hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baron Scrope of Masham
Baron Scrope of Masham is an abeyant title in the Peerage of England. It was created on 25 November 1350 as a barony by writ for Henry le Scrope, son of Geoffrey le Scrope and first cousin of Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton. Richard le Scrope, a younger son of the 1st Baron, was Archbishop of York and executed for his role in the Percy revolt of 1405.

The title was abolished by attainder in 1415 after the 3rd Baron was executed as a ringleader in the Southampton Plot, but the title was restored in 1426. It became abeyant in 1517.

Richard Scrope (bishop)
Richard le Scrope (c. 1350 – 8 June 1405) was an English cleric who served as Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield and Archbishop of York and was executed in 1405 for his participation in the Northern Rising against King Henry IV.
Anemonopsis
Anemonopsis, the false anemone, is a monotypic genus in the family Ranunculaceae, containing only the species Anemonopsis macrophylla, endemic to Japan's main island of Honshu. 
The generic name Anemonopsis refers to it being Anemone-like (-opsis), and its specific epithet macrophylla means "large-leaved".

Anemone
Anemone (/əˈnɛməniː/) is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are commonly called windflowers. They are native to the temperate and subtropical regions of all regions except Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. The genus is closely related to several other genera including Anemonoides, Anemonastrum,  Hepatica, and Pulsatilla. Some botanists include these genera within Anemone.
Data circuit-terminating equipment
A data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) is a device that sits between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and a data transmission circuit. It is also called data communication(s) equipment and data carrier equipment. Usually, the DTE device is the terminal (or computer), and the DCE is a modem.

In a data station, the DCE performs functions such as signal conversion, coding, and line clocking and may be a part of the DTE or intermediate equipment. Interfacing equipment may be required to couple the DTE into a transmission circuit or channel and from a transmission circuit or channel into the DTE.

Terminal (telecommunication)
In the context of telecommunications, a terminal is a device which ends a telecommunications link and is the point at which a signal enters or leaves a network. Examples of terminal equipment include telephones, fax machines, computer terminals, printers and workstations.

An end instrument is a piece of equipment connected to the wires at the end of a telecommunications link. In telephony, this is usually a telephone connected to a local loop.  End instruments that relate to data terminal equipment include printers, computers, barcode readers, automated teller machines (ATMs) and the console ports of routers.
Yugoslav Volleyball Championship
The Yugoslav Volleyball Championship was the highest level of volleyball competition in SFR Yugoslavia, contested between 1945 and 1991. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the league was succeeded by the following competitions:

Premier League of Volleyball of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia Volleyball Championship

Macedonian Volleyball Championship

Slovenian Volleyball League (men)

Slovenian Volleyball League (women)

Serbian Volleyball League (men)

Serbian Volleyball League (women)

Montenegrin Volleyball League(men)

Montenegrin Volleyball League (women)

Volleyball League of Serbia
The Serbian Superliga (Serbian: Суперлига Србије / Superliga Srbije) is the highest level of men's volleyball in Serbia and it is organized by Serbian Volleyball Federation. Serbia Volleyball League is currently contested by 12 clubs.
Khuda Buksh
Khuda Buksh (1 February 1912 – 13 May 1974) was a Bengali life insurance salesman and humanitarian from the Indian subcontinent. For four decades he represented the "life and soul of the insurance industry" throughout the region, leaving a mark on the business in three separate countries: British India (specifically in East India), Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Buksh, or "Insurance Giant," as he became known, gained fame in the 1940s for his salesmanship in East India. From the 1950s to 1960s, he helped build one of Pakistan's top insurance companies from scratch. He was the pioneer of life insurance industry growth and development in Bangladesh; his name became "synonymous with the life insurance industry," and he is even referred to, in Bangladesh, as the "Father of Insurance."

Ataur Rahman Khan
Ataur Rahman Khan (Bengali: আতাউর রহমান খান; 6 March 1905 – 7 December 1991) was a Bangladeshi lawyer, politician and writer, who served as the chief minister of East Pakistan from 1 September 1956 – March 1958, and as the prime minister of Bangladesh from 30 March 1984 to 1 January 1985.
Ivangorod
Ivangorod (Russian: Иванго́род, IPA: [ɪvɐnˈɡorət]; Estonian: Jaanilinn; Votic: Jaanilidna) is a town in Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the east bank of the Narva river which flows along the Estonia–Russia international border, 159 kilometers (99 mi) west of Saint Petersburg, 218 kilometers (135 mi) east of Tallinn, Estonia. The town's population was recorded as  9,854 (2010 census); 11,206 (2002 census); 11,833 (1989 Soviet census). As of 2025, the population of Ivangorod was estimated to be 9,878.

Ivangorod is a major border crossing point and a railway station on the Tallinn–Saint Petersburg line. It is located just opposite to the Estonian town of Narva. The town is the site of the Ivangorod Fortress, a prominent fortification monument of the 15th and the 16th centuries.

Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Saint Petersburg. The governorate was composed of 44,613 square kilometres (17,225 mi2) of area and 2,112,033 inhabitants. It was bordered by Estonian and Livonian Governorates to the west, Pskov Governorate to the south, Novgorod Governorate to the east, Olonets Governorate to the northeast, and Vyborg Governorate of the Grand Duchy of Finland to the north. The governorate covered most of the areas of modern Leningrad Oblast and Ida-Viru, Jõgeva, Tartu, Põlva, and Võru counties of Estonia.
Principality of Erfurt
The Principality of Erfurt (German: Fürstentum Erfurt; French: Principauté d'Erfurt) was a small state in modern Thuringia, Germany, that existed from 1807 to 1814, comprising the modern city of Erfurt and the surrounding land. It was subordinate directly to Napoleon, the Emperor of the French, rather than being a part of the Confederation of the Rhine. In 1814 after over seven months of siege, the city fell to Prussian, Austrian and Russian forces. Having mainly been Prussian territory before the Napoleonic Wars, most of the lands were restored to Prussia by the Congress of Vienna.

Kingdom of Saxony
The Kingdom of Saxony (German: Königreich Sachsen) was a German monarchy in Central Europe between 1806 and 1918, the successor of the Electorate of Saxony. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, later joining the German Confederation after Napoleon was defeated in 1815. From 1871, it was part of the German Empire. It became a free state of the Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III. Its capital was Dresden, and its modern successor is the Free State of Saxony.
Psilocarphus oregonus
Psilocarphus oregonus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Oregon woollyheads and Oregon woolly marbles. It is native to western North America from Washington and Idaho to Baja California, where it grows in seasonally wet habitat, such as vernal pools.

Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a unique type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however, adapted to this habitat specifically.

Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species, including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems.
Cultural impact of the Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl disaster, when Reactor No. 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded on 26 April 1986, is the worst nuclear disaster and the costliest disaster to have occurred in human history. The effects of the Chernobyl disaster, brought about by the radioactive contamination that chiefly spread throughout the Soviet Union and virtually all of Europe, have had a significant impact on millions of people (in addition to direct and indirect deaths) and the environment, consequently serving as one of the greatest motivators for the anti-nuclear movement. Accordingly, both the incident itself and the aftermath have since been a prominent focus in the study and implementation of nuclear power around the world, and have also featured in numerous works of popular culture; film, literature, music, television, and video games, among other forms of arts and media, have either analyzed it in a non-fictional context or used it as a backdrop for fictional dystopian settings.

Effects of the Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl disaster of 26 April 1986 triggered the release of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere in the form of both particulate and gaseous radioisotopes. As of 2025, it remains the world's largest known release of radioactivity into the natural environment.

The work of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) suggests that the Chernobyl disaster cannot be directly compared to atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons by simply saying that it is better or worse. This is partly because the isotopes released at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant tended to be longer-lived than those released by the detonation of atomic bombs.

It is estimated that the Chernobyl disaster caused US$235 billion in economic damages.
Killavilla GAA
Killavilla GAA was a Gaelic Athletic Association club located near Roscrea, County Tipperary, Ireland but affiliated to the Offaly County Board. The club was primarily concerned with the game of hurling.

Offaly Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Offaly Intermediate Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by mid-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1929.
South Palace
The South Palace or Midi Palace (French: Palais du Midi; Dutch: Zuidpaleis) is a former covered market in Brussels, Belgium. It was originally built between 1875 and 1880 by the architect Wynand Janssens for the Compagnie générale des Marchés, though it was heavily renovated in the 20th and 21st centuries. Nowadays, it still houses shops, as well as several sports halls and a school.

The building is located at 132–172, boulevard Maurice Lemonnier/Maurice Lemonnierlaan in the Midi–Lemonnier or Stalingrad Quarter (southern part of the City of Brussels). This site is served by Brussels-South railway station, as well as by the premetro (underground tram) station Lemonnier on lines 4 and 10

Lemonnier premetro station
Lemonnier (French pronunciation: [ləmɔnje]) is a premetro (underground tram) station in central Brussels, Belgium, located near the crossroads between the Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier/Maurice Lemonnierlaan and the Small Ring (Brussels' inner ring road).

The station is part of the North–South Axis, a tram tunnel crossing the city centre between Brussels-North railway station and Albert premetro station. Additional tunnel exits exist at Brussels-South railway station, as well as at Lemonnier, allowing trams to leave or enter the tunnel at those points. Tram routes 51 and 82 enter the tunnel at Lemonnier towards the south. Tram routes 4 and 10 also stop at this station.

The station is decorated with paintings by the artist Hamsi Boubeker. On a lower floor, there is unused second station with two platforms. In the tunnel between Anneessens-Fontainas and Lemonnier, there is a tunnel towards this station.
Chūrui Naumann Elephant Museum
The Chūrui Naumann Elephant Museum (忠類ナウマン象記念館, Chūrui Nauman-zō Kinenkan) opened in Makubetsu, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1988. It commemorates the chance discovery of a fossilized Naumann's elephant in Chūrui, now Makubetsu, on 26 July 1969, during construction work on a farm road: the youth who unearthed the initial piece with his pickaxe crying out "this is an elephant's tooth" (「これは象の歯だ」). During the course of three subsequent excavations, some forty-seven bones were recovered, representing 70–80% of the total skeleton. Twenty-two museums in Japan and the rest of the world now house the reconstructed elephant's remains from the Chrui finds.

Chūrui, Hokkaido
Chūrui (忠類村, Chūrui-mura) was a village located in Hiroo District, Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of 2004, the village had an estimated population of 1,802 and a density of 13.10 persons per km2. The total area was 137.54 km2.

On February 6, 2006, Chūrui was merged into the expanded town of Makubetsu (in Nakagawa (Tokachi) District).
2018 Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal
The 2018 Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 9 September 2018 in Canada. It was the 9th edition of the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal and the 34th event of the 2018 UCI World Tour. It was won in the sprint by Michael Matthews before Sonny Colbrelli and Greg Van Avermaet.

Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal
The Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal is a one-day professional bicycle road race held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its first edition was held on September 12, 2010, as the final event in the 2010 UCI ProTour.

The Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal and the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec, held two days earlier, are collectively known as the "Laurentian Classics". In 2014, Simon Gerrans became the first to achieve the "Laurentian Double" by winning both the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec and the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal in the same year. In 2018, Michael Matthews became the second cyclist to achieve this.

The race uses a hilly circuit around Mount Royal, similar to that used at the 1974 UCI Road World Championships, 1976 Summer Olympics and other previous races. In 2024, organisers noted that they wished to stage a women's race in future, potentially as part of the UCI Women's World Tour.
Mahabharat Rural Municipality
Mahabharat is a Rural municipality located within the Kavrepalanchowk District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 186 square kilometres (72 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 18,283 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Gokule, Phoksingtar, Budhakhani, Banakhu Chor and Ghartichhap VDCs were merged to form Mahabharat Rural Municipality.
Mahabharat is divided into 8 wards, with Banakhu Chor declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Banakhu Chor
Banakhu Chor (Nepali: बनखु चोर) is a village development committee in Kavrepalanchok District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,549 and had 535 houses in it.
Steam Bandits: Outpost
Steam Bandits: Outpost is a free-to-play steam punk themed city building and indie game by American developer Iocaine Studios. The title is the first one planned out of three, all taking place in the same game world with the goal of eventually allowing players of one game to interact with players of the other two.

City-building game
A city-building game, citybuilder or town-building game, is a genre of simulation video game where players act as the overall planner and leader of a city or town, looking down on it from above, and being responsible for its growth and management strategy. Players choose building placement and city management features such as salaries and work priorities, and the city develops accordingly.

City-building games such as SimCity, Cities XXL or Cities: Skylines are considered a type of construction and management simulation.
Gnesta Municipality
Gnesta Municipality (Swedish: Gnesta kommun) is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Gnesta, with some 5,000 inhabitants.

The present municipality was created in 1992, when Nyköping Municipality (of which it had been a part since 1974) was split up.

It is in the middle of the cultural Södermanland province. Although it only has around 10,000 permanent inhabitants, the population increases substantially in the summer due to the many summer houses.

Industry-wise, Gnesta mostly has small companies with few employed. There are about 800 registered companies in the municipality, and a "large" company would have 25-50 employees.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
Waynea californica
Waynea californica is a species of lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. This rare lichen forms small, scale-like patches on oak tree trunks, with an olive-green to brownish-green surface that develops distinctive cup-shaped structures filled with powdery reproductive material. It is known primarily from California, particularly around Big Sur and the Santa Lucia Mountains, with rare reports also from Washington State, where it grows on solitary oak trees in relatively open areas.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Tubravić
Tubravić is a village in the municipality of Valjevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 418 people.

Tubravic - Church

Tubravic - panorama

Tubravic - panorama

Tubravic - panorama

Tubravic - panorama

Tubravic - panorama

Tubravic - panorama

Тубравић - панорама

Valjevo
Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, pronounced [ʋâːʎeʋo]) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the river Kolubara.
Placolecis sublaevis
Placolecis sublaevis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in Yunnan and Sichuan, China. The crust-like, radiating body of the lichen forms irregular patches or clumps and includes numerous false conidiomata, a type of asexual reproductive structure, within its thallus. Its lobes, dark brown and slightly flattened at the top, form larger groups at the edges and contain an upper layer composed of loosely interwoven cells and a lower inner tissue that varies from reddish-orange to white.

Catillariaceae
The Catillariaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution, especially in temperate areas. The family contains five genera and about 130 species, most of which form crusty growths tightly attached to rocks, bark, or soil.
Mjogsjøoksli
Mjogsjøoksli or Mjogsjøvike is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,667-metre (5,469 ft) tall mountain lies within Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of the village of Lesja. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Skredahøin which is about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) to the northeast, Storstyggesvånåtinden which is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north-northeast, Mjogsjøhøe which is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the north, and Hatten which is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west.

Lesja (village)
Lesja is the administrative centre of Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the upper Gudbrandsdalen valley, along the river Gudbrandsdalslågen, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northwest of the larger village of Dombås. The European route E136 highway and the Raumabanen railway line both pass through the village, with the railway line stopping at the Lesja Station. Lesja Church is located in the village.

The 0.41-square-kilometre (100-acre) village had a population (2024) of 230 and a population density of 561 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,450/sq mi). Since 2019, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
Res Ipsa (restaurant)
Res Ipsa Cafe was a restaurant and café located in the Rittenhouse Square neighborhood of Philadelphia. It was a collaboration between the owners of Philadelphia cafe chain ReAnimator Coffee and Tyler Akin, a chef and the owner of Philadelphia restaurant Stock.

During the day, Res Ipsa Cafe served coffee and light food, but after 5:30 served a dinner menu with primarily Sicilian-inspired dishes.

Rittenhouse Square
Rittenhouse Square is a public park in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that is the center of the eponymous Rittenhouse neighborhood. The square is one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. Together with Fitler Square, the Rittenhouse neighborhood and the square comprise the Rittenhouse–Fitler Historic District.

Rittenhouse Square is maintained by the non-profit group The Friends of Rittenhouse Square. The square cuts 19th Street at Walnut Street and also at a half-block above Manning Street. Its boundaries are 18th Street to the east, Walnut Street to the north, and Rittenhouse Square West, a north–south boundary street, and Rittenhouse Square South, an east–west boundary street, making the park approximately two short blocks on each side. Locust Street is interrupted by Rittenhouse Square at 18th Street and Rittenhouse Square West.