hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reinforced solid
In solid mechanics, a reinforced solid is a brittle material that is reinforced by ductile bars or fibres. A common application is reinforced concrete. When the concrete cracks the tensile force in a crack is not carried any more by the concrete but by the steel reinforcing bars only. The reinforced concrete will continue to carry the load provided that sufficient reinforcement is present. A typical design problem is to find the smallest amount of reinforcement that can carry the stresses on a small cube (Fig. 1). This can be formulated as an optimization problem.

Structural load
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration  in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements. Excess load may cause structural failure, so this should be considered and controlled during the design of a structure. Particular  mechanical structures—such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships, and submarines—are subject to their own particular structural loads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications.  Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection.
Jim Jontz
James Prather Jontz (December 18, 1951 – April 14, 2007) was an American politician who represented the Indiana's 5th congressional district, comprising rural north central Indiana, centering on Kokomo and Logansport. A Democrat, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993. He was previously a member of the Indiana General Assembly. To date, he was the last Democrat to represent his district in Congress.

Indiana Senate
The Indiana State Senate is the upper house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The Senate is composed of 50 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, the average state senator represents 129,676 people.

The Senate convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Beyazıt Square
Beyazıt Square (Turkish: Beyazıt Meydanı) lies to the north of Ordu Caddesi in the district of Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Officially named Freedom Square (Hürriyet Meydanı), it is more generally known as Beyazıt Square after the early Ottoman Bayezid II Mosque on one side. The square is the former site of the Forum of Theodosius (AKA Forum Tauri) built by Constantine the Great. In 1960 with the proposal of Turgut Cansever, Beyazıt Square was given a new form but the project was not completed. In 2022 Beyazit Square was entirely re-organised according to the urban design project prepared by Ali Kural and Deniz Çalış Kural.

Fatih
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfaːtih]) or the Historical peninsula (in Turkish: Tarihi Yarımada),  is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait.
Gmina Lipiany
Gmina Lipiany is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Lipiany, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Pyrzyce and 53 km (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 94.62 square kilometres (36.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,033 (out of which the population of Lipiany amounts to 4,124, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 1,909).

Pyrzyce
Pyrzyce [pɨˈʐɨt͡sɛ] (Kashubian: Përzëca; German: Pyritz) is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland. As of 2007, it had 13,331 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town emerged from an early medieval tribal stronghold, which eventually became a castellan seat and a center of grain trade. Pyrzyce has largely preserved medieval defensive walls with several gates and towers, several medieval churches and a regional museum. It hosts one of the oldest geothermal plants in Poland.
Ahitub (High Priest)
Ahitub (Hebrew: אֲחִיטוּב ʾĂḥīṭūḇ, "my brother is goodness" or "brother of goodness") was a High Priest of Israel cited in the Bible.

He was the son of Phinehas, grandson of Eli, and brother of Ichabod.

On the death of his grandfather Eli he most likely succeeded to the office of High Priest of Israel, and would have been succeeded by his son Ahijah (references to Ahitub as the father of Ahijah are in 1 Sam. 14:3; 22:9, 11, 12, 20 and 1 Chr 9:11). Ahijah (also spelled Ahiah), who is listed as his son in 1 Samuel 14:2-3, 18-19, may have been the same person as Ahimelech (1 Samuel 22:9-20), or he may have been another son of Ahitub (probably an elder son if this was the case).

High Priest of Israel
The High Priest of Israel  (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, romanized: kohēn gaḏol, lit. 'great priest')  was the head of the kohanim (Israelite priesthood). He played a unique role in the worship conducted in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as in some non-ritual matters. Like all priests, he was required to be descended from Aaron, the first priest in the Torah. But unlike other priests, the high priest followed more restrictive laws, wore unique priestly garments, and was the only priest allowed to perform certain ceremonies.

There is still a Samaritan High Priest, but in Judaism, the High Priesthood is defunct.
2017–18 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Louisiana at Monroe in the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Warhawks, led by eighth-year head coach Keith Richard, played their home games at Fant–Ewing Coliseum as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 16–16, 9–9 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They defeated Arkansas State in the first round of the Sun Belt tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Georgia Southern. They received an invitation to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they lost in the first round to Austin Peay.

2018 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the league for the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 7–11, 2018, in New Orleans, Louisiana, at Lake Front Arena. The tournament winner, Georgia State, received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic
There are various highways and routes in the Dominican Republic. They are built and maintained by the Ministry of Public Works and Communication (Spanish: Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Comunicaciones) or MOPC. Overall the system is centered around Greater Santo Domingo, where the country's capital is located.

According to MOPC there are 1,395 km (867 miles) of main highways, 2,412 km (1,499 miles) of secondary highways and 1,620 km (1,007 miles) of tertiary or regional highways.

Cibao
The Cibao (Spanish pronunciation: [siˈβa.o] sib-OW), usually referred as El Cibao, is a cultural and administrative region of the Dominican Republic located in the northern part of the country. As of 2017, the Cibao region has a population of 
3,450,875 million, making it the second most populous region in the country.

The region has its own cultural identity, it forms a "macroregion of development"; with a large industrial base and high levels of progress among its inhabitants, it has high levels of education and the highest quality of life among the three main regions of the Dominican Republic. The Cibao is characterized socioculturally by the overwhelming predominance of the European legacy, (predominantly Spanish and French) and economically by being the most prosperous region of the country.
Réunion Rugby Committee
The Réunion Rugby Committee (French: Comité de Rugby de la Réunion, —or officially: Comité Territorial de Rugby de la Réunion) is a committee under the umbrella of the French Rugby Federation which is the governing body for rugby union within Réunion.

The organisation was previously Ligue Régionale de Rugby de la Réunion, but was upgraded to committee status in 2008. It is affiliated with the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR), which is the regional governing body for rugby union in Africa, but it is not affiliated with the International Rugby Board (IRB) in its own right.

Rugby Africa
Rugby Africa is the administrative body for rugby union within the continent of Africa under the authority of World Rugby, which is the world governing body of rugby union. As of 2018, Rugby Africa has 37 member nations and runs several rugby tournaments for national teams, including the Africa Cup which is the main 15-a-side competition for African national teams.

Rugby Africa was founded in 1986 as the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR) to promote, develop, organise and administer the game of rugby in Africa. It was renamed Rugby Africa in December 2014.

The President of Rugby Africa is the Herbert Mensah from Ghana.
2012 Indonesia Super League U-21 group stage
The 2012 Indonesia Super League U-21 group stage is contested by a total of 19 teams. They include:

18 teams from Super League

1 teams from Premier Division

The group stage draw took place at the PT Liga Indonesia headquarters in Jakarta, Indonesia on March 23, 2012. The first round commenced on April 2, 2012, and concluded on April 25, 2012, while the second round began on May 9, 2012, and ended on May 24, 2012.

In each group, teams played each other in a home-and-away round-robin format, although all matches were held at a single stadium with a home team designated. The winners and runners-up from each group advanced to the second stage.

2012 Indonesia Super League U-21
The 2012 Indonesia Super League U-21 season was the fourth edition of Indonesia Super League U-21 (ISL U-21), a companion competition Indonesian super league that are intended for footballers under the age of twenty-one years.

Persela U-21 is the defending champion in this season.
Donora Hillard
Donora Shaw (née Hillard) is an American writer and educator. She first gained recognition in institutional critique and trauma studies for her debut full-length collection of poetry, published when she was 27 years old. Her projects have appeared on CNN, WBEZ Chicago, and MSNBC.

Shaw is the author of several works of hybrid text, poetry, and theory: Parapherna (2006), Exhibition (2008), Theology of the Body (2010), Covenant (2012), and The Aphasia Poems (2014). In 2015, her play The Plagiarist was produced in conjunction with the National Endowment for the Arts' The Big Read initiative. She has also modeled in book trailers. In 2016, Cobalt Press published her most recent full-length poetry book, Jeff Bridges.

King's College (Pennsylvania)
King's College is a private Catholic university in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. It is run by the Congregation of Holy Cross and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. It is located within the Diocese of Scranton.
Espace Métal
The Espace Métal is a museum located in the ancient Charcoal Hall at Grossouvre, near to St Amand Monrond in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

European Route of Industrial Heritage
The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry.
Wiliete S.C.
Wiliete Sport Clube is an Angolan sports club from the city of Benguela, in the namesake province.

In 2019, Wiliete qualified to the Gira Angola, the qualifying tournament for Angola's top division, the Girabola. They were promoted to the Girabola after Benfica do Lubango were excluded from the league.

Benguela
Benguela (Portuguese pronunciation: [bẽˈɡɛlɐ]; Umbundu: Luombaka) is a city in western Angola, capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's most populous cities with a population of 555,124 in the city and 561,775 in the municipality, at the 2014 census.
Fundamental unit (number theory)
In algebraic number theory, a fundamental unit is a generator (modulo the roots of unity) for the unit group of the ring of integers of a number field, when that group has rank 1 (i.e. when the unit group modulo its torsion subgroup is infinite cyclic). Dirichlet's unit theorem shows that the unit group has rank 1 exactly when the number field is a real quadratic field, a complex cubic field, or a totally imaginary quartic field. When the unit group has rank ≥ 1, a basis of it modulo its torsion is called a fundamental system of units. Some authors use the term fundamental unit to mean any element of a fundamental system of units, not restricting to the case of rank 1 (e.g. Neukirch 1999, p. 42).

Quadratic field
In algebraic number theory, a quadratic field is an algebraic number field of degree two over , the rational numbers.

Every such quadratic field is some  where  is a (uniquely defined) square-free integer different from  and . If , the corresponding quadratic field is called a real quadratic field, and, if , it is called an imaginary quadratic field or a complex quadratic field, corresponding to whether or not it is a subfield of the field of the real numbers.

Quadratic fields have been studied in great depth, initially as part of the theory of binary quadratic forms. There remain some unsolved problems. The class number problem is particularly important.
Culture of Syria
Syria is a traditional society with a long cultural history. The Syrian's taste for the traditional arts is expressed in dances such as the al-Samah, the Dabkeh in all their variations and the sword dance. Marriage ceremonies are occasions for the lively demonstration of folk customs.

The scribes of the city of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra) created a cuneiform alphabet in the 14th century BC. The alphabet was written in the familiar order we use today like the English language, however with different characters.

Archaeologists have discovered extensive writings and evidence of a culture rivaling those of Iraq, and Egypt in and around the ancient city of Ebla (modern Tell Mardikh). Later Syrian scholars and artists contributed to Hellenistic and Roman thought and culture. Cicero was a pupil of Antiochus of Ascalon at Athens; and the writings of Posidonius of Apamea influenced Livy and Plutarch.

Dabke
Dabke (Arabic: دبكة also spelled dabka, dabki, dubki, dabkeh, plural dabkaat) is a Levantine folk dance, particularly popular among Lebanese, Jordanian, Palestinian, and Syrian communities. Dabke combines circle dance and line dancing and is widely performed at weddings and other joyous occasions. The line forms from right to left and the leader of the dabke heads the line, alternating between facing the audience and the other dancers.
Sefophe
Sefophe  is a village in Central District of Botswana. It is located 27 km south-east of the mining town of Selebi-Phikwe, within 100 km distance of borders with Zimbabwe and South Africa. The population was 6,062 in 2011 census.

Selebi-Phikwe
Selebi-Phikwe (also spelt Selibe Phikwe) is a mining town located in the Central District of Botswana. It had a population of 42,488 in 2022. The town is an administrative district, separate from the surrounding Central District.
Borgo Valbelluna
Borgo Valbelluna is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto. It was established on 30 January 2019 with the merger of the three municipalities of Trichiana, Mel and Lentiai.

The land hosts many works of Medieval art, realized from the 6th century to the Late Gothic.

Trichiana
Trichiana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Venice and about 10 kilometres (6 miles) southwest of Belluno.
Seán Brady (cardinal)
Seán Brady KGCHS (born 16 August 1939) is an Irish prelate who is a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland from 1996 until 2014. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI in the consistory on 24 November 2007. He left office in 2014 and was succeeded by Eamon Martin, who had served as Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh since 2013.

St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Roman Catholic)
St. Patrick's Cathedral in Armagh, Northern Ireland is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland. It was built in various phases between 1840 and 1904 to serve as the Roman Catholic cathedral of the Archdiocese of Armagh, the original medieval Cathedral of St. Patrick having been appropriated by the state church called the Church of Ireland at the time of the Irish Reformation.

The Cathedral stands on a hill, as does its Anglican counterpart.
Andrew Nikolic
Andrew Alexander Nikolic AM, CSC (born 20 June 1961) is a former Australian politician, retired senior Australian Army officer, and a former public servant in the Department of Defence. He was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Liberal Party representative for the Tasmanian seat of Bass at the 2013 federal election, but after one term, he lost his seat at the 2016 federal election.

Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
The Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC) is a decoration (medal) of the Australian honours system. It is awarded to members of the Australian Defence Force "for outstanding devotion to duty or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills, judgment or dedication, in non-warlike situations". In November 2019, 1129 people were listed as recipients. All ranks are eligible for the award.
2018 Ipswich SuperSprint
The 2018 Ipswich SuperSprint (formally known as 2018 Coates Hire Ipswich SuperSprint) was a motor racing event for the Supercars Championship, held on the weekend of 20–22 July 2018. The event was held at Queensland Raceway near Ipswich, Queensland and consisted of two races, 120 and 200 kilometres in length. It was the ninth event of sixteen in the 2018 Supercars Championship and hosted Races 19 and 20 of the season.

2018 Supercars Championship
The 2018 Supercars Championship (known for commercial reasons as the 2018 Virgin Australia Supercars Championship) was an FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for Supercars. It was the twentieth running of the Supercars Championship and the twenty-second series in which Supercars have contested the premier Australian touring car title. Teams and drivers competed in thirty-one races at sixteen venues across Australia and New Zealand for the championship titles. Scott McLaughlin won his maiden title at the final race in Newcastle, while Triple Eight Race Engineering won the Teams Championship at Pukekohe.

The 2018 season saw the introduction of the first Gen 2 Supercars, which opened up the category up to a wider variety of body shapes and engine configurations. The championship saw the introduction of the hatchback Holden ZB Commodore, marking the first time since 1994 that a car with a body shape other than a four-door sedan has competed.
Investitionsbank Schleswig-Holstein
Investitionsbank Schleswig-Holstein (IB.SH) is the regional promotional bank (German: Förderbank) for the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It was established in 2001 and is headquartered in Kiel.

Together with other Förderbanken and the more commercially oriented Landesbanken, IB.SH is a member of the Association of German Public Banks (VÖB).

Landesbank
In German-speaking jurisdictions, Landesbank (plural Landesbanken), lit. 'bank of the Land', refers to a category of public sector banks that are owned by one or more of the Länder (federated internally self-governing states). Institutions of this type exist in most German states, as well as Austria and Switzerland.
Down to Earth (Alexis & Fido album)
Down to Earth is the fourth studio album by the Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Alexis & Fido released on March 31, 2009 through Sony Music Latin and Wild Dogz. Being produced since 2008, the album follows the success of Sobrenatural, and contains collaborations of artists such Toby Love and Don Omar.

Though "Superheroe" enjoyed massive airplay and success in Latin America and was included in Down to Earth, the official lead single off the album was "Ojos Que No Ven", which also performed successfully in airplay. The buzz single "Gatubela" was released together with the second single off the album: "Bartender". To date, "Bartender" is the most successful song of the duo, and one of the most successful songs of 2009, reaching the number-one position in several countries. The following singles of the album were "No Debe Tocarte" and "Invencibles", which performed well in some countries. It was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year.

Sobrenatural (album)
Sobrenatural (English: Supernatural) is the Latin Grammy-nominated second / third studio album by Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Alexis & Fido released on November 13, 2007 by Sony BMG Norte and Wild Dogz. The first single from the album is titled "5 Letras" and is produced by Doble A & Nales "Los Presidentes". Artists featured on the album are Ñejo & Dalmata, Toby Love, De la Ghetto, Julio Voltio, Jadiel, Erick Right and Los Yetzons, a duo signed on to their Wild Dogz label. Doble A & Nales "Los Presidentes" produced the bulk of the album. Sobrenatural was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year.

The album was supported with the Sobrenatural Tour. Eventually, the album sold over 100,000 copies.
Mapuche uprising of 1655
The Mapuche uprising of 1655 (Spanish: alzamiento mapuche de 1655 or levantamiento mapuche de 1655) was a series of coordinated Mapuche attacks against Spanish settlements and forts in colonial Chile. It was the worst military crisis in Chile in decades, and contemporaries even considered the possibility of a civil war among the Spanish. The uprising marks the beginning of a ten-year period of warfare between the Spanish and the Mapuche.

Indian auxiliaries
Indian auxiliaries, also known in the sources as Indios amigos (lit. 'friendly Indians'), were those Indigenous peoples of the Americas who allied with Spain and fought alongside the conquistadors during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. These auxiliaries acted as guides, translators, soldiers, explorers and porters, often outnumbering peninsular Spaniards by enormous degrees in their military formations. During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, Indigenous assistants were referred to by the Indigenous word of yanakuna.

Indian auxiliaries continued to be used by the Spanish to maintain control over their colonies in the Americas; frequently stationed on the frontier, they were often used to suppress anti-colonial revolts such as Arauco War. Their important role in achieving the conquests of Spain gave birth to a modern Spanish-speaking idiom, la conquista la hicieron los indios ("the Indians did the conquest").