hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Vaughan shooting
On December 18, 2022, a mass shooting occurred at the Bellaria Residences condominium tower in Vaughan, a suburb north of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Six people were killed, including the gunman, 73-year-old Francesco Villi, who was shot and killed by responding police officers. Another person was hospitalized with serious but non-life-threatening injuries.

Vaughan
Vaughan (/vɑːn/ vawn) (2021 population 323,103) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. In 2021, the population of Vaughan was 323,103. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.
Linzhi Metal Structure Factory
The Linzhi Metal Structure Factory (Chinese: 林芝金属结构厂), or Nyingchi Metal Structure Factory, located in the development zone of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, was established on June 18, 2016, as the largest metal structure manufacturing facility in Tibet. Built by Jianjiang Hydroelectric Machinery (a subsidiary of Power Construction Corporation of China Sinohydro Bureau), it filled a historical gap in Tibet's industrial capacity for large-scale metal structure production, particularly for infrastructure projects.

Power Construction Corporation of China
Power Construction Corporation of China (PowerChina) is a wholly state-owned enterprise under the SASAC of the State Council. The company is active in the heavy and civil engineering construction industry and is involved in infrastructure, energy, and hydropower development projects worldwide.
Honeycomb housing
Honeycomb housing is an urban planning model pertaining to residential subdivision design.

The defining hexagonal tessellation, or "honeycomb" pattern, consists of multiple housing clusters containing 5–16 houses and centered around a courtyard in a cul-de-sac arrangement at its smallest unit of organization. Multiple clusters are connected to each other to form larger cul-de-sac communities with up to 42 houses in total. These courtyard communities are in turn also connected to one another, making up a distinct neighborhood of up to 300 houses.

The honeycomb concept was first introduced in Malaysia as an alternative to terrace houses and the predominantly rectilinear form of residential layouts.

It can also be described as a new form of cul-de-sac layout.

Courtyard
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky.

Courtyards are common elements in both Western and Eastern building patterns and have been used by both ancient and contemporary architects as a typical and traditional building feature. Such spaces in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court. Both of the words court and yard derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed space. See yard and garden for the relation of this set of words. In universities courtyards are often known as quadrangles.
Swiss-model
Swiss-model (stylized as SWISS-MODEL) is a structural bioinformatics web-server dedicated to homology modeling of 3D protein structures. As of 2026, homology modeling is the most accurate method to generate reliable three-dimensional protein structure models and is routinely used in many practical applications. Homology (or comparative) modelling methods make use of experimental protein structures (templates) to build models for evolutionary related proteins (targets).

Today, Swiss-model consists of three tightly integrated components: (1) The Swiss-model pipeline – a suite of software tools and databases for automated protein structure modelling, (2) The Swiss-model Workspace – a web-based graphical user interface workbench, (3) The Swiss-model Repository – a continuously updated database of homology models for a set of model organism proteomes of high biomedical interest.

Sequence alignment
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. Aligned sequences of nucleotide or amino acid residues are typically represented as rows within a matrix. Gaps are inserted between the residues so that identical or similar characters are aligned in successive columns.
Sequence alignments are also used for non-biological sequences such as calculating the distance cost between strings in a natural language, or to display financial data.
Soaz (gamer)
Paul Boyer, better known as sOAZ (/ˈsoʊæz/ ⓘ), is a French League of Legends coach for LDLC OL. Formerly a professional League of Legends player, he has played for against All authority (aAa), Fnatic, Origen, and Misfits Gaming of the LEC and Immortals of the LCS. While on aAa, sOAZ was a runner-up in the Season 1 World Championship. sOAZ is one of the most decorated players to play in the EU LCS, having won five split titles (2013 Spring EU LCS, 2013 Summer EU LCS, 2014 Spring EU LCS, 2018 Spring EU LCS, 2018 Summer EU LCS) and six World Championship appearances.

Origen (esports)
Origen was a professional esports organisation based in Europe. Its main League of Legends team participated in the League of Legends European Championship (LEC), the top-level league for the game in Europe. It was founded by Enrique "xPeke" Cedeño Martínez after his departure from Fnatic.

In 2018, Origen was acquired by RFRSH Entertainment, a company that owned Danish CS:GO team Astralis. Astralis and Origen later separated from RFRSH Entertainment in July 2019, and founded the Astralis Group. On 15 September 2020, the Astralis Group announced that all esports teams owned by them, including Origen, would be merged into the Astralis brand.
Eric Black
John Eric Black (born 1 October 1963) is a Scottish former professional football player and coach. Black played as a striker for Aberdeen and Metz, winning major trophies with both clubs, and earned two international caps for the Scotland national team. He was forced to retire from playing at a relatively early age and became a coach, working as a manager at Motherwell and Coventry City.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
2011 MasterCard Tennis Cup
The 2011 MasterCard Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the tenth edition for the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Campos do Jordão, Brazil between 25 and 31 July for women and 1 and 7 August 2011 for men.

2011 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2011 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2011 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Protothelenella
Protothelenella is a genus of fungi in the family Protothelenellaceae. It contains 11 species, some of which form lichens. Protothelenella species have a crustose thallus with spherical to pear-shaped, dark brown to blackish perithecia. Microscopic characteristics of the genus include bitunicate asci with an amyloid tholus, and ascospores that are colourless and contain multiple internal partitions. Some species grow on acidic substrates including rocks, soil, bryophytes, plant detritus or rotten wood. Other species are lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling), growing on species of Solorina, Peltigera, Pseudocyphellaria, or Cladonia.

Solorina
Solorina is a genus of 10 species of lichenized fungi in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus was first described by the Swedish botanist Erik Acharius in 1808. Members of the genus are commonly called socket lichens.
Kewal Singh Choudhary
Kewal Singh Choudhary (1915–1991) was an Indian diplomat, Foreign Secretary and India's ambassador to the USSR, Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan and USA. He was a 1955 recipient of the Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri.

Foreign Secretary (India)
The foreign secretary (ISO: Vidēś Saciv) is the topmost non-elected official and the administrative head of the Ministry of External Affairs. This post is held by an Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India. Vikram Misri is the foreign secretary since July 2024, succeeding Vinay Mohan Kwatra.

As an officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India, the foreign secretary ranks 23rd on the Indian Order of Precedence. However, unlike other secretaries to the government of India, the foreign secretary is also the top diplomat of the country and heads the Foreign Service Board.

Before the post of Foreign Secretary was created, Secretary General of Ministry of External Affairs was the head of Ministry of External Affairs, which was held by Girija Bajpai and N. R. Pillai.
Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Aragon
Eleanor of Portugal (1328 – 30 October 1348), was a Portuguese infanta by birth and Queen of Aragon from 1347 to 1348 as the second wife of King Peter IV.

The youngest daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and Beatrice of Castile, Leonor was the granddaughter of King Denis and Elizabeth of Aragon and of Sancho IV of Castile and Maria de Molina and sister of King Peter I of Portugal.

Denis of Portugal
Denis (Latin: Dionysius Alphonsus, Portuguese: Dinis Afonso; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal from 1279 until his death in 1325.

Dinis was the eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second wife, Beatrice of Castile, and grandson of Afonso II of Portugal, Denis succeeded his father in 1279. He was married to Elizabeth of Aragon, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

Denis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near Leiria to prevent soil degradation that threatened the region, and to serve as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language.
Raffaele La Capria
Raffaele La Capria (3 October 1922 – 26 June 2022) was an Italian novelist and screenwriter.

His second novel, Ferito a morte (Mortal Wound), won Italy's most prestigious literary award, the Strega Prize, and is today considered a classic of Italian literature. Sandro Veronesi referred to it as "the best Italian novel of all time".

Viareggio Prize
The Viareggio Prize (Italian: Premio Viareggio or Premio Letterario Viareggio-Rèpaci) is an Italian literary prize, first awarded in 1930. Named after the Tuscan city of Viareggio, it was conceived by three friends, Alberto Colantuoni, Carlo Salsa and Leonida Repaci, to rival the Milanese Bagutta Prize.

The Viareggio-Versilia International Prize is also awarded by the jury each year to a prominent figure whose work fosters dialogue among peoples, advances social progress, and promotes peace.
LZMA
LZMA (Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm) is a lossless data compression algorithm developed since 1998 by Igor Pavlov, the developer of 7-Zip. It has been used in the 7z format of the 7-Zip archiver since 2001. This algorithm uses a dictionary compression scheme somewhat similar to the LZ77 algorithm published by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977 and features a high compression ratio (generally higher than bzip2) and a variable compression-dictionary size (up to 4 GB), while still maintaining decompression speed similar to other commonly used compression algorithms.

LZMA2 is a simple container format that allows multi-threaded compression and decompression using multiple separate LZMA streams. It is used in both in the 7z and the xz format.

Gzip
gzip is a file format and a file compression program. The program uses the Deflate algorithm to compress and decompress a single file using the gzip file format.

gzip was released in 1992 as a free software replacement for the compress program because its compression algorithm, LZW, was covered by patents from Unisys and IBM, which did not expire until 2003 and 2004. Jean-loup Gailly designed the gzip file format, which was later specified by RFC 1952, and originally wrote the gzip program. Mark Adler wrote the decompression part. gzip is now developed by the GNU project.

As the file format can be decompressed via a streaming algorithm, it is commonly used in stream-based technology such as Web protocols, data interchange and ETL (in standard pipes).
2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 800 metre freestyle
The women's 800 metre freestyle competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 20 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place. The last champion was Diana Munz of US.

This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening, and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning session.

2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 800 metre freestyle
The women's 800 metre freestyle competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 28 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Brooke Bennett of US.

This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once.
Day of Seven Billion
The Day of Seven Billion, 31 October 2011, is the day that was officially designated by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) as the approximate day on which the world's population reached seven billion people. United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon spoke at the United Nations building in New York City on this new milestone in the size of world population and the issues that it will raise, along with promoting the UNFPA's new program named 7 Billion Actions, which will seek to "build global awareness around the opportunities and challenges associated with a world of seven billion people" and inspire individuals and organizations to take action. It was succeeded by the Day of Eight Billion on 15 November 2022.

United Nations Population Fund
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide. Its work includes developing national healthcare strategies and protocols, increasing access to birth control, and leading campaigns against child marriage, gender-based violence, obstetric fistula, and female genital mutilation.

The UNFPA supports programs in more than 144 countries across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. Around three-quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a founding member of the United Nations Development Group, a collection of UN agencies and programmes focused on fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Katy Mills
Katy Mills is a shopping mall in Katy, Texas, within the Houston metropolitan area, gradually growing into a premier tourist destination on the west side of Houston. It was developed by The Mills Corporation and is now managed by Simon Property Group, who owns 62.5% of it. The mall opened on October 28, 1999 and hosts a variety of over 174 stores. Katy Mills has over 1.2 million square feet (112,000 m2) of retail space.

Sterling Jewelers
Sterling Jewelers, Inc. is an American specialty jewelry company headquartered in Akron, Ohio through the Fairlawn suburb. The company was founded in 1910 by Henry Shaw (the father of Jerry Shaw, Sterling's chairman emeritus), at LeRoy's Jewelers in Lorain, Ohio.  Sterling Jewelers is a wholly owned subsidiary of UK-based Signet Jewelers Limited (listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SIG), having been acquired in 1987.
Dioscorea orizabensis
Dioscorea orizabensis is a species of yam in the family Dioscoreaceae. It is native to the Jalisco and Veracruz states of Mexico. The plant is a climbing tuberous geophyte which grows in mountain forests.

Yam (vegetable)
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers (some other species in the genus being toxic).

Yams are perennial herbaceous vines native to Africa, Asia, and the Americas and cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions. The tubers themselves, also called "yams", come in a variety of forms owing to numerous cultivars and related species.
Joseph S. Iseman
Joseph S. Iseman (May 29, 1916 – April 25, 2006) was an American attorney and educator known for his work with National Television, Children's Television Workshop, also known as Sesame Workshop, and Bennington College (where he stepped in as acting president in 1976), as well as the American University of Paris, where he served for a time as the vice chair. As a lawyer at the firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Iseman notably managed the estates of composer Cole Porter, writer Vladimir Nabokov, writer Jean Stafford, poet Robert Lowell, writer A. J. Liebling, artist Robert Motherwell, writer and historian Theodore H. White, Saturday Review and its editor Norman Cousins, and playwright Arthur Miller.  He was also the father of New York City businessman Frederick Iseman.

Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (known as Paul, Weiss) is an American multinational white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City.

The firm historically focused on litigation, but shifted towards corporate law after Brad Karp became chairman in 2008. The firm has offices in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Wilmington, Toronto, London, Brussels, Tokyo, and Hong Kong.
Shane Ronayne
Shane Ronayne (born 29 September 1979) is a Gaelic football manager whose first senior inter-county management job, since January 2021, was as manager of the Waterford county team, his father's native county. He resigned after eight months, having managed Waterford to an opening round exit from the 2021 Munster SFC against Limerick and a solitary competitive win against Wexford in the NFL's Division 4.

Before taking charge of the Waterford footballers, he led the Tipperary ladies' Gaelic football team to four national titles during four years in charge. Ronayne took over a team playing Division Three league football and intermediate championship, he left the team as it was about to begin a third year in Division One of the National League and a second year of senior championship.

Ronayne began managing in 2005.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
The China Hustle
The China Hustle is a 2017 financial documentary film produced by Magnolia Pictures and directed by Jed Rothstein. It reveals systematic and formulaic decades-long securities fraud by Chinese companies listed on the US stock market.

Many of the film's protagonists such as  Dan David and Jon Carnes are activist shareholders and due diligence professionals who discovered the frauds, including fabricated accounting and brazen misrepresentations, and subsequently shorted the stock in order to bring about the collapse of the entities which often led to class action lawsuits, NASDAQ delistment, and SEC deregistration.

Muddy Waters Research
Muddy Waters Research LLC is an American investment research firm known for activist short selling. It was founded in 2010 by investor Carson Block. The firm publishes due‑diligence reports on publicly traded companies and, through its affiliated investment adviser Muddy Waters Capital LLC, often takes positions consistent with its research.

It has exposed accounting problems and fraud at several companies, primarily in China but also in other countries in Asia, Europe and North America.
Billy Wells (American football)
William Prescott Wells (December 7, 1931 – December 25, 2001) was an American professional football player who was a halfback in the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans from 1951 to 1954. Wells played in the NFL for the Washington Redskins (1954, 1956-1957), Pittsburgh Steelers (1957), and the Philadelphia Eagles (1958).  He played in the AFL for the Boston Patriots (1960).

Altadena, California
Altadena (/ˌɑːltəˈdiːnə/pronunciationⓘAL-tə-DEE-nə) is an unincorporated area, and census-designated place in the San Gabriel Valley and the Verdugos regions of Los Angeles County, California. Directly north of Pasadena, it is located approximately 14 miles (23 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. Its population was 42,846 at the 2020 census, up slightly from a 2010 figure of 42,777. In early 2025, the community was severely impacted by the Eaton Fire.
Essendon Doutta Stars Football Club
The Essendon Doutta Stars Football Club is an Australian rules football club located 10 km north west of Melbourne in the suburb of Essendon, and affiliated with the Essendon District Football League in 1946.

Essendon, Victoria
Essendon  (/ɛsəndən/) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north-west of Melbourne's central business district. It is located within the City of Moonee Valley local government area. Essendon recorded a population of 21,240 at the 2021 census.

Essendon is bounded in the west by Hoffmans Road, in the north by Keilor Road and Woodland Street, in the east by the Moonee Ponds Creek, and in the south by Buckley Street (with a small portion further south bordering Moonee Ponds).
1948 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1948 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1948. Former Democratic governor Gordon Browning once again sought the party's nomination for governor. In the hardly fought primary, Browning comfortably defeated Governor Jim Nance McCord. In the general election, Browning easily defeated Republican nominee Roy Acuff, a famous country musician, with 66.9% of the vote.

Before this election, Gordon Browning was last elected governor of Tennessee in 1936. He lost his re-election primary in 1938, and he failed the first time to defeat Governor McCord in 1946.

1938 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1938 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1938. Democratic governor Gordon Browning lost his re-election bid in the primary and was defeated by Democratic nominee Prentice Cooper. In the general election, Cooper defeated Republican nominee Howard Baker Sr. with 71.7% of the vote.