hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Review
Psychological Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers psychological theory. It was established by James Mark Baldwin (Princeton University) and James McKeen Cattell (Columbia University) in 1894 as a publication vehicle for psychologists not connected with the laboratory of G. Stanley Hall (Clark University), who often published in his American Journal of Psychology. Psychological Review soon became the most prominent and influential psychology journal in North America, publishing important articles by William James, John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and many others.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 8.934.

The journal has implemented the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines that provide structure to research planning and reporting and aim to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible.

American Journal of Psychology
The  American Journal of Psychology  is a journal devoted primarily to experimental psychology.  It is the first such journal to be published in the English language (though Mind, founded in 1876, published some experimental psychology earlier). AJP was founded by the Johns Hopkins University psychologist Granville Stanley Hall in 1887.  This quarterly journal has distributed several groundbreaking papers in psychology. The AJP investigates the science of behavior and the mind, releasing reports of original research based on experimental psychology, theoretical presentations, combined theoretical and experimental analyses, historical commentaries, and detailed reviews of well-known books.
Teaching philosophy
The teaching philosophy of a candidate for an academic position, sometimes referred to as a teaching philosophy statement, is a written statement of the candidate's general personal views on teaching. Colleges and universities that advertise a position whose duties require teaching often require the applicant to submit a teaching philosophy with the application.

Teaching philosophy statements are becoming increasingly required in the attainment of teaching positions. Teaching philosophy statement often attempts to express what methods of teaching the candidate practices and what educational styles they intend to make use of. They are generally reviewed and updated as educators gain more experience to reflect their current views and beliefs.

Teaching
Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.

Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.
Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
Equestrian sports were first included in the Olympic Games in the Summer Olympics of 1900 in Paris. They were again included in 1912, and have been included in every subsequent edition of the Games. Currently, the Olympic equestrian disciplines are dressage, eventing, and show jumping. In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded. Since the XV Olympiad in Helsinki in 1952, women and men compete on equal terms.

It is the only Olympic event that involves animals. The horses are considered to be athletes as much as the riders.

The international governing body for equestrian sports is the Fédération Équestre Internationale. The first Olympics held under its authority were in 1924. Since that time, Germany has established itself as the leading power in equestrian competitions.

Half-pass
The half-pass is a lateral movement seen in dressage, in which the horse moves forward and sideways at the same time. Unlike the easier leg-yield, the horse is bent in the direction of travel, slightly around the rider's inside leg. The outside hind and forelegs should cross over the inside legs, with the horse's body parallel to the arena wall and his forehand leading. The horse should remain forward, balanced, and bent, moving with cadence. The inside hind leg remains engaged throughout the half-pass, and the horse should not lose its rhythm.

The half-pass is a variation of haunches-in (travers), executed on a diagonal line instead of along the wall.  At higher levels it is used to perform a counter-change of hand, combining  more than two half-passes with changes of direction in a zig-zag pattern.
Gao Han
Gao Han (Chinese: 高 寒; born 3 July 1971) is a Chinese former track and field sprinter who competed in the 100 metres. He holds a personal best of 11.26 seconds, set in 1992. Gao was the Chinese national champion in the event in 1992 and won a bronze medal at the 1993 East Asian Games behind Wang Huei-Chen and Xiao Yehua.

She represented China at the 1992 Summer Olympics, reaching the quarter-finals of the women's 100 m and running in the first round of the 4 × 100 metres relay with teammates Tian Yumei, Chen Zhaojing, and Xiao Yehua. Relay gold came later that year for the quartet at the 1992 IAAF World Cup.

Wang Huei-chen
Wang Huei-chen (Chinese: 王惠珍; pinyin: Wáng Huì-zhēn; born 21 February 1970) is a former Taiwanese track and field athlete, who specialized in sprinting events. She twice represented her country at the Summer Olympics (1992 and 1996). Wang also competed at three World Championships in Athletics and three IAAF World Indoor Championships (1991, 1993 and 1995).

She was a medalist at three editions of the Asian Athletics Championships and won four medals at the Asian Games during her career, including the 200 metres gold medal at the 1994 Asian Games. She was the 1991 Summer Universiade champion in the 200 m and is a former Asian record holder for the event with her personal best of 22.56 seconds, set in 1992. This time remains Taiwanese record for the 200 m and she also holds the record for the 4 × 100 m relay.
2021 Calypso Lemonade 200
The 2021 Calypso Lemonade 200 was the 12th stock car race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series season, the sixth race of the 2021 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the 26th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 31, in Winchester, Indiana at Winchester Speedway, a 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) permanent, oval-shaped, high-banked racetrack. The race was extended from 200 laps to 205 laps due to a green–white–checker finish. After Corey Heim would spin within the closing laps of the race, Ty Gibbs would defend against a charging Greg Van Alst to win his 15th ARCA Menards Series career win, his seventh of the season, and his second consecutive win. To fill out the podium, Heim would come back to finish third.

Calypso Lemonade 200 (Winchester)
The Calypso Lemonade 200 was an ARCA Menards Series race held at the Winchester Speedway in Winchester, Indiana. It was originally 50 miles, then increased to 63 miles, then 75, then 100, then 125, and then back down to 100.
Divertimento for String Trio (Mozart)
The Divertimento for String Trio in E♭ major, K. 563, is a string trio written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788, the year in which he completed his last three symphonies (nos. 39–41) and his "Coronation" Piano Concerto. It is his last divertimento and different from his other divertimenti not only in its instrumentation but also in its compositorial ambition and scope.

The work was completed in Vienna on 27 September 1788 and is dedicated to Michael von Puchberg, a friend and fellow Freemason, who lent money to Mozart. The premiere was in Dresden on April 13, 1789, with Anton Teyber taking the violin part, Mozart playing viola and Antonín Kraft playing cello. At the time Mozart was conducting a tour of German cities, on his way to Berlin (see Mozart's Berlin journey).

Piano Concerto No. 26 (Mozart)
The Piano Concerto No. 26 in D major, K. 537, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and completed on 24 February 1788. It is generally known as the Coronation Concerto.

The concerto is scored for solo piano, one flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani (in D, A), and strings.

The autograph manuscript of the concerto is preserved in the Morgan Library & Museum.
Berra Tor
Berra Tor (grid reference SX553679) is a granite tor on the south western edge of Dartmoor. It is only 132 metres above sea level so is one of the lowest tors on Dartmoor. It is quite isolated and hidden from everywhere else and is generally quite unknown. It juts out of some trees and resembles more of a rock than an outcrop on a hill, like Great Mis Tor and Yes Tor that also provide views. Its nearest settlement of size is Buckland Monachorum.

Great Mis Tor
Great Mis Tor is a hill with a rocky outcrop situated in Dartmoor. It has been called one of the grandest hills in Devon, and lies above the River Walkham, about 4 miles north-east of Princetown.

There is a notable rock basin on the peak, called the Mis Tor Pan or The Devil's Frying Pan.

The hill and surrounding area is on land owned by the Duchy of Cornwall, which is leased to the army. There have been cases of deaths and injury to the public caused by unexploded munitions in the area.
1891 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1891 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1891 college football season. The team finished with a 12–1 record. The Tigers recorded 12 shutouts and outscored opponents by a combined total of 391 to 0 in their first 12 games. The team's sole loss was in the final game of the season by a 19–0 score against Yale.

Three Princeton players, quarterback Philip King, fullback Sheppard Homans, Jr., and guard Jesse Riggs, were consensus first-team honorees on the 1891 College Football All-America Team.

Sheppard Homans Jr.
Sheppard "Shep" Homans Jr. (September 24, 1871 – March 30, 1952) was an All-American football player and insurance executive.  He was selected as an All-American at the fullback position while playing for Princeton University in both 1890 and 1891.
Galilaei (Martian crater)
Galilaei is a large impact crater on Mars in the region known as Margaritifer Terra. The crater is in the southern part of the Oxia Palus quadrangle (MC-11) at 5.7°N 333.0°E.  Galilaei is located north of Hydaspis Chaos in the area east of Tiu Valles and west of Ares Vallis.  The crater was named after the Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei.  Galilaei is one of the numerous large craters that formed during the Noachian Period, which ended around 3.7 billion years ago.  The crater floor was modified by superficial geologic processes through Late Hesperian time, as mapped by Tanaka, K.L. and others.

Tiu Valles
The Tiu Valles /ˈtiːuː ˈvæliːz/ are an outflow channel system in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, centered at 16.23° North and 34.86° West.

They are 1,720 km (1,070 mi)  long and were named after the word for "Mars" in Old English (West Germanic).

Tographic map of Oxia Palus region of Mars showing the location of a number of chaos regions and valleys, including the Tiu Valles

Viking Orbiter 1 image of a distal (northern) part of Tiu Valles, showing where it divides to go around the craters Lydda and Kipini.

The Tiu Valles, as seen by HiRISE. Ridges were probably formed by running water (scale bar is 1.0 km)
2015–16 División de Honor Femenina de Hockey Hierba
The 2015–16 División de Honor was the 79th season of the División de Honor, Spain's premier field hockey league for women. It began on 24 September 2016 and concluded on 20 May 2017.

Club de Campo were the defending champions.

División de Honor Femenina de Hockey Hierba
The División de Honor de Hockey Hierba Femenino is the top level of women's field hockey in Spain. It was established in 1933 as Primera División changing its name to current División de Honor in 1986. It's managed by the Real Federación Española de Hockey.
Transhuman
Transhuman, or trans-human, is the concept of an intermediary form between human and posthuman. In other words, a transhuman is a being that resembles a human in most respects but who has powers and abilities beyond those of standard humans. These abilities might include improved intelligence, awareness, strength, and/or durability. Transhumans appear in science-fiction, sometimes as cyborgs or genetically-enhanced humans.

Cyborg
A cyborg (/ˈsaɪbɔːrɡ/) is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. It is a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. In contrast to biorobots and androids, the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has undergone restoration of function or enhancements of abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback.
1999 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The 1999 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from 4 October until 10 October 1999. Unseeded Arnaud di Pasquale won the singles title.

Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia or International Championships of Sicily, also known as the Palermo Open, was a combined men's and women's clay court tennis tournament founded in 1935 and played annually at the Circolo Tennis Palermo in Palermo in Italy. In 1971 the women's event was discontinued leaving just the men's event that ran until 2006.
Highest and best use
Highest and best use (or highest or best use; HBU) is a concept in real estate appraisal that originated with early economists such as Irving Fisher, who conceptualized the idea of maximum productivity.

According to the doctrine of "highest and best use," in any case where the market value of real property is sought, that value must be based on that use that would produce the highest value for a property, regardless of its actual current use.

Market value
Market value or OMV (open market valuation) is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Market value is often used interchangeably with open market value, fair value or fair market value, although these terms have distinct definitions in different standards, and differ in some circumstances.
Rudaki, Tajikistan
Rudaki (Russian: Рудаки; Tajik: Рӯдакӣ/رودکی) is a jamoat in western Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Panjakent in the Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 15,039 (2015). It consists of 13 villages, including Kuloli (the seat), Artuch, Neknot and Yakkakhona.

The village, once a part of Persia, is the birthplace of the poet Rudaki.

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Catherine River (Victoria)
The Catherine River, a perennial river of the North-East Murray catchment of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Alpine region of Victoria, Australia. It flows northwards in the Alpine National Park in the Australian Alps, joining with the Buffalo River in remote national park territory.

Alpine National Park
The Alpine National Park is a national park located in the Central Highlands and Alpine regions of Victoria, Australia. The 646,000-hectare (1,600,000-acre) national park is located northeast of Melbourne. It is the largest National Park in Victoria, and covers much of the higher areas of the Great Dividing Range in Victoria, including Victoria's highest point, Mount Bogong at 1,986 metres (6,516 ft) and the associated subalpine woodland and grassland of the Bogong High Plains. The park's north-eastern boundary is along the border with New South Wales, where it abuts the Kosciuszko National Park. On 7 November 2008 the Alpine National Park was added to the Australian National Heritage List as one of eleven areas constituting the Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves.
Shahsevan
The Shahsevan (Azerbaijani: شاهسِوَن; Persian: شاهسون) are a number of Azerbaijani Turkish-speaking or Shahsevani dialect-speaking (sometimes considered to be its own dialect distinct from others like Azerbaijani) Turkic groups that live in northwestern Iran, mainly inhabiting the districts of Mughan, Ardabil, Kharaqan and Khamsa.

Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (Russian: Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; 5 February [O.S. 24 February] 1877 – 25 March 1966) was a White Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Lurs, and Kurds in addition to the Kartvelian Laz people.
Llechfaen
Llechfaen is a village about 2 miles east of Brecon, Powys, Wales, in the foothills between the Brecon Beacons to the west and the Black Mountains to the east.

The surrounding villages include Groesffordd, Llanywern and Llanfihangel Tal-y-llyn to the east.

Groesffordd
Groesffordd is a small village within the community of Llanfrynach in the county of Powys, Wales, and the historic county of Brecknockshire. The Welsh name signifies the 'crossroads'.  It lies just to the east of Brecon straddling the northern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park.  The village sits just to the north of the A40 road between Brecon and Crickhowell and north of the River Usk and Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal. The track of the former Brecon and Merthyr Railway runs through the village

The population of the whole community (not just Groesffordd) as taken at the 2011 census was 571.
The Elstree Project
The Elstree Project is an oral history project which began in 2010, interviewing cast and crew members who worked at Elstree Studios. The project is conducted by Howard Berry, a Principal Lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire, and formerly involved Elstree Screen Heritage as a partner.  The project is endorsed by the BECTU History Project and Elstree Film Studios.

Christiane Kubrick
Christiane Susanne Kubrick (née Harlan; born 10 May 1932) is a German actress and painter. She was born into a theatrical family (her uncle was the film director Veit Harlan), and was the third wife of filmmaker Stanley Kubrick from 1958 until his death in 1999.
1981 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1981 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 1 March 1981 and ended on 17 March 1981.

Connacht were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Leinster in the semi-final.

On 17 March 1981, Munster won the cup after a 2–16 to 2–06 defeat of Leinster in the final at Cusack Park. This was their 35th Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1978.

1980 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1980 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 54th series of the Railway Cup, an annual hurling tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association. The tournament took place between 17 February and 17 March 1980.

The championship was won by Connacht who secured the title following a 1-5 to 0-7 defeat of Munster in the final. This was their 2nd Railway Cup title, their first since 1947.

Leinster were the defending champions, however, they were defeated at the semi-final stage.
Exempt market dealer
Exempt market dealer (EMD) is a Canadian financial regulatory category of broker-dealer that is allowed to deal in exempt market securities across the country. Unlike other dealer types they have less regulation and are not required be a member of a self-regulatory organization such as the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC) but still need to be registered and still have the same know your customer (KYC) requirements as other brokers.

Accredited investor
An accredited or sophisticated investor is an investor with a special status under financial regulation laws. The definition of an accredited investor (if any), and the consequences of being classified as such, vary between countries. Generally, accredited investors include high-net-worth individuals, banks, financial institutions, and other large corporations, who have access to complex and higher-risk investments such as venture capital, hedge funds, and angel investments.

Laws may require that some types of financial offerings may only be made to accredited investors.
Warsaw Shore series 21
The twenty-first series of Warsaw Shore, a Polish television programme based in Warsaw, Poland was announced in July 2024, and began airing on 22 September 2024. The series was filmed in Szczecin and Berlin, Germany. This is also the first series not to include Lena Majewska, Magda Pawińska and Olaf Majewski after their departures the previous season. The series also featured the return of Oliwia Dziatkiewicz. It will be also the first series to include four new cast members Adam Mikołajczyk, Julita Izdebska, Łukasz Budyń and Michał Sewera. Original cast member Ewelina Kubiak returned to the show as the boss replacing Jakub "Ptyś" Henke. This was the final series to feature Patryk Spiker following his decision to quit the show. Bellydah Victoria and Fabio de Pasquale from Germany Shore appeared as special guests.

Warsaw Shore
Warsaw Shore or Warsaw Shore: Ekipa z Warszawy is a Polish reality television series broadcast on MTV Poland. Based in Warsaw, it was first broadcast on 10 November 2013, and is the Polish spin-off of the American show Jersey Shore.

On June 11, 2025 MTV confirmed that the show has ended after twenty-one seasons and will not be continued. The series’ final episode aired on December 22, 2024. 267 episodes were produced.
Ted Rogers (comedian)
Edward George Rodgers (20 July 1935 – 2 May 2001) was an English comedian and light entertainment host who started his career as a Redcoat entertainer. He was best known for hosting the Yorkshire Television game show 3-2-1 from 1978 to 1988.

Pye Records
Pye Records is an independent British record label. It was first established in 1955 and played a major role in shaping rock 'n' roll and pop music history, with artists including Lonnie Donegan (1956–1969), Petula Clark (1957–1971), the Searchers (1963–1967), the Kinks (1964–1971), Sandie Shaw (1964–1971), Status Quo (1968–1971) and Brotherhood of Man (1975–1979). In 1980, the Pye name was dropped due to trademark issues, and the label changed its name to PRT Records (distributing as Precision Records & Tapes). In 2006, the label was briefly reactivated as Pye Records.

In September 2024, the Pye company name and trademark was acquired by the Scottish broadcaster and music producer Tony Currie, who relaunched the label with vinyl records pressed at Sea Bass Vinyl's wind-powered pressing plant in Tranent, Scotland.
Thinobadistes
Thinobadistes is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Mylodontidae endemic to North America during the Miocene-Pliocene epochs (Hemphillian). It lived from 10.3 to 4.9 mya, existing for approximately 5.4 million years.

Thinobadistes and Pliometanastes were the first of the giant sloths to appear in N. America. Both Pliometanastes and Thinobadistes were in N. America before the Panamanian Land Bridge formed around 2.5 million years ago.  It is then reasonable to presume that the ancestors of Thinobadistes island-hopped across the Central American Seaway from South America, where sloths in general first evolved.

Levy County, Florida
Levy County (/ˈliːvi/ LEE-vee) is a county located in the North central Florida part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,915. Its county seat is Bronson. It has been included in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area since 2018.