hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tanks of the Soviet Union
This article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Soviet Union and its successor state, the Russian Federation; from their first use after World War I, into the interwar period, during World War II, the Cold War and modern era.

Amphibious vehicle
An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian) is a vehicle that works both on land and on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles, and hovercraft.

Classic landing craft are not amphibious vehicles as they do not work on land, although they are part of amphibious warfare. Ground effect vehicles, such as ekranoplans, would likely crash on any but the flattest of landmasses so are also not considered to be amphibious vehicles.
Giovanni Battista Mancini
Giovanni Battista Mancini (1 January 1714 – 4 January 1800) was an Italian soprano castrato, voice teacher, and author of books on singing.

Mancini was born at Ascoli Piceno, Italy. He studied singing in  Naples with Leonardo Leo and in Bologna with Antonio Bernacchi. He also studied composition and counterpoint there with Giovanni Battista Martini.

He began his singing career when he was 16, appearing in both Italy and Germany. His even greater success as a teacher led to an invitation in 1757 by Empress Maria Theresia of Austria to become "k. k. Cammer-Musicus" and thereby teach her daughters singing. In 1774 in Vienna he published an important book on singing Pensieri, e riflessioni pratiche sopra il canto figurato. His views and publications brought him into conflict with another voice teacher, Vincenzo Manfredini. He remained in Vienna and died there as "Retired Singing Master", leaving behind a considerable fortune.

Antonio Bernacchi
Antonio Bernacchi (21 June 1685 – 1 March 1756) was an Italian castrato, composer, and teacher of singing. He studied with Francesco Antonio Pistocchi. His pupils included Farinelli, for a brief period during 1727, and the tenor Anton Raaff. Nowadays Bernacchi is best remembered for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in six of whose operas he sang.
Pâté aux pommes de terre
The pâté aux pommes de terre, pronounced [pɑte o pɔm də tɛʁ] (Occitan: pastís de patanas), or pâté de pommes de terre is a speciality of the Centre-Val de Loire, Limousin and Allier (Bourbonnais) regions in Central France. It can be served either as a side dish or as the main course. Today it is often eaten with a green salad. Its main ingredients are potato slices and crème fraîche, which are used to fill a puff pastry crust. The pie is then baked in the oven until the dish is covered with a golden-brown crust.

There are different ways to prepare the pâté aux pommes de terre, and the seasonings vary from family to family. Parsley and onion are common ingredients in the Allier, while the use of garlic and meat is common in the Limousin, Haute-Vienne, and Creuse.

Before potatoes began to be used widely in France in the 19th century, this dish was made with leftover bread dough and was baked with a simple garnish of chopped garlic, flat-leaved parsley, and fatty bacon.

Crème fraîche
Crème fraîche (English: /ˌkrɛmˈfrɛʃ/, French: [kʁɛm fʁɛːʃ] ⓘ, lit. 'fresh cream') is a dairy product similar to sour cream; it is a soured cream containing 10–45% butterfat, with a pH of approximately 4.5. It is soured with a bacterial culture. European labeling regulations specify the two ingredients must be cream and bacterial culture. It is served over fruit and baked goods, as well as being added to soups and sauces. It is used in a variety of other recipes. Sour cream is a similar foodstuff, except that crème fraîche is less sour and has a higher fat content. Sour cream may contain thickening agents not permitted in crème fraîche in many jurisdictions.
Chatsworth Peak
Chatsworth Peak is a peak in the Simi Hills overlooking (to the east) Chatsworth and the western San Fernando Valley, in Los Angeles, Southern California.  It is southwest of Santa Susana Pass and north of the Chatsworth Reservoir.

Chatsworth Peak has an elevation of 2,313 feet (705 m).

Nearby are Simi Peak in the western Simi Hills, and Oat Mountain in the Santa Susana Mountains.

Santa Susana Mountains
The Santa Susana Mountains are a transverse range of mountains in Southern California, United States, north of the city of Los Angeles. The range runs east-west, separating the San Fernando and Simi valleys on its south from the Santa Clara River Valley to the north and the Santa Clarita Valley to the northeast. The Oxnard Plain is to the west of the Santa Susana Mountains.
1926 East Ham North by-election
The 1926 East Ham North by-election of 29 April 1926 was held after the death of the Conservative politician and Member of Parliament (MP) Charles Williamson Crook. Labour took the seat in the by-election. with a majority of 1,627

East Ham North
East Ham North was a parliamentary constituency centred on the East Ham district of London, which was in Essex until 1965.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.
Isaac Graham
Isaac Graham (April 15, 1800 – November 8, 1863) was a fur trader, mountain man, and land grant owner in 19th century California.

In 1830, he joined a hunting and trapping party at Fort Smith, Arkansas that included George Nidever. Graham attended the Rendezvous at Pierre's Hole and took part in the battle of Pierre's Hole, in present-day Idaho.

From there, Graham's path to California is unclear. He may have joined Joseph R. Walker's party, or joined one of the groups led by Ewing Young. His son later claimed that Graham came by way of Oregon, while his daughter said he took a southern route through Chihuahua.

The next positive evidence finds him at Natividad on the Rancho La Natividad, northeast of present-day Salinas, in Mexican Alta California. With partners Henry Naile and William Ware, Graham established a distillery to supplement declining incomes from fur trading, owing to dwindling numbers of sea otters from the Central Coast.

Joseph R. Walker
Joseph R. Walker (December 13, 1798 – October 27, 1876) was a mountain man and experienced scout. He established the segment of the California Trail, the primary route for the emigrants to the gold fields during the California gold rush, from Fort Hall, Idaho to the Truckee River.  The Walker River and Walker Lake in Nevada were named for him by John C. Frémont.
Sukari mine
The Sukari mine or Alsukari mine (Arabic: السكري Al-Sukkari, Egyptian pronunciation: El-Sokkari) is a gold mine located in the Nubian Desert/Eastern Desert, 25km from Marsa Alam, on the Red Sea, in Egypt. The Sukari mine is Egypt's first modern gold mine.

Egypt was known in the ancient world as being a source of gold, and one of the earliest available maps shows a gold mine at this location.

Today. Sukari is a combination of an open-pit mine mine and an underground mine. The site is supplied by a 30km-long pipeline bringing water from the Red Sea.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Transport in Pakistan
Transport in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکِستان میں نقل و حمل) is extensive and varied. In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways which have improved trade and logistics within the country. Pakistan's rail network is also undergoing expansion in recent years. Airports and seaports have been built with the addition of foreign and domestic funding. Transportation challenges in Pakistan are escalating due to poor planning, inadequate governance, and corrupt practices.

Zahedan
Zahedan (Balochi and Persian: زاهدانⓘ; [zɒːheˈd̪ɒːn]) is a city in the Central District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is near the borderlands between Iran and Pakistan in an area inhabited by Baloch people.
Mummy and Daddy
Mummy and Daddy is the fifteenth studio album by power electronics band Whitehouse, released in early 1998 through Susan Lawly. The album mostly focuses on domestic violence and is considered by many to be one of the band's darkest recordings. The cover art was illustrated by Trevor Brown, who previously worked with the band for their albums Quality Time, Halogen, and Twice Is Not Enough.

Quality Time (album)
Quality Time is the fourteenth studio album by power electronics band Whitehouse, released in 1995 through their Susan Lawly label. The cover art was illustrated by Trevor Brown, who made artwork for the band's previous album, Halogen, and their 1991 album, Twice Is Not Enough. The album was reissued on vinyl format in 2009 through Very Friendly.

The track "Baby" is composed solely of samples of baby noises. When Quality Time was uploaded to the music sharing website MP3.com, the track stirred controversy within the website's community, with users calling the band "extremely pretentious" and the track "one of the worst forms of electronic creations [they'd] ever heard".
The First Queen
The First Queen (Korean: 뮤지컬 선덕여왕) is a musical about Queen Seondeok of the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla. It was adapted from the television series "The Great Queen Seondeok". It debuted at Woori Art Hall in Olympic Park, Seoul in January 2010 as South Korea's first original musical.

Lee So-jung starred as Seondeok, Cha Ji-yeon as Mishil, and Kang Tae-eul as the queen's lover, Bisham.

Queen Seondeok of Silla
Queen Seondeok (Korean: 선덕여왕 Korean pronunciation: [sʌn.dʌk jʌ.waŋ]; Unknown  – 20 February [O.S. 17 February] 647; 8th day of the 1st lunar month of the 14th year of Inpyeong [인평 14년 정월 8일; 仁平14年正月8日]) reigned as Queen Regnant of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 632 to 647. She was Silla's twenty-seventh ruler, and its first reigning queen. In the Samguk sagi, Queen Seondeok was described as "generous, benevolent, wise, and smart". According to the Legend of Jigwi, she was also beautiful.
John Cook (speedway rider)
John Kenneth Cook (born December 18, 1958, in Van Nuys, California) is an American former international motorcycle speedway rider. He  represented the USA in three World Team Cup finals and earned 49 caps for the United States national speedway team.

1984 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1984 Speedway World Team Cup was the 25th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.

The final took place at the Stadion Alfreda Smoczyka, in Leszno, Poland. Denmark easily won their fourth title, winning by 20 clear points in the final.
Port Kembla Blacks
The Port Kembla Blacks (or Port Kembla Rugby League Football Club) were a Rugby League team from Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia that competed in the Illawarra Rugby League competition from 1914 to 2008 before moving to the Group 7 Rugby League competition from 2013 to 2017. After withdrawing from first grade competition in 2018, the team endures as a junior league rugby squad.

Clayton Cup
The Clayton Cup is a trophy that was awarded by the Country Rugby League to the NSW country rugby league team with the best overall record for that season. To be eligible, the team must win the highest level of competition in its region. Usually the winner of the Clayton Cup goes through the season undefeated. In late 2019, the Country Rugby League was absorbed by the New South Wales Rugby League.

The Cup was donated by Reub Clayton, an early rugby league administrator in country NSW. The cup was first awarded in 1937 to West Tamworth. Since then, the Tweed Heads Seagulls, Grafton Ghosts, North Tamworth Bears and Cobar Roosters have been the most successful clubs, each winning the trophy three times.
U.S. Military connector specifications
Electrical or fiber-optic connectors used by U.S. Department of Defense were originally developed in the 1930s for severe aeronautical and tactical service applications, and the Type "AN" (Army-Navy) series set the standard for modern military circular connectors. These connectors, and their evolutionary derivatives, are often called Military Standard, "MIL-STD", or (informally) "MIL-SPEC" or sometimes "MS" connectors. They are now used in aerospace, industrial, marine, and even automotive commercial applications.

Crimp (joining)
Crimping is a method of joining two or more pieces of metal or other ductile material by deforming one or both of them to hold the other. The bend or deformity is called the crimp. Crimping tools are used to create crimps.

Crimping is used extensively in metalworking, including to contain bullets in cartridge cases, for electrical connections, and for securing lids on metal food cans. Because it can be a cold-working technique, crimping can also be used to form a strong bond between the workpiece and a non-metallic component. It is also used to connect two pieces of dough used for food.
Lapachu language
Lapachu, also known as Apolista or Aguachile,: 315  is an extinct Arawakan language of Bolivia. Aikhenvald (1999) classifies it together with Terena, Moxos, and related languages. It is not clear from surviving descriptions whether it was one language or two.

Terêna language
Terêna or Etelena is an Arawakan language spoken by 15,000 Terenas. The language has a dictionary and written grammar. Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. About 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.

Terêna has an active–stative syntax and verb-object-subject as default word order.
Goldspur
Goldspur or Golden Spur is a Golden Delicious-like apple cultivar that is spur bearing. It is a very compact tree, dwarf and column growing.

It is compatible for cross pollination with: 'Dorsett Golden', 'Ein Shemer', 'Gala', 'Liberty', 'Prime Gold' and 'Spartan'. Needs a lot of maintenance, but is highly rewarding.

Liberty (apple)
Liberty is a hybrid apple cultivar developed by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station.  It was a seedling produced in 1955 from pollinating 'Macoun' from 'Purdue 54-12' for the sake of acquiring Malus floribunda disease resistances. It was first released to the public in 1978.
Carex lindleyana
Carex lindleyana is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of India, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.

It was described by the botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1834 as published in Contributions to the Botany of India. It has one synonym; Carex thyrsiflora.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Bangladesh Standard Time
Bangladesh Standard Time (BST; Bengali: বাংলাদেশ মান সময়) serves as the official time zone for Bangladesh. It operates six hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time and is observed uniformly across the country as a national standard. In 2009, Bangladesh briefly observed daylight saving time (DST) as a measure to address an ongoing electricity crisis. However, this decision was reversed by the government in 2010.

The official time signal of BST is determined based on the 90.00° E longitude. This meridian passes through the Harukandi Union, located in the Harirampur Upazila of the Manikganj District, within the Dhaka Division. In the IANA time zone database, BST is represented by the identifier Asia/Dhaka.

Time zone
A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it is convenient for areas in frequent communication to keep the same time.

Each time zone is defined by a standard offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The offsets range from UTC−12:00 to UTC+14:00, and are usually a whole number of hours, but a few zones are offset by an additional 30 or 45 minutes, such as in India and Nepal. Some areas in a time zone may use a different offset for part of the year, typically one hour ahead during spring and summer, a practice known as daylight saving time (DST).
Central subway (Boston)
Boston's central subway is the system of tunnels through which the MBTA Green Line operates light rail transit (LRT or "trolley") service in the urban core of the city.  The central subway comprises several tunnels built at different times, including the Tremont Street subway, the Boylston Street subway, and the Huntington Avenue subway.

Boston's subway operator, the MBTA, sometimes also refers to the Red Line and Orange Line heavy rail tunnels as part of the central subway tunnel.

Boylston Street subway
The Boylston Street subway is a rail tunnel which lies primarily under Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts.  In operation since 1914, it now carries all four branches of the MBTA Green Line from Kenmore Square under the Back Bay into downtown Boston, where it joins with the older Tremont Street subway. The tunnel originally ended just east of Kenmore Square; it was extended under the square to new portals at Blandford Street and Saint Mary's Street in 1932.: 44
Pluriblast
The pluriblast is a pluripotent population of cells in the embryogenesis of marsupials, called the inner cell mass in eutherians. The pluriblast is distinct from the trophoblast, and gives rise to the germ layers of the embryo, as well as extra embryonic endoderm and extra embryonic mesoderm.  Both the pluriblast and trophoblast arise from the totipotent cells of the early conceptus.  By definition, the pluriblast does not give rise to trophoblast cells during normal development, although it may retain this potential under experimental conditions.

In metatherians (marsupials), the pluriblast forms part of the blastocyst wall and no structure exists that can be described as an inner cell mass.  "Inner cell mass" is thus a morphological term peculiar to eutherian mammals, whereas "pluriblast" is a functional term more widely applicable to conserved aspects of mammalian development.

Germ layer
A germ layer, primary germinal layer, or germinal layer is a primary layer  of cells that forms during  animal embryonic development. Germ layers form during gastrulation, when the early embryo is formed of two or three layers of cells.

Sponges do not have a gastrulation stage and possess no true germ layers. They do though have two layers of cells separated by a gel-like mesohyl. Some aquatic invertebrates such as cnidarians, and comb jellies, develop from only two germ layers, an ectoderm and an endoderm, and are known as diploblasts. But most animals have a bilateral symmetry, and develop from three germ layers, an ectoderm, endoderm, and a middle layer of mesoderm, and are triploblastic.

Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the processes of histogenesis, and organogenesis.
Master drummer
In African drumming, the title of master drummer (alternatively called the lead drummer or mother drummer) is given to a drummer who is well known by other masters for their high skill and knowledge. It is a title passed down from a master to their pupil, after they have learned all there is to know about the African drum.

In general, a master drummer has given their whole life to the djembe and dunun. They are able to play any part of any rhythm for their ethnic group and neighbouring ethnic groups, in any ceremonial situation. They also know the songs and dances that go with each rhythm.  A drummer can play for twenty years before he or she is given the status of 'Master'.

Another type of master drummer is a person who leads other drummers in playing drum rhythms, e.g. in the French Caribbean styles, the master drummer may be called "kamande" in French Creole.

The master drummer can also lead the other drummers through a well known dance.

Rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan African music is characterised by a "strong rhythmic interest" that exhibits common characteristics in all regions of this vast territory, so that Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980) has described the many local approaches as constituting one main system. C. K. Ladzekpo also affirms the profound homogeneity of approach. West African rhythmic techniques carried over the Atlantic were fundamental ingredients in various musical styles of the Americas: samba, forró, maracatu and coco in Brazil, Afro-Cuban music and Afro-American musical genres such as blues, jazz, rhythm & blues, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock and roll were thereby of immense importance in 20th century popular music. The drum is renowned throughout Africa.
2011 Fórmula Truck season
The 2011 Fórmula Truck season was the 16th Fórmula Truck season, the South American championship began on February 27 at Santa Cruz do Sul, while Brazilian Championship on April 3 in Rio de Janeiro and ended on December 4 at Brasília after ten rounds.

Felipe Giaffone and Volkswagen won the title of South American and Brazilian championships.

Fórmula Truck
Fórmula Truck is a Brazilian Truck racing series promoted by GT Truck. It originally ran from 1996 until 2017, when it folded due to various disagreements, and was reorganized into the Copa Truck. The series returned in 2021 as a separate championship being promoted by GT Truck.
Tanshihuai
Tanshihuai (137–181) was a Xianbei chieftain who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty period of China. Under Tanshihuai the Xianbei became a unified polity and posed a constant threat to the Han dynasty's northern borders for many years. After his death, however, his state quickly fell apart as his grandsons failed to maintain the support of the tribes.

Bingzhou
Bingzhou, or Bing Province, was a location in ancient China. According to legend, when Yu the Great (c. 2200 BC–2100 BC) tamed the flood, he divided the land of China into the Nine Provinces. Historical texts such as the Rites of Zhou, and "Treatise on Geography" section (volume 28) of the Book of Han, recorded that Bingzhou was one of the Nine Provinces. Bingzhou covered roughly the areas around present-day Baoding, Hebei, and Taiyuan and Datong in Shanxi.
Trams in Moscow
The Moscow tramway network, which is divided into two sub-networks, is a key element of the public transport system in Moscow, the capital city of Russia. Opened in 1872, it has been operated since 1958 until 2021 by Mosgortrans, a state-owned company.

Voykovskaya (Moscow Metro)
Voykovskaya (Russian: Во́йковскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line. It was opened on 31 December 1964 along with two neighbouring stations to the north, Vodny Stadion and Rechnoy Vokzal. Passengers may make out-of-station transfers to Baltiyskaya station on the Moscow Central Circle; however, the walk between stations can take more than 20 minutes.

It was built according to the standardized pillar-trispan design, which was widely used in the 1960s as a cost-saving measure. The station's architects were I. Petukhova and A. Fokina. The entrance of the station is under the M10 highway.