hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Four Oaks, Sutton Coldfield
Four Oaks is an affluent residential area in Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, lying along the north and east borders of Sutton Park. Four Oaks is situated approximately 7+1⁄2 miles (12 kilometres) north of Birmingham City Centre, and is bordered by Sutton Park, Streetly, Mere Green, Little Aston and Sutton Coldfield Town Centre. Four Oaks has a population of 21,690 as of 2004, and is part of the Sutton Four Oaks electoral ward.

Sutton Park NNR
Sutton Park NNR is a large urban park located in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, West Midlands, England. The park is a National Nature Reserve; large parts are also a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Sutton Park is one of the largest urban parks in the United Kingdom. The park covers more than 2,200 acres (900 ha) according to one source. It consists of a mix of heathland, wetlands and marshes, seven lakes, extensive ancient woodlands (covering approximately a quarter of the park), several restaurants, a private 18-hole golf course on its western edge and a municipal golf course to the south, a donkey sanctuary (permanently closed), children's playgrounds and a Visitor Centre. There is no entrance charge to the Park (parking charges are under discussion). A wide range of leisure activities are undertaken in the park including dog walking, pony trekking, bike riding and kite flying and there are areas to fly model aeroplanes and helicopters. Additionally, a railway line runs through the park.
Assisted take-off
In aviation, assisted takeoff is any external system for helping aircraft (more specifically fixed-wing aircraft) to become airborne (take off) for flight, as opposed to doing so conventionally using strictly their own propulsion. The reasons assistance might be needed include: the combined weight of the aircraft and its payloads exceeding the maximum takeoff weight; insufficient engine power by design or malfunction, insufficient available runway length (such as on the flight deck of an aviation warship), or a combination of the above. Assisted takeoff is also required for gliders, which do not have any engine and thus are unable to propel themselves for takeoffs.

Takeoff
Takeoff or take-off is the phase of flight during which an aerial vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For space vehicles that launch vertically, this is known as liftoff.

For fixed-wing aircraft that take off horizontally (conventional takeoff), this usually involves an accelerating ground run (known as the roll) on a runway to build up speed so the wings can generate enough lift. For aerostats (balloons and airships), helicopters, tiltrotors (e.g. the V-22 Osprey) and thrust-vectoring STOVL fixed-wing aircraft (e.g. the Harrier jump jet and F-35B), a helipad/STOLport is sufficient and no runway is needed.
2022 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan) squads
This is a list of the squads of the seven franchise teams which will compete in the 2022 Kashmir Premier League, a 20-over cricket league. The draft took place on 21 July 2022 in Islamabad. The tournament will be held in Muzaffarabad.

2022 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan) players draft
The players draft for the 2022 Kashmir Premier League in Azad Kashmir took place on 21 July 2022. The players were divided into 7 categories: Icon, Platinum, Diamond, Gold, Silver, Emerging and Kashmiri. Each team chose 2 platinum players, 2 diamond players, 2 gold players, 4 silver players, 2 emerging players and 5 Kashmiri players. The 2022 KPL did not feature foreign players.
Stein's Peak Station
Stein's Peak Station, was one of the original stage stations of the Butterfield Overland Mail.  Its ruins are still to be seen in Doubtful Canyon, at an elevation of 4652 feet, northeast of Stein's Peak in Hidalgo County, New Mexico.  Stein's Peak Station, was 35 miles (56 km) east of Apache Pass Station and 42 miles (68 km) west of Soldier's Farewell Stage Station.  Later stations were located midway between these stations to provide water and changes of horse teams in the hot, arid climate.  These were San Simon Station to the west and Mexican Springs Station to the east of Lordsburg, New Mexico.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.
Vaalgras
Vaalgras (Afrikaans: pale grass) is a village in Namibia's ǁKaras Region. Located 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Keetmanshoop, the village is also home of the Vaalgras Traditional Authority. It is home to a community of the Oorlam people, a group descends from the OvaHerero, Nama and other groups.

Keetmanshoop
Keetmanshoop is the administrative capital of the ǁKaras Region in southern Namibia. It is named after Johann Keetman, a German industrialist and benefactor of the Rhenish Mission in the town. Keetmanshoop had a population of 27,862 people in 2023.
Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
The origins of the Hutu, Tutsi and Twa peoples is a major issue of controversy in the histories of Rwanda and Burundi, as well as the Great Lakes region of Africa. The relationship among the three modern populations is thus, in many ways, derived from the perceived origins and claim to "Rwandan-ness". The largest conflicts related to this question were the Rwandan genocide, the Burundian genocide (Hutu and Tutsi), and the First and Second Congo Wars.

Ugandan scholar Mahmoud Mamdani identifies at least four distinct foundations for studies that support the "distinct difference between Hutu and Tutsi" school of thought: phenotype and genotype, cultural memory of inhabitants of Rwanda, archeology, and linguistics.

Most Tutsis and Hutus both carry the Haplogroup E1b1a paternal haplogroup which is common among Bantu and most other Niger-Congo-speaking populations.

Hutu
The Hutu (/ˈhuːtuː/), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda where they form one of the principal ethnic groups alongside the Tutsi and the Great Lakes Twa.
Prunus kuramica
Prunus kuramica is a species of wild almond native to Afghanistan and mainly Pakistan. It is a dense shrub or tree 1 to 5 m tall, with purplish-red hypanthia and sepals, and white or pink petals. It prefers to grow in xeric woodlands with Quercus and Juniper species, typically in rocky ravines at 1800 to 2850 m above sea level. A genetic study showed that is closely related to Prunus bucharica, P. webbii and P. kotschyi, and a full genetic and morphological analysis shows that its closest relative is Prunus bucharica.

Prunus subg. Prunus
Prunus subg. Prunus is a subgenus of Prunus. This subgenus includes plums, apricots and bush cherries. Some species conventionally included in Prunus subg. Amygdalus are clustered with plum/apricot species according to molecular phylogenetic studies. Shi et al. (2013) has incorporated subg. Amygdalus into subg. Prunus, thereby including almonds and peaches in this subgenus. The species in this subgenus have solitary flowers or 2–3 in a fascicle.
Oka–Don Lowland
The Oka–Don Lowlands (Russian: Окско-Донская равнина) (also: Oka–Don Plain), is a flat plain in European Russia, bounded on the north by the Oka River (and the Meshchera Lowlands), on the south by the Don River, on the west by the Central Russian Upland, and on the east by the Volga Upland. The area is part of the larger East European Plain. The terrain is flat, with altitude averaging 160 meters above sea level, and the rivers meander on broad floodplains. Agricultural use of the plain is high, mostly for grain growing – wheat, barley and rye. The plain provides a flat south–north route for transportation, situated between uplands. Until a line of forts was built across the territory by the Russian government in the 1640s (the Belgorod Line), the plain was a route for Tatar invasion from the south.

Meshchera Lowlands
Meshchera Lowlands (Meshchyora Lowlands) (Russian: Мещёрская низменность), also referred to as simply Meshchera/Meshchyora, is a spacious lowland in the middle of the European Russia. It is named after the Finnic Meshchera people, which used to live there (later mixing with neighbouring Baltic and Slavic tribes). It occupies parts of Moscow Oblast, Vladimir Oblast and Ryazan Oblast, as well as eastern districts of Moscow proper; respectively, it is called the Moscow, Vladimir and Ryazan Meshcheras.
2022 MAC Championship Game
The 2022 MAC Championship Game was a college football conference championship game played December 3, 2022, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. It was the 26th edition of the MAC Football Championship Game and determined the champion of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) for the 2022 season. The game began at 12:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. The game featured the Western Division champion Toledo Rockets against the Eastern Division champion Ohio Bobcats. For sponsorship reasons, the game is officially known as the Rocket Mortgage MAC Championship.

Toledo won their fourth championship game with a 17–7 win over the Bobcats.

2022 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 2022 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos played their home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and competed in the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The team was led by sixth-year head coach Tim Lester.  The Broncos finished the season 5–7 and 4–4 in MAC play.  After the season, Lester was fired.
2018 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship
The 2018 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship was the 16th edition of the championship, held from 16 to 26 July 2018 at Salalah, Oman, under the aegis of the Asian Handball Federation. It was the first time in history that the championship was organised in Oman by the Oman Handball Association. It also acted as the qualification tournament for the 2019 Men's Junior World Handball Championship.  The top three teams from the championship directly qualified for the Junior World Championship, which was held in Spain.

Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship
The Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship is the official competition organised by Asian Handball Federation for junior men's national handball teams of Asia, and takes place every two years.

In addition to crowning the Asian champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the IHF Men's Junior World Championship.
Atsuhime (TV series)
Atsuhime (篤姫, "Princess Atsu") is a 2008 Japanese historical drama television series. It is the 47th NHK taiga drama. It aired from January 6 to December 14, 2008, and ran a total of 50 episodes. The drama chronicles the life of Tenshō-in, based on Tomiko Miyao's 1984 novel Tenshō-in Atsuhime (天璋院篤姫). Viewership for Atsuhime was high; the series received an average rating of 24.5%, the highest rating received by a taiga drama since Hideyoshi in 1996.

Matthew C. Perry
Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a United States Navy officer who commanded ships in several wars, including the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War. He led the Perry Expedition that ended Japan's isolationism and signed the Convention of Kanagawa between Japan and the United States in 1854.

Perry was interested in the education of naval officers and assisted in the development of an apprentice system that helped establish the curriculum at the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine, he became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered "The Father of the Steam Navy" in the United States.
Linear control
Linear control are control systems and control theory based on negative feedback for producing a control signal to maintain the controlled process variable (PV) at the desired setpoint (SP). There are several types of linear control systems with different capabilities.

Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.
Titche–Goettinger Building
The Titche–Goettinger Building is one of Dallas' original broad-front department stores located along St. Paul Street between Main and Elm Street in downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). The structure currently houses apartments, retail space, and the Universities Center at Dallas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places both individually and as a contributing property in the Dallas Downtown Historic District and is a Dallas Landmark as part of the Harwood Street Historic District. It is also located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.

Dallas Downtown Historic District
The Dallas Downtown Historic District is a 555-acre (225 ha) area in downtown Dallas, Texas, United States, that was designated a historic district in 2006 and expanded in 2009 to preserve the diverse architectural history of the area.
Mock modular form
In mathematics, a mock modular form is the holomorphic part of a harmonic weak Maass form, and a mock theta function is essentially a mock modular form of weight ⁠1/2⁠. The first examples of mock theta functions were described by Srinivasa Ramanujan in his last 1920 letter to G. H. Hardy and in his lost notebook. Sander Zwegers discovered that adding certain non-holomorphic functions to them turns them into harmonic weak Maass forms.

Modular group
In mathematics, the modular group  is the projective special linear group  of  matrices with integer coefficients and determinant , such that the matrices  and  are identified. The modular group acts on the upper-half of the complex plane by linear fractional transformations. The name "modular group" comes from the relation to moduli spaces, and not from modular arithmetic.
2004–05 Milwaukee Panthers men's basketball team
The 2004–05 Milwaukee Panthers men's basketball team represented the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee during the 2004–05 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Panthers, led by head coach Bruce Pearl, played their home games at the U.S. Cellular Arena and Klotsche Center and were members of the Horizon League. They finished the season 26–6, 14–2 in Horizon League play to finish in first place. They were champions of the Horizon League tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they received a #12 seed and defeated No. 5 seed Alabama and No. 4 seed Boston College to reach their 1st Sweet 16 in school history. Their season ended after losing to the eventual National runner-up and No. 1 overall seed Illinois.

2005 Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The 2005 Horizon League men's basketball tournament took place at the end of the 2004–05 regular season. The better seed hosted each first round match. Milwaukee hosted the second round and semifinals, because they were the top seed overall, as well as the final because they were the highest remaining seed.
Borko, Mali
Borko is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Bandiagara of the Mopti Region of Mali. The village lies on the edge of the Dogon Plateau, 105 km northwest of Mopti and 73 km north-northwest of Bandiagara. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 6,254. The village is set in a valley, and is only accessible by one entrance.

Najamba-Kindige is spoken in the village of Borko.

Bandiagara
Bandiagara (French pronunciation: [bɑ̃djaɡaʁa]) is a small town and urban commune in the Mopti Region of Mali.  The name translates roughly to "large eating bowl"—referring to the communal bowl meals are served in. Mainly on its Bandiagara Escarpment it has about 2,000 speakers of the vibrant Bangime language, an isolate used mainly as an anti-language; it has the highest point of the country.

Bandiagara is 65 km east-southeast of Mopti. A seasonal river, the Yamé, flows in a northeasterly direction through the town. The population includes a number of different ethnic groups including Dogons, Fulani and Bambaras.
Solidaridad Municipality
Solidaridad (lit. 'solidarity') is one of the eleven municipalities that make up the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Its municipal seat is the town of Playa del Carmen.

Solidaridad is home to the Maya archaeological site of Xcaret.

Cozumel
Cozumel (Spanish pronunciation: [kosuˈmel]; Yucatec Maya: Kùutsmil) is an island and municipality in the Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, opposite Playa del Carmen. It is separated from the mainland by the Cozumel Channel and is close to the Yucatán Channel. The municipality is part of the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico.

In 2023, Cozumel was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
Confluaria furcifera
Confluaria furcifera is an endoparasitic tapeworm which infects grebes in the Holarctic. It is common in the horned grebe in Lake Mývatn, Iceland and it has been reported from the great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus australis) in Lake Wānaka, New Zealand.

Eucestoda
Eucestoda is the larger of the two subclasses of flatworms in the class Cestoda (the other subclass being Cestodaria) whose members are commonly known as tapeworms. Larvae have six posterior hooks on the scolex (head), in contrast to the ten-hooked Cestodaria. All tapeworms are endoparasites of vertebrates, living in the digestive tract or related ducts. Examples are the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) with a human definitive host, and pigs as the secondary host, and Moniezia expansa, the definitive hosts of which are ruminants.
Beharbari
Beharbari is a locality in southern part of Guwahati in India. It neighbours the Lalmati and Lokhra localities. It is near National Highway 27 and is known as a local commercial centre.

The Accountant General Employees' Residential Complex is located in Beharbari. It also houses a service station for Maruti Suzuki operated by Bimal Auto Agency.

Lokhra
Lokhra, also known as Lakhra, is a locality in southern part of Guwahati in Assam. It is surrounded by Jalukbari, Lalmati and Basistha localities. It is near National Highway 37 and is 9 km and 18 km from Guwahati Railway Station and Airport, respectively.

Schools

Lokhra locality comprises some of the best schools of Guwahati such as Delhi Public School Guwahati (CBSE), GEMS NPS (CBSE) and Sanskriti Gurukul (ICSE).
Jamie Miller (drummer)
Jamie Miller is an American musician, currently the drummer for rock bands Bad Religion, Vanishing Life and Snot. He is also the lead guitarist and the backing vocalist for theStart, and was formerly the drummer for Souls at Zero and the drummer and guitarist for ...And You Will Know Us By the Trail of Dead.

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
Rookie of the Year (award)
A Rookie of the Year award or ROY is given by a number of sports leagues to the top-performing athlete in their first season within the league. Athletes competing for the first time in any given league are also known as "rookies". The method of giving out the award varies by league with many team sports giving the award based on a subjective vote of selected people, While many individual sports may give the award on more objective criteria such as awarding it to the top finishing rookie athlete based on end of season standings or their finish in a specific event.

CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award
The Most Outstanding Rookie Award is annually awarded to the player judged to be the best player in his first year in the Canadian Football League. The two nominees for the award are the Frank M. Gibson Trophy winner from the East Division, and the Jackie Parker Trophy winner from the West Division.
Khubau
Khubau (fl. c. 2300 BC) was an ancient Egyptian high official who lived at the end of the Old Kingdom in the 6th Dynasty. He might date under king Pepi II or shortly after. Khubau is known from his tomb at Saqqara close to the Pyramid of Pepi II. His proper tomb was found by Gaston Maspero. Further elements, including two small obelisks and a small stela were excavated by Gustave Jéquier

Khubau had several titles. He was priest at the pyramid of Pepi II, overseer of priests but also overlord of Ta-wer. With the latter position, he was nomarch of Ta-wer, the 8th Upper Egyptian nome.

His tomb consists of a shaft with a decorated burial chamber, showing offerings.

Nomarch
A nomarch (Ancient Greek: νομάρχης, Ancient Egyptian: ḥrj tp ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.
Hypothalamic sulcus
The hypothalamic sulcus (sulcus of Monro) is a groove in the lateral wall of the third ventricle, marking the boundary between the thalamus and hypothalamus. The upper and lower portions of the lateral wall of the third ventricle correspond to the alar lamina and basal lamina, respectively, of the lateral wall of the fore-brain vesicle and are separated from each other by a furrow, the hypothalamic sulcus, which extends from the interventricular foramen to the cerebral aqueduct.

Cerebral aqueduct
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain. It extends rostrocaudally through the entirety of the more posterior part of the midbrain. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray (central gray), a layer of gray matter.

Congenital stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct is a cause of congenital hydrocephalus.

It is named for Franciscus Sylvius.