hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2016 Summit League men's soccer tournament
The 2016 Summit League men's soccer tournament, was the 11th edition of the tournament. It determined the Summit League's automatic berth into the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship.

The Denver Pioneers won The Summit League title, besting the Omaha Mavericks, 2–1 in the championship match. It was Denver's fourth Summit League title and their fourth consecutive.

The tournament was hosted by the University of Denver and all matches were contested at CIBER Field at the University of Denver Soccer Stadium.

Summit League men's soccer tournament
The Summit League men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in soccer for the Summit League.  The tournament has been held every year in November since 1994.

It is played under a single-elimination format, and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer championship.

In 2024, the tournament was not played and was instead replaced by a championship game including the top two finishing teams in conference play.
In 2025, the Summit League restored the four-team tournament, and this time it will be hosted at campus sites.

Denver is the most winning team of the competition with 9 titles.
Adam Menelaws
Adam Menelaws (also spelled Menelas; Russian: Адам Адамович Менелас, romanized: Adam Adamovich Menelas; between 1748 and 1756 – 31 August 1831) was an architect and landscape designer of Scottish origin, active in the Russian Empire from 1784 to 1831. Menelaws achieved success in the first two decades of the 19th century as the designer of town and country residences and parks of Razumovsky and Stroganov families, and later worked for emperor Alexander I, specializing in Gothic Revival architecture. From 1825 to 1831 Menelaws, then in his seventies, became the first house architect of Nicholas I and de facto the leading architect of the Empire. Except for this final, properly evidenced, stage, life story of Adam Menelaws remains scarcely documented and has been reconstructed by biographers based on sketchy archive data and circumstantial evidence; Menelaws still "belongs to the category of almost unknown".

Howard Colvin
Sir Howard Montagu Colvin CVO CBE FBA FRHistS FSA (15 October 1919 – 27 December 2007) was a British architectural historian who produced two of the most significant works of scholarship in his field: A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840 and The History of the King's Works.
2022 Foreign Espionage Act
The foreign espionage law (Swedish: lagen om utlandsspioneri) is a law that came into effect in Sweden on 1 January 2023. The act expanded espionage law in Sweden to criminalise the release of sensitive information that could damage Sweden's relationships with its allies as foreign espionage. The act involved changes to two of the four Basic Laws of Sweden: the Freedom of the Press Act (Swedish: Tryckfrihetsförordningen) and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (Swedish: Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen).

Swedish Freedom of the Press Act
The Freedom of the Press Act (Swedish: Tryckfrihetsförordningen) is one of four Fundamental Laws of the Realm (Swedish: rikets grundlagar) and thus forms part of the Swedish Constitution. The Act regulates matters regarding freedom of press and principle of public access to official records. The Freedom of the Press Act as well as the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (Swedish: Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen) is one of the two "basic media acts" in Sweden. The Freedom of the Press Act is derived from the Freedom of the Press Act of 1766; the legislation is regarded as the world's first law supporting the freedom of the press and freedom of information.
The Gold Racket
The Gold Racket is a 1937 American crime film directed by Louis J. Gasnier and written by David S. Levy. The film stars Conrad Nagel, Eleanor Hunt, in the third of their "G-Man" film series as well as Fuzzy Knight, Frank Milan, Jack Duffy and Albert J. Smith. The film was released on April 10, 1937, by Grand National Films Inc.

Grand National Films Inc.
Grand National Films, Inc (or Grand National Pictures, Grand National Productions and Grand National Film Distributing Co.) was an American independent motion picture production-distribution company in operation from 1936 to 1939.  The company had no relation to the British Grand National Pictures (although the British firm used the American company's logo).
Dragon Flame
Dragon Flame is the 14th novel in the Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services.

Marine Region
The Marine Region is a branch of the Hong Kong Police Force, more widely known as the Marine Police. The marine police patrols 1,651 km2 (637 sq mi) of waters within the territory of Hong Kong, including 263 islands. The Marine Region is made up of about 3,000 officers. It has a fleet of 142 boats in total, the largest of any civil police force in the world.
2014 FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship for Women
The 2014 FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship for Women was the qualifying tournament for FIBA Oceania at the 2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women. The tournament was held in Suva, Fiji from November 27 to December 6.

Australia defeated New Zealand in the finals, 98-65, while Guam edged Tahiti in the battle for Third Place, 54-48. Australia represented FIBA Oceania at the 2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women which was held in Russia.

FIBA U17 Women's Oceania Cup
The FIBA U17 Women's Oceania Cup, formerly the FIBA Under-17 Women's Oceania Championship, is an international junior women's basketball tournament in the FIBA Oceania zone, inaugurated in 2004. The current champions are Australia.

Before 2017, the competition was known as the FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship for Women, which was a qualifier for the FIBA Under-19 World Cup. Now it is an under-17 competition for Oceania teams to qualify for the FIBA Under-18 Women's Asia Cup (from which they can qualify for the World Cup).
Little Hours
In Christianity, the Little Hours or minor hours are a subset of the canonical hours. The minor are those celebrated between Lauds and Vespers; they consist of Terce, Sext, Nones, and Compline. The minor hours, so called because their structure is shorter and simpler than that of the major hours, are celebrated at intervals between the major hours as a means of sanctifying the various stages of daylight and the workday.

Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
Inverse semigroup
In group theory, an inverse semigroup (occasionally called an inversion semigroup) S is a semigroup in which every element x in S has a unique inverse y in S in the sense that x = xyx and y = yxy, i.e. a regular semigroup in which every element has a unique inverse. Inverse semigroups appear in a range of contexts; for example, they can be employed in the study of partial symmetries.

(The convention followed in this article will be that of writing a function on the right of its argument, e.g. x f rather than f(x), and 
composing functions from left to right—a convention often observed in semigroup theory.)

Congruence relation
In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure in the sense that algebraic operations done with equivalent elements will yield equivalent elements.  Every congruence relation has a corresponding quotient structure, whose elements are the equivalence classes (or congruence classes) for the relation.
Joseph Riddick
Joseph Riddick (1735 – November 18, 1818) was a North Carolina politician who served as Speaker of the North Carolina Senate for 11 years from 1800 to 1804 and from 1806 to 1811. Only Bartlett Yancey and Marc Basnight have led the state Senate for a longer span of time.  Riddick was also a veteran of the American Revolutionary War.  He attained the rank of General in the NC Militia.

Gates County, North Carolina
Gates County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of North Carolina, on the border with Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,478, making it the fifth-least populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Gatesville. Gates County is included in the Virginia Beach-Chesapeake, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area. It is part of the Albemarle Sound area of the Inner Banks.
Hancock County, Indiana
Hancock County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. The 2020 United States census recorded a population of 79,840. The county seat is Greenfield.

Hancock County is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Anderson, Indiana
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Indiana, United States. The population was 54,788 at the 2020 census. It is named after Chief William Anderson.  The city is the headquarters of the Church of God and its Anderson University. Highlights of the city include the historic Paramount Theatre and the Gruenewald House.
2006 UEC European Cyclo-cross Championships
The 2006 European Cyclo-cross Championships were held on 9 December 2006 in Huijbergen, Netherlands. Niels Albert managed to defend his title in the under 23 category, while Marianne Vos changed her gold medal of the 2005 edition into a bronze this year.

UEC European Cyclo-cross Championships
The European Cyclo-cross Championships are organised by the Union Européenne de Cyclisme and crown the recognised European champions in the cycling discipline of cyclo-cross.

They have been held since 2003 in November, towards the start of the cyclo-cross season. Events are held for men and women, in junior, under-23 and elite classes.

A seventh medal event, a mixed relay, was held in 2023 and 2024. In 2025 the mixed relay team event was not part of the competition.
Lisvane and Thornhill railway station
Lisvane and Thornhill railway station (Welsh: Llys-faen a Draenen Pen-y-Graig) is a railway station serving the Lisvane and Thornhill areas of north Cardiff, Wales. It is a stop on the Rhymney Line of the Valley Lines network.

This station  replaced Cefn Onn Halt railway station, which was closed in 1986.

Rhymney railway station
Rhymney railway station serves the town of Rhymney in Wales. Situated on the Valley Lines network 23 miles (37 km) north of Cardiff Central, it is the terminus of the Rhymney Line.  The station has sidings to the west of its single platform which are used for the overnight stabling of the diesel multiple unit trains.
P. N. Menon (director)
Palissery Narayanankutty Menon alias P. N. Menon (2 January 1926 – 9 September 2008) was an Indian film director and art director in the Malayalam cinema. He is also famous as the Designer of Promotional Posters. Menon was also the uncle of another popular film director Bharathan, being the younger brother of the latter's father. In 2001, he was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.

Kerala State Film Award for Best Film
The Kerala State Film Award for Best Film is an award presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India to the best film in Malayalam cinema. The awards are managed directly by the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy under the Department of Cultural Affairs of the Government of Kerala.
Medina de Pomar
Medina de Pomar is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain,  77 km from Bilbao, and 8 kilometres from Villarcayo.

Medina de Pomar is part of the Comarca of Las Merindades.

Villarcayo de Merindad de Castilla la Vieja
Villarcayo de Merindad de Castilla la Vieja (Spanish pronunciation: [biʎaɾˈkaʝo ðe meɾinˈdað ðe kasˈtiʎa la ˈβjexa]) is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 4,031 inhabitants.
Armidale Dumaresq Shire
The Armidale Dumaresq Council was a local government area in the New England and Northern Tablelands regions of New South Wales, Australia. This area was formed in 2000 from the merger of the original City of Armidale with the surrounding Dumaresq Shire and abolished on 12 May 2016, where the council, together with Guyra Shire, was subsumed into the Armidale Regional Council with immediate effect.

The combined former area covered the urban area of Armidale and the surrounding region, extending primarily eastward from the city through farming districts to the gorges and escarpments that mark the edge of the Northern Tablelands.

The last mayor of the Armidale Dumaresq Council was Cr. Herman Beyersdorf until the council was abolished on 12 May 2016, amalgamating with Guyra Shire to form the Armidale Regional Council.

New England (New South Wales)
New England is a geographical region in the north of the state of New South Wales, Australia, about 60 km (37 mi) inland from the Tasman Sea. The area includes the Northern Tablelands (or New England Tablelands) and the North West Slopes regions. As of 2021, New England had a population of 185,560, with over a quarter of the people living in the area of Tamworth Regional Council.
Vieux-Condé
Vieux-Condé (French pronunciation: [vjø kɔ̃de]; Dutch: Oudkonde) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. The village stands on a canalised section of the river Scheldt, adjacent to the northwest of Condé-sur-l'Escaut. It is part of the agglomeration (unité urbaine) of Valenciennes.

Condé-sur-l'Escaut
Condé-sur-l'Escaut (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃de syʁ lɛsko], literally Condé on the Escaut; Picard: Condé-su-l'Escaut) is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

It lies on the border with Belgium. The population as of 1999 was 10,527. Residents of the area are known as Condéens or Condéennes. The Mayor of Condé-sur-l'Escaut is Gregory Lelong, re-elected in 2020.
René Vilatte
Joseph René Vilatte (January 24, 1854 – July 8, 1929), also known as Mar Timotheus I, was a French–American Catholic active in France and the United States. He was associated with several Christian denominations before his ordination in the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland (CKS) as a bishop for service in an Episcopal diocese. Eventually, he was reconciled with the Catholic Church and voluntarily entered a solemn vow of abjuration.

Vilatte was at one point consecrated as a bishop by Malankara Church bishops, with the knowledge and permission of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. After being expelled from multiple denominations, he was considered an example of an episcopus vagans, or "wandering bishop".

Although never a bishop within an Old Catholic denomination or sect and denounced by the Union of Utrecht Old Catholic churches, Vilatte became known as the "first Old Catholic bishop of the United States".: 1

Aristide Briand
Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (French: [aʁistid pjɛʁ ɑ̃ʁi bʁijɑ̃]; 28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (1918–1939).

In 1926, he received the Nobel Peace Prize along with German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann for the realization of the Locarno Treaties, which aimed at reconciliation between France and Germany after the First World War. To avoid another worldwide conflict, he was instrumental in the agreement known as the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, as well to establish a "European Union" in 1929. However, all his efforts were compromised by the rise of nationalistic and revanchist ideas like Nazism and fascism following the Great Depression.
Tanga Airport
Tanga Airport (IATA: TGT, ICAO: HTTG) (Uwanja wa Ndege wa Tanga, in Swahili) is a small domestic airport located in Mwanzange ward of Tanga City Council in Tanga Region,  Tanzania. It is the sole airport in the regional capital city of Tanga.

It is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the city, off the A14 trunk road. The airport is scheduled flights to Arusha, Dar es Salaam and the Zanzibar Archipelago islands of Unguja and Pemba.

The Tanga non-directional beacon (Ident: TG) is located on the field.

Julius Nyerere International Airport
Julius Nyerere International Airport (IATA: DAR, ICAO: HTDA) is the international airport of Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania. It is located in Kipawa ward of Ilala District in Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The airport has flights to destinations in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. It is named after Julius Nyerere (1922–1999), the nation's first president.
Program synthesis
In computer science, program synthesis is the task to construct a program that provably satisfies a given high-level formal specification. In contrast to program verification, the program is to be constructed rather than given; however, both fields make use of formal proof techniques, and both comprise approaches of different degrees of automation. In contrast to automatic programming techniques, specifications in program synthesis are usually non-algorithmic statements in an appropriate logical calculus.

The primary application of program synthesis is to relieve the programmer of the burden of writing correct, efficient code that satisfies a specification. However, program synthesis also has applications to superoptimization and inference of loop invariants.

Substitution (logic)
A substitution is a syntactic transformation on formal expressions.
To apply a substitution to an expression means to consistently replace its variable, or placeholder, symbols with other expressions.

The resulting expression is called a substitution instance, or  instance for short, of the original expression.
Colby Lewis
Colby Preston Lewis (born August 2, 1979), popularly nicknamed "Cobra", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers, Oakland Athletics, and Texas Rangers and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp.

Lewis was originally a first-round draft choice (sandwich pick) of the Texas Rangers in the 1999 Major League Baseball draft and made his major league debut in 2002. He played for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of Japan's Central League from 2008 to 2009, during which he won two awards for most strikeouts. Upon his return to the Rangers, he helped lead the team to two consecutive American League pennants in 2010 and 2011.

Max Muncy
Maxwell Steven Muncy (born August 25, 1990) is an American professional baseball infielder for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the Baylor Bears. He was selected by the Oakland Athletics in the fifth round of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He played in MLB for the Athletics in 2015 and 2016 and later joined the Dodgers in 2018, winning the World Series with the team in 2020, 2024, and 2025.
Moshé Yaniv
Moshe Yaniv, born in 1938 in Hadera, Israel, is a French-Israeli molecular biologist who has studied the structure and functions of oncogenic DNA viruses as well as the general mechanisms for regulating gene expression in higher organisms and their deregulation during tumor pathologies and development. He is a member of the French Academy of sciences and Professor Emeritus at the Institut Pasteur.

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.
Judo at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's 90 kg
The men's 90 kg competition of the judo events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on October 30 at the Contact Sports Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto) in Santiago, Chile. A total of 10 athletes from 9 NOC's competed.

Judo at the 2023 Pan American Games
Judo competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile will be held at the Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto, which will also host the Taekwondo and Karate events, from 28 to 31 October 2023.

15 medal events were contested: seven weight categories each for men and women and one event for mixed teams. The mixed teams was held for the first time ever.
Woronora Plateau
The Woronora Plateau is a plateau located in New South Wales, Australia. The area is adjacent to the Sydney Plains and is slightly higher in altitude. It is capped with Hawkesbury Sandstone. It is often hotter in summer and colder in winter than in metropolitan Sydney. The Woronora River flows through the deeply dissected plateau to the Georges River from near the sources of the Port Hacking, within the Sutherland Shire.

Located between the Woronora River and Forbes Creek it holds the suburb of Woronora Heights.

Dissected plateau
A dissected plateau is a plateau area that has been severely eroded, and the relief is sharp. Such an area may be referred to as mountainous, but dissected plateaus are distinguishable from orogenic mountain belts by the lack of folding, metamorphism, extensive faulting, or magmatic activity accompanying orogeny.
Scoopula
Scoopula is a brand name of a spatula-like scoop utensil used primarily in experimental laboratories to transfer solids: to a weighing paper for weighing, to a cover slip to measure melting point, or a graduated cylinder, or to a watch glass from a flask or beaker through scraping. "Scoopula" is a registered trademark owned by Thermo Fisher Scientific. They are very often made of metal.

Weighing paper
Weighing paper is often used when weighing solid, powdery substances on an analytical balance.  By preventing the substance from making contact with unwanted materials, the precision of the measurement may be increased.