hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cisuralian
The Cisuralian, also known as the Early Permian, is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 274.4 ± 0.4 Ma.

In the regional stratigraphy of southwestern North America, the Cisuralian encompasses two series: the Wolfcampian (Asselian to mid-Artinskian) and Leonardian (mid-Artinskian to Kungurian).

The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years.

Series (stratigraphy)
Series are subdivisions of rock layers based on the age of the rock  and formally defined by international conventions of the geological timescale. A series is therefore a sequence of strata defining a chronostratigraphic unit. Series are subdivisions of systems and are themselves divided into stages.

Series is a term defining a unit of rock layers formed during a certain interval of time (a chronostratigraphic unit); it is equivalent (but not synonymous) to the term geological epoch (see epoch criteria) which defines the interval of time itself, although the two words are sometimes confused in informal literature.
Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise professionals and utilise education, lifestyle intervention and specific forms of exercise to rehabilitate and manage acute and chronic injuries and conditions.

Understanding the effect of exercise involves studying specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohormonal systems that lead to changes in functional capacity and strength due to endurance training or strength training. The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise".

Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.

Endurance training
Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance. The term endurance training generally refers to training the aerobic system as opposed to the anaerobic system. The need for endurance in sports is often predicated as the need of cardiovascular and simple muscular endurance, but the issue of endurance is far more complex. Endurance can be divided into two categories including: general endurance and specific endurance. Endurance in sport is closely tied to the execution of skill and technique. A well conditioned athlete can be defined as, the athlete who executes their technique consistently and effectively with the least effort. Key for measuring endurance are heart rate, power in cycling and pace in running.
Galium migrans
Galium migrans is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Following a revision of the genus Galium, the distribution of Gallium migrans is now believed to be restricted to South Australia. Plants in New South Wales that were formerly identified as this species are  currently identified as Galium leptogonium.

Galium
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.

Over 600 species of Galium are described, with estimates of 629 to 650 as of 2013. The field madder, Sherardia arvensis, is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. Asperula is also a closely related genus; some species of Galium (such as woodruff, G. odoratum) are occasionally placed therein.
Colo Vale, New South Wales
Colo Vale (/ˈkɒloʊ veɪl/) is a Northern Village of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. Colo Vale is approximately 100 km south west on the Hume Highway from Sydney. It is situated 2 km north-west of Aylmerton, 5 km from the Hume Highway and 12 km drive to Mittagong. The surrounding area is part of the Parish of Colo which includes the villages of Aylmerton, Willow Vale, Alpine and Yerrinbool. Colo Vale has a mixed-business general store and many home-based businesses, including hairdressers, small manufacturing businesses  and a large native plant nursery (Wariapendi Nursery) and a Public School on Wattle Street. A large sporting oval is located adjacent to the school with tennis courts, a community hall and a Rural Fire Service station.

Yerrinbool, New South Wales
Yerrinbool is one of the Northern Villages of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in the Wingecarribee Shire. Yerrinbool is accessible from the Hume Highway (via Bargo or Alpine) and is about a 12 km (7.5 mi) drive from nearby Mittagong. It is 7 km (4.3 mi) to Hill Top as the crow flies, accessible by foot via a fire trail. It is on the western edge of the Upper Nepean Nature Reserve, a vast area of forest, lakes and dams between Yerrinbool and the coastal communities around Wollongong (accessible by a circuitous 63 km (39 mi) by-road). Yerrinbool was previously officially known as the Town of Yerrinbool. It is located along the historic Old Hume Highway.
Glossary of ecology
This glossary of ecology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts in ecology and related fields. For more specific definitions from other glossaries related to ecology, see Glossary of biology, Glossary of evolutionary biology, and Glossary of environmental science.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
North American Spanish
North-American Spanish (Spanish: español norteamericano) is the name of the Spanish dialects spoken in North America, and includes:

Caribbean Spanish

Central American Spanish
List of colloquial expressions in Honduras

Mexican Spanish

United States Spanish
Californian Spanish
Isleño Spanish
New Mexican Spanish
Puerto Rican Spanish

Caribbean Spanish
Caribbean Spanish (Spanish: español caribeño [espaˈɲol kaɾiˈβeɲo], locally [ehpaˈɲol kaɾiˈβeɲo]) is the general name of the Spanish dialects spoken in the Caribbean region. The Spanish language was introduced to the Caribbean in 1492 with the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It resembles the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands, and, more distantly, the Spanish of western Andalusia. With more than 25 million speakers, Spanish is the most widely spoken language in the Caribbean Islands.

More precisely, the term in its strictest sense however refers to the Spanish language as it is spoken on the Caribbean island nations of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. In a much looser sense, it can also include  Panama and the Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Venezuela; and on the widest application of the phrase, it includes the Caribbean coastal regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
Wim De Smet
Wim De Smet (19 October 1932 – 10 March 2012) was a Flemish zoologist, specialized in marine mammals, and an esperantist. He published a lot of scientific and popularizing articles in Dutch, English, French and Esperanto. He projected an entirely new system for the naming and classification of animals and plants.

International Academy of Sciences San Marino
The International Academy of Sciences San Marino (Esperanto: Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino, AIS) was a scientific association. It was established in 1983 and had its first convention, SUS 1, around New Year 1984 in the City of San Marino. After the Sammarinese skeleton law on higher education had been passed the academy was officially founded on 13 September 1985 (1985-09-13), in the presence of the Captains-Regent. Its name uses the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto.

Although the juristical association was officially dissolved at the end of 2020, the AIS is still active.
2015 Southern Conference softball tournament
The 2015 Southern Conference softball tournament was held at Jim Frost Stadium on the campus of Chattanooga University in Chattanooga, Tennessee, from May 6 through May 9, 2015.  Chattanooga won their eight tournament championship and earned the SoCon's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament. The Championship game was broadcast on ESPN3 while all other games were broadcast on the SoCon Digital Network.

2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 14 through June 3, 2015 as the final part of the 2015 NCAA Division I softball season. The 64 NCAA Division I college softball teams were selected out of an eligible 293 teams on May 10, 2015. Thirty-two teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference, and thirty-two teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2015 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City.
Khalid Abdullah Mishal al Mutairi
Khalid Abdullah Mishal al Mutairi (born June 18, 1975), also known as Khalid Hassan, is a Kuwaiti charity worker who was unlawfully detained in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba. He was ordered released in August 2009, when it was determined that the law required the American government to prove his guilt, rather than demand al Mutairi prove his innocence. The ruling judge noted that al Mutairi had been "goaded" into making incriminating statements for interrogators, such as confessing alongside Osama bin Laden in 1991, while noting that some of his stories were contradictory.

Khalid Abdullah Mishal al Mutairi was captured near the Pakistan-Afghan border in November 2001 and he was transferred to Kuwait on October 13, 2009.

Colleen Kollar-Kotelly
Colleen Constance Kollar-Kotelly (born April 17, 1943) is an American lawyer serving as a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and was previously presiding judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
Queeneth Agbor
Queeneth Agbor (born in Calabar) is a Nigerian actress and media personality. Raised in Calabar, she graduated in microbiology from the University of Calabar. She relocated to Lagos, after feeling that people were "pressurising" her to become an actress.
She has become known for her roles in Nollywood films such as Painful Kingdom with Olu Jacobs, Hooked with Francis Duru and The Movement.

Calabar
Calabar (also referred to as Callabar, Calabari, Calbari, Cali  and Kalabar) is the capital city of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was originally named Akwa Akpa, in the Efik language, as the Efik people dominate this area. The city is adjacent to the Calabar and Great Kwa rivers, and the creeks of the Cross River (from its inland delta).

Calabar was once described as the tourism capital of Nigeria, especially due to several initiatives implemented during the administration of Donald Duke as the Governor of Cross River State (1999–2007). The city became the cleanest and most environmentally friendly city in Nigeria.

Administratively, the city is divided into Calabar Municipal and Calabar South Local Government Areas. It has an area of 406 square kilometres (157 sq mi) and, as of the 2006 census, a population of 371,022. Both LGAs together had an estimated population of 571,500 in 2022.
2003 Coppa Italia final
The 2003 Coppa Italia final was the final of the 2002–03 Coppa Italia, the top cup competition in Italian football. The match was played over two legs on 20 May and 31 May 2003 between Roma and Milan. This was the 12th Coppa Italia final appearance by Milan and the 11th by Roma. It was the first meeting of these two clubs in the finals. Milan won the first leg 4–1, followed by a 2–2 in the second leg, giving Milan their 5th title on an aggregate score of 6–3.

2002–03 Coppa Italia
The 2002–03 Coppa Italia was the 56th edition of the tournament, which began on 18 August 2002 and ended on 31 May 2003. In the final, A.C. Milan beat Roma 6–3 on aggregate to win their 5th Coppa Italia and first since the 1976–77 edition.
The Laughing Monsters
The Laughing Monsters is a spy novel by Denis Johnson published in 2014 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

The Laughing Monsters is set largely in the African countries of Sierra Leone, Congo and Uganda in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide of the 1990s, conflicts which Johnson witnessed and reported on as a journalist.

The title of the novel is a reference to the Happy Mountains of the Congo, where the novel's climax takes place. The mountain range was dubbed the Laughing Monsters by the 19th Century missionary James Hannington.
The title also characterizes the two chief protagonists of the novel.

Mark Lawson
Mark Gerard Lawson (born 11 April 1962) is an English journalist, broadcaster and author. Specialising in culture and the arts, he is best known for presenting the flagship BBC Radio 4 arts programme Front Row between 1998 and 2014. He is also a Guardian columnist, and presented Mark Lawson Talks To... on BBC Four from 2006 to 2015.
Italian Marines
The Italian Armed Forces maintain three types of units who could be called the Italian Marines:

Decima Flottiglia MAS, with commando frogman unit of the Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy)

San Marco Marine Brigade, marines of the Italian Navy (Marina Militare) based in Brindisi.

Lagunari, amphibious troops of the Italian Army (Esercito Italiano), of the Serenissima Regiment based in Venice.

San Marco Marine Brigade
The "San Marco" Marine Brigade (Italian: Brigata Marina "San Marco") is an amphibious formation of the Italian Navy, has been brigade since 2013 but the amphibious corps existed since 1915, reorganizing the Navy Landing Force. It has its command in Brindisi. They are the marines of the Italian Navy.

It is a joint formation, framed within the amphibious projection force, whose commander is the same admiral who serves as commander of the San Marco Brigade.
4th Golden Raspberry Awards
The 4th Golden Raspberry Awards were held on April 8, 1984, at Third Street Elementary School in Los Angeles, California, to recognize the worst the movie industry had to offer in 1983.

Amy Irving, nominated for worst supporting actress for her performance in Yentl, also received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the same performance in 1984. Irving became the second person, after supporting actor James Coco in 1982, to be nominated for a Razzie and Oscar for the same work, a feat not repeated until Glenn Close in 2021.

The dolphins "Cindy and Sandy", nominated for Worst New Star for Jaws 3-D, were the first animals to be nominated in the awards history.

41st Golden Raspberry Awards
The 41st Golden Raspberry Awards, or Razzies, was an awards ceremony that identified the worst the film industry had to offer in 2020, along with the first two months of 2021, according to votes from members of the Golden Raspberry Foundation. Razzies co-founder John J. B. Wilson has claimed that the intent of the awards is "to be irritating". It took place on April 24, 2021. The nominees were announced on March 12, 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent cinema closings, combined with the example set by other contemporary award shows (particularly the Academy Awards), resulted in streaming media being valid for nominations for the first time. Absolute Proof became the second documentary film to be awarded Worst Picture, winning both Razzies it was nominated for; the other being Worst Actor for Mike Lindell.

Nominated for Worst Supporting Actress for Hillbilly Elegy, Glenn Close became the third person to have received both Oscar and Razzie acting nominations for the same role.
Long John Silver's
Long John Silver's, formerly known as Long John Silver's Seafood Shoppes and sometimes abbreviated as LJS, is an American chain of fast-food restaurants that specializes in seafood. The brand's name is derived from the character of the same name from Robert Louis Stevenson's novel Treasure Island.

In November 2022, Long John Silver's was acquired by Four Oaks Partners, a group of investors led by Bob Jenkins, himself a Long John Silver's franchisee and president of Charter Foods.

In October 2025, Long John Silver's rebranded themselves as a chicken and seafood restaurant, revealing a new logo with chicken front and center. According to senior vice president Christopher Caudill, this change was made to let their "best-kept secret" out. The change was also made to bring in more customers as a response to a rise in the popularity of chicken across the United States.

Treasure Island
Treasure Island (originally titled The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys) is an adventure and historical novel by Scottish novelist Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published as a book in 1883, but is set in the 18th century, and tells a story of "buccaneers and buried gold". It is considered a coming-of-age story, and is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action.

The novel was originally serialised from 1881 to 1882 in the children's magazine Young Folks under the title Treasure Island or the Mutiny of the Hispaniola, credited to the pseudonym "Captain George North". It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883 by Cassell & Co. It has since become one of the most-often dramatised and adapted novels.

Since its publication Treasure Island has significantly influenced depictions of pirates in popular culture, including elements such as deserted tropical islands, treasure maps marked with an "X", and one-legged seamen with parrots perched on their shoulders.
Lamina (algae)
The lamina or blade in macroscopic algae, like seaweed, is a generally flattened structure that typically forms the principal bulk of the thallus. It is often developed into specialised organs such as flotation bladders and reproductive organs.

The lamina is typically an expansion of the stipe which in term is attached to the substrate by the holdfast.

Pneumatocyst
In phycology, a pneumatocyst is a floating structure that contains gas found on brown seaweed. A seaweed's thallus may have more than one. They provide buoyancy to lift the blades toward the surface, allowing them to receive more sunlight for photosynthesis.

The proportion of gases in the pneumatocysts varies depending on the physiological status of the alga and the partial pressure of gases in the surrounding air or water. The pneumatocyst can hold O2, CO2, N2, and CO.
Inna Utkina
Inna Alfredovna Utkina née Bekker (Russian: Инна Альфредовна Уткина (Беккер)) is a former pair skater. She competed for the Soviet Union as Inna Bekker with partner Sergei Likhanski, becoming a two-time World Junior medalist (silver in 1982, bronze in 1983) and the 1983 Nebelhorn Trophy champion. They were coached by Irina Rodnina in Moscow.

After retiring from competition, Utkina became a coach in Moscow. She has coached Lubov Iliushechkina / Nodari Maisuradze, Anastasia Martiusheva / Alexei Rogonov, Maria Paliakova / Nikita Bochkov, and others.

Utkina is originally from Temirtau, Kazakhstan.

Anastasia Martiusheva
Anastasia Vasilyevna Martiusheva (Russian: Анастасия Васильевна Мартюшева; born 17 March 1995) is a Russian pair skater. With Alexei Rogonov, she is the 2012 Ondrej Nepela Memorial champion, a two-time (2010, 2011) Golden Spin of Zagreb champion, and the 2009 World Junior silver medalist. They are the 2012 Russian national senior bronze medalists and 2009 junior champions.
Korbin Shrader
Korbin Rose Shrader (née Albert; born October 13, 2003) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for OL Lyonnes and the United States national team.

Shrader played collegiately for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, where she was a first-team All-American as a sophomore in 2023. She then signed with Paris Saint-Germain.

Shrader played for the national under-20 team before making her senior international debut in 2023. She won the gold medal with the national team at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup
The 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup was the inaugural edition of the CONCACAF W Gold Cup, an international women's soccer competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the member associations of CONCACAF. The tournament was contested by twelve teams from February 20 to March 10, 2024 in the United States. Eight CONCACAF national teams qualified for the tournament, joined by four guest teams from CONMEBOL.

The hosts United States won the inaugural W Gold Cup title by defeating Brazil 1-0 in the final. The match was played at Snapdragon Stadium in San Diego, California, on March 10.
Ishigaki Airport
Ishigaki Airport (石垣空港, Ishigaki Kūkō), (IATA: ISG, ICAO: ROIG) was a third-class airport located 1 NM (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) from Ishigaki city centre in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The airport provided flights to major cities on the Japanese mainland as well as destinations throughout Okinawa Prefecture and the Yaeyama Islands. Commercial operations at Ishigaki Airport ceased at 00:00 on 6 March 2013, and the New Ishigaki Airport opened on 7 March 2013. As of mid-2013, the possibility exists that the airport may be turned over fully to the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. As a Type-3 airport, the JSDF was already in theory able to carry out operations from Ishigaki.

Ishigaki, Okinawa
Ishigaki (Japanese: 石垣市, Hepburn: Ishigaki-shi; Yaeyama: Isïgaksï, Ishanagzï) is a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It includes Ishigaki island and the Senkaku Islands territory. The city is the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands. New Ishigaki Airport serves the city. As of December 2012, the city has an estimated population of 48,816 and a population density of 213 persons per km2. The total area is 229.00 km2.

It is also the seat of the Senkaku Islands administration, those islands being part of the territory of the city.