hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanjida Khatun
Sanjida Khatun (4 April 1933 – 25 March 2025) was a Bangladeshi musicologist. She was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1998 and 
Ekushey Padak in 1991 by the government of Bangladesh and Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, in 2021.

Visva-Bharati University
Visva-Bharati (IAST: Viśva-Bhāratī) (Bengali: [biʃːobʱaroti]) is a public central university and an Institute of National Importance located in Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India. The foundation stone was laid on 8 Poush 1325 (24th December 1918) by Rabindranath Tagore, who called it Visva-Bharati, which means the communion of the world with India. Until independence it was a college. Soon after independence, the institution was given the status of a central university in 1951 by an act of the Parliament.
Cuthbert Sebastian
Sir Cuthbert Montraville Sebastian GCMG OBE KStJ ED (22 October 1921 – 25 March 2017) was the second governor-general of Saint Kitts and Nevis from 1996 to 2013. He was appointed Governor-General in 1995 and was sworn in on 1 January 1996. While in office, he was the world's oldest serving de facto head of state. His retirement was announced on 25 December 2012 and became effective on 1 January 2013.

Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
The governor-general of Saint Kitts and Nevis is the representative of the monarch of Saint Kitts and Nevis, currently King Charles III. The appointed governor-general, currently Marcella Liburd, lives in Government House, Basseterre, which serves as her official residence.

The governor-general appoints a deputy governor-general for Nevis.
Yeats (crater)
Yeats is an impact crater on the planet Mercury. It is named after William Butler Yeats, an Irish poet and dramatist. The name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976.

The rim of Yeats is circular and intact, except where an indentation is made by a crater on the north side. It is bordered by a smaller, unnamed crater to the northwest. There is a scarp cutting across the crater which trends northeast. The central peak is complex, and there are hollows on the east and west sides of the peak.

Yeats is located south of the crater Li Po and southwest of the crater Sinan.

Oblique view at low sun angle

Interior of the crater, showing the hollows adjacent to the central peak

Li Po (crater)
Li Po is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 120 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Li Po is named for the Chinese poet Li Bai, who lived from 701 to 762.
Pribilof Canyon
The Pribilof Canyon is a long submarine canyon rising from the Bering Abyssal Plain on the floor of the Bering Sea to the southeast of the Pribilof Islands in Alaska. It connects to the Bering Canyon at its west end.

Bering Canyon
The Bering Canyon is the longest of the Bering Sea submarine canyons; it extends about 400 km across the Bering shelf and slope. It is confined at its eastern edge by the Aleutian Islands. The width of the canyon at the shelf break is about 65 km, only about two-thirds that of the Zhemchug Canyon and Navarin Canyons, but because of its great length, the Bering Canyon has the largest area. At a depth of 3200 m, the Bering Canyon thalweg reaches the Aleutian Basin, where a low-relief submarine channel-lobe system has developed.
2017 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2017 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 81st such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for division placements in the 2018 competition.

2018 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2018 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 82nd such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for division placements in the 2019 competition.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 60
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 60 (P. Oxy. 60) is a letter addressed to the council of Oxyrhynchus, written by the strategus Hermias, in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 17 August 323. Currently it is housed in the Library of the Trinity College (Pap. D 1) in Dublin. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

In the letter, Hermias notifies the council that a supply of meat has been sent to Nicopolis to feed troops stationed there. The measurements of the fragment are 248 by 123 mm.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Omar Hakim
Omar Hakim (born February 12, 1959) is an American drummer, producer, arranger and composer. His session work covers jazz, jazz fusion, and pop music. He has worked with Weather Report, David Bowie, Foo Fighters, Chic, Sting, Madonna, Dire Straits, Bryan Ferry, Journey, Kate Bush, George Benson, Miles Davis, Daft Punk, Mariah Carey, the Pussycat Dolls, David Lee Roth, Celine Dion, and Thundercat.

Thundercat (musician)
Stephen Lee Bruner (born October 19, 1984), better known by his stage name Thundercat, is an American musician, singer, record producer, songwriter, and bassist from Los Angeles, California. First coming to prominence as a member of crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies, he radically changed his musical style, placing a strong focus on funk, soul, progressive R&B, psychedelia and jazz-fusion. He has since released four solo studio albums and is noted for his work with producer Flying Lotus and his appearances on Kendrick Lamar's 2015 album To Pimp a Butterfly. In 2016, Thundercat won a Grammy for Best Rap/Sung Performance for his work on the track "These Walls" from To Pimp a Butterfly. In 2020, Thundercat released his fourth studio album, It Is What It Is, which earned him a Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album. Rolling Stone has ranked him as one of the greatest bass players of all time.
Bluefield Formation
The Bluefield Formation is a geologic formation in West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. Sediments of this age formed along a large marine basin lying in the region of what is now the Appalachian Plateau. The Bluefield Formation is the lowest section of the primarily siliciclastic Mauch Chunk Group, underlying the Stony Gap Sandstone Member of the Hinton Formation and overlying the limestone-rich Greenbrier Group.

Mercer County, West Virginia
Mercer County is a county in Southern West Virginia on the southeastern border of the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 59,664. Its county seat is Princeton. The county was originally established in the State of Virginia by act of its General Assembly on March 17, 1837, using lands taken from Giles and Tazewell counties.

Mercer County is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Allisartan isoproxil
Allisartan isoproxil is an antihypertensive pharmaceutical drug. It belongs to the angiotensin II receptor blocker class of drugs.  It is an esterified prodrug, and its metabolism results in the formation of a single metabolite, losartan carboxylic acid (EXP3174), an oxidized form of losartan.

Chemical structure of losartan carboxylic acid

In China, allisartan isoproxil was approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hypertension in 2012, and introduced to the market in 2013.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Beth Nolan
Beth Nolan (born August 21, 1951, in New York City) was vice president and general counsel of
the Georgetown University. She was also Bill Clinton's final White House Counsel, as well as the first woman to hold the office. Prior to serving as White House Counsel, Nolan worked in other White House and Department of Justice positions, taught law, and worked in private practice.

Office of Legal Counsel
The Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) is an office in the United States Department of Justice that supports the attorney general in their role as legal adviser to the president and all executive branch agencies. It drafts legal opinions of the attorney general and provides its own written opinions and other advice in response to requests from the counsel to the president, the various agencies of the executive branch, and other components of the Department of Justice. The office reviews and comments on the constitutionality of pending legislation. The office reviews any executive orders and substantive proclamations for legality if the president proposes them. All proposed orders of the attorney general and regulations that require the attorney general's approval are reviewed. It also performs a variety of special assignments referred by the attorney general or the deputy attorney general.
Typha × gezei
Typha × gezei is a plant of hybrid origin, endemic to  France. It apparently originated as a cross between  the two very widespread species T. domingensis and T. angustifolia. Typha × gezei grows in freshwater marshes.

Typha angustifolia
Typha angustifolia is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha, native throughout most of Eurasia and locally in northwest Africa; it also occurs widely in North America, where its native status is disputed. It is an "obligate wetland" species that is found in fresh water or brackish locations. It is known in English as lesser bulrush, and in American as narrowleaf cattail.
Stand News raids and arrests
On 29 December 2021, Stand News, one of the few remaining pro-democracy media outlets in Hong Kong following the passage of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020, was raided by the National Security Department of the Hong Kong Police Force. Media executives and journalists were arrested on the charge of "conspiring to publish seditious publications" on a large scale. As a result of the raid, Stand News ceased operations, the organisation's website and social media became inactive, and all its employees were dismissed. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, along with leaders in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and United States, condemned the raid.

National Security Department
The National Security Department (noted as NS) is the national security law enforcement unit within the Hong Kong Police Force. The unit was established in compliance with the Hong Kong national security law passed in June 2020.

The National Security Department is led by a Deputy Commissioner of Police, who is appointed by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. The department may recruit from outside Hong Kong "to provide assistance in the performance of duties for safeguarding national security." The department is supervised by the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Government of Hong Kong and works with the Office for Safeguarding National Security.
Phrom Phiram district
Phrom Phiram (Thai: พรหมพิราม, pronounced [pʰrōm pʰí.rāːm]) is a district (amphoe) in the northwestern part of Phitsanulok province, central Thailand. The district name means "the beautiful city of Brahma".

Nan River
The Nan River (Thai: แม่น้ำน่าน, RTGS: Maenam Nan, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm nâːn]; Northern Thai: ᨶᩣᩴ᩶ᩯᨾ᩵ᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ, pronounced [náːm mɛ̂ː nâːn]) is a river in Thailand. It is one of the most important tributaries of the Chao Phraya River.
Signal-flow graph
A signal-flow graph or signal-flowgraph (SFG), invented by Claude Shannon, but often called a Mason graph after Samuel Jefferson Mason who coined the term, is a specialized flow graph, a directed graph in which nodes represent system variables, and branches (edges, arcs, or arrows) represent functional connections between pairs of nodes. Thus, signal-flow graph theory builds on that of directed graphs (also called digraphs), which includes as well that of oriented graphs. This mathematical theory of digraphs exists, of course, quite apart from its applications.

SFGs are most commonly used to represent signal flow in a physical system and its controller(s), forming a cyber-physical system.  Among their other uses are the representation of signal flow in various electronic networks and amplifiers, digital filters, state-variable filters and some other types of analog filters.  In nearly all literature, a signal-flow graph is associated with a set of linear equations.

Bond graph
A bond graph is a graphical representation of the energy flows though and between physical dynamical systems including those in the electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical domains. It is used to model and analyse systems relevant to engineering and to systems biology.
2023 FC Seoul season
The 2023 season was FC Seoul's 40th season in the K League 1. The club also participated in the 2023 edition of the FA Cup, being knocked out on the third round. A defeat in the FA Cup Final and a 9th place finish on 2022 means the club does not participate in the 2023-24 AFC Champions League.

K League 1
The K League 1 (Korean: K리그1) is a professional association football league in South Korea and the highest level of the South Korean football league system. The league is contested by twelve clubs. It is one of the most successful leagues in the Asian Football Confederation, with its past and present clubs having won a record twelve AFC Champions League titles.
John Williams (running back)
John Alan Williams (born October 26, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Seattle Seahawks, New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts. He also was a member of the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders in the United States Football League (USFL). He played college football at the University of Wisconsin.

Philadelphia / Baltimore Stars
The Philadelphia / Baltimore Stars were a professional American football team which played in the United States Football League (USFL) in the mid-1980s.  Owned by real-estate magnate Myles Tanenbaum, they were the short-lived league's dominant team, playing in all three championship games and winning the latter two. They played their first two seasons in Philadelphia as the Philadelphia Stars before relocating to Baltimore, where they played as the Baltimore Stars for the USFL's final season. Coached by Jim Mora, the Stars won a league-best 41 regular season games and 7 playoff games.
11 Cephei
11 Cephei is a single star in the northern constellation of Cepheus, located 179 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.55. The star has a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.153 arc seconds per annum. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −38 km/s.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K0.5 III, having exhausted the hydrogen at its core and expanded. It is a red clump giant, which means it is currently on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at the core. 11 Cephei is 670 million years old with 2.4 times the mass of the Sun and 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating around 95 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,446 K.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
Violin technique
Playing the violin entails holding the instrument between the jaw and the collar bone (see below for variations of this posture). The strings are sounded either by drawing the bow across them (arco), or by plucking them (pizzicato). The left hand regulates the sounding length of the strings by stopping them against the fingerboard with the fingers, producing different pitches.

Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. The academic field concerned with hearing is auditory science.

Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses. Partial or total inability to hear is called hearing loss.

In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system: mechanical waves, known as vibrations, are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain (primarily in the temporal lobe). Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation.
Rotafolia
Rotafolia is a genus of the extinct Sphenophyllales horsetails. The species Rotafolia songziensis was first described as Bowmanites songziensis in 1984, based on a fossilized strobilus, and transferred to the new genus Rotafolia in 2005.

Equisetidae
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.

The Equisetidae were formerly regarded as a separate division of spore plants and called Equisetophyta, Arthrophyta, Calamophyta or Sphenophyta. When treated as a class, the names Equisetopsida s.s. and Sphenopsida have also been used. They are now recognized as rather close relatives of the ferns (Polypodiopsida) of which they form a specialized lineage. However, the division between the horsetails and the other ferns is so ancient that many botanists, especially paleobotanists, still regard this group as fundamentally separate at the higher level.
Australian golden whistler
The Australian golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis) or golden whistler, is a species of passerine bird in the family Pachycephalidae. It is found in forest, woodland, mallee, mangrove and scrub in Australia (except the interior and most of the north). Most populations are resident, but some in south-eastern Australia migrate north during the winter. Its taxonomy is highly complex and remains a matter of dispute, with some authorities including as many as 59 subspecies of the golden whistler (one of the highest numbers of subspecies in any bird), while others treat several of these as separate species.

John Latham (ornithologist)
John Latham FRS (27 June 1740 – 4 February 1837) was an English physician, naturalist and author. His main works were A General Synopsis of Birds (1781–1801) and A General History of Birds (1821–1828). He was able to examine specimens of Australian birds that reached England in the final twenty years of the 18th century, and was responsible for providing English names for many of them. He named some of Australia's most famous birds, including the emu, sulphur-crested cockatoo, wedge-tailed eagle, superb lyrebird, Australian magpie, magpie-lark, white-throated needletail and pheasant coucal. Latham has been called the "grandfather" of Australian ornithology. He was also the first to describe the hyacinth macaw from South America.
Handscapes
Handscapes is a double live album by The Piano Choir featuring Stanley Cowell, Nat Jones, Hugh Lawson, Webster Lewis, Harold Mabern, Danny Mixon, and Sonelius Smith recorded in 1972 and first released on the Strata-East label.

Strata-East Records
Strata-East Records is an American record company and label specialising in jazz founded in 1971 by Charles Tolliver and Stanley Cowell with the release of their first recording Music Inc. The label released over 50 albums in the 1970s. Many of the label's releases are now hailed as prime examples of 1970s post-bop, spiritual jazz, and afro-jazz.

Gil Scott-Heron recorded his 1974 album Winter in America with Brian Jackson for Strata-East. "The Bottle" featured on the album, was a popular single. This album stands as one of the label's best-known recordings.

Clifford Jordan and Bill Lee, father of Spike Lee, were involved in many releases.
Disk wind
In astronomy, a disk wind is a particle outflow observed around accretion disks, mainly near protoplanetary disks and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The disk wind is made up of a gaseous and a dusty component. Especially in edge-on protoplanetary disks this disk wind can be directly imaged.

Accretion disk
An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body. The central body is most frequently a star. Friction, uneven irradiance, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and other forces induce instabilities causing orbiting material in the disk to spiral inward toward the central body. Gravitational and frictional forces compress and raise the temperature of the material, causing the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object's mass. Accretion disks of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared; those around neutron stars and black holes in the X-ray part of the spectrum. The study of oscillation modes in accretion disks is referred to as diskoseismology.
Charles Huson
Charles Huson (1712–1777) was an Irish Anglican priest.

Huson was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College there, He was Archdeacon of Leighlin from 1763 to 1769; and Archdeacon of Ferns from 1769 until his death.

He is buried in the grounds of St Iberius, Wexford.

Archdeacon of Ferns
The Archdeacon of Ferns is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Church of Ireland. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Ferns Diocese, now part of the Diocese of Cashel and Ossory.

The archdeaconry can trace its history from Reginald, the first known incumbent, who held the office between 1223 and 1230, to the current incumbent Bob Gray who was appointed in 2015.