hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Circasemidian rhythm
In chronobiology, a circasemidian rhythm is a physiological arousal cycle that peaks twice in a 24-hour day. It may also be called the semicircadian rhythm. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human circadian rhythms in many measures of performance and physiological activity have a 2-peak daily (circasemidian) pattern. The word, circasemidian, is based upon the Latin words circa ("about"), semi ("half") and dia ("day"). Thus, this is a rhythm that has two cycles per day, and some investigators have referred to it as the semicircadian rhythm. It usually serves to (1) deepen the pre-dawn nadir in body temperature and cognitive performance, (2) create a flat spot during the early afternoon in the daytime increase in body temperature and cognitive performance (the "post-lunch dip"), and (3) heighten the early-evening peak in body temperature and cognitive performance. Broughton was the first to bring this characteristic of human performance to the attention of researchers.

Chronobiology
Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms. Chronobiology comes from the ancient Greek χρόνος (chrónos, meaning "time"), and biology, which pertains to the study, or science, of life. The related terms chronomics and chronome have been used in some cases to describe either the molecular mechanisms involved in chronobiological phenomena or the more quantitative aspects of chronobiology, particularly where comparison of cycles between organisms is required.

Chronobiological studies include but are not limited to comparative anatomy, physiology, genetics, molecular biology and behavior of organisms related to their biological rhythms.  Other aspects include epigenetics, development, reproduction, ecology and evolution.
Telish Rock
Telish Rock (Bulgarian: скала Телиш, ‘Skala Telish’ ska-'la te-'lish) is the islet off the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated 400 m (437 yd) south of Elephant Point and 3 km (1.86 mi) northwest by west of Enchantress Rocks.  Extending 300 by 180 m (328 by 197 yd).  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The islet is named after the settlement of Telish in northern Bulgaria.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Ole Holger Petersen
Ole Holger Petersen (born 3 March 1943) is a Danish-born research professor at Cardiff University where he studies physiology, especially calcium signalling and the pancreas.  He was born in 1943 in Copenhagen, the first son of Joergen Petersen, an officer in the Danish navy, and Elisabeth née Klein, a pianist.

Prior to this he was Symers Professor of Physiology at the University of Dundee, and then George Holt Professor of Physiology at the University of Liverpool.

Petersen was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2000 "for his major contributions to the understanding of the cell physiology of calcium signalling", and appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours, "for services to Science".

Petersen was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales in 2011. He is also a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci).

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Rational pricing
In financial economics, rational pricing is the assumption that asset pricing models reflect the arbitrage-free price of the asset. This assumption is fundamental to the pricing of derivative instruments and useful in pricing fixed income securities.

According to rational pricing models, where a mismatch exists between two or more markets, arbitrage will occur such that the arbitrageur makes a risk-free profit by purchasing and short-selling simultaneously in both markets. By doing so, the arbitrageur may deliver the purchased asset to the buyer, receiving that higher price, whilst paying the seller on the cheaper market with the proceeds and pocketing the difference. As such, the law of one price holds across trading exchanges; prices of assets with identical cash flows equalise; and the price of assets with known future cash flows may be calculated in advance.

Rational pricing assumptions are a key aspect of mathematical finance and the fundamental theorem of asset pricing.

Risk-free rate
The risk-free rate of return, usually shortened to the risk-free rate, is the rate of return of a hypothetical investment with scheduled payments over a fixed period of time that is assumed to meet all payment obligations.

Since the risk-free rate can be obtained with no risk, any other investment having some risk will have to have a higher rate of return in order to induce any investors to hold it.

In practice, to infer the risk-free interest rate in a particular currency, market participants often choose the yield to maturity on a risk-free bond issued by a government of the same currency whose risks of default are so low as to be negligible. For example, the rate of return on zero-coupon Treasury bonds (T-bills) is sometimes seen as the risk-free rate of return in US dollars.
Australian Plays
Australian Plays is a 1969-1970 Australian anthology TV drama series that aired on the ABC. It consisted of six original Australian dramas.

It was the first Australian drama play since Lucullus in Sydney and Cobwebs in Concrete in Melbourne.

It was the first Australian anthology series since Australian Playhouse and was described by the ABC as "representative of contemporary Australian writers and the development of Australian television drama today." It was produced by Eric Taylor. It was meant to be followed by a series Company of Eight which will have a regular repertory company of eight actors. Australian TV drama was relatively rare at the time.

Australian Playhouse
Australian Playhouse was an Australian anthology TV series featuring the work of Australian writers.

It ran for two series consisting of 40 episodes. Among the featured productions were works by Pat Flower who was the main writer having written 10 episodes, other writers included Tony Morphett, John Warwick, Barbara Vernon, Richard Lane, James Davern and David Sale
St Newlyn East
St Newlyn East (Cornish: Eglosnywlin) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is approximately three miles (5 km) south of Newquay. The name St Newlyn East is locally abbreviated to Newlyn East and according to an anonymous historian writing in The Cornishman in 1880 it was only in recent years that Saint had been added to the parish name.

The parish is named after the patron saint of the church, St Newlina, and the population was 1,390 in the 2001 census, which had increased to 1,635 at the 2011 census. There is also an electoral ward named Newlyn and Goonhavern which following the 2011 census had a population of 4,933.

The Lappa Valley Steam Railway tourist attraction operates near Newlyn East. At Trerice is the Tudor mansion of the Arundells now in the care of the National Trust. To the northeast is Tresillian House.

The village has a primary school.

Goonhavern
Goonhavern (Cornish: Goonhavar) is a village in Cornwall, England, in the civil parish of Perranzabuloe. It is located along the A3075 road, about two miles east of Perranporth.

As well as a village store and post office, a garden centre and several campsites, there is a public house named 'The New Inn' in the centre of the village. Until recently, a model village was a visitor attraction beside the B3285 southeast of Goonhavern. A traditional village show is held in the community hall in July, with prizes awarded for the local produce, flower arrangements, art, craft and photography.

The name Goonhavern comes from the Cornish words goon, meaning 'downs', and havar, meaning 'summer fallow land'.
Government of California
The government of California is the governmental structure of the U.S. state of California as established by the California Constitution. California uses the separation of powers system to structure its government. It is composed of three branches: the executive, consisting of the governor of California and the other constitutionally elected and appointed officers and offices; the legislative, consisting of the California State Legislature, which includes the Assembly and the Senate; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts. There is also local government, consisting of counties, cities, special districts, and school districts, as well as government entities and offices that operate independently on a constitutional, statutory, or common law basis. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall and ratification.

Law of California
The law of California consists of several levels, including constitutional, statutory, and regulatory law, as well as case law. The California Codes form the general statutory law, and most state agency regulations are available in the California Code of Regulations.
Legalism (theology)
In Christian theology, "legalism" (or "nomism") is a pejorative term applied by some denominations and sects to the idea that "by doing good works or by obeying the law, a person earns and merits salvation." The term has been criticized by certain Christian traditions, such as Conservative Anabaptists who have said that being a disciple of Jesus means being obedient to New Testament commands (such as the holy kiss, baptism, communion, headcovering, and feet washing), and the same is "crucial evidence that an individual has repented, believed, and yielded to Christ."

Sect
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organization to follow a distinct set of beliefs and practices. Sects often form when there is a perception of heresy either within the subgroup or from the larger group.

In an Indian context, sect refers to an organized tradition.
Administrator of the Turks and Caicos
Administrator of the Turks and Caicos was the administrator of the Turks and Caicos from 1859 to 1973. It replaced the previous post of Commissioner of the Turks and Caicos and was replaced by the Governor of the Turks and Caicos after 1973.

A list of administrators:

Geoffrey Colin Guy (1921–2006) 1959–1965

Robert Everard Wainwright (1913–1990) 1965, 1967–1971

John Anthony Golding (1920–2012) 1965–1967

Alexander Graham Mitchell (1923–2010) 1971–1973

John Anthony Golding
John Anthony Golding CVO (25 July 1920 – 18 April 2012) was a British colonial administrator who served as Administrator of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1965 to 1967. He was awarded a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) personally by Queen Elizabeth II on her visit to the islands in February 1966. He was educated at Bedford School. He died in April 2012 at the age of 91.
Neil Hubbard
Neil Terrence Hubbard (born 24 February 1948) is a British guitarist who has performed with Juicy Lucy, The Grease Band, Bluesology, Joe Cocker, Roxy Music, Kokomo, Alvin Lee, B.B. King, Kevin Rowland, Dexys Midnight Runners, Bryan Ferry and Tony O'Malley, and played on the original 1970 concept album Jesus Christ Superstar.

Alvin Lee
Alvin Lee (born Graham Anthony Barnes; 19 December 1944 – 6 March 2013) was an English guitarist, singer and songwriter, who was best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the blues rock band Ten Years After.
Avro Andover
The Avro Andover was a 1920s British military transport aircraft built by Avro for the Royal Air Force. Four aircraft were built, in two versions. Three aircraft, the Type 561, were used as flying ambulances. The sole example of the Type 563 was used as a 12-seater transport.

Rolls-Royce Condor
The Rolls-Royce Condor aircraft piston engine is a larger version of the Rolls-Royce Eagle developing up to 675 horsepower (503 kilowatts). The engine first ran in 1918 and a total of 327 engines were recorded as being built.
March to Reims
After the French lifted the siege of Orléans and won a decisive victory at the Battle of Patay, the English and Burgundians no longer posed a threat. Joan of Arc convinced the Dauphin Charles to go to Reims for his coronation. Successfully marching their army though the heart of territory held by the hostile Burgundians solidified the Dauphin’s regrasp of the throne of France. He had been disinherited from it through the Treaty of Troyes.

Catherine of Valois
Catherine of Valois or Catherine of France (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was Queen of England from 1420 until 1422. A daughter of King Charles VI of France, she married King Henry V of England and was the mother of King Henry VI. Catherine's marriage was part of a plan to eventually place Henry V on the throne of France, and perhaps end what is now known as the Hundred Years' War. But, although her son Henry VI was later crowned in Paris, the war continued.

After Henry V's death, Catherine's unexpected marriage to Sir Owen Tudor helped lead to the rise of the House of Tudor's fortunes and to her Tudor grandson's eventual elevation to the throne as King Henry VII of England.
Makino Kurumazuka Kofun
The Makino Kurumazuka Kofun (牧野車塚古墳)  is a Kofun period keyhole-shaped burial mound, located in the Ogura Higashimachi neighborhood of the city of Hirakata, Osaka in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1922 with the area under protection expanded in 1980.

Hirakata
Hirakata (枚方市, Hirakata-shi) is a city in northeastern Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 397,681 in 183075 households and a population density of 6100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 65.12 square kilometres (25.14 sq mi).
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Matthew Dunn of Australia.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.

1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Matthew Dunn of Australia.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.
Strachan, Aberdeenshire
Strachan (STRAWN) is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland that lies along the Water of Feugh, a tributary of the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, a few miles southwest of Banchory.

The village of Strachan is located in the Grampian Highlands of Scotland, about 20 miles southwest of Aberdeen. Its name is derived from the Scottish Gaelic word strath meaning broad valley and aan (pronounced "awn") like lawn.

To the northeast of the village is Scolty Hill, best known for the 20m tall tower monument, built in 1840 as a memorial to General Burnett who fought alongside the Duke of Wellington.

To the south, the B974 road crosses the river and heads over the mountain pass of Cairn o' Mount on its way to the village of Fettercairn.

Banchory
Banchory (/ˈbæŋxəri/, Scots: Banchry, Scottish Gaelic: Beannchar) is a burgh or town in Aberdeenshire, historically in Kincardineshire, Scotland. It is about 18 miles (29 km) west of Aberdeen, near where the Feugh River meets the River Dee.
Stump (band)
Stump were an Irish-English indie/experimental/rock group consisting of Mick Lynch (vocals), Rob McKahey (drums), Kev Hopper (bass) and Chris Salmon (guitar). Their music has been described as a mixture of Captain Beefheart and The Fall, and they are best known for their influential, critically acclaimed, but poor selling 1988 album, A Fierce Pancake.

Sanctuary Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is, as of 2013, a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest music management company in the world. It was also the world's largest independent owner of music intellectual property rights, with over 160,000 songs.
Rigvedic dialogue hymns
The Rigveda contains a number of dialogue hymns (saṃvāda-sūktas) in the form of dialogues, representing the earliest surviving sample of this genre. It can be argued to be an early precursor of Indian classical drama. They are found in the youngest part of the Rigveda (RV 1 and RV 10), dating to roughly the 12th to 10th centuries BC, with the exception of the older River hymn (RV 3.33), where the rivers answer in reply to Vishvamitra's prayer.

1.179 Agastya and Lopamudra (5 trishtubhs, 1 brhati)

3.33 Vishvamitra and the Rivers (12 trishtubhs, 1 anushtubh)

10.10: dialogue of Yama and Yami (12 anushtubhs)

10.51 Agni and the gods (9 trishtubhs)

10.86 Indrani, Indra, the "he-ape" Vrshakapi and his wife

10.95: dialogue of Pururavas and Urvashi (18 trishtubhs)

10.183: dialogue between the sacrificer and his wife (3 trishtubhs)

Mandala 3
The third Mandala of the Rigveda has 62 hymns, mainly to Agni and Indra. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early Vedic period (1500 – 1000 BCE). Most hymns in this book are attributed to Viśvāmitra Gāthinaḥ.

The verse 3.62.10 gained great importance in Hinduism as the Gayatri Mantra.
7×20mm Nambu
The 7×20mm Nambu is a rimless, bottleneck handgun cartridge designed in Japan for use in the Type B or "Baby" model Nambu pistol.  The cartridge is a scaled-down version of the 8×22mm Nambu used in all other Nambu pistol models. It has a muzzle energy greater than that of the .25 ACP and closer to the .32 ACP.

.25 ACP
The .25 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as the .25 Auto, .25 Automatic, 6.35mm Browning, or 6.35×16mmSR is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled centerfire pistol cartridge introduced by John Moses Browning in 1905 alongside the Fabrique Nationale M1905 pistol.
Lo Nuestro Award for Album of the Year
The Lo Nuestro Award for Album of the Year is an honor presented annually since 2016 by the American television network Univision at the Lo Nuestro Awards. The award was established to recognize the quality of recorded vocal or instrumental albums of Latin music. Nominees and winners are selected based on performance on the Billboard Latin music charts and social media polls, winners are selected via online voting. The trophy awarded is in the shape of a treble clef.

Throughout its history, the Lo Nuestro Awards originally always awarded albums by musical genre, but without any general category. The Album of the Year category was first added in 2016 and has been awarded to date with the exception of 2018 and 2019. The 30th ceremony was held in 2018, and a special program was made instead of voteable categories, while in 2019 it was decided to omit all album categories.

Lo Nuestro Awards
The Lo Nuestro Awards or Premios Lo Nuestro (Spanish for "Ours") is a Spanish-language awards show honoring the best of Latin music, presented by TelevisaUnivision, and is carried by its Univision network in association with its related radio stations known as the Uforia Audio Network.

The awards ceremony features famous Latino actors, musicians and show business personalities. The show is broadcast all over the Americas. In February 2006, Univision announced that closed captioning in English would be offered for the first time in the history of the broadcast. The 2013 edition, which officially marked its 25th anniversary on the network, was dedicated to singer Jenni Rivera after her death in December 2012.
Bodanrück
Bodanrück (lit. 'Bodan rise') is the 112 km2 (43 sq mi) wide peninsula that divides Lake Constance (Bodensee) into Überlinger See (part of Obersee) and Gnadensee, which is part of Untersee. At its southern end, it reaches the Seerhein, which links Obersee with Untersee.

It is bordered by the island of Mainau to the east and Triboldingerbohl and Reichenau Islands to the west. The Markelfinger Winkel separates it from the Mettnau peninsula. The nature reserve Wollmatinger Ried lies at the southern shore of Bodanrück. Mindelsee is a small lake located on the peninsula.

Bodanrück lies entirely within the Konstanz district in the south of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It was historically part of the Hegau region in the Duchy of Swabia. The northern part of the city of Konstanz, Radolfzell (Markelfingen) and Allensbach are located on the peninsula. The settlements on the western shore are connected with Konstanz station via the High Rhine Railway line.

Markelfinger Winkel
The Markelfinger Winkel is the part of Lake Constance between the upper part of the Mettnau Peninsula and Markelfingen. It is the northwestern continuation of the Gnadensee and its parent lake, the Untersee ("Lower Lake Constance"). It has an area of around one square kilometre.
Theophilus Danjuma
Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma GCON FSS psc (born 9 December 1938) is a Nigerian politician and retired lieutenant general who played a key role in post-independence military and political events in Nigeria. Danjuma amassed an enormous fortune through shipping and petroleum.

He was Chief of Army Staff from July 1975 to October 1978. He was also Minister of Defence under President Olusegun Obasanjo's administration.

Defence Minister of Nigeria
The Federal Minister of Defence of Nigeria is the Federal Executive Council official who leads the Defence Ministry of Nigeria. The Defence Minister's main responsibility is to manage all branches of the Nigerian Armed Forces, to maintain a modern, competent, and professional military force for the protection of the national territory, maritime interests, airspace, and constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.