hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legislature II of Italy
The Legislature II of Italy (Italian: II Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 2nd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 25 June 1953 until 11 June 1958. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 7 June 1953.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Soferim (Talmud)
Masekhet Soferim (Hebrew: מסכת סופרים), the "Tractate of the Scribes", is a non-canonical Talmudic tractate dealing especially with the rules relating to the preparation of holy books, as well as with the laws of Torah reading. One of the minor tractates, it is generally thought to have originated in eighth-century Land of Israel. Being of late and uncertain date, it is now generally printed as Talmudic addenda.

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Valiha (plant)
Valiha is a bamboo genus in the tribe Bambuseae found in Madagascar. The genus is named after a musical instrument, the valiha, which was formerly constructed from the culms of this plant. It may have come from Proto-Austronesian *balija or *baliga referring to Dendrocalamus strictus used to make cutting blades and beaters due to its hard properties – the beater tool also called a belira or balila in many related Austronesian languages – later transferred to newly discovered Malagasy bamboos.

Valiha
The valiha is a tube zither from Madagascar made from a species of local bamboo; it is considered the "national instrument" of Madagascar. The term is also used to describe a number of related zithers of differing shapes and materials.

The instrument has been held in high regard among the Malagasy particularly in the Merina rule over the island that having long fingernails ideal for plucking its strings were marks "distinguishing the aristocracy from the labourers". Aside from recreational music, the valiha is also used for ritual music to summon spirits.

It is commonly believed in Madagascar that the valiha is "inherited from King David", as part of a larger origin myth of Jewish provenance of Malagasy people.
Spur Corporation
Spur Corporation Limited is a South African restaurant company. It operates a number of franchise chains, among them Casa Bella, Panarotti's‚ RocoMamas and Spur Steak Ranches. The company was founded by Allen Ambor in 1967, when he opened the Golden Spur in Newlands, Cape Town. It is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange as SUR.

JSE Limited
The JSE Limited (previously the JSE Securities Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and commonly referred to as the JSE) is a stock exchange in South Africa, and the largest in Africa by market capitalization. It has been located in Sandton, Gauteng, since it moved from Johannesburg CBD in 2000.

As of January 2026, the JSE had a market capitalization of R24.22 trillion (roughly €1.27 trillion / £1.1 trillion / $1.48 trillion), and a total of 431 listed companies. In the same month, the FTSE/JSE All-Share Index (ALSI) hit 100,000 points - the highest since its foundation.

The JSE accounts for around 60% of Africa's total equity market value, with large, liquid, globally-integrated companies across numerous economic sectors. In terms of market cap, it is larger than the next nine ranking African stock exchanges combined.
2015 Sarasota Open
The 2015 Sarasota Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 7th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sarasota, Florida, United States between April 11 and April 19, 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Yellowtail mullet
The yellowtail mullet (Minimugil cascasia) is a species of potamodromous ray-finned fish, a mullet belonging to the family Mugilidae. It is the only species in the genus Minimugil. It is found in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.

Mullet (fish)
The mullets or grey mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and some species in fresh water. Mullets have served as an important source of food in Mediterranean Europe since Roman times. In ancient Egypt, people ate pickled and dried mullet called fesikh. The family includes about 78 species in 26 genera.

Mullets are distinguished by the presence of two separate dorsal fins, small triangular mouths, and the absence of a lateral line organ. They feed on detritus, and most species have unusually muscular stomachs and a complex pharynx to help in digestion.
R101 (Italy)
R101 (formerly Radio Milano International, 101 Network, Radio 101, One-O-One, and Radio 101, current name since June 6, 2005) is an Italian radio station that broadcasts adult contemporary music and news bulletins from TG5 and TGCOM.

It is headquartered in Milan, Italy and is owned by RadioMediaset.

TGcom
TGcom was an Italian news Website owned by Mediaset, launched on March 8, 2001. The Website contained mainly Italian and international news coverage, as well as political and entertainment news. TGcom was closely linked to its sister department Website, that of TGfin, based on Il Sole 24 Ore Radiocor bulletins. TGcom brand was also used to produce news bulletins on Mediaset television channels.
TGcom was closed November 28, 2011, the day in which it was replaced by TGcom24.
Leonid Enik
Leonid Enik was Minister for Culture of Abkhazia from 2001 until 10 March 2005. He was born in 1960 in the village of Mgudzurkhva in Gudauta District.

On 29 January 2016, Leonid Enik was appointed as the new General Director of the Abkhazian State TV and Radio, succeeding Emma Khojava, who had been dismissed, upon her own request, on 25 January.

During his tenure, Enik was criticised by other journalists, in particular his predecessor Khojava. In October, he announced that he wanted to resign due to ill health, and on 4 November he was replaced by former Education Minister Tali Japua.

Minister for Culture and the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Abkhazia
The Ministry for Culture and the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Abkhazia (Russian: Министр культуры и сохранения историко-культурного наследия Абхазии) is a government agency of Abkhazia which holds an ministerial position in the Abkhazian government.
Romeo.Juliet
Romeo.Juliet is a 1990 Belgian film adaptation of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, directed by Armando Acosta. The film features a cast of feral cats from Venice, New York City, Verona, and Ghent, voiced by British actors including John Hurt, Dame Maggie Smith, Sir Ben Kingsley, Vanessa Redgrave, and Francesca Annis. The production combines live-action footage of cats with Sergei Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet ballet music, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. The film premiered out of competition at the 47th Venice International Film Festival on 6 September 1990.

Characters in Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare's tragic play Romeo and Juliet, set in Verona, Italy, features the eponymous protagonists Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. The cast of characters includes members of their respective families and households; Prince Escalus, the city's ruler, and his kinsmen, Count Paris and Mercutio; and various unaffiliated characters such as Friar Laurence and the Chorus. In addition, the play contains two ghost characters, Petruchio and Valentine, and an unseen character, Rosaline.
2021 Soul Train Music Awards
The 2021 Soul Train Music Awards took place on November 28, 2021, to recognize the best in soul, R&B and Hip-Hop music. The ceremony aired on BET, BET Her, VH1 and MTV2, with actors Tisha Campbell & Tichina Arnold hosting the ceremony for the fourth time. The nominations were announced on November 2, 2021, with H.E.R. leading with eight nominations, followed by Chris Brown with seven. Maxwell was honored with the Legend Award and Ashanti was honored with the Lady of Soul Award for her contributions to the music industry.

Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
James Samuel "Jimmy Jam" Harris III (born June 6, 1959) and Terry Steven Lewis (born November 24, 1956) are an American R&B/pop songwriting and record production team. Their productions have received commercial success since the 1980s with various artists, most extensively Janet Jackson. They have written 31 top ten hits in the UK and 41 in the US. In 2022, the duo were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Musical Excellence category.
June Dally-Watkins
June Marie Dally-Watkins OAM (née Skewes; 13 June 1927 – 22 February 2020) was an Australian businesswoman and fashion model, recognised by the  Australian honours system as an entrepreneur. In 1950 she started a  personal-development school in Sydney to train young women in etiquette and deportment. A year later, she started Australia's first model agency and  modelling school, and later established a Business Finishing College. She later became a public proponent of etiquette and elocution, and frequently commented on those topics in the media.

In 1993, Dally-Watkins received an Order of Australia Medal for her contribution to business.

In 2014 she featured on the popular Australian television show Bogan Hunters on the 7mate channel, where she provided information relating to etiquette to series winners.

In 2019 she taught etiquette to women in China.

Etiquette
Etiquette (/ˈɛtikɛt, -kɪt/) can be defined as a set of norms of personal behavior in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviors that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practiced by a society, a social class, or a social group. In modern English usage, the French word étiquette (label and tag) dates from the year 1750 and also originates from the French word for "ticket," possibly symbolizing a person's entry into society through proper behavior. There are many important historical figures that have helped to shape the meaning of the term as well as provide varying perspectives.
Wolfgang Boss
Wolfgang Boss is a German music executive, producer and president of A&R for  Sony Music Entertainment company.  
Wolfgang holds the position of Sony Music's Executive President A&R globally since 2013. With more than 100 gold and platinum certifications Wolfgang Boss is one of the most successful A&R executives of the last two decades.

Alle Farben
Frans Zimmer (born 5 June 1985), better known by his stage name Alle Farben (meaning All Colors in German) is a German DJ and producer. Since 2014 Zimmer is signed to the record label Guesstimate/b1 Recordings and the publishing house Budde Music.
Ryan Koh
Ryan Koh is an American television writer. He is currently a writer and co-executive producer for The Simpsons. He has also worked as a writer and producer on The Office, New Girl, Workaholics, and Cougar Town.

The Simpsons season 34
The thirty-fourth season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between September 25, 2022, and May 21, 2023. The season consisted of twenty-two episodes. This was the second of two seasons ordered by Fox. It was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation. The primary showrunner for the season was Matt Selman. The series was renewed for seasons 35 and 36 on January 26, 2023.

Episodes this season won two Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Animated Program. It also won one Writers Guild of America Award and was nominated for another one. It was also nominated for one Annie Award.
2003 NASDAQ-100 Open
The 2003 NASDAQ-100 Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the Miami Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour and of Tier I of the 2003 WTA Tour. Both the men's and women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida in the United States from March 17 through March 30, 2003.

Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April. The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.

The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world. It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Following the Indian Wells Open, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.

In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments.
Lesser palatine foramina
The lesser palatine foramina are a pair of foramina (openings) on each of the palatine bones, which form the posterior roof of the human mouth. They are sometimes referred to as the minor palatine foramina. The lesser palatine foramina form a passage through the bone for the lesser palatine nerves and the lesser palatine arteries so that they may reach the soft palate from above. They are positioned posterior to the greater palatine foramen, in the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.

Soft palate
The soft palate (also known as the velum, palatal velum, or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.  The soft palate is part of the palate of the mouth; the other part is the hard palate. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone.
1933 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1933 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 33rd staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Erin's Own were the defending champions.

Erin's Own won the championship after a 7–06 to 1–03 defeat of Dunhill in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their 7th title in succession.

1932 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1932 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 32nd staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Erin's Own were the defending champions.

Erin's Own won the championship after a 2–02 to 0–02 defeat of Tallow in the final. This was their sixth championship title overall and their sixth title in succession.
2022 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship
The 2022 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship was the third edition of the SAFF U-18 Women's Championship, an international football competition for women's under–18 national teams organized by SAFF. The tournament was held from 15 to 25 March 2022 in Jamshedpur, India.

India won the title of the SAFF U–18 Women's Championship 2022 after finishing on the top table with nine points and with a superior goal difference over Bangladesh.

SAFF U-20 Women's Championship
The SAFF U-18/U-19/U-20 Women's Championship is an annual international association football tournament for women's national football teams under the age of 18/19/20, governed by the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). All the seven teams of the member associations are eligible to compete in tournament, unless sanctioned by AFC or FIFA.
Litti (dish)
Litti (Bhojpuri: 𑂪𑂲𑂗𑂲 romanized: leetee) is a wholewheat flour dough ball stuffed with a spiced mixture of satui (roasted black chickpea flour). Litti, along with chokha, is a complete meal that is popular in the Indian states of Bihar, and eastern Uttar Pradesh, and the Nepalese provinces of Madhesh and Lumbini (eastern parts). It is also a popular street food in small towns and cities. Over the years it has gained international recognition.

It consists of a wheat dough ball filled with a mixture of roasted gram flour, spices, and herbs, which is then roasted on hot charcoal or dried cow dung fire. They can also be baked in an oven, roasted on a tava or fried.

Tava
A tava(h) / tawa(h) (mainly on the Indian subcontinent), saj (in Arabic), sac (in Azerbaijani and Turkish), and other variations,  is a metal cooking utensil. The tawa is round and is usually curved: the concave side is used as a wok or frying pan, the convex side for cooking flatbreads and pancakes. There are also flat tawas.

The Indian tawa might have a handle or not, and it can be made of cast iron, aluminium, or carbon steel. It may be enameled or given a non-stick surface. The tawa and saj are used in the cuisines of South, Central, and West Asia, as well as of the Balkans. The tawa is also used in Indo-Caribbean cuisine.
Buryat language
Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.

Syllable weight
In linguistics, syllable weight is the concept that syllables pattern together according to the number and/or duration of segments in the rime. In classical Indo-European verse, as developed in Greek, Sanskrit, and Latin, distinctions of syllable weight were fundamental to the meter of the line.
Aishwarya Majmudar
Aishwarya Majmudar is an Indian singer. Majmudar won the 2007–08 musical reality show STAR Voice of India - Chhote Ustad at the age of 15. She also took part in Music Ka Maha Muqabala on Himesh Reshamiya's "Himesh's Warriors" team.

Himesh Reshammiya
Himesh Reshammiya (born 23 July 1973), is an Indian playback singer, music director, songwriter, film and music producer, and actor in Hindi cinema, with over 1,300 songs to his credit as a music director. He started his career as a music director in the film Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya in 1998 and made his acting debut with the film Aap Kaa Surroor in 2007.

In August 2025, Reshammiya was ranked #22 in the Bloomberg's World's most influential pop-stars list and was the only Indian artist to feature on the list.
Lucienne Bogaert
Lucienne Bogaert (born Lucienne Jeanne Gabrielle Lefebvre; 6 January 1892 in Caudry, Nord – 4 February 1983 in Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine) was a French actress. She started her career in theatre, but later also worked in film. After she divorced her husband Robert Bogaert, she retained his name for professional purposes.

Paulette Pax
Paulette Pax (née Paulette Ménard born in 1887 in Russia – died in 1942 in Paris) was a French actress, theatre director and scenographer.

She co-directed the Théâtre de l'Œuvre from 1929 until her death succeeding Bella Rossellini.
Isaac de Forcade de Biaix
Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaak de Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaac von Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaac von Forcade, aka Peter Isaac von Forcade, aka Isaak von Forcade (c. 1703, in Pau, Béarn – 21 January 1775, in Potsdam, Prussia), was a Kingdom of Prussia colonel, Hofmarschall to the Prince of Prussia and recipient of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite. He was a descendant of the noble family of Forcade in Béarn, born as a Catholic, but emigrated to Brandenburg-Prussia at a young age, where he joined the Huguenot community in Berlin.

He is referred to in some historical sources as Isaac Quirin von Forcade, Marquis de Biaix, As with his uncle and first cousin, there is no evidence that he was ever a Marquis. Biaix was never, at any time in its history, a marquisate, but instead a noble manor in Pau (see also Manorialism).

Barzkowice
Barzkowice [baʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Barskewitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stargard, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) east of Stargard and 47 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 134 people.
2013 Oberstaufen Cup
The 2013 Oberstaufen Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Oberstaufen Cup, which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oberstaufen, Germany between 22 and 28 July 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates
Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by Ronald Reagan even before his presidency officially began, due to the advanced ages of several justices, and Reagan's own highlighting of Supreme Court nominations as a campaign issue. Reagan had promised "to appoint only those opposed to abortion and the 'judicial activism' of the Warren and Burger Courts". Conversely, some opposed to Reagan argued that he could "appoint as many as five Justices" and would "use the opportunity to stack the Court against women, minorities and social justice".

United States Secretary of Transportation
The United States secretary of transportation is the head of the United States Department of Transportation. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters relating to transportation. The secretary is a statutory member of the Cabinet of the United States, and is fourteenth in the presidential line of succession.

The secretary of transportation oversees the U.S. Department of Transportation, which has over 55,000 employees and thirteen agencies, including the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. As of January 2021, the secretary receives an annual salary of $221,400.

Sean Duffy has served as the 20th secretary of transportation since January 28, 2025. He was appointed by President Donald Trump to serve this position, and was confirmed by the Senate in a 77-22 vote.