hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Asian English
South Asian English, informally Desi English, refers to English dialects spoken in most modern-day South Asian countries, inherited from British English dialect. Also known as Anglo-Indian English during the British Raj, the English language was introduced to the Indian subcontinent in the early 17th century. Today it is spoken as a second language by about 350 million people, 20% of the total population.

Although it is fairly homogeneous across the subcontinent, sharing "linguistic features and tendencies at virtually all linguistic levels", there are some differences based on various regional factors.

South Asian English is sometimes just called "Indian English", as British India included most of modern-day South Asia (except Afghanistan); but today, the varieties of English are officially divided according to the modern states:

Bangladeshi English

Indian English

Maldivian English

Nepalese English

Pakistani English

Sri Lankan English

Nepalese English
Nepalese English refers to a variety of the English language principally used in Nepal as well as neighboring Sikkim and Gorkhaland regions of India. It is heavily influenced by the Indo-Aryan languages of Nepal.

Many Nepalese speak English as a second or foreign language, with English use being most prevalent among city dwellers residing in Kathmandu (the capital of Nepal). Although Nepali is the native language, English is the primary language used for business in Nepal.  In Nepal, where modern English education began in the 1850s, there is little or no consensus among teachers and practitioners on whether to follow British, American or Indian variants of English, or allow the development of a Nepal-specific variety of English.

Colloquially, code-mixed Nepali and English is known as Nenglish (a term first recorded in 1999), or, less commonly, as Nepanglish (2000) or Neplish (2002).
Chris Greenham
Chris Greenham (born Vivian C. Greenham) (21 April 1923 – 21 January 1989) was an Academy Award-winning English sound editor, known for his work on films including Superman, The Guns of Navarone and Born Free. He was the recipient of the Academy Award in 1962 for Best Effects for his work on The Guns of Navarone (shared with Bill Warrington).

The Guns of Navarone (film)
The Guns of Navarone is a 1961 epic war film directed by J. Lee Thompson, written and produced by Carl Foreman, and starring Gregory Peck, David Niven and Anthony Quinn, along with Stanley Baker, Anthony Quayle, Irene Papas, Gia Scala, Richard Harris and James Darren. It is an adaptation of Alistair MacLean's 1957 novel. The film follows the efforts of an Allied commando unit to destroy a seemingly impregnable German fortress that threatens Allied naval ships in the Aegean Sea.

A British and American co-production, the film was released by Columbia Pictures on April 28, 1961. It was a widespread critical and commercial success, and was the second top-grossing film of 1961. At the 34th Academy Awards, the film was nominated in six categories including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay; and won for Best Special Effects. Dimitri Tiomkin's score won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.

A sequel film, Force 10 from Navarone, was released in 1978.
The Rest
The Rest is a compilation album released by the Scottish band Deacon Blue in October 2012. It is part of the band's catalogue reissue program.

The Rest, as the title implies, contains tracks that were not necessarily associated with the studio albums, such as the Four Bacharach & David Songs EP and the Walking Back Home compilation. It also includes the new tracks featured on the band's 1994 and 2006 greatest hits compilations.

The Rest is also the title of a song from the band's most recent studio album, The Hipsters.

Walking Back Home
Walking Back Home is an album by Scottish pop rock band Deacon Blue released in 1999. It was their first album since reforming that year after disbanding in 1994. A part studio/part compilation album, it contains nine of their earlier songs coupled with eight brand-new or previously unreleased songs.
Anatoliy Romanenko
Anatoliy Yukhymovich Romanenko (Ukrainian: Анато́лій Юхи́мович Романе́нко; 15 December 1928 – 17 December 2025) was a Ukrainian politician. A member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he served as Minister of Health of the Ukrainian SSR from 1975 to 1989.

Romanenko died in Kyiv on 17 December 2025 at the age of 97.

Minister of Healthcare (Ukraine)
Minister of Healthcare of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністр охорони здоров'я (України)) is a member of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and a top government official heading the Ministry of Healthcare. The minister is appointed by the Prime Minister, while he or she is dismissed by the President.
Heteroclinic network
In mathematics, a heteroclinic network is an invariant set in the phase space of a dynamical system. It can be thought of loosely as the union of more than one heteroclinic cycle. Heteroclinic networks arise naturally in a number of different types of applications, including fluid dynamics and populations dynamics.

The dynamics of trajectories near to heteroclinic networks is intermittent: trajectories spend a long time performing one type of behaviour (often, close to equilibrium), before switching rapidly to another type of behaviour.  This type of intermittent switching behaviour has led to several different groups of researchers using them as a way to model and understand various type of neural dynamics.

Phase space
The phase space of a physical system is the set of all possible physical states of the system when described by a given parameterization. Each possible state corresponds uniquely to a point in the phase space. For mechanical systems, the phase space usually consists of all possible values of the position and momentum parameters. It is the direct product of direct space and reciprocal space. The concept of phase space was developed in the late 19th century by Ludwig Boltzmann, Henri Poincaré, and Josiah Willard Gibbs.
Topo Soft
Topo Soft was a Spanish software house for 8-bit home computers that emerged during the eighties. They were part of the golden era of Spanish software. It dissolved in 1994 due to economic problems related with the late arrival of 16-bit computers in Spain. Some of its workers founded Pyro Studios in 1998. However, there are also criticisms, and in 2019 Eugenio Barahona and Cancho acknowledged that sometimes the planning to produce a certain number of video games affected the quality, leaving no time to "finish them off in conditions, or simply test them in order to balance their playability before releasing them for sale".

Pyro Studios
Pyro Mobile was a video game developer based in Madrid, Spain, established in 2012 as a merger between Play Wireless and Pyro Studios and eventually ceasing operations in the second half of 2017. It is mostly known for its real-time tactics games series, Commandos.
Cook Islands Handball Association
The Cook Islands Handball Association (CIHA) is the governing body for the sport of handball and beach handball in the Cook Islands. CIHA is member of the Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF), International Handball Federation (IHF) and the Commonwealth Handball Association (CHA).

Oceania Continent Handball Federation
The Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF) is the governing body for the Olympic sport of Handball in Oceania. It was founded in 2014 and is affiliated to the International Handball Federation (IHF) and Asian Handball Federation (AHF).

The OCHF is administered by an executive committee elected annually by its members. The OCHF members are the local governing Handball federations in countries within the Oceania region that are also members of the
IHF and AHF.
Boulder Japan Cup 2021
The 2021 Boulder Japan Cup (Japanese: ボルダージャパンカップ2021, Hepburn: Borudā Japan Kappu 2021; or BJC 2021) was the 16th edition of the annual competition bouldering event organised by the Japan Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Association (JMSCA), held in Komazawa Olympic Park, Tokyo.

BJC is the sole selection event for Japan's national bouldering team. Athletes who place highly at the BJC are eligible to compete in the Boulder World Cups, subject to JMSCA's prevailing selection criteria. BJC 2021 was the first domestic competition of the 2021 season. 51 men and 40 women competed. Kokoro Fujii and Ai Mori claimed the men's and women's titles respectively, with Ai Mori  securing her first BJC title.

Ai Mori
Ai Mori (森 秋彩, Mori Ai; born September 17, 2003) is a Japanese professional rock climber who specializes in competition lead climbing and competition bouldering.

At the 2019 IFSC Climbing World Championships, Mori became the youngest Japanese athlete to finish in a podium place in the competition, third in lead. She has won Japan Cup titles in both bouldering and lead disciplines and has multiple IFSC Climbing World Cup podium finishes, including three gold medals in World Cup events in the 2022 season. At the 2023 IFSC Climbing World Championships, Mori won the gold medal in lead, becoming the first Japanese athlete to win a World Championships lead title.
Document Structure Description
Document Structure Description, or DSD, is a schema language for XML, that is, a language for describing valid XML documents. It's an alternative to DTD or the W3C XML Schema.

An example of DSD in its simplest form:

This says that element named "foo" in the XML namespace "http://example.com" may have two attributes, named "first" and "second". A "foo" element may not have any character data. It must contain one subelement, named "bar", also in the "http://example.com" namespace. A "bar" element is not allowed any attributes, character data or subelements.

One XML document that would be valid according to the above DSD would be:

XML Schema (W3C)
XSD (XML Schema Definition), a recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), specifies how to formally describe the elements in an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. It can be used by programmers to verify each piece of item content in a document, to assure it adheres to the description of the element it is placed in.

Like all XML schema languages, XSD can be used to express a set of rules to which an XML document must conform to be considered "valid" according to that schema. However, unlike most other schema languages, XSD was also designed with the intent that determination of a document's validity would produce a collection of information adhering to specific data types. Such a post-validation infoset can be useful in the development of XML document processing software.
Narcissus 'Gipsy Queen'
Narcissus 'Gipsy Queen' is a hybrid cultivar of daffodil, which was registered in 1969. It is one of 110 cultivars produced by British daffodil breeder Alec Gray. This variety was produced by hybridizing Narcissus minor with Narcissus asturiensis.

Narcissus asturiensis
Narcissus asturiensis, the pygmy daffodil, is a perennial bulbous plant native to the mountains of North Portugal and Spain, where it  grows at altitudes  up to 2000 m (6000 ft). As of March 2022, Kew sources consider the correct name to be Narcissus cuneiflorus.

This dwarf Narcissus is 7–12 cm (2.5– 5 in) tall and has small yellow flowers growing singly.

This is a threatened species in the wild, but it is amenable to cultivation.
It can be grown as a cold hardy garden plant, needing vernalization (a period of cold weather) in order to flower. As a garden plant, it will bloom in late January or early February at low altitudes.

This plant contains a number of alkaloids including hemanthamine, hemanthidine,  tazettine and epimacronine.
UAAP Season 69 volleyball tournaments
The volleyball tournaments of UAAP Season 69 ran from December 3, 2006 to February 21, 2007 at various locations within Metro Manila which include Rizal Memorial Coliseum, University of The Philippines Human Kinetics Gym and Ateneo Blue Eagle Gym.

UAAP Season 69
UAAP Season 69 was the 2006–07 season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).
The University of the East was the season host with the theme “Achieving Excellence in Sports Through Unity, Harmony and Commitment.” The season started with basketball competition on July 8, 2006 at the Araneta Coliseum.
2011–12 UEFA Champions League knockout phase
The knockout phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League began on 14 February with the round of 16, and concluded on 19 May 2012 with the final at Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

2011–12 UEFA Champions League
The 2011–12 UEFA Champions League was the 57th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 20th season in its current Champions League format. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one behind each goal – were used in all matches of the competition from the play-off round.

The final was held at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany. Chelsea's caretaker manager Roberto Di Matteo led the club to win their first Champions League title after beating Bayern Munich 4–3 on penalties in the final. As tenants of the Allianz Arena (known as Fußball Arena München for the final), Bayern were the first finalists to have home advantage since 1984. By winning the tournament, Chelsea earned a berth at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup and 2012 UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the eventual winners Chelsea in the semi-finals.
Diamantino Miranda
Diamantino Manuel Fernandes Miranda (born 3 August 1959), known simply as Diamantino in his playing days, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He also worked as a manager.

He most notably played for Benfica (11 seasons in two separate spells), appearing in more than 300 official matches and winning 11 major titles. After retiring, he embarked in a lengthy managerial career.

An international for five years, Diamantino represented Portugal at the 1986 World Cup and Euro 1984.

1989–90 European Cup
The 1989–90 European Cup was the 35th edition of Europe's premier club football tournament, the European Cup. The final was played at the Praterstadion in Vienna on 23 May 1990. The final was contested by Italian defending champions Milan and Portuguese twice former winners Benfica. Milan successfully defended their title with a 1–0 victory, securing their fourth European Cup trophy. Milan remained the last team to successfully defend their trophy until Real Madrid did it again in 2017. Arsenal were denied a place in the competition, as this was the last year of a ban from European competitions for English clubs following the Heysel Stadium disaster of 1985.
Hoatsin Island
Hoatsin Island (Bulgarian: остров Хоацин, romanized: ostrov Hoatsin, IPA: [ˈɔstrof hoɐˈt͡sin]) is the mostly ice-free island 795 m long in southeast–northwest direction and 360 m wide in the Dannebrog Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 16.85 ha.

The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling a hoatzin bird ('hoatsin' in Bulgarian), and in association with other descriptive names of islands in the area.

Dannebrog Islands
The Dannebrog Islands are a group of islands and rocks lying between the Wauwermans Islands and the Vedel Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago.

The Wilhelm Archipelago was first sighted and named by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74, and was resighted and the whole archipelago named the Dannebrog Islands by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, in appreciation of support given to Gerlache by Denmark. Dallmann's original naming has been retained for the archipelago, and the name Dannebrog restricted to the smaller group here described.
Beijing Township
Beijing Township (simplified Chinese: 北景乡; traditional Chinese: 北景鄉; pinyin: Běijǐng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Linyi County in southwestern Shanxi, China. As of 2020, it has 29 villages under its administration.

Beijing Village

Beili Village (北里村)

Dong Village (东村)

Jing Village (景村)

Nanjing Village (南景村)

Qi Village (齐村)

Shijiazhuang Village (石家庄村)

Xi Village (西村)

Zhang Village (张村)

Dayan Village (大闫村)

Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村)

Gaojiazhuang Village (高家庄村)

Jiazhuang Village (贾庄村)

Jiaojiaying Village (焦家营村)

Jingzhuang Village (景庄村)

Luo Village (罗村)

Majiayao Village (马家窑村)

Nanzhuang Village (南庄村)

Weizhuang Village (尉庄村)

Beizhi Village (贝支村)

Chenzhuang Village (陈庄村)

Fengxian Village (峰仙村)

Lijiazhuang Village (李家庄村)

Nandachen Village (南大陈村)

Nandian Village (南佃村)

Nanxue Village (南薛村)

Xichenzhai Village (西陈翟村)

Yanjiazhuang Village (闫家庄村)

Zhangbai Village (张白村)

Linyi County, Shanxi
Linyi County (simplified Chinese: 临猗县; traditional Chinese: 臨猗縣; pinyin: Línyī Xiàn) is a county in the southwest of Shanxi province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the west. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Nørre Herlev
Nørre Herlev (often abbreviated Nr. Herlev) is a village in Hillerød Municipality in North Zealand, Denmark. As of 1 January 2025 it has a population of 425 inhabitants. It is located in the southern part of the municipality, c. 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the town of Hillerød.

Nørre Herlev Church is located in the centre of the town. Since 1950, the village has been served by Brødeskov railway station (called Brødeskov to avoid confusion with Herlev railway station in Greater Copenhagen) located on the Frederiksværk railway line.

Hillerød Municipality
Hillerød Municipality (Danish: Hillerød Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the Capital Region of Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 212.99 km2 (82.24 sq. miles), and has a total population of 54,855 (1. January 2025).  The mayor of the municipality as of 1 January 2018 is Kirsten Jensen, a member of the Social Democratic political party.
2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – Pool B (Dushanbe)
Pool B (Dushanbe) of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Asia/Oceania zone of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with each team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I in 2023.

2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II zonal competition involving teams from Asia/Oceania. Using the positions determined in their pools, the eighteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II. The top two teams advanced to Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I.
Anemone Is Not the Enemy
Anemone Is Not the Enemy is a 2020 children's picture book by Anna McGregor. It is about a lonely anemone who lives in a tide pool and cannot make friends as she keeps stinging everyone, but eventually does so with a clown fish.

Scribe (publisher)
Scribe Publications (or simply Scribe) is an independent publishing house founded by Henry Rosenbloom in Melbourne, Australia in 1976. It established a sister company, Scribe UK, in London in May 2013. Scribe publishes nonfiction and fiction by authors from around the world, including many titles in translation. It publishes over 60 books a year in Australia, over 50 in the United Kingdom, and over 30 in the United States. It has a scout in New York.
Mizoguchi Naoatsu
Mizoguchi Naoatsu (溝口直温, June 20, 1716 – October 1, 1780) was the 7th daimyō of Shibata Domain in Echigo Province, Japan (modern-day Niigata Prefecture). His courtesy title was Izumo-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.

Shibata Domain
Shibata Domain (新発田藩, Shibata-han) was a tozama feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Shibata Castle, located in what is now the city of Shibata in Niigata Prefecture. It was ruled for all of its history by the Mizoguchi clan.
Melvin Ayala
Melvin Ayala Rodríguez (September 21, 1985, Santurce, Puerto Rico), is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter of urban and Christian music. He is also known for being the brother of Raymond Luis Ayala Rodríguez formally known as Daddy Yankee.

Manny Montes
Emmanuel Rodríguez, better known as Manny Montes, is a Puerto Rican rapper, known one of the major Christian artists in Puerto Rico. He has been nominated multiple times for the Premios Arpa and recently, at the Tu Música Urbana Awards for "Mejor canción cristiana".

He has more than 10 collaborative albums, where hundreds of different artists have participated, including Funky, Redimi2, Alex Zurdo, Indiomar, Farruko, Mexicano 777, etc., sharing the stage with artists like Marcos Witt and Tercer Cielo.
Čapek
Čapek (feminine: Čapková; Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃapɛk]) is a Czech surname. It originated as a diminutive of the surname Čáp, literally meaning 'little stork'. Notable people with the surname include:

František Čapek (1914–2008), Czech canoeist

Irene Capek (1924–2006), Czech-born Australian politician and Holocaust survivor

Jan Čapek of Sány (died after 1445), Czech noble and military leader

John Capek (born 1947), Czech-born Australian-Canadian songwriter

Josef Čapek (1887–1945), Czech painter and writer

Josef Čapek (footballer) (1902–1983), Czech footballer

Karel Čapek (1890–1938), Czech journalist, writer and playwright

Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod (1860–1927), Czech writer

Kateřina Čapková (born 1973), Czech historian

Milič Čapek (1909–1997), Czech-American philosopher

Norbert Čapek (1870–1942) founder of the Unitarian Church in what became Czechoslovakia

Tereza Čapková (born 1987), Czech athlete

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Wang Zhenpeng (footballer)
Wang Zhenpeng (traditional Chinese: 王振鵬; simplified Chinese: 王振鹏, born 5 May 1984) is a professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Kitchee. Born in China, he plays for the Hong Kong national team.

2010–11 Hong Kong First Division League
The 2010–11 Hong Kong First Division League (known as HKFA bma First Division League for sponsorship reasons) season was the 99th since its establishment. The 2010–11 Hong Kong First Division League is contested by 10 teams. The defending champions were South China. Hong Kong Football Club and Tuen Mun were promoted from the second division to take part.
Huron Valley State Bank
Huron Valley State Bank (HVSB) is a community bank operating in Southeast Michigan overseen by a group of local investors.  The bank operates 2 full service branches, a Loan Center, a Financial Center, and 3 ATMs throughout the Detroit Metropolitan Area.

Huron Valley State Bank is a state-chartered bank insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and is an Equal Housing Lender.

Milford, Michigan
Milford is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Milford had a population of 6,520. The village is located within Milford Township. The village is known for being the home of the Milford General Motors Proving Ground.
Dejan Vinčić
Dejan Vinčić (born 15 September 1986) is a Slovenian volleyball player who plays for Alpacem Kanal. With the Slovenia national team, he was the runner-up of the European Volleyball Championship three times, in 2015, 2019 and 2021. He also represented Slovenia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

2015 Men's European Volleyball League
The 2015 Men's European Volleyball League was the 12th edition of the annual Men's European Volleyball League, which features men's national volleyball teams from twelve European countries.

A preliminary league round was played from July 3 to August 9, and the final four tournament, which was held at Walbrzych, Poland.

Slovenia defeated Macedonia 3–0 in the final.