hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of a Young Man (Lotto, Accademia)
Portrait of a Young Man or Portrait of a Gentleman in his Study is an oil-on-canvas painting by Lorenzo Lotto, created c. 1530, now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of Venice. It is known in Italian as Giovane malato, literally The Ill Young Man – the flower with leaves is thought to be a symbol of disappointment in love or an illness, perhaps melancholy. The subject also turns his back on worldly pleasures (symbolised by a hunting horn, a dead bird and a lute). More so than in other works produced around the same time by the artist such as his Portrait of Andrea Odoni, it shows Lotto moving beyond the influence of Titian with more precise definition of details and contours.

The painting was purchased by the Gallerie dell'Accademia from a private collection in 1930.

Portrait of Andrea Odoni
The Portrait of Andrea Odoni is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Lorenzo Lotto dated 1527, now in the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom. It hangs in the Picture Gallery in Buckingham Palace, London. The style is typical of Lotto's Venetian period, with denser tones, a softer chromatic range and atmospheric effects at the boundaries.  The painting is signed and dated by Lotto.
Mystic River Reservation
Mystic River State Reservation is a publicly owned nature preserve with recreational features located along the Mystic River in the towns of Winchester, Arlington, Medford, Somerville, Everett, and Chelsea in eastern Massachusetts. The reserve is part of the nearly 76-square-mile (200 km2) Mystic River watershed. It is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Everett, Massachusetts
Everett is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, directly north of Boston, bordering the neighborhood of Charlestown. The population was 49,075 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Everett was the last city in the United States to have a bicameral legislature, which was composed of a seven-member Board of Aldermen and an eighteen-member Common Council. On November 8, 2011, the voters approved a new City Charter that changed the City Council to a unicameral body with eleven members – six ward councilors and five councilors-at-large. The new City Council was elected during the 2013 City Election.
Hearken Unto Me Ye Holy Children
"Hearken Unto Me, Ye Holy Children" is an anthem composed by Maurice Greene in 1728. The first performance was probably given on 1 March 1728 at the King's College Chapel, Cambridge; however there is some conjecture that the actual first performance date was 25 April 1728 (to coincide with King George II's visit).

A typical performance takes about 17 minutes.

Anthem
An anthem is a musical composition of celebration, usually used as a symbol for a distinct group, particularly the national anthems of countries. Originally, and in music theory and religious contexts, it also refers more particularly to short sacred choral work (still frequently seen in Sacred Harp and other types of shape note singing) and still more particularly to a specific form of liturgical music. In this sense, its use began c. 1550 in English-speaking churches; it uses English language words, in contrast to the originally Roman Catholic 'motet' which sets a Latin text.
Caste system in Kerala
The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India. While the Indian caste system generally modeled the four-fold division of society into Brahmins,  Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, in Kerala, the Nambudiri Brahmins formed the priestly class and only rarely recognized anyone else as being other than Shudra or untouchables, the latter being outside the caste system entirely. Thus, the Kerala caste system was ritualized but it was not the varna model found elsewhere. In Southern India, only in Kerala did there appear warrior lineages approximate to the Kshatriya model.These warriors never lost their identity as sudras.

Robin Jeffrey
Robin Bannerman Jeffrey FASSA FAHA is a Canadian-born professor. His primary research interest is the modern history and politics of India, especially with reference the northern area of Punjab and Kerala in the south. He is also interested in Indian media studies and development studies.
Melligomphus acinaces
Melligomphus acinaces is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the streams of Western Ghats of India. This species was originally described as a Onychogomphus. However, both the pattern and the shape of the anal appendages do not fit Onychogomphus but are very close to those
of the species placed in Melligomphus.

Gomphidae
The Gomphidae are a family of dragonflies commonly referred to as clubtails or club-tailed dragonflies. The family contains about 90 genera and 900 species found across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The name refers to the club-like widening of the end of the abdomen (abdominal segments 7 through 9). However, this club is usually less pronounced in females and is entirely absent in some species.
Terra Nostra (TV series)
Terra Nostra (English: Our Land) is a Brazilian telenovela, produced and broadcast by TV Globo in 1999. The telenovela is written by Benedito Ruy Barbosa and directed by Jayme Monjardim.

The story is set in the late 19th century and takes place at a time when slaves were freed in Brazil and there was a need for workers, especially on Brazilian coffee fazendas (plantations). This partly resulted in many Italians migrating to Brazil, looking for employment and a better life. Unlike many other telenovela stories, the characters are not larger than life in "Terra Nostra." Instead, they are everyday people who make ordinary decisions. Consequently, the viewers can relate to what is happening in the story.

Musical director Marcus Viana compiled several traditional Italian songs, performed by musicians such as Charlotte Church, Caetano Veloso, Zizi Possi, and Jerry Adriani. The soundtrack also includes original instrumental music by Viana.

Antônio Fagundes
Antônio José da Silva Fagundes Filho (born 18 April 1949) is a Brazilian actor, playwright, voice actor, and producer. Renowned for his several performances in stage, film and television, where he frequently works in telenovelas.
LAMP (software bundle)
A LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python) is one of the most common software stacks for the web's most popular applications. Its generic software stack model has largely interchangeable components.

Each letter in the acronym stands for one of its four open-source building blocks

Linux for the operating system

Apache HTTP Server

MariaDB or MySQL for the relational database management system

Perl, PHP, or Python for the programming language

The components of the LAMP stack are present in the software repositories of most Linux distributions.

Linux Virtual Server
Linux Virtual Server (LVS) is load balancing software for Linux kernel–based operating systems.

LVS is a free and open-source project started by Wensong Zhang in May 1998, subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2. The mission of the project is to build a high-performance and highly available server for Linux using clustering technology, which provides good scalability, reliability and serviceability.
Subrata Roy
Subrata Roy (10 June 1948 – 14 November 2023) was an Indian businessman who founded the business conglomerate Sahara India Pariwar in 1978.

Roy was named the tenth-most influential Indian businessman in 2012 by India Today. In 2004, the Sahara group was termed by Time magazine as "the second largest employer in India after Indian Railways". Sahara India Pariwar has operated a vast number of businesses, such as Aamby Valley City, Sahara Movie Studios, Air Sahara, Uttar Pradesh Wizards, and Filmy, among others.

Long accused of shady business practices including money laundering and running ponzi schemes, Roy was arrested in 2014 after failing to appear in court before it in connection with the Rs. 24,000 crore deposits his company has not refunded to investors. He was granted bail in 2016. He died in 2023.

JetLite
JetLite was a low-cost subsidiary of Jet Airways. It was formerly known as Air Sahara until the buyout by Jet Airways which rebranded the airline as JetLite. On 17 April 2019, JetLite grounded all of its flights and ceased all operations, in tandem with its parent company, Jet Airways.
Tidal creek
A tidal creek or tidal channel is a narrow inlet or estuary that is affected by the ebb and flow of ocean tides. Thus, it has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle, and flushes salts from inland soils. Tidal creeks are characterized by slow water velocity, resulting in buildup of fine, organic sediment in wetlands. Creeks may often be a dry to muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but with significant depth of water at high tide. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks which are often specialised to such zones. Nutrients and organic matter are delivered downstream to habitats normally lacking these, while the creeks also provide access to inland habitat for salt-water organisms.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
Vestibular aqueduct
At the posterior lateral wall of the temporal bone is the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The vestibular aqueduct parallels the petrous apex, in contrast to the cochlear aqueduct, which lies perpendicular to the petrous apex.

It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac, the endolymphatic sac, between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity.

Endolymphatic sac
In anatomy, the endolymphatic sac is a structure in the inner ear. It is a dead end pouch located at the end of the endolymphatic duct, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater.

Neoplasms of the endolymphatic sac are very rare tumors.
MPEG-7
MPEG-7 is a multimedia content description standard. It was standardized in ISO/IEC 15938 (Multimedia content description interface). This description will be associated with the content itself, to allow fast and efficient searching for material that is of interest to the user. MPEG-7 is formally called Multimedia Content Description Interface. Thus, it is not a standard which deals with the actual encoding of moving pictures and audio, like MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. It uses XML to store metadata, and can be attached to timecode in order to tag particular events, or synchronise lyrics to a song, for example.

It was designed to standardize:

a set of Description Schemes ("DS") and Descriptors ("D")

a language to specify these schemes, called the Description Definition Language ("DDL")

a scheme for coding the description

The combination of MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 has been sometimes referred to as MPEG-47.

MPEG-2
MPEG-2 (a.k.a. H.222/H.262 as was defined by the ITU) is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information". It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth. While MPEG-2 is not as efficient as newer standards such as H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC, backwards compatibility with existing hardware and software means it is still widely used, for example in over-the-air digital television broadcasting and in the DVD-Video standard.
Gmina Fałków
Gmina Fałków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Fałków, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Końskie and 46 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 132.1 square kilometres (51.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,803.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Przedbórz Landscape Park.

Końskie
Końskie [ˈkɔɲskʲɛ] ⓘ (Yiddish: Kinsk, קינצק / קינסק) is a town in south-central Poland, with 20,328 inhabitants (2008), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, Końskie belongs to the province of Lesser Poland, and since its foundation, until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it was part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
History of FC Pro Vercelli 1892
The history of Football Club Pro Vercelli 1892 officially started in 2010, following the collapse of U.S. Pro Vercelli Calcio in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione, based in Vercelli, Piedmont. The previous incarnation of the club was founded in 1892 and was one of the most successful Italian clubs in the early decades of the twentieth century, winning seven national titles between 1908 and 1922. 
Its trademark and honours were transferred from Vercelli municipality to A.S. Pro Belvedere Vercelli, the city's other team (founded in 2006), which changed its name and was therefore allowed to continue the history of Pro Vercelli.

Italian Football Federation
The Italian Football Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio, pronounced [federatˈtsjoːne itaˈljaːna ˈdʒwɔːko ˈkaltʃo]; FIGC [ˌfiddʒitˈtʃi]), known colloquially as Federcalcio (pronounced [federˈkaltʃo]), is the governing body of football in Italy. It is based in Rome and the technical department is in Coverciano, Florence.

It manages and coordinates the Italian football league system. It is also responsible for appointing the management of the Italy national football team (men's), women's, and youth national football teams. The Italy national futsal team also belongs to the federation.
Joe Timmons (politician)
Joe Timmons is an American Democratic politician serving Washington State’s 42nd legislative district (Whatcom County, Washington) in the Washington House of Representatives, alongside Alicia Rule. He won the seat in the 2022 election defeating Republican candidate Dan Johnson, and was sworn in on December 21, 2022.

Alicia Rule
Alicia Jayne Rule (born 1976) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. In 2020, she was elected to the Washington House of Representatives to represent the 42nd legislative district and took office on January 11, 2021.

Rule previously served on the Blaine City Council and was re-elected to the legislature in 2022.
Spanish Peaks Airfield
Spanish Peaks Airfield (FAA LID: 4V1) is 5 miles north of Walsenburg in Huerfano County, Colorado, United States. It is owned by Huerfano County, and is named for the Spanish Peaks.

The airport is 2 miles (3 km) east of Interstate 25 via a gravel road, but taxiways are paved. The airport is near the junction of Interstate 25 (concurrent with U.S. Highway 85 and U.S. Highway 87), Highway 10, Highway 69, and U.S. Highway 160.

Colorado State Highway 10
State Highway 10 (SH 10) is a 71.968-mile-long (115.821 km) state highway in the US state of Colorado. SH 10's western terminus is at Interstate 25 (I-25) and U.S. Route 160 (US 160) in Walsenburg, and the eastern terminus is at US 50 in La Junta.
Cepelia Pavilion
The Cepelia Pavilion (Polish: [t͡sɛˈpɛ.lia]; Polish: Pawilon Cepelii) is a modernist store pavilion in Warsaw, Poland, within the South Downtown neighbourhood. It is located at the corner of 99/101 Marshal and 28/34 Nowogrodzka Streets, next to Dmowski Roundabout. It was opened in 1966, as a store of Cepelia, an association of needlework artists. Following renovations in 2024, it currently operates as a store of Empik, a chain selling books, international press and media products.

Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw
Marszałkowska Street (Polish: ulica Marszałkowska), also known by its English name Marshal Street, is one of the main thoroughfares of Warsaw, Poland, located in the district of Śródmieście. It runs along the north–south axis, from Bank Square in the north to the Union of Lublin Square in the south.
Patrick N. L. Bellinger
Patrick Nieson Lynch Bellinger CBE (October 8, 1885 – May 30, 1962) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral. A Naval aviator and a naval aviation pioneer, he participated in the Trans-Atlantic flight from Newfoundland to Azores in May 1919 and was decorated with Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor.

During the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, Bellinger served as Commander, Patrol Wing Two and he was responsible for sending the message, "Air raid, Pearl Harbor. This is no drill", which was the first notice to the outside world of the attack. He was later appointed Commander, Naval Air Forces, Atlantic and distinguished himself during the U-boat campaign with Atlantic Fleet.

Chief of Naval Operations
The chief of naval operations (CNO) is the highest-ranking officer of the United States Navy. The position is a statutory office (10 U.S.C. § 8033) held by an admiral who is a military adviser and deputy to the secretary of the Navy. The CNO is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (10 U.S.C. § 151) and in this capacity, a military adviser to the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, the secretary of defense, and the president.

Despite the title, the CNO does not have operational command authority over naval forces. The CNO is an administrative position based in the Pentagon, and exercises supervision of Navy organizations as the designee of the secretary of the Navy. Operational command of naval forces falls within the purview of the combatant commanders who report to the secretary of defense.

As of 25 August 2025, the 34th chief of naval operations is Admiral Daryl Caudle.
Sulphur Bank Mine
The Sulphur Bank Mine is located near Clearlake Oaks and Clear Lake in Lake County, California. The 150-acre (0.61 km2) mine became one of the most noted mercury producers in the world.

During the 150 years since the Sulphur Bank was discovered, the area has drawn geologists, inspired unique scientific theories, established constitutional case law and now attracts environmental scientists who study the impact of mercury contamination within the Cache Creek watershed of northern California and the Sacramento River-Delta Region and San Francisco Bay.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Laguna de los Pozuelos Natural Monument
Laguna de los Pozuelos Natural Monument is a nature preservation reserve located in the Jujuy province, in the Puna region, Argentina. It covers an area of 16,000 hectares (40,000 acres) and is at an altitude of 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea level. It is part of the Puna Seca Central Andean Ecoregion. The reserve was created in 1980, under Provincial Law Nº 3,749/80, aiming to preserve the steppe environment and its lagoon, including the region's typical fauna.

Jujuy Province
Jujuy [xuˈxuj] is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.
European route E29
European route E29 is a series of roads in Europe, part of the United Nations International E-road network.

It runs from Cologne, Germany through Luxembourg, through Germany again, and finishing at Sarreguemines, France.

Firstly it leaves Cologne, where it links with the E31, the E35, the E37 and the E40. It then heads south and crosses into Luxembourg, and into Luxembourg City, where more links are made to the E25, the E44 and the E421.

It then re-enters Germany, more specifically the Saarland, running through the city of Saarbrücken, where it links with the E50 and the E422.

On its final stretch, it crosses the French border and finishes at Sarreguemines.

Its total length is 323 km (201 mi).

European route E40
European route E40 (E40) is a European route connecting Calais in France with Ridder in Kazakhstan near the border with Russia and China. 8,641 kilometres (5,369 miles) long, is the longest route in the International E-road network. A different route, connecting Calais and Ridder, is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 miles) shorter, mostly using the E30 via Berlin, Moscow, and Omsk. The E40 differs from that route in order to provide additional direct east–west access to Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan, with a combined population base approaching 50 million people as of 2021.

From Dresden to Kyiv forms part of Pan-European Corridor III.

Since 2014, parts of the road in eastern Ukraine have been under the control of the separatist Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia took direct control of the areas in Donbas.
Protictis
Protictis ("first weasel") is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America from early Paleocene to middle Eocene.

Viverravidae
Viverravidae ("ancestors of viverrids") is an extinct monophyletic family of mammals from extinct superfamily Viverravoidea within the clade Carnivoramorpha, that lived from the early Palaeocene to the late Eocene in North America, Europe and Asia. They were once thought to be the earliest carnivorans and ancestral to extant ones, but now are placed outside the order Carnivora based on cranial morphology as relatives (a plesion-group) to extant carnivorans.
2013 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships
The 2013 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition for men and the 16th edition for women of the tournament and was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit and the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour, offering prize money of $50,000 each for the men's and women's events. It took place in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, on July 22–28, 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.