hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DVD card
A DVD card, also called Business Card DVD, is a DVD with the size and shape of a business card. Much like a traditional DVD, is an optical based media whose primary function is DVD-video playback and data storage. In the mid-late 2000s, the DVD card format has been used in the retail market to distribute sports and entertainment titles. However, leveraging its affinity with business, loyalty and payment cards, the DVD Card has also been used for promotional and marketing purposes.

A DVD card contains data accessible by a computer, DVD player, PlayStation, Xbox, and most other devices that have the ability to read digital video disc (DVD) technology. Content on the card may range from movies and music to interactive games. When played in a computer, the card may connect to the Internet and drive traffic to web sites or pull information from online databases.

Optical disc
An optical disc is a flat, usually disc-shaped object that stores information in the form of physical variations on its surface that can be read with the aid of a beam of light. Optical discs can be reflective, where the light source and detector are on the same side of the disc, or transmissive, where light shines through the disc to be detected on the other side. They may contain analog or digital information, or a mixture of the two. Their main uses are the distribution of media and data, and long-term archival storage.
Jack the Ripper suspects
A series of murders that took place in the East End of London between August and November 1888 have been attributed to an unidentified assailant nicknamed Jack the Ripper. Since then, the identity of the Ripper has been widely debated, with over 100 suspects named. Though many theories have been advanced, experts find none widely persuasive, and some are hardly taken seriously at all.

John E. Douglas
John Edward Douglas (born June 18, 1945) is an American retired Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agent and former unit chief in its Behavioral Science Unit. He is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of criminal profiling and is the bestselling author of Mindhunter.

Douglas was among the first criminal profilers in the United States and is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the development of modern criminal profiling. His work contributed significantly to the formation and evolution of the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit, where he helped establish methods for analyzing and investigating serial and violent offenders.

He has written and co‑written numerous books on criminal psychology and notable criminal cases. His autobiographical work Mindhunter details his career in the FBI and the development of behavioral profiling. The book later served as the basis for the 2017 Netflix television series Mindhunter, produced by David Fincher and Charlize Theron.
Jonás Ramalho
Jonás Ramalho Chimeno (born 10 June 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a central defender for Challenger Pro League club Olympic Charleroi.

In 2011, he was the first mixed-race player to appear for Athletic Bilbao – who only field Basque players – in an official competition. During his career, he represented mainly that club and Girona.

Born in Spain, Ramalho made his debut for Angola in 2020.

UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The UEFA European Under-19 Championship, or simply the Euro Under-19, is an annual football competition, contested by the European men's under-19 national teams of the UEFA member associations.

Spain is the most successful team in this competition, having won twelve titles. Netherlands are the current champions.
Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh
Bilaspur district is a district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Its capital is in the town of Bilaspur. The district has an area of 1,167 km2, and a population of 381,956. As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12), after Lahul and Spiti and Kinnaur.

The district has the famous Govind Sagar Lake on the Sutlej River which acts as the reservoir for the Bhakra and Nangal Dam project.

Lahaul and Spiti district
Lahaul and Spiti district is a high-altitude district in Himachal Pradesh, north India. This entirely mountainous district consists of two geographically distinct as well as formerly separate political-administrative units, called Lahaul (Tibetan: གར་ཞ་, Wylie: gar zha) and Spiti (Tibetan: སྤི་ཏི་, Wylie: spi ti; or Tibetan: སྤྱི་ཏི, Wylie: spyi ti). Lahaul and Spiti is the largest district by area in Himachal Pradesh, and one of the least populous districts in the whole of India. Kyelang (also spelled as 'Keylong') in Lahaul is the headquarters of the whole district, while Spiti also has a subdivisional headquarters, at Kaza.

Lahaul and Spiti is fast becoming a top weekend getaway destination in Himachal, due to improved road access via Atal Tunnel and rising investment in resorts and adventure activities.
Son Sardina
Son Sardina is a village and settlement of the city of Palma de Mallorca on the island of Majorca, part of the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands, administratively forming part of the city's North District.

The settlement can be reached by road via the Ma-11, and has several public transport connections, notably the Son Sardina metro station on the Palma Metro, and the adjacent station on the heritage tramway Tranvía de Sóller. It is also served by EMT bus lines 12 and 27.

The settlement contains two schools, CP Maria Antònia Salvà which is a primary school, and IES Son Pacs (formerly known as Instituto Virgen de Lluc) for secondary and sixth form ages.

The administrative borders of Son Sardina also include the small settlement of Sa Garriga, situated in the northern extremity of the settlement.

39°37′09″N 2°39′18″E﻿ / ﻿39.6192°N 2.6550°E﻿ / 39.6192; 2.6550

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Ernst Götzinger
Ernst Götzinger (23 September 1837, in Schaffhausen – 10 August 1896, in St. Gallen) was a Swiss Germanist and historian. He was the son of philologist Maximilian Wilhelm Götzinger (1799–1856).

He studied philology at the University of Basel as a pupil of Wilhelm Wackernagel, then furthered his education at the universities of Bonn and Göttingen, where his influences included Wilhelm Müller and Leo Meyer. In 1860 he received his doctorate from Göttingen with a dissertation on the Anglo-Saxon poet Cædmon, titled Ueber die Dichtungen des Angelsachsen Caedmon und deren Verfasser. From 1860 up until his death, he taught classes in German language and literature at the cantonal school in St. Gallen. He was a member of the Historischer Verein des Kantons St.Gallen.

Wilhelm Konrad Hermann Müller
Wilhelm Konrad Hermann Müller (27 May 1812, Holzminden – 4 January 1890, Göttingen) was a philologist of Germanic studies.

From 1830 he studied philology and theology at the University of Göttingen as a student of Karl Otfried Müller. In 1841 he started work as a lecturer of German language and literature at Göttingen, becoming an associate professor in January 1845. From 1856 up until his death in 1890, he was a full professor of philology at Göttingen.
Punika Kulsoontornrut
Punika Kulsoontornrut  (Thai: ปุณิกา กุลสุนทรรัตน์; born October 9, 1992) is a Thai activist, model and beauty pageant titleholder who represented Thailand at Miss Earth 2013 and Miss International 2014. She placed as 2nd Runner-up for both pageants. Since 2021, she has been assigned as the manager and runway coach for Miss Universe Thailand pageant.

Alyz Henrich
Alyz Sabimar Henrich Ocando (born October 19, 1991) is a Venezuelan model, environmentalist, humanitarian advocate and beauty queen. She represented Falcón state at Miss Venezuela 2012 pageant where she was crowned Miss Venezuela Earth. On December 7, Henrich was crowned Miss Earth 2013 in the Philippines. She is the second Miss Earth winner from Venezuela after Alexandra Braun and the first Miss Earth winner from Osmel Sousa-owned Miss Venezuela. Alyz is the former chairwoman of the Miss Earth Venezuela Organization.

With Alyz winning the Miss Earth crown, Venezuela made history by becoming the first country to win all the Big Four international beauty pageants multiple times.
Quarr Hill
Quarr Hill is a small suburb of the town of Ryde, on the Isle of Wight. It is situated 1.4 miles (2.3 km) west of the centre of Ryde and 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Fishbourne village. It is located 15 metres (49 feet) above 
sea level. It is the location of Quarr Abbey.

Ryde
Ryde is a seaside town and civil parish on the north-east coast of the Isle of Wight. The parish area had a population of 24,096 according to the 2021 Census. Its growth as a seaside resort came after the villages of Upper Ryde and Lower Ryde were merged in the 19th century, as can still be seen in the town's central and seafront architecture. The resort's expansive sands are revealed at low tide. Their width means the regular ferry service to the mainland requires a long listed pier – the fourth longest in the United Kingdom, and the oldest surviving.
Constriction ring syndrome
Constriction ring syndrome (CRS) is a congenital disorder with unknown cause. Because of the unknown cause there are many different, and sometimes incorrect, names. It is a malformation due to intrauterine bands or rings that produce deep grooves in (most commonly distal) extremities such as fingers and toes. In rare cases the constriction ring can form around other parts of the fetus and cause amputation or even intrauterine death. The anatomy proximal to the site of constriction (or amputation) is developmentally normal.
CRS can be associated with other malformations, with club foot being most common.
The precise configuration of the bands, lymphedema, and character of the amputations are not predictable and vary with each individual patient. Also, more than one extremity is usually affected, and it is rare for only one ring to present as an isolated malformation with no other manifestation of this syndrome.

Lymphedema
Lymphedema (USA), lymphœdema (UK) also known as lymphatic edema (US)/œdema (UK), is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. The lymphatic system functions as a critical portion of the body's immune system and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Lymphedema is most frequently a complication of cancer treatment or parasitic infections, but it can also be seen in a number of genetic disorders. Tissues with lymphedema are at high risk of infection because the lymphatic system has been compromised.

Though incurable and progressive, a number of treatments may improve symptoms. This commonly includes compression therapy, good skin care, exercise, and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), which together are known as combined decongestive therapy. Diuretics are not useful.
Contact hitter
In baseball, a contact hitter is a hitter who does not strike out often. Thus, they are usually able to use their bat to make contact with the ball (hence the name contact hitter) to put it in play, and then run fast to reach base. As a result of their focus on putting the ball in play, they usually have fewer home runs than power hitters, but a higher BABIP.

Tony Gwynn is a leading example of a modern contact hitter. With just 135 career home runs, Gwynn described himself as a contact hitter who could hit to all fields. He rarely struck out (just 434 times, once every 21 at-bats, or once every 23.5 plate appearances) and his goal was to put the ball in play and move baserunners over. Gwynn's success as a contact hitter landed him in the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Rod Carew is another example of a contact hitter who turned into a dominant MLB player, notching 18 all-star game appearances throughout his hall of fame career.

Plate appearances per strikeout
In baseball statistics, plate appearances per strikeout (PA/SO) represents the ratio of a batter's plate appearances to their strikeouts.

This statistic enables a defensive team to identify hitters in the opposing team's lineup who are more prone to striking out. Such players tend to be more aggressive than the average hitter, when batting, allowing the pitcher to approach them with more pitching options, often throwing more balls out of the strike zone in hopes that the batter will swing and miss.

The PA/SO statistic can be calculated by dividing a player's total plate appearances by their total strikeouts. For example, Reggie Jackson accumulated 2,597 strikeouts and 11,418 plate appearances throughout his 21-year baseball career, recording a PA/SO of 4.39. This means that, on average, Jackson struck out once every 4.39 plate appearances.
8th New York State Legislature
The 8th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from October 12, 1784, to April 27, 1785, during the eighth year of George Clinton's governorship, at New York City.

Gloucester County, New York
Gloucester County, New York, is a former county in New York that became part of the state of Vermont.  It was a part of Albany County in the Province of New York until 1770, and was abandoned to Vermont in 1777.  At that time, Vermont was holding itself out as the Vermont Republic and did not become a state until 1791.
Firstside Historic District
The Firstside Historic District is a historic district in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1988, and its boundaries were expanded on May 8, 2013.

Notable contributing properties in the district include:

109–115 Wood Street

412 Boulevard of the Allies

Engine Company No. 1 and No. 30

Guckenheimer Warehouse

Hartley-Rose Belting Company Building

Mamaux Building

Downtown Pittsburgh
Downtown Pittsburgh, colloquially referred to as the Golden Triangle, and officially the Central Business District, is the urban downtown center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River whose joining forms the Ohio River. The triangle is bounded by the two rivers.

The area features offices for major corporations such as PNC Bank, U.S. Steel, PPG, Bank of New York Mellon, Heinz, Federated Investors, and Alcoa. It is where the fortunes of such industrial barons as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, Henry J. Heinz, Andrew Mellon and George Westinghouse were made. It contains the site where the French fort, Fort Duquesne, once stood.
Shams-ud-din Harifal
Shams-ud-din Harifal (Urdu: مولانا شمس الدین حریفال) was an (4 May 1944 - 14 March 1974) was an Islamic Sunni Hanafi scholar of the Deobandi school of thought and political leader of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam and Tehreek-e-Khatme-e-Nubuwwat. According to his biographer, Shams-ud-din's major contribution was his support of strong anti-Ahmadiyya feelings among Muslims at the risk and sacrifice of his life.

Zhob
Zhob (English: /ʒoʊb/; Balochi: ژوب, romanized: Zhōb, lit. 'oozing water'), formerly known as Fort Sandeman, is a city and district headquarters of the Zhob District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Zhob is located on the banks of the Zhob river. It lies 337 kilometres away from Quetta, the capital of Balochistan.

During the British colonial era, it was named Fort Sandeman after the British Indian Army officer Robert Groves Sandeman. It obtained its current name in 1976 when the then prime minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto changed its name.
Non-sideropenic hypochromic anaemia
Non-sideropenic hypochromic anemia also known as Normochromic Normocytic Anemia is a kind of anemia in which the red blood cells in circulation have a normal red color (normochromic) and the same size (normocytic). Normocytic normochromic anemia is most commonly caused by a variety of chronic infections and systemic diseases.

Normocytic normochromic anemia differs from other types of anemia in that the RBCs' average size and hemoglobin content are usually within normal limits. Under microscopic examination, RBCs typically resemble normal cells, though there may be variations in shape and size that equalize each other, resulting in average values within the normal range.

Normocytic anemia
Normocytic anemia is a type of anemia and is a common issue that occurs for people typically over 85 years old. Its prevalence increases with age, reaching 44 percent in men older than 85 years. The most common type of normocytic anemia is anemia of chronic disease.
Sama de Grado
Sama de Grado is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grado, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 164 (INE 2007).

Grado, Asturias
Grado (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaðo]; Asturian: Grau, and officially Grau/Grado) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias in Spain. It is bordered on the north by Candamo and Las Regueras, on the east by Proaza, Santo Adriano and Oviedo, on the south by Teverga and Yernes y Tameza, and on the west by Belmonte de Miranda and Salas.

The municipality's capital town, also with the same name, is famous for its markets, celebrated every Wednesday and Sunday. These markets, the oldest in Asturias, have their origin in the Middle Ages, when King Alfonso X the Wise granted Grado's town charter.
1985 Cavan County Council election
An election to all 25 seats on Cavan County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. Councillors were elected from four local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This term was extended for a further year, to 1991.

1985 Irish local elections
The 1985 Irish local elections were held in all the local government areas on Thursday, 20 June 1985.

There were two tiers of local government areas. The state was divided into local government areas of administrative counties and county boroughs under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Within administrative counties, there was a second tier in certain areas of boroughs governed by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 and the 1898 Act, urban districts governed by the 1898 Act, and towns with town commissioners governed by the Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act 1854.

The elections had been postponed from June 1984. This allowed for the enactment of reforms under the Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985. Each local government area was divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) to be elected on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Otmar Issing
Otmar Issing (born 27 March 1936 in Würzburg) is a German economist who was a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 1998 to 2006 and concurrently ECB chief economist. He developed the 'two-pillar' approach to monetary policy decision-making that the ECB has adopted. Issing has been president of the Center for Financial Studies since 2006.

Executive Board of the European Central Bank
The Executive Board of the European Central Bank is the organ responsible for implementing monetary policy for the Eurozone  in line with the guidelines and decisions taken by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank.

The executive board consists of the president, the vice-president and four other members, one of whom concurrently serves as ECB chief economist. All members are appointed by the European Council  by qualified majority for a non-renewable eight-year term. As an exception, the officeholders appointed to the original board received staged terms so that one would be replaced each year. Under the ECB's rules board members do not represent a particular country, nor are they responsible for keeping track of economic conditions in one country. Instead, all board members are jointly responsible for monetary policy for the entire Euro area.
Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999
Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the song "This Time I Mean It", written by Ebbe Ravn, and performed by Trine Jepsen and Michael Teschl. The Danish participating broadcaster, DR, organised Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1999 in order to select its entry for the contest. The broadcaster returned to the contest after a one-year absence following their relegation from 1998 as one of the six entrants with the least total average points over the preceding five contests.

Five songs competed the national final where "Denne gang" performed by the Trine Jepsen and Michael Teschl was the winner as decided upon through jury and public voting. The song was later translated from Danish to English for Eurovision and was titled "This Time I Mean It".

Denmark competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 29 May 1999. Performing during the show in position 9, Denmark placed eighth out of the 23 participating countries, scoring 71 points.

Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1987
Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 with the song "En lille melodi", composed by Helge Engelbrecht, with lyrics by Jacob Jonia, and performed by Anne-Cathrine Herdorf supported by the group Bandjo. The Danish participating broadcaster, Danmarks Radio (DR), organised the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1987 in order to select its entry for the contest.
Gmina Obryte
Gmina Obryte is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Obryte, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Pułtusk and 59 km (37 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 139.73 square kilometres (54.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,820 (4,864 in 2011).

Pułtusk County
Pułtusk County (Polish: powiat pułtuski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Pułtusk, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) north of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 828.63 square kilometres (319.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 51,862, out of which the population of Pułtusk is 19,432 and the rural population is 32,430.
Deborah Hutton (English editor)
Deborah Hutton (7 September 1955 – 15 July 2005) was an English magazine writer who was the Health Editor for Vogue. After being diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in 2004, which she attributed to smoking as a teenager, she became an anti-smoking activist and wrote a book of advice for companions of people who have cancer, What Can I Do To Help?.

British Vogue
British Vogue (stylised in all caps) is the British edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine was launched in 1916 by Condé Nast, linking together fashion and high society.

British Vogue is the third most profitable edition of Vogue worldwide (other than the American and Chinese editions).