hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Republic of Korea Navy
The Republic of Korea Navy was founded on November 11, 1945 as Marine Defense Group after Korea was liberated from the Empire of Japan. The ROK Navy is the oldest service within the ROK Armed Forces. In 2015, the South Korean navy celebrated its 70th anniversary.

Since the Korean War, the ROK Navy had concentrated its efforts on building naval forces against the North Korean navy, which has littoral naval capabilities. As South Korea's economy grew, the ROK Navy was able to locally build larger and better equipped fleets to deter aggression, to protect the sea lines of communication, and to support the nation's foreign policy. As part of its mission, the ROK Navy has engaged in several peacekeeping operations since the turn of the 21st century.

The ROK Navy aims to become a blue-water navy in the 2020s.

Republic of Korea Marine Corps
The Republic of Korea Marine Corps (ROKMC; Korean: 대한민국 해병대; Hanja: 大韓民國 海兵隊; RR: Daehanminguk Haebyeongdae), also known as the ROK Marine Corps, ROK Marines or South Korean marines, is the naval infantry of South Korea. The ROKMC is a branch of the Republic of Korea Navy responsible for amphibious operations, and also functions as a rapid reaction force and a strategic reserve.

The ROKMC was founded as a suppression operations force against communist partisans in 1949, prior to the Korean War. The ROKMC also fought in combat during the Vietnam War.

The ROK Marine Corps, with 29,000 personnel, is organized into two divisions and two separate brigades under the Headquarters ROK Marine Corps. The ROK Marine Corps has about 300 tracked vehicles including assault amphibious vehicles, main battle tanks, and self-propelled artillery.
The Loe
The Loe (Cornish: An Logh), also known as Loe Pool, is the largest natural freshwater lake (50 hectares (120 acres)) in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The earliest recorded appearance of this simple name form was in 1337, when it was called "La Loo", but is mentioned as 'the lake' in 1302; Situated between Porthleven and Gunwalloe and downstream of Helston, it is separated from Mount's Bay by the shingle bank of Loe Bar. Both the Loe (including the southern arm known as Carminowe Creek) and Loe Bar are situated within the Penrose Estate, which is administered by the National Trust, and are designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest by Natural England. It is within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is considered a classic Geological Conservation Review Site. The South West Coast Path, which follows the coast of south-west England from Somerset to Dorset passes over Loe Bar.

Cornwall National Landscape
Cornwall National Landscape is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It was formerly known as, and is still legally designated as, Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, with the National Landscape branding adopted in November 2023.

The National Landscape covers 958 square kilometres (370 sq mi), or about 27% of the total area of the county. It comprises 12 separate sections, of which 11 cover stretches of coastline and one Bodmin Moor, which together are treated as a single National Landscape.

It was designated in 1959 for special landscape protection, and under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, Cornwall Council is required to produce a 5-year management plan, and authorities must have regard to the purpose of conserving and enhancing natural beauty when discharging any function affecting land within the National Landscape.
2016 Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament
The 2016 Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament was held at Bobcat Ballpark on the campus of the Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas, from May 25 to May 29, 2015.  The tournament used a double-elimination format.  The winner of the tournament earned Sun Belt Conference's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament
The Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Sun Belt Conference. The winner of the tournament receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I baseball tournament. After Coastal Carolina University hosts the competition in Conway, South Carolina, in 2019, the tournament will move to a neutral site, Riverwalk Stadium in Montgomery, AL, from 2020 to 2024.
Vignette (philately)
In philately, the vignette is the central part of a postage stamp design, such as, a monarch's head or a pictorial design, which often shades off gradually to the edges of the stamp.

The central vignette is often surrounded by a frame. Often times the vignette and frame  are engraved on a single plate, while sometimes there are two separate plates for the frame and vignette, where the vignette may be printed separately and is often of a different color. The plate from which the vignette is printed is known as the vignette plate.

Printing errors have sometimes led to the vignette being inverted. Perhaps the most famous example is the Inverted Jenny.

Postage stamp design
Postage stamp design is the activity of graphic design as applied to postage stamps. Many thousands of designs have been created since a profile bust of Queen Victoria was adopted for the Penny Black in 1840; some designs have been considered very successful, others
less so.

A stamp design includes several elements required for it to accomplish its purpose satisfactorily. Most important is the denomination indicating its monetary value, while international agreements require a country name on almost all types of stamps.  A graphic design is very nearly universal; in addition to making counterfeits harder to produce and aiding clerks in quick recognition of appropriate postage, postal customers simply expect stamps to carry a design.
Futaba Channel
Futaba Channel (Japanese: ふたば(双葉)☆ちゃんねる, Hepburn: Futaba Channeru; "Double Leaf Channel", "Two Leaf Channel"), or Futaba for short, also sometimes called 2chan, is a Japanese imageboard. Users of the website can upload pictures and discuss a wide variety of topics, from daily personal problems to sports, ramen, otaku and underground culture.

Textboard
A textboard is a simple kind of Internet forum; most textboards require neither registration nor entry of a screen name. Textboards, like imageboards, were invented in Japan, but they remain relatively unknown outside it, in contrast to imageboards (such as 4chan and 8chan).
Reformed Faction
Reformed Faction is a musical group formed in 2005 by three former members of Zoviet France: Andy Eardley, Mark Spybey and Robin Storey.  The band's original name was The Reformed Faction of Soviet France.  They played one concert, in Vienna on 10 November 2005, and released a self-titled album on the Vienna-based Klanggalerie label.  In 2006, they announced that they were to continue the project under the name Reformed Faction in order to detach themselves from the name Zoviet France.  The album was re-pressed under the new name and given the new title Vota.  In the same year, Andy Eardley departed the band. They subsequently toured eastern Germany and recorded a second album, The War Against, for the Soleilmoon label. The album received a four-star rating from AllMusic. They have also recorded a triple album for Soleilmoon, released in 2008. The band continues today as a duo of Spybey and Storey.

Rapoon
Rapoon is a musical project of Robin Storey, a former member of Zoviet France, who has released material on notable independent labels such as Staalplaat, Soleilmoon, Manifold, Beta-Lactam Ring, and Lens Records.

Storey began Rapoon in 1992, after the break up of Zoviet France, a group that he had been with since 1980. He used Rapoon as an opportunity to explore "ethnic musics" and other techniques that he didn't feel he could explore with his former band. Storey chose the band name from a mispronunciation of his first name, "Robin", by his (then) 2-year old nephew.

Most recordings during the 1990s were released on Staalplaat and Soleilmoon, but during a tour in the United States in 1996, Storey met Matt Jacobson of Relapse Records which resulted in the release of The Fires of the Borderlands on the Relapse imprint, Release Entertainment.
625 lines
625-line (or CCIR 625/50) is a late 1940s European analog standard-definition television resolution standard. It consists of a 625-line raster, with 576 lines carrying the visible image at 25 interlaced frames per second. It was eventually adopted by countries using 50 Hz utility frequency as regular TV broadcasts resumed after World War II. With the introduction of color television in the 1960s, it became associated with the PAL and SECAM analog color systems.

A similar 525-line system was adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency (like the US). Other systems, like 375-line, 405-line, 441-line, 455-line, and 819-line existed, but became outdated or had limited adoption.

The modern standard-definition digital video resolution 576i is equivalent and can be used to digitize an analogue 625-line TV signal, or to generate a 625-line compatible analog signal.

Film frame
In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture. The term is derived from the historical development of film stock, in which the sequentially recorded single images look like a framed picture when examined individually.

The term may also be used more generally as a noun or verb to refer to the edges of the image as seen in a camera viewfinder or projected on a screen. Thus, the camera operator can be said to keep a car in frame by panning with it as it speeds past.
Ulrike Krumbiegel
Ulrike Krumbiegel (born 16 December 1961) is a German actress. She has performed in more than 100 film and TV productions. In her early career, she performed in East German cinema and theatre.  After the re-unification of Germany, her career continued with appearances in crime series such as Tatort, and the ZDF series SOKO München. She has also continued to appear in the theatre, featuring in plays by Berthold Brecht, Henrik Ibsen and William Shakespeare.

Iphigenia in Tauris (Goethe)
Iphigenia in Tauris (German: Iphigenie auf Tauris) is a reworking by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe of the ancient Greek tragedy Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Ταύροις (Iphigeneia en Taurois) by Euripides. Euripides' title means "Iphigenia among the Taurians", whereas Goethe's title means "Iphigenia in Taurica", the country of the Tauri.

Goethe wrote the first version of his play in six weeks, and it was first performed on April 6, 1779, in prose form. He rewrote it in 1781, again in prose, and finally in 1786 in verse form. He took the manuscript of Iphigenia in Tauris with him on his famous Italian Journey.
1999 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool D
Group D of the 1999 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 1999 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage.

1999 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1999 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The eight teams were then randomly drawn into two two-stage knockout tournaments, with the winners advancing to the World Group II Play-offs.
Fitzmaurice Point
Fitzmaurice Point is a point on the northwest side of Cabinet Inlet, Foyn Coast, Antarctica, between Attlee Glacier and Bevin Glacier. It was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition and surveyed from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in December 1947. It was named in 1985 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Sir Gerald G. Fitzmaurice, Legal Advisor at the Foreign Office, 1953–60 (Second Legal Advisor, 1945–53), who served some of the Cabinet Ministers commemorated in this area. Fitzmaurice was chairman of the UK-APC, 1952–60.

Bevin Glacier
Bevin Glacier (66°17′S 63°47′W﻿ / ﻿66.283°S 63.783°W﻿ / -66.283; -63.783) is a glacier 5 nautical miles (9 km) long, which flows east from the plateau escarpment on the east side of Graham Land into the northwest end of Cabinet Inlet between Attlee Glacier and Anderson Glacier. During December 1947 it was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition. It was named by the FIDS for Rt. Hon. Ernest Bevin, M.P., British Minister of Labour and National Service and member of the War Cabinet.
Siganus rivulatus
Siganus rivulatus, the marbled spinefoot, rivulated rabbitfish or surf parrotfish, is a gregarious, largely herbivorous ray-finned fish of the family Siganidae. Its natural range encompasses the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea from where it colonised the Mediterranean Sea by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal. It is the type species of the genus Siganus.

Digenea
Digenea (Gr. Dis – double, Genos – race) is a class of trematodes in the Platyhelminthes phylum, consisting of parasitic flatworms (known as flukes) with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one oral. Adults commonly live within the digestive tract, but occur throughout the organ systems of all classes of vertebrates. Once thought to be related to the Monogenea, it is now recognised that they are closest to the Aspidogastrea and that the Monogenea are more closely allied with the Cestoda. Around 6,000 species have been described to date.
K2-21
K2-21, also known as EPIC 206011691, is a red dwarf star located 273 light-years (84 parsecs) away in the constellation Aquarius. It hosts two known exoplanets, discovered in 2015 by the transit method as part of Kepler's K2 mission. Both planets have significantly lower densities than Earth, indicating that they are not rocky planets and are better described as mini-Neptunes. The inner planet, K2-21b, is less dense than the outer planet, K2-21c.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Boothroyd Indian Band
The Boothroyd First Nation (Thompson: k̓emus, historically spelt as Kahmoose) is a First Nations government Fraser Canyon area of the Central Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia.  Located near Boston Bar, it is a member of the Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council along with the Boston Bar First Nation, also located in Boston Bar, and the Ashcroft First Nation near the town of Ashcroft.

Other Nlaka'pamux bands belong to the Nicola Tribal Association or the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration.

Fraser Canyon Indian Administration
The Fraser Canyon Indian Administration was a First Nations tribal council government composed of five bands in the Fraser Canyon and Thompson Canyon areas of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

The Fraser Canyon Indian Administration closed when it disbanded in 2004.
Lo Chih-chiang
Lo Chih-chiang (Chinese: 羅智強; pinyin: Luó Zhìqiáng; born 26 March 1970) is a Taiwanese politician. He is a member of the Kuomintang (KMT). From 2010 to 2013, he was first the spokesperson and then the Deputy Secretary-General of the ROC Presidential Office. He was elected to the Taipei City Council in 2018. In 2020, at the invitation of KMT chairman Johnny Chiang, he assumed the directorship of the party school, the Institute of Revolutionary Practice.

Johnny Chiang
Chiang Chi-chen (Chinese: 江啟臣; pinyin: Jiāng Qǐchén; Wade–Giles: Chiang1 Chʻi3-chʻên; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kang Khé-sîn; born 2 March 1972), also known by his English name Johnny Chiang, is a Taiwanese political scientist and politician who has served as the vice president of the Legislative Yuan since 2024.

Chiang served as an associate professor in Soochow University before his political career. He was the penultimate Director-General of the Government Information Office from 2010 to 2011, a post he resigned to become a member of the Legislative Yuan in which he has served since 2012. In March 2020, he was elected the Chairman of the Kuomintang and assumed office on 9 March until he was succeeded by Eric Chu on 5 October 2021. Chiang took office as vice president of the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2024.
Tin Wah Estate
Tin Wah Estate (Chinese: 天華邨) is a public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Tin Chung Court, Tin Fu Court, Tin Yan Estate and Light Rail Chung Fu stop. It consists of seven residential buildings completed in 1999.

Chung Fu stop
Chung Fu (Chinese: 頌富) is an MTR Light Rail stop. It is located above the roundabout of Tin Shui Road and Tin Wah Road, next to T Town, in Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long District. It is the only elevated Light Rail stop in Tin Shui Wai.The distance between Chung Fu and Tin Fu stop is the shortest in the current Light Rail system. It belongs to Zone 5A and began service on 7 December 2003.
Olde Malsters, Usk
Olde Malsters, 11 New Market Street, Usk, Monmouthshire is a remnant of a large house of late medieval origins. The existing building comprises the cross-wing and a passage from the original townhouse. It is a Grade II* listed building.

Usk
Usk (Welsh: Brynbuga) is a town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Newport. It is located on the River Usk, which is spanned by an arched stone bridge at the western entrance to the town. Usk Castle, above the town, overlooks the ancient crossing point. It developed as a small market town, with some industry including the making of Japanware, and with a notable prison built in 1841–42. In recent years, Usk has become known for its history of success in Britain in Bloom competitions, winning the "Wales in Bloom" competition 35 times in a row between 1982 and 2016. The resident population of the town in 2011 was 2,834, decreasing to roughly 2,600 in 2021. 6.8% of the population are recorded as being able to speak Welsh.
History of the Jews in Alsace
The history of the Jews in Alsace is one of the oldest in Europe. It was first attested to in 1165 by Benjamin of Tudela, who wrote about a "large number of learned men" in "Astransbourg"; and it is assumed that it dates back to around the year 1000. Although Jewish life in Alsace was often disrupted by outbreaks of pogroms, at least during the Middle Ages, and reined in by harsh restrictions on business and movement, it has had a continuous existence ever since it was first recorded. At its peak, in 1870, the Jewish community of Alsace numbered 35,000 people.

Théophile Bader
Théophile Bader (24 April 1864 – 16 March 1942), co-founder of Galeries Lafayette, was a French businessman and art collector whose family was persecuted during the Nazi occupation of France because of their Jewish heritage.
Roger Smith (tennis)
Roger Smith (born 20 January 1964) is a former tennis player from the Bahamas.

Smith turned professional in 1987. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 1 August 1988, when he became World Number 96 making him the highest singles ranked Bahamian in history along with Mark Knowles.

MaliVai Washington
MaliVai "Mal" Washington (/mælɪˈviːə/ mal-ih-VEE-ə) (born June 20, 1969) is an American former professional tennis player. He reached the men's singles final at Wimbledon in 1996, won four ATP titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 11 in October 1992.
Battle of Pankaleia
The Battle of Pankaleia was fought in 978 or 979 between the army loyal to the Byzantine emperor Basil II, commanded by Bardas Phokas the Younger, and the forces of the rebel general Bardas Skleros, which ultimately led to the defeat and exile of the latter. Sources are unclear in the succession and location of the events, so that while earlier scholars followed John Skylitzes in placing the Battle of Pankaleia in March 979 as the decisive victory for loyalist forces, today, following Leo the Deacon's account, it is placed in June 978 and regarded as a defeat for Phokas.

George Ostrogorsky
George Alexandrovich Ostrogorsky (Russian: Георгий Александрович Острогорский, romanized: Georgiy Aleksandrovich Ostrogorskiy; Serbian: Георгије Александрович Острогорски, Georgije Aleksandrovič Ostrogorski; 19 January 1902 – 24 October 1976) was a Russian-born Yugoslav historian and Byzantinist who was widely known for his achievements in Byzantine studies. He was a professor at the University of Belgrade.
Carlos Masquelet
Carlos Masquelet Lacaci (14 July 1871 – 14 September 1948) was a Spanish military officer. During the Second Spanish Republic, he held various positions, including Chief of the Central General Staff of the Army and Minister of War on two mandates. He played a significant role during the Spanish Civil War, designing a defensive front based on fortifications, distributed in four rings, which were built for the Siege of Madrid.

Ministry of War (Spain)
The Spanish Ministry of War (Spanish: Ministerio de la Guerra) was established as the Secretary of State (Spanish: Secretario del Despacho de Guerra) in 1714. In 1977 it was collected with the Ministry of the Navy and Ministry of the Air to create the Minister of Defence.
Constituencies of Singapore
Constituencies in Singapore are electoral divisions which may be represented by single or multiple seats in the Parliament of Singapore. Constituencies, also called (electoral) divisions, are classified as either single-member constituencies (SMCs) or group representation constituencies (GRCs). An SMC is represented by a single Member of Parliament (MP) while a GRC can have anywhere between three and six (in practice, four or five) seats in Parliament.

Cheng San Group Representation Constituency
Cheng San Group Representation Constituency was a group representation constituency (GRC) in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It comprised the eastern section of Ang Mo Kio, Jalan Kayu, Seletar Hills, part of Serangoon North, much of Hougang and Buangkok as well as the entirety of both Sengkang and Punggol.

The constituency came into national prominence during the 1997 general election, which was the final contest before its abolition and redrawing for the 2001 general election. Its last Members of Parliament (MPs) were Lee Yock Suan, Heng Chiang Meng, Michael Lim Chun Leng, Zainul Abidin Bin Mohamed Rasheed and Yeo Guat Kwang, all representing the People's Action Party (PAP).
Our Lady of the Mount Catholic Church (Honolulu)
Our Lady of the Mount Catholic Church in Honolulu is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church of Hawaii in the United States.  It falls under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Honolulu and its bishop. Located in the Kalihi Valley neighborhood community, it once served the immigrant Portuguese pineapple and sugarcane plantation laborers of the early 20th century. They dedicated their church to Nossa Sanhora do Monte or Our Lady of the Mount, in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Diocese of Honolulu
The Diocese of Honolulu (Latin: Diœcesis Honoluluensis) is a Catholic diocese for the state of Hawaii in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu. The bishop is Clarence Silva.