hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinatown, Pittsburgh
The U.S. city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was home to a "small, but busy" Chinatown, located at the intersection of Grant Street and Boulevard of the Allies in Downtown Pittsburgh. From the mid-19th century into the early 20th century, Pittsburgh's Chinatown was home to a relatively-contained group of local commerce, grocery stores, and markets. Its Chinese American community resided in the surrounding blocks.The neighborhood was mostly destroyed when construction on the Boulevard began in the 1950s. Only one Chinese restaurant remains. The On Leong Society was located there.  According to the article, "... the first Chinese community in Pittsburgh developed around Wylie Avenue above Court Place," according to a 1942 newsletter of the American Service Institute of Allegheny County.  The Chinatown spread to Grant Street, and then "... to Water Street and then spread out to Second and Third avenues."

Downtown Pittsburgh
Downtown Pittsburgh, colloquially referred to as the Golden Triangle, and officially the Central Business District, is the urban downtown center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River whose joining forms the Ohio River. The triangle is bounded by the two rivers.

The area features offices for major corporations such as PNC Bank, U.S. Steel, PPG, Bank of New York Mellon, Heinz, Federated Investors, and Alcoa. It is where the fortunes of such industrial barons as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, Henry J. Heinz, Andrew Mellon and George Westinghouse were made. It contains the site where the French fort, Fort Duquesne, once stood.
Santa Catarina (ship)
Santa Catarina was a Portuguese merchant ship, a 1500-ton carrack, that was seized by the Dutch East India Company (also known as VOC) on 25 February 1603 off Singapore. She was such a rich prize that her sale proceeds increased the capital of the VOC by more than 50%. From the large amounts of Ming Chinese porcelain captured in this ship, Chinese pottery became known in Holland as Kraakporselein, or "carrack-porcelain" for many years.

Prize (law)
In admiralty law, prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized") are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war. In the past, the capturing force would commonly be allotted a share of the worth of the captured prize. Nations often granted letters of marque that would entitle private parties to capture enemy property, usually ships. Once the ship was secured on friendly territory, it would be made the subject of a prize case: an in rem proceeding in which the court determined the status of the condemned property and the manner in which the property was to be disposed of.
Miccosukee, Florida
Miccosukee is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in northeastern Leon County, Florida, United States. The population was 383 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Tallahassee metropolitan area. Miccosukee was a major center of the Miccosukee tribe, one of the tribes of the developing Seminole nation, during the 18th century.

Florida State Road 59
State Road 59 (SR 59) runs north to south through the eastern Florida Panhandle, with a northern terminus at US 90 near Lloyd, one major intersection at Interstate 10 at exit 217, and a southern terminus at US 98 in rural Jefferson County.

The route is extended at both ends by county roads; to the north through Leon County to the Georgia state line, where it becomes State Route 122 to Thomasville; and on the south via County Road 59, a former secondary state route, into the Saint Marks National Wildlife Refuge.
Elizabeth Whittingham
Elizabeth Whittingham is a former lecturer in English at the State University of New York College, Brockport, New York. She is known for her Tolkien studies research, including her 2008 book The Evolution of Tolkien's Mythology, which examines the development of his legendarium as published in the 12-volume The History of Middle-earth.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Kenyan Americans
Kenyan Americans are an ethnic group of Americans of Kenyan descent and ancestry. As of the 2021 census, there were an estimated 94,623 Kenyan-born persons living in the United States. Most Kenyan Americans are concentrated in Minneapolis–St. Paul, Seattle, Texas, Maryland, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, and the greater Washington, D.C. area.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Scott Tyner
Scott Dalton Tyner (born April 11, 1972) is a former punter who played five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Atlanta Falcons. Tyner attended Oklahoma State and Trinity Valley Community College after high school in Edgewood, Texas.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Seminole in the American Civil War
The Seminole in the American Civil War were found in both the Trans-Mississippi and Western Theaters. The Seminole Nation in the Trans-Mississippi Theater had split alliances. However, the majority of the tribe in the Western territories joined the Union Army under the leadership of Billy Bowlegs. Others, such as John Jumper, supported the Confederacy. The Florida Seminole participated in some skirmishing in central Florida. They were likely at the Battle of Olustee in February 1864.

Sonuk Mikko
Sonuk Mikko (unknown—ca. 1864), commonly known as Billy Bowlegs and also known as So-Nuk-Mek-Ko, was a Seminole who gained recognition as a captain in the American Civil War.  Mikko adopted the name of Chief Billy Bowlegs from (Holato Micco), who had fought in the Second and Third Seminole Wars, following Holato Micco's death in 1859.
Zinedine Ferhat
Zinedine Ferhat (Arabic: زين الدين فرحات; born 1 March 1993) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for MC Alger..

From 2013 to 2021, he played for the Algeria national team.

Angers SCO
Angers Sporting Club de l'Ouest, commonly referred to as Angers SCO (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʒe]), is a French professional football club based in Angers in Pays de la Loire in western France. The club was founded in 1919 and plays in Ligue 1, the first division of Football in France. It plays its home matches at the Stade Raymond Kopa. The club has played 31 seasons in the French top flight.
Tristan Do
Tristan Do (Thai: ทริสตอง โด, born 31 January 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Thai League 1 club Muangthong United. Born in France, he plays for the Thailand national football team.

2014 Thai League Cup
The Thai League Cup is a knock-out football tournament played in Thai sport. Some games are played as a single match, others are played as two-legged contests. The 2014 Thai League Cup kicked off on   1 February 2014 with the Bangkok & field regional qualifiers. The Thai League Cup has been readmitted back into Thai football after a 10-year absence. The Thai League Cup is sponsored by Toyota thus naming it Toyota League Cup. The prize money for this prestigious award is said to be around 5 million baht and the runners-up will be netting 1 million baht.

The prize money is not the only benefit of this cup, the team winning the fair play spot will get a Hilux Vigo. The MVP of the competition will get a Toyota Camry Hybrid Car. The winner of the cup will earn the right to participate on a cup competition in Japan.

This is the first edition of the competition and the qualifying round will be played in regions featuring clubs from the Regional League Division 2.
Common normal (robotics)
In robotics the common normal of two non-intersecting joint axes is a line perpendicular to both axes.

The common normal can be used to characterize robot arm links, by using the "common normal distance" and the angle between the link axes in a plane perpendicular to the common normal. When two consecutive joint axes are parallel, the common normal is not unique and an arbitrary common normal may be used, usually one that passes through the center of a coordinate system.

The common normal is widely used in the representation of the frames of reference for robot joints and links, and the selection of minimal representations with the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters.

Robotics engineering
Robotics engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the conception, design, manufacturing, and operation of robots. It involves a multidisciplinary approach, drawing primarily from mechanical, electrical, software, and artificial intelligence (AI) engineering.

Robotics engineers are tasked with designing these robots to function reliably and safely in real-world scenarios, which often require addressing complex mechanical movements, real-time control, and adaptive decision-making through software and AI.
Whenever You Need Me (Infernal song)
"Whenever You Need Me" is a song by Danish pop duo Infernal. It was released on 4 August 2008 as the second single from the album Electric Cabaret. A 2-minute preview of the song was released on 1 August 2008 for members of their website and soon after was sent to radios across Denmark. The song peaked at #2 on the Danish Airplay Chart, and was certified gold based on digital download sales in Denmark.

Michael Parsberg
Michael Parsberg (born Michael Parsberg-Hansen; 16 September 1974 in Copenhagen) is a Danish trance and house producer and DJ.
Parsberg has been the co-producer behind successful Danish acts such as Safri Duo, DJ Encore, Barcode Brothers and Pegboard Nerds, and has remixed numerous of Danish and international artists such as Shakira, Infernal and Aqua.
Dormaalocyon
Dormaalocyon ("dog from Dormaal") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Europe during the early Eocene. The type species, Dormaalocyon latouri, was discovered when fossils were unearthed in the village of Dormaal, near Zoutleeuw, in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.

It is considered one of the earliest ancestors to modern-day carnivoraforms.

Zoutleeuw
Zoutleeuw (Dutch: [zʌutˈleːu] ⓘ; French: Léau [leo]) is a municipality and city in the Hageland, in the extreme east of the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. On 1 January 2018 the municipality had 8,498 inhabitants. The total area is 46.73 km2, giving a population density of 182 inhabitants per km2.

The name Leeuw means "lion", to which Zout ("salt") was added from the 16th century in recognition of the town's right to levy a salt tax.

In 1999, UNESCO included the historical St. Leonard's Church as part of the World Heritage Site Belfries of Belgium and France.
Santa María del Oro, Jalisco
Santa María del Oro is a town and municipality, in the Southeastern  Region of Jalisco, in central-western Mexico, being the least populous and most sparsely populated municipality in Jalisco. The municipality covers an area of 776.4 km2.

As of 2020, the municipality had a total population of 1,815.

Quitupan
Quitupan is a town and municipality located in the southeastern region of the Mexican state of Jalisco. The name Quitupan comes from the word "Quitoa" or "Quitla", which means "place where declarations or treaties come from"  or "place that is located above".
Gmina Dąbie, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Gmina Dąbie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Dąbie, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Koło and 135 km (84 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 130.06 square kilometres (50.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,644 (out of which the population of Dąbie amounts to 2,087, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,557).

Koło
Koło (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkɔwɔ] ⓘ) is a town on the Warta River in central Poland with 23,101 inhabitants (2006). It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship and it is the capital of Koło County.
Kuldip Singh Brar
Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar, PVSM, AVSM, VrC (born 1934) is a retired Indian Army officer, who was involved in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As a major general, he commanded Operation Blue Star.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
Abu Qilqil Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية أبو قلقل)  is a subdistrict of Manbij District in Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. Administrative centre is the town of Abu Qilqil.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 47,109.

Manbij District
Manbij District (Arabic: منطقة منبج, romanized: manṭiqat Manbiǧ) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Manbij. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 408,143.

A 2019 report has estimated the population of Manbij district at 450,000 with 80% of the population being Arab, 15% Kurdish and 5% Turkmen and Circassian.
Zəyəm Cırdaxan
Zəyəm Cırdaxan (also Dzegam-Dzhirdakhan, Dzegam-Dzhyrdakhan, and Zeyamdzhirdakhan) is a village and the most populous municipality, except for the capital Şəmkir, in the Shamkir Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 7,546.

Shamkir (city)
40°49′47″N 46°01′08″E﻿ / ﻿40.82972°N 46.01889°E﻿ / 40.82972; 46.01889

Shamkir (Azerbaijani: Şəmkir), known historically as Annenfeld, is a city in and the capital of Shamkir District in western Azerbaijan, located in the northern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the coast of the Chagirchay River on Tbilisi-Yevlakh highway, about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from Dallar railway station. It is the eighth most populous city in Azerbaijan.
Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi
Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fountain of the Four Rivers) is a fountain in the Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy. It was designed in 1651 by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Pope Innocent X whose family palace, the Palazzo Pamphili, faced onto the piazza as did the church of Sant'Agnese in Agone of which Innocent was the sponsor.

Palazzo Pamphilj
See also Palazzo Doria Pamphilj and Pamphilj Palace (Albano)

Palazzo Pamphilj, also spelled Palazzo Pamphili, is a palace facing onto the Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy. It was built between 1644 and 1650.

Since 1920, the palace has housed the Brazilian Embassy in Italy. In October 1960, it became the property of the Federative Republic of Brazil in a purchase negotiation led by Ambassador Hugo Gouthier de Oliveira Gondim.  The roof terrace is open to the public, with a renowned restaurant and bar that showcases the Roman skyline, and frequent concerts, often featuring Italian opera.
Siege of Oran (1556)
The siege of Oran of 1556 occurred when Ottoman troops from Algiers besieged the Spanish garrison in Oran. The siege, by land and sea, was ultimately lifted without success. Although Algerian forces were able to win a couple of skirmishes against the Spanish army, it had to be lifted in August 1556 when the Ottoman fleet of 40 galleys was recalled for duty in the Eastern Mediterranean.

During the time the Ottomans were occupied in the siege, the Moroccans, who were allied with the Spanish, occupied the city of Tlemcen but Algerian forces were able to reconquer it the following year during the Campaign of Tlemcen, led by Hassan Pacha and Aït Abbas contingents from Kabylia.

Campaign of Tlemcen (1557)
The Campaign of Tlemcen or Tlemcen campaign was a military operation led by the Saadians of Mohammed ash-Sheikh against Tlemcen in 1557, then under the domination of the Regency of Algiers, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. Mohammed ash-Sheikh, who wanted to conquer Algeria, occupied the city but failed to seize the Mechouar Palace, which was defended by a garrison of 500 men under the command of Caïd Saffa.
Robert van Sice
Robert van Sice is an American marimba player. He currently teaches at the Yale School of Music and the Peabody Conservatory of Music, and the Curtis Institute of Music. Van Sice has his own line of marimba mallets by Vic Firth, and a line of signature marimbas by Adams Musical Instruments.

In Europe, Van Sice gave the first solo marimba recital at Amsterdam's Concertgebouw in 1989 and taught at the Rotterdam Conservatorium and Darmstädter Ferienkurse.

Among his former students are some of the four members of So Percussion.

Vic Firth
Everett Joseph "Vic" Firth (June 2, 1930 – July 26, 2015) was an American musician and the founder of Vic Firth Company (formerly Vic Firth, Inc.), a company that makes percussion sticks and mallets. He was also known for his association with the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Japanese hip-hop
Japanese hip hop is hip hop music from Japan. It began in the early 1980s with Yellow Magic Orchestra and Hiroshi Fujiwara. Japanese hip hop tends to be most directly influenced by old school hip hop, taking from the era's catchy beats, dance culture and overall fun and carefree nature and incorporating it into their music. As a result, hip hop stands as one of the most commercially viable mainstream music genres in Japan and the line between it and pop music is frequently blurred.

Underground hip-hop
Underground hip-hop (also known as underground rap) is a scene and style of hip-hop music that is defined as being countercultural in nature, existing outside of and in contrast to the sounds, style and aesthetics of mainstream hip-hop. Despite this, underground artists have often reached widespread success and popularity through internet virality, critical acclaim, or appearances on the Billboard charts.

Originally associated with conscious, experimental and progressive rap, the term later shifted to refer to several trap-descendant internet rap scenes and music that emerged during the late 2000s and 2010s.
Bullockus mcmurrayi
Bullockus mcmurrayi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, commonly knows as spindle snails and tulip snails. This species was first described in 1941 by Clench & Aguayo. Initially classified under the genus Latirus, but later reclassified into the genus Bullockus.

Fasciolariidae
Fasciolariidae is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Species in Fasciolariidae are commonly known as tulip snails and spindle snails.

The family Fasciolariidae most likely appeared about 110 million years ago during the Cretaceous period.
Fannefjorden
Fannefjorden is a fjord located in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is a 20-kilometre (12 mi) long extension of the Moldefjorden, running east–west near the south side of the Romsdal peninsula.  The fjord begins just east of the city of Molde on the north shore with the island of Bolsøya on the south side. It is believed that "Fannefjorden" is very old name, and perhaps a name originally applied to the whole area.

European Route E39 runs along the north side of the fjord from the city of Molde to the village of Hjelset on the northern shore of the fjord, where the road turns northward. The village of Kleive is located near the end of the fjord. County Road 64 crosses under the fjord in the Fannefjord Tunnel.

Romsdalshalvøya
Romsdalshalvøya, sometimes translated as the Romsdal Peninsula, is a 1,560-square-kilometre (600 sq mi) peninsula located in the Romsdal district of Møre og Romsdal county in Norway. The peninsula encompasses parts of Molde Municipality, Gjemnes Municipality, and Hustadvika Municipality.

The peninsula is connected to the mainland by a 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) wide isthmus between the villages of Eidsvåg and Eidsøra in Molde Municipality. The peninsula is flanked by a number of fjords: Langfjorden and Romsdalsfjorden to the south, Julsund (to the west), Hustadvika to the north, Kornstadfjorden and Kvernesfjorden to the north-east, and Tingvollfjorden and Sunndalsfjorden to the east.

About 42,000 people live on the peninsula, with another 5,000 on the adjacent islands.
Zoran Lilić
Zoran Lilić (Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Лилић; born 27 August 1953) is a Serbian and former Yugoslav politician. He served as President of the National Assembly of Serbia in 1993, and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1993 to 1997.

President of the National Assembly of Serbia
The president of the National Assembly (Serbian: Председник Народне скупштине, romanized: Predsednik Narodne skupštine), formally the president of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Председник Народне скупштине Републике Србије, romanized: Predsednik Narodne skupštine Republike Srbije), is the presiding officer of the National Assembly of Serbia. The president represents the National Assembly and is elected by members of each new assembly for a term lasting four years.

The president of the National Assembly serves as acting president of Serbia if the elected president vacates the office before the expiration of the 5-year presidential term due to death, resignation or removal from office.