hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas sRNA P15
Pseudomonas sRNA P15 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

P15 is conserved across several Pseudomonas species and is consistently located upstream of a 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase gene. P15 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ end but the function of P15 is unknown.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
2008 AFC Champions League knockout stage
The 2008 AFC Champions League knockout stage was played from 17 September to 12 November 2008. A total of eight teams competed in the knockout stage to decide the champions of the 2008 AFC Champions League.

2008 AFC Champions League
The 2008 AFC Champions League was the 27th AFC Champions League, the top-level Asian club football tournament, and the 6th under the current AFC Champions League title. It was the last AFC Champions League before the competition expanded to 32 teams.

Gamba Osaka defeated Adelaide United  5–0 on aggregate in the final to win their first AFC Champions League title. Both clubs qualified for the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup: Gamba Osaka as the AFC representative, and Adelaide United as the host nation's representative, since Japan's spot was reallocated due to Gamba Osaka's qualification as continental champion.

Urawa Red Diamonds were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the eventual winners Gamba Osaka in the semi-finals.
Pulmocutaneous circulation
Pulmocutaneous circulation is part of the amphibian circulatory system.  It is responsible for directing blood to the skin and lungs.  Blood flows from the ventricle into an artery called the conus arteriosus and from there into either the left or right truncus arteriosus.  They in turn each split the ventricle's output into the pulmocutaneous circuit and the systemic circuit.

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.
Shunde Port
Shunde Port (Chinese: 顺德港) is a passenger port in Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China. It is located at the right side of Wusha Bridge (Chinese: 五沙大桥) in Daliang, Shunde. It provides daily passenger vessel service between Shunde and Hong Kong.

The port started service in 1998 when the passenger port of the nearby Rongqi Port was relocated there.

Shunde, Guangdong
Shunde or Shun Tak (from Cantonese) is a district in the city of Foshan, Guangdong, located in the Pearl River Delta of China. It had a population of 2,464,784 as of the 2010 census. Once a traditional agricultural county, it has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China. Since 2009, Shunde has been administered independently of Foshan city. It is directly accountable to the Guangdong provincial government.
Gymnodiniales
The Gymnodiniales are an order of dinoflagellates, of the class Dinophyceae. Members of the order are known as gymnodinioid or gymnodinoid (terms that can also refer to any organism of similar morphology). They are athecate, or lacking an armored exterior, and as a result are relatively difficult to study because specimens are easily damaged. Many species are part of the marine plankton and are of interest primarily due to being found in algal blooms. As a group the gymnodinioids have been described as "likely one of the least known groups of the open ocean phytoplankton."

Of the families in the order, the Polykrikaceae and Warnowiaceae are well known for possessing exceptionally complex assemblies of organelles, such as nematocysts, trichocysts, and pistons. The Warnowiaceae uniquely possess an ocelloid, an extremely complex light-sensitive subcellular structure composed of mitochondria and plastids.

Warnowiaceae
The Warnowiaceae are a family of athecate dinoflagellates (a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotes). Members of the family are known as warnowiids. The family is best known for a light-sensitive subcellular structure known as the ocelloid, a highly complex arrangement of organelles with a structure directly analogous to the eyes of multicellular organisms. The ocelloid has been shown to be composed of multiple types of endosymbionts, namely mitochondria and at least one type of plastid.
Clarence Town, New South Wales
Clarence Town is both a primarily rural locality and a township in the Dungog Shire local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is 193 kilometres (120 mi) north of Sydney, 54 km (34 mi) north-north-west of Newcastle, and 28 km (17 mi) from the Pacific Highway at Raymond Terrace. The locality is bisected by the Williams River. The township sits just to the west of the river about 32 km (20 mi) upstream from where it flows into the Hunter River at Raymond Terrace.

Raymond Terrace
Raymond Terrace, locally known as "Raymo” or "The Terrace", is a town in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, about 26 km (16 mi) by road north of Newcastle on the Pacific Highway. Established in 1837 it is situated at the confluence of the Hunter and Williams rivers. The town was named after Lieutenant Raymond, who had explored the Hunter River in 1797 and described the terraced appearance of trees in the area. Governor Lachlan Macquarie camped in the area in 1818, using "Raymond's Terrace" as the name for the place where his party had camped.

At the 2021 census Raymond Terrace had a population of 13,453. It is the administrative centre of the Port Stephens local government area as well as a service hub for surrounding rural areas.
Regular open set
A subset  of a topological space  is called a regular open set if it is equal to the interior of its closure; expressed symbolically, if  or, equivalently, if  where   and  denote, respectively, the interior, closure and boundary of

A subset  of  is called a regular closed set if it is equal to the closure of its interior; expressed symbolically, if  or, equivalently, if

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
Alsleben
Alsleben (pronounced [ˈalsleːbm̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, south of Bernburg. It is part of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Saale-Wipper.

Salzlandkreis
Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.
International Berkeley Society
The International Berkeley Society (IBS) is a US-based organization that is aimed at promoting interest in the life and work of the philosopher Bishop George Berkeley. Its president is currently Nancy Kendrick.

Colin Murray Turbayne
Colin Murray Turbayne (7 February 1916 – 16 May 2006) was an Australian philosopher and scholar of George Berkeley. He spent most of his thirty-five-year academic career at the University of Rochester and authored The Myth of Metaphor in which he explores the use and abuse of metaphors and conceptual metaphors in language.
NGC 1574
NGC 1574 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Reticulum. The galaxy lies about 55 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 1574 is approximately 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on December 4, 1834. It is a member of the Dorado Group.

The galaxy features a bar embedded in an extended disk. A nearly complete ring surrounds the bar. The galaxy is seen nearly face-on, at an inclination of about 27°. Carbon monoxide  gas has been lying in a disk about 2.6 arcseconds across, which corresponds to about 200 parsecs, around the nucleus. The kinematics suggest that it is due to a warp in the disk. The nucleus of the galaxy doesn't appear to be active. The supermassive black hole is estimated to have a mass of (1.0±0.2)×108 M☉.

Reticulum
Reticulum is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for a small net, or reticle—a net of crosshairs at the focus of a telescope eyepiece that is used to measure star positions. The constellation is best viewed between October and December, and save for one main star visible in ideal conditions, cannot be seen from north of the 30th parallel north.
Vulcabrasǀazaleia
Vulcabrasǀazaleia is a Brazilian footwear company, being the third largest in domestic market and in Latin America, only after Brazilians Alpargatas and Grendene. The company was founded in 1952 in São Paulo, but currently is headquartered in Jundiaí.

The company is owned by Grendene family, that owns Grendene, the second largest footwear company in Brazil and a competitor of Vulcabrasǀazaleia.

The company has 25 plants located in the Brazilian states of Ceará, Sergipe, Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul, and a plant in Argentina and has operations in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Colombia, Peru, India and United States.

Currently the company operates through its 6 brands that are azaleia, dijean, Olympikus, Opanka, Reebok and Botas Vulcabras.

Alpargatas S.A.
Alpargatas S.A. (formerly, São Paulo Alpargatas) is a Brazilian manufacturing company headquartered in São Paulo. Established in 1907, it is one of the largest Brazilian companies in the footwears and canvas business.

Alpargatas' main product is Havaianas, one of the largest Brazilian brands of rubber flip-flops introduced in 1962 and inspired by the Japanese Zori sandals.

Other products manufactured by Alpargatas S.A. include handbags, shoes, and sneakers, commercialised under its brands.
Common Image Generator Interface
The Common Image Generator Interface (CIGI) (pronounced sig-ee), is an on-the-wire data protocol that allows communication between an Image Generator and its host simulation.  The interface is designed to promote a standard way for a host device to communicate with an image generator (IG) within the industry.

CIGI enables plug-and-play by standard-compliant image generator vendors and reduces integration costs when upgrading visual systems.

Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization
The Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) is an organization dedicated to the promotion of modeling and simulation interoperability and reuse for the benefit of diverse modeling and simulation communities, including developers, procurers, and users, worldwide.
Aborted
Aborted is a Belgian death metal band formed in 1995 in Waregem. The group currently consists of vocalist, founder, and only constant member Sven de Caluwé, along with guitarists Ian Jekelis and Dan Konráðsson. Although the band originally had an entire lineup of members residing in Belgium, Aborted's current lineup now features members from Belgium, Iceland, and the United States. The band has released twelve studio albums, six EPs and one live DVD.

Aborted has been described as a deathgrind band, but their more recent material has been called deathcore. AllMusic has described the band's style as "unrestrained grindcore savagery and meticulously crafted death metal technicality".

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Sergey Patsay
Sergey Patsay (Russian: Сергей Пацай; born 14 December 1967) is a Kazakhstani retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder or forward. He made two appearances for the Kazakhstan national team in 1992.

Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC
Nyíregyháza Spartacus is a professional football club from Nyíregyháza, Hungary. Formed in 1928, it has had brief stints in the Nemzeti Bajnokság III. It set to play in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I from 2024–25 after promotion from Nemzeti Bajnokság II in 2023–24. The team is locally referred to by its monicker, Szpari. Its games take place in Városi Stadion, in the city sport complex just north of the downtown.
2025 FIBA U16 Asia Cup
The 2025 FIBA U16 Asia Cup was the eighth edition of the FIBA Under-16 Asia Cup, the continental basketball championship for under-16 men's national teams from the FIBA Asia zone. The tournament was played at the M bank arena and the Buyant Ukhaa Sport Palace in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, from 31 August to 7 September 2025. It also served as a qualifier for the 2026 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup in Turkey, where the top four teams qualified.

Australia successfully defended their title from the previous championship after defeating China in the final, 85–58.

On 5 September 2025, after winning their respective quarterfinal matches, Australia, New Zealand, China, and Japan clinched the four spots allocated and will represent FIBA Asia at the 2026 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup.

FIBA Under-16 Asia Cup
The FIBA U16 Asia Cup, formerly known as the FIBA U16 Asian Championship, is a biennial international men's under-16 basketball competition organized by FIBA Asia.

The event also serves as a qualification tournament for the FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup, where the top four finishers automatically qualify.
Himalayasaurus
Himalayasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Qulonggongba Formation of Tibet. The type species Himalayasaurus tibetensis was described in 1972 on the basis of fragmentary remains, including teeth, limb bones, and vertebrae. The entire body length of Himalayasaurus is estimated to have been over 15 metres (49 ft) in length. Himalayasaurus has since been considered a nomen dubium or "dubious name" because of the lack of features that set it apart from other ichthyosaurs, although the presence of distinct cutting edges on its teeth have more recently been proposed as a unique feature of the genus (cutting edges have also been found in the ichthyosaur Thalattoarchon from the western United States). Himalayasaurus belongs to the family Shastasauridae, which includes other large-bodied Triassic ichthyosaurs like Shonisaurus.

Shonisaurus
Shonisaurus is a genus of very large ichthyosaurs. At least 37 incomplete fossil specimens of the type species, Shonisaurus popularis, have been found in the Luning Formation of Nevada, USA. This formation dates to the late Carnian-early Norian age of the Late Triassic, around 227 million years ago. Other possible species of Shonisaurus have been discovered from the middle Norian deposits of Canada and Alaska.
Willington Waggonway
The Willington Waggonway was constructed in 1795 to carry coal from Tyneside mines to the river. It was rediscovered in 2013 during archaeological work being carried out prior to redevelopment of the former Neptune shipyard in Walker due to its proximity to the Roman fort, Segedunum. Well preserved under compacted coal waste was part of the most complete and complex 18th century waggonway ever found.

Wagonway
A wagonway (or waggonway; also known as a horse-drawn railway, or horse-drawn railroad) was a method of railway transportation that preceded the steam locomotive and used horses to haul wagons. The terms plateway and tramway were also used. The advantage of wagonways was that far bigger loads could be transported with the same power compared to horse haulage along roads.
Quercus jinpinensis
Quercus jinpinensis is an uncommon Asian species of trees in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to southern China, found only in the Province of Yunnan. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus jinpinensis is a tree. The leaves can be as much as 11 cm long.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress
Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress is an 1892 book by British writer and social reformer Henry S. Salt. He argues that animals, as sentient beings, deserve moral and legal rights based on justice, and critiques various forms of animal exploitation as incompatible with ethical social progress. It is widely considered to be the first explicit treatment of the concept of animal rights.

Vivisection
Vivisection (from Latin  vivus 'alive' and  sectio 'cutting') is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for experimentation on live animals by organizations opposed to animal experimentation, but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture.
Sink condition
In pharmaceutics, sink condition is a term mostly related to the dissolution testing procedure.

It means using a sheer volume of solvent, usually about 5 to 10 times greater than the volume present in the saturated solution of the targeted chemical (often the API, and sometimes the excipients) contained in the dosage form being tested.

During the dissolution testing, "sink condition" is a mandatory requirement, otherwise when the concentration begins to get too close to the saturation point, even though the total soluble amount still remains constant, the dissolution rate will gradually begin to reduce in significant amounts, enough to corrupt the test results.

Excipient
An excipient or inactive ingredient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication. They enhance the active ingredient's therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption, to modify viscosity, to enhance solubility, to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation during the expected shelf life). During the manufacturing process, excipients can improve the handling of active substances and facilitate powder flow. The choice of excipients depends on factors such as the intended route of administration, the dosage form, and compatibility with the active ingredient.

Virtually all marketed drugs contain excipients, and final drug formulations commonly contain more excipient than active ingredient.  Pharmaceutical regulations and standards mandate the identification and safety assessment of all ingredients in drugs, including their chemical decomposition products.
Ti Ti Ti Terette Teretititi (Dare no Ketsu)
"Ti Ti Ti Terette Teretititi (Dare no Ketsu)" is the second single by Japanese boy band Busaiku, released on July 27, 2014, from Avex Trax. It was produced by Masahiro Nakai, following "A gift from heaven".

Tana Kara Botamochi
"Tana Kara Botamochi" (棚からぼたもち, lit. 'A Gift from Heaven') is a song and debut single by Busaiku, released on December 13, 2013, by Avex Trax. It was produced by Masahiro Nakai who was a member of Japanese national boy band SMAP.
The Walking Dead: Survivors
The Walking Dead: Survivors is a freemium mobile strategy video game developed by Elex, licensed by Skybound Entertainment, based on the comic book series The Walking Dead by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore and Charlie Adlard. The game has more than 80 characters from The Walking Dead comics, including characters such as: Negan, Rick, Michonne, and many more. The game was released for iOS and Android platforms on April 12, 2021.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Matrix scheme
A matrix scheme (also known as a matrix sale or site, and as a hellevator, excavator or ladder scheme) is a business model involving the exchange of money for a certain product with a side bonus of being added to a waiting list for a product of greater value than the amount given. Matrix schemes are also sometimes considered similar to Ponzi or pyramid schemes. They have been called "unsustainable" by the United Kingdom's Office of Fair Trading. A matrix scheme is also an example of an "exploding queue'"in queueing theory.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.