hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ophiocordyceps arborescens
Ophiocordyceps arborescens is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It produces superficial, oval perithecia at the apex of its stroma, and also multiseptate ascospores, while producing Hirsutella-type anamorphs on growth culture media. They are particularly distinguished by the shape and size of their stroma.

Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects.

Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomyceta, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects.
Restauration nationale (France)
The Restauration Nationale (often abbreviated as RN) is a French political movement rooted in the royalist tradition and aligned with the legacy of the Action française. Positioned on the far-right of the political spectrum, it was founded in 1955 during the early days of the Algerian War by Pierre Juhel and Louis-Olivier de Roux, both former Camelots du Roi. Initially known as the "Propaganda Center for Action Française Royalism," the RN advocated for the French Algeria cause and supported the Organisation armée secrète (OAS).

Camelots du Roi
The King's Camelots, officially the National Federation of the King's Camelots (French: Fédération nationale des Camelots du Roi) was a far-right youth organization of the French militant royalist and integralist movement Action Française active from 1908 to 1936. It is best known for taking part in many right-wing demonstrations in France in the 1920s and 1930s.
Bendora Gravity Main
The Bendora Gravity Main is a water main located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Water in the water main travels 19.3 kilometres (12.0 mi) from the Bendora Dam via gravity to the treatment plant on Mount Stromlo, adjacent to the Cotter Dam pumping station, upstream from the confluence of the Cotter River with the Murrumbidgee River. Construction of the water main commenced in 1966 and was opened on 5 January 1968. Prior to the construction of the gravity main, water was stored in Bendora Dam and released down the Cotter River to the Cotter Dam. The gravity main is 1.6 metres (5 ft 3 in) in diameter and has been buried nearly the entire length of its construction. The water main has  the capacity to carry 310 megalitres (68,000,000 imp gal; 82,000,000 US gal) of water per day.

The Bendora Gravity Main also supplies the Mount Stromlo Hydro-Power Station.

Cotter River
The Cotter River, a perennial river of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The Cotter River, together with the Queanbeyan River, is one of two rivers that provides potable water to the Canberra and Queanbeyan region.
2026 Open Quimper Bretagne
The 2026 Open Quimper Bretagne Occidentale was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 17th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2026 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Quimper, France between 27 January and 1 February 2026.

2026 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2026 is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2026 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 156 tournaments (as of 3 August 2026), with prize money ranging from $63,000 up to $300,000. It is the 49th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle, and 18th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700 was part of the joint European effort to confront the Ottoman Empire. The larger European conflict was known as the Great Turkish War.

The Russo-Turkish War began after the Tsardom of Russia joined the European anti-Turkish coalition (Habsburg monarchy, Poland–Lithuania, Venice) in 1686, after Poland-Lithuania agreed to recognize Russian incorporation of Kiev and the left bank of Ukraine.

Selim I Giray
Selim I Giray (1631 - 22 December 1704) was four times Khan of the Crimean Khanate in the period from 1671 to 1704. During this time Crimean khans were regularly appointed and replaced by the Ottomans. The main events of the period were the continuing conflicts in Ukraine, the Russian capture of Azov and the Great Turkish War during which the Turks were pushed back from Vienna in 1683 to about the line of Belgrade.  Unlike other khans of the period, he ruled well and had no conflicts with his nobles.
Sveti Jošt nad Kranjem
Sveti Jošt nad Kranjem (pronounced [ˈsʋeːti ˈjoːʃt nat ˈkɾaːnjɛm]; German: Sankt Jodoci) is a settlement on a hill of the same name east of Kranj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is centered on the church of Saint Judoc (Slovene: sveti Jošt), a landmark of Kranj, visible from afar.

Kranj
Kranj (pronounced [ˈkɾàːn] ⓘ, German: Krainburg) is the fourth-largest city in Slovenia and the largest urban center of the traditional region of Upper Carniola (northwestern Slovenia) and the Slovene Alps. It is located approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of the national capital Ljubljana, acting as the seat of the City Municipality of Kranj.
Yasemin Güveli
Yasemin Güveli (born 5 January 1999) is a Turkish professional volleyball player. She is 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) tall at 70 kg (150 lb), and plays in the Middle Blocker position. She plays for Galatasaray in Istanbul, and is a member of the Turkey women's national volleyball team.

Turkey women's national under-19 volleyball team
The Turkiye women's national under-19 volleyball team represents Turkiye in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 19.  It is governed by the Turkish Volleyball Federation, which is an affiliate of International Volleyball Federation FIVB and also a part of European Volleyball Confederation CEV.
2007 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000
The 2007 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 was an endurance race for V8 Supercars, held on 7 October 2007 at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. It was the tenth round of the 2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

The race was the eleventh running of the Australian 1000, first held in 1997 following an organisational split that occurred with the Bathurst 1000 in that year. It was the 50th race in the combined history of the Bathurst 1000 and the Australian 1000.

2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series
The 2007 V8 Supercar season featured the ninth V8 Supercar Championship Series which began on 1 March and concluded on 2 December. This championship consisted of 14 rounds covering all states and the Northern Territory of Australia as well as rounds in New Zealand and Bahrain. The series also carried the Australian Touring Car Championship title, which was awarded by CAMS for the 48th time in 2007.

The 2007 season was significant in that two new cars were being used by the teams. The Holden VE Commodore was a completely new car and the Ford BF Falcon consisted of several changes from the previous model. These cars debuted at the first round of the season at the Clipsal 500.

This season was also significant in that Seven Network broadcast the series for the first time since 1996, after Channel Ten and Fox Sports had rights to the series for the past ten years, and then revived in 2015.
Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
The Court of Jurisdictional Disputes (Turkish: Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi, also translated as Court of Jurisdictional Conflicts) is one of the four higher courts in the Republic of Turkey. It is tasked with disputes between civil and administrative courts concerning their jurisdiction and judgments. Before the abolishment of military courts in 2017, the court also looked at the disputes involving the military courts.

Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), and informally as the Constitution of 1982 (Turkish: 1982 Anayasası), is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organization of the government, and sets out the principles and rules of the state's conduct along with its responsibilities in regard to its citizens. The constitution also establishes the rights and responsibilities of the latter while setting the guidelines for the delegation and exercise that sovereignty belongs entirely and without doubt to the people.

The constitution was ratified on 7 November 1982. It replaced the earlier Constitution of 1961. The constitution was amended 21 times, three of them through a referendum: 2007, 2010, 2017, one of them partly through referendum: 1987. As of April 2017, 117 of the 177 articles of the Constitution of 1982 were amended overall.
Alpha Epsilon
Alpha Epsilon (ΑΕ) is a scholastic honor society recognizing academic achievement among students in the fields of agricultural, food, and biological engineering. It has thirty active chapters across the United States and a total membership of more than 8,200.

Association of College Honor Societies
The Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS) is a voluntary membership organization composed of national collegiate and post-graduate honor societies. Founded in 1925, ACHS publishes standards for its member organizations and evaluates applicants based on those criteria. ACHS is a voluntary professional association and is not a governmental accrediting agency.
Caribbean stud poker
Caribbean stud poker, also called casino stud poker, is a casino table game with rules derived from five-card stud poker. However, unlike standard poker games, Caribbean stud poker is played against the house rather than against other players. There is no option to bluff or deceive as this is played against the house and not other players.

Five-card stud
Five-card stud is the earliest form of the card game stud poker, originating during the American Civil War, but is less commonly played today than many other more popular poker games. It is still a popular game in parts of the world, especially in Finland where a specific variant of five-card stud called Sökö (also known as Canadian stud or Scandinavian stud) is played. The word sökö is also used for checking in Finland ("I check" = minä sökötän).

The description below assumes that one is familiar with the general game play of poker, and with hand values (both high and low variations).  The description also makes no assumptions about what betting structure is used.  Five-card stud is sometimes played no limit and pot limit, though fixed limit and spread limit games are common (with higher limits in the later betting rounds).  It is typical to use a small ante and a bring-in.
2025 Dhaka Chengdu J-7 crash
On 21 July 2025, at 13:12 BST (UTC+6), a Chengdu J-7 fighter jet operated by the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) crashed shortly after takeoff into the Milestone School campus in the Uttara neighbourhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, while students were attending classes. At least 37 people were killed and 171 injured, 24 critically.

Uttara (neighbourhood)
Uttara Model Town or simply Uttara (Bengali: উত্তরা, romanized: Uttôrā, lit. 'The North [of Dhaka]'; IPA: [ut̪ːɔɹa]) is a neighbourhood of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It lies on the road to Gazipur, and adjoins Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.
Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah of Johor
Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’l Jalil V Mu’azzam Shah Zilu’llah fil’Alam Khalifat ul-Muminin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Badr ul-‘Alam Shah (11 March 1738–29 January 1761) was the 15th Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor and Pahang and their dependencies who reigned from 1760 to 1761.

Styled as Raja di-Baroh before his accession, he was the second son of the 12th Sultan of Johor, Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah. He was installed as heir apparent with the title of 'Raja Muda' in October 1759. He succeeded his father as sultan on his death on August 20, 1760. His reign ended less than a year later when he died of poisoning, possibly by a Bugis chief, at Kuala Selangor on January 29, 1761. He was buried at Batangan, Riau, having had two sons. He was succeeded by his son Ahmad Riayat Shah.

Sultan of Johor
The Sultan of Johor (Malay: Sultan Johor; Jawi: ‏سلطان جوهر‎‎) is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a bendahara. Currently, the role of bendahara has been taken over by first minister (Malay: Menteri Besar) with the constitutional monarchy system via Johor State Constitution. The sultan is the constitutional head of state of Johor. The sultan has his own independent military force, the Royal Johor Military Force (Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor). The sultan is also the Head of Islam in Johor.
Andrew Le (chef)
Andrew Le (c. 1984) is a Vietnamese American chef based in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. Le was awarded the Honolulu Magazine's Hale ‘Aina Award for the "Restaurateur of the Year" in 2017.  He was also named as a James Beard Foundation Award semifinalist in 2023 and 2024.

Vietnamese Americans
Vietnamese Americans (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt, Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋɯəj˨˩ mi˦ˀ˥ ɣŏk˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ~ziət̚˧˨ʔ]) are Americans of Vietnamese ancestry. They constitute a major part of all overseas Vietnamese. As of 2023, over 2.3 million people of Vietnamese descent live in the United States, making them the fourth largest Asian American ethnic group. The majority (60%) are immigrants, while 40% were born in the United States. The number includes people of other ethnicities such as Montagnards, Tais, Chams, or Hoa Chinese.

The Vietnamese American population grew significantly after 1975, when a large wave of South Vietnamese refugees arrived in the U.S. following the end of the Vietnam War. Today, over half of Vietnamese-Americans reside in California and Texas, particularly in metropolitan areas like Los Angeles, Houston, and San Jose.
HD postcode area
The HD postcode area, also known as the Huddersfield postcode area, is a group of nine postcode districts in England, within three post towns. These cover southern West Yorkshire, including Huddersfield and Holmfirth in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, and Brighouse in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale.

Calderdale
Calderdale (/ˈkɔːldərdeɪl, ˈkɒl-/) is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, which had a population of 211,439. It takes its name from the River Calder, and dale, a word for valley. The name Calderdale usually refers to the borough through which the upper river flows, while the actual landform is known as the Calder Valley. Several small valleys contain tributaries of the River Calder. The main towns of the borough are Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Hebden Bridge, Sowerby Bridge and Todmorden.

Calderdale covers part of the South Pennines, and the Calder Valley is the southernmost of the Yorkshire Dales, though it is not part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The borough was formed in 1974 by the merger of nine local government districts.

Halifax is the commercial, cultural and administrative centre of the borough. Calderdale is served by Calderdale Council, which is headquartered in Halifax, with some functions based in Todmorden.
Pegylated interferon
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is a class of medication that includes three different drugs as of 2012:

Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a

Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b

Pegylated interferon beta-1a

In these formulations, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to make interferon last longer in the body. They are used to treat both hepatitis B, hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis.

Pegylated interferon is contraindicated in patients with hyperbilirubinaemia.

Interferon beta-1a
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified E. coli.  Some research indicates that interferon injections  may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses.

Interferon beta has not been shown to slow the advance of disability. Interferons are not a cure for MS (there is no known cure); the claim is that interferons may slow the progress of the disease if started early and continued for the duration of the disease.
Network NorthWest
Network NorthWest was a brand name of British Rail which was applied for a short period to the provincial railway network in North West England. It was launched in 1989 during British Rail's sectorisation programme which created distinct brand identities for regional sub-divisions.

The Network NorthWest name mirrored the larger Network SouthEast brand which had been rolled out on the rail network around London and the South East of England since 1982. Network NorthWest promoted suburban and regional railway services centred on Manchester and was jointly funded by British Rail, the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive and Lancashire County Council. Some Network NorthWest services overlapped with those of neighbouring Merseyrail, another British Rail regional network which was centred on Liverpool.

Merseyrail
Merseyrail is a commuter rail network which serves the Liverpool City Region, and the surrounding areas, in the North West of England. Since 2003, the network has been run as a concession, held by Serco and Transport UK Group.

It was established in 1977, when existing railway lines were connected by constructing new tunnels under Liverpool City Centre and Birkenhead. The network has since been expanded, with new stations built, and electrification of existing lines. Today, Merseyrail serves 69 stations, 67 of which it manages, across two lines – the Northern line and the Wirral line. The network uses 750 V DC third rail electrified lines having 76 miles (122 km) of routes, of which 6.5 miles (10.5 km) are underground. The network uses the Class 777 trains based on the Stadler METRO platform. The network carried 28.3 million passengers in 2023/2024.
Seonjamdan
Seonjamdan (Korean: 선잠단지; Hanja: 先蠶壇址) is a Confucian altar site located in Seongbuk-dong, Seongbuk District, Seoul, South Korea. The site served as the location for two altars built during the Joseon dynasty for silkworm rituals.

Seongbuk District
Seongbuk District (Korean: 성북구; RR: Seongbuk-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. The district is located in the mid-north part of the city. The current mayor is Lee Seung-ro, who has been mayor since July 2018. Seongbuk District was established under Presidential Decree No. 159 on August 13, 1949 (including some areas of Dongdaemun District and some areas of Sungin-myeon, Goyang-gun), and was promoted to an autonomous district by implementing a Gu-level local government on May 1, 1988.
Key Stage 5
Key Stage 5 refers to the education of students ages 16 to 19 in sixth forms and further education colleges in England and Northern Ireland. It follows Key Stage 4, and technically falls outside the national curriculum. During Key Stage 5, pupils study for A-levels or an equivalent qualification. Other advanced level qualifications pursued at Key Stage 5 may include AS level, International Baccalaureate diploma, and vocational and technical qualifications (VTQ) such as BTEC, BTEC extended diploma, or T Level. In November 2025, the UK government published plans to introduce a new V Leval qualification to sit alongside A Levels and T Levels.

National Curriculum for England
The National Curriculum for England is the statutory standard of school subjects, lesson content, and attainment levels for primary and secondary schools in England. It is compulsory for local authority-maintained schools, but also often followed by independent schools and state-funded academies. It was first introduced by the Education Reform Act 1988 as simply The National Curriculum and applied to both England and Wales. However, education later became a devolved matter for the Welsh government.

The National Curriculum for England has been updated multiple times since its introduction. As of 2024, the current version in use dates from 2014.
Khurshid Anwar (Major)
Khurshid Anwar was an activist of All-India Muslim League, heading its private militia, the Muslim League National Guards. Described as a "shadowy figure" and "complete adventurer", he is generally addressed as a "Major" in Pakistani sources. He was a key figure in the rise of the Muslim League during 1946–1947, organising its campaigns in Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, prior to India's partition. After the independence of Pakistan, he was instrumental in organising the tribal invasion of princely state of Kashmir, leading to the First Kashmir War.

Waziristan
Waziristan (Pashto, Ormuri, Urdu: وزیرستان, lit. 'land of the Wazir') is a mountainous region of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Waziristan region administratively splits among three districts: North Waziristan, Lower South Waziristan District, and Upper South Waziristan District. The entire Waziristan region covers around 11,585 square kilometres (4,500 sq mi) and is mainly populated by the Burki, Mehsud, The Wolves, & Wazir Pashtun tribe, who speak the Waziri dialect of the Pashto language.
South Aegean coal mines
The South Aegean coal mines are lignite mines in Muğla Province in Turkey formerly all owned by  Southern Aegean Lignite Enterprises, but now some by YK Energy (so those sometimes known as Yenikoy Lignite Mines). They supply Kemerköy, Yeniköy and Yatağan power plants, such as Yatağan coal mine and Milas coal mine.

Some people say mines such as Turgut are damaging the environment. There have been protests against the cutting of part of Akbelen Forest.

Muğla Province
Muğla Province (Turkish: Muğla ili, pronounced [muːɫa iˈli]) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey, at the country's southwestern corner, on the Aegean Sea. Its area is 12,654 km2, and its population is 1,048,185 (2022). Its seat is the city of Muğla, about 20 km (12 mi) inland, while some of Turkey's largest holiday resorts, such as Bodrum, Ölüdeniz, Marmaris and Fethiye, lie on the coast.
Casino Queen Marquette
Casino Queen Marquette is a 17,514 square feet (1,627.1 m2) riverboat casino located in Marquette, Iowa (across the Mississippi River from Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin) that is owned and operated by Bally's Corporation. The riverboat, named Miss Marquette, is located by a 31-acre (13 ha) site that also contains an enclosed pavilion, providing dining on the first floor and an entertainment showroom/banquet area on the second floor.

Currently offering 566 slot machines featuring a variety of games and 8 tables games.

Riverboat casino
A riverboat casino is a type of casino on a riverboat found in several states in the United States with frontage on the Mississippi River and its tributaries, or along the Gulf Coast. Several states authorized this type of casino in order to enable gambling, but limit the areas where casinos could be constructed. It was a type of legal fiction as the riverboats were rarely, if ever, taken away from the dock.
Marlin Fitzwater
Max Marlin Fitzwater (born November 24, 1942) is an American writer-journalist who served as White House Press Secretary for six years under U.S. presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, making him one of the longest-serving press secretaries in history. He is the only U.S. Press Secretary to be appointed by two different U.S. Presidents (Stephen Early and Pierre Salinger served as transition press secretaries for a few weeks and a few months, respectively).

Stephen Early
Stephen Tyree Early (August 27, 1889 – August 11, 1951) was an American journalist and government official. He served as the third White House press secretary under Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1945 and as the acting press secretary under President Harry S. Truman in 1950 after the sudden death of Charles Griffith Ross. Early served as press secretary longer than any other person.