hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Northrup
David Northrup (born March 6, 1961, in Laramie, Wyoming) is an American politician who served as a Republican Party member of the Wyoming House of Representatives representing the 25th district from January 10, 2023 to January 2025. Northrup represented the 50th district in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 2013 to 2021.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Tertinia gens
The gens Tertinia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. No members of this gens are mentioned in history, but a number are known from inscriptions, largely dating from the second and third centuries.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Slavic second palatalization
The Slavic second palatalization is a Proto-Slavic sound change that manifested as a regressive palatalization of inherited Balto-Slavic velar consonants that occurred after the first and before the third Slavic palatalizations.

Old East Slavic
Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages. Ruthenian eventually evolved into the Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian languages.
Cabinet of Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela took the oath as President of South Africa on 10 May 1994 and announced a Government of National Unity on 11 May 1994. The cabinet included members of Mandela's African National Congress, the National Party and Inkatha Freedom Party, as Clause 88 of the Interim Constitution of South Africa required that all parties winning more than 20 seats in National Assembly should be given representation in the cabinet. Upon its formation it comprised 27 ministers, with a further 13 deputy ministers.

Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs
The minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs is the minister in the Cabinet of South Africa who is responsible for the Department of Cooperative Governance and the Department of Traditional Affairs.

The office was called the minister of provincial and local government from June 1999 until May 2009, when the minister assumed responsibility for traditional leadership institutions. Before June 1999, the office was the minister of constitutional development and provincial affairs. In his first cabinet, President Thabo Mbeki transferred responsibility for the portfolio of constitutional development to the minister of justice and constitutional development, where it remained thereafter.
Pi (state)
Pi (Chinese: 邳; pinyin: Pī) was a Zhou dynasty (1045–256 BCE) vassal state in ancient China. Also known as Xue (Chinese: 薛), Pi was ruled by members of the Ren (任) family.

Its progenitor Xi Zhong (奚仲), had been the Minister of Chariots (车正) for Yu the Great during the Xia dynasty (c. 2070 BC – 1600 BCE) who was given land at the confluence of the Dan (丹水) and Yi Rivers (沂水) in the southern part of modern-day Shandong.

During the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BCE), the State of Pi shares a border with the State of Song to the east and the State of Tan (郯国) to the north.

Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (Chinese: 西周; pinyin: Xīzhōu; c. 1046 – 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended in 771 BC when Quanrong pastoralists sacked the Zhou capital at Haojing and killed King You of Zhou. The "Western" label for the period refers to the location of the Zhou royal capitals, which were clustered in the Wei River valley near present-day Xi'an.

The early Zhou state was ascendant for about 75 years; thereafter, it gradually lost power. The former lands of the Shang were divided into hereditary fiefs that became increasingly independent of the Zhou king over time. The Zhou court was driven out of the Wei River valley in 771 BC: this marked the beginning of the Eastern Zhou period, wherein political power was wielded in actuality by the king's nominal vassals.
Freedom of religion in Myanmar
Myanmar has been under the rule of repressive authoritarian military regimes since 1962. After the 1974 Socialist constitution was suspended in 1988, constitutional protection of religious freedom has not existed, after the bloody suppression of the 8888 Uprising. The authorities generally permitted most adherents of registered religious groups to worship as they choose; however, the government imposed restrictions on certain religious activities and is accused of abusing the right to freedom of religion.

Magway Region
Magway Region (Burmese: မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [məɡwé táiɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Magway Division) is an administrative division in central Myanmar. It is the second largest of Myanmar's seven divisions, with an area of 44,820 km2 (17,306 square miles). Pa-de Dam (ပဒဲဆည်) is one of the dams in Aunglan Township, Magway Region. The capital and second largest city of the Magway Region is Magway. The largest city is Pakokku. The major cities of Magway Region are Magway, Pakokku, Aunglan, Yenangyaung, Taungdwingyi, Chauk, Minbu, Thayet and Gangaw.
Bank of Ville Platte
The Bank of Ville Platte, also known as La Banc de la Ville Platte, is a historic bank building located at 102 West Main Street in Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana.

Built in 1907, it is a one-story masonry building prominent on a corner of two main streets in Ville Platte, which became the parish seat when Evangeline Parish separated from St. Landry Parish in 1910.  It is designed to face with presentable facades onto both streets.  It has Italianate treatments at its windows and doorways.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 12, 2005.

Ville Platte, Louisiana
Ville Platte is the largest city in, and the parish seat of, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 6,303 at the 2020 census, down from 8,145 in 2000. The city's name is of French origin, roughly translating to "flat town", in reference to its relatively flat topography in contrast to the more hilly terrain north of the area.
Sonari, Jamshedpur
Sonari is the largest residential area in the city of Jamshedpur, which is also served by Sonari Airport (IATA: IXW, ICAO: VEJS). Domuhani bridge in Marine Drive connects Sonari with NH-33. The area is easily accessible through Marine Drive (Western Corridor) from Adityapur, Kadma, which also connects it with the Northern towns of Sakchi and Bistupur. The major roads such as Rivers Meet Road (a stretch of road from CH Area Circle to Domuhani), Balichela Road (a road running between the Sonari Town connects Balichela Junction to Kagal Nagar), and Dispensary Road (a city road running through Balichela).

National Highway 118 (India)
National Highway 118 is a national highway of India. It used to connect Asanboni and Jamshedpur in the state of Jharkhand. At 17 km (11 mi) length, it was one of the shortest national highways in India. Before renumbering of national highways, route of NH-118 was part of old national highway 32. It is a spur road of National Highway 18. But post 2021, the route is extended to Chawlibasa on NH43 connecting Jamshedpur with Adityapur, Kandra, Chowka & Dulmi Ghat. Jamshedpur/Tatanagar vehicles now use this Adityapur, Kandra, Chowka, Dulmi Ghat, Chawlibasa route to travel Ranchi due to development works undergoing at Chandil Gol chakkar area.
Agris
Agris (French pronunciation: [aɡʁi]; Occitan: Agrís) is a commune in the Charente department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Agritois or Agritoises, alternatively Agritauds or Agritaudes

La Rochette, Charente
La Rochette (French pronunciation: [la ʁɔʃɛt] ⓘ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

In 2016, an ancient hunter-gatherer that was excavated at La Rochette was found to carry the mtDNA haplogroup M. The Late Pleistocene specimen was dated to 28,000 years ago.
Romanivka, Bereznehuvate settlement hromada, Bashtanka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast
Romanivka (Ukrainian: Рома́нівка Russian: Романовка) is a village in Ukraine. It is part of Bashtanka Raion of Mykolaiv Oblast. It belongs to Bereznehuvate settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Romanivka belonged to Bereznehuvate Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four. The area of Bereznehuvate Raion was merged into Bashtanka Raion.

Bereznehuvate settlement hromada
Bereznehuvate settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Березнегуватська селищна громада) is a hromada (territorial community) in Ukraine, in Bashtanka Raion of Mykolaiv Oblast. The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Bereznehuvate. Population: 18,734 (2022 estimate).

From its inception until 18 July 2020, Bereznehuvate settlement hromada was located in the Bereznehuvate Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four.
Margate Lifeboat Station
Margate Lifeboat Station is located on The Rendezvous, in Margate, a seaside town on the Isle of Thanet peninsula, the north eastern corner of the English county of Kent.

A lifeboat was first placed at Margate in 1857, operated by the town council. Management of the station was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) station in 1860.

The station currently operates two Inshore lifeboats, a B-class (Atlantic 85), Colonel Stock (B-930), on station since 2022, and the smaller D-class (IB1) Alfred Alexander Staden (D-841), on station since 2019.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Candidates Tournament 2013
The 2013 Candidates Tournament was an eight-player chess double round-robin tournament that took place in the Institution of Engineering and Technology, Savoy Place, London, from 15 March to 1 April 2013.

This was the first time in 51 years that the round-robin format had been used for a Candidates, though it had been used for the 2005 (FIDE) and 2007 world championships.

The tournament was won by Magnus Carlsen, on tiebreak ahead of Vladimir Kramnik, after a dramatic final round in which they both lost.

Institution of Engineering and Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution. The IET was formed in 2006 from two separate institutions: the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), dating back to 1871, and the Institute of Incorporated Engineers (IIE), dating back to 1884. Its worldwide membership is currently in excess of 156,000 in 148 countries. The IET's main offices are in Savoy Place in London, England, and at Futures Place in Stevenage, England.

In the United Kingdom, the IET has the authority to establish professional registration for the titles of Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Engineering Technician, and ICT Technician, as a licensed member institution of the Engineering Council.

The IET is registered as a charity in England, Wales and Scotland.
Light Rail Transit Authority
The Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) is a public transport operator that is responsible for the construction, operation, maintenance and/or lease of Manila Light Rail Transit System in the Philippines. It is organized as a government-owned and controlled corporation under the Department of Transportation (DOTr) as an attached agency.

Department of Finance (Philippines)
The Department of Finance (DOF; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Pananalapi) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the formulation, institutionalization and administration of fiscal policies, management of the financial resources of the government, supervision of the revenue operations of all local government units, the review, approval and management of all public sector debt, and the rationalization, privatization and public accountability of corporations and assets owned, controlled or acquired by the government.
Erik Solér
Erik Francisco Solér (born 6 August 1960) is a Norwegian former professional footballer, a former football agent, and former General Manager and Sporting Director of New York Red Bulls as well as a football commentator for Champions League and national team games on Norwegian TV on a part-time basis. He is educated as a psychologist.

1989 Norwegian First Division
The 1989 1. divisjon was the 45th completed season of top division football in Norway. The season began on 30 April 1989, and ended on 8 October 1989.

22 games were played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number eleven and twelve were relegated. The winners of the two groups of the 2. divisjon were promoted, as well as the winner of a series of play-off matches between the two second placed teams in the two groups of the 2. divisjon and number ten in the 1. divisjon.

This was the last season the top flight of Norwegian football would be called the 1. divisjon. The following year, the league changed its name to Tippeligaen, from its sponsor, Norsk Tipping.
Garga (sage)
Garga (Sanskrit: गर्ग, romanized: Garga) was an ancient Indian sage who composed a Rigveda hymn. He is also known as Garga Bhāradvāja ("Garga, the descendant of Bharadvaja") to distinguish him from other people of same name.

Rishi
In Indian religions, a rishi (Sanskrit: ऋषि IAST: ṛṣi) is an accomplished and enlightened person. They find mention in various Vedic texts. Rishis are believed to have composed hymns of the Vedas. The Post-Vedic tradition of Hinduism regards the rishis as "great yogis" or "sages" who after intense meditation (tapas) realized the supreme truth and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns. The term appears in Pali literature as Isi; in Buddhism they can be either Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, Arahats or a monk of high rank.
Port City Makerspace
Port City Makerspace is a makerspace in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It has been running since 2012, when it was first founded by a group of three graduates from Green Mountain College. Today it is a non-profit with 8,000 square feet (740 m2) of space dedicated to wood-working, welding, electronics work, textile arts, and automotive and bicycle repair. Port City Makerspace also hosts classes in topics such as laser cutting, machine embroidery, 3D-printing, woodworking, wood turning, and sewing.

Hackerspace
A hackerspace (also referred to as a hacklab, hackspace, or makerspace) is a community-operated, often "not for profit" (501(c)(3) in the United States), workspace where people with common interests, such as computers, machining, technology, science, digital art, or electronic art, can meet, socialize, and collaborate. Hackerspaces are comparable to other community-operated spaces with similar aims and mechanisms such as Fab Lab, men's sheds, and commercial "for-profit" companies.
PEG-PVA
Polyethylene glycol–polyvinyl alcohol (PEG-PVA) brand name Kollicoat IR (BASF) is a  multifunctional excipient used as a pill binder as well as a wet binder. A typical formulation is composed of 25% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 75% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); where the vinyl alcohol moieties are grafted on a polyethylene glycol backbone.

Excipient
An excipient or inactive ingredient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication. They enhance the active ingredient's therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption, to modify viscosity, to enhance solubility, to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation during the expected shelf life). During the manufacturing process, excipients can improve the handling of active substances and facilitate powder flow. The choice of excipients depends on factors such as the intended route of administration, the dosage form, and compatibility with the active ingredient.

Virtually all marketed drugs contain excipients, and final drug formulations commonly contain more excipient than active ingredient.  Pharmaceutical regulations and standards mandate the identification and safety assessment of all ingredients in drugs, including their chemical decomposition products.
Peretz Square
Peretz Square is a public park in Lower Manhattan, New York City, which marks the spot where Houston Street, First Avenue, and First Street meet. Peretz Square marks the spot where the smaller grid of the Lower East Side meets the grand regularity of the Commissioners' Plan street grid of 1811.

The surrounding neighborhood was largely populated by Jewish immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was named after the Polish Yiddish language author and playwright Isaac Leib Peretz (1852-1915). The square was dedicated on November 23, 1952. Peretz played a major role in the early development of both Yiddish and Hebrew literature, and was particularly beloved for his simultaneous appreciation of both traditional Judaism and socialist doctrine.

First Avenue (Manhattan)
First Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from Houston Street northbound to 127th Street. At 125th Street, most traffic continues onto the Willis Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River, which continues into the Bronx. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Allen Street south to Division Street. Traffic on First Avenue runs northbound (uptown) only.
2015 AFC Asian Cup Group D
Group D of the 2015 AFC Asian Cup was one of four groups of nations competing at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. The group's first round of matches were played on 12 January, the second round on 16 January, and the final round on 20 January. All six group matches were played at venues in Australia. The group consisted of title holders Japan, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine. Japan and Iraq advanced as group winners and runners-up respectively, while Jordan and Palestine were eliminated.

2014 AFC Challenge Cup
The 2014 AFC Challenge Cup was the fifth and the final edition of the AFC Challenge Cup, an international football competition for Asian Football Confederation (AFC) member nations that are mainly categorized as "emerging countries" in the now defunct Vision Asia programme. It took place in the Maldives from 19 to 30 May 2014. The champions, Palestine, qualified to the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

Palestine were crowned the victors after winning the final against the Philippines 1–0 after Ashraf Nu'man scored a free kick in the 59th minute. Palestine won the title with a perfect sweep of individual awards. This includes Murad Ismail as the best player, Ramzi Saleh as the best goalkeeper, and Ashraf Nu'man as the top scorer.
Niels Bukh
Niels Ebbesen Mortensen Bukh (15 June 1880 – 7 July 1950) was a Danish gymnast and educator who founded the first athletic folk high school in Ollerup in Funen, Denmark.  He achieved international fame as a gymnastics trainer for the Danish team at the Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912. He was inspired by the rhythmic female gymnastics of the Finnish gymnastics educator Elli Björkstén(1870–1947) and the medical gymnastics of Kaare Theilmann.

Elli Björkstén
Kristina Elisabeth (Elli) Björkstén (16 October 1870 – 6 March 1947) was a Finnish gymnastics coach and theorist. Björkstén was the first coach in the Nordic countries to separate from the usual military gymnastics. She also served as the inaugural president of the Scandinavian Association for Women Gymnastics, however disliked competitive sports.
IAPM Mall
IAPM Mall, or iAPM Mall, (Chinese: 环贸iapm商场) is a shopping mall located at 999 Huaihai Road in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.

This upscale mall houses big-name boutiques on the first two floors, including Prada, Gucci, Miu Miu and Dolce & Gabbana, Stella McCartney, Alexander McQueen, Alexander Wang, Chloé, Maje, Balmain and Michael Kors.

Younger brands like Zadig & Voltaire, Marimekko, Fedon and Muji occupy the third floor and the fourth floor is for sports brands like Nike, Aigle, and Onitsuka Tiger.

The mall is complete with restaurants, cafes and cinemas.

Xuhui, Shanghai
Xuhui District is a core urban district of Shanghai. It has a land area of 54.76 km2 (21.14 sq mi) and a population of 1,113,078 as of 2020. Xuhui District has 12 subdistricts and two townships.

The Xuhui District is named after its namesake, the historic area of Xujiahui. Xujiahui was historically land owned by Ming dynasty bureaucrat and scientist Xu Guangqi, and later donated to the Roman Catholic Church. It and Luwan District jointly formed the core of Catholic Shanghai, centered in the former French Concession of Shanghai. Vestiges of the French influence can still be seen in the St. Ignatius Cathedral of Shanghai, Xuhui College, the Xujiahui Observatory, and some remaining boulevards and French-style districts.

Xujiahui itself has been redeveloped as a financial center, with a proliferation of large-scale shopping centers and department stores, and is now a major shopping destination in the city with shopping malls such as Grand Gateway Shanghai and Pacific Sogo.