hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Port Hudson
The siege of Port Hudson (May 22 – July 9, 1863) was the final engagement in the Union campaign to recapture the Mississippi River in the American Civil War. While Union General Ulysses Grant was besieging Vicksburg upriver, General Nathaniel Banks was ordered to capture the lower Mississippi Confederate stronghold of Port Hudson, Louisiana, then to go to Grant's aid. When his assault failed, Banks settled into a 48-day siege, the longest in US military history up to that point. A second attack also failed, and it was only after the fall of Vicksburg that the Confederate commander, General Franklin Gardner, surrendered the port. The Union gained control of the river and navigation from the Gulf of Mexico through the Deep South and to the river's upper reaches.

Dahlgren gun
Dahlgren guns were muzzle-loading naval guns designed by United States Navy Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren (November 13, 1809 – July 12, 1870), mostly used in the American Civil War. Dahlgren's design philosophy evolved from an accidental explosion in 1849 of a 32 lb (14.5 kg) gun being tested for accuracy, killing a gunner. He believed a safer, more powerful naval cannon could be designed using more scientific design criteria. Dahlgren guns were designed with a smooth curved shape, equalizing strain and concentrating more weight of metal in the gun breech where the greatest pressure of expanding propellant gases needed to be met to keep the gun from bursting. Because of their rounded contours, Dahlgren guns were nicknamed "soda bottles", a shape which became their most identifiable characteristic.: 203
Jacoby Ford
Jacoby Ford (born July 27, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver and return specialist. He was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL draft. He was also an accomplished track and field athlete. He played college football as a wide receiver and return specialist for the Clemson Tigers at Clemson University, where he competed in sprinting events. During his stint in the NFL, Ford was widely regarded as one of the fastest players in the league. He has one of the top 100 meter times by NFL players.

Ford has been the WR coach at West Boca Raton High School since 2023. Previously, he was a WR coach at Cardinal Newman, where he attended as a high schooler.

Ford received the 2022 Palm Beach County Legends Award and was inducted into the Palm Beach County Sports Hall of Fame in 2024.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Minchau, Edmonton
Minchau is a residential neighbourhood in the Mill Woods area of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  It is named for August Minchau, one of the first settlers on the land. Poland-born, Minchau moved as a young person to Volhynia, Russia where he married. He and his wife Caroline emigrated to Canada in 1894, settling in what is now Millwoods and spawning a network of families of that name resident in Edmonton.

The land was once set aside for a reserve for the Papaschase band, but the reserve was controversially disbanded around 1891. The land's next landowners and farmers included Strathcona businessman H.F. Sandeman, John Donnan and August Schatz.

The community is represented by the Ridgewood Community League, established in 1982, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located at Mill Woods Road East and 37 Avenue.

Mill Woods
Mill Woods  is a residential area in the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Located in southeast Edmonton, Mill Woods is bounded by Whitemud Drive (Highway 14) to the north, 91 Street to the west, 34 Street to the east, and Anthony Henday Drive (Highway 216) to the south.  Mill Woods is adjacent to three other residential areas including The Meadows to the east across 34 Street, and Southeast Edmonton and Ellerslie to the south and southwest respectively across Anthony Henday Drive.

The development of Mill Woods began in the early 1970s and was one of the first areas of Edmonton to move away from the grid system, a conventional subdivision process which produced relatively large lots. Mill Woods was deemed an experimental housing project because it was informed by zero lot-line or small-lot housing, a form of housing that is similarly found in older areas of larger cities and focused on urban growth.
Dubitative mood (Eskimo)
In Eskaleut languages, the dubitative mood (abbreviated DUB) is a verb form used for dependent adverbial clauses with the meaning 'whether'. The following example is from North Alaskan Inupiaq:

Due to the broader meaning of the term mood in the context of Eskimo grammar, the dubitative can be considered outside of the proper scope of grammatical mood. Also, its meaning is not related to that of the dubitative moods of non-Eskimo languages.

Dubitative mood
Dubitative mood (abbreviated DUB) is an epistemic grammatical mood found in some languages, that indicates that the statement is dubious, doubtful, or uncertain. It may subsist as a separate morphological category, as in Bulgarian, or else as a category of use of another form, as of the conditional mood of Italian or French:

Il a été amené à l'hôpital. "He was taken to hospital."

Il aurait été amené à l'hôpital. "He was apparently/He is said to have been/We believe he was/The information we have is that he was taken to hospital."

An example can be taken from Ojibwe, an Algonquian language of North America. Verbs in Ojibwe can be marked with a dubitative suffix, indicating that the speaker is doubtful or uncertain about what they are saying.

aakozi "he is sick"

aakozidog "he must be sick; I guess he's sick; maybe he's sick; he might be sick."
Ohara Koson
Ohara Koson (also Ohara Hōson, Ohara Shōson) (Kanazawa 1877 – Tokyo 1945) was a Japanese painter and woodblock print designer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, at the forefront of shinsaku-hanga and shin-hanga art movements.

Ohara Koson was famous as a master of kachō-e (bird-and-flower) designs. Throughout a prolific career, in which he created around 500 prints, he went by three different titles: Ohara Hōson (小原豊邨), Ohara Shōson (小原祥邨) and Ohara Koson.

Woodblock printing in Japan
Woodblock printing in Japan (木版画, mokuhanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e artistic genre, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Invented in China during the Tang dynasty, woodblock printing was widely adopted in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1868). It is similar to woodcut in Western printmaking in some regards, but was widely used for text as well as images. The Japanese mokuhanga technique differs in that it uses water-based inks—as opposed to Western woodcut, which typically uses oil-based inks. Japanese water-based inks provide a wide range of vivid colors, glazes, and transparency.
Mount Stadler
Mount Stadler (66°55′S 53°14′E﻿ / ﻿66.917°S 53.233°E﻿ / -66.917; 53.233) is a mountain 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) southeast of Mount Cordwell and 23 nautical miles (43 km) south-southwest of Stor Hanakken Mountain in Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1957 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for S. Stadler, a weather observer at Wilkes Station in 1961.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Stadler". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mount Cordwell
Mount Cordwell (66°52′S 53°9′E﻿ / ﻿66.867°S 53.150°E﻿ / -66.867; 53.150) is a mountain 2 nautical miles (4 km) east of the Burch Peaks and 21 nautical miles (39 km) south-southwest of Stor Hanakken Mountain in Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1957, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for T.S. Cordwell, a radio officer at Wilkes Station in 1961.
Office of Martial Arts Guards
The Office of Martial Arts Guards (Korean: 무예별감; Hanja: 武藝別監) was a division of the Military Training Command, who served as guards for King Seonjo during the Imjin War. It was an organization composed of skilled martial artists who were responsible for guarding the five grand palaces and providing close protection to the king. The officers belonging to the office were specially referred to as Martial Arts Special Guards (무예별감) or simply Martial Guards (무감; 武監). It was also known as the military officials (무관; 武官; mugwan).

Sunjo of Joseon
Sunjo (Korean: 순조; Hanja: 純祖; 29 July 1790 – 13 December 1834), personal name Yi Gong (이공; 李玜), was a Korean royal who was the 23rd monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Jeongjo by his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Su of the Bannam Park clan. His reign saw oppression against Catholics and his failed attempts at reforms which resulted in riots, notably by Hong Gyeong-nae in 1811.
1996 Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The 1996 Patriot League men's basketball tournament was played at Hart Center in Worcester, Massachusetts and Cotterell Court in Hamilton, New York after the conclusion of the 1995–96 regular season. Colgate defeated #3 seed Holy Cross, 74–65 in the championship game, to win its second Patriot League Tournament title. The Raiders earned an automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA tournament as #16 seed in the Southeast region.

1995–96 Colgate Red Raiders men's basketball team
The 1995–96 Colgate Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Colgate University during the 1995–96 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Raiders, led by 7th-year head coach Jack Bruen, played their home games at Cotterell Court in Hamilton, New York as members of the Patriot League. They finished the season 15–15, 9–3 to tie for first place. In the Patriot League tournament, they defeated Bucknell and Holy Cross to win the Patriot League tournament. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. Playing as No. 16 seed in the Southeast region, the Raiders played a tough game in the opening round against No. 1 seed Connecticut, 68–59.
2017 Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship
The 2017 Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship was the second edition of the Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship. The tournament took place in Río Grande, Puerto Rico from 30 March to 3 April. It acts as the North American and Caribbean qualifying tournament for the 2017 Pan American Women's Handball Championship.

2017 Pan American Women's Handball Championship
The 2017 Pan American Women's Handball Championship was the 14th edition of the Pan American Women's Handball Championship, held in at the Sociedad Alemana de Gimnasia de Villa Ballester, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina from 18 to 25 June 2017. It acted as American qualifying tournament for the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
The event was originally set to be held in Toronto, Canada but the Canadian Handball Federation withdrew, citing lack of funds.

Brazil defeated Argentina 38–20 to capture their 10th title.
Jiří Rusnok
Jiří Rusnok (born 16 October 1960) is a Czech politician and economist who served as the prime minister of the Czech Republic between June 2013 and January 2014. From 2016 to 2022 he served as the governor of the Czech National Bank.

Previously, Rusnok served in the government of the Czech Republic as minister of Finance from 2001 to 2002 and as minister of Industry and Trade from 2002 to 2003. On 25 June 2013, he was appointed as the prime minister by President Miloš Zeman. Rusnok replaced Petr Nečas, who resigned over a corruption and spying affair.

On 25 May 2016, President Miloš Zeman appointed Rusnok as fourth governor of the Czech National Bank, succeeding Miroslav Singer. Rusnok took office on 1 July 2016. His second term ended on 30 June 2022, and from 1 July 2022 he was replaced by Aleš Michl.

Finance Minister of the Czech Republic
The Finance Minister of the Czech Republic is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic which is concerned with financial and monetary matters.

The Finance Minister is a member of Prime Minister's Cabinet and is allowed to attend meetings of the National Security Council of the Czech Republic.

The current Finance Minister of the Czech Republic is Zbyněk Stanjura, in office since 17 December 2021.
Middelburg, South Holland
Middelburg is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located about 2 km east of Waddinxveen, in the former municipality of Reeuwijk.

The statistical area "Middelburg", which also includes parts of the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 260.

Middelburg was a separate municipality from 1817 to 1855, when it became part of Reeuwijk.

Waddinxveen
Waddinxveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɑdɪŋksˈfeːn] ⓘ) is a town and municipality along the Gouwe river in the western Netherlands in the province of South Holland near Gouda. The municipality had a population of 30,479 in 2021 and covers an area of 29.40 km2 (11.35 sq mi) of which 1.63 km2 (0.63 sq mi) is water.

A small piece of artwork named De Vergeten Plek (Dutch for 'The Forgotten Place') marks the lowest point on the Dutch polders, 7.01 meters below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Panchanand Pathak
Panchanand Pathak (P.N. Pathak) is an Indian politician and a member of 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly of Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Kushinagar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the formal regional vice president of Gorakhpur area.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Santa Margherita Ligure
Santa Margherita Ligure (Italian: [ˈsanta marɡeˈriːta ˈliːɡure]; Ligurian: Santa Margàita [ˈsaŋta maɾˈɡajta]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region of Liguria, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Genoa, in the area traditionally known as Tigullio. It has a port, used for both tourism and fishing activities. Part of comune territory is included in the Regional Natural Park of Portofino. Santa Margherita Ligure borders the municipalities of  Camogli, Portofino, and Rapallo.

Camogli
Camogli (Italian: [kaˈmoʎʎi, -ˈmɔʎʎi]; Genoese: Camoggi [kaˈmudːʒi]) is a fishing village and tourist resort located on the west side of the peninsula of Portofino, on the Golfo Paradiso in the Riviera di Levante, in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, Liguria, northern Italy. As of 30 April 2017 its population was 5,332. Camogli is one of the largest areas of the Parco Naturale Regionale di Portofino, and a part of the Portofino Marine Protected Area.
Woolwich East (electoral division)
Woolwich East was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Cloth hall
A cloth hall or linen hall (German: Gewandhaus; Polish: Sukiennice; French: Halle aux draps; Dutch: Lakenhal) is a historic building located in the centre of the main marketplace of a European town. Cloth halls were built from medieval times into the 18th century.

A cloth hall contained trading stalls for the sale, particularly, of cloth but also of leather, wax, salt, and exotic imports such as silks and spices.

Halifax, West Yorkshire
Halifax is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. In the 15th century, the town became an economic hub of the old West Riding of Yorkshire, primarily in woollen manufacture with the large Piece Hall square later built for trading wool in the town centre. The town was a thriving mill town during the Industrial Revolution with the Dean Clough Mill buildings a surviving landmark. In the 2021 census, the town was recorded as having a population of 88,134. It is also the administrative centre of the Calderdale Metropolitan Borough.
9165 Raup
9165 Raup, provisional designation 1987 SJ3, is a stony Hungaria asteroid and exceptionally slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.7 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 27 September 1987, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California. The asteroid was later named after American paleontologist David M. Raup.

Eugene Merle Shoemaker
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy. This comet hit Jupiter in July 1994: the impact was televised around the world. Shoemaker also studied terrestrial craters, such as Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, and along with Edward Chao provided the first conclusive evidence of its origin as an impact crater. He was also the first director of the United States Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program.

He was killed in a car accident while visiting an impact crater site in Australia. After his death, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.
Barqulong-e Bajuli
Barqulong-e Bajuli (Persian: برقولنگ باجولي, also Romanized as Barqūlong-e Bājūlī; also known as Bardqolong and Barqolong) is a village in Sepidar Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 14 families.

Sepidar Rural District (Boyer-Ahmad County)
Sepidar Rural District (Persian: دهستان سپيدار) is in Sepidar District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Pazanan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sepidar, now a city.
David L. Soltz
David Lee Soltz is an American environmental biologist and the 18th President of Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania.

Soltz studied as an undergraduate at University of California, Berkeley, and received his PhD in biology in 1974 from the University of California, Los Angeles, with a doctoral dissertation on variation in the life history and social organization of Nevada pupfish populations. After receiving his PhD, he joined the faculty of California State University at Los Angeles, eventually serving as Dean of its College of Natural and Social Sciences. He then served as Provost and senior vice president for academic affairs at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington from 2001 to 2007. In November 2007, he was appointed President of Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania and took up his post in January 2008.

Central Washington University
Central Washington University (CWU) is a public university in Ellensburg, Washington, United States.

Founded in 1891, the university consists of four divisions: the President's Division, Business and Financial Affairs, Operations, and Academic and Student Life (ASL). Within ASL are four colleges: the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Business (Ellensburg campus and University Centers in the Puget Sound and central regions), the College of Education and Professional Studies, and College of the Sciences. CWU is considered an emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and 15 percent of its students are Hispanic.
Riigikogu electoral district no. 10 (1992–1995)
Electoral district no. 10 (Estonian: Valimisringkond nr 10) was one of the multi-member electoral districts of the Riigikogu, the national legislature of Estonia. The district was established in 1992 when the Riigikogu was re-established following Estonia's independence from the Soviet Union. It was abolished in 1995. It was conterminous with the county of Tartu.

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
New Zealand bank account number
New Zealand bank account numbers in NZD follow a standardised format of 16 digits:

a prefix representing the bank and branch (six digits), otherwise known as the Bank code;

the body (seven digits); and

the suffix representing the product/account type (two or three digits).

While the New Zealand format is similar to Australia's Bank State Branch, the two systems are not interchangeable.

New Zealand bank account numbers in foreign currencies vary by bank.

Databank Systems
Databank Systems Limited was the name of a not-for-profit "off balance sheet" company set up by a consortium of competing banks in New Zealand, to operate on what is nowadays termed a "Shared services Agency" basis, to provide computing resources (development and operational) for the consortium members. The company was set up in 1967, and in 12 years grew to be the largest non-Government data processing organisation in the Southern Hemisphere, servicing more than 1,200 banking offices.
SMS Turul
SMS Turul was one of the dozen Huszár-class destroyers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1908, she served in World War I and was ceded to Italy as war reparations in 1920. The ship was scrapped shortly afterwards.

Huszár-class destroyer
The Huszár class was a class of destroyers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy before the First World War. They were built to a design by the British shipbuilder Yarrow Shipbuilders, who built the first ship, with a further 11 ships being built in Austrian and Hungarian yards between 1905 and 1909. A replacement ship was built when the lead ship was lost in an accident in 1908, and another ship of similar design building for the Chinese navy was seized on the outbreak of the First World War. Two ships were lost during the war, a single ship serving with the Greek Navy following the end of the war, and the remainder being scrapped.