hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George A. Marden
George Augustus Marden (August 9, 1839 – December 19, 1906) was an American journalist, attorney and politician who served as Massachusetts Treasurer and as assistant treasurer of the United States for the Boston subtreasury.

Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts
The treasurer and receiver-general of Massachusetts is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Originally appointed under authority of the English Crown pursuant to the Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company, the office of treasurer and receiver-general (commonly called the "state treasurer") became an elective one in 1780. Sixty-one individuals have occupied the office of state treasurer over the ensuing centuries. The incumbent is Deb Goldberg, a Democrat who took office January 21, 2015.
Cerro Petaca
Cerro Petaca is a large forested ridge in Amazonas state, Venezuela. It lies just west of the two high plateaus of Cerro Marahuaca and northeast of the massive Cerro Duida. The ridge reaches a height of at least 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) above sea level. Part of the Duida–Marahuaca Massif, it is entirely within the bounds of Duida–Marahuaca National Park.

Duida–Marahuaca National Park
Duida–Marahuaca National Park is a protected area in Amazonas state, Venezuela. It has an area of 210,000 ha, and includes the Duida–Marahuaca Massif.

The national park was established in 1978. It has been included within the Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve, which was designated in 1993.
Bipolar transistor biasing
Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as the steady-state DC collector-emitter voltage () and the collector current () with no input signal applied. Bias circuits for BJTs are discussed in this article.

Operating point
The operating point is a specific point within the operation characteristic of a technical device. This point will be engaged because of the properties of the system and the outside influences and parameters.  In electronic engineering establishing an operating point is called biasing.
Widworthy
Widworthy is a village, parish and former manor in East Devon, Devon, England. The village is 3 1/2 miles east of Honiton and the parish is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Stockland (a short boundary only), Dalwood, Shute, Colyton, Northleigh, and Offwell. The parish church is dedicated to St Cuthbert. Near the church is Widworthy Barton, the former manor house, which is largely unaltered from its early 17th century form. Widworthy Court is a mansion within the parish built in 1830 by Sir Edward Marwood-Elton to the design of G.S. Repton. In 2011 the parish had a population of 296.

East Devon
50°40′44″N 3°14′20″W﻿ / ﻿50.679°N 3.239°W﻿ / 50.679; -3.239

East Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Honiton, although Exmouth is the largest town. The district also contains the towns of Axminster, Budleigh Salterton, Cranbrook, Ottery St Mary, Seaton and Sidmouth, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Teignbridge and the City of Exeter to the west, Mid Devon to the north, Somerset to the north-east, and Dorset to the east.

Two parts of the district are designated as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: the Blackdown Hills in the north of the district and the East Devon AONB along the district's coast and adjoining areas. The East Devon coastline from Exmouth to the border with Dorset is also part of the designated World Heritage Site of the Jurassic Coast; the designated area continues into Dorset as far as the Old Harry Rocks near Swanage.
Monmouth Police Station
The Monmouth Police Station is a Grade II listed building in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located in Glendower Street, within the medieval town walls. In March 2012, it was announced that the Monmouth Police Station was one of seventeen police stations in South East Wales that would no longer be open to the public.

Monmouth town walls and defences
The Monmouth town walls and defences comprise the defensive system of town walls and gates built in Monmouth, Wales between 1297 and the early part of the following century. Wye Bridge Gate, East Gate (Dixton Gate), Monk's Gate, and Monnow Bridge Gate were access points to the town. West Gate, across Monnow Street, also provided access. Only the Monnow Bridge Gatehouse survives intact, albeit in a substantially modified version from the original.
Nicholas Williamson
Nicholas Williamson was an English lawyer and Catholic recusant in the 1590s. He was arrested in 1595 after planning a visit to the court of James VI of Scotland. The Jesuit William Crichton had hoped that Williamson would encourage the ambition of James VI for the throne of England.

Sawley, Derbyshire
Sawley is a village and civil parish within the Borough of Erewash, in southeast Derbyshire, England. With a slightly higher than average number of people over 65, the population of just the civil parish was measured at 6,629 as at the 2011 Census.

Every year around the August Bank Holiday, Sawley All Saints holds a flower festival, with themed floral displays inside the church and a beer festival held in the village. There are several events throughout the year including a May Day festival, and a Garden Trail.

Sawley Marina is one of the most prominent features of the village, with access to the region's main waterways.
Saeukkang
Saeukkang (Korean: 새우깡; also called Shrimp Cracker) is a South Korean snack produced by South Korean company Nongshim since 1971. Around 90g of prawn crackers (around 4-5 sheets) are packaged in parchment paper.

Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS; Korean: 식품의약품안전처), formerly known as the Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA; 식품의약품안전청), is a government agency responsible for promoting public health by ensuring the safety and effectiveness of foods, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and cosmetics as well as supporting the food and pharmaceutical industry in South Korea. The main goal is to offer people safe foods and drugs.

The headquarters are located in the Osong Health Technology Administration Complex in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province.

MFDS is a regulatory member of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH).
Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board
The Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board is one of the 21 local boards of the Auckland Council. It is overseen by the Manukau ward councillors.

The local board area includes the suburbs of Ōtara, Papatoetoe, East Tāmaki, Puhinui and central Manukau.

East Tāmaki
East Tāmaki is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is a largely industrial area adjacent to a rapidly growing population. Prior to the 1960s it was largely a dairy farming area. A landmark is Smales Mountain which in 2010 had the remains of an old Pā, a stone field garden, an early church, and a farm homestead. A newer landmark is the Fo Guang Shan Temple which was the largest Buddhist temple in New Zealand when it opened in 2007.
2015 UCI Road World Championships – Women's junior road race
The Women's junior road race of the 2015 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around Richmond, Virginia, United States on September 25, 2015. The course of the race was 64.8 km (40.3 mi) with the start and finish in Richmond.

As they did in the time trial event, American duo Chloé Dygert and Emma White finished with the gold and silver medals respectively. Dygert won the race by 83 seconds over White, to become the first rider since Nicole Cooke in 2001 to win both junior titles in the same year. The podium was completed by Poland's Agnieszka Skalniak, a further five seconds in arrears.

2015 UCI Road World Championships
The 2015 UCI Road World Championships took place in Richmond, Virginia, United States from September 19–27, 2015. It was the 88th Road World Championships. Peter Sagan won the men's road race and Lizzie Armitstead won the women's road race.
Jazzland Coolangatta
Jazzland Dance Hall, also known as Jazzland Dance Palais, was a dance hall located in Coolangatta, Queensland. The venue was built in 1928 and was used as an entertainment venue throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Though no longer used for dances and social events, the building remains at the western end of McLean Street at the intersection with Griffith Street. The former dance hall is listed on the Gold Coast Local Heritage Register as a rare surviving purpose built ballroom built in Queensland, Australia during the interwar period and in acknowledgement of its role of the social life of the region. It is also recognised in the Coolangatta Local Area Plan for its heritage and character components. In 2002 the building was considered for the Queensland State Heritage Register but was not listed.

Gold Coast Local Heritage Register
The Gold Coast Local Heritage Register is a heritage register containing a list of culturally-significant places within the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Under Section 113 of the Queensland Heritage Act 1992, all local government authorities in Queensland must maintain a local heritage register.
Silas E. Nelsen
Silas Edward Nelsen (July 18, 1894 – September 27, 1987) was an American architect. He worked for the Tacoma, Washington firm of Heath, Gove, and Bell (see Frederick Heath (architect)) for five years until 1917 when he started his own firm. He designed at least 15 churches, 150 residences, and some of the buildings on the University of Puget Sound campus, as well as designs for several libraries. He was also an architect for some commercial buildings.

Nelsen's works include the McCormick Branch Library and the Everell S. Collins Memorial Library at the University of Puget Sound. Nelsen and George Gove are credited as the architects for the Tacoma Mausoleum, which is historic landmark on the National Register of Historic Places.

He was a member of the American Institute of Architects.

Frederick Heath (architect)
Frederick Heath (April 15, 1861 – March 3, 1953) was an American architect responsible for numerous projects in Tacoma, Washington. He worked out of his own office and as a senior partner at architectural firms. He was involved with Spaulding, Russell & Heath (with Ambrose J. Russell), and Heath & Gove (later Heath, Gove & Bell). His work included designs for several historic and notable schools, churches, stadiums, and commercial properties.
Nannienus
Nannienus (also Nannenus, or Naniemus, Nanninus), (c. 350 AD), was a late Roman military commander in the Western Roman Empire.

In 370, as Comes rei militaris under the Emperor Valentinian I he fought the Saxons. In 378, under the Emperor Gratian, together with the comes domesticorum Mallobaudes, he defeated the Lentienses, a group of Alamanni, at the Battle of Argentovaria. It is suggested that at this time he may have been comes utriusque Germaniae, since he was of the same rank as Mallobaudes. It is also conjectured that he was the magister militum Nanninus who served the Emperor Magnus Maximus, defeated the Franks, and served as guardian of Magnus' son Flavius Victor.

Mallobaudes
Mallobaudes or Mellobaudes was a 4th-century Frankish king who also held the Roman title of comes domesticorum. 
In 354 he was a tribunus armaturarum in the Roman army in Gaul, where he served under Silvanus, who usurped power in 355. Mallobaudes tried unsuccessfully to intervene on his behalf. Appointed comes domesticorum by Gratian, he was second-in-command of the army in Gaul in 378 when he defeated the Alemannic tribes under King Priarius at Battle of Argentovaria (near modern Colmar) according to Ammianus Marcellinus. In 380 he killed Macrian, king of the Bucinobantes and Roman ally, who had invaded Frankish territory.
During the usurpation of Maximus, Mallobaudes was killed shortly after the assassination of the emperor Gratian.
Clemente Promontorio
Clemente Promontorio or Clemente di Promontorio was a statesman who was elected the fourteenth Doge of the Republic of Genoa on 15 July 1393, after Pietro Fregoso, who had been elected the day before, had stepped down. Clemente himself was deposed the day after his election by Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo.

Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo
Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo was a statesman who became doge of the Republic of Genoa. He was elected doge on 16 July 1393 after his predecessor was forced to step down after only one day in office. He himself remained in office only two weeks until the exiled Montaldo family returned and Antoniotto di Montaldo was elected as the new doge.
Ferd Crone
Drs. Ferdinandus Johannes Maria Crone (born 19 July 1954) is a Dutch politician. He was born in Dordrecht in 1954. On 15 November 2007 he became Mayor of Leeuwarden. He remained mayor until 26 of August 2019 when he was succeeded by Sybrand van Haersma Buma. As of February 2020 he is a member of the Senate.

He was made a knight of the Order of Orange Nassau on 15 November 2007.

Sybrand van Haersma Buma
Sybrand van Haersma Buma (Dutch: [ˈsibrɑnt fɑn ˈɦaːrsmaː ˈbymaː]; West Frisian: [ˈsibrant fan ˈhɛrsma ˈbyma]; born 30 July 1965) is a Dutch politician who has served as Mayor of Leeuwarden since 2019. Until 2019, he was a member of the House of Representatives from 2002 who also served as the parliamentary leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) from 2010 and as the leader of his party from 2012.
Bartonella vinsonii
Bartonella vinsonii is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus Bartonella which was isolated from dogs. Rochalimaea vinsonii was reclassified to Bartonella vinsonii. B. vinsonii contains three validly published subspecies B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, and B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, and one effectively published B. vinsonii subsp. yucatanensis. B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii has been isolated from voles and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhofli was isolated from a dog with endocarditis. B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii can cause diseases in humans. Those two subspecies are named after J. William Vinson and Herman A. Berkhoff.

Bartonella
Bartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the only genus in the family Bartonellaceae. Bartonella species cause Bartonellosis, which is a group of zoonotic infectious diseases that affects both humans and animals. Common forms include cat-scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) and trench fever (Bartonella quintana). As Facultative intracellular parasites, Bartonella species can infect healthy people, but are considered especially important as opportunistic pathogens. Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as fleas, sand flies, and mosquitoes.

Currently, 12 Bartonella species are known to infect humans. As research continues, more species transmissible to humans from vectors can be discovered. 37 different species and 3 subspecies of Bartonella exist. While 12 species can infect humans, 3 Bartonella pathogens are largely associated with human transmission and infection: B. henselae, B. quintana, and Bartonella bacilliformis.
Douglas Barr (cricketer)
Douglas Barr (born 1 February 1935) is a former Scottish first class cricketer and a member of Cricket Scotland's Hall of Fame.

A fast bowler, Barr once took 10 for 24 when playing with Melville College. His 88 first class wickets for Scotland is second only to Jimmy Allan.

Jimmy Allan (cricketer)
James Moffat Allan (2 April 1932 – 15 April 2005) was a Scottish cricketer. He was an all-rounder who bowled slow left-arm orthodox and batted right-handed and was described by his Wisden obituary as "the best all-rounder Scotland ever produced".

Allan played 39 first-class matches for Scotland between 1954 and 1972 as well as playing first-class cricket for Oxford University, Kent County Cricket Club and Warwickshire County Cricket Club.
Reckless homicide
Reckless homicide is a type of homicide and crime in which the perpetrator was aware that their act (or failure to act when there is a legal duty to act) creates significant risk of death or grievous bodily harm in the victim, but ignores the risk and continues to act (or fail to act), and a human death results. It is contrasted with negligent homicide, in which the perpetrator did not have the awareness of the risk, but should have had it.

Omission (law)
In law, an omission is a failure to act, which generally attracts different legal consequences from positive conduct. In the criminal law, an omission will constitute an actus reus and give rise to liability only when the law imposes a duty to act and the defendant is in breach of that duty. In tort law, similarly, liability will be imposed for an omission only exceptionally, when it can be established that the defendant was under a duty to act or duty of care.
NCIS: Tony & Ziva
NCIS: Tony & Ziva is an American television series on Paramount+, a spin-off of the long-running crime procedural NCIS. The series premiered on September 4, 2025. In December 2025, the series was canceled after one season.

NCIS season 11
The eleventh season of the police procedural drama NCIS premiered on September 24, 2013, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm.

Special Agent Ziva David (Cote de Pablo), departs during the season with her final appearance being in "Past, Present and Future". Also introduced NSA Analyst Eleanor "Ellie" Bishop to become NCIS Probationary Special Agent, loaned to NCIS on Joint Duty Assignment. The episode "Crescent City (Part I)", which aired on March 25, 2014, serves as the first of a two-part backdoor pilot of a second spin off from NCIS called NCIS: New Orleans based in New Orleans.
It Walks By Night
It Walks By Night, first published in 1930, is the first detective novel by John Dickson Carr. It introduced Carr's series detective Henri Bencolin. This novel is a mystery of the type known as a locked-room mystery. It has been compared to "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" by Edgar Allan Poe.

The Murders in the Rue Morgue
"The Murders in the Rue Morgue" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in Graham's Magazine in 1841. It has been described as the first modern detective story; Poe referred to it as one of his "tales of ratiocination".

C. Auguste Dupin is a man in Paris who solves the mystery of the brutal murder of two women. Numerous witnesses heard a suspect, though no one agrees on what language was spoken. At the murder scene, Dupin finds clues suggesting that the killer was not human.

As the first fictional detective, Poe's Dupin displays many traits which became literary conventions in subsequent fictional detectives, including Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot. Many later characters, for example, follow Poe's model of the brilliant detective, his personal friend who serves as narrator, and the final revelation being presented before the reasoning that leads up to it. Dupin himself reappears in "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" and "The Purloined Letter".
Gmina Lelis
Gmina Lelis is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lelis, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Ostrołęka and 114 km (71 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 197 square kilometres (76.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,364 (8,930 in 2011).

Ostrołęka County
Ostrołęka County (Polish: powiat ostrołęcki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Ostrołęka, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Ostrołęka County is Myszyniec, which lies 38 km (24 mi) north of Ostrołęka.

The county covers an area of 2,099.32 square kilometres (810.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 88,717, out of which the population of Myszyniec is 3,408 and the rural population is 85,309.
Yuganets
Yuganets (Russian: Ю́ганец) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Volodarsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,923 (2010 Census); 3,042 (2002 Census); 3,494 (1989 Soviet census).

Volodarsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Volodarsky District (Russian: Волода́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Volodarsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,045.6 square kilometers (403.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Volodarsk. Population: 58,807 (2010 Census); 59,498 (2002 Census). The population of Volodarsk accounts for 16.9% of the district's total population.
Tartu Big Diamonds
The Tartu Big Diamonds were an Estonian professional ice hockey team who played in the Latvian Hockey Higher League (Samsung premjerliga). They were founded in 2007, and played their first game, a friendly match against Eesti Noortekoondis on the 6th of August in 2007 in Narva. the Big Diamonds won the game 20 to 2. The club played 10 of the team's home games in Tartu, 4 in Narva, 4 in Tallinn, and 2 in Kohtla-Järve. They dissolved in the summer of 2008 due to financial problems.

Estonia men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The Estonia men's national under-18 ice hockey team represents Estonia in international under-18 ice hockey competitions and is controlled by the Estonian Ice Hockey Association (Estonian: Eesti Jäähokiliit).
Sallehuddin Damit
Pengiran Sallehuddin bin Pengiran Haji Damit (born 5 November 1973) is a Bruneian former footballer who played as a defender. One of the legends of Bruneian football, he most notably played for the Brunei M-League representative team that won the 1999 Malaysia Cup, which is regarded as Brunei football's greatest achievement. He also played professionally for Brunei DPMM FC for several seasons.

Prior to his marriage in 2001, his given name was Awangku Sallehuddin due to naming rules for descendants of Bruneian royalty.

Brunei Premier League
The Brunei Premier League (Malay: Liga Perdana Brunei) is the second tier of the football pyramid of Brunei. It was Brunei's top-tier football league until 2012, when the Brunei Super League was created. The Premier League falls under the management of the National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam.
Joanne of Nassau-Siegen
Countess Joanne of Nassau-Siegen (1444 – May 1468), German: Joanne Gräfin von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Gräfin zu Nassau, Vianden und Diez, Frau zu Breda, was a countess from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau, and through marriage Countess of Waldeck.

Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743.  From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into  Catholic and  Protestant parts.   Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf.
2002 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2002 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place between January 6 and 13, 2002 in Los Angeles, California. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.

The event determined the U.S. teams for the 2002 Winter Olympics, 2002 World Championships, 2002 Four Continents Championships, and 2002 World Junior Championships.

2002 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2002 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the M-Wave Arena in Nagano, Japan from March 16 to 24, sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.