hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uses and gratifications theory
Uses and gratifications theory is a communication theory that describes the reasons and means by which people seek out media to meet specific needs. The theory postulates that media is a highly available product, that audiences are the consumers of the product, and that audiences choose media to satisfy given needs as well as social and psychological uses, such as knowledge, relaxation, social relationships, and diversion.

Uses and gratifications theory was developed from a number of prior communication theories and research conducted by fellow theorists. The theory has a heuristic value because it gives communication scholars a "perspective through which a number of ideas and theories about media choice, consumption, and even impact can be viewed".

Denis McQuail
Denis McQuail (12 April 1935, London – 25 June 2017) was a British communication theorist, Emeritus Professor at the University of Amsterdam, considered one of the most influential scholars in the field of mass communication studies.
Jewish Peace Fellowship
The Jewish Peace Fellowship is a nonprofit, nondenominational organization set up to provide a Jewish voice in the peace movement.  The organization was founded in 1941 in order to support Jewish conscientious objectors who sought exemption from combatant military service.  The JPF is currently headquartered in Nyack, New York.

The fellowship is a branch member of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation.

The JPF produces literature about peacemaking, nonviolent activism, and registering as a conscientious objector.
The Jewish Peace Fellowship maintains its archive at the American Jewish Historical Society/Center for Jewish History in NYC

Nyack, New York
Nyack (English pronunciation: /ˈnaɪæk/ ⓘ) is a village primarily located in the town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York, United States. Incorporated in 1872, a small western section of the village lies in Clarkstown. The population was 7,265 at the time of the 2020 census. It is a suburb of New York City approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the Manhattan boundary on the west bank of the Hudson River, north of South Nyack, east of Central Nyack, south of Upper Nyack, and southeast of Valley Cottage.
Piracy in the Caribbean
Piracy in the Caribbean refers to the historical period of widespread piracy that occurred in the Caribbean Sea. Primarily between the 1650s and 1730s, where pirates frequently attacked and robbed merchant ships sailing through the region, often using bases or islands like Port Royal. The era of piracy in the Caribbean began in the 1500s and phased out in the 1830s after the navies of the nations of Western Europe and North America with colonies in the Caribbean began hunting and prosecuting pirates. The period during which pirates were most successful was from the 1650s to the 1730s. Piracy flourished in the Caribbean because of the existence of pirate seaports such as Fort Saint Louis in Martinique, Port Royal in Jamaica, Castillo de la Real Fuerza in Cuba, Tortuga in Haiti, and Nassau in the Bahamas. Piracy in the Caribbean was part of a larger historical phenomenon of piracy, as it existed close to major trade and exploration routes in almost all the five oceans.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
České nebe
České nebe (English: Czech Heaven) is a stage play from the repertoire of Jára Cimrman Theatre, sub-titled Cimrman's Dramatic Testament. The authors are Zdeněk Svěrák and Ladislav Smoljak and like co-author is presented fictional Czech gadgeteer, philosopher and dramatic Jára Cimrman. The play premiered on 28 October 2008 in the Žižkov Theatre of Jára Cimrman. The play was nominated in the Alfréd Radok Awards in 2008.

The Grandmother
The Grandmother (Czech: Babička) is a novella written by Czech writer Božena Němcová in 1853–1854 and first published in 1855. It is her most popular work and is regarded as a classic piece of Czech literature. This most frequently read book of the Czech nation was published more than 300 times in Czech alone and translated into 21 other languages.
2012 Rally Argentina
The 32nd Philips Rally Argentina was the fifth round of 2012 FIA World Rally Championship. It is the longest rally of the year, covering total of 502.73 stage kilometres, with Ambul also being the longest stage of the year. The event took place between 26 and 29 April 2012.

Rally Argentina
The Rally Argentina (Spanish: Rally de Argentina) is an Argentine rally competition that has been a round of the World Rally Championship, the Intercontinental Rally Challenge, the South American Rally Championship and the Argentine Rally Championship. It is held in the area around Villa Carlos Paz in Córdoba Province, on narrow gravel roads best known for their water-splashes.
The Complete Little Orphan Annie
The Complete Little Orphan Annie is a hardcover book series collecting the complete output of the American comic strip, Little Orphan Annie, written and drawn by Harold Gray from the strip's debut in 1924 to Gray's death in 1968. The newspaper comic strip title as a whole was published uninterrupted during 86 years straight (1924–2010) under the Tribune Media Services syndicate. A strip ranked as the most popular comics strip in its heyday according to a Fortune poll. The publisher of this book series is The Library of American Comics, the series' first volume was released in June, 2008.

Tribune Content Agency
Tribune Content Agency (TCA) is a syndication company owned by Tribune Publishing. TCA had previously been known as the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate (CTNYNS), Tribune Company Syndicate, and Tribune Media Services. TCA is headquartered in Chicago, and had offices in various American cities (Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Queensbury, New York; Arlington, Texas; Santa Monica, California), the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong.
Warum geht es mir so dreckig?
Warum geht es mir so dreckig? (Why am I so miserable?) is the first album released by the German rock band Ton Steine Scherben.  It includes—among other pieces—the song Macht kaputt, was euch kaputt macht ("Destroy what is destroying you"), which expressed the built-up anger and radicalization of the youth of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Rio Reiser
Ralph Christian Möbius (9 January 1950 – 20 August 1996), known professionally as Rio Reiser, was a German musician and from 1970 to 1985 the lead singer and main lyric-writer for the rock group Ton Steine Scherben. After that band broke up, he worked as a solo artist.  Among his best known songs are Macht kaputt, was euch kaputt macht, Keine Macht für Niemand, and the Rauch-Haus-Song with the Ton Steine Scherben. As a solo artist, his best known songs are König von Deutschland, Alles Lüge, and Junimond. Reiser supported squatting in the early 1970s and later the green political party Die Grünen. After the German reunification, he joined the Party of Democratic Socialism.
Object lifetime
In object-oriented programming (OOP), object lifetime is the period of time between an object's creation and its destruction. In some programming contexts, object lifetime coincides with the lifetime of a variable that represents the object. In other contexts – where the object is accessed by reference – object lifetime is not determined by the lifetime of a variable. For example, destruction of the variable may only destroy the reference, not the referenced object.

Instance (computer science)
In computer science, an instance or token (from metalogic and metamathematics) is a specific occurrence of a software element that is based on a type definition.: 1.3.2 
When created, an occurrence is said to have been instantiated, and both the creation process and the result of creation are called instantiation.
Yapp Hung Fai
Yapp Hung Fai (Chinese: 葉鴻輝; Jyutping: jip6 hung4 fai1, Cantonese pronunciation: [jip̚˨.hʊŋ˩.fɐj˥]; born 21 March 1990) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern. He currently keeps the record for being the most capped player of the Hong Kong representation team, with 112 caps in total.

Hong Kong Top Footballer Awards
The Hong Kong Top Footballers Awards (Chinese: 香港足球明星選舉), established by the Hong Kong Football Association in 1978, recognizes the top performers for each season's Hong Kong Premier League. The prizes are decided according to the votes from mass media and the general public. The Best Eleven Squad are voted by the public, Premier League coaches and managers and staff from different mass media. The votes from public counts 30% and the remaining 70% are from the professionals. Some other newer prizes include Best Youth Player, Best Foreign Player and Best Coach Award. In 2004, the Most Popular Player Award was established and in the same year, named sponsorship was used. There were some special prizes given out during the history, which includes the Silver Jubilee Footballer Award for Wu Kwok Hung in 2003 and Hong Kong Broadcasting 75th Anniversary Honour Award for Yiu Cheuk Yin, Tam Kong Pak and Ko Po Keung in 2004.
96th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 96th Street station is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 96th Street in the Carnegie Hill and East Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan, it is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.

This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. It was renovated in the 1990s.

Carnegie Hill
Carnegie Hill is a neighborhood within the Upper East Side, in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Its boundaries are 86th Street on the south, Fifth Avenue (Central Park) on the west, with a northern boundary at 98th Street that continues just past Lexington Avenue and turns south to 96th Street and proceeds east up to, but not including, Third Avenue. The neighborhood is part of Manhattan Community District 8.

In the 2000s, the perceived northern boundary on Park Avenue has edged over 96th Street into what was traditionally Spanish Harlem, leading to that area sometimes being called Upper Carnegie Hill, especially by real-estate brokers. According to the official Carnegie Hill Neighbors website, the Carnegie Hill neighborhood extends from 86th to 98th Streets, from Fifth Avenue up to, but not including, Third Avenue.
Psalm 133
Psalm 133 is the 133rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity". In Latin, it is known as "Ecce quam bonum". The psalm is one of the fifteen Songs of Ascents (Shir Hama'alot), and one of the three Songs of Ascents consisting of only three verses.

In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and in the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 132.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music often, notably by Heinrich Schütz, Friedrich Kiel, and as the conclusion of Leonard Bernstein's Chichester Psalms. Addressing the topic of unity, the beginning of the psalm has been chosen as a motto by universities, as well as a symbol of brotherhood by freemasonry.

Selichot
Selichot (Hebrew: סְלִיחוֹת, romanized: səliḥoṯ, singular: סליחה, səliḥā) are Jewish penitential poems and prayers, especially those said in the period leading up to the High Holidays, and on fast days. The Thirteen Attributes of Mercy are a central theme throughout these prayers.
Hoogerwerf's rat
Hoogerwerf's rat (Rattus hoogerwerfi) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.  It is named after zoologist Andries Hoogerwerf and is found only in western Sumatra, Indonesia, including Mount Leuser, where it is found only above 2000 m.
It is known from few museum specimens. Genetic analysis indicate its closest relative is Rattus korinchi, another Sumatran mountain rat from which it diverged around 1.4 million years ago.

Korinch's rat
Korinch's rat (Rattus korinchi) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found only in western Sumatra, Indonesia, and is only known from Mount Kerinci and Mount Talakmau, where it is endemic to high elevations above 2000 m. It is only known from two museum specimens collected early in the 20th century. Genetic analysis indicate its closest relative is (Rattus hoogerwerfi), another Sumatran mountain rat from which it diverged around 1.4 million years ago.
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed review journal covering sports medicine and exercise science. It was established in 1973 as a hardcover book series, and became a quarterly peer-reviewed journal in January 2000. It is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, and is an official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. The editor-in-chief is Sandra K. Hunter, Ph.D., FACSM (Marquette University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.642.

Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise professionals and utilise education, lifestyle intervention and specific forms of exercise to rehabilitate and manage acute and chronic injuries and conditions.

Understanding the effect of exercise involves studying specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohormonal systems that lead to changes in functional capacity and strength due to endurance training or strength training. The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise".

Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Serjeant Painter
The Serjeant Painter was an honourable and lucrative position as court painter with the English monarch. It carried with it the prerogative of painting and gilding all of the King's residences, coaches, banners, etc. and it grossed over £1,000 in a good year by the 18th century. The work itself involved painting the palaces, coaches, royal barges, and all sorts of decorations for festivities, which often had to be designed as well. The actual involvement of the serjeant painters in this gradually declined. The post itself fell out of use in the 18th century, after a period when "fine art" painters were appointed, and expected to supervise rather than execute decorative painting, for a good salary.

Horace Walpole
Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (/ˈwɔːlpoʊl/; 24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), better known as Horace Walpole, was an English Whig politician, writer, historian and antiquarian.

He had Strawberry Hill House built in Twickenham, southwest London, reviving the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors. His literary reputation rests on the first Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764), and his Letters, which are of significant social and political interest. They have been published by Yale University Press in 48 volumes. In 2017, a volume of Walpole's selected letters was published.

The youngest son of the first British prime minister, Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, he became the 4th and last Earl of Orford of the second creation on his nephew's death in 1791.
Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.

Roman type
In Latin script typography, roman is one of the three main kinds of historical type, alongside blackletter and italic. Sometimes called normal or regular, it is distinct from these two for its upright style (relative to the calligraphy-inspired italic) and its simplicity (relative to blackletter).

During the early Renaissance, roman (in the form of Antiqua) and italic type were used separately. Today, roman and italic type are mixed, and most typefaces are composed of both an upright roman style and an associated italic or oblique style.
Autosadism
Autosadism, or automasochism, is behaviour inflicting pain or humiliation on oneself. It may be related to self-harm or a paraphilia involving sexual arousal. It can be viewed as a form of masochism, a sublimated form of sadism, or a means to experiencing algolagnia, a sexual tendency which is defined by deriving sexual pleasure and stimulation from physical pain.

Paraphilia
A paraphilia is an uncommon, intense, and persistent sexual arousal or attraction to anything not sexual by nature. It has also been defined as a sexual interest in anything other than a legally consenting human partner. Paraphilias are contrasted with normophilic ("normal") sexual interests, although the definition of what makes a sexual interest normal or atypical remains controversial.

The exact number and taxonomy of paraphilia is under debate; Anil Aggrawal has listed as many as 549 types of paraphilias. Several sub-classifications of paraphilia have been proposed; some argue that a fully dimensional, spectrum, or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evident diversity of human sexuality. Although paraphilias were believed in the 20th century to be rare among the general population, subsequent research has indicated that some level of paraphilic interests are relatively common.
Billington Heights, New York
Billington Heights is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Elma and Aurora in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 1,685 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Meșterul Manole
In Romanian mythology, Meșterul Manole (roughly: The master builder Manole) was the chief architect of the Curtea de Argeș Monastery in Wallachia. The myth of the cathedral's construction is expressed in the folk poem Monastirea Argeșului ("The Monastery on the Argeș River").

In the poem, Manole finds it impossible to build the monastery without a human sacrifice and, despite his efforts, is forced to sacrifice his own pregnant wife by encasing her in the walls of the building. Written in the style of a folk ballad, the poem is often seen as an example of an "aesthetic myth" in folkloric literature, having at its core the belief that nothing durable and unique can be built without the creator's self-sacrifice.

George Călinescu considered Meșterul Manole, along with Miorița, Zburătorul and Dochia and Trajan, as being part of the four fundamental myths of Romanian folk literature.

Baba Dochia
In Romanian mythology, Baba Dochia, or The Old Dokia, is a figure identified with the return of spring.  She is sometimes imagined as "an old woman who insults the month of March when she goes out with a herd of sheep or goats." Supposedly the name originates from the Byzantine calendar, which celebrates the 2nd-century martyr-saint Eudokia of Heliopolis (Evdokia) on March 1.  The Romanian Dokia personifies mankind's impatience in waiting for the return of spring.
Margarete Oppenheim
Margarete Oppenheim (born Margarete Eisner, October 10, 1857, in Leipzig – September 2, 1935, in Berlin) was a German art collector and patron. She was among the first personalities to collect works of modern art in Germany and owned one of the largest collection in Germany. She is also known as Margarete Oppenheim-Reichenheim.

Bode Museum
The Bode Museum (German: Bode-Museum), formerly called the Emperor Frederick Museum (German: Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum), is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin. It was built from 1898 to 1904 by order of German Emperor William II according to plans by Ernst von Ihne in Baroque Revival style. The building's front square featured a memorial to German Emperor Frederick III, which was destroyed by the East German authorities. Currently, the Bode-Museum is home to the Skulpturensammlung, the Museum für Byzantinische Kunst and the Münzkabinett (sculpture, Byzantine art, and coins and medals). As part of the Museum Island complex, the Bode-Museum was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 because of its outstanding architecture and testimony to the development of museums as a cultural phenomenon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
American Football League Most Valuable Player award
The American Football League Most Valuable Player award was an award given out by the American Football League. It was determined by voters of the Associated Press, the United Press International, and The Sporting News.

During the awards ten-year existence (1960–1969), the American Football League's best player for each year was called the "Most Valuable Player" by some sports-news sources and the "Player of the Year" by others, most notably with Sporting News. Three of the ten seasons saw a split MVP. The only three-way split occurred in 1963 with Lance Alworth getting the UPI vote, Tobin Rote getting the AP vote and Clem Daniels getting the Sporting News vote. Daryle Lamonica was the only player to receive multiple AFL MVP awards in its ten-year history, being selected in 1967 and 1969. The awards by the major services are shown below.

Tobin Rote
Tobin Cornelius Rote (January 18, 1928 – June 27, 2000) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback for the Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL), and the San Diego Chargers and Denver Broncos of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Rice Owls.

He was arguably the first dual-threat quarterback in NFL history.