hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Kemball
Charles Kemball CBE PRSE FRS FRSC FRIC (27 March 1923, in Edinburgh – 4 September 1998, in Tyninghame) was a Scottish chemist who served as president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1988–91) and as president of the Royal Institute of Chemistry (1974-6). He pioneered the use of mass spectrometry. and was a leading expert in heterogeneous catalysis.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Astra TV Award for Best Actress in a Broadcast Network or Cable Comedy Series
The Astra Award for Best Actress in a Broadcast Network or Cable Comedy Series is an annual award presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance to honor the best leading performance by an actress on a comedy television series on broadcast or cable network. It has been given since its inaugural edition.

Hollywood Creative Alliance
The Hollywood Creative Alliance (HCA) is a group of critics, entertainment journalists, content creators, industry influencers, and creatives. The vision and mission of the HCA is to amplify diversity, equity, inclusion, accessibility, and culture within the world of entertainment. It was founded in 2016 as the Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society and rebranded in 2019 to the Hollywood Critics Association. In 2023, it rebranded once more as the Hollywood Creative Alliance and renamed its awards ceremony as The Astra Awards.
Gladiolus tristis
Gladiolus tristis is a species of gladiolus known by several common names, including ever-flowering gladiolus and marsh Afrikaner. It is native to southern Africa, especially South Africa. It is known in parts of Australia and coastal California as an introduced species. It is sometimes grown as a garden plant. This gladiolus typically grows one half to one metre in height, but has been known to approach 1.5 metres tall. It grows from a corm one or two centimetres wide. It produces three narrow, sheathing leaves. The inflorescence is a spike of two to eight large, fragrant blooms. Each flower has six white or cream tepals with greenish or purplish midlines. The flowers are said to have a scent similar to carnations and cloves. Not all individuals  possess scent because the allele for its presence is recessive in relation to the allele for its absence.

Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus (/daɪˈænθəs ˌkɛəriəˈfɪləs/ dy-AN-thəs KAIR-ee-ə-FIL-əs), commonly known as carnation or clove pink, is a species of Dianthus native to the Mediterranean region. While its exact natural range is uncertain due to extensive cultivation over the last 2,000 years, wild carnations are most common in the Mediterranean region. Carnations are prized for their wide variety of colors, delicate fringed petals, and fragrance, often described as spicy, clove-like, or reminiscent of a combination of cinnamon and nutmeg, hence the common name "clove pink". This aroma has made carnations a popular choice for use in perfumes, potpourri, and scented products. Culturally, carnations are associated with affection, distinction, and maternal love, with variations depending on color and area within its wide geographical range.
Healing Simurgh
The Healing Simurgh (Simorgh, Seemorgh) (Persian: سیمرغ درمانگر) is the symbol of medicine in Iran. The name is inspired by Simurgh the Persian mythical flying creature, to which healing capacities have been attributed in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh.

Simurgh
The simurgh (/sɪˈmɜːrɡ/; Persian: سیمرغ; also spelled senmurv, simorgh, simorg, simurg, simoorg, simorq or simourv) is a benevolent bird in Persian mythology and literature. It bears some similarities with mythological birds from different origins, such as the phoenix (Persian: ققنوس quqnūs) and the humā (Persian: هما). The figure can be found in all periods of Iranian art and literature and is also evident in the iconography of Georgia, medieval Armenia, the Eastern Roman Empire, and other regions that were within the realm of Persian cultural influence.
Myosotis matthewsii
Myosotis matthewsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the species in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

Myosotis
Myosotis (/ˌmaɪəˈsoʊtɪs/ MY-ə-SOH-tiss) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae.  In the Northern Hemisphere, they are colloquially known as forget-me-nots or scorpion grasses. The forget-me-not is the official flower of Alaska and Dalsland, Sweden.

The name comes from the Ancient Greek μυοσωτίς "mouse's ear", which the foliage is thought to resemble. Plants of the genus are not to be confused with the related genus Myosotidium and its sole species Myosotidium hortensia found in the  Chatham Islands.
At Play Vol. 2
At Play Vol. 2 is a compilation album by Canadian electronic music producer Deadmau5, following from the success of the first At Play album. The album features ten "DJ friendly" tracks. However, unlike its predecessor At Play, the album is mixed, yet the track markers are divided in a manner that allows DJs to also utilize them for mixing.

At Play
At Play (also known as Deadmau5 at Play and At Play Vol. 1) is a compilation album by Canadian electronic music producer Deadmau5. It is the first installment of Play Records' At Play series. It was released on October 20, 2008.

The album consists of several Deadmau5 tracks from his earlier releases (such as Vexillology), later releases (such as Random Album Title), and collaborations with Melleefresh. The tracks are suitable for DJs to play and mix.
Shadforth
Shadforth is a village in County Durham, England, a few miles east of Durham. The historic centre of the village is a conservation area. The population at the 2011 census was 2,118.

Shadforth is also a civil parish that incorporates Ludworth and Sherburn Hill.

Sherburn Hill
Sherburn Hill is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the east of Sherburn.

From 1835 to 1965, the Sherburn Hill Colliery operated near the village. In 1851, the Ebenezer Primitive Methodist Church was established in Sherburn Hill.  Since the merger with the nearby Bethel Wesleyan Methodist Church in 1968, the church has been called the Sherburn Hill Methodist Church.

Sherburn Hill Colliery opened in 1835, owned then by the Earl of Durham. By the 1890s it was owned by Lambton Collieries Ltd, and the pit employed 300 men and boys, producing 400 tons of coal per day. By 1914 there were 1,260 people employed at the colliery (1,071 working below ground, and 189 on the surface). In 1923 the colliery came under the ownership of Dorman, Long & Co. Ltd. The colliery consistently employed over a thousand people during the 20th century up to 1964. Sherburn Hill Colliery closed on the 7th of August 1965.
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co., 259 U.S. 20 (1922), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled the 1919 Child Labor Tax Law unconstitutional as an improper attempt by Congress to penalize employers using child labor. The Court indicated that the tax imposed by the statute was actually a penalty in disguise.

The Court later abandoned the philosophy underlying the Bailey case. For example, see United States v. Kahriger, 345 U.S. 22 (1953), overruled on other grounds, Marchetti v. United States, 390 U.S. 39 (1968).

United States v. Kahriger
United States v. Kahriger, 345 U.S. 22 (1953), was a United States Supreme Court ruling that held certain provisions of the Revenue Act of 1951 were constitutional, in particular sections related to an occupational tax on persons involved in gambling.

The Supreme Court ruled that the Congressional purpose of penalizing intrastate gambling under the guise of imposing a tax did not violate the Constitution by infringing the police power reserved to the states. The Court stated: "Unless there are [penalty] provisions extraneous to any tax need, courts are without authority to limit the exercise of the taxing power."

The Supreme Court also ruled that the 1951 Revenue Act did not violate the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. However, this holding was later overruled by the Court in Marchetti v. United States.
Tornado outbreak of April 13–16, 2012
From April 13 to 16, 2012, a major tornado outbreak occurred across a large portion of the Great Plains. The storms resulted in six tornado-related fatalities, all of which occurred as a result of a nighttime EF3 tornado that caused major damage in and around Woodward, Oklahoma. Numerous other tornadoes occurred, including a violent EF4 tornado that passed near Marquette, Kansas, and an EF3 tornado that caused major damage in Wichita.

Ellis County, Oklahoma
Ellis County is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,749, making it the fifth-least populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is Arnett.

The county was named for Albert H. Ellis, vice president of the 1906 Constitutional Convention.
Lino Červar
Lino Červar (born 22 September 1950) is a Croatian retired handball coach and politician. In 2003 he guided Croatia men's national handball team to gold in the 2003 World Championship as well as to gold at the 2004 Olympics.

As a member of the largest centre-right political party in Croatia–the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ)–he was a member of the Croatian Parliament from 2003 to 2008.

Apart from Croatian, Červar also holds Macedonian citizenship.

2020 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2020 EHF European Men's Handball Championship was the 14th edition of the tournament and the first to feature 24 national teams. It was co-hosted for the first time in three countries – Austria, Norway and Sweden – from 9 to 26 January 2020.

Spain won their second consecutive title by defeating Croatia 22–20 in the final, while co-hosts Norway won the bronze match against Slovenia. Other hosts Austria finished 8th and Sweden 7th.

Sander Sagosen's 65 goals was at the time a record for a single player at any European Championship, until Mathias Gidsel's 68 goals at the 2026 European Men's Handball Championship.
2012–13 Georgian Cup
The 2012–13 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) is the sixty-ninth season overall and the twenty-third since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 29 August 2012 and will end with the final in May 2013. The defending champions are Dila Gori, after winning their first ever Georgian Cup last season. The winner of the competition will qualify for the second qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.

As Dila Gori, Zestaponi, Metalurgi Rustavi and Torpedo Kutaisi are participating in Europe, they will join the competition in the round of 16.

2011–12 Georgian Cup
The 2011–12 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) was the sixty-eighth season overall and the twenty-second since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 17 August 2011 and ended with the final in May 2012. The defending champions were Gagra. The winner of the competition, Dila Gori, qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.

Dinamo, Zestaponi, Metalurgi and Gagra, the 4 clubs participating in the European club tournaments, joined the competition at the quarter-final stage.
Imielno, Łódź Voivodeship
Imielno [iˈmjɛlnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Ostrowy, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Nowe Ostrowy, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Kutno, and 63 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Nowe Ostrowy
Nowe Ostrowy [ˈnɔvɛ ɔsˈtrɔvɨ] is a village in Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowe Ostrowy. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Kutno and 61 km (38 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Lanús Rugby Club
Lanús Rugby Club is an Argentine rugby union club based in the Remedios de Escalada district of Lanús Partido. The team currently plays in Primera C, the fourth division of the URBA league system.

The club has also a women's rugby team competing in "Torneo Femenino", organised by the same body.

Remedios de Escalada
Remedios de Escalada is a city located in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, within Lanús Partido, Gran Buenos Aires. It covers an area of 9.95 km2 and the population was 81,465 in 2001; the demonym for its inhabitants is "escaladense."
Truth and Reconciliation in Cambodia
The Truth and Reconciliation process in Cambodia refers to efforts to create other truth-seeking and reconciliation mechanisms in the country, in addition to the hybrid tribunals established by the Cambodian government and the United Nations in 2001.

Truth commission
A truth commission, also known as a truth and reconciliation commission or truth and justice commission, is an official body tasked with discovering and revealing past wrongdoing by a government (or, depending on the circumstances, non-state actors also), in the hope of resolving conflict left over from the past. Truth commissions are, under various names, occasionally set up by states emerging from periods of internal unrest, civil war, or dictatorship marked by human rights abuses. In both their truth-seeking and reconciling functions, truth commissions have political implications: they "constantly make choices when they define such basic objectives as truth, reconciliation, justice, memory, reparation, and recognition, and decide how these objectives should be met and whose needs should be served".
Ismaylin Duda
Ismaylin Duda (Chechen: Исмайлин Дуда; 1802–1886) was a Chechen warlord, commander of the Urus-Martan detachment that fought in the Caucasus War. In 1820-1840, Duda, together with  Beibulat and Isa, repelled Russian attacks in south-western Chechnya, inflicting major defeats on the Russian army. Duda was of the Gendargenoy teip and Sayki-Nek'e (Branch of a teip).

Isa of Ghendargen
Isa of Ghendargen (Chechen: Гендаргнойн Ӏийса, romanized: Ghendargnoyn Isa; 1795 – 1845) was a Chechen general during the Caucasian War, who commanded the Eastern and Central Fronts of the Caucasian Imamate. He is also one of the great commanders in Chechen history. Isa was of the Ghendargnoy teip and Appaz-Nek'e (branch of a teip).
The Switchback
The Switchback was a railway line in the East End of Glasgow, Scotland, constructed by the Caledonian Railway (CR). Connecting the lines at Rutherglen on the south side of the city with Robroyston on the north side, this route also served a number of industrial sidings and rail yards.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
2010 Israeli Air Force CH-53 crash
On 26 July 2010, an Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Yas'ur helicopter crashed during a training flight in the Carpathian Mountains, near the city of Brașov in Romania. The accident took place during a joint Romanian-Israeli aviation military exercise code-named "Blue Sky 2010".

All on board the aircraft died: four Israeli pilots, two Israeli mechanics, and one Romanian liaison officer. An investigation into the incident concluded that the crash was most likely due to human error.

Ido Nehoshtan
Aluf Ido Nehoshtan, also Nehushtan (Hebrew: עידו נחושתן; born 1957) is a retired general in the Israel Defense Forces. He replaced Eliezer Shkedi on 4 April 2008 as Air Force Commander until he himself was replaced by Amir Eshel on 10 May 2012 upon his retirement from 37 years of service. He is currently serving as the president of Boeing Israel.
Tichocyphus
Tichocyphus gotlandicus is a fungal genus in the family Porocyphaceae. It comprises the single species Tichocyphus gotlandicus, a cyanolichen. The genus was established in 2024 based on a comprehensive reclassification of cyanolichens, and it is known only from limestone habitats on the Baltic island of Gotland in Sweden, where it grows on exposed rock surfaces near shallow pools. Tichocyphus gotlandicus is a black, thin crust-forming lichen that combines features of two other well-known genera but differs from them in its immersed fruiting structures and the way its internal tissue is organised into distinct upper and lower layers. The species is rarely collected and has been found only a few times, with most specimens lacking fully formed fruiting bodies, suggesting it may be more widespread on Gotland than current records indicate but difficult to identify without microscopic examination.

Porocyphaceae
The Porocyphaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lichinales. Members of this family are typically small, dark-coloured lichens that form partnerships with cyanobacteria and grow on rocks, soil, or occasionally tree bark in well-lit areas that experience periodic wetting. The family was originally established in 1855 but was largely ignored until a 2024 study greatly expanded its scope to include genera previously placed in several other families. Porocyphaceae species are found worldwide, though they are uncommon in densely shaded forests.
Wilhelm Ostwald Institute
The Wilhelm Ostwald Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Leipzig, located at Linnéstraße 2 in Leipzig, is the oldest physical chemistry institute in Germany. It is one of seven institutes of the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy of the University of Leipzig. The institute was ceremoniously inaugurated in 1898 by its first director, Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Ostwald, and has borne the official name "Wilhelm Ostwald Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry" since 1998.

German Research Foundation
The German Research Foundation (German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈfɔʁʃʊŋsɡəˌmaɪnʃaft]; abbr. DFG [ˌdeːʔɛfˈɡeː]) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2019, the DFG had a funding budget of €3.3 billion.
11th Annual Black Reel Awards
The 2011 Black Reel Awards, which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature, independent and television films, took place in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 2011. Tyler Perry's For Colored Girls broke the record for most nominations with 14. This was the first ceremony where no Oscar-nominated performances were nominated.

Black Reel Awards
The Black Reel Awards, or BRAs, is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African Americans in Film (FAAAF) to recognize excellence of African Americans, as well as the cinematic achievements of the African diaspora, in the global film industry, as assessed by the foundation’s voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Black Reel Award. The awards, first presented in 2000 in Washington, DC, are overseen by FAAAF.

The awards ceremony was initially awarded online during its first two years before the first live show presentation in 2002. The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014. The Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African Americans.
Stony Head, Tasmania
Stony Head is an Australian Army artillery range and training centre in the local government area (LGA) of George Town in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The range locality is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) north-east of the town of George Town. The 2016 census recorded a population of nil for the state suburb of Stony Head.

George Town, Tasmania
George Town (palawa kani: kinimathatakinta) is a large town in north-east Tasmania, on the eastern bank of the mouth of the Tamar River. The Australian Bureau of Statistics records the George Town Municipal Area had a population of 6,764 as of 30 June 2016.

It is the regional centre of the George Town Council local government area and is well served with a regional hospital, supermarkets, and infrastructure.
Blue Mud Bay
Blue Mud Bay is a large, shallow, partly enclosed bay on the eastern coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia, facing Groote Eylandt on the western side of the Gulf of Carpentaria.  It lies 60 mi (97 km) south of Caledon Bay, 580 km (360 mi) east-south-east of Darwin in the Arnhem Coast bioregion.  Its name was given to a landmark court ruling affirming that the Aboriginal traditional owners of much of the Northern Territory's coastline have exclusive rights over commercial and recreational fishing in tidal waters overlying their land.

Caledon Bay
Caledon Bay is a bay in Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia, at approximately 12.8° S, 136.5° E. It is perhaps most famous as the home of a group of Yolngu people who were key players in the Caledon Bay crisis, which marked a turning point in the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Caledon Bay is also the place where Matthew Flinders recorded on 3 February 1803 an encounter with some Aboriginal people and he described them as "Australians".   This is one of the first recorded uses of the word to describe the inhabitants of the Continent.   He had used the word in his journal before on 3 March 1802 when he saw 3 or 4 Indigenous people near what is now Port Lincoln.
Sundridge with Ide Hill
Sundridge and Ide Hill is a civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located in the Darenth valley and lies between Sevenoaks and Westerham. The parish contains the villages of Sundridge and Ide Hill and the hamlet of Goathurst Common. It lies within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and within London's Metropolitan Green Belt. It is approximately 21 miles south of London.

The parish was created in 1973, when the settlements of Sundridge and Ide Hill were merged into a parish. Between the two villages is Emmetts Garden, a National Trust property.

According to the 2011 census, the total population of the parish was 1,877. Of that total, there were 917 males and 960 females living in the parish.

Sevenoaks District
Sevenoaks is a local government district in west Kent, England. Its council is based in the town of Sevenoaks.

The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Sevenoaks Urban District, Sevenoaks Rural District and part of Dartford Rural District.