hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Speyer
The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities. Its name evolved from Spira, first mentioned in 614. As of 1294 a Free Imperial City, the town became renowned for its Romanesque cathedral, its vibrant Jewish community, its seat of the Imperial Chamber Court, for 50 diets that took place within its walls, most notably 1526 and 1529, and last but not least, for the Protestation at Speyer. For several centuries from the Middle Ages into the early modern period, Speyer was one of the main centres of gravity of the Holy Roman Empire.

Landau
Landau (Palatine German: Landach), officially Landau in der Pfalz (German pronunciation: [ˈlandaʊ ʔɪn deːɐ̯ ˈpfalts], lit. 'Landau in the Palatinate'), is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, on the German Wine Route.

It contains the districts (Ortsteile) of Arzheim, Dammheim, Godramstein, Mörlheim, Mörzheim, Nussdorf, Queichheim, and Wollmesheim.
Landfair Apartments
The Landfair Apartments is a historic two-building multi-family complex located on the southwest corner of Landfair Avenue and Ophir Drive in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. They were colloquially known as The Glass House and was renamed Robison Hall after UCHA member Everett Robison was drafted and killed in action in World War II.

The building is a part of a collection of homes designed by Los Angeles based modernist architect, Richard Neutra, and built in North West Westwood Village, which includes the Strathmore Apartments, Elkay Apartments, and Kelton Apartments. Architectural historians Robert Winter and David Gebhard has said that the Landfair Apartments is Neutra's "most International Style designs...of the 1930s."

Westwood, Los Angeles
Westwood is a commercial and residential neighborhood in the northern central portion of the Westside region of the city of Los Angeles, California. It is the home of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Bordering the campus on the south is Westwood Village, a major regional district for shopping, dining, movie theaters, and other entertainment.

Wilshire Boulevard through Westwood is a major corridor of condominium towers, on the eastern end and of Class A office towers, on the western end. Westwood also has residential areas of multifamily and single family housing, including exclusive Holmby Hills. The neighborhood was developed starting in 1919, and UCLA opened in 1929, while Westwood Village was built up starting in 1929 through the 1930s.
Salim Abdool Karim
Salim S. Abdool Karim is a South African public health physician, epidemiologist and virologist who has played a leading role in the AIDS and COVID-19 pandemic. His scientific contributions have impacted the landscape of HIV prevention and treatment, saving thousands of lives.

South African Medical Research Council
The South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) is a para-statal medical research organisation in South Africa. The current president is professor Ntobeko Ntusi. The South African Medical Research Council was established in 1969 to act as an independent statutory body to co-ordinate health and medical research activities throughout South Africa.

The SAMRC strives to “advance the nation’s health and quality of life and address inequity by conducting and funding relevant and responsive health research, capacity development, innovation, and research translation”.

Research conducted by the SAMRC is in the fields of tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular diseases, non-communicable diseases, gender and health, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse.

It is a member of the Innovative Vector Control Consortium.
1949 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1949 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season.  In their third season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 4–5 record, finished in eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 2–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 175 to 126.

Notable players from the 1949 Purdue team included tackle Lou Karras and fullback John Kerestes.

Lou Karras
Louis George Karras (September 19, 1927 – September 20, 2018) was an American professional football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins, until an eye injury prematurely ended his career.  He played college football at Purdue University.  Karras was drafted 32nd in the third round of the 1950 NFL draft. He had two younger brothers, former pro football player Ted Karras and former pro-football player/actor Alex Karras.

Karras had a college career at Purdue; he was a three-year starter (1946, 1948–49), was selected 2nd Team All-Big Ten in 1949.  He was named the MVP for Purdue in 1949.  Following his college career, he was selected for the 1949 East-West Shrine Game, the 1950 Chicago-based College All-Star Game and the 1950 Hula Bowl. After his professional football career ended, he founded a successful tire business.  He was also on the city council of Gary, Indiana.
Nechezol
Nechezol was a Romanian coffee substitute, imposed on the market in the last years of communism in Romania.

Coffee had virtually disappeared from Romanian stores in the 1980s (but was still available in Comturist hard-currency luxury shops and on the black market), with the drastic limitation of imports intended to reduce Romania's external debt. Nechezol contained only one-fifth coffee, the balance typically consisting of barley, oats, chickpeas and chestnuts. Its pejorative nickname is derived from the verb a necheza (to neigh), alluding to the oats (usually fed to horses), with the chemical suffix -ol giving a pseudoscientific touch alluding to Elena Ceaușescu, "world-renowned scientist" and wife of dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu.

Nechezol contained no caffeine.

Foreign debt of the Socialist Republic of Romania
The foreign debt of the Socialist Republic of Romania were loans made by Socialist Republic of Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu from international creditors denominated in hard currencies. These loans were used to buy technology, equipment and raw materials needed for the industrialization of the country.

As oil prices increased during the 1979 energy crisis, together with the rising international interest rates, Romania found it difficult to pay it back, leading to the necessity to request the IMF a line of credit. As such loans had strings attached (structural adjustment), Ceaușescu decided that Romania should pay all its debts, leading to the 1980s austerity policy in Romania.
John Earman
John Earman (born 1942) is an American philosopher of physics. He is an emeritus professor in the History and Philosophy of Science department at the University of Pittsburgh. He has also taught at the University of California, Los Angeles, Rockefeller University, and the University of Minnesota, and was president of the Philosophy of Science Association.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
George M. Neal
George Milton Neal (August 29, 1930 – December 1, 2016) was a United States Navy Petty Officer from Springfield, Ohio. He served with Helicopter Utility Squadron ONE (HU-1), a Navy Helicopter rescue unit embarked from Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney during the Korean War and was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions on July 3, 1951, when, while serving with Helicopter Utility Squadron ONE, he and pilot Lt. j.g. John Kelvin Koelsch attempted to rescue Marine Corps Captain James Wilkins. Wilkins crashed near Yondong in North Korea after his Vought F4U Corsair took antiaircraft fire.

He died on December 1, 2016, and was interred in Arlington National Cemetery.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Mekong Housing Bank
The Housing Development Bank of Mekong Delta or Mekong Housing Bank (MHB) (Vietnamese: Ngân hàng Phát triển Nhà Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long) was a Vietnamese commercial bank operated from 1997 to 2015. At its peak, the bank employed more than 5,000 employees and had 44 branches and 187 sub-branches.

In 2015, the bank merged with Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV), ending its operation.

Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam
BIDV or formally the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Ngân hàng Thương mại Cổ phần Đầu tư và Phát triển Việt Nam) is a Vietnamese state-owned bank in Vietnam. It is the country's biggest bank by assets ($72 billion USD) as of June 2021. According to the United Nations Development Programme report on the 100 largest enterprises in Vietnam, BIDV is in the 4th position after Agribank, VNPT, and EVN.

BIDV received Asia Risk Magazine's House of the Year Award for being at the forefront of the country's economic development by modernizing its risk management and developing new financial products like energy derivatives hedges.
Sapohanikan
Sapohanikan was a Lenape settlement of the Canarsee now located in close proximity to where Gansevoort Street meets Washington Street near the Hudson River in Manhattan. The people of the settlement were violently displaced under Dutch Governor Wouter van Twiller in the 1630s, who operated a tobacco plantation for the Dutch West India Company.

In the colony of New Netherland, the area that is now Greenwich Village was commonly referred to as Sapokanikan up until the beginnings of British rule. The area of the settlement was referred to in historical records as Sapohanikan in 1639, as Sappokanican in 1640, and as Sapokanikan and Saponickan in 1641.

Dutch colonization of the Americas
The Netherlands began its colonization of the Americas with the establishment of trading posts and plantations. The first forts and settlements along the Essequibo River in Guyana date from the 1590s. Actual colonization, with the Dutch settling in the new lands, was not as common as by other European nations.
This colonization preceded the much wider known colonization activities of the Dutch in Asia, as the first Dutch fort in Asia was built in 1600 in present-day Indonesia.

Many of the Dutch settlements were lost or abandoned by the end of the 17th century, but the Netherlands managed to retain possession of Suriname until it gained independence in 1975. Among its several colonies in the region, only the Dutch Caribbean still remains to be part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands today.
El Castillo del Terror (2017)
El Castillo del Terror (2017) (Spanish for "The Tower of Terror") was a major professional wrestling event, the eleventh annual El Castillo del Terror event, produced by the International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) that took place on November 2, 2017. IWRG has held their Castillo del Terror show since 2005, usually late in the year. As with the majority of the IWRG shows it took place at Arena Naucalpan in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, the home of IWRG. The main event was the eponymous Castillo del Terror Steel cage match where the last person eliminated would be forced to unmasked per the Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match", stipulation.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey
The 2002 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey were held on November 5, 2002, to determine who would represent the people of New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives. This election coincided with national elections for the U.S. House and U.S. Senate. New Jersey has thirteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.

Rush Holt Jr.
Rush Dew Holt Jr. (born October 15, 1948) is an American scientist and politician who served as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 12th congressional district from 1999 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party and son of former West Virginia U.S. Senator Rush D. Holt Sr. He worked as a professor of public policy and physics, and during his tenure in Congress he was one of two physicists and the only Quaker there.

Holt sought the Democratic nomination in the 2013 special primary election to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, who died in office on June 3, 2013. He lost the nomination to Newark Mayor Cory Booker. Holt announced on February 18, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to the U.S. House that year.

In February 2015, Holt became chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and executive publisher of the Science family of journals.  He served in that role until his retirement in September 2019.
Peter, King of Hungary
Peter (Hungarian: Velencei Péter, Croatian: Petar iz Venecije, Slovak: Peter z Benátok, Italian: Pietro di Venezia; 1010 or 1011 – 1046, or late 1050s), known as Peter Orseolo or Peter the Venetian, was King of Hungary twice. He first succeeded his uncle, King Stephen I, in 1038. His favoritism towards his foreign courtiers caused an uprising which ended with his 1041 deposition. Peter was restored in 1044 by Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. He accepted the Emperor's suzerainty during his second reign, which ended in 1046 after a pagan uprising. Hungarian chronicles are unanimous that Peter was executed by order of his successor, Andrew I, but the chronicler Cosmas of Prague's reference to his alleged marriage around 1055 suggests that he may also have survived his second deposition.

Hron
The Hron (Slovak: Hron; German: Gran; Hungarian: Garam; Latin: Granus) is a 271-kilometre (168 mi) long left tributary of the Danube and the second-longest river in Slovakia. It flows from its source in the Low Tatra Mountains (below Kráľova hoľa) through central and southern Slovakia, emptying into the Danube near Štúrovo and Esztergom. Major cities and towns on the Hron are Brezno, Banská Bystrica, Sliač, Zvolen, Žiar nad Hronom, Žarnovica, Nová Baňa, Tlmače, Levice, Želiezovce, and Štúrovo.

The river's basin covers 5,465 km2 (2,110 sq mi), which is approximately 11 percent of Slovakia's territory.

Hron is a popular destination of water tourism.
Yatomi
Yatomi (弥富市, Yatomi-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of December 1, 2019, the city had an estimated population of 44,589 in 18,185 households and a population density of 910 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 49.0 square kilometres (18.9 sq mi). The between of the border, and neighboring town of Kanie.

Kintetsu Nagoya Line
The Nagoya Line (名古屋線, Nagoya-sen) is a railway line owned and operated by the Kintetsu Railway, a Japanese private railway company, connecting Nagoya and Ise Nakagawa Station in Matsusaka, Mie Prefecture via Kuwana, Yokkaichi, Suzuka, Tsu municipalities along the Ise Bay. The official starting-point of the line is Ise-Nakagawa and the terminus is Nagoya; however, operationally trains run "down" from and "up" towards Nagoya.

The line approximately parallels the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) Kansai Main Line, the Ise Railway Ise Line, and the JR Central Kisei Main Line, and all three offer rapid services from Nagoya to Ise.
Ahmed al-Salawi
For Al-Salawi, the author of al-Istiqsa see Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri

Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Nasir al-Salawi (Arabic: أحمد بن محمد بن ناصر السلاوي; 1791 in Sale – 1840 in Sudan) was a Moroccan Maliki scholar, Sufi teacher and writer, who played an important role in Sudan during the reign of the colonial Turkish-Egyptian administration. Al-Salawi was closely connected with Sudanese scholars like Ahmad ibn Isa al-Ansari, Ahmad al-Tayyib w. al-Bashir (whose daughter he married) and Ismail ibn Abd Allah al-Wali.

Ahmad ibn Khalid an-Nasiri
Abu al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Khālid al-Nāṣirī al-Slāwī,  (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن خالد الناصري السلاوي; 1835–1897) was a Moroccan historian considered to be the greatest of the 19th century. He was a prominent scholar and a member of the family that founded the Nasiriyya Sufi order in the 17th century. He wrote an important multivolume history of Morocco: Kitab al-Istiqsa li-Akhbar duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqsa. The work is a general history of Morocco and the Islamic west from the Islamic conquest to the end of the 19th century. He died in 1897 shortly after putting the finishing touches to his chronicle.

He was born in Salé in 20 April or 22 March 1835. He descended from the Arab tribe of Maqil.
Beika
In Japanese, beika (米菓) describes a higashi (dry Japanese confectionery) that is made out of rice. Beika is a word used for any dry snack made of rice. Unlike “senbei,” which is more specifically rice crackers and may also include other flours, beika can be more than just crackers.
Major types include:

senbei

okaki

arare

kaki no tane

Some types of senbei may use wheat flour or barley flour instead of rice flour, for example tansan senbei, nanbu senbei and kawara senbei.

Kaki no tane
Kaki no tane or Kaki-pi are a common snack in Japan. The two elements of kaki-pi or kaki-no-tane (柿の種) are small crescent-shaped fragments of senbei (soy-flavored rice crisps), and peanuts. They are often consumed with beer and are sometimes a bar snack. Kaki-pi has several different types of flavors, such as wasabi, pepper, amongst others. The name comes from the fact that the pieces of senbei look like a seed (種, tane) of the persimmon (柿, kaki). The "pi" is an abbreviation of piinattsu (ピーナッツ), or "peanuts". In 2017 the food was officially certified "Space Japanese Food" by the JAXA.
Liberia Drug Enforcement Agency
The Liberia Drug Enforcement Agency (LDEA) is an agency established within the Liberian government on December 23, 1998, charged with fighting drug-related crimes. The LDEA is supervised by the Ministry of Justice and is charged with fighting drug trafficking at the country's borders, arresting traffickers and dealers, and destroying illegal drugs. The LDEA is not responsible for overseeing commerce in legal drugs and other pharmaceuticals; such substances are within the purview of the Pharmaceutical Board of Liberia.

Drug-related crime
A drug-related crime is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse (such as cocaine, heroin, morphine and amphetamines). Drugs are also related to crime as drug trafficking and drug production are often controlled by drug cartels, organised crime and gangs. Some drug-related crime involves crime against the person such as robbery or sexual assaults.
Farmersburg, Indiana
Farmersburg is a town in Curry Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Farmersburg had a population of 1,069. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is adjacent to the Vigo County line and is overshadowed by several large TV and radio transmitter towers.

Vigo County, Indiana
Vigo County (/ˈviːɡoʊ/ VEE-goh) is a county on the western border of the U.S. state of Indiana. The county is included in the Terre Haute metropolitan area. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 106,153. Its county seat is Terre Haute.

The county contains four incorporated settlements with a total population of nearly 63,000, as well as several unincorporated communities. It is divided into twelve townships which provide local services to the residents.

The county was once regarded as one of the best bellwether regions for voting in U.S. presidential elections; it voted for the winning candidate in every election from 1956 to 2016 and in all but three elections since 1888. Until the streak ended in 2020, only one county in the United States, Valencia County, New Mexico, had voted for the winning candidate longer.
Butachlor
Butachlor is a herbicide of the acetanilide class.  It is used as a selective pre-emergent herbicide to control annual grasses and some broad-leaved weeds. It was introduced circa 1970. It is extensively used in India in the form of granules and emulsifiable concentrate in rice as post emergence herbicide, and 2,699 tonnes (5,950,000 lb) was sold in India in 2005-06, declining to 372 tonnes (820,000 lb) in 2009-10.

Butachlor's herbicide mode of action is to prevent formation of very long chain fatty acids; this makes its HRAC classification Group K (Australia), Group K3 (global) and Group 15 (numeric).

Acetanilide
Acetanilide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5NHC(O)CH3.  It is the N-acetylated derivative of aniline. It is an odourless solid chemical of leaf or flake-like appearance.  It is also known as N-phenylacetamide, acetanil, or acetanilid, and was formerly known by the trade name Antifebrin.
Dead Christ Supported by Two Angels (Bellini, Venice)
Dead Christ Supported by Two Angels is a tempera painting on panel by the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Bellini, created around 1460. It is now in the Museo Correr in Venice.

The panel is one of Bellini's earliest Pietà compositions, together with those in the Accademia Carrara of Bergamo and in the Museo Poldi Pezzoli of Milan. The date in the sepulchre's edge (1499) is apocryphal, as is Albrecht Dürer's monogram.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.