hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009–10 Great West Conference men's basketball season
The 2009–10 Great West Conference men's basketball season marked the inaugural season of Great West Conference basketball.  The Great West is the first new Division I basketball conference since the Mountain West Conference began play in 1999. In 2008–09, the Great West Conference began competition in basketball, although they were transitioning to Division I at the time.

Great West Conference
The Great West Conference (GWC) was an NCAA college athletic conference in the continental United States. Originally a football-only league, it became an all-sports entity during the 2008–09 season. The GWC stopped sponsoring football following the 2011 season. The conference became defunct when four of the remaining five full member schools became members of other conferences on July 1, 2013.
Prestonfield, Linlithgow
Prestonfield is a football stadium in the royal burgh of Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland. It is the home stadium of Linlithgow Rose of the Lowland League.

The stadium was opened in 1949 and currently consists of a covered and seated stand opposite a covered enclosure with the rest of the ground being concrete terracing. The current capacity is 2,264 of whom 301 can be seated.

In July 2018, Livingston F.C. confirmed that their home ties in the 2018–19 Scottish League Cup Group stage would be held at Prestonfield, due to delays with the installation of a new artificial turf pitch at their own Almondvale Stadium, situated about 7 miles (11 km) from Linlithgow.

Almondvale Stadium
Almondvale Stadium, also known as The Home of the Set Fare Arena for sponsorship purposes, is a football stadium, located in the Almondvale area of Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland. It has been the home ground of Scottish Premiership club Livingston since 1995, and has an all-seater capacity of 9,713.

Between 2014 and 2024, due to restaurant chain Tony Macaroni's naming rights, the stadium was humorously referred to as the "Spaghettihad"; a play on Manchester City's Etihad Stadium.
Bisin, Syria
Bisin (Arabic: بيصين, also spelled Biseen) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located southwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Billin to the north, al-Muaa to the northeast, Deir al-Fardis to the east, Mousa al-Houla to the southeast, Tell Dahab and Houla to the south, Aqrab and Baarin to the southwest, al-Bayyadiyah to the west and al-Suwaydah to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Bisin had a population of 3,224 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Al-Bayyadiyah
Al-Bayyadiyah (Arabic: البياضية, also spelled Beyadiyeh) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located southwest of Hama. Nearby localities include al-Bayda and district center Masyaf to the northwest, Ayn Halaqim to the southwest, Baarin and Nisaf to the south, Aqrab to the southeast and al-Muah to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Bayyadiyah had a population of 2,701 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites and Christians.
Apophony
In linguistics, apophony is an alternation of vowel (quality) within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). It is also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, or internal inflection.

Affix
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. Derivational affixes,  such as un-, -ation, anti-, pre- etc., introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. Inflectional affixes introduce a syntactic change, such as singular into plural (e.g. -(e)s), or present simple tense into present continuous or past tense by  adding -ing, -ed to an English word. All of them are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes.
Wangping, Beijing
Wangping Town (Chinese: 王平镇; pinyin: Wángpíng Zhèn) is a town on the eastern side of Mentougou District, Beijing, China. It borders Miaofengshan Town in its northeast, Dongxinfang Subdistrict and Longquan Town in its southeast, Yongding Town and Datai Subdistrict in its south, and Yanchi Town in its northwest. Its population was 7,013 as of 2020.

Dongxinfang Subdistrict
Dongxinfang Subdistrict (Chinese: 东辛房街道; pinyin: Dōngxīnfáng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located within Mentougou District, Beijing, China. It borders Longquan Town and Chengzi Subdistrict in the north, Dayu Subdistrict in the east, Longquan and Tanzhesi Towns in the south, and Longquan Town in the west. Its population was 36,076.

The subdistrict took its name from Dongxinfang Village that used to exist within the region.
Sir Thomas Barrington, 2nd Baronet
Sir Thomas Barrington, 2nd Baronet, 1585 to 18 September 1644, was an English politician and Puritan activist who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1644. In the early stages of the First English Civil War, he helped establish the Eastern Association, one of the most effective elements of the Parliamentarian army.

Eastern Association
The Eastern Association of counties was an administrative organisation set up by Parliament in the early years of the First English Civil War. Its main function was to finance and support an army which became a mainstay of the Parliamentarian military effort until early 1645. In January 1644 committeemen of the Eastern Association gathered at the Bury Conference to discuss their concerns as regards the proposed New Model Army. However in the following months many of its units were incorporated into this new military formation, and the Association officially ceased to exist in July 1645.: 191
Beyza Kocatürk
Beyza Kocatürk (born 9 December 1996) is a Turkish women's football defender currently playing in the Women's Super League for Yüksekova with jersey number 3. She played for the national girls' U-17 and the women's U-19 teams, before she became a member of the Turkey women's team.

Fatih Vatan S.K.
Fatih Vatan Spor Kulübü is a women's football team based in Fatih, Istanbul. The team completed the 2016–17 season of Turkish Women's Second Football League as champion, and were promoted to the Turkish Women's First Football League.
KTX-Sancheon
The KTX-Sancheon (Korean: KTX-산천; Hanja: KTX-山川, formerly called the KTX-II) is a South Korean high-speed train built by Hyundai Rotem and operated by Korail and SR Corporation. With the maximum operational speed of 305 km/h (189.5 mph), the KTX-Sancheon is the second commercial high-speed train operated in South Korea, as well as the country's first domestically developed high-speed train in commercial service.

The KTX-Sancheon can be divided into four classes: Classes 110000 and 140000 which are owned and operated by Korail, Class 120000 which is owned by Korail but leased to SR Corporation for operation, and Class 130000 which is owned and operated by SR Corporation.

Honam Line
The Honam Line is a major railway line serving the Honam region (North and South Jeolla Provinces) in South Korea. The line is served by frequent passenger trains from Seoul (via the Gyeongbu Line) to Gwangju and Mokpo.
1977 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1977 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in San Cristóbal, Venezuela in 1977. Twelve events were contested, 10 for men (3 for professionals, 7 for amateurs) and 2 for women.

In the same period, the 1977 UCI Road World Championships were also organized in San Cristóbal.

San Cristóbal, Táchira
San Cristóbal (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal]) is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira. It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela. The city is situated 818 metres (2,684 ft) above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River, 56 kilometres (35 mi) from the Colombian border. San Cristóbal was founded on 31 March 1561, by Juan de Maldonado. From its inception, the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country and the region, due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia.

The city was severely damaged by the Earthquake of Cúcuta (also known as Earthquake of the Andes) in 1875.
Diocese of Cremona
The Diocese of Cremona (Latin: Dioecesis Cremonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Italy. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Milan. The bishop of Cremona's cathedra is in the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.

As of 2008, the Diocese of Cremona had 223 parishes, all located within the region of Lombardy, and the majority (174)  within the Province of Cremona, besides  28 in the Province of Mantua, 17 in the Province of Bergamo, and 4 in the Province of Milan.

Province of Bergamo
The province of Bergamo (Italian: provincia di Bergamo; Bergamasque: proìnsa de Bèrghem) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bergamo. The province has a population of 1,103,768 (2023), an area of 2,754.91 square kilometers (1,063.68 sq mi), and contains 242 comuni (municipalities).
W Motors
W Motors is an Emirati sports car manufacturing company based in Dubai that develops high-performance luxury sports cars. The company's activities include automotive design, research and development, as well as vehicle engineering and manufacture.

Quintessentially Group
Quintessentially Group is a British lifestyle management company founded in 2000 by Aaron Simpson, Ben Elliot and Paul Drummond. The company is headquartered in London and operates 60 offices worldwide. Quintessentially is a members-only "luxury lifestyle management service" that provides concierge services including travel bookings, restaurant recommendations, and access to events.
Baron Cantilupe
Baron Cantilupe (properly Cauntelo) was a title created in the peerage of England by writ on 29 December 1299 addressed to Willelmo de Canti Lupo or Cauntelo, (William de Cantilupe (1262-1308) of Greasley Castle in Nottinghamshire and of Ravensthorpe Castle in the parish of Boltby, North Yorkshire).

George de Cantilupe
George de Cantilupe (1252–1273) (anciently Cantelow, Cantelou, Canteloupe, etc, Latinised to de Cantilupo)   was Lord of Abergavenny from the Marches of South Wales under Edward I of England. He was born on the 29 March 1252 at Abergavenny Castle in Monmouthshire, the son of William III de Cantilupe and Eva de Braose. He married Margaret de Lacy, of the powerful de Lacy dynasty,  daughter of Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln and his wife Alasia, daughter of Manfred III, Marquess of Saluzzo, and Beatrix of Savoy.

He was named a Knights Bachelor on 13 October 1272.

His other estates, apart from Abergavenny, included the manor of Bridgwater in Somerset; there were also Irish estates. He died on 18 October 1273, aged 21. He was succeeded by his nephew John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings.
Estonian Mathematical Society
The Estonian Mathematical Society (Estonian: Eesti Matemaatika Selts, EMS) is a mathematical society founded in Estonia in February 1926.
The EMS is based in Tartu, and is a founding member of the European Mathematical Society. It is recognised by the International Mathematical Union.

European Mathematical Society
The European Mathematical Society (EMS) is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians. The current president is Jan Philip Solovej, professor at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen.
FIFA Fan Festival
The FIFA Fan Festivals are public viewing events organized by FIFA and the host cities during the FIFA World Cup. FIFA Fan Festivals (initially named FIFA Fan Fests) followed the success of public viewing at the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and became an essential part of the tournament since the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. Fan Festivals take place in iconic locations of the host cities and feature broadcasts of football matches on giant screens, live concerts, parties, food, beverages, and other activities and entertainment. In 2022, FIFA reintroduced Fan Festivals under the new name for the 2022 FIFA World Cup held in Qatar.

Budweiser
Budweiser (/ˈbʌdwaɪzər/) is an American-style pale lager, a brand of Belgian company AB InBev. Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, Budweiser is one of the largest selling beers in the United States. Budweiser is a filtered beer, available on draft and in bottles and cans, made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.

There is an ongoing series of trademark disputes between Anheuser-Busch and the Czech company Budweiser Budvar Brewery over the use of the name. Usually, either Anheuser-Busch or Budweiser Budvar is granted the exclusive use of the Budweiser name in a given market. The Anheuser-Busch lager is available in over 80 countries, but is marketed as "Bud" in areas where Budvar has use of the Budweiser name.
John Norris (soldier)
Sir John Norris, or Norreys (ca. 1547 – 3 September 1597), of Rycote, Oxfordshire, and of Yattendon and Notley in Berkshire, was an English soldier. The son of Henry Norris, 1st Baron Norreys, he was a lifelong friend of Queen Elizabeth.

The most acclaimed English soldier of his day, Norreys participated in every Elizabethan theatre of war: in the Wars of Religion in France, in Flanders during the Eighty Years' War of Dutch liberation from Spain, in the Anglo-Spanish War, and above all in the Tudor conquest of Ireland.

Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur
Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur and of Penthièvre (9 September 1558, in Nomeny, Meurthe-et-Moselle – 19 February 1602, in Nürnberg) was a French soldier, a prince of the Holy Roman Empire and a prominent member of the Catholic League, who fought for Breton political independence from the House of Bourbon.
Santiago District, Veraguas
Santiago District is a district (distrito) of Veraguas Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 74,679; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 129,821. The district covers a total area of 971 km². The capital lies at the city of Santiago de Veraguas. Primary industries include lead for 2H pencils and spoon handles.

Districts of Panama
The provinces of Panama and some of the comarcas are divided into districts (distrito). The district are further divided into corregimientos of Panama.

More than 50% of the country's population resides in the districts of Panama, San Miguelito, Arraijan, Chorrera, and Colon.
Green Dot Bystander Intervention
Green Dot Bystander Intervention is a bystander education approach that aims to prevent violence with the help of bystanders. It is built on the premise that violence can be measurably and systematically reduced within a community. Bystander intervention as a way of violence prevention programs are becoming popular within society. Its mission is to reduce power-based violence by being a proactive bystander and a reactive bystander.

Dating violence
Dating abuse or dating violence is the perpetration or threat of an act of violence by at least one member of an unmarried couple on the other member in the context of dating or courtship. It also arises when one partner tries to maintain power and control over the other through abuse or violence, for example when a relationship has broken down. This abuse or violence can take a number of forms, such as sexual assault, sexual harassment, threats, physical violence, verbal, mental, or emotional abuse, social sabotage, and stalking. In extreme cases it may manifest in date rape. It can include psychological abuse, emotional blackmail, sexual abuse, physical abuse and psychological manipulation.

Dating violence crosses all racial, age, economic and social lines. The Center for Relationship Abuse Awareness describes dating abuse as a "pattern of abusive and coercive behaviors used to maintain power and control over a former or current intimate partner."
Christopher Martins
Christopher Martins Pereira (born 19 February 1997) is a Luxembourgish professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or central midfielder for Russian Premier League club Spartak Moscow and the Luxembourg national team.

2021–22 Russian Cup
The 2021–22 Russian Cup was the 30th season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The competition qualification started on 14 July 2021 and it concluded on 29 May 2022. The final was attended by almost 70,000 fans at the Luzhniki Stadium.

The winner of the cup would normally win entry into the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League; however, on 28 February 2022, Russian football clubs were suspended from FIFA & UEFA international competitions until further notice. The Russian invasion of Ukraine was cited as the reason. Nevertheless, the winners do qualify for the 2022 Russian Super Cup.
Harvey mannequin
Harvey was one of the earliest medical simulators available for training of health care professionals. Harvey was created in 1968 by Dr. Michael S. Gordon at the University of Miami. Harvey is currently sold by the Laerdal Corporation.

Medical simulation
Medical simulation, or more broadly, healthcare simulation, is a branch of simulation related to education and training in medical fields of various industries. Simulations can be held in the classroom, in situational environments, or in spaces built specifically for simulation practice. It can involve simulated human patients (whether artificial, human or a combination of the two), educational documents with detailed simulated animations, casualty assessment in homeland security and military situations, emergency response, and support for virtual health functions with holographic simulation. In the past, its main purpose was to train medical professionals to reduce errors during surgery, prescription, crisis interventions, and general practice. Combined with methods in debriefing, it is now also used to train students in anatomy, physiology, and communication during their schooling.
Johnny Townsend (American football)
Johnny Townsend (born February 14, 1995) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Florida Gators. He was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the fifth round of the 2018 NFL draft. His younger brother Tommy is a punter on the Houston Texans active roster.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Therīgāthā
The Therīgāthā, often translated as Verses of the Elder Nuns (Pāli: therī elder (feminine) + gāthā verses), is a Buddhist collection of short poems supposedly spoken or authored by Buddhist elder nuns. The poems belong to a later period in the development of canonical Buddhist literature, composed over centuries, with some dating to the late third century BCE.

In the Pāli Canon, the Therigatha is classified as part of the Khuddaka Nikaya, the collection of short books in the Sutta Pitaka.  It consists of 73 poems organized into 16 chapters. It is the companion text to the Theragatha, verses attributed to senior monks. It is the earliest known collection of women's literature composed in India.

Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (also known as Ajahn Geoff; born December 28, 1949) is an American Buddhist monk and author. Belonging to the Thai Forest Tradition, he studied for ten years under the forest master Ajahn Fuang Jotiko (himself a student of Ajahn Lee). Since 1993, he has served as abbot of the Metta Forest Monastery in San Diego County, California—the first monastery in the Thai Forest Tradition in the U.S.—which he cofounded with Ajahn Suwat Suvaco.

Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu is perhaps best known for his translations of the Dhammapada and the Sutta Pitaka—almost 1000 suttas in all—provided free of charge on his website "Talks, Writing & Translations of Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu" as well as translations from the dhamma talks of the Thai forest ajahns. He has also authored several dhamma-related works of his own, and has compiled study-guides of his Pali translations.
M74 Group
The M74 Group (also known as the NGC 628 Group) is a small group of galaxies in the constellation Pisces.  The face-on spiral galaxy M74 (NGC 628) is the brightest galaxy within the group.  Other members include the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC 660 and several smaller irregular galaxies
.
The M74 Group is one of many galaxy groups that lie within the Virgo Supercluster.

Galaxy groups and clusters
Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation. They form the densest part of the large-scale structure of the Universe. In models for the gravitational formation of structure with cold dark matter, the smallest structures collapse first and eventually build the largest structures, clusters of galaxies. Clusters are then formed relatively recently between 10 billion years ago and now. Groups and clusters may contain ten to thousands of individual galaxies. The clusters themselves are often associated with larger, non-gravitationally bound, groups called superclusters.
Christ Air
Christ Air is an aerial skateboarding trick where, while flying in the air, the skateboarder picks up their board into one of their hands and then spreads their arms and straightens their legs forming a pose that resembles Jesus Christ on the cross. It was invented by skater Christian Hosoi.

Danish professional skateboarder Rune Glifberg had become associated with the Christ Air due to it being his special move in early entries of the Tony Hawk's Pro Skater video game franchise, but in a 2024 interview Rune admitted that he "had never done a Christ Air in (his) life".The Christ Air has also been associated with the hit series Skate. In April 2007 professional skater Martyn Jackson performed a 14 ft (4 m) high Christ Air, the second highest behind Hosoi himself. Danny Way has also performed the Christ Air.

Aerial (skateboarding)
Aerials (or more commonly airs) are a type of skateboarding trick usually performed on half-pipes, pools or quarter pipes where there is a vertical wall with a transition (curved surface linking the wall and the ground) available. Aerials typically combine rotation with different grabs. Most of the different types of grabs were originally aerial tricks that were performed in ditches, empty pools, and vert ramps before flatground aerials became common. Aerials can be executed by ollieing just as the front wheels reach the lip of a ramp, or can be executed simply by lifting the front wheels over the coping (or lip). The former is preferable on shallower ramps where the skateboarder has less speed to lift them above the ramp.