hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parpública
Parpública, officially Participações Públicas (SGPS) S.A., is a state holding company that can be characterized as a National Wealth Fund of the Portuguese Republic. The company is based in Lisbon, Portugal. Among its major assets are TAP Portugal, ANA - Aeroportos de Portugal, Águas de Portugal, Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, Companhia das Lezírias and the Estoril Circuit. It has been described as Portugal's Public-private partnership unit.

Public–private partnership unit
A Public–private partnership unit (PPP unit) is an organisation responsible for promoting, facilitating and/or assessing Public-private partnerships (PPP, P3, 3P) in their territory. PPP units can be government agencies, or semi-independent organizations created with full or partial government support. Governments tend to create a PPP unit as a response to prior criticisms of the implementation of P3 projects in their country. In 2009, 50% of OECD countries had created a centralized PPP unit, and many more of these institutions exist in other countries.
Devil's Ridge Ultra
The Devil's Ridge Ultra (a race of  the China Mountain Trails such as the Yading Skyrun) is an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2016. It runs every year in September in the Gobi Desert (China), and is valid for the Skyrunner World Series.

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in southern Mongolia and North China. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world.

The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word gobi, used to refer to all of the waterless regions in the Mongolian Plateau; in Chinese, gobi is used to refer to rocky, semi-deserts such as the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts.
Henry Phillpotts
Henry Phillpotts (6 May 1778 – 18 September 1869), often called "Henry of Exeter", was the Anglican Bishop of Exeter from 1830 to 1869. He was one of England's longest serving bishops since the 14th century.

John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley
John William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley, PC, FRS (9 August 1781 – 6 March 1833), known as the Honourable John Ward from 1788 to 1823 and as the 4th Viscount Dudley and Ward from 1823 to 1827, was a British politician and slave holder. He served as Foreign Secretary from 1827 to 1828.
Stegommata sulfuratella
Stegommata sulfuratella, the banksia leaf-miner, is a species of moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is native to Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland to Tasmania. It is an adventive species in New Zealand.

The wingspan is about 15 mm. Adults are white, with some darker markings on the forewings.

The larvae mine the leaves of various Banksia species, including Banksia integrifolia and Banksia serrata.

Lyonetiidae
Lyonetiidae is a family of moths with around 200 described species. These are small, slender moths, the wingspan rarely exceeding 1 cm. The very narrow forewings, held folded backwards covering the hindwings and abdomen, often have pointed apices noticeably up- or down-turned. The larvae are leaf miners.

The families Bucculatricidae and Bedelliidae are sometimes considered subfamilies of Lyonetiidae.
Bamboo musical instruments
Bamboo's natural hollow form makes it an obvious choice for many musical instruments. In South and South East Asia, traditional uses of bamboo the instrument include various types of woodwind instruments, such as flutes, and devices like xylophones and organs, which require resonating sections. In some traditional instruments bamboo  is the primary material, while others combine bamboo with other materials such as wood and leather.

Jew's harp
The Jew's harp, also known as jaw harp, juice harp, or mouth harp, is a lamellophone instrument, consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. Despite the colloquial name, the Jew's harp most likely originated in China, with the earliest known Jew's harps dating back 4,000 years ago from Shaanxi. It has no relation to the Jewish people.

Jew's harps may be categorized as idioglot or heteroglot (whether or not the frame and the tine are one piece); by the shape of the frame (rod or plaque); by the number of tines, and whether the tines are plucked, joint-tapped, or string-pulled.
City Hall in Ponca City
City Hall in Ponca City is a historic Spanish Colonial architecture city hall building and auditorium in Ponca City, Oklahoma. It was designed by Solomon Layton's firm, the designers of the Oklahoma State Capitol and many other significant buildings in the state. Originally built as an auditorium in 1916, the east and west wings were added in 1922.

The Centennial Monument by Jo Saylors is in front of the building, one of three monuments in Centennial Plaza commemorating early oil rush developer tycoons and philanthropists who helped build the city.

The City Hall building is part of the Downtown Ponca City Historic District where it is noted as the "Ponca City Municipal Complex".

It is a contributing building in the Downtown Ponca City Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

The city hall was restored during 2001-2003. It is located at 500 East Grand.

Ponca City, Oklahoma
Ponca City (Iowa-Oto: Chína Uhánⁿdhe) is a city in Kay County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The city was named after the Ponca tribe. Ponca City had a population of 24,424 in the 2020 census, down from 25,387 at the time of the 2010 census.
Gyan Chandra Acharya
Gyan Chandra Acharya is the Nepali ambassador to the United Kingdom since January 2021, and the former United Nations Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States. He was appointed to this position by the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 14 August 2012.

Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
An under-secretary-general of the United Nations (USG) is a senior official within the United Nations System, normally appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the secretary-general for a renewable term of four years. Under-secretary-general is the third highest rank in the United Nations, after the secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general. The rank is held by the heads of different UN entities, certain high officials of the United Nations Secretariat, and high-level envoys. The United Nations regards the rank as equal to that of a cabinet minister of a member state, and under-secretaries-general have diplomatic immunity under the UN Charter.
Thornton Fractional Township High School District 215
Thornton Fractional Township High School District 215, more commonly known as T.F. District 215, is composed of two high schools, the supplementary Center for Academics and Technology, and the Center for Alternative Learning. The reference of 'Fractional' in the district's and school names originates not from a person, but from the district being created in 1926 out of a "fractional" portion of Thornton Township from the Thornton Township High School District 205 serving the township's remainder.

Because of their long names, among administrators and students alike, they are commonly referred to as T.F. North, T.F. South, and the CAT and CAL Centers.

Thornton Township High School District 205
Thornton Township High School District 205 is a consolidated high school district based in South Holland, Illinois that serves much of Cook County's Thornton Township. The district is located south of the city of Chicago; the township's northern border matches up with the southern border of the city proper.

District 205 is composed of three high schools, all located in different towns throughout Thornton Township. Thornton Township High School is located in the western reaches of Thornton Township in the Village of Harvey, and is led by principal Mr. Todd Whitaker. Another high school in the district is Thornridge High School in the City of Dolton, a village located at the northern border of the township. The principal of Thornridge High School is Dr. Justin Moore. the third district school is Thornwood High School, which is located in the township seat of South Holland; Thornwood's principal is Dr. Don C. Holmes. The district superintendent is Dr. Nathaniel Cunningham.
Emmanuel's Evangelical Lutheran Church
Emmanuel's Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church at 30 W. Warren Street in Germantown, Ohio. The Gothic Revival church building was constructed in 1867 for a congregation that formed in 1809. The congregation had originally shared a building with the local German Reformed congregation; when this arrangement proved inadequate in the 1830s, it built its own brick building, which was reconstructed into the 1867 building. It is one of four extant churches in the area built by Pennsylvania German settlers in the nineteenth century. The church's design features a gable front entrance split into three sections, each with an arched doorway and large arched stained glass window; the central section is topped by a tall multi-faced steeple.

The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 1990.

Germantown, Ohio
Germantown is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States.  The population was 5,796 at the 2020 census. A part of the Dayton metropolitan area, Germantown was founded by German Americans from Pennsylvania and was once home to a cigar industry.
SU(1,1) interferometry
SU(1,1) interferometry is a technique that uses parametric amplification for splitting and mixing of electromagnetic waves for precise estimation of phase change and achieves the Heisenberg limit of sensitivity with fewer optical elements than conventional interferometric techniques.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Orphanaspis
Orphanaspis is a poorly known genus of odontopleurid trilobite in the family Odontopleuridae.  The genus is originally based on poorly preserved material from the Wenlock-aged Motol Formation in Bohemia, Czech Republic, described by Joachim Barrande, in 1852, as "Trilobites orphana."  In 1945, Prantl and Pribyl reclassify T. orphana as Orphanaspis orphana.  Some experts suspect that O. orphana may actually be a species of Dicranurus.

Odontopleuridae
Odontopleuridae is a family of odontopleurid trilobites found in marine strata throughout the world.  Odontopleurids of Odontopleuridae first appear in Late Cambrian-aged marine strata, and the last genera perish by the end of the Frasnian stage during the Late Devonian.  The members of Odontopleuridae are famous for their spinose appearance, having long, often numerous spines along the edges of their exoskeletons, and derived from ends of segments or tubercle ornaments.
Lagonimico
Lagonimico is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. The type species is Lagonimico conclucatus.

Walter Hartwig
Walter Carl Hartwig is an American anthropologist, paleontologist, anatomy professor and author in the San Francisco Bay Area. In July 2020 he became Director of Enrollment Management and Student Success at Touro University California's College of Osteopathic Medicine, where he has served professionally for 25 years.

Walter Hartwig graduated summa cum laude in anthropology at the University of Missouri in 1986.  He undertook graduate work in biological anthropology under the late Francis Clark Howell at the University of California at Berkeley in 1986, where he developed an interest in South American monkeys.
Barney (crater)
Barney is a small crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2013. Barney is named for the American-French playwright, poet, and novelist Natalie Clifford Barney.

Barney lies on the east side of the ancient Lennon-Picasso Basin.  About 137 km to the northeast of Barney is the highest point on Mercury (over 4 km above the global average), the highest part of scarps that are remnants of the rim of the Lennon-Picasso Basin.

Lennon-Picasso Basin
The Lennon-Picasso Basin is an ancient (Pre-Tolstojan) impact basin on Mercury, discovered from topographic mapping of the surface by the MESSENGER spacecraft, and was originally designated b56.  It is approximately 1450 km in diameter and spans the region between Picasso crater on the north rim to Lennon crater on the south rim, and the crater Holst is near the center.  The basin is heavily eroded by subsequent impacts and is not obvious on the surface.  A topographic low (surrounding Holst) is present near the center, and scarps representing a remnant of the eastern basin rim are intact.  The scarps include the highest point on the planet.

The northern part of the basin is within the Derain quadrangle and the southern part is within the Debussy quadrangle.
Football in Pakistan
Football is among the most popular team sports in Pakistan, together with long time number one cricket and field hockey.

Pakistan's current top domestic football league is the Pakistan Premier League, recognised by the AFC as the official national football league. The National Football Challenge Cup is a knock-out competition among Pakistani departmental and government institutions. Football in general is run by the Pakistan Football Federation.

Administrative units of Pakistan
Pakistan is administratively divided into four provinces, one federal territory, and two disputed territories: the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory; and the administrative territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan. As part of the Kashmir conflict with neighbouring India, Pakistan has also claimed sovereignty over the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since the First Kashmir War of 1947–1948. It also has a territorial dispute with India over Junagadh, but has never exercised administrative authority over either regions. All of Pakistan's provinces and territories are subdivided into divisions, which are further subdivided into districts, and then tehsils, which are again further subdivided into union councils.
Mokhtarnameh
Mokhtarnameh (Persian: مختارنامه, lit. 'The Book of Mokhtar') is an Iranian historical epic television series directed by Davood Mirbagheri, based on the life of Al-Mukhtar, a pro-Alid revolutionary based in Kufa, who led an Islamic revolution against the Umayyads in 685 and ruled over most of Iraq for eighteen months during the Second Fitna. Over 140 actors were cast in it. It was originally shot in Persian language, and later dubbed into several languages. The series is one of the most well-received Iranian TV series worldwide, and it is aired on national TV every Muharram month.

Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr
Mu'sab ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Asadi (Arabic: مُصْعَبِ ٱبْن الزُّبَيْرِ ٱبْن الْعَوَّامِ الأَسَدِيّ, romanized: Muṣʿab ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām al-ʾAsadī; died October 691) was the governor of Basra in 686–691 for his brother, the Mecca-based Caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, during the Second Fitna. Mus'ab was a son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Before becoming governor, he led an unsuccessful campaign against Umayyad-held Palestine. He defeated and killed the Pro-Alid revolutionary Mukhtar al-Thaqafi after a series of battles in 687, gaining control over all of Iraq. Complaints from the Iraqis caused his removal from office by his brother, but he was restored shortly after. He was killed by Umayyad forces led by Caliph Abd al-Malik in the Battle of Maskin four years later.
Centralcasting
In terrestrial radio and television broadcasting, centralcasting refers to the use of systems automation by which customised signals for broadcast by multiple individual stations may be created at one central facility.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament
The 2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2014 Women's NCAA tournament. The annual tournament began on March 19 and ended on April 5. All games were played on the campus sites of participating schools. The Tournament was won by the Rutgers Scarlet Knights who defeated the UTEP Miners, 56–54, in the championship game before a sellout crowd of 12,222 at the Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas.

Women's National Invitation Tournament
The Women's National Invitation Tournament (WNIT) is a women's national college basketball tournament. It used to feature both a preseason and postseason version played every year, but the preseason tournament was last held in 2023. It is operated in a similar fashion to the men's college National Invitation Tournament (NIT) and NIT Season Tip-Off. Unlike the NIT, the women's tournament is not run by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), but is an independent tournament. Triple Crown Sports, a company based in Fort Collins, Colorado that specializes in the promotion of amateur sporting events, created the WNIT in 1994 as a preseason counterpart to the then-current National Women's Invitational Tournament (NWIT). After the NWIT folded in 1996, Triple Crown Sports resurrected the postseason version in 1998 under the NWIT name, but changed the following season to the current name.
Carline
Carline is both a surname and a given name. It is a Dutch and German feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Carla, Carolina and Caroline. It is an English surname derived from Carl. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Annie Carline (1862–1945), English painter

George Francis Carline (1855–1920), English painter

Sydney Carline (1888–1929), English artist and teacher

Hilda Carline (1889–1950), English painter

Richard Carline (1896–1980), English artist, arts administrator and writer

Nancy Carline (1909–2004), English painter

Given name:

Carline Bouw (born 1984), Dutch rower

Carline Muir (born 1987), Canadian sprinter

Carline Ray, American jazz instrumentalist and vocalist

Carline van Breugel (born 1994), Dutch politician

Carolina (name)
Carolina is a feminine given name in Italian, English, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Swedish, derived from the masculine name Carolus which is Latin for Charles, generally meaning 'free man' or 'freeholder'.
Outline of Mississippi
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Mississippi:

Mississippi – U.S. state located in the Southern United States, named after the Mississippi River which flows along its western boundary.  The capital is Jackson, which is also the state's largest city. The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, which had been cleared for cotton cultivation in the 19th century.

Government of Mississippi
The Government of Mississippi is the government of the U.S. state of Mississippi. Power in Mississippi's government is distributed by the state's Constitution between the executive and legislative branches. The state's current governor is Tate Reeves. The Mississippi Legislature consists of the House of Representatives and Senate. Mississippi is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd numbered years (others being Kentucky, Louisiana, New Jersey, and Virginia). Mississippi holds elections for these offices every four years in the years preceding Presidential election years.
NICAM
Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM) is an early form of lossy compression for digital audio. It was originally developed in the early 1970s for point-to-point links within broadcasting networks. In the 1980s, broadcasters began to use NICAM compression for transmissions of stereo TV sound to the public.

A-law algorithm
An A-law algorithm is a standard companding algorithm, used in European 8-bit PCM digital communications systems to optimize, i.e. modify, the dynamic range of an analog signal for digitizing. It is one of the two companding algorithms in the G.711 standard from ITU-T, the other being the similar μ-law, used in North America and Japan.

For a given input , the equation for A-law encoding is as follows:

where  is the compression parameter. In Europe, .

A-law expansion is given by the inverse function:

The reason for this encoding is that the wide dynamic range of speech does not lend itself well to efficient linear digital encoding. A-law encoding effectively reduces the dynamic range of the signal, thereby increasing the coding efficiency and resulting in a signal-to-distortion ratio that is superior to that obtained by linear encoding for a given number of bits.
Rockford Township, Illinois
Rockford Township is located in Winnebago County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 178,527 and it contained 78,714 housing units.  It is the largest township, in terms of area, in Illinois. The city of Rockford, along with the villages of Cherry Valley and New Milford are all located in Rockford Township.

Cherry Valley, Illinois
Cherry Valley is a village of 8.72 square miles (22.6 km2) that lies primarily in Winnebago County, Illinois.  Approximately ten percent of the village is within Boone County. The village is within the Rockford, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area, and borders the southeast side of Rockford.  It is also within the Kishwaukee River valley. The population was 2,905 at the 2020 census, down from 3,162 as of the 2010 census.
Shahrzad Mojab
Shahrzad Mojab is an academic activist and professor, teaching at the Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education and Women and Gender Studies Institute, at the University of Toronto. Shahrzad has been living in Canada since 1986 with her lifelong partner, colleague and comrade, Amir Hassanpour, and their son, Salah.

Amir Hassanpour
Amir Hassanpour (Persian: امیر حسن‌پور, Kurdish: ئه‌میر حه‌سه‌نپوور, romanized: Emîr Hesenpûr; 17 November 1943 – 24 June 2017) was an Iranian and Kurdish scholar and researcher.

He was a supporter of Kurdish studies and the rights of national minorities to self-determination.