hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cosmology in the Muslim world
Islamic cosmology is the cosmology of Islamic societies. Islamic cosmology is not a single unitary system, but is inclusive of a number of cosmological systems, including Quranic cosmology, the cosmology of the Hadith collections, as well as those of Islamic astronomy and astrology. Broadly, cosmological conceptions themselves can be divided into thought concerning the physical structure of the cosmos (cosmography) and the origins of the cosmos (cosmogony).

In Islamic cosmology, the fundamental duality is between Creator (God) and creation.

Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji
Nūr al-Dīn ibn Isḥaq al-Biṭrūjī (Arabic: نور الدين ابن إسحاق البطروجي, died c. 1204), known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius, was an Arab astronomer and qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī was the first astronomer to present the concentric spheres model as an alternative to the Ptolemaic system, with the planets borne by geocentric spheres. Another original aspect of his system was proposing a physical cause of celestial motions. His alternative system spread through most of Europe during the 13th century.

The crater Alpetragius on the Moon is named after him.
Arroyo Bayo
Arroyo Bayo is an 8-mile-long (13 km) perennial stream which flows northwest along San Antonio Valley Road (SR 130) east of Mt. Hamilton in the Diablo Range. It is part of the southern Alameda Creek watershed in Santa Clara County, California.

Diablo Range
The Diablo Range is a mountain range in the California Coast Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Coast Ranges in northern California, United States. It stretches from the eastern San Francisco Bay Area at its northern end to the Salinas Valley area at its southern end.
Wiebesia pumilae
Wiebesia pumilae is a fig wasp species in the genus Wiebesia, Family Agaonidae. W. pumilae is the pollinator of Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang (Jelly Fig) and Ficus pumila var. pumila (Creeping Fig). The scientific name was first published as Blastophaga pumilae in 1967 by Hill.

W. pumilae is found in Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. There are three species of pollinators of Ficus pumila: Wiebesia pumilae sp.1, Wiebesia pumilae sp.2, Wiebesia pumilae sp.3.

Blastophaga
Blastophaga is a genus of wasps in the family Agaonidae (fig wasps) which pollinate figs or are otherwise associated with figs, a coevolutional relationship that has been developing for at least 80 million years. Pollinating fig wasps are specific to specific figs. The common fig Ficus carica is pollinated by Blastophaga psenes.

The common figs contain no gall flowers for the reception of wasp eggs, and the Blastophaga female moves from flower to flower, incidentally fertilizing them, but is prevented from depositing her eggs.  Worn out, the wasp perishes.  Any eggs she may have dropped also perish.
Luis Leante
Luis Ramón Leante Chacón (born June 6, 1963, Caravaca de la Cruz), commonly known as Luis Leante, is a Spanish novelist and 	Latin professor.

Leante graduated in Classical Philology from the University of Murcia. He has lived in Alicante since 1992, where he worked as a high school teacher until 2009. He published his first novel at the age of 20, but it was not until 2007, after winning the Alfaguara Prize with his novel See How Much I Love You (in Spanish, Mira si yo te querré), that he began to devote himself entirely to literature. Another of his novels, Red Moon (in Spanish, La luna roja), published in Spain in 2009, is a gripping story between a writer and translator, set in Alicante, Berlin and Istanbul.

Alicante
Alicante or Alacant (officially: Alacant / Alicante) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. With a population of 358,608 as of 2024, it is the 2nd-largest city in the Valencian Community and the 10th-largest in Spain.

Together with Elche (Elx) and other municipalities, Alicante forms a conurbation of nearly 1 million inhabitants.
Panazol
Panazol (French pronunciation: [panazɔl]; Occitan: Panasòu) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France. It is an eastern suburb of Limoges.

Panazol is the third largest town in the department (by population), after Limoges and Saint-Junien. It can be considered as a commuter town.

Théo Sarapo, the singer, actor, and second husband of Édith Piaf died at Limoges on 28 August 1970 on RD 941 at the Panazol exit, direction Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat (Haute-Vienne). His car, a blue Citroen ID19, left the road at high speed and struck a tree the approximate height of Chateau de la Rue. He was removed from the wreckage and rushed to the Limoges hospital, where he died as a result of his injuries at the age of 34. He was buried in Paris at Père-Lachaise cemetery alongside Édith Piaf.

Saint-Junien
Saint-Junien (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒynjɛ̃]; Occitan: Sent Junian) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.  Its sister city is Jumet, Belgium.
Al-Qurayya
Al-Qurayya (Arabic: القريا; also spelled al-Qrayya or Kureiyeh) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Suwayda Governorate, located south of Suwayda. Nearby localities include Bosra to the southwest, Hout to the south, Salkhad to the southeast, al-Kafr, Hibran and Sahwet al-Khudr to the northeast, Sahwet Blatah and Rasas to the north and Ira and al-Mujaymer to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Qurayya had a population of 6,789 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the al-Qurayya nahiyah which consists of four towns with a combined population of 9,892. In Al-Qurayya, Druze make up the predominant population, while Christians and Sunni Muslim Bedouins represent a minority.

Sahwet al-Khudr
Sahwet al-Khudr (Arabic: سهوة الخضر, also spelled Sahwet al-Khidr or Sahwet el-Khodar) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Suwayda District of the Suwayda Governorate, located south of Suwayda. According to the 2004 census, it had a population of 3,625. The village is named after a Byzantine-era church named dedicated to Saint George (known by local Druze as "al-Khudr"). It was resettled by Druze in the mid-19th century after a period of abandonment. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze.
National Common Mobility Card
National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) is a contactless smart card conceived by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ‘One Nation, One Card' vision. It was launched on 4 March 2019. The transit card enables the user to pay for travel, tolls, retail shopping and withdraw money.

It is enabled through the RuPay card mechanism. The NCMC card is issuable as a prepaid, debit, or credit RuPay card from partnered banks such as the State Bank of India, Canara Bank, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, and others.

Contactless smart card
A contactless smart card is a contactless credential whose dimensions are credit card size. Its embedded integrated circuits can store (and sometimes process) data and communicate with a terminal via NFC. Commonplace uses include transit tickets, bank cards and passports.

There are two broad categories of contactless smart cards. Memory cards contain non-volatile memory storage components, and perhaps some specific security logic. Contactless smart cards contain read-only RFID called CSN (Card Serial Number) or UID, and a re-writeable smart card microchip that can be transcribed via radio waves.
White House (Bastrop, Texas)
The White House in Bastrop, Texas, is a one-story Late Victorian cottage built in c.1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

It was listed as part of a study of historic resources in the Bastrop area which listed a number of sites to the National Register.

Bastrop, Texas
Bastrop (/ˈbæstrəp, -trɒp/) is a city and the county seat of Bastrop County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,688 according to the 2020 census.  It is located about 30 mi (48 km) southeast of Austin and is part of the Greater Austin metropolitan area.
Male contraceptive
Male contraceptives, also known as male birth control, are methods of preventing pregnancy by interrupting the function of sperm. The most commonly used forms of male contraception are condoms, vasectomy, and withdrawal, which together represented 20% of global contraceptive use in 2019.  New forms of male contraception are in research and development, but as of 2025, none have achieved regulatory approval for widespread use. They could be available before 2030, assuming smooth development and clinical trials.

These new methods include topical creams, daily pills, injections, long-acting implants, and external devices, with both hormonal and non-hormonal mechanisms of action. Some could even be unisex, or usable by any person, because they could theoretically incapacitate mature sperm in the man's body before ejaculation, or incapacitate sperm in the body of a woman after insemination.

Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARA gene.

NR1B1 is a gene with a protein product and has a chromosomal location of 17q21.2. RARA codes for the nuclear hormone receptor retinoic acid receptor, alpha subtype, a transcription factor. There are another two subtypes of RARs: beta and gamma subtypes.
Petrus Kanisius Ojong
Petrus Kanisius Ojong (25 July 1920 – 31 May 1980), better known as P. K. Ojong, was an Indonesian journalist and businessman who was one of the founders of Kompas Gramedia Group, Indonesia's largest conglomerate and Kompas, one of Indonesia's most circulated daily newspapers, together with Jakob Oetama.

Kompas
Kompas (lit. 'Compass') is an Indonesian national newspaper published in Jakarta, founded on 28 June 1965. It is published by PT Kompas Media Nusantara, which is part of Kompas Gramedia Group. The paper's head office is located at the Kompas Multimedia Towers, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta. It is considered Indonesia's newspaper of record.

The paper manages an online portal, kompas.id, which contains updated news and the digital subscription version of the paper, while Kompas Gramedia also manages another editorially separated portal, kompas.com. Kompas is one of two newspapers in Indonesia audited by the International Federation of Audit Bureau of Circulations.
Falls of Leny
The Falls of Leny are a series of waterfalls in the Trossachs of Scotland on the course of the Garbh Uisge, otherwise known as the River Leny, where the river crosses the Highland Boundary Fault. The falls are located near the Pass of Leny, just north-west of Callander.

Highland Boundary Fault
The Highland Boundary Fault is a major fault zone that traverses Scotland from Arran and Helensburgh on the west coast to Stonehaven in the east. It separates two different geological terranes that give rise to two distinct physiographic terrains: the Highlands and the Lowlands. In most places, it is recognisable as a change in topography. Where rivers cross the fault, they often pass through gorges; the associated waterfalls can be a barrier to salmon migration.

The fault is believed to have formed in conjunction with the Strathmore syncline to the south-east during the Acadian orogeny in a transpressive regime that caused the uplift of the Grampian block and a small sinistral movement on the Highland Boundary Fault.
Gmina Cieszanów
Gmina Cieszanów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Cieszanów, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Lubaczów and 85 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 219.35 square kilometres (84.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,258 (out of which the population of Cieszanów amounts to 1,899, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,359).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Puszcza Solska Landscape Park.

Lubaczów
Lubaczów [luˈbat͡ʂuf] (Ukrainian: Любачів Liubachiv) is a town in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine, with 12,567 inhabitants
Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, it is the capital of Lubaczów County and is located 50 kilometres (31 miles) northeast of Przemyśl.
Mayssa Bastos
Mayssa Bastos (born 23 October 1997) is a Brazilian submission grappler and black belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitor. Bastos has won almost every single major jiu-jitsu tournaments in both Gi and No-Gi. She is the current roosterweight World Champion, World No-Gi Champion, Pan American Champion and the light-featherweight European Champion. She also competes in ONE Championship where she became the ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion.

European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship (also: European Championship or European Open) is the most prestigious and largest Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournament held in Europe by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF). The tournament is an open championship accepting competitors from all countries and is considered one of the most important competitions in the lead-up to the Worlds.
Incentive program
An incentive program is a formal scheme used to promote or encourage specific actions or behavior by a specific group of people during a defined period of time. Incentive programs are particularly used in business management to motivate employees and in sales to attract and retain customers. Scientific literature also refers to this concept as pay for performance.

Business performance management
Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) enterprise performance management (EPM),) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that a business organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals. BPM is associated with business process management, a larger framework managing organizational processes.

It aims to measure and optimize the overall performance of an organization, specific departments, individual employees, or processes to manage particular tasks. Performance standards are set by senior leadership and task owners which may include expectations for job duties, timely feedback and coaching, evaluating employee performance and behavior against desired outcomes, and implementing reward systems. BPM can involve outlining the role of each individual in an organization in terms of functions and responsibilities.
As'ad AbuKhalil
As'ad AbuKhalil (Arabic: أسعد أبو خليل) (born 16 March 1960) is a Lebanese-American professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus. AbuKhalil is the author of Historical Dictionary of Lebanon (1998), Bin Laden, Islam & America's New "War on Terrorism" (2002), and The Battle for Saudi Arabia (2004).

Lebanese Americans
Lebanese Americans (Arabic: أميركيون لبنانيون, romanized: Amrīkiyyūn Lubnāniyyūn) are Americans of Lebanese descent. This includes both native-born Americans and immigrants from Lebanon.

Lebanese Americans comprise 0.79% of the American population, as of the American Community Survey estimations for year 2007, and 32.4% of all Americans who originate from the Middle East. Lebanese Americans have had significant participation in American politics and involvement in both social and political activism.  The diversity within the region sprouted from the diaspora of the surrounding countries. There are more Lebanese outside Lebanon today than within.
Muri Express
The 18101 / 18102 Muri Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways – South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Tatanagar Junction and Jammu Tawi in India.

It operates as train number 18101 from Tatanagar Junction to Jammu Tawi and as train number 18102 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.

Tatanagar Junction railway station
Tatanagar Junction Railway Station, station code TATA, is the main railway station serving the city of Jamshedpur in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is located on the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line of the Indian Railways. It has 6 platforms and handles around 100 trains each day. On 26th February 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually lay the foundation stone for the re-development of the station at cost of ₹335 Crores. GHV Infra Projects Limited has been awarded the tender for Re-development of the Station at a cost ₹284 Crores. Bhoomi Poojan was held on 12th October 2025, involves revamp to G+6 main building, G+3 second entry, increased platforms from 5 to 9.
Economic substance
Economic substance is a doctrine in the tax law of the United States under which a transaction must have both a substantial purpose aside from reduction of tax liability and an economic effect aside from the tax effect in order to qualify for any tax benefits. This doctrine is used by the Internal Revenue Service to determine whether tax shelters, or strategies used to reduce tax liability, are considered "abusive". Under the doctrine, for a transaction to be respected, the transaction must change the taxpayer's economic position in a "meaningful way" apart from the Federal income tax effects, and the taxpayer must have had a "substantial purpose" for entering into the transaction, apart from the Federal income tax effects.

The economic substance doctrine was originally a common law doctrine. The doctrine was codified in subsection (o) of section 7701 of the Internal Revenue Code by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.

Legal doctrine
A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. For example, a doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process, it may become established as the de facto method of deciding like situations.
Warner Robins station
Warner Robins Train Depot is a historic train depot in Warner Robins, Georgia in Houston County, Georgia. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 2, 2008. It is located at 99 North Armed Forces Boulevard, across the street from the main gate of Robins Air Force Base.

It was built during 1943-44 as a combined passenger and freight depot.  It is a one-story brick building.  It was designed with separate waiting areas for white passengers vs. African-American passengers.  In 2007 (and still in 2017) it served as the E.L. Greenway Welcome Center for Warner Robins and the Warner Robins Convention and Visitors' Bureau, and it has a caboose, Mildred's Country Store, the Elberta Depot Heritage Center, and World War II Museum.

Warner Robins, Georgia
Warner Robins (WRB; typically /ˈwɑːrnɜːr ˈrɑːbənz/ wore-nur-RAW-bins) is a city in Houston and Peach Counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the state's 11th-largest incorporated city, with a population of 85,830 according to the World Population Review.

The city is the main component of the Warner Robins metropolitan statistical area, including Houston, Peach, and Pulaski Counties, which had a census population of 201,469 in 2020. It is a component of the Macon–Warner Robins–Fort Valley combined statistical area, with an estimated 2018 population of 423,572. Robins Air Force Base, a U.S. Air Force maintenance and logistics complex that was founded as the Warner Robins Air Depot in 1942, is located east of the city limits. The base's expansion and the suburbanization of nearby Macon have led to the city's growth in the post-World War II era.
The Wicker Man (film series)
The Wicker Man is a series of two horror films directed by  British author and director Robin Hardy. The films are not directly linked to one another, but all deal with the theme of paganism in the modern world.

The 2006 American remake of The Wicker Man is not a part of the series, and Hardy had dissociated himself from it.

The Wicker Man (2006 film)
The Wicker Man is a 2006 folk horror film written and directed by Neil LaBute and starring Nicolas Cage, Ellen Burstyn, Kate Beahan, Frances Conroy, Molly Parker, Leelee Sobieski and Diane Delano. It is a remake and reimagining of the 1973 British film The Wicker Man, and draws very loosely from David Pinner's 1967 novel Ritual.

The film concerns police officer Edward Malus, whose ex-fiancée Willow Woodward informs him that her daughter Rowan has disappeared and asks for his help in her search. When he arrives at the island in the Pacific Northwest where Rowan was last seen, he suspects something sinister about the neo-pagans who live there.

The film was panned by critics and grossed $38.8 million. It has developed a cult following over the years.
Delphi Archaeological Museum
Delphi Archaeological museum (Greek: Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Δελφών) is one of the principal museums of Greece and one of the most visited. It is operated by the Greek Ministry of Culture (Ephorate of Antiquities of Phocis). Founded in 1903, it has been rearranged several times and houses the discoveries made at the Panhellenic sanctuary of Delphi, which date from the Late Helladic (Mycenean) period to the early Byzantine era.

Organised in fourteen rooms on two levels, the museum mainly displays statues, including the famous Charioteer of Delphi, architectural elements, like the frieze of the Siphnian Treasury and ex votos dedicated to the sanctuary of Pythian Apollo, like the Sphinx of Naxos. The exhibition floor space is more than 2270 m2, while the storage and conservation rooms (mosaics, ceramics and metals) take up 558 m2. Visitors are also catered to by an entrance hall, a cafeteria and a gift shop.

Lysippos
Lysippos (/laɪˈsɪpɒs/; Ancient Greek: Λύσιππος) was a Greek sculptor of the 4th century BC. Together with Scopas and Praxiteles, he is considered one of the three greatest sculptors of the Classical Greek era, bringing transition into the Hellenistic period. Problems confront the study of Lysippos because of the difficulty in identifying his style in the copies which survive. Not only did he have a large workshop and many disciples in his immediate circle, but there is understood to have been a market for replicas of his work, supplied from outside his circle, both in his lifetime and later in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.  The Victorious Youth or Getty bronze, which resurfaced around 1972, has been associated with him.
John Hay Library
The John Hay Library (known colloquially as the Hay) is the second oldest library on the campus of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is located on Prospect Street opposite the Van Wickle Gates. After its construction in 1910, the Hay Library became the main library building on campus, replacing the building now known as Robinson Hall. Today, the John Hay Library is one of five individual libraries that make up the University Library. The Hay houses the University Library's rare books and manuscripts, the University Archives, and the Library's special collections.

Shepley Bulfinch
Shepley Bulfinch (Shepley Bulfinch Richardson & Abbott Inc.) is an international architecture, planning, and interior design firm with offices in Boston, Hartford, Houston, and Phoenix. It is one of the oldest architecture firms in continuous practice in the United States, and was recognized by the American Institute of Architects with its highest honor, the AIA Architecture Firm Award, in 1973.

Shepley Bulfinch was formed in Boston in 1874 as the architectural practice of American architect Henry Hobson Richardson. Following Richardson's death in 1886, the firm existed as Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge through 1915, then became Coolidge and Shattuck from 1915 through 1924, Coolidge Shepley Bulfinch and Abbott from 1924 through 1952, and Shepley Bulfinch Richardson and Abbott from 1952.