hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giyesu
Giyesu (Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᡝᡧᡠ, Möllendorff: Giyešu, Abkai: Giyexu; 1645–1697), formally known as Prince Kang, was a Manchu prince and general of the Qing dynasty. Born into the imperial Aisin Gioro clan, he was a distant cousin of the Kangxi Emperor and is best known for leading Qing forces to suppress a rebellion by Geng Jingzhong in southwestern China between 1674 and 1675 and repel an invasion by Taiwan warlord Zheng Jing in 1676–1677.

Nara clan
Nara (Manchu: ᠨᠠᡵᠠ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ, Wade-Giles: nara hala, Chinese: 納喇氏, 納蘭氏 or 那拉氏) is a clan name shared by a number of aristocratic Manchu clans, sometimes also transliterated as Nalan or Nalland. The four tribes of the Hūlun confederation (扈倫四部) – Hada (哈達; Hādá), Ula (烏拉; Wūlā), Hoifa (輝發; Huīfā) and Yehe (葉赫; Yèhè) – were all ruled by clans bearing this name.

The head of each clan held the princely title of "beile" (貝勒).

During the Jin dynasty, Nara was listed as one of the noble "white clans" (白號姓氏).

Nar is the Mongolian word for "sun". In Mongolia, the sun is associated to Genghis Khan as the nara tamga is the main tamga attributed to him.
Heracleides of Ephesus
Heracleides (Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλείδης) was a sculptor of Ephesus, and the son of Agasias. His name is inscribed, with that of Harmatius, on the restored statue of Ares in the Louvre in Paris. It cannot be said with certainty whether his father, Agasias, was the celebrated Ephesian sculptor of that name, but it seems probable that he was.

Agasias, son of Menophilus
Agasias (Ancient Greek: Ἀγασίας), son of Menophilus was an Ancient Greek sculptor from Ephesus. He was possibly the cousin of Agasias, son of Dositheus, sculptor of the Borghese Gladiator. He is mentioned in a Greek inscription, from which it appears that he exercised his art in Delos while that island was under Roman sway; probably some time about 100 BC. He probably sculpted a striking figure of a warrior now in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens.
Aeroportos do Paraná (SEIL)
Aeroportos do Paraná (English: Airports of Paraná) is the department of airports infrastructure of the state of Paraná in Brazil. Aeroportos do Paraná was originally part of the Secretaria de Estado de Transportes do Estado do Paraná (English: Transportation Secretariat of the State of Paraná), but state law 16,841/2011 created the Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Logística (English: Infrastructure and Logistics Secretariat), which became then responsible for the operational support of 35 public airports within the state, in partnership with the Municipalities where they are located, and in accordance to directives from the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC).

National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil
The National Civil Aviation Agency (Portuguese: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil, ANAC) is the Brazilian civil aviation authority, created in 2005. It is headquartered in the Edifício Parque Cidade Corporate in Brasília. A part of the Brazilian Secretariat of Civil Aviation, the agency raised from the former Department of Civil Aviation (DAC) and the Civil Aviation Certification Division (Aeronautical Technical Center - CTA), the Brazilian aircraft certification authority. ANAC is responsible for regulating and overseeing civil aviation activities, aeronautics and aerodromes infrastructure.
Drosera neesii
Drosera neesii, the jewel rainbow is an erect or twining perennial tuberous species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera. It is endemic to Western Australia and grows near swamps or granite outcrops in sand, clay, or laterite. D. neesii produces small, cup-shaped carnivorous leaves in groups of three along stems that can be 15–60 cm (6–24 in) high. Pink flowers bloom from August to December.

Drosera neesii was first described by Johann Georg Christian Lehmann in 1844. The first infraspecific taxon was described when George Bentham reduced D. sulphurea to a variety, a decision which was later reversed. Then in 1982, N. G. Marchant described a new subspecies, D. neesii subsp. borealis, which is only found in the species' northern range.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".
Chater Road
Chater Road (Chinese: 遮打道) is a three-lane road in Central, Hong Kong. It begins at its intersection with Pedder Street and Des Voeux Road Central in the west, and ends at Murray Road in the east. It divides Statue Square into southern and northern sections.

Murray Road
Murray Road (Chinese: 美利道) is a road in Hong Kong. It is sometimes considered a boundary between Admiralty and Central. Along with a few other places in the area, it was named after Sir George Murray, a soldier and politician from Scotland.
Chris Shuptrine
Chris Shuptrine (born June 28, 1985) is an American author and humorist. He has held recurring humor columns for many local newspapers, including the University of Virginia's The Cavalier Daily and The Declaration, Charlottesville's The Daily Progress, and Greater Boston's Dig Boston.

Most recently, he is an Amazon published author. His first book was entitled, Work Survival Guide: Secret Tips to the Job Search, Working, and Other Activities Best Done Naked.

Notable influences include Dave Barry, Andy Rooney, Calvin Trillin, and Italo Calvino.

Christopher Lee Shuptrine was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, to John Shuptrine and Kelly Shuptrine. He moved to Lynchburg, Virginia at age four. He earned a bachelor of arts in English from the University of Virginia in 2008. He currently lives in Boston, Massachusetts.

He is also the creator of Post-Grad Pre-Dad, a humor series dedicated to adults in their twenties.

Andy Rooney
Andrew Aitken Rooney (January 14, 1919 – November 4, 2011) was an American radio and television writer who was best known for his weekly broadcast "A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney", a part of the CBS News program 60 Minutes from 1978 to 2011. His final regular appearance on 60 Minutes aired on October 2, 2011; he died a month later at the age of 92.
Exidia glandulosa
Exidia glandulosa is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. In the UK, it has the recommended English name of witch's butter. In North America it has variously been called black witches' butter, black jelly roll, or warty jelly fungus. The gelatinous basidiocarp (fruit bodies) are up to 3 cm (1.2 in) wide, shiny, black and blister-like, and grow singly or in clusters.

It is a common wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached branches of oak.

Auriculariaceae
The Auriculariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 100 species are known worldwide. All are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.
Keinton Mandeville
Keinton Mandeville, commonly referred to as Keinton, is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on top of Combe Hill, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Castle Cary. The village has a population of 1,215. It is located next to Barton St David.

The village is well known for its history of quarrying and Blue Lias stone which is found locally in the region, as well as the birth of Henry Irving, the first actor to be knighted. A blue plaque is placed in high street where he was born to commemorate him.

Castle Cary
Castle Cary (/ˌkɑːsəl ˈkɛəri/) is a market town and civil parish in south Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) north west of Wincanton and 8 miles (12.9 km) south of Shepton Mallet, at the foot of Lodge Hill and on the River Cary, a tributary of the Parrett.
A Curious Collection of Cats
A Curious Collection of Cats: Concrete Poems is a 2009 Children's poetry collection by Betsy Franco and illustrated by Michael Wertz. It is made up of concrete poems in various forms, including haiku, limerick, and free verse, that highlight various aspects of cat behaviour.

Concrete poetry
Concrete poetry is an arrangement of linguistic elements in which the typographical effect is more important in conveying meaning than verbal significance. It is sometimes referred to as visual poetry, a term that has now developed a distinct meaning of its own. Concrete poetry relates more to the visual than to the verbal arts although there is a considerable overlap in the kind of product to which it refers. Historically, however, concrete poetry has developed from a long tradition of shaped or patterned poems in which the words are arranged in such a way as to depict their subject.
2009–10 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball team
The 2009–10 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball team represented St. John's University during the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Norm Roberts in his sixth year at the school. St. John's home games are played at Carnesecca Arena and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Big East Conference.

On March 30, 2010, Steve Lavin was announced as the team's new head coach, replacing Norm Roberts, who was fired after six seasons as head coach.

Norm Roberts
Norman Roberts (born July 21, 1965) is a former men's college basketball coach who was most recently an assistant coach at the University of Kansas. He also is the former head coach at St. John's University.
Ioannis Rallis
Ioannis Rallis (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ. Ράλλης; 1878 – 26 October 1946) was the third and last collaborationist prime minister of Greece during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, holding office from 7 April 1943 to 12 October 1944, succeeding Konstantinos Logothetopoulos in the Nazi-controlled Greek puppet government in Athens.

Prime Minister of Greece
The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Πρωθυπουργός της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, romanized: Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), usually referred to as the prime minister of Greece (Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδας, Prothypourgós tis Elládas), is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek Cabinet.

The officeholder's official seat (but not residence) is the Maximos Mansion in the centre of Athens. After the Presidency of the Government (Προεδρία της Κυβερνήσεως, Proedría tis Kyverníseos) was established, the office is referred to either as Prime Minister or President of the Government (Πρόεδρος της Κυβερνήσεως, Próedros tis Kyverníseos).
Scotchfort, Prince Edward Island
Scotchfort (46º21'N, 62º55'W) is an unincorporated Canadian rural community in northeastern Queens County, Prince Edward Island, southwest of the village of Mount Stewart.

Primarily a farming community on the west bank of the upper Hillborough River, it also contains the reserve Scotchfort 4 which is administered as part of the Abegweit First Nation of the Mi'kmaq.

Abegweit First Nation
Abegweit First Nation is a First Nations government located on Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Originally part of Lennox Island First Nation, its headquarters is at Scotchfort, known as Skaqmk. This is the location of a historic Míkmaq portage route connecting Mimtugaak (on the Hillsborough River) to Kadotpichk (on Savage Harbour). This First Nation comprises three reserves: Morell 2, Rocky Point 3 and Scotchfort 4.
Until Dawn: Rush of Blood
Until Dawn: Rush of Blood is a virtual reality rail shooter game developed by Supermassive Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment, released on 13 October 2016 worldwide for PlayStation VR headset on PlayStation 4. It is a direct spin-off from Until Dawn and features the player riding a horror-themed roller coaster while shooting at inanimate objects and live enemies.

Rail shooter
Rail shooter, also known as on-rails shooter, is a subgenre of shoot 'em up video game. Beginning with arcade games such as the 1985 Space Harrier, the gameplay locks the player character into a set path, only allowing for limited or no divergence from it, in a manner similar to a theme park dark ride, which is typically on train tracks. While moving on this path, players must aim and shoot enemies while dodging projectiles and avoiding damage.

Many rail shooters feature a flying protagonist or ship. Some take place while walking, running or driving. While rail shooters saw a resurgence on the Wii due to its Wii Remote control scheme, new games in the genre are considered a rarity in the modern day, although many games of other genres contain rail shooter segments.
Wena Poon
Wena Poon (方慧娜, born 1974) is a lawyer and novelist based in the United States. She writes English-language fiction. Her work has been seen by academics in the UK, US and Singapore as representative of the transnationalism of her generation.

Sixty-Six Books
Sixty-Six Books was a set of plays premiered at the Bush Theatre, London, in 2011, to mark the theatre's reopening on a new site and the 400th anniversary of the King James Version. It drew its title from the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. The special show ran from 10 October 10 to 29 October 2011, with special 24-hour shows on 15 and 29 October; the production featured 130 actors, including Miranda Raison, Ralf Little, Billy Bragg, and Rafe Spall.
Georges Suarez
Georges Suarez (8 November 1890 – 9 November 1944), was a French writer, essayist, journalist, and jurist. Initially a pacifist during the rise of Nazi Germany, he later became a right-wing journalist and collaborator. He had been editor of Aujourd'hui, a French newspaper controlled by the Third Reich after the resignation of the writer Henri Jeanson. Suarez was also the biographer of Philippe Pétain, and other figures of the French Third Republic. He was the first journalist sentenced to death during the Épuration légale.

Bertrand de Jouvenel
Bertrand de Jouvenel des Ursins (French pronunciation: [bɛʁtʁɑ̃ də ʒuvnɛl dez‿yʁsɛ̃]; 31 October 1903 – 1 March 1987) was a French philosopher, political economist, and futurologist. He taught at the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the University of Manchester, Yale University, the University of Chicago, the University of California, Berkeley and at the Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.
Jazz (Henri Matisse)
Henri Matisse’s Jazz is a limited-edition art book containing prints of colorful cut-paper collages, accompanied by the artist's written thoughts. It was first issued on 30 September 1947 by the art publisher Tériade. The portfolio, characterized by vibrant colors, poetic texts, and circus and theater themes, marks Matisse's transition to a new medium.

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.
ISO 3166-2:GS
ISO 3166-2:GS is the entry for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The territory has no defined subdivisions.

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code GS.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
2015 Tampere Open
The 2015 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 34th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Tampere, Finland, on 20–26 July 2015.

2015 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2015 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2015 edition of the second tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Crow Creek Indian Reservation
The Crow Creek Indian Reservation (Dakota: Khąǧí wakpá okášpe, Lakota: Kȟaŋğí Wakpá Oyáŋke), home to Crow Creek Sioux Tribe (Dakota: Khąǧí wakpá oyáte or Húŋkpathi Oyáte) is located in parts of Buffalo, Hughes, and Hyde counties on the east bank of the Missouri River in central South Dakota in the United States. It has a land area of 421.658 square miles (1,092.09 km2) and a 2000 census population of 2,225 persons. The major town and capital of the federally recognized Crow Creek Sioux Tribe is Fort Thompson.

The town is located adjacent to the Big Bend Dam, which holds back Big Bend Reservoir (also known as Lake Sharpe), one of the four Missouri Mainstem reservoirs constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the Pick-Sloan Plan. Authorized in 1944 for flood control and hydropower, the dam and lake were completed in the 1960s.

Dakota language
The Dakota language (Dakota: Dakhód'iapi or Dakȟótiyapi), also referred to as Dakhóta, is a Siouan language spoken by the Dakota people of the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, commonly known in English as the Sioux. Dakota is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language.
Manganese germanide
Manganese germanide (MnGe) is an intermetallic compound, a germanide of manganese. Its crystals have a cubic symmetry with no inversion center, they are therefore helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.

Germanide
A germanide is any binary compound of germanium and a more electropositive element. The composition of most germanides is analogous to that of the corresponding silicides and does not follow formal valence rules. The germanides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, are readily decomposed by water and acids to give germanium hydrides; most germanides of the transition metals resist the action of acids and alkalies. The main method of producing germanides is the melting or sintering of the components.

The IUPAC Red Book uses the name germide(4−) for compounds containing Ge4− and instead uses the term germanide (or trihydridogermanate(1-)) for the GeH−3 anion.
Grotrian (crater)
Grotrian is a lunar impact crater that is located on the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the north of the huge walled plain Schrödinger, within the radius of that formation's outer blanket of ejecta. The long Vallis Planck formation begins just to the north of Grotrian, and continues to the north-northwest towards Pikel'ner.

The outer wall of this crater forms a very nearly circular shape, with the smaller crater Hawke across the southern rim breaking up the symmetry. The interior surfaces form relatively smooth slopes that continue down to the material deposited across the bottom. Apart from Hawke and a small crater on the northern edge of the rim, this formation has not been significantly eroded by subsequent impacts.

Pikelʹner (crater)
Pikelʹner is an impact crater on the Moon's far side, named for the Russian astronomer Solomon Pikelner. It lies to the southeast of the larger crater Van der Waals, and to the north of the Vallis Planck cleft. Pikelʹner overlies more than half of the satellite crater Pikelʹner Y to the north. Almost contacting the southwestern outer rim of Pikelʹner is a larger concentric crater formation with the smaller crater of the pair, Pikelʹner S, along the northern edge of the pair.

The outer rim of Pikelʹner is well-defined with little erosion, giving it the appearance of a relatively young feature. The interior floor is somewhat uneven, possibly due to deposits of ejecta or fall-back material. It is free of impacts of note within the interior.
Altnau railway station
Altnau railway station (German: Bahnhof Altnau) is a railway station in Altnau, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is an intermediate stop on the Lake line and is served as a request stop by local trains only.

St. Gallen S-Bahn
The St. Gallen S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn St. Gallen) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail in Eastern Switzerland and neighbouring areas. The network connects stations in the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Grisons, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Thurgau and Zurich, as well as a few stations in Austria (Bregenz, Vorarlberg) and Germany (Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg and Lindau, Bavaria). Some services also operate as part of the Bodensee S-Bahn.

Services are operated by Appenzeller Bahnen (AB), Südostbahn (SOB), and Thurbo. Within Switzerland and until Konstanz, services operate within the Tarifverbund Ostwind (Ostwind fare network)  of northeastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
Whitney immersion theorem
In differential topology, the Whitney immersion theorem (named after Hassler Whitney) states that for , any smooth -dimensional manifold (required also to be Hausdorff and second-countable) has a one-to-one immersion in Euclidean -space, and a (not necessarily one-to-one) immersion in -space. Similarly, every smooth -dimensional manifold can be immersed in the -dimensional sphere (this removes the  constraint).

The weak version, for , is due to transversality (general position, dimension counting): two m-dimensional manifolds in  intersect generically in a 0-dimensional space.

William S. Massey
William Schumacher Massey (August 23, 1920 – June 17, 2017) was an American mathematician, known for his work in algebraic topology. The Massey product is named for him. He worked also on the formulation of spectral sequences by means of exact couples, and wrote several textbooks, including A Basic Course in Algebraic Topology (ISBN 0-387-97430-X).
Finiteness properties of groups
In mathematics, finiteness properties of a group are a collection of properties that allow the use of various algebraic and topological tools, for example group cohomology, to study the group. It is mostly of interest for the study of infinite groups.

Special cases of groups with finiteness properties are finitely generated and finitely presented groups.

Presentation complex
In geometric group theory, a presentation complex is a 2-dimensional cell complex associated to any presentation of a group G.  The complex has a single vertex, and one loop at the vertex for each generator of G.  There is one 2-cell for each relation in the presentation, with the boundary of the 2-cell attached along the appropriate word.