hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First-in-class medication
A first-in-class medication is a prototype drug that uses a "new and unique mechanism of action" to treat a particular medical condition. While the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research tracks first-in-class medications and reports on them annually, first-in-class is not considered a regulatory category. Although many first-in-class medications qualify as breakthrough therapies, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies and/or orphan drugs, first-in-class status itself has no regulatory effect.

Breakthrough therapy
Breakthrough therapy is a United States Food and Drug Administration designation that expedites drug development that was created by Congress under Section 902 of the 9 July 2012 Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. The FDA's "breakthrough therapy" designation is not intended to imply that a drug is actually a "breakthrough" or that there is high-quality evidence of treatment efficacy for a particular condition; rather, it allows the FDA to grant priority review to drug candidates if preliminary clinical trials indicate that the therapy may offer substantial treatment advantages over existing options for patients with serious or life-threatening diseases. The FDA has other mechanisms for expediting the review and approval process for promising drugs, including fast track designation, accelerated approval, and priority review.
Endangered (Grimm)
"Endangered" is the 19th episode of season 2 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 41st episode overall, which premiered on April 30, 2013, on NBC. The episode was written by Spiro Skentzos, and was directed by David Straiton. The episode and the rest of the episodes of the season were broadcast on Tuesday nights.

Grimm season 2
The second season of the NBC American supernatural drama series Grimm premiered on August 13, 2012, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm.
Mozart's Twelfth Mass, K. Anh. 232
Mozart's Twelfth Mass is a commonly used title for a setting of the mass formerly attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Under this title, which was given to it by an English publisher, the piece attained great popularity in the 19th century and contributed to Mozart’s reputation. Today the piece is generally attributed to Wenzel Müller.

Ludwig Ritter von Köchel
Ludwig Ritter von Köchel (German: [ˈkœçəl]; born Ludwig Alois Friedrich Köchel; 14 January 1800 – 3 June 1877) was an Austrian musicologist, writer, composer, botanist, and publisher. He is best known for cataloguing the works of Mozart and originating the 'KV-numbers' by which they are known (KV for Köchel-Verzeichnis).
Bobby Fish
Robert Anthony Fish (born October 27, 1976) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to Major League Wrestling (MLW). He is best known for his tenure with WWE, where he performed on the NXT brand and was a member of The Undisputed Era.

In WWE, he is a former two-time NXT Tag Team Champion alongside his tag team partner Kyle O'Reilly. He is also known for his time with All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2021 to 2022 and Ring of Honor (ROH) from 2014 to 2017, where he wrestled as one-half of the tag team reDRagon (also with O'Reilly) and held the ROH World Tag Team Championship three times and the ROH World Television Championship once. He made appearances in Japan, both for Pro Wrestling Noah and for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he held the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship twice.

Super Junior Tag League
The Super Junior Tag League is a professional wrestling tag team tournament held by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

Established in 2010, but  preceded by the G1 Climax Junior Heavyweight Tag League in 2001 (won by El Samurai and Jushin Thunder Liger), it is the junior heavyweight equivalent of the World Tag League for heavyweight tag teams. From 2010 to 2017, it was named the Super Junior Tag Tournament and followed a single-elimination format, before becoming the Super Junior Tag League in 2018, switching to a round-robin format. Since the tournament's inception, there were two years where the tournament did not take place—in 2011 and 2020 (due to major changes to NJPW's schedule during the COVID-19 pandemic). the winning team traditionally earns the right to challenge for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship at the following year's Wrestle Kingdom, assuming the team does not hold the title at the time of their victory.
Early history of private equity
The early history of private equity relates to one of the major periods in the history of private equity and venture capital. Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital experienced growth along parallel although interrelated tracks.

The origins of the modern private equity industry trace back to 1946 with the formation of the first venture capital firms. The thirty-five-year period from 1946 through the end of the 1970s was characterized by relatively small volumes of private equity investment, rudimentary firm organizations and limited awareness of and familiarity with the private equity industry.

The Wendy's Company
The Wendy's Company is an American fast food corporation and the holding company for Wendy's and First Kitchen. Originally founded as the Deisel-Wemmer Company, it is headquartered in Dublin, Ohio. The company's principal subsidiary, Wendy's International, is the franchisor of Wendy's restaurants.
Transmission congestion
In power engineering, transmission congestion occurs when overloaded transmission lines in an electrical grid are unable to carry additional electricity flow due to the risk of overheating. During grid congestion, the transmission system operator (TSO) has to direct the providers to adjust their dispatch levels to accommodate the constraint. In an electricity market a power plant may be able to produce electricity at a competitive price but cannot transmit the power to a willing buyer. Congestion increases the electricity prices for some customers.

Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. Power engineering draws the majority of its theoretical base from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.
Geology of the Grand Teton area
The  geology of the Grand Teton area consists of some of the oldest rocks and one of the youngest mountain ranges in North America. The Teton Range, partly located in Grand Teton National Park, started to grow some 9 million years ago. An older feature, Jackson Hole, is a basin that sits aside the range.

The 2.5 billion year old metamorphic rocks that make up the east face of the Tetons are marine in origin and include some volcanic deposits. These same rocks are today buried deep inside Jackson Hole. Paleozoic rocks were deposited in warm shallow seas while Mesozoic deposition transitioned back and forth from marine to non-marine sediments with the Cretaceous Seaway periodically covering the area late in that era.

Lakes of Grand Teton National Park
There are 44 named and countless unnamed lakes in Grand Teton National Park. The largest of these is Jackson Lake, a natural glacial lake that has been enlarged with the construction of the Jackson Lake Dam. The lakes range in size as well as ease of access. In addition to mountain tarns, there are several large peidmont lakes. Nearly all the lakes are glacial in origin, formed by glacial action that carved out the valleys and left moraine behind that acted as dams to lock in water.

The lakes exist in the near pristine wilderness environment of the park, and recreational use, boating and fishing varies by lake. Elevation of the region classes these as alpine lakes, with Jackson lake being the largest alpine lake in the United States.
S. Saiduzzaman
S. Saiduzzaman is an Indian politician, belonging to Indian National Congress. In the 1999 election he was elected to the Lok Sabha from Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency). He was elected to the 9th Uttar Pradesh Assembly from Morna (Assembly constituency). He also served as the Minister of State for Home Affairs in N. D. Tiwari and Vir Bahadur Singh cabinet.

N. D. Tiwari
Narayan Datt Tiwari (18 October 1925 – 18 October 2018) was an Indian politician who served as the 9th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and 3rd Chief Minister of Uttaranchal (later Uttarakhand) from 2002 to 2007. He was the first Indian Chief Minister who served for two states. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, a former member of the Praja Socialist Party and the Indian National Congress. He joined the Bhartiya Janata Party in 2017.

He was a three-time Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1976–77, 1984–85, 1988–89) and to date remains the last Congress CM of Uttar Pradesh. He also served once as Chief Minister of Uttarakhand (2002–2007). Between 1986 and 1988, he served in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet, first as Minister for External Affairs and then as Minister of Finance. He served as Governor of Andhra Pradesh from 2007 until 2009, when he resigned due to health and personal reasons.
Harold Lavine
Harold Lavine (1915-1984) was an American journalist and editor, best known as senior editor at Newsweek magazine, as well as his book co-authored with James Wechsler called War Propaganda and the United States (1940).

Commentary (magazine)
Commentary is a monthly American magazine on religion, Judaism, Israel, politics, and social and cultural issues. It is headed by John Podhoretz. Founded by the American Jewish Committee in 1945 under Elliot E. Cohen, editor from 1945 to 1959, Commentary magazine developed into the leading post-World War II journal of Jewish affairs. It strove to construct a new American Jewish identity while processing the events of the Holocaust, the formation of the State of Israel, and the Cold War. Norman Podhoretz edited the magazine from 1960 to 1995.

Besides its coverage of cultural issues, Commentary provided a voice for the anti-Stalinist left. As Podhoretz shifted from a liberal Democrat to neoconservatism in the 1970s and 1980s, he moved the magazine with him to the right and toward the Republican Party.
Zhangye West railway station
Zhangye West railway station (simplified Chinese: 张掖西站; traditional Chinese: 張掖西站; pinyin: Zhāngyē Xī Zhàn) is a railway station located in China's Gansu Province, Zhangye City, Ganzhou District. It was put into operation on December 26, 2014. It serves the Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway with High Speed services between Lanzhou and Urumqi and conventional services connecting Urumqi to various cities in Eastern and South Western China. It is the second railway station serving Zhangye, with Zhangye railway station which serves the conventional LanXin Railway.

Zhangye railway station
Zhangye railway station is located 6.4 km north east of Zhangye, Gansu. It handles about 49 passenger services per day along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang Railway as well as being a major freight depot.

The platforms are all low level servicing 3 tracks, one alongside the station building and two more along an island platform reached via a footbridge.
Zinovy Rozhestvensky
Zinovy Petrovich Rozhestvensky (Russian: Зиновий Петрович Рожественский, tr. Zinoviy Petrovich Rozhestvenskiy; November 11 [O.S. October 30] 1848 – January 14, 1909) was a Russian admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.  He was in command of the Second Pacific Squadron in the Battle of Tsushima, during the Russo-Japanese War.

Under Admiral Rozhestvensky's command, the Russian navy accomplished a feat of steaming an all-steel, coal-powered battleship fleet over 18,000 miles (29,000 km) one way to engage an enemy in decisive battle (the Battle of Tsushima, which ended in a disastrous defeat of the Russian force.) The  Knyaz Suvorov, one of four brand-new battleships of the French-designed Borodino class, was his flagship for the voyage to the Pacific.

United States Naval Institute
The United States Naval Institute (USNI) is a private non-profit military association that offers independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences. The Naval Institute is based in Annapolis, Maryland.

Established in 1873, the Naval Institute claimed "almost 50,000 members" in 2020, mostly active and retired personnel of the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. The organization also has members in over 90 countries.

The organization has no official or funding ties to the United States Naval Academy or the United States Navy, though it is based on the grounds of the Naval Academy through permission granted by a 1936 Act of Congress.
Edict of Toleration (Hawaii)
An Edict of Toleration was decreed by King Kamehameha III of Hawaii on June 17, 1839, which allowed for the establishment of the Hawaii Catholic Church. The religious traditions of ancient Hawaii were preferred by Kings Kamehameha and Kamehameha II, with the Catholic Church being suppressed in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Later, during the regency of Kaahumanu and the child king Kamehameha III, the Congregational church was the preferred Christian denomination. Kamehameha III issued the edict under the threat of force by the French government, as the French were seeking to protect the work of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. The 1840 Constitution later enshrined religious liberty. Under this threat from the French, King Kamehameha III paid $20,000 in compensation for the deportation of priests and the incarceration and torture of converts.

1840 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom
The 1840 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom titled  Ke Kumukānāwai a me nā Kānāwai o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina, 1840 was the first fully written constitution for the Hawaiian Kingdom. Overall, this version of the Constitution of Hawaiʻi established a constitutional monarchy subjecting even the king to certain principles of democracy.
Chęciny and Kielce Landscape Park
Chęciny and Kielce Landscape Park (Chęcińsko-Kielecki Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in south-central Poland, established in 1996, covering an area of 205.05 square kilometres (79.17 sq mi).

The Park lies within Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship: in Jędrzejów County (Gmina Małogoszcz, Gmina Sobków) and Kielce County (Gmina Chęciny, Gmina Piekoszów, Gmina Sitkówka-Nowiny).

Within the Landscape Park are seven nature reserves.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
David Ing
David Ing (born 1957) is a Canadian systems scientist, business architect, management consultant, and marketing scientist. He served as president of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (2011-2012).

Ing was employed by IBM Canada from 1985 to 2012, with assignments as a management consultant, solution architect, industry sales specialist and headquarters planner.

David Ing, Antony Upward , and Peter H. Jones cofounded Systems Thinking Ontario at the end of 2012. This is a transdisciplinary group that has convened open monthly discussions across universities in the Toronto area for over five years.

In 2018, he published a book, Open Innovation Learning: Theory building on open sourcing while private sourcing based on doctoral research at the Aalto University School of Science.   A foreword to the volume was contributed by Jim Spohrer.

C. West Churchman
Charles West Churchman  (29 August 1913 – 21 March 2004) was an American philosopher and systems scientist, who was Professor at the School of Business Administration and Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his pioneering work in operations research, system analysis and ethics.
ALS Limited
ALS Limited (ASX: ALQ) is a company headquartered in Brisbane, Australia, which provides testing, inspection, certification, and verification services out of over 370 sites across 65 countries. In 2012, the company was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
William Lind (orienteer)
William Lind (born 12 February 1985) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. At the 2016 World Orienteering Championships in Strömstad he won a bronze medal in relay with the Swedish team, along with Gustav Bergman and Fredrik Bakkman. He won his first individual medal in the 2017 long championships in Estonia, receiving a bronze medal behind Norwegian Olav Lundanes and Russian runner Leonid Novikov.

Olav Lundanes
Olav Lundanes (born 11 November 1987) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor, hailing from Ålesund. He has won gold medal at the World Orienteering Championships ten times and the European Orienteering Championships four times. He competes for Halden SK.
Osterfeld
Osterfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈoːstɐˌfɛlt] ⓘ) is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated southeast of Naumburg. It is part of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Wethautal. On 1 January 2010 it absorbed the former municipalities Goldschau, Heidegrund and Waldau.

Naumburg
Naumburg (German: [ˈnaʊmbʊɐ̯k] ⓘ) is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis, in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany. It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. This UNESCO designation recognizes the processes that shaped the European continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization, the so-called "Landesausbau"  and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period.
Shenango Valley Mall
Shenango Valley Mall was a shopping mall in Hermitage, Pennsylvania, United States. It opened on March 13, 1968, and was closed on May 31, 2024, shortly after the closure of its final anchor store, JCPenney. It was demolished from January to February 2025, and is set to be redeveloped into a mixed-use commercial development named Hickory Fields.

Hermitage, Pennsylvania
Hermitage is a city in western Mercer County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 16,230 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Mercer County. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Youngstown and about 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Pittsburgh. It is the principal city of the Hermitage micropolitan area, which includes all of Mercer County.
D'Olier Street
D'Olier Street (/dəˈlɪər/ duh-LEER; Irish: Sráid D'Olier) is a street in the southern city-centre of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. It and Westmoreland Street are two broad streets whose northern ends meet at the southern end of O'Connell Bridge over the River Liffey. Its southern end meets Fleet Street, Townsend Street, College Street and Pearse Street.

Pearse Street
Pearse Street (Irish: Sráid an Phiarsaigh) is a major street in Dublin. It runs from College Street in the west to MacMahon Bridge in the east, and is one of the city's longest streets. It has several different types of residential and commercial property along its length.
Liocanthydrus armulatus
Liocanthydrus armulatus is a species of water beetle in the family Noteridae. It is only known from the state of Bolívar, Venezuela.

Liocanthydrus armulatus measure 3.1–3.15 mm (0.122–0.124 in) in total length. The type series was collected from a stream margin.

Noteridae
Noteridae is a family of adephagan water beetles closely related to the Dytiscidae, and formerly classified with them. They are mainly distinguished by the presence of a distinctive "noterid platform" underneath, in the form of a plate between the second and third pair of legs. The family is found worldwide, more commonly in the tropics. They are sometimes referred to as burrowing water beetles.

These beetles are relatively small, ranging from 1 to 6 mm, with smooth oval bodies ranging from light brown to a darker reddish brown. The head is short and somewhat covered by the prothorax.

Both adults and larvae are aquatic, and are commonly found around plants. They have a habit of burrowing through pond and marsh substrate, thus the common name, and are primarily carnivorous, with some scavenging observed.
Wind Breaker (manga)
Wind Breaker (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Satoru Nii that began serialization on Kodansha's Magazine Pocket manga website in January 2021. As of December 2025, the series' individual chapters have been collected in 24 tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation produced by CloverWorks aired from April to June 2024. A second season aired from April to June 2025. A live-action film adaptation was released in Japan in December 2025.

Heterochromia
Heterochromia is a variation in coloration most often used to describe color differences of the iris, but can also be applied to color variation of hair or skin. Heterochromia is determined by the production, delivery, and concentration of melanin (a pigment). It may be inherited, or caused by genetic mosaicism, chimerism, disease, or injury. It occurs in humans and certain breeds of domesticated animals.