hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
F. O. Oertel
Friedrich Oscar Oertel (9 December 1862 – 22 February 1942) was a German-born British engineer, architect, and archaeologist. He is best known among Indian art historians and archaeologists for having excavated the archaeological site of Sarnath (India, Uttar Pradesh) in the winter of 1904–1905. It was here that in March 1905 he unearthed the Lion Capital of Ashoka of an Ashokan pillar, which was to become the national emblem of India. However, probably because he was mainly involved as a civil engineer and architect in the Public Works Department, his contributions to the fields of art history and archaeology are largely overlooked in the historiography of South Asian art and archaeology.

Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, commonly known as the Royal Asiatic Society, was established, according to its royal charter of 11 August 1824, to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of science, literature and the arts in relation to Asia."  From its incorporation the society has been a forum, through lectures, its journal, and other publications, for scholarship relating to Asian culture and society of the highest level.  It is the United Kingdom's senior learned society in the field of Asian studies. Fellows of the society are elected regularly and include highly accomplished and notable scholars of Asian studies; they use the post-nominal letters FRAS.
Scholia Sinaitica
The Scholia Sinaitica are fragments of a work of Roman law written in Greek, dating between 438 and 529 AD, containing comments to the books 35-38 of Ulpian's ad Sabinum treatise.

The papyrus fragments that show parts of the work were discovered by the Greek scholar Gregorios Bernardakis in the 19th century in a Mount Sinai convent.

The scroll is not the work of a single author, but of different authors at different times who are generally thought to be of Eastern origin. The literature suggests that the authors were connected to the Law School of Berytus, they cite numerous works of Roman jurists, texts from imperial constitutions and also the Codex Gregorianus, the Codex Hermogenianus and the Codex Theodosianus, demonstrating knowledge and availability of legal texts of Roman law broader than that demonstrated by contemporary authors of the western part of the empire.

Codex Gregorianus
The Codex Gregorianus (Eng. Gregorian Code) is the title of a collection of constitutions (legal pronouncements) of Roman emperors over a century and a half from the 130s to 290s AD. It is believed to have been produced around 291–294 but the exact date is unknown.
Swimming at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 15 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House in Toronto, Canada. The defending Pan American Games champion is the United States.

This race consisted of sixteen lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed four lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.

Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on 19 October at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center. The defending Pan American Games champion is the team from Brazil (Thiago Pereira, Rodrigo Castro, Nicolas Oliveira and Lucas Salatta).

This race consisted of sixteen lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed four lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.
Patsy Healey
Patsy Healey OBE FBA FAcSS (née Ingold; 1 January 1940 – 7 March 2024) was a British urban planner. She was professor emeritus at Global Urban Research Unit in the School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, at Newcastle University. She was a specialist in planning theory and practice, with a particular focus on strategic spatial planning for city regions and in urban regeneration policies. She was Senior Editor of Planning Theory and Practice journal, jointly published by TandF and the RTPI.

She was the daughter of the mycologist Cecil T. Ingold.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for housing, communities, and local government in England. It was established in May 2006 and is the successor to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, established in 2001. The department shares its headquarters building, at 2 Marsham Street in London, with the Home Office.

There are corresponding departments in the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive, responsible for communities and local government in their respective jurisdictions.
Adoration of the Magi (Memling)
The Adoration of the Magi is an oil on panel triptych by Hans Memling, painted in 1479–1480, though Max Jakob Friedländer places it in 1470. It is now in the Prado Museum in Madrid, which acquired it in 1847. It is also known as the Prado Triptych.

Its central panel measures 147.5 cm by 96 cm. The central scene shows the Adoration of the Magi, flanked by panels of the Nativity and the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. Its choice and treatment of themes links it to the c. 1455 Saint Columba Altarpiece, the 1479 Jan Floreins Altarpiece and the c.1462 Hulin de Loo Altarpiece.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
German submarine U-557
German submarine U-557 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 6 January 1940, launched on 22 December 1940 and commissioned on 13 February 1941. Oberleutnant zur See Ottokar Arnold Paulssen was in command throughout her career. For her first three war patrols her 2nd Watch Officer was Herbert Werner, who later wrote the memoir of U-boat service, Iron Coffins. She sank six merchant ships and one warship, a total of 31,729 gross register tons (GRT) and 5,220 tons over four patrols.

She was rammed and sunk by mistake by an Italian torpedo boat on 16 December 1941 west of Crete.

Operation Rheinübung
Operation Rheinübung (German: Unternehmen Rheinübung) was the last sortie into the Atlantic by the new German battleship Bismarck and heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen on 18–27 May 1941, during World War II. This operation aimed to disrupt Allied shipping to the United Kingdom as the previously successful Operation Berlin had done. After Bismarck had sunk HMS Hood during the Battle of the Denmark Strait (24 May), it culminated with the sinking of the Bismarck (27 May), while Prinz Eugen escaped to port in occupied France. 
From that point on, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) would rely only on U-boats to wage the Battle of the Atlantic.
Frida Nilsson
Frida Nilsson (born 1979) is a Swedish children’s writer whose first book was published in 2004. She has won numerous international shortlistings and prizes, including the August Prize, the German Youth Literature Prize, Expressens Heffaklump (2015) and the Astrid Lindgren Prize. She was recently chosen as one of the best emerging writers in Europe under 39 (Hay Festival’s Aarhus 39, 2017). Nilsson’s writing is characterised by playfulness and sincerity. She has been compared to Roald Dahl and Barbro Lindgren.

Barbro Lindgren
Barbro Lindgren (born 18 March 1937) is a Swedish writer of children's literature and books for adult readers. For her lasting contribution as a children's writer, Lindgren was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2004. Ten years later, she won the annual Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award. The biggest cash prize in children's and young-adult literature, it rewards a writer, illustrator, oral storyteller, or reading promoter for its entire body of work.
Caseless ammunition
Caseless ammunition (CL), or caseless cartridge, is a configuration of weapon-cartridge that eliminates the cartridge case that typically holds the primer, propellant and projectile together as a unit. Instead, the propellant and primer are fitted to the projectile in another way so that a cartridge case is not needed, for example inside or outside the projectile depending on configuration.

Caseless ammunition is an attempt to reduce the weight and cost of ammunition by dispensing with the case, which is typically precision made of brass or steel, as well as to simplify the operation of repeating guns by eliminating the need to extract and eject the empty case after firing. Its acceptance has been hampered by problems with production expenses, heat sensitivity, sealing, and fragility. Its use to date has been mainly limited to prototypes and low-powered guns, with some exceptions.

Projectile
A projectile is an object that is propelled by the application of an external force and then moves freely under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Although any objects in motion through space are projectiles, they are commonly found in warfare and sports (for example, a thrown baseball, kicked football, fired bullet, shot arrow, a ball from a cannon, stone released from catapult).

In ballistics, mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectories through launch, flight, and impact.
Bugøynes
Bugøynesⓘ (Norwegian), Buođggák (Northern Sami), or Pykeijä (Kven) is a fishing village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county in northeastern Norway. The village is situated along the Varangerfjorden which is a vast bay off the Barents Sea (a part of the Arctic Ocean), near the border with Russia. The village is situated some 500 km (310 mi) north of the Arctic Circle, with nearly 230 inhabitants. The village is populated by many Finnish-speaking residents, leading to the village being referred to as Lille-Finland or "Little Finland".

Varangerfjord
The Varangerfjord (English: Varanger Fjord; Russian: Варангер-фьорд, Варяжский залив; Finnish: Varanginvuono; Northern Sami: Várjavuonna) is the easternmost fjord in Norway, north of Finland. The fjord is located in Finnmark county between the Varanger Peninsula and the mainland of Norway.

Economy: There are six fish farming facilities (as of 2025); They use 12,000 tons of feed.
Ban Nampo
Ban Nampo is a village in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, not far from the eastern bank of the Nam Song River. The Nam Po River flows into the Nam Song to the south. To the north is the village of Pak Pok.

Ban Pakpo
Ban Pakpo, also Pak Pok or Pakpo, is a village in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, not far from the eastern bank of the Nam Song River. To the northwest of the village is the Tham Pha Thao cave and the Tham Sang Triangle of four caves.
Aqsis
Free and open-source software portal

Aqsis is a free rendering suite compliant with the RenderMan standard. It is available under the BSD, previously under GPL. Its main author and project manager is Paul Gregory.

The Aqsis project consists of a renderer, shader compiler and a few other supporting components. Like the original PRMan from Pixar, it is an implementation of the Reyes rendering algorithm, which is famous for its high speed and efficiency in handling even very large scenes, and has good support for displacement shaders. Like many other open source projects, Aqsis is hosted on SourceForge and is in continuous and active development.

Because of its Reyes heritage, Aqsis lacks some advanced global illumination features like ray tracing, although active efforts are underway to support some such features. Its current stable version is 1.8.2.

The MakeHuman project uses Aqsis to produce realistic renderings of the human body.

MakeHuman
MakeHuman is a free and open source 3D computer graphics middleware designed for the prototyping of photorealistic humanoids. It is developed by a community of programmers, artists, and academics interested in 3D character modeling.
Electoral district of Cleveland
Cleveland was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1992 to 2017.

Based in the northern part of Redland City Council, the district included the suburbs of Wellington Point, Ormiston, Cleveland and Thornlands. It also covers the entirety of North Stradbroke Island.

In the 2017 electoral redistribution, the Electoral Commission of Queensland changed the name of the electorate to Oodgeroo.

Electoral Commission of Queensland
The Electoral Commission of Queensland (ECQ) is established under the Electoral Act 1992 as an independent statutory authority, responsible for the impartial conduct of state and local government elections in Queensland.
Acraga philetera
Acraga philetera is a moth in the family Dalceridae. It was described by William Schaus in 1910. It is found in Costa Rica.

The wingspan is about 22 mm. The body is orange and the forewings are orange, darkest on the inner margin. The hindwings are orange with the costal margin broadly whitish yellow. The underside is paler.

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
Doliche (Commagene)
Dülük, also known as Dolikhe or Doliche (Ancient Greek: Δολίχη; Armenian: Տլուք, romanized: Tlukʿ), or Tulupa, is an ancient city located in the Şehitkamil district of Gaziantep, in the neighborhood that bears the same name. Dülük is considered the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in Türkiye. Artifacts from the Copper Age have been discovered here, along with evidence of some of the earliest known mathematical calculations.

Throughout history, the city changed hands numerous times, being ruled in succession by the Hittites, Medes, Assyrians, Persians, and Alexander the Great. The foundation of a nearby city, Antiochia ad Taurum (present-day Gaziantep), gradually diminished Dülük’s importance, leading to its current form.

Euphratensis
Euphratensis (Latin for "Euphratean"; Ancient Greek: Εὑφρατησία, Euphratēsía), fully Augusta Euphratensis, was a late Roman and then Byzantine province in Syrian region, part of the Byzantine Diocese of the East.
Rogale, Ełk County
Rogale [rɔˈɡalɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Juchy, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located in the region of Masuria. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Stare Juchy, 14 km (9 mi) west of Ełk, and 110 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village was historically known in Polish also as Rogale Wielkie. Under Nazi Germany, it was renamed Gahlen to erase traces of Polish origin.

Stare Juchy
Stare Juchy [ˈstarɛ ˈjuxɨ] is a village in Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stare Juchy. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Ełk and 111 km (69 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Louisiana Highway 94
Louisiana Highway 94 (LA 94) is a state highway located in southern Louisiana.  It runs 8.00 miles (12.87 km) in an east–west direction from the junction of U.S. Highway 90 (US 90) and U.S. Highway 167 (US 167) in Lafayette to LA 328 in Breaux Bridge.

The highway connects Lafayette, the parish seat and the largest city in Lafayette Parish, with the small city of Breaux Bridge in neighboring St. Martin Parish.  The entire route parallels Interstate 10 (I-10), which is located an average of about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the north and continues eastward toward Baton Rouge, the state capital.  LA 94 is also signed as an alternate route to I-10 when the interstate is closed due to traffic accidents or construction work.  Though it is a distinct east-west route, the signage for LA 94 carries no directional banners.

Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Lafayette Parish (French: Paroisse de Lafayette) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the parish had a population of 241,753, up from 221,578 at the 2010 United States census. The parish seat and largest city is Lafayette. The parish was founded in 1823. Since 1996, the city and parish have operated as a consolidated government.
Anglo-Powhatan Wars
The Anglo–Powhatan Wars were three wars fought between settlers of the Colony of Virginia and the Powhatan People of Tsenacommacah in the early 17th century. The first war started in 1609 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614. The second war lasted from 1622 to 1632. The third war lasted from 1644 until 1646 and ended when Opechancanough was captured and killed. That war resulted in a defined boundary between the Native Americans and colonial lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass. This situation lasted until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation which established Indian reservations following Bacon's Rebellion.

Nansemond
The Nansemond are the Indigenous people of the Nansemond River, a 20-mile-long tributary of the James River in Virginia. Nansemond people lived in settlements on both sides of the Nansemond River where they fished (with the name "Nansemond" meaning "fishing point" in Algonquian), harvested oysters, hunted, and farmed in fertile soil. Today, Nansemond people belong to the federally recognized Nansemond Indian Nation.

Gradually pushed off their lands in the colonial and following periods, the Nansemond struggled to maintain their culture. They reorganized in the late 20th century and gained state recognition from Virginia in 1985. They gained federal recognition in 2018 after Congress passed a bill. Many members of the tribe still live on former ancestral lands in Suffolk, Chesapeake, and surrounding cities.
Kwang Soo Kim
Kwang Soo Kim is a South Korean professor of chemistry, an adjunct professor in physics, and the director of Center for Superfunctional Materials (CSM), of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in South Korea.

Kim was named a National Scientist of the Republic of Korea by South Korea's Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in 2010.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (July 1893) and the American Chemical Journal (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model.
Rainadevi Chhahara Rural Municipality
Rainadevi Chhahara Rural Municipality (Nepali :रैनादेवी छहरा गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Palpa District in Lumbini Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, with the implementation of the new local administrative structure, VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Rainadevi Chhahara is one of these 753 local units.The previous Siddeshwor, Somadi, Bhuwanpokhari, Chhahara, Mujhung, Juthapauwa, Baldengadhi and Satyawati VDCs were merged to form Rainadevi Chhahara Rural Municipality.

Palpa District
Palpa District (Nepali: पाल्पा जिल्लाListenⓘ, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Tansen as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,373 km2 (530 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of  245,027.

Palpa District is not far from Pokhara and easily reached by bus.  Palpa was the seat of the Hindu Sen kingdom that ruled over this region from the 16th century for almost 300 years so the headquarter of Palpa is called "Tansen" (Nepali: तानसेन).
Piyeh
Piyeh (Persian: پيه, also Romanized as Pīyeh) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 6 families.

Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Jonubi Rural District
Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي گرمسيرئ جنوبي) is in the Central District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kat. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Likak.
Godziszów, Silesian Voivodeship
Godziszów is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, close to the border with the Czech Republic. The village lies in the Silesian Foothills, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

Gmina Goleszów
Gmina Goleszów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Its seat is the village of Goleszów.

The gmina covers an area of 65.89 square kilometres (25.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 13,160.
Arthur Pieck
Arthur Pieck (28 December 1899 – 13 January 1970) was a German politician, typesetter and translator. He was a committed political activist who became a stage and movie actor and, later, a Communist party official. He topped off his varied career, between 1955 and 1960, as a senior director - ultimately General Director - of Interflug, the East German national airline. After this he served, between 1960 and 1965, as a junior Transport Minister.

Arthur Pieck's father, Wilhelm Pieck, served as the President of East Germany between 1949 and 1960.

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of anti-war members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), from the left of the party as well as the centre and the right. The organization attempted to chart a course between electorally oriented reformism on the one hand and Bolshevik revolutionism on the other. After several splits and mergers, the last part of the organization was terminated in 1931 through merger with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).