hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plastic shopping bag
In use by consumers worldwide since the 1960s, shopping bags made from various kinds of plastic, are variously called plastic shopping bags, carrier bags, or plastic grocery bags. They are sometimes referred to as single-use bags—referring to carrying items from a store to a home—although, it is rare for bags to be worn out after single use, and in the past some retailers (like Tesco and Sainsbury's in the United Kingdom) incentivised customers to reuse 'single use' bags by offering loyalty points to those doing so. Even after they are no longer used for shopping, reuse of these bags for storage or trash is common, and modern plastic shopping bags are increasingly recyclable or compostable - at the Co-op for example. In recent decades, numerous countries have introduced legislation restricting the provision of plastic bags, in a bid to reduce littering and plastic pollution.

Some reusable shopping bags are made of plastic film, fibers, or fabric.

Disposable product
A disposable (also called disposable product) is a product designed for a single use after which it is recycled or is disposed as solid waste. The term is also sometimes used for products that may last several months (e.g. disposable air filters) to distinguish from similar products that last indefinitely (e.g. washable air filters). The word "disposables" is not to be confused with the word "consumables", which is widely used in the mechanical world. For example, welders consider welding rods, tips, nozzles, gas, etc. to be "consumables", as they last only a certain amount of time before needing to be replaced. Consumables are needed for a process to take place, such as inks for printing and welding rods for welding, while disposable products are items that can be discarded after they become damaged or are no longer useful.
Saccharibacter floricola
Saccharibacter floricola is an osmophilic acetic acid bacterium first isolated from pollen. It is Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped, with type strain S-877T (=AJ 13480T =JCM 12116T =DSM 15669T). It is the type species of its genus.

Acetic acid bacteria
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during fermentation. The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genera in the family Acetobacteraceae. Several species of acetic acid bacteria are used in industry for production of certain foods and chemicals.
Plant anatomy
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure. Plant anatomy is now frequently investigated at the cellular level, and often involves the sectioning of tissues and microscopy.

Plant cell
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or centrioles, except in the gametes, and a unique method of cell division involving the formation of a cell plate or phragmoplast that separates the new daughter cells.
Robert Christopher Tytler
Robert Christopher Tytler (25 September 1818 – 10 September 1872) was a British soldier, naturalist and photographer. His second wife Harriet C. Tytler is well known for her work in photographing and documenting the monuments of Delhi and for her notes at the time of the 1857 revolt in India. Mount Harriet in the Andamans was named after her. A species of bird, Tytler's leaf warbler, is named after him.

Felice Beato
Felice Beato (c. 1832 – 29 January 1909), also known as Felix Beato, was an Italian–British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and one of the first war photographers as well as a pioneer of travel photography. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, and views and panoramas of the architecture and landscapes of Asia and the Mediterranean region. Beato's travels gave him opportunities to create images of countries, people, and events unfamiliar and remote to most people in Europe and North America. His works provide images of such events as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Second Opium War, and represent the first substantial body of photojournalism. He influenced other photographers; and his impact in Japan, where he taught and worked with numerous other photographers and artists, was particularly deep and lasting.
Profen (drug class)
The profens are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.  Profens are also known as 2-arylpropionic acids to reflect their chemical structure.  The most common example of a profen is ibuprofen, which has been sold under the brand name Profen among others.

Other drugs in the class include:

Alminoprofen

Benoxaprofen

Carprofen

Dexibuprofen

Dexketoprofen

Fenoprofen

Flunoxaprofen

Flurbiprofen

Indoprofen

Ketoprofen

Loxoprofen

Miroprofen

Naproxen

Pelubiprofen

Pirprofen

Pranoprofen

Suprofen

Tarenflurbil

Tiaprofenic acid

Vedaprofen

Zaltoprofen

Zaltoprofen
Zaltoprofen (JAN; trade name Soleton) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent.  It is a selective COX-2 inhibitor and also inhibits bradykinin-induced pain responses without blocking bradykinin receptors.

It was approved for use in Japan in 1993.
2013 Keio Challenger
The 2013 Keio Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Yokohama, Japan between 11 and 17 November 2013. Mathew Ebden was the tournament champion over Go Soeda.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
2021–22 Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball team represented the University of Evansville in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Purple Aces were led by head coach Todd Lickliter in his second full season at Evansville and played their home games at the Ford Center in Evansville, Indiana as members of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC). They finished the season 6–24, 2–16 in MVC play, to finish in last place. They lost to Valparaiso in the first round of the MVC tournament.

2021–22 Valparaiso Beacons men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Valparaiso Beacons men's basketball team represented Valparaiso University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Beacons, led by sixth-year head coach Matt Lottich, played their home games at the Athletics–Recreation Center as members of the Missouri Valley Conference.

Formerly nicknamed the Crusaders, the university dropped that name and associated mascot and logos in 2021 because of the "negative connotation and violence associated with the Crusader imagery," and because of its use by certain hate groups. The school announced on August 10, 2021, that its athletic teams would officially be known as Beacons effective immediately.
Algerites
Algerites is middle Cretaceous (Cenomanian) anisoceratid ammonoid with a close-coiled adult shell in which the whorls at that stage are in close contact, after starting off with openly coiled whorls, and in which every rib (a character of the family) has a pair of sharp ventral tubercles.

Algerites, which is found in North Africa, named for the country of Algeria, is thought to be derived from Idiohammites, also an anisoceratid.  It (Algerites) differs from Allocrioceras in that the later whorls come together in close contact whereas in the latter they remain apart.

The Anisoceratidae to which this genus is assigned is included in the diverse heteromorphic superfamily Turrilitoidea.

Anisoceratidae
Anisoceratidae is an extinct family of heteromorph ammonites which belong to the Ancyloceratina superfamily Turrilitoidea. Members of the family range is from the lower Albian to the upper Turonian.  The family is possibly derived from a member of the Hamitidae.
2002 Budapest Grand Prix
The 2002 Budapest Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Budapest, Hungary that was part of the Tier V category of the 2002 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 15 April until 21 April 2002. Unseeded Martina Müller won the singles title and earned $16,000 first-prize money.

2002 WTA Tour
The 2002 Sanex WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2002 tennis season. The WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Tier I-V Events, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF) and the year-end championships.

New tournaments created for the 2002 season included the Proximus Diamond Games in Antwerp, Belgium; a new green clay event, the Sarasota Clay Court Classic, in Sarasota, U.S.; and the Nordea Nordic Light Open held in Espoo, Finland. Another new tournament was created to be held in Aarhus, Denmark, but was later cancelled. Also, the French Community Championships moved cities from Knokke-Heist to Brussels, and the Kroger St. Jude Championship was moved from Oklahoma City, U.S. to a new location in Memphis.
Olivier Blanchard
Olivier Jean Blanchard (French: [blɑ̃ʃaʁ]; born 27 December 1948) is a French economist and professor. He is Robert M. Solow Professor Emeritus of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor of Economics at the Paris School of Economics, and as the C. Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

C. Fred Bergsten
C. Fred Bergsten (born April 23, 1941) is an American economist, author, think tank entrepreneur, and policy adviser. He has served as assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger within the National Security Council and as assistant secretary for international affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. He was the founding director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, until 2006 the Institute for International Economics, which he established in 1981 and led through 2012. In addition to his academic work, he has been an influential public commentator and advisor to the American and global economic policy community, writing for influential periodicals such as Foreign Affairs magazine
and by writing numerous books.
Conniver Stakes top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Conniver Stakes (1969-present), an American Thoroughbred Stakes race for fillies and mares three years-old and up at 7 furlongs run on dirt at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland.

Laurel Park (race track)
Laurel Park, formerly Laurel Race Course, is an American thoroughbred racetrack located just outside Laurel, Maryland which opened in 1911.  The track is 1+1⁄8 miles in circumference. Its name was changed to "Laurel Race Course" for several decades until returning to the "Laurel Park" designation in 1994.

In April 2024 the Maryland General Assembly approved a bill that would consolidate thoroughbred racing in Maryland to Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. Laurel Park is expected to host the 2026 Preakness Stakes, and was then to permanently close for racing once renovations at Pimlico were completed. In January 2026, Maryland officials announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase Laurel Park from the Stronach Group for $50 million, with plans to convert it into a horse training center.
George W. Tennant
George Woolsey Tennant (born March 7, 1882, Manistee, Michigan; died February 15, 1953, Manistee, Mich.) served as chief steward in the Byrd Antarctic Expedition.  In 1928, on the first stage of the expedition, he served in the galley on expedition vessel City of New York.  Then, with other expedition members, he overwintered as the cook at Little America.  In 1931, he was one of 81 recipients of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal.

Tennant Peak, in the Rockefeller Mountains, was discovered on January 26, 1929.  Expedition commander Richard E. Byrd named the peak after George Tennant.

Richard E. Byrd
Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an American naval officer, and pioneering aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics. Aircraft flights in which he served as a navigator and expedition leader crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and a segment of the Antarctic Plateau. He is also known for discovering Mount Sidley, the largest dormant volcano in Antarctica.

Byrd claimed to be the first to reach both the North and South Poles by air. However, there is some controversy as to whether he was actually the first person to reach the North Pole. It is generally believed that the distance he claimed to have flown was longer than the possible fuel range of his airplane.

He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration, and the Navy Cross, the second highest honor for valor given by the U.S. Navy.
Maghdan, Bastak
Maghdan (Persian: مغدان, also Romanized as Maghdān; also known as Māgdūn, Maghdūn, and Māqdūn) is a village in Harang Rural District, Kukherd District, Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 377, in 88 families.

Harang Rural District
Harang Rural District (Persian: دهستان هرنگ) is in Kukherdharang District of Bastak County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Harang, which merged with the village of Kukherd to become the city of Kukherdharang.
2024 Schwaben Open
The 2024 Schwaben Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Augsburg, Germany between 20 and 25 May 2024.

Schwaben Open
The Schwaben Open by Great2Stay is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Augsburg, Germany since 2019, replacing the IsarOpen.
Għar Għerduf catacombs
The Għar Għerduf catacombs at Ta' Kerċem, also known as Għar Gerduf, are the only surviving early Christian catacombs or paleochristian hypogea in Gozo, Malta. Għar Għerduf is a unique Roman burial site in Gozo, which has for centuries attracted the attention of scholars interested in Maltese archaeology. The site was visited by erudite visitors who often included a description of the place as they did for Ġgantija and the Xagħra Stone Circle.

Hypogeum
A hypogeum or hypogaeum (/ˌhaɪpəˈdʒiːəm/ HY-pə-JEE-əm; plural hypogea or hypogaea; literally meaning "underground") is an underground temple or tomb.

Hypogea will often contain niches for cremated human remains or loculi for buried remains. Occasionally tombs of this type are referred to as built tombs.

The term hypogeum can also refer to any antique building or part of building built below ground such as the series of tunnels under the Colosseum which held slaves (particularly enemy captives) and animals while keeping them ready to fight in the gladiatorial games. The animals and slaves could be let up through trapdoors under the sand-covered arena at any time during a fight.
Sign Guy Dudley
Lou D'Angeli (born August 19, 1972) is an American marketing professional and retired professional wrestling manager. He is director of marketing and public relations for Cirque du Soleil in Las Vegas, as well as the vice president of marketing for Anthem Entertainment. He is best known for his time performing as a manager in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based professional wrestling promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling from 1995 to 2001 under the ring names Sign Guy Dudley and Lou E. Dangerously.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1988
Germany was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1988 with the song "Lied für einen Freund", composed by Ralph Siegel, with lyrics by Bernd Meinunger, and performed by Maxi & Chris Garden. The German participating broadcaster on behalf of ARD, Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), selected their entry through a national final. Maxi & Chris Garden had finished second in the 1987 national final.

Ralph Siegel
Ralph Siegel (born 30 September 1945) is a German record producer and songwriter. Siegel is one of the most notable figures at the Eurovision Song Contest, in which he has participated with 24 songs so far, among them the 1982 winner song Ein bisschen Frieden.
Tuen Mun Hospital
Tuen Mun Hospital is a district general hospital in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. It construction began in 1979, and it was inaugurated on 8 March 1990. It is governed by the Hospital Authority, and it is main public hospital in West and North of New Territories, It is main part of New Territories West Cluster.

Hospital Authority
The Hospital Authority is a statutory body managing all the government hospitals and institutes in Hong Kong. It is under the governance of its board and is under the monitor of the Secretary for Health of the Hong Kong Government. Its chairman is Henry Fan.
Guatemala at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Guatemala competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008. In what was the country's fourteenth Summer Olympics (and fifteenth Olympics including the Winter Olympics) since its debut at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. A total of twelve athletes competed in nine sports and twelve distinct events. It was the lowest number of participants for Guatemala since the 1980 Games in Moscow, USSR. Three of the twelve athletes were taking part in their second Olympics, and one of them, race walker Luis García, participated in his fourth. In any event that involved a progression through rounds (track and field, swimming, etc.), the Guatemalan athletes did not advance past the first round; as of the Beijing Olympics, there had yet to be a Guatemalan medalist. At the opening ceremony, badminton player Kevin Cordón bore Guatemala's flag.

Juan Carlos Romero (sport shooter)
Juan Carlos Romero Arribas (born October 12, 1963) is a Guatemalan sport shooter. Romero made his official debut for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he placed twenty-sixth in men's skeet, with a score of 118 points, tying his position with five other shooters including British-born Cypriot Antonis Nikolaidis.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Romero competed again for the second time in men's skeet, where he placed thirty-fifth overall, with a score of 117 points, tying his position with four other shooters including forty-two-year-old Michael Schmidt, Jr of the United States.

Romero made a comeback from his eight-year absence at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the third time in men's skeet shooting. He finished only in twenty-sixth place for the two-day qualifying rounds, with a total score of 111 points.
Betause
Betause (died 327) was a 4th-century Bishop of Reims.

Of Greek origin, he was the nephew of Pope Eusebius, the son of his sister.
He was ordained fourth bishop of Rheims by Pope Miltiades in 312AD and attended the Council of Arles of 314 with his deacon, Primogenite. He is listed in the council records as from "the first province of Belgium".

By 314AD, Betause had built a new cathedral because until then, the Christians in Reims had only a small building and a cemetery outside the city. The new church was dedicated to the Holy Apostles.

He asked Pope Sylvester I to transfer the seat of the bishopric to Reims which was moved under Saint Nicaise. This church was destroyed at the end of the 18th century.

He also built the Saint-Christophe chapel where saint Rémi  was later buried. Betause died in 327.

Saint Remigius
Remigius (French: Remy or Rémi; c. 437 – 13 January 533) was the Bishop of Reims and "Apostle of the Franks". On 25 December 496, he baptised Clovis I, King of the Franks. The baptism, leading to about 3000 additional converts, was an important event in the Christianization of the Franks. Because of Clovis's efforts, a large number of churches were established in the formerly pagan lands of the Frankish empire, establishing a Nicene Christianity for the first time in Germanic lands, most of whom had been converted to Arian Christianity.
2004 OFC Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2004 OFC Men's Olympic Football Tournament, the fourth edition of the OFC Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament, offered the winning Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) national under-23 side a place to compete at the quadrennial Summer Olympic Games. This was the second time that Australia and New Zealand co-hosted the qualifying tournament with them previously hosting the second round of the 1988 edition.

Ten teams competed in the 2004 edition with the teams being separated into two groups of five with the winner of each group to face off in the final. Australia and New Zealand would be the teams that qualified for the final with Australia winning the tie in two-legs to book a spot at the 2004 Olympics Games which was being held in Greece.

OFC Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The OFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament is a tournament held once in four years' time to decide the only qualification spot for Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and representatives at the Olympic Games. Unlike other continent, winner of OFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament does not giving away any trophy.
2022 North American and Caribbean Senior Club Championship
The 2022 North American and Caribbean Senior Club Championship was the third edition of the North American and Caribbean Senior Club Championship which is a qualifying tournament for the 2022 IHF Men's Super Globe. It was held in Monterrey, Mexico from 25 to 30 July 2022.

2022 IHF Men's Super Globe
‌The 2022 IHF Men's Super Globe was the 16th edition of the yearly club world championship in handball, held from 18 to 23 October 2022 in Dammam, Saudi Arabia under the aegis of the International Handball Federation (IHF). It was the third time in history that the event was organised by the Saudi Arabian Handball Federation.

SC Magdeburg defeated Barcelona in the final to defend their title.