hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glenn Dugdale
Glenn Dugdale (born 2 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

A ruckman, Dugdale came to North Melbourne from Doncaster Heights, along with his brother Dean Dugdale. Their father, club secretary John Dugdale, was a former North Melbourne captain and seven-time leading goalkicker.

Dugdale made 23 appearances for North Melbourne, from 1981 to 1984. Two of his teammates in 1981, David Dench and Ken Montgomery, had also played in the same side as his father.

He later played in the Victorian Football Association for Brunswick.

Ken Montgomery
Ken Montgomery (born 5 January 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for North Melbourne in the VFL.

A reliable half back flanker, with an unusual kicking style, Montgomery was a winning premiership player with North Melbourne in 1977, having missed out on their finals matches for the previous two years. He won the 1972 Syd Barker Medal for the club's best and fairest player and also represented Victoria in 1978. Montgomery's father, grandfather and cousin also represented the North Melbourne Football Club. Ken Montgomery was one of the youngest players to play a senior game with North Melbourne, when in 1968 he played when he was 16 years old. In later years he was in an administrative role at the club. He lives in Echuca where he operates a houseboat company called Murray River Houseboats.
Lord's Resistance Army insurgency (1987–1994)
The period from 1986 to 1994 of the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is the early history of the ongoing insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebel group in Uganda, which has been described as one of the most under-reported humanitarian crises in the world.  The Lord's Resistance Army was formed in early 1987 out of the conflict following the successful rebellion of the National Resistance Army (NRA), though remained a relative small group through the counterinsurgency of the NRA. As the peace talks initiated by Minister Betty Bigombe failed Sudanese support to the LRA intensified the conflict.

Acholi people
The Acholi people (/əˈtʃoʊ.li/ ə-CHOH-li, also spelled Acoli) are a Nilotic ethnic group of Luo peoples (also spelled Lwo), found in Magwi County in South Sudan and Northern Uganda (an area commonly referred to as Acholiland), including the districts of Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo, Pader and Omoro District. The Acholi living in Uganda were estimated to number 1.9 million people in 2024 and over 45,000 more were living in South Sudan in 2000.
Craigmillar
Craigmillar (from Gaelic Creag a' Mhaol Àird, "rock of the bare summit") is an area of Edinburgh, Scotland, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south east of the city centre, with Duddingston to the north and Newcraighall to the east.

Duddingston
Duddingston Village is a historic conservation village in east Edinburgh, situated beside Holyrood Park and Duddingston Loch. It is characterised by a high concentration of traditional and period homes and is widely regarded as an affluent area. It should not be confused with the wider Duddingston area, which extends beyond the village and continues down towards Portobello
1990 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1990 New Zealand rugby league season was the 83rd season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand. The main feature of the year was the National Provincial Competition that was won by Auckland.

Auckland rugby league team
The Auckland rugby league team is the team which traditionally represents all of the clubs which play in the Auckland Rugby League competition. As well as a senior men's team there are also Auckland representative teams throughout the various age groups such as under 15s, under 17s, under 19s and under 21s.

Under the new zone scheme introduced in 2010 the Auckland team represents the North Shore, East Auckland and West Auckland, while South Auckland is represented by the Counties Manukau rugby league team. The zone team is named the Akarana Falcons.
Military settlement
Military settlements (Russian: Военные поселения) were a special organization of the Russian military forces in 1810–1857, which allowed the combination of military service and agricultural employment. This organization turned out to be a failure, with the exception of the area of Caucasus Mountains, where the settlers played their role in defense against the incursions of belligerent local peoples, and after the insurgency was sufficiently suppressed, the settlers joined the local Cossack hosts.

Running the gauntlet
"Running the gauntlet" refers to taking part in a form of corporal punishment in which one or more individuals is forced to run between two rows of people who attack them with weapons. Metaphorically, the term is also used to convey a public trial that one must overcome.
Hammond's rice rat
Mindomys hammondi, also known as Hammond's rice rat or Hammond's oryzomys, is an endangered species of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. Formerly considered to be related with Nectomys, Sigmodontomys, Megalomys, or Oryzomys, it is now placed in then genus Mindomys, but its relationships remain obscure; some evidence supports a placement near Oecomys or as a basal member of Oryzomyini.

Mindomys hammondi is known only from Ecuador, where it occurs in montane forest; a record from the Amazon basin lowlands is dubious. Reportedly, it lives on the ground and is associated with water; others suggest it lives in trees. A large, long-tailed, and long-whiskered rat, its fur is buff above and abruptly lighter below. The front part of the skull (rostrum) is heavily built.

The species is named after the collector who first found it, Gilbert Hammond. He supplied natural history specimens to Oldfield Thomas and others.

Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
George N. Leighton
George Neves Leighton (born George Neves Leitão; October 22, 1912 – June 6, 2018) was an American judge who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. He was known for taking cases related to housing, voting, and jury service, especially if these cases were directly impacted by injustice, particularly racism.

Illinois State Bar Association
The Illinois State Bar Association (ISBA) is among the largest voluntary state bar associations in the United States. Approximately 28,000 lawyers are members of the ISBA. Unlike some state bar associations, in which membership is mandatory, ISBA membership is not required of lawyers licensed to practice in Illinois and ISBA membership is completely voluntary. The ISBA is headquartered in Springfield, Illinois.  It also has an office in Chicago, Illinois.
Waldorf-Astoria Cigar Company
Waldorf-Astoria Cigar Company (also Waldorf-Astoria Segar Company) was the cigar company of the original Waldorf–Astoria Hotel in Manhattan, New York City. Its headquarters were located in the building's basement on the Fifth Avenue. The humidors were situated in a lower basement, as was the company's Cuban cigar stock. Its value was estimated between US$300,000-$400,000. Waldorf-Astoria Cigar Company and its contemporaries, such A. Schulte and Robert E. Lane, grew out of the local competition caused by the large volume of sales and uniform business methods of the United Cigar Stores. Life Magazine advertised that the first shipment of the LA SAVOIE brand of Havana cigars ever made to the US was made to the Waldorf-Astoria Cigar Company.

United Cigar Stores
United Cigar Stores was a chain of cigar stores in the United States that in its first quarter-century grew to nearly 3,000 shops. It eventually became part of the corporation that bought Marvel Comics and its parent company Magazine Management from their founder in 1968.
Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
Little River Band of Ottawa Indians (Ojibwe: Gaaching-Ziibi Daawaa Anishinaabe) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994.

It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined.

Andrew Blackbird
Andrew Jackson Blackbird (c. 1814 – 17 September 1908), also known as Makade-binesi ("Black Hawk"), was an Odawa (Ottawa) tribe leader and historian. He was author of the 1887 book, History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan.
De Grey, Western Australia
De Grey is a locality in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, around 75 km east of Port Hedland, it connects a lot of rivers, such as Shaw River, Coongan River, and the East Strelley River.

Also within the locality is the De Grey homestead, and the De Grey River.

Pilbara
The Pilbara (/ˈpɪlbərə/) is a large, dry, sparsely populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal people, its geography, its red earth, and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna.
Theatre Royal, Melbourne
The Theatre Royal was one of the premier theatres for nearly 80 years in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from 1855 to 1932. It was located at what is now 236 Bourke Street, once the heart of the city's theatre and entertainment district.

Bourke Street
Bourke Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare.

During the Marvellous Melbourne era, Bourke Street was the location of many of the city's theatres and cinemas. Today it continues as a major retail shopping precinct with the Bourke Street Mall running between Elizabeth and Swanston Streets, numerous offices to the west end and restaurants to the east. Its liveliness and activity has often been contrasted with the sobering formality of nearby Collins Street. For this reason, "Busier than Bourke Street" is a popular colloquialism denoting a crowded or busy environment.

Bourke Street is named for Irish-born British Army officer Sir Richard Bourke, who served as the Governor of New South Wales from 1831 and 1837 during the drafting of the Hoddle Grid.
Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion
The Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion was an abolitionist symbol produced and distributed by British potter and entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood in 1787 as a seal for the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The medallion depicts a kneeling black man in chains with his hands raised to the heavens; it is inscribed with the phrase "Am I not a man and a brother?"

The figure was likely designed and modelled by Henry Webber and William Hackwood with Wedgwood's involvement. The medallion was produced as a jasperware cameo by Wedgwood's factory—the Etruria Works— and widely distributed in Britain and the United States. These cameos were worn as pendants, inlaid in snuff boxes, and used to adorn bracelets and hair pins, rapidly becoming fashionable symbols of the British abolition movement. The medallion helped to further the abolitionist cause and is today accepted as "the most recognizable piece of antislavery paraphernalia the movement ever produced."

Wilberforce House
Wilberforce House is a British historic house museum, part of the Museums Quarter of Kingston upon Hull. It is the birthplace of social reformer William Wilberforce (1759–1833), who used his time as a member of Parliament to work for the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire, which had not been thoroughly stymied by the Abolition of Slave Trade Act 1807. Like the nearby Blaydes House and Maister House, also on the High Street, the Grade I listed building was formerly a merchant's house with access to quayside on the River Hull.
2000 Brownlow Medal
The 2000 Brownlow Medal was the 73rd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. Shane Woewodin of the Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-four votes during the 2000 AFL season.

The Essendon Football Club set a record for the highest number of votes collected as a team, with 116 out of a possible 132 votes. The club polled at least one vote in every game, including all six votes in 14 games.

2000 AFL season
The 2000 AFL season was the 104th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 16 clubs and ran from 8 March until 2 September, comprising a 22-match home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs. The season was scheduled earlier than usual to avoid a clash with the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

Essendon won the premiership, defeating Melbourne by 60 points in the 2000 AFL Grand Final; it was Essendon's 16th VFL/AFL premiership. Essendon also won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with a 21–1 win–loss record, with its home-and-away and overall (24–1) win–loss records standing as the best in the league's history. Melbourne's Shane Woewodin won the Brownlow Medal as the league's best and fairest player, and Essendon's Matthew Lloyd won the Coleman Medal as the league's leading goalkicker.
Vinstervatna
Vinstervatna (parts of the lake are known as: Sandvatnet, Kaldfjorden, or Øyvatnet) is a man-made reservoir in Innlandet county, Norway. The 19.18-square-kilometre (7.41 sq mi) lake is rather unique because it was created after a hydroelectric dam was built. After completion of the dam, the river flooded and several smaller lakes rose and became connected as one large lake. The lake lies on the border of Nord-Fron Municipality, Sør-Fron Municipality and Øystre Slidre Municipality.

Water enters from the nearby lake Vinstre to the west. The lake sits at an elevation of 1,019 metres (3,343 ft) above sea level. The lake is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of the town of Vinstra and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the village of Beitostølen. The lake marks the northwestern boundary of Langsua National Park.

Vinstra
Vinstra is a town in Nord-Fron Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway.  The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. The town is located in the Gudbrandsdalen valley, at the confluence of the Gudbrandsdalslågen river and the Vinstra river (which flows from the lake Vinstre). The 3.13-square-kilometre (770-acre) town has a population (2024) of 2,674 and a population density of 854 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,210/sq mi).

The European route E6 highway and the Dovrebanen railway line both pass through the town. The Vinstra Upper Secondary School and the Sødorp Church are both located in the town as well. The newspaper Dølen is published in Vinstra.

The village of Vinstra was granted the status of a "town" on 1 September 2013, an event that was celebrated for 3 days.
Glossary of computer hardware terms
This glossary of computer hardware terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related to computer hardware, i.e. the physical and structural components of computers, architectural issues, and peripheral devices.

Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data.

Non-volatile memory typically refers to storage in memory chips, which store data in floating-gate memory cells consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors), including flash memory storage such as NAND flash and solid-state drives (SSD).

Other examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory (ROM), EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM), ferroelectric RAM, most types of computer data storage devices (e.g. disk storage, hard disk drives, optical discs, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as punched tape and cards.
Laurel Hill Creek
Laurel Hill Creek is a 39.9-mile-long (64.2 km) tributary of the Casselman River that is located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is part of the Youghiogheny River watershed, flowing to the Monongahela River, the Ohio River, and ultimately the Mississippi River.

It is responsible for draining 126 square miles of the 576 square miles drained by the Casselman River.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Industrial processes
Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical, or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial processes are the key components of heavy industry.

Van Arkel–de Boer process
The van Arkel–de Boer process, also known as the iodide process or crystal-bar process, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile titanium, zirconium and some other metals. It was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 for Philips Nv. Now, it is used in the production of small quantities of ultrapure titanium and zirconium. It primarily involves the formation of the metal iodides and their subsequent decomposition to yield pure metal, for example, at one of the Allegheny Technologies' Albany plants.

This process was superseded commercially by the Kroll process (based on the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by metallic magnesium).
Xanthotis
Xanthotis is a genus of birds in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae.

The genus contains three species:

Spotted honeyeater (Xanthotis polygrammus)

Macleay's honeyeater (Xanthotis macleayanus)

Tawny-breasted honeyeater (Xanthotis flaviventer)

The Kadavu honeyeater (Meliphacator provocator) was formerly included in this genus. It was moved to its own genus Meliphacator based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019.

Macleay's honeyeater
Macleay's honeyeater (Xanthotis macleayanus) is a honeyeater endemic to Australia. Within Australia it has a limited distribution, occurring only in northern Queensland from Cooktown to the southern end of the Paluma Range.  Its natural habitats are tropical dry forests and tropical moist lowland forests.
Eustachy Żyliński
Eustachy Karol Żyliński (19 September 1889 – 4 July 1954) was a Polish mathematician and university professor known for his work on number theory, algebra, and logic. He was a member of the Lwów School of Mathematics.

Lwów School of Mathematics
The Lwów school of mathematics (Polish: Lwowska szkoła matematyczna) was a group of Polish mathematicians who worked in the interwar period in Lwów, Poland (since 1945 Lviv, Ukraine). The mathematicians often met at the famous Scottish Café to discuss mathematical problems, and published in the journal Studia Mathematica, founded in 1929. The school was renowned for its productivity and its extensive contributions to subjects such as point-set topology, set theory and functional analysis.
William Clarke (cricketer, born 1846)
William Benjamin Clarke (5 November 1846 – 18 August 1902) was an English cricketer.  He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.

He and his wife Hannah had two daughters Alice and Amelia and two sons William and Charles (who played three times for Sussex in 1902). Clarke died in Hyson Green, Nottingham in 1902 aged 55.

Charles Clarke (cricketer, born 1878)
Charles Clarke (11 April 1878 – unknown) was a Scottish cricketer active from 1902 to 1905 who played for Sussex and Lancashire. He was born in Partick. He appeared in four first-class matches as a lefthanded batsman who bowled left arm medium pace. He scored seventeen runs with a highest score of 10 and took one wicket.
Abroscelis
Abroscelis is a genus of beetles in the family Cicindelidae, containing the following species:

Abroscelis anchoralis Chevrolat, 1845

Abroscelis longipes (Fabricius, 1798)

Abroscelis maino MacLeay, 1876

Abroscelis mucronata Jordan, 1894

Abroscelis psammodroma Chevrolat, 1845

Abroscelis tenuipes (Dejean, 1826)

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
Robin King (priest)
Robin Lucas Colin King (born 15 February 1959) is a retired Anglican priest who served as Archdeacon of Stansted in the Diocese of Chelmsford, 2013–2023.

Born in Quebec, Canada, King was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, Dundee University and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained deacon in 1989 and priest in 1990. After a curacy at St Augustine, Ipswich he was Vicar of St Mary, Bures then Rural Dean of Sudbury before his appointment. He was an Honorary Canon of Chelmsford Cathedral from 2008 until 2013. He retired effective 30 September 2023.

Archdeacons in the Diocese of Chelmsford
The Archdeacons in the Diocese of Chelmsford are senior ecclesiastical officers in the Church of England in Essex and East London. They currently include: the Archdeacon of West Ham, the Archdeacon of Colchester and the archdeacons of Chelmsford, of Barking, of Stansted and of Southend. Each one has responsibility over a geographical area within the diocese.
Seoán Ó Leaáin
Seoán Ó Leaáin, Bishop of Clonfert, 1322–1336. Ó Leaáin appears to have been a member of the same family as
Mauricius Ó Leaáin (Bishop of Kilmacduagh 1254–1284), Nicol Ó Leaáin, (ditto, 1358–1393) and Gregorius Ó Leaáin (1394–1397).

Previously Archdeacon of Tuam. He was elected 10 November 1319, but wasn't appointed until 6 August 1322. Ó Leaáin was consecrated 20 September and received possession of temporalities 29 December 1322. After his death on 7 April 1336, the see lay vacant for as many as ten years. However, at some point prior to 14 October 1437, he was succeeded by a prince of the Ui Maine dynasty, Tomás mac Gilbert Ó Cellaigh.

Bishop of Clonfert
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The Bishop of Clonfert (Irish: Easpag Chluain Fearta) is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Clonfert in County Galway, Ireland. In the Roman Catholic Church it remains as a separate title; but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with other bishoprics.