hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British military rifles
The origins of the modern British military rifle are within its predecessor, the Brown Bess musket. While a musket was largely inaccurate over 100 yards (91 m), due to a lack of rifling and a generous tolerance to allow for muzzle-loading, it was cheap to produce and could be loaded quickly. The use of volley or mass firing by troops meant that the rate of fire took precedence over accuracy.

Beginning in the late 1830s, the superior performance of the new rifles led the British military to phase out the venerable .75 calibre Brown Bess musket in favour of smaller-calibre muzzle-loading rifles. Early rifles were non-standard and often used components from the Brown Bess, including locks and stocks adapted to new rifled barrels. It was not until the late 19th century that the rifle fully supplanted the musket as the weapon of the infantryman.

M1903 Springfield
The M1903 Springfield, officially the U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1903, is an American five-round, non-removable, staggered-row box magazine-fed, bolt-action, repeating service rifle, used primarily during the first half of the 20th century.

The M1903 was first used in combat during the Philippine-American War and was officially adopted by the United States as the standard infantry rifle on 19 June 1903. It saw service in World War I and was replaced by the faster-firing semi-automatic eight-round M1 Garand starting in 1936. However, the M1903 remained a standard-issue infantry rifle during World War II, since the U.S. entered the war without sufficient M1 rifles to arm all troops. It also was used as a sniper rifle during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. It remains popular as a civilian firearm, collector's piece, a competitive shooting rifle, and as a military drill rifle.
Radoszyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Radoszyce ([radɔˈʂɨt͡sɛ]; Yiddish: ראַדאָשיץ) is a town in Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland (historic province of Lesser Poland). It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Radoszyce. It lies approximately 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Końskie and 33 km (21 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie County
Końskie County (Polish: powiat konecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Końskie, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Stąporków, lying 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Końskie.

The county covers an area of 1,139.90 square kilometres (440.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,019, out of which the population of Końskie is 19,176, that of Stąporków is 5,639, and the rural population is 52,204.
2017 PBA Governors' Cup
The 2017 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Governors' Cup, also known as the 2017 Oppo-PBA Governors' Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the third and last conference of the 2016–17 PBA season. The tournament started on July 19 and ended on October 27, 2017. The tournament allowed teams to hire foreign players or imports with a height limit of 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m).

Due to the FIBA Asia Cup, the league decided to temporarily shelve signing up Asian imports.

PBA Governors' Cup
The PBA Governors' Cup is one of three active conferences in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). It is also one of two conferences, the other being the Commissioner's Cup which allows teams to hire a single foreign player, known as an "import". The Governors' Cup also refers to the trophy awarded to the champion team.

The first run of the Governors' Cup lasted from 1993 to 2002. In 2003, it was replaced by the returning Reinforced Conference, and from 2004 to 2010, the Fiesta Conference was held as the lone import-laden conference. The conference was then reinstated 2011 when the league reverted back to a three-conference format.

The TNT Tropang 5G are the current defending Governors' champions, winning the 2024 PBA Governors' Cup when they were known as the TNT Tropang Giga. The San Miguel Beermen have won the most Governors' Cup titles with five.
Swans Are Dead
Swans Are Dead is the fifth double  and seventh overall live album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released in 1998 and was recorded in 1995 and 1997 on the band's final tours, before reuniting in 2010.

The setlists of this era in the Swans live show were probably the most varied in terms of chronology. Although many of the songs performed were taken from Soundtracks for the Blind and The Great Annihilator, the band also resurrected songs from much earlier albums, including a re-worked version of "I Crawled" from the Young God EP (1984).

The Great Annihilator
The Great Annihilator is the ninth studio album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released on January 24, 1995, through frontman Michael Gira's own record label, Young God. The album has been described by Gira as a companion album to his solo album Drainland (1995); the two were remastered and re-released together in April 2017.
Binley, Coventry
Binley is a suburb on the eastern edge of the city of Coventry, West Midlands, England. Binley evolved from a small mining village on the outskirts of Coventry to a large residential area composing private residences and council-owned properties. It is famous for the Binley Mega Chippy, which is located within Binley.

Binley is part of the ward of Binley and Willenhall, which had a population of 17,774 at the 2021 census.

Binley is flanked by Willenhall to the south (separated by the Coventry to Rugby railway line), Stoke Aldermoor to the west (separated by Allard Way road), and the Warwickshire village of Binley Woods to the east, which almost joins Binley since the construction of the Eastern Bypass, a B&Q store and a T.G.I. Friday's restaurant between the two areas. The final side is Copsewood, leading to Wyken in one direction, and Stoke the other.

Stoke Aldermoor
Stoke Aldermoor is a suburban community in south-eastern Coventry, West Midlands, England.  An area of Stoke Aldermoor consisting of a small estate alongside the north-east of Pinley Fields is called Pinley. It is bordered by the River Sowe and the Coventry Canal, and the suburbs of Stoke to the north, Whitley to the south-west and Ernesford Grange to the east.
2019 North Macedonian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in North Macedonia in 2019. Three candidates were on the ballot in the first round, held on 21 April: Stevo Pendarovski, supported by the ruling coalition led by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia, including the Democratic Union for Integration; Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova of the leading opposition party VMRO-DPMNE, and Blerim Reka, an independent supported by Albanian opposition parties Alliance for Albanians and Besa Movement. The first round did not result in an absolute majority for any candidate, with Pendarovski receiving the most votes. In the second round held on 5 May, Pendarovski defeated Siljanovska-Davkova with 54% of the vote.

Incumbent President Gjorge Ivanov was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office, having previously been elected in 2009 and 2014.

2014 Macedonian general election
General elections[a] were held in the Republic of Macedonia in April 2014 to elect the President and members of parliament. The first round of the presidential elections were held on 13 April, with incumbent president Gjorge Ivanov finishing first with 53% of the vote. However, as he did not receive the support of 50% of all registered voters, a second round was held on 27 April, alongside parliamentary elections, with Ivanov and the ruling coalition led by VMRO-DPMNE claiming victory as Ivanov was elected president and the VMRO-DPMNE won 61 of the 123 seats in the Assembly.
Joan Alarilla
Joan Velasco Alarilla is a Filipino politician who was mayor of Meycauayan from 2007 until 2016. Alarilla ran for the congressional seat for the 4th District in the 2016 elections, but she lost to Linabelle Villarica.

Linabelle Villarica
Linabelle Ruth Ramos Villarica (born July 25, 1949) is a Filipino politician who currently serves as the member of the House of Representatives from the 4th District of Bulacan since 2022 and previously from 2010 to 2019. She previously served as mayor of Meycauayan from 2019 to 2022.
Nuclear War: A Scenario
Nuclear War: A Scenario is a 2024 non-fiction book by Pulitzer Prize–nominated American journalist Annie Jacobsen, published by Dutton and Transworld. The book combines historical analysis of U.S. nuclear war planning with a minute-by-minute account of a hypothetical first strike by North Korea against the United States, showing how the conflict escalates to global thermonuclear war within 72 minutes, leading to nuclear winter and 5 billion deaths. The work examines both the historical development of American nuclear doctrine since the 1960s and contemporary protocols that would govern U.S. response to a nuclear attack.

The book received widespread critical attention across multiple academic disciplines and achieved international bestseller status, being translated into multiple languages. The work has been recognized with major literary prize nominations and has reached high-profile readers. Soon after release, it was announced a film adaptation based on the book was in development.

United States Strategic Command
The United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM or STRATCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands in the United States Department of Defense. Headquartered at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, USSTRATCOM is responsible for strategic nuclear deterrence, global strike, and operating the Defense Department's Global Information Grid. It also provides a host of capabilities to support the other combatant commands, including integrated missile defense; and global command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR). This command exists to give "national leadership a unified resource for greater understanding of specific threats around the world and the means to respond to those threats rapidly".
Canine glaucoma
Canine glaucoma refers to a group of diseases in dogs that affect the optic nerve and involve a loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. An intraocular pressure greater than 22 mmHg (2.9 kPa) is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Untreated glaucoma in dogs leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness.

The group of multifactorial diseases which cause glaucoma in dogs can be divided roughly into three main categories: congenital, primary or secondary. In dogs, most forms of primary glaucoma are the result of a collapsed filtration angle, or closed angle glaucoma.

Aqueous humour
The aqueous humour is a transparent water-like fluid similar to blood plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary body, a structure supporting the lens of the eyeball. It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is located in the space between the lens and the retina, also known as the posterior cavity or vitreous chamber. Blood cannot normally enter the eyeball.
Penicillium parvum
Penicillium parvum is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from soil in Papua New Guinea. Penicillium parvum produces ferrichrome siderophores

Phytochemical investigation of the soil microfungus Eupenicillum parvum led to the isolation of two new compounds: a chromone derivative euparvione and a new mycophenolic derivative euparvilactone, as well as thirteen known compounds. Several isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro binding assays using opioid receptors (subtypes δ, κ, and μ) and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Compound 10 displayed the best selective μ-opioid receptor and CB1 receptor binding affinities showing values of 47% and 52% at a 10 μM concentration, respectively. These findings provide insight into the potential therapeutic utility of this class of compounds.

Penicillium
Penicillium (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪliəm/) is a genus of  ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.
Egyptian Arabic phonology
This article is about the phonology of Egyptian Arabic, also known as Cairene Arabic or Masri. It deals with the phonology and phonetics of Egyptian Arabic as well as the phonological development of child native speakers of the dialect. To varying degrees, it affects the pronunciation of Literary Arabic by native Egyptian Arabic speakers, as is the case for speakers of all other varieties of Arabic.

Close-mid back rounded vowel
The close-mid back rounded vowel, or high-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨o⟩.
Christoph Straus
Christoph Straus (1575–1631) was an Austrian composer, cantor and organist. His church music includes polyphonic pieces and polychoral Masses, including a notable Requiem for high and low choirs. Although his textures were, by current standards, old-fashioned at the time, his word painting proves his acquaintance with the newest Italian music.  He was employed as Court composer by Emperor Ferdinand II from 1616 to 1620 and rose to the post of Kapellmeister in St Stephen's Cathedral.  He wrote 36 motets (published in 1613) and 16 surviving masses (1631).  His later compositions require a wide variety of orchestral colours.

Cantor (Christianity)
In Christianity, the cantor, female chantress, sometimes called the precentor or the protopsaltes (Greek: πρωτοψάλτης, lit. 'first singer'; from Greek: ψάλτης, romanized: psaltes, lit. 'singer'), is the chief singer, and usually instructor, employed at a church, with responsibilities for the choir and the preparation of the Mass or worship service. The term is also used for a similar task in Reform Judaism and in Ancient Egypt.

Generally, a cantor must be competent to choose and conduct the vocals for the choir, to start any chant on demand, and to be able to identify and correct the missteps of singers placed under them. A cantor may be responsible for the immediate rendering of the music, showing the course of the melody by movements of the hand(s) (cheironomia), similar to a conductor.
Benzeneselenol
Benzeneselenol, also known as selenophenol, is the organoselenium compound with the chemical formula C6H5SeH, often abbreviated PhSeH. It is the selenium analog of phenol. This colourless, malodorous compound is a reagent in organic synthesis.

Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.
7th federal electoral district of Hidalgo
The 7th federal electoral district of Hidalgo (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 07 de Hidalgo) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of Hidalgo.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth electoral region.

Suspended in 1943, the 7th district was re-established as part of the 1996 redistricting process. The restored district elected its first deputy in the 1997 mid-term election.
The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Mirna María de la Luz Rubio Sánchez of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Cacotheline
Cacotheline is an organic compound with the chemical formula C21H21N3O7.  It is a nitro derivative of brucine obtained by reaction of brucine with nitric acid.  It is used as an indicator in the titrimetric analysis of tin ions (Sn2+).

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Einar Enevoldson
Einar K. Enevoldson (June 15, 1932, in Seattle, Washington – April 14, 2021) was the director of the Perlan Project. He was a civilian research pilot for NASA's Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, from 1968 until 1986. He was involved in many research programs, including those with experimental wings, propulsion and digital computer flight control systems.

German Aerospace Center
The German Aerospace Center (German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR, literally German Center for Air- and Space-flight) is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of Germany, founded in 1969. It is headquartered in Cologne with 35 locations throughout Germany. The DLR is engaged in a wide range of research and development projects in national and international partnerships.

The DLR acts as the German space agency and is responsible for planning and implementing the German space programme on behalf of the German federal government. As a project management agency, DLR coordinates and answers the technical and organisational implementation of projects funded by a number of German federal ministries. As of 2020, the German Aerospace Center had a national budget of €1.348 billion.
William Veeck Sr.
William Louis Veeck Sr. (January 20, 1876 – October 5, 1933) was an American sportswriter and baseball executive. He was president of the Chicago Cubs from 1919 to his death in October, 1933. Under Veeck's leadership, the Cubs won two pennants, in 1929 and 1932.

Veeck was a Chicago American sportswriter working under the pseudonym Bill Bailey before Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr. hired him to be vice-president of the baseball club in 1917. Having won the National League pennant in 1918, Wrigley promoted him to president of the club in July 1919.

Veeck resided in the Chicago suburb of Hinsdale, Illinois. He married Grace Greenwood DeForest in 1900. They had three children: Maurice, who died at age 8; Margaret Ann Veeck Krehbiel, and William Louis Veeck Jr., also known as Bill Veeck. Bill owned the Chicago White Sox and Cleveland Indians. His grandson Mike Veeck is also a minor league baseball executive.

Veeck Sr. is buried at the Bronswood Cemetery in Oak Brook, Illinois.

Mike Veeck
Michael Veeck (/ˈvɛk/ VEK; born March 5, 1951) is an American professional baseball executive and team owner. Veeck has worked as an executive in Major League Baseball and has owned a number of Minor League Baseball teams. Veeck is best known as the architect of Disco Demolition Night. He is the son of Bill Veeck, Hall of Fame baseball owner.
Paolo De Vita
Paolo De Vita (born 29 June 1957) is an Italian film and television actor.

Born in Bari, he debuted on television in 1984 with the TV series Aeroporto internazionale (International Airport), followed by the 1985 miniseries Un siciliano in Sicilia (A Sicilian in Sicily) directed by Pino Passalacqua. He also appeared in Don Matteo and the 2007 television series Nebbie e delitti (Killings and Mists). In 2011 he was part of the cast of the television series R.I.S. Roma 2 - Delitti imperfetti (RIS Rome 2 - Imperfect Crimes) directed by Francis Micciche.

De Vita has also had a substantial career in film, an early role being in the neo-realist film Il giudice ragazzino (The Boy Judge) in 1994. In 2001 he appeared in Nanni Moretti's La stanza del figlio (The Son's Room). He has since moved into English language cinema, playing Edward de Vere's loyal Italian retainer, in the Roland Emmerich film Anonymous (2011).

Mimmo Calopresti
Mimmo Calopresti (born 4 January 1955 in Polistena, Calabria) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He has directed 16 films since 1987. His film The Second Time was entered into the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.
Cwmdu, Powys
Cwmdu or Llanfihangel Cwmdu is a small village in the community of Cwmdu and District, situated in the heart of the Black Mountains in Powys, Wales. Its name is derived from the Welsh language "Cwm Du", which means 'Black Valley'. It is located on the A479 Talgarth to Tretower road. Nearby towns include Crickhowell and Abergavenny.
The population of the community, Llanfihangel Cwmdu with Bwlch and Cathedine, which includes Cwmdu and nearby villages Bwlch, and Tretower. Cathedine is actually in the neighbouring community of Llangors.  as of the 2011 UK Census was 1026. It is in the historic county of Brecknockshire.

Talgarth
Talgarth is a market town, community and electoral ward in southern Powys, Mid Wales,  about 12 miles (19 km) north of Crickhowell, 19 miles (31 km) north-east of Brecon and 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Builth Wells. Notable buildings in the town include the 14th-century parish church and a defensive tower house. According to traditional accounts, Talgarth was the capital of the early medieval kingdom of Brycheiniog. It is in the historic county of Brecknockshire. In 2011, it had a population of 1,724.