hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
21st Rule
Throughout the period before the American Civil War, petitions and memorials relating to the slavery question appeared in many records of the United States Congress. Between 1836 and 1844, the 21st rule of the U.S. House of Representatives (the so-called gag rule) provided that no petition relating to slavery would be entertained in any way; therefore, all such petitions and memorials received while this rule was in effect were tabled.

The rule, proposed by South Carolina Representative Henry L. Pinckney, was passed without any debate. During this period, hundreds of petitions relating to the abolition of slavery, slavery in the District of Columbia, fugitive slave laws and fugitive slaves, the admission of slave states, slavery in the territories, African colonization, and repeal of the 21st rule were tabled.

Gag rule
A gag rule is a rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration, or discussion of a particular topic, often but not always by members of a legislative or decision-making body. A famous example of gag rules is the series of rules concerning the discussion of slavery in effect in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1836 to 1844.
1967 NAIA World Series
The 1967 NAIA World Series was the 11th annual tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of baseball among its member colleges and universities in the United States and Canada.

The tournament was played at Phil Welch Stadium in St. Joseph, Missouri.

New Mexico Highlands defeated Glassboro State in the championship series, 6–1, to win the Cowboys' first NAIA World Series.

Glassboro State player Ken Lange was named tournament MVP.

NAIA World Series
The NAIA World Series (officially branded as the Avista NAIA World Series for sponsorship purposes from 2013) is a double-elimination tournament, held since 1957, to determine the baseball champion of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Since 2000, the tournament has been held at Harris Field on the campus of Lewis–Clark State College (LCSC) in Lewiston, Idaho, having previously hosted from 1984 to 1991.
John Miles (businessman)
John Miles (16 March 1816 – 5 May 1886) was an English businessman who was master of the Stationers Company and a director of the New River Company. He was a major landowner in Friern Barnet and Whetstone in north London in the second half of the nineteenth century and was instrumental in the development of those areas.

Oakleigh Park
Oakleigh Park is a loosely defined district in the north of the London Borough of Barnet. It adjoins Whetstone, and is often regarded as part of either that district or of East Barnet, although the East Coast Main Line forms a border with the latter. The name is a relatively modern invention, derived from the eponymous Oakleigh Park railway station which opened in 1873. Since 2002, 'Oakleigh' has also been the name of the electoral ward for the area, formed from parts of the abolished Hadley and Friern Barnet wards.

The principal road is Oakleigh Road North, from which Oakleigh Park North, Oakleigh Avenue and Oakleigh Park South turn off. There is a small shopping parade on Netherlands Road just to the north of the railway station.
Tetanolita floridana
Tetanolita floridana, the Florida owlet or Florida tetanolita moth, is a litter moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by J. B. Smith in 1895. It is found in the United States from Wisconsin to Long Island, south to Florida and Texas.

The wingspan is 20–24 mm. Adults are on wing from April to October in the central portion of its range, and all year round in the far south and from June to September in Ohio. There are two or more generations in the east.

Larvae probably feed on fallen organic matter.

Herminiinae
The Herminiinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The members of the subfamily are called litter moths because the caterpillars of most members feed on dead leaves of plants, though others feed on living leaves, and/or the mushrooms of fungi as in the case of genus Idia.
Covariance matrix
In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector.

Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion of variance to multiple dimensions. As an example, the variation in a collection of random points in two-dimensional space cannot be characterized fully by a single number, nor would the variances in the  and  directions contain all of the necessary information; a  matrix would be necessary to fully characterize the two-dimensional variation.

Any covariance matrix is symmetric and positive semi-definite and its main diagonal contains variances (i.e., the covariance of each element with itself).

The covariance matrix of a random vector  is typically denoted by ,  or .

Diagonal matrix
In linear algebra, a diagonal matrix is a matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero; the term usually refers to square matrices. Elements of the main diagonal can either be zero or nonzero. An example of a 2×2 diagonal matrix is , while an example of a 3×3 diagonal matrix is. An identity matrix of any size, or any multiple of it is a diagonal matrix called a scalar matrix, for example, . 
In geometry, a diagonal matrix may be used as a scaling matrix, since matrix multiplication with it results in changing scale (size) and possibly also shape; only a scalar matrix results in uniform change in scale.
Neal Adams bibliography
Neal Adams was a comic artist and creator who worked on a large number of comic books and characters, particularly for DC Comics and Marvel Comics, and even creating his own company, Continuity Comics.

The Deadly Hands of Kung Fu
The Deadly Hands of Kung Fu is an American black-and-white martial arts comics magazine published by Magazine Management, a corporate sibling of Marvel Comics. A total of 33 issues were published from 1974 to 1977, plus one special edition.
2018 ATP Shenzhen Open
The 2018 ATP Shenzhen Open was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 5th edition of the tournament, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2018 ATP World Tour.  It took place at the Shenzhen Longgang Tennis Centre in Shenzhen, China from September 24 to 30.

ATP Shenzhen Open
The Shenzhen Open was a professional outdoor hardcourts men's tennis tournament in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, from 2014 to 2018.

It was played at the Shenzhen Longgang Tennis Center, which has 32 outdoor and indoor courts and a 4,000-seat stadium. In late 2013, the Association of Tennis Professionals announced that Shenzhen had won the ATP Thailand Open franchise, holding its inaugural ATP tournament in September 2014.
2020 Finnish Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2020 Finnish Indoor Athletics Championships (Finnish: Yleisurheilun sisäratojen Suomen-mestaruuskilpailut 2020) was the 59th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for Finland. It was held on 15 and 16 February at the Tampere Exhibition and Sports Centre in Tampere, with local club Tampereen Pyrintö taking on hosting duties.

Tampere Exhibition and Sports Centre
Tampere Exhibition and Sports Centre (Finnish: Tampereen Messu- ja Urheilukeskus) is an indoor venue in Tampere, Finland. It hosted European Wrestling Championships in 2008.

The centre has 4 halls and the first one was built in 1985.
2024 Women's Junior Pan American Championship
The 2024 Women's Junior Pan American Championship was the 11th edition of the Women's Pan American Junior Championship, the biennial women's international under-21 field hockey championship of the Americas, organised by the Pan American Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the men's tournament from 3 to 12 July 2024 in Surrey, Canada.

Argentina won their eighth title by defeating the defending champions the United States 3–1 in the final. Chile won the bronze medal by defeating Uruguay 1–0. The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2025 Junior World Cup, with the top four teams, not already qualified, qualifying. It also served as a qualifier for the 2025 Junior Pan American Games for the top five teams.

Women's Pan American Junior Championship
The Women's Pan American Junior Championship is a women's international under-21 field hockey tournament organized by the Pan American Hockey Federation. The tournament has been held since 1988 and serves as a qualification tournament for the Junior World Cup.

The tournament has been won by three different teams: Argentina has the most titles with seven, the United States and Canada both have won one title. The most recent edition was held in Santiago, Chile and was won by Canada.
Juan Morales (hurdler)
Juan Morales Hechavarría (born 12 July 1948, in Santiago de Cuba) is a former Cuban athlete who competed mainly in 110 metres hurdles. Together with Hermes Ramírez, Pablo Montes, and Enrique Figuerola he won an Olympic silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay in Mexico City 1968. He was a prominent athlete in the American and Caribbean scene, winning the Central American and Caribbean Championships four times in a row. He was not able to compete for his fifth title as the 1975 event was cancelled due to torrential rain. Alejandro Casañas would eventually take over his role as the leading Cuban hurdler.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
Wilfrid Sellars
Wilfrid Stalker Sellars (/ˈsɛlərz/; May 20, 1912 – July 2, 1989) was an American philosopher and prominent developer of critical realism who "revolutionized both the content and the method of philosophy in the United States". His work has had a profound impact in virtually all areas of analytic philosophy beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, including in epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of perception, and philosophy of science. His most notable contributions include his critique of foundationalist epistemology (the "Myth of the Given"), a synoptic philosophy aiming to unite what he called the manifest and scientific images, and an inferentialist account of meaning.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Gmina Lipno, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Gmina Lipno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Lipno, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 209.72 square kilometres (81.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,337.

Lipno County
Lipno County (Polish: powiat lipnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was formed on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lipno, which lies 43 km (27 mi) south-east of Toruń and 84 km (52 mi) east of Bydgoszcz. The county also contains the towns of Skępe, lying 13 km (8 mi) east of Lipno, and Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, 26 km (16 mi) south-east of Lipno.

The county covers an area of 1,015.6 square kilometres (392.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 65,869, out of which the population of Lipno is 14,339, that of Skępe is 3,620, that of Dobrzyń nad Wisłą is 2,129, and the rural population is 45,723.
B63 (New York City bus)
The B63 is a bus route in Brooklyn, New York City, running mainly along Fifth Avenue and Atlantic Avenue between Fort Hamilton and Cobble Hill. Originally a streetcar line called the Fifth Avenue Line, it is now operated by the New York City Transit Authority as the Fifth/Atlantic Avenues bus.

Atlantic Avenue Railroad
The Atlantic Avenue Railroad was  a company in the U.S. state of New York, with a main line connecting downtown Brooklyn with Jamaica along Atlantic Avenue. It was largely a streetcar company that operated its own trains, but the Long Island Rail Road operated both streetcars and steam trains over its main line. It later became part of the Nassau Electric Railroad, but is now divided between the active Atlantic Branch of the LIRR and the unused Cobble Hill Tunnel, which is preserved in its original state, albeit without service tracks.
Whiteface River (New Hampshire)
The Whiteface River is a 5.9-mile-long (9.5 km) river rising in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. Its waters flow by way of the Cold River, Bearcamp River, Ossipee Lake, the Ossipee River and the Saco River into the Gulf of Maine, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.

The Whiteface River, sharing a name with the 4,020-foot-high (1,230 m) Mount Whiteface, rises on the southern slopes of the Sandwich Range in the town of Waterville Valley. The headwaters collect tributaries from the area between Mt. Whiteface and Flat Mountain, as well as from The Sleepers, some broad peaks extending north towards Mount Tripyramid. Flowing south, the river enters the town of Sandwich and the Whiteface Intervale, a broad, flat valley at the base of the Sandwich Range. In the river's last mile, it leaves the Intervale and drops 200 feet (60 m) to end at the Cold River, just east of the village of Whiteface.

Cold River (Bearcamp River tributary)
The Cold River is an 11.9-mile-long (19.2 km) river in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Bearcamp River, part of the Ossipee River and Saco River watersheds. The river lies entirely in the town of Sandwich.

The Cold River begins on the southern slopes of Sandwich Mountain, within the Sandwich Wilderness of the White Mountain National Forest. The river flows generally east and then southeast, leaving the national forest, passing New Hampshire Route 113A in the village of Whiteface, and reaching the Bearcamp River close to the Sandwich/Tamworth town line.
Jenny Johnson Jordan
Jennifer A. Johnson Jordan (born June 8, 1973) is an American female beach volleyball player. She won the silver medal at the 1999 Beach Volleyball World Championships in Marseille, alongside Annett Davis.

She attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and was a member of their Bruins volleyball team. She competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics with Davis, finishing in fifth place.

NCAA beach volleyball championship
The NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship is an NCAA-sanctioned tournament to determine the national champions of collegiate women's beach volleyball. It is a National Collegiate Championship featuring teams from Division I, Division II and Division III, and is the 90th, and newest, NCAA championship event.

It was the first new NCAA championship to be created since the NCAA Division III Men's Volleyball Championship in 2012, and the first for women since the NCAA Bowling Championship in 2004.

USC have been the most successful program, with six national titles.
2018 San Diego City Council election
The 2018 San Diego City Council election occurred on November 6, 2018. The primary election was held June 5, 2018. Four of the nine seats of the San Diego City Council were contested.

Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, although most members do identify a party preference. A two-round system was used for the election, starting with a primary in June followed by a runoff in November between the top-two candidates in each district.

The election resulted in a net gain of one seat for self-identified Democrats. This gave Democrats a two-thirds majority on the City Council, allowing them to override vetoes by Republican mayor Kevin Faulconer on issues that divide along partisan lines. Additionally two incumbent council members were defeated, marking the first time any incumbent had lost a City Council election in the city since 1992.

Clairemont, San Diego
Clairemont (or Clairemont Mesa) is a community in San Diego, California, United States. It has a population of about 81,600 residents and an area of roughly 13.3 square miles (34 km2). Clairemont is bordered by Interstate 805 on the east, Interstate 5 to the west, State Route 52 to the north, and the community of Linda Vista to the south. The community of Clairemont can be subdivided into the neighborhoods of North Clairemont, Clairemont Mesa East, Clairemont Mesa West, Bay Park, and Bay Ho.
Athletics at the West Asian Games
Athletics was one of the sports at the West Asian Games, and featured on the programme at all three editions of the competition, in 1997, 2002, and 2005. The programme had only men's competitions in the first two editions before introducing women's events in 2005.

West Asian Games
The West Asian Games (abbreviated as the WAG) is a multi-sport event held among the athletes from West Asia.

The West Asian Games was first organised in Tehran, Iran and was considered as the first of its kind. The success of the Games led to the creation of the West Asian Games Federation (WAGF) and the intention of hosting the Games every four years. At present, the WAGF comprises 12 member countries, namely Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

The West Asian Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The others are the Central Asian Games, the East Asian Youth Games, the South Asian Games, and the Southeast Asian Games.

The fourth edition of the West Asian Games was scheduled to take place in Iran in 2014, but was then postponed to 2016. It was eventually cancelled after Iran moved its athletics region from West Asia to Central Asia in September 2015.
Hur Jun, The Original Story
Hur Jun, The Original Story (Korean: 구암 허준; RR: Guam Heo Jun) is a 2013 South Korean television series about the life of Heo Jun, a commoner who rose up the ranks to become a royal physician in Joseon (he used the art name "Guam"). It aired on MBC from March 18 to September 23, 2013 on Mondays to Fridays at 20:50 for 135 episodes.

Heo Jun was the author of the famed oriental medicine textbook Dongui Bogam (lit. "Mirror of Eastern Medicine"), considered the defining text of traditional Korean medicine. This was the fifth dramatization of his life. Lead actor Kim Joo-hyuk is the son of Kim Mu-saeng, who also played the same character in the 1975 series Tenacity.

Donguibogam
The Dongui Bogam (Korean: 동의보감; translated as "Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine") is a Korean book compiled by the royal physician, Heo Jun and was first published in 1613 during the Joseon period of Korea.

The book is regarded as important in traditional Korean medicine, and is one of the classics of Oriental medicine today. In July 2009, it was added to UNESCO’s Memory of the World International Register. The original edition of Dongui Bogam is currently preserved by the Korean National Library. The original was written in Hanja and only part of it was transcribed in Korean for wide reading use, as only officials understood in Hanmun. It was translated to English in 2013.
Stambourne Green
Stambourne Green is a hamlet in Essex. A 19th century gazetteer describes it as being near another hamlet, Westley End, which no longer appears to exist.

Nearby places include Stambourne, Steeple Bumpstead, Ridgewell, Cornish Hall End, Great Yeldham and Finchingfield.

Ridgewell
Ridgewell is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England, about six miles from Haverhill on the main road between Haverhill and Braintree. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 573.

It was mentioned in the Domesday Book.

Ridgewell has a village shop, primary school and one pub, named 'The White Horse'. St Laurence's Church dates from the 14th century and is a grade I listed building.

The church features six bells arranged in a full-circle ring.

RAF Ridgewell was the base for the USAAF 381st Bomb Group (H) and No. 90 Squadron RAF, part of No. 3 (Bomber) Group, during the Second World War.
Hernici
The Hernici were an Italic tribe of ancient Italy, whose territory was in Latium between the Fucine Lake and the Sacco River (Trerus), bounded by the Volsci on the south, and by the Aequi and the Marsi on the north.

Marsi
The Marsi were an Italic people of ancient Italy, whose chief centre was Marruvium, on the eastern shore of Lake Fucinus (which was drained in the time of Claudius). The area in which they lived is now called Marsica. They originally spoke a language now termed Marsian which is attested by several inscriptions.
A Disquiet Follows My Soul
"A Disquiet Follows My Soul" is the twelfth episode in the fourth season of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica. It aired on television in the United States and Canada on January 23, 2009, in Australia on January 31, 2009, and on Sky One in the UK on January 27, 2009.  According to the director, this episode takes place immediately after the webisode series "The Face of the Enemy". The survivor count shown in the title sequence is 39,644. The Region 1 DVD release of Season 4.5 includes an extended version of this episode.

Laura Roslin
Laura Roslin is a fictional character in the reimagined Battlestar Galactica series. Played by Mary McDonnell, she is the President of the colonies and a key character throughout the series. The character is noted in part for a realistic moral complexity and nuance.
Zătreni
Zătreni is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of fourteen villages: Butanu, Ciortești, Dealu Glămeia, Dealu Văleni, Făurești, Mănicea, Mecea, Oltețu, Sășcioara, Stanomiru, Valea Văleni, Văleni, Zătreni, and Zătrenii de Sus. Until 2004, it also included Contea, Gănești, Lăcusteni, Lăcustenii de Jos and Lăcustenii de Sus villages; these were split off that year to form Lăcusteni Commune.

The commune is situated on the Getic Plateau, at an altitude of 235 m (771 ft), on the banks of the river Olteț and its left tributary, the Budele. It is located in the southwestern part of Vâlcea County, 20 km (12 mi) north of Bălcești and 75 km (47 mi) southwest of the county seat, Râmnicu Vâlcea, on the border with Gorj County.

Zătreni is crossed by national road DN67B, which leads to Târgu Jiu, 86 km (53 mi) to the northwest, and Drăgășani, 58 km (36 mi) to the southeast.

The commune features Cula Zătreanu, dating from 1754.

Râmnicu Vâlcea
Râmnicu Vâlcea (formerly Râmnic, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) is a city in Romania. Located in the south-central part of the country, in the historical province of Oltenia, it is the seat of Vâlcea County and its main urban settlement. According to the 2021 Romanian census, it has a population of 93,151.