hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marine biodiversity of South Africa
The Marine biodiversity of South Africa  is the variety of living organisms that live in the seas off the coast of South Africa. It includes genetic, species and ecosystems biodiversity in a range of habitats spread over a range of ecologically varied regions, influenced by the geomorphology of the seabed and circulation of major and local water masses, which distribute both living organisms and nutrients in complex and time-variable patterns.

South Africa has a wide range of marine diversity with coastline in three oceans, two major current systems, major ocean frontal systems and benthic topography extending to a maximum depth of 5 700 m. There are 179 defined marine ecosystem types, 150 of them around South Africa and 29 around the sub-Antarctic territory of the Prince Edward Islands.

Primary production
In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.  It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy.  Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are known as primary producers or autotrophs, and form the base of the food chain. In terrestrial ecoregions, these are mainly plants, while in aquatic ecoregions algae predominate in this role. Ecologists distinguish primary production as either net or gross, the former accounting for losses to processes such as cellular respiration, the latter not.
Mastamho
Mastamho, sometimes also referred to as Mustamho, is the creator deity of the first Mohave people along the Colorado River in the Mojave Desert and Colorado Desert. Mastamho is the grandson of the Earth Mother (in South America referred to as Pachamama) and the Sky father.

He was the son of Matavilya and had a sister, Frog Woman, and a brother, Kaatar. Mastamho is pictured on the Blythe Intaglios with stretched arms, which indicates that he protects his people from destruction.

Frog Woman Rock
Frog Woman Rock (Pomo: Bi-tsin’ ma-ca Ka-be) is a distinctive volcanic monolith located in Mendocino County, California, in the Russian River canyon through the California Coast Ranges.  The California Historical Landmark, adjacent to U.S. Route 101, is a popular recreational site for rock-climbing and whitewater kayaking.
2023 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Verona
The 2023 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Verona was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Verona, Italy between 24 and 30 July 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Julia, Lady Inglis
Julia Selina, Lady Inglis (19 April 1833 – 3 February 1904) was a British memoir writer. She was the daughter of Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford, and wife of Major-General Sir John Eardley Inglis, who commanded the British troops at the Siege of Lucknow in 1857. She kept a diary of her life during the siege, which was published as The Siege of Lucknow: a Diary.  She aimed to give "a simple account of each day's events (which) may give a clear idea of what was done by the garrison under (her husband's) command".

Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde
Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, GCB, KSI (20 October 1792 – 14 August 1863) was a British Army officer. After serving in the Peninsular War and the War of 1812, he commanded the 98th Regiment of Foot during the First Opium War and then commanded a brigade during the Second Anglo-Sikh War. He went on to command the Highland Brigade at the Battle of Alma and with his "thin red line of Highlanders" he repulsed the Russian attack on Balaclava during the Crimean War. At an early stage of the Indian Mutiny, he became Commander-in-Chief, India and, in that role, he relieved and then evacuated Lucknow and, after attacking and decisively defeating Tatya Tope at the Second Battle of Cawnpore, captured Lucknow again. Whilst still commander-in-chief he dealt with the "White Mutiny" among East India Company troops, and organised the army sent east in the Second Opium War.
Rivolto Air Base
Rivolto Air Base (IATA: none, ICAO: LIPI) is an Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare) air base located in Codroipo, province of Udine (Italy). It is the home base of the Frecce Tricolori aerobatic display team. Besides a military airport it is an important air force Meteorological Service station.
Rivolto Air Base was founded after the Italian Royal Decree N. 2207 of 1923, authorised the establishment of new airports and expropriate land for their construction.

Italian Air Force
The Italian Air Force (Italian: Aeronautica Militare; AM, lit. 'military aeronautics') is the air force of the Italian Republic. The Italian Air Force was founded as an independent service arm on 28 March 1923 by King Victor Emmanuel III as the Regia Aeronautica ("Royal Air Force"). After World War II, when Italy became a republic following a referendum, the Regia Aeronautica was given its current name. Since its formation, the service has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. The acrobatic display team is the Frecce Tricolori.
Mizpah Creek incidents
The Mizpah Creek incidents, were a series of incidents that occurred from April 5 – June 8, 1879, between United States soldiers and civilians, and eight Northern Cheyennes, that resulted in the death of one U.S. soldier, and the capture of the eight Cheyenne, three of whom committed suicide in prison at Miles City, Montana Territory. The incidents occurred near Mizpah Creek, a tributary of the Powder River, in Montana Territory.

Montana Territory
The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the state of Montana.
Panoche Pass
Panoche Pass is a mountain pass within the Diablo Range in San Benito County, California connecting the southern extremity of the Santa Clara Valley in the west to the Panoche Valley and San Joaquin Valley in the east.  The name Panoche Pass is used for the United States Geological Survey quadrangle map for the local area. County Route J1, also known as the Panoche Road, traverses the pass.

The elevation of 2,250 feet (690 m) posted on the official highway sign is at least 130 feet (40 m) higher than that indicated on the official USGS topographic map of the area.

Panoche Valley
Panoche Valley is a grassland valley lying between the Diablo Range and the San Joaquin Valley, in San Benito County, California.  The valley is bound on the north by Panoche Hills, on the east by Tumey Hills, on the south by the Griswold Hills and Cerro Bonito, and on the in west by Las Aguilas Mountains.   The valley is known by naturalists as a hot spot for rare birds and mammals, and for providing a glimpse of old California.
2010 UCI Women's Road World Cup
The 2010 UCI Women's Road World Cup is the 13th edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. Although using most of the same races as the 2009 edition, there are some changes. The Tour de Berne has been dropped and replaced with the introduction of the new Tour of Chongming Island World Cup (which stands alongside the Tour of Chongming Island stage race and Tour of Chongming Island Time Trial) to World Cup status. Also new to the calendar is the GP Ciudad de Valladolid. The Montréal World Cup was originally planned for a late May slot, but later cancelled due to a loss of sponsorship. The Rund um die Nürnberger Altstadt was planned as the season finale, but was later downgraded to non-UCI status. Marianne Vos won the series, leading from the first round through to the finish. By winning two races, Emma Pooley won the most races.

Tour of Chongming Island
The Tour of Chongming Island International Cycling Race is an annual elite women's road bicycle racing stage race held in Shanghai, China, named after Chongming Island.

The Tour previously consisted of two races: a stage race and a one-day race. Between 2007 and 2009, the one-day race was a time trial; in 2010, the time trial was replaced by a one-day race, referred to as the Tour of Chongming Island World Cup, that was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup until 2015. From 2016, only the stage race was held, part of the new UCI Women's World Tour. The 2020, 2021 and 2022 editions of the race were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China.

Stages take place on the islands of Chongming and Changxing in the Yangtze estuary over mostly flat routes, with Cycling News calling the race a "sprinters paradise".
National Academy of Sciences Building
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Building houses the executive offices of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of Medicine. It is located at 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., in Washington, D.C. Designed by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, the building's architecture combines elements of Classicism and irregular forms into a new "Alexandrian" style. President Calvin Coolidge gave the principal address at the building dedication ceremony on April 28, 1924, referring to the building as a "Temple of Science".

Bertram Goodhue
Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (April 28, 1869 – April 23, 1924) was an American architect celebrated for his work in Gothic Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival design. He also designed notable typefaces, including Cheltenham and Merrymount for the Merrymount Press. Later in life, Goodhue freed his architectural style with works like El Fureidis in Montecito, California, one of three estates he designed.
Tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane
Tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane is an organomercury compound with the formula formula C(HgO2CCH3)4.  It was obtained in the investigation of Hofmann's base, an ill-defined yellowish material produced by treatment of mercuric oxide with base in ethanol.  Hofmann's base was once thought to have the formula C2Hg6(OH)2. Eventually it was found to dissolve in carboxylic acids (RCO2H) to give colorless derivatives of the type C(HgO2CR)4. Several tetramercurimethane derivatives have now been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Independent of studies on Hofmann's base, tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane was first prepared by reaction of the tetraborylmethane C(B(OCH3)2)4 with mercuric acetate.

Organomercury chemistry
Organomercury chemistry refers to the study of organometallic compounds that contain mercury.  Many organomercury compounds are highly toxic, but some are used in medicine, e.g., merbromin ("Mercurochrome") and the vaccine preservative thiomersal.
Homunculus Nebula
The Homunculus Nebula is a bipolar emission and reflection nebula surrounding the massive star system Eta Carinae, about 7,500 light-years (2,300 parsecs) from Earth.  The nebula is embedded within the much larger Carina Nebula, a large star-forming H II region. From the Latin homunculus meaning Little Man, the nebula consists of gas which was ejected from Eta Carinae during the Great Eruption, which occurred ~7,500 years before it was observed on Earth, from 1838 to 1845. It also contains dust which absorbs much of the light from the extremely luminous central stellar system and re-radiates it as infra-red (IR).  It is the brightest object in the sky at mid-IR wavelengths.

Within the Homunculus is a smaller Little Homunculus, and within that a shell of shocked material from stellar winds that has been called Baby Homunculus.

Reflection nebula
In astronomy, reflection nebulae are clouds of interstellar dust which might reflect the light of a nearby star or stars. The energy from the nearby stars is insufficient to ionize the gas of the nebula to create an emission nebula, but is enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Thus, the frequency spectrum shown by reflection nebulae is similar to that of the illuminating stars. Among the microscopic particles responsible for the scattering are carbon compounds (e. g. diamond dust) and compounds of other elements such as iron and nickel. The latter two are often aligned with the galactic magnetic field and cause the scattered light to be slightly polarized.
TREE-META
The TREE-META (or Tree Meta, TREEMETA) Translator Writing System is a compiler-compiler system for context-free languages originally developed in the 1960s. Parsing statements of the metalanguage resemble augmented Backus–Naur form with embedded tree-building directives. Unparsing rules include extensive tree-scanning and code-generation constructs.

ICT 1900 series
ICT 1900 was a family of mainframe computers released by International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) and later International Computers Limited (ICL) during the 1960s and 1970s.  The 1900 series was notable for being one of the few non-American competitors to the IBM System/360, enjoying significant success in the European and British Commonwealth markets.
Triazinane
Triazinanes are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Triazinanes have six-membered cyclohexane-like ring but with three carbon centers replaced by nitrogen.   The parent have the molecular formula (CH2)3(NH)3.  Three isomeric forms are possible, but only 1,3,5-triazinanes are common. 1,3,5-triazinane is a labile intermediate in the formation of hexamethylenetetramine from ammonia and formaldehyde.

Stable 1,3,5-Triorganotriazines are formed by condensation of primary amines and formaldehyde.

Hexamethylenetetramine
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), also known as 1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantane, is a heterocyclic organic compound with diverse applications. It has the chemical formula (CH2)6N4 and is a white crystalline compound that is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, explosives, and rubber additives. The compound is also used medically for certain conditions. It sublimes in vacuum at 280 °C. It has a tetrahedral cage-like structure similar to adamantane. The four vertices are occupied by nitrogen atoms, which are linked by methylene groups. Although the molecular shape defines a cage, no void space is available at the interior.
Sahibaan
Sahibaan is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Ramesh Talwar. It features Rishi Kapoor, Sanjay Dutt and Madhuri Dixit in the lead roles. It marked Kapoor's fourth onscreen collaboration with Talwar after Doosra Aadmi (1977), Duniya (1984) and Zamana (1985) and second with Dutt as well after Hathyar (1989).

There were many films before the one in 1993 based on the same folk story. Mirza Sahibaan in one such film.

Duniya (1984 film)
Duniya (transl. The World) is a 1984 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Ramesh Talwar, starring Ashok Kumar, Dilip Kumar, Rishi Kapoor, Amrita Singh in lead roles. The music was composed by R. D. Burman.

The telephone sequence from the movie - where the hero repeatedly calls a landline number but disconnects the call giving a feel of wrong connection but does not disconnect it finally when the villains are into discussion - is based on a similar sequence from the 1977 Kannada movie Olavu Geluvu.
1998 US Open – Women's singles
Lindsay Davenport defeated defending champion Martina Hingis in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1998 US Open. It was her first major singles title. Davenport did not lose a set during the tournament. The final was a rematch of the previous year's semifinal.

This marked the final US Open appearance of former world No. 1 and five-time champion Steffi Graf; she lost to Patty Schnyder in the fourth round. It was also the first US Open appearance for future world No. 1 and six-time champion Serena Williams; she was defeated by Irina Spîrlea in the third round.

1998 US Open (tennis)
The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 through September 13, 1998.
History of the FA Cup
The history of the FA Cup in association football dates back to 1871–72. Aside from suspensions during the First and Second World Wars, the competition has been played every year since.

For a complete listing of FA Cup winners, see the list of FA Cup finals.

Arthur Kinnaird, 11th Lord Kinnaird
Arthur Fitzgerald Kinnaird, 11th Lord Kinnaird, KT (16 February 1847 – 30 January 1923) was a British principal of The Football Association and a leading footballer, considered by some journalists as the first football star. He played in nine FA Cup Finals, a record that stands to this day. His record of five wins in the competition stood until 2010, when it was broken by Ashley Cole.

Kinnaird also served as president of The FA for 33 years. For his contributions to football and the FA Cup, he was given the FA Cup trophy itself to keep in 1911 when a new trophy was commissioned.
Tank Washington
Princeton O. Washington, known professionally as Tank Washington, is an American rapper and emcee from Austin, Texas, who has worked with artists like King Mez, Dee-1, ST 2 Lettaz, Stunnaman, GLC, Max Frost and Killa Kyleon.

Mez (rapper)
Mez, formerly known as King Mez, (born Morris W. Ricks II) is an American rapper, producer, songwriter and music video director. He is perhaps best known for his work with Dr. Dre and on the 2019 rap album Revenge of the Dreamers III. He was born on a military base in Fort Campbell, KY and grew up in Southeast Raleigh, NC.
Baranomys kowalskii
Baranomys kowalskii is extinct species of rodent, from the Baranomys genus of the Baranomyinae subfamily, of the Cricetidae family. It lived in Europe during Pliocene epoch, 15 million years ago, being one of the oldest known members of Baranomys family. It was an ancestor of modern Arvicolinae. The animal had been described by Miklós Kretzoi in 1959, who based his research on the fossils found near Podlesice village in Poland. It was named after a paleontologist and zoologist Kazimierz Kowalski.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Kevin Doyle (footballer)
Kevin Edward Doyle (born 18 September 1983) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He played for Wexford F.C. (formerly Wexford Youths), St Patrick's Athletic, and Cork City in his homeland before he moved to English side Reading. He was part of Reading's record-breaking promotion to the Premier League in 2006. In June 2009, he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers for a then-club record £6.5 million and finished his career in the United States with the Colorado Rapids.

Doyle made his debut for the Republic of Ireland national team in 2006. He scored fourteen goals in 62 appearances for Ireland and represented the country at UEFA Euro 2012.

In February 2018, Doyle took a job with the Wexford GAA Under-20s football team as an advisor to the team.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
4th Military Region
19°12′N 105°00′E﻿ / ﻿19.2°N 105°E﻿ / 19.2; 105

The 4th Military Region of Vietnam People's Army, is directly under the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam, tasked to organise, build, manage and command armed forces defending the North Central Vietnam. The predecessor, 4th War Zone (Vietnamese: Chiến khu) was established by the order of Ho Chi Minh on 15 October 1945, and this day has become the traditional day of the Military Zone. On 3 June 1957, Ho Chi Minh signed the ordinance 17/SL to establish 4th Military Zones on the basis of 4th Joint Zone (Vietnamese: Liên khu), simultaneously with other military zones: the North Vietnamese, North West, North East, Left Bank, Right Bank.

37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)
The 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) (Russian: 37-мм автоматическая зенитная пушка образца 1939 года (61-К)) is a Soviet 37 mm calibre anti-aircraft gun developed during the late 1930s and used during World War II. The land-based version was replaced in Soviet service by the AZP S-60 during the 1950s. Guns of this type were successfully used throughout the Eastern Front against dive bombers and other low- and medium-altitude targets. It also had some usefulness against lightly armoured ground targets.
Brute Force (video game)
Brute Force is a video game released for the Xbox by Microsoft in 2003. The game is a squad-based third-person shooter that uses four members of a team who fight in numerous battles. Each character on the team has their own strengths and weaknesses. The story is of a science-fiction setting where humans spread throughout the galaxy and tension arises with the threat of a hostile alien race that appears. The squad, Brute Force, is sent in to confront the enemy. Brute Force began as a PC game in 2000, but was soon after turned into a first-party title for the Xbox, following the buyout of Digital Anvil by Microsoft.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
Solanoideae
Solanoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Solanaceae, and is sister to the subfamily Nicotianoideae. Within Solanaceae, Solanoideae contains some of the most economically important genera and species, such as the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena), chili and bell peppers (Capsicum), mandrakes (Mandragora), and jimson weeds (Datura).

This subfamily consists of several well-established tribes: Capsiceae, Datureae, Hyoscyameae, Juanulloeae, Lycieae, Nicandreae, Nolaneae, Physaleae, Solandreae, and Solaneae. The subfamily also contains the contended tribes Mandragoreae and Jaboroseae.

Jaborosa
Jaborosa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, the nightshades. There are about 23 species, all native to South America, where they are distributed from Peru to Patagonia. Most occur in the Andes. Most can be found in Argentina and ten are endemic to the country.