hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2019. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

Tennis at the 2019 Pan American Games
Tennis competitions at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru are scheduled to be held from July 29 to August 4. The competitions will take place at the Club Lawn Tennis de La Exposición.

A total of 80 athletes (48 men and 32 women) are scheduled to compete in five events: singles and doubles for each gender and a mixed doubles event.

The top two in each individual event will qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics, if ranked in the top 300 in the world by June 8, 2020, and if their country has not passed the maximum quota.
2024 Grand Prix de Fourmies
The 2024 Grand Prix de Fourmies was the 91st edition of the Grand Prix de Fourmies, a one-day road cycling race in and around Fourmies in northern France. It was also the fifteenth event of the 2024 French Road Cycling Cup.

Grand Prix de Fourmies
The Grand Prix de Fourmies is a bicycle race held in the Fourmies commune of France. From 2005 to 2019 it was  organised as a 1.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. In 2021, it joined the UCI ProSeries, after being cancelled in 2020.
Elwha snowfinger
The Elwha snowfinger is a perennial snow field located near the Dodwell Rixon Pass, which is 4,763 ft (1,452 m) high and separates the watersheds of the Elwha and Queets rivers in the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state in the United States. This snowfield is created by continuous winter and spring avalanches into the upper pass area. It is the source of the Elwha River.

Snow field
A snow field, snowfield  or neve is an accumulation of permanent snow and ice, typically found above the snow line, normally in mountainous and glacial terrain.

Glaciers originate in snowfields. The lower end of a glacier is usually free from snow and névé in summer. In the upper end and above the upper boundary of a glacier, the snow field is an ice field covered with snow. The glacier upper boundary, where it emerges from under a snow field, is ill-defined because of gradual transition.
Idsteiner Kantorei
Idsteiner Kantorei (Idstein chorale) is a mixed choir in Idstein, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis, Germany. The group performs regularly in the Protestant Unionskirche in services and concerts, also in smaller churches of the region and internationally. They practice collaboration with other choirs for larger projects.

Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis
Rheingau-Taunus is a Kreis (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany. Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis is part of the Darmstadt region; its main administrative seat is Bad Schwalbach. Outposted sections of the local administration are located in Idstein and Rüdesheim am Rhein.

Neighbouring districts are the Hessian districts of Limburg-Weilburg, Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus-Kreis, district-free Wiesbaden and Mainz-Bingen and Rhein-Lahn which are located in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Kalmikoffs
The Kalmikoffs were a professional wrestling group of fictitious Soviet brothers. It began as a tag team consisting of Ivan (Edward Bogucki) and Karol (Karol Piwoworczyk) who were later joined by "brothers" Nikita (Nikita Mulkovitch) and Stan (or Igor) (Eric Pomeroy). They were very successful in the mid-1950s to early 1960s, especially the original tag team of Ivan and Karol.

American Wrestling Association
The American Wrestling Association (AWA) was an American professional wrestling promotion based in Minneapolis, Minnesota that ran from 1960 until 1991. It was founded by Verne Gagne and Wally Karbo. The promotion was born out of the Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, originally founded in 1933, which served as the Minnesota-based territory of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 1948 onward, before breaking away from the NWA and becoming an independent territory in 1960.
Heartbreak Ridge
Heartbreak Ridge is a 1986 American war film directed, produced by, and starring Clint Eastwood. The film co-stars Marsha Mason, Everett McGill, and Mario Van Peebles, and was released in the United States on December 5, 1986. The story centers on a U.S. Marine nearing retirement who gets a platoon of undisciplined Marines into shape and leads them during the American invasion of Grenada in 1983.

The title comes from the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge in the Korean War, in which Eastwood's character had been awarded the Medal of Honor.

Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and is one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the United States. It is on the Southern California coast in San Diego County and is bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente in Orange County to the north, La Cresta and Murrieta in Riverside County to the northeast, and Fallbrook to the east.

The base was established in 1942 to train U.S. Marines for service in World War II. By October 1944, Camp Pendleton was declared a "permanent installation," and by 1946 it became the home of the 1st Marine Division. It was named after Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (1860–1942), who had long advocated setting up a training base for the Marine Corps on the West Coast. Today it is home to many Operating Force units, including the I Marine Expeditionary Force and various training commands.
Beetham Estate Gardens
Beetham Estate Gardens is a neighbourhood in the twin island republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located south of Laventille and northeast of Sea Lots. It is bordered from west to east by the Beetham Highway and the Eastern Main Road and falls under the administration of Trinidad's capital city, Port- of- Spain. Formerly, a slum called "rat town", the community has evolved as a residential area but is still rife with systemic violence and is a clear example of environmental discrimination. In 2008–9 the government, under the leadership of the late Patrick Manning, built a 1.20-meter-high (3.9 ft) wall around the area in preparation for the 5th Summit of the Americas.

Sea Lots
Sea Lots is an area within Trinidad and Tobago. The area received its name because the government at the time parceled "lots" of land near the sea. This area is considered part of a group of localities that together are known as Laventille. Sea Lots, however, though very close to Laventille, is distinct from it.

Its close proximity to the sea also makes it very close to the port in Port of Spain, and many old and defunct vessels can be seen in the area. There are also various industrial facilities operating locally, so despite the large number of residents (mostly squatters) it is more of an industrial than a residential area. It is also known as a crime ridden community

In 2013, Machel Montano and Morgan Heritage collaborated on the song, "I See Lots", in an attempt to bring attention to the poverty and crime in the area, while showcasing the youth of the Sea Lots, who desperately need financial assistance and higher education.
Gmina Szamocin
Gmina Szamocin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Szamocin, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Chodzież and 72 km (45 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 125.46 square kilometres (48.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,292 (out of which the population of Szamocin amounts to 4,267, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,025).

Chodzież County
Chodzież County (Polish: powiat chodzieski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Chodzież, which lies 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań. The county also contains the towns of Szamocin, lying 16 km (10 mi) east of Chodzież, and Margonin, 13 km (8 mi) east of Chodzież.

The county covers an area of 680.58 square kilometres (262.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 46,967, out of which the population of Chodzież is 19,652, that of Szamocin is 4,267, that of Margonin is 2,956, and the rural population is 20,092.
Kirton Holme
Kirton Holme is a village in Lincolnshire, England. It is situated within Kirton civil parish, and approximately 4 miles (6 km) west from the town of Boston.

Kirton Holme church, Christ Church, is part of the Brothertoft Group also known as 'Five in the Fen', which also includes:

St Gilbert of Sempringham, Brothertoft

St Margaret of Scotland, Langrick

All Saints, Holland Fen

St Peter, Wildmore

The village County Primary School was erected in 1879 after the formation of the Kirton School Board, but closed in 1968.

Kirton Holme Golf Club is a nine-hole golf course, established in 1992.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Thrinkophyton
Thrinkophyton was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. Known fossils are of Lochkovian to Pragian age (420 to 411 million years ago).

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Thrinkophyton in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Hao and Xue in 2013 listed the genus as a zosterophyll.

Lochkovian
The Lochkovian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 million years ago to 413.02 ± 1.91 million years ago. It marked the beginning of the Devonian Period, and was followed by the Pragian Stage. It is named after the village of Lochkov in the Czech Republic, now part of the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Lochkow Formation at the Klonk Section in Prague.

In North America the Lochkovian Stage is represented by Gedinnian or Helderbergian time.
Endell Street
Endell Street, originally known as Belton Street, is a street in London's West End that runs from High Holborn in the north to Long Acre and Bow Street, Covent Garden, in the south. A long tall narrow building on the west side is an 1840s-built public house, the Cross Keys, Covent Garden.

Long Acre
Long Acre is a street in the City of Westminster in central London. It runs from St Martin's Lane, at its western end, to Drury Lane in the east. The street was completed in the early 17th century and was once known for its coach-makers, and later for its car dealers.
1336 Zeelandia
1336 Zeelandia, provisional designation 1934 RW, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 September 1934, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. The asteroid was named for the Dutch province of Zeeland.

Hendrik van Gent
Hendrik van Gent (14 September 1899, Pernis – March 29, 1947, Amsterdam) was a Dutch astronomer.

He moved to South Africa in 1928 in order to observe the southern sky at the Leiden Southern Station and the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. He obtained his PhD from Leiden University in 1931. He studied variable stars and also discovered three comets, namely C/1941 K1, C/1944 K2 and C/1943 W1. The Minor Planet Center credits him with the discovery of 39 numbered minor planets during 1929–1935.

He died of a heart attack at the age of 47 while on leave in the Netherlands. The crater Van Gent on the far side of the Moon, and the asteroid 1666 van Gent are named after him.
Iroquois Ironmen
Iroquois Ironmen were a Canadian professional indoor lacrosse team that played in the Canadian Lacrosse League. The Ironmen, along with the Ohsweken Demons, played out of the Iroquois Lacrosse Arena in Ohsweken, Ontario.  On November 8, 2013, team owner Rodney Hill announced that the team would be folding prior to the 2014 season.

Iroquois Lacrosse Arena
The Iroquois Lacrosse Arena is a box lacrosse arena on the outskirts of Hagersville, Ontario, Canada on the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve. The arena opened in 2004 and does not host hockey games as there is no refrigeration system for ice.

The arena is the home of the six-time Mann Cup winners the Six Nations Chiefs, the five-time Minto Cup winners the Six Nations Arrows, and the seven-time Founders Cup winners the Six Nations Rebels. From 2012 to 2016, the arena was home to two professional lacrosse clubs of the Canadian Lacrosse League, the SouthWest Cyclops and Ohsweken Demons.

The arena is the main practice facility of the Rochester Knighthawks. The Iroquois Lacrosse Arena hosted the 2006 Minto Cup tournament and the 2009 and 2017 Canadian Senior B Presidents Cup Championships.
Zofor Domri Mosque
The Zofor Domri Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الظفر دمري, romanized: Al-Ẓafar Damrī Mosque) is a destroyed mosque located in the Shuja'iyya area of the Old City of Gaza in the State of Palestine. It was built in c. 1360 CE during the Mamluk rule of the region and expanded in 1498. The mosque was damaged on multiple occasions by conflicts in the region, including the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. As of May 2025, it was reported that the mosque was damaged.

Old City of Gaza
31°30′12″N 34°27′48″E﻿ / ﻿31.50333°N 34.46333°E﻿ / 31.50333; 34.46333

The Old City of Gaza is the historical center of Gaza City, in the Gaza Strip. It consists of a heavily built up urban area with many historical buildings on a 10 - 30 metre high low-lying tell covering an area of about 100 hectares (1.0 km2). It sits at a distance of 3.5 km from the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea between two wadis: Wadi Gaza to the south, and Wadi el Hesi to the north.

For much of recorded history it has been the southernmost coastal city in the region of Palestine, occupying a strategic position on the ancient trade route the Via Maris, between Egypt and the Levant. Throughout its history, Gaza has been ruled by various empires, including the Philistines, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Romans, and Ottomans. Following Israeli bombardment during the ongoing Gaza–Israel conflict, the Old City has been described in 2024 as "a vast field of ruins".
William Jackson (Archdeacon of Killala)
William Oliver Jackson  was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th.

Jackson was born in County Mayo and  educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was ordained in 1847.  He became the incumbent of Killala in 1871; the Archdeacon of Killala in 1874; and Rural Dean in 1883. He died in 1903.

Archdeacon of Killala
The Archdeacon of Killala was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Killala until 1622;Killala and Achonry from 1622 until 1834; and of Tuam, Killala and Achonry from 1834, although it has now been combined to include the area formerly served by the Archdeacon of Achonry As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within his portion of the diocese. within the diocese. The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Isaac O'Maolfoghmhair, who died in 1235. to the last discrete incumbent William Colvin.
Ahron Daum
Ahron Daum (Hebrew: אהרן דאום; January 6, 1951 – June 27, 2018) was an Israeli-born Modern-Orthodox rabbi, educator, author, and former chief rabbi of Frankfurt am Main from 1987 to 1993. From 1995 until his death in 2018, he was a lecturer at the Faculty for Comparative Religion in Antwerp, Belgium.

Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב‎ Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from four sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).
Milnor's sphere
In mathematics, specifically differential and algebraic topology, Milnor's sphere is the first discovered exotic sphere. During the mid 1950's John Milnorpg 14 was trying to understand the structure of -connected manifolds of dimension  (since -connected -manifolds are homeomorphic to spheres, this is the first non-trivial case after)  and found an example of a space which is homotopy equivalent to a sphere, but was not explicitly diffeomorphic. He did this through looking at real vector bundles  over a sphere and studied the properties of the associated disk bundle. It turns out, the boundary of this bundle is homotopically equivalent to a sphere , but in certain cases it is not diffeomorphic. This lack of diffeomorphism comes from studying a hypothetical cobordism between this boundary and a sphere, and showing this hypothetical cobordism invalidates certain properties of the Hirzebruch signature theorem.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Delay equalization
In signal processing, delay equalization corresponds to adjusting the relative phases of different frequencies to achieve a constant group delay, using by adding an all-pass filter in series with an uncompensated filter.  Clever machine-learning techniques are now being applied to the design of such filters.

Group delay and phase delay
In signal processing, group delay and phase delay are functions that describe in different ways the delay times experienced by a signal’s various sinusoidal frequency components as they pass through a linear time-invariant (LTI) system (such as a microphone, coaxial cable, amplifier, loudspeaker, communications system, ethernet cable, digital filter, or analog filter).

These delays are sometimes frequency dependent, which means that different sinusoid frequency components experience different time delays. As a result, the signal's waveform experiences distortion as it passes through the system. This distortion can cause problems such as poor fidelity in analog video and analog audio, or a high bit-error rate in a digital bit stream.
Jean-Louis Touraine
Jean-Louis Touraine (born 8 October 1945) is a French politician and professor of medicine who served as a member of the National Assembly for Rhône's 3rd constituency from 2007 to 2022. He is a member of La République En Marche (LREM).

Departmental council (France)
The departmental councils (French: conseils départementaux [kɔ̃sɛj depaʁtəmɑ̃to]; singular, conseil départemental [kɔ̃sɛj depaʁtəmɑ̃tal]) of France are representative assemblies elected by universal suffrage in 98 of the country's 101 departments. Prior to the 2015 French departmental elections they were known as general councils (conseils généraux; singular, conseil général).
Manso Nkwanta (Ghana parliament constituency)
Manso Nkwanta is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Tweneboa Kodua Fokuo is the member of parliament for the constituency. Manso Nkwanta is located in the Amansie West District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Henry Cushier Raven
Henry Cushier Raven, better known as Harry Raven, (April 16, 1889 – April 5, 1944) was an American naturalist-explorer, scientific collector, mammologist, and anatomist at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New York. Raven crossed Africa from South to North and from East to West, traveled to previously unexplored Indonesian lands, and collected rare specimens from Australia and Greenland. His contribution to the natural history collections of several museums had a significant impact on the field of zoology. Raven also authored numerous publications and was the first to establish the complete anatomy of the gorilla from specimens that he had collected and preserved.

William King Gregory
William King Gregory (May 19, 1876 – December 29, 1970) was an American zoologist, primatologist, paleontologist, and functional and comparative anatomist. He was an expert on mammalian dentition, and a contributor to theories of evolution. He presented his ideas to students and the general public through books and museum exhibits.
Trimma nasa
Trimma nasa, commonly called the nasal dwarfgoby or nasal pygmy goby, is a species of goby from the Western Pacific. They are small fish, averaging at around 2 cm (0.79 in) in length. They are bright orange and transparent yellow in life, with a white stripe running down from between the eyes to the upper lip and a dark brown spot at the base of the tail fin. They are usually found in large schools in the sloping or vertical drop-offs at coral reef edges.

Nasal helmet
The nasal helmet was a type of combat helmet characterised by the possession of a projecting bar covering the nose and thus protecting the centre of the face; it was of Western European origins and was used from the late 9th century to at least c. 1250.