hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ole Rødder
Ole Rødder (1743–1806) was a Norwegian violinist. He became the first paid musician of Bergen's Musikselskabet Harmonien in 1783, serving as concertmaster of the orchestra, which later became the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. Rødder was a stadsmusikant (town musician) in Bergen from 1789. He was a regular visitor to the Altona tavern, where the orchestra rehearsed in its early days.

Concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair (US) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra, or the principal clarinetist or oboist in a concert band. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble.
Gnosis (chaos magic)
In chaos magic, gnosis or the gnostic state refers to an altered state of consciousness in which a person's mind is focused on only one point, thought, or goal and all other thoughts are thrust out. The gnostic state is used to bypass the "filter" of the conscious mind – something thought to be necessary for working most forms of magic.

Since it takes years of training to master this sort of Zen-like meditative ability, chaos magicians employ a variety of other ways to attain a "brief 'no-mind' state" in which to work magic.

Gnosis
Gnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge (γνῶσις, gnōsis, f.). The term was used among various Hellenistic religions and philosophies in the Greco-Roman world. It is best known for its implication within Gnosticism, where it signifies a spiritual knowledge or insight into humanity's real nature as divine, leading to the deliverance of the divine spark within humanity from the constraints of earthly existence.
Seht, er lebt
"Seht, er lebt" (Look, he lives) is a Christian poem written by the Catholic priest Lothar Zenetti in 1973. With an Israeli melody, it became an Easter hymn in the Neues Geistliches Lied (NGL) genre, first published in 1975. In the 2013 Catholic hymnal Gotteslob, it appears as GL 781 in the regional section for the Diocese of Limburg.

Neues Geistliches Lied
Neues Geistliches Lied (German: [ˈnɔʏəs ˈɡaɪstlɪçəs ˈliːt], lit. new spiritual song), abbreviated NGL, is a music genre of songs in German intended for church usage, and based on contemporary lyrics and with music by contemporary composers.
Gulab Yadav
Gulab Yadav is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Jhanjharpur in the 2015 Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. He also contested the 2019 Lok Sabha election from Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency) as a member of Rashtriya Janata Dal but lost.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
NST Minimum
The NST Minimum is a German powered hang glider that was designed and produced by NST-Machinenbau of Werther, North Rhine-Westphalia. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered hang glider
A foot-launched powered hang glider (FLPHG), also called powered harness, nanolight, or hangmotor, is a powered hang glider harness with a motor and propeller often in pusher configuration, although some can be found in tractor configuration. An ordinary hang glider is used for its wing and control frame, and the pilot can foot-launch from a hill or from flat ground, needing a length of about a football field to get airborne, or much less if there is an oncoming breeze and no obstacles.
Kampong Glam
Kampong Glam  (IPA: /ˈɡlɑːm/ GLAHM; Malay: Kampung Gelam; Jawi: کامڤوڠ ڬلم ; Chinese: 甘榜格南; pinyin: Gānbǎnggénán; Tamil: கம்போங் கிளாம்) is a neighbourhood and ethnic enclave in Singapore. It is located north of the Singapore River, in the planning area of Rochor, known as the Malay-Muslim quarter.

Shophouse
A shophouse is a building type serving both as a residence and a commercial business. It is defined in the dictionary as a building type found in Southeast Asia that is "a shop opening on to the pavement and also used as the owner's residence", and became a commonly used term since the 1950s. Variations of the shophouse may also be found in other parts of Asia; in Southern China, Hong Kong, and Macau, it is found in a building type known as Tong lau, and in towns and cities in Sri Lanka. They stand in a terraced house configuration, often fronted with arcades or colonnades, which present a unique townscape in Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, and South China.
Research and Development Tax Incentive
The Research and Development Tax Incentive (R&D) is a government programme that aims to stimulate Australian investment in R&D. It has been in place since 1 July 2011 and replaced the R&D Tax Concession. The tax incentive reduces company R&D costs by offering tax offsets for eligible R&D expenditure. The tax incentive is jointly administered by Industry Innovation and Science Australia (IISA) and the Australian Taxation Office (ATO).

Australian Taxation Office
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian Government. The ATO has responsibility for administering the Australian federal taxation system, superannuation legislation, and other associated matters. Responsibility for the operations of the ATO is within the portfolio of the Treasurer of Australia and the Treasury.

As the Australian government's principal revenue collection body, the ATO collects income tax, goods and services tax (GST) and other federal taxes. The ATO also has responsibility for managing the Australian Business Register, delivering the Higher Education Loan Program, delivering many Australian government payments and administering key components of Australia's superannuation system.
Sapria himalayana
Sapria himalayana, commonly known as the hermit's spittoon, is a rare holoparasitic flowering plant related to Rafflesia found in the Eastern Himalayas. Sapria himalayana represents the extreme manifestation of the parasitic mode, being completely dependent on its host plant for water, nutrients and products of photosynthesis which it sucks through a specialised root system called haustoria. These haustoria are attached to both the xylem and the phloem of the host plant.

Eastern Himalayas
The Eastern Himalayas extend from eastern Nepal across Northeast India, Bhutan, the Tibet Autonomous Region to Yunnan in China and northern Myanmar. The climate of this region is influenced by the monsoon of South Asia from June to September. It is a biodiversity hotspot, with notable biocultural diversity.
Lord's Resistance Army insurgency (2002–2005)
The period from 2000 to 2006 of the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency in northern Uganda began with the assault of the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) upon LRA strongholds in South Sudan.  This in turn, led to a series of retaliatory attacks by the Lord's Resistance Army of an intensity not seen to since the mid-1990s.  International awareness of the conflict gradually grew, and in September 2005, the International Criminal Court issued warrants for the arrest of senior LRA commanders, including Joseph Kony.

Luis Moreno Ocampo
Luis Moreno Ocampo (born 4 June 1952) is an Argentine lawyer who served as the first prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from 2003 to 2012. Previously, he had played a major role in Argentina's democratic transition (1983–1991).
Kleodora Peak
Kleodora Peak is a 2,850-metre (9,350 ft) mountain summit located in the Athabasca River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It is situated at the head of Fryatt Creek  Valley on the same high ridge as Mount Christie, Brussels Peak, Mount Lowell, Xerxes Peak, and Karpathos Peak (Mount Olympus). Its nearest higher peak is Parnassus Peak, 1.0 km (0.62 mi) to the north. The mountain was named for Kleodora,  who in  Greek mythology lived on Mount Parnassus. The name has not been officially adopted yet for this peak. An unnamed glacier lies below the eastern slope in the cirque between Kleodora Peak and Mount Belanger.

Mount Christie (Alberta)
Mount Christie is a 3,103-metre (10,180 ft) mountain summit located in the Athabasca River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. The nearest higher peak is Brussels Peak, 1.67 km (1.04 mi) to the south-southwest. Mount Christie can be seen from the Icefields Parkway.
Troy Stetina
Troy Stetina (born November 16, 1963) is an American guitarist and music educator. He was the director of Rock Guitar Studies at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music and writer for Guitar One magazine, and now teaches independently. He has more than forty rock and metal instructional methods and has sold over 1 million units. He has authored over 40 guitar methods for Hal Leonard LLC.

OnMilwaukee
OnMilwaukee is a digital media company and online magazine. It provides lifestyle and culture news about Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Articles on the site primarily focus on dining and entertainment, as well as daily briefs and blogs.
Château de Bois-Seigneur-Isaac
Bois-Seigneur-Isaac Castle (French: Château de Bois-Seigneur-Isaac) is a stately home in Ophain-Bois-Seigneur-Isaac, Wallonia, part of the commune of Braine-l'Alleud, Walloon Brabant, Belgium. The present building dates from 1737, but the site is substantially older.

Associated with the House of Snoy, the château's notable residents include the diplomat Jean-Charles Snoy et d'Oppuers (1907–91),

Ophain-Bois-Seigneur-Isaac
Ophain-Bois-Seigneur-Isaac (Walloon: Opin) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Braine-l'Alleud, located in the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium.

It was a municipality in its own right before the fusion of the Belgian municipalities in 1977.

Some popular spots to see are La grange, Ferme du Moulin à Eau, Carrefour express, Place d'Ophain, Chez Detant, and Chateau Bois Seigneur.
Great Cove massacre
The Great Cove massacre was an attack by Shawnee and Lenape warriors led by Shingas, on the community of Great Cove, Pennsylvania (sometimes referred to as Big Cove, modern day McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania in what was, at the time, Cumberland County) on 1 November 1755, in which about 50 settlers were killed or captured. Following the attack, settlers returned to the community to rebuild, and the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania began constructing a chain of forts and blockhouses to protect settlers and fend off further raids. These forts provided an important defense during the French and Indian War.: 218

Pennsylvania Provincial Council
The Pennsylvania Provincial Council helped govern the Province of Pennsylvania from 1682 to 1776. The provincial council was based on the English parliamentary system and was analogous to the Upper House or House of Lords. From the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania of 1683, the provincial council consisted of 18 to 72 members from the province's counties. The council had the power to dismiss the General Assembly, rule in the absence of the Governor or Lieutenant Governor, create courts, and make judicial appointments.
Look Around (Apple)
Look Around is a technology featured in Apple Maps that provides interactive panoramas from positions along a number of streets in various countries.
Look Around allows the user to view 360° street-level imagery, with smooth transitions as the scene is navigated. Look Around was introduced with iOS 13 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in June 2019. It was publicly released as part of iOS 13 on September 19, 2019.

Apple Maps
Apple Maps is a web mapping service developed by Apple. As the default map system of iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS, it provides directions and estimated times of arrival for driving, walking, cycling, and public transportation navigation. A "Flyover" mode shows certain urban centers and other places of interest in a 3D landscape composed of models of buildings and structures.

First released on September 19, 2012, Apple Maps replaced Google Maps as the default map system on Apple devices. At launch, it drew criticism from users and reviewers for incorrect directions, sparse data about public transportation, and various other bugs and errors. Apple has since further developed the software to address the issues raised by such criticism.

While previously exclusive to Apple devices, Apple released a cross-platform MapKit JS API in 2018, allowing Apple Maps to be embedded on the web.

As of July 2024, Apple Maps is available directly on Apple's website.
Frederick William Sanderson
Frederick William Sanderson (13 May 1857 – 15 June 1922) was headmaster of Oundle School from 1892 until his death.  He was an education reformer, and both at Oundle, and previously at Dulwich College where he had started as assistant master, he introduced innovative programmes of education in engineering.  Under his headmastership, Oundle saw a reversal of a decline from which it had been suffering in the middle of the 19th century, with school enrollment rising from 92 at the time of his appointment to 500 when he died.

Sanderson was the inspiration for the progressive headmaster character in H. G. Wells' novel Joan and Peter.  Wells had sent his own sons to Oundle, and was friendly with Sanderson.  After Sanderson's death, which occurred shortly after delivering an address to Wells and others, Wells initially worked on his official biography, entitled Sanderson of Oundle, but later abandoned it in favour of an unofficial biography, The Story of a Great Schoolmaster.

Worshipful Company of Grocers
The Worshipful Company of Grocers is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London. Established in 1345 for wholesalers who dealt in "grosses", it is one of the Great Twelve City Livery Companies, ranking second in the order of precedence after the Mercers. The Company's motto is "God Grant Grace".

The Grocers' Company continues as a charitable, constitutional and ceremonial institution which plays a significant role in the election of and supporting the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs of the City of London.

The Company provides banqueting and conference facilities at Grocers' Hall situated in Prince's Street, next to the Bank of England.
San Bartolomé, Las Palmas
San Bartolomé (Spanish meaning Saint Bartholomew) is a town and municipality in the Canary Islands (Spain) situated in the centre of the island of Lanzarote. The municipality of San Bartolomé stretches to the southeastern coast of the island.

It has an area of 40.89 square kilometres (15.79 sq mi) and, as of 2019, a population of 18,816, resulting in a population density of 460/km2. Its altitude is 240 metres above sea level.

The town is located northwest of Arrecife, the island's capital, to which it is connected by the LZ-20 road. The municipality lies southwest of Teguise, southeast of Tinajo, which includes the Timanfaya National Park, and northeast of Tías. The municipality also includes the coastal town of Playa Honda to its southeast, located between Arrecife and Lanzarote Airport.

Most of the inhabitants work as craftsmen, farmers or in the service for tourism which is the biggest economic factor on Lanzarote.

Tinajo (municipality)
Tinajo is a municipality in the western part of the island of Lanzarote in the Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, Spain. The population is 6119 (2018), and the area is 135.28 square kilometres (52.23 sq mi). The municipality is located on the island's northwestern coast and is northwest of the island's capital, Arrecife. The main town in the municipality is Tinajo.
Lattu Koshai
Lattu Koshai (Bengali: লাট্টু কসাই, transl. Lattu the Butcher) is a 2014 Bangladeshi action-drama film directed by P. A. Kajol and produced by Mohammad Dulal Miah under the banner of Dulon Kothachitro. It features superstar Shakib Khan, Ferdous, Monowar Hossain Dipjol, Munmun and Shahnoor in the lead roles. Also Nasir Khan, Ilias Kobra, Nagma, Sharmili Ahmed and Sadek Bachchu performed in supporting roles.

Monowar Hossain Dipjol played as an antagonist after 8 years in the film, who has been acting as a hero since the 2006 film Koti Takar Kabin, after which he no longer played an antagonist. The film was released on February 28, 2014.

Koti Takar Kabin
Koti Takar Kabin (Bengali: কোটি টাকার কাবিন, lit. 'One Crore Taka Marriage Settlement') is a Bangladeshi romantic comedy produced by Ami Boni Kothachitra and directed by F I Manik. The film was released in 2006 all over Bangladesh. It stars Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Razzak, Farooque, and Suchorita.
Fishing Creek Schoolhouse
Fishing Creek Schoolhouse (historically pronounced "Fishing Crik") is a historic school located in the Villas census-designated place, of Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The schoolhouse was built in 1888 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 6, 1980.

Villas, New Jersey
Villas, also known as the Villas, is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Lower Township, in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The locality is also home to the community of Miami Beach. At the 2010 census, the CDP's population was 9,483.

Villas is served by ZIP code 08251, which extends northward of Miami Beach to encompass the Del Haven community of Middle Township.
Wardensville School
Wardensville School was located in Wardensville, West Virginia.  The school building is still standing today. In 1980, the Wardensville and Mathias School consolidated and became East Hardy High School. The Wardensville School mascot was the Warrior.

East Hardy High School
East Hardy High School is a high school located in Baker, West Virginia. It was established in the late 1970s after the consolidation of two K-12 schools in Eastern Hardy County: Mathias School and Wardensville School. The school's mascot is the Cougar. The school was listed in the U.S. News & World Report top high schools in the United States every year from 2008 to 2012.
Rietavas
Rietavas (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Rėitavs; Polish: Retów) is a town in Lithuania on the Jūra River. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 3,979. It is the capital of Rietavas municipality.

The town is famous for building the first power station to produce electricity in Lithuania in 1892. The first telephone line in Lithuania was also built here.

Rietavas Municipality
Rietavas Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania.

According to the 2021 Lithuanian census, Rietavas Municipality had the highest fertility rate in Lithuania - with an average of 2.019 children per woman, compared to the national average of just 1.506 children per woman.

55°43′30″N 21°57′07″E﻿ / ﻿55.72500°N 21.95194°E﻿ / 55.72500; 21.95194
Wigginton, Hertfordshire
Wigginton (Wigentone - 1086) is a large village and civil parish running north–south and perched at 730 ft (220 m) on the edge of the Chiltern Hills and beside the border with Buckinghamshire. It is part of  Dacorum district in the county of Hertfordshire.  The nearest towns are Tring in Hertfordshire (1.5m NW) and across the other side of the A41, Chesham (6m S) and Wendover (6m W), both in Buckinghamshire. Adjacent to the main village is the settlement of Wigginton Bottom where a number of farmworkers cottages were built during the 19th century.

Dacorum
Dacorum is a local government district with borough status in Hertfordshire, England. The council is based in Hemel Hempstead. The borough also includes the towns of Berkhamsted and Tring and surrounding villages. The borough had a population of 155,081 in 2021. Dacorum was created in 1974 and is named after the medieval "hundred" (a type of county division) of Dacorum, which had covered a similar area. The borough of Dacorum is the westernmost of Hertfordshire's ten districts. It borders St Albans, Three Rivers, Buckinghamshire and Central Bedfordshire.
Slipjoint
A slipjoint knife is one of the most ubiquitous types of pocketknives. A slipjoint knife consists of a handle with one or more folding blades. These blades are held in position by a strong "backspring" which biases them towards the open and closed position (that is the spring tries to hold the blade closed until it has been pulled past a 90 degree arc from the handle, when the spring force reverses and the blade is inclined to spring to the open position—or at least resists closing once open. Some knife blades feature a "neutral" position where when opened to 90 degrees from the handle, the blade enters a third detent and neither tries to open or close.) Contrast this with the penny knife, which has no locking mechanism other than friction, or locking knives, which mechanically lock the blade in position.

Penny knife
The penny knife was a originally a simple 18th century utility knife with a fixed blade.  It got the name penny knife because it cost 1 penny in England and the United States towards the end of the 18th century.

The famous Fuller's Penny Knife helped gain the reputation of Sheffield, England cutlers in the pre-industrial era of the early 18th century.
A Passionate Pilgrim
A Passionate Pilgrim is a novella by Henry James, first published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1871. The story was the earliest fiction that James included in the New York Edition (1907–1909) of his works. Set in England, the tale shows James' strong interest in the contrast between the Old World and the New. In fact, the difference between America and Europe erupts into open conflict in the story, which leads to an ironic ending.

Library of America
The Library of America (LOA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. Founded in 1979 with seed money from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford Foundation, the LOA has published more than 300 volumes by authors ranging from Nathaniel Hawthorne to Saul Bellow, Frederick Douglass to Ursula K. Le Guin, including selected writing of several U.S. presidents. Anthologies and works containing historical documents, criticism, and journalism are also published. Library of America volumes seek to print authoritative versions of works; include extensive notes, chronologies, and other back matter; and are known for their distinctive physical appearance and characteristics.
Geography of Ecuador
Ecuador is a country in western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, for which the country is named. Ecuador encompasses a wide range of natural formations and climates, from the desert-like southern coast to the snowcapped peaks of the Andes mountain range to the plains of the Amazon Basin. Cotopaxi in Ecuador is one of the world's highest active volcanos. It also has a large series of rivers that follow the southern border and spill into the northwest area of Peru.

Pichincha (volcano)
Pichincha is a stratovolcano in Ecuador. The capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes.

The two highest peaks of the mountain are Wawa Pichincha (Kichwa wawa child, baby / small, Spanish spelling Guagua Pichincha) (4,784 metres (15,696 ft)) and Ruku Pichincha (Kichwa ruku old person, Spanish Rucu Pichincha) (4,698 metres (15,413 ft)). The active caldera is in Wawa Pichincha on the western side of the mountain.