hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nasidia gens
The gens Nasidia was an obscure plebeian family at Rome. The gens is best known from Quintus Nasidius, one of the admirals of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus during the Civil War. Although none of the Nasidii are known to have held any of the higher offices of the Roman state, a number are known from inscriptions. A coin of this gens depicts the head of Pompeius and a trident on the obverse, and on the reverse a ship, with the inscription Q. Nasidius.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Myles Allen
Myles Robert Allen CBE FRS FInstP (born 11 August 1965) is an English climate scientist. He is Professor of Geosystem Science in the University of Oxford's 

School of Geography and the Environment, and head of the Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics Department.

Fellow of the Institute of Physics
Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) is "the highest level of membership attainable" by physicists who are members of the Institute of Physics (IOP), "for those with a degree in physics or related subject (or equivalent knowledge gained in the workplace) and who have made a significant impact on their sector"; it is for "distinguished physicists in recognition of their accomplishments".

Honorary Fellowship (HonFInstP) is for "exceptional individuals" who can be nominated in recognition of having "contributed to physics generally or to the work of the IOP", working in fields including business, education, research, and policy relating to physics. The Institute's bye-laws limit the number of fellows in this category to being not more than 100 living Honorary Fellows at any one time.
Naitō Ienaga
Naitō Ienaga (内藤 家長; 1546 – September 8, 1600) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku Period through Azuchi-Momoyama Period, who served the Tokugawa clan. He was the son of Naitō Kiyonaga. Ienaga served Tokugawa Ieyasu from a young age, and was famed for his skill with the bow. He assisted in the suppression of the Ikkō-ikki of Mikawa Province, and this earned him Ieyasu's trust.

After Ieyasu's move to the Kantō region in 1590, Ienaga was granted the 20,000 koku fief of Sanuki in Kazusa Province. In 1600, he was assigned to Fushimi Castle together with Torii Mototada and Matsudaira Ietada. He is believed to have been one of the last of the castle's defenders to be killed, during the assault on the castle by the forces of Ishida Mitsunari.

Ienaga was succeeded by his son Masanaga, who served during the Osaka Campaign of 1615.

Torii Mototada
Torii Hikoemon Mototada (鳥居 彦右衛門 元忠; 1539 – September 8, 1600) was a Japanese samurai and daimyo of the Sengoku-through late-Azuchi–Momoyama periods, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu. Torii died at the siege of Fushimi, where his garrison was greatly outnumbered and destroyed by the army of Ishida Mitsunari. Torii's refusal to surrender had a great impact on Japanese history; the fall of Fushimi bought Ieyasu time to regroup his army and eventually win the Battle of Sekigahara.
Aetosaurinae
Aetosaurinae is one of the two main clades of aetosaurs, the other being Desmatosuchia. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to Aetosaurus than Desmatosuchus. Aetosaurinae currently comprises Aetosaurus, similar forms such as Coahomasuchus and Stenomyti, and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade Typothoracinae.

Aetosaurus
Aetosaurus is an extinct genus of pseudosuchian reptile belonging to the order Aetosauria. It is generally considered to be the most primitive aetosaur. Three species are currently recognized: A. ferratus, the type species from Germany and Italy; A. crassicauda from Germany; and A. arcuatus from eastern North America. Additional specimens referred to Aetosaurus have been found in the Chinle Group of the southwestern United States, and the Fleming Fjord Formation of Greenland. Specimens of Aetosaurus occur in Norian-age strata.
William M. Wright
William Mason Wright (September 24, 1863 – August 16, 1943) was a career officer in the United States Army. He attained the rank of lieutenant general and was most notable for his service as a division and corps commander during World War I.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Fred Norcross
Fred Stephenson "Norky" Norcross Jr. (July 14, 1884 – April 4, 1965) was an American college football player and coach and mining engineer. He was the quarterback for the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905, leading the team to a 33–1–1 record in three seasons, including national championships in 1903 and 1904. Norcross was the head football coach Oregon State University, then known as Oregon Agricultural College, from 1906 to 1908. After retiring from football, Norcross worked in the mining industry for more than 40 years, holding positions in British Columbia, Cuba, New Mexico, Mexico, New York, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. He also served as a major in the U.S. Army, 27th Engineers during World War I.

Menominee, Michigan
Menominee (/məˈnɒməni/ mə-NOM-ə-nee) is a city in Menominee County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,488 at the 2020 census. It is located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, on the north bank of the Menominee River at its mouth on Green Bay, part of Lake Michigan. Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, and Escanaba. Menominee Township is located to the north of the city, but is politically autonomous. Menominee is part of the Marinette micropolitan area.
Smooth-backed frog
The smooth-backed frog (Lithobates psilonota) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae endemic to Mexico.

This species is native to western Mexico, including southern Zacatecas, northern Aguascalientes, and southern Nayarit, and south to western Jalisco and northwestern Colima. It inhabits the basins of the Ameca, Armeria, and Grande de Santiago rivers, between 350 and 2,400 meters elevation.

Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.

It is threatened by habitat loss.

Río Grande de Santiago
The Río Grande de Santiago, or Santiago River, is a river in western Mexico. It flows westwards from Lake Chapala via Ocotlán through the states of Jalisco and Nayarit to empty into the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the longest rivers in Mexico, measuring up 433 km (269 mi) long.
Bourasso Department
Bourasso is a department of Kossi Province in western Burkina Faso. It is in the Boucle du Mouhoun Region. The capital of the department is Bourasso. The population of the department in 2019 was 20,115.

Kossin Province
The Province de la Kossin (known as Kossi until 2025) lies in the western part of Burkina Faso and stretches to the border with Mali. It is in the Boucle du Mouhoun Region. The capital of Kossi is the town of Nouna, which has a mayor and high commissioner. The next largest town in Kossin is Djibasso, the last major town on the road from Nouna that heads west into Mali.

In the early 2010s, a major road through the Kossin was paved with support from the Millennium Challenge Corporation. The road links the major towns of Dedougou and Nouna, then continues westward to Djibasso and the border with Mali.
Tony Steratore
Tony Steratore is a former American football official in the National Football League (NFL) who wore uniform number 112. He had worked as a back judge from the 2000 NFL season until his retirement in the 2021 offseason. For the 2020 NFL season, Steratore was scheduled to be the back judge on the officiating crew headed by referee Jerome Boger, but chose to opt due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He is a native of the Pittsburgh suburb of Washington, Pennsylvania.  Former NFL referee Gene Steratore Jr. is his younger brother. His father, Gene Steratore Sr., was an official in both college football and basketball. He officiated two Super Bowl games, which were Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville, Florida, and Super Bowl XLVI in Indianapolis.

Outside of his NFL officiating duties, Tony Steratore is the president of Steratore Sanitary Supplies in Washington, Pennsylvania; his younger brother Gene is vice-president.

Jerome Boger
Jerome Leonard Boger (/ˈboʊɡər/ BOH-gər; born July 1, 1955) is a former American football official who worked in the National Football League (NFL) for the 2004 through 2022 seasons.  He has worn uniform number 23 since 2006; before that, he wore uniform number 109. He started in the league as a line judge and was promoted to referee in 2006 after two seasons.  Along with Gene Steratore, he was one of two new referees for 2006, replacing retired officials Bernie Kukar and Tom White.  Boger became the third African-American referee in the NFL after Johnny Grier (1988), who previously wore uniform number 23, and Mike Carey (1995).
OpenGrok
OpenGrok is a source code cross-reference and search engine. It helps programmers search, cross-reference, and navigate source code trees to aid program comprehension.

It can read program file formats and version control histories such as Monotone, Subversion, Mercurial, Git, ClearCase, Perforce, AccuRev, Razor, and Bazaar.

The name comes from the term grok, a computing jargon term meaning "intuitive understanding".

OpenGrok is being developed mainly by the community with the help of a few engineers from the Oracle Corporation. OpenGrok is released under the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL).

It is mainly written in Java, with some tooling done in Python. It relies on the analysis done by Ctags. There is an official Docker image available.

GNU Bazaar
GNU Bazaar (formerly Bazaar-NG, command line tool bzr) is a distributed and client–server revision control system sponsored by Canonical.

Bazaar can be used by a single developer working on multiple branches of local content, or by teams collaborating across a network.

Bazaar is written in the Python programming language, with packages for major Linux distributions, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows. Bazaar is free software and in 2008 became  part of the GNU Project. It was used by Canonical for their Launchpad code hosting website. The last release was in 2016. In 2025 Canonical announced the retirement of Bazaar. Breezy is a fork of Bazaar.
Statue of Joseph Ward
Joseph Ward is a marble sculpture depicting the American educator of the same name by Bruno Beghé, installed United States Capitol Visitor Center's Emancipation Hall, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was donated by the U.S. state of South Dakota in 1963.

National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its visitor center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia (see Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, fourteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.
Battle of Homildon Hill
The Battle of Holmedon Hill or Battle of Homildon Hill was a conflict between English and Scottish armies on 14 September 1402 in Northumberland, England. The battle was recounted in William Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1. Although Humbleton Hill is the modern name of the site, over the centuries it has been variously named Homildon, Hameldun, Holmedon, and Homilheugh.

Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk
Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk, great-grandson of Henry de Swinton who appears on the Ragman Roll, was a distinguished soldier and statesman in the reigns of Robert II of Scotland and Robert III of Scotland. (See Clan Swinton)
Harpaphe
Harpaphe is a genus of flat-backed millipedes native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. The genus contains three described species: two occurring only in northern California, and one with a large range extending from Southeast Alaska to Central California.

Polydesmida
Polydesmida (from the Greek poly "many" and desmos "bond") is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. Millipedes in this order are found in all regions of the world other than Antarctica.
Wanshan Special Vehicle
Wanshan Special Vehicle, officially Hubei Sanjiang Space Wanshan Special Vehicle Co., Ltd (Ch:湖北三江航天万山特种车辆有限公司), is a truck and bus manufacturer in China. Its WS-series military trucks are used by the People's Liberation Army; it is a major manufacturer of transporter erector launchers (TEL).

ZF Friedrichshafen
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, originally Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (lit. 'Friedrichshafen Gear Factory'), and commonly abbreviated to ZF, is a German technology manufacturing company that supplies systems for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and industrial technology. It is headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south-west German state of Baden-Württemberg. Specializing in engineering, it is primarily known for its design, research and development, and manufacturing activities in the automotive industry and is one of the largest automotive suppliers in the world.

Its products include driveline and chassis technology for cars and commercial vehicles, along with specialized plant equipment such as construction equipment. It is also involved in the rail, marine, defense and aviation industries, as well as general industrial applications. ZF has 162 production locations in 31 countries with approximately 156,000 (2025) employees.
International reactions to Fitna
The international reaction to Fitna consisted of condemnation from Muslims, several fatwa against Geert Wilders, and attempts by many Islamic countries to censor the film. The Dutch government immediately distanced itself from the film. Several Muslim organizations and political parties organized boycotts against Dutch products.

Ministry of Justice and Security
The Ministry of Justice and Security (Dutch: Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid; JenV) is the Dutch ministry responsible for justice, imprisonment and public security. The ministry was created in 1798 as the Department of Justice, before it became in 1876 the Ministry of Justice. In 2010, it took over the public safety duties from the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations and became Ministry of Security and Justice. In 2017 the ministry was renamed to Ministry of Justice and Security.
Glasgow North
Glasgow North is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster). It elects one Member of Parliament (MP)  by the first-past-the-post voting system.

It was first contested at the 2005 general election, and the incumbent MP is Martin Rhodes who was elected for Scottish Labour in 2024.

At the 2016 referendum on UK membership of the European Union, the constituency voted overwhelmingly in favour of "Remain" with 78.4%. This was the fourth-highest support for a Remain vote in any constituency in the United Kingdom.

Partick East/Kelvindale (ward)
Partick East/Kelvindale (Ward 23) is one of the 23 wards of Glasgow City Council; used since the 2017 local election, it is one of two created from the Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland's 5th Review. The ward returns four council members.
KKST
KKST (98.7 FM, "Kiss 98.7") is an American radio station broadcasting an urban contemporary format. Licensed to Oakdale, Louisiana, United States, the station serves the Alexandria area. The station is currently owned by Cenla Broadcasting Licensing Company, LLC. and the signal covers Alexandria, Natchitoches and surrounding communities.  Its studios are located on Texas Avenue in Alexandria, and its transmitter is located near Forest Hill, Louisiana.

KRRV-FM
KRRV-FM (100.3 MHz) is an American radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Alexandria, Louisiana, United States, the station serves the Alexandria area.  The station is currently owned by Cenla Broadcasting Licensing Company, LLC.  Its studios are located on Texas Avenue in Alexandria, and its transmitter is located near Forest Hill, Louisiana.
Silniczka
Silniczka [ɕilˈnit͡ʂka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Żytno, 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 97 km (60 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It has a population of approximately 60 people.

Żytno
Żytno [ˈʐɨtnɔ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żytno. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Radomsko and 96 km (60 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a private town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Loudon Park Cemetery
Loudon Park Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland. It was incorporated on January 27, 1853, on 100 acres (40 ha) of the site of the "Loudon" estate, previously owned by James Carey, a local merchant and politician. The entrance to the cemetery is located at 3620 Wilkens Avenue.

The cemetery and Loudon Park Funeral Home, Inc. are locally owned and operated. Both the cemetery and the funeral home became privately owned in 2014 when they were acquired from Service Corporation International (SCI). Loudon Park Funeral Home was built on the grounds of the historic cemetery by Stewart Enterprises in 1995. SCI acquired Stewart Enterprises in 2013.

Service Corporation International
Service Corporation International is an American provider of funeral goods and services as well as cemetery property and cremation services. It is headquartered in Neartown, Houston, Texas, and operates secondary corporate offices in Jefferson, Louisiana (near New Orleans). SCI operates more than 1500 funeral homes and 400 cemeteries.
Aksumite currency
Aksumite currency was coinage produced and used within the Kingdom of Aksum (or Axum) centered in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. Its mintages were issued and circulated from the reign of King Endybis around AD 270 until it began its decline in the first half of the 7th century where they started using Dinar along with most parts of the Middle East. During the succeeding medieval period, Mogadishu currency, minted by the Sultanate of Mogadishu, was the most widely circulated currency in the eastern and southern parts of the Horn of Africa from the beginning of the 12th century.

Aksum's currency serves as an indicator of the kingdom's contemporary cultural influences and religious climate (first polytheistic and later Oriental Christianity). It also facilitated the Red Sea trade on which it thrived. The coinage has also proved invaluable in providing a reliable chronology of Aksumite kings due to the lack of extensive archaeological work in the area.

Kaleb of Axum
Kaleb (Ge'ez: ካሌብ, Latin: Caleb), also known as Elesbaan (Ge'ez: እለ አጽብሐ, Koine Greek: Ἐλεσβαᾶς), Ella Asbeha, or Hellestheaios, was King of Aksum, which was situated in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Estadio 15 de Abril
The 15 de Abril is a stadium in Santa Fe, Argentina. It is currently used primarily for football matches and it is the home ground of club Unión de Santa Fe.

The venue bears his name in homage to the date the club was founded. It was the first made of cement and with artificial lighting in the region. Currently it has a capacity of 29,000.

The Estadio 15 de Abril was the fourth and last move that Unión had, which, during its first two decades of life, had gone through two of its own playing fields. The first was the now non-existent Santa Coloma square, the second where the Nuestra Señora del Calvario School currently operates at the intersection of Urquiza and Suipacha streets; while the third was where the rectory of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral is located today in

Unión de Santa Fe
Club Atlético Unión (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkluβ aˈtletiko wˈnjon]; mostly known as Unión de Santa Fe [uˈnjon de santa ˈfe]) is a sports club from Santa Fe, the capital city of the Santa Fe Province, in Argentina. The club was founded on 15 April 1907.
Unión is mostly known for its football team and currently plays in the Argentine Primera División.

Other sports practised at the club include basketball, futsal, gymnastics, field hockey, swimming, karate, rugby union, roller skating, and volleyball. The basketball team competes in Liga Nacional de Básquet, the top division of basketball in Argentina.
Cholathadam
Cholathadam is a rural area in Kottayam district of the state of Kerala, India. It is part of the village of Poonjar Thekkekara, located 15 km (9.3 mi) from the town Erattupetta. It is flanked by Koottickal on the east and Vengathanam Estate / Chotty on the west.

Cholathadam is situated in Poonjar Mundakkayam Root, 10 km (6.2 mi) from Poonjar and 10 km (6.2 mi) from Mundakkayam. Cholathadam consists of Cholathadam East, Chakkippara and Kaithakulam.

Mundakayam
Mundakayam, is a town in Kanjirappally Taluk in the Kottayam District of Kerala. It is the doorway to the high ranges of southern Kerala, and is at the border of Kottayam and Idukki districts. The next nearest town, Kanjirappally, is 14 km (8.7 mi) & Erumely is 12 km from Mundakayam. Mundakayam has rubber plantations, and greenery. The Manimala River runs through Mundakayam. It is located 48 km east of the district headquarters at Kottayam and 148 km from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. The name Mundakayam is said to be derived from the Mundi cranes that used to be seen along the Manimala River banks.