hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Controversies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal
There have been a number of controversies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal since its foundation. 
Firstly, there have been several strikes and demonstrations on the part of both staff and students. Some strikes from 2009 onward have involved police intervention and the use of riot control measures, as well as violence on the part of some strikers. 
Secondly, there have been a series of legal and disciplinary actions taken by senior university management against academics for speaking in public about the university. These actions have drawn wide criticism, both from academics and from organizations such as Cosatu and UNESCO.

Malegapuru Makgoba
Malegapuru William Makgoba (born 1952 in Sekhukhune, South Africa) is a leading South African immunologist, physician, public health advocate, academic and former vice-chancellor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
In 2013 he was recognised as "a pioneer in higher education transformation", by being awarded the Order of Mapungubwe in Silver.
Michel Waisvisz
Michel Waisvisz (/ˈvaɪsvɪs/ VYSSE-viss; 8 July 1949, Leiden – 18 June 2008, Amsterdam) was a Dutch composer, performer and inventor of experimental electronic musical instruments. He was the artistic director of STEIM in Amsterdam from 1981, where he collaborated with musicians and artists from all over the world.

Maarten Altena
Maarten van Regteren Altena (born January 22, 1943) is a Dutch composer and contrabassist.
Altena attended the Conservatorium van Amsterdam (he studied contrabass) and graduated in 1968. Between 1980 and 1985, he studied composition with Robert Heppener.
Karniffel
Karniffel or Thuringian Karnöffel was a trick-taking card game for four players, playing in pairs, the rules of which were recorded in some detail in a German periodical of the late 18th century where it was described as being played by the Thuringian peasantry. Karniffel was a descendant of the original Karnöffel.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.
Varilux
Varilux is a brand name belonging to Essilor International, a producer of corrective lenses. The first version of the lens was invented by Bernard Maitenaz and released in 1959, and was the first modern progressive lens to correct presbyopia. The progressive lens is characterized by correcting near, intermediate and far vision.

Corrective lens
A corrective lens is a transmissive optical device that is worn on the eye to improve visual perception. The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Glasses or "spectacles" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye. Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye. Intraocular lenses are surgically implanted most commonly after cataract removal but can be used for purely refractive purposes.
Valtesse
Valtesse, located at 45°42′57″N 9°40′05″E﻿ / ﻿45.71583°N 9.66806°E﻿ / 45.71583; 9.66806, is a quarter of the city of Bergamo in the north part of the city between the hill of Città Alta and Maresana Hill. The population is approximately 10,000.

Valtesse was a part of the fourth circoscrizione (administrative unit of the city), and is divided into two Roman Catholic parishes: Sant'Antonio da Padova and San Colombano. Valtesse borders with the borough of Valverde, Bergamo, Conca Fiorita, Monterosso and the municipality of Ponteranica.

Composer Gaetano Donizetti was buried in the cemetery of Valtesse in 1848, before his body was transferred to Bergamo's Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in 1875.

Valverde, Bergamo
Valverde is a quarter in the city of Bergamo, located on the north side of the hill of the città alta. It has a population of 3,775 as of 1 February 2018.

It contains a Roman Catholic parish with a church dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.  The parish church was damaged by a blaze in November 2006.

The Castello di Valverde in its present form is a 16th-century structure on the site of a medieval castle.
Harter Fell (Eskdale)
Harter Fell is a fell in the western part of the English Lake District, located between the Eskdale and Duddon valleys. Its height is 653 metres (2,142 ft) There are several walking routes to the summit.

Eskdale, Cumbria
Eskdale is a civil parish in the west of the Lake District National Park, and the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is named after the Eskdale valley which the River Esk flows through on its way from the fells of the Lake District to the Irish Sea at Ravenglass. The civil parish is not coterminous with the valley, as the parish also includes the upper valley of the River Mite (Miterdale), whilst the lower reaches of the River Esk are in the civil parish of Muncaster. Most of the parish's population is concentrated in the two villages of Eskdale Green and Boot.

One of the Lake District's most popular tourist attractions, the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, runs through the parish, though along with other western parts of the Lake District, Eskdale is notably quieter during the high summer season than the more accessible eastern areas.
A Woman Is a Weathercock
A Woman is a Weathercock is a comedy by the English actor and dramatist Nathan Field, first performed c1609/1610 by the Children of the Queen's Revels at the Whitefriars indoor playhouse in London. It was the first play written by Field, who was aged around 22 at the time and for nearly a decade previously had been the star player of the company of boy actors.

Though the title of the play might suggest the misogyny that was popular as a theatrical topic at the time, in fact the main female characters are found to be innocent of the accusation of inconstancy, and the play attacks the iniquity of arranged marriages. A happy ending is brought about against the will of the central characters' father – and Field portrays most of the male characters in a far worse light than the women.

John Payne Collier
John Payne Collier (11 January 1789 – 17 September 1883) was an English writer and scholar. He was well known for publishing many books on Shakespeare. However, his reputation has declined as a result of the Perkins Folio forgery.
Sport in Delhi
Sport in Delhi has a long and distinguished history. Delhi is the capital territory of India; it has hosted many major international tournaments and has professional teams in different national leagues like Hockey India League, Indian Premier League and Indian Super League.

Indira Gandhi Arena
The Indira Gandhi Arena (officially Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium), formerly known as the Indraprashtha Stadium, is located at the Indraprastha Estate in the eastern part of New Delhi. It is the largest indoor sports arena in India and among the largest in Asia. The multi-purpose arena is regularly used by tennis club Indian Aces and DSA Senior Division Futsal League.
Gmina Przygodzice
Gmina Przygodzice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Przygodzice, which lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of the town of Ostrów Wielkopolski.

The gmina covers an area of 163.48 square kilometres (63.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,320.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Barycz Valley Landscape Park.

Ostrów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Ostrów County (Polish: powiat ostrowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrów Wielkopolski, which lies 100 kilometres (62 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Nowe Skalmierzyce, 22 km (14 mi) east of Ostrów Wielkopolski, Odolanów, 10 km (6 mi) south of Ostrów Wielkopolski, and Raszków, 8 km (5 mi) north of Ostrów Wielkopolski.

The county covers an area of 1,160.65 square kilometres (448.1 sq mi). As of 2020, its total population is 161,581. In 2006 the population of Ostrów Wielkopolski was 72,577, that of Nowe Skalmierzyce  5,080, that of Odolanów  4,960, that of Raszków 2,037, and the rural population was 73,753.
Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn ABDeh 8/8
The Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn ABDeh 8/8, now known as the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn ABDeh 8/8, is a three member class of metre gauge, rack rail, electric multiple units operated until 2002 by the Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn (BVZ), and since then by its successor, the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB), in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland.

The class is so named under the Swiss locomotive and railcar classification system. According to that system, ABDeh 8/8 denotes an electric railcar with first and second class compartments, a baggage compartment, and a total of eight axles, all of which are drive axles fitted with cogwheels for rack rail operation.

The class entered the BVZ fleet in 1965.  All of its members were rebuilt in 1985–88, and again in 1999.  They are presently used on peak period Zermatt Shuttle trains, and as reserve vehicles.

Swiss locomotive and railcar classification
For more than a century, the Swiss locomotive, multiple unit, motor coach and railcar classification system, in either its original or updated forms, has been used to name and classify the rolling stock operated on the railways of Switzerland.  It started out as a uniform system for the classification and naming of all rolling stock, powered and unpowered, but had been replaced and amended by the UIC classification of goods wagons.
Gente de razón
Gente de razón (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxente ðe raˈθon], "people of reason" or "rational people") is a Spanish term used in colonial Spanish America and modern Hispanic America to refer to people who were culturally Hispanicized. It was a social distinction that existed alongside racial categories. Indigenous peoples (indios or "Indians"), who maintained their culture and lived in their legally recognized communities (the repúblicas de indios), and mixed-race people (the castas), especially the poor in urban centers, were generally considered not to be gente de razón.

Hispanicization
Hispanicization or Hispanization (Spanish: hispanización) refers to the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by Hispanic culture or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Hispanic becomes Hispanic. Hispanicization is illustrated by spoken Spanish, production and consumption of Hispanic food, Spanish language music, and participation in Hispanic festivals and holidays. In the former Spanish colonies, the term is also used in the narrow linguistic sense of the Spanish language replacing indigenous languages.
Saduria
Saduria is a genus of benthic isopod crustaceans in the family Chaetiliidae, containing the following species:

Saduria entomon (Linnaeus, 1758)

Saduria megalura (G. O. Sars, 1879)

Saduria sabini (Krøyer, 1849)

Saduria sibirica (Birula, 1896)

Saduria entomon
Saduria entomon  is a benthic isopod crustacean of the family Chaetiliidae. It is distributed along the coasts of the Arctic Ocean and of the northern Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the brackish Baltic Sea, where it is considered a glacial relict. Moreover, it is present in a number of North European lakes, including Ladoga, Vänern and Vättern. It has been introduced into the Black Sea.
Wilbur Heine
Wilbur Heine is a Marshallese politician and government minister. From May 2014 to January 2016 he was Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands.
In 2013 he was the Minister for Internal Affairs. Heine has done much work towards the environment, against climate change and disasters in the Marshall Islands.

In February 2016, he was appointed as minister of education in the cabinet led by his mother, President Hilda Heine.

Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands
Minister of Assistance to the President of the Marshall Islands is a member in the cabinet of Marshall Islands. The person is appointed by the President from among the members of the Nitijela. The person acts as a substitute for the President of the Marshall Islands as his or her vice president.
Allied technological cooperation during World War II
The Allies of World War II cooperated extensively in the development and manufacture of new and existing technologies to support military operations and intelligence gathering during the Second World War. There are various ways in which the allies cooperated, including the American Lend-Lease scheme and hybrid weapons such as the Sherman Firefly as well as the British Tube Alloys nuclear weapons research project which was absorbed into the American-led Manhattan Project. Several technologies invented in Britain proved critical to the military and were widely manufactured by the Allies during the Second World War.

M1919 Browning machine gun
The M1919 Browning is a .30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1919 saw service as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S and many other countries.

The M1919 was an air-cooled development of the standard U.S. machine gun of World War I, the John M. Browning-designed water-cooled M1917. The emergence of general-purpose machine guns in the 1950s pushed the M1919 into secondary roles in many cases, especially after the arrival of the M60 in US Army service.

The United States Navy also converted many to 7.62 mm NATO and designated them Mk 21 Mod 0; they were commonly used on riverine craft in the 1960s and 1970s in Vietnam. Many NATO countries also converted their examples to 7.62 mm caliber, and these remained in service well into the 1990s, as well as up to the present day in some countries.
93 Leonis
93 Leonis (93 Leo) is a binary star in the constellation Leo. Its apparent magnitude is 4.522. Based on the system's parallax, 93 Leonis is located about 233 light-years (71 parsecs) away.

93 Leonis is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. Two components are known to exist, because their spectral lines shift periodically, due to the Doppler effect. The two stars are a G-type red giant and an A-type main-sequence star. They complete an orbit once every 71.69 days. The system is also known to be an RS Canum Venaticorum variable, due to its binarity. For that reason, it has been given the variable star designation DQ Leonis.

In Chinese astronomy, 93 Leonis is called 太子, Pinyin: Tàizǐ, meaning Crown Prince, because this star is marking itself and stand alone in Crown Prince asterism, Supreme Palace enclosure mansion (see : Chinese constellation).

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Donald Mackenzie-Kennedy
Sir Henry Charles Donald Cleaveland Mackenzie-Kennedy KCMG (1889 – 2 August 1965) was a British colonial administrator who was Governor of Nyasaland between 1939 and 1942, and 25th Governor of Mauritius from 5 July 1942 to 5 December 1948.

In 1930, Mackenzie-Kennedy was Chief Secretary of Northern Rhodesia. He was urged to deny the Ndola Welfare Association permission to meet, since mine owners might react unfavorably to an organization such as this being led by civil servants. In June 1935, he wrote to Sir Stewart Gore-Browne urging him to stand for election in Broken Hill, to Northern Rhodesia's legislative council, saying "Your duty is clear."

Governor of British Mauritius
The governor of Mauritius was the official who governed the Crown Colony of Mauritius (now Republic of Mauritius) during the British colonial period between 1810 and 1968. Upon the end of British rule and the independence of Mauritius in 1968, this office was replaced by the governor-general, who represented the British monarch and not the Government of the United Kingdom as did the governor. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1992 and replaced by the post of President when Mauritius became a republic.
Düztaş, Derik
Düztaş (Kurdish: Tahtik) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Derik, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Sefan tribe and had a population of 922 in 2021.

Derik, Turkey
Derik (Kurdish: Dêrîka Çiyayê Mazî) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,381 km2, and its population is 62,028 (2022). Derik is situated in Mardin Province within the predominantly Kurdish-speaking region of southeastern Turkey. The district's population is largely Kurdish-speaking, reflecting the broader demographic character of Mardin Province.
Timeline of Guntur
This gives a timeline of major and important events that took place in the Guntur region of India.

In India history has been kept for thousands of years mainly through the culture, traditions, the science of Vedas and Puranas. The traditional time scale is clearly defined in Yugas cycles. The two epic events listed below are based on the traditional time scale. The Guntur district is home to the oldest evidence of humans in India, in the form of old Stone Age implements.

Tanguturi Prakasam
Tanguturi Prakasam (23 August 1872 – 20 May 1957), also known as Prakasam Pantulu, was an Indian jurist, politician, and Gandhian anti-colonial nationalist. During a demonstration against the Simon Commission in Madras, he exposed his chest to armed police and dared them to shoot. A major anti-colonial leader, his actions earned him the epithet 'Andhra Kesari' (lit. 'Lion of Andhra') among his admirers. He served as the premier of the Madras Presidency from 1946 to 1947 and played a major role in the abolition of Zamindari in the region. Following Indian independence, Tanguturi served as the first chief minister of the newly created Andhra State, from 1953 to 1954.
Microsoft Configuration Manager
Microsoft Configuration Manager (ConfigMgr) is a systems management software product developed by Microsoft for managing large groups of computers providing remote control, patch management, software distribution, operating system deployment, and hardware and software  inventory management.
Configuration Manager supports the Microsoft Windows and Windows Embedded operating systems.  Previous versions also supported macOS (OS X), Linux or UNIX, as well as Windows Phone, Symbian, iOS and Android mobile operating systems.

As per the latest release cadence, starting in the year 2023, customers will receive two releases of Configuration Manager per year, one in March (xx03), and another in September (xx09) rather than the previous release cadence of xx03, xx07, and xx11.

Remote monitoring and management
Remote monitoring and management (RMM) is a category of information technology (IT) management software that enables internal IT departments and external managed service providers (MSPs) to monitor, manage, and support endpoints such as servers, desktops, laptops, and mobile devices remotely by means of locally installed agents that can be accessed by a management service provider. RMM software provides centralized oversight of distributed systems, automates routine maintenance, and allows proactive support without requiring technicians to be physically present at the endpoint location.
2011 Formula 3 Brazil Open
The 2011 Formula 3 Brazil Open was the second Formula 3 Brazil Open race held at Autódromo José Carlos Pace from January 20–23, 2011.

After perfect weekend of competition, the Brazilian Lucas Foresti of the Cesário Fórmula was crowned champion ahead of Yann Cunha competing for the Bassan Motorsport, Foresti team-mate Victor Guerin finished in third place. In Class B the Brazilian Raphael Abbatte was the winner.

Formula 3 Brazil Open
The Formula 3 Brazil Open, also known as the F3 Brazil Open, was an annual open wheel racing event at the grand prix circuit of Autódromo José Carlos Pace (Interlagos) in São Paulo, Brazil. The inaugural meeting took place in January 2010. In 2015, the cancellation was announced due to the renovation of Interlagos, but has not been done after that.

The rules and regulations are the same as used in the long-running Formula Three Sudamericana series, using Dallara chassis fitted with 260 bhp Berta engines and Pirelli tyres. The event is open to drivers of any nationality who are of Formula Three standard.

There are four races during the weekend but from the final one only will the winner be crowned: the first three act as qualifying races to decide the grid for the final race.
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Golf and Country Club
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Golf and Country Club, formerly known as Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, is a golf course in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Located near the Subang Airport, the club has three 9-hole loops designed by Australian five-time Open champion Peter Thomson.

Shah Alam
Shah Alam (/ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/, Malaysian: [ʃah ˈalam], from Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957.
Wenquan Township, Qinghai
Qukoi Township (Tibetan: ཆུ་ཁོལ་ཞང་།) or Wenquan Township (Chinese: 温泉乡) is a township in Xinghai County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the east of Qinghai province, China. The township has seven village committees within it. Rain water samples have been taken at an altitude of 3,933 metres (12,904 ft) within the township.

Xinghai County
Xinghai County (Chinese: 兴海县; Tibetan: བྲག་དཀར་རྫོང་།) is a county under the jurisdiction of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the east-central part of Qinghai Province, China.

Xinghai has an area of 13,158 km2 (5,080 sq mi), and a 2001 population of 60,000.
Glossary of nanotechnology
This glossary of nanotechnology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to nanotechnology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

For more inclusive glossaries concerning related fields of science and technology, see Glossary of chemistry terms, Glossary of physics, Glossary of biology, and Glossary of engineering.

Buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a football. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors.

Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a purple solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and has received intense study, although few real world applications have been found.

Molecules of buckminsterfullerene (or of fullerenes in general) are commonly nicknamed buckyballs.