hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
False vacuum
In quantum field theory, a false vacuum is a hypothetical vacuum state that is locally stable but does not occupy the most stable possible ground state. In this condition it is called metastable. It may last for a very long time in this state, but could eventually decay to the more stable one, an event known as false vacuum decay. The most common suggestion of how such a decay might happen in our universe is called bubble nucleation‌—if a small region of the universe by chance reached a more stable vacuum, this "bubble" (also called "bounce") would spread.

A false vacuum exists at a local minimum of energy and is therefore not completely stable, in contrast to a true vacuum, which exists at a global minimum and is stable.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Bergslagen Line
The Bergslagen Line (Swedish: Bergslagsbanan) is a railway line consisting of two sections, from Gävle via Falun, Ställdalen to Kil, Värmland, and from Ställdalen to Frövi. Although not officially, the Norway/Vänern Line is also often regarded part of the Bergslagen Line, because it was before the renaming 1990. Construction began in 1855 and the line opened in 1879.

At Kil, the line connects with the Norway/Vänern Line, the Fryksdal Line and the Värmland Line. At Borlänge, it connects to the Dala Line, at Frövi to the Freight Line through Bergslagen, and in Gävle with the Northern Main Line and the East Coast Line.

Northern Main Line
The Northern Main Line (Swedish: Norra stambanan) is a 268-kilometre (167 mi) long electrified railway in Sweden, between Gävle or Storvik and Ånge. The railway consists of single track except the parts between Mo grindar and Holmsveden, Kilafors and Bollnäs, and Ramsjö and Ovansjö, a total of 91 kilometres (57 mi) double track.

The railway passes Gävle or Storvik, Ockelbo, Ljusdal and Ånge.
Disk covering problem
The disk covering problem asks for the smallest real number  such that  disks of radius  can be arranged in such a way as to cover the unit disk. Dually, for a given radius ε, one wishes to find the smallest integer n such that n disks of radius ε can cover the unit disk.

The best solutions known to date are as follows.

Covering problems
In combinatorics and computer science, covering problems are computational problems that ask whether a certain combinatorial structure 'covers' another, or how large the structure has to be to do that. Covering problems are minimization problems and usually integer linear programs, whose dual problems are called packing problems.

The most prominent examples of covering problems are the set cover problem, which is equivalent to the hitting set problem, and its special cases, the vertex cover problem and the edge cover problem.

Covering problems allow the covering primitives to overlap; the process of covering something with non-overlapping primitives is called decomposition.
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
The recurrent branch of the median nerve is the branch of the median nerve which supplies the thenar muscles. It is also occasionally referred to as the thenar branch of the median nerve, or the thenar muscular branch of the median nerve.

Flexor retinaculum of the hand
The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament) is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.
6–11 Grosvenor Park Road, Chester
6–11 Grosvenor Park Road is a terrace of houses in Chester, Cheshire, England.  The building is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It was designed by the Chester architect John Douglas, and the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner describes it as "a brilliant group of brick houses".

Grosvenor Park, Chester
Grosvenor Park is a public park in the city of Chester, Cheshire, England (grid reference SJ412663). It consists of 20 acres (8.1 ha) of land overlooking the River Dee. It is regarded as one of the finest and most complete examples of Victorian parks in the North West of England, if not nationally. On 22 August 2013 the designation of the park was raised from Grade II in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens to Grade II*.
Niederstaufenbach
Niederstaufenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.

County Palatine of Veldenz
The County Palatine of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate with full voting rights to the Reichstag. The county was located partially between Kaiserslautern, Sponheim and Zweibrücken, partially on the Mosel in the Archbishopric of Trier. A municipality of the same name, Veldenz, and a castle, Schloss Veldenz, are located in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich.
2021 ACC men's soccer tournament
The 2021 ACC men's soccer tournament was the 35th edition of the ACC Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Atlantic Coast Conference champion and a guaranteed representative into the 2021 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament. The final was played at WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary, North Carolina.

The Clemson Tigers were the defending champions, but were unable to defend their title, as they fell to Duke in the semifinals.  Notre Dame won their first ACC title, by defeating NC State in the first round, Louisville on penalties in the quarterfinals, Pittsburgh in the semifinals, and Duke in the final, 2–0.  It was also the first ACC title for head coach Chad Riley.  Notre Dame was the 5 seed entering the tournament, and they became the lowest seeded team to win since Syracuse in 2015, who won as the 7th seed.

ACC men's soccer tournament
The ACC men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in soccer for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).  The tournament has been held every year since 1987.  It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records.

The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer championship. Beginning in 2024, the tournament expanded from 12 teams to 15, with the No. 1 seed receiving a first-round bye; seeds 2-8 hosting first-round games; No. 1 seed and top remaining seeds in each bracket hosting quarterfinal games. The semifinals and championship game are all played at the same location.

Virginia is the most winning team of the ACC tournament with 11 conference titles.
1984 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament
The 1984 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament began on 8 February and ended on 21 February 1984 and was the 7th CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament. Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Uruguay did not participate. Brazil and Chile qualified for the 1984 Summer Olympics.

CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament
The CONMEBOL Preolímpico (English: Pre-Olympic Tournament) is an international association football event in the South America region organized by CONMEBOL. It is the qualification tournament for the football tournament at the Olympic Games.

In 1960, teams from North and Central America also entered the tournament. Before 1984, only junior or non-professional players were allowed to participate. In 1987 the competition opened to any player who had not played in World Cup (whether a qualifying match or at the final tournament). Due to an International Olympic Committee ruling, since 1992, male competitors have been required to be under 23 years old, and since 1996, a maximum of three over-23-year-old players have been allowed per squad.

The tournament was not held between 2007 and 2015, as the South American Youth Championship was chosen as the qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games. The competition was re-introduced for the 2020 games.
Minnesota's 2nd Senate District
The Minnesota Senate, District 2, encompasses the North-Central part of Minnesota. It stretches from Lake of the Woods County south to the White Earth Indian Reservation. It includes all or portions of Becker, Beltrami, Clearwater, Hubbard, Lake of the Woods, Mahnomen, Otter Tail and Wadena counties.  It is currently represented by Republican Steve Green.

Becker County, Minnesota
Becker County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,183, and was estimated to be 35,444 in 2024, Its county seat is Detroit Lakes.

Part of the White Earth Indian Reservation extends into the county.
Billy Kenneally
William Kenneally (12 October 1925 − 26 August 2009) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He first stood for election at the 1961 general election but was unsuccessful. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Waterford constituency at the 1965 general election.

He was re-elected at each subsequent election until he lost his seat at the February 1982 general election. He was elected to the 16th Seanad in 1982 on the Administrative Panel. He did not contest the 1983 Seanad election.

Kenneally was twice Mayor of Waterford city in the 1970s and 1980s. His father William Kenneally also served as a TD for Waterford from 1952 to 1961, and his son Brendan Kenneally is a former TD for Waterford.

He died in Waterford Regional Hospital on 26 August 2009.

16th Seanad
The 16th Seanad was in office from 1982 to 1983. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the February 1982 general election to the 23rd Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 17th Seanad.
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. Its main use is for protecting livestock against roundworm, strongyles, and pinworms.  Oxfendazole is the sulfoxide metabolite of fenbendazole. Like mebendazole, oxfendazole inhibits tubulin polymerization.

Oxfendazole is an anthelmintic (wormer) compound used in veterinary practice. It comes under the chemical class of the benzimidazoles. This drug is rarely used in horses, goats, sheep, and cattle. It is very scarcely applied on dogs and cats. The drug for livestock is majorly available in the form of pills, tablets, drenches, bolus, etc. They are meant for oral consumption. Several drenches are allowed for intraruminal injection in some of the countries. Few countries also prefer injectables and pour-ons. For pet dogs, the drug is available in the form of drenches.

Sulfoxide
In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl (>SO) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group.  Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that gives freshly crushed garlic its aroma, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent.
Jibrin Ndajiwo
Jibrin Ndatsu Ndajiwo (29 March 1948 – 11 August 2020) was a teacher and jurist who served as Chief Judge of the Niger States from 1991 to retirement in 2013, he also held a chieftain title of Magajin Garin Nupe till  deceased. He was succeeded by Fati Lami Abubakar as acting chief judge.

Fati Lami Abubakar
Fatima Lami Abubakar CON  (born 12 April 1951) is a Nigerian jurist who was the First Lady of Nigeria during the term of Abdulsalami Abubakar from June 1998 to May 1999. After her reign as First Lady, Abubakar was the Chief Judge of Niger State from 2013 to 2016.
Apostolic visitor
In the Catholic Church, an apostolic visitor (or Apostolic Visitator; Italian: Visitatore apostolico) is a papal representative with a transient mission to perform a canonical visitation of relatively short duration.  The visitor is deputed to investigate a special circumstance in a diocese or country, and to submit a report to the Holy See at the conclusion of the investigation.

Congregation (Roman Curia)
In the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church, a congregation (Latin: Sacræ Cardinalium Congregationes) was a type of department. They were second-highest-ranking departments, ranking below the two Secretariats, and above the pontifical councils, pontifical commissions, tribunals and offices.

Originally, congregations were select groups of cardinals drawn from the College of Cardinals, commissioned to take care of some field of activity that concerned the Holy See. After the Second Vatican Council, members included diocesan bishops from diverse parts of the world who are not cardinals. Each congregation also had a permanent staff.

Each congregation was led by a prefect, who is usually a cardinal. A non-cardinal appointed to head a congregation was styled pro-prefect until made a cardinal. This practice was later abandoned.

Under the reforms of Pope Francis, the congregations were each turned into what are now known as dicasteries.
Longbridge plant
The Longbridge plant is an industrial complex in Longbridge, Birmingham, England, currently leased by SAIC as a research and development facility for its MG Motor subsidiary. Whilst vehicle assembly ended in 2016, the Longbridge plant currently serves as the MG Motor Technical Centre which is responsible for checking each MG vehicle which was assembled in China before being sold in Europe. Opened in 1905, by the late 1960s, Longbridge employed around 25,000 workers, building cars including the original Mini, but by April 2025, had fallen to just 46 employees.

In the Second World War, the main plant produced munitions and tank parts, while the nearby East Works of Austin Aero Ltd at Cofton Hackett produced Short Stirling and  Hawker Hurricane aircraft. Since the collapse of MG Rover in 2005, part of the site has been redeveloped for commercial and residential use.

Rover 400 / 45
The Rover 400 Series, and later the Rover 45, are a series of small family cars that were produced by the British manufacturer Rover from 1990 to 2005. The cars were co-developed as part of Rover's collaboration with Honda. The first-generation 400 was based on the Honda Concerto, and the Mark II 400 (later the Rover 45) was based on the Honda Domani/Civic.

Honda petrol engines were used in some Rover models, while the market competitive Rover L-series diesel engine was used from the mid-1990s in Hondas, before they designed their own diesel engine.
Abell 1835 BCG
Abell 1835 BCG (short for Abell 1835 Brightest Cluster Galaxy) is a Type-cD galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.25 and it was first discovered by astronomers who were conducting a study of X-ray clusters in 1992. It is the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of Abell 1835.

Abell 1835
Abell 1835 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is a cluster that also gravitational lenses more-distant background galaxies to make them visible to astronomers.  The cluster has a red shift of around 75,900 km/s and spans 12′.

In 2004, one of the galaxies lensed by this cluster was proposed to be the most distant galaxy known, Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916.
Exserohilum antillanum
Exserohilum antillanum is a species of fungus in the family Pleosporaceae. Found in Cuba growing on plant debris, it was described as new to science in 1995. The specific epithet antillanum refers to the Antillian sea, an old name for the Caribbean Sea. It is most similar in morphology to Exserohilum gedarefense, from which it differs in the size, pigmentation, and ornamentation of its conidia.

Pleosporaceae
Pleosporaceae is a family of sac fungi. They are pathogenic to humans or saprobic on woody and dead herbaceous stems or leaves.

They are generally anamorphic species (having an asexual reproductive stage). The type species is Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.

They have a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Bishopton (Church Hill, Maryland)
Bishopton is a historic home located at Church Hill, Queen Anne's County, Maryland.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story, brick dwelling, three bays wide, and one room deep with a hall-parlor plan in the 18th century Tidewater Maryland/Virginia vernacular style It was built about 1711.  The facades are laid in Flemish bond and the upper gables feature glazed chevron patterns.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Hall and parlor house
A hall-and-parlor house is a type of vernacular house found in early-modern to 19th century England, as well as in colonial North America. It is presumed to have been the model on which other North American house types have been developed, such as the Cape Cod house, saltbox, and central-passage house, and in turn influenced the somewhat-later I-house. In England it had been a more modest development from the medieval hall house.
T.E.K. United
T.E.K. United FC is an Irish soccer (association football) club based in Blackrock, Dublin. Their senior men's team play in the Leinster Senior League Senior Division and women's team play in the Dublin Women's Soccer League . They also regularly compete in the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup, the FAI Junior Cup and the Leinster Senior Cup.

Leinster Senior League (association football)
The Leinster Senior League is an association football league organised by the Leinster Football Association. The Leinster Senior League operates 22 divisions, 12 of which are played on Saturdays, with 10 divisions played on Sundays. It also organises 17 different cup competitions. Its Senior Division is on the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system.

Leinster Senior League teams also compete in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also qualified to play in the League of Ireland Cup. The vast majority of its member clubs are based in the Greater Dublin Area.
Black Country Housing Group
Black Country Housing Group is a registered social housing association based in Birmingham and the Black Country in the British Midlands. The organisation is responsible for the provision of affordable housing with properties in excess of 2,000 homes. These properties range from newly constructed homes to established dwellings built in the 20th Century.

Black Country
The Black Country is a loosely defined area of England's West Midlands. It is mainly urban, covering most of the Dudley and Sandwell metropolitan boroughs, with the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall and the City of Wolverhampton. The 14-mile (23 km) road between Wolverhampton and Birmingham was described as "one continuous town" in 1785.

The area was one of the Industrial Revolution's birthplaces. Its name was first recorded in the 1840s, and derives either from the 30 foot (9.1 m) thick coal seam close to the surface or the production of coal, coke, iron, glass, bricks and steel which produced high levels of soot and air pollution.
John Williams (cricketer, born 1911)
John Stewart Williams (4 January 1911 – 12 December 1964) was an English first-class cricketer and solicitor.

Williams was born at South Croydon in January 1911. He was educated at Repton School, before going up to Wadham College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making four appearances in 1931 against Leicestershire, Gloucestershire, the Free Foresters and the touring New Zealanders. Playing as a right-arm slow bowler, he took six wickets in his four matches at an average of 38.16 and best figures of 2 for 49.

He became a solicitor after graduating from Oxford and was admitted to practice in 1936. Williams served in the Second World War, being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Corps of Military Police in May 1941. Following the war, he returned to legal practice and succeeded the post of solicitor to the Metropolitan Police in 1961. Williams died three years later in December 1964 at Haywards Heath.

Repton School
Repton School is a 13–18 co-educational, private, boarding and day school in the public school tradition, in Repton, Derbyshire, England.

Sir John Port of Etwall, on his death in 1557, left funds to create a grammar school which was then established at the Repton Priory. For its first 400 years, the school accepted only boys; girls were admitted from the 1970s, and the school was fully co-educational by the 1990s.

Notable alumni, also known as "Old Reptonians", include C. B. Fry, Harold Abrahams, Christopher Isherwood, Jeremy Clarkson, Andy Wilman, Roald Dahl, Adrian Newey and Archbishop Lord Ramsey of Canterbury.
Eva Gonda de Rivera
Eva Gonda de Rivera is a Mexican billionaire heiress and businesswoman.  Along with her daughters, she owns a major stake in the FEMSA beverage corporation, which operates convenience stores and bottling plants across Mexico and Latin America.

Gonda was married to Eugenio Garza Lagüera until his death in 2008.  Her net worth in 2019, according to Forbes magazine, is US$6.2 billion.

Born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Gonda earned a bachelor's degree from the Monterrey Institute of Technology, where she met Garza Lagüera. They were married in 1957.

Gonda lives in Monterrey. She has five children.

Eugenio Garza Lagüera
Eugenio Garza Lagüera (18 December 1923 – 24 May 2008) was a Mexican businessman and philanthropist who served as chairman of the board of the Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM) and Femsa, Latin America's largest beverage corporation. In February 2008 he was laureated with the Business Social Responsibility Award from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, a nonpartisan institution created by the U.S. Congress within the Smithsonian Institution.
First Council of Nîmes
Council of Nîmes (396)  was an important early Roman Catholic church Synod held in Nîmes, France on 1 October 396. It concerned the heresy of Ithacans (or Itaciens) that affected Christian unity, and resulted in the adoption of seven canons on church discipline, including the forbidding of female deaconesses.

This synod is the first of four known as the Councils of Nîmes that were held in the Middle Ages. The other Councils were held in 886, 1096, and 1284.

Nîmes
Nîmes is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountain range, the estimated population of the commune of Nîmes stood at 148,561 in 2019.

Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city's population was estimated at approximately 50,000–60,000. Since several famous monuments and ancient Roman buildings are located in Nîmes, including the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison carrée, the city is often referred to as the "French Rome."