hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Action This Day (memo)
Action This Day was a 1941 memorandum sent to Winston Churchill personally, to advise Churchill that the Bletchley Park (BP) codebreaking establishment was short of staff in some critical areas. Their requirements were small, but as a small (and secret) organisation their management did not have priority. Four senior heads of sections ("Huts") and their deputies wrote to Churchill, who had visited "BP" on 6 September 1941, where he made a speech saying he appreciated their work.

The memo was signed by Alan Turing and Hugh Alexander (head and deputy head of Hut 8); and  Gordon Welchman and Stuart Milner-Barry (head and deputy head of Hut 6). The four were known as the "Wicked Uncles".

Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis powers –  most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry.

The team at Bletchley Park, 75% women, devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s. After the war it had various uses and now houses the Bletchley Park museum.
Komagaksla
Komagaksla (or Vatnafjellet) is the highest mountain on the island of Sørøya in Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 659-metre (2,162 ft) tall mountain sits along the southern shore of the island, along the Sørøysundet.

Sørøysundet
Sørøysundet is a strait in Hasvik Municipality and Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 70-kilometre (43 mi) strait is between 4 and 17 kilometres (2.5 and 10.6 mi) wide. The strait separates the large island of Sørøya from the islands of Stjernøya, Seiland, and Kvaløya. To the southwest the strait opens up into Lopphavet sea. The small island of Håja lies in the strait, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the town of Hammerfest. There are no bridges or tunnels that cross the strait, but there are ferry routes crossing it.
2021–22 Midland Football League
The 2021–22 Midland Football League season was the eighth in the history of the Midland Football League, a football competition in England. The Midland League operates two divisions in the English football league system, the Premier Division at Step 5, and Division One at Step 6, and these two divisions are covered by this article.

The allocations for Steps 5 and 6 for this season were announced by The Football Association on 18 May 2021, and were subject to appeal.

After the abandonment of the 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England, numerous promotions were decided on a points per game basis over the previous two seasons.

Midland Football League
The Midland Football League, officially known as the Capelli Sport Midland Football League since January 2025 for sponsorship reasons, is an English football league that was founded in 2014 by the merger of the former Midland Alliance and Midland Combination. The league has four divisions that sit at levels 9–12 of the football pyramid.
GPM J1839−10
GPM J1839−10 is a potentially unique ultra-long period magnetar located about 15,000 light-years away from Earth in the Scutum constellation, in the Milky Way. It was discovered by a team of scientists at Curtin University using the Murchison Widefield Array. Its unusual characteristics violate current theory and prompted a search of other radio telescope archives, including the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Very Large Array, which revealed evidence of the object dating back to 1988. The signature of the object went unnoticed because scientists did not know to look for its unusual behavior.

The current understanding of neutron stars is that below a certain rate of rotation, called "the death line", they cease emissions. Uniquely, not only does GPM J1839−10 have an extremely slow rotation of approximately twenty-two minutes, it emits bursts of radio waves lasting up to five minutes, for which there is currently no generally accepted explanation.

Scutum (constellation)
Scutum is a small constellation. Its name is Latin for shield, and it was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by Johannes Hevelius in 1684. Located just south of the celestial equator, its four brightest stars form a narrow diamond shape.  It is one of the 88 IAU designated constellations defined in 1922.
Live at the Old Quarter, Houston, Texas
Live at the Old Quarter, Houston, Texas is a double live album by Texas singer-songwriter Townes Van Zandt.  The recording captures Van Zandt in a series of July 1973 performances in an intimate venue Old Quarter. There is a strong critical consensus that this recording is among the most exemplary of Van Zandt's career.

Lima, Ohio
Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/ LY-mə) is a city in Allen County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 35,579 at the 2020 census. The city is located in northwest Ohio along Interstate 75, approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of Dayton, 78 miles (126 km) southwest of Toledo, and 63 mi (101 km) southeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Lima was founded in 1831. It is the principal city of the Lima metropolitan area, which had 102,000 residents in 2020 and is included in the Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta combined statistical area. The Lima Army Tank Plant, officially called the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center, was built in 1941 and is the sole producer of the M1 Abrams tank.
Wound licking
Wound licking is an instinctive response in humans and many other animals to cover an injury or second degree burn with saliva. Dogs, cats, small rodents, horses, and primates all lick wounds. Saliva contains tissue factor which promotes the blood clotting mechanism. The enzyme lysozyme is found in many tissues and is known to attack the cell walls of many gram-positive bacteria, aiding in defense against infection. Tears are also beneficial to wounds due to the lysozyme enzyme. However, there are also infection risks due to bacteria in the mouth.

Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.
Theopaschism
Theopaschism is the belief that a god can suffer. Owing to controversies about the passion of Jesus and his divinity, this doctrine was a subject of ecumenical councils which affirmed the theopaschite formula.

Jürgen Moltmann
Jürgen Moltmann (German: [ˈmɔltman]; 8 April 1926 – 3 June 2024) was a German Reformed theologian who was a professor of systematic theology at the University of Tübingen and was known for his books such as the Theology of Hope, The Crucified God, God in Creation and other contributions to systematic theology. His works were translated into many languages.

Moltmann described his theology as an extension of Karl Barth's theological works, especially the Church Dogmatics, and he described his work as Post-Barthian. He developed a form of liberation theology predicated on the view that God suffers with humanity, while also promising humanity a better future through the hope of the Resurrection, which he labelled a 'theology of hope'. Much of Moltmann's work was to develop the implications of these ideas for various areas of theology. Moltmann became known for developing a form of social trinitarianism. He was awarded several international honorary doctorates.
HMS Lyra (1910)
HMS Lyra was one of 20 Acorn class (later H-class) destroyers built for the Royal Navy that served in the First World War. The Acorn class were smaller than the preceding Beagle class but oil-fired and better armed. Launched in 1910, Lyra was part of the winning side in war games that took place the following year, although the destroyer sustained damage due to fast running. At the start of the war, the ship served with the Second Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet, and spent most of the war in anti-submarine warfare, mainly protecting merchant ships from attack. Despite being involved in many actions, the destroyer did not sink any enemy boats. Lyra ended the war in Gibraltar. After the Armistice, the destroyer was placed in reserve before being sold to be broken up in 1921.

QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun
The QF 12-pounder 12-cwt gun (Quick-Firing) (abbreviated as Q.F. 12-pdr. [12-cwt.]) was a common, versatile 3-inch (76.2 mm) calibre naval gun introduced in 1894 and used until the middle of the 20th century. It was produced by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick and used on Royal Navy warships, exported to allied countries, and used for land service. In British service "12-pounder" was the rounded value of the projectile weight, and "12 cwt (hundredweight)" was the weight of the barrel and breech, to differentiate it from other "12-pounder" guns.

As the Type 41 3-inch (7.62 cm)/40 it was used on most early battleships and cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, though it was commonly referred to by its UK designation as a "12-pounder" gun. Italy built guns under licence as the 76.2 mm/40 (3") by Ansaldo.
Nancy Cunard
Nancy Clara Cunard (10 March 1896 – 17 March 1965) was a British writer, heiress and political activist. She was born into the British upper class, and devoted much of her life to fighting racism and fascism. She became a muse to some of the 20th century's most distinguished writers and artists, including Wyndham Lewis, Aldous Huxley, Tristan Tzara, Ezra Pound and Louis Aragon—who were among her lovers—as well as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Constantin Brâncuși, Langston Hughes, Man Ray and William Carlos Williams. MI5 documents reveal that she was involved with Indian diplomat, orator, and statesman V. K. Krishna Menon.

In later years she suffered from mental illness, and her physical health deteriorated. When she died in the Hôpital Cochin, Paris, she weighed only 26 kilograms (57 pounds; 4 stone 1 pound).

Wyndham Lewis
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a Canadian-born British writer, painter and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited Blast, the literary magazine of the Vorticists.

His novels include Tarr (1916–17) and The Human Age trilogy, comprising The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai (1955) and Malign Fiesta (1955). A fourth volume, The Trial of Man, remained unfinished upon his death. He wrote two autobiographical volumes: Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) and Rude Assignment: A Narrative of my Career Up-to-Date (1950).
1982 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1982 Giro d'Italia was the 65th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in Milan, with a prologue team time trial on 13 May, and Stage 12 occurred on 27 May with a stage from Cava de' Tirreni. The race finished in Turin on 6 June.

1982 Giro d'Italia
The 1982 Giro d'Italia was the 65th running of the Giro. It started in Brescia, on 13 May, with a 16 km (9.9 mi) team time trial and concluded in Turin, on 6 June, with a 42.5 km (26.4 mi) individual time trial. A total of 162 riders from eighteen teams entered the 22-stage race, that was won by Frenchman Bernard Hinault of the Renault–Elf team. The second and third places were taken by Swede Tommy Prim and Italian Silvano Contini, respectively.

Amongst the other classifications that the race awarded, Famcucine's Francesco Moser won the points classification, Lucien Van Impe of Metauro Mobili won the mountains classification, and Metauro Mobili's Marco Groppo completed the Giro as the best neo-professional in the general classification, finishing ninth overall. Bianchi finishing as the winners of the team classification, ranking each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time. In addition, Bianchi won the team points classification.
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR, French: [dəbuʁ]; c. 1170 – before 5 May 1243) was an English nobleman who served as Chief Justiciar of England (1215–1232) and Justiciar of Ireland (1232) during the reigns of King John and his son and successor King Henry III and, as Regent of England (1219–1227) during Henry's minority, was one of the most influential and powerful men in English politics in the thirteenth century.

Dover Castle
Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England and is Grade I listed. It was founded in the 11th century and has been described as the "Key to England" due to its defensive significance throughout history. Some writers say it is the largest castle in England, a title also claimed by Windsor Castle.
Monmouth County Plank Road
The Monmouth County Plank Road was a plank road in New Jersey, running north from Freehold to Keyport by way of Matawan. Its path is now roughly followed by New Jersey Route 79.

The Monmouth County Plank Road was chartered February 20, 1850 to run from Freehold to Keyport.

Plank road
A plank road is a road composed of wooden planks or puncheon logs, as an efficient technology for traversing soft, marshy, or otherwise difficult ground. Plank roads have been built since antiquity, and were commonly found in the Canadian province of Ontario as well as the Northeast and Midwest of the United States in the first half of the 19th century. They were often built by turnpike companies.
2019 World RX of Catalunya
The 2019 World RX of Catalunya-Barcelona was the second round of the sixth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Catalonia.

2019 FIA World Rallycross Championship
The 2019 FIA World Rallycross Championship presented by Monster Energy was the sixth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship, an auto racing championship recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallycross.

Timmy Hansen won the Drivers' Championship on countback after finishing with the same number of points as Andreas Bakkerud, winning based on his four event wins to Bakkerud's one. Team Hansen MJP won the Teams' Championship.
Tømmerlaugets Stiftelse
Tømmerlaugets Stiftelse is a historical building located at Valdemarsgade 11–13 in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built in 1880 to a design by Ludvig Vold, with inspiration from Gisselfeld, a 16th-century manor house. It was built by the Copenhagen Carpenter's Guild and served as dwellings for master carpenters in reduced circumstances and their dependants until 1922.

Vesterbro, Copenhagen
Vesterbro is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and city tax districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 3.76 km2 (1.45 sq mi), and has a population of 51,466 and a population density of 13,688 per km2.

Neighboring city districts are:

to the northeast, the Indre By, also known as "Copenhagen Center", "Downtown Copenhagen" or "City".

to the north, Frederiksberg municipality, which is not a part of Copenhagen municipality but rather an enclave surrounded by the municipality.

to the west, Valby.

to the south, Kongens Enghave.
Kottoi Station
Kottoi Station (特牛駅, Kottoi-eki) is a railway station located in the Hōhoku area of the city of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). People who disembark at Kottoi Station can take a 20-minute bus ride to Tsunoshima via the Tsunoshima Bridge, a 1,780-metre-long (5,840 ft) bridge that joins Tsunoshima to the mainland at Hōhoku Town. It was the longest toll free bridge in Japan when it was completed on November 3, 2000.

San'in Main Line
The San'in Main Line (山陰本線, San'in-honsen) is a railway line in western Japan, which connects Kyoto and Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is the major railway line of the San'in region, approximately paralleling the Japan Sea, crossing Kyoto, Hyōgo, Tottori, Shimane, and Yamaguchi prefectures. The main portion from Kyoto to Hatabu is the longest single continuous railway line in Japan at 673.8 km (418.7 mi), although no regularly scheduled train operates over the entire line.

The section between Kyoto and Sonobe, connecting Kyoto and its northern suburbs, is a part of JR West's Urban Network and is nicknamed the Sagano Line.
Human nutrition
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths, physical deformities, and disabilities worldwide. Good nutrition is necessary for children to grow physically and mentally, and for normal human biological development.

Humorism
Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.

Humorism began to fall out of favor in the 17th century and it was definitively disproved with the discovery of microbes.
Powder coating
Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. Unlike conventional liquid paint, which is delivered via an evaporating solvent, powder coating is typically applied electrostatically and then cured under heat or with ultraviolet light. The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer. It is usually used to create a thick, tough finish that is more durable than conventional paint. Powder coating is mainly used for coating of metal objects, particularly those subject to rough use. Advancements in powder coating technology like UV-curable powder coatings allow for other materials such as plastics, composites, carbon fiber, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and solid wood to be powder coated, as little heat or oven dwell time is required to process them.

Powder
A powder is a dry solid composed of many very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material. In particular, powders refer to those granular materials that have the finer grain sizes, and that therefore have a greater tendency to form clumps when flowing. Granulars refer to the coarser granular materials that do not tend to form clumps except when wet.
Gmina Koźmin Wielkopolski
Gmina Koźmin Wielkopolski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Koźmin Wielkopolski, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of Krotoszyn and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 152.69 square kilometres (59.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,820 (out of which the population of Koźmin Wielkopolski amounts to 6,707, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,113).

Krotoszyn
Krotoszyn (Polish pronunciation: [krɔˈtɔʂɨn] ⓘ; German: Krotoschin) is a town in west-central Poland with 26 775 inhabitants as of 2024. It is the seat of Krotoszyn County in the Greater Poland Voivodeship.

Founded in the late medieval period, Krotoszyn prospered as a regional center of trade and crafts located at the intersection of important trade routes. The town features heritage sites in a variety of styles, including Gothic, Baroque and Neo-Renaissance, a preserved market square and a regional museum.
Women in the Protestant Reformation
The status of Women in the Protestant Reformation was deeply influenced by Bible study, as the Reformation promoted literacy and Bible study in order to study God's will in what a society should look like. This influenced women's lives in both positive and negative ways, depending on what scripture and passages of the Bible were studied and promoted. The ideal of Bible study for commoners improved women's literacy and education, and many women became known for their interest and involvement in public debate during the Reformation. In parallel, however, their voices were often suppressed because of the edict of the Bible that women were to be silent. The abolition of the female convents resulted in the role of wife and mother becoming the only remaining ideal for a woman.

Reformation in Sweden
The Reformation in Sweden is generally regarded as having begun in 1527 during the reign of King Gustav I of Sweden, but the process was slow and was not definitively decided until the Uppsala Synod of 1593, in the wake of an attempted Counter-Reformation during the reign of John III (1568–1592).

The Swedish Reformation caused the Church of Sweden to break with the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to mark the end of the Swedish Middle Ages. The Reformation resulted in both Sweden and Finland becoming Protestant countries, as the latter formed an integral part of Sweden at the time.
1969 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1969 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 81st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 26 January 1969. The championship ran from 6 April to 26 October 1969.

Carbery entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Nicholas' in the quarter-finals.

The final was played on 26 October 1969 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork between University College Cork and St. Nicholas' in what was their first meeting in the final in six years. UCC won the match by 0-09 to 0-08 to claim their seventh championship title overall and their first title since 1964. It was their 7th championship title overall and their first title since 1964.

Teddy O'Brien was the championship's top scorer with 2-20.

1887 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1887 Cork Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887. The championship began on 6 March 1887 and ended on 10 July 1887.

On 10 July 1887, Lees won the championship following a 0–04 to 0–01 defeat of Lisgoold in the final at Cork Park. The club subsequently represented Cork in the 1887 All-Ireland Championship.