hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseon Army
The Joseon Army (Korean: 조선군대; Hanja: 朝鮮軍隊) was the army of the Korean dynasty of Joseon (1392–1897). The army defended the northern borders but seldom defended the southern regions. The army was best known for fending off the Jurchen raids and conquering the Korean Peninsula. However, Joseon's neo-Confucianism disavowed military development, causing them to be vulnerable to Japanese and Manchu invasions. Despite this, Joseon kept strengthening the army until the 19th century, when western powers and the Japanese forced them to open doors and modernize the army.

Songhua River
The Songhua or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal, Russian: Сунгари, romanized: Sungari) is one of the primary rivers of China, and the longest tributary of the Amur. It flows about 1,897 km (1,179 mi) from Changbai Mountains on the China–North Korea border through China's northeastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

The river drains 557,180 km2 (215,130 sq mi) of land, and has an annual discharge of 76.2 km3/a (2,410 m3/s) to 81.77 km3/a (2,591 m3/s).

The extreme flatness of the Northeast China Plain has caused the river to meander over time, filling the wide plain with oxbow lakes, as remnants of the previous paths of the river.
Douzhangzhuang
Douzhangzhuang Town (simplified Chinese: 豆张庄镇; traditional Chinese: 豆張莊鎮; pinyin: Dòuzhāngzhuāng Zhèn) is a town situated at the west side of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Dongmaquan and Sicundian Towns in its north, Dongpuwa and Huangzhuang Subdistricts in its east, Chenzui and Huanghuadian Towns in its south, and Luofa Town in its west. In 2010, the town had 23,421 residents within its boundaries.

During the Ming Dynasty, the area was settled by a family with the surname Zhang, who specialized in the production of beans and vegetables. The settlement took the name Doujiaozhangzhuang (Chinese: 豆角张庄; lit. 'Bean Pod Zhang's Villa'), which was later simplified to Douzhangzhuang.

Huangzhuang Subdistrict, Tianjin
Huangzhuang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 黄庄街道; traditional Chinese: 黃莊街道; pinyin: Huángzhuāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the south edge of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It borders Yunhexi and Dongpuwa Subdistricts to its north, Xiazhuzhuang and Yangcun Subdistricts to its east, Shuangjie and Shuangkou Towns to its south, as well as Zhangzhuang and Chenzui Towns to its west. In the year 2010, the subdistrict is home to 16,881 people.

The name Huangzhuang (Chinese: 黄庄; lit. 'Huang's Villa') originated in the founding of the locality during Ming Dynasty, when Huang family was the first settlers in the area.
Lyantor
Lyantor (Russian: Лянто́р) is a town in Surgutsky District of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Pim River (Ob's tributary), 625 kilometers (388 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population:  38,992 (2010 Census); 33,011 (2002 Census); 22,071 (1989 Soviet census).

Khanty-Mansiysk
Khanty-Mansiysk (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йск; Khanty: Ёмвоҷ, Jomvoćś; Mansi: Абга, Abga) is a city in west-central Siberia in Russia. Technically, it is situated on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia. Though it is an independent city, Khanty-Mansiysk also functions as the administrative centre of Khanty-Mansiysky District, and the administrative center of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.

With 101,466 estimated inhabitants, Khanty-Mansiysk is among Russia's few regional capitals that are not the largest cities in their surrounding area, as it is surpassed in population by Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk.
Gjesåsen Church
Gjesåsen Church (Norwegian: Gjesåsen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gjesåsen. It is the church for the Gjesåsen parish which is part of the Solør, Vinger og Odal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1863 using plans drawn up by the architect Peter Høier Holtermann. The church seats about 300 people.

Åsnes Municipality
Åsnes is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Solør. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Flisa, which is also the largest village in the municipality with nearly 1,800 people. Other villages in the municipality include Gjesåsen, Hof, Sønsterud, and Kjellmyra.

The 1,041-square-kilometre (402 sq mi) municipality is the 108th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åsnes Municipality is the 141st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,247. The municipality's population density is 7 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Glenbrook, County Cork
Glenbrook (Irish: Gleann an Fheileastraim, meaning 'glen of the iris') is a village in the townland of Lackaroe, between Passage West and Monkstown in County Cork, Ireland. Monkstown, Glenbrook and Passage West are three villages along Cork Harbour's R610 route. The Cross River Ferry at Glenbrook links the Owenabue Valley with East Cork, Fota Island and Cobh.

Cobh
Cobh (/ˈkoʊv/ KOHV, Irish: An Cóbh), known from 1849 until 1920 as Queenstown, is a seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. With a population of 14,148 inhabitants at the 2022 census, Cobh is on the south side of Great Island in Cork Harbour and home to Ireland's only dedicated cruise terminal. Tourism in the area draws on the maritime and emigration legacy of the town.

Facing the town are Spike and Haulbowline islands. On a high point in the town stands St Colman's, the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne. It is one of the tallest buildings in Ireland, standing at 91.4 metres (300 ft).
2015–16 PSA World Tour
The PSA World Tour 2015 is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2015 men's and women's squash season. The most important tournament in the series is the World Championship held in Bellevue, Washington in the United States. The tour features three categories of regular events, World Series, which feature the highest prize money and the best fields, International and Challenger.

In November 2014, the Women's Squash Association and the Professional Squash Association announced a historic merge between the two associations. A decision was reached that will see the Professional Squash Association operate as the governing body for both the women's and men's ranks from January 1, 2015.

2015 Men's World Open Squash Championship
The 2015 PSA Men's World Squash Championship is the men's edition of the 2015 World Championship, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in Bellevue, Washington in the United States from 15 to 22 November 2015. Grégory Gaultier won his first World Championship title, defeating Omar Mosaad in the final.
Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph
The Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph and its extended wheelbase version, the Rolls-Royce Park Ward, are full-size luxury automobiles manufactured and marketed by Rolls-Royce Motors from 1998 to 2002. The Silver Seraph (and its Bentley Arnage twin) were launched in March 1998, at the Geneva Motor Show. They replaced the Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit and the slightly longer Silver Spur, made from 1980 through 1997.

Silver Seraph production ended in late 2002, when Volkswagen's marketing licence for the Rolls-Royce marque were handed over to owner BMW, who began to manufacture Rolls-Royce cars (initially the Phantom VII) from 2003, under a new corporation, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. Production of the Bentley-badged Arnage version continued into the late 2000s, which even involved a return of the (much updated) old 6.75L V8 Rolls-Royce engine.

Full-size car
Full-size car, also known as large car, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars. It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car, while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment.
Unnamed Desires
Unnamed Desires: A Sydney Lesbian History is a 2015 non-fiction book by Rebecca Jennings. Jennings, currently a Professor of Modern Gender History at University College London, is a scholar of twentieth-century lesbian history. Unnamed Desires was her third book and was published by Monash University Press in 2015. The book traces the history of lesbianism in Sydney between the 1930s and late 1970s.

History of lesbianism
Lesbianism is sexual and romantic desire or relationships between women. Women have typically been underrepresented in history as both writers and subjects, and lesbianism has been correspondingly under-recorded. Since the 1970s, efforts have been made to gather together and preserve lesbian history.
Stenka Mountain
Stenka Mountain (71°55′S 14°46′E﻿ / ﻿71.917°S 14.767°E﻿ / -71.917; 14.767) is a mountain, 2,350 m, forming the central part of Spraglegga Ridge in the Payer Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Discovered and plotted from air photos by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938/39. Mapped from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60; remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960/61, and named Gora Stenka (little wall mountain).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stenka Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Payer Mountains
The Payer Mountains (German: Payergruppe) is a group of scattered mountains extending north-south for about 37 km (23 mi), standing 15 km (9 mi) east of the Weyprecht Mountains and forming the eastern half of the Hoel Mountains in central Queen Maud Land.

They were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Julius Payer, Austrian polar explorer, who in company with Karl Weyprecht discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873.
MAZ-525
MAZ-525 (BelAZ-525 from 1959) was a Soviet heavy truck produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant. Development started in 1949 at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant Design Bureau as the YaAZ-225. It was planned to install a cab from the YaAZ-200, offset to the left. Further technical documentation was passed on to MAZ where the design was substantially enhanced.

Minsk Automobile Plant
Minsk Automobile Plant (shortened MAZ) (Belarusian: Адкрытaе Акцыянэрнaе Таварыства «Мінскі аўтамабільны завод», romanized: Adkrytaje Akcyjanernaje Tavarystva "Minski aŭtamabiĺny zavod", Russian: Минский автомобильный завод, romanized: Minskiy Avtomobilnyy Zavod) is a state-run automotive manufacturer association in Belarus, one of the largest in Eastern Europe.
Drogön Chögyal Phagpa
Drogön Chogyal Phagpa (Tibetan: འགྲོ་མགོན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་འཕགས་པ།, Wylie: ʼgro mgon chos rgyal ʼphags pa; Chinese: 八斯巴; 26 March 1235 – 15 December 1280) was the fifth leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was also the first Imperial Preceptor of the Yuan dynasty and was concurrently named the director of the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, serving during the reign of Kublai Khan.

Historical tradition remembers him as the first vice-ruler of Tibet under the Yuan emperor as well as one of the Five Sakya patriarchs (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་གོང་མ་རྣམ་ལྔ་, Wylie: sa skya gong ma rnam lnga). Although this is historically disputed, he played a very important political role.

Ü-Tsang
Ü-Tsang (Tibetan: དབུས་གཙང་, Wylie: dbus gtsang) is one of the three Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo to the northeast and Kham to the east. Geographically Ü-Tsang covers the Yarlung Tsangpo drainage basin, the western districts surrounding and extending past Mount Kailash, and much of the Changtang plateau to the north. The Himalayas define Ü-Tsang's southern border.

Ü-Tsang is the cultural heartland of the Tibetan people. It was formed by the merging of two earlier power centers of Ü (Wylie: dbus), controlled by the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism under the early Dalai Lamas, and Tsang (Wylie: gtsang), which extended from Gyantse to the west and was controlled by the rival Sakya lineage. Military victories by the Khoshut Güshi Khan who had backed the 5th Dalai Lama consolidated power over the combined region. The region of Ngari in the northwest was incorporated into Ü-Tsang after the Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War.
2019 Batangas local elections
Batangas held its local elections on May 13, 2019, as part of the 2019 general election. Voters will select candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and for the six districts of Batangas.

2019 Philippine general election
The 2019 Philippine general election was conducted on May 13, 2019. A midterm election, those elected therein took office on June 30, 2019, midway through the term of President Rodrigo Duterte.

The following positions were contested:

12 seats in the Senate of the Philippines

All seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines

All governors, vice governors and regular members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Councils) in the provinces of the Philippines

All mayors, vice mayors and regular members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Councils) or Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Councils) in the cities or municipalities of the Philippines

Under the Local Government Code and the 1987 constitution, all terms start on June 30, 2019, and end on June 30, 2022, except for elected senators, whose terms shall end on June 30, 2025. The Commission on Elections administered the election.
Sofia Second Chronicle
The Sofia Second Chronicle is a Russian chronicle from the 16th century. It is found in two redactions: The Archival redaction, from the first quarter of the 16th century and now in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents (RGADA) (Fond 181, No. 371); and the Voskresenskii (Resurrection) Redaction from the middle of the 16th century, now housed in the State Historical Museum (GIM) on the north end of Red Square (Voskresenskoe Sobranie, bumazhnoe, No. 154).  It was first published at the beginning of the 19th century and is included in the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL, vol. 6; St. Petersburg, 1851).

The Sofia Second Chronicle is thought to have derived from the Lvov Chronicle with which it shares many similarities.

Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles
The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles or Complete Collection of Rus' Chronicles (Russian: Полное собрание русских летописей, romanized: Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, abbreviated PSRL) is a series of critical editions of all medieval and early modern Rus' chronicles, published for the purpose of textual criticism (also known as "textology"). Dozens of volumes have been published in Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. The project is ongoing and far from finished.
Posten Cup 2023
The Posten Cup 2023 was a friendly women's handball tournament held between 23 and 26 November 2023, organised by the Norwegian Handball Federation as preparation for the home team for the 2023 World Women's Handball Championship and named Posten Cup for sponsorship reasons. Norway won the tournament. This was the first edition, where it was called Posten Cup, after previously having the name Intersport Cup. It was hosted in Boligpartner Arena in Hamar and Håkons Hall i Lillehammer.

2023 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2023 IHF World Women's Handball Championship was the 26th edition of the championship, organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF) from 29 November to 17 December 2023 and jointly hosted by Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It was the third time in handball history that the championship is jointly hosted, the first in Sweden, and also the first to be played in three countries.

France won their third title after a finals win over Norway. The bronze medal went to Denmark with a win over Sweden.
2026 U-20 Copa Libertadores
The 2026 U-20 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores (Spanish: Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub-20 2026) will be the 10th edition of the U-20 CONMEBOL Libertadores (also referred to as the U-20 Copa Libertadores), South America's premier under-20 club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. It will be held in Ecuador from 7 to 22 March 2026.

The winners of the 2026 U-20 Copa Libertadores will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2025–26 UEFA Youth League in the 2026 Under-20 Intercontinental Cup.

Flamengo are the two-time defending champions, having won back-to-back titles in 2024 and 2025.

U-20 Copa Libertadores
The CONMEBOL Under-20 Libertadores (Portuguese and Spanish: CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub 20) is the international association football club competition for teams that play in CONMEBOL leagues. It was created by Manuel Burga Seoane and the Peruvian Football Federation. The competition started in the 2011 season in response to the increased interest in youth football.
Kate Ralph
Kate Roberts Ralph (3 April 1849–24 December 1937) was a Welsh composer and pianist who received a scholarship from Clara Schumann to attend the Royal Academy of Music. Her bardic name/pseudonym was Morfida. She also published under the name Kate Ralph.

Bardic name
A bardic name (Welsh: enw barddol, Cornish: hanow bardhek, Breton: anv ur barzh) is a pseudonym used by poets and other artists in the Brythonic cultures of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany.

In Wales, it is also associated with the National Eisteddfod, with new members of the Gorsedd assuming a bardic name when being admitted.
Rubus prestonensis
Rubus prestonensis a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the states of Ohio and West Virginia in the eastern United States.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
New South Wales Artillery
The New South Wales Artillery was an artillery unit of the Colony of New South Wales which was raised on 1 August 1871. The unit consisted of one permanent battery and nine volunteer batteries, numbered 1–10 in 1872. An eleventh volunteer battery was formed by 1873. During 1876, a second permanent artillery battery was established, and another added in 1877.

Colony of New South Wales
The Colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901, when it became a State of the Commonwealth of Australia. At its greatest extent, the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia, the Northern Territory as well as New Zealand.

The first responsible self-government of New South Wales was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary.
Palatka Golf Club
The Palatka Golf Club is a public-use golf course established in 1925. Designed by Donald Ross, the course borders the Ravine Gardens State Park and is 5942 yards long. The golf club is located at 1715 Moseley Avenue Palatka, Florida.

Donald Ross (golf course architect)
Donald James Ross (November 23, 1872 – April 26, 1948) was a Scottish professional golfer and golf course designer. Ross was born and raised in Scotland but moved to the United States as a young man. Ross designed dozens of courses across North America and is generally regarded as one of the top golf course designers of all time.
Abutilon sandwicense
Abutilon sandwicense, commonly known as the greenflower Indian mallow, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is endemic to the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii, in the United States.  It inhabits dry forests on the slopes of the Waiʻanae Range at elevations of 400–600 m (1,300–2,000 ft).  Associated plants include lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), ēlama (D. hillebrandii), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), kalia (Elaeocarpus bifidus), āulu (Sapindus oahuensis), olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis), and alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata). Greenflower Indian mallow is a shrub, reaching a height of 1.5–3 m (4.9–9.8 ft).  It is threatened by habitat loss.

Diospyros hillebrandii
Diospyros hillebrandii, is a species of flowering tree in the ebony family, Ebenaceae, that is endemic to the islands of Oʻahu and Kauaʻi in Hawaii.  Its common name, Ēlama, also means torch or lamp in Hawaiian. Ēlama is a small to medium-sized tree, reaching a height of 4–10 m (13–33 ft).  It can be found in coastal mesic and mixed mesic forests at elevations of 150–760 m (490–2,490 ft).
Jens Aage Als-Nielsen
Jens Aage Als-Nielsen (born 21 January 1937) is a Danish physicist.

He took the dr.philos. degree in 1965, was employed at Risø National Laboratory from 1961 to 1995 and was a professor at the University of Copenhagen from 1995 to 2007. He was a co-creator of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

Als-Nielsen received the Hewlett-Packard Award in 1985 and the Velux Foundation honorary award in 2011. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1996.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Planina, Ivančna Gorica
Planina (pronounced [plaˈnìːna]) is a small settlement in the hills north of Stična in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The entire area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola.

Stična
Stična (pronounced [ˈstiːtʃna]; in older sources also Zatičina, German: Sittich) is a village in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. 
It lies just north of Ivančna Gorica and is best known for its Cistercian Abbey. The abbey dates to the 12th century and is the oldest monastery in Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Rupe, Štorovje (in older sources also Stornje), and Svinjska Vas (Slovene: Svinjska vas, German: Schweindorf). A former hamlet named Kaffeehaus also stood between Svinjska Vas and Rupe.