hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Educate Now
Educate Now is a non-profit education reform organization founded in 2008 and based in New Orleans, Louisiana. Its founder is education reform advocate and former State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE) member Leslie Jacobs. Ms. Jacobs was a key architect of Louisiana's Recovery School District and is a former Orleans Parish School Board member.

The organization is chiefly focused on sustaining and enhancing the major transformation and reorganization of the previously failing public school system in New Orleans. Educate Now is a strong supporter of decentralized school administration, including the expansion of publicly funded charter schools, and performance metrics as major components of public school reform.

In addition to its advocacy role, Educate Now also serves as a source for information on school performance and education policy, with an emphasis on highlighting innovative and effective means for enhancing and facilitating school reform.

Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education
The Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE) is an administrative policy-making body established by the Constitution of Louisiana with responsibility for elementary and secondary schools in the state of Louisiana. The Board consists of eight elected and three appointed members, and is responsible for selecting the State Superintendent of Education.
Hollywood Potato Chip
Hollywood Potato Chip is the tenth studio album by the Southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 2004 by Kung Fu Records. A music video starring guitarist and producer Warren Fitzgerald was filmed for the band's cover version of Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now". The album's title is a euphemism for dried semen on a casting couch. Its original cover art used lettering that parodied the logo of Variety, prompting legal action and a cease and desist order from the magazine which resulted in a replacement cover with redesigned lettering. In 2010 the magazine brought further legal action against the band over third-party uses of the original cover appearing on the internet.

Kung Fu Records
Kung Fu Records is an American independent record label founded in 1996 by Joe Escalante and Warren Fitzgerald of the punk rock band The Vandals. Founded in order to release a record by the Riverside, California band Assorted Jelly Beans, the label soon grew to include a roster of notable artists such as The Ataris, Ozma, Tsunami Bomb, and The Vandals themselves. In 2000 Escalante started Kung Fu Films as a subsidiary of the music label in order to release DVDs of live concerts, music videos, band documentaries, and independent films. In 2005 Kung Fu also spawned the spinoff label Broken Sounds Records, focusing on hardcore releases.
Conservation and restoration of Mesoamerican codices
Conservation and restoration of Mesoamerican codices is the process of analyzing, preserving, and treating codices for future study and access.  It is a decision-making process that aims to establish the best possible methods and tools of preservation and treatment.  The conservation-restoration of Mesoamerican literature is essential for understanding the ancient civilizations of Mexico.  Efforts of restoration have proved difficult due to their fragility and importance of preserving historical and evidential value.  Non-invasive technologies have been a more recent advancement, making analysis and treatment of pre-Hispanic codices a delayed process. As analysis continues, digitization has also been a more recent and valuable means of making information accessible to a wider audience, thus contributing to further research and preservation.

Conservation and restoration of cultural property
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.
Muilheh-ye Olya
Muilheh-ye Olya (Persian: مويلحه عليا, also Romanized as Mūīlḥeh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Molḩeh-ye Bālā and Molḩeh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Azadeh Rural District, Moshrageh District, Ramshir County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 252, in 39 families.

Azadeh Rural District
Azadeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان آزاده) is in Moshrageh District of Ramshir County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Romeyleh-ye Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Moshrageh, now a city.
Zinaida Kokorina
Zinaida Petrovna Kokorina (Russian: Зинаида Петровна Кокорина; 1898 – 1980) was a Russian schoolteacher and aviator. In 1925, she became the world's first female military pilot when she graduated from the Military Aviation School in Yegoryevsk near Moscow. Although she wanted to become a fighter pilot, given her excellent examination results, she was encouraged stay on at the school as an instructor, training some of Russia's most successful female World War II pilots, including Nina Raspopova. She later spent 30 years as headmistress of a village school at Cholpon-Ata in Kyrgyzstan. On her retirement, she returned to Moscow.

Nina Raspopova
Nina Maksimovna Raspopova (Russian: Нина Максимовна Распопова; 31 December [O.S. 18 December] 1913 – 2 July 2009) was a pilot and flight commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment during World War II. Among many close calls with death, she twice survived being shot down in a Po-2 biplane. For her actions in the war she was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 15 May 1946.
Coventry Cross of Nails
A Coventry Cross of Nails (in German, Nagelkreuz von Coventry) is a Christian cross made from iron nails, employed as a symbol of peace and reconciliation.  The original version was made from three large medieval nails salvaged from the Coventry Cathedral after the building was severely damaged by German bombs on 14 November 1940, during the Second World War.  In the following decades, several hundred crosses have been given as gifts to various organisations, including churches, prisons and schools.  The form of the cross echoes the crucifixion of Christ, and the nails with which Christ was affixed to the cross according to some accounts.

Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as symbolizing the crucifixion of Jesus, is a symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a corpus (a representation of Jesus's body, usually three-dimensional) and to the more general family of cross symbols. The term cross is now detached from its original specifically Christian meaning, in modern English and many other Western languages.

The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with unequal arms and the Greek cross with equal arms; there are numerous variants, partly with confessional significance—such as the tau cross, the double-barred cross, triple-barred cross, and cross-and-crosslets—and many heraldic variants, such as the cross potent, cross pattée, and cross moline, cross fleury.
2003 Gravesham Borough Council election
The 2003 Gravesham Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Gravesham Borough Council in Kent, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1999. The Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

1999 Gravesham Borough Council election
The 1999 Gravesham Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Gravesham Borough Council in Kent, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.
Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet
Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet (3 February 1799 – 11 September 1875) was a British diplomat, who had a career in the British East India Company and the Indian Civil Service. His posts included Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Member of the Supreme Council of India, Resident at Lahore and Chairman of the East India Company.

He acted as an agent for the Governor-General, Sir Henry Hardinge, during the First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845-6 and was rewarded with a baronetcy in 1847 for his assistance in negotiating the Treaties of Lahore and Bhyrowal.

Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
The Treaty of Amritsar, executed by the British East India Company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu after the First Anglo-Sikh War, established the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under the suzerainty of the British Indian Empire.
Amarna letter EA 15
Amarna letter EA 15, titled Assyria Joins the International Scene, is a shorter-length clay tablet Amarna letter from Ashur-uballit I of the Land of Assyria, (line 3 of EA 15). He addresses the Pharaoh in line 1, the "King (of) Land Miṣri-(Egypt)", thus the use of "Land (of) Assyria".

This short letter is synoptic with much information. It discusses the Assyrian messenger's reason for going to Egypt, "to see" the land, and report back to the Assyrian king. The letter speaks of a short history of not sending a messenger, or the two kingdoms talking, for some recent times. Besides the duties of the messenger to see, and report back, a list of "greeting gifts", shulmani, or "peace-gifts" are sent by Ashur-uballit I to the Pharaoh.

Na (cuneiform)
The cuneiform na sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for na, and an alphabetic sign used for n, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. In the Epic of Gilgamesh it also has sumerogramic (capital letter (majuscule)) usage for NA. One such use of NA.GAD in the Epic (also LÚ.NA.GAD, and the plural LÚ.NA.GAD.MEŠ), for Akkadian language "nāqidu", "herdsman". The usage for NA in herdsman is only for 3 spellings.

One reason for its commodity (na is the second-most commonly found cuneiform, exceeded only by a) is due to its usage in the phrase a-na (Akkadian language "ana") -, which had a usage in English akin to: to, for, by, of, and at. It is also a component for the Akkadian language preposition: i-na (ina), meaning: in, into, by, etc..

The na sign usage from the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: na-(736 times), NA-(24).
Eddie Watts (wrestler)
Gregory Nykoliation (born March 13, 1968) better known by his ring name Eddie Watts is a retired Canadian professional wrestler who worked in Western Canada, the Maritimes, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Japan.

WWC World Junior Heavyweight Championship
The WWC Junior Heavyweight Championship is a championship contested for in the Puerto Rican professional wrestling promotion, the World Wrestling Council. While weight classes are generally not strictly adhered to in professional wrestling today, this particular championship is usually competed for by wrestlers weighing less than 230 lbs.
Central Africans in the United States
Central Africans in the United States are Americans with ancestry from Central Africa. They include:

Cameroonian Americans

Central African Americans

Congolese Americans

Equatoguinean Americans

Gabonese Americans

São Toméan Americans

Cameroonian Americans
Cameroonian American (French: Camerouno-Américains) are an ethnic group of Americans of Cameroonian descent. According to the 2010 census, in the United States there were 16,894 Americans of Cameroonian origin. According to the 2023 American Community Survey there are 90,749 Cameroonian-born people living in the United States.
Keith Elwell
Keith Elwell (born 12 February 1950), also known by the nicknames of "The Mole" or "Chiefy", is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Lancashire, and at club level for Widnes and on loan to Barrow, as a hooker.

1975–76 Player's No.6 Trophy
This was the fifth season for the League Cup, known as the Players No.6 Trophy for sponsorship reasons.

Widnes won the trophy by beating Hull F.C. by the score of 19–13 in the final played at Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire. The attendance was 9,035 and receipts were £6275.
Coat of arms of the Hohenstaufen family
The coat of arms of the Hohenstaufen family, or the arms traditionally associated with the Hohenstaufen dynasty and, therefore, with Swabia, consists of three lions passant sable, placed on a field or. Following the imperial investiture, the insignia underwent a radical transformation, which involved the introduction of the eagle sable as the main element of the coat of arms. Placed in a field or, the eagle became, in its multiple variants and incarnations, the emblem of the Empire, not only for the Hohenstaufen but also for the subsequent dynasties. Placed, instead, in a field argent, it came to represent the Kingdom of Sicily: defined, indeed, as the arms of Swabia-Sicily, this insignia outlived the House of Hohenstaufen and, quartered with the Bars of Aragon, became the arms of Aragon-Sicily, or, from the heraldic and historical point of view, the coat of arms most representative of the island.

Leopard (heraldry)
The leopard in heraldry is traditionally depicted the same as a lion, but in a walking position with its head turned to full face, thus it is also known as a lion passant guardant in some texts, though leopards more naturally depicted make some appearances in modern heraldry.  The Oxford Guide to Heraldry makes little mention of leopards but glosses leopard as a "term used in medieval heraldry for lion passant guardant. Now used for the natural beast." Another name for this beast is the ounce.
Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1945)
Thomas Smith MBE (5 April 1945 – 12 April 2019) was an English footballer, who played as a defender at Liverpool for 16 years from 1962 to 1978. Known for his uncompromising defensive style, manager Bill Shankly once said of him: "Tommy Smith wasn't born, he was quarried". A central defender for most of his career, Smith's most memorable moment for the club probably came when he scored Liverpool's second goal in the 1977 European Cup Final against Borussia Mönchengladbach. Smith played once for England in 1971, and also played at club level for Tampa Bay Rowdies, Los Angeles Aztecs and Swansea City.

1966 FA Charity Shield
The 1966 FA Charity Shield was a Merseyside derby between Liverpool and Everton at Goodison Park. Liverpool won the Football League and Everton won the 1966 FA Cup Final to qualify for the charity shield. Before the game, Roger Hunt and Ray Wilson paraded the World Cup, the FA Cup and the Football League Trophy around Goodison Park.
Liverpool won the game with a goal from Roger Hunt in the ninth minute of the first half.
Jinming District
Jinming District was a district of Henan, China. It was under the administration of Kaifeng city. In 2005 it was merged with Longting District.

34°47′29″N 114°22′20″E﻿ / ﻿34.79139°N 114.37222°E﻿ / 34.79139; 114.37222

Longting, Kaifeng
Longting District (simplified Chinese: 龙亭区; traditional Chinese: 龍亭區; pinyin: Lóngtíng Qū) is a district and the municipal seat of the city of Kaifeng, Henan province, China. In 2005, Jinming District was merged with Longting District.
Reconstruction (architecture)
Reconstruction in architectural conservation is the returning of a place to a known earlier state by the introduction of new materials. It is related to the architectural concepts of restoration (repairing existing building fabric) and preservation (the prevention of further decay), wherein the most extensive form of reconstruction is creating a replica of a destroyed building.

More narrowly, such as under the Secretary of Interior's Standards in the United States, "reconstruction" is "the act or process of depicting, using new construction, the form, features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object to replicate its appearance at a specific time and in its historic location".

Old Town, Warsaw
Warsaw Old Town, also known as Old Town, and historically known as Old Warsaw, is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Śródmieście. It is the oldest portion of the city, and contains numerous historic buildings, mostly from 17th and 18th centuries, such as the Royal Castle, city walls, St. John's Cathedral, and the Barbican, the Old Town Market Square and the Warsaw Mermaid Statue. The settlement itself dates back to between the 13th and 14th centuries, and was granted town privileges c. 1300.

During World War II, the Old Town was nearly totally destroyed, and subsequently reconstructed. The project was the world's first attempt to resurrect an entire historic city core and was included on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1980. The reconstruction efforts were again recognized in 2011 when all its documents and records were added by UNESCO to its Memory of the World international register.
Falaki Shirvani
Muhammad Falaki (Persian: محمد فلکی‎; 1107–1155), commonly known as Falaki Shirvani (فلکی شروانی) was a poet who served at the court of the Shirvanshah Manuchihr III (r. 1120 – after 1160). A student of the poet Khaqani, Falaki is known to have authored a Persian divan (collection of poems), of which 1,512 verses have survived. He played a leading role in the early development of the habsiyat (prison poetry), a genre in Persian literature.

Like other poets of his time, Falaki was imprisoned due to the libel spread by his rivals. It has been surmised Falaki died soon after his release as a result of the stress he had endured there.

Jan Rypka
Jan Rypka, PhDr., Dr.Sc. (28 May 1886 – 29 December 1968) was a Czech orientalist and translator. He was a professor of Iranology and Turkology at Charles University in Prague.

Jan Rypka was a participant in Ferdowsi Millenary Celebration in Tehran in 1934.
Style (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings. In this context, social meanings can include group membership, personal attributes, or beliefs. Linguistic variation is at the heart of the concept of linguistic style—without variation, there is no basis for distinguishing social meanings. Variation can occur syntactically, lexically, and phonologically.

Many approaches to interpreting and defining style incorporate the concepts of indexicality, indexical order, stance-taking, and linguistic ideology. A style is not a fixed attribute of a speaker. Rather, a speaker may use different styles depending on context. Additionally, speakers often incorporate elements of multiple styles into their speech, either consciously or subconsciously, thereby creating a new style.

Language ideology
Language ideology (also known as linguistic ideology) is, within anthropology (especially linguistic anthropology), sociolinguistics, and cross-cultural studies, any set of beliefs about languages as they are used in their social worlds.  Language ideologies are conceptualizations about languages, speakers, and discursive practices. Like other kinds of ideologies, language ideologies are influenced by political and moral interests, and they are shaped in a cultural setting. When recognized and explored, language ideologies expose how the speakers' linguistic beliefs are linked to the broader social and cultural systems to which they belong, illustrating how the systems beget such beliefs.  By doing so, language ideologies link implicit and explicit assumptions about a language or language in general to their social experience as well as their political and economic interests.
QuTiP
QuTiP, short for the Quantum Toolbox in Python, is an open-source computational physics software library for simulating quantum systems, particularly open quantum systems.  QuTiP allows simulation of Hamiltonians with arbitrary time-dependence, allowing simulation of situations of interest in quantum optics, ion trapping, superconducting circuits and quantum nanomechanical resonators.  The library includes extensive visualization facilities for content under simulations.

QuTiP's API provides a Python interface and uses Cython to allow run-time compilation and extensions via C and C++.  QuTiP is built to work well with popular Python packages NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib and IPython.

Matplotlib
Matplotlib (portmanteau of MATLAB, plot, and library) is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK. There is also a procedural "pylab" interface based on a state machine (like OpenGL), designed to closely resemble that of MATLAB, though its use is discouraged. SciPy makes use of Matplotlib.

Matplotlib was originally written by John D. Hunter. Since then it has had an active development community and is distributed under a BSD-style license. Michael Droettboom was nominated as matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in August 2012 and was further joined by Thomas Caswell. Matplotlib is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.
Newi
Newi is an acronym for NEw World Infrastructure, a software architecture for software componentry, mostly known as Newi Business Objects which coined the term business object. Newi was developed by Oliver Sims at the software engineering company Integrated Object Systems, England. It was one of the first implemented architectures for software components.

Component-based software engineering
Component-based software engineering (CBSE), also called component-based development (CBD), is a style of software engineering that aims to construct a software system from components that are loosely coupled and reusable. This emphasizes the separation of concerns among components.

To find the right level of component granularity, software architects have to continuously iterate their component designs with developers. Architects need to take into account user requirements, responsibilities, and architectural characteristics.
Rathold Rátót
Rathold (I) from the kindred Rátót (Hungarian: Rátót nembeli (I.) Rátót (Ratolt)) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman from the gens Rátót, who served as ispán (comes) of Somogy County in 1203.

He was the eldest son of voivode Leustach Rátót. As his brother, Julius I Rátót had no successors, Rathold was the ancestor of the Gyulafi branch of the Rátót clan.

Leustach I Rátót
Leustach Rátót (Hungarian: Rátót nembeli (I.) Leusták, "Leustach (I) from the kindred Rátót") was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman from the gens Rátót, ancestor of the Palatine and Gyulafi branches. According to a royal charter from 1230, he served as voivode of Transylvania from 1176 to c. 1196, thus he was the first reliably attested person to hold that office.

Leustach, alongside palatine Ampud (Ompud), was commissioned to lead the Hungarian reinforcements sent to the Byzantine Empire against the Seljuks in the Battle of Myriokephalon of 1176. The battle ended with the victory of the Seljuks.