hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jessie King (childtaker)
Jessie King (or Kean)  (27 March 1861 - 11 March 1889) was a Scottish laundress and baby farmer in Edinburgh who was found guilty of murdering three children. She was the last woman to be hanged in Edinburgh.

In the years after her death, scholars have debated when King was actually guilty or not.

St Andrew's House
St Andrew's House (SAH) (Scottish Gaelic: Taigh Naoimh Anndra), on the southern flank of Calton Hill in central Edinburgh, is the headquarters building of the Scottish Government. The building houses offices for the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Scottish Government.

When completed in 1939, the building was the largest metal-framed building in Europe, and was the first time government departments serving Scotland were brought under the same space in Edinburgh.

Built on the site of the old Calton Jail, the graves of ten murderers who were housed within Calton Jail remain buried beneath the car park for St Andrew's House. The turreted Governor's House is the only remaining part of the Calton Jail to remain in existence following the construction of St Andrew's House. The building accommodates 1,600 civil servants from the Scottish Government over six floors within the building.
Natural scientific research in Canada
This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research. Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.

Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
The Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island at an altitude of 4,204 meters (13,793 feet), part of the Mauna Kea Observatory. Operational since 1979, the telescope is a Prime Focus/Cassegrain configuration with a usable aperture diameter of 3.58 metres (11.7 ft).

CFHT is currently considering a refurbishment to the facility in the 2020s. The facility would be reconstructed with a new 11-meter telescope to produce the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, retaining the same base building and infrastructure. First light is expected no earlier than 2029.
Caruachi Dam
The Caruachi Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Caroní River in Bolivar state, Venezuela. It supports a hydroelectric power facility with a 2,160 megawatts (2,900,000 hp) capacity. It is about 59 kilometres (37 mi) downstream from the Guri Dam belonging to the Central Hidroeléctrica Simón Bolívar, and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) from where the Caroni and Orinoco rivers meet at Ciudad Guayana.

Kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level.

The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications which was not possible with Francis turbines. The head ranges from 10 to 70 metres (33 to 230 ft) and the output ranges from 5 to 200 MW. Runner diameters are between 2 and 11 metres (6 ft 7 in and 36 ft 1 in). Turbines rotate at a constant rate, which varies from facility to facility. That rate ranges from as low as 54.5 rpm (Albeni Falls Dam) to 450 rpm.

Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high-flow, low-head power production.
Pedro Gallese
Pedro David Gallese Quiroz (born 23 February 1990) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Categoría Primera A club Deportivo Cali and the Peru national team, which he captains.

2019 Copa América
The 2019 Copa América was the 46th edition of the Copa América, the international men's association football championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. It was held in Brazil and took place between 14 June and 7 July 2019 at 6 venues across the country. This was the first time since 1991 where no CONCACAF nation took part in the tournament.

Heading into the tournament, Chile were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2015 and 2016 editions of the tournament, but were eliminated by Peru in the semi-finals leading to the third place match against Argentina, which they also lost.

Host nation Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Peru 3–1 in the final. Argentina took third place by beating Chile 2–1 in the third-place match.
Cléopatre Darleux
Cléopatre Darleux (French pronunciation: [kleɔpatʁ daʁlø]; born 1 July 1989) is a French former handball goalkeeper for the French national team.

She won the gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics and also became World Champion in 2017

2020 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2020 European Women's Handball Championship was held from 3 to 20 December 2020. The games were played in Herning and Kolding, Denmark.

Originally, this tournament would be held with 2 host countries: Norway and Denmark. However, lacking some time for the beginning, Norway renounced the right to seat, respecting the local legislation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

The tournament was also one of the qualification events for the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship. It was also played behind closed doors due to the pandemic.

Norway won the tournament for the eighth time after defeating France in the final. Croatia won the third place game to capture their first ever medal.
Scotland national under-19 cricket team
The Scotland Under-19 cricket team represents the nation of Scotland in Under-19 cricket at international level.

Scotland has qualified for the Under-19 Cricket World Cup on eight occasions, the third-most of European countries behind England and Ireland. Scotland has never progressed past the first round, with their best performance coming in 2012 when they won the 11th-place play-off against Ireland.

England under-19 cricket team
The England Under-19 cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket,  have been playing official Under-19 Test matches since 1974. Prior to 1991/92 they were known as England Young Cricketers.

Former captains include Mike Atherton, Michael Vaughan, Alastair Cook and Andrew Flintoff, who have all gone on to captain the senior national team in Test matches after playing for this team.
Meier-Gorlin syndrome
Meier-Gorlin syndrome, also known as ear-patella-short stature syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which is mainly characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, patellar aplasia or hypoplasia, and underdevelopment of both ears. Patients have characteristic facial signs, such as small mouth with full lips, receding jaw, hooked nose, and small ears with abnormal shape. Meier-Gorlin syndrome is considered to be one of the forms of microcephalic primordial dwarfism.

Fewer than 150 cases had been recorded as of 2024.

Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal, or placental complications.

At least 60% of the 4 million neonatal deaths that occur worldwide every year are associated with low birth weight, caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, and genetic abnormalities, demonstrating that under-nutrition is already a leading health problem at birth.

Intrauterine growth restriction can result in a baby being small for gestational age (SGA), which is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. At the end of pregnancy, it can result in a low birth weight.
WGTK (AM)
WGTK (970 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is owned by the Word Media Group and airs a conservative talk format, calling itself "970 The Answer". Its studios are on Corporate Campus Drive in Louisville.

The transmitter is on Hamburg Pike in Jeffersonville, Indiana. Programming is also heard on 50-watt FM translator W228EO at 93.5 MHz in Louisville.

WHAS (AM)
WHAS (840 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Louisville, Kentucky, airing a news/talk radio format. It is owned by iHeartMedia, with studios in downtown Louisville, in the Fourth Street Live! entertainment complex. First licensed in July 1922, it is the oldest radio station in Kentucky.

WHAS is a Class A clear-channel station, powered at 50,000 watts non-directional, the maximum for commercial AM stations. Its daytime signal can be heard in most of central Kentucky, as well as almost half of Indiana (including Indianapolis) and much of southwestern Ohio (including Cincinnati and Dayton). Its nighttime signal can be heard in most of the Eastern and Central United States and much of Canada with a good radio.
Barbara Schett
Barbara Schett Eagle (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʁbaʁa ˈʃɛt]; born 10 March 1976) is an Austrian former professional tennis player, who reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 7 in September 1999. Between 1993 and 2004 she played in 48 matches for the Austria Fed Cup team, winning 30. She also represented Austria at the 2000 Sydney Olympics in singles and doubles, reaching the quarterfinals of the singles event. She retired after the 2005 Australian Open and now works for Eurosport as a commentator and presenter.

Mutua Madrileña
Mutua Madrileña, S.A. also known as La Mutua, is by its joint venture with Vida Caixa, the largest Spanish insurance company as both Vida Caixa and Mutua Madrileña occupy the first and third position (respectively) of the Spanish Insurance Company Ranking in 2020 by GWP (Gross Written Premium). Founded in 1930, it provides life, automobile, health, and accident insurance, as well as pension and investment funds. 
It has an international footprint in Colombia and Chile since 2019 with the acquisition of 45% of Seguros del Estado (Colombia) and the acquisition and control of 60% of BCI Seguros (Chile), which are the second and first biggest companies in Colombia and Chile respectively.

In 2011, it bought 50% of SegurCaixa Adeslas, the leading health insurance company in Spain. With an investment of more than 1,000 million euros, the purchase became the largest bancassurance operation ever carried out in Spain.
Aleksandr Nadiradze
Aleksandr Davidovich Nadiradze (Georgian: ალექსანდრე  ნადირაძე, Russian: Александр Давидович Надирадзе; 2 September 1914 – 3 September 1987) was a Soviet engineer of Georgian ethnicity who was instrumental in militarization of the former Soviet space program.

He designed various ballistics missiles, shells, and their delivery system, for which he is considered "father" of the mobile ICBMs, having created the RT-21 Temp 2S (SS-16), RSD-10 Pioneer (SS-20) and the RT-2PM Topol (SS-25). More modern weapons such as the RT-2PM2 Topol-M and RS-24 are mostly based on Nadiradze's work as well.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Paul Williams (Australian rules footballer)
Paul Williams (born 3 April 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is also a former assistant coach in the AFL, which most notably included a brief period as caretaker coach of the Western Bulldogs towards the end of the 2011 season.

Bob Skilton Medal
The Bob Skilton Medal is an annual Australian rules football award presented to the player(s) adjudged the best and fairest at the Sydney Swans (formerly the South Melbourne Football Club) throughout the Victorian Football League/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL) season. It is named after Bob Skilton, who won the award a record nine times from 1958 to 1968. The voting system, as of the 2017 AFL season, involves five coaches giving an undetermined number of players up to ten votes each after every match. Players can receive a maximum of 50 votes for a game.
Shooting at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone
The men's 50 metre rifle prone was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on August 13, 1932. 26 shooters from 9 nations competed.

Shooting at the 1932 Summer Olympics
When shooting was reintroduced at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles after being absent at the previous Games, it consisted of two events, one rifle event and one pistol event. The competitions were held on August 12, 1932 and August 13, 1932.
Duchy of Parma–United States relations
The Duchy of Parma and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1850 with formal relations established in 1853. Diplomatic relations ceased in 1860 when the Duchy was incorporated into Kingdom of Sardinia then into the Kingdom of Italy the following year in 1861.

Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, Latin: Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae) was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.

Originally a realm of the Farnese family after Pope Paul III made it a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese, it was ruled by the dynasty until 1731, when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs. After a decade of Habsburg rule, the duchy passed to the House of Bourbon-Parma.

It was invaded by Napoleon and annexed by France, having its sovereignty restored in 1814 after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon's wife, Marie Louise (Maria Luigia), then ruled as its duchess until her death. Parma was restored to Bourbon rule in 1847, and in 1859, the duchy was formally abolished as it was integrated into the new Italian state.
Rachael Adams
Rachael Alexis Adams (born June 3, 1990) is an American former professional volleyball player who played as a middle blocker for the United States women's national volleyball team. Adams won gold with the national team at the 2014 World Championship and bronze at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games.

2016 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2016 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 24th edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 teams from 3 June to 10 July 2016. The Group 1 final round was held in Bangkok, Thailand. Brazil captured their record eleventh title in the tournament after a 3–2 win over defending champions United States. In the bronze medal match, The Netherlands prevailed in five sets over Russia. Natália Pereira was elected the most valuable player.

In the Group 2 finals held in Varna, Bulgaria, Dominican Republic defeated Poland in five sets and earned a promotion to Group 1 for the 2017 season.

Moreover, in the Group 3 finals in Almaty, Kazakhstan, Croatia defeated the home team in straight sets to earn a promotion to Group 2 in the 2017 edition.
Peter C. Young
Peter Colin Young (born 9 February 1940) is a British-born ichthyologist and parasitologist who spent most of his career in Australia. From 1995 to 1997, he served as president of the Australian Society for Fish Biology.

Monogenea
Monogeneans, members of the class Monogenea (/ˌmɒnəˈdʒiːniːə/ MON-ə-JEE-nee-ə), are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.

Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus Gyrodactylus  is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus Dactylogyrus is an example of an oviparous variety.
Wool Market Square, Bydgoszcz
Wool Market square is located in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Many of its buildings are either registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, or part of Bydgoszcz local history. On its centre stands a statue of Leon Barciszewski, mayor of Bydgoszcz (1932–1939).

Tympanum (architecture)
A tympanum (pl. tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. Many architectural styles include this element, although it is most commonly associated with Romanesque and Gothic architecture.

Alternatively, the tympanum may hold an inscription, or in modern times, a clock face.
David Mirvish Gallery
David Mirvish Gallery was a contemporary, commercial art gallery run by David Mirvish, within the Markham Street art community in Mirvish Village in Toronto. It opened in 1963 and closed in 1978. Artists at the gallery were best known for Color Field and Post-painterly Abstraction works. Mirvish assembled the Mirvish Collection, consisting of mostly contemporary artwork including artists he represented, lending it out to museums around the United States and Europe after the gallery's closure. In 2012, Mirvish announced plans to open a gallery to display these works, at planned condominium project Mirvish+Gehry Toronto.

Princess of Wales Theatre
The Princess of Wales Theatre is a 2,000-seat live theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on King Street West, in Toronto's downtown Entertainment District. The theatre's name has a triple meaning: it honours Diana, Princess of Wales, with whose consent the theatre was named; it links the building to its sister theatre, the Royal Alexandra, one block to the east, also named – with Royal assent – for a former Princess of Wales; and it recalls the Princess Theatre, Toronto's first "first-class legitimate" playhouse, that stood three blocks to the east until 1931.
Pavel Londak
Pavel Londak (born 14 May 1980) is a former Estonian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

Londak spent most of his career playing in Estonia and Norway. He won the 2016 Tippeligaen with Rosenborg.

Estonian Supercup
The Estonian Supercup (Estonian: Eesti Superkarikas) is Estonian football's annual super cup, contested between the champions of the previous Meistriliiga season and the holders of the Estonian Cup. If the Meistriliiga champions also won the Estonian Cup, then the league runners-up provide the opposition.

In 2024, the competition was branded the A. Le Coq Superkarikas in a naming rights deal with the Estonian brewery A. Le Coq.

The current supercup holders are Nõmme Kalju FC.
Vazhamuttom
Vazhamuttom is a village township near to Pathanamthitta Town in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India. River Achankovil split Vazhamuttom in to two parts West Vazhamuttom and East Vazhamuttom. Thazhoor Kadavu Palam (bridge) connect both places together near Thazhoor Temple.

Kaipattoor
Kaipattoor is a  small town in Vallicode panchayat  of Pathanamthitta district  in Kerala, India. Kaipattoor (also spelled Kaippattoor, Kaippattor and Kaippattur) is located in the western part of Pathanamthitta district. It is 6 kilometers from the district headquarters Pathanamthitta at south east direction. It is watered by the  Achenkovil river. The village is under Vallicode Panchayat.
Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck
The Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck in Beltrami County, Minnesota was the longest timber trestle in the state. It was built in 1901 and 1902 by the Minnesota and International Railway, a subsidiary of the Northern Pacific Railroad, on a line between Koochiching (now International Falls) and Bemidji, Minnesota, where it met a branch line of the parent railroad running north from Brainerd. The bridge carried the railroad over Coburn Creek and a difficult marsh in Blackduck and was noted for its considerable length and intact substructure when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places 2014.

The bridge was a low structure 701 feet (210 m) long.  After the railroad was abandoned the trestle became part of the Blue Ox Trail, a recreational trail used by hikers and snowmobilers.  More than one-third of it was burned by arson in April 2015. Efforts have been made to raise funds to rebuild the destroyed portion of the bridge.

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
28th Kolkata International Film Festival
The 28th Kolkata International Film Festival was held from 15 to 22 December 2022 at Netaji Indoor Stadium, in Kolkata, India. The festival opened with 1973 film Abhimaan, by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. 183 films including 130 feature films and 52 short and documentary films from 42 countries were screened during 7 days of the festival. The opening ceremony was attended by West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji, Mahesh Bhatt and cricketer Sourav Ganguly.

The festival closed on 22 December at Rabindra Sadan hosted by Saheb Chatterjee. Spanish film Upon Entry by Alejandro Rojas, and Juan Sebastian Vasquez and Bangladeshi film The Golden Wings of Watercocks by Muhammad Quayum, jointly won the Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award for best film, whereas Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award for best director was won by Ernesto Ardito and Virna Molina for their film Hitler's Witch.

Kolkata International Film Festival
The Kolkata International Film Festival (KIFF) is an annual film festival held in Kolkata, India. Founded in 1995, it is the third oldest international film festival in India. The festival is organized by the West Bengal Film Centre under the West Bengal Government. In 2019, it was held from 8 November to 15 November. In 2024 the inaugural ceremony of the Kolkata International Film Festival will take place on 4 December and will continue upto 11 December 2024.The 30th Kolkata International Film Festival began on 4 December 2024 at Dhanadhanya Auditorium, in Kolkata, India. A 1966 Bengali film Galpo Holeo Satti by Tapan Sinha opened the festival

Duration will be not less than 60 minutes for featured films. The length of short films must be not more than 30 minutes, and for documentaries not more than 60 minutes. Productions may not be older than two years and must be an Indian premiere.