hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Musa ibn Abi al-Abbas
Musa ibn Abi al-Abbas (Arabic: موسى بن أبى العباس) was a governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate, from 834 until 839.

He received his appointment from the Turkish general Ashinas, who additionally granted him oversight over the provincial taxes on an intermittent basis. During his tenure in office Egypt was in a relatively quiet state, but at the same time the Inquisition officially remained in place. In his last years he was also forced to deal with a dispute with some of the residents of the Hawf district, which he at length settled.

Musa remained as governor until early 839, after a term of nearly five years, and was replaced by Malik ibn Kaydar.

Ashinas
Abu Ja'far Ashinas (Arabic: أبو جعفر أشناس; died 17 or 19 December 844) was a general of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tasim. One of the earliest and most prominent members of al-Mu'tasim's Turkic guard, he rose to become one of the leading figures of the empire under al-Mu'tasim, serving as a commander in the Amorium campaign, and playing a leading role in the purge of the old Abbasid elites that followed. He was also governor of Egypt from 834, as well as of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia from 838 on, although in practice he appointed deputies to govern in his stead. Under al-Mu'tasim's successor al-Wathiq, his powers were extended further into a virtual viceroyalty over all western provinces of the caliphate.
Brightwell-cum-Sotwell
Brightwell-cum-Sotwell is a twin-village and civil parish in the Upper Thames Valley in South Oxfordshire. It lies between Didcot to the west and the historic market town of Wallingford to the east. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire to the county of Oxfordshire, and from Wallingford Rural District to the district of South Oxfordshire.

South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire is a local government district in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England. Its council is temporarily based outside the district at Abingdon-on-Thames pending a planned move to Didcot, the district's largest town. The areas located south of the River Thames are within the historic county of Berkshire.
Ivar Molde
Ivar Molde (29 September 1949 – 6 February 2024)  born in Voss was a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

From 1973 to 1975 he was the chairman of the Youth of the Christian People's Party, the youth wing of the Christian Democratic Party. He took over the post from Kjell Magne Bondevik, who later became prime minister.

Molde later served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland during the term 1993–1997.

His profession was a priest until his retirement in 2016. He was editor of Stille Stunder from 2004 to his death in 2024.

Kjell Magne Bondevik
Kjell Magne Bondevik (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈçɛlː ˈmɑ̀ŋnə ˈbʊ̀nːəviːk] ⓘ; born 3 September 1947) is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician. As leader of the Christian Democratic Party, he served as the prime minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him, after Erna Solberg, Norway's second longest serving non-Labour Party prime minister since World War II. Currently, Bondevik is president of the Oslo Centre for Peace and Human Rights.
Chroma subsampling
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance.

It is used in many video and still image encoding schemes – both analog and digital – including in JPEG encoding.

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) (/ˈsɪmptiː/, rarely /ˈsʌmptiː/), founded by Charles Francis Jenkins in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE, is a global professional association of engineers, technologists, and executives working in the media and entertainment industry. As an internationally recognized standards organization, SMPTE has published more than 800 technical standards and related documents for broadcast, filmmaking, digital cinema, audio recording, information technology (IT), and medical imaging.

SMPTE also publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal, provides networking opportunities for its members, produces academic conferences and exhibitions, and performs other industry-related functions. SMPTE membership is open to any individual or organization with an interest in the subject matter. In the US, SMPTE is a 501(c)3 non-profit charitable organization.
The Atlantic Paranormal Society
The Atlantic Paranormal Society (TAPS) is an organization that investigates reported paranormal activity. Based in Warwick, Rhode Island, TAPS was founded in 1990 by Jason Hawes as Rhode Island Paranormal Society (RIPS). In 1995, Grant Wilson joined, and the team was renamed The Atlantic Paranormal Society (TAPS). In 2004, the organization itself became the subject of Ghost Hunters, a popular weekly American paranormal reality television series on the Syfy channel. The show ran for eleven seasons on Syfy in the US. The show aired in the UK nine months after the US premier on Living It.

Paranormal television
Paranormal television is a genre of reality television that purports to document factual investigations of the paranormal rather than fictional representations seen in traditional narrative films and TV. Over the years, the genre has grown to be a staple of television and even changed the programming focus of networks like the History Channel and the Travel Channel. By highlighting beliefs in topics ranging from Bigfoot to aliens, paranormal television continues to elevate popular interest in the paranormal.
Bani Hajer (Al Rayyan)
Bani Hajer (Arabic: بني هاجر) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Al Rayyan and part of the Doha Metropolitan Area.

In the 2015 census, it was listed as a district of Zone 51, with a population of 56,027. It includes Izghawa, Gharrafat Al Rayyan, Al Gharrafa, Al Seej, Rawdat Egdaim and Al Themaid.

The district is 10 km (6.2 mi) away from central Doha. It is bordered to the north by Rawdat Egdaim.

Al Gharrafa
Al Gharrafa (Arabic: الغرافة, romanized: Al Gharrāfah) is a Qatari district of Al Rayyan City, which is located in the municipality of Al Rayyan. In close proximity to Education City and constituting a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area, the Doha Expressway and Al Shamal Highway run along the district. Many malls operate out of the area. To the east, it neighbors the largely residential areas of Duhail and Madinat Khalifa North, therefore Al Gharrafa is largely a retail hub for nearby residential areas. Doha's downtown is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast.
2025 Porto Open
The 2025 Porto Open (known as the Eupago Porto Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the nineteenth edition of the men's event and the twenty-second edition of the women's event. The tournament was part of the 2025 WTA 125 tournaments, the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Men's Circuit. It took place in Porto, Portugal, between 14 and 20 July 2025 for the women and between 21 July and 3 August 2025 for the men.

2025 WTA 125 tournaments
The WTA 125 tournaments were the secondary professional tennis circuit tournaments organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2025 calendar consisted of fifty three tournaments announced or confirmed through various sources.
Toxolasma parvus
Toxolasma parvus, the lilliput, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species is found throughout the Mississippi River drainage in the United States from South Dakota east to New York, south to Florida and west to Texas, as well as in Ontario, Canada.

Unionidae
The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.

The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. It is at its most diverse in North America, with about 297 recognised taxa, but China and Southeast Asia also support very diverse faunas.

Freshwater mussels occupy a wide range of habitats, but most often occupy lotic waters, i.e. flowing water such as rivers, streams and creeks.
Thor language
Thor (Thor Chin; IPA: t̪ʰɔːɹ³³), also known as Tawr (Tawr Chin), Laamtuk Thet, or Ruavan Thet, is a Kuki-Chin language spoken in two villages of Hakha Township, Chin State, Myanmar.

VanBik (2009:48) proposes the name Laamtuk Thet (from the speakers' autonym Thet), and notes that Thawr is in fact a derogatory exonym that means ‘dirty’ or ‘sour’ in Hakha. It is spoken in Laamtuk and Ruavaan villages, located about 60 miles southeast of Hakha town (VanBik 2009:48).

Hakha Chin
Hakha Chin, or Laiholh, is a Kuki-Chin language spoken by nearly 300,000 people, mostly in Myanmar. In Mizoram, the language is recognized as Pawi. The total figure includes 2,000 Zokhua and 60,100 Hakha speakers. The speakers are largely concentrated in Chin State in western Myanmar and Mizoram in eastern India, with a small number of speakers in south-eastern Bangladesh.
2009 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The 2009 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament was the 28th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division II women's  collegiate basketball in the United States.

Minnesota State defeated Franklin Pierce in the championship game, 103–94, to claim the Mavericks' first NCAA Division II national title.

The championship rounds were contested at Bill Greehey Arena on the campus of the St. Mary's University in San Antonio, Texas.

NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament (officially styled as "Championship" instead of "Tournament") is an annual tournament to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II women's college basketball national champion.

Basketball was one of 12 women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA and Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) sought for sole governance of women's collegiate athletics. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championships; however, after a year of dual women's championships at the national level, the AIAW disbanded.

The 2020 Elite Eight was due to be held at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, AL before the NCAA called off the tournament due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

The field was reduced to 48 in 2021 and returned to the normal 64 in 2022.

Grand Valley State are the defending national champions, winning their second national title in 2025.
Kumealon Inlet
Kumealon Inlet is an inlet on the Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It lies on the eastern side of the north end of Grenville Channel facing Pitt Island.

Kumealon Inlet sits between the Ecstall Pluton and the Grenville Channel shear zone, and is bounded by rocks dating to the Albian (102.6±3.7Ma).
The inlet provides an extensive tidal course, well protected from storm surge, and has a sheltered foreshore combined with substantial tidal flats.

Pitt Island (Canada)
Pitt Island is an island located on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada.
The island is of cultural and ecological importance.

Pitt island is located between Banks Island, across Grenville Channel (part of the Inside Passage) from the mainland, and is separated from Banks Island by Principe Channel. The island is mountainous and heavily dissected by valleys, fjords, and inlets and has an area of 1,368 square kilometres (528 sq mi), is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long, and ranges from 8 to 23 kilometres (5.0 to 14.3 mi) wide. Its highest point is at 962 metres (3,156 ft).

Pitt Island is the only island in British Columbia known to host a resident population of moose.
Peter & the Wolf ("Weird Al" Yankovic and Wendy Carlos album)
Peter & the Wolf/Carnival of the Animals – Part II is a studio album by American parody singer-songwriter and musician "Weird Al" Yankovic and composer and keyboardist Wendy Carlos, released in October 1988 on CBS Records. It features a comical adaptation of the orchestral works Peter and the Wolf by Sergei Prokofiev and The Carnival of the Animals by Camille Saint-Saëns.

Peter and the Wolf
Peter and the Wolf (Russian: Пе́тя и волк, romanized: Pétya i volk, IPA: [ˈpʲetʲə i voɫk]), Op. 67, a "symphonic tale for children", is a programmatic musical composition written by Sergei Prokofiev in 1936. The narrator tells a Russian folk tale, which the orchestra illustrates by using different instruments to play themes that represent each character in the story.
Edmund Gettier
Edmund Lee Gettier III (/ˈɡɛtiər/ GET-ee-er; October 31, 1927 – March 23, 2021) was an American philosopher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.  He is best known for his article written in 1963: "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", which has generated an extensive philosophical literature trying to respond to what became known as the Gettier problem.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Cheylesmore
Cheylesmore /ˈtʃaɪlzmɔː/ is a suburb in the southern half of the city of Coventry, West Midlands, England.  It is one of Coventry's largest suburbs, sharing borders with Whitley and Stivichall (also spelt Styvechale) in the South, extending into Coventry city centre and bordering with Earlsdon in the North. Locally pronounced as 'Charlesmore' or occasionally 'Chellsmore', Cheylesmore has two shopping parades situated in Daventry Road and Quinton Park. These shops overlook a small park and pool known as Quinton Pool. It takes its name from Cheylesmore Manor. The original name probably derives from 'Chez Les Morts' since a huge plague pit was found during excavations after the Second World War. The city gate leading to the area was labelled as Childsmore Gate on old maps, an alternative etymology of the name.

Whitley, Coventry
Whitley is a suburb of southern Coventry in the West Midlands of England and a major centre of the English automotive corporation Jaguar Land Rover, including the headquarters of the company. The name Whitley is said to mean "from the white meadow".
Ramanuj Nagar
Ramanuj Nagar is a "Nagar panchayat" area of Premnagar constituency of chhattisgarh in India and is a part of the Surajpur District. Ramanuj Nagar is about 21 km northeast from Surajpur and is 60 km away from Ambikapur; the nearest big city.

Surajpur, Chhattisgarh
Surajpur is a Nagar Palika Parishad situated in the bank of Rihand River in Surajpur district of Chhattisgarh state in Central India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Surajpur district, located 334 km away from the state's capital city, Raipur. National Highway 43 passes through city and It is well connected to Ranchi,  Varanasi, Singrauli via Road, Surajpur Road railway station is  connected to major cities like Delhi, Agra, Gwalior, katni, Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg-Bhilai.
2011 Liberty Bowl
The 2011 Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game played on December 31, 2011, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. With sponsorship from AutoZone, the 53rd edition of the Liberty Bowl was officially the AutoZone Liberty Bowl.

The game, which was telecast at 2:30 p.m. CT on ABC, featured the Cincinnati Bearcats, Big East co-champions, versus the Vanderbilt Commodores of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). It was the first edition of the game to be aired by ABC since 1980. Cincinnati won the game, 31–24, in front of a crowd of 57,103.

Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium
Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium, originally named Memphis Memorial Stadium, and later Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium, is a football stadium located at the former Mid-South Fairgrounds in the Midtown area of Memphis, Tennessee, United States. The stadium is the site of the annual Liberty Bowl, the annual Southern Heritage Classic, and is the home field of the University of Memphis Tigers football team of the American Athletic Conference. It has also been the host of several attempts at professional sports in the city, as well as other local football games and other gatherings.
American Fighter Aces Association
American Fighter Aces Association is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which recognizes the 1,450 combat American pilots (referred to as Aces) who have had five or more aerial victories in combat. The AFAA is located in Seattle's Museum of Flight. The exhibit houses documents, artifacts and histories of the Aces.

Charles G. Cleveland
Charles Goold Cleveland (November 13, 1927 – May 22, 2021) was an American Air Force lieutenant general and flying ace who was commander of the Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. He was the longest lived American fighter ace of the Korean War. After the death of Wang Hai in August 2020, he was the last living flying ace from the Korean war. He was the recipient of the Silver Star, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal and the Meritorious Service Medal.
Quintus Marcius Philippus
Quintus Marcius Philippus was a name used by men of the gens Marcia in Ancient Rome. They belonged to the Marcii Philippi.

Quintus Marcius, grandfather of the consul in 281 BC.

Quintus Marcius Q.f., father of the consul in 281 BC. Possibly the same person as Quintus Marcius Tremulus.

Quintus Marcius Philippus, consul in 281 BC, triumphed over the Etruscans, nominated magister equitum in 263 by the dictator Gnaeus Fulvius Maximus Centumalus.

Quintus Marcius Philippus, praetor in 188 BC of Sicily, consul in 186 and 169, later censor in 164.

Quintus Marcius Q. f. L. n. Philippus, son of the consul in 186 and 169 BC, served under his father in Macedonia.

Quintus Marcius Philippus, according to Cicero, was condemned, and went into exile at Nuceria, where he became a citizen. He might possibly be the same as the son of the consul of 186 and 169 BC.

Quintus Marcius Philippus, proconsul of Cilicia from 47 to 46 BC.

Quintus Marcius Philippus (consul 281 BC)
Quintus Marcius Philippus (Quintus Marcius Q. f. Q. n. Philippus) was a Roman consul in 281 BC.

His father was probably Quintus Marcius Tremulus, consul in 306 and 288 BC. Instead of the cognomen Tremulus he took Philippus, which was further inherited by his descendants.

He was elected consul together with Lucius Aemilius Barbula. His victory over the Etruscans earned him a triumph on April 1 of that year.  In 269 BC he was elected censor together with his co-consul Lucius Aemilius Barbula. In 263 BC he was magister equitum to the dictator Gnaeus Fulvius Maximus Centumalus.
Srđan Subotić
Srđan Subotić (pronounced [sř̩d͡ʑan sǔbotitɕ]; born 27 February 1980) is a Croatian professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for Polski Cukier Toruń of the Polish Basketball League (PLK) and for the men's Croatia national under-18 team.

Swedish Basketball League
Svenska Basketligan, or the Swedish Basketball League (SBL), is the premier league for professional basketball in Sweden. The league was originally established in 1992 as Basketligan and was known as that prior to the season of 2006–07, but when the Swedish company Obol Investment signed an agreement with the Swedish Basketball Federation in early October 2006, the league was renamed Obol Basketball League (OBL). In January 2007 the name was changed to Ligan, meaning simply the League.
Connaissance des Temps
The Connaissance des temps (English: Knowledge of the Times) is an official yearly publication of astronomical ephemerides in France. Until just after the French Revolution, the title appeared as Connoissance des temps, and for several years afterwards also as Connaissance des tems.

Jérôme Lalande
Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande (French: [lalɑ̃d]; 11 July 1732 – 4 April 1807) was a French astronomer, freemason and writer. He is known for having estimated a precise value of the astronomical unit (the distance from the Earth to the Sun) using measurements of the transit of Venus in 1769.
SSD Sanremese Calcio
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Sanremese Calcio, commonly referred to as Sanremese, is an Italian association football club, based in Sanremo, Liguria.

The historical U.S. Sanremese was liquidated in 1987. The present-day club was established in 2015.

Currently it plays in Serie D.

Terza Categoria
The Terza Categoria is the lowest level of amateur football in Italy.  It is the ninth level in the Italian football league system. Each individual league winner within the Terza Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Seconda Categoria level.  Unlike all the levels above the Terza Categoria, there is no relegation.

This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a provincial level from the Local and Provincial Committees. It is also the only Italian football division where head coaches are not requested to own any license released by the federation.

In theory, this is the final league in Italy from which a team can rise the ranks and eventually become Serie A champions.
Bromic acid
Bromic acid, also known as hydrogen bromate, is an oxoacid with the molecular formula HBrO3. It only exists in aqueous solution. It is a colorless solution that turns yellow at room temperature as it decomposes to bromine. Bromic acid and bromates are powerful oxidizing agents and are common ingredients in Belousov–Zhabotinsky reactions.  Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions are a classic example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Bromate
The bromate anion, BrO−3, is a bromine-based oxoanion. A bromate is a chemical compound that contains this ion. Examples of bromates include sodium bromate (NaBrO3) and potassium bromate (KBrO3).

Bromates are formed many different ways in municipal drinking water. The most common is the reaction of ozone and bromide:

Br− + O3 → BrO−3

Electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis of brine without a membrane operating to form hypochlorite, will also produce bromate when bromide ion is present in the brine solution.

Photoactivation (sunlight exposure) will encourage liquid or gaseous bromine to generate bromate in bromide-containing water.

In laboratories bromates can be synthesized by dissolving Br2 in a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The following reactions will take place (via the intermediate creation of hypobromite):

Br2 + 2 OH− → Br− + BrO− + H2O

3 BrO− → BrO−3 + 2 Br−
Fort de Hollogne
50°38′46.7″N 5°27′57.7″E﻿ / ﻿50.646306°N 5.466028°E﻿ / 50.646306; 5.466028

The Fort de Hollogne (French pronunciation: [fɔʁ də ɔlɔɲ]) is one of twelve forts built around Liège, Belgium, in the late 19th century. The overall Fortified Position of Liège was a constituent part of the country's National Redoubt. Fort de Hollogne was built between 1881 and 1884 according to the plans of General Henri Alexis Brialmont. Contrasting with the French forts built in the same era by Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières, the fort was built exclusively of unreinforced concrete, a new material, rather than masonry. The fort was heavily bombarded by German artillery in the Battle of Liège. Hollogne was never upgraded like the other forts of Liège and retains its character as a Brialmont fort. It is preserved as a museum and may be visited by the public.

5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
The 5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt "Canon de caponnière" was a fortress gun and infantry gun developed during the 1880s in Britain which was sold to Belgium and later produced under license by the Cockerill company.  It saw action during World War I in both Belgian and German hands.