hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnetorheological fluid
A magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid, or MRF) is a type of smart fluid which, when subjected to a magnetic field, greatly increases in apparent viscosity, to the point of becoming a viscoelastic solid. Importantly, the yield stress of the fluid when in its active ("on") state can be controlled very accurately by varying the magnetic field intensity. The upshot is that the fluid's ability to transmit force can be controlled with an electromagnet, which gives rise to its many possible control-based applications.

MR fluid is different from a ferrofluid which has smaller particles. MR fluid particles are primarily on the micrometre-scale and are too dense for Brownian motion to keep them suspended (in the lower density carrier fluid). Ferrofluid particles are primarily nanoparticles that are suspended by Brownian motion and generally will not settle under normal conditions. As a result, these two fluids have very different applications.

Apparent viscosity
In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted η) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate:

For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity depends on the shear rate. Apparent viscosity has the SI derived unit Pa·s (Pascal-second), but the centipoise is frequently used in practice: (1 mPa·s = 1 cP).
Novomer
Novomer is a venture-funded chemistry technology development company. The company was founded in 2004 in Ithaca, New York, as a direct spin-off from Cornell University, building on pioneering research led by Professor Geoffrey W. Coates in the field of sustainable polymer chemistry.

Its core technology is a proprietary catalyst that enables carbon monoxide and ethylene oxide to be used as raw materials in the production of polymers and chemicals.

In August 2021, Novomer was acquired by Danimer Scientific with the goal of integrating Novomer’s advanced materials platform into a global portfolio of biodegradable and compostable plastics.

In March 2025, Danimer Scientific filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after warning that it may end up winding down its operations, and initiating the sale of various business assets including those belonging to Novomer.

Danimer Scientific
Danimer Scientific,  formerly known as Meredian Holdings Group Inc. and MHG, is a biopolymer manufacturer headquartered in Bainbridge, Georgia.

Danimer Scientific owns the patent for Nodax medium-chain-length branched polyhydroxyalkanoates, mcl-PHA. The company uses PHA and other biopolymers to create a range of applications such as additives, aqueous coatings, extrusion coating, extrusion lamination, fibers, film resins, hot melt adhesives, injection molding, thermoforming and wax replacement polymers. In addition, Danimer Scientific offers research and development in the formulation of biopolymers. Danimer Scientific also provides toll manufacturing and compounding services, allowing partners to use the Bainbridge facility to manufacture products.
Cedric Burnside
Cedric O. Burnside (born August 26, 1978) is an American electric blues guitarist, drummer, singer and songwriter. He is the son of blues drummer Calvin Jackson and  grandson of blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist R. L. Burnside.

Amongst many others, Burnside has played drums, either live or on record, with R. L. Burnside, Jessie Mae Hemphill, John Hermann, Kenny Brown, Richard Johnston, Jimmy Buffett, T-Model Ford, Paul "Wine" Jones, Widespread Panic, Afrissippi, and the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion.

Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album
The Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album was awarded from 1983 to 2011 and from 2017 onwards. Until 1992 the award was known as Best Traditional Blues Performance and was twice awarded to individual tracks rather than albums.

The award was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy season in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012 onwards, the category was merged with the Best Contemporary Blues Album category to form the new Best Blues Album category. However, in 2016 the Grammy organisation decided to revert the situation back to the pre-2012 era, with two separate categories for traditional and contemporary blues recordings respectively.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for music released in the previous year. B.B. King holds the record of most wins in the category with ten.
Nyonin Geijutsu
The Nyonin Geijutsu (女人芸術), which translates to Women's Arts, was a Japanese women's literary magazine that ran from July 1928 to June 1932. It was published by Hasegawa Shigure. They published 48 issues that focused on feminism and women's art and literature. It was one of the most influential Japanese literary women's magazines since the Bluestocking.

Seitō (magazine)
Seitō (Japanese: 青鞜), also known by its translated title Bluestocking, was a literary magazine created in 1911 by a group of five women: Haru Raichō Hiratsuka, Yasumochi Yoshiko, Mozume Kazuko, Kiuchi Teiko, and Nakano Hatsuko. The group called themselves the Japanese Bluestocking Society (青鞜社 Seitō-sha) and used the magazine to promote the equal rights of women through literature and education. The magazine they developed was designed to articulate women's self-awareness and the gender-based societal limitations they faced, but its promotion of early feminist beliefs through controversial publications caused it to be banned by the Japanese Home Ministry for being "disruptive to society". Members of The Bluestockings were berated by the press, and their private lives were a source of outrage for the public. Bluestocking produced 52 issues with over 110 contributors. It is credited as an influence for modern Japanese feminism.
Armorial of the Communes of Oise (Q–Z)
This page lists the armoury (emblazons=graphics and blazons=heraldic descriptions; or coats of arms) of the communes from Q-Z in Oise (department 60)

Other pages:

Armorial of the Communes of Oise (A–C)

Armorial of the Communes of Oise (D–H)

Armorial of the Communes of Oise (I–P)

Armorial of the Communes of Oise (Q–Z)

Oise
Oise (/wɑːz/ WAHZ; French: [waz] ⓘ; Picard: Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called Oisiens (French: [wazjɛ̃]) or Isariens, after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 in 2019.
Etsuko Mita
Etsuko Mita (三田英津子, Mita Etsuko; born May 28, 1969) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler. She formed a successful tag team with her partner Mima Shimoda as Las Cachorras Orientales (Spanish for "The Oriental Bitches"; which was originally a trio with Akira Hokuto) and Toshiyo Yamada as Dream Orca. She is credited as the creator of the Death Valley Driver. Mita retired on November 1, 2009, defeating former tag team partner Makoto in her final singles match and teaming with Mima Shimoda in a loss against Kyoko Inoue and Nanae Takahashi in her final tag team match.

AJW Tag Team Championship
The AJW Tag Team Championship was the secondary tag team title in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling. The title was introduced in 1986 and was retired in April 2005 when the promotion closed. There have been a total of thirty-four reigns shared between twenty-seven teams consisting of forty-nine distinctive champions and eleven vacancies.
Urzicuța
Urzicuța is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 3,154 people. It is composed of two villages, Urzica Mare and Urzicuța.

The commune is located in the south-central part of the county, 17 km (11 mi) from the city of Băilești, 20 km (12 mi) from the town of Segarcea, and 50 km (31 mi) from the county seat, Craiova. It neighbors Giurgița commune to the north and east, Bârca commune to the east, Bistreț commune to the south, Afumați commune to the south and west, and Siliștea Crucii commune to the west.
Urzicuța is traversed by county road DJ561A

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.
David Wu (Hong Kong actor)
David Wu Tai Wai (Chinese: 胡大為; born 31 July 1952) is a Hong Kong-Canadian editor, director, and actor of film and television, known for his collaborations with directors John Woo and Ronnie Yu. He is also the editor of several international cult classics such as A Chinese Ghost Story (1987), Hard Boiled (1992), Bride of Chucky (1998), and Brotherhood of the Wolf (2001).

He has been nominated 12 times for the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Editing, winning twice for Hard Boiled and The Crossing (2014). He has also been nominated for several Directors Guild of Canada and Leo Awards.

Hong Kong Canadians
Hong Kong Canadians, or Hong Konger–Canadians, are Canadians who were born or raised in Hong Kong, hold permanent residency in Hong Kong, or trace their ancestry back to Hong Kong. In Canada, the majority of Hong Kong Canadians reside in the metropolitan areas of Toronto and Vancouver. Many Hong Kong Canadians continue to maintain their status as Hong Kong permanent residents.

The largest wave of immigration to Canada from Hong Kong occurred during the late 1980s and early 1990s, as a result of the uncertainties concerning the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. In the decades that followed the handover of Hong Kong, a number of Hong Kong Canadians have moved back to the territory.
1983 Tongan A Grade
The 1983 season of the Tongan A Grade was the 10th season of top flight association football competition in Tonga. Ngeleʻia FC won the championship for the second time, their second title in a then-record of 7 consecutive championships.

Nukuʻalofa
Nukuʻalofa (/ˌnuːkuəˈloʊfə/ NOO-koo-ə-LOH-fə, Tongan: [nukuʔaˈlofa]) is the capital and largest city of Tonga. It is located on the north coast of the island of Tongatapu, in the country's southernmost island group.
Modern Synthesis
Modern Synthesis is the second studio album by English rock band Area 11. It was released on 1 July 2016 and has an 11-song track list similar to their previous album All The Lights In The Sky. The album was written and partially recorded in Italy from between in the Spring of 2016 and then recorded in England throughout the rest of the year of 2015 into early 2016 between the band's tours.

The writing process for this album was more collaborative than the band's other records, with Jonathan Kogan and Sparkles* sharing much of the work, and with band members Alex Parvis and Leo Taylor contributing. This album is the band's first to be partly distributed by a non-indie label: Cooking Vinyl.

All the Lights in the Sky
All the Lights in the Sky is the debut album by the English rock band Area 11. Released on 31 January 2013, the album was originally available exclusively on digital format, however as the band grew they began to distribute limited edition physical copies of the album. All The Lights in the Sky was written and produced entirely by the band themselves and released independently. Despite the band's strictly independent status, the album was a success and spawned a number of sell-out tours across the UK. The album's name, as well as the track Heaven-Piercing Giga Drill, are a direct reference to the Japanese anime series Gurren Lagann.
Stackless Python
Stackless Python, or Stackless, was a Python programming language interpreter. Its GitHub repository has been archived since February 2025, and the project has been officially discontinued.

It was so named because it avoids depending on the C call stack for its own stack. In practice, Stackless Python uses the C stack, but the stack is cleared between function calls. The most prominent feature of Stackless is microthreads, which avoid much of the overhead associated with usual operating system threads. In addition to Python features, Stackless also adds support for coroutines, communication channels, and task serialization.

Coroutine
Coroutines are computer program components that allow execution to be suspended and resumed, generalizing subroutines for cooperative multitasking. Coroutines are well-suited for implementing familiar program components such as cooperative tasks, exceptions, event loops, iterators, infinite lists and pipes.

They have been described as "functions whose execution you can pause".

Melvin Conway coined the term coroutine in 1958 when he applied it to the construction of an assembly program. The first published explanation of the coroutine appeared later, in 1963.
Outline of Joseph Smith
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the life and influence of Joseph Smith:

Joseph Smith (1805 – 1844) – central figure of Mormonism, whom the teachings of most List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement hold to be the founding Prophet. Smith is also called the Prophet of the Restoration.

Samuel H. Smith (Latter Day Saints)
Samuel Harrison Smith (13 March 1808 – 30 July 1844) was a younger brother of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Samuel was a leader in his own right and a successful missionary. Smith is commonly regarded as the first Latter Day Saint missionary following the organization of the Church of Christ by his brother, Joseph. One of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon's golden plates, Samuel Smith remained devoted to his church throughout his life.
Jeypore Assembly constituency
Jeypore is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Koraput district, Odisha.

Map of Jeypore Constituency

This constituency includes Jeypore, Jeypore block, 19 Gram panchayats (BB.Singpur, Benagam, Bodigam, Borigumma, Champapadar, Gujuniguda, Gumuda, Haridaguda, Hordali, Kamta, Katharagada, Kumuli, Munja, Narigam, Nuagam, Ranaspur, Sargiguda, Semolaguda and Benasur) of Borigumma block.

Koraput district
Koraput district is a district of India in southern Odisha, with its headquarters at the town of Koraput. The district is located in the Eastern Ghats and is known for its hilly terrain, rich and diverse mineral deposits and its tribal culture. The district headquarters town of Koraput and its largest city, Jeypore are major centres of trade and commerce for South Odisha and located on an important road connecting Visakhapatnam to Raipur.
Reprojection error
The reprojection error is a geometric error corresponding to the image distance between a projected point and a measured one. It is used to quantify how closely an estimate of a 3D point  recreates the point's true projection . More precisely, let  be the projection matrix of a camera and  be the image projection of , i.e. . The reprojection error of  is given by , where  denotes the Euclidean distance between the image points represented by vectors  and .

Minimizing the reprojection error can be used for estimating the error from point correspondences between two images. Suppose we are given 2D to 2D point imperfect correspondences . We wish to find a homography  and pairs of perfectly matched points  and , i.e. points that satisfy  that minimize the reprojection error function given by

So the correspondences can be interpreted as imperfect images of a world point and the reprojection error quantifies their deviation from the true image projections

Homography (computer vision)
In the field of computer vision, any two images of the same planar surface in space are related by a homography (assuming a pinhole camera model).  This has many practical applications, such as image rectification, image registration, or camera motion—rotation and translation—between two images.   Once camera resectioning has been done from an estimated homography matrix, this information may be used for navigation, or to insert models of 3D objects into an image or video, so that they are rendered with the correct perspective and appear to have been part of the original scene (see Augmented reality).
3rd West Lancashire Artillery
The 3rd West Lancashire Artillery (3rd West Lancs Artillery) was a volunteer unit of Britain's Territorial Force recruited from Liverpool that saw action during the First World War, distinguishing itself at the Battle of the Avre. During the Second World War, it served in the air defence and medium artillery roles at home and in the Far East. Its successor unit continues to serve as a battery in the modern Army Reserve.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
National shrine
A national shrine is a Catholic church or other sacred place which has met certain requirements and is given this honor by the national episcopal conference to recognize the church's special cultural, historical, and religious significance.

Lourdes
Lourdes (/lʊərd/, also US: /lʊərdz/, French: [luʁd] ⓘ; Occitan: Lorda [ˈluɾðɔ]) is a market town situated in the Pyrenees. It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region in southwestern France. Prior to the mid-19th century, the town was best known for its Château fort, a fortified castle that rises up from a rocky escarpment at its center.

In 1858, Lourdes rose to prominence in France and abroad due to the Marian apparitions to the peasant girl Bernadette Soubirous (later canonized a saint by the Catholic Church for her virtuous life). Shortly thereafter, the city and its Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes became among the world's most important sites for pilgrimage and religious tourism.
Federal Road (Cherokee lands)
The Federal Road through Cherokee lands, originally called the Georgia Road, was a federal toll highway passing through the Cherokee Nation in the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. From 1805 to the 1840s, the road linked Savannah, Georgia with Knoxville, Tennessee. The road also opened Cherokee lands to settlement.  Another Federal Road (Creek lands) passed through southern Alabama.

Hall County, Georgia
Hall County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 203,136, up from 179,684 at the 2010 census. The county seat is Gainesville. The entirety of Hall County comprises the Gainesville, Georgia, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, Combined Statistical Area.
95th Street/Beverly Hills station
95th Street/Beverly Hills is one of five Metra stations within the Beverly neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, along the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island District Line. The station is on 95th Street (US 12-20), 11.7 miles (18.8 km) from LaSalle Street Station, the northern terminus of the line. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 95th Street is in zone 2. As of 2018, 95th Street–Beverly Hills is the 108th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 443 weekday boardings.

As of 2022, 95th Street–Beverly Hills is served by 40 trains (20 in each direction) on weekdays, by 21 trains (10 inbound, 11 outbound) on Saturdays, and by 16 trains (eight in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.

Parking is available on the south side of 95th Street between the railroad tracks and Longwood Drive, and further west on the corner of 95th Street and Pleasant Avenue.

Rock Island District
The Rock Island District (RID or RI) is a Metra commuter rail line from Chicago, Illinois, southwest to Joliet. Metra does not refer to its lines by color, but the timetable accents for the Rock Island District line are "Rocket Red" in honor of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad's Rocket passenger trains.

Its Beverly Branch (also called the Suburban Branch or Suburban Line) branches to the west of the main line at 89th Street to make local stops in the communities of Washington Heights, Beverly, Morgan Park and Blue Island, before merging back onto the main line at Blue Island/Vermont Street station.
1879 Open Championship
The 1879 Open Championship was the 19th Open Championship, held 27 September at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Jamie Anderson won the Championship for the third successive time, by three strokes from Jamie Allan and Andrew Kirkaldy.

Play started at 10:00 am in fine conditions. In the first round Anderson reach the turn in 41 and his round of 84 gave him a two shot lead over Andrew Kirkaldy. In the afternoon he again reached the turn in 41. Andrew Kirkaldy and Jamie Allen were amongst the early starters and with four holes left to play it was known that Anderson needed four fives to win the Championship. He holed a long putt at the 15th and with steady play at the 16th and 17th and a four at the last he won comfortably. Allan and Kirkaldy had an 18-hole play-off two days later to decide who took the second and third place prize money.

Old Course at St Andrews
The Old Course at St Andrews, also known as the Old Lady or the Grand Old Lady, is considered the oldest golf course in the world. It is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews clubhouse sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs (St Andrews Golf Club, the New Golf Club, St Regulus Ladies Golf Club and the St Rule Club are the others with clubhouses) that have playing privileges on the course, along with some other non-clubhouse owning golf clubs and the general public. Originally known as the "golfing grounds" of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was opened in 1895 that it became known as the Old Course.
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt I
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 28. It covers the western part of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt.

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt I was created for the 1994 state election. Originally named Schwarzakreis I, it was renamed after the 1994 election. Since 2024, it has been represented by Thomas Benninghaus of Alternative for Germany (AfD).

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt is a Kreis (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Weimarer Land, Saale-Holzland, Saale-Orla, the district Kronach in Bavaria, and the districts Sonneberg, Hildburghausen and Ilm-Kreis.