hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermal transport in nanostructures
The transport of heat in solids involves both electrons and vibrations of the atoms (phonons). When the solid is perfectly ordered over hundreds of thousands of atoms, this transport obeys established physics. However, when the size of the ordered regions decreases new physics can arise, thermal transport in nanostructures. In some cases heat transport is more effective, in others it is not.

Phonon scattering
Phonons can scatter through several mechanisms as they travel through the material. These scattering mechanisms are: Umklapp phonon-phonon scattering, phonon-impurity scattering, phonon-electron scattering, and phonon-boundary scattering. Each scattering mechanism can be characterised by a relaxation rate 1/ which is the inverse of the corresponding relaxation time.

All scattering processes can be taken into account using Matthiessen's rule. Then the combined relaxation time  can be written as:

The parameters , , ,  are due to Umklapp scattering, mass-difference impurity scattering, boundary scattering and phonon-electron scattering, respectively.
Nishiizumi Station
Nishiizumi Station (西泉駅, Nishiizumi-eki) is a railway station on the Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line in the city of Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Hokuriku Railroad (Hokutetsu).

Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line
The Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line (北陸鉄道石川線, Hokuriku Tetsudō Ishikawa-sen) is a railway line owned and operated by Hokuriku Railroad in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The line extends 13.8 km from the city of Kanazawa to Hakusan with a total of 16 stations.
Lightweight Imaging Device Interface Language
Lightweight Imaging Device Interface Language (abbr. LIDIL) is a printer interface definition language used in more recent Hewlett-Packard printers.

This language is commonly used on HP Deskjets that do not support the PCL printer language. As the name suggests, the language only supports the definition of raster documents, and is very limited overall. It is a "host-based" protocol which is advertised with LDL in the CMD: (command set) field of the device ID string. Such models do not support printing ASCII text.

Printer Command Language
Printer Command Language, more commonly referred to as PCL, is a page description language (PDL) developed by Hewlett-Packard as a printer protocol and has become a de facto industry standard. Originally developed for early inkjet printers in 1984, PCL has been released in varying levels for thermal, matrix, and page printers. HP-GL/2 and PJL are supported by later versions of PCL.

PCL is occasionally and incorrectly said to be an abbreviation for Printer Control Language which actually is another term for page description language.
1994 AFL draft
The 1994 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft, a national draft, a trade period and a rookie elevation. The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League.

In 1994 there were 97 picks to be drafted between 15 teams in the national draft. The Fremantle Dockers were given the first pick as they were to compete for the first time in the 1995 AFL season.

1995 AFL season
The 1995 AFL season was the 99th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989.

The league expanded to sixteen clubs, with the newly established Fremantle Football Club, based in Fremantle, Western Australia, joining the league. The season ran from 31 March until 30 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club for the 16th time, after it defeated Geelong by 61 points in the 1995 AFL Grand Final.
William Daniels (automotive engineer)
William John Daniels, "Jack" Daniels,  (8 February 1912 – 27 November 2004) was a British car engineer who worked directly with Sir Alec Issigonis for 35 years and was associated with such projects as the 1948 Morris Minor and the 1959 Mini.

He was an invited guest at the 1999 awards ceremony in Las Vegas when the Mini was voted the second most influential car of the 20th century.

His working life from 1926-1977 was spent as a draughtsman, designer and development engineer for William Morris's 'ever evolving' Morris Motors; Morris Garages (MG Cars); British Motor Corporation; British Motor Holdings; British Leyland. His project involvement included the 1935 MG R-type racing car; the 1962 Morris 1100; the 1969 Austin Maxi; the 1973 Austin Allegro and the 1971 Morris Marina.

Alec Issigonis
Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine Issigonis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Άρνολντ Κωνσταντίνος Ισηγόνης) CBE FRS RDI (18 November 1906 – 2 October 1988) was a British-Greek automotive designer.  He designed the Mini, launched by the British Motor Corporation in 1959, and voted the second most influential car of the 20th century in 1999.
Texan schooner Independence
The Texan schooner Independence was one of the four schooners of the First Texas Navy (1836–1838).  At the direction of Texas Governor Henry Smith, in 1836 Charles Hawkins took command of United States revenue cutter Ingham acquired by the Texas Navy and renamed Independence.

After the Texas victory at the Battle of San Jacinto in April, 1836, Independence carried the Texas President and his captive, General Santa Anna, to Velasco, where the Treaty of Velasco was negotiated and signed.

While being refitted in New Orleans in early 1837, her skipper died and a new captain was appointed.  When next she sailed in April 1837, Independence was attacked and surrendered to a superior Mexican force and her officers and passengers were imprisoned.  The ship was later commissioned in the Mexican Navy where she served against her former masters.

Texan schooner Liberty
The Texas schooner Liberty was one of the four schooners of the First Texas Navy (1836–1838).  She served in the Texas Navy for only about 6 months, capturing the Mexican brig Pelicano loaded with weapons for their army in Texas. Later that year, she sailed to New Orleans accompanying the wounded Sam Houston, where she was repaired. Texas was unable to pay for the repairs and the ship was sold in June, 1836, to pay for the cost of the repairs.  This left the Texas Navy with only three ships.
Acrocerinae
Acrocerinae is a subfamily of small-headed flies in the family Acroceridae. Their larvae are endoparasites of araneomorph spiders, with the exception of Carvalhoa appendiculata which can develop as ectoparasitoids on their host spiders. Traditionally, the subfamily included the genera now placed in Cyrtinae and Ogcodinae, but the subfamily in this sense was found to be polyphyletic and was split up in 2019.

Acroceridae
The Acroceridae are a small family of odd-looking flies. They have a hump-backed appearance with a strikingly small head, generally with a long proboscis for accessing nectar. They are rare and not widely known. The most frequently applied common names are small-headed flies or hunch-back flies. Many are bee or wasp mimics. Because they are parasitoids of spiders, they also are sometimes known as spider flies.
Raffaelea quercivora
Raffaelea quercivora is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It causes Japanese oak wilt disease, and is spread by the ambrosia beetle (Platypus quercivorus). It has small obovoid to pyriform sympodioconidia and slender, long conidiophores. The fungus has been isolated from the body surfaces and mycangia of the beetle.

Ophiostomataceae
The Ophiostomataceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. The family was circumscribed by J.A. Nannfeldt in 1932. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are typically found in temperate regions, as pathogens of both coniferous and deciduous trees.
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present is a 2019 nonfiction book by Ojibwe author David Treuer that reexamines the narrative of Native American history in the United States. Positioned as a counterpoint to Dee Brown’s 1970 book Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Treuer challenges the commonly held belief that Native American culture and political agency largely ended with the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890.

Riverhead Books published the book in 2019 in the United States. Hachette published the book in the United Kingdom.

Leech Lake Indian Reservation
The Leech Lake Reservation (Ojibwe: Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaagcode: oji promoted to code: oj ) is an Indian reservation located in the north-central Minnesota counties of Cass, Itasca, Beltrami, and Hubbard. The reservation forms the land base for the federally recognized Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, one of six bands comprising the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, organized in 1934. The Leech Lake Reservation has the second highest population of any reservation in Minnesota with White Earth Nation being the largest Minnesota Ojibwe tribe, Leech Lake Nation has a resident population of 11,388 indicated by the 2020 census.
1904 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1904 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 17th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1904 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held on Maurice Davin's land in Carrick-on-Suir on 24 June 1906 between Cork and Kilkenny. Kilkenny won by a single point.

Kilkenny led by 1–5 to 0–5 at half time.

Carrick-on-Suir
Carrick-on-Suir (Irish: Carraig na Siúire, meaning 'rock of the Suir') is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It lies on both banks of the River Suir. The part on the north bank of the Suir lies in the civil parish of "Carrick", in the historical barony of Iffa and Offa East. The part on the south bank lies in the civil parish of Kilmolerin in the barony of Upperthird, County Waterford.
57 Geminorum
57 Geminorum (57 Gem) is a yellow giant star in the constellation Gemini, with an apparent magnitude of 5.0.  At a distance of about 179 light years, it has a luminosity about 29 times the Sun's.  With an age of about 1.2 billion years, it has evolved away from the main sequence and expanded to seven times the width of the Sun.

57 Geminorum is the star's Flamsteed designation.  It also has the rarely-used Bayer designation A Geminorum.

The radial velocity of 57 Geminorum has been closely examined for indications that it may have orbiting exoplanets, but it shows a particularly stable radial velocity.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 10 at the Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center. The defending champion was Daiya Seto of Japan.

2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 21 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Michael Phelps of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.
Ahmad Shah Gujjar
Ahmad Shah Gujjar (c. 16th century – 17th century), commonly known as Ahmad Gujjar, was a 16th and 17th-centuries Punjabi Muslim poet, during the regime of the Mughal emperor Jahandar Shah. He was the first Punjabi-Muslim writer to create a poetic version of the famous Hir-Ranjha story. His book, "Hir Ahonad", offered a unique twist on the tale, differing from earlier writer Damodar's version. Later Muslim poets mostly preferred Shah's interpretation. It is also plausible that Ahmad Shah Durrani was named after or at least took inspiration from this famous Gujjar poet.

The story of Heer Ranjha was first written by Damodar Das Gulati. Later, Ahmad Shah Gujjar wrote his version, "Hir Ranjha", around 1682. Later other Punjabi poets, including Waris Shah and Shah Jahan Muqbal, were inspired by Ahmad's version. Waris Shah's famous version of "Heer Ranjha" came about thirty years after Ahmad's version.

Heer Ranjha
Heer Ranjha (Punjabi: [ɦiɾ ɾaːnd͡ʒ(ʱ)aː]) is a classical Punjabi folk tragedy with many historic poetic narrations; the first one was penned by Damodar Gulati in 1600s, based on a preexisting oral legend; and the most famous one, Heer, written by Waris Shah in 1766, in the form of an epic. Set in Takht Hazara and Tilla Jogian, it follows the story of love, forced separation, and eventual simultaneous demise of two youths in the Punjabi countryside.

It is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal and Sassi Punnun.
Index of health articles
Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. This article lists major topics related to personal health.

Outline of health sciences
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to health sciences:

Health sciences – those sciences that focus on health, or health care, as core parts of their subject matter. Health sciences relate to multiple academic disciplines, including STEM disciplines and emerging patient safety disciplines (such as social care research).
Anthoceros neesii
Anthoceros neesii is a species of hornwort in the Anthocerotaceae family. It is found in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland. Its natural habitat is unknown; today it is only found growing in crop fields.

Anthocerotaceae
The Anthocerotaceae is the only family of hornworts in the order Anthocerotales. Anthocerotaceae is characterized by irregular or dichotomous lobing or branching, and a gametophyte lacking distinct pores.
Gmina Kłecko
Gmina Kłecko is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Kłecko, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-west of Gniezno and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 131.7 square kilometres (50.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,569 (out of which the population of Kłecko amounts to 2,677, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,892).

Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (powiat).

One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and afterwards remained one of the main cities of the historic region of Greater Poland. Gniezno is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, the country's oldest archdiocese, founded in 1000, and its archbishop is the primate of Poland, making the city the country's ecclesiastical capital. The Gniezno Cathedral is one of the most historically important churches in Poland, and as such is a designated Historic Monument of Poland. Other sights include the Old Town and the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State.
Belye Medveditsy
Belye Medveditsy Chelyabinsk (Russian: Бе́лые Медве́дицы Челябинск, lit. 'Polar Bears Chelyabinsk') are an ice hockey team in the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL). They play in Chelyabinsk, Russia at the Yunost Sport Palace. The team has previously been known as Metelitsa Chelyabinsk, Nika Chelyabinsk, Kazak-Uralsky Chelyabinsk, and Fakel Chelyabinsk.

The team is a part of the Traktor Chelyabinsk hockey organization, which also operates Traktor Chelyabinsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), Chelmet Chelyabinsk of the VHL, Belye Medvedi Chelyabinsk of the MHL, and a number of youth and junior teams.

Traktor Chelyabinsk
Traktor Chelyabinsk, also known as Traktor, or HC Traktor Chelyabinsk, (Russian: ХК Трактор Челябинск; Трактор) is a professional ice hockey club based in Chelyabinsk, Russia. It is a member of the Kharlamov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). From 1967 to 2009, the team played its home games at the Yunost Sport Palace. Since 2009, the club has played in Traktor Ice Arena named after Valery Belousov.
C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS) is a comet and inner Oort cloud object. When classified as a minor planet, it had the fourth-largest aphelion of any known minor planet in the Solar System, after 2005 VX3, 2012 DR30, and 2013 BL76. It additionally had the most eccentric orbit of any known minor planet, with its distance from the Sun varying by about 99.9% during the course of its orbit, followed by 2005 VX3 with an eccentricity of 0.9973. On 30 January 2016, it was classified as a comet when it was 5.7 AU from the Sun. It comes close to Jupiter, and a close approach in the past threw it on the distant orbit it is on now.

Though the comet nucleus was probably mildly active, early asteroidal estimates gave an absolute magnitude (H) of 12.3, which would suggest a nucleus as large as 8–20 km in diameter. But it could easily be half that size due to activity brightening the nucleus.

(709487) 2013 BL76
(709487) 2013 BL76 is a trans-Neptunian object and centaur from the scattered disk and Inner Oort cloud approximately 30 kilometers in diameter.

Using an epoch of February 2017, it is the minor planet with the 5th largest heliocentric semi-major axis in the Solar System (larger ones include 2014 FE72, 2012 DR30, and 2005 VX3). 2013 BL76 has a barycentric semi-major axis of ~964 AU, which is the third largest barycentric semi-major axis of any minor planet.
King Street Transit Priority Corridor
The King Street Transit Priority Corridor is a transit mall located along King Street between Jarvis and Bathurst Streets in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It passes by two subway stations (King and St. Andrew) on Line 1 Yonge–University. The corridor was created by the King Street Pilot Project to improve streetcar reliability on downtown King Street. The corridor went into operation on November 12, 2017, and was made permanent by City Council on April 16, 2019. The corridor is 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long and spans 18 street intersections.

Line 1 Yonge–University
Line 1 Yonge–University is a rapid transit line of the Toronto subway. It serves Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. Operated by the Toronto Transit Commission, it has 38 stations and is 38.4 kilometres (23.9 miles) in length, making it the longest line on the subway system. It opened as the "Yonge subway" in 1954 as Canada's first underground passenger rail line and was extended multiple times between 1963 and 2017. As of 2010, Line 1 was the busiest rapid transit line in Canada, and one of the busiest lines in North America. In the 12 months ending August 2024, it averaged over 625,000 riders per weekday.
Thug Stories
Thug Stories is the sixth studio album by American hip-hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, released September 19, 2006 on Koch Records. It marked the first time Bone recorded as a trio for a full album, as Bizzy Bone  was still ejected from the group. Upon release, the album sold 40,000 units in its first week, eventually peaking at number 25 on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Independent Album Charts. Thug Stories was the group's first major label LP length release since 2002's Thug World Order Ruthless Records. As of April 11, 2007, it has sold 92,465 copies.

Thug World Order
Thug World Order is the fifth studio album by American hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, released on October 29, 2002, and the group's final album for Ruthless Records. Singles released were "Money, Money", "Get Up & Get It" (featuring 3LW), and "Home" featuring Phil Collins, which charted in the UK.

Flesh-n-Bone did not appear on the album due to his incarceration on weapons charges though he does appear on the closing skit with DJ U-Neek, while Bizzy Bone was ejected from the group after the album's release.
2003 BNP Paribas Masters
The 2003 BNP Paribas Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 31st edition of the Paris Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris in France from 27 October through 2 November 2003. Unseeded Tim Henman  won the singles  title.

2003 ATP Tour
The 2003 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2003 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)
Abdul Mannan is an Indian politician who was the  Leader of the Opposition belonging to the Indian National Congress in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.

On 7 February 2017, Mannan was seriously injured in a fight over a property damage bill in the Assembly. Mannan protested the law, which would jail criminals for vandalism for 7 years, using placards. He was asked to stop but refused, after which he was suspended. He then sat in the Well of the House in protest, which led to a confrontation between police trying to remove him and fellow Congress MLAs, leading to Mannan being seriously injured.

Two days later, Mannan complained of suffocation and chest pains during an Assembly meeting, leading him to get a temporary pacemaker implanted another two days later.

Mannan was defeated by TMC candidate Arindam Guin in the 2021 Legislative Assembly election.

Arindam Guin
Arindam Guin, also known as Bubai is an Indian politician and member of Trinamool Congress. He was elected as MLA of West Bengal Legislative Assembly in 2021 assembly election from Champdani  Constituency. He was also a Councillor since 2010 and well known Chairperson of Baidyabati Municipality since 2015 to 2021. Now he is holding the post of Trinamool Congress Hooghly dist. President. He is well known as AG Boss in Hooghly dist.
Liberalism in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the word liberalism can have any of several meanings. Scholars primarily use the term to refer to classical liberalism. The term can also mean economic liberalism, social liberalism or political liberalism. It can simply refer to the ideology and practises of the historic Liberal Party (1859–1988), or in the contemporary context, of the Liberal Democrats: the successor to the old Liberal Party after it merged with the centrist Social Democratic Party (SDP), with which the Liberals had been in a Britain-wide electoral alliance since shortly after the latter was formed.

Liberalism can occasionally have the imported American meaning, especially since 2016; however, the pejorative connotation is much weaker in the UK than in the US, and social liberals from both the left and right wing continue to use liberal and illiberal to describe themselves and their opponents, respectively.

Peelite
The Peelites were a breakaway political faction of the British Conservative Party from 1846 to 1859. Initially led by Robert Peel, the former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader in 1846, the Peelites supported free trade whilst the bulk of the Conservative Party remained protectionist. The Peelites later merged with the Whigs and Radicals to form the Liberal Party in 1859.