hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
625 lines
625-line (or CCIR 625/50) is a late 1940s European analog standard-definition television resolution standard. It consists of a 625-line raster, with 576 lines carrying the visible image at 25 interlaced frames per second. It was eventually adopted by countries using 50 Hz utility frequency as regular TV broadcasts resumed after World War II. With the introduction of color television in the 1960s, it became associated with the PAL and SECAM analog color systems.

A similar 525-line system was adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency (like the US). Other systems, like 375-line, 405-line, 441-line, 455-line, and 819-line existed, but became outdated or had limited adoption.

The modern standard-definition digital video resolution 576i is equivalent and can be used to digitize an analogue 625-line TV signal, or to generate a 625-line compatible analog signal.

375-line television system
375-line corresponds to two different electronic television systems, both using 375 scan lines. One system (monochrome, 50 fields per second, interlaced) was used in Germany after 1936 along with the 180-line system, being replaced in a few years by the superior 441-line system. It was also tested in Italy around the same time.

In the United States a completely different system (field sequential color, 120 fields per second, interlaced)  was used for early color television broadcasts
Decimus Govett
Decimus Storry Govett (1827 – 30 August 1912) was an Anglican priest in the last decades of the 19th century and the first two of the 20th.

Govett was born in 1827 in Staines, Middlesex, the sixth son of 11 children born to Rev. Robert Govett, the Vicar of Staines, and Sarah Romaine.  Civil servant William Govett Romaine was his eldest brother, while four of his brothers were ordained into the Church of England, including theologian Robert Govett.

He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford. After ordination he held curacies at Ashford, Staines and Frampton Cotterell and was then a chaplain at Antibes, Nice and Marseille; after which he became archdeacon, then Dean of Gibraltar. He died on 30 August 1912.

Dean of Gibraltar
The Dean of Gibraltar is the head (primus inter pares – first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese in Europe and the seat of the Bishop in Europe (though the bishop is now based in Brussels). As of 2020, the current dean is Ian Tarrant.
Mobile broadband modem
A mobile broadband modem, also known as wireless modem or cellular modem, is a type of modem that allows a personal computer or a router to receive wireless Internet access via a mobile broadband connection instead of using telephone or cable television lines. A mobile Internet user can connect using a wireless modem to a wireless Internet service provider (ISP) to get Internet access.

PCMCIA
The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) was an industry consortium of computer hardware manufacturers from 1989 to 2009. Starting with the PCMCIA card in 1990 (the name later simplified to PC Card), it created various standards for peripheral interfaces designed for laptop computers.
Azie Taylor Morton
Azie Taylor Morton (February 1, 1936 – December 7, 2003) was the Treasurer of the United States during the Carter administration from September 12, 1977, to January 20, 1981. She remains the only African American to hold that office. Her signature was printed on U.S. currency during her tenure.

Treasurer of the United States
The treasurer of the United States is an officer in the United States Department of the Treasury who serves as the custodian and trustee of the federal government's collateral assets and the supervisor of the department's currency and coinage production functions. On March 23, 2025, Donald Trump named Georgia state senator Brandon Beach—breaking a 76-year streak of women holding the position—to be the next treasurer. He was formally appointed on May 28, 2025.
Bank of America Open
The Bank of America Open was a golf tournament on the Nationwide Tour from 2002 to 2008. It was played at The Glen Club in Glenview, Illinois, United States. It was known as the LaSalle Bank Open from 2002 to 2007.

The 2008 purse was $750,000, with $135,000 going to the winner.

Glenview, Illinois
Glenview is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) northwest of the Downtown Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 48,705. The Village of Glenview is governed by New Trier and Northfield townships.
Francesco Maria Appendini
Francesco Maria Appendini (November 4, 1768 – 1837) was an Italian Latin and Italian scholar who studied Slavic languages in the Republic of Ragusa. The French invasion prevented him from returning to Italy, and he adopted Republic of Ragusa as his own country. He took it upon himself to investigate its history and antiquities.

Ivan Gundulić
Dživo Franov Gundulić (Italian: Gianfrancesco Gondola; 8 January 1589 – 8 December 1638), better known today as Ivan Gundulić, was the most prominent Ragusan Baroque. He is regarded as the Croatian national poet. His work embodies central characteristics of Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation: religious fervor, insistence on "vanity of this world" and zeal in opposition to "infidels". Gundulić's major works—the epic poem Osman, the pastoral play Dubravka, and the religious poem Tears of the Prodigal Son (based on the Parable of the Prodigal Son)—are examples of Baroque stylistic richness and, frequently, rhetorical excess.
Gerald Wellesley
Hon. and Very Rev. Gerald Valerian Wellesley (1809 – 17 September 1882) was a Church of England cleric who became the Dean of Windsor. A nephew of the Duke of Wellington, he was domestic chaplain to Queen Victoria and played a major advisory role regarding the royal family's personal affairs. He was one of the Queen's chief confidants and often served as an intermediary in her problems and conflicts.

In Church appointments he was sensitive to the Queen's preferences: he avoided recommending the appointment of either High Churchmen or teetotallers. He tried to identify and place clergymen who were also high status gentlemen in key parish churches. He was politically nonpartisan, but was a friend of William Gladstone. He played a prominent advisory role in the ministerial crisis of 1880.

Dean of Windsor
The Dean of Windsor is the spiritual head of the canons of St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, England. The dean chairs meetings of the Chapter of Canons as primus inter pares. The post of Dean of Wolverhampton was assimilated to the deanery of Windsor, around 1480, until 1846.
2017 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2017 lists the national/federal elections held in 2017 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.

2017 Slovenian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Slovenia on 22 October 2017. Nine candidates ran in the first round of the elections, in which the incumbent independent President Borut Pahor placed first and Marjan Šarec of the List of Marjan Šarec (LMŠ) placed second. No candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, resulting in a run-off between Pahor and that was held on 12 November 2017. Pahor won the run-off with 53% of the vote; voter turnout in the second round was 42.13%, the lowest in any presidential election since independence.
Organizational behavior
Organizational behavior or organisational behaviour (see spelling differences) is the "study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself". Organizational behavioral research can be categorized in at least three ways:

individuals in organizations (micro-level)

work groups (meso-level)

how organizations behave (macro-level)

Chester Barnard recognized that individuals behave differently when acting in their organizational role than when acting separately from the organization. Organizational behavior researchers study the behavior of individuals primarily in their organizational roles. One of the main goals of organizational behavior research is "to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of organizational life".

Frederick Herzberg
Frederick Irving Herzberg (April 18, 1923 – January 19, 2000) was an American psychologist who became one of the most influential names in business management. He is most famous for introducing job enrichment and the motivator–hygiene theory. His 1968 publication "One More Time, How Do You Motivate Employees?" had sold 1.2 million reprints by 1987 and was the most requested article from the Harvard Business Review.: 109–120
Nilsebuvatnet
Nilsebuvatnet is a lake in the municipalities of Sandnes and Hjelmeland in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 2.47-square-kilometre (0.95 sq mi) lake lies in the Lyseheiane mountains about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of the village of Lysebotn and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the village of Årdal.  The lake is regulated by a small dam on the southwest corner of the lake. The dam provides water for the Lysebotn power station.  The lake drains out into the river Storåna which flows westward towards Årdal.  The lake is accessible by a small service road from Lysebotn which leads up to the dam.

Lysebotn
Lysebotn is a village in Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located at the eastern end of the Lysefjorden in a very isolated valley that is only accessible by a seasonal road or by boat. The name itself means the "bottom [end] of the Lysefjorden".  It's a destination for over 100,000 tourists annually, and it is an access point for the Kjerag mountain, a popular Base Jumping spot. There are cruises and an express boat to Lysebotn from Skagenkaien in the city of Stavanger, Lauvvik in Sandnes, and the village of Forsand.  All of which pass beneath the famous Preikestolen cliff on the way to Lysebotn.  Lyse Chapel, built in 1961, is found at Lysebotn. Lysebotn at one time had its own school, but that is now closed.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1928L
OGLE-2016-BLG-1928L is an exoplanet located in the constellation Sagittarius, discovered via gravitational microlensing. It is likely to be a rogue (free-floating) planet, as no host star was detected within 8 astronomical units.

This likely free-floating planet has a mass of either 0.3 or 2 M🜨, if it is located within the galactic disk or the galactic bulge, respectively. The former scenario is the most likely. Low-mass rogue planets like OGLE-2016-BLG-1928L are thought to be very common in the Milky Way, but few have been spotted as they are very hard to detect. It is believed that these planets have been ejected from their origin planetary systems.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Pierre-François Forissier
Pierre-François Forissier (born 29 December 1951, in Lorient) is a notable French Admiral Submariner and former Chief of Staff of the French Navy, a post which he took up, on February 4, 2008 and left on September 12, 2011.

Brest Naval Training Centre
The Brest Naval Training Centre (the Centre d'instruction naval de Brest, or CIN) is one of the main training centres for the French Navy.  Housed in the Brest naval base, the CIN is made up of the lycée naval (a lycée that also prepares students to enter France's officer-training schools), the École de maistrance (training future naval non-commissioned officers) and the seamen's training school.
Croatian Interdisciplinary Society
Croatian Interdisciplinary Society (Croatian: Hrvatsko interdisciplinarno društvo, abbrev. HID) is a non-governmental organization operating in Croatia.  It acts to promote interdisciplinary education and research, primarily but not exclusively in the domain of complex systems. They are a member society of the International Federation for Systems Research.

International Federation for Systems Research
The International Federation for Systems Research (IFSR) is an international federation for global and local societies in the field of systems science and cybernetics. This federation is a non-profit, scientific and educational agency founded in 1980, and constituted of more than thirty member organizations around the globe.
Umicore
Umicore N.V., known as Union Minière before 2001, is a Belgian-French multinational materials technology company headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.

It was formed in 1989 by the merger of four companies in the mining and smelting industries, including the Union Minière known before 1968 as Union Minière du Haut Katanga. It has since reshaped itself into a more technology-focused business encompassing such areas as the refining and recycling of precious metals and the manufacture of specialised products from precious metals, cobalt, germanium, zinc, and other metals. The company has been a component of Belgium's benchmark BEL20 stock market index since its 1991 inception.

Element Six
Element Six is a company specialised in providing synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials for industrial use. Part of the De Beers Group, Element Six employs over 1,900 people and its primary manufacturing sites are located in the UK, Ireland, Germany, South Africa, and the US.

Element Six advanced engineering materials are used in abrasive applications such as cutting, grinding, drilling, shearing and polishing, while the extreme properties of synthetic diamond beyond hardness are applied in a wide array of industrial and technology applications such as optics, power transmission, water treatment, semi-conductors, sensors and quantum information processing.
Sweetia
Sweetia fruticosa is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a tree native to eastern, southern, and west-central Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. It is the only member of the genus Sweetia (though some sources also include Sweetia atrata Mohlenbr.). It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It was traditionally assigned to the tribe Sophoreae, mainly on the basis of flower morphology; recent molecular phylogenetic analyses assigned Sweetia fruticosa into an informal, monophyletic clade called the "vataireoids".

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Bright Box
Bright Box is a technology company with offices in Switzerland, Russia, Hungary, and the UAE. It develops a connected car platform that links drivers to their cars, and the vehicles to car manufacturers (original equipment manufacturer) and to dealerships. At the end of 2017 Zurich Insurance Group acquired the company.

Connected car
A connected car is a car that can communicate bidirectionally with other systems outside of the car. This connectivity can be used to provide services to passengers (such as music, identification of local businesses, and navigation through a journey planner) or to support or enhance self-driving functionality (such as coordination with other cars, receiving software updates, or integration into a ride hailing service). For safety-critical applications, it is anticipated that cars will also be connected using dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) or cellular radios, operating in the FCC-granted 5.9 GHz band with very low latency.
Ministry of Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development
The Ministry of Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development is a ministry in Zambia. It was called the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Development prior to the 2021 general election. It is responsible for overseeing infrastructure development, housing policies, and urban planning in the country. The ministry plays a key role in national development through the construction and maintenance of roads, public buildings, and housing projects. It is headed by the minister of infrastructure, housing and urban development.

It is the parent ministry of the Road Development Agency (RDA), the National Housing Authority (NHA) and the National Council for Construction (NCC). It is one of the five ministries that form the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Council, with the other four being the Ministry of Finance and National Planning, Ministry of Technology and Science, Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Transport and Logistics.

Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry
The Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry (MCTI) is a cabinet level government ministry of Zambia. It is responsible for the development of a globally competitive, sustainable, commercial, trade and industrial base in Zambia with the objective of contributing to social and economic development in the country. The ministry is headed by the Minister Commerce, Trade and Industry.
Tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)tungsten(II) trimethylphospinate hydride
Tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)tungsten(II) trimethylphospinate hydride is the organotungsten compound with the formula W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H.  In this complex, four trimethylphosphine ligands are bonded to tungsten.  The remaining ligands are hydride and an 2-CH2PMe2.  In this complex, the oxidation state of W is usually assigned as 2+, denoted W(II).  The complex reacts with many simple reagents.

Chemical stability
In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. Colloquially, it may instead refer to kinetic persistence, the shelf-life of a metastable substance or system; that is, the timescale over which it begins to degrade.

Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or in chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is conserved. This type of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium will persist indefinitely unless the system is changed. Chemical systems might undergo changes in the phase of matter or a set of chemical reactions.

State A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B if the Gibbs free energy of the change from A to B is positive.
Aftermath of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
Following the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, numerous issues were presented to people involved. Multiple agencies submitted figures on life and monetary losses, even while search and rescue operations were still underway. Organizations of different varieties campaigned for donations and the Turkish government pledged to supply renters and homeowners with financial aid and promises to rebuild. Other pressing issues while the region was in recovery mode were a rocket attack, crime, flooding, and a tornado.

Turkish Football Federation
The Turkish Football Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu; TFF) is the governing body of association football in Turkey. It was formed on 23 April 1923, and joined FIFA the same year and UEFA in 1962. It organizes the Turkey national football team, the Turkish Football League and the Turkish Cup.
Ranilug
Ranilug (Serbian Cyrillic: Ранилуг) or Ranillug (Albanian definite form: Ranillugu), is a village and municipality located in the Gjilan District of Kosovo. The municipality comprises 12 villages and as of 2015 has a population of 5,800 inhabitants.

Government of Kosovo
The Government of Kosovo  (Albanian: Qeveria e Kosovës, Serbian: Влада Косова / Vlada Kosova) exercises executive authority in the Republic of Kosovo. It is composed of government ministers, and is led by the prime minister. The prime minister is elected by the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo. Ministers are nominated by the prime minister and then confirmed by the assembly.

Albin Kurti is the current prime minister of Kosovo. His government, approved by the assembly and installed on March 22, 2021, consists of Albanians, as well as ministers from Kosovo's ethnic minorities, which include Bosniaks, Romani, Turks and Serbs. Although the government includes representatives of ethnic minorities, it is dominated by the Albanian majority, who have most influence on the decision-making.
Théodore Guérin
Anne Thérèse Guérin SP (French pronunciation: [an teʁɛz ɡeʁɛ̃]; 2 October 1798 – 14 May 1856), designated by the Vatican as Saint Theodora, was a French-American saint and the foundress of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, a congregation of Catholic sisters at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana. Pope John Paul II beatified Guérin on 25 October 1998, and Pope Benedict XVI canonized her a saint of the Catholic Church on 15 October 2006. Mother Guérin's feast day is 3 October, although some calendars list it in the Roman Martyrology as 14 May, her day of death.

Guérin immigrated to Indiana from France in 1840, and became known for her advancement of education, especially in Indiana and in eastern Illinois; founding numerous schools including Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana; and for her care of the orphaned, the sick, and the poor of the Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana.

Vigo County, Indiana
Vigo County (/ˈviːɡoʊ/ VEE-goh) is a county on the western border of the U.S. state of Indiana. The county is included in the Terre Haute metropolitan area. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 106,153. Its county seat is Terre Haute.

The county contains four incorporated settlements with a total population of nearly 63,000, as well as several unincorporated communities. It is divided into twelve townships which provide local services to the residents.

The county was once regarded as one of the best bellwether regions for voting in U.S. presidential elections; it voted for the winning candidate in every election from 1956 to 2016 and in all but three elections since 1888. Until the streak ended in 2020, only one county in the United States, Valencia County, New Mexico, had voted for the winning candidate longer.
Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen
Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen (Welsh: Gwauncaegurwen) is a village and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot. In South West Wales, it was historically a part of Glamorgan and is in the most Welsh-speaking part of Neath Port Talbot. The community is made up of the electoral wards of Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen and Lower Brynamman. The name stems from the Original Gwaun (meaning meadow), Cegir (flower) and Gwen (welsh for white), as before settlement, the land was rich with white meadow flowers.

Neath Port Talbot
Neath Port Talbot (Welsh: Castell-nedd Port Talbot) is a county borough in the south-west of Wales. Its principal towns are Neath, Port Talbot, Briton Ferry and Pontardawe. The county borough borders Bridgend County Borough and Rhondda Cynon Taf to the east, Powys and Carmarthenshire to the north; and Swansea to the west.

Neath Port Talbot is the eighth-most populous local authority area in Wales and the third most populous county borough. The population at the 2011 census was 139,812. The population in the coastal areas is mainly English-speaking, whereas in the valleys in the north of the borough there are many who are Welsh-speaking.