hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holman's Bridge
Holman's Bridge is a brick-built bridge on the A413 to the north of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England.  It is where the A413 road crosses the River Thame.  Aylesbury's first Charter of Incorporation in 1554 marked Holman's Bridge as the northernmost boundary of the town.

Aylesbury
Aylesbury (/ˈeɪlzbəri/ AYLZ-bər-ee or /ˈɛlzbri/ ELLZ-bree) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, England. It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre.  There is also one of the largest independent Arts Centre in the UK, the Queens Park Arts Centre which recently received the King's Award for Voluntary Service. It is located in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

In 2011 its urban area had a population of 94,238 The housing target for the town is set to grow with 16,000 homes set to be built by 2033.
Harima Historical Museum
Harima Historical Museum (播磨町郷土資料館, Harima-machi kyōdo shiryōkan) opened in Harima, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan in 1985. The collection includes excavated artefacts from the nearby Ōnaka Site as well as materials relating to the Befu Railway, discontinued in 1984, and to Joseph Heco.

Ōnaka Site
The Ōnaka site (大中遺跡, Ōnaka iseki) is an archaeological site with traces of a late Yayoi to Kofun period settlement in the town of Harima, Hyōgo Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1967.
Battle of Crocus Field
The Battle of Crocus Field (Krokion pedion) (353 BC or 352 BC) was a battle in the Third Sacred War, fought between the armies of Phocis, under Onomarchos, and the combined Thessalian and Macedonian army under Philip II of Macedon. The Phocians were decisively defeated by Philip's forces. Philip's victory secured his appointment as ruler of Thessaly, marking an important step in the rise of Macedon to political ascendancy in Ancient Greece. Opinion amongst historians is divided as to the year of the battle; some favour 353 BC, and others 352 BC.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
John Scales
John Robert Scales (born 4 July 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender from 1984 to 2001.

He notably played in the Premier League for Wimbledon, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur and Ipswich Town as well as playing in the Football League for Bristol Rovers. He was capped three times by England.

1994–95 Football League Cup
The 1994–95 Football League Cup (known as the Coca-Cola Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 35th Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs.

Liverpool won the competition, beating Bolton Wanderers 2–1 in the final at Wembley.
Signed distance function
In mathematics and its applications, the signed distance function or signed distance field (SDF) is the orthogonal distance of a given point x to the boundary of a set Ω in a metric space (such as the surface of a geometric shape), with the sign determined by whether or not x is in the interior of Ω. The function has positive values at points x inside Ω, it decreases in value as x approaches the boundary of Ω where the signed distance function is zero, and it takes negative values outside of Ω. However, the alternative convention is also sometimes taken instead (i.e., negative inside Ω and positive outside). The concept also sometimes goes by the name oriented distance function/field.

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.
Sudanese cholera epidemic (2024–present)
The Sudanese cholera epidemic (2024–present) is an ongoing medical crisis in Sudan, Chad and South Sudan. It is reportedly the worst cholera outbreak in years. UNICEF has reported the epidemic is being exacerbated by the Sudanese civil war. Khartoum, North Kordofan, White Nile and Darfur were among the hardest-hit areas. The cholera epidemic in Sudan is part of a wider outbreak; as of 31 August 2025, 462,890 cases and 5,869 deaths had been reported from 32 countries across five WHO regions. By November 2025, Sudan had recorded 124,269 suspected cholera cases and 3,355 deaths across all 18 states.

Case fatality rate
In epidemiology, case fatality rate (CFR) – or sometimes more accurately case-fatality risk – is the proportion of people who have been diagnosed with a certain disease and end up dying of it. Unlike a disease's mortality rate, the CFR does not take into account the time period between disease onset and death. A CFR is generally expressed as a percentage. It is a measure of disease lethality, and thus may change with different treatments. CFRs are most often used for with discrete, limited-time courses, such as acute infections.
Roland GR-1
The Roland GR-1 is a guitar synthesizer that was manufactured by Roland Corporation. It was introduced in 1992.

The GR-1 can be played through a divided pickup/controller (GK-2 or newer, or a guitar with built in divided pickup, like the Godin Multiac) and has MIDI in and out.

The actual synthesizer module sits on the floor and has the appearance of a large effects unit. It is connected to the controller with a 13-pin cable and has six foot pedals for sound switching and bank switching.

The synthesizer features 24 polyphonic voices and has a library of 200 PCM sounds, which can be expanded with an optional expansion board to 400 sounds. The sounds can be tweaked with controls for attack, decay, release, cutoff, resonance and vibrato. Reverb, delay, chorus, or flanging can be added. It also has a built-in audio sequencer of 2000 notes.

Roland Corporation
Roland Corporation (ローランド株式会社, Rōrando Kabushiki Kaisha) is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of electronic musical instruments, electronic equipment, and software. It was founded by Ikutaro Kakehashi in Osaka in 1972. In 2005, its headquarters relocated to Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture. It has factories in Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States. As of December 2022, it employed 2,783 people. In 2014, it was subject to a management buyout by its CEO, Junichi Miki, supported by Taiyo Pacific Partners.

Roland has manufactured numerous instruments that have had lasting impacts on music, such as the Juno-106 synthesizer, TB-303 bass synthesizer, and TR-808 and TR-909 drum machines. It was also instrumental in the development of MIDI, a standardized means of synchronizing electronic instruments manufactured by different companies. In 2016, Fact wrote that Roland had arguably had more influence on electronic music than any other company.
Paulo Ferreira
Paulo Renato Rebocho Ferreira OIH (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpawlu fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]; born 18 January 1979) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a full-back.

After starting out at Estoril, he went on to spend the vast majority of his 16-year career with Porto and Chelsea, signing with the latter in 2004 for €20 million. He won several major titles with both clubs, including two Primeira Liga titles, three Premier League trophies and the 2004 and 2012 editions of the Champions League.

Ferreira earned 62 caps for the Portugal national team between 2002 and 2010, playing at two European Championships and two World Cups and finishing as runner-up at Euro 2004.

2006–07 FA Cup
The 2006–07 FA Cup (known as The FA Cup sponsored by E.ON for sponsorship reasons) was the 126th staging of the world's oldest football knockout competition; the FA Cup. This season's edition was the first to be sponsored by E.ON.

The competition started on 18 August 2006 with the first of the record number of 687 teams entering in the Extra preliminary round and concluded on 19 May 2007 with the final, the first to be held at the new Wembley Stadium.

Chelsea claimed this season's FA Cup with a hard-fought 1–0 victory over Manchester United, with Didier Drogba scoring the winning goal in the dying minutes of extra-time. Manchester United had played against top-flight opponents in each round, as they had when they won the Cup in 1948.

This was the last FA Cup (to date) at which the semi-finals were played at neutral club venues; since 2008 all FA Cup semi-finals have been played at Wembley Stadium.
Choi Byung-ryeol
Choi Byung-ryeol (Korean: 최병렬; Hanja: 崔秉烈; 16 September 1938 – 2 December 2022) was a South Korean politician and reporter who served as the last appointed mayor of Seoul from 1994 to 1995. After leaving office, Choi remained involved in politics as a member of the National Assembly, eventually becoming the leader of the Grand National Party.

Mayor of Seoul
The mayor of Seoul (Korean: 서울특별시장) is the chief executive of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul being the capital and largest city of South Korea.

The position is historically one of the most powerful in the country, charged with managing an annual budget of 23 trillion won.  Many Seoul mayors have gone on to hold higher office. Yun Bo-seon and Lee Myung-bak both went on to become President of the Republic of Korea.

The mayor of Seoul, although being the head of a local autonomous region in South Korea and not directly related to the central executive branch, has been allowed to attend State Council meetings considering the special status of Seoul as a Special City and its mayor as the only cabinet-level mayor in Korea.

The incumbent mayor is Oh Se-hoon, who assumed office for the third time on 8 April 2021 after a by-election. He won 57.5 percent of the vote. Oh previously served as mayor between 2006 and 2011, having been elected in 2006 and 2010.
Surviving the Law
Surviving the Law is the 25th studio album by Scottish hard rock band Nazareth. It was released on 15 April 2022 by Frontiers Records and produced by Yann Rouiller who also worked with Nazareth on their previous albums, Tattooed on My Brain (2018), The Newz (2008) and Rock 'n' Roll Telephone (2014). It is the second and last Nazareth album to feature vocalist Carl Sentance before his departure from the band in 2025. Original singer Dan McCafferty had given his blessings to Nazareth's new singer and left the band in 2014 citing health issues. McCafferty died on 08 November 2022.

Rock 'n' Roll Telephone
Rock 'n' Roll Telephone is the twenty-third album by Scottish rock band Nazareth, released in June 2014 by Union Square Music. It is their last album with original singer Dan McCafferty who left the group before its release, and later died in 2022.
2013 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2013 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held at the Kardinge ice stadium in Groningen, Netherlands. 
Stefan Groothuis and Margot Boer were the defending champions. Stefan Groothuis succeeded his title but Margot Boer  lost hers to Marrit Leenstra. Stefan Groothuis got his 6th Dutch Sprint Championship title.

KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The Dutch Sprint Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch Sprint champion. The Sprint distance championships date back to 1969 for men and 1983 for women.
Al-Mutahhar
Al-Mutahhar bin Yahya Sharaf ad-Din (January 3, 1503 – November 9, 1572) was an imam of the Zaidi state of Yemen who ruled from 1547 to 1572. His era marked the temporary end of an autonomous Yemeni polity in the highlands. After the period of resistance against the Ottomans by al-Mutahhar and his eventual death, the following period marked the beginning of a long period of Ottoman domination which was only broken by the Qasimid imams of the Yemeni Zaidi State in the early 17th century.

Qasimid State
The Qasimid State (Arabic: الدولة القاسمية), also known as the Imamate of Yemen, was a state in South Arabia which was ruled by the Imams of Yemen. It was founded by Imam al-Mansur al-Qasim in 1597, absorbed much of the Ottoman-ruled Yemen Eyalet by 1628, and then completely expelled the Ottomans from Yemen by 1638. The Qasimid State continued to exist into 18th and 19th century, but gradually fractured into separate small states. The most notable of those states was the Sultanate of Lahej; most of those states (except Lahej) were submitted by the Ottomans and incorporated into the restored Ottoman province of Yemen Eyalet in 1849.
America's Healthy Future Act
The America's Healthy Future Act (S. 1796) was a bill proposed by Democratic Senator Max Baucus of Montana, who chaired the Senate Finance Committee, on September 16, 2009. It is also colloquially known as the Baucus Health Bill, the Baucus Health Plan, or BaucusCare. Baucus initially publicly released a 223-page summary of the proposal. It started going through the Senate mark-up process on September 22. That amendment process finished Oct. 2, and was passed by the Finance Committee on October 13 by a 14 to 9 vote,. An October CBO report stated that enacting the proposal would, on net, end up reducing the federal deficit by $81 billion over the 2010–2019 period.

Norman Ornstein
Norman Jay Ornstein (/ˈɔːrnstiːn/; born October 14, 1948) is an American political scientist and an emeritus scholar at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a Washington, D.C., conservative think tank. He is the co-author, with Thomas E. Mann, of It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American Constitutional System Collided With the New Politics of Extremism.
Funchal Bay
Funchal Bay is a large bay opposite the main city of Funchal on the island of Madeira, located in the North Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Morocco in north Africa. Funchal has its harbour within the bay.

Belmond Reid's Palace is located on the headland at the western end of the bay.

Funchal
Funchal (Portuguese pronunciation: [fũˈʃal] ⓘ), officially City of Funchal (Portuguese: Cidade do Funchal), is the capital, largest city and a municipality in Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its high cultural and historical value, Funchal is one of Portugal's main tourist attractions; it is also popular as a destination for New Year's Eve, and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings.
Vratsa dialect
The Vratsa dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Vratsa in northwestern Bulgaria. The Vratsa dialect borders on the transitional Belogradchik dialect to the west, the Northwestern Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect to the north and east, the Botevgrad dialect to the southeast and the Sofia dialect to the south.

Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect
The Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect is a Bulgarian dialect spoken in the regions of Pleven, Byala Slatina and Kula in northwestern Bulgaria. The dialect is part of the Northwestern Bulgarian dialects. The most significant feature of the dialect, as in all Western Bulgarian dialects, is the pronunciation of Old Church Slavonic ѣ (yat) only as ɛ instead of formal and Eastern Bulgarian я/е (ʲa~ɛ) – бел/бели instead of бял/бели. Otherwise, the Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect bears strong resemblance to its neighbouring Eastern Bulgarian dialects and with some exceptions, mainly the pronunciation of yat, has the same phonological and morphological features as the neighbouring subdialects of the Eastern Bulgarian Central Balkan dialect.
Exercise Trishul
Exercise Trishul, also known as Tri-Service Exercise 2025 (TSE-2025), is a series of tri-service military sub-exercises that was conducted by the Indian Armed Forces in coordination with the Central Armed Police Forces between 3 and 13 November 2025. The exercise brought together principle formations and assets from the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force for coordinated land, air and sea operations. The exercise was led by the Western Naval Command and was spread across Western India, including the desert and creek regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat, respectively, as well as the northern part of Arabian Sea.

Kathiawar
Kathiawar (Gujarati: [kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]), also known as Saurashtra (Gujarati: [sɔɾɑʂʈrə]), is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi). It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of the state and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century. It was formerly a state of India.
Diego López (Spanish footballer, born 1981)
Diego López Rodríguez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdjeɣo ˈlopeθ]; born 3 November 1981) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

After spending seven years with Real Madrid, playing for its various teams, he made a name for himself in La Liga with Villarreal, appearing in 230 official games over the course of five seasons. In 2013, following a brief spell with Sevilla, he returned to Real Madrid.

López represented Spain at the 2009 Confederations Cup.

2012–13 Copa del Rey
The 2012–13 Copa del Rey was the 111th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The competition began on 29 August 2012 and ended on 17 May 2013 with the final, held at the Santiago Bernabéu in Madrid, in which Atlético Madrid lifted the trophy for the tenth time in their history with a 2–1 victory over hosts Real Madrid in extra time. Barcelona were the defending champions but were eliminated by Real Madrid in the semi-finals. Going into the competition, the winners were assured of a place in the group stage of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League, but both finalists had already qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League a few weeks before.
William Tite
Sir William Tite CB FRS (7 February 1798 – 20 April 1873) was an English architect who twice served as President of the Royal Institute of British Architects. He was particularly associated with various London buildings, with railway stations and cemetery projects. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bath from 1855 until his death.

Westminster Bank
Westminster Bank was a British retail bank which operated in England and Wales. It was created in 1834 as the London and Westminster Bank. It merged with the London and County Bank in 1909, after which it renamed itself the London County and Westminster Bank, then acquired the former business of Birkbeck Bank in 1911, Ulster Bank in 1917, and Parr's Bank in 1918, following which it changed its name again to London County Westminster and Parrs. It shortened its name to Westminster Bank in 1923.

Following that transformative sequence of acquisitions, Westminster Bank was the fifth-largest bank in England, thus one of the so-called Big Five together with Barclays, Lloyds Bank, Midland Bank, and National Provincial Bank. In 1968 it announced its merger with National Provincial to form the National Westminster Bank, which was completed on 1 January 1970.
Agua Caliente Women
Agua Caliente Women is a sculpture by American artist Doug Hyde, installed in Palm Springs, California.The statue was commissioned in 1994 as part of the city's "Art in Public Places" program and cost $141,000.

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of the Cahuilla, located in Riverside County, California, United States. The Cahuilla lived in the Coachella Valley desert and surrounding mountains between 5000 BCE and 500 CE. With the establishment of the reservations, the Cahuilla were officially divided into 10 sovereign nations, including the Agua Caliente Band.
Boca Raton Public Library
The Boca Raton Public Library consists of two library facilities serving the residents of the incorporated area of Boca Raton, Florida.  The City of Boca Raton, incorporated in 1925, is one of the largest and southernmost cities in Palm Beach County, Florida.

Donation
A donation is a gift for charity, humanitarian aid, or to benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including money, alms, services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or vehicles. A donation may satisfy medical needs such as blood or organs for transplant.

Charitable donations of goods or services are also called gifts in kind.
Jamie Bennett (artist)
Jamie Bennett (born 1948) is an American artist and educator known for his enamel jewelry. Over his forty-year career, Bennett has experimented with the centuries-old process of enameling, discovered new techniques of setting, and created new colors of enamel and a matte surfaces. This has led him to be referred to as “one of the most innovative and accomplished enamellers of our time”  by Ursula Ilse-Neuman, historian and former curator at the Museum of Art and Design in New York City.
Bennett is closely associated with the State University of New York at New Paltz, where he studied himself as a student, and taught in the Metal department for many years. Bennett retired from teaching in 2014, after thirty years at SUNY New Paltz.

Penland School of Craft
The Penland School of Craft ("Penland" and formerly "Penland School of Crafts") is an Arts and Crafts educational center located in the Blue Ridge Mountains in Penland, North Carolina, in the Snow Creek Township near Spruce Pine, about 50 miles from Asheville.
Monastery of Siloe
The monastery of the Incarnation of the Community of Siloe, simply known as monastery of Siloe, is an Italian religious building from the 21st century, home to the monastic community of Siloe. It is located near the village of Poggi del Sasso, in the municipality of Cinigiano, in the province of Grosseto, Tuscany.

The monastery complex, whose design is inspired by Cistercian architecture, is considered a valuable contemporary example of green religious architecture. It is the first and only monastery built in Italy in the 21st century.

Cinigiano
Cinigiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Grosseto.

Cinigiano borders the following municipalities: Arcidosso, Campagnatico, Castel del Piano, Civitella Paganico, Montalcino.