hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic causal modeling
Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a framework for specifying models, fitting them to data and comparing their evidence using Bayesian model comparison. It uses nonlinear state-space models in continuous time, specified using stochastic or ordinary differential equations. DCM was initially developed for testing hypotheses about neural dynamics. In this setting, differential equations describe the interaction of neural populations, which directly or indirectly give rise to functional neuroimaging data e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalography (EEG). Parameters in these models quantify the directed influences or effective connectivity among neuronal populations, which are estimated from the data using Bayesian statistical methods.

Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers. Arrays of SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices) are currently the most common magnetometer, while the SERF (spin exchange relaxation-free) magnetometer is being investigated for future machines. Applications of MEG include basic research into perceptual and cognitive brain processes, localizing regions affected by pathology before surgical removal, determining the function of various parts of the brain, and neurofeedback. This can be applied in a clinical setting to find locations of abnormalities as well as in an experimental setting to simply measure brain activity.
Changqing Road station
Changqing Road (simplified Chinese: 长清路; traditional Chinese: 長清路; pinyin: Chángqīng Lù) is an interchange station on Lines 7 and 13 of the Shanghai Metro. It opened on 5 December 2009 as a Line 7 station. With the opening of phases two and three of Line 13 on 30 December 2018, it became a virtual interchange station between Lines 7 and 13. Passengers who hold the Shanghai Public Transportation Card and transfer within 30 minutes of exiting the station are able to transfer here to continue their journey.

The station is located near the junction of Changqing Road and Yaohua Road, just outside the Shanghai Expo 2010 zone.

Line 7 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 7 is a northwest–southeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. It connects the Baoshan District of Shanghai with the downtown core as well as the Pudong New Area and the Expo 2010 site. It currently runs from Meilan Lake in Baoshan District to Huamu Road in Pudong, which is near Shanghai New International Expo Center. Qihua Road serves as a terminus for trains returning to Chentai Road Depot. The line is colored orange on system maps.
Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
The Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference was an event held by the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) from 4–5 March 2003 in Doha, Qatar. The conference was convened in response to escalating tensions in the Middle East, with the aim of presenting a unified voice from the Islamic world against war with Iraq. However, the conference was marked by controversy and heated exchanges, particularly between Iraq and Kuwait. Despite these tensions, the conference concluded with a communique condemning Israel and rejecting a military strike against Iraq.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Thomas Gunn
Thomas William Gunn (10 July 1843 – 4 May 1908) was an English cricketer. He played six first-class matches for Surrey County Cricket Club, three in each of the 1863 and 1869 seasons.

Born at Croydon in 1843, Gunn was a member of the Surrey ground staff at The Oval. Although Wisden considered that he was a "very useful" club cricketer, he played in only six matches for the county side, scoring 52 runs; the Almanack's judgement was that he "did practically nothing for the County".

Arthur Haygarth was more positive about Gunn's abilities, writing in Scores and Biographies that he "possesses an excellent style, hitting well to all parts, especially forward and to leg". Haygarth noted that he had been influenced by Tom Lockyer, a fellow Croydon man who played for Surrey between 1849 and 1866, and that Gunn bowled "rather slow round-armed".

Gunn died at Croydon in 1908. He was 64.

Arthur Haygarth
Arthur Haygarth (4 August 1825 – 1 May 1903) was a noted English amateur cricketer who became one of cricket's most significant historians. He played for the Marylebone Cricket Club and Sussex between 1844 and 1861, as well as numerous other invitational and representative teams including an England XI and a pre-county Middlesex. A right-handed bat, Haygarth played 136 matches, scoring 3,042 runs and taking 19 wickets with his part-time bowling. He was educated at Harrow, which had established a rich tradition as a proving ground for cricketers. He served on many MCC committees and was elected a life member in 1864.

Outside his playing career, Haygarth was a noted cricket writer and historian. He spent over sixty years compiling information and statistics. Of particular note was his compilation: Frederick Lillywhite's Cricket Scores and Biographies, published in 15 volumes between 1862 and 1879.
Aristide Croisy
Onésime-Aristide Croisy (31 March 1840 – 7 November 1899) was a French sculptor. He is known for his dramatic bronze military statues, but perhaps best known for his marble Le Nid (The Nest), showing two children asleep in an armchair.

Étienne Méhul
Étienne Nicolas Méhul (French: [etjɛn nikɔla meyl]; 22 June 1763 – 18 October 1817) was a French composer of the late classical and early romantic periods. He was known as  "the most important opera composer in France during the Revolution". He was also the first composer to be called a "Romantic". He is known particularly for his operas, written in keeping with the reforms introduced by Christoph Willibald Gluck and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Sawyerpuram
Sawyerpuram is a town panchayat in Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Microliths are found in large in numbers around Sawyerpuram (and additionally in Kulattur, Tirunelveli). They were found embedded in the fossil-bearing sand dunes. These available evidences in Sawyerpuram point the chronology of the microlithic culture in South India to circa 4000 B.C.

Since the missionary Dr. G. U. Pope ministered in this place, the population is predominantly Christian.

Thoothukudi district
Thoothukudi district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India. On 20 October 1986, an M. G. Ramachandran-led government bifurcated the Tirunelveli district to form the district. It is shared by its boundaries with the Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, and Virudhunagar districts and by the Gulf of Mannar in the Bay of Bengal. The district is like a mini India in shape. It is broad in the north and tapers towards the south. Thoothukudi is the headquarters and largest city of the district.
La Tumbona House
Casa La Tumbona is a house on the beach in Ostende, a coastal resort in Pinamar Partido in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was designed in 1986 by the architect Clorindo Testa, who is a prominent member of the Argentine rationalist movement and one of the pioneers of brutalist architecture there and the architects Juan Genoud and Elena Acquarone.  The house is elevated on pillars and located so close to the sea that the waves at times can wash underneath the house.  This can create an illusion of being aboard a ship, as only water can be seen from the windows facing the sea.

The verb tumbar in Spanish means to fold or overturn, and can be used for waves that roll in from the sea.  The noun tumbona can refer to a foldable beach chair.

The house is made of concrete, with distinct cubic forms, and striking angular geometries - all painted red.

Ostende, Buenos Aires
Ostende is a seaside resort on the Argentine Atlantic Coast belonging to the Pinamar Partido. The town limits to the north with the city of Pinamar, to the northeast with Mar de Ostende, to the south with Valeria del Mar, to the east with the Argentine Sea and to the west with General Madariaga Partido.

Its landscape is characterized by wide beaches and large dunes full of leafy tamarisk trees.
Edward J. Voke
Edward John Voke (February 24, 1889 – April 10, 1965) was an American politician who served as the 36th mayor of Chelsea, Massachusetts from 1936 to 1941. In 1946, he was nominated as Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Judicial Court served until his death in 1965. He was a member of the prominent Chelsea political family, having been the brother of Fire Chief Charles G. Voke and City Clerk Richard A. Voke. Voke also served as a delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois. He was also a Triple-A (baseball) pitcher in his youth and a close friend of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.

Government of Chelsea, Massachusetts
The city government of Chelsea, Massachusetts was incorporated in 1857. From 1739 to 1857, Chelsea was incorporated as a town. From 1857 to 1991 (with the exception of 1908 to 1911), the city's head of government was the mayor of Chelsea. The office of mayor ceased to exist after the city went into receivership. Since 1995, Chelsea has been led by a city manager.
Nikica Jelavić
Nikica Jelavić (Croatian pronunciation: [nîkitsa jělaʋitɕ]; born 27 August 1985) is a Croatian football manager and former professional player who played as a forward. He is the manager of Croatian Football League club Lokomotiva.

Jelavić began his career with Croatian side Hajduk Split of the Prva HNL in 2002, before moving to Belgian Pro League club Zulte Waregem in 2007. A year later, he moved to Austrian Bundesliga club Rapid Wien. In 2010, he was signed by Rangers, with whom he won the Scottish Premier League and the Scottish League Cup in his first season. He moved to England with Everton in January 2012, and Hull City two years later.

Jelavić is a former Croatian international, debuting in 2009 and retiring in 2014. He represented the country at UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

2010–11 Scottish League Cup
The 2010–11 Scottish League Cup is the 65th season of Scotland's second-most prestigious football knockout competition, the Scottish League Cup, also known as the Co-operative Insurance Cup for sponsorship reasons. The competition started in July 2010 with the First Round and ended in Spring 2011 with the Final. Rangers are the current title holder, having beaten Celtic in the 2011 final.
Wahab Adams
Wahab Adams (born 25 November 1993) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as defender for Ethiopian Premier League side Wolkite Ketema. He previously played for Ghanaian clubs Aduana Stars and Asante Kotoko.

2017 Ghana Premier League
The 2017 Ghanaian Premier League is the 61st season of top professional association football in Ghana. The season began on 12 February. Wa All Stars are the defending champions coming off their first league title. The eventual winners Aduana Stars were crowned champions during a special coronation match with Berekum Chelsea. They have automatically qualified for the CAF Champions League next year.
Akman Akyürek
Akman Akyürek (died 8 December 1997) was a Turkish judge. He was a leading investigator in the Susurluk scandal. The accident in which he died (a rear-end collision with a truck) was curiously similar to both the Susurluk car crash itself, and to the August car crash which killed another Susurluk investigator, Ertugrul Berkman. MPs in parliament said that the incident was suspicious and could be due to a conspiracy. Akyurek had "an archive concerning many illegal and secret cases involving the state". In 2008 Commission member Fikri Sağlar said that the deaths of Akyürek and Bedri İncetahtacı were both "very suspicious", and that he himself had been threatened at the time.

Susurluk car crash
The Susurluk car crash was a car crash that took place on 3 November 1996 in the small town of Susurluk, in Turkey's Balıkesir Province. It resulted in the deaths of three of the passengers: Abdullah Çatlı, a former ultra-rightist militant wanted by police for multiple murders and drug trafficking; Huseyin Kocadağ, a senior police official; and beauty queen and Çatlı's girlfriend Gonca Us. Sedat Bucak, an MP, suffered a broken leg and fractured skull but survived the accident. The Susurluk crash was a key event in the unravelling of the deep state in Turkey. The peculiar associations of the crash victims and their links with Interior Minister Mehmet Ağar led to a number of investigations, including a parliamentary investigation, of what became known as the Susurluk scandal.
Albert Sidney Johnston
General Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) was an American military officer who served as a general officer in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the Black Hawk War, the Texas-Indian Wars, the Mexican–American War, the Utah War, and the American Civil War, where he died on the battlefield.

Considered by Confederate States President Jefferson Davis to be the finest general officer in the Confederacy before the later emergence of Robert E. Lee, he was killed early in the Civil War at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6, 1862. Johnston was the highest-ranking officer on either side killed during the war. Davis believed the loss of General Johnston "was the turning point of our fate."

Johnston was unrelated to Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.

Alonzo Ridley
Alonzo Ridley, (June 3, 1826 – March 25, 1909) was a 49er, trader, Indian agent, engineer, Undersheriff of Los Angeles County, and Confederate Army officer from California, who led the Los Angeles Mounted Rifles on their march across the Southwestern deserts from California to Texas in 1861.
Jessica Corner
Professor Dame Jessica Lois Corner DBE FMedSci (born 22 March 1961) is a British nurse, academic, educator and author. She is currently the Executive Chair of Research England. She was previously Professor of Cancer and Supportive Care, and Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research and Knowledge Exchange at the University of Nottingham.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Franpipe
The Franpipe is a 840 kilometres (520 mi) long natural gas pipeline from the Draupner E riser in the North Sea to the receiving terminal at Port Ouest in Dunkirk, France.  The gas transported to France originates mainly from Sleipner East and Troll Vest gas fields.  The pipeline was officially inaugurated on 9 October 1998.

The diameter of pipeline is 42 inches (1,100 mm) and the capacity is 19.6 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year.  It cost 10.6 billion NOK.  The pipeline is owned by Gassled partners and operated by Gassco.  The technical service provider is Statoil.

The Dunkirk receiving terminal is owned by the Gassled partners (65%) and GDF Suez (35%).  The Dunkirk terminal is operated by Gassco from Gassco's Zeebrugge control center.

Sleipner gas field
The Sleipner gas field is a natural gas field in the block 15/9 of the North Sea, about 250 kilometres (160 mi) west of Stavanger, Norway.  Two parts of the field are in production, Sleipner West (proven in 1974), and Sleipner East (1981).  The field produces natural gas and light oil condensates from sandstone structures about 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) below sea level. It is operated by Equinor.  The field is named after the eight-legged steed Sleipnir of Odin, a widely revered god in Norse mythology.
Vladimir Uyba
Vladimir Viktorovich Uyba (Russian: Владимир Викторович Уйба), born in 1958, is a Russian statesman, scientist, and doctor, who has served as the 5th Head of the Komi Republic from 2020 to 2024. Before being appointed to that position, he was deputy health minister and head of the Federal Biomedical Agency.

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation. He is a doctor of medical sciences, a professor, and was awarded an honorary titles of the Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honored Doctor of the Chechen Republic, Honored Doctor of the Republic of Ingushetia, and Honored Doctor of the Republic of South Ossetia. He is of Estonian descent through his father.

Head of the Komi Republic
Heads of the Komi Republic (Russian: Глава Республики Коми; Komi: Коми республикаса Юралысь) is the highest official of the Komi Republic, an autonomous region of Russia. The position was introduced in 1994. In previous years, from the establishment of the multi-party system in 1990, the Supreme Council of the Komi Republic was the highest authority, and its chairman acted as head of state. In 2012, term of office was increased from four to five years.
UK International Salsa Congress
UK International Salsa Congress is a Salsa Congress, organized since 2002 by Salsa UK.  The first 5 events were held at Butlins holiday camp in Bognor Regis on the South Coast of England.

The event takes place over a weekend with a showcase of international salsa talent each evening, followed by a salsa party and after-party through the night. During the daytime on Saturdays and Sundays, international and domestic salsa instructors conduct workshops for salsa dancers of all skill levels.

Salsa congress
A Salsa congress is a multi-day dance festival featuring workshops, social dancing, performances and competitions focusing on Salsa dancing. The format was first pioneered at the Puerto Rico Salsa Congress in 1997.

Since then salsa congresses have become popular in almost every country, including different cities in the US, all over Europe, parts of Asia, and countries in Latin America and Africa. There are many events that follow a similar format to salsa congresses, but go by other names such as "Salsa Festival" or "Salsa Summit".
Maltese bread
Maltese bread (Maltese: Il-Ħobż tal-Malti, tal-malti) is a crusty sourdough bread from Malta, usually baked in wood ovens. It is typically eaten with spread olive oil (Ħobż biż-żejt), where the bread is rubbed with tomatoes (as with the Catalan pa amb tomàquet) or tomato paste, drizzled with olive oil and filled with a choice or mix of tuna, olives, capers, onion, bigilla and ġbejna. The practice of making the bread is considered a 'dying art'.

Sourdough
Sourdough is a type of bread that uses fermentation by naturally occurring yeast and lactobacillus bacteria to raise (leaven) the dough. In addition to leavening the bread, the fermentation process produces lactic acid, which gives the bread its distinctive sour taste and improves its keeping qualities.
Kevin Casey (fighter)
Kevin Berryman Casey Jr. (born June 15, 1981) is an American mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Middleweight division of Bellator MMA. A professional competitor since 2007, he was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen and also competed for Strikeforce, K-1, the RFA, and the UFC.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
Scientriffic
Scientriffic was a bi-monthly kids science magazine published by CSIRO Publishing. It was established in 1999 as a sister publication to The Helix, CSIRO Publishing's magazine for teens. Scientriffic targeted kids aged 7 and older.

The magazine was usually 40 pages long and trimmed to quarto paper size. It typically contained feature articles about science and mathematics of interest to kids.

The magazine was relaunched in July 2015 as Double Helix, combining both Scientriffic and The Helix into one magazine, starting from Issue 1, with 8 issues per year.

CSIRO Publishing
CSIRO Publishing is an Australian-based science and technology publisher. It publishes books, journals and magazines across a range of scientific disciplines, including agriculture, chemistry, plant and animal sciences, natural history and environmental management. It also produces interactive learning modules for primary school students and provides writing workshops for researchers.

CSIRO Publishing operates within the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). It was established as a stand-alone business unit in 1995.
VideoLAN
VideoLAN is a non-profit organization which develops software for playing video and other media formats. It originally developed two programs for media streaming, VideoLAN Client (VLC) and VideoLAN Server (VLS), but most of the features of VLS have been incorporated into VLC, with the result renamed VLC media player.

The VideoLAN project began as a student endeavor at École Centrale Paris in France, but after the software was released under the free and open source GNU General Public License, the project is now multinational with a development team spanning 40 nations. The project has been completely separated from École Centrale Paris since 2009 when it was constituted as a non-profit organization.

The current president of the VideoLAN non-profit organization is Jean-Baptiste Kempf, who is also one of the project's developers.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.