hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sampling in order
In statistics, some Monte Carlo methods require independent observations in a sample to be drawn from a one-dimensional distribution in sorted order. In other words, all n order statistics are needed from the n observations in a sample. The naive method performs a sort and takes O(n log n) time. There are also O(n) algorithms which are better suited for large n. The special case of drawing n sorted observations from the uniform distribution on [0,1] is equivalent to drawing from the uniform distribution on an n-dimensional simplex; this task is a part of sequential importance resampling.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
2021 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 500 m
The women's 500 meter at the 2021 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Saturday 31 October 2020. Although this edition was held in 2020, it was part of the 2020–2021 speed skating season.

There were 24 participants who raced twice over 500m so that all skaters had to start once in the inner lane and once in the outer lane. There was a qualification selection incentive for the next following 2020–21 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.

Title holder was Jutta Leerdam.

2021 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2021 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf skating rink in Heerenveen from Friday 30 October 2020 to Sunday 1 November 2020. Although the tournament was held in 2020 it was the 2021 edition as it was part of the 2020–2021 speed skating season.
2022–23 Saudi Women's Premier League
The 2022–23 Saudi Women's Premier League was the inaugural season of the Saudi Women's Premier League which replaced the Saudi Women's National League as the top-level women's football league in Saudi Arabia.

Al-Nassr was crowned the inaugural champions of the league after defeating Al-Yamamah on the final matchday.

Saudi Arabian Football Federation
The Saudi Arabian Football Federation (SAFF; Arabic: الإتحاد السعودي لكرة القدم) is the football governing body of Saudi Arabia. Founded in 1955, It's responsibilities include administration of club competitions and national teams. The founder of the federation is Prince Abdullah bin Faisal.
Mi (cuneiform)
The cuneiform mi, (also mé) sign is a distinctive sign in the wedge-stroke  group, and is used as a syllabic for mi, me, and an alphabetic for m, i, or e; it is also a Sumerogram (capital letter (majuscule)) for MI, used for Akkadian language, "mūšu", night. MI, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, is used in (Chapters) Tablets I, II, III, and XII as either MI, or MI.MEŠ, a total of six times; other spellings of mūšu in other sections are alphabetic/syllabic, four times.

The sign can be found in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the mid-14th century BC Amarna letters. The signs usage in the Epic is as follows: mé-(1 time), mi-(126), MI-(9).

Ši
The cuneiform sign ši, lim, and Sumerogram IGI is a common-use sign of the Amarna letters, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and other cuneiform texts. As the syllabic form it is commonly used for ši, lim/lem, and for Sumerograms (capital letter majuscules), it is most commonly used for IGI (Akkadian language pānu, for English language "face", "presence"), and (with prep.) "before". Also, for ši and lim/lem it can be used syllabically for š, i, l, i/e, and m, in the spelling of words.
Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
At the time of first contact between Europe and the Americas, the Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean included the Taíno of the northern Lesser Antilles, most of the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas; the Kalinago of the Lesser Antilles; the Ciguayo and Macorix of parts of Hispaniola; and the Guanahatabey of western Cuba. The Kalinago have maintained an identity as an Indigenous people, with a reserved territory in Dominica.

Ciboney
The Ciboney (/ˌsiːbəˈneɪ/ or /ˌsiːboʊˈneɪ/), or Siboney, were a Taíno people of  Cuba, Jamaica, and the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti. A Western Taíno group living in  Cuba during the 15th and 16th centuries, they had a dialect and culture distinct from the Classic Taíno in the eastern part of the island, though much of the Ciboney territory was under the control of the eastern chiefs. Confusion in the historical sources led 20th-century scholars to apply the name "Ciboney" to the non-Taíno Guanahatabey of western Cuba and various archaic cultures around the Caribbean, but this is deprecated.
Nancy Zhou
Nancy Zhou (born January 5, 1993) is a Chinese-American classical violinist.  She has performed as a soloist in recital and with orchestras throughout the world. Zhou has been a prizewinner in several major competitions, including first prizes in the 2018 Shanghai Isaac Stern International Violin Competition and the 2018 International Music Competition Harbin.

San Antonio Symphony
The San Antonio Symphony was a full-time professional symphony orchestra based in San Antonio, Texas. Its season ran from late September to early June. Sebastian Lang-Lessing, its music director from 2010 to 2020, was the last to serve in that capacity. The orchestra was a resident organization of the Tobin Center for the Performing Arts in San Antonio. In August 2022, the orchestra's musicians reformed as the San Antonio Philharmonic, a name first used in 1914, and announced a ten-concert classical-music series for the 2022–23 season to be given at First Baptist Church of San Antonio, 100 yards from Tobin Center.
Primary Alert System
The Primary Alerting System (PAS), was a network of land-line connections used by the Strategic Air Command (SAC) for command and control of its nuclear forces. PAS provided immediate and simultaneous voice communications to all (SAC) unit command posts and missile launch control facilities.

PAS reached each Command Post by two geographically diversified circuits; one circuit, commonly called the "front-door" circuit tied the unit directly to Headquarters (SAC); the other, or "back-door" circuit provided a link to the parent Numbered Air Force.

Survivable Low Frequency Communications System
The AN/FRC-117 Survivable Low Frequency Communications System (SLFCS) was a communications system designed to be able to operate, albeit at low data transfer rates, during and after a nuclear attack.
The system used both very low frequency (VLF), and low frequency (LF) radio bands.
Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put
The men's shot put was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third time the event was held. The competition was held on August 31, 1904. 8 athletes from 2 nations competed. The event was won by Ralph Rose of the United States, the nation's third consecutive victory in the men's shot put. Americans won silver (Wesley Coe) and bronze (Lawrence Feuerbach) as well, completing the second consecutive podium sweep in the event.

Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, twenty-five athletics events were contested. A total of 74 medals (25 gold, 25 silver and 24 bronze) were awarded.

Multi-event competitions, the all-around and triathlon, were introduced, along with a 56-pound weight throw, while the short steeplechase was lengthened slightly from 2500 to 2590 metres, the team race was lengthened from 5000 meters to 4 miles (6,437 m), and the long steeplechase was dropped.

In all, the 25 events featured in 1904 were two more than were held in 1900.

A track was built specifically for the Games on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. The track was a cinder track 1⁄3 mile (536.448m) in length, with one long straightaway.
1913 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1913 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Rapparees  entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 18 May 1913 at Jones's Road in Dublin, between Davis and Kickhams, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Davis won the match by 4–07 to 2–00 to claim their first ever championship title overall.

1912 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1912 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 25th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Faughs entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 2 June 1912 at Jones's Road in Dublin, between Rapparees and Davis, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Rapparees won the match by 4–00 to 2–01 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in 18 years.
Peebles Sevens
Peebles Sevens is an annual rugby sevens event held by Peebles RFC, in Peebles, Scotland. This was one of a group of Sevens tournaments instated after the First World War extending the original Borders Spring Circuit. The Peebles Sevens began in 1923.

Due to a calendar change in 2016; the tournament was moved from end-of-season to start-of-season. Hence 2016 shows two winners:- one for 2015–16 season and one for 2016–17 season. Subsequent tournaments were held as start of season Sevens. The 2018 winner (for season 2018–19) is Melrose.

The Peebles Sevens is part of the Kings of the Sevens championship run by the Border League.

This event was one of the first Sevens tournaments in the Borders to run with a 12-person squad in 2018–19 season, as opposed to a 10-person squad. It also featured rolling substitutions.

Border League
The Border League, currently known as the Booker Border League, after its sponsors, is the oldest competitive club rugby union league in the world. It is contested each year by seven teams from the Scottish Borders, the only area of Scotland where rugby is the most popular sport.

The Borders has always been a stronghold of rugby union, coupled with the competitive rivalry that exists between the local Border towns, derbies are something to behold, with the teams fighting for pride as well as league points.

Although originally the premier tournament for its clubs, the formation of a league system in the 1970s means that Border clubs now play in the Scottish League Championship as well as the Border League.

The current holders are Hawick RFC .
Margaretta Morris
Margaretta Hare Morris (December 3, 1797 – May 29, 1867) was an American entomologist. Morris is known for her work with agricultural pests, specifically the Hessian fly, cicadas, and the Colorado potato beetle. Her observations on water beetles were also included in Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, despite not being credited due to Darwin’s misogynistic beliefs. She and the astronomer Maria Mitchell were the first women elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1850. She was also the second woman elected to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1859, after Lucy Say.

Lucy Say
Lucy Way Sistare Say (November 28, 1800 – November 15, 1886) was an American naturalist and scientific artist. Say illustrated and colored 66 of 68 plates included in American Conchology, a depiction of the North American mollusks collected by her husband, Thomas Say, during his expeditions in North America. Lucy Say became the first female member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) on October 26, 1841.
Baalshillem I
Baalshillem I (also transliterated Baalchillem, meaning "recompense of Baal"; Phoenician: 𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤔𐤋𐤌) was a Phoenician King of Sidon (c. 450 – c. 426 BC), and a vassal of the Achaemenid Empire. He was succeeded by his son Abdamon to the throne of Sidon.

Maurice Chehab
Emir Maurice Hafez Chehab (27 December 1904 – 24 December 1994) was a Lebanese archaeologist and museum curator.  He was the head of the Antiquities Service in Lebanon and curator of the National Museum of Beirut from 1942 to 1982.  He was recognised as the "father of modern Lebanese archaeology"
Sophienburg Museum and Archives
The Sophienburg Museum and Archives is a public museum located in New Braunfels, Texas, United States. It was established in 1933 as a museum and library by residents of New Braunfels. The library section of the building would eventually be converted into the city's archive. It occupies the site of the former headquarters of the Adelsverein, the German colonization effort of Texas. The museum contains an extensive collection of artifacts which reflect the history and rich German-Texan heritage of the area. It is a Texas Historic Site.

Adelsverein
The Mainzer Adelsverein at Biebrich am Rhein (Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas; "Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas"), better known as the Mainzer Adelsverein (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪntsɐ ˈʔaːdl̩sfɐˌʔaɪn]; "Nobility Society of Mainz"), organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial attempt to establish a new German settlement within the borders of Texas.
2005 United States state legislative elections
The 2005 United States state legislative elections were held on November 8, 2005. Two legislative chambers in two states held regularly scheduled elections. These off-year elections coincided with other state and local elections, including gubernatorial elections in two states. Both chambers of the Northern Mariana Islands legislature was up.

Democrats maintained control of the New Jersey General Assembly and Republicans maintained control of the Virginia House of Delegates.

2005 United States elections
Elections were held in the United States on November 8, 2005. During this off-year election, the only seats up for election in the United States Congress were special elections held throughout the year. None of these congressional seats changed party hands. There were also two gubernatorial races, state legislative elections in two states, numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races in several major cities, and a variety of local offices on the ballot.

Usual for an offyear election under a Republican president, the Democratic Party are successful in the races for the governorships in Virginia and New Jersey, but the Democrats did worse in these two states than they did in 2001. Despite the underperformance, they are still favorable showings for the Democrats and they ultimately cruised to a blue wave in the 2006 mid-term elections.
Maikki Järnefelt
Maria 'Maikki' Järnefelt-Palmgren (née Pakarinen; 1871—1929) was an internationally-recognised Finnish operatic soprano and singing pedagogue, who toured extensively around Europe. She is especially known as a Wagnerian and Lied singer.

Maria Pakarinen's first marriage was to the composer and conductor, Prof. Armas Järnefelt (m. 1893 — div. 1908), with whom she had a child. She later married the composer, conductor and pianist, Prof. Selim Palmgren (m. 1910 — her death 1929). Both her husbands were also effectively her agents and managers.

Her sister-in-law from her first marriage was Aino Sibelius (née Järnefelt), the wife of Jean Sibelius.

She studied in Germany under Julius Hey, a renowned singing coach and personal friend of Richard Wagner.

Järnefelt-Palmgren died relatively young, at 57: she suffered a stroke during the dress rehearsal of her husband's cantata,  Turun Lilja, and died in hospital shortly afterwards.

Aino Sibelius
Aino Sibelius (née Järnefelt; 10 August 1871 – 8 June 1969) was the wife of Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. They lived most of their 65 years of marriage at their home Ainola near Lake Tuusula, Järvenpää, Finland. They had six daughters: Eva (1893–1978), Ruth (1894–1976), Kirsti (1898–1900), Katarina (1903–1984), Margareta (1908–1988) and Heidi (1911–1982).
Titanium(III) oxide
Titanium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ti2O3. A black semiconducting solid, it is prepared by reducing titanium dioxide with titanium metal at 1600 °C.

Ti2O3 adopts the Al2O3 (corundum) structure. It is reactive with oxidising agents. At around 200 °C, there is a transition from semiconducting to metallic conducting. Titanium(III) oxide occurs naturally as the extremely rare mineral in the form of tistarite. It is used as a catalyst for several reactions.

Other titanium(III) oxides include LiTi2O4 and LiTiO2.

Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.
Grintovec, Koper
Grintovec (pronounced [ˈɡɾiːntɔʋəts]; Italian: Montetoso) is a small settlement west of Šmarje in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Grintovec lies along Route 11 between Koper and Dragonja, near Srgaši.

Šmarje, Koper
Šmarje (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾjɛ]; Italian: Monte di Capodistria) is a village in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
Ruqun
Ruqun (Chinese: 襦裙) is a set of traditional Han Chinese clothing which consists of a short jacket typically called rú (襦) worn under a long Chinese skirt called qún (裙). It has also become a general term to describe hanfu which consists of a separated upper garment and a wrap-around lower skirt, replacing the generic term yīcháng (衣裳).: 27  In this sense, ruqun can include the shanqun (衫裙) and aoqun (袄裙; 襖裙) in its definition.: 48–50 : 47–50, 54

The ruqun was worn by both men and women;: 48–50 : 47–50, 54  it was however primarily worn by women. It is the traditional Hanfu for the Han Chinese women. The aoqun and/or ruqun is the most basic set of clothing of Han Chinese women in China and has been an established tradition for thousands of years.: 47–50, 54  Various forms and style of Chinese trousers, referred broadly under the generic term ku, can also be worn under the ruqun.

Jacket
A jacket is a garment for the upper body, usually extending below the hips. A jacket typically has sleeves and fastens in the front or slightly on the side. Jackets without sleeves are vests. A jacket is generally lighter, tighter-fitting, and less insulating than a coat, but both are outerwear. Some jackets are fashionable, while some others serve as protective clothing.
Vincent Fort
Vincent Dean Fort (April 28, 1956 – December 22, 2024) was an American politician who served as a member of the Georgia State Senate for the 39th district from 1996 to 2017. He represented part of Fulton County for the 39th district. His district included part of Atlanta and East Point. Fort was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2017 Atlanta mayoral election.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Edisson Jordanov
Edisson Lachezarov Jordanov (Bulgarian: Едисон Лъчезаров Йорданов; born 8 June 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belgian Challenger Pro League club Beerschot. Born in Germany, he plays for the Bulgaria national team.

FC Hansa Rostock
FC Hansa Rostock (German: [ʔɛf ˈt͡seː ˈhanza ˈʁɔstɔk]) is a German association football club based in the city of Rostock,  Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The club is also called "the cog" because of its club crest. They have emerged as one of the most successful clubs from the former East Germany after German reunification and have made several appearances in the top-flight Bundesliga. With over 29,000 club members, the club is one of the largest sports clubs in Germany.

After being in the Bundesliga for ten years, from 1995 to 2005, Rostock went into a steady decline. In 2012, the club was relegated to the 3. Liga for the second time, regaining its place in the 2. Bundesliga in 2021. They returned to the 3. Liga after three seasons following relegation in 2023–24.
South Cheatham Advocate
The South Cheatham Advocate is a weekly newspaper published in Kingston Springs, Tennessee since 1990.

The South Cheatham Advocate has been, throughout its existence, an advertiser-supported, free newspaper.  It is not, however, a "shopper"; it has considerable editorial content and coverage of area events in the area of southern Cheatham County, particularly Kingston Springs and Pegram.  In its early existence, it was also fairly widely circulated in the nearby town of White Bluff in Dickson County; this was curtailed when a major White Bluff advertiser ceased its support.  At this time, the paper assumed its current name, the South Cheatham Advocate; it had previously been circulated as The Advocate, a name more widely associated with a national gay-oriented publication.  When circulation in White Bluff resumed on a limited scale, the South Cheatham portion of the name was retained.

Cheatham County, Tennessee
Cheatham County (/ˈtʃiːtəm/ CHEE-təm) is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,072. Its county seat is Ashland City. Cheatham County is located in Middle Tennessee, and is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Montevideo 1938 chess tournament
The eighth South American Chess Championship (Torneo Sudamericano) took place in Montevideo, Uruguay, from 7th to 25 March 1938. The event was held in an elegant seaside resort Carrasco, one of the most expensive neighborhoods in Montevideo, located on the city's southeast coast.

The results and standings:

South American Chess Championship
The first South American Chess Championship (Torneo Sudamericano, Torneio Sulamericano) was held in Montevideo (Carrasco), Uruguay, on December 25, 1921 – January 22, 1922. The eighteen-player single round-robin tournament was won by Roberto Grau 14/17, followed by Benito Villegas, Valentin Fernandez Coria and Rolando Illa, all got 12.5/17, etc.

The Torneio Sulamericano was replaced in 1951 by the Torneio Zonal Sulamericano, except for 1962 (*) when the Torneo Latino-americano was played.