hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ego integrity
Ego integrity was the term given by Erik Erikson to the last of his eight stages of psychosocial development, and used by him to represent 'a post-narcissistic love of the human ego—as an experience which conveys some world order and spiritual sense, no matter how dearly paid for'.

Integrity of the ego can also be used with respect to the development of a reliable sense of self, a reliable sense of other, and an understanding of how those constructs interact to form a person's experience of reality; as well as to the way 'the synthetic function of the ego, though it is of such extraordinary importance, is subject...to a whole number of disturbances'.

Erik Erikson
Erik Homburger Erikson (born Erik Salomonsen; 15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-American child psychoanalyst and visual artist known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He coined the phrase identity crisis.

Despite lacking a university degree, Erikson served as a professor at prominent institutions, including Harvard, University of California, Berkeley, and Yale. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Erikson as the 12th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century.
Iowa Central Air Line Railroad
The Iowa Central Air Line Rail Road, also derisively known as the Calico Railroad, is a historic railroad that was planned to operate in Iowa.

The railroad was planned to operate from Lyons, Iowa to Council Bluffs, Iowa and was organized in 1853.

Iowa residents purchased stock and Iowa counties voted bonds to help build the road. Early in 1854 work on the track between Lyons and Iowa City was begun and progressed rapidly.

The funds, however, were inadequate and some were misappropriated. As a result, work was stopped in June and engineers, contractors and laborers, involving some 2,000 persons in all, were left without their pay and without work. The Iowa counties, however, were compelled to redeem their bonds.

The railroad company had a store at Lyons, and the goods (including a supply of calico) were distributed in partial payment to the workers; hence the nickname.

Clinton, Iowa
Clinton is a city in and the county seat of Clinton County, Iowa, United States. It borders the Mississippi River. The population was 24,469 as of 2020.

Clinton, along with DeWitt (also located in Clinton County), was named in honor of the sixth governor of New York, DeWitt Clinton. Incorporated on January 26, 1857, Clinton is the principal city of the Clinton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is coterminous with Clinton County.
Aspergillus carlsbadensis
Aspergillus carlsbadensis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus which has been isolated from the Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico in the United States. It is from the Usti section.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
1985 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1985 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1985 Big Ten Conference football season. Led by Dave McClain in his eighth and final season as head coach, the Badgers compiled an overall record of 5–6 with a mark of 2–6 in conference play, placing eighth in the Big Ten. Wisconsin played home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison, Wisconsin.

Camp Randall Stadium
Camp Randall Stadium is an outdoor stadium in Madison, Wisconsin, located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin. It has been the home of the Wisconsin Badgers football team in rudimentary form since 1895, and as a fully functioning stadium since 1917. It is the oldest and seventh-largest stadium in the Big Ten Conference.
The field has a conventional north–south alignment at an approximate elevation of 880 feet (270 m) above sea level.
Luís de Camões
Luís Vaz de Camões (European Portuguese: [luˈiʒ ˈvaʒ ðɨ kaˈmõjʃ]; c. 1524 or 1525 – 10 June 1580), sometimes rendered in English as Camoens or Camoëns (/ˈkæmoʊənz/ KAM-oh-ənz), is considered Portugal's and the Portuguese language's greatest poet. His mastery of verse has been compared to that of Shakespeare, Milton, Vondel, Homer, Virgil and Dante. He wrote a considerable amount of lyrical poetry and drama but is best remembered for his epic work Os Lusíadas (The Lusiads). His collection of poetry The Parnasum of Luís de Camões was lost during his life. The influence of his masterpiece Os Lusíadas is so profound that Portuguese is sometimes called the "language of Camões".

The day of his death, 10 June O.S., is Portugal's national day.

Cantiga
A cantiga (cantica, cantar) is a medieval monophonic song, characteristic of the Galician-Portuguese lyric. Over 400 extant cantigas come from the Cantigas de Santa Maria, narrative songs about miracles or hymns in praise of the Holy Virgin. There are near 1700 secular cantigas but music has only survived for a very few: six cantigas de amigo by Martín Codax and seven cantigas de amor by Denis of Portugal.

Cantiga is also the name of a poetic and musical form of the Renaissance, often associated with the villancico and the canción.
Apache Nugget Casino
The Apache Nugget Casino is located 15 miles (24 km) north of Cuba, New Mexico, at the junctions of highway 550 and highway 537. The casino is operated by the Apache Nugget Corporation (ANC) which oversees all gaming activity for the Jicarilla Apache Nation. ANC is a for-profit Federally Chartered Section 17 Corporation owned by the Jicarilla Apache Nation. It is located in Dulce, New Mexico, the headquarters for the Nation. ANC has been in existence since 2003.

In March 2020, tribal casinos across New Mexico closed temporarily during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apache Nugget later reopened on February 14, 2025 (2025-02-14) following a prolonged pandemic closure.

In 2025 the operator announced a partnership to install a full-service race and sportsbook at the property, targeted to open in August 2025.

Dulce, New Mexico
Dulce (/ˈdʌlsiː/ or /ˈduːsiː/; Jicarilla Apache: Lóosi)
is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States.  The population was 2,743 at the 2010 census, almost entirely Native American. It is the largest community and tribal headquarters of the Jicarilla Apache Reservation.
North District FC
North District Football Club (Chinese: 北區足球會), currently known as Golik North District due to sponsorship reasons, is a Hong Kong professional football club which currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League, the top tier of Hong Kong football.

Football Association of Hong Kong, China
The Football Association of Hong Kong, China (HKFA, Chinese: 中國香港足球總會; formerly Hong Kong Football Association) is the governing body of association football in Hong Kong. It is currently a member of FIFA, the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the East Asian Football Federation (EAFF). Its current chairman is Eric Fok.
Hildigund Neubert
Hildigund Neubert (born Hildigund  Falcke) is a German politician. At the time of East Germany's "peaceful revolution" she was a member of Demokratischer Aufbruch (DA, "Democratic Awakening"), one of the political organisations that advocated for democracy and helped bring about the 1990 East German general election.

After reunification she remained active on the centre-right of German politics.

Landtag of Thuringia
The Landtag of Thuringia is the parliament of the German state of Thuringia. It convenes in Erfurt and currently consists of 88 members from five parties. According to the free state's constitution, the primary functions of the Landtag are to pass laws, elect the Minister-President and control the government of Thuringia.
Macdonald (electoral district)
Macdonald was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1892 to 1949. This riding was created in 1892 from parts of Marquette ridings. It was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Brandon, Lisgar, Portage—Neepawa, Selkirk and Souris ridings.

It consisted of the rural municipalities of South Cypress, South Norfolk, North Norfolk, North Cypress, Langford, Rosedale, Lansdowne, Westbourne and Portage la Prairie, and the towns of Portage la Prairie, Gladstone and Neepawa, and the village of Carberry, together with some unorganised territory lying west of  Lake Manitoba and north to the northern boundary of the province of Manitoba.

Marquette (federal electoral district)
Marquette was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1871 to 1979.

This riding was created in 1871 following the creation of the province of Manitoba in 1870.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Brandon—Souris, Dauphin and Portage—Marquette  ridings.
Free-by-cyclic group
In group theory, especially, in geometric group theory, the class of free-by-cyclic groups have been deeply studied as important examples. A group  is said to be free-by-cyclic if it has a free normal subgroup  such that the quotient group  is cyclic. In other words,  is free-by-cyclic if it can be expressed as a group extension of a free group by a cyclic group (NB there are two conventions for 'by'). Usually, we assume  is finitely generated and the quotient is an infinite cyclic group. Equivalently, we can define a free-by-cyclic group constructively: if  is an automorphism of , the semidirect product  is a free-by-cyclic group.

An isomorphism class of a free-by-cyclic group is determined by an outer automorphism. If two automorphisms  represent the same outer automorphism, that is,  for some inner automorphism , the free-by-cyclic groups  and  are isomorphic.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
2008 Montana gubernatorial election
The 2008 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 2008, to elect the governor and lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Montana. Incumbent governor Brian Schweitzer, a Democrat who was elected to his first four-year term in 2004, was elected to a second term with 65.5% of the vote, despite John McCain narrowly carrying the state during the concurrent presidential election. Incumbent lieutenant governor John Bohlinger, a Republican who was once again Schweitzer's running mate, was reelected to a second term. The Republican nominee was Roy Brown, a member of the Montana Senate. Brown's running mate was businessman Steve Daines, a future member of both chambers of Congress.

Kalispell, Montana
Kalispell (/ˈkæləˌspɛl, ˌkæləˈspɛl/,  Montana Salish: Ql̓ispé, Kutenai language: Kqayaqawakⱡuʔnam) is a city in and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana, United States. The 2020 census put Kalispell's population at 24,558.  The latest estimates put the population at 31,296. Among cities in Montana, it is the 8th largest by area, 7th most populous, and 8th fastest growing from 2010 to 2020. In Montana's northwest region, it is the largest city and the commercial center of the Kalispell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name Kalispell is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake".
GM 4T40 transmission
The 4T40-E and 4T45-E are a series of automatic transaxles from General Motors. Designed for transverse engine configurations, the series includes 4 forward gears. The 4Txx family replaced the Turbo-Hydramatic 125 transverse three speed automatic introduced in 1980.

The "-E" series is electronically controlled and features an automatic overdrive transaxle with an electronically controlled torque converter clutch.  Since non-electronic versions of these transmissions do not exist, it is conventional to refer to these models as simply 4T40 and 4T45, leaving out the "-E".

The 4T40 and 4T45 were assembled at Windsor Transmission in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

Saturn Vue
The Saturn Vue is a compact SUV that was built and marketed by Saturn, and it was Saturn's best-selling model. It was the first vehicle to use the GM Theta platform when it was introduced in 2001 for the 2002 model year. The Vue was facelifted for the 2006 model year. A second generation model was launched in 2007 for the 2008 model year as a rebadged Opel Antara.

Vue production in North America ended as GM discontinued the Saturn brand as part of the 2009 General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization.
Bubenheim, Mainz-Bingen
Bubenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːbn̩haɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Puertas
Puertas is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. It is integrated into the Vitigudino region and the La Ramajería sub-region. It is occupying a total area of 62.71  km² and according to the municipal register prepared by the INE in 2017, it has a population of 79 inhabitants.

Vitigudino
Vitigudino is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It is located 67 kilometers from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 2.700 people. The municipality is made up of two entities: Majuges at 3 km and Vitigudino, which is the head. In addition, the region has 56 municipalities.
Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE or Explorer 67) was a NASA space telescope for ultraviolet astronomy. EUVE was a part of NASA's Explorer spacecraft series. Launched on 7 June 1992 with instruments for ultraviolet (UV) radiation between wavelengths of 7 and 76 nm (equivalent to 0.016–0.163 keV in energy), the EUVE was the first satellite mission especially for the short-wave ultraviolet range. The satellite compiled an all-sky survey of 801 astronomical targets before being decommissioned on 31 January 2001.

Microchannel plate detector
A microchannel plate (MCP) is used to detect single particles (electrons, ions and neutrons) and photons (ultraviolet radiation and X-rays). It is closely related to an electron multiplier, as both intensify single particles or photons by the multiplication of electrons via secondary emission. Because a microchannel plate detector has many separate channels, it can provide spatial resolution.
2003 Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The 2003 Men's Hockey Asia Cup was an international field hockey tournament held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 21 to 28 September 2003. It was the sixth edition of the Men's Hockey Asia Cup that started in 1982. The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2006 Men's Hockey World Cup in Germany.

Seven of the eight teams competing in the tournament had qualified via the host nation spot or by finishing in the top six of the previous tournament with the last remaining spot being played between seven teams (which was won by Hong Kong). These eight teams were separated into two groups of four teams with the top two of each group qualifying through to the semi-finals while the bottom two competed for fifth place. After competing in the same group, India and Pakistan competed in the final, which India won 4–2 to take their first title here. South Korea claimed the bronze medal after defeating Japan 4–2.

1982 Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The 1982 Men's Hockey Asia Cup was the first edition of the Asia Cup organized by Asian Hockey Federation (AHF). It was held in Karachi, Pakistan from 12 to 20 March 1982 and saw seven teams compete with an eighth (Japan) not being able to compete.

Initially the competition was going to be held in Lahore, but due to the persistent rain, the event was moved to Karachi. Once there, the competition was contested in a round-robin format with each team competing against one another. After 21 matches were played, Pakistan took out the tournament winning all six matches to become the first champions of the Asia Cup ahead of India and China who finished with the silver and bronze respectively.
Normanton to Croydon railway line
The Normanton to Croydon railway line is a heritage-listed railway line in the Gulf Country of northern Queensland, Australia. The railway line linking Normanton in the Shire of Carpentaria to Croydon in the Shire of Croydon was built between 1888 and 1891 and is the last isolated line of Queensland Rail still in use. It utilises an innovative system of submersible track with patented steel sleepers and retains buildings of considerable architectural and technical interest at its terminus in Normanton. The only train to operate on the line is the weekly Gulflander service operated by a Gardner diesel propelled railmotor and carriages TP1809 and TP1811.

It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Gulf Country
The Gulf Country or North West Queensland is the region of woodland and savanna grassland surrounding the Gulf of Carpentaria in north western Queensland and eastern Northern Territory on the north coast of Australia. The region is also called the Gulf Savannah. The Gulf Country is crossed by the Savannah Way highway.

The flat, savannah land has a dry season and a monsoon, containing the largest areas of native grassland in Australia. It is used for raising cattle and mining. It contains large reserves of zinc, lead and silver. The area is home to a number of endangered species and is crossed by a number of major rivers. The first known European explorer of the region was Willem Janszoon.
Pat LaFontaine
Patrick Michael LaFontaine (born February 22, 1965) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He played as a center in the National Hockey League (NHL) and spent his entire playing career with the league's New York State-based teams. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2003.

LaFontaine played for the New York Islanders from 1983 until 1991, the Buffalo Sabres from 1991 until 1997, and the New York Rangers from 1997 until his retirement in 1998, scoring 468 goals and 1,013 points along the way before his career was ended by concussions. His 1.17 points per game (1,013 points over 865 games) is the best among American-born ice hockey players, active or retired. In 2017, LaFontaine was named one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history. LaFontaine served as an executive of the Buffalo Sabres as the president of hockey operations from November 2013 to March 2014.

Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy
The Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League player who best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to ice hockey. It is named after Bill Masterton, the only player in NHL history to die as a direct result of injuries suffered during a game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association after each team nominates one player in competition. It is often awarded to a player who has come back from career– or even life-threatening illness or injury.
Tonkin Street
Tonkin Street (Chinese: 東京街) is a street between Sham Shui Po and Cheung Sha Wan of New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It runs northeast to southwest and crosses many major roads in the Cheung Sha Wan area. After extensive reclamation in West Kowloon during the 1990s, an extension Tonkin Street West (東京街西) was built.

Lei Cheng Uk Estate
Lei Cheng Uk Estate (Chinese: 李鄭屋邨; Jyutping: Lei5 Zeng6 Uk1 Cyun1; Cantonese Yale: Léihjehng'ūk Chyūn) is a public housing estate and Tenants Purchase Scheme estate in Lei Cheng Uk, downhill from Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located near the So Uk Estate. Since the redevelopment in 1980s, the estate consists of 10 residential buildings completed in 1984, 1989 and 1990 respectively. In 2002, some of the flats were sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 5. The estate is now managed by Hong Kong Housing Society.
MicrOmega-IR
MicrOmega-IR is an infrared hyperspectral microscope that is part of the science payload on board the European Rosalind Franklin rover, tasked to search for biosignatures on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028. MicrOmega-IR will analyse in situ the powder material derived from crushed samples collected by the rover's core drill.

Biosignature
A biosignature is a phenomenon that can be explained by biological processes where all possible abiotic causes of this phenomenon have been eliminated. This term is mainly used in the field of astrobiology in the search for past or present extraterrestrial life, from planets and moons in the Solar System to exoplanets. Candidate biosignatures strongly indicate some of the earliest known life forms, aid studies of the origin of life on Earth as well as the possibility of life on Mars, Venus and elsewhere in the universe.
USS Conqueror
USS Conqueror (AMc-70) was an Accentor-class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.

Conqueror was built by Warren Fish Company, Pensacola, Florida,

Accentor-class minesweeper
The Accentor-class minesweeper, sometimes called the Accentor/Acme-class minesweeper, was a small minesweeper used by the United States Navy during World War II. The Accentor-class minesweeper was designed for the sweeping of mines in harbors, bays, and other littoral waters.
2009 World Cup of Softball
The fourth World Cup of Softball was held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma between July 16 and July 20, 2009.  The United States won their third World Cup by defeating Australia 3-1 in the Championship game.

USA Softball International Cup
The USA Softball International Cup previously known as the World Cup of Softball, was an annual women's softball tournament.  The first eight World Cups were held at the ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The competition is governed by USA Softball, which is also headquartered in Oklahoma City. The name was changed in 2018 due to WBSC Event Name Regulations.
Siege of Fukuyo
The siege of Fukuyo was one of many steps taken by the Japanese feudal lord Takeda Shingen in his bid to seize control of Shinano Province. The fortress at Fukuyo lay in the Ina valley, south of Lake Suwa. Tozawa Yorichika, an ally of Takatō Yoritsugu, lord of Takatō Castle, surrendered quickly. The Battle of Ankokuji followed the siege.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.