hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acaulosporaceae
The Acaulosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Diversisporales. Species in this family are widespread in distribution, and form arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. The family contains two genera and 31 species.

Diversisporales
The Diversisporales are an order of generally hypogeous (underground) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi within the division Glomeromycota. Many have vesicles for energy storage, or auxiliary cells. Species produce a wide range of spore types, hence the name.
McMinnville and Manchester Railroad
The McMinnville and Manchester Railroad Company was chartered by an Act of the legislature of the State of Tennessee on February 4, 1850. Under this charter, the railroad company built a line of railroad from McMinnville, Tennessee. southwesterly through Manchester, Tennessee. to Tullahoma, Tennessee, where it connected with the railroad line of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad Company.

The McMinnville and Manchester company opened 34.2 miles (55.0 km) of 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad between McMinnville and Tullahoma in November 1856. In the absence of any contract with the original owner that differed with the franchises granted by law, the railroad was entitled to a right-of-way extended 100 feet (30.5 m) on either side of the center of the railroad line.

Manchester, Tennessee
Manchester is a city and the county seat of Coffee County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 12,213 at the 2020 census.

Manchester is part of the Tullahoma micropolitan area.

Since 2002, Manchester has been the host city for the annual Bonnaroo Music Festival. The city's population swells to nearly 100,000 people for the four-day event, for which people travel across the country to camp and enjoy continuous and diverse music.
International Criminal Court investigation in Mali
The International Criminal Court investigation in Mali or the Situation in the Republic of Mali is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC) into war crimes and other crimes within the ICC's jurisdiction that are alleged to have occurred during the Mali War since January 2012. The investigation was requested by the government of Mali in July 2012. As the first person who pleaded guilty to a charge of the ICC, Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi made a statement expressing remorse and advising others not to commit similar acts.

On 27 September 2016, al-Mahdi was sentenced to nine years in prison for the destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu. At least nine mausoleums and one mosque were destroyed.
On 26 June 2024, al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz was found guilty of crimes against humanity and war crimes.

Ansar Dine
Ansar Dine (Arabic: أنصار الدين ʾAnṣār ad-Dīn, also transliterated Ançar Deen), meaning "helpers of the religion" (Islam) (Defenders of the Faith) and also known as Ansar al-Din (abbreviated as AAD), was a Salafi jihadist group led by Iyad Ag Ghaly. Ansar Dine sought to impose absolute sharia across Mali. The group took over the city of Timbuktu in 2012, which prompted the French-led intervention, Operation Serval.

The organization is not to be confused with the Sufi movement Ançar Dine, founded in Southern Mali in the 1990s by Chérif Ousmane Madani Haïdara, which is fundamentally opposed to militant Islamism. Ansar Dine was opposed to Sufi shrines, and it had destroyed a number of such shrines.

Ansar Dine was active from March 2012 until March 2017, when it merged with other militant Islamist groups to form Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin.
Duku railway station
Duku Station (DUK) is a railway station located in Kasang, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra. The station, which is located at an altitude of +7m, is included in the Regional Division II West Sumatra. To the northeast from line 1 of this station there is a new branch to Minangkabau International Airport which has been operating since 2018.

The station building has now been replaced with a new building with a typical Minangkabau Rumah Gadang architecture. The old station building which is an Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust heritage has now been torn down.

This line is served by train from the airport to Padang Station, which is 23 km from the airport. Starting 22 March 2019 the Lembah Anai rail bus also stopped at this station in connection with the extension of this railway link to the airport and this station automatically became the station with the busiest rail traffic in West Sumatra.

Padang Pariaman Regency
Padang Pariaman Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,343.58 km2, and it had a population of 390,204 at the 2010 census and 430,626 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 451,388 - comprising 226,435 males and 224,953 females. The regency seat is at the town of Parit Malintang. West Sumatra's capital and biggest city, Padang, is surrounded on the landward side by this regency, which includes suburbs of the city.
Latent period (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, particularly in the discussion of infectious disease dynamics (modeling), the latent period (also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period) is the time interval between when an individual or host is infected by a pathogen and when that individual becomes infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting pathogens to other susceptible individuals.

Asymptomatic carrier
An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms.

Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the disease. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the transmission of common infectious diseases such as typhoid, HIV, C. difficile, influenzas, cholera, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, although the latter is often associated with "robust T-cell immunity" in more than a quarter of patients studied. While the mechanism of disease-carrying is still unknown, researchers have made progress towards understanding how certain pathogens can remain dormant in a human for a period of time. A better understanding of asymptomatic disease carriers is crucial to the fields of medicine and public health as they work towards mitigating the spread of common infectious diseases.
Central Highlands terrane
The Central Highlands terrane in Scotland, also known as the Grampian terrane, is a sequence of early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks containing many igneous intrusions. It stretches from the Great Glen Fault, south-east down to the Highland Boundary.

The terrane contains mostly gabbro and gneiss that show intrusions of granite and dolerite. Limestones in the region also contain many fossils such as trilobites and brachiopods.

Terrane
In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/; in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.
Panagiotis Kone
Panagiotis Kone (Greek: Παναγιώτης Κονέ, born 26 July 1987) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Kone started playing football in the youth ranks of Olympiacos, from where he moved to Lens' youth team. He started professional football in AEK Athens before moving to Iraklis in 2008. After two seasons with the club, Kone moved to Serie A club Brescia. After one season in Brescia, he moved to Bologna in 2011 on loan, then transferred permanently to the club in 2012.

He then signed for Udinese in 2014. After loan spells with Fiorentina, Granada and AEK Athens, Kone left Udinese in August 2018.

Kone represented Greece at various youth levels before making his senior debut in 2010. He was a member of the Greece squad that played in the 2014 World Cup.

2017–18 Super League Greece
The 2017–18 Super League Greece, or Souroti Super League for sponsorship reasons, was the 82nd season of the highest tier in league of Greek football and the 12th under its current name. The season started in August 2017 and ended in May 2018. The league comprises fourteen teams from the 2016–17 season and two promoted from the 2016–17 Football League.

On 12 March 2018, the Super League Greece was suspended by the Greek government until further notice after the president of PAOK, Ivan Savvidis, had stormed onto the pitch with a revolver during the match between PAOK and AEK Athens played the previous day. The suspension was lifted on 27 March. PAOK was deducted 3 points and AEK was awarded 3 points for the incident.

Contrary to the previous seasons, the playoffs for the Champions League and Europa League spots were removed, with qualification based solely on finishing position.
Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
The Polish–Ukrainian conflict took place from 1939 to 1947. It was fought primarily between irregular Ukrainian and Polish units, with limited participation by Soviet partisans and the  Red Army, as well as Romanian, Hungarian, German and Czechoslovak armed formations. Fighting was concentrated in south-eastern Kresy region (today Western Ukraine) of the German-occupied Second Polish Republic.

The occupation of Poland by Germany and Soviet Union in September 1939 led to demands by Ukrainian nationalists for a new Ukrainian state which would include the Polish territories of Eastern Galicia and Wołyń (Volhynia).

Ukrainian national government (1941)
The Ukrainian national government (Ukrainian: Українське Державне Правління (УДП), romanized: Ukrainske Derzhavne Pravlinnia (UDP), lit. 'Ukrainian State Board') was a brief self-proclaimed Ukrainian government during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. The government was declared by the proclamation of the Ukrainian state on 30 June 1941, which also pledged to work with Nazi Germany. It was led by Stepan Bandera's faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN-B.

When German troops entered Lviv, the German authorities told the leadership of the Ukrainian nationalists to disband. However, it did not, and its leaders were arrested.
Matthew 2
Matthew 2 is the second chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It describes the events after the birth of Jesus, the visit of the magi and the attempt by King Herod to kill the infant messiah, Joseph and his family's flight into Egypt, and their later return to live in Israel, settling in Nazareth.

Flight into Egypt
The flight into Egypt is a story recounted in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 2:13–23) and in New Testament apocrypha.  Soon after the visit by the Magi, an angel appeared to Joseph in a dream telling him to flee to Egypt with Mary and the infant Jesus since King Herod would seek the child to kill him. The episode is frequently shown in art, as the final episode of the Nativity of Jesus in art, and was a common component in cycles of the Life of the Virgin as well as the Life of Christ. Within the narrative tradition, iconic representation of the "Rest on the Flight into Egypt" developed after the 14th century.
South Beach Diet
The South Beach Diet is a popular fad diet developed by Arthur Agatston and promoted in his bestselling 2003 book.  It emphasizes eating food with a low glycemic index, and categorizes carbohydrates and fats as "good" or "bad". Like other fad diets, it may have elements which are generally recognized as sensible, but it promises benefits not backed by supporting evidence or sound science.

Weight loss
In medicine, health, or physical fitness, weight loss is a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can either occur unintentionally because of malnourishment or an underlying disease, or from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state.  "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or increase in exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition.
1900 AAA Championships
The 1900 AAA Championships was the 1900 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held on Saturday 7 July 1900 at the Stamford Bridge (stadium) in London, England.

The 14 events were the same number as in the previous year and all 14 event disciplines remained the same.

Stamford Bridge (stadium)
Stamford Bridge (/ˈstæmfərd/) is a football stadium in Fulham, in the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, in West London. It is the home of Premier League club Chelsea. With a capacity of 41,312, it is the twelfth-largest football stadium in England.

Opened in 1877, the stadium was used by London Athletic Club until 1905, when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since. It has undergone major changes over the years, most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern, all-seater stadium.

Stamford Bridge has hosted Charity Shield games. It has also hosted numerous other sports, such as cricket, rugby union, rugby league, speedway, greyhound racing, baseball and American football. The stadium's highest official attendance is 82,905, for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935.
Warley Woods
Warley Woods (sometimes known as Warley Park, or Warley Woods Park) is a 100-acre (40 ha) public park in the Warley district of Smethwick, in Sandwell, in the West Midlands of England, originally laid out by Humphry Repton. It has been grade II listed by English Heritage in their Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest since September 1994.

Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.
2025 Oregon Ducks football team
The 2025 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by Dan Lanning, in his fourth year as head coach, and they played their home games at Autzen Stadium in Eugene, Oregon. This was the Ducks' second year in the Big Ten.

The Oregon Ducks drew an average home attendance of 58,582, the highest of all American football teams from Oregon.

Autzen Stadium
Autzen Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Located north of the University of Oregon campus, it is the home field of the Oregon Ducks of the Big Ten Conference. Opened in 1967, the stadium has undergone several expansions. The official seating capacity is presently 54,000 to 60,000 (with SRO); however, the actual attendance regularly exceeds that figure.
Steven Holl
Steven Holl (born December 9, 1947) is a New York–based American architect and watercolorist.

His work includes the 2022 Rubenstein Commons at the Institute for Advanced Study; the 2020 Campus expansion of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston including the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building and Glassell School of Art; the 2019 REACH expansion of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts; the 2019 Hunters Point Library in Queens, New York; the 2007 Bloch Building addition to the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri; and the 2009 Linked Hybrid mixed-use complex in Beijing, China.

Linked Hybrid
Linked Hybrid (Chinese: 北京当代MOMA) is a building complex built in Beijing, China designed by Steven Holl Architects. It is recognized for its environmental design and uses geo-thermal wells for cooling and heating. Linked Hybrid has won several awards such as the Best Tall Building Overall Award by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat in 2009.

Located near the old city wall, it was designed as a pedestrian-oriented combination of public and private space that encourages the use of shared resources and reduces the need for wasteful modes of transit.
Nasikabhushani
Nasikabhushani (pronounced nāsikābhūshaṇi) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 70th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Nāsāmaṇi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Condoman
Condoman is an Indigenous Australian superhero created in 1987 as the mascot of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention campaign encouraging condom usage among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Depicted as an Indigenous man in a red, black, and yellow costume inspired by the Australian Aboriginal flag, he initially appeared on posters in North Queensland with the message "Don't be shame, be game – use frenchies!" (using a slang term for condoms, later changed to "Don't be shame, be game – use condoms!" for wider distribution). Condoman was designed to promote safe sex practices as the AIDS crisis began to arrive in Australia, and would come to be recognised as an important symbol in the history of HIV/AIDS in Australia and as a successful case of Indigenous-led healthcare initiatives.

HIV/AIDS in Australia
The history of HIV/AIDS in Australia is distinctive, as Australian government bodies recognised and responded to the AIDS pandemic relatively swiftly, with the implementation of effective disease prevention and public health programs, such as needle and syringe programs (NSPs). As a result, despite significant numbers of at-risk group members contracting the virus in the early period following its discovery, Australia achieved and has maintained a low rate of HIV infection in comparison to the rest of the world.

AIDS is no longer considered an epidemic or a public health issue in Australia, due to the success of anti-retroviral drugs and extremely low HIV-to-AIDS progression rates.
Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School
Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School (DJHSS) is a boys-only secondary school in Gobichettipalayam, in the Erode District of Tamil Nadu, India. It was established to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1898.

Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria was officially celebrated on 22 June 1897 to mark the occasion of the 60th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession on 20 June 1837. Queen Victoria was the first British monarch ever to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee.
Batjac Productions
Batjac Productions is an independent film production company co-founded by John Wayne as a vehicle for Wayne to both produce and star in movies. It was originally known as Wayne-Fellows Productions when it started in 1952. The company's first production was Big Jim McLain released by Warner Bros. in 1952, and its final film was McQ, in 1974, also distributed by Warner Bros. After John Wayne's death in 1979, his son Michael Wayne owned and managed the company until his own death in 2003, when his wife Gretchen assumed ownership.

McQ
McQ is a 1974 American Panavision neo-noir crime action film directed by John Sturges and starring John Wayne. It costars Eddie Albert, Diana Muldaur, and Al Lettieri, and features Colleen Dewhurst, Clu Gulager, David Huddleston, Julian Christopher (credited as Jim Watkins), Roger E. Mosley, and William Bryant in supporting roles. The film was shot in Washington, making extensive use of locations in Seattle and with a sequence near the end filmed on the Pacific Coast in Moclips, Washington.
Cephalopanax
Cephalopanax is a genus of plants in the family Araliaceae. It contains two species, which were until 2021 classed in other Araliaceae genera:

Cephalopanax jahnii (Harms) G.M.Plunkett, Lowry & D.A.Neill – Colombia and Venezuela

Cephalopanax pachycephalus (Planch. & Linden ex Harms) G.M.Plunkett, Lowry & D.A.Neill –  Colombia and Venezuela (Tachira)

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Ambalat
Ambalat is a sea block in the Celebes sea located off the east coast of Borneo. It lies to the south-east of the Malaysian state of Sabah and to the east of the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan, and it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two nations. Malaysia refers to part of the Ambalat block as Block ND6 (formerly Block Y) and part of East Ambalat Block as Block ND7 (formerly Block Z). The deep sea blocks contain an estimated 62,000,000 barrels (9,900,000 m3) of oil and 348 million cubic meters of natural gas. Other estimates place it substantially higher: 764,000,000 barrels (121,500,000 m3) of oil and 3.96 × 1010 cubic meters (1.4 trillion cubic feet) of gas, in only one of nine points in Ambalat.

Sipadan
Sipadan (Malay: Pulau Sipadan) is the only oceanic island in Malaysia, rising 600 metres (2,000 ft) from the seabed. It is located in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Sabah, Malaysia. It was formed by living corals growing on top of an extinct volcanic cone that took thousands of years to develop. Sipadan is located at the heart of the Indo-Pacific basin, the centre of one of the richest marine habitats in the world. More than 400 species of fish and hundreds of coral species have been classified in this ecosystem. The island sits within Sipadan Island Park, a marine park encompassing 16,860 hectares and managed by Sabah Parks.