hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christos Zechouritis
Christos Zechouritis, also spelled Khristos Zekhouritis, was a Greek track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics in the marathon. He finished eleventh of the fifteen finishers, but moved up to tenth after the American Frederick Lorz was disqualified.

Frederick Lorz
Frederick Lorz (June 5, 1884 – February 4, 1914) was an American long-distance runner who won the 1905 Boston Marathon. Lorz is also known for his "finish" in the marathon at the 1904 Summer Olympics, where he did not cross the halfway mark of the race, and crossed the line to be hailed as the winner.
Sam Smith (rugby union)
Sam Smith (born 6 June 1990 in Epsom, Surrey, England), is a former English rugby union player. He played on the wing.

Smith made his first grade debut in the LV= Cup for Harlequins against the Newcastle Falcons on 15 November 2009.

His father Simon Smith played for Wasps and gained 9 caps for England between 1985 and 1986. His mother rowed for Cambridge and Great Britain.

In 2014, Smith was signed by Worcester Warriors Director of Rugby Dean Ryan following the departure of wing David Lemi. Smith remained at the club until 2016, when he retired from rugby after a quadriceps injury not healing fully.

He now runs a coffee shop called Wayland's Yard at 6 Foregate Street in Worcester.

David Lemi
David Lemi (born 10 February 1982) is a former professional rugby player who played on the wing for Rouen.

Weighing 75 kg and only 1.75m tall, he is one of the smaller professional rugby players. However, his electric pace and low centre of gravity enabled him to be the 2nd highest Premiership try scorer for the 2005-06 season; and top scorer in the 2006-07 season.

As well as representing the Samoa national rugby sevens team, he has played for the senior 15-a-side team, representing his nation at the 2007 and 2011 World Cups.
Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown
Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown (April 18, 1924 – September 10, 2005) was an American singer and multi-instrumentalist from Louisiana. He was best-known as a blues performer, but his music was often eclectic and also touched on genres including country, jazz and rock and roll. Brown won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album in 1983 for his album, Alright Again!

Orange, Texas
Orange is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, Texas, United States. The population was 19,324 at the 2020 census. It is the easternmost city in Texas, located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, and is 113 miles (182 km) from Houston. Orange is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area. Founded in 1836, it is a deep-water port to the Gulf of Mexico.
114 Kassandra
114 Kassandra is a large and dark main-belt asteroid. It belongs to the rare class T. It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on July 23, 1871, and is named after Cassandra, the prophetess in the tales of the Trojan War.

This object is classified as a rare T-type asteroid, with parts of the spectrum displaying properties similar to the mineral troilite and to carbonaceous chondrite. The shape of the spectrum also appears similar to fine grain from the Ornans meteorite, which landed in France in 1868. The light curve for this asteroid displays a period of 10.758 ± 0.004 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 ± 0.01 in magnitude.

In 2001, 114 Kassandra was observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 100 ± 14 km. This is consistent with the asteroid dimensions computed through other means.

Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (September 19, 1813 – July 18, 1890) was a German–American astronomer and professor at Hamilton College, New York, and a pioneer in the study and visual discovery of asteroids. His name is often given as C. H. F. Peters.
Ponders End
Ponders End is the southeasternmost part of Enfield, north London, England, around Hertford Road west of the River Lee Navigation. It became industrialised through the 19th century, similar to the Lea Valley in neighbouring Edmonton and Brimsdown, with manufacturing giving way to warehousing in the late-20th century. The area features much social housing, with streets also lined with suburban terraced housing from the 19th and early 20th centuries.

As a result of immigration, the area has become the most ethnically diverse part of Enfield, with the majority of the population having an ethnic minority background at the 2011 census. As of 2021 the area was experiencing large-scale regeneration, with the high-rise Alma Road Estate undergoing demolition and redevelopment.
Ponders End had a population of 15,664 as of 2011.

North London
North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames and the City of London. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term is occasionally used in reference to all of London north of the River Thames.

The term differentiates the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of North London are also part of Central London.
Herbaijum
Herbaijum (West Frisian: Hjerbeam) is a village in Waadhoeke municipality in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and had around 253 citizens in January 2014. Until 2018, the village was part of the Franekeradeel municipality.

Waadhoeke
Waadhoeke is a municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. It was established 1 January 2018 and consists of the former municipalities of Franekeradeel, het Bildt, Menameradiel and parts of Littenseradiel, all four of which were dissolved on the same day.

The municipality is located in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands. Waadhoeke is bordered by Harlingen, Terschelling, Noardeast-Fryslân, Leeuwarden and Súdwest-Fryslân. The population in January 2019 was 46,133. It is Friesland's sixth most populous municipality. The largest population centre (2018 population, 12,793) is Franeker. The residents speak Dutch, West Frisian or Bildts (a dialect in the former municipality het Bildt).
Polish Peruvians
Polish Peruvians (Polish: Polacy w Peru, Spanish: Polaco-peruanos) are Peruvian-born citizens who are of fully or partially of Polish descent, whose ancestors were Poles who emigrated to Peru as part of the Polish diaspora or Polish-born people in Peru.

Polish diaspora
The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland. The Polish diaspora is also known in modern Polish as Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance languages.

There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration.

Substantial populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native region of Central and Eastern Europe and many other European countries as well as in the Americas and Australia.

The Polonia in English-speaking countries often uses a dialect of Polish called Ponglish. It is made up of a Polish core with many English words inside it.

There are also smaller Polish communities in Asia and Africa, most notably Kazakhstan and South Africa.
Brine pipeline
A brine pipeline is a pipeline used to transport brine. It is a common way to transport salt from salt mines, salt wells and sinkworks to locations of salt evaporation (such as salterns, salt pans). Brine pipelines are also used in the oil and gas industries, and for removing salts and contaminants from water supplies.

Salt well
A salt well (or brine well) is used to mine salt from caverns or deposits. Water is used as a solution to dissolve the salt or halite deposits so that they can be extracted by pipe to an evaporation process, which results in either a brine or a dry product for sale or local use.  In the United States during the 19th century, salt wells were a significant source of income for operators and the government. Locating underground salt deposits was usually based on locations of existing salt springs.

In mountainous areas, a similar technique called sink works (from German sinkwerk) is used.
Kosmos 1785
Kosmos 1785 (Russian: Космос 1785 meaning Cosmos 1785) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1986 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1785 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 09:29 UTC on 15 October 1986. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1986-078A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 17031.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 28 February 2002.

Oko
Oko (Old Russian: Око, lit. 'Eye') is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. Since November 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
Transnational repression by China
Transnational repression by China refers to efforts by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to exert control and silence dissent beyond its national borders. It targets groups and individuals perceived as threats to or critics of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its policies. Its methods of transnational repression include digital surveillance, physical intimidation, coercion, disinformation, and lawfare.

Operation Fox Hunt
Operation Fox Hunt (Chinese: 猎狐专项行动; pinyin: Liè hú zhuānxiàng xíngdòng) is a global operation of the government of the People's Republic of China whose purported aim is to capture or harass political dissenters. It was launched in 2014 under the general secretaryship of Xi Jinping and focuses on repatriating wanted Chinese nationals from other countries. As of 2017, it has led to the arrest of over 40 individuals. Some Western governments and critics have accused the operation of targeting Chinese dissidents living abroad to stop their activism under the guise of returning corrupt Chinese nationals to the country to face criminal charges.
Nataliya Goncharova (volleyball)
Nataliya Olegovna Goncharova (Russian: Наталия Олеговна Гончарова, born 1 June 1989), from 2012 to 2016 Obmochaeva, is a Russian volleyball player. She played for the Ukraine women's national volleyball team until 2010 when she became part of the Russia women's national volleyball team.

2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 28th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Germany and Switzerland from 6 to 14 September 2013. The matches took place in 5 different cities (4 in Germany and one in Switzerland) with the final being played in Berlin.

Russia defeated Germany 3–1 in the final to capture their 18th title and the qualification for the 2013 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup.
Roger François Lotte
Roger François Lotte (b. 1922 - d. 1989) was a French archetier and bow maker, son of François Lotte and Marguerite Ouchard.

Roger studied the art of bow making with his father and took over his shop around 1960. He made bows sold by: George Deblaye, Dupuy, Léon Mougenot, Étienne Vatelot, Roger & Max Millant and Bernard Millant amongst others. His best bows made entirely by himself are stamped: Roger François Lotte and sometimes Roger Lotte. According to Gennady Filimonov, "Some of the bows from 1965-1970 mounted in gold/tortoise-shell are stunning".

Bernard Millant
Bernard Millant (1929 – 5 April 2017) was a bow maker, archetier and luthier in Paris, France. He was the son of Max Millant.
He studied violin-making at Amédée Dieudonné's workshop in Mirecourt. He also studied bow-making with Louis Morizot alongside the Morizot Frères.
He is known as an expert for his reliable certificates for fine French bows, and was the author of the definitive book on French bows:
Millant, Bernard; Raffin, Jean Francois (2000). L'Archet. Paris: L'Archet Éditions. ISBN 2-9515569-0-X.
Slavic nationalism
Below is a list of the forms of Slavic nationalism.

Pan-Slavism
Slavophile
Neo-Slavism
Austro-Slavism

East Slavic
Russian nationalism/ Greater Russia
Russophilia
Ukrainian nationalism/ Greater Ukraine/ Little Russian identity
Belarusian nationalism

West Slavic
Czech nationalism
Czechoslovakism
Slovak nationalism
Polish nationalism

South Slavic, see rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire
Bosniak nationalism
Croatian nationalism/ Greater Croatia/ Illyrianism
Macedonian nationalism/ United Macedonia
Montenegrin nationalism
Serbian nationalism/ Greater Serbia
Serbian–Montenegrin unionism
Slovenian nationalism/ United Slovenia/ Venetic theory
Bulgarian nationalism/ Greater Bulgaria
Yugoslavism/ Yugoslav irredentism/ Balkan Federation

Yugoslav irredentism
Yugoslav irredentism was a Yugoslavist political idea advocating for merging of South Slav-populated territories within Yugoslavia with several adjacent territories, including Bulgaria, Western Thrace and Greek Macedonia. The government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia sought the union with Bulgaria or its incorporation into Yugoslavia. The government of the communist-ruled Yugoslavia under Josip Broz Tito negotiated for an eventual unification with the People's Republic of Bulgaria in the Bled agreement, and also sought to create an integral Yugoslavia that would incorporate within its borders: Greek Macedonia, Albania, Pirin Macedonia, at least some of Austrian Carinthia, and for a time the entire Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
United States Post Office–Palmer Main
The US Post Office—Palmer Main is a historic post office building at 1057 Park Street in Palmer, Massachusetts.  Built in 1931, it is a good local example of Classical Revival architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Palmer, Massachusetts
Palmer is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. With a population was 12,448 at the 2020 census, Palmer is the least populous city in the Commonwealth. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Palmer adopted a home rule charter in 2004 with a council-manager form of government. Palmer is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have city forms of government but retain "The town of" in their official names.

The villages of Bondsville, Thorndike, Depot Village, and Three Rivers are located in Palmer.
Chicuelo II
Manuel Jiménez Díaz (Spanish: [manˈwel xiˈmeneθ ˈðiaθ]; 16 June 1929 – 21 January 1960), known professionally as Chicuelo II (Spanish: [tʃiˈkwelo seˈɣundo]) was a Spanish bullfighter. Jiménez's life was cut short at the age of 30 when he was among those killed on Avianca Flight 671 on 21 January 1960 at Montego Bay. Despite any similarity in names – especially the professional name – Jiménez had no kinship with earlier bullfighters who bore the nickname "Chicuelo", such as Manuel Jiménez Vera or Manuel Jiménez Moreno. However, the later bullfighter Ricardo Sevilla Jiménez "Chicuelo de Albacete" (born 1963) is his nephew.

Plaza de Toros de Albacete
The Plaza de Toros de Albacete is a bullring in the town of the Albacete, in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).

Popularly known as "La Chata", a member of the Royal Academy, José Maria de Cossio,  called it "one of the most excellent bullrings of Spain".
Ptychotrygonidae
Ptychotrygonidae is an extinct family of cartilaginous fish from the Cretaceous period belonging to the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei. This family contains the genera Archingeayia, Asflapristis, Ptychotrygon, Ptychotrygonoides, and Texatrygon.

Archingeayia
Archingeayia is an extinct genus of sawskate from the Cretaceous period. The name is derived from the type locale of the type species: Archingeay−Les Nouillers, France. This genus is known currently by isolated oral teeth alone from a singular species, Archingeayia sistaci. The specific epithet honors geologist Paul Sistac. This species was described from the lower Cenomanian of France.
GA20
GA20 is a general aviation aircraft type developed by Guanyi Aviation in accordance with CCAR-23/FAR 23/CS-23 standards. Guanyi Aviation is a private company in the aviation industry based in Shanghai, China. The development program commenced in 2015, and the Type Certificate (TC) application was submitted to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) in September 2016. After nine years of development and certification work, the GA20 was officially granted its Type Certificate by CAAC on December 2, 2024.

The GA20 is a single-engine, four-seat, fixed-wing aircraft with a wide range of market applications. It can meet diverse operational needs such as airline pilot training, private flying, short-haul passenger transport, and low-altitude sightseeing.

The GA20 is among the first Part23 aircraft type fully self-developed by Chinese private company, domestically designed and certified GA aircraft in China according to China Daily's news report.

Ultimate load
In engineering, the ultimate load is a statistical figure used in calculations, and should (hopefully) never actually occur. It is used for instance in aerospace engineering, bridge and tunnel construction. This is also commonly used in knowing the properties of metal beams. For example, it is used in experiments such as tensile testing machine (TTM) and universal testing machine (UTM).
Chengdu–Yibin high-speed railway
The Chengdu–Yibin high-speed railway (abbreviated as Chengyi HSR) is a high-speed railway in China. It runs between Chengdu and Yibin via Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. It forms part of the Beijing–Kunming corridor. The section south of Yibin will constitute part of the Chongqing–Kunming high-speed railway, now under construction.

Chongqing–Kunming high-speed railway
The Chongqing–Kunming high-speed railway (Chinese: 渝昆高速铁路) is a high-speed railway line currently under construction in China. The line, which runs from Chongqing West to Kunming South, will be part of the Beijing–Kunming corridor. The line will be 699 kilometres (434 mi) long and have a maximum speed of 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph).

Journey times from Kunming to Chengdu and Chongqing are expected to be around two hours.

Part of the line is the Yiliang tunnel, on the border of Yiliang County and Yanjin County, which would become the longest high-speed railway tunnel built for to a 350 km/h (217 mph) standard.
October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 26

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 7 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 25th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 12.

October 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 11 – Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – October 13

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 25 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 29.
2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal
The 2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal (PSP-N) was a factional dispute amongst the leadership over party control beginning in May and culminating in July, with the faction led by former Deputy Prime Minister Upendra Yadav succeeding over the faction of former First Chairman Mahantha Thakur. The dispute was settled as a result of a decision of the Election Commission, which handed control to Yadav's faction, forcing the departure of the Thakur faction from the PSP-N and requiring the formation of a new party.

Rastriya Janata Party Nepal
The Rastriya Janata Party, Nepal, abbr. RJPN (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय जनता पार्टी, नेपाल,  translation: National People's Party, Nepal) was the fourth-largest political party in Nepal after the Nepali Congress, the Nepal Communist Party and the Samajbadi Party, Nepal. It was formed on 21 April 2017 after the merger of Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, led by the Mahantha Thakur, Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party, led by the Mahendra Raya Yadav, Sadbhavana Party, led by the Rajendra Mahato, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, led by the Anil Kumar Jha, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican), led by Rajkishor Yadav and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party, led by Sharat Singh Bhandari. The party was founded with the ideology of democratic system.

On 22 April 2020, the party merged with Samajbadi Party, Nepal to form Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal.
Reichsgau Niederdonau
The Reichsgau Lower Danube (German: Reichsgau Niederdonau) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany consisting of areas in Lower Austria, Burgenland, southeastern parts of Bohemia, southern parts of Moravia, later expanded with Devín and Petržalka. It existed between 1939 and 1945.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
GE U20C
The GE U20C diesel–electric locomotive was introduced by GE Transportation Systems as an export model in 1964. It was powered by an 8-cylinder 7FDL-8 engine. This locomotive is used worldwide with many variations and modifications. Different engines may be used, e.g. 7FDL8 and 7FDL12. Like the other members of the Universal series, it can be built to suit all track gauges.

Kereta Api Indonesia
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (lit. 'Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited', KAI) is the main state-owned railway operator of Indonesia. KAI provides intercity passenger services directly, while its subsidiaries provide commuter rail services (KAI Commuter), airport link services (KAI Bandara), freight rail services (KAI Logistik), as well as infrastructure maintenance (KAI Services). KAI also operates in other sectors, such as properties management (KAI Properti) and tourism (KAI Wisata). KAI also has indirect control of Whoosh through its ownership of a majority of shares in PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI), another state-owned enterprise of Indonesia.

KAI operates on the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi, with a total of 6,945 kilometres (4,315 mi) of tracks. Also holds track-assets and planned services on Madura Island. In 2024, KAI carried 505 million passengers and 73.5 million tonnes of cargo, earning Rp 36.1 trillion in revenue.