hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lex Trebonia (55 BC)
The Lex Trebonia was a Roman law passed in 55 BC during the second joint consulship of Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompey, as part of their informal political arrangement known as the First Triumvirate. Sponsored by the tribune of the plebs Gaius Trebonius, the legislation granted each outgoing consul an extended five-year proconsular command, similar to the one granted to Julius Caesar for his conquest of Gaul. Crassus received the province of Syria, with the barely disguised intention of launching an invasion of Parthia. Pompey received the provinces of Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, but remained in Rome and conducted his administration through legates.

At the same time, Gaius Julius Caesar's term as governor of the provinces Transalpine Gaul, Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum was extended, hostilities in Gaul having reignited. By law, Caesar could not run for a second consulship until ten years after his first, and he wished not to return to Rome as a private citizen.

Privatus
In Roman law, the Latin adjective privatus makes a legal distinction between that which is "private" and that which is publicus, "public" in the sense of pertaining to the Roman people (populus Romanus).

Used as a substantive, the term privatus refers to a citizen who is not a public official or a member of the military. Increasingly throughout the Middle and Late Republic, the privatus was nevertheless sometimes granted imperium during a crisis; the definition of crisis was elastic, and the amassing of power by unelected individuals (privati) contributed to the breakdown of the checks and balances of the republican system.
Konon Zotov
Konon Nikitich Zotov (Russian: Конон Никитич Зотов) was a Russian rear admiral. He was the son of Nikita Zotov. He was highly valued by Peter the Great. He was also an eminent author of textbooks on shipbuilding and navigation.

Naum Senyavin
Naum Akimovich Senyavin or Sinyavin (Russian: Наум Акимович Сенявин; c. 1680 – June 4 [O.S. May 24] 1738) was Vice Admiral (1727) of the Imperial Russian Navy. He was Russia's first Vice Admiral. He was the father of Alexey Naumovich Senyavin.
Louis Bisson
Louis Bisson, CM, OBE was a Canadian aviator. He was born in 1909 in Hull, Quebec (now Gatineau, Quebec). He died on 19 September 1997.

He flew for the Royal Air Force Ferry Command during World War II.

Louis Bisson received the King's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air on 11 June 1942. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1944. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada on 23 June 1980. He was inducted in the Québec Air and Space Hall of Fame on 21 October 2002.

The Louis Bisson Bridge over the Rivière des Prairies is named after him.

Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air
The Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air, formerly the King's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air, was a merit award for flying service awarded by the United Kingdom between 1942 and 1994. It was replaced by the Queen's Commendation for Bravery in the Air and the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service.
John F. Good
John Francis Good (June 17, 1936 – September 28, 2016) was an American agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) who created the Abscam sting operation in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Abscam led to the arrest and conviction of several elected officials at the local, state, and federal level, including Mayor of Camden, New Jersey Angelo Errichetti and U.S. Senator Harrison A. Williams, using a fictional Arab sheikh seeking political favors as bait. The Abscam story was portrayed in the 2013 film American Hustle; in the movie, Bradley Cooper portrayed a composite character that was based on Good and two other FBI agents who worked on the case during the two-year-long operation.

Angelo Errichetti
Angelo Joseph Errichetti (September 29, 1928 – May 16, 2013) was an American Democratic Party politician who served as Mayor of Camden, New Jersey, and in the New Jersey Senate before being indicted during Abscam.
Josh Coppins
Joshua "Josh" Coppins (born 11 March 1977) is a New Zealand former professional motocross rider. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1993 to 2012. Coppins posted four top three results during his career including a second place in the 2002 250cc motocross world championship and a second place in the MX1 world championship.
He is often regarded as one of the greatest riders that never won a world title.

2007 FIM Motocross World Championship
The 2007 FIM Motocross World Championship was the 51st F.I.M. Motocross Racing World Championship season. In the MX1 class, Steve Ramon took his second world title despite not winning a Grand Prix all season. In the MX2 class Tony Cairoli also won his second world title, while in MX3 Yves Demaria won his third and final world championship.
Tony Friel
Tony Friel (born 4 May 1958) is an English bass guitarist, known for his role in different new wave bands.

He attended Heys Boys Secondary School, where he met Martin Bramah and attained an art O-Level. He and Bramah shared many interests. In the mid-1970s, they were introduced by their friend Barbara Smith to her brother Mark E. Smith and his friend Una Baines. Smith, Baines, Bramah and Friel shared interests in music, and formed their first band, the Fall. Friel remained until December 1977, then he left.

After the Fall, Friel formed a project called Contact and a band called the Passage. In late 1978, he and his former Fall bandmate Karl Burns joined the Teardrops, a group which included Buzzcocks bassist Steve Garvey. They released the Leave Me No Choice EP, and in 1980, the Final Vinyl album, before breaking up.

In subsequent years Friel played with R&B bands. Later he was member of the Woodbank Streetband.

Karl Burns
Karl Burns (born 19 March 1958) is a British musician best known as the drummer for The Fall, featuring in many incarnations of the band between 1977 and 1998.

Although several musicians have rejoined the Fall having previously left or been fired, Burns was reportedly rehired a record nine times. He eventually left for good, alongside longtime bassist Steve Hanley, following an on-stage altercation with group leader Mark E. Smith in New York in April 1998.
Burton Building
The Burton Building is a historic building in Nogales, Arizona. It was built by Edward Burton as a hotel in 1916, and designed in the Chicago school architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 29, 1985.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Cruz County, Arizona
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 53 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 that are also National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 29, 2025.
Stomping Grounds
Stomping Grounds was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw, SmackDown, and 205 Live brand divisions. The event took place on June 23, 2019, at the Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, Washington. It was a one-off event.

Nine matches were contested at the event, including one on the Kickoff pre-show. In the main event, Seth Rollins defeated Baron Corbin in a no countout, no disqualification match to retain Raw's Universal Championship with Lacey Evans as the special guest referee. In other prominent matches, Kofi Kingston defeated Dolph Ziggler in a Steel Cage match to retain SmackDown's WWE Championship, Ricochet defeated Samoa Joe to win Raw's United States Championship, and Roman Reigns defeated Drew McIntyre.

Suplex
A suplex  is an offensive move used in sport wrestling as well as amateur wrestling and professional wrestling. It is a throw that involves lifting the opponents and bridging or rolling to slam them on their backs.

Professional wrestling features many different varieties of suplexes. These are among the most common, but many more exist, particularly as the signature techniques of individual wrestlers.
Gokstad ship
The Gokstad ship is a Viking 9th-century longship found in a burial mound at Gokstad in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway.  It is displayed at the Viking Ship Museum  in Oslo, Norway. It is the largest preserved Viking ship in Norway.

Sandar, Norway
Sandar (or historically Sandeherred) is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 120-square-kilometre (46 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1968. The area is now part of Sandefjord Municipality. The administrative centre was located at Sandar, right by the Sandar Church in what is now the town of Sandefjord.

Sandar was located in the southern, coastal part of Vestfold county. The European route E18 highway and the Vestfoldbanen railway line both passed through the municipality. The municipality encircled the whole town of Sandefjord until 1968 when they were merged.
2003–04 Panonian League season
The 2003–2004 Panonian League season was the second season of the multinational Panonian league. As in the previous season, teams from Hungary, Romania, and Croatia participated. A newcomer, HK Vojvodina from Serbia (then Serbia and Montenegro), participated too. At the end of the season, the playoffs were held. The top two teams in the regular season qualified for the playoffs. The season lasted from October 25, 2003, to February 10, 2004.

The league was abandoned after the season, as the teams from Hungary and Romania went off to form their own new league, the MOL Liga. It would not be until 2007 that the league once again functioned.

HK Vojvodina
Hokejaški Klub Vojvodina is a professional ice hockey team from Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia, founded in 1957. In its history it has won eight national championships. They play their home games at SPENS, located in Novi Sad. The team is part of the Vojvodina Novi Sad sports society.
1934 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1934 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the IX Gran Premio de España) was a Grand Prix motor race, which was run on 23 September 1934 in  Lasarte, Spain.  The race lasted 519.45 km (17.32 km x 30 laps).  It was the 9th running of the Spanish Grand Prix.

Circuito Lasarte
The Circuito Lasarte was an 17.749 km (11.029 mi) Grand Prix motor racing road course at Lasarte-Oria, Gipuzkoa, Spain in the Basque Country near the city of San Sebastián on the Bay of Biscay. The counterclockwise layout was used between 1923 and 1935 but racing ended with the eruption of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and after the war auto racing resumed at new tracks near Barcelona.

The Circuito Lasarte played host to the San Sebastian Grand Prix, Spanish Grand Prix and the 1926 European Grand Prix. No longer operational for auto racing, in 1965 the layout was used for the World Cycling Championship.
Hopf construction
In algebraic topology, the Hopf construction constructs a map from the join  of two spaces  and  to the suspension  of a space  out of a map from  to . It was introduced by Hopf (1935) in the case when  and  are spheres. Whitehead (1942) used it to define the J-homomorphism.

Join (topology)
In topology, a field of mathematics, the join of two topological spaces  and , often denoted by  or , is a topological space formed by taking the disjoint union of the two spaces, and attaching line segments joining every point in  to every point in . The join of a space  with itself is denoted by . The join is defined in slightly different ways in different contexts.
Aluminized cloth
Aluminized cloth is a material designed to reflect thermal radiation. Applications include fire proximity suits, emergency space blankets, protection in molten metal handling, and insulation for building and containers.

Aluminium powder was added to aircraft dope which was then used to give a shiny finish to fabric-covered aircraft, so protecting them from sunlight.  The Hindenburg airship was treated in this way and it has been suggested that the aluminium powder made the skin more combustible and so caused or contributed to the Hindenburg disaster.  This theory is controversial and experiments have been conducted to test the hypothesis.

Fire proximity suit
A fire proximity suit (also, silvers, silver bunker suit, or asbestos suit) is a suit designed to protect a firefighter or volcanologist from extremely high temperatures. They were first designed and used in the 1930s. Originally made of asbestos fabric, current models use vacuum-deposited aluminized materials.
Maria Pinińska-Bereś
Maria Pinińska-Bereś (born 17 August 1931 in Poznań, died 20 April 1999 in Kraków) – was a Polish sculptor and performance artist, creator of installation and environment art. She was part of the artistic community in Kraków, where she lived and worked. Maria Pinińska-Bereś is recognized among pioneers of feminist art.

National Museum in Wrocław
The National Museum in Wrocław (Polish: Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu), established 28 March 1947 and officially inaugurated on 11 July 1948, is one of Poland's main branches of the National Museum system. It holds one of the largest collections of contemporary art in the country.
Neoplan N4016
The Neoplan N4016 was a low-floor single-decker bus built by Neoplan between 1988 and 1999, initially at Stuttgart in Germany and later also in Poland. It is the larger version of the Neoplan N4009 midibus.

In Belarus, Minsk Automobile Plant (MAZ) took contacts with Neoplan in order to produce the MAZ-101, a low-floor bus closely related to the Neoplan N4016. While the MAZ-101 sold poorly, subsequent variants (MAZ-103, MAZ-105 and the three-axle MAZ-107) have been sold to a vast amount of Belarusian, Russian and foreign operators and are still in production today.

Midibus
A midibus is a classification of single-decker minibuses which are generally larger than a traditional minibus but smaller than a full-size single decker and can be anywhere between 8 metres (26 ft 3 in) and 11 metres (36 ft 1 in) long. While used in many parts of the world, the midibus is perhaps most common in the United Kingdom, where operators have found them more economical, and to have a sufficient number of seats compared to full size single-decker buses.

Midibuses are often designed to be lightweight to save on diesel fuel (e.g. smaller wheels than on larger buses), making them not as durable as heavier 'full size' buses. Some midibuses, such as the Scania OmniTown, are heavier and therefore more durable.
In some places such as Hong Kong, some bus routes have to be served by midibuses due to the winding roads along such routes.
2003 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 2003 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 103rd staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

Kerins O'Rahilly's entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Mid Kerry in the quarter-finals.

The final replay was played on 26 October 2003 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between An Ghaeltacht and Laune Rangers. An Ghaeltacht won the match by 0-12 to 2-04 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Mid Kerry's Kieran Foley was the championship's top scorer with 1-22.

1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board.

On 26 May 1889, Laune Rangers won the championship following a 0–06 to 0–03 defeat of Dr. Crokes in the final at the Kerry County Athletic Club grounds.
4th National Film Awards
The 4th National Film Awards, then known as State Awards for Films, presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in the year 1956. Ceremony took place at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on 28 April 1957 and awards were given by then President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

National Film Award for Best Children's Film
The National Film Award for Best Children's Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Golden Lotus (Swarna Kamal).

The award was instituted in 1954, at 1st National Film Awards and awarded annually for children's films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages; Hindi (28 Awards), Bengali and Kannada (7 Awards), Malayalam (6 each), English (5 Awards), Marathi (4 Awards), Tamil, Telugu, Odia and Assamese (1 each).
Open campaign
An open campaign is an activist or civil society campaign with a clear goal and transparent methods. This is contrast to political action planned secretly in closed groups. Open campaigns often seek meaningful involvement in campaign planning from a range of people affected by or interested in the campaign issue. One notable proponent of open campaigning is Greenpeace.

Open campaigns share information about their cause by various methods including social media, videos, public talks, organizing meetings, leaflet and mailing distribution, press releases, petitions. Action taken may include, writing letters to officials, public protest or direct action. The location and timing of a campaign is usually also an important consideration. Transparent fundraising may also be an element of an open campaign.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Tonteldoos
Tonteldoos is a village in the province of Limpopo, South Africa. It is located southeast of Roossenekal and 20 km northwest of Dullstroom, between the Steenkampsberg and Mapochsberg mountains. It is part of the Mapoch (Southern Ndebele people) land seized by poor settlers in 1883 after the Mapoch War against King Nyabêla. Each veteran of the war was granted 8 morgens of the land, while the rest is reserved for communal pasture.

The name most likely came from Samuel Smit naming his plot in October 1883, more likely after the local weed Haplocarpa scaposa (one of several plants popularly known as “tontelbossie”). The velvety back leaf, easily flammable when dry, was used to make tinderboxes at the time, and several species’ leaves are known as “tontel”. Flint can also be found in the area.

Roossenekal
Roossenekal is a town in Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa.

Village on the western slopes of the Steenkampsberg, 95 km north-east of Middelburg. It was proclaimed in January 1886 and named after two soldiers who died in the war against Mapoch's tribe - Stefanus Johannes Roos, Field-Cornet of the Potchefstroom commando, and Frederick Senekal, Commandant of the Rustenburg commando.
Banopticon
The Banopticon (sometimes written as Ban-opticon) is a term coined by Paris School academic Didier Bigo used within an International Political Sociology approach to security studies to describe a situation where profiling technologies are used to determine whom to place under surveillance. The term, which is a portmanteau word consisting of ban and panopticon, takes its name from Michel Foucault's interpretation of the panopticon as used in Discipline and Punish and the notion of ban from international relations to describe a situation where observation is used as a disciplinary tool, namely by creating profiles for people and using databases to determine whether or not a person should be granted the right to move freely. According to Bigo, the banopticon is said to have contributed towards the securitization of migration in Europe.

Didier Bigo
Didier Bigo (born 31 August 1956) is a French academic from Lille and Professor of International Relations at King's College London and at Sciences Po, Paris. He has authored two books, Polices en réseaux. L'expérience européenne (1996) and Pouvoir et obéissance en Centrafrique (1988) and has been the editor for many others.

He co-founded, with R. B. J. Walker, the peer-reviewed academic journal, International Political Sociology and is the director of the French journal, Cultures et Conflits. He is considered one of the leading academics within the Paris School of security studies, and a founding figure of the International Political Sociology research programme.
Virginia Foster Durr
Virginia Foster Durr (August 6, 1903 – February 24, 1999) was an American civil rights activist and lobbyist. She was born in Birmingham, Alabama in 1903 to Dr. Sterling Foster, an Alabama Presbyterian minister, and Ann Patterson Foster. At 22 she married lawyer Clifford Durr, with whom she had 5 children, one of whom died in infancy. Durr was a close friend of Rosa Parks and Eleanor Roosevelt, and was sister-in-law (through her sister's marriage) of Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black, who sat on many crucial civil rights cases.  Her circle of friends extended to Alger Hiss.  She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 2006.

Myles Horton
Myles Falls Horton (July 9, 1905 – January 19, 1990) was an American educator, socialist, and co-founder of the Highlander Folk School, famous for its role in the Civil Rights Movement (Movement leader James Bevel called Horton "The Father of the Civil Rights Movement"). Horton taught and heavily influenced most of the era's leaders. They included Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks (who studied with Horton shortly before her decision to keep her seat on the Montgomery, Alabama, bus in 1955), John Lewis, James Bevel, Bernard Lafayette, and others who would create the Nashville Student Movement, Ralph Abernathy, John B. Thompson, and many others.
Zakonopravilo
The Zakonopravilo (Nomocanon of Saint Sava, Serbian Cyrillic: Номоканон светог Саве, Законоправило or Krmčija (Крмчија)) was the highest code in the Serbian Orthodox Church. It was finished in 1219. This legal act was written in simple language. Its basic purpose was to organize the continuation and functioning of the Serbian Kingdom and the Serbian Church. It was originally printed under the name Rules of Speech (Правила Говора) in Serbian at Raška, Serbia, in two successive issues, one for Wallachia and another for Transylvania (in 1640). It is Serbia's first Serbian-language church-state constitution.

Quinisext Council
The Quinisext Council (Latin: Concilium Quinisextum; Koine Greek: Πενθέκτη Σύνοδος, romanized: Penthékti Sýnodos, literally meaning, Fifth-Sixth Meeting), i.e., the Fifth-Sixth Council, often called the Council in Trullo, Trullan Council, or the Penthekte Synod, was a church council held in 692 at Constantinople under Justinian II.

The synod is known as the "Council in Trullo" because, like the Sixth Ecumenical Council, it was held in a domed hall in the Imperial Palace (τρούλος [troúlos], meaning a cup or dome). Both the Fifth and the Sixth Ecumenical Councils had omitted to draw up disciplinary canons, and as this council was intended to complete both in this respect, it took the name of Quinisext.