hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ottoman raids in Friuli
On four occasions in the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire raided the Patria del Friuli, then part of the Republic of Venice and nowadays north-eastern Italy. The first three raids (1472, 1477, 1478) took place during the First Ottoman–Venetian War. The final raid (1499) occurred during the Second Ottoman–Venetian War. These were overland raids launched as part of the Ottoman wars in Europe.

Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
The First Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice with its allies and the Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1479. Fought shortly after the capture of Constantinople and the remnants of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans, it resulted in the loss of several Venetian holdings in Albania and Greece, most importantly the island of Negroponte (Euboea), which had been a Venetian protectorate for centuries. The war also saw the rapid expansion of the Ottoman navy, which became able to challenge the Venetians and the Knights Hospitaller for supremacy in the Aegean Sea. In the closing years of the war, however, the Republic managed to recoup its losses by the de facto acquisition of the Crusader Kingdom of Cyprus.
Yegor Wagner
Yegor Yegorovich Wagner (sometimes Georg Wagner or Egor Vagner; Russian: Егор Егорович Вагнер; 9 December 1849 – 27 November 1903) was a Russian organic chemist, famous for the discovery of the "Wagner reaction", named after him. Former representative of the Kazan School of Chemistry.

Alexander Butlerov
Alexander Mikhaylovich Butlerov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Бу́тлеров; 15 September 1828 – 17 August 1886) was a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure (1857–1861), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulas, the discoverer of hexamine (1859), the discoverer of formaldehyde (1859) and the discoverer of the formose reaction (1861). He first proposed the idea of possible tetrahedral arrangement of valence bonds in carbon compounds in 1862.

The crater Butlerov on the Moon is named after him. In 1956 the Academy of Sciences of the USSR established the A. M. Butlerov Prize.
Mount Baker Wilderness
Mount Baker Wilderness is a 119,989-acre (48,558 ha) wilderness area within the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest in the western Cascade Range of northern Washington state. Its eastern border is shared with the boundary of the Stephen Mather Wilderness and North Cascades National Park for a distance of 40 miles (65 kilometers). The wilderness extends from State Route 20 north to the Canada–US border. On the west, it is bounded by the foothills of the Puget Sound lowlands.

Almost entirely within Whatcom County, the wilderness lies on the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains. The three forks of the Nooksack River and the Baker River are the major drainages of the wilderness.

Baker River (Washington)
The Baker River (Lushootseed: dxʷqəlb) is an approximately 30-mile (48 km), southward-flowing tributary of the Skagit River in northwestern Washington in the United States. It drains an area of the high North Cascades in the watershed of Puget Sound north of Seattle, and east of Mount Baker. With a watershed of approximately 270 square miles (700 km2) in a complex of deep valleys partially inside North Cascades National Park, it is the last major tributary of the Skagit before the larger river reaches its mouth on Skagit Bay. The river flows through Concrete, Washington, near its mouth and has two hydroelectric dams owned by Puget Sound Energy.
Gmina Trzciel
Gmina Trzciel is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Trzciel, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Międzyrzecz, 54 km (34 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

The gmina covers an area of 177.35 square kilometres (68.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,451.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Pszczew Landscape Park.

Międzyrzecz County
Międzyrzecz County (Polish: Powiat międzyrzecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Międzyrzecz, which lies 48 km (30 mi) south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 68 km (42 mi) north of Zielona Góra. The county also contains the towns of Skwierzyna, lying 19 km (12 mi) north of Międzyrzecz, and Trzciel, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Międzyrzecz.

The county covers an area of 1,387.61 square kilometres (535.76 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 57,851, out of which the population of Międzyrzecz is 17,994, that of Skwierzyna is 9,671, that of Trzciel is 2,391, and the rural population is 27,795.
Latécoère 611
The Latécoère 611 was a French four-engined maritime reconnaissance flying boat of the Second World War. Although only a single prototype was completed, this served throughout the war, being used by both the Vichy French and Free French navies.

Gnome-Rhône 14N
The Gnome-Rhône 14N was a 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine designed and manufactured by Gnome-Rhône just before the start of World War II. A development of the Gnome-Rhône 14K, the 14N was used on several French and even one German aircraft.
2006 UNAF U-17 Tournament
The 2006 UNAF U-17 Tournament was the first edition of the UNAF U-17 Tournament. It was held in Algeria, where it began on March 22 and concluded on March 27. Algeria was crowned champions after a drawing of lots.

UNAF U-17 Tournament
The UNAF U-17 Tournament is the annual international youth football tournament organized by the Union of North African Football (UNAF) for its nations consisting of players under the age of 17. However, the tournament invites teams from other nations.

Egypt are the tournament's current champions after winning the 2024 tournament, while Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia are the most successful nations winning the tournament four times.
Tiger Pep Band at DePauw University
The Tiger Pep Band at DePauw University (TPB) is a student-led, -organized, and -funded ensemble at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana. The band has been recognized several times among the best in collegiate sports, promoting sportsmanship and civility, and has been hailed as "best pep band in Division III athletics
".

DePauw University
DePauw University (/dəˈpɔː/ də-PAW) is a private liberal arts college in Greencastle, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1837 as Indiana Asbury College and changed its name to DePauw University in 1884. The college has a Methodist heritage and was founded to be an ecumenical institution of national stature, "conducted on the most liberal principles, accessible to all religious denominations and designed for the benefit of our citizens in general".

In 2023, DePauw had an enrollment of about 1,800 students. Its residential campus is located 45 miles (72 km) west of Indianapolis and is spread across 175 acres (71 ha) and 36 buildings, with an additional 520-acre (210 ha) DePauw Nature Park.
Carlos Quentin
Carlos José Quentin (born August 28, 1982) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Chicago White Sox and San Diego Padres. In 2008 and 2011, Quentin was selected as an All-Star.

On-base plus slugging
On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging percentage. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of .800 or higher in Major League Baseball puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark.
Academy of American Studies
The Academy of American Studies is a public high school in Long Island City, Queens, New York, which was founded in 1996 by the New York City Board of Education and the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. In June 2022, the school had approximately 1200 students;

The school gives preference to Queens applicants in the admissions process through a priority system, and it is not to be confused with the High School of American Studies at Lehman College, a specialized high school in the Bronx. Academy of American Studies is a semi-screened school, and thus does not require students to take the SHSAT for admission.

The school was moved into a new building in February 2022.

Public Schools Athletic League
The Public Schools Athletic League, known by the abbreviation PSAL, is an organization that promotes student athletics in the public schools of New York City. It was founded in 1903 to provide and maintain a sports program for students enrolled in New York City public schools. It is the oldest and largest sports league in the United States. The PSAL serves both boys and girls. The PSAL holds competitions in a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports in fall, winter and spring seasons. In 2007, the league included 185 schools involving nearly 2,400 teams.

During the 2014–15 school year, the PSAL distributed approximately $27 million to fund over 45,000 student-athletes at hundreds of New York City schools.
Eugene McGuigan
Eugene McGuigan, C.S.Sp. was the first athletic director of Duquesne University, serving in that capacity from 1920 until 1923. Known on campus as "Father Mac," McGuigan also coached baseball, football, and basketball.

Congregation of the Holy Spirit
The Congregation of the Holy Spirit (officially the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary; Latin: Congregatio Sancti Spiritus sub tutela Immaculati Cordis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae) is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church. Members are often known as Holy Ghost Fathers or, in continental Europe and the Anglosphere, as Spiritans, and members use the postnominals CSSp.
Shuvu Bonim
Shuvu Bonim (also Yeshivat Breslov—Nechamat Tzion) is a yeshiva in the Old City of Jerusalem with 1,500 students. It was founded in 1978 in Bnei Brak by Rabbi Eliezer Berland, a convicted sex offender and fraudster who is still the rosh yeshiva. The yeshiva was declared a cult by The Israeli Center for Cult Victims in 2018.

It is a Breslov yeshiva based on the teachings of Nachman of Breslov. About 30 percent of the student body is affiliated with the Haredi or national–religious communities.
In 1980, an additional branch was opened in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. In 1982 the two branches merged into a single institution with the Bnei Brak yeshiva moving to Jerusalem.

It runs ten kollels, three yeshivot for young men, a Talmud Torah, an elementary school for girls, a range of preschools and kindergartens, youth groups, and evening lectures for women.

The relation with other Breslov branches during the New Year pilgrimage to Uman, Ukraine, has been tense.

Uman
Uman (Ukrainian: Умань, IPA: [ˈumɐnʲ] ⓘ, Polish: Humań, Yiddish: אומאַן) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. It is located to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the east of the historical region of Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River. Uman serves as the administrative center of Uman Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Uman urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 81,525 (2022 estimate).

Among Ukrainians, Uman is known for its mention in Taras Shevchenko's longest poem, Haidamaky ("The Haidamaks", 1841). The city is also a pilgrimage site for Breslov Hasidic Jews and a major center of gardening research containing the dendrological park Sofiyivka and the University of Gardening.

Uman (Humań) was a privately owned city of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
John Franklin Henry
John Franklin Henry was a preacher, farmer, and state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Madison County, Mississippi in the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1884 and 1885.

He was born in Mississippi.

He was lampooned as wanting to exempt Madison County from all laws he does not consider fit.

He served with Samuel W. Lewis in the House and state senator George Harvey as the state senator from Madison County.

Samuel W. Lewis (politician)
Samuel W. Lewis (born c. 1845) was a Canadian-born American schoolteacher and state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Madison County, Mississippi in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1884-1885.

He was born in Canada circa 1845 and arrived in the U.S. around 1868 and naturalized as a U.S. citizen September 14, 1876. He had a wife called Ida and they had three children. He was a Republican.

He and other “colored” House members made vigorous protest of accusation of corruption against them from the Watchman newspaper.

He was chairman of the Republican Executive Committee for the Seventh District.
General Intelligence Service (Syria)
The General Intelligence Service (Arabic: جهاز المخابرات العامة Jihāz al-Mukhābarāt al-‘Āmmā), also known as the General Intelligence Agency is the national intelligence agency of Syria, responsible for providing national security intelligence, both domestically and internationally. It was established on 26 December 2024 by the Syrian transitional government, succeeding the Ba'athist regime's General Intelligence Directorate.

Syrian General Intelligence Branch 251
'Syrian General Intelligence Directorate (GID) Branch 251 (Arabic: إدارة المخابرات العامة الفرع الداخلي (251)), also known as internal branch or Al-Khatib branch, was the unit of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate under the Assad regime concerned with internal security. It has been responsible for security in the Damascus region. Branch 251 operates Al-Khatib prison, a detention and torture center located in the Muhajreen neighborhood in central Damascus.

Anwar Raslan, the former Syrian colonel who was convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life in prison in Germany, commanded a unit in Branch 251.
Got Live If You Want It! (EP)
Got Live If You Want It! (stylized on the front cover as got LIVE if you want it!) is a six-track, four-song extended play (EP) release by the Rolling Stones featuring live recordings from 1965. The title is a pun on the swamp blues song "I Got Love If You Want It" by Slim Harpo; the Stones recorded his "I'm a King Bee" for their 1964 debut album. Got Live If You Want It! reached number one in the UK and was the group's last EP.

Although not issued in the US, three of its songs were included on albums released there by London Records in 1965: "I'm Alright" on Out of Our Heads; and "Route 66" and "I'm Moving On" on December's Children (And Everybody's). With different tracks mostly recorded in 1966, London used the title for a live album released in December 1966.

December's Children (And Everybody's)
December's Children (And Everybody's) is the fifth American studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in December 1965. It is primarily compiled from different released tracks from across the band's recording career up to that point, including the UK version of Out of Our Heads. Bassist Bill Wyman quotes Jagger in 1968 calling the record "[not] an album, it's just a collection of songs". Accordingly, it is only briefly detailed in Wyman's otherwise exhaustive book Rolling with the Stones. It features their then-recent transatlantic hit single "Get Off of My Cloud", as well as their own remake of Marianne Faithfull's Jagger/Richards-penned hit "As Tears Go By", which was released as the album's second single in the US.
Budd Peak (Enderby Land)
Budd Peak is a peak 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Mount Berrigan and 23 miles (37 km) west-southwest of Stor Hanakken Mountain in Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1957, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for W. Budd, glaciologist at Wilkes Station in 1961.

Enderby Land
Enderby Land is a projecting landmass of Antarctica. Its shore extends from Shinnan Glacier at about 67°55′S 44°38′E﻿ / ﻿67.917°S 44.633°E﻿ / -67.917; 44.633 to William Scoresby Bay at 67°24′S 59°34′E﻿ / ﻿67.400°S 59.567°E﻿ / -67.400; 59.567, approximately 1⁄24 of the earth's longitude. It was first documented in western and eastern literature in February 1831 by John Biscoe aboard the whaling brig Tula, and named after the Enderby Brothers of London, the ship's owners who encouraged their captains to combine exploration with sealing.
Isokon Flats
Isokon Flats, also known as Lawn Road Flats and the Isokon building, on Lawn Road, Belsize Park in the London Borough of Camden, is a reinforced-concrete block of 36 flats (originally 32), designed by Canadian engineer Wells Coates for Molly and Jack Pritchard.

Belsize Park
Belsize Park is a residential area of Hampstead in the London Borough of Camden, in the inner north-west of London, England.

The streets are lined with Georgian and Victorian villas and mews houses. Some nearby localities are Hampstead village to the north and west, Camden Town to the south-east and Primrose Hill to the south.
There are restaurants, pubs, cafés, and independent boutiques in Belsize Village, and on Haverstock Hill and England's Lane. Hampstead Heath is close by, and Primrose Hill park is a five-minute walk from England's Lane.

Belsize Park is in the Hampstead and Highgate constituency whose present MP is Tulip Siddiq.
The Punisher War Zone (1992 series)
The Punisher War Zone is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics about the vigilante The Punisher. The series was written and drawn by several artists during its run. The series lasted for 41 issues. It was the first series of The Punisher War Zone title history and lasted from 1992 to 1995. The vast majority of the series was written by Chuck Dixon. Besides John Romita Jr. who worked a lot on the series, several other artists painted the covers, among them Rainier "Rain" Beredo, John Buscema and Joe Kubert.

The Punisher War Zone
The Punisher War Zone or Punisher War Zone is a comic book spin-off title featuring the Punisher, a fictional character published by Marvel Comics. The 2008 Marvel film, Punisher: War Zone was loosely based on the series.
Zhang Guoqing
Zhang Guoqing (Chinese: 张国清; pinyin: Zhāng Guóqīng; born 13 August 1964) is a Chinese politician and former corporate executive who has served as vice premier of China since March 2023 and a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party since October 2022.

Previously, Zhang served as the mayor of Tianjin, one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China. An economics doctorate from Tsinghua University, Zhang had previously served as the Party Secretary of Liaoning, mayor of Chongqing, the chief executive of North Industries, a military contractor.

Mayor of Tianjin
The mayor of Tianjin, officially the Mayor of the Tianjin Municipal People's Government, is the head of Tianjin Municipality and leader of the Tianjin Municipal People's Government.

The mayor is elected by the Tianjin Municipal People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The mayor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the municipal government. The mayor is assisted by an executive vice mayor as well as several vice mayors. The mayor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The mayor the second-highest ranking official in the city after the secretary of the CCP Tianjin Committee. The current mayor is Zhang Gong, who took office on 30 December 2021.
GRT Group
GRT Group was a bus operating company in the United Kingdom from 1989 until 1995. It was formed when Grampian Regional Transport (GRT) was privatised. It went on to purchase a number of bus companies in England and Scotland. In April 1994, GRT Group was listed on the stock exchange, and in June 1995 merged with Badgerline to form FirstBus.

Scottish Bus Group
The Scottish Bus Group (SBG) was a state-owned group of bus operators covering the whole of mainland Scotland.

The origin of the grouping was the operators owned by and including the Scottish Motor Traction company, which were transferred to Scottish Omnibuses after nationalisation in 1948 under control of the British Transport Commission. Highland Omnibuses was added to the group in 1952.

A new holding company, Scottish Omnibuses Group (Holdings) was formed in 1961, and this was renamed Scottish Bus Group in 1963. Meanwhile, the group had come under control of the Transport Holding Company in 1962 when the British Transport Commission was wound up. It went on to become part of the Scottish Transport Group on 1 January 1969 along with David MacBrayne. At the time it operated 4,700 buses.
Flint Dille
Flint Dille (/ˈdɪli/; born 1955) is an American screenwriter, game designer and novelist. He is best known for his animated work on Transformers, G.I. Joe, An American Tail: Fievel Goes West, and his game-writing, The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay, and Dead to Rights, as well as a non-fiction book written with John Zuur Platten, The Ultimate Guide to Video Game Writing and Design.

Mister T (TV series)
Mister T is an American animated series that aired on NBC on Saturday morning from 1983 to 1985, featuring the popular actor Mr. T. A total of 30 episodes were produced during all three seasons, with the thirteen episodes for Season 1, eleven for Season 2, and six episodes for the third and final season. The series was produced by Ruby-Spears Enterprises.

Reruns were later seen on the USA Cartoon Express in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and more recently as part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim late-night programming block and sibling network, Boomerang that airs classic cartoons from the Hanna-Barbera, pre-1991 Ruby-Spears, Turner and classic Warner animated libraries. This is also Phil LaMarr's first role.
HFCL
HFCL Limited is an Indian technology company which designs, develops, manufactures telecommunications equipment, fibre-optic cables and other related electronics.

The company is based in Gurugram and listed on both the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). It serves various industries, such as telecommunications, security and railways, textiles, Cable fibre.

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
Jean Delay
Jean Delay (14 November 1907, Bayonne – 29 May 1987, Paris) was a French psychiatrist, neurologist, writer, and a member of the Académie française (Chair 17).

His assistant Pierre Deniker conducted a test of chlorpromazine on the male mental ward where Delay worked, and the two published their findings (quickly, with what has been called academic gamesmanship) in 1952. Chlorpromazine turned out to be the first effective drug treatment for mental illness and it had a profound effect on the mentally ill and mental asylums.

In 1968–1970, student revolutionaries attacked his offices, and Delay was forced into retirement from medicine. In later life, he lived as a writer.

Pierre Janet
Pierre Marie Félix Janet (/ʒɑːˈneɪ/; French: [ʒanɛ]; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.

He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology. He was the first to introduce the link between past experiences  and present-day disturbances and was noted for his studies involving induced somnambulism.