hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pennfield Charter Township, Michigan
Pennfield Charter Township is a charter township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 8,781 at the 2020 census. It contains part of the census-designated place of Brownlee Park.

Charter township
A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. While all townships in Michigan are organized governments, a charter township has been granted a charter, which allows it certain rights and responsibilities of home rule that are generally intermediate between those of a city (a semi-autonomous jurisdiction in Michigan) and a village. Unless it is a home-rule village, a village is subject to the authority of any township in which it is located.

Of Michigan's 1,240 townships, 143 are charter townships. A number of charter townships are among the most populous municipalities in Michigan. For example, Clinton Township and Canton Township, both in Metro Detroit, were respectively the 8th and 9th most populous municipalities in Michigan at the 2020 census. The most recent township to become a charter township is Brady Township in Kalamazoo County, which adopted charter status on January 3, 2024.
2017 Atlantic 10 men's soccer tournament
The 2017 Atlantic 10 men's soccer tournament, was the 20th edition of the Atlantic 10 Men's Soccer Tournament. It determined the Atlantic 10 Conference's automatic berth into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship.

UMass won their third ever A-10 title, and their first in 10 years, defeating VCU 3-1 in the final. VCU reached the championship for a third-consecutive season.

The tournament was hosted by the University of Dayton and all matches from the semifinals onward will be contested at Baujan Field.

2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament (also known as the 2017 College Cup) was the 59th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I men's collegiate soccer. The first, second, third, and quarterfinal rounds were held at college campus sites across the United States during November and December 2017, with host sites determined by seeding and record. The four-team College Cup finals were played at Talen Energy Stadium in Chester, Pennsylvania on December 8 and 10.

The Stanford Cardinal defended their 2016 title by defeating Indiana in golden goal overtime, 1–0, to claim the 2017 championship.
North Aston
North Aston is a village and civil parish about 7+1⁄2 miles (12 km) south of Banbury and 10 miles (16 km) north of Oxford. The 2001 Census recorded its population as 212. The 2011 Census did not publish its population separately, but gave a combined total of 316 for the parishes of North Aston and Middle Aston.  The village is on a ridge about 460 feet (140 m) above sea level. The parish measures almost 2 miles (3 km) wide east – west and about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) north – south. It is bounded to the east by the River Cherwell, and to the north by a stream that flows east to join the Cherwell. The A4260 road linking Oxford and Banbury forms part of its western boundary. Field boundaries form the southern boundary and the remainder of the western boundary. In 1983 the parish covered an area of 1,288 acres (521 ha).

Banbury
Banbury is an historic market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. The parish had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the Jacobs Douwe Egberts factory which was previously the world's largest coffee-producing facility, built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes, a spiced sweet pastry.

Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of London, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of Birmingham, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of Coventry and 22 miles (35 km) north-northwest of Oxford.
Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's 5000 metres
The women's 5000 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2019 Pan American Games took place the 9 August at the 2019 Pan American Games Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion was Juliana Paula dos Santos from Brazil.

Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's 5000 metres
The women's 5000 metres sprint competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 21 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Marisol Romero of Mexico.
Rivière-à-Pierre
Rivière-à-Pierre (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ a pjɛʁ]) is a municipality of the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Canada. This area of the Laurentian Mountains is part of the Batiscanie and has more than 200 lakes. The village of Rivière-à-Pierre was developed on each side of the river that bears its name. Rivière-à-Pierre is the second largest municipality in the Portneuf RCM in terms of area.

The Rivière-à-Pierre railway station, located in the village is served by Via Rail.

Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier
Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t katʁin də la ʒak kaʁtje]) is a town in Quebec, Canada, located in the regional county municipality of La Jacques-Cartier, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale. The Jacques-Cartier River passes through the city.

Local attractions include bicycle paths, the Anne-Hébert Social and Cultural Centre, the Ice Hotel and the Duchesnay Inn. The city also has a youth centre and an elementary school with three buildings.

The city is named after Catherine Nau de La Boissière et de Fossambault, a noblewoman of New France.
Ultra-high-purity steam for oxidation and annealing
Ultra-high-purity steam, also called the  clean steam, UHP steam or high purity water vapor, is used in a variety of industrial manufacturing processes that require oxidation or annealing. These processes include the growth of oxide layers on silicon wafers for the semiconductor industry, originally described by the Deal-Grove model, and for the formation of passivation layers used to improve the light capture ability of crystalline photovoltaic cells. Several methods and technologies can be employed to generate ultra high purity steam, including pyrolysis, bubbling, direct liquid injection, and purified steam generation. The level of purity, or the relative lack of contamination, affects the quality of the oxide layer or annealed surface. The method of delivery affects growth rate, uniformity, and electrical performance. Oxidation and annealing are common steps in the manufacture of such devices as microelectronics and solar cells.

Wafer (electronics)
In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells.

The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon the wafer. It undergoes many microfabrication processes, such as doping, ion implantation, etching, thin-film deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. Finally, the individual microcircuits are separated by wafer dicing and packaged as an integrated circuit.
Flag of Quindío Department
The Flag of the Department of Quindío, Colombia, is a tricolour featuring three vertical bands of green, yellow, and purple. It was designed by Solita Lozano de Goméz, who also designed the Coat of arms of the Department of Quindío.

Triband (flag)
A triband is a vexillological style which consists of three stripes arranged to form a flag. These stripes may be two or three colours, and may be charged with an emblem in the middle stripe. Not all tribands are tricolour flags, which requires three unique colours.
New Zealand House of Representatives committees
Committees of the New Zealand House of Representatives are subsets of the New Zealand House of Representatives which deal with specific tasks delegated to them by the House. The functions of committees include scrutinising draft legislation (bills), conducting inquiries into subjects within their expertise, receiving public comment on matters before them, and overseeing the operation of the public service (including, for some committees, the operation of Parliament).

Most parliamentary committees are composed of between five and twelve members of Parliament. These are known as select committees. In addition, a committee of the whole House, comprising all members, conducts detailed scrutiny of draft legislation. For more information, see New Zealand House of Representatives committees § Committee of the whole House.

Reading (legislature)
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.

In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. Legislative bodies in the United States also have readings.

The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed.
CD Los Boliches
Club Deportivo Los Boliches was a Spanish football team based in Fuengirola, Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1973, it was dissolved in 2001 after a merger with UD Fuengirola, thus becoming UD Fuengirola Los Boliches.

Fuengirola
Fuengirola (pronounced [fweŋxiˈɾola]) is a city on the Costa del Sol in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located on the central coast of the province and integrated into the region of the Costa del Sol and the Commonwealth of Municipalities of the Costa del Sol Occidental.

It is a major tourist resort, with  more than 8 km (5 mi) of beaches and a medieval Moorish fortress. In common with much of this coast, it has been the subject of considerable urban development.

The area has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with annual average temperatures of 18 °C (65 °F) and average summer temperatures of over 30 °C (86 °F).
Gesher (archaeological site)
Gesher is an archaeological site located on the southern bank of Nahal Tavor, near kibbutz Gesher in the central Jordan Valley of Israel. It bears signs of occupation from two periods, the very early Neolithic and the Middle Bronze Age. The site was first excavated between 1986 and 1987 by Yosef Garfinkel of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and between 2002 and 2004 by Susan Cohen of Montana State University. The average of 4 radiocarbon dating results suggested inhabitation of the settlement around 8000 BC.

Khiamian culture
The Khiamian culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southwest Asia, dating to the earliest part of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA), around 9700 to 8600 BC. It is primarily characterised by a distinctive type of stone arrowhead—the "El Khiam point"—first found at the type site of El Khiam.
Mercedes-Benz EQS
The Mercedes-Benz EQS (V297) is a battery electric full-size luxury liftback car produced by German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz Group. It was released in September 2021 in Germany and the fourth quarter of 2021 in the United States. As a battery-electric vehicle, it is part of the Mercedes-Benz EQ family.

Liftback
The marketing term liftback describes a hatchback car body style with a rear cargo door, where the overall roof line and rear cargo door are sloped more like that of sedans or coupe — as compared to the more vertical rear cargo door of a more utilitarian hatchback or wagon. A liftback may include fold-down rear seats for increased cargo capacity, providing increased cargo flexibility vs. a conventional sedan or coupe.
St Botolph's Church, Slapton
The Church of St Botolph's, Slapton, also referred to as Slapton, St Botolph, is the ancient parish church of the village of Slapton near Towcester in West Northamptonshire, United Kingdom. Constructed sometime around the late 12th and early 13th centuries the church is notable for its almost complete surviving set of late medieval wall paintings, widely considered the finest in Northamptonshire. The interior was described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "memorably intimate". The church is designated as a Grade I listed building.

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire is one of two unitary authority areas in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It contains the county town of Northampton, as well as the towns of Daventry, Brackley and Towcester, and the large villages of Brixworth and Long Buckby; the rest of the area is predominantly agricultural villages though it has many lakes and small woodlands.

West Northamptonshire was created in 2021 as part of local government restructuring from the previous non-metropolitan districts of Northampton, Daventry and South Northamptonshire.

The West Coast Main Line and the M1 and M40 motorways pass through the district, and it includes the site of the Roman town of Bannaventa and the grade I listed Althorp House and its estate.
Esperanto phonology
Esperanto is a constructed, international auxiliary language designed to have a simple phonology. It was created by L. L. Zamenhof, who described Esperanto pronunciation by comparing the sounds of Esperanto with the sounds of several major European languages.

With over a century of use, Esperanto has developed a phonological norm, including accepted details of phonetics, phonotactics, and intonation, so that it is now possible to speak of proper Esperanto pronunciation and of properly formed words independently of the languages originally used to describe it. This norm accepts only minor allophonic variation.

Sonorant
In phonetics and phonology, a sonorant or resonant is a speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; these are the manners of articulation that are most often voiced in the world's languages. Vowels are sonorants, as are semivowels like [j] and [w], nasals like [m] and [n], and liquids (laterals and rhotics) like [l] and [r]. This set of sounds contrasts with the obstruents (stops, affricates and fricatives).

For some authors, only the term resonant is used with this broader meaning, while sonorant is restricted to the consonantal subset—that is, nasals and liquids only, not vocoids (vowels and semivowels).
My Son, the Folk Singer
My Son, the Folk Singer is the debut studio album by American satirist musician Allan Sherman, released by Warner Bros. Records in 1962. On the album sleeve, the title appears directly below the words "Allan Sherman's mother presents".

The album, recorded before a live audience, is filled with reference to Jewish culture and in-jokes. His second album followed suit. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year (other than classical) at the 5th Annual Grammy Awards.

Frère Jacques
"Frère Jacques" (/ˌfrɛərə ˈʒɑːkə/ FRAIR-ə ZHAH-kə, French: [fʁɛʁ(ə) ʒak(ə)]), also known in English as "Brother John", is a nursery rhyme of French origin. The rhyme is traditionally sung in a round.

The song is about a friar who has overslept and is urged to wake up and sound the bell for the matins, the midnight or very early morning prayers for which a friar would be expected to be awake.
1982 Cologne Cup
The 1982 Cologne Cup, also known as the Cologne Grand Prix, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Sporthalle in Cologne, West Germany that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 25 October through 31 October 1982. Fourth-seeded Kevin Curren won the singles title.

1982 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1982 Volvo Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC). On 30 April 1981 World Championship Tennis (WCT) announced its withdrawal from the Grand Prix circuit, which it had been incorporated into since 1978, and the re-establishment of its own tour calendar for the 1982 season. To counter the threat of player leaving the Grand Prix tour for the WCT the MIPTC introduced a mandatory commitment to play at least 10 Grand Prix Super Series tournaments.
Fordson
Fordson was a brand name of tractors and trucks. It was used on a range of mass-produced general-purpose tractors manufactured by Henry Ford & Son Inc from 1917 to 1920, by Ford Motor Company (U.S.) and Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1920 to 1928, and by Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) alone from 1929 to 1964. The latter (Ford of Britain) also later built trucks and vans under the Fordson brand.

After 1964, the Fordson name was dropped and all Ford tractors were simply badged as Fords in both the UK and the US.

Ignition magneto
An ignition magneto (also called a high-tension magneto) is an older type of ignition system used in spark-ignition engines (such as petrol engines). It uses a magneto and a transformer to make pulses of high voltage for the spark plugs. The older term "high-tension" means "high-voltage".
George Weyerhaeuser kidnapping
The kidnapping of nine-year-old George Weyerhaeuser occurred in 1935 in Tacoma, Washington, United States. The son of prominent lumberman J. P. Weyerhaeuser, George was successfully released for ransom and eventually succeeded his father as the chairman of the Weyerhaeuser company. The four participants in the kidnapping were apprehended and sentenced to prison terms totaling 135 years.

Weyerhaeuser
The Weyerhaeuser Company (/ˈwɛərhaʊzər/ WAIR-how-zər) is an American timberland company which owns approximately 10,400,000 acres (16,200 sq mi; 42,000 km2) of timberlands in the U.S., and manages an additional 14,000,000 acres (22,000 sq mi; 57,000 km2) of timberlands under long-term licenses in Canada. The company has manufactured wood products for over a century. It operates as a real estate investment trust (REIT).
Meath West
Meath West is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Dáil constituencies
There are 43 multi-member electoral districts, known as Dáil constituencies, to elect 174 TDs to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, Ireland's parliament, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV), to a maximum term of five years. The configuration of constituencies was amended by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2023, which were in operation for the 2024 general election.
Ultra-high temperature ceramic
Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a type of refractory ceramics that can withstand extremely high temperatures without degrading, often above 2,000 °C. They also often have high thermal conductivities and are highly resistant to thermal shock, meaning they can withstand sudden and extreme changes in temperature without cracking or breaking. Chemically, they are usually borides, carbides, nitrides, and oxides of early transition metals.

UHTCs are used in various high-temperature applications, such as heat shields for spacecraft, furnace linings, hypersonic aircraft components and nuclear reactor components. They can be fabricated through various methods, including hot pressing, spark plasma sintering, and chemical vapor deposition. Despite their advantages, UHTCs also have some limitations, such as their brittleness and difficulty in machining. However, ongoing research is focused on improving the processing techniques and mechanical properties of UHTCs.

Boric acid
Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3. It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate, trihydroxidoboron or boracic acid. It is usually encountered as colorless crystals or a white powder, that dissolves in water, and occurs in nature as the mineral sassolite.   It is a weak acid that yields various borate anions and salts, and can react with alcohols to form borate esters.

Boric acid is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other boron compounds.

The term "boric acid" is also used generically for any oxyacid of boron, such as metaboric acid HBO2 and tetraboric acid H2B4O7.
Cecil Patterson (bishop)
Christianity portal

Cecil John Patterson CBE CMG CFR (9 January 1908 – 11 April 1992) was an Anglican bishop in the mid part of the 20th century.

He was born in London, educated at St Paul's and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He trained for ordination at Bishops' College, Cheshunt and was ordained deacon in 1931 and priest in 1932. He was a Curate at Holy Innocents, Kingsbury (1931–34) and then a Missionary in south Nigeria before his appointment to the episcopate as Assistant Bishop (1942) then Bishop on the Niger (1945). He was ordained and consecrated a bishop by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral, on Candlemas (2 February) 1942. In 1961 he became Archbishop of the Church of the Province of West Africa.

He retired in 1969 and his grave is in Richmond Cemetery. He had become a Doctor of Divinity (DD).

Bishops' College, Cheshunt
Christianity portal

Bishops' College, Cheshunt was an Anglican theological College set up to train clergy to serve in the Church of England. It was housed in buildings formerly used by a non-conformist college that moved to Cambridge in 1905. It operated from 1909 until 1968. Since then, they have been used as local government buildings. Its principal from 1955 to 1963 was John Trillo.
Samoan Conservative Progressive Party
The Samoan Conservative Progressive Party (SCPP) was a political party in Samoa. The party was established in June 1995 by Leota Itu'au Ale, former deputy leader of the Samoan National Development Party after a disagreement over the party's leadership. The SCPP supported the incumbent Human Rights Protection Party government.

Samoan National Development Party
The Samoan National Development Party (SNDP) was a political party in Samoa, and the country's main opposition party between 1988 and 2003.

The party was formed from a merger of the Christian Democratic Party and Samoa National Party in April 1988. At the 1991 election the party won 17 of 47 seats, and party leader Tupua Tamasese Efi lost his seat. They won 13 seats at the 1996 election. At the 2001 election the party won 23.5% of popular votes and 13 out of 49 seats.

In 2003 the party merged with the Samoan United Independents Political Party to form the Samoan Democratic United Party, which replaced it as the main opposition party of Samoa. At the time of the merger, the party was led by Le Mamea Ropati.