hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
People of Assam
The People of Assam inhabit a multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious society. They speak languages that belong to four main language groups: Tibeto-Burman, Indo-Aryan, Tai-Kadai, and Austroasiatic. The large number of ethnic and linguistic groups, the population composition, and the peopling process in the state has led to it being called an "India in miniature".

The peopling of Assam was understood in terms of racial types based on physical features, types that were drawn by colonial administrator Risley. These classifications are now considered to have little validity, and they yield inconsistent results; the current understanding is based on ethnolinguistic groups and in consonance with genetic studies.

Dima Hasao district
Dima Hasao district (/ˈdɪmə həˈsaʊ/), is an administrative district in the state of Assam, India. As of 2011, it is the least populous district of Assam.

Dima Hasao district is one of two autonomous hill districts of Assam. The district headquarters Haflong is the only hill station in the state.
Central Berwyn Bungalow Historic District
The Central Berwyn Bungalow Historic District is a residential historic district in Berwyn, Illinois. The district includes 1,358 contributing buildings, 1,109 of which are brick Chicago bungalows and another 156 of which are bungalows in other styles. The homes were built between 1900 and 1949, with the majority of them being built in the mid-1920s. Tens of thousands of bungalows were built in the Chicago area in the early twentieth century, as their affordability made them popular with the working class. Many of Berwyn's bungalows were purchased by Czech Americans, who moved to Berwyn in great numbers in the 1920s and accounted for 25% of the city's population by 1930. While bungalows typically had uniform designs, they were distinguished by their entrances, porches, and roofs, and nearly every possible variation on those features can be found in the district.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 18, 2015.

Berwyn, Illinois
Berwyn (/ˈbɜːrwɪn/) is a suburban city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is coterminous with Berwyn Township, which was formed in 1908 after breaking off from Cicero Township. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 57,250. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.
Verviers
Verviers (French pronunciation: [vɛʁvje] ⓘ; Walloon: Vervî) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ensival, Heusy, Lambermont, Petit-Rechain, Stembert, and Verviers. It is also the center of an agglomeration that includes Dison and Pepinster, making it the second biggest in the province and an important regional center, located roughly halfway between Liège and the German border.

Water has played an important role in the town's economy, notably in the development first of its textile and later its tourist industries. As a result, many fountains have been built in Verviers, leading it to be named Wallonia's "Water Capital". The seats of the two Walloon public institutions for water distribution and water treatment are located in the town.

Dison
Dison (French pronunciation: [dizɔ̃]; Walloon: Dizon) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

On January 1, 2006, Dison had a total population of 14,243. The total area is 14.01 km2 which gives a population density of 1,017 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Andrimont and  Dison.
Thasang Rural Municipality
Thasang Rural Municipality (Nepali: थासाङ गाउँपालिका, romanized: Thāsāṅa gā'um̐pālikā) is a Gaunpalika, or rural municipality, in Mustang district in Gandaki Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, in which Village Development Committees were replaced by municipal and Village Councils. Thasang is one of these 753 local units.

Gandaki Province
Gandaki Province (Nepali: गण्डकी  प्रदेश, romanized: Gaṇḍakī pradēśa ([ɡʌɳɖʌki]) Listenⓘ) is one of the seven federal provinces established by the current constitution of Nepal which was promulgated on 20 September 2015. Pokhara is the province's capital city. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region in Southwestern China to the north, Bagmati Province to the east, Karnali Province to the west, and Lumbini Province and Bihar in India to the south. The total area of the province is 21,504 km2 (8,303 sq mi), constituting 14.57% of Nepal's total area. According to the 2021 census, the population of the province was 2,479,745. The newly elected Provincial Assembly adopted Gandaki Province as the permanent name, replacing its initial name Province No. 4 on 27 April 2023. Surendra Raj Pandey is the present chief minister of Gandaki Province.
Linomide
Linomide (Roquinimex) is a quinoline derivative immunostimulant which increases NK cell activity and macrophage cytotoxicity. It also inhibits angiogenesis and reduces the secretion of TNF alpha.

Linomide has been investigated as a treatment for some cancers (including as adjuvant therapy after bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia) and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and recent-onset type I diabetes. Several trials have been terminated due to serious cardiovascular toxicity.

Immunostimulant
Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system usually in a non-specific manner by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example is the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The goal of this stimulated immune response is usually to help the body have a stronger immune system response in order to improve outcomes in the case of an infection or cancer malignancy. There is also some evidence that immunostimulants may be useful to help decrease severe acute illness related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or acute infections in the lungs.
Are You Smarter than a 10 Year Old? (New Zealand game show)
Are You Smarter than a 10 Year Old? is a New Zealand game show hosted by Dominic Bowden. It was produced for broadcast on TV2 by Eyeworks Touchdown, based on the American game show Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?.  The first series premiered on 11 September 2007.

Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?
Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is a game show franchise that was co-created and produced by Mark Burnett, Barry Poznick and John Stevens. Adult contestants answer questions, as if they came from an elementary grade school quiz. The original American version debuted on the Fox Broadcasting network on February 27, 2007, with host Jeff Foxworthy, airing on Fox until 2009, as a syndicated TV series, between 2009 and 2011, and then revived on Fox in 2015, and again on Nickelodeon in 2019, with new host, John Cena. The Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? format, has since been replicated in several other countries, some versions under the same title, and some under modified ones.

In 2013, the show appeared in TV Guide's list of the 60 greatest game shows ever.
Sri Lankan cricket team in the West Indies in 1997
The Sri Lanka national cricket team toured the West Indies in June 1997 to play 2 Test matches and 1 Limited Overs Internationals. This was the first time Sri Lanka had played a Test match in the West Indies. Both series were won by the West Indies. Sri Lanka were captained by Arjuna Ranatunga; the West Indies by Courtney Walsh.

Courtney Walsh
Courtney Andrew Walsh OJ (born 30 October 1962) is a Jamaican former cricketer who represented the West Indies from 1984 to 2001, captaining the team in 22 Test matches. He played as a fast bowler and is considered one of the all-time greats, best known for his opening bowling partnership with fellow West Indian Curtly Ambrose for several years. Walsh played 132 Tests and 205 ODIs for the West Indies and took 519 and 227 wickets respectively. He shared 421 Test wickets with Ambrose in 49 matches. He held the record of most Test wickets from 2000, after he broke the record of Kapil Dev. This record was later broken in 2004 by Shane Warne. He was the first bowler to reach 500 wickets in Test cricket. His autobiography is entitled "Heart of the Lion". Walsh was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1987. In October 2010, he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. He was appointed as the Specialist Bowling Coach of Bangladesh Cricket Team in August 2016.
Apostolic Chancery
The Apostolic Chancery (Latin: Cancellaria Apostolica; also known as the "Papal" or "Roman Chanc(ell)ery") was a dicastery of the Roman Curia at the service of the pope. The principal and presiding official was the Grand Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, who was always the cardinal-priest of the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso. The  principal function of the office was to collect money to maintain the Papal army and to produce documents and correspondence for the pope. Pope Pius VII reformed the office when Emperor Napoleon I of France obviated the need for Papal armies. In the early 20th century the office collected money for missionary work. Pope Paul VI abolished the Apostolic Chancellary on 27 February 1973, transferring its functions to the Secretariat of State.

College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals (Latin: Collegium Cardinalium), also called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. As of 19 February 2026, there are 244 cardinals, of whom 121 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Appointed by the pope, cardinals serve for life, but become ineligible to participate in a papal conclave if they turn 80 before a papal vacancy occurs.

Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the Early Middle Ages, the size of the body has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils ratified by the pope, and the college itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900, nearly half of whom were created after 1655. This number excludes possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty.
1985 VFA season
The 1985 Victorian Football Association season was the 104th season of the top division of the Australian rules football competition, and the 25th season of second division competition. The Division 1 premiership was won by the Sandringham Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 22 September by six points; it was Sandringham's third Division 1 premiership, and its first since 1962. The Division 2 premiership was won by Brunswick; it was the club's third Division 2 premiership, and the last premiership in either division ever won by the club.

Williamstown Football Club
The Williamstown Football Club, nicknamed the Seagulls, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown. The club currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and VFL Women's (VFLW) competitions.
Prescott Commons
Prescott Commons is a historic building on the campus of Rocky Mountain College in Billings, Montana. It was designed in the Tudor Revival style by Wallace H. Comstock, and built in 1915–1916 thanks in part to a donation from Amos L. Prescott, a financier from New York. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 30, 1982.

Rocky Mountain College
Rocky Mountain College (Rocky or RMC) is a private college in Billings, Montana, United States. As of 2023, the college had 991 students. RMC is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the United Church of Christ.
WRVQ
WRVQ (94.5 FM "Q94") is a commercial radio station licensed to Richmond, Virginia, and serving Greater Richmond Region. WRVQ is owned and operated by Audacy, Inc. It airs a contemporary hit radio format. The syndicated Elvis Duran show from former sister station WHTZ in New York City is heard in morning drive time. The studios and offices are located just north of Richmond city limits on Basie Road in unincorporated Henrico County, Virginia.

WRVQ's transmitter is on WRVA Road in Henrico, co-located with the towers for sister station WRVA 1140 AM. WRVQ has an unusually high effective radiated power (ERP) of 200,000 watts. It broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format. The HD2 digital subchannel carries the sports radio programming of sister station WRNL 910 AM.

WHTZ
WHTZ (100.3 MHz) is a commercial contemporary hit radio station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, and broadcasting to the New York metropolitan area. It is owned by iHeartMedia. WHTZ is the flagship station for Elvis Duran and the Morning Show. WHTZ's studios are located at 125 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan, while the station's transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.

In addition to a standard analog transmission, WHTZ broadcasts in the HD Radio format, and streams online via iHeartRadio. From 2001 to June 18, 2020, the station was additionally simulcast on SiriusXM satellite radio channel 12; the station remained available on its streaming service until 2022.
JRD Tata
Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (29 July 1904 – 29 November 1993) was a French-born Indian industrialist, philanthropist, aviator and former chairman of Tata Group.

Born into the Tata family of India, he was the son of noted businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his wife Suzanne Brière. He is best known for being the founder of several industries under the Tata Group, including Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors, Titan Industries, Tata Salt, Voltas and Air India. In 1982, he was awarded the French Legion of Honour and in 1955 and 1992, he received two of India's highest civilian awards: the Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna. These honours were bestowed on him for his contributions to Indian industry.

Louis Blériot
Louis Charles Joseph Blériot (/ˈblɛrioʊ/ BLERR-ee-oh, also US: /ˈbleɪrioʊ, ˌbleɪriˈoʊ, blɛərˈjoʊ/ BLAY-ree-oh, -⁠OH, blair-YOH, French: [lwi ʃaʁl ʒozɛf bleʁjo]; 1 July 1872 – 1 August 1936) was a French aviator, inventor, and engineer. He developed the first practical headlamp for cars and established a profitable business manufacturing them, using much of the money he made to finance his attempts to build a successful aircraft. Blériot was the first to use the combination of hand-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control as used to the present day to operate the aircraft control surfaces. Blériot was also the first to make a working, powered, piloted monoplane. In 1909 he became world-famous for making the first aeroplane flight across the English Channel, winning the prize of £1,000 (worth £152,113 in 2025) offered by the Daily Mail newspaper. He was the founder of Blériot Aéronautique, a successful aircraft manufacturing company.
Prabhakar Jog
Prabhakar Jog (25 December 1932 — 31 October 2021) was a noted Indian violinist, music director and composer, who worked in Hindi and Marathi film industry. His critically acclaimed works were the Geet Ramayana series with Sudhir Phadke. He was also known for his stage shows, notably Swar Aale Duruni, Gaanare Violin and Gata Rahe Mera Violin.

Sudhir Phadke
Sudhir Phadke (pronunciationⓘborn  Ram Phadke;  25 July 1919 – 29 July 2002) was an Indian singer -composer.  He is regarded as an icon of the Marathi film industry  and  Marathi Sugam Sangeet  with a legacy spanning five decades. Apart from Marathi, Phadke sang and composed songs in several       Hindi  films as well. He was popularly known as Babuji.
Gmina Zaręby Kościelne
Gmina Zaręby Kościelne is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Zaręby Kościelne, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Ostrów Mazowiecka and 97 km (60 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 88.9 square kilometres (34.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,844 (3,796 in 2013).

Ostrów County, Masovian Voivodeship
Ostrów County (Polish: powiat ostrowski) is a county in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. Its seat is located in the town of Ostrów Mazowiecka, with the only other town of the county being Brok. The county was established on 1 January 1999, and historically existed from 1919 to 1939 in the Białystok Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic, and in 1939, in the Warsaw Voivodeship.

The county covers an area of 1,218.06 square kilometres (470.3 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 72,558, out of which the population of Ostrów Mazowiecka is 22,489, that of Brok is 1,941, and the rural population is 48,128.
Pleuroloba costellaris
Pleuroloba costellaris, previously known as Ophicardelus costellaris, is a species of small air-breathing land snail or salt marsh snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Ellobiidae.

Ellobiidae
Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata. Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Maliau Falls
Maliau Falls is best known for its seven tiers falls. It is the largest of all the waterfalls known in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area in Tongod District, Sabah, Malaysia. Takob Akob waterfall and Giluk waterfall are located in the same area.

Tongod District, Malaysia
The Tongod District (Malay: Daerah Tongod) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Sandakan Division which includes the districts of Beluran, Kinabatangan, Sandakan, Telupid and Tongod. The capital of the district is in Tongod Town.
Cap Gemini SDM
Cap Gemini SDM, or SDM2 (System Development Methodology) is a software development method developed by the software company Pandata in the Netherlands in 1970. The method is a waterfall model divided in seven phases that have a clear start and end. Each phase delivers subproducts, called milestones. It was used extensively in the Netherlands for ICT projects in the 1980s and 1990s. Pandata was purchased by the Capgemini group in the 1980s, and the last version of SDM to be published in English was SDM2 (6th edition) in 1991 by Cap Gemini Publishing BV. The method was regularly taught and distributed among Capgemini consultants and customers, until the waterfall method slowly went out of fashion in the wake of more iterative extreme programming methods such as Rapid application development, Rational Unified Process and Agile software development.

Rapid application development
Rapid application development (RAD), also called rapid application building (RAB), is both a general term for adaptive software development approaches, and the name for James Martin's method of rapid development. In general, RAD approaches to software development put less emphasis on planning and more emphasis on an adaptive process. Prototypes are often used in addition to or sometimes even instead of design specifications.

RAD is especially well suited for (although not limited to) developing software that is driven by user interface requirements. Graphical user interface builders are often called rapid application development tools. Other approaches to rapid development include the adaptive, agile, spiral, and unified models.
Louis Philippe (brand)
Louis Philippe is a premium brand of men's apparel originating from India. It is a subsidiary of Madura Fashion & Lifestyle. It is a division of the Indian conglomerate Aditya Birla Group, and was founded in 1989. Named after Louis Philippe, King of France from 1830 to 1848, the brand is one of the largest apparel brands in India, as of 2018.

Aditya Birla Group
Aditya Birla Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. The group's business interests include metals, cement, fashion and retail, financial services, renewables, fibre, textiles, chemicals, real estate, trading, mining, and entertainment. The group has a presence in 42 countries and a combined annual revenue of US$70 billion, over 50% of which is derived from its overseas operations.

Aditya Birla Group has seven companies that are listed publicly, and their total market capitalisation as of March 2024 is over $100 billion. Notable group companies include UltraTech Cement, Hindalco, Novelis, Grasim, Aditya Birla Capital, Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail and Vodafone Idea.
Pin grid array
A pin grid array (PGA) is a type of integrated circuit packaging. In a PGA, the package is square or rectangular, and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the package. The pins are commonly spaced 2.54 mm (0.1") apart, and may or may not cover the entire underside of the package. 1.27 mm (0.05") is commonly used with higher pin count PGAs.

PGAs are often mounted on printed circuit boards using the through hole method or inserted into a socket. PGAs allow for more pins per integrated circuit than older packages, such as dual in-line package (DIP).

Through-hole technology
In electronics, through-hole technology (also spelled "thru-hole") is a manufacturing scheme in which leads on the components are inserted through holes drilled in printed circuit boards (PCB) and soldered to pads on the opposite side, either by manual assembly (hand placement) or by the use of automated insertion mount machines.
Neso Kofun Cluster
Neso Kofun cluster (根曽古墳群)  is a group of late Kofun period  burial mounds, located in the Neso, Mitsushima-cho neighborhood of the city of Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture in the Kyushu region of Japan. The tumuli were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1976.

Tsushima, Nagasaki
Tsushima (対馬市, Tsushima-shi) is an island city grouped in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the only city of Tsushima Subprefecture and it encompasses all of Tsushima Island, which lies in the Tsushima Strait north of Nagasaki on the western side of Kyushu, the southernmost mainland island of Japan. As of March 2017, the city has an estimated population of 31,550 and a population density of 45 persons per km2. Its total area is 708.61 km2, 17.3% of the area of Nagasaki Prefecture.
Slow-growing hierarchy
In computability theory, computational complexity theory and proof theory, the slow-growing hierarchy is an ordinal-indexed family of slowly increasing functions gα: N → N (where N is the set of natural numbers, {0, 1, ...}). It contrasts with the fast-growing hierarchy.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.