hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann"
SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann" was a special SS unit established by a decree of the Senate of the Free City of Danzig on 3 July 1939, based on the local 36th SS Regiment. The unit was commanded by SS-Obersturmbannführer Kurt Eimann, after whom it was named.

During the early months of the German occupation, SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann" committed numerous atrocities against the population of Gdańsk Pomerania, including the execution of the defenders of the Polish Post Office in Danzig and participation in mass executions in the Piaśnica forests. The unit played a key role in the liquidation of psychiatric hospital patients in Pomerania and the Third Reich. Additionally, it formed the initial staff of the Stutthof concentration camp.

Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
The Defence of the Polish Post Office in Gdańsk (Danzig) was one of the first acts of World War II in Europe, as part of the September Campaign.: 39, 42  On 1 September 1939 the Invasion of Poland was initiated by Germany when the battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire on the Polish-controlled harbor of Danzig, around 04:45. Danzig paramilitaries and police, supported by Germany, immediately joined the offensive to take full control of the city, by capturing the Polish post office. Polish personnel defended the building for some 15 hours against assaults by the SS Heimwehr Danzig (SS Danzig Home Defence), local SA formations and special units of Danzig police. All but four of the defenders, who were able to escape from the building during the surrender, were sentenced to death by a German court martial as illegal combatants on 5 October 1939, and executed (the judgement was later acknowledged as judicial murder).
2009 Kremlin Cup
The 2009 Kremlin Cup was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the Kremlin Cup, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2009 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Series of the 2009 WTA Tour. It was held at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 17 October through 25 October 2009.

Kremlin Cup
The Kremlin Cup (Russian: Кубок Кремля, romanized: Kubok Kremlya) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts, which has been suspended indefinitely since 2022. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour and was a Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour. It was held annually at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia from 1990 to 2018. In 2019, the Olympic Stadium underwent a reconstruction lasting two years. The 2019 edition of the tournament was held at the Ice Palace Krylatskoye. In 2021, the Kremlin Cup was played at the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace and the Luzhniki Palace of Sports.

Until 2007, it was held on a carpet surface. It was then held on RuKortHard surface until 2015. Since 2016 the tournament has been held on TPSurface.

In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) suspended the tournament indefinitely.
European Construction Technology Platform
The European Construction Technology Platform (ETCP) is a European Seventh Framework Programme initiative to improve the competitive situation of the European Union in the field of construction.

The programme is a joint initiative (Public-Private Partnership) of the European Commission, representing the European Communities, and the industry. The main objective of the program is to produce a Strategic Research Agenda. The initiative was launched on 12 July 2004.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
Durant Brooks
Durant Stiles Brooks (born April 15, 1985) is an American former professional football punter who played in the National Football League (NFL). Brooks played college football for the Georgia Military Bulldogs and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, where he won the Ray Guy Award in 2007. He was selected by Washington Redskins in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL draft.

Brooks also was a member of the Green Bay Packers, Philadelphia Eagles and Jacksonville Jaguars.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Alaisiagae
In Romano-British culture and Germanic polytheism, the Alaisiagae deae /ˌæliəˈsaɪəˌdʒiː/ were Germanic goddesses who deified victory, or, in an alternative interpretation, embodied justice. Their names — possibly meaning the "all‑respected" or "all‑feared" (from Proto West-Germanic *all- + *aizō- "honour, fear") — were mentioned in connection with the syncretic Romano-Celtic god of justice Mars Thincsus or Thingsus, who is commonly associated with the Germanic god *Tīwaz (Old Norse: Týr).

Housesteads Roman Fort
55°00′47″N 2°19′52″W﻿ / ﻿55.013°N 2.331°W﻿ / 55.013; -2.331

Housesteads Roman Fort was an auxiliary fort on Hadrian's Wall, at Housesteads, Northumberland, England. It is dramatically positioned on the end of the 1-mile (1.6 km)-long crag of the Whin Sill over which the Wall runs, overlooking sparsely populated hills.

It was called the "grandest station" on the Wall and is one of the best-preserved and extensively displayed forts. It was occupied for almost 300 years. It was located 5.3 miles (8.5 km) west from Carrawburgh fort, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Great Chesters fort and about 2-mile (3.2 km) north east of the existing fort at Vindolanda on the Stanegate road.

The site is now owned by the National Trust and is currently in the care of English Heritage. Finds from the fort can be seen in the site museum, in the museum at Chesters, and in the Great North Museum: Hancock in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Wesley College, Melbourne
Wesley College is a co-educational, open-entry private school in Melbourne, Australia. Established in 1866, the college is the only school in Victoria to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) from early childhood to Year 12.

The college consists of three main metropolitan campuses in Melbourne, St Kilda Road, Glen Waverley and Elsternwick, residential/boarding facilities (Glen Waverley), three outdoor education sites (Mallana, Chum Creek, & Lochend), a year 9 residential learning campus in Clunes and the Yiramalay/Wesley Studio School (Yiramalay) in the Kimberley Region.

Wesley was the first registered school in Australia and is a founding member of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS). It is affiliated with the Independent Primary School Heads of Australia, the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria, the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

Victorian Certificate of Education
The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is the credential available to secondary school students who successfully complete year 10, 11 and 12 in the Australian state of Victoria as well as in some international schools in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Study for the VCE is usually completed over three years, but can be spread over a longer period in some cases.

The VCE was established as a pilot project in 1987. The earlier Higher School Certificate (HSC) was abolished in Victoria, Australia in 1992.

Delivery of the VCE Vocational Major, an "applied learning" program within the VCE, began in 2023.
Inertia Creeps
"Inertia Creeps" is a song by English electronic music band Massive Attack, released on 19 October 1998. It was the fourth and final single released off their third album, Mezzanine (1998). It is the least commercially successful of the four singles released from Mezzanine, charting only on the New Zealand Singles Chart at No. 16, but it has been noted as one of the best singles from the album.

Andrew Vowles
Andrew Lee Isaac Vowles, also known as Mushroom, is an English musician, known for being a founding member of the trip hop/abstract art collective Massive Attack, along with Robert Del Naja (3D), Adrian Thaws (Tricky)
and Grantley Marshall (Daddy G).
Kulik (crater)
Kulik is a lunar impact crater that lies on the northern hemisphere of the Moon's far side. The outer rim of this crater has been heavily impacted, particularly along the northern side which is almost entirely overlain by a pair of smaller craters. The southern inner wall is also marked by a cluster of small impacts, and there are small craters across the western rim and notching the eastern inner wall. The interior floor is nearly featureless, but a small central peak rises near the midpoint.

This crater lies about a crater diameter to the south of the crater Stoletov, and due west of the large Fowler. To the west is Schneller.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Kulik was called Crater 80.

Schneller (crater)
Schneller is a lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. It is located in the northern latitudes to the southwest of the crater Woltjer. This is a heavily worn and eroded crater that has a somewhat uneven rim with outward bulges to the southeast and northeast. The rim is nearly non-existent along the northwestern side. The interior of this crater is relatively featureless, with only a few small, indistinct craterlets.

The crater was formally named by the IAU in 1970 after German astronomer Herbert Schneller.
Oluf Reed-Olsen
Oluf Bernhard Reed-Olsen (8 July 1918 – 14 October 2002) was a Norwegian resistance member and pilot during World War II. As a resistance member he is best known for the Lysaker Bridge sabotage as well as operating illegal radio transmitters. After the war he was a businessman and Scouting leader. He wrote books and contributed to a film based on his war experience.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Plain bearing
A plain bearing, or more commonly sliding contact bearing and slide bearing (in railroading sometimes called a solid bearing, journal bearing, or friction bearing), is the simplest type of bearing, comprising only a bearing surface and no rolling elements. Therefore, the part of the shaft in contact with the bearing slides over the bearing surface. The simplest example of a plain bearing is a shaft rotating in a hole. A simple linear bearing can be a pair of flat surfaces designed to allow motion; e.g., a drawer and the slides it rests on or the ways on the bed of a lathe.

Plain bearings, in general, are the least expensive type of bearing. They are also compact and lightweight, and they have a high load-carrying capacity.

Oilite
Oilite is a brand of self-lubricating bearing that is made from metal alloys with pores that channel lubricants between the bearing itself and the shaft. It is manufactured from different types of material. Traditional Oilite is mostly made of copper with approximately 10% tin and up to 1% iron, while both Super Oilite and Super Oilite 16 are primarily made of iron with about 20% copper and, in the case of the latter, up to 1% graphite. Oilite is currently a registered trademark of Beemer Precision, Inc.
Mylius Prize
The Premio Mylius was an Italian prize for painting. It was established by the Austrian industrialist Heinrich Mylius in 1841 and awarded by the Accademia di Brera in Milan,: 17  which at that time was under Habsburg rule. In 1856 there were two types of award, an annual prize of 700 Austrian lire for a painting in oils, and a biennial award of 1000 lire for fresco work.: 155  It was awarded until the outbreak of the Second World War.: 29

Among the recipients of the award were Salvatore Mazza (1856), Pietro Michis (1868), Vespasiano Bignami (1869), Giovanni Battista Ferrari (1870), Filippo Carcano (1878), Giovanni Beltrami, (1884) Amerino Cagnoni (1886), Francesco Filippini (1890), Egidio Riva (1902), Donato Frisia (1920) and Trento Longaretti (1939).: 29

Brera Academy
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (lit. 'Academy of fine arts of Brera'), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy.  It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
Trinity House
Trinity House, founded by Royal Charter in 1514, is the General lighthouse authority for England, Wales, the Channel Islands, and Gibraltar. It maintains navigational aids such as lightvessels and buoys, as well as communications services and pilotage for ships in the North Sea. These are financed by dues levied on commercial vessels calling at ports in the British Isles.

In addition, Trinity operates a registered charity, which provides welfare services for retired seamen, education, and promoting safety at sea. Funding for this is generated separately.

Helipad
A helipad is the landing area of a heliport, in use by helicopters, powered lift, and vertical lift aircraft to land on surface.

While helicopters and powered lift aircraft are able to operate on a variety of relatively flat surfaces, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked hard surface away from obstacles where such aircraft can land safely.

Larger helipads, intended for use by helicopters and other vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, may be called vertiports. An example is Vertiport Chicago, which opened in 2015.
Vladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh (Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Мономахъ, romanized: Volodiměrŭ Monomakhŭ; Christian name: Basil (Васи́лий); 26 May 1053 – 19 May 1125) was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1113 to 1125. Prince Monomakh distinguished himself in 83 large-scale campaigns into Polovtsian lands (Cumania), which made Polovtsians (Cumans) and their Khans fear him. He is considered a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is commemorated on May 6, along with 122 other saints of Ukraine and Russia as well as Saint Andrew.  He is not to be confused with Saint Vladimir the Great.

Grand Prince of Kiev
The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes also Grand Duke) was the title of the monarch of Kievan Rus', residing in Kiev (modern Kyiv) from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kiev became an appanage principality, first of the grand prince of Vladimir and the Mongol Golden Horde governors, and was later taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Rus' chronicles such as the Primary Chronicle are inconsistent in applying the title "grand prince" to various princes of Kievan Rus'. Although most sources consistently attribute it to the prince of Kiev, there is no agreement which princes were also "grand prince", and scholars have thus come up with different lists of grand princes of Kiev.
Gmina Niedźwiedź
Gmina Niedźwiedź is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Niedźwiedź, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Limanowa and 51 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 74.44 square kilometres (28.7 sq mi) and as of 2006, its total population is 6,757.

Limanowa County
Limanowa County (Polish: powiat limanowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Limanowa, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The only other town in the county is Mszana Dolna, lying 27 km (17 mi) west of Limanowa.The county is divided between Gorals in the territories of gmina Mszana Dolna and gmina Niedziewiedź and Lachs in the rest of the territory.

The county covers an area of 951.96 square kilometres (367.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 121,804, out of which the population of Limanowa is 15,157, that of Mszana Dolna is 7,944, and the rural population is 108,628.
Olivia Salamanca
Olivia Salamanca (1 July 1889 – 11 July 1913) was a Filipino physician who trained in the United States at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and was the second female physician from the Philippines. She died from tuberculosis at the age of 24.

Cavite City
Cavite City, officially the City of Cavite (Chavacano: Ciudad de Cavite; Filipino: Lungsod ng Kabite) is a component city in the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 98,673 people.

The city was the capital of Cavite Province from its establishment in 1614 until the title was transferred to the newly created, more accessible city of Trece Martires in 1954. Cavite City was originally a small port town, Cavite Puerto, that prospered during the early Spanish colonial period, when it served as the main seaport of Manila. Cavite Puerto hosted the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, along with other large sea-bound ships. Thereafter, San Roque and La Caridad, two formerly independent towns in Cavite province, were annexed by the city. Today, Cavite City includes the communities of San Antonio (Cañacao and Sangley Point), the southern districts of Santa Cruz and Dalahican, and the outlying islands of the province, such as the historic Corregidor Island.
Topological derivative
The topological derivative is, conceptually, a derivative of a shape functional with respect to infinitesimal changes in its topology, such as adding an infinitesimal hole or crack. When used in higher dimensions than one, the term topological gradient is also used to name the first-order term of the topological asymptotic expansion, dealing only with infinitesimal singular domain perturbations. It has applications in shape optimization, topology optimization, image processing and mechanical modeling.

Inpainting
Inpainting is a conservation process where damaged, deteriorated, or missing parts of an artwork are filled in to present a complete image. This process is commonly used in image restoration. It can be applied to both physical and digital art mediums such as oil or acrylic paintings, chemical photographic prints, sculptures, or digital images and video.

With its roots in physical artwork, such as painting and sculpture, traditional inpainting is performed by a trained art conservator who has carefully studied the artwork to determine the mediums and techniques used in the piece, potential risks of treatments, and ethical appropriateness of treatment.
Larry Elgart
Lawrence Joseph Elgart (March 20, 1922 – August 29, 2017) was an American jazz bandleader. With his brother Les, he recorded "Bandstand Boogie", the theme to the long-running dance show American Bandstand.

MGM Records
MGM Records was a record label founded by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1946 for the purpose of releasing soundtrack recordings (later LP albums) of their musical films. It transitioned into a pop music label that continued into the 1970s. The company also released soundtrack albums of the music for some of their non-musical films as well, and on rare occasions, cast albums of off-Broadway musicals such as The Fantasticks and the 1954 revival of The Threepenny Opera. In one instance, MGM Records released the highly successful soundtrack album of a film made by another studio, Columbia Pictures's Born Free (1966).
Alumni Hall (University of Pittsburgh)
Alumni Hall at the University of Pittsburgh is a  Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark that was formerly known as the Masonic Temple in Pittsburgh. Constructed in 1914–1915, it was designed by renowned architect Benno Janssen of Janssen & Abbot Architects. Other buildings in Pittsburgh's Oakland Cultural District designed by Janssen include the Pittsburgh Athletic Association, Mellon Institute, and Pitt's Eberly Hall (which was known as Alumni Hall prior to 1998).

The building's design is that of a classical temple with a well-defined base, midsection and ornamental terra cotta pediment, topped with a clay tile roof. The structure is steel, clad primarily in limestone with terra cotta details.  The rear elevation is brick.

Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation
The Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation (PHLF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1964 to support the preservation of historic buildings and neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

In 1966, PHLF established the Revolving Fund for Preservation with a $100,000 grant from the Sarah Scaife Foundation. PHLF used the grant to purchase, restore and renovate historic inner-city properties primarily in the North Side and South Side neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, which were rented or sold to low- and moderate-income families.
Stretford and Humphrey Park
Stretford and Humphrey Park is an electoral ward of on Trafford Council, Trafford, Greater Manchester, covering Stretford town centre. Created in 2023 following changes to the boundaries of the electoral wards, the ward incorporates the former Stretford ward and the Humphrey Park area from the Urmston ward.

Trafford Council
Trafford Council, or Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2019. It is based at Trafford Town Hall in Stretford.