hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augarchaeota
"Augarchaeota" (previously "Aigarchaeota") is an archaeal phylum of which the main representative is "Candidatus Caldiarchaeum subterraneum". It is not yet clear if this represents a new phylum or a Nitrososphaeria class, since the genome of "Ca. Caldiarchaeum subterraneum" encodes several Nitrososphaeria-like features. The name "Aigarchaeota" comes from the Greek αυγή, avgí, meaning "dawn" or "aurora", for the intermediate features of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic life during the evolution of its lineage. The prefix Aig was found to be a misspelling, and corrected to Aug, thereby the new name "Augarchaeota".

Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus (abbreviated Ca.; Latin for 'candidate of Roman office') is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.
Neurocomputational speech processing
Neurocomputational speech processing is computer-simulation of speech production and speech perception by referring to the natural neuronal processes of speech production and speech perception, as they occur in the human nervous system (central nervous system and peripheral nervous system). This topic is based on neuroscience and computational neuroscience.

Motor goal
A motor goal is a neurally planned motor outcome that is used to organize motor control.

Motor goals are experimentally shown to exist since planned movements can when disrupted adjust to achieve their planned outcome. If, for example, a person makes a movement of their hand to touch or grasp something and unexpected their arm is pushed – their brain automatically reorganizes the movement so it so achieves its intended aim. This also occurs if an arm is perturbed which results in an automatic correction that enables it to fulfill its planned spatial-temporal target. If a lip articulating a consonant is knocked, the vocal apparatus makes a target related correction of movement. Spoken words are sequences of motor movements organized around motor targets. The motor cortex is involved in such compensatory adjustment of speech articulation.
4-Hydroxy-5-methoxytryptamine
4-Hydroxy-5-methoxytryptamine (4-HO-5-MeO-T) is a serotonergic neurotoxin of the tryptamine family. It is structurally related to the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). The drug is also a monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Its analogue 4,5-dihydroxytryptamine (4,5-DHT) is also a serotonergic neurotoxin. Rapid auto-oxidation of 4-HO-5-MeO-T and 4,5-DHT prevents them from being used as serotonergic neurotoxins in scientific research.

Monoamine reuptake inhibitor
A monoamine reuptake inhibitor (MRI) is a drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor of one or more of the three major monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by blocking the action of one or more of the respective monoamine transporters (MATs), which include the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT). This in turn results in an increase in the synaptic concentrations of one or more of these neurotransmitters and therefore an increase in monoaminergic neurotransmission.
Deeg
Deeg is a historical city in the Deeg district of the Indian state of eastern Rajasthan. It is renowned for its architectural heritage, including palaces, forts, gardens, and fountains. Historically, Deeg became the first capital of the Hindu Jats of Bharatpur. It played a significant role in the region's political and cultural development due to its proximity to Agra. Later, Maharaja Suraj Mal ordered the construction of multiple buildings and landmarks in Deeg, as well as the renovation of the Deeg Palace, the only Hindu-style palace in North India.

Bharatpur, Rajasthan
Bharatpur is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan, 189 km (117 mi) south of India's capital, New Delhi, 184 km (114 mi) from Rajasthan's capital Jaipur, 56 km (35 mi) west of Agra of Uttar Pradesh and 36 km (22 mi) from Mathura of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Bharatpur District and the headquarters of Bharatpur Division of Rajasthan State. Bharatpur is part of National Capital Region of India. The city was the capital of the Bharatpur State. It became a municipal corporation with 65 wards in 2014.
Camilo Haddad (São Paulo Metro)
Camilo Haddad is a monorail station of São Paulo Metro. Belongs to Line 15-Silver, which is actually in expansion, and should go to Cidade Tiradentes, with connection with Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente. It is placed in Av. Prof. Luis Inácio de Anhaia Mello, next to Rua Camilo Haddad. Because of the small demand (about 5,000 passengers per day), this station would be named by the press as mini-station.

It was opened by the Government of the State of São Paulo on April 6, 2018.

Vila Prudente (São Paulo Metro)
Vila Prudente is a station on Line 2-Green and Line 15-Silver of the São Paulo Metro and is the terminus. There are plans to integrate the station with Expresso Tiradentes Line 2 (a bus rapid transit system). The Vila Prudente Bus Terminal is also nearby.
Westcombe Park
Westcombe Park is a largely residential area in Blackheath in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, South East London, England. It is bounded by the main London-Dartford railway line to the north, the Blackwall Tunnel southern approach to the east, Blackheath to the south and a road, Vanbrugh Hill, to the west (named after the architect and playwright Sir John Vanbrugh who built his house Vanbrugh Castle nearby in Maze Hill).

Westcombe Park largely comprises the northern half of the Blackheath Westcombe ward of the Royal Borough of Greenwich, which in 2011 had a population of 12,875.

Westcombe is a topographical place name, derived from Combe, a common old English word for 'valley', often formed into a compound name - in this case with the adjective 'West'.

Sidcup
Sidcup is an area of south-east London, England, primarily in the London Borough of Bexley. It is 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south-east of Charing Cross, bordering the London Boroughs of Bromley and Greenwich. It was part of Kent prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965.

The name is thought to be derived from Cetecopp meaning "seat-shaped or flat-topped hill"; it had its earliest recorded use in 1254.

According to the ONS, as of 2021, the population of Sidcup is 15,400 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Wadham, Knowstone
The manor of Wadham in the parish of Knowstone in north Devon and the nearby manors of Chenudestane and Chenuestan (more anciently known as Cnudstone and Cnuston with the possible meaning "Canutestone") are listed in the Domesday Book of 1086: "Ulf holds Wadeham. He himself held it in the time of King Edward" ('The Confessor').

Samuel Lysons suggested in his Magna Britannia that Ulf may have been an ancestor to the Wadhams.

'Wadeham' was the earliest recorded residence of the prominent Wadham (originally de Wadham) family, which ended in the senior male line in the person of Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609) of Merryfield, Ilton in Somerset and Edge, Branscombe in Devon, co-founder of Wadham College, Oxford, founded largely after his death, by his wife Dorothy Wadham (died 1618).

William Pole (antiquary)
Sir William Pole (1561–1635) of Colcombe House in the parish of Colyton, and formerly of Shute House in the parish of Shute (adjoining Colcombe), both in Devon, was an English country gentleman and landowner, a colonial investor, Member of Parliament and, most notably, a historian and antiquarian of the County of Devon.
August 2024 Deir al-Balah attacks
On 17 August 2024, the Israel Defense Forces conducted a series of military attacks on az-Zawayda in Deir al-Balah and in the Nuseirat refugee camp, killing at least 34 people including a family of fifteen. The military strikes and civilian deaths were conducted shortly following the conclusion of ceasefire negotiations in Qatar between Hamas and Israel, mediated by the United States.

Deir al-Balah Governorate
The Deir al-Balah Governorate (Arabic: محافظة دير البلح Muḥāfaẓat Dayr al Balaḥ), also referred to as Central Gaza Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الوسطى) is one of 16 Governorates of Palestine in the central Gaza Strip which is administered by Hamas aside from its border with Israel, airspace, and maritime territory. Its total land area consists of 56 sq. kilometers. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in mid-year 2022 it had a population of 310,820 inhabitants distributed between eight localities.
Kosmos 2388
Kosmos 2388 (Russian: Космос 2388 meaning Cosmos 2388) was a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 2002 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2388 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 22:06 UTC on 1 April 2002. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2002-017A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 27409.

It stopped undertaking maneuvers to remain in its orbital position in November 2006 and re-entered the atmosphere on 14 September 2011.

Oko
Oko (Old Russian: Око, lit. 'Eye') is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. Since November 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
Stocksbridge
Stocksbridge is a town and civil parish, it is encircled to the north and east by the southern edge of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, although since 1974 it lies within the borders of the City of Sheffield, in South Yorkshire, England. The town is approximately 9 miles (14 km) from Barnsley and 10 miles (16 km) from Sheffield.

Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies just to the east of the Peak District. The town is located in the steep-sided valley of the Little Don River, below the Underbank Reservoir. It blends into the areas of Deepcar, Bolsterstone and the eastern end of Ewden valley around Ewden village, which are also within the civil parish. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 13,455.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
Venice missile launch complex
The Venice missile launch complex was a Cold War Regulus missile firing installation "adjacent to the Venice Municipal Airport" on the Venice, Florida, beach.  Beginning in 1959, KD2U-1 drone versions of the U.S. Navy's Regulus were JATO-launched from the strip of beach in front of the airport, flew across the Gulf of Mexico for simulating a penetrating enemy bomber for test interception, and then were "recovered on the runway at Eglin" AFB.  The launch complex was one of several Eglin missile range facilities (e.g., the Anclote Missile Tracking Annex near Tampa) and conducted the "Regulus 2, KD2U intercept missile test [on] September 3, 1959" in which the "first launch of the Air Force's new Bomarc IM-99A missile [successfully intercepted] the Regulus 2 missile at 35,000 feet altitude and at supersonic speed" (the Bomarc launch complex was at tbd after "BOMARC missiles arrived Jul 1958" at Hurlburt Field.)

Hurlburt Field
Hurlburt Field (ICAO: KHRT, FAA LID: HRT) is a United States Air Force base located in Okaloosa County, Florida, immediately west of the town of Mary Esther. It is part of the greater Eglin Air Force Base reservation and is home to Headquarters Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), the 1st Special Operations Wing (1 SOW), the USAF Special Operations School (USAFSOS) and the Air Combat Command's (ACC) 505th Command and Control Wing. It was named for First Lieutenant Donald Wilson Hurlburt, who died in a crash at Eglin. The installation is nearly 6,700 acres (27 km2) and employs nearly 8,000 military personnel.

This facility is assigned a three-letter location identifier of HRT by the Federal Aviation Administration, but it does not have an International Air Transport Association (IATA) airport code (the IATA assigned HRT to RAF Linton-on-Ouse in England).
Classification of Pygmy languages
The term African Pygmies refers to "forest people" who have or recently had a hunter-gatherer economy and a simple, non-hierarchical societal structure based on band societies; are of short stature; have a deep cultural and religious affinity with the Congolian rainforests; and live in a generally subservient relationship with agricultural "patrons", with which they trade forest products such as meat and honey for agricultural and iron products.

Though lumped together as "Pygmies" by outsiders, including their patrons, these peoples are not related to each other either ethnically or linguistically. Different Pygmy peoples may have distinct genetic mechanisms for their short stature, demonstrating diverse origins.

Great Lakes Twa
The Great Lakes Twa, also known as Batwa (singular Mutwa), Abatwa or Ge-Sera, are a Bantu speaking group native to the African Great Lakes region on the border of Central and East Africa. As an indigenous pygmy people, the Twa are generally assumed to be the oldest surviving population of the Great Lakes region. Current populations of Great Lakes Twa people live in the states of Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and the eastern portion of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2000 they numbered approximately 80,000 people, making them a significant minority group in these countries. The largest population of Twa is located in Burundi estimated in 2008 at 78,071 people.

Apart from anthropological literature, the term "Twa" generally refers to the Twa of the Great Lakes region. There are a number of other Twa populations in the Congo forest, as well as southern Twa populations living in swamps and deserts where there has never been forest, but these are little known in the West.
Kamennogorsk
Kamennogorsk (Russian: Каменногорск; known before 1948 by the Finnish name of Antrea (Russian: Антреа; Swedish: Sankt Andree)), is a town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the left bank of the Vuoksi River (Lake Ladoga's basin) 170 kilometers (110 mi) northwest of St. Petersburg. Population:  6,739 (2010 census); 6,084 (2002 census); 5,694 (1989 Soviet census).

Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake in Russia after Lake Baikal, and the 14th largest lake by area in the world. It is comparable in size to Lake Ontario. Ladoga Lacus, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake.
Lifan Group
Lifan Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. (Lifan Group or Lifan, Chinese: 力帆, lit. 'Power Sail') is a civilian owned Chinese motorcycle and automobile manufacturer headquartered in Chongqing, China. It was founded in 1992 and began to manufacture automobiles in 2005, with license-built microvans and a small sedan developed by Lifan.

Lifan's vehicle products include passenger cars, microvans, dirt bike engines, entry-level motorcycles, mini-vehicles, and commercial trucks. The company's non-vehicle-related activities include the manufacture of sports shoes and winemaking. Outside of China, Lifan is currently best known for the sale of small passenger cars in emerging markets.

Civilian-run enterprise
Civilian-run enterprise is a type of company or enterprise to describe a non-state-owned enterprise (state-owned enterprise including companies owned by the state, the central and regional government) in the People's Republic of China. A privately held company is a type of civilian-run enterprise. However, there is no proper legal definition of "civilian-run enterprise" in China. It is considered to be a special term in the Economy of China (Minqi, Chinese: 民企; pinyin: Mínqǐ) or Chinese: 民营企业; pinyin: Mínyíng qǐyè). The translation of the term "Minqi" was difficult, as stated by Ye Dong, a Chinese businessman during an interview by the Chinese-language version of the Financial Times.

A civilian-run enterprise may be a publicly traded company or a privately held company (any company that is not owned by a government nor listed on the stock exchange). If the company is listed in Hong Kong (and incorporated outside mainland China), it would be referred to as a P chip.
Chris Gregory
Christopher A. Gregory is an Australian economic anthropologist. He is based at Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, and has also taught at University of Manchester- where he was made Professor of Political and Economic Anthropology. He studied Economics at University of New South Wales and ANU before pursuing anthropology, following a period in Papua New Guinea. His main research has been in Papua New Guinea and Bastar District, central India, and he also co-authored a research methods manual for economic anthropology, 'Observing the Economy', with Jon Altman.

Marcel Mauss
Marcel Israël Mauss (French: [mos]; 10 May 1872 – 10 February 1950) was a French sociologist and anthropologist known as the "father of French ethnology". The nephew of Émile Durkheim, Mauss, in his academic work, crossed the boundaries between sociology and anthropology. Today, he is perhaps better recognised for his influence on the latter discipline, particularly with respect to his analyses of topics such as magic, sacrifice and gift exchange in different cultures around the world. Mauss had a significant influence upon Claude Lévi-Strauss, the founder of structural anthropology. His most famous work is The Gift (1925).
Hvaler Tunnel
The Hvaler Tunnel (Norwegian: Hvalertunnelen) is a subsea road tunnel which connects the island of Kirkøy to the rest of Hvaler in Østfold County, Norway. The tunnel opened in 1989 and is 3,751 meters (12,306 ft) long and 120 meters (390 ft) deep with an incline of 10% at its steepest point, located on Norwegian County Road 108.

Hvaler
Hvaler is a municipality that is a group of islands in the southern part of Østfold County, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Skjærhalden, on the island of Kirkeøy.  The only police station in the municipality is located in Skjærhalden.  Hvaler was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).
81a Squadriglia
81a Squadriglia was an Italian fighter squadron raised in March 1917 that served through the end of World War I. One of its aces, Flavio Baracchini, would become the first awardee of the Gold Medal for Military Valor. The squadron would be credited with 34 aerial victories, and suffer four dead. It ended the war with 28 aircraft on strength.

Hanriot HD.1
The Hanriot HD.1 is a French World War I single-seat fighter aircraft. Rejected for service with French squadrons in favour of the SPAD S.VII, the type was supplied to the Aviation Militaire Belge (Belgian Military Aviation) and the Corpo Aeronautico Militare (Military Aviation Corps) of the Royal Italian Army, with both of which it proved highly successful. Of a total of about 1,200 examples built, 831 were produced by Italian companies under licence.
Miller Field (baseball)
Miller Field was a baseball stadium in Owensboro, Kentucky.

Miller Field's final tenant was the Owensboro Oilers of the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (also called the KITty League), playing there from 1937 to 1955. Miller Field was considered the finest ballpark in the KITty League.

Miller Field was situated at Triplett Avenue and East 18th Street in Owensboro.  Home plate was oriented to the northeast.  Its dimensions were 320 feet (left field), 365 feet (center field) and 320 feet (right field).

Miller Field was demolished on September 19, 1955, after the dissolution of the KITTY League.  James C. Ellis, who bought the property, stated that the parcel of land was too valuable to be a baseball park.

Kitty League
The Kitty League, formally known as the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League, was a Class D level minor league baseball circuit that went through six different periods of play between 1903 and 1955. The League hosted teams in 29 cities from the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee.
Ghilman
Ghilman (singular Arabic: غُلاَم ghulām, plural غِلْمَان ghilmān) were slave-soldiers and/or mercenaries in armies throughout the Islamic world. Islamic states from the early 9th century to the early 19th century consistently deployed slaves as soldiers, a phenomenon that was very rare outside of the Islamic world.

The Quran mentions ghilman (غِلْمَان) in verse 52:24 (Verse 56:17 is also thought to refer to ghilman).

Anushtegin dynasty
The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English: /ænuʃtəˈɡinid/, Persian: خاندان انوشتکین), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty (Persian: خوارزمشاهیان) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin from the Bekdili clan of the Oghuz Turks. The Anushteginid dynasty ruled the Khwarazmian Empire, consisting in large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuks and the Qara Khitai (Western Liao), and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire in the 13th century.

The dynasty was founded by commander Anushtegin Gharchai, a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarazm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarazm. Anush Tigin may have belonged to either the Begdili tribe of the Oghuz Turks or to Chigil, Khalaj, Qipchaq, Qangly, or Uyghurs.
Giessen (region)
Giessen (Gießen in German) [ˈɡiːsən] is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the middle of the state. It was created on 1 January 1981 from the districts (Kreise) of Giessen, Lahn-Dill and Limburg-Weilburg and the Vogelsbergkreis, all formerly belonging to Darmstadt, and Marburg-Biedenkopf, formerly belonging to Kassel.

Vogelsbergkreis
The Vogelsbergkreis is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany. Neighbouring districts are Schwalm-Eder, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Fulda, Main-Kinzig, Wetteraukreis, Gießen and Marburg-Biedenkopf.