hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barwari
Barwari (Syriac: ܒܪܘܪ, Kurdish: به‌رواری, romanized: Berwarî) is a region in the Hakkari mountains in northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey. The region is inhabited by Assyrians and Kurds, and was formerly also home to a number of Jews prior to their emigration to Israel in 1951. It is divided between northern Barwari in Turkey, and southern Barwari in Iraq.

Ördekli, Hakkâri
Ördekli (Kurdish: Kotranis, Syriac: Qōṭrānīs) is a village in the central district of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Geravî tribe and had a population of 144 in 2023. The five hamlets of Akar, Doğanca (Orîte, Ōret), İlik (Ilkê), Oyaca, Subaşı (Xarusan), Tepeli (Xerdelanis, Ḥardālānīs) and Yuvacık (Pixînk) are attached to the village.
Gale V
Gale V was an unlimited hydroplane that raced in the 1950s. The Gale V team won the National High Point Championship in 1954 and 1955 and won the American Power Boat Association Gold Cup in 1955 with Lee Schoenith driving. The boat was retired after the 1955 season.

American Power Boat Association
The American Power Boat Association (APBA) is an American membership-owned corporation. In 1903, New York's Columbia Yacht Club had formulated a constitution for what ultimately became the APBA. It is the United States sanctioning authority for the Union Internationale Motonautique, the world governing body for powerboat racing. Headquartered in Eastpointe Michigan, the APBA has over 3,500 active members and sanctions over 150 races nationwide. The APBA sanctions all types of power boat racing from 205+ mph Unlimited Hydroplanes to smaller Junior Class racing starting at age 9.
Johilla River
Johilla River is a river in Amarkantak, a pilgrim town in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a tributary of the Son river, which is a perennial river located in Central India and is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna River.

Sone River
Sone River, also spelt Son River, is a perennial river located in central India. It originates near Amarkantak Hill in Pendra (Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district), Chhattisgarh and finally merges with the Ganges river near Maner in Patna, Bihar. The Sone River is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna River. India's oldest river bridge Koilwar Bridge over the Sone River connects Arrah with Patna. Sone river is famous for its sand across country. Multiple dams and hydro-electric projects run on its course towards the Ganges.The river is also mentioned in Valmiki Ramayans's Balkand where Ram. Laxman along with Vishvamitra is crossing the river to further go north towards Ganga.
Henry H. Sprague
Henry Harrison Sprague (August 1, 1841 – July 28, 1920) was a Massachusetts lawyer and politician who served as a member of the Boston, Massachusetts Common Council, in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and as a member, and President of the Massachusetts Senate.

He died at his home in Boston on July 28, 1920, and was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery.

President of the Massachusetts Senate
The president of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer.  Unlike the United States Congress, in which the vice president of the United States is the ex officio president of the United States Senate, in Massachusetts, the president of the Senate is elected from and by the senators. The president, therefore, typically comes from the majority party, and the president is then the de facto leader of that party.

The current president of the Massachusetts Senate, since July 26, 2018, is Karen Spilka, a Democrat from Ashland. Democrats have had a majority in the Senate since 1959. Notable former presidents of the Massachusetts Senate include U.S. president Calvin Coolidge.
John Blayney
John Joseph Blayney (13 March 1925 – 17 June 2018) was an Irish rugby player, barrister and judge who served a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1992 to 1997 and a Judge of the High Court from 1973 to 1992.

John Blayney was the son of Alexander Joseph Blayney, who was a prominent Dublin surgeon at Mater Hospital.

On 12 December 1991, he was nominated as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland by Taoiseach Charles Haughey. On 9 January 1992, he was appointed to the position by President Mary Robinson. Upon retirement from a long legal career, his position on the bench was filled by Judge Henry Denis Barron. During his retirement, he acted as chairman to the Blayney Inquiry into the "professional and business conduct" of a number of major Irish accountants and accounting firms.

Blayney has, on several occasions, sat on the bench for the European Court of Human Rights.

Blayney played rugby union for Ireland, earning one cap in 1950 in which he ran a 40-yard try against a Scottish side.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
Howell-Theurer House
The Howell-Theurer House is a historic two-story house in Wellsville, Utah. It was built as an I-house in 1869. It was the boyhood home of Joseph Howell, who served as a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature from 1886 to 1892,
the Utah Senate from 1896 to 1900, and the United States House of Representatives from 1903 to 1917. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 18, 1979.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Cache County, Utah
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cache County, Utah.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cache County, Utah, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 76 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another 6 sites in the county were once listed, but have since been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Comprehension approach
The comprehension approach to language learning emphasizes understanding of language rather than speaking it. This is in contrast to the better-known communicative approach, under which learning is thought to emerge through language production, i.e. a focus on speech and writing.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Ryparken railway station
Ryparken station is an S-train railway station serving the district of Østerbro in Copenhagen, Denmark. It serves as an interchange station between the Ring line and Farum radial of Copenhagen's S-train network and is serviced by the B, F, and H lines. The station was originally named Lyngbyvej Station but was renamed to Ryparken Station in 1972.

Rail transport in Denmark
The rail transport system in Denmark consists of 2,633 km (1,636 mi) of railway lines, of which the Copenhagen S-train network, the main line Helsingør-Copenhagen-Padborg (at the German border), and the Lunderskov-Esbjerg line are electrified. Most traffic is passenger trains, although there is considerable transit goods traffic between Sweden and Germany.

Maintenance work on most Danish railway lines is done by Banedanmark, a state-owned company that also allocates tracks for train operators. The majority of passenger trains are operated by DSB, with Arriva and Nordjyske Jernbaner and Midtjyske Jernbaner operating on some lines in Jutland. Goods transport is mainly performed by DB Schenker Rail, although other operators take care of a significant portion of the non-transit traffic.

Denmark is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Denmark is 86.
1999 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
The 1999 E3 Harelbeke was the 42nd edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 27 March 1999. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Peter Van Petegem of the TVM team.

E3 Saxo Bank Classic
E3 Saxo Bank Classic, previously known as E3 BinckBank Classic, E3 Harelbeke, Harelbeke–Antwerp–Harelbeke and E3-Prijs Vlaanderen, is an annual road cycling race in Flanders, Belgium. The race starts and finishes in Harelbeke mainly in the Flemish Ardennes.

First raced in 1958, it is one of the more recently founded one-day classics, but has developed into a prestigious and desirable event. It is on the UCI World Tour calendar, as part of a series of cobbled classics in Belgium and Northern France in March and April.

Belgian Tom Boonen holds the record for number of victories with five wins, trailed by cycling icon Rik Van Looy who won four times.
Gmina Irządze
Gmina Irządze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Irządze, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Zawiercie and 64 km (40 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 73.55 square kilometres (28.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 2,623.

Zawiercie County
Zawiercie County (Polish: powiat zawierciański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zawiercie, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains five other towns: Poręba, 6 km (4 mi) west of Zawiercie, Łazy, 8 km (5 mi) south of Zawiercie, Ogrodzieniec, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Zawiercie, Szczekociny, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Zawiercie, and Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie.

The county covers an area of 1,003.27 square kilometres (387.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 118,020. The most populated towns are Zawiercie with 49,334 inhabitants and Poręba with 8,525 inhabitants.
GM 4L80-E transmission
The 4L80-E (and similar 4L85-E) is a series of automatic transmissions from General Motors. Designed for longitudinal engine configurations, the series included 4 forward gears. It was the 4-speed electronically commanded evolution of the 3-speed Turbo-Hydramatic 400, first produced in October 1963.  4L80-Es were optioned only in Chevrolet/GMC pickups, vans, and commercial vehicles, and the Hummer H1. It was also adopted by Rolls-Royce in 1991 and modified after extensive testing, and used initially in the Bentley Continental R, and subsequently other Rolls-Royce and Bentley vehicles. The 4L80 and 4L85 were built at Willow Run Transmission in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

Jaguar XJ
The Jaguar XJ is a series of mid-size/full-size luxury cars produced by British automobile manufacturer Jaguar Cars (becoming Jaguar Land Rover in 2013) from 1968 to 2019. It was produced across four basic platform generations (debuting in 1968, 1986, 2003, and 2009) with various updated derivatives of each. From 1970, it was Jaguar's flagship four-door model. The original model was the last Jaguar saloon to have been designed under the leadership of Sir William Lyons, the company's founder, and the model has been featured in a myriad of media and high-profile appearances.
Lainzer Tiergarten
The Lainzer Tiergarten (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈlaɪntsɐ ˈtiːɐ̯ˌɡartn̩], lit. 'Lainz Animal Garden') is a 24.50 km2 (6,054-acre) wildlife preserve in the southwest corner of Vienna, Austria, 80% of it being covered in woodland. It dates back to 1561, when Ferdinand I created it as a fenced-in hunting ground for his family to use. Since 1919, it has been open to the public. Its name consists of its location by the Lainz district of Vienna's 13th District, and Tiergarten, which means zoo (literally, "animal garden").

Penzing
Penzing (German pronunciation: [ˈpɛntsɪŋ] ⓘ) is the 14th district of Vienna in Austria. It consists of the localities of Penzing, Breitensee, Baumgarten, Hütteldorf and Hadersdorf-Weidlingau. In the west, it shares a border with Purkersdorf and Mauerbach. A large portion of the district is made up of greenery, including the Steinhof park, the Dehnepark and a portion of the Wienerwald. It is served by the eponymous Wien Penzing railway station, as well as Breitensee, Hütteldorf, Wolf in der Au, Hadersdorf, and Weidlingau stations.
Percy Everett
Sir Percy Winn Everett (22 April 1870  – 23 February 1952) was an English editor-in-chief for the publisher C. Arthur Pearson Limited and a Scouter who became The Boy Scouts Association's Deputy Chief Scout.

Chief Scout (The Scout Association)
The Chief Scout is the nominal head of the Scout Association's youth programmes. Appointed for a five-year tenure, the position is now non-executive, typically held by a well-known public figure who serves as a role model for young members of the Scout Movement. Since September 2024, the Chief Scout has been the British adventurer and TV presenter Dwayne Fields.
Dudley Museum and Art Gallery
52°30′42″N 2°05′10″W﻿ / ﻿52.511716°N 2.086126°W﻿ / 52.511716; -2.086126

Dudley Museum and Art Gallery was a public museum and art gallery located in the town centre of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. It was opened in 1883, situated within buildings on St James's Road, and remained at that site until its closure in 2016. Some of the museum collections have since been relocated to the Dudley Archives centre on Tipton Road.

Dudley Archives and Local History
Dudley Archives and Local History holds the archives for the town  of Dudley in the West Midlands. The archives are held at Tipton Road, Dudley, and run by Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council.

The Archives and Local History Service looks after a collection that is housed in the purpose built Archives and Local History Centre in Dudley and includes records dating back to the 12th century. They hold original archive material including business ledgers, local authority correspondence and minutes, maps and school records. The Archive contains over 15,000 books and pamphlets and around 26,000 images relating to the Dudley Metropolitan Borough. The building also serves as a museum about both history and prehistory.
Evangelical Church in Morocco
The Protestant missions started in the 19th century in Morocco. In 1975 the Scottish origin Southern Morocco Mission was started. In 1922 the Reformed Church in France begun mission efforts especially among French. After the independence from France in 1956 the Reformed Church in France decided to form an independent church in 1958. This become the Evangelical Church in Morocco or the Église Évangelique au Maroc in French. Since 1963 missions were prohibited.

In 2004 the church had 1,600 members worshipping in 8 congregations and 6 house fellowships.

It is member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches.

Reformed Church of France
The Reformed Church of France (French: Église réformée de France, ERF) was the main Protestant denomination in France with a Calvinist orientation that could be traced back directly to John Calvin. In 2013, the Church merged with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in France to form the United Protestant Church of France.

The church was a member of the Protestant Federation of France (Fédération protestante de France), the World Communion of Reformed Churches and the World Council of Churches.

The church had approximately 300,000 members at the time of merger, distributed in a somewhat unequal fashion throughout French metropolitan territory, with the exception of Alsace-Moselle and the Pays de Montbéliard, as the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine brings together most of the local Calvinists there. The church consists of 400 parishes, organised in 50 presbyteries (consistoires) and eight administrative regions.
Proto-Protestantism
Proto-Protestantism, also called pre-Protestantism, refers to individuals and movements that propagated various ideas later associated with Protestantism before 1517, which historians usually regard as the starting year for the Reformation era. The relationship between medieval sects and Protestantism is an issue that has been debated by historians.

Successionism is the further idea that these proto-Protestants are evidence of a continuous hidden church of true believers, despite their manifest differences in belief.

Henry of Lausanne
Henry of Lausanne (variously known as of Bruys, of Cluny, of Toulouse, of Le Mans and as the Deacon, sometimes referred to as Henry the Monk or Henry the Petrobrusian) was a French heresiarch of the first half of the 12th century. His preaching began around 1116 and he died imprisoned around 1148. His followers are known as Henricians.
Alternating-direction implicit method
In numerical linear algebra, the alternating-direction implicit (ADI) method is an iterative method used to solve Sylvester matrix equations. It is a popular method for solving the large matrix equations that arise in systems theory and control, and can be formulated to construct solutions in a memory-efficient, factored form. It is also used to numerically solve parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations, and is a classic method used for modeling heat conduction and solving the diffusion equation in two or more dimensions. It is an example of an operator splitting method.

The method was developed at Humble Oil in the mid-1950s by Jim Douglas Jr, Henry Rachford, and Don Peaceman.

Diffusion equation
The  diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. In physics, it describes the macroscopic behavior of many micro-particles in Brownian motion, resulting from the random movements and collisions of the particles (see Fick's laws of diffusion). In mathematics, it is related to Markov processes, such as random walks, and applied in many other fields, such as materials science, information theory, and biophysics. The diffusion equation is a special case of the convection–diffusion equation when bulk velocity is zero. It is equivalent to the heat equation under some circumstances.
Shortanbay
46°36′37″N 48°39′19″E﻿ / ﻿46.61028°N 48.65528°E﻿ / 46.61028; 48.65528

Shortanbay (Kazakh: Шортанбай, Şortanbai, شورتانباي; Russian: Шортанбай, Shortanbay) is a town in Atyrau Region, west Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 11 m (36 ft) below sea level.

Atyrau Region
Atyrau Region (Kazakh: Атырау облысы, romanized: Atyrau oblysy; Russian: Атырауская область), formerly known as Guryev Region (Russian: Гурьевская область) until 1991, is one of the regions of Kazakhstan, in the western part of the country around the northeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Atyrau, with a population of 355,117; the region itself has a population of 681,241, of which Kazakhs make up more than 90%.
Visitor pattern
A visitor pattern is a software design pattern that separates the algorithm from the object structure. Because of this separation, new operations can be added to existing object structures without modifying the structures. It is one way to follow the open/closed principle in object-oriented programming and software engineering.

In essence, the visitor allows adding new virtual functions to a family of classes, without modifying the classes. Instead, a visitor class is created that implements all of the appropriate specializations of the virtual function. The visitor takes the instance reference as input, and implements the goal through double dispatch.

Programming languages with sum types and pattern matching obviate many of the benefits of the visitor pattern, as the visitor class is able to both easily branch on the type of the object and generate a compiler error if a new object type is defined which the visitor does not yet handle.

Iterator pattern
In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.

For example, the hypothetical algorithm searchForElement() can be implemented generally using a specified type of iterator rather than implementing it as a container-specific algorithm. This allows searchForElement() to be used on any container that supports the required type of iterator.
Alby Naismith
Albert Henry Naismith (13 November 1917 – 14 June 1981) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Naismith was a forward, used in the pockets and at centre half-forward. An Alphington recruit, he was the leading goal-kicker for Hawthorn on two occasions, with 30 goals in 1938 and 25 goals in 1940.

His brother Herb Naismith played for Collingwood, as did their maternal uncle Alf Dummett. They were sons of Wally Naismith, a premiership player at Fitzroy (the club where Wally's twin brother Charlie also featured in the VFL).

Naismith later played for Oakleigh, as a full-forward.

Charlie Naismith
Charles Ernest Naismith OBE (31 May 1881 – 2 November 1964) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy. He was the twin brother of Wally Naismith.

After his football career, he worked in the dairy industry and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in January 1954 for his services to the industry.
8,9-Dehydroestradiol
8,9-Dehydroestradiol, or Δ8-17β-estradiol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17β-ol-3-one, is a naturally occurring steroidal estrogen found in horses which is closely related to equilin, equilenin, and estradiol, and, as the 3-sulfate ester sodium salt, is a minor constituent of conjugated estrogens (Premarin). It is also an important active metabolite of 8,9-dehydroestrone, analogously to conversion of estrone or estrone sulfate into estradiol.

Estrone sulfate
Estrone sulfate, also known as E1S, E1SO4 and estrone 3-sulfate, is a natural, endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester and conjugate.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone sulfate is used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; for information on estrone sulfate as a medication, see the estrone sulfate (medication) article.
WWPV-LP
WWPV-LP (92.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Colchester, Vermont. The station is owned by Saint Michael's College. It airs a variety radio format. This station is the successor to WWPV-FM, the college's prior radio station on 88.7 FM.

Saint Michael's College
Saint Michael's College (St. Mikes) is a private Catholic college in Colchester, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1904 by the Society of Saint Edmund, it grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in more than 40 majors to about 1,200 undergraduate students. Housing availability is guaranteed for all four years, and 92% of students live on campus.