hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Il borgomastro di Saardam
Il borgomastro di Saardam (The mayor of Saardam) is an 1827 melodramma giocoso (opera buffa) in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The libretto, by Domenico Gilardoni, was based on the 1818 play Le bourgmestre de Sardam, ou Les deux Pierres by Mélesville, Jean-Toussaint Merle and Eugène Cantiran de Boirie. Albert Lortzing's 1837 opera Zar und Zimmermann is ultimately based, via a German translation, on the same French play. The plot concerns a famous episode in the life of Peter the Great, in which he disguised himself under an assumed name as a worker in the shipyards of Saardam, and has certain similarities to Donizetti's earlier 1-act farce Il falegname di Livonia.

Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.
Barycz, Radomsko County
Barycz [ˈbarɨt͡ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) east of Żytno, 28 km (17 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 98 km (61 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Żytno
Żytno [ˈʐɨtnɔ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żytno. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Radomsko and 96 km (60 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a private town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Sibylline Books
The Sibylline Books (Latin: Libri Sibyllini) were a collection of oracular utterances, set out in Greek hexameter verses, that, according to tradition, were purchased from a sibyl by the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, and consulted at momentous crises through the history of the Roman Republic and the Empire.

Only fragments have survived, the rest being lost or deliberately destroyed. The Sibylline Books are not the same as the Sibylline Oracles, which are fourteen books and eight fragments of prophecies thought to be of Judaeo-Christian origin.

Stilicho
Stilicho (/ˈstɪlɪkoʊ/; c. 359 – 22 August 408) was a military commander in the Roman army who, for a time, became the most powerful man in the Western Roman Empire.   He was partly of Vandal origins and married to Serena, the niece of emperor Theodosius I. He became guardian for the underage Honorius. After years of struggle against barbarian and Roman enemies, political and military disasters finally allowed his enemies in the court of Honorius to remove him from power. His fall culminated in his arrest and execution in 408.
Kiesinger cabinet
The Kiesinger cabinet was the 7th Government of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1 December 1966 to 22 October 1969 throughout the 5th legislative session of the Bundestag. It was led by the Christian Democratic Union's Kurt Georg Kiesinger, a former Nazi Party member. The Bundestag that had been chosen in the September 1965 election initially resulted in the Cabinet Erhard II, but when the Free Democratic Party resigned from the government, that led to the formation of the new cabinet. The cabinet was supported by the first grand coalition between the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The Vice-Chancellor was Willy Brandt (SPD)

Second Erhard cabinet
The Second Erhard cabinet was the government of West Germany between 26 October 1965 and 30 November 1966. Led by the Christian Democratic Union Ludwig Erhard, the cabinet was a coalition between the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP).
Energy systems language
The energy systems language, also referred to as energese, or energy circuit language, or generic systems symbols, is a modelling language used for composing energy flow diagrams in the field of systems ecology. It was developed by Howard T. Odum and colleagues in the 1950s during studies of the tropical forests funded by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.

Pictogram
A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphic symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a writing system which uses pictograms. Some pictograms, such as hazard pictograms, may be elements of formal languages.

In the field of prehistoric art, the term "pictograph" has a different definition, and specifically refers to art painted on rock surfaces. Pictographs are contrasted with petroglyphs, which are carved or incised.

Small pictograms displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate are called icons.
2012 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament
The 2012 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament involved 64 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 2011–12 basketball season.

The Western Washington Vikings won the tournament to earn the first basketball national championship in school history.

Gulf South Conference
The Gulf South Conference (GSC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, which operates in the Southeastern United States.
Typepad
Typepad was a blogging service owned by Endurance International Group, previously owned by SAY Media (from the merger of Six Apart and VideoEgg). In August 2025, the site announced it would shut down in September of that year.

Endurance International Group
Newfold Digital, Inc., previously named BizLand and Endurance International Group, Inc. (EIG), is an American information technology services company specializing in web hosting. The company was founded in 1997 and headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts. It is one of the Internet's largest web hosting providers, with a global market share of 3.5% according to W3Techs. The company is structured differently from other large hosting companies such as Rackspace, GoDaddy, or 1&1 Ionos.  The company has grown its hosting and related business through numerous acquisitions. In 2021, Endurance International Group was acquired by Clearlake Capital and merged with Web.com, a portfolio company of Siris Capital Group since 2018, to form Newfold Digital, a joint venture between Clearlake and Siris.
Christine Afrifa
Christine Afrifa (née Christine Sussana Addaquay) was a First Lady of Ghana and wife of Akwasi Afrifa. She worked in this office from April 1969, when her husband assumed office as head of state of Ghana, to September 1969, when civilian rule was ushered in and Kofi Abrefa Busia took over as Prime Minister of Ghana. She married Akwasi Afrifa in 1968. Following her husband's death in 1979, she moved to the United Kingdom. A road in Accra is named in her honour. During the National Reconciliation Commission (NRC), she appeared and requested to know who authorised the execution of her husband in 1979. She also appealed to the commission to de-confiscate her husband's assets as well as a prompt action on the Greenstreet Report that recommended benefits for Ex-Presidents and Heads of State.

First Lady of Ghana
First Lady of Ghana is the title of the wife of a sitting president of Ghana. The current first lady is Lordina Mahama, who has held the position since 2025. They are not officially given salaries but the Ghanaian first and second lady are both given clothing allowances to serve as initiatives to be comfortable enough to advocate the country through material forms of culture.
Frohnau (Annaberg-Buchholz)
Frohnau is a village in the Saxon town of Annaberg-Buchholz in the district of Erzgebirgskreis in southeast Germany. The discovery of silver on the Schreckenberg led in 1496 to the foundation of the neighbouring mining town of Annaberg. The village of Frohnau is best known for its museum of technology, the Frohnauer Hammer, and the visitor mine of Markus Röhling Stolln. The mining area around Frohnau has been selected as a candidate for a UNESCO World Heritage Site: the Ore Mountain Mining Region (Montanregion Erzgebirge).

Ore Mountain Mining Region
The Ore Mountain Mining Region (officially Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region; German: Montanregion Erzgebirge, Czech: Hornický region Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří) is an industrial heritage landscape, over 800 years old, in the border region of the Ore Mountains between the German state of Saxony and North Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It is characterised by a plethora of historic, largely original, monuments to technology, as well as numerous individual monuments and collections related to the historic mining industry of the region. On 6 July 2019, the Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, because of its exceptional testimony to the advancement of mining technology over the past 800 years.
La Guardia and Wagner Archives
The La Guardia and Wagner Archives was established in 1982 at LaGuardia Community College in Long Island City, Queens, New York, to collect, preserve, and make available primary materials documenting the social and political history of New York City, with an emphasis on the mayoralty and the borough of Queens. The purpose of its founding went beyond serving as a repository, but to establish the college as a location for scholarly research. The archives serves a broad array of researchers, journalists, students, scholars, exhibit planners, and policy makers. Its web site provides guidelines to the collections, as well as over 55,000 digitized photographs and close to 2,000,000 digitized documents.

Vincent R. Impellitteri
Vincent Richard Impellitteri (born Vincenzo Impellitteri; February 4, 1900 – January 29, 1987) was an Italian-American politician and judge who served as the 102nd Mayor of New York City from 1950 to 1953. He was elected as a Democrat and president of the City Council in 1945 and reelected in 1949. When Mayor William O'Dwyer resigned in 1950, he became acting mayor. In the special election that year, party bosses denied him the Democratic nomination for the rest of the term but was subsequently elected mayor on a new ticket, the "Experience Party". He lost the Democratic primary when he ran for a full term in 1953 and became a judge in 1954.
Portulaca halimoides
Portulaca halimoides is a species of purslane known by the common name silkcotton purslane. It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, as well as parts of Central and South America. It is a  fleshy annual herb producing a branching stem spreading to a maximum length around 25 centimeters. It is often pink or red in color and there are strands of woolly hairlike trichomes at nodes along the stem and within the inflorescence. The thick, cylindrical, blunt-tipped leaves are up to 2 centimeters in length and green to red in color. Flowers occur in clusters of up to 10 at the tips of the stem branches. Each is a few millimeters wide with yellow petals which are sometimes hidden under the two fused, fleshy red sepals. The fruit is a tiny capsule which contains several seeds. The grainlike seeds may be black, grayish, or silvery in color.

Portulaca
Portulaca (/ˌpɔːrtʃəˈlækə/ POR-chə-LAK-ə, UK also /ˌpɔːrtjʊˈlækə/ POR-tyuul-AK-ə, US also /ˌpɔːrtʃəˈlɑːkə/ POR-chə-LAH-kə) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Portulacaceae, and is the type genus of the family. With over 100 species, it is found in the tropics and warm temperate regions. Portulacas are also known as the purslanes.

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is widely consumed as an edible plant, and in some areas it is invasive. Portulaca grandiflora is a well-known ornamental garden plant. Purslanes are relished by chickens. Some Portulaca species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the nutmeg moth (Hadula trifolii).

Some Portulaca species can undergo photosynthesis using the C4 or the CAM light-independent pathway as required depending on environmental conditions.
Quasipaa robertingeri
Quasipaa robertingeri is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Southwest China and is known from southeastern Sichuan, Chongqing, and northern Guizhou. It is named in honor of Robert F. Inger, an American herpetologist and ichthyologist. Common name Hejiang spiny frog has been proposed for it.

A 2009 molecular study placed Quasipaa robertingeri in the synonymy of Quasipaa boulengeri, but another study in 2021 restored its species status; its status remains controversial.

In Sichuan, this species inhabits hill streams and surrounding riparian habitat at elevations of 650–1,500 m (2,130–4,920 ft) above sea level. It is threatened by over-harvesting for human consumption.

Quasipaa boulengeri
Quasipaa boulengeri is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is known under many common names, including Boulenger's spiny frog, spiny-bellied frog, and Boulenger's paa frog. It is found in southern and southwestern China and northern Vietnam. It is a very common species that has declined. It is collected for human consumption, and it is also threatened by habitat loss. Its natural habitats are hill streams and ponds.

Quasipaa boulengeri are relatively large frogs: males grow to a snout–vent length of about 90 mm (3.5 in) and females to 98 mm (3.9 in). Tadpoles are up to about 52 mm (2.0 in) in length.
Winter Miller
Winter Miller (born 1973) is an American playwright and journalist. In the summer of 2007, a reading (directed by Joanna Settle) of Miller's play In Darfur was at the Delacorte Theater in New York City.

Miller was formerly the assistant to Nicholas D. Kristof, a columnist of The New York Times, and is now a reporter on the Times 's Metropolitan news desk. She has also written for the weekly Arts and Leisure, Style, daily Culture and Obituary pages of the Times.

Nicholas Kristof
Nicholas Donabet Kristof (born April 27, 1959) is an American journalist and political commentator. A winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, he is a regular CNN contributor and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times.

Born in Chicago, Kristof was raised in Yamhill, Oregon, the son of two professors at nearby Portland State University. After graduating from Harvard University, where he wrote for The Harvard Crimson, Kristof intermittently interned at The Oregonian. He joined the staff of The New York Times in 1984.

Kristof is a self-described progressive. According to The Washington Post, Kristof "rewrote opinion journalism" with his emphasis on human rights abuses and social injustices, such as human trafficking and the Darfur conflict. Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa described Kristof as an "honorary African" for shining a spotlight on neglected conflicts in the continent.
Jardas Jerrari
Jardas Jerrari (Arabic: جردس جراري) is a village in Jebel Akhdar, Libya. It was named Jardas Jerrari after the tribe living on it, and to identify it from Jardas al ‘Abid near Marj. Jardas Jerrari is located about 35 km south of the city of Bayda.

Bayda, Libya
Bayda or Elbeida (Arabic: البيضاء, romanized: al-Bayḍāʾ, pronounced [al.bajˈdˤaːʔ] ⓘ), known as Beda Littoria under Italian colonial rule, is a commercial and industrial city in northern Cyrenaica, eastern Libya. With a population of 250,000 people, Bayda is the 4th-largest city in Libya after Tripoli, Benghazi and Misrata. It is the capital city of the Jabal al Akhdar district.
Ardennes American Cemetery and Memorial
Ardennes American Cemetery and Memorial is a Second World War American military war grave cemetery, located in the village of Neuville-en-Condroz, near the southeast edge of Neupré, some 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Liège in Belgium. The cemetery, dedicated in 1960, contains 5,329 American war dead and covers 90.5 acres (36.6 ha). It is one of three American war cemeteries in Belgium, the other two being at Flanders Field and Henri-Chapelle and is administered by the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC).

American Battle Monuments Commission
The American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) is an independent agency of the United States government that administers, operates, and maintains permanent U.S. military cemeteries, memorials and monuments primarily outside the United States.

There were 26 cemeteries and 31 memorials, monuments and markers under the care of the ABMC. There are more than 140,000 U.S. servicemen and servicewomen interred at the cemeteries, and more than 94,000 missing in action, or lost or buried at sea are memorialized on cemetery Walls of the Missing and on three memorials in the United States. The ABMC also maintains an online database of names associated with each site.
Tso-ay
Tso-ay, also known as Panayotishn or Pe-nel-tishn, today widely known by his nickname as "Peaches", (c. 1853 – December 16, 1933) was a Chiricahua, Western Apache warrior, who also served as a scout for General George Crook during the Apache Wars. Tso-ay was wounded while fighting alongside Geronimo and Chihuahua against Mexican troops, who had ambushed them after the Apache had crossed the border while being pursued by American troops.

Apache Scouts
The Apache Scouts were part of the United States Army Indian Scouts. Most of their service was during the Apache Wars, between 1849 and 1886, though the last scout retired in 1947. The Apache scouts were the eyes and ears of the United States military and sometimes the cultural translators for the various Apache bands and the Americans. Apache scouts also served in the Navajo War, the Yavapai War, the Mexican Border War and they saw stateside duty during World War II. There has been a great deal written about Apache scouts, both as part of United States Army reports from the field and more colorful accounts written after the events by non-Apaches in newspapers and books. Men such as Al Sieber and Tom Horn were sometimes the commanding officers of small groups of Apache Scouts. As was the custom in the United States military, scouts were generally enlisted with Anglo nicknames or single names. Many Apache Scouts received citations for bravery.
BRP Abraham Campo
USCGC Point Doran (WPB-82375) was a Point-class cutter built in 1970 and operated by the United States Coast Guard. She was later transferred to the Philippines as BRP Abraham Campo (PC-396). The ship was named after a location in the Chugach Mountains.

Point-class cutter
The Point-class cutter was a class of 82-foot patrol vessels designed to replace the United States Coast Guard's aging 83-foot wooden hull patrol boat being used at the time. The boats had a mild steel hull and an aluminum superstructure. The Coast Guard Yard discontinued building the 95-foot Cape-class cutter to have the capacity to produce the 82-foot Point-class patrol boat in 1960. They served as patrol vessels used in law enforcement and search and rescue along the coasts of the United States and the Caribbean. They also served in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. They were replaced by the 87-foot Marine Protector-class patrol boats beginning in the late 1990s.
1976 FAMAS Awards
The 24th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held in 1976.  This is for the outstanding achievements in Filipino film for 1975.

Maynila.. Sa Kuko ng Liwanag of Cinema Artist was the most nominated  with eleven (11) nominations and the most awarded with 9 wins including FAMAS Award for Best Picture and the Best Director for Lino Brocka. This is the second year in a row for Brocka to win both Best Director and his film as Best Picture.

This year, FAMAS  elevated five (5) individuals to Hall of Famer Status for winning a specific award 5 times or more. They are Eddie Garcia for Best Supporting Actor, Gerardo de Leon for Best Director, Tony Maiquez for Musical Scorer, Angel Avellana and Demetrio de Santos for Best in Sound Recording.

FAMAS Award for Best Picture
The FAMAS Award for Best Picture is one of the FAMAS Awards, awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Award, which are voted on by Palanca Award-winning writers and movie columnists, writers and people in the film industry (directors, actors, producers, technicians, crew etc.). The Best Picture FAMAS has always been considered the most important and top prize, and has been awarded by Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences ever since the first ceremony in 1953.

The FAMAS Award winner for Best Picture is usually the most prestigious selection of the best Filipino motion picture of the year. The FAMAS Best Pictures are held in high regard as the FAMAS is the equivalent of the Academy Awards in the Philippines.
Connecticut's 29th House of Representatives district
The twenty-ninth Connecticut House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. Its current representative is Kerry Szeps-Wood. The district consists of the town of Rocky Hill, the historical base of the district in which all representatives since 1975 have lived, and parts of the towns of Newington, which is split between the 24th, 27th and 29th districts, and Wethersfield, which is split between the 28th and 29th districts. Until boundary changes that took effect for the 2002 election, a small portion of the city of Hartford was a part of the district and the portion of Newington currently within the 29th district was a part of the 27th district.

Rocky Hill, Connecticut
Rocky Hill is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 20,845 at the 2020 census. It was originally land of the Wangunks (a tribe of Native Americans). Europeans began to settle the area of Rocky Hill in 1650, as part of Wethersfield, the neighboring town to the north. In 1722, the area became known as Stepney Parish, until it was independently incorporated in 1843. Rocky Hill’s location on the Connecticut River made it a natural port for Wethersfield and an early center for shipbuilding, agriculture, and trade.

Rocky Hill is a typical bedroom community, as many residents commute to work in the larger urban centers of Hartford to the north and New Haven to the south.

Rocky Hill is the home to the Dinosaur State Park.  Rocky Hill also was once the headquarters of Ames Department Stores, which ceased business operations in 2002.
GPUOpen
GPUOpen is a middleware software suite originally developed by AMD's Radeon Technologies Group that offers advanced visual effects for computer games. It was released in 2016. GPUOpen serves as an alternative to, and a direct competitor of Nvidia GameWorks. GPUOpen is similar to GameWorks in that it encompasses several different graphics technologies as its main components that were previously independent and separate from one another. However, GPUOpen is partially open source software, unlike GameWorks which is proprietary and closed.

Vulkan
Vulkan is a cross-platform API and open standard for 3D graphics and computing. It was intended to address the shortcomings of OpenGL, and allow developers more control over the GPU. It is designed to support a wide variety of GPUs, CPUs and operating systems, and  modern multi-core CPUs also.

Microsoft supports Vulkan 1.2 (and more) on Windows 10 and 11, with a downloadable compatibility pack.