hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karshi-Khanabad Air Base
Karshi-Khanabad (or K2) is an air base in southeastern Uzbekistan, just east of Karshi. It is home to the 60th Separate Mixed Aviation Brigade of the Uzbek Air Force.

The airport is 1,365 feet (416 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 07/25 with a concrete surface measuring 8,196 by 131 feet (2,498 m × 40 m).

Defense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen
The Defense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen (DCPH-A, formerly: U.S. Army Public Health Center, APHC) is a United States Army element headquartered at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States. As a forward operating agency of the United States Army Medical Command, DCPH-A is responsible for providing technical support and expertise in the areas of preventive medicine, public health, health promotion, and wellness to military units around the globe.

John Resta serves as the director.

The Maryland Office of ORAU and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education administers research participation programs for DCPH-A.
Nanutarra, Western Australia
Nanutarra is a locality in Western Australia adjacent to the point at which the North West Coastal Highway passes over the Ashburton river.  It is also near the turn-off for State Route 136 to Paraburdoo and Tom Price.  It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of the Onslow turn-off in the Cane River conservation park where it is on either side of the highway. The name 'Nanutarra' originated from an Aboriginal word for a bulrush growing in the area.

Tom Price, Western Australia
Tom Price is a mining town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.  It is located inland, at the edge of the Hamersley Range. Tom Price is the highest town above sea level (747 m (2,451 ft)) in Western Australia, and is consequently dubbed "Top Town in WA".
Modbury High School
Modbury High School is a government school in the north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. It borders Modbury South Primary School and is in close proximity to Ardtornish Primary School. School enrolment currently has over 700 students for year levels seven to twelve.[A]

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Jean-Kévin Augustin
Jean-Kévin Augustin (born 16 June 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker.

An academy graduate of French club Paris Saint-Germain, Augustin made his senior debut in 2015 and made 31 appearances for the club, scoring two goals, and won eight national honours. In 2017, he joined RB Leipzig for a €13 million fee.

Augustin has also represented France at various youth levels and was part of the France U19 which won the 2016 European U19 Championship. His performances throughout the tournament earned him the Golden Boot and Player of the Tournament awards.

2015 Trophée des Champions
The 2015 Trophée des Champions (English: 2015 Champions Trophy) was the 20th edition of the French supercup. The match was contested by the 2014–15 Ligue 1 and Coupe de France champions Paris Saint-Germain and the runners-up of the Ligue 1, Lyon. The match was played at Saputo Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

This was the seventh consecutive time the competition had taken place on international soil and the second time it was contested in Montreal after the 2009 edition. PSG were the two-time defending champions, having defeated Guingamp in the 2014 edition, which was played in China.
Ronchis
Ronchis (Friulian: Roncjis) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.

Ronchis borders the following municipalities: Latisana, Palazzolo dello Stella, Rivignano Teor, San Michele al Tagliamento, Varmo.

Udine
Udine (US: /ˈuːdiːneɪ/ OO-dee-nay; Italian: [ˈuːdine] ⓘ; Friulian: Udin; Latin: Utinum; Slovene: Videm) is a city and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Carnic Alps. It is the capital of the Regional decentralization entity of Udine. As of 2025, it has a population of 98,320 in the commune, and 176,000 in the urban area.
Si Nut MRT station
Si Nut station (Thai: สถานีศรีนุช, pronounced [sā.tʰǎː.nīː sǐː nút]) is a Bangkok MRT station on the Yellow Line. The station is located on Srinagarindra Road in Suan Luang District, Bangkok and is a portmanteau of the names of Srinagarindra and On Nut roads, which intersect adjacent to the station. The station has four entrances. It opened on 3 June 2023 as part of trial operations on the line between Samrong and Hua Mak.

Hua Mak station
Hua Mak station (Thai: สถานีหัวหมาก, pronounced [sā.tʰǎː.nīː hǔa màːk]) is a station on the Eastern Line of the State Railway of Thailand, an Airport Rail Link station and an MRT station on the Yellow Line, located on Srinagarindra Road in Phatthanakan Subdistrict, Suan Luang District, Bangkok. Three rail operators run the station complex separately at their respective stations, with no paid area integration between the three stations.
Zirkan, East Azerbaijan
Zirkan (Persian: زيركان, also Romanized as Zīrkān and Zīr Kān) is a village in Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District, in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 284, in 56 families.

Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District
Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District (Persian: دهستان مهرانرود مرکزي) is in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nowjeh Deh-e Sadat. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kord Kandi, now a city.
Tony Smith (sculptor)
Anthony Peter Smith (September 23, 1912 – December 26, 1980) was an American sculptor, painter, architectural designer, and a noted art theorist. As a leading sculptor in the 1960s and 1970s, Smith is often associated with the minimalist art movement.

Documenta
Documenta (often stylized documenta) is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany.

documenta was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time. It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism. This first documenta featured many European artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent editions of the event feature artists based across the world, but much of the art is site-specific.

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days". documenta is not a selling exhibition.
Enzyme washing
Enzyme washing or "bio stoning" is a textile manufacturing technique in which cellulase enzymes are applied to denim. As with traditional stone washing, the intended effect is a faded appearance and softer feel. Because the technique relies on biotechnology, enzyme washing is considered an example of textile bio-processing.

Denim
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weave produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck.  Denim, as it is recognised today, was first produced in Nîmes, France.

Denim is available in a range of colors, but the most common denim is indigo denim in which the warp thread is dyed while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads, and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. Jeans fabricated from this cloth are thus predominantly white on the inside. Denim is used to create a wide variety of garments, accessories, and furniture.
Culture in Berlin
Berlin is recognized as a world city of culture and creative industries. Numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation are representing the diverse heritage of the city. Many young people, cultural entrepreneurs and international artists continue to settle in the city.  Berlin has established itself as a popular nightlife and  entertainment center in Europe.

The expanding cultural role of Berlin was underscored  by the relocation of several entertainment companies after 2000 who decided to move their headquarters and main studios to the banks of the River Spree. The city has a very diverse art scene and is home to over 300 art galleries. In 2005, Berlin was awarded the title "City of Design" by UNESCO.

Friedrichstadt-Palast
The Friedrichstadt-Palast, also shortened to Palast Berlin, is a revue theatre in the Berlin district of Mitte at Friedrichstraße. The term Friedrichstadt-Palast refers both to the building as well as the institution and its ensemble. The present building is distinct from its predecessor, the Old Friedrichstadt-Palast (former Grosses Schauspielhaus), which was located near Schiffbauerdamm and demolished in 1985. To distinguish it from its aforementioned predecessor, the building is also commonly known as Neuer Friedrichstadt-Palast (New Friedrichstadt-Palast).
Chironomus mongolcedeus
Chironomus mongolcedeus is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae.

It was first described in 1997 by the Japanese entomologists, Manabu Sasa and  Hiroshi Suzuki, from a male collected  at an altitude of 1,500m, in August 1996 in Bogd, Mongolia.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Muhammad Mukhtar al-Khatib
Muhammad Mukhtar al-Khatib (born 1942) is a Sudanese politician, currently serving as the General Secretary of the Sudanese Communist Party. He succeeded longtime party leader Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud following the latter's death on 22 March 2012.

In May 2022, he was arrested, detained, and then released at a Khartoum airport by Sudanese security forces, during widespread protest against the military government. Security forces also raided his home.

Under his leadership, the SCP called for an immediate ceasefire between rival factions of the military government which began clashing on 15 April 2023. The Rapid Support Forces later raided and occupied the SCP's headquarters in Khartoum on 25 May 2023.

Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud
Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud (1930 – 22 March 2012) was a Sudanese politician who was General Secretary of the Sudanese Communist Party. He succeeded Abdel Khaliq Mahjub after the latter's execution in 1971, leading the party for over four decades; his leadership was viewed as a period of long decline for the party. He stood as a candidate in the 2010 presidential election, but performed poorly. Nugud died in London in March 2012, when he was about 80 years old.
Panrepur, Chand
Panrepur is a village in Chand block of Kaimur district, Bihar, India. As of 2011, the village was uninhabited, although its land was used for agricultural purposes. It covered an area of 80 hectares, of which 68 were in cultivation at the time and another 9.8 were fallow lands.

Chand, Kaimur
Chand is a village and corresponding community development block in Kaimur district, Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 4,432, in 700 households. The total block population was 133,682 in 20,413 households. The population here is mainly based on agriculture.Chand is a market for the nearby villages.
Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger
Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger, FRSE (18 July 1713 – 13 December 1787) was a Scottish judge. He served as Solicitor General for Scotland from 1742 to 1746, as Lord Advocate from 1754 to 1760, and as Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1754 to 1761. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1760 to 1787, losing his popularity for giving his casting vote against Archibald Douglas in the famous Douglas Cause.

Lord President of the Court of Session
The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein) is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836.  The Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Pentland, who was appointed to the position on 3 February 2025 succeeding Lord Carloway They are paid according to salary group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.
Pastia's lines
Pastia's sign, Pastia lines, or Thompson's sign is a clinical sign in which pink or red lines formed of confluent petechiae are found in skin creases, particularly the crease in the antecubital fossa, the soft depression on the inside of the arm;  the folding crease divides this fossa where the forearm meets the (upper) arm (the biceps, triceps, humerus section of the upper extremity); the inside of the elbow (the inside flexor depression (fossa) of the elbow. It occurs in people with scarlet fever prior to the appearance of the rash and persists as pigmented lines after desquamation.

The sign is named after the Romanian physician Constantin Chessec Pastia (1883–1926).

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Minoru Yano
Minoru Yano (矢野 実, Yano Minoru) was an officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He was a member of the 51st Class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, ranking 185 of 255 Cadets. He took overall command of forces during the Battle of Milne Bay from Shojiro Hayashi and "was seriously wounded" during the battle.

Shojiro Hayashi
Shojiro Hayashi was an officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He was a member of the 51st Class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, ranking 182 out of 255 Cadets. He was in command of forces during the Battle of Milne Bay (specifically, the 5th Kure Naval District Special Naval Landing Force (SNLF)) until he was apparently killed during the battle. Other sources state that he was relieved of command by Minoru Yano.
Ajtai–Komlós–Tusnády theorem
The Ajtai–Komlós–Tusnády theorem (also known as the AKT optimal matching theorem) is a result in probabilistic combinatorics. Given two random, distinct sets of points  and  in the unit square , the theorem gives then upper and lower bounds for the minimal total distance needed to match the points in one set to those in the other.

The theorem was proven in 1984 by the Hungarian mathematicians Miklós Ajtai, János Komlós, and Gábor Tusnády.

Probabilistic method
In mathematics, the probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and pioneered by Paul Erdős, for proving the existence of a prescribed kind of mathematical object. It works by showing that if one randomly chooses objects from a specified class, the probability that the result is of the prescribed kind is strictly greater than zero. Although the proof uses probability, the final conclusion is determined for certain, without any possible error.

This method has now been applied to other areas of mathematics such as number theory, linear algebra, and real analysis, as well as in computer science (e.g. randomized rounding) and information theory.
Angular eccentricity
Angular eccentricity is one of many parameters which arise in the study of the ellipse or ellipsoid. It is denoted here by α (alpha). It may be defined in terms of the eccentricity, e, or the aspect ratio, b/a (the ratio of the  semi-minor axis  and the semi-major axis):

Angular eccentricity is not currently used in English language publications on mathematics, geodesy or map projections but it does appear in older literature.

Any non-dimensional parameter of the ellipse may be expressed in terms of the angular eccentricity. Such expressions are listed in the following table after the conventional definitions. in terms of the semi-axes. The notation for these parameters varies. Here we follow Rapp:

The alternative expressions for the flattenings would guard against large cancellations in numerical work.

Eccentricity (mathematics)
In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape.
One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular:

The eccentricity of a circle is 0.

The eccentricity of a non-circular ellipse is between 0 and 1.

The eccentricity of a parabola is 1.

The eccentricity of a hyperbola is greater than 1.

The eccentricity of a pair of lines is

Two conic sections with the same eccentricity are similar.
False prophet
In religion, a false prophet or pseudoprophet is a person who falsely claims the gift of prophecy or divine inspiration, or to speak for God, or who makes such claims for evil ends. Often, someone who is considered a "true prophet" by some people is simultaneously considered a "false prophet" by others, even within the same religion as the "prophet" in question. In a wider sense, it is anyone who, without having it, claims a special connection to the deity and sets themself up as a source of spirituality, as an authority, preacher, or teacher. Analogously, the term is sometimes applied outside religion to describe someone who fervently promotes a theory that the speaker thinks is false.

Al-Masih ad-Dajjal
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (Arabic: الْمَسِيحُ الدَّجَّالُ, romanized: Al-Masih ad-Dajjal, lit. 'the deceitful Messiah'), otherwise referred to simply as the Dajjal, is an antagonistic figure in Islamic apocalyptism who will pretend to be the promised Messiah and later claim to be God, appearing before the Day of Judgment according to the Islamic eschatological narrative.
The Dajjal is not mentioned in the Quran, but he is mentioned and described in the Hadith. Corresponding to the Antichrist in Christianity, the Dajjal is said to emerge out in the East, although the specific location varies among the various sources.

The Dajjal will imitate the miracles performed by Jesus, such as healing the sick and raising the dead, the latter done with the aid of demons. He will deceive many people, such as weavers, magicians, and children of fornication.
Berovo
Berovo (Macedonian: Берово, pronounced [ˈbɛrɔvɔ] ⓘ) is a small town near the Maleševo Mountains, 161 km (100 mi) from Skopje, 47 km (29 mi) from Strumica and  52 km (32 mi) from Kočani, in North Macedonia. It is the seat of Berovo Municipality.

Kočani
Kočani (Macedonian: Кочани [ˈkɔtʃani] ⓘ) is a town in the eastern part of North Macedonia, situated around 100 kilometres (62 mi) east from Skopje. It has a population of 24,632 as of 2021 and is the seat of the Kočani Municipality.
Miss Earth Venezuela 2006
Miss Earth Venezuela 2006 (Spanish: Miss Sambil Models Venezuela 2006) was the second Miss Earth Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Centro Sambil Margarita in Pampatar, Margarita Island, Venezuela on June 1, 2006.

At the end of the event, Alexandra Braun of Caracas crowned Marianne Puglia of Caracas as Miss Earth Venezuela 2006. She represented Venezuela at the Miss Earth 2006 where she won the Miss Fire title or 3rd runner up position. She also won the special prize Best in Swimsuit.

Miss Earth Venezuela
Miss Earth Venezuela is an annual beauty pageant in Venezuela. The winner of Miss Earth Venezuela obtains the right to represent the country in the Miss Earth pageant, an annual international major beauty pageant that advocates for environmental awareness, conservation, and social responsibility.

The current Miss Earth Venezuela is Roziel Borges of Aragua who was crowned on October 7, 2025 at the Globovisión Studios in Caracas, Venezuela. She will represent Venezuela at Miss Earth 2025 in the Philippines.
2008 BWF Super Series Masters Finals
The 2008 BWF Super Series Masters Finals is the season ending tournament for 2008 BWF Super Series in badminton. It is held in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia from December 18 to December 21, 2008.

The tournament was marred with the withdrawal of China, citing tiredness and injuries to their players.

2008 BWF Super Series
The 2008 BWF Super Series was the second season of the BWF Super Series. The season spanned between the continental of Asia and Europe and was starting with Malaysia Open from January 15 and ended with Hong Kong Open on November 30, 2008. The top eight ranked players competed in the Masters Finals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia from December 18 to December 21, 2008.
Crystallin
In anatomy, a crystallin is a water-soluble structural protein found in the lens and the cornea of the eye  accounting for the transparency of the structure. It has also been identified in other places such as the heart, and in aggressive breast cancer tumors.
The physical origins of eye lens transparency and its relationship to cataract are an active area of research. Since it has been shown that lens injury may promote nerve regeneration,
crystallin has been an area of neural research. So far,  it has been demonstrated that crystallin β b2 (crybb2) may be a neurite-promoting factor.

Beta sheet
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. A β-strand is a stretch of polypeptide chain typically 3 to 10 amino acids long with backbone in an extended conformation. The supramolecular association of β-sheets has been implicated in the formation of the fibrils and protein aggregates observed in amyloidosis,  Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies.
Creative and productive sets
In computability theory, productive sets and creative sets are types of sets of natural numbers that have important applications in mathematical logic.  They are a standard topic in mathematical logic textbooks such as Soare (1987) and Rogers (1987).

Deborah Joseph
Deborah A. Joseph is an American computer scientist known for her research in computational geometry, computational biology, and computational complexity theory. She is a professor emeritus of computer science at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.