hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Hallmarking Council
The British Hallmarking Council (BHC) is the organisation responsible for supervising hallmarking in the United Kingdom. It is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Business and Trade (DBT).
The BHC was created under the Hallmarking Act 1973 (c. 43) to oversee the activities of the four remaining assay offices (located in London, Birmingham, Sheffield and Edinburgh). The costs of its operations are met entirely by the four offices.

Department for Business and Trade
The Department for Business and Trade (DBT) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It was established on 7 February 2023 by a cabinet reshuffle under the Rishi Sunak premiership. The new department absorbed the functions of the former Department for International Trade and some of the functions of the former Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy.

The department is headed by the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, assisted by a number of junior ministers. The incumbent is Peter Kyle.
Wonuarra
Wonuarra is a locality south-east of Paringa at the eastern end of the South Australian Riverland region. It lies east of the Sturt Highway between Paringa and Yamba, extending from the highway to the Victorian state border.

Wonuarra was on the former Barmera railway line  of the South Australian Railways; the Wonuarra siding was the first siding south of Paringa, from where the main commodity dispatched was bagged wheat. The siding was originally named Koora, but renamed to Wonuarra because the original name was easily confused with Noora, further south.

In the 1960s, a branch line was built from the main line near Wonuarra to support construction of the proposed Chowilla Dam. It was 27.3 kilometres (17.0 mi) long, and went north-east to Murtho to the south bank of the River Murray. The dam was never built, after the South Australian government negotiated a guaranteed supply of water from the Dartmouth Dam. The railway line was removed without being used.

Yamba, South Australia
Yamba is a locality in the eastern Riverland of South Australia. It is the last place in South Australia on the Sturt Highway before crossing into Victoria. It is the site of a permanent fruit fly inspection checkpoint, and a large advertisement in the shape of an arc of a vehicle tyre spanning the road.

Yamba was previously served by a station on the Barmera railway line.
Clint Crowe
Clinton Thomas Crowe (born June 12, 1973) is an American politician from Georgia. Crowe is a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives for District 110, which covers Butts County as well as portions of Monroe County and Newton County. Prior to the 2023 redistricting, he represented portions of Butts County, Newton County, and Henry County in the 110th District.

Butts County, Georgia
Butts County is a county in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,434, up from 23,655 in 2010. The county seat is Jackson. The county was created on December 24, 1825.

Butts County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA. In 2010, the center of population of Georgia was located in the northeastern portion of the county.
Svinjak
Mount Svinjak (pronounced [sʋiˈnjaːk]) is a 1,653-meter (5,423 ft) mountain in northwestern Slovenia in the Julian Alps. It stands east-northeast of Bovec.

The name of the mountain is derived from *Svitnjak 'shining one' (< svit 'dawn; light, shining') because it is illuminated by the rising sun when viewed from Bovec. The resemblance to the common noun svinjak (with various meanings: 'pigsty', 'pig dung'; 'cat's ear') is coincidental.

Julian Alps
The Julian Alps (Slovene: Julijske Alpe, Italian: Alpi Giulie, Venetian: Alpe Jułie, Friulian: Alps Juliis, German: Julische Alpen) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretches from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large part of the Julian Alps is included in Triglav National Park. The second highest peak of the range, the 2,755 m high Jôf di Montasio, lies in Italy.

The Julian Alps cover an estimated 4,400 km2 (of which 1,542 km2 lies in Italy). They are located between the Sava Valley and Canale Valley. They are divided into the Eastern and Western Julian Alps.
Marcel Ichac
Marcel Ichac (22 October 1906 – 9 April 1994) was a French alpinist, explorer, photographer and film director. Born in Rueil-Malmaison, France, Ichac was one of the first people to introduce electronic music in cinema using the ondes Martenot instrument for Karakoram (1936) and released the first French short in CinemaScope, Nouveaux Horizons (1953). He also accompanied the French Alpine Club's 1950 expedition that climbed Annapurna led by Maurice Herzog, which included climbing luminaries Lionel Terray, Louis Lachenal and Gaston Rébuffat.

Gaston Rébuffat
Gaston Rébuffat (French pronunciation: [ɡastɔ̃ ʁebyfa]; 7 May 1921, Marseille – 31 May 1985, Paris) was a French alpinist, mountain guide, and author. He is well known as a member of the first expedition to summit Annapurna 1 in 1950 and the first man to climb all six of the great north faces of the Alps. In 1984, he was made an officer in the French Legion of Honour for his service as a mountaineering instructor for the French military. At the age of 64, Gaston Rébuffat died of cancer in Paris, France. The rock-climbing technique, the "Gaston", was named after him. A photo of Rébuffat atop the Aiguille du Roc in the French Alps is on the Voyager Golden Records.
XYL-3001
XYL-3001, formerly known as PSYLO-3001, is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychoplastogen which is under development for the treatment of depressive disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Its route of administration is unspecified. The drug is being developed by Xylo Bio (previously Psylo). As of January 2025, it is in the preclinical research stage of development. XYL-3001's chemical structure does not yet appear to have been disclosed.

Psychoplastogen
Psychoplastogens, also known as neuroplastogens, are a group of small molecule drugs that produce rapid and sustained effects on neuronal structure and function, intended to manifest therapeutic benefit after a single administration.

Several existing psychoplastogens have been identified and their therapeutic effects demonstrated; several are presently at various stages of development as medications including ketamine, MDMA, scopolamine, and the serotonergic psychedelics, including LSD, psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin), DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT.

Compounds of this sort are being explored as therapeutics for a variety of brain disorders including depression, addiction, and PTSD. The ability to rapidly promote neuronal changes via mechanisms of neuroplasticity was recently discovered as the common therapeutic activity and mechanism of action.
Catholic Orthodox Church of France
The Orthodox Catholic Church of France (L'ECOF, French: Église catholique orthodoxe de France), also known as the Orthodox Church of France (French: Église orthodoxe de France), is an Eastern Orthodox church mostly in France comprising two dioceses and using a reconstruction of the Gallican Rite. Although the OCCF has been in communion with various canonical Eastern Orthodox churches during its history, at present it is not in communion with any canonical body.

Christianity in France
Christianity in France is the largest religion in the country. France is home to the Taizé Community, an ecumenical Christian monastic fraternity in Taizé, Saône-et-Loire, Burgundy. With a focus on youth, it has become one of the world's most important sites of Christian pilgrimage with over 100,000 young people from around the world converging each year for prayer, Bible study, sharing, and communal work.
Alexander III Commemorative (Fabergé egg)
The Alexander III Commemorative egg is a jewelled enameled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1909, for Nicholas II of Russia, who presented it to his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna.

The egg commemorates Alexander III of Russia, who had died fifteen years previously. The egg is one of three to commemorate Alexander, along with the Alexander III Portraits, and Alexander III Equestrian  eggs. The surprise was a miniature gold bust of Alexander.

The Alexander III Commemorative egg is one of the six Imperial Fabergé eggs that are currently missing; and one of only three lost eggs of which a photograph exists, the others being the 1889 Nécessaire and 1903's Royal Danish.

Alexander III Equestrian (Fabergé egg)
The Alexander III Equestrian egg is a jewelled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1910, for the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II.

Tsar Nicholas presented the Fabergé egg to his mother the Dowager Empress, Maria Fyodorovna, wife of the previous Tsar, Alexander III.
2003 Artistic World Skating Championships
The 2003 Artistic World Skating Championships was the second Artistic Skating World Championship. The event was held in the Luna Park Stadium, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The championship was held between 8 and 23 November 2003.

Artistic Skating World Championships
The Artistic Skating World Championships ('Worlds') is an annual artistic roller skating competition sanctioned by World Skate (previously the International Roller Sports Federation; FIRS) in which elite figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion. First held in 1946, the event is regarded the most prestigious of the sport and a world title is considered to be the highest competitive achievement in artistic skating. Skaters compete in many different categories such as men's singles, ladies singles, pairs, and junior categories at the World Championships.

Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Skate banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from its competitions, and will not stage any events in Russia or Belarus in 2022.
Macropsia
Macropsia is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the person to feel smaller than they actually are. Macropsia, along with its opposite condition, micropsia, can be categorized under dysmetropsia. Macropsia is related to other conditions dealing with visual perception, such as aniseikonia and Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS, also known as Todd's syndrome).  Macropsia has a wide range of causes, from prescription and illicit drugs, to migraines and (rarely) complex partial epilepsy, and to different retinal conditions, such as epiretinal membrane. Physiologically, retinal macropsia results from the compression of cones in the eye. It is the compression of receptor distribution that results in greater stimulation and thus a larger perceived image of an object.

Diplopia
Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced in relation to each other. Also called double vision, it is a loss of visual focus under regular conditions, and is often voluntary. However, when occurring involuntarily, it results from impaired function of the extraocular muscles, where both eyes are still functional, but they cannot turn to target the desired object. Problems with these muscles may be due to mechanical problems, disorders of the neuromuscular junction, disorders of the cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) that innervate the muscles, and occasionally disorders involving the supranuclear oculomotor pathways or ingestion of toxins.

Diplopia can be one of the first signs of a systemic disease, particularly to a muscular or neurological process, and it may disrupt a person's balance, movement, or reading abilities.
Naomi Johnson
Naomi Johnson (c. 1909 – ?) was an American showgirl and Ziegfeld Girl who performed in Broadway productions during the 1920s and early 1930s. She was known for her beauty and intelligence, and was described by photographer Alfred Cheney Johnston as "the most beautiful of all Ziegfeld's beauties, past or present."

Showgirl
A showgirl is a female performer in a theatrical revue who wears an exotic and revealing costume and in some shows may appear topless. Showgirls are usually dancers, sometimes performing as chorus girls, burlesque dancers or fan dancers, and many are classically trained with skills in ballet.

The French view the term showgirl as an American idiomatic expression. Some strip clubs and some strippers use the term showgirl as part of their business name.
Mike Stern
Mike Stern (born Michael Sedgwick, January 10, 1953) is an American jazz guitarist. After playing with Blood, Sweat & Tears, he worked with drummer Billy Cobham, then with trumpeter Miles Davis from 1981 to 1983 and again in 1985. He then began a solo career, releasing more than 20 albums.

Stern was named Best Jazz Guitarist of 1993 by Guitar Player magazine. At the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal in June 2007, he was given the Miles Davis Award, which was created to recognize internationally acclaimed jazz artists whose work has contributed significantly to the renewal of the genre. In 2009, Stern was listed on Down Beat's list of 75 best jazz guitarists of all time. He received Guitar Player magazine's Certified Legend Award on January 21, 2012.

Jeff Lorber
Jeffrey H. Lorber (born November 4, 1952) is an American keyboardist, composer, and record producer. After six previous nominations, Lorber won his first Grammy Award on January 28, 2018 for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album for Prototype by his band the Jeff Lorber Fusion.

Many of his songs have appeared on the Weather Channel's Local on the 8s segments and on the channel's compilation albums, The Weather Channel Presents: The Best of Smooth Jazz and The Weather Channel Presents: Smooth Jazz II. He was nominated for a Grammy Award for his album He Had a Hat (Blue Note, 2007)
MacArthur Thruway
MacArthur Thruway (Chinese: 麥克阿瑟公路; pinyin: Màikèāsè Gōnglù; shortened to 麥帥公路; Mài Shuài Gōnglù), was the first controlled-access highway in Taiwan, linking Taipei to Keelung from 1964 to 1977. It was a predecessor to the Taiwan's National Highway System.

Nanjing Road (Taipei)
Nanjing Road (Chinese: 南京路; pinyin: Nánjīng Lù) is a major arterial road in Taipei, Taiwan, connecting the Datong district in the west with the Zhongshan and Songshan districts in the east. Nanjing Road is known for heavy traffic channeling from the MacArthur Bridge into central Taipei.  There are bus lanes and platforms in the middle of the roadway to facilitate transit on the roadway. Taipei Metro’s Green line runs under Nanjing Road for most of the corridor.
Illinois Route 173
Illinois Route 173 (IL 173) is a 66.20-mile-long (106.54 km) east–west state highway that runs from Illinois Route 251 in the Rockford suburb of Machesney Park east to Illinois Route 137 (Sheridan Road) in Zion near the Illinois-Wisconsin border.  Illinois Route 173 is also one of the northernmost east-west state highways in Illinois.   On Interstate 94 (Tri-State Tollway) traveling south from Wisconsin, it is the second road seen which has an interchange at that location.  Similarly, when traveling south/east from Wisconsin on Interstates 39/90 and U.S. Route 51 (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway), Illinois Route 173 is only the third exit into Illinois.  In 2008, the entirety of Illinois 173 has been designated the 173rd Airborne Brigade Highway

Tri-State Tollway
The Tri-State Tollway is a controlled-access toll road in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. Originally U.S. Route 41 Toll, it follows:

Interstate 94 from I-41/US 41 in Newport Township to I-94 in Northbrook;

Interstate 294 from I-94 in Northbrook to I-294 in Hazel Crest; and

Interstate 80 from I-294 in Hazel Crest to I-94/I-294/IL 394 in South Holland.
Naval aviator (United States)
A naval aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a crewed aircraft pilot in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps. United States Coast Guard crewed aircraft pilots are officially designated as "Coast Guard aviators", although they complete the same undergraduate flight training as Navy and Marine Corps crewed aircraft pilots, and are awarded the same aviation breast insignia.

Boeing E-6 Mercury
The Boeing E-6 Mercury (formerly E-6 Hermes) is an airborne command post and communications relay based on the Boeing 707-300. The original E-6A manufactured by Boeing's defense division entered service with the United States Navy in July 1989, replacing the EC-130Q. This platform, now modified to the E-6B standard, conveys instructions from the National Command Authority to fleet ballistic missile submarines (see communication with submarines), a mission known as TACAMO ("Take Charge And Move Out").

The E-6B model deployed in October 1998 has the ability to remotely control Minuteman ICBMs using the Airborne Launch Control System. The E-6B replaced Air Force EC-135Cs in the Looking Glass role, providing command and control of U.S. nuclear forces should ground-based control become inoperable. With production lasting until 1991, the E-6 was the final new derivative of the Boeing 707 to be built.
World Cricket League Division Six
ICC World Cricket League Division Six was part of the World Cricket League (WCL) system, but was abolished after the 2015 tournament. Like all other divisions, it was contested as a standalone tournament rather than as an actual league.

The inaugural Division Six tournament was held in 2009, hosted by Singapore, and featured six teams. The next two tournaments (in 2011 and 2013) featured the same number, which was increased to eight for the 2015 tournament. Because the WCL operates on a system of promotion and relegation, teams have generally only participated in one or two Division Six tournaments before being either promoted to Division Five, relegated to Division Seven (2009 and 2011), or relegated to regional competitions (2013 and 2015). Overall, 15 teams have played in at least one Division Six tournament, with Guernsey featuring three times (more than any other team). Malaysia and Singapore, which began in Division Six in 2009, have since progressed to Division Three.

World Cricket League Division Three
ICC World Cricket League Division Three forms part of the World Cricket League (WCL) system. Like all other divisions, WCL Division Three is contested as a standalone tournament rather than as an actual league.

The inaugural Division Three tournament was held in 2007, and featured eight teams. All subsequent editions have featured six teams.  Because the WCL operates on a system of promotion and relegation, teams have generally only participated in one or two Division Three tournaments before either being promoted to Division Two or relegated to Division Four. Overall, 18 teams have featured in a Division Three tournament. Uganda has qualified for the division on six out of the seven occasions it has been held, while the United States has qualified on five occasions.
Durishun
Durishun (Persian: دوريشون, also Romanized as Dūrīshūn) is a village in Sepidar Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 5 families.

Sepidar Rural District (Boyer-Ahmad County)
Sepidar Rural District (Persian: دهستان سپيدار) is in Sepidar District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Pazanan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sepidar, now a city.
Melissa Cody
Melissa Cody (born 1983) is a Navajo textile artist, from No Water Mesa, Arizona, United States. Her Germantown Revival style weavings are known for their bold colors and intricate three dimensional patterns. Cody maintains aspects of traditional Navajo tapestries, but also adds her own elements into her work. These elements range from personal tributes to pop culture references.

Her tapestries have been described as "[…] deeply personal, beautifully crafted, powerfully expressive works of art that speak to her culture and generation." She resides in Long Beach, California.

Long Walk of the Navajo
The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo (Spanish: larga caminata del navajo), was the deportation and ethnic cleansing of the Navajo people by the United States federal government and the United States army. Navajos were forced to walk from their land in western New Mexico Territory (modern-day Arizona and New Mexico) to Bosque Redondo in eastern New Mexico. Some 53 different forced marches occurred between August 1864 and the end of 1866. In total, 10,000 Navajos and 500 Mescalero Apache were forced to the internment camp in Bosque Redondo. During the forced march and internment, up to 3,500 people died from starvation and disease over a four-year period. In 1868, the Navajo were allowed to return to their ancestral homeland following the Treaty of Bosque Redondo. Some anthropologists state that the "collective trauma of the Long Walk ... is critical to contemporary Navajos' sense of identity as a people".
Sadali, Chikkaballapura
Sadali is a hobli  (group of villages) headquarters in Chikballapur district, Karnataka, India. It is located at a distance of about 100 km from Bangalore. It is equidistant from five taluk headquarters: Shidlaghatta, Chintamani, Bagepalli, Gudibanda and Chikballapur.

Sadali has mythological, historical and semi-historical folklore links.

Chintamani, Karnataka
Chintamani is a Taluk Headquarters in the Indian state of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka. Chintamani is one of the well planned and developed Towns in the District of Kolar (before splitting) and presently Chikkaballapur. Chintamani is known for its silk and tomato production and their largest markets in Karnataka.
Simulation (computer science)
In theoretical computer science, a simulation is a relation between state transition systems associating systems that behave in the same way in the sense that one system simulates the other.

Intuitively, a system simulates another system if it can match all of its moves.

The basic definition relates states within one transition system, but this is easily adapted to relate two separate transition systems by building a system consisting of the disjoint union of the corresponding components.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.