hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aleksandar Zega
Aleksandar Zega (29 May 1860 – 29 March 1928) was a Serbian chemist. He held professional positions in the Government, Municipal and Customs Laboratories, and made a number of applied and theoretical contributions. He dealt with analytical and organic chemistry, specifically the analysis of mineral waters and foodstuffs. He studied and worked in Switzerland, however he wrote and published most of his works during his work and stay in Serbia. He was a contemporary of Milorad Z. Jovičić (1868–1937) and Wladimir Brunetti.

Orcinol
Orcinol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(OH)2. It occurs in many species of lichens including Roccella tinctoria and Lecanora. Orcinol has been detected in the "toxic glue" of the ant species Camponotus saundersi. It is a colorless solid. It is related to resorcinol, 1,3-C6H4(OH)2.
Strangled Lives
Strangled Lives (Italian: Vite strozzate, French: Le jour du chien) is a 1996 French-Italian crime film directed by Ricky Tognazzi. It was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Alfred Bauer Prize.

Alfred Bauer Prize
The Alfred Bauer Prize was an annual film award, presented by the Berlin International Film Festival, as part of its Silver Bear series of awards, to a film that "opens new perspectives on cinematic art". The prize was suspended in 2020 after it was revealed that the founding director of the festival Alfred Bauer had been an active high-ranking Nazi closely involved in a propaganda organisation set up by Joseph Goebbels. The award was presented by the international jury under the title “The Silver Bear – 70th Berlinale”, for that year edition of the festival.
Karayazıcı
Karayazici (Ottoman Turkish: قره یازجی, romanized: Karayazıcı, lit. 'The Black Scribe'; c. 1554 – c. 1602), also known by his first name Abdülhalim (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحلیم, romanized: ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm), was a leader of the Celali rebellions in the late 16th century Ottoman Empire. His nickname originated from his role as a sekban scribe. He is recognized as the first Celali leader to declare sovereignty in Anatolia, under the title Halim Shah.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Babu Valley
Babu Valley (Maltese: Wied Babu) is a small valley near Żurrieq, Malta. The valley is considered to be one of the most lushest in Malta and is a minor tourist attraction due to its vistas of the Blue Grotto. The valley is also known for its climbing and trekking sites. Certain parts of the valley were under controversy in 2019 after several reports stating that the entirety of the valley is privately owned surfaced.

Żurrieq
Żurrieq (Maltese: Iż-Żurrieq [ɪzːʊˈrːɪːʔ]) is a town in the Western Region of Malta. It is one of the oldest towns in the country, and has a population of 11,823 inhabitants as of March 2014. Żurrieq is one of the 10 parishes to be documented in 1436 and is dedicated to Saint Catherine. The island of Filfla is administratively a part of the town. The town stretches from Nigret to Ħal Far. In old times the town had a border with Żejtun. The village of Qrendi used to be part of the parish of Żurrieq until 1618 when it was made into its own parish.

Żurrieq is part of District 5 and votes for the local council every five years. The council is made up of nine members, one of them is the mayor.
Pingxi station (Shenzhen Metro)
Pingxi station (Chinese: 坪西; pinyin: Píngxī Zhàn; Jyutping: Ping4sai1 Zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Pìngsāi Jaahm) is a station on Line 3 of Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 December 2024, and is located underground in Pingdi Subdistrict in Longgang District.

The station is part of the fourth phase of Line 3 (East Extension).

Longgang, Shenzhen
Longgang District (simplified Chinese: 龙岗区; traditional Chinese: 龍崗區; pinyin: Lónggǎng Qū; Jyutping: lung4gong1 keoi1) is one of the nine districts of Shenzhen, Guangdong. It is located in northeastern Shenzhen. With an area of 682.87 square kilometres (263.66 sq mi), Longgang District is one of the largest districts by area in Guangdong province. The population of the district is 3,979,037 (2020).
Private view
A private view is a special viewing of an exhibition by invitation only, often an art exhibition and normally a preview at the start of a public exhibition. In the United Kingdom, a private view is generally open to all visitors. Typically wine and light refreshments are served in the form of a reception. If the works on show are by a living artist, it is normal for them to attend the private view. Artworks on view are typically for sale.

This type of exhibition set in a private setting is commonly referred to as the vernissage.

Party
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature food and beverages, and generally conversation, music, dancing, or other forms of entertainment.

Some parties are held in honor of a specific person, day, or event, such as a birthday party, a Super Bowl party, or a St. Patrick's Day party. Parties of this kind are often called celebrations. A party is not necessarily a private occasion. Public parties are sometimes held in parks, restaurants, pubs, beer gardens, nightclubs, or bars, and people attending such parties may be charged an admission fee by the host. Large parties in public streets may celebrate events such as Mardi Gras or the signing of a peace treaty ending a long war.
South Metropolitan Electric Light and Power Company
The South Metropolitan Electric Light and Power Company Limited was a British electricity undertaking. It was established in 1904 upon the amalgamation of two south London companies which had supplied electricity in south east London since 1893. It owned and operated a power station at Blackwell Point and one at Penge. From 1925 it formed an association with three other London companies, with the intention of centralising electricity generation in the new, high thermal efficiency, power station at Barking. The South Metropolitan Company was abolished in March 1948 upon the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry.

Barking Power Station
Barking Power Station refers to a series of power stations at various sites within the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in east London. The original power station site, of the coal-fired A, B and C stations, was at River Road, Creekmouth, on the north bank of the River Thames. These stations were decommissioned by 1981 and were subsequently demolished. The later gas-fired power station (originally generally known as Barking Reach Power Station) was built further down the Thames near Dagenham Dock in the early 1990s. The site of the former power stations is being redeveloped as Barking Riverside.
Mrakia frigida
Mrakia frigida  is a species of fungus in the order Cystofilobasidiales. The species occurs in both a yeast and hyphal state, the latter producing teliospores from which basidia emerge. It was originally isolated in its yeast state from Antarctic snow.

Cystofilobasidiales
The Cystofilobasidiales are an order of fungi in the class Tremellomycetes of the Basidiomycota. They usually exhibit a life phase of free-living yeasts. The order contains two families with seven genera and some 25 species.
Fallacies of definition
Fallacies of definition are the various ways in which definitions can fail to explain terms. The phrase is used to suggest an analogy with an informal fallacy. Definitions may fail to have merit, because they are overly broad, overly narrow, or incomprehensible; or they use obscure or ambiguous language, contain mutually exclusive parts, or (perhaps most commonly) are circular.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
Pedro Riesco
Pedro Riesco Herrera (born 25 October 1969) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward. After retirement, he worked as a youth coach and an agent, as well as having success in amateur seven-a-side football.

He amassed La Liga totals of 93 games and 12 goals during four seasons with Rayo Vallecano, Deportivo La Coruña, Real Valladolid and Albacete Balompié. He also played in the second and third tiers of Spanish football in the course of a 14-year professional career.

1994–95 Copa del Rey
The 1994–95 Copa del Rey was the 93rd staging of the Copa del Rey.

The competition started on 28 September 1994 and concluded on 27 June 1995 with the Final, held at the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu in Madrid.
Hello Kitty Island Adventure
Hello Kitty Island Adventure is a 2023 life simulation video game. Based on the Hello Kitty brand, it was released for Apple Arcade on July 28, 2023. A port for Nintendo Switch and Microsoft Windows also released on January 30, 2025, and a port for PlayStation 5 released on August 5, 2025.

Life simulation game
Life simulation games form a subgenre of simulation video games in which the player lives or controls one or more virtual characters (human or otherwise). Such a game can revolve around "individuals and relationships, or it could be a simulation of an ecosystem". Other terms include artificial life game and simulated life game (SLG).
Fun on Earth
Fun on Earth is the fifth studio album by English musician Roger Taylor, best known as the drummer in British rock band Queen, released on 11 November 2013 through Virgin EMI in the United Kingdom and Hollywood Records in America. It was recorded in late 2008 and throughout 2009, after the conclusion of Queen + Paul Rodgers' Rock the Cosmos Tour, and was continued after the collaboration ended. It was the first album he had worked on since 2008's The Cosmos Rocks with Queen + Paul Rodgers, and his first solo album since 1998's Electric Fire.It reached #69 in UK album chart.

Electric Fire
Electric Fire is the fourth solo album by Roger Taylor (of the band Queen), released in 1998. It features a cover of John Lennon's song "Working Class Hero".
The album came not long before Taylor's performance at Cyber Barn in the same year. Following the gloomy album Happiness?, Electric Fire also included gloomy elements but was, on the whole, a bit more bright.

Two singles from the album, "Pressure On" and "Surrender" charted on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 45 and 38 respectively.
Colditz
Colditz (German pronunciation: [ˈkɔldɪts] ⓘ) is a small town in the district of Leipzig, in Saxony, Germany. It is best known for Colditz Castle, the site of the Oflag IV-C POW camp for officers in World War II.

Pat Reid
Patrick Robert Reid, MBE, MC (13 November 1910 – 22 May 1990) was a British Army officer and author of history. As a British prisoner of war during the Second World War, he was held captive at Colditz Castle when it was designated Oflag IV-C. Reid was one of the few to escape from Colditz, crossing the border into neutral Switzerland in late 1942.

After the war Reid was a diplomat and administrator before eventually returning to his prewar career in civil engineering. He also wrote about his experiences in two best-selling books, which became the basis of a film, TV series and board game.
USS Dyess
USS Dyess (DD/DDR-880), a Gearing-class destroyer, was a ship of the United States Navy named for Aquilla James Dyess (1909–1944). Dyess was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for his leadership of his battalion of Marines in the Battle of Kwajalein. The ship was laid down by Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange, Texas on 17 August 1944, launched on 26 January 1945 and commissioned on 21 May 1945. The vessel spent the majority of her career patrolling the Mediterranean Sea with NATO forces. The ship was decommissioned on 27 January 1981 and sold to Greece the same year for spare parts.

Charleston Naval Shipyard
Charleston Naval Shipyard (formerly known as the Charleston Navy Yard) was a U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River, in North Charleston, South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston.
Klimavichy
Klimavichy (Belarusian: Клiмавiчы, romanized: Klimavičy; Russian: Климовичи, romanized: Klimovichi) is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Klimavichy District. Klimavichy is located 124 km (77.05 mi) east of Mogilev on the bank of the Kalinica River. In 2009, its population was 17,064. As of 2025, it has a population of 14,868.

Mogilev
Mogilev, or Mahilyow, is a city in eastern Belarus. It is located on the Dnieper River, about 76 kilometres (47 miles) from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and 105 km (65 miles) from Bryansk Oblast. As of 2025, it has a population of 352,896. In 2011, its population was 360,918, up from an estimated 106,000 in 1956. It serves as the administrative centre of Mogilev Region, and is the third-largest city in Belarus.
Vector spherical harmonics
In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for use with vector fields. The components of the VSH are complex-valued functions expressed in the spherical coordinate basis vectors.

Unit vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in  (pronounced "v-hat"). The term normalized vector is sometimes used as a synonym for unit vector.

The normalized vector û of a non-zero vector u is the unit vector in the direction of u, i.e.,

where ‖u‖ is the norm (or length) of u and .

The proof is the following:

A unit vector is often used to represent directions, such as normal directions.
Unit vectors are often chosen to form the basis of a vector space, and every vector in the space may be written as a linear combination form of unit vectors.
Kylie V
Kylie V is a Canadian singer-songwriter based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Born Kylie Van Slyke, they debuted with their EP Lotus Eater in December 2018. Their first full-length album Big Blue was released in February 2021. Their second full-length album Crash Test Plane will be released November 15, 2024 by Royal Mountain Records. They have since performed with acts such as Men I Trust, quinnie, Mal Blum, Peach Pit, and Peach Kelli Pop.

Van Slyke began playing guitar at age thirteen, inspired by fellow Vancouver indie rock musicians Peach Pit. They were raised in a musical family, their mother being a singer, father a drummer, maternal grandfather a drummer and drum maker, and paternal grandfather a trumpeter. Van Slyke has also cited artists such as Phoebe Bridgers, Big Thief, Snail Mail, Crywank, Christian Lee Hutson, and Neutral Milk Hotel as influences on their work.

Mal Blum
Mal Blum is an American songwriter, musician, writer and performer from New York. Blum has released six full-length albums, either self-released or on independent record labels, the most recent being The Villain (2025).
Every Man Has a Woman
Every Man Has a Woman is a tribute album to Yoko Ono for her 50th birthday. It contains covers of her songs from the albums Approximately Infinite Universe (1973), Double Fantasy (1980), Season of Glass (1981), and It's Alright (I See Rainbows) (1982). The album was purportedly one of John Lennon's projects, but Lennon was murdered before he could see its completion. The liner notes for the vinyl LP feature an essay by Ono entitled "A Crystal Ball".

Another tribute album to Ono in a similar vein entitled Yes, I'm a Witch was released to very positive reviews in 2007, featuring such artists as Peaches, Cat Power and The Flaming Lips.

Approximately Infinite Universe
Approximately Infinite Universe is the third solo album by Yoko Ono, released in early 1973 on Apple Records. A double album, it represents a departure from the experimental avant garde rock of her first two albums towards a more conventional pop/rock sound, while also dabbling in feminist rock. It peaked at number 193 in the United States.
2025 deaths in the United States
The following notable deaths in the United States occurred in 2025. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order.
A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:
Name, age, country of citizenship at birth and subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, year of birth (if known), and reference.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Renunciation of citizenship
Renunciation of citizenship is the voluntary loss of citizenship. It is the opposite of naturalization, whereby a person voluntarily obtains citizenship. It is distinct from denaturalization, where citizenship is revoked by the state.

Expatriation tax
An expatriation tax or emigration tax is a tax on persons who cease to be tax-resident in a country. This often takes the form of a capital gains tax against unrealised gain attributable to the period in which the taxpayer was a tax resident of the country in question. In most cases, expatriation tax is assessed upon change of domicile or habitual residence; in the United States, which is one of only three countries (Eritrea and Myanmar are the others) to substantively tax its overseas citizens, the tax is applied upon relinquishment of American citizenship, on top of all taxes previously paid. Australia has "Deemed disposal tax" which in essence is exit tax.
William Knapp Thorn
William Knapp Thorn, Jr. (April 10, 1848 – November 16, 1910) was an American champion polo player and the grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt. Also, he was a hunter and horse-rider. He was one of the best-known sportsmen in the United States and France.

Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877), nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father's business, he worked his way into leadership positions in inland and coastal shipping, then invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry, effectively transforming the geography of the United States.

As one of the richest Americans in history and wealthiest figures overall, Vanderbilt was the patriarch of the wealthy and influential Vanderbilt family. He provided the initial gift to found Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. For his monopoly on shipping and the railroads, facilitated in part by political manipulation, Vanderbilt is often described as either a "captain of industry" or a "robber baron".
History of Sunderland
In 685, King Ecgfrith granted Benedict Biscop a "sunder-land". Also in 685 The Venerable Bede moved to the newly founded Jarrow monastery. He had started his monastic career at Monkwearmouth monastery and later wrote that he was "ácenned on sundorlande þæs ylcan mynstres" (born in a separate land of this same monastery). This can be taken as "sundorlande" (being Old English for "separate land") or the settlement of Sunderland. Alternatively, it is possible that Sunderland was later named in honour of Bede's connections to the area by people familiar with this statement of his.

Ryhope
Ryhope (/ˈraɪ.əp/ RY-əp) is a coastal village along the southern boundary of the City of Sunderland, in Tyne and Wear, England. With a population of approximately 14,000, measured at 10.484 in the 2011 census, Ryhope is 2.9 miles to the centre of Sunderland, 2.8 miles to the centre of Seaham, and 1.2 miles from the main A19.

The older village section is centred on a triangular 'green', which contains a war monument. The newer 'Colliery' area of Ryhope flanks the Ryhope Street/Tunstall Bank Road, which lead toward the Tunstall and Silksworth areas of Sunderland.
De WAR
De WAR (Dutch for mess, chaos, confusion) is a social centre for the arts and citizen science, including a fab lab at Amersfoort, the Netherlands. A fab lab (fabrication laboratory) is a small-scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication. De WAR is a nonprofit volunteer organisation outside of Dutch academia and educational system, and is part of the Dutch maker and hacker culture scene. It organizes public events, exhibits and workshops connecting technology, sustainability, science and arts. FabLab Amersfoort opened within De WAR in 2010, as one of the first grassroots fab labs.

Maker culture
The maker culture is a contemporary subculture representing a technology-based extension of DIY culture that intersects with hardware-oriented parts of hacker culture and revels in the creation of new devices as well as tinkering with existing ones. The maker culture in general supports open-source hardware. Typical interests enjoyed by the maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as electronics, robotics, 3-D printing, and the use of computer numeric control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking, woodworking, and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts.

The subculture stresses a cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies, and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture.