hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Baptist Association
The American Baptist Association (ABA) is a Baptist denomination in the United States with offices, a book store, and a publishing house in Texarkana. One of the principal founders was the Reverend Ben M. Bogard (1868–1951), a pastor of Antioch Missionary Baptist Church at Little Rock, Arkansas.

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately 180 miles (290 km) from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The Texas city's population was 36,193 at the 2020 census.

The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana metropolitan statistical area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. The two cities had a combined population of 65,580 in the 2020 decennial census, and the metropolitan area had a population of 149,482.
2022 Haqeeqi Azadi march
The 2022 Haqeeqi Azadi March (Urdu: حقیقی آزادی, lit. 'True Freedom March') was a month-long march from October 28 to November 26, 2022 led by Imran Khan, former prime minister of Pakistan, from Lahore to Rawalpindi against the Shehbaz Sharif ministry. It succeeded 2022 Azadi march, which took place in May. There was an attempted assassination of Imran Khan in Wazirabad on 3 November, which caused an eight-day pause to the march.

On November 27, Khan called off the march and said he would not continue to Islamabad. Instead, Khan announced the resignation of PTI from all assemblies and pushed for the dissolution of the provincial assemblies of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to force early elections.

Khabrain
Daily Khabrain (Urdu: روزنامہ خبریں) is a Pakistani daily newspaper based in Lahore. The Daily Khabrain is published by the Khabrain Group of Newspapers. It is published simultaneously from Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Multan, Hyderabad, Muzaffarabad South Punjab Bahawalpur and Sukkur.

It is a member publication of All Pakistan Newspapers Society organization.
Grötzsch's theorem
In the mathematical field of graph theory, Grötzsch's theorem is the statement that every triangle-free planar graph can be colored with only three colors. According to the four-color theorem, every graph that can be drawn in the plane without edge crossings can have its vertices colored using at most four different colors, so that the two endpoints of every edge have different colors, but according to Grötzsch's theorem only three colors are needed for planar graphs that do not contain three mutually adjacent vertices.

Robin Thomas (mathematician)
Robin Thomas (August 22, 1962 – March 26, 2020) was a mathematician working in graph theory at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Thomas received his doctorate in 1985 from Charles University in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), under the supervision of Jaroslav Nešetřil. He joined the faculty at Georgia Tech in 1989, and became a Regents' Professor there,
briefly serving as the department Chair.
Chirakkara
Chirakkara  is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India. Chirakkara is 16 km away from the town of Kollam and 8 km away from Paravur Town, which is famous for festivals, estuary, backwaters and beaches.

Polachira
Polachira is a wetland spread over 600 hectares located near Paravur Municipality in Kollam District of Kerala, India. Formerly part of the Chathannoor Grama Panchayath, it is now located in the Chirakkara Grama Panchayath. Polachira is about 2 km south of Chathannoor town and 9 km north east of Paravur town. Chathannoor-Polachira-Ozhukupara Bund Across Road is the main access to Paravoor.
Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities
Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities or Moscow State University for Humanities named after M.A. Sholokhov (Russian: Московский государственный гуманитарный университет имени М.А. Шолохова) was founded in 1951 as Moscow Pedagogical Institute for Correspondence Studies (Russian: Московский заочный педагогический институт). Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities bears an honorary name of Mikhail Sholokhov - a Russian writer who won the Nobel Prize for literature  in 1965. It has been merged with Moscow State Pedagogical University in 2015.

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Thoracochaeta zosterae
Thoracochaeta zosterae is a species of fly in the family Sphaeroceridae, the lesser dung flies. It is found in the  Palearctic .
Thoracochaeta zosterae is a typical inhabitant of sea coasts. The larvae live in seaweed.

Sphaeroceridae
Sphaeroceridae are a family of true flies in the order Diptera, often called small dung flies, lesser dung flies or lesser corpse flies due to their saprophagous habits. They belong to the typical fly suborder Brachycera as can be seen by their short antennae, and more precisely they are members of the section Schizophora. There are over 1,300 species and about 125 genera accepted as valid today, but new taxa are still being described.

Unlike the large "corpse flies" or blow-flies of the family Calliphoridae and the large dung flies of the family Scathophagidae, the small dung flies are members of the schizophoran subsection Acalyptratae. Among their superfamily Sphaeroceroidea, they seem to be particularly close relatives of the family Heleomyzidae.
Mausoleum of Maytham al-Tammar
The Mausoleum of Maytham al-Tammar (Arabic: مرقد ميثم التمار) is a Shi'ite religious complex located in Kufa, Iraq. It is dedicated to Maytham ibn Yahya al-Tammar, a companion of Ali ibn Abi Talib who was executed by the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. The mosque and shrine complex is located to the west of the Great Mosque of Kufa.

Great Mosque of Kufa
The Great Mosque of Kufa (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْكُوفَة ٱلْمُعَظَّم/ٱلْأَعْظَم, romanized: Masjid al-Muʿaẓẓam/al-ʾAʿaẓam), or Masjid al-Kufa, is a Shi'ite mosque and shrine, located in Kufa, in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Completed in 670 CE, it is one of the earliest surviving mosques in the world. The mosque was home to Ali ibn Abi Talib, the 4th Rashidun caliph; and contains the shrine of Muslim ibn Aqeel, his companion Hani ibn Urwa, and the revolutionary, Al-Mukhtar. The mosque has been significantly rebuilt and restored multiple times in its history.
Overton Hill
Overton Hill is a 571 ft (174 m) hill at the southern edge of the Marlborough Downs in Wiltshire, England.  It lies just west of the village of West Overton and about 4 miles (6 km) west from the town of Marlborough. The A4 road passes close to the north, and to the south is the River Kennet.

The hill is notable for being the start point of the Ridgeway National Trail, which follows an ancient trackway. There several scheduled archaeological sites including several round barrows (burial mounds) on it, and the site of an Iron Age wooden circle known as The Sanctuary, indicating human activity for thousands of years. The hill is part of the Avebury section of the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site.

North Wessex Downs
The North Wessex Downs are an area of chalk downland landscapes, largely turfed by grassland, located in the southern English counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. The North Wessex Downs has been designated as a National Landscape (formerly known as Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty or AONB) since 1972.

The North Wessex Downs is a modern name coined with the creation of the AONB to encompass the area of chalk and limestone hills better known by various overlapping local names, including the Berkshire Downs, the North Hampshire Downs, the White Horse Hills, the Lambourn Downs, the Marlborough Downs, the Vale of Pewsey and Savernake Forest.
Thailand national under-23 football team
The Thailand national under-23 football team (Thai: ฟุตบอลทีมชาติไทยรุ่นอายุไม่เกิน 23 ปี, RTGS: futbon thim chat thai run ayu mai koen yi-sip-sam pi), also known as the Thailand Olympic football team, is the national team for the under-23 and 22 level, representing Thailand in international football competitions in the Olympic Games, Asian Games and Southeast Asian Games, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments including the AFC U-23 Championship. It is controlled by the Football Association of Thailand.

The team has won the Southeast Asian Games gold medal for a record seven times, making it the most successful among ASEAN football teams. Despite its major domination in Southeast Asia, the team never won any gold medal in Asian level.

Football at the 2014 Asian Games
Football at the 2014 Asian Games was held in Incheon, South Korea from 14 September to 3 October 2014. The opening match was played 5 days prior to the opening ceremony. In this tournament, 29 teams are playing in the men's competition, and 11 teams are participating in the women's competition.

The age limit for the men teams is under-23; the same as the age limit in football competitions in the Olympic Games, while three overage players are allowed among each squad.
Capture of Saumur
The Capture of Saumur (French: Capture de Saumur) was the military investment of the Huguenot city of Saumur accomplished by the young French king Louis XIII on 11 May 1621, following the outbreak of the Huguenot rebellions. Although the Huguenot city was faithful to the king, Louis XIII nevertheless wished to affirm control over it. The Governor of the city Duplessy-Mornay was tricked out of his command of Saumur and the city was invested.

Louis XIII then continued his campaign southward against the Huguenots, and moved to the Protestant stronghold of Saint-Jean-d'Angély led by Rohan's brother Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise. This led to the month-long Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, and to a succession of other sieges in the south of France. On 24 June 1621, Louis XIII's campaign ended in a stalemate, leading to the 1622 Peace of Montpellier, which temporarily confirmed the rights of the Huguenots in France.

Treaty of Montpellier
The Treaty of Montpellier (or the Peace of Montpellier) was signed in Montpellier, France on 18 October 1622 between King Louis XIII and Duke Henry II of Rohan. The treaty followed the siege of Montpellier and ended hostilities between French royalists and the Huguenots. It confirmed the religious tenets of the Edict of Nantes and pardoned Rohan, but reduced the number of Huguenot places de sûreté (military installations) to two: in La Rochelle and Montauban. The Huguenots would have to raze their other fortifications. They also would thenceforth be forbidden from holding their general assemblies and synods.

This peace would last only two years, as neither the King nor the Huguenots were ready to respect its terms. The brother of Rohan, Benjamin, Duke of Soubise, attacked a royal fleet in the battle of Blavet in January 1625.
Newbridge, North Yorkshire
Newbridge is a hamlet, near Pickering in North Yorkshire, England. There is a level crossing in the hamlet over the North York Moors Railway, but the railway calls the place New Bridge. A quarry to the north-west of the village works a limestone outcrop.

Newbridge Quarry
Newbridge Quarry is a limestone quarry located just to the north of Pickering, North Yorkshire, England. The quarry works the Upper Calcerous Grit Formation and quarrying operations have been carried out at the site since at least the 1840s when the first quarry was rail-connected to the Whitby and Pickering Railway. The current quarry has been in operation since the 1946, and has a projected closure date of December 2026.
2019 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 2019 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represented Louisiana Tech University in the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana, and competed in the West Division of Conference USA (C-USA). They were led by seventh-year head coach Skip Holtz.

Joe Aillet Stadium
Joe Aillet Stadium (formerly Louisiana Tech Stadium) is a college football stadium in Ruston, Louisiana and the home field of the Louisiana Tech University Bulldogs football team, which competes in Conference USA. The football stadium replaced the original Tech Stadium where the school's football program played its home games on campus until 1967.

Originally called Louisiana Tech Stadium, Joe Aillet Stadium opened in 1968 and was renamed for retired Louisiana Tech head football coach and athletic director Joe Aillet in 1972.
2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification
The 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification was the qualification tournament for the 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

A total of 21 teams entered the qualification tournament, which decided four of the eight participating teams in the final tournament held in Jordan. This tournament also served as the first stage of Asian qualification for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, with the top five teams of the final tournament qualifying for the World Cup.

2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup
The 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup was the 19th edition of the AFC Women's Asian Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament in Asia competed by the women's national teams in the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It was originally scheduled to be held in Jordan between 7 and 22 April 2018, but later was changed to 6 to 20 April 2018.

The tournament served as the final stage of Asian qualification for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, with the top five teams qualifying for the World Cup in France.

Japan defeated Australia 1–0 in the final to win their second consecutive title. In the third-place match the same day, China PR defeated Thailand 3–1.
2013–14 Nedbank Cup
The Nedbank Cup is a South African club football (soccer) tournament. The knockout tournament, based on the English FA Cup format, was one of a weak opponent facing a stronger one. The competition was sponsored by ABSA until 2007, after which Nedbank took over sponsorship.

The winner of the 2013–14 Nedbank Cup qualified for the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup.

Nedbank Cup
The Nedbank Cup is the current name of South Africa's premier club soccer knockout tournament. While many formats have been used over the years, the tournament has always been based on the idea of giving lower league and amateur teams a chance to compete with clubs from the top league for the cup. The tournament is based on the English FA Cup, which has become known for "giant killings" (lower league clubs defeating a top-flight club).
Games, Learning & Society Conference
The Games + Learning + Society Conference (GLS Conference) was an academic conference. From 2003 to 2016, the conference was held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and in 2022 it was held at the University of California Irvine. The founder and chair is Constance Steinkuehler.

The GLS conference examines how games can be used to transform how people learn and what implications that knowledge has for society.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
1920 Cleveland Indians season
The 1920 Cleveland Indians season was the 20th season in franchise history. The Indians won the American League pennant and proceeded to win their first World Series title in the history of the franchise. Pitchers Jim Bagby, Stan Coveleski and Ray Caldwell combined to win 75 games. Despite the team's success, the season was perhaps more indelibly marked by the death of starting shortstop Ray Chapman, who died after being hit by a pitch on August 16.

Ray Chapman
Raymond Johnson Chapman (January 15, 1891 – August 17, 1920) was an American baseball player. He spent his entire career as a shortstop for the Cleveland Indians of the American League.

Chapman was hit in the head by a pitch thrown by pitcher Carl Mays and died 12 hours later. He is the only person to die directly from an injury received while playing in a Major League Baseball game. His death led baseball to establish a rule requiring umpires to replace the ball whenever it becomes dirty. Chapman's death and sanitary concerns also led to the ban on spitballs after the 1920 season. Chapman's death was also one of the examples cited to justify the wearing of batting helmets. However, it took over 30 years to adopt the rule that required their use.
Norman Crowder
Norman Harry Crowder  (20 October 1926 – 10 February 2013) was Archdeacon of Portsmouth from 1985 to 1993.

Born in Nottingham on 20 October 1926, he was educated at Nottingham High School and St John's College, Cambridge. After National Service with the RAF Educational Service he was ordained in 1952.  He was an Assistant Curate St Mary's, Radcliffe-on-Trent and then Residential Chaplain to the  Bishop of Portsmouth until 1959. He was Chaplain at Canford School from 1959 until  1972 when he became Vicar of  St John's, Oakfield, Ryde. From 1975 to 1985 he was Director of Religious Education in the Portsmouth Diocese  and a Residential Canon of its Cathedral. After this he became Archdeacon of Portsmouth.

He died in Salisbury on 10 February 2013. He had married Pauline. Their son Richard worked at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Archdeacons in the Diocese of Portsmouth
The archdeacons in the Diocese of Portsmouth are senior ecclesiastical officers in the Church of England in south-east Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. They currently include: the Archdeacon of the Meon, the Archdeacon of the Isle of Wight and the Archdeacon of Portsdown. Each one has responsibility over a geographical area within the diocese, providing organisational leadership and pastoral support to clergy within their area.
Van railway station
Van  railway station (Turkish: Van garı) is the main railway station in Van, Turkey. Up until July 2015, the Trans-Asia Express, from Tehran, Iran, stopped at the station. The train would continue to the Van Pier, where passengers would travel to Tatvan via ferry, and the western half of the train would continue to Ankara.  As of mid-2015, freight trains are the only rail traffic at the station. However, as of September 2018, a twice weekly service to Tabriz is due to resume.

Van Pier station was opened in 1971 by the Turkish State Railways.

Van, Turkey
Van is a city in eastern Turkey's Van Province, on the eastern shore of Lake Van. It is the capital and largest city of Van Province.

Van has a long history as a major urban area. It has been a large city since the first millennium BCE, initially as Tushpa, the capital of the kingdom of Urartu from the 9th century BCE to the 6th century BCE, and later as the center of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan. Turkic presence in Van and in the rest of Anatolia started as a result of Seljuk victory at the Battle of Malazgirt (1071) against the Byzantine Empire.

Van was densely populated by Armenians until the Armenian genocide in the 1910s. Today, it is mostly inhabited by Kurds.
Fred Boobyer
Frederick Sackville Boobyer (28 January 1928 – 24 March 2009) was an English professional golfer who played on the British circuit in the 1960s. Although he never won an important 72-hole tournament, he was good enough to be selected for the Professionals  against the Amateurs in 1960 and for the 6-man England team in the 1967 R.T.V. International Trophy, where he won 5 of his 6 matches and halved the other.

He won the 1966 36-hole pro-am Bowmaker Tournament at Sunningdale Golf Club, scoring 30 for the last 9 holes. He collected £350 for the win plus a further £50 for his second round 64 and another £250 for winning the pro-am where he was partnered by Bruce Forsyth.

In the 1981 PGA Seniors Championship at North Berwick Golf Club, he lost in a playoff to Christy O'Connor Snr, taking 5 to Christy's 4 at the first playoff hole.

His father Fred and brother Bob were also professional golfers.

Christy O'Connor Snr
Patrick Christopher O'Connor (known as Christy O'Connor Snr); (21 December 1924 – 14 May 2016) was an Irish professional golfer. He was one of the leading golfers on the British and Irish circuit from the mid-1950s.

O'Connor won over 20 tournaments on the British PGA and finished in the top 10 in the Open Championship many times. Later he had considerable success in senior events, twice winning the World Senior Championship. In team events he played in 10 successive Ryder Cup matches and played in 15 Canada Cup/World Cup matches for Ireland, winning the Canada Cup in 1958 in partnership with Harry Bradshaw.
Gabriella Sica
Gabriella Sica (born 24 October 1950) is an Italian poet.

Born in Viterbo, she went to Rome in 1960 and after having published her poems in several publication, she published her first book of poems La famosa vita in 1986. Since 1980 she has been working in modern poetry and since 1987 she's the director of "Prato pagano" publications, a magazine where new poets can publish their works. She took part of the poetry anthology La parola ritrovata, ultime tendenze della poesia italiana, which deals with the orientation to poets in the last two decades of 20th century. She also has participated in the book, Scrivere in versi, metrica e poesia and in videos about poets like Giuseppe Ungaretti, Eugenio Montale, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Umberto Saba, Sandro Penna and Giorgio Caproni.

Umberto Saba
Umberto Saba (9 March 1883 – 25 August 1957) was an Italian poet and novelist, born Umberto Poli in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the pen name "Saba" in 1910, and his name was officially changed to Umberto Saba in 1928. From 1919 he was the proprietor of an antiquarian bookshop in Trieste. He suffered from depression for all of his adult life.
Gmina Biszcza
Gmina Biszcza is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Biszcza, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of Biłgoraj and 94 km (58 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 106.31 square kilometres (41.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,934.

Biłgoraj County
Biłgoraj County (Polish: powiat biłgorajski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies 79 kilometres (49 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.