hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rubus alumnus
Rubus alumnus is a North American species of highbush blackberry in section Alleghenienses of the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It is native to eastern and central Canada (Ontario, Québec, Nova Scotia) and the eastern and central United States (from Maine south to North Carolina and west as far as Oklahoma, Kansas, and Minnesota).

Blackberry
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus. The taxonomy of blackberries has historically been confused because of hybridization and apomixis so that species have often been grouped together and called species aggregates.

Blackberry fruit production is abundant with annual volumes of 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) per 1 acre (0.40 ha) possible, making this plant commercially attractive.

Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan or Armenian blackberry) is considered a noxious weed and invasive species in many regions of the Pacific Northwest of Canada and the United States, where it grows out of control in urban and suburban parks and woodlands.
Mills Building (New York City)
The Mills Building was a 10-story structure that stood at 15 Broad Street and Exchange Place in Manhattan, with an L-shaped extension to 35 Wall Street. It wrapped around the J. P. Morgan & Company Building at 23 Wall Street, on the corner of Broad and Wall Streets. George B. Post was the architect of the edifice.

D.O. Mills, a San Francisco, California banker, owned the property. Mills built a palatial home in New York City, while maintaining a villa in Millbrae, California.

Exchange Place (Manhattan)
Exchange Place is a street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The street runs five blocks between Trinity Place in the west and Hanover Street in the east.

Exchange Place was created by 1657 as part of the street plan for the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (modern-day Lower Manhattan), as recorded in the Castello Plan. It is composed of parts of two colonial Dutch roads and survives largely as it existed in 1660, although it has been renamed multiple times and was extended in 1836. The current name, which dates from 1827, was derived from the New York Stock Exchange's presence near Exchange Place. Several points of interest are located along Exchange Place, including the New York Stock Exchange Building, 20 Exchange Place, and 55 Wall Street.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho
The 2008 congressional elections in Idaho were held on November 4, 2008 to determine who would represent the state of Idaho in the United States House of Representatives, coinciding with the presidential and senatorial elections. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected were to serve in the 111th Congress from January 3, 2009 until January 3, 2011.

Idaho has two seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms. Its 2007–09 congressional delegation consisted of two Republicans. In the 2008 elections, District 1 was won by Democrat Walt Minnick, so Idaho's delegation to the 111th Congress consisted of one Republican and one Democrat. CQ Politics had forecasted District 1 to be at some risk for the incumbent party. As of 2024, this was the only time since 1992 that a Democrat was elected to congress from Idaho. Primary elections were held May 27, 2008.

2008 United States Senate election in Idaho
The 2008 United States Senate election in Idaho was held on November 4, 2008. The primary elections were held on May 27. Incumbent Senator Larry Craig decided to retire instead of seeking a fourth term. Fellow Republican incumbent lieutenant governor and former governor Jim Risch won the open seat.
Mathematics education in the United Kingdom
Mathematics education in the United Kingdom is largely carried out at ages 5–16 at primary school and secondary school (though basic numeracy is taught at an earlier age). However voluntary Mathematics education in the UK takes place from 16 to 18, in sixth forms and other forms of further education. Whilst adults can study the subject at universities and higher education more widely. Mathematics education is not taught uniformly as exams and the syllabus vary across the countries of the United Kingdom, notably Scotland.

Association of Teachers of Mathematics
The Association of Teachers of Mathematics (ATM) was established by Caleb Gattegno in 1950 to encourage the development of mathematics education to be more closely related to the needs of the learner. ATM is a membership organisation representing a community of students, nursery, infant, primary, secondary and tertiary teachers, numeracy consultants, overseas teachers, academics and anybody interested in mathematics education.
1993 London–Sydney Marathon
The 1993 London–Sydney Marathon, officially Lombard London–Sydney Marathon was the third running of the London–Sydney Marathon. The rally took place between 17 April and 16 May 1993. The event covered 10,000 miles (16,000 km) through Europe, Asia and Australia. It was won by Francis Tuthill and Anthony Showell in a Porsche 911.

London–Sydney Marathon
The London–Sydney Marathon was a car rally from the United Kingdom to Australia. It was first run in 1968, a second event by the same organizers was run in 1977 and a third in 1993 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the original. Three further rallies have subsequently been contested in 2000, 2004 and 2014.

The 1968 event inspired different organisers to create the 1970 London to Mexico World Cup Rally, the 1974 London-Sahara-Munich World Cup Rally and the Dakar Rally.

The original 1968 event was won by Andrew Cowan, Colin Malkin and Brian Coyle, driving a Hillman Hunter. Fifty-six cars finished.
Nanxun, Huzhou
Nanxun District (simplified Chinese: 南浔区; traditional Chinese: 南潯區; pinyin: Nánxún Qū) is a district in the prefecture-level city of Huzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Nanxun Town, an ancient water town, is located in the district. It is one of the most well-preserved old towns in this region and is known for its cultural heritage.  Other towns in the district include Shuanglin, Lianshi, Linghu, Shanlian, Qianjin and Shicong.

Huzhou
Huzhou (Chinese: 湖州; pinyin: Húzhōu, listenⓘ; Huzhou dialect: ghou² cieu¹) is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province (Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain, China). Lying south of Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu to the west and north respectively.

Huzhou is on the south bank of Taihu Lake, which it is named after. It has a history of more than 2,300 years. It governs Wuxing and Nanxun districts and three counties of Deqing, Changxing and Anji, with a total area of 5,818 square kilometers. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,367,579 inhabitants, of whom 1,015,937 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Wuxing District as Nanxun District was not yet being conurbated.
2006–07 OPJHL season
The 2006–07 OPJHL season is the 14th season of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League (OPJHL). The thirty-six teams of the North, South, East, and West divisions will compete in a 49-game schedule.

Come February, the top eight teams of each division competed for the Frank L. Buckland Trophy, the OJHL championship.  The winner of the Buckland Cup, the Aurora Tigers, competed in the Central Canadian Junior "A" championship, the Dudley Hewitt Cup, and won.  Once successful against the winners of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League and Superior International Junior Hockey League, the champion Tigers then moved on to play in the Canadian Junior A Hockey League championship, the 2007 Royal Bank Cup where they became national champions.

Aurora Tigers
The Aurora Tigers are a Canadian ice hockey team from Aurora, Ontario. They play in the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team has previously played in the Metro Junior B Hockey League, Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League,  Canadian Junior B Hockey League, Metro Junior A Hockey League and the Ontario Junior Hockey League.
Hardy Brothers Building
Hardy Brothers Building is a heritage-listed shop at 116 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built in 1881. It is also known as Love's Auction Mart. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Brisbane central business district
The Brisbane central business district (CBD), officially Brisbane City, is the central suburb and central business district of Brisbane, the state capital of  Queensland, Australia. It is also colloquially referred to as the "CBD", "the city", or simply "town". The CBD is located on a point on the northern bank of the Brisbane River, historically known as Meanjin, Mianjin  or Meeanjin in the local Yuggera dialect. The triangular-shaped peninsula is bounded by the median of the Brisbane River to the east, south and west. The point, known at its tip as Gardens Point, slopes upward to the north-west where the city is bounded by parkland and the inner city suburb of Spring Hill to the north. The CBD is bounded to the north-east by the suburb of Fortitude Valley. To the west the CBD is bounded by Milton, Petrie Terrace, and Kelvin Grove.

In the 2021 census, the suburb of Brisbane City had a population of 12,587 people.
Transcript poetry
Transcript poetry is a research method of data collection by which researchers use selected parts of transcripts and create poems that represent the original text in a new way. It is regarded as a collaborative approach to qualitative research that promotes the inclusion of the participant in the method of data collection (Burdick, M., 2011). Qualitative researchers are beginning to recognize the value of using transcription poetry as a way of giving more "voice" to the research participants’ experiences (Bhattacharya, K., 2013). Its value is by creating a "snapshot" of the original interview text using an art centred approach that makes for a more emotional impact statement to the reader. In her article, Burdick (2011) states, "These poems not only reveal critical insights and perspectives of our 2 participants, they also aim to convey intrinsic details of feelings, critical experiences, and/or epiphanies in their lived experiences."

Data collection
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, and business. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture evidence that allows data analysis to lead to the formulation of credible answers to the questions that have been posed.

Regardless of the field of or preference for defining data (quantitative or qualitative), accurate data collection is essential to maintain research integrity. The selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly developed) and delineated instructions for their correct use reduce the likelihood of errors.
IRIG timecode
Inter-range instrumentation group timecodes, commonly known as IRIG timecode, are standard formats for transferring timing information.  Atomic frequency standards and GPS receivers designed for precision timing are often equipped with an IRIG output.  The standards were created by the Tele Communications Working Group of the U.S. military's Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG), the standards body of the Range Commanders Council. Work on these standards started in October 1956, and the original standards were accepted in 1960.

The original formats were described in IRIG Document 104-60, later revised and reissued in August 1970 as IRIG Document 104-70, upgraded later that year as the IRIG Document to the status of a Standard, IRIG Standard 200-70. The latest version of the Standard is IRIG Standard 200-16 from August 2016.

Ordinal date
An ordinal date is a calendar date typically consisting of a year and an ordinal number, ranging between 1 and 366 (starting on January 1), representing the multiples of a day, called day of the year or ordinal day number (also known as ordinal day or day number). The two parts of the date can be formatted as "YYYY-DDD" to comply with the ISO 8601 ordinal date format. The year may sometimes be omitted, if it is implied by the context; the day may be generalized from integers to include a decimal part representing a fraction of a day.
South Korean cuisine
South Korea is a country in East Asia constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It is bordered to the north by North Korea, and the two countries are separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Some dishes are shared by the two Koreas.

Historically, Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in southern Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula, it has gone through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends. Rice dishes and kimchi are staple Korean foods. In a traditional meal, they accompany both side dishes (banchan) and main courses like juk, bulgogi or noodles. Soju liquor is the best-known traditional Korean spirit.

Soju
Soju (English pronunciation: /ˈsoʊdʒuː/; Korean: 소주) is a clear and colorless distilled alcoholic beverage from Korea, traditionally made from rice, but later from other grains and has a flavor similar to vodka. It is usually consumed neat. Its alcohol content varies from about 12.5% to 53% alcohol by volume (ABV). Since 2007 low alcohol soju (below 20%) has become the most common type.

Traditionally, most brands of soju are produced in the Andong region of South Korea, but also in other regions and countries. While soju was traditionally made from rice, South Korean ethanol producers replace rice with other starch, such as cassava due to significantly lower capital costs. Soju often appears similar to several other East Asian liquors while differing in alcohol contents.
Leslie Reynolds
Leslie Reynolds (9 April 1906 – 1 August 1961) was a leading English greyhound trainer. He was a five times winner of the English Greyhound Derby which constituted a record until beaten by Charlie Lister in 2011.

Charlie Lister
Charles Richard Lister OBE (born 1940) is a former English greyhound trainer. He is a four times winner of the Greyhound Trainer of the Year and is regarded as one of the leading trainers of all time. He also holds the record for English Greyhound Derby wins with seven.
Glossary of 2020s slang
Slang used or popularized in the 2020s, usually by Generation Z (1997 – 2012) or by Generation Alpha (c. 2010 – 2024), differs from that of earlier generations. Ease of communication via social media and other internet outlets has facilitated its rapid proliferation, creating "an unprecedented variety of linguistic variation", according to Danielle Abril of The Washington Post. Self-deprecating irony is often a prevalent factor in its use.

Many Gen Z and Gen Alpha slang terms were not originally coined by their generation but were already in use or simply became more mainstream. Much of what is considered Gen Z and Gen Alpha slang originates from African-American Vernacular English, ball culture, and incel culture.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Bicycle performance
Bicycle performance is measurable performance such as energy efficiency that affects how effective a bicycle is. Bicycles are extraordinarily efficient machines; in terms of the amount of energy a person must expend to travel a given distance, cycling is calculated to be the most efficient self-powered means of transportation.

The transport performance of bicycles is also exceptional in terms of ton kilometers. In terms of the ratio of cargo weight (payload) a bicycle can carry to the total bike weight, cycling (here under cargo biking) is also the most efficient means of cargo transportation.

Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, and also known as viscous force, is a force acting opposite to the direction of motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.

Unlike other resistive forces, drag force depends on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the relative velocity for low-speed flow and is proportional to the velocity squared for high-speed flow. This distinction between low and high-speed flow is measured by the Reynolds number.
Handball Federation of Kosovo
The Handball Federation of Kosovo (Albanian: Federata e Hendbollit të Kosovës, Serbian: Рукометни савез Косова / Rukometni savez Kosova) is the governing body of team handball in Kosovo, based in Pristina. It is a member of the European Handball Federation and of the International Handball Federation.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
SWORD (protocol)
SWORD (Simple Web-service Offering Repository Deposit) is an interoperability standard that allows digital repositories to accept the deposit of content from multiple sources in different formats (such as XML documents) via a standardized protocol.  In the same way that the HTTP protocol allows any web browser to talk to any web server, so SWORD allows clients to talk to repository servers.  SWORD is a profile (specialism) of the Atom Publishing Protocol, but restricts itself solely to the scope of depositing resources into scholarly systems.

Jisc
Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit organisation that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education and research, as well as the public sector. Its head office is based in Bristol with offices in London, Manchester, and Oxford. Its current CEO is Heidi Fraser-Krauss, who joined in September 2021 from the University of Sheffield.
Technological convergence
Technological convergence is the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance. For example, watches, telephones, television, computers, and social media platforms began as separate and mostly unrelated technologies, but have converged in many ways into an interrelated telecommunication, media, and technology industry.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.
Maria Jane Taylor
Maria Jane Taylor (née Dyer, 16 January 1837 – 23 July 1870) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China, and "Mother" of the China Inland Mission with her husband, founder James Hudson Taylor. She was a pioneer missionary and educator there for 12 years (from 1852 to 1860 and 1866 to 1870). In 1858, she married Taylor and was an invaluable assistant and influence to him. In her time with the CIM, she was instrumental in training single women to be missionaries in China, when opportunities for women to serve had been previously dependent on having a missionary husband.

Alfred James Broomhall
Alfred James Broomhall (6 December 1911 – 11 May 1994), also known as Anthony James Broomhall, or A. J. Broomhall, was a British Baptist Christian medical missionary to China, and author and historian of the China Inland Mission (renamed as Overseas Missionary Fellowship in 1964, known today as OMF International based in Singapore).
Didymosphenia
Didymosphenia is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Cymbellaceae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Didymosphenia fossilis Horikawa & Okuno, 1944

Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M.Schmidt, 1899

Didymosphenia lineata Skabichevskii, 1983

Didymosphenia pumila Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, 1995

Didymosphenia sublinearis Shirshov, 1935

Didymosphenia tatrensis T.Mrozinska, J.Czerwik-Marcinkowska & M.Gradzinski, 2006

Didymosphenia geminata
Didymosphenia geminata (/ˌdɪdɪməˈsfiːniə ˌdʒɛmɪˈnætə/), commonly known as didymo or rock snot, is a species of diatom that produces nuisance growths in freshwater rivers and streams with consistently low water temperatures and low nutrient levels. It is native to the northern hemisphere, and considered an invasive species in Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, and Chile. Even within its native range, it has taken on invasive characteristics since the 1980s. It is not considered a significant human health risk, but it can affect stream habitats and sources of food for fish and make recreational activities unpleasant. This microscopic alga can be spread in a single drop of water.
Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
Israel dismantled its settlements in Gaza in its unilateral withdrawal from the area in 2005, after 38 years of settlers living in the Gaza Strip. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has claimed that "Israel has no intention of permanently occupying Gaza or displacing its civilian population" and that "Israel is fighting Hamas terrorists, not the Palestinian population, and we are doing so in full compliance with international law". In the context of the Gaza war, some Israelis have proposed expulsion of or creating conditions leading to the exodus of Palestinians from the area and a new wave of resettlement of the Gaza Strip.

Far-right politics in Israel
Far-right politics in Israel encompasses ideologies such as ultranationalism, Jewish supremacy, Jewish fascism, Jewish fundamentalism, anti-Arabism, and ideological movements such as neo-Zionism and Kahanism. In the 2020s, the term "far-right" has been mainly used to describe advocates of policies such as the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, opposition to Palestinian statehood, and imposition of Israeli sovereignty over the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem.