hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Polite Force (band)
The Polite Force was a British progressive rock band in the Canterbury scene from 1976 to 1978. The name comes from the 1971 Egg album of the same name.

The band was formed by Mark Hewins (guitar), Max Metto (sax), Graham Flight (bass), and Vince Clarke (drums) after about two years of recording sessions for an album by Caravan keyboardist Dave Sinclair which was unreleased until 1993 when it appeared under the title Moon Over Man. For about one year, Sinclair was also a Polite Force member.

The Polite Force performed with guest musicians such as Tony Coe, Richard Sinclair, Geoff Richardson, Richard Coughlan and Jan Schelhaas of Caravan, Andrew Latimer and Andy Ward of Camel. They recorded demos that were unreleased until 1997 when Voiceprint released some of them on the album Polite Force: Canterbury Knights.

Andrew Latimer
Andrew Latimer (born 17 May 1949) is an English musician and composer. He is a founding member of the progressive rock band Camel and the only member who has been with them since their formation in 1971. Although he is best known as a guitarist and singer, Latimer is also a flautist and keyboardist.
Caprino Alendy
Caprino Alendy (24 October 1952 – 6 November 2020) was a Surinamese politician and chairperson of Brotherhood and Unity in Politics (BEP) from 1987 until 2012. Alendy was vice chairperson of the National Assembly between 2005 and 2010.

Sipaliwini District
Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo. Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana, a part of France.
Dangshun Township, Qinghai
Dangshun Township (Mandarin: 当顺乡) is a township in Jainca County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Dangshun Township had a total population of 1,878 people: 916 males and 962 females: 441 under 14 years old, 1,286 aged between 15 and 64 and 151 over 65 years old.

Jainca County
Jainca County, Chentsa County or Jainzha County (Tibetan: གཅན་ཚ།, Wylie: gcan tsha; Chinese: 尖扎县; pinyin: Jiānzhā Xiàn) is a county in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, China, to Tibetans in the area known as Malho Prefecture, part of Amdo. There are six townships, three towns and a total of 79 administrative villages in Chentsa county. The county has an area of 1,714 square kilometres (662 sq mi) and a population of ~50,000 (2001), 67% Tibetan. The county seat is the town of Markhu Thang.
Neapolitan Mastiff
The Neapolitan Mastiff or Mastino Napoletano is an Italian breed of large dog of mastiff type. It was recognised as a breed by the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana in 1949, and accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1956.

It descends from the traditional guard dogs of Southern Italy, and is closely related to the Cane Corso.

Mastiff
A mastiff is a large and powerful type of dog. Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short coat, a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short (brachycephalic) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped. European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years show dogs of the mastiff type. Mastiffs have historically been guard dogs, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as hunting dogs, war dogs and for blood sports, such as dog fighting, bull-baiting, bear-baiting, and even lion-baiting.
Stan Stolte
Stan Durwood Stolte (born 1961) is an American college baseball coach, currently serving as the head baseball coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Stolte attended college at Muscatine Community College and St. Ambrose University, where he played college baseball. Stolte served as an assistant baseball coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, the University of Nevada, Reno, the University of the Pacific, Muscatine Community College, and Northwest Missouri State University. Stolte served as interim head coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for the 2016 season, before being named permanent head baseball coach at UNLV on June 1, 2016.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
Sine nomine
Sine nomine (abbreviated s.n.) is a Latin expression, meaning "without a name". It is most commonly used in the contexts of publishing and bibliographical listings such as library catalogs, to signify that the publisher (or distributor, etc.) of a listed work is unknown, or not printed or specified on the work. It is to be compared with sine loco (s.l.), "without a place", used where the place of publication of a work is unknown or unspecified. While it may sometimes be used to disclose an unknown authorship, this is more commonly indicated as anon. or similar.

The phrase and its abbreviation have been deprecated in Anglophone cataloging with the adoption of the Resource Description and Access standard, which instead prescribes the unabbreviated English phrase "publisher not identified" (or "distributor not identified", etc.). Sine loco is likewise replaced by "place of publication not identified". Alternatively, n.p. or N.p. may sometimes also be used for "no publisher".

Resource Description and Access
Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging initially released in June 2010, providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data.  Intended for use by libraries and other cultural organizations such as museums and archives, RDA is the successor to Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2).
Baalsaurus
Baalsaurus (named after the dinosaur fossil site Baal in Argentina, which in turn is named after the ancient Phoenician god Baal) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina. The type and only known species is B. mansillai, with the specific name honoring the discoverer Juan Eduardo Mansilla, a museum technician at the Geology and Paleontology Museum of the National University of Comahue.

The holotype specimen, MUCPv-1460, is a mostly complete right dentary that was found in rocks of the upper Portezuelo Formation. The dentary is squared-off instead of curved when viewed from above or below, with the teeth crowded into the front of the jaw, making it similar to the jaw of Antarctosaurus, Brasilotitan, and to a lesser extent Bonitasaura. The specimen is currently held at the Geology and Paleontology Museum of the National University of Comahue, Parque Natural Geo-Paleontológico Proyecto Dino, Barreales Lake.

Portezuelo Formation
The Portezuelo Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Late Turonian to Early Coniacian) age, outcropping in the Mendoza, Río Negro and Neuquén provinces of Argentina. It is the fourth-oldest formation in the Neuquén Group and the older of the two formations in the Río Neuquén Subgroup. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Portezuelo Formation was known as the Portezuelo Member.
Rey Horus
Rey Horus is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. He also currently works on the independent circuit in the United States and in Mexico. He is best known tenure for Major League Wrestling (MLW) and Ring Of Honor (ROH). He was also known as the second El Hijo de Rey Misterio, Spanish for "The Son of Rey Misterio", the second wrestler under that name after the first El Hijo de Rey Misterio, though he is not from the same family. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

Ultima Lucha 1
"Ultima Lucha" (Spanish for Last Fight) is the name of the final episodes of the first season of professional wrestling TV series Lucha Underground. The first part of Ultima Lucha, episode 38, premiered on the El Rey Network on July 29 and the two-hour final episode Ultima Lucha, episode 39, premiered on August 5, 30 on the El Rey Network and he later shown in Mexico on the UniMás network in a version with Spanish commentary. The episodes was the season one zenith of several ongoing storylines that played out throughout the first season of Lucha Underground. As part of the season finale all three of the Lucha Underground championships were on the line in a match, including a match to determine the first ever Lucha Underground Gift of the Gods Champion. The episodes earned critical acclaim.
Charles Wade
Sir Charles Gregory Wade KCMG, KC, JP (26 January 1863 – 26 September 1922) was Premier of New South Wales 2 October 1907 – 21 October 1910. According to Percival Serle, "Wade was a public-spirited man of high character. His ability, honesty and courage were quickly recognized and, though he could not be called a great leader, he was either in office or leader of the opposition for nearly the whole of his political life of 14 years. His career as a judge was short, but his sense of justice and grasp of principles and details, eminently fitted him for that position."

Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.

Before Federation in 1901, the term "prime minister of New South Wales" was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with the federal prime minister of Australia.

The current premier is Chris Minns, the leader of the New South Wales Labor Party, who assumed office on 28 March 2023. Minns defeated Dominic Perrottet at the election held on 25 March 2023, after twelve years of Liberal/National Coalition rule.
Olfactory navigation
Olfactory navigation is a hypothesis that proposes the usage of the sense of smell by pigeons, in particular the mail pigeon, in navigation and homing.

There are two principal versions. Papi's mosaic model proposes that pigeons construct a map from the distribution of environmental odours, within a radius of 70–100 kilometres. Wallraff's gradient theory overcomes the problem of distance limitation by proposing the existence of long-range, stable atmospheric odour gradients. However, the evidence to suggest that pigeons use an ‘olfactory map’ in order to home is not conclusive.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Lyudmyla Pekur
Lyudmyla Pekur (Ukrainian: Людмила Михайлівна Пекур) (born 6 January 1981 in Chernihiv) is a former Ukrainian footballer who last played for Ryazan VDV in the Russian Championship. She previously played for Lehenda Chernihiv and Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv in the Ukrainian league and Kubanochka, Nadezhda Noginsk, Rossiyanka, Energiya Voronezh and Zvezda Perm in the Russian Championship. She first played the UEFA Women's Cup in 2004 with Metalist, and later with Rossiyanka and Zvezda.

She was a member of the Ukrainian national team. In the 2009 European Championship she scored the winner in Ukraine's victory over the host Finland, sealing Ukraine's first win in an official women's football international tournament.

She is the first Ukrainian player to have made 100 or more appearances for her national teams.

Russian Women's Football Championship
The Russian Women's Football Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу среди женщин, romanized: Chempionat Rossii po futbolu sredi zhenshchin), also known as the Top Division and the Women's Football League, is the highest professional  women's football league in Russia.

The Top Division was founded in 1992. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the women's league played two seasons in 1990 and 1991.
Bouguer (Martian crater)
Bouguer Crater is an impact crater in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle of Mars, located at 
18.7° S and 332.8° W  It is 107 km in diameter and was named after Pierre Bouguer, French physicist-hydrographer (1698–1758).

When a comet or asteroid collides at high speed interplanetary with the surface of Mars it creates an impact crater.  Layers are visible in the crater with HiRISE; these can be seen in the HiRISE image below.  Layers may be formed by a number of processes.  On Earth rock layers are often formed under a lake or other body of water.  However, on Mars many layers may be formed by the action of groundwater.

Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle
The Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle is one of the 30 quadrangle maps of Mars created by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Science Center. It is designated as MC-20 (Mars Chart–20).

The Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle spans the region from 315° to 360° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude. It includes the prominent Schiaparelli Crater, a large, easily recognizable impact feature located near the Martian equator. The quadrangle also encompasses portions of the ancient, heavily cratered terrains of Noachis Terra and Terra Sabaea.

The name "Sinus Sabaeus" derives from a classical albedo feature named after an incense-producing region south of the Arabian Peninsula, near the Gulf of Aden.
2024 JC Ferrero Challenger Open
The 2024 JC Ferrero Challenger Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Ferrero Tennis Academy in Villena, Alicante, Spain, between 30 September and 6 October 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Β-Keto-N-methylphenethylamine
β-Keto-N-methylphenethylamine (βk-NMPEA), also known as FTS-096, is a monoamine releasing agent of the phenethylamine family. It is the N-methyl analogue of phenacylamine (β-ketophenethylamine or α-desmethylcathinone) and the β-keto analogue of N-methylphenethylamine. The drug acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA), with EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release of 148 nM for norepinephrine, 1,860 nM for dopamine, and >60,000 nM for serotonin in rat brain synaptosomes. βk-NMPEA was first described in the scientific literature by 2019.

N-Methylphenethylamine
N-Methylphenethylamine (NMPEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulator in humans that is derived from the trace amine, phenethylamine (PEA). It has been detected in human urine (<1 μg over 24 hours) and is produced by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase with phenethylamine as a substrate, which significantly increases PEA's effects. PEA breaks down into phenylacetaldehyde which is further broken down into phenylacetic acid by monoamine oxidase. When this is inhibited by monoamine oxidase inhibitors, it allows more of the PEA to remain present and produce psychoactive effects.

PEA and NMPEA are both alkaloids that are found in a number of different plant species as well. Some Acacia species, such as A. rigidula, contain remarkably high levels of NMPEA (~2300–5300 ppm). NMPEA is also present at low concentrations (< 10 ppm) in a wide range of foodstuffs.

NMPEA is a positional isomer of amphetamine.
Poa clivicola
Poa clivicola, commonly known as fine-leaved snow grass, is an endangered Australian grass species, restricted to alpine grassy vegetation. Poa from the Greek poa (grass), clivicola- from the Latin clivus (hill) and -cola (dweller).

Poa
Poa is a genus of about 570 species of grasses, native to the temperate regions of both hemispheres. Common names include meadow-grass (mainly in Europe and Asia), bluegrass (mainly in North America), tussock (some New Zealand species), and speargrass. Poa (πόα) is Greek for 'fodder'. Poa are members of the subfamily Pooideae of the family Poaceae.

Bluegrass, which has green leaves, derives its name from the seed heads, which are blue when the plant is allowed to grow to its natural height of two to three feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters).

The genus Poa includes both annual and perennial species. Most are monoecious, but a few are dioecious (separate male and female plants). The leaves are narrow, folded or flat, sometimes bristled, and with the basal sheath flattened or sometimes thickened, with a blunt or hooded apex and membranaceous ligule.
Urban planning in Africa
Urban planning in Africa results from indigenous aesthetics and conceptions of form and function as well as the changes brought on by industrialization, modernization, and colonialism. Before the Berlin Conference of 1884 – 1885, which formalized colonialism in many parts of Africa, indigenous African cities and villages had ordered structures that varied along ethnic and religious lines and according to geography. All land-uses necessary for functioning––markets, religious sites, farms, communal assembly spaces––existed in ordered, rational ways, as did land property practices and laws, many of which changed under colonial control. Urbanity changed significantly from pre-colonial to colonial times, as slavery, Christianity, and a host of other forces caused a change in the population of indigenous urban dwellers.

African Studies Centre Leiden
The African Studies Centre (Dutch: Afrika-Studiecentrum) is a scientific institute in the Netherlands that undertakes social-science research on Africa with the aim of promoting a better understanding of historical, current and future social developments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The centre is an interfaculty institute of Leiden University. The present director since 2021 is Marleen Dekker. The institute is located in the Herta Mohr Building of Leiden University's Faculty of Humanities.
Virtual tradeshow
A virtual tradeshow (or a virtual trade fair) is a virtual event run in an online environment hosted online for a limited period. It can be considered the online equivalent of a traditional tradeshow or exhibition, but exhibitors and visitors connect on the web rather than in person.

Virtual tradeshows can be accessed anywhere, as their geographic location does not limit them, so all that's needed to attend is a device with a good connection to the internet. Virtual tradeshows facilitate direct interactions between exhibitors and attendees with interactive features, such as live chat, chat rooms, 1 to 1 or group video calls, Q&A, Live webinars or on-demand webinars, webcasts, lucky draws and more.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Speedwell Island
Speedwell Island (formerly Eagle Island; Spanish Isla Águila) is one of the Falkland Islands, lying in the Falkland Sound, southwest of Lafonia, East Falkland.

The island has an area of 51.5 km2 (19.9 sq mi), measuring approximately 17.5 km (10.9 mi) from north to south and 5 km (3.1 mi) across at its widest central part. It is generally low-lying with some permanent ponds. It is separated from Lafonia by the Eagle Passage, which retains Speedwell Island's former name. It is the largest of the Speedwell Island group, which includes the Elephant Cays, George Island, Barren Island, and Annie Island.

Barren Island, Falkland Islands
Barren Island (Spanish: Isla Pelada) is one of the Falkland Islands, lying south west of East Falkland and south east of George Island. It is separated from Lafonia by Eagle Passage.  Its total area is 11.5 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi).

It, together with George Island is run as a sheep farm and the tourism there is well run. The island is free of rats, and this is important for the survival of small songbirds.

There are two listed buildings on Barren Island, a house and a woolshed.
Banner Formation
The Banner Formation is a Carboniferous period geologic formation in northern Elko County, Nevada.

It is composed of conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone and was formed in connection with the Antler orogeny.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Late Mississippian stage of the Carboniferous period during the Paleozoic Era.

Elko County, Nevada
Elko County is a county in the northeastern corner of Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,702. Its county seat is Elko. The county was established on March 5, 1869, from Lander County. Elko County is the fourth-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, ranking lower when the boroughs of Alaska are included. It is one of only 10 counties in the U.S. with more than 10,000 square miles (25,900 km2) of area. Elko County is the second-largest county by area in Nevada, with only Nye County being larger. Elko County is part of the Elko micropolitan statistical area. It contains 49.8 percent of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, set up in the late 19th century for the Shoshone-Paiute peoples; they are a federally recognized tribe. Although slightly more than 50% of the reservation is across the border in Owyhee County, Idaho, the majority of tribal members live on the Nevada side. The reservation's land area is 450.391 square miles (1,166.5 km2).