hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inverness Highlands South, Florida
Inverness Highlands South is a census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,698, up from 6,542 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Homosassa Springs, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Homosassa Springs, Florida
Homosassa Springs is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 14,283 as of 2020, up from 13,791 at the 2010 census. Homosassa Springs is the principal community of the Homosassa Springs, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The name derives from the warm spring located in Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park that attracts manatees to the area.
2010 Netherlands Antilles general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles on 22 January 2010. Voters elected the 22 members of the Estates, or parliament, of the Netherlands Antilles. It has been the country's last general election, as the Netherlands Antilles have ceased to exist as a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 10 October 2010. At the time of the elections, the Netherlands Antilles consisted of the Caribbean islands of Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten.

Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
The Netherlands Antilles was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was dissolved on 10 October 2010.

After dissolution, the "BES islands" of the Dutch Caribbean—Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba—became the Caribbean Netherlands, "special municipalities" of the Netherlands proper—a structure that only exists in the Caribbean.  Meanwhile Curaçao and Sint Maarten became constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the same status as Aruba gained before, when separated from the Netherlands Antilles on 1 January 1986.
Gleditsia caspica
Gleditsia caspica, the Caspian locust or Persian honeylocust, is a species of Gleditsia native to western Asia, in the Caucasus region of Azerbaijan and northern Iran, close to the Caspian Sea.

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 12 m tall, with the trunk covered in numerous, 10–20 cm long branched spines. The leaves are pinnate or bipinnate, up to 25 cm long, with 12–20 leaflets; bipinnate leaves have six to eight pinnae. The leaflets are up to 5 cm long and 2 cm broad. The flowers are greenish, produced in racemes up to 10 cm long. The fruit is a pod 20 cm long and 3 cm broad.

It is closely related to Gleditsia japonica (syn. G. horrida) from eastern Asia, and is treated as a subspecies of it by some botanists, Gleditsia horrida subsp. caspica (Desf.) J.Paclt.

Gleditsia japonica
Gleditsia japonica, the Japanese locust, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the eastern Himalayas, central and southern China, Manchuria, Korea, and central and southern Japan. It is used as a street tree in a number of cities in China and Europe.
Jacobus Philippus Snyman
General Jacobus Philippus Snyman (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈsnəiman]; Kootjie "Hamerkop" Snyman, 29 January 1838 – 19 December 1925) was one of the dominant military figures in the South African Republic (or Transvaal) during the 19th century. He was the District Commissioner, Native Commissioner, and Commandant for the Marico district and led the Rustenburg and Marico commandos during the Second Boer War. Nicknamed Hamerkop, Snyman came to international prominence as the military commander at the Siege of Mafeking from November 1899 to May 1900.

Volksraad (South African Republic)
The Volksraad of the South African Republic (English: "People's Council" of the South African Republic, Afrikaans: Volksraad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) was the parliament of the former South African Republic (ZAR), it existed from 1840 to 1877, and from 1881 to 1902 in part of what is now South Africa. The body ceased to exist after the British Empire's victory in the Second Anglo-Boer War. The Volksraad sat in session in Ou Raadsaal in Church Square, Pretoria.
2012 IFA Shield final
The 2012 IFA Shield final was the 116th final of the IFA Shield, the second oldest football competition in India, and was contested between Kolkata clubs East Bengal and Prayag United on 16 March 2012.

East Bengal won the final 4–2 via penalties after the game remained goal-less after extra-time, to claim their 28th IFA Shield title.

IFA Shield
The IFA Shield is a football competition organized by the Indian Football Association, the football governing body in the Indian state of West Bengal. The IFA came into existence in 1893, and was named after the association. The IFA Shield tournament was started in the same year. It is the third oldest football tournament in India, after Durand Cup and Trades Cup, and is among the oldest football competitions in the world.
Esa Piironen
Esa Erkki Piironen (born 25 October 1943 in Turku) is a Finnish architect. He studied architecture at Helsinki University of Technology, qualifying as an architect in 1970. He studied architecture and urban design in North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina, and was awarded the Master of Architecture in 1972. He was working as a teaching assistant at Helsinki University of Technology 1972–81, and was awarded Licentiate in Technology in 1978. Visiting professor at Guangdong University of Technology School of Art and Design starting from 2012.

Helsinki University of Technology
Helsinki University of Technology (Finnish: Teknillinen korkeakoulu, TKK; Swedish: Tekniska högskolan, HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern day Aalto University was founded. The university was founded in 1849 by Grand Duke of Finland, Emperor Nicholas I and received university status in 1908. It moved from Helsinki to Otaniemi campus area in 1966. The merger of HUT with two other schools created the Aalto University in 2010, and HUT briefly held the name Aalto University School of Science and Technology before being split into four schools in 2011.

Much of the university's Otaniemi campus was designed by Alvar Aalto.
Ahmad Latiff Khamaruddin
Ahmad Latiff Khamarudin (born 29 May 1979) is a former professional footballer who last played in the S.League.

Once touted as a successor to golden boy Fandi Ahmad, he can play as an attacking midfielder or striker with his talented playmaking skills. He was also capable of playing as a full-back later in his career.

However, due to his consistent bad disciplinary track record for the national team and club sides, he is deemed the 'bad boy' of Singapore football. Ahmad Latiff's various nicknames include the frequently used "bad boy of Singapore football" for his disciplinary problems on and off the pitch, and also "the blond bombshell" in reference to his bleached blond hair.

2012 AFC Cup
The 2012 AFC Cup was the ninth edition of the AFC Cup, a football competition organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for clubs from "developing countries" in Asia.

Al-Kuwait from Kuwait won their second AFC Cup title in four years, defeating Erbil from Iraq 4–0 in the final.
Gilgit-Baltistan Chief Court
The Gilgit-Baltistan Chief Court is the court of appeals in the region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The decisions of the court are appealed to Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan. The court acts under 2009 Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order and has the equal status as of other high courts of Pakistan. The Permanent Seat of the Court is at Gilgit, but the Court also sits from time to time at Skardu Branch Registry.

High courts of Pakistan
There are five high courts of Pakistan, each based in the capital city of the four provinces, plus one in the federal capital, Islamabad. Articles 192 to 203 of the Constitution of Pakistan outline the constitution of the courts, appointment of the judges, their oath of office, and jurisdiction of the high courts.
Effigy Mounds National Monument
Effigy Mounds National Monument preserves more than 200 prehistoric mounds built by pre-Columbian
Mound Builder cultures, mostly in the first millennium CE, during the later part of the  Woodland period of pre-Columbian North America.
Numerous effigy mounds are shaped like animals, including bears and birds.

The monument is located primarily in Allamakee County, Iowa, with a small part in Clayton County, Iowa, in the midwestern United States. The park's visitor center is located in Harpers Ferry, Iowa, just north of Marquette.
In 2017, the Effigy Mounds were featured in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program.

Sny Magill Creek
Sny Magill Creek is a minor tributary of the Upper Mississippi River, rising in central Clayton County, Iowa and flowing to the Upper Mississippi River approximately 2 miles north of Clayton, Iowa. It has a drainage of  22,780 acres (92.2 km2). It is regarded as one of the best trout streams in Iowa. The majority of this forested basin is incorporated into the Sny Magill-North Cedar Creek Wildlife Management Area.
Benschop, Utrecht
Benschop is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Lopik, and lies about 4 km west of IJsselstein. Benschop is an extremely long village: apart from a relatively compact town centre, it consists of a long ribbon (over 8 km long) of houses (mainly farms) on both sides of the Benschopsche Wetering. Until 1989, Benschop was a separate municipality.

IJsselstein
IJsselstein (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛisəlstɛin] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. IJsselstein received city rights in 1331. IJsselstein owes its name to the river Hollandse IJssel which flows through the city. It is a major commuting suburb for the Utrecht area, along with the neighbouring towns Houten and Nieuwegein (in part due to the Sneltram light rail line serving the area). It is surrounded by the municipalities of Utrecht, Montfoort, Lopik, Vijfheerenlanden and Nieuwegein.
Sao Hkun Hkio
Sao Hkun Hkio (Burmese: စဝ်ခွန်ချို, pronounced [saʊ kʰʊ̀ɴ tɕʰò]; 19 August 1912 – 21 October 1990) was a Burmese political figure and diplomat who served as acting Foreign Minister of Myanmar in 1948, 4th Foreign Minister of Myanmar (1950–1958, & 1960–1962) as well as Deputy Prime Minister of Burma in the era of 1st Prime Minister of Burma U Nu. He was known for being the longest serving Foreign Minister of Myanmar. He additionally served as the last Saopha of Möngmit from 1936 to 1952. His elder brother-in-law, Sao San Tun was the Saopha of Mongpawn who was assassinated along with General Aung San, father of modern-day Burma who served as 5th Premier of British Burma Crown Colony from 26 September 1946 to 19 July 1947.

Saopha
Saopha (lit. 'lord of the heavens'), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India.
Palomar 6
Palomar 6 is a loose globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus that belongs to the Milky Way galaxy. It is a member of the Palomar Globular Clusters group and is located about 25,000 light-years (7,700 parsecs) away from the Sun. It formed in what would become the bulge of the Milky Way and is similar to other old-bulge globular clusters such as Messier 62, NGC 6522, NGC 6558, and Haute-Provence 1.

First discovered on the National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey plates by Robert G. Harrington and Fritz Zwicky,
it was catalogued as a globular cluster, and was thought to be one of four globulars known to contain a planetary nebula. A paper published in 2024, however, showed that the proper motion of the central star of the nebula JaFu 1 differs from that of the cluster with high statistical significance, thus confirming that the nebula is not located within the cluster.

National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey
The National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (NGS-POSS, or just POSS, also POSS I) was a major astronomical survey, that took almost 2,000 photographic plates of the night sky. It was conducted at Palomar Observatory, California, United States, and completed by the end of 1958.
Brabanthallen
51°42′04″N 5°17′23″E﻿ / ﻿51.701111°N 5.289722°E﻿ / 51.701111; 5.289722

The Brabanthallen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbraːbɑntˌɦɑlə(n)]; literally "Brabant Halls") is a convention center in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Every year, it hosts several exhibitions, conferences, trade fairs, concerts and other big events. It is the third largest convention center in the Netherlands, after RAI Amsterdam and Jaarbeurs Utrecht.

RAI Amsterdam Convention Centre
RAI Amsterdam Convention Centre, formerly Amsterdam RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre or simply RAI Amsterdam (Dutch pronunciation: [raːi] ⓘ, acronym for Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie), is a complex of conference and exhibition halls in the Zuidas business district of Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Opened in 1961, the RAI welcomed its 75 millionth visitor in February 2001. Up to 2 million people visit the RAI every year. Some 50 international conferences and 70 trade shows are held at the RAI annually. The complex consists of 22 conference rooms and 11 multi-functional halls and has a total floor space of 112,200 m2. The largest and oldest hall, Europahal RAI, has capacity for 12,900 people. The complex also includes a musical and concert theatre and underground parking space for over 4,000 cars. The convention centre gives its name to the nearby Amsterdam RAI railway station.
Ghafurov District
Ghafurov District (Russian: Гафуровский район; Tajik: Ноҳияи Ғафуров, romanized: Nohiyayi Ghafurov) is a district in the northern part of Sughd Region, Tajikistan. Its capital is Ghafurov, a town in the south of the district. The district surrounds, but does not include the cities Khujand (the regional capital), Istiqlol (in the north), Buston (formerly Chkalovsk, in the south), and Guliston (formerly Kayrakkum), also in the south, which gave its name to the adjacent Kayrakkum Reservoir.

The district has a population of 380,500 (as of 2020), with 95% classified as rural. It produced 19,500 tons of raw cotton in 2007, accounting for 16% of total cotton production in Sughd province and nearly 5% of Tajikistan's cotton production.

Districts of Tajikistan
As of 2020, the regions of Tajikistan are subdivided into 47 districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or Russian: район, rayon), not including 4 districts belonging to the capital city Dushanbe, and 18 cities of regional subordination (including Dushanbe, an extraregional capital city). Before ca. 2017, there were 58 districts. The districts are further subdivided into municipal units: either as urban municipalities called either as cities (Tajik: шаҳр, romanized: şahr, "cities") or towns (Tajik: шаҳрак, romanized: şahrak, "towns"), or as rural municipalities called jamoats (Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes"), which in turn are further subdivided into villages (Tajik: деҳа or қишлоқ, romanized: deha or qyshloq, "villages/hamlets").

The numbering of the districts follows the map.
Batouala
Batouala is a small village in Gabon halfway along the dirt road from Makokou to Mékambo, in the north-eastern province of Ogooué-Ivindo. A 2014 report noted that "pre-electrification" of the Batouala area was underway.

The climate is equatorial, with annual median temperatures between 23.9 and 23.7 °C (reference points for these data are Makouko and Mekambo, respectively), average rainfall between 1725 and 1612 mm, relative humidity of 81%, with an average 160 days of rainfall annually.

The area features caves, one of which, the Grotte de Batouala, is at a 3-4km drive and then a 1h45m walk from the village. The cave has three species of bats, and its entrance is made difficult by a thick layer of guano. Its main gallery, according to the report of a 1966 expedition to caves in the Makokou area, contains a thigh-deep lake of liquid guano.

Mékambo
Mékambo is a small town in north-eastern Gabon on the banks of the Zadié river. It is located in the Ogooué-Ivindo province of Gabon and is the seat of the Zadié Department. It has received international press for recent outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in 1994 and 1997.

It is served by Mékambo Airport.
Dihydroxylation
Dihydroxylation is the process by which an alkene is converted into a vicinal diol.  Although there are many routes to accomplish this oxidation, the most common and direct processes use a high-oxidation-state transition metal (typically osmium or manganese). The metal is often used as a catalyst, with some other stoichiometric oxidant present.  In addition, other transition metals and non-transition metal methods have been developed and used to catalyze the reaction.

Diol
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).  An aliphatic diol may also be called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. They are used as protecting groups of carbonyl groups, making them essential in synthesis of organic chemistry.

The most common industrial diol is ethylene glycol. Examples of diols in which the hydroxyl functional groups are more widely separated include 1,4-butanediol HO−(CH2)4−OH and propylene-1,3-diol, or beta propylene glycol, HO−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH.
Per Tore Woie
Per Tore Woie (26 April 1969 – 19 November 2019) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

From 1992 to 1994 he was the leader of the Young Liberals of Norway, the youth wing of the Liberal Party.

He served as a State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister from 1997 to 2000, during the reign of Bondevik's First Cabinet. He has also worked as an adviser for the Liberal parliamentary caucus.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Dipak Chatterjee
Dipak Chatterjee is a fictional detective character created by Bengali writer Samarendranath Pandey under his pen name Swapan Kumar. The series of his stories were well known in the sub altern culture of Kolkata and most popular pulp fiction to readers of Bengali literature.

Culture of Kolkata
The culture of Kolkata concerns the music, art, museums, festivals, and lifestyle within Kolkata. It is the former capital of India and, as of 2021, the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Geir Heierstad writes that Bengalis tend to have a special appreciation for art and literature.
Organobismuth radical
Organobismuth radical is a chemical species that has unpaired electrons on bismuth centers within organic frameworks. These radicals are part of the broader family of pnictogen-centered radicals, which include nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.
Bismuth radicals, with a +2 oxidation state (Bi(II)), are highly reactive and prone to degradation. They are sensitive to air and moisture, often undergoing disproportionation to form more stable bismuth species with different oxidation state: Bi(III) and Bi(0). This instability makes Bi(II) compounds challenging to isolate and handle. Despite these restrictions, significant progress has been made in recent years with the isolation and characterization of Bi(II) radicals. These species exhibit diverse reactivity, particularly in bond activation, radical polymerization, and cross-coupling reactions.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Abraham Hill House
The Abraham Hill House is an historic First Period house in Belmont, Massachusetts, United States.  Probably built in the early 18th century, it is one of the oldest buildings in the town.  Its construction history shows changing residential trends over two hundred years of history.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Belmont, Massachusetts
Belmont is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a western suburb of Boston and is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 27,295, an increase of 10.4% from 2010.
Alana Alexander
Alana Alexander (Ngāpuhi, Te Hikutu) is a New Zealand bioinformatician at the University of Otago. In 2021, she was awarded a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship to investigate the past impacts of fisheries on Hector's and Māui dolphins, and use genomics to inform models of the future effects of climate change on whales and dolphins.

Scott Baker (marine biologist)
C. Scott Baker (born August 10, 1954) is an American molecular biologist and cetacean specialist.  He is Associate Director of the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State University.  He is also Adjunct Professor of Molecular Ecology and Evolution at the University of Auckland, and Editor of the Journal of Heredity.
Clonus
Clonus is a set of involuntary and rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations. Clonus is a sign of certain neurological conditions, particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesions involving descending motor pathways and, in many cases, is accompanied by spasticity (another form of hyperexcitability).  Unlike small spontaneous twitches known as fasciculations (usually caused by lower motor neuron pathology), clonus causes large motions that are usually initiated by a reflex. Studies have shown clonus beat frequency to range from three to eight Hz on average and may last a few seconds to several minutes depending on the patient's condition.

Lesion
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by injury or diseases. The term lesion is derived from the Latin laesio, meaning "injury". Lesions may occur in plants and animals.