hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Democratic National Committee protests
The 2023 Democratic National Committee protests were a pro-Palestine protest turned violent. The protest organizers, the Jewish Voice for Peace and the IfNotNow movement as well as other Pro-Palestinian protesters arrived outside the DNC building on 430 South Capitol St. SE at 6:40 pm after a candlelight vigil at 3rd Street and Maryland Avenue SW. The protest forced Capitol Police to shut down several roads in the area as officers tried to deal with the protesters.

The protests also showed a clear divide within the Democratic Party over the Gaza war and a clear divide within U.S. President Joe Biden's voter base.

Pepper spray
Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, mace, or capsicum spray is a lachrymator (tear gas) product containing as its active ingredient the chemical compound capsaicin, which irritates the eyes with burning and pain sensations and so causes them to close, bringing temporary blindness. This blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath. Pepper spray is used as a less lethal weapon in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears.

Pepper spray was engineered originally for defense against bears, cougars, wolves, and other dangerous predators, and is often referred to colloquially as bear spray.
B. (Bertram) C. Brookes
Bertram Claude Brookes (7 February 1910 – 10 June 1991) was a British statistician and information scientist. He was best known for his research in informetrics, particularly for reformulating Bradford's Law for applications in academic library management and bibliometric studies. Brookes also made pioneering contributions to the philosophical foundations and methodologies of the emerging field of information science during the 1970s.

Derek J. de Solla Price
Derek John de Solla Price (22 January 1922 – 3 September 1983) was a British physicist, historian of science, and information scientist. He was known for his investigation of the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek planetary computer, and for quantitative studies on scientific publications, which led to his being described as the "Herald of scientometrics".
Giovane scuola
The giovane scuola ("young school") refers to a group of Italian composers (mostly operatic) who succeeded Verdi and flourished in the late 19th and early 20th century. The group all had close connections with the Milan Conservatory and included Puccini, Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Giordano, Cilea, Pietro Floridia, Catalani and Franchetti, as well as non-operatic composers such as Lorenzo Perosi, who wrote almost exclusively sacred music. Most of the operatic composers of the giovane scuola were also members of the verismo movement. Although they also wrote more mainstream operas, many of their works focused on "the rawness of life" and the effect of poverty on society, and were characterized by an emotional rhetoric influenced by Wagner and Massenet.

Francesco Cilea
Francesco Cilea (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko tʃiˈlɛːa]; 23 July 1866 – 20 November 1950) was an Italian composer. Today he is particularly known for his operas L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur.
2024 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2024 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 107th staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 5 December 2023. The competition ran from 17 January to 17 February 2024.

University of Limerick were the defending champions.

The Fitzgibbon Cup final was played on 17 February 2024 at Tom Healy Park in Abbeydorney, between Mary Immaculate College and University of Limerick, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in eight years. Mary Immaculate College won the match by 2–14 to 1–15 to claim their third Fitzgibbon Cup title overall and a first title in seven years.

Gearóid O'Connor was the top scorer with 1-38.

Fitzgibbon Cup
The Fitzgibbon Cup (Irish: Corn Mhic Giobúin) is the trophy for the premier hurling championship among higher education institutions (universities, colleges and institutes of technology) in Ireland.

The Fitzgibbon Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council. Comhairle Ard Oideachais also oversees the Ryan Cup (tier 2 hurling championship), the Fergal Maher Cup (tier 3 hurling championship) and the Padraig MacDiarmada (tier 4 hurling championship).

The GAA Higher Education Cups are sponsored by Electric Ireland.
Andretti Bain
Andretti "Dretti" Bain (born 1 December 1985) is a Bahamian sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres. He was born in Nassau.

Bain finished fifth in 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2004 World Indoor Championships, together with teammates Chris Brown, Timothy Munnings and Dennis Darling.

He was the NCAA Indoor Champion at 400m in 2008 for Oral Roberts University, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He set an indoor personal best of 46.02 in the preliminary round.

Bain also won the 2008 NCAA Outdoor 400m Championship in 44.62 over USC's Lionel Larry, for Oral Roberts University.

Was part of the Bahamas' silver-medal winning team in the men's 4 × 400 m relay at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Bain graduated from Oral Roberts University.

Lionel Larry
Lionel Larry (born September 14, 1986) is an American sprinter who specializes in the 400 meters. Collegiately, he ran for the University of Southern California.

Larry won a gold medal at the 2009 World Championships after running in the preliminary heat of the 4 × 400 meter relay.
Arts of West Bengal
The Indian state West Bengal has a rich cultural heritage. Due to the reign of many different rulers in the past, arts and crafts in West Bengal underwent many changes giving an artistic diversity today in the forms of traditional handicrafts, terracotta, painting and carving, dances and music.

Bishnupur (West Bengal)
Bishnupur (/bɪʃnʊˌpʊər/; Bengali: [biʃnupur]; alternatively spelled as Vishnupur) is a city and a municipality in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. It has terracotta temples built by the Malla rulers, historic Radha Krishna temples built during 1600–1800 CE and the Baluchari sarees. In 1997 the temples of Bishnupur were placed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site's Tentative list.
Walter H. Crenshaw
Walter H. Crenshaw was the Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives during the American Civil War. He also served as President of the Alabama Senate.

A Democrat, he represented Butler County, Alabama.

Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives
The Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Alabama House of Representatives, elected by House members at the Legislature’s organizational session held after each general election. The Speaker recognizes members to speak, refers bills to committees, and appoints members to House standing committees under chamber rules adopted for each four-year term.

Following Reconstruction, Democrats held the speakership continuously until 2010, when Republicans won control of the House and elected Mike Hubbard, the first Republican Speaker since Reconstruction. As of 2023, the Speaker is Nathaniel Ledbetter.
Gerlach Water Tower
The Gerlach Water Tower, on Main Street in Gerlach, Nevada, was built in 1909 by the Utah Construction Company.

It has a 44,000 US gallons (170,000 L; 37,000 imp gal) capacity redwood tank.  It served locomotives of the Western Pacific Railroad Company and also the company town of Gerlach. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

Western Pacific Railroad
The Western Pacific Railroad (reporting mark WP) was a Class I railroad in the United States. It was formed in 1903 as an attempt to break the near-monopoly the Southern Pacific Railroad had on rail service into northern California. WP's Feather River Route directly competed with SP's portion of the Overland Route for rail traffic between Salt Lake City/Ogden, Utah, and Oakland, California, for nearly 80 years. The Western Pacific was one of the original operators of the California Zephyr passenger line.

In 1982, the Western Pacific was acquired by the Union Pacific Corporation and it was merged into the Union Pacific Railroad.
2010 Zagreb Open
The 2010 Zagreb Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Zagreb, Croatia between May 10 and May 16, 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Paolo Cavara
Paolo Cavara (4 July 1926 – 7 August 1982) was an Italian screenwriter and film director. He is best known for collaborating with Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco E. Prosperi on the 1962 mondo film Mondo Cane, and for directing the fiction film The Wild Eye (1967) and two giallo films, Black Belly of the Tarantula (1971) and Plot of Fear (1976).

Franco E. Prosperi
Franco E. Prosperi (born 1928) is a journalist and marine scientist who became a documentary director and producer. He is best known for his lasting collaboration with Gualtiero Jacopetti in the mondo film genre. His only fictional film was Wild Beasts (Belve feroci).
Charle (name)
Charle is a Finnish, French and Swedish masculine given name and nickname that is an alternate form of Charles as well as an English feminine given name and nickname that is a diminutive form of Scarlet and Scarlett.  Notable people referred to by this name include the following:

Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form Charles of the Proto-Germanic name ᚲᚨᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (in runic alphabet) or *karilaz (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was Ċearl or Ċeorl, as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England.

The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as Karolus (as in Vita Karoli Magni), later also as Carolus.
Waste (law)
Waste is a term used in property law to describe a cause of action that can be brought in court to address a change in condition of real property brought about by a current tenant that damages or destroys the value of that property. A lawsuit for waste can be brought against a life tenant or lessee of a leasehold estate, either by a current landlord or by the owner of a vested future interest.  The holder of an executory interest, however, has no standing to enforce an action for waste, since his future interest is not vested. There are several different kinds of waste under the law.

Vesting
In law, vesting is the point in time when the rights and interests arising from legal ownership of a property are acquired by some person. Vesting creates an immediately secured right of present or future deployment.  One has a vested right to an asset that cannot be taken away by any third party, even though one may not yet possess the asset. When the right, interest, or title to the present or future possession of a legal estate can be transferred to any other party, it is termed a vested interest.

The concept can arise in any number of contexts, but the most common are inheritance law and retirement plan law. In real estate, to vest is to create an entitlement to a privilege or a right. For example, one may cross someone else's property regularly and unrestrictedly for several years, and one's right to an easement becomes vested. The original owner still retains the possession, but can no longer prevent the other party from crossing.
Flower of Kent
The Flower of Kent is a green cultivar of cooking apple. It is pear-shaped, mealy, and sub-acid, and of generally poor quality by today's standards. As its name suggests, this cultivar likely originated from Kent, England.

Though now largely gone from commercial cultivation, a handful of Flower of Kent trees remain.  Most, if not all, are said to descend from trees at Newton's Woolsthorpe Manor, and nearly all that exist descend from a single tree in East Malling, Kent. One such tree is located in the President's Garden at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, although it is known to have produced only one apple. Currently, this cultivar remains available at Antique Apple Orchard Inc. in Sweet Home, Oregon.

According to the story, this is the apple Isaac Newton saw falling to the ground from its tree, inspiring his laws of universal gravitation.

The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale contains an example, listed as "Isaac Newton's Tree" (1948-729).

Woolsthorpe Manor
Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, is the birthplace and family home of Sir Isaac Newton. In the orchard within the grounds is Newton's famous apple tree. A Grade I listed building, it is now owned by the National Trust and open to the public.
Act of Adjournal
An Act of Adjournal is secondary legislation made by the High Court of Justiciary, the supreme criminal court of Scotland, to regulate the proceedings of Scottish courts hearing criminal matters. Now primarily derived from the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, the original power to create Acts of Adjournal is derived from an Act of the Parliament of Scotland in 1672. Before promulgation, Acts of Adjournal are reviewed and may be commented upon by the Criminal Courts Rules Council.: [s. 304]

Following Scottish devolution and the establishment of the Scottish Parliament, Acts of Adjournal are made as Scottish Statutory Instruments. Before devolution, acts were made as United Kingdom statutory instruments.: [s. 27]

Lord President of the Court of Session
The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein) is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836.  The Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Pentland, who was appointed to the position on 3 February 2025 succeeding Lord Carloway They are paid according to salary group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.
Tenentist revolts in Sergipe
Officers from the 28th Battalion of Caçadores (28th BC) of the Brazilian Army launched two tenentist revolts in Sergipe in 1924 and 1926. The first, inspired by the São Paulo Revolt of 1924, removed state governor Maurício Graccho Cardoso on 13 July and dominated the capital Aracaju until its defeat by loyalist troops on 3 August 1924. The second, inspired by the passage of the Prestes Column through Piauí, was launched on 18 January 1926 and suppressed in four hours of combat. The uprisings marked a combative political spirit in the battalion, and one of its leaders, Augusto Maynard Gomes, was appointed governor of Sergipe after the Revolution of 1930.

Tenentism
Tenentism (Portuguese: tenentismo) was a political philosophy of junior army officers (tenentes, IPA: [teˈnẽtʃis], "lieutenants"), generally from the burgeoning middle-class and unsatisfied with the oligarchic structure of the republic who significantly contributed to the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 that ended the First Brazilian Republic.

The movement advocated reforms in the country's power structure, among which the end of open ballot system (the end of the so-called vote of cabresto), a voting method that favored the coronelismo present in the Oligarchic Republic, in addition to defending the institution of Secret ballots, universal suffrage and reform in public education.
Delta Sculptoris
Delta Sculptoris (δ Scl, δ Sculptoris) is a triple star system in the constellation Sculptor.  It is approximately 137.4 light years from Earth.

The primary component, Delta Sculptoris A, is a white A-type main-sequence and Lambda Boötis star with an apparent magnitude of +4.59. It has a faint, magnitude 11.6 companion, Delta Sculptoris B, 4 arcseconds, or more than 175 astronomical units, away from it. Orbiting this pair at the much greater separation of 74 arcseconds, is the  G-type Delta Sculptoris C, which has an apparent magnitude of +9.4.

This system is a candidate member of the AB Doradus moving group, an association of stars with similar ages that share a common heading through space.

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Quintus Marcius Rex
Quintus Marcius Rex was a name used by men of the gens Marcia in Ancient Rome. They belonged to the Marcii Reges, a family who were the relatives of Julius Caesar through his grandmother Marcia.

Quintus Marcius Rex, praetor in 144 BC, famously known for the Aqua Marcia aqueduct which he constructed and was named after him.

Quintus Marcius Q. f. Q. n. Rex, consul in 118 BC, paternal great-uncle of Julius Caesar.

Quintus Marcius Q. f. (Q. n.) Rex, consul in 68 BC, grandson of the consul in 118 BC and a second cousin of Julius Caesar, also a brother-in-law of Publius Clodius Pulcher.

Quintus Marcius Rex (consul 118 BC)
Quintus Marcius Rex was a member of the Marcii Reges, the family founded by the Roman King Ancus Marcius. His father Quintus Marcius Rex, the praetor in 144 BC, built the Aqua Marcia aqueduct, the longest aqueduct of ancient Rome. The aqueduct was known for its water purity and its cold temperature.

Marcius carried on a war against the Stoeni, a Ligurian people at the foot of the Alps, and obtained a triumph in the following year on account of his victories over them. During his consulship in 118 BC, Marcius lost his only son, a youth of great promise, but had such mastery over his feelings as to meet the senate on the day of his son's burial, and perform his regular official duties.

His sister Marcia was the mother of Sextus Julius Caesar; Julia, wife of Gaius Marius; and Gaius Julius Caesar, father of Julius Caesar the dictator.

Through his son, possibly named Quintus Marcius Rex, he had a grandson also named Quintus Marcius Rex, who was the consul in 68 BC.
Raka, Tibet
Raka is a village in Dênggar Township in Saga County in the Shigatse Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies along the G219 road near the junction with the northern heading S206 road on the road to Qierexiang, roughly 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Saga. Historically it lay in the province of Tsang. Raka is very well connected, connected by provincial highway 206 to Coqen in the north, Saga in the southwest and Lhatse, Shigatse and Lhasa to the east. Several kilometres to the east is the village of Kyêrdo. An "enormous tributary" called the Raka Tsanpo flows nearby and the saline lake of Raka Lake is also located in the vicinity.

Saga County
Saga County (Tibetan: ས་དགའ་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 萨嘎县) is a county of the prefecture-level city of Xigazê in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, bordering Nepal to the west and southwest.

Dajia Lake and Jiesa Lake lies in the county.
Hitchcopse Pit
Hitchcopse Pit is a  3-hectare (7.4-acre) nature reserve north-west of Abingdon-on-Thames in Oxfordshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. It is part of Frilford Heath, Ponds and Fens, which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This former sand quarry has heath, woodland, scrub, grassland and a pond. There are many solitary bees and wasps, which create burrows in the soft sand walls of the quarry. The ground has many lichens and grassland plants, and there are scattered boulders which are covered with mosses.

Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust
The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) is a Wildlife Trust covering the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire in England.

The trust was formerly called the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust (BBONT).
USA Today All-USA High School Baseball Team
Each year, the American newspaper USA Today awards outstanding high-school baseball players with a place on its All-USA High School Baseball Team. The newspaper names athletes whom they believe to be the best baseball players from high schools across the United States.  The newspaper has named a team every year since 1998.

In 1989, USA Today began naming an annual USA Today High School Baseball Player of the Year and an annual USA Today High School Baseball Coach of the Year.

In 1998, the paper also began naming an annual USA Today All-USA High School Baseball Team of 9 to 11 players, with one member of the team designated the USA Today High School Baseball Player of the Year.

2004 Major League Baseball draft
The 2004 Major League Baseball draft, was held on June 7 and 8.  It was conducted via conference call with representatives from each of the league's 30 teams.  The draft marked the first time three players from the same university were chosen in the 
first ten picks.

Source:  MLB.com 2004 Draft Tracker
Liam Fontaine
Liam Vaughan Henry Fontaine (born 7 January 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. He has previously played in the English leagues for Fulham, Yeovil Town and Bristol City, and in the Scottish leagues for Kilmarnock, Hibernian, Ross County, Dundee and Edinburgh City. Fontaine retired in 2024, having compiled a lengthy and successful career of over 550 appearances and honours such as the Scottish Cup with Hibernian.

2016 Scottish Cup final
The 2016 Scottish Cup Final was the 131st final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 2015–16 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match took place at Hampden Park on 21 May 2016 and was contested by Scottish Championship teams Rangers and Hibernian. It was the first final to be contested by two teams from outside the top tier of the Scottish football league system. Hibernian ended a run of 114 years from last winning the competition, beating Rangers 3–2 with a stoppage time goal from club captain David Gray.

The winners, Hibernian, entered the second qualifying round of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League.