hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)
Andrew Hamilton (c.1676 – August 4, 1741) was a Scottish lawyer in the Thirteen Colonies who settled in Philadelphia. He was best known for his legal victory on behalf of the printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger. His involvement with the 1735 decision in New York helped to establish that truth is a defense to an accusation of libel.  His eloquent defense concluded with saying that the press has "a liberty both of exposing and opposing tyrannical power by speaking and writing truth."

His success in this case has been said to have inspired the term "Philadelphia lawyer", meaning a particularly adept and clever attorney, as in "It would take a Philadelphia lawyer to get him off." His estate in Philadelphia, known as Bush Hill, was inherited by his son, William Hamilton, who leased it for use as the vice-president's house during the years that the city was the temporary capital of the United States.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
Theridion pictum
Theridion pictum is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Turkey. It is the type species of the genus Theridion.

This species creates webs on a variety of vegetation such as bushes and tall grasses and flowers as well as on man made objects such as posts and fences. It is found in low, lying damp areas and has been recorded among moss and plant litter in wetlands. The males and females become mature in the early to mid-summer and the females may persist into November.

Theridion
Theridion is a genus of tangle-web spiders with a worldwide distribution. Notable species are the Hawaiian happy face spider (T. grallator), named for the iconic symbol on its abdomen, and T. nigroannulatum, one of few spider species that lives in social groups, attacking prey en masse to overwhelm them as a team.
Noire River (Bécancour River tributary)
The Noire River (in English: Black River) is a tributary of the Bécancour River which is a tributary of the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. The Noire River flows through the municipalities of Inverness, Laurierville, Plessisville and Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes, in the L'Érable Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

L'Érable Regional County Municipality
L'Érable (French pronunciation: [leʁabl], Maple) is a regional county municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada. Named for its maple trees, the area is rural in nature and is located 50 km southwest of Quebec City. Its seat is Plessisville.
Electoral district of Yass
Yass was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales between 1894 and 1920. It included the town of Yass. It largely replaced the electoral district of Yass Plains. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed along with Burrangong into Cootamundra. It was recreated in 1930 and replaced by Burrinjuck in 1950.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Arboreal theory
The arboreal theory claims that primates evolved from their ancestors by adapting to arboreal life. It was proposed by Grafton Elliot Smith (1912), a neuroanatomist who was chiefly concerned with the emergence of the primate brain. According to this theory, the need for precise depth perception for leaping and the ability to grasp branches were key adaptations for early primates in forested habitats. While the arboreal theory is central to understanding primate evolution, it faces ongoing debate and alternative hypotheses in primatology, reflecting the complexity of evolutionary dynamics.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Sovljak, Bogatić
Sovljak (Serbian: Совљак) is a village in Serbia.  It is situated in the Bogatić municipality, in the Mačva District. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbered 554 people by the 2011 census.

Mačva District
The Mačva District (Serbian: Мачвански округ, romanized: Mačvanski okrug, pronounced [mǎtʃʋanskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the western part of Serbia, in the geographical regions of Mačva, Podrinje, Posavina, and Pocerina. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 265,377 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Mačva District is the city of Šabac.
Love (2008 Indonesian film)
Love is a 2008 Indonesian anthology romance film directed by Kabir Bhatia as a remake of the 2006 film Cinta. The film marked the last appearance of actor Sophan Sophiaan before his death in 2008. Sophiaan appeared opposite his real-life wife, Widyawati.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Bifemelane
Bifemelane (INN), sold under the brand names Alnert and Celeport, is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that was widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction patients with depressive symptoms in Japan, and in the treatment of dementia as well. It also appears to be useful in the treatment of glaucoma. It has been discontinued in Japan since 1998, when it was removed from the market reportedly for lack of effectiveness.

Bifemelane acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of both isoenzymes, with competitive reversible inhibition of MAO-A (Ki = 4.20 μM), making it a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and non-competitive irreversible inhibition of MAO-B (Ki = 46.0 μM),  and also acts (weakly) as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). The drug has nootropic, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like effects in animal models, and appears to enhance the cholinergic system in the brain.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
Mark Scheinberg
(Igal)  Mark Scheinberg (Hebrew: (איגל) מרק שיינברג; born 1973) is an Israeli-Canadian businessman and investor within various sectors including real estate and luxury hospitality. He is the co-founder and former co-owner of the online gambling company PokerStars, which was sold in 2014 to Amaya Gaming for $4.9 billion. Scheinberg is also the founder and principal of the investment firm Mohari Hospitality, which has developed various luxury hotels across the world and owns the majority of Tao Group Hospitality.

Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
Four Seasons Hotels Limited, trading as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, is a Canadian luxury hotel and resort company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Four Seasons currently operates more than 100 hotels and resorts worldwide. Since 2007, Bill Gates (through Cascade Investment) and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal (through Kingdom Holding Company) have been majority owners of the company. As of January 2022, Gates-controlled Cascade Investment owns 71.25% and Alwaleed-controlled Kingdom Holding Company owns 23.75% of Four Seasons.
Thurstonland and Farnley Tyas Urban District
53°35′49″N 1°44′56″W﻿ / ﻿53.597°N 1.749°W﻿ / 53.597; -1.749

Thurstonland and Farnley Tyas was an urban district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1925 to 1938.

It was created in 1925 by the merger of the Thurstonland and Farnley Tyas urban districts (both created in 1894). On 1 April 1938 it was abolished, under a County Review Order, with most going to Kirkburton urban district, and part to Holmfirth Urban District. In 1931 the district had a population of 3,981. The area is now part of the Kirklees metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire.

Kirkburton
Kirkburton is a village, civil parish and ward in Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Huddersfield. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the township comprised the villages of Kirkburton and Highburton and several hamlets, including Thunder Bridge, Thorncliffe, Storthes Hall and Linfit. According to the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 26,439, while the village had a population of 4,299.
Wiley Johnson
Wiley W. Johnson was a farmer, shoemaker and political leader during the Reconstruction era in Texas. He served as a delegate to the 1868–1869 Texas Constitutional Convention. He and other 19th-century African American political leaders in Texas are commemorated on a memorial in Austin, Texas.

He was born in Arkansas c. 1841.

He and Mitchell Kendall represented Harrison County. They were among the eleven African Americans who served in the 1868–1869 Texas Constitutional Convention. He was one of the candidates supported by the Union League.

Mitchell Kendall
Mitchell M. Kendall (c. 1822–c. 1885) was a blacksmith and state legislator in Texas for Harrison County, Texas. Kendall was born in Georgia as a slave in 1822 and was brought to Texas around 1850. He served as a voter registrar in Harrison County. At the 1868 Texas Constitutional Convention he voted to separate Texas into three states. He was later elected as a Republican to the Texas House of Representatives for the Twelfth Legislature from 1870 to 1871.

The 1880 federal census reported stated that Kendall lived with his wife, Adeline, and his five children.

Kendall was a member of the Ebenezer United Methodist Church in New Town neighborhood of Marshall, Texas. He was buried at the Old Powder Mill Cemetery in Marshall.
Get Your Wings
Get Your Wings is the second studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on March 15, 1974. The album was their first to be produced by Jack Douglas, who also was responsible for the band's next three albums. Three singles were released from the album, but none reached the singles charts.

The album has been released in stereo and quadraphonic, and certified triple platinum by the RIAA.

Stephen Davis (music journalist)
Stephen Davis is an American music journalist.

Davis was born in New York City and attended Boston University. He began his career writing for the Boston Phoenix in 1970. His journalism has appeared in Rolling Stone, The New York Times, the Boston Globe and numerous other newspapers and magazines.

The negativity and purported inaccuracy of his Led Zeppelin biography Hammer of the Gods, along with other controversial works, earned him the nickname "Stephen Salacious".
Lucius Cossonius Gallus
Lucius Cossonius Gallus was a Roman senator, who held a number of offices in the imperial service. He was suffect consul in one of the nundinia that fell in the last half of AD 117 as the colleague of Publius Afranius Flavianus. His full name is Lucius Cossonius Gallus Vecillius Crispinus Mansuanius Marcellinus Numisius Sabinus. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

Novae (fortress)
Novae was a Roman legionary fortress along the empire's border found in modern-day Bulgaria. It was part of a series of frontier defences (limes Moesiae) along the Danube. The settlement later expanded into a town in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior, later Moesia Secunda.

It lies about 4 km east of the modern town of Svishtov.

The fortress is one of the few along the limes to have been excavated and now open to the public.
Yanwath and Eamont Bridge
Yanwath and Eamont Bridge is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, consisting of the small village of Yanwath and most of the neighbouring village of Eamont Bridge.  In the 2001 census it had a population of 457, increasing to 535 at the 2011 Census.

The parish was created in 1866 and was formerly a township of Barton.  The boundaries are now partially marked by the Rivers Eamont and Lowther.  The parish council meets at the village hall in Eamont Bridge.

Half a mile north-west of Yanwath, Yanwath Hall is a fortified tower and hall house built in the early to mid 15th century, with 16th and 17th century alterations.

Yanwath
Yanwath is a village in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England, 1 mile south of Penrith.

There is a primary school at Yanwath, with 192 pupils.

Yanwath Gate Inn, in the centre of the village, dates from the 17th century. It is a Grade II listed building.

Half a mile north-west of the village, Yanwath Hall is a fortified tower house. Its oldest parts were built in the late 14th century. It is a Grade I listed building.
John Berney
Christianity portal

John Berney (1698/9–1782) was an English Anglican priest and academic, Archdeacon of Norwich from 11 October 1744 until his death on 13 June 1782.

He was the son of Sir Richard Berney, 3rd Baronet, born at Kirby, Norfolk. He matriculated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1717, aged 18. He graduated B.A. 1721 and M.A. 1724, and was a Fellow of the college from 1721 to 1737. He became D.D. in 1741.

Berney held livings at Hethersett, St Mary, Saxlingham and St Clement, Norwich.

Archdeacon of Norwich
The Archdeacon of Norwich is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich, who exercises supervision of clergy and responsibility for church buildings within the geographical area of her or his archdeaconry.
Brandon Escobar
Brandon Escobar (born September 25, 1990 in Queens, New York) is a Honduran-American Olympian, freestyle wrestler. He qualified to wrestle in the men's freestyle 55 kg division at the 2012 Summer Olympics for the country of, Honduras. Honduras' first, and only, qualified Olympic freestyle wrestler, qualifying at the 2012 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament. He largely grew up on the North Shore of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. Graduating from Rocky Point High School, and briefly attending Nassau Community College. He earned All-American honors, placing 6th at the NJCAA, National Collegiate Championship in 2020.

He lost to Mihran Jaburyan in the second round of the men's -55 kg freestyle division.

Mihran Jaburyan
Mihran Jaburyan (Armenian: Միհրան Ջաբուրյան, born 16 November 1984) is an Armenian Freestyle wrestler. He won the Armenian Championship in 2010 and 2011. Jaburyan competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's freestyle 55 kg division, reaching the quarter-finals.
Wards of Houston
When the city of Houston was founded in 1836 and incorporated in 1837, its founders—John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen—divided it into political geographic districts called "wards". The ward system, a precursor to today's City Council districts, was a common political tool of the early 19th century, and is still used in some American cities. When the system was at its peak, the city had six wards, from the first to the sixth.

Augustus Chapman Allen
Augustus Chapman Allen (July 4, 1806 – January 11, 1864), along with his younger brother, John Kirby Allen, founded the City of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas. He was born on July 4, 1806, in Canaseraga Village, New York (now the hamlet of Sullivan in the Town of Sullivan, New York), to Sarah (Chapman) and Roland Allen.
Spineto Scrivia
Spineto Scrivia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Spineto Scrivia borders the following municipalities: Carbonara Scrivia, Paderna, Tortona, and Villaromagnano.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Ashdod Naval Base
Ashdod Naval Base, also known as Southern Arena by the Israeli Navy, is a naval base located in the port city of Ashdod near the Port of Ashdod. It plays an important role in the surveillance and blockade of the Gaza Strip, as well as in protecting the Port of Ashdod.

Arish
Arish or El-Arish (Egyptian Arabic: العريش, romanized: al-ʿArīš, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elʕæˈɾiːʃ]) is the capital and largest city of the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast 344 kilometres (214 mi) northeast of Cairo and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the Egypt–Gaza border. Its estimated population was 204,391 in 2023.

In antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, the city was known as Rinokoroura (Ancient Greek: Ῥινοκόρουρα, Coptic: ϩⲣⲓⲛⲟⲕⲟⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁ). ʻArīsh is located at the mouth of Wadi al-Arish, a 250 kilometres (160 mi) long ephemeral watercourse. The Azzaraniq Protectorate is on the eastern side of ʻArīsh.
Gao Rou
Gao Rou (174 – October or November 263), courtesy name Wenhui, was a Chinese politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a younger relative of Gao Gan. He previously served under the warlords Yuan Shao and Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty.

Gao Gan
Gao Gan (pronunciationⓘ) (died 206), courtesy name Yuancai, was a minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was a maternal nephew and subordinate of the warlord Yuan Shao.
For All Those Sleeping
For All Those Sleeping was an American metalcore band formed in Sartell, Minnesota in 2007.  The band released three studio albums, Cross Your Fingers, Outspoken, and Incomplete Me, all of which featured the same lineup. They announced their breakup in 2014.

Motionless in White
Motionless in White is an American metalcore band from Scranton, Pennsylvania. Formed in 2004, the band consists of lead vocalist Chris "Motionless" Cerulli, guitarists Ryan Sitkowski and Ricky "Horror" Olson, drummer Vinny Mauro and bassist Justin Morrow. Cerulli is the only member of the original line-up that remains in the band. The group has stated that their band name derived from the Eighteen Visions song "Motionless and White".

Motionless in White was signed to Fearless Records for their first three studio albums; their fourth album, Graveyard Shift, was released in May 2017 through Roadrunner Records. Their fifth album, Disguise, was released in June 2019, followed by their sixth album, Scoring the End of the World, in June 2022.
Hufangqiao station
Hufangqiao Station (simplified Chinese: 虎坊桥站; traditional Chinese: 虎坊橋站; pinyin: Hǔfāngqiáo Zhàn) is a station on Line 7 of the Beijing Subway. It was opened on December 28, 2014 as a part of the stretch between Beijing West railway station and Jiaohuachang and is located between Caishikou and Zhushikou.

Jiaohuachang station
Jiaohua Chang Station (simplified Chinese: 焦化厂站; traditional Chinese: 焦化廠站; pinyin: Jiāohuà Chǎng Zhàn) is a station on Line 7 of the Beijing Subway. It was opened on December 28, 2014. It is located in the former site of the Beijing Jiaohuachang (Coking plant) complex. The station was the terminus of Line 7 until the opening of the phase 2 eastern extension to Huazhuang on December 28, 2019.
Uman (Peru)
Uman (Quechua uma head, -n a suffix, also spelled Umán) is a 5,431-metre-high (17,818 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, on the border of the districts of Miraflores and Tanta. Uman lies west of a lake named Pisququcha and northeast of Wayna Qutuni, Qutuni and Altarniyuq.

Cordillera Central (Peru)
The Cordillera Central (Spanish for central mountain range) is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W (or between 11°37' and 12°26'S and 75°30' and 76°18'W) for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.

The name Cordillera Central is also applied to one of the three ranges that cross Peru in a northwesterly direction between the Cordillera Occidental ("the western range") where the Cordillera Central of the Junín and Lima Regions is located and the Cordillera Oriental ("the eastern range").  The mountaineer Evelio Echevarría uses the term for the La Viuda range and the Khaskaqucha range.