hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schwandorf (district)
Schwandorf is a Landkreis (district) in Upper Palatinate in the eastern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Cham, Regensburg, Neumarkt, Amberg-Sulzbach, Neustadt an der Waldnaab, and the Czech Plzeň Region.

Upper Palatinate
The Upper Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Oberpfalz, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌpfalts] ⓘ, Bavarian: Obapfoiz, Owerpfolz) is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities.
Conall Grant
Conall Grant mac Cernaig (died 718) was a King of Brega of the Uí Chernaig sept of Lagore of the Síl nÁedo Sláine. He was the grandson of the high king Diarmait mac Áedo Sláine (died 665). His father Cernach Sotal had died during plague years in 664. His byname Grant meant "Grey-haired"

Loch Gabhar
Loch Gabhar (Lagore) is an area in the barony of Ratoath, County Meath, Ireland. It is located between the villages of Ratoath and Dunshaughlin and is the origin of the names of the townlands of Lagore Big (Loch Gabhar Mór) and Lagore Little (Loch Gabhar Beag).

The name has two interpretations. One is "Lake of (the) Goats" and the other is Loch dá Gabhar as  "Lake of (the) Two Horses", explained in the eleventh-century Dindsenchas as the place where Gáeth ("Wind") and Grían ("Sun"), the horses of Eochu, king of Munster were drowned, using a literary homonym gabhar meaning "horse" rather than "goat".

Lagore is also home to the Lagore crannóg, the Irish royal residence of the 7th to 10th centuries.

During excavations of the site a number of bronze items were found, including weapons and brooches. These finds included the Lagore Brooch, which can now be found at the National Museum of Ireland on Kildare Street in Dublin.
Maude Frazier
Maude Frazier (April 4, 1881 – June 20, 1963) was an American educator and politician who served as the 22nd lieutenant governor of Nevada. A member of the Democratic Party, Frazier was a member of the Nevada Assembly, elected to represent Clark County from 1950 to 1962.

Before running for office, Frazier was a Nevada deputy superintendent of public instruction over Southern Nevada from 1921 to 1927. For the following twenty years, from 1927 to 1947, she served as principal of Las Vegas High School and superintendent of the Las Vegas Union School District, which in 1956 became the Clark County School District.

As an assemblywoman, Frazier was a vocal proponent of establishing a public university in Southern Nevada. As chair of the education committee and a member of the ways and means committee, she secured the legislature’s support to establish the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

University of Nevada, Reno
The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada, the University of Nevada, or UNR) is a public land-grant research university in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is the state's flagship public university and primary land grant institution. It was founded on October 12, 1874, in Elko, Nevada.

The university is classified as a doctoral, R1 research university by the Carnegie Classification. In 2018, the university spent $144 million on research and development according to the National Science Foundation. Among its several schools and colleges, the university has a medical school and is home to the Donald W. Reynolds School of Journalism from which six Pulitzer Prize winners have graduated.
Andria Bitadze
Andria Bitadze (Georgian: ანდრია ბითაძე; born 17 May 1997) is a Georgian professional water polo player for CC Ortigia and the Georgian national team. Previously he has played for Jadran Herceg Novi, CN Barcelona, VK Crvena Zvezda, Roma vis Nova, WPC Dinamo Tbilisi and Panionios Water Polo Club.

He participated at the 2018 Men's European Water Polo Championship.

European Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championship
The European Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championship, previously known as the LEN European U19 Water Polo Championship, is a continental water polo tournament held every two years for the players under the age of 20. It was launched by LEN in 1970 for men and in 1994 for women. With the 2026 competition, the age category was changed from U19 to U20.
Michelle Jenneke
Michelle "Shelly" Jenneke (/ˈdʒɛnəˌkʌ/ JEN-ə-kuh;  born 23 June 1993) is an Australian hurdler and model. She is a three-time Australian national champion in the 100 m hurdles (2016, 2023, 2024) and in 2023 became the second-fastest hurdler in the 100 m hurdles in Australia's history after Sally Pearson. Jenneke won a silver medal for the 100 m hurdles at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics and the 100 m hurdles at the 2016 Australian Athletics Championships to qualify for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. In 2012, she received worldwide media attention after her pre-race warm-up dance went viral on the internet and was featured in the 2013 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.

100 metres hurdles
The 100 metres hurdles, or 100-meter hurdles, is a track and field event run mainly by women (the male counterpart is the 110 metres hurdles). For the race, ten hurdles of a height of 83.8 centimetres (33 in) are placed along a straight course of 100 metres (109.36 yd). The first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13 metres from the starting line. The next 9 hurdles are set at a distance of 8.5 metres from each other, and the home stretch from the last hurdle to the finish line is 10.5 metres long. The hurdles are set up so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner, but weighted so this is disadvantageous. Fallen hurdles do not count against runners provided that they do not run into them on purpose. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 100 m hurdles begins with athletes in starting blocks.

The fastest 100 m hurdlers run the distance in well under 13 seconds. The world record set by Tobi Amusan stands at 12.12 seconds.
Maya cave sites
Mayan cave sites are associated with the Mayan civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Beliefs and observances connected with these cave sites persist among some contemporary Mayan communities. Many of the Mayan caves served religious purposes. For this reason, the artifacts found there, alongside the epigraphic, iconographic, and ethnographic studies, help build the modern-day understanding of the Mayan religion and society.

Naj Tunich
Naj Tunich (Mopan Maya: [nah tunit͡ʃ] "stone house, cave") is a series of pre-Columbian era natural caves outside the village of La Compuerta, roughly 35 km east of Poptún in Guatemala. The site was a Maya ritual pilgrimage site during the Classic period.  Artifacts show that the cave was accessed primarily during the Early Classic period. Deposits become rarer during the Late Classic period. The fame of the cave, however, rests on its long Late Classic (c. AD 600 – c. 900) hieroglyphic texts as well as on a considerable number painted scenes and figures.

In 2012, the caves were added to the Tentative Lists as a potential UNESCO World Heritage Site. By that time, they were already a National Monument of Guatemala.
House of mirrors
A house of mirrors or hall of mirrors is a traditional attraction at funfairs (carnivals) and amusement parks.  It is a maze-like puzzle (made out of a myriad of mirrors). In addition to the maze, participants are also given mirrors as obstacles, and glass panes to parts of the maze they cannot yet get to. Sometimes the mirrors may be distorted because of different curves, convex, or concave in the glass to give the participants unusual and confusing reflections of themselves, some humorous and others frightening.

Distorting mirror
A distorting mirror, funhouse mirror or carnival mirror is a popular attraction at carnivals and fairs. Instead of a normal plane mirror that reflects a perfect mirror image, distorting mirrors are curved mirrors, often using convex and concave sections to achieve the distorted effect. Because of their distorting properties, they are sometimes featured in fiction as a literary device, such as in Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale The Snow Queen.

Distorted mirrors are used as a metaphor for describing Wikipedia, personalized medicine and social media which rather than reflecting society, tend to distort our perceptions of reality and social norms.
Marriott Motor Hotel Twin Bridges
The Marriott Motor Hotel, later the Marriott Motor Hotel Twin Bridges and the Twin Bridges Marriott Hotel, was the first lodging facility operated by what would become Marriott International.  It opened in 1957 and was demolished in 1990.

Jefferson Davis Highway
The Jefferson Davis Highway, also known as the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway, was a transcontinental highway in the United States in the 1910s and 1920s that began in Arlington County, Virginia, and extended south and west to San Diego, California; it was named for Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, United States senator, and Secretary of War. Because of unintended conflict between the National Auto Trail movement and the federal government, it is unclear whether it ever really existed in the complete form that its United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) founders originally intended.
Young Turks Club
Young Turks Club (영턱스클럽), also known as YTC, is a five-member Korean idol group that debuted in 1996. The group was produced by Lee Juno from Seo Taiji and Boys and had Lim Sung-eun, Song Jin-ah, Han Hyun-nam, Ji Joon-goo, and Choi Seung-min as its original members. As the word "turk" means "young dynamic person eager for change", their name Young Turks Club means "a group of active young people eager to change." On July 9, 1996, they made their debut stage on KMTV's Show! Music Tank with "Peek", the song didn't achieve success and failed to gain interest from the general public. They quickly changed to "Affection" a week later and rose to stardom. Their song "Affection" was their first release to become widely popular in Korea. In a 2023 post by Rolling Stone, the song was ranked number 58 in The 100 Best Korean Pop Songs Of All Time.

The group won the new artist award at the Seoul Music Awards in 1996.

Seo Taiji and Boys
Seo Taiji and Boys (Korean: 서태지와 아이들) was a South Korean music group active from 1992 to 1996. The three members of the boy band, Seo Taiji, Yang Hyun-suk and Lee Juno, experimented with many different genres of popular Western music. Seo Taiji and Boys was highly successful and is credited with changing the South Korean music industry by pioneering the use of rap in Korean popular music and utilizing social critique, despite pressure from ethics and censorship committees.

The band won the Grand Prize at the Seoul Music Awards in both 1992 and 1993. In April 1996, Billboard reported that the band's first three albums had each sold over 1.6 million copies, with the fourth nearing two million, making all four some of the best-selling albums in South Korea.
Alimentary toxic aleukia
Alimentary toxic aleukia is a mycotoxin-induced condition characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia (aleukia), hemorrhaging, skin inflammation, and sometimes death. Alimentary toxic aleukia almost always refers to the human condition associated with presence of T-2 Toxin.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
James H. Nave
James H. Nave (1864 - October 6, 1949) was an American architect based in Lewiston, Idaho.  He designed a number of works which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) for their architecture.

Clarkston, Washington
Clarkston is a city in Asotin County, Washington, United States. It is part of the Lewiston–Clarkston, ID-WA metropolitan area, and is located west of Lewiston, Idaho, across the Snake River. The population was 7,161 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 7,138 in 2024. Clarkston's ZIP Code, 99403, is the highest numerically in the contiguous United States.
Miss Grand Paraguay 2025
CNB Miss Grand Paraguay 2025 was the 7th edition of the Miss Grand Paraguay pageant, and the 2nd edition of the Concurso Nacional de Belleza del Paraguay (CNB Paraguay) project, held on 30 March 2025. at the Salon de Eventos del Paseo La Galería in Asunción. Candidates from 23 departments and cities of the country competed for the title.

The contest was won by 21-year-old Cecilia Romero of Caazapá, who was crowned by the preceding Miss Grand Paraguay 2024 Sharon Capó of Amambay. Romero will later represent the country in the international parent stage, Miss Grand International 2025, to be held in Thailand on 18 October 2025.

After the crowning of the Miss Grand title, the remaining 11 of the top 15 finalists competed again for the titles of Miss Supranational Paraguay 2025, Miss Cosmo Paraguay 2025, and others.

The event was live transmitted via Paraná TV and the MGM Producciones YouTube channel.

Miss Grand International 2025
Miss Grand International 2025 was the 13th edition of the Miss Grand International pageant, held at the MGI Hall in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

CJ Opiaza of the Philippines crowned Emma Tiglao of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event. This marks the first back-to-back victory in Miss Grand International history.

Contestants from seventy-seven countries and territories competed in this edition. The competition was transmitted via the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV, and was hosted by Matthew Deane. Miss Grand Thailand 2022, Engfa Waraha, Pitchapa Justice, and Kanlayawan Phet-in performed in this edition.
Stadio Nereo Rocco
Stadio Nereo Rocco is a football stadium in Trieste, Italy. Opened in 1992, it is the home of Triestina, named after the club's former player and manager Nereo Rocco. The stadium is located in the Valmaura district on the southern outskirts of the city, close to the club's former venue Stadio Giuseppe Grezar.

Originally built with a capacity of 26,000, renovations done in 2018 before the venue hosted matches of the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship reduced the capacity to 21,000.

Cagliari played their final home games of the 2011–12 Serie A season at the ground, due to restoration of their Stadio Sant'Elia.

US Triestina Calcio 1918
Unione Sportiva Triestina Calcio 1918, commonly referred to US Triestina or just Triestina, is an Italian football club based in Trieste, in the northern Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. Originally established in 1918, Triestina was one of the founding members of Serie A in 1929 and featured in Italian top flight until the late 1950s. Triestina spent the following decades in lower levels, and during that time the club was folded and re-established several times. As of the 2024–25 season it plays in Serie C, the third tier of Italian football.
Enrico Chiesa
Enrico Chiesa (Italian pronunciation: [enˈriːko ˈkjɛːza; ˈkjeːza]; born 29 December 1970) is an Italian football coach and former striker.

Chiesa played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, and performed regularly in Serie A for over a decade, winning titles with Sampdoria, Parma, and Fiorentina; he later also spent a spell with Lazio. He moved to Siena where he became a household name and, thanks to his goals, the Tuscan side stayed in the top division for many seasons. He retired with Figline in 2010, the club with which he subsequently began his coaching career. He won the 1998–99 UEFA Cup and Coppa Italia with Parma, finishing the former tournament as the top scorer, with 8 goals. At international level, he played for the Italy national team on 17 occasions between 1996 and 2001, scoring 7 goals, and was also part of the Italian squads that took part at UEFA Euro 1996 and the 1998 FIFA World Cup.

He is father to Federico Chiesa, who is also a professional footballer.

2000–01 Coppa Italia
The 2000–01 Coppa Italia was the 54th edition of the tournament. The tournament was won by Fiorentina, for their 6th title, also qualifying for the UEFA Cup in the progress. It was Fiorentina's second title in recent years, having also won the 1995–96 edition of the tournament. Fiorentina defeated Parma in the two-legged final on an aggregate score of 2–1.
Verbiv, Pidhaitsi urban hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Verbiv (Ukrainian: Вербів) - village in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Pidhaitsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Verbiv belonged to Pidhaitsi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidhaitsi Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

Pidhaitsi urban hromada
Pidhaitsi urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Підгаєцька територіальна громада, romanized: Pidhaietska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Pidhaitsi. Its population is 16,236 (2022 estimate)
Antisemitism in Europe
Antisemitism, the prejudice or discrimination against Jews, has had a long history since the ancient times. While antisemitism had already been prevalent in ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, its institutionalization in European Christianity after the destruction of the ancient Jewish cultural center in Jerusalem caused two millennia of segregation, expulsions, persecutions, pogroms, and genocides of Jews, which culminated in the 20th-century Holocaust in Nazi German-occupied European states, where 67% of all European Jews were murdered.

Rootless cosmopolitan
"Rootless cosmopolitan" (Russian: безродный космополит, romanized: bezródnyj kosmopolít) was a pejorative epithet that was mostly applied to creatives, intellectuals, and prominent political figures, particularly Jewish, during the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union.

In the Communist Party's discourse, rootless cosmopolitans were defined as unpatriotic Soviet citizens who disseminated foreign influence and favoured the socio-political atmosphere or aesthetics of Western Europe or the United States.

It became especially prevalent during the country's anti-cosmopolitan campaign, which began in 1946 and continued until Stalin's death in 1953, as part of an assault on "bourgeois Western influences" that widely targeted writers and other intellectuals, culminating in the "exposure" of the non-existent "doctors' plot" against the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The term is considered to be an antisemitic trope.
Muscle contracture
Muscle contractures can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. Fundamentally, the muscle and its tendons shorten, resulting in reduced flexibility.

Various interventions can slow, stop, or even reverse muscle contractures, ranging from physical therapy to surgery.

Range of motion
Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another.

In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises (range of motion therapy—stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain) is also sometimes called range of motion.

In mechanical engineering, it is (also called range of travel or ROT) used particularly when talking about mechanical devices, such as a sound volume control knob.
Polygonum deciduum
Polygonum deciduum is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to Uzbekistan. It was first described in 1856.

It has also been treated as a synonym of Polygonum argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze.

Polygonum argyrocoleon
Polygonum argyrocoleon, with common names silver-sheath knotweed and Persian knotweed, is an Asian species of plants in the buckwheat family. It is native to Siberia, western China, Central Asia, and the Middle East. It has also become naturalized in parts of the United States, primarily the Southwest, and northwestern Mexico.

Polygonum argyrocoleon is an annual herb up to 80 cm (31 in) tall. It has very small leaves rarely more than 5 cm (2.0 in) long.
Vera Baird
Dame Vera Baird DBE KC (née Thomas; born 13 February 1950) is a British barrister and politician who has held roles as a government minister, police and crime commissioner, and Victims' Commissioner for England and Wales.

A Labour Party Member of Parliament for Redcar from 2001 to 2010, Baird was a government minister from 2006 to 2010 and the Solicitor General for England and Wales from 2007 to 2010. She served as the Police and Crime Commissioner for Northumbria Police from November 2012 to June 2019. She was appointed as Victims' Commissioner in June 2019 and resigned in September 2022, accusing government ministers of downgrading victims' interests.

Baird was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to women and equality.

Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004
The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (c. 28) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is concerned with criminal justice and concentrates upon legal protection and assistance to victims of crime, particularly domestic violence. It also expands the provision for trials without a jury, brings in new rules for trials for causing the death of a child or vulnerable adult, and permits bailiffs to use force to enter homes.
Drosera modesta
Drosera modesta, the modest rainbow, is a scrambling perennial tuberous species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera. It is endemic to Western Australia and grows on granite outcrops or stream banks in laterite or sand-clay soils. D. modesta produces shield-shaped carnivorous leaves with longer than normal tentacles. The scrambling stems can be 0.3–0.8 m (1.0–2.6 ft) long. White flowers bloom from October to November.

Drosera modesta was first described and named by Ludwig Diels in 1904.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".