hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 Copa Sevilla
The 2013 Copa Sevilla was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Seville, Spain between 9 and 15 September 2013.

Copa Sevilla
The Copa Sevilla is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour since 1991. It is held annually at the Real Club de Tenis Betis in Seville, Spain since 1963. It became a Challenger 125 event in September 2023, on its 60th anniversary.
Outline of Armenia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Armenia:

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.

Demographics of Armenia
The population of Eastern Armenia – corresponding to the First Republic of Armenia as well as Soviet and post-Soviet Armenia – has undergone significant changes in the 20th century.

Following Turkey's genocide of Armenians in 1915, between 300,000-600,000 Armenians fled from Western Armenia to Eastern Armenia, a number which increased further following Turkey's invasion of Eastern Armenia in 1920. After registering steady increases during the Soviet period due to repatriation campaigns and low emigration rates, the population declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 3.075 million in 2025. Primary factors contributing to this emigration include the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the economic hardship caused by the ongoing blockade imposed by Turkey and Azerbaijan (1989-present). Recently there has been a moderate influx of Armenians returning to Armenia.
Nicola River
The Nicola River /ˈnɪkoʊlə/, originally French Rivière de Nicholas or Rivière de Nicolas, adapted to Nicolas River, Nicola's River in English, is one of the major tributaries of the Thompson River in the Canadian province of British Columbia, entering the latter at the town of Spences Bridge.

Spences Bridge
Spences Bridge is a community in the Canadian province of British Columbia, situated 35 km (22 mi) north east of Lytton and 44 km (27 mi) south of Ashcroft. At Spences Bridge the Trans-Canada Highway crosses the Thompson River. In 1892, Spences Bridge's population included 32 people of European ancestry and 130 First Nations people. There were five general stores, three hotels, one Church of England and one school. The principal industries are fruit growing and farming. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 76, a decrease of 23.2 per cent from the 2016 count of 99.
James Gang
James Gang was an American rock band formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1966. The band went through a variety of line-up changes until they recorded their first album as a power trio consisting of Joe Walsh (guitars, lead vocals), Tom Kriss (bass) and Jim Fox (drums). Dale Peters replaced Kriss on bass for the band's second and third albums. Two of the band's songs, "Funk #49" and "Walk Away", continue to be popular on classic rock and AOR stations.

In late 1971, Walsh left to pursue a solo career and would later join the Eagles. The band carried on with a number of other guitarists and lead singers to replace Walsh. However, after failing to produce a hit song over the course of six more studio albums, the band finally broke up in 1977. Walsh, Fox and Peters have reformed for reunions since then, including September 3, 2022, when the power trio returned for a performance at the Taylor Hawkins Tribute Concert held in Wembley Stadium.

Michael Stanley
Michael Stanley (born Michael Stanley Gee; March 25, 1948 – March 5, 2021) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and radio and television personality. As a solo artist and with the Michael Stanley Band (MSB), and Michael Stanley and the Resonators (MS&R), his brand of heartland rock was popular in Cleveland, Ohio, and around the American Midwest in the 1970s and 1980s.
ESO 444-46
ESO 444-46 (Shapley 8-1, A3558-M1) is a class E4 supergiant elliptical galaxy; the dominant and brightest member of the Abell 3558 galaxy cluster around 200.8 megaparsecs (654.9 million light-years) away in the constellation Centaurus. It lies within the core of the massive Shapley Supercluster, one of the closest neighboring superclusters. It is one of the largest galaxies in the local universe, and possibly contains one of the most massive black holes known. The black hole's mass is very uncertain, with estimates ranging from as low as 501 million M☉, to as high as 77.6 billion M☉.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Niamh (mythology)
Niamh (Irish: [n̠ʲiəw]), also known as Niamh Cinn-Óir ("Golden-headed Niamh" or "Golden-haired Niamh") is the lover or spouse of Oisín, son of Fionn mac Cumhail, in the Fianna Cycle of Irish mythology.

In the story of Niamh, she was an otherworldly woman who fell in love with an Irish man named Oisín and carried him away to live with her in her domain of Tír na nÓg, the Land of Youth. She had two sons and a daughter with Oisín. After more than 300 years of living together, Niamh reluctantly allowed Oisín to visit Ireland, imposing on him a taboo not to touch the ground there, and once he did, he turned old and was unable to go back to see Niamh ever again.

In the medieval version, Niamh was a mortal princess of Munster who eloped with Oisín to Ulster but committed suicide when her father's army arrived in pursuit.

Acallam na Senórach
Acallam na Senórach (Modern Irish: Agallamh na Seanórach, whose title in English has been given variously as Colloquy of the Ancients, Tales of the Elders of Ireland, The Dialogue of the Ancients of Ireland, etc.), is an important prosimetric Middle Irish narrative dating to c. 1200. It is the most important text of the Finn Cycle (also known as the Fenian Cycle, fíanaigecht, fiannaigheacht, fiannaíocht etc) and at about 8,000 lines is the longest-surviving work of medieval Irish literature. It contains many Finn Cycle narratives framed by a story in which the fianna warriors and Caílte mac Rónáin have survived long enough to relate the tales to Saint Patrick. The work has been seen as a defence of the Irish literary establishment when it came under the scrutiny of Church reformers during the 12th to 13th centuries.
Tallinn City Council
Tallinn City Council (Estonian: Tallinna linnavolikogu) is the representative body of the municipality of Tallinn, the capital and biggest city of Estonia.

The executive power body of Tallinn is the Tallinn City Government.

Tallinn City Government
Tallinn City Government (Estonian: Tallinna linnavalitsus) is the executive body, which conducts the work of all institutions (except City Council Office) and subinstitutions of Tallinn, Estonia. The body's building is located at Freedom Square.

The body has eight members: mayor and seven deputy mayors. Current (2024) mayor is Jevgeni Ossinovski. The work of the body takes place as session. Regular sessions are held on Wednesdays.

Before WWII, the body used Tallinn Town Hall.
Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies
The Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies (Swedish: Centrum för Östeuropastudier, SCEEUS) is a non-profit organization based in Stockholm, Sweden, opened in 2020 by the Swedish Institute of International Affairs. At its foundation it was managed by Fredrik Löjdquist.

SCEEUS provides politically relevant analyses regarding Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine.

SCEEUS received guidance from an advisory board that also assesses the quality and relevance of its work. This advisory board has a chairman from the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and representatives from its parent organization the Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE), Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Institute for Russian and Eurasian Studies at University of Uppsala (IRES) and a representative of the Swedish business community.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: Utrikesdepartementet, UD) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to foreign policy, democracy, human rights, international development cooperation and foreign trade.

The ministry is currently headed by the minister for foreign affairs, Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.
NGC 682
NGC 682 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Cetus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is  5,338 ± 26 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 78.7 ± 5.5 Mpc (~257 million light-years). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 30 December 1785.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 682: SN 2023xtg (Type Ia, mag. 18.1) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 14 November 2023.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
South African Class 9E, Series 1
The South African Railways Class 9E, Series 1 of 1978 is an electric locomotive.

In 1978 and 1979, the South African Railways placed twenty-five 50 kV AC Class 9E, Series 1 electric locomotives with a Co-Co wheel arrangement in service on the Sishen-Saldanha iron ore export line.

Gondola (rail)
In North American railroad terminology, a gondola car or gondola is typically an open-topped railroad car used for transporting loose bulk materials, although general freight was also carried in the pre-container era. Because of their low side walls, gondola cars are also suitable for the carriage of such high-density cargos as steel plates or coils, or of bulky items such as prefabricated sections of rail track. Gondola cars are distinct from hopper cars in that they do not have doors on their floor to empty cargo.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile. Some of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitutions are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic sulfonation, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.

Pyrrole
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., N-methylpyrrole, C4H4NCH3. Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme.

Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrinogens and products derived therefrom, including porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and chlorophylls.
Vazif Meylanov
Vazif Sirazhutdinovich Meylanov (Russian: Вази́ф Сиражутди́нович Мейла́нов, 15 May 1940 – 11 January 2015) was a Soviet mathematician, social philosopher, writer, Soviet dissident, and political prisoner (1980–1989). He became renowned for his critical works on the theory of socialism, as well as for his singular endurance and uncompromising attitude towards authorities during his prison terms.

After his imprisonment and exile, Meylanov focused on the issue of personal freedom, examined social and political environments, dispelled stereotypes about Russian democracy, and analyzed the political consciousness of Russian society. Additionally, he was an opponent of nationalism and Islamism, advocating for the idea that human rights should be the foundation of human relationships and that a strong state apparatus should enforce these rights.

Ivan Bunin
Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin (/ˈbuːniːn/ BOO-neen or /ˈbuːnɪn/ BOO-nin; Russian: Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин, IPA: [ɪˈvan ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ ˈbunʲɪn] ⓘ; 22 October [O.S. 10 October] 1870 – 8 November 1953) was the first Russian writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1933.  He was noted for the strict artistry with which he carried on the classical Russian traditions in the writing of prose and poetry. The texture of his poems and stories, sometimes referred to as "Bunin brocade", is considered to be one of the richest in the language.

Best known for his short novels The Village (1910) and Dry Valley (1912), autobiographical novel The Life of Arseniev (1933, 1939), short stories collection Dark Avenues (1946) and 1917–1918 diary Cursed Days (1926), Bunin was a revered figure among white emigres, European critics, and many of his fellow writers, who viewed him as a true heir to the tradition of realism in Russian literature established by Tolstoy and Chekhov.
Barauni - Mokama Section
The Barauni–Mokama section connects Mokama Junction and Barauni Junction in the Indian state of Bihar.

The Howrah–Delhi main line on the southern side of the Ganges was opened to through traffic in 1866 and the railway lines on the northern side of the Ganges also came up in the subsequent years of the nineteenth century. The lines could only be connected with the construction of 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) long Rajendra Setu in 1959.

The 3.19-kilometre (1.98 mi)-long Munger Ganga Bridge, 55 km downstream of the Rajendra Setu, links Jamalpur station on the Sahibganj loop line of Eastern Railway to the Barauni–Katihar section of East Central Railway.

The 4.56-kilometre (2.83 mi) long Digha–Sonpur Bridge located near Patna, link to Sonpur.

Kiul–Khana Loop Line
The Kiul—Khana Loop Line is a railway line connecting Kiul Junction  and Khana Junction. Originally a part of the Howrah–Delhi main line, it was opened to traffic in 1866. With the construction of a shorter railway line for a part of the route, the 403.8 kilometres (250.9 mi) stretch was assigned a separate identity.
Nepenthes (sculpture)
Nepenthes is a series of four sculptures by artist Dan Corson, installed in 2013 along Northwest Davis Street in the Old Town Chinatown neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, in the United States. The work was inspired by the genus of carnivorous plants of the same name, known as tropical pitcher plants. The sculptures are 17 feet (5.2 m) tall and glow in the dark due to photovoltaics.

Old Town Chinatown
Old Town Chinatown is the official Chinatown of the northwest section of Portland, Oregon, United States. The Willamette River forms its eastern boundary, separating it from the Lloyd District and the Kerns and Buckman neighborhoods. It includes the Portland Skidmore/Old Town Historic District and the Portland New Chinatown/Japantown Historic District, which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has been referred to as the "skid row" of Portland.
Hekim Island
Hekim Island (a.k.a. Kilise Island) is an Aegean island of Turkey. It is in the gulf of İzmir and a part of Urla ilçe (district) of İzmir Province at 38°26′41″N 26°45′56″E﻿ / ﻿38.44472°N 26.76556°E﻿ / 38.44472; 26.76556. It is the second largest of the islands in the gulf (collectively known as Urla Islands) with 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi) area. The nearest point on the main land to the west is 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) distant. Presently the visits to island are not allowed.

Scholars tentatively identify Hekim Island with the island anciently known as Pele (Ancient Greek: Πήλη), which was opposite to Clazomenae and was noted by numerous ancient authors including Thucydides, Pliny the Elder, and Stephanus of Byzantium.
During the Peloponnesian War after an unsuccessful attack in Clazomenae, some of the ships in the Astyochus fleet were put at the Marathusa, Pele and Drimyssa islands which lie over against Clazomenae.

Klazomenai
Klazomenai (Ancient Greek: Κλαζομεναί) or Clazomenae  was one of the 12 cities of ancient Ionia (the others being Chios, Samos, Phocaea, Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, Ephesus, Priene, Myus, and Miletus). It is located at the south coast of Smyrna Gulf, Ionia, and a member of the Ionian League. It was one of the first cities to issue silver coinage. Its ruins are now located in the modern town Urla near İzmir in İzmir Province, Turkey.
Stacey Harmer
Stacey Harmer is a chronobiologist whose work centers on the study of circadian rhythms in plants. Her research focuses on the molecular workings of the plant circadian clock and its influences on plant behaviors and physiology. She is a professor in the Department of Plant Biology at the University of California, Davis.

Transcription translation feedback loop
Transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) is a cellular model for explaining circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. Widely conserved across species, the TTFL is auto-regulatory, in which transcription of clock genes is regulated by their own protein products.
Dickson Wamwiri
P. Dickson Wamwiri Wanjiku (24 December 1984 – 6 September 2020) was a Kenyan taekwondo practitioner. Wamwiri qualified for the men's 58 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, after winning the championship title from the African Qualification Tournament in Tripoli, Libya. He lost his preliminary match to defending world and Olympic champion Chu Mu-yen of Chinese Taipei, with a final score of 0–7.

Chu Mu-yen
Chu Mu-yen (Chinese: 朱木炎; pinyin: Zhū Mùyán; born 14 March 1982) is a Taiwanese Taekwondo athlete from Taiwan.  He is the second Taiwanese athlete and the first male to win a gold medal at the Olympics, winning in men's under 58-kilogram class in Taekwondo at the Athens 2004 Games. In the 2008 Olympics, Chu won the bronze medal in the men's under 58-kilogram class in Taekwondo.
He also won the gold medal in the 2003 World Taekwondo Championships.
Toy theater
Toy theater, also called paper theater and model theater (also spelt theatre, see spelling differences), is a form of miniature theater dating back to the early 19th century in Europe. Toy theaters were often printed on paperboard sheets and sold as kits at the concession stand of an opera house, playhouse, or vaudeville theater. Toy theatres were assembled at home and performed for family members and guests, sometimes with live musical accompaniment. Toy theatre saw a drastic decline in popularity with a shift towards realism on the European stage in the late 19th century, and again with the arrival of television after World War II. Toy theatre has seen a resurgence in recent years among many puppeteers, authors and filmmakers and there are numerous international toy theatre festivals throughout the Americas and Europe.

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (Italian: [fiˈlippo tomˈmaːzo mariˈnetti]; 22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye de Créteil between 1907 and 1908. Marinetti is best known as the author of the Manifesto of Futurism, which was written and published in 1909, and as a co-author of the Fascist Manifesto, in 1919.
Drupeggio
Drupeggio (also known as Canaiolo bianco) is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Central Italy wine regions of Tuscany and Orvieto. The grape is often confused for the white Tuscan variety Vernaccia di San Gimignano, which is also known under the synonym Canaiolo bianco and may be counted as one and the same in field blends.

Drupeggio is a permitted variety in several Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)s including Orvieto in Umbria where it is usually blended with Trebbiano, Verdello, Grechetto and Malvasia Toscana and in the red and rosé wines of Barco Reale di Carmignano where it can blended with Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon. It is also a permitted variety for use in Vin Santo production but the grape's limited ability to raisin sufficiently for use in straw wine production makes its appearance in these Italian dessert wines very rare.

Verdello (grape)
Verdello is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown mostly in the Umbria region of central Italy where it plays a minor role as a blending grape in several Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) wines, including Orvieto. Despite similarities in their names, the Italian Verdello grape has no close genetic relationship with the Portuguese wine grape Verdelho that is grown on the islands of Madeira and Azores. However, like the Portuguese grape, Verdello's name likely comes from the dark green color of its berries before veraison.
Quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization
Quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimisation (QPBO) is a combinatorial optimization method for minimizing quadratic pseudo-Boolean functions in the form

in the binary variables , with . If  is submodular then QPBO produces a global optimum equivalently to graph cut optimization, while if  contains non-submodular terms then the algorithm produces a partial solution with specific optimality properties, in both cases in polynomial time.

QPBO is a useful tool for inference on Markov random fields and conditional random fields, and has applications in computer vision problems such as image segmentation and stereo matching.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Acanthopelma beccarii
Acanthopelma beccarii is a species of spider belonging to the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). It is endemic to Guyana in northern South America.

While there are specimens held in captivity, it is not a very popular species in this regard.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.