hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brushing (e-commerce)
In e-commerce, brushing, also called "review brushing", is a deceitful technique sometimes used to boost a seller's ratings by creating fake orders, which are either shipped to an accomplice or to an unsuspecting member of the public.

Most e-commerce sites rate sellers by multiple criteria and display these seller ratings to customers. Since a good rating can boost sales, these ratings are very important to sellers. The number of items shipped is usually an important factor in that rating, as is the star rating given by the person who placed the order (irrespective of who received the item, or whether the parcel that was sent to them even contained it).

Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to measures aimed at preventing the introduction or spread of harmful organisms (e.g. viruses, bacteria, plants, animals etc.) intentionally or unintentionally outside their native range or within new environments. In agriculture, these measures are aimed at protecting food crops and livestock from pests, invasive species, and other organisms not conducive to the welfare of the human population. The term includes biological threats to people, including those from pandemic diseases and bioterrorism. The definition has sometimes been broadened to embrace other concepts, and it is used for different purposes in different contexts.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a threat for which biosecurity measures have been needed in all countries of the world.
Ethiopia–Somalia relations
Ethiopia–Somalia relations (Somali: Xiriirka Itoobiya-Soomaaliya) are bilateral relations between Ethiopia and Somalia. These relations are characterized by the land border shared by the two countries and a number of military conflicts in past years.

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (Somali: Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud; Arabic: حسن شيخ محمود, romanized: Ḥasan Shaykh Muḥamūd; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician serving as the president of Somalia since 15 May 2022. He previously held the office from 2012 to 2017.

Hassan was previously a university professor and dean at SIMAD University, which he co-founded. During 2012 he was elected President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Time magazine placed him on an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013. During 2014 he controversially welcomed the entry of Ethiopian troops into the African Union mission in the wake of the 2006 invasion. His first administration faced serious criticism for rampant corruption, media restrictions and abuse of power.

After losing power in 2017, he became the founder and current chairman of the Union for Peace and Development Party. He was indirectly elected as President of the Federal Republic of Somalia on 15 May 2022.
ATI HPSS
In civil defense sirens, the ATI High-Power Speaker Station (HPSS), by American Signal Corporation (ASC) known as the ASC E-Class, is an electronic outdoor warning siren manufactured by Acoustic Technology, Inc (ATI) that is used to alert citizens of air raids, and natural disasters.

American Signal Corporation
American Signal Corporation (ASC) is an outdoor warning siren and mass notification company in the United States.  ASC was founded in 1873 as Biersach and Niedermeyer (B&N). After performing poorly, the company reformed as Alerting Communicators of America (ACA) in 1968, and expanded the line of warning systems they produced. In 1992, ACA went bankrupt and was bought and reformed as the American Signal Corporation.
Morolo
Morolo (locally Murolu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Rome and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Frosinone.

Morolo borders the following municipalities: Ferentino, Gorga, Sgurgola, Supino.

Ferentino
Ferentino is a town and comune in Italy, in the province of Frosinone, Lazio, 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Rome.
It is situated on a hill 400 metres (1,312 feet) above sea level, in the Monti Ernici area.
Relebactam
Relebactam is a chemical compound used in combination with antibiotics to improve their efficacy.  As a beta-lactamase inhibitor, it blocks the ability of bacteria to break down a beta-lactam antibiotic.  In the United States, relebactam is approved for use in the combination imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (Recarbrio by Merck).

Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, sold under the brand name Recarbrio(Merck), is a fixed-dose combination medication used as an antibiotic.  In 2019, it was approved for use in the United States for the treatment of complicated urinary tract and complicated intra-abdominal infections. It is administered via intravenous injection.

The most common adverse reactions include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever and increased liver enzymes.

The most common adverse reactions observed in people treated for hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) include increased aspartate/alanine aminotransferases (increased liver enzymes), anemia, diarrhea, hypokalemia (low potassium), and hyponatremia (low sodium).
2023 GT Cup Championship
The 2023 GT Cup Championship is the 17th GT Cup Championship, a British sports car championship. The season began on 1 April at Donington Park and ended on 8 October at Snetterton Circuit, after twenty-six races held over seven meetings.

GT Cup Championship
The GT Cup Championship is a sports car racing series based in the United Kingdom. It was founded by Marc Haynes in 2007. The championship supported the short-lived British LMP3 Cup in 2017, following the series to Spa-Francorchamps where it participated alongside the field of prototypes. It supported the 2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup at Brands Hatch on 1–2 May. GT Cup Championship events consist of 1 free practice session, 1 qualifying session and 2 races per day; the first being a 25-minute sprint and the second being a 50-minute endurance race with driver changes.
WUVR
WUVR (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to Lebanon, New Hampshire, serving the Lebanon-Hanover-White River Junction area. It broadcasts a news/talk format and is owned by Robert and John Landry, through licensee Sugar River Media, LLC.

Lebanon, New Hampshire
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən) is the only city in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,282 at the 2020 census, up from 13,151 at the 2010 census. Lebanon is in western New Hampshire, south of Hanover, near the Connecticut River. It is the home to Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College's Geisel School of Medicine, together comprising the largest medical facility between Boston, Massachusetts, and Burlington, Vermont.

Lebanon is a core city of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area, comprising four counties in the upper Connecticut River valley, two in New Hampshire and two in Vermont.
Angel Bogdanovich
Angel Ivanovich Bogdanovich (Russian: А́нгел Ива́нович Богдано́вич, October 14 [O.S. October 2] 1860 – April 6 [O.S. March 24] 1907) was a Russian literary critic, publicist and social activist, originally a narodnik, later an active member of the Legal Marxists' political group.

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.
17th federal electoral district of Jalisco
The 17th federal electoral district of Jalisco (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 17 de Jalisco) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 20 such districts in the state of Jalisco.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

Suspended in 1930,
the 17th district was re-established as part of the 1977 electoral reforms. The restored district returned its first deputy in the 1979 mid-term election.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Antonio de Jesús Ramírez Ramos of the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Alfredo de la Fé
Alfredo Manuel de la Fe Díaz (born February 6, 1954) is a Cuban-born and New York–based violinist who lived in Colombia for more than 16 years and is responsible for adapting the violin to Colombian traditional dance music creating  innovative Salsa and Latin American music. The first solo violinist to perform with a Salsa orchestra, De la Fe has toured the world more than thirty times, appearing in concert and participating in over 100 albums by top Latin artists, including Eddie Palmieri, Tito Puente, Celia Cruz, José Alberto "El Canario", Cheo Feliciano, The Fania All-Stars, Santana and Larry Harlow. His second solo album entitled Alfredo released in 1979 was a Grammy nominee for "Best Latin album".

A child prodigy, Alfredo's father who was a singer (a tenor of opera) in Havana, Cuba and sang on Cuban radio with Bienvenido León and Celia Cruz in the 1940s recognized his son's skills and encouraged his musical talent.

Larry Harlow (musician)
Larry Harlow (born Lawrence Ira Kahn; March 20, 1939 – August 20, 2021) was an American salsa music pianist, performer, composer, band leader and producer. He was born into a musical American family of Jewish descent.
Micropterix aureopennella
Micropterix aureopennella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by John Heath in 1986, and is known from Algeria.

The wingspan is about 74 millimetres (2.9 in).

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.
Zed Chebib
Zed Chebib (Born Ziad Khoder Chebib, 1955) is a Lebanese-born Canadian limousine driver and police reform advocate who is most known for being deported from Australia despite having resided in the country with his family for over a decade. He was a candidate in the 2022 Ottawa mayoral election, finishing in last place with 0.08% or 264 votes.

Criminal justice reform
Criminal justice reform is the reform of criminal justice systems. 
Stated reasons for criminal justice reform include reducing crime statistics, racial profiling, police brutality, overcriminalization, mass incarceration, under-reporting, and recidivism or improving Victims' rights, Prisoners' rights and crime prevention. Criminal justice reform can take place at any point where the criminal justice system intervenes in citizens’ lives, including lawmaking, policing, and sentencing.
PK (musician)
PK (born on 3 July 1989 as Joosep Vau) is an Estonian musician and the founder of the "Parema Elu Nimel" movement, which advocates the right to spiritual freedom without prejudice regardless of personal status or interests. In addition to a 20-year career as a rapper  and a singer, he is also a DJ and the founder of the rave series "Serious Frog Business".

Rap rock
Rap rock is a music genre that developed from the early to mid-1980s, when hip hop DJs incorporated rock records into their routines and rappers began incorporating original and sampled rock instrumentation into hip hop music. Rap rock is considered to be rock music in which lyrics are rapped, rather than sung. The genre achieved its greatest success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Kim Kianna Dy
Kim Kianna Mababa Dy (born July 26, 1995) is a Filipino professional volleyball player. She currently plays as an opposite hitter for the PLDT High Speed Hitters of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL) and represents the Philippines in international competitions.

2017 Philippine Super Liga Grand Prix
The 2017 Philippine Super Liga Grand Prix (also known as the 2017 Chooks-to-Go Philippine Super Liga Grand Prix due to sponsorship reasons) was the 12th indoor volleyball conference of the Philippine Super Liga, the fourth and final conference of the 2017 season, and the 15th conference overall. The games began on October 21, 2017, with the formal opening ceremony on October 28, 2017, at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan.
Quebec Route 207
Route 207 is a provincial highway located in the Montérégie region of Quebec. The highway starts at the junction of Route 205 in Saint-Urbain-Premier and ends northeast at the junctions of Route 132 and Route 138 just south of the Mercier Bridge at the Kahnawake Mohawk Reserve, southwest of the island of Montreal.

Quebec Route 205
Route 205 is a two-lane north/south highway on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada. Its northern terminus is in Beauharnois at the junction of Route 132 and the southern terminus is at the junction of Route 219, in Hemmingford Township.
Human rights abuses in Kashmir
Human rights abuses in Kashmir have been perpetrated by various belligerents in the territories controlled by both India and Pakistan since the two countries' conflict over the region began with their first war in 1947–1948, shortly after the partition of British India. The organized breaches of fundamental human rights in Kashmir are tied to the contested territorial status of the region, over which India and Pakistan have fought multiple wars. More specifically, the issue pertains to abuses committed in Indian-administered Kashmir (comprising the territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh) and in Pakistani-administered Kashmir (comprising the territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan).

Kashmiri Pandits
The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins) are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. They belong to the Pancha Gauda Brahmin group from the Kashmir Valley, located within the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during medieval times. Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. Even so, small numbers remain.
Rho1 Sagittarii
Rho1 Sagittarii, Latinized from ρ1 Sagittarii, is a single, variable star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It has a white hue and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 3.93. The distance to this star is approximately 127 light years based on parallax, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +1.2 km/s. It is positioned near the ecliptic and so it can be occulted by the Moon.

This object has a stellar classification of A9IV, matching a subgiant star that is evolving away from the main sequence. It is a low amplitude Delta Scuti variable, ranging from 3.94 to 3.90 magnitude with a period of 0.05 days. The star is 893 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 68 km/s. It has 1.9 times the mass of the Sun and 3.3 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 31 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,469 K.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Chris Gero
Chris Gero is a Grammy nominated American music industry executive, concert producer, record producer, songwriter, film director and composer, founder of the Yamaha Entertainment Group of America, and Chief Artist Relations Executive for Yamaha Artist Relations Group. He is responsible for the management and branding of Yamaha's global roster, having signed more than 3,600 artists to contract to date. Gero oversees Yamaha's artist collaborations, including Elton John, Alicia Keys, Paul McCartney, Norah Jones, Josh Groban, Sarah McLachlan, Sheryl Crow, John Legend, and Ben Folds.

Upon its founding by Gero in 2012, Yamaha Entertainment Group is the succession of Yamaha Corporate Artist Affairs, which Gero also founded in 2001.

Jon McLaughlin (musician)
Jonathan McLaughlin (born September 27, 1982) is an American pop rock singer-songwriter, record producer and pianist from Anderson, Indiana. His debut album Indiana was released on May 1, 2007, preceded by his first EP Industry, also known as Jon McL, in February 2007. His most successful song is the 2008 single "Beating My Heart", from his second album OK Now.
Westmorland and Lonsdale
Westmorland and Lonsdale is a constituency in the south of Cumbria, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Tim Farron, the former leader of the Liberal Democrats (2015–2017).

Westmorland and Lonsdale is the Liberal Democrats' longest continuously held seat in England, as the only English seat they have won in every election since 2005.

South Lakeland
54°18′43″N 2°52′48″W﻿ / ﻿54.312°N 2.880°W﻿ / 54.312; -2.880

South Lakeland was a local government district in Cumbria, England, from 1974 to 2023. Its council was based in Kendal. The district covered the southern part of the Lake District region, as well as northwestern parts of the Yorkshire Dales. At the 2011 Census, the population of the district was 103,658, an increase from 102,301 at the 2001 Census.

The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It was formed from the Kendal borough, Windermere urban district, most of Lakes urban district, South Westmorland Rural District, from Westmorland, Grange and Ulverston urban districts and North Lonsdale Rural District from Lancashire, and Sedbergh Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire.

In April 2023, Cumbria was reorganised into two unitary authorities. South Lakeland District Council was abolished and its functions were transferred to the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority.
Minnesota State Highway 238
Minnesota State Highway 238 (MN 238) is a 34.709-mile-long (55.859 km) highway in central Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with Interstate 94 and Stearns County State-Aid Highway 10 in Albany and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with State Highways 27 / 28 near Little Falls.

Interstate 94 in Minnesota
Interstate 94 (I-94) in the US state of Minnesota runs 259 miles (417 km) east–west through the central portion of the state. The highway connects the cities of Moorhead, Fergus Falls, Alexandria, Sauk Centre, St. Cloud, Monticello, Minneapolis, and Saint Paul. Authorized in 1956, it was mostly constructed in the 1960s. For its whole length, it runs concurrently with either US Highway 52 (US 52) or US 12.
Berikon
Berikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

The village lies on a hill above and to the east of the Reuss Valley, covering part of the Mutschellen Pass. This municipality is bounded by Rudolfstetten-Friedlisberg, Widen, Zufikon, and Oberwil-Lieli, all in canton Aargau, and shares a boundary with the canton of Zürich (district of Dietikon) to the east.

Wohlen–Dietikon railway line
The Wohlen–Dietikon railway line is a railway line in Switzerland. It connects Wohlen and Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau with Dietikon in the canton of Zürich. Passenger service on the line now forms part of the Zürich S-Bahn, branded as the S17, and a frequent service is provided, with trains running up to every 15 minutes.

The line was opened in stages by the Bremgarten-Dietikon-Bahn between 1876 and 1912. Whilst the earliest section to be opened, between Wohlen and Bremgarten, was built as a traditional standard gauge branch line, the later section between Bremgarten and Dietikon was built as rural electric tramway in metre gauge. Whilst much of the line has been upgraded, this is still apparent in the long stretches of roadside track, and stretches of street running in Dietikon.

Today the line is owned and operated by Aargau Verkehr AG (AVA), a company that operates other rail and bus services in the region.
Sustainable Experience Architecture
The Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA; Chinese: 浩瀚; pinyin: Hàohàn) platform is a modular electric vehicle platform developed by Zeekr Technology Europe (previously China Euro Vehicle Technology), a company based in Gothenburg, Sweden within Geely Automobile Holdings group of companies. The platform is used in Geely Holding portfolio brands along with the Smart joint venture with Mercedes-Benz Group.

Geely refers the SEA platform as "open-source," meaning the manufacturer is open to supply the platform to other automakers. Geely Holding has claimed it has entered into preliminary discussions with other manufacturers about potential use of the SEA platform.

Lotus Eletre
The Lotus Eletre is a battery electric mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by the British sports car manufacturer Lotus Cars. It was revealed on 29 March 2022 as the company's first production SUV and its first vehicle produced in China.