hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Index of Japan-related articles (K)
This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter K. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T"). Please also ignore particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") when listing articles (i.e., "A City with No People" should be listed under "City").

Saga Prefecture
Saga Prefecture (佐賀県, Saga-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.ɡa, -ŋa, sa.ɡaꜜ.keɴ, -ŋaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. Saga Prefecture has a population of roughly 780,000 and has a geographic area of 2,439 square kilometres (942 sq mi). Saga Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the northeast and Nagasaki Prefecture to the southwest.

Saga is the capital and largest city of Saga Prefecture, with other major cities including Karatsu, Tosu, and Imari. Saga Prefecture is located in the northwest of Kyūshū covering an isthmus-like area extending between the Sea of Japan and the Ariake Sea. Saga Prefecture's western region is known for the production of ceramics and porcelain, particularly in the towns of Karatsu, Imari, and Arita.
Nuaman
Nuaman or Khallet an Nu'man (Arabic: النعمان, meaning "Grace"), also written al-Numan/an-Nu'man, is a small village located just north of Beit Sahour in the Palestinian Governorate of Bethlehem. The Israeli government incorporated its territory within Jerusalem after the Israeli occupation of the West Bank in the 1967 Six-Day War. The village is regarded as neither part of the West Bank, nor part of Jerusalem. A United Nations report has described the villagers as "living in limbo." In terms of local government it is treated together with the neighbouring village Al-Khas, to the west, as one unit. The village had a population of 112 in 2017. Settled by families from the at-Ta'mira Bedouin tribe, it is part of the 'Arab al-Ta'mira village cluster, along with Za'atara, Beit Ta'mir, Hindaza, Tuqu', Khirbet ad-Deir (today part of Tuqu'), Ubeidiya and al-Asakra.

Bethlehem Governorate
The Bethlehem Governorate (Arabic: محافظة بيت لحم, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Bayt Laḥm) is one of 16 governorates of Palestine. It covers an area of the West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Its principal city and district capital is Bethlehem. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, its population was estimated to 199,463 in 2012.
Old Indian Defense
The Old Indian Defense is a chess opening defined by the moves:

1. d4 Nf6

2. c4 d6

This opening is distinguished from the King's Indian Defense in that Black develops their king's bishop on e7 rather than by fianchetto on g7. Mikhail Chigorin pioneered this defense late in his career.

The Old Indian is considered sound, though developing the bishop at e7 is less active than the fianchetto, and it has never attained the popularity of the King's Indian. Some King's Indian players will use the Old Indian to avoid certain anti-King's Indian systems, such as the Sämisch and Averbakh Variations.

The opening is classified in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings with the codes A53–A55.

King's Indian Defence, Sämisch Variation
The Sämisch Variation of the King's Indian Defence is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. d4 Nf6

2. c4 g6

3. Nc3 Bg7

4. e4 d6

5. f3

The Sämisch is a subtle blockading system and a critical challenge to the King's Indian. It is named after the German grandmaster Friedrich Sämisch. The Sämisch has been played by numerous grandmasters, including world champions Mikhail Botvinnik, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov, and Garry Kasparov.

Bobby Fischer had trouble against the Sämisch. Mednis' How to Beat Bobby Fischer showed that five of Fischer's losses were against the Sämisch King's Indian, and remarked that Fischer eventually avoided the King's Indian if he believed he would face the Sämisch; however, Fischer faced the Sämisch five times against Spassky in their 1992 rematch—winning two, drawing two, and losing one.

In the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings, the Sämisch Variation is covered in chapters E80 to E89.
Attic base
Attic base is the term given in architecture to the base of Roman Ionic order columns, consisting of an upper and lower torus, separated by a scotia (hollow concave molding) and fillets.

It was the favorite of the Romans, and was also employed by them for columns of the Corinthian and Composite orders. The style can be seen in Byzantine architecture as well; in the Romanesque period a great number of antique Roman columns were salvaged and reused in the interiors and on the porticos of churches, often incorporating the Attic base.

Annulet (architecture)
In architecture, an annulet is a small square component in the capital of Doric columns, under the quarter-round. It is also called a fillet or listel, although fillet and listel are also more general terms for a narrow band or strip, such as the ridge between flutes.

An annulet is also a narrow flat architectural moulding, common in other parts of a column, viz. the bases,  as well as the capital. It is so called, because it encompasses the column round. In this sense, annulet is frequently used for baguette or little astragal.

Carved wood annulet
Suwannee terrane
The Suwannee terrane, sometimes called the Tallahassee-Suwannee terrane, is a terrane, a block of continental crust, that originated on the edge of Gondwana, and now forms much of the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern United States, underlying much of Florida and portions of Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina, and the continental shelf along those states as far as Cape Lookout in North Carolina. The smaller Charleston terrane has been fused to the Suwannee terrane since they collided late in the Neoproterozoic era, about 550 millions years ago, and has shared its history since then.

Terrane
In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/; in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.
Permeation
In physics and engineering, permeation (also called imbuing) is the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid. It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability, and the materials' mass diffusivity. Permeation is modeled by equations such as Fick's laws of diffusion, and can be measured using tools such as a minipermeameter.

Sieverts's law
In physical metallurgy and chemistry, Sieverts's law predicts the solubility of gases in metals. It is named after German chemist Adolf Sieverts (1874–1947).  The law states that the solubility of a diatomic gas in metal is proportional to the square root of the partial pressure of the gas in thermodynamic equilibrium. Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are examples of dissolved diatomic gases of frequent interest in metallurgy.
National Grants Management Association
The National Grants Management Association (NGMA) is an American professional association dedicated to grants management and training. Founded in 1978, NGMA has over 5,000 members with chapters throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. The association provides grants management training and professional certification. The NGMA is not a grant-making organization and does not award grants.

Grant (money)
A grant is a fund given by a person or organization, often a public body, charitable foundation, a specialised grant-making institution, or in some cases a business with a corporate social responsibility mission, to an individual or another entity, usually, a non-profit organisation, sometimes a business or a local government body, for a specific purpose linked to public benefit. A funding agreement is often used to reflect the funding and funded parties' understanding of the purpose for which the grant has been given. Unlike loans, grants are not intended to be paid back. Examples include student grants, research grants, the Sovereign Grant paid by the UK Treasury to the monarch, and some European Regional Development Fund payments in the European Union.
Ochlandra
Ochlandra is a genus of Indian bamboo in the grass family). The flowers have up to 150 stamens in each flower.

The species are endemic to the Western Ghats (India), except for one species from Sri Lanka.

Species

Formerly included

see Cathariostachys Nastus Schizostachyum Valiha

Ochlandra capitata - Cathariostachys capitata

Ochlandra elegantissima - Nastus elegantissimus

Ochlandra perrieri - Valiha perrieri

Ochlandra ridleyi - Schizostachyum latifolium

Valiha (plant)
Valiha is a bamboo genus in the tribe Bambuseae found in Madagascar. The genus is named after a musical instrument, the valiha, which was formerly constructed from the culms of this plant. It may have come from Proto-Austronesian *balija or *baliga referring to Dendrocalamus strictus used to make cutting blades and beaters due to its hard properties – the beater tool also called a belira or balila in many related Austronesian languages – later transferred to newly discovered Malagasy bamboos.
Alastair Ogilvy
Squadron Leader Charles Alexander "Alistair" Ogilvy (30 November 1915 – 23 February 1995) was a British Royal Air Force officer who flew with Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain. Due to records lost during World War II, he was not recognised as one of The Few until after his death.

1939–1945 Star
The 1939–1945 Star is a military campaign medal instituted by the United Kingdom on 8 July 1943 for award to British and Commonwealth forces for service in the Second World War. Two clasps were instituted to be worn on the medal ribbon: Battle of Britain and Bomber Command.
1998–99 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team
The 1998–1999 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1998–1999 NCAA Division I basketball season. Coached by Jim Calhoun, the Huskies played their home games at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut, and on campus at the Harry A. Gampel Pavilion in Storrs, Connecticut, and were a member of the Big East Conference.  They won their fourth Big East tournament with a victory over St. John's 82–63.

In the 1999 NCAA Tournament the Huskies were invited as a #1 seed. With wins over Texas–San Antonio, New Mexico, Iowa and Gonzaga, UConn finally advanced to the Final Four. On March 29, 1999, they claimed their first national championship by defeating Duke 77–74.

1998–99 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball team
The 1998–99 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Mike Jarvis in his first year at the school after replacing head coach Fran Fraschilla. St. John's home games are played at Alumni Hall and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Big East Conference.
VP-7
VP-7 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Bombing Squadron 119 (VB-119) on 15 August 1944, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 119 (VPB-119) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 119 (VP-119) on 15 May 1946, redesignated Heavy Patrol Squadron (Landplane) 9 (VP-HL-9) on 15 November 1946, redesignated Medium Patrol Squadron (Landplane) 7 (VP-ML-7) on 25 June 1947, redesignated Patrol Squadron 7 (VP-7) on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 8 October 1969. It was the second squadron to be designated VP-7, the first VP-7 was redesignated VP-11 on 1 July 1939.

VP-21
VP-21 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 7-B (VP-7B) on 23 July 1929, redesignated Patrol Squadron 7-F (VP-7F) on 1 July 1931, redesignated Patrol Squadron 7 (VP-7) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 11 (VP-11) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 21 (VP-21) on 1 February 1941 and disestablished on 18 April 1942, with the squadron assets merged with VP-101. It was the third squadron to be designated VP-21, the first VP-21 was redesignated VP-45 on 1 July 1939 and the second VP-21 was redesignated VP-1 on 30 July 1940.
De Worsten van Babel
De Worsten van Babel ("The Sausages of Babel") are a Dutch trio (chef Hugo Kennis and actor brothers Jasper & Marius Gottlieb) who present a series of television programmes involving travel and food for 24Kitchen, as well an in-person show. They have also written cookbooks together. Their first collaboration featured a sausage with three courses and an espresso coffee as a filling.

SpangaS
SpangaS (also known as SpangaS: De Campus) was a Dutch youth series, created by Anya Koek for the NCRV.

The television series revolved around the lives of a group of students at Spangalis College. Episodes revolved around a wide range of student activities and personal drama during secondary education. The program was similar in format and subject matter to the Canadian series DeGrassi but with a more lighthearted feel aimed towards tweenagers and younger teens.

A SpangaS movie, SpangaS op Survival, premiered on September 30, 2009. The plot focuses on the students' trip to the Belgian Ardennes. A stand-alone sequel, SpangaS in Actie, was released in 2015.

A SpangaS theater show, SpangaS Live!, ran from April to June 2011.

In 2020, the school was replaced by "De Campus", where students slept during weekdays.

On March 14, 2022 it was announced that the series will be cancelled after a fifteen-year-run. The last episode was broadcast on April 28.
Battle of Toppenish Creek
The Battle of Toppenish Creek was the first engagement of the Yakima War in Washington. Fought on October 5, 1855, a company of American soldiers, under Major Granville O. Haller,  was attacked by a band of Yakamas, under Chief Kamiakin, and compelled to retreat. The battle occurred in Yakima Valley, 113 miles northwest of Fort Walla Walla, along Toppenish Creek and was a major victory for Native American forces.

Chief Kamiakin
Kamiakin (c. 1800–1877) (Yakama) was a leader of the Yakama, Palouse, and Klickitat peoples east of the Cascade Mountains in what is now southeastern Washington state. In 1855, he was disturbed by threats of the Territorial Governor, Isaac Stevens, against the tribes of the Columbia Plateau. After being forced to sign a treaty of land cessions, Kamiakin organized alliances with 14 other tribes and leaders, and led the Yakima War of 1855–1858.

Finally defeated, Kamiakin escaped to British Columbia and Montana. He returned to his traditional homeland in 1860. He moved to his father's former territory at Rock Lake in Whitman County, Washington in 1864, where he lived until his death.
A. E. Gerard
Alfred Edward Gerard (11 August 1877 – 13 October 1950), generally known as A. E. Gerard, was an Australian electrician and businessman who founded the Adelaide companies, Gerard & Goodman and Clipsal.

Prospect, South Australia
Prospect is the seat of the City of Prospect and an inner northern suburb of greater Adelaide, South Australia. It is located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Adelaide's centre.

Surrounding suburbs include Kilburn, Fitzroy, Medindie and Devon Park. The suburb has boundaries of Main North Road to the east; Carter Street, Audley Avenue and Avenue Road to the south; The Gawler railway line to the west, and a line 400m north of Regency Road (Livingstone Avenue, Angwin Avenue and Henrietta Street) to the north.

Prospect comprises a large majority of the land area (about five-sevenths, or 71%) of the City of Prospect council area.
Ilsenburg Abbey
Ilsenburg Abbey (German: Kloster Ilsenburg) was a monastery of the Benedictine Order located at Ilsenburg near Wernigerode, in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. The former abbey is a stop on the Romanesque Road.

Romanesque Road
The Romanesque Road (German: Straße der Romanik) is a scenic route in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt in central-east Germany. It is part of the Transromanica network, a major European Cultural Route since 2006.
Datsun sidevalve engine
Nissan's sidevalve engines were internal combustion automotive engines used in a variety of vehicles. They were based on the Austin 7 engine, with which they shared the 76 mm (2.99 in) stroke. The series began with a 495 cc iteration for the 1930 Datson Type 10 and ended with the 860 cc Type 10 engine that was used until 1964 for light commercial vehicles. Later versions were called the B-1. It was replaced in 1957 by the OHV Nissan C engine that was essentially a de-stroked version of another Austin design, the BMC B-Series.

Datsun DS series
The Datsun DS series was introduced in 1950 as the replacement for the Datsun DA. It used Datsun's truck chassis, itself based on pre-war Datsun designs closely based on the Austin Seven. A more luxurious range with the same truck underpinnings, called the DB series, was sold in parallel. With Datsun's own manufacturing resources being limited, they built the chassis and outsourced the manufacture of the bodies: the sparser "Thrift" (DS) series received bodies built by Suminoe Manufacturing, while the ponton-bodied Deluxe models were bodied by Central Japan Heavy-Industries' Ryowa Body subsidiary (this company later became Shin-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries).
Petrčane
Petrčane  is a resort village located some 12 kilometres north of the town of Zadar, Croatia.

Petrčane, historically sometimes referred to as Petrčani, is a 900-year old village with a population of 601 as of 2011. It has a bay surrounded by two peninsulas – Punta Radman and Punta Skala. 
Today tourism is the main source of income for the local population who rent apartments, rooms and villas.
The historical towns Nin and Zadar are a located to the north and south of the village. It was first mentioned in 1070 and had been traditionally an agricultural and fishing settlement. Its inhabitants speak a distinct Croatian dialect.

Nin, Croatia
Nin (pronounced [nȋːn]; Italian: Nona, Latin: Aenona or Nona) is a town in the Zadar County of Croatia.

Nin was historically important as a centre of a medieval Christian Diocese of Nin. Nin was also the seat of the Princes of Dalmatia.
London Caledonians F.C.
London Caledonians F.C. was an amateur football club based in London, primarily for Scottish players. They were founder members of the Isthmian League, which they won in its inaugural season. They remained in the league until 1939 when the club folded.

London Senior Cup
The London Senior Cup is the County Senior Cup of the London FA.  The London Senior Cup was first won by Upton Park in 1882. Although the leading professional sides in London no longer compete, the Cup has been won in the past by the likes of Arsenal (as Royal Arsenal in 1891), Brentford, Wimbledon and Barnet. The current champions are Hanwell Town.
Francis Ashenhurst
Christianity portal

The Ven. Francis Ashenhurst (1729–1795) was Archdeacon of Derby from 1689 until 1704.

Ashenhurst was born in Staffordshire. He matriculated from St Mary Hall, Oxford and was ordained in 1661. He held livings at Wootton Wawen and Kingswinford.

Archdeacons in the Diocese of Derby
The three Archdeacons in the Diocese of Derby are senior ecclesiastical officers in the Church of England Diocese of Derby. Each archdeacon has responsibility for church buildings and clergy discipline in her/his respective archdeaconry.
Gazi Husrev-bey Museum
The Gazi Husrev-bey Museum (Bosnian: Muzej Gazi Husrev-bega; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Музеј Гази Хусрев-бега) is a cultural and historical museum located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Established in 2015, the museum is dedicated to preserving and showcasing the legacy of Gazi Husrev-beg (1480–1541), an Ottoman governor and benefactor of Sarajevo.

Gazi Husrev Bey's Library
The Gazi-Husrev-beg Library is a public library in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina founded in 1537 by the sanjakbey of Bosnia Gazi Husrev-beg during Ottoman rule, it is a part of the larger complex with the Gazi Husrev-beg Medresa. It holds one of the most important collections of Islamic manuscripts in Bosnia-Herzegovina, including many originally donated by Gazi Husrev-beg. The collection survived through Bosnian war and Siege of Sarajevo. The library also holds a sizable number of books, journals, newspapers, documents and photographs.

As part of the larger complex of Gazi Husrev-begova Medresa, the library facilities are part of the National Monument designation.
Moderne Leben-Jesu-Forschung unter dem Einflusse der Psychiatrie
Moderne Leben-Jesu-Forschung unter dem Einflusse der Psychiatrie (English: Modern Quest for the historical Jesus Under the Influence of Psychiatry) is a book published in 1908 by Philipp Kneib. In the years before the publication, several authors had brought up the notion that Jesus was not divine, but rather an influential mentally ill individual. Kneib tries to reject this idea in his book by discussing the general possibility of miracles and the resurrection of Jesus. He further deals with every argument for the notion that Jesus was mentally ill and brings up counterarguments. By upholding the believe that Jesus was sane, Kneib tries to reinforce the belief in Jesus' divinity.

Retrospective diagnosis
A retrospective diagnosis (also retrodiagnosis or posthumous diagnosis) is the practice of identifying an illness after the death of the patient (sometimes a historical figure) using modern knowledge, methods and disease classifications. Alternatively, it can be the more general attempt to give a modern name to an ancient and ill-defined scourge or plague.
Argura
Argura (Ancient Greek: Ἄργουρα), called Argissa (Ἄργισσα) in Homer's Iliad, was a town and polis (city-state) in Pelasgiotis in ancient Thessaly, on the Peneus, and near Larissa. The name of the town was also given as Argusa (Ἆργουσσα) in some ancient sources. The distance between this place and Larissa is so small as to explain the remark of the Scholiast on Apollonius of Rhodes, that the Argissa of Homer was the same as Larissa. The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World and The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites identify the site of Agura with a place called Gremnos Magoula, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of Larissa, which has a nearby tumulus.

Argissa Magoula
Argissa Magoula is a Neolithic settlement mound (tell) in Thessaly in Greece. It was excavated by Vladimir Milojčić from the University of Heidelberg in the 1950s. He claimed to have found evidence of an aceramic Neolithic, but this has been disputed.
Holger Badstuber
Holger Felix Badstuber (born 13 March 1989) is a German former professional footballer who primarily played as a centre-back.

Badstuber made his debut in the Bundesliga for Bayern Munich in the 2009–10 season at the age of 19. He played nearly every game that year and helped the club win the league and cup double and reached the UEFA Champions League final the same year, before eventually earning a call up to the Germany national team for the World Cup in 2010 and later the Euro 2012. He won over 30 caps for Germany. Former Bayern Munich coach Louis van Gaal stated in 2010 that Badstuber was the best left-footed defender in Germany.

Franz Beckenbauer Supercup
The Franz Beckenbauer Supercup or German Super Cup is an annual football match in Germany that features the winners of the Bundesliga championship and the DFB-Pokal. The competition is run by the Deutsche Fußball Liga (English: German Football League).