hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynasties of ancient Egypt
In ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are a series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods".

The 31 dynastic divisions come from the 3rd century BC Egyptian priest Manetho, whose history Aegyptiaca was probably written for a Greek-speaking Ptolemaic ruler but survives only in fragments and summaries. While widely used and useful, the system does have its shortcomings. Some dynasties only ruled part of Egypt and existed concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. Some dynasties like the Abydos Dynasty weren't counted; the 7th might not have existed at all, the 10th seems to be a continuation of the 9th, and there might have been one or several Egyptian dynasties before what is termed the 1st Dynasty.

First Dynasty of Egypt
The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, by Menes, or Narmer, and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis.

The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology. It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuries BC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates, the accession of Hor-Aha, the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den, the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within a broader window of 3104 to 2913.
Baniyas
Baniyas (Arabic: بَانِيَاس Bāniyās) is a Mediterranean coastal city in Tartus Governorate, western Syria, located 55 km (34 mi) south of Latakia and 35 km (22 mi) north of Tartus. Its ancient name was Balaneais, Balanaea or Balanea but it was also called Leucas or Leucas-Claudia.

It is known for its citrus fruit orchards and its export of wood. North of the city is an oil refinery, the largest in Syria, and a power station. The oil refinery is connected with Iraq by the Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline (defunct since the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq).

On a nearby hill stands the Crusader castle of Margat (Qalʻat al-Marqab), a huge Knights Hospitaller fortress built with black basalt stone.

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (also known as SOHR; Arabic: المرصد السوري لحقوق الإنسان), founded in May 2006, is a United Kingdom-based information office whose stated aim is to document human rights abuses in Syria; since 2011 it has focused on the Syrian civil war. It has been frequently quoted by major news outlets since the beginning of the war about daily numbers of deaths from all sides in the conflict and particularly civilians killed in airstrikes in Syria. The SOHR has been described as being anti-Assad and supporting the Syrian opposition, but has reported on war crimes committed by all sides of the conflict.
San Francisco 4th and King Street station
San Francisco 4th and King Street station (also known as the Caltrain Depot) is a train station in the SoMa district of San Francisco, California. It is the northern terminus of the Caltrain commuter rail line serving the San Francisco Peninsula and Santa Clara Valley. It is also served by Muni Metro; it is the eastern terminus of the N Judah and an intermediate stop on the T Third Street. The station is additionally the projected terminus for the first phase of the California High-Speed Rail project and a station once Phase 2 is completed.

South of Market, San Francisco
South of Market (SoMa) is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, so named due to its location south of Market Street. It contains several sub-neighborhoods including South Beach, Yerba Buena, and Rincon Hill.

SoMa is home to many of the city's museums, to the headquarters of several major software and Internet companies, and to the Moscone Conference Center.
Southern Maryland Athletic Conference
The Southern Maryland Athletic Conference (SMAC) is a high school athletic league in Maryland, comprising the public secondary and high schools throughout Southern Maryland. The SMAC's membership consists of the following schools located in Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's Counties:

Calvert High School

Chopticon High School

Great Mills High School

Henry E. Lackey High School

Huntingtown High School

La Plata High School

Leonardtown High School

Maurice J. McDonough High School

Northern High School

North Point High School

Patuxent High School

Thomas Stone High School

Westlake High School

St. Charles High School

St. Mary's Ryken High School was a member, and the only private Maryland school in a public league, but withdrew to join the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) in 2002.
St. Charles High School became a member of SMAC in 2014.

Washington Catholic Athletic Conference
The Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) is a major high school athletic league for boys, girls, and co-ed Catholic high schools of the Archdiocese of Washington & Diocese of Arlington located in the Washington Metropolitan Area. The WCAC is widely regarded as the nation's best boys and girls basketball and football conference, with several teams in the conference ranked nationally in any given year.
Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway
The Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway (舞鶴若狭自動車道, Maizuru-Wakasa Jidōsha-dō) is a national expressway in Japan. It is owned and operated by West Nippon Expressway Company. It is signed as E27 under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

Expressways of Japan
The expressways (高速道路, kōsoku-dōro, lit. "high-speed road", also jidōsha-dō (自動車道), lit. "automobile road", "freeway", "expressway", or "motorway") of Japan make up a large network of controlled-access toll expressways.
Ironstone
Ironstone is a sedimentary rock, either deposited directly as a ferruginous sediment or created by chemical replacement, that contains a substantial proportion of an iron ore compound from which iron (Fe) can be smelted commercially.

Not to be confused with native or telluric iron, which is very rare and found in metallic form, the term ironstone is customarily restricted to hard, coarsely banded, non-banded, and non-cherty sedimentary rocks of post-Precambrian age. The Precambrian deposits, which have a different origin, are generally known as banded iron formations. The iron minerals comprising ironstones can consist either of oxides, i.e. limonite, hematite, and magnetite; carbonates, i.e. siderite; silicates, i.e. chamosite; or some combination of these minerals.

Limonite
Limonite (/ˈlaɪməˌnaɪt/) is an iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxides in varying composition. The generic formula is frequently written as FeO(OH)·nH2O, although this is not entirely accurate as the ratio of oxide to hydroxide can vary quite widely. Limonite is one of the three principal iron ores, the others being hematite and magnetite, and has been mined for the production of iron since at least 400 BC.
Stefan Mugoša
Stefan Mugoša (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Стефан Мугоша; born 26 February 1992) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a striker for K League 2 club Incheon United and for the Montenegro national team.

2017 Moldovan National Division
The 2017 Moldovan National Division (Romanian: Divizia Națională) was the 27th season of top-tier football in Moldova. It was played as a double round-robin tournament. This transitional season was a result of the Moldovan Football Federation's decision to change the Divizia Națională season from an Autumn–Spring schedule to a Spring–Autumn one. Sheriff Tiraspol were the defending champions. The competition began on 8 July 2017.
Ash Hill, New Zealand
Ash Hill is a volcano in Wiri, in the Auckland volcanic field, in New Zealand. A low tuff cone with an explosion crater about 150m wide, it is now covered by industrial development. It peaked at roughly 30 metres above sea level (approximately 8 metres higher than the surrounding land).

Ash Hill was named after nearby Ash Road by Searle. Ash Road was named after ash trees, not volcanic ash. Radiocarbon dating gave Ash Hill the age of 31,800 +/- 159 calendar years BP, a similar age to nearby Wiri Mountain.

A piece of Ash Hill, viewed from Oak Road.

A view across present day Ash Hill.

A view of part of Ash Hill before obscuring buildings were removed.

Wiri
Wiri is a mostly industrial-commercial focused suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It was formerly part of Manukau City until the merger of all of Auckland's councils into the 'super city' in 2010. The area was named after the chief Takaanini Wirihana.
Cloud Cuckoo Land (novel)
Cloud Cuckoo Land is a 2021 historical and speculative fiction novel by American author Anthony Doerr. It was first published on September 28, 2021, in the United States by Charles Scribner's Sons and the United Kingdom by Fourth Estate. The novel centers around an Ancient Greek codex that links characters from fifteenth-century Constantinople, present-day Idaho, and a twenty-second-century starship.

Imaginary book
An imaginary book or fictional book is a book which "traditionally exist only within secondary worlds" of works of fiction, where it can fulfill various functions and may "act as keystones to the structure of both the stories and the worlds in which they appear."
2015–16 Handball-Bundesliga
The 2015–16 Handball-Bundesliga was the 51st season of the Handball-Bundesliga, Germany's premier handball league and the 39th season consisting of only one league. It ran from 21 August 2015 to 5 June 2016.

Rhein-Neckar Löwen won their first ever Bundesliga title.

Handball-Bundesliga
The Handball-Bundesliga (HBL), currently known as Daikin Handball-Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is the top German professional handball league. From 2007 to 2012, the league was sponsored by Toyota and was officially called the Toyota Handball-Bundesliga. In 2012 the Deutsche Kreditbank AG (DKB) became the new sponsor. As of 2024, the latest league sponsor is Daikin and the official name has consequently been changed to Daikin Handball-Bundesliga. The winners of the respective season are the official German handball champions.
The HBL is headquartered in Dortmund.
Bruno Fratus
Bruno Giuseppe Fratus (born 30 June 1989) is a Brazilian former competitive swimmer. He won a bronze medal in the 50-metre freestyle at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. In July 2021, Fratus became the first swimmer in history to swim the long course 50 metre freestyle race in less than 22 seconds 90 times. He surpassed this mark by swimming his 100th sub-22 second 50 metre freestyle at the 19th World Aquatics Championships in June 2022.

In the 50 metre freestyle, he won 3 medals in a row at the World Championships in 2015, 2017 and 2019 (2 silver and 1 bronze), in addition to having won silver in the 4×100 metre freestyle relay in 2017. He is also the gold medalist in the 50 metre freestyle at the 2014 Pan Pacific Championships and at the 2019 Pan American Games.

Brazil Swimming Trophy
The Brazil Swimming Trophy (Formerly: Maria Lenk Trophy) is a Brazilian competition played by teams in individual and relay swimming events. It is also known as the Brazilian Open Summer Championship and / or Brazilian Open Long Course Pool Championship. It is one of the most notable events nationwide.

Its first edition took place in 1962 in Porto Alegre and had Club Athlético Paulistano as champion. The most recent edition took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro in December 2020. The trophy is marked by the hegemony of the clubs in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The main winners are: Esporte Clube Pinheiros with 18 titles, Clube de Regatas do Flamengo with 13, and Minas Tênis Clube with 10.
2001 Euro Beach Soccer Cup
The 2001 Euro Beach Soccer Cup, was the third Euro Beach Soccer Cup, one of Europe's two major beach soccer championships at the time, held in February 2001, in Maspalomas, Spain. Portugal won the championship, with hosts Spain finishing second. Italy beat Germany in the third place playoff to finish third and fourth respectively, replicating the result of the 1998 Euro Beach Soccer Cup.

Eight teams participated in the tournament who played in a straightforward knockout tournament, starting with the quarterfinals, with extra matches deciding the nations who finished in fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth place

Euro Beach Soccer Cup
The Euro Beach Soccer Cup (EBSC), originally known as the European Pro Beach Soccer Championships until 2004, was a biennial (previously annual) beach soccer competition contested between European men's national teams, organised by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW). Having started in 1998, the tournament's prestige has held in being one of the oldest and longest running beach soccer competitions in Europe and the world. It is currently merged with Euro Beach Soccer League.
Liberty Township, Butler County, Ohio
Liberty Township is a suburb of Cincinnati located in Butler County, Ohio. It is one of thirteen townships in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 43,999 at the 2020 census. It is located on the east-central part of the county, just south of the city of Monroe.

Hamilton, Ohio
Hamilton is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is 20 miles (32 km) north of Cincinnati along the Great Miami River. The population was 63,399 at the 2020 census, making Hamilton the second-most populous city in the Cincinnati metropolitan area and the tenth-most populous city in Ohio. Most of the city is served by the Hamilton City School District.
Foreign relations of Kurdistan Region
Relations of Kurdistan Region of Iraq with foreign states and organizations are conducted by the Kurdistan Region. The KRG's primary body for directing its foreign affairs is the Department of Foreign Relations (DFR). The DFR's foremost objectives are to raise the global profile of the Kurdistan Region, improve the Region's international ties with various governments and international organizations, and present emerging business opportunities in the Kurdistan Region to regional and international actors.

The KRG's foreign policy vision has paved the way for the establishment of various diplomatic representations in Kurdistan. A total of 31 countries have a diplomatic presence in Erbil. Multinational bodies, including the EU, UN, ICRC, JICA and the KOICA also have offices in Kurdistan. The KRG's presence abroad has grown significantly since 2007. Currently the KRG has representative offices in 14 countries.

Masoud Barzani
Masoud Barzani (Kurdish: مەسعوود‌ بارزانی, romanized: Mesûd Barzanî; born 16 August 1946) is a Kurdish politician who has been leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979, and was President of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 2005 to 2017.
Ouatchi Plateau
The Ouatchi Plateau is a tableland in southern central Togo, West Africa. The plateau is also known as Terre de barre after its reddish, iron-rich soil. The plateau is about 20 kilometres wide and located at an altitude of 60 to 90 metres above sea level.

Tableland
A tableland is an area containing elevated landforms characterized by a distinct, flat, nearly level, or gently undulating surface. They often exhibit steep, cliff-like edges, known as escarpments, that separate them from surrounding lowlands. Depending on either their size, other physical characteristics, or geographic location, the landforms comprising a tableland are individually referred to by a number of names including butte, mesa, plateau, potrero, tepui, or tuya. A homologous landform under the sea is called either a tablemount or guyot.
Shintani zeta function
In mathematics, a Shintani zeta function or Shintani L-function is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function. They were first studied by Takuro Shintani (1976). They include Hurwitz zeta functions and Barnes zeta functions.

Hurwitz zeta function
In mathematics, the Hurwitz zeta function is one of the many zeta functions. It is formally defined for complex variables s with Re(s) > 1 and a ≠ 0, −1, −2, ... by

This series is absolutely convergent for the given values of s and a and can be extended to a meromorphic function defined for all s ≠ 1. The Riemann zeta function is ζ(s, 1). The Hurwitz zeta function is named after Adolf Hurwitz, who introduced it in 1882.
Südfriedhof (Leipzig)
Südfriedhof (German: South Cemetery) is, with an area of 82 hectares, the largest cemetery in Leipzig. It is located in the south of Leipzig in the immediate vicinity of the Völkerschlachtdenkmal. The Südfriedhof is one of the largest rural cemeteries in Germany, along with the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg and the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery in Berlin.

Ohlsdorf Cemetery
Ohlsdorf Cemetery (German: Ohlsdorfer Friedhof or (former) Hauptfriedhof Ohlsdorf) in the Ohlsdorf quarter of the city of Hamburg, Germany, is the biggest rural cemetery in the world and the fourth-largest cemetery in the world. Most of the people buried at the cemetery are civilians, but there is also a large number of victims of war from various nations. The cemetery notably includes the Old Hamburg Memorial Cemetery (Althamburgischer Gedächtnisfriedhof, formerly Ehrenfriedhof) with the graves of many notable Hamburg citizens.
Hell Tunnel
The Hell Tunnel (Norwegian: Helltunnelen) is a 3,928-metre (12,887 ft) long road tunnel in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The tunnel is located along the shared section of the European route E6 and European route E14 motorways that runs through the mountain Gjevingåsen between the villages of Hommelvik in Malvik Municipality and Hell in Stjørdal Municipality.

The tunnel was opened on 18 October 1995 and is the longest of the four tunnels between Trondheim and Stjørdalshalsen. It used to have a toll plaza on the southeast side of the tunnel, but now it is all automated, just as with several other tunnels in Norway. The tunnel was built as part of the Trondheim Toll Scheme.

The tunnel will be get a secord pipe, in total four lanes, which had a construction start in 2020 and is expected to be opened for traffic in 2027.

Hommelvik
Hommelvik is the administrative centre of Malvik Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Hommelvika, a bay off of the Trondheimsfjord. Hommelvik is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest of the village of Muruvika, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the village of Smiskaret, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the village of Vikhammer, and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Sneisen. The river Homla runs north through the village, emptying into the fjord.  The name of the village is derived from the river name.

The 3.16-square-kilometre (780-acre) village has a population (2025) of 5,925 and a population density of 1,875 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,860/sq mi). Hommelvik Church is located in the village, just south of the shoreline. The European route E6 highway runs around the village and the Trøndelag Commuter Rail has a stop at Hommelvik Station.
History of lesbianism
Lesbianism is sexual and romantic desire or relationships between women. Women have typically been underrepresented in history as both writers and subjects, and lesbianism has been correspondingly under-recorded. Since the 1970s, efforts have been made to gather together and preserve lesbian history.

Penitential
A penitential is a book or set of church rules concerning the Christian sacrament of penance, used for regular private confession with a confessor-priest, a "new manner of reconciliation with God" that was promoted by Celtic monks in Ireland in the sixth century AD, under the Egyptian monastic influence of St John Cassian. It consisted of a list of sins and the appropriate penances prescribed for them, and served as a type of manual for confessors.
Christina Gough
Christina Maria Gough (born 18 February 1994) is a German cricketer who plays for the national cricket team as an all-rounder. She has twice been involved in setting a new record for a team's highest score without losing a wicket across all Twenty20 Internationals.

Germany women's national cricket team
The Germany woman's national cricket team represents the country of Germany in international women's cricket matches. The team is organised by German Cricket Federation and has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1999. Germany was previously an affiliate member from 1991 to 1999.
San Marco 1
San Marco 1, also known as San Marco A, was the first Italian satellite. Built in-house by the Italian Space Research Commission (Italian: Commissione per le Ricerche Spaziali, CRS) on behalf of the National Research Council, it was the first of five as part of the Italian-US San Marco programme.

The name of the spacecraft series comes from the San Marco platform, a Jackup barge used as an offshore launch pad for the main phase of the project. San Marco (English: Saint Mark) is the patron saint of Venice, often depicted as aiding Venetian sailors.

Broglio Space Center
The Luigi Broglio Malindi Space Center (LBMSC) located near Malindi, Kenya, is an Italian Space Agency (ASI) Spaceport. It was named after its founder and Italian space pioneer Luigi Broglio. Developed in the 1960s through a partnership between the Sapienza University of Rome's Aerospace Research Centre and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the BSC served as a spaceport for the launch of both Italian and international satellites (1967–1988). The center comprises a main offshore launch site, known as the San Marco platform, as well as two secondary control platforms and a communications ground station on the mainland.

In 2003, a legislative decree handed management of the center to ASI, beginning in 2004, and the name changed from the previous San Marco Equatorial Range. While the ground station is still in use for satellite communications, the BSC is not currently used as a launch site.
Politics of British Columbia
The politics of British Columbia involve not only the governance of British Columbia, Canada, and the various political factions that have held or vied for legislative power, but also a number of experiments or attempts at political and electoral reform.

A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the Crown-in-Council; the legislature, as the Crown-in-Parliament; and the courts, as the Crown-on-the-Bench. Three institutions—the Executive Council (Cabinet); the Legislative Assembly; and the judiciary, respectively—exercise the powers of the Crown.

1991 British Columbia general election
The 1991 British Columbia general election was the 35th provincial election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on September 19, 1991, and held on October 17, 1991.

The New Democratic Party of Mike Harcourt defeated the incumbent Social Credit Party of British Columbia, which had been beset by scandals during Bill Vander Zalm's only term as premier. Liberal Party leader Gordon Wilson surprised observers by leading his party to winning one-third of the votes cast and 23 percent of the seats, and forming the official opposition in the legislature after having held no seats at all since 1979. The new legislature met for the first time on March 17, 1992.

The election was held at the same time as a referendum on recall and initiative. It was also the first British Columbia general election with only single-member districts.