hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Batken conflict
The Batken conflict (Kyrgyz: Баткен окуясы, romanized: Batken okuyasy, Russian: Баткенские события) was a period of armed clashes between militants of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) and the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan, with support to the latter being provided by the Uzbek Ground Forces. It was caused by incursions of IMU militants into Uzbek and Kyrgyz territory from Tajikistan and was in part, centered on the unilateral demarcation of the Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan border by Uzbekistan.

Batken Region
Batken is a region of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Batken. It is bounded on the east by Osh Region, on the south, west and north by Tajikistan, and on the northeast by Uzbekistan. The northern part of the region is part of the flat, agricultural Ferghana Valley. The land rises southward to the mountains on the southern border: the Alay Mountains in the east, and the Turkestan Range in the west. Its total area is 17,048 km2 (6,582 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 548,247 as of January 2021. The region has sizeable Uzbek (14.7% in 2009) and Tajik (6.9% in 2009) minorities.
Nissan ZD engine
The Nissan ZD30 engine family is a 3.0-litre (2,953 cc) inline-four cylinder diesel engine with a bore and stroke of 96 mm × 102 mm (3.78 in × 4.02 in), that replaced the Nissan QD, BD and TD engines. At Renault it also replaced the Sofim 8140 engine and is the only truck diesel engine which remained with Nissan Motors when they sold Nissan Diesel to Volvo trucks in 2007.

Sofim 8140 engine
The 8140 was a diesel engine made by Sofim for cars. Originally introduced as a swirl chamber, naturally aspirated diesel it was mostly used in commercial vehicles worldwide.

At the time of introduction, the 8140's overhead camshaft layout (driven by a toothed timingbelt) was unexpected in a diesel engine, which were typically overhead valve designs. Turbocharging the original engine, the design of which was finished in 1974, was impeded until 1985 due to restrictions of the original design. Heat flux issues with the aluminium head and swirl chambers were eventually overcome, but did slow down development. Before entering the market, Fiat tested the Sofim engine in its 131 model during the 1977 London-Sydney Marathon.

First direct injection models also appeared in the mid-1980s.

Additionally to the Fiat designation 8140 some engines got a Renault tag (S8 for indirect injection, S9 for direct injection).
Rutherford County, Tennessee
Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee. As of a 2023 estimate, the population was 367,101, making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee projects Rutherford County to become the third largest county in Tennessee by population by 2050. Its county seat is Murfreesboro, which is also the geographic center of Tennessee. As of 2010, it is the center of population of Tennessee. Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Tennessee General Assembly
The Tennessee General Assembly (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate carries the additional title and office of Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee. In addition to passing a budget for state government plus other legislation, the General Assembly appoints three state officers specified by the state constitution. It is also the initiating body in any process to amend the state's constitution.
Brackley Beach, Prince Edward Island
The community of Brackley Beach, formerly Brackley Point, is a small Canadian rural farming community located in central Prince Edward Island on the province's north shore, approximately 10 km north of the community of Brackley, from which it derives its name.

Brackley Beach is bordered on the north by the Prince Edward Island National Park of Canada  which is home to sand dunes, barrier islands and sandspits, beaches, sandstone cliffs, wetlands and forests. These diverse habitats provide a home for a variety of plants and animals, including the threatened Gulf of Saint Lawrence Aster and the endangered Piping Plover.

The Brackley Beach area became a popular vacation spot in the late 19th century, and its shoreline was designated as part of the national park in 1937.  Activities include deep sea fishing, bike, canoe and kayak rentals, horseback riding, campgrounds, several restaurants and dairy bars as well as Prince Edward Island's only drive-in theater.

Brackley, Prince Edward Island
Brackley is a rural municipality in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is located on the northern boundary of Charlottetown, adjoining the Charlottetown Airport that is in the neighbourhood of Sherwood. Brackley originally incorporated in 1983. It absorbed the adjacent former municipality of Winsloe South via amalgamation on December 15, 2017.
LRP1
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), also known as alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR), apolipoprotein E receptor (APOER)  or cluster of differentiation 91 (CD91), is a protein forming a receptor found in the plasma membrane of cells involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. In humans, the LRP1 protein is encoded by the LRP1 gene. LRP1 is also a key signalling protein and, thus, involved in various biological processes, such as lipoprotein metabolism and cell motility, and diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Rodney Hall plantation
Rodney Hall plantation was located near Hope Bay in the Jamaican parish of Saint George in what is now Portland Parish. In 1809 it was in the ownership of Henry Passley who owned 140 slaves, the number rising to as high as 287 in the 1820s under different ownership. After Henry Passley, the plantation was owned by other Passleys, the Philips family, and in 1839 George Codrington. The Rodney Hall Workhouse was notorious amongst anti-slavery campaigners for its poor conditions.

The name survives as a small community that is the location of the Rodney Hall Basic school.

Portland Parish
Portland (Jamaican Patois: Puotlan), with its capital town Port Antonio, is a parish located on Jamaica's northeast coast. It is situated to the north of St Thomas and to the east of St Mary in Surrey County. It is one of the rural areas of Jamaica, containing part of the Blue Mountains, where the Jamaican Maroon communities of Moore Town and Charles Town are located.
Mille Lacs Indian Museum and Trading Post
The Mille Lacs Indian Museum and Trading Post is a museum dedicated to the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe's history, culture, and contemporary life. It officially opened to the public on May 18, 1996. Located in Onamia, Minnesota, United States, it is one of the 26 historical sites and museums run by the Minnesota Historical Society.

Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe (Ojibwe: Misi-zaaga'igani Anishinaabeg), also known as the Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians, is a federally recognized American Indian tribe in east-central Minnesota. The Band has 4,302 members as of 2012. Its homeland is the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, consisting of District I (near Onamia), District II (near McGregor), District IIa (near Isle), and District III (near Hinckley).

The Mille Lacs Band is one of six members of the federally recognized Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, which they organized in 1934. The other members are the White Earth Band, Leech Lake Band, Grand Portage Band, Bois Forte Band, and Fond du Lac Band. "Chippewa" is commonly used in the United States to refer to Ojibwe people; the Mille Lacs Band prefers the term "Ojibwe."
Bashir al-Azma
Bashir al-Azma (1910–1992) (Arabic: بشير العظَمة), was a Syrian doctor and politician. He served as  Prime Minister of Syria from 16 April to 14 September 1962.

He was born in and raised in the capital Damascus. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Medicine from Damascus University and his graduate in Paris.  He became the Minister of Health under the United Arab Republic (UAR) but resigned due to a conflict with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Syria after the dissolution of the UAR.

Bashir al-Azma was one of several Syrian Prime Ministers who intended to keep Syria out of the east–west conflict and demonstrate its passive approach to it.  On 22 April 1962, al-Azma declared on Radio Damascus that Syria's foreign policy continued to be based on "the principles of positive neutrality and non-alignment with military blocs, non-participation in the Cold War, and respect for the principles of the UN Charter."

Prime Minister of Syria
The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا, romanized: Raʾīs wuzarāʾ Sūriyā), officially the president of the Council of Ministers of the Syrian Arab Republic, was the head of government of Syria from 1920 to 2025. After the fall of the Assad regime, the prime minister of Syria was the head of the Syrian caretaker government.
Judgement of Paris
The Judgement of Paris is a story from Greek mythology, which was one of the events that led up to the Trojan War, and in later versions to the foundation of Rome.

Eris, the goddess of discord, was not invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. In revenge, she brought a golden apple, inscribed, "To the fairest one", which she threw into the wedding. Three guests, Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, after some disputation, agreed to have Paris of Troy choose the fairest one. Paris chose Aphrodite, she having bribed him with the most beautiful mortal woman in the world, Helen of Sparta, wife of Menelaus. Consequently, Paris carried Helen off to Troy, and the Greeks invaded Troy for Helen's return. Eris's Apple of Discord (or her not being invited to the wedding in the first place) was thus the instrumental casus belli of the Trojan War.

Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)
The Bibliotheca (Ancient Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη, romanized: Bibliothēkē, lit. 'Library') is a compendium of Greek myths and heroic legends, genealogical tables and histories arranged in three books, generally dated to the first or second century AD. The work is commonly described as having been written by Apollodorus (or sometimes Pseudo-Apollodorus), a result of its false attribution to the 2nd-century BC scholar Apollodorus of Athens.
Kurenkahn
The Kurenkahn (German plural Kurenkähne; Lithuanian: kurėnas) is a traditional wooden type of flat bottom boat that was used in Vistula lagoon and Curonian Lagoon, East Prussia. The name comes from the German name of the Curonian people (Kuren). Kurenkahns were 11–12 m long, with two main sails: the large and the small. Kurenkahns were used to catch fish by dragging a large net (Kurrennetz) in pairs. After the expulsion of Germans from East Prussia, Kurenkahns were used for some time for fishing, but were later abandoned.
In 2001 a replica of a Kurenkahn was rebuilt in part of former Memel territory now in Lithuania.

Klaipėda Region
The Klaipėda Region (Lithuanian: Klaipėdos kraštas) or Memel Territory (German: Memelland or Memelgebiet) was defined by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and refers to the northernmost part of the German province of East Prussia, when, as Memelland, it was put under the administration of the Entente's Council of Ambassadors. The Memel Territory, together with other areas severed from Germany (the Saar and Danzig), was to remain under the control of the League of Nations until a future date, when the people of those regions would be allowed to vote on whether or not the land would return to Germany. Today, the former Memel Territory is controlled by Lithuania as part of Klaipėda and Tauragė counties.
1992 NationsBank Classic
The 1992 NationsBank Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the Championship Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the 24th edition of the tournament was held from July 13 through July 19, 1992. First-seeded Petr Korda won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

1992 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation, ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Neonemobius eurynotus
Neonemobius eurynotus is a species of cricket in the subfamily Nemobiinae. It is native to California, where it can be found in the San Francisco Bay Area. Its common names include Bay Area ground cricket and California ground cricket.

Nemobiinae
Nemobiinae is a subfamily of the newly constituted Trigonidiidae, one of the cricket families. The type genus is Nemobius, which includes the wood cricket, but members of this subfamily may also be known as ground crickets or "pygmy field crickets".
Dendron, Cumbria
Dendron is a small village in South Cumbria, England. It is situated around three miles from the town of Barrow-in-Furness. The village was once just a collection of farms, but many of the old farm buildings have now been converted into houses for commuters working in Barrow, Ulverston and Dalton.

The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Dene, and the name is thought to mean sheltering place for deer - it is only a coincidence that it is the same as the Greek for tree.

Ulverston
Ulverston is a market town and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. Historically in Lancashire, it lies a few miles south of the Lake District National Park and just north-west of Morecambe Bay, within the Furness Peninsula. Lancaster is 39 miles (63 km) to the east, Barrow-in-Furness 10 miles (16 km) to the south-west and Kendal 25 miles (40 km) to the north-east. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 11,524, increasing at the 2011 census to 11,678.
2012 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup
The 2012 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup was the fifth edition of the ACC Women's Asia Cup and the first edition played in the Women's Twenty20 cricket format as all four previous editions were contested in the Women's One Day International cricket format. It was organized by the Asian Cricket Council and the tournament took place at Guangzhou, China. All the matches were played at the Guanggong International Cricket Stadium, the venue for the cricket tournament in 2010 Asian Games. Eight teams competed in the tournament which was played from 24 to 31 October 2012.

Women's Asia Cup
The Women's Asia Cup is a biennial cricket tournament organised by the Asian Cricket Council. It is contested by the senior national women's cricket teams of Asia to determine the continental champion.

The first Women's Asia Cup was held in 2004 in Colombo and Kandy, Sri Lanka. The 2020 edition was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic but was later cancelled. The ICC has ruled that all matches played in the Asia Cup carry either ODI or T20I status. The 2012 edition was the first to be played in the T20 format.

As of 2024, nine Women's Asia Cup tournaments have been held, with India winning the most titles (four WODI and three WT20I).
Acharonim
In Jewish law and history, Acharonim (Hebrew: אחרונים, romanized: Aḥaronim, Modern Israeli Hebrew: [ʔaχ(a)ʁoˈnim], Biblical Hebrew: [ʔaħ(a)roˈnim]; lit. 'last ones'; sing. אחרון, Aḥaron) are the leading rabbis and poskim (Jewish legal decisors) living from roughly the 16th century to the present, and more specifically since the writing of the Shulchan Aruch (lit. 'Set Table'; a code of Jewish law) in 1563 CE.

The Acharonim follow the Rishonim, the "first ones"—the rabbinic scholars between the 11th and the 16th century following the Geonim and preceding the Shulchan Aruch. The publication of the Shulchan Aruch thus marks the transition from the era of Rishonim to that of Acharonim.

The Acharonim are thus contemporary with the Early Modern Period, the foundation of Hasidic Judaism, Jewish emancipation in Europe, the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), Zionism, the Holocaust, the foundation of the State of Israel and the Jewish exodus from the Muslim world.

Ba'er Hetev
Ba'er Hetev (also  B’er Heteb or Ba'er Heiteiv; Hebrew: באר היטב lit. "explaining well" or "explained well", based on Deut. 27:8; the vocalization "Be'er" is a traditional alternative) is a Hebrew commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, the chief codification of Jewish law.  The commentary's two halves were authored by different individuals.

On the sections of Orach Chaim and Even HaEzer, the commentary was written by Yehudah ben Shimon Ashkenazi (d. 1743), rabbi of Tykocin, Poland.

On the sections of Choshen Mishpat and Yoreh De'ah, the commentary was written by Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib, a Polish rabbi who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Wressle
Wressle (with spelling variations of Wressell, and Wressel, in Leland's Itinerary as Wreshil, in the Domesday Book as Weresa) is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, lying on the eastern bank of the River Derwent approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Howden.

Wressle village has a late 18th-century church, St John, and on the western fringe of the village is the Grade I listed structure and scheduled monument, the ruins of Wressle Castle. Wressle railway station is located within the village.

The parish includes the hamlets of Brind, Newsholme and Loftshome. Wressle lies within the Parliamentary constituency of Goole and Pocklington.

Cliffe, Selby
Cliffe is a small village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England.  It was historically part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, but from 1974 to 2023 was in the Selby District of the shire county of North Yorkshire. In 2023 the district was abolished and North Yorkshire became a unitary authority.

The civil parish includes the villages of Cliffe Common, South Duffield, Lund, and Newhay.

The site of the former Selby Coalfield Whitemoor mine in the north of the parish is now a business park.
Kingdom of Orungu
The Kingdom of Orungu (c. 1700–1927) (Portuguese: Reino da Orungu, French: Royaume d'Orungu) was a small, pre-colonial state of what is now Gabon in Central Africa. Through its control of the slave trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was able to become the most powerful of the trading centers that developed in Gabon during that period.

Ogooué River
The Ogooué (or Ogowe), also known as the Nazareth River, some 1,200 km (750 mi) long, is the principal river of Gabon in west-central Africa and the fourth largest river in Africa by volume of discharge, trailing only the Congo, Kasai and Niger. Its watershed drains nearly the entire country of Gabon, with some tributaries reaching into the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea.
1995 Badminton World Cup
The 1995 Badminton World Cup was the seventeenth edition of an international tournament Badminton World Cup. The event was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 14 to 17 September 1995 with a total prize money of US$180,000. Indonesia won all the titles except the women's singles event, which was won by China.

Badminton World Cup
The World Cup in badminton was an annual tournament organized by the International Management Group (IMG). It was held from 1979 to 1997. After the tournament ceased for seven years, Badminton World Federation decided to bring it back as an invitational tournament in 2005, but it was ended after the 2006 event.
Guard, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Identification Badge
The Guard, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Identification Badge is a military badge of the United States Army that honors those soldiers who have been chosen to serve as members of the Honor Guard, known as "Sentinels", at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. It is the third-least awarded badge in the US Military, after the Military Horseman Identification Badge and the  Astronaut Badge. As of March 2024, 722 soldiers have been awarded this badge.

Military badges of the United States
Military badges of the United States are awards authorized by the United States Armed Forces that signify rating, qualification, or accomplishment in several career fields, and also serve as identification devices for personnel occupying certain assignments. Personal recognition is granted to service members by a number of awards and decorations.  Together with military decorations, such badges are authorized for wear on military uniforms.

Each of the six military services maintains a separate series of badges that may be awarded to service members, although some badges may be shared between branches. An example of the latter is the Basic Parachutist Badge, which is authorized for wear by all six services. Each service determines how badges are displayed, how many may be worn at one time, and whether badges awarded by other branches may be worn on the uniform. Properly earned foreign badges may also be worn, depending on the branch of service, awarding nation, and type of badge.
Grizzly Peak (Summit County, Colorado)
Grizzly Peak is a high mountain summit in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  Also known as Grizzly Peak D, the 13,433-foot (4,094 m) thirteener  is located in Arapaho National Forest, 2.1 miles (3.4 km) southeast by east (bearing 129°) of Loveland Pass, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide between Clear Creek and Summit counties.  Its proximate parent peak is Torreys Peak.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
1985–86 Australian Tri-Series
The 1985–86 Benson & Hedges World Series was a One Day International (ODI) cricket tri-series where Australia played host to India and New Zealand. Australia and India reached the Finals, which Australia won 2–0.

Australian Tri-Series
The Australian Tri-Series was an annual one day international (ODI) cricket tournament held in Australia, and contested by Australia and two touring teams.

The series was the primary format for international one-day cricket throughout most of the early history of ODI cricket in Australia, staged during the height of the Australian cricket season, in the summer months of December, January and February. The tri-series was first held in 1979–80 and was contested every season until 2007–08. It has since been held only twice since 2007–08, and ODI cricket has since been played as bilateral ODI series against a single touring opponent.