hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pilularia minuta
Pilularia minuta is a species of fern in the family Marsileaceae. It is an ephemeral species that relies on seasonal flooding. Though widely distributed across the Mediterranean basin, it is considered an endangered species due to habitat fragmentation.

Ephemeral plant
An ephemeral plant is a plant with a very short life cycle or very short period of active growth, often one that grows only during brief periods when conditions are favorable. Several types of ephemeral plants exist. The first, spring ephemeral, refers to plants that emerge quickly in the spring and die back to their underground parts after a short growth and reproduction phase. Desert ephemerals are plants which are adapted to take advantage of the short wet periods in arid climates. Mud-flat ephemerals take advantage of short periods of low water. In areas subjected to recurring human disturbance, such as plowing, weedy ephemerals are very short-lived plants whose entire life cycle takes less than a growing season. In each case, the species has a life cycle timed to exploit a short period when resources are freely available. An evergreen plant could be considered the opposite of an ephemeral plant.
Barragan (cloth)
Barragan (barragon) was a Spanish term for various types of fabrics or fabric products in the Middle Ages. Barragan was derived from the Arabic term barrakan, that signified heavy cotton and woolen materials. Initially meaning a heavy cloth, by the 15th century it had come to mean a luxurious cloth made of silk. Along with terms such as almuzalla, fazale, and mobatana, barragan was also used to mean a type of table- or altar-cloth. In the 17th century, the term was revived to mean a twill weave woolen material similar to moleskin.

Twill
Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of parallel, diagonal ribs. It is one of three fundamental types of weave, along with plain weave and satin. It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step", or offset, between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. Due to this structure, twill generally drapes well.
Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST
The Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST is a class of steam locomotive designed by Hunslet Engine Company for shunting.  The class became the standard British shunting locomotive during the Second World War, and production continued until 1964 at various locomotive manufacturers.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Hamhung
Hamhŭng (Hamhŭng-si; Korean pronunciation: [hamɣɯŋ]) is North Korea's second-most populous city, and a major port city and industrial hub. Hamhung is the capital of South Hamgyŏng Province and the 16th largest city in the Korean Peninsula. Located in the southern part of the South Hamgyong Province, Hamhung is the main and most populous metropolitan area in the province. Hamhung was centrally planned and built by the North Korean Government.

Taejo of Joseon
Taejo (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), personal name Yi Sŏnggye, later changed to Yi Tan, was the founder and first monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, he ascended to the throne in 1392 and abdicated six years later during a strife between his sons. He was honored as Emperor Ko following the establishment of the Korean Empire.

Taejo emphasized continuity over change. No new institutions were created, and no massive purges occurred during his reign. His new dynasty was largely dominated by the same ruling families and officials that had served the previous regime. He re-established amicable ties with Japan and improved relations with Ming China.
Nakota
Nakota (or Nakoda or Nakona) is the endonym used by those Native peoples of North America who usually go by the name of Assiniboine (or Hohe), in the United States, and of Stoney, in Canada.

The Assiniboine branched off from the Great Sioux Nation (aka the Oceti Sakowin) around 1640 and moved further west from the original territory in the woodlands of what is now Minnesota into the northern and northwestern regions of Montana and North Dakota in the United States, and Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta in Canada.

Raymond J. DeMallie
Raymond J. DeMallie (October 16, 1946 – April 25, 2021) was an American anthropologist whose work focuses on the cultural history of the peoples of the Northern Plains, particularly the Lakota.  His work is informed by interrelated archival, museum-based, and ethnographic research in a manner characteristic of the ethnohistorical method. In 1985 he founded and became the director of the American Indian Studies Research Institute at Indiana University Bloomington, alongside Douglas Parks, whom he worked collaboratively throughout majority of his career to preserve and translate various Indigenous languages, after having first met in 1980. Shortly after Parks started to work with DeMallie at Indiana University Bloomington. They got married in 2016.
Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People
Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People is a Christmas stage show celebrating a view of science. It was first run in 2008 at the Bloomsbury Theatre and re-run as The Return of Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People in 2009, then televised on BBC Four as Nerdstock: 9 Lessons and Carols for Godless People.

It was initially organised by the Rationalist Association and the journal New Humanist. It is now produced by Trunkman Productions and is part of The Cosmic Shambles Network and in 2018 changed titles to become Nine Lessons and Carols for Curious People.

It was described by the host, Robin Ince: "If the Royal Variety Show was put in a matter transportation machine with the Royal Institution Christmas lectures, this is what you'd get".

Jo Neary
Joanna Neary is a British comedian, writer and actress. Her solo, character-based stage shows include Youth Club and Joanna Neary Is Not Feeling Herself, which received a Perrier Best Newcomer award nomination in 2004. She has also appeared in the TV shows Time Trumpet, Angelo's, That Mitchell and Webb Look, Skins, Dogface, Man Down and Ideal.  Radio credits include acting as an ensemble member of the cast in the first series of the Count Arthur Strong Radio Show, as well as appearing in numerous series of  the Radio 4 show Out to Lunch.

Harry Deansway, writing in The Guardian, described Neary as "a character actress par excellence; not only are her characters well observed and immaculately performed, but they are well written and, most importantly, funny. ... A Joyce Grenfell of our age".
Al-Shabatliyah
Al-Shabatliyah (Arabic: الشبطلية) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located north of Latakia. Nearby localities include Al-Shamiyah and Burj Islam to the south, Ayn al-Bayda, al-Bahluliyah and Mashqita to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Shabatliyah had a population of 3,306 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Ayn al-Bayda, Latakia
Ayn al-Bayda (Arabic: عين البيضة) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located north of Latakia. Nearby localities include Al-Shamiyah and Burj Islam to the west, al-Bahluliyah and Mashqita to the east and Mushayrafet al-Samouk to the southwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Ayn al-Bayda had a population of 1,629 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.
Terpsichore (plant)
Terpsichore is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

It is native to the Neotropical realm in the Americas.

Grammitidoideae
Grammitidoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae, whose members are informally known as grammitids. It comprises a clade of about 750 species. They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World.  This group was previously treated as a separate family, Grammitidaceae until molecular phylogenies showed it to be nested within the Polypodiaceae. It has since been treated as an unranked clade within subfamily Polypodioideae (renamed tribe Polypodieae in one classification), and, most recently, as a separate subfamily (reducing Polypodioideae to an evolutionary grade).
Rogan josh
Rogan josh (Kashmiri: [roːɡan d͡ʒoːʃ]); English: /ˌroʊɡən ˈdʒɑʃ/), also spelled roghan josh or roghan ghosht, is an aromatic curried meat dish in Kashmiri cuisine, from the time of the Mughal Empire. It is one of the main dishes in the wazwan, the traditional multi-course Kashmiri feast. Rogan josh is made with red meat—traditionally mutton or goat, coloured and flavoured primarily by alkanet flower (or root) and Kashmiri chillies. In Western usage, tomatoes are often used instead.

Kashmiri red chilli
Kashmiri red chillies or Kashmiri laal mirch are characterized by their ability to give a dark red colour to food and add flavour, while not allowing the food to become too pungent or spicy.

India is the largest consumer and producer. Numerous companies sell the powdered form, including MDH, Everest Spices, Sakthi Masala and Badshah Masala. Vir Sanghvi writes that a majority of the restaurant industry in India use Kashmiri chillis or their powdered form. Chefs even use Kashmiri chillis as a substitute for dishes with Goan peri-peri masala.

Due to the high demand for Kashmiri chillis, substitutes such as Byadagi chillies are often used. There are government initiatives and incentives in Jammu and Kashmir to support and increase the production of the local variety of the Kashmiri chilli.
Attabira Assembly constituency
Attabira is a Assembly constituency of Bargarh district in Odisha State. It was established in 1951. Constituency didn't existed in between 1967 & 2004. It was revived in 2008 Delimitation and went for polls in 2009 election. This constituency was created in 2009 in place of Melchhamunda Assembly constituency.

Bargarh district
Bargarh district is an administrative district of Odisha state in eastern India. The city of Bargarh is its district headquarters. The district was carved out of the erstwhile district of Sambalpur on 1 April 1993.
Authorized foreign decorations of the United States military
Authorized foreign decorations of the United States military are those military decorations which have been approved for wear by members of the United States armed forces but whose awarding authority is the government of a country other than the United States.

Order of National Security Merit
The Order of National Security Merit (Korean: 보국훈장) is one of South Korea's orders of merit. It is awarded by the President of South Korea for "outstanding meritorious services in the interest of national security."
Manurewa (electorate)
Manurewa is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate in southern Auckland. A very safe Labour seat, the seat was created in 1963 and has returned a National MP only once, in 1975. Arena Williams has represented the electorate since the 2020 election.

Manurewa
Manurewa is a suburb in South Auckland, New Zealand, located 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Manukau Central, and 26 km (16 mi) southeast of the Auckland City Centre. It is home to the Auckland Botanic Gardens, which receives over a million visitors a year. Manurewa has a high proportion of non-European ethnicities, making it one of the most multi-cultural suburbs in New Zealand. Employment for many is at the many companies of nearby Wiri, Papakura, and at the steel mill at Glenbrook.

The area has been inhabited since at least the 13th century, and has cultural significance for Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua. Manurewa developed as a rural community after the Manurewa railway station opened in 1875, becoming a borough in 1937. The area saw suburban growth in the 1950s and 1960s, and became a shopping hub when Southmall Manurewa opened in 1967.
TRADOC Band
The Army Training and Doctrine Command Band, also known as the TRADOC Band was a military band of the United States Army posted at Joint Base Langley–Eustis (located in Newport News, Virginia) and assigned to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. It provided official support to the Commanding General, TRADOC. The band was inactivated on June 27th, 2025.

Commanding General, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
The commanding general of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC) was the head of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). They headed approximately 27,000 soldiers and 11,000 civilians who worked at 21 installations across the continental United States. As commander, one of their main duties was to study a number of ideas and initiatives as outlined in previous TRADOC Campaign Plans and create a plan of action for the future. Implementations made affected TRADOC's 32 schools as well as other training throughout the United States Army. The last commanding general was General Gary M. Brito.
R-ace GP
R-ace GP is an auto racing team from France, involved in many areas of motorsport, specifically those involving Renault. They are currently competing in the Formula Regional European Championship, Formula Regional Middle East, F4 Middle East, Italian F4, Euro 4 and Michelin Le Mans Cup in LMP3.

Italian F4 Championship
Italian Formula 4 Championship is the first formula racing series regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations. The inaugural season was the 2014 Italian F4 Championship, effectively replacing the Formula Abarth.

The Italian F4 championship is regarded as amongst the most competitive of the national/regional F4 championships. Lance Stroll, Lando Norris, Mick Schumacher, Jack Doohan, Zhou Guanyu, Ollie Bearman, and Andrea Kimi Antonelli have since driven in Formula One, and numerous Italian F4 drivers have had professional careers in other series.
Dronagiri
18°52′32″N 72°57′42″E﻿ / ﻿18.875431°N 72.961658°E﻿ / 18.875431; 72.961658

Dronagiri is a node of Navi Mumbai in Raigad district. Dronagiri railway station, located on the Port Railway line, provides suburban rail connectivity, while road links connect the node to Uran, JNPT, and other parts of Navi Mumbai and Mumbai, respectively.

The node is located to the east of Uran town in South Navi Mumbai, and is bound by the Karanja River on the south-east. Residential areas are located to the west and north-west of the node, while the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) area and township are located towards the north of the node. The node is adjacent to the JNPT port, and is located farthest from the central business districts of Belapur, Nerul and Vashi. Due to its proximity to the port, this node is ideal for port-based industries.

Vashi
Vashi is a residential and commercial node in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, across the Thane Creek of the Arabian Sea on the outskirts of Mumbai. Vashi is named after the largest village present in Vashi Node.
Drill a Hole in That Substrate and Tell Me What You See
Drill a Hole in That Substrate and Tell Me What You See is an album by Jim White, released in 2004. The co-vocals on "Static on the Radio" are by Aimee Mann.

The opening track of the album, "Static on the Radio," was used on the ending credits for El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie.

The album was reissued as a Deluxe Edition for its 20th anniversary, on April 4, 2024, including 2LP, CD, and digital formats. The reissue contained three additional tracks that had not previously been released on the original standard album.

The Sadies
The Sadies are a Canadian rock and roll / country and western band from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Travis Good, Sean Dean and Mike Belitsky. Dallas Good, a founding member, died in 2022.  Dallas and Travis are the sons of Margaret and Bruce Good, and nephews of Brian and Larry Good, who are members of the Canadian country group The Good Brothers.
Mary Lewis (soprano)
Mary Sybil Kidd Maynard Lewis (January 7, 1900 – December 31, 1941) was an American lyric soprano and actress who had an active performance career in musicals, operas, vaudeville, and in film during the first half of the twentieth century. After beginning her career as a chorus girl in 1919, she was signed by the Christie Film Company to star in a series of comedic silent films made in 1920; most notably A Bashful Bigamist (released 1921). She later appeared in the Vitaphone Varieties, some of the earliest sound films made by Warner Bros., in 1926. Her first major stage role was as a featured singer in the Broadway musical revue Ziegfeld Follies of 1921. In 1923 her career reoriented towards opera, beginning with her opera debut at Vienna State Opera. After performing in European opera houses for a few years, she returned to the United States to join the roster of leading sopranos at the Metropolitan Opera in 1925 where she remained committed through 1930.

Faust (opera)
Faust is a grand opera in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré from Carré's play Faust et Marguerite, in turn loosely based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust, Part One. It debuted at the Théâtre Lyrique on the Boulevard du Temple in Paris on 19 March 1859, with influential sets designed by Charles-Antoine Cambon and Joseph Thierry, Jean Émile Daran, Édouard Desplechin, and Philippe Chaperon.
Altos Computer Systems
Altos Computer Systems was founded in 1977 by David G. Jackson and Roger William Vass Sr. It focused on small multi-user computers, starting with multi-user derivatives of CP/M, and later including Unix and Xenix-based machines. In its 1982 initial public offering on NASDAQ, the company raised $59M. Thereafter the company's stock was traded under the symbol ALTO.

Coming under increasing pressure from competitors in the server market, such as Compaq and Sun Microsystems, Altos posted a $5M loss (its first ever) in the fiscal year ending in June, 1989. In the aftermath, Altos was acquired by Acer in 1990 for $94M, although mostly for its US distribution channels rather than its technology. Shortly before this acquisition, there were about 128,000 Altos systems installed throughout the world.

UNIX System V
UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4. System V Release 4 (SVR4) was commercially the most successful version, being the result of an effort, marketed as Unix System Unification, which solicited the collaboration of the major Unix vendors. It was the source of several common commercial Unix features. System V is sometimes abbreviated to SysV.

As of 2026, the AT&T-derived Unix market is divided between three System V variants: IBM's AIX, Oracle's Solaris, and the free-software illumos forked from OpenSolaris.
Light dressed state
In the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical science, the term light dressed state refers to a quantum state of an atomic or molecular system interacting with a laser light
in terms of the Floquet picture, i.e. roughly like an atom or a molecule plus a photon. The Floquet picture is based on the Floquet theorem in differential equations with periodic coefficients.

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
Thenkasipattanam
Thenkasipattanam (transl. Thenkasi Town) is a 2000 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film written and directed by Rafi Mecartin, produced by  Lal, and starring Suresh Gopi, Lal and Dileep as male leads and Samyuktha Varma, Geethu Mohandas and Kavya Madhavan as female leads with Salim Kumar and Spadikam George in supporting roles.

Lal (actor)
M. P. Michael (born 2 December 1958), better known by his stage name Lal, is an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, producer and distributor who predominantly works in Malayalam and Tamil films and in a few Telugu films. Lal has won several awards, including a National Film Award – Special Mention for acting (2012), two Kerala State Film Awards for Best Actor (2008, 2013), and a Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam (2008). He is the owner of Lal Media Arts, a post-production studio.
Rafael Andrade Navarrete
Rafael Andrade Navarrete (February 25, 1856, Ardales – June 21, 1928) was a Spanish politician and lawyer.

He was Minister of Public instruction and Fine Arts during the reign of Alfonso XIII. As a member of the Conservative Party, he began his political career as a deputy for Teruel (province) in the elections of 1896, which he would retain in successive elections until 1920. In 1921 he was named as a senator. He was minister of Public Instruction between 25 October and 9 December 1915 and between 11 June and 3 November 1917 in individual governments presided over by Eduardo Dato. For some time he was also President of the Council of State of Spain.

Eduardo Dato
Eduardo Dato e Iradier (12 August 1856 – 8 March 1921) was a Spanish political leader during the Spanish Restoration period. He served three times as Spanish prime minister: from 27 October 1913 to 9 December 1915, from 11 June 1917 to 3 November 1917, and from 28 April 1920 until his assassination by Catalan anarchists. He also held eleven cabinet ministries, and was four times president of the Spanish Congress of Deputies.
Yair Farm
Yair Farm (Hebrew: חוות יאיר, romanized: Havot Yair) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, built as an illegal outpost in 1999 and legalized in 2021 by the Israeli government. Located near Nofim and Yakir, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. It is home to around 70 families.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Nofim
Nofim (Hebrew: נוֹפִים, lit. Views) is an Israeli settlement on the western edge of the northern West Bank. Located  adjacent to Yakir and about 30 km east of Tel Aviv, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,392.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.