hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Węgliniec–Görlitz railway
The Węgliniec–Görlitz railway is a double-track railway line connecting Węgliniec railway station in Węgliniec and Zgorzelec railway station in Zgorzelec, in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of south-west Poland, and continuing to Görlitz in German state of Saxony.

Except for the final kilometre between the border and Görlitz station, the line is operated by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe as line 278, with the border bridge across the Nysa Łużycka river belonging to line 274 (Wrocław Świebodzki – Zgorzelec). The corresponding timetable (SRJP) route has no. 260.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Control grid
The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode.  The control grid usually consists of a cylindrical screen or helix of fine wire surrounding the cathode, and is surrounded in turn by the anode.  The control grid was invented by Lee De Forest, who in 1906  added a grid to the Fleming valve (thermionic diode) to create the first amplifying vacuum tube, the Audion (triode).

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Chris Morris (footballer)
Christopher Barry Morris (born 24 December 1963) is a former professional footballer, who played as a defender for Celtic, Sheffield Wednesday and Middlesbrough, among others. Born in Cornwall, he played for the Republic of Ireland  national team at international level.

1987–88 Scottish Premier Division
The 1987–88 Scottish Premier Division season was won by Celtic, ten points ahead of Heart of Midlothian. Due to a league contraction to ten teams Falkirk, Dunfermline Athletic and Morton were relegated.
Embassy of South Korea, Lima
The Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the Republic of Peru (Korean: 주페루 대한민국 대사관, Spanish: Embajada de la República de Corea en la República del Perú) represents the permanent diplomatic mission of the Republic of Korea in Peru. It is located at 165 Guillermo Marconi Street, in San Isidro District, Lima.

The current South Korean ambassador is Choi Jong-uk.

San Isidro District, Lima
San Isidro is an upscale district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is located in the west center of the city, it has a few meters of coastline. Officially created on April 24, 1931, San Isidro, along with Orrantia and Country Club neighborhoods, was separated from Miraflores.

San Isidro has become a major financial quarter in recent years, as many banks and businesses left downtown Lima to set up their headquarters in modern office blocks. It is inhabited by mostly upper middle and upper-class families.
Ultra the Multi-Alien
Ultra the Multi-Alien (Ace Arn) is a science fiction superhero featured in comics published by DC Comics. He first appeared in Mystery in Space #103 (1965), pushing out Adam Strange and Space Ranger from that title. He was created by writer Dave Wood and artist Lee Elias.

Adam Strange
Adam Strange is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by editor Julius Schwartz, designed by Murphy Anderson, Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky. He first appeared in Showcase #17 (November 1958).

Adam Strange made his live-action debut in the television series Krypton, portrayed by Shaun Sipos. Additionally, Michael T. Weiss, Michael Trucco, and Brian Bloom have voiced the character in animation.
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, semi conductors, and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Pierre de Vieille-Brioude
Pierre de Vieille-Brioude (c. 1200 – after 1242, Margat Castle), or Vieille-Bride, was a nobleman from Auvergne who was the eighteenth Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller between 1240 and 1242, succeeding Bertrand de Comps. He was succeeded by Guillaume de Chateauneuf.

Richard of Cornwall
Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was an English prince who was King of the Romans from 1257 until his death in 1272. He was the second son of John, King of England, and Isabella, Countess of Angoulême. Richard was nominal Count of Poitou from 1225 to 1243, and he also held the title Earl of Cornwall from 1225. He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the Barons' Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners and assisted with the building of the citadel in Ascalon.
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) is a study describing the ongoing climate change in the Arctic and its consequences: rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, unprecedented melting of the Greenland ice sheet, and many impacts on ecosystems, animals, and people. The ACIA is the first comprehensively researched, fully referenced, and independently reviewed evaluation of Arctic climate change and its impacts for the region and for the world. The project was guided by the intergovernmental Arctic Council and the non-governmental International Arctic Science Committee. Three hundred scientists participated in the study over a span of three years.

The 140-page synthesis report Impacts of a Warming Arctic was released in November 2004, and the scientific report later in 2005.

The ACIA Secretariat is located at the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

International Arctic Research Center
The International Arctic Research Center, or IARC, established in 1999, is a research institution focused on integrating and coordinating study of Climate change in the Arctic. The primary partners in IARC are Japan and the United States. Participants include organizations from Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
South 10th Street
South 10th Street is a two-way street that runs south-north from Downtown into South Omaha, Nebraska. Beginning at Dodge Street, South 10th Street passes Gene Leahy Mall and borders the ConAgra Campus and the Old Market. Its southern reaches are widely regarded as the heart of Little Italy, and further south it was the center of the Old Gold Coast neighborhood. There were several other historically ethnic communities, as well.

Dodge Street
Dodge Street is the main east–west street in Omaha, Nebraska. Numbered as U.S. Route 6 (US 6) for most of its length, the street starts in Downtown Omaha and connects to West Dodge Road just west of 78th Street. From there, it continues westward through the remainder of Douglas County.
Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975
Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, deals with offensive behaviour "because of race, colour or national or ethnic origin"  in Australia. It is a section of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, which was passed by the Australian Parliament during the term of the Whitlam government and makes racial discrimination unlawful in Australia. Section 18C was added by the Keating government in 1995. The Section has been controversial and subject to much debate.

Racial Discrimination Act 1975
The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government. The Act makes racial discrimination in certain contexts unlawful in Australia, and also overrides state and territory legislation to the extent of any inconsistency.

The Act is administered by the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC).  The president of the commission is responsible for investigating complaints. If a complaint is validated, the commission will attempt to conciliate the matter. If the commission cannot negotiate an agreement which is acceptable to the complainant, the complainant's only redress is through the Federal Court of Australia or through the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia. The commission also attempts to raise awareness about the obligations that individuals and organisations have under the Act.
Colossal Biosciences dire wolf project
The Colossal Biosciences dire wolf project is a project by Colossal Biosciences with the goal of replicating the phenotype of the extinct dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus) by genetic engineering. As of 2025, they had produced three genetically modified gray wolves (Canis lupus) that survived beyond infancy, named Romulus, Remus, and Khaleesi.

The project has received criticism from independent experts for the animals being referred to as dire wolves, as Romulus, Remus, and Khaleesi cannot be equated to the original species.

Romulus and Remus
In Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus (Latin: [ˈroːmʊlʊs], [ˈrɛmʊs]) are twin brothers whose story tells of the events that led to the founding of the city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom by Romulus, following his fratricide of Remus. The image of a she-wolf suckling the twins in their infancy has been a symbol of the city of Rome and the ancient Romans since at least the 3rd century BC. Although the tale takes place before the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the earliest known written account of the myth is from the late 3rd century BC. Possible historical bases for the story, and interpretations of its local variants, are subjects of ongoing debate.
Bidiagonalization
Bidiagonalization is one of unitary (orthogonal) matrix decompositions such that U* A V = B, where U and V are unitary (orthogonal) matrices; * denotes Hermitian transpose; and B is upper bidiagonal. A is allowed to be rectangular.

For dense matrices, the left and right unitary matrices are obtained by a series of Householder reflections alternately applied from the left and right. This is known as Golub-Kahan bidiagonalization. For large matrices, they are calculated iteratively by using Lanczos method, referred to as Golub-Kahan-Lanczos method.

Bidiagonalization has a very similar structure to the singular value decomposition (SVD). However, it is computed within finite operations, while SVD requires iterative schemes to find singular values. The latter is because the squared singular values are the roots of characteristic polynomials of A* A, where A is assumed to be tall.

Householder transformation
In linear algebra, a Householder transformation (also known as a Householder reflection or elementary reflector) is a linear transformation that describes a reflection about a plane or hyperplane containing the origin. The Householder transformation was used in a 1958 paper by Alston Scott Householder.
Merit Network
Merit Network, Inc., is a nonprofit member-governed organization providing high-performance computer networking and related services to educational, government, health care, and nonprofit organizations, primarily in Michigan. Created in 1966, Merit operates the longest running regional computer network in the United States.

Gigabit Ethernet
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is the term applied to transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second. The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T, is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard. It came into use in 1999 and has replaced Fast Ethernet in wired local networks due to its considerable speed improvement over Fast Ethernet, as well as its use of cables and equipment that are widely available, economical, and similar to previous standards. The first standard for faster 10 Gigabit Ethernet was approved in 2002.
Dwight School London
Dwight School London is an independent co-educational international school in North Finchley and Friern Barnet areas of north London, United Kingdom. The school educates children from the ages of 2-18 and consists of the senior and primary schools plus has a nursery. It offers the International Baccalaureate programme at all levels. It is part of the Dwight global family of schools which have presences in New York, Dubai, Hanoi, Shanghai, and Seoul.

IB Primary Years Programme
The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme (PYP) is an educational programme managed by the International Baccalaureate (IB) for students aged 3 to 12. While the programme prepares students for the IB Middle Years Programme, it is not a prerequisite for it. The subject areas of the PYP are language, social studies, mathematics, science, technology, arts; personal, social and physical education. Students are required to learn a second language during the programme. Assessment is carried out by teachers according to strategies provided by the IB and concerning guidelines to what the students should learn specified in the curriculum model.
Dock Street Brewing Company
Dock Street Brewing Company is an independent craft brewing company with a 10,500 square foot brewpub and production brewery in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Philadelphia, PA, and a 1,000 square foot tasting room in the Fishtown neighborhood of Philadelphia. Established in 1985, it claims to be the first craft brewing company based in the Philadelphia area following Prohibition and one of the first in the country. The name Dock Street was chosen in honor of the seaport district of the same name in Philadelphia, which was the largest producer of beer in the then newly-formed United States in the late 1700s.

Philadelphia (magazine)
Philadelphia (also called "Philadelphia magazine" or referred to by the nickname "Phillymag", once called Greater Philadelphia) is a regional monthly magazine published in Philadelphia by the Lipson family of Philadelphia and its company, Metrocorp Publishing.
Kikorze
Kikorze [kiˈkɔʐɛ] (German: Kicker) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osina, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Osina, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 38 km (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has an approximate population of 260.

Osina, Goleniów County
Osina [ɔˈɕina] (German: Schönhagen) is a village in Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Osina. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Goleniów and 36 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
Kansas City–style barbecue
Kansas City–style barbecue is a slowly smoked meat barbecue originating in Kansas City, Missouri in the early 20th century. It has a thick, sweet sauce derived from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes. Henry Perry is credited as its originator, as two of the oldest Kansas City–style barbecue restaurants still in operation trace their roots back to Perry's pit.

Smoked meat
Smoked meat is the result of a method of preparing red meat, white meat, and seafood which originated in the Paleolithic Era. Smoking adds flavor, improves the appearance of meat through the Maillard reaction, and when combined with curing it preserves the meat. When meat is cured then cold-smoked, the smoke adds phenols and other chemicals that have an antimicrobial effect on the meat. Hot smoking has less impact on preservation and is primarily used for taste and to slow-cook the meat. Interest in barbecue and smoking is on the rise worldwide.
History of the Rugby League World Cup
The Rugby League World Cup is an international rugby league tournament currently played every four years. The first tournament was held in 1954, hosted by France who had pushed for such a tournament to be approved. Since the first edition, 14 others have been held at sporadic intervals.

International Rugby League
The International Rugby League (IRL) is the global governing body for the sport of rugby league football. The IRL organises the Rugby League World Cup, the oldest international rugby World Cup, as well as the Women's and Wheelchair equivalent.

International Rugby Leagues headquarters are in London, England and is currently made of 32 members.

Founded as the Rugby League Imperial Board in 1927 by the Rugby Football League, French Rugby League Federation, Australian Rugby League Board of Control and the New Zealand Rugby League. In 1948 it became the  International Rugby League Board when its membership expanded and then the Rugby League International Federation between 1998-2020.

There are two regional associations affiliated to the IRL; the European Rugby League (ERL) and the Asia-Pacific Rugby League (APRL).
Vodňany
Vodňany (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvodɲanɪ] ⓘ; German: Wodnian) is a town in Strakonice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,400 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. The village of Křtětice within Vodňany is protected as a village monument zone.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Korea Lift College
Geochang Polytechnic College, also Keochang Polytechnic College, is a technical college located in Geochang County, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.  It is affiliated with the nationwide Korean Foundation for Polytechnic Colleges.   It first opened its doors in 1997.

Geochang County
Geochang County (Geochang-gun, Korean pronunciation: [kʌtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.  The Geochang International Festival of Theater, which was started in 1989, is renowned as the best play festival in Korea.  The District Office is located in Geochang-eup, and has jurisdiction over 1 eup and 11 myeon.
Burchell's courser
Burchell's courser (Cursorius rufus) is a wader in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. The name of this bird commemorates the English naturalist William John Burchell.

Native to Africa, Burchell's courser is a small, diurnal, and terrestrial bird that lives in the western parts of southern Africa. Although classed as waders, these are birds of dry open country, preferably semi-desert, where they typically hunt their insect prey (usually Harvester Termites) by running on the ground. It principally feeds off of insects and lives in open, short grasslands and burnt veld. It grows up to 22 cm (8.7 in) and on average weighs about 75 g (2.6 oz) as an adult.

Temminck's courser
Temminck's courser (Cursorius temminckii) is a bird in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. It is a wader which lives in sub-Saharan Africa. It is noted for laying its dark ash-black eggs in the burnt bushes and grass of the African savannah.
1930–31 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season
Huddersfield Town's 1930–31 campaign was a season that saw Town start a revival in form, which saw them finish in the top 5 thanks primarily to the emergence of 2 new striking talents, Joe Robson, who was bought from Grimsby Town following Alex Jackson's departure to Chelsea and Town's own young prodigy Dave Mangnall. The season is also noted for Town's biggest ever win in a league match, 10–1 over Blackpool in December.

Alex Jackson (footballer, born 1905)
Alexander Skinner Jackson (12 May 1905 – 15 November 1946) was a Scottish footballer who played for clubs including Dumbarton, Bethlehem Steel, Aberdeen, Huddersfield Town, Chelsea and Nice; he won the English Football League title with Huddersfield in 1925–26. Jackson received 17 international caps for Scotland over a five-year period, and was a member of the 1928 team that became known as the 'Wembley Wizards' after defeating England 5–1 in London, scoring three of those goals.
Joseph Stannard (American football)
Joseph Byron Stannard (February 6, 1872 – February 22, 1952) was an American college football player and coach and dentist. He served as the head football coach at Westminster College in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania in 1897 and Colgate University in 1899. Before coaching, Stannard played football first at Colgate under Spencer Ford and then at the University of Pennsylvania under George Washington Woodruff.

Stannard was born on February 6, 1872, in Linneus, Missouri, to Oscar and Francis Stannard. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and began practicing dentistry in Bloomington, Illinois in 1903. Stannard died on February 22, 1952, at St. Joseph Hospital in Bloomington, after a two-week illness.

George Washington Woodruff
George Washington Woodruff (February 22, 1864 – March 23, 1934) was an American college football player, rower, coach, teacher, lawyer and politician. He served as the head football coach at the University of Pennsylvania (1892–1901), the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (1903), and Carlisle Indian Industrial School (1905), compiling a career college football record of 142–25–2. Woodruff's Penn teams of 1894, 1895, and 1897 have been recognized as national champions. Woodruff was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1963.