hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Act.IL
Act.IL (also Act-IL) is a social networking service used by supporters of Israel to oppose online "anti-Israel content" such as the boycott, divestment and sanctions movement (BDS). Its activities were referred to as "an online propaganda campaign" and "a virtual situation room of pro-Israel experts".

Act.IL directed its users to "missions" to like, comment on, and share pro-Israel material on social media. It also asked users to flag, report, and respond to criticisms of Israel. Users were guided on how to respond, which might entail writing a reply using the provided talking points, or sharing or upvoting an allied comment. The app also provided users with ready-made memes promoting Israel's perspective for them to share. By completing missions users earned points, unlocked badges, and had their scores displayed on leaderboards.

Reichman University
Reichman University (Hebrew: אוניברסיטת רייכמן) is a private university located in Herzliya, a city in the northern Tel Aviv District of the central coast of Israel. It was founded in 1994 as the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC Herzliya, Hebrew: המרכז הבינתחומי הרצליה) private college, before being rebranded in 2021.

It receives no direct government funding, and in August 2021 became Israel's first private university.  There are only two private universities in Israel, Reichman and the College of Management Academic Studies.
Geography of Tanzania
Tanzania comprises many lakes, national parks, and Africa's highest point, Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m or 19,341 ft). Northeast Tanzania is mountainous, while the central area is part of a large plateau covered in grasslands. The country also contains the southern portion of Lake Victoria on its northern border with Uganda and Kenya.

Administratively, Tanzania is divided into 31 regions, with twenty-five on the mainland, three on Unguja (known informally as Zanzibar Island), and two on Pemba Island.

Mainland Tanzania
Mainland Tanzania refers to the part of Tanzania on the continent of Africa; excluding the islands of Zanzibar. It corresponds with the area of the former country of Tanganyika.

26 of Tanzania's 31 regions are located on the mainland.
Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay v. Union of India
Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay v. Union of India, WP (Civil) 1246/2020, also known as the Places of Worship Act case, is an ongoing litigation before the Supreme Court of India examining the constitutional validity of the Places of Worship Act, 1991, which prohibits the conversion of any place of worship and provides for the maintenance of the religious character of any place of worship. The lead petition, filed by advocate and BJP leader Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay, challenges the Sections 2–4 of the act arguing that the law infringes on religious freedom and constitutional secularism. The case has significant implications for several ongoing disputes over religious sites in India, including the Gyanvapi mosque in Varanasi and the Shahi Eidgah mosque in Mathura.

Gyanvapi Mosque
The Gyanvapi Mosque is a mosque located in Varanasi, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The site was originally an ancient Hindu temple of Shiva or Kashi Vishwanath, one of the twelve sacred Jyotirlingas. The mosque was constructed  in c. 1678 CE during the reign of the Muslim Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, a decade after he issued a royal decree (firman) in 1669 ordering the destruction of the ancient Hindu temple.

A comprehensive ASI survey found that the mosque was constructed on the remains of a pre-existing large Hindu temple. The present structure incorporates architectural components of the previous temple, with visible Hindu motifs and sculptures on its pillars. However, both Hindus and the Muslims claim the right to the land, and ownership is currently disputed.
The Doctor's Wife (Moore novel)
The Doctor's Wife is a novel by Northern Irish-Canadian writer Brian Moore, published in 1976 (by Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom, by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in the United States and by McClelland & Stewart in Canada). Shortlisted for the Booker Prize, it tells the story of Sheila Redden, a doctor's wife from Belfast, who takes an American lover eleven years her junior while in Paris. After a confrontation with her husband, she leaves both him and her new lover, and moves alone to London.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Oishi Kōgen Prefectural Natural Park
Oishi Kōgen Prefectural Natural Park (生石高原県立自然公園, Oishi Kōgen kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1955, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Aridagawa and Kimino. The park's central feature is the eponymous Oishi Plateau (生石高原).

Aridagawa, Wakayama
Aridagawa (有田川町, Aridagawa-chō) is a town located in Arida District, in central Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2021, the town had an estimated population of 25,940 in 10680 households and a population density of 74 persons per km². The total area of the town is 351.84 square kilometres (135.85 sq mi).
Pier Street, Perth
Pier Street is a street in the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It runs from St Georges Terrace to Wellington Street, continuing immediately north of the railway until Brisbane Street very close to where Brisbane Street meets Bulwer Street.

The street originally continued north as far as Perth Oval. The crossing with the Armadale/Thornlie railway line (just north of Wellington Street) was a site of regular accidents before it was closed.

In the 1840s, before the northern part of Perth Water was filled in to become what is now the Supreme Court Gardens, Pier Street extended south past St Georges Terrace as far as the Swan River.

In the 1930s the northern portion, on the northern side of the railway passing through Perth, had a range of notable businesses located in the blocks between the railway and Newcastle Street.  J. & E. Ledger was one such firm.

St Georges Terrace
St Georges Terrace (colloquially known as the terrace) is the main street in the central business district (CBD) of the city of Perth, Western Australia. It runs parallel to the Swan River and forms the major arterial thoroughfare through the CBD.

Its western end is marked by the Barracks Arch near Parliament House across the Mitchell Freeway. The eastern end joins Adelaide Terrace at the intersection with Victoria Avenue.
Serap Yazıcı
Serap Yazıcı (born 1963 in Ankara, Turkey) is a Turkish politician and academic of Constitutional Law. She was a member of a committee tasked with drafting a proposal for the new constitution of Turkey.

She was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from Antalya in the 2023 Turkish parliamentary election. Although she was member of the Future Party, she was elected from the Republican People's Party list. However, She resigned from the Future Party on February 22, 2025. She joined the AKP on February 23, 2025.

Future Party (Turkey)
The Future Party (Turkish: Gelecek Partisi, GP) is a political party operating in Türkiye, founded on December 12, 2019, under the leadership of Ahmet Davutoğlu. According to the party's bylaws, its official abbreviation is "Future Party." Its symbol is a sycamore leaf. It has four members in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. However, due to joint group efforts, all four are members of Yeni Yol. Its leader is Ahmet Davutoğlu.

The party supports the strengthened parliamentary system proposed by the country's opposition parties.
Eric Brook
Eric Fred Brook (27 November 1907 – 29 March 1965) was an English footballer who played in the outside left position. Brook was also an England international. He was a muscular player with 'one of the fiercest shots in pre-war football' and was a good penalty taker. Brook is regarded as one of Manchester City's and England's greatest ever players. He has been described 'as a brilliant roving
forward for Manchester City and England' and 'one of the great names of British football'.

1937 FA Charity Shield
The 1937 FA Charity Shield was the 24th FA Charity Shield, a football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by league champions Manchester City and FA Cup winners Sunderland, and was played at Maine Road, the home ground of Manchester City. Manchester City won the game, 2–0.
Sunny (1984 film)
Sunny is a 1984 Indian film directed by Raj Khosla. The film stars Sunny Deol, Amrita Singh, Sharmila Tagore, Waheeda Rehman and Dharmendra (special appearance). This is the first film where Dharmendra played on-screen father to his real life son Sunny Deol. Director Raj Khosla and actress Waheeda Rehman worked together after 26 years since their feud during the shooting of 1958 film Solva Saal.

Raj Khosla
Raj Khosla (31 May 1925 – 9 June 1991) was one of the top directors, producers and screenwriters in Hindi film industry from the 1950s to the 1980s.  He was known for bringing in "neo-noir" and style in Indian cinema, and also as a "women's director" because he showcased actresses at their best. He has given many successful films with Dev Anand. Starting his career under Guru Dutt, he went on to make hit films like, C.I.D. (1956), Woh Kaun Thi? (1964), Mera Saaya (1966), Mera Gaon Mera Desh (1971), Dostana (1980) and Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978), the last of which won the Filmfare Award for Best Film. His early background in classical music ensured that most of his films excelled in music. Khosla along with Guru Dutt and Vijay Anand were inspired by Alfred Hitchcock school of Mystery Suspense Thrillers.
Chery Tiggo 5x
The Chery Tiggo 5x (Chinese: 奇瑞瑞虎5x; pinyin: Qíruì Ruìhǔ 5x), also known in most global markets as the Chery Tiggo 4, is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Chinese automaker Chery Automobile since 2017. It is the fifth model of the company's Tiggo crossover product series.

Manila International Auto Show
The Manila International Auto Show is the Philippines’ biggest motor show in terms of visitor count, cars on display, and exhibitors. The show was previously known as The Manila International Motor Show.
Mary-Alice Waters
Mary-Alice Waters is a socialist and activist in the United States.

Waters became involved in Trotskyist politics at a young age, and joined the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in the fall of 1962 while a student at Carleton College in Minnesota.   She became the editor of their youth paper, Young Socialist, and the national secretary of the Young Socialist Alliance.

In the early 1980s, Waters, along with Jack Barnes and others in the SWP leadership, began to reject the label of "Trotskyism" and the theory of Permanent Revolution, in favour of building links with the Cuban Communist Party and Sandinista National Liberation Front.

In December 1968, she joined the editorial staff of The Militant and was named managing editor in 1969 and editor in chief in January, 1971.

Today, Waters is the President of the Pathfinder Press and the editor of New International magazine.  She has written a handful of books, published by Pathfinder, on political topics.

Jack Barnes (politician)
Jack Barnes (born 1940) is an American communist and the National Secretary of the Socialist Workers Party.

Barnes was elected the party's national secretary in 1972, replacing the retiring Farrell Dobbs. He joined the SWP in the early 1960s as a student at Carleton College in Minnesota and quickly became a leading member of the party's youth wing. From the 1990s to the present, Barnes has directed his party to support the governments of North Korea and Equatorial Guinea; has instructed the party to abstain from antiwar or anti-racist activism; and in January 2016 lent his support to the occupation of federal lands, in Oregon, by militia movement members.
Barnes was a key advocate of the party's "turn to industry" in the 1970s, its exit from the Fourth International in the 1980s, and its orientation towards the Cuban Communist Party in the 1990s.
Cass, Indiana
Cass is an unincorporated town in Cass Township, Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area; the United States Census Bureau delineated Cass as a census designated place in the 2022 American Community Survey.

A post office was established here in 1877, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1955.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
The Flower with the Petals of Steel
The Flower with the Petals of Steel (Italian: Il fiore dai petali d'acciaio, also known as The Flower with the Deadly Sting) is a 1973 Italian giallo film directed by Gianfranco Piccioli, starring Gianni Garko.

Giallo
In Italian cinema, giallo (Italian: [ˈdʒallo]; pl.: gialli; from giallo, lit. 'yellow') is a genre that often contains slasher, thriller, psychological horror, psychological thriller, sexploitation, and, less frequently, supernatural horror elements.

This particular style of Italian-produced murder mystery horror-thriller film usually blends the atmosphere and suspense of thriller fiction with elements of horror fiction (such as slasher violence) and eroticism (similar to the French fantastique genre), and often involves a mysterious killer whose identity is not revealed until the final act of the film. The genre developed in the mid-to-late 1960s, peaked in popularity during the 1970s, and subsequently declined in commercial mainstream filmmaking over the next few decades, though examples continue to be produced. It was a predecessor to, and had significant influence on, the later slasher film genre.
Abebe Aregai
Ras Abebe Aregai (Amharic: አበበ አረጋይ; 18 August 1903 – 17 December 1960) was an Ethiopian military commander who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 27 November 1957 until his death. He was a victim of the unsuccessful 1960 Ethiopian coup.

During the Italian occupation, he led a group of resistance fighters. They were collectively known as the Arbegnoch (lit. 'Patriots'), and operated in Menz. The British IWM labeled Abebe “one of the bravest men in the modern world.”

Kebur Zabagna
The Kebur Zebenya (Amharic: ክቡር ዘበኛ, romanized: kəbur zãbãňňya, lit. 'honorable guard') was the Ethiopian imperial guard. Also known as the First Division, this unit served the dual purposes of providing security for the Emperor of Ethiopia, and being an elite infantry division. It was not, however, part of the organizational structure of the Ethiopian regular army as it was part of the Zebagna, the Addis Ababa Guard. The Kebur Zabagna was based in Addis Ababa.
Dmitri Ivanenko
Dmitri Dmitrievich Ivanenko (Ukrainian: Дмитро́ Дми́трович Іване́нко, Russian: Дми́трий Дми́триевич Иване́нко; July 29, 1904 – December 30, 1994) was a Soviet theoretical physicist of Ukrainian origin who made great contributions to the physical science of the twentieth century, especially to nuclear physics, field theory, and gravitation theory. He worked in the Poltava Gravimetric Observatory of the Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine, was the head of the Theoretical Department Ukrainian Physico-Technical Institute in Kharkiv, Head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Kharkiv Institute of Mechanical Engineering. Professor of University of Kharkiv, Professor of Moscow State University (since 1943).

Vladimir Fock
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok; Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Фок) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.
1949 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Ted Schroeder defeated Jaroslav Drobný in the final, 3–6, 6–0, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships. Bob Falkenburg was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to John Bromwich.

1949 Wimbledon Championships
The 1949 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Criquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 20 June until Saturday 2 July. It was the 63rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam  of Year. Ted Schroeder and Louise Brough won the singles titles.

A record 25,000 spectators attended the opening day of the championships. Centre Court was fully restored and renovated for the championships in 1949, having suffered bomb damage during The Blitz in the Second World War. Women officiated as lines judges on Centre Court for the first time in 1949. The Men's Singles champion received the winners' trophy on Centre Court for the first time.
Yana Maksimava
Yana Maksimava (Belarusian: Яна Максімава; born 9 January 1989) is a Lithuanian-Belarusian heptathlete.  She was born in Vilnius, the capital of the then Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.  She is married to fellow Belarusian athlete Andrei Krauchanka. Amid the forced repatriation and subsequent defection of Belarusian sprinter Krystsina Tsimanouskaya at the Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 2021, Maksimava announced that she and her husband would also not be returning to Belarus and would seek asylum in Germany, where the couple trains.

TNT – Fortuna Meeting
The TNT – Fortuna Meeting is an annual track and field combined events meeting which takes place at Sletiště Stadium in Kladno, Czech Republic in mid-June. The event, which features a men's decathlon and a women's heptathlon, attracted an audience of 5000 in its inaugural edition in 2007 and saw world record holder Roman Šebrle win the men's competition with a total of 8697 points – the best decathlon performance that year. In 2010 the meeting was given IAAF World Combined Events Challenge status by the International Association of Athletics Federations.

The meeting director is Zdeněk Lubenský, a former Czech pole vaulter. A junior decathlon competition was introduced in 2010 and it was won by Czech athlete Adam Sebastian Helcelet.

It was renamed to TNT Express Meeting in 2013, and was last held in 2017.
Henri Curiel
Henri Curiel (13 September 1914 – 4 May 1978) was a Jewish-Egyptian communist activist. Born in Egypt, he led the Democratic Movement for National Liberation until he was expelled from the country in 1950. Settling in France, Curiel aided the Algerian Front de Libération Nationale and other national liberation causes, including in South Africa and Latin America. He was also involved in Israeli-Palestinian peace efforts. In 1978 he was assassinated in Paris; his murderer has never been identified.

Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-espionnage
The Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-espionnage ("External Documentation and Counter-Espionage Service"), abbreviated SDECE (French: [zdɛk]), was France's external intelligence agency from 6 November 1944 to 2 April 1982, when it was replaced by the Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE). It should not be confused with the Deuxième Bureau which was intended to pursue purely military intelligence.

Under the Fourth Republic the SDECE was subordinated to the President of the Council. From the onset of the Fifth Republic and until 1962, it was subordinate to Prime Minister Michel Debré and its resources largely dedicated to the Algerian War. Following the Mehdi Ben Barka affair, General Charles de Gaulle subordinated the service to the Ministry of Defence, and the service was gradually militarized.
Puka Pampa
Puka Pampa (Quechua puka red, pampa plain, "red plain", also spelled Pucapampa) is a mountain in the northern part of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 m (14,436 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Corongo Province, Cusca District.

Cordillera Blanca
The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "white range") is a mountain range in Peru that is part of the larger Andes range and extends for 200 kilometres (124 mi) between 8°08' and 9°58'S and 77°00' and 77°52'W, in a northwesterly direction. It includes several peaks over 6,000 metres (19,690 ft) high and 722 individual glaciers. The highest mountain in Peru, Huascarán, at 6,768 metres (22,205 ft) high, is located there.

The Cordillera Blanca lies in the Ancash region and runs parallel to the Santa River valley (also called Callejón de Huaylas in its upper and midsections) on the west. Huascarán National Park, established in 1975, encompasses almost the entire range of the Cordillera Blanca.

Snowmelt from the Cordillera Blanca provides part of northern Peru with its year-round water supply, while 5% of Peru's power comes from a hydro-electrical plant located in the Santa River valley. The area of permanent ice cover shrank by about a third between the 1970s and 2006.
Mesopsychidae
Mesopsychidae is an extinct family of scorpionflies known from the Late Permian to Mid Cretaceous. It is part of Mesopsychoidea, a group of scorpionflies with siphonate proboscis. They are suggested to have been nectarivores, feeding off the liquid pollination drops and acting as pollinators for now extinct insect pollinated gymnosperms such as Bennettitales.

Haifanggou Formation
The Haifanggou Formation (simplified Chinese: 海房沟组; traditional Chinese: 海房溝組; pinyin: Hǎifánggōu zǔ), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (simplified Chinese: 九龙山组; traditional Chinese: 九龍山組; pinyin: Jiǔlóngshān zǔ), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou (simplified Chinese: 道虎沟; traditional Chinese: 道虎溝) village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China.

The formation consists of coarse conglomerates, sandstone, mudstone, and thin coal layers deposited in deltaic and lacustrine environments.

The formation dates to the Callovian of the Middle Jurassic to the Oxfordian of the Late Jurassic.

The most prominent locality of the Haifanggou Formation are the Daohugou Beds, located near the village of Daohugou in southeastern Inner Mongolia. Other localities include Wuhuaxigou, Chentaizi, Jiangzhangzi, Wubaiding, Guancaishan, Haifenggou, Fanzhangzi, and Zhuanshanzi.
Magnusy
Magnusy [maɡˈnusɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Wodzierady, 19 km (12 mi) north of Łask, and 29 km (18 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wodzierady
Wodzierady [vɔd͡ʑɛˈradɨ] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wodzierady. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Łask and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.