hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Bodin
Jean Bodin (/boʊˈdæn/; French: [ʒɑ̃ bɔdɛ̃]; c. 1530 – 1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He seemed to be a nominal Catholic throughout his life but was critical of papal authority over governments. Known for his theory of sovereignty, he favoured the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife.

Towards the end of his life he wrote a dialogue among different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology in which all agreed to coexist in concord, but was not published. He was also an influential writer on demonology, as his later years were spent during the peak of the early modern witch trials.

Ramism
Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic, and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher, and Huguenot convert, who was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572.

According to British historian Jonathan Israel:

"[Ramism], despite its crudity, enjoyed vast popularity in late sixteenth-century Europe, and at the outset of the seventeenth, providing as it did a method of systematizing all branches of knowledge, emphasizing the relevance of theory to practical applications [...]"
2025 Women's PGA Championship
The 2025 KPMG Women's PGA Championship was the 71st Women's PGA Championship. It was played June 19–22 on the Fields Ranch East course at PGA Frisco in Frisco, Texas, a suburb north of Dallas. It was the first time the Fields Ranch East course hosted a LPGA major; it hosted the KitchenAid Senior PGA Championship, a senior men's major, in 2023.

The PGA Championship was the third of five major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2025 season.

Minjee Lee won by three strokes over Auston Kim and Chanettee Wannasaen. It was Lee's third major championship win.

2025 LPGA Tour
The 2025 LPGA Tour is the 76th edition of the LPGA Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. The season began at the Hilton Grand Vacations Tournament of Champions, in Orlando, Florida on January 30, and will end on November 23, at the Tiburón Golf Club in the CME Group Tour Championship in Naples, Florida. The tournaments were sanctioned by the United States-based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA).

The 2025 season saw 29 non-repeat winners, with 43 players making over $1,000,000 (both LPGA records). Jeeno Thitikul won three times on her way to winning Player of the Year and would break her own single-season earnings record she set in 2024 ($7,578,300) by winning the CME Group Tour Championship for the second consecutive year. Thitikul also won the Vare Trophy with the lowest scoring average in a single season surpassing Annika Sörenstam (2002).
Kładno
Kładno [ˈkwadnɔ] (German: Kaltenhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Będzino, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Będzino, 23 km (14 mi) west of Koszalin, and 122 km (76 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Będzino
Będzino [bɛnˈd͡ʑinɔ] is a village in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Będzino. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) west of Koszalin and 128 km (80 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I around 967. Following the fragmentation of Poland, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. From the 18th century, it formed part of Prussia. From 1871, it was part of Germany until the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. In 1945 the area was reintegrated back into Poland.
Linköping Municipality
Linköping Municipality (Swedish: Linköpings kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. With more than 165,000 inhabitants, it is the fifth largest municipality in Sweden.

The municipality is bordered in the west by Motala, and thence clockwise by Finspång, Norrköping, Söderköping, Åtvidaberg, Kinda, Boxholm and Mjölby municipalities.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 by the amalgamation of the City of Linköping with five surrounding rural municipalities. The number of original local government entities (as of 1863) making up Linköping Municipality is 32.

Linköping is one of the few municipalities in Sweden to style the speaker of the assembly as mayor.

Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plan to become a carbon neutral community by 2025.

Norrköping Municipality
Norrköping Municipality (Swedish: Norrköpings kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Norrköping, with some 90,000 inhabitants. It is the largest municipality in Östergötland.

By the time of the local government reform of 1971 the City of Norrköping was amalgamated with the rural municipality of Skärblacka forming a new municipality of unitary type. In 1974 Vikbolandet was added. The number of original local government units (as of 1863) which are in the present municipality is 26.
SDSS J113706.18−033737.1
SDSS J113706.18−033737.1 (PGC 125758) is a dwarf starburst galaxy with a mass of 100 million times the mass of the sun. This galaxy is located 395 million light years away from earth. It is currently undergoing a burst of stellar formation forming 0.5 solar masses a year.

Starburst galaxy
A starburst galaxy is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies.

For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M☉/yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M☉/yr or more. While many main-sequence galaxies use up their molecular gas reservoir in 1-2 Gyr, the high rate of star formation in starbursts can deplete all of their star-forming material in scales of 0.1 Gyr - much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution. The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82, NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10.
1986 European Weightlifting Championships
The 1986 European Weightlifting Championships were held in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany from May 6 to May 11, 1986. This was the 65th edition of the event. There were 127 men in action from 22 nations.

European Weightlifting Championships
European Weightlifting Championships is an annual event organised by the European Weightlifting Federation (EWF). It has been held since 1896. A separate event for women was held from 1988 to 1997, after which both championships have been held as one event.
Skjelbred
Skjelbred is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bjørn Bolstad Skjelbred (born 1970), Norwegian composer, arranger, improviser, and teacher

Per Ciljan Skjelbred (born 1987), Norwegian footballer

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
HIP 67522
HIP 67522 is a G-type main sequence star located at a distance of 407 light-years (125 parsecs) away in the constellation of Centaurus. Its visual magnitude of 9.8 makes it much too faint to be seen by the unaided eye. It is slightly larger than the Sun (1.38 R☉) but cooler (5,675 K versus 5,772 K for the Sun). It is also very young being only around 17 million years old. It has two exoplanets orbiting it.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Oroville–Thermalito Complex
The Oroville–Thermalito Complex is a group of reservoirs, structures, and facilities located in and around the city of Oroville in Butte County, California. The complex serves not only as a regional water conveyance and storage system, but is the headwaters for, and therefore perhaps is the most vital part of, the California Department of Water Resources' State Water Project, as one of the largest publicly built and operated water and power development and conveyance systems.

Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Legends of Catherine the Great
During and after the reign of the Empress Catherine II of Russia, whose long rule led to the modernisation of the Russian Empire, many urban legends arose, some based on true events, concerning her sexual behaviour.

Catherine had about 22 male lovers throughout her life, some of whom would reap political benefits from their relationship with her, and many of whom were relatively younger. In addition to her sexual relationships, her multiple relationships with Russian nobles, allegations of her being a nymphomaniac or a libertine, rumours that she liked to collect erotic furniture, and an atmosphere of palace intrigue cultivated by her son Paul I of Russia, led to unflattering portrayals of Catherine.

Some called her the "Messalina of the Neva", while others termed her a nymphomaniac. There is also a legend that she died while having sex with a horse.

Urban legend
Urban legend (sometimes modern legend, urban myth, or simply legend) is a genre of folklore concerning stories about an unusual (usually scary) or humorous event that many people believe to be true but largely are not.

These legends can be entertaining but often concern mysterious and troubling events, such as disappearances and strange objects or entities. Urban legends may confirm moral standards, reflect prejudices, or be a way to make sense of societal anxieties.

In the past, urban legends were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile news apps, e-mail, and most often, social media.  Some urban legends have passed through the years/decades with only minor changes, in where the time period takes place. Generic urban legends are often altered to suit regional variations, but the lesson or moral generally remains the same.
Backless dress
A backless dress is a style of women's clothing designed to expose the wearer's back. The back may be either partially exposed with a low cut or fully exposed with the use of strings. A backless dress is most commonly worn on formal occasions or as evening wear or as wedding dresses and can be of any length, from a miniskirt-length to floor-length. Other backless styles include backless swimsuits and tops, such as a halter top.

Wedding dress
A wedding dress or bridal gown is the dress worn by the bride during a wedding ceremony. The color, style and ceremonial importance of the gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants. Wedding dresses hold a significant place in fashion, symbolizing personal expression, and cultural traditions, and societal values. In Western culture, the wedding dress is most commonly white, a fashion made popular by Queen Victoria when she married in 1840. In Eastern cultures, brides often choose red to symbolize auspiciousness. These wedding dresses often represent a blend of heritage and contemporary trends, making them a pivotal aspect of bridal fashion and a reflection of  evolving style in society.
Doresópolis
Doresópolis is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 1,533 people living in a total area of 153 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Oeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Piumhi. It became a municipality in 1962.

Setubinha
Setubinha is a  municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.  As of 2020 the population was 12,378 in a total area of 536 km2 (207 sq mi). The elevation is 729 metres. It is part of the Immediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni.

The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, with the main crops being coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and corn.  As of 2005 there were no hospitals and 3 public health clinics.  In 2006 there were 14 primary schools and 2 middle schools.
Yvette Berry
Yvette Simone Berry (born 1 August 1968) is an Australian politician and Deputy Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory. She has been a Labor Party member for the seat of Ginninderra in the ACT Legislative Assembly since the 2012 ACT election. Berry is the daughter of Wayne Berry who was a Member of the ACT Assembly for Ginninderra from 1989 to 2008, Deputy Chief Minister from 1991 to 1994, Opposition Leader from 1997 to 1998 and Speaker from 2001 to 2008. Berry is the first family member of a current or previous member to be elected to the ACT assembly.

Leader of the Opposition (Australian Capital Territory)
The leader of the opposition of the Australian Capital Territory, is an official role usually occupied by the leader of the second largest party or coalition in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly.
Fritz Zwicky
Fritz Zwicky (/ˈtsvɪki/; German: [ˈtsvɪki]; February 14, 1898 – February 8, 1974) was a Swiss astronomer. He worked most of his life at the California Institute of Technology in the United States of America, where he made many important contributions in theoretical and observational astronomy. He was the first to propose supernovas as giant explosions at the end of a star's life, and neutron stars as the remnants left over after supernovas. In 1933, Zwicky was the first to use the virial theorem to postulate the existence of unseen dark matter, describing it as "dunkle Materie".

Schmidt camera
A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations.  The design was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1930.

Some notable examples are the Samuel Oschin telescope (formerly Palomar Schmidt), the UK Schmidt Telescope and the ESO Schmidt; these provided the major source of all-sky photographic imaging from 1950 until 2000, when electronic detectors took over. A recent example is the Kepler space telescope exoplanet finder.

Other related designs are the Wright camera and Lurie–Houghton telescope.
2013 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for Women
The 2013 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for Women was the 30th edition of the European Under-18 Women's Basketball Championship. 16 teams featured in the competition, held in Vukovar and Vinkovci, Croatia, from 15 to 25 August 2013.

FIBA U18 Women's EuroBasket
The FIBA U18 Women's EuroBasket is the new name for the FIBA U18 Women's European Championship, originally known as the FIBA European Championship for Junior Women. It's a women's youth basketball competition that was inaugurated with the 1965 edition. The current champions are Spain, having beaten Finland in the 2025 final.
2023 in the Philippines
2023 in the Philippines details notable events that occurred in the Philippines in 2023.

On July 21, 2023, President Bongbong Marcos announced that the government will formally lift the COVID-19 state of public health emergency, marking the end of the three years of the pandemic. The emergency was officially lifted the following day.

Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP; Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the national police force of the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Currently, it has approximately 228,000 personnel to police a population in excess of 100 million.

The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.
El Biar
El Biar (from Arabic "الأبيار", meaning "The Wells") is a suburb of Algiers, Algeria. It is located in the administrative constituency of Bouzaréah in the Algiers Province. As of the 1998 census, it has a population of 52,582 inhabitants. The suburb's postal code is 16030 and its municipal code is 1610.

Algiers Province
Algiers Province (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر, romanized: Wilāyat al-Jazāʾir, pronounced [wilaːjat ald͡ʒazaːʔir]; French: wilaya d'Alger) is a province (wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, Algiers, which is also the national capital. It is the most populated province of Algeria, and also the smallest by area.

In 1984, Boumerdès Province and Tipaza Province were carved out of its territory.
Astrocaryum alatum
Astrocaryum alatum is a species of palm with edible nuts, a flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is a common species found many types of rainforests and swamps in Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama.

It is locally known as the coquillo or coquito in Costa Rica.

Buttress root
Buttress roots, also known as plank roots or stilt roots, are large, wide roots on all sides of a shallowly rooted tree. Typically, they are found in nutrient-poor tropical forest soils that may not be very deep. They may prevent the tree from falling over, hence the name buttress.

Buttresses are tension elements, being larger on the side away from the stress of asymmetrical canopies. The roots may intertwine with buttress roots from other trees and create an intricate mesh, which may help support trees surrounding it. They can grow up to 9 metres (30 ft) tall, spread for 30 m (98 ft) above the soil, and then continue another 30 metres horizontally below ground level. When the roots spread horizontally, they are able to cover a wider area for collecting nutrients. They stay near the upper soil layer because all the main nutrients are found there.
Oncofertility
Oncofertility is a subfield that bridges oncology and reproductive research to support fertility preservation in cancer survivors.  Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, may reduce or destroy a person's ability to have children later in life.  Oncofertility also encompasses reproductive issues after cancer treatment, such as family planning, complex contraception, hormonal management throughout survivorship, surrogacy, and adoption.  As of 2024, oncofertility services are available in most countries outside of Africa.

About 10% of people being treated for cancer are younger than age 40 at the time of diagnosis.  As cancer death rates decrease, the preservation of fertility in younger people becomes important to their post-treatment life plans. Preserving fertility prior to cancer treatment can provide hope at the time of diagnosis for families.

Semen cryopreservation
Semen cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking or sperm freezing) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells. Semen can be used successfully indefinitely after cryopreservation. It can be used for sperm donation where the recipient wants the treatment in a different time or place, or as a means of preserving fertility for men undergoing vasectomy or treatments that may compromise their fertility, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. It is also often used by trans women prior to medically transitioning in ways that affect fertility, such as feminizing hormone therapy and orchiectomies.
Die So Fluid
Die So Fluid are an English hard rock band formed in London in 2000. The group consists of three members: songwriter Grog (vocals, bass), Drew Richards (guitar) and Justin Bennett (drums). Al Fletcher played drums and performed backing vocals until his death in 2016. They have released five albums, the first two being Spawn of Dysfunction and Not Everybody Gets a Happy Ending. The third album, The World Is Too Big for One Lifetime, was released in the UK in June 2010. The fourth album, The Opposites of Light, was released on 5 May 2014. Fifth album One Bullet from Paradise was released in August 2017 after a pre-order campaign launched at PledgeMusic . In June 2024 the band announced they would be releasing a sixth studio album entitled Skin Hunger.

Sanctuary Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is, as of 2013, a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest music management company in the world. It was also the world's largest independent owner of music intellectual property rights, with over 160,000 songs.
Fozizhuang Township
Fozizhuang Township (Chinese: 佛子庄乡; pinyin: Fúzizhuāng Xiāng) is a township situated in northern part of Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Datai Subdistrict and Yongding Town in the north; Tanzhesi, Hebei Towns and Xiangyang Subdistrict in the east; Zhoukoudian Town, Nanjiao and Xiayunling Townships in the south; Shijiaying and Da'anshan Townships in the west. As of 2020, its census population was 6,183.

This area first became a village during the Yuan dynasty. The name Fozizhuang (Chinese: 佛子庄; lit. 'Buddha Villa') was given for the buddha statue on village gate when it was founded.

Hebei, Beijing
Hebei Town (Chinese: 河北镇; pinyin: Héběi Zhèn) is a town under the administration of Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Tanzhesi Town to its north, Qinglonghu Town to its east, Dongfeng and Xiangyang Subdistricts to its south, and Fozizhuang Town to its west. As of 2020, it had a total population of 18,895.