hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Woodford County High School (Kentucky)
Woodford County High School is a public high school located in Versailles, Kentucky. Since 1963, it has been the one of the only two public high schools in Woodford County, serving grades 9–12. Beginning in 2021, an alternative, online instruction high school now exists, Woodford Virtual Learning Academy (WVLA). Students may opt for a hybrid environment or a virtual environment.

Versailles, Kentucky
Versailles is a home rule-class city in Woodford County, Kentucky, United States. It lies 13 miles (21 kilometers) by road west of Lexington and is part of the Lexington-Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area. Versailles has a population of 10,534 according to 2024 census estimates. It is the county seat of Woodford County. The city's name is pronounced /vərˈseɪlz/ vər-SAYLZ, an anglicization different from the French pronunciation of the royal city of the same name near Paris.
1992 South African Open (tennis)
The 1992 South African Open, also known by its sponsored name Panasonic South African Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 87th edition of the South African Open and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It took place in Johannesburg, South Africa from 30 March through 5 April 1992.

It was the first time that the tournament had been held since 1989. Aaron Krickstein won the singles title and in an all-South African doubles final, Pieter Aldrich and Danie Visser overcame Wayne Ferreira and Pieter Norval.

1992 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation, ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
The Kindly Ones (Littell novel)
The Kindly Ones (French: Les Bienveillantes) is a 2006 historical fiction novel written in French by American-born author Jonathan Littell. The book is narrated by its fictional protagonist Maximilien Aue, a former SS officer of French and German ancestry who was a Holocaust perpetrator and was present during several major events of World War II.

The 983-page book became a bestseller in France and was widely discussed in newspapers, magazines, academic journals, books and seminars. It was also awarded two of the most prestigious French literary awards, the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française and the Prix Goncourt in 2006, and has been translated into several languages.

Pierre Nora
Pierre Charles Nora (French: [pjɛʁ ʃaʁl(ə) nɔʁa]; 17 November 1931 – 2 June 2025) was a French historian elected to the Académie Française on 7 June 2001. As editor at Éditions Gallimard, he established the Library of Social Sciences in 1966 and the Library of Histories in 1970. He was director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences from 1977 for four decades.  Nora is known for having directed Les Lieux de Mémoire, four volumes focused on places and objects of remembrance which incarnate the national memory of the French, writing a new history (nouvelle histoire).
Chunhua, Changsha
Chunhua Town (simplified Chinese: 春华; traditional Chinese: 春華; pinyin: Chūnhuá) is a town in Changsha County, northeastern Hunan province, South Central China. It contains 12 villages and one community, and is located around 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of the county seat, at the boundary region between Changsha County and Liuyang City. Bordering towns are Lukou to the east, Lukou to the west, and Huanghua to the southwest; Chunhua also borders Yong'an (永安镇) and Shashi (沙市镇) of Liuyang City.

Shashi, Liuyang
Shashi Town (simplified Chinese: 沙市镇; traditional Chinese: 沙市鎮; pinyin: Shāshì Zhèn) is a rural town in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 67,700 and an area of 209.7 square kilometres (81.0 sq mi). It is surrounded by the towns of Gaoqiao and Jinjing on the north, Longfu Town on the northeast, Chunkou Town on the southeast, Lukou Town on the west, and the towns of Beisheng and Yong'an on the south.
Niuva
Niuva is a district in the western part of the city of Kuopio, Finland. It is well known as the historic Niuvanniemi mental hospital. In terms of land use, Niuva is mainly a field area around the hospital. The district has few settlements and services, located mainly in the hospital area. However, there is a Länsi-Puijo kindergarten along Suurmäentie. There is a beach on the shore of Lake Kallavesi, just south of the Niuva district in Puijonlaakso.

Puijonlaakso
Puijonlaakso is a district in the city of Kuopio, Finland. As the name implies, it is located right next to Puijo Hill and is a very green area. The area has about 6,400 inhabitants, many of whom are students.

The area includes the Puijonlaakso shopping center, nursing homes and the Hotel Savonia, in connection with which the tourism, nutrition and economics education unit of Savo Vocational College with Adult Education Center and Savonia University of Applied Sciences operates. Puijo Church was completed in 1977, as part of a larger parish center. Puijonlaakso also includes part of the University of Eastern Finland in Savilahti and the entire Kuopio University Hospital.
Ball head
A ball head is a metal or plastic apparatus placed on top of a tripod that increases stability and provides faster, more accurate rotation of the camera for the photographer. They are lighter than traditional three-way pan-tilt tripod heads. With fewer parts and a much simpler mechanism, ball heads are usually preferred by more advanced photographers.  They are usually quite expensive – most professional-quality heads are more than US$200, although some heads are available for less than $100.

Tripod
A tripod is a portable three-legged frame or stand, used as a platform for supporting the weight and maintaining the stability of some other object. The three-legged (triangular stance) design provides good stability against gravitational loads as well as horizontal shear forces, and better leverage for resisting tipping over due to lateral forces can be achieved by spreading the legs away from the vertical centre.
Variations with one, two, and four legs are termed monopod, bipod, and quadripod (similar to a table).
Quercus myrsinifolia
Quercus myrsinifolia is an Asian species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It has several common names, including bamboo-leaf oak, Chinese evergreen oak, and Chinese ring-cupped oak. Its Chinese name is 小叶青冈; pinyin: xiǎo yè qīng gāng, which means little leaf ring-cupped oak (literally translated as little leaf green ridge tree), in Japan it is called white oak (白樫, shirakashi; not to be confused with Quercus alba) and in Korea it is known as gasinamu (가시나무). It is native to east central and southeast China, Japan, Korea, Laos, northern Thailand, and Vietnam.  It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Strombocarpa tamarugo
Strombocarpa tamarugo, commonly known as the tamarugo, is a thorny evergreen  species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, subfamilia Mimosoideae. It is only found in northern Chile, particularly in the Pampa del Tamarugal, some 70 km (43 mi) east of the city of Iquique. This bushy tree apparently grows without the benefit of rainfall, and it is thought to obtain some water from dew. Studies indicate it is a hreatophyte; having deep roots that tap into ground water supplies. It also participates in hydraulic redistribution moving water from deeper levels to the upper and also reversing the process in times of severe drought.

Scattered stands of the trees have been cut down for firewood. The trees grow on saline soils that do not allow for other trees. The species is a valuable source of charcoal and lumber and the leaves and fruits are also food for goats. It has been planted in Spain.

Mimosoideae
The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates.  They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petals that are twice divided (valvate) in bud and with numerous showy, prominent stamens.

Recent work on phylogenetic relationships has found that the Mimosoideae form a clade nested with subfamily Caesalpinioideae and the most recent classification by The Legume Phylogeny Working Group refer to them as the Mimosoid clade within subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The group includes about 40 genera and 2,500 species.
George F. Good Jr.
George Franklin Good Jr. (September 16, 1901 – October 25, 1991) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of lieutenant general. Good is most noted for his service as commander of the Marine Defense Force of Funafuti during World War II and later as commanding general of Department of the Pacific.

Marine defense battalions
Marine Defense Battalions were United States Marine Corps battalions charged with coastal and air defense of advanced naval bases during World War II. They maintained large anti-ship guns, anti-aircraft guns, searchlights, and small arms to repel landing forces.
Notre Dame QuarkNet Center
The Notre Dame QuarkNet Center at the University of Notre Dame was established in 1999. QuarkNet is a nation-wide program that pairs university faculty with high school teachers and students to perform summer research related to physics, astronomy, chemistry, and biology. Along with Notre Dame, QuarkNet centers are sponsored by dozens of other universities. The Notre Dame QuarkNet Center is regarded as a flagship center for the program. The program was started by particle physicists associated with Fermilab in Illinois and CERN in Switzerland and has been sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the United States Department of Energy (DoE).

Marian High School (Indiana)
Marian High School (also known as Mishawaka Marian) is a Roman Catholic secondary school in Mishawaka, Indiana, in the United States, operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend. Marian was a top 50 school in 2005 noted on the Catholic High School Honor Roll. Marian High School holds a First Class commission from the Indiana State Department of Education and has been accredited by the North Central Association since early 1996. Marian received a letter grade of "A" for the 2013–2014 school year from the state. This is the third year that Marian has received this award.
Limfjordstunnelen
Limfjordstunnelen (The Limfjord Tunnel) is a Danish motorway tunnel which connects the highway in eastern Aalborg with the highway east of Nørresundby. Opened 6 May 1969, it was the country's first motorway tunnel. The tunnel measures 582 metres (1,909 ft) in length, and 27.4 metres (90 ft) in width.  Limfjordstunnelen comprises a 6-lane motorway, which is part of the E45. Comprising a segment of the North Jutland Motorway, it passes under the shallow sound of Limfjorden. It is one of three permanent links between Vendsyssel and Himmerland, the other two being Limfjordsbroen in central Aalborg and Jernbanebroen over Limfjorden, the railway bridge, slightly west of the city center. The tunnel has had several problems with water intrusion. This problem was discovered a few years after opening and was caused by improper sealing. In 1996–97, the tunnel was sporadically closed to traffic for rectification of the concrete and for reinforcement, which in turn was plagued by rust.

Jernbanebroen over Limfjorden
The Limfjord Railway Bridge (Danish: Jernbanebroen over Limfjorden) is a railway bridge carrying the Vendsyssel railway line across the Limfjord, a shallow sound separating the North Jutlandic Island from the rest of the Jutland Peninsula, between Aalborg and Nørresundby in North Jutland, Denmark.

The current bridge was inaugurated in 1938 and replaced an earlier bridge from 1879. It has a length of 403 metres (1,322 ft) and is a bascule bridge of steel truss design with nine spans. The bridge carries a single railway track which has a maximum authorized speed of 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph).
2006 Air Canada Cup
The 2006 Air Canada Cup was the fourth edition of the women's ice hockey tournament. It was held from January 5-7, 2006 in Ravensburg, Germany. The Canadian U23 national team won the tournament, finishing with a record of two wins and one loss over three games.

Ravensburg
Ravensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːvn̩sˌbʊʁk] ⓘ or [ˈʁaːfn̩sˌbʊʁk]; Swabian: Raveschburg) is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.

Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was a Free Imperial City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" (Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft) owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.

The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification.
Enrique Fernando
Enrique Fausto Medina Fernando Sr. (July 25, 1915 – October 13, 2004) was the 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. A noted constitutionalist and law professor, he served in the Supreme Court for 18 years, including 6 years as Chief Justice.

Chief Justice of the Philippines
Chief Justice of the Philippines (Filipino: Punong  Mahistrado ng Pilipinas) is the title of the person who presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and who is the highest judicial officer of the government. 
As of April 5, 2021, the position is currently held by Alexander Gesmundo, who was appointed by then president Rodrigo Duterte following the early retirement of his predecessor, Diosdado Peralta, in March 2021.

The position of chief justice is the oldest major governmental office continually held by a Filipino. Cayetano Arellano became the first chief justice on June 11, 1901, predating the presidency and vice presidency (established in 1935), the Senate (1916, or September 1, 1901 if counting the Taft Commission), and the House of Representatives (1907, as the Philippine Assembly).
2013 Internazionali di Tennis Castel del Monte
The 2013 Internazionali di Tennis Castel del Monte was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Andria, Italy between 18 and 24 November 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Meesai Madhavan
Meesai Madhavan (transl. Moustache Madhavan) is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by S. Ramu. The film stars debutant Ramana, Kutty Radhika of Iyarkai fame, Ilavarasu and S. V. Thangaraj. The film is produced by S. V. Thangaraj of Uvasree creations, which earlier produced Sundara Travels (2002). The film was a remake of the Malayalam film Kabooliwala (1994).

Iyarkai
Iyarkai (pronunciationⓘ, transl. Nature) is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by S. P. Jhananathan in his directorial debut. The film stars Shaam and Radhika. Arun Vijay—who at the time was known as Arun Kumar—makes a cameo appearance and Bollywood actor Seema Biswas plays a supporting role. Iyarkai marks the debuts of Radhika and Biswas in Tamil cinema.

Based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's short story "White Nights", the film revolves around a young woman who is unable to accept the love of a sailor because she is in love with a ship captain who was lost at sea. It was made on a budget of one crore (₹10,000,000). Vidyasagar composed the music for the film.

Iyarkai was released on 21 November 2003. Although the film was not successful at the box office, the film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 51st National Film Awards in 2004, and N. K. Ekambaram won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer.
Constant structure
In jazz, a constant structure is a chord progression consisting of three or more chords of the same type or quality. Popularized by pianists Bill Evans and Herbie Hancock, the combination of functional and nonfunctional chords provides cohesiveness while producing a free and shifting tonal center.

For example, the progression Fmaj7–A♭maj7–D♭maj7–G♭maj7–C13sus4 contains four major seventh chords (and one thirteenth chord), none of which are diatonic to the key of F major except the first.

In contrast, the vi–ii–V–I or circle progression from classical theory contains four chords of two or three different qualities: major, minor, and possibly a dominant seventh chord; all of which, however, are diatonic to the key. Thus diversity is achieved within a stable and fixed tonal center.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
History of urban planning
Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation and distribution networks.

The history of urban planning runs parallel to the history of the city, as planning is in evidence at some of the earliest known urban sites.

Richard Barry Parker
Richard Barry Parker (18 November 1867 – 21 February 1947) was an English architect and urban planner associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement. He was primarily known for his architectural partnership with Raymond Unwin.
Tax credit overpayment
In the tax law of the United Kingdom, tax credit overpayment occurs when a claimant (person filing taxes) has received more Working Tax Credit (WTC) or Child Tax Credit (CTC) than HMRC’s final end of year calculations awards them. This can be caused by official or claimant error or neglect, or simply because the provisional payments were based on out of date information. This article is solely about overpayment, not about details of the tax system as a whole.

Since the implementation of the Tax Credit Act 2002 (TCA 2002)  HMRC consider overpaid tax credit in the same light as unpaid income tax, and can use the full extent of their powers to pursue recovery (aka repayment)

Records for each completed year (all awards up to date and closed) show that one third of all tax credit claims have been overpaid. In fact 1/3 are also underpaid, and only 1/3 paid correctly on average.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
WMXD
WMXD (92.3 FM Mix 92.3) is a commercial radio station in Detroit, Michigan, owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  The station operates with 45,000 watts of power from an antenna located on the Cadillac Tower building in downtown Detroit. The studios and offices were housed for years at Detroit's Penobscot Building until November 2009, when they were moved to the Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia), studios in Farmington Hills.

WMXD programs an urban adult contemporary radio format. The music selection includes current R&B and classic soul along with an occasional old school hip-hop title. The station is licensed for HD Radio operations and formerly played old school hip-hop on its HD2 side channel.

Urban One
Urban One, Inc. (formerly Radio One) is an American media conglomerate based in Silver Spring, Maryland. Founded in 1980 by Cathy Hughes, the company primarily operates media properties targeting African Americans.

It is the largest African-American-owned broadcasting company in the United States, currently operating over 50 radio stations. The company also operates digital arm Interactive One, cable networks TV One & Cleo TV, and is a majority-owner of syndicator Reach Media.

As of 2014, it was the ninth-highest-earning African-American-owned business in the United States.
ISO 3166-2:TJ
ISO 3166-2:TJ is the entry for Tajikistan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Tajikistan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for one autonomous region, two regions, one capital territory and one district under republic administration.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is TJ, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Tajikistan. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
2014–15 Cyclo-cross BPost Bank Trophy
The BPost Bank Trophy 2014–2015 is a season long cyclo-cross competition which began on 12 October 2014 with the GP Mario De Clercq and will end on 7 February 2015 in Lille. In this season Oostmalle, that became an independent race this season, is replaced by Hamme, a former race in the Superprestige.

This edition follows the ranking system introduced the year before, using time instead of points.

Cyclo-cross Trophy
The Cyclo-cross Trophy (Dutch: Trofee veldrijden), also known as X²O Badkamers Trophy (Dutch: X²O Badkamers Trofee),  is a Belgian cyclo-cross racing series currently sponsored by X²O Badkamers (X²O Bathrooms). It is one of the three major season-long competitions in Cyclo-cross, the other two being UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup and Cyclo-cross Superprestige. Many races are held in the province of Antwerp with others being held across Belgium.
Progress Chapter 173: Stay Young & Invincible
The Chapter 173: Stay Young & Invincible was a professional wrestling event produced by Progress Wrestling. It took place on 17 November 2024, in Manchester, England at O2 Ritz.

Seven matches were contested at the event. The main event saw Boisterous Behaviour (Leon Slater and Man Like DeReiss) defeat Young Guns (Ethan Allen and Luke Jacobs).

Progress Wrestling
Progress Wrestling (stylized as PROGRESS) is a British professional wrestling promotion that was established in 2011 by comedian Jim Smallman, events and comedy promoter Jon Briley, and later, actor Glen Robinson (professionally known as Glen Joseph). The company is now co-owned by Lee McAteer, Martyn Best, and Matthew Buczek.