hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grevillea miniata
Grevillea miniata, commonly known as sandstone grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub or small tree with more or less oblong leaves and bright yellow to orange and bright red flowers with a yellow style.

Wunaamin Miliwundi Ranges
The Wunaamin Miliwundi Ranges (between 1879 and 2020 known as the King Leopold Ranges) are a range of hills in the western Kimberley region of Western Australia.

There are two conservation parks within the ranges, the Wunaamin Conservation Park (in Wilinggin land) and Miluwindi Conservation Park (in Bunuba land), both formerly part of the King Leopold Ranges Conservation Park.
Bayle Museum
The Bayle Museum is a local museum located in Bridlington, England.

The building it occupies, Bayle Gate (akak The Bayle)  was constructed in the 1100s and is a scheduled monument, although not much is known about its origins. The museum contains historical artefacts "showcasing Bridlington's illustrious history through interactive exhibitions". The building is Grade I listed.

Bridlington
Bridlington is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is on the Holderness part (Flamborough Head to the Humber estuary) of the Yorkshire Coast by the North Sea. The town is about 28 miles (45 km) north of Hull and 34 miles (55 km) east of York. The stream called Gypsey Race flows through the town and enters the North Sea at the harbour.

The Priory Church of St Mary and associated Bayle (or gate) are Grade I listed buildings on the site of an Augustinian Priory. As a sea-fishing port, the town is known for shellfish, and is the largest lobster port in Europe, with over 300 tonnes of the crustaceans landed there each year. It has been termed the "Lobster Capital of Europe". Alongside manufacturing, retail and service firms, its main trade is summer tourism. It holds one of the UK's coastal weather stations.
Johnathan Farquharson
Jonathan Farquharson (born February 3, 1993) is a Bahamian sprinter from Grand Bahama who mainly competes in the 100m. He attended Bishop Michael Eldon School and Orlando Christian Prep before competing for the Abilene Christian Wildcats.

He won double silver in the under 17 100m and the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2009 Carifta Games in Saint Lucia. He also won gold in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2008 Carifta Games in the Saint Kitts & Nevis. He competed at the IAAF World U18 Championships without making the final in the 100m respectively. He ran the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada.

CARIFTA Games
The CARIFTA Games is an annual athletics competition founded by the Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA). The games were first held in 1972 and consist of track and field events including sprint races, hurdles, middle distance track events, jumping and throwing events, and relays. The Games has two age categories: under-17 (under-18 until 2017) and under-20. Only countries associated with CARIFTA may compete in the competition.
Comparison of C Sharp and Java
This article compares two programming languages: C# with Java. While the focus of this article is mainly the languages and their features, such a comparison will necessarily also consider some features of platforms and libraries.

C# and Java are similar languages that are typed statically, strongly, and manifestly. Both are object-oriented, and designed with semi-interpretation or runtime just-in-time compilation, and both are curly brace languages, like C and C++.

Java virtual machine
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages, other languages referred to as JVM languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK.
2017 AFL Women's best and fairest
The 2017 AFL Women's best and fairest was the first year the award was presented to the player adjudged the best and fairest player during the AFL Women's (AFLW) home-and-away season. Erin Phillips of the Adelaide Football Club won the award with 14 votes.

AFL Women's best and fairest
The AFL Women's best and fairest is awarded to the best and fairest player in the AFL Women's (AFLW) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFLW. It is also widely acknowledged as the highest individual honour in women's Australian rules football.
1972–73 QMJHL season
The 1972–73 QMJHL season was the fourth season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The summer of 1972 saw the departure of the Saint-Jérôme Alouettes and the Verdun Maple Leafs from the league, reducing the circuit to eight teams. In an off-season lawsuit between the QMJHL and the OHA, the QMJHL gained a team, when the Montreal Junior Canadiens transferred leagues.

Michel Brière Memorial Trophy is first awarded to the league's most valuable player in honour of Michel Brière, who was killed in a car accident. Nine teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The Quebec Remparts finished first place in the regular season, and won the President's Cup, defeating the Cornwall Royals in the finals.

Gilles-Courteau Trophy
The Gilles-Courteau Trophy is awarded annually by the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League to the league's playoffs champion. On February 21, 2023, the President's Cup was renamed in honour of Gilles Courteau who announced his retirement as commissioner on December 16, 2022.
Expeditions: Viking
Expeditions: Viking is a squad-based tactical role-playing game developed by Logic Artists and released for Windows on April 27, 2017. The player takes the role of a Danish viking leading an expedition to Great Britain circa 790 AD. It is the second game in the Expeditions series, a sequel to Expeditions: Conquistador. The third game in the series, Expeditions: Rome, was released in 2022.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur (Badin politician)
Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024 and previously served in this position from August 2018 until August 2023.

NA-222 Badin-I
NA-222 Badin-I (این اے-222، بدين-1) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. The constituency was known as NA-224 (Badin-I) prior to 2018, the delimitation of 2018 changed it to NA-229 (Badin-I).
Mundathanam
Mundathanam is a place in Kangazha Village,  Changanassery Taluk and Kottayam District of Kerala State in India. It is located in eastern part of Kottayam district and adjacent to Pathanamthitta district. It is well connected to Changanacherry. 
Mundathanam is famous for almost all Christian denominations and their churches.

The nearest railway stations are Kottayam (29 km) and Changanacherry (26 km) and Thiruvalla (26 Km) and the nearest Airport are Cochin Airport (Nedumbassery )  (105 km) and (Thiruvananthapuram) Airport 
(Trivandrum) (143 Km) away and (12 Km) away from proposed Sabari International Airport.

Nearest places

Pathanadu 3 km

Kulathoormoozhi 4 km

Manimala 12 km

Karukachal12 Km

Kottayam 29 Km

Changanachery 26 Km

Mallappally 9 Km

Thiruvalla 26 Km

Kangazha
Kangazha is a panchayath and village in the Changanacherry Taluk of the Kottayam District of Kerala State in India. It is located 21 kilometers east of Kottayam and 10 kilometers north of Karukachal. It lies midway between the backwaters of Western Kerala and the misty mountains of the Western Ghats.
Achalinus werneri
Achalinus werneri, also known commonly as the Amami odd-scaled snake and the Amami Takachiho snake, is a species of snake in the family Xenodermatidae. The species is endemic to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.

Xenodermidae
Xenodermidae is a family of snakes native to East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. All species in the family Xenodermidae are small or moderately sized snakes, never more than 80 cm (31 in) but typically less than 55 cm (22 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive, probably nocturnal, and typically inhabit moist forest habitats. They seem to be opportunistic carnivores, preying on other vertebrates.

The correct spelling of the family name is Xenodermidae, not "Xenodermatidae".
Ñuñu Qullu (Sajama)
Ñuñu Qullu (Aymara ñuñu breast, qullu mountain, "breast mountain", also spelled Nunu Kkollu) is a 4,723-metre-high (15,495 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the north of the Turco Municipality. Ñuñu Qullu lies south-west of the mountain Yaritani, north-east of the volcanic complex of Asu Asuni and south-east of the mountains Chunkarani, Milluni and Pukarani.

Chunkarani
Chunkarani (Aymara chunkara pointed mountain, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a pointed mountain", Hispanicized spelling Chungarani) is a 5,076-metre-high (16,654 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, on the border of the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality and the Turco Municipality. Chunkarani is situated north-east of the volcanic complex of Asu Asuni.
Haleigh Washington
Haleigh Meridian Washington (born September 22, 1995) is an American volleyball player of the United States women's national volleyball team. Washington was an All-American middle blocker for the Penn State women's volleyball team, where she helped lead the team to the 2014 NCAA national championship. 
Washington won gold with the national team at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics.

Italian Women's Volleyball League
The Italian Women's Volleyball League Serie A1 (Italian: Lega Pallavolo Serie A Femminile), is the highest women's volleyball league in Italy. It is organized and administered by the Italian Volleyball Federation (FIPAV). It is considered one of the oldest women's top national leagues in European volleyball, being established in 1946, and its clubs have achieved significant success in the continental European club competitions.
Tumlong
Tumlong is a village in the Indian state of Sikkim in northeastern India. It is located in the Mangan sub division of North Sikkim district. it is on the bank of the Dik Chu river, a tributary of the Teesta River.

Tumlong was the capital of the Kingdom of Sikkim between 1793 and 1861. The Sikkim Chogyals had a palace here, and a summer palace in Chumbi in the Lower Chumbi Valley. There was route between the two locations via the Cho La pass. In 1861, the capital was moved to Gangtok in order to be closer to the Darjeeling district, which was under the administration of the British Raj.

Kingdom of Sikkim
The Kingdom of Sikkim (Classical Tibetan and Sikkimese: འབྲས་ལྗོངས།, Drenjong, Dzongkha: སི་ཀིམ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།, Sikimr Gyalkhab)  officially Dremoshong (Classical Tibetan and Sikkimese: འབྲས་མོ་གཤོངས།) until the 1800s, was a hereditary monarchy in the Eastern Himalayas that existed from 1642 to 16 May 1975, when it was annexed by India. It was ruled by Chogyals of the Namgyal dynasty.
Lahov Graben
Lahov Graben (pronounced [ˈlaːxɔu̯ ˈɡɾaːbən]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills southeast of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and belongs to the Parish of Jurklošter. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1545, but was entirely rebuilt in 1733.

Laško
Laško (pronounced [ˈláːʃkɔ] ⓘ; German: Tüffer) is a spa town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The town is located at the foothills of Hum Hill on the Savinja River. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1227 and was granted town privileges in 1927. It is known to have been settled since the Iron Age and Roman archaeological finds are common in the area, though the precise location of the Roman settlement is not known. Today the town is best known for its annual Festival of Beer & Flowers (Pivo - Cvetje) and the local Laško Brewery, the largest brewery in the country. In 2010, Laško was heavily affected by flooding. The town's coat of arms depicts three white fleurs-de-lis on a blue field.
1928 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1928 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the second series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Two matches were played between 12 February and 17 March 1928. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster and Munster.

Leinster entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 17 March 1928, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 2-02 to 1-02 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. This was their first Railway Cup title.

1927 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1927 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the inaugural series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Two matches were played between 26 November 1926 and 17 March 1927. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster and Munster.

Leinster were the inaugural winners of the Railway Cup after defeating Connacht in the semi-final and Munster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin on 17 March 1927.

Leinster's Din O'Neill was the Railway Cup top scorer with 5-04.
Matsugasaki Gymnasium
Matsugasaki  Gymnasium (松ケ崎体育館) is an indoor sporting arena located in Matsugasaki, Yurihonjo, Akita, Japan.  It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball and is practice home to the Prestige International Aranmare Akita that will play in the Women's Japan Basketball League.

Yurihonjō
Yurihonjō (由利本荘市, Yurihonjō-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 72,550 in 30,750 households, and a population density of 60 inhabitants per square kilometre (160/sq mi). The total area of the city is 1,209.59 square kilometres (467.03 sq mi).
Indo-Pacific languages
Indo-Pacific is a hypothetical language macrofamily proposed in 1971 by Joseph Greenberg and now believed to be spurious. It grouped together the Papuan languages of New Guinea and Melanesia with the languages of the Andaman Islands (or at least Great Andamanese) and, tentatively, the languages of Tasmania, both of which are remote from New Guinea. The valid cognates Greenberg found turned out to be reflexes of the less extensive Trans–New Guinea family. Recently the Kusunda language (and possibly other unclassificated languages), which is generally seen as a language isolate, is also included in the Indo-Pacific proposal. Greenberg did not include "Australian" in his original 1971 proposal.

Ese language
Ese is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. Although it is also known as Managalasi, which the Summer Institute of Linguistics regards as pejorative possibly because it is a corruption of Hiri Motu phrase meaning the equivalent of "know nothings", the term "Upper Managalasi" indicates Ömie, another member of Baraic languages. Dialects are Muaturaina, Chimona, Dea, Akabafa, Nami, Mesari, Averi, Afore, Minjori, Oko, Wakue, Numba, Jimuni, Karira. Perhaps 40% of speakers are monolingual.

It is spoken in the Kawawoki Mission area of Popondetta.
Crisis theory
Crisis theory, concerning the causes and consequences of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in a capitalist system, is associated with Marxian critique of political economy, and was further popularised through Marxist economics.

Andrew Kliman
Andrew Kliman (born 1955) is an American economist and professor of Economics. He is the author of several publications on Marxian economics. His book Reclaiming Marx's "Capital" defends the Temporal Single System Interpretation of Karl Marx's value theory against claims of inconsistency from neoclassical, neo-Ricardian, and other economists.
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23–24 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Michael Klim of Australia.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.

1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 10 at the NISHI Civic Pool.  The last champion was Danyon Loader of New Zealand.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.
CUAA Chinese university ranking
Universities Ranking of China released by CUAA (Chinese Universities Alumni Association, Chinese: 中国校友会网; CUAA.net) is a domestic university rankings in China. This ranking is operated by a commercial company instead of a registered organization, and is not recognized by the Chinese government or any higher education institution in China.

The initiation of the CUAA-Team of China University Evaluation can be traced back to the Research Group of Comparative Studies of Universities in Chinese Academy of Management Science founded in 1989. The Team has the longest history of consistent evaluation and study of Chinese universities with over 30 years. The alumni-related data considers notable politicians, academics at home and abroad, distinguished scholars in humanities and social sciences, and billionaires who graduated from Chinese higher education institutions after the 1952 reorganisation of the sector.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Carex rufina
Carex rufina is a species of sedge known by the common name snowbed sedge. It is native to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greenland, and northeastern Canada.

This species is a perennial herb growing up to 15 centimetres (6 in) tall. It has sheathed, grasslike leaves no more than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) wide. The lower spikes are female, while the terminal spike is gynecandrous. This inflorescence is often hidden in the leaves, which form a dense tussock. The species often reproduces clonally.

This sedge grows in alpine snowbed habitat. This ecosystem is sensitive to climate change, which causes a rise in the local temperatures and a loss of moisture in the normally wet substrates. Elimination of patches of snowbed causes habitat fragmentation. Drying and changes in the floral composition of the habitat make it less hospitable to the sedge. It has declined, leading to its listing as a near-threatened species in Norway.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
2012 Tashkent Challenger
The 2012 Tashkent Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tashkent, Uzbekistan between 8 and 14 October 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Goguryeo controversies
The Goguryeo controversies are disputes between China and Korea (North and South) on the history of Goguryeo, an ancient kingdom (37 BC – 668 AD) located in present-day Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula. At the heart of the Goguryeo controversy is which part of history the kingdom belongs to. Korean scholars have the viewpoint that Goguryeo is part of Korean history alone.

Nationalist historiography
Historiography is the study of how history is written. One pervasive influence upon the writing of history has been nationalism, a set of beliefs about political legitimacy and cultural identity. Nationalism has provided a significant framework for historical writing in Europe and in those former colonies influenced by Europe since the nineteenth century. Typically official school textbooks are based on the nationalist model and focus on the emergence, trials and successes of the forces of nationalism.
Turkish Karate Federation
Turkey Karate Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Karate Federasyonu, TKF) is the governing body for Karate in Turkey. It aims to govern, encourage and develop the sport for all throughout the country. Karate sport was governed in the 1970s under the Turkish Judo Federation. In 1980, the federation was renamed Judo and Karate. Finally, it became an independent organization in 1990. It is headquartered in Ankara. TKF is a member of the European Karate Federation (EKF).

The federation organizes the national Karate events, and European and World championships hosted by Turkey.

European Karate Federation
The European Karate Federation (EKF) is the governing body of competitive karate in more than 50 countries across Europe.  The EKF's stated goal is to promote, organize, regulate, and popularize the sport of karate. It is one of the five continental federations recognized by the World Karate Federation.

EKU (1966–1992) / EKF (from 1993)
Tantalum(V) iodide
Tantalum(V) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ta2I10. Its name comes from the compound's empirical formula, TaI5.  It is a diamagnetic, black solid that hydrolyses readily.  The compound adopts an edge-shared bioctahedral structure, which means that two TaI5 units are joined by a pair of iodide bridges. There is no bond between the Ta centres. Niobium(V) chloride, niobium(V) bromide, niobium(V) iodide, tantalum(V) chloride, and tantalum(V) bromide all share this structural motif.

Niobium(V) chloride
Niobium(V) chloride, also known as niobium pentachloride, is a yellow crystalline solid. It hydrolyzes in air, and samples are often contaminated with small amounts of NbOCl3.  It is often used as a precursor to other compounds of niobium.   NbCl5 may be purified by sublimation.