hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William MacDowall
William MacDowall or McDougall (died 1580) was a Scottish priest and Master of Works to Mary, Queen of Scots, her mother Mary of Guise, and James VI of Scotland. The title 'sir' was used in Scotland by a priest without a master's degree. The name appears variously as McDowgall, McDougall, McDowall etc., in printed records, he signed accounts MAKDOUELL.

Linlithgow Palace
The ruins of Linlithgow Palace are located in the town of Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland, 15 miles (24 km) west of Edinburgh. The palace was one of the principal residences of the monarchs of Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries. Although maintained after Scotland's monarchs left for England in 1603, the palace was little used, and was burned out in 1746. It is now a visitor attraction in the care of Historic Environment Scotland.
Louise Arseneault
Louise Arseneault FMedSci is a Canadian psychologist and Professor of Developmental Psychology in the Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre in the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London, where she has taught since 2001.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Micropterix maschukella
Micropterix maschukella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Sergei Alphéraky in 1870. It is found in Armenia and the Crimean Peninsula.

The wingspan is 6.8–8 millimetres (0.27–0.31 in) for males and 7.3–9.4 millimetres (0.29–0.37 in) for females.

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.
Tom Fiegen
Thomas Lewis Fiegen (born October 2, 1958) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician. He served in the Iowa State Senate from 2001 to 2003. He sought the Democratic nomination in the 2010 U.S. Senate election in Iowa but came in third against Roxanne Conlin who won the primary, with Bob Krause coming in second. Fiegen again sought the Democratic nomination in the 2016 U.S. Senate election in Iowa, repeating his third-place showing. Fiegen endorsed Bernie Sanders for President prior to Sanders' endorsement of fellow candidate Hillary Clinton.

Bob Krause (politician)
Robert A. Krause (born January 15, 1950) is an American politician and perennial candidate. He served in the Iowa General Assembly from 1973 until 1979. He has also served as Regional Representative for the US Secretary of Transportation during the Carter Administration, and on the Waterloo, Iowa school board.
2012 Alabama elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Alabama on November 6, 2012. Along with the presidential election, all of Alabama's seven seats in the United States House of Representatives and several state-level and local offices were up for election. Primary elections took place on March 13, 2012.

Alabama Public Service Commission
The Alabama Public Service Commission, commonly called the PSC, was established by an act of the Alabama Legislature in 1915 to primarily replace the State Railroad Commission.  The PSC's responsibility was expanded in 1920 to include regulating and setting rates that utility companies charge their customers for electricity.  The legislature expanded the PSC's responsibilities in later years to include those companies that provide gas, water, and communications, as well as transportation common carriers such as trucking and air carriers.  The PSC effectively determines the rate of profits that most of these companies are allowed to earn.  However, some of its traditional responsibilities have passed to the federal government with the passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1994 and the Federal Communications Act of 1996.
Bokkeveld Group
The Bokkeveld Group is the second of the three main subdivisions of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. It overlies the Table Mountain Group and underlies the Witteberg Group. The Bokkeveld Group rocks are considered to range between Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) to Middle Devonian (Givetian) in age.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Beach Pneumatic Transit
The Beach Pneumatic Transit was an early technology demonstrator for underground public transit in New York City. Running on pneumatic power, it was built by Alfred Ely Beach between 1869 and early 1870. The original terminus resided in the basement of the Rogers Peet Building in Lower Manhattan, near the old City Hall station. A one-car shuttle carried riders between the building and a dead end approximately 300 feet (91 m) away. Despite ambitious plans to construct stations along a five-mile route to Central Park, the project never expanded beyond the short demonstration track and closed in 1873.

Tunnelling shield
A tunnelling shield is a protective structure used during the excavation of large, human-made tunnels. When excavating through ground that is soft, liquid, or otherwise unstable, there is a potential health and safety hazard to workers and the project itself from falling materials or a cave-in. A tunnelling shield can be used as a temporary support structure. It is usually in place for the short term from when the tunnel section is excavated until it can be lined with a permanent support structure. The permanent structure may be made up of bricks, concrete, cast iron, or steel, depending on the period. Although modern shields are commonly cylindrical, the first "shield", designed by Marc Isambard Brunel, was actually a large, rectangular, scaffold-like iron structure with three levels and twelve sections per level, with a solid load-bearing top surface. The structure protected the men from cave-ins as they laboured within it, digging the tunnel out in front of the shield.
Antonio Francese
Antonio Francese (October 29, 1899 – June 5, 1979) was a Uruguayan Army general and politician who served as Minister of National Defense from 1967 to 1970 under President Jorge Pacheco Areco and briefly again in February 1973. His second term in office was marked by a significant challenge to his authority when the commanders of the Army and Air Force refused to follow his orders, a moment of defiance that foreshadowed the coup d'état of June 1973.

Jorge Pacheco Areco
Jorge Pacheco Areco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxoɾxe paˈt͡ʃeko aˈɾeko]; April 9, 1920 – July 29, 1998) was a Uruguayan politician and journalist and the 33rd president of Uruguay, serving from 1967 to 1972. Formerly the Vice President of Uruguay Pacheco became President after the sudden death of Óscar Diego Gestido. A member of the Colorado Party, Pacheco Areco had previously been a member of the National Representative from 1963 to 1967, before becoming the vice president.

Areco has been identified with right-wing politics, with one study has arguing that "By the late 1960s and early 1970s Colorado presidents such as Jorge Pacheco Areco and Juan Maria Bordaberry, while paying lip service to Batlle's ideals, led right-wing administrations."
Bacteriophage pRNA
Bacteriophage pRNA is a ncRNA element. During replication of linear dsDNA viruses, the viral genome is packaged into the pre-formed viral procapsid. The packaging of DNA into the procapsid requires a molecular motor, which uses ATP as energy to accomplish the energetically unfavorable motion.  In some bacteriophage, an RNA (pRNA) molecule is a vital component of this motor. Structural analyses of the packaging motor have demonstrated that the pRNA molecule has fivefold symmetry when attached to the prohead. The pRNA is thought to be bound by the capsid connector protein. Only the first 120 bases of the pRNA are essential for packing the viral DNA.  The pRNA is proposed to be composed of two domains, one corresponding to the first 120 bases and the second to the remaining 50 bases. Nuclear cleavage occurs in the single strand region linking these two domains.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Montanapis
Montanapis is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, containing the single species, Montanapis koghis. It was  first described by Norman I. Platnick & Raymond Robert Forster in 1989, and has only been found on New Caledonia.

Anapidae
Anapidae is a family of rather small spiders with 233 described extant species in 59 genera. It includes the former family Micropholcommatidae as the subfamily Micropholcommatinae, and the former family Holarchaeidae. Most species are less than 2 millimetres (0.079 in) long.

They generally live in leaf litter and moss on the floor of rain forest. Many build orb webs with a diameter less than 3 centimetres (1.2 in). In some species, such as Pseudanapis parocula, the pedipalps of the female are reduced to coxal stumps.
Gordonia (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Gordonia was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1924 to 1994. It covered a large rural area along the Orange River, centred on the town of Upington. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Kastellet ferry
The Kastellet ferry (Swedish: Kastelletleden), also known as the Vaxholmen ferry, is a passenger cable ferry in Sweden's Stockholm archipelago. It connects the town of Vaxholm to Vaxholm Castle, situated on an islet in the middle of the Kodjupet strait between the town and the island of Rindö. At its town terminus, the ferry berths next to the quay used by the Waxholmsbolaget passenger ferries that link Vaxholm to central Stockholm and many other islands of the archipelago.

The crossing is some 200 metres (660 ft) in length and takes about 2 minutes. There are between two and four return crossings an hour, each of which conveys a maximum of 130 passengers. The service only operates from the start of May to the end of September.

The ferry is run by Trafikverket under contract to the Vaxholm Municipality. The municipality is responsible for defining timetables, ticket prices and ferry conditions, while Trafikverket is responsible for operating the ferry.

Vaxholm Municipality
Vaxholm Municipality (Swedish: Vaxholms kommun, semi-officially Vaxholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The municipal slogan is "Vaxholm – the capital of the archipelago", due to its central location in the archipelago. Its seat is located in the city of Vaxholm.

From 1974 to 1984 Vaxholm was united with Österåker Municipality, making up a municipality called Vaxholm, but with the seat in Åkersberga. After the "divorce" the new Vaxholm Municipality came out larger than it had been before the amalgamation. The municipality prefers to style itself City of Vaxholm.
Harper Glacier (Alaska)
Harper Glacier is a glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. The glacier originates on Denali at more than 19,000 feet (5,800 m) between Denali's North Peak and South Peak, falling to the northeast between the Karsten Ridge and the Taylor Spur. From about 12,000 feet (3,700 m) it falls between Pioneer Ridge and Karpe Ridge in the Great Icefall down to the Lower Icefall to become Muldrow Glacier. In 1913, the glacier was named by Hudson Stuck after Walter Harper, a Koyukon mountaineer and the first man to reach the summit of Denali.

Hudson Stuck
Hudson Stuck (November 4, 1863 – October 10, 1920) was a British native who became an Episcopal priest, social reformer and mountain climber in the United States. With Harry P. Karstens, he co-led the first expedition to successfully climb Denali in June 1913, via the South Summit. He published five books about his years in Alaska. Two memoirs were issued in new editions in 1988, including his account of the ascent of Denali.

Stuck was born in London and graduated from King's College London. He immigrated to the United States in 1885 and lived there for the rest of his life. After working as a cowboy and teacher for several years in Texas, he went to the University of the South to study theology. After graduation, he was ordained as an Episcopal priest. Moving to Alaska in 1904, he served as Archdeacon of the Yukon, acting as a missionary for the church and a proponent of "muscular Christianity". He died of pneumonia in Fort Yukon, Alaska.
Mass graves in Sudan
The Mass graves in Sudan are a set of possible mass graves scattered throughout the territory of Sudan, especially in the southern part. Internet users reported these possible mass graves that were found while searching in Google Earth.

Yale School of Public Health
The Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) is a fully independent professional school of public health within Yale University. It was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow and is one of the oldest academic public health programs in the United States.
2026 Bengaluru Open
The 2026 Dafa News Bengaluru Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2026 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bangalore, India, from 5 to 10 January 2026.

2026 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2026 is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2026 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 156 tournaments (as of 3 August 2026), with prize money ranging from $63,000 up to $300,000. It is the 49th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle, and 18th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Oroplema plagifera
Oroplema plagifera is a moth of the family Uraniidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1881. It is found on the Korean Peninsula and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Island), eastern China, Russia (Sakhalin), Taiwan and northern India.

The wingspan is 15–18 mm for males and 17–21 mm for females.They resemble bird droppings. There are two generations per year in Korea.

The larvae feed on Viburnum dilatatum and Viburnum furcatum.

Uraniidae
The Uraniidae are a family of moths containing four subfamilies, 90 genera, and roughly 700 species.  The family is distributed throughout the tropics of the Americas, Africa and Indo-Australia.  Some of the tropical species are known for their bright, butterfly-like colors and are called sunset moths (for example Chrysiridia rhipheus).  Such moths are apparently toxic and the bright colors are a warning to predators.

The family Uraniidae contains both diurnal and nocturnal species.  The day-flying species are usually more strikingly colored and vibrant than the nocturnal ones.  Many diurnal species also have iridescent scales and multiple tails, which often led them to be mistaken for butterflies.  In sharp contrast, the nocturnal species are generally small, pale-colored insects.  The Uraniidae are similar to the geometer moths, to which they are related, but a different wing veining pattern distinguishes them.
New Mexico State Road 42
State Road 42 (NM 42) is a state highway in the US state of New Mexico. Its total length is approximately 35.5 miles (57.1 km). NM 42's southern terminus is in the village of Corona, at U.S. Route 54 (US 54) and NM 42's northern terminus is in the village of Willard, at US 60.

U.S. Route 54 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 54 (US 54) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Griggsville, Illinois, to El Paso, Texas. In the U.S. state of New Mexico, US 54 extends from the Texas state line by Chaparral, New Mexico, and ends at the Texas state line by Nara Visa, New Mexico. The highway runs for 356.176 miles (573.210 km) in New Mexico. Nationally an east–west route but is signed as a north–south route through the state.
The Kick & Push Festival
The Kick & Push Festival, also known as the Kick & Push, is an innovative theatre festival that takes place in Kingston, Ontario every summer. The festival was founded in 2015, and is run by the Kingston Theatre Alliance. Initially in 2016, and regularly since 2019, the Kick & Push has included the Storefront Fringe Festival, a non-curated Fringe Festival administered by Theatre Kingston.

Experimental theatre
Experimental theatre (also known as avant-garde theatre), inspired largely by Wagner's concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, began in Western theatre in the late 19th century with Alfred Jarry and his Ubu plays as a rejection of both the age in particular and, in general, the dominant ways of writing and producing plays. The term has shifted over time as the mainstream theatre world has adopted many forms that were once considered radical.

Like other forms of the avant-garde, it was created as a response to a perceived general cultural crisis. Despite different political and formal approaches, all avant-garde theatre opposes bourgeois theatre. It tries to introduce a different use of language and the body to change the mode of perception and to create a new, more active relation with the audience.
Rea Garvey
Raymond "Rea" Michael Garvey (born 3 May 1973) is an Irish singer, songwriter and guitarist based in Germany. In 1998, he formed the band Reamonn. Over the 11 years that Garvey was their frontman, they saw chart-topping success in Europe, with a number of gold and platinum selling albums, Tuesday, Dream No. 7, Beautiful Sky, Wish and Eleven and several sold out European tours. In 2010, after the release of the band's best-of album/DVD Eleven, and a best-of tour, the band parted ways. Garvey took this time to pursue a solo career, which gave birth to his first solo album Can't Stand the Silence in 2011. This album saw Garvey's transition from anthem rock with Reamonn, to alternative electro-pop.

Jam & Spoon
Jam & Spoon were a German electronic music duo formed in 1991 in Frankfurt. The group consisted of composers and producers Rolf Ellmer (a.k.a. Jam El Mar, classically trained composer) and Markus Löffel (a.k.a. Mark Spoon, DJ). They also worked under the pseudonyms Tokyo Ghetto Pussy, Storm and Big Room. Under these pseudonyms, the credits on the albums are listed as Trancy Spacer and Spacy Trancer.
2019 Pacific Association season
The 2019 Pacific Association season was the seventh season of the Pacific Association. There was a five team 64 game schedule.

The San Rafael Pacifics entered the season as defending champions, having defeated the Sonoma Stompers  6–0 in the league's 2018 championship game.

They playoffs concluded on September 1, with the San Rafael Pacifics defeating the Sonoma Stompers 2–1 in the championship series, winning their fourth Pacific Association championship.

Sonoma Stompers
The Sonoma Stompers are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Sonoma, California.  They are current members of the California Collegiate League.  They began play as members of the Pacific Association of Professional Baseball Clubs in 2014.  They are a successor franchise to the defunct Sonoma County Grapes, and were the first professional team to make Sonoma County home since the Sonoma County Crushers ceased play following the 2002 season.
Petite rivière à l'Ours - West
The Petite rivière à l'Ours - West (English: "Little Bear River" - West) is a tributary of rivière à l'Ours, flowing in the municipality of Saint-Félicien, in the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The upper part of the Petite Rivière à l'Ours valley is served by forest roads. The lower part is served by chemin du rang Simple, chemin du rang Double and rue Notre-Dame.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the upper part of this valley; agriculture, for the lower part.

The surface of the Little Bear River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, except the rapids areas; however, safe traffic on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.

Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality
Le Domaine-du-Roy (French pronunciation: [lə dɔmɛn dy ʁwa], lit. 'The King's Domain') is a regional county municipality in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is in Roberval, and it is named for the King of France, who owned the land at the time of the colonization of Quebec.