hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Razman al-Qadri
Tunku Syed Razman bin Tunku Syed 'Idrus Al-Qadri (Jawi: سيد رزمن بن سيد ال ءادروس القدري, [ʃayyɪd razman bɪn ʃayyɪd ul'-ɪdrus al-qadrɪ];
born 14 December 1962 in Seremban) is a Malaysian royal and the current Tunku Besar (hereditary ruler) of Tampin, in Negeri Sembilan. He is the only son of the previous ruler, Tunku Syed Idrus al-Qadri, and his wife Tunku Zainon binti Tunku Sulaiman. He was declared the heir apparent to the princedom of Tampin at birth. He ascended on the death of his father on 26 December 2005.

Tunku Razman was formally installed as Tunku Besar at Balai Rasmi, in Tampin, on 12 August 2006.

He is the patron of the Tunku Syed Razman Environmental Foundation, established in 2010.

Tunku Besar Burhanuddin
Tunku Besar Burhanuddin ibni Almarhum Yamtuan Antah CMG (22 September 1878 – 5 July 1961) was a member of the Negeri Sembilan royal family and once served as regent of Negeri Sembilan. His father was Yamtuan Antah ibni Yamtuan RadIn, who served as the 6th Yamtuan Besar (now known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan) from 1869 to 1888. Tunku Burhanuddin's elder brother, Tuanku Muhammad became the 7th Yamtuan Besar and the first to use the title Yang di-Pertuan Besar upon Yamtuan Antah's death.
Baraah Awadallah
Baraah Awadallah Marouane (Arabic: براء عوض الله مروان; born December 21, 1991, in Irbid) is a Jordanian middle distance runner. Awadallah represented Jordan at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 800 metres. She ran in the first heat of the event, against six other athletes, including Russia's Svetlana Klyuka, who nearly missed out of the medal podium in the final. She finished the race in last place by fifteen seconds behind Australia's Madeleine Pape, with her personal and seasonal best time of 2:18.41. Awadallah, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she placed thirty-seventh overall, and was ranked further below three mandatory slots for the next round. She was eventually upgraded to a higher overall position, when Croatia's Vanja Perišić had been disqualified for failing the doping test.

Vanja Perišić
Vanja Perišić (born July 5, 1985, in Split) is a Croatian middle distance runner, who specialized in the 800 metres. Perisic represented Croatia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 800 metres. She ran in the third heat of the event, against six other athletes, including Kenya's Pamela Jelimo, who eventually won the gold medal in the final. She finished the race in sixth place by seventy-one hundredths of a second (0.71) behind Mauritius' Annabelle Lascar, with a time of 2:06.82. Perišić, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she placed thirty-fifth overall, and was ranked farther below three mandatory slots for the next round.

On April 29, 2009, Perišić was among the Olympic non-medal winners, who tested positive for Cera, an advanced version of endurance-enhancing hormone EPO.
Diagoras Rodos F.C.
G.S. Diagoras 1905 (Greek: Γ.Σ. Διαγόρας 1905) is a Hellenic football club based in Rhodes city founded in 1905.

Diagoras is named after the island's ancient boxer Diagoras.

The team first played under Ottoman rule until the short lived independence of the Dodecanese islands in 1912 and then under the Italian occupation of the island. No matches at all were held during the Balkan Wars and the team played only with other local teams until Rhodes and Dodecanese unified with the rest of Hellas in 1947.

Super League Greece 2
The Super League 2 (Greek: Σούπερ Λιγκ 2), also officially known as A2 Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Α2 Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'A2 National Division'), is the second-tier professional men's association football league in Greece. Made up of 20 teams in two groups, it is usually played from September to May. Super League 2  is ranked below the Greek Super League 1 and above the Greek Third National Division in the Greek football league system. All of the Super League 2 clubs take part in the Greek Football Cup, the annual Greek Cup competition.
2016 Bol Open
The 2016 Bol Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Bol, Croatia. The tournament's first edition was held in late April 1991, and then again every year from 1996 to 2003. The tournament returned for 2016 as part of the WTA 125K series.

Croatian Bol Ladies Open
Croatian Bol Ladies Open was an annual women's tennis tournament on the WTA Challenger Tour, played in the town of Bol on the Croatian Adriatic island of Brač. The first edition was held in late April 1991, and then again every year from 1995 to 2003. The tournament was then sold to the organizers of the Western & Southern Open and moved to Cincinnati. In 2022, it was moved to Makarska.
TB10Cs3H2 snoRNA
TB10Cs3H2 is a member of the H/ACA-like class of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) thus named because of its cellular localization in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell.  TB10Cs3H2 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of LSU3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue Ψ397.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Attheyella yemanjae
Attheyella yemanjae is a species of copepod in the family Canthocamptidae. It is only known from the type locality, which is the Campo Úmido da Onça in Brazil's Distrito Federal (15°56′40″S 47°54′20″W﻿ / ﻿15.94444°S 47.90556°W﻿ / -15.94444; -47.90556). It is listed as conservation dependent on the IUCN Red List. The specific epithet yemanjae commemorates Yemanjá, the "beneficent and terrible goddess of the sea and the patroness of those who work on the waters" in Candombé mythology.

Canthocamptidae
Canthocamptidae is a family of copepods. Most of the 700 species are confined to fresh water, although there are also marine species. It contains the following genera:

Indeterminate fossils likely members of the family are known from the late Carboniferous of Oman, which were found in a clast of bitumen from a diamictite that had likely seeped up through a subglacial lake.
Wemyss Bay
Wemyss Bay (/ˌwiːmz ˈbeɪ/ ⓘ) is a village on the coast of the Firth of Clyde in Inverclyde in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. It is in the traditional county of Renfrewshire. It is adjacent to Skelmorlie, North Ayrshire. The town and villages have always been in separate counties, divided by the Kelly Burn.

Wemyss Bay is the port for ferries  on the Sea Road to Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. Passengers from the island can connect to Glasgow via Glasgow Central railway station by trains, which terminate in the town at Wemyss Bay railway station, noted for its architectural qualities and regarded as one of Scotland's finest railway buildings. The port is very exposed, so in high winds the ferries must travel up river to Gourock to dock.

North Ayrshire
North Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Àir a Tuath, pronounced [ˈʃirˠəxk aːɾʲ ə ˈt̪ʰuə]) is one of 32 council areas in Scotland. The council area borders Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire and East Renfrewshire to the northeast, and East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire to the east and south respectively. The local authority is North Ayrshire Council, formed in 1996 with the same boundaries as the district of Cunninghame, which existed from 1975 to 1996.

Located in the west central Lowlands with the Firth of Clyde to its west, the council area covers the northern portion of the historic county of Ayrshire, in addition to the islands of Arran and The Cumbraes from the historic county of Buteshire. North Ayrshire had an estimated population of 134,010 in 2024. Its largest towns are Irvine and Kilwinning. From 1975 to 1996 under the name Cunninghame it was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region.
Family Party: 30 Great Games Obstacle Arcade
Family Party: 30 Great Games Obstacle Arcade is a 2012 party video game developed by Art Co., Ltd. and published by D3 Publisher in the United States and Japan, and Namco Bandai Games in Europe for the Wii U. It is part of Simple series, and one of the few games in the series to be localized outside of Japan. The game was released in November 2012 for the PAL region, and in December for North America and Japan.

The game was panned by critics and currently holds the lowest score of any video game on review aggregator Metacritic.

Party video game
A party video game is a genre of video game that stems from in-person party games, involving player-to-player interaction as the central gameplay element. These games are often defined by simple controls which can be easily picked up and understood by players of any skill level.

Party video games generally consist of short-term experiences which may be played in succession, and are sometimes characterized in the form of minigames. These experiences may be played singularly or in a group, and usually feature several players competing simultaneously.
Cousinia
The genus Cousinia of the tribe Cardueae is in its current circumscription one of the larger genera in the Asteraceae, with approximately 650-700 described species distributed in central and western Asia.

Many of the species in this genus were once classified in genus Arctium (the burdocks).

Cardueae
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) and the subfamily Carduoideae.  Most of them are commonly known as thistles; four of the best known genera are Carduus, Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, and Onopordum.

They are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.  Many species are thorny on leaves, stems, or involucre, and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera comprising 2500 species are assigned to this tribe, native of temperate regions of Europe and Asia (especially the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), Australia and tropical Africa; only three genera contain species native to the Americas.
Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216)
The Mercedes-Benz C216 is the last generation for the grand tourer with name Mercedes-Benz CL-Class, produced from 2006 to 2014. It replaced the C215 platform, and was replaced in 2014 by the C217 S-Class Coupe.

Adaptive cruise control
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a type of advanced driver-assistance system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. Using sensors such as radar, lidar, or cameras, ACC can slow the vehicle when traffic ahead reduces speed and accelerate back to a preset speed when the road is clear.

First introduced in the 1990s, ACC has evolved from early laser based systems to more advanced radar and camera-based technologies capable of operating at a full speed ranges, including stop-and-go traffic.

ACC is considered a key component of partially automated driving. Under SAE International's classification, most ACC systems are categorized as Level 1 automation, as they control longitudinal vehicle motion but require continuous driver supervision and do not provide full vehicle autonomy. When combined with steering assistance features such as lane centering, the system may qualify as Level 2 automation.
Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
The Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD) is a concept mission to Mars focused on searching for evidence or biosignatures of microscopic life on Mars. The BOLD mission objective would be to quantify the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) existing in the Martian soil and to test for processes typically associated with life. Six landing packages are projected to impact 'softly' on Mars that include a limited power supply, a set of oxidant and life detection experiments, and a transmitter, which is able to transmit information via an existing Mars orbiter back to Earth. The mission was first proposed in 2012.

Mars Science Laboratory
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall objectives include investigating Mars's habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a human mission to Mars. The rover carries a variety of scientific instruments designed by an international team.
1631 Kopff
1631 Kopff (provisional designation 1936 UC) is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was later named after German astronomer August Kopff.

Yrjö Väisälä
Yrjö Väisälä (Finnish: [ˈyrjø ˈʋæi̯sælæ] ⓘ; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

His main contributions were in the field of optics. He was also active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology. He had an affectionate nickname of Wizard of Tuorla (Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 asteroids and 3 comets.

His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist Vilho Väisälä (1889–1969). His daughter Marja Väisälä (1916–2011) was an astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

Väisälä was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, presiding over the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista ("International Association of Esperanto Scientists") in 1968.
AD-1211
AD-1211 is an opioid analgesic drug invented in the 1970s by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. It is chemically a 1-substituted-4-prenyl-piperazine derivative, which is structurally unrelated to most other opioid drugs. The (S)-enantiomers in this series are more active as opioid agonists, but the less active (R)-enantiomer of this compound, AD-1211, is a mixed agonist–antagonist at opioid receptors with a similar pharmacological profile to pentazocine, and has atypical opioid effects with little development of tolerance or dependence seen after extended administration in animal studies.

Piperazine
Piperazine (/paɪˈpɛrəziːn/) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2NH)2. In terms of its structure, it can be described as cyclohexane with the 1- and 4-CH2 groups replaced by NH. Piperazine exists as a deliquescent solid with a saline taste. Piperazine is freely soluble in water and ethylene glycol, but poorly soluble in diethyl ether.  Piperazine is commonly available industrially as the hexahydrate, (CH2CH2NH)2·6H2O, which melts at 44 °C and boils at 125–130 °C.

Substituted derivatives of piperazine are a broad class of chemical compounds. Many piperazines have useful pharmacological properties, with prominent examples including sildenafil, ciprofloxacin, and ziprasidone.
Arpeggione Sonata
The Sonata for Arpeggione and Piano in A minor, D. 821, was written by Franz Schubert in Vienna in November 1824. The sonata is the only substantial composition extant today for the arpeggione (which was essentially a bowed guitar). The sonata was composed in November 1824, about a month after Schubert had returned to Vienna from his second stay in Zseliz. It has been adapted to other string instruments, especially the cello.

A minor
A minor is a minor scale based on A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its key signature has no flats or sharps. Its relative major is C major and its parallel major is A major.

The A natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Feoffment
In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment /ˈfɛfmənt/ or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another. The common law of estates in land grew from this concept.

Subinfeudation
In English law, subinfeudation is the practice by which tenants, holding land under the king or other superior lord, carved out new and distinct tenures in their turn by sub-letting or alienating a part of their lands.

The tenants were termed mesne lords, with regard to those holding from them, the immediate tenant being tenant in capite. The lowest tenant of all was the freeholder, or, as he was sometimes termed, tenant paravail. The Crown, who in theory owned all lands, was lord paramount.

The great lords looked with dissatisfaction on the increase of such subtenures. Accordingly, in 1290 a statute was passed, Quia Emptores, which allowed the tenant to alienate whenever he pleased, but the person to whom he granted the land was to hold it for the same immediate lord, and by the same services as the alienor held it before.
Kiyosu-e Formation
The Kiyosu-e Formation is a Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) geologic formation of the Toyonishi Group in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Fossil ornithopod tracks have been reported from the formation.

Toyonishi Group
The Toyonishi Group is a group of Mesozoic rock strata in Japan, and was originally named by Tatsuro Matsumoto in 1949.
It distributes in the southern half of Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, southwest Japan, and deposited during the Uppermost Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous along the East Asian continental margin.
Męskie Granie
Męskie Granie (English: Masculine Playing) is a concert tour, initiated by Żywiec Brewery. It is organized each year in the summer in major Polish cities, with the addition of the town Żywiec. The first edition was held in 2010.

The aim of the tour is to present the creative side of Polish music scene and to encourage the audience to listen to musical experiments, such as jazz musicians playing with rappers. Major Polish artists participate in the tour.

L. Stadt
L.Stadt is a Polish band, playing rock music with elements of surf rock, country and psychedelic rock. It was founded in Łódź in 2003 and named after the city's name under the Nazi occupation, Litzmannstadt. The band has released two studio albums, L.Stadt (2008) and EL.P (2010), and an extended play You Gotta Move (2013).

L.Stadt received critical acclaim and was hailed the hope of Polish alternative music by major media in Poland. The band has also performed at major festivals in Poland and abroad, including concerts at Open'er Festival, PKO BP London Live at Wembley Arena, and SXSW in the U.S.
Air Motion Transformer
The Air Motion Transformer (AMT) is a type of electroacoustic transducer. Invented by Oskar Heil (1908–1994), it operates on a different transduction principle from other loudspeaker designs, such as moving coil, planar magnetic or electrostatically-driven loudspeakers, and should not be confused with planar or true ribbon loudspeakers. In contrast to a planar ribbon loudspeaker, the diaphragm of the AMT is of pleated shape similar to a bellows. The AMT moves air laterally in a perpendicular motion using a metal-etched folded sheet made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The circuit path embossed on the PET membrane, acts as the voice coil unit. The diaphragm (now, as a unit) is then housed between 4 stacks of steel pole-plate pieces positioned at 45° within a high-intensity, quadratic, opposing magnetic field. The air motion transformer with its sheet film equally exposed at 180° behaves as a dipole speaker, exciting front and rear sonic waves simultaneously.

Voice coil
A voice coil (consisting of a former, collar, and winding) is the coil of  wire attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. It provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

The term is also used for voice coil linear motors such as those used to move the heads inside hard disk drives, which produce a larger force and move a longer distance but work on the same principle. In some applications, such as the operation of  servo valves, electronic focus adjustment on digital cameras, these are known as voice coil motors (VCM).
Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)
In July 2013, at the same time as mass protests began against the 3 July coup d'état which deposed Mohamed Morsi, and in parallel with the escalation of the already ongoing jihadist insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula, pro-Muslim Brotherhood militants started violent attacks against policemen and soldiers in central and western Egypt. In the following months, new Islamist armed groups were created to reinstate Islamist rule in Egypt, such as Soldiers of Egypt and the Popular Resistance Movement. Since 2013, violence in mainland Egypt has escalated and developed into a low-level Islamist insurgency against the Egyptian government.

Hasm Movement
The Arms of Egypt Movement (Arabic: حركة سواعد مِصر Ḥarakat Sāwa'd Miṣr), commonly known as the Hasm Movement (Arabic: حسم), is an Islamist militant group operating in Egypt.

The group despite having little uptime, has shown to have a very advanced organization and deployment which has led the security forces to link them with the Muslim Brotherhood.
Backtracking line search
In (unconstrained) mathematical optimization, a backtracking line search is a line search method to determine the amount to move along a given search direction. Its use requires that the objective function is differentiable and that its gradient is known.

The method involves starting with a relatively large estimate of the step size for movement along the line search direction, and iteratively shrinking the step size (i.e., "backtracking") until a decrease of the objective function is observed that adequately corresponds to the amount of decrease that is expected, based on the step size and the local gradient of the objective function. A common stopping criterion is the Armijo–Goldstein condition.

Backtracking line search is typically used for gradient descent (GD), but it can also be used in other contexts. For example, it can be used with Newton's method if the Hessian matrix is positive definite.

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.

SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.