hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chico Enterprise-Record
The Chico Enterprise-Record is the daily newspaper of Chico, California. Also known as the E-R, the newspaper was first published in Bidwell Bar, California as the Butte Record in 1853 and has been owned by the MediaNews Group corporation since 1999. The paper has a circulation of less than 10,000 Editions of the Enterprise-Record include the Oroville Mercury-Register.

The Enterprise-Record is the result of the merger of the Chico Enterprise and the Chico Record on Dec. 6, 1948. Both predecessor publications had a long and storied history throughout the north valley of the Sacramento River.

The Sacramento Union
The Sacramento Union was a daily newspaper founded in 1851 in Sacramento, California. It was the oldest daily newspaper west of the Mississippi River before it closed its doors after 143 years in January 1994, no longer able to compete with The Sacramento Bee, which was founded in 1857.
Wirry-cow
In Scotland, a wirry-cow (Scots pronunciation: [ˈwɪɾɪkʌu̯, ˈwʌɾɪkʌu̯]) is a bugbear, goblin, ghost, ghoul or other frightful object. Sometimes the term is used for the Devil or a scarecrow.

Draggled sae 'mang muck and stanes,

They looked like wirry-cows

The word was used by Sir Walter Scott in his novel Guy Mannering.

The word is derived by John Jamieson from worry (Modern Scots wirry), in its old sense of harassment in both English and Lowland Scots, from Old English wyrgan cognate with Dutch wurgen and German würgen; and cowe, a hobgoblin, an object of terror.

Wirry appears in several other compound words such as wirry hen, a ruffianly character, a rogue; wirry-boggle, a rogue, a rascal; and wirry-carle, a snarling, ill-natured person, one who is dreaded as a bugbear.

Modern Scots
Modern Scots comprises the varieties of Scots traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster, from 1700.

Throughout its history, Modern Scots has been undergoing a process of language attrition, whereby successive generations of speakers have adopted more and more features from English, largely from the colloquial register. This process of language contact or dialectisation under English has accelerated rapidly since widespread access to mass media in English, and increased population mobility became available after the Second World War. It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift towards Scottish English, sometimes also termed language change, convergence or merger.

By the end of the twentieth century, Scots was at an advanced stage of language death over much of Lowland Scotland. Residual features of Scots are often simply regarded today as slang, especially by people from outwith Scotland, but even by many Scots.
Irungu Kang'ata
Francis Irungu Kang'ata (born 20 February 1980) is a Kenyan politician and the current governor of Murang'a County. He is also the former senator of the same county, and the former Senate of Kenya Majority Chief Whip, former member of parliament for Kiharu Constituency and a former Councilor for Central Ward in Murang'a. He is a law graduate from the University of Nairobi and a principal in the firm Irungu Kang'ata & Co. Advocates. He holds PhD in Law from the University of Nairobi and teaches Law at Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi.

Elections in Kenya
Elections in Kenya take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President, Senate and National Assembly are directly elected by voters, with elections organised by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC).
KFUE
KFUE (106.7 FM, "Fuego 106.7") is a commercial radio station licensed to Buckeye, Arizona.  It broadcasts a bilingual rhythmic radio format, serving the western portion of the Phoenix metropolitan area (known as the West Valley).  The station is owned by Entravision Communications, with studios near Sky Harbor Airport.

KFUE has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts as a Class A station.  The transmitter is off Miller Road in Buckeye, north of Interstate 10.

Entravision Communications
Entravision Communications Corporation is an American media company based in Santa Monica, California. Entravision primarily caters to the Spanish-speaking Hispanic and Latino community and owns television and radio stations and outdoor media, in several of the top Hispanic and Latino markets. It is the largest affiliate group of the Univision and UniMás television networks. Entravision also owns a small number of English-language television and radio stations.
Verification condition generator
A verification condition generator is a common sub-component of an automated program verifier that synthesizes formal verification conditions by analyzing a program's source code using a method based upon Hoare logic. VC generators may require that the source code contains logical annotations provided by the programmer or the compiler such as pre/post-conditions and loop invariants (a form of proof-carrying code). VC generators are often coupled with SMT solvers in the backend of a program verifier. After a verification condition generator has created the verification conditions they are passed to an automated theorem prover, which can then formally prove the correctness of the code.

Methods have been proposed to use the operational semantics of machine languages to automatically generate verification condition generators.

Proof-carrying code
Proof-carrying code (PCC) is a software mechanism that allows a host system to verify properties about an application via a formal proof that accompanies the application's executable code.  The host system can quickly verify the validity of the proof, and it can compare the conclusions of the proof to its own security policy to determine whether the application is safe to execute.  This can be particularly useful in ensuring memory safety (i.e. preventing issues like buffer overflows).

Proof-carrying code was originally described in 1996 by George Necula and Peter Lee.
Natal forest tree frog
The Natal forest tree frog (Leptopelis natalensis) is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae, subfamily Leptopelinae, and is endemic to the eastern coastal area of South Africa. A typical tree frog, it has large eyes and a broad mouth. Its colouration is highly variable: Some may be bright green, others cream coloured, and some may be cream with olive-green blotches.

Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, subtropical forests, swamps, intermittent freshwater marshes, and rural gardens.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

These frogs usually live in the foliage and branches of forest trees. They lay eggs on banks of ponds and quiet streams, or on broad leaves near the water's edge. The tadpoles hatch and drop into the water where they grow and develop into frogs. Its call is somewhat akin to "bwee YACK-yack". The first part of the call being described as "soft buzzing".

Leptopelis
Leptopelis is a genus of frogs in the family Arthroleptidae. They are found throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, excluding Madagascar. It is placed in monotypic subfamily Leptopelinae, although this subfamily is not always recognized. They have a number of common names, including forest treefrogs, tree frogs, leaf-frogs, and big-eyed frogs.
Santiago Tapia metro station
Santiago Tapia is one of the Metro stations of the Monterrey Metro line 2.  It is located in the north of the Mexican city of San Nicolás de los Garza and it was opened on 1 October 2008 as part of the extension of the line from Universidad and Sendero.

This metro station bears the name of the revolutionary men born in 1820 and is located over the street of the same name.

Universidad metro station (San Nicolás de los Garza)
The Universidad Station (Spanish: Estación Universidad) is a station on Line 2 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located in the Alfonso Reyes Avenue.

This station is next to the campus of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL – from which it takes its name), and it sees heavy traffic of students on a daily basis.  The station is also the nearest to the Estadio Universitario, the home venue of the UANL Tigres.  It is accessible for people with disabilities.

This station's logo represents the flame and atoms that appear in the logo of the UANL.

This station was inaugurated on October 31, 2007, as part of the first stage of the Line 2 expansion (along with Regina and Niños Heroes Stations). It served as the Line 2 terminus until stage 2 of the Line 2 expansion was completed on October 1, 2008, when Sendero Station took its place as the northern terminus of the line.
Gorilla Glass
Gorilla Glass is a brand of chemically strengthened glass developed and manufactured by Corning Inc. Currently in its ninth generation, it is designed to be thin, light, and damage-resistant. Its surface strength and crack-resistance are achieved through immersion in a hot potassium-salt ion-exchange bath.

The alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass is primarily used as cover glass for portable electronic devices, including smartphones, smartwatches, portable media players, portable computer displays, and television screens. It is manufactured in Harrodsburg, Kentucky; Asan, South Korea; and Taiwan. As of October 2017, Gorilla Glass was used in approximately five billion devices worldwide. Despite its market dominance, Gorilla Glass faces competition from similar products, including AGC Inc.'s Dragontrail, Schott AG's Xensation, and synthetic sapphire.

AGC Inc.
AGC Inc. (AGC株式会社, AGC kabushiki gaisha), formerly Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.'(旭硝子株式会社), is a Japanese global glass manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. It is the largest glass company in the world and one of the core Mitsubishi companies.

The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX and Nikkei 225 stock indices.

Asahi Glass was named one of Thomson Reuters Top 100 Global Innovators in 2013.

On July 1, 2018, it was renamed to AGC Inc.
Clephanton
Clephanton  is a small hamlet 2 miles south-east from Ardersier and 7 miles south-west of Nairn in Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands. It is in the Scottish council area of Highland. Some notable features near the settlement include the Kilravock Castle and the Nairn River.

Ardersier
Ardersier /ˈɑːrdəsir/ (Scottish Gaelic: Àird nan Saor) is a small former fishing village in the Scottish Highlands on the Moray Firth near Fort George, between Inverness and Nairn. Its name may be an anglicisation of the Gaelic "Àird nan Saor", or "Headland of the joiners", one local legend being that carpenters working on the construction of ecclesiastical buildings on the other side of the Moray Firth were quartered here.. however, the name Ardersier is documented centuries before the Cathedrals of Fortrose and Elgin were built, and it is more likely that the name signifies its topography - a high prominence (New Statistical Account).

Prior to the building of Fort George, a small fishing hamlet existed in the area of Fort George, with an economy based on small-scale commercial fishery. Its relocation eventually led to the creation of the village of Ardersier.
N-320 road (Spain)
The N-320 is a road in eastern Spain.  It starts north of Albacete with a junction on the Autovía A-31.  It heads north across the River Jucar. The road crosses the Autovía A-3 before entering wooded hills.

The road comes to Cuenca where it meets the N-420 and the Autovía A-40 which is being  constructed.  The N-320 continues north along the western flanks of the forested Serrania de Cuenca.  The road turns west to cross the Mar de Castilla a major reservoir.  It then passes through the mountains of La Alcarria and into the plain of Madrid.

The road passes north east of Madrid to Guadalajara and a junction with the Autovía A-2 and Autopista Radial R-2. The road remains north east of Madrid ending at Torrelaguna and a junction (50 km) of the Autovía A-1 below the towering Sierra de Guadarrama.

Autovía A-31
The Autovía A-31, also known as the Autovía de Alicante, is a highway in Spain.  The road connects Madrid to Alicante.

It starts at a junction with the Autovía A-3 at Alarcón and heads south east to Albacete.  Thereafter the Autovía A-30 branches off to Murcia.  The A-31 heads east to Almansa and a junction with the Autovía A-35 before heading to the coast the Autovía A-7 and Alicante.
2012 Guzzini Challenger
The 2012 Guzzini Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Recanati, Italy between 16 and 22 July 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Second Aeon
Second Aeon was a British literary periodical published from late 1966 to early 1975. It ran for 21 issues and was edited by Peter Finch. A spin-off of the magazine was Second Aeon Publications, a series of booklets, broadsheets and bound volumes that eventually reached 100 in number.

Pete Hoida
Pete Hoida  artist and poet was born at Birkenhead in 1944 and died at his home in Brownshill near Stroud in 2023. He was an abstract artist committed to the modernist tradition. He ceased writing circa 1985, after which he dedicated his time wholly to painting. After a hiatus of 25 years he resumed writing and had poems published 2011–2016.
Bank payroll tax
The bank payroll tax was a nonrecurring case of specific tax regime that was set to temporarily change the circumstances under which relevant employees of taxable companies (namely banks) obtained their bonuses in United Kingdom. This tax applied to banks which paid bankers bonuses over £25 000 and the tax was charged at the rate of 50%. As stated in Finance Act 2010 schedule 1 part 1 “Bank payroll tax is chargeable on the aggregate of the amounts of chargeable relevant remuneration awarded during the chargeable period or in respect of relevant banking employees of a taxable company by reason of their employment as relevant banking employees.“  It was paid by the bank directly to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and the chargeable period was from 9 December 2009 to 5 April 2010. Bank payroll tax was payable by taxable companies on or before 31 August 2010.

Payroll tax
Payroll taxes are taxes imposed on employers or employees. They are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their employees. By law, some payroll taxes are the responsibility of the employee and others fall on the employer, but almost all economists agree that the true economic incidence of a payroll tax is unaffected by this distinction, and falls largely or entirely on workers in the form of lower wages. Because payroll taxes fall exclusively on wages and not on returns to financial or physical investments, payroll taxes may contribute to underinvestment in human capital, such as higher education.
Tino Schwierzina
Tino Antoni Schwierzina (30 May 1927 – 29 December 2003) was a German lawyer and politician. Between May 1990 and January 1991 he served as the first and last freely elected mayor of East Berlin. His term of office was dominated by the fusion of the two halves of Berlin which had been politically (and increasingly also, until 1989, physically) divided since before 1949. By some criteria Tino Schwierzina was also the last mayor of East Berlin ahead of reunification.

Merger of the Communist Party of Germany and Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the east German branches of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) merged to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) on 21 April 1946. Although nominally a merger of equals, the merged party quickly fell under Communist domination and developed along lines similar to other Communist Parties in what became the Eastern Bloc. The SED would be the ruling party of the German Democratic Republic until the end of the republic in December 1989.
Chŏn Uch'i
Chŏn Uch'i (Korean: 전우치; Hanja: 田禹治; fl. 15th and 16th centuries) was a Taoist scholar during the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He is known by many as the most prominent "sorcerer" in Korean history, and a representative trickster from old Korean literature. His art name was Usa (우사; 羽士), which means "featherman". Though he was a Taoist heretic, he studied Confucianism under Sŏ Kyŏngdŏk.

Sŏ Kyŏngdŏk
Sŏ Kyŏngdŏk (Korean: 서경덕; Hanja: 徐敬德; March 18, 1489 – August 13, 1546) was a Korean Neo-Confucianist philosopher during the Joseon period. His philosophy studied materialism and phenomenology based on ancient Taoist philosophy theories absorbed by neo-Confucianism, like Yin and Yang and Ki.
Saint Miguel Cattle Dog
The Saint Miguel Cattle Dog (Portuguese: cão fila de São Miguel [ˈkɐ̃w ˈfilɐ ðɨ ˈsɐ̃w miˈɣɛl], literally 'catch dog of São Miguel') is a dog breed of mastiff type originating on São Miguel Island in the Azores, an island chain which is one of the autonomous regions of Portugal. The breed was originally used as a herding dog for working with cattle.

Herding dog
A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of dog that either has been trained in herding livestock or belongs to one of the breeds that were developed for herding. A dog specifically trained to herd sheep is known as a sheep dog or shepherd dog, and one trained to herd cattle is known as a cattle dog or cow dog.
Empire Awards
The Empire Awards was an annual British awards ceremony honouring cinematic achievements in the local and global film industry. Winners were awarded the Empire Award statuette. The awards, first presented in 1996, were presented by the British film magazine Empire with the winners voted by the readers of the magazine.

The 23rd Empire Awards was the final ceremony, held on 18 March 2018 in London to honour films released in 2017. The awards were sponsored by Jameson Irish Whiskey from the 14th Empire Awards and were thenceforth officially called the Jameson Empire Awards. The official sponsor of the Awards changed to Rakuten TV for the 23rd Empire Awards. The Empire Awards ceremonies were discontinued after 2018 for unknown reasons.

23rd Empire Awards
The 23rd Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Rakuten Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine Empire, honored the best films of 2017. The ceremony took place on 18 March 2018 in London, England at the Roundhouse Theatre. The nominees were announced on 18 January 2018.

These are the last Empire Awards to be held so far.
1969 French constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in France on 27 April 1969. The referendum proposed government decentralization and changes to the Senate. These reforms were rejected by 52.4% of voters, leading to President Charles de Gaulle's resignation.

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Callaghan shadow cabinet
James Callaghan became Leader of the Opposition on 4 May 1979 after losing the 1979 election and remained in that office until Michael Foot was elected Leader of the Labour Party on 2 October 1980. Callaghan named his Shadow Cabinet in June 1979, with Foot (the Deputy Leader) and the 12 elected members of the Shadow Cabinet assigned portfolios on 14 June and further appointments made on 18 June. From the opening of Parliament until that date, Callaghan's Cabinet, with a few exceptions, stayed on to shadow their former positions.

Labour government, 1974–1979
The Labour Party governed the United Kingdom from 1974 to 1979. During this period, Harold Wilson and James Callaghan were successively appointed as Prime Minister by Queen Elizabeth II. The end of the Callaghan ministry was presaged by the Winter of Discontent, a period of serious industrial discontent. This was followed by the election of Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher in 1979.

The government consisted of three ministries: the third and fourth Wilson ministry, and then the Callaghan ministry.
De-extinction
De-extinction (also known as resurrection biology, or species revivalism) is the process of human intervention to generate an organism that either resembles or is an extinct organism. There are several ways to carry out the process of de-extinction. Cloning is the most widely proposed method, although genome editing and selective breeding have also been considered. Similar techniques have been applied to certain endangered species, in hopes to boost their genetic diversity. The only method of the three that would provide an animal with the same genetic identity is cloning. There are benefits and drawbacks to the process of de-extinction ranging from technological advancements to ethical issues.

South Island giant moa
The South Island giant moa (Dinornis robustus) is an extinct species of moa in the genus Dinornis, known in Māori by the name moa nunui. It was one of the tallest-known bird species to walk the Earth, exceeded in weight only by the heavier but shorter extinct elephant bird of Madagascar.
Harrah's Resort Southern California
Harrah's Resort Southern California (formerly Harrah's Rincon) is a Native American gaming casino and integrated resort near Valley Center, California. It is owned by the Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians and operated by Caesars Entertainment.

Caesars Entertainment
Caesars Entertainment, Inc., formerly Eldorado Resorts, Inc., is an American hotel and casino entertainment company founded and based in Reno, Nevada, that operates more than 50 properties. Eldorado Resorts acquired Caesars Entertainment Corporation and changed its own name to Caesars Entertainment on July 20, 2020.
Khorovats
Khorovats (Armenian: խորոված, [χɔɾɔˈvɑt͡s]) is an Armenian barbecue. The meat may be marinated before grilling, but it does not have to be. It can be made with lamb, pork, beef, chicken, fish, or even veal. This is generally a dish reserved for "festive occasions".

Meat chop
A meat chop is a cut of meat cut perpendicular to the spine, and usually containing a rib or riblet part of a vertebra and served as an individual portion. The most common kinds of meat chops are pork and lamb. A thin boneless chop, or one with only the rib bone, may be called a cutlet, though the difference is not always clear.  The term "chop" is not usually used for beef, but a T-bone steak is essentially a loin chop, a rib steak and a rib cutlet.