hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sophistication
Sophistication refers to the qualities of refinement, good taste, and wisdom. By contrast, its original use was as a pejorative, derived from sophist, and included the idea of admixture or adulteration. Today, as researched by Faye Hammill, it is common as a measure of refinement—displaying good taste, wisdom and subtlety rather than crudeness, stupidity and vulgarity. In the perception of social class, sophistication can be linked with concepts such as status, privilege and superiority.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Marco Motta
Marco Motta (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko ˈmɔtta]; born 14 May 1986) is an Italian former professional footballer who plays as a right back.

Motta is a former Italy international and made his senior international appearance in 2010; at youth level, he participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics with Italy.

2021 Menpora Cup
The 2021 Menpora Cup (Indonesian: Piala Menpora 2021) was a pre-season tournament held by the PSSI ahead of the 2021 Liga 1. The tournament started on 21 March and finished with a two-legged final on 22 and 25 April 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all matches were played behind closed doors. The 2021 edition was the second edition of Menpora Cup, with the first edition being held in 2013 which was won by Arema who defeated Australian side Central Coast Mariners by 2–1 in the final.

Persija won the finals 4–1 on aggregate against Persib for the title.
TR NZ class
The TR NZ class, later known as the EAR 22 class, was a class of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 4-8-0 steam locomotives built in 1915 by Nasmyth, Wilson and Company in Patricroft, Salford, England.  The class had been ordered by the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway (NGSR) for operation on its network in the Dominion of Nizam, better known as the Hyderabad State, in India.  However, the locomotives in the class were never delivered to the NGSR, and, in the end, served their entire working lives in Tanganyika, East Africa.

4-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, usually in a leading truck or bogie, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. In North America and in some other countries the type was usually known as the Twelve-wheeler.
Pelishat Point
Pelishat Point (Bulgarian: нос Пелишат, ‘Nos Pelishat’ \'nos 'pe-li-shat\) is the point forming the south extremity of Archar Peninsula and the north side of the entrance to Berende Cove on the southwest coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is situated 2.4 km southeast of Duff Point and 3.9 km northeast of Pomorie Point on Livingston Island.

The point is named after the settlement of Pelishat in northern Bulgaria.

Duff Point
Duff Point is a point on Archar Peninsula forming the western extremity of Greenwich Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The name Duffs Straits was applied to McFarlane Strait by James Weddell in 1820–23, after Captain Norwich Duff under whom Weddell served in HMS Espoir in 1814. The name Duff Point was given by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 in order to preserve Weddell's name in the area; this point forms the northeast entrance to McFarlane Strait.
Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande (lit. 'Great River') is a municipality (município) and one of the oldest cities in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It was the state capital from 1835 to 1845. It is the most important port city in the state and has one of the most important maritime ports in Brazil.

The city is named after a nearby channel which indirectly connects the Lagoa dos Patos, to the northeast, and Lagoa Mirim, to the west, with the Atlantic Ocean. The municipality is bordered by Santa Vitória do Palmar on the south and Pelotas on the north, which lies across the São Gonçalo Channel.

The city built up its wealth over the course of its long history of strong industrial movements. Today it is still one of the richest cities in Rio Grande do Sul, mainly because of its port, the second busiest in Brazil, and its refinery, which processes Ipiranga petroleum.

The city is served by Rio Grande Airport.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Resistin
Resistin, also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein (XCP1), is a cysteine-rich peptide hormone that is derived from adipose tissue and, in humans, is encoded by the RETN gene.

In primates, pigs, and dogs, resistin is secreted primarily by immune and epithelial cells, whereas in rodents, it is mainly secreted by adipose tissue. The human resistin pre-peptide consists of 108 amino acid residues, while in mice and rats it is 114 amino acids in length; the molecular weight is approximately 12.5 kDa. Resistin is classified as an adipose-derived hormone (similar to a cytokine), and its physiological role has been widely debated, particularly regarding its involvement in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Interleukin 6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene.

In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation.  Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.  IL-6's role as an anti-inflammatory myokine is mediated through its inhibitory effects on TNF and IL-1 and its activation of IL-1ra and IL-10.

There is some early evidence that IL-6 can be used as an inflammatory marker for severe COVID-19 infection with poor prognosis, in the context of the wider coronavirus pandemic.
American Family (2002 TV series)
American Family, sometimes called American Family: Journey of Dreams is an American television drama series created by Gregory Nava that follows the lives of a Latino  family in Los Angeles. The series aired on PBS from January 23, 2002 to July 11, 2004. This was the first broadcast television drama series featuring a predominantly Latino cast. It also was the first original primetime American episodic drama to air on PBS in nearly a decade—since the series I'll Fly Away moved to the network.

I'll Fly Away (TV series)
I'll Fly Away is an American television drama series that aired on NBC from October 7, 1991, to February 5, 1993. Set during the late 1950s and early 1960s, in an unspecified Southern U.S. state, it stars Regina Taylor as Lilly Harper, a Black housekeeper for the family of district attorney Forrest Bedford, played by Sam Waterston (the character's name is a twist on the name of Confederate Army General Nathan Bedford Forrest, an early leader of the Ku Klux Klan). As the show progresses, Lilly becomes increasingly involved in the Civil Rights Movement, which eventually pulls in her employer as well.
Hellestien-Blåfjellet-Kløfjellet-Geita Bird Sanctuary
The Hellestien-Blåfjellet-Kløfjellet-Geita Bird Sanctuary (Norwegian: Hellestien-Blåfjellet-Kløfjellet-Geita fuglefredningsområde) is a bird sanctuary and Ramsar site on the island of Runde in Herøy Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The area was protected in 1981 together with three other bird sanctuaries in order to "take care of rich and interesting bird life and a bird habitat, especially with respect to seabirds," according to the conservation regulations. The four sites have a total area of 2.6 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi).

The area covers the east side of Vardane Hill (333 meters or 1,093 feet) on Runde.

In 2013, the area was designated a Ramsar wetland site as one of five subareas of the Runde Ramsar Site.

Herøy Municipality (Møre og Romsdal)
Herøy is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the town of Fosnavåg on the island of Bergsøya. Other settlements in Herøy include the villages of Leikong, Kvalsund, and Moltustranda. The industrial area of Eggesbønes is located south of Fosnavåg on the same island. The Runde Environmental Centre is located in the northern part of the municipality on Runde island.

The 119.53-square-kilometre (46.15 sq mi) municipality is the 321st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Herøy Municipality is the 123rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,968. The municipality's population density is 75 inhabitants per square kilometre (190/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Emil Sayfutdinov
Emil Damirovich Sayfutdinov (Russian: Эмиль Дамирович Сайфутдинов; born 26 October 1989) is a motorcycle speedway rider from Russia. He is a member of the Russia national speedway team. He is a three times World team champion, twice World Junior champion and a two-time winner of the European Championships in 2014 and 2015.

2007 Team Speedway Junior World Championship
The 2007 Team Speedway Junior World Championship is the third FIM Team Speedway Junior World Championship season. The Final took place on 23 September 2007 in Abensberg, Germany.

The World Championship was won by Poland U-21. It was third title for Poland. Poland team is only team who was won this competition (first staged in 2005). It was also a third title for Poland' captain Karol Ząbik and second title for Paweł Hlib and Krzysztof Buczkowski.

In the final, Poland (40 points) beat Great Britain (36 pts), Czech Republic (30 pts) and Germany (13 pts). It was first medals for the British and Czech teams. The title was won after 19th heat, when Buczkowski beat Britain's Lewis Bridger. Czech Republic lost the chance for the silver medal after the 19th when their captain Luboš Tomíček, Jr. was last.
Cupriavidus gilardii
Cupriavidus gilardii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Cupriavidus and the family Burkholderiaceae. It is motil by a single polar flagellum. It is named after G. L. Gilardi, an American microbiologist. The organism was initially identified as Ralstonia gilardii in 1999, renamed Wautersiella gilardii, and most recently moved into the genus Cupriavidus after 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed it to be most closely related to Cupriavidus necator. Notably, species of this genus are not inhibited by copper due to the production of chelation factors, and may actually be stimulated by the presence of copper.

Burkholderiaceae
The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia mallei (glanders) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). This family was found to be enriched in scale-eating pupfish (Cyprinodon desquamator) guts, even after being fed a common laboratory diet, suggesting it may aid in scale-digestion (Heras and Martin 2022).
Zikoniya Island
Zikoniya Island (Bulgarian: остров Цикония, romanized: ostrov Tsikoniya, IPA: [ˈɔstrof t͡siˈkɔnijɐ]) is the 140 m long in west–east direction and 120 m wide rocky island lying off Spert Island on the southwest side of Trinity Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Zikoniya of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Spert Island
Spert Island is an island lying off the west extremity of Trinity Island, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. Charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Nordenskjold, 1901–04. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Sir Thomas Spert, Controller of the King's Ships in the time of Henry VIII, founder and first Master of the Mariners of England, which later became the Corporation of Trinity House.
Hurt Lovers
"Hurt Lovers" is a song by English boy band Blue. It was written by Alexander Zuckowski, Martin "Fly" Fliegenschmidt, Jez Ashurst, and David Jost and recorded for the group's fourth studio album, Roulette (2013). Production was helmed by Grubert and Zuckowski, with Fliegenschmidt and Kiko Masbaum credited as co-producers.

The song was released in Austria, Germany and Switzerland as the album's lead single on 4 January 2013, three weeks prior to the release of the Roulette. It was Blue's first official single in two years, following the release of their Eurovision 2011 entry, "I Can", in May 2011. "Hurt Lovers" became Blue's sixth top 10 hit in Germany, where it peaked at number seven and served as the official theme for the German film Break Up Man (2013). In the United Kingdom, the sond was released on 22 April 2013. It charted at number 70 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their lowest-charting single by then in the UK.

I Can (Blue song)
"I Can" is a song released by British boy group Blue, taken from their fourth studio album, Roulette. It was the United Kingdom's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2011, in Düsseldorf, Germany. It was written by group members Duncan James and Lee Ryan with Ciaron Bell, Ben Collieer, Ian Hope, Liam Keenan, and Norwegian production team StarSign.

"I Can" finished in 11th place and scored 100 points. It peaked at number sixteen on the UK Singles Chart, and reached the top ten in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It also charted in Belgium, Ireland, and Scotland.
Glucagon receptor family
The glucagon receptor family is a group of closely related G-protein coupled receptors which include:

Glucagon receptor

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor

The first three receptors bind closely related peptide hormones (glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2) derived from the proglucagon polypeptide.  The last receptor binds gastric inhibitory polypeptide.

Glucagon receptor
The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa protein that is activated by glucagon and is a member of the class B G-protein coupled family of receptors (secretin receptor family), coupled to Gs and to a lesser extent Gq, & potentially Gi. Stimulation of the Gs receptor results in the activation of adenylate cyclase, which in turn leads to increased levels of the secondary messengers intracellular cAMP and calcium. In humans, the glucagon receptor is encoded by the GCGR gene.

Glucagon receptors are mainly expressed in liver and in kidney with lesser amounts found in heart, adipose tissue, spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, cerebral cortex, and  gastrointestinal tract.
Margie Freed
Margie Freed (born 10 November 1997) is an American biathlete and cross-country skier who has competed in the Biathlon World Cup since 2023. She is participating in the 2026 Olympic Games.

She attended Eastview High School, where she won several Nordic skiing events. Her best career result is 21st place in the individual event at the 2026 Olympic Games in Milano-Cortina.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
ŽFK Kamenica Sasa
Ženski Fudbalski Klub Kamenica Sasa (Macedonian: Женски Фудбалски Клуб Каменица Саса) is a women's association football club based in Makedonska Kamenica, North Macedonia. They won two Macedonian Women's Football Championship titles, in 2020 and 2021.

2021–22 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying rounds
The 2021–22 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying rounds began on 17 August and ended on 9 September 2021.

A total of 68 teams competed in the group stage qualifying rounds of the 2021–22 UEFA Women's Champions League, which includes two rounds, with 46 teams in the Champions Path and 22 teams in the League Path. The 12 winners in the round 2 (seven from Champions Path, five from League Path) advanced to the group stage, to join the four teams that entered in that round.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
Bornean crested fireback
The Bornean crested fireback, Lophura ignita, is a large, sexually dimorphic, and distinctly-coloured pheasant of the family Galliformes endemic to the rainforests of Borneo and the surrounding islands. It is a non-migrating omnivorous species, often seen in groups of 5–6 in the rainforest lowlands. As of 2020 they were classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to population decline from habitat loss and deforestation, hunting, and trapping for the cage bird trade.

Land bridge
In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands. A land bridge can be created by marine regression, in which sea levels fall, exposing shallow, previously submerged sections of continental shelf; or when new land is created by plate tectonics; or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post-glacial rebound after an ice age.
BNI City railway station
6°12′07″S 106°49′15″E﻿ / ﻿6.201917°S 106.820913°E﻿ / -6.201917; 106.820913

BNI City station (Indonesian: Stasiun BNI City) is a station for the Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link and KAI Commuter service. Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) holds the naming rights for the station, which was known as Sudirman Baru station (English: New Sudirman station) during construction period. The station is located in Central Jakarta, on the north bank of West Flood Canal, about a hundred meters from Sudirman Commuter Rail station. The station is part of Dukuh Atas TOD.

Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Pusat, Betawi: Jakarté Bèlah Tengah), abbreviated as Jakpus, is one of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) and de facto Capital City of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. It had 902,973 inhabitants according to the 2010 census and 1,056,896 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,103,357, comprising 553,471 males and 549,886 females. Central Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality.

Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five administrative cities of Jakarta. It is both the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia. Central Jakarta contains several large international hotels and major landmarks such as Hotel Indonesia.
Deborah Brennan
Deborah Jane Brennan AM FASSA is an Australian Professor in social policy research, who was awarded a Member of the Order of Australia, in the Queens Birthday Honours list, in 2022, for her significant service to social policy research, gender equity and tertiary education.

Productivity Commission
The Productivity Commission (PC) is the Australian Government's principal review and advisory body on microeconomic policy, regulation and a range of other social and environmental issues.

The PC was created as an independent authority by the Productivity Commission Act 1998, an Act of the Australian Parliament. PC reports often form the basis of government policy. However, the PC does not administer government programs or exercise executive power and governments are not required to act on its recommendations; although in practice, many recommendations are accepted.
Swyncombe
Swyncombe is a hamlet and large civil parish in the high Chilterns, within the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) east of Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England.  Swyncombe hamlet consists almost entirely of its Church of England parish church of Saint Botolph, the former rectory and Swyncombe House. The population of the parish is in the hamlets of Cookley Green and Russell's Water, and the scattered hamlet of Park Corner. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 250.  It is partially forested and is the fifth largest of 87 civil parishes in the District.

Russell's Water
Russell's Water  is a hamlet about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Henley-on-Thames in South Oxfordshire. It is in the Chiltern Hills about 620 feet (190 m) above sea level. There is 20th-century and older housing, a village hall, an area of common land called Russell's Water Common to the east and a large duck pond. The pond featured in the 1968 film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and cast members Adrian Hall and Heather Ripley returned to the location for a TV documentary about the making of the film in 2004.
1982 Pau Grand Prix
The 1982 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 31 May 1982 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Johnny Cecotto, driving the March 822. Thierry Boutsen finished second and Mike Thackwell third.

After leading much of the race, Corrado Fabi retired leaving Thierry Boutsen and a charging Johnny Cecotto as the two front-runners in the final laps. Eventually, Cecotto passed Boutsen for the lead to take his second win of the 1982 European Formula Two season and take his first Pau Grand Prix win.

Pau Grand Prix
The Pau Grand Prix (French: Grand Prix de Pau) is a motor race held in Pau, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department of southwestern France. The French Grand Prix was held at Pau in 1930, leading to the annual Pau Grand Prix being inaugurated in 1933. It was not run during World War II and in 2020–2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The race takes place around the centre of the city, where public roads are closed to form a street circuit, and over the years the event has variously conformed to the rules of Grand Prix racing, Formula One, Formula Two, Formula 3000, Formula Three, Formula Libre, sports car racing, and touring car racing.

In 2021, Autocar included the Pau Grand Prix in its list of "The 10 best street circuits in the world".