hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grass-green tanager
The grass-green tanager (Chlorornis riefferii) is a small South America bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Chlorornis.

The grass-green tanager is 20 cm in length and weighs 53g. It lives in and around subtropical and temperate forests in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru at elevations of 1500–3350 m.

It is seen in pairs or in groups of 3-6 individuals. It forages mostly on the upper half of short trees and eats fruits and insects. It is known to perch almost horizontally. Its nest is made of mosses and ferns, and its eggs are gray with light purple-grey dots.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
2003 Open Championship
The 2003 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 132nd Open Championship, held from 17 to 20 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Ben Curtis won his only major title, one stroke ahead of runners-up Thomas Bjørn and Vijay Singh. Bjørn had led in the final round by two shots with three holes to play, but needed three attempts to play out of a greenside bunker on the 16th hole. Playing in his first major championship and number 396 in the world rankings, Curtis became the first debut winner at The Open since Tom Watson in 1975.

1975 Open Championship
The 1975 Open Championship was the 104th Open Championship, played 9–13 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Scotland. In his first Open, Tom Watson won an 18-hole playoff by one stroke over Jack Newton to win the first of his eight major titles, which included five Open Championships.
Tourist attractions in Kalahandi district
Bhawanipatna is classified as one of the major tourist destinations by the tourism Department of Government of Odisha. All the tourist attraction in Kalahandi region comes under Bhawanipatna jurisdiction. Though tourist potential of Kalahandi has not been fully exploited, the land is rich in terms of waterfalls, forest and wild life, natural scenery, tribal life, mountains, agriculture field, historical sites and handicrafts. The best time to visit Kalahandi region is from October to March. April–June is hard Summer and temperatures may reach 45 degree C and June to August is the Monsoon Season. While it occasionally rains in September, the Nuakhai festival is help in September and Dassara is held at the end of September or early October. The celebration of Chaitra occurs in February/March.

Asurgarh
Asurgarh is an archaeological site in the Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. Asurgarh is one of the sites which has its beginning in around 5th century BCE to 5th century AD and emerged as one of the early urban fortified settlements in the region and it is older than Sisupalgarh. Pre-Mauryan, Mauryan and Gupta period coins are found in large number, these coins, discovered at Asurgarh, are categorized into two groups: 69 belong to the pre-Mauryan period, while 272 are from the Mauryan epoch and Gupta period. Excavations at Asurgarh in the Kalahandi district of Odisha have provided evidence suggesting that the earliest phase of fortification might belong to the Mauryan period. Among the findings was a piece of Chunar sandstone (a fine grained, reddish-buff coloured hard stone found in Uttar Pradesh) with the characteristic Mauryan polish, as well as various pottery items.
JOM (journal)
JOM is a technical journal devoted to exploring the many aspects of materials, science and engineering published monthly by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) (a member-based professional society). JOM reports scholarly work that explores the many aspects of materials science and engineering within the broad topical areas of light metals, structural materials, functional materials, extraction and processing, and materials processing and manufacturing. JOM strives to balance the interests of the laboratory and the marketplace by reporting academic, industrial, and government-sponsored work from around the world.

Functional Materials
Functional Materials is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute for Single Crystals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The journal was established in 1994 and covers fundamental and applied research on organic and non-organic functional materials. Functional Materials has been included in the list of scientific journals recognized by the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine.
Cora dewisanti
Cora dewisanti is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Bibiana Moncada, Alejandra Suárez-Corredor, and Robert Lücking. The specific epithet dewisanti refers to the Welsh version of the name David (Dewi Sant), and honours mycologist David Leslie Hawksworth. The lichen occurs at elevations above 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the northern Andes from Venezuela to Ecuador, where it grows on the ground between bryophytes and other lichens.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Gießen (electoral district)
Gießen is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 172. It is located in central Hesse, comprising the Gießen district and the northwestern part of the Vogelsbergkreis district.

Gießen was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Felix Döring of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Frederik Bouffier of the CDU.

Giessen (district)
Giessen (Landkreis Giessen in German) (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsən]) is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hessen, Germany. Neighboring districts are Marburg-Biedenkopf, Vogelsbergkreis, Wetteraukreis, and Lahn-Dill.
Liverpool's Dream
Liverpool’s Dream was a three-day outdoor performance art event featuring giant marionettes, that took place in Liverpool, England, from 5 to 7 October 2018. The event attracted more than a million visitors to the city and was, in part, a celebration of the 10th anniversary of Liverpool’s year as European Capital of Culture in 2008. It was billed as being the last appearance of the giants and the final show of the ‘Giants Trilogy’ after Sea Odyssey and Memories of August 1914.

Memories of August 1914
Memories of August 1914 was a five-day outdoor performance art event featuring giant marionettes, and took place in Liverpool, England, from 23 to 27 July  2014. The event started with the sleeping Grandmother on display in St George's Hall. On the Friday, approximately 300,000 people watched the giants in the city. On the final day, the giants left the city in a boat on the River Mersey, after making their way from Clarence Dock via The Strand. Crowd estimates show that over the course of the weekend, more than 1.5 million people attended the event.

It was designed and operated by the French street theatre company Royal de Luxe, and featured two of the three giants, the Little Giant Girl and her dog, Xolo, that were used in the Sea Odyssey: Giant Spectacular in 2012. The event is to mark 100 years since the start of World War I.
Nagaoka, Niigata
Nagaoka (長岡市, Nagaoka-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is the second largest city in the prefecture, after the capital city of Niigata. As of 4 August 2021, the city had an estimated population of 264,611 in 109,283 households and a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi). The total area of the city was 891.06 square kilometres (344.04 sq mi).

Kawai Tsugunosuke
Kawai Tsugunosuke (河井 継之助, January 27, 1827 – October 1, 1868) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who served the Makino clan of Nagaoka. Kawai was a senior military commander of Nagaoka forces during the Boshin War of 1868–1869. He escaped to nearby Aizu after his domain's fall; however, he contracted gangrene from an untreated leg wound, and died in Aizu.
Entomophily
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Flowers pollinated by insects typically advertise themselves with bright colours, sometimes with conspicuous patterns (honey guides) leading to rewards of pollen and nectar; they may also have an attractive scent which in some cases mimics insect pheromones. Insect pollinators such as bees have adaptations for their role, such as lapping or sucking mouthparts to take in nectar, and in some species also pollen baskets on their hind legs. This required the coevolution of insects and flowering plants in the development of pollination behaviour by the insects and pollination mechanisms by the flowers, benefiting both groups. Both the size and the density of a population are known to affect pollination and subsequent reproductive performance.

Proboscis
A proboscis (/proʊˈbɒsɪs, -kɪs/) is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout.
Lead Upturn 2021 Online Live: Sonic Boom & GuiDance
Lead Upturn 2021 Online Live: Sonic Boom & GuiDance (stylized as Lead Upturn 2021 ONLINE LIVE ～Sonic Boom & GuiDance~) is the eighteenth concert video released by Japanese hip-hop group Lead. The concert video was released on the 30th of March, 2022. It debuted at No. 12 on the Oricon DVD charts.

The concerts was performed without a live audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Singularity (Lead album)
Singularity is the ninth studio album released by the Japanese hip hop group Lead, released on March 18, 2020, nearly two years after their previous album, Milestone. It debuted at No. 12 on the Oricon charts, becoming their first in eight years not to debut in the top ten.

The album included their singles "Be the Naked", "Summer Vacation" and "Hide and Seek/Sunset Refrain".

Singularity was released in three separate editions; a CD only version, a 2CD edition that contained a special booklet, and a CD+DVD edition, which housed music videos for not only the videos from the singles, but the previously unreleased video for "Hide and Seek".
Deputatskaya Street, Novosibirsk
Deputatskaya Street (Russian: Депутатская улица) is a street in Zheleznodorozhny and Tsentralny districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. It consists of two fragments. The first fragment crosses Street of Revolution and forms a T-intersection with Uritsky Street. The second fragment starts from a T-shaped intersection with Krasny Avenue, crosses Kamenskaya Street and forms a T-intersection with Shamshin Family Street.

Zheleznodorozhny District, Novosibirsk
Zheleznodorozhny District (Russian: Железнодорожный район) is an administrative district (raion) of Central Okrug, one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 8.3 km2 (2.5 sq mi). Population: 64 972 (2017).
New Quantity System
The New Quantity System, or the Great British Vowel Shift, was a radical restructuring of the phonological system of the Common Brittonic language which occurred sometime after the middle of the first millennium AD, resulting in the collapse of the early Brittonic system of phonemic vowel length oppositions, which was inherited from Proto-Celtic, and its replacement by a system in which the formerly allophonic qualitative differences between long and short vowels is phonemicized, and vowel length becomes allophonic, and is determined by stress and syllable structure.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Andrzej Wierciński
Andrzej Wierciński (born March 10, 1961) is a Polish hermeneutician, philosopher, and theologian. As the transdisciplinary thinker, he is Professor of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Artes Liberales at the University of Warsaw, President-Founder (2001) of the International Institute for Hermeneutics (IIH), and President of Agora Hermeneutica (IIH).

Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hans-Georg Gadamer (/ˈɡɑːdəmər/; German: [ˈɡaːdamɐ]; 11 February 1900 – 13 March 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus on hermeneutics Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode).
Voot
Voot was an Indian subscription video-on-demand and over-the-top streaming service owned by Viacom18, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Network18. The service was initially launched on 4 May 2016. It initially launched as an advertising-supported service, before introducing a subscription tier in 2020 under the Voot Select banner.

Network18 Group
Network18 Media & Investments Limited (d/b/a Network18 Group) is an Indian media conglomerate owned by the Reliance Industries with 56.89% share headed by Mukesh Ambani and rest of 43.11% is equity holding. Rahul Joshi is the managing director, chief executive officer and group editor-in-chief, and Adil Zainulbhai is the chairman of its board of directors.

Incorporated in 1996 by Geeta and Rakesh Gupta, the company was acquired by Ritu Kapur and Raghav Bahl to be converted into a conglomerate holding company between 2003 and 2006. It oversaw one of the largest collections of media properties in India following its conversion but became encumbered with debt due to aggressive expansions. In 2012, the company entered into a debt agreement with Reliance Industries, through which it was granted a number of channels from the ETV Network. The agreement eventually enabled a hostile takeover of the company in 2014.
State Batteries in Western Australia
State Batteries in Western Australia were government owned and run ore-crushing facilities for the gold mining industry.  Western Australia was the only Australian state to provide batteries to assist gold prospectors and small mines. They existed in almost all of the mineral fields of Western Australia.

State Batteries were gold batteries where ore was crushed to separate gold ore. Stamp mills were gauged by the number of heads they had in operation for the crushing of ore.

Many of the government operated batteries had very short operating times, some for a year or two, while a few were 50 years or more in operation.  They were part of the Western Australian Department of Mines operations.

Stamp mill
A stamp mill (or stamp battery or stamping mill) is a type of mill machine that crushes material by pounding rather than grinding, either for further processing or for extraction of metallic ores. Breaking material down is a type of unit operation.
2018 Pan American Wushu Championships
The 2018 Pan American Wushu Championships was the 12th edition of the Pan American Wushu Championships. It was held from October 30 to November 5, 2018 at the Polideportivo Roberto Pando in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

It ran adjacent to the Pan American Junior Wushu Championships.

Pan American Wushu Championships
The Pan American Wushu Championships is a continental wushu championship hosted by the Pan American Wushu Federation (PAWF), the official continental representative of Pan America to the International Wushu Federation (IWUF). Since 1996, the Pan American Wushu Championships have been held every two years. The PAWF also hosts the Pan American Kungfu & Taijiquan Championships.
Daniel Yanofsky
Daniel Abraham "Abe" Yanofsky (March 25, 1925 – March 5, 2000) was a Canadian chess player, chess arbiter, writer, lawyer, and politician. An eight-time Canadian chess champion, Yanofsky was Canada's first grandmaster and the first grandmaster of the British Commonwealth.

16th Chess Olympiad
The 16th Chess Olympiad (Hebrew: אולימפיאדת השחמט ה-16, Olimpiadat ha-shachmat ha-16), organized by FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between November 2 and November 25, 1964, in Tel Aviv, Israel.

The Soviet team with 6 GMs, led by world champion Petrosian, lived up to expectations and won their seventh consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and West Germany taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
LBG-2377
LBG-2377 is the most distant galaxy merger discovered, as of 2008, at a distance of 11.4 billion light years. This galaxy merger is so distant that the universe was in its infancy when its light was emitted. It is expected that this galaxy proto-cluster will merge to form a brightest cluster galaxy, and become the core of a larger galaxy cluster.

Galaxy merger
Galaxy mergers can occur when two (or more) galaxies collide.  They are the most violent type of galaxy interaction. The gravitational interactions between galaxies and the friction between the gas and dust have major effects on the galaxies involved, but the exact effects of such mergers depend on a wide variety of parameters such as collision angles, speeds, and relative size/composition, and are currently an extremely active area of research. Galaxy mergers are important because the merger rate is a fundamental measurement of galaxy evolution and also provides astronomers with clues about how galaxies grew into their current forms over long stretches of time.
Clyde River, Nunavut
Clyde River (Syllabics: ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ, Inuktitut: Kangiqtugaapik "nice little inlet") is an Inuit hamlet located on the shore of Baffin Island's Patricia Bay, off Kangiqtugaapik, an arm of Davis Strait in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It lies in the Baffin Mountains which in turn form part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain range. The community is served by air and by annual supply sealift.

The community is served by Quluaq School, the Northern Stores, an arena, a community hall, an Anglican church (the Church of the Redeemer), a health centre, hotel and Clyde River Airport with regular flights to Iqaluit and Pond Inlet.

Baffin Mountains
The Baffin Mountains are a mountain range running along the northeastern coast of Baffin Island and Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. The ice-capped mountains are part of the Arctic Cordillera and have some of the highest peaks of eastern North America, reaching a height of 1,525–2,146 metres (5,003–7,041 ft) above sea level. While they are separated by bodies of water to make Baffin Island, they are closely related to the other mountain ranges that make the much larger Arctic Cordillera mountain range.
Chotów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Chotów [ˈxɔtuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasocin, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Krasocin, 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Włoszczowa, and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Krasocin
Krasocin [kraˈsɔt͡ɕin] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krasocin. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Włoszczowa and 36 km (22 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
91 Aquarii b
91 Aquarii b, also known as HD 219449 b, is an extrasolar planet orbiting in the 91 Aquarii system approximately 148 light-years away in the constellation of Aquarius.  It orbits at the average distance of 105 million km from its star, which is slightly closer than Venus is to the sun (108 million km).  The planet takes half an Earth year to orbit around the star in a very circular orbit with eccentricity less than 0.053.

91 Aquarii
91 Aquarii is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. It also bears the Bayer designation Psi1 Aquarii (ψ1 Aqr, ψ1 Aquarii). It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.248. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of around 150 light-years (46 parsecs) from Earth. An extrasolar planet is known to orbit the main star.
Caravaggio (restaurant)
Caravaggio is an Italian restaurant located at 23 East 74th Street (between 5th Avenue and Madison Avenue) on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, in New York City.  It is around the corner from the Met Breuer.

Met Breuer
The Met Breuer (/ˈbrɔɪ.ər/ BROY-ər) was a museum of modern and contemporary art in the Breuer Building at Madison Avenue and East 75th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It served as a branch museum of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (known as the Met) from 2016 to 2020.

The Met Breuer opened in March 2016 in the Whitney Museum of American Art's Breuer Building, designed by Marcel Breuer and completed in 1966. Its works came from the Met's collection, and it housed both monographic and thematic exhibitions.

In March 2020, the museum announced it would temporarily close due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Three months later, in June, the Met announced that the museum would close permanently. Control of the building was transferred to the Frick Collection between 2021 and 2024 during renovations to the Frick's main building, an arrangement which predated the COVID outbreak.