hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Downward to the Earth
Downward to the Earth is a 1970 science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg. It is a tale of the quest for transcendence (a frequent Silverberg theme) set on another planet, and includes references to Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad's classic tale of colonialism,
including the name of Kurtz. Its title references Ecclesiastes 3:21 in the Bible ("Who knows if the spirit of people rises upward and the spirit of animals goes downward to the earth?").

Downward to the Earth was originally published as a four-part serial publication, starting in the November 1969 edition of Galaxy Science Fiction.  It was nominated for a Locus Award in 1971.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Bloom*Iz
Bloom*Iz (pronounced "bloom eyes") is the first and only Korean-language studio album by South Korean–Japanese girl group Iz*One, a project group formed through the 2018 Mnet reality competition show Produce 48. The album was released on February 17, 2020 by Off the Record Entertainment and distributed by Stone Music Entertainment and Genie Music. It features 12 tracks, including the lead single "Fiesta".

The album was originally scheduled for release on November 11, 2019, but it was postponed following the Mnet vote manipulation investigation, it was the group's first full-length album since their debut in October 2018, and their first Korean release since Heart*Iz the previous year.

The album is available in three different versions: "I Was", "I Am", and "I Will".

Heart*Iz
Heart*Iz (stylized in all caps, pronounced "heart eyes") is the second extended play (EP) by South Korean–Japanese girl group Iz*One, a project group formed through the 2018 Mnet reality competition show Produce 48. The EP was released on April 1, 2019 by Off the Record Entertainment. It is available in two versions: "Violeta" and "Sapphire", and consists of eight tracks with "Violeta" serving as its lead single.
Thulium(III) oxalate
Thulium(III) oxalate is the oxalate of thulium with the chemical formula Tm2(C2O4)3. Its hydrate can be prepared by reacting an aqueous solution of thulium(III) chloride and a benzene solution of dimethyl oxalate. Its pentahydrate is decomposed by heat to obtain the dihydrate, which is further heated to obtain thulium(III) oxide. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to obtain H[Tm(C2O4)2]·6H2O.

Oxalate
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C2O2−4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH3)2C2O4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid. At neutral pH in aqueous solution, oxalic acid converts completely to oxalate.
Marina Timofeieva
Marina Timofeieva (born 24 February 1984 in Tallinn) is an Estonian ice dancer. With partner Evgeni Striganov, she is the 2003 & 2004 Estonian national champion. They were five time competitors at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships, with the highest placement of 17th in 2003. They placed 22nd at the 2003 European Figure Skating Championships and 26th at the 2003 World Figure Skating Championships. They were coached by Lea Rand, the mother of fellow Estonian ice dancers Kristjan and Taavi Rand.

Kristjan Rand
Kristjan (or Kristian) Rand (born 12 June 1987) is an Estonian former ice dancer. With Grethe Grünberg, he is the 2007 World Junior silver medalist and the 2005–2007 Estonian national champion. With Caitlin Mallory, he competed in the final segment at four ISU Championships.
WKGE
WKGE (850 AM) was a radio station licensed to Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and broadcasting with 10 kW day and night. Its final owner was Edward A. Schober through licensee Zip2, LLC. The station operated for 99 years, from 1925 to 2024, in its last two decades spending much of its existence simulcasting other stations. WKGE used a complex directional antenna to protect other stations on 850 kHz, a factor in the station's closure.

Loretto, Pennsylvania
Loretto is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Loretto had a population of 1,196. Like the rest of Cambria County, it is part of the Johnstown Metropolitan Statistical Area. Loretto is the home of Saint Francis University.
Rohan Jayasekera (cricketer)
Rohan Stanley Amarasiriwardene Jayasekera (born 7 December 1957), or Rohan Jayasekera, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who represented Sri Lanka in one Test match and two One Day Internationals, and Canada in four ICC Trophy matches.

History of cricket in Sri Lanka
Cricket was introduced to Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) in the first quarter of the 19th century, following colonisation of the island by the British. The earliest known match was recorded in 1832 and the earliest first-class one in 1926. The national team has played Test cricket from 1982. The national team has achieved international success by winning the 1996 Cricket World Cup and the 2014 ICC World Twenty20. Cricket is played nationwide with Test venues in Colombo, Galle, Kandy and Moratuwa. The country's most notable players include Aravinda de Silva, Arjuna Ranatunga, Rangana Herath, Sanath Jayasuriya, Mahela Jayawardene, Muttiah Muralitharan, Kumar Sangakkara and Chaminda Vaas. Administration and governance are performed by Sri Lanka Cricket, which was founded in July 1922 as the Ceylon Cricket Association (CCA). The main domestic competition is the Premier Trophy which attained first-class status in 1988.
Easter in Corfu
Easter in Corfu is a unique blend of Catholic and Orthodox Christian religious traditions, influenced by Venetian customs and local cultural elements. Since the period of Venetian rule, Easter has been jointly celebrated by both the Orthodox and Catholic Churches.

The most significant days, rich in traditions and customs, are Holy Friday and Holy Saturday, during which the most characteristic ceremonies of Holy Week take place.

Philharmonic Society of Corfu
The Philharmonic Society of Corfu (Greek: Φιλαρμονική Εταιρεία Κερκύρας), or Old Philharmonic (Παλαιά Φιλαρμονική) (to be distinguished from the other 17 bands on the island), is a widely known community music band in Corfu, Greece.

When it was founded in 1840, its initial scope was to become the first Greek music academy organised on European prototypes. Its first Artistic Director was Nikolaos Halikiopoulos Mantzaros, who retained this office until his death in 1872. The Philharmonic (PSC) had a fully organised programme of tuition both in music theory and practice. Its students, who for the first time in modern Hellenic history could learn music regardless of their social class, had the opportunity to be taught by professional musicians and teachers basic music theory, harmony, counterpoint, instrumentation, composition, as well as piano, vocal music, string and wind instruments.
Roy Waldron
Roy J. Waldron (April 3, 1894 – May 15, 1963) was a batboy for the St. Louis Browns before he turned to training Thoroughbred racehorses. He is best known for winning the 1940 Kentucky Derby with Gallahadion, a colt he race conditioned for Ethel V. Mars of chocolate bar fame.

Glossary of North American horse racing
The following is a glossary of North American horse racing.

Additional glossaries at:

Glossary of Australian and New Zealand punting

Glossary of equestrian terms

Parimutuel betting#Parimutuel bet types
Toano, Reggio Emilia
Toano (Reggiano: Toân; locally Tvân or Tuân) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Reggio Emilia.

Toano borders the following municipalities: Baiso, Carpineti, Frassinoro, Montefiorino, Palagano, Prignano sulla Secchia, Villa Minozzo. It counts the hamlets (frazioni) of Cavola, Cerrè Marabino, Cerredolo, Frale, Massa di Toano and Quara.

Villa Minozzo
Villa Minozzo (Reggiano: La Vìla da Mnòcc) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Bologna and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia.
Skam (TV series)
Skam (stylized as SKAM; Norwegian pronunciation: [skɑm]; English: Shame) is a Norwegian teen drama streaming television series about the daily life of teenagers at the Hartvig Nissen School, a gymnasium in the wealthy borough of Frogner in West End Oslo and Norway's oldest high school for girls. It was produced by NRK P3, which is part of the Norwegian public broadcaster NRK.

Despite no promotion ahead of its 2015 launch, Skam broke viewership records. Its premiere episode is among the most-watched episodes in NRK's history, and by the middle of season two, it was responsible for half of NRK's traffic. With season three, it broke all streaming records in Norway, along with viewership records in neighboring countries Denmark, Finland and Sweden, and attracted an active international fanbase on social media, where fans promoted translations.

The series ended with its fourth season in 2017, reportedly due to high production stress.

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying/harassment) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online/internet harassment and trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i-Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them.
Dragan Skočić
Dragan Skočić (born 3 September 1968) is a Croatian professional football coach and former player, who is the manager of Iranian club Tractor.

Skočić played as a midfielder in Croatia, Spain and the UAE for Rijeka, Las Palmas, Compostela, Novalja and Al-Ittihad Kalba.

Persian Gulf Pro League
The Persian Gulf Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر ایران, Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professional association football league in Iran and the highest level of the Iranian football league system. It is controlled by the FFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.

Each year, its top team becomes the Iranian football champion, and the two lowest finishers are relegated to the Azadegan League.

Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with the Hazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
Ali Muhammad Rashidi
Ali Muhammad Rashdi (Urdu: پیر علی محمد راشدی  (1905–1987) was a Pakistani writer, journalist, politician, parliamentarian, and diplomat. Notably, he served as Pakistan's ambassador to the Philippines from 1957 to 1961 and to China from 1961 to 1962. Rashdi also held ministerial positions in Sindh and served as the central minister for information and broadcasting. He was the elder brother of scholar Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi.

Muhammad Ayub Khuhro
Muhammad Ayub Khuhro (Sindhi: محمد ايوب کهڙو) (14 August 1901 – 1980) was a Pakistani politician who served as the Chief Minister of Sindh for three terms, and as the Defence Minister in the Feroz Khan Noon Ministry.

In 1946, Khuhro was elected by the Sindh Provincial Assembly to be among the three members to represent the province in the Constituent Assembly of India but he abdicated attendance until the Mountbatten Plan sanctioned the creation of Pakistan and its own constituent assembly.

Hamida Khuhro, an academic, is his daughter and has written his biography.
Jet2 plc
Jet2 plc (formerly Dart Group plc) is a British multinational airline company based in Leeds, England.

Its head office is listed as Low Fare Finder House on the grounds of Leeds Bradford Airport, England. Subsidiary Jet2.com has its head office in the same building. The commercial operations for the company are based at Holiday House, an office building in Leeds' city centre.

The company's name for most of its existence was derived from the type of aircraft that it first flew, the Handley Page Dart Herald. After selling off other units, the company rebranded as Jet2 in 2020. The stock ticker symbol also changed to Jet2 to reflect the name change.

Newcastle International Airport
Newcastle International Airport (IATA: NCL, ICAO: EGNT) is an international airport serving Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Located approximately 7.7 mi (12.4 km) from Newcastle City Centre, it is the primary and busiest airport in North East England, and the second busiest in Northern England. In 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Newcastle International handled 5.2 million passengers annually.

Newcastle Airport has a Civil Aviation Authority Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P725) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.

In 2019, it was named the best airport in Europe of those serving 5–15 million passengers annually by Airports Council International (ACI) for the second consecutive year.
Elano
Elano Blumer (born 14 June 1981), known as Elano, is a Brazilian football coach and former player who played as an attacking midfielder.

Known for his accurate passing and precise set pieces, Elano started his senior career at Santos, and spent six years in Europe in the service of Shakhtar Donetsk, Manchester City and Galatasaray. He returned to Santos in 2011, and later joined fellow league teams Grêmio and Flamengo, before signing for Chennaiyin of the Indian Super League as their marquee player. In 2015, after finishing the season as the league's top scorer, Elano rejoined Santos for a third spell.

Elano earned 50 caps for the Brazil national team between 2004 and 2011, scoring nine goals. He represented the nation at their triumphs in the 2007 Copa América and the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, and also played at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2011 Copa América. After retiring, he became a manager in 2020.

2015 Indian Super League final
The 2015 Indian Super League Cup final was a football match between Goa and Chennaiyin who reached the final of 2015 Indian Super League played on 20 December 2015 at the Fatorda Stadium in Goa. Chennayin defeated Goa 3–2 in the match to win the season. it was a spectacular match
University of Plymouth
The University of Plymouth is a public research university based predominantly in Plymouth, England, where the main campus is located, but the university has campuses and affiliated colleges across South West England. With 18,410 students, it is the 57th largest in the United Kingdom by total number of students (including the Open University).

Judith Wilcox, Baroness Wilcox
Judith Ann Wilcox, Baroness Wilcox (née Freeman; born 31 October 1939) is a businesswoman and a life peer.  She was awarded her peerage in 1996 as one of the first Working Peers for her services to Consumer Services. She sat in the House of Lords as a Conservative until her retirement in 2020.

She was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Business Innovation and Skills (Intellectual Property) from 2010 to 2012. She has been a member of the European Union Select Committee since 2015, working closely with Government departments planning the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union.
Somerset Royal Horse Artillery
The Somerset Royal Horse Artillery was a Territorial Force Royal Horse Artillery battery that was formed in Somerset in 1908.  It saw active service during the First World War in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign with the ANZAC Mounted Division from 1916 to 1918.  A second line battery, 2/1st Somerset RHA, served on the Western Front with the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division from 1916 to 1918.  It was disembodied after the end of the war and was not reconstituted in the Territorial Force in 1920.

Australian Mounted Division
The Australian Mounted Division originally formed as the Imperial Mounted Division in January 1917, was a mounted infantry, light horse and yeomanry division. The division was formed in Egypt, and along with the Anzac Mounted Division formed part of Desert Column, Egyptian Expeditionary Force in World War I. The division was originally made up of the Australian 3rd Light Horse Brigade, (formerly Anzac Mounted Division) the reconstituted 4th Light Horse Brigade, and two British yeomanry brigades; the 5th Mounted Brigade and 6th Mounted Brigade.
2015 Sacramento Challenger
The 2015 Sacramento Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sacramento, California, United States between 3 October and 11 October 2015.

Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament
The Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament was a tennis tournament held in Sacramento, California, United States from  2005 until 2015. The event was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and was played on outdoor hard courts.
Overton United F.C.
Overton United Football Club is an English football club based in Overton, near Basingstoke in Hampshire. The club is affiliated to the Hampshire Football Association, and is an FA Charter Standard club. They currently play in the Hampshire Premier League Division One.They also have a reserve side, Overton United reserves play in the Basingstoke Saturday league, they also have a Veterans Sunday side along with a Sunday side in the Basingstoke Sunday League.

Hampshire Premier League
The Hampshire Premier League or uhlsport Hampshire Premier League, for sponsorship reasons, is a football competition based in Hampshire, England. The league was formed in 2007 and currently consists of a 'Senior Division' of 16 teams and a Division One of 14 teams.
British Film-Makers
British Film-Makers (BFM) was a short lived production scheme that operated in Britain in the early 1950s as a co operative venture between the Rank Organisation and the National Film Finance Corporation (NFFC). Its notable films included The Card (1952) and The Malta Story (1953).

The Rank Organisation
The Rank Organisation (founded as the J. Arthur Rank Organisation) was a British entertainment conglomerate founded in 1937 by industrialist J. Arthur Rank. It quickly became the largest and most vertically integrated film company in the United Kingdom, owning production, distribution, and exhibition facilities, as well as manufacturing projection equipment and chairs. It diversified into the manufacture of radios, TVs, and photocopiers (as one of the owners of Rank Xerox). The company name lasted until February 1996, when the name and some of the remaining assets were absorbed into the newly structured Rank Group plc. The company itself became a wholly owned subsidiary of Xerox and was renamed XRO Limited in 1997.

The company's logo, the Gongman, first used in 1935 by the group's distribution company, General Film Distributors and seen in the opening titles of the films, became a celebrated and enduring film emblem.
Newton Heath TMD
Newton Heath TMD is a traction maintenance depot in Newton Heath, Manchester, England, at the junction of the Calder Valley Line and the former Oldham Loop Line 2+1⁄4 mi (3.6 km) east of Manchester Victoria station.

British Rail Class 156
The British Rail Class 156 Super Sprinter is a diesel-hydraulic multiple unit passenger train. A total of 114 sets were built between 1987 and 1989 for British Rail by Metro-Cammell's Washwood Heath works. They were built to replace elderly first-generation DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains.
Bridge over Fountain Creek (U.S. Route 24)
The Bridge over Fountain Creek which was built to bring U.S. Route 24 (US 24) over Fountain Creek, approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north of Manitou Springs, Colorado, was built in 1932. It now carries US 24 Business (US 24 Bus.; Manitou Avenue). It is an open spandrel deck arch span. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

It was designed by engineer King Burghardt, who was "one of the Highway Department's most innovative bridge engineers". It is a 160-foot (49 m) reinforced concrete bridge. It "featured attractive rubble masonry retaining walls and lamposts at the approaches", but the lamposts have since been removed. Burghardt also designed the Red Cliff Bridge which carries US 24 in Red Cliff, Colorado, and Sevenmile Bridge, near Creede, Colorado, both of which are also listed on the National Register.

It was constructed by contractor Pueblo Bridge & Construction Co. at cost of $44,695 (equivalent to $8.1 million in 2023 dollars).

Manitou Springs, Colorado
Manitou Springs is a home rule municipality located at the foot of Pikes Peak in western El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The town was founded for its natural mineral springs. The downtown area continues to be of interest to travelers, particularly in the summer, with many shops and restaurants, as well as a creekside city park. The main road through the center of town was one of the direct paths to the base of Pikes Peak. Barr Trail, which winds its way up Pikes Peak, is accessible from town. The subdivision Crystal Hills was added to the municipality in the 1960s.

The city population was 4,858 at the 2020 United States census. Students are served by Manitou Springs School District 14 and Manitou Springs High School.
Multilevel feedback queue
In computer science, a multilevel feedback queue is a scheduling algorithm. Scheduling algorithms are designed to have some process running at all times to keep the central processing unit (CPU) busy. The multilevel feedback queue extends standard algorithms with the following design requirements:

Separate processes into multiple ready queues based on their need for the processor.

Give preference to processes with short CPU bursts.

Give preference to processes with high I/O bursts. (I/O bound processes will sleep in the wait queue to give other processes CPU time.)

The multilevel feedback queue was first developed by Fernando J. Corbató (1962). For this accomplishment, the Association for Computing Machinery awarded Corbató the Turing Award.

Preemption (computing)
In computing, preemption is the act performed by an external scheduler — without assistance or cooperation from the task — of temporarily interrupting an executing task, with the intention of resuming it at a later time.: 153  This preemptive scheduler usually runs in the most privileged protection ring, meaning that interruption and then  resumption are considered highly secure actions. Such changes to the currently executing task of a processor are known as context switching.