hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Urdu ghazal
The Urdu ghazal is a literary form of the ghazal-poetry unique to the Indian subcontinent, written in the Urdu standard of the Hindostani language. It is commonly asserted that the ghazal spread to South Asia from the influence of Sufi mystics in the Delhi Sultanate.

A ghazal is composed of ashaar, which are similar to couplets, that rhyme in a pattern of AA BA CA DA EA (and so on), with each individual she'r (couplet) typically presenting a complete idea not necessarily related to the rest of the poem. They are often described as being individual pearls that make up a united necklace.

Classically, the ghazal inhabits the consciousness of a passionate, desperate lover, wherein deeper reflections of life are found in the audience's awareness of what some commentators and historians call "The Ghazal Universe", which can be described as a store of characters, settings, and other tropes the genre employs to create meaning.

Matla'
In Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry, the matla' (from Arabic مطلع maṭlaʿ; Persian: مطلع; Azerbaijani: mətlə; Turkish: matla; Uzbek: matla; Urdu: مطلع) is the first bayt, or couplet, of a ghazal. In this sense, it is the opposite of the maqta'. It is possible, although extremely rare, for there to be more than one matla' in a ghazal; in this case the second is referred to as husn e Matla. It is important part because it establishes the overall form and mood of the entire ghazal.

The defining feature of the matla' is that both verses of the couplet rhyme, or expressed in technical terminology, both verses end with the qafiya and radif of the ghazal. In fact, the purpose of the matla' is to define the qafiya and radif for the rest of the ghazal.
Shipworm
The shipworms, also called teredo worms or simply teredo (from Ancient Greek  τερηδών (terēdṓn) 'wood-worm', via Latin terēdō), are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae, a group of saltwater clams with long and soft bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in seawater, including such structures as wooden piers, docks, and ships; they drill passages by means of a pair of very small shells ("valves") borne at one end, with which they rasp their way through. They are sometimes called "termites of the sea". Carl Linnaeus assigned the common name Teredo to the best-known genus of shipworms in the 10th edition of his taxonomic magnum opus, Systema Naturæ (1758).

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Falklands Day
Falklands Day is the celebration of the first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis in 1592, and is celebrated on 14 August.

It was once seen as the National Day of the Falklands, but has largely been replaced by Liberation Day which commemorates the end of the Falklands War. Falkland Day ceased be to a public holiday in 2002 when the Executive Council moved the holiday to provide for the re-introduction of Peat Cutting Day, on the first Monday in October.

National day
A national day is a day on which celebrations mark the statehood or nationhood of a state or its people. It may be the date of independence, of becoming a republic, of becoming a federation, or a significant date for a patron saint or a ruler (such as a birthday, accession, or removal).

The national day is often an official public holiday. Many countries have more than one national day. Denmark and the United Kingdom are the only countries without a national day. Denmark has what is not a public holiday but an unofficial celebration called Constitution Day. National days emerged with the age of nationalism, with most appearing during the 19th and 20th centuries.

National day may also be known as Independence Day, Liberation Day, or Republic Day, depending on the nation, and its history.
Theatre in Decay
Theatre in Decay is an independent theatre company operating in Melbourne, Australia. It was founded in 2000 by Robert Reid and Anniene Stockton. Theatre in Decay is a multi-award winning independent theatre company, which has produced over 30 unfunded original shows in various locations, in venues such as Arts Centre Melbourne, The Store Room, La Mama and Theatreworks, as well as pubs, subways, hotel bedrooms, city rooftops, alleys and inside cars parked on the street.

Theatre Works
Theatre Works is a theatre venue, presenter and producer of independent theatre in St Kilda, Melbourne.

Theatre Works was founded as Theatreworks, a theatre company, in 1980 by a group of young graduates from the Victorian College of the Arts including Hannie Rayson, Caz Howard, Paul Davies and Peter Summerfield. In the mid-1980s, the theatre company moved to the former Christ Church Parish Hall in Acland Street, St Kilda and the hall was renovated as a 146-seat theatre.

Its name was changed to Theatre Works in 2009. In recent years, Theatre Works has focussed on presenting and supporting independent theatre productions across a range of theatrical genres.

The company is currently headed by Dianne Toulson, Executive Director  (2017–present).

Recent leadership has included Artistic Director's Bryce Ives (2018-19), John Sheedy (2016–17), and Daniel Clarke (2012-2015).
Mahbub Uddin Ahmed
Mahbub Uddin Ahmed is a veteran of the Bangladesh Liberation War and a former police officer. He is known for leading the guard of honour at the swearing-in ceremony of the Mujbnagar government, the wartime government of Bangladesh. He was awarded the third-highest gallantry award of Bangladesh, Bir Bikrom.

Bir Bikrom
Bir Bikrom (Bengali: বীর বিক্রম, lit. 'Valiant hero') is the third highest gallantry award in Bangladesh. Like the other gallantry awards, this was introduced immediately after the Bangladeshi Liberation War. Bir Bikrom was awarded to 175 fighters.
U District station
U District station is a light rail station in the University District neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. It is served by the 1 Line and 2 Line, both part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system. The underground station has two entrances along Brooklyn Avenue Northeast at 43rd and 45th streets near the University of Washington campus.

Construction of the station began in 2012 as part of the Northgate Link extension, which was approved by voters in a 2008 ballot measure. It opened on October 2, 2021, along with the rest of the extension. Light rail trains arrive at the station at frequencies of up to eight minutes during peak periods and 10–15 minutes at other times. U District station also includes five bus bays served by several King County Metro and Sound Transit Express routes that connect to nearby areas.

Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture (commonly as Burke Museum) is the natural history museum of the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. It is administered by the Arts Division of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Washington.

Established in 1899 as the Washington State Museum, the museum traces its origins to a high school naturalist club formed in 1879. The museum is the oldest in Washington state and boasts a collection of more than 16 million artifacts, including the world's largest collection of spread bird wings. The Burke Museum is the official state museum of Washington.
Askold's Grave (opera)
Askold's Grave (also: Askold's Tomb, Russian: Аскольдова могила – Askol’dova mogila) is an opera in four acts by Alexey Verstovsky with a libretto by Mikhail Zagoskin.

It was the most successful of Verstovsky's six operas, and its popularity even overshadowed Glinka’s two operas. It is a romantic opera with spoken dialogue, influenced by Weber's Der Freischütz, the latter having become popular in Russia after its first Russian performance in 1824. The role of Torop was created specifically for Alexander Bantyshev.

Der Freischütz
Der Freischütz (J. 277, Op. 77 The Marksman or The Freeshooter) is a German opera with spoken dialogue in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber with a libretto by Friedrich Kind, based on a story by Johann August Apel and Friedrich Laun from their 1810 collection Gespensterbuch. It premiered on 18 June 1821 at the Schauspielhaus Berlin. It is considered the first German Romantic opera.

The opera's plot is mainly based on August Apel's tale "Der Freischütz" from the Gespensterbuch though the hermit, Kaspar and Ännchen are new to Kind's libretto. That Weber's tunes were just German folk music is a common misconception. Its unearthly portrayal of the supernatural in the famous Wolf's Glen scene has been described as "the most expressive rendering of the gruesome that is to be found in a musical score".
2024 Challenger AAT
The 2024 Challenger AAT de TCA I was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 8 and 14 January 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1963 Claxton Shield
The 1963 Claxton Shield was the 24th annual Claxton Shield, it was held at the Brisbane Cricket Ground and Bannister Park in Brisbane, Queensland. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by New South Wales claiming their ninth Shield title and first since the 1955 Claxton Shield.

The Helms Award was given to Kevin Cantwell from New South Wales.

New South Wales Patriots
New South Wales Patriots compete in the Claxton Shield baseball championship in Australia.

The Patriots were one of the founding teams of the Claxton Shield in 1934 and competed as New South Wales until 1988 when the Claxtion Shield was awarded to the winner of the Australian Baseball League. In 1999 they were invited to join the International Baseball League of Australia which they competed in for 2 seasons (1999-00 and 2002). After this point the Claxton Shield reverted to a competition similar to 1988.
2013–14 Pune FC season
The 2013–14 Pune F.C. season is the club's fifth season in I-League, the top flight of Indian football and the seventh season in the club's entire history. This season will also see the club participate in Asia's top footballing competition, the AFC Champions League, in 2014 after India was awarded a spot in the tournament qualifiers and the club were announced as the best club in India to complete the club licensing requirements set by the All India Football Federation.

Former Netherlands international player and former Vitesse Arnhem manager Mike Snoei was hired to be the head coach of the club following the resignation of Derrick Pereira.

Mike Snoei
Mike Snoei (born 4 December 1963) is a former Dutch football player and manager. During his playing days, Snoei played for Excelsior and Sparta Rotterdam in the Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie from 1982 to 1993. He was a member of the Dutch squad at the 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship.
Antonio Cavallucci
Antonio Cavallucci (21 August 1752 – 18 November 1795) was an eighteenth-century Italian painter of religious scenes and portraits. One of the leading Roman Neoclassical painters, Cavallucci was influenced by Pompeo Batoni and Anton Raphael Mengs. There is in his art some of the northern European feeling that had made its way into Rome at the end of the eighteenth century.

Museo di Capodimonte
40°52′01.22″N 14°15′01.92″E﻿ / ﻿40.8670056°N 14.2505333°E﻿ / 40.8670056; 14.2505333

Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy designed by Giovanni Antonio Medrano. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian schools of painting, and some important ancient Roman sculptures. It is one of the largest museums in Italy. The museum was inaugurated in 1957.
Lars Boje Mathiesen
Lars Boje Mathiesenda (born 21 May 1975) is a Danish politician who has been an independent member of the Danish Parliament, the Folketing, since March 2023. Previously a member of the Nye Borgerlige (New Right) political party before his expulsion in 2023, he was first elected to the Folketing at the 2019 general election for the Nye Borgerlige and again at the 2022 general election.

In February 2023, he succeeded Pernille Vermund as leader of the Nye Borgerlige, but was dismissed and expelled from the party in March after disputes over remuneration and campaign finances.

2026 Danish general election
General elections are scheduled to be held in Denmark on 24 March 2026. All 179 seats in the Folketing will be up for election, including 175 in Denmark proper, two in Greenland, and two in the Faroe Islands (the two other territories of the Danish Realm).
Mitsui High-tec
Mitsui High-tec, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社三井ハイテック) is a Japanese manufacturer of precision dies, motor cores for traction motors, and lead frames, based in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture. Founded in 1949 as a manufacturer of stamping dies, the company expanded rapidly following its development of a stamping process for IC lead frame production. It is currently a major global supplier of the laminated motor cores used in hybrid and electric vehicles, with local subsidiaries in the Chinese, North American, and European markets. The company is not affiliated with the Mitsui Group; it is named for its founder, Yoshiaki Mitsui.

Tool and die maker
Tool and die makers are highly skilled crafters working in the manufacturing industries.
Tool and die makers work primarily in toolroom environments—sometimes literally in one room but more often in an environment with flexible, semipermeable boundaries from production work. They are skilled artisans (craftspeople) who typically learn their trade through a combination of academic coursework and with substantial period of on-the-job training that is functionally an apprenticeship. They make jigs, fixtures, dies, molds, machine tools, cutting tools, gauges, and other tools used in manufacturing processes.
IDW Publishing
IDW Publishing is an American publisher of comic books, graphic novels, art books, and comic strip collections. It was founded in 1999 as the publishing division of Idea and Design Works, LLC (IDW) and is recognized as the fifth-largest comic book publisher in the United States, behind Marvel, DC, Dark Horse, and Image Comics, ahead of other comic book publishers such as Archie, Boom!, Dynamite, Valiant, and Oni Press. The company is known for its licensed comic book adaptations of films, television shows, video games, and cartoons.

Oni Press
Oni Press is an American independent comic book and graphic novel publisher based in Portland, Oregon, best known for publishing such series as Scott Pilgrim and Rick and Morty. In 2019, it became an imprint label following the company's merger with Lion Forge Comics. The merged company, Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group (OLFPG), is owned by Polarity. Oni Press has remained the "predominant name used for publishing comics" by OLFPG.
1987 Korfball World Championship
The 1987 Korfball World Championship was the 3rd edition of the major international korfball competition. It was held in the Netherlands on April 20–25, in the cities of Amsterdam, Bennekom, Dordrecht, Papendrecht, Rotterdam and Wormer. In a close final, Netherlands defeated Belgium by 9–7.

Netherlands national korfball team
The Netherlands national korfball team (Dutch: Nederlands korfbalteam) represents the Netherlands in international korfball. It is controlled by the Royal Dutch Korfball Association (KNKV), the governing body of korfball in the Netherlands.

They are the most successful national korfball team in the world; having won ten of the eleven World Championships (only non-win came in 1991 when they lost in the final against Belgium), all eight editions of the European Championships and all eleven editions of the World Games.

The last time the Netherlands lost a match, was in January 2004, in a friendly match against Belgium.
Sentetsu Tehoro-class locomotive
The Tehoro-class (テホロ) locomotives were a class of steam tender locomotives of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten Wheeler".

After the Liberation of Korea, of the 178 surviving locomotives of all Teho classes - including six previously owned by private railway companies - 106 went to the Korean National Railroad in the South, and 72 to the Korean State Railway in the North.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Ariel Ramos
Ariel Ramos (born April 14, 1971) is a retired male wrestler from Cuba, who competed in the freestyle competition during his career. He won a bronze medal at the 1995 Pan American Games for his native country, and competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he was defeated in the final round by Les Gutches from the United States.

Les Gutches
Leslie Lyle Gutches (born February 21, 1973) is an American former wrestler and coach.  His accomplishments include becoming a World Champion in freestyle wrestling at the 1997 World Wrestling Championships, the Dan Hodge Trophy as the nation's best college wrestler in 1996, becoming the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) champion in the 177 lb. weight division in both 1995 and 1996, earning All-American status in 1994, 1995 & 1996, becoming a member of the 1996 United States Olympics freestyle wrestling team and winning numerous other tournaments and honors.
Tsvi Misinai
Tsvi Jekhorin Misinai (Hebrew: צבי מסיני; born 15 April 1946) is an Israeli researcher, writer, historian, computer scientist and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the Israeli software industry, he now spends most of his time researching and documenting the common Hebrew roots he believes shared by world Jewry and the Palestinians (including Arab citizens of Israel).

Samaritans
Samaritans (/səˈmærɪtənz/; Samaritan Hebrew: ࠔࠠࠌࠝࠓࠩࠉࠌ, romanized: Šā̊merīm; Hebrew: שומרונים, romanized: Šomronim; Arabic: السامريون, romanized: as-Sāmiriyyūn), often preferring to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East. They are indigenous to Samaria, a historical region of ancient Israel and Judah. They are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion that developed alongside Judaism.

According to their tradition, the Samaritans' ancestors, the Israelites, settled in Canaan in the 17th century BCE. The Samaritans claim descent from the Israelites who were not subject to the Assyrian captivity.
Joseanthus
Joseanthus is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

Joseanthus chimborazensis - Ecuador

Joseanthus crassilanatus  - Ecuador

Joseanthus cuatrecasasii - Ecuador

Joseanthus sparrei - Ecuador

Joseanthus trichotomus  - Colombia

Joseanthus cuatrecasasii
Joseanthus cuatrecasasii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
İnan
İnan is a Turkish name. It is used as both given name and surname. In the Turkish context the given name Inan is a product of an onomastic-hygiene movement initiated following the formation of the Turkish Republic to replace Arabic name Emin with which it shares common meaning, ‘to believe.’ The other Turkish given name which has the same meaning and was derived as a result of the same process is Inal.

Notable people with the name include:

Inal (name)
Inal is both a given name and a surname. In the Turkish context the name Inal is a product of an onomastic-hygiene movement initiated following the formation of the Turkish Republic to replace Arabic name; Emin with which it shares common meaning, ‘to believe.’

Notable people with the name include:

Given name

İnal Batu (1936–2013), Turkish diplomat and politician

Inal Dzhioyev (born 1969), Russian footballer

Inal Getigezhev (born 1987), Russian footballer

Inal Pukhayev (born 1992), Russian footballer

Surname

Sayf ad-Din Inal (1381–1461), Burji Sultan of Egypt reigned 1453–1461

Ibrahim Inal (died 1060), Seljuk warlord

Sid Ahmed Inal (1931–1956), Algerian activist

Bülent İnal (born 1973), Turkish actor
Middle Eastern empires
Middle East empires have existed in the Middle East region at various periods between 3000 BCE and 1924 CE; they have been instrumental in the spreading of ideas, technology, and religions within Middle East territories and to outlying territories. Since the 7th century CE, all Middle East empires, with the exception of the Byzantine Empire, were Islamic and some of them claiming the titles of an Islamic caliphate. The last major empire based in the region was the Ottoman Empire.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.