hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finishing (bookbinding)
In bookbinding, finishing refers to the process of decorating the outside of a book, including the lettering of the spine and covers, any additional tooling, and any inlays and onlays.  Finishing can also include the gilding or other decoration of the edges of the book's pages.

Early codices, such as Coptic bindings, had relatively simple finishing, including blind tooling and leather strips woven through covering material.

In traditional bookbinding, finishing is done by hand, and is a highly skilled process.  Until the second half of the 20th century, finishing was largely performed by men who specialized in gilding; they would receive the book after the process of sewing and covering the book, known as forwarding, was complete.

In the broadest sense, any book with decoration other than its covering material (such as a title) can be considered finished, though the term is usually applied only to books that have been decorated extensively by hand.

Coptic binding
Coptic binding or Coptic sewing comprises methods of bookbinding employed by early Christians in Egypt, the Copts, and used from as early as the 2nd century AD to the 11th century. The term is also used to describe modern bindings sewn in the same style.

Coptic bindings, the first true codices, are characterized by one or more sections of parchment, papyrus, or paper sewn through their folds, and (if more than one section) attached to each other with chain stitch linkings across the spine, rather than to the thongs or cords running across the spine that characterise European bindings from the 8th century onwards. In practice, the phrase "Coptic binding" usually refers to multi-section bindings, while single-section Coptic codices are often referred to as "Nag Hammadi bindings", after the 13 codices found in 1945 which exemplify the form.
Nedre Stjørdalen Municipality
Nedre Stjørdalen is a former municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county in Norway. The municipality existed from 1850 until its dissolution in 1902. The 340-square-kilometre (130 sq mi) municipality covered the western part of what is now Stjørdal Municipality in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre was located at Værnes where Værnes Church is located.

Stjørdalselva
Stjørdalselva (lit. 'Stjørdal River') is a 70-kilometre (43 mi) long river that reaches from near the Norwegian–Swedish border down the Stjørdalen valley through Meråker Municipality and Stjørdal Municipality before entering the Trondheimsfjord. The mouth is located on the south side of the town Stjørdalshalsen, just south of Trondheim Airport, Værnes. The village of Hell lies on the south side of the river's mouth. The mouth of the river was moved to allow the runway to expand into the delta.

The European route E14 highway and the Meråker Line railway follow the river from its source the entire length of the river.
California Border Protection Stations
California Border Protection Stations (CBPS) are 16 checkpoints maintained by the California Department of Food and Agriculture along the state's land borders with Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona. Officials staffing CBPS checkpoints inspect vehicle traffic entering California for the presence of pests; vehicles discovered to be carrying infested cargo are denied entry to the state.

California Department of Food and Agriculture
The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) is a cabinet-level agency in the government of California. Established in 1919 by the California State Legislature and signed into law by Governor William Stephens, the Department of Food and Agriculture is responsible for ensuring the state's food safety, the protection of the state's agriculture from invasive species, and promoting the California agricultural industry.

The Department of Food and Agriculture maintains district and field offices in 32 counties across the state, and two extraterritorial offices in Hawaii and Arizona.  This includes agricultural inspection stations at the state's borders. The California State Board of Food and Agriculture is an advisory board to the governor and secretary.

As of January 2019, the Secretary of Agriculture was Karen Ross, who is a member of Governor Gavin Newsom's cabinet, having originally been appointed to that post by Governor Jerry Brown in January, 2011.
Hergot
Hergot (Norwegian) or Hearrágoahti (Northern Sami) is a hamlet in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located by the Rombaken fjord, just north of the Rombak Bridge. Hergot Chapel is located on the south side of the hamlet.

Road 7575 from Narvik crosses Hergot, and links to E10 between Lofoten in the west and Luleå, Sweden in the east.

Rombaken
Rombaken (Norwegian) or Ruoppat (Northern Sami) (or unofficially: Rombaksfjord) is a fjord that branches off of the main Ofotfjorden in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The fjord is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long and is surrounded by steep mountains, and the town of Narvik lies on the south shore of the mouth of the fjord. The European route E06 and European route E10 highways run along the northern shores of the fjord. The fjord has two bridge crossings: the Hålogaland Bridge, completed in 2018, crosses at the mouth of the Rombaken fjord and the Rombak Bridge, which crosses at a narrow point about mid-way down the fjord.
John A. Hall
John A. Hall FRSC (born 1949) is the James McGill Emeritus Professor of Comparative Historical Sociology at McGill University, Montreal. He is the  author or editor of over 30 books. Hall holds British, Canadian and American citizenships.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Tam Đường district
Tam Đường is a rural district of Lai Châu province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. The city borders Phong Thổ district, Sìn Hồ district, Tân Uyên district, Lai Châu and Lào Cai province.

The district capital lies at Tam Đường.

Sìn Hồ district
Sìn Hồ is a rural district of Lai Châu province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. There are various ethnic minorities of people such as the Mong and Dao.

As of 2019, the district had a population of 83,643. The district covers an area of 1,526.96 km2. The district capital lies at Sìn Hồ.

The district is subdivided to 22 commune-level subdivisions, including Sìn Hồ township and the rural communes of Căn Co, Chăn Nưa, Hồng Thu, Làng Mô, Lùng Thàng, Ma Quai, Nậm Cha, Nậm Cuổi, Nậm Hăn, Nậm Mạ, Nậm Tăm, Noong Hẻo, Pa Khóa, Pa Tần, Phăng Sô Lin, Phìn Hồ, Pu Sam Cáp, Sà Dề Phìn, Tả Ngảo, Tả Phìn and Tủa Sín Chải.
1955 Valentino Grand Prix
The 1955 Gran Premio del Valentino was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 27 March 1955 at the Parco del Valentino in Turin. The Grand Prix was won by Alberto Ascari driving a Lancia D50; Ascari also set pole position. Roberto Mieres in a Maserati 250F finished second and Luigi Villoresi in a Lancia D50 was third. Maserati driver Jean Behra set fastest lap.

This was the last motor race to be held at the Parco del Valentino.

Lancia D50
The Lancia D50 was a Formula One racing car designed by Vittorio Jano for Lancia in 1954. The car's design made use of many innovative features, such as the use of the engine as a stressed chassis member, the off-centre positioning of the engine to allow a lower overall height, and pannier fuel cells for better weight distribution and aerodynamics.  Six of the cars were built, and two of them are displayed in Italian museums.
Adrien-Gabriel Morice
Adrien-Gabriel Morice (27 August 1859 – 21 April 1939) was a missionary priest belonging to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. He served as a missionary in Canada, and created a writing system for the Carrier language.

Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) is a missionary religious congregation in the Catholic Church. It was founded on January 25, 1816, by Eugène de Mazenod, a French priest later recognized as a Catholic saint. The congregation was given recognition by Pope Leo XII on February 17, 1826. As of January 2020, the congregation was composed of 3,631 priests and lay brothers usually living in community. Their traditional salutation is Laudetur Iesus Christus ('Praised be Jesus Christ'), to which the response is Et Maria Immaculata ('And Mary Immaculate'). Members use the post-nominal letters "OMI".

As part of its mission to evangelize the "abandoned poor", OMI are known for their mission among the Indigenous peoples of Canada, and their historic administration of at least 57 schools within the Canadian Indian residential school system. Some of those schools have been associated with cases of child abuse by Oblate clergy and staff.: 399–452
Aviko
Aviko is a Dutch food company headquartered in the village of Steenderen, which is part of the municipality of Bronckhorst in the province of Gelderland. Potatoes are primarily processed into French fries, hash browns, potato ready meals and potato flakes. The name "Aviko" is an acronym from "Aardappel verwerkende industrie Keppel en omstreken" (Potato processing industry in Keppel and the surrounding area). Currently, the company is one of the four largest potato processors in the world, and its share in the production of chilled French fries is 50% worldwide.

Bronckhorst
Bronckhorst (pronounced [ˈbrɔŋkɦɔrst] ⓘ) is a municipality in Gelderland, the Netherlands. The municipality is the result of a merger of the former municipalities Hengelo, Hummelo en Keppel, Steenderen, Vorden and Zelhem, on 1 January 2005. The municipality is named after the medieval castle of the Bronckhorst family, who once ruled the area.

The seat of the municipality is Hengelo.
Speed Dependent Damping Control
Speed Dependent Damping Control (also called SD²C) was an automatic damper system installed on late-1980s and early-1990s Cadillac automobiles.  This system firmed up the suspension at 25 mph (40 km/h) and again at 60 mph (97 km/h).  The firmest setting was also used when starting from a standstill until 5 mph (8 km/h).

Applications:

1989–1992 Cadillac Allanté

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
Hairo
Hairo is a village of Jampur tehsil, Union Council of Kotla Dewan, Rajanpur District. It is located 15 km southeast of Jampur near the Kotla Mughlan. About 1000 years ago there was a city. The Indus River washed all the city away, and it remained flooded for about 25 years. Once again in July 2010, Hairo was included in flooded area. The Government of Pakistan and Pakistan Army attempted to help the people affected by the 2010 flood. Mostly, the people speak Saraiki and Balochi.

Jampur
Jampur (جام پور) is the capital city of Jampur Tehsil, in the Rajanpur District of Punjab, Pakistan.  It comprises an area of about 16.7 square kilometers and has a population of about 155,243 (2023) It is the capital of Jampur Tehsil. Approximately 50 km to the west are the high and dry, barren mountains of the Sulaiman Range. To the east is the Indus river.
1999 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1999 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 111th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 11 December 1998. The championship began on 1 May 1999 and ended on 14 November 1999.

Bantry Blues entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by University College Cork in a second round replay.

On 14 November 1999, University College Cork won the championship following a 1-11 to 1-08 defeat of Nemo Rangers in a replay of the final. This was their 9th championship title overall and their first title since 1973.

Ballincollig's Podsie O'Mahony was the championship's top scorer with 1-34.

1998 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1998 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 110th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 14 December 1997. The championship began on 1 May 1998 and ended on 4 October 1998.

Beara entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Nemo Rangers in a second round replay.

On 4 October 1998, Bantry Blues won the championship following a 0-17 to 2-06 defeat of Duhallow in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1995.

Duhallow's Mark O'Sullivan was the championship's top scorer with 5-20.
Jeruwa Khera railway station
Jeruwa Khera railway station is a railway station in located on Bina–Katni railway line operated by the West Central Railway under Jabalpur railway division. It is situated at Jaruakheda in Sagar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Jabalpur railway division
Jabalpur railway division is one of the three railway divisions under West Central Railway zone (WCR) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarters are located at Jabalpur city in the state of Madhya Pradesh of India. It has 107 railway stations under its jurisdiction. Bhopal railway division and Kota railway division are the other two railway divisions under WCR Zone headquartered at Jabalpur.
Pi Mensae
Pi Mensae (π Men), also known as HD 39091, is a G-dwarf star in the constellation of Mensa. This star has a high proper motion. The apparent magnitude is 5.67, which can be visible to the naked eye in exceptionally dark, clear skies. It is nearly 60 light-years away. The star is slightly larger than the Sun in terms of mass, size, luminosity, temperature and metallicity, and is about 730 million years younger. It hosts three known planets.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Eucalyptus lateritica
Eucalyptus lateritica, commonly known as laterite mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has rough bark on the lower half of the trunk, smooth grey bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of nine or eleven, white flowers and shortened spherical fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Duke of Valentinois
Duke of Valentinois (French: Duc de Valentinois; Italian: Duca Valentino) is a title of nobility, originally in the French peerage. It is currently one of the many hereditary titles claimed by the Prince of Monaco despite its extinction in French law in 1949. Though it originally indicated administrative control of the Duchy of Valentinois, based around the city of Valence, the duchy has since become part of France, making the title simply one of courtesy.

It has been created at least four times: on August 17, 1498, for Cesare Borgia, in 1548 for Diane of Poitiers, in 1642 for Prince Honoré II of Monaco, and most recently in 1715 for Prince Jacques I of Monaco.

Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years.

Rainier was born at the Prince's Palace of Monaco, the only son of Hereditary Princess Charlotte and Prince Pierre. During his reign, he was responsible for the transformation of Monaco's economy, shifting from its traditional casino gambling base to its current status as a tax haven and cultural destination. The Prince also coordinated the substantial reforms of Monaco's constitution, which limited the powers of sovereign rule.

Rainier married American film star Grace Kelly in 1956, which generated global media attention. They had three children: Caroline, Albert and Stéphanie. Rainier died in April 2005 from complications relating to a lung infection compromised by years of cigarette smoking; he was succeeded by his son, Albert II.
Cords of Billroth
The cords of Billroth (also known as splenic cords or red pulp cords) are found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the mouse body's monocytes as a reserve so that, after tissue injury, these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing.

Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis.

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
Glenlusk
Glenlusk is a rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Derwent Valley (6%) and Glenorchy (94%) in the South-east and Hobart LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the town of Glenorchy. The 2016 census recorded a population of 200 for the state suburb of Glenlusk.
It is a semi-rural suburb of Hobart. It is west of Chigwell.

Glenorchy, Tasmania
Glenorchy is a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Glenorchy is bound by the River Derwent to the east, Mount Wellington to the west, Hobart City to the south and Brighton to the north. The city officially begins at Creek Road New Town, in Hobart's northern suburbs, and includes, Moonah, Derwent Park, Lutana, Goodwood, Montrose, Rosetta, Berriedale, Chigwell, Claremont and Austins Ferry. It is the seat of the local government area of the same name, the City of Glenorchy.

Glenorchy draws its name from Glen Orchy, Scotland, meaning "Glen of tumbling waters".
2006 Tennessee House of Representatives election
The 2006 Tennessee House of Representatives election was held on November 7, 2006, to elect 99 seats for the Tennessee House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the Governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State Senate elections. The primary elections were held on August 3, 2006.

Neither party gained seats in this election, keeping the number of seats in the House the same as in the last election, and resulting in the Democrats retaining their majority.

As of 2026, this election was the last election where the Tennessee Democratic Party held their majority in the House, along with being Jimmy Naifeh's final two years as Speaker. This was also the last time Democrats won the popular vote. Since 2008, Republicans have held a majority that would later turn into a supermajority government prior to the 2012 election.

2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2006 congressional elections in Tennessee was held on November 7, 2006, to determine who will represent the state of Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives.

Following the 2006 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving the Tennessee delegation at a 5-4 Democratic majority.
Houton
Houton is a settlement 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Stromness on the island of Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. The settlement is within the parish of Orphir, and is situated on a minor road off the A964.

From here, a ferry sails to Lyness on Hoy, Longhope on South Walls, and the island of Flotta, as well as a smaller ferry for workers of the Flotta oil terminal. Nearby are the remains of the Orphir Round Church, dedicated to St Nicholas (the only medieval round church in Scotland) and the Earl's Bu, the ruins of a former manor house of the Earldom of Orkney. These sites are in the care of Historic Environment Scotland.

The Holm of Houton is nearby.

Orphir
Orphir (pronounced /ɔːrfɪr/, Old Norse: Jorfjara or Orfjara) is a parish and settlement on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland.

It is approximately 9 miles (14 kilometres) southwest of Kirkwall, and comprises a seaboard tract of about 7 by 3+1⁄2 mi (11.5 by 5.5 km), and includes Cava and the Holm of Houton. The coast includes Houton Head, about 300 feet (90 metres) tall, but all elsewhere is nearly level; and the interior is an assemblage of vales and hills, the latter culminating at about 700 ft (210 m) above sea level.

A chief residence was the Hall of Clestrain; and chief antiquities include the ruins of Earl Paul's Palace, remains of pre-Reformation chapels, the Round Kirk and several tumuli.

The ferry terminal of Houton is located in Orphir. The ferries to Flotta and Hoy (Lyness) depart from this point. Ramsdale Shooting Range is also located in Orphir.
Jaroslav Drobný
Jaroslav Drobný (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjaroslav ˈdrobniː]; 12 October 1921 – 13 September 2001) was a world No. 1 amateur tennis and ice hockey champion. He left Czechoslovakia in 1949 and travelled as an Egyptian citizen before becoming a citizen of the United Kingdom in 1959, where he died in 2001. In 1951, he became the first and, to date, only Egyptian to win the French Open, while doing likewise at the Wimbledon Championships in 1954. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1983. He played internationally for the Czechoslovakia men's national ice hockey team, and was inducted in the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame.

World number 1 ranked male tennis players
World number 1 ranked male tennis players is a year-by-year listing of the male tennis players who were ranked as world No. 1 by various contemporary and modern sources. The annual source rankings from which the No. 1 players are drawn are cited for each player's name, with a summary of the most important tennis events of each year also included. If world rankings are not available, recent rankings by tennis writers for historical years are accessed, with the dates of the recent rankings identified. In the period 1948–1953, when contemporary professional world rankings were not created, the U.S. professional rankings are cited.