hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sbrosovoye Lake
Sbrosovoye Lake is a small lake 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) southwest of Tyuleniy Point in the Schirmacher Hills, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named Ozero Sbrosovoye (fault lake).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Sbrosovoye Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Tyuleniy Point
Tyuleniy Point (70°44′S 11°36′E﻿ / ﻿70.733°S 11.600°E﻿ / -70.733; 11.600) is a rock point 0.5 nautical miles (0.9 km) west of Ozhidaniya Cove on the north side of the Schirmacher Hills, Queen Maud Land. First photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named Mys Tyuleniy (seal point).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tyuleniy Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Quantum complexity theory
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational model based on quantum mechanics. It studies the hardness of computational problems in relation to these complexity classes, as well as the relationship between quantum complexity classes and classical (i.e., non-quantum) complexity classes.

Two important quantum complexity classes are BQP and QMA.

Quantum Turing machine
A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer.  It provides a simple model that captures all of the power of quantum computation—that is, any quantum algorithm can be expressed formally as a particular quantum Turing machine. However, the computationally equivalent quantum circuit is a more common model.: 2

Quantum Turing machines can be related to classical and probabilistic Turing machines in a framework based on transition matrices. That is, a matrix can be specified whose product with the matrix representing a classical or probabilistic machine provides the quantum probability matrix representing the quantum machine. This was shown by Lance Fortnow.
Frau Minne
Frau Minne (vrowe minne) is a personification of courtly love in Middle High German literature.
She is frequently addressed directly in Minnesang poetry, usually by the pining lover complaining about his state, but she appears also in the longer Minnerede poems, and in prose works.

A rare allegorical painting of ca. 1400, showing Frau Minne presiding over suffering lovers having their hearts torn from their breasts, was discovered in a guild house in Zurich in 2009.

Frau Minne is sometimes referred to as the “goddess” of romantic love who instils in people feelings of passion and passionate behavior, which is differentiated from other religiously celebrated kinds of love such as Buddhist compassion or Christian charity (agape).

Minnesang
Minnesang (German: [ˈmɪnəzaŋ] ⓘ; "Love song") was a tradition of German lyric- and song-writing that flourished in the Middle High German period (12th to 14th centuries). The name derives from minne, the Middle High German word for love, as that was Minnesang's main subject. People who wrote and performed Minnesang were known as Minnesänger (German: [ˈmɪnəˌzɛŋɐ] ⓘ), and a single song was called a Minnelied (German: [ˈmɪnəˌliːt] ⓘ). The Minnesänger are comparable to the Occitan troubadours and northern French trouvères, but they are "an original German contribution to courtly lyric."
2023–24 in Welsh football
The 2023–24 season is the 32nd season of competitive football in Wales. The domestic season began on 21 July 2023, with the Cymru Premier League Cup first round matches alongside the first round of matches of the Cymru North and Cymru South which began on 28 July 2023. The first round of matches in the Cymru Premier were played on 11 August 2023.

2023–24 Cymru South
The 2023–24 Cymru South season (also known as the 2023–24 JD Cymru South season for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth season of the second-tier Southern region football in Welsh football pyramid.

The winners (Briton Ferry Llansawel) were promoted to the 2024–25 Cymru Premier. The bottom three teams (Abergavenny Town, Abertillery Bluebirds, and Pontardawe Town) were relegated to either the 2024–25 Ardal SE or 2024–25 Ardal SW.
NGC 5626
NGC 5626 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Hydra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 7,120 ± 20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 105.0 ± 7.4 Mpc (~342 million light-years). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 30 March 1835.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 5626: SN 2023kyb (Type Ia, mag. 17.679) was discovered by ATLAS on 17 June 2023.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
Bill Hudson (American football)
William Alex Hudson (July 9, 1935 – December 13, 2017) was an American professional football defensive tackle and unheralded member of the original Fearsome Foursome of defensive linemen in pro football. He attended Clemson University, where he was a member of the track and football teams. He played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Montreal Alouettes and in the American Football League (AFL) with the San Diego Chargers and Boston Patriots. He is a member of the South Carolina Sports Hall of Fame.

Hudson was the younger brother of Bob Hudson, who also attended Clemson and spent 10 seasons (1951–55, 1957–61) in the NFL and AFL as a linebacker and defensive back.

Bob Hudson (American football, born 1930)
Robert Willard Hudson (April 5, 1930 – October 15, 2018) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants, the Philadelphia Eagles, and the Washington Redskins.  Hudson also played in the American Football League (AFL) for the Dallas Texans and the Denver Broncos.  He played college football at Clemson University and was drafted in the 12th round of the 1951 NFL draft.

Up until his death in 2018, he was living in Rowlett, Texas.
Templeton Developmental Center
The Templeton Developmental Center was a state-run facility for mentally disabled people located in Templeton, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Founded as the Templeton Farm Colony in 1899 through the efforts of Walter E. Fernald, superintendent of what is now called the Fernald School in Waltham, Massachusetts, it was considered an innovative and progressive facility for managing the state's developmentally disabled population at the time.  The large facility was closed in 2015, with some intermediate care facilities remaining open on the campus.  The property and some of the buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Templeton, Massachusetts
Templeton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 8,149 at the 2020 census. The town comprises four main villages: Templeton Center, East Templeton, Baldwinville, and Otter River.
Oreoleuciscus
Oreoleuciscus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs and true minnows. These are medium to large sizef fishes which are only found in Mongolia and adjacent parts of Russia. They are known as osmans.

Karl Kessler
Karl Fedorovich Kessler (Russian: Карл Фёдорович Ке́сслер, romanized: Karl Fyodorovich Kessler; 1 December [O.S. 19 November] 1815 – 15 March [O.S. 3 March] 1881) was a Baltic German zoologist and professor of biology at Saint Petersburg Imperial University. He is best known for advancing the idea that evolution at the infraspecific level is strongly influenced by mutual aid, arguing that Charles Darwin placed excessive emphasis on competition, which Kessler accepted primarily as operating at the interspecific level.
2017 Aegon Southsea Trophy
The 2017 Aegon Southsea Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the first edition of the tournament and was part of the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Southsea, United Kingdom, on 26 June–2 July 2017.

2017 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2017 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000.
Coquimbo Unido
Coquimbo Unido is a Chilean football club based in the city of Coquimbo. The club was founded in 1958 and has played in the Chilean Primera División since being promoted in 2022. Their home games are played at the Estadio Municipal Francisco Sánchez Rumoroso, which has a capacity of approximately 18,750 seats.

Campeonato Nacional Primera B
The Campeonato Nacional de la Primera B del Fútbol Profesional Chileno (English: National Championship of the First B of Chilean Professional Football) is the second tier in the Chilean football league system, and is organized by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional. It was established in 1952 as Segunda División, and later renamed in 1996 to the current name. Since 1954, automatic promotion to and relegation from the Campeonato Nacional has been granted, although Palestino and Rangers were promoted to the top flight in the first season.
Loop bin duplicator
A loop bin duplicator is a specialized audio tape machine used in the duplication of pre-recorded audio cassettes and 8-track cartridges.

Digital loop bin duplicators were first introduced in the early 1990s. They had fewer moving parts than previous systems, so were more reliable to operate.

Audiotape
Audiotape is magnetic tape used for storing audio. Information stored can be in the form of either an analog or digital signal. Audiotape can be used in various tape recorders including machines for reel-to-reel audio tape recording on open reels or they can be enclosed in cases that only have one reel (tape cartridge) or two reels (cassette).
Tanghalang Ateneo
Tanghalang Ateneo is the longest-running theater company of the Loyola Schools, Ateneo de Manila University. The company weaves into its work the theatrical traditions of the university's sesquicentennial past.

Tanghalang Ateneo uses theater to foster eloquentia, sapientia, and humanitas – the pillars of Jesuit pedagogy. It sees itself as a theater company in the service of student formation, and by extension – given the Jesuit ideal of magis – a theater in service of the nation.

Twelfth Night
Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (disguised as a page named 'Cesario') falls in love with the Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her, thinking she is a man.

The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from Barnabe Rich's short story "Of Apollonius and Silla", based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first documented public performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of the Christmastide–Epiphanytide season in the Christian liturgical year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio.
Marchena, Spain
Marchena is a town in the Province of Seville in Andalusia, Spain. From ancient times to the present, Marchena has come under the rule of various powers. Marchena is a service center for its surrounding agricultural lands of olive orchards and fields of cereal crops. It is also a center for the processing of olives and other primary products. Marchena is a town of historic and cultural heritage. Attractions include the Church of San Juan Bautista within the Moorish town walls and the Arco de la Rosa (Arch of the Rose). The town is associated with the folkloric tradition of Flamenco. It is the birthplace of artists including Pepe Marchena and Melchor de Marchena, guitarist. their dukes are descendants of the house of bourbon-braganza.

Guadalquivir
The Guadalquivir (/ˌɡwɑːdəlkɪˈvɪər/, also UK: /-kwɪˈ-/, US: /-kiːˈ-, ˌɡwɑːdəlˈkwɪvər/, Spanish: [ɡwaðalkiˈβiɾ]) is the fifth-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula and the second-longest river with its entire length in Spain. The Guadalquivir is the only major navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable from Seville to the Gulf of Cádiz, but in Roman times it was navigable from Córdoba.
2007–08 Copa del Rey
The 2007–08 Copa del Rey was the 106th staging of the Copa del Rey.

The competition started on 29 August 2007 and concluded on 16 April 2008 with the final, held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium in Madrid, in which Valencia lifted the trophy for the seventh time in their history with a 3–1 victory over Getafe, who were also beaten finalists a year earlier. The cup holders had been Sevilla, but they were eliminated in the round of 16.

2008 Copa del Rey final
The 2008 Copa del Rey final was the 106th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at Vicente Calderón in Madrid, on 16 April 2008.

The match was won by Valencia, who beat Getafe 3–1, winning the tournament for the seventh time. It was a second defeat in the final in succession for Getafe, who also lost to Sevilla in 2007. These had been their only appearances in the event; by contrast it was Valencia's  16th final.
Proximity effect (superconductivity)
Proximity effect or Holm–Meissner effect is a term used in the field of superconductivity to describe phenomena that occur when a superconductor (S) is placed in contact with a "normal" (N) non-superconductor.  Typically the critical temperature  of the superconductor is suppressed and signs of weak superconductivity are observed in the normal material over mesoscopic distances.  The proximity effect is known since the pioneering work by Ragnar Holm and Walther Meissner in 1932. They have observed zero resistance in SNS pressed contacts, in which two superconducting metals are separated by a thin film of a non-superconducting (i.e. normal) metal. The discovery of the supercurrent in SNS contacts is sometimes mistakenly attributed to Brian Josephson's 1962 work, yet the effect was known long before his publication and was understood as the proximity effect. The discovery of this effect led to the invalidation of Albert Einstein model for superconductivity.

Andreev reflection
Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N).  It is a charge-transfer process by which normal current in N is converted to supercurrent in S. Each Andreev reflection transfers a charge 2e across the interface, avoiding the forbidden single-particle transmission within the superconducting energy gap.

This effect is generally called Andreev reflection but it is also be referred to as Andreev–Saint-James reflection, as it was predicted independently by Saint-James and de Gennes and by Andreev in the early sixties.
Politics of Minnesota
Minnesota is known for a politically active citizenry. Minnesota has consistently high voter turnout, ranking highest or near-highest in recent elections. This is due in part to its same-day voter registration laws; previously unregistered voters can register on election day with evidence of residency.

The major political parties are the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and the Republican Party of Minnesota, along with the state-recognized minor parties: Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis, Legal Marijuana Now, and the Libertarian Party of Minnesota. The DFL was founded in 1944 when the Minnesota Democratic Party and Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party merged. The party is affiliated with the national Democratic Party. Supporters of the DFL are often referred to as "DFLers" in Minnesota as an alternative to "Democrats". The state Republican Party is affiliated with the national Republican Party.

1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1998. Reform Party candidate Jesse Ventura, the former mayor of Brooklyn Park and a former professional wrestler, won office, defeating Republican St. Paul mayor Norm Coleman and DFL state attorney general Skip Humphrey. He succeeded Republican incumbent Arne Carlson. Ventura's victory as a third-party candidate was considered a historic major upset.

As of 2026, the election marks the only time a Reform Party candidate won a major government office. It also remains the last time a third-party candidate won any statewide election in Minnesota. Ventura's vote share of 36.99% is the lowest for a Minnesota gubernatorial election winner since 1890.
Lilaia railway station
Lilaia railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Λιλαίας, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Lilaias) is a railway station near Ano Kalyvia at Amfikleia, Phthiotis, Greece. The station opened in 1905. In 1915 the station was called Souvala.

Hellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways or SEK (Greek: Σιδηρόδρομοι Ελληνικού Κράτους, Sidirodromi Ellinikou Kratous; Σ.Ε.Κ.) was a Greek public sector entity (legal person of public law, Greek: Ν.Π.Δ.Δ.) which was established on 18 March 1920 by the law 2144/20 and operated most Greek railway lines until 1970.
Condoto
Condoto is the third most important municipality in the Chocó Department, after Quibdó and Istmina. It is situated in the south of the department and its main economical activity is mining (it is rich in gold and platinum) and agriculture. Condoto is also known as the "Platinum Capital of Colombia".

Quibdó
Quibdó (Spanish pronunciation: [kiβˈðo]) is the capital city of Chocó Department, in the Pacific Region of Colombia, and is located on the Atrato River. The municipality of Quibdó has an area of 3,507 square kilometres (1,354 sq mi) and a population of 129,237, predominantly Afro Colombian, including Zambo Colombians.
Woodarra, Western Australia
Woodarra, also once known as Darlot or Lake Darlot, is an abandoned town located between Leinster and Laverton in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia. The town is situated close to Lake Darlot.

Gold was discovered in the area in the 1890s, and following an influx of prospectors and miners the Lake Darlot progress association lobbied for the declaration of a townsite. Lots were surveyed in 1896 and the progress association asked for the town to be named Woodarra. The townsite was gazetted in 1898.

A bicycle postal service to and from Lawlers was established in 1895, this was later replaced with a mail run from Cue via Lawlers. In 1896 the mail run was again changed, this time from Mount Magnet via Lawlers; that lasted for six years.

The name is Aboriginal in origin and is the name of a granite rock formation located near the town's water supply.

Mount Magnet, Western Australia
Mount Magnet is a town in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It is one of the region's original gold mining towns, and the longest surviving gold mining settlement in the state. The prominent hill that is adjacent to the current townsite was called West Mount Magnet in 1854 by explorer Robert Austin, having named a smaller hill 64 km away, East Mount Magnet (now called Carron Hill). Both hills had an extremely high iron content which affected the readings of his compass. West Mount Magnet had its Aboriginal name reinstated by the Surveyor General in 1972,  "Warramboo", meaning campfire camping place.  The magnetic variation at Mount Magnet is zero: magnetic north equals true north.
Clines Corners, New Mexico
Clines Corners is an unincorporated community in Torrance County, New Mexico, United States. Clines Corners is located at the junction of Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 285, 21.6 miles (34.8 km) east of Moriarty. The community was established in 1934 by Roy E. Cline, who built a rest stop at what was then the intersection of US 66 and US 285; the rest stop, known as Clines Corners Retail Center, is now over 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) in size.

Moriarty, New Mexico
Moriarty is a city in Torrance County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,946 at the 2020 Census. It is part of the Albuquerque metropolitan area.

Moriarty is about ten miles east of Edgewood, and shares a school district with the town, despite them being in separate counties (Edgewood is in Santa Fe County).
Mughal Serai, Doraha
Mughal Serai, Doraha is a caravanserai located at Doraha in Ludhiana District, India. Its popularly known as Mughal Caravan Serai as well as Doraha Sarai . It should not be confused with Serai Lashkari Khan, which is situated at 8–9 km (5.0–5.6 mi) away.

Ludhiana district
Ludhiana district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of Punjab. It is Punjab's largest district by both area and population. Ludhiana, the largest city in Punjab, is the district headquarters.

The main industries are bicycle parts and hosiery. Ludhiana is a hub of ladies footwear manufacturing, with around 10,000 small-scale units. The district is made up of seven tehsils, seven sub-tehsils and twelve development blocks.

Ludhiana district has the highest HDI in Punjab at 0.761 (2004 UNDP).
Fenner Hills
The Fenner Hills are a low mountain range in the eastern Mojave Desert, in eastern San Bernardino County, southern California.

They are located within the southeastern corner of Mojave National Preserve, and are east of the Providence Mountains, near the junction of Goffs and Lanfair Roads.

They run perpendicular to Interstate 40 and historic Route 66 to the south.

Mojave National Preserve
Mojave National Preserve is a US National Preserve located in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, between Interstate 15 and Interstate 40. Established in 1994, it is the third largest unit of the National Park system within the contiguous United States, and the largest national preserve.

The preserve spans 1,542,776 acres (6,243 km2). It surrounds Providence Mountains State Recreation Area and Mitchell Caverns Natural Preserve, which are both managed by the California Department of Parks and Recreation.

Natural features include the Kelso Dunes, the Marl Mountains and the Cima Dome, as well as volcanic formations such as Hole-in-the-Wall and the Cinder Cone Lava Beds. The Joshua tree forest covering Cima Dome and the adjacent Shadow Valley is the largest and densest in the world.

The preserve contains the ghost town of Kelso. The defunct Kelso Depot serves as the park's official visitor center, though it is temporarily closed as of 2025.