hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cecchetti method
The Cecchetti method is variously defined as a style of ballet and as a ballet training method devised by the Italian ballet master Enrico Cecchetti (1850–1928). The training method seeks to develop essential skills in dancers as well as strength and elasticity. Cecchetti-trained dancers are commonly found in ballet and other dance companies throughout the world.

Ninette de Valois
Dame Ninette de Valois OM CH DBE (born Edris Stannus; 6 June 1898 – 8 March 2001) was an Irish-born British ballet dancer, teacher, choreographer, and director of classical ballet. She danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, later establishing The Royal Ballet, one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century and one of the leading ballet companies in the world. She also established the Royal Ballet School and the touring company which became the Birmingham Royal Ballet. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet and as the "godmother" of English and Irish ballet.
Krištopans cabinet
The Krištopans cabinet was the government of Latvia from 26 November 1998 to 16 July 1999.  It was led by Prime Minister Vilis Krištopans.  It took office on 26 November 1998, after the October 1998 election.  It was replaced by the third Šķēle cabinet on 16 July 1999, after Krištopans's resignation.

Government of Latvia
The government of Latvia is the central government of the Republic of Latvia. The Constitution of Latvia (Latvian: Satversme) defines Latvia as a parliamentary republic represented by a unicameral parliament (Saeima) and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republikas Ministru kabinets), which form the executive branch of Latvia.

Since the early 2000s cabinet meetings in Latvia have been open to the public. In June 2013, the Latvian government became one of the first in Europe to offer live internet broadcasts of cabinet meetings.
Dick Flowers
Richard R. Flowers (August 13, 1927 – May 7, 2010) was an American football quarterback who played for one season in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Colts in 1953. He played college football at Northwestern.

1953 NFL season
The 1953 NFL season was the 34th regular season of the National Football League. The names of the American and National divisions were changed back to the Eastern and Western divisions.

The season ended on December 27 with the NFL Championship Game in which the Detroit Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns for the second year in a row.
Harvard University endowment
The Harvard University endowment, valued at $56.9 billion as of June 30, 2025, is the largest academic endowment in the world. Its value increased in fiscal year 2024, ending the year with its largest sum in history. Along with Harvard's pension assets, working capital, and non-cash gifts, the endowment is managed by Harvard Management Company, Inc. (HMC), a Harvard-owned investment management company.

Charlesbank Capital Partners
Charlesbank Capital Partners is an American private equity investment firm based in Boston and New York City that specializes in the middle market. The firm has $23B of total assets across three investment strategies: flagship middle market private equity, lower middle market technology private equity and middle market opportunistic credit.
Palos Verdes Peninsula landslides
A small section of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, a coastal region of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, has a long history of land movements stretching back 250,000 years.  The Palos Verdes Peninsula is home to the cities of Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, and Rolling Hills Estates, as well as Palos Verdes Estates.

Southern California Gas Company
The Southern California Gas Company (trading as SoCalGas) is a utility company based in Los Angeles, California, and a subsidiary of Sempra. It is the primary provider of natural gas to Los Angeles and Southern California.
Fliegerstaffel 11
Fliegerstaffel 11 (Fightersquadron 11)  (Tigers) of the Swiss Air Force  is a Berufsfliegerkorps squadron  equipped with  F/A-18  combat jets and, together with Fliegerstaffel 8, is part of Fliegergeschwader 13. The home base of Fliegerstaffel 11 is Meiringen Air Base. Fliegerstaffel 11 is a full member of the NATO Tiger Association and carries a coat of arms depicting a Tiger head on a black background and the wordmark Staffel 11 below the tiger head as its crest.

Berufsfliegerkorps
The Berufsfliegerkorps (BFK) (English: professional flying corps, French: corps of the aviateurs professionnels, Italian: corpo degli aviatori di professione) are the professional pilots of the Swiss Air Force.
Grand Cru (cipher)
In cryptography, Grand Cru is a block cipher invented in 2000 by Johan Borst. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected.

Grand Cru is a 10-round substitution–permutation network based largely on Rijndael (or AES). It replaces a number of Rijndael's unkeyed operations with key-dependent ones, in a way consistent with the security purposes of each operation. The intent is to produce a cipher at least as secure as Rijndael, and perhaps much more secure. The block size and key size are both 128 bits, and the key schedule is the same as Rijndael's.

Grand Cru is designed on the principle of multiple layered security. It is equivalent to a chain of 4 subciphers with independent keys, such that if 3 of the keys are known, the remaining cipher should still be secure.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
2015 Stoke-on-Trent City Council election
The 2015 Stoke-on-Trent City Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Stoke-on-Trent City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections and the general election.

2015 United Kingdom local elections
The 2015 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 7 May 2015, the same day as the general election for the House of Commons.

With the exception of those areas that have had boundary changes, the council seats up for election in England were last contested in the 2011 local elections. To date these are the last local elections to coincide with a general election in the United Kingdom.
Rudolf Lingens
Rudolph Lingens is a fictional character often used by contemporary analytic philosophers as a placeholder name in a  hypothetical scenario which illustrates some feature of the indexicality of natural language. He was created by the logician Gottlob Frege in the course of one of the earliest systematic discussions of indexicals. A number of philosophers picking up on Frege's discussion of indexicals, notably John Perry, David Lewis, and Robert Stalnaker, have adopted Lingens to make their own points about indexicals.

De dicto and de re
De dicto and de re are two phrases used to mark a distinction in intensional statements, associated with the intensional operators in many such statements.  The distinction is used regularly in analytical metaphysics and in philosophy of language.

The literal translation of the phrase de dicto is "about what is said", whereas de re translates as "about the thing". The original meaning of the Latin locutions may help to elucidate the living meaning of the phrases, in the distinctions they mark. The distinction can be understood by examples of intensional contexts of which three are considered here: a context of thought, a context of desire, and a context of modality.
7th Vermont Infantry Regiment
The 7th Vermont Infantry Regiment was a three years' infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the Western Theater, predominantly in Louisiana and Florida, from February 1862 to March 1866. It was the longest serving Vermont regiment during the war.

Seventh Vermont Regiment was mustered into Federal service on February 12, 1862, at Rutland, Vermont. It was engaged in, or present at, the 1862 first Siege of Vicksburg, Battle of Baton Rouge, Battle of Gonzales Station, the Mobile Campaign and Spanish Fort, and Whistler, Alabama.

Citronelle, Alabama
Citronelle is a city on the northern border of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,946. It is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area and is about 34 miles (55 km) north of Mobile.
Law (surname)
Law is a surname, of English, Scottish, Cantonese, or Chinese origin. In Scotland, the surname means dweller at the low, as in a hill. Another origin of the surname is a contraction of Lawrence, or Lawson.

Lawrence (surname)
Lawrence is an English, Scottish and Irish surname. It is derived from the Middle English or Old French given name Laurence, itself derived from Latin Laurentius. The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Britain lists Laurence and McLaren as variants.

Laurentius, a Latin given name which means "from Laurentium", derives from the word laurel, a Roman symbol of victory.
Media history of China
The media history of China addresses communication-enabling systems and technology throughout China's history. In the modern era the reach of Chinese communication networks has expanded and their format has shifted from preindustrial paper media towards various digital and mass media technologies.

This article provides a timeline of China's media-related history, including print publishing networks, news media, computer technology, and the history of the Internet.

Yan'an Soviet
The Yan'an Soviet was a soviet governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the 1930s and 1940s, established in North-Central China on the border area between Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia. In October 1936, it became the final destination of the Long March, and served as the CCP's main base until after the Second Sino-Japanese War.: 632  After the CCP and Kuomintang (KMT) formed the Second United Front in 1937, the Yan'an Soviet was officially reconstituted as the Shaan–Gan–Ning Border Region (traditional Chinese: 陝甘寧邊區; simplified Chinese: 陕甘宁边区; pinyin: Shǎn gān níng Biānqū; Wade–Giles: Shan3-kan1-ning2 Pien1-ch'ü1). In CCP historiography, Yan'an is celebrated  as the most important of revolutionary sites and the birthplace of Mao Zedong Thought.
2012 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2012 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from December 7-11, 2011 at the Broomstones Curling Club in Wayland, Massachusetts. Brady Clark and his wife Cristin Clark won the tournament, earning the right to represent the United States at the 2012 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Erzurum, Turkey.

United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship is the national curling championship for mixed doubles curling in the United States. The winning team in the tournament represents the United States at that year's World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship.
Pseudoreflection
In mathematics, a pseudoreflection is an invertible linear transformation of a finite-dimensional vector space such that it is not the identity transformation, has a finite (multiplicative) order, and fixes a hyperplane. The concept of pseudoreflection generalizes the concepts of reflection and complex reflection and is simply called reflection by some mathematicians. It plays an important role in Invariant theory of finite groups, including the Chevalley-Shephard-Todd theorem.

Identity function
In mathematics, an identity function, also called an identity relation, identity map or identity transformation, is a function that always returns the value that was used as its argument, unchanged. That is, when  is the identity function, the equality  is true for all values of  to which  can be applied.
Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969 (c. 52) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The act implemented recommendations contained in the first report on statute law revision made by the Law Commission.

The enactments which were repealed (whether for the whole or any part of the United Kingdom) by the  act were repealed so far as they extended to the Isle of Man on 25 July 1991.

Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998 (c. 43) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provided reform to the statute law in the areas of administration of justice, ecclesiastical law, education, finance, Hereford and Worcester, inclosure acts, Scottish Local Acts, Slave Trade Acts, as well as other miscellaneous items.

The act implemented recommendations contained in the sixteenth report on statute law revision, by the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission.
Chey Chettha II
Chey Chestha II (Khmer:|ជ័យជេស្ឋាទី២; known by Siam as Chey Chettha II), was the Cambodian king ruled from 1618 to 1627. After the official coronation ceremony in Lavea Em, in 2162 BE, 1618 AD, Maha Sakarach 1541. His full name was called "Preahbat Samdech Preah Chey Chestha Thireach Reameathipadei" and he was the eldest son of the Borom Reachea IV, and Chey Chestha II had a younger brother, Outey, who was captured by the Siamese king, Naresuan, and sent to Ayutthaya during the Siamese siege of Longvek in 1593.

Đồng Nai province
Đồng Nai is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The capital of Đồng Nai Province is Trấn Biên Ward.

In June 2025, the province was merged with Bình Phước province, forming the new Đồng Nai Province with an area of 12.737,18 km2 and a population of 4,576,125 people.
Llanelli railway station
Llanelli railway station is the railway station serving the town of Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales.  It is located on the West Wales line and the Heart of Wales line 225 miles 20 chains (362.5 km) from the zero point at London Paddington, measured via Stroud. The station and the majority of trains calling are operated by Transport for Wales.

It is located between two level crossings (known as East and West) that were previously upgraded in the 1970s. In 2015, Network Rail carried out a further upgrade which saw the control of these level crossings pass from the Grade-II listed Llanelli West signal box (which worked the two crossings here only since 1973) to Port Talbot Panel Signal Box using CCTV.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
Meso-Melanesian languages
The Meso-Melanesian languages are a linkage of Oceanic languages spoken in the large Melanesian islands of New Ireland and the Solomon Islands east of New Guinea. Bali is one of the most conservative languages.

Kara language (Papua New Guinea)
Kara (also Lemusmus or Lemakot) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 5,000 people in 1998 in the Kavieng District of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea.

Laxudumau, spoken in the village of Lakudumau, is transitional to Nalik.
Bonahouin
Bonahouin (also known as Benaouin) is a village in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Bécouéfin, Akoupé Department, La Mé Region, Lagunes District. Six kilometres north of the village is the tripoint of Lagunes, Lacs, and Comoé Districts.

Bonahouin was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Bécouéfin
Bécouéfin  (also spelled Békuéfin) is a town in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Akoupé Department in La Mé Region, Lagunes District.

Bécouéfin was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
Zarema Kasaeva
Zarema Kasaeva (born February 25, 1987) is a Russian weightlifter. Kasaeva became an Olympic medalist during the 2004 Summer Olympics when she won the bronze medal in the women's -69 kg class.

At the 2005 World Weightlifting Championships she won the gold medal in the 69 kg category, with a world record clean and jerk of 157 kg, and a total of 275 kg.

Kasaeva participated in the women's -75 kg class at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships and won the bronze medal, finishing behind Cao Lei and Nadezhda Evstyukhina. She snatched 110 kg and clean and jerked an additional 136 kg for a total of 246 kg, 22 kg behind winner Cao.

Cao Lei
Cao Lei (Chinese: 曹磊; pinyin: Cáo Lěi; born 24 December 1983 in Qinhuangdao, Hebei) is a Chinese weightlifter. She was born in north China's Hebei Province and was raised in the northeastern Heilongjiang Province.
The Cake
The Cake was a 1960s girl group consisting of Jeanette Jacobs, Barbara Morillo and Eleanor Barooshian. They were managed and produced by Charles Greene and Brian Stone, two Sunset Strip impresarios who also managed Sonny & Cher, Buffalo Springfield and Iron Butterfly.

Iron Butterfly
Iron Butterfly is an American rock band formed in San Diego, California, in 1966. They are best known for the 1968 hit "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", providing a dramatic sound that led the way towards the development of hard rock and heavy metal music. Although their heyday was the late 1960s, the band has been reformed with various members with varying levels of success with no new recordings since 1975. Their second album, In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), remains a best-seller, and Iron Butterfly was the first group to receive an in-house platinum album award from Atlantic Records.

According to music critic Manish Agarwal of Time Out, "Iron Butterfly blended hard rock with ordinate, acid-friendly textures." Mark Deming of AllMusic stated that they were one of the first musical groups to fuse the two styles in this way, and described their sound as a "blend of trippy musical exploration and open-ended jams with a hard, distorted attack".
Nathanael Wilson
Christianity portal

Nathanael Wilson (died 3 November 1695) was a 17th-century English Anglican priest in Ireland.

Wilson was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. He was Chaplain to James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland before being appointed  Dean of Raphoe in 1684. He was Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe from 1692 until his death on 3 November 1695.

Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe was the Ordinary of the Church of Ireland diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe, which was in the Province of Cashel until 1833, then afterwards in the Province of Dublin.
1991 Torneo Godó
The 1991 Torneo Godó was the 39th edition of the Torneo Godó annual men's tennis tournament played on clay courts in outdoor Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and part of the Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 39th edition of the tournament took place from 8 April through 14 April 1991. Seventh-seeded Emilio Sánchez won the singles title.

This event also carried the joint denominations of the Campeonatos Internacionales de España or Spanish International Championships that was hosted at this venue and location, and was 24th edition to be held in Barcelona, and the Trofeo Winston (for sponsorship reasons) and was the 5th edition branded under that name.

1991 ATP Tour
The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour. The IBM ATP Tour included the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series and the ATP Tour World Championships. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Natalie D'Alessandro
Natalie D'Alessandro (born June 16, 2004) is a Canadian retired ice dancer. With her skating partner, Bruce Waddell, she is the 2022 World Junior silver medallist and 2022 Canadian national junior champion. They have won three medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, including gold at the 2021 JGP Slovakia, and bronze in the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics team event.

Jeffrey Chen
Jeffrey Chen (born July 21, 2002) is an American ice dancer.

With current skating partner, Annabelle Morozov, he is the 2024 Lombardia Trophy silver medalist.

With former skating partner, Yahli Pedersen, they were the 2023 JGP Turkey and the 2023 JGP Hungary silver medalists.

With other former skating partner, Katarina Wolfkostin, they were the 2022 Budapest Trophy bronze medalists, the 2021 U.S. junior national champions, the 2021 JGP France champions, the 2021 JGP Slovenia silver medalists, and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalists.

On February 19, 2025, Chen was suspended by the U.S. Center for SafeSport for allegations of misconduct.
Gymnocarpium
Gymnocarpium is a small genus of ferns, called oak ferns. It was once placed with various other groups, including the dryopteroid ferns and the athyrioid ferns.  Cladistic analysis has demonstrated that Gymnocarpium and Cystopteris form a natural but relatively primitive clade that is basal to the asplenioid, thelypterioid, and athyrioid ferns comprehensively.

Gymnocarpium sori are small, round and naked.  These ferns generally have a slender, creeping rhizome under the surface of the ground, and fairly thin-textured fronds.

Aspleniaceae
The Aspleniaceae (spleenworts) are a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales. The composition and classification of the family have been subject to considerable changes. In particular, there is a narrow circumscription, Aspleniaceae s.s. (adopted here), in which the family contains only two genera, and a very broad one, Aspleniaceae s.l., in which the family includes 10 other families kept separate in the narrow circumscription, with the Aspleniaceae s.s. being reduced to the subfamily Asplenioideae. The family has a worldwide distribution, with many species in both temperate and tropical areas. Elongated unpaired sori are an important characteristic of most members of the family.