hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl Michael Smith
Carl Michael "Mike" Smith (born 1944) is an American businessman, energy expert, and politician from Oklahoma. Smith is currently serving as the executive director of the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission. Smith has served in numerous energy policy positions for both the United States federal and Oklahoma state governments, including Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy under President George W. Bush (2002–2004) and Oklahoma Secretary of Energy under Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating (1995–2002).

Oklahoma Secretary of Energy
The Oklahoma Secretary of Energy was a position in the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The secretary was appointed by the governor of Oklahoma, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the governor. The secretary served as the chief advisor to the governor on energy policy development and implementation.

In 2013, then-Governor Mary Fallin abolished the position, merging it into the Office of the Secretary of Energy and Environment. The last secretary was Mike Ming, who was appointed on January 10, 2011. Oklahoma's incumbent Secretary of Energy and Environment is Jeff Starling.
0/1-polytope
A 0/1-polytope is a convex polytope generated by the convex hull of a subset of d coordinates value 0 or 1, {0,1}d. The full domain is the unit hypercube with cut hyperplanes passing through these coordinates. A d-polytope requires at least d + 1 vertices, and can't be all in the same hyperplanes.

n-simplex polytopes for example can be generated n + 1 vertices, using the origin, and one vertex along each primary axis, (1,0....), etc. Every simple 0/1-polytope is a Cartesian product of 0/1 simplexes.

Convex polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space .
Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming.
Louis Jules Ernest Malinvaud
Louis Jules Ernest Malinvaud (26 September 1836, in Paris – 22 September 1913) was a French physician and botanist.

Beginning in 1860, he studied medicine in Limoges and later Paris (from 1863). After serving as a doctor during the Franco-Prussian War, he left the medical practice in order to concentrate his energies towards botany. As a botanist he collaborated with Pierre Marie Édouard Lamy de la Chapelle (1804–1886). From 1877 until 1881 he edited the exsiccata Menthae exsiccatae praesertim Galliae.

In 1861 he became a member of the Société botanique de France. The plant genus Malinvaudia (subfamily Asclepiadaceae) was named after him by Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier (1834-1884).

Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier
Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier (15 February 1834, Paris – 10 June 1884) was a French botanist.
He was particularly interested in ferns. He was a member of the Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique.

The genus Fourniera (family Cyatheaceae) is named in his honor.
French World Scrabble Championships
The French World Scrabble Championships (French: Championnats du monde de Scrabble francophone) is an annual Scrabble tournament that takes place in a different French-speaking country every year. Created in 1972 by Hippolyte Wouters, it was the first of the three World Scrabble Championships to be created, with the English version being created in 1991 and the Spanish version being created in 1997.

Unlike the English and Spanish versions, the French World Championships are made up of various tournaments, somewhat like the World Series of Poker. The "Main Event" is the Elite tournament which has existed since 1972, and was first won by the tournament's creator Hippolyte Wouters.

Spanish World Scrabble Championship
The Spanish World Scrabble Championship (Spanish: Campeonato del mundo de Scrabble en español) is an international Scrabble tournament organised by the Federación Internacional de Scrabble en Español (FISE). The competition takes place each year in a different city in a Spanish-speaking country. The first championship was held in Madrid in Spain. The number of players has varied, from 32 players in 1997 to 120 in 2018.

Players only play with two players at a board, never more, and the tournament uses a Swiss tournament system to decide who plays against whom. In 2007, the players played 18 games with the winner being Benjamín Olaizola of Venezuela with 14 wins from 18 games. Since then, the number of games has gradually increased, reaching 24 in 2016. Internationally, the players are rated by the Elo system.
Isiah Kiner-Falefa
Isiah Kiner-Falefa (born March 23, 1995), often abbreviated as IKF, is an American professional baseball utility player for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Texas Rangers, New York Yankees, Toronto Blue Jays, and Pittsburgh Pirates. Kiner-Falefa was selected by the Rangers in the fourth round of the 2013 MLB draft and made his MLB debut with the team in 2018. He won the American League (AL) Gold Glove Award as a third baseman in 2020.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Sims Reeves
John Sims Reeves (21 October 1821 – 25 October 1900) was an English operatic, oratorio and ballad tenor vocalist during the mid-Victorian era.

Reeves began his singing career in 1838 but continued his vocal studies until 1847.  He soon established himself on the opera and concert stage and became known for his interpretation of ballads.  He continued singing through the 1880s and later taught and wrote about singing.

Michael William Balfe
Michael William Balfe (15 May 1808 – 20 October 1870) was an Irish composer, best remembered for his operas, especially The Bohemian Girl.

After a short career as a violinist, Balfe pursued an operatic singing career, while he began to compose. In a career spanning more than 40 years, he composed at least 29 operas, almost 250 songs, several cantatas and other works. He was also a noted conductor, directing Italian Opera at Her Majesty's Theatre for seven years, among other conducting posts.
Ilyushin Il-20M
The Ilyushin Il-20M (Russian: Ильюшин Ил-20М, NATO reporting name: "Coot-A") is a COMINT/ELINT surveillance-reconnaissance aircraft, powered by four turboprop engines. It is a development of the Ilyushin Il-18. It was first observed by NATO in 1978.

Ivchenko AI-20
The Ivchenko AI-20 (Russian: Ивченко АИ-20) is a Soviet turboprop engine developed by the Ivchenko design bureau in the 1950s. It has been built in large numbers, serving as the powerplant for both the Antonov An-12 transport and the Ilyushin Il-18 airliner.
Mount Yake
Mount Yake (焼岳, Yake-dake) literally, "Burning mountain" is an active volcano in the Hida Mountains, lying between Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, and Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching 2,455 m (8,054 ft) at the highest peak.

Hida Mountains
The Hida Mountains (飛騨山脈, Hida Sanmyaku), or Northern Alps (北アルプス, Kita Arupusu), is a Japanese mountain range which stretches through Nagano, Toyama and Gifu prefectures. A small portion of the mountains also reach into Niigata Prefecture. William Gowland coined the phrase "Japanese Alps" during his time in Japan, but he was only referring to the Hida Mountains when he used that name. The Kiso and Akaishi mountains received the name in the ensuing years.
Tampara Lake
Tampara Lake is a 300-hectare (740-acre) fresh water lake situated on the right bank of the Rushikulya River, near Chhatrapur, the district headquarters of Ganjam district, Odisha, India. It is 23 km (14 mi) from the city of Brahmapur.The lake is connected to the Rushikulya River. The flood waters from the river enriches its biodiversity, thus the wetland supports 60 species of birds and 46 fish species. The lake is instrumental in flood control during the monsoon season. The wetland is an important source of livelihood for the local population and also provides water for agriculture, drinking and transportation of local goods. Chhatrapur town also uses this lake's water for drinking purposes. Nowadays, this lake is used for water sports, Indian Army's water activities training centre. There are boating and recreation facilities on the site for tourism. The lake has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2021.

Rushikulya River
The Rushikulya River is one of the major rivers in Odisha and covers the entire catchment area in the districts of Kandhamal and Ganjam of Odisha. The Rushikulya originates about 1000 metres from the Rushimala Hills part of the Daringbadi hills of the Eastern Ghats range. Daringbadi, where the river originates, is called the ' Kashmir of Odisha '. The river lies within the geographical coordinates of 19.07 to 20.19 north latitude and 84.01 to 85.06 east longitude. It meets the Bay of Bengal at Puruna Bandha in Ganjam. Its tributaries are the Baghua, the Dhanei, the Badanadi, etc. It has no delta as such at its mouth.
Lem Ferreira
Lem Ferreira is a subdivision of the city of Praia in the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. Its population was 1,456 at the 2010 census. It is situated directly east of the city centre (Platô), on the east bank of Ribeira da Trindade. Bordering neighborhoods include Agua Funda to the northeast, Achada Grande Frente to the east and the south and Platô and Praia Negra to the west.

Achada Grande Frente
Achada Grande Frente is a subdivision of the city of Praia in the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. Its population was 4,436 at the 2010 census. It is situated east of the city centre, between the Praia Harbour to the south and the Nelson Mandela International Airport to the north. The former Francisco Mendes International Airport was located in Achada Grande Frente.
Carol Anne
Carol Anne or Carol-Anne is a blended name combining Carol and Anne that is a Danish, English, Norwegian and Swedish feminine given name derived from the names Karl and Hannah. Notable people referred to by this name include the following:

Carol (given name)
Carol is a unisex given name in English, although in contemporary usage it is more commonly used for women. It is a variant of the English Charles, Germanic Carl, and Latin Carolus. Spelling variations include Carroll, Caryl, and Carole.
Chertovy Vorota Cave
Chertovy Vorota Cave, also known as Devil's Gate Cave is a Neolithic archaeological site located in the Sikhote-Alin mountains, about 12 km (7 mi) from the town of Dalnegorsk in Primorsky Krai, Russia. The karst cave is located on a limestone cliff and lies about 35 m (115 ft) above the Krivaya River, a tributary of the Rudnaya River, below. Chertovy Vorota provides secure evidence for some of the oldest surviving textiles found in the archaeological record.

Sikhote-Alin
The Sikhote-Alin (/ˈsiːkəˌteɪ əˈliːn/, SEE-kə-TAY ə-LEEN; Russian: Сихотэ́-Али́нь, Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪxɐˈtɛ ɐˈlʲinʲ]) is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Russia, extending about 900 kilometres (560 mi) to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok. The highest summits are Tordoki Yani at 2,077 metres (6,814 ft) above sea level, Ko Mountain (2,003 metres (6,572 ft)) in Khabarovsk Krai and Anik Mountain (1,933 metres (6,342 ft)) in Primorsky Krai.
Battle of Antioch on the Meander
The Battle of Antioch on the Meander (also known as the Battle of Alaşehir) was a military engagement near Antioch-on-the-Meander between the forces of the Empire of Nicaea and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. The Turkish defeat ensured continued Nicaean hegemony of the Aegean coast of Asia Minor. The Seljuk sultan, Kaykhusraw I, was killed on the field of battle. The battle took place near the modern town of Yamalak in Kuyucak district in Aydın Province.

Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
2018 Women's World Draughts Championship match
The 2018 Women's World Draughts Championship match in international draughts was held from 19–30 November 2018 at the Grand Hotel Kempinski Riga in Riga, Latvia. Under the auspieces of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD), the match was played between the 2017 world champion, Zoja Golubeva, and the 2016 world champion, Natalia Sadowska. Natalia Sadowska won her second title.

2017 Women's World Draughts Championship
The 2017 Women's World Draughts Championship in international draughts was held from 1–15 October, 2017 in Tallinn, Estonia. It was held under the auspieces of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD). The championship was played as a 15-round round-robin tournament.

Three rounds were played in the Hotel Euroopa, while the others were played at the Paul Keres Chess House. The total prize money for the tournament was 20,000 euros. The 2017 World Draughts Championship took place simultaneously at the same locations.

Reigning Women's World Draughts Champion Natalia Sadowska and former champion Zoja Golubeva participated in the championship. Zoja Golubeva won the tournament and became the women's world champion.
Robert Peston
Robert James Kenneth Peston (born 25 April 1960) is an English journalist, presenter, and author. He is the Political Editor of ITV News and host of the weekly political discussion show Peston (previously Peston on Sunday) alongside ITV News Deputy Political Editor Anushka Asthana. 
From 2006 until 2014, he was the Business Editor  of BBC News and its Economics Editor from 2014 to 2015. He became known to the wider public with his reporting on the 2008 financial crisis, especially with his exclusive information on the Northern Rock crisis. He is the founder of the education charity Futures for All (formerly Speakers for Schools).

Political editor
The political editor of a newspaper or broadcaster is the senior political reporter who covers politics and related matters for the newspaper or station. They may have a large team of political correspondents working under them.

In publishing, because of their seniority, a political editor's byline is often added to stories that actually are the work of more junior colleagues to give the story more credibility and to indicate their seniority within the publication. The political editor usually carries out the major interviews with a country's prime minister and senior government figures and covers major events like party conferences.
Quintus Voconius Saxa Fidus
Quintus Voconius Saxa Fidus was a Roman senator, who was active during middle of the second century. He was suffect consul in the nundinium September-October 146 with Gaius Annianus Verus as his colleague. He is known almost entirely from inscriptions; Voconius is mentioned once in Ulpian's Liber octavus de officio proconsulis.

Ronald Syme observes that the nomen gentilicum Voconius appears 14 times in the volumes of Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum containing inscriptions from Gallia Narbonensis and the Spanish provinces; there is also the place-name "Forum Voconi" in Gallia Narbonesis. One the other hand, Bernard Rémy infers Voconius has his origins in Italy, since his tribe, Romula, is not found outside of that region.

Ulpian
Ulpian (/ˈʌlpiən/; Latin: Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus; c. 170 – 223 or 228) was a Roman jurist born in Tyre in Roman Syria (modern Lebanon). He moved to Rome and rose to become considered one of the great legal authorities of his time. He was one of the five jurists upon whom decisions were to be based according to the Law of Citations of Valentinian III, and supplied the Justinian Digest about a third of its contents.
Kaiafas Lake
Kaiafas lake (Greek: Λίμνη Καϊάφα) is a lake in Elis in southwestern Greece, extending north of the town of Zacharo. It was likely formed after an earthquake struck the river Anigros. It lies between the Lapithas Mountains and the Ionian Sea.

The lake is home to an algae species, Chara corfuensis.

Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania (and western Apulia, Italy) to the north, and the west coast of Greece, including the Peloponnese.

All major islands in the sea, which are located in the east of the sea, belong to Greece. They are collectively named the Ionian Islands, the main ones being Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, and Ithaca.

There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at 5,109 m (16,762 ft), is in the Ionian Sea, at 36°34′N 21°8′E﻿ / ﻿36.567°N 21.133°E﻿ / 36.567; 21.133. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.
Khudneshwar Dham
Khudneshwar Dham is a Hindu pilgrimage site and temple located in Samastipur district, Bihar, India. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and attracts devotees from the local region and nearby districts. It is especially visited during festivals like Maha Shivaratri, when special rituals and ceremonies are held.

Samastipur district
Samastipur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India. The district headquarters are located at Samastipur. The district occupies an area of 2904km² and has a population of 4,261,566.

Samastipur was the largest milk producing district of Bihar in 2022.
German National Platform for Electric Mobility
The German National Platform for Electric Mobility (German: Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität, NPE for short) is an advisory council of the German Federal Government for electric vehicle introduction. It consists of the top representatives of industry (10 members), politics (6), science (3), associations (3) and unions (1). It was officially established on 3 May 2010 during a meeting with German chancellor Angela Merkel. Its task is to push on the National Development Plan for Electric Mobility ("Nationaler Entwicklungsplan Elektromobilität"). The goal for 2020 of the NPE is to develop Germany to the leading supplier and lead market for electric mobility and to gain an employment effect of 30,000 additional jobs.

Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space
The Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (German: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt; abbreviated BMFTR) is a cabinet-level ministry of Germany. It is headquartered in Bonn, with an office in Berlin. The Ministry provides funding for research projects and institutions.

The ministry has been headed by Dorothee Bär since 6 May 2025.
Tjasker
The tjasker (West Frisian: jasker, German: Fluttermühle) is a small type of windmill used solely for drainage purposes. It is distinctive for its simple construction, featuring only a single inclined shaft that carries the sails on one end and an Archimedes' screw on the other, in this way avoiding the need for any gearing. The tjasker is commonly known as a typical Frisian windmill though it is also found in other Dutch provinces and in north Germany.

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.
Bank for International Settlements
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution which is owned by members central banks. Its primary goal is to foster international monetary and financial cooperation while serving as a bank for central banks. With its establishment in 1930 it is the oldest international financial institution. Its initial purpose was to oversee the settlement of World War I war reparations.

The BIS carries out its work through its meetings, programmes and through the Basel Process, hosting international groups pursuing global financial stability and facilitating their interaction. It also provides banking services, but only to central banks and other international organizations.

The BIS is based in Basel, Switzerland, with representative offices in Hong Kong and Mexico City.

Bank of Japan
The Bank of Japan (日本銀行, Nippon Ginkō; BOJ) is the central bank of Japan. The bank is often called Nichigin (日銀) for short. It is headquartered in Nihonbashi, Chūō, Tokyo.

The said bank is a corporate entity independent of the Japanese government, and while it is not an administrative organisation of the state, its monetary policy falls within the scope of administration. From a macroeconomic perspective, long-term stability of prices is deemed crucial. However, the political sector tends to favour short-term measures. Thus, the bank's autonomy and independence are granted from the standpoint of ensuring long-term public welfare and political neutrality.
MSC Napoli
MSC Napoli was a United Kingdom-flagged container ship that developed a hull breach due to rough seas and slamming in the English Channel on 18 January 2007. She was deliberately run aground at Lyme Bay to avoid an environmental disaster and broken up by salvors.

Maritime and Coastguard Agency
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom that is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It works to prevent the loss of lives at sea and to prevent marine pollution. It is a subsidiary executive agency of the UK Department for Transport and responsible through the Secretary of State for Transport to Parliament. It is also responsible for land based search and rescue helicopter operations since 2015. Its motto is "Safer Lives, Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas". The organisation is currently led by Virginia McVea.