hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yevgeny Leonov-Gladyshev
Yevgeny Borisovich Leonov-Gladyshev (Russian: Евге́ний Бори́сович Лео́нов-Гла́дышев; born 24 Jan 1952, Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, and film director. He was awarded Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (1993) and People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2007).

Merited Artist of the Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Заслуженный артист Российской Федерации, Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts.

The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in). In Imperial Russia before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the October Revolution of 1917, the new regime made changes and established the title of the Merited Artist of Russia (Russian SFSR and Soviet Union).

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian president Boris Yeltsin created a new award, first presented on 30 December 1995.
1992 HTC Prague Open
The 1992 HTC Prague Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague in the former Czechoslovakia that was part of Tier V of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the only edition of the  tournament with a prize money of $ 100.000, and it was held from 20 July until 26 July 1992. First-seeded Radka Zrubáková won the singles title.

1992 WTA Tour
The 1992 WTA Tour (officially titled 1992 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1992 tennis season.

The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Murat Kesgin
Murat Kesgin (born 16 November 1971, Turkey) is a Turkish film producer, screenwriter, media executive, and television broadcaster. Since the 1990s, he has been involved in various media production, broadcasting, and content management projects in Turkey, Kenya, and the United Kingdom.

Samanyolu TV
Samanyolu TV was an international Turkish language TV station with its headquarters in Istanbul.

The channel is known for its closeness to Fethullah Gülen, the leader of the Gülen movement. Samanyolu TV was previously owned by Yayıncılık A.Ş. Yayıncılık A.Ş. is a media company that operates radio and television broadcasting, publication and distribution of newspapers. The first satellite service for Samanyolu TV was aired towards Central Asia. Samanyolu TV proceeded into North America by 1999, with Türksat as its new mainstream satellite operator. Samanyolu TV later created two official websites for people of Turkish origin, both North American audiences, and Turkish audiences. The two websites also included online streaming (Canlı Yayın) and social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube in 2005–2013.
2007 Bikfaya bombings
The 2007 Bikfaya bombings were two blasts on buses near Bikfaya, Lebanon which killed three people and injured 21 others. The bombings heightened tensions in the country following the Cedar Revolution, and on the eve of the second anniversary of the assassination of Rafic Hariri.

March 14 Alliance
The March 14 Alliance (Arabic: تحالف 14 آذار, romanized: taḥāluf 14 āḏār), named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, was a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that were united by their anti-Assad stance and by their opposition to the March 8 Alliance. It was led by Saad Hariri, Walid Jumblatt and Samir Geagea, as well as other prominent figures.
Gloria del Paraguay
Gloria Criscione Pineda, known artistically as "Gloria del Paraguay" is a Paraguayan soprano, recognized for her versatile voice.
She performs both in classical music concerts as well as singing arias. She sings arias as a lyric soprano, as a dramatic soprano, and as a mezzo-soprano. Her repertoire also includes folklore from Paraguay and Latin America.

Lyric soprano
A lyric soprano is a type of operatic soprano voice that has a warm quality with a bright, full timbre that can be heard over an orchestra. The lyric soprano voice generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays ingenues and other sympathetic characters in opera. Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C4) to "high D" (D6). This is the most common female singing voice. There is a tendency to divide lyric sopranos into two groups: light and full.
Tokyo Jungle
Tokyo Jungle is a science fiction survival action game developed by Crispy's! and Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. The game takes place in a deserted, futuristic Tokyo, in which the city has transformed into a vicious wildlife wasteland.

Tokyo Jungle was released in Japan on June 7, 2012, available on both disc and downloadable versions. The international release of the game became available for download via PSN in North America and the PAL region on September 25 and September 26, 2012, respectively. It was included on the "Best of PlayStation Network Vol. 1" compilation disc, released in NTSC regions on June 18, 2013.

On July 10, 2013, a grid-based version of the game titled Tokyo Jungle Mobile was released on PlayStation Mobile for the PlayStation Vita.

Survival game
Survival games are a subgenre of action games which are often set in hostile, intense, open-world environments. Players generally start with minimal equipment and are required to survive as long as possible by finding the resources necessary to manage hunger, thirst, disease and/or mental state. Many survival games are based on randomly or procedurally generated persistent environments; more recently, survival games are often playable online, allowing players to interact in a single world. Survival games are generally open-ended with no set goals and often closely related to the survival horror genre, where the player must survive within a supernatural setting, such as a zombie apocalypse.
PAVE PAWS
PAVE PAWS (PAVE Phased Array Warning System) is a complex Cold War early warning radar and computer system developed in 1980 to "detect and characterize a sea-launched ballistic missile attack against the United States". The first solid-state phased array deployed used a pair of Raytheon AN/FPS-115 phased array radar sets at each site to cover an azimuth angle of 240 degrees. In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System, the "AN/FPS-115" designation represents the 115th design of an Army-Navy fixed radar(pulsed) electronic device for searching. Two sites were deployed in 1980 at the periphery of the contiguous United States, then two more in 1987–95 as part of the United States Space Surveillance Network. One system was sold to Taiwan and is still in service.

Submarine-launched ballistic missile
A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), each of which carries a nuclear warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets. Submarine-launched ballistic missiles operate in a different way from submarine-launched cruise missiles.

Modern submarine-launched ballistic missiles are closely related to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), with ranges of over 5,500 kilometres (3,000 nmi), and in many cases SLBMs and ICBMs may be part of the same family of weapons.
Tom Murphy (catcher)
Thomas James Murphy Jr. (born April 3, 1991) is an American professional baseball catcher who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies, Seattle Mariners, and San Francisco Giants. Prior to playing professionally, Murphy played college baseball for the University at Buffalo.

Kevin Gausman
Kevin John Gausman (born January 6, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles, Atlanta Braves, Cincinnati Reds, and San Francisco Giants. Gausman played college baseball for the LSU Tigers, with whom he was an All-American. He was selected by the Orioles in the first round (4th overall) of the 2012 MLB draft, and made his MLB debut in 2013. He was an All-Star in 2021 and 2023 and led the American League in strikeouts in 2023.
Julian Love
Julian Love (born March 19, 1998) is an American professional football safety for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.

Mitchell Trubisky
Mitchell David Trubisky (/truːˈbɪski/ troo-BISS-kee; born August 20, 1994) is an American professional football quarterback for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels and was selected second overall by the Chicago Bears in the 2017 NFL draft.

Trubisky's most successful season was in 2018 when he led the Bears to their first division title since 2010, earning him Pro Bowl honors. Due to inconsistent play, he was not re-signed by the Bears after his rookie contract expired in 2021 and spent one season as a backup with the Buffalo Bills. He joined the Pittsburgh Steelers the following year, alternating as the starter and backup for two seasons, before rejoining the Bills in 2024.
New Mexico State Road 22
State Road 22 (NM 22) is a state highway in the US state of New Mexico. Its total length is approximately 13.9 miles (22.4 km). NM 22's southern terminus is in the village of Budaghers at Interstate 25 (I 25)/U.S. 85 (US 85), and the  northern terminus is in Cochiti Pueblo where it continues as BIA-85.

Interstate 25 in New Mexico
Interstate 25 (I-25) in the US state of New Mexico follows the north–south corridor through Albuquerque and Santa Fe. It replaced U.S. Route 85 (US 85), which is no longer signed, but still exists in route logs sharing most of the I-25 alignment. I-25 starts in New Mexico at an interchange with I-10 in Las Cruces and extends roughly 460 miles (740 km) before reaching Colorado. I-25 passes through principally rural land through central New Mexico and passes through or near the cities of Las Cruces, Truth or Consequences, Socorro, Belen, Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, and Raton.
Bijar Khaleh
Bijar Khaleh (Persian: بيجارخاله, also romanized as Bījār Khāleh; also known as Bidzhar-Khale) is a village in Pir Bazar Rural District, in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 189, in 64 families, down from 280 people in 2006.

Pir Bazar Rural District
Pir Bazar Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيربازار) is in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mobarakabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Bazar, now a city.
Náměstí Republiky, Prague
Náměstí Republiky (Republic Square) is a city square in Prague, Czech Republic, lying at the boundary of the Old Town and New Town. On the square, or in the very near vicinity, are these significant buildings: Kotva Department Store, Municipal House, Powder Tower, Czech National Bank and Palladium shopping mall. From the square leads Na příkopě street, the most expensive street in all of the V4, connecting it with the Wenceslas Square.

Palladium (Prague)
Palladium is a shopping mall located in the centre of Prague in the Czech Republic. It opened in 2007. The mall contains 170 shops and 30 restaurants, with a retail area of 39,000 square metres (420,000 sq ft). There is also designated office space in the building totalling 19,500 square metres (210,000 sq ft). It is one of the biggest shopping centres in the Czech Republic. It is directly opposite another shopping centre, Kotva Department Store.
Fyodor Datlin
Fyodor Ivanovich Datlin (Russian: Фёдор Иванович Датлин; 1880 - December 1941) was a Russian and Soviet figure skater.

Datlin was a two-time champion of Russia in men's single skating (in 1906 and 1908) and the 1905 silver medalist. In 1920 he won the gold medal at the first ever Soviet Figure Skating Championships.

He also participated in the 1909 World Figure Skating Championships in Stockholm, but did poorly, placing last of five competitors.

Datlin died in Leningrad in December 1941, during the siege of the city. He was buried in the city's Serafimovskoe Cemetery.

Serafimovskoe Cemetery
Serafimovskoe Cemetery (Russian: Серафимовское кладбище) is a historic cemetery in northwestern  Saint Petersburg, in Primorsky District.

It was established to meet the need for the growing population in the early twentieth century. The first burial took place in 1905, and the cemetery church, the Church of Seraphim of Sarov in the Serafimovskoe Cemetery, was consecrated in 1907. The cemetery was primarily a burial place for the poor, until the Second World War. During the siege of Leningrad, from 1941 to 1944, it was one of the main sites for burying those who were killed, or died of cold or starvation. At least 100,000 people were buried during this period, mostly in mass graves.

The cemetery expanded after the war, and today covers 59 hectares. It contains the graves of a wide range of society, including military figures, and prominent people from the arts, sciences and sports.
Evectant
In mathematical invariant theory, an evectant is a contravariant constructed from an invariant by acting on it with a differential operator called an  evector. Evectants and evectors were introduced by James Sylvester.

Invariant theory
Invariant theory is a branch of abstract algebra dealing with actions of groups on algebraic varieties, such as vector spaces, from the point of view of their effect on functions. Classically, the theory dealt with the question of explicit description of polynomial functions that do not change (are invariant) under the transformations from a given linear group. For example, if we consider the action of the special linear group SLn on the space of n by n matrices by left multiplication, then the determinant is an invariant of this action because the determinant of A X equals the determinant of X, when  A is in SLn.
Ronglu
Ronglu (6 April 1836 – 11 April 1903), courtesy name Zhonghua, was a Manchu political and military leader of the late Qing dynasty. He was born in the Guwalgiya clan, which was under the Plain White Banner of the Manchu Eight Banners. Deeply favoured by Empress Dowager Cixi, he served in a number of important civil and military positions in the Qing government, including the Zongli Yamen, Grand Council, Grand Secretary, Viceroy of Zhili, Beiyang Trade Minister, Secretary of Defence, Nine Gates Infantry Commander, and Wuwei Corps Commander. He was also the maternal grandfather of Puyi, the last Emperor of China and the Qing dynasty.

Nie Shicheng
Nie Shicheng (Chinese: 聂士成; pinyin: Niè Shìchéng; Wade–Giles: Nieh Shih-ch'eng; 1836 – July 1900) was a Chinese general of the Qing dynasty who served the imperial government during the Boxer Rebellion. Rising from obscure origins from Hefei, Anhui Province, in the early 1850s, Nie Shicheng managed to pass the county examinations for bureaucratic positions, but due to the Taiping Rebellion he was forced to abandon a bureaucratic career and become a soldier.
Samsung Kies
Samsung Kies (/ˈkiːz/) is a freeware software application used to communicate between Windows or Macintosh operating systems, and Samsung mobile phone and tablet computer devices, usually using a USB connection (though wireless LAN Kies connectivity is now possible using some devices). Samsung has released new software to replace Kies, named Samsung Smart Switch, which is mainly directed at migrating customers onto new Samsung devices. The name K.I.E.S. originated as an acronym for "Key Intuitive Easy System". After version 2.0, the name was shortened to "Kies".

Cache Acceleration Software
Open Cache Acceleration Software (Open CAS), formerly Intel Cache Acceleration Software (Intel CAS), is computer data storage software for solid-state drive (SSD) caching. CAS manages SSD storage as a cache layer for slower backend storage (e.g., spinning hard drives), keeping a cached copy of recently used data in faster SSD storage to improve I/O performance.

Open CAS is an open-source project encompassing block caching software libraries, adapters, and tools, hosted on GitHub under the BSD 3-Clause license. It originated as a proprietary product by Intel and was open-sourced in 2018.
2025 Villena Open
The 2025 Alicante Ferrero Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Ferrero Tennis Academy in Villena, Alicante, Spain, between 29 September and 5 October 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Jan Shatabdi Express
The Jan Shatabdi Express (lit. 'People's Century Express') is a more affordable and economical version of the Shatabdi Express. The word 'Jan' refers to common people. Being an economical version of the Shatabdi Express, it provides the passenger with Air Conditioned Chair Car, Second Class Seating and Unreserved classes. Though its priority is less than that of the trains like Rajdhani Express, Shatabdi Express and Duronto Express, it enjoys a greater priority than the Mail, Express and the Superfast Express trains of Indian Railways. The maximum permissible speed of this train is 130 km/h.

Dome car
A dome car is a type of railway passenger car that has a glass dome on the top of the car where passengers can ride and see in all directions around the train. It also can include features of a coach, lounge car, dining car, sleeping car or observation. Beginning in 1945, dome cars were primarily used in the United States and Canada, though a small number were constructed in Europe for Trans Europ Express service.

In North America, dome cars were manufactured by the Budd Company, Pullman Standard and American Car & Foundry. Southern Pacific Railroad built its own dome cars in its Sacramento, California, shops. In the 1990s Colorado Railcar began producing dome cars. Generally, seats in the dome were considered "non-revenue" like lounge car seats.
NGC 814
NGC 814 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be about 70 million light-years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 30,000 ly. NGC 814 was discovered on January 6, 1886, by the American astronomer Ormond Stone.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Ivonbrook Grange
Ivonbrook Grange is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. Largely rural, Ivonbrook Grange's population at the 2021 census was reported to be 14 people. It is 130 miles (210 km) north west of London, 15 miles (24 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) south west of the nearest market town of Matlock. Ivonbrook Grange is wholly within the Peak District national park on its southern edge, and shares a border with the parishes of Aldwark, Bonsall, Brassington, Ible as well as Winster. There is one listed structure in Ivonbrook Grange.

Derbyshire Dales
Derbyshire Dales (/ˈdɑːrbiʃɪər, -ʃər/ DAR-bee-sheer, -⁠shər) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district was created in 1974 as West Derbyshire; the name was changed to Derbyshire Dales in 1987. The council is based in the town of Matlock, and the district also includes the towns of Ashbourne, Bakewell, Darley Dale and Wirksworth, as well as numerous villages and extensive rural areas. Much of the district is within the Peak District National Park.

The neighbouring districts are High Peak, Sheffield, North East Derbyshire, Amber Valley, South Derbyshire, East Staffordshire and Staffordshire Moorlands.
Ivar Skjånes
Ivar Skjånes (5 March 1888, Kolvereid – 5 June 1975, Trondheim) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

Skjånes became mayor of Trondheim, the third largest city in Norway, in 1935. On 31 October 1940, during the German occupation of Norway, he was removed on the orders of the occupants. He was also imprisoned, first from March to May 1942 in Falstad concentration camp. In September 1944 he was arrested again and incarcerated in Vollan concentration camp until October, then in Berg concentration camp until 29 March 1945. When the occupation ended in 1945, he assumed office again. He left in 1952. In 1948 he was appointed as County Governor of Sør-Trøndelag, which he held to 1958.

Ivar Skjånes was biographed in 2002 (Røde dager og blå timer : Ivar Skjånes 1888-1975 : et liv og en epoke).

He had a daughter Bodil Skjånes Dugstad and a son.

Bodil Skjånes Dugstad
Bodil Skjånes Dugstad (23 May 1927 – 6 February 2021) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

Dugstad was born in Trondheim. She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag during the term 1973–1977. From 1973 to 1975, during the second cabinet Bratteli, Dugstad was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Church Affairs and Education.
Discourse grammar
Discourse Grammar (DG) is a grammatical framework that grew out of the analysis of spoken and written linguistic discourse on the one hand, and of work on parenthetical expressions, including Simon C. Dik's study of extra-clausal constituents, on the other. Initiated by Gunther Kaltenböck, Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva, the framework is based on the distinction between two organizing principles of grammar where one concerns the structure of sentences and the other the linguistic organization beyond the sentence.

In accordance with the perspective adopted in this framework, linguistic units such as formulae of social exchange, interjections, discourse markers and other prefabricated expressions, which tend to be assigned a more marginal status in many models of mainstream linguistics, are interpreted as playing an important role in structuring linguistic discourse.

Parenthetical phrase
In rhetoric, a parenthesis (pl.: parentheses; from the Ancient Greek word παρένθεσις parénthesis 'injection, insertion', literally '(a) putting in beside') or parenthetical phrase is an explanatory or qualifying word, phrase, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage. The parenthesis could be left out and still form grammatically correct text. Parenthetical expressions are usually delimited by round brackets (also known as parentheses), square brackets, dashes, or commas. English-language style and usage guides originating in the news industry of the twentieth century, such as the AP Stylebook, recommend against the use of square brackets for parenthesis and other purposes, because "They cannot be transmitted over news wires." Usage of parentheses goes back (at least) to the 15th century in English legal documents.