hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thuluth
Thuluth (Arabic: ثُلُث, Thuluth or Arabic: خَطُّ الثُّلُثِ, Khaṭṭ-uth-Thuluth; Persian: ثلث, Sols; Turkish: Sülüs, from thuluth "one-third") is an Arabic script variety of Islamic calligraphy. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In Thuluth, one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning "a third" in Arabic) comes. An alternative theory to the meaning is that the smallest width of the letter is one third of its widest part. It is an elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from Thuluth through slight changes of form.

Hâfiz Osman
Hâfiz Osman (Ottoman Turkish: حافظ عثمان Modern Turkish: Hâfız Osman) (1642–1698) was an Ottoman calligrapher noted for improving the script and for developing a layout template for the hilye which became the classical approach to page design.
Frantz-Caspar Moldenhauer
Frantz-Caspar Moldenhauer Jr. (19 April 1920 to 8 September 1999) was a Norwegian philatelist who in 1995 was invited to sign the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. Moldenhauer has been described as the greatest authority on the stamps of Norway. His display of Norwegian stamps 1845-80 won a Grand Prix award at Norwex 80. He has also formed award-winning collections of the Danish West Indies. He is a founder member of the Postal History Society of Norway, and a fellow of the Society of Postal Historians in the United Kingdom.

Postage stamps and postal history of Norway
The postal system of Norway dates from 1647, when Christian IV of Denmark–Norway granted a concession to a private company who established the Postvesenet (now Posten Norge). The Postvesenet primarily provided a way for various parts of the country to communicate with the central government in Christiania (spelled Kristiania from 1877; renamed Oslo in 1925).  Although Norway came under rule of the Swedish king in 1815, the postal service remained independent of the Swedish post, and continued to gradually established routes throughout the country.
Juan Carlos Cobos
Lorenzo Joaquín Pires (5 June 1928 – 10 November 1999), better known by his stage name Juan Carlos Cobos, was an Argentine singer, lyricist, and composer, known for his performances with the Orquesta típica Osvaldo Pugliese during the 1950s.

Osvaldo Pugliese
Osvaldo Pedro Pugliese (December 2, 1905 – July 25, 1995) was an Argentine tango musician. He developed dramatic arrangements that retained strong elements of the walking beat of salon tango but also heralded the development of concert-style tango music. Some of his music, mostly since the 1950s, is used for theatrical dance performances. In Buenos Aires, Pugliese is often played later in the evening when the dancers want to dance more slowly, impressionistically and intimately.
Jüterbog
Jüterbog  (German pronunciation: [ˈjyːtɐˌbɔk] ⓘ) is a historic town in north-eastern Germany, in the Teltow-Fläming district of Brandenburg. It is on the Nuthe river at the northern slope of the Fläming hill range, about 65 km (40 mi) southwest of Berlin.

Barbican
A barbican (from Old French: barbacane) is a fortified outpost or fortified gateway, such as at an outer defense perimeter of a city or castle, or any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defensive purposes.
Forggensee
The Forggensee, also called the Roßhaupten Reservoir, is a reservoir located north of Füssen in the county of Ostallgäu in Bavaria, Germany and one of many lakes in the region around Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein castles. With a surface area of 15.2 km2, it is the fifth-largest lake in Bavaria and the largest reservoir in Germany by area. The River Lech flows through it. The Forggensee is known primarily as a tourist destination for aquatic sports and recreation. Besides Füssen, other settlements on the lake include  Halblech, Rieden am Forggensee and Roßhaupten. The lake takes its name from the former hamlet of Forggen which has been submerged by the reservoir.

Alpsee
The Alpsee (German pronunciation: [ˈalpzeː]) is a lake in the Ostallgäu district of Bavaria, Germany, located about 4 kilometres southeast of Füssen. It is close to the Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles. The lake has just under five kilometres of shoreline and a depth of up to 62 metres.
The Norman Tower (Bury St Edmunds)
The Norman Tower, also known as St James' Gate, is the detached bell tower of St Edmundsbury Cathedral, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. Originally constructed in the early 12th century, as the gatehouse of the vast Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, it is one of only two surviving structures of the Abbey, the other being Abbey Gate, located 150 metres to the north. The Abbey itself lies in ruins, approximately 200 metres to the east. As a virtually unaltered structure of the Romanesque age, the tower is both a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The tower is considered amongst the finest Norman structures in East Anglia.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Mark Blagrove
Mark Blagrove is a British research psychologist who specializes in the study of sleep and  dreams.

He is a professor of psychology at Swansea University in Wales, and is Director of the Swansea University Sleep Laboratory.

Dada
Dada (/ˈdɑːdɑː/) or Dadaism was an international art movement that developed in the context of the Great War and Futurism first established in Zürich, Switzerland, and later quickly spread to Berlin, Paris, New York City and a variety of artistic centers in Europe and Asia. The Dada movement's principles were first collected in Hugo Ball's Dada Manifesto in 1916. Ball is seen as the founder of the Dada movement. Other key figures in the movement included Emmy Hennings, Jean Arp, Johannes Baader, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Richard Huelsenbeck, Francis Picabia, Man Ray, Hans Richter, Kurt Schwitters, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Tristan Tzara, and Beatrice Wood, among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, nouveau réalisme, pop art, and Fluxus.
Tata Tiago
The Tata Tiago is a 5-door hatchback city car made by Tata Motors in India since 2016.

Codenamed the "Kite" during development, the Tiago was previously announced as the Tata Zica, with "Zica" short for "zippy car", but it was changed because the launch of the car coincided with the outbreak of Zika virus. Tiago, a common Portuguese masculine name, was simultaneously picked from suggestions solicited online and from brand naming company Appella's fully validated shortlist of names, who were commissioned by Tata Motors to find an alternative name in February 2016.

Since March 2017, a sedan derivative of the Tiago known as the Tigor has been produced.

Hatchback
A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to the main interior of the car as a cargo area rather than just to a separated trunk. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second-row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume.

While early examples of the body configuration can be traced to the 1930s, the Merriam-Webster dictionary dates the term itself to 1970. The hatchback body style has been marketed worldwide on cars ranging in size from superminis to small family cars, as well as executive cars and some sports cars. They are a primary component of sport utility vehicles.
Tommy Sloan (footballer, born 1964)
Thomas Sloan (born 24 August 1964), is a Scottish former footballer who played as a striker for several clubs in the Scottish Football League. He is currently the manager of Auchinleck Talbot with whom he has won the Scottish Junior Cup on seven occasions.

SJFA West Region Premiership
The SJFA West Region Premiership (also known as the McBookie.com West Region Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was a semi-professional football league run by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association, and was the highest tier of league competition for its member clubs.

Formerly known as the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division, the league was created in 2002 with the amalgamation of the top leagues of the Central and Ayrshire regions.

It was abolished in 2020 when all SJFA West Region clubs moved to join the newly formed senior West of Scotland Football League.

The final champions and most successful club were Auchinleck Talbot, who won seven league titles. A total of 32 clubs competed in the league.
Sunday Sinners
Sunday Sinners is a 1940 drama, comedy, musical and religious race film directed by and co-produced by Arthur Dreifuss and Jack Goldberg starring his wife Mamie Smith, Norman Astwood, Edna Mae Harris and Earl Sydnor.

Race film
The race film or race movie was a genre of film produced in the United States between about 1915 and the early 1950s, consisting of films produced for black audiences, and featuring black casts. Approximately five hundred race films were produced. Of these, fewer than one hundred remain. Because race films were produced outside the Hollywood studio system, they were largely forgotten by mainstream film historians until they resurfaced in the 1980s on the BET cable network. In their day, race films were very popular among African-American theatergoers. Their influence continues to be felt in cinema and television marketed to African-Americans.

The term "race film" is sometimes used to describe films of the period aimed at other minority audiences. For instance, the 1926 film Silk Bouquet (also known as The Dragon Horse) starred the Asian-American actress Anna May Wong and was marketed to Chinese-American audiences.
North Gosforth
North Gosforth is a suburb and civil parish in the City of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England.  It is north of the city centre, and has a population of 3,527, increasing to 5,639 at the 2011 Census.

Newcastle City Centre
Newcastle City Centre is the city centre district of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is the historical heart of the city and serves as the main cultural and commercial centre of the North East England region. The city centre forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation.

The city centre district is sometimes subdivided into the areas of Haymarket, Quayside, Grainger Town, Monument, Gallowgate, and Chinatown.
Sovereign Grant Act 2011
The Sovereign Grant Act 2011 (c. 15) is the act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced the Sovereign Grant, the payment that is paid annually to the monarch by the government  to fund the monarch's official duties. It is usually set as a percentage of annual income from the Crown Estate. The Sovereign Grant Act 2011 was the biggest reform to the finances of the British royal family since the inception of the Civil List in 1760.  In addition to the Sovereign Grant, the monarch continues to receive the revenue of the Duchy of Lancaster, while the Prince of Wales receives the revenues of the Duchy of Cornwall.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Whirlpool (hash function)
In computer science and cryptography, Whirlpool (sometimes styled WHIRLPOOL) is a cryptographic hash function. It was designed by Vincent Rijmen (co-creator of  the Advanced Encryption Standard) and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto, who first described it in 2000. It is named after the Whirlpool galaxy in Canes Venatici (M51, or NGC 5194), the first one recognized to have a spiral structure by William Parsons, third Earl of Rosse, in April 1845.

The hash has been recommended by the NESSIE project. It has also been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as part of the joint ISO/IEC 10118-3 international standard.

Bit array
A bit array (also known as bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly. A typical bit array stores kw bits, where w is the number of bits in the unit of storage, such as a byte or word, and k is some positive integer. If w does not divide the number of bits to be stored, some space is wasted due to internal fragmentation.
Long Biên Bridge
Long Biên Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Long Biên) is a historic cantilever bridge across the Red River that connects two districts, Hoàn Kiếm and Long Biên of the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. It was originally called Paul Doumer Bridge.

Red River (Asia)
The Red River or the Hong River (traditional Chinese: 紅河; simplified Chinese: 红河; pinyin: Hóng Hé; Vietnamese: Sông Hồng; Chữ Nôm: 瀧紅), also known as the Sông Cái (lit. "Main River"; Chữ Nôm: 瀧丐) in Vietnamese and the Yuan River (元江, Yuán Jiāng) in Chinese, is a 1,149-kilometer (714 mi)-long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin. According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions. The river is relatively shallow, and carries a lot of reddish silt along its way, appearing red brown in colour.
Swarraton
Swarraton is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Northington, in the City of Winchester district of Hampshire, England. It lies three miles (5 km) from New Alresford covers an acreage of 755 acres (3.06 km2). Its nearest railway station is in New Alresford, on the Mid-Hants section of the London and South Western Railway. In 1931 the parish had a population of 90. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Northington.

New Alresford
New Alresford or simply Alresford (/ˈɒlzfərd/ OLZ-fərd or /ˈɔːlzfərd/ AWLZ-fərd) is a market town and civil parish in the City of Winchester district of Hampshire, England. It is 8.0 miles (12.9 km) northeast of Winchester and 12 miles (20 km) southwest of the town of Alton.

New Alresford, situated with the River Alre to its north, has a remarkably well preserved 17th and 18th Century high street which offers several shops, a tourist information centre, a central conservation area, and several tea rooms and pubs. The western terminus of the Watercress Line heritage railway is at Alresford railway station in the town.
Dangi cattle
Dangi (Marathi:डांगी) is an indigenous cattle breed of India. It originated in the hilly tracts of Dangs comprising the Nasik and Ahmednagar districts in the  state of Maharashtra. The breed is medium to large in body size. They are a very good draught breed and known for their adaptability to heavy rainfall areas. The skin of this breed secretes an oil element that enables them to tolerate heavy rains.

Nashik district
Nashik district, formerly known as Nasik district, is a district in Maharashtra, India. The city of Nashik is the administrative headquarters of the district. Nashik is well known for the production of wine. Nashik is also known as Mini Maharashtra, because the climate and soil conditions of Surgana, Peth, Igatpuri resembles with Konkan. Niphad, Sinnar, Dindori, Baglan blocks are like Western Maharashtra and Yeola, Nandgaon, Chandwad blocks are like Vidarbha Region. Nashik is the biggest city in the district while Malegaon is the second biggest city. Manmad, Igatpuri, and Sinnar are some of the big cities situated in the Nashik District. Manmad is one of the biggest railway junctions in India while the city of Malegaon is famous for its powerloom.
Feilding railway station
Feilding railway station was a station on the North Island Main Trunk line in Feilding, New Zealand. It was opened on 1 October 1876 and closed on 25 June 2012. The station is now used by an occasional excursion train.

The south wall of the station is decorated with a mural, which features Feilding's 1999 clock tower, which has a 1902 clock. The nearby former goods shed has a mural depicting the X Class loco stored at Feilding. The murals were by Eric Brew, who was a resident artist and painted many other murals in the town.

Feilding had hoped to be the junction of the North Island Main Trunk and the Marton–New Plymouth line so had made Kimbolton Road exceptionally wide, but that honour went to Marton.

NZR RM class (88 seater)
The NZR RM class 88-Seaters were a class of railcar used in New Zealand. New Zealand Government Railways (NZR) classified them as RM (Rail Motor), the notation used for all railcars, numbering the 35 sets from RM100 to RM134. They were the most numerous railcars in NZR service. Their purchase and introduction saw the demise of steam-hauled provincial passenger trains and mixed trains, and was part of a deliberate effort to modernise NZR passenger services at a time of increasing competition from private motor vehicles. Being diesel powered and lighter the railcars were less expensive to operate and able to maintain quicker timetables, although they became plagued with mechanical and electrical problems, with a number of the classes eventually being turned into depowered locomotive-hauled carriages and reclassified as the AC class "Grassgrubs".
Fuller, Banbury, Nix & Co
Fuller, Banbury, Nix & Co was a British private bank based in the City of London. It was founded in 1737 (1737) in Lombard Street, London and operated under a succession of names reflecting its different partners until receiving its final name in 1881. One of the bank's partners, John Hennings Nix, was the second great-grandfather of Alexander Nix. The bank had a seat on the London Bankers' Clearing House. In 1891 the bank was acquired by Parr's Banking Co Ltd of Warrington, thus facilitating the bank's expansion into London. Through merger with London County & Westminster Bank in 1918, it became a constituent part of the modern NatWest.

Private banking
Private banking is a general description for banking, investment and other financial services provided by banks and financial institutions primarily serving high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) – those with very high income or substantial assets. Private banking is presented by those who provide such services as an exclusive subset of wealth management services, provided to particularly affluent clients. The term "private" refers to customer service rendered on a more personal basis than in mass-market retail banking, usually provided via dedicated bank advisers. It has typically consisted of banking services (deposit taking and payments), discretionary asset management, brokerage, limited tax advisory services and some basic concierge services, typically offered through a gateway provided by a single designated relationship manager.
Cirié
Cirié (Italian pronunciation: [tʃiˈrje]; Piedmontese: Ciriè or Siriè) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Turin.

Cirié borders the following municipalities: Nole, San Carlo Canavese, San Maurizio Canavese and Robassomero.

Stura di Lanzo
Stura di Lanzo (Latin: Varus) is a 65-kilometre (40 mi) long river in north-western Italy (Piedmont), in the Metropolitan City of Turin. It is formed from several tributaries near Lanzo Torinese. It flows into the river Po in Turin.
Louis Danziger
Louis Danziger (born November 17, 1923) is an American graphic designer and design educator. He is most strongly associated with the late modern movement in graphic design, and with a community of designers from various disciplines working in Southern California in the mid-twentieth century. He is noted for his iconoclastic approach to design, and for introducing the principles of European constructivism to the American advertising vernacular.

In 1998, Danziger was awarded the AIGA Gold Medal for "standards of excellence over a lifetime of work."

Danziger retired from design more than 20 years ago to work as a consultant and educator. He has held faculty positions with ArtCenter, Chouinard, CalArts and Harvard University.

ArtCenter College of Design
The ArtCenter College of Design is a private art college in Pasadena, California.

It was incorporated in 1930 as a degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual arts and design. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Arts, and Doctor of Science degrees across multiple majors mostly relating to design.
Creutz–Taube complex
The Creutz–Taube ion is the metal complex with the formula {[Ru(NH3)5]2(C4H4N2)}5+. This cationic species has been heavily studied in an effort to understand the intimate details of inner sphere electron transfer, that is, how electrons move from one metal complex to another. The ion is named after  Carol Creutz, who first prepared the complex, and her thesis advisor Henry Taube, who received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this and related discoveries on electron transfer.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Geography of South Korea
36°N 128°E﻿ / ﻿36°N 128°E﻿ / 36; 128

South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula located out from the far east of the Asian landmass. The only country that shares a land border with South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of the border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coastline along three seas: to the west is the Yellow Sea (called Sohae Korean: 서해; Hanja: 西海; in South Korea, literally means "west sea"), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (called Donghae Korean: 동해; Hanja: 東海; in South Korea, literally means "east sea"). Geographically, South Korea's landmass is approximately 100,364 square kilometres (38,751 mi2). 290 square kilometres (110 mi2) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37° North, 128° East.

Nakdong River
The Nakdong River or Nakdonggang (Korean: 낙동강, pronounced [nak̚t͈oŋgaŋ]) is the longest river in South Korea, which passes through the major cities of Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Era.