hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constantine II of Kakheti
Constantine II (Georgian: კონსტანტინე II) (died December 28, 1732), also known as Mahmād Qulī Khān (მაჰმად ყული-ხანი) in Iran, was a king (mepe) of Kakheti in eastern Georgia of the Bagrationi dynasty from 1722 to 1732.

Kingdom of Kakheti
The Kingdom of Kakheti (Georgian: კახეთის სამეფო, romanized: k'akhetis samepo; also spelled Kaxet'i or Kakhetia) was a late medieval and early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Gremi and then at Telavi. It emerged in the process of a tripartite division of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1466 and existed, with several brief intermissions, until 1762 when Kakheti and the neighboring Georgian kingdom of Kartli were merged through a dynastic succession under the Kakhetian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. Through much of this period, the kingdom was a vassal of the successive dynasties of Iran, and to a much shorter period Ottoman Empire, but enjoyed intermittent periods of greater independence, especially after 1747.
Weak charge
In nuclear physics and atomic physics, weak charge, or rarely neutral weak charge, refers to the Standard Model weak interaction coupling of a particle to the Z boson; it is named by analogy to electric charge, which measures coupling to the photon of electromagnetism. For example, for any given nuclear isotope, the total weak charge is approximately −0.99 per neutron, and +0.07 per proton. It also shows an effect of parity violation during electron scattering.

This same term is sometimes also used to refer to other, different quantities, such as weak isospin or weak hypercharge; this article concerns the use of weak charge for a quantity that measures the degree of vector coupling of a fermion to the Z boson (i.e. the coupling strength of weak neutral currents).

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Intuitive Password
Intuitive Password is a proprietary freemium password manager and secure digital wallet that stores users' passwords and confidential data. It was launched in 2013 by the Australian company Intuitive Security Systems. Intuitive Password received mixed reviews.

Neil J. Rubeking wrote in PC Magazine in 2013 that one significant downside of Intuitive Password's was their lack of automated password capture, like some of their competitors.

Password manager
A password manager is a software program that prevents password fatigue by automatically generating, autofilling, and storing passwords. They are useful for local applications or web applications such as online shops or social media. Web browsers tend to have a built-in password manager. Password managers typically require a user to create and remember a single password to unlock to access the stored passwords. Password managers can integrate multi-factor authentication and passkey authentication.
Myiacerapis
Myiacerapis is a subgenus of the hoverfly genus Microdon. It contains only one species, Microdon villosus. It is native to Uganda, though an undescribed species is known from South Africa. Larvae are found in ant nests.

Microdon
Hover flies (family Syrphidae) of the genus Microdon are unusual among the Diptera. Like other members of the subfamily, they are myrmecophiles, meaning they inhabit the nests of ants.

There are 249 species known worldwide, with the greatest diversity being from the tropics; 30 species are known from North America, though it is expected that many of these species will be placed in other genera in time, as Microdon has been used as a catch-all for various unrelated species not placed in other genera.
Emmanuel Culio
Juan Emmanuel Culio (born 30 August 1983) is an Argentine former professional footballer.

He is one of the most successful foreign players who had ever played in Liga I in Romania. In this regard, he had won 6 championships, all with CFR Cluj.

2009 Supercupa României
The 2009 Supercupa României was the 11th edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Bucharest at Stadionul Giuleşti-Valentin Stănescu on 26 July 2009, and was contested between Liga I title holders, FC Unirea Urziceni and Cupa României champions, CFR Cluj. The winner, after penalties, was CFR Cluj. CFR was the first club not from Bucharest to claim the trophy since its establishment in 1994. The trophy was handed to the winners by Romania national football team coach, Răzvan Lucescu.
Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias
Balthasar Charles (Spanish: Baltasar Carlos de Austria; 17 October 1629 - 9 October 1646), Prince of Asturias, Prince of Girona, Prince of Viana, Prince of Portugal, Duke of Montblanc, Count of Cervera, and Lord of Balaguer was heir apparent to all the kingdoms, states and dominions of the Spanish monarchy from his birth until his death.

Hereditary Prince of Portugal
Hereditary Prince of Portugal (Portuguese: Príncipe Herdeiro de Portugal), unofficially Prince of Portugal (Príncipe Herdeiro de Portugal), or Princess of Portugal, was the title held by the heirs apparent and heirs presumptive to the Kingdom of Portugal, from 1433 to 1645.

The title differs from the title Infante of Portugal, which is the title given to all children of the monarch except the first in the line of succession, and is often translated into English as "prince".
Leonard Sarason
Leonard Sarason (1925 – September 24, 1994) was a music composer, a pianist, and a mathematician. He earned a master's degree music composition from Yale University, supervised by Paul Hindemith. After a doctorate in Mathematics at New York University supervised by Kurt Otto Friedrichs he taught mathematics at Stanford University and the University of Washington. His mathematical research concerned partial differential equations.

Kurt Otto Friedrichs
Kurt Otto Friedrichs (September 28, 1901 – December 31, 1982) was a German-American mathematician. He was the co-founder of the Courant Institute at New York University, and a recipient of the National Medal of Science.
Connaught Drive
Connaught Drive was a one-way road situated within the Downtown Core of Singapore, connecting Stamford Road to Fullerton Road along the northern bank of the Singapore River. Flanked by prominent landmarks, Esplanade Park lay to its left while The Padang bordered its right. Prior to the opening of the Esplanade Bridge in 1997, Connaught Drive served as a principal thoroughfare for vehicular traffic travelling from Marina Centre and Nicoll Highway across the river into the civic district.

Marina Centre
Marina Central or Marina Centre (Chinese: 滨海中心; Malay: Marina Pusat) is a zone of reclaimed land within the Downtown Core in the southern part of Singapore. Together with the Marina South area, it encloses the sheltered Marina Bay.

Suntec City, Marina Square, Millenia Walk, Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay and South Beach Tower are located within Marina Central.
Iona University
Iona University (/aɪˈoʊnə/) is a private Catholic university with a main campus in New Rochelle, New York, United States. It was founded in 1940 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and occupies a campus of 45 acres (0.18 km2) in New Rochelle and a campus of 28 acres (0.11 km2) in Bronxville, New York.

Iona University offers more than 60 undergraduate programs and 45 graduate programs in the School of Arts & Science, LaPenta School of Business and the NewYork-Presbyterian Iona School of Health Sciences. It also offers graduate courses in Manhattan and has 14 study abroad programs. As of academic year 2018–2019, the institution enrolled approximately 4,000 undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds representing 35 states and 47 countries of origin.

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (abbreviated as NYP) is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City. It is the primary teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. The hospital includes nine campuses located throughout the New York metropolitan area. The hospital's two flagship medical centers, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, are located on opposite sides of Upper Manhattan.

As of 2022, the hospital is ranked the seventh-best hospital in the United States and second-best in the New York City metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital has more than 6,500 affiliated physicians, 20,000 employees and operates 4,000+ beds in total. It is one of the largest hospitals in the world. NYPH annually treats about 310,000 patients in its emergency department and delivers about 15,000 babies.
Golf at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's team
The men's team was an event held as part of the golf programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was the last time a golf event was held at the Olympics until 2016. Three teams of 10 golfers competed. The competition was held on September 17, 1904.

Golf at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, two golf events were contested – men's individual and team tournaments. The competitions were held from September 17, 1904 to September 24, 1904. It was the second and final appearance of the sport at the Olympics until the 2016 Summer Olympics. The men's individual event was switched to a match play tournament rather than the stroke play used four years earlier.
Negation (Freud)
Denial, abnegation or negation (German: Verleugnung, Verneinung) is a psychological defense mechanism postulated by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence.

The subject may use:

simple denial: deny the reality of the unpleasant fact altogether

minimisation: admit the fact but deny its seriousness (a combination of denial and rationalization)

projection: admit both the fact and seriousness but deny responsibility by blaming somebody or something else

Defence mechanism
In psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that  protect the self from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and external stressors. We automatically use defences to protect ourselves from threats and affects to maintain psychological balance and homeostasis. Defenses are automatic responses to external stressors or internal conflicts.

Healthy people have a fully developed sense of "object constancy", knowing that bad and good can exist at the same time in the same person. A defense mechanism can become pathological when its persistent use leads to maladaptive behaviour such that the physical or mental health of the individual is adversely affected. Among the purposes of defense mechanisms is to protect the mind/self/ego from anxiety or to provide a refuge from a situation with which one cannot cope at that moment.
Nancy Rubins
Nancy Rubins (born 1952) is an American sculptor and installation artist.  Her sculptural works are primarily composed of blooming arrangements of large rigid objects such as televisions, small appliances,  camping and construction trailers,  hot water heaters, mattresses, airplane parts, rowboats, kayaks, canoes, surfboards, and other objects. Works such as Big Edge at CityCenter in Las Vegas contain over 200 boat vessels. Stainless Steel, Aluminum, Monochrome I, Built to Live Anywhere, at Home Here, at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, contains 66 used aluminum boats and rises to a height of 30 ft.

Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego
The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is an art museum in La Jolla, a community of San Diego, California. It is focused on the collection, preservation, exhibition, and interpretation of works of art from 1950 to the present.
Faithfully flat descent
Faithfully flat descent or flat descent is a technique from algebraic geometry, allowing one to draw conclusions about objects on the target of a faithfully flat morphism. Such morphisms, that are flat and surjective, are common, one example coming from an open cover.

In practice, from an affine point of view, this technique allows one to prove some statement about a ring or scheme after faithfully flat base change.

In the language of stacks, flat descent is exactly the statement that the prestack of quasi-coherent sheaves is a stack with respect to étale (or fpqc) topology.

"Vanilla" faithfully flat descent is generally false; instead, faithfully flat descent is valid under some finiteness conditions (e.g., quasi-compact or locally of finite presentation).

A faithfully flat descent is a special case of Beck's monadicity theorem.

Flat module
In algebra, flat modules include free modules, projective modules, and, over a principal ideal domain, torsion-free modules. Formally, a module M over a ring R is flat if  taking the tensor product over R with M preserves exact sequences. A module is faithfully flat if taking the tensor product with a sequence produces an exact sequence if and only if the original sequence is exact.

Flatness was introduced by Jean-Pierre Serre (1956) in his paper Géometrie Algébrique et Géométrie Analytique.
Partition of Quebec
The partition of Quebec refers to the secession of regions of the province of Quebec, rather than to partitions in a strict political sense. It is usually discussed as a possibility in the event of Quebec secession from Canada. It was not a key issue in either the 1980 Referendum on Quebec Sovereignty or the 1995 Referendum on Quebec Sovereignty, but dominated the politics of national unity for about two years in the aftermath of the second referendum. Since then, the issue has occasionally resurfaced (for example in the 2007 provincial election).

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Seth Brundle
Dr. Seth Brundle, also known as Brundlefly, is a fictional character and the tragic hero in David Cronenberg's 1986 remake of The Fly. He is played by Jeff Goldblum. Brundle was the third of Goldblum's "nerdy scientist" roles and is one of his most famous roles to date.

The character of Brundle was played by Daniel Okulitch in Howard Shore's 2008 opera The Fly in its premiere at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris.

The Fly (1958 film)
The Fly is a 1958 American science fiction horror film directed and produced by Kurt Neumann and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The screenplay by James Clavell is based on the 1957 short story of the same name by George Langelaan. The film stars David Hedison (in his first leading role), Patricia Owens, Vincent Price, and Herbert Marshall.

The film tells the story of a scientist who is transformed into a grotesque human–fly hybrid after a common house fly enters unseen into a molecular transporter with which he is experimenting, resulting in his atoms being combined with those of the insect. The film was released in CinemaScope by Fox, with color by Deluxe. It was released on July 16, 1958 as a double feature with Space Master X-7 (1958).

The first installment in The Fly film series, the film was followed by two sequels, Return of the Fly (1959) and Curse of the Fly (1965). A remake directed by David Cronenberg was released in 1986, itself followed by a 1989 sequel The Fly II.
Silicon monoxide
Silicon monoxide is the chemical compound with the formula SiO where silicon is present in the oxidation state +2. In the vapour phase, it is a diatomic molecule. 
It has been detected in stellar objects and has been described as the most common oxide of silicon in the universe.

Oxide
An oxide (/ˈɒksaɪd/) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further oxidation.
Catherine Day (civil servant)
Catherine Day (born 16 June 1954 in Mount Merrion, Dublin) is a former European civil servant from Ireland.
Appointed in November 2005 as Secretary-General of the European Commission, she served two terms with President Jose Manuel Barroso and continued with his successor, Mr Jean-Claude Juncker until she retired in September 2015. She was the first woman to hold the post of Secretary General of the European Commission.

Secretary-General of the European Commission
The secretary-general of the European Commission is the senior civil servant of the European Commission. The secretary-general, who is responsible to the president of the European Commission, is in charge of the various Directorates-General, headed by directors-general.

Their staff form the Secretariat-General of the European Commission.
German war crimes
The governments of the German Empire and Nazi Germany (under Adolf Hitler) ordered, organized, and condoned a substantial number of war crimes, first in the Herero and Nama genocide and then in the First and Second World Wars. The most notable of these is the Holocaust, in which millions of European Jews were systematically abused, deported, and murdered, along with Romani in the Romani Holocaust and non-Jewish Poles. Millions of civilians and prisoners of war also died as a result of German abuses, mistreatment, and deliberate starvation policies in those two conflicts. Much of the evidence was deliberately destroyed by the perpetrators, such as in Sonderaktion 1005, in an attempt to conceal their crimes.

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands. Along with the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Conventions were among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of secular international law. A third conference was planned for 1914 and later rescheduled for 1915, but it did not take place because of the start of World War I. Article 22 states that, "the right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.”
Army Men: Soldiers of Misfortune
Army Men: Soldiers of Misfortune is a 2008 third-person shooter video game developed by Big Blue Bubble and published by Zoo Games for Wii, Nintendo DS and PlayStation 2, becoming a Nintendo exclusive in Europe. It was the last home console game in the Army Men series and the only one to be released on seventh-generation platforms. The game was otherwise only followed by mobile releases in the 2010s. It is a major departure from prior games in the series in that players assume the role of Private Timmy Reynolds a human child who plays with toy soldiers instead of the toy soldiers themselves, shrinking down to their size to participate in a war among them. The game includes 15 levels and a variety of weapons provided by the player.

Army Men
Army Men is a series of video games originally developed by The 3DO Company and then by Global Star Software. It is based on various conflicts between four kinds of plastic army men, distinguished by their color: the Green, the Tan, the Blue, and the Grey. Two other factions, the Red and the Orange, as well as a much smaller army, the Black, also contribute to the story. Two additional factions, the Galactic Army and the Alien Army, were introduced in Army Men: Toys in Space.
Forum for National Parties
The Forum for National Parties (Madasha Xisbiyada Qaran) is an alliance of political parties in Somalia founded in October 2019. The alliance includes Himilo Qaran party, led by former President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, and Peace and Development Party led by incumbent President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Other key leaders joining the coalition include Ilays party leader Abdulkadir Osoble, former South West President Sharif Hassan and former defense minister Mohamed Abdi, the first interim president of Jubaland.

The alliance has been formed ahead of the 2022 Somali elections, when for the first time since 1969 Somalia was set to hold one man one vote elections. Reconciliation and dialogue between the federal government and federal member states will be critical to making further progress on political, security and economic reforms.

Ethiopian National Defense Force
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) (Amharic: የኢፌዴሪ መከላከያ ሰራዊት, romanized: Ye'īfēdērī mekelakeya šerawīt, lit. 'FDRE Defense Force') is the combined military force of Ethiopia. ENDF is consisted of 8 command forces which is controlled by Defense Commanders council chaired by Chief of General Staff.
Morocco Billie Jean King Cup team
The Morocco Billie Jean King Cup team represents Morocco in the Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Fédération Royale Marocaine de Tennis.  They have not competed since 2003.

Royal Moroccan Tennis Federation
The Royal Moroccan Tennis Federation (Arabic: الجامعة الملكية للتنس, often shortened as FRMT for its French acronym Fédération Royale Marocaine de Tennis) is the national governing body of tennis in Morocco. It was founded in 1957. It is currently presided by Fayçal Laraichi, a close collaborator of Mohammed VI and the chairman of the state-owned television and radio SNRT.