hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cao Ren
Cao Ren (pronunciationⓘ) (168 – 6 May 223), courtesy name Zixiao, was a military general serving during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China under the warlord Cao Cao, who was also his older second cousin. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei – founded by Cao Cao's son and successor, Cao Pi – during the Three Kingdoms period. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han dynasty. He was appointed as the Grand Marshal (大司馬) when Cao Pi ascended the throne, and was also credited by the latter for the establishment of Wei. However, Cao Ren was also once derided as a mediocre commander by Zhu Huan, a general from Wei's rival state Eastern Wu.

Jingzhou (ancient China)
Jingzhou or Jing Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China referenced in early Chinese texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya, and Rites of Zhou.

Jingzhou became an administrative division during the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BCE) in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE). It usually corresponded with the modern-day provinces of Hubei and Hunan until the Sui dynasty, after which it referred to the city of Jingzhou.
Alexander Kazakov
Alexander Alexandrovich Kazakov (Kozakov, Kosakoff) (Russian: Александр Александрович Казаков) (2 January 1889 – 1 August 1919) (British Distinguished Service Order and Military Cross and the French Légion d'honneur) was the most successful Russian flying ace and fighter pilot during the First World War.

Nieuport 11
The Nieuport 11 (or Nieuport XI C.1 in contemporary sources), nicknamed the Bébé, is a French World War I single seat sesquiplane fighter aircraft, designed by Gustave Delage. It was the primary aircraft that ended the Fokker Scourge in 1916. The type saw service with several of France's allies, and gave rise to the series of "vee-strut" Nieuport fighters that remained in service (latterly as trainers) into the 1920s.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hardin County, Iowa
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hardin County, Iowa.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hardin County, Iowa, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 35 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa
This is a list of properties and historic districts in Iowa that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There are listings in all of Iowa's 99 counties, adding up to over 2,300 total.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 13, 2026.
Architecture of Berlin
Berlin's history has left the city with an eclectic assortment of architecture. The city's appearance in the 21st century has been shaped by the key role the city played in Germany's history during the 19th and 20th-century.

Each of the governments based in Berlin—the Kingdom of Prussia, the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany and the reunified Federal Republic of Germany—initiated ambitious construction programs, with each adding its distinct flavour to the city's architecture.

Bellevue Palace, Germany
Bellevue Palace (German: Schloss Bellevue, pronounced [ʃlɔs bɛlˈvyː] ⓘ), located in Berlin's Tiergarten district, has been the official residence of the president of Germany since 1994. The schloss is situated on the banks of the Spree river, near the Berlin Victory Column, along the northern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park. Its name – the French for "beautiful view" – derives from its scenic prospect over the Spree's course.
YSO 244-440
YSO 244-440 (also nicknamed the Stellar Sprinkler) is a binary system of young stellar objects (YSO) located 1,300 light years from Earth in the constellation of Orion. The two objects have an orbital separation of 30-40 AU. The larger object has a mass of about 0.5 solar masses while the smaller object orbiting it has a mass of around <0.2 solar masses. It has an age of roughly 0.1-0.2 million years old. It is a giant proplyd with a radius of approximately 1,400 AU across making it one of the largest proplyds in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC).

The system has a bipolar jet with a noticeable S-shape morphology. The morphology of the jets is from the material being launched from the smaller star orbiting the larger. Another factor in the shape of the bipolar jet is the strong amounts of radiation produced by the stars.

Binary system
A binary system is a system of two astronomical bodies of the same kind that are comparable in size. Definitions vary, but typically require the center of mass to be located outside of either object. (See animated examples.)

The most common kinds of binary system are binary stars and binary asteroids, but brown dwarfs, planets, neutron stars, black holes and galaxies can also form binaries.

A multiple system is similar but consists of three or more objects, for example triple stars and triple asteroids (a more common term than 'trinary').
New Bongaigaon Junction railway station
New Bongaigaon Junction is a railway junction station of Barauni–Guwahati line and New Bongaigaon–Jogihopa–Kamakhya line of Northeast Frontier Railway. It is the one and only railway station in India which is located over the Tunia River. It is the largest railway station with Carriage & Wagon Workshop in Rangiya railway division.

Kamrup Express
Kamrup Express is a daily Express train which connects Kolkata, the capital of the state of West Bengal with Dibrugarh, a major tea manufacturing town in upper Assam. The name Kamrup is derived from the Kamrup district, one of the 35 administrative regions of the State of Assam. The train is operated by the North East Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways and has two dedicated services, namely 15959 / 15960 via Guwahati and 15961 / 15962 via Rangapara North.
Bates family
The Bates family is an American political and banking family from Maine and Massachusetts whose members include a member of the Hell Fire Club, the 26th U.S. Attorney General serving under Abraham Lincoln, the second Governor of Missouri, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Arkansas, and a textile tycoon who founded the Bates Manufacturing Company and Bates College in Lewiston, Maine. The family includes various merchants, politicians, inventors, clergymen, artists, and socialites.

The family is related to the political Gilbert family and indirectly to the Alden family, the first family on the Mayflower.

James Woodson Bates
James Woodson Bates (August 25, 1788 – December 26, 1846) was an American lawyer and statesman from Sebastian County, Arkansas. He represented the Arkansas Territory as a delegate to the United States House of Representatives.
2019 BWF World Junior Championships – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles of the tournament 2019 BWF World Junior Championships will be held from 7 to 13 October 2019. The defending champions were Leo Rolly Carnando/Indah Cahya Sari Jamil from Indonesia, but lost to Feng Yanzhe and Lin Fangling from China in the final.

2019 BWF World Junior Championships
The 2019 BWF World Junior Championships was the twenty-first edition of the BWF World Junior Championships. It was held in Kazan, Russia at the Kazan Gymnastics Center from 30 September to 13 October 2019.
Yingbo
Yingbo (Chinese: 𦀚伯) was an early ruler of the ancient Chinese state that would later be known as Chu. His father was Jilian and his mother was Bi Zhui (妣隹), a granddaughter of the Shang dynasty king Pangeng. He had a younger brother named Yuanzhong (遠仲).

According to the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, Yingbo was succeeded by Xuexiong (better known as Yuxiong). However, Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian recorded the name of Jilian's son as Fuju (附沮), and Xuexiong as Fuju's son. The exact relationship between Yingbo, Fuju, and Xuexiong/Yuxiong is unclear.

Yuxiong
Yuxiong (Chinese: 鬻熊; pinyin: Yùxióng, reigned 11th century BC), also known as Yuzi or Master Yu (Chinese: 鬻子; pinyin: Yùzǐ), was an early ruler of the ancient Chinese state that was later known as Chu. He was an ally and teacher of King Wen of Zhou (reigned 1099–1050 BC), the first king of the Zhou dynasty. In the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips his name is written as Xuexiong (Chinese: 穴熊; pinyin: Xuéxióng).

Yuxiong's clan name was Mi (芈). His son and successor Xiong Li adopted the second character of his name – Xiong – as the royal lineage name of Chu, which is now the 72nd most common surname in China.
Akelarre (cipher)
Akelarre is a block cipher proposed in 1996, combining the basic design of IDEA with ideas from RC5. It was shown to be susceptible to a ciphertext-only attack in 1997.

Akelarre is a 128-bit block cipher with a variable key-length which must be some multiple of 64 bits.  The number of rounds is variable, but four are suggested. The round function of Akelarre is similar to IDEA in structure.

After the successful cryptanalysis of Akelarre, its designers responded with an updated variant called Ake98. This cipher differs from the original Akelarre in the new AR-box (addition–rotation box), the swapping of words at the end of a round, and the addition of subkeys at the beginning of each round. In 2004, Jorge Nakahara, Jr. and Daniel Santana de Freitas found large classes of weak keys for Ake98. These weak keys allow a cryptanalysis faster than exhaustive search using only 71 known plaintexts, for up to 11.5 rounds of Ake98.

International Data Encryption Algorithm
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991. The algorithm was intended as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard (DES). IDEA is a minor revision of an earlier cipher, the Proposed Encryption Standard (PES).

The cipher was designed under a research contract with the Hasler Foundation, which became part of Ascom-Tech AG. The cipher was patented in a number of countries but was freely available for non-commercial use. The name "IDEA" is also a trademark. The last patents expired in 2012, and IDEA is now patent-free and thus completely free for all uses.

IDEA was used in Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) v2.0 and was incorporated after the original cipher used in v1.0, BassOmatic, was found to be insecure. IDEA is an optional algorithm in the OpenPGP standard.
Phi Aurigae
Phi Aurigae is a giant star in the northern constellation of Auriga. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from φ Aurigae, and abbreviated Phi Aur or φ Aur. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.089.  It lies 10′ from another faint naked-eye star HD 35520, between the three open clusters M36 and M38, and NGC 1893.

The distance to this star, as determined from parallax measurements, is approximately 507 light-years (155 parsecs) with a 9 light-year margin of error. It is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +31 km/s.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K3 IIIp. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, it has expanded to 34 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating over 300 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,222 K, giving it the cool orange-hued glow of a K-type star.

NGC 1893
NGC 1893 is an open cluster in the constellation Auriga. It is about 12,400 light years away. The star cluster is embedded in the Tadpole Nebula (HII region IC 410).

Images of the star cluster by the Chandra X-ray Observatory suggest that it contains approximately 4,600 young stellar objects.
Malaysian Red Crescent Society
The Malaysian Red Crescent (MRC; Malay: Bulan Sabit Merah Malaysia, BSMM) is a voluntary humanitarian organization that seeks to promote humanitarian values, as well as provide service and public education in disaster management, as well as healthcare in the community. It is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

Organised in 16 chapters and more than 150 branches nationwide, MRC is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. MRC also has a very active presence among youths and young adults through a well-organized network of youth and adult volunteer units in schools and institutions of higher learning.

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
Manie Maritz
Manie Maritz (26 July 1876 – 20 December 1940), also known as Gerrit Maritz, was a Boer officer during the Second Boer War. He was also a participant in the Herero and Nama genocide and later a leading participant in the pro-German Maritz rebellion in 1914. In the 1930s, Maritz became an outspoken Nazi sympathizer and supporter of Nazi Germany.

German South West Africa
German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, when it was captured by the Western Allies during World War I. However, Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Nama genocide.

In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war, its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (a dominion within the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 March 1990.
Mudiad Adfer
Mudiad Adfer (trans: 'Restoration Movement') was a splinter group of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh language Society) in the 1970s. Taking its Welsh-only philosophy from the works and teachings of Owain Owain and Emyr Llewelyn, it believed in the creation of "Y Fro Gymraeg" - a monoglot region based on the existing Welsh language heartlands in the west of Wales. Adfer slowly disappeared from the scene in the late 1980s.

Cymuned later emerged as a pressure-group in the Welsh-speaking areas of Wales.

Y Fro Gymraeg
Y Fro Gymraeg (Welsh for 'the Welsh language area'; pronounced [ə vroː ˈɡəmrɑːɨɡ]) is a name often used to refer to the linguistic area in Wales where the Welsh language is used by the majority or a large part of the population; it is the heartland of the Welsh language and comparable in that respect to the Gàidhealtachd of Scotland and Gaeltacht of Ireland. It has no official government recognition.
King Faisal Street (Riyadh)
King Faisal Street (Arabic: شارع الملك فيصل), formerly al-Wazir Street (Arabic: شارع الوزير), is a 5 km historic and commercial street in southern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, running from the east of al-Bateha neighborhood to al-Murabba via Jabrah and ad-Dirah. It was the first road built following the dismantling of the city walls in 1950, whereas the name 'al-Wazir' was derived from the nickname of the country's first finance minister, Abdullah bin Suleiman al-Hamdan, who was better known as Wazīr Kullī Shaīʾ (transl. minister for everything) and played a central role in the road's construction. It was later renamed after King Faisal. The street was once a preferred destination for commercial activity in the city and was also a bustling marketplace for imported and domestic goods.

Riyadh city fortifications
The Riyadh city fortifications (Arabic: سور مدينة الرياض, romanized: Sūr madīnat ar-Riyāḍ) were series of earth-structured defensive walls with watchtowers and gates that encircled the walled town of Riyadh, in modern-day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia intermittently from 1740s until they were finally demolished in the 1950s. Subsequently, Riyadh outgrew as a metropolis and the area covering the perimeters of the walled town was renamed as the Qasr al-Hukm District in 1973.  The town within the walls served as the administrative center of the Saudi government until 1944, when King Abdulaziz ibn Saud shifted his workplace and residence to the Murabba Palace.
Geraldine Quinn
Geraldine Mary Quinn is an Australian songwriter, guitarist, singer, comedian, and actor based in Melbourne. She has performed solo shows at many arts and comedy festivals, including Hex And The City in Adelaide, Melbourne, and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe (2009), and Queen Bitch at the 2018 Melbourne International Comedy Festival.

Casey Bennetto
Casey Bennetto is an Australian writer, musician, performer and radio broadcaster.

Bennetto was born in 1969 in Mildura, Victoria, and grew up in Greensborough, Melbourne.

He wrote and composed the musical Keating! for the Melbourne International Comedy Festival which later received the 2007 Helpmann Award for Best Musical as well as Best Original Score for Bennetto.

Casey has been co-host on The Conversation Hour with Jon Faine on ABC Local Radio in Melbourne.  He also co-presents the program Superfluity on community radio station 3RRR.  He was a regular guest on television music quiz Spicks and Specks.

In 2015, Bennetto co-wrote the music to a musical about Berrimah women's prison in the Northern Territory, entitled Prison Songs.

In 2020, Bennetto submitted his song "I AM" to "SBS's Eurovision 2020 - Australia Decides", where it was performed by Geraldine Quinn as a contender to become Australia's Eurovision entry.
Skridulaupen
Skridulaupen is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,962-metre (6,437 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Grotli. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Raudeggi and Kvitlenova to the west, Mårådalsfjellet to the west-southwest, and Sandåtinden to the southwest. The Sandåbreen glacier lies between Skridulaupen and Sandåfjellet. The lake Rauddalsvatnet lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the mountain.

Breheimen
Breheimen is a mountain range in the Innlandet and Vestland counties in Norway. The area lies west of the Jotunheimen mountain range. The mountain range lies to the northwest of the Sognefjellsvegen road, north of the Sognefjorden, south of the Nordfjorden and Norwegian National Road 15, and east of Norwegian National Road 5 and European route E39. The mountain range includes Jostedalsbreen National Park and Breheimen National Park.

The name Breheimen means "home of the glaciers", since it has many glaciers, including Norway's largest glacier, Jostedalsbreen. Other glaciers in the range include Harbardsbreen and Spørteggbreen. Some of the major mountains in the area include Skåla, Lodalskåpa, Høgste Breakulen, Tverrådalskyrkja, Hestbrepiggene, and Brenibba. The region is home to several large lakes such as Austdalsvatnet and Styggevatnet.
Fiona Watt
Fiona Watt, FRS FMedSci (born 28 March 1956) is a British scientist who is internationally known for her contributions to the field of stem cell biology. In the 1980s, when the field was in its infancy, she highlighted key characteristics of stem cells and their environment that laid the foundation for much present day research.

Watt is the Director of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). She previously served as director of the Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine at King's College London, and executive chair of the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) (MRC), becoming the first woman to lead the MRC since its foundation in 1913.

International Society for Stem Cell Research
The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) is an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Evanston, Illinois, United States. The organization's mission is to promote excellence in stem cell science and applications to human health.
1921 SAFL season
The 1921 South Australian Football League season was the 42nd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.

The competition expanded from seven to eight teams with Glenelg being admitted to the seniors after one year in the B Grade (Reserves).

The season opened on Saturday 7 May with the opening fixture between West Adelaide and Glenelg, and concluded on Saturday 8 October with the Grand Final, in which Minor Premiers Port Adelaide went on to record its 9th premiership, defeating Norwood by 8 points.

South Adelaide, Sturt also made the top (final) four teams and participated in the finals series. North Adelaide, West Torrens, West Adelaide, Glenelg all missed the top four. Glenelg finished winless (as they also did in next three seasons 1922–1924) to "win" the wooden spoon in its first season.

Glenelg Football Club
The Glenelg Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers or the Bays, is an Australian rules football team which plays in the South Australian National Football League. Their home ground is Stratarama Stadium (formerly Glenelg Oval), located in the southern coastal suburb of Glenelg East, South Australia.
Ruth Todd (researcher)
Ruth Todd (October 22, 1913 – August 19, 1984) was an American geologist, paleontologist, and a leading figure in the field of foraminiferal research.  She worked for various organizations, such as the U.S. Geological Survey and the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research in Sharon, Massachusetts.: 1

Joseph Augustine Cushman
Joseph Augustine Cushman (January 31, 1881 – April 16, 1949) was an American micropaleontologist and academic. He specialized in the study of marine protozoans (foraminifera) and became the foremost foraminiferologist of the first half of the twentieth century, developing to a "world-famous system of discovering petroleum deposits". He also was a founding father of Kappa Delta Phi fraternity.
Knight Block
The Knight Block is a historic building located on South University Avenue (U.S. Route 189) in downtown Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Knight Block was constructed in 1900, and served as headquarters for Jesse Knight (1845-1921), a local businessman primarily in the mining industry.

It was designated to the National Register of Historic Places in May 1977.

Jesse Knight
Jesse Knight (6 September 1845 – 14 March 1921) was an American mining magnate, one of relatively few Latter-day Saints in 19th century Western America to find major success in the field.

After the death of his father Newel Knight, Jesse's family was poor throughout his youth. As a young man, he worked as a prospector and discovered the Humbug Mine in the Tintic Mining District near Eureka, Utah in 1896. As the Humbug proved profitable, he acquired other mines in the vicinity, including the Uncle Sam, Beck Tunnel, Iron Blossom, and Colorado mines.  After making his fortune, Knight went on to found the Latter Day Saint settlement of Raymond, Alberta, Canada. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.