hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hindgut
The hindgut (or epigaster) is the posterior (caudal) part of the alimentary canal. In mammals, it includes the distal one third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure, the descending colon, sigmoid colon and up to the ano-rectal junction. In zoology, the term hindgut refers also to the cecum and ascending colon.

Descending colon
In the anatomy of humans and homologous primates, the descending colon is the part of the colon extending from the left colic flexure to the level of the iliac crest (whereupon it transitions into the sigmoid colon). The function of the descending colon in the digestive system is to store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum.

The descending colon is on the left side of the body (barring any malformations). The term left colon is hypernymous to descending colon in precise use; many casual mentions of the left colon chiefly concern the descending colon.
2021 Gloucester City Council election
The 2021 Gloucester City Council election took place on 6 May 2021 to elect members of Gloucester City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. There were held elections for all 39 of the City Council’s seats, Quedgeley Town Council and for the Police and Crime Commissioner for Gloucestershire, all of which were postponed from May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections
Elections of police and crime commissioners in England and Wales were held on 6 May 2021, on the same day as the Senedd election in Wales and the local elections in England. This was the third time police and crime commissioner elections have been held (the two previous occasions were in 2012 and 2016). The elections were originally due to take place in May 2020 but were postponed by 12 months in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. Turnout was an average of 34.1% across the elections, with Wales having much higher turnout reportedly due to the simultaneous Senedd election held across Wales, whereas only parts of England had simultaneous local elections.

The criminal justice system and the legal jurisdiction of England and Wales are reserved (non-devolved) matters, which fall under the control of the UK parliament and government at Westminster. The criminal justice systems of Scotland and Northern Ireland are devolved.
Harold Wippler
Harold Wippler (September 19, 1928 – October 8, 2022) was an American violinist and teacher from Denver. Wippler played as concertmaster for the Denver Symphony Orchestra, now the Colorado Symphony Orchestra, with his wife Charleen, whom he married in August 1951. The two often played with the Central City Opera orchestra and spent three years in the early 1950s with the Kansas City Philharmonic, where Harold was also concertmaster. Attending the Curtis Institute of Music after winning the L.A. Concerto Competition, he studied under Efrem Zimbalist.  During his career he collaborated and recorded with noted violinists such as Jascha Heifetz. Wippler taught multiple international competition winners, most notably Eugene Fodor, who was his student from 1958 to 1968.

Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (/ˈhaɪfɪts/; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1901 – December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian violin school in St. Petersburg. Accompanying his parents to escape the violence of the Russian Revolution, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees."

By the age of 18, Heifetz was the highest-paid violinist in the world. He had a long and successful concert career, including wartime service with the United Service Organizations (USO). After an injury to his right (bowing) arm in 1972, he switched his focus to teaching.
Transport in Zagreb
Transport in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, relies on a combination of city-managed mass transit and individual transportation. Mass transit is composed of 19 inner-city tram lines and 120 bus routes, both managed entirely by Zagreb Electric Tram, commonly abbreviated to ZET. Croatian Railways manages the parallel commuter rail system. The city is served by the Franjo Tuđman Airport, which carries more than 3,300,000 passengers per year. Zagreb Airport is connected to the Zagreb Bus Station via Pleso Prijevoz shuttle and to Eugen Kvaternik Square via bus line 290 which connects the aforementioned square with the satellite city of Velika Gorica via the airport. Zagreb has two unimodal long distance terminals, one for railways (Zagreb Glavni kolodvor) and the second one for buses (Zagreb Bus Station), both situated in the city centre.

Medvednica
Medvednica (pronounced [mědʋednitsa], lit. 'Bear mountain') is a mountain in central Croatia, just north of Zagreb, and marking the southern border of the historic region of Zagorje. Most of it is encompassed by the Medvednica Nature Park. The highest peak, at 1,035 m (3,396 ft) is Sljeme. Most of the area of Medvednica is a nature park (park prirode), a type of preservation lesser than a national park. During the Miocene and the Pliocene, the mountain was an island within the Pannonian Sea. Together with the surrounding hills, it is known as Zagrebačka gora or the "Zagreb Mountains", as well as Bistranjska gora, Markuševačka gora, Stubička gora and Vrabečka gora.
Ditsworthy Warren House
Ditsworthy Warren House is a Grade II listed building near Sheepstor in Devon, England.  It is an isolated building on the south-western edge of Dartmoor, and was built for the keeper of the rabbit warren near the house. It was used in 2010 as a filming location for the Steven Spielberg film, War Horse.

Sheepstor
Sheepstor is a village, civil parish and former manor on the western side of Dartmoor in the county of Devon, England. In 2001, its population was 53, down from 95 in 1901. For administrative purposes the parish is grouped with the parishes of Meavy and Walkhampton to form Burrator Parish Council, and for electoral purposes it is grouped with the same two parishes to form Burrator Ward. Burrator Reservoir, constructed in 1898, is to the north of the village and forms part of the northern boundary of the parish.

The name Sheepstor has evolved considerably since the first reference to a settlement here which was recorded in a pipe roll of 1168 as Sitelestorra. In a document of 1262, it was Skytelestor, Shittestorre in 1474, Shistor in 1547 and in c. 1620 Tristram Risdon called it Shetelstor now Shepstor. The name probably derives from the Old English scyttel(s) meaning a bar or bolt, reflecting the shape of the nearby Sheeps Tor.
Mandeni Local Municipality elections
The Mandeni Local Municipality (formerly eNdondakusuka Local Municipality) council consists of thirty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Eighteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in eighteen wards, while the remaining seventeen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of twenty-five seats on the council.

Mandeni Local Municipality
Mandeni Local Municipality (formerly eNdondakusuka Local Municipality) is an administrative area in the iLembe District of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.

Manufacturing, elementary work and plant and machine work are the highest non-farming categories of labour. Mandeni includes substantial areas of commercial agriculture, with the bulk of these areas under sugar-cane. Agriculture is the main employment sector in the area.
Gmina Puławy
Gmina Puławy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Puławy, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 160.81 square kilometres (62.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,172 (11,913 in 2015).

Puławy County
Puławy County (Polish: powiat puławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was first established in 1867, but its current borders were established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Puławy, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin. The county also contains the towns of Nałęczów, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Puławy, and Kazimierz Dolny, 11 km (7 mi) south of Puławy.

The county covers an area of 933 square kilometres (360.2 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 113,441, including 47,634 in Puławy, 3,749 in Nałęczów, 2,563 in Kazimierz Dolny and a rural population of 59,495.
Kameyama-juku
Kameyama-juku (亀山宿, Kameyama-juku) was the forty-sixth of the fifty-three stations (shukuba) of the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It was  located in former Ise Province in what is now the center of the city of Kameyama, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

53 Stations of the Tōkaidō
The 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō (東海道五十三次, Tōkaidō Gojūsan-tsugi) are the rest areas along the Tōkaidō, which was a coastal route that ran from Nihonbashi in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Sanjō Ōhashi in Kyoto.  There were originally 53 government post stations along the Tōkaidō, where travelers had to present traveling permits at each station if wanting to cross.

In 1619, the Ōsaka Kaidō (大阪街道) was developed to extend the Tōkaidō so that it would reach Kōraibashi in modern-day Osaka. Instead of going to Sanjō Ōhashi, travelers would leave from Ōtsu-juku and travel towards Fushimi-juku. Because of the addition of these four post towns, the Tōkaidō is occasionally referred to as having 57 stations. Another name for this extension was Kyōkaidō (京街道).

The inland Nakasendō also started at Nihonbashi, and converged with the Tōkaidō at Kusatsu-juku. Shio no Michi intersected with the Tōkaidō at Okazaki-shuku.
Dameli language
Dameli (دَميلي), also Damia, Damɛ̃ḍī, Dāmia bāṣa or Gidoj, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic subgroup spoken by approximately 5,000 people in the Domel Town, in the Chitral District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

The Domel or Damel Valley is about ten miles south of Drosh on the East Side of the Chitral or Kunar river, on the road from the Mirkhani Fort to the pass of Arandu.

Dameli is still the main language in the villages where it is spoken, and it is regularly learned by children. Most of the men speak Pashto as a second language, and some also speak Khowar and Urdu, but there are no signs of massive language change.

Instrumental case
In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated INS or INSTR) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.
Governmentality
Governmentality is a theory of power developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault, which analyses "governmental" power through both the power states have over the population and the means by which subjects govern themselves.

As a form of power, governmentality differs from state discipline or punishment, which relies upon coercion to force individuals into specific action. Rather, governmentality also comprises the power that individuals have within a population to self-govern, which the state may influence or guide through non-coercive means such as education.

The concept of governmentality has found application and reception in the fields of anthropology, history, law, philosophy, political science, and sociology. Prominent scholars include Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose and Mitchell Dean.

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Juke-Bar
Juke-Bar is a 1989 stop motion musical animated short about cockroaches who party inside a jukebox. The film is directed by Martin Barry and produced in Montreal by the National Film Board of Canada. Juke-Bar received the Genie Award for Best Animated Short at the 11th Genie Awards, along with the Special Jury Award and Public's Award at the Zagreb World Festival of Animated Films, the Silver Hugo in the Animation category at the Chicago International Film Festival and the best short film awards at the Carrousel international du film de Rimouski and Montreal World Film Festival.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian animated short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.
New England Rugby Union
The New England Rugby Union, or NERU, is the governing body for the sport of rugby union within the District of  New England (New South Wales) in Australia. It is a member of the New South Wales Country Rugby Union.

It supports three men's competitions and a women's 10s competition.

New South Wales Country Rugby Union
The New South Wales Country Rugby Union, or NSWCRU, is the governing body for the sport of rugby union within most of New South Wales in Australia.

The NSWCRU is affiliated with the New South Wales Rugby Union and administers game in the majority of non-metropolitan areas of the state. The union is split into nine zones with 100 clubs and over 16,000 players. NSW Country is represented by the New South Wales Country Cockatoos team.
Craig Breedlove
Norman Craig Breedlove Sr. (March 23, 1937 – April 4, 2023) was an American professional race car driver and a five-time world land speed record holder. He was the first person in history to reach 500 mph (800 km/h), and 600 mph (970 km/h), using several turbojet-powered vehicles, all named Spirit of America.

Bonneville Salt Flats
The Bonneville Salt Flats are a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah, United States. A remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of the Great Salt Lake. It is public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and is known for land speed records at the Bonneville Speedway. The Flats are open to the public.

The Flats are about 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, with a crust almost 5 ft (1.5m) thick at the center and less than one inch (2.5 cm) towards the edges. It is estimated to hold 147 million tons of salt, about 90% of which is common table salt.
Plantago raoulii
Plantago raoulii (also known as kopakopa or tūkōrehu in te reo Māori) is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Decaisne described P. raoulii in 1852. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, usually 5 seeds in a specific arrangement in each capsule, and bracts with mostly glabrous edges. It is listed as Not Threatened.

Plantago
Plantago is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, commonly called plantains or fleaworts. The common name plantain is shared with the unrelated cooking plantain. Most are herbaceous plants, though a few are subshrubs growing to 60 centimetres (24 inches) tall.
1989 London Marathon
The 1989 London Marathon was the ninth running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on Sunday, 23 April. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Douglas Wakiihuri in a time of 2:09:03 hours and the women's race was won by home athlete Véronique Marot in 2:25:56. Marot's time was a British national record, which stood for 13 years before Paula Radcliffe improved it with a world record at the 2002 London Marathon.

In the wheelchair races, British athletes David Holding (1:59:31) and Josie Cichockyj (3:03:54) won the men's and women's divisions, respectively. This was the first time an athlete completed the wheelchair marathon in under two hours.

Around 72,000 people applied to enter the race, of which 31,772 had their applications accepted and 24,452 started the race. A total of 22,701 runners finished the race.

2002 London Marathon
The 2002 London Marathon was the 22nd running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on Sunday, 14 April. The elite men's race was won by Khalid Khannouchi of the United States in a time of 2:05:38 hours and the women's race was won by home athlete Paula Radcliffe in 2:18:56. Khannouchi's time was a marathon world record, improving on his own record by four seconds. Radcliffe was also close to a world record, just nine seconds off the time set by Catherine Ndereba the previous year.

In the wheelchair races, Britain's David Weir (1:39:44) and Britain's Tanni Grey-Thompson (2:22:51) won the men's and women's divisions, respectively – with Grey-Thompson winning for the sixth time.

Around 99,000 people applied to enter the race, of which 46,083 had their applications accepted and 33,297 started the race. A total of 32,536 runners finished the race, comprising 24,768 men and 7768 women.
Defense Acquisition Program Administration
The Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA, Korean: 방위사업청) is a central administrative agency of the South Korean Ministry of National Defense. It was founded on 1 January 2006 as part of a comprehensive reform of defense acquisition, including the introduction and development of military equipment. The DAPA has exclusive authority to plan and budget defense development and procurement programs for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and to enact Korean Defense Specifications (KDS). Sub-agencies of DAPA include the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) responsible for defense development and Defense Agency for Technology and Quality (DTaQ) responsible for defense improvement programs and defense quality certification tests.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
Sickofancy
"Sickofancy" is the third episode of the twenty-seventh season of the American animated television series South Park and the 331st episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central on August 20, 2025. The episode focuses on Randy Marsh and Towelie attempting to save Tegridy Farms through technological rebranding, and parodies the tech industry's use of ketamine.

South Park season 27
The twenty-seventh season of the American animated sitcom South Park premiered on Comedy Central on July 23, 2025. On July 21, 2025, it was announced that Trey Parker and Matt Stone had agreed to a new five-year deal with Paramount+ for the streaming rights, and for 10 episodes to be produced yearly. The season concluded on September 24, 2025, and season 28 began airing the following month, continuing season 27's story arc.
Offscreen
The terms off-screen, off-camera, and off-stage refer to fictional events in theatre, television, or film which are not seen on stage or in frame, but are merely heard by the audience, or described (or implied) by the characters or narrator. Off-screen action often leaves much to the audience's imagination. As a narrative mode and stylistic device, it may be used for a number of dramatic effects. It may also be used to save time in storytelling, to circumvent technical or financial constraints of a production, or to meet content rating standards.

Film frame
In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture. The term is derived from the historical development of film stock, in which the sequentially recorded single images look like a framed picture when examined individually.

The term may also be used more generally as a noun or verb to refer to the edges of the image as seen in a camera viewfinder or projected on a screen. Thus, the camera operator can be said to keep a car in frame by panning with it as it speeds past.
Lu Jianying
Lu Jianying (Chinese: 陸建瀛; 1776 – 19 March 1853) was the Viceroy of Liangjiang from early 1849 until early 1853. When the Taiping Rebellion army occupied Nanjing on 19 March, Lu Jianying was killed by the Taiping. Lu was the second to be killed (the first was the Viceroy of Huguang in early 1853) and a few of the highest rank governors killed in action in the Qing dynasty. When Beijing knew of Lu's death and the loss of Nanjing, they chose to impeach Lu in order to place the blame on him, saying he was incapable of commanding the battle.

Viceroy of Liangjiang
The Viceroy of Liangjiang, fully named in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Two River Provinces and Other Local Admirals, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages, Management of Rivers, and Administration on Nanhe Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Liangjiang had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Jiangnan Province (approx. nowadays Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai) and then Jiangxi Province (approx. nowadays Jiangxi). The position was set up in 1647 and abolished in 1912.
2014 Latrobe City Traralgon ATP Challenger 1
The 2014 Latrobe City Traralgon ATP Challenger 1 was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard court. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Traralgon, Australia between 27 October – 2 November 2014. It was the first of two Traralgon Challengers in 2014.

Traralgon International
The Traralgon International (formerly known as Traralgon Challenger) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It is held annually in Traralgon, Victoria in Australia since 2006.

From 2006 to 2012, the tournament was held as an ITF women's event. From 2013 to 2019 the tournament was held as an ATP Challenger event. In 2022, the tournament held both women's and men's events.

The 2014 Traralgon hosted two Challenger events, back to back from October 27 to November 9.