hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Big Ten Conference football season
The 2021 Big Ten conference football season was the 126th season of college football play for the Big Ten Conference and part of the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. This was the Big Ten's eighth season with 14 teams. The league's champion was Michigan.

With a win on November 26 over Nebraska, and a loss by Wisconsin on November 27, Iowa won the Big Ten West division. With a win over Ohio State on November 27 Michigan clinched a share of the Big Ten East division championship and a spot in the Big Ten Championship game against Iowa on December 4 at Lucas Oil Stadium.

Nine Big Ten teams were bowl-eligible at the completion of the regular season: Iowa, Maryland, Michigan (CFP), Michigan State, Minnesota, Ohio State, Penn State, Purdue, and Wisconsin. A tenth, Rutgers, was added by NCAA contingency plans on December 23 as Texas A&M withdrew from the Gator Bowl, and with no bowl eligible teams available, the NCAA chose their replacement using Academic Progress Rate regulations.

Academic Progress Rate
The Academic Progress Rate (APR) is a measure introduced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the nonprofit association that organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, to track student-athletes' chances of graduation. The Academic Progress Rate (APR) is a term-by-term measure of eligibility and retention for Division I student-athletes that was developed as an early indicator of eventual graduation rates.

It was introduced in the wake of concerns that the majority of athletes were not graduating with qualifications to prepare them for life.
Ahmad Zia Massoud
Ahmad Zia Massoud (born 1 May 1956) is an Afghan politician who served as the first vice president of Afghanistan in the first elected administration of President Hamid Karzai, from December 2004 to November 2009.

He is a younger brother of the late Ahmad Shah Massoud, the resistance leader against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and against the Taliban. In late 2011, Ahmad Zia Massoud joined hands with major leaders in the National Front of Afghanistan, which strongly opposed a return of the Taliban to power. The National Front was generally regarded as a reformation of the United Front (Northern Alliance) which with U.S. air support temporarily removed the Taliban from power in late 2001.

Vice President of Afghanistan
The vice president of Afghanistan was the second highest political position attainable in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The vice presidents were elected on the same ticket as the president. A presidential candidate was responsible for nominating two candidates for vice president before the election.

Although Sardar Mohammad Dawood Khan was the founder of the Republic in Afghanistan and the first president of Afghanistan; however, the position of Vice president was, for the first time, created in Afghanistan by King Amanullah Khan when he declared a constitutional monarchy in 1926 and established the position of "Yawar" (later " Deputy") and appointed Mahmoud Khan Shaghasi as the "First Deputy Assistant" (later "Vice president") as the first appointee of this position.
Gerry Phillips
Gerry Phillips (born September 11, 1940) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who represented the eastern Toronto riding of Scarborough—Agincourt from 1987 to 2011. He served as a cabinet minister in the governments of David Peterson and Dalton McGuinty.

1995 Ontario general election
General elections were held on June 8, 1995, to elect members of the 36th Legislative Assembly of the province of Ontario, Canada. The writs for the election were drawn up on April 28, 1995.

The governing New Democratic Party, led by Premier Bob Rae, was defeated by voters, who were angry with the actions of the Rae government, such as its unpopular hiring quotas and the Social Contract legislation in 1993. These policies caused the NDP to lose much of its base in organized labour, further reducing support for the party. At the 1993 federal election, the NDP tumbled to less than seven percent support, and lost all 11 of its federal seats in Ontario. By the time the writs were drawn up for the 1995 provincial election, it was obvious that the NDP would not be reelected.
États d'Amour (song)
"États d'Amour" is a song performed by French-Israeli singer Amir Haddad. The song was released as a digital download on 25 August 2017 by Warner Music Group as the lead single from his upcoming third studio album Addictions (2017). The song was written by Amir Haddad, Renaud Rebillaud and Nazim Khaled. The song has peaked at number 15 on the French Singles Chart, and also charted in Belgium.

Amir Haddad
Laurent Amir Khlifa Khedider Haddad (Hebrew: לורן עמיר חליפה חדידר חדד; born 20 June 1984), better known as Amir Haddad (Hebrew: עמיר חדד) or simply as Amir, is a French-Israeli singer-songwriter and actor. He took part in 2006 in the Israeli music competition Kokhav Nolad, released his album Vayehi in 2011 and was a finalist in French competition The Voice: la plus belle voix as part of Team Jenifer finishing third in the competition. He represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "J'ai cherché", which finished in sixth place.
Grand Tour of Switzerland
The Grand Tour of Switzerland is a 1,643 km (1021 mile) tourist circuit in Switzerland, devised by Switzerland Tourism and The Grand Tour of Switzerland Association in 2015. Split into 8 stages, the circuit traverses through 13 UNESCO World Heritage sights, 5 Alpine passes, and 22 lakes. A key component of the circuit are the 83 photo boards across the route, showcasing various views, from mountain passes to cityscapes.

Along with the car and motorcycle-themed tour, Switzerland Tourism operates a Grand Train Tour of Switzerland.The tour, which can be done all year round, is around 1,285 kilometres (798 mi) long. The Grand Train Tour includes journeys on Switzerland’s most famous panoramic trains, like the Bernina Express, the Glacier Express and the GoldenPass Line.

Scenic route
A scenic route, tourist road, tourist drive, scenic byway, or holiday road is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty. It often passes by scenic viewpoints. The designation is usually determined by a governmental body, such as a Department of Transportation or a Ministry of Transport.
Tadaatsu Ishiguro
Tadaatsu Ishiguro (石黒 忠篤, Ishiguro Tadaatsu; 9 January 1884 – 10 March 1960) was a bureaucrat, politician, and cabinet minister in the government of the pre-war Empire of Japan, as well as in post-war Japan.

Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce
The  Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce or Trade (農商務省, Nō-shōmu-shō) was a cabinet-level ministry in the government of the Empire of Japan from 1881 to 1925. It was briefly recreated as the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce  (農商省, Nōshō-shō) during World War II.
Obergoms
Obergoms is the upper part of the Goms and a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2009 when the three municipalities Ulrichen, Obergesteln and Oberwald merged.

Goms District
Goms (French: District de Conches) is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It covers a larger area than its geographical counterpart, the geographical region of Goms, namely the upper most part of the Rhône valley between its source and Brig. It has a population of 4,377 (as of 31 December 2020).
Georg von Peuerbach
Georg von Peuerbach (also Purbach, Peurbach; Latin: Purbachius; 30 May 1423 – 8 April 1461) was an Austrian astronomer, poet, mathematician and instrument maker, best known for his streamlined presentation of Ptolemaic astronomy in the Theoricae Novae Planetarum. Peuerbach was instrumental in making astronomy, mathematics and literature simple and accessible for Europeans during the Renaissance and beyond.

Almagest
The Almagest (/ˈælmədʒɛst/ AL-mə-jest) is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy (c. AD 100 – c. 170) in Koine Greek. One of the most influential scientific texts in history, it canonized a geocentric model of the Universe that was accepted for more than 1,200 years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus. It is also a key source of information about ancient Greek astronomy.

Ptolemy set up a public inscription at Canopus, Egypt, in 147 or 148. Norman T. Hamilton found that the version of Ptolemy's models set out in the Canopic Inscription was earlier than the version in the Almagest. Hence the Almagest could not have been completed before about 150, a quarter-century after Ptolemy began observing.
Missouri Route 102
Route 102 is a highway in southeastern Missouri. The route starts at Route 105 near East Prairie. It travels southeastwards through farmland to Big Oak Tree State Park. The road then turns east past the entrance to the park, and ends at its eastern terminus at Route 77 in Dorena. The route was designated in 1940, as a road from the state park to a supplemental route. Route 102 replaced a large section of the supplemental route in 1961, and then was extended eastwards to a new terminus at Route 77 in 1994.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup squads
This article lists the confirmed squads for the 2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup tournament held in Lucknow, India between 8 and 18 December 2016. The eight national teams were required to register a playing squad of eighteen players.

2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup was the 11th edition of the Hockey Junior World Cup for men, an international field hockey tournament. It was held in Lucknow, India from 8–18 December 2016. A total of sixteen teams competed for the title.

Host nation India won the tournament for the second time after defeating Belgium 2–1 in the final. Germany won the third-place match by defeating Australia 3–0.
Puritan Bennett
Puritan Bennett has been a provider of respiratory products since 1913 originally as a medical gas supplier. In addition to critical care ventilation, Puritan Bennett provided medical devices for patients outside of the acute care environment. Its products included portable ventilation, oxygen therapy systems, sleep diagnostic and sleep therapy equipment, spirometry and other respiratory care products.

Covidien
Covidien plc was an Irish-headquartered global health care products company and manufacturer of medical devices and supplies. Covidien became an independent publicly traded company after being spun off from Tyco International in 2007. It was purchased by Medtronic in a transaction that closed in 2015. The now-merged company is headquartered in Ireland, where Covidien was based.
2025–26 PlusLiga
The 2025–26 PlusLiga is the 90th season of the Polish Volleyball Championship, the 73rd season of the highest tier domestic division in the Polish volleyball league system since its establishment in 1954, and the 26th season as a professional league. The league is operated by the Polish Volleyball League SA (Polish: Polska Liga Siatkówki SA).

This season is composed of 14 teams. The regular season is played as a round-robin tournament. Each team plays a total of 26 matches, half at home and half away. The season started on 20 October 2025 and will conclude in May 2026.

PlusLiga
The PlusLiga is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition featuring volleyball clubs located in this country. It is overseen by Polska Liga Siatkówki SA (PLS SA). It is currently a 14 teams league from October to April/May. The regular season is followed by playoffs, with the winner earning the Polish Championship (Polish: Mistrzostwo Polski). It is one of the best volleyball leagues in Europe, being highly ranked in the international competitions.

The league in its current form was founded in 2000 and was originally known as Polska Liga Siatkówki (Polish Volleyball League). Since 2008 it is named PlusLiga after a mobile phone network brand, Plus.
Al-Hamraa
Al-Hamraa (Arabic: الحمراء, also spelled al-Hamra) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northeast of Hama. Nearby localities include Jubb al-Othman to the northeast, Abu al-Thuhur to the north, Fan al-Shamali to the west, Maar Shahhur to the southwest, Salamiyah to the south and Sabburah to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Hamraa had a population of 1,783 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative centre and second-largest locality of the al-Hamraa nahiyah ("subdistrict"), which consisted of 44 localities with a collective population of 32,604 in 2004.

In 1838 al-Hamraa was classified as a khirba ("temporal village") in the District of Salamiyah. It is situated near the Qasr ibn Wardan palace.

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Mitchell Lewis (actor)
Mitchell Lewis (June 26, 1880 – August 24, 1956) was an American film actor whose career as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player encompassed both silent and sound films.

Born in 1880, Lewis appeared in more than 175 films between 1914 and 1956, although many of the roles in his later films were uncredited. He played supporting roles, such as Sheihk Ilderim in 1925's Ben Hur in the silent era and Ernest Defarge in A Tale of Two Cities (1935) in the sound era, but his career would diminish to small uncredited roles like the Captain of the Winkie Guards in The Wizard of Oz (1939). His last film was The Fastest Gun Alive, starring Glenn Ford and Broderick Crawford, which was released shortly before Lewis' death in 1956. Mitchell also served as one of the original board members of the Motion Picture Relief Fund, now known as the Motion Picture & Television Fund.

Broderick Crawford
William Broderick Crawford (December 9, 1911 – April 26, 1986) was an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Willie Stark in the film All the King's Men (1949), which earned him an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Often cast in tough-guy or slob roles, he later achieved recognition for his starring role as Dan Mathews in the crime television series Highway Patrol (1955–1959).
Born in the Echoes
Born in the Echoes is the eighth studio album by English electronic music duo the Chemical Brothers, released on 17 July 2015 by Virgin EMI Records in the United Kingdom and Astralwerks in the United States. It was their first studio album since 2010's Further. The album debuted at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, marking the duo's sixth chart topper and making them the dance act with the most number-one albums ever in the UK.

The fourth track on the album, "EML Ritual" featured on the O2 "Priority Tickets – Follow the Rabbit" television commercial released in February 2018.

Further (The Chemical Brothers album)
Further is the seventh studio album by the Chemical Brothers, released on 14 June 2010. The album title and release date were announced on the band's official website on 30 March 2010. All 8 tracks from the album are accompanied by corresponding films, made specifically to match them, by Adam Smith and Marcus Lyall. The main character of the films is portrayed by actress Romola Garai. The woman on the album cover is aquatic athlete Jenny Miller (née Godding), who also body doubled for the underwater portions of the music videos.
HM Prison Northumberland
HM Prison Northumberland is a Category C men's prison, located in Morpeth near the village of Acklington in Northumberland, England. Since 2013 Northumberland has been operated by private prison firm Sodexo Justice Services under contract with His Majesty's Prison Service.
Healthcare services are provided by Spectrum Community Health CIC.

Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, prisoners are divided into four categories of security. Each adult is assigned to a category according to their crime, sentence, the risk of escape, and violent tendencies. The categories are designated with the letters A to D, with A being the highest level of security, and D the lowest.

There are three different prison services in the United Kingdom, and separate services for the three Crown Dependencies, i.e., the Channel Islands jointly and the Isle of Man. His Majesty's Prison Service manages prisons in England and Wales, and also serves as the National Offender Management Service for England and Wales. Prisons in Scotland are managed by the Scottish Prison Service and prisons in Northern Ireland are managed by the Northern Ireland Prison Service.
Isle of Wight Festival 2019
The Isle of Wight Festival 2019 was the eighteenth edition of the revived Isle of Wight Festival, which took place at Seaclose Park in Newport, on the Isle of Wight. It was held on 13 to 16 June 2019. Tickets were released on Friday January 25, 2019 at 9 am.

Isle of Wight Festival
The Isle of Wight Festival is a British music festival which takes place annually in Newport on the Isle of Wight, England. It was originally a counterculture event held from 1968 to 1970.

The 1970 event was by far the largest of these early festivals and the unexpectedly high attendance levels led, in 1971, to Parliament adding a section to the Isle of Wight County Council Act 1971 preventing overnight open-air gatherings of more than 5,000 people on the island without a special licence from the council. The event was revived in 2002 with Rock Island 2002, and has since been held annually, except for 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Derekh Eretz Zutta
Derekh Eretz Zutta  (Hebrew: מסכת דרך ארץ זוטא) is one of the minor tractates of the Talmud.

"The Way of the Land", or "Ethics" are common translations of the Hebrew concept of "Derekh Eretz", which every scholar is expected to embody prior to taking up the study of Torah. Thus this "little book on ethics". The name is misleading in more than one respect; the word "zuta" (small) would seem to indicate that it is a shorter version of the treatise "Derekh Eretz Rabbah," which is not the case, the two having little in common.  However, this name is ancient: Rashi and the Tosafists called the treatise both "Masekhet Derekh Eretz" and "Hilkot Derekh Eretz", the latter following b. Berakhot 22a. The designation "zuta" is probably of later origin.

Solomon Schechter
Solomon Schechter (Hebrew: שניאור זלמן הכהן שכטר‎; 7 December 1847 – 19 November 1915) was a Moldavian-born British-American rabbi, academic scholar and educator, most famous for his roles as founder and president of the United Synagogue of America, president of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and architect of American Conservative Judaism. He is an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history, particularly his study of the Cairo Geniza.
Ken Short
Kenneth Herbert Short AO (6 July 1927 – 19 October 2014) was an Anglican bishop in Australia. He was the Bishop of Wollongong and then Bishop of Parramatta and Bishop to the Australian Defence Force. He was appointed dean of St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney in 1989. He was a missionary, pastor and military chaplain.

Anglican Bishop to the Australian Defence Force
The Bishop to the Australian Defence Force is the chair of the Defence Force Board of the Anglican Church of Australia. The Board assists the Church in relation to all matters concerned with its ministrations among men and women of the Australian Defence Force and the families of those men and women.
2005 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2005 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 119th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament, since its establishment in 1887. The draw for the provincial fixtures took place on 17 October 2004. The championship began on 15 May 2005 and ended on 11 September 2005.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions.

On 11 September 2005, Cork won the championship after a 1–21 to 1–16 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. This was their 30th All-Ireland title overall and their second title in succession.

Galway's Ger Farragher was the championship's top scorer with 3–57.

2004 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2004 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 118th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Kilkenny 0–17 to 0–9 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.
Count Manfred von Clary-Aldringen
Count Manfred von Clary-Aldringen (30 May 1852 Palais Mollard-Clary, Vienna – 12 February 1928 Castle Herrnau, Salzburg) was an Austro-Hungarian nobleman and statesman. He served as the 16th Minister-President of Cisleithania (therefore the 28th Minister-President of Austria overall).

Palais Mollard-Clary
Palais Mollard-Clary is a Baroque palace in Vienna, Austria. It is located in the first district Innere Stadt, at Herrengasse 9.

It was built from 1686 to 1689 for Imperial Count Franz Maximilian von Mollard (1621-1690). In 1760, it was bought by Count Franz Wenzel von Clary und Aldringen. Emperor Joseph II held his famous "round tables" here. Since 2005 it has been used by the Austrian National Library and houses the Globe Museum, the Department of Music and the Department of Planned Languages and Esperanto Museum.
Graffiti Blasters
Graffiti Blasters is a program to eliminate graffiti, street art and gang-related vandalism in Chicago, Illinois. The program is structured as a privately owned business based in the city government. It uses soluble abrasives (baking soda combined with high pressure water) and paints matching the city's official color scheme to erase all varieties of graffiti.

Sticker art
Sticker art (also known as slaps in a graffiti context) is a form of street art in which an image or message is publicly displayed using stickers. These stickers may promote a political agenda, comment on a policy or issue, or comprise a subcategory of graffiti.

Sticker artists use various types of stickers, from eggshell stickers to free paper stickers, such as the United States Postal Service's Label 228 or name tags. Part of their popularity in street art comes from being a faster, and therefore safer, option in illegal graffiti.