hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indian natural history
Natural history in the Indian subcontinent has a long heritage with a recorded history going back to the Vedic era. Natural history research in early times included the broad fields of palaeontology, zoology and botany. These studies would today be considered under field of ecology but in former times, such research was undertaken mainly by amateurs, often physicians, civil servants and army officers.

Although the growth of modern natural history in India can be attributed to British colonialism and the growth of natural history in Britain, there is considerable evidence to suggest that India with its diverse landscapes, fauna and flora along with other tropical colonies helped in creating an increased interest in natural history in Britain and elsewhere in the world. Natural history in India was also enriched by older traditions of conservation, folklore, nature study and the arts.

Johann Gerhard König
Johann Gerhard König (29 November 1728 – 26 June 1785) was a Baltic German botanist and physician who served in the Tranquebar Mission, India before joining service under the Nawab of Arcot, and then the English East India Company. He collected natural history specimens including plants, particularly those of medical interest, from the region and several species are named after him including the curry tree (Murraya koenigii).
Oceanside, British Columbia
Oceanside is a name adopted for a group of communities on the eastern coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Regional District of Nanaimo and includes the City of Parksville and the Town of Qualicum Beach as well as the unincorporated communities of Nanoose Bay, Coombs, Errington, French Creek, Bowser, Deep Bay, Qualicum Bay and a few other smaller centres.  The area is promoted by Parksville Qualicum Beach Tourism Association.

Deep Bay, British Columbia
Deep Bay is an unincorporated area on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada across Baynes Sound from Denman Island which has a government marina in a naturally protected harbour.  It is situated on Highway 19A north of Qualicum Beach between Fanny Bay and Bowser.

The June 23, 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake shocked the Strait of Georgia region, causing the bottom of Deep Bay to sink between 2.7 m (9 ft) and 25.6 m (84 ft).

Deep Bay is the home of the Deep Bay Marine Field Station.

The Island Rail Corridor passes through the area, although there is no longer a train service in operation.
Beer in Norway
Beer in Norway has a long history, stretching back more than a millennium. Until some 200 years ago, most farms where it was possible to grow grain south of the Arctic Circle brewed their own beer. From the early 20th century brewing was industrialized and home brewing was restricted. Significant consolidation in the brewing sector reduced the number of major breweries to just a handful. With the exception of the farmhouse ales, most beer styles brewed in Norway trace their ancestry to central Europe.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Mallow (UK Parliament constituency)
Mallow was a United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland, returning one MP. It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801. The constituency lasted until 1885 when it was absorbed into the North East Cork constituency.

Prior to the Union, the Mallow constituency had been represented in the Parliament of Ireland.

North East Cork (UK Parliament constituency)
North East Cork, a division of County Cork, was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. From 1885 to 1922 it returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Until the 1885 general election the area was part of the County Cork constituency. From 1922, on the establishment of the Irish Free State, it was not represented in the UK Parliament.
Al-Hussein SC (Irbid)
Al-Hussein Sport Club (Arabic: نادي الحسين الرياضي) is a professional football club based in Irbid which competes in the Jordanian Pro League.

The club achieved two Jordanian Pro League titles in the 2023–24 and 2024–25 season, in addition to achieving 3 Jordan FA Shield titles, and 3 Jordan Super Cup.

2005 AFC Cup
The 2005 AFC Cup was the second edition of the AFC Cup, played amongst clubs from nations of the AFC, who are considered to be 'developing countries' as per the 'Vision Asia' members paper of AFC President Mohamed Bin Hammam.

Al-Faisaly won the AFC Cup for the first time, beating Nejmeh 4–2 on aggregate in the final.

Al-Jaish were the defending champions but were unable to defend their title as Syria was promoted to a 'mature' status by the AFC, meaning its clubs would now compete in the AFC Champions League instead.
JWH-373
JWH-373 ([5-(2-butylphenyl)-1-pentylpyrrol-3-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone) is a synthetic cannabinoid from the naphthoylpyrrole family which acts as an agonist of the CB1 (Ki = 60 ± 3nM) and CB2 (Ki = 69 ± 2nM) receptors, with a slight selectivity for the former. JWH-373 was first synthesized in 2006 by John W. Huffman and colleagues to examine the nature of ligand binding to the CB1 receptor.

John W. Huffman
John William Huffman (July 21, 1932 – May 14, 2022) was a professor of organic chemistry at Clemson University who first synthesised novel cannabinoids. His research, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, was focused on making a drug to target endocannabinoid receptors in the body.
Saroj Kumar Yadav cabinet
The Yadav cabinet is the Council of Ministers headed by Saroj Kumar Yadav in Madhesh Province, Nepal. Saroj Kumar Yadav from People's Socialist Party, Nepal was sworn in the Chief Ministers of Madhesh Province in January 2023.  Present arrangement of cabinet is the result of power sharing agreement between Nepali Congress and People's Socialist Party, Nepal.

This is a brief list of minister is as given below.

People's Socialist Party, Nepal (2020)
The People's Socialist Party, Nepal (abbr. PSP-N; Nepali: जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल), also known as Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal  is the seventh largest political party in Nepal. Since the 2022 local election, the party had been limited to stand only as the third largest party of Madhesh Province after the Nepali Congress and CPN (UML) respectively.

With 9 out of 275 seats in the lower house and 3 out of 59 seats in the upper house National Assembly, the party is the seventh largest political party in the Federal Parliament. While Mahantha Thakur serves as patron of the party, Upendra Yadav serves as the party chairman.
Ab-i Istada
Ab-i Istada ("standing water") is an endorheic salt lake in the Nawa District of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan. It lies in a large depression created by the Chaman Fault system in the southern foothills of the Hindu Kush, 125 km (78 mi) west of Ghazni.

Greater flamingo
The greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) is the most widespread and largest species of the flamingo family. Common in the Old World, they are found in Northern (coastal) and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent (south of the Himalayas), the Middle East, the Levant, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, and the Mediterranean countries of Southern Europe.
Miss Universe Malaysia 1967
Miss Malaysia 1967, the 4th edition of the Miss Universe Malaysia, was held on 2 July 1967 at the Asrama Perak, Tambun, Ipoh, Perak. Monkam Siprasome (also known as Anne Low) of Kedah was crowned by the consort of the Sultan of Perak, Che Puan Negara Raja Muzwin Raja Arif Shah at the end of the event. She then represented Malaysia at the Miss Universe 1967 pageant in Miami, Florida.

Miss Universe 1967
Miss Universe 1967 was the 16th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, the United States, on 15 July 1967.

At the conclusion of the event, Margareta Arvidsson of Sweden crowned Sylvia Hitchcock of the United States as Miss Universe 1967. It is the fourth victory of the United States in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from fifty-six countries and territories competed in this edition. The pageant was hosted by Bob Barker, while June Lockhart provided commentary throughout the competition. French-American singer Jean-Paul Vignon performed in this year's pageant.
2006 IPC Cycling World Championships
The 2006 IPC Cycling World Championships were the 2nd World Championships for track and road cycling for athletes with a physical disability. The Championships took place in Aigle, Switzerland from 11 to 18 September 2006, with track events on the first three days of competition, time trials on days 4 and 5, and road races on days 6 and 7.

Organised by the International Paralympic Committee, the event was the forerunner of the UCI organized Para-cycling Track and Road Championships, and the last to be organized by IPC Cycling; UCI took over the running of the event in 2007.

24 events were held on the track, while 34 events were held on the road.

Aigle
Aigle (French for "eagle", pronounced [ɛɡl]; Arpitan: Âgllo) is a historic town and a municipality and the capital of the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The official language of Aigle is Swiss French.
Siegfried Reiprich
Siegfried Reiprich (born 15 February 1955 in Jena) is a German human rights activist and author. He was involved in the resistance against the communist regime of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which led to him being expelled from university and eventually banished from the GDR. In 2009, he was appointed by the Government of Saxony as the Director of the Stiftung Sächsische Gedenkstätten. In 2011, he was elected as a member of the Executive Board of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience.

In 1981, he was forced to leave East Germany and settled in West Berlin. He became active in the peace movement in West Germany and joined the SPD in 1983. In 1992, he left the SPD, and in 1998, he joined the CDU along with several other former human rights activists from East Germany.

Ehrhart Neubert
Ehrhart Neubert (2 August 1940 – 17 November 2024) was a German evangelical minister and theologian.

During its final decade he emerged as an opponent of the East German one-party dictatorship, becoming a member of the League of Evangelical Churches in the German Democratic Republic (Bund der Evangelischen Kirchen in der DDR/BEK). Since the collapse of the East German political regime in 1989/90 he has participated prominently on committees and as an author seeking to understand and evaluate it.
ISSEA
ISSEA is a group of unaccredited for-profit diploma mills owned by Massimo Silvestri, which use many invented names and originated from the now defunct Politecnico di studi aziendali di Lugano Unipsa (Polytechnic University of Business Studies). The goal of the organization is to sell unaccredited Italian online degrees; however, since unaccredited degrees are illegal in Italy, the sole trader usually operates from bordering Italian-speaking areas of Switzerland.

Due to court orders, some of ISSEA's websites may now be offline, permanently or temporarily.

Post office box
A post office box (commonly abbreviated as P.O. box, or also known as a postal box) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office.

In some regions, particularly in Africa, there is no door-to-door delivery of mail; for example, in Kenya. Consequently, renting a PO box has traditionally been the only way to receive mail in such countries.

Generally, post office boxes are rented from the post office either by individuals or by businesses on a basis ranging from monthly to annual, and the cost of rent varies depending on the box size. Central business district (CBD) PO boxes are usually more expensive than rural PO boxes.
Incidents during the Hajj
There have been numerous incidents during the Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage to the cities of Mecca and Medina, that have caused loss of life. Every follower of Islam is required to perform the Hajj in Mecca at least once in their lifetime, if able to do so; according to Islam, the pilgrimage is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. During the month of the Hajj, Mecca must cope with as many as three million pilgrims.

Plane travel makes Mecca and the Hajj more accessible to pilgrims from all over the world. As a consequence, the Hajj has become increasingly crowded. City officials are required to control large crowds and provide food, shelter, sanitation, and emergency services for millions. Despite these efforts, incidents have still occurred.

Qarmatians
The Qarmatians were an Isma'ili Shia militant movement led by an Arabized dynasty of Persian descent, centred in Al-Ahsa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adhered to a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam, and were ruled by a dynasty founded by Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi. They rejected the claim of Fatimid Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah to imamate and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi, and they revolted against the Fatimid and Abbasid Caliphates.

Mecca was sacked by a Qarmatian leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, outraging the Muslim world, particularly with their theft of the Black Stone and desecration of the Zamzam Well with corpses during the Hajj season of 930 CE.
First Army (Home Forces)
First Army was a home service formation of the British Army during the First World War.

First Army was formed on 5 August 1914 under the command of Central Force. It was based at Bedford and Sir Bruce Hamilton was the Army Commander. Units attached to the Army were the Highland Division and the Highland Mounted Brigade.

First Army kept its name even after the establishment of a First Army in the British Expeditionary Force in December 1914. It was disbanded on 12 March 1916 and reformed as Northern Army.

Northern Army (Home Forces)
Northern Army was a home service formation of the British Army during the First World War, responsible for the defence of East Anglia.

It was formed on 11 April 1916 under the command of Sir Bruce Hamilton, with headquarters at Mundford. The Army was composed of 1st Cyclist Division, 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division, 64th (2nd Highland) Division and four provisional brigades (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th), with 68th (2nd Welsh) Division attached for training purposes. The Army was disbanded on 16 February 1918.
Faulvatnet
Faulvatnet (Norwegian) or Låddejávrre (Lule Sami) is a lake that lies in Sørfold Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 7.24-square-kilometre (2.80 sq mi) lake is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the village of Straumen, just west of Rago National Park. The water flows out into the Sleipdalselva river and the water is used for power generation at the Lakshola hydroelectric power station.

Straumen, Nordland
Straumen is the administrative centre of Sørfold Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Sørfolda fjord, along the European route E06 highway. The lake Straumvatnet lies on the southeastern side of the village, and the town of Fauske lies about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the southwest.

The 1.08-square-kilometre (270-acre) village has a population (2023) of 844 and a population density of 781 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,020/sq mi).
Pope Palace
Pope Palace (Latvian: Popes muižas pils) is a palace in Pope parish, an administrative unit of the Ventspils municipality in the historical region of Courland, in western Latvia. It was originally built in 1653 for the von Behr family, but was extensively remodeled in 1720 and 1840. Since 1920 the building has housed the Pope primary school.

Ventspils Municipality
Ventspils Municipality (Latvian: Ventspils novads; Livonian: Vǟnta mōgõn) is a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Piltene town, Ance Parish, Jūrkalne Parish, Piltene rural community (from 2010 Piltene Parish), Pope Parish, Puze Parish, Tārgale Parish, Ugāle Parish, Usma Parish, Užava Parish, Vārve Parish, Ziras Parish and Zlēkas Parish. It is administered from Ventspils city, which is not included within its limits. The population in 2023 was 10,512.
16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione
16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione (16α-OH-A4), also known as 16α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous and naturally occurring steroid and metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of estriol during pregnancy. It is produced from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is converted into 16α-hydroxy-DHEA sulfate, then desulfated and aromatized into 16α-hydroxyestrone, and finally converted into estriol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor. It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans. DHEA is produced in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain. It functions as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the androgen and estrogen sex steroids both in the gonads and in various other tissues. However, DHEA also has a variety of potential biological effects in its own right, binding to an array of nuclear and cell surface receptors, and acting as a neurosteroid and modulator of neurotrophic factor receptors.

In the United States, DHEA is sold as an over-the-counter supplement, and medication called prasterone.
Television House (Oslo)
The Television House (Norwegian: Fjernsynshuset) is one of the main buildings at NRK headquarters at Marienlyst in Oslo. The other main building is the Broadcasting House.

The building was designed by Nils Holter and Jan Bauck and opened in 1969.

News productions at the Television House include content for Dagsrevyen (TV), Dagsnytt (radio), NRK Nyheter (radio), and online news services.

59°56′09″N 10°43′12″E﻿ / ﻿59.9358°N 10.7201°E﻿ / 59.9358; 10.7201

NRK Nyheter (radio station)
NRK Nyheter (lit. 'NRK news') is a Norwegian all-news radio channel operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It was launched on 14 April 1997 (as NRK Alltid nyheter) as part of an effort to attract listeners to DAB digital radio, and was the world's first all-digital news channel.

At the end of August 2018, NRK Alltid nyheter had a weekly reach of 82,000 listeners (an audience share of 1.8%).

In 2021, the station was renamed NRK Nyheter.
2003 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 2003 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado at Boulder during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team played their home games at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado. They participated in the Big 12 Conference in the North Division. They were coached by head coach Gary Barnett. Colorado missed a bowl berth for just the fourth time since 1984.

Folsom Field
Folsom Field is an outdoor college football stadium located on the campus of the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado. It is the home field of the Colorado Buffaloes of the Big 12 Conference.

Opened in 1924, the horseshoe-shaped stadium has a traditional north–south configuration, opening to the north. The University's athletic administration center, named after 1950s head coach Dal Ward, is located at the north end.

The playing field returned to artificial turf in 2025 and sits at an elevation of 5,360 feet (1,635 m), more than a mile above sea level. Folsom Field is the third highest stadium in FBS college football, behind only Wyoming and Air Force of the Mountain West Conference.
Alocolytoceratinae
Alocolytoceratinae is a subfamily of lytoceratids that comprises genera characterized by many deep constrictions in the shell  resulting in capricorn-like (goat's horm) ornamention, especially in the middle whorls, but becoming smooth and more involute in the outer whorls. Saddle endings in the suture tend to be phylloid, (leaf-like).

Alcolytocerainae includes Alocolytoceras, Lobolytoceras, Pachylytocras, and Pleurolytoceras, which are mostly from the Toarcian. One genus, Pachylotoceras, extends into the lower Bajocian.

Lobolytoceras
Lobolytoceras is an extinct genus of ammonite in which only the inner whorls have large swollen ribs, later whorls have wrinkled growth lines which coarsen somewhat, near the aperture. The genus is known from the Lower Jurassic Toarcian of Europe.  The type species L. siemensi (Denck) came from the Upper Toarcian of Germany.
2004 Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction election
The 2004 Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction election was held on November 2, 2004, to elect the superintendent of public instruction of Washington, concurrently with the 2004 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of Washington. Incumbent superintendent of public instruction Terry Bergeson was re-elected to a third term in office, defeating former superintendent of public instruction Judith Billings. While the race was officially non-partisan, both Bergeson and Billings identified as Democrats.

2004 Washington gubernatorial election
The 2004 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 2004. The race gained national attention for its legal twists and extremely close finish, among the closest political races in United States election history. Republican Dino Rossi was declared the winner of the initial count and again of the automated recount, but after a second recount done by hand, Democrat Christine Gregoire took the lead by a margin of 129 votes.

Although Gregoire was sworn in as governor of Washington on January 12, 2005, Rossi did not formally concede and called for a re-vote over concerns about the integrity of the election. The Republican Party filed a lawsuit in Chelan County Superior Court contesting the election, but the trial judge ruled against it, citing lack of evidence of deliberate electoral sabotage. Rossi chose not to appeal to the Washington State Supreme Court, formally conceding the election on June 6, 2005. Gregoire was re-elected in 2008 in a rematch with Rossi.
Triplophysa stewarti
Triplophysa stewarti is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa. It lives in slow-flowing rivers and lakes among rocks and vegetation; it is found in numerous lakes and in upper Salween, Indus, and Brahmaputra drainages in Tibet as well as in Kashmir, India. It grows to 20.8 cm (8.2 in) SL.

Triplophysa
Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, as well as inland waters of the larger part of central Asia. They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of nuptial tubercles on breeding males. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera (Hedinichthys, Indotriplophysa, Labiatophysa, Qinghaichthys and Tarimichthys), but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.