hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Day for Darfur
Day for Darfur is an international advocacy campaign that works to bring together activists in cities around the globe in calling for action on the crisis in Darfur, western Sudan.

The Day for Darfur was originally conceived by a group of NGOs working on Darfur concerned about the slow response of the international community to the crisis.  Key participating organisations include Aegis Trust, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, International Crisis Group, and Save Darfur Coalition. There have been four Days for Darfur called since the first took place on September 17, 2006, each focusing on a call to governments and international bodies.

Herta Däubler-Gmelin
Herta Däubler-Gmelin (German: [ˈhɛʁta ˈdɔʏblɐ ˈɡmeːliːn]; born 12 August 1943) is a German lawyer, academic and politician of the Social Democratic Party. She served as Federal Minister of Justice from 1998 to 2002, and as a Member of the Bundestag from 1972 to 2009. She currently teaches as an honorary professor of political science at the Free University of Berlin, particularly on international relations and human rights, and was the Hemmerle Professor at RWTH Aachen University in 2011. She is married to the legal scholar Wolfgang Däubler.
Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept.

Database model
A database model is a type of data model that determines the logical structure of a database. It fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated. The most popular example of a database model is the relational model, which uses a table-based format.
Bulgarian Doubles Football Group
The Bulgarian Doubles Football Group (Bulgarian: Дублираща футболна група) was a Bulgarian football reserve team league. It existed for just two seasons – 2008–09 and 2009–10.

The 16 clubs that used to form the Doubles Groups were the 16 reserve teams of the clubs currently playing in the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group (A Group). They played their matches each Monday following the official fixtures of A Group but with a reverse home team (if Club A entertains Club B in their A Group match, Club B entertains Club A in their Doubles Groups match).

2008–09 A Group
The 2008–09 A Group was the 85th season of the Bulgarian national top football division, and the 61st of A Group as the top tier football league in the country. It began on 9 August 2008 and ended on 13 June 2009. CSKA Sofia were the defending champions, but they were unable to retain it and Levski Sofia won the title, which was their 26th overall.
Gulkana Glacier
Gulkana Glacier is a glacier that flows from the ice fields of the south flank of the eastern Alaska Range. It is accessible by gravel roads from the Richardson Highway near mile post 197 at the Richardson Monument, just two miles north of Summit Lake and 12  miles north of Paxson and the junction with Denali Highway. Closer to the glacier, a suspension bridge allows pedestrians to cross over Phelan Creek. Wildlife includes moose and bears. The peak of a hill just southwest of Gulkana Glacier has a post labeled PEWE 1975. The Arctic Man competition takes place near Gulkana Glacier every spring.

Alaska Range
The Alaska Range is a relatively narrow, 600-mile-long (970-kilometer) mountain range in the southcentral region of the U.S. state of Alaska, from Lake Clark at its southwest end to the White River in Canada's Yukon Territory in the southeast. Denali, the highest mountain in North America, is in the Alaska Range. The range is part of the American Cordillera.

The Alaska Range is one of the highest mountain ranges in the world, after the Himalayas and the Andes.
Riccarton, Edinburgh
Riccarton is an area in Edinburgh's Green Belt, in Scotland. It is mainly undeveloped, with much farmland and few houses.

Riccarton is to the west of the Edinburgh City Bypass (the A720), and is known for being the location of Heriot-Watt University's main campus, including Oriam, Scotland's National Performance Centre for Sport which opened to the public in August 2016.

In recent years, there have been numerous controversies surrounding potential development in the area.

The area is bordered by Currie, Juniper Green and Curriehill to the south, The Calders (Wester Hailes) to the east, and Hermiston to the north.

Hermiston, Edinburgh
Hermiston is a hamlet formerly in the county of Midlothian and now part of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is north of Heriot-Watt University's Riccarton Campus and west of the Hermiston Gait commercial development. Hermiston is bounded by the A71 Calder Road to the south and the Union Canal to the north with the M8 motorway just beyond. A park and ride site serving western Edinburgh is located south-west of the A71 Calder Road roundabout.

The hamlet forms the Hermiston Conservation Area.

Hermiston is also notable as the setting of the Robert Louis Stevenson novel Weir of Hermiston. The city of Hermiston, Oregon in turn takes its name from the book.
Nissan 370Z
The Nissan 370Z (known as the Fairlady Z Z34 in Japan) is a two-seater sports car which was made by Nissan from 2008 until 2021. Based on the Nissan FM platform, it has a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout and either a two-door coupé or two-door roadster bodystyle. The 370Z is the sixth generation of the Nissan Z-car line, succeeding the 350Z and preceding the RZ34, which uses a modified version of the same platform. It was sold in North America for the 2009–2020 model years.

Coupe
A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors.

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".

Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".
Franklin County Courthouse (Illinois)
The Franklin County Courthouse is a government building located in Benton, Illinois. It took 620 days to complete from start to finish, costing around $13 million for the courthouse itself. A nearby government building also saw renovations so it could house the courtrooms and the Circuit Clerk's office while the courthouse was under construction. That brought the total cost to around $18 million.

The courthouse was finished ahead of schedule and was reported to have been cheaper than fixing the previous courthouse.

Fourth Franklin County Courthouse
The fourth Franklin County Courthouse was a government building in central Benton, the county seat of Franklin County, Illinois, United States.  Built in 1874 to replace an older structure that could no longer serve the county's needs, it was the fourth building to serve as a courthouse for Franklin County.  Demolition of the building started on Aug. 5, 2020, and was completed within the month. A new courthouse, inaugurated on April 22, 2022, was built on the same location as the fourth Franklin County Courthouse.
Sierra Nevada Research Institute
The Sierra Nevada Research Institute (SNRI) is a research institute at the University of California, Merced. Established in 2007, it was UC Merced's first research institute. SNRI conducts interdisciplinary research in the Sierra Nevada and San Joaquin Valley, focusing on issues including climate change, water resources, and the effects of wildfires. The director as of 2025 is Asmeret Asefaw Berhe.

University of California, Merced
The University of California, Merced (UC Merced or colloquially, UCM) is a public land-grant research university in Merced County, California, United States. Established in 2005, UC Merced is the tenth and newest campus in the University of California (UC) system. The primary campus is located around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the city of Merced and sits adjacent to Lake Yosemite. The main campus is around 1,026 acres (415 hectares) in size and is adjacent to large swaths of protected natural grasslands and vernal pools, which have shaped its development, capital planning, and research.

UC Merced offers over 60 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate and professional degrees and roughly 8,000 undergraduates and 700 graduate students were enrolled at UCM as of fall 2023. In 2025 the university was classified as an R1 Carnegie research institution.
Punchbowl (Korean War)
The Punchbowl (Korean: 펀치볼) was the name given to the bowl-shaped Haean Basin (해안분지) in Yanggu County, Gangwon Province by United Nations (UN) Forces during the Korean War. The Punchbowl lies several km south of the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Yanggu County, Gangwon
Yanggu County (Yanggu-gun) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea.

The northern part of Yanggu County was part of the front line for much of the Korean War, and now borders the Demilitarized Zone. Several Korean War battle sites are located in Yanggu County, including Bloody Ridge, Heartbreak Ridge, and Hill 1179 (Daeusan). Yanggu is located in what is claimed to be the geographic center of the Korean peninsula. Dochon-ri village in Nam-myeon in Yanggu is called the "navel of Korea".
Jitpursimara
Jitpursimara (also Jeetpursimara or Jeetpur Simara) is a sub-metropolitan city in Bara District in Province No. 2 of southern Nepal that was formed on 10 March 2017 after merging Gadhimai Municipality, Inarwasira, Amlekhganj, as well as parts of Manharwa, Haraiya and Rampur Tokani to form a new sub-metropolitan city. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, the former settlements that would make up the sub-metropolitan city had a joint population of 117,094 people living in 21,670 individual households.

Rampur Tokani
Rampur Tokani is a town and Village Development Committee  in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,551 persons living in 611 individual households.
Agnibeena
Agnibeena (Bengali: অগ্নিবীণা) is the first poetry book written by Kazi Nazrul Islam, one of the most famous Bengali poets of the first half of the twentieth century. It was published in the month of Kartik, the Bengali year 1329 (October 1922). There are twelve poems in this book.

Bengali poetry
Bengali poetry is a rich tradition of poetry in the Bengali language and has many different forms. Originating in Bengal, the history of Bengali poetry underwent three successive stages of development: poetry of the early age (like Charyapad), the Medieval period and the age of modern poetry. All ages have seen different forms of poetry and poetical tradition. It reached the pinnacle during the Bengali Renaissance period although it has a rich tradition and has grown independent of the movement. Major Bengali Poets throughout the ages are Chandidas, Krittivas Ojha, Maladhar Basu, Bijay Gupta, Mukundaram Chakrabarti, Kashiram Das, Alaol, Syed Sultan, Ramprasad Sen, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Nabinchandra Sen, Rabindranath Tagore, Dwijendralal Ray, Satyendranath Dutta, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Jibanananda Das, Jasimuddin, Sukanta Battacharya, Al Mahmud, Joy Goswami.
In Defense of Animals
In Defense of Animals (IDA) is an animal protection organization founded in 1983 in San Rafael, California, United States. The group's slogan is "working to protect the rights, welfare, and habitats of animals".

IDA has become known, in particular, for its campaigns against animal experiments conducted by the U.S. military, and experiments in which baby monkeys are separated from their mothers. Journalist and author Deborah Blum has described its strategy as "pure pit bull. It picks a target carefully and refuses to let go".

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; /ˈpiːtə/ PEE-tə; styled PeTA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and originally led by Ingrid Newkirk, its co-founder.

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case. The organization opposes factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals.

The organization's controversial campaigns have been credited with drawing media attention to animal rights issues, but have also been widely criticized for their disruptive nature. Its use of euthanasia has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers.
SIGLEC6
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC6 gene. The gene was originally named CD33L (CD33-like) due to similarities between these genes but later became known as OB-BP1 (OB [leptin]-binding protein 1) due to its ability to bind to this factor and, finally, SIGLEC6 as the sixth member of the SIGLEC family of receptors to be identified. The protein has also been given the CD designation CD327.

Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells. In terms of physiology, CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptors or ligands important to the cell. A signal cascade is usually initiated, altering the behavior of the cell (see cell signaling). Some CD proteins do not play a role in cell signaling, but have other functions, such as cell adhesion. CD for humans is numbered up to 371 (as of 21 April 2016).
Toran (art)
Torana (Kannada: ತೋರಣ), also known as Bandanwal, refer to a decorative door hanging in Hinduism, usually decorated with marigolds and mango leaves, or a string that is tied on the door with the flower on it as a part of traditional Hindu culture on the occasion of festivals and weddings.  A toran may feature colours such as green, yellow and red. They can be made of fabrics or metals which are usually made to resemble mango leaves. Peepal tree leaves are also used to make torans at some places in India. They also have other decorative features depending on the region.

The origin of torans can be traced to Puranas (Hindu Scriptures). Torans are used to decorate the main entrance of the home. The main idea behind decorating the homes is to please and attract the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi. These torans are the first thing that welcomes guests.

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
Sherman function
The Sherman function describes the dependence of electron-atom scattering events on the spin of the scattered electrons. It was first evaluated theoretically by the physicist Noah Sherman and it allows the measurement of polarization of an electron beam by Mott scattering experiments. A correct evaluation of the Sherman function associated to a particular experimental setup is of vital importance in experiments of spin polarized photoemission spectroscopy, which is an experimental technique which allows to obtain information about the magnetic behaviour of a sample.

Electron multiplier
An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges. In a process called secondary emission, a single electron can, when bombarded on secondary-emissive material, induce emission of roughly 1 to 3 electrons. If an electric potential is applied between this metal plate and yet another, the emitted electrons will accelerate to the next metal plate and induce secondary emission of still more electrons. This can be repeated a number of times, resulting in a large shower of electrons all collected by a metal anode, all having been triggered by just one.
John Murray (publishing house)
John Murray is a Scottish publisher, known for the authors it has published in its long history including Jane Austen, Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, Edward Whymper, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, and Charles Darwin. Since 2004, it has been owned by conglomerate Lagardère under the Hachette UK brand.

Mister Pip
Mister Pip (2006) is a novel by Lloyd Jones, a New Zealand author. It is named after the chief character in, and shaped by the plot of Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations. The novel was adapted into the film Mr. Pip in 2012.

The novel is set against the backdrop of the civil war on Bougainville Island during the early 1990s. Jones had covered the war in Bougainville as a journalist, but was unable to visit. He learned about atrocities committed there from a Papua New Guinean soldier.
Joe Muha
Joseph George Muha (April 28, 1921 – March 31, 1993) was an American professional football player and coach who played as a  fullback, linebacker and punter in the National Football League (NFL) for five seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football for the VMI Keydets and was selected second overall by the Eagles of the 1943 NFL draft.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 5110
London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 No. 5110 (British Railways No. 45110) is a preserved British steam locomotive. It has carried the name RAF Biggin Hill in preservation, though it never carried this in service. Number 5110 was built in 1935 by the Vulcan Foundry. It was built with a low-degree superheat domeless boiler and still carries a domeless boiler.

Severn Valley Railway
The Severn Valley Railway is a standard-gauge heritage railway in Shropshire and Worcestershire, England. The 16-mile (26 km) single-track line runs from Bridgnorth to Kidderminster, calling at four intermediate stations and three request stops ("halts"), following the course of the River Severn along the Severn Valley for much of its route, and crossing the river on the historic Victoria Bridge. Train services are hauled by a mixture of steam and heritage diesel locomotives and are often composed of restored heritage carriages, though goods trains are run on special occasions. The railway operates most weekends and holidays throughout its running season, it also holds events featuring more intensive operation, such as steam and diesel galas.
So You Think You Can Dance (China)
So You Think You Can Dance China was a Chinese televised dance competition based on the format of the international So You Think You Can Dance television franchise. The first season aired on Dragon TV on 16 February 2013 with the name 舞林争霸 (Pinyin: Wǔ Lín Zhēngbà) and was hosted by Cheng Lei. Season 2 aired on Zhejiang STV on 19 April 2014 with the name 中国好舞蹈 (Pinyin: Zhōngguó Hǎo Wǔdǎo) and was hosted by Hua Shao.

So You Think You Can Dance
So You Think You Can Dance is a franchise of reality television shows in which contestants compete in dance.  The first series of the franchise, created by Idols producers Simon Fuller and Nigel Lythgoe, premiered in July 2005 and has broadcast seventeen seasons since.  Adaptations of the show began airing in other countries in late 2005 and to date 30 localized adaptations have been produced, representing 41 countries and comprising more than ninety individual seasons.
2021 United States House of Representatives elections
There were six special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 2021 during the 117th United States Congress.

All of the elections were won by the party previously holding the seat. Therefore, there were no net changes in party.

Ron Wright (politician)
Ronald Jack Wright (April 8, 1953 – February 7, 2021) was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 6th congressional district from 2019 until his death in 2021. He was a member of the Republican Party.

After serving on Arlington's city council and as tax assessor-collector for Tarrant County, Wright was elected to the House of Representatives in 2018 and reelected in 2020. Before his death from COVID-19 on February 7, 2021, Wright had been diagnosed with lung cancer in June 2019.
Mythology of Fringe
Fringe is an American science fiction drama television series originally broadcast from 2008 to 2013. The show, created by J. J. Abrams, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci, revolves around the fictional Fringe Division, a congressionally funded federal law enforcement task force, staffed primarily by Federal Bureau of Investigation and Homeland Security personnel. The task force is responsible for investigating crimes and phenomena related to fringe science and the individuals and conspiratorial organizations that perpetrate those acts. During the five-season series, the mythology and backstory of the show expanded across a broad spectrum of recurring themes (such as alternate realities and timelines), locations, and characters to serialize story arcs and intricately link early episodes with later ones.

Wormhole
A wormhole is a hypothetical structure that connects disparate points in spacetime. It can be visualized as a tunnel with two ends at separate points in spacetime (i.e., different locations, different points in time, or both). Wormholes are based on a special solution of the Einstein field equations.
Wormholes are consistent with the general theory of relativity, but whether they actually exist is unknown. Many physicists postulate that wormholes are merely projections of a fourth spatial dimension, analogous to how a two-dimensional (2D) being could experience only part of a three-dimensional (3D) object.

In 1995, Matt Visser suggested there may be many wormholes in the universe if cosmic strings with negative mass were generated in the early universe. Some physicists, such as Kip Thorne, have suggested how to create wormholes artificially.
Family Nest
Family Nest (Hungarian: Családi tűzfészek) is a 1979 Hungarian black-and-white drama film, directed by Béla Tarr. The film won Grand Prize at the 1979 Mannheim-Heidelberg International Film Festival, tying with the film El Super.

El Super
El Súper is a 1979 Spanish-language comedy-drama film directed by Leon Ichaso and Orlando Jiménez Leal, based on a stage play by Iván Acosta.  The film is a look at life in the U.S. from the perspective of frustrated Cuban exiles.