hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Plant Pathology
Molecular Plant Pathology is a monthly open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Society for Plant Pathology. It was established in January 2000 by Gary D. Foster, University of Bristol, who acted as editor-in-chief from 2000 to 2012. The journal covers research concerning plant pathology, in particular its molecular aspects such as plant-pathogen interactions. The current editor-in-chief is Ralph A. Dean (North Carolina State University). The journal had a 2017 impact factor of 4.188, ranking it 17th out of 223 journals in the category "Plant Sciences". The journal became open access in January 2019.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Eastern Peripheral Nahuatl
Eastern Peripheral Nahuatl is a group of Nahuatl languages, including the Pipil language of El Salvador and the Nahuatl dialects of the Sierra Norte de Puebla, southern Veracruz, and Tabasco (Isthmus dialects):

Sierra Puebla Nahuatl

?Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl (Tehuacan–Zongolica)

Isthmus Nahuatl

Pipil and Tabasco Nahuatl  (incl. extinct Northern Chiapas Nahuatl?)

The boundaries of Eastern Nahuatl are not clear. Southeastern Puebla (Tehuacan-Zongolica) is particularly ambiguous. Hasler (1996:164) summarizes the situation,

"Juan Hasler (1958:338) interprets the presence in the region of [a mix of] eastern dialect features and central dialect features as an indication of a substratum of eastern Nahuatl and a superstratum of central Nahuatl. Una Canger (1980:15–20) classifies the region as part of the eastern area, while Yolanda Lastra (1986:189–190) classifies it as part of the central area."

Isthmus Nahuatl
Isthmus Nahuatl (Isthmus Nahuat; native name: melaꞌtájto̱l)  is a Nahuatl dialect cluster spoken by about 30,000 people in Veracruz, Mexico. According to Ethnologue 16, the Cosoleacaque dialect is 84% intelligible with Pajapan, and 83% intelligible with Mecayapan.
The Bagel and Becky Show
The Bagel and Becky Show (also known as Dave Cooper's The Bagel and Becky Show or simply Bagel and Becky) is a Canadian animated children's television series created by Dave Cooper, the co-creator of Nickelodeon's Pig Goat Banana Cricket, and produced by Radical Sheep Productions and Jam Filled Entertainment for Teletoon.  The series debuted worldwide on Teletoon+ in Poland on November 14, 2016. 26 episodes were produced.

Pig Goat Banana Cricket
Pig Goat Banana Cricket, also abbreviated as PGBC, is an American animated television series created by Dave Cooper and Johnny Ryan for Nickelodeon. The show follows the interwoven adventures of the titular quartet. It premiered on July 16, 2015, as a sneak preview after the 2015 Kids' Choice Sports. It officially premiered two days later on July 18, 2015.
Wilkszyce
Wilkszyce [vilkˈʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goszczanów, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Goszczanów, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 68 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Goszczanów
Goszczanów [ɡɔʂˈt͡ʂanuf] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Goszczanów. It lies approximately 27 km (17 mi) north-west of Sieradz and 67 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

There is a parish church of Saints Martin & Stanislaus. Founded by Adam Poniatowski herbu (Coat of Arms) Szreniawa and built in 1666, in Baroque style.
Flag of Djibouti
The national flag of Djibouti is a horizontal flag bicolour with equal bands of light blue and light green, with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the centre of the triangle is a red star. The flag combines the basic layout and colours from the flag of the Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalis. The light blue represents the sky and the sea, as well as the Somalis, green represents the everlasting green of the earth, as well as the Afars, white represents the colour of peace and the five-pointed red star represents unity, the blood shed by the martyrs of independence, as well as Djibouti being one of the five regions inhabited by the Somali people.

National flag
A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colors and symbols, which may also be used separately from the flag as a symbol of the nation. The design of a national flag is sometimes altered after the occurrence of important historical events.
1912 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1912 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1912 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 7–1–1 record under first-year head coach Art Howe.  The team's only loss was to Harvard by a 20–0 score in the final game of the season.  Yale end Douglas Bomeisler and center Hank Ketcham were consensus picks for the 1912 College Football All-America Team, and two other Yale players (guards Russell Cooney and John Pendleton) received first-team All-America honors from at least one selector. Guard Ted York died following the Army game.

Douglas Bomeisler
Douglass M. "Bo" Bomeisler (June 20, 1892 – December 28, 1953) was an American college football player.  He played for the Yale Bulldogs football team of Yale University from 1910 to 1912, and was selected as a consensus first-team All-American in 1911 and 1912.  He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972.
Church & Oswaldtwistle railway station
Church & Oswaldtwistle railway station serves both the village of Church and the town of Oswaldtwistle, in Lancashire, England. The station is 5+1⁄3 miles (8.6 km) east of Blackburn railway station, on the East Lancashire Line operated by Northern Trains.

Oswaldtwistle
Oswaldtwistle (/ˈɒz(w)əl.twɪzəl/ "ozzle twizzle") is a town in the Hyndburn borough of Lancashire, England, 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Blackburn, contiguous with Accrington. The town has a rich industrial heritage, being home to James Hargreaves, inventor of the spinning jenny, and Robert "Parsley" Peel of calico printing fame. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through the town and was responsible for the export of much of the area's cotton produce.

At the 2011 census, it had a population of 11,803. In 2021 the population had decreased to 10,815
United States House Select Committee on Benghazi
The United States House Select Committee on Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Benghazi was created after Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner, on May 2, 2014, proposed that a House select committee would be formed to further investigate the Benghazi attack on September 11, 2012. During the attack, the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked, resulting in the deaths of the U.S. ambassador to that country, J. Christopher Stevens, and three other Americans.

On May 8, 2014, the House voted 232–186 to establish the select committee, with 225 Republicans and 7 Democrats in favor, and 186 Democrats voting against. The chairman of the committee was Representative Trey Gowdy from South Carolina. It was the last of six investigations conducted by Republican-controlled House committees. The committee closed on December 12, 2016, after issuing its final report.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
Dīghajāṇu Sutta
The Dighajanu Sutta (Pali Dīghajāṇu sutta), also known as the Byagghapajja Sutta or Vyagghapajja Sutta ව්‍යග්ඝපජ්ජ සූත්‍රය, is part of the Anguttara Nikaya (AN 8.54).  For Theravadin scholars, this discourse of the Pāli Canon is one of several considered key to understanding Buddhist lay ethics. In this discourse, the Buddha instructs a householder  named Dīghajāṇu Vyagghapajja, a Koliyan householder, on eight personality traits or conditions that lead to happiness and well-being in this and future lives.

Alms
Alms (/ɑːmz/, /ɑːlmz/) are money, food, or other material goods donated to people living in poverty. Providing alms is often considered an act of charity. The act of providing alms is called almsgiving.
Andy Reed (politician)
Andrew John Reed OBE (born 17 September 1964) is a British Labour Co-operative politician who was the Member of Parliament for the key marginal Constituency of Loughborough from 1997 to 2010. 
Reed was awarded the OBE in June 2012 for service to the community and sport in Leicestershire.

He is a notable sports enthusiast, a fortuitous coincidence as "Loughborough is home to the most comprehensive sports development programme of any University," as well as being headquarters for Team GB's 2012 Olympic preparation, whose requirements Reed became familiar with under the Parliamentary Sports Fellowship Scheme. Although regarded as a loyal MP, Reed was the first member of the Government to resign over the invasion of Iraq.

Borough of Charnwood
Charnwood is a local government district with borough status in the north of Leicestershire, England. It is named after Charnwood Forest, much of which lies within the borough. Towns in the borough include Loughborough (where the council is based), Shepshed and Syston. Villages in the borough include Barrow upon Soar, Birstall, Hathern, Mountsorrel, Quorn, Rothley, Sileby and Woodhouse Eaves.

The neighbouring districts are Melton, Harborough, Leicester, Blaby, Hinckley and Bosworth, North West Leicestershire and Rushcliffe.
Curt Alfred Herbst
Curt Alfred Herbst (29 May 1866 – 9 May 1946) was a German embryologist and zoologist who studied development of cells and tissues. He noted the mechanosensory organs now known as Herbst corpuscles in the bills of birds.

Herbst was born to Heinrich and Henriette Martin in Meuselwitz, Thuringia. He was educated in Geneva and Jena where his teachers included Carl Vogt and Ernst Haeckel. He also went to the Polytechnic in Zurich to study chemistry. He studied echinoderm larvae and noted the effect of lithium ion gradients on morphogenesis and noted sex-determination in Bonellia viridis through environmental concentrations of ions. After obtaining a Ph.D. in 1889 he visited Southeast Asia along with Hans Driesch, visiting Ceylon, Java and the Trieste marine station. He then went to Heidelberg to study under Otto Bütschli and became an associate professor in 1906. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Halle. His students included Helmuth Plessner.

Carl Vogt
August Christoph Carl Vogt (/fɔːkt/; German: [foːkt] ⓘ; 5 July 1817 – 5 May 1895) was a German scientist, philosopher, popularizer of science, and politician who emigrated to Switzerland. Vogt published a number of notable works on zoology, geology and physiology. All his life he was engaged in politics, in the German Frankfurt Parliament of 1848–49 and later in Switzerland.
Invalid science
Invalid science consists of scientific claims based on experiments that cannot be reproduced or that are contradicted by experiments that can be reproduced. Recent analyses indicate that the proportion of retracted claims in the scientific literature is steadily increasing. The number of retractions has grown tenfold over the past decade, but they still make up approximately 0.2% of the 1.4 million papers published annually in scholarly journals.

The U.S. Office of Research Integrity (ORI) investigates scientific misconduct.

United States Office of Research Integrity
The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) is a U.S. government agency that focuses on research integrity, especially in health. It was created when the Office of Scientific Integrity (OSI) in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Office of Scientific Integrity Review (OSIR) in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health merged in May 1992. The Office of Research Integrity oversees and directs Public Health Service (PHS) research integrity activities on behalf of the Secretary of Health and Human Services, except for the regulatory research integrity activities of the Food and Drug Administration. Organizationally, ORI is located within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH) within the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Stephen Page
Stephen George Page AO is an Aboriginal Australian choreographer, film director and former dancer. He was artistic director of the Bangarra Dance Theatre, an Indigenous Australian dance company, from 1991 until 2022. During this time he choreographed or created 33 works for the company, as well as several other major works, including segments of the opening and closing ceremonies of the Sydney Olympic Games. He was artistic director of the 2004 Adelaide Festival of the Arts, and has also done work for theatre and film.

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards are accolades for live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001.

The annual awards recognise achievements in the disciplines of musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. Over forty awards are given to productions, festivals and concerts, and for individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design.

They are named in honour of ballet dancer, choreographer, director and actor Sir Robert Helpmann.

The awards are the Australian equivalent of the United States' Tony Awards for Broadway theatre and the United Kingdom's Laurence Olivier Awards for West End theatre.

The Helpmann Awards were last awarded in 2019. LPA cancelled the 2020 and 2021 awards due to the COVID-19 pandemic. No public statement has been made for subsequent years.
2025 Open Bogotá
The 2025 Kia Open Bogotá was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 17th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bogotá, Colombia between 12 and 17 May 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1863 Grand National
The 1863 Grand National was the 25th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 11 March 1863.

The winning mare's full sister Emblematic won the race the following year.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
White Peak Estate
The White Peak Estate (previously known as the South Peak Estate) of the National Trust comprises several land holdings in the Southern Peak District, now referred to as Ilam Park, Dovedale and the White Peak in National Trust publications although administered from the "White Peak Estate Office". The holdings, totalling some 3,600 acres (1,500 ha), are managed from the estate office in Ilam and comprise:

Ilam Park, including Ilam Hall which is let to the Youth Hostel Association (YHA)

Dovedale from Thorpe Cloud to Wolfscote Dale and Biggin Dale

Wetton Hill and Wetton Mill

Ossam's Hill

Hamps Valley Woodlands (and Beeston Tor)

Grindon Moor

Ecton

Land at Monyash

Alsop Moor

Stanton Moor Edge

Ravenstor YHA

Taddington Wood

High Weeldon

Winster Market House (the National Trust's first property in the Peak District, 1906)

Dovedale itself was acquired in 1934, and a string of acquisitions followed until 1938; Wolfscote Dale was acquired in 1948.

Winster Market House
The Market House is a historic building in the Main Street in Winster, a town in Derbyshire, England. The building, which is currently in use a visitor exhibition centre, is a Grade II* listed building.
Kumphawapi railway station
Kumphawapi railway station is a railway station located in Phan Don Subdistrict, Kumphawapi District, Udon Thani Province. It is a class 1 railway station located 532.50 km (330.9 mi) from Bangkok railway station and is the main station for Kumphawapi District.

Udon Thani province
Udon Thani province (Thai/Northeastern Thai: อุดรธานี, Thai pronunciation: [ʔù.dɔ̄ːn tʰāː.nīː], Lao pronunciation: [ʔú.dɔ̀ːn tʰáː.níː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) which lies in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. It is bordered by the provinces of Nong Khai to the north, Sakon Nakhon to the east, Kalasin province to the southeast, Khon Kaen to the south, and Loei and Nong Bua Lamphu to the west. It occupies an area of 11,072 km2 (4,275 sq mi). The total forest area is 1,131 km2 (437 sq mi) or 10.2 percent of provincial area. The provincial capital is Udon Thani, the major city in the province.
Cameraria affinis
Cameraria affinis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Quebec, Canada, and the United States (including Connecticut, Texas, Utah and Kentucky).

The larvae feed on Lonicera species (including Lonicera × bella, Symphoricarpos species (including Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) and Triosteum angustifolium. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Tjupan dialect
Tjupan (Tjupany) is one of the Wati languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family of Australia. It is sometimes counted as a dialect of the Western Desert Language, but is classified as a distinct language by Bowern.

The spelling "Tjupan" follows the Goldfields Language Centre and is used for a small dictionary published by the Ngalia Heritage Research Council. "Madoidja" (Madoitja) is a location name.

Extinct Birniridjara ("Pini") was close geographically and was reported to be mutually intelligible, but is undocumented and it is not known if it was closer to Tjupan than to other Western Desert languages.

Tjupan is classed as a highly endangered language, with only 6 fully fluent speakers remaining.

Western Desert language
The Western Desert language, or Wati, is a dialect cluster of Australian Aboriginal languages in the Pama–Nyungan family.

The name Wati tends to be used when considering the various varieties to be distinct languages, Western Desert when considering them dialects of a single language, or Wati as Warnman plus the Western Desert cluster.
São João Batista do Glória
São João Batista do Glória is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 7,498 people living in a total area of 553 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos.  It became a municipality in 1948.

Poços de Caldas
Poços de Caldas is a municipality in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in the microregion of the same name. Its estimated population in 2020 was 168,641 inhabitants. The city is known for its hot springs.
Inauini River
Inauini River (Portuguese: Rio Inauini) is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil, a tributary of the Purus River.

The Inauini River forms the boundary between the Mapiá-Inauini National Forest and the Purus National Forest.
The local people have complained that many people come up the Inauini by boat and fish in nearby lakes.
The intruders also collect turtles, which has led to a sharp drop in the turtle population.

Purus River
The Purus River (Portuguese: Rio Purus; Spanish: Río Purús) is a tributary of the Amazon River in South America. Its drainage basin is 371,042 km2 (143,260 sq mi), and the mean annual discharge is 11,207 m3/s (395,800 cu ft/s). The river shares its name with the Alto Purús National Park and the Purús Province (and its conformed Purús District), one of the four provinces of Peru in the Ucayali Region.
Elizabeth Bolton (rabbi)
Elizabeth (Liz) Bolton (born 1956) is a rabbi, feminist, and activist. Hired in 2013 by Reconstructionist synagogue Or Haneshamah, she is Ottawa’s first female and openly gay rabbi. In the late 1980’s, she led efforts to address the exclusion of women from the cantorate in Canada.

Reconstructionist Rabbinical College
The Reconstructionist Rabbinical College (RRC) is a Jewish seminary in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. It is the only seminary affiliated with Reconstructionist Judaism.  It is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.  RRC has an enrollment of approximately 80 students in rabbinic and other graduate programs.

A 2012 restructuring of the Reconstructionist movement's institutions left RRC as the primary organization of the movement, headed by Rabbi Deborah Waxman. This central organization changed its name to "Reconstructing Judaism" in January 2018. — the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College remains part of this organization.
Gmina Bytnica
Gmina Bytnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bytnica, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Krosno Odrzańskie, 33 km (21 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and 65 km (40 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

The gmina covers an area of 208.74 square kilometres (80.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 2,512.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Gryżyna Landscape Park.

Krosno County, Lubusz Voivodeship
Krosno County (Polish: powiat krośnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Krosno Odrzańskie, which lies 30 km (19 mi) west of Zielona Góra and 79 km (49 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The only other town is Gubin which is the biggest town in the county. It is situated on the German border 28 km (17 mi) west of Krosno Odrzańskie.

The county covers an area of 1,390 square kilometres (536.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 55,018, out of which the population of Gubin is 16,619, that of Krosno Odrzańskie is 11,319, and the rural population is 27,080.