hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elm Park, Winnipeg
Elm Park is a neighbourhood in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Located in the northern section of the district of St. Vital, it is bounded to the north by the Red River, to the east by St. Mary's Road, to the south by Fermor Avenue, and to the west by Dunkirk Drive. As of the 2021 census, Elm Park had a population of 1,435.

Winnipeg Route 62
Route 62 is a major north–south arterial route in Winnipeg, Manitoba, that has eight different street names.

The route serves both the North End and St. Vital areas of Winnipeg, and forms the westernmost boundary of the downtown core. Osborne Street, between the Assiniboine and Red Rivers, is a major shopping district, especially in the area between Roslyn Road and Corydon Avenue, known as Osborne Village.
Sde Boaz
Sde Boaz (Hebrew: שדה בועז, lit. 'Boaz's Field') is an Israeli outpost in the West Bank, built in 2002 almost entirely on private Palestinian land. Located on a hill above Neve Daniel, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Outposts are considered illegal under Israeli law.

Gush Etzion Regional Council
The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית גוש עציון, Mo'atza Azorit Gush Etzion) is a regional council in the northern Judean Hills, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. The headquarters are located adjacent to Alon Shvut.

The current mayor of the Council is Yaron Rosenthal, elected in 2024.

In August 2021, Rabbi Yosef Zvi Rimon was elected Chief Rabbi of the Gush Etzion Regional Council.
Fifteen Signs before Doomsday
The Fifteen Signs before Doomsday (alternatively known as the Fifteen Signs of Doomsday, Fifteen Signs before Judgement,  in Latin Quindecim Signa ante Judicium, and in German 15 Vorzeichen des Jüngsten Gerichts) is a list, popular in the Middle Ages because of millenarianism, of the events that are supposed to occur in the fortnight before the end of the world. It may find an origin in the apocryphal Apocalypse of Thomas and is found in many post-millennial manuscripts in Latin and in the vernacular. References to it occur in a great multitude and variety of literary works, and via the Cursor Mundi it may have found its way even into the early modern period, in the works of William Shakespeare.

Millenarianism
Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin  millenarius 'containing a thousand' and  -ism) is the belief held by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarianism exists in various cultures and religions worldwide, with various interpretations of what constitutes a transformation.

These movements believe in radical changes to society after a major cataclysm or transformative event.

Millenarianist movements can be secular (not espousing a particular religion) or religious in nature, and are therefore not necessarily linked to millennialist movements in Christianity.

Traditional Christian millenarianism has roots in "Jewish apocalyptic belief, Zoroastrianism, and Babylonian astrology",
mediated through the Biblical canon.
Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad
The Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad (NCNGRR) (nickname: Never Come, Never Go) was located in Northern California's Nevada County and Placer County, where it connected with the Central Pacific Railroad. The Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad Company incorporated on April 4, 1874, and was headquartered in Grass Valley, California. After two years of construction, passenger and commercial rail services began in 1876 and continued until 1943. The 22.53 mi (36.26 km) line ran from Colfax, north through Grass Valley to Nevada City. At one time, the railroad was notable for having the highest railroad bridge in California, the Bear River Bridge, built in 1908.

As was typical when railroads were built, freight rates dropped to a fraction of what they had been before with wagon transportation.  This stimulated all forms of economic activity in the region.

Nevada City, California
Nevada City is a city in and the county seat of Nevada County, California, United States, 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Sacramento, 84 miles (135 km) southwest of Reno and 147 miles (237 km) northeast of San Francisco. The population was 3,152 as of the 2020 census.
2016 World Ultimate & Guts Championships
The 2016 World Ultimate & Guts Championships was the 14th edition of the international ultimate frisbee competition organized by World Flying Disc Federation. They were held in London, United Kingdom, from 18 to 25 June 2016.

World Ultimate Championships
The World Ultimate Championships is an international ultimate frisbee competition organized by World Flying Disc Federation. It has been held every four years since 2000. Teams from across the world compete in three divisions: open, women's and mixed.
Spe salvi
Spe salvi (English: "Saved in Hope"), referencing the Latin phrase from Romans 8:24, Spe salvi facti sumus ("in hope we were saved"), is the second encyclical letter by Pope Benedict XVI promulgated on November 30, 2007, and is about the theological virtue of hope. Benedict has systematically touched upon the three theological virtues: love in 2005 Deus caritas est ("God is Love"), hope in this encyclical, and faith in 2013 Lumen fidei ("The Light of Faith"), written with Pope Francis.

The encyclical contains over 18,900 words, divided into fifty paragraphs, and organized into an introduction and eight chapters.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Plaça Catalana, Barcelona
Plaça Catalana (Catalan: [ˈplasə kətəˈlaɲə]; "Catalan Square") is a square in the Horta-Guinardó district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It's known for the historic public fountain located at the center.

Horta-Guinardó
Horta-Guinardó (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈɔɾtə ɣinəɾˈðo]) is the name of one of the districts of Barcelona, located in its North-Eastern corner. It is named after two very heterogeneous areas of the city, Horta and El Guinardó, which together cover a large area of 11.92 km2, amounting to 11.9% of the total area of the city.

A former municipality that eventually became part of the city in the late 19th century, it is bordered by five out of ten districts of Barcelona (Gràcia, Nou Barris, Eixample, Sant Andreu and Sant Martí), and by two other municipalities of the metropolitan area (Sant Cugat and Cerdanyola del Vallès). It underwent a rapid urbanisation process from the 1950s.
James Heaux
James Heaux (born 1984) is a French Polynesian broadcaster, politician, and Member of the Assembly of French Polynesia. He is currently a member of Tavini Huiraatira.

Heaux worked as a television anchor for Polynésie la 1ère before entering politics. He was elected to the Assembly of French Polynesia at the 2018 French Polynesian legislative election as a candidate for Tahoera'a Huiraatira. In March 2020 he was a candidate on the Tavini list for municipal elections in Papeete. As a result, Tahoera'a leader Gaston Flosse attempted to exclude him from the party. In March 2022 he formally resigned from the Tahoera'a, leading to its parliamentary group no longer being recognised in the Assembly. In June 2022 he joined the Tavini.

Gaston Flosse
Gaston Flosse (born 24 June 1931) is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on five separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France and has been a French junior minister under Jacques Chirac. He received sentences for corruption, which are under appeal.
2013 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship first qualifying round
2013 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship First Qualifying Round will be the first round of qualifications for the Final Tournament of 2013 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, which will be held in Wales.

The 40 teams were divided into 10 groups of four teams, with each group being contested as a mini-tournament, hosted by one of the group's teams. After all matches have been played, the 10 group winners and 10 group runners-up along with the best third-placed team will advance to the second qualifying round.

Wales qualified as hosts while England, France and Germany received byes to the second round as the sides with the highest coefficients.

The draw was made on 15 November 2011 at UEFA headquarters in Nyon. Matches was played from 20 to 25 October 2012.

2013 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The UEFA Women's U-19 Championship 2013 Final Tournament was held in Wales between 19 and 31 August 2013. Players born after 1 January 1994 were eligible to participate in this competition.

It was the first time Wales played in the final tournament. The tournament also qualified four teams to the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, with England, Finland, France and Germany claiming Europe's four places by reaching the semi-finals.
Ferdinand von Arnim
Heinrich Ludwig Ferdinand von Arnim (15 September 1814 – 23 March 1866) was a German architect and watercolour-painter. He was a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel and mainly worked in Berlin and Potsdam.

Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (German pronunciation: [ˈkaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʃɪŋkl̩]; 13 March 1781 – 9 October 1841) was a Prussian architect, city planner and painter who also designed furniture and stage sets. Schinkel was one of the greatest German architects, a nineteenth century design genius, and a leader in the International Neoclassical and Gothic Revival movements. His most famous buildings are found in and around Berlin, where he influenced the city's design and landscape profoundly. Schinkel's Bauakademie is considered one of the forerunners of modern architecture. His Altes Museum is one of the most important classical buildings in Europe and a model for future national art museums throughout the world.
Bierlein government
The Bierlein government (German: Bundesregierung Bierlein) was the 32nd Government of Austria following the collapse of the First Kurz government headed by Chancellor Sebastian Kurz in the aftermath of the Ibiza affair. Sworn in on 3 June 2019, the Bierlein government was the first purely technocratic government in Austrian history, first new government after a successful motion of no confidence in Parliament and first government headed by a female chancellor. As head of government, Brigitte Bierlein was assisted by Clemens Jabloner as vice-chancellor.

The cabinet was officially dissolved on 7 January 2020 and succeeded by the Second Kurz government, in which The Greens replaced the Freedom Party as the People's Party's junior coalition partner. Both newly-installed government parties have gained support at the expense of the People's Party's previous coalition partners in the 2019 legislative election.

Government of Austria
The Government of Austria (German: Bundesregierung der Republik Österreich) is the executive cabinet of the Republic of Austria. It consists of the chancellor, who is the head of government, the vice chancellor and the ministers.
Minot Air Force Station
Minot Air Force Station (ADC ID: P-28 NORAD ID: Z-28) [Permanent Installation Number (PIN): 1445; Installation Location Code (ILC): QJVM]) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  It is located  16.2 miles (26.1 km)  south of Minot, North Dakota; on the west side of US Highway 83.  It was closed in 1979. A portion of the property was reopened in 1984 as the Minot Communications Site and served until 1997.

Minot Air Force Station was the first major Air Force installation in North Dakota, even predating the two "large" bases, Minot Air Force Base and Grand Forks Air Force Base.

AN/FPS-6 Radar
The AN/FPS-6 Radar was a long-range height finding radar used by the United States Air Force's Air Defense Command. The AN/FPS-6 radar was introduced into service in the late 1950s and served as the principal height-finder radar for the United States for several decades thereafter. It was also used by the Royal Air Force alongside their AMES Type 80s. Built by General Electric, the S-band radar operated on a frequency of 2700 to 2900 MHz. Between 1953 and 1960, about 450 units of the AN/FPS-6 and the mobile AN/MPS-14 version were produced. The AN/FPS-90 and AN/FPS-116 radars were identical to the AN/FPS-6 except for receiver modifications.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/FPS-6" designation represents the 6th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for fixed ground search radar. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.
Panchalimedu
Panchalimedu is a hill station and view point near Kuttikkanam in Peerumedu tehsil of Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala. On the Makar Sankranti day, many Ayyappa devotees camps there to witness the sacred Makaravilakku (holy flame) that appears in the Ponnambalamedu near Sabarimala temple. On Good Fridays, Christians come here to follow the way of the cross here.

Presently there is a Hindu temple and a Christian shrine at the two extreme hills.

Peermade
Peermade, also spelt Peerumedu is a village, Grama Panchayat and hill station in the state of Kerala, in southwestern India. It lies 915 metres (3,002 ft) above sea level in the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) about 85 kilometres (53 mi) east of Kottayam on the way to Kumily.
Arms Trade Treaty
The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons.

It entered into force on 24 December 2014. 116 states have ratified the treaty, and a further 26 states have signed but not ratified it.

The ATT is an attempt to regulate the international trade of conventional weapons for the purpose of contributing to international and regional peace; reducing human suffering; and promoting co-operation, transparency, and responsible action by and among states.

The treaty was negotiated in New York City at a global conference under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) from 2–27 July 2012. As it was not possible to reach an agreement on a final text at that time, a new meeting for the conference was scheduled for 18–28 March 2013. On 2 April 2013, the UN General Assembly adopted the ATT.

International weapons commerce has been estimated to reach US$70 billion a year.

United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
The UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (abbr.  UNODA, French: Bureau des affaires du désarmement) is an Office of the United Nations Secretariat established in January 1998 as the Department for Disarmament Affairs, part of United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan's plan to reform the UN as presented in his report to the General Assembly in July 1997.

Its goal is to promote nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation and the strengthening of the disarmament regimes in respect to other weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological weapons. It also promotes disarmament efforts in the area of conventional weapons, especially landmines and small arms, which are often the weapons of choice in contemporary conflicts.

It is led by an Under-Secretary-General (USG) and High Representative (HR), Izumi Nakamitsu of Japan, who took office on 1 May 2017.
Abd al-Malik ibn Salih
ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī (Arabic: عبد الملك بن صالح بن علي) (Ἀβιμελέχ, Abimelech, in Greek sources; 750–812 CE) was a member of the Banu Abbas who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. He distinguished himself in several raids against the Byzantine Empire, but his great influence and authority in Syria resulted in Caliph Harun al-Rashid imprisoning him in 803. Released in 809, he was dispatched in 812 by Caliph al-Amin to gather troops against his brother al-Ma'mun in the ongoing civil war between the two brothers, but died of an illness.

Abbasid dynasty
The Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) until their conquest by the Ottoman Empire.
Level Access
Level Access is a digital accessibility company based in Arlington, Virginia.

It provides commercial software for testing web accessibility and creating accessible and legally compliant websites, mobile apps, software, and other digital experiences.

Computer accessibility
Computer accessibility refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability type, English literacy  or  digital fluency.  The term accessibility is most often used in reference to specialized hardware or software, or a combination of both, designed to enable the use of a computer by a person with a disability or impairment.

Accessibility is often abbreviated as the numeronym a11y, where the number 11 refers to the number of letters omitted.  This parallels the abbreviations of internationalization and localization as i18n and l10n, respectively.  Moreover, a11y is also listed on the USPTO Supplemental Register under Accessibility Now, Inc.
Beverly Breckenridge
Beverly Breckenridge is a musician, composer, and actress from Toronto, Ontario. She played bass for the bands Fifth Column and Phono-Comb.

In 1986, Beverly Breckenridge joined the post-punk band Fifth Column.

Beverly's first appearance on film was in No Skin Off My Ass, in 1991. In 2012, a documentary film by Kevin Hegge, called She Said Boom: The Story of Fifth Column was released featuring interviews with band members Caroline Azar, G.B. Jones, and Beverly Breckenrige, with commentary on the influence of Fifth Column by Kathleen Hanna, Vaginal Davis and Bruce LaBruce.

Lucy Thane
Lucy Thane (born 1967) is a British documentary filmmaker, event producer and performer, living in Folkestone. Her films include It Changed My Life: Bikini Kill in the UK (1993) and She's Real (Worse than Queer) (1997).
Cohere Technologies
Cohere Technologies is a telecoms software company based in San Jose, California that develops technology for boosting the network performance of 4G and 5G spectrum in wireless networks. Cohere holds the patents for the Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) 2D modulation technique used to improve the performance of 4G and 5G networks and is being considered as a waveform for the future 6G wireless standard.

Qualcomm
Qualcomm Incorporated (/ˈkwɒlkɒm/) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, and incorporated in Delaware. It creates semiconductors, software and services related to wireless technology. It owns patents critical to the 5G, 4G, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WCDMA mobile communications standards.

Qualcomm was established in 1985 by Irwin Jacobs and six others. Its early research into code-division multiple access (CDMA) wireless cell phone technology was funded by selling a two-way mobile digital satellite communications system known as Omnitracs. After a heated debate in the wireless industry, CDMA was adopted as a 2G standard in North America, with Qualcomm's patents incorporated. Afterwards, there was a series of legal disputes about pricing for licensing patents required by the standard.

Over the years, Qualcomm has expanded into selling semiconductor products in a predominantly fabless manufacturing model.
Roger Heman Sr.
Roger Heman Sr. (February 27, 1898 – March 14, 1969) was an American sound engineer. He won an Academy Award for Best Special Effects and was nominated for four more in the same category. He worked on more than 350 films during his career. His son was also a sound engineer.

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.
Severe weather terminology (Canada)
This article describes severe weather terminology used by the Meteorological Service of Canada, a branch within Environment and Climate Change Canada. The article primarily describes various weather warnings, and their criteria. Related weather scales and general weather terms are also addressed in this article. Some terms are specific to certain regions.

Canadian Hurricane Centre
The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC; French: Centre canadien de prévision des ouragans) is an organisation that monitors and warns of the threat of tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and tropical storms. CHC is a division of the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), which is in turn a branch of Environment and Climate Change Canada. Founded in 1987, CHC provides guidance to MSC's weather centres in eastern and Atlantic Canada, and is based in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.  CHC frequently consults with its United States counterpart, the National Hurricane Center in Miami, to coordinate the tracks and positions of storms that pose a threat to Canada.
Potomac State College of West Virginia University
WVU Potomac State College is a public college in Keyser, West Virginia, United States. It is part of the West Virginia University system. Potomac State College is located approximately 90 miles (140 km) east of West Virginia University's campus in Morgantown, West Virginia.

The college, with an enrollment of 1,193 in fall 2020, offers associate of arts, associate of applied science, and Bachelor of Applied Science degrees along with the Regents bachelor's degree.  In 2018, Potomac State College began offering West Virginia University’s Bachelor of Science in Nursing program on the Keyser campus with the first cohort of students graduating in spring 2021.

In addition to academic buildings, the campus includes two residence halls, a conference center, a performing arts center, a recreation center, a gymnasium and athletic fields. The college owns three farms totaling more than 800 acres (320 ha), supporting the only agricultural program in the region.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.