hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Wigglesworth (rugby union)
Richard Eric Peter Wigglesworth (born 9 June 1983) is an English rugby union coach and former professional player. He played over 400 club games for Sale Sharks, Saracens and Leicester Tigers, and holds the record for most appearances in the Premiership.  He has won seven Premiership titles - one with Sale, five with Saracens, and one with Leicester, as well as three European Rugby Champions Cups with Saracens.  Between 2008 and 2018 he won 33 caps for England.

2021–22 Premiership Rugby
The 2021–22 Premiership Rugby was the 35th season of the top flight of English domestic rugby union competition and the fourth to be sponsored by Gallagher. It is also the first since 1992–93 to feature thirteen teams. The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the ninth successive season with four league season games and the final also simulcast free-to-air on ITV. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown on ITV with extended highlights on BT Sport.

The reigning champions entering the season were Harlequins who claimed their 2nd title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the 2021 final. Saracens were promoted as champions from the 2020–21 RFU Championship at the first attempt.

Due to changes to the global rugby calendar implemented in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic causing a moratorium to be placed on relegation last season, the tournament features thirteen teams and will include an extra four rounds. The season would take place over 40 weeks.
Norwegian County Road 407
Norwegian county road 407 (Fylkesvei 407) is a Norwegian county road in Agder county, Norway.  The 13.9-kilometre (8.6 mi) highway runs between the village of Vik in Grimstad municipality and Sponvika on the south side of the city of Arendal in Arendal municipality.  Prior to the transportation reforms of 2010, this road was a Norwegian national road, but since then it was taken over by the county.

Norwegian county road
A Norwegian county road (Bokmål: fylkesvei or Nynorsk: fylkesveg) is a highway in Norway owned and maintained by the local county municipality.  Some of the roads have road signs.  The signs are white with black numbers.
International Junior Science Olympiad
The International Junior Science Olympiad (IJSO) is an annual science competition for students aged 15 and under. Students are eligible to participate as long as they are less than 16 years old on December 31st of the competition year. It is one of the International Science Olympiads and an international academical competition that covers physics, chemistry and biology at the same time. The first IJSO was held in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2004. Around 50 countries send delegations of three to six students, plus one to three team leaders, and observers.

The competition is broken down into three tests, each of which lasts between three and four hours. The theoretical portion consists of two tests: a multiple choice questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, and a theoretical test. The practical portion consists of three laboratory examinations, one for each field.

International Science Olympiad
The International Science Olympiads are a group of worldwide annual competitions in various areas of the formal sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences. The competitions are designed for the 4-6 best high school students from each participating country selected through internal National Science Olympiads, with the exception of the IOL, which allows two teams per country, the IOI, which allows two teams from the hosting country, and the IJSO, which is designed for junior secondary students and also allows two teams from the hosting country. Early editions of the first Olympiads were limited to the Eastern Bloc, but later they gradually spread to other countries.
Melvich
Melvich (from Norse Mel Vik – "sand dune bay" – rendered into Scottish Gaelic: A' Mhealbhaich) is a village in the county of Sutherland on the north coast of Scotland. It is situated on the A836 road, near the mouth of the River Halladale. It has a successful Gaelic choir.
The A897 road which runs from Helmsdale, through the Strath of Kildonan and past Kinbrace, terminates at Melvich.

Kinbrace
Kinbrace  is a small village in Sutherland in the Highland council area of Scotland. It lies at the junction of the A897 and B871 and is 17 miles (27 km) from Helmsdale by road. The village has a station on the Far North Line (also named Kinbrace). Few people live in the village, with the population standing at 51 in the 2011 Census.

The village is represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom constituency of Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross, where it is represented by Jamie Stone of the Scottish Liberal Democrats. It is represented in the Scottish Parliament by Maree Todd of the Scottish National Party.
Elections in Bougainville
Bougainville is an autonomous region in Papua New Guinea. At regional level, Bougainville elects a President and a House of Representatives. A non-binding independence referendum was held in 2019. In this referendum, 98% of voters voted in favour of independence.

2020 Bougainvillean general election
A presidential and parliamentary election was held in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville between 12 August and 1 September 2020. 440 candidates were contesting the 40 seats in the Bougainville House of Representatives, including 25 competing to be President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. The new government will negotiate the outcome of the 2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum, which saw 98.3% of voters supporting independence from Papua New Guinea.

Originally scheduled to be held in May, the elections were delayed twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic, first until June, and then again until August.

On 21 August 2020 the Electoral Commissioner announced that polling had almost been completed, one week ahead of schedule. On 24 August a police officer was suspended for allegedly interfering with the election. Several other officers are under investigation.
Gyland Station
Gyland Station (Norwegian: Gyland stasjon) is a railway station of the Sørlandet Line situated at Gyland in Flekkefjord, Norway. Located 453.53 kilometers (281.81 mi) from Oslo Central Station, it is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead Norge. In addition to intercity services to Oslo and Stavanger, the eight daily trains in each direction serve as a commuter link to Kristiansand, located 70 minutes away.

The station was opened on 17 December 1943 as part of the segment of the Sørlandet Line between Kristiasand and Sira. The line past the station was electrified from 18 February 1944. It received a station building designed by Gudmund Hoel. The station received centralized traffic control in 1969 and has been unstaffed since 1986. Gyland served 13,800 passengers in 2008.

Flekkefjord
Flekkefjord (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Flekkefjord. The villages of Sira, Gyland, Rasvåg, Kirkehavn, and Åna-Sira are located in Flekkefjord.

Flekkefjord is the westernmost municipality of the geographical region of Sørlandet. Flekkefjord is approximately midway between the cities of Kristiansand and Stavanger, located along European route E39 and the Sørlandet Line.

The 544-square-kilometre (210 sq mi) municipality is the 198th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Flekkefjord is the 121st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,216. The municipality's population density is 19.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (49/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Swarm Development Group
The Swarm Development Group (SDG) is an American non-profit organization to advance the development of complex adaptive system-oriented agent-based modeling (ABM) tools initiated at the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) in Santa Fe, New Mexico, US.

Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events. It is a "complex macroscopic collection" of relatively "similar and partially connected micro-structures" formed in order to adapt to the changing environment and increase their survivability as a macro-structure. The Complex Adaptive Systems approach builds on replicator dynamics.

The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.
Pinsker's inequality
In information theory, Pinsker's inequality, named after its inventor Mark Semenovich Pinsker, is an inequality that bounds the total variation distance (or statistical distance) in terms of the Kullback–Leibler divergence.
The inequality is tight up to constant factors.

Total variation
In mathematics, the total variation identifies several slightly different concepts, related to the (local or global) structure of the codomain of a function or a measure. For a real-valued continuous function f, defined on an interval [a, b] ⊂ R, its total variation on the interval of definition is a measure of the one-dimensional arclength of the curve with parametric equation x ↦ f(x), for x ∈ [a, b]. Functions whose total variation is finite are called functions of bounded variation.
L-semi-inner product
In mathematics, there are two different notions of semi-inner-product. The first, and more common, is that of an inner product which is not required to be strictly positive. This article will deal with the second, called a L-semi-inner product or semi-inner product in the sense of Lumer, which is an inner product not required to be conjugate symmetric. It was formulated by Günter Lumer,  for the purpose of extending Hilbert space type arguments to Banach spaces in functional analysis. Fundamental properties were later explored by Giles.

Additive map
In algebra, an additive map, -linear map or additive function is a function  that preserves the addition operation:

for every pair of elements  and  in the domain of ⁠⁠. For example, any linear map is additive. When the domain is the real numbers, this is Cauchy's functional equation. For a specific case of this definition, see additive polynomial.

More formally, an additive map is a -module homomorphism.  Since an abelian group is a -module, it may be defined as a group homomorphism between abelian groups.

A map  that is additive in each of two arguments separately is called a bi-additive map or a -bilinear map.
Pathirappally
Pathirappally is a coastal village in Alleppey District, Kerala state, India. It lies along the new coastal road, about 5 km from the town of Alleppey. It is a village in Mararikulam South and Aryad panchayats of Alappuzha district, Kerala.

Aryad
Aryad is one of the panchayaths in Alappuzha district in the Kerala state of southern India. It is divided into two parts: Aryad North and Aryad South. Aryad South is nearer to the municipal area. Subrahmanyapuram is the southern boundary and Komalapuram is the northern boundary of Aryad Panchayath. Komalapuram is in Aryad North.

An ancient mosque called the South Aryad Juma Masjid is situated there.
HD 71334
HD 71334 is a Sun-like star 128 light years (39 parsecs) from the Sun.  HD 71334 is a G-type star and an older solar analog. It is older than the sun at 8.1 billion years, compared to the sun at 4.6 billion years old. At 8.1 billion years old, HD 71334 has passed its stable burning stage. HD 71334 has a lower metallicity that the Sun. HD 71334 is found in the constellations of Puppis. Puppis is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. HD 71334 has a brightness of 7.8.

Puppis
Puppis ("stern") is a constellation in the southern sky. It was originally part of the traditional constellation of Argo Navis (Argo is the ship of Jason and the Argonauts), which was divided into three parts, the other two being Carina (the keel and hull), and Vela (the sails). Puppis is the largest of the three constellations in square degrees. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Raglan Range
The Raglan Range is located in Western Tasmania, east of the West Coast Range.

It is located on the northern side of the Franklin River, and to the south of the Lyell Highway.

Earlier European explorers burnt this range as early as 1859.

It is located in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

West Coast, Tasmania
The West Coast of Tasmania is one of the regions of Tasmania in Australia. It is mainly isolated rough country and is associated with wilderness, mining and tourism. It served as the location of a convict settlement in the early history of Van Diemen's Land, and contrasts sharply with the more developed and populous northern and eastern parts of the island state.
François Couchepin
François Couchepin (19 January 1935 – 23 February 2023) was a Swiss lawyer and politician who served as Chancellor of Switzerland from 1991 to 1999. He was a member of the now-defunct Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (FDP/PRD).

Chancellor of Switzerland
The federal chancellor is the head of the Federal Chancellery of Switzerland, the oldest Swiss federal institution, established at the initiative of Napoleon in 1803. The officeholder acts as the general staff of the seven-member Federal Council. The chancellor is not a member of the government and the office is not at all comparable to that of the chancellor of Germany or the chancellor of Austria, or to the United Kingdom's chancellor of the exchequer.

The current chancellor, Viktor Rossi, a member of the Green Liberal Party from Bern, was elected on 13 December 2023. He began his term on 1 January 2024.
Earl of Rothes
Earl of Rothes (pronounced "Roth-es") is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, first created in 1458 for George Leslie, 1st Lord Leslie. The heir apparent to the earldom uses the courtesy title Lord Leslie. The Earls of Rothes are the hereditary chiefs of Clan Leslie, with their family seat at Littlecroft, near West Milton, Dorset.

William Crundall
Sir William Henry Crundall (1847 ― February 25, 1934) was a wealthy timber merchant and politician from Dover, Kent, England who served as the Mayor of Dover a total of thirteen times between 1886 and 1910.
Compact closed category
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, compact closed categories are a general context for treating dual objects.  The idea of a dual object generalizes the more familiar concept of the dual of a finite-dimensional vector space.  So, the motivating example of a compact closed category is FdVect, the category having finite-dimensional vector spaces as objects and linear maps as morphisms, with tensor product as the monoidal structure. Another example is Rel, the category having sets as objects  and relations as morphisms, with Cartesian monoidal structure.

Cartesian monoidal category
In mathematics, specifically in the field known as category theory, a monoidal category where the monoidal ("tensor") product is the categorical product is called a cartesian monoidal category. Any category with finite products (a "finite product category") can be thought of as a cartesian monoidal category. In any cartesian monoidal category, the terminal object is the monoidal unit. Dually, a monoidal finite coproduct category with the monoidal structure given by the coproduct and unit the initial object is called a cocartesian monoidal category, and any finite coproduct category can be thought of as a cocartesian monoidal category.

Cartesian categories with an internal Hom functor that is an adjoint functor to the product are called Cartesian closed categories.
Nago dance
Nago dance is a warrior dance performed during the Rada rituals of Haitian Vodou in reference to Ogou or Shango. The dance is an invocation to the Loa (deity). It channels the warriors fire, emphasizing strength, sharp movements, and resilience.

Rada lwa
The Rada are a family of lwa spirits in the religion of Haitian Vodou. They are regarded as being sweet-tempered and "cool". In this, they contrast with the Petro lwa, which are regarded as volatile and "hot".
Tombstone mentality
In aviation air safety, a tombstone mentality informally is a pervasive attitude of ignoring design defects until people have died because of them.

Strictly speaking, tombstone mentality decisions are examples where there is no incentive for an economic actor to be a 'first mover' and promote safety.  Sometimes this is a result of market pressures (nobody wants to pay for extra safety, despite their talk), or, it may be a result of legal disincentives such as product liability lawsuits (if a design change is made that is not government approved and somebody is injured, even if the design change was not the reason for the injury, the company may be liable).

Aviation safety
Aviation safety is the study and practice of managing risks in aviation. This includes preventing aviation accidents and incidents through research, training aviation personnel, protecting passengers and the general public, and designing safer aircraft and aviation infrastructure.
The aviation industry is subject to significant regulations and oversight to reduce risks across all aspects of flight. Adverse weather conditions such as turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, and reduced visibility are also recognized as major contributing factors to aviation safety outcomes.

Aviation security is focused on protecting air travelers, aircraft and infrastructure from intentional harm or disruption, rather than unintentional mishaps.
JCSAT-2
JCSAT-2 was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Hughes (now Boeing) on the HS-393 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Japan Communications Satellite Company (JCSAT), which later merged into the JSAT Corporation. It had a Ku-band payload and operated on the 154° East longitude until it was replaced by JCSAT-2A.

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.
1995 Tokyo Indoor
The 1995 Tokyo Indoor also known as "Seiko Super Tennis" was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the IBM 1995 ATP Tour and was an ATP Championship Series event, today known as the ATP World Tour 500 series. The tournament was held from 9 October through 15 October 1995. Matches were the best of three sets. This was last time the tournament would be held.

1995 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Hobby horse
In folklore, a hobby horse is a costumed character that features in some traditional seasonal customs, processions and similar observances around the world.  In England, they are particularly associated with May Day celebrations, mummers' plays and the Morris dance.

Totem
A totem (from Ojibwe: ᑑᑌᒼ or ᑑᑌᒻ 'doodem') is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe, such as in the Anishinaabe clan system.

While the word totem itself is an anglicisation of the Ojibwe term (and both the word and beliefs associated with it are part of the Ojibwe language and culture), belief in tutelary spirits and deities is not limited to the Ojibwe people. Similar concepts, under differing names and with variations in beliefs and practices, may be found in a number of cultures worldwide. The term has also been adopted, and at times redefined, by anthropologists and philosophers of different cultures.

Contemporary neoshamanic, New Age, and mythopoetic men's movements not otherwise involved in the practice of a traditional, tribal religion have been known to use "totem" terminology for the personal identification with a tutelary spirit or spirit guide.
2025 British Touring Car Championship
The 2025 Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (commonly abbreviated as BTCC) was a motor racing championship for production-based touring cars held across England and Scotland. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded amateur drivers competing in highly modified versions of family cars which are sold to the general public and conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2025 season was the 68th British Touring Car Championship season, the 15th season for cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) technical specification.

This was the first season using 100% renewable fuels, with the hybrid boost being removed and being replaced with turbo boost. While the amount of power boost stayed the same the weight will be reduced by 55 kg (121 lb). In another change to the 2024 season all uses of boost were removed from the timing screens, however was still be visible to viewers at home and at the track.

Excelr8 Motorsport
EXCELR8 Motorsport is a British racing team that is headed by Justina Williams, and is currently competing in both the MINI CHALLENGE and British Touring Car Championship, the latter under the Team VERTU name.
1996 Brickyard 400
The 1996 Brickyard 400, the 3rd running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on August 3, 1996, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. The race was the nineteenth of the 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won the pole position with a speed of 176.419 miles per hour (283.919 km/h), while Robert Yates Racing's Dale Jarrett won the race.

The track had been repaved, and speeds had been reported to have increased by 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h).

1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 48th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 25th modern-era NASCAR Cup series. The season had been started on February 18 at Daytona International Speedway, and ended on November 10 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. The season would be remembered for Terry Labonte pulling off a massive upset and winning his second Winston Cup Championship over teammate Jeff Gordon.

Pontiac’s struggles in 1995 carried over to 1996, scoring just one win in the Dura Lube 500 with Bobby Hamilton. Hamilton was also the only Pontiac driver to finish in the top ten in points standings, placing ninth.