hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sardinian Shepherd Dog
The Sardinian Shepherd Dog or Fonni's Dog (Sardinian: cane fonnesu or cani sardu antigu; Italian: pastore fonnese) is an ancient landrace breed of Sardinian dog used as a herding, catching, and livestock guardian dog.

Although there are depictions dating back to at least the mid-19th century, it is not recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. It has gained a recognition of the Alianza Canina Latina.

The breed, which is indigenous to the island, was founded with approximately 170 specimens gathered from rural parts of inner Sardinia. The breed is, therefore, a landrace. Because of the large number of founders and the breed's genetic variability, the breed should enjoy relative freedom from genetic inbreeding. Most of the dog breeds are derived by a very small number of founders (for example, nine dogs were used as founders of the Siberian Husky) and therefore inbreeding tends to be high, resulting in a high incidence of illness due to gene mutations.

Livestock guardian dog
The livestock guardian or flock guardian dog is a type of dog bred to protect livestock from predators.

Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd. Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age. Unlike herding dogs which control the movement of livestock, they blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock. They confront predators with vocal intimidation, barking and displaying aggression. This is often enough to ward off predators; dogs may attack or fight with those that cannot be driven away.
Silicyne
Silicynes are allotropes of silicon.

1-dimensional silicyne is analogous to the carbon allotrope carbyne, being a long chain of silicons, instead of carbons. It is amorphous silicon with sp hybridization of the valence electrons. Silicyne is a single linear molecule composed of just silicon atoms. One of the manners they are bonded to each other in a succession of double-bonded silicons, analogous to the situation of carbon found in cumulene. The other manner they may be bonded to each other is a succession of alternating single and triple-bonded silicons, analogous to the situation of carbon found in polyyne.

2-dimensional silicyne is analogous to the carbon allotrope graphyne, and similar to the silicon allotrope silicene, being a sheet of silicon atoms. In this form, the silicyne chains that link the silicene hexagons use disilyne bonding alternating with disilane bonding, analogous to polyyne.

Silicene
Silicene is a two-dimensional allotrope of silicon, with a hexagonal honeycomb structure similar to that of graphene. Contrary to graphene, silicene is not flat, but has a periodically buckled topology; the coupling between layers in silicene is much stronger than in multilayered graphene; and the oxidized form of silicene, 2D silica, has a very different chemical structure from graphene oxide.
2022–23 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup
The 2022–23 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup was the 27th edition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's annual football cup, and the twenty second season of the unified competition.

Velež Mostar were the defending champions. Zrinjski Mostar won the cup after beating Velež in the final.

2023 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup final
The 2023 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup final was an association football match played at Bilino Polje Stadium in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on 17 May 2023. Velež Mostar and Zrinjski Mostar were the finalists, making it the first Mostar derby in a cup final.

Zrinjski won the trophy for the second time in the club's history.
1933 Balkan Cup
The 1933 Balkan Cup was the fourth Balkan Cup football tournament. The national teams of Yugoslavia, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania took part and it was won by Romania, the host of the tournament. Remarkably, Romania didn't concede a single goal throughout the whole tournament. The top goalscorers were Gheorghe Ciolac and Ștefan Dobay (both Romania) with 4 goals each.

Balkan Cup
The Balkan Cup (officially Coupe Balkanique de Football) was an international association football competition contested on and off from 1929 to 1980 by countries from the Balkans region. The most successful team was Romania with four titles.
Ingleby, Lincolnshire
Ingleby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Saxilby with Ingleby, in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated less than 1 mile (1.6 km) north from the village of Saxilby, and 6 miles (10 km) north-west of Lincoln.

Ingleby comprised three areas, North Ingleby, South Ingleby and Low Ingleby.

Ingleby is recorded three times as "Englebi" in the Domesday Book; in 1086 it comprised 38 households, which for the time was considered very large.

In North Ingleby there are earthworks of a scheduled manor complex centred on a moated enclosure now occupied by Ingleby Hall Farm. Documents in 1569–70 record a Deer Park in the area.  It is also believed there was a church or chapel here – Saxilby church has a list of incumbents for Ingleby church – dating from 1086 to 1416.

At South Ingleby there are earthworks for another manor, an island refuge contained within a moat, on the site of Ingleby Grange.

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.
Machhiwara
Machhiwara is a city in the Samrala tehsil of Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. Machhiwara is famous for Gurudwara Sri Charan Kanwal Sahib associated with Guru Gobind Singh ji and named after the Guru's feet that are compared to the lotus flower.

The Ghorewaha were given the title of Mian by Emperor Jehangir. During Emperor Akbar's time, the Ghorewaha Raja was Rana Udho II, The Raja of Machhiwara, Rana Udho actively assisted Emperor Akbar in his fight for the Delhi Throne, he captured the rebellious Bairam Khan and subsequently the Raja was allowed to retain the Jagir of Rahon worth 750 villages. The division of the Ghorewaha country took place after Rana Udho's death when all the Branches were Hindu, including that of the famed Rai Rup Chand. The principal Jagirs were taken, Rahon by the Tikka and Jadla by Bhoj Singh, who returned from Jaipur.

Samrala
Samrala is a city and a municipal council in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is about 35 km east of the district headquarters Ludhiana, on the highway to Chandigarh. Samrala is a Class III Municipality. It is also known for the oldest tehsil situated in this city. It is also believed that the name Samrala came from the name of two brothers Sama and Rala.
Autumn (Subtle EP)
Autumn is the second EP by American alternative hip hop sextet Subtle. It was released in 2002 on the A Purple 100 label.

The tracks "Arsenic Chic" and "Earthsick" also appear on Earthsick, a compilation of material from the group's Season EPs.

Earthsick
Earthsick is an album by American alternative hip hop sextet Subtle. It was released after the success of their first album A New White in the underground hip hop community.

It is a compilation of what the band considered to be the best of the four previously released Season EPs, which are now out of print. Tracks 11 through 14 are previously unreleased material from a winter solstice session recorded the previous year and are, like the Winter EP, completely improvised with no overdubs.
John Jervis (MP for Horsham)
John Jervis (1826–1860) was an English politician.

The son of John Jervis, he was briefly a Member of Parliament (MP) for Horsham from 28 July 1847 until his election was declared void on 23 March 1848.

John Jervis (judge)
Sir John Jervis, PC (12 January 1802 – 1 November 1856) was an English lawyer, law reformer and Attorney General in the administration of Lord John Russell. He subsequently became a judge and enjoyed a career as a robust but intelligent and innovative jurist, a career cut short by his early and sudden death.
Pearl Jansen
Pearl Gladys Jansen (sometimes spelled Janssen, born 17 June 1950 in Bonteheuwel) is a South African singer and beauty pageant titleholder who was first runner-up in the Miss World beauty contest in the UK in 1970. She was the first coloured woman to represent her country at this level. She competed as "Miss Africa South" due to apartheid.

Jennifer Hosten
Jennifer Hosten  (born 31 October 1947) is a Grenadian radio announcer, development worker, diplomat, author, model and beauty queen who won the Miss World 1970 contest, representing Grenada. She became the first black woman and the first woman from her country to win the title. The whole contest had been controversial even before the result had been announced. Afterwards allegations were made about the influence of the Prime Minister of Grenada, who was on the judging panel.

She was born in St. George's, Grenada. She was 23 when she won the Miss World contest in November 1970, and so the more likely of the two dates of birth that are reported is 31 October 1947.  She studied in London and then worked for the BBC's Caribbean radio service before becoming a flight attendant.
Nundah Air Raid Shelter
Nundah Air Raid Shelter is a heritage-listed former air raid shelter and now public toilets at Sandgate Road, Nundah, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Frank Gibson Costello and built c. 1942 by Brisbane City Council. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005.

Sandgate Road
Sandgate Road is a major road in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It provides part of the road connection between Redcliffe and the Brisbane CBD. It is designated state route 26 throughout most of its length.

The road is divided for the majority of its route, ranging from 4 to 6 lanes in some rare places with the majority of the road being 2 to 4 lanes. It also includes a tunneled section (the George Bridges Tunnel named after local pioneer George Bridges) underneath the town centre of Nundah. It also passes the now closed and demolished Toombul Shopping Centre opposite Toombul station.

According to surveys by the RACQ, Sandgate Road is one of the states 10 most frustrating roads.

At Clayfield, the road crosses the Doomben railway line via an overpass.
Aetosaurinae
Aetosaurinae is one of the two main clades of aetosaurs, the other being Desmatosuchia. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to Aetosaurus than Desmatosuchus. Aetosaurinae currently comprises Aetosaurus, similar forms such as Coahomasuchus and Stenomyti, and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade Typothoracinae.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Wilkins Aerodrome
Wilkins Aerodrome is a single-runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but 40 km (25 mi) southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.

Wilkes Land
Wilkes Land is a large district of land in eastern Antarctica, formally claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory, though this claim has been held in abeyance for the period of the operation of the Antarctic Treaty, to which Australia is a signatory.
Operation Winterzauber
Operation Winterzauber (also translated into English as Operation Winter Magic) was an anti-partisan operation from 15 February to 30 March 1943 aimed at creating a depopulated zone of 30–40 km (19–25 mi) along the Belarusian–Latvian border. It was mainly conducted by Latvian collaborators under German command in northern Belarus and in Sebezhsky District in Russia. In the Soviet Union, the operation became known as the Osveya Tragedy. The Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation has described Operation Winterzauber as a crime against humanity.

Salaspils camp
The Salaspils concentration camp (Latvian: Salaspils koncentrācijas nometne; German: Lager Kurtenhof) was a Nazi concentration camp located near Salaspils, Latvia from 1941 to 1944. It was the largest civilian concentration camp in the Baltic states during World War II.

Salaspils camp was established by Rudolf Lange as a prison camp for the Sicherheitspolizei but it soon developed into a de facto concentration camp operated by the Schutzstaffel (SS). Its prisoner population was variable, including Jews deported from Central Europe, political prisoners, Latvian anti-Nazi partisans, and Latvian pro-Nazi collaborators. An estimated 2,000 to 3,000 people died at Salaspils due to the deplorable living conditions, and the camp has had a lasting legacy in Latvian and Russian culture due to the severity of the treatment, especially with regard to child prisoners. Memorials to the victims were erected in 1967 and 2004.
Syssel
A syssel is a historical type of country subdivision in Denmark and elsewhere in Scandinavia. The mediaeval Danish sysler may be compared to the fylker of Norway, the landskap of Sweden and Finland, the shires of England and Scotland, and the Gaue of the Holy Roman Empire. A syssel was subdivided into a number of hundreds or herreder.

The name still can be found in the Danish district of Vendsyssel, as well as in a governmental title, sýslumenn, in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Svalbard.

Gau (territory)
Gau (German: [ɡaʊ] ⓘ; Dutch: gouw [ɣʌu] ⓘ; West Frisian: gea [ɡɪə] or goa [ɡoə]) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or current province. It was used in the Middle Ages, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu.
The Anthology... So Far
The Anthology... So Far is a triple live compilation album by English rock musician Ringo Starr and his All Starr Band. It was released in the United Kingdom on 5 February 2001 by Eagle Records and on 24 July in the United States by Koch Records. The album includes material from 1990's Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band, 1993's Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux and 1997's Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band Volume 1, along with previously unreleased live recordings from 1995, 1997 and 2000.

The live anthology includes songs performed by Starr's bandmates from the various line-ups of the All-Starr tours between 1989 and 2000. Among these artists are Randy Bachman, Gary Brooker, Jack Bruce, Eric Carmen, Felix Cavaliere, Clarence Clemons, Burton Cummings, Rick Danko, Dr. John, Dave Edmunds, John Entwistle, Mark Farner, Peter Frampton, Levon Helm, Jim Keltner, Simon Kirke, Nils Lofgren, Billy Preston, Todd Rundgren, Timothy B. Schmit and Joe Walsh.

Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band Volume 1
Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band, Volume 1 is a limited edition live album by Ringo Starr and his All-Starr Band, recorded at the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, Japan. It was released on 12 August 1997 by Blockbuster for $5.99. The All-Starr Band included the return of the keyboardist Billy Preston from the First All-Starr Band, and Starr's son Zak Starkey continuing from on from the Second All-Starr Band.
Government High School Chotian
Government High School Chotian is a boarding-cum-day school located in Chotian, Lehragaga, 
Sangrur district, Punjab, India, run by the Department of Education of the Government of Punjab, India. The school is affiliated to the Punjab School Education Board and covered under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan scheme run by the Indian Government, which provides free text books and midday meals to all students.

Sangrur district
Sangrur district is in the state of Punjab in northern India. Sangrur city is the district headquarters. It is one of the five districts in Patiala Division in the Indian state of Punjab. Neighbouring districts are Malerkotla (north), Barnala (west), Patiala (east), Mansa (southwest) and Fatehabad (Haryana) and Jind (Haryana) (south).

Sangrur consists of the cities of Dhuri, Lehragaga,  Sangrur, and Sunam. Other cities are Bhawanigarh, Dirba, Khanauri, Longowal, Cheema and Moonak. There are 7 sub-divisions, being Sangrur, Dhuri, Sunam, Lehragaga, Moonak, Bhawanigarh and Dirba. Till 2006, Barnala was also a part of Sangrur district, but now it is a separate district. In 2021, a new district Malerkotla district, consisting of Malerkotla and Ahmedgarh subdivisions and the Amargarh sub-tehsil, was formed out of Sangrur district.
Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment
The Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) was a technology demonstration on the NASA Mars 2020 rover Perseverance investigating the production of oxygen on Mars. On April 20, 2021, MOXIE produced oxygen from carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere by using solid oxide electrolysis. This was the first experimental extraction of a natural resource from another planet for human use. The technology may be scaled up for use in a human mission to the planet to provide breathable oxygen, oxidizer, and propellant; water may also be produced by combining the produced oxygen with hydrogen.

The experiment was a collaboration between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Haystack Observatory, the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with OxEon Energy.

Technology demonstration
A technology demonstration (or tech demo), also known as demonstrator model, is a prototype, rough example or otherwise incomplete version of a conceivable product or future system, put together as proof of concept with the primary purpose of showcasing the possible applications, feasibility, performance and method of an idea for a new technology. They can be used as demonstrations to the investors, partners, journalists or even to potential customers in order to convince them of the viability of the chosen approach, or to test them on ordinary users.
Warner Hutton House
The Warner Hutton House is a historic house in Saratoga, California. It was built in 1896 for Warner Hutton. Hutton was born in New York, and he inherited landholdings from his father, a fruit farmer. The house was acquired by the city of Saratoga in 1987.

The house was designed in the Queen Anne architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 17, 2006.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Clara County, California
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Santa Clara County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 120 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Ruthenium anti-cancer drugs
Ruthenium anti-cancer drugs are coordination complexes of ruthenium complexes that have anticancer properties.  They promise to provide alternatives to platinum-based drugs for anticancer therapy.  No ruthenium anti-cancer drug has been commercialized.

Since 1979, when  Cisplatin entered clinical trials, there has been continuing interest in alternative metal-based drugs.  The leading ruthenium-based candidates are BOLD-100 and TLD-1433. Other ruthenium based therapeutics that have been tested clinically include NAMI-A and KP1019. The first ruthenium-based drug to enter clinical trials was NAMI-A. More ruthenium drugs are still under development. Ruthenium complexes as anticancer drugs were originally designed to mimic platinum drugs for targeting DNA, but emerging ruthenium compounds have shown a variety of mechanisms of actions, which include ROS generation, and as Endoplasmic reticulum stress agents.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Bilal Town
Bilal Town is a wealthy northeastern suburb of Abbottabad, Pakistan. The National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA Abbottabad) has an office there and it lies between central Abbottabad and Kakul, where the Pakistan Military Academy is located. The upper-class neighbourhood contains some large houses and open fields and has a high number of retired military officials living in the community.

The majority of the Population are Tanolis, Karlals and Jadoons.

Kakol, Abbottabad
Kakol, also known as Kakul, is a village situated in Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkwa province of Pakistan.  It is part of Abbottabad Tehsil and is located 5 km northeast of the centre of Abbottabad city near the Thandiani Hills at an elevation of 1532 metres.

Kakul is known for being the site of the Pakistan Military Academy, also known as PMA Kakul, it is the Officer Training Academy of the Pakistan Army. The posterior gate of PMA is also named as Kakul gate owing to its proximity with the village.
Morro do Estado
Morro do Estado (Portuguese for State Hill) is a hill and one of the 48 administrative districts in the city of Niterói,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The neighborhood lies in the southern zone of the city, neighboring Ingá and Icaraí.

The hill has a favela (Brazilian slum) district, that is very poor and often violent.

Icaraí
Icaraí is the name of a beach and its surrounding neighborhood in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The origin of the neighborhood dates back to the parish of São João de Carahy and later, with two large estates, the Icaraí estate and the Cavalão estate.

The name "Icaraí" comes from an ancient Tupinambá village called Akara'y (recorded as Acara-u by Jean de Léry). It means "river of acarás", derived from the composition of akará and 'y.
Vilainiai Eldership
Vilainiai Eldership (Lithuanian: Vilainių seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the central-northern part of Kėdainiai District Municipality.

Eldership was created in 2001, as a result of the merging of Aristava Eldership and part of Kėdainiai City Eldership.

Kėdainiai City Eldership
Kėdainiai City Eldership (Lithuanian: Kėdainių miesto seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in a central part of Kėdainiai District Municipality. It covers the city of Kėdainiai, which is its administrative seat, and surrounding areas.