hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catalan number
The Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively defined objects. They are named after Eugène Catalan, though they were previously discovered in the 1730s by Minggatu.

The n-th Catalan number can be expressed directly in terms of the central binomial coefficients by

The first Catalan numbers for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... are

1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 42, 132, 429, 1430, 4862, 16796, 58786, ... (sequence A000108 in the OEIS).

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Namazgjah, Elbasan
The Namazgâh or Namazgjah (Albanian: Namazgjahu) was an open air prayer terrace in Elbasan, Albania. It became a Cultural Monument of Albania in 1980. But nowadays, its place was transformed into a bus station. The Namazgâh is shown on postcards as well as during prayers in Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr on posters.

The name Namazgâh is from Persian نمازگاه and means 'Place of Prayer'.

Cultural Monument of Albania
In Albania, a cultural monument (Albanian: monument kulture) is a construction or work of cultural, historical and artistic value that is built in a visible space, made in memory of important events or prominent people. Cultural monuments are usually under state protection as they are evidence of the history of human development, for the preservation of which there is a public interest.
Adrián Campos Jr.
Adrián Campos-Suñer Torres (born 5 October 1988 in Valencia) is a former Spanish racing driver who is now the team principal of Campos Racing on the European FIA ladder.

Campos has competed in such series as the European F3 Open Championship (formerly the Spanish Formula Three Championship). He signed to compete in the 2010 Indy Lights season in the United States. Campos finished sixth in points with a best finish of fourth three times, including back-to-back oval races to close out the season, and had the fastest lap of the race at Kentucky Speedway. He placed second among rookie competitors, only behind series champion Jean-Karl Vernay.

Jean-Karl Vernay
Jean-Karl "J. K." Vernay (born 31 October 1987) is a French professional racing driver. He was 2010 Indy Lights and 2017 TCR International Series champion. He has won races at the World Touring Car Cup, where he finished fifth in 2018 and won the WTCR Trophy in 2020.
Timeline of Irish National Liberation Army actions
This is the
Timeline of Irish National Liberation Army actions (Irish National Liberation Army actions, INLA), an Irish republican socialist paramilitary group. Most of these actions took place as part of its 1975–1998 campaign during "the Troubles" in Northern Ireland. The INLA did not start claiming responsibility for its actions under the INLA name until January 1976 at which point they had already killed 12 people, before then they used the names People's Liberation Army (PLA) and People's Republican Army (PRA) to claim its attacks.

Springfield Road
The Springfield Road (Irish: Bóthar Chluanaí) is a residential area and road traffic thoroughfare adjacent to the Falls Road in west Belfast. The local population is predominantly Irish nationalist and republican. Along parts of the road are several interface areas with the neighbouring Ulster loyalist areas of the Greater Shankill. The Springfield Road includes the Ballymurphy and New Barnsley districts and is overlooked by Black Mountain and Divis.
2014 UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 time trial
The Men's under-23 time trial of the 2014 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around Ponferrada, Spain on 22 September 2014. The course of the race was 36.15 km (22.46 mi) with the start and finish in Ponferrada.

The world title was won by Australia's Campbell Flakemore – who finished fourth in the event in 2013 – and in the process, became the fourth Australian rider in the last six years to win the title. Flakemore completed the course just 0.48 seconds quicker than the silver medallist Ryan Mullen of the Republic of Ireland, while the bronze medal was taken by Swiss rider Stefan Küng, 9.22 seconds behind Flakemore.

2014 UCI Road World Championships
The 2014 UCI Road World Championships took place in Ponferrada, Spain, from 21 to 28 September 2014. The cycling championships consisted of 12 events for elite, under-23 and junior cyclists. It was the 81st UCI Road World Championships and the seventh time that Spain had hosted the championships; they were previously held in Lasarte in 1965, Montjuïc in 1973, Barcelona in 1984, Benidorm in 1992, San Sebastián in 1997 and Madrid in 2005.
Bicidyahan
The Bicidyahan (Somali: Reer Bicidyahan, Arabic: بعديهن) are Somali sub-clan part of the larger Majeerteen branch of Darod clans. Bicidyahan is the nickname of Ali Ibrahim Jibra'il, the forefather of the clan.

Galkayo
Galkayo (Somali: Gaalkacyo, Arabic: جالكعيو, Italian: Gallacaio also known as Rocca Littorio) is the third-largest city in Somalia and serves as the capital of the north-central Mudug region.

Geographically, Galkayo is divided into four main quarters: Garsoor, Horumar, Israac, and Wadajir. Galkayo is divided between the regional states of Puntland and Galmudug. It serves as the capital of the Galkayo District as well as the Mudug region, and it has grown considerably in recent times, becoming a commercial hub connecting southern Somalia with the northern parts of the country.
NGC 5806
NGC 5806 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 24 February 1786. It is located about 70 million light-years (21 Megaparsecs) away from the Milky Way. It is a member of the NGC 5846 Group.

Type Ib and Ic supernovae
Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive  stars. These stars have shed or been stripped of their outer envelope of hydrogen, and, when compared to the spectrum of Type Ia supernovae, they lack the absorption line of silicon. Compared to Type Ib, Type Ic supernovae are hypothesized to have lost more of their initial envelope, including most of their helium.
2023 UK Open
The 2023 Cazoo UK Open was a  darts tournament staged by the Professional Darts Corporation. It was the twenty-first year of the tournament where players compete in a single-elimination tournament to be crowned champion. The tournament was held at Butlin's Minehead, England, between 3–5 March 2023.

Danny Noppert was the defending champion after defeating Michael Smith 11–10 in the 2022 final to win his first major title, but he lost to William O'Connor 10–9 in the fifth round.

Andrew Gilding won his first major title, beating Michael van Gerwen 11–10 in a last leg decider when van Gerwen missed a dart at double 16 to win the match and the title. He became the oldest man to win a major TV title in his debut PDC final appearance.

UK Open
The Ladbrokes UK Open is a ranking major darts tournament held annually at the Butlins Minehead Resort by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) in England. The event is often referred to as the "FA Cup of darts" as it has an unseeded open draw made after each round, and entry is open to players at all levels of darts. One-hundred-and-sixty players compete in the multi-board event over eight-stages before the PDC’s Top 32 enter the tournament in the fourth round. The tournament has a prize fund of £600,000; the victor’s prize is £110,000.
Berachampa
Berachampa (also known as Berachanpa) is a census town in the Deganga CD block in the Barasat Sadar subdivision in the Deganga CD block of the North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
2011 CSIO Gijón
The 2011 CSIO Gijón was the 2011 edition of the Spanish official show jumping horse show, at Las Mestas Sports Complex in Gijón. It was held as CSIO 5*.

This edition of the CSIO Gijón was held between August 31 and September 5.

CSI Gijón
The International Show Jumping Contest of Gijón, commonly known as CSI Gijón or CSIO Gijón when it becomes official, is a show jumping event held in Gijón, Spain, at the Las Mestas Sports Complex.

It was a CSI 5* until 2022, and it is a CSI4* since then. One of the main characteristics of the event is the fact that betting is allowed and very popular among spectators.
2003 Parapan American Games
The 2003 Parapan American Games, officially the II Pan American Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, celebrated in the tradition of the Parapan American Games as governed by the Americas Paralympic Committee in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Over 1,500 athletes from 28 countries competed in the games. The games served as a qualifier for the 2004 Summer Paralympics. For the second time, the Parapan American Games were held in the same year but at a different location than the Pan American Games; however, the games were initially supposed to be held in the Dominican Republic, but they were unable to host them due financial problems and infrastructure failures. This was the last year that the two events would be held in different cities, as the 2007 Parapan American Games and 2007 Pan American Games were both held in Rio de Janeiro.

2007 Parapan American Games
The 2007 Parapan American Games, officially the III Parapan American Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, celebrated in the tradition of the Parapan American Games as governed by the Americas Paralympic Committee, held from August 12 to 19, 2007 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Organized by the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee (CO-Rio 2007) and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee (CPB), it marked the first time that the Parapan American Games were staged in the same city and followed directly after the Pan American Games.
Brat Tor
Brat Tor, also known as Brai Tor and Widgery Tor, is a dramatic granite tor on the western flank of Dartmoor, England. It is best known for Widgery Cross, the tallest Dartmoor cross, which stands on its summit. It is, however, not as grand as other neighbouring tors, such as the imposing Great Links Tor and Hare Tor. It stands at 454 metres above sea level.

Great Links Tor
Great Links Tor is a prominent tor on the north-western flank of Dartmoor, Devon, England. It is visible for a considerable distance on the approach to the moor from the west. It is one of the highest points on Dartmoor, standing 1,939 feet (591 m) above sea level and is dominated by a monolithic outcropping of granite some 40 feet (12 m) high. There is an OS Triangulation point on a block to the west of the main outcrop, which is where most who visit the tor will climb to. The highest outcrop is inaccessible without a climb, the easiest route being up the eastern chimely (grade D). Other routes can be found here. Close by are the remains of the Rattlebrook Peat Works at Rattlebrook Head and the ruins of the appropriately named 'Bleak House'.

50°39′N 4°03′W﻿ / ﻿50.650°N 4.050°W﻿ / 50.650; -4.050
NGC 1404
NGC 1404 is an elliptical galaxy in the Southern constellation Eridanus. It was discovered on November 28, 1837, by the astronomer John Herschel. Based on the tip of the red-giant branch distance indicator, it lies at a distance of approximately 60 million light-years from the Milky Way. It is one of the brightest members of the Fornax Cluster.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
1st North Carolina Infantry Regiment (Union)
The 1st North Carolina Union Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a military unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War recruited from coastal counties in North Carolina. The Regiment was made up of Southern Unionists and deserters from the Confederate Army, and fought in several battles in North Carolina before being disbanded in the summer of 1865.

Washington, North Carolina
Washington is a city in and the county seat of Beaufort County, North Carolina, United States, located on the northern bank of the Pamlico River. The population was 9,875 at the 2020 census. It is commonly known as "Original Washington" or "Little Washington" to distinguish it from Washington, D.C.  The closest major city is Greenville, approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the west.

Established in 1776 on land donated by Col. James Bonner, Washington is the first city named after George Washington, the first president of the United States.
They Drive by Night (1938 film)
They Drive by Night is a 1938 British black-and-white crime thriller film directed by Arthur B. Woods and starring Emlyn Williams and Ernest Thesiger. It was produced by Warner Bros. - First National Productions and based on the 1938 novel They Drive by Night by James Curtis.

The picture is not to be confused with the 1940 American film They Drive by Night, based on a different novel and featuring George Raft and Humphrey Bogart, and also a Warner Bros. film. This British film also has the alternative title, perhaps only in the United States, of Murder on the Run.

They Drive by Night
They Drive by Night is a 1940 American film noir directed by Raoul Walsh and starring George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Humphrey Bogart, and featuring Gale Page, Alan Hale, Roscoe Karns, John Litel and George Tobias. The picture involves a pair of embattled truck drivers and was released in the UK under the title The Road to Frisco. The film was based on A. I. Bezzerides' 1938 novel Long Haul, which was later reprinted under the title They Drive by Night to capitalize on the success of the film.

Part of the film's plot  – that of Ida Lupino's character murdering her husband by carbon monoxide poisoning – was borrowed from another Warner Bros. film, Bordertown (1935) with Paul Muni and Bette Davis.
Bartolomé de Argüelles
Bartolomé de Argüelles (?  - ?) was the lieutenant treasurer, royal accountant and co-interim governor of La Florida (1595–1597) with Alonso de las Alas and Juan Menéndez Márquez. He served as lieutenant treasurer during the administration of governor Pedro Menéndez de Márquez (1577-1594).

Pedro Menéndez Márquez
Pedro Menéndez Márquez (c.1537 – 1600) was a Spanish military officer, conquistador, and governor of Spanish Florida. He was a nephew of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, who had been appointed adelantado (an elite military and administrative position) of La Florida by King Philip II. Márquez was also related to Diego de Velasco, Hernando de Miranda, Gutierre de Miranda, Juan Menéndez Márquez, and Francisco Menéndez Márquez, all of whom served as governors of La Florida.
Isola dei Pescatori
Isola dei Pescatori (meaning Fishermen's Island) is an island in Lake Maggiore in northern Italy. As the most northerly of the three principal Borromean Islands it is also known as Isola Superiore and, with a population of 25 in 2018, it is the only one to be inhabited all year round. Unlike Isola Bella and Isola Madre, the island has never belonged to the Borromeo family.

House of Borromeo
The House of Borromeo is an Italian noble family. They started as merchants in San Miniato around 1300 and became bankers in Milan after 1370. Vitaliano de' Vitaliani, who acquired the name of Borromeo from his uncle Giovanni, became the count of Arona in 1445. His descendants played important roles in the politics of the Duchy of Milan and as cardinals in the Catholic Reformation. In 1916, the head of the family was granted the title Prince of Angera (Principe di Angera) by the King of Italy.

The best known members of the family were the cardinals and archbishops of Milan, Carlo (1538–1584), who was canonized by Pope Paul V in 1610, and Federico (1564–1631), who founded the Ambrosian Library. The figure of the Borromean rings, which forms part of the family's coat of arms, is well known in the diverse fields of topology, psychoanalysis, and theology.
Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
As of May 2022, 160 monks, nuns, and ordinary people have self-immolated in Tibet and surrounding regions since 27 February 2009, when Tapey, a young monk from Kirti Monastery, set himself on fire in the marketplace in Ngawa City, Ngawa County, Sichuan. According to the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT), "Chinese police have beaten, shot, isolated, and disappeared self-immolators who survived."

In 2011, a wave of self-immolations by Tibetans in Tibet, as well as in India and Nepal, occurred after the self-immolation of Phuntsog of 16 March 2011 in Ngawa County, Sichuan. Protests are ongoing.

International Campaign for Tibet
The International Campaign for Tibet (ICT) is a non-profit advocacy group working to promote democratic freedoms for Tibetans, ensure their human rights, and protect Tibetan culture and the environment. Founded in 1988, ICT is the world's largest Tibet-related NGO, with several thousand members and strong bases of support in North America and Europe. On March 15, 2018, the ICT marked 30 years and received a video message from the Dalai Lama.

The International Campaign for Tibet works to promote self-determination, human rights, and democratic freedoms for the Tibetan people, and negotiations between the 14th Dalai Lama and the People's Republic of China.

ICT is a member of International Federation for Human Rights.
2023 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 2023 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by fifth-year head coach Jim McElwain and played their home games at Kelly/Shorts Stadium as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).  They finished the season 5–7 and 3–5 in conference play

The Central Michigan Chippewas football team drew an average home attendance of 16,350 in 2023.

Kelly/Shorts Stadium
Kramer/Deromedi Field at Kelly/Shorts Stadium is an American football stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. It serves as the home field for the Central Michigan University Chippewas.  The stadium opened in 1972 and holds 35,127 spectators, making it the largest on-campus stadium in the Mid-American Conference.  It is located on the southeast part of campus, along with most of the other athletic facilities. The playing surface is named Kramer/Deromedi Field after former coaches Roy Kramer and Herb Deromedi.
Redes Natural Park
The Redes Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Natural de Redes) is located in the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. Its total area is 377.36 km2 (145.70 sq mi), split between two municipalities: Caso (307.94 km2 (118.90 sq mi)) and Sobrescobio (69.42 km2 (26.80 sq mi)). It was declared a natural park in 1996.

Special Protection Area
A special protection area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with special areas of conservation (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis  is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum.: 528  However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal. Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood. The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters.

Without known links to other lesions or systemic pre-conditions, scrotal calcinosis was considered idiopathic. It is not related to calcium phosphate imbalance or renal insufficiency. By 2010, studies supported that epidermoid cysts are believed to be caused by dystrophic calcification. This process involves subclinical inflammation, rupture, calcification, and cyst wall obliteration.

Scrotum
In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (pl.: scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin scortum, meaning "hide" or "skin") or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis. It consists of a sac of skin containing the external spermatic fascia, testicles, epididymides, and vasa deferentia. The scrotum will usually tighten when exposed to cold temperatures.

The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females.
Syvert Tobiassen Messel
Syvert Tobiassen Messel (22 July 1897 – 3 July 1978) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder in 1950, but was not re-elected in 1954.

Messel was born in Oddernes and was involved in local politics in Oddernes and its successor municipality Kristiansand, as well as Vest-Agder county council. He was deputy mayor of Oddernes from 1934 to 1945 and mayor from 1945 to 1964.

Oddernes
Oddernes is a borough in the city of Kristiansand which lies in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The borough covers eastern Kristiansand on the east side of the Topdalsfjorden and the Varodd Bridge.  The borough includes the former municipalities of Randesund and Tveit.  There was a municipality of Oddernes from 1838 until 1965, but its boundaries were very different from those of the present-day borough.