hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Dompaire
The Battle of Dompaire was fought between French and German armoured forces near the town of Dompaire in France. It took place between 12 and 14 September 1944 during the Lorraine campaign on the Western Front of World War II. The battle saw a new German Panzer brigade hastily set up by the Wehrmacht to stop the Allied advance after the collapse of the Normandy front, and a unit of the French 2nd Armoured Division under General Philippe Leclerc.

The inexperienced 112 Panzer Brigade suffered from a series of ambushes by French armoured units with American air support. The French tank crews and US fighter bombers combined destroyed much of the German brigade with few casualties in return. The Germans were forced to fall back which delayed a planned counter-offensive in Lorraine.

Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides (French: [o.tɛl dez ɛ̃valid]; French for 'House of Invalids'), commonly called les Invalides ([lez ɛ̃valid]; lit. 'the Invalids'), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and an old soldiers' retirement home, the building's original purpose. The buildings house the Musée de l'Armée, the museum of the Army of France, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine. The complex also includes the Cathedral of Saint-Louis-des-Invalides, the national cathedral of the French military. It is adjacent to the Royal Chapel known as the Dôme des Invalides, the tallest church building in Paris at a height of 107 metres (351 ft). The latter has been converted into a shrine to some of France's leading military figures, most notably the tomb of Napoleon.
Ningnan County
Ningnan County (Chinese: 宁南县, Yi: ꆀꇂꑤ) is a county in the south of Sichuan Province, China, bordering Yunnan province to the east. It is under the administration of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.

Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Northern Yi: /nɛ˨˩ʂa˧/) is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern extremity of Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. Its seat is Xichang. Liangshan covers an area of 60,261 km2 (23,267 sq mi) and has over 4.8 million inhabitants as of 2020. It has the largest population of ethnic Yi (or Nosu) among China's prefectures. Liangshan contains a number of isolated villages high up on its cliffs, often known as "cliff villages".

Xichang has the Xichang Qingshan Airport and the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The prefecture also features a substantial network of railways for both passengers and freight.
Sognefjellet
Sognefjellet (lit. 'Sogn Mountains') or Dølafjell is a mountainous area and mountain pass which connects Lustrafjorden and its surrounding valley with the Ottadalen valley in the Jotunheimen area. Sognefjellet is located in Luster Municipality (in Vestland county) and Lom Municipality (in Innlandet county) in Norway. Sognefjellsvegen, part of County Road 55, runs through the mountains and over the pass.

Lom Municipality (Norway)
Lom is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fossbergom. Another village area in Lom is Elvesæter.

The 1,969-square-kilometre (760 sq mi) municipality is the 38th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lom Municipality is the 271st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,215. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Lom Municipality is famous for its extensive history. Lom Stave Church, one of the few remaining stave churches in Norway, is located here. It's also notable for being located in the midst of several of the highest mountains in Northern Europe.
Jam Gate
The Jam Gate is a picnic spot in Maheshwar Tehsil of Khargone District in the state of  Madhya Pradesh, India. It is on Mhow-Mandleshwar Road (Now Khargone - Indore state highway no.1). It was built by Rani Ahilyabai Holkar in 1791. It is approximately 30 km from Mhow, 50 km from Indore, 33 km from Maheshwar and 75 km from district headquarter Khargone. Jam gate is the gateway of Malwa - Nimar.

Khargone
Khargone is a city and administrative headquarters of the Khargone district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The city is located on the bank of the Kunda river and is known for its cotton and chili pepper production. It is also known for Navgraha Mandir, a temple devoted to the nav grahas (nine planets). Khargone topped the nation in municipality and received a national award for 'India's Fastest Moving City' under a population of two lakh. Khargone was ranked 10th cleanest city in India in Swachh Survekshan 2020, the 15th cleanest city in India in Swachh Survekshan 2018, and the 17th cleanest city in India in Swachh Survekshan 2017.
Rockville Hills Regional Park
Rockville Hills Regional Park is a 633-acre (~256 hectare, 2.56 square kilometer) regional park in the city of Fairfield, Solano County, California, United States. The park is known for its volcanic rocks, thin topsoil, grasses, and blue oak trees. There are also oak woodlands, grassland savannas, chaparral and some aquatic habitats.

Fairfield, California
Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Solano County, California, United States, in the North Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area.

The city has a diversified economy, with government, manufacturing, healthcare, retail, professional and commercial construction sectors.

Fairfield was founded in 1856 by clipper ship captain Robert H. Waterman, and named after his former hometown of Fairfield, Connecticut.

It is the location of Travis Air Force Base and the headquarters of Jelly Belly. The population was 119,881 at the 2020 census.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (2021)
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (PTK251) was a domestic Russian scheduled passenger flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Palana, both in Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Far East. On 6 July 2021, the Antonov An-26 serving the flight crashed on approach to Palana, killing all 28 passengers and crew on board.

Interstate Aviation Committee
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC; Russian: Межгосударственный авиационный комитет, МАК) is an executive body of the  Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and was formed in 1991 according to the Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Multilateral Agreement, signed on 25 December 1991.
Gmina Pilica
Gmina Pilica is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Pilica, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Zawiercie and 53 km (33 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 138.89 square kilometres (53.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 8,625.

Zawiercie County
Zawiercie County (Polish: powiat zawierciański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zawiercie, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains five other towns: Poręba, 6 km (4 mi) west of Zawiercie, Łazy, 8 km (5 mi) south of Zawiercie, Ogrodzieniec, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Zawiercie, Szczekociny, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Zawiercie, and Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie.

The county covers an area of 1,003.27 square kilometres (387.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 118,020. The most populated towns are Zawiercie with 49,334 inhabitants and Poręba with 8,525 inhabitants.
Fred Moseley
Frederick Russell Moseley, Jr. (13 July 1913 in Brookline, Massachusetts – 10 March 1989) was an ice hockey player.  Moseley was named an All-American ice hockey while at Harvard University in 1934.  He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1975. He was later a banker with the firm J.P. Morgan & Co. rising from trainee to Executive Vice President.

United States Hockey Hall of Fame
The United States Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1973 with the goal of preserving the history of ice hockey in the United States while recognizing the extraordinary contributions of select players, coaches, administrators, officials and teams. It is located in Eveleth, Minnesota, an iron mining town in northern Minnesota.
Tablature
Tablature (or tab for short) is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches.

Tablature is common for fretted stringed instruments such as the guitar, lute or vihuela, as well as many free reed aerophones such as the harmonica.  Tablature was common during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and is commonly used today in notating many forms of music.

Three types of organ tablature were used in Europe: German, Spanish and Italian.

To distinguish standard musical notation from tablature, the former is usually called "staff notation" or just "notation".

Root (chord)
In music theory, the root of a chord is the note that names and typifies the chord. Tertian chords are named based on (1) their root, (2) their quality (assumed to be major if no quality is named), and (3) their extensions, if any (assumed to be a triad if no extensions are named). For example, a C chord refers to a C major triad, a major triad built on the note C, which is its root.

The root of a tertian chord is the note on which the subsequent thirds are stacked (though on occasion, some of the notes in the stack may be omitted). For instance, the root of the E minor triad is E, independent of the vertical placement of the three notes that compose it (i.e., E, G, and B).

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.
Zhang Dan
Zhang Dan (simplified Chinese: 张丹; traditional Chinese: 張丹; pinyin: Zhāng Dān; born 4 October 1985) is a Chinese former pair skater. With Zhang Hao, she is  the 2006 Olympic silver medalist, a  four-time (2005 bronze, 2006, 2008, 2009 silver) World medalist, and a two-time (2005, 2010) Four Continents champion.
Zhang Dan retired from competition on May 6, 2012.

2003 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2003 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held from February 24 to March 2 at the Palace of Culture and Sports in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Due to the large number of participants, the men's and ladies' qualifying groups were split into groups A and B. The ice dancing qualifying event was split into two groups as well, with both groups doing the same dances in the same order. Group B skated their first and second dances one after the other, then Group A skated their first and second, in the same order. The first compulsory dance was the Westminster Waltz, and the second was the Blues.
George Scratchley Brown
George Scratchley Brown  (17 August 1918 – 5 December 1978) was a United States Air Force general who served as the eighth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In this capacity, he served as the senior military adviser to the president of the United States, the National Security Council and the secretary of defense. Through the commanders of the unified and specified commands, he was also responsible for executing the decisions of the National Command Authorities regarding worldwide readiness and employment of combat forces of the United States Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps.

James R. Schlesinger
James Rodney Schlesinger (February 15, 1929 – March 27, 2014) was an American economist and statesman who was best known for serving as Secretary of Defense from 1973 to 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Prior to becoming Secretary of Defense, he served as Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1971 to 1973, and as CIA Director for a few months in 1973. He became America's first Secretary of Energy under Jimmy Carter in 1977, serving until 1979.

While Secretary of Defense, he opposed amnesty for draft resistors and pressed for development of more sophisticated nuclear weapon systems. Additionally, his support for the A-10 and the lightweight fighter program (later the F-16) helped ensure that they were carried to completion.
Kfar Monash Hoard
The Kfar Monash Hoard is a hoard of metal objects dated to the Early Bronze Age (the third millennium BCE) found in the spring of 1962 by the agriculturalist Zvi Yizhar in Kfar Monash, Israel. Kfar Monash is located 3.3 km south-east of Tel Hefer (Tell Ishbar) in the Plain of Sharon or in modern terms 9 km/6 mi northeast of Netanya, which is roughly located along the Israeli coast between Netanya and Haifa.

The Monash Hoard consists of:

The Crescentic Axehead was found about 5 years later at about 200m distance.

As of June 2006, the Kfar Monash Hoard was on display in the Israel Museum.

Netanya
Netanya (Hebrew: נתניה, IPA: [netanˈja]), or Natanya (IPA: [naˈtanja]), is a city in the Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 kilometres (20 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (35 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north.

Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The 14 km (8+1⁄2 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.

In 2023, Netanya had a population of 233,485, ranking it as the 7th largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within ten kilometres (six miles) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor was Miriam Feirberg, who died in 2025.
BMP (vehicle)
The Soviet BMP series were among the first production-line  infantry fighting-vehicles. The series includes the mainline BMPs, the airborne variant BMDs, and licensed modified (i.e. MLI-84) and reverse-engineered versions (i.e. Boragh, Type 86).

"BMP" (Russian: БМП) stands for Boyevaya mashina pekhoty – Russian: Боевая машина пехоты, lit. 'fighting-vehicle of infantry'. The vehicles were initially developed in the 1960s in the Soviet Union.

9M14 Malyutka
The 9M14 Malyutka (Russian: Малютка; "Little one", NATO reporting name: AT-3 Sagger) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in the Soviet Union. It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of the Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at 25,000 missiles a year during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, copies of the missile have been manufactured under various names by at least six countries.

Although they have been supplanted by more advanced anti-tank guided missiles, the Malyutka and its variants have seen widespread use in nearly every regional conflict since the 1960s and are still kept in large stockpiles and sometimes used to this day by non state actors such as Hezbollah.
Pascal Engel
Pascal Engel (French: [ɑ̃ʒɛl]; born 1954) is a French philosopher, working on the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, epistemology and philosophy of logic. He was a professor of philosophy of logic at the Sorbonne. He currently works at the University of Geneva, where he collaborates with, among others, Kevin Mulligan. He is a member of Institut Nicod.

Kevin Mulligan
Kevin Mulligan (born 23 June 1951) is a British philosopher, working on ontology, the philosophy of mind, and Austrian philosophy. He is currently Honorary Professor  at the University of Geneva, Full Professor at the University of Italian Switzerland, Director of Research at the Institute of Philosophy of Lugano, and member of the Academia Europaea and of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters. He is also known for his work with Peter Simons and Barry Smith on metaphysics and the history of Austrian philosophy.

A major Festschrift on his work was published in 2014.

Since 2016 he is academic director and professor at the Università della Svizzera italiana in Switzerland.
Allen & Heath
Allen & Heath (also known as AH or A&H) is a company based in Penryn, Cornwall, England, specialising in the manufacture of audio mixing consoles.  Allen & Heath also makes sound management systems for industrial installations and DJ mixers for nightclubs.

Allen & Heath is part of the Audiotonix Group.

Penryn, Cornwall
Penryn (/pɛnˈrɪn/; Cornish: Pennrynn, meaning 'promontory') is a civil parish and town in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the Penryn River about 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Falmouth. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,489 and the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which extends beyond the parish boundary) had a population of 11,195.

Though now the town is overshadowed by the larger nearby town of Falmouth, Penryn was once an important harbour in its own right, lading granite and tin to be shipped to other parts of the country and world during the medieval period.
Swedish Operations Research Association
The Swedish Operations Research Association (SOAF; in Swedish: Svenska Operationsanalysföreningen) is a professional non-profit association for the promotion and dissemination of the scientific field of operations research in Sweden. SOAF was founded in 1959 with the dual purpose of promoting the development within the different branches of operations research, and work for its application within different problem domains. The association is a member of the European umbrella organization, the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO), and of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS).

Association of European Operational Research Societies
The Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) is a regional grouping within the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) whose aim is to promote Operational Research throughout Europe. It was established in 1975. The First European Conference on Operational Research (EURO I), was opened on the morning of 27 January 1975 at the Sheraton Hotel in Brussels.
Chaedok station
Chaedŏk station is a railway station in Kilju county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station, along with the rest of the Kilju–Hapsu section, was opened by the Chōsen Government Railway on 1 November 1933.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.

Kilju Chongnyon station
Kilju Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is a railway station in Kilju-ŭp, Kilju county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea. It is the junction point of the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn and P'yŏngra lines of the Korean State Railway.

Originally called Kilju station (Chosŏn'gŭl: 길주역; Hanja: 吉州駅), the station, along with the rest of the Kilju–Hapsu section, was opened by the Government Railways of Chosen (朝鮮総督府鉄道) on 1 November 1933.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.

There is a pulp mill and a plywood factory in Kilju that receive raw logs via trains from the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn line.
Keith Helander
Keith Ervid Helander (28 March 1892 – 9 March 1960) was a New Zealand rugby league player. He played one test for the Kiwis in 1919 against Australia, becoming the 135th player for the national side, in addition to one game for Auckland. In late 1921 he switched codes to Rugby Union and represented Auckland. Helander fought for New Zealand in World War 1.

Thames Valley Rugby Football Union
The Thames Valley Rugby Football Union (TVRFU) is the governing body of rugby union in the region of Thames Valley in the North Island of New Zealand. Thames Valley Rugby Football Union was founded in 1921 when it broke away from the now defunct South Auckland Rugby Union. The Thames Rugby Union, a sub-union that had remained affiliated with the Auckland Rugby Football Union, eventually joined the Thames Valley Union in 1951.

Their senior representative team competes in the Heartland Championship and plays at Boyd Park, Te Aroha and Paeroa Domain, Paeroa.
Tigurini
The Tigurini were a clan or tribe forming one out of four pagi (provinces) of the Helvetii.

The Tigurini were the most important group of the Helvetii, mentioned by both Julius Caesar and Poseidonius, settling in the area of what is now the Swiss canton of Vaud, corresponding to the bearers of the late La Tène culture in western Switzerland. 
Their name has a meaning of "lords, rulers" (cognate with Irish tigern "lord"). The other Helvetian tribes included the Verbigeni and the Tougeni (sometimes identified with the Teutones), besides one tribe that has remained unnamed.

Teutons
The Teutons (Latin: Teutones, Teutoni; Ancient Greek: Τεύτονες) were an ancient northern European tribe mentioned by Roman authors. The Teutons are best known for their participation, together with the Cimbri and other groups, in the Cimbrian War with the Roman Republic in the late 2nd century BC.

Some generations later, Julius Caesar compared them to the Germanic peoples of his own time, and used this term for all northern peoples living east of the Rhine. Later Roman authors followed his identification. However, there is no direct evidence as to whether they spoke a Germanic language. Evidence such as the tribal name, and the names of their rulers, as they were mentioned by Roman historians, indicates a strong Celtic influence. On the other hand, the indications that classical authors gave about the homeland of the Teutones is considered by many scholars to show that they lived in an area associated with early Germanic languages, and not in an area associated with Celtic languages.
Ministry of Trade and Industry (Namibia)
The Ministry of Industrialisation and Trade (MIT) was a government ministry of Namibia, with headquarters in Windhoek. It was created at Namibian independence in 1990 as Ministry of Trade and Industry, renamed Ministry of Industrialisation, Trade and SME Development in 2015, and got the name Ministry of Industrialisation and Trade in 2020. The first Namibian minister of trade was Ben Amathila.

In 2025 the ministry was disestablished. The trade portfolio was given to the foreign affairs ministry, and the industry portfolio to the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The current Minister of International Relations and Trade is Selma Ashipala-Musavyi, the Minister of Mines, Energy and Industry is Natangwe Ithete.

Natangwe Ithete
Natangwe Paulus Ithete (born 9 January 1976) is a Namibian politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industrialization, Mines, and Energy of the Republic of Namibia in 2025. He is also a legislator in the Parliament of Namibia as a member of the National Assembly. Ithete served in President Hage Geingob's administration as Deputy Minister of Finance from 2015 to 2020.