hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sur (song)
Sur ("South") is an Argentine tango with music by Aníbal Troilo and lyrics by Homero Manzi. It was first recorded by Troilo's orchestra with vocals by Edmundo Rivero on 23 February 1948. The first live performance, by the same artists, was at the Tibidabo night club in Buenos Aires.

Argentine tango
Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires. It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature, and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC. Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia, sadness, and laments for lost love. The typical orchestra  has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the bandoneon. It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally, adding modern elements without replacing the older ones. Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro, Juan D'Arienzo, Carlos Di Sarli, Osvaldo Pugliese, Elvira Santamaría, and Ástor Piazzolla.
I-GO
I-GO was a Chicago-based car sharing organization which is owned by Enterprise Holdings. It was established in 2002 by the Center for Neighborhood Technology as an independent 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization working in the fields of urban livability and sustainability. I-GO was sold to Enterprise Holdings in May 2013 and re-branded as Enterprise CarShare.

Chicago Transit Authority
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is a public transit agency in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It operates the Chicago "L" rail system and CTA bus services.

The CTA was established as an independent governmental agency by the Metropolitan Transportation Act passed by the Illinois General Assembly on April 12, 1945. It started operations on October 1, 1947, upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, resulting in a fully unified system. Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority, and CTA service connects with Metra commuter rail and Pace Suburban Bus.

In 2025, the system had a ridership of 319,160,900, or about 971,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
History of the Southern Dynasties
The History of the Southern Dynasties is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon. It contain 80 volumes and covers the period from 420 to 589, the histories of the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties in southern China during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. Like the History of the Northern Dynasties, the book was started by Li Dashi. Following his death, Li Yanshou (李延壽), his son, completed the work on the book between 643 and 659. As a historian, Li Yanshou also took part of some of the compilation during the early Tang dynasty.  Unlike the many other contemporary historical texts, the book was not commissioned by the state.

Southern Qi
Qi, known in historiography as the Southern Qi (traditional Chinese: 南齊; simplified Chinese: 南齐; pinyin: Nán Qí or 南朝齊; 南朝齐; Nán Cháo Qí) or Xiao Qi (蕭齊; 萧齐; Xiāo Qí), was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the second of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. It followed the Liu Song dynasty and was succeeded by the Liang dynasty. The main polity to its north was the Northern Wei.
Ivan Franjo Jukić
Ivan Franjo Jukić (8 July 1818 – 20 May 1857) was a Bosnian writer and Franciscan friar from Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose life and cultural and political legacy have left an indelible mark on the cultural history of the country, where he is remembered as one of the founders of Bosnian modernism. He mainly wrote under the pseudonym Slavoljub Bošnjak (lit. 'Slavophile Bosnian').

Illyrian movement
The Illyrian movement (Croatian: Ilirski pokret; Slovene: Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of the 19th century, around the years of 1835 to 1863. This movement aimed to create a Croatian national establishment in Austria-Hungary through linguistic and ethnic unity, and through it lay the foundation for cultural and linguistic unification of all South Slavs under the revived umbrella term Illyrian.

Aspects of the movement pertaining to the development of Croatian culture are considered in Croatian historiography to be part of the Croatian national revival (Croatian: Hrvatski narodni preporod).
Vyerkhnyadzvinsk district
Vyerkhnyadzvinsk district (Belarusian: Верхнядзьвінскі раён; Russian: Верхнедвинский район) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Vyerkhnyadzvinsk.

In this district is the northernmost point of Belarus, situated to the north of Osveya Lake. Osveya Lake is the second largest lake in the country. Another large lake in Verkhnyadzvinsk district is Lisno, which is the twelfth-largest in Belarus.

Lake Osveya
Lake Osveya or Lake Osveyskoye (Russian: озеро Осве́я, Осве́йское озеро, romanized: ozero Osveya, Osveyskoye ozero), also known as Lake Asvyeya (Belarusian: Асвейскае возера, romanized: Asviejskaje voziera), is a large freshwater lake in the Vitebsk Region, in northern Belarus, near the borders with Latvia and Russia. It has an area of 52.8 km2 (20 sq mi), making it the second largest lake in the country. The most extreme northern point in Belarus is situated only a few minutes further north of the lake.

The lake's sole island, Du, is the largest island in Belarus. Inhabited by a village and a kolkhoz until the 1970s, it is now a part of the Asviejski Landscape Reserve.
Miss Venezuela 1981
Miss Venezuela 1981 was the 28th Miss Venezuela pageant, was held in Caraballeda, Vargas state, Venezuela, on May 7, 1981, after weeks of events.  The winner of the pageant was Irene Sáez, Miss Miranda.

The pageant was broadcast live on Venevision from the Macuto Sheraton Hotel in Caraballeda, Vargas state. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Maye Brandt, crowned Irene Sáez of Miranda as the new Miss Venezuela.

Sáez, and Pilin León, that year's first runner-up, would later go on to become Miss Universe 1981 and Miss World 1981, respectively, marking the first time ever for Venezuela to win both major international beauty pageants in the same year.

Miss Universe 1981
Miss Universe 1981 was the 30th anniversary of the Miss Universe pageant, held at the Minskoff Theatre in New York City, New York, United States, on 20 July 1981. At the conclusion of the event, Irene Sáez of Venezuela was crowned by Shawn Weatherly of the United States. There were 77 contestants competing for the crown, but Miss Mauritius got homesick and withdrew. The pageant originally was scheduled to be held in Guatemala City, Guatemala. However, for financial and political reasons, Miss Universe was moved to New York City.
Obata Kitayama Haniwa Production Site
The Obata Kitayama Haniwa Production Site (小幡北山埴輪製作遺跡, Obata Kitayama haniwa seisaku iseki) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a large-scale Kofun period factory for the production of haniwa clay funerary pottery, located in what is now the town of Ibaraki in Ibaraki Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It received protection as a National Historic Site in 1992.

Ibaraki, Ibaraki
Ibaraki (茨城町, Ibaraki-machi) is a town located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the town had an estimated population of 31,596 in 12,052 households and a population density of 260 inhabitants per square kilometre (670/sq mi). The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 34.9%. The total area of the town is 121.58 square kilometres (46.94 sq mi).
Zaporizhzhia National University
The Zaporizhzhia National University (ZNU) is a state-sponsored university in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. Its full official name is "Zaporizhzhia National University of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine."

Second language
A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language.

A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's first language. For example, the Canadian census defines first language for its purposes as "What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?", recognizing that for some, the earliest language may be lost, a process known as language attrition. This can happen when young children start school or move to a new language environment.
Barrineau Park, Florida
Barrineau Park is an unincorporated community in  Escambia County, Florida, United States. It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Molino and a few miles from the Perdido River. It is a rural community of low hills, farms, creeks and woods.

Barrineau Park is part of the Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Ferry Pass, Florida
Ferry Pass is a census-designated place (CDP) in Escambia County, Florida. It is considered to be a community within Pensacola. It is a principal community in the Pensacola—Ferry Pass—Brent, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is located north of Pensacola city limits. The population was 29,921 at the 2020 United States census, up from 28,921 at the 2010 United States census. The University of West Florida, located in Ferry Pass, is the only university located in the Pensacola metropolitan area.
Learner autonomy
Learner autonomy has been a popular concept in foreign language education in the past decades, specially in relation to lifelong learning skills. It has transformed old practices in the language classroom and has given origin to self access language learning centers around the world such as the SALC at Kanda University of International Studies in Japan, the ASLLC at The Education University of Hong Kong, the SAC at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and ELSAC at the University of Auckland . As the result of such practices, language teaching is now sometimes seen as the same as language learning, and it has placed the learner in the centre of attention in language learning education in some places.

There is a comprehensive bibliography for learner autonomy.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Canadian Finals Rodeo
The Canadian Finals Rodeo (CFR) is the national championship professional rodeo in Canada, currently held in Edmonton, Alberta; the host site from its 1974 inception through 2017, after being held in Red Deer, Alberta, from 2018 through 2023. The CFR takes place in the fall and is the final event of the Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA) season. It offers one of the richest purses in Canadian rodeo, usually worth over C$1,000,000.

Bronc riding
Bronc riding, either  bareback bronc or saddle bronc competition, is a rodeo event that involves a rodeo participant riding a bucking horse (sometimes called a bronc  or bronco) that attempts to throw or buck off the rider. Originally based on the necessary buck breaking skills of a working cowboy, the event is now a highly stylized competition that utilizes horses that often are specially bred for strength, agility, and bucking ability. It is recognized by most rodeo organizations such as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and the International Professional Rodeo Association (IPRA).
Ulmus parvifolia 'Burgundy'
The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Burgundy'  was selected for its autumn foliage by Dr Michael Dirr and A. E. Richards from a tree on the University of Georgia campus, and first described in 1990.

Ulmus parvifolia
Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese elm or lacebark elm, is a species native to eastern Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful Nothofagus".
Stephen C. Joseph
Stephen Carl Joseph (born November 25, 1937) was the New York City Health Commissioner from 1986 until 1990 after having worked at the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as Special Coordinator for Child Health and Survival.  He went on to become dean of the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs.

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
The assistant secretary of defense for health affairs (ASD(HA)) is chartered under United States Department of Defense Directive (DoDD) 5136.1 in 1994. This DoDD states that the ASD(HA) is the principal advisor to the secretary of defense on all "DoD health policies, programs and activities." In addition to exercising oversight of all DoD health resources, ASD(HA) serves as director of the Tricare Management Activity.

The ASD(HA) reports to the undersecretary of defense (personnel and readiness), or USD(P&R). A political appointee responsible for the United States Department of Defense's Military Health System, the ASD(HA) is an Executive Service Level IV official. The assistant secretary is nominated by the president of the United States, and confirmed by the United States Senate.
2011 Aegon GB Pro-Series Bath
The 2011 Aegon GB Pro-Series Bath was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Bath, Great Britain between 21 and 27 March 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Trams in Leipzig
The Leipzig tramway (German: Straßenbahn Leipzig) is a network of tramways which, together with the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland, forms the backbone of the public transport system in Leipzig, a city in Saxony, Germany.  Opened in 1872, the network has been operated since 1938 by Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe (LVB). The network has been integrated in the Mitteldeutscher Verkehrsverbund (MDV) since 1 August 2001.

With its 13 lines, route length of 143.5 km (89.2 mi) and 522 tram stops, the network is currently the third biggest in Germany, after the Cologne and Berlin tramway networks.

Uniquely, the trams run on 1458 mm gauge tracks.

Mitteldeutscher Verkehrsverbund
The Mitteldeutscher Verkehrsverbund (MDV) is a transport association in the German Leipzig-Halle (Saale) area. The company is based in Halle (Saale), but its head office is in Leipzig.

The MDV is a so-called mixed transport association (Mischverbund). Its shareholders are the public authorities (e.g. the administrative districts) (51%) and the transport companies (49%). The aim of the MDV is to make it easier for everyone in Mitteldeutschland to travel by local trains, S-Bahn, tram and bus. The MDV already offers a uniform ticket system and is working on a coordinated timetable.
Jon Storm-Mathisen
Jon Storm-Mathisen (born 16 January 1941 in Oslo) is a highly cited Norwegian neuroscientist known for his work on the morphology and immunocytochemistry of the central nervous system. He is a professor of medicine at the Department of Anatomy at the University of Oslo.

Storm-Mathiesen completed his examen artium at Oslo Cathedral School in 1959, graduated from the University of Oslo in 1965, and qualified as doctor of medicine from the same university in 1976. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Walid (armored personnel carrier)
The Walid is an Egyptian wheeled armored personnel carrier (APC) with a design and role very similar to the Soviet BTR-40. It first saw combat during the Six-Day War, and also saw use by Iraqi forces during the Gulf War.

Ministry of Interior (Egypt)
The Ministry of Interior of Egypt is a part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for law enforcement in Egypt.

The Ministry of Interior directs the Central Security Forces, around 410,000 in 2012; the National Police, around 500,000; and the Egyptian Homeland security, around 200,000 strong.

The Egyptian Border Guard Corps were organised in border guard regiments totaling approximately 25,000 members. They are a lightly armed paramilitary force, mostly Bedouins, responsible for border surveillance, general peacekeeping, drug interdiction, and prevention of smuggling. During the late 1980s, the force was equipped with remote sensors and night-vision binoculars. High-speed motorboats are also in service. The Border Guards were originally under the control of the Ministry of Defense, however control was almost immediately given to the Ministry of Interior after their creation.
Platform ticket
A platform ticket is a type of rail ticket issued by some rail transport systems, allowing the user to access the railway platforms of a train station, but not to board and travel on any train services. It allows non-travellers to enter the paid area of the station, for example to walk with their friends, associates and loved ones all the way to the passenger car at stations where the general public is not allowed on platforms. Trainspotters can also purchase platform tickets to enjoy their trainspotting hobbies. They vary in type: some may only allow limited access and a sharply limited time of usage, while others may have totally free access to enter the platform area. During peak usage hours or rush hours, the platforms may only be available for passengers who intend to travel.

Railway platform
A railway platform is an area in a train station alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms.

Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan hosts 44 platforms, more than any other rail station in the world. The world's longest station platform is at Hubballi Junction in India at 1,507 metres (4,944 ft). The Appalachian Trail station or Benson station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench.

Among some American train conductors, the word "platform" has entered usage as a verb meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway".
Mir Zaman Khan
Ghazi Mir Zaman Khan, who became known as Loy Khan Ghazi Mir Zaman Khan Kunari was a Royal Afghan Army General and War Hero of the Afghan War of Independence who fought for Pashtun freedom against the British Empire. He is regarded as a National Hero in Afghanistan.

Amanullah Khan
Ghazi Amanullah Khan Barakzai (1 June 1892 – 26 April 1960) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1926, and then King of Afghanistan from 1926 until his abdication in 1929. After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War in August 1919, Afghanistan was able to relinquish its protected state status to proclaim independence and pursue an independent foreign policy free from the influence of the United Kingdom.

His rule was marked by dramatic political and social change, including attempts to modernize Afghanistan along Western lines. He did not fully succeed in achieving this objective due to an uprising by Habibullah Kalakani and his followers. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah abdicated and fled to neighbouring British India as the Afghan Civil War began to escalate. From British India, he went to Europe, where after 30 years in exile, he died in Zürich, Switzerland on 26 April 1960. His body was brought to Afghanistan and buried in Jalalabad near his father Habibullah Khan's tomb.
Yeltsin–Gaidar government reforms
The Yeltsin–Gaidar government reforms (Russian: Реформы правительства Ельцина — Гайдара), known also as the Gaidar reforms are the changes in the economy of Russia and public administration system carried out by the Cabinet of Boris Yeltsin and Yegor Gaidar from January 2 to December 15, 1992.

The Yeltsin-Gaidar government liberalized retail prices, liberalized foreign trade, reorganized the tax system and other reforms that radically changed the economic situation in the country. The result of the reforms is Russia's transition to a market economy. During the reform of retail price liberalization, prices increased 10,000 times, and after the reform to the present day, approximately 325 times.

Federal budget of Russia
The federal budget of Russia (Russian: федеральный бюджет России) is the leading element of the budget system of Russia. It is a major state financial plan for the fiscal year, which has the force of law after its approval by the Russian parliament and signed into law by the President of Russia.

The federal budget is the primary means of redistribution of national income and gross domestic product through it mobilized the financial resources necessary to regulate the country's economic development, social policy and the strengthening of the national defense. The share of federal budget accounts for a significant portion of the distribution process, which is the allocation of funds between sectors of the economy, manufacturing and industrial areas, regions of the country.

The right of the Russian Federation for an independent federal budget is enshrined by Article 71 of  the Russian Constitution and the Budget Code of Russia that regulates the details of its formation and execution.
Avalon Drive
Avalon Drive are an Australian rock band from Brisbane, originally formed in 2005. They released three extended plays, Avalon Drive (2005), The City of Burnt Out Lights (2006) and The View from Afar (2008) before splitting in 2008. They reformed in 2021 as a trio with original members, Damion J Douglass on lead vocals, Shane Holmes on drums and Wil Morris on lead guitar and synthesiser.

Nova 106.9
Nova 106.9 (call sign 4BNE) is a commercial radio station operating in Brisbane, 
Queensland, Australia, owned by Nova Entertainment. DMG Radio purchased the Brisbane FM licence for $80 million in April 2004 ftom the Australian Broadcasting Authority to complete its national network of Nova stations. Nova 106.9's studios are located at 130 Commercial Road, Teneriffe.
January 2009 Fiji floods
During January 2009, Fiji was impacted by a series of consecutive weather events, that caused severe flooding in various parts of the island nation. The floods were caused by a number of intense synoptic-scale weather features, which included an active monsoonal trough, the South Pacific Convergence Zone, Tropical Depression's 04F and 05F as well as Tropical Cyclone Hettie. These weather features combined to cause strong winds, considerable rainfall, as well as severe flooding across the island nation throughout the month.

Western Division, Fiji
The Western Division is one of Fiji's four divisions. It consists of three provinces in western and northern Viti Levu, namely Ba Province, Nadroga-Navosa Province, and Ra Province. The largest city and capital is Lautoka.

It also includes a few outlying islands, including the Yasawa Islands, Viwa Island, and Mamanuca Islands.  It has a land border with the Central Division on Viti Levu, and sea borders with the Northern Division and Eastern Division.