hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northamptonshire Battery, Royal Field Artillery
The Northamptonshire Battery, Royal Field Artillery was a unit of Britain's Territorial Force from 1908 to 1919. It served in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign during World War I. In World War II the battery fought in the Malayan Campaign and was captured at the Fall of Singapore.

QF 18-pounder gun
The Ordnance QF 18-pounder, or simply 18-pounder gun, was the standard British Empire field gun of the First World War era. It formed the backbone of the Royal Field Artillery during the war, and was produced in large numbers. It was used by British Forces in all the main theatres, and by British troops in Russia in 1919. Its calibre (84 mm) and shell weight were greater than those of the equivalent field guns in French (75 mm) and German (77 mm) service. It was generally horse drawn until mechanisation in the 1930s.

The first versions were introduced in 1904. Later versions remained in service with British forces until early 1942. During the interwar period, the 18-pounder was developed into the early versions of the Ordnance QF 25-pounder, which would form the basis of the British artillery forces during and after the Second World War in much the same fashion as the 18-pounder had during the First.
Pandit Kanshi Ram
Pandit Kanshi Ram (13 October 1883 – 27 March 1915) was an Indian revolutionary who, along with Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna, was one of the three key members in founding the Ghadar Party. He served as the treasurer of the party from its foundation in 1913 to 1914. In 1914, Ram returned to India as a part of the Ghadar Mutiny, which attempted to trigger mutinies in the British Indian Army during World War I. He was arrested in the aftermath of the failed February plot and later tried in the Lahore conspiracy trial. Ram was charged, along with Kartar Singh Sarabha and Vishnu Ganesh Pingle, and executed on 27 March 1915.

Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
1915 Lahore Conspiracy Case trial or First Lahore Conspiracy Case, was a series of trials held in Lahore (then part of the undivided Punjab of British India), and in the United States, in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar conspiracy from 26 April to 13 September 1915. There were nine cases in total. The trial was held by a Special tribunal constituted under the Defence of India Act 1915.

Out of a total of 291 convicted conspirators, 42 were executed, 114 got life sentences and 93 got varying terms of imprisonment. 42 defendants in the trial were acquitted. 152 persons were made accused. The uncovering of the conspiracy also saw the initiation of the Hindu German Conspiracy trial in the United States.
Breast reduction
Reduction mammoplasty (also breast reduction and reduction mammaplasty) is the plastic surgery procedure for reducing the size of large breasts. In a breast reduction surgery for re-establishing a functional bust that is proportionate to the patient's body, the critical corrective consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple–areola complex (NAC), to ensure the functional sensitivity and lactational capability of the breasts. The indications for breast reduction surgery are three-fold – physical, aesthetic, and psychological – the restoration of the bust, of the patient's self-image, and of the patient's mental health.

In corrective practice, the surgical techniques and praxis for reduction mammoplasty also are applied to mastopexy (breast lift).

Lactiferous duct
Lactiferous ducts are ducts that converge and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland. When lactogenesis occurs, under the influence of hormones, the milk is moved to the nipple by the action of smooth muscle contractions along the ductal system to the tip of the nipple. They are also referred to as galactophores, galactophorous ducts, mammary ducts, mamillary ducts or milk ducts.
DJ Paulette
DJ Paulette (born Paulette Constable, 22 December 1966 in Manchester, England) is an English house music DJ. She is currently a resident for two radio programs on FG DJ Radio: Underground FG and Radio FG Paris France and hosts Space Bass on Dash Radio. In addition to her Radio broadcasts, she also has a two-hour monthly show on Pacha FM. She was Voted 'Best DJette' (French and International Scene) in the Burn FG MTV Dance Awards (2007 and 2010)

Privilege Ibiza
Privilege Ibiza, originally known as Ku Club (1979–95), was a music venue and nightclub in Ibiza until its closure in 2019. It was awarded the "world's largest nightclub" according to the Guinness Book of Records, and was defined as a superclub with a capacity of 10,000 people and encompassing 6,500 m² (69,940 ft²). It was located close to the village of Sant Rafael de Sa Creu on the Spanish island of Ibiza, less than one kilometre (0.6 miles) from the nightclub Amnesia.

It remained closed after the summer of 2019 and in 2024 UNVRS was announced to be opening on the site where Privilege had previously operated.
Taxonomy of wheat
During 10,000 years of cultivation, numerous forms of wheat, many of them hybrids, have developed under a combination of artificial and natural selection. This diversity has led to much confusion in the naming of wheats. Genetic and morphological characteristics of wheat influence its classification; many common and botanical names of wheat are in current use.

History of plant breeding
Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture, particularly the domestication of the first agricultural plants, a practice which is estimated to date back 9,000 to 11,000 years. Initially, early human farmers selected food plants with particular desirable characteristics and used these as a seed source for subsequent generations, resulting in an accumulation of characteristics over time. In time however, experiments began with deliberate hybridization, the science and understanding of which was greatly enhanced by the work of Gregor Mendel. Mendel's work ultimately led to the new science of genetics. Modern plant breeding is applied genetics, but its scientific basis is broader, covering molecular biology, cytology, systematics, physiology, pathology, entomology, chemistry, and statistics (biometrics). It has also developed its own technology. Plant breeding efforts are divided into a number of different historical landmarks.
1991 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1991 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the eighteenth recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 and also in 1986 and between 1988 and 1990 currently unknown. Avatiu won the championship, their second recorded championship, and only the fourth recorded time since the inaugural season in 1950 that the title had not been won by Titikaveka, following Avatiu's victory in the 1980 season and Arorangi's in the 1985 and 1987 seasons.

1987 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1987 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the seventeenth recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 and also in 1986 currently unknown. Arorangi won the championship, their second recorded championship, and only the third recorded time since the inaugural season in 1950 that the title had not been won by Titikaveka, following Avatiu's victory in the 1980 season and Arorangi's in 1985.
The Daktory
The Daktory was a warehouse catering for the sale and consumption of cannabis in New Lynn, West Auckland, New Zealand. The Daktory operated in open defiance of New Zealand drug legislation prohibiting the cultivation, possession, sale and consumption of cannabis; its founder Dakta Green was jailed for 23 months for the operation of the warehouse. Members were called 'Daktas' and are registered under a pseudonym of their choice. They paid a monthly fee to join which allowed them access to The Daktory or they paid a $5 general entry charge. Patrons had to be 18 years of age or older. Once inside, members would openly smoke cannabis using any of the many paraphernalia provided. At various times cannabis was also openly grown in and sold from the Daktory. Nationwide branches of the Daktory were planned for all major New Zealand cities and other areas of strong demand for cannabis.

Otago NORML
Otago University NORML (also known as simply Otago NORML or NORML Dunedin) is a pro-cannabis law reform student club at the University of Otago, affiliated to the Otago University Students Association. It is not affiliated to the national New Zealand cannabis law reform organisation NORML New Zealand, an affiliate of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML).

Most members are students or recent graduates of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Jimmy Doherty
Jimmy Doherty (born 24 May 1975) is an English television presenter and farmer. Doherty is known for the show Jimmy's Farm, detailing the operation of the Essex Pig Company that he and his wife Michaela Furney own in Suffolk.

Rare Breeds Survival Trust
The Rare Breeds Survival Trust is a conservation charity whose purpose is to secure the continued existence and viability of the native farm animal genetic resources (FAnGR) of the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1973 by Joe Henson to preserve native breeds; since then, no UK-native breed has become extinct.

It maintains a watch list of rare native breeds of cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, goats and poultry, and an approved list of farm parks.

Projects have included the collection of genetic material to ensure the future of rare breeds in a farm animal "gene bank".  This project received publicity in the wake of the foot-and-mouth disease crisis in the UK and was supported by Charles III (while he was the Prince of Wales). The Trust also supports the Manx Ark Project, which provides sanctuary for rare breeds at several sites in the Isle of Man.
Kakol, Abbottabad
Kakol, also known as Kakul, is a village situated in Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkwa province of Pakistan.  It is part of Abbottabad Tehsil and is located 5 km northeast of the centre of Abbottabad city near the Thandiani Hills at an elevation of 1532 metres.

Kakul is known for being the site of the Pakistan Military Academy, also known as PMA Kakul, it is the Officer Training Academy of the Pakistan Army. The posterior gate of PMA is also named as Kakul gate owing to its proximity with the village.

Abbottabad
Abbottabad is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 40th largest city in the country and 6th largest in the province by population, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district. It is about 120 km (75 mi) north of Islamabad-Rawalpindi and 150 km (95 mi) east of Peshawar, at an elevation of 1,256 m (4,121 ft). Kashmir lies a short distance to the east.
Our Top Ten Treasures
Our Top Ten Treasures was a 2003 special episode of the BBC Television series Meet the Ancestors which profiled the ten most important treasures unearthed in Britain, as voted for by a panel of experts from the British Museum.

Meet the Ancestors
Meet the Ancestors (later Ancestors) is a BBC Television documentary series first broadcast in 1998. It documented the archaeological excavation and scientific reconstruction of human remains.  The series was introduced by archaeologist Julian Richards and often included facial reconstructions by Caroline Wilkinson.

A follow-up to the series, Stories from the Dark Earth: Meet the Ancestors Revisited, was broadcast in 2014 on BBC Four.
Șoimii Sibiu
Șoimii Sibiu (Falcons Sibiu) was a Romanian football team from Sibiu. They were founded in 1913 and disappeared in 2001.

They were a main team in Sibiu, being four times regional champions of Sibiu. Their best pre-war performance was defeating the 6-time-in-a-row champion Chinezul Timişoara in 1927–28 quarter-finals. But after that they forfeited their semi-final tie against Jiul Lupeni.

They also played three seasons in the Divizia A : 1932–33, 1933–34, 1950, but without notable performances.

Chinezul Timișoara
Chinezul Timișoara was a football club that played both in the Romanian and the Hungarian championship during its existence. It was based in Timișoara, Romania (at the time of foundation Temesvár, Austria-Hungary).
Younus Soomro
Yunis Haider Soomro was a Pakistani orthopaedic surgeon and former caretaker minister. He was the Minister for Housing and Works in Khoso caretaker ministry in 2013. He was known as an expert of the Russian Ilizarov limb-lengthening technique in orthopaedic surgery. He was a landlord and politician as well. Soomro was known for his philanthropy and charity work.

He was the grandson of the former Chief Minister of Sindh Allah Bux Soomro.

He died on July 15, 2020, after contracting the COVID-19 virus.

Allah Bux Soomro
Allah Bux Muhammad Umar Soomro (Sindhi:اللهَ بخشُ محمد عمر سوُمَرو‎) (1900 – 14 May 1943), (Khan Bahadur Sir Allah Bux Muhammad Umar Soomro OBE till September 1942) or Allah Baksh Soomro, was a zamindar, government contractor, Indian independence activist and politician from the province of Sindh in colonial India. He is considered to be amongst the best premiers of the province, known for promoting Hindu-Muslim unity and campaigning for an independent, united India. He was referred to as Shaheed or "martyr".

Allah Bux Soomro was born in 1900 in Shikarpur in Sindh in an affluent family. He founded the Sind Ittehad Party and served as the Chief Minister of Sindh from 23 March 1938 to 18 April 1940 and 7 March 1941 to 14 October 1942. He was assassinated, by assailants thought to belong to the All India Muslim League, in 1943. Soomro had three sons and five daughters.
Daumantai
Daumantai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It is located by the Dotnuvėlė river and Vilnius-Šiauliai railway. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 80 people.

Till the beginning of the 20 century it was okolica szlachecka. During Soviet times Daumantai was converted to the communal gardening area.

Dotnuvėlė
The Dotnuvėlė is a river of Kėdainiai district municipality and Radviliškis district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 60.9 kilometres and has a basin area of 192.7 km2.

Its valley is 350–500 m wide. The current rate is 0.2-0.9 meters per second. The Dotnuvelė course goes through Skėmiai, Gudžiūnai, Mantviliškis, Akademija, Dotnuva. It is a right tributary of the Nevėžis river, into which it flows in Kėdainiai.

The name Dotnuvėlė (formerly Dotnava) could derive from the PIE root *dā- ('liquid, to flow') as Sanskrit: dānu ('liquid, drop'), Ossetian: дон ('river'), Avar: dā-nu- ('river, current'), etc.
1958 Lavant Cup
The 9th Lavant Cup was a motor race, run to Formula Two rules, held on 7 April 1958 at Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex. The race was run over 15 laps, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham in a Cooper T43-Climax. Graham Hill was second in a Lotus 12-Climax and set fastest lap, and Cliff Allison was third in another Lotus 12. Roy Salvadori started from pole position in a Cooper T43-Climax but crashed out on lap two.

Lavant Cup
The Lavant Cup was a motor race held in the spring at Goodwood, England from 1949 to 1966. Over the years it was variously run for Formula 2, Formula 1 and, finally, Sports car racing classes, with the latter counting towards the British Sports Car Championship. The trophy is named for the near-by parish and villages of Lavant, which also give their name to the Lavant Straight on the circuit itself.

In recent years the race has been revived as a historic racing event, forming a part of the Goodwood SpeedWeek meeting.
Stoddart (crater)
Stoddart is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on August 26, 2024, for the New Zealand painter Margaret Stoddart, who lived from 1865 to 1934.

Stoddart is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.

The crater Snorri is to the northeast of Stoddart.  Sullivan and Futabatei are to the south.

Central Stoddart crater (inner ring)

Unnamed crater on east rim

Futabatei (crater)
Futabatei is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 57 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Futabatei is named for the Japanese novelist Futabatei Shimei, who lived from 1864 to 1909.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Futabatei is one of the largest craters of the Kuiperian system on Mercury. The largest is Bartók crater.

Futabatei is east of the larger Sullivan crater, and northwest of the large basin Raphael.
Babette's
Babette's or Babette's Supper Club was a supper club and bar at 2211 Pacific Avenue on the Boardwalk of Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. It operated from the early 1920s onwards and was sold in 1950. The bar was designed like a ship's hull. In the backroom was a gambling den, which was investigated by the federal authorities and raided in 1943.

Supper club
A supper club is a traditional dining establishment that also functions as a social club. The term may describe different establishments depending on the region, but in general, supper clubs tend to present themselves as having a high-class image, even if the price is affordable to all. In the 2010s, a newer usage of the term supper club emerged, referring to underground restaurants.
1971 South American Rugby Championship
The 1971 South American Rugby Championship was the seventh edition of the competition of the leading national rugby union teams in South America.

The tournament was played in Montevideo and was won by Argentina.

South American Rugby Championship
The South American Rugby Championship refers to the continental rugby union championships for South America, organized by Sudamérica Rugby. The current name of the championships is South American Six Nations, implemented in 2018. South American championships have also existed for lower divisions of the rugby union championships, as well as youth and women tournaments, and editions for rugby sevens.
Henry II, Duke of Austria
Henry II (German: Heinrich; 1107 – 13 January 1177), called Jasomirgott, a member of the House of Babenberg, was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1140 to 1141, Duke of Bavaria (as Henry XI) and Margrave of Austria from 1141 to 1156, and the first Duke of Austria from 1156 until his death.

Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
Lothair III, sometimes numbered Lothair II and also known as Lothair of Supplinburg (c. June 1075 – 4 December 1137), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death. He was appointed Duke of Saxony in 1106 and elected King of Germany in 1125 before being crowned emperor in Rome. The son of the Saxon count Gebhard of Supplinburg, his reign was troubled by the constant intriguing of the Hohenstaufens, Duke Frederick II of Swabia and Duke Conrad of Franconia. He died while returning from a successful campaign against the Norman Kingdom of Sicily.
Débria Brown
Débria M. Brown (October 26, 1936 – December 17, 2001) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano who had an active international career that spanned five decades. She was part of the first generation of black opera singers to achieve wide success and is viewed as part of an instrumental group of performers who helped break down the barriers of racial prejudice in the opera world. She also worked occasionally as a dramatic actress on the stage and on television.

Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

The company, formerly known as Gale Research and the Gale Group, is active in research and educational publishing for public, academic, and school libraries, and for businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of religion, history, and social science.

Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr., the company was acquired by the International Thomson Organization (later the Thomson Corporation) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.
Boxer Codex
The Boxer Codex is a late-16th-century Spanish manuscript produced in the Philippines. It contains 75 colored illustrations of the peoples of China, the Philippines, Japan, Java, the Moluccas, the Ladrones, and Siam. About 270 pages of Spanish text describe these places, their inhabitants and customs. An additional 88 smaller drawings show mythological deities and demons, and both real and mythological birds and animals copied from popular Chinese texts and books in circulation at the time.

The English historian Charles Ralph Boxer purchased the manuscript in 1947 from the collection of Lord Ilchester in London. Boxer recognized the importance of what he called the "Manila Manuscript" and published a paper in 1950 with a detailed description of the codex. He made the manuscript freely available to other researchers for study, and it became known as the Boxer Codex. Boxer eventually sold it to Indiana University, where it is held by the Lilly Library.

Ibanag people
The Ibanag (also Ybanag and Ybanak or Ibanak) are an ethnolinguistic minority numbering a little more than half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya. They are one of the largest ethnolinguistic minorities in the Philippines.
German ocean-going torpedo boats and destroyers of World War I
The German large, or ocean-going, torpedo boats and destroyers of World War I were built by the Imperial German Navy between 1899 and 1918 as part of its quest for a “High Seas” or ocean-going fleet. At the start of the First World War Germany had 132 such ships, and ordered a further 216 during the conflict, 112 of which were actually completed. Of these, 55 were lost during the war, 50 were interned on 23 November 1918 under the terms of the Armistice, and subsequently scuttled at Scapa Flow on 21 June 1919. Of the survivors, 32 were included in the post-war Germany navy (some surviving to see service as auxiliaries in the Second World War), 36 were surrendered to Allied powers in 1920, and the remainder were scrapped in 1921.

German Naval Laws
The Naval Laws (German: Flottengesetze, "Fleet Laws") were five separate laws passed by the German Empire, in 1898, 1900, 1906, 1908, and 1912. These acts, championed by Kaiser Wilhelm II and his State Secretary for the Navy, Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, committed Germany to building up a navy capable of competing with the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom.
Quch Palang
Quch Palang (Persian: قوچ پلنگ, also Romanized as Qūch Palang) is a village in Rezqabad Rural District, in the Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 763, in 178 families.

Farah Dasht District
Farah Dasht District (Persian: بخش فرح‌دشت) is in Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Farg Qaleh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 4,519 people in 1,411 households.
Alliance Witan
Alliance Witan plc, formerly Alliance Trust plc, is a publicly traded investment and financial services company, established in 1888 and was headquartered in Dundee, Scotland until management was transferred to Willis Towers Watson in London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It is one of the largest investment trusts in the UK.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.