hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Additron tube
The Additron was an electron tube designed by Dr. Josef Kates, circa 1950, to replace the several individual electron tubes and support components required to perform the function of a single bit digital full adder. Dr. Kates developed the Additron with the intention of increasing the likelihood of success and reliability while reducing the size, power consumption and complexity of the University of Toronto Electronic Computer, (UTEC)

Adder (electronics)
An adder, or summer, is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. In many computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used in the arithmetic logic units (ALUs). They are also used in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operators and similar operations.

Although adders can be constructed for many number representations, such as binary-coded decimal or excess-3, the most common adders operate on binary numbers.
In cases where two's complement or ones' complement is being used to represent negative numbers, it is trivial to modify an adder into an adder–subtractor.
Other signed number representations require more logic around the basic adder.
2014–15 Iranian Futsal Super League
The 2014–15 Iranian Futsal Super League are the 16th season of the Iran Pro League and the 11th under the name Futsal Super League. Dabiri Tabriz are the defending champions. The season will feature 12 teams from the 2013–14 Iranian Futsal Super League and two new teams promoted from the 2013–14 Iran Futsal's 1st Division: Moghavemat Alborz and Ferdosi Mashhad.

2013–14 Iranian Futsal Super League
The 2013–14 Iranian Futsal Super League was the 15th season of the Iran Pro League and the 10th under the name Futsal Super League. Giti Pasand Isfahan were the defending champions. The season featured 12 teams from the 2011–12 Iranian Futsal Super League and two new teams promoted from the 2012–13 Iran Futsal's 1st Division: Giti Pasand Novin and Tasisat Daryaei. The regular season started on 1 August 2013.
James Brodie (botanist)
James Brodie of Brodie, 21st Thane and Chief of Clan Brodie, FRS FLS (31 August 1744 – 17 January 1824) was a Scottish politician and botanist. He was educated at Elgin Academy and St. Andrews University. He was returned to parliament in 1796 as MP for Elginshire, serving until 1807. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Nairn.

As a botanist, Brodie specialised in cryptogamic flora, i.e. plants which reproduce by spores, such as algae, ferns and mosses. He discovered a number of new species both around Edinburgh and on his own property at Brodie. His collection is now held at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He corresponded with other eminent botanists of his time, including Sir William Jackson Hooker and Sir James Edward Smith. Brodie was elected a Fellow of the Linnaean Society in 1795, and of the Royal Society in 1797. The genus Brodiaea is named in his honour.

He married Lady Margaret Duff, sister of James Duff, 2nd Earl Fife, and had two sons and two daughters.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Sphodrias
Sphodrias (Greek: Σφοδρίας) (d. 371 BC) was a Spartan general during the Spartan Hegemony over Greece. As governor of Thespiai in 378 BC, he made an unsuccessful attack against Athens without any order from Sparta. He was put on trial for this act, but unexpectedly acquitted, thanks to the support of the two Spartan kings, Cleombrotus I and Agesilaus II. This acquittal greatly upset Athens which rapidly concluded an alliance with Thebes against Sparta as a result.

Sphodrias later died at the battle of Leuctra against Thebes in 371 BC.

Spartan hegemony
Spartan hegemony was the period of dominance by Sparta in Greek affairs from 404 to 371 BC. Even before this period the polis of Sparta was the greatest military land power of classical Greek antiquity and governed, dominated or influenced the entire Peloponnese. The defeat of the Athenians and the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War in 431–404 BC resulted in a short-lived Spartan dominance of the southern Greek world from 404 to 371 BC. Due to their mistrust of others, Spartans discouraged the creation of records about their internal affairs. The only histories of Sparta are from the writings of Xenophon, Thucydides, Herodotus and Plutarch, none of whom were Spartans. Plutarch was writing several centuries after the period of Spartan hegemony had ceased. This creates difficulties in understanding the Spartan political system, which was distinct from any other Greek polis.
Laxapana Dam
The Laxapana Dam (Also called Samanala Hydroelectric Power Station) is a gravity dam built across the Maskeliya Oya, 2.8 km (1.7 mi) downstream of the Laxapana Falls, in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Îlet la Mère
Îlet la Mère is the biggest island of the Rémire islands in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the commune of Cayenne, French Guiana. The island is located 11 kilometres off the coast. Îlet la Mère was the location of a penal colony from 1852 until 1875. Between 1981 and 2001, it was home to a monkey farm operated by the Pasteur Institute. Since 28 December 2000, the island is a protected area and managed by Conservatoire du littoral.

Prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni
5°30′15″N 54°01′57″W﻿ / ﻿5.50417°N 54.03250°W﻿ / 5.50417; -54.03250

The prison of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French: Bagne de Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni) was the main penal colony in French Guiana for more than a century. Some of the buildings were restored in the early 1980s.
Jack Harliwich
Jack Austin Harliwich (born 14 July 1930) is a former New Zealand cricketer. A right-arm medium pacer, he played one first-class match for Canterbury, as part of the Plunket Shield competition, at Lancaster Park against Wellington in January 1952. He also played for several Canterbury representative sides in non-first-class matches.

In Harliwich's first-class match, he was the fifth bowler used by Canterbury in each innings, taking 1–30 (from 11 overs) in the first innings and 0–29 (14 overs) in the second. The four bowlers used ahead of him by Canterbury were all Test cricketers for New Zealand: John Hayes, Tony MacGibbon, Tom Burtt, and Zin Harris. Harliwich bowled the Test player John Reid for a duck. He batted once, scoring 7 runs from number 10 in the batting order, before being bowled by Bob Blair. Canterbury won the match, their final in the 1951/52 season, by seven wickets.

In 1983, Harliwich was appointed as Canterbury's coach.

John Richard Reid
John Richard Reid CNZM OBE (3 June 1928 – 14 October 2020) was a New Zealand cricketer who captained New Zealand in 34 Test matches. He was New Zealand's eighth Test captain and the first to achieve victory, both at home, against the West Indies in 1956, and away, against South Africa in 1962.
2026 VFL season
The 2026 VFL season is the upcoming 144th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), a second-tier Australian rules football competition played in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania. The season is scheduled to begin on 20 March and conclude on 20 September.

2020 VFL season
The 2020 VFL season was meant to have been the 139th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), a second-tier Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria. However, the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Astripomoea
Astripomoea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Convolvulaceae.

Its native range is Tropical and Southern Africa, Arabian Peninsula.

Species:

Astripomoea cephalantha (Hallier f.) Verdc.

Astripomoea delamereana (Rendle) Verdc.

Astripomoea grantii (Rendle) Verdc.

Astripomoea hyoscyamoides (Vatke) Verdc.

Astripomoea lachnosperma (Choisy) A.Meeuse

Astripomoea longituba Verdc.

Astripomoea malvacea (Klotzsch) A.Meeuse

Astripomoea nogalensis (Chiov.) Verdc.

Astripomoea polycephala (Hallier f.) Verdc.

Astripomoea procera Thulin

Astripomoea rotundata (Pilg.) A.Meeuse

Astripomoea tubiflora (Hallier f.) Verdc.

Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae (/kənˌvɒlvjəˈleɪsi.iː, -aɪ/), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several species are edible, the best known of which is the sweet potato.
Mount Allo
Mount Allo is a conspicuous conical, snow-covered peak, 285 m in height, which rises from Neyt Point on Kran Peninsula at the northeast end of Liege Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. Discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, and named after M. Allo, Director General de la Marine at Anvers (Antwerp).

Kran Peninsula
Kran Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Крън, romanized: poluostrov Kran, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈkrɤn]) is the heavily indented peninsula forming the northeast extremity of Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It extends 2.85 km (1.77 mi) in north-south direction and 2.35 km (1.46 mi) in east-west direction, ending up in Moureaux Point to the north and Neyt Point to the east, and connected to the rest of the island by a 200 m (660 ft) wide neck to the south.

The feature is named after the town of Kran in Southern Bulgaria.
1984 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1984 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 19 April 1984 and ended on 16 September 1984.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kilkenny in the All-Ireland semi-final.

On 16 September 1984, Limerick won the All-Ireland title following a 2-05 to 2-04 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final replay. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first title since 1958.

1958 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1958 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 28th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 6 April 1958 and ended on 7 September 1958.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth successive title, however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster quarter-final.

On 7 September 1958 Limerick won the championship following a 5-8 to 3-10 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title and their first in 15 championship seasons.
Frisk (confectionery)
Frisk is the name of a line of breath mint candies produced by Frisk International and distributed worldwide by Perfetti Van Melle. Frisk mints are small, pellet-like mint candies contained in a metal cartridge.

Mint (candy)
A mint or breath mint is a food item often consumed as an after-meal refreshment or before business and social engagements to improve breath odor. Mints are commonly believed to soothe the stomach, given their association with natural byproducts of the plant genus Mentha. Mints sometimes contain derivatives from plants such as peppermint oil or spearmint oil, or wintergreen from the plant genus Gaultheria. However, many of the most popular mints citing these natural sources contain none in their ingredient list or contain only trace amounts.
2004 Nebraska Democratic presidential primary
The 2004 Nebraska Democratic presidential primary  took place on May 11, 2004, along with West Virginia's primary. Nebraska's 24 pledged delegates were allocated based on the results of the primary.

Having already been the presumptive nominee for over two months, John Kerry won the primary by a considerable margin and earned all of the state's 24 delegates.

2004 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary
The 2004 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary was held on May 11 in the U.S. state of West Virginia as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 2004 presidential election.
Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2199
Star Blazers 2199, known in Japan as Space Battleship Yamato 2199 (宇宙戦艦ヤマト2199, Uchū Senkan Yamato Ni-ichi-kyū-kyū), is a 2012–2013 Japanese military science fiction anime television series that is a remake of the first Space Battleship Yamato television series created by Yoshinobu Nishizaki and Leiji Matsumoto in 1974, known in the United States as Star Blazers. The series is a space opera, and was originally screened back-to-back in theaters across Japan, a few episodes at a time prior to release on home video, and aired on television from April 7, 2013, to September 29, 2013. Voyager Entertainment currently licensed the series outside Japan, with Funimation streaming their English dub of the series starting on November 8, 2017.

Two movies based on the series were released in 2014: A Voyage to Remember and Odyssey of the Celestial Ark. A sequel series, Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2202, was released in theaters from 2017 to 2019.

Yoshinobu Nishizaki
Yoshinobu Nishizaki (西崎 義展, Nishizaki Yoshinobu; 18 December 1934 – 7 November 2010) was a Japanese film producer best known as one of the two co-creators of the anime series Space Battleship Yamato. He was sometimes credited as Yoshinori Nishizaki.  He was born in 1934 and graduated from the Nihon University Art Department. He also founded the studio Academy Productions which produced Space Battleship Yamato as well as the 1980 anime series; Space Emperor God Sigma for Toei Company.
Shangyang graciles
Shangyang (after the mythical Chinese rainbird) is an extinct genus of enantiornithean birds that lived in the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of what is now the Liaoning Province of China.  The type and only species is Shangyang graciles; the specific epithet is derived from the Latin word "gracilis", in reference to the slenderness of its limbs.

In 2025, Li and colleagues briefly described IVPP V26899, a nearly complete specimen with extensive preserved integument, referrable to the genus Shangyang based on characters of the premaxillae, tibiotarsus, and sternum. However, they refrained from assigning it to S. graciles due to differences in the sternum and furcula. The researchers studied melanosomes preserved in a feather of the specimen's head crest. They interpreted the melanosomes as indicative of red to deep blue iridescent coloration in that region.

Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.
Ajbelj
Ajbelj (pronounced [ˈaːi̯bəl]; in older sources also Ajbel; German: Aibel, also Eibel or Eibl) is a settlement in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It is a linear village standing on a hill above Kaptol. To the southeast is a karst polje with sinkholes where there are tilled fields, hay fields, and wooded land. There are large numbers of wild boar, bears, deer, foxes, and badgers in the area.

Kaptol, Kostel
Kaptol (pronounced [ˈkaːptɔu̯]) is a small settlement in the  Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
The One (Sasha album)
The One is the sixth regular studio album by German pop singer Sasha, released by Columbia Records on 5 December 2014 in German-speaking Europe. It marked his first studio album in five years, following the release of 2009's Good News on a Bad Day and Rock'n'Roll Therapy (2011), his second album with Dick Brave & The Backbeats.

Good News on a Bad Day
Good News on a Bad Day is the fifth regular studio album by German pop singer Sasha, released by Warner Music on 27 February 2009 in German-speaking Europe.

Featuring main production by Edo Zanki, the album became Sasha's highest-charting album since 2000's ...you, reaching number three on the German Albums Chart and the top twenty in Austria. It produced two singles, "Please Please Please" and "There She Goes".

The song "Wide Awake" features in the 2009 German film Lila, Lila, starring Daniel Brühl and Hannah Herzsprung.
Ajay Singh Chahar
Ajay Singh Chahar (15 August 1950 – 9 June 2020) was an Indian politician and diplomat from Agra, Uttar Pradesh. He was elected to 9th Lok Sabha representing Agra constituency after defeating Singh family who held the seat since independence. He was a member of Janata Dal.

He served as union deputy minister for railways in V. P. Singh Government. He was also elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council in 1986. He was India's High Commissioner to Fiji Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Cook Islands from 2005 to 2007. He also served a president of All India Jat Mahasabha briefly from 30 March 2013 to 12 May 2013.

9th Lok Sabha
The 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) was elected during elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the 1989 Indian general election.

Vishwanath Pratap Singh became the Prime Minister from 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990 with the help of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Left Parties. INC loses 207 seats as compared to previous 8th Lok Sabha after the 1984 Indian general election

Later Chandra Shekhar became Prime Minister from 10 November 1990 to 21 June 1991 with outside support from Indian National Congress under Rajiv Gandhi.

The next 10th Lok Sabha was formed on 20 June 1991 after the 1991 Indian general election.
Thermal adhesive
Thermal adhesive is a type of thermally conductive glue used for electronic components and heat sinks. It can be available as a paste (similar to thermal paste) or as a double-sided tape.

It is commonly used to bond integrated circuits to heatsinks where there are no other mounting mechanisms available.

The glue is typically a two-part epoxy resin (usually for paste products) or cyanoacrylate (for tapes). The thermally conductive material can vary including metals, metal oxides, silica or ceramic microspheres. The latter are found in products that have much higher dielectric strength, although this comes at the cost of lower thermal conductivity.

End-user modding heatsinks may be supplied with thermal adhesive attached (usually a piece of tape). For products sold through electronic components distributors this is rarely the case; the adhesives are sold separately to professionals.

Cyanoacrylate
Cyanoacrylates are a family of strong, fast-acting adhesives with industrial, medical, and household uses that are derived from ethyl cyanoacrylate and related esters. The cyanoacrylate group in the monomer rapidly polymerizes in the presence of water to form long, strong chains.

Specific cyanoacrylates include methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (MCA), ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA, commonly sold under trade names such as "Super Glue" and "Krazy Glue"), n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA), octyl cyanoacrylate, and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (used in medical, veterinary and first aid applications). Cyanoacrylate adhesives are sometimes known generically as instant glue, power glue, or super glue. The abbreviation "CA" is commonly used for industrial grade cyanoacrylate.
Anil Yashwant Tipnis
Air Chief Marshal Anil Yashwant Tipnis, PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC (born 15 September 1940) served as Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force from 31 December 1998 to 31 December 2001. He commanded the Air Force to distinction during the Kargil War, when the force flew air superiority and close air support at heights of over 18,000 feet

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Woodstock (novel)
Woodstock, or The Cavalier. A Tale of the Year Sixteen Hundred and Fifty-one is an 1826 historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, the 22nd in the series of Waverley novels. Set just after the English Civil War, it was inspired by the legend of the Good Devil of Woodstock, which in 1649 supposedly tormented parliamentary commissioners who had taken possession of a royal residence at Woodstock, Oxfordshire. The story deals with the escape of Charles II in 1652, during the Commonwealth, and his final triumphant entry into London on 29 May 1660.

Waverley novels
The Waverley novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe.

Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the series takes its name from Waverley, the first novel of the series, released in 1814. The later books bore the words "by the author of Waverley" on their title pages.

The Tales of My Landlord sub-series was not advertised as "by the author of Waverley" and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series.
1992 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21
The 1992 Tour de France was the 79th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in San Sebastián in Spain with a prologue individual time trial on 4 July and Stage 11 occurred on 15 July with a hilly stage from Strasbourg. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 26 July.

1992 Tour de France
The 1992 Tour de France was the 79th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 26 July. The total race distance was 21 stages and a prologue over 3,978 km (2,472 mi). In honor of the Maastricht Treaty, which created the European Union, the Tour visited a record seven countries: France, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and Italy.