hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deaths in January 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

2025 assassination of Iranian Supreme Court judges
On 18 January 2025, an attack took place at the Supreme Court of Iran, located inside the Palace of Justice in Tehran, Iran. Initial reports stated that the shooting occurred when a man armed with a knife entered, attacking a bodyguard before taking control of the bodyguard's handgun and opening fire. Two senior Qadi (Sharia judges), Ali Razini and Mohammad Moghiseh, died after being shot in their offices. A third judge survived his injuries.

The judges were reportedly adjudicating cases of student protesters, artists, intellectuals and activists in bench trials and had roles in the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners.

The perpetrator killed himself soon after the shooting, before he could be apprehended.  No potential motive has been released.
Oscar Hurtado
Oscar Hurtado (1919–1977) was a Cuban writer and journalist. He was born in Havana on August 8, 1919 and died on January 23, 1977. He was the son and grandson of fishermen, taught by his mother to read from age 2. Considered the father of Cuban science fiction, he might also be called the father of fantasy, police and horror literature on the Caribbean island. He has stood out as a writer not only for his work in these genres (although he cultivated almost all of them) but for his outreach work as well.

Daína Chaviano
Daína Chaviano (Spanish: [daˈina tʃaˈβjano]) (born 19 February 1957, Havana) is a Cuban-American writer of French and Asturian descent. She has lived in the United States since 1991.

She is considered one of the three most important female fantasy and science fiction writers in the Spanish language, along with Angélica Gorodischer (Argentina) and Elia Barceló (Spain), forming the so-called “feminine trinity of science fiction in Ibero-America.”

In Cuba, she published several science fiction and fantasy books, becoming the most renowned and best-selling author in those genres in Cuban literature.
1967–68 Algerian Cup
The 1967–68 Algerian Cup was the 5th edition of the Algerian Cup. ES Sétif won their second consecutive cup by defeating NA Hussein Dey 3-2 in the final after extra time.

CRB were also the defending champions, having beaten JSM Skikda in the previous year's cup final.

Algerian Cup
The Algerian Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر), also known as the Republic Cup (Arabic: كأس الجمهورية), is an annual knockout football competition in Algerian football, organized by the Algerian Football Federation.

The competition was founded in 1962 and is open to all eligible clubs of the Algerian football league system,. The winners automatically qualify for both the CAF Confederation Cup and the Algerian Super Cup the following year. If they have already qualified for CAF Confederation Cup through their league position, the Confederation Cup spot is given to the highest-placed team in the league who has not yet qualified.

USM Alger and CR Belouizdad are the most successful clubs in the competition, having won 9 titles. USM Alger have contested the most finals with 18  finals. USM Alger are also the most recent winners, having defeated rivals CR Belouizdad in the 2025 final held at the 	Nelson Mandela Stadium.
Dudleya pachyphytum
Dudleya pachyphytum is an insular succulent plant known by the common name Cedros Island liveforever. It is a member of the genus Dudleya, in the family Crassulaceae. Characterized by thick, blunt leaves covered in a white, powdery wax and adorned by white flowers in bloom, it is regarded as one of the most attractive and charismatic members of its genus. It is endemic to the foggy northern end of Mexico's Cedros Island, occupying an ecological niche shared with the Cedros Island Pine.

The plant is endangered due to poaching from organized criminals supplying succulent collectors, many of whom are located in Asia. The poachers include South Korean nationals and criminal gangs operating under the Mexican cartels. The demand from succulent collectors has led to overexploitation of the plant in the wild, and armed confrontations between competing poachers has contributed to several killings.

Epicuticular wax
Epicuticular wax is a waxy coating which covers the outer surface of the plant cuticle in land plants. It may form a whitish film or bloom on leaves, fruits and other plant organs. Chemically, it consists of hydrophobic organic compounds, mainly straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons with or without a variety of substituted functional groups. The main functions of the epicuticular wax are to decrease surface wetting and moisture loss. Other functions include reflection of ultraviolet light, assisting in the formation of an ultra-hydrophobic and self-cleaning surface and acting as an anti-climb surface.
Asia-Europe Museum Network
The Asia-Europe Museum Network (ASEMUS) is an international cross-cultural network of museums. The museums in the ASEMUS network are located in Europe and Asia in those countries belonging to ASEM, a forum for dialogue between Europe and Asia sponsored by the European Commission. ASEMUS has two key aims: (a) to promote wider mutual understanding between the peoples of Asia and Europe by means of collaborative programmes of museum-based cultural activity and (b) to stimulate and facilitate the sharing, use and knowledge of museum collections of mutual interest.

Asia–Europe Foundation
The Asia–Europe Foundation (ASEF) is an intergovernmental not-for-profit organization located in Singapore. Founded in 1997, it is the only institution of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM). Its purpose is to promote mutual understanding and cooperation between the people of Asia and Europe through intellectual, cultural, and people-to-people exchanges.

Every year, ASEF runs about 20 projects in Asia and Europe together with over 100 partner organisations, mainly conferences, seminars and workshops. More than 1,000 Asians and Europeans actively participate in its activities annually and it reaches much wider audiences through its networks, web-portals, publications, lectures and exhibitions.
Bothriurus olaen
Bothriurus olaen is a species of scorpion from the family Bothriuridae. It lives in mountains Sierras de Córdoba and San Luis Province in central Argentina. Little is known about their habitat, most likely they are mountain dwellers, and nothing is known about their venom. The body length is about 50 millimetres (2.0 in).

Bothriuridae
The Bothriuridae are a family of scorpions, comprising 151 species in 16 genera.

The family has representatives in temperate and subtropical habitats from four continents: South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. One genus (Cercophonius) has recently been discovered in the Himalayas.

The members of this family have a unique feature - the normally pentagonal sternum consists of two transverse bars (except Liposoma and Tehuankea) and is several times broader than long.
Puka Puka (Chumbivilcas)
Puka Puka (Quechua puka red, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, "a complex of red color", also spelled Pucapuca) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately  5,100 metres (16,732 ft). It is located in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Santo Tomás District. Puka Puka lies southeast of Wiska Tunqu.

The Sinqa Wayq'u ("nose brook") originates near the mountain. Its waters flow to the Apurímac River.

Huanzo mountain range
The Huanzo mountain range (possibly from in the Quechua spelling Wansu) lies in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 14°30 and 15°01'S and 72°10 and 73°15W for about 57 km. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, La Unión Province, in the Ayacucho Region, Parinacochas Province, and in the Chumbivilcas Province of the Cusco Region.
Stade Ange Casanova
The Stade Ange Casanova (Corsican: Stadiu Anghjulu Casanova) is a stadium in Ajaccio on the French island of Corsica. It is the home ground of football club Gazélec Ajaccio. It has a capacity of 8,000 people.

Formerly named the Stade Mezzavia, the stadium was built in 1961. It was renamed Stade Ange Casanova on 16 July 1994 in memory of Ange Casanova, ex-director of Gazélec. Before 1961, the club played at the Stade Miniconi.

Gazélec Ajaccio
Gazélec Football Club Ajaccio (Corsican: Gazélec Football Club Aiacciu), commonly referred to as GFC Ajaccio, GFCA, Gazélec Ajaccio or simply Gazélec (French: [ɡazelɛk]), is a French football club from Ajaccio, Corsica. Founded in 1910, Gazélec played one season in Ligue 1 in the 2015–16 season. As of the 2025–26 season, it competes in the Championnat National 3, the fifth tier of the French football league system.
They (song)
"They" is the first single released from Welsh singer Jem's debut album, Finally Woken (2004). It includes a sample of the Swingle Singers' 1963 adaptation of Johann Sebastian Bach's Prelude in F minor (BWV 881) from their album Jazz Sebastian Bach. Jem recorded the song's vocals in her mother's spare bedroom.

"They" was released in the United States in February 2004 and was issued worldwide the following year. The song became Jem's most successful single, reaching number six on the UK Singles Chart, number one in Hungary, and the top 10 in Greece, Ireland, and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Jazz Sebastian Bach
Jazz Sebastian Bach is a compilation album/re-issue of music by the Paris-based Swingle Singers.  It combines the tracks from two previous releases:

Tracks 1–13 from the 1963 album Bach's Greatest Hits, also known as Jazz Sébastien Bach Volume 1.

Tracks 14–23 from the 1968 album Back to Bach, also known as Jazz Sébastien Bach Volume 2.
2023 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The 2023 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior) were the 23nd continental championships for European under-23 and junior track cyclists, and the 13th since the event was renamed following the reorganisation of European track cycling in 2010. As in 2022, the event took place at the Velódromo Nacional Sangalhos in Anadia, Portugal from 11 to 16 July 2023.

UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The European Track Cycling Championships (under-23 & junior) are a set of competition events held annually for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling, exclusively for European cyclists under the ages of 23 and 18, and regulated by the European Cycling Union (UEC). They were first held in their current format in 2010, when a competition for elite level cyclists was devised and held for the first time following an overhaul of European track cycling.

Prior to 2010, similar age group championships were held for many years under the title of European Track Championships, a title now used solely for the elite championships. The Under 23 and Junior championships thereafter were run as an annual separate event under their current name.

In line with cycling tradition, winners of an event at the championships are presented with, in addition to the gold medal, a special, identifiable jersey. This UEC European Champion jersey is a blue jersey with gold European stars.
Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel (2017)
The Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel is a series of seven offshore patrol vessels (OPV) being built at the Kattupalli shipyard by L&T Shipbuilding for the Indian Coast Guard. These are long range surface ships which are capable of coastal and offshore patrolling.

Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. It operates in sectors including industrial technology, heavy industry, engineering, construction, manufacturing, power, information technology, defence, and financial services.

L&T was founded in 1938 in Bombay by Danish engineers Henning Holck-Larsen and Søren Kristian Toubro. As of  31 March 2022, the L&T Group consisted of 93 subsidiaries, 5 associate companies, 27 joint ventures, and 35 joint operations. As of 1 October 2023, S N Subrahmanyan serves as the chairman and managing director of L&T, having succeeded A M Naik.
Chinese people in Réunion
Chinois Réunionnais, also referred to in Réunion Creole as Sinwà Rényoné, are ethnic Chinese people residing in Réunion Island, a French overseas department situated in the Indian Ocean. As of 2000, roughly 25,000 or more lived on the island, making them one of the region's largest Chinese communities along with Sino-Mauritians, Sino-Seychellois, Chinese South Africans and Chinese people in Madagascar. As per 2021 census, it is estimated that 50,000 or more Overseas Chinese people now live in Réunion.

Chinese South Africans
Chinese South Africans (traditional Chinese: 華裔南非人; simplified Chinese: 华裔南非人) are Overseas Chinese who reside in South Africa, including those whose ancestors came to South Africa in the early 20th century until Chinese immigration was banned under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1904. Significant numbers of Taiwanese industrialists immigrated to South Africa between the 1970s and early 1990s, and post-apartheid immigrants to South Africa (predominantly from mainland China) now outnumber locally-born Chinese South Africans. South Africa has the largest population of ethnic Chinese people in Africa, and most of them live in Johannesburg, an economic hub in southern Africa.
John Alexander (New South Wales colonial politician)
John Alexander was an Australian politician.

He was a merchant who ran a firm in partnership with John Gilchrist and later with John Watt. He served in the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1856 to 1861. By the time he left the Council he was a squatter and acquired extensive pastoral land.

John Watt (politician)
John Brown Watt, MLC (16 May 1826 – 28 September 1897) was a Scottish-born Australian politician. He served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council in Sydney, and he was a board member of the Imperial Federation League in London. He was the founder of the Hospital for Sick Children, Glebe, and a director of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and a director of the Sydney Infirmary and Dispensary, and a director of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, and a director of the Union Bank of Australia (now the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited).
Yellowhead Mountain
Yellowhead Mountain is located west of Yellowhead Pass in Mount Robson Provincial Park and straddles the Continental Divide marking the Alberta-British Columbia border. It was named for Pierre Bostonais aka Tête Jaune. The mountain has four officially named summits: Bingley Peak, Leather Peak, Lucerne Peak, and Tête Roche.

Mount Robson Provincial Park
Mount Robson Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian Rockies with an area of 2,249 km2. The park is located entirely within British Columbia, bordering Jasper National Park in Alberta. The B.C. legislature created the park in 1913, the same year as the first ascent of Mount Robson by a party led by Conrad Kain. It is the second-oldest park in the provincial system.  The park is named for Mount Robson, which has the highest point in the Canadian Rockies and is located entirely within the park.
Β-Amanitin
β-Amanitin (beta-Amanitin) is a cyclic peptide comprising eight amino acids. It is part of a group of toxins called amatoxins, which can be found in several mushrooms belonging to the genus Amanita.  Some examples are the death cap (Amanita phalloides) and members of the destroying angel complex, which includes A. virosa and A. bisporigera.  Due to the presence of α-Amanitin, β-Amanitin, γ-Amanitin and epsilon-Amanitin these mushrooms are highly lethal to human beings.

Cyclic peptide
Cyclic peptides are polypeptide chains which contain a circular sequence of bonds. This can be through a connection between the amino and carboxyl ends of the peptide, for example in cyclosporin; a connection between the amino end and a side chain, for example in bacitracin; the carboxyl end and a side chain, for example in colistin; or two side chains or more complicated arrangements, for example in alpha-amanitin. Many cyclic peptides have been discovered in nature and many others have been synthesized in the laboratory. Their length ranges from just two amino acid residues to hundreds. In nature they are frequently antimicrobial or toxic; in medicine they have various applications, for example as antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents.
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a convenient method to detect cyclic peptides in crude extract from bio-mass.
Minister of State (Greece)
The Minister of State (Greek: Υπουργός Επικρατείας) is a position within the Cabinet of Greece.

There are currently two Ministers of State serving in the Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis: Kostis Hatzidakis, who also serves as Deputy Prime Minister, and Akis Skertsos.

Cabinet of Greece
The cabinet of Greece, officially called the Ministerial Council (Greek: Yπουργικό Συμβούλιο), constitutes the Government of Greece (Greek: Κυβέρνηση της Ελλάδας). It is the collective decision-making body of the Hellenic Republic, composed of the Prime Minister and the Ministers. One or more Ministers may be appointed Vice President of the Government (Αντιπρόεδρος της Κυβερνήσεως, Deputy Prime Minister), by decree initiated by the Prime Minister. Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

The Council defines and directs the general policy of the Country, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the laws. It is regulated by the Constitution of Greece.

The Council meets at the building of the Maximos Mansion since July 2019. The meetings are chaired by the Prime Minister.
St Mary's Church, Llanfair-yn-Neubwll
St Mary's Church was a Church in Wales parish church in Llanfair-yn-Neubwll, Anglesey, Wales. The current building was constructed in the 14th century, possibly on the site of a 12th-century church. It was restored in 1857. The church was deconsecrated in the 1970s and is a Grade II-listed building.

Llanfair-yn-Neubwll
Llanfair-yn-Neubwll is a village and community on the Isle of Anglesey in the north west of Wales. The community includes the villages of Llanfihangel yn Nhowyn and Caergeiliog, and had a population of 1,688, increasing to 1,874 at the 2011 census.  The community is heavily connected to the nearby Royal Air Force airfield, RAF Valley, established on Tywyn Trewan during the Second World War, and still in use. Due to the airfield, Llanfair-yn-Neubwll is one of the most anglicised of the communities on Anglesey.

Llanfair-yn-Neubwll lies on the western coast of Anglesey, looking out towards Holy Island. Notable geographic features of the area include the offshore rocks of Ynys Feirig and the eight lakes known as Ardal y Llynnoedd ("Lake District"). Many of the lakes are included in the Valley Wetlands RSPB reserve. The community is served by the nearby railway station at Valley on the North Wales Coast Line. This provides connections to Holyhead, Wrexham, Chester, Crewe and Birmingham.
Modified milk ingredients
Modified milk ingredients also called natural milk constituents are umbrella terms for a group of milk products which have an altered chemical state from that which is naturally found in milk. This includes casein, caseinates, whey products (including whey butter and whey cream), cultured milk products (including yogurt, sour cream and cultured buttermilk), ultrafiltered milk, milk protein concentrate, milk serum proteins and fats. Since the products vary considerably in composition, there is also a large variation in their nutritional value, and this has been a source of public concern as they are sometimes used to entirely replace milk or other more recognizable dairy products.

Ultrafiltered milk
Ultrafiltered milk, also known as UF milk, UF skim, or diafiltered milk, is a subclassification of milk protein concentrate that is produced by passing milk under pressure through a thin, porous membrane to separate the components of milk according to size. Specifically, ultrafiltration allows the smaller lactose, water, mineral, and vitamin molecules to pass through the membrane, while the larger protein and fat molecules (key components for making cheese) are retained and concentrated. (Depending on the intended use of the UF milk product, the fat in whole milk may be removed before filtration.) The removal of water and lactose reduces the volume of milk, and thereby lowers its transportation and storage costs.

Ultrafiltration makes cheese manufacturing more efficient. Ultrafiltered milk is also sold directly to consumers under brands like Fairlife and Simply Smart (discontinued in May 2022), who tout its higher protein content, lower sugar content, and creamier taste.
Birling, Northumberland
Birling is a small settlement in the civil parish of Warkworth, in the county of Northumberland, England. It is situated immediately to the north of the village of Warkworth on the A1068, separated from Warkworth by the River Coquet. There are facilities for static and touring caravans at Birling. To the east are Warkworth Golf Club, Birling Links and beach.

Birling Manor, an 18th-century house, with an extension dated 1752, is a Grade II listed building. The 19th century coach house and 18th century hen house, associated with Birling Manor, are also both listed buildings.

Warkworth, Northumberland
Warkworth is a village in Northumberland, England. It is probably best known for its well-preserved medieval castle, church and hermitage. The population of Warkworth was 1,574 in 2011, increasing to 1,772 at the 2021 Census.

The village is situated in a loop of the River Coquet, about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Northumberland coast and lies on the main A1068 road. It is 30 miles (48 km) north of Newcastle, and about 40 miles (64 km) south of the Scottish border. An ancient bridge of two arches crosses the river at Warkworth, with a fortified gateway on the road mounting to the castle, the site of which is surrounded on three sides by the river.

Warkworth is popular with visitors for its old buildings, its walks by the River Coquet, and its proximity to the Northumberland Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). It is twinned with Warkworth, New Zealand, which is named after it.
1990–91 Primera División finals
The 1990–91 Argentine Primera División finals were the matches to define the 1990–91 season of Argentine Primera División. It was played between Newell's Old Boys (winners of 1990 Apertura) and Boca Juniors (winners of 1991 Clausura).

The 1990–91 season was the first played under the Apertura and Clausura format, a single round-robin tournament format that lasted for several years in Primera División. Both finalists played a two-legged tie series in order to decide the champion of the whole season.

It was the 5th. league final contested by Boca Juniors after 1923 (won a four-matches series v Huracán) and 1929 (lost v  Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata), 1970, and 1976. On the other hand, it was the 1st league final played by Newell's Old Boys.

The matches were held in the Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, and La Bombonera. Newell's won their 3rd. league title after defeating Boca Juniors 3–1 on penalties.

1990–91 Argentine Primera División
The 1990–91 Argentine Primera División was the 100th season of top-flight professional football in Argentina. This season saw the introduction of the Apertura and Clausura system in Argentina. The season began on 20 August 1990 and ended on 30 June 1991.

Newell's Old Boys won the 1990 Apertura and Boca Juniors won the 1991 Clausura. Unlike following seasons, Apertura and Clausura titles were not officially recognised by the AFA so both teams had to play a two-legged final to crown a champion for the entire season. After a 1–1 tie on aggregate, Newell's Old Boys won the championship 3–1 by penalty shoot-out.

San Lorenzo won the Liguilla pre-Libertadores after beating Boca Juniors, therefore qualifying to the 1992 edition.