hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tredozio
Tredozio (Romagnol: Tardozî) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Forlì.

Tredozio borders the following municipalities: Marradi, Modigliana, Portico e San Benedetto, Rocca San Casciano.

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Kamil Al-Aswad
Kamil Hasan Abdulla Ahmed Hasan Al-Aswad, often known as "Komail" (Arabic: كَمِيل حَسَن عَبْد الله أَحْمَد حَسَن الْأَسْوَد; born 8 April 1994), is a Bahraini professional footballer who plays for Al-Arabi and the Bahrain national football team.

Bahraini Premier League
The Bahraini Premier League is the main domestic football competition in the kingdom of Bahrain. Currently known as the Nasser bin Hamad Premier League, the first season was held in 1956–1957. The winners of the domestic championship qualify for the AFC Champions League Two. The championship is currently contested by 12 clubs.
Aurora (Reni)
L'Aurora (Aurora) is a large Baroque ceiling fresco painted in 1614 by Guido Reni for the Casino, or garden house, adjacent to the Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi, in Rome. The work is considered Reni's fresco masterpiece.

Paul Bril
Paul Bril (1554 – 7 October 1626) was a Flemish painter and printmaker principally known for his landscapes.  He spent most of his active career in Rome. His Italianate landscapes had a major influence on landscape painting in Italy and Northern Europe.
John Averell
John Averell was an Irish bishop in the third quarter of the 18th century.

A former Dean of Emly, Averell was Dean of Limerick from 1766 until 1770. He was nominated Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe on 14 December 1770 and consecrated on 6 January the following year. He died on 14 September 1771.

Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe was the Ordinary of the Church of Ireland diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe, which was in the Province of Cashel until 1833, then afterwards in the Province of Dublin.
Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whanganui-a-Orotu
Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whanganui-a-Orotu is a tribal division within the Māori iwi (tribe) of Ngāti Kahungunu in New Zealand's Hawke's Bay Region. It consists of a number of hapū (sub-tribes) located within a rohe (tribal area) east of Hawke Bay that includes the city of Napier and parts of the surrounding Hastings District.

Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whanganui-a-Orotu. Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa is located to the north. Ngāti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga, Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamatea, Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamakinui a Rua and Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa are located to the south. The Wairoa, Heretaunga and Wairarapa divisions are traditionally larger than Te Whanganui-a-Orotu and the other two divisions.

Hapū
In Māori and New Zealand English, a hapū ("subtribe", or "clan") functions as "the basic political unit within Māori society".  A Māori person can belong to or have links to many hapū. Historically, each hapū had its own chief and normally operated independently of its iwi (tribe).
Lloyd A. Jeffress
Lloyd Alexander Jeffress (November 15, 1900 – April 2, 1986) was an acoustical scientist, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Texas at Austin, and a developer of mine-hunting models for the US Navy during World War II and after, Jeffress was known to psychologists for his pioneering research on auditory masking in psychoacoustics, his stimulus-oriented approach to signal-detection theory in psychophysics, and his "ingenious" electronic and mathematical models of the auditory process.

Jeffress received the first-ever silver medal in Psychological and Physiological Acoustics from the Acoustical Society of America in 1977 for "extensive contributions in psychoacoustics, particularly binaural hearing, and for the example he has set as a teacher and scholar."

Edward C. Tolman
Edward Chace Tolman (April 14, 1886 – November 19, 1959) was an American psychologist and a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Through Tolman's theories and works, he founded what is now a branch of psychology known as purposive behaviorism. Tolman also promoted the concept known as latent learning first coined by Blodgett (1929). A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Tolman as the 45th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Tolman was one of the leading figures in protecting academic freedom during the McCarthy era in early 1950s. In recognition of Tolman's contributions to both the development of psychology and academic freedom, the Education and Psychology building on Berkeley campus, the "Tolman Hall", was named after him.
1st NFL Honors
The 1st NFL Honors was the inaugural ceremony of the NFL Honors, an awards show presented by the National Football League, to salute the best players and plays from the 2011 NFL season. The event was held at the Murat Theatre in Indianapolis, Indiana, on February 4, 2012 and was hosted by Alec Baldwin. The show aired on NBC and recorded a 2.2 rating with 3.524 million viewers.

NFL Honors
The NFL Honors is an annual awards presentation in the National Football League (NFL). From 2012 to 2021, it was held on the day before the Super Bowl. Since 2022, the ceremony has been held on the Thursday before the Super Bowl in the game's host city. The presentation was pre-recorded for same-day broadcast from 2012 to 2020.
Grande Riviere
Grande Riviere is a village on the north coast of Trinidad located between Toco and Matelot.  The area was originally settled by immigrants from Venezuela and Tobago who cultivated cacao and subsistence crops.  After falling cocoa prices in the 1920s and expanding pest problems caused the collapse of the cocoa industry, Grande Riviere went into a decline which continued until the development of ecotourism.  Between 1931 and 2000 the population of Grande Riviere fell from 718 to 334.

Grande Riviere is one of the more remote settlement in Trinidad and Tobago.  It is 60 kilometres from Sangre Grande and 100 km from the capital Port of Spain.  It is accessible via a single paved road which runs from Toco to its east and is separated from the rest of the island by the hills of the Northern Range.

Toco
Toco is the most northeasterly village on the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago. The island of Tobago is 35 kilometres (22 mi) to the northeast, making Toco the closest point in Trinidad to the sister island. The name Toco was ascribed to the area by its early Amerindian inhabitants. The meaning of the name is uncertain.

Punta Galera (now Galera Point) is one of the sights of Toco. Galera is a slight corruption of the word "galea", the name originally given to the southeastern point, Galeota Point, by Christopher Columbus. The name was accidentally given to this point as well. The name stuck and it remains a popular tourist destination. The Galera Point Lighthouse in Toco was built in 1897 and today is surrounded by a park and picnic area.
Sangre Azteca
Sangre Azteca (Spanish for "Aztec Blood") (born October 5, 1975) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler is primarily known for his work for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). Sangre Azteca's real name is not revealed in public, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. He is part of the rudo stable "Poder Mexica" along with Dragon Rojo Jr. and Misterioso Jr.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Adem Demaçi
Adem Demaçi (pronounced [dɛmatʃi] ⓘ; 26 February 1936 – 26 July 2018) was a Kosovo Albanian author, politician, and human rights defender. He became notable during the breakup of Yugoslavia for suggesting the creation of Balkania in 1996, a hypothetical confederacy proposed as an independent successor state to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the Balkans.

Republic of Kosova
The Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës), also known as the First Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Parë e Kosovës), was a self-declared proto-state in Southeast Europe established in 1991. During its peak, it tried to establish its own parallel political institutions in opposition to the institutions of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija held by Yugoslavia's Republic of Serbia.
Spacefiller
In Conway's Game of Life and related cellular automata, a spacefiller is a pattern that spreads out indefinitely, eventually filling the entire space with a still life pattern. It typically consists of three components: stretchers that resemble spaceships at the four corners of the pattern, a growing boundary region along the edges of the pattern, and the still life in the interior pattern.

It resembles a breeder in that both types of patterns have a quadratic growth rate in their numbers of live cells, and in both having a three-component architecture. However, in a breeder the moving part of the breeder (corresponding to the stretcher) leaves behind a fixed sequence of glider guns which fill space with gliders, moving objects (gliders or spaceships) rather than still life patterns. With a spacefiller, unlike a breeder, every point in the space eventually becomes part of the space-filling still life pattern.

Still life (cellular automaton)
In Conway's Game of Life and other cellular automata, a still life is a pattern that does not change from one generation to the next. The term comes from the art world where a still life painting or photograph depicts an inanimate scene. In cellular automata, a still life can be thought of as an oscillator with unit period.
Cultural and Social History
Cultural and Social History is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering cultural and social history published by Routledge five times a year on behalf of the Social History Society. It was established in 2004.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
Solvent drag
Solvent drag, also known as bulk transport, refers to solutes in the ultrafiltrate that are transported back from the renal tubule by the flow of water rather than specifically by ion pumps or other membrane transport proteins. This is a phenomenon primarily in renal physiology, but it also occurs in gastrointestinal physiology.

It generally occurs in the paracellular, rather than transcellular, pathway between the tubular cells.

It is seen e.g. in the passive transport in renal sodium reabsorption, renal chloride reabsorption as well as renal urea handling.

Renal urea handling
Renal urea handling is the part of renal physiology that deals with the reabsorption and secretion of urea. Movement of large amounts of urea across cell membranes is made possible by urea transporter proteins.

Urea allows the kidneys to create hyperosmotic urine (urine that has more ions in it - is "more concentrated" - than that same person's blood plasma). Preventing the loss of water in this manner is important if the person's body must save water in order to maintain a suitable blood pressure or (more likely) in order to maintain a suitable concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasma.

About 40% of the urea filtered is normally found in the final urine, since there is more reabsorption than secretion along the nephron.

It is regulated by antidiuretic hormone, which controls the amount reabsorbed in the collecting duct system and secreted into the loop of Henle.
2023 Arnold Clark Cup squads
This article lists the squads for the 2023 Arnold Clark Cup, the second edition of the Arnold Clark Cup. The cup consisted of a series of friendly games, and were held in England from 16 to 22 February 2023. The four national teams involved in the tournament could register a maximum of 26 players.

The age listed for each player is on 16 February 2023, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament. The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match prior to the tournament. The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated. A flag is included for coaches that are of a different nationality than their own national team.

Arnold Clark Cup
The Arnold Clark Cup was an invitational women's association football tournament hosted by the Football Association in England, starting in 2022. It was named after car retailer Arnold Clark, who signed a multi-year sponsorship deal. ITV acted as the competition's domestic broadcast partner.

Played during the February/March international break, the Arnold Clark Cup took place at the same time as other notable international women's invitational tournaments such as the Algarve Cup, the Cup of Nations, the Cyprus Women's Cup, the Istria Cup, the Pinatar Cup, the SheBelieves Cup, the Tournoi de France, the Turkish Women's Cup and the Women's Revelations Cup.

England won both editions of the tournament, back-to-back in 2022 and 2023. It has not been held since the introduction of the UEFA Women's Nations League and its link with the UEFA Women's Championship and FIFA Women's World Cup qualifiers.
Buryat Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The First Secretary of the Buryat regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Buryat ASSR (until July 7, 1958, Buryat–Mongol ASSR) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in August 1923, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Nasirec
Nasirec (pronounced [naˈsiːɾəts]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It lies on the road from Kozina towards the border with Italy.

The local church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and belongs to the Parish of Draga.

Mihele
Mihele (pronounced [miˈxeːlɛ]; in older sources Miheli, Italian: Micheli) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina in the Littoral region of Slovenia on the border with Italy.

The parish church just outside the settlement is dedicated to the Prophet Elijah. The parish is known as the Draga Parish, although the actual village of Draga (obsolete Italian: Draga Santa Elia or Draga Sant'Elia) is now on the Italian side of the border. It  belongs to the Koper Diocese.
2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships
The 2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships (officially known as the SELANGOR Badminton Asia Team Championships 2024 presented by PKNS for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth edition of Badminton Asia Team Championships, held at the Setia City Convention Centre in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, from 13 to 18 February 2024. This championships was organised by the Badminton Asia along with Badminton Association of Malaysia as the host organiser. It was sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation. It also served as the Asian qualifiers for the 2024 Thomas & Uber Cup to be held in Chengdu, China. Malaysia and Indonesia were the defending champions of the men's and women's category respectively.

Badminton Asia Team Championships
The Badminton Asia Team Championships is a biennial tournament organized by Badminton Asia to crown the best men's and women's national badminton teams in Asia.

It started as a standalone event for both men's and women's teams since 2016 and both the team events are conducted simultaneously by Badminton Asia Confederation.
All Saints Church, Chadshunt
All Saints Church is a redundant Anglican church in the parish of Chadshunt, Warwickshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  It stands by the side of the road from Kineton to Southam.  Its general appearance is "long, low and massive".

Molding (decorative)
Molding (spelled moulding and alternatively called coving in British and Australian English), is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster, but may be of plastic or reformed wood.  In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.  In historic architecture, and some expensive modern buildings, it may be formed in place with plaster.

A "plain" molding has right-angled upper and lower edges. A "sprung" molding has upper and lower edges that bevel towards its rear,  allowing mounting between two non-parallel planes (such as a wall and a ceiling), with an open space behind. Moldings may be decorated with paterae as long, uninterrupted elements may be boring for eyes.
Francis, Duke of Teck
Francis, Duke of Teck (Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander; 28 August 1837 – 21 January 1900), known as Count Francis von Hohenstein until 1863, was an Austrian-born nobleman who married into the British royal family. His wife, Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, was a first cousin of Queen Victoria. He was the father of Queen Mary, the consort of King George V, and thus maternal grandfather of both Edward VIII and George VI. Francis held the Austrian title of Count of Hohenstein (Graf von Hohenstein), and the German titles of Prince (Fürst) and later Duke of Teck (Herzog von Teck), and was given the style of Serene Highness in 1863. He was granted the British style of Highness in 1887.

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
Million Book Project
The Million Book Project (or the Universal Library) was a book digitization project led by Raj Reddy at Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science and University Libraries from 2001 to 2008. Working with government and research partners in India (Digital Library of India) and China, the project scanned books in many languages, using OCR to enable full text searching, and providing free-to-read access to the books on the web. As of 2007, they have completed the scanning of 1 million books and have made the entire catalog accessible online.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Telecommunications in Singapore
The telecommunication infrastructure of Singapore spans the entire city-state. Its development level is high, with close accessibility to the infrastructure from nearly all inhabited parts of the island and for all of the population, with exceptions. Today, the country is considered an international telecommunications hub, an achievement that was driven by Singapore's view that high-quality telecommunications is one of the critical factors that support its economic growth.

Mobile virtual network operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).
2026 Bunge Prairie Pinnacle
The 2026 Bunge Prairie Pinnacle, the provincial women's curling championship for Saskatchewan, was held from January 5 to 11 at the CN Community Centre in Melville, Saskatchewan. The winning Jolene Campbell rink will represent Saskatchewan at the 2026 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Mississauga, Ontario. The event was held in conjunction with the 2026 SaskTel Tankard, the provincial men's championship.

Melville, Saskatchewan
Melville is a city in the east-central portion of Saskatchewan, Canada. The city is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of Regina and 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Yorkton. Melville is bordered by the rural municipalities of Cana No. 214 and Stanley No. 215. Its population at the 2016 census was 4,562, making it Saskatchewan's smallest city. It is also home of hockey's Melville Millionaires, who compete in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, and baseball's Melville Millionaires, who competed in the Western Canadian Baseball League until 2019.