hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carmichael number
In number theory, a Carmichael number is a composite number ⁠⁠ which in modular arithmetic satisfies the congruence relation:

for all integers ⁠⁠. The relation may also be expressed in the form:

for all integers  that are relatively prime to ⁠⁠. They are infinite in number.

They constitute the comparatively rare instances where the strict converse of Fermat's Little Theorem does not hold.  This fact precludes the use of that theorem as an absolute test of primality.

The Carmichael numbers form the subset K1 of the Knödel numbers.

The Carmichael numbers were named after the American mathematician Robert Carmichael by Nicolaas Beeger, in 1950. Øystein Ore had referred to them in 1948 as numbers with the "Fermat property", or "F numbers" for short.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Joe Girard
Joseph Samuel Girardi (November 1, 1928 – February 28, 2019), better known as Joe Girard, was an American salesman, motivational speaker, and author.  Girard sold 13,001 cars at a Chevrolet dealership between 1963 and 1978, and was recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the seller of the most cars in a year (1,425 in 1973). Girard later became a successful motivational speaker, and gave regular presentations for corporate clients including General Motors, Hewlett-Packard, and Kmart. He resided in Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan, until his death.

Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans
The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans is a nonprofit organization based in Alexandria, Virginia. It was founded in 1947 to promote and ensure the American Dream for future generations, honor the achievements of outstanding Americans who have succeeded in spite of adversity, and to emphasize the importance of higher education. The association is named after Horatio Alger, a 19th-century author of hundreds of dime novels in the "rags-to-riches" genre who extolled the importance of perseverance and hard work.

The association gives the annual Horatio Alger Award to exemplars of its ideals. It also grants scholarships and describes itself as the largest provider of need-based scholarships in the United States. All scholarships are funded by the members of the Horatio Alger Association. As of 2024, the association had given "more than $265 million in college scholarships to roughly 37,000 students".
Otobe, Hokkaido
Otobe (乙部町, Otobe-chō) is a town located in Hiyama Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 3,925, and a density of 24 persons per km2. The total area is 162.55 km2.

Hiyama Subprefecture
Hiyama Subprefecture (檜山振興局, Hiyama-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan located on the Oshima Peninsula on the Sea of Japan side. It includes Okushiri Island. It was established in 1897.
Turkey viral hepatitis
The aetiological agent of turkey viral hepatitis is a virus from the Picornaviridae family.

The disease is restricted to turkeys and is highly contagious but usually subclinical. It is usually present in young birds under the age of 6 weeks.

It has been seen in Canada, Italy, the US and the UK.

Transmission is thought to be via the faeces and vertical transmission may also occur.

Picornavirus
Picornaviruses are a group of related nonenveloped RNA viruses which infect vertebrates including fish, mammals, and birds. They are viruses that represent a large family of small, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a 30 nm icosahedral capsid. The viruses in this family can cause a range of diseases including the common cold, poliomyelitis,  meningitis, hepatitis, and paralysis.

Picornaviruses constitute the family Picornaviridae, order Picornavirales, and realm Riboviria. There are 159 species in this family, assigned to 68 genera, most of which belong to 5 subfamilies. Notable examples are genera Enterovirus (including Rhinovirus and Poliovirus), Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, and Hepatovirus.
UK railway signalling
The railway signalling system used across the majority of the United Kingdom rail network uses lineside signals to control the movement and speed of trains.

The modern-day system mostly uses two, three, and four aspect colour-light signals using track circuit – or axle counter – block signalling. It is a development of the original absolute block signalling that is still being used on many secondary lines. The use of lineside signals in Britain is restricted to railways with a maximum speed limit of up to 125 miles per hour (201 km/h). This is the maximum speed at which the train can travel safely using line-side signalling; if the train runs any faster, it will not be possible for the train driver to safely read colour-light signalling.  Trains operating at speeds faster than 125 mph (for example on High Speed 1) use an in-cab signalling system that automatically determines and calculates speed restrictions.

Signal passed at danger
A signal passed at danger (SPAD) is an event on a railway where a train passes a stop signal without authority. This is also known as running a red, in the United States as a stop signal overrun (SSO) and in Canada as passing a stop signal. SPAD is defined by Directive 2014/88/EU as any occasion when any part of a train proceeds beyond its authorised movement. Unauthorised movement means to pass either:

a trackside colour light signal or semaphore at danger, or an order to stop where a train protection system (TPS) is not operational

the end of a safety-related movement authority provided in a TPS

a point communicated by verbal or written authorisation laid down in regulations

stop boards (buffer stops are not included) or hand signals
Großkarolinenfeld
Großkarolinenfeld (German pronunciation: [ɡʁoːskaʁoˈliːnənfɛlt]) is a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria in Germany.

It is located at the Munich–Rosenheim railway. The Großkarolinenfeld station is served about once per hour by local trains of the company Bayerische Regiobahn.

There are 41 official boroughs of Großkarolinenfeld. The larger ones are Großkarolinenfeld itself, Jarezöd (also known as Dred), Hilperting, Tattenhausen and Thann, the smaller ones are mostly farmsteads, namely Alsterloh, Ametsbichl, Aschach, Auberg, Bach, Bichl, Buchrain, Deutlstätt, Ester, Filzen, Frauenholz, Gröben, Gutmart, Haslau, Hohenaich, Hub, Kirchsteig, Kolberg, Krabichl, Lehen, Linden, Mühlbach, Naglstätt, Öd, Ödenhub, Petzenbichl, Rann, Ried, Riedhof, Rott, Schlimmerstätt, Schwaig, Stolz, Thonbichl, Vogl, and Zweckstätt.

Three rivers are located in the borough of Großkarolinenfeld: The Aschach and the Erlbach discharge into the Rott.

Rosenheim (district)
Rosenheim is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Bavaria, Germany.
Neighboring districts are, clockwise from the west, Miesbach, Munich, Ebersberg, Mühldorf, and Traunstein, with the Austrian province Tirol  across the southern border.
The district entirely surrounds the city of Rosenheim, which is independently administered but hosts the district's administration; both the city and the district share the "RO" designation for their license plates.
Tomás Ó Reaftaraigh
Tomás Ó Reaftaraigh, Irish scribe, fl. 1899.

Ó Reaftaraigh is an obscure scribe, a native of County Galway. Very few of his works seem to survive. Among those that have were transcriptions of poems by the brothers Marcus and Peatsaí Ó Callanáin. These were later incorporated into Filíocht na gCeannanáin, published in 1967 by Seán Ó Ceallaigh.

His surname, though spelled differently, is the same as Antoine Ó Raifteiri. Its original form was Ó Reachtaire, and is mostly found in County Mayo and County Galway, now in the form Raftery.

Peatsaí Ó Callanáin
Peatsaí Ó Callanáin (c. 1791-1865) was an Irish poet.

Younger brother of Marcas Ó Callanáin, Peatsaí is said to have been the better known of the two. He attended a local school in Craughwell, and later attended one or both the schools of Anthony O'Brien at Athenry, or of the (Dominican) Brothers at Esker, County Galway.

He was for a time a rival of Antoine Ó Raifteiri but they later became good friends.

In 1967, Seán Ó Ceallaigh - principal of Craughwell National School - produced an edition of their poems.
Viggiù
Viggiù (Italian: [vidˈdʒu]; Varesino: Vigiǘu [ʋiˈdʒyː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Milan and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Varese, on the border with Switzerland.

Viggiù borders the following municipalities: Arcisate, Besano, Bisuschio, Cantello, Clivio, Meride (Switzerland), Saltrio.

Arcisate
Arcisate is a comune (municipality) in the province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy. The celebrated Arcisate Treasure of Roman silverware was found in the town in the nineteenth century. It is now in the British Museum.
Henryka Sienkiewicza Street
Sienkiewicza Street is a long thoroughfare laid in the mid-1860s in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontage carries several tenements which have kept their original architectural features and their historical importance.

Balcony
A balcony (from Italian: balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. They are commonly found on multi-level houses, apartments, and cruise ships.
Lecture Room
Lecture Room is a Chinese television programme produced by China Central Television (CCTV), in which scholars from various disciplines are invited to provide lectures. It was first broadcast on 9 July 2001 on CCTV-10. In its early days, featured topics included biology, physics, economics, history and literature, and the lecturers were from around the world. Its focus has gradually changed, as recent programmes focus more on Chinese history and Chinese culture.

The show's title is literally translated as The Hundred Schools of Thought Forum. Lecture Room is only an English adaptation of its Chinese title.

China Central Television
China Central Television (CCTV) is the national television broadcaster of the People's Republic of China. Established in 1958 as Peking Television, it was renamed as CCTV in 1978 and became a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network. It is operated by China Media Group, supervised by National Radio and Television Administration, and led by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Freedom House and The Guardian commented that CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies.
Jameh Mosque of Khansar
The Jāmeh Mosque of Khansar (Persian: مسجد جامع خوانسار; Arabic: جامع خوانسار) is a Shi'ite Friday mosque (jāmeh), located near the entrance of the city of Khansar, adjacent to the old cemetery, in the province of Isfahan, Iran.

The mosque was completed during the 12th-century and was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 1 November 1975, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
GWR 4900 Class 4979 Wootton Hall
GWR 4900 Class 4-6-0 No. 4979 Wootton Hall is a Hall class 4-6-0 steam locomotive. It was built at Swindon, February 1930, and was one of 258 Hall class steam locomotives constructed.

Its first shed allocation was Plymouth Laira and after 32 years of service it ended up at Oxford. During this time it was allocated to sheds in Penzance, Tyseley, Severn Tunnel Junction, Cardiff Canton, and ended its days in the London Division of the Western Region of British Railways, based at Southall, Reading, Didcot and finally Oxford in July 1958. It was used for a variety of duties including fast passenger service and freight.

It was withdrawn from service in December 1963 and acquired by Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, South Wales, in June 1964.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
José Ramiro Suárez Soruco
José Ramiro Suárez Soruco (born March 16, 1939) is a Bolivian business executive and academic researcher who was the executive president of Bolivian oil company Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) during the government of Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé.

He has held a range of leadership and research positions throughout the southern cone, working for YPFB, the Organization of American States, and a range of companies and national governments. Since 1988 he is a member of the Bolivian National Academy of Sciences.

A widely published researcher, Suarez is an expert on paleozoic biostratigraphy, invertebrate paleontology, national parks, wild life sanctuaries, and paleoecology. Among other distinctions in 1997 he received the Robert Dott Memorial Award from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.

Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé
Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé (born 2 March 1956) is a Bolivian judge who briefly served as the 64th president of Bolivia from 2005 to 2006 on an interim basis following the resignation of President Carlos Mesa during the 2005 political crisis. Prior to his temporary role as president, he was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Bolivia.
Soko J-21 Jastreb
The Soko J-21 Jastreb (from Serbian Cyrillic: јастреб, lit. 'hawk'), referred to as the J-1 Jastreb in some sources, is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engined, light attack aircraft, designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI) and Military Technical Institute (VTI), in Belgrade, and manufactured by SOKO in Mostar. Derived from the G-2 Galeb advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, it was designed in single-seat ground-attack and two-seat advanced flying/weapon training versions.

Armstrong Siddeley Viper
The Armstrong Siddeley Viper is a British turbojet engine developed and produced by Armstrong Siddeley and then by its successor companies Bristol Siddeley and Rolls-Royce Limited. It entered service in 1953 and remained in use with the Royal Air Force, powering its Dominie T1 navigation training aircraft, until January 2011.
Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.  Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. 
They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Colin Mudie
Colin Mudie (11 April 1926 – 11 March 2020) was an Edinburgh-born yacht designer, author, naval historian, balloonist, and advocate for the handicapped sailor. He studied engineering at Southampton University, before working under yacht designers including Laurent Giles and Uffa Fox. He then set up his own firm.
He received the award of RDI (Royal Designer for Industry) for Small craft/ naval in 1995.

John Laurent Giles
John Laurent Giles (1901–1969) was an English naval architect who was particularly famous for his sailing yachts. He and his company, Laurent Giles & Partners Ltd, have designed more than 1400 boats from cruisers and racing yachts to megayachts.
2013 UCLA Bruins football team
The 2013 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by second year head coach Jim L. Mora and played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They were members of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference. The Bruins finished the season 10–3, including 6–3 in conference play to finish second in the South Division, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 480 to 301.

Jim L. Mora
James Lawrence Mora (born November 19, 1961) is an American football coach who is the head coach at Colorado State University. He recently was the head coach at the University of Connecticut for four seasons and at UCLA from 2012 to 2017. Prior to taking the job at UCLA, Mora served as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL), coaching the Atlanta Falcons from 2004 to 2006 and Seattle Seahawks in 2009. He has also served as an analyst for NFL Network and  Fox Sports.

Mora played college football with the Washington Huskies from 1980 to 1983, and began his coaching career there as a graduate assistant in 1984. He is the son of retired NFL head coach Jim E. Mora. To avoid confusion with his father, Mora is sometimes called Jim Mora Jr.
Mikhail Skobelev
Mikhail Dmitriyevich Skobelev (Russian: Михаил Дмитриевич Скобелев; 29 September 1843 – 7 July 1882) was a Russian general became famous for his conquest of Central Asia and for his heroism during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Dressed in a white uniform and mounted on a white horse, and always in the thickest of the fray, he was known and adored by his soldiers as the "White General", and by the Turks as the "White Pasha". During a campaign in Khiva, his Turkmen opponents called him goz ganly or "Bloody Eyes".

British field marshal Bernard Montgomery assessed Skobelev as the world's "ablest single commander" between 1870 and 1914, and wrote of his "skilful and inspiring" leadership. Francis Vinton Greene also rated Skobelev highly.

Order of Saint George (Russia)
The Order of Saint George (Russian: Орден Святого Георгия, romanized: Orden Svyatogo Georgiya) is the highest military decoration of the Russian Federation. It was originally established on 26 November 1769 Julian (7 December 1769 Gregorian) as the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire for commissioned officers and generals by Empress Catherine the Great. After the October Revolution in 1917, it was awarded by the White movement under Alexander Kolchak until their collapse in 1921. The order was revived in the Russian Federation on 20 March 1992 by Decree No.1463 of the President of Russia. The current award criteria were amended on 7 September 2010 by Presidential Decree 1099.
Paranomala
Paranomala is a genus of shining leaf chafers in the beetle family Scarabaeidae. There are more than 190 described species in Paranomala, found in North, Central, and South America, and in southern Asia.

The species of this genus are sometimes considered members of the genus Anomalacra.

Anomala binotata
Anomala binotata is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of scarab beetles, Scarabaeidae. The common name "Shining leaf chafer" is sometimes applied to this species specifically, but is more often used to describe all members of the subfamily Rutelinae.

Anomala binotata is found in North America, primarily east of the Rocky Mountains. It is considered a pest, with adults damaging grapes and other fruit crops. The grubs are minor pests of grain such as corn, wheat, and oats.
Neyim Yasin
Neyim Yasin (Uyghur: نەيىم ياسىن‎; Chinese: 乃依木·亚森; born November 1952) is a Chinese politician of Uyghur origin, currently serving as vice chairperson of the National People's Congress Ethnic Affairs Committee. He previously served as chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2018 and president of Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2015.

He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress and is a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress. He is a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.