hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lebanonization
Lebanonization (Hebrew: לבנוניזציה; Arabic: اللًَبْنَنَة) is a negative political term referring to the process of a prosperous, developed, politically stable country descending into a civil war or becoming a failed state, as is the case with Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War. The term, mainly used in Israel to refer to the country's foreign policy in neighbouring Levantine states, was first used by Israeli President Shimon Peres in 1983, referring to the minimization of Israeli military presence in Lebanon following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, occurring amidst the Lebanese Civil War. It is comparable to Balkanization, but occurs without secession, within the borders of one country.

Balkanization
Balkanization or Balkanisation is the process involving the fragmentation of an area, country, or region into multiple smaller, and often hostile, independent states. It is usually caused by differences in ethnicity, culture, religion, and geopolitical interests.

The term was first coined in the early 20th century, and found its roots in the depiction of events during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and World War I (1914–1918), specifically referring to incidents that transpired earlier in the Balkan Peninsula.

The term is pejorative; when sponsored or encouraged by a sovereign third party, it has been used as an accusation against such third-party nations. Controversially, the term is often used by opponents of secessionism to highlight potential dangers. The Balkan peninsula is seen as an example of shatter belts in geopolitics.
Pluakdaeng United F.C.
Pluakdaeng United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลปลวกแดง ยูไนเต็ด ) or formerly Prachinburi Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดปราจีนบุรี ) is a Thailand professional football club based in Rayong Province after relocating from Prachinburi Province in 2012. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Eastern region.

Prachinburi province
Prachinburi province (Thai: ปราจีนบุรี, RTGS: Prachin Buri, pronounced [prāː.tɕīːn bū.rīː], lit. 'City of the East') is one of Thailand's seventy-seven provinces (changwat), it lies in eastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nakhon Ratchasima, Sa Kaeo, Chachoengsao, and Nakhon Nayok.
Chen Bochui Children's Literature Award
The Chen Bochui Children's Literature Award (陈伯吹儿童文学奖) is a major award issued in China, with the aim of promoting excellence in children's publishing and cultural diversity. It was originally called the Children's Literary Garden Prize (儿童文学园丁奖), then the Chen Bochui Children's Literature Award from 1988. The first awards were given in 1981, and were awarded every two years. It was renamed as the Chen Bochui International Children's Literature Award (陈伯吹国际儿童文学奖), and since 2014 has been held annually. It is named after the author, translator, journalist and educator Chen Bochui (1906-1997), who translated Pushkin’s Children’s Tales, The Wizard of Oz, and Don Quixote into Chinese for the first time in the 1940s, and who donated his life savings to establish this award. It is the longest continuously running literary prize in China.

Erin E. Stead
Erin E. Stead (born December 27, 1982) is an American illustrator of children's books. She won the 2011 Caldecott Medal for the year's best-illustrated U.S. picture book, recognizing her first publication, A Sick Day for Amos McGee.
Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba
The Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba (諏方大明神画詞 or 諏訪大明神絵詞 "Illustrated Record of Suwa Daimyōjin (Shrine)"), also known as Suwa Daimyōjin Go-engi Shidai (諏訪大明神御縁起次第 "Order of Legends (Engi) of Suwa Daimyōjin (Shrine)") or Suwa(-sha) Engi Emaki (諏方（社）縁起絵巻 "Illustrated Legends of Suwa (Shrine)"), was a twelve  (originally ten) volume set of emakimono or painted handscrolls completed in 1356 (Enbun 1), during the Nanboku-chō period. Originally describing and depicting legends concerning the Suwa Grand Shrine in Shinano Province (modern-day Nagano Prefecture) and its deity as well as its various religious festivals as performed during the Middle Ages, the original scrolls containing the illustrations were eventually lost, with only the text being preserved in various manuscripts.

Kojiki
The Kojiki (古事記, "Records of Ancient Matters" or "An Account of Ancient Matters"), also sometimes read as Furukotofumi or Furukotobumi, is an early Japanese chronicle of myths, legends, hymns, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts dating as far back as 641 concerning the origin of the Japanese archipelago, the kami, and the Japanese imperial line. It is claimed in its preface to have been composed by Ō no Yasumaro at the request of Empress Genmei in the early 8th century (711–712), and thus is usually considered to be the oldest extant literary work in Japan.

The myths contained in the Kojiki as well as the Nihon Shoki are part of the inspiration behind many practices and unified "Shinto orthodoxy". Later, they were incorporated into Shinto practices such as the misogi purification ritual.
Maple River (Michigan)
The Maple River is the name of three rivers in the U.S. state of Michigan:

Maple River (Burt Lake), rises in Pleasant View Township, Emmet County, and flows into Burt Lake in Cheboygan County

Maple River (Grand River), rises in Shiawassee Township, Shiawassee County and flows through Clinton and Gratiot Counties before emptying into the Grand River in Ionia County

Maple River (Muskegon River), a short river branch off the Muskegon River in Newaygo and Muskegon counties

Muskegon River
The Muskegon River (/məˈskiːɡən/ mə-SKEE-gən) is a 216-mile-long (348 km) river in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. From its source at Houghton Lake in Roscommon County, the river flows in a generally southwesterly direction to its mouth at Lake Michigan at the eponymous city of Muskegon. The river drains an area of 2,350 square miles (6,100 km2), and collects a number of tributaries, including the Little Muskegon River, Hersey River, and Clam River.

In September 2002, an article in National Geographic raised concerns about a controversial deal made with Nestlé Waters North America, giving them permission "to bottle up to 210 million gallons (about 800 million liters) a year from an aquifer north of Grand Rapids, Michigan that recharges the Muskegon River".
Liqizhuang Subdistrict
Liqizhuang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 李七庄街道; traditional Chinese: 李七莊街道; pinyin: Lǐqīzhuāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located in the northern side of Xiqing District, Tianjin, China. It borders Huayuan and Tiyuzhongxin Subdistricts to its north, Jinmenhu Subdistrict and Dasi Town to its east, and Jingwu Town to its southwest. The subdistrict has a population of 74,762 as of the 2010 census.

The name Liqizhuang (Chinese: 李七庄; lit. 'Li Seven Village') comes from the Liqizhuang Village that used to exist in the region.

Huayuan Subdistrict
Huayuan Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 华苑街道; traditional Chinese: 華苑街道; pinyin: Huáyuàn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on southwest side of Nankai District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with New Technology Industrial Park and Wangdingdi Subdistrict to the north, Tiyuzhongxin Subdistrict to the east, as well as Liqizhuang Subdistrict and Jingwu Town to the south. As of 2010, its total population was 52,948.

The subdistrict was established in 1998 as Huayuannan Subdistrict, and renamed to Huayuan Subdistrict a year later. Its name literally translates to "Chinese Garden".
FIBA Saporta Cup Finals
The FIBA Saporta Cup Finals was the championship finals series of the now defunct FIBA Saporta Cup competition. FIBA Saporta Cup was the name of the European-wide second-tier level professional club basketball competition. It was the competition in which the domestic National Cup winners from all over Europe played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.

Raimundo Saporta
Raimundo Saporta Namías (16 December 1926 – 2 February 1997) was a Spanish professional club basketball administrator. After his death, FIBA and Real Madrid renamed both the continental second-tier level FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup and the Pabellón Ciudad Deportiva arena in his honor. Saporta received the Olympic Order 1985. In 1997, he was awarded the FIBA Order of Merit and in 2007, he was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame as a contributor.
Rei Sakuma
Rei Sakuma (佐久間 レイ, Sakuma Rei; born Reiko Sakuma (佐久間 玲子, Sakuma Reiko), January 5, 1965) is a Japanese actress, voice actress, singer and narrator from Tokyo, Japan. She is best known in Japan for her voice work as Batako in the long running children's series Soreike! Anpanman.

Her most famous role in the English-speaking world, however, is probably as the Chinese Amazon Shampoo in Ranma ½.

Other popular roles of hers include Yōko Sakakibara  (Azuki-chan) Mariemaia Khushrenada (New Mobile Report Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz), My Melody (Onegai My Melody) and the Mini-Doras (Doraemon (1979)).

Black Jack (manga)
Black Jack (Japanese: ブラック・ジャック, Hepburn: Burakku Jakku), often abbreviated as B・J, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Osamu Tezuka in the 1970s, dealing with the medical adventures of the title character, doctor Black Jack. Black Jack consists of hundreds of short, self-contained stories that are typically about 20 pages long. Black Jack has also been animated into an OVA, two television series (directed by Satoshi Kuwahara and Tezuka's son Makoto Tezuka) and two films.

In 1977, it won the first Kodansha Manga Award for the shōnen category. It has since then become one of Tezuka's best selling manga with over 47.66 million copies sold in Japan. Osamu Dezaki's anime film adaptation, Black Jack: The Movie, won Best Animation Film at the 1996 Mainichi Film Awards.
Gaius Calvisius Sabinus (consul 39 BC)
Gaius Calvisius Sabinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 39 BC under the Second Triumvirate. He and his consular colleague Lucius Marcius Censorinus had been the only two senators who tried to defend Julius Caesar when his assassins struck on 15 March 44 BC, and their consulship under the triumvirate is taken as a recognition of their loyalty. An inscription, described by Ronald Syme as "one of the most remarkable inscriptions ever set up in honour of a Roman senator," praises Calvisius for pietas, his sense of duty or devotion. As a military officer, Calvisius is notable for his long service and competence, though he was not without serious defeats.

Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton
Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, FBA (/ˈbrɔːtən/; 17 February 1900 – 17 September 1993) was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century. He is especially noted for his definitive three-volume work, Magistrates of the Roman Republic (1951–1986).
Susan Williams-Ellis
Susan Caroline Williams-Ellis (6 June 1918 – 26 November 2007) was a British pottery designer, who was best known for co-founding Portmeirion Pottery. She was the eldest daughter of Sir Clough Williams-Ellis.

Chelsea College of Arts
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England.

It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, product design, and textile design up to PhD level.
Waggoner Carr
Vincent Waggoner Carr (October 1, 1918 – February 25, 2004) was an American politician who served as the speaker of the Texas House of Representatives from 1957 to 1961 and as the attorney general of Texas from 1963 to 1967.

Texas Attorney General
The Texas attorney general is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Texas. The current officeholder, Republican Ken Paxton, has served in the position since January 5, 2015. He joined the office on September 18, 2023 and his current term ends on January 1, 2027.
Bareilly Assembly constituency
Bareilly Assembly constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [bəɾeːliː]) is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bareilly district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed and the constituency was formed in 2008. The constituency is assigned identification number 124.
And Baheri town is the largest Tahseel of zila Bareilly, settled with Muslim Majority. Meena Bazar is a famous place in Baheri and known around the other places as a great hub for Ladies' shopping. VVPAT facility with EVMs will be here in the 2017 U.P assembly polls.

Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency
Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [bəɾeːliː]) is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It covers a part of Bareilly district.
Alkali–aggregate reaction
Alkali–aggregate reaction is a term mainly referring to a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and non-crystalline silicon dioxide, which is found in many common aggregates. This reaction can cause the expansion of the altered aggregate, leading to spalling and loss of strength of concrete.

Spall
Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ball bearing).  Spalling and spallation both describe the process of surface failure in which spall is shed.

The terms spall, spalling, and spallation have been adopted by particle physicists; in neutron scattering instruments, neutrons are generated by bombarding a uranium (or other) target with a stream of atoms. The neutrons that are ejected from the target are known as "spall".
Suspensura
Suspensura is the architectural term given by Vitruvius  to piers of square bricks (about 20 cm × 20 cm) that supported a suspended floor of a Roman bath covering a hypocaust cavity through which hot air would flow.

Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.

Most Roman cities had at least one – if not many – such buildings, which were centers not only for bathing, but socializing and reading as well. Bathhouses were also provided for wealthy private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or within cities by aqueduct. The water would be heated by fire then channelled into the caldarium (hot bathing room). The design of baths is discussed by Vitruvius in De architectura (V.10).
House of Worship (album)
House of Worship is the fifteenth studio and third praise and worship album by Christian singer-songwriter Twila Paris released on March 11, 2003. It would be Paris' final album on Sparrow Records. The album is Paris' third praise and worship album following Sanctuary and Perennial: Songs for the Seasons of Life. Paris has written and recorded ten original songs and has re-recorded two of her classic songs "We Bow Down" and "We Will Glorify." Paris' original song "God of All" was released as a radio single and has climbed to number one on Radio and Records' Christian Inspirational chart. House of Worship debuted and peaked at number 28 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart.

Sanctuary (Twila Paris album)
Sanctuary is the ninth studio album by Christian singer-songwriter Twila Paris on Star Song Records. Released in late 1991, Paris' first full-length praise and worship album was produced and arranged by keyboardist Richard Souther. Paris wrote and recorded ten new songs along with instrumental versions of her praise and worship songs "We Bow Down", "We Will Glorify", and "Lamb of God"; she also recorded "He Is Exalted" in Portuguese called "Ele É Exaltado".

Paris won her first Dove Award for Praise and Worship Album of the Year with Sanctuary at the 23rd GMA Dove Awards. Sanctuary is ranked at number 79 from CCM Magazine's 2001 book CCM Presents: The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music. The album peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart.
Elisabeth Ogilvie
Elisabeth M. Ogilvie (May 20, 1917 – September 9, 2006) was an American novelist. Ogilvie is best known for writing a series of novels set on islands off the coast of Maine, where she lived as an adult. She died in Cushing, Maine, at the age of 89.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Isobuscaline
Isobuscaline (IB), also known as 4-isobutoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the analogue and skeletal isomer of buscaline in which there is an isobutoxy group instead of a butoxy group at the 4 position. The drug's dose range is 60 to 100 mg orally and its duration is 8 to 14 hours. Its effects included little in the way of psychedelic visuals, no enhanced fantasy, and body load. The chemical synthesis of isobuscaline has been described. The drug was described in the scientific literature by Daniel Trachsel in 2002. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

Daniel Trachsel
Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss chemist who studies psychedelics and entactogens. He has developed and published on a large number of novel psychedelic and entactogen compounds, including their psychoactive effects. This has been in a manner similar to that of the psychedelic chemist Alexander Shulgin, which has caused Trachsel to sometimes be referred to as the "German Shulgin". However, unlike Shulgin, Trachsel has distanced himself from any personal self-experiments.

According to Hamilton Morris and Nick Cozzi in mid-2023, Trachel's book Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion (Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function) is in the process of being translated into English. It is being translated by the Alexander Shulgin Research Institute (ASRI), with tentative publication by Transform Press, and also independently by chemist David Carlson.
Dreamer (Supertramp song)
"Dreamer" is a song by the British rock band Supertramp from their 1974 album Crime of the Century. Released as a single, it peaked at number 13 on the UK singles chart in February 1975. In 1980, it appeared on the band's live album Paris. This live version was also released as a single and hit number 15 on the US charts, number 36 in the Dutch Top 40, and number one on the Canadian Singles Chart. When "Dreamer" had been released in 1974, its B-side "Bloody Well Right" was more popular in North America, leading it to chart instead at No. 35 in the US and No. 49 in Canada, with "Dreamer" only charting in Canada at No. 75. "Dreamer" also appeared on Roger Hodgson's album Classics Live, recorded on tour in 2010.

Glass harp
A glass harp (also called musical glasses, singing glasses, angelic organ, verrillon or ghost fiddle) is a musical instrument made of upright wine glasses.

It is played by running moistened or chalked fingers around the rim of the glasses. Each glass is tuned to a different pitch, either by grinding each goblet to the specified pitch, in which case the tuning is invariable, or by filling the glass with water until the desired pitch is achieved. Adding water causes the pitch to go down. Each glass model may have its pitch lowered by a fourth or even larger interval.

In addition, the sounds of a musical glass may be generated by bowing its rim with a bow for stringed instruments. In this case, a skilled musician may obtain the lowest tone (such as the one created by rubbing with the soaked finger) and also one or more higher notes, corresponding to the glass bowl higher modes.
2012 Senior Bowl
The 2012 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2011 college football season, and prospects for the 2012 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The 63rd edition of the Senior Bowl was won by the North team, 23–13.

The game was played on January 28, 2012, at 3 pm CST (4 p.m. Eastern time) at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between "North" and "South" teams. This year's Senior Bowl concluded the 2011-12 post-season as the NFLPA's Texas vs The Nation game, which would have been played the following week, was canceled.  The coaching staff of the Minnesota Vikings, led by head coach Leslie Frazier, coached the North team. The coaching staff of the Washington Redskins, led by head coach Mike Shanahan, coached the South team.

Coverage of the event was provided in high-definition on the NFL Network. Clothing company Nike was the sponsor for the first year, and provided apparel for the game.

Senior Bowl
The Senior Bowl is a post-season college football all-star game played annually in late January or early February in Mobile, Alabama, which showcases the best NFL draft prospects of those players who have completed their college eligibility. Produced by the non-profit Mobile Arts & Sports Association, the game is also a charitable fund-raiser, benefiting various local and regional organizations with over US$7.8 million in donations over its history. The game is sponsored by Panini America and is televised by the NFL Network.
John Petit (bishop)
John Edward Petit (22 June 1895 – 2 June 1973) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Menevia from 1947 to 1972.

Born in London on 22 June 1895, he was ordained to the priesthood on 9 May 1918. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Menevia by the Holy See on 8 February 1947. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 25 March 1947, the principal consecrator was Cardinal William Godfrey, Archbishop of Westminster, and the principal co-consecrators were Archbishop Michael McGrath of Cardiff and Bishop Edward Ellis of Nottingham. He participated in all the four sessions of the Second Vatican Council, held between in 1962 and 1965.

He retired on 16 June 1972 and assumed the title Bishop Emeritus of Menevia. He died on 2 June 1973, aged 77.

Catholicism portal

William Godfrey
William Godfrey (25 July 1889 – 22 January 1963) was an English Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Westminster from 1956 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958.