hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2nd Canadian Ministry
The Second Canadian Ministry was the cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie.  It governed Canada from 7 November 1873 to 8 October 1878, including the last two months of the 2nd Canadian Parliament as well as all of the 3rd.  The government was formed by the Liberal Party of Canada.

Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
The minister of justice and attorney general of Canada (French: ministre de la justice et procureur général du Canada) is a dual-role portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet.

The officeholder in the role of Minister of Justice (Ministre de la Justice) serves as the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department of Justice and the justice portfolio, and in the role of Attorney General (Procureur général), litigates on behalf of the Crown and serves as the chief legal advisor to the Government of Canada. (Though most prosecution functions of the attorney general have been assigned to the Public Prosecution Service of Canada. The attorney general is supported in this role by the director of public prosecutions, who is simultaneously the deputy attorney general.)
Salva (music producer)
Paul Salva Jr., better known by his stage name Salva, is an American record producer based in Los Angeles, California. Known for his signature blend of Rap and Electronic music, Salva's remixes and bootlegs are some of the highest rotated amongst club and radio DJs worldwide. His remix of Kanye West's "Mercy" with RL Grime held the #1 most popular track on SoundCloud in June 2012, continuing to enjoy worldwide success and helping propel his artist career. Salva has since produced and collaborated with artists such as Young Thug, Future, Wiz Khalifa, E-40, DJ Shadow, Yuna, Chuck Ellis, Boys Noize, has songwriting credit on the Grammy-nominated album Oxymoron by Schoolboy Q (TDE/Interscope) and music appearing in films such as the 2014 box office record-breaker Transformers: Age of Extinction.

DJ Shadow
Joshua Paul Davis (born June 29, 1972), better known by his stage name DJ Shadow, is an American DJ and record producer. His debut studio album, Endtroducing....., was released in 1996.
He uses layered production with numerous samples.

He was also formerly of the band Unkle (1996–1999).
Merwilla
Merwilla is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae). It is distributed in southern Africa, from Zimbabwe to South Africa. This genus is named after the botanist Frederick Ziervogel Van der Merwe (1894–1968), who worked on this group.

Scilla
Scilla (/ˈsɪlə/) is a genus of about 30 to 80 species of bulb-forming perennial herbaceous plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae. Sometimes called the squills in English, they are native to woodlands, subalpine meadows, and seashores throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle East. A few species are also naturalized in Australasia and North America. Their flowers are usually blue, but white, pink, and purple types are known; most flower in early spring, but a few are autumn-flowering. Several Scilla species are valued as ornamental garden plants.
Phloeomana
Phloeomana is a bark-inhabiting agaric fungal genus that produces fuscous-colored to whitish mycenoid to omphalinoid fruit bodies in temperate forests. In addition to the type species Phloeomana speirea, 4 other species, P. alba, P. clavata (= M. thujina, M. phaeophylla), P. hiemalis and P. minutula (formerly Mycena olida), have been placed in the genus. The genus is characterized by nonamyloid smooth, hyaline (translucent) basidiospores and tissues, poorly to moderately differentiated cheilocystidia, diverticulate pileipellis hyphae and general smooth stipe hyphae with scattered caulocystidia. It is one of several mushroom genera formerly classified most recently in Mycena, Omphalina, Hydropus, or Marasmiellus. Phylogenetically, Phloeomana is distant from the Mycenaceae and is closest to a clade or group that includes other former members of Mycena now in Atheniella and Hemimycena clearly excluded from the Mycenaceae and tentatively classified in the Porotheleaceae.

Mycenaceae
The Mycenaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 10 genera and 705 species. This is one of several families that were separated from the Tricholomataceae as a result of phylogenetic analyses. Taxa in the Mycenaceae are saprobic, have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found in almost all ecological zones. The family was circumscribed by Caspar van Overeem in 1926.

The extinct genus Protomycena, described from Burdigalian age Dominican amber found on the island of Hispaniola is one of four known agaric genera in the fossil record.
Ronnie Cooke
Ronald John Cooke (born 5 January 1984) is a South African rugby union player, who most recently played domestically for the Eastern Province Kings. His usual position is centre or wing.

He has played first class rugby since 2004 and spent the bulk of his career at French club Brive, making 121 appearances between 2007 and 2012. He started his career at the Leopards – where he also represented South Africa at Under-21 level – before moving on to Griquas and also playing Super Rugby for the Cheetahs in 2006 and 2007. He then joined Brive for five seasons and had a short loan spell at Grenoble before returning to South Africa to play for the Eastern Province Kings and in Super Rugby for the Southern Kings.

2009–10 Heineken Cup
The 2009–10 Heineken Cup was the 15th season of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby. It started in October 2009 and ended on 22 May 2010 with the final at Stade de France in which Toulouse defeated Biarritz 21–19 to win the trophy for the fourth time.
Cicciano
Cicciano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about 30 km northeast of Naples.

Cicciano borders the following municipalities: Camposano, Comiziano, Nola, Roccarainola, Tufino.

Nola
Nola is a town and a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, southern Italy. It lies on the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines. It is traditionally credited as the diocese that introduced bells to Christian worship.
Luther Jackson High School
Luther Porter Jackson High School was a secondary school for Black students in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, located at the Annandale-Dunn Loring-Merrifield corridor. A part of Fairfax County Public Schools, it was the county's first grade 7-12 school for Black children.

Manassas Regional High School
Manassas Regional High School was a segregated public school for black students that existed from 1938 until 1966 in Manassas, Virginia. It served black students from Prince William, Warren, Fauquier, and Fairfax counties.

The school was the successor to Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth, a private vocational school for black students founded in 1894.

The buildings were demolished in the late 1960s and 1970s, and Jennie Dean Elementary School was built on part of the site. Five acres of the current campus are a park and archeological site devoted to Manassas Industrial School and Jennie Dean.
Levakend
40°33′N 46°04′E﻿ / ﻿40.550°N 46.067°E﻿ / 40.550; 46.067

Levakend is a village in the Dashkasan Rayon of Azerbaijan. Levakend is approximately 3.2 km away from the capital of Dashkasan Rayon, Yukhary-Dashkesan in a straight line. It is also approximately 325 km west of Azerbaijan's capital, Baku in a straight line.

Dashkasan District
40°31′05″N 46°04′58″E﻿ / ﻿40.51806°N 46.08278°E﻿ / 40.51806; 46.08278

Dashkasan District (Azerbaijani: Daşkəsən rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Ganja-Dashkasan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Goygol, Kalbajar, Gadabay, Shamkir, and the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Dashkasan. As of 2020, the district had a population of 35,400.
Waitakere City
Waitakere City was a territorial authority in West Auckland, New Zealand; it was governed by the Waitakere City Council from 1989 to 2010. It was New Zealand's fifth-largest city, with an annual growth of about 2%. In 2010 the council was amalgamated with the other authorities of the Auckland Region to form the current Auckland Council.

The name "Waitakere" comes from the Waitākere River in the Waitākere Ranges.

Waitākere River
The Waitākere River is a river of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north then west from its sources in the Waitākere Ranges, reaching the Tasman Sea at Te Henga / Bethells Beach, to the south of Muriwai Beach. The upper reaches of the river are dammed to form the Waitākere Reservoir. The Waitākere Falls, just below the dam, are 95 metres (312 ft) high and the third highest waterfall in the North Island.
Lubanowo
Lubanowo [lubaˈnɔvɔ] (formerly German: Liebenow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Banie, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Gryfino, and 32 km (20 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has an approximate population of 990.

Banie
Banie [ˈbaɲɛ] (German: Bahn) is a village in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Banie. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Gryfino and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

There are four lakes within the city district, with the largest being Jezioro Dłużec with two public access beaches and number of fishing spots.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from January 2020 to June 2020.

There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The number of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic. The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers, publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.

Secretary of State for Education
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education, mainly overseeing education in England. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.

The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
Carex krauseorum
Carex krauseorum, commonly known as Krause's sedge, is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to subarctic areas of Greenland, Alaska, northern Canada and Russia.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Symphony No. 7 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 7 in D major, K. 45, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was completed in Vienna in January 1768 after the family's return from a visit to Olomouc and Brno in Moravia. The symphony is in four movements. Its first performance was probably at a private concert. The symphony was reworked to become the overture to Mozart's opera, La finta semplice, K. 51, composed and performed later that year, and the overture itself was subsequently adapted further to create a new symphony, known in the Köchel 1964 (K6) catalogue as K. 46a. The autograph of the score is preserved in the Berlin State Library.

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Pharaonella
Pharaonella is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Tellinidae.

The species of this genus are found in Southern Hemisphere.

Species:

Pharaonella amanyu Kato & Ohsuga, 2017

Pharaonella astula (Hedley, 1917)

Pharaonella aurea (Perry, 1811)

Pharaonella cuspis (Hanley, 1844)

Pharaonella dialeuca (Deshayes, 1855)

Pharaonella miles (Hanley, 1844)

Pharaonella pharaonis (Hanley, 1844)

Pharaonella semilaevis (Martens, 1865)

Pharaonella sieboldii (Deshayes, 1855)

Pharaonella venusta (Deshayes, 1855)

Pharaonella wallaceae (Salisbury, 1934)

Tellinidae
The Tellinidae are a family of marine bivalve molluscs of the order Cardiida. Commonly known as tellins or tellens, they live fairly deep in soft sediments in shallow seas and respire using long siphons that reach up to the surface of the sediment.
Parris Island Range Lights
The Parris Island Range Lights were range lights on the southern end of Parris Island in Beaufort County, South Carolina. The Parris Range Lights were first lit in 1881. They were deactivated in 1912. Only the lens house for the Rear Light remains, which is the oldest building at Parris Island.

Parris Island is on Port Royal Sound south of main portion of the city of Port Royal. It is best known as the home of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island. The range lights on the Recruit Depot south of the airfield.

Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island
Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island (often abbreviated as MCRD PI) is an 8,095-acre (3,276 ha) military installation located within Port Royal, South Carolina, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Beaufort, the community that is typically associated with the installation. MCRD Parris Island is used for United States Marine Corps Recruit Training of enlisted United States Marines. Recruits living east of the Mississippi River report there to receive initial training. Recruits living west of the Mississippi River receive training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, California, but may train at MCRD Parris Island by special request. Parris Island is only open to civilians for the Museum, and prior criminal history such as felonies and drug charges will prevent visitors from entering the island.
Local system
In mathematics, a local system (or a system of local coefficients) on a topological space X is a tool from algebraic topology which interpolates between cohomology with coefficients in a fixed abelian group A, and general sheaf cohomology in which coefficients vary from point to point.  Local coefficient systems were introduced by Norman Steenrod in 1943.

Local systems are the building blocks of more general tools, such as constructible and perverse sheaves.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Dr. Robert Smith House
The Dr. Robert Smith House, also known as Dr. Bob's Home, is a historic house museum at 855 Ardmore Avenue in Akron, Ohio.  Built in 1914, it is significant as the home from 1915 to 1950 of Dr. Bob Smith ("Dr. Bob"), one of the cofounders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).  It was here that Smith and Bill W. began the meetings that became AA, through which Smith achieved sobriety.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2012.

Bob Smith (doctor)
Robert Holbrook Smith (August 8, 1879 – November 16, 1950), also known as Dr. Bob, was an American physician and surgeon who cofounded Alcoholics Anonymous with Bill Wilson (more commonly known as Bill W.).
Túrós csusza
Túrós csusza (Hungarian: [ˈtuːroːʃt͡ʃusɒ] ⓘ) is a traditional Hungarian savoury curd cheese noodle dish made with small home-made noodles or pasta.

Traditionally, noodles used for this dish are home-made with flour and eggs, mixed into a dough, and torn by hand into uneven fingernail-sized pieces that are then boiled in water.

The noodles are cooked in salt water and drained, crumbled cheese (túró), chopped, fried, crispy bacon, topped with thick Hungarian sour cream (tejföl) and lightly salted.  The mixture is then heated in the oven for a few minutes before serving.

Smetana (dairy product)
Smetana is the English-language name for the different types of sour cream traditionally prevalent in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, and Central Asia. It is a dairy product produced by souring heavy cream. It is similar to crème fraîche, but nowadays mainly sold with 9% to 42% milkfat content depending on the country. Its cooking properties are different from crème fraîche and sour cream sold in the US, which contain 18% butterfat. It is widely used in cooking and baking.

In some of the Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Slovenian) the sole word smetana refers to (sweet) cream. In these cases an adjective (zakysaná, kyslá, kisla) meaning 'soured' is needed when referring to smetana in the English sense.
Ethiopian pegasus
An Ethiopian pegasus is an animal from medieval bestiaries. According to Pliny the Elder, they were a breed of two-horned, winged horses from Ethiopia. They reportedly lived on an island in the Red Sea off the coast of Eritrea.

Bestiary
A bestiary (Latin: bestiarium vocabulum) is a compendium of beasts. Originating in the ancient world, bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals and even rocks. The natural history and illustration of each beast was usually accompanied by a moral lesson. This reflected the belief that the world itself was the Word of God and that every living thing had its own special meaning. For example, the pelican, which was believed to tear open its breast to bring its young to life with its own blood, was a living representation of Jesus. Thus the bestiary is also a reference to the symbolic language of animals in Western Christian art and literature.
Farouk Osman Hamadallah
Farouk Osman Hamadallah (unknown – 1971) (Arabic: فاروق عثمان حمدالله) was a Sudanese General and politician. Hamadallah was a member of the Sudanese Free Officers Movement, and took part in the 1969 coup which brought Nimeiry, and the National Revolutionary Command Council, to power. Hamdallah would initially serve in the NRCC, although Hamdallah, along with Hashem al Atta and Babikir al-Nur Osman were later purged from the Council in 1970. Hamadallah was executed for his role in the failed 1971 coup against Nimeiry.

Hashem al-Atta
Major Hashem al-Atta (Arabic: هاشم العطا; 12 March 1936 – 23 July 1971) was a Sudanese military officer and political figure. Whilst he initially served in the National Revolutionary Command Council under Gaafar Nimeiry, he is best known for his involvement in the 1971 coup d'état attempt, in which he, and other pro-communist members of the Sudanese Armed Forces attempted to overthrow Nimeiry and seize power. Initially successful, after several days the Revolutionary Government collapsed when Nimeiry was freed by loyalist military units. Following the failed coup attempt Atta and the other ringleaders were executed.
Abdullah Ali Alewa
Abdullah Ali Alewa (Arabic: عبدالله علي عليوه; born 1947) is a Yemeni politician and military officer. He served previously as chief of staff of Yemen Armed Forces and minister of defense. He quit his position as adviser of the Yemeni supreme leader of the army over the Yemeni revolution.

Shabwah Governorate
Shabwah (Arabic: شَبْوَة, romanized: Šabwa) is a governorate (province) of Yemen.  Its main town is Ataq. It was named after the ancient south Arabian city of Shabwa.

During the Yemeni Civil War in 2015, the province became a battleground. The battle, known as the Shabwah Campaign, ended on August 15, 2015, after forces loyal to the government of Abd Rabbah Mansour Hadi defeated Houthi rebels.
Video editing
Video editing is the post-production and arrangement of video shots. Video editors draw from a variety of techniques from film cinematography, television, and other sorts of videography. Video editing structures and presents all video information, including films and television shows, video advertisements and video essays. Video editing has been dramatically democratized in recent years by editing software available for personal computers. Editing video can be difficult and tedious, so several technologies have been produced to aid people in this task. Overall, video editing has a wide variety of styles and applications.

Video production
Video production is the process of producing video content. It is the equivalent of filmmaking, but with video recorded either as analog signals on videotape, digitally in video tape or as computer files stored on optical discs, hard drives, SSDs, magnetic tape or memory cards instead of film stock. There are three main stages of video production, pre-production, production and post-production.
NGC 2466
NGC 2466 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Volans. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5428 ± 10 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 261.2 ± 18.3 Mly (80.07 ± 5.61 Mpc). The galaxy was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 20 February 1835.

Volans
Volans is a constellation in the southern sky. It represents a flying fish; its name is a shortened form of its original name, Piscis Volans. Volans was one of twelve constellations created by Petrus Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman and it first appeared on a 35-cm (14") diameter celestial globe published in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by Plancius with Jodocus Hondius. The first depiction of this constellation in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603.