hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Loreburn, Saskatchewan
Loreburn (2016 population: 107) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Loreburn No. 254 and Census Division No. 11. The village is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of Elbow and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south-east of Danielson Provincial Park, which is located near Gardiner Dam, Lake Diefenbaker.

Danielson Provincial Park
Danielson Provincial Park is located at the northern end of Lake Diefenbaker in the southern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The park surrounds the Gardiner Dam, which was built in 1967 and is among the largest embankment dams in Canada and the world. The South Saskatchewan River flows north beyond the park, towards Outlook and Saskatoon. Saskatchewan Highways 44, 45, and 219 provide access to the park. SaskPower's Coteau Creek Hydroelectric Station is located near the park.

The park opened to the public in 1971 and was named for former MLA Gustaf Herman Danielson. It is one of three provincial parks on Lake Diefenbaker, with the other two being Douglas Provincial Park and Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park.

Danielson Provincial Park's Visitor Centre is located between Lake Diefenbaker and Coteau Bay, and features numerous interactive displays about the Gardiner Dam and the river systems of southern Saskatchewan in addition to a café and beach.
Vinylcyclopropane (5+2) cycloaddition
Vinylcyclopropane (5+2) cycloaddition is a type of cycloaddition between a vinylcyclopropane (VCP) and an olefin or alkyne to form a seven-membered ring.

Examples of thermal VCP (5+2) cycloaddition are relatively rare, but still feasible in certain cases. However, vinylcyclopropanes readily undergo formal (5+2) processes catalyzed by transition metal complexes. Since the initial report of a rhodium-catalyzed VCP (5+2) cycloaddition from Paul A. Wender's research group, other reaction protocols have been developed with transition metal complexes of rhodium, ruthenium, iron, nickel, iridium and other metals.

Transition metal allyl complex
Transition-metal allyl complexes are coordination complexes with allyl and its derivatives as ligands.  Allyl is the radical with the connectivity CH2CHCH2, although as a ligand it is usually viewed as an allyl anion CH2=CH−CH2−, which is usually described as two equivalent resonance structures.
AR Zone
AR Zone (Korean: AR 존) is an application on Samsung Galaxy smartphones and tablets that consolidates several augmented reality (AR) tools into one app. The app came preloaded on most Galaxy devices running One UI 2.1 until One UI 6.

AR Zone was first released for Samsung Galaxy S20 in 2020, and brought together several augmented reality features that were located in Air Command, AR Emoji (in Camera app) and Bixby Vision. With the release of One UI 7 in 2025, Samsung has dropped the AR Zone app: its existing tools (AR Doodle, Quick Measure, Deco Pic) are now separate apps and not preloaded but are available from the Samsung Galaxy Store. AR Emoji has been renamed to Galaxy Avatar and remains preloaded on its own.

Galaxy Store
The Galaxy Store (Korean: 갤럭시 스토어) is an app store offering apps, games and exclusive themes and other customizations for mobile devices manufactured by Samsung Electronics. The service is primarily supplied pre-installed on Samsung Galaxy smartphones and tablets, and Galaxy Watch wearables. It requires a Samsung account to be used.
Lizard Head
Lizard Head is a mountain summit in the San Miguel Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,119-foot (3,999 m) is located in the Lizard Head Wilderness, 6.8 miles (11.0 km) west by south (bearing 258°) of the town of Ophir, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating San Juan National Forest and Dolores County from Uncompahgre National Forest and San Miguel County.

San Juan National Forest
The San Juan National Forest is a U.S. national forest covering over 1,878,846 acres (2,935.7 sq mi, or 7,603.42 km²) in western Colorado. The forest occupies land in Archuleta, Conejos, Dolores, Hinsdale, La Plata, Mineral, Montezuma, Rio Grande, San Miguel and San Juan Counties. It borders the Uncompahgre National Forest to the north and the Rio Grande National Forest to the east.  The forest covers most of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains west of the Continental Divide. The forest contains two alpine wilderness areas; the Weminuche and South San Juan, as well as the Piedra Area.
The Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad passes through the National Forest.

The name of the forest comes from the San Juan River, which was originally called the Rio San Juan, after Saint John the Baptist (San Juan Bautista in Spanish).
Northbridge, New South Wales
Northbridge is a suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the Sydney Central Business District, and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the North Sydney CBD in the local government area of the City of Willoughby. The major transport and shopping hub of Chatswood is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north west of Northbridge.

Northbridge is a quiet, leafy suburb with no through traffic as it occupies a peninsula that extends into Middle Harbour, and is surrounded by bush and water on three sides.

The Suspension Bridge, linking the suburb to Cammeray, has become a recognised symbol of Northbridge, completed in January 1892 and purchased by the state government in 1912.

The suburb celebrated its centenary in 2013.

City of Willoughby
The City of Willoughby is a local government area on the Lower North Shore of Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the Sydney central business district. It was first proclaimed in October 1865 as the Municipality of North Willoughby.

The main commercial centre of the City of Willoughby is Chatswood, home to one of Sydney's suburban skyscraper clusters. Other commercial centres are the suburbs of Willoughby, St Leonards and Artarmon. Willoughby is situated on an elevated plateau, and all of Sydney's television stations broadcast from towers in the area. Within the City of Willoughby is the Royal North Shore Hospital, located at St Leonards, one of Sydney's major hospitals.

The Council comprises an area of 23 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi), and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 75,613.
South African Computer Olympiad
The South African Computing Olympiad (SACO) is an annual computer programming competition for secondary school students (although at least one primary school student has participated) in South Africa. The South African team for the International Olympiad in Informatics is selected through it.

Mark Shuttleworth
Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African and British entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Canonical, the company behind the Ubuntu Linux operating system. In 2002, Shuttleworth became the first African to travel to space, doing so as a space tourist. He holds dual citizenship from South Africa and the United Kingdom. In 2020, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated Shuttleworth's net worth to be £500 million.
Mushimono
Mushimono is a Japanese culinary term referring to a steamed dish, usually containing chicken, fish, or vegetables; sometimes treated with sake. The foods are steamed until soft and served hot. Chawanmushi is a popular example.

The steaming methods include:

Steaming the ingredients in small bowls or cups. After steaming, the bowls are served on plates.

Steaming the ingredients loose in a large steamer.

Steaming
Steaming is a method of cooking using steam. In steaming, the food is fully immersed in steam, with no air present, so that the steam condenses on the food, and then the condensate drips down away from the food. This is often achieved in a food steamer, a kitchen appliance made specifically to cook food with steam, but food can also be steamed in a wok. In the American Southwest, steam pits used for cooking have been found dating back about 5,000 years. Steaming is considered a healthy cooking technique that can be used for many kinds of foods.

Compared to full immersion in boiling water, steaming can be far faster and more energy-efficient because it requires heating very much less water and takes advantage of the excellent thermodynamic heat transfer properties of steam.
2009 Laois County Council election
An election to Laois County Council took place on 5 June 2009 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 25 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

2009 Irish local elections
The 2009 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on Friday, 5 June 2009, on the same day as the European Parliament election and two by-elections (Dublin South and Dublin Central).
Gove Dam
The Gove Dam is an embankment dam on the Kunene River about 75 km (47 mi) south of Huambo in Huambo Province, Angola. The purpose of the dam is to control floods and generate hydroelectric power. It has a power generating capacity of 60 megawatts (80,000 hp) each) (three turbines of 20 megawatts (27,000 hp) each), enough to power over 30,000 homes.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Joseph Henry Banks
Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Henry Banks (1843–1916) was the British Commandant and instructor of the Auckland Militia through whose capacity the first six of the ten contingents of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles were raised and trained for overseas combat in the Boer Wars, becoming the core of the modern New Zealand Army.

7th Dragoon Guards
The 7th (The Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1688 as Lord Cavendish's Regiment of Horse. It was renamed as the 8th Horse in 1694 and the 7th (The Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards for Princess Charlotte in 1788. It saw service for two centuries, including the First World War, before being amalgamated with the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, to form the 4th/7th Dragoon Guards in 1922.
Dumbarton (ward)
Dumbarton is one of the six wards used to elect members of the West Dunbartonshire Council. It elects four Councillors.

The ward covers most of the town of Dumbarton, including the outlying villages of Milton and Bowling on the Firth of Clyde, but excepting northern parts of Dumbarton such as Bellsmyre, Broadmeadow and Lomondgate which are assigned to the Leven ward.

Dumbarton
Dumbarton (/dʌmˈbɑːrtən/; Scots: Dumbairton, Dumbartoun or Dumbertan; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatann [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ] or Dùn Breatainn [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ɪɲ], meaning 'fort of the Britons') is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have since declined, and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.
Berlin Zoologischer Garten station
Berlin Zoologischer Garten station (German: Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten, colloquially Bahnhof Zoo, German: [ˈbaːnˌhoːf ˈt͡soː] ⓘ) is a railway station in Berlin, Germany. It is located on the Berlin Stadtbahn railway line in the Charlottenburg district, adjacent to the Berlin Zoo.

During the division of the city, the station was the central transport facility of West Berlin, and thereafter for the western central area of reunified Berlin until the opening of Berlin Hauptbahnhof in 2006. It is also an interchange with the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn, which uses the Stadtbahn viaduct along with RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn trains. This station is open 24/7.

U9 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U9 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn. The line was opened on 28 August 1961 as Line G. It is a crucial north-south underground transit connecting Osloer Straße in the north and Rathaus Steglitz in the south. It traverses 18 stations, passing through key areas like Tiergarten, Zoologischer Garten (Zoo) and Kurfürstendamm.

It runs completely underground with 12.5 km running from Osloer Straße to Rathaus Steglitz.
Pigeonholing
Pigeonholing is a process that attempts to classify disparate entities into a limited number of categories (usually, mutually exclusive ones).

The term usually carries connotations of criticism, implying that the classification scheme referred to inadequately reflects the entities being sorted, or that it is based on stereotypes.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
HIAS+JCORE
HIAS+JCORE (formerly the Jewish Council for Racial Equality, JCORE) is a Jewish organisation which provides a Jewish voice on refugee and asylum issues in the UK.

HIAS+JCORE campaigns on refugee and asylum issues, including drawing connections between racism and the experiences of displaced people, runs projects directly supporting refugees and asylum seekers and works to engage the Jewish community with these issues.

It works with organizations like the CCJO René Cassin, Mitzvah Day International, Refugee Action, The Baobab Centre for Young Survivors, The Children's Society, The Refugee Council and World Jewish Relief.

Refugee Action
Refugee Action is an independent national charity founded in 1981 that provides advice and support to refugees and asylum seekers in the UK and campaigns for a fairer asylum system. It is governed by a board of trustees chaired by Penny Lawrence. Its chief executive is Stephen Hale OBE, who joined the charity in February 2014.

Each year Refugee Action provides advice and practical support to over 10,000 vulnerable asylum seekers and refugees from dozens of countries, and offers a range of specialist services. Until the end of 2015 it ran the UK's assisted voluntary return (AVR) programme.

Refugee Action has a head office in London and offices in Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and Bristol.
Thổ people
The Thổ ethnic group (also Keo, Mon, Cuoi, Ho, Tay Poong) inhabits the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An Province southwest of Hanoi. Many Thổ speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese.
The Thổ population numbered 91,430 in 2019.

The Thổ are one of the 4 main groups of Vietic speakers in Vietnam, the others being the Việt, Mường, and Chứt. The name Thổ, which means "autochthonous" was originally applied to the Tày ethnic group, however this usage is obsolete.

Tày people
The Tày people, also known as the Thổ, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di, is a Central Tai-speaking ethnic group who live in northern Vietnam. According to a 2019 census, there are 1.8 million Tày people living in Vietnam. This makes them the second largest ethnic group in Vietnam after the majority Kinh (Vietnamese) ethnic group. Most live in northern Vietnam in the Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên, and Quảng Ninh provinces, along the valleys and the lower slopes of the mountains. They also live in some regions of the Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang provinces. They inhabit fertile plains and are generally agriculturalists, mainly cultivating rice. They also cultivate maize, and sweet potato among other things.
Joan A. Steitz
Joan Elaine Argetsinger Steitz (born January 26, 1941) is an American biochemist and molecular biologist, Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She also serves as the Director of the Molecular Genetics Program at the Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine. She is known for her discoveries involving RNA, including insights into how ribosomes interact with messenger RNA by complementary base pairing and that introns are spliced by small nuclear ribonucleic proteins (snRNPs), which occur in eukaryotes. In September 2018, Steitz won the Lasker-Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science. The Lasker award is often referred to as the 'American Nobel' because 87 of the former recipients have gone on to win Nobel prizes.

Spliceosome
A spliceosome is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex found primarily within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The spliceosome is assembled from small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and numerous proteins. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules bind to specific proteins to form a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP, pronounced "snurps"), which in turn combines with other snRNPs to form a large ribonucleoprotein complex called a spliceosome. The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA, a type of primary transcript.  This process is generally referred to as splicing.  An analogy is a film editor, who selectively cuts out irrelevant or incorrect material (equivalent to the introns) from the initial film and sends the cleaned-up version to the director for the final cut.

However, sometimes the RNA within the intron acts as a ribozyme, splicing itself without the use of a spliceosome or protein enzymes.
2013–14 Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball team represented California State University, Fullerton during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Titans, led by first year head coach Dedrique Taylor, played their home games at Titan Gym as members of the Big West Conference. The Titans brought in a whole new coaching staff this season with Josh Smith, Robert Spence, and Danny Sprinkle joining Taylor as first-year assistant coaches. They finished the season 11–20, 6–10 in Big West play to finish in a tie for sixth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big West Conference tournament to Long Beach State.

2014 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2014 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 13–15, 2014 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California. The champion Cal Poly Mustangs received the conference's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.
Cincinnati Commandos
The Cincinnati Commandos were a professional indoor football team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The team suspended operations for the 2013 season, with hope of returning in 2014. They began play in 2010 as an expansion team in the Continental Indoor Football League before moving to the United Indoor Football League in 2012. The Commandos then left the UIFL after winning Ultimate Bowl II and re-joined the CIFL, but never took the field after its announcement. The Commandos were the fifth arena or indoor football in Cincinnati, after the Cincinnati Rockers (Arena Football League 1992–93), Cincinnati Swarm (af2 2003), Cincinnati Marshals (National Indoor Football League 2004–2006), and Cincinnati Jungle Kats (af2 2007). The owners of the Commandos are Dennis Whitman and Paul Napier. The Commandos played their home games at Cincinnati Gardens.

Cincinnati Rockers
The Cincinnati Rockers were an arena football team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. They began play in 1992 as an expansion team in the Arena Football League and competed through the 1993 season before they suspended operations due to low attendance. The Rockers played their home games at the Riverfront Coliseum.
Sant Joan de Vilatorrada
Sant Joan de Vilatorrada (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan də ˌβilətuˈraðə]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Bages in Catalonia, Spain. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) away from Barcelona.

The town of Sant Joan de Vilatorrada is located at 3 km. from Manresa, the capital of the Bages comarca (county). The municipal limits are: in the North Sant Mateu de Bages and Callús, in the Northeast Santpedor; in the East Sant Fruitós de Bages, in the South-east Manresa and in the West Fonollosa.

In addition to the main namesake town, the municipality also contains the population entities of Sant Martí de Torroella and Joncadella.

Sant Fruitós de Bages
Sant Fruitós de Bages (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɱ fɾujˈtoz ðə ˈβaʒəs]) is a municipality in the comarca of Bages in Catalonia, Spain.  The monastery of Sant Benet de Bages is situated here.

The historical centre of the town maintains its medieval character, with houses around the church forming what is called a "sagrera".
Grevillea confertifolia
Grevillea confertifolia, commonly known as Grampians grevillea or dense-leaf grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Grampians in Victoria, Australia. It is a spreading, often dense shrub with linear to narrowly oblong leaves, and reddish-purple flowers.

Grampians National Park
The Grampians National Park, commonly known as the Grampians, is a national park located in the Grampians region of Victoria, Australia. The Jardwadjali name for the mountain range itself is Gariwerd.

The 167,219-hectare (413,210-acre) national park is situated between Stawell and Horsham on the Western Highway and Dunkeld on the Glenelg Highway, 260 kilometres (160 mi) west of Melbourne and 460 kilometres (290 mi) east of Adelaide. Proclaimed as a national park on 1 July 1984, the park was listed on the National Heritage List on 15 December 2006 for its outstanding natural beauty and being one of the richest Aboriginal rock art sites in south-eastern Australia.

The Grampians feature a striking series of mountain ranges of sandstone. The Gariwerd area features about 90% of the rock art in the state.
Logic and dialectic
Formal scientists have attempted to combine formal logic (the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths) and dialectic (a form of reasoning based upon dialogue of arguments and counter-arguments) through formalisation of dialectic. These attempts include pre-formal and partially formal treatises on argument and dialectic, systems based on defeasible reasoning, and systems based on game semantics and dialogical logic.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.