hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German Union of Saddlers, Upholsterers and Portfolio Makers
The German Union of Saddlers, Upholsterers and Portfolio Makers (German: Deutscher Sattler-, Tapezierer- und Portefeuiller-Verband) was a trade union representing leather goods and upholstery workers in Germany.

The union was established in 1920, when the Union of Saddlers and Portfolio Makers merged with the Union of Upholsterers and Kindred Trades of Germany.  The union was based in Berlin and, like its predecessors, it affiliated to the General German Trade Union Confederation.  It initially had 28,281 members, and by 1928, this had grown slightly, to 31,406.  These figures disguised a high level of turnover, as more than half the union's members were under 30 years old.

The union was banned by the Nazi government in 1933.  After World War II, leather workers were represented by the Leather Union.

General German Trade Union Federation
The General German Trade Union Federation (German: Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, ADGB) was a confederation of trade unions in Germany founded during the Weimar Republic. It was founded in 1919 and was initially powerful enough to organize a general strike in 1920 against a right-wing coup d'état. After the 1929 Wall Street crash, the ensuing Great Depression caused widespread unemployment. The ADGB suffered a dramatic loss of membership, both from unemployment and political squabbles. By the time the Nazis seized control of the government, the ADGB's leadership had distanced itself from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and was openly cooperating with Nazis in an attempt to keep the organization alive. Nonetheless, on 2 May 1933 the SA and SS stormed the offices of the ADGB and its member trade unions, seized their assets and arrested their leaders, crushing the organization.
HM Prison Onley
HM Prison Onley is a Category C men's prison, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. The prison is named after the lost village of Onley, which is located next to the prison.

Onley Prison is in the county of Northamptonshire close to its border with Warwickshire in England. The prison is in the parish of Barby in Northamptonshire. However the postal address of the prison is Willoughby, Warwickshire, therefore most sources list the prison as in Willoughby, Warwickshire. It is next to HMP Rye Hill and Rainsbrook Secure Training Centre south of Rugby.

Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, prisoners are divided into four categories of security. Each adult is assigned to a category according to their crime, sentence, the risk of escape, and violent tendencies. The categories are designated with the letters A to D, with A being the highest level of security, and D the lowest.

There are three different prison services in the United Kingdom, and separate services for the three Crown Dependencies, i.e., the Channel Islands jointly and the Isle of Man. His Majesty's Prison Service manages prisons in England and Wales, and also serves as the National Offender Management Service for England and Wales. Prisons in Scotland are managed by the Scottish Prison Service and prisons in Northern Ireland are managed by the Northern Ireland Prison Service.
Cadet branch of the House of Fraknó
The cadet branch of the House of Fraknó (Forchenstein) was one of the divisions of the noble Esterházy family, with the rank of count (ispán). It descended from Ferenc Esterházy (1641–1683), the younger surviving son of Nikolaus, Count Esterházy. This branch was further divided into three lines by Ferenc's sons.

Nikolaus, Count Esterházy
Baron, later Count Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha (English: Nicholas Esterházy of Galántha) (Galanta, 8 April 1583 – Großhöflein, 11 September 1645) was the founder of the West-Hungarian noble House of Esterházy which became one of the grandest and most influential aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Rhyno Smith
Rhyno Christo Smith (born 11 February 1993) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Benetton in United Rugby Championship.
He usually plays as a fullback, but can also play as a fly-half or winger.

Leopards (rugby union)
The Leopards (Afrikaans: Luiperds) is a South African professional rugby union team that participates in the First Division of the Currie Cup, as well as the SA Cup. They are based in the North West Province. Their home ground is Olën Park in Potchefstroom. The union was formed in 1920 and was originally called Western Transvaal.
Carceri, Veneto
Carceri is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,579 and an area of 9.7 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).  Its name means "prison" in Italian.

Carceri borders the following municipalities: Este, Ospedaletto Euganeo, Ponso, Vighizzolo d'Este.

Este, Veneto
Este (Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a town and comune of the Province of Padua, in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Euganean Hills. The town is a centre for farming, crafts and industry worthy of note.
Operation Shmone
Operation Shmone (Hebrew: מִבְצָע שְׁמוֹנֶה, Mivtza Shmone, lit. Eight) was an Israeli military operation conducted against the Egyptian-held police fort of Iraq Suwaydan in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The battle was fought between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army on 9 November 1948, and ended in an Israeli victory, following numerous previous Israeli attempts to capture the fort, two of them in Operation Yoav just weeks before.

The Israeli 8th and Givati brigades attacked the fort in broad daylight following a heavy artillery barrage. After a hole was blown through the wall of the fort, the Egyptian forces surrendered. The capture of the fort led to the Egyptian evacuation of Bayt 'Affa and other nearby positions, reducing the besieged Fallujah Pocket to the villages of Fallujah and Iraq al-Manshiyya.

Shai (Haganah unit)
Shai (Hebrew: ש"י, an acronym for Sherut Yediot (שירות ידיעות‎), lit. Information Service), established in 1940, was the intelligence and counter-espionage arm of the Haganah and the forebear of the Military Intelligence Directorate in Mandate Palestine.
American Music Awards of 2000
The 27th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 17, 2000, at the Shrine Auditorium, in Los Angeles, California. The awards recognized the most popular artists and albums from the year 1999. With three wins, including the fan-voted 1990s Artist of the Decade Award, Garth Brooks was the most awarded artist of the night. In competitive categories, he, Lauryn Hill, and Shania Twain all won two awards each, making them the most awarded artists in standard categories.

American Music Awards
The American Music Awards (AMAs) is an annual American music awards show produced by Dick Clark Productions since 1974. Nominees are selected on commercial performance such as sales and airplay. Winners are determined by a poll of the public who vote through the AMAs website.

The event originally aired on ABC after the network's contract to air the Grammy Awards expired. After the 2022 ceremony, when ABC's rights to broadcast the ceremony expired, the American Music Awards were put on hiatus. In March 2024, it was announced that the AMAs would move to CBS as part of a deal with its rights to broadcast the now DCP-owned Golden Globe Awards. The event remained on hiatus for 2024, with CBS airing a 50th anniversary special in October 6, ahead of a 2025 return, which was held on May 26, and hosted by Jennifer Lopez.
Andriy Pyatov
Andriy Valeriyovych Pyatov (Ukrainian: Андрі́й Вале́рійович Пятов; born 28 June 1984) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeping coach of Ukrainian Premier League club Shakhtar Donetsk.

Ukrainian Super Cup
The Ukrainian Super Cup (Ukrainian: Суперкубок України) is an association football game of the Ukrainian Premier League in traditional super cup format that acts as the grand-opening for every new football competition season in Ukraine. Originally it was set as a contest between the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup. From 2008 through 2014, it was branded as the Inter Super Cup of Ukraine, in 2017 – Super Cup Fokstrot.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the competition is currently suspended.
Kunice railway station
Kunice is a railway station on the Wrocław–Gubinek railway in the village of Kunice, Legnica County, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland.

Having been opened in June 2025, the Kunice is one of Poland's newest railway stations.

Legnica County
Legnica County (Polish: powiat legnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area  of 744.6 square kilometres (287.5 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the city of Legnica, although this city is not part of the county (it forms a separate city county, which is an enclave within Legnica County). The only towns in Legnica County are Chojnów and Prochowice.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 55,318, out of which the population of Chojnów is 13,355, the population of Prochowice is 3,602, and the rural population is 38,361. The majority of the population is polish but there is a small German minority at 0.02% of the population mostly in Koiszków (Koischkau).
Ramanujan graph
In the mathematical field of spectral graph theory, a Ramanujan graph is a regular graph whose spectral gap is almost as large as possible (see extremal graph theory). Such graphs are excellent spectral expanders. As Murty's survey paper notes, Ramanujan graphs "fuse diverse branches of pure mathematics, namely, number theory, representation theory, and algebraic geometry". 
These graphs are indirectly named after Srinivasa Ramanujan; their name comes from the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture, which was used in a construction of some of these graphs.

Spectral gap
In mathematics, the spectral gap is the difference between the moduli of the two largest eigenvalues of a matrix or operator; alternately, it is sometimes taken as the smallest non-zero eigenvalue.  Various theorems relate this difference to other properties of the system. The spectral gap gets its name from the matrix spectrum, that is, for a matrix, the list of its eigenvalues. It provides insight on diffusion within the graph: corresponding the spectral gap to the smallest non-zero eigenvalue, it is then the mode of the network state that shows the slowest exponential decay over time.
BIOCEV
BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University) is a joint research institute located in Vestec, Czech Republic. Established in 2015, it is operated by six institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) and two faculties of Charles University (Faculty of Science, Charles University and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University). The center maintains collaborative ties with other institutions in the STAR cluster.

First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
The First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University (Czech: 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy) is one of five medical faculties of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, at the same time as the university itself, it is the oldest medical faculty in Central Europe and the 11th oldest medical institution in the world.

Situated in the centre of Prague, the faculty provides education in all fields of general medicine. It is regularly ranked in the top 1% of medical faculties globally.
Reci
Reci (Hungarian: Réty, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈreːc]) is a commune in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania composed of four villages: Aninoasa (Egerpatak), Bita (Bita), Reci, and Saciova (Szacsva). It also included the village of Comolău (Komolló) until 1968, when it was disestablished.

Covasna
Covasna (Romanian pronunciation: [koˈvasna] ⓘ, Hungarian: Kovászna, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkovaːsnɒ] ⓘ, German: Kowasna) is a town in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania, at an altitude of 550–600 m (1,800–1,970 ft). It is known for its natural mineral waters and mofettas.

The town administers one village, Chiuruș (Hungarian: Csomakőrös). The village has a population of 451 and has an absolute Székely Hungarian majority.

Before Orbaiszék merged with Sepsiszék and Kézdiszék to create Háromszék County, in 1876, Covasna was the capital village of Orbaiszék.
Neuman & Esser
NEUMAN & ESSER GROUP (NEA; Neumann & Esser in Aachen) was founded as a family establishment in Aachen, Germany in 1830. NEA is a manufacturer of reciprocating compressors and grinding systems for several industries, including  oil and gas, chemical and petrochemical, food industry and renewable energy.

Reciprocating compressor
A  reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure. Pressures of up to 5,000 psig (about 34.5 MPa) are commonly produced by multistage reciprocating compressors.

The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression cylinder where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft, and is then discharged. Applications include railway and road vehicle air brake systems oil refineries, gas pipelines, oil and gas production drilling and well services, air and nitrogen injection, offshore platforms, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants, air conditioning, and refrigeration plants. One specialty application is the blowing of plastic bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Tayma
Tayma /ˈteɪmə/ (Arabic: تيماء, romanized: Taymāʾ; Taymanitic: 𐪉𐪃𐪑, TMʾ, vocalized as: Taymāʾ), also spelled Tema, is a city and  governorate, in Tabuk Province, and major oasis city with a long history of habitation.

It is located in northwestern Saudi Arabia at the point where the trade route between Medina and Dumah (Sakaka) begins to cross in the western portion of the Nafud desert. Tayma lies about 264 km (164 mi) southeast of Tabuk and approximately 400 km (250 mi) north of Medina.

Incense trade route
The incense trade route was an ancient network of major land and sea trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with eastern and southern sources of incense, spices and other luxury goods, stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Northeast Africa and Arabia —through both the sea and the land along the Red Sea— to India and beyond. These routes collectively served as channels for the trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, precious stones, pearls, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and from the Horn of Africa, rare woods, feathers, animal skins, Somali frankincense, gold, and slaves. The incense land trade from South Arabia to the Mediterranean flourished between roughly the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD.
Continental Hotel Budapest
47°29′48″N 19°4′0″E﻿ / ﻿47.49667°N 19.06667°E﻿ / 47.49667; 19.06667

The Continental Hotel is a hotel in Budapest, Hungary.  The hotel is located on the corner of Nyár and Dohány streets, near the old Jewish quarter and the Klauzál Square Market Hall.

Klauzál Square Market Hall, Budapest
The Klauzál Square Market Hall or Market Hall III (formerly István Square Market Hall) is one of the great Budapest market halls built under the monarchy.

The building, located on Klauzál Square, in the district VII, was built in 1897 under the name of Market No. III. Its designers were the architects of the Budapest engineering office, József Kommer and Pál Klunzinger. In connection with the market hall, an apartment building was also built on Klauzál Square, which made it possible to rent outlets at lower prices. The number of contemporary sales outlets was over 300. Interestingly, Kosher food was available in a separate space in the hall, being in the Jewish Quarter.

The building, which became dilapidated in the second half of the 20th century, was renovated in 2014-2015, taking into account its original state and modern needs.
Okinori Kaya
Okinori Kaya (賀屋 興宣, Kaya Okinori; January 30, 1889 – May 9, 1977) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as Minister of Finance from 1937 to 1938 and 1941 to 1944, and as Minister of Justice from 1963 to 1964.

Born in Hiroshima, Kaya graduated from Tokyo Imperial University and joined the Ministry of Finance. After a successful career he became Minister of Finance in the first cabinet of Fumimaro Konoe and again in the wartime cabinet of Hideki Tojo. After the Japanese surrender he was sentenced to life in prison by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Paroled in 1955, Kaya was rehabilitated and served in the House of Representatives for the Liberal Democratic Party, and as Minister of Justice under Hayato Ikeda.

Minister of Finance (Japan)
The Minister of Finance (財務大臣, Zaimu Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Finance. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

Until 2001, the Japanese title was 大蔵大臣 (Ōkura Daijin). Both the current and previous title are translated as "Minister of Finance".

The current minister is Satsuki Katayama, who took office on 21 October 2025.
1954 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1954 24 Hours of Le Mans was a race for Sports Cars which took place on 12 and 13 June 1954, at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France. It was the 22nd 24 Hours of Le Mans and also the fourth race of the 1954 World Sportscar Championship. The race was won by José Froilán González and Maurice Trintignant driving a Ferrari 375 Plus.

People viewed this race as a battle between brute force and science (per the July 1954 "Motor Sport" article). In the high technology corner, with its sleek, aerodynamic bodywork was the new 3.4-litre Jaguar D-Type, and in the other corner was Ferrari's formidable 5.0-litre V12 375 Plus. Ranged in between was everyone else. The race was heavily affected by poor weather throughout and was a thriller right to the end, producing the closest finish for the race since 1933: less than 5km (half a lap).

1954 World Sportscar Championship
The 1954 World Sportscar Championship was a motor racing competition for Sportscars. It was the second FIA World Sportscar Championship. It featured a series of six endurance races, contested from 24 January to 23 November 1954. The championship was won by Ferrari.
1985 Carolina League season
The 1985 Carolina League was a Class A baseball season played between April 11 and August 31. Eight teams played a 140-game schedule, with the winners of each half of the season competing in the playoffs.

The Winston-Salem Spirits won the Carolina League championship, defeating the Lynchburg Mets in the final round of the playoffs.

Winston-Salem Dash
The Winston-Salem Dash are a Minor League Baseball team in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. They are a High-A team in the South Atlantic League and have been a farm team of the Chicago White Sox since 1997. The Dash began playing their home games at Truist Stadium in 2010 after having Ernie Shore Field (now known as Gene Hooks Field at Wake Forest Baseball Park) as their home from 1956 to 2009.
Trabuco Cañon National Forest
Trabuco Cañon National Forest was established as the Trabuco Cañon Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in California on February 25, 1893 with 49,920 acres (202.0 km2). In 1905 all federal forests were transferred to the U.S. Forest Service. On July 6, 1907 the name was changed to Trabuco Canyon National Forest and lands were added.

The reserve was the third set aside in California, after San Gabriel and Sierra reserves. It originally covered  109,920 acres (444.8 km2) in the Santa Ana Mountains. Its purpose was the protection of water presources. It is now the Cleveland National Forest.

Sierra Forest Reserve
The Sierra Forest Reserve was a federal reserve in the Sierra Nevada, in eastern California. It was established on February 14, 1893, by President Benjamin Harrison with authorization from section 24 of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891. It was the largest reserve with over 4 million acres (16,000 km2), and was the second reserve established in California. The first was the San Gabriel Timberland Reserve.
Inter-Access Point Protocol
Inter-Access Point Protocol or IEEE 802.11F is a recommendation that describes an optional extension to IEEE 802.11 that provides wireless access point communications among multivendor systems. 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments.

The IEEE 802.11 standard doesn't specify the communications between access points in order to support users roaming from one access point to another and load balancing. The 802.11 working group purposely did not define this element in order to provide flexibility in working with different wired and wireless distribution systems (i.e., wired backbones that interconnect access points).

IEEE 802.11b-1999
IEEE 802.11b-1999 or 802.11b is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking specification that extends throughput up to 11 Mbit/s using the same 2.4 GHz band. A related amendment was incorporated into the IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.

802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments.
2025 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs football team
The 2025 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs football team represented Gardner–Webb University as a member of the OVC–Big South Football Association during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The team were led by second-year head coach Cris Reisert and played their home games at the Ernest W. Spangler Stadium located in Boiling Springs, North Carolina.

On December 15, it was announced that Reisert would be stepping down as the Runnin' Bulldogs head coach. Four days later, December 19, Reisert was announced as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at Toledo. On December 23, UT Permian Basin head coach Kris McCullough was announced as the Runnin' Bulldogs' new head coach.

Ernest W. Spangler Stadium
Ernest W. Spangler Stadium is a 9,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Boiling Springs, North Carolina. It is home to the Gardner–Webb University Bulldogs football team.  The facility opened in 1969. Spangler Stadium underwent a $7 million overhaul in 2005 that included additions of a new Football Center that houses football coaches' offices, athletic weight facilities, president's box, press box, and other luxury boxes.