hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Troutdale Library
45°31′40″N 122°24′46″W﻿ / ﻿45.527712°N 122.412693°W﻿ / 45.527712; -122.412693

The Troutdale Library is a branch of the Multnomah County Library, in Troutdale in the U.S. state of Oregon. The library, part of the Cherry Park Market Center, offers the Multnomah County Library catalog of two million books, periodicals and other materials.

Troutdale, Oregon
Troutdale is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States, immediately north of Gresham and east of Wood Village. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 16,300. The city serves as the western gateway to the Historic Columbia River Highway, the Mount Hood Scenic Byway, and the Columbia River Gorge. It is approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Portland and is part of the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area.
KPBD
KPBD (89.3 FM) is a defunct American non-commercial educational radio station that was licensed to serve the community of Big Spring, the county seat of Howard County, Texas. The station's broadcast license was held by Paulino Bernal Evangelism. The station began broadcasting in June 2005 and went dark in May 2009 which led to the cancellation of the station's broadcast license in June 2011.

Big Spring, Texas
Big Spring is a city in and the county seat of Howard County, Texas, United States, at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 87 and Interstate 20. Its population was 26,144 at the 2020 census. Big Spring was established as the county seat of Howard County in 1882; it is the largest community in the county.

The city took its name from the single, large spring that issued into a small gorge between the base of Scenic Mountain and a neighboring hill in the southwestern part of the city limits. Although the name is sometimes still mistakenly pluralized, it is officially singular. "To the native or established residents who may wince at the plural in Big Spring, it should be explained that until about 1916, when for some unexplained reason the name dropped the final 's', the official name of the town was indeed Big Springs."
Appendix Vergiliana
The Appendix Vergiliana is a collection of Latin poems traditionally ascribed as being the juvenilia (work written as a youth) of Virgil (70–19 BC).

Many of the poems in the Appendix were considered works by Virgil in antiquity.  However, recent studies suggest that the Appendix contains a diverse collection of minor poems by various authors from the 1st century AD.

Scholars are almost unanimous in considering the works of the Appendix spurious, primarily on grounds of style, metrics, and vocabulary.

Joseph Justus Scaliger
Joseph Justus Scaliger (/ˈskælɪdʒər/; 5 August 1540 – 21 January 1609) was a Franco-Italian Calvinist religious leader and scholar, known for expanding the notion of classical history from Greek and Ancient Roman history to include Persian, Babylonian, Jewish and Ancient Egyptian history. He spent the last sixteen years of his life in the Netherlands.
Copyright Act of 1909
The Copyright Act of 1909 (Pub. L. 60–349, 35 Stat. 1075, enacted March 4, 1909) was a landmark statute in United States copyright law.  It went into effect on July 1, 1909. The 1909 Act was repealed and superseded by the Copyright Act of 1976, which went into effect on January 1, 1978; but some of 1909 Act's provisions continue to apply to copyrighted works created before 1978. Significantly, the Act would also demonstrate the first example of a compulsory license in US copyright law. This mechanical license procedure was created in response to case law on piano rolls, but it would also apply to phonograph records, and would become generalized to cover versions.

Player piano
A player piano is a self-playing piano with a pneumatic or electromechanical mechanism that operates the piano action using perforated paper or metallic rolls. Modern versions use MIDI. The player piano gained popularity as mass-produced home pianos increased in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Sales peaked in 1924 and subsequently declined with improvements in electrical phonograph recordings in the mid-1920s. The advent of electrical amplification in home music reproduction, brought by radios, contributed to a decline in popularity, and the stock market crash of 1929 virtually wiped out production.
SMS Velebit
SMS Velebit was one of the dozen Huszár-class destroyers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1909, she served in World War I and was ceded to Italy as war reparations in 1920. The ship was scrapped shortly afterwards.

Huszár-class destroyer
The Huszár class was a class of destroyers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy before the First World War. They were built to a design by the British shipbuilder Yarrow Shipbuilders, who built the first ship, with a further 11 ships being built in Austrian and Hungarian yards between 1905 and 1909. A replacement ship was built when the lead ship was lost in an accident in 1908, and another ship of similar design building for the Chinese navy was seized on the outbreak of the First World War. Two ships were lost during the war, a single ship serving with the Greek Navy following the end of the war, and the remainder being scrapped.
1998 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1998 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 8 November 1998 and ended on 22 November 1998.

Munster were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Leinster in the semi-final.

On 22 November 1998, Leinster won the cup after a 0-16 to 2–09 defeat of Connacht in the final at Nowlan Park. This was their 21st Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1993.

1997 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1997 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 8 November 1997 and ended on 9 November 1997.

Munster were the defending champions.

On 9 November 1997, Munster won the cup after a 0-14 to 0–10 defeat of Leinster in the final at Duggan Park. This was their 41st Railway Cup title overall and their third title in succession.
Larsens Plads
Larsens Plads (Larsen's Place) is a waterfront in Copenhagen, Denmark, which runs along the Zealand side of the Inner Harbour from the Nyhavn canal in the south to the Nordre Toldbod area just south of Langelinie to the north. The name refers to a shipyard which used to occupy the grounds but is now more associated with emigration to America after it became a major hub for trans-Atlantic traffic later in the century. Today, the area is dominated by Amalienborg Palace with the Amalie Garden and a number of late 18th-century warehouses which have been converted to other uses. The buildings facing the waterfront have their address on the parallel street Toldbodgade.

Port of Copenhagen
The Port of Copenhagen (Danish: Københavns Havn) is the largest Danish seaport and one of the largest ports in the Baltic Sea basin. It extends from Svanemølle Beach in the north to Hvidovre in the south. Along with Malmö harbour, Copenhagen Port is operated by Copenhagen Malmö Port (CMP) and By & Havn.

The port is divided into several different areas, many of which are individual harbours:

There has been rapid development along the seafront; large parts of the formerly industrial inner harbor have recently been transformed into residential, recreative, and commercial areas. The port has seen a dramatic resurgence in activity since the 1990s, following a long period of decline following the 1940s.
Nabil Aslam
Mohammad Nabil Aslam (Urdu: محمد نبيل اسلم; born 3 August 1984) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. Born in Denmark, he played for the Pakistan national team.

A versatile defender, Aslam primarily played as centre back, although he also was capable as full back on either side. Physically strong and composed, he garnered a reputation as a tough-tackling, versatile defender.

2009–10 Danish 1st Division
The 2009–10 Danish 1st Division season marked the 14th season of the league operating as the second tier of Danish football and the 70th season overall under the 1st Division name. The league is governed by the Danish Football Association (DBU).

The division-champion, AC Horsens, and runners-up, Lyngby BK, were promoted to the 2010–11 Danish Superliga. The teams in the 14th, 15th and 16th places, Thisted FC, BK Frem and Brabrand IF, were relegated to either 2nd Division East or West, based on their respective locations.
Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia
Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia (1003–1048), born Li Yuanhao (Chinese: 李元昊) or Tuoba Yuanhao (Chinese: 拓跋元昊), also known as Zhao Yuanhao (趙元昊), Weiming Yuanhao (嵬名元昊) and Weiming Nangxiao (嵬名曩霄), was the founding emperor of the Western Xia dynasty of China, reigning from 1038 to 1048. He was the eldest son of the Tangut ruler Li Deming.

Tangut script
The Tangut script is a logographic writing system, formerly used for writing the extinct Tangut language of the Tanguts. It was widely used during the Tangut-founded Western Xia dynasty, and fell into obscurity after its extinction. According to a 2004 count, 5,863 Tangut characters are known, excluding variants. The Tangut characters are similar in appearance to Chinese characters, with the same type of strokes, but the methods of forming characters in the Tangut writing system are significantly different from those of forming Chinese characters. As with Chinese, regular, running, cursive and seal scripts were used in Tangut writing.
Unexplained volcanic eruption
An unexplained volcanic eruption is a major volcanic event known primarily through indirect evidence such as sulfate spikes in polar ice cores, tree ring anomalies, and historical climate impacts. They are sometimes referred to as mystery volcanic eruptions because the exact source of the material is unknown. Because evidence for them is indirect, precise details are unknown but some of these events were later identified through further research.

These eruptions can have significant climate impacts by creating a volcanic winter event where material from the eruption decreases the amount of solar energy reaching the earth for a period. These global cooling episodes can have significant societal impacts. Many of these unexplained eruptions are believed to have occurred in remote tropical regions where there are limited historical records from the period as well as limited modern scientific data on many volcanoes.

Volcanic winter
A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly explosive volcanic eruption. Climate effects are primarily dependent upon the amount of injection of SO2 and H2S into the stratosphere where they react with OH and H2O to form H2SO4 on a timescale of a week, and the resulting H2SO4 aerosols produce the dominant radiative effect. Volcanic stratospheric aerosols cool the surface by reflecting solar radiation and warm the stratosphere by absorbing terrestrial radiation for several years. Moreover, the cooling trend can be further extended by atmosphere–ice–ocean feedback mechanisms. These feedbacks can continue to maintain the cool climate long after the volcanic aerosols have dissipated.
Water window
The water window is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum in which water is transparent to soft x-rays.  The window extends from the K-absorption edge of carbon at 282 eV (68 PHz, 4.40 nm wavelength) to the K-edge of oxygen at 533 eV (129 PHz, 2.33 nm wavelength).  Water is transparent to these X-rays, but carbon and its organic compounds are absorbing. These wavelengths could be used in an x-ray microscope for viewing living specimens. This is technically challenging because few if any viable lens materials are available above extreme ultraviolet.

K-edge
In X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the K-edge is a sudden increase in x-ray absorption occurring when the energy of the X-rays is just above the binding energy of the innermost electron shell of the atoms interacting with the photons. The term is based on X-ray notation, where the innermost electron shell is known as the K-shell. Physically, this sudden increase in attenuation is caused by the photoelectric absorption of the photons. For this interaction to occur, the photons must have more energy than the binding energy of the K-shell electrons (K-edge). A photon having an energy just above the binding energy of the electron is therefore more likely to be absorbed than a photon having an energy just below this binding energy or significantly above it.

The energies near the K-edge are also objects of study, and provide other information.
Piantedo
Piantedo (Lombard: Pianté) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 km north of Milan and about 35 km west of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,258 and an area of 6.7 km2.

Piantedo borders the following municipalities: Colico, Delebio, Dubino, Gera Lario, Pagnona.

Sondrio
Sondrio (Italian: [ˈsondrjo] ⓘ; Lombard: Sùndri; Romansh: Sunder; archaic German: Sünders or Sonders; Latin: Sundrium) is an Italian city, comune and administrative centre for the province of Sondrio, located in the heart of the Valtellina. As of 2015, Sondrio counted approximately 21,876 inhabitants. In 2007, Sondrio was named the Alpine Town of the Year.
Sérgio Assad
Sérgio Assad (born 26 December 1952) is a Brazilian guitarist, composer, and arranger who often performs with his brother, Odair, in the guitar duo Sérgio and Odair Assad, commonly referred to as the Assad Brothers or Duo Assad. Their younger sister Badi is also a guitarist. Assad is the father of composer/singer/pianist Clarice Assad. He is married to Angela Olinto.

Seattle Symphony
The Seattle Symphony is an American orchestra based in Seattle, Washington. Since 1998, the orchestra is resident at Benaroya Hall. The orchestra also serves as the accompanying orchestra for the Seattle Opera.
SiC–SiC matrix composite
SiC–SiC matrix composite is a particular type of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) which have been accumulating interest mainly as high temperature materials for use in applications such as gas turbines, as an alternative to metallic alloys. CMCs are generally a system of materials that are made up of ceramic fibers or particles that lie in a ceramic matrix phase. In this case, a SiC/SiC composite is made by having a SiC (silicon carbide) matrix phase and a fiber phase incorporated together by different processing methods. Outstanding properties of SiC/SiC composites include high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability while also providing high strength to weight ratio.

Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (/ˌkɑːrbəˈrʌndəm/), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.

Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907. SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both.
Yun Tusu
Yun Tusu (Korean: 윤두수; Hanja: 尹斗壽; 1533–1601) was a Korean scholar-official of the Joseon period. A prominent politician, poet, writer, and scholar, he was part of the Yi Hwang school and a member of the Westerners. Yun briefly served as Chief State Councillor during the reign of King Seonjo.

Sahŏnbu
Sahŏnbu (Korean: 사헌부; Hanja: 司憲府; lit. Office of the Inspector-General) was a government office during the Korean Goryeo and Joseon periods. It administered inspections, especially on the Joseon capital Hanyang (Seoul) and periphery. It was also responsible for licensing officials, impeachment and legal inquiries, which also extended to the control of King's relatives. An important duty was to remonstrate with the king.
Fred Linkmeyer
Fred Linkmeyer (16 June 1909 - 15 April 1988), was an American fencer, who was a 3-time national épée champion.

He fenced primarily in Los Angeles, where he attended the University of Southern California.  He graduated from USC in 1931.

The USFA sanctioned USC Linkmeyer Invitational is held annually in his honor by the USC Fencing Club.

United States Fencing Association
The United States Fencing Association (USFA) is the national governing body for the sport of fencing in the United States. The USFA was founded in 1891 as the Amateur Fencers League of America (AFLA) by a group of New York fencers seeking independence from the Amateur Athletic Union. The AFLA changed its name to the United States Fencing Association in 1981, and is also known as USA Fencing.

The USFA was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in Pennsylvania in 1964 and in Colorado in 1993, in compliance with the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. It opened its national office at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado in August 1982. The national office moved from the Olympic Training Center to downtown Colorado Springs in 2002. The USFA's first full-time Executive Director was hired in 1983.

The USFA is affiliated with the  FIE, the international federation for fencing founded in Paris in 1913.
2025 Copenhagen Sprint (men's race)
The 2025 Copenhagen Sprint was a Danish road cycling one-day race that took place on 22 June. It was the first edition for men of the Copenhagen Sprint and the 25th event of the 2025 UCI World Tour. The race was held the day after the inaugural women's Copenhagen Sprint. Belgian rider Jordi Meeus of Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe won the race in a sprint finish.

2025 UCI World Tour
The 2025 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-six events throughout the 2025 cycling season. The tour started with the Tour Down Under on 21 January, and concluded with the Tour of Guangxi on 19 October.

At the end of the season, Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) led the overall road world rankings ahead of Danish rider Jonas Vingegaard (Visma–Lease a Bike) and Mexican rider Isaac del Toro (UAE Team Emirates XRG). Pogačar won eight World Tour events during the season, including the Tour de France and three of the five cycling monuments.
Lowestoft Town Hall
Lowestoft Town Hall is a Grade II listed municipal building in the High Street, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.

Opened in 1860 to designs by John Louth Clemence, it replaced earlier town halls on the site and served as the headquarters of Lowestoft Borough Council for much of the 20th century. The building has been altered and extended several times, most notably in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After local government reorganisation in 1974 it continued as a civic centre for Waveney District Council until 2015, when it became vacant pending redevelopment proposals.

Lowestoft
Lowestoft (/ˈloʊ(ɪ)stɒft, ˈloʊstəf/ LOH-(ih)-stoft, LOH-stəf) is a coastal town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. As the most easterly UK settlement, it is 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Ipswich and 22 miles (35 km) south-east of Norwich, and the main town in its district. Its development grew with the fishing industry and as a seaside resort with wide sandy beaches. As fishing declined, oil and gas exploitation in the North Sea in the 1960s took over. In 2021 the built-up area had a population of 71,327 and the parish had a population of 47,879.
Horace Lamb
Sir Horace Lamb (27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934) was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on classical physics, among them Hydrodynamics (1895) and Dynamical Theory of Sound (1910). Both of these books remain in print. The word vorticity was invented by Lamb in 1916.

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.
Kiby
Kiby is a village in Vadsø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located along the Varangerfjorden and European route E75, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the town of Vadsø. The fishing village had a population of 39 in 2003, although it had a population of 208 in 1891. Vadsø Airport, which opened on 1 August 1974, is located at Kiby.

Norwegian-American poet Julius Berg Johannesen was born in Kiby in 1869. He immigrated to the US in 1891, where he published three books with poems.

Varangerfjord
The Varangerfjord (English: Varanger Fjord; Russian: Варангер-фьорд, Варяжский залив; Finnish: Varanginvuono; Northern Sami: Várjavuonna) is the easternmost fjord in Norway, north of Finland. The fjord is located in Finnmark county between the Varanger Peninsula and the mainland of Norway.

Economy: There are six fish farming facilities (as of 2025); They use 12,000 tons of feed.
The Belvedere Hotel (Dublin)
The Belvedere Hotel is a hotel located on Great Denmark Street in Dublin, Ireland. It operates primarily in three Georgian red-brick houses built in the 1770s, at 1-3 North Great George's Street, while the remainder of the property to the rear was constructed in the mid 2000s.

Number 1 has served as the Belvedere hotel since around 1900.

The hotel takes its name from nearby Belvedere House.

The hotel is owned by former Fianna Fáil TD Donie Cassidy and is currently managed under an operating agreement by Dalata Hotel Group, who market it under the "Maldron" brand, and as of 2024, it was rated as a 3-star hotel.

Great Denmark Street
Great Denmark Street (Irish: Sráid na Danmhairge Mhór) is a Georgian street in Dublin, Ireland. It leads from Parnell Square to Mountjoy Square and is crossed by Temple Street/Hill Street, and forms part of Gardiner Row.
Eurofly Flash Light
The Eurofly Flash Light (sometimes styled by the manufacturer as FLASHlight) is an Italian ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Eurofly Srl, of Galliera Veneta. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.