hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North East Milton Keynes
52°03′22″N 0°38′53″W﻿ / ﻿52.056°N 0.648°W﻿ / 52.056; -0.648

North East Milton Keynes was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1992 to 2010. It elected one member of parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Boundary commissions (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, the boundary commissions are non-departmental public bodies responsible for determining the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies for elections to the House of Commons. There are four boundary commissions: one each for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Each commission comprises four members, three of whom take part in meetings. The speaker of the House of Commons chairs each of the boundary commissions ex officio but does not play any part in the review, and a High Court judge is appointed to each boundary commission as deputy chair.
The Volpini Exhibition, 1889
The Volpini Exhibition was an exhibition of paintings arranged by Paul Gauguin and his circle held at the Café des Arts on the Champ de Mars, not far from the official art pavilion of the 1889 Exposition universelle in Paris. A poster and an illustrated catalogue were printed, but the show of "Paintings by the Impressionist and Synthetist Group", held in June and early July 1889, was ignored by the press and proved to be a failure.

Exposition Universelle (1889)
The Exposition Universelle de 1889 (French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1889 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889. It was the fifth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It attracted more than thirty-two million visitors. The most famous structure created for the exposition, and still remaining, is the Eiffel Tower.
Archon (butterfly)
Archon is a genus of Palaearctic swallowtail butterflies in the subfamily Parnassiinae. Traditionally, only two species have been recognized: Archon apollinus and Archon apollinaris. Recent studies, however, have given specific status to a third taxon, Archon bostanchii, and suggested that further subspecies could warrant recognition as species.

Archon bostanchii
Archon bostanchii is a species of false Apollo butterfly (genus Archon) belonging to the Parnassiinae or snow Apollo subfamily. This papilionid is endemic to Iran. It was originally described as a subspecies of Archon apollinaris but subsequently recognized as a full species.

The forewing length is 16.5–20 mm (0.65–0.79 in).
Kazimierz Pac
Kazimierz Pac (died 1696) was a Polish nobleman and bishop of Smoleńsk since 1664 and Samogitia since 3 October 1667, canon of Wilno since 1657.

Son of Piotr Pac and brother of Hetman Michał Kazimierz Pac.

Piotr Pac
Piotr Pac (Lithuanian: Petras Pacas) (after 1570–1642) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, Lithuanian Court Chorąży from 1613, Lithuanian Court Treasurer from 1635, Voivode of Trakai (1640–1642).

He took part in the Battle of Kircholm in 1605. In 1607 he took part in the commission setting borders between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Duchy of Courland.
Fonfon Glacier
Fonfon Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Фонфон, romanized: lednik Fonfon, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik fonˈfɔn]) is the 4 km long and 2.3 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is situated north of Gerila Glacier and south of the head of Embree Glacier.  The glacier drains the northeast slopes of the northern summit of Long Gables Peak and the southeast slopes of Mount Anderson, flows northeastwards and joins upper Ellen Glacier southeast of Eyer Peak.

The glacier is named after the Fonfon locality on Vitosha Mountain, Bulgaria.

Embree Glacier
Embree Glacier is a 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long glacier in the north-central part of Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, draining the eastern slopes of Mount Hale, Mount Davis and Mount Bentley, the northeast slopes of Mount Anderson, and the northwestern slopes of Probuda Ridge, flowing north-northeastwards and north of Mount Schmid turning east to join Rutford Ice Stream east of Mount Tegge.  Named by the US-ACAN for Maj. Henry Embree, USAF, who participated in the establishment of the South Pole Station in 1956. Embree Glacier is in Antarctica.
Beijing West Mountain National Forest Park
Beijing West Mountain National Forest Park (Chinese: 北京西山国家森林公园) is located in Beijing's western suburbs, spanning across Haidian, Shijingshan, and Mentougou Districts. With a total area of 59.7-square-kilometre (23.1 sq mi), it is recognized as a National Forest Park and a AAA-level tourist attraction.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
Delta Psi Delta (Linfield University)
Delta Psi Delta (ΔΨΔ) is a local fraternity established in 1904 at Linfield University in McMinnville, Oregon. It is the oldest local fraternity in the Pacific Northwest and was the first fraternity to be established at the university.

McMinnville, Oregon
McMinnville is the county seat of and the most populous city in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States, at the base of the Oregon Coast Range. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 34,319.

McMinnville is located in the Willamette Valley at the confluence of the North and South forks of the Yamhill River. The city's economy has both industry and service businesses as well as the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum, home of Howard Hughes's famed Spruce Goose flying boat. Linfield University provides higher education.

McMinnville is a center of the well-developed Oregon wine industry in the Willamette Valley, which has hundreds of wineries and vineyards.
Jordan Ikoko
Jordan Ikoko (born 3 February 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a full-back for the Liga I club Dinamo București.

Ikoko began his senior career with Paris Saint-Germain but did not make a first team appearance and spent time on loan at Créteil, Le Havre and Lens. In the summer of 2016, he joined Guingamp. Ikoko spent three seasons with the Ligue 1 team and totalled 83 competitive appearances before moving to Ludogorets in June 2019.

Ikoko was born in France and represented the country from under-16 to under-21 level. He then changed his allegiance to DR Congo, for whom he made his senior international debut in 2017.

2019 Bulgarian Supercup
The 2019 Bulgarian Supercup was the 16th Bulgarian Supercup, an annual Bulgarian football match played between the winners of the previous season's First Professional Football League and Bulgarian Cup. The game was played between the champions of the 2018–19 First League, Ludogorets Razgrad, and the 2019 Bulgarian Cup winners, Lokomotiv Plovdiv.

This was Ludogorets's seventh Bulgarian Supercup appearance and Lokomotiv Plovdiv's third. The two teams played each other in the 2012 Bulgarian Supercup, with Ludogorets winning 3−1.

Ludogorets won the Supercup for a 4th time after a 2–0 win over Lokomotiv Plovdiv. The goals were scored by Mavis Tchibota and Jody Lukoki.
Rabbi Meir
Rabbi Meir (Hebrew: רַבִּי מֵאִיר) was a Jewish sage who lived in the time of the Mishnah. He was one of the Tannaim of the fourth generation (139–163), and a disciple of Rabbi Akiva. He is the second most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah and is mentioned over 3,000 times in the Babylonian Talmud. His wife Bruriah is one of the few women cited in the Gemara.

Beth midrash
A beth midrash (Hebrew: בית מדרש, "house of learning"; pl.: batei midrash), also beis medrash, bais midrash, or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (beth knesseth), although the two are often coextensive. In Yiddish the beth midrash may be referred to as a zal, i.e. "hall". Beis midrash can also refer to a yeshiva gedolah, the undergraduate-level program in Orthodoxy, for boys over 12th grade.

The Arabic term "madrasah" is derived from the same Semitic root, and refers to any type of educational institution. The root דרש means "to seek [knowledge]" and is then generalized to mean "expound".
Hojōjutsu
Hojōjutsu (捕縄術, lit. "Restraining Rope Technique"), torinawajutsu (捕縄術, lit. "Restraining Rope Technique") or just nawajutsu (縄術, lit. "Rope Technique") is the traditional Japanese martial art of restraining a person using cord or rope (called nawa (縄, lit. "Rope") in Japanese), as a precursor to modern-day handcuffs. Encompassing many different materials, techniques and methods from various schools, hojōjutsu is a classic Japanese art that is a unique product of Japanese history and culture.

As a martial arts practice, hojōjutsu is rarely if ever taught on its own, but as part of a curriculum under the aegis of the body of study encompassed by a larger school of bugei or budō, often as an advanced study in jujutsu. Regardless of the source, hojōjutsu techniques and methods are rarely demonstrated outside Japan.

Handcuffs
Handcuffs are restraint devices designed to secure an individual's wrists in proximity to each other. They comprise two parts, linked together by a chain, a hinge, or rigid bar. Each cuff has a rotating arm which engages with a ratchet that prevents it from being opened once closed around a person's wrist. Without a key, handcuffs cannot be removed without specialist knowledge, and a handcuffed person cannot move their wrists more than a few centimetres or inches apart, making many tasks difficult or impossible.

Handcuffs are frequently used by law enforcement agencies worldwide to prevent suspected criminals from escaping from police custody.
Catia gens
The gens Catia was a plebeian family at Rome from the time of the Second Punic War to the third century AD.  The gens achieved little importance during the Republic, but held several consulships in imperial times.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Brussels Basketball
Brussels Basketball, also known as Excelsior Brussels, is a professional basketball club based in Neder-Over-Heembeek (Brussels), Belgium. The team competes in the BNXT League and hosts its home games at the Neder-Over-Heembeek sports complex, which has a capacity of up to 1,500 spectators.

Pro Basketball League
The Pro Basketball League (PBL), was the highest tier level professional basketball league in Belgium for clubs. In 2021, the league was succeeded by the Belgian-Dutch BNXT League.

The league is organized by the Basketball League Belgium. The current president of the league is Maarten Bostyn.

The most successful team in the league is Oostende, which holds the record for the most league titles won, with 26, and the now defunct team of Racing Mechelen is second, with 15.
Henri Rousseau
Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (French: [ɑ̃ʁi ʒyljɛ̃ feliks ʁuso]; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910) was a French post-Impressionist painter in the Naïve or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer), a humorous description of his occupation as a toll and tax collector. He started painting seriously in his early forties; by age 49, he retired from his job to work on his art full-time.

Ridiculed during his lifetime by critics, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality. Rousseau's work exerted an extensive influence on several generations of avant-garde artists.

Pushkin Museum
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: Государственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А. С. Пушкина, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy muzey izobrazitel'nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina, abbreviated as Russian: ГМИИ, GMII) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatoslav Richter's December Nights has been held in the Pushkin Museum since 1981.
Snow grains
Snow grains are a form of precipitation. Snow grains are characterized as very small (<1 mm), white, opaque grains of ice that are fairly flat or elongated. 
Unlike snow pellets, snow grains do not bounce or break up on impact. Usually, very small amounts fall, mostly from stratus clouds or fog, and never fall in the form of a shower.

The METAR code for snow grains is SG.

Graupel
Graupel (/ˈɡraʊpəl/; German: [ˈɡʁaʊpl̩] ⓘ), also called soft hail or hominy snow or granular snow or snow pellets or popcorn snow, is precipitation that forms when supercooled water droplets in air are collected and freeze on falling snowflakes, forming 2–5 mm (0.08–0.20 in) balls of crisp, opaque rime.

Graupel is distinct from hail and ice pellets in both formation and appearance. However, both hail and graupel are common in thunderstorms with cumulonimbus clouds, though graupel also falls in winter storms, and at higher elevations as well. The METAR code for graupel is GS.
Pisiktarfik Island
Pisiktarfik Island is a member of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. Located at the confluence of Tremblay Sound and Eclipse Sound, it is an irregularly shaped island located near Alfred Point, Baffin Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Practical reason
In philosophy, practical reason is the use of reason to decide how to act. It contrasts with theoretical reason, often called speculative reason, the use of reason to decide what to believe. For example, agents use practical reason to decide whether to build a telescope, but theoretical reason to decide which of two theories of light and optics is the best.

Action theory (philosophy)
Action theory or theory of action is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing willful human bodily movements of a more or less complex kind. This area of thought involves epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, jurisprudence, and philosophy of mind, and has attracted the strong interest of philosophers ever since Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Third Book). With the advent of psychology and later neuroscience, many theories of action are now subject to empirical testing.

Philosophical action theory, or the philosophy of action, should not be confused with sociological theories of social action, such as the action theory established by Talcott Parsons.  Nor should it be confused with activity theory.
2011 UNICEF Open
The 2011 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 22nd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 12 June until 18 June 2011. Dmitry Tursunov and Roberta Vinci won the singles title.

2011 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for women's professional tennis organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 2011 WTA Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments, the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Championships.
Hollywood/Santa Monica, Dallas
Hollywood/Santa Monica is a neighborhood in east Dallas, Texas, United States. The neighborhood is located northwest of  SH 78 (East Grand Avenue).  To the southwest, its boundaries are defined by Sarasota and Valencia streets, while the Santa Fe Trail forms a dome-shaped boundary to the north. The neighborhood is part of a special conservation district to protect the Hollywood Heights and Santa Monica subdivisions.

Dallas Independent School District
The Dallas Independent School District (Dallas ISD or DISD) is a school district based in Dallas, Texas, United States. It operates schools in much of Dallas County and is the second-largest school district in Texas and the seventeenth-largest in the United States. During the 1990s, the district branded itself as Dallas Public Schools (DPS).

As of 2017, the school district was rated "as having met the standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
Cyprus Museum of Natural History
The Cyprus Museum of Natural History (Greek: Κυπριακό Μουσείο Φυσικής Ιστορίας, romanized: Kypriakó Mouseío Fysikís Istorías) is a natural history museum on the outskirts of Nicosia, Cyprus.

The museum was founded by the Photos Photiades Charity, Scientific and Cultural Foundation, and is the largest museum of its kind in Cyprus. Its approximately 2,500 exhibits include various embalmed animals including mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and insects. It also includes rocks, minerals, semi-precious stones, shells, and fossils, showcasing the region's geological history and evolution over millions of years.

Natural history museum
A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, climatology, and more.
ISO 3166-2:NA
ISO 3166-2:NA is the entry for Namibia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Namibia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 14 regions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is NA, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Namibia. The second part is two letters.

The Kavango East and Kavango West regions were created in August 2013 by a split of Kavango Region (which was named Okavango before 1998). At the same time, Caprivi and Karas were renamed Zambezi and ǁKaras, respectively. However, the code for the Zambezi Region was not changed, and is still derived from the former name.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Epsilon Volantis
Epsilon Volantis, Latinized from ε Volantis, is a quadruple star system in the southern constellation Volans. This star is at the center of the constellation of Volans and connects the "wings" of the constellation. Based upon parallax measurements, is roughly 640 light years from Earth.

The primary component, Epsilon Volantis A, is a spectroscopic binary. It is classified a blue-white B-type giant star and has an apparent magnitude of +4.35. (The individual components are classified as B6IV and B8.) The binary system has an orbital period of 14.1683 days. The binary's companion, Epsilon Volantis B, is 6.05 arcseconds away and has an apparent magnitude of +8.1. It too is a spectroscopic binary, consisting of two A-type main sequence stars with stellar classifications of A2 V and an orbital period of "a few days".

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Chess World Cup 2015
The Chess World Cup 2015 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 10 September to 5 October 2015.

Sergey Karjakin won the competition on tie-breaks after a four-game final against Peter Svidler. Both finalists qualified for the 2016 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2013, Vladimir Kramnik, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the third round.

Chess World Cup 2013
The Chess World Cup 2013 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, played between 11 August and 2 September 2013, in the hotel Scandic Tromsø in Tromsø, Norway. It was won by Vladimir Kramnik, who defeated Dmitry Andreikin 2½–1½ in the final match. The finalists qualified for the 2014 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2011, Peter Svidler, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the quarter-finals.
The Missouri Mauler
Larry Edward "Rocky" Hamilton (April 1, 1931 – July 20, 1996), better known by his ring name the Missouri Mauler, was an American professional wrestler who competed in the National Wrestling Alliance, becoming a mainstay of the latter promotion throughout the 1960s.

One of the earliest professional wrestlers to appear on televised wrestling events, he feuded with many popular wrestlers of the era including Jack Brisco, "Plowboy" Stan Frazier, Steve Keirn, Tim Woods, Tarzan Tyler and Fritz Von Erich during his 31-year career.

He is also the older brother of wrestler Jody Hamilton who competed as the masked wrestler the Assassin as well as the uncle of former World Championship Wrestling official Nick Patrick.

Nick Patrick (referee)
Joseph Nicholas Patrick Hamilton Jr. (born November 9, 1959), better known by his ring name Nick Patrick, is a retired American professional wrestling referee. He is a former referee for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He has also served as head referee for former WWE developmental territory Deep South Wrestling (DSW) until that company's closing, and is former head referee for Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW).