hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calcium sparks
A calcium spark is the microscopic release of calcium (Ca2+) from a store known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), located within muscle cells. This release occurs through an ion channel within the membrane of the SR, known as a ryanodine receptor (RyR), which opens upon activation. This process is important as it helps to maintain Ca2+ concentration within the cell. It also initiates muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscles and muscle relaxation in smooth muscles. Ca2+ sparks are important in physiology as they show how Ca2+ can be used at a subcellular level, to signal both local changes, known as local control, as well as whole cell changes.

Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Capturing multiple two-dimensional images at different depths in a sample enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures (a process known as optical sectioning) within an object. This technique is used extensively in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.

Light travels through the sample under a conventional microscope as far into the specimen as it can penetrate, while a confocal microscope only focuses a smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. The CLSM achieves a controlled and highly limited depth of field.
Lemongrove, County Westmeath
Lemongrove also known as Rathcam is a townland in the civil parish of Enniscoffey  in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the north of Milltownpass, bordered by Ballintlevy and Enniscoffey to the north, Bellfield to the west, Claremount to the east and Windmill to the south.

Windmill, County Westmeath
Windmill also known as Blackislands is a townland in the civil parish of Enniscoffey in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the northwest of Milltownpass, with the Milltown river forming its western border with the townlands of Bellfield and Gaulstown. The townland of Corcloon stands to the south and east.
ISO 3166-2:LB
ISO 3166-2:LB is the entry for Lebanon in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Lebanon, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for eight governorates. Aakkâr Governorate (which contains the current Aakkâr District) and Baalbek-Hermel Governorate (which contains the current Baalbek District and Hermel District), which are listed, are in the process of being implemented after having been approved for creation in 2003.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is LB, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Lebanon. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Cutdown
A cutdown is a customised scooter (usually an Italian Vespa or Lambretta) with parts of the bodywork removed or cut away. Cutdowns were popular amongst skinheads and scooterboys during the mod revival of the 1970s and 1980s. While the style-obsessed British mod youth subculture of the 1960s prized the glamorous, metropolitan image of scooters, many skinheads and scooterboys viewed their bikes as simply a form of transportation.

While some scooter enthusiasts have focused on the stripped-down look, with just a bare frame and visible engine and mechanical parts, some scooterboys put back almost as much hardware as they had taken off, by adding customized chrome-plated accessories and racks.

Mod revival
The mod revival is a subculture that started emulating the aesthetic of the sixties Mod culture in the late 1970s. Beginning in the United Kingdom, it later spread to other countries. The movement started as a reaction to the disillusionment within the punk scene at the commercialism that had started to set in. First gaining momentum as an underground movement, it took off following the release of The Who film Quadrophenia.

The late 1970s mod revival was led by bands such as The Jam, which adopted a stark mod look and mixed the energy of punk with the sound of early 1960s. The mod revival was seen as a conscious effort to hark back to an earlier generation in terms of Mod style and presentation such as wearing 1950s-style US Army field-parkas and riding Italian scooters.
2015 Open de Rennes
The 2015 Open de Rennes was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Rennes, France between 12 and 18 October 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Henrietta Mears
Henrietta Cornelia Mears (October 23, 1890 – March 20, 1963) was a Christian educator, evangelist, and author who had a significant impact on evangelical Christianity in the 20th century and was one of the founders of the National Sunday School Association. Best known as the innovative and dynamic Director of Christian Education at First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood, California, and in charge of the church's college and young adult programs in the mid-1900s, she built a dedicated, enthusiastic staff, trained and mentored her teachers and implemented a graded, age-appropriate curriculum from "cradle roll" to adults.

River City Church
44°58′30″N 93°16′40″W﻿ / ﻿44.97500°N 93.27778°W﻿ / 44.97500; -93.27778

River City Church (formerly First Baptist Church) is a  Baptist church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, member of the Venture Church Network.
Igor V. Komarov
Igor Volodymyrovych Komarov (Ukrainian: Ігор Володимирович Комаров) is a Ukrainian synthetic organic chemist, specializing in medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology. He is the director of the Institute of High Technologies of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He is also a scientific advisor of Enamine Ltd (Ukraine) and Lumobiotics GmbH (Germany).

Enantioselective synthesis
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."

Put more simply: it is the synthesis of a compound by a method that favors the formation of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have opposite configurations at every chiral center. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ at one or more chiral centers.

Enantioselective synthesis is a key process in modern chemistry and is particularly important in the field of pharmaceuticals, as the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity.
Network Security Platform
The McAfee Network Security Platform is a network-based intrusion prevention sensor appliance that is used in prevention of zero-day, DoS (Denial of Service) attacks, spyware, malware, botnets and VoIP threats. It was formerly known as IntruShield.

Spyware
Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any malware  that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their privacy, endangering their device's security, or other means. This behavior may be present in other malware and in legitimate software. Websites may engage in spyware behaviors like web tracking. Hardware devices may also be affected.

Spyware is frequently associated with advertising and involves many of the same issues. Because these behaviors are so common, and can have non-harmful uses, providing a precise definition of spyware is a difficult task.
Kam Controls
Kam Controls Incorporated is an R&D company based in  Houston, Texas, United States manufacturing  measurement instruments for producers and pipeline operators in the petroleum industry. The company manufactures instruments to be used in downstream, midstream and upstream operations in the petroleum industry, used in aviation, laboratory, marine, pipeline, production, refinery, storage and truck applications, including water in oil and interface detectors, turbidity and moisture analyzers, samplers and static mixers. The company is also a supplier for the oil shale production companies in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus Shale Plays.

Moisture analysis
Moisture analysis covers a variety of methods for measuring the moisture content in solids, liquids, or gases. For example, moisture (usually measured as a percentage) is a common specification in commercial food production. There are many applications where trace moisture measurements are necessary for manufacturing and process quality assurance.  Trace moisture in solids must be known in processes involving plastics, pharmaceuticals and heat treatment.  Fields that require moisture measurement in gasses or liquids include hydrocarbon processing, pure semiconductor gases, bulk pure or mixed gases, dielectric gases such as those in transformers and power plants, and natural gas pipeline transport. Moisture content measurements can be reported in multiple units, such as: parts per million, pounds of water per million standard cubic feet of gas, mass of water vapor per unit volume or mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry gas.
Sandy Islands (Manitoba)
52°58′N 97°58′W﻿ / ﻿52.967°N 97.967°W﻿ / 52.967; -97.967
Sandy Islands is a group of four islands located in the northern basin on Lake Winnipeg in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The Sandy Islands together with Little George Island, George Island and the Spider Islands form a chain of islands, which are a continuation of The Pas Moraine.

The largest island within the group is Big Sandy Island, located approximately 47 kilometers (29 mi) west from the mouth of the Poplar River on the eastern shore, and approximately 32 kilometers (20 mi) east from the easternmost tip of the Long Point on the western shore of Lake Winnipeg.

Other islands in the group are Little Sandy Island to northwest of the main island, and Cannibal Island to southeast. The smallest island is located in the narrow strait between Little Sandy and Big Sandy islands.

The islands are uninhabited with no man-made structures present.

Spider Islands
The Spider Islands are a small archipelago in the north basin of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. The archipelago is situated near the eastern shoreline of the lake, north of the mouth of the Belanger River.

The archipelago consists of eight small islands, and together with reefs the islands form a chain that reaches nearly four kilometers or two and a half miles into the north basin.
Chief of the General Staff (Kuwait)
The General Staff H.Q. of the Kuwait Army (Arabic: رئاسة الأركان العامة للجيش الكويتي) redesignated in 1953 following formation in 1949, is a management department of the Kuwait Armed Forces, the national military of the State of Kuwait. The Chief of the General Staff (Arabic: رئيس هيئة الأركان العامة) is the senior combat military officer governing doctrines of the Kuwait Army, the Kuwait Air Force and the Kuwait Naval Force, but excludes the Kuwait National Guard, the Kuwait Police and Kuwait Fire Service Directorate. He is appointed by the Kuwait Defense Minister, a deputy prime minister, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Kuwait; the latter is appointed by the Emir of Kuwait, the Commander-in-chief of the Military of Kuwait.

Ministry of Defense (Kuwait)
The Kuwait Ministry of Defence (Arabic: وزارة الدفاع الكويتية) is one of the governmental bodies of Kuwait. Its minister in charge is a member of the Cabinet of Kuwait.  The current Minister of Defence is Abdullah Ali Al-Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.
UBC Biomass Research and Demonstration Facility
The Biomass Research and Demonstration Facility uses biomass to create clean heat and energy. This facility is located at 2329 West Mall in Vancouver at the University of British Columbia's West Point Grey Campus. Official operation began in September 2012, by combining syngas and gasification conditioning systems with a Jenbacher engine. The highest potential output of this system is 2 MWe (megawatts) of electricity and 9600 lbs of steam per hour. This system is the first of its type in all of Canada, and it was put together by the cooperation of three parties: General Electric (GE), Nexterra, and the University of British Columbia (UBC).

Biomass
Biomass is material produced by the growth of microorganisms, plants or animals. Beyond this general definition, there are differences in how the term is used and applied depending on industry or subject-matter norms. For example, it may be more narrowly defined as just plant matter, or as a combination of plant and animal matter.
Hyperacusis
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise.  Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani.  It is often categorized into four subtypes: loudness, pain (also called noxacusis), annoyance, and fear. It can be a highly debilitating hearing disorder.

There are a variety of causes and risk factors, with the most common being exposure to loud noise. It is often coincident with tinnitus. Proposed mechanisms in the literature involve dysfunction in the brain, inner ear, or middle ear.

Little is known about the prevalence of hyperacusis, in part due to the degree of variation in the term's definition. Reported prevalence estimates vary widely, and further research is needed to obtain strong epidemiological data.

Stapes
The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other tetrapods which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. This bone is connected to the oval window by its annular ligament, which allows the footplate (or base) to transmit sound energy through the oval window into the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body, and is so-called because of its resemblance to a stirrup (Latin: Stapes).
Petrie of Rochdale
Alexander Petrie and Co was a company that manufactured stationary steam engines.  It was based in Rochdale, Greater Manchester in England.  The company did general millwrighting, producing some steam engines during the 19th century. Around 1845, their superintendent, William McNaught, was producing large steam-driven beam engines for textile mills in Rochdale.

Stationary steam engine
Stationary steam engines are fixed steam engines used for pumping or driving mills and factories, and for power generation. They are distinct from locomotive engines used on railways, traction engines for heavy steam haulage on roads, steam cars (and other motor vehicles), agricultural engines used for ploughing or threshing, marine engines, and the steam turbines used as the mechanism of power generation for most nuclear power plants.

The development of the steam engine was gradual. They were introduced during the 18th century and widely made for the whole of the 19th century and most of the first half of the 20th century, only declining as electricity supply and the internal combustion engine became more widespread. Over time, they would improve in pressure, expansion and speed.
Nagasvaravali
Nāgasvarāvaḻi, is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an audava rāgam (or owdava, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes).

Janya
Janya is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a janya raga is one derived from one of the 72 melakarta ragas (fundamental melodic structures). Janya ragas are classified into various types based on a variety of features.
Division No. 10, Newfoundland and Labrador
Census Division No. 10 of Newfoundland and Labrador is composed of the Labrador region of the province, excluding Nunatsiavut. It has a land area of 199,703 km² (77,105.8 sq mi) and at the 2016 census had a population of 24,639, up from 24,111 in 2011. Its two major population centres are the towns of Happy Valley-Goose Bay and Labrador City.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Yamaha SY85
The Yamaha SY85 is a digital music workstation introduced in 1992. Unlike other Yamaha synthesizers of the time (SY77 and the SY99) the SY85 does not use FM synthesis. Instead, its sounds are based on samples, which can be layered and modified to create new sounds.

Music workstation
A music workstation is an electronic musical instrument providing the facilities of:

a sound module,

a music sequencer and

(usually) a musical keyboard.

It enables a musician to compose electronic music using just one piece of equipment.
Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Team jumping
The team jumping was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme.  The event was held on 24 October, and consisted merely of summing the scores of the team's 3 horse and rider pairs in the individual jumping event.

Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping
The individual show jumping was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. The event was held on 24 October. There were 46 competitors from 17 nations. Each nation could have up to three riders. The event was won by Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola of France, the first rider to win two gold medals in individual jumping; he did so 12 years apart, with his first in 1952. It was France's third gold medal in the event overall, moving out of a tie with Italy at two for most all-time (counting Germany and the United Team of Germany separately). Hermann Schridde, representing the United Team of Germany, took silver. Great Britain earned its second consecutive bronze in the event, this time with Peter Robeson taking the honors.
George Duning
George Duning (February 25, 1908 – February 27, 2000) was an American musician and film composer. He was born in Richmond, Indiana, and educated in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, where his mentor was Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco.

Tightrope!
Tightrope! is an American crime drama series that aired on CBS from September 1959 to September 1960, under the alternating sponsorship of the J. B. Williams Company (Aqua Velva, Lectric Shave, etc.), and American Tobacco (Pall Mall). Produced by Russell Rouse and Clarence Greene in association with Screen Gems, the series stars Mike Connors as an undercover agent named "Nick" who was assigned to infiltrate criminal gangs. The show was originally to have been titled Undercover Man, but it was changed before going to air. Actor Robert Phillips, a former Los Angeles undercover policeman and US Marine, claimed the show was based on his exploits, but that he was not chosen to portray himself.
Mineral Core Research Facility
The Mineral Core Research Facility (MCRF), run by the Alberta Geological Survey (AGS), assists the Alberta government's Department of Energy in administering the Metallic and Industrial Minerals Regulations of the Mines and Minerals Act for the Province of Alberta. Under these regulations, the Crown collects mineral core and rock samples from companies working on mineral permits and makes these materials publicly available for use by prospectors, mineral exploration companies and academia for mineral exploration and research purposes.

The MCRF is a large warehouse complex for core storage with two viewing/display areas and a visitors office. The facility is 1235 square metres plus 310 square metres on the mezzanine, located in the Capital Industrial Park of Edmonton, Alberta. The MCRF contains more than 58,572 metres of mineral core and 17,000 rock samples, primarily from the exposed Canadian Shield in northeast Alberta.

Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadjɛ̃]), also called the Laurentian Shield or the  Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the continental United States.
Plaza Rio Hondo
Plaza Rio Hondo is a shopping mall in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. It opened in 1982 and is anchored by Marshalls Megastore, Caribbean Cinemas, TJ Maxx, Best Buy, Golden Corral, Pueblo Supermarkets, Chili's Grill & Bar, Walgreens, and PetSmart.

Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouses
Ponderosa Steakhouse and Bonanza Steakhouse are a chain of buffet/steakhouse restaurants that are a part of Homestyle Dining LLC based in Plano, Texas. Its menu includes steaks, hamburgers, seafood, and chicken and potato entrées, all of which come with their buffet. A lunch menu is also served.

Unlike some other chains with two names which use only one of the names in a given region, restaurants in the same locale could be named either Bonanza or Ponderosa. This is because Bonanza and Ponderosa were separate companies, which were later merged under the Metromedia Restaurant Group.

The names of the restaurants were derived from the TV series Bonanza, which was set at a place called Ponderosa Ranch.