hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War
Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World by Patrick J. Buchanan was published in May 2008 and examines British imperial decisions in both World War I and World War II. Buchanan particularly focuses on the role of Winston Churchill.

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister as the monarch's most senior adviser, and its members include secretaries of state and senior ministers of state. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the prime minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Ministerial Code says that the business of the Cabinet (and cabinet committees) is mainly questions of major issues of policy, questions of critical importance to the public and questions on which there is an unresolved argument between departments.

The work of the Cabinet is scrutinised by the Shadow Cabinet, made up of members of the Official Opposition.
Manga Life
Manga Life (まんがライフ, Manga Raifu) was a manga magazine published monthly by Takeshobo in Japan since the November 1984 issue (published in October 1984). Its original title was Gag da (ギャグダ, Gyagu da), and the change to Manga Life was made to better compete with Manga Time, a rival magazine published by Houbunsha. Most of the series appearing in the magazine used the yonkoma format. The magazine is released monthly on the 17th, though it sometime appeared on shelves slightly before or after that, depending on the speed of actual distribution. Manga Life was published in B5 size, and its Japanese magazine code was 18635.

Manga Club merged with Manga Life in April 2020. Manga Life suspended publication on July 27, 2022. The majority of its titles moved to Manga Life Original.

Takeshobo
Takeshobo Co., Ltd. (株式会社竹書房, Kabushiki-gaisha Takeshobō) is a major publisher in Japan.

Takeshobo was founded in 1972 by Kyōichirō Noguchi, starting Japan's first Mahjong magazine Monthly Mahjong Magazine (月刊近代麻雀, Gekkan Kindai Mājan). Other magazines, such as a magazine dedicated to mahjong-themed manga, as well as a magazine dedicated to yonkoma manga, were published. Furthermore, a mahjong museum was founded. Currently, in addition to the older magazines, a pachinko magazine, a gravure magazine, short stories as well as adult literature novels are published. On the Internet, it has distribution agreements with Livedoor. Takeshobo yonkoma comics are distributed on the comic distribution website Manga Life Win. Excluding mahjong manga, manga series are published under the Bamboo Comics label.
2007 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
The 2007 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships in speed skating were held in the Thialf stadium in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 23 and 24 December 2006. Although the event took place in December 2006 this was the 2007 edition as it is part of the 2006–07 speed skating season.

Sven Kramer won the men's allround event, finishing in the top four on all distances. Erben Wennemars won bronze in his first start at an allround championship. In the women's event, Ireen Wüst won both the shortest distances, and finished on the podium in all four distances to take overall victory by almost two points.

KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
The Dutch Allround Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch Allround champion, in contrast to the KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships, which determines a Dutch champion for each distance. The Allround distance championships date back to 1901 for men and 1955 for women.
Melanoplus strumosus
Melanoplus strumosus, known generally as the swollen short-wing grasshopper or swollen spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Central America.

Melanoplinae
The Melanoplinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. They are distributed across the Holarctic and Neotropical realms. They are one of the two largest subfamilies in the Acrididae. As of 2001 the Melanoplinae contained over 800 species in over 100 genera, with more species being described continuously.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey statistical leaders
The Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey program in various categories, including goals, assists, points, and saves. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Fighting Irish represent the University of Notre Dame in the NCAA's Big Ten.

Notre Dame began competing in intercollegiate ice hockey in 1911.  These lists are updated through the end of the 2020–21 season.

Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey
The Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team of the University of Notre Dame, competing at the NCAA Division I level as an associate member of the Big Ten Conference. The Irish play their home games at Compton Family Ice Arena. The head coach of the Fighting Irish is Brock Sheahan.
New Mexico State Road 292
State Road 292 (NM 292) is a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 292's southern terminus is at NM 28 (Avenida de Mesilla) in Mesilla, and its northern terminus is at Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. Route 180 (US 180) in Las Cruces. It continues north at its northern terminus as North Motel Boulevard to US 70.

Interstate 10 in New Mexico
Interstate 10 (I-10) in the US state of New Mexico is a 164.264-mile-long (264.357 km) route of the Interstate Highway System. I-10 traverses southern New Mexico through Hidalgo, Grant, Luna, and Doña Ana counties. The Interstate travels east–west from the Arizona state line to the interchange with I-25 in Las Cruces, and then travels north–south to the Texas state line. US Route 80 (US 80) was replaced by I-10 in the state.
Captain Ribnikov
"Staff Captain Rybnikov" (Shtabs-Kapitan Rybnikov, Штабс-капитан Рыбников) is a short story by Alexander Kuprin first published in Mir Bozhy's January 1906 issue. It was published in English in 1916 as "Captain Ribnikov", in anthology The River of Life And Other Stories. D. S. Mirsky considered it one of Kuprin's best short stories.

Mir Bozhiy
Mir Bozhiy (God's World, Мир божий) was a Russian monthly magazine published in Saint Petersburg in 1892–1906. It was edited first by Viktor Ostrogorsky (1892–1901), then by Fyodor Batyushkov (1902–1906). In July 1906 Mir Bozhiy was closed by censors. The publisher of the magazine was Alexandra Davydova, mother-in-law of Alexander Kuprin.
Nîmes Olympique
Nîmes Olympique (commonly referred to as simply Nîmes) is a French association football club based in Nîmes. The club was founded on 12 April 1937 and currently plays in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of French football. The Stade des Antonins is the club's home stadium.

Coupe Charles Drago
The Coupe Charles Drago was an elimination cup competition organised by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, between clubs that are knocked out before the quarter-finals of the Coupe de France. The tournament was founded in 1953 and was discontinued after the 1965 tournament.
Christianity in Mongolia
Christianity in Mongolia is a minority religion. Most Christians in Mongolia became Christian after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990. According to the Christian missionary group Mission Eurasia, the number of Christians grew from less than 40 in 1990 to around 40,000 meeting in 600 different churches in 2025.

Buddhism in Mongolia
Buddhism is the largest religion in Mongolia practiced by 51.7% of Mongolia's population, according to the 2020 Mongolia census, or 58.1%, according to the Association of Religion Data Archives. Buddhism in Mongolia derives much of its recent characteristics from Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelug and Kagyu lineages, but is distinct and presents its own unique characteristics.

Vajrayana Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) emperors' conversion to Tibetan Buddhism. The Mongols returned to shamanic traditions after the collapse of the Mongol Empire, but Buddhism reemerged in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Monte Bove
Monte Bove is a mountain in the Monti Sibillini range of the Apennines, Marche, central Italy. It has an elevation of 2169 metres.

It is limited from north by the Ussita stream and from south by the Vallinfante valley. Then northern and eastern slopes are characterized by wide rock cliffs of dolomitic limestone.

Sibillini Mountains
The Sibillini Mountains, or Sibylline Mountains (Italian: Monti Sibillini) are one of the major mountain groups in the Italian Peninsula, and part of the Apennines range. Most of the peaks are over 2,000 m (6,600 ft); the highest is Monte Vettore at 2,476 m (8,123 ft).

Since 1993 the area has been part of the Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini (Sibillini Mountains National Park).

The present-day landscape morphology, predominantly U-shaped valleys and glacial depressions, is due to the action of glaciers during the Quaternary period.
Delta set
In mathematics, a Δ-set, often called a Δ-complex or a semi-simplicial set, is a combinatorial object that is useful in the construction and triangulation of topological spaces, and also in the computation of related algebraic invariants of such spaces.  A Δ-set is somewhat more general than a simplicial complex, yet not quite as sophisticated as a simplicial set. Simplicial sets have additional structure, so that every simplicial set is also a semi-simplicial set.

As an example, suppose we want to triangulate the 1-dimensional circle . To do so with a simplicial complex, we need at least three vertices, and edges connecting them. But delta-sets allow for a simpler triangulation: thinking of  as the interval [0,1] with the two endpoints identified, we can define a triangulation with a single vertex 0, and a single edge looping between 0 and 0.

Andrew Ranicki
Andrew Alexander Ranicki (born Andrzej Aleksander Ranicki; 30 December 1948 – 21 February 2018) was a British mathematician who worked on algebraic topology.  He was a professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh.
Qarah Sufi
Qarah Sufi (Persian: قره صوفي, also Romanized as Qarah Şūfī) is a village in Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 21 families.

Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District
Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان چاراويماق جنوب غربي) is in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Araskonay-e Sofla.
Lundey, Skjálfandi
Lundey (Icelandic: [ˈlʏntˌeiː] ⓘ, "Puffin Island") is a small, uninhabited island in Skjálfandi bay located about 8.3 kilometres (5.2 miles) from Húsavík, in northern Iceland. It is the smaller of two islands in the bay, the other being Flatey.
Lundey is about 300 metres (980 ft) long and 150 metres (490 ft) wide. Its highest point lies about 34 metres (112 ft) above sea level.
Its name in Icelandic means "Puffin"; over 200,000 Atlantic Puffin breed on the island's cliffs in the summer hence its name. The island lies only 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the Arctic Circle and therefore experiences 24 hours of daylight during the summer solstice.

Flatey, Skjálfandi
Flatey (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈflaːtˌeiː] ⓘ) is an island on Skjálfandi bay located about 8.7 kilometres (4+11⁄16 nautical miles) from Húsavík, in northern Iceland. Its name in Icelandic means "flat island"; its highest point is only about 22 metres (72 feet) above mean sea level, hence its name. It is 2.5 kilometres (1+1⁄2 miles) long and 1.7 kilometres (1+1⁄16 miles) wide. It is the fifth-largest island around Iceland. The Flateyjardalur coast and Flateyjardalsheiði valley are named after Flatey.
Youngsook Park
Youngsook Park is a leading futurist from South Korea She serves as Chair of Millennium Project Korea Node. She also represents several global futures research organizations such as TechCastGlobal, and Davinci Institute. She has been Information Officer of the British Embassy Seoul (1982–2000) and Director of Public Diplomacy of the Australian Embassy Seoul (2000–2010) where she was trained as a futurist by attending World Future Society conferences, and other futurists meetings. Park is known for bringing global futurists to Korea for the last 30 years, and is a co-organizer of Korea Future Forum along with News1, a Korean news agency, inviting famous futurists to Seoul to speak on futures.

Futurist
Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is future studies or futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities about the future and how they can emerge from the present, whether that of human society in particular or of life on Earth in general.
Konstantin Chernyshov
Konstantin Valeryevich Chernyshov (Russian: Константин Валерьевич Чернышов, born June 11, 1967) is a Russian chess grandmaster (2000) and a chess coach.

In 2008 he tied for 1st–8th with Vugar Gashimov, David Arutinian, Yuriy Kryvoruchko, Sergey Fedorchuk, Andrei Deviatkin, Vasilios Kotronias and Erwin L'Ami in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open Tournament. In 2010 he tied for 1st–4th with Evgeny Bareev, Lê Quang Liêm and Ernesto Inarkiev in the Moscow Open and won the event on tie-break.

Chernyshov is the author of Cognitive Chess: Improving Your Visualization and Calculation Skills. The book was published by Russell Enterprises in 2021 and contains hundreds of exercises that are intended to be worked through in the reader's mind, without looking at a chess board.

Vugar Gashimov
Vugar Gasim oghlu Hashimov (Azerbaijani: Vüqar Qasım oğlu Həşimov; 24 July 1986 – 11 January 2014), known internationally as Vugar Gashimov, was an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster. He was a noted player of blitz chess. At his peak ranking, he was No. 6 in the world, achieved in November 2009.

He won the Athens 2005 (Acropolis International), and tied for first at the Cappelle-la-Grande open in 2007, he again tied for first and was winning it on tie-break in 2008. He won the strong and traditional invitation tournament at Reggio Emilia in 2010–11 on tie-break above Francisco Vallejo Pons.
Durham, Missouri
Durham is an unincorporated community in southern Lewis County, Missouri, United States.  It is located on Route 6, approximately ten miles southwest of La Grange. Durham is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office called Durham has been in operation since 1872. The community has the name of a railroad employee.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Norton Braves
The Norton Braves were a minor league baseball team based in Norton, Virginia. From 1951 to 1953, the Braves played exclusively as members of the Class D level Mountain States League. Norton hosted home minor league games at Municipal Stadium.

Pennington Gap Miners
The Pennington Gap Miners were minor league baseball team based in Pennington Gap, Virginia. Between 1937 and 1951, Pennington Gap teams played as members of the Class D level Appalachian League from 1937 to 1940 and Mountain States League from 1948 to 1951, winning the 1937 league championship.  The team was initially called the "Bears."

Pennington Gap was a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Browns from 1938 to 1940.

Pennington Gap teams hosted home minor league games at Leeman Field.
1,3,4,6-Tetrathiapentalene-2,5-dione
1,3,4,6-Tetrathiapentalene-2,5-dione or thiapendione is a chemical compound with a formula C4O2S4. It is a dithiole containing two carbonyl groups that is used in the synthesis of sulfur heterocyclic compounds.

Dicarbonyl
In organic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is a molecule containing two carbonyl (C=O) groups. Although this term could refer to any organic compound containing two carbonyl groups, it is used more specifically to describe molecules in which both carbonyls are in close enough proximity that their reactivity is changed, such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicarbonyls. Their properties often differ from those of monocarbonyls, and so they are usually considered functional groups of their own. These compounds can have symmetrical or unsymmetrical substituents on each carbonyl, and may also be functionally symmetrical (dialdehydes, diketones, diesters, etc.) or unsymmetrical (keto-esters, keto-acids, etc.).
Abutilon × hybridum
Abutilon × hybridum is a species name used for a wide variety of different types of flowering plants of uncertain origin in the genus Abutilon. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the name, they are often considered a cultivar group: Abutilon x Hybridum Group or Abutilon Hybridum Group. They are cultigens, not occurring in the wild. As with the larger genus Abutilon generally, they have been referred to by the common names Chinese lantern, and parlour maple.

Cultivar 'Moonchimes'

Abutilon pictum
Abutilon pictum, syn. Abutilon striatum (disputed), is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The plant has become naturalised in Central America, and is used in horticulture. Common names include redvein abutilon, red vein Indian mallow, redvein flowering maple, Chinese-lantern and red vein Chinese lanterns.
ML148
ML148 is a drug which acts as a reasonably potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), with an IC50 of 56 nM. It increases levels of prostaglandin E2 and stimulates tissue regeneration. It was one of the earliest selective 15-PGDH inhibitors developed, and is now mainly significant as a lead compound which was used to develop more potent derivatives such as HW201877, but is still used in research as its simple chemical structure and straightforward synthesis makes it a cost-effective alternative to more complex compounds.

HW201877
HW201877 is a drug which acts as a potent inhibitor of the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). It increases levels of prostaglandin E2 and stimulates tissue regeneration, and has been researched in animal studies for treatment of conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Logan Bye
Logan Bye (born March 2, 1998) is an American ice dancer. With his skating partner and wife, Eva Pate, he is a six-time Challenger Series medalist.

With former partner Chloe Lewis, he is the 2016 Youth Olympic silver medalist, 2016 JGP Estonia bronze medalist, and 2018 U.S. Junior bronze medalist.

ISU Junior Grand Prix in the Czech Republic
The ISU Junior Grand Prix in the Czech Republic – also known as the Czech Skate – is an international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Czech Figure Skating Association (Czech: Český krasobruslařský svaz). It is held periodically as an event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating (JGP), a series of international competitions exclusively for junior-level skaters. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final.
John Hope Simpson
Sir John Hope Simpson KBE CIE OBJ (23 July 1868 – 10 April 1961) was a British Liberal politician who served as a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom and later in the Government of the Dominion of Newfoundland.

Hope Simpson was born in West Derby, son of John Hope Simpson of Sefton Park, Liverpool and Margaret Swan. He was christened "John Hope" and educated at Liverpool College and Balliol College, Oxford.

Newfoundland Commission of Government
The Commission of Government was a non-elected body that governed the Dominion of Newfoundland from 1934 to 1949.  Established following the collapse of Newfoundland's economy during the Great Depression, it was dissolved when the dominion became the tenth province of Canada on March 31, 1949. It was composed of civil servants who were directly subordinate to the British Government in London.
Synodontis budgetti
Synodontis budgetti, known as Budgett's synodontis, is a species of upside-down catfish native to Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria where it occurs in Lake Nokoue and the Niger.  It was first described by Belgian-British zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1911, from specimens collected in Lokoja, Nigeria.  The species name budgetti comes from name of the collector of the original specimen, J.S. Budgett.

Mochokidae
The Mochokidae are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) that are known as the squeakers or upside-down catfish (although not all species swim upside-down). Nine genera and about 200 species of mochokids ae described. All the mochokids are freshwater species originating from Africa.

They have three pairs of barbels, with the nasal barbels absent; sometimes, the mandibular barbels may be branched. The lips are modified into a suckermouth in Atopochilus, Chiloglanis, and Euchilichthys. The adipose fin is usually very long. The dorsal and pectoral fins have spines that are usually strong and with a locking mechanism. They range in size up to 72 cm (28 in) standard length. This group contains many popular species among aquarists, such as Synodontis nigriventris, Synodontis angelicus, and Synodontis multipunctatus.
Dunton, Buckinghamshire
Dunton is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. The village is situated approximately 8 miles (13 km) north from Aylesbury and 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east from Winslow.

In 2011, Dunton had a population (including Hoggeston) of 189. The parish contains the Grade II* listed Church of St Martin and six other buildings that are Grade II listed.

Winslow, Buckinghamshire
Winslow /ˈwɪnzloʊ/ is a market town and civil parish in north Buckinghamshire, England, within the Buckinghamshire Council unitary authority area. It has a population of just over 4,400. It is located approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east of Buckingham, and 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Bletchley (Milton Keynes).