hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely born babies, where the blood vessels of the retina do not develop normally. It primarily affects premature babies who receive neonatal intensive care, especially when supplemental oxygen therapy is used to support breathing. The manifestations of ROP span a spectrum: incomplete development of retinal blood vessels; development of pathological (harmful) retinal blood vessels (which leak and bleed); retinal fibrosis (scarring); and finally retinal detachment. The outcomes of ROP ranges from spontaneous resolution to blindness.

Vascularisation
Vascularisation or neovascularization (neo- + vascular + -ization) is the physiological process through which blood vessels form in tissues or organs.

Growth factors that inhibit neovascularization include those that affect endothelial cell division and differentiation. These growth factors often act in a paracrine or autocrine fashion; they include fibroblast growth factor, placental growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived endothelial growth factor.

It may occur through angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels form from pre-existing ones), vasculogenesis (the creation of blood vessels during development, particularly in embryos) or arteriogenesis (where smaller vessels become enlarged into fully functioning arteries).
Norwegian Communications Authority
The Norwegian Communications Authority (Norwegian: Nasjonal kommnikasjonsmyndighet), prior to 2015 the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority (Post- og teletilsynet) is a Norwegian government agency responsible for controlling and regulating the telecommunication and postal sector of Norway. The agencies main responsibilities are controlling the telecom market, issuing frequency concessions and telephone numbers.

The authority has a close relationship with the Norwegian Competition Authority and the Norwegian Consumer Council. It is located in Lillesand and is financed though fees charged to the telecom companies. The authority dates back to 1987 when it was created as the Norwegian Telecommunications Authority (Teletilsynet). In 1997, it also received responsibility for the postal sector.

Norwegian Consumer Council
The Consumer Council of Norway (Norwegian: Forbrukerrådet) is a Norwegian government agency and consumer protection organisation established in 1953. It works to increase consumer influence in society, to contribute to consumer-friendly developments, and to promote measures that strengthen the position of consumers. The Norwegian government funds the Consumer Council, leaving it free to develop an independent consumer policy and independent of commercial interests and other organisations.
Ohara Tunnel
Ohara Tunnel (大原トンネル, Ohara tonneru) is a tunnel on Iida Line that runs from Misakubo Station and Ōzore Station in Hamamatsu city,  Shizuoka  Prefecture with total length of 5.063 km. It was built and completed in 1955.

Ōzore Station
Ōzore Station (大嵐駅, Ōzore-eki)  is a railway station on the Iida Line in Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central). The name of the station literally translates as “raging storm”, and while there are various theories, no one is entirely sure why this name was chosen. The station is located in Misakubo town, on the border with Nagano, but as that town is 96% forests, there is little nearby.
Margaret Tuke
Dame Margaret Janson Tuke DBE (13 March 1862, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England – 21 February 1947, Hitchin) was a British academic and educator. She was the youngest child of the philanthropist James Hack Tuke. She was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1932.

Newnham College, Cambridge
Newnham College is a women's constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

The college was founded in 1871 by a group organising Lectures for Ladies, members of which included philosopher Henry Sidgwick and suffragist campaigner Millicent Garrett Fawcett. It was the second women's college to be founded at Cambridge, following Girton College. The college celebrated its 150th anniversary throughout 2021 and 2022.
1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain
The 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain was the fourth race of the 1998 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 7 August in the Brandon Stadium in Coventry, England It was the fourth British SGP and first in Coventry. SGP was won by Australian rider Jason Crump. It was the second win of his career, after winning in 1996 London GP.

1998 Speedway Grand Prix
The 1998 Speedway Grand Prix was the 53rd edition of the official World Championship. It was the fourth season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion.

Tony Rickardsson won the World title, which included three wins from the six Grand Prix events. The Swede's win was his second World title success and he secured the gold medal comfortably ahead of nearest rivals Jimmy Nilsen and Tomasz Gollob.
DC Rainmaker
DC Rainmaker is a blog by Ray Maker that reviews technology used for runners, cyclists, and triathletes. It was started in September 2007.

In the February 2015 web traffic chart of ad-supported bike websites, DC Rainmaker was listed sixth in terms of North American traffic and overall traffic by Bicycle Retailer & Industry News (BRAIN). BRAIN described DC Rainmaker as the "paper of record" for bicycling technology and highlighted his strong ethical independence: Maker does not accept free product or travel from companies, nor does he accept advertising from them. However, DC Rainmaker does earn money from links provided to the products on Amazon and receives products in beta stage from companies.

Maker was listed in Runner's World as one of "The 50 Most Influential People In Running".

Runner's World
Runner's World is a global magazine and website for runners of all abilities. It has additionally developed experiential formats, including a digital membership program, called Runner's World+. It is published by Hearst in Easton, Pennsylvania and was formerly published by Rodale, Inc. Outside the United States, the magazine is published in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.
Hōei eruption
The Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji started on December 16, 1707 (during the Hōei era, 23rd day of the 11th month of the 4th year) and ended on February 24, 1708.  It was the last confirmed eruption of Mount Fuji, with three unconfirmed eruptions reported from 1708 to 1854. The eruption took place during the reign of Emperor Higashiyama and the Shogun was Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. It is well known for the immense ash-fall it produced over eastern Japan and subsequent landslides and starvation across the country. Hokusai's One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji includes an image of the small crater at a secondary eruption site on the southwestern slope. The area where the eruption occurred is called Mount Hōei because it occurred in the fourth year of the Hōei era. Today, the crater of the main eruption can be visited from the Fujinomiya or Gotemba Trails on Mount Fuji.

One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji
One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji (Japanese: 富嶽百景, Hepburn: Fugaku hyakkei) is a series of three illustrated books by Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. It is considered one of Japan's most exceptional illustrated books (e-hon), and alongside the Hokusai Manga, the most influential in the West. The first two volumes were published in 1834 and 1835, shortly after completion of his seminal Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, with a third released in the late 1840s.

The books contain over a hundred views of Mount Fuji in various styles and settings; Hokusai shows the peak in pure landscapes, with flora and fauna, in religious and mythological scenes and with different atmospheric effects, but above all, he focuses on ordinary people at work.

The first two volumes are celebrated for their very high standards of woodblock printing, with "extremely fine cutting" and "exquisite gradation" (bokashi) of the grey blocks; they have been called a "masterpiece of monochrome printing".
2016 Santaizi ATP Challenger
The 2016 Santaizi ATP Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Taipei, Taiwan between 25 April and 1 May.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
National Home Palace
The National Home Palace (Croatian: Palača Narodni dom) is a palace located in Gornji Grad, the old town of the Croatian capital of Zagreb, at Opatička Street 18. The palace is currently owned by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and hosts its Institute for the History of Croatian Literature, Theatre and Music.

Gornji grad, Zagreb
Gornji grad (meaning "Upper Town") is a historic part of Zagreb, Croatia, and together with Kaptol it is the medieval nucleus of the city, when it was best known as Gradec (pronounced [grǎdet͡s]) or Grič (pronounced [grîːtʃ], Hungarian: Gréc, Latin: Mons Graecensis prope Zagrabiam). It is situated on the hill of Grič. Today this neighbourhood forms part of the Gornji Grad-Medveščak district. St. Mark's Square is the centre of the Upper Town and St. Mark's Church which is located on the square.
Argia tibialis
Argia tibialis, the blue-tipped dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Argia tibialis is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Joe EL
Joel Amadi, known as Joe EL, (born 23 March) is a Nigerian afrobeat singer, songwriter, and performer, signed with Kennis Music. In 2006, he participated in the Star Quest singing competition in Jos and later on in the annual Kennis Music Easter fiesta.

Southern Kaduna
Southern Kaduna (Tyap: A̱tak Ka̱duna [ǝtag kǝduna] ⓘ; Jju: Ka̱tak Ka̱duna [kǝtag kǝduna] ⓘ; Hausa: Kudancin Kaduna [kudǝnt͡ʃin kəduna] ⓘ; formerly Southern Zaria) is an area of the Nok Culture region inhabited by various related ethnic groups who do not identify as Hausa, living south of Zaria, Kaduna State. It is located in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. According to the Southern Kaduna People's Union (SOKAPU), Southern Kaduna consists of 12 (or 13) Local Government Areas out of 23 in Kaduna State.

In September 2020, the SOKAPU national publicity secretary, Luka Binniyat, in a statement he signed said the region makes up 51.2% of the entire state's population as shown in the 2006 census figures, occupying 26,000 sq. km. of the state's 46,000 sq. km. total land mass, with 57 registered ethnic nationalities of the state's 67 identified ones. Angerbrandt (2015) views it as being less of a geographical identity and more of an ethnic identity concept.
Outline of Benin
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Benin:

Benin – country in West Africa.  It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north; its short coastline to the south leads to the Bight of Benin. Its capital is Porto Novo, but the seat of government is Cotonou. Benin was known as Dahomey until 1975.

Benin Armed Forces
The Benin Armed Forces (French: Forces Armées Béninoises; FAB) constitutes the army, navy, air force, and republican guard of the Republic of Benin. For several years, the Belgian Armed Forces have had an active programme of co-operation with Benin, offering training and coaching, donating surplus military equipment, and conducting limited military exercises in the country.
State House, Windhoek
The State House of the Republic of Namibia is the official residence and workplace of the President of Namibia.

Located in the Auasblick suburb of Windhoek, the State House was constructed by Mansudae Overseas Projects of North Korea from September 2002 to March 2008, a total of 66 months. It is one of four major public works projects Mansudae constructed in Namibia, the other three being Heroes' Acre, Okahandja Military Museum and the Independence Memorial Museum.

The administrative building cost 400 million Namibian dollars.

President of Namibia
The president of Namibia is the head of state and head of government of Namibia. The president directs the executive branch of the government, acts as chair of the Cabinet and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in terms of the Constitution.
Astriaal
Astriaal are an Australian black metal band that formed in 1998, and are one of Australia's highest-profile black metal bands. The band have so far released 2 full-length albums and 3 EPs, and have supported well-known international acts such as Mayhem, Arcturus, Suffocation, Nile, Deeds of Flesh, Opeth and Pungent Stench. Astriaal's lyrics deal with Abyssal Theology, Nature and Misanthropy.

Nazxul
Nazxul are an Australian black metal band which formed in 1993. They issued two studio albums, Totem (March 1995) and Iconoclast (July 2009). In March 2021, their most recent studio album titled Irkalla was released with the lineup being Adrian Henderson on guitar, Lachlan Mitchell on keyboards and guitar, John McLaughlin on drums and Dalibor Backovic on vocals and bass guitar.
Hillsborough Mills
The Hillsborough Mills are a historic textile manufacturing complex at 37 Wilton Road in Western Milford, New Hampshire, near its town line with Wilton. The oldest buildings of the brick mill complex were built in 1866 as a carpet-making operation. This business failed in 1874, but the complex was acquired by other textile interests, and eventual saw success producing carpet yarns, and blankets for horses and bedding. The mills were closed in 1970, and have since been adapted for other uses. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Milford, New Hampshire
Milford is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States, on the Souhegan River. The population was 16,131 at the 2020 census, up from 15,115 at the 2010 census. It is the retail and manufacturing center of a multi-town area known informally as the Souhegan Valley.

The town center, where 9,212 people lived at the 2020 census, is defined as the Milford census-designated place (CDP), and is located at the junction of New Hampshire routes 13 and 101A. It also contains part of the census-designated place of Wilton.
2021 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan) squads
This is a list of the squads of the six franchise teams which competed in the 2021 Kashmir Premier League, a 20-over cricket league. The draft was planned to take place on 3 April 2021 but was later moved to 3 July due to the tournament being rescheduled from June to August. The draft took place in Islamabad. Each franchise was required to select a total of 5 emerging players. The tournament was held entirely in Muzaffarabad.

2021 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan)
The 2021 Kashmir Premier League (also known as 2021 KPL or, for sponsorship reasons, SRG KPL 2021), was the inaugural season of the Kashmir Premier League which was established by the Pakistan Cricket Board. The tournament featured six teams and was held from 6 August 2021 to 17 August 2021 in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. The opening ceremony and first match of the tournament were held at the Muzaffarabad Stadium on 6 August 2021.

The final was held on 17 August and saw Rawalakot Hawks defeating Muzaffarabad Tigers by 8 runs to win the first title. Asif Afridi of Rawalakot Hawks was awarded the man of the match award for his bowling figures of 3/21.
Sam Gargan (footballer)
Sam Joseph Gargan (born 24 January 1989, in Brighton) is an English footballer who plays as a striker whose last known club was Burgess Hill Town.

His professional career started at Brighton & Hove Albion in 2007. He spent two years at the club but only made the one appearance. Meanwhile, he enjoyed loan spells at Worthing, Bognor Regis Town, Welling United, Havant & Waterlooville, Lewes and Eastbourne Borough. In 2009, he dropped out of the Football League and signed for Sutton United, before moving to Whitehawk in 2010. Gargan briefly played for Burgess Hill Town in 2015, but re-signed for Whitehawk at the end of the year after scoring four times for The Hillians in a 5–1 victory over Merstham. He returned to Burgess Hill Town on loan, before finally ending the season with Whitehawk. He rejoined Burgess Hill Town for the start of the 2016–17 season.

Isthmian League
The Isthmian League (/ˈɪs(θ)miən/) is a regional football league covering Greater London, East and South East England, featuring mostly semi-professional clubs. Together with the Southern Football League and the Northern Premier League it forms levels seven and eight of the English football league system.

Founded in 1905 by amateur clubs in the London area, the league now consists of 88 teams in four divisions: the Premier Division above its three feeder divisions, the North, South Central and South East divisions.
Together with the Southern League and the Northern Premier League, it forms the seventh and eighth levels of the English football league system. It has various regional feeder leagues and the league as a whole is a feeder league mainly to the National League South.
NCR CRAM
CRAM, or Card Random-Access Memory, model 353-1, was a data storage device invented by NCR,

which first appeared on their model NCR-315 mainframe computer in 1962. It was also available for NCR's third generation NCR Century series as the NCR/653-100.

The first CRAM units were deployed on NCR's 315 system. A second generation was deployed on the successor 615 or Century line of computers. CRAM was very successful in the 1960s, offering a fast and secure storage alternative to magnetic tape, but was superseded by the development of superior disk drive technology.

Disk storage
Disk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a data storage mechanism based on a rotating disk. The recording employs various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to the disk's surface layer. A disk drive is a device implementing such a storage mechanism. Notable types are hard disk drives (HDD), containing one or more non-removable rigid platters; the  floppy disk drive (FDD) and its removable floppy disk; and various optical disc drives (ODD) and associated optical disc media.

(The spelling disk and disc are used interchangeably except where trademarks preclude one usage, e.g., the Compact Disc logo. The choice of a particular form is frequently historical, as in IBM's usage of the disk form beginning in 1956 with the "IBM 350 disk storage unit".)
A. Contini & Son
A. Contini & Son (also known as A. J. Contini & Son) was a fine art plaster mold casting firm founded by Italian American Attilio Contini and his son Cesare. Based in New York, New York, United States, A. Contini & Son made plaster molds for sculptors around the world including James Earle Fraser, Ivan Meštrović, Herbert Haseltine, A. Stirling Calder, Adolph Weinman, among others. It was the first casting facility of its kind in the United States.

Georg J. Lober
Georg John Lober (November 7, 1891 – December 14, 1961) was an American sculptor best known for his 1959 statue of composer George M. Cohan situated in Times Square, a 1949 sculpture of statesman Thomas Paine in Morristown, New Jersey, and a bronze sculpture of Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen located in Central Park, Manhattan. He served for nearly two decades as executive secretary for the New York City Municipal Art Commission, from 1943 to 1960.
Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman
Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman (Urdu: حافظ نعیم الرحمن; born 7 November 1973) is a Pakistani social activist, engineer, politician and Central Ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan (JIP) for the session 2024-2029. Previously he served as the President of Karachi Chapter from 2013 to 2024.

2024 Sindh provincial election
Provincial elections were held in Sindh on 8 February 2024 to elect a new provincial legislature. On 5 August 2023, after the approval of the results of the 2023 digital census by the Council of Common Interests headed by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, elections have been delayed for several months, as new delimitations will be published on 14 December 2023. On 2 November 2023, the Election Commission of Pakistan announced, in agreement with the President of Pakistan, Arif Alvi, that the elections should be held on 8 February 2024. This election was held concurrently with nationwide general elections and other provincial elections.
Leichlingen station
Leichlingen station is a through station in the town of Leichlingen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was opened on 25 August 1867 on the Gruiten–Köln-Deutz railway, which was completed between Gruiten and Opladen by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company on 25 September 1867. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

The station is served by the Rhein-Wupper-Bahn (RB 48) between Wuppertal-Oberbarmen and Cologne twice an hour during the day, with one train an hour to/from Bonn-Mehlem.

It is also served by two bus routes operated by Hüttebräucker: 253 (once a day) and 254 (at 60 minute intervals). It is served by bus route 255, operated by Wiedenhoff at 20–40 minute intervals and by bus route 694, operated by Stadtwerke Solingen at 30–60 minute intervals.

Gruiten–Köln-Deutz railway
The Gruiten–Cologne-Deutz railway is a major German railway. It is part of a major axis for long distance and regional rail services between Wuppertal and Cologne, and is served by Intercity Express, InterCity, Regional-Express and regionalbahn  trains.

The route is fully electrified. The last piece of single-track, the section between Köln-Mülheim station and Köln Messe/Deutz station (low level) was duplicated in 2009.
NGC 4118
NGC 4118 is a dwarf lenticular galaxy located approximately 63 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered April 20, 1857 by   R. J. Mitchell. NGC 4118 is a star forming dwarf galaxy, and is connected to the galaxy NGC 4111, along with the nearby NGC 4117, by disturbed H I from NGC 4111.

NGC 4118 is a companion of the galaxy NGC 4117, with both galaxies being members of the NGC 4111 Group which is part of the Ursa Major Cloud.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.