hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward J. Brundage
Edward Jackson Brundage (May 13, 1869 – January 20, 1934) was an American lawyer and politician.
Born in Campbell, New York, Brundage moved with his parents to Detroit, Michigan. He worked in a railroad office in Detroit, Michigan, and then moved to Chicago, Illinois, when the general office moved there. Brundage became chief clerk in 1888. He studied law and received his law degree from Chicago-Kent College of Law in 1893.

Brundage served in the Illinois House of Representatives and was a Republican. In November 1904, Brundage was elected President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners and was reelected in 1906. In 1907, Brundage served as corporation counsel for the City of Chicago. From 1917 to 1925, Brundage served as Illinois Attorney General.

Brundage committed suicide at his home in Lake Forest, Illinois by a self-inflicted gunshot to his heart, motivated to do so by his financial problems. He was buried at Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.

Illinois Attorney General
The Illinois attorney general is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States.  Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by statewide election.  Based in Chicago and Springfield, the attorney general is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies, including the governor of Illinois and Illinois General Assembly, as well as conducting all legal affairs pertaining to the state.

The office of Illinois Attorney General was established on December 3, 1818, based on guidelines adopted by a state constitutional convention. The attorney general is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Illinois. The first person to fulfill the duties of the office was Daniel Pope Cook who only served eleven days, and was later elected to the United States Congress. Cook County was named in his honor.

The current holder of the office is Kwame Raoul.
Via ferrata
A via ferrata (Italian for "iron path", plural vie ferrate or in English via ferratas) is a protected climbing route found in the Alps and certain other alpine locations.  The protection includes steel fixtures such as cables and railings to arrest the effect of any fall, which the climber can either hold onto or clip into using climbing protection.  Some via ferratas can also include steel fixtures that provide aid in overcoming the obstacles encountered, including steel ladders and steel steps.

Mountain guide
A mountain guide is a specially trained and experienced professional mountaineer who is certified by local authorities or mountain guide associations. They are considered to be high-level experts in mountaineering, and are hired to instruct or lead individuals or small groups who require this advanced expertise. This professional class of guides arose in the middle of the 19th century when alpine climbing became recognized as a sport.
Battle of Flamborough Head
The Battle of Flamborough Head was a naval battle that took place on 23 September 1779 in the North Sea off the coast of Yorkshire between a combined Franco-American squadron, led by Continental Navy officer John Paul Jones, and two British escort vessels protecting a large merchant convoy. It became one of the most celebrated naval actions of the war in America, despite its relatively small size and a considerable dispute over what had actually occurred.

HMS Serapis (1779)
HMS Serapis was a Royal Navy two-decked, Roebuck-class fifth-rate. Randall & Company built her at Deptford Dockyard, Greenwich and launched her in March, 1779. She was originally armed with 44 guns (twenty 18-pounders, twenty 9-pounders, and four 6-pounders). Serapis was named after the god Serapis in Greek and Egyptian mythology. The Americans captured her during the American War of Independence. They transferred her to the French, who commissioned her as a privateer. She was lost off Madagascar in 1781 to a fire.
Paint the Town Red (video game)
Paint the Town Red is a 2021 first-person combat video game, developed and published by South East Games. Initially released as an early access title in 2015, the full version became available on Steam in 2021, with versions also released for Xbox and Nintendo Switch. Developed on the Unity Engine, with the use of voxels, players are placed in various locations where the goal is to kill all other non-playable characters, reminiscent of last man standing. Weapons and items around the levels are used to inflict damage on NPCs, with them also able to attack the player in return.

The title generally received positive reviews, particularly for the combat system and the use of voxels. However, received criticism for lengthy progression time and unbalanced difficulty without the use of in-game customisable modifiers.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Rugby World Cup hosts
The Rugby World Cup host nation for both men and women is selected by World Rugby at a meeting six years before each tournament. Each of the Men's Rugby World Cups from 1987 to 2015 were hosted by countries that are considered the traditional powers in World Rugby. The first non Rugby Championship or Six Nations country to host a Rugby World Cup was Japan in 2019, after failed bids for the 2011 (awarded to New Zealand) and 2015 (awarded to England) tournaments. The women's version of the Rugby World Cup, which is known as the Women's Rugby World Cup, was first held in 1991, alternating with even-numbered non-leap years from 1994 to 2014 before switching to odd-numbered years from 2017 onwards.

New Zealand Rugby
New Zealand Rugby (NZR) is the governing body of rugby union in New Zealand. It was founded in 1892 as the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU), 12 years after the first provincial unions in New Zealand. In 1949 it became an affiliate to the International Rugby Football Board, now known as World Rugby, the governing body of rugby union for the world. It dropped the word "Football" from its name in 2006. The brand name New Zealand Rugby was adopted in 2013. Officially, it is an incorporated society with the name New Zealand Rugby Union Incorporated.

The organisation's main objectives, as displayed in the NZR Constitution, are to promote and develop rugby throughout New Zealand; arrange and participate in matches and tours in New Zealand and overseas; represent New Zealand in World Rugby; form and manage New Zealand representative teams; and encourage participation in the sport. NZR headquarters are located in Wellington, New Zealand, with an office in Auckland.
Nanaimo (electoral district)
Nanaimo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1979.

This riding was created as Nanaimo riding in 1903 from parts of Vancouver and Victoria ridings.

Its legal description when it was created was: "The electoral district of Nanaimo, comprising the provincial electoral districts of Cowichan, Esquimalt, Nanaimo City, Newcastle, Saanich and The Islands."

Nanaimo electoral district was renamed Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands in 1962.

Vancouver (electoral district)
Vancouver was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1904. This riding was created for the 1872 federal election, following British Columbia's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871, and lasted until 1903.

The name of this riding is not derived from the contemporary City of Vancouver but from its first incarnation in 1871 as the riding representing Vancouver Island (excepting the Victoria-area ridings). The area that now makes up the City of Vancouver was part of the New Westminster electoral district at the time of the province joining Confederation.
2026 U.S. immigration enforcement protests
In January 2026, protests began throughout the United States in response to the shootings by immigration agents in the second Trump administration, most notably the killing of Renée Good and the shooting of two people in Portland, Oregon. At least 36 arrests have been made, including 30 in Minneapolis and six in Portland. The protests were later further fueled by the killing of Alex Pretti.

Aurora, Colorado
Aurora (/əˈroʊrə/, /əˈrɔːrə/) is a home rule city located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States census with 336,035 living in Arapahoe County, 47,720 in Adams County, and 2,506 in Douglas County. Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 51st-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area, and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Al-Sabinah
Al-Sabinah (Arabic: السبينة) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located southwest of Damascus in the western Ghouta. Nearby localities include Ashrafiyat Sahnaya, Darayya, Muadamiyat al-Sham, Sayyidah Zaynab, al-Hajar al-Aswad. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Sabinah had a population of 62,509 in the 2004 census.

Al-Sabinah camp, a Palestinian refugee camp, was established beside the town in 1948.

Sayyidah Zaynab
Sayyidah Zaynab (Arabic: السيدة زينب, romanized: as-Sayyidah Zaynab; meaning "Lady Zaynab"), commonly known as Sayyidah Zaynab (Arabic: سیده زينب), is a town in the Rif Dimashq Governorate of Syria, 10 km (6 mi) south of Damascus, the national capital. With a population of 136,427 (2004 census), it is the 10th most populous city in Syria and the most populous satellite city of Damascus. Administratively, the town is located in Markaz Rif Dimashq district and belongs to the nahiyah ("subdistrict") of Babbila. The municipality of Sayyidah Zaynab is still considered as a rural community by the governorate of Rif Dimashq. The city contains the Qabr Essit Palestinian refugee camp.
USA Dance
USA Dance, formerly the United States Amateur Ballroom Dance Association (USABDA), is a national governing body for DanceSport (the competitive version of ballroom dancing) in the United States.  It is recognized as such by the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF), the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC), and the Amateur Sports Act of the United States Congress.  In addition to promoting ballroom dancing as a recreational activity, USA Dance also promotes DanceSport nationally and internationally.

USA Dance organizes and hosts the annual USA Dance National DanceSport Championships which awards United States National titles and the opportunity to represent the U.S. at the IDSF World Championships.  The 2010 championships were held in Los Angeles, CA and the 2011 championships will be held in Baltimore, MD.  The organization has approximately 25,000 paying members and has a connection and outreach to an estimated 200,000 dancers.

World DanceSport Federation
The World DanceSport Federation (WDSF), formerly the International DanceSport Federation (IDSF), is the international governing body of dancesport and Para dancesport, as recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

Founded in 1957 as the International Council of Amateur Dancers (ICAD), it took the name IDSF in 1990. In 2011, it was renamed to WDSF to emphasise the global character of the organization.
Manteca (song)
"Manteca" is one of the earliest foundational tunes of Afro-Cuban jazz. Co-written by Dizzy Gillespie, Chano Pozo and Gil Fuller in 1947, it is among the most famous of Gillespie's recordings (along with the earlier "A Night in Tunisia") and is "one of the most important records ever made in the United States", according to Gary Giddins of The Village Voice. "Manteca" is the first tune rhythmically based on the clave to become a jazz standard.

A Night in Tunisia
"A Night in Tunisia" is a musical composition written in 1942 by American trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie that has become a jazz standard. Dizzy wrote it while he was playing with the Benny Carter band. The tune is also known as "Interlude".

"A Night in Tunisia" was one of the signature pieces of Gillespie's bebop big band, and he also played it with his small groups. In January 2004, The Recording Academy added Gillespie's 1946 RCA Victor recording to the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Angus Fletcher (businessman)
Angus Fletcher was a British businessman and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

Fletcher was made Justice of the Peace in 1855. He was appointed member of the Legislative Council on 10 December 1860 in room of George Lyall who resigned on leaving Hong Kong. He resigned his seat on the Legislative Council in 1862 and subsequently replaced by Charles Wilson Murray.

Charles Wilson Murray
Charles Wilson Murray (10 September 1820 – 15 August 1873) was a Scottish businessman and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

Murray was born in Edinburgh. He became the partner of the Bibery & Co. in 1859. He was subsequently appointed to the Legislative Council in March 1862. He resigned his seat in the Legislative Council in February 1865 on leaving Hong Kong and his vacancy was subsequently replaced by Thomas Sutherland. He died in Keswick, Cumberland, England, in 1873.
Imogolite
Imogolite is an aluminium silicate clay mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO3(OH)4. It occurs in soils formed from volcanic ash and was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in Uemura, Kumamoto prefecture, Kyushu Region, Japan. Its name originates from the Japanese word imogo, which refers to the brownish yellow soil derived from volcanic ash. It occurs together with allophane, quartz, cristobalite, gibbsite, vermiculite and limonite.

Imogolite consists of a network of nanotubes with an outer diameter of ca. 2 nm and an inner diameter of ca. 1 nm. The tube walls are formed by continuous Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) sheets and orthosilicate anions (O3SiOH groups). Owing to its tubular structure, natural availability, and low toxicity, imogolite has potential applications in polymer composites, fuel gas storage, absorbents, and as a catalyst support in chemical catalysis.

Vermiculite
Vermiculite is a hydrous phyllosilicate mineral which undergoes significant expansion when heated. Exfoliation occurs when the mineral is heated sufficiently; commercial furnaces can routinely produce this effect. Vermiculite forms by the weathering or hydrothermal alteration of biotite or phlogopite.
Large commercial vermiculite mines exist in the United States, Russia, South Africa, China, and Brazil.
Care for the Wild International
Care for the Wild International (CWI) was a British animal welfare organisation that campaigned to protect the welfare of wild animals around the world. Care for the Wild International described its mission as "to stop and prevent the suffering of wild animals of all species" and to "promote investigation into the value of each species in the web of life and particularly the effect that mankind's actions have on wildlife". The CWI was dissolved in 2015 with its funds transferred to the Born Free Foundation.

Born Free Foundation
The Born Free Foundation is an international wildlife charity that campaigns to "Keep Wildlife in the Wild". It protects wild animals in their natural habitat, campaigns against the keeping of wild animals in captivity and rescues wild animals in need. It also promotes compassionate conservation, which takes into account the welfare of individual animals in conservation initiatives. Born Free also creates and provides educational materials and activities that reflect the charity's values.

Born Free's head office is located in Horsham, West Sussex, in south east England. It also has offices in Kenya, Ethiopia and South Africa, with representatives in Sri Lanka and Australia. Born Free USA is a separate organisation based in the United States which adheres to the same objectives as the Foundation.

In the year to 31 March 2021, the charity reported income of £5.9m.
Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha
Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha is an Indian politician from the State of Assam, belonging to Indian National Congress. He was elected as MLA of Karimganj North (Vidhan Sabha constituency) for the first time in 2011, defeating the four-time BJP MLA Mission Ranjan Das, ending the streak of a lack of success for Congress in North Karimganj after 25 years. He was re elected in 2016.
In 2021, he won for the third consecutive time. He was also the deputy chief whip of Congress Legislative Party in Assam.

Mission Ranjan Das
Mission Ranjan Das is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Assam, India. He has been elected in Assam Legislative Assembly election in 1991, 2000, 2001 and 2006 from Karimganj North constituency. He was also the chairman of Assam State Transport Corporation.

Das was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha in the 2024 by-election.
McLaren Flat, South Australia
McLaren Flat  is a township in the McLaren Vale/Willunga basin south of Adelaide. McLaren Flat is on the sprawling flat land to the east of the town of McLaren Vale on the road to Kangarilla. At the 2016 census, the locality had a population of 1,537 of which 1,121 lived in its town centre.

McLaren Flat is located within the McLaren Vale wine region. The area surrounding the town is planted to vineyards and several wineries are located in the immediate area. It has a population of 600. It shares the same post code as McLaren Vale (5171) but has a different telephone exchange (8383...). McLaren Flat has its own primary school, however all of the town's sports teams are joined with the neighbouring town of McLaren Vale and known as McLaren Districts.

McLaren Flat is in the City of Onkaparinga. It is in Mawson. It is also on the boundary of the federal electorates of Kingston and Mayo .

McLaren Vale, South Australia
McLaren Vale is a town and locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of the Adelaide city centre and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of the municipal seat at Noarlunga Centre.
Balearica
The bird genus Balearica (also called the crowned cranes or Balearic cranes) contains two extant species in the crane family Gruidae: the black crowned crane (B. pavonina) and the grey crowned crane (B. regulorum).

The species today occur only in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, and are the only cranes that can nest in trees. This habitat is one reason the relatively small Balearica cranes are believed to closely resemble the ancestral members of the Gruidae.

Like all cranes, they eat insects, reptiles, and small mammals.

Grey crowned crane
The grey crowned crane or gray crowned crane (Balearica regulorum) is a large crane species native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It occurs mainly in dry savannah, although it nests in somewhat wetter habitats, and can also be found in marshes, cultivated lands and grassy flatlands near rivers and lakes. Its body plumage is mainly grey and it has white cheeks, a red throat patch, and a stiff golden crown. It is omnivorous, consuming a wide variety of animal and plant matter, including plants, seeds, grain, insects, frogs, worms, snakes, small fish and the eggs of aquatic animals. It is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Vaccine-induced seropositivity
Vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) is the phenomenon wherein a person who has received a vaccine against a disease would thereafter give a positive or reactive test result for having that disease when tested for it, despite not actually having the disease.  This happens because many vaccines encourage the body to produce antibodies against a particular disease, and blood tests often determine whether a person has those antibodies, regardless of whether they came from the infection or just a vaccination.

VISP is especially a concern in vaccine trials for HIV vaccine research because people who give a positive result in an HIV test, even if that result is because of a vaccine and not because of an infection, may face discrimination because of HIV infection.

HIV vaccine development
An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination approach) or consist of preformed antibodies against HIV (passive vaccination approach).

Two active vaccine regimens, studied in the RV 144 and Imbokodo trials, showed they can prevent HIV in some individuals; however, the protection was in relatively few individuals, and was not long lasting. For these reasons, no HIV vaccines have been licensed for the market yet. A challenge in developing a vaccine is that the HIV virus generates mutations faster than any other virus.
Billy Mann
William Hort-Mann (né Isaiah Erlichman; born December 20, 1968) is an American record producer and songwriter. He is known for producing "3 Is Family" by Dana Dawson in 1995 as well as Billboard Hot 100 top 40 hits such as "For You I Will (Confidence)" by Teddy Geiger, "Stupid Girls" and "Glitter in the Air" by P!nk, and "With You" by Jessica Simpson. He has co-produced or written albums for Backstreet Boys, Delta Goodrem, Kelly Rowland, Diana King, Ricki-Lee Coulter, Lauren Bennett, and Celine Dion, among others.

He founded the music publishing company Green & Bloom/Topline in 2011, and the management firm Manncom in 2012. In 2021, Mann co-founded Proof of Concept, a talent development and creative media services firm, and icons+giants, a record label in partnership with Alternative Distribution Alliance, both with Benton James.

Warner Chappell Music
Warner Chappell Music, Inc. is an American music publishing company and a subsidiary of the Warner Music Group. Warner Chappell Music's catalog consists of over 1.4 million compositions and 150,000 composers, with offices in over 40 countries.

It was formed in 1987 when Warner Music Group acquired Chappell & Co. and combined it with its existing music publishing division. Although the company previously had sheet music publishing activities, these were sold in 2005 and the company now focuses on music licensing and related services.
Heracleum sphondylium var. nipponicum
Heracleum sphondylium var. nipponicum is a perennial plant that is a variety of Heracleum sphondylium native to Japan. Plants of the World Online lists it as a synonym of Heracleum moellendorffii var. moellendorffii.

Heracleum sphondylium
Heracleum sphondylium, commonly known as hogweed or common hogweed, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, which includes fennel, cow parsley, ground elder and giant hogweed. It is native to most of Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, but is introduced in North America and elsewhere. Other common names include cow parsnip (not to be confused with Heracleum maximum of North America). The flowers provide a great deal of nectar for pollinators.