hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chuhra
Chuhra, also known as Bhanghi and Balmiki, is a Dalit caste in India and Pakistan. Populated regions include the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, as well as Uttar Pradesh in India, among other parts of the Indian subcontinent such as southern India. Their traditional occupation is sweeping, a "polluting" occupation that caused them to be considered untouchables in the caste system.

Originally following the Balmiki sect of Hinduism, many Chuhras converted to Sikhism, Islam and Christianity during the colonial era in India. Today, Chuhras in Indian Punjab are largely followers of Sikhism. A minority continue to follow Hinduism, which incorporates elements of Sikhism in its practices, as well as Christianity. In Pakistani Punjab 90–95% of its Christian population are Dalit Christians of the Chuhra caste; other Chuhras practice Islam or continue to follow Hinduism.

Census in British India
Census in British India refers to the census of India prior to independence  which was conducted periodically from 1865 to 1941. The censuses were primarily concerned with administration and faced numerous problems in their design and conduct ranging from the absence of house numbering in hamlets to cultural objections on various grounds to dangers posed by wild animals to census personnel. The sociologist Michael Mann called the census exercise "more telling of the administrative needs of the British than of the social reality for the people of British India". The differences in the nature of Indian society during the British Raj from the value system and the societies of the West were highlighted by the inclusion of "caste", "religion", "profession" and "age" in the data to be collected, as the collection and analysis of that information had a considerable impact on the structure and politics of Indian society.
Prenalterol
Prenalterol, sold under the brand name Hyprenan, is a sympathomimetic agent and cardiac stimulant which acts as a β1-adrenergic receptor partial agonist and is used in the treatment of heart failure. It has selectivity for the β1-adrenergic receptor. Its partial agonist activity or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity is about 60%. It is said to have much greater impact on myocardial contractility than on heart rate. The drug has been marketed in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Cardiac stimulant
A cardiac stimulant is a drug which acts as a stimulant of the heart – e.g., via positive chronotropic action (increased heart rate) and/or inotropic action (increased myocardial contractility). They increase cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart over time).
Mount Pleasant Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania
Mount Pleasant Township is a township that is located in Adams County, Pennsylvania,  United States. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 4,693.

It includes an exclave of the Gettysburg National Military Park.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
2019 Asian Table Tennis Championships
The 2019 Asian Table Tennis Championships were held in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 15 to 22 September 2019. Around 128 males and 100 females table tennis players competed in the singles, doubles and team events.

Asian Table Tennis Championships
The Asian Table Tennis Championships is a biennial table tennis tournament that the International Table Tennis Federation regards as a continental championship. From 1952 to 1972, the tournament was organized by the Table Tennis Federation of Asia. The Asian Table Tennis Union started its own Asian Championships due to a split between national table tennis associations in Asia.
Sughdiyona
Sughdiyona (Tajik: Суғдиёна) also Sogdiana (Russian: Согдиана) — formerly Karmysh or Qarmishi tojik — is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Nofaroj in the city of Istaravshan.

Istaravshan
Istaravshan (Tajik: Истаравшан; Russian: Истаравшан) is a city in Sughd Province in Tajikistan. In 2000, the Tajik government changed the name of the city from Uroteppa (Tajik: Ӯротеппа; Ura-Tyube, Russian: Ура-Тюбе).

The city lies in the northern foothills of the Turkistan mountain range, 78 kilometers southwest of Khujand, on the main road connecting Tajikistan's two largest cities, Khujand and Dushanbe. Bordered by Uzbekistan in the north and west, and Kyrgyzstan in the east, Istaravshan's administrative area encompasses 1,830 square kilometers and a population of 273,500 people. Most of them (76%) live in the outlying countryside.

Istaravshan is one of central Asia's oldest towns of commerce and crafts. The city celebrated its 2,500th birthday in the year 2002. It was one of three proposed locations for ancient Cyropolis, which was built on the north-eastern outskirts of the Achaemenid Empire by the king Cyrus in the 6th century B.C.
Signal regeneration
In telecommunications, signal regeneration is signal processing that restores a signal, recovering its original characteristics.

The signal may be electrical, as in a repeater on a T-carrier line, or optical, as in an OEO optical cross-connect.

The process is used when it is necessary to change the signal type in order to transmit it via different media. Once it comes back to the original medium the signal is usually required to be regenerated so as to bring it back to its original state.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Meterana pascoei
Meterana pascoei is a moth in the family Noctuidae, endemic to New Zealand. The name and description were published as Morrisonia pascoei by William George Howes in 1912. It is about 38 mm long, with reddish-brown forewings marked with faint lines and a pair of kidney-shaped marks, and a reddish-brown abdomen with a pronounced tuft at the end. Howes named the species in honour of Merlin O. Pasco of Queenstown, who had sent him 20 specimens caught at a treacle-baited moth trap – Howes had previously collected just two specimens, in 1910.

Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
Landcare Research (Māori: Manaaki Whenua) was a New Zealand Crown Research Institute whose focus of research was the environment, biodiversity, and sustainability. The New Zealand government placed the institute into the newly-formed New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science on 1 July 2025.
Deadwood Draw
Deadwood Draw is part of the Sidney-Black Hills Trail near Sidney, Nebraska, which provided supplies for gold mining operations in the Black Hills from 1874 to 1881. The draw served as a staging area for freight wagons carrying supplies to the Black Hills and contains ruts caused by the wheels of the freight wagons and the animals that pulled them. The draw is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Sidney-Black Hills Trail
The Sidney Black Hills Stage Road or Route was a trail connecting Sidney, Nebraska, Sidney Barracks, and the Union Pacific Railroad with Fort Robinson, Red Cloud Agency, Spotted Tail Agency, Custer City, Dakota Territory, and Deadwood, Dakota Territory between 1876 and 1887, when it was replaced.

It competed with the Cheyenne Black Hills Stage Route to supply the gold mining fields of the Black Hills prior to the construction of the Cowboy Line railroad in Northern Nebraska in 1887, which linked the Black Hills by rail to the rest of the world.

The trail went north from Sidney past Courthouse and Jail Rocks to present-day Bridgeport, Nebraska where it crossed the North Platte River via the Clarke Bridge to present-day Northport, Nebraska, Red Willow, Running Water (on the Niobrara River), Red Cloud Agency, and eventually on two separate branches; one to Deadwood and one via Four Mile to Custer City.
Expeditie Robinson: All Stars
Expeditie Robinson: All Stars is the twenty-third season of the Dutch reality television series Expeditie Robinson. The season was filmed in Zanzibar, Tanzania and consists of 16 former contestants who've reached the semi-finals of their respective seasons return to compete for another shot of winning the title of Robinson and a prize of €25,000. The season was initially supposed to premiere on 10 March 2022 on Videoland but due to the controversies surrounding The Voice of Holland, the premiere date was pushed up and premiered on 24 February 2022 and now aired on RTL 4. Videoland however, will still air new episodes a week ahead of when it is broadcast on RTL 4.

RTL 4
RTL 4 (Radio Télévision Luxembourg 4) is a Dutch free TV channel; it is the most-watched commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL 4 is a general entertainment channel with infotainment, television drama, talk shows, game shows, news and talent shows. It is owned by RTL Nederland, a subsidiary of DPG Media. The station has three sister TV channels: RTL 5, RTL 7 and RTL 8, and four thematic TV channels: RTL Z, RTL Lounge, RTL Crime and RTL Telekids.

Officially RTL 4 - along with RTL 5, RTL 7 and RTL 8 - is headquartered in Hilversum, broadcasting under a Luxembourg TV license. This allows them to avoid more strict control by the Dutch media authorities as Luxembourg's television watchdog is less strict. Despite being intended for Dutch audiences, RTL 4 is encrypted on the Dutch DVB-T Digitenne platform but free-to-air in Luxembourg.
Chronology of Western colonialism
This is a non-exhaustive chronology of colonialism-related events, which may reflect political events, cultural events, and important global events that have influenced colonization and decolonization.

First Moroccan Crisis
The First Moroccan Crisis or the Tangier Crisis was an international crisis between March 31, 1905, and April 7, 1906, over the status of Morocco. Germany wanted to challenge France's growing control over Morocco, aggravating France and Great Britain. The crisis was resolved by the Algeciras Conference of 1906, a conference of mostly European countries that affirmed French control; this worsened German relations with both France and Britain and helped enhance the new Anglo-French Entente.
Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs
The Shrine of the Canadian Martyrs (French: Sanctuaire des martyrs canadiens), commonly known as the Martyrs' Shrine, is a Roman Catholic and historic place of worship located near Georgian Bay on Ontario Highway 12 in Midland, Ontario, Canada. The Martyrs' Shrine is consecrated to the memory of the Canadian Martyrs, six Jesuit Martyrs and two lay persons from the mission of Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, who were tortured and killed on various dates in the mid-17th century and subsequently canonized by the Catholic Church. It is one of six national shrines in Canada, including, among others, Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré.

The Shrine's church is the Church of St. Joseph, constructed in 1925 in a fusion of European and Indigenous styles.

Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré (French: Basilique Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré) is a basilica set along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Quebec City, and one of the six national shrines of Canada. It has been credited by the Catholic Church with many miracles of curing the sick and disabled. It is an important Catholic sanctuary, which receives about a half-million pilgrims each year. Since 1933 they have included members of the Anna Fusco Pilgrimage from Connecticut. The peak period of pilgrimage is around July 26, the feast of Saint Anne, the patron saint of sailors.
Bernard II, Count of Laon
Bernard II, Count of Laon (c. 845 – before 893) was a Frankish noble and a member of the Herbertien dynasty, a branch of the Carolingian dynasty. He was a descendant of Pepin of Italy and Charlemagne.

He was the first son of Pepin, first count of Vermandois, lord of Senlis, Péronne, and Saint Quentin. In 877/878 he was appointed Count of Laon by Charles the Bald. sometime he went to Parma in Italy.

Bernard II's wife is unknown.

Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (French: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was a king of West Francia (843–77), king of Italy (875–77) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–77). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.
Department of Mathematics (University of Toronto)
The Department of Mathematics at the University of Toronto is an academic department within the Faculty of Arts and Science, based on the St. George campus. It is located at the Bahen Centre for Information Technology.

The University of Toronto was ranked first in Canada for Mathematics in 2018 by the QS World University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and Maclean's University Rankings.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Ujuxte
The site of Ujuxte after the Ramón or Breadnut tree (Brosimum alicastrum)) is the largest Preclassic Maya site to be discovered on the Guatemalan Pacific coast. It is in the Retalhuleu Department, in western Guatemala.

Retalhuleu Department
Retalhuleu (Spanish pronunciation: [re.ta.luˈlew], Retalhuléu) is a department located in the south-west of Guatemala, extending from the mountains to the Pacific Ocean coast.  It has an area of 1856 km2.  In 2018, the population of the Department of Retalhuleu was 326,828. Its capital, Retalhuleu City, mixes ancient and modern architecture, and it is also known for being a commercial city.

The largest Native American group in the state is the K'iche' (Quiché) Maya people.  The department contains a number of Pre-Columbian ruins, including Takalik Abaj, and it also contains numerous amusement parks, the most important and known are Xetulul and Xocomil.
1958 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The 1958 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Congressman Keith Thomson ran for re-election. He was opposed by Natrona County Attorney Ray Whitaker, the Democratic nominee. As the national mood favored Democrats, Thomson's margin of victory narrowed considerably from 1956, but he still won by a solid margin, receiving 54 percent of the vote to Whitaker's 46 percent.

1956 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The 1956 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican Congressman Keith Thomson ran for re-election to a second term. He won the Republican primary unopposed and faced Democratic nominee Jerry A. O'Callaghan, a history instructor at the University of Wyoming and former journalist, in the general election. Thomson defeated O'Callaghan with 58 percent of the vote, slightly underperforming President Dwight D. Eisenhower's landslide victory in the state.
Styggevatnet
Styggevatnet is a glacial lake from the glacier Jostedalsbreen in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The lake is regulated by a dam and it empties into the river Jostedøla. The lake originally was located immediately to the southeast of the lake Austdalsvatnet, but after the construction of the dam, the two lakes have grown together as the water level rose. The lake is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the east of Lodalskåpa and Brenibba in Jostedalsbreen National Park.

Styggevatnet lies about 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the Breheimsenteret information center, where one can learn about the glacier Nigardsbreen. In the lake, it is possible to kayak with a guide between the ice rocks to a nearby glacier.

Jostedal Glacier
Jostedal Glacier or Jostedalsbreen (Norwegian) is the largest glacier in continental Europe. It is in Vestland county in Western Norway. Jostedalsbreen is located in the municipalities of Luster, Sogndal, Sunnfjord, and Stryn (all in Vestland county), plus the northeastern tip of the glacier extends into Skjåk Municipality (in Innlandet county). The highest peak in the area is Lodalskåpa at a height of 2,083 metres (6,834 ft).
2009 FIA WTCC Race of Morocco
The 2009 FIA WTCC Race of Morocco (formally the 2009 FIA WTCC HSBC Race of Morocco) was the third round of the 2009 World Touring Car Championship season. It was held on 3 May 2009 at the Marrakech Street Circuit in Marrakesh, Morocco. It was the inaugural running of the FIA WTCC Race of Morocco.

The two races were won by Chevrolet's Robert Huff and Nicola Larini, the former taking the first win for the Chevrolet Cruze in the World Touring Car Championship.

FIA WTCR Race of Morocco
The FIA WTCR Race of Morocco (سباق المغرب) is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, held on the temporary Marrakech Street Circuit in the city of Marrakesh in Morocco.

The race was first run in May 2009 on a purpose-built track. It was the first international car race in Morocco since the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix at the Ain-Diab Circuit in Casablanca. It is also the only WTCC race to ever take place in Africa. The race was scheduled to be the season opener for the 2014 season for the first time, taking the place of the FIA WTCC Race of Italy.

Moroccan driver Mehdi Bennani has taken the independents' victory twice when he finished ninth in both race one in 2009 and race two in 2012.
Eric Wild
Christianity portal

Eric Wild (6 November 1914 – 10 August 1991) was Bishop of Reading from 1972 to 1982.

Educated at Manchester Grammar School and Keble College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1938. His first post was as a Curate at St Anne, Stanley, Liverpool. After World War II service with the RNVR his subsequent experience included incumbencies in Wigan and Hindley, Greater Manchester followed by posts as Director of Religious Education for the Diocese of Peterborough and (his final post before appointment to the episcopate) Archdeacon of Berkshire.

Bishop of Reading
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Reading is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford, which is within the Province of Canterbury, England. On 27 November 2024, it was announced that the next Bishop of Reading would be Mary Gregory, succeeding Olivia Graham. Gregory was consecrated as Bishop of Reading on 27 February 2025.

The title takes its name after the town of Reading in Berkshire. The bishops suffragan of Reading have been area bishops since the Oxford area scheme was founded in 1984. The Bishop of Reading is responsible for the archdeaconry of Berkshire.
Frances Ashcroft
Dame Frances Mary Ashcroft (born 1952) is a British ion channel physiologist. She is Royal Society GlaxoSmithKline Research Professor at the University Laboratory of Physiology at the University of Oxford. She is a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and is a director of the Oxford Centre for Gene Function. Her research group has an international reputation for work on insulin secretion, type II diabetes and neonatal diabetes. Her work with Andrew Hattersley has helped enable children born with diabetes to switch from insulin injections to tablet therapy.

Andrew Hattersley
Andrew Tym Hattersley CBE FRS (born 1958, London) is a Professor of Molecular Medicine at the University of Exeter and is known for his research in monogenic diabetes. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2010. He is also an Emeritus Senior Investigator at the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).
Kei Lun stop
Kei Lun (Chinese: 麒麟) is an at-grade MTR Light Rail stop located at Tsing Lun Road in Tuen Mun District, near Kei Lun Wai. It opened on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 3.

The stop is served by routes 505 and 615P. Unusually among Light Rail stops, northbound route 505 trains to Siu Hong stop here, but southbound trains to Sam Shing do not.

Light Rail (MTR)
The Light Rail, also known as the Light Rail Transit (LRT) (and formerly known as KCR Light Rail until 2 December 2007), officially the North-West Railway, is a light rail system in Hong Kong, serving the northwestern New Territories, within Tuen Mun District and Yuen Long District. The system operates over 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track, using 750 V DC overhead power supply. It was once one of four systems comprising the KCR network in Hong Kong, before the MTR–KCR merger in 2007. It has a daily ridership of about 483,000 people. The network is coloured goldenrod on the MTR map.
1996 California League season
The 1996 California League was a Class A-Advanced baseball season played between April 4 and September 1. Ten teams played a 140-game schedule, as three teams from each division qualified for the post-season, the winner of each half of the season plus playoff qualifiers.

The Lake Elsinore Storm won the California League championship, as they defeated the San Jose Giants in the final round of the playoffs.

Lake Elsinore Storm
The Lake Elsinore Storm are a Minor League Baseball team based in Lake Elsinore, California. The Storm compete in the California League as the Single-A affiliate of the San Diego Padres. The team plays its home games at Lake Elsinore Diamond, which opened in 1994; the park seats 7,866 occupants.
Buckerell
Buckerell is a small village and civil parish in the East Devon district of Devon, England. The village is about 2.5 miles west of the nearest town, Honiton. In the 2001 census a population of 270 was recorded for the parish, which is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Awliscombe, Honiton, Gittisham, Feniton and Payhembury.

Honiton
Honiton (/ˈhɒnitən/) is a market town and civil parish in East Devon, situated close to the River Otter, 17 miles (27 km) north east of Exeter in the county of Devon. Honiton has a population estimated at 12,154 (based on 2021 census).