hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2004 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team
The 2004 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team represented Appalachian State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCON) in the 2004 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by 16th-year head coach Jerry Moore, the Mountaineers compiled an overall record of 6–5 with a mark of 4–3 in conference play, placing second in the SoCon. The low point of the season was a 30–27 loss to rival Western Carolina in the Battle for the Old Mountain Jug. Home games were played at Kidd Brewer Stadium in Boone, North Carolina.

2004 Western Carolina Catamounts football team
The 2004 Western Carolina Catamounts team represented Western Carolina University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) in the 2004 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Catamounts were led by third-year head coach Kent Briggs and played their home games at Bob Waters Field at E. J. Whitmire Stadium. They finished the season 4–7 and 2–5 in SoCon play.
Eugenius Warming
Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming (3 November 1841 – 2 April 1924), known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a pioneering figure in the development of ecology. In 1895 Warming published Plantesamfund, often regarded as the first textbook (1895) on plant ecology, and he taught an early university course in ecology. The ecologist Robert J. Goodland wrote in 1975: "If one individual can be singled out to be honoured as the founder of ecology, Warming should gain precedence."

Warming wrote a number of textbooks on botany, plant geography and ecology, which were widely read and translated into several languages. Notable works include Plantesamfund and Haandbog i den systematiske Botanik.

Darwinism
Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and his contemporaries. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

Darwinism stricto sensu lacks a clear theory of inheritance, in contrast with later neo-Darwinian theories such as the modern synthesis (which integrates mendelian inheritance).
Snow Trac
The Snow Trac is a small personal Snowcat that is roughly the size of a modern compact car. Aktiv Snow Trac were manufactured in Sweden between 1957 and 1981, with additional vehicles manufactured in Scotland.

Matchbox (brand)
Matchbox is a toy brand introduced by Lesney Products in 1953, and is now owned by Mattel, Inc, which purchased the brand in 1997. The brand was given its name because the original die-cast "Matchbox" toys were sold in boxes similar to those in which matches were sold. The brand grew to encompass a broad range of toys, including larger scale die-cast models, plastic model kits, slot car racing toys, and action figures.

During the 1980s, Matchbox began using plastic and cardboard "blister packs" that were used by other die-cast toy brands such as Hot Wheels. By the 2000s, the box style packaging was re-introduced for the collectors' market, such as the 35th Anniversary of Superfast series in 2004, and the 50th Anniversary of Superfast in 2019.

Products currently marketed under the Matchbox name include scale model plastic and die-cast vehicles and toy garages.
Panajot Pano
Panajot Thoma Pano (Greek: Παναγιώτης Θωμάς Πάνου, romanized: Panayiotis Thomas Panou; 7 March 1939 – 19 January 2010) was an Albanian football player. He started his career as a goalkeeper in the 17 Nëntori Tirana youth academy, but later became the most prolific centre-forward of their arch-rivals, Partizani Tirana. During his eighteen-year career he played 24 matches as part of the Albania national team and was awarded the Albanian UEFA Jubilee Award.

Due to his skills and abilities, Pano earned the nickname "The little Puskás" by sports commentators.

Albanian Cup
The Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) is the main "knockout" competition in Albanian football. The competition started in 1939 as Kupa e Mbretit (English:"The King's Cup"). The cup was suspended for the next eight years as the Second World War started. It started again in 1948 as "Kupa e Republikës" (English: "Republic Cup") and from 1991 as "Kupa e Shqipërisë" (Albanian Cup). Today it is the second most important competition in Albania after the Kategoria Superiore.

The winners of the Cup automatically earn the right to participate in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Conference League.
Hepatus
Hepatus is a genus of crabs in the family Aethridae, containing seven extant species, plus some fossil species:

Hepatus chiliensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1837

Hepatus epheliticus (Linnaeus, 1763)

Hepatus gronovii Holthuis, 1959

Hepatus kossmanni Neumann, 1878

Hepatus lineatus Rathbun, 1898

Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785)

Hepatus scaber Holthuis, 1959

Both H. chiliensis and H. lineatus are also known as fossils. The other fossil species include:

Hepatus bottomsi Blow, 2003

Hepatus lineatus Rathbun, 1898

Hepatus nodosus Collins & Morris, 1976

Hepatus praecox Collins et al., 1996

Hepatus spinimarginatus Feldmann et al., 2005

Hepatus pudibundus
Hepatus pudibundus, the flecked box crab, is a crab from the class Malacostraca. They are found in the Atlantic Ocean with Brazil having a dense population of H. pudibundus, as they are one of the most commonly seen crabs in the country. Many of the studies done on H. pudibubus have occurred in the Ubatuba region of Brazil, where there is a rapid expansion of tourism that is affecting marine ecosystems.
Gadka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gadka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡatka]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirzec, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Mirzec, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Starachowice, and 40 km (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Mirzec
Mirzec [ˈmiʐɛt͡s] is a village in Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mirzec. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Starachowice and 42 km (26 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Dinamo Volgograd
Dinamo Volgograd (Russian: Динамо Волгоград) is a Russian women's handball club from Volgograd. Founded in 1972 as Burevestnik Volgograd, it represented Rotor Volgograd following the collapse of the Soviet Union and was subsequently named Aqva before taking its current name in 2003.

Dynamo is the most successful team in the Russian Super League with nine titles, and in the 2001-02 season it set a record winning all the matches. It in international competitions won three titles: the 1995 Challenge Cup and Champions Trophy and the 2008 EHF Cup. In 2000 it became the first Russian team to reach the Champions League's semifinals since the USSR's break-up.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Handball Federation banned Russian athletes, and the European Handball Federation suspended the  Russian clubs from competing in European handball competitions.

FC Rotor Volgograd
SC Rotor Volgograd (Russian: СK Ротор) is a Russian professional football club from the large city of Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast (formerly Stalingrad). The club plays in the second-tier Russian First League, and are the largest and best supported Volgograd club. For most of their existence, they have been the city's only representatives in the national league system.

They played at the top level of Soviet/Russian football either side of World War II, from 1989 to 1990, from 1991 to 2004 and in the 2020–21 season. During the 1990s, they were one of the strongest clubs in newly independent Russia and qualified for European competition four times. In recent years, financial and ownership difficulties have repeatedly threatened their professional status and they have played mostly in lower regional leagues.

The team currently plays its home games at the Volgograd Arena since 2018.
Szebnie concentration camp
49°46′N 21°36′E﻿ / ﻿49.767°N 21.600°E﻿ / 49.767; 21.600

Szebnie was a forced-labor camp established during World War II by Nazi Germany in the General Government in the south-eastern part of occupied Poland. It was located near the town of Szebnie approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Jasło and 42 km (26 mi) south-west of Rzeszów. The facility was constructed in 1940 originally as horse stables for the Wehrmacht, adjacent to a manorial estate where the German officers stationed (photo). Over the course of the camp's operation thousands of people perished there, including Soviet prisoners of war, Polish Jews, Poles, Ukrainians, and Romani people. The Soviets entered the camp's charred remains on 8 September 1944.

Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
Plaszow (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpwaʂof]), officially named Plaszow concentration camp near Krakow (German: Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau), was a German Nazi concentration camp operated by the SS in the area of Podgórze and Wola Duchacka near Płaszów, a southern suburb of Kraków, in the General Governorate of German-occupied Poland. Most of the prisoners were Polish Jews who were targeted for destruction by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Many prisoners died because of executions, forced labor, and the poor conditions in the camp. The camp was evacuated in January 1945, before the Red Army's liberation of the area on 20 January.
1998 Australian Open – Men's singles
Petr Korda defeated Marcelo Ríos in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Australian Open. It was his first and only major title, becoming the first Czech player to win a major singles title (following the Czech Republic's independence from Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992). It was Ríos' only major final; he remains the only man to have held the world No. 1 singles ranking without ever winning a major singles title. Ríos was the first Chilean player to reach the major singles final since Luis Ayala in 1960, and the first Chilean player in hard court final.

Pete Sampras was the defending champion, but lost to Karol Kučera in the quarterfinals. This meant that no Americans made the semifinals at the event for the first time since 1990.

1998 Australian Open
The 1998 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 86th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 19 January through 1 February 1998.
St Michael and All Angels' Church, Howe Bridge
St Michael and All Angels' Church is in Leigh Road, Howe Bridge, a suburb of Atherton, Greater Manchester, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Leigh, the archdeaconry of Salford and the diocese of Manchester. Its benefice is united with those of three local churches, St John the Baptist, St George and St Philip, forming a team ministry entitled the United Benefice of Atherton and Hindsford with Howe Bridge. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Anglican Diocese of Manchester
The Diocese of Manchester is a Church of England diocese in the Province of York, England. Based in the city of Manchester, the diocese covers much of the county of Greater Manchester and small areas of the counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
Monocyte monolayer assay
The monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) is used to determine the clinical significance of alloantibodies produced by blood transfusion recipients. The assay is used to assess the potential for intravascular hemolysis when incompatible cellular blood products are transfused to the anemic patient. When donor cells possess substances that are not produced by the recipient, the recipient's immune system produces antibodies against the substance; these are called alloantibodies. Specific white blood cells, called monocytes, are tasked with ingesting foreign material and become activated during certain inflammatory events. These activated monocytes come in contact with antibody-sensitized red blood cells (RBC) and may or may not exhibit phagocytosis (ingestion) and destroy the donor red blood cells. If monocytes destroy the RBC, the antibody attached to those RBC is considered clinically significant.

Antibody opsonization
Antibody opsonization is a process by which a pathogen is marked for phagocytosis through coating of a target cell with antibodies. Immunoglobulins participate in molecular tagging of pathogens which display antigens recognised by their specific paratope. The binding of antibodies enhances pathogen identification and recruitment of immune effector cells, ultimately accelerating microbial clearance through phagocytic destruction or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Rogožarski SIM-VI
The Rogožarski SIM-VI (Serbian Cyrillic:Рогожарски СИМ-VI) was a single-engined, two-seat, low wing aircraft designed as trainer in Yugoslav before World War II. It was designed and built at the Rogožarski factory in Belgrade.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Cermis
Cermis (Alpe Cermis in italian) is a mountain of the Lagorai group in eastern Trentino, Italy in the comune of Cavalese.

Part of the Val di Fiemme-Obereggen, it is famous for its ski slopes.

It was the scene of major disasters involving the aerial tramway style cable car system on the mountain: the Cavalese cable car disaster in 1976, and the Cavalese cable car massacre in 1998; the latter occurred when a U.S. military plane, while flying too low against regulations, cut a cable supporting a gondola of an aerial tramway, killing 20 people. The two cable car runs of the system involved in those incidents have since been replaced by three consecutive multi-cabin gondola lifts. The arrival site of the first chair lift, from where the second starts, may be also reached by road.

Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.
21st Century Business Herald
The 21st Century Business Herald (also spelled Twenty-first Century Business Herald; abbreviation: 21CBH; Chinese: 21世纪经济报道) is a Chinese business-news daily newspaper published five times a week on weekdays in China.

It was officially launched by Shen Hao on January 1, 2001 as a weekly newspaper, as part of the Nanfang Daily Media Group. In the following years the newspaper has spawned several news media outlets under its umbrella, including Moneyweek, 21st Century Business Review, Global Entrepreneur, and 21cbh.com.

On November 17, 2016, the Southern Finance and Economy Omnimedia Group was established as China's first omnimedia group. 21st Century Business Herald was on that date simultaneously affiliated to the Southern Finance and Economy Omnimedia Group, together with relevant print media outlets, websites, radio and tv outlets, and social media outlets.

Moneyweek (Chinese newspaper)
The Moneyweek (or Money Week; simplified Chinese: 理财周报; traditional Chinese: 理財週報; pinyin: Lǐcái zhōubào), also known as Money Weekly, was a Chinese financial newspaper established on 23 July 2007 and headquartered in Guangzhou. It was a subsidiary weekly focusing on personal financial news, targeted at readers interested in stock markets, economic investment, and other topics.

Moneyweek was affiliated with the Southern Media Group and was an important member of the 21st Century Newspaper System.
Morsam Fashions
Morsam Fashions was a Canadian manufacturer and designer of women's bathrobes, sleepwear, and loungewear based in Montreal. It was established in 1917. It was best known for its Jasmine Rose label of apparel, as well as Morning Glory, Noire, and others, sold in major retailers in North America. U.S. retailers selling the company's terry robes included JCPenney, Sears, Macy's, and Walmart.

In 2022, Morsam Fashions filed a breach-of-contract lawsuit against QVC for allegedly unpaid purchase orders.

QVC
QVC (short for "Quality Value Convenience") is an American free-to-air television network and a flagship shopping channel specializing in televised home shopping, owned by QVC Group (formerly Qurate Retail Group). Founded in 1986 by Joseph Segel in West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States, QVC broadcasts to more than 350 million households in seven countries, including channels in the UK, Germany, Japan, and Italy, along with a joint venture in China with China National Radio called CNR Mall.

In 2024, the total revenue for the year was $10 billion.

As of December 2013, Halo2Cloud holds the network's record for most units sold in a day of 380,000 chargers with total sales reaching $19 million.
2024 Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship
The 2024 Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship was the 10th edition of the championship held from 3 to 14 September 2024 in Amman, Jordan under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. It was the third time in history that the championship was organised by the Jordan Handball Federation. It also acted as the qualification tournament for the 2025 IHF Men's U19 Handball World Championship. Top five teams from the championship directly qualified for the Youth World Championship to be held in Egypt.

The championship was previously scheduled to be held in Shiraz, Iran but was moved to Amman due to the security situation and safety concerns in Iran.

Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship
The Asian Men's Youth Handball Championship is the official competition for youth men's national handball teams of Asia, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the Asian champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Youth World Championship.
Partial defence
In legal systems based on common law, a partial defence is a defence that does not completely absolve the defendant of guilt. A claim of self-defence, for example, may be a complete defence to a charge of murder, leading to an acquittal; or it may be a partial defence, which leads to conviction to a lesser verdict, such as manslaughter.

In England and Wales, successfully pleading a partial defence for murder may reduce the conviction to voluntary manslaughter. There are three types of partial defence - loss of control, diminished responsibility and suicide pact. These defences can only be applied to the charge of murder as per section 54 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. The earlier defence of provocation was abolished by section 56 of the same Act.

Diminished responsibility
In criminal law, diminished responsibility (or diminished capacity) is a potential defense by excuse by which defendants argue that although they broke the law, they should not be held fully criminally liable for doing so, as their mental functions were "diminished" or impaired.
Wychavon
Wychavon (/ˈwɪtʃ.eɪvən/) is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. The largest towns therein are Evesham and Droitwich Spa; the council is based in the town of Pershore. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, and includes part of the Cotswolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The district's name references the Saxon Kingdom of Hwicce and the River Avon. The population in 2024 was 138,017.

The neighbouring districts are Malvern Hills, Worcester, Wyre Forest, Bromsgrove, Redditch, Stratford-on-Avon, Cotswold, and Tewkesbury.

Redditch
Redditch is a town and non-metropolitan district with borough status in Worcestershire, England. In 2021, the town had a population of 81,637 and the district had a population of 87,037. In the 1800s, it became a centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry; by the end of the century,
90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its surrounding areas.

In the 1960s, it became part of the new town planning movement which included it expanding into neighbouring villages and hamlets surrounding the town. It is the second largest settlement in Worcestershire, after Worcester.
Branislav Mojićević
Branislav Mojićević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Мојићевић; born 20 August 1986) is a Serbian singer. He rose to fame in 2004, after winning the first season of Zvezde Granda, which earned him a record deal with Grand Production.

In addition, Mojićević also won the second season of the Serbian version of Your Face Sounds Familiar in 2014.

He married Serbian bellydancer Milica Mićević in 2013.

Grand Production
Grand Production (Serbian: Гранд продукција / Grand produkcija) is a Serbian record label and production company predominantly focused on folk performers. The label produces the weekly television show Grand Parada, launched their own cable television channel, and organize a competitive festival of pop-folk and turbo-folk music, Grand Festival.
Cui Shi
Cui Shi (Chinese: 崔湜; 671–713), courtesy name Chenglan (澄瀾), was a Chinese writer and politician. He served as an official of the Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian's sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong and grandsons Emperor Shang and Emperor Xuanzong. In 713, with Emperor Xuanzong locked in a rivalry with his aunt Princess Taiping, Cui chose to side with Princess Taiping, and after Emperor Xuanzong suppressed Princess Taiping's party, Cui was exiled and ordered to commit suicide in exile.

Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong
Zhang Yizhi (張易之; died 20 February 705), formally the Duke of Heng (恆公), nickname Wulang (五郎) and Zhang Changzong (張昌宗; died 20 February 705), formally the Duke of Ye (鄴公), nickname Liulang (六郎), were two brothers who served as officials of Wu Zetian's Wu Zhou dynasty and became very powerful late in her reign. Both brothers were killed in a coup that overthrew Wu Zetian in 705.
Ranton, Staffordshire
Ranton is a hamlet and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, situated 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Stafford, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east of Woodseaves and 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Gnosall. The population taken at the 2011 census was 382.
As of 2013, both public houses that once operated in Ranton were bought and subsequently removed from operation. Due to this, Ranton is now listed as a hamlet.

Woodseaves
Woodseaves is a village in Staffordshire, England.

It lies in the civil parish of High Offley and is situated on the A519 (Newport-Newcastle-under-Lyme) road and lies at the south-west end of the B5405 road, which leads to Great Bridgeford. Nearby are the villages of Gnosall and Norbury, the hamlets of Knightley and High Offley, and the small town of Eccleshall. The elevation of the village is between 125 metres (410 ft) and 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level. The centre of the village is the top of a small hill, relative to the adjacent countryside, and the roads into and out of the village are almost all sloping away from the village.