hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid
Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid refers to the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1994. South Africa introduced apartheid in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination laws. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism, occupation of Namibia and foreign interventionism in Angola, the country became increasingly isolated internationally.

Boycott
A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organisation, or country as an expression of protest. It is usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict some economic loss on the target, or to indicate a moral outrage, usually to try to compel the target to alter an objectionable behavior.

The word is named after Captain Charles Boycott, agent of an absentee landlord in Ireland, against whom the tactic was successfully employed after a suggestion by Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell and his Irish Land League in 1880.

Sometimes, a boycott can be a form of consumer activism, sometimes called moral purchasing. When a similar practice is legislated by a national government, it is known as a sanction. Frequently, however, the threat of boycotting a business is an empty threat, with no significant effect on sales.
Cathedral of the Angels, Xichang
The Cathedral of the Angels is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Ningyuan, situated on Sanya Street, Xichang (formerly known as Ningyuan), capital of Nosu-inhabited Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southwestern Sichuan. It has been subjected to the control of the state-sanctioned Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association since 1957.

Diocese of Ningyuan
The Diocese of Ningyuan (Latin: Dioecesis Nimiuenensis; Chinese: 天主教甯遠教區), also known as Diocese of Xichang or Sichang, is a Latin Catholic diocese located in the city of Xichang (formerly known as Ningyuan or Kienchang) in the ecclesiastical province of Chongqing in western China. It was established on August 12, 1910 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Kienchang for the Mission of Sichuan (Szechwan) in the province's Nosuland.
Programming language design and implementation
Programming languages are typically created by designing a form of representation of a computer program, and writing an implementation for the developed concept, usually an interpreter or compiler. Interpreters are designed to read programs, usually in some variation of a text format, and perform actions based on what it reads, whereas compilers convert code to a lower level form, such as object code.

PyPy
PyPy (/ˈpaɪpaɪ/) is an implementation of the Python programming language. PyPy frequently runs much faster than the standard implementation CPython because PyPy uses a just-in-time compiler. Most Python code runs well on PyPy except for code that depends on CPython extensions, which either does not work or incurs some overhead when run in PyPy.

PyPy itself is built using a technique known as meta-tracing, which is a mostly automatic transformation that takes an interpreter as input and produces a tracing just-in-time compiler as output. Since interpreters are usually easier to write than compilers, but run slower, this technique can make it easier to produce efficient implementations of programming languages. PyPy's meta-tracing toolchain is called RPython.

PyPy officially supports Python 2.7 and 3.11 and has a few differences in implementations compared to CPython.
Pit manager
A pit boss (more commonly known today as the pit manager) is the person who directs the employees who work in a casino pit. The job of the pit boss is to manage the floormen, who are the supervisors for table games dealers in a casino. One pit boss monitors all floormen, dealers, and players in the pit; there is usually one floorman for every six tables. The floormen correct minor mistakes, but if a severe gaming discrepancy arises (such as duplicate cards being found in a deck), it is the job of the pit boss to sort it out.

Casino game
A casino game is one in which players gamble cash or chips on various possible random outcomes or combinations of outcomes, often in a casino environment. Such games are also available in online casinos, where permitted by law. Casino games can also be played outside of casinos for entertainment purposes, like in parties or in school competitions, on machines that simulate gambling.
Target (rapper)
Nenad Šimun, also known by his stage names Target or Mladi Gospar, is a Croatian rapper.

He began his career in 1994. He was first in a group called "Young Lordz" but they disbanded in 1996 and soon he and General Woo formed a duo called Tram 11. As part of Tram 11 he became one of the best Croatian rappers up until 2003 when he went solo. He is best known for his songs "Mokri snovi", "Ritam Grada", "Furam obleku" and "Stavi ovo na roštilj". He is the head of his own label WorkshopClass.

General Woo
Srđan Ćuk (born November 17, 1977) known better by his stage name, General Woo, is a Croatian rapper.

He began his career in 1994. He is currently signed to Aquarius Records. In 1999 he was part of one of the first successful rap acts in Croatia, Tram 11.

General Woo was born in and lives in Vukovar, where he also started organizing an open-air hip-hop festival in 2007.
He hosts a Hip-Hop radio station called Blackout Radio Vukovar in his home town of Vukovar. In 2011 he released his fourth studio album Verbalni Delikt on MTV's web site on free download. In 2014 his fifth studio album called Pad Sistem (Fall of the System) came out.
2008 ITF Men's Circuit
The 2008 ITF Men's Circuit was the 2008 edition of the third-tier tour for men's professional tennis. It was organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the ATP Challenger Tour. The ITF Men's Circuit consisted of 534 'Futures' tournaments played year round across six continents, with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $15,000.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
1990 European Weightlifting Championships
The 1990 European Weightlifting Championships were held in Ålborg, Denmark from May 14 to May 20, 1990. It was the 69th edition of the event. There were a total number of 126 athletes competing, from 23 nations. The women competition were held in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. It was the 3rd event for the women.

European Weightlifting Championships
European Weightlifting Championships is an annual event organised by the European Weightlifting Federation (EWF). It has been held since 1896. A separate event for women was held from 1988 to 1997, after which both championships have been held as one event.
Frog Island, London
Frog Island is a peninsula on the north bank of the River Thames in Rainham, London at grid reference TQ515805. It is used for vehicle storage in Ferry Lane Industrial Estate and for the mechanical biological treatment works building of the East London Waste Authority.

River Ingrebourne
The River Ingrebourne /ˈɪŋɡərˌbɔːrn/ is a tributary of the River Thames 27 miles (43.3 km) in length. It is considered a strategic waterway in London, forming part of the Blue Ribbon Network. It flows through the London Borough of Havering roughly from north to south, joining the Thames at Rainham.
Operation Old Bridge
Operation Old Bridge is the code name for the February 7, 2008 arrests in Italy and the United States that targeted the Gambino crime family; among the indicted were the reputed acting bosses Jackie D'Amico, Nicholas Corozzo and Joseph Corozzo. The indictments included murder, drug trafficking, robbery, and extortion.

Salvatore Inzerillo
Salvatore Inzerillo (Italian pronunciation: [salvaˈtoːre indzeˈrillo];  20 August 1944 – 11 May 1981) was an Italian member of the Sicilian Mafia, also known as Totuccio (a diminutive for Salvatore). He rose to be a powerful boss of Palermo's Passo di Rigano family. A prolific heroin trafficker, he was killed in May 1981 during the Second Mafia War by a firing squad of the Corleonesi family led by Totò Riina, who opposed the established Palermo Mafia families of which Inzerillo was one of the main proponents.
Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's K-2 1000 metres
The men's K-2 1000 metres sprint canoeing event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 4 and 5 August 2021 at the Sea Forest Waterway. At least 20 canoeists (10 boats of 2) from at least 10 nations competed.

2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, the 45th edition of the World Championships, were held in Szeged, Hungary from 21 to 25 August 2019.

The championships served as the primary qualification regatta for the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo.
Gümüşhane Province
Gümüşhane Province (Turkish: Gümüşhane ili Romeika: Αργυρούπολη) is a province in northern Turkey, bordering Bayburt to the east, Trabzon to the north, Giresun and Erzincan to the west. Its area is 6,668 km2, and its population is 144,544 (2022). The population was 186,953 in 2000. Gümüşhane is the capital city of the province. The name Gümüşhane means silver house. The city has a rich mining (silver and bronze) history and was the source of exports for Trabzon. The current Governor is Alper Tanrısever, appointed in August 2023.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Platycladus
Platycladus is a monotypic genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Platycladus orientalis, also known as Chinese thuja, Oriental arborvitae, Chinese arborvitae, biota or Oriental thuja. It is native to northeastern parts of East Asia and North Asia, but is also now naturalised as an introduced species in other regions of the Asian continent.

Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae or the cypress family is a family of conifers. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to 116 m (381 ft) tall. The bark of mature trees is commonly orange- to red-brown and of stringy texture, often flaking or peeling in vertical strips, but smooth, scaly or hard and square-cracked in some species. The family reached its peak of diversity during the Mesozoic era.
Jeroen Zoet
Jeroen Zoet (Dutch pronunciation: [jəˈrun ˈzut]; born 6 January 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Eredivisie club AZ Alkmaar.

Having started his career at PSV Eindhoven, Zoet previously played two seasons on loan for RKC Waalwijk before returning to PSV Eindhoven to establish himself as the first choice goalkeeper. He has been highly regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in the Eredivisie. In November 2012, he was called up for the first time for the Netherlands national squad, but he did not make his first appearance until October 2015, when he was subbed on for an injured Tim Krul.

2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, or simply the 2013 Euro Under-21, was the 19th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Israel from 5–18 June 2013.

The Israeli bid was chosen by UEFA's Executive Committee on 27 January 2011 in Nyon, Switzerland. This bid defeated the other bids from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, England and Wales.

Spain defended the title they won two years prior, winning their fourth championship after defeating Italy 4–2 in the final.
Ransbach-Baumbach
Ransbach-Baumbach (German pronunciation: [ˈʁansbax ˈbaʊmbax]) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Ransbach-Baumbach is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Ransbach-Baumbach, a kind of collective municipality.

Westerwaldkreis
The Westerwaldkreis ("District of Westerwald") is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Altenkirchen, Lahn-Dill, Limburg-Weilburg, Rhein-Lahn, the district-free city Koblenz, Mayen-Koblenz and Neuwied.
Blue's Birthday Adventure
Blue's Birthday Adventure is an educational video game for children from the ages of 3–6 years of age. The game is based on the pre-school television program Blue's Clues, specifically the episode "Blue's Birthday". It was developed and published by Humongous Entertainment. The game is about how Steve tries to find three clues to figure out what Blue wants to have for her birthday.

Humongous Entertainment
Humongous, Inc. (formerly Humongous Entertainment, Inc.) was an American video game developer based in Bothell, Washington. Founded in 1992, the company developed multiple edutainment franchises, most prominently Putt-Putt, Freddi Fish, Pajama Sam, Spy Fox, and Backyard Sports, which, combined, sold over 15 million copies and earned more than 400 awards of excellence.

Humongous Entertainment was acquired by GT Interactive (later renamed Infogrames, Inc., then Atari, Inc.) in July 1996. By October 2000, sales of Humongous games had surpassed 16 million copies. GT, which had by that point became Atari, Inc. sold the Humongous business to its parent company, Infogrames (later renamed Atari SA), in August 2005 and reduced the company solely as a management firm for their assets until its bankruptcy in 2013, in which the assets were sold to Tommo, who re-released some of its games on digital distribution channels using the Humongous Entertainment brand name.
Pontoise–Cormeilles Aerodrome
Pontoise Aerodrome or Pontoise–Cormeilles Aerodrome (French: Aérodrome de Pontoise–Cormeilles) (IATA: POX, ICAO: LFPT) is an airport located 7 km (3.8 NM) northwest of Pontoise in Boissy l'Aillerie near Cormeilles-en-Vexin, all communes of the Val-d'Oise department in the Île-de-France region in northern France. The airport is also located 26 km (16 mi) northwest of Paris.

It supports mostly general aviation.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Walewale Senior High Technical School
Walewale Senior High Technical School (WALSECTECH) is a second-cycle mixed gender institution located in Walewale, West Mamprusi District, Northeast Region of Ghana along the walewale Wungu road. Walewale Senior High School belongs to category C. The current headmaster of the school is Sebiyam Ibrahim.

Walewale
Walewale is a town and the capital of Mamprusi West Municipal in the North East Region of Ghana. The West Mamprusi Municipal is one of the 261 Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana, and forms part of the 6 MMDAs in the North East Region. The West Mamprusi Municipality is one of 45 new districts created in 1988 under the Government of Ghana's decentralization and was later replaced with LI 2061 in 2012. With its administrative capital as Walewale.
Rarities & Remixes
Rarities & Remixes is the sixth album by contemporary Christian music group Point of Grace. It was released in 2000 by Word Records.

The album consists of eight remixes of songs from the group's first two albums, Point of Grace and The Whole Truth; "Forever On and On," taken from a compilation album, Streams; an acoustic performance of "Circle of Friends" from the group's third album, Life, Love & Other Mysteries; and five live performances predating the group's signing to Word Records.

Life, Love & Other Mysteries
Life, Love & Other Mysteries (stylized as life love & other mysteries) is the third album by contemporary Christian music group Point of Grace. It was released in 1996 by Word and Epic Records.

Two tie-ins to the album were released: a video, subtitled The Video Story, and an autobiography by the group, written with Davin Seay.
Piper's Ash
Piper's Ash is a small hamlet between the areas of Vicars Cross, Christleton, and Guilden Sutton, situated in west Cheshire. Piper's Ash is classed as semi-rural because it is situated approximately 200 yards from the A51 on one side and countryside on the other. Village amenities include (or included) a corner shop, a chapel, (both now converted into houses) and a small village green with a phone and postbox.

The Longster Trail waymarked and maintained by the Mid-Cheshire Footpath Society is a 15 km (9.3 mi) route from Helsby to Piper's Ash.

Christleton
Christleton is a village and civil parish on the outskirts of Chester, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The Shropshire Union Canal (originally Chester Canal) passes through the village.

The 2001 census recorded a population for the entire civil parish of 2,112, reducing to 2,053 in the 2011 census.

Christleton was named "one of the best places to live" in Cheshire and the North West by The Sunday Times in 2022 and again in 2024.
Globe of Matelica
The Globe of Matelica (Globo of Matelica) is an Ancient Greek sundial sculpted on a marble ball. The artifact was found during the 1985 reconstruction of the medieval Palazzo Pretorio, presently Museo Civico Archeologico, of Matelica in the Marches, region of Italy.

Matelica
Matelica is a  comune (municipality) of the Province of Macerata in the Italian region of Marche. Located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Ancona and 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Macerata, it extends over an area of 81.04 square kilometres (31.29 sq mi).
Gyan Bahadur Yakthumba
Gyan Bahadur Yakthumba Limbu (16 March 1920 – 1 March 1970) was a Nepali police officer and diplomat. He joined the Nepali Police with the rank of Major and was promoted to the rank of Inspector General of Nepal Police, after succeeding Nara Shumsher J.B.R. as the police chief.  He served as the Inspector General of the Nepalese Police force from December 1953 to August 1956. He was the third chief of Nepal Police, and after retirement served as an envoy to Burma.

The present Gyanodaya Bal Batika School in Kathmandu, Nepal, was built in 1975 in memory of him by his wife Indira Yakthumba.

Inspector general of police (Nepal)
The Inspector general of police (IGP) is the senior-most and highest ranked police officer of Nepal and the head of the Nepalese Police Force, who oversees all police activities throughout the country and reports directly to the Ministry of Home Affairs and is appointed by the government of Nepal for a tenure of four years, although two IGPs have served for six years.
Thomas John Claggett
Thomas John Claggett (October 2, 1743 – August 2, 1816) was the first bishop of the newly formed American Episcopal Church to be consecrated on American soil and the first bishop of the recently established (1780) Diocese of Maryland.

St. Barnabas' Episcopal Church (Leeland, Maryland)
St. Barnabas Church, also known as St. Barnabas' Episcopal Church, Leeland, was built in Leeland, Maryland, and was established in 1704 as the parish church of Queen Anne Parish which had been established that same year. Because of its location in one of the richest tobacco-producing regions in Colonial Maryland, the small church has been a cultural hub for southern Maryland from early colonial times, through the American Revolution, Civil War, and Reconstruction. The church holds some highly significant art and was the scene of a fiery anti-revolutionary showdown that was close to erupting in violence.

The church is located in the Brock Hall census-designated place in unincorporated Prince George's County, Maryland, and it has an Upper Marlboro postal address. Prior to the 2010 U.S. census the U.S. Census Bureau defined it as being in Greater Upper Marlboro.
Mount Khelia
Mount Khülio-King (/kʰə.³³lɪɒ³¹.kɪŋ³³/ ⓘ) , alternatively called Khelia King, is the second highest peak in the Indian state of Nagaland. It is one of the highest in Khiamniungan region and lies along the India–Myanmar border in Patkai Range. The peak connects Mount Saramati in the east of Patsho village and south of Noklak. The area is generally isolated and difficult to access for humans, allowing the natural landscapes and local biodiversity to remain relatively untouched by human intervention.

Mount Saramati
Saramati (Burmese: စာရာမေတိတောင်; IPA: [ˌsæɹəˈmɑːti]) is a peak rising above the surrounding peaks at the mountainous border of the Indian state of Nagaland and the Naga Self-Administered Zone of the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. It is located near the village of Thanamir in the Kiphire District of Nagaland.
Liberty Schoolhouse
The Liberty Schoolhouse, also known as the Mt. Grove School, is a historic schoolhouse in a remote part of Ozark-St. Francis National Forest in Logan County, Arkansas.  It is east of Corley, Arkansas, near the junction of Valentine Spring and Copper Spring Roads.  It is a single-story vernacular wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, weatherboard siding, and a foundation of concrete block piers.  It was built in 1897, and was used by the community as both a school and church.  It served as a school until 1944, and also hosted civic meetings and social events.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

It is a one-room schoolhouse.

Ozark–St. Francis National Forest
The Ozark – St. Francis National Forest is a United States National Forest that is located in the state of Arkansas. It is composed of two separate forests, Ozark National Forest in the Ozark Mountains; and St. Francis National Forest on Crowley's Ridge. Each forest has distinct biological, topographical, and geological differences.
2015 Heartland Championship
The 2015 Heartland Championship, the tenth edition of the Heartland Championship since the 2006 reconstruction of the National Provincial Championship, was a rugby union competition involving the twelve semi-professional rugby unions in New Zealand. The tournament involved a round-robin stage in which the twelve teams played eight games each and then the top four advanced to the Meads Cup semifinals, while fifth to eighth advanced to the Lochore Cup semifinals. In both of these knockout stages the top seeds (first and fifth) played at home against the lowest seeds (fourth and eighth), the second highest seeds (second and sixth) played at home against the third highest seeds (third and seventh) and the final had the higher seed playing at home against the lower seed.

Meads Cup
The Meads Cup is a rugby union trophy named after King Country and All Blacks player Colin Meads. It is contested during the Heartland Championship. It was first awarded in 2006, when the Heartland Championship format was introduced.