hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transpiration cooling
Transpiration cooling is a thermodynamic process where cooling is achieved by a process of moving a liquid or a gas through the wall of a structure to absorb some portion of the heat energy from the structure while simultaneously actively reducing the convective and radiative heat flux coming into the structure from the surrounding space.

One approach to transpiration cooling is to move liquid through small pores in the outer wall of a body leading to evaporation of the liquid to a gas via the physical mechanism of evaporative cooling.  Other approaches are possible.

Hypersonic speed
In aerodynamics, hypersonic speed refers to speeds much faster than the speed of sound, usually more than approximately Mach 5.

The precise Mach number at which a craft can be said to be flying at hypersonic speed varies, since individual physical changes in the airflow (like molecular dissociation and ionization) occur at different speeds; these effects collectively become important around Mach 5–10. The hypersonic regime can also be alternatively defined as speeds where specific heat capacity changes with the temperature of the flow as the kinetic energy of the moving object is converted into heat.

Hypersonic weapons are typically boost-glide vehicles or cruise missiles designed for aerodynamic flight and maneuvering above Mach 5.

High hypersonic speeds are experienced during atmospheric entry. Spaceplanes are designed to be capable of flight in this regime. The North American X-15 and the Space Shuttle orbiter are the only crewed vehicles to fly above Mach 5.
Chak Rame
Chak Rame is a village in Shahkot in the Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Shahkot, 31 kilometres (19 mi) from Nakodar, 55 kilometres (34 mi) from the district headquarters in Jalandhar and 183 kilometres (114 mi) from the state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village as per Panchayati Raj.

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Metrioptera brachyptera
Metrioptera brachyptera is a species in the family Tettigoniidae commonly called the bog bush cricket.

M. brachyptera has a body length of 12–16 mm, with color ranging from brownish, with green elements on the upper side of the head and forearm, as well as on the sides of the body. In the female, the hind legs are often partly weakly greenish. As the name suggests, The wings are usually brachypterous, although long-winged morphs may be found.

Its range extends to most of Europe, except the Iberian peninsula. It is typically found in bogs, marshes, and other wetlands. The males can be fairly aggressive and attract mates with a song consisting of a simple repeated "zirr".

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.
2021 Okolo Slovenska
The 2021 Okolo Slovenska (transl. Tour of Slovakia) was the 65th edition of the Okolo Slovenska road cycling stage race. It was held from 15 and 19 September 2021, as a category 2.1 event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour.

2021 UCI Europe Tour
The 2021 UCI Europe Tour was the 17th season of the UCI Europe Tour. The season began on 24 January 2021 with the Clàssica Comunitat Valenciana 1969 – Gran Premio Valencia and ended on 24 October 2021 with the Ronde van Drenthe.

Throughout the season, points were awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points are awarded to the top finishers; the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2
Moscow Chord Ring
The Chord Ring of Moscow is a ring road under construction between the Third Ring Road and the Moscow Ring Road, formed of four separate chords and bypasses: the North-Eastern, North-Western and South-Eastern chords, as well as the Southern Rocade. Currently, some sections of the chord ring are ready, others are in the phase of design and active construction. The total cost of the road ring is estimated at 630 billion rubles. Completion of construction is scheduled for 2024.

Third Ring Road (Moscow)
The Third Ring Road, or The Third Ring (Russian: Тре́тье тра́нспортное кольцо́, or Тре́тье кольцо́, or ТТК; transliteration: Tretye Transportnoye Koltso, or Tretye Koltso, or TTK), is a beltway around central Moscow, Russia, located between the Garden Ring in the city centre and the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD).
2020 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2020 IIHF Women's World Championship was scheduled to be an international ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation. It was scheduled to be contested in Halifax and Truro, Canada, from 31 March to 10 April 2020.

On March 7, 2020, the tournament was cancelled by the IIHF due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Truro, Nova Scotia
Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain, close to the river's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay.
Protomelas dejunctus
Protomelas dejunctus, the fire blue hap, is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from around Chinyankwazi Island and Chinyamwezi Island in the southern portion of the lake.  It is known from depths of from 2 to 10 metres (6.6 to 32.8 ft).  This species can reach a length of 13.8 centimetres (5.4 in) SL. Some authorities have revised this taxon's status to that of a subspecies of Protomelas taeniolatus.

Protomelas taeniolatus
Protomelas taeniolatus (often sold under various trade names: Haplochromis red empress, red empress or spindle hap) is a Haplochromine cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa.  The fish is popular in the aquarium hobby due to the bright rainbow-like colors of adult males and its relatively peaceful temperament. Juvenile and female P. taeniolatus, like many Haplochromines, do not display bright coloration.

The red empress is endemic to Lake Malawi and occurs in sediment free, rocky habitats in relatively shallow waters. It mainly feeds on algae growing on the rock surfaces, but also on a variety of small invertebrates. Males can reach a size of up to 11.3 centimetres (4.4 in) TL.
Dipicolylamine
Dipicolylamine is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2C5H4N)2.  It is a yellow liquid that is soluble in polar organic solvents.  The molecule is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents.  The compound is a common tridentate ligand in coordination chemistry.

The compound can be prepared by many methods, alkylation of picolinylamine with picolinyl chloride, deamination of picolinylamine, and reductive amination of picolinyl amine and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde. It is commonly used to bind to bacteria in purifying mixtures that require separation.

Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, also called 2-formylpyridine, is an organic compound with the formula NC5H4CHO.  It is one of three isomeric pyridinaldehydes.  The other isomers are pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde and pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde.

Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde is a colorless oily liquid with a distinctive odor. Older samples are often brown-colored owing to impurities.   It serves as a precursor to other compounds of interest in coordination chemistry and pharmaceuticals.  Pyridine aldehydes are typically prepared by oxidation of the hydroxymethyl- or methylpyridines.
1970 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1970 La Flèche Wallonne was the 34th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 19 April 1970. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Eddy Merckx of the Faemino–Faema team.

La Flèche Wallonne
La Flèche Wallonne (pronounced [la flɛʃ walɔn], French for "The Walloon Arrow") is a men's professional cycle road race held in April each year in Wallonia, Belgium. It is part of the UCI World Tour.

The first of two Belgian Ardennes classics, La Flèche Wallonne is today normally held mid-week    between the Amstel Gold Race and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. At one time, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège were run on successive days as "Le Weekend Ardennais" (both races are organised by Amaury Sport Organisation). Only eight riders have achieved the "Ardennes double" by winning both races in the same year: Alejandro Valverde three times (in 2006, 2015 and 2017), Ferdi Kübler twice (in 1951 and 1952), Stan Ockers (1955), Eddy Merckx (1972), Moreno Argentin (1991), Davide Rebellin (2004), Philippe Gilbert (2011), and Tadej Pogačar (2023).

Since 1998, a women's event has been held on the same day, part of the UCI Women's World Tour.
Meta Quest 3S
Meta Quest 3S is a standalone virtual reality (VR) headset developed by Reality Labs, a division of Meta Platforms. It was unveiled on September 25, 2024, and released on October 15, 2024, as part of the third generation of the Meta Quest line.

It is intended as an entry-level model complementing 2023's Meta Quest 3, and succeeded the Quest 2 at its price point; it shares most of its hardware and mixed reality capabilities with the Quest 3, but with lower-resolution displays and optics inherited from the Quest 2.

The Quest 3S received positive reviews, with critics considering it an incremental update to the Quest 2 in comparison to the flagship Quest 3, and considering it to be a good value for first-time users.

Meta Quest
The Meta Quest, initially the Oculus Quest until August 2022, is a line of virtual reality headsets with augmented reality capabilities developed by Reality Labs, a division of Meta. The first-generation Oculus Quest was developed by Oculus (then a brand of Facebook, later a division of Meta Platform known as Reality Labs) and released on May 21, 2019. Since then, Facebook (Meta Platforms) has released new Quest models and Quest OS (Horizon OS) updates. As of February 2023, over 20 million total Quest headsets had been sold. After an agreement with Comcast in 2023, Meta Quest headsets included Peacock.
Knights of Columbus Stadium
Knights of Columbus Stadium was a football stadium located in East Orange, New Jersey, along Main Street. The stadium was used by the Orange Tornadoes of the National Football League in 1929. However, the Tornadoes first moved into the stadium in 1926, when they were still called the Orange Athletic Club. The Tornadoes briefly moved to Newark, New Jersey in 1930. However, after a disastrous season, the team moved back to Orange and played independently at the stadium from 1931 until 1935. The team also played at Knights of Columbus Stadium in 1936, as a member of American Association.

The largest crowd in 1929 was 9,000 people who attended the season opener on September 29. The smallest crowd of the season was 1,500 people on November 17. Former Orange player, Ernest Cuneo, once wrote that the attendance mainly ran in the range between 2,500 and 3,000 fans at Knights of Columbus Field, which was low even for a Depression year.

East Orange, New Jersey
East Orange is a city in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 69,612, an increase of 5,342 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count of 64,270, which in turn reflected a decline of 5,554 (−8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 census. The city was the state's 17th most populous municipality in 2020, after having been ranked 20th in 2010 and 14th statewide in 2000. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 69,556 for 2023, making it the 544th-most populous municipality in the nation.
Franz Breit
Franz Breit (1 July 1817, in Mieders – 17 August 1868, in Tübingen) was an Austrian obstetrician.

He studied medicine in Vienna, Prague and Padua, and was later an obstetrician and assistant to professor Johann Klein of the maternity clinic at the Vienna General Hospital in Austria.  He was appointed to professor and chair of obstetrics  at the University of Tübingen on 20 March 1847 allowing Ignaz Semmelweis to become assistant to the professor.  Franz Breit succeeded Eduard Lumpe as assistant to professor Klein.

Among his written works were three obstetrical treatises published in Roser and Wunderlich's Archiv für physiologische Heilkunde. In 1854 he published Über die Krankheiten der Symphysis ossium pubis wahrend Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett (On the diseases of the symphysis pubis ossium during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium).

Eduard Lumpe
Eduard Lumpe (1813–1876) 
was an obstetrician working in Vienna General Hospital as assistant to professor Johann Klein.  He is mainly known for compiling a list of causes for childbed fever in 1845, reflecting the (in retrospect: limited) insights at the time.  The disease was predominantly epidemic, i.e. due to miasmatic influences.  Other causal factors included: general deprivation, worry, shame, attempted abortion, fear of death, dietary disorders, exposure to cold, local miasmas and difficult delivery. Ignaz Semmelweis ridiculed Lumpe's work.

Lumpe's work reflected mainstream views, see for instance the work of Charles Delucena Meigs for a similar American account in 1854.
Irresistible grace
Irresistible grace (also called effectual grace, effectual calling, or efficacious grace) is a doctrine in Christian theology particularly associated with Calvinism, which teaches that the saving grace of God is effectually applied to those whom he has determined to save (the elect) and, in God's timing, overcomes their resistance to obeying the call of the gospel, bringing them to faith in Christ. It is to be distinguished from prevenient grace, particularly associated with Arminianism, which teaches that the offer of salvation through grace does not act irresistibly in a purely cause-effect, deterministic method, but rather in an influence-and-response fashion that can be both freely accepted and freely denied.

Sovereignty of God in Christianity
Sovereignty of God in Christianity can be defined as the right of God to exercise his ruling power over his creation. Sovereignty can also include the way God exercises his ruling power. However, this aspect is subject to divergences notably related to the concept of God's self-imposed limitations. The correlation between God's sovereignty and human free will is a central theme in discussions about the meaningful nature of human choice.
Ghawari
Ghawari is a union council and oasis in Ghanche District, Baltistan, Pakistan. It lies on the Shyok River about 14 miles (23 km) east of Sermik and 45.5 miles (73.2 km) southeast of Skardu. There is a suspension bridge over the Shyok in the southeast of the town which leads to Kuroo on the other side of the river.  It is well known as a center of Islamic scholarship and learning and for its production of cherries and the associated Ghawari Cherry Festival, meant to highlight the importance of cherry farming to Baltistan.

Skardu
Skardu (Urdu: سکردو, romanised: skardū, Tibetan script: སྐར་མདོ, pronounced [skərduː]) is a city located in Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. Skardu serves as the capital of Skardu District and the Baltistan Division. It is situated at an average elevation of nearly 2,500 metres (8,202 feet) above sea level in the Skardu Valley, at the confluence of the Indus and Shigar rivers.

Skardu is an important gateway to the eight-thousanders of the nearby Karakoram mountain range. The Indus River running through the region separates the Karakoram from the Ladakh Range.
1986 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 1986 season was the Cincinnati Bengals' 17th season in the National Football League (NFL), their 19th overall, and their third under head coach Sam Wyche.  The Bengals were one of two teams with ten wins that failed to make the AFC playoffs in 1986.

Third-year quarterback Boomer Esiason, who had the best season of his career, passed for a team-record 3,959 yards, 24 touchdowns and 17 interceptions with a completion percentage of 58.2 and a passer rating of 87.7, while halfback James Brooks rushed for 1,087 yards as the Bengals went 10–6, narrowly missing a playoff berth. Linebacker Reggie Williams was selected NFL Man of the Year for his efforts to charity and the community. The Bengals amassed a club-record 621 yards net offense in a 52–21 victory over the New York Jets on December 21. No NFL team has since matched that total in a regulation-time game since.

James Brooks (running back)
James Robert Brooks (born December 28, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Auburn Tigers and was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the first round of the 1981 NFL draft. He played for four teams in the NFL, earning all four of his Pro Bowl selections with the Cincinnati Bengals.
Philippine Peace Cup
The Philippine Peace Cup was a four-nation international football competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation (PFF) which involved the national teams of the Philippines and three invitees. The inaugural edition took place in 2012, replacing the annual Long Teng Cup. The tournament took place around September to celebrate peace month in the Philippines.

Long Teng Cup
The Long Teng Cup was an annual international friendly football tournament organized by the Chinese Taipei Football Association and held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The competition has been contested by Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Macau and Philippines. Hong Kong has won the first two editions of the tournament.
Cerebroplacental ratio
Cerebroplacental ratio is a tool used in obstetric ultrasound to predict adverse pregnancy outcome. It is measured by dividing the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery of the foetus by the pulsatility index of the umbilical artery of the foetus. A cerebroplacental ratio lower than 1-1.1 in uncomplicated pregnancies is indicative of placental insufficiency, independent of the actual fetal size.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
16th Airborne Command and Control Squadron
The 16th Airborne Command and Control Squadron was a United States Air Force squadron assigned to Air Combat Command's 461st Air Control Wing, 461st Operations Group, stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. The squadron previously flew the Northrop Grumman E-8C JSTARS, providing airborne battle management, command and control, surveillance, and target acquisition with the last E-8C flight on September 8, 2022.

10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group
The 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  Its last assignment was to the 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, stationed at Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany.   It was inactivated on 8 December 1957.
1954–55 Serie A
The 1954-55 Serie A was the fifty-third edition of the Italian Football Championship. It was the twenty-second Italian Football Championship branded Serie A, since Serie A was launched in 1929. This was the twenty-ninth season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. AC Milan were champions for the second of four wins that decade, and for the fifth time in their history. This was their second scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924, and their second win contested as Serie A.

1929–30 Serie A
The 1929-30 Serie A was the thirtieth edition of the Italian Football Championship. It was also the seventh season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. Replacing Divisione Nazionale, this was the first season of the Italian Football Championship after its landmark fourth re-brand that created Serie A. Serie A was the first Italian football nationwide round robin to decide Italy's champion club. Secondary division Serie B was created the same season, facilitating meritocratic promotion and relegation between two Italian nationwide divisions. Internazionale were inaugural Serie A winners, and thus were Italian national champions for the third time. This was their first win since the Scudetto started being awarded from 1924. At the time Inter were named Ambrosiana.
Eugene Kole
Fr. Eugene Kole, OFM Conv, served as Quincy University's 20th president from 1997–2002.  During his tenure the school embarked on an $8.6 million fitness center renovation, remodeling of St. Francis Hall and the addition of new academic programs.

Quincy University
Quincy University (QU) is a private Franciscan college in Quincy, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1860, it has an enrollment of approximately 1,300 undergraduate and graduate students across five constituent schools.
Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic is a dialect of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic originally spoken by ethnic Assyrians on the plain of Bohtan in the Ottoman Empire. Its speakers were displaced during the Assyrian genocide in 1915 and settled in Gardabani, near Rustavi in Georgia, Göygöl and Ağstafa in Azerbaijan. However it is now spoken in Moscow, Krymsk and Novopavlosk, Russia. It is considered to be a dialect of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic since it is a northeastern Aramaic language and its speakers are ethnically Assyrians.

The closest related dialect is Hertevin, and Bohtan also shares many similarities with the peripheral Qaraqosh dialect.

Neo-Aramaic dialect of Qaraqosh
Qaraqosh is one of the most conservative dialects of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic, spoken by ethnic Assyrians in the city of Qaraqosh (Bakhdida) in Iraq. Qaraqosh dialect has some similarities with the Aramaic spoken in nearby Karamlesh. It is a peripheral dialect in the dialect continuum of Neo-Aramaic stretching from Turoyo to western  Iran.