hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madhan Karky
Madhan Karky Vairamuthu is an Indian lyricist, screenwriter, research associate, software engineer, and entrepreneur. A holder of a doctorate in computer science from the University of Queensland, Karky began his professional career as an assistant professor at the College of Engineering, Guindy, and soon after ventured into the Tamil cinema, working as a lyricist and dialogue writer. He resigned from his teaching profession in early 2013 and began working full-time in the film industry, while also launching the Karky Research Foundation (KaReFo), an educational research organization which primarily focuses on language computing and language literacy. He also founded the Mellinam Education, which develops educational games and story books designed to propagate learning among children, and DooPaaDoo, an online music platform which promotes independent music and serves a distributor for film soundtracks.

Kanden Kadhalai
Kanden Kadhalai (transl. I Saw My Love) is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by R. Kannan. The film, a remake of the 2007 Hindi film Jab We Met, with Bharath and Tamannaah Bhatia reprising the roles of Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor. The film was released on 30 October 2009 and became a commercial success.
Perityleae
Perityleae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae. The species of its genera are native exclusively to the New World.

This tribe is closely related to the Eupatorieae tribe. It was classified as a separate tribe following molecular studies of plastid DNA sequences.

Perityle
Perityle is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. They are known generally as rock daisies.

Perityle is a variable genus, with its members sharing few characteristics. They include small herbs to spreading shrubs and most bear yellow or white daisylike flower heads. The fruit is generally a flat seed with thickened margins which may or may not have a pappus or scales. Plants of this genus are native to North and South America.

A study including morphological and cytological analyses and a phylogenomic analysis of chloroplast and nuclear genomes was published in 2022, and concluded that Perityle as previously circumscribed was polyphyletic. The authors revived and/or expanded the genera Galinsogeopsis, Laphamia, and Nesothamnus to establish monophyletic clades. The small genus Amauria and the Desventuradas Islands endemic species Lycapsus tenuifolius were merged into Perityle, leaving it with 13 species.
Tarime
Tarime is a large town in northwestern Mara Region, Tanzania. The town is the location of the district capital of Tarime District. The main Tanzania-Kenyan border crossing in Sirari is less than 20km away from Tarime and can be reached by following the paved trunk road T4.

According to the 2012 census, the population of Tarime, which comprises Bomani, Nyamisangura and Sabasaba wards, was 33,431. In 2022 census, National Bureau of Statistics Tanzania report the population of Tarime town is 133,043 consist of 8 wards, which are Bomani, Nyamisangura, Sabasaba, Nkende, Nyandoto, Kenyamanyori, Turwa and Kentare.

Sirari
Sirari is a town and ward in Tarime District, Mara Region of northern Tanzania, East Africa. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 17,564 people in the ward, from 15,917 in 2012.: 155-156 : 183
2017 Southern League season
The 2017 Southern League was a Class AA baseball season played between April 6 and September 4. Ten teams played a 140-game schedule, with the top team in each division in each half of the season qualifying for the post-season.

The Chattanooga Lookouts and Pensacola Blue Wahoos were co-champions of the Southern League, as Hurricane Irma canceled the final round of the playoffs.

Chattanooga Lookouts
The Chattanooga Lookouts are a Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League and the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. They are based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and are named for nearby Lookout Mountain. After the 2025 season, they will move to Erlanger Park. They played at Engel Stadium from 1930 through 1999, except in 1943, when they played at Montgomery, Alabama's Cramton Bowl.
Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
The Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) is a dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Sagittarius. It lies about 3.4 million light-years away. It was discovered on 13 June 1977 on a photographic plate taken for the ESO (B) Atlas on 13 June 1977 using the ESO 1 meter Schmidt telescope.

The SagDIG is thought to be the member of the Local Group most remote from the Local Group's barycenter. It is only slightly outside the zero-velocity surface of the Local Group.

SagDIG is a much more luminous galaxy than the Aquarius Dwarf and it has been through a prolonged period of star formation. This has resulted in it containing a rich intermediate-age population of stars. Twenty-seven candidate carbon stars have been identified inside SagDIG. Analysis shows that the underlying stellar population of SagDIG is metal-poor (at least [Fe/H] ≤ −1.3). Further, the population is young, with the most likely average age between 4 and 8 billion years for the dominant population.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Rackliffe House (Assateague State Park)
Rackliffe House is a restored 18th-century coastal plantation house overlooking Sinepuxent Bay.  The house is  located at 11700 Tom Patton Lane, Berlin, Maryland, 21811, within walking distance of the Assateague Island Visitor Center at Assateague State Park, Maryland.  Built of Flemish bond brick with random glazed headers, the house would have been "one of the most impressive gentry dwellings in the region" in the 18th century.  The plantation house is one of a small number of remaining tidewater dwellings from colonial times, and may be the only one of its kind and vintage in the Mid-Atlantic region that is open to the public.

Berlin, Maryland
Berlin is a town in Worcester County, Maryland, United States which includes its own historical Berlin Commercial District. As of the 2020 census, Berlin had a population of 5,026. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Francisco Ferreira (footballer, born 1919)
Francisco "Xico" Ferreira (23 August 1919 – 14 February 1986) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a midfielder.

Over the course of 15 seasons, he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 278 games and twenty-three goals, mainly at Benfica, winning ten major titles.

He is also notable for ill-fated reasons, after a friendly in his honor between Benfica and Torino, as the Italian team returned home, their plane crashed into the Basilica of Superga, killing all aboard and ending the Grande Torino team.

1952 Taça de Portugal final
The 1952 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1951–52 Taça de Portugal, the 12th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 15 June 1952 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Sporting CP. Benfica defeated Sporting CP 5–4 to claim their sixth Taça de Portugal.
Leonard J. Marcus
Leonard J. Marcus (born 1952) is an American social scientist and administrator. He is director of the Program for Health Care Negotiation and Conflict Resolution at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard University, and founding co-director of the National Preparedness Leadership Initiative, a joint program of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Center for Public Leadership at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.

Eric McNulty
Eric James McNulty is an American author, academic, and public speaker whose work is focused on leadership in crisis and change. He is associate director of the National Preparedness Leadership Initiative (NPLI) at Harvard University and an instructor at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)
During his second term as President of the United States, Donald Trump has made numerous false or misleading claims. The Associated Press fact-checked several of Trump's statements from his first week in office, declaring them false and misleading.

Joint session of the United States Congress
A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the president delivers a State of the Union address, when they gather to count and certify the votes of the Electoral College as the presidential election, or when they convene on the occasion of a presidential inauguration. A joint meeting is usually a ceremonial or formal occasion and does not perform any legislative function, and no resolution is proposed nor vote taken.

Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House. The Constitution requires the vice president (as president of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes by Congress.
Glossary of structural engineering
This glossary of structural engineering terms pertains specifically to structural engineering and its sub-disciplines. Please see Glossary of engineering for a broad overview of the major concepts of engineering.

Most of the terms listed in glossaries are already defined and explained within itself.  However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together.  You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.

Shell (structure)
A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface, then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane thus generating significant stresses.
Materials range from concrete (a concrete shell) to fabric (as in fabric structures).

Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings.
Atelopus vogli
The maracay harlequin frog or Vogli stubfoot toad (Atelopus vogli) is an extinct species of harlequin frog in the family Bufonidae. It was endemic to Venezuela. It is known from collections in two localities: its type locality, Las Peñas near Hacienda la Trinidad in Aragua, and Montalbán in Carabobo. It was first described as subspecies of Atelopus cruciger. The specific name vogli honours Cornelius Vogl, German priest who was a missionary in Venezuela in 1925–1959. Common name Vogl's harlequin toad has been coined for it.

Atelopus cruciger
Atelopus cruciger, also known as the Veragua stubfoot toad or Rancho Grande harlequin frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Venezuela and is mainly found in the central Venezuelan Coastal Range. Despite considerable effort, no specimens of Atelopus cruciger could be found for seventeen years after 1986. The species was believed extinct until, in 2003, researchers found a small population at the Cordillera de La Costa. A few other locations were later discovered. Atelopus cruciger is mainly threatened by chytridiomycosis. It is locally called sapito rayado.
Belinț
Belinț (Hungarian: Belence; German: Belintz; Serbian: Белинц, romanized: Belinc) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is located between the cities of Timișoara and Lugoj and is composed of four villages: Babșa, Belinț (commune seat), Chizătău and Gruni.

Timiș
The Timiș or Tamiš (Romanian: Timiș, Serbian: Тамиш / Tamiš, Hungarian: Temes, German: Temesch) is a 359-kilometre-long (223 mi) river that flows through the Banat region of Romania and Serbia and joins the Danube near Pančevo, in northern Serbia. Due to its position in the region, it has been labeled as the "spine of the Banat".
La Voz Perú season 4
The fourth season of the Peruvian reality singing competition La Voz Perú premiered on 14 June 2021, on Latina Televisión, and the show returned after six years of hiatus. Eva Ayllón returns as coach, joined by newcomers Mike Bahia, Daniela Darcourt, and Guillermo Dávila. Cristian Rivero remains as the host of the program, joined by Karen Schwarz for the live shows.

La Voz Peru
La Voz Perú (English: The Voice Peru or The Voice of Peru) is a Peruvian reality talent show that premiered on Latina Televisión on September 30, 2013. It is based on the original The Voice of Holland, and is part of an international franchise created by Dutch television producer John de Mol.
Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire
The Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Klasik Çağ) concerns the history of the Ottoman Empire from the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until the second half of the sixteenth century, roughly the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566). During this period a system of patrimonial rule based on the absolute authority of the sultan reached its apex, and the empire developed the institutional foundations which it would maintain, in modified form, for several centuries. The territory of the Ottoman Empire greatly expanded, and led to what some historians have called the Pax Ottomana. The process of centralization undergone by the empire prior to 1453 was brought to completion in the reign of Mehmed II.

Louis II of Hungary
Louis II (Hungarian: II. Lajos; Czech: Ludvík Jagellonský; Croatian: Ludovik II.; Slovak: Ľudovít II.; 1 July 1506 – 29 August 1526) was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 1516 to 1526. He died during the Battle of Mohács fighting the Ottomans, whose victory led to the Ottoman annexation of large parts of Hungary.
San Sebastiano al Palatino
San Sebastiano al Palatino is a church on the northeastern corner of the Palatine Hill in Rome. It is dedicated to Saint Sebastian, a late-third-century Christian martyr under the reign of Diocletian. According to legend, the church was built on the site of the saint's "first" martyrdom with arrows, which was unsuccessful.

Palatine Hill
The Palatine Hill (/ˈpælətaɪn/ PAL-ə-tyne; Classical Latin: Palatium; New Latin: Collis/Mons Palatinus; Italian: Palatino [palaˈtiːno]), which relative to the seven hills of Rome is the centremost, is one of the most ancient parts of the city; it has been called "the first nucleus of the Roman Empire". The site is now mainly a large open-air museum whilst the Palatine Museum houses many finds from the excavations here and from other ancient Italian sites.

Imperial palaces were built there, starting with Augustus. Before imperial times the hill was mostly occupied by the houses of the rich.

The hill originally had two summits separated by a depression: the higher summit was called Palatium; the lower Germalus (or Cermalus). Using the Forma Urbis its perimeter enclosed 63 acres (25 ha); while the Regionary Catalogues of the 4th century enclose 131 acres (53 ha).
Martina Beck
Martina "Molly" Beck (born Martina Glagow; 21 September 1979 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany) is a retired German biathlete. She now lives in Mittenwald in Bavaria. She was most successful in the 2002–03 season, when she was the first German to win the women's overall Biathlon World Cup. She is also a three-times world champion and three-times Olympic silver medalist.

She married the Austrian biathlete Günther Beck on 24 July 2008 and is now known as Martina Beck. She has one daughter named Hilde (born 1 April 2011).

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Wilt L. Idema
Wilt Lukas Idema (born 12 November 1944) is a Dutch scholar and Sinologist who taught at University of Leiden and Harvard University (2000–13), presently emeritus at both universities. He specializes in Chinese literature, with interests in early Chinese drama, Chinese women's literature of the premodern period, Chinese popular narrative ballads, and early development of Chinese vernacular fiction.

He and his wife have two children.

Stephen Owen (sinologist)
Stephen Owen (born October 30, 1946) is an American sinologist specializing in Chinese literature, particularly Tang dynasty poetry and comparative poetics. He taught Chinese literature and comparative literature at Harvard University and is James Bryant Conant University Professor, Emeritus; becoming emeritus before he was one of only 25 Harvard University Professors. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
4th APAN Star Awards
The 4th APAN Star Awards (Korean: 제4회 에이판 스타 어워즈) ceremony was held on November 28, 2015, at Wonju Gymnasium in Wonju, Gangwon Province and was broadcast live on MBC Every 1 and V Live. Lee Hwi-jae, Kim Sung-joo, Lee Hoon and T-ara's Park So-yeon were the host of the award ceremony. First held in 2012, the annual awards ceremony recognizes the excellence in South Korea's television. The nominees were chosen from 98 Korean dramas that aired on broadcasting networks MBC, KBS and SBS and cable channels tvN, jtbc, OCN, MBN and TV Chosun from October 1, 2014, to October 30, 2015.

The highest honor of the ceremony, Grand Prize (Daesang), was awarded to the actor Kim Soo-hyun of the drama series The Producers.

APAN Star Awards
The APAN Star Awards is an awards ceremony for excellence in television in South Korea and contribution to Korean Wave, organized by the Korea Entertainment Management Association (CEMA). Nominees for the awards are selected from Korean dramas that airs on the three major broadcasting networks (KBS, MBC and SBS) and cable channels (tvN, jtbc, OCN, MBN and TV Chosun) from October of the previous year to September of the current year.
Sten Andersson
Sten Sture Andersson (20 April 1923 – 16 September 2006) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He served as Minister for Social Affairs from 1982 to 1985 and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1991. He was also President of the Nordic Council in 1994.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: utrikesminister) is the foreign minister of Sweden and the head of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

The current Minister for Foreign Affairs is Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.
Veronese Riddle
The Veronese Riddle (Italian: Indovinello veronese) is a riddle written in either Medieval Latin or early Romance on the Verona Orational, probably in the 8th or early 9th century, by a Christian monk from Verona, in northern Italy. It is an example of a writing-riddle, a popular genre in the Middle Ages and still in circulation in recent times. Discovered by Luigi Schiaparelli in 1924, it may be the earliest extant example of Romance writing in Italy.

Bruno Migliorini
Bruno Migliorini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbruːno miʎʎoˈriːni]; 19 November 1896 – 18 June 1975) was an Italian linguist and philologist. He was the author of one of the first scientific histories of Italian language and was president of the Accademia della Crusca.
Elite Activity
Elite Activity is the name used for several pyramid schemes typically targeting Christian churches and their congregations. Elite Activity solicited cash gifts of $100 to start, required participants to sign up two other people, required each of those two to sign up two more, and promised payouts of between $800 and $48,000. Marketing materials emphasized that money paid into the scheme was a gift, using language likened to prosperity gospel teachings.

Pyramid scheme
A pyramid scheme is a business model which, rather than earning money (or providing returns on investments) by sale of legitimate products to an end consumer, mainly earns money by recruiting new members with the promise of payments (or services). As the number of members multiplies, recruiting quickly becomes increasingly difficult until it is impossible, and therefore most of the newer recruits do not make a profit. As such, pyramid schemes are unsustainable. The unsustainable nature of pyramid schemes has led to most countries outlawing them as a form of fraud.

Pyramid schemes have existed since at least the mid-to-late 19th century in different guises. Some multi-level marketing plans have been classified as pyramid schemes.
2025 Punjab Kings season
The 2025 season was the 18th season for the Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket franchise Punjab Kings. They were one of the ten teams that competed in the 2025 Indian Premier League. Ahead of the season, Shreyas Iyer was appointed as the captain. The team was coached by Ricky Ponting.

The Punjab Kings finished in first place in the league stage, and advanced to the Qualifier 1 in playoffs. The team lost Qualifier 1 to Royal Challengers Bengaluru but, won Qualifier 2 against Mumbai Indians. However, they lost the final again to Royal Challengers Bengaluru. Punjab's captain Iyer scored the most runs (604) while, Arshdeep Singh took the most wickets (21) for Punjab in the 2025 season.

Arshdeep Singh
Arshdeep Singh (born 1999) is an  Indian professional cricketer who plays for the India national cricket team. In Indian domestic cricket, he plays for Punjab and for Punjab Kings in the Indian Premier League. Arshdeep is a left-arm medium-fast bowler. He was an integral member of the Indian team that won the 2024 T20 World Cup, and was the joint-highest wicket taker of the tournament. Singh was also a member of the 2025 Champions Trophy and 2018 U19 World Cup winning squads.

Arshdeep made his international debut for the Indian team in July 2022 in a T20I match against England. He bowled a maiden over on debut, becoming just the third Indian bowler to do so on their T20I debut. Arshdeep is the first Indian bowler to take 100 wickets in T20 internationals.