hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
The Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (ILSA) was a 1996 act of the United States Congress that imposed economic sanctions on firms doing business with Iran and Libya. On September 20, 2004, the President signed an Executive Order to terminate the national emergency with respect to Libya and to end IEEPA-based economic sanctions on Libya. On September 30, 2006, the Act was renamed the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA). The Act was originally limited to five years, and has been extended several times. On December 1, 2016, ISA was extended for a further ten years.

The Act empowers the President to waive sanctions on a case-by-case basis, which is subject to renewal every six months. As at March 2008, ISA sanctions had not been enforced against any non-US company. Despite the restrictions on American investment in Iran, FIPPA provisions apply to all foreign investors, and many Iranian expatriates based in the US continue to make substantial investments in Iran.

International Emergency Economic Powers Act
The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), Title II of Pub. L. 95–223, 91 Stat. 1626, enacted December 28, 1977, is a United States federal law authorizing the president to regulate international commerce after declaring a national emergency in response to any unusual and extraordinary threat to the United States which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States.  The act was signed by President Jimmy Carter on December 28, 1977.
2025 Shakey's Super League National Invitationals
The 2025 Shakey's Super League National Invitationals was the third edition of the national collegiate competition organized by the Shakey's Super League and the second SSL tournament of 2025. In celebration of Shakey's 50th year anniversary, this year 2025 edition tournament will be in a three-leg nationwide tour. The SSL came up with a tour-style format to showcase the talents of provincial squads in front of their home crowd.

The NU Lady Bulldogs entered this tournament as the defending National Invitationals champions.

Shakey's Super League
The Shakey's Super League (SSL) is a women's volleyball league in the Philippines contested within the collegiate and high school levels. The league is organized by Shakey's Pizza Asia Ventures Inc. (SPAVI), title sponsors of the original V-League, and Athletic Events and Sports Management Group Inc. (ACES), organizers of the now-defunct Philippine Super Liga.
Cascadia Con
Cascadia Con was the eighth North American Science Fiction Convention, held in SeaTac, Washington, on September 1–5, 2005, at the Seattle Airport Hilton and Conference Center.  This NASFiC was held because Glasgow, Scotland, was selected as the location for the 2005 Worldcon.

Alexander James Adams
Alexander James Adams (formerly Heather Alexander; born November 8, 1962) is an American singer, musician and songwriter in the Celtic and world music genres who blends mythical, fantasy, and traditional themes in performances, switching between instrumental fiddle and songs accompanied by guitar, bodhrán, and fiddle-playing. Adams has also been an artist in the field of filk music and won multiple Pegasus awards.

Adams performed for 25 years before his gender transition.  His website refers to him as the "heir" to Heather Alexander, and continues to credit songs originally released as Heather Alexander under that name.
Windows Contacts
Windows Contacts is a legacy special folder used for contact management that is included in Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, and Windows 11. It replaced but retains most of the functionality of Windows Address Book and works with Windows Live Mail and the Vista version of Windows Mail for legacy purposes.

Windows Contacts uses an XML-based schema format. Each contact appears as an individual .contact file, in which custom information including pictures can be stored. Windows Contacts features extensibility APIs for integration with other applications and for storing custom information. The legacy *.wab format and the open standards *.vcf (vCard) and *.csv (CSV) are also supported.

Although it’s incompatible with and functionally replaced by the newer People app and then later by Outlook for Windows, the folder still exists in the latest versions of Windows for backwards compatibility.

Mail (Windows)
Mail (later Microsoft Outlook) is a discontinued email client developed by Microsoft and included in Windows Vista and later versions of Windows.  It was available as the successor to Outlook Express, which was either included with, or released for Internet Explorer 3.0 and later versions of Internet Explorer. It was succeeded by Outlook for Windows.
Rex Slinkard
Rex Rudy Slinkard (June 5, 1887, Edwardsport, Indiana – October 18, 1918, Manhattan, New York City) was an American modernist painter and teacher. He is best remembered for his Symbolist works, most of which were unknown until after his premature death at age 31.

MacDowell Clubs
The MacDowell Clubs in the United States were established at the turn of the twentieth century to honor internationally recognized American composer Edward MacDowell. They became part of a broader social movement to promote music and other art forms in America.
Balete tree
The baleté tree (also known as balité or baliti) are several species of trees in the Philippines from the genus Ficus, which are generally referred to as balété in Filipino.

A number of these are strangler figs, as they germinate upon other trees, before entrapping their host tree entirely and eventually killing it. Consequently the young plants are hemiepiphytes, i.e. epiphytes or air plants that grow several hanging roots which eventually touch the ground and take root. Some baletes produce natural rubber of an inferior quality. The Indian rubber tree, F. elastica, was formerly cultivated to some extent for rubber. Some of the species like tangisang-bayawak or Ficus variegata are large and could probably be utilized for match wood. The wood of Ficus species are soft, light, and of inferior quality, and the trees usually have ill-formed, short boles.

Ficus elastica
Ficus elastica, the rubber fig, rubber bush, rubber tree, rubber plant, or Indian rubber bush, Indian rubber tree, or rambung is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to eastern parts of South and Southeast Asia. It has become naturalized in Sri Lanka, the West Indies, and the US state of Florida. Its common names reflect its historical use as a source of rubber within its native range, but it is not used in the modern commercial-scale production of natural rubber.
2009 African Women's Handball Champions League
The 2009 African Women's Handball Champions League was the 31st edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from October 21–30 at the Palais des Sports in Yaoundé, Cameroon, contested by 8 teams and won by Atlético Petróleos de Luanda of Angola.

African Women's Handball Champions League
The Africa Women's Handball Championship for Clubs Champions is an annual international women's handball club competition run by the African Handball Confederation. The top club sides from Africa's women's handball leagues are invited to participate in this competition.
The Farm (Battlestar Galactica)
"The Farm" is the fifth episode of the second season of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. It aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on August 12, 2005. It is the first episode of the series in which the plot is set on Caprica.

In the episode, Cylons capture Kara "Starbuck" Thrace and hold her in an abandoned hospital, where they are performing experiments with human reproduction. Starbuck escapes and leaves Caprica to return to the human fleet. Commander William Adama returns to command of the fleet, but President Laura Roslin persuades almost a third of the fleet to follow her back to Kobol.

According to executive producer Ronald D. Moore, the production process for "The Farm" was one of the most contentious of the second season.

Starbuck's portrayal in "The Farm" has attracted academic study. Critical reaction was mixed.

Number Eight (Battlestar Galactica)
Number Eight is a female humanoid Cylon model on the television series Battlestar Galactica, a reimagining of the 1978 show of the same name. She is portrayed by Canadian-American actor Grace Park. Two prominent Number Eight copies serving as pilots on the Battlestar Galactica are Sharon Valerii and Sharon Agathon, using the call signs "Boomer" and "Athena", respectively. The call signs for both Sharons are references to two characters from the original Battlestar Galactica series: Viper pilot Lieutenant Boomer, played by Herbert Jefferson, Jr., and Lieutenant Athena, the daughter of Commander Adama (Lorne Greene), played by Maren Jensen.
TVR Cerbera Speed 12
The TVR Cerbera Speed 12, originally known as the Project 7/12, is a sports car designed by TVR in 1997. Based on the TVR Cerbera, the vehicle was intended to be both the world's fastest road car and the basis for a GT1 class endurance racer. However, problems during its development, changing GT1 class regulations and the eventual decision that it was simply incapable of being used as a road car forced TVR executives to abandon its development.

The engine, displacing 7.7 L (469.9 cu in) and having twelve cylinders, was reportedly capable of producing nearly 1,000 hp (746 kW), although an exact measurement was never made. Nonetheless, it was claimed to have a top speed greater than that of the McLaren F1.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
NKo (Unicode block)
NKo is a Unicode block containing characters for the Manding languages of West Africa, including Bamanan, Jula, Maninka, Mandinka, and a common literary language, Kangbe, also called NKo.

NKo became part of Unicode with version 5.0 in July 2006. With Unicode 11.0 in June 2018, three additional characters were added: a combining mark for abbreviated units of measure and two currency symbols.

The punctuation marks ⟨⸜⟩ and ⟨⸝⟩ were placed in the Supplemental Punctuation block.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Permutohedron
In mathematics, the permutohedron (also spelled permutahedron) of order n is an (n − 1)-dimensional polytope embedded in an n-dimensional space. Its vertex coordinates (labels) are the permutations of the first n natural numbers. Two permutations connected by an edge differ in only two places (one transposition), and the numbers on these places are neighbors (differ in value by 1).

The image on the right shows the permutohedron of order 4, which is the truncated octahedron. Its vertices are the 24 permutations of (1, 2, 3, 4). Parallel edges have the same edge color. The 6 edge colors correspond to the 6 possible transpositions of 4 elements, i.e. they indicate in which two places the connected permutations differ. (E.g. red edges connect permutations that differ in the last two places.)

Pieter Hendrik Schoute
Pieter Hendrik Schoute (21 January 1846, Wormerveer – 18 April 1913, Groningen) was a Dutch mathematician known for his work on regular polytopes and Euclidean geometry.

He started his career as a civil engineer, but became a professor of mathematics at Groningen and published some thirty papers on polytopes between 1878 and his death in 1913. He collaborated with Alicia Boole Stott on describing the sections of the regular 4-polytopes.

In 1886, he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
MCC tour of Australia in 1950–51
The Marylebone Cricket Club tour of Australia in 1950–51 under the captaincy of Freddie Brown was its tenth since it took official control of overseas tours in 1903–1904. The touring team played as England in the 1950–51 Ashes series against Australia, but as the MCC in all other games. In all there were 25 matches; 5 Test matches (which they lost 4–1), 11 other first-class matches (which they won 4–0) and 9 minor matches (which they won 2–0). Denis Compton was made Brown's vice-captain, the only time that a professional cricketer held this position on an MCC tour.

David Sheppard
David Stuart Sheppard, Baron Sheppard of Liverpool (6 March 1929 – 5 March 2005) was a Church of England bishop who played cricket for Sussex and England in his youth, before serving as Bishop of Liverpool from 1975 to 1997. Sheppard remains the only ordained minister to have played Test cricket, though others such as Tom Killick were ordained after playing Tests.
License proliferation
License proliferation is the phenomenon of an abundance of already existing and the continued creation of new software licenses for software and software packages in the FOSS ecosystem. License proliferation affects the whole FOSS ecosystem negatively by the burden of increasingly complex license selection, license interaction, and license compatibility considerations.

MIT License
The MIT License is a permissive software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts few restrictions on reuse and has high license compatibility.

Unlike copyleft software licenses, the MIT License allows reuse within proprietary software, provided that all copies of the software or its substantial portions include a copy of the terms of the MIT License and also a copyright notice. In 2015 and 2025, the MIT License was the most popular software license on GitHub.

Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System, Ruby on Rails, Node.js, Lua, jQuery, .NET, Angular, and React.
Philodendron sodiroi
Philodendron sodiroi is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to Colombia. A climbing epiphyte, it was once thought to be synonymous with Philodendron ornatum. Named after Luis Sodiro, it was first described scientifically in 1883. It is most recognizable for the silver mottling on its green, cordate leaves.

Philodendron
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2025, the Plants of the World Online accepted 625 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.
Lemyrea
Lemyrea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.

Its native range is Madagascar.

Species:

Lemyrea ciliolata (A.Chev.) A.Chev. & Beille

Lemyrea krugii (A.Chev.) A.Chev.

Lemyrea marojejyensis J.R.Stone & A.P.Davis

Lemyrea utilis (A.Chev.) A.Chev. & Beille

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Kiran Shah
Kiran Jethalal Shah MBE (born 28 September 1956) is a Kenyan actor and stunt double.

Shah was born in Nairobi, Kenya to an Indian family. He lived in Kenya until he was twelve years old, when he moved to India with his family. While living in India, he became interested in films, and when his family moved to Feltham, he became involved in show business. His first film was Candleshoe (1977), as a stand-in. When stunt coordinator Bob Anderson asked him to do stunts as well, his career was started. Shah played the part of Bolum in The People That Time Forgot (1977).

Shah is often confused with Deep Roy; they are both dwarf Nairobi-born Kenyan actors of Indian descent who got their starts in film and television in the late 1970s. He is the world's shortest stuntman according to the Guinness World Records. He has appeared as an actor in 31 films and 37 as a stuntman or body double.

Indians in Kenya
Indians in Kenya, also known as Kenyan Asians, are Kenyan citizens with ancestral roots in the Indian subcontinent. Significant Indian migration to modern-day Kenya began following the creation of the British East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which had strong infrastructure links with Bombay in British India. Kenyan Asians predominantly live in the major urban areas of Nairobi and Mombasa, with a minority living in rural areas.

According to the World Economic Forum, the population of Kenyan Asians numbered around 100,000 in 2015. In 2017, Kenyan Asians were recognised by the Government of Kenya as the nation's 44th tribe.
Selawik Lake
Selawik Lake (Inupiaq: Imaġruk) is a lake located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Selawik, Alaska. It is 31 miles (50 km) long. It is adjacent to the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge and the Baldwin Peninsula, feeding into the Hotham Inlet and Kotzebue Sound.

Selawik Lake is the third largest lake in Alaska after Iliamna Lake and Becharof Lake, and seventeenth largest lake in the United States of America.

Hotham Inlet
Hotham Inlet, also known as Kobuk Lake, is an arm of Kotzebue Sound on the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is 50 miles (80 km) long and 5–20 miles (8–32 km) wide. The inlet is the outlet of the Kobuk and Selawik Rivers and it is bounded on the southwest by the Baldwin Peninsula.

This inlet was named in 1826 by Royal Navy Captain Frederick William Beechey after Sir Henry Hotham, one of the lords of the British Admiralty.
Snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's snowboard cross
The men's snowboard cross competition in snowboarding at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 10 February, at the Genting Snow Park in Zhangjiakou. Alessandro Hämmerle of Austria became the champion. Éliot Grondin of Canada won the silver medal, and Omar Visintin of Italy the bronze. For all of them, this was the first Olympic medal.

FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2021
The 2021 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships were held in Idre, Rogla, Almaty and Aspen with the ski and snowboard cross events held in Idre from 11 to 13 February 2021, the parallel and giant slalom snowboard in Rogla from 1 to 2 March 2021, moguls and aerials held in Almaty from 8 to 11 March 2021, slopestyle, halfpipe and big air events of both Snowboard and Freeski in Aspen from 10 to 16 March 2021. Calgary was selected as a replacement for China to host the halfpipe, big air and slopestyle events, but on 20 January 2021, they pulled out.
Jeff Agoos
Jeffrey Alan Agoos (born May 2, 1968) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defender. He is one of the all-time appearance leaders for the United States national team. Agoos won a record five MLS championships: three with D.C. United and two with the San Jose Earthquakes. He also won the 1996 U.S. Open Cup and was the 2001 MLS Defender of the Year. He was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2009.

Post-playing-career, Agoos served as the Technical Director and Sporting Director of the New York Red Bulls, and then Vice President of Competition for Major League Soccer. He is currently President and General Manager of Soccer Operations for Portland Thorns FC.

MLS All-Time Best XI
The Major League Soccer All-Time Best XI was selected In 2005 as part of the league's tenth anniversary celebrations. Major League Soccer, the top soccer league in the United States, named its All-Time Best XI, a selection of the best eleven players in the history of the league. The winners were chosen by a combination of voting that included online voting on the league's official website, media votes, and MLS coaches and general managers.

The All-Time Best XI team was chosen from a pool of 78 players who were previous "Best XI" yearly selections or who were named to at least three All-Star Games since the inaugural season in 1996. D.C. United had four players selected who were with the team from 1996–2000, when D.C. United was the dominant team in MLS. Nine of the eleven players selected played with the league in the 1996 inaugural season; only Nowak (joined 1998) and Donovan (joined 2001) did not.
Lovers (2014 film)
Lovers is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by Harinath and starring Sumanth Ashwin and Nanditha. The film was a box office success. The film was inspired by the 2012 Tamil film Leelai.

Leelai
Leelai (transl. Play) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Andrew Louis and produced by Ramesh Babu. It stars débutantes Shiv Panditt and Manasi Parekh in lead roles along with Santhanam and Suhasini Raju in pivotal roles. The music was composed by Satish Chakravarthy with editing by Saravanan and cinematography by R. Velraj. The film, which began in May 2008, opened after production delays on 27 April 2012.
Constantin Perskyi
Constantin Dmitrievich Perskyi (Константин Дмитриевич Перский) (2 June 1854 – 5 April 1906) was a Russian scientist who is credited with coining the word television (télévision) in a paper that he presented in French at the 1st International Congress of Electricity, which ran from 18 to 25 August 1900 during the International World Fair in Paris. At the time, he was Professor of Electricity at the Artillery Academy of Saint Petersburg. His paper referred to the work of other experimenters in the field, including Paul Gottlieb Nipkow and Porfiry Ivanovich Bakhmetiev, who were attempting to use the photoelectric properties of selenium as the basis for their research in the field of image transmission.

Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (German: [ˈpaʊl ˈgɔtliːp ˈnɪpkɔv]; 22 August 1860 – 24 August 1940) was a German electrical engineer and inventor. He invented the Nipkow disk, which laid the foundation of television, since his disk was a fundamental component in the first televisions. Hundreds of stations experimented with television broadcasting using his disk in the 1920s and 1930s, until it was superseded by all-electronic systems in the 1940s.

Nipkow has been called the "father of television", together with other early figures of television history like Karl Ferdinand Braun.

The first regular television service in the world, Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow, was named in his honour.