hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tautological ring
In algebraic geometry, the tautological ring is the subring of the Chow ring of the moduli space of curves generated by tautological classes. These are classes obtained from 1 by pushforward along various morphisms described below. The tautological cohomology ring is the image of the tautological ring under the cycle map (from the Chow ring to the cohomology ring).

Chow group
In algebraic geometry, the Chow groups (named after Wei-Liang Chow by Claude Chevalley (1958)) of an algebraic variety over any field are algebro-geometric analogs of the homology of a topological space. The elements of the Chow group are formed out of subvarieties (so-called algebraic cycles) in a similar way to how simplicial or cellular homology groups are formed out of subcomplexes.  When the variety is smooth, the Chow groups can be interpreted as cohomology groups (compare Poincaré duality) and have a multiplication called the intersection product.  The Chow groups carry rich information about an algebraic variety, and they are correspondingly hard to compute in general.
IL17RA
Interleukin 17 receptor A, also known as IL17RA and CDw217 (cluster of differentiation w217), is a human gene.

Interleukin 17A (IL17A)is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-lymphocytes. It is a potent inducer of the maturation of CD34-positive hematopoietic precursors into neutrophils. The protein encoded by this gene (interleukin 17A receptor; IL17RA) is a ubiquitous type I membrane glycoprotein that binds with low affinity to interleukin 17A. Interleukin 17A and its receptor play a pathogenic role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Like other cytokine receptors, this receptor likely has a multimeric structure.

Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells. In terms of physiology, CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptors or ligands important to the cell. A signal cascade is usually initiated, altering the behavior of the cell (see cell signaling). Some CD proteins do not play a role in cell signaling, but have other functions, such as cell adhesion. CD for humans is numbered up to 371 (as of 21 April 2016).
East Tremont, Bronx
East Tremont is a residential neighborhood located in the West Bronx, New York City. From the north and moving clockwise, it is bounded by East 180th Street, Southern Boulevard, the Cross Bronx Expressway and Third Avenue. East Tremont Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through the neighborhood.

East Tremont is part of Bronx Community Board 6, and its ZIP Codes include 10457 and 10460. The area is patrolled by the NYPD's 48th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx.

Morris Heights, Bronx
Morris Heights is a residential neighborhood located in the West Bronx. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are: West Burnside Avenue to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the south, and the Harlem River to the west. University Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Morris Heights.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 5, and its ZIP Codes include 10452 and 10453. The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 46th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx.
Brand (Aachen)
Brand is a borough of Aachen, Germany, with about 18,000 residents. The borough lies in the south-east part of Aachen and borders Kornelimünster/Walheim, Forst, Oberforstbach und Eilendorf, as well as the town of Stolberg.

Brand was a self-administered community in the district of Aachen until 1972, when administrative reforms of the communities in the area caused Brand to be absorbed into Aachen. The current borough of Brand is made up of the towns Brand, Freund, Krauthausen, Niederforstbach, Brander Feld and Rollef.

At 270.9 meters, the highest point of the borough is a noise barrier along the Bundesautobahn 44. To the east Brand Forest can be found, which includes the Brand Forest Military Training Area.

Kornelimünster/Walheim
Kornelimünster/Walheim is the southernmost Stadtbezirk (borough) of Aachen, Germany, and borders the Eifel area of North Rhine-Westphalia, as well as Belgium. It became part of Aachen in 1972, after all of the communities surrounding the city were reorganized administratively.  The countryside is called Münsterländchen.
Lake Murati
Lake Murati (Estonian: Murati järv, Latvian: Murata ezers or Murats) is a lake in Estonia and Latvia. Most of the lake is located in the Estonian village of Murati in Rõuge Parish, Võru County, and a small part is located in Latvia's Ziemeri Parish in Alūksne Municipality, in the Veclaicene protected landscape area.

Rõuge Parish
Rõuge Parish (Estonian: Rõuge vald; Võro: Rõugõ vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Võru County. In 2019, it had a population of 5,427 and an area of 933 km2.

In 2017, it merged with Haanja Parish, Mõniste Parish, Misso Parish, and Varstu Parish to create a new entity. It retained the Rõuge Parish name.
Elwood V. Jensen
Elwood Vernon Jensen (January 13, 1920 – December 16, 2012) was the Distinguished University Professor, George and Elizabeth Wile Chair in Cancer Research at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine's Vontz Center for Molecular Studies. In 2004 he received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research for his research on estrogen receptors. He is considered the father of the field of hormone action.

Wittenberg University
Wittenberg University (officially Wittenberg College) is a private liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio, United States. It had 1,326 full-time students drawn from 33 states and 9 foreign countries in 2022 but enrollment has declined. Wittenberg University is associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Although the college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, it was placed on probation in November 2025 for not meeting HLC criteria related to financial management.
Texas Senate, District F
District F is an obsolete district of the Texas Senate. Though probably not known by the name District F, it was a floterial district that served Bowie, Red River, Fannin, and Lamar Counties. It was only active for the First and Second Texas Legislatures.

Lamar County, Texas
Lamar County (/ləˈmɑːr/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas, in the Northeast Texas region. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,088. Its county seat is Paris. The county was formed by the Congress of the Republic of Texas on December 17, 1840, and organized the next year. It is named for Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas. Lamar County comprises the Paris, TX micropolitan statistical area.
South East Delhi district
South East Delhi district is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.

This district was carved out in 2012 along with Shahdara, taking the total number to 11 administrative districts in Delhi.

Sarita Vihar
Sarita Vihar is a residential colony situated in South East Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. It is near the Kalindi Kunj- Noida Toll bridge or GD Birla Marg-Road 13A which connects the district to Noida. The area is situated close to Uttar pradesh border. It is believed that the site was primarily chosen as the construction site for the Games Village of the 1982 Asian Games, however on the insistence of the late prime minister Rajiv Gandhi, the plan was changed to convert it into an upscale residential housing locality. In 2013, it was awarded the "Greenest Colony in Delhi" tag by the then Chief Minister of Delhi Sheila Dikshit, credited to the efforts of its RWA members who have aggressively worked towards improving the state of parks and green spots in the locality.
Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp.
Specht v. Netscape, 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002), is a ruling at the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit regarding the enforceability of clickwrap licenses under contract law. The court held that merely clicking on a download button does not show consent with license terms, if those terms were not conspicuous and if it was not explicit to the consumer that clicking meant agreeing to the license.

Netscape (web browser)
The Netscape web browser is the general name for a series of web browsers formerly produced by Netscape Communications Corporation, which eventually became a subsidiary of AOL. The original browser was once the dominant browser in terms of usage share, but as a result of the first browser war, it lost virtually all of its share to Internet Explorer due to Microsoft's anti-competitive bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows.

Netscape was discontinued, and support for all Netscape browsers and client products was terminated on March 1, 2008.

In 2024, AOL brought back the browser in name only as a Chromium fork.
HMNZS Tui (T234)
HMNZS Tui (T234) was a Bird-class minesweeper of the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was commissioned in 1941 for minesweeping and anti-submarine roles. Tui was the first of two ships with this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy and was named after a native bird from New Zealand.

Minesweepers of the Royal New Zealand Navy
Commissioned minesweepers and danlayers of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) from its formation on 1 October 1941 to the present. The RNZN was created two years into World War II. For coherence this article covers the war years from the start, and thus includes also the New Zealand minesweepers operating from the beginning of the war.
Allahabadi Christmas fruitcake
Allahabadi Christmas fruitcake (Nastaleeq: الہ آبادی کرسمس فروٹ کیک, Devanagari: इलाहाबादी क्रिसमस फ़्रूट केक) is a traditional Indian rum fruit cake originating and lending its name from the north Indian city of Allahabad. Allahabadi cake is a Christmas cake popularly prepared for consumption during Christmastide by the Christian population of India and Pakistan.

Fruitcake
Fruitcake or fruit cake is a cake made with candied or dried fruit, nuts, and spices, and optionally soaked in spirits. In the United Kingdom, certain rich versions may be iced and decorated.

Fruitcakes are usually served in celebration of weddings and Christmas. Given their rich nature, fruitcakes are most often consumed on their own, as opposed to with condiments (such as butter or cream). Fruit cake is different to fruit bread, but may share similar toppings and mixtures.
M7 highway (Russia)
The Russian Route M7 (also known as the Volga Highway) is a major trunk road running from Moscow through Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod to Kazan in Tatarstan, formerly continue to Ufa in Bashkortostan. It generally follows the route of the historic Vladimirka road and, to a large extent, forms part of the European route E22. The section from Yelabuga to Ufa is also part of European route E017.

On 1 November 2023, Russian Federal Government announced to shorten the M7 highway to Kazan, by 31 December 2024. The cut section will be altered to parts of M12 from Shali, Kazan to Diltuli; R240 from Diltuli to Ufa; and R243 for the branch section to either Izhevsk or Perm.

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
Eric Cock
Eric Francis Cock (1 July 1902 – 24 May 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and for the Northcote Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

Leo Wescott
Henry David 'Leo' Wescott (8 July 1900 – 25 February 1970) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Wescott was a back pocket specialist and started his career at Collingwood in 1922. He played in the Collingwood premiership sides of 1927 and 1929.

Wescott was captain-coach of Dimboola's 1928 Wimmera Football League's premiership team.

In 1930 he moved to Tasmania where he played for Longford in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association, winning the Tasman Shields Trophy for the competition's Best and Fairest player. He returned to Collingwood in 1931 before playing his last game for the Magpies at the end of the 1932 season.

After a season at Kyneton, Wescott spent five years as captain-coach Prahran and steered them to the 1937 premiership. He finished his coaching career with a stint at Sandringham.
13062 Podarkes
13062 Podarkes /pəˈdɑːrkiːz/ is a mid-sized Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 29 kilometers (18 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 April 1991, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory, California. The dark Jovian asteroid is the principal body of the proposed Podarkes family. It was named after Podarkes from Greek mythology.

Eugene Merle Shoemaker
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy. This comet hit Jupiter in July 1994: the impact was televised around the world. Shoemaker also studied terrestrial craters, such as Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, and along with Edward Chao provided the first conclusive evidence of its origin as an impact crater. He was also the first director of the United States Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program.

He was killed in a car accident while visiting an impact crater site in Australia. After his death, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.
Okram
Okram is a Meitei family name.
Notable people with this surname are:

Okram Ibobi Singh, Indian politician and former chief minister of Manipur

Okram Bikram Singh, Indian male track cyclist

Okram Henry Singh, Indian politician

Okram Roshini Devi, Indian women footballer

Surjakumar Okram, Indian politician

Yumnak
Yumnak is a family name (Sagei)  In the Meetei society, and they speak Meetei Language. The name Yamunak as Pronounced "yoom-naak". Ethnic yumnaks are used in the Meetei /Meitei community including the Meitei Pangal and Meitei Bamon (Manipuri Brahmin).

The Meitei community lie largely in the Northeast India, mainly in Manipur, Next in Assam, Tripura and a few in Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya. Some live in Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Thomas Kipling
Thomas Kipling (1745 or 1746 – 28 January 1822) was a British churchman and academic.

He entered St John's College, Cambridge University in 1764 at age 18 and was senior wrangler in 1768.  He received an M.A. in 1771, a B.D. in 1779, and a D.D. in 1784. He was Boyle Lecturer in 1792, and Master of the Temple in 1797.  He was a Deputy Regius Professor of Divinity from 1787 to 1802, and Dean of Peterborough from 1798 to 1822.

Kipling was active as a prosecutor against William Frend for the latter's Unitarian views.

Dean of Peterborough
The Dean of Peterborough is the head of the chapter at Peterborough Cathedral. On the Dissolution of Peterborough Abbey in 1539 and the abbey-church's refoundation as a cathedral for the new bishop and diocese of Peterborough, care for the abbey/cathedral church passed from an abbot to a dean. The current Dean of Peterborough is Chris Dalliston.
Sh 2-78
Sh 2-78 is a planetary nebula in Aquila.

It was discovered by Stewart Sharpless while assembling his catalogue, and identified as a planetary nebula in 1990. It has a central star with a magnitude of 17. The central star is a variable star, with a variability of 0.3 in magnitude.

Aquila (constellation)
Aquila is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for 'eagle' and it represents the bird that carried Zeus/Jupiter's thunderbolts in Greek-Roman mythology.

Its brightest star, Altair, is one vertex of the Summer Triangle asterism. The constellation is best seen in the northern summer, as it is located along the Milky Way. Because of this location, many clusters and nebulae are found within its borders, but they are dim and galaxies are few.
Blakehurst
Blakehurst is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 18 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Georges River Council. It is part of the St George area.

Blakehurst is connected to Sylvania, in the Sutherland Shire, to the south, by Tom Uglys Bridge over the Georges River. Tom Uglys Point is the southernmost part. The eastern border runs along Kogarah Bay and the western border runs along Kyle Bay.

Georges River Council
Georges River Council is a local government area located in the St George region of Sydney located south of the Sydney CBD, in New South Wales, Australia.  The Council was formed on 12 May 2016 from the merger of the Hurstville City Council and Kogarah City Council.

The Council comprises an area of 38.36 square kilometres (14.81 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had a population of 152,274.

The mayor of Georges River Council is Elise Borg, who was elected by the council on 14 October 2024.
Symphony No. 2 (Lutosławski)
The Symphony No. 2 by the Polish composer Witold Lutosławski is an orchestral composition in two movements written between 1965 and 1967.  The work exhibits Lutosławski's technique of "limited aleatoricism", where the individual instrumental parts are notated exactly, but their precise co-ordination is organised using controlled elements of chance.

Pitch (music)
Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale. 
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has been instrumental in forming and testing theories of sound representation, processing, and perception in the auditory system.
Gush Etzion Junction
Gush Etzion Junction (Hebrew: צומת גוש עציון, romanized: Tzomet HaGush Etzion), also known simply as Gush Junction, is a 120-dunam (0.12 km2; 0.046 sq mi) business, commercial and tourism center in the southern West Bank, which serves as the entry point to the Gush Etzion bloc of settlements. It is administered by the Gush Etzion Regional Council.

Long known as a "congenial meeting spot for Israelis and Palestinians," in the autumn of 2015 the junction was the site of about ten Palestinian attacks against Israelis.

Gush Etzion Regional Council
The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית גוש עציון, Mo'atza Azorit Gush Etzion) is a regional council in the northern Judean Hills, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. The headquarters are located adjacent to Alon Shvut.

The current mayor of the Council is Yaron Rosenthal, elected in 2024.

In August 2021, Rabbi Yosef Zvi Rimon was elected Chief Rabbi of the Gush Etzion Regional Council.
2024 Challenger de Santiago
The 2024 Challenger de Santiago was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santiago, Chile between 11 and 17 March 2024.

Challenger ATP Cachantún Cup
The Challenger de Santiago, known as Challenger de Santiago Dove Men+Care (formerly known as the Copa USS, Cachantún Open by KIA and the Cachantún Cup), is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Providencia, Chile, from 2005 to 2009. The tournament was then moved to Vitacura, Santiago Metropolitan Region. The October 2021 editions were played at the Club Palestino in Las Condes.
Airway (aviation)
Airways, air routes or flight paths are designated routes which aeroplanes fly to aid in navigation and help with separation to avoid accidents.

Airways are defined with segments within a specific altitude block, corridor width, and between fixed geographic coordinates for satellites navigation system, or between ground-based radio transmitter navigational aids (navaids; such as VORs or NDBs) or the intersection of specific radials of two navaids.

Flight level
In aviation, a flight level (FL) is an aircraft's altitude as determined by a pressure altimeter using the International Standard Atmosphere. It is expressed in hundreds of feet or metres. The altimeter setting used is the ISA sea level pressure of 1013 hPa or 29.92 inHg. The actual surface pressure will vary from this at different locations and times. Therefore, by using a standard pressure setting, every aircraft has the same altimeter setting, and vertical clearance can be maintained during cruise flight.
Fredson Paixão
Fredson Paixão Melo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfɾɛdʒisõ pajˈʃɐ̃w]; born May 13, 1979) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner. He has competed as a featherweight the UFC, WEC, Deep, and Jungle Fight. He is also a world champion in Brazilian jiu-jitsu.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Emily Colton
Emily Margaret Colton (born June 23, 2003) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for USL Super League team DC Power FC. She played college soccer for the North Carolina Tar Heels and the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, helping both teams to national title game appearances.

2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship
The 2022 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship was the 11th edition of the CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship, the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONCACAF for the women's under-20 national teams of the North, Central American and Caribbean region. Same as previous edition, the tournament featured 20 teams and was held in the Dominican Republic, between 25 February and 12 March 2022.

The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and joined host nation Costa Rica as the CONCACAF representatives.
Peel Monument, Ramsbottom
The Peel Monument at Ramsbottom, Greater Manchester, England, is one of two monuments in the area erected in memory of Prime Minister and founder of the police force Robert Peel, who was born in Bury. It is on Holcombe Moor near Ramsbottom, 1100 feet (335 metres) above sea level. and the monument is known locally as Holcombe Tower or Peel Tower.

Construction began soon after Peel's death in 1850, and the monument was officially opened on 9 September 1852. It cost £1000 to build and is 128 feet (39 m) tall.

Holcombe, Greater Manchester
Holcombe is a village in Ramsbottom ward, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. It is situated south of Haslingden, east of Edgworth, west of Ramsbottom, and north of Tottington. The name comes from the Celtic cwm meaning valley, and the Old English hol, meaning deep or hollow.