hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zhaman Sarysu
The Zhaman Sarysu (Kazakh: Жаман Сарысу) is a river in the Zhanaarka District, Ulytau Region, and Shet District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan. It has a length of 155 km (96 mi) and a drainage basin of 9,200 km2 (3,600 sq mi).

It is one of the most important tributaries of the Sarysu. The city of Zhanaarka is located 1 km (0.62 mi) to the east of the mouth of the river. The valley is used as pasture for local cattle.

Ulytau Region
Ulytau Region (Kazakh: Ұлытау облысы, romanized: Ūlytau oblysy) is a region of Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the region is the city of Jezkazgan. The area split off from Karaganda Region in 2022.

The region's borders roughly correspond to the western half of the old Jezkazgan Region which was liquidated in 1997 and merged with Karaganda Region.
Statues of Wallace and Gromit
The statues of Wallace and Gromit are a bronze sculptural group in Preston, Lancashire, England, at the corner of Earl and Market Streets at the entrance to the Covered Market. Installed in 2021, the work depicts the titular characters from Wallace & Gromit, the claymation franchise created by Preston-born animator Nick Park and produced by Aardman Animations. A companion statue of Feathers McGraw was added nearby in 2025.

Covered Market, Preston
The Covered Market in Earl Street, Preston, Lancashire, England is a Grade II listed landmark structure built 1870-75.

After three aborted attempts to start the project in the early 1800s, and a serious construction accident in 1870 that set back progress, the covered market was finished in 1875.  Since then, new buildings have been added to the market and it has been modernized several times.
Estadio Santa Bárbara
Estadio Santa Bárbara is a Spanish rugby union and football stadium. It is located in Llaranes, at south-east of Avilés (Asturias).

It was built for the sports use by the ENSIDESA employees in 1958 and was the home stadium of Club Deportivo Ensidesa, as Estadio Juan Muro de Zaro, named after an ENSIDESA economist who was the only chairman of the club. Between 1990 and 1999 it was also the playing field of Real Avilés Club de Fútbol.

Real Avilés Industrial CF
Real Avilés Industrial Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Avilés, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1903 it plays in Primera Federación – Group 1, holding home matches at Estadio Román Suárez Puerta, with an approximate capacity of 5,400 seats.
Ding Yi Music Company
Ding Yi Music Company (鼎艺团; previously known as Arts Sphere Chamber Ensemble), is a Singapore-based Chinese chamber music ensemble, founded in 2007. Its musicians include both full-time and part-time members, many of whom trained at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts (NAFA). The ensemble’s repertoire spans traditional Chinese music, contemporary avant-garde works, and cross-genre collaborations.

Ding Yi has been named "one of Singapore’s most dynamic and successful ensembles". Their performances have been described as "inspirational and aspirational" and their music "invigorating and inspiring".

Jun Yi Chow
JunYi Chow (赵俊毅) is a music composer born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Chow's music has been performed in many places, including Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, United States, and Canada. As a pianist and cellist, Chow plays Classical repertoire as well as free improvisations with musicians in KL, Beijing, and New York City.
Eastern Shore Hospital Center
The Eastern Shore Hospital Center is a 76-bed psychiatric facility that is located in Cambridge, Maryland.  It is owned and operated by the State of Maryland, under the Maryland Department of Health.  Levels of care provided include acute and long-term inpatient psychiatric hospital services for adults aged 18 and older.  The center also operates an on-site 16-bed residential Assisted Living Program that is known as Stepping Stone at Manokin.  The 40-bed Upper Shore Community Mental Health Center, a psychiatric hospital that was located in Chestertown, and the Eastern Shore Hospital Center were jointly administered for a number of years.  The Upper Shore Community Mental Health Center was closed in March 2010.

Cambridge, Maryland
Cambridge is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 13,096 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dorchester County and the county's largest municipality. Cambridge is the fourth most populous city in Maryland's Eastern Shore region, after Salisbury, Elkton and Easton.
Grotten
Grotten (Norwegian, 'Grotto')  is a nineteenth-century building (1823) located on the premises of the Royal Palace in the city centre of Oslo, Norway. Grotten is an honorary residence owned by the Norwegian state.

Royal Palace, Oslo
The Royal Palace (Norwegian: Slottet or Det kongelige slott) in Oslo was built in the first half of the 19th century as the Norwegian residence of the French-born Charles XIV John, who reigned as king of Norway and Sweden. The palace is the official residence of the current Norwegian monarch while the crown prince resides at Skaugum in Asker west of Oslo.

The palace is located at the end of Karl Johans gate in central Oslo and is surrounded by the Palace Park with the Palace Square in the front.
Giovanni Faber
Giovanni Faber (or Johann Faber, sometimes also known as Fabri or Fabro; 1574–1629) was a German papal doctor, botanist and art collector, originally from Bamberg in Bavaria, who lived in Rome from 1598. He was curator of the Vatican botanical garden, a member and the secretary of the Accademia dei Lincei. He acted throughout his career as a political broker between Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and Rome. He was a friend of fellow Linceian Galileo Galilei and the German painters in Rome, Johann Rottenhammer and Adam Elsheimer. He has also been credited with inventing the name "microscope".

Federico Cesi
Federico Angelo Cesi (Italian: [fedeˈriːko ˈandʒelo ˈtʃɛːzi]; 26 February 1585 – 1 August 1630) was an Italian scientist, naturalist, and founder of the Accademia dei Lincei. On his father's death in 1630, he became briefly lord of Acquasparta.
Guido Santórsola
Guido Antonio Santórsola di Bari Bruno (18 November 1904 in Canosa di Puglia, Italy – 24 September 1994 in Montevideo, Uruguay) was a Brazilian-Uruguayan composer, violinist, violist, viola d'amore player, and conductor of Italian birth.

Bandoneon
The bandoneon (Spanish: bandoneón) or bandonion is a type of concertina particularly popular in Argentina and Uruguay, used in most tango ensembles. As with other members of the concertina family, it is held between the hands, and played by pulling and pushing air through bellows, routing it through sets of tuned metal reeds by pressing the instrument's buttons. Unlike most accordions, bandoneons always employ the same sets of reeds to produce their sound, and do not usually have the register switches common on accordions. Nevertheless, the bandoneon can be played very expressively, using various bellows pressures and other techniques. The left and right hand have different timbres due to the wooden box on the left side which gives the left hand a nasal and muted timbre, in contrast with the right hand which is usually bright and sharp.
Hakim's Bookstore
Hakim's Bookstore, established in 1959 as Hakim's House of Knowledge Bookstore, is the first and oldest Black-owned bookstore in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is located at 210 S 52nd Street in West Philadelphia.

The store was designated as a Pennsylvania historic landmark in 2023.

West Philadelphia
West Philadelphia, nicknamed West Philly, is a section of the city of Philadelphia. It has no officially defined boundaries, but is generally considered to be west of the Schuylkill River between City Avenue in the northwest, Cobbs Creek in the southwest, and the SEPTA Media/Wawa Line in the south. An alternate definition includes all city land west of the Schuylkill, thus including Southwest Philadelphia and its neighborhoods.  The eastern side of West Philadelphia is also known as University City.
Auténticos Tigres UANL football
The Auténticos Tigres UANL (English: UANL Authentic Tigers) team represents the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL) in college football. The Auténticos Tigres compete in the Jacinto Licea Conference, ONEFA's top division.

UANL has won two National Championships: in 1974 and 1977, and six ONEFA championships (2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2018).

The team plays in the Estadio Gaspar Mass, although occasionally also in the larger Estadio Universitario. Since 2016 Antonio Zamora is the UANL's head coach.

Instituto Politécnico Nacional
The National Polytechnic Institute (Spanish: Instituto Politécnico Nacional), abbreviated IPN, is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 171,581 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It was ranked third in Mexico, behind Tecnológico de Monterrey and UNAM and 246th in the Engineering and Technology category in 2025 by QS World University Rankings. It was founded on 1 January 1936 during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas.

The institute consists of 98 academic units offering 290 courses of study. It includes 57 technical careers, 79 undergraduate and 154 postgraduate programs. Its main campus, called 'Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos' or 'Zacatenco', located in northern Mexico City, covers approximately 530 acres (2.1 km2) .

The IPN is based primarily in Mexico City, but with several research institutes and facilities distributed over 22 states.
2009 J.League Cup
The 2009 J.League Cup, more widely known as the 2009 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup, was the 34th edition of Japan soccer league cup tournament and the 17th edition under the current J.League Cup format. The championship started on March 25, 2009 and ended on November 3, with F.C. Tokyo defeating Kawasaki Frontale 2-0 in the Final. They qualified for the 2010 Suruga Bank Championship.

Teams from the 2009 J.League Division 1 took part in the tournament. Kashima Antlers, Kawasaki Frontale, Nagoya Grampus and Gamba Osaka were given a bye to the quarter-final due to the qualification for the AFC Champions League group stage. The rest of 14 started from the group stage, which divided them into two groups. The group winners and the runners-up of each group qualified for the quarter-final along with the four teams which qualified for the AFC Champions League.

2009 J.League Division 1
The 2009 J.League Division 1 season was the 45th season of the top-flight club football in Japan and the 17th season since the establishment of J.League Division 1. The season started on March 7 and ended on December, 5.

A total of eighteen clubs participated in double round-robin format.  At the end of the season, top three clubs received automatic qualification to the following years' AFC Champions League.  Also starting this season, the bottom three clubs were relegated to J.League Division 2 by default.

Kashima Antlers became the first Japanese club win J.League Division 1 in three straight seasons.
Timeline of Amazon history
This is a timeline of Amazon's history, which dates back at least 11 thousand years, when humans left indications of their presence in Caverna da Pedra Pintada.

Here is a brief timeline of historical events in the Amazon River valley.

Napo River
The Napo River (Spanish: Río Napo) is a tributary to the Amazon River that rises in Ecuador on the flanks of the east Andean volcanoes of Antisana, Sincholagua and Cotopaxi.

The total length is 1,075 km (668 mi). The river drains an area of ca 103,000 km2. The mean annual discharge at Mazán 6,800 m3/s (240,000 cu ft/s).
Ontario Highway 5A
Ontario Highway 5A (1937–1953), as a former Connecting Link in the Ontario Provincial Highway Network, bypassed portions of Ontario Highway 5 within what is now Toronto. There were two discontinuous segments:

Dundas Street, Scarlett Road, and St. Clair Avenue from Highway 5 (Islington) eastward to Highway 11 (Yonge Street, Toronto).

Eglinton Avenue from Victoria Park Avenue (then Dawes Road, Scarborough) eastward to Ontario Highway 2 (Kingston Road); renumbered as Highway 109 in 1953.

Eglinton Avenue
Eglinton Avenue is a major east–west arterial thoroughfare in Toronto and Mississauga in the Canadian province of Ontario. The street begins at Highway 407 (but does not interchange with the tollway) at the western limits of Mississauga, as a continuation of Lower Baseline in Milton. It traverses the midsection of both cities and ends at Kingston Road. Eglinton Avenue is the only street to cross all six former cities and boroughs of Metropolitan Toronto.

The Toronto section was surveyed in the 19th century as the Fourth Concession Road (with the first being Queen Street). It was historically known as Richview Sideroad in Etobicoke and Lower Baseline in Mississauga. It was also designated Highway 5A (and later Highway 109) in Scarborough.
Ernesto Lomasti
Ernesto Luigi Lomasti (29 October 1959 – 12 June 1979) was an Italian mountaineer and alpino skier. He is regarded as one of the Italian pioneers of climbing as a sport. He died during training in the Valle d'Aosta, Arnad, in the local alpini training place called "la groviera" (the holey cheese), he fell apparently being struck by lightning. He is also remembered for techniques on the Machaby pillar, in Arnad, in May 1979. The pillar today is named Lomasti pillar.

Julian Alps
The Julian Alps (Slovene: Julijske Alpe, Italian: Alpi Giulie, Venetian: Alpe Jułie, Friulian: Alps Juliis, German: Julische Alpen) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretches from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large part of the Julian Alps is included in Triglav National Park. The second highest peak of the range, the 2,755 m high Jôf di Montasio, lies in Italy.

The Julian Alps cover an estimated 4,400 km2 (of which 1,542 km2 lies in Italy). They are located between the Sava Valley and Canale Valley. They are divided into the Eastern and Western Julian Alps.
Xu Chu
Xu Chu (pronunciationⓘ) (died c. 230), courtesy name Zhongkang, was a Chinese military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period of China. He started his career as a bodyguard to the warlord Cao Cao and later became a general in the state of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He was described to be a big and strong man, yet simple minded and honest, so he was nicknamed "Tiger Fool" by his men. After his death, he was posthumously honoured with the title "Marquis Zhuang", which literally means "robust marquis".

Records of the Three Kingdoms
The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (c. 184 – 220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regarded as to be the authoritative source text for these periods. Compiled following the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty (266–420), the work chronicles the political, social, and military events within rival states Cao Wei, Shu Han and Eastern Wu into a single text organized by individual biography.

The Records are the primary source of information for the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, considered to be one of the four classic novels emblematic of written vernacular Chinese.

While large subsections of the work have been selected and translated into English, the entire corpus has yet to receive an unabridged English translation.
HR 9038
HR 9038 is a triple star system located 35 light-years away, in the constellation Cepheus. Component A is a spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 7.753 days and a combined stellar classification of K3 V. Component B is a red dwarf star that orbits the primary pair every 290 years.

Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.
Saudi Arabian Military Forces
The Saudi Arabian Military Forces (SAMF; Arabic: ‎القوات العسكرية العربية السعودية, romanized: Al-Quwwat al-Askariyah Arabīyah as-Su’ūdiyah) is the umbrella term for all the military forces of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although militarized in nature, each is independent of the other in that they fall under the control of different ministries and/or chain of command. They include: the Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia (under the Ministry of Defense), the Saudi Arabian National Guard (under the Ministry of National Guard), the Saudi Arabian Border Guard (under the Ministry of Interior), the Saudi Arabian Royal Guard (under the Presidency of the Royal Guard), the Special Operations Forces (under the Presidency of State Security), and the Special Security Unit (affiliated with the General Intelligence Presidency).

The King of Saudi Arabia is the supreme commander of all military forces. The current king is Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.

Dammam
Dammam (Arabic: الدمام, romanized: ad-Dammām) is an industrial port city and the seat of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Located on the coast of the Arabian Gulf, it had a population of 1,386,166 as of 2022, making it the country's fifth-largest city after Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, and Medina. Dammam forms the core of the Dammam metropolitan area, also known as Greater Dammam, which includes the neighboring governorates of Khobar and Qatif. As of 2022, the metropolitan area's population was 2,743,318, making it the third-largest in the country.
Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road
Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road is a controlled-access toll road in East Java, Indonesia. This 13.6 kilometers (8.5 mi) highway connects Gempol and  with Pandaan of Pasuruan Regency. The toll road was opened in May 2015. This toll road is a continuation of the Surabaya–Porong Toll Road that will be connected to Pandaan-Malang Toll Road. This toll was built to help lessen the traffic congestion on the existing inter-city roads connecting Surabaya and Malang.

Pandaan–Malang Toll Road
Pandaan–Malang Toll Road is a controlled-access toll road in East Java, Indonesia. This 38.48-kilometre (23.91 mi) highway connects Malang city with Pandaan of Pasuruan Regency. The toll road will reduce traffic movement of arterial roads and national roads, which facilitates industrial transportation to Malang and Batu city. The toll road reduced the travel time of Pandaan-Pasuruan-Malang to less than an hour.
Haworthiopsis tessellata
Haworthiopsis tessellata, formerly Haworthia tessellata, is a species of the genus Haworthiopsis belonging to the family Asphodelaceae. It has been considered a subspecies of its close relative, Haworthiopsis venosa.

Haworthiopsis
Haworthiopsis is a genus of succulent plants in the subfamily Asphodeloideae. The genus was previously included in Haworthia. Species in the genus are typically short perennial plants, with leaves often arranged in a rosette and frequently having raised white markings. The two-lipped flowers are borne on a tall stalk and are small – less than 17 mm (0.7 in) long – and pale in colour. Many species are cultivated as house plants or by succulent enthusiasts.
Token Ring
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based access methods.

Following its introduction, Token Ring technology became widely adopted, particularly in corporate environments, but was gradually eclipsed by newer iterations of Ethernet. The last formalized Token Ring standard that was completed was Gigabit Token Ring (IEEE 802.5z), published on May 4, 2001.

Frame (networking)
A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunications. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure supporting time-division multiplexing.

A frame typically includes frame synchronization features consisting of a sequence of bits or symbols that indicate to the receiver the beginning and end of the payload data within the stream of symbols or bits it receives. If a receiver is connected to the system during frame transmission, it ignores the data until it detects a new frame synchronization sequence.
Wolfgang Reinhold
Wolfgang Reinhold (16 April 1923 - 2 September 2012) was a German Colonel General. He was a Deputy Minister of Defence and, between 1972 and 1989, head of the Kommando LSK/LV (Airforce branch) of the National People's Army in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
The Western Group of Forces (WGF), previously known as the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOFG) and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG) were the troops of the Soviet Army in East Germany. The Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany was formed after the end of World War II in Europe from units of the 1st and 2nd Belorussian Fronts. The group helped suppress the East German uprising of 1953. After the end of occupation functions in 1954 the group was renamed the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. The group represented Soviet interests in East Germany during the Cold War. Before changes in Soviet foreign policy during the early 1990s, the group shifted to a more offensive role and in 1989 became the Western Group of Forces. They remained in the eastern part of Germany after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification until 1994.
Outline of Mayotte
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mayotte

Mayotte – overseas department of France located in the Comoros Archipelago in the Indian Ocean.  The department comprises the main island of Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique.  The territory is geographically part of the Comoro Islands, but has been politically separate since the 1970s. The territory is also known as Mahoré, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of Comoros.

Politics of Mayotte
The politics of Mayotte takes place in a framework of a French overseas region and department, which until 2011 was an overseas collectivity.

Local politics takes place in a parliamentary representative democratic setting, whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.

The status of Mayotte changed in 2001 towards one very close to the status of the départements of mainland France, with the particular designation of collectivité départementale, although the island is still claimed by the Comoros. This change was approved by 73% in a referendum on Mayotte. After the constitutional reform of 2003 it became a collectivité d'outre-mer while keeping the title collectivité départementale de Mayotte.