hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephan König
Stephan König (born 4 October 1963) is a German composer, pianist and conductor. He is the musical director of the "LeipJAZZig-Orkester" and the chamber orchestra "artentfaltung" and is considered one of the most authoritative Jazz musicians in Leipzig.

Gymnasium St. Augustine
Gymnasium St. Augustine in Grimma (Gymnasium St. Augustin zu Grimma, historically known as Landes- und Fürstenschule Grimma is the only regular gymnasium offering boarding in Saxony.  It is heavily steeped in tradition as one of the foremost schools in the country. Founded in 1550 as one of the three Fürstenschulen in Saxony, it has prepared young people for university studies since then.
Marem Arapkhanova
Marem Akhmetovna Arapkhanova (Russian: Марем Ахметовна Арапханова; Ingush: Арапхананаькъан Марем, romanized: Arapkhananakan Marem; 20 April 1963 – 26 September 2002) was a primary school teacher in Ingushetia who was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation for taking on Chechen militants under the command of Ruslan Gelayev during the invasion of Galashki. She is the first Caucasian woman awarded the title.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Friedrich von Matthisson
Friedrich von Matthisson (23 January 1761 – 12 March 1831) was a German poet, an early member of the German Romantic movement. His best known poem is probably Adelaide, which was set to music by Beethoven.

New American Cyclopædia
The New American Cyclopædia was an encyclopedia created and published by D. Appleton & Company of New York in 16 volumes, which initially appeared between 1858 and 1863. Its primary editors were George Ripley and Charles Anderson Dana.

The New American Cyclopædia was revised and republished as the American Cyclopædia in 1873.
Gromada Osiek
Gromada Osiek is a former gromada (a type of administrative unit)  in communist Poland between September 29, 1954 to December 31, 1972 It replaced the previously existing subdivision into gminas, replacing the former  Gmina Osiek and including several previously existing gromadas: Osiek, Dębowo, Obórki, Jeziórki, Wrzeszewo, Łapinóż and Kolonia Osiek.

Gromadzka National Council was the executive organ of the gromada.

As of 29 September 1952 Gromada Osiek consisted of 10 villages: Długołęka, Kąty, Lipnik, Łęg, Mikołajów, Mucharzów, Osieczko, Osiek, Pliskowola and Suchowola. As of 1 July 1952 the gmina Osiek consisted of 14 gromadas: Długołęka, Grabowiec, Kąty, Lipnik, Łęg, Mikołajów, Mucharzów, Osieczko, Osiek, Pliskowola, Strzegom, Suchowola, Wiązownica Mała and Wiązownica Wielka.

Długołęka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Długołęka (Polish pronunciation: [dwuɡɔˈwɛŋka]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Osiek, 24 km (15 mi) east of Staszów, and 75 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Subjectification (linguistics)
In historical (or diachronic) linguistics, subjectification (also known as subjectivization or subjectivisation) is a language change process in which a linguistic expression acquires meanings that convey the speaker's attitude or viewpoint. An English example is the word while, which, in Middle English, had only the sense of 'at the same time that'. It later acquired the meaning of 'although', indicating a concession on the part of the speaker ("While it could use a tune-up, it's a good bike.").

This is a pragmatic-semantic process, which means that inherent as well as contextual meanings of the given expression are considered. Subjectification is realized in lexical and grammatical change. It is also of interest to cognitive linguistics and pragmatics.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Edit Vári
Edit Vári (born May 31, 1975 in Mosonmagyaróvár) is a Hungarian sprint hurdler. At age thirty-three, Vari made her official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's 100 m hurdles. She ran in the third heat against seven other athletes, including Australia's Sally McLellan, who later won the silver medal in the final. She finished the heat in last place by three hundredths of a second (0.03) behind Greece's Flora Redoumi, with a slowest possible time of 13.59 seconds. Vari, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she placed thirty-sixth overall, and was ranked below two mandatory slots for the next round.

Sally Pearson
Sally Pearson, OAM (née McLellan; born 19 September 1986) is a retired Australian athlete who competed in the 100 metre hurdles. She is the 2011 and 2017 World champion and 2012 Olympic champion in the 100 metres hurdles. She also won a silver medal in the 100 m hurdles at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2013 World Championships.
Roger Pogoy
Roger Ray Bacusma Pogoy (born June 16, 1992) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the TNT Tropang 5G of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He won a championship in high school then played for Far Eastern University, where he won a championship in his final year there.

Pogoy was then drafted by TNT in the 2016 PBA draft from the national team training pool. He was named Rookie of the Year in 2017. He became a five-time PBA All-Star, a Mythical Team member in 2019, and a four-time PBA champion.

He has also represented the Philippines national team in international competitions. He first played for the national team in the SEABA Stankovic Cup in 2016. Since then, he has played in two FIBA World Cups (2019 and 2023) and other tournaments at the Asian and Southeast Asian levels. At the 2021 Southeast Asian Games, he won a silver medal.

Phoenix Fuel Masters
The Phoenix Super LPG Fuel Masters, or simply known as the Phoenix Fuel Masters, are a professional basketball team owned by Phoenix Petroleum Philippines, Inc., which debuted in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) in the 2016 Commissioner's Cup. The franchise began after the company acquired the second Barako Bull team in January 2016.
Numonia gens
The gens Numonia, occasionally written Nummonia, was a minor plebeian family at Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in the early years of the Empire. Few if any of the Numonii held any Roman magistracies.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Miss Ecuador 2014
Miss Ecuador 2014, the 64th Miss Ecuador pageant, was held on March 15, 2014. Constanza Báez from Pichincha crowned her successor Alejandra Argudo from Manabí as Miss Ecuador 2014. It was broadcast on Gama TV.

The winner represented Ecuador at Miss Universe 2014, while the first runner-up participated in Miss International 2014 and the second runner-up competed in Miss Supranational 2014. The other finalists entered in various minor international pageants.

Although it was planned to be streamed over Xbox Live to Ecuadorian communities abroad, this arrangement was cancelled to avoid interrupting Titanfall players from their games.

Miss International 2014
Miss International 2014 was the 54th Miss International pageant, held at the Grand Prince Hotel Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan, on November 11, 2014. It was organized by the International Cultural Association.

Bea Santiago of the Philippines crowned Valerie Hernández of Puerto Rico as her successor at the end of the event.

Miss International beauty pageant is aimed at promoting "Love Peace and Excitement to the World". The contestants of the pageant are expected to serve as "Ambassadors of Peace and Beauty", serving tenderness, generosity, friendship, beauty, intelligence and a great international sensibility.
Stafford Rural District
Stafford Rural District was a rural district in the county of Staffordshire.  It was created in 1894 and abolished in 1974 by virtue of the Local Government Act 1972.  On formation it contained the following civil parishes:

In 1934 Chartley Holme, Worston and Yarlet were removed whilst Church Eaton, Forton, Gnosall and High Offley were added.

Forton, Staffordshire
Forton is a small village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, situated east of the market town of Newport, Shropshire. The civil Parish population at the 2011 census was 308.

It is situated around Forton Hall and the 14th century All Saints church, and is sited on the Roman road Via Devana and the modern A519 road between Newport and Newcastle-under-Lyme.

Forton Hall was built by Edwin Skrymsher of Norbury Manor, Eccleshall, at the end of the 17th century and is situated adjacent to the church of All Saints.  In 1729 five new bells were given to the church. The most prominent monument is the alabaster tomb of Thomas Skrymsher (died 1633), knight of Aqualate and his family.

There is a pub called The Swan.
2008 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
The 2008 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 21st edition of the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo, and was part of the Tier IV Series of the 2008 WTA Tour. It took place in Palermo, Italy, from 7 July until 13 July 2008.

Palermo Ladies Open
The Palermo Ladies Open, is a women's tennis tournament in Palermo, Italy that is played on outdoor clay courts at the Country Time Club. Since 2025, in its 36th edition, it became a WTA 125 event.

The first two editions were part of the Satellite Circuit, but since 1990 it has been part of the WTA Tour. In the past it has also been known as the "Palermo International" and the "Internazionali Femminili di Palermo." The tournament was categorized as either a WTA Tier IV or Tier V event from 1990 to 2008 and became an International Tournament in 2009. In 2014, the license for the event was sold to Kuala Lumpur's Malaysian Open for six years (contract for three years with an option for additional three). The tournament returned to Palermo in 2019 as a WTA International event, replacing Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open which was moved to the autumn calendar as part of the China Open series.
Featherwood Roman Camps
Featherwood Roman Camps are neighbouring archaeological sites in Northumberland, England, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Featherwood and about 3 miles (5 km) east of Byrness. The remains of two Roman camps, near Dere Street, are scheduled monuments.

Byrness
Byrness is a village within Rochester civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is approximately 37 miles (60 km) north-west of Newcastle upon Tyne on the A68, and is the last village in England before the A68 climbs the Cheviot Hills to cross Carter Bar into Scotland. Byrness's village church features a stained-glass window commemorating the workers who died during the building of Catcleugh Reservoir nearby. Much of the village was built by the Forestry Commission to house workers for the extensive forests that surround it. Situated on the Pennine Way, Byrness has an inn (Forest View), campsite and other accommodation offering rest and sustenance for weary walkers.
Maury Channel
The Maury Channel (75°41′N 094°30′W﻿ / ﻿75.683°N 94.500°W﻿ / 75.683; -94.500﻿ (Maury Channel)) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It separates Baillie-Hamilton Island (to the north) from Cornwallis Island (to the south). To the west it opens into Queens Channel and to the east into Wellington Channel.

Wellington Channel
The Wellington Channel (75°00′N 093°00′W﻿ / ﻿75.000°N 93.000°W﻿ / 75.000; -93.000﻿ (Wellington Channel)) (not to be confused with Wellington Strait) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It runs north–south, separating Cornwallis Island and Devon Island. Queens Channel lies to the west, separated by Baillie-Hamilton Island, Dundas Island, and Margaret Island.
Lisbeth Movin
Lisbeth Movin (25 August 1917 – 7 November 2011) was a Danish actress of stage and film best known for her role as Anne, the pastor's wife accused of witchcraft in the film Day of Wrath (1943) directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer. She also appeared as the widow in the screen adaptation of Babette's Feast (1987), directed by Gabriel Axel. She was the mother of actress Lone Lau.

Movin died on 7 November 2011 in Hillerød, Denmark, aged 94.

Gabriel Axel
Axel Gabriel Erik Mørch better known as Gabriel Axel (18 April 1918 – 9 February 2014) was a Danish film director, actor, writer and producer, best known for Babette's Feast (1987), which he wrote and directed.
Colorado State Highway 60
State Highway 60 (SH 60) is a state highway in Colorado that connects Campion, Johnstown and Milliken. SH 60's western terminus is at U.S. Route 287 (US 287) in Campion, and the eastern terminus is at US 85 in Houston.

U.S. Route 85 in Colorado
U.S. Route 85 (US 85) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from the Mexican border in El Paso, Texas, north to the Canadian border in Fortuna, North Dakota. In the state of Colorado, US 85 begins at the New Mexico state line south of Starkville and ends at the Wyoming state line south of Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Methylphosphinic acid
Methylphosphinic acid is a monobasic acid, the simplest of the phosphinic acids. A central phosphorus atom is connected to a hydroxy group, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group and an oxygen. Derivatives of methylphosphinic acid can have the phosphorus connected hydrogen atom replaced by other organic groups. In early days what is now called methylphosphonic acid was also called methylphosphinic acid.

Hypophosphorous acid
Hypophosphorous acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane  
and alcohols.  The formula for this acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2, which highlights its monoprotic character.  Salts derived from this acid are called hypophosphites.

HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2.  Sometimes the minor tautomer is called hypophosphorous acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.
Boris Petrovich Gavrilov
Boris Petrovich Gavrilov (Russian: Борис Петрович Гаврилов; 23 March 1944 – 	7 January 2006) was a Soviet rugby union player, who played for the national team. He was a Soviet Master of Sport.

He played for Fili rugby club, and was active in the 1970s.

Unified Sports Classification System of Russia
Unified All-Russian Sports Classification (Russian: Единая всероссийская спортивная классификация) is a system which regulates the Russian physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches.
2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
The 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification was the qualifying process that decided the 31 teams that would join hosts and debutants Qatar, who received an automatic spot, at the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

Parallel tournaments were organised by FIFA's six confederations. Qualification began on 6 June 2019 with several matches of the AFC zone, the first being between Mongolia and Brunei, and ended on 14 June 2022 with an inter-confederation play-off between Costa Rica and New Zealand. Mongolian player Norjmoogiin Tsedenbal netted the first goal.

In contrast to previous editions, there was no general preliminary draw, with confederations carrying out separate draws due to their differing timelines. The qualification process suffered numerous postponements from March 2020 onwards due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

FIFA World Cup qualifiers
The FIFA World Cup qualification is a set of competitive matches that a national association football team plays in order to qualify for one of the available berths at the final tournament of the men's FIFA World Cup.

Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones, each organized by their respective confederations: AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North and Central America and the Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe). For each World Cup, FIFA decides the number of places in the finals allocated to each of the zones, based on the numbers and relative strengths of the confederations' teams.

As a courtesy, the host receives an automatic berth selection, as has happened with the immediate past tournament winner during much of the competition's history. All other finalists are determined on a standalone qualifying round achievement without regard to previous achievements.
Mumiksaa
Mumiksaa (Inuktitut syllabics: ᒧᒥᒃᓵ) formerly Frechette Island is a member of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. Located in Tasiujaq at the mouth of Tay Sound, it is a long and narrow island, approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) off the Baffin Island coast. Qimivvik lies to its north.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Artie Cobb
Artie Cobb (born November 17, 1942) is an American professional poker player, based in Las Vegas, Nevada.  Cobb began playing poker in New York, where he is originally from, and would later move to Las Vegas in 1976.

World Series of Poker
The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Paradise, Nevada, and since 2004, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment. It dates its origins to 1970, when Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament, with a set start and stop time, and a winner determined by a secret ballot of the seven players.

As of 2020, the WSOP consists of 101 events, with most major poker variants featured. Events traditionally take place during one day or over several consecutive days during the series in June and July.

The 2024 WSOP was held at the Horseshoe and Paris Las Vegas, and saw record-breaking attendance for the Main Event tournament. In August 2024, Caesars Entertainment announced it had sold the WSOP brand to GGPoker operator NSUS Group for $500 million.
Nate Champion
Nathan D. Champion (September 29, 1857 – April 9, 1892) — known as Nate Champion — was a key figure in the Johnson County War of April 1892. Falsely accused by a wealthy Wyoming cattlemen's association of being a rustler, Champion was the first person targeted by a band of hit men hired by the wealthy cattle barons. In reality, Champion was simply a small rancher who stood up against the big cattlemen's practice of claiming all unbranded young cattle on the range. He is celebrated for his heroic stand in his besieged cabin and for a heartfelt letter written at the time describing the events.

Wyoming Stock Growers Association
The Wyoming Stock Growers Association (WSGA) is an American cattle organization that started in 1872 among Wyoming cattle ranchers to standardize and organize the cattle industry but quickly grew into a political force that has been called "the de facto territorial government" of Wyoming's organization into early statehood, and wielded great influence throughout the Western United States.

The WSGA is active to this day. It is best known for its rich history and is perhaps most famous for its role in Wyoming's Johnson County War, from 1889 to 1893.
Polish Aviation Museum
The Polish Aviation Museum (Polish: Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie) is a large museum of historic aircraft and aircraft engines in Kraków, Poland. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport.  This airfield, established by Austria-Hungary in 1912, is one of the oldest in the world.  The museum opened in 1964, after the airfield closed in 1963. It was listed among the world's best aviation museums by CNN.

For the first half century of its existence the museum used four hangars of the former airfield to display its exhibits.  These buildings were not originally designed for this purpose and suffered from various inadequacies, notably insufficient heating in winter. The situation improved when a new main building for the museum opened on 18 September 2010.

PZL-Mielec Lim-6
The Lim-6 (NATO reporting name Fresco) was a Polish attack aircraft used between 1961 and 1992 by the Polish Air Force. It was a variant of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17, which was produced in Poland as the Lim-5.