hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bertram Ramsay
Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay, KCB, KBE, MVO (20 January 1883 – 2 January 1945) was a Royal Navy officer.  He commanded the destroyer HMS Broke during the First World War. In the Second World War, he was responsible for the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 and planning and commanding the naval forces in the invasion of France in 1944.

Colchester Royal Grammar School
Colchester Royal Grammar School (CRGS) is a state-funded grammar school in Colchester, Essex. It was founded in 1128 and was later granted two royal charters -  by Henry VIII in 1539 and by Elizabeth I in 1584.

The school's main buildings and playing fields are located in the Lexden area of Colchester and there are around 950 pupils aged 11–18. Historically a boys' school, it has admitted girls to the sixth form since 1998 and specialises in science and languages. The school regularly tops national A-level league tables.
Orla Rosenhoff
Orla Albert Vilhelm Rosenhoff (1 October 1844 – 4 June 1905) was a Danish musician, the son of Caspar Claudius Rosenhoff, a  teacher.

Born in Copenhagen, Rosenhoff was a student of Adolph Lund and later of Niels Gade. When the music academy was established in 1867, Rosenhoff was the acting teacher of piano. He was later employed from 1881 to 1892 as a teacher of harmony, counterpoint and fugue. Teaching became Rosenhoff's life's work, and through it he exerted great influence on generations of Danish musicians, including Tekla Griebel-Wandall, Carl Nielsen and Hilda Sehested.

As a composer, he created works of chamber music (quintet, sextet), songs, piano pieces (including pedal studies), and two overtures for orchestra. He published three collections of exercises for use in music theory lessons.

Niels Gade
Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher. Together with Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he was the leading Danish musician of his day, in the period known as the Danish Golden Age.
Neuromedin N
Neuromedin N is a neuropeptide derived from the same precursor polypeptide as neurotensin, and with similar but subtly distinct expression and effects. Composed of the amino acid sequence Lys-Ile-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu, neuromedin N is homologous to neurotensin, both of whose sequences are found on the pro neurotensin/neuromedin N precursor C-terminus. Both sequences of neuromedin N as well as neurotensin are flanked by Lys-Arg amino acids, which comprise a consensus sequence for the endoprotease proprotein convertase. Neuromedin N is primarily synthesized in the neural and intestinal tissues of mammals; in studies performed in mice, neuromedin N's physiological effects were shown to include hypothermia and analgesia, arising from the peptide's ligand association to and interaction with neurotensin type 2 (NTS2) G protein-coupled receptors.

Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the gut, muscles, and heart.

Neuropeptides are synthesized from large precursor proteins which are cleaved and post-translationally processed then packaged into large dense core vesicles. Neuropeptides are often co-released with other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a single neuron, yielding a multitude of effects. Once released, neuropeptides can diffuse widely to affect a broad range of targets.

Neuropeptides are extremely ancient and highly diverse chemical messengers. Placozoans such as Trichoplax, extremely basal animals which do not possess neurons, use peptides for cell-to-cell communication in a way similar to the neuropeptides of higher animals.
Ecofascism
Ecofascism, sometimes spelled eco-fascism, is a term used to describe individuals and groups which combine environmentalism with fascism. In older literature eco-fascism was viewed as a hypothetical form of totalitarianism based on environmentalism. Since the 2010s, a number of individuals and groups have emerged that either self-identify as "ecofascist" or have been labelled as "ecofascist" by academic or journalistic sources. These individuals and groups synthesise radical far-right politics with environmentalism; they will typically argue that overpopulation is the primary threat to the environment and that the only solution is a complete halt to immigration or, at their most extreme, genocide against various groups and ethnicities. Many far-right political parties have added green politics to their platforms. Through the 2010s, ecofascism has also seen increasing support, and subsequently has seen increasing interest from researchers.

Bron Taylor
Bron Raymond Taylor (born 15 April 1955) is an American scholar and conservationist. He is professor of religion and nature at the University of Florida and has also been an affiliated scholar with the Center for Environment and Development at the University of Oslo. Taylor works principally in the areas of religion and ecology, environmental ethics and environmental philosophy. He is also a prominent historian and ethnographer of environmentalism and especially radical environmentalist movements, surfing culture and nature-based spiritualities. Taylor is also editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature and subsequently founded the International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, serving as its president from 2006 to 2009. He also founded the society's affiliated Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, serving as its editor since 2007.
Hispania Nova
Hispania Nova (Latin for "New Hispania") can mean:

Two Roman provinces
Hispania Nova Citerior Antoniniana ("New Hither Hispania of Antoninus"), established by Caracalla from a short time after 211 over the Gallaecian conventi of Bracara, Lucus and perhaps Asturica.
Hispania Nova Ulterior Tingitana ("New Yonder Hispania of Tangier"), the name set by Marcus Aurelius on Mauretania Tingitana when he linked it to Hispania instead of the Diocese of Africa

A Latinate name for New Spain (i.e. Mexico) as in the scientific name of the Neotropical bluet (Enallagma novaehispaniae).

Mauretania Tingitana
Mauretania Tingitana (Latin for "Tangerine Mauretania") was a Roman province, coinciding roughly with the northern part of present-day Morocco. The territory stretched from the northern peninsula opposite Gibraltar, to Sala Colonia (or Chellah) and Volubilis to the south, and as far east as the Mulucha (or Malva) river. Its capital city was Tingis, which is the modern Tangier. Other major cities of the province were Iulia Valentia Banasa, Septem, Rusadir, Lixus and Tamuda.
Duke Qing of Jin
Duke Qing of Jin (Chinese: 晉頃公; pinyin: Jìn Qǐng Gōng), personal name Ji Quji or Ji Qiji, was the ruler of the Jin state from 525 BC to 512 BC. He succeeded his father, Duke Zhao, who died in 526 BC.

In 520 BC, King Jing of Zhou died. The king's three sons – Crown Prince Gai, Prince Meng, and Prince Chao – fought each other for the Zhou throne. Jin's six major clans—Han (韓), Zhao (趙), Wei (魏), Fan (范), Zhonghang (中行), and Zhi (智)—intervened and assisted Crown Prince Gai ascend the Zhou throne.

In 514 BC, two smaller clans—Qi (祁) and Yangshe (羊舌)—were exterminated and the six major clans grew even more powerful.

Duke Qing reigned for 14 years and died in 512 BC. He was succeeded by his son, Duke Ding.

King Dao of Zhou
King Dao of Zhou (Chinese: 周悼王; pinyin: Zhōu Dào Wáng; died 520 BC), personal name Ji Meng, was a king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty.

Dao succeeded his father, King Jǐng. After a reign of less than a year, he was killed by his brother Prince Zhao (朝). Following King Dao's death, the throne passed to another of his brothers, King Jìng.
Philippe Hériat
Raymond Gérard Payelle (15 September 1898 – 10 October 1971), better known by his pseudonym Philippe Hériat, was a French novelist, playwright and actor. His most famous novels included Les Enfantes gâtés (The Spoiled Children), awarded the Prix Goncourt in 1939, and La Famille Boussardel, which won the Académie Goncourt in 1949.

Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française
The Grand Prix du roman is a French literary award, created in 1914, and given each year by the Académie Française. Along with the Prix Goncourt, the award is one of the oldest and most prestigious literary awards in France. The Académie Française gives out over 60 literary awards each year, and the Grand Prix du roman is the most senior for an individual novel.
1996 North Carolina Secretary of State election
The 1996 North Carolina Secretary of State election was held on November 5, concurrently with that year's U.S. presidential election, as well as elections for Governor, U.S. Senator, and Council of State. Attorney and former Democratic State Senator Elaine Marshall ran for the open Secretary of State position against stock car racer and former Randolph County commissioner known as "The King", Richard Petty. Marshall won the race.

Harry Payne (politician)
Harry E. Payne Jr. (born September 11, 1952) is an American politician from North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives for six terms and as North Carolina Commissioner of Labor for two terms. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Thigh gap
A thigh gap is a space between the inner thighs of some women when standing upright with knees touching.

In the 21st century, some people in the West have begun to consider the thigh gap a special feature of physical attractiveness and physical fitness in women.

In the United States, it was reported that among teenage girls, a gap had become a beauty ideal. Many women have found it difficult to achieve a thigh gap,  leading some to resort to extreme dieting or surgery in order to try to obtain it. Critics of the phenomenon have held that the thigh gap is a physical feature natural only for women with a certain type of body shape and bone structure that most women do not have.  An AFP article cites several American psychologists and sociologists, one a soi-disant "body image expert", who opine that attempts to attain what they deem an unattainable ideal come at the cost of problems of self-esteem that can lead to eating disorders.

Feminine beauty ideal
The feminine beauty ideal is a specific set of beauty standards regarding traits that are ingrained in women throughout their lives and from a young age to increase their perceived physical attractiveness. It is experienced by many women in the world, though the traits change over time and vary in country and culture.

The prevailing beauty standard for women is heteronormative, but the extent to which it has influenced lesbian and bisexual women is debated. The feminine beauty ideal traits include but are not limited to: female body shape, facial feature, skin tones, clothing style, hairstyle and body weight.

Handling the pressure to conform to particular definition of "beautiful" can have psychological effects on an individual, such as depression, eating disorders, body dysmorphia and low self-esteem that can start from an adolescent age and continue into adulthood.
Heckmondwike RFC
Heckmondwike was a semi-professional rugby league club based in Heckmondwike in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England.

The club played semi-professional rugby league for a total of 4 seasons and spent each of the seasons in the Yorkshire Senior Competition. They first became members of the Northern Rugby Football Union (now Rugby Football League) in 1896–97 and stayed for three seasons until 1898–99. After a two-year sojourn in the Yorkshire Second Competition, they returned to the Northern Rugby Football Union's Yorkshire Senior Competition in 1901–02 for a further single season.

At the end of the 1901–02 season the club left the league and changed sports to soccer.

1901–02 Northern Rugby Football Union season
The 1901–02 Northern Rugby Football Union season was the seventh season of rugby league football run by England's Northern Rugby Football Union.  A number of off-season changes made this season different from preceding ones. In June 1901 fourteen leading clubs from both Lancashire and Yorkshire resigned from their respective County Championships to form a new Northern Rugby Football League.
Namozine Creek
Namozine Creek is a 23.6-mile-long (38.0 km) stream in the U.S. state of Virginia. Rising in Nottoway County 6 miles (10 km) northeast of the town of Blackstone, Namozine Creek forms the boundary between Dinwiddie County to its southeast and Nottoway and Amelia counties to its west and northwest for nearly its entire length. The stream flows generally east-northeast, and joins the Appomattox River as a right-bank tributary at Lake Chesdin 13 miles (21 km) west of Petersburg. The Namozine Creek basin consists mostly of forest and farmland; US 460 through Dinwiddie closely follows the southern rim of the watershed for several miles, between Blackstone and Church Road.

Lake Chesdin
Lake Chesdin (also known as Chesdin Reservoir) is a lake in south-central Virginia, on the border of Chesterfield County and Dinwiddie County and going upstream into Amelia County.  It provides water and power to the region.  It is also a popular fishing area and is known to have great opportunities for largemouth bass.  It is also known to have populations of crappie, bluegill, walleye, striped bass, channel catfish, gizzard shad and white perch.
East Looe and West Looe (UK Parliament constituency)
East Looe and West Looe was a short-lived parliamentary borough represented in the First and Second Parliament of the Protectorate between 1654 and 1658. The borough had been made by combining the boroughs of East Looe and West Looe, which were reinstated in the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659. The sole MP for the borough was John Buller.

Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an Other House with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
Crémazie station
Crémazie station (French pronunciation: [kʁemazi]) is a Montreal Metro station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Orange Line. It is located on the border between the boroughs of Ahuntsic-Cartierville and Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension The station opened October 14, 1966, as part of the original Metro network.

Quebec Autoroute 40
Autoroute 40, officially known as Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal  and Metropolitan Autoroute/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal, is an Autoroute on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is one of the two major connections between Montreal and Quebec City, the other being Autoroute 20 on the south shore of the St. Lawrence. Autoroute 40 is currently 347 km (215.6 mi) long. Between the Ontario–Quebec boundary and the interchange with Autoroute 25, the route is signed as part of the Trans-Canada Highway.
Grigoriou Lampraki 4-6
37°51′39″N 23°45′05″E﻿ / ﻿37.860867°N 23.751477°E﻿ / 37.860867; 23.751477

The building located at Grigoriou Lampraki 4-6, Glyfada (also called Tower in Glyfada) is an approximately 44,9 m (~147,3 ft) residential building in Glyfada. It consists of 12 floors. It is the 46th tallest building in Athens.

Glyfada
Glyfada (Greek: Γλυφάδα, romanized: Glypháda, pronounced [ɣliˈfaða]) is a town and a suburb in the South Athens regional unit located in the Athens Riviera along the coast of the Saronic Gulf. It is situated in the southern parts of the Athens urban area. The area stretches from the foot of the Hymettus mountain to the Saronic Gulf.
Phong reflection model
The Phong reflection model (also called Phong illumination or Phong lighting) is an empirical model of the local illumination of points on a surface designed by the computer graphics researcher Bui Tuong Phong. In 3D computer graphics, it is sometimes referred to as "Phong shading", particularly if the model is used with the interpolation method of the same name and in the context of pixel shaders or other places where a lighting calculation can be referred to as “shading”.

Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
Jamboaye River
The Jamboaye River is a river in the province of Aceh in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, about 1,600 km northwest of the capital Jakarta.

Krueng Jambo Aye is a major river of the Jambo Aye River Basin, covering an area of approximately 4,640 km2 (1,790 sq mi) with a perimeter of 539 km (335 mi). It spans parts of Aceh Tengah Regency, Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Timur Regency, and Aceh Utara Regency. The topography of the Jambo Aye River Basin is predominantly mountainous with steep slopes, particularly in the upper and middle regions, which are located in Aceh Tengah Regency and Bener Meriah Regency.

Bener Meriah Regency
Bener Meriah Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bener Meriah) is a regency in Aceh Special Region, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra, and was formed on 18 December 2003 from districts previously part of Central Aceh Regency. The regency covers an area of 1,941.61 square kilometres and it had a population of 122,277 at the 2010 census and 161,342 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid 2024 was 179,006. Its capital is the town of Simpang Tiga Redelong. Until 2003 the present territory of this regency was the northern part of the Central Aceh Regency, from which it was split away.
KKUS
KKUS (104.1 FM) is a Connoisseur Media radio station, licensed to Tyler, Texas, United States, paired with FM translator K279CI (103.7 FM) and KYKX-HD2 (105.7 FM), both licensed to Longview, Texas, and serving the Tyler-Longview market with a classic country format.  The Ranch studio is located on Broadway Avenue in downtown Tyler. The transmitter site for KKUS is located near County Road 434, west of Hideaway, Smith County, Texas; K279CI transmits from the KYKX tower located near FM 1844 and SH 300 in Upshur County, Texas.

Connoisseur Media
Connoisseur Media LLC is an American media company. It is based in Westport, Connecticut and led by Jeff Warshaw. As of September 2025, Connoisseur operates 207 radio stations and digital assets in 24 states.
Gader Valley
Gader Valley (Slovak: Gaderská dolina) is a long valley in the Greater Fatra Range  in Central Slovakia. It is accessible from the village of Blatnica. The valley is the gateway to the peaks of Tlstá and Ostrá. Its upper part, from the merger with the Selenec Valley, is named Dedošová. In Gader Valley, there are almost all of the protected species of animals and plants that occur throughout the Great Fatra: 3,000 species of invertebrates, 110 species of birds, and 60 mammalian species. The Tlstá mountain complex was declared a National Nature Reserve in 1972.

About 2 km from the village of Blatnica are the ruins of Blatnica Castle, which dates back to the 13th century. It is located on the low limestone ridge of Plešovice (658 m above sea level), which separates the Gaderská valley from the Turčianska basin. There is a popular hiking trail from Blatnica Castle that leads through the valley.

Ostrá (Veľká Fatra)
Ostrá (meaning Sharp in Slovak) is a mountain in the Greater Fatra Range of Slovakia measuring 1,247 m (4,091.2 ft). It has two very rugged summits with an excellent view over the Turiec Valley and the opposite Tlstá Mountain.
Victoria Moors
Victoria Ashley Moors (born November 5, 1996) is a retired Canadian artistic gymnast who represented her country at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She is the older sister of 2020 Olympic gymnast Brooklyn Moors.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.
Gomory–Hu tree
In combinatorial optimization, the Gomory–Hu tree of an undirected graph with capacities is a weighted tree that represents the minimum s-t cuts for all s-t pairs in the graph. The Gomory–Hu tree can be constructed in |V| − 1 maximum flow computations. It is named for Ralph E. Gomory and T. C. Hu.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Lypusa
Lypusa is a genus of moths of the Lypusidae family, traditionally held to be a monotypic lineage of Tineoidea. However, it may actually belong to the same lineage of Gelechioidea as the Amphisbatinae (or Amphisbatidae).

The genus contains only 2 known species:

Lypusa maurella

Lypusa tokari

Tineoidea
Tineoidea is the ditrysian superfamily of moths that includes clothes moths, bagworms and relatives. There are six families usually included within it, Eriocottidae, Arrhenophanidae, Lypusidae, Acrolophidae, Tineidae and Psychidae, whose relationships are currently uncertain.

Multiple studies showed that members of the Tineoidea are paraphyletic, that is, they are not closely related as they seem, hence their taxonomy requires revision. The Lypusidae, for example, might belong to the Gelechioidea. Some authors merge the Tineoidea and all or part of the Gracillarioidea; in this case the Tineoidea sensu stricto are downranked to a series Tineiformes.