hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial cloaking
Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly  invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation. Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.

Natural material
A natural material comes from plants, animals, or the earth, and has not been made by humans. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. Natural materials are used as building materials and clothing. Types include:

Biotic materials
Wood (rattan, bamboo, bark, etc.)

Plant fiber (coir, ramie, sisal, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, kenaf, moss, linen, abacá, etc.)

Animal fiber (wool, silk, alpaca, camel, angora, cashmere, mohair, etc.)

Inorganic material
Stone (flint, granite, limestone, obsidian, sandstone, sand, gems, glass, etc.)
Native metal (copper, iron, gold, silver, etc.)
Composites (clay, plasticine, etc.)

Other natural materials.
Soil
Peter Lai (lyricist)
Peter Lai (Chinese: 黎彼得) is a Hong Kong lyricist and actor.

In the 1970s and 1980s, he co-wrote many lyrics of the first Cantopop songs with Sam Hui. He also wrote songs for Anita Mui, Leslie Cheung and Alan Tam among other Hong Kong pop stars. Lai, along with Jim Wong, Jimmy Lo and Cheng Kwok Kong, are the pioneer generation of Cantopop lyricists in Hong Kong.

Lai has also worked as a screenwriter and film producer for Golden Harvest and TVB. Since the 1980s, he has acted in movies and TV series.

James Wong Jim
James Wong Jim (Chinese: 黃霑; Jyutping: wong4 zim1; Cantonese Yale: wòhng jīm; 18 March 1941 – 24 November 2004, also known as "霑叔" or "Uncle Jim") was a Cantopop lyricist and songwriter based primarily in Hong Kong. Beginning from the 1960s, he was the lyricist for over 2,000 songs, collaborating with songwriter Joseph Koo (a.k.a. Koo Kar-Fai) on many popular television theme songs, many of which have become classics of the genre. His work propelled Cantopop to unprecedented popularity.

He was also well known in Asia as a columnist, actor, film director, screenwriter, and talk show host. He took part in creative directing positions within the entertainment industry in Hong Kong.

Wong died on 24 November 2004 of lung cancer after a four-year battle at the age of 63.
Santa Barbara School
The Santa Barbara School is a historic school building in the Martineztown-Santa Barbara neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in phases between 1908 and 1930, it is one of the city's oldest surviving school buildings and is notable for its association with Atanasio Montoya, a noted educator who reformed and modernized the Bernalillo County school system in the early 20th century. The school was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties
The New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties is a register of historic and prehistoric properties located in the state of New Mexico. It is maintained by the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. The Cultural Properties Review Committee meets at least six times a year. The committee lists properties in the State Register and forwards nominations to the National Register.
Jacen Solo
Jacen Solo is a fictional character in literature based on the Star Wars film series, set in what is now designated as the original-canon Star Wars Legends continuity. The son of Han Solo and Leia Organa Solo, as well as the nephew of Luke Skywalker, he is a major character in several novels, particularly the New Jedi Order series. He becomes the antagonist of the Legacy of the Force series under the name Darth Caedus. Jacen's other familial connections of note to his native continuity include being the brother of Jaina Solo and Anakin Solo as well as the cousin of Ben Skywalker.

Jacen has been noted as an influence for Kylo Ren, the canonical son of Han and Leia and villain of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, and Jacen Syndulla, the canonical son of Kanan Jarrus and Hera Syndulla from the epilogue series finale of Star Wars Rebels, later portrayed by Evan Whitten in Ahsoka.

Fate of the Jedi
Fate of the Jedi is a series of nine science-fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe (now known as Star Wars Legends). The series is written in three cycles by the authors Aaron Allston, Christie Golden, and Troy Denning.
Timeline of libertarian thinkers
This article is a list of major figures in the theory of libertarianism, a philosophy asserting that individuals have a right to be free. Originally coined by French anarchist and libertarian communist Joseph Déjacque as an alternative synonymous to anarchism, American classical liberals appropriated the term in the 1950s for their philosophy which asserts that individuals have a right to acquire, keep and exchange their holdings and that the primary purpose of government is to protect these rights. As a result of this history, libertarians on this list may be either of the American-style free-market variety or of the European-style socialist variety.

Voluntaryism
Voluntaryism (UK: /ˈvɒləntəriɪzəm/, US: /-tɛr-/; sometimes voluntarism /ˈvɒləntərɪzəm/) is used to describe the philosophy of Auberon Herbert, and later that of the authors and supporters of The Voluntaryist magazine, which supports a voluntary-funded state (i.e. "the Voluntary State"), meaning a lack of coercion and force in matters such as taxation.

This is conventionally completed through a strict adherence to pacifism, civil rights, and either arbitration or some other mutually-agreed-upon court system between individuals.

As a term, voluntaryism was coined in this usage by Auberon Herbert in the 19th century and gained renewed use since the late 20th century, especially within libertarianism in the United States. Voluntaryist principal beliefs stem from the idea of natural rights, equality, non-coercion, and non-aggression. Despite his association with 20th century anarcho-capitalism, Herbert rejected the idea of anarchy, hence its support for the state to enforce the law.
Denis Vieru
Denis Vieru (born 10 March 1996) is a Moldovan judoka who competes in the men's half-lightweight (66 kg) category. He competed in the men's 66 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, without winning a medal, but he won a bronze medal in the same event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Moldova
The National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Comitetul Național Olimpic al Republicii Moldova, CNORM; IOC Code: MDA) is responsible for Republic of Moldova's participation in the Olympic Games.

Its organizational framework includes the Executive Committee, responsible for strategic decisions and leadership, and the Commission of Censors, which ensures financial oversight and transparency.
PAL Airlines
PAL Airlines (formerly Provincial Airlines and stylized as PALairlines) is a Canadian regional airline with headquarters at St. John's International Airport in St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. PAL operates scheduled passenger, cargo, air ambulance and charter services. PAL is the commercial airline arm of the PAL Group of Companies. In addition to its head office, it also has bases in Halifax, Nova Scotia (Halifax Stanfield International Airport), Happy Valley-Goose Bay (CFB Goose Bay), and Montreal, Quebec (Montréal–Trudeau International Airport). PAL is the second largest regional airline operator in Eastern Canada next to Jazz Aviation.

Piper PA-31 Navajo
The Piper PA-31 Navajo is a family of twin-engined low-wing tricycle gear utility aircraft designed and built by Piper Aircraft for small cargo and feeder airlines, and as a corporate aircraft. Production ran from 1967 to 1984. It was license-built in a number of Latin American countries.
ITE College West
ITE College West (ITECW) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore.

It is one of the Institute of Technical Education's three colleges under the "One ITE System, Three Colleges" Governance and Education Model.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Lucas Pérez
Lucas Pérez Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlukas ˈpeɾeθ maɾˈtineθ]; born 10 September 1988) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward.

After spending the first years of his career in the lower leagues, only appearing sporadically for the first team of Rayo Vallecano in the Segunda División, he first made a name for himself with Karpaty Lviv in the Ukrainian Premier League. In 2013, he signed with PAOK from Greece, and later returned to La Liga with Deportivo, where he scored 32 goals in 93 matches.

Subsequently, he represented English clubs Arsenal and West Ham United in the Premier League, before rejoining Alavés where he had played as a youth.

2023–24 Primera Federación
The 2023–24 Primera Federación season was the third for the Primera Federación, the third-highest level in the Spanish football league system. Forty teams participated, divided into two groups of twenty clubs each based on geographical proximity. In each group, the champions were automatically promoted to Segunda División and the second to fifth placers played promotion play-offs and the bottom five were relegated to the Segunda Federación.
2024 Women's PGA Championship
The 2024 KPMG Women's PGA Championship was the 70th Women's PGA Championship. It was played June 20–23 at Sahalee Country Club in Sammamish, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle. It was the third of five major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2024 season.

Sahalee hosted the PGA Championship in 1998, the U.S. Senior Open in 2010, and the Women's PGA Championship in 2016, where Brooke Henderson won in a playoff over Lydia Ko.

Amy Yang won her first major by three strokes over Ko Jin-young, Lilia Vu, and Miyū Yamashita.

2024 LPGA Tour
The 2024 LPGA Tour was the 75th edition of the LPGA Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. The season began at the Hilton Grand Vacations Tournament of Champions, in Orlando, Florida on January 18, and ended on November 24, at the Tiburón Golf Club in the CME Group Tour Championship at Naples, Florida. The tournaments were sanctioned by the United States-based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA).

Nelly Korda won seven times and was the Player of the Year. Atthaya Thitikul set the single-season earnings record with $6,059,309, aided by the $4 million prize for winning the season-ending CME Group Tour Championship.
Rabbit Makes a Monkey of Lion
Rabbit Makes a Monkey of Lion: A Swahili Tale is a 1989 children's picture book by Verna Aardema and illustrated by Jerry Pinkney. It is an adaption of a Swahili folktale and is about Rabbit tricking Lion over a calabash tree.

Verna Aardema
Verna Norberg Aardema Vugteveen (June 6, 1911 – May 11, 2000), best known by the name Verna Aardema, was an American writer of children's books.

In 1960, she published her first set of stories, Tales from the Story Hat, which were very successful, and so she continued to adapt traditional tales and folklore from distant cultures, (usually from Africa and Mexico) to expose young children to the vast variety of human expression.

Her book, Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears (1975), illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon, received the Caldecott Medal in 1976 and the Brooklyn Art Books for Children Award in 1977. Who's in Rabbit's House? 1977 was the 1977 School Library Journal Best Book of the Year and a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award winner in 1978. Aardema received the Children's Reading Round Table Award in 1981, and several of her works have been selected as Notable Books by the American Library Association. Her Oh Kojo! How Could You! won the 1984 Parents' Choice Award for Literature.
Oxylamia
Oxylamia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

subgenus Cordoxylamia

Oxylamia cordifer (Chevrolat, 1856)

subgenus Oxylamia

Oxylamia basilewskyi Breuning, 1975

Oxylamia binigrovitticollis Breuning, 1969

Oxylamia biplagiata (Breuning, 1935)

Oxylamia flavoguttata (Breuning, 1935)

Oxylamia fulvaster (Jordan, 1894)

Oxylamia ochreostictica (Breuning, 1940)

subgenus Pseudoxylamia

Oxylamia tepahius (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)

Oxylamia trianguligera (Aurivillius, 1917)

Oxylamia trianguligera
Oxylamia trianguligera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1917. It is known from Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Complex conjugate of a vector space
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex vector space  is a complex vector space  that has the same elements and additive group structure as  but whose scalar multiplication involves conjugation of the scalars. In other words, the scalar multiplication of  satisfies

where  is the scalar multiplication of  and  is the scalar multiplication of 
The letter  stands for a vector in   is a complex number, and  denotes the complex conjugate of

More concretely, the complex conjugate vector space is the same underlying real vector space (same set of points, same vector addition and real scalar multiplication) with the conjugate linear complex structure  (different multiplication by ).

Functor
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a functor is a mapping between categories.  Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (such as the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and maps between these algebraic objects are associated to continuous maps between spaces.   Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are important in every area of mathematics where category theory is applied.

The words category and functor were borrowed by mathematicians from the philosophers Aristotle and Rudolf Carnap, respectively.  The latter used functor in a linguistic context;
see function word.
Iris auranitica
Iris auranitica  is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial in the Jabal al-Druze region in Syria, where it grows at about 1600 m. It has thin and long, greyish-green, semi-evergreen leaves. In May, it has fragranced flowers (between light yellow to mustard), with a dark signal patch and yellow beard with purple tips. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Peter Ward (New York politician)
Peter Ward (September 30, 1827 – May 10, 1891) was a New York businessman and politician. From 1851–1859, Ward was the superintendent of the Newburgh Branch of the Erie Railroad. He also worked for the New York, Ontario and Western Railway and the New Jersey Southern Railroad. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the mayor of Newburgh, New York, from March 13, 1882, to March 11, 1884. In 1889, Ward was elected in a special election to represent the 13th district in the New York State Senate following the death of Senator Henry R. Low. He was sworn in on February 11, 1889, and served until the completion of the 112th New York State Legislature on December 31, 1889. Ward died on May 10, 1891, aged 63, just months after having his tongue removed in surgery.

Newburgh Branch
The Erie Railroad Newburgh Branch is a mostly abandoned branch line that travels across the center of Orange County, New York. It survives as the CSX Vails Gate Spur between Newburgh and Vails Gate, but is abandoned between Vails Gate and the end of the line in Greycourt. When it opened in 1850, it was Newburgh's first railroad and remained the only line serving the city for over three decades until the first train operated from Newburgh along the West Shore Railroad in 1883.
18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Carroll's)
The 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, also known as "Carroll's regiment," was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was raised in 1862 under the command of Colonel D. W. Carroll.

The regiment served east of the Mississippi in several actions before being surrendered at Port Hudson in July 1863. Reorganized, the regiment was finally merged with several other Arkansas units to form the 2d Consolidated Arkansas Infantry.

There was another regiment designated as the 18th Arkansas. When Lieutenant-Colonel J. S. Marmaduke's 1st Arkansas Infantry Battalion was increased to a regiment, it was briefly designated as the 18th Arkansas Infantry. Marmaduke's regiment was subsequently redesignated as the 3d Confederate Infantry.

Battle of Prairie D'Ane
The Battle of Prairie D'Ane (April 9 – 13, 1864), also known as the Skirmish at Prairie D'Ane, Battle of Gum Springs, or Battle of Moscow, was fought in present-day Nevada County, Arkansas, as part of the Camden Expedition, during the American Civil War. The Camden Expedition was launched by Union forces as part of the Red River Campaign of 1864. U.S. planners envisioned two federal armies converging simultaneously, one force under the command of Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks pressing northward up the Red River commencing at Alexandria, Louisiana and the other federal army under the command of Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele driving southwestward from Little Rock, Arkansas. The objective was to press the rebel army of Gen. E. Kirby Smith back upon the rebel stronghold at Shreveport and defeat him. If successful, a somewhat vague second phase envisioned the two federal armies combining into one large force and continuing their offensive with a westward push into Texas.
Vikøy
Vikøy is a village in Kvam Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the shore of the Hardangerfjorden, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the municipal centre of Norheimsund and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of the village of Tørvikbygd. The 0.51-square-kilometre (130-acre) village has a population (2025) of 396 and a population density of 776 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,010/sq mi).

The village is the site of the Vikøy Church. It is also where the old Vikøy stave church stood for several centuries until 1863 when it was torn down. The historic name of Kvam Municipality was Vikør Municipality and it was named after this village since it was the site of the local church.  The spelling was later changed to Vikøy. The old vicarage at Vikøy is now a museum. One of the buildings is called "Borgstova". The museum is open on Wednesdays in the summer. You can often find characters dressed in period clothing cooking krotekaker on those days.

Hardangerfjord
The Hardangerfjord (English: Hardanger Fjord) is the fifth longest fjord in the world and the second longest fjord in Norway. It is located in the Hardanger region of Vestland county in western Norway. The fjord stretches 180 kilometres (110 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean into the mountainous interior of Norway along the Hardangervidda plateau. The innermost point of the fjord reaches the town of Odda.
Football in the United Kingdom
Football is the most popular sport in the United Kingdom. Football is organised on a separate basis in each of the four constituent countries, England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, that make up the United Kingdom (UK), with each having a national football association responsible for the overall management of football within their respective country. There is no United Kingdom national football team. Football has been the most popular sport in the UK since the 1860s. Rugby union, rugby league and cricket are other popular sports.

This article provides some comparisons concerning football in the home nations. For details about football across the United Kingdom and its territories, refer to the table below:

Irish Football Association
The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the governing body for association football in Northern Ireland. It organised the Ireland national football team from 1880 to 1950, which after 1954, became the Northern Ireland national football team.
Campylomormyrus numenius
Campylomormyrus numenius, is a species of electric fish in the family Mormyridae, found in Africa: in the Pool Malebo, in the middle Congo River and its northern tributaries, and in the Lualaba, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Mormyridae
The Mormyridae, sometimes called elephantfish (more properly freshwater elephantfish), are a family of weakly electric fish in the order Osteoglossiformes native to Africa. It is by far the largest family in the order, with around 200 species. Members of the family can be popular, if challenging, aquarium species. These fish have a large brain size and unusually high intelligence.

They are not to be confused with the marine and brackish-water callorhinchid elephantfish (family Callorhinchidae) of Southern Hemisphere oceans.
Fujinoki Tomb
The Fujinoki Kofun (藤ノ木古墳) is an Asuka period burial mound, located in the town of Ikaruga, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1991. It gained widespread media attention for its wealth of grave goods, which were collectively designated a National Important Cultural Property and later designated as a National Treasure It is estimated to date from the later half of the sixth century or the late seventh century.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).