hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerald Holton
Gerald James Holton (born May 23, 1922) is a German-born American physicist, historian of science, and educator, whose professional interests also include philosophy of science and the fostering of careers of young men and women. He is Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and professor of the history of science, emeritus, at Harvard University. His contributions range from physical science and its history to their professional and public understanding, from studies on gender problems and ethics in science careers to those on the role of immigrants. These have been acknowledged by an unusually wide spectrum of appointments and honors, from physics to initiatives in education and other national, societal issues, to contributions for which he was selected, as the first scientist, to give the tenth annual Jefferson Lecture that the National Endowment for the Humanities describes as, “the highest honor the federal government confers for distinguished achievement in the humanities”.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
M777 howitzer
The M777 howitzer is a British towed 155 mm artillery piece in the howitzer class. It is used by the ground forces of Australia, Canada, Colombia, India, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, and the United States. It was first used in combat during the War in Afghanistan.

The M777 is manufactured by BAE Systems' Global Combat Systems division. Prime contract management is based in Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, England, as well as manufacture and assembly of the titanium structures and associated recoil components. Final integration and testing of the weapon is undertaken at BAE's facility in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, US. Depending on the year, contract and systems package, the M777 has been exported with individual unit costs from US$2.025 million (in 2008) to $3.738 million (in 2017).

Al-Baghuz Fawqani
Al-Baghuz Fawqani (Arabic: ٱلْبَاغُوز فَوْقَانِي, romanized: al-Bāġūz Fawqānī, Kurdish: Baxoz) is a town in Syria, located in Abu Kamal District, Deir ez-Zor. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Baghuz Fawqani had a population of 10,649 in the 2004 census.
Grete Walter
Grete Walter (22 February 1913 – 21 October 1935) was a German resistance activist during the Hitler years.   She committed suicide by throwing herself from the third floor of a stairwell following a particularly brutal interrogation session at the Security Services' Main Office in Berlin.

Neukölln (locality)
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ), formerly Rixdorf (German: [rˈɪksdɔɾf]), from 1899 to 1920 an independent city, is a large inner-city quarter of Berlin in the homonymous borough of Neukölln, and evolved around the historic village of Rixdorf. With 162,548 inhabitants (2025) the quarter has the second-largest population of Berlin after Prenzlauer Berg. Since the early 13th century, the local settlements, villages and cities down to the present day have always been a popular destination for colonists and immigrants. In modern times, it was originally shaped by the working class and gastarbeiters, but western immigration since the turn of the millennium has led to gentrification and a rejuvenation of the quarter's culture and nightlife.
D115 road
D115 is a state road on island of Brač in Croatia connecting the town of Bol and the D113 state road, which in turn connects the D115 road to Supetar from where Jadrolinija ferries float to the mainland, docking in Split and the D410 state road. The road is 11.4 km (7.1 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

D410 road
D410 branches off to the southwest from D8 in Split towards the Port of Split - ferry access to Supetar (D113), Bol and Milna on Brač Island, Stari Grad (D116) and Jelsa on Hvar Island, Vela Luka on Korčula Island (D118), Rogač on Šolta Island (D112), as well as to Vis (D117), Lastovo (D119), Drvenik Veli and Drvenik Mali islands. There is also an international ferry services to Ancona, Italy. The road is 4.0 km long.

As with all state roads in Croatia, the D410 is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.
Thomas Hassall (priest)
Thomas Hassall (29 May 1794 – 29 March 1868) was an Anglican clergyman and the first Australian candidate for ordination. Hassall opened the first Sunday School in Australia in 1813 in his father's house at Parramatta.

St John's Cathedral, Parramatta
St John's Cathedral is a heritage-listed, Anglican cathedral in Parramatta, City of Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. St John's was given the status of provisional cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney in 1969, and designated a Regional Cathedral in 2011 for the Western Region. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 5 March 2010.

The current rector is Reverend Canon Bruce Morrison.
Avize (restaurant)
Avize Modern Alpine, or simply Avize, is an Alpine / Austrian / European restaurant in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was included in The New York Times's 2025 list of the nation's 50 best restaurants.

The business operates in the space that previously housed Nick's Westside. The menu includes venison tartare.

Austrian cuisine
Austrian cuisine consists of many different local or regional cuisines. In addition to Viennese cuisine, which is predominantly based on the cooking traditions of the Habsburg Empire, there are independent regional traditions in all the states of Austria.

The Austrian cuisine shares similarities with its neighboring countries in Central Europe, but particularly with the cuisines of Hungary, Bavaria, Bohemia and Northern Italy. Dishes and preparation methods have often been adopted, integrated, adapted or mixed.

The Austrian cuisine is internationally known above all for its pastries such as Kaiserschmarrn and apple strudel, as well as for Tafelspitz and Wiener schnitzel.
Claudia Anselmi
Claudia Anselmi (born 29 September 1958) is a Uruguayan visual artist whose work includes drawing, painting, engraving, installation, and monoprint. She lives and works in Montevideo, Uruguay, and has exhibited widely in Uruguay and internationally. Her practice is closely associated with graphic arts and experimental printmaking techniques.

National Museum of Visual Arts (Uruguay)
National Museum of Visual Arts (Uruguay) (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales) a museum in Parque Rodó, Montevideo, Uruguay. It was inaugurated on December 10, 1911.

This museum has the largest collection of Uruguayan artworks. Among them are works by Olga Piria, Rafael Barradas, Joaquín Torres García, José Cúneo, Carlos Federico Sáez, Pedro Figari, Juan Manuel Blanes and artist Pablo Serrano who lived in Montevideo for twenty years.

The museum also hosts temporary shows, in many cases foreign artists' itinerant exhibitions.
Untersturmführer
Untersturmführer (German: [ˈʊntɐʃtʊʁmˌfyːʁɐ], lit. 'Junior storm leader'; short: Ustuf) was a paramilitary rank of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of Sturmführer, which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921. The rank of Untersturmführer was senior to Hauptscharführer (or Sturmscharführer in the Waffen-SS) and junior to the rank of Obersturmführer.

Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
The uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel (SS) served to distinguish its Nazi paramilitary ranks between 1925 and 1945 from the ranks of the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces from 1935), the German state, and the Nazi Party.
Wang Zhaoyuan (scholar)
Wang Zhaoyuan (王照圓 ;Shandong, 4 October 1763–1851) was a Chinese female Confucian scholar and writer. Unusually for a woman scholar, she was distinguished by her philological scholarship, not poetry. Her main work consists of annotations to Liu Xiang's (79-8 BCE) Biographies of Exemplary Women (Lienü Zhuan) and the Lives of the Taoist Transcendents (Liexian Zhuan). She also shared Liu Xiang's interest in the interpretation of dreams.

Liu Xiang (scholar)
Liu Xiang (77–6 BCE), born Liu Gengsheng, courtesy name Zizheng, was a Chinese astronomer, historian, librarian, poet, politician, and writer of the Western Han dynasty. Among his polymathic scholarly specialties were history, literary bibliography, and astronomy. He is particularly well known for his bibliographic work in cataloging and editing the extensive imperial library.
Shahpurkandi dam project
The Shahpurkandi Dam project is located on the Ravi River in Pathankot district, Punjab, India, downstream from the Ranjit Sagar Dam. The project is designed to irrigate 5,000 hectares in Punjab and 32,000 hectares in Jammu and Kashmir. It will also generate electricity of up to 206MW and provide irrigation to Punjab (5,000 Ha) and Jammu and Kashmir (32,173 Ha). The construction of the dam is as per the framework of the Indus Waters Treaty regarding sharing of rivers between India and Pakistan.

Pathankot district
Pathankot district, the northernmost district of Punjab, India, was formed on 27 July 2011, after being carved out from Gurdaspur district. Pathankot serves as the district headquarters. The district shares its borders with Pakistan to the west and lies strategically close to the Union territory of Jammu & Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh, making it a vital trade and transportation hub in the region.
Navi-ye Shest
Navi-ye Shest (Persian: ناوي شصت, also Romanized as Nāvī-ye Sheṣt) is a village in Gevar Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was seventeen, in five families.

Gevar Rural District
Gevar Rural District (Persian: دهستان گور) is in Sarduiyeh District of Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sahebabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qalatuiyeh.
Singhania University
Singhania University is a private university in Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India. It is a UGC recognized private university as per Sec. 2f of the UGC Act 1956. It is in Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhunu in the northern Indian state of Rajasthan.

Jhunjhunu
Jhunjhunu is a city and municipal council in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jhunjhunu district. It is also the biggest city of the Shekhawati region, which includes Jhunjhunu, Churu and Sikar.
Smygehuk Lighthouse
Smygehuk Lighthouse (Swedish: Smygehuks fyr) is a lighthouse in Trelleborg Municipality in Sweden. It is situated approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) west of Smygehamn, and is 17 metres (56 ft) high and constructed of iron. It was completed in 1883, and taken out of service in 1975 in favor of the offshore Kullagrundet Lighthouse. Following an initiative by Trelleborg Municipality, among others, it was relit in April 2001. Smygehuk Lighthouse is located at Smygehuk, near the southernmost tip of Sweden and the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Trelleborg Municipality
Trelleborg Municipality (Swedish: Trelleborgs kommun) is the southernmost municipality of Sweden, in Skåne County. Its seat is located in the city Trelleborg.

The present municipality was created in 1967 through the amalgamation of the City of Trelleborg with five rural municipalities. It consists of over thirty original local government units.

The municipality boasts 35 kilometers of predominantly sandy beach in the south, beech woods to the north, and in between one of the most fertile soils in the world.
Simba Union Ground
The Simba Union Ground is one of several cricket grounds in Nairobi. It is also the home of Simba Union Cricket Club as well as the home of Cricket Kenya academy. The ground is located across the road from Kenya's main Cricket ground the Nairobi Gymkhana Club. The ground has hosted a One Day International match when Kenya cricket team played against West Indies cricket team.

Gymkhana Club Ground
Nairobi Gymkhana Club is a cricket ground and team in Nairobi, Kenya.  It hosted two matches during the 2003 Cricket World Cup.  The ground has a capacity of 7,000 people. It is located north of the central business district, but not far from it. The ground is the main cricket venue in the country and the only one which could in any way be described as a major ground.
Iñaki Astiz
Iñaki Astiz Ventura (born 5 November 1983) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He is currently assistant manager of Ekstraklasa club Legia Warsaw.

Developed at Osasuna, he spent most of his career at Legia Warsaw, appearing in 273 competitive matches and winning several titles. He also played in the Cypriot First Division with APOEL.

2016–17 Cypriot First Division
The 2016–17 Cypriot First Division was the 78th season of the Cypriot top-level football league. The season began on 20 August 2016 and ended on 21 May 2017. The fixtures were announced on 7 July 2016. APOEL were the defending champions.

APOEL were crowned champions for the 26th time and a fifth time in a row, securing the title after beating title arch-rivals Omonia 3–1 at the GSP Stadium on 13 May 2017.
2007–08 UEFA Champions League knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League began on 19 February 2008, and concluded on 21 May 2008 with the final at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. The knockout stage involved the 16 teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

2007–08 UEFA Champions League
The 2007–08 UEFA Champions League was the 16th season of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, the UEFA Champions League, since it was rebranded in 1992, and the 53rd tournament overall.

The final was played on 21 May 2008 at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia, where Manchester United played against Chelsea, making it an all-English final for the first time in the history of the European Cup. Manchester United won the match 6–5 on penalties, following a 1–1 draw after extra time.

Milan were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Arsenal in the first knockout round.
Parazodarion
Parazodarion is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 2009 by Ovtchinnikov, Ahmad & Gurko. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Parazodarion raddei, found in central Asia.

Ant spider
Ant spiders are members of the family Zodariidae. They are small to medium-sized eight-eyed spiders found in all tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea, New Zealand, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.

Most species are daytime hunters and live together with ants, mimicking their behavior and sometimes even their chemical traits. Although little is known about most zodariids, members of the genus Zodarion apparently feed only on ants; a number of other genera in the family are apparently also ant (or termite) specialists.
Kim M. Robak
Kim M. Robak (born October 4, 1955) is an American lawyer, lobbyist, and retired politician from Nebraska. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Robak was appointed the 35th lieutenant governor of Nebraska by Governor Ben Nelson, following the resignation of incumbent Maxine B. Moul in 1993. She was elected to a full term in 1994, ultimately serving from October 1993 to January 1999. Previously, she served as Chief of Staff to Governor Nelson (1991–1992) and Legal Counsel to Governors Ben Nelson, Kay Orr, and Bob Kerrey.

She is currently a senior partner in Mueller Robak, LLC. Previously, she was the vice president of external affairs and corporation secretary for the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (1999–2004). She also serves on the board of directors for the Ameritas Mutual Holding Company and Ameritas Life Insurance Corp.

Her mother was Jennie Robak, who served in the Nebraska Legislature.

Kay A. Orr
Kay Avonne Orr (née Stark; born January 2, 1939) is an American politician who served as the 36th governor of Nebraska from 1987 to 1991. A member of the Republican Party, she was the state's first and to date only female governor.
Berner (rapper)
Gilbert Anthony Milam Jr. (born October 27, 1983), better known by his stage name Berner, is an American rapper and entrepreneur. As of 2025, he has released 22 solo albums — beginning with Dirty Sneakers... Plenty Ways to Get It (2007) — and 29 collaborative projects — beginning with Track Money & Pack Money (2007) with fellow California rapper Equipto. He signed with Wiz Khalifa's Taylor Gang Entertainment in March 2018.

Four of his solo releases—the extended play 20 Lights (2015), and the albums Hempire (2016), Gotti (2021), and From Seed to Sale (2022)—have entered the Billboard 200, the latter peaked at number 20. As an entrepreneur, he founded the cannabis brand Cookies in 2015; initially based in San Francisco, it has since expanded to service cannabis and clothing products internationally.

Ampichino
Anthony Deon Hunt (born 1976), better known by his stage name Ampichino or Amp, is an American rapper and producer from Akron, Ohio. His 2002 single "Do the Damn Thang" featuring Yukmouth peaked at #15 on the Hot Rap Songs and Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Ampichino is a member of the group the Regime and the collaborative effort Devilz Rejectz with The Jacka of Mob Figaz.
2021 Cape Verdean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 17 October 2021. The result was a victory for José Maria Neves of the opposition African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), who received 51.8% of the vote.

2006 Cape Verdean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 12 February 2006, the fourth presidential elections since the introduction of multi-party politics in 1990.

In a repeat of the 2001 election, Pedro Pires of the ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) was challenged by former Prime Minister Carlos Veiga of the Movement for Democracy (MpD). In the 2001 presidential run-off, Pires had defeated Veiga by a margin of only 12 votes. In 2006, Pires won another narrow victory, prevailing by about 3,000 votes and slightly surpassing the 50% majority necessary to avoid a run-off.
La chute de la maison Usher (opera)
La chute de la maison Usher (The Fall of the House of Usher) is an unfinished opera in one act (divided into two scenes) by Claude Debussy to his own libretto, based on Edgar Allan Poe's 1839 short story "The Fall of the House of Usher". The composer worked on the score between 1908 and 1917 but it was never completed.

Robert Orledge
Robert Orledge (born 5 January 1948) is a British musicologist who specialises in French music from the late 19th to early 20th centuries. A Professor Emeritus at the University of Liverpool, Orledge has published book-length studies on the composers Claude Debussy, Gabriel Fauré, Charles Koechlin and Erik Satie.
2019 Orienteering World Cup
The 2019 Orienteering World Cup was the 25th edition of the Orienteering World Cup. The 2019 Orienteering World Cup consisted of nine individual events and four relay events. The events are located in Finland, Norway, Switzerland and China. The 2019 World Orienteering Championships in Østfold, Norway are included in the World Cup.

Orienteering World Cup
The Orienteering World Cup is a series of orienteering competitions organized annually by the International Orienteering Federation. Two unofficial cups were organized in 1983 and 1984. The official World Cup was held first in 1986, and then every second year up to 2004. From 2004 the World Cup has been held annually.
Drag, Norway
Drag (Norwegian) or Ájluokta (Lule Sami) (or Northern Sami: Áiluokta) is a village in Hamarøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located along the Tysfjorden, about 180 kilometres (110 mi) northeast of the town of Bodø and about 110 kilometres (68 mi) south of the town of Narvik. The 0.45-square-kilometre (110-acre) village has a population (2023) of 305 and a population density of 678 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,760/sq mi).

Drag is located along Norwegian National Road 827 which runs through Drag to a ferry port that connects to the village of Kjøpsvik across the fjord. Árran, the national Lule Sami Center is located in Drag. The Drag/Helland Church is located just outside the village of Drag.

Narvik (town)
Narvikⓘ (Norwegian) or Áhkánjárga (Northern Sami) is a town and the administrative centre of Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is located along the Ofotfjorden in the Ofoten region. The town lies on a peninsula located between the Rombaken fjord and the Beisfjorden. The European route E06 highway runs through the Beisfjord Bridge and Hålogaland Bridge crossing the two small fjords surrounding the town.

The 6.93-square-kilometre (1,710-acre) town has a population (2023) of 14,051 which gives the town a population density of 2,028 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,250/sq mi).

Narvik Church is the main church for the town. Narvik is a commercial centre for the region. The Narvik campus of the University of Tromsø has approximately 1,200 students in the town. There are some high-tech businesses in Narvik (among them Natech).
French Paralympic and Sports Committee
The French Paralympic and Sports Committee (French: Comité Paralympique et Sportif Français or CPSF) is the National Paralympic Committee in France for the Paralympic Games movement. Founded in Paris in 1992, it is a member of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and the French National Olympic and Sports Committee.

National Paralympic Committee
A National Paralympic Committee (NPC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Paralympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), NPCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Paralympic Games.
Mercedes 60hp
The Mercedes Simplex 60 hp was an automobile manufactured by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in 1903 and 1904, part of the series of Mercedes Simplex with more comfortable, simplified operation, aimed at customers who preferred to drive rather than being passengers.

Its predecessor were the Mercedes 35hp racers which in 1900 were ordered by Emil Jellinek. It was the fastest production car in the world, winning races and gaining fame to the name Mercédès which Jellinek took from his daughter, and in 1903 adopted for himself, just like Daimler for its products.

Unlike the 35 hp though, this wasn't a racing car and became Mercedes' top of the range model. It had a low pressed steel chassis and a cast-alloy 9.3L engine, giving a top speed of 68 mph (109 km/h). The car came with two or four passenger bodywork. Of the 102 chassis produced, only four still exist today.

Emil Jellinek
Emil Jellinek, known after 1903 as Emil Jellinek-Mercedes (6 April 1853 – 21 January 1918), was an automobile entrepreneur of the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG), responsible in 1900 for commissioning the first modern automobile, the Mercedes 35hp. Jellinek created the Mercedes trademark in 1902, naming it in honor of his daughter, Mercédès Jellinek.

The trademark developed into the company Mercedes-Benz, and the marque became one of the largest car brands in the world. Jellinek lived in Vienna, Austria, then later moved to Nice, on the French Riviera, where he was General Consul of Austria-Hungary.