hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Chapman (Australian politician)
Michael Chapman (1822 – 23 February 1906) was an Irish-born Australian politician.

He was born at Cloyne to property owner William Chapman and Mary. In 1840 he migrated to New South Wales, and on 11 December 1846 he married Catherine Shanahan, with whom he had four children. A successful oil trader, he served on Sydney City Council from 1860 to 1862 and from 1866 to 1900; he was also a Glebe alderman from 1866 to 1875 and from 1878 to 1893, and mayor from 1882 to 1884. In 1883 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Glebe. Defeated in 1885, he returned in 1887 as a Free Trader. He was re-elected in 1889, but defeated in 1891. Chapman died at Forest Lodge in 1906.

Municipality of The Glebe
The Municipality of The Glebe was a local government area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The municipality was proclaimed on 1 August 1859 and, with an area of 2 square kilometres, included the modern suburbs of Glebe and Forest Lodge. The council was amalgamated with the City of Sydney to the east with the passing of the Local Government (Areas) Act 1948, although parts of the former council area were transferred in 1967 to the Municipality of Leichhardt to the west (now the Inner West Council).
Rishon model
The Harari–Shupe preon model (also known as rishon model, RM) is the earliest effort to develop a preon model to explain the phenomena appearing in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. It was first developed independently by Haim Harari and by Michael A. Shupe and later expanded by Harari and his then-student Nathan Seiberg.

Electron neutrino
The electron neutrino (νe) is an elementary particle which has zero electric charge and a spin of 1⁄2. Together with the electron, it forms the first generation of leptons, hence the name electron neutrino. It was first hypothesized by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, to account for missing momentum and missing energy in beta decay, and was discovered in 1956 by a team led by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines (see Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment).
2021 Okolo Slovenska
The 2021 Okolo Slovenska (transl. Tour of Slovakia) was the 65th edition of the Okolo Slovenska road cycling stage race. It was held from 15 and 19 September 2021, as a category 2.1 event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour.

Okolo Slovenska
Okolo Slovenska (English: Tour of Slovakia; French: Tour de Slovaquie) is an annual road cycling stage race in Slovakia. Founded in 1954, since 2017 it has been rated as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. It is a stage race that usually includes five or more stages.
2013 Sony Open Tennis
The 2013 Sony Open Tennis (also known as 2013 Miami Masters), a men's and women's tennis tournament, was the 29th edition of the Miami Masters event and played on outdoor hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Miami, United States. The tournament was held from March 18 to 31, 2013, and was part of the 2013 ATP World Tour and the 2013 WTA Tour, classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and a Premier Mandatory event, respectively.

Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April. The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.

The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world. It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Following the Indian Wells Open, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.

In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments.
2016 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
The 2016 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 32nd and final edition of the Open de Nice Côte d'Azur and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2016 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, from 15 May until 21 May 2016. The tournament was replaced on the ATP World Tour by the Lyon Open. First-seeded Dominic Thiem won the singles title.

Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
The Nice French Riviera Open (or Open de Nice Côte d'Azur in French) was an ATP World Tour 250 series and, formerly, Grand Prix tennis circuit affiliated men's tennis tournament. This tournament was originally founded in 1925 as a combined event called the City of Nice Championships  and remained as a combined event until 1971 and 1976 to 1978. Also known as the Nice International Championships. It was held in Nice, France at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club and played on outdoor clay courts. The last singles champion is Dominic Thiem from Austria.
Dulwich High School of Visual Arts and Design
Dulwich High School of Visual Arts & Design (abbreviated as DHSVAD) is a government coeducational specialist secondary school, with speciality in visual arts and design, located in Dulwich Hill, an Inner West suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Re-established in 2003, the school is run by the New South Wales Department of Education and Training. The School offers a comprehensive education program with a strong focus on visual arts and design throughout all years and subjects. DHSVAD is affiliated with the National Art School, The Design Centre Enmore TAFE, and The Art Gallery of New South Wales.

The School also runs a program called NEO. Year 8-10 Students engage in visual art and design-orientated workshops each week according to their area of interest. Subjects include Web Design, Robotics, Cartooning, Animation, Jewellery Making, Ceramics, Food Design, Design Your School Museum, and the most popular being Draw/Design/Make.

Inner West
The Inner West of Sydney is an area directly west of the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia.  The suburbs that make up the Inner West are predominantly located along the southern shore of Port Jackson (Parramatta River), stretching south to the shores of the Cooks River. The western boundary of the Inner West is approximately the A3 arterial road (Homebush Bay Drive / Centenary Drive), which divides the Inner West from the Greater Western Sydney region. The Inner West is much larger than the Inner West Council local government area. The Inner West roughly corresponds with the Parish of Petersham and Parish of Concord, two cadastral divisions used for land titles.
Buck Pike
Buck Pike is a fell located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria. Buck Pike is near the village of Coniston. Other fells in this area include Brown Pike, Dow Crag, and the Old Man of Coniston.

Dow Crag
Dow Crag is a fell in the English Lake District near Coniston, Cumbria. The eastern face is one of the many rock faces in the Lake District used for rock climbing.

The name Dow Crag originally applied specifically to the eastern face which looks down upon the tarn of Goat's Water, the fell itself having no need for a name before the inception of hill walking in the 19th century. As with many fells the name of a prominent feature was then applied to the whole mass. Dow was originally named Doe and still locally pronounced as "Doe".
Hymenophyllum rarum
Hymenophyllum rarum (Hymen-O-FIL-lum rare-um), the narrow filmy-fern, is a species of fern from the family Hymenophyllaceae. This thin-leaved fern is commonly found in New Zealand and Tasmania, growing in patches on rocks and is epiphytic on trees and tree ferns, growing in moist gullies or rainforests. A rather drought tolerant species often found at exposed sites ranging from coastal to montane areas. Forming extensive, interwoven and creeping patches with its thin long (creeping) rhizomes sparsely covered in red-brown hairs, easily recognised by its membranous grey-green fronds, the smooth margins of the pinnae, ultimate segments and indusia; and by the sunken sori in the uppermost segments of the uppermost pinnae. The species can be found throughout Tasmanian rainforests as well as occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and New Zealand on the North and South Islands as well as, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands.

Hymenophyllum
Hymenophyllum is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. Its name means "membranous leaf", referring to the very thin translucent tissue of the fronds, which gives rise to the common name filmy fern for this and other thin-leaved ferns. The leaves are generally only one cell thick and lack stomata, making them vulnerable to desiccation.  Consequently, they are found only in very humid areas, such as in moist forests and among sheltered rocks. They are small and easy to overlook.
West Barsham
West Barsham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Barsham, in the North Norfolk district, in the county of Norfolk, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 89. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form Barsham.

The village is one of four settlements within the parish of Barsham. The other villages are North Barsham, East Barsham and Houghton Saint Giles.

West Barsham is 3.2 miles (5.1 km) north of the town of Fakenham, 24.1 miles (38.8 km) west of Cromer, and 117 miles (188 km) north of London. The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport.

Bittern Line
The Bittern Line is a railway branch line in Norfolk, England, that links Norwich to Sheringham. It passes through the Broads on its route to an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty on the north Norfolk coast. It is named after the bittern, a rare bird found in the reedy wetlands of Norfolk.

The line is 30 miles 22 chains (48.7 km) in length and there are 10 stations. It is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.11, and is classified as a rural line.

Passenger services are operated by Greater Anglia, which also manages all of the stations.
Bahawalnagar incident
The Bahawalnagar incident took place in the city of Bahawalnagar in Pakistan, when there was a clash between the Punjab Police and the Pakistan Army, which was widely circulated on social media. The videos show people dressed in army uniforms allegedly attacking police personnel.

Punjab Police (Pakistan)
The Punjab Police (Punjabi, Urdu: پنجاب پولیس) is a law enforcement agency of Punjab, Pakistan. Under the command of its Inspector General (IG), it administers all criminal cases under the Police Acts of 1861 and 2002. The force was introduced in its modern form under British rule, and a colonial influence continues. On 03 February 2026, Rao Abdul Kareem was appointed as the Inspector General of Punjab Police.
Peter Sack
Peter Sack (born 27 July 1979 in Schkeuditz, Bezirk Leipzig) is a German shot putter.

He finished fourth at the 1998 World Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at the 1999 European Junior Championships behind Ralf Bartels and Mikuláš Konopka. He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games and the 2006 World Indoor Championships without reaching the finals. At the 2007 World Championships his three throws in the qualification round were all invalid, causing him to miss the final again. At the 2008 World Indoor Championships he finished eighth. He then competed at his second Olympic Games, but did not reach the final.

His personal best throw is 21.19 metres, achieved in May 2008 in Versmold.

Mikuláš Konopka
Mikuláš Konopka (born 23 January 1979 in Rimavská Sobota) is a Slovak retired shot putter.

Konopka originally won the bronze medal at the 2002 European Indoor Championships with a personal best throw (indoor) of 20.87 metres, but tested positive for stanozolol and lost the medal. He was suspended between March 2002 and March 2004.

His personal best throw outdoor is 20.66 metres, achieved in May 2001 in Ostrava. He currently holds the Slovak indoor record with 21.57, achieved when he won the 2007 European Indoor Championships.

On 13 May 2008 Konopka tested positive for metandienone and subsequently received a lifetime ban from competing due to a second doping violation.
Viarigi
Viarigi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Asti.  
Viarigi borders the following municipalities: Altavilla Monferrato, Felizzano, Montemagno, Quattordio, and Refrancore.

Refrancore
Refrancore (Piedmontese: Ël Francó or Arfrancor) is a village and comune in the northwestern Italian province of Asti in the Piedmont region, located some 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Asti in the Basso Monferrato. The territory of the comune extends over an area of 13.15 square kilometres (5.08 sq mi) and is largely devoted to agriculture, in particular to vineyards growing the Grignolino and Barbera wine grapes.

Although having only around 1,600 official residents, the population and activity within the village is enhanced by the presence of holiday homes and surrounding hamlets which officially lie within other village boundaries.
2016 Toyota/Save Mart 350
The 2016 Toyota/Save Mart 350 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on June 26, 2016 at Sonoma Raceway in Sonoma, California. Contested over 110 laps on the 1.99-mile (3.20 km) road course, it was the 16th race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.

The race had 12 lead changes among different cautions and 4 cautions for 10 laps. This was three-time series champion Tony Stewart's 49th and final career victory.

Toyota/Save Mart 350
The Toyota/Save Mart 350 is a 218.9-mile (352.3 km) stock car racing event in the NASCAR Cup Series that has been held annually at Sonoma Raceway at Sears Point in Sonoma, California since 1989.

The race joined the NASCAR circuit in 1989. It was added as a replacement for the Budweiser 400 at Riverside, which closed in 1988. The race has undergone several name and length changes since its inception. The NASCAR "West Series" held a combination race from 1989 to 1997 and has held a standalone race since 2006. Due to the track's unique layout, the race generates annual discussion, with media, fans, and participants both in favor and against racing this event. Due to its unique layout, "road course ringers" are common, a NASCAR term standing for drivers that appear on the NASCAR circuit only for the road course races.

Shane van Gisbergen is the defending winner of the event.
History of Christianity in Sussex
The history of Christianity in Sussex includes all aspects of the Christianity in the region that is now Sussex from its introduction to the present day.  Christianity is the most commonly practised religion in Sussex.

Archdeacon of Horsham
The Archdeacon of Horsham is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Chichester. The diocese almost exactly covers the counties of East and West Sussex and the City of Brighton and Hove, stretching for nearly a hundred miles (160 km) along the south coast of England.
Avant House (Mashpee, Massachusetts)
The Avant House, also known as the Timothy Pocknet Homestead is an historic house on Massachusetts Route 130 at Mill Pond in Mashpee, Massachusetts.  Built in the late 18th or early 19th century, it is one of the town's oldest surviving buildings.  It is now owned and operated by the Mashpee Wampanoag tribe as the Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Museum.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Mashpee, Massachusetts
Mashpee (/ˈmæʃpi/ Wampanoag: Mâseepee) is a town on Cape Cod in Barnstable County, Massachusetts. It is bordered by Sandwich, Barnstable, and Falmouth, and to the south by Nantucket Sound. Settled in 1660 and incorporated on May 28, 1870, Mashpee had a population of 15,060 at the 2020 census. The town is the historic and contemporary home of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe—federally recognized in 2007—which maintains its headquarters in Mashpee.

Mashpee contains South Cape Beach State Park and part of the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, as well as the Mashpee River Reservation. The town also contains Mashpee Commons, a redevelopment project recognized as an early example of New Urbanism, located at the Mashpee Rotary where Routes 28 and 151 meet.
Marie Little
Marie Therese Little OAM (1 January 1933 – 17 August 2014) was a leading Australian sport administrator particularly in the area of disability sport. She was President of the Australian Paralympic Federation and AUSRAPID.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
FortSP
FortSP is a software package for solving stochastic programming (SP) problems. It solves scenario-based SP problems with recourse as well as problems with chance constraints and integrated chance constraints. FortSP is available as a standalone executable that accepts input in SMPS format and as a library with an interface in the C programming language.

The solution algorithms provided by FortSP include Benders' decomposition and a variant of level decomposition for two-stage problems, nested Benders' decomposition for multistage problems and reformulation of the problem as a deterministic equivalent. There is also an implementation of a cutting-plane algorithm for integrated chance constraints.

FortSP supports external linear programming solvers such as CPLEX and FortMP through their library interfaces or nl files. These solvers are used to optimize the deterministic equivalent problem and also the subproblems in the decomposition methods.

Solver
A solver is a piece of mathematical software, possibly in the form of a stand-alone computer program or as a software library, that 'solves' a mathematical problem. A solver takes problem descriptions in some sort of generic form and calculates their solution. In a solver, the emphasis is on creating a program or library that can easily be applied to other problems of similar type.
Ministry of Justice (Iran)
The Ministry of Justice is one of the Islamic Republic of Iran's ministries. Established in the Constitution of Iran, it has the responsibility of coordinating between the judicial branch and other branches of the government.

The Chief Justice of Iran can delegate financial and management of the judiciary as well as the hiring of non-Judges to the Minister of Justice.

Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III
Prince Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III (Persian: شاهزاده فیروز نصرت‌الدوله سوم), GCMG (1889–1937) was the eldest son of Prince Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma and Princess Ezzat-ed-Dowleh Qajar. He was born in 1889 and died in April 1937. He was the grandson of his namesake, Nosrat Dowleh Firouz Mirza, and of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar through his mother, Princess Ezzat-Dowleh.
Sant Vicenç de Montalt
Sant Vicenç de Montalt (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsam biˈsɛnz ðə munˈtal]), is a municipality in the comarca of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Sant Andreu de Llavaneres and Arenys de Mar, below the el Corredor range, with the main settlement slightly inland. The main N-II road along the coast passes through the municipality, linked to the town by a local road. There are also roads to Arenys de Munt and to Mataró, and a station on the Renfe railway line at Caldes d'Estrac.

Arenys de Mar
Arenys de Mar (Catalan: [əˈɾɛɲz ðə ˈmaɾ], locally [əˈɾɛɲʒ ðə ˈmaɾ]; arenys being Catalan for "sands (of a seasonal creek)", and de mar for "by the sea" as opposed to Arenys de Munt, "sands up hill") is one of the main municipalities of the comarca of Maresme, Barcelona Province, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Caldes d'Estrac and Canet de Mar, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) northeast of Barcelona. As of 2022, it had a population of 16,155.

Arenys' harbour was  for many years the only existing port on the north coast of Barcelona. The beaches, framed by hills which run right down to the sea, give a view of the neighbouring Costa Brava.
1978 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1978 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 88th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Kilruane MacDonaghs entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 15 October 1978, Kilruane MacDonaghs won the championship after a 2–14 to 2–13 defeat of Roscrea in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.

1977 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1977 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 87th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Moneygall were the defending champions.

On 23 October 1977, Kilruane MacDonaghs won the championship after a 1–05 to 0–05 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in a final replay at Semple Stadium. It was their first ever championship title.
New Mexico State Road 202
State Road 202 (NM 202) is a 12.6-mile-long (20.3 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 202's western terminus is at U.S. Route 70 (US 70) northeast of Portales, and the eastern terminus is at Farm to Market Road 1760 (FM 1760) at the Texas state line.

U.S. Route 70 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 70 (US 70) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Globe, Arizona, east to Atlantic, North Carolina. In the U.S. state of New Mexico, US 70 extends from the Arizona state line south of Virden and ends at the Texas state line in Texico.
MAG InnoVision
MAG InnoVision is a Taiwan-headquartered manufacturer and provider of visual technology, specifically CRT monitors, liquid crystal displays, projectors, plasma displays, and HDTV technology. The company was founded by William Wang when he was 26 years old.

In the early to mid-1990s, its products were one of the top-rated in the market for computer CRT monitors in the North American market, alongside Sony, NEC, and Panasonic. Since the late 1990s and 2000s, these companies have been displaced by ViewSonic, and more recently by Samsung and LG, as the latter were at the forefront of fledgling LCD technology.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.