hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HNoMS B-5
HNoMS B-5 was a Norwegian B-class submarine which was captured by an E-boat of the Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during Operation Weserübung on 9 April 1940 at Kristiansand, Norway. After which she was renamed UC-1 and used as a school boat for the Kriegsmarine before she was deemed unsuited for reserve training and was broken up in 1942.

HNoMS Gyller (1938)
HNoMS Gyller was a Sleipner-class destroyer commissioned into the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1938. Along with the other Sleipner-class vessels in commission at that time, she took part in protecting Norwegian neutrality during the Second World War. After initially serving in the far north during the Finno-Soviet Winter War, she was redeployed to Southern Norway, escorting ships through Norwegian territorial waters. When the Germans invaded Norway on 9 April 1940, she was docked at Kristiansand. After taking part in the defence of the port city, she was captured intact by the invading Germans. Renamed Löwe, she sailed with Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for the duration of the war.

During her time in German service, she escorted the evacuation ship Wilhelm Gustloff when the latter was torpedoed and sunk by a Soviet submarine with heavy loss of life. Returned to Norway in 1945, she was converted to a frigate in 1948 and sold for scrap in 1959.
Toral de los Guzmanes
Toral of the Guzmanes is a municipality located in the south of the province of León, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It belongs to the so denominated region of Esla-Oteros. Its surface is of about 21 km2. In 2023, it had a population of 499 inhabitants according to the INE.

Benavente, Zamora
Benavente is a town and municipality in the north of the province of Zamora, in the autonomous community Castile and León of Spain. It has about 20,000 inhabitants.

Located north of the capital on an important communications hub, it was repopulated by King Ferdinand II of León, who also awarded it law-codes (a fuero) in 1167. It was originally known as Malgrat or Malgrado.
3SPH
3SPH is a radio station based in Shepparton, Victoria.  It is part of the Vision Australia Radio network, a reading and information service for those persons unable to read or easily access information in print. The station is run and operated by volunteers.

When not broadcasting local programs, the station is a relay of 3RPH in Melbourne.

3RPH
3RPH is a community radio station owned and operated by Vision Australia as part of the Vision Australia Radio network. The station broadcasts a radio reading service to Melbourne, Victoria, with repeater services in Warragul and Warrnambool, Victoria.

The station had its origins in 1974, when the Radio for the Blind Committee began broadcasting a half-hour program on ABC radio and a 45-minute program on 3CR in Melbourne.

The station was then licensed to commence programming on its own frequency, broadcasting from 12 December 1982 at 1705 kHz

In 1983 the station moved its signal to 1629 kHz, before moving to 1179 kHz, vacated by 3KZ, in 1990. The switch to 1179 also led to the station expanding to 24-hour programming.

3RPH is also a member of Radio Print Handicapped Network and a BBC World Service partner station.
Joseph C. McDonough
Joseph Corbett McDonough (September 30, 1924 – June 22, 2005) was a highly decorated United States Army Major General who served for 33 years including one combat tour during the Korean War and two combat tours during the Vietnam War. During his first tour in Vietnam (1967–1968), then Colonel McDonough commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Air Cavalry Division which played a crucial role in Operation Pegasus, the relief of the besieged U.S. Marine Combat Base at Khe Sanh in April 1968. General McDonough went on to hold several staff and command positions including Commanding General, 8th Infantry Division between 1973-1975 and United States Commander, Berlin 1975–1978.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Napoleon Marache
Napoleon Marache (June 15, 1818 – May 11, 1875) was a chess player, problem composer, and journalist. He was born in France and moved to the United States at around 12 years of age. He learned the game of chess around 1844, and immediately became a devotee. He began composing chess problems and writing about chess the following year. In the mid-19th century, he was both one of America's first chess journalists and one of its leading players. In 1866, he published Marache's Manual of Chess, which was one of the country's first books on chess, and also one of its first books on backgammon. He is perhaps best known today for having lost a famous game to Paul Morphy.

Paul Morphy
Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837 – July 10, 1884) was an American chess player. During his brief career in the late 1850s, Morphy was acknowledged as the world's greatest chess master.  Later commentators have concluded that he was far ahead of his time.

A prodigy, Morphy emerged onto the chess scene in 1857 by convincingly winning the First American Chess Congress, winning each match by a large margin. He then traveled to Europe, residing for a time in England and France while challenging the continent's top players. He played matches with most of the leading English and French players, as well as the German Adolf Anderssen—again winning all matches by large margins. In 1859, Morphy returned to the United States, before ultimately abandoning competitive chess and receding from public view.
James Grant (minister)
James Grant (January 23, 1800 – July 28, 1890) was a Scottish minister. Combining his religious skills with business skills he was also Director of Scottish Widows for 50 years (1840 to 1890) and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1854. During his period as Moderator he was styled as Right Rev James Grant and thereafter as Very Rev James Grant.

Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland
The Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland (RHASS) was founded in Edinburgh in 1784 as the Highland Society of Edinburgh. The society is responsible for organising the annual Royal Highland Show.
Domestic furnishing in early modern Scotland
Furniture and furnishings in early modern and late medieval Scotland were made locally or imported, mostly from Flanders and France. Although few pieces of furniture survive from the early part of the period, a rich vocabulary and typology is preserved in inventories and wills. This documentary evidence in the Scots language details the homes of the wealthy and aristocratic. Textiles and beds belonging to Mary, Queen of Scots are very well documented. Scottish wooden furniture was often carved with the initials of married couples.

Baptism of James VI
The baptism of James VI was celebrated at Stirling Castle in December 1566 with a masque, fireworks, and a staged assault on a mock fortress. The entertainment was devised by George Buchanan and Bastian Pagez.
Castle of the Pico
The Castle of the Pico (in Italian Castello dei Pico) is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy.

Famous in Europe as a legendary impregnable fortress, it belonged to the House of Pico della Mirandola, who ruled over the city for four centuries (1311-1711) and who enriched it in the Renaissance period with important pieces of art.

The castle, that dominates the long Costituente square and Circonvallazione boulevard (built in place of the ancient walls, demolished during the 19th century), was restored in 2006 after many years of neglect, but was then severely damaged by the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes, which made it unusable again.

Duchy of Mirandola
The Lordship, then County, Principality and finally Duchy of Mirandola (Italian: Ducato della Mirandola) was a state which existed in Northern Italy from 1310 until 1711, centered in Mirandola in what is now the province of Modena, in Emilia-Romagna, and ruled by the House of Pico.
HMS Bahamas
HMS Bahamas (K503) was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom that served during World War II. She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class frigate USS Hotham (PF-75) and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion.

Tacoma-class frigate
The Tacoma class was a class of 96 patrol frigates which served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally classified as gunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for its lead ship, Tacoma, a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city of Tacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the British Royal Navy, in which they were known as Colony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred under Lend-Lease to the Soviet Navy, where they were designated as storozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. All Tacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned by United States Coast Guard crews. Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.
Leroy Wallace
Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace (born 22 August 1950) is a Jamaican drummer who worked for several years at Studio One, and has worked with numerous reggae artists including The Gladiators, Inner Circle, Prince Far I, Sound Dimension, Gregory Isaacs, Burning Spear, Ijahman Levi, Bruno Blum and Pierpoljak. He starred as himself in the lead role of the film Rockers. Wallace attended the Alpha Boys School in the 1960s and early 1970s, where he studied under Lennie Hibbert. Wallace also joined The Skatalites when they reformed in the mid-1970s. Wallace has been credited with inventing the 'Rockers' rhythm.

He has also recorded as a DJ on a number of tracks, for example "Herb Vendor", produced by Lee Perry, and "Universal Love", released under the pseudonym Mad Roy.

Ijahman Levi
Ijahman Levi (born Trevor Augustus Sutherland; 26 June 1946) is a Jamaican-British conscious roots reggae chanter, artist and musician. In his early years, Levi was tutored by musician and vocal teacher, Joe Higgs. His first album, Haile I Hymn, was released on Island Records in 1978. He became Ijahman Levi after a religious spiritual conversion to Rastafari when he was in prison between 1972 and 1974. It and his following records preach Rastafari movement as well as Twelve Tribes of Israel doctrine.
Synizesis
Synizesis (/ˌsɪnəˈziːsɪs/) is a sound change (metaplasm) in which two originally syllabic vowels (hiatus) are pronounced instead as a single syllable. In poetry, the vowel contraction would often be necessitated by the metrical requirements of the poetic form. Synizesis is also understood to occur as a natural product in the evolution of a language over time.

A tie may be used to represent this pronunciation: dē͡hinc (i.e., deinc).

Greek tragedy
Greek tragedy (Ancient Greek: τραγῳδία, romanized: tragōidía) is one of the three principal theatrical genres from Ancient Greece and Greek-inhabited Anatolia, along with comedy and the satyr play. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy.

Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and theatre, and it greatly influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most acclaimed Greek tragedians are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. These tragedians often explored many themes of human nature, mainly as a way of connecting with the audience but also as way of bringing the audience into the play.
Temnothorax kutteri
Temnothorax kutteri is a species of slave-making ant in the genus Temnothorax. It is native to southern France and eastern Iberia, from the Pyrenees to the Sierra Nevada. The species parasitises other ant species in the genus Temnothorax.

Slave-making ant
Slave-making ants or slaver ants are brood parasites that capture broods of other ant species to increase the worker force of their colony. After emerging in the slave-maker nest, slave workers work as if they were in their own colony, while parasite workers only concentrate on replenishing the labor force from neighboring host nests, a process called slave raiding.

The slave-making ants are specialized to parasitize a single species or a group of related species, and they are often close relatives to their hosts, which is typical for social parasites. The slave-makers may either be permanent social parasites (thus depending on enslaved ants throughout their whole lives) or facultative slave-makers. The behavior is unusual among ants but has evolved several times independently.
Alfredo Foni
Alfredo Foni (Italian pronunciation: [alˈfreːdo ˈfɔːni]; 20 January 1911 – 28 January 1985) was an Italian footballer in the 1930s and later on a coach, who played as a defender. He is one of only four players to have won both an Olympic gold medal and the FIFA World Cup with the Italy national team.

1953–54 Serie A
The 1953-54 Serie A was the fifty-second edition of the Italian Football Championship. It was the twenty-first Italian Football Championship branded Serie A, since Serie A was launched in 1929. This was the twenty-eighth season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. Internazionale were champions for the second of two consecutive wins, and for the seventh time in their history. This was their fifth scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924, and their fifth win contested as Serie A.
1901 in birding and ornithology
Events relating to birding and ornithology that occurred in 1901 include:

The description of the blue-wattled bulbul, Cape Verde swift, Solomons frogmouth, Colima pygmy-owl, fearful owl, green-breasted pitta and waterfall swift, Rothschild's lobe-billed bird-of-paradise.

German Ornithologists' Society
The German Ornithologists' Society (since 2024 German: Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft, until then German: Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft) was founded in 1850, and is one of the world's oldest existing scientific societies. Its goal is to support and further scientific ornithology in Germany on all levels. It publishes the Journal of Ornithology, founded in 1853.
Meta Quest Pro
The Meta Quest Pro is a discontinued mixed reality (MR) headset developed by Reality Labs, a division of Meta Platforms.

Unveiled on October 11, 2022, it is a high-end headset designed for mixed reality and virtual reality applications, targeting business and enthusiast users. It is differentiated from the Quest 2 by a thinner form factor leveraging pancake lenses, high resolution cameras for MR, integrated face and eye tracking, and updated controllers with on-board motion tracking.

The Quest Pro received mixed reviews, with critics praising its display and controllers, but criticizing its mixed reality cameras for having a grainy appearance and limited usefulness in its software at launch, and for its high price. Meta discontinued the Quest Pro in favor of the Meta Quest 3 in September 2024, with sales ending in January 2025.

Metaverse
A metaverse is a virtual world in which users interact while represented by avatars, typically in a 3D display, with the experience focused on social and economic connection.

The term metaverse originated in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of "meta" and "universe". In Snow Crash, the metaverse is envisioned as a version of the Internet that is a single, universal, and immersive virtual world, facilitated by the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets.

The term "metaverse" is often linked to virtual reality technology, and beginning in the early 2020s, with Web3. The term has been used as a buzzword by companies to exaggerate the development progress of various related technologies and projects for public relations purposes. Information privacy, user addiction, and user safety are concerns within the metaverse, stemming from challenges facing the social media and video game industries as a whole.
Quasirandom group
In mathematics, a quasirandom group is a group that does not contain a large product-free subset. Such groups are precisely those without a small non-trivial irreducible representation. The namesake of these groups stems from their connection to graph theory: bipartite Cayley graphs over any subset of a quasirandom group are always bipartite  quasirandom graphs.

Irreducible representation
In mathematics, specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras, an irreducible representation  or irrep of an algebraic structure  is a nonzero representation that has no proper nontrivial subrepresentation , with  closed under the action of .

Every finite-dimensional unitary representation on a Hilbert space  is the direct sum of irreducible representations. Irreducible representations are always indecomposable (i.e. cannot be decomposed further into a direct sum of representations), but the converse may not hold, e.g. the two-dimensional representation of the real numbers acting by upper triangular unipotent matrices is indecomposable but reducible.
BraviSEAmo!
BraviSEAmo! (ブラヴィッシーモ! Buravisshiimo!) was a nighttime water show at Tokyo DisneySea. The show featured water, pyrotechnic, and firework effects and was performed on the lagoon of the Mediterranean Harbor. The show was directed by Yves Pépin from ECA2 and used little dialogue, instead featuring an orchestral score by Gavin Greenaway. BraviSEAmo! replaced Tokyo DisneySea's earlier nighttime show DisneySea Symphony, and was replaced by a new version of Fantasmic! in 2011. The show ran from July 17, 2004 to November 13, 2010 and was sponsored by NTT DoCoMo throughout its run.

Tokyo DisneySea
Tokyo DisneySea (東京ディズニーシー, Tōkyō DizunīShī) is a theme park at the Tokyo Disney Resort located in Urayasu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, just next to Tokyo. It opened on 4 September 2001, at a cost of 335 billion yen. The Oriental Land Company owns the park and licenses intellectual property from the Walt Disney Company. In 2024, Tokyo DisneySea hosted 12.4 million visitors, making it the seventh-most visited theme park in the world and the third-most visited in Japan.
Hummin' to Myself (Linda Ronstadt album)
Hummin’ to Myself  is the twenty-fourth studio album by American singer Linda Ronstadt. The album debuted at #3 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart where it remained for six months. It peaked at #166 on the main Billboard album chart. It was her final solo album before her retirement in 2011, though she would record one more collaborative album in 2006 titled Adieu False Heart.

Adieu False Heart
Adieu False Heart is a collaborative album by American singer, songwriter, and producer Linda Ronstadt featuring Cajun music singer Ann Savoy. It peaked at #146 on the Billboard album chart and nominated at the 2006 Grammy Awards for Best Traditional Folk Album and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. This was Ronstadt's final studio album before her retirement in 2011 and the revelation of her affliction with Parkinson's disease (later revealed to actually be progressive supranuclear palsy) in 2013, leaving her unable to perform or sing.
Shmendrik
Shmendrik (Yiddish: שמענדריק), also rendered as schmendrick or shmendrick  is a Yiddish word meaning a stupid person or a little hapless jerk ("a pathetic sad sack"). Its origin is the name of a clueless mama's boy played by Sigmund Mogulesko in an 1877 comedy Shmendrik, oder di komishe Chaseneh (Schmendrik or The Comical Wedding) by Abraham Goldfaden. The play was inspired by a sketch presented by Mogulesco at an audition before Goldfaden. Since then the word was often used as a name in the works of Jewish humour.

Regarding the perception of the word, The Joys of Yiddish lexicon stresses the meagerness of shmendrick compared to other Jewish schm-words for luckless persons: "A shmendrik is a small, short, weak, thin, a young nebekh". This is directly opposite to mentsh (more commonly spelled as "mensch") which, in short, means a "real" man of upstanding character and a person to emulate.

Mensch
Mensch or mentsh (Yiddish: מענטש) is a Yiddish word which literally translates to "person", and figuratively means "a person of integrity and honour". Jewish American humourist Leo Rosten describes a mentsh as "someone to admire and emulate, someone of noble character. The key to being 'a real mensch' is nothing less than character, rectitude, dignity, a sense of what is right, responsible, decorous". The term is used as a high compliment, implying the rarity and value of that individual's qualities.
Snehithan
Snehithan (transl. Friend) is a 2002 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film directed by Jose Thomas starring Kunchacko Boban, Nandana, Krishna and Preetha Vijayakumar. This was the last film of N. F. Varghese and Preetha Vijayakumar as the former died and the latter retired from acting after marriage.

Pritha Hari
Pritha Hari (née Vijayakumar; born 10 January 1983) is an Indian businesswoman and former actress who predominantly acted in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. After her marriage to film director Hari, she retired from the film industry in 2002.
Vitovnica
Vitovnica is a village situated in Petrovac na Mlavi municipality in Serbia. This village was the birthplace of the important Serbian spiritual writer Thaddeus of Vitovnica. The village is also home to the Vitovnica Monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

Petrovac, Serbia
Petrovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Петровац), also known as Petrovac na Mlavi (Serbian Cyrillic: Петровац на Млави, "Petrovac-upon-Mlava"; Romanian: Piatra Mlavei) is a town and municipality located in the Braničevo District of eastern Serbia. In 2022, the population of the town is 6,958, while the population of the municipality is 25,900.
Valdrin Vatnikaj
Valdrin Vatnikaj (born September 28, 1988) is an Albanian-Belgian kickboxer who competes in the lightweight and welterweight divisions. In 2009, he won the WFCA European Championship before becoming a world champion in 2010 by taking the Kombat League 63.503 kg/140 lb world title.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.