hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National & Provincial Building Society
The National & Provincial Building Society was a mutual building society based in Bradford, England. It was established in 1982 by a merger between the Provincial Building Society and the Burnley Building Society.

On 5 August 1996, Abbey National took over the National & Provincial.

Abbey National
The Abbey National Building Society was formed in 1944 by the merger of the Abbey Road and the National building societies.

It was the first building society in the United Kingdom to demutualise, doing so in July 1989. The bank expanded through a number of acquisitions in the 1990s, including James Hay, Scottish Mutual, Scottish Provident and the rail leasing company Porterbrook. Abbey National launched an online bank, Cahoot, in June 2000.

In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of Bradford & Bingley was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed Santander UK plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Edgar V. Starnes
Edgar Vance Starnes (born September 3, 1956) is a North Carolina politician and an investor in real estate. He served as a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives for a total of approximately 20 years, from 1987 to 1988 and from 1997 through January 2015. He then resigned to become legislative liaison for North Carolina State Treasurer Janet Cowell. At the time of his resignation, Starnes represented the state's eighty-seventh House district (Caldwell County).

Janet Cowell
Janet Cowell (born July 19, 1968) is an American politician. She was elected the 63rd mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina on Nov. 5, 2024. She served as the North Carolina State Treasurer from 2009 to 2017, making her the first woman to hold that position in North Carolina. She was previously a two-term member of the Raleigh City Council and a two-term Democratic member of the North Carolina Senate, representing Wake County.
Phase 2 (artist)
Michael Lawrence Marrow (August 2, 1955 – December 12, 2019), known as PHASE 2 and Lonny Wood, was self-described aerosol paint artist based in New York City. Mostly active in the 1970s, Phase 2 is generally credited with originating the "bubble letter" style of aerosol writing, also known as "softies".

Breakdancing
Breakdancing or breaking, also called b-boying (when performed by men) or b-girling (women), is a style of street dance developed by African Americans and Puerto Ricans in The Bronx borough of New York City.

Breakdancing consists mainly of four kinds of movement—toprock, footwork, power moves, and freezes—and is typically set to songs containing drum breaks, especially in funk, soul, and hip-hop. Its modern dance elements originated among the poor youth of New York during the 1970s and early 1980s. It is tied to the birth of hip-hop, whose DJs played songs featuring rhythmic breaks for dancers.

The dance form has expanded globally, with an array of organizations and independent competitions supporting its growth. Breaking became an Olympic sport at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, as per a December 7, 2020 decision by the International Olympic Committee, after a proposal by the World DanceSport Federation.
Her Benny (novel)
Her Benny, an improving story for young people about Liverpool street children, was first published in 1879. It was the best-known and most popular work of Methodist minister and author Silas Hocking.

Published initially as a serial, and then in book form by Frederick Warne & Co. of London as Her Benny. A Story of Street Life, 1879, with illustrations by Harry Tuck.  Hocking, who had published one previous novel (Alec Green, 1878), sold the copyright of this one for just £20, but it was to establish his reputation. It became hugely successful, was translated into many languages, and sold over a million copies in the author's lifetime.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Shila Devi
Shila Devi Temple शिला देवी मंदिर is a historic Hindu temple located inside the Amer Fort in Jaipur, Rajasthan. The temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga in her form as Shila Devi and is one of the prominent Shakti shrines in the region. It was established in 1604 CE by Raja Man Singh I, the general of Mughal Emperor Akbar, who brought the idol from Jessore (present-day Bangladesh) after a military expedition.

Navaratri
Navaratri (Sanskrit: नवरात्रि, romanized: Navarātri) is an annual Hindu festival observed in honor of the goddess Durga, an aspect of Adi Parashakti, the supreme goddess. It spans over nine nights, first in the month of Chaitra (March/April of the Gregorian calendar), and again in the month of Ashvin (September–October). It is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of the Hindu - Indian cultural sphere. Theoretically, there are four seasonal Navaratris. However, in practice, it is the post-monsoon autumn festival called Sharada Navaratri. There are also two additional Navaratris as well, in Shukla Paksha of the Magha Month (Magha Gupta Navaratri) and another in the Shukla Paksha of Ashadha Month.
Gary Fjellgaard
Gary Lynn Fjellgaard (born August 14, 1937) is a Canadian country music singer-songwriter.

He has released fifteen albums and charted thirty-five songs on the RPM Country Tracks chart between 1977 and 1996, including the Top 10 singles "Walk in the Rain Tonight" (#10, 1987), "The Moon Is Out to Get Me" (with Linda Kidder, No. 10, 1989), "Cowboy in Your Heart" (#7, 1989), "Somewhere on the Island" (#7, 1990), "In My Heart" (with Kidder, No. 10, 1990) and "Train of Dreams" (#10, 1994).

Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
The Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN) is a Canadian nonprofit performance rights organization that represents the performing rights of more than 175,000 songwriters, composers and music publishers. The organization collects license fees through a music licensing program approved by the Copyright Board of Canada.

The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame and the SOCAN Foundation are divisions of SOCAN. The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame works to "honour and celebrate Canadian songwriters, and those who have dedicated their lives to the legacy of music, and to educate the public about their achievements", while the SOCAN Foundation provides awards, grant funding, and programs for Canadian musicians.
Ågerøya
Ågerøya is an island in the middle of the Blindleia strait in Lillesand Municipality in Agder county, Norway. The island is located off Kjøpmannsvik, between the islands of Justøy to the east and Furøya to the west. Ågerøya attracts many summer tourists, and the population multiplies during the summer months. The island is car-free.

Blindleia
Blindleia is a 20-kilometre (12 mi) long inland waterway in the municipality of Lillesand in Agder county, Norway.  The strait starts in the Gamle Hellesund or Ulvøysund areas in southern Høvåg in the southwest (near Kristiansand) and it continues northeast past the town of Lillesand. It is a salt water fjord passage that is protected from the open sea by an elongated archipelago of skerries and larger islands. There are several narrow gaps as part of the waterway, some of them only 10 metres (33 ft) wide.

Navigation through the passage is detailed but supposedly not difficult—since there are no tides and very little current—with clearly marked buoys and a few lighthouses along the way.
Edmonton-Mill Woods (provincial electoral district)
Edmonton-Mill Woods is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. It is one of 87 current electoral districts mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.

This urban district is located in south central Edmonton was created in the 1979 boundary redistribution from Edmonton-Avonmore. The electoral district since its creation has been a swing riding controlled by the Progressive Conservatives, New Democrats and Liberals. The current representative is New Democrat Christina Gray who was first elected in 2015, and re-elected in 2019.

Edmonton-Avonmore
Edmonton-Avonmore was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting from 1971 to 1997.
Armavir, Armenia
Armavir (Armenian: Արմավիր [ɑɾmɑˈviɾ]), is a town and urban municipal community located in the west of Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Armavir Province. It was founded in 1931 by the government of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town is 29,319, down from 46,900 as reported in the 1989 census. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town is 27,470. Currently, the town has a population of  38,495  as per the 2023 official estimate.

The town was known as Sardarapat before 1935, and Hoktemberyan from 1935 to 1995. Currently, Armavir is the seat of the Diocese of Armavir of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

Armavir (ancient city)
Armavir (Old Armenian: Արմաւիր; also called Armaouira in antiquity) was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of the Orontid dynasty. Its ruins are located 1 kilometer west of the modern Armenian village of Armavir.
Molėtai District Municipality
The Molėtai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania.

Molėtai is known for its many lakes. There are about 220 lakes in the district and they cover about 7% of the total territory. Since it is only about 60 km north of Vilnius, many Vilnians own summer homes there. The area offers many recreational opportunities. It is easy to reach Molėtai because there is a highway connecting Vilnius and Utena which divides the district into two almost equal parts. Since there is little industry, the district is proud of its lack of pollution. The land is not very fertile, therefore the district's government is focused on developing tourism.

Another natural resource of the district are its forests which cover about 26.6% of its territory.

Molėtai
Molėtai (pronunciationⓘ; Polish: Malaty; German: Mulau) is a city in north eastern Lithuania surrounded by lakes. One of the oldest settlements in Lithuania, it is a popular resort for the inhabitants of Vilnius. According to the 2013 census, it had 6,302 inhabitants. Known for the famous fisherman’s day. The town is located about 60 km (37 mi) north of Vilnius and 30 km (19 mi) south of Utena.
Gloria Marín
Gloria Méndez Ramos (19 April 1919 – 13 April 1983), known professionally as Gloria Marín, was a Mexican actress. She was considered a celebrated female star of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.

During her career, Marín appeared in about 100 films and television series. She received an Ariel Award nomination for her leading performance in the 1948 film Si Adelita se fuera con otro.

National Mechanics
National Mechanics (Spanish:Mecánica nacional) is a 1972 Mexican comedy film filmed in May 1971 with locations near the free highway to Cuernavaca, and directed and written by Luis Alcoriza. It was released in Mexico City on December 28, 1972.
African sacred ibis
The African sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) is a species of ibis, a wading bird of the family Threskiornithidae. It is native to much of Africa, as well as small parts of Iraq, Iran and Kuwait. It is especially known for its role in Ancient Egyptian religion, where it was linked to the god Thoth. The species is currently extirpated from Egypt.

Cape cormorant
The Cape cormorant (Phalacrocorax capensis), also known as the Cape shag, is a member of the cormorant family. It is endemic to the southwestern coast of Africa, and classified as "Endangered" by the IUCN.  The Cape cormorant is most closely related to the great cormorant and Japanese cormorant.
Mount Ebal lead object
The Mount Ebal Lead Object (also known as the 'Mount Ebal Curse Tablet') is a folded lead sheet reportedly found on Mount Ebal in the West Bank, near Nablus, in December 2019. The artifact was discovered by a team of archaeologists led by Scott Stripling.

Stripling's team claims it is the oldest known Hebrew inscription, preceding the Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon by at least two centuries (with the curse tablet dated to around 1200 BC). The tablet has been the subject of scholarly skepticism, centered around tardy peer review and sensational claims with little evidence to back them up. Most of the skeptics contend it contains no legible writing at all.

The alleged inscription was published in May 2023. The claimed findings were nearly universally rejected by scholarly commentators.

Amihai Mazar
Amihai "Ami" Mazar (Hebrew: עמיחי מזר; born November 19, 1942) is an Israeli archaeologist. Born in Haifa, Israel (then the British Mandate of Palestine), he has been since 1994 a professor at the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, holding the Eleazer Sukenik Chair in the Archaeology of Israel.

His Archaeology of the Land of the Bible is a widely used textbook for Israelite archaeology in universities.

Mazar's work has resulted in the Modified Conventional Chronology being the most widely accepted framework for the Israelite chronology during the Iron Age period.

Mazar is married with three children and resides in Jerusalem. He is the nephew of Benjamin Mazar, one of the first generation of pioneering Israeli archaeologists after Independence, and cousin to the late archaeologist Eilat Mazar.
Baikalia
Baikalia (also transcribed as Baykalia. Russian: Прибайкалье, romanized: Pribaykal'ye) is a vague geographical term referring to the region around Lake Baikal. It is less common than the concept of Transbaikalia, the area to the east of Lake Baikal. The term Baikalia is loosely defined and has no official definition.

Circum–Baikal railway
The Circum–Baikal railway (Russian: Кругобайка́льская желе́зная доро́га or Кругобайка́лка, abbreviated "КБЖД") is a historical railway in the Irkutsk region of Russia. It runs along the Northern shore of the Southern extremity of Lake Baikal from the town of Slyudyanka to the Baikal settlement. Until the middle of the 20th century the Circum–Baikal railway was part of the main line of Trans–Siberian Railway; later on, however, a duplicate section of the railway was built. Sometimes called a unique achievement in engineering, the Circum–Baikal is one of the picturesque sights of the area around Lake Baikal.
Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Featherweight
The Featherweight class in the boxing competition was the fourth-lowest weight class.  Featherweights were limited to those boxers weighing a maximum of 57 kilograms (125.7 lbs). The event took place between 15 and 26 October 1968 at Arena México.

Mexican Antonio Roldán won the gold medal after Al Robinson from the United States was controversially disqualified for alleged head-butting in the gold medal bout, and did not receive his silver medal. After a successful protest by American officials, Robinson was awarded silver. The losing semifinalists, Philip Waruinge from Kenya and Ivan Mihailov from Bulgaria, both received bronze medals.

Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The boxing programme of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico was held at the Arena México. Medals were awarded in eleven events, with each event corresponding to a recognized weight division of male boxers.
Glossary of commutative algebra
This is a glossary of commutative algebra.

See also list of algebraic geometry topics, glossary of classical algebraic geometry, glossary of algebraic geometry, glossary of ring theory and glossary of module theory.

In this article, all rings are assumed to be commutative with identity 1.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Wellington, New South Wales
Wellington is a town in the Central Western Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia, located at the junction of the Wambuul Macquarie and Bell Rivers. It is within the local government area of Dubbo Regional Council. The town is 362 kilometres (225 mi) northwest of Sydney on the Mitchell Highway and Main Western Railway, and 50 km southeast of Dubbo, the main centre of the Central Western Slopes region.

Wellington was the second European settlement west of the Blue Mountains, first established as a convict establishment in 1823.

Dubbo Regional Council
The Dubbo Regional Council is a local government area located in the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a merger of the City of Dubbo and Wellington Council as part of a widespread council amalgamation program. It was initially named Western Plains Regional Council for almost four months, and its name was changed to Dubbo Regional Council on 7 September 2016.

The council comprises an area of 7,536 square kilometres (2,910 sq mi) and occupies part of the central western plains of New South Wales, surrounding the regional centre of Dubbo. As at the 2016 census, the council had an estimated population of 50,077.

The current mayor of Dubbo Regional Council is Councillor Josh Black.
Jason P. Lester
Jason P. Lester is an endurance athlete, the author of the book Running on Faith, and the 2009 ESPY Award winner for Best Male Athlete with a Disability. He is the first disabled athlete to complete the Ultraman World Championships. He is the Founder of EPIC5 Challenge, EP1CMAN and The NEVER STOP Foundation.

Lester has completed endurance challenges such as the EPIC5 Challenge (5 Iron distance triathlons on 5 Hawaiian islands in 5 consecutive days), and a 1,000-mile (1,600 km) run and 4,000-mile (6,400 km) bike across the United States. On May 5, 2013, Lester ran 3,550 miles (5,710 km) across the United States, becoming the 4th fastest runner to run from San Francisco to New York City to raise money for Hurricane Sandy victims. He ran 2,600 miles (4,200 km) along The Great Wall of China in 83 days, setting a world record by becoming the first person to run the length of the wall solo in a single attempt.

Ironman World Championship
The Ironman World Championship is a triathlon held annually in Hawaii, United States from 1978 to 2022, with no race in 2020 and an additional race in 1982. It is owned and organized by the World Triathlon Corporation. It is the annual culmination of a series of Ironman triathlon qualification races held throughout the world. From 2023 to 2025, the Men's and Women's Ironman World Championships were separated with one at Kona and the other hosted at another venue. Beginning in 2026, both the men's and women's races of the championship will once more take place in Kailua-Kona.
Shringartali
Shringartali is a large village in the Guhagar Taluka region of Ratnagiri in the Indian state of Maharashtra.  It is situated between Chiplun and Guhagar. The economy of Guhagar boomed after the RGPPL was commissioned in 1990. Agriculture includes alphanso mangoes (hapus), harvested from March to the end of May, and are distributed to Mumbai.
It is the capital of Guhagar. Major businesses and educational institutes are located here. The town is on Guhagar-Bijapur highway.

Chiplun
Chiplun (pronunciationⓘ [t͡ʃipɭuːɳ]) is a city in Ratnagiri district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the financial and commercial hubs of Ratnagiri district, and the headquarters of Chiplun taluka. It is about 250 km south of Mumbai and 90 km North of Ratnagiri in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, on the Mumbai–Goa highway (NH-66). It has a long history and a strong cultural background. Recent decades have seen much industrial development in it and its and surrounding areas.
Unmanned underwater vehicle
Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), also known as underwater drones, or unmanned submarines, are submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant, either remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROUVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced /ˈhuːi/ HOO-ee) is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of marine science and engineering.

Established in 1930 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, it is the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the U.S., with staff and students numbering about 1,000.
Sierosław, Łódź Voivodeship
Sierosław [ɕɛˈrɔswaf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Moszczenica, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Moszczenica, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 34 km (21 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Moszczenica, Piotrków County
Moszczenica [mɔʂt͡ʂɛˈnit͡sa] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Moszczenica. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north of Piotrków Trybunalski and 36 km (22 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G.
Swinging Suites by Edward E. & Edward G. (also known as Peer Gynt Suite/Suite Thursday) is an album by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington recorded for the Columbia label in 1960 featuring a jazz interpretation of Peer Gynt by Edvard Grieg and Ellington's tribute to John Steinbeck's Sweet Thursday, co-written by Billy Strayhorn. The album was rereleased on CD as Three Suites along with Ellington's reworking of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker in 1990.

Peer Gynt (Grieg)
Peer Gynt, Op. 23, is the incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play Peer Gynt, written by the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg in 1875. It premiered along with the play on 24 February 1876 in Christiania (now Oslo). Grieg later created two suites from his Peer Gynt music. Some of the music from these suites has received coverage in popular culture.