hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham Redwood
Abraham Redwood (February 15, 1709 – March 7, 1788) was a West Indies merchant, slave trader, plantation owner, and philanthropist from Newport, Rhode Island. He is the namesake of the Redwood Library and Athenaeum, one of the oldest libraries in the United States. Redwood was President of the Redwood Library and Athenaeum from its founding in 1747 to 1788.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was an English colony on the eastern coast of North America, founded in 1636 by Puritan minister Roger Williams, at a settlement he originally called Providence Plantations, after his exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Joined by three other settlements soon founded on Narragansett Bay, the colony became a haven for religious dissenters and was known for its commitment to religious freedom and self-governance.

The four Narragansett Bay settlements created an official confederacy through a charter under the Patent of 1643–1644, granted by the English Parliament. It received a more comprehensive Royal Charter in 1663 from King Charles II, which established its government and guaranteed its religious liberties. Rhode Island continued as a self-governing colony until 1776, when it declared independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution, becoming the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Church invisible
The church invisible,  invisible church, mystical church or church mystical, is a Christian theological concept of an "invisible" Christian Church of the elect who are known only to those who are Christian followers of the gospel of Jesus Christ and genuinely saved, in contrast to the "visible church"—that is, the institutional body on earth which preaches the gospel and administers the sacraments. Every member of the invisible church is "saved", while the visible church contains all individuals who are saved though also having some who are "unsaved". According to this view, Bible passages such as Matthew 7:21–27, Matthew 13:24–30, and Matthew 24:29–51 speak about this distinction.

Unconditional election
Unconditional election (also called sovereign election or unconditional grace) is a Calvinist doctrine relating to predestination that describes the actions and motives of God prior to his creation of the world, when he predestined some people to receive salvation, the elect, and the rest he left to continue in their sins and receive the just punishment, eternal damnation, for their transgressions of God's law as outlined in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.

The alternative view to unconditional election is the Arminian doctrine of conditional election, the belief that God predestinates for eternal salvation those whom he foreknows will respond to God's prevenient grace with given faith in Christ's atonement. God's election was for a clear unalterable purpose, to elect those who will believe.
Walter Markov
Walter Karl Hugo Markov (born Mulec; 5 October 1909 – 3 July 1993) was a German historian. Shortly after he received his doctorate, a promising academic career was interrupted in 1934 when he joined the (by this time illegal) Communist Party and briefly became a resistance activist. In 1935 he was sentenced to twelve years in prison, but ten years later in April 1945, as the Hitler regime collapsed, he was one of a number of long-term inmates from the Siegburg jail who organised their own "self-release", with the help of two pistols that he had been able to purchase, already loaded, on the prison black market.

After the war, according to more than one source he became one of very few historians from the German Democratic Republic who built a reputation for serious historical scholarship beyond the confines of the East German academic establishment.

Arnold J. Toynbee
Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH FBA (/ˈtɔɪnbi/; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London. From 1918 to 1950, Toynbee was considered a leading specialist on international affairs; from 1929 to 1956 he was the Director of Studies at Chatham House, in which position he also produced 34 volumes of the Survey of International Affairs, a "bible" for international specialists in Britain.

He is best known for his 12-volume A Study of History (1934–1961). With his prodigious output of papers, articles, speeches and presentations, and numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was widely read and discussed in the 1940s and 1950s.
Kentra Bay
Kentra Bay, also known as the Singing Sands,  is a remote tidal, 306° orientated, coastal embayment located on the northern shore of the Ardnamurchan peninsula, at the extreme eastern side, where it meets the mainland proper, near Acharacle, in the western Highlands of Scotland. Kentra Bay contains a large expanse of mudflat at low tide and small fragments of salt marsh, sand dune, and machair. Kentra Bay is an inland bay separated from the sea via a channel at the northeast side.

Ardnamurchan
Ardnamurchan (/ˌɑːrdnəˈmɜːrxən/, Scottish Gaelic: Àird nam Murchan [aːrˠʃtʲ nə ˈmuɾuxan]) is a 50-square-mile (130-square-kilometre) peninsula in the ward management area of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for its remoteness and rural nature. Its remoteness is accentuated by the main access route being a single track road for much of its length. The most westerly point of mainland Great Britain, Corrachadh Mòr, is in Ardnamurchan.

The area was historically ruled by the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan from the 1300s until 1618.

From 1930 to 1975 Ardnamurchan also gave its name to a landward district of Argyll, which covered a much wider area, including the districts of Morvern, Sunart and Ardgour.
2007 Oakland Raiders season
The 2007 Oakland Raiders season was the 48th overall season of the Oakland Raiders franchise, the franchise's 38th season in the National Football League (NFL), their 13th season since their return to Oakland and the 1st season under head coach Lane Kiffin.  The team finished the season with a 4–12 record. It began with the team's fourth head coach in six seasons.

By virtue of the team's 2–14 finish in 2006 (the worst in the NFL for that year), they acquired the first overall pick in the 2007 NFL draft. With that first pick, the Raiders selected LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell, who went on to be one of the biggest busts in NFL history.

As in 2005 and 2006, the Raiders faced both participants from the previous season's Super Bowl. In 2007, they had home games scheduled against the Chicago Bears and Indianapolis Colts from Super Bowl XLI. They lost to both teams.

Lane Kiffin
Lane Monte Kiffin (born May 9, 1975) is an American football coach who is the head football coach at Louisiana State University (LSU). He served as the head coach of the Oakland Raiders from 2007 to 2008, the University of Tennessee in 2009, USC from 2010 to 2013, Florida Atlantic from 2017 to 2019, and Ole Miss from 2020 to 2025.

He was the youngest head coach in modern NFL history at the time when he joined the Raiders (until 2017 when Sean McVay joined the Rams), and, for a time, was the youngest head coach of a power conference team in college football when he was at Tennessee and USC. Kiffin later served as the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama from 2014 until 2016, when he was hired to be the head coach at Florida Atlantic, a position he held until 2019, when he became the head coach at Ole Miss. In 2025, as his team was preparing for the playoffs, Kiffin left to become the head coach at LSU.
Laiko General Hospital
People's General Hospital (Greek: Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Αθηνών «Λαϊκό») is a public teaching hospital in Athens, Greece. The hospital belongs to the Greek National Healthcare System under the 1st Healthcare Region of Attica and comprises numerous clinics, labs, inpatient wards and outpatient departments.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Adi Stein
Adi Stein (Hebrew: עדי שטיין) is a retired Israeli football midfielder and a football coach. Stein had played in the Israeli First League for ASA Tel Aviv, as well as in the NCAA with the West Texas A&M Buffaloes. She had played in the Champions League with Maccabi Haifa and ASA Tel Aviv. and was a member of the Israeli national team; she made her debut in the 2007 World Cup qualifying against Wales.

2001–02 Israeli Women's Cup
The 2001–02 Israeli Women's Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה נשים, Gvia HaMedina Nashim) was the fourth season of Israel's women's nationwide football cup competition.

The competition was won by Maccabi Haifa who had beaten Hapoel Tel Aviv 5–0 in the final.
Cook Park (Tigard, Oregon)
Cook Park, also known as Cook Family Park is a 79-acre (32 ha) ADA accessible neighborhood park in Tigard, Oregon, United States. It features four baseball fields, a soccer field, basketball courts, a boat ramp, a butterfly garden, a horseshoe pit, multiple gazebos, paved and unpaved paths, playgrounds, picnic shelters and restrooms. The park is located south past Tigard High School at the end of SW 92nd Ave.

The park shares a name with the nearby neighborhoods as well.

Tigard, Oregon
Tigard (/ˈtaɪɡərd/ ⓘ TY-gərd) is a city in Washington County, Oregon, United States. The population was 54,539 at the 2020 census, making it the 12th most populous city in Oregon. Incorporated in 1961, the city is located south of Beaverton and north of Tualatin, and is part of the Portland metropolitan area. Interstate 5 and Oregon Route 217 are the main freeways in the city, with Oregon Route 99W and Oregon Route 210 serving as other major highways. Public transit service is provided by TriMet, via several bus routes and the WES Commuter Rail line.
Weidenau
Weidenau is a suburban part (Stadtteil) of the city Siegen in Germany.

Weidenau, a northern part of Siegen, shares borders with Niedersetzen in the north, Geisweid in the north-west, the central part of Siegen in the south, Birlenbach in the west, Bürbach in the south-east and Dreis-Tiefenbach, a part of the city of Netphen in the north-east.

The University of Siegen is located in Weidenau.

University of Siegen
The University of Siegen (German: Universität Siegen) is a public research university located in Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia and is part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, a society of Germany's leading research universities. The university was founded in 1972. As of 2017, 18,618 students were enrolled at the university.
Ethnicity in Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda is mostly of African descent, with Antiguans and Barbudans being classified into seven ethnic divisions as of the last census in 2011. In that census, 81,066 people declared their ethnicity, out of a total population of  86,295. In descending order, the largest ethnic groups are: Africans, other mixed, Hispanic, white, Indian (from the country of India), other, mixed (black/white), and Syrian/Lebanese. All inhabited parishes and dependencies in the country are majority-African.

Syrian and Lebanese Antiguans and Barbudans
Syrian and Lebanese Antiguans and Barbudans are Antiguans and Barbudans of Arab ethnicity, regardless of whether or not they are actually from Syria or Lebanon. The first Syrian and Lebanese people moved to Antigua in the 1950s, and by the 1970s they had formed a small community. Since then, the population has steadily grown to 570 in 2011. The Syrian and Lebanese population is primarily involved in the importing business, and due to this, they form much of the country's upper class.
Amy Davis
Amy Davis is an American fashion illustrator, filmmaker, and lo-fi musician. Her illustrations have been in shows all over the world, as well as published in magazines and books. She is recently divorced from filmmaker Jon Moritsugu, and helps run his film production company, Apathy Productions.

Paper (magazine)
Paper (also known as Paper Mag) is a New York City-based independent magazine focusing on fashion, popular culture, nightlife, music, art, and film. Initially produced monthly, the magazine eventually became a quarterly publication, and a digital version was made available online at papermag.com.

In 2020, physical production of the magazine was paused following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The publication continued to create and release content online via its website.
Masquerade ceremony
A masquerade ceremony (or masked rite, festival, procession or dance) is a cultural or religious event involving the wearing of masks. The practice has been seen throughout history from the prehistoric era to present day. They have a variety of themes. Their meanings can range from anything including life, death, and fertility. In the Dogon religion, the traditional beliefs of the Dogon people of Mali, there are several mask dances, including the Sigi festival. The Sigi entered the Guinness Book of Records as the "Longest religious ceremony".

Among other examples are West African and African diaspora masquerades such as Egungun masquerades, Eyo masquerades, Northern Edo masquerades, the Omabe festival of Nsukka, the Akatakpa festival of Obollo-Afor, Caribbean Carnival (which is called "Mas"), Jonkonnu, and Mardi Gras Indians.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.
Complex dynamics
Complex dynamics, or holomorphic dynamics, is the study of dynamical systems obtained by iterating a complex analytic mapping. This article focuses on the case of algebraic dynamics, where a polynomial or rational function is iterated. In geometric terms, that amounts to iterating a mapping from some algebraic variety to itself. The related theory of arithmetic dynamics studies iteration over the rational numbers or the p-adic numbers instead of the complex numbers.

Dinh Tien-Cuong
Dinh Tien-Cuong (Vietnamese: Đinh Tiến Cường, born May 1973 in Hai Duong, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese mathematician educated by the French school of mathematics, and Provost’s chair professor at National University of Singapore (NUS). He held professorship at Pierre and Marie Curie University (2005–2014), part-time professorship at Ecole Polytechnique de Paris (2005–2014) and at Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris (2012–2014). He is known for his work on Several Complex Variables and Complex Dynamical Systems in Higher Dimension.
Phazas the Iberian
Phazas (Georgian: ფაზა, romanized: paza) was a Chosroid prince of the Kingdom of Iberia and a cavalry officer in the Roman (Byzantine) service during the Gothic War (535–554). He was a nephew of Peranius and cousin of Pacurius.

In 542, he commanded an Armenian force sent with Maximinus by sea from Constantinople to Italy. The expedition was delayed at Syracuse whence Phazas was sent to assist Naples, besieged by the Goths; a storm drove the Roman ships ashore close to the Gothic camp. Many were killed or captured, but Phazas and Herodianus, commander of the Thracian corps, with a few others escaped. In late 547, Phazas accompanied Belisarius to Tarentum and, together with Barbation, was entrusted with the duty to guard the passes around Crotone where he clashed with the cavalry of the Ostrogoth king Totila. His force was annihilated and Phazas himself was killed in action.

Chosroid dynasty
The Chosroid dynasty (a Latinization of Khosro[v]ianni, Georgian: ხოსრო[ვ]იანები), also known as the Iberian Mihranids, were a dynasty of kings and later presiding princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia from the 4th to the 9th centuries. The family, of Iranian Mihranid origin, accepted Christianity as their official religion c. 337 (or 319/326), and maneuvered between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Iran to retain a degree of independence. After the abolition of the Iberian kingship by the Sassanids c. 580, the dynasty survived in its two closely related, but sometimes competing princely branches—the elder Chosroid and the younger Guaramid—down to the early ninth century when they were succeeded by the Georgian Bagratids on the throne of Iberia.
Vekhovstvo
Vekhovstvo (vekhovtsy) was a philosophical and socio–political trend in the Russian intellectual environment at the beginning of the 20th century that received its name from the programmatic collection Vekhi (1909). The initiator of the publication of Vekhi was Mikhail Gershenzon.

Among the authors of the collection were four former Marxists: Nikolai Berdyaev, Sergei Bulgakov, Peter Struve, and Semyon Frank, who took a position of Christian religiosity, rejecting Marxism as a purely economic doctrine that does not answer the fundamental questions of human existence.

The first collection of Vekhovist works was Problems of Idealism (1902), and the final one was From the Depths (1918).

Nikolai Berdyaev
Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːjɛf, -jɛv/; Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; 18 March [O.S. 6 March] 1874 – 24 March 1948) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person.
Chamaecydin
Chamaecydin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C30H40O3. It is made up of three six-membered rings and two five-membered rings and has one polar hydroxyl functional group. It is well preserved in the rock record and is only found in a specific family of conifers, the swamp cypress subfamily. The presence and abundance of chamaecydin in the rock record can reveal environmental changes in ancient biomes.

Cypress
Cypress is a common name for species in several genera in the family Cupressaceae. They grow in temperate climates and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

The word cypress is derived from Old French cipres, which was imported from Latin cypressus, the latinisation of the Greek κυπάρισσος (kyparissos). The name derives from Cyparissus, a mythological figure who was turned into a cypress tree after killing a stag.
Robert E. Leachman
Robert E. Leachman (1806 – June 13, 1892) was an American lawyer, politician, and judge in Mississippi. He served several terms in the Mississippi State Senate, and was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Mississippi.

Kemper County, Mississippi
Kemper County is a county located on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,988. Its county seat is De Kalb. The county is named in honor of Reuben Kemper.

The county is part of the Meridian, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area. In 2010 the Mississippi Public Service Commission approved construction of the Kemper Project, designed to use "clean coal" to produce electricity for 23 counties in the eastern part of the state. As of February 2017, it was not completed and had cost overruns. It is designed as a model project to use gasification and carbon-capture technologies at this scale.

East Mississippi Community College is located in Kemper County in the town of Scooba, at the junction of US 45 and Mississippi Highway 16.
Gao Hucheng
Gao Hucheng (Chinese: 高虎城; born August 1951) is a retired Chinese politician and business executive. Between 2013 and 2017, he served as the Commerce Minister of the People's Republic of China. Previously, he was Vice Minister of Commerce and Vice Chairman of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Gao holds a doctoral degree in sociology from the University of Paris VII and is fluent in French.

Minister of Commerce (China)
The minister of commerce of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is twentieth in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Wang Wentao, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the ministry.
Aporé River
The Aporé River (Portuguese, Rio Aporé, also called Rio do Peixe) is a river forming the border between Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul states in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Paranaíba River, which enters the reservoir created by Ilha Solteira Dam on the Paraná River.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Baking (make-up)
Baking is a make-up technique which includes applying a heavy amount of translucent powder under the eyes and on the high points of the face, including the 'T' zone, to set the base make-up. It is also used to extract oils from the face.

This technique can be used on a variety of different skin types and shades to highlight the under eye area and high points of the face such as the cheek bones, the bridge of the nose, the chin and the forehead. The effects of the powder are to soak up facial oils and to help the foundation melt into the skin. This prevents creasing in the baked areas while maximising coverage and longevity of the make-up to leave the face looking matte.

Foundation (cosmetics)
Foundation is a liquid, cream, or powder makeup applied to the face and neck to create an even, uniform color to the complexion, cover flaws and sometimes change the natural skin tone. Some foundations also function as a moisturizer, sunscreen, astringent or base layer for more complex cosmetics. Foundation applied to the body is generally referred to as "body painting" or "body makeup".