hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astrohibiscus
Astrohibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. It includes a single species, Astrohibiscus caesius, a shrub native to southern tropical Africa and the Indian subcontinent.

The species is native to southern tropical Africa, ranging from southwestern Tanzania to Angola and the Northern Provinces of South Africa, as well as India and Pakistan.

The species was first described as Hibiscus caesius by Christian August Friedrich Garcke in 1849. In 2024 Todd McLay and  Russell Lindsay Barrett placed the species in the newly described monotypic genus Astrohibiscus as Astrohibiscus caesius.

Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.
Lata Thakur
Lata Thakur (21 August 1941 – 14 December 1976) was an Indian politician. She was an MLA from the Lahaul and Spiti Assembly Constituency in the 1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly. She belonged to the Indian National Congress. Lata Thakur was the first female legislator from Lahaul and Spiti, and the first female Scheduled Tribe MLA in all of Himachal Pradesh.

1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held in March 1972 to elect members of the 68 constituencies in Himachal Pradesh, India. The Indian National Congress won the popular vote and a majority of seats and Yashwant Singh Parmar was reappointed as the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. The number of constituencies was set as 68 by the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.
Emily Greene Balch
Emily Greene Balch (January 8, 1867 – January 9, 1961) was an American economist,  sociologist and pacifist. Balch combined an academic career at Wellesley College with a long-standing interest in social issues such as poverty, child labor, and immigration, as well as settlement work to uplift poor immigrants and reduce juvenile delinquency.

She moved into the peace movement at the start of World War I in 1914, and began collaborating with Jane Addams of Chicago. She became a central leader of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) based in Switzerland, for which she won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946, sharing the win with John Mott.

Women's Trade Union League
The Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) (1903–1950) was a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions. The WTUL played an important role in supporting the massive strikes in the first two decades of the twentieth century that established the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and in campaigning for women's suffrage among men and women workers.
Bloch MB.210
The Bloch MB.210 and MB.211 were the successors of the French Bloch MB.200 bomber developed by Société des Avions Marcel Bloch in the 1930s and differed primarily in being low wing monoplanes rather than high wing monoplanes.

Gnome-Rhône 14N
The Gnome-Rhône 14N was a 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine designed and manufactured by Gnome-Rhône just before the start of World War II. A development of the Gnome-Rhône 14K, the 14N was used on several French and even one German aircraft.
Cortanze
Cortanze is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Asti. As of 31 january 2024, it had a population of 258 and an area of 4.5 square kilometres (1.7 mi2).

The municipality of Cortanze contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Roera and San Rocco.

Cortanze borders the following municipalities: Cunico, Montechiaro d’Asti, Piea, Soglio, and Viale.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
Montchanin coal mine
The Montchanin coal mines were collieries that operated between 1820 and 1913 in the commune of Montchanin and several neighboring communes in Saône-et-Loire, central-eastern France.

Two concessions (Montchanin and Longpendu) were granted, before being merged in 1866 and acquired by Schneider et Cie in 1869. Mining at Montchanin enjoyed two periods of prosperity (1849-1864 and 1875-1885), before declining and collapsing at the beginning of the 20th century. The total production of the deposit, which belongs to the Blanzy coalfield, amounts to 7 million tons.

At the beginning of the 21st century, several remnants remain, including slag heaps, partially open shafts, ventilation shafts, and ruins of mining buildings.

Coal preparation plant
A coal preparation plant (CPP; known as a coal handling and preparation plant (CHPP), coal handling plant, prep plant, Coal Washery, tipple or wash plant) is a facility that washes coal of soil and rock, crushes it into graded sized chunks (sorting), stockpiles grades preparing it for transport to market, and more often than not, also loads coal into rail cars, barges, or ships.

The more of this waste material that can be removed from coal, the lower its total ash content, the greater its market value and the lower its transportation costs.
Nirupama Rao
Nirupama Menon Rao (born 6 December 1950) is a retired civil servant of 1973 batch Indian Foreign Service cadre who served as India's Foreign Secretary from 2009 to 2011, as well as being India's Ambassador to the United States, China and Sri Lanka (High Commissioner) during her career.

In July 2009, she became the second woman (after Chokila Iyer) to hold the post of India's Foreign Secretary, the head of the Indian Foreign Service. In her career she served in several capacities including, Minister of Press, Information and Culture in Washington DC, Deputy Chief of Mission in Moscow, stints in the MEA as Joint Secretary, East Asia and External Publicity, the latter position making her the first woman spokesperson of the MEA, Chief of Personnel, Ambassador to Peru and China, and High Commissioner to Sri Lanka.

Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs
The Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs is an Indian government official whose primary responsibility is to serve as the spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs and to deal with other media affairs relating to Indian foreign policy. The spokesperson is usually a Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary rank officer, and formally heads the External Publicity division in the Ministry.

Currently, Randhir Jaiswal, an officer of the 1998 batch of Indian Foreign Service is the Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs.
2023 Torneig Internacional Els Gorchs
The 2023 Torneig Internacional Els Gorchs is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the twelfth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Les Franqueses del Vallès, Spain between 23 and 29 October 2023.

Torneig Internacional Els Gorchs
The Torneig Internacional Els Gorchs is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts. The event is now classified as a $100,000 (2019: $60k, 2018: $25k; 2005–2013: $10k) ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Les Franqueses del Vallès, Spain, since 2005.
Croviana
Croviana (local dialect: Croviàna) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Trento.               Croviana borders the following municipalities: Malè, Cles and Dimaro Folgarida

The village of Croviana is an ancient settlement located in the valley floor, historically serving as an agricultural, artisanal, and commercial center. Its location also makes it attractive from a tourist perspective. The village is divided into three areas: Carbonara to the southeast, Liciasa to the southwest towards Monclassico, and Croviana to the north towards Malé.

The origins of Croviana date back to the 1200s, when the toponym was documented for the first time. It derives from the Latin name Corvius with the suffix -ana. Located in the Val di Sole, the territory of Croviana was a Roman colony and hosted human settlements since prehistoric times.

Rabbi, Trentino
Rabbi (Rabi in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,447 and an area of 132.4 square kilometres (51.1 mi2).

Rabbi borders the following municipalities: Ulten, Martell, Bresimo, Peio, Malè, Mezzana, Commezzadura and Pellizzano.
Abzakh dialect
The Abzakh dialect (Adyghe: Абдзахабзэ; Kabardian: Абдзахэбзэ) is one of the Adyghe language dialects. The Abzakh dialect is spoken by the Abzakh which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea alongside Shapsugs.

Postalveolar ejective affricate
A palato-alveolar ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ʃʼ⟩. In some languages it is phonemically a palatal ejective.
JD–MBA
A JD–MBA is a dual degree program in which a student concurrently earns Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration degrees from a university's graduate law school and business school. JD–MBA programs are commonly offered in the United States and Canada. They integrate legal and business training through a structured cross-credit system that allows certain approved courses to count toward the requirements for both degrees. This enables students to complete both the three-year JD program and the two-year MBA program in four years, instead of the five years the degrees would take if done consecutively.

Law school in the United States
A law school in the United States is an educational institution where students obtain a professional education in law after first obtaining an undergraduate degree.

Law schools in the U.S. confer the degree of Juris Doctor (J.D.), which is a professional doctorate. It is the degree usually required to practice law in the United States, and the final degree obtained by most practitioners in the field. Juris Doctor programs at law schools are usually three-year programs if done full-time, or four-year programs if done via evening classes. Some U.S. law schools include an Accelerated JD program.

Other degrees that are awarded include the Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D.) degrees, which can be more international in scope. Most law schools are colleges, schools or other units within a larger post-secondary institution, such as a university. Legal education is very different in the United States than in many other parts of the world.
Saturn Airways
Saturn Airways was a US supplemental air carrier (meaning, from 1964, a charter carrier) overseen by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct Federal agency that, at the time, tightly regulated almost all US commercial air transport. From 1965, Saturn was majority owned by Howard Korth, who previously controlled AAXICO Airlines, which merged into Saturn that year. Originally a Florida company, Saturn moved to Oakland, California in 1967, headquartered at Oakland International Airport. Saturn flew Douglas DC-8 passenger charters to Europe from the late 1960s, but by the time it merged into Trans International Airlines (TIA) in 1976, Saturn was purely a cargo airline with a significant military business, including flying Lockheed L-100 Hercules aircraft.

Douglas DC-6
The Douglas DC-6 is a piston-powered airliner and cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1946 to 1958. Originally intended as a military transport near the end of World War II, Douglas reworked it after the war to compete with the Lockheed Constellation in the long-range commercial transport market. Douglas built over 700, and many still fly in cargo, military, and wildfire control roles.

The DC-6 was known as the C-118 Liftmaster in United States Air Force service and as the R6D in United States Navy service before 1962, after which all U.S. Navy variants were also designated as the C-118.
Gabri (footballer, born 1979)
Gabriel Francisco García de la Torre (born 10 February 1979), known as Gabri, is a Spanish former footballer, currently manager of CE Atlètic Lleida. Mainly a midfielder who could play in the right or the middle, he could also appear as an attacking right-back.

He spent seven years of his professional career with Barcelona (13 counting youth teams), winning four major titles but almost exclusively as a backup, totalling 194 games and 13 goals. He also played four seasons with Ajax.

Gabri represented Spain at Euro 2004. He later managed in the Spanish lower divisions.

2005–06 La Liga
The 2005–06 La Liga season was the 75th since its establishment. It began on 27 August 2005, and concluded on 19 May 2006; all top-flight European leagues ended earlier than the previous season due to the impending 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Barbara (Yakovleva)
Varvara Alexeyevna Yakovleva (Russian: Варвара Алексеевна Яковлева; c. 1880 – July 18, 1918), called Nun Barbara (Russian: Инокиня Варвара), was a Russian Orthodox nun in the convent of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna. She was killed by the Bolsheviks along with the grand duchess and Prince Ioann Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Igor Konstantinovich of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of Russia, Fyodor Remez, Grand Duke Sergei's secretary, and Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley at Alapaevsk.

She was later canonized as a martyr by both the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church within Russia.

Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia
Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia (Russian: Игорь Константинович; 10 June 1894 – 18 July 1918) was the sixth child of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia by his wife Elisaveta Mavrikievna née Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.
Mahamane Ousmane
Mahamane Ousmane (born 20 January 1950) is a Nigerien politician. Elected as the fourth President of Niger at 43 years old, he is the youngest elected president in Africa. He was also the first democratically elected president of his country, serving from 16 April 1993 until he was deposed in a military coup d'état on 27 January 1996. He has continued to run for president in each election since his ouster, and he was president of the National Assembly from December 1999 to May 2009. Since April 2020, he is the president of the Democratic and Republican Renewal (RDR Tchanji), a major political party that is currently in opposition. RDR Tchanji formed an alliance with Ousmane's other political vehicle, MNRD Hankuri, on 16 December 2018.

1999 Nigerien general election
General elections were held in Niger in 1999; the first-round of the presidential elections was held on 17 October, with a run-off held alongside National Assembly elections on 24 November. The elections followed a coup d'état on 9 April, in which Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who had led an earlier coup in January 1996 and won disputed presidential elections, was assassinated. Coup leader Daouda Mallam Wanké initiated a transitional period that concluded with the victory of Mamadou Tandja, the candidate of the National Movement for the Society of Development (MNSD), over Mahamadou Issoufou, the candidate of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS), in the run-off. The vote for the first National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, which had originally been scheduled for October, but delayed in August, also saw a victory for the MNSD, which won 38 of the 83 seats. It formed a coalition with the Democratic and Social Convention in order to gain a majority in the Assembly.
Kangra Fort
32°05′17.1″N 76°15′28″E﻿ / ﻿32.088083°N 76.25778°E﻿ / 32.088083; 76.25778

The Kangra Fort is a historic fort located in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The fort is also known as 'Nagarkot' and 'Kot Kangra'. This fort stands on a hillock between two rivers (Manjhi and Banganga), among the foothills of the Dhauladhar range. The fort is the largest in the Indian Himalayas, and is under the protection of the Archaeological Survey of India. The Kangra Fort is also the oldest fort in the Himalayas and, according to Indian mythology, has a legendary history spanning approximately 4,000 years.

Ambika (Jainism)
In Jainism, Ambika (Sanskrit: अम्बिका, Odia: ଅମ୍ବିକା Ambikā "Mother") or Ambika Devi (अम्बिका देवी Ambikā Devī "the Goddess-Mother") is the yakshini "dedicated attendant deity" or Śāsana Devī "protector goddess" of the 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha. She is also known as Ambai, Amba, Kushmandini and Amra Kushmandini. She is often shown with one or more children and often under a tree.  She is frequently represented as a pair (Yaksha Sarvanubhuti on the right and Kushmandini on the left) with a small Tirthankar image on the top. The name ambika literally means mother, hence she is Mother Goddess. The name is also a common epithet of Hindu Goddess Durga.
Desmond King-Hele
Desmond George King-Hele FRS (3 November 1927 – 25 December 2019) was a British physicist, poet and author who crossed the divide between the arts and science to write extensively about the life of Erasmus Darwin, whom he linked with the romantic poets Shelley, Wordsworth, and Coleridge. In 1957, together with Doreen Gilmour, and as part of the Guided Weapons department of Royal Aircraft Establishment, he wrote a report proposing the use of the Blue Streak missile and Black Knight as a satellite launcher.  See also: Blue Streak Satellite Launch Vehicle.

Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Robert Darwin FRS (12 December 1731 – 18 April 1802) was an English physician. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, abolitionist, inventor, freemason, and poet.

His poems included much natural history, including a statement of evolution and the relatedness of all forms of life.

He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family, which includes his grandsons Charles Darwin and Francis Galton. Darwin was a founding member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a discussion group of pioneering industrialists and natural philosophers.

He turned down an invitation from George III to become Physician to the King.
Slaughter Beach, Delaware
Slaughter Beach is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States, located on the southwest shore of Delaware Bay. As of the 2020 census, Slaughter Beach had a population of 218. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Salisbury metropolitan area
The Salisbury, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau–designated metropolitan area centered in and around Salisbury, Maryland, including two counties in Maryland: Somerset and Wicomico.  Until 2023, the Salisbury MSA also included Worcester County.

Under the previous CBSA definition, the metropolitan area had a population of 423,481 residents as of the 2020 census. In addition, under the previous Combined Statistical Area definition, the Salisbury-Cambridge, MD-DE Combined Statistical Area of the Salisbury metropolitan area with the Cambridge micropolitan statistical area had a total 2020 population of 456,012.
Vahliella hookerioides
Vahliella hookerioides is a species of squamulose lichen in the family Vahliellaceae. It was first formally described in 2000 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen, who classified it as a member of Fuscopannaria. The type specimen was collected from Endovalley in Colorado, US. It is similar in morphology to V. leucophaea but has blackich apothecia, a more robust thalline margin, and smaller, more rounded spores. Jørgensen transferred the taxon to the new genus Vahliella in 2008.

Fuscopannaria
Fuscopannaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It has about 50 species. The genus was established in 1994 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen to accommodate a group of squamulose and crustose lichens that are widespread across temperate and tropical regions. Members of the genus are typically found on tree bark in moist, shaded habitats, ranging from tropical rainforests to temperate woodlands, where they appear as small, greyish or dark crusty or scaly patches on trunks and branches.
J'ouvert
J'ouvert (/dʒuːˈveɪ/ joo-VAY) (also Jour ouvert, Jouvay, or Jouvé) is a traditional Carnival celebration in many countries throughout the Caribbean. The parade is believed to have its foundation in Trinidad & Tobago, with roots steeped in French Afro-Creole traditions such as Canboulay. J'ouvert typically begins in the early morning, before dawn, and peaks by mid-morning. The celebration involves calypso or soca bands, DJs, and their followers dancing through the streets. In many countries, revelers cover their bodies in paint, mud, or pitch oil. Today J'ouvert is also a part of Carnival celebrations outside of the Caribbean, with the biggest celebrations happening in cities with large Caribbean ex-pat communities.

Steelpan
The steelpan (also known as a pan or steel drum) is a musical instrument originating in Trinidad and Tobago. Steelpan musicians are called pannists.

In 1992, the steelpan was declared Trinidad and Tobago’s national instrument by Prime Minister Patrick Manning. This helped turn the steelpan into a source of national pride and cultural identity, recognized both locally and internationally.

In 2023, the United Nations General Assembly declared 11 August as World Steelpan Day. The following year, the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago officially recognised the steelpan as the country's national instrument.
Alexandria Tigers
The Alexandria Tigers were a minor league baseball team based Alexandria, Louisiana. In 1920, the Tigers played as members of the short lived Class D level Louisiana State League, as Alexandria finished in fourth place in a shortened season. The Tigers hosted home games at the Alexandria Ball Park and were succeeded by the 1925 Alexandria Reds of the Cotton States League.

Alexandria, Louisiana
Alexandria is the ninth-largest city in the state of Louisiana and is the parish seat of and the largest city in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies on the south bank of the Red River in almost the exact geographic center of the state. It is the principal city of the Alexandria metropolitan area (population 153,922) which encompasses all of Rapides and Grant parishes. Its neighboring city is Pineville. As of the 2020 census, Alexandria had a population of 45,275.
Manchester North Western (Jamaica Parliament constituency)
Manchester North Western is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Representatives of the Jamaican Parliament. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It is located in Manchester Parish. The current MP is Mikael Phillips.

Manchester Parish
The Parish of Manchester (Jamaican Patois: Manchesta) is a parish located in west-central Jamaica, in the county of Middlesex. Its capital, Mandeville, is a major business centre. Its St. Paul of the Cross Pro-Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Latin Catholic Diocese of Mandeville.