hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mian–Chowla sequence
In mathematics, the Mian–Chowla sequence is an integer sequence defined
recursively in the following way. The sequence starts with

Then for ,  is the smallest integer such that every pairwise sum

is distinct, for all  and  less than or equal to .

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Wafic Saïd
Wafic Rida Saïd (Arabic: وفيق رضا سعيد) (born 21 December 1939) is a Syrian-Saudi-Canadian businessman, financier, and philanthropist who has resided for many years in Monaco.

Saïd lived in Syria, the country of his birth, until his early twenties, when he left for Switzerland and worked as a banker, before making his fortune in the Saudi Arabian construction industry in the 1970s. He came to public prominence after helping facilitate the Al-Yamamah arms deal between the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia in the 1980s. He established the Saïd Foundation in 1982 and the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford in 1996 with an initial £20 million donation. Saïd owns several properties worldwide, including Tusmore Park in Oxfordshire.

He is a Foundation Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford.

Charles Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater
Charles David Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater, KCMG (/poʊl/, pronounced 'pole'; born 6 July 1941) is a British diplomat and businessman who served as a key foreign policy adviser to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during the 1980s.
Timo Hildebrand
Timo Hildebrand (born 5 April 1979) is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Hildebrand holds a Bundesliga record for keeping a clean sheet for the most consecutive minutes (884 minutes), which he set during the 2003–04 season.

2005 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup football tournament was the seventh FIFA Confederations Cup. It was held in Germany between 15 June and 29 June 2005, as a prelude to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The tournament was won by 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América winners Brazil, who defeated Argentina 4–1 in the final at the Waldstadion in Frankfurt. The final was a rematch of the 2004 Copa América final, which was also won by Brazil. It was Brazil's second win at the Confederations Cup. After winning the 2005 tournament, the 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América, Brazil became the first country to be the reigning World Cup champions, Confederations Cup champions, and continental champions twice, having previously achieved this feat in 1997 when they won the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1997 Copa América, and 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup.
St. Petersburg street circuit
The streets of St. Petersburg, in the U.S. state of Florida, hosts IndyCar racing, and later the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series racing, from 1985.

The race takes place on a street circuit, utilizing downtown streets, and one runway of Albert Whitted Airport. The event dates back to 1985, with IndyCars first competing in 2003 and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series first competing in 2026.

USF2000 Championship
The USF2000 Championship Presented by Continental Tire is an American racing series using an American variation of the Formula Ford standard, "F2000", that resumed operation for the 2010 season. As of 2022, it is sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC), and operated by Andersen Promotions. It is the second rung of the Road to Indy.
Jabrauli
Jabrauli is a village in the Mohanlalganj tehsil of Lucknow district, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Jabrauli gained international attention when former U.S. President Bill Clinton visited in 2014 to support health initiatives.

Lucknow district
Lucknow district is a district located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The city of Lucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part of Lucknow division. It is also the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is bounded on the east by Barabanki district, on the west by Unnao and Hardoi districts, on the south by Raebareli district and in the north by Sitapur district.
Karachays
The Karachays or Karachais  (Karachay-Balkar: къарачайлыла, romanized: qaraçaylıla or таулула, tawlula, 'mountaineers') are a North Caucasian-Turkic ethnic group primarily located in their ancestral lands in Karachay–Cherkess Republic, a republic of Russia in the North Caucasus. They and the Balkars share a common origin, culture, and language.

Tokhtamysh–Timur war
The Tokhtamysh–Timur war was fought from 1386 to 1395 between Tokhtamysh, the khan of the Golden Horde, and the warlord and conqueror Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, in the areas of the Caucasus Mountains, Turkestan and Eastern Europe. The battle between Timur and Tokhtamysh played a key role in the decline of Mongol power over the Russian principalities.
Marino Fattori
Marino Fattori (Cailungo, Borgo Maggiore, 25 March 1832 – San Marino, 27 April 1896) was a Sammarinese writer and politician. He was Captains Regent in 1873, 1882, 1887 and 1893.

He studied veterinary at the University of Bologna and also some courses in Latin and Greek. He worked as a teacher and published Ricordi storici della republica di S. Marino (1869).

Captains Regent
Captains Regent (Italian: Capitani Reggenti; Romagnol: Capitèn Regìnt) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's legislative body. Normally the Captains Regent are chosen from parties in coalition and serve a six-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year. This tradition dates back at least to 1243.

The practice of dual heads of government (diarchy) is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome, except the Captains Regent hold no executive power.
Wągłczew
Wągłczew [ˈvɔŋɡwt͡ʂɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wróblew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Wróblew, 14 km (9 mi) west of Sieradz, and 67 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wróblew, Sieradz County
Wróblew [ˈvrublɛf] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wróblew. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Sieradz and 62 km (39 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
Horsemen of Apocalypse
The Horsemen of Apocalypse are a team of supervillain characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Led by Apocalypse, they are loosely based on the Biblical Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse from the Book of Revelation, though its members vary throughout the canon.

Members of the Horsemen of Apocalypse appeared in 2016's X-Men: Apocalypse.

Shi'ar
The Shi'ar (/ʃiːˈɑːr/ SHEE-ar) are a fictional species of aliens appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Shi'ar empire (or Imperium) is a vast collection of alien species, cultures, and worlds situated close to the Skrull and Kree Empires. The Shi'ar are one of the three main extraterrestrial empires depicted in the Marvel Universe, alongside the Kree and Skrulls.
Queenstown-Lakes District Council
Queenstown-Lakes District Council is the territorial authority for the Queenstown-Lakes District of New Zealand.

The council has 12 members: mayor of Queenstown-Lakes John Glover and 11 ward councillors.

Territorial authorities of New Zealand
The territorial authorities of New Zealand are the country's municipal local government entities, existing alongside the country's regional councils. There are 67 such authorities, including 12 city councils, 53 district councils and 2 sui generis councils (Auckland Council and Chatham Islands Council). Five territorial authorities also have the powers of regional councils, and these are called unitary authorities.

Territorial authorities are not subservient to regional councils, and several of them have jurisdictions overlapping multiple regional council areas. Territorial authorities are responsible for the administration of local matters and resources. These include roads, building consents, water supply and sanitation, amongst other responsibilities. They are not responsible for broader regional environmental management or public transport, as those are the responsibilities of the regional councils.
Maganti Ankineedu
Maganti Ankineedu (1 January 1915 – 8 September 2008) was an Indian independence activist, politician and Member of parliament, Lok Sabha.

He was born to Maganti Venkata Ramdas at Tamirisa village, nandivada mandal Krishna district. He was educated at Hindu College, Machilipatnam.

He participated in the Indian independence movement and imprisoned twice during the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.

He was elected to 3rd Lok Sabha, 4th Lok Sabha, 5th Lok Sabha, from Gudivada constituency and  6th Lok Sabha and 7th Lok Sabha from Machilipatnam constituency as a member of Indian National Congress in 1962,1967,1972,1977 and 1980 respectively.

4th Lok Sabha
The 4th Lok Sabha was in session from 4 March 1967 to 27 December 1970. Its members were elected in February and March 1967. 13 sitting members from the Rajya Sabha were elected to the 4th Lok Sabha in the general election.

Indira Gandhi was again the Prime Minister, as in the 3rd Lok Sabha. Her premiership would continue into the following Lok Sabha, the 5th, which was constituted after the 1971 Indian general election.
Mallusk, County Antrim
Mallusk, or Grange of Mallusk, is a large village and townland (of 933 acres (378 ha)) in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Mallusk is within the urban area of Newtownabbey, and it is also within the Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council area. It is situated in the civil parish of Templepatrick and the historic barony of Belfast Lower.

Templepatrick
Templepatrick (/ˌtɛmpəlˈpætrɪk/; from Irish Teampall Phádraig, meaning 'Patrick's Church') is a village and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Belfast, and halfway between the towns of Ballyclare and Antrim. It is also close to Belfast International Airport and the village has several hotels. Templepatrick is the site of historic Church of Ireland, Presbyterian and the Old Presbyterian Church. It had a population of 1,437 people in the 2011 census.
Normaltica
Normaltica is a genus of flea beetles found in the Greater Antilles. The genus was first described in 2002 by Alexander S. Konstantinov, who also described the two known species in the genus: Normaltica obrieni from Puerto Rico, and Normaltica iviei from the Dominican Republic. They are distinctive for their clavate antennae (having one end thicker than the other, like a club), not found in other known New World flea beetles. N. obrieni is sexually dimorphic in that the males have wider heads with enlarged labrum and mandibles; in N. iviei, the males and females are not significantly different externally. The wings of  N. obrieni are fully formed, while those of N. iviei are significantly reduced: they are full in length, but are very narrow. The genus is named after entomologist Norman E. Woodley, who collected specimens of N. obrieni, which is designated as the type species of the genus.

Flea beetle
The flea beetle is any small, jumping beetle of the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) that is part of the tribe Alticini, which is part of the subfamily Galerucinae. Historically the flea beetles were classified as their own subfamily.

Traditionally, the Alticini were separated from other Galerucinae by the presence of jumping hind legs, characterised by enlarged femora containing a spring structure allowing the flea beetles to jump. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that jumping hind legs evolved multiple times in the Galerucinae, rather than once, and that several genera should be transferred between Alticini and Galerucinae sensu stricto (or Galerucini in some classifications).
Clauseneae
Clauseneae is one of the two tribes of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, the other being Citreae, which includes Citrus.

The tribe comprises five genera: Micromelum, Glycosmis, Clausena, Murraya, and Merrillia; considered to be the  more primitive genera of the orange subfamily. The members can be distinguished from the Citreae tribe by their odd-pinnate leaves, with the leaflets alternately attached to the rachis.

Merrillia
Merrillia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae, containing the single species Merrillia caloxylon. Its English language common names include flowering merrillia, katinga, and Malay lemon. In Malaysia it is called ketenggah and kemuning gajah. The species is native to Malaysia, Thailand, and Sumatra in Indonesia.

This species is a member of the Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae, which includes the genus Citrus. It has been placed as the only genus and species in the subtribe Merrilliinae, which are known technically as the large-fruited remote citroid fruit trees. The genus is sunk into Murraya by some sources, but accepted in a 2021 classification of the Rutaceae.
Poso de Chane, California
Poso de Chane or Poso Chane (Chane Pool) is a former settlement in Fresno County, California situated around the waterhole of that name, northwest just below the confluence of the Jacalitos Creek with Los Gatos Creek, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Coalinga and northwest of the Guijarral Hills.

Coalinga, California
Coalinga (/ˌkoʊ.əˈlɪŋɡə/ or /kəˈlɪŋɡə/) is a city in the Pleasant Valley in Fresno County and the western San Joaquin Valley, in central California about 80 miles (128 km) southeast of Salinas.

It was formerly known as Coaling Station A, Coalingo, and Coalinga Station.

The population was 17,590 as of the 2020 census, up from 13,380 at the 2010 census. It is the site of both Pleasant Valley State Prison and Coalinga State Hospital.
1920 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1920 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920. Primary elections were held on September 7, 1920.

Republican candidate John J. Blaine won the election with 52.98% of the vote, winning his first of three terms as Governor of Wisconsin. Blaine defeated Democratic Party candidate Robert McCoy, Socialist candidate William Coleman and Prohibition Party candidate Henry H. Tubbs.

Walworth County, Wisconsin
Walworth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,478. Its county seat is Elkhorn. The county was created in 1836 from Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1839. It is named for Reuben H. Walworth. Walworth County comprises the Whitewater-Elkhorn, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area. The University of Wisconsin-Whitewater is located in Walworth County.

Walworth County features several major tourist destinations: Lake Geneva, Alpine Valley Resort, and Alpine Valley Music Theatre. Tourism is a large contributor to Walworth County's economy. It is Wisconsin's fifteenth largest county in population, but it is the sixth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (nearly $1 billion in 2023).
Frisco, Pennsylvania
Frisco is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Franklin Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. A portion extends north into Perry Township in Lawrence County. It is located along Pennsylvania Route 288, southeast of Ellwood City.  The area was the site of a tube mill during World War I.  The population of Frisco was 914 as of the 2020 census.

Ellwood City, Pennsylvania
Ellwood City is a borough primarily in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a small district extending into Beaver County, it lies along the Connoquenessing Creek just east of its confluence with the Beaver River. The population was 7,642 at the 2020 census. Ellwood City lies 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and 8 miles (13 km) southeast of New Castle within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Salvia × jamensis
Salvia × jamensis (Salvia greggii × Salvia microphylla) is a perennial shrub or sub-shrub in the Lamiaceae family. It is a hybrid of Salvia greggii and Salvia microphylla. Salvia × jamensis consists of both naturally occurring hybrids and cultivars. Flowers can be white, red, yellow, purple, pink, cream, or a bi-color flower consisting of a combination of two of the aforementioned colors. The naturally occurring populations of Salvia × jamensis are native to northeastern Mexico and are most prevalent where the ranges of Salvia greggii and Salvia microphylla overlap in the Sierra Madre Occidental in Coahuila and San Luis Potosí at elevations between 6,500 and 9,800 feet.

Salvia microphylla
Salvia microphylla, synonyms including Salvia grahamii, Salvia lemmonii and Salvia neurepia, the baby sage, Graham's sage, or blackcurrant sage, is an evergreen shrub found in the wild in southeastern Arizona and the mountains of eastern, western, and southern Mexico. It is a very complex species which easily hybridizes, resulting in numerous hybrids and cultivars brought into horticulture since the 1990s. The specific epithet microphylla, from the Greek, means "small leaved". In Mexico it is called mirto de montes, or "myrtle of the mountains".
Alabama statistical areas
The U.S. State of Alabama currently has 35 statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

On July 21, 2023, the OMB delineated nine combined statistical areas, 13 metropolitan statistical areas, and 13 micropolitan statistical areas in Alabama. As of 2023, the largest of these is the Birmingham-Cullman-Talladega, AL CSA, encompassing the area around the state's third-largest city, Birmingham.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
Johannes Amsinck
Johannes Amsinck (23 March 1792 in Hamburg – 8 September 1879 in Hamburg) was a German businessman and philanthropist.

A member of the Dutch-origined Amsinck family, he was a son of Hamburg mayor Wilhelm Amsinck. In 1815 he became a co-owner of the firm Johannes Schuback & Söhne, which had been founded by his maternal grandfather, and became the sole owner in 1837. The firm focused on the trade with South America, and Amsinck played a major role in the establishment of the shipping companies HAPAG and Hamburg Süd.

Hamburg America Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, today an international shipping and container transportation company.
Fort Adams, Mississippi
Fort Adams is a small, river port community in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, United States, about 40 miles (64 km) south of Natchez. Fort Adams is located off Highway 24, about 18 mi (29 km) of Woodville.

It is notable for having been the U.S. port of entry on the Mississippi River, before the acquisition of New Orleans; it was the site of an early fort by that name. The town was called Wilkinburg and was incorporated in 1798. Prior to that time, the community was known as Loftus Heights and formerly had been a Jesuit mission called the Rock of Davion, first settled as such around 1699. This is also the site where the Choctaw Treaty of Fort Adams was signed in 1801.

Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez (/ˈnætʃɪz/ NATCH-iz) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.

Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.
Sigma Ursae Majoris
The Bayer designation σ Ursae Majoris (Sigma Ursae Majoris, σ UMa) is shared by two star systems in the constellation Ursa Major:

σ1 (11 Ursae Majoris)

σ2 (13 Ursae Majoris)

They are separated by 0.33° in the sky.

The two stars, Sigma1 and Sigma2 together, are considered an optical double star. They are not a binary star, in that they are not gravitationally linked, but they are close to each other as seen in the sky.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.