hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone synthase
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone and other steroids. The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydroxylations of the steroid angular methyl group at C18 after initial 11β-hydroxylation (the enzyme has steroid 18-hydroxylase activity as well as steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase activity). It is encoded by the CYP11B2 gene in humans.

Aldosterone synthase is a protein which is only expressed in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and is primarily regulated by the renin–angiotensin system. It is the sole enzyme capable of synthesizing aldosterone in humans and plays an important role in electrolyte balance and blood pressure.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
Yasemin Kimyacıoğlu
Yasemin Kimyacıoğlu (born February 26, 1985), a 5' 7" guard, is a Turkish-American women's basketball player at Santa Clara University in California, US. Her sister, Şebnem Kimyacıoğlu, plays professionally for Turkish club Beşiktaş J.K., and the Turkey national basketball team. Kimyacıoğlu is a Pinewood High School alum having graduated in 2003, two years after her sister. She was born to Turkish parents in Mountain View, California. She is majoring in mechanical engineering at Santa Clara.

Turkish Americans
Turkish Americans (Turkish: Türk Amerikalılar) or American Turks (Turkish: Amerikalı Türkler)  are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. The term "Turkish Americans" can therefore refer to ethnic Turkish immigrants to the United States, as well as their American-born descendants, who originate either from the Ottoman Empire or from post-Ottoman modern nation-states. The majority trace their roots to the Republic of Turkey, however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities in the US which descend from the island of Cyprus, the Balkans, North Africa, the Levant and other areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, in recent years there has been a significant number of ethnic Turkish people coming to the US from the modern Turkish diaspora (i.e. outside the former Ottoman territories), especially from the Turkish Meskhetian diaspora in Eastern Europe (e.g. from Krasnodar Krai in Russia) and "Euro-Turks" from Central and Western Europe (e.g. Turkish Germans etc.).
Motorsport in New Zealand
Motorsport in New Zealand can be traced back to a least 1901 when the Pioneer Cycle Club held a three-mile handicap race which included both motor bikes and cars. Since then it has developed and now almost all types of motor sport events are represented.

Graham McRae
Graham Peter McRae (5 March 1940 – 4 August 2021) was a racing driver from New Zealand.

McRae achieved considerable success in Formula 5000 racing, winning the Tasman Series each year from 1971 to 1973, and also at the 1972 L&M Continental 5000 Championship in the United States.

McRae's single outing in the Formula One World Championship was at the 1973 British Grand Prix on 14 July 1973, where he retired in the first lap. McRae also competed in the 1973 Indianapolis 500, finishing in 16th position and earning Rookie of the Year.
Action description language
In artificial intelligence, action description language (ADL) is an automated planning and scheduling system in particular for robots. It is considered an advancement of STRIPS. Edwin Pednault (a specialist in the field of data abstraction and modelling who has been an IBM Research Staff Member in the Data Abstraction Research Group since 1996) proposed this language in 1987.  It is an example of an action language.

Closed-world assumption
The closed-world assumption (CWA), in a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, is the presumption that a statement that is true is also known to be true. Therefore, by the contrapositive, what is not currently known to be true must be false. The same name also refers to a logical formalization of this assumption by Raymond Reiter. The opposite of the closed-world assumption is the open-world assumption (OWA), stating that lack of knowledge does not imply falsity. Decisions on CWA vs. OWA determine the understanding of the actual semantics of a conceptual expression with the same notations of concepts. A successful formalization of natural language semantics usually cannot avoid an explicit revelation of whether the implicit logical backgrounds are based on CWA or OWA.

Negation as failure is related to the closed-world assumption, as it amounts to believing false every predicate that cannot be proved to be true.
Ben Johnston (composer)
Benjamin Burwell Johnston Jr. (March 15, 1926 – July 21, 2019) was an American contemporary music composer, known for his use of just intonation. He was called "one of the foremost composers of microtonal music" by Philip Bush and "one of the best non-famous composers this country has to offer" by John Rockwell.

Composers Recordings, Inc.
Composers Recordings, Inc. (CRI) was an American record label dedicated to the recording of contemporary classical music by American composers.  It was founded in 1954 by Otto Luening, Douglas Moore, and Oliver Daniel, and based in New York City.

The label released over 600 recordings on LP, cassette, and CD.  It went out of business in 2003 due to financial pressures, and the rights to CRI's recordings were transferred to New World Records in 2006.
Khaali Haath
Khaali Haath (Urdu: خالی ہاتھ, lit. 'Empty-Handed') is a Pakistani television series aired on Geo Entertainment on 6 February 2017. It is produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under 7th Sky Entertainment. It stars Aiman Khan, Ali Abbas, Shahzad Sheikh and Kiran Haq in leads.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
José Plaridel Silvestre
José Plaridel A. Silvestre was a writer and a senior official of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, who served as the Asia-Pacific Regional Commissioner of the World Scout Bureau.

Silvestre, who had arrived in Greece earlier, avoided the plane crash of 28 July 1963, when the bulk of the Philippine contingent died en route to the 11th World Scout Jamboree in Marathon, Greece.

Silvestre conducted a management survey authorized by Henry C. Ma in 1975, which resulted in reforms of the Scout Association of Hong Kong.

In 1977, Silvestre was awarded the 123rd Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
USS Elk River
USS LSM(R)-501 was the lead ship of the LSM(R)-501-class landing ship medium built in 1945 for service in World War II. She was later converted into a test range support ship and renamed USS Elk River (IX-501). Her namesake was a Minnesota town named Elk River.

SEALAB
SEALAB I, II, and III were experimental underwater habitats developed and deployed by the United States Navy during the 1960s to prove the viability of saturation diving and humans living in isolation for extended periods of time. The knowledge gained from the SEALAB expeditions helped advance the science of deep sea diving and rescue and contributed to the understanding of the psychological and physiological strains humans can endure.
Racquel Sheath
Racquel Sheath (born 27 November 1994) is a retired New Zealand track and road cyclist. She represented her nation at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Sheath competed for the New Zealand team in the women's team pursuit at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. There, she delivered the quartet of Lauren Ellis, Jaime Nielsen, and Rushlee Buchanan a New Zealand record of 4:17.592 to ensure the team's spot in the medal race, before narrowly losing the face-off to their Canadian rivals (4:18.459) for the bronze by a 3.8-second margin.

Sheath retired from cycling in August 2020. Following her retirement, she became a financial adviser with her family's insurance company, and opened a nail salon in Cambridge.

Financial adviser
A financial adviser or financial advisor is a professional who provides financial services to clients based on their financial situation. In many countries, financial advisors must complete specific training and be registered with a regulatory body in order to provide advice.

Relationships between clients and financial advisors can be characterized by principal-agent problems, as financial advisors may possess information and conflicts of interest that lead to dishonest advice and misconduct.
Quebec House
Quebec House is the birthplace of General James Wolfe on what is now known as Quebec Square in Westerham, Kent, England. The house is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England since September 1954.

The house dates from the mid 16th century but much of the current appearance is from the 1630s. It was originally called Spiers but renamed in honour of Wolfe's death and victory at the Battle of Quebec in 1759. The house is now owned by the National Trust and open to the public with paintings and memorabilia relating to Wolfe's life.

Westerham
Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 3.4 miles east of Oxted and 6 miles west of Sevenoaks, adjacent to the Kent border with both Greater London and Surrey.
It is recorded as early as the 9th century, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 in a Norman form, Oistreham (compare Ouistreham in Normandy, Oistreham in 1086). Hām is Old English for a village or homestead, and so Westerham means a westerly homestead. The River Darent flows through the town, and formerly powered three watermills. The total population in 2021 was 4,498.
9344 Klopstock
9344 Klopstock, provisional designation 1991 RB4, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 12 September 1991, by German astronomers Freimut Börngen and Lutz Schmadel at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Germany. Poor observational data suggests that the asteroid is one of the darkest known objects with a diameter of approximately 17 kilometers (11 miles), while it is also an assumed stony asteroid with a much smaller diameter. It has a rotation period of 5.84 hours and was named after German poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock.

Lutz D. Schmadel
Lutz Dieter Schmadel (2 July 1942 – 21 October 2016) was a German astronomer and a prolific discoverer of asteroids, who worked at the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (ARI) of the University of Heidelberg.

His special interest was the astrometry of minor planets. Among his numerous discoveries were the three main-belt asteroids 8661 Ratzinger, 10114 Greifswald, and 11508 Stolte.

He was the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, a reference book containing information about the discovery and naming of 12,804 asteroids (March 2006). One asteroid 2234 Schmadel, discovered in 1977, was named in his honor. The asteroid 8811 Waltherschmadel was named for his father, Walther Schmadel (1902–1944), who died at the Eastern Front near Stalingrad during World War 2.
Everett Colby
Everett Colby (December 10, 1874 – June 19, 1943) was an American banker and politician who represented Essex County, New Jersey in the New Jersey Assembly and the New Jersey Senate from 1906 to 1909. He developed a record as a reformist and opponent of corporations and machine politics, often drawing him into conflict with the leaders of his own Republican Party. In 1913, he ran as the Progressive Party nominee for Governor of New Jersey.

West Orange, New Jersey
West Orange is a suburban township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 48,843, an increase of 2,636 (+5.7%) from the 2010 census count of 46,207, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,264 (+2.8%) from the 44,943 counted in the 2000 census.

West Orange is both an inner-ring suburb of New Jersey's largest city, Newark, and a commuter suburb of New York City; it is approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Manhattan. West Orange was home to the inventor Thomas Edison, who also maintained a laboratory and workshop in town.
2024–25 Croatian Women's First Football League
The 2024–25 season of the First League was the 34th edition of the Croatian top-tier women's football league.

Osijek were the defending champions, having won what was already their 25th title in the 2023–24 season.

The calendar for the 2024–25 season was published in the HNS newsletter from 21 August 2024. The first matches were played on 1 September 2024 and the regular season ended on 16 March 2025. The championship round and qualification round followed from 23 March 2025 until 15 June 2025.

The format of the 2024–25 season differed from the previous years, as the championship round was played as a quadruple round-robin tournament, with two home and two away matches against each opponent, as opposed to the double round-robin tournament played in previous seasons. The qualification round remains unchanged.

2023–24 Croatian Women's First Football League
The 2023–24 Croatian Women's First Football League (Prva hrvatska nogometna liga za žene) was the 33rd season of Croatian Women's First Football League, the national championship for women's association football teams in Croatia, since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 3 September 2023.

The league was contested by eight teams. First stage was played in a double round robin format, with each team playing every other team two times over 14 rounds. In a second stage teams were divided in two groups according to the table standings. ŽNK Osijek were the defending champions, having won their 24th title in 2022–23.
Regency Acts
The Regency Acts are acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed at various times, to provide a regent in the event of the reigning monarch being incapacitated or a minor (under the age of 18). Prior to 1937, Regency Acts were passed only when necessary to deal with a specific situation. In 1937, the Regency Act 1937 (1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6. c. 16) made general provision for a regent, and established the office of Counsellor of State, a number of whom would act on the monarch's behalf when the monarch was temporarily absent from the realm or experiencing an illness that did not amount to legal incapacity. This act, as modified by the Regency Acts of 1943 and 1953, forms the main law relating to regency in the United Kingdom today.

An example of a pre-1937 Regency Act was the Care of King During his Illness, etc. Act 1811 which allowed Prince George (later King George IV) to act as regent while his father, King George III, was incapacitated.

Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield
Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, PC, FRS (23 July 1666 – 28 April 1732) was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1705 to 1710. He was Lord Chief Justice from 1710 to 1718 and acted briefly as one of the regents before the arrival of King George I in Britain. His career ended when he was convicted of corruption on a massive scale and he spent the later years of his life in retirement at his home, Shirburn Castle in Oxfordshire.
The DFC
The DFC was a weekly British children's anthology comic, published by David Fickling Books (an imprint of Random House). The first issue was published at the end of May 2008. The title stood for "David Fickling Comic". Its successor, The Phoenix, launched on 7 January 2012.

Unlike the vast majority of comics in the current market, The DFC was funded entirely by subscriptions, without any commercial advertising. It was fully coloured on all 36 pages.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Elphidae
Elphidae is a clade of bidentalian dicynodonts containing Elph, Katumbia, and Interpresosaurus. It is exclusively known from the Late Permian of Russia and Tanzania. Elphidae is variously recovered as either at the base of a paraphyletic Cryptodontia, or as basal dicynodontoids.

The clade Elphinae was erected by Kurkin (2010) to pertain to a clade containing Elph and Interpresosaurus, two dicynodonts from Late Permian Russia. This clade was diagnosed by a sharply shortened preorbital skull, relatively small tusks located below the anterior orbit, and maxillae with depressions located below the naris. Elphinae is often recovered forming a clade with the Tanzanian Katumbia, to which the name Elphidae can be applied under the rules of the ICZN.

Bidentalia
Bidentalia is a group of dicynodont therapsids. Bidentalia was one of the first names used to describe dicynodonts; the group was established in 1876, while the name "bidentals" dates back as far as 1845. With the increasing prominence of phylogenetics, the group was redefined as a clade in 2009. Bidentalia is now considered a stem-based taxon that includes all taxa more closely related to Aulacephalodon bainii and Dicynodon lacerticeps than Emydops arctatus.
Nerve hook
Nerve hook is a surgical instrument that allows surgeon to inspect areas around nerves, especially in the spine. Three main instruments exist, dandy blunt nerve hook (short and blunt), cushing gasserian blunt nerve hook (long) and weary black nerve hook (thin, pointed tip). For surgery under microscope, there is also a specialized instrument, that is called malis nerve hook.

Surgical instrument
A surgical instrument is a medical device used during surgery to perform specific actions, such as cutting, modifying tissue, or providing access for viewing. Over time, a broad spectrum of tools has been developed—some for general surgical use, others tailored to specialized procedures.

Classification systems help surgeons understand an instrument's function and appropriate usage. Innovation continues to drive the development of more precise, safer, and more effective instruments for modern surgery.
2021–22 Ohio State Buckeyes women's basketball team
The 2021–22 Ohio State Buckeyes women's basketball team represented the Ohio State University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Buckeyes, led by ninth year head coach Kevin McGuff, played their home games at Value City Arena.  They were members of the Big Ten Conference.

They finished the season 25–7 overall and 14–4 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for first place.  As the first seed in the Big Ten tournament they defeated eighth seed Michigan State in the Quarterfinals before losing to fifth seed Indiana in the Semifinals.  They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the sixth seed in the Spokane Region.  They defeated eleventh seed Missouri State in the First Round and third seed LSU in the Second Round before losing to second seed Texas in the Sweet Sixteen to end their season.

2021–22 Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball team
The 2021–22 Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball team represented the Indiana University Bloomington during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Hoosiers were led by head coach Teri Moren in her eighth season, and played their home games at the Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall as a member of the Big Ten Conference.
Helocordulia selysii
Helocordulia selysii, the Selys' sundragon, is a species of emerald dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is found in North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Helocordulia selysii is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

Corduliidae
Corduliidae, also knowns as the emeralds, emerald dragonflies, or green-eyed skimmers, is a family of dragonflies. These dragonflies are usually black or dark brown with areas of metallic green or yellow, and most of them have large, emerald-green eyes. The larvae are black, hairy-looking, and usually semiaquatic. This family include species called "baskettails", "emeralds", "sundragons", "shadowdragons", and "boghaunters". They are not uncommon and are found nearly worldwide, but some individual species are quite rare. Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana), for example, is an endangered species in the United States.

Corduliidae are known to occasionally take quantities of their eggs at the tip of their stomach, before then sticking their eggs in mud or water using a sprout-like appendage that extends from their abdomens.