hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William I, Count of Cerdanya
William I Raymond (Catalan: Guillem Ramon; Occitan: Guilhem Ramon) (1068–1095) was the count of Cerdanya and Berga from the year of his birth till that of his death, giving up Berga a year earlier to his son William-Jordan.

He was the son of Raymond I of Cerdanya, who died a short while after his birth. He married Sancha, daughter of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, while they were both very young. William became the tutor of his nephew, the future Ramon Berenguer III. He took an interest in repopulating parts of his domain and promulgated the charter to the people of Villafranca.

In 1082, he fought on the losing side in the Battle of Almenar. In 1094, he granted Berga to his sons and the elder, William, inherited Cerdanya when he died the next year.

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer III the Great (11 November 1082 – 23 January or 19 July 1131) was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1086 (jointly with Berenguer Ramon II and solely from 1097), Besalú from 1111, Cerdanya from 1117, and count of Provence in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1112, all until his death in Barcelona in 1131. As Ramon Berenguer I, he was Count of Provence in right of his wife.
Nashua, Kansas City
Nashua is a neighborhood on the northside Kansas City, Missouri, United States in what is known as the Northland.

A post office called Nashua was established in 1890, and remained in operation until 1962. The community was named after Nashua, New Hampshire, the native home of an early settler.

Northland, Kansas City
The Northland is an area on the northside of the Kansas City metropolitan area comprising Platte County and Clay County. North of the Missouri River, the Northland includes the northern part of Kansas City, Missouri, the cities of North Kansas City, Liberty, Parkville, Riverside, Platte City, and Gladstone, and the towns of Smithville, Weatherby Lake, and Pleasant Valley. The area is home to more than 360,000 people.

The Northland is largely suburban and rural compared to the rest of the Kansas City metro area, but it has been rapidly developing since the 2010s.

Notable Businesses and Attractions

Briarcliff Village

Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport

Kansas City International Airport

North Kansas City Hospital

Oceans of Fun

Shoal Creek Living History Museum

Weston

William Jewell College

Worlds of Fun

Zona Rosa
Draparnaldiopsis
Draparnaldiopsis is a genus of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae.

The genus name of Draparnaldiopsis is in honour of Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (1772–1804), who was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist.

The genus was circumscribed by Gilbert Morgan Smith and Frederick Detlev Klyver in Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. Vol.48 on page 200 in 1929.

Chaetophoraceae
Chaetophoraceae is a family of green algae in the order Chaetophorales.

Members of the family are variously semi-terrestrial to aquatic in habitat, and consist of branched filaments in two parts, a prostrate system of filaments and an erect system of filaments. During germination, the zoospore is erect and divides parallel to the substrate. The prostrate system develops from successive divisions of the original zoospore cell, and consists of filaments with square cells attached to the surface, or long thin rhizoids which penetrate the surface. The erect system consists of one, two or several erect branched filaments, sometimes terminating in long hairs.
Stelis
Stelis, or leach orchids, are a large genus of orchids, with 1339 accepted species. The generic name Stelis is the Greek word for 'mistletoe', referring to the epiphytic habit of these species. These mainly epiphytic (rarely lithophytic) plants are widely distributed throughout much of South America, Central America, Mexico, the West Indies and Florida.
Stelis is abbreviated Ste. in the horticultural trade.

Many of the older species were named by Lindley, Ruiz & Pavon and Reichenbach, while many of the recent species were named by Carlyle A. Luer. An orchid of the genus Stelis was probably the first American orchid ever to be brought to Europe. An herbarium specimen was depicted in 1591 in Tabernaemontanus' herbal book.

Hipólito Ruiz López
Hipólito Ruiz López (August 8, 1754 in Belorado, Burgos, Spain – 1816 in Madrid), or Hipólito Ruiz, was a Spanish botanist known for researching the floras of Peru and Chile during an expedition under Carlos III from 1777 to 1788. During the reign of Carlos III, three major botanical expeditions were sent to the New World; Ruiz and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez were the botanists for the first of these expeditions, to Peru and Chile.
Tarago, New South Wales
Tarago is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Goulburn Mulwaree Council. Part of the defined locality, which includes a large area of grazing country, is on the eastern shore of Lake George in the area of the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council. The town is situated 39 km (24 mi) south of the city of Goulburn and 69 km (43 mi) northeast of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. It is located on the Goulburn-Braidwood road. The town is notable for recent renewable energy projects in the surrounding districts.

Southern Tablelands
The Southern Tablelands is a geographic area of New South Wales, Australia, located south-west of Sydney and generally west of the Great Dividing Range.

The area is characterised by high, flat country which has generally been extensively cleared and used for grazing purposes.  The area is easily accessible to the Australian federal capital city of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The area is included with the Southern Highlands and parts of the South West Slopes in the district that is known as Capital Country. In a wider sense, the term "Southern Tablelands" is also sometimes used to describe a broader region that includes the Monaro, the Southern Highlands and Australia's capital Canberra. The Southern Tablelands Temperate Grassland is a prominent vegetation community in the region.
Ludwig Schraut
Ludwig Schraut (born 9 September 1935) is a Swiss retired footballer who played for FC Basel as a forward.

Schraut joined FC Basel's first team for their 1959–60 season under manager Jenő Vincze. After two test games, Schraut played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the Landhof on 30 August 1959 as Basel lost 0–2 against Biel-Bienne.

During his one season with the club, Schraut played a total of 12 games for Basel scoring one goal. Eight of these games were in the Nationalliga A, one in the Swiss Cup and three were friendly games. He scored his only goal in the test game on 8 August 1959 as Basel won 6–1 against local team SC Kleinhüningen.

Jenő Vincze
Jenő Vincze (Serbian: Eugen Vince) (20 November 1908 – 20 November 1988) was a Hungarian footballer and a legend of Újpest FC, most famous for playing for the Hungary national team in the 1938 World Cup Final.

Vincze started playing football for teams based in Debrecen. He became professional in 1927 at Debreceni Bocskai and he was top scorer of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I in the 1930–31 season and moved to Újpest FC in December 1934. He finished his career at Újpest in 1944.

He was considered one of the best Hungarian strikers in the 1930s, gaining 25 caps for the national team and playing on the world cup of 1934 and 1938.

After finishing his career, he became a successful coach.
2nd federal electoral district of Zacatecas
The 2nd federal electoral district of Zacatecas (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 02 de Zacatecas) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of four such districts in the state of Zacatecas.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Julia Arcelia Olguín Serna. Originally elected for the Ecologist Green Party (PVEM), she switched to Morena at the start of the congressional session on 1 September 2024.

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
The End (1953 film)
The End is a 1953 American short film directed and narrated by Christopher Maclaine. It tells the stories of six people on the last day of their lives. It premiered at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art as part of Frank Stauffacher's Art in Cinema series. Though the film met audience disapproval at its premiere, it was praised by critics as a "masterpiece" and "a great work of art".

Stan Brakhage
James Stanley Brakhage (/ˈbrækɪdʒ/ BRAK-ij; January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American experimental filmmaker. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in 20th-century experimental film.

Over the course of five decades, Brakhage created a large and diverse body of work, exploring a variety of formats, approaches and techniques that included handheld camerawork, painting directly onto celluloid, fast cutting, in-camera editing, scratching on film, collage film and the use of multiple exposures. Interested in mythology and inspired by music, poetry and visual phenomena, Brakhage sought to reveal the universal, in particular exploring themes of birth, mortality, sexuality, and innocence. His films are for the most part silent.

Brakhage's films are often noted for their expressiveness and lyricism. While they were for many years obscure and hard to find, many are now archived and readily available on modern home media.
Escherichia virus CC31
Escherichia virus CC31, formerly known as Enterobacter virus CC31, is a dsDNA bacteriophage of the subfamily Tevenvirinae responsible for infecting the bacteria family of Enterobacteriaceae. It is one of two discovered viruses of the genus Karamvirus, diverging away from the previously discovered T4virus, as a clonal complex (CC). CC31 was first isolated from Escherichia coli B strain S/6/4 and is primarily associated with Escherichia, even though is named after Enterobacter.

Lytic cycle
The lytic cycle (/ˈlɪtɪk/ LIT-ik) is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), the other being the lysogenic cycle. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane. Bacteriophages that can only go through the lytic cycle are called virulent phages (in contrast to temperate phages).

In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA exists as a separate free floating molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome. This is the key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. However, in both cases the virus/phage replicates using the host DNA machinery.
Škoda Octavia
The Škoda Octavia is a small family car (C-segment) produced by the Czech car manufacturer Škoda Auto since the end of 1996. It shares its name with an earlier model produced between 1959 and 1971. Four generations of the modern-era Octavia model have been introduced to date, delivered with five-door liftback or five-door estate styles only. The car is front engined and both front- or four-wheel drive are offered. Around five million units have been sold in its two decades of presence on the market. The Octavia is Škoda's most popular model; about 40% of all newly manufactured Škoda cars are Octavias.

The current generation is available in a wide range of derivatives, i.e. sporty Octavia RS, estate Octavia Combi, four-wheel drive Octavia Scout, frugal Octavia GreenLine and CNG-powered Octavia G-TEC.

Liftback
The marketing term liftback describes a hatchback car body style with a rear cargo door, where the overall roof line and rear cargo door are sloped more like that of sedans or coupe — as compared to the more vertical rear cargo door of a more utilitarian hatchback or wagon. A liftback may include fold-down rear seats for increased cargo capacity, providing increased cargo flexibility vs. a conventional sedan or coupe.
Allium schoenoprasoides
Allium schoenoprasoides is an Asian species of wild onion native to Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It can be found at elevations of 2700–3000 m.

Allium schoenoprasoides produces one egg-shaped bulb up to 15 mm in diameter. Scape is short, rarely more than 20 cm tall. Leaves are tubular, shorter than the scape, 2–3 mm wide. Umbels are spherical, densely packed with many purple flowers crowded together.

Wild onion
Wild onion can refer to

any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:
Allium bisceptrum
Allium canadense
Allium tricoccum
Allium validum
Allium vineale
Allium ochotense

Asphodelus tenuifolius

Cyperus bulbosus

Bulbine semibarbata
Amy Villarejo
Amy Villarejo is an American scholar in cinema and media studies, specializing in feminist and queer media, critical theory, and television studies. She is currently chair of the Department of Film, Television, and Digital Media (FTVDM) and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Previously, she was the Frederic J. Whiton Professor of Humanities at Cornell University, where she taught in the Department of Performing and Media Arts and the Department of Comparative Literature.

Her notable works include Lesbian Rule: Cultural Criticism and the Value of Desire (Duke University Press, 2003), which won the Katherine Singer Kovács Prize from the Society for Cinema and Media Studies.

Journal of Cinema and Media Studies
The Journal of Cinema and Media Studies (formerly Cinema Journal and The Journal of the Society of Cinematologists) is the official academic journal of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies (formerly the Society for Cinema Studies). It covers film studies, television studies, media studies, visual arts, cultural studies, film and media history, and moving image studies and is published by the University of Michigan Press.
Miss Venezuela 2025
Miss Venezuela 2025 was the 72nd Miss Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Centro Comercial Líder in Caracas, Venezuela on December 4, 2025.

At the end of the event, Stephany Abasali of Anzoátegui crowned Clara Vegas of Miranda as her successor in Miss Universe Venezuela 2025. She will represent Venezuela at the Miss Universe 2026 pageant in Puerto Rico.

Miss Venezuela 2024
Miss Venezuela 2024 was the 71st Miss Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Centro Comercial Líder in Caracas, Venezuela on December 5, 2024.

At the end of the event, Stephany Abasali of Anzoátegui was crowned Miss Universe Venezuela 2024, by her predecessor Ileana Márquez of Amazonas. Abasali represented Venezuela at the Miss Universe 2025 pageant, held in Bangkok, Thailand where she ended up as second runner-up.
Kirkwhelpington
Kirkwhelpington is a village and civil parish in the English county of Northumberland about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Hexham. It is on the River Wansbeck alongside the A696 trunk road between Otterburn and Ponteland.

Ponteland
Ponteland (/pɒnˈtiːlənd/ pon-TEE-lənd) is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Built on marshland near St Mary's Church and the old bridge, most marshland has now been drained to make way for housing. In the industrial era, the settlement expanded with the development of Darras Hall. Parts of Ponteland have some of North-East England's most expensive houses; being just outside Newcastle, near the airport and on the edge of rural countryside.

The civil parish includes the old village of Ponteland, the Darras Hall estate, and the villages of Kirkley, Medburn, Milbourne and Prestwick.
POWER8
POWER8 is a family of superscalar multi-core microprocessors based on the Power ISA, announced in August 2013 at the Hot Chips conference. The designs are available for licensing under the OpenPOWER Foundation, which is the first time for such availability of IBM's highest-end processors.

Systems based on POWER8 became available from IBM in June 2014. Systems and POWER8 processor designs made by other OpenPOWER members were available in early 2015.

IBM i
IBM i, the i standing for integrated, is an operating system developed by IBM for IBM Power Systems. It was originally released in 1988 as OS/400, as the sole operating system of the IBM AS/400 line of systems. It was renamed to i5/OS in 2004, before being renamed a second time to IBM i in 2008. It is an evolution of the System/38 CPF operating system, with compatibility layers for System/36 SSP and AIX applications. It inherits a number of distinctive features from the System/38 platform, including the Machine Interface which provides hardware independence, the implementation of object-based addressing on top of a single-level store, and the tight integration of a relational database into the operating system.
1988 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses
Caucuses in Iowa for the Democratic presidential nomination were held on February 8, marking the Democratic Party's first nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 1988 presidential election.

Dick Gephardt, having focused his campaign against offshoring, won a plurality in the preference vote and precinct caucuses. However, Michael Dukakis, who placed third in both of those contests, received a plurality of the delegates to the national convention.

1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From February 8 to June 14, 1988, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1988 Democratic National Convention held from July 18 to July 21, 1988, in Atlanta, Georgia.
2008–09 FC Barcelona season
In 2008–09, FC Barcelona started a new era with a new manager, former captain and Barcelona B coach Pep Guardiola, who led the team to the first treble in Spanish football history. After selling off high-profiled players such as Deco and Ronaldinho, Barcelona played scintillating football throughout the season, winning the Copa del Rey, La Liga, and the UEFA Champions League. This team is widely regarded as one of the greatest teams in football history.

2008–09 UEFA Champions League
The 2008–09 UEFA Champions League was the 54th edition of Europe's premier club football tournament and the 17th edition under the current UEFA Champions League format. The final was played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy, on 27 May 2009. It was the eighth time the European Cup final has been held in Italy and the fourth time it has been held at the Stadio Olimpico. The final was contested by the defending champions, Manchester United, and Barcelona, who had last won the tournament in 2006. Barcelona won the match 2–0, with goals from Samuel Eto'o and Lionel Messi, securing The Treble in the process. In addition, both UEFA Cup finalists, Werder Bremen and Shakhtar Donetsk featured in the Champions League group stage.

Anorthosis Famagusta of Cyprus and BATE Borisov of Belarus were the first teams from their respective countries to qualify for the group stage. Romanian side CFR Cluj and Russian champions Zenit Saint Petersburg also made their Champions League debuts.
Mammoty
A mammoty (Tamil: மண்வெட்டி, literally "sand-cutter") is a special type of garden hoe common in India and Sri Lanka.

The mammoty's blade is about four times as large as the average garden hoe. It is the gardening implement of choice in these countries. Its name, "mammoty" comes from the word "Man Vetty" ("Man" rhymes with "one") in Tamil, a language spoken in Tamil Nadu in India and some northern parts of Sri Lanka. "Mann" in Tamil, language means earth or soil and "Vetti" refers to a cutter. Colloquially it is called "Mambutty" or "Mambty". In Sinhala, it is called උදැල්ල udælla.

It is commonly used for construction work in southern India and is also sold on online stores like Amazon. It costs about Rs.500 to 800.

Hoe (tool)
A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural and horticultural hand tool used to shape soil, remove weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. Shaping the soil includes piling soil around the base of plants (hilling), digging narrow furrows (drills) and shallow trenches for planting seeds or bulbs. Weeding with a hoe includes agitating the surface of the soil or cutting foliage from roots, and clearing the soil of old roots and crop residues. Hoes for digging and moving soil are used to harvest root crops such as potatoes.
2007 Polaris Music Prize
The 2007 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 24, 2007, at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto.

The winning album was Patrick Watson's Close to Paradise.

According to CBC News, "finalists were drawn from submissions by more than 170 music journalists, reviewers and broadcasters across Canada."

Polaris Music Prize
The Polaris Music Prize is an annual music award given to the best full-length Canadian album based on artistic merit, regardless of genre, sales, or record label. The award was established in 2006 with a $20,000 cash prize, which was increased to $30,000 in 2011. The prize was increased to $50,000 in May 2015 by Slaight Music. Second-place prizes for the nine other acts on the shortlist also increased from $2,000 to $3,000. Polaris officials announced the Slaight Family Polaris Heritage Prize, an award that "will annually honour five albums from the five decades before Polaris launched in 2006."

The prize, modeled on the United Kingdom and Ireland's Mercury Prize, inspired the Atlantis and Borealis Music Prizes for Newfoundland and Labrador.

The Polaris committee and SOCAN announced the creation of the SOCAN Polaris Song Prize, honouring individual songs in addition to the albums award, in 2025. It replaced the SOCAN Songwriting Prize.
Hillman City, Seattle
Hillman City is a primarily residential neighborhood in southeastern Seattle, Washington, located in the Rainier Valley and centered about a half mile south of the Columbia City neighborhood. It was annexed by Seattle in January 1907, along with the rest of the town of Southeast Seattle.

The approximate borders of the neighborhood are South Dawson Street to the north, South Graham Street to the south, Martin Luther King Jr. Way South to the west, and 48th Avenue South to the east.

Columbia City, Seattle
Columbia City is a neighborhood in southeastern Seattle, Washington, within the city's Rainier Valley district. It has a landmark-protected historic business district and is one of the few Seattle neighborhoods with a long history of ethnic and income diversity.

The neighborhood's main thoroughfares running north–south are Rainier Avenue S. and Martin Luther King Jr. Way S. The principal east–west thoroughfares are S. Alaska Street, S Orcas Street, and S. Genesee Street. Mass transit includes Sound Transit's Central Link light rail service from the Columbia City station (approx. 15 minutes to downtown Seattle and 20 minutes to SeaTac airport).