hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic surface
In mathematics, an arithmetic surface over a Dedekind domain R with fraction field K is a geometric object having one conventional dimension, and one other dimension provided by the infinitude of the primes. When R is the ring of integers Z, this intuition depends on the prime ideal spectrum Spec(Z) being seen as analogous to a line. Arithmetic surfaces arise naturally in diophantine geometry, when an algebraic curve defined over K is thought of as having reductions over the residue fields R/P, where P is a prime ideal of R, for almost all P; and are helpful in specifying what should happen about the process of reducing to R/P when the most naive way fails to make sense.

Such an object can be defined more formally as an R-scheme with a non-singular, connected projective curve  for a generic fiber and unions of curves (possibly reducible, singular, non-reduced) over the appropriate residue field for special fibers.

Diophantine geometry
In mathematics, Diophantine geometry is the study of Diophantine equations by means of powerful methods in algebraic geometry. By the 20th century it became clear for some mathematicians that methods of algebraic geometry are ideal tools to study these equations. Diophantine geometry is part of the broader field of arithmetic geometry.

Four theorems in Diophantine geometry that are of fundamental importance include:

Mordell–Weil theorem

Roth's theorem

Siegel's theorem

Faltings's theorem
GEPetrol
GEPetrol is the national oil company of Equatorial Guinea.  The company was founded in 2002 after the writing of a presidential decree.  The company reports to the Ministry of Mines, Industry and Energy. GEPetrol's director is Teresa Isabel Nnang Avomo.  The company maintains its office in Malabo.

In October 2017, Kosmos Energy signed three production-sharing contracts with Equatorial Guinea for the EG-21, S, and W offshore blocks. Under the contract, Kosmos will hold an 80% stake in each block, while a national GEPetrol will hold the remaining stake.

In September 2018, two former oil executives from SBM Offshore were sentenced to prison and fined for involvement in an international bribery scheme involving officials from GEPetrol and a number of other state-owned oil companies.

Malabo
Malabo (/məˈlɑːboʊ/ mə-LAH-boh, Spanish: [maˈlaβo] ⓘ; formerly Santa Isabel [ˈsantajsaˈβel] ⓘ) is a city in Equatorial Guinea, located in the province of Bioko Norte. It is located on the north coast of the island of Bioko (Bube: Etulá, and as Fernando Pó by the Europeans). In 2018, the city had a population of approximately 297,000 inhabitants.

Spanish is the official language of the city and of the country as well, but Pichinglis is also used as a language of wider communication across Bioko island, including Malabo.

Malabo is the oldest city in Equatorial Guinea and served as its former capital. Ciudad de la Paz is a planned community in mainland Equatorial Guinea which was built to replace Malabo as the capital. The institutions of governance of Equatorial Guinea began the process of locating to Ciudad de la Paz in February 2017. Ciudad de la Paz was officially proclaimed capital of Equatorial Guinea in January 2026.
Primary clustering
In computer programming, primary clustering is a phenomenon that causes performance degradation in linear-probing hash tables. The phenomenon states that, as elements are added to a linear probing hash table, they have a tendency to cluster together into long runs (i.e., long contiguous regions of the hash table that contain no free slots). If the hash table is at a load factor of  for some parameter , then the expected length of the run containing a given element  is . This causes insertions and negative queries to take expected time  in a linear-probing hash table.

Lazy deletion
In computer science, lazy deletion refers to a method of deleting elements from a hash table that uses open addressing. In this method, deletions are done by marking an element as deleted, rather than erasing it entirely. Deleted locations are treated as empty when inserting and as occupied during a search. The deleted locations are sometimes referred to as tombstones.

The problem with this scheme is that as the number of delete/insert operations increases, the cost of a successful search increases. To improve this, when an element is searched and found in the table, the element is relocated to the first location marked for deletion that was probed during the search. Instead of finding an element to relocate when the deletion occurs, the relocation occurs lazily during the next search.
Eta Antliae
Eta Antliae is a double star in the southern constellation of Antlia. Its Bayer designation is Latinized from η Antliae, and abbreviated Eta Ant or η Ant, respectively. The brighter component has an apparent visual magnitude of  5.222, making it visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements of the system yield a distance estimate of 108.5 light-years (33.3 parsecs) from Earth. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +30 km/s.

The main component has a stellar classification of F1 V, which indicates that it is an F-type main sequence star. This star has 55% more mass than the Sun and a 72% greater radius. It shines with 6.6 times the Sun's luminosity at an effective temperature of 7,132 K. This heat gives it the yellow-white glow of an F-type star. There is a faint companion star located 31 arcseconds away with an apparent magnitude of +11.3. Most likely this pair form a binary star system.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Cleveland, Tasmania
Cleveland is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Northern Midlands in the Central LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the town of Longford. The 2016 census recorded a population of 45 for the state suburb of Cleveland.

Longford, Tasmania
Longford is a town in the northern midlands of Tasmania, Australia. It lies 145 m above sea level at the convergence of the Macquarie River and the South Esk River, 21 km south of Launceston and a 15-minute drive from the airport. It is just south of the Illawarra Road, a road connecting the Bass and Midland Highways. It has a population of 3,863 (2016 census) and is part of the Northern Midlands Council area. The region is predominantly agricultural, noted for wool, dairy produce and stock breeding.
Beit Lahia, Lebanon
Beit Lahia (or Beit Lahya)  (Arabic: بيت لهيا)  is a village situated in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon. It is located near Mount Hermon and the Syrian border, not far from Rashaya, Aaiha and Kfar Qouq.

The village sits about 955 metres (3,133 ft) above sea level and comprises an area of 392 hectares (3.92 km2).

Kfar Qouq
Kfar Qouq (and variations of spelling) is a village in Lebanon, situated in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate. It is located in an intermontane basin near Mount Hermon near the Syrian border, approximately halfway between Jezzine and Damascus.

The population of the hillside village is predominantly Druze.
Ehrhardt (typeface)
Ehrhardt is an old-style serif typeface released by the British branch of the Monotype Corporation in 1938. Ehrhardt is a modern adaptation of printing types of "stout Dutch character" from the Dutch Baroque tradition sold by the Ehrhardt foundry in Leipzig. These were cut by the Hungarian-Transylvanian pastor and punchcutter Miklós (Nicholas) Tótfalusi Kis while in Amsterdam in the period from 1680 to 1689.

From 1937 to 1938, Monotype re-cut the type for modern-day usage, and it has become a popular book typeface. Ehrhardt has a slightly condensed design, giving it a strongly vertical, crisp appearance.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
Rudkhaneh, Jiroft
Rudkhaneh (Persian: رودخانه, also Romanized as Rūdkhāneh; also known as Pūl and Rūdkhāneh Pol) is a village in Gevar Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 7 families.

Gevar Rural District
Gevar Rural District (Persian: دهستان گور) is in Sarduiyeh District of Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sahebabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qalatuiyeh.
Akhyar Rashid
Muhammad Akhyar bin Abdul Rashid (born 1 May 1999), better known as Akhyar Rashid, is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays either as a winger or striker for Malaysia Super League club Terengganu and the Malaysia national team.

2017 Piala Belia
The 2017 Piala Belia (English: Youth Cup) is the seventh season of the Piala Belia since its establishment in 2008. The league is currently the youth level (U19) football league in Malaysia. Bukit Jalil Sports School are the defending champions.
Zealand Series
Zealand Series (Danish: Sjællandsserien, SS, Herre Sjællandsserien) is the highest division for men organized by the regional association DBU Sjælland and one of the sixth-highest divisions overall in the Danish football league system. The Zealand Association Football Championship (Danish: Sjællandsmesterskabet, SM) was introduced a week after the association's foundation in 1902 and was played in a cup format until actual league formats organized on a double round-robin basis including promotions and relegations were introduced in 1927 with the highest ranking division being named Mesterrækken (or SBUs Mesterrække to distinguish it from the other regional leagues). At the time of the league's introduction, it was placed at the top of the Danish football league system, but has since been moved to its current status as the sixth best level, below the Denmark Series at the fifth level.

Danish Football Association
The Danish Football Association (Danish: Dansk Boldspil-Union; abbr. DBU) is the governing body of football in Denmark. It is the organization of Danish football clubs and runs the professional Danish football leagues, alongside the men's and women's national teams. Based in the city of Brøndby, it is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.
George Bolton (banker)
Sir George Lewis French Bolton KCMG (16 October 1900 – 2 September 1982) was a British banker who was noted for his expertise in the foreign exchange market and as a leading influence on the rebirth of London after the Second World War. He served as director of the Bank of England, chairman for the Bank of London and South America and executive director of the International Monetary Fund. He twice served as High Sheriff of the County of London.

Order of May
The Order of May (Spanish: Orden de Mayo) is an order of merit and one of the highest decorations in Argentina. The order is named after the May Revolution which led to the birth of the Republic of Argentina. It was founded as the Order of Merit by Decree No. 8506/46 of 1946, and revised to its current form on 17 December 1957.
Old Town Hall (Bratislava)
Old Town Hall (Slovak: Stará radnica, Hungarian: Régi városháza) is a complex of buildings from the 14th century in the Old Town of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. It is the oldest city hall in the country and it is one of the oldest stone buildings still standing in Bratislava, with the tower being built approximately in 1370. The town hall was created in the 15th century by connecting three townhouses, and then went through several reconstructions in the course of the centuries.

It houses the oldest museum in Bratislava, the Bratislava City Museum, founded in 1868, featuring an exhibit of the city history and an exhibit of torture devices. The outlook from the top of the Old Town Hall tower offers a round view of Bratislava Old Town and its environs.

Mayor of Bratislava
The mayor of Bratislava (Slovak: Primátor Bratislavy) is the city's highest executive authority and statutory representative. The mayor represents the city externally, signs ordinances and contracts, and chairs meetings of the City Council. The mayor's office is located in the Primate's Palace. Since 2018 the office has been held by Matúš Vallo, an architect.
Siege of Genoa (1814)
The siege of Genoa on 13–18 April 1814 was the capture of the port city of Genoa from the First French Empire by a British–Sicilian army, during the War of the Sixth Coalition. The Anglo-Sicilian forces, commanded by Lieutenant General William Bentinck, laid siege to the Ligurian capital, while the Austrians invaded Lombardy in the Italian campaign of 1813–1814. The Republic of Genoa was restored but soon abolished, at the behest of the Congress of Vienna, and ceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)
The Kingdom of Naples (Italian: Regno di Napoli; Neapolitan: Regno 'e Napule) was a French client state in southern Italy that existed from 1806 to 1815. It was founded after the Bourbon Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily sided with the Third Coalition against Napoleon, and was in return ousted from his kingdom by a French invasion. Joseph Bonaparte, elder brother of Napoleon, was installed in his stead: Joseph conferred the title "Prince of Naples" to be hereditary on his children and grandchildren. When Joseph became king of Spain in 1808, Napoleon appointed his brother-in-law Marshal Joachim Murat to take his place. Murat was later deposed by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after striking at Austria in the Neapolitan War, in which he was decisively defeated at the Battle of Tolentino.
Documentation
Documentation is any communicable material that is used to describe, explain, or instruct regarding some attributes of an object, system, or procedure, such as its parts, assembly, installation, maintenance, and use. As a form of knowledge management and knowledge organization, documentation can be provided on paper, online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples of such resources include user guides, white papers, online help, and quick-reference guides. Paper or hard-copy documentation has become less common. Contemporary documentation is often distributed through websites, software products, and other online applications.

Documentation, understood as a set of instructional materials, should not be confused with documentation science, which is the study of the recording and retrieval of information.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
Al-Rayyan, Syria
Al-Rayyan (Arabic: الريان) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located southeast of Homs. Nearby localities include Sakrah to the north, al-Haraki to the northeast, al-Sayyid to the east, al-Riqama to the southeast, Judaydat al-Sharqiyah to the southwest, Maskanah to the west and Zaidal and Fairouzeh to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Rayyan had a population of 4,876 in the 2004 census.

Al-Riqama
Al-Riqama (Arabic: الرقاما, also spelled ar-Raqamah) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located 34 kilometers southeast of Homs. Nearby localities include Dardaghan to the southwest, Shayrat to the southeast and Tell al-Naqa further to the north. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Riqama had a population of 3,900 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Many of al-Riqama's inhabitants work in agriculture, cultivating dry cereals, grapes and almonds in irrigated fields, and raise sheep. The town's traditional houses are built from stone and have wood roofing. Al-Riqama had been classified as an abandoned village or khirba by English scholar Eli Smith in 1838. The town contains ruined historic structures noted for the dominant cone-shaped dome roofs. The structures have square bases with two-meter-high walls and are built from red mud brick.
Omnitracker
Omnitracker is a proprietary business process platform developed by Omninet GmbH in Germany. Omnitracker is developed as modular software for medium and large companies. It is used to track, control and evaluate relevant business processes. The main area of application is the support of ITIL compliant processes, which manages requests, incidents/ errors, customer inquiries from the moment of creation to completion. Omnitracker received certifications of the Federal Association of IT-Mittelstand  and Pink Elephant that covers nine processes.

ITIL
ITIL (previously and also known as Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is a framework with a set of practices (previously processes) for IT activities such as IT service management (ITSM) and IT asset management (ITAM) that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of the business.

ITIL describes best practices, including processes, procedures, tasks, and checklists which are neither organization-specific nor technology-specific. It is designed to allow organizations to establish a baseline and can be used to demonstrate compliance and to measure improvements. Other similar frameworks exist, such as the Microsoft Operations Framework.

There is no formal independent third-party compliance assessment available to demonstrate ITIL compliance in an organization. Certification in ITIL is only available to individuals and not organizations. Since 2021, the ITIL trademark has been owned by PeopleCert.
Seán Brady (cardinal)
Seán Brady KGCHS (born 16 August 1939) is an Irish prelate who is a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland from 1996 until 2014. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI in the consistory on 24 November 2007. He left office in 2014 and was succeeded by Eamon Martin, who had served as Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh since 2013.

Pontifical Lateran University
The Pontifical Lateran University (Italian: Pontificia Università Lateranense; Latin: Pontificia Universitas Lateranensis), also known as Lateranum, is a pontifical university based in Rome. The university also hosts the central session of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. The university is known as "The Pope's University". Its Grand Chancellor is the Vicar General to the Holy Father for the Diocese of Rome. As of 2014 the Pontifical Lateran university had students from more than a hundred countries. It is also sometimes also known as the Pontifical University of Apollinaire.
Bridge City, Louisiana
Bridge City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States. It was established in the 1930s during the construction of the Huey P. Long Bridge over the Mississippi River. The town is located on the south side (referred to as the "West Bank") of the river. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area.

The Bridge City CDP population was 7,706 at the 2010 census. At the 2019 American Community Survey, its population declined to 6,602 residents. The population of Bridge City rebounded to 7,219 in 2020.

Westwego, Louisiana
Westwego is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, located in Jefferson Parish. It is a suburban community of New Orleans in the Greater New Orleans metropolitan area and lies along the west bank of the Mississippi River. The population of the city of Westwego was 8,568 at the 2020 United States census.
Märkisch-Oderland II
Märkisch-Oderland II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Brandenburg. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 32. It is located in within the district of Märkisch-Oderland.

Märkisch-Oderland
Märkisch-Oderland is a Landkreis (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring this district are (from the north clockwise) the district of Barnim, the country of Poland, the district-free city of Frankfurt (Oder), the district of Oder-Spree and the Bundesland of Berlin. The administrative seat is the town of Seelow but the largest town is Strausberg.
Agriculture in Timor-Leste
Agriculture is a vital and crucial part of the economy of Timor-Leste. In 2016, it employed 80% of people in Timor-Leste. The main harvesting exports are coffee, rice, maize, coconuts, cassava, soybeans, cinnamon, bananas, mango, and sweet potatoes. Coffee is the second largest export of the whole country, only after petroleum. East Timor's economy depends on these exports.

Economy of Timor-Leste
The economy of Timor-Leste is a lower-middle income economy as ranked by the World Bank. It is placed 142th on the Human Development Index, indicating a medium level of human development. 20% of the population is unemployed, and 52.9% live on less than $1.25 a day. About half of the population is illiterate. At 27%, Timor-Leste's urbanisation rate is one of the lowest in the world.

In 2007, a bad harvest caused a "major food crisis" in Timor-Leste. By November, eleven sub-districts still needed food supplied by international aid.

According to data gathered in the 2010 census, 87.7% of urban and 18.9% of rural households have electricity, for an overall average of 36.7%.
Gmina Sztabin
Gmina Sztabin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Sztabin, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-east of Augustów and 63 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 361.8 square kilometres (139.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,079.

Augustów County
Augustów County (Polish: powiat augustowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest city is Augustów, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Lipsk, lying 32 km (20 mi) south-east of Augustów.

The county covers an area of 1,658.27 square kilometres (640.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 58,205.