hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 U.S. Open Swimming Championships
The 2020 Toyota U.S. Open Swimming Championships were contested from November 12 to 14, 2020 in a virtual competition format at nine locations in the United States with medalists determined from the merged results across all nine locations. Competition was conducted in long course (50 meter) pools.

U.S. Open (swimming)
The U.S. Open Swimming Championships, or U.S. Open, is a championship meet organized by USA Swimming which is open to international teams/swimmers. It was first held in 1985, and was held annually in December through 2006. Beginning in 2007, the meet's first-weekend-of-December timing was given over to the resurrected USA Short Course Nationals, and the U.S. Open moved to being held on an as-needed basis (generally in years where the USA championship that is swum is closed or partially closed to foreign swimmers). From 2007 to 2017, the meet was held in early August, in years where the U.S. Nationals were not held in August. In recent years, the meet has returned to the end of the calendar year.

The meet is traditionally a long course (50m) meet, although twice has been swum short course meters (25m): in 1996 and in 1998 (the latter where it immediately followed a World Aquatics Swimming World Cup meet).
Manthali, Ramechhap
Manthali  is a municipality and the headquarters of Ramechhap District in Bagmati Province, Nepal.  It was established on 2 December 2014 by merging the former village development committees Old-Manthali, Bhatauli, Chisapani, Kathjor, Bhaluwajor, Salupati and Sunarpani.  It was declared the headquarters of the district on 9 March 1989 (26 Falgun 2045 BS). It lies on the bank of the Tamakoshi River. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 45,416 people, living in 10,099 individual households.

Sunarpani
Sunarpani  is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,236 people living in 428 individual households.
Neandra brunnea
Neandra brunnea, the pole borer, is a species of the longhorn beetle family, subfamily Parandrinae. The longhorn beetle grows between 8 and 20 mm (0.79 in) and is yellowish-brown or reddish-brown in colour with relatively short, serrate antennae. Its range includes the entire eastern portion of North America. It can be seen between March and November.

Parandrinae
Parandrinae is a subfamily of Long-Horned Beetles in the beetle family Cerambycidae. There are about 14 genera and more than 120 described species in Parandrinae.

Atypical for cerambycids, the antennae are quite short species in Parandrinae, and the tarsi have 5 easily  visible segments; they are thus rather similar in appearance to stag beetles.
Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka
Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (Polish: [tɨmʲɛˈɲɛt͡ska]; February 28, 1923 – June 7, 2014) was a Polish philosopher, phenomenologist, founder and president of The World Phenomenology Institute, and editor (from its inception in the late 1960s) of the book series, Analecta Husserliana.  She had a thirty-two-year friendship and occasional academic collaboration with Pope John Paul II.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
I Can't Stand the Rain (album)
I Can't Stand the Rain is the fourth studio album by American Memphis soul singer Ann Peebles. It was released on the Hi label in 1974 and was her highest-charting record on the Billboard 200, where it reached no. 155 and spent 7 weeks. Produced by Willie Mitchell and largely written by Peebles and her husband, Don Bryant, I Can't Stand the Rain included the R&B hits "I'm Gonna Tear Your Playhouse Down" and "I Can't Stand the Rain", the latter of which reached no. 6 on the R&B chart and no. 38 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1973.

The Memphis Horns
The Memphis Horns was an American horn section, made famous by their many appearances on Stax Records. The duo consisted of Wayne Jackson on trumpet and Andrew Love on tenor saxophone. An "offshoot of the Mar-Keys", they continued to work together for over 30 years. They lent their sound to 83 gold and platinum awards and over one hundred high-charting records, including Otis Redding's "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", Al Green's "Let's Stay Together", and Elvis Presley's "Suspicious Minds".
Navstar 7
Navstar 7, also known as GPS I-7 and GPS SVN-7, was an American navigation satellite which was lost in a launch failure in 1981. It was intended to be used in the Global Positioning System development program. It was the seventh of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched, and the only one to fail to achieve orbit.

GPS satellite blocks
GPS satellite blocks are the various production generations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) used for satellite navigation. The first satellite in the system, Navstar 1, was launched by the United States Air Force on 22 February 1978. The GPS satellite constellation is now operated by the 2nd Navigation Warfare Squadron (2 NWS) of Mission Delta 31, United States Space Force.

The GPS satellites circle the Earth at an altitude of about 20,000 km (12,427 miles) and complete two full orbits every day.
Marquisate of Finale
The Marquisate of Finale was an Italian state of the Holy Roman Empire in what is now Liguria, part of the former medieval Aleramici March. It was ruled for some six centuries by the Aleramici branch known as marquesses del Vasto (when they also held the March of Savona) and later Del Carretto, when Savona became a free commune. In 1598 the marquisate was sold by its last marquis, Sforza Andrea to Philip II of Spain and in 1713 it was finally ceded to the Republic of Genoa, where it remained so until 1797, when it was invaded by Napoleon, ceasing its existence.

Novello, Piedmont
Novello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is located approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 968 and covered an area of 11.6 square kilometres (4.5 sq mi). Novello shares borders with the following municipalities: Barolo, Lequio Tanaro, Monchiero, Monforte d'Alba, and Narzole.
James H. Howard
James Howell Howard (April 8, 1913 – March 18, 1995) was a general in the United States Air Force and one of just two fighter pilots in the European Theater of Operations in World War II to receive the Medal of Honor—the United States military's highest decoration.  Howard was an ace in two operational theaters during World War II, with six kills over Asia with the Flying Tigers of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) in the Pacific, and six kills over Europe with the United States Army Air Forces. CBS commentator Andy Rooney, then a wartime reporter for Stars and Stripes, called Howard's exploits "the greatest fighter pilot story of World War II". In later life, Howard was a successful businessman, author, and airport director.

Andy Rooney
Andrew Aitken Rooney (January 14, 1919 – November 4, 2011) was an American radio and television writer who was best known for his weekly broadcast "A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney", a part of the CBS News program 60 Minutes from 1978 to 2011. His final regular appearance on 60 Minutes aired on October 2, 2011; he died a month later at the age of 92.
Dismissal (liturgy)
The Dismissal (Greek: απόλυσις; Slavonic: otpust) is the final blessing said by a Christian priest or minister at the end of a religious service. In liturgical churches the dismissal will often take the form of ritualized words and gestures, such as raising the minister's hands over the congregation, or blessing with the sign of the cross. The use of a final blessing at the end of a liturgical service may be based upon the Priestly Blessing prescribed for the kohanim in the Torah (Numbers 6:23–27).

Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus, Mary, and other followers of the Christ, while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–31). Pentecost marks the "Birthday of the Church".

Pentecost is one of the Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a Solemnity in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, and a Principal Feast in the Anglican Communion. Many Christian denominations provide a special liturgy for this holy celebration. Since its date depends on the date of Easter, Pentecost is a "moveable feast". The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European, African and Caribbean countries.
Western long-tailed hornbill
The western long-tailed hornbill (Horizocerus albocristatus) is a species of hornbill (family Bucerotidae) found in humid forests of West Africa. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the eastern long-tailed hornbill (Horizocerus cassini) with the English name "white-crested hornbill".

John Cassin
John Cassin (September 6, 1813 – January 10, 1869) was an American ornithologist from Pennsylvania. He worked as curator and vice president at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences and focused on the systemic classification of the academy's extensive collection of birds. He was one of the founders of the Delaware County Institute of Science and published several books describing 194 new species of birds.  Five species of North American birds, a cicada, and a mineral are named in his honor.
Zarzecze, Bełchatów County
Zarzecze [zaˈʐɛt͡ʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluki, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Kluki, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Bełchatów, and 56 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Kluki, Łódź Voivodeship
Kluki [ˈkluki] is a village in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kluki. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Bełchatów and 51 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
History of measurement systems in India
The history of measurement systems in India begins in early Indus Valley civilisation with the earliest surviving samples dated to the 3rd millennium BCE. Since early times the adoption of standard weights and measures has reflected in the country's architectural, folk, and metallurgical artifacts. A complex system of weights and measures was adopted by the Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE), which also formulated regulations for the usage of this system. Later, the Mughal Empire (1526–1857) used standard measures to determine land holdings and collect land tax as a part of Mughal land reforms. The formal metrication in India is dated to 1 October 1958 when the Indian Government adopted the International System of Units (SI).

History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent
The history of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent began prior to the 3rd millennium BCE. Metals and related concepts were mentioned in various early Vedic age texts. The Rigveda already uses the Sanskrit term ayas (Sanskrit: अयस्, romanized: áyas, lit. 'metal; copper; iron'). The Indian cultural and commercial contacts with the Near East and the Greco-Roman world enabled an exchange of metallurgic sciences. The advent of the Mughals (established: April 21, 1526—ended: September 21, 1857)  further improved the established tradition of metallurgy and metal working in India. During the period of British rule in India (first by the East India Company and then by the Crown), the metalworking industry in India stagnated due to various colonial policies, though efforts by industrialists led to the industry's revival during the 19th century.
National Honor Society
The National Honor Society (NHS) is one of the oldest, largest, and most widely recognized cocurricular student organizations in American high schools, with 1.4 million members. The purpose of the NHS is to create enthusiasm for scholarship, to recognize outstanding students, to stimulate a desire to render service, to promote leadership, and to develop character in the students of secondary schools. Membership in local NHS chapters is an honor bestowed upon a student by a Faculty Council and is based on the four pillars of NHS: scholarship, character, leadership, and service. Once selected, members have the responsibility to continue to demonstrate these qualities.

National Junior Honor Society
The National Junior Honor Society (NJHS) is an American international student organization with chapters in middle schools. The NJHS was founded by the National Association of Secondary School Principals, and today has chapters in the United States, the U.S. territories, and around the world. The National Junior Honor Society recognizes middle-school students who exemplify the qualities of scholarship, service, leadership and citizenship. Additionally, the organization offers a variety of educational opportunities designed to enhance students' academic and personal development.
Zonaria pyrum
Zonaria pyrum, common name the pear cowry, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

Subspecies

Zonaria pyrum insularum F. A. Schilder, 1928

Zonaria pyrum pyrum (Gmelin, 1791)

Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries (sg. cowry or cowrie), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.
Mancos, Colorado
Mancos is a statutory town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 1,196 at the 2020 census, down from 1,336 in 2010.

The town is in southwestern Colorado, at the base of Mesa Verde National Park, and holds the trademark for "Gateway to Mesa Verde". Surrounded by rangeland and mountains, Mancos offers a variety of outdoor recreational activities. The town was founded in 1894, near the site where early Spanish explorers first crossed the Mancos River. It is the commercial center for east Montezuma County, and was considered at one time as a county seat. It is served by U.S. Highway 160 and State Highway 184.

La Plata Mountains
The La Plata Mountains are a small subrange of the San Juan Mountains in the southwestern part of Colorado, United States. They are located on the border between Montezuma and La Plata counties, about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Durango. Their name is Spanish for silver.

The peaks of the range are easily visible from U.S. Route 160, which skirts the range on the south. The La Plata River and the Mancos River have their headwaters in the range. The Colorado Trail accesses even towards the northern peaks.

The best-known and highest peak in the La Plata Mountains is Hesperus Mountain, which is the Navajo sacred mountain of the north. The seven highest summits are listed below.
2015 Valencia Open
The 2015 Valencia Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 21st and the last edition of the Valencia Open, part of the 250 Series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. The tournament was formerly part of the ATP World Tour 500 series but was downgraded starting in 2015. It was held at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències in Valencia, Spain, from 26 October through 1 November 2015. Unseeded João Sousa won the singles title.

2015 ATP World Tour
The 2015 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2015 tennis season. The 2015 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2015 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Santa Ana, Pampanga
Santa Ana, officially the Municipality of Santa Ana (Kapampangan: Balen ning Santa Ana; Tagalog: Bayan ng Santa Ana), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 63,431 people.

Mexico, Pampanga
Mexico (also known as Masiku), officially the Municipality of Mexico (Kapampangan: Balen ning Mexico; Tagalog: Bayan ng Mexico), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 187,597 people.

It was also formerly known as Nuevo México during the Spanish period.
W Puppis
The Bayer designations W Puppis and w Puppis, and variable star designation W Puppis, are distinct and refer to three different stars in the constellation Puppis:

W Puppis (HR 3002, HD 62713, HIP 37664), a high-proper-motion star, a red giant star; see List of stars in Puppis

w Puppis (HR 3282, HD 70555) an orange giant star

W Puppis (HD 63218, HIP 37893, AAVSO 0742-41), a Mira variable star

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Drosera roraimae
Drosera roraimae is a sundew native to Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. It was originally described as a variety of Drosera montana before being raised to species rank in 1957.

The specific epithet roraimae refers to Mount Roraima, a tepui or table-top mountain, where the type specimen was collected.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".
Velykokomarivka
Velykokomarivka (Ukrainian: Великокомарівка) is a village in Rozdilna Raion of Odesa Oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. It belongs to Velyka Mykhailivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It was founded in 1810 with the name Kassel and later renamed as Velykokomarivka.

Velyka Mykhailivka settlement hromada
Velyka Mykhailivka settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Великомихайлівська селищна громада) is a hromada in Rozdilna Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 13,295 (2022 estimate)

The hromada consists of a rural settlement of Velyka Mykhailivka and 28 villages:
1988 Glasgow Govan by-election
The 1988 Glasgow Govan by-election, for the UK House of Commons constituency of Glasgow Govan, Scotland, was held on 10 November 1988. It was caused by the resignation of Bruce Millan as Member of Parliament for the constituency following his appointment as a European commissioner.

The result of the election provided the first major upset of the by-elections in the 1987-92 Parliament and was seen as embarrassing for the Labour Party, with the former Labour MP Jim Sillars winning the seat for the Scottish National Party with a majority of 3,554 votes and a large swing from Labour to the SNP. However, it would soon be the Tories who were suffering losses in by-elections, although the 1987-1992 Parliament would ultimately end with a fourth consecutive Conservative victory.

Glasgow Govan (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Govan was a parliamentary constituency in the Govan district of Glasgow. It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for 120 years; from 1885 until 2005, returning one Member of Parliament (MP) elected by the first-past-the-post system.

It was a Conservative-Liberal marginal seat for the first three decades of its existence, before breaking this trend when the Labour Party won the seat in 1918. It remained a Labour-controlled seat for the next fifty-five years, except for a five-year Conservative interlude between 1950 and 1955, until being seized by the Scottish National Party at a by-election in 1973, only to be regained by Labour the following year. The SNP regained the seat at a 1988 by-election, only to lose it again to Labour in 1992. It remained under Labour control until its abolition thirteen years later.

The area which the constituency represented is now covered by Glasgow Central, Glasgow South and Glasgow South West.
2013–14 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team
The 2013–14 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team represented the University of California, Riverside during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Highlanders are led by first year head coach Dennis Cutts and played their home games at the Student Recreation Center Arena as members of the Big West Conference. They finished the season 10–21, 5–11 in Big West play to finish in eighth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big West Conference tournament to UC Irvine.

2014 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2014 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 13–15, 2014 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California. The champion Cal Poly Mustangs received the conference's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.
Ronny Keller
Ronny Keller (born 6 October 1979) is a Swiss former ice hockey defenceman. Between 1997 and 2013, Keller played 14 seasons in the Swiss National League A (ZSC Lions, Kloten Flyers, Lausanne HC and Rapperswil-Jona Lakers) and National League B (Grasshopper Club Zürich, EHC Basel, Lausanne HC, HC Thurgau, HC Sierre-Anniviers and EHC Olten).

On March 5, 2013, Keller (who played for EHC Olten at the time) was checked from behind and into the boards by SC Langenthal forward Stefan Schnyder. He suffered significant damage to his fourth thoracic vertebra and was operated on the following day. On March 7 doctors announced that Keller's spinal cord injury would leave him a permanent paraplegic. The Swiss league opened a disciplinary investigation on the incident while SC Langenthal officials announced that Schnyder would sit out the remainder of the season.

Lausanne HC
Lausanne Hockey Club is a professional ice hockey team based in Lausanne, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games in the 10,000-seat Vaudoise Aréna.