hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philodendron vargealtense
Philodendron vargealtense is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to southeastern Brazil in the state of Espírito Santo. Like others in its genus, it is a climbing hemiepiphyte or rupicolous (growing on rocks), and is in the section Calostigma. It is similar to Philodendron myrmecophilum.

Philodendron
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2025, the Plants of the World Online accepted 625 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.
Doughty Street
Doughty Street is a broad tree-lined street in the King's Cross district of the London Borough of Camden. The southern part is a continuation of the short John Street, which comes off Theobald's Road. The northern part crosses Guilford Street and ends at Mecklenburgh Square. The street is named after a landlord of the area at the time it was built, Henry Doughty.

Theobalds Road
Theobalds Road is a road in the Holborn district of London.  It is named after Theobalds Palace because King James I used this route when going between there and London, travelling with his court and baggage of some 200 carts.  For this reason, it was also known as the King's Way which is now the name of the nearby road, Kingsway.

A tram tunnel was built under Kingsway in 1902–1906 which had its north-eastern entrance at Theobalds Road.  When the tram network was closed in the 1950s, the Theobalds Road end was used as a flood control centre and movie location. In 1925 the South Place Ethical Society purchased land on Theobalds Road where the rear entrance to Conway Hall was subsequently constructed.

The road's name is usually pronounced intuitively (/ˈθiːəbəldz/), but traditionally it was pronounced "Tibbalds" (/ˈtɪbəldz/).

The road was home to the Theobald's Road Institute (or Institution) at number 8, founded by William Benbow, in 1820.
Gaudentius (music theorist)
Gaudentius was a Greek music theorist in Classical Antiquity. Nothing is known of his life or background, or when he lived, except what can be inferred from his sole surviving work, Εἰσαγωγὴ ἁρμονική (English: Harmonic Introduction), a treatise.

Leonhard Schmitz and Karl von Jan say that he seems to have known the writings of Aristoxenus (fl. 335 BCE); but Schmitz says, not those of Ptolemy (c. 100-170 CE). Hugo Riemann says he may have been a younger contemporary of Ptolemy.: 20

Cassiodorus (c. 485-585) praises the treatise, and mentions a contemporary Latin translation for use in schools by one Mutianus, which has not survived. The treatise was first printed in 1652 by Marcus Meibomius, together with a commentary and a Latin translation, in his Antiquae musicae auctores septem (English: Ancient Music by Seven Authors).

Aristoxenus
Aristoxenus of Tarentum (Greek: Ἀριστόξενος ὁ Ταραντῖνος; born c. 375, fl. 335 BC) was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle. Most of his writings, which dealt with philosophy, ethics and music, have been lost, but one musical treatise, Elements of Harmony (Greek: Ἁρμονικὰ στοιχεῖα; Latin: Elementa harmonica), survives incomplete, as well as some fragments concerning rhythm and meter. The Elements is the chief source of our knowledge of ancient Greek music.
Frank McGrath (hurler)
Frank Cornelius McGrath (born 16 October 1885) was an Irish hurler and manager who played for the Tipperary senior team.

McGrath made his first appearance for the team during the 1913 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen for just two seasons until he left the panel after the 1914 championship. During that time he won one Munster medal. McGrath was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level McGrath played with Nenagh Éire Óg.

In retirement from playing McGrath became involved in team management. He served as manager and selector for Tipperary's All-Ireland winning campaigns in 1925 and 1937.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
Gibil
Gibil (𒀭𒉈𒄀), also known under the Akkadian name Girra, was a Mesopotamian god associated with fire, both in its positive and negative aspects. He also played a role in ritual purification. Textual sources indicate his symbol was a torch, though no representations of him have been identified in Mesopotamian art. Multiple genealogies could be assigned to him. The god list An = Anum indicates his spouse was Ninirigal. He was also frequently associated with deities such as Shamash, Nuska and Kusu. He is first attested in Early Dynastic texts from Shuruppak, such as offering lists. He was also a member of the pantheon of Eridu. In the Kassite period he was worshiped in Nippur. Later attestations are available from Assyria and from Uruk. He also appears in a number of literary texts.

Theophoric name
A theophoric name (from Greek: θεόφορος, theophoros, literally "bearing or carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or a god's name in a person's name, reflecting something about the character of the person so named in relation to that deity. For example, names embedding Apollo, such as Apollonios or Apollodorus, existed in Greek antiquity.

Theophoric personal names, containing the name of a god in whose care the individual is entrusted (or a generic word for god), were also exceedingly common in the ancient Near East and Mesopotamia.  Some names of theophoric origin remain common today, such as Theodore (theo-, "god"; -dore, origin of word compound in Greek: doron, "gift"; hence "God's gift"; in Greek: Theodoros) or, less recognisably, Jonathan (from Hebrew Yonatan/Yehonatan, meaning "Yahweh has given").
FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019 – Men's ski slopestyle
The Men's ski slopestyle competition at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019 was held on February 6, 2019. Due to bad weather conditions, the competition was moved back one day.

FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2019
The 2019 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships was held in Utah, in resorts Park City, Deer Valley and Solitude Mountain, from February 1 to 10, 2019.

19-year-old Dmitry Loginov of Russia became the youngest World Champion in Parallel Giant Slalom and the only snowboarder to win back-to-back events (parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom) in both junior and senior championships.
Samuel Ruben
Samuel Ruben (14 July 1900 – 16 July 1988) was an American inventor who made lasting contributions to electrochemistry and solid-state technology, including the founding of Duracell. He is listed as an inventor in over 200 patents.

Butler University
Butler University is a private university in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1855 and named after founder Ovid Butler, the university has over 60 major academic fields of study within six colleges in the arts, business, communication, education, liberal arts and the sciences, and health sciences. It enrolls approximately 5,700 undergraduate and graduate students. Its 295-acre (119 ha) campus is approximately five miles (8.0 km) north of downtown Indianapolis.
Searching for Heritage
Searching for Heritage is an album that John Butler recorded and sold on cassette tapes while he was busking on the streets of Fremantle in 1996. It is a collection of instrumental songs, some of which ("Ocean" and "Valley") were re-recorded on the debut self-titled album John Butler. During this time, Butler was usually playing on his own.  Completely self-funded, it sold three and a half thousand copies and enabled Butler to fund his first CD recording.

The tape is highly sought after by collectors since it was out of print of many years, with some copies only found second-hand at music stores. The tape was never reissued after the initial release.

To celebrate the Searching for Heritage's 20th anniversary in 2016, the album was reissued in a vinyl edition, which sold out in 36 hours, and also in several downloadable 24-bit lossless audio formats.

John Butler (album)
John Butler is the first full-length album by the John Butler Trio, released 27 December 1998.

It was recorded at Studio Couch, Fremantle and engineered by George Nikoloudis and Shaun O'Callaghan, mixed by Shaun O'Callaghan and George Nikoloudis and mastered by Shaun O'Callaghan and Richard Mahony at Studio Couch and Toad Hall.

All music and lyrics were written, arranged and produced by John Butler, except for the words of the chorus in "Colours" which were from Sly and the Family Stone.

With Jason McGann on drums and Gavin Shoesmith on bass, the first version of the group recorded the album in December 1998 which was launched at Mojos Bar in North Fremantle.
Aguacapa River
The Aguacapa River (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈkapa]) is a river in Guatemala. Its sources are located in the hills southeast of Guatemala City, at an altitude of 1,850 metres (6,070 ft). From there it flows in a southerly direction through the departments of Guatemala and Santa Rosa and at 14°16′47″N 90°31′36″W﻿ / ﻿14.2797°N 90.5266°W﻿ / 14.2797; -90.5266﻿ (Aguacapa River) joins the Maria Linda River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean.

The river was dammed in 1981 in order to power the turbines of the Aguacapa Hydroelectric Power Plant. In 2015 a second dam was built for the El Cóbano Hydroelectric Power Plant.

María Linda River
The Río María Linda is a river in southwest Guatemala. Its sources are located south of Lake Amatitlán in the department of Guatemala. The 70 km (43 mi) long river flows southwards through the coastal lowlands of Escuintla and Santa Rosa to the Pacific Ocean.

The María Linda river basin covers a territory of 2,727 square kilometres (1,053 sq mi).
1990 NCAA Division II football season
The 1990 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level, began in August 1990, and concluded with the NCAA Division II Football Championship on December 8, 1990, at Braly Municipal Stadium in Florence, Alabama, hosted by the University of North Alabama. The North Dakota State Bison defeated IUP, 51–11, to win their fifth Division II national title.

The Harlon Hill Trophy was awarded to Chris Simdorn, quarterback from North Dakota State.

Braly Municipal Stadium
Tom Braly Municipal Stadium is a 14,215-seat stadium in Florence, Alabama. It is primarily used for American football, and is the home field of the Florence High School Falcons. From 1949 to 2025, it was the home of the North Alabama Lions. It also hosted the NCAA Division II Football Championship games from 1986 to 2013, which were broadcast on ESPN.

UNA holds a 281–135–8 record at Braly Stadium. It has also hosted 30 of UNA's 47 Division II Playoff games.
Edward Divers
Edward Divers FRS (27 November 1837 – 8 April 1912) was a British experimental chemist who rose to prominence despite being visually impaired from young age. Between 1873 and 1899, Divers lived and worked in Japan and significantly contributed to the science and education of that country.

University of Galway
The University of Galway (Irish: Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland. The university was founded in 1845 as Queen's College, Galway. It was known as "University College, Galway" (UCG) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh) from 1908 to 1997 and as "National University of Ireland Galway" (NUI Galway) (Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh; OÉ Gaillimh) from 1997 to 2022. In September 2022, it changed its name to "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway". It is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of 42 long-established European universities.
Klabat Stadium
Klabat Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is used as the home venue for Persma Manado and Sulut United. It is also the former home venue for Persipura Jayapura.  The stadium have a capacity of 20,000 people. The stadium is used for the friendly match between PSV Eindhoven and Persma Manado in the era of the 90s.

Sulut United F.C.
Sulawesi Utara United Football Club is an Indonesian football club based in Manado, North Sulawesi. The club currently plays in Liga 3 However, the club withdrew this season. And automatically relegated to Liga 4 indonesia
Donja Jablanica
Donja Jablanica is a village in the municipality of Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the 2024 Bosnia and Herzegovina floods, a quarry above the village collapsed, with debris being swept through Donja Jablanica. At least 21 people died.

Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jablanica (Serbian Cyrillic: Јабланица) is a town and municipality located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the Neretva river and Jablanica lake.
Nanorana
Nanorana is a genus of dicroglossid frogs. They are found in Asia, from the Himalayan region of northern Pakistan and northern India, Nepal, and western China east to montane southern China and southeast to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and northern Vietnam. Common names of these frogs reflect the complex taxonomic history of the genus (see below) and include Yunnan slow frogs (or simply slow frogs) and High Himalaya frogs (for the now-synonymized genus Altirana).

Dicroglossidae
The frog family Dicroglossidae occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, with most genera and species being found in Asia. The common name of the family is fork-tongued frogs.

The Dicroglossidae were previously considered to be a subfamily in the family Ranidae, but their position as a family is now well established.
Trittau
Trittau (German pronunciation: [ˈtʁɪtaʊ] ⓘ; West Low German: Trittow) is a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, located 30 km east of Hamburg. It is the economical and administrative center of Amt Trittau, which is part of the Stormarn district. Other villages in the county are Grönwohld, Lütjensee, Großensee, Rausdorf and Grande.

Stormarn (district)
Stormarn (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɔʁmaʁn] ⓘ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Segeberg and Ostholstein, the city of Lübeck, the district of Lauenburg, and the city-state of Hamburg.
Scylax of Caryanda
Scylax of Caryanda (Ancient Greek: Σκύλαξ ὁ Καρυανδεύς; fl. 510s BCE) was a Greek explorer and writer of the Achaemenid Empire during the late 6th and early 5th centuries BCE. His writings are lost, though occasionally they are cited or quoted by later Greek and Roman authors. The periplus sometimes referred to as the Periplus of Scylax is, in fact, not written by him. More accurately called the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, it was written in about the early 330s BCE by an unknown author working in the ambit of the post-Platonic Academy or the Aristotelian Peripatos (Lyceum) at Athens.

David Bivar
Adrian David Hugh Bivar, FRAS (abbreviated A.D.H. Bivar) (1926 - 2015) was a British numismatist and archaeologist, who was Emeritus Professor of Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He specialized in Sasanian seals and rock reliefs, Kushano-Sasanian coins and chronology, Mithraic iconography, Arsacid history and pre-Islamic folklore. His written works include book chapters written for the Fischer Weltgeschichte (vol.16, 1966) and The Cambridge History of Iran (1983).
Dodo bird verdict
The Dodo bird verdict (or Dodo bird conjecture) is a controversial topic in psychotherapy, referring to the claim that all empirically validated psychotherapies, regardless of their specific components, produce equivalent outcomes. It is named after the Dodo character in Alice in Wonderland. The conjecture was introduced by Saul Rosenzweig in 1936, drawing on imagery from Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, but only came into prominence with the emergence of new research evidence in the 1970s.

The surrounding debate is primarily centered around whether the differences in treatments contribute to their success/failure or if all therapies are equally effective.
The importance of this continuing debate surrounding the Dodo bird verdict stems from its implications for professionals involved in the field of psychotherapy and the psychotherapies made available to clients.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Revierwasserlaufanstalt Freiberg
The Revierwasserlaufanstalt Freiberg (approximately: "Freiberg Mines Water Management System") or RWA Freiberg, was a historical water management system that delivered driving water to the Freiberg mines in the time of the German Electorate and later Kingdom of Saxony. Today the system is used to supply drinking and industrial water and is operated by the Saxony State Reservoir Office (Landestalsperrenverwaltung Sachsen).

The Revierwasseranstalt Freiberg has been selected as a candidate for the future UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Ore Mountain Mining Region (Montanregion Erzgebirge).

Kunstgraben
A Kunstgraben is a type of man-made water channel that was once used by mines to drive the water wheels needed for power, mine drainage and a host of other purposes. The term is German (plural: Kunstgräben). Similar ditches supplying water mills in England are called leats.
Cuisine of Philadelphia
The cuisine of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, was shaped largely by the city's mixture of ethnicities, available foodstuffs and history. Certain foods have become associated with the city.

Invented in Philadelphia in the 1930s, the cheesesteak is the most well known, and soft pretzels have long been a major part of Philadelphia culture.

The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the creation of two Philadelphia landmarks offering an array of food options, the Reading Terminal Market and the Italian Market. After a dismal restaurant scene during the post-war era of the 20th century, the 1970s brought a restaurant renaissance that has continued into the 21st century.

Many foods and drinks associated with Philadelphia can also commonly be linked with Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine and Italian-American cuisine.

Tavern
A tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging. An inn is a tavern that has a licence to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub.

Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses.
Portland and Ogdensburg Railway
The Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad was a railroad planned to connect Portland, Maine to Ogdensburg, New York. The plan failed, and in 1880 the Vermont section was reorganized and leased by the Boston & Lowell Railroad. In 1886, the Maine and New Hampshire section was reorganized as the Portland & Ogdensburg Railway. That part was leased to the Maine Central Railroad in 1888, and in 1912 the Maine Central leased the eastern part of the Vermont section from the Boston & Maine Railroad, the successor to the B&L.

St. Johnsbury, Vermont
St. Johnsbury (known locally as "St. J") is the shire town (county seat) of Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,364. St. Johnsbury is situated on the Passumpsic River and is located approximately six miles northwest of the Connecticut River and 48 miles (77 km) south of the Canada–U.S. border.

St. Johnsbury is the largest town by population in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont and has long served as a commercial center for the region. The more densely settled southern one-third of the town is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the St. Johnsbury census-designated place, where over 81% of the population resides.
Meinersen
Meinersen is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated between the rivers Oker and Aller, approx. 12 km west of Gifhorn, and 25 km southeast of Celle. The Municipality Meinersen includes the villages of Ahnsen, Böckelse, Hardesse, Höfen, Hünenberg, Meinersen, Ohof, Päse, Seershausen, Siedersdamm and Warmse.

The lutheran church

Old court

Old water mill

Meinersen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Meinersen ("collective municipality"), which consists of the following municipalities:

Hillerse

Leiferde

Meinersen

Müden (Aller)

Meinersen (Samtgemeinde)
Samtgemeinde Meinersen is a Samtgemeinde in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 8 km (5 mi) southwest of Gifhorn. 20,311 citizens are living in the Samtgemeinde Meinersen (2020).
Maureen Duffy
Maureen Patricia Duffy (born 21 October 1933) is an English poet, playwright, novelist and non-fiction author. Long an activist covering such issues as gay rights and animal rights, she campaigns especially on behalf of authors. She has received the Benson Medal from the Royal Society of Literature for her lifelong writings. In 2025, she was announced as the inaugural winner of the RSL Pioneer Prize, founded by Bernardine Evaristo, to be awarded to a different woman writer aged over 60 every year for ten years.

Arnold Wesker
Sir Arnold Wesker FRSL (24 May 1932 – 12 April 2016) was an English dramatist. He was the author of 50 plays, four volumes of short stories, two volumes of essays, much journalism and a book on the subject, a children's book, some poetry, and other assorted writings. His plays have been translated into 20 languages, and performed worldwide.