hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volgograd constituency
The Volgograd constituency (No.81) is a Russian legislative constituency in Volgograd Oblast. The constituency covers part of northern Volgograd and stretches to north-central Volgograd Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Aleksey Volotskov, former Member of Volgograd Oblast Duma and businessman, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Anna Kuvychko.

Volgograd Oblast Duma
The Volgograd Oblast Duma (Russian: Волгоградская областная дума, romanized: Volgogradskaya oblastnaya duma) is the regional parliament of Volgograd Oblast, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 38 deputies are elected for five-year terms.
MTV Asia Awards 2005
The MTV Asia Awards 2005 (rebranded as MTV Asia Aid 2005) took place in Bangkok, Thailand on February 3, 2005. The event was held at the Impact Arena and was hosted by Alicia Keys. The ceremony was renamed as MTV Asia Aid 2005 in commemoration of the 2004 tsunami that took place several weeks before, UNICEF was the primary recipient of funds raised by the event. Good Charlotte, Kelly Clarkson, Hoobastank, Simple Plan, and Alicia Keys are among those who perform.

Nominees in each category are listed alphabetically, winners are bolded.

MTV Asia Awards
The MTV Asia Awards was the Asian equivalent of the European MTV EMA. Held from 2002 to 2008, the show gave recognition and awards to Asian and international artists in achievement, cinema, fashion, humanitarian, and music. Just like the EMAs, most of the awards were voted by viewers from the Asian region.

The trophy design was a gold toblerone-like bar. The twin prism shape represents the letter M and double A, the acronyms for MTV Asia Awards.

The show was absent in 2007 and was discontinued after 2008.
Talisay, Negros Occidental
Talisay, officially the City of Talisay (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Talisay; Filipino: Lungsod ng Talisay), is a  component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 109,204 people.

The city is often confused with another Visayas city also named Talisay, which is a component city in the neighboring province of Cebu.

Talisay, Cebu
Talisay, officially the City of Talisay (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Talisay; Filipino: Lungsod ng Talisay), is a  component city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 263,832 people, making it the most populous component city in Visayas. The city is applying for a Highly Urbanized City (HUC) status.

The city's name is taken from the talisay tree which is abundant in the area.
St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church (Manychskaya)
The Church of Saint Paraskeva Pyatnitsa (Russian: Церковь Параскевы Пятницы; also known as Military Cossack Cathedral, Russian: Войсковой казачий собор) is a Russian Orthodox church in Manychskaya village, Bagayevsky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. It belongs to the Diocese of Shakhty of Russian Orthodox Church. It was built in 1904 on the project of architect Ilya Zlobin. It is also officially declared as an object of cultural heritage of Russia.

Paraskevi of Iconium
Saint Paraskevi of Iconium (also known as Paraskeva Pyatnitsa) and in Bulgaria (Sveta Petka Samardjiyska - lit. "Saint Petka of the Saddlemakers") is venerated as a Christian virgin martyr. According to Christian tradition, she was born to a rich family of Iconium.  Her parents were Christian, and Paraskevi was named as such (the name means "Friday" in Greek) because she was baptized on a Friday, the day of Christ's Passion.
Clinical study design
Clinical study design is the formulation of clinical trials and other experiments, as well as observational studies, in medical research involving human beings and involving clinical aspects, including  epidemiology . It is the design of experiments as applied to these fields. The goal of a clinical study is to assess the safety, efficacy, and / or the mechanism of action of an investigational medicinal product (IMP) or procedure, or new drug or device that is in development, but potentially not yet approved by a health authority (e.g. Food and Drug Administration). It can also be to investigate a drug, device or procedure that has already been approved but is still in need of further investigation, typically with respect to long-term effects or cost-effectiveness.

Some of the considerations here are shared under the more general topic of design of experiments but there can be others, in particular related to patient confidentiality and medical ethics.

Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology  and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.
Linear transformer driver
A linear transformer driver (LTD) within physics and energy, is an annular parallel connection of switches and capacitors. The driver is designed to deliver rapid high power pulses. The LTD was invented at the Institute of High Current Electronics (IHCE) in Tomsk, Russia. The LTD is capable of producing high-current high-voltage pulses of up to 1 mega amps (106 ampere) with a rise time of less than 100 ns. This is an improvement over Marx generator based pulsed power devices which require pulse compression to achieve such fast risetimes. It is being considered as a driver for z-pinch based inertial confinement fusion.

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
Annur taluk
Annur taluk is a taluk in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, associated with the town of Annur. It was carved out of the Coimbatore-North taluk in 2012. The taluk is spread over an area of 388.53 square kilometres (150.01 sq mi) and had a population of 1,73,712 in 2011.

Coimbatore-North taluk
Coimbatore (North) taluk is a taluk of Coimbatore City of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. On 9 May 2012, Government of Tamil Nadu announced that it will bifurcate Coimbatore North Taluk to create the new Annur Taluk.
To Build a Home
"To Build a Home" is a song by English electronic music group the Cinematic Orchestra, with vocals and piano performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Patrick Watson. It was released as the second single from the group's third studio album, Ma Fleur (2007), on 29 October 2007.

The song's music video was a short narrative film that also included the song "Breathe" and ran to over 12 minutes. Shot on location in Cumbria, the video was premiered on Channel 4, featuring the actors Peter Mullan and Julia Ford, and directed by animator Andrew Griffin.

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
Uccellina Mountains
The Uccellina Mountains (Italian: Monti dell'Uccellina) are a group of hills located in the Maremma Regional Park, province of Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy.These mountains divide the Ombrone plain in the north from the Albegna plain in the south.

The territory is included into the municipalities of Grosseto, Magliano in Toscana and Orbetello.

The Uccellina mountains are home to many wild animals such as wild boars, deer, fallow deer, red foxes, porcupines, turtles(Caretta caretta, Testudo hermanni and Emys orbicularis), and many species of rare Italian birds. The flora are composed of numerous species, including endemics.

Orbetello
Orbetello is a town and comune in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Grosseto, on the Lagoon of Orbetello, which is home to an important Natural Reserve.
2019 Chicago Marathon
The 2019 Chicago Marathon was the 42nd annual running of the Chicago Marathon held in Chicago, Illinois, United States on October 13, 2019. The men's race was won by Kenyan Lawrence Cherono in 2:05:45 while the women's was won by Kenyan Brigid Kosgei in 2:14:04, a world record by 81 seconds. The men's and women's wheelchair races were won by Daniel Romanchuk and Manuela Schär in 1:30:26 and 1:41:08, respectively. More than 45,000 runners completed the race.

2018 Chicago Marathon
The 2018 Chicago Marathon was the 41st edition of the Chicago Marathon, an annual marathon race that is held in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The race took place on the morning of October 7, 2018 in wet conditions, with a total of 44,584 runners completing. Britain's Mo Farah won the men's race, having gapped second placed Mosinet Geremew towards the end of the race, to take his only World Marathon Major win, in a European record time of 2:05:11. The women's race was won by Kenya's Brigid Kosgei in a personal best time of 2:18:35, nearly three minutes ahead of the next finisher. The men's wheelchair races came down to a sprint finish, which was won by Daniel Romanchuk, with Marcel Hug a second behind, while the women's race was won by Manuela Schär.
Limington Historic District
The Limington Historic District encompasses the historic village center of the rural community of Limington, Maine.  Centered at the junction of Maine State Routes 11 and 117, the district includes 24 buildings erected between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Limington, Maine
Limington is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,892 at the 2020 census. Limington is a tourist destination with historic architecture. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.
Supranational Venezuela 2021
Supranational Venezuela 2021 was the second Supranational Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Globovisión Studios in Caracas, Venezuela on May 27 22, 2021.

At the end of the event, Gabriela de la Cruz of Carabobo crowned her successor Valentina Sánchez of Nueva Esparta as Miss Supranational Venezuela 2021. She represented Venezuela at the Miss Supranational 2021 pageant placing as 3rd runner-up.

Also, Leonardo Carrero of Mérida titled his successor William Badell of Zulia as Mister Supranational Venezuela 2021. He represented Venezuela at the Mister Supranational 2021 pageant placing as 2nd runner-up.

Supranational Venezuela
Supranational Venezuela is an annual female and male beauty pageant held in Venezuela since 2019. The winners from the contest go on to represent Venezuela in Miss and Mister Supranational pageants respectively.

It is held annually and evaluates the overall beauty, intelligence, confidence, elegance, and poise of the contestants for the title.

The current pageant titleholders are Leix Collins and Víctor Battista of Distrito Capital, who were both elected on March 29, 2025 at the Globovisión Studios in Caracas, as part of the Reinas y Reyes de Venezuela 2025 season.
2009–10 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team
The 2009–10 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of Memphis in the 2009–10 college basketball season, the 89th season of Tiger basketball. The Tigers were coached by first-year head coach Josh Pastner, played their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee and are members of Conference USA. They finished the season 24–10, 13–3 in C-USA play. They were the 2 seed in the 2010 Conference USA men's basketball tournament where they were upset by 7 seed and eventual champion Houston. They failed to be invited to the NCAA tournament for the first time since 2005. Instead, the Tigers were invited to the 2010 National Invitation Tournament where they advanced to the second round before losing to the Ole Miss Rebels.

Josh Pastner
Joshua Paul Pastner (born September 26, 1977) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the men's basketball head coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Pastner was a player on the 1997 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball national championship team, and an assistant coach at the University of Arizona under Lute Olson and at the University of Memphis under John Calipari. He was named the 2013 Sporting News Conference USA Coach of the Year, and the 2017 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Coach of the Year.
Wood Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Wood Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Benson County, North Dakota.  It is managed under Devils Lake Wetland Management District.

This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access although wildlife may be observed from adjacent public roads. Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.

Devils Lake Wetland Management District
Devils Lake Wetland Management District is located in the heart of the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States. The District was established in 1962 to purchase and protect wetland habitat for migratory waterfowl and other wildlife in northeastern North Dakota. One of the primary objectives of Devils Lake Wetland Management District is to provide wetland and grassland habitat for waterfowl in the spring and summer for nesting and feeding. The other primary objective is to provide migration habitat for waterfowl in the spring and fall.

The District's headquarters is in Devils Lake, North Dakota. Counties within the District include Benson, Cavalier, Grand Forks, Pembina, Ramsey, Towner and Walsh.

The District manages 209 waterfowl production areas totaling 48,066 acres (194.52 km2), 154,957 acres of wetland easements, 3,740 acres (15.1 km2) of grassland easements, and 18,666 acres (75.54 km2) of easement refuges.
Juan Gilberto Funes
Juan Gilberto Funes Baldovino (8 March 1963 – 11 January 1992), nicknamed "El Búfalo" (The Buffalo), was an Argentine professional footballer who played as a striker, known for his physical style of play.

Liga DIMAYOR
The Liga DIMAYOR, commonly referred to as Liga BetPlay Dimayor due to sponsorship by online betting company BetPlay, is a professional association football league in Colombia and the highest level of the Colombian football league system.

A total of twenty clubs compete in the league's regular season. División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano, better known as DIMAYOR, organizes the competition and operates the league system of promotion and relegation for both Liga DIMAYOR and Torneo DIMAYOR leagues. Since its foundation in 1948, sixteen teams have been crowned as Colombian football champions. The most successful club is Atlético Nacional with 18 titles. The league was ranked as the 11th strongest national league in the world at the end of 2023 by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics.
Dan Sultan
Daniel Leo Sultan is an Australian alternative rock singer-songwriter and guitarist, actor and author. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010 he won Best Male Artist and Best Blues & Roots Album for his second album, Get Out While You Can (November 2009). At the 2014 ceremony he won Best Rock Album for Blackbird (April 2014), which had reached number four on the ARIA Albums Chart. In 2017, Sultan's record Killer was nominated for three ARIA awards: Best Male Artist, Best Rock Album, and Best Independent Release. Sultan's debut children's music album Nali & Friends was named Best Children's Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 2019.

Deadly Awards
The Deadly Awards, formally titled National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Music, Sport, Arts and Community Awards and commonly known simply as The Deadlys, was an annual celebration of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander achievement in music, sport, entertainment and community. The event was hosted by Vibe Australia, founded by Gavin Jones in 1993, and was held from 1995 to 2013, when government funding was cut.

The Dreamtime Awards are a successor in recognising Indigenous achievements.
Language politics
Language politics is the way language and linguistic differences between peoples are dealt with in the political arena. This could manifest as government recognition, as well as how language is treated in official capacities.

The topic covers many related issues. As such, this page serves as a central resource for multiple articles relating to the topic of language and politics. Below are some categories dealing with the overlap between language and politics, along with examples and links to other relevant pages.

Robert Phillipson
Robert Henry Lawrence Phillipson (born 18 March 1942 in Gourock, Scotland) is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Management, Society and Communication at Copenhagen Business School in Denmark. He is best known for his seminal work on linguistic imperialism and language policy in Europe.
38th PMPC Star Awards for Movies
The 38th PMPC Star Awards for Movies by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC), honored the best Filipino films of 2021. The ceremony took place on July 23, 2023 in Centennial Hall of Manila Hotel, Manila City.

The PMPC Star Awards for Movies was hosted by Claudine Barretto, Sunshine Cruz, Christian Bautista and Alfred Vargas. On the Job: The Missing 8 won the top awards including Movie of the Year, Movie Ensemble Acting of the Year and Movie Director of the Year, while Katips won for Indie Movie of the Year, Indie Movie Ensemble Acting of the Year and Indie Movie Director of the Year.

PMPC Star Awards for Movies
PMPC Star Awards for Movies is an annual awarding ceremony recognizing outstanding films in the Philippines. It is organized by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC), founded in 1985. It is considered as Philippines counterpart of Hollywood's Golden Globe Awards.
2024 Men's T20 World Cup Africa Sub-regional Qualifier A
The 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Sub-regional Qualifier A was a cricket tournament that forms part of the qualification process for the 2026 Men's T20 World Cup. It was hosted by Tanzania in September 2024.

Tanzania and Malawi finished as the top two sides in the tournament and advanced to the regional final, where they will be joined by Namibia and Uganda, who were given a bye after having participated in the previous T20 World Cup, and four other teams from sub-regional qualifiers B and C.

2025 Men's T20 World Cup Africa Regional Final
The 2025 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Regional Final was a cricket tournament that formed part of the qualification process for the 2026 Men's T20 World Cup. It was played in Zimbabwe from 26 September to 4 October 2025.

The top two sides in the tournament join South Africa in the 2026 T20 World Cup who had pre-qualified as one of the top eight teams from the previous edition. Namibia and Zimbabwe secured their places at the 2026 T20 World Cup.
Kirk Michael railway station
Kirk Michael Railway Station (Manx: Stashoon Raad Yiarn Valley Keeill Vaayl) was an intermediate station on the Manx Northern Railway (MNR), which ran between St. John's and Ramsey in the Isle of Man, later owned and operated by the Isle of Man Railway. It served the village of Kirk Michael.

Kirk Michael
Kirk Michael (Manx: Skylley Maayl) is a village and the principal settlement in the parish of Michael, Isle of Man. It is an agricultural village near the west coast, situated along the A3, 7 miles northeast of Peel on the way to Ballaugh.
SERN
In rocketry, a SERN, which stands for single expansion ramp nozzle, is a type of physical linear expansion nozzle where the gas pressure transfers work only on one side.  Traditional nozzles are axially symmetric, and therefore surround the expanding gas.  Linear nozzles are not axially symmetric, but consist of a 2D configuration of two expansion ramps.  A SERN could also be seen as a single sided aerospike engine.

Many designs for space planes with scramjet engines make use of SERNs because of the weight reduction at large expansion ratios, or the additional lift at under-expansion.  The X-43, a test vehicle in NASA's Hyper-X programme, is a flying example.

One of the practical problems with the use of SERNs is the fact that they produce a pitching moment depending on the throttling of the engine, thereby requiring more control authority of the elevators, more complex control systems, etc.

Aerospike engine
The aerospike engine is a type of rocket engine that maintains its aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of altitudes. It belongs to the class of altitude compensating nozzle engines. Aerospike engines were proposed for many single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. They were a contender for the Space Shuttle main engine. However, as of early 2026 no such engine was in commercial production, although some large-scale aerospikes were in testing phases.

The term aerospike was originally used for a truncated plug nozzle with a rough conical taper and some gas injection, forming an "air spike" to help make up for the absence of the plug tail. However, a full-length plug nozzle may also be called an aerospike.
Arua Hill S.C.
Arua Hill Sports Club is a Ugandan football club based in Arua. Previously branded as (Aziz Damani) Doves All Stars FC, Arua Hill SC got promoted to the 2022 Ugandan Premier League after topping their Elgon Group in the 2021 FUFA Big League. It was the club's sixth attempt to reach top flight football. Having bought 100 percent shares in Doves, Joel Aita became the new owner of the club during 2020 but was replaced as Chairman by Hassan Mugerwa Takoowa as their 2024 season ended halfway. Brendah Nyamwiza became CEO after Pius Bamwange.

FUFA Big League
The Federation of Uganda Football Associations Big League, known simply as the Big League and for sponsorship purposes as the BetPawa Big League, is a professional association football league in Uganda. Contested by 16 clubs, it is the second-highest overall in the Ugandan football league system, sitting below the Uganda Premier League.

Each season, the two top-finishing teams in the Big League are automatically promoted to the Uganda Premier League. The team that finish the season in third place enter a play-off, with the winner also gaining promotion to the Uganda Premier League. The four lowest-finishing teams in the Big League are relegated to Regional Leagues.