hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashutosh Bhattacharya
Ashutosh Bhattacharya (17 March 1917 – 8 February 2004) was a noted Indian classical musician of Hindustani classical music from Varanasi, who was a tabla player and music educator, as well as a practicing Ayurvedic doctor.

In 1966, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama.

Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
The Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, also known as Akademi Ratna Sadasyata, is an Indian honour for the performing arts presented by Sangeet Natak Akademi. It is "the most prestigious and rare honour" conferred by the Akademi and is "restricted to 40 individuals at any given time".
Battle of Medina Ridge
The Battle of Medina Ridge was a tank battle fought on February 27, 1991, during the Gulf War, between the U.S. 1st Armored Division and the 2nd Brigade of the Iraqi Republican Guard's Medina Luminous Division outside Basra, Iraq. The U.S. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, another major contributor, led the attack. Iraq's Motorized Division also participated. Medina Ridge is the name American troops gave to an approximately seven miles (11 km) long low rise.

The battle was fought for over two hours, making it the largest tank battle of the Gulf War. The battle took place west of phase line Kiwi, east of phase line Smash, and north of phase line Grape. Phase lines are map references occurring every few kilometers used to measure progress of an offensive operation.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
Khirbet Tibnah
Khirbet Tibnah (also Tibneh) is a tell (archaeological mound) located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the West Bank, between the villages Deir Nidham and Nabi Salih. It was inhabited from the Early Bronze Age to the Ottoman period.

Khirbet Tibnah is identified with the ancient town of Thamna. The site was excavated in the 20th century by Yitzhak Magen but the work is unpublished. Further investigations were carried out in the 2010s and 2020s.

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
31°55′59″N 35°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.933°N 35.205°E﻿ / 31.933; 35.205

The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة رام الله والبيرة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Rām Allāh wa l Bīra) is one of 16  governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or muhfaza (seat) is the city of al-Bireh.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the district had a population of 279,730 in 2007. Laila Ghannam serves as governor, the first woman in this role.
Seven Sisters Provincial Park and Protected Area
Seven Sisters Provincial Park and Protected Area is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, protecting part of the Howson Range between Hazelton and Terrace and comprising approximately 27,200 hectares.

Terrace, British Columbia
Terrace is a city in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. This regional hub lies east of the confluence of the Kitsumkalum River into the Skeena River. On BC Highway 16, junctions branch northward for the Nisga'a Highway (BC Highway 113) to the west and southward for the Stewart–Cassiar Highway (BC Highway 37) to the east. The locality is by road about 204 km (127 mi) southwest of Smithers and 144 km (89 mi) east of Prince Rupert. Transportation links are the Northwest Regional Airport Terrace-Kitimat, a passenger train, and bus services.
Walt Disney's Carolwood Barn
Walt Disney's Carolwood Barn is a museum located within the Los Angeles Live Steamers Railroad Museum (LALSRM) complex on the northern side of Griffith Park in Los Angeles, California. The barn, which was originally located in the backyard of Walt Disney's Holmby Hills home, features artifacts and displays related to Disney and his lifelong fascination with trains. The barn and surrounding exhibits are open to the public the third Sunday of each month, free of charge.

Griffith Park
Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, ranging from the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California to the San Fernando Valley. The park includes popular attractions such as the Los Angeles Zoo, the Autry Museum of the American West, the Griffith Observatory, and the Hollywood Sign. Due to its appearance in many films, the park is among the most famous municipal parks in North America.

It has been compared to Central Park in New York City and Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks. The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014. The park covers 4,310 acres (1,740 ha) of land, making it "the largest municipal park with urban wilderness area in the United States."
Special routes of U.S. Route 79
A total of twelve special routes of U.S. Route 79 exist, divided between the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Texas. Currently, they are all business routes, except for one bypass of Humboldt, Tennessee, and one bypass of Homer, Louisiana.

Columbia County, Arkansas
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,801. The county seat is Magnolia. The county was formed on December 17, 1852, and was named for Christopher Columbus. The Magnolia, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Columbia County.

Columbia County is home to Southern Arkansas University, which dominates the economic and cultural landscape of the county.
Miss Universe Malaysia 2012
Miss Universe Malaysia 2012, the 46th edition of the Miss Universe Malaysia, was held on 10 November 2012 at Sunway Pyramid Convention Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Kimberley Leggett of Penang was crowned by the outgoing titleholder, Deborah Priya Henry of Kuala Lumpur at the end of the event. She then represented Malaysia at the Miss Universe 2006 pageant in Las Vegas, United States.

Miss Universe 2012
Miss Universe 2012 was the 61st Miss Universe pageant, held at the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on December 19, 2012.

At the conclusion of the event, the pageant was won by Olivia Culpo of the United States, who was crowned by Leila Lopes of Angola. It was the United States' first win in fifteen years, and its eighth win at the pageant.

There were contestants from eighty-nine countries and territories, three more than the previous year. It was hosted by Andy Cohen and Giuliana Rancic, with Jeannie Mai as backstage correspondent. American rock band Train and Australian musician Tim Omaji performed in this year's pageant.
Rongmuda Township, Sichuan
Rongmuda (Mandarin: 茸木达乡) is a township in Zamthang County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. In 2010, Rongmuda Township had a total population of 1,970: 971 males and 999 females: 527 aged under 14, 1,270 aged between 15 and 65 and 173 aged over 65.

Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, also known as Aba (Tibetan: རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་དང་ཆང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ།, Wylie: rnga ba bod rigs cha'ang rigs rang skyong khul; Qiang: Rrmeabba Shbea Rrmea Nyujwju Gvexueaj Legea; simplified Chinese: 阿坝藏族羌族自治州; traditional Chinese: 阿壩藏族羌族自治州), is an autonomous prefecture of northwestern Sichuan, bordering Gansu to the north and northeast and Qinghai to the northwest. Its seat is in Barkam, and it has an area of 83,201 km2 (32,124 sq mi). The population was 895,200 by 2022.

The county of Wenchuan in Ngawa is the site of the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, in which over 20,000 of its residents died and 40,000 were injured.
Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)
Satya Pal Singh (born 29 November 1955) is an Indian politician and a retired Indian Police Service officer of 1980 batch of Maharashtra cadre who is currently serving as member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He previously served as Minister of State for Human Resource Development responsible for Higher Education and Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation. He is a Member of Parliament (MP) since 2014, representing Baghpat constituency, Uttar Pradesh in the 16th Lok Sabha and then retaining his seat in 2019 elections.

He formerly served as the Police Commissioner of Mumbai. He is also Chancellor of Gurukul Kangri University. His daughter, Charu Pragya is a spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janta Yuva Morcha (BJYM).

Commissioner of the Greater Mumbai Police
The Police Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Mumbai Police, and an officer of the Indian Police Service. The Mumbai Police Commissioner is appointed by the Maharashtra State Government on the recommendation by the Establishment Board, which includes Additional Chief Secretary—Home department and other senior bureaucrats.

The first commissioner was Frank Souter, who was appointed in 1864.

The headquarters are opposite Crawford Market in South Mumbai.
Union Village Historic District (Manchester, Connecticut)
The Union Village Historic District encompasses the core of a historic 19th-century residential mill village in Manchester, Connecticut.  Radiating north and west from the junction of Union Street and North Main Street, the area was developed in the first half of the 19th century has a company town, but evolved into a mixed working-class community in the 20th century.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 59,713. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 36,379 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.
Virus latency
Virus latency (or viral latency) is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant (latent) within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral life cycle.  A latent viral infection is a type of persistent viral infection which is distinguished from a chronic viral infection. Latency is the phase in certain viruses' life cycles in which, after initial infection, proliferation of virus particles ceases. However, the viral genome is not eradicated.  The virus can reactivate and begin producing large amounts of viral progeny (the lytic part of the viral life cycle) without the host becoming reinfected by new outside virus, and stays within the host indefinitely.

Virus latency is not to be confused with clinical latency during the incubation period when a virus is not dormant.

Viral life cycle
Viruses are only able to replicate themselves by commandeering the reproductive apparatus of cells and making them reproduce the virus's genetic structure and particles instead. How viruses do this depends mainly on the type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA they contain, which is either one or the other but never both. Viruses cannot function or reproduce outside a cell, and are totally dependent on a host cell to survive. Most viruses are species specific, and related viruses typically only infect a narrow range of plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.
Jerejak Island
Jerejak Island is a 3.62 km2 (362 ha) islet off the eastern coast of Penang Island in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is also a short ferry ride from Bayan Lepas, a suburb of George Town. It was formerly the main leper asylum for the Straits Settlements (1868), a Quarantine Station (1875) and a penal colony (1969).

Penang Island
Penang Island is the main constituent island of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Malacca Strait, with the Penang Strait separating the island from Seberang Perai on the mainland. The 295 km2 (114 sq mi) island makes up approximately 28% of Penang's total land mass and is home to about 45% of the state's population as of 2020. The entire island falls under the city of George Town, which also administers the surrounding islets.
Rabbit Island, Falkland Islands
Rabbit Island is one of the Falkland Islands in the Hummock Island group. It is near West Falkland, to its west, at the mouth of King George Bay. With a land area of 0.69 square miles (1.78 km2)  it is the second largest of the three main islands in the bay, lying 2.8 miles (4.5 km) west of  Hummock Island and Middle Island. It is east of the Passage Islands and south east of Split Island.

On three sides the island is roughly rectangular, but there is a long promontory extending to the south-east. The island has very steep slopes up to 61 metres (200 ft) to the north and west, but it slopes gently to the east. The highest points are about 91 metres (299 ft). It was heavily grazed by sheep in the past and there is an old shanty in the valley. Rats have been confirmed on the island.

Passage Islands
The Passage Islands (Spanish: Islas del Pasaje) are a group of four islands in the Falkland Islands of the South Atlantic Ocean.  They lie off Dunnose Head, West Falkland, at the mouth of King George Bay.
Rafi Eitan
Rafael Eitan (Hebrew: רפי איתן; 23 November 1926 – 23 March 2019) was an Israeli politician and intelligence officer. He also led Gil and served as Minister of Senior Citizens. He was in charge of the Mossad operation that led to the arrest of Adolf Eichmann. He served as an advisor on terrorism to Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and in 1981 he was appointed to head the Bureau of Scientific Relations, then an intelligence entity on par with Mossad, Aman and Shabak. Eitan assumed responsibility for and resigned over the Jonathan Pollard affair, and the Bureau was disbanded. He was subject to an arrest warrant issued by the United States FBI. From 1985 until 1993, he was head of the government's Chemicals company, which was expanded under his leadership. After 1993, he became a businessman, noted for several large scale agricultural and construction ventures in Cuba. He was the chairman of the Vetek (Seniority) Association – the Senior Citizens Movement.

Ministry for Social Equality
The Ministry for Social Equality for Israel (Hebrew: המשרד לשוויון חברתי), until August 2015 called the Ministry for Senior Citizens (Hebrew: המשרד לאזרחים ותיקים, Misrad LeAzrahim Vatikim), is a government ministry in Israel. The ministerial post was created following the coalition agreement between Kadima and Gil (the Pensioners' Party) after the 2006 elections, although the ministry itself was not formed until a vote of approval by the Knesset on 25 July 2007.
Caroline Afonso
Caroline Afonso (born 20 February 1985) is a retired French professional golfer who played on the Ladies European Tour (LET) 2008–2016. She was runner-up twice on the LET and won three LET Access Series events. She is of Portuguese descent.

Bossey Ladies Championship
The Bossey Ladies Championship was a women's professional golf tournament played as part of the LET Access Series, held between 2017 and 2019 in Bossey, France.

The tournament was part of a series of tournaments that served as the third stop in France on the LETAS schedule, after the Terre Blanche Ladies Open (the season opener since 2010) and Dinard Ladies Open (held 2010–2015). It was first played at Golf de La Nivelle in Saint-Jean-de-Luz near the Spanish border and San Sebastián, before moving to Golf de Fourqueux near Paris. In 2014, it moved to Strasbourg, and the last three installments were held at Association du Golf & Country Club de Bossey on the Swiss border, near Geneva.
Echis pyramidum
Echis pyramidum, known as the Northeast African carpet viper, Egyptian saw-scaled viper, and by other common names, is a species of viper endemic to Northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.

This species, along with the closely related Echis ocellatus (both of the Carpet viper species) cause the most cases of snakebite deaths in the world. Two antivenoms are available to counteract snakebites from this species: Polyvalent Anti-viper Venom by VACSERA in Egypt and SAIMR Echis antivenom by South African Vaccine Producers.

Viperinae
Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera are recognized. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, Vipera berus, even occurs within the Arctic Circle. Like all vipers, they are venomous.

The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "Old World vipers", and "true adders" all refer to this group.
Tommy Ton
Tommy Ton (born 9 March 1984) is a Canadian photographer known for his fashion blog Jak & Jil, and his street style coverage of fashion weeks on Style.com and GQ.com. His favorite subjects are fashion editors, the likes of Carine Roitfeld, and Anna Dello Russo.

Street style
Street style is fashion that is considered to have emerged not from studios, but from the population at large. Street fashion is generally associated with youth culture, and is most often seen in major urban centers. Magazines and newspapers commonly feature candid photographs of individuals wearing urban, stylish clothing. Mainstream fashion often appropriates street fashion trends as influences. Most major youth subcultures have had an associated street fashion. Street style is different all around the globe.
Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay
The women's 4 × 100 metres relay was the only women's relay on the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo. It was held on 20 October and 21 October 1964. 15 teams, for a total of 60 athletes, from 15 nations competed. The first round was held on 20 October with the final on 21 October. The world record time of the Polish team was erased in 1969, after Ewa Klobukowska failed a gendertest in Kiev, but their gold medal result was allowed to stand.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics
At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, the athletics competition included 36 events, 24 for men and 12 for women.  The women's 400 metres and women's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games. There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries.
Lyons Hill
Lyons Hill or Lyons (Irish: Liamhain) is a townland and restored village in County Kildare. At a time when canal passenger boats travelled at 3 mph (4.8 km/h), Lyons was the nearest overnight stop to Dublin on the Grand Canal. On the hilltop is a trigonometrical point used by Ireland's Ordnance Survey. The name derives from the Irish language name for an elm tree, Liamhan.

Kingdom of Dublin
The Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin) was a Norse kingdom in Ireland that lasted from roughly 853 AD to 1170 AD. It was the first and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in Ireland, founded by Vikings who invaded the territory around Dublin in the 9th century. Its territory corresponded to most of present-day County Dublin.
Clague Garden Estate
Clague Garden Estate (Chinese: 祈德尊新邨) is a Flat-for-Sale Scheme public housing estate in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong located on reclaimed land near Tsuen Wan Pier and MTR Tsuen Wan West station. It now consists of three residential buildings, built in 1989 by Hong Kong Housing Society. It offers 552 flats for rent and 926 under the Flat-for-Sale Scheme. Many early residents were resettled from the Four Seasons Estate, a nearby public housing estate that was demolished in 1990.

Tsuen Wan
Tsuen Wan (formerly also spelled Tsun Wan) is a town built on a bay in the western New Territories of Hong Kong, opposite Tsing Yi Island across Rambler Channel. The market town of Tsuen Wan emerged from the surrounding villages and fleets of fishing boats in the area. The modern city is centered the Tsuen Wan station of the MTR. Its coastline was further extended through land reclamation.
Römerberg (Frankfurt)
Römerberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁøːmɐbɛʁk]; also spelled as Roemerberg, lit. 'Roman Mountain') is a public space in Frankfurt, Germany. It is located in front of the Römer building complex, seat of the Frankfurt city administration since the 15th century. As the site of numerous imperial coronations, trade fairs and Christmas markets, the square is the historic heart of the medieval Altstadt (old town) and a popular tourist destination.

Paulsplatz, another historic square, is to the north. The Old St Nicholas Church and Historical Museum are to the south. Beyond that is the Mainkai, a promenade by the River Main. On the west side of the square is the reconstructed Römer medieval building. To the east is the Dom-Römer Project, and beyond that is Frankfurt Cathedral.

Römerberg is a major location for the outdoor Frankfurt Christmas Market.

It was the site of a Nazi book burning in 1933.

Frankfurt Cathedral
Frankfurt Cathedral (German: Frankfurter Dom), officially Imperial Dome of Saint Bartholomew (German: Kaiserdom Sankt Bartholomäus), is a Roman Catholic Gothic church located in the heart of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew.

It is the largest religious building in the city and a former collegiate church. Despite its common English name, it has never been an actual cathedral (episcopal see). Still, it is called the Kaiserdom (an "imperial great church" or imperial cathedral) or simply the Dom due to its importance as former election and coronation church of the Holy Roman Empire. As one of the significant buildings of the Empire's history, it was a symbol of national unity, especially in the 19th century.
Caladenia javanica
Caladenia javanica is a species of plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to Indonesia. It has a single linear leaf and an erect, hairy stem with one or two flowers. The sepals and petals are lance-shaped to oblong and the labellum has purple lines and yellow calli. This orchid grows on grassy, rocky slopes. It was first formally described by Henry Ridley from an unpublished manuscript by John Bennett and the description was published in Henry Forbes's book, A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago. Plants of the World Online lists Caladenia javanica as a synonym of Caladenia catenata.

Caladenia catenata
Caladenia catenata, commonly known as white caladenia, white fingers and lady's fingers, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two white, sometimes pink flowers on a thin, sparsely-hairy stem. It is similar to Caladenia carnea but lacks the red and white bars on the labellum of that species.