hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of medical regulation in the United Kingdom
Medical regulation ensures that medicine is only practised by qualified and suitable people and can be used to prevent competition and increase financial compensation.: 34  The history of regulating doctors in the UK dates back around 600 years. The earliest licensing procedures were administered by the Church, with professional associations and universities also playing a role. Modern regulation of doctors is carried out by the General Medical Council.

General Medical Council
The General Medical Council (GMC) is a public body that maintains the official register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom. Its chief responsibility is to "protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public" by controlling entry to the register, and suspending or removing members when necessary. It also sets the standards for medical schools in the UK. Membership of the register confers substantial privileges under Part VI of the Medical Act 1983. It is a criminal offence to make a false claim of membership. The GMC is supported by fees paid by its members, and it became a registered charity in 2001.
Paul Rogers (actor)
Paul Rogers (22 March 1917 – 6 October 2013) was an English actor of film, stage and television. He was the first winner of the BAFTA TV Award Best Actor in 1955 and won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play for The Homecoming in 1967.

British Academy Television Award for Best Actor
This is a list of the British Academy Television Awards for Best Actor. The Best Actor award was initially given as an "individual honour", without credit to a particular performance, until 1962, when Rupert Davies won for his performance in Maigret.

Since 1970, nominees have been announced in addition to the winner. The Actor category was split into Leading Actor and Supporting Actor starting in 2010.

Michael Gambon holds the record of most wins in this category with four, including three consecutive wins, followed by Robbie Coltrane with three, all of them also being consecutive. Additionally, Alan Badel, Peter Barkworth, Sean Bean, Alec Guinness, Mark Rylance, John Thaw, and Ben Whishaw, all have received the award twice. Benedict Cumberbatch has received the most nominations for this award with six, followed by Coltrane with five.
History of American comics
The history of American comics began in the 19th century in mass print media, in the era of sensationalist journalism, where newspaper comics served as further entertainment for mass readership. In the 20th century, comics became an autonomous art medium and an integral part of American culture.

Richard F. Outcault
Richard Felton Outcault (/ˈaʊtkɔːlt/; January 14, 1863 – September 25, 1928) was an American cartoonist. He was the creator of the series The Yellow Kid and Buster Brown and is considered a key pioneer of the modern comic strip.
Hoop snake
The hoop snake is a legendary creature of the United States, Canada, and Australia. It appears in the Pecos Bill stories; although his description of hoop snakes is the one with which people are most familiar, stories of the creature predate those fictional tales considerably.

Ouroboros
The ouroboros (/ˌʊərəˈbɒrəs/) or uroboros (/ˌjʊərəˈbɒrəs/) is an ancient symbol depicting a snake or dragon eating its own tail. The ouroboros entered Western tradition via ancient Egyptian iconography and the Greek magical tradition. It was adopted as a symbol in Gnosticism and Hermeticism and, most notably, in alchemy. Some snakes, such as rat snakes, have been known to consume themselves.
Wisconsin's 19th Senate district
The 19th Senate district of Wisconsin is one of 33 districts in the Wisconsin Senate.  Located in central Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Waushara County, most of Winnebago County, western Outagamie County, southern Waupaca County, and part of eastern Adams County and southeast Portage County.  The district also contains Lake Poygan and Hartman Creek State Park.

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Ipswich Mental Hospital
Ipswich Mental Hospital is a heritage-listed psychiatric hospital at 3 Parker Avenue, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Queensland Works Department and built from 1933 to 1940. It is also known as Ipswich Hospital for the Insane, Sandy Gallop Asylum, and Challinor Centre. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 December 1996.

Ipswich, Queensland
Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ ⓘ) is an urban centre within the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks. Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre. The suburb of the same name serves as the city's central business district. In the 2021 census, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.
Lampsacus
Lampsacus (/ˈlæmsəkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λάμψακος, romanized: Lampsakos) was an ancient Greek city located in modern day Turkey, strategically situated on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad. An inhabitant of Lampsacus was called a Lampsacene. The name has been transmitted in the nearby modern town of Lapseki.

Troad
The Troad (/ˈtroʊˌæd/ or /ˈtroʊəd/; Greek: Τρωάδα, Troáda) or Troas (/ˈtroʊəs/; Ancient Greek: Τρῳάς, Trōiás or Τρωϊάς, Trōïás) is a historical region in northwestern Anatolia. It corresponds with the Biga Peninsula (Turkish: Biga Yarımadası) in the Çanakkale Province of modern Turkey. Bounded by the Dardanelles to the northwest, by the Aegean Sea to the west and separated from the rest of Anatolia by the massif that forms Mount Ida, the Troad is drained by two main rivers, the Scamander (Karamenderes) and the Simoeis, which join at the area containing the ruins of Troy.
2013–14 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 2013–14 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 44th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970–71. The competition began on 20 October 2013 and ended on 17 March 2014.

St Brigid's entered the competition as the defending champion; however, the club was beaten by Castlebar Mitchels in the Connacht Club Championship.

St Vincent's defeated Castlebar Mitchels by 4–12 to 2–11 in the final at Croke Park on 17 March 2014 to win the competition. It was the club's third title overall and a first since 2008.

Tomás Quinn of the St Vincent's club was the competition's top scorer with 2–33.

All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament which began in season 1970–71. It is the top-tier competition for the senior football clubs of Ireland and London.

The current champions are Dingle of Kerry who defeated St Brigid's of Roscommon on 18 January 2026 to win their first All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The current trophy is the Andy Merrigan Cup, named after a footballer who played for Castletown Liam Mellows and Wexford who died as a result of a farm accident at the height of his playing career. It was first presented in 1974.
1974 Arkansas International
The 1974 Arkansas International was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts at Burns Park in North Little Rock, Arkansas in the United States that was part of the 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit. It was the inaugural edition of the event and was held from February 4 through February 10, 1974. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and earned $4,000 first-prize money.

1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit
The 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit , also known by its sponsored name Schick Tennis Classic, was a professional tennis circuit held in the United States from January until April that year. It consisted of 13 tournaments and was organized by Bill Riordan and sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA). The circuit offered total prize money of over $400,000 including a bonus pool of $100,000 available for the top eight players who participated in at least six tournaments.
Çürüklük
Çürüklük is a small neighborhood in Kasımpaşa in the Beyoğlu municipality on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey.

The word çürüklük means "rottenness," "garbage dump,"  or "graveyard for executed criminals and paupers." The area is said to have been built on the site of a Byzantine garbage dump that stretched from Elmadağ in Şişli to Tepebaşı in Beyoğlu (near the present British Consulate).

Çürüklük is one of the historic Romani ("Gypsy") neighborhoods of Istanbul, along with Selamsız, Sulukule, Küçükbakkalköy, Tophane, Çayırboyu, and Lonca.

Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu
Kasımpaşa (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈkasɯmpaʃa]) is a working-class neighbourhood  on the northern shore of the Golden Horn within the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European side of the city. Once best known for its naval bases and shipyards, it is a rapidly evolving area, likely to be greatly changed by the Haliçport-Tersane Istanbul projects taking shape along its shoreline in 2022.

Adjoining areas include Piyalepaşa, Hasköy and Şişhane to which it is connected by a Metro tunnel. Also nearby are Dolapdere and Kurtuluş which was founded, as Tatavla, by Greek from Chios who chose to leave their homes in Kasımpaşa for higher ground after their church was turned into a mosque. The Golden Horn ferry stops at Kasımpaşa connecting it with Üsküdar, Karaköy, Fener, Balat, Ayvansaray, Eyüp and Sütlüce.

Kasımpaşa is the lowest valued property on the Istanbul Monopoly board game.
Carlos Wiederhold
Carlos Wiederhold Piwonka (July 9, 1867 in Osorno, Chile – July 29, 1935 in Santiago, Chile) was a German-Chilean entrepreneur known for establishing the shop La Alemana in 1895, which the city of Bariloche in Argentina grew out of. Wiederhold came from the wealthiest family of city of Osorno whose ancestors had arrived in the Chilean government programme of German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue. As Weiderhold was named consul of the German Empire in Chile he left Bariloche for Puerto Montt in the 1900s. In Puerto Montt Wiederhold continued to run the business while in Bariloche Weiderhold's business partner Federico Hube, also a German-Chilean from Osorno, was left in charge of local affairs.

German Chileans
German Chileans (Spanish: germanochilenos; German: Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chileans descended from German immigrants, about 30,000 of whom arrived in Chile between 1846 and 1914. Most of these were from traditionally Catholic Bavaria, Baden and the Rhineland, and also from Bohemia in the present-day Czech Republic; even included were Alsatians and Poles through Partitions of Poland. A smaller number of Lutherans immigrated to Chile following the failed revolutions of 1848.

From the middle of the 19th century to the present, they have played a significant role in the economic, political and cultural development of the Chilean nation. The 19th-century immigrants settled chiefly in Chile's Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions in the so-called Zona Sur of Chile, including the Chilean lake district.
Celestyn Czaplic
Celestyn Czaplic (6 April 1723 – 23 May 1804) of the Kierdeja coat of arms was a Polish–Lithuanian szlachcic, politician, writer and a poet. Remembered for his humorous poetry and impeccable moral character, he was a deputy to numerous Sejms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and a marshal of the Sejm of 1766. He held the offices of podczaszy, podkomorzy, and finally, from 1773, of the Master of the Hunt of the Crown. He was the recipient of the Order of Saint Stanislaus and the Order of the White Eagle.

Polish heraldry
Polish heraldry is the study of the coats of arms that have historically been used in Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It treats of specifically Polish heraldic traits and of the Polish heraldic system, contrasted with heraldic systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe. Due to the distinctive ways in which feudal societies evolved, Poland's heraldic traditions differ substantially from those of the modern-day German lands and France.

Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of the Polish szlachta (nobility).
Jeffrey Race
Jeffrey Race is the author of War Comes to Long An, originally published in 1972 and re-published with additional material in 2010.  The book is based on his interviews with Vietnamese and Vietnamese documents, both government and communist, in Long An province in what was then South Vietnam.  Described as a "military classic", Race attempted to answer the question of why one side in the Vietnam War could better motivate its followers than the other.  His conclusion was that by 1965, before the large scale introduction of American military forces into the war, the communist Viet Cong had already won the battle of "Hearts and Minds".

Long An province
Long An was a province in the Mekong Delta region of southern Vietnam. The provincial capital is Tân An city, and other major districts and town include Kiến Tường, Bến Lức, Cần Giuộc and Đức Hòa. There are 15 districts within the province (included 1 provincial capital city and 1 district-level town).

The region is between Ho Chi Minh City and Southeast region in the north and the Mekong Delta. Because of its low lying geography, it is susceptible to sea level rise caused by climate change.

On 12 June 2025, Long An was incorporated into Tây Ninh province.
The Psychology of Religion and Coping
The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice by Kenneth Pargament was published in the United States in 1997. It is addressed to professional psychologists and researchers, and has been reviewed in many professional journals. 
Originally hardbound, it was republished as a paperback in 2001.
By 2010, it had been cited more than 450 times in the psychology literature.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
The American Journal of Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of psychiatry, and is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association. The first volume was issued in 1844, at which time it was known as the American Journal of Insanity. The title changed to the current form with the July issue of 1943.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 18.112.
The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1919 film)
The Mystery of the Yellow Room is a 1919 American crime drama film made by the Mayflower Photoplay Company and distributed through Realart Pictures Corporation. Émile Chautard served as a producer.

The Mystery of the Yellow Room (in French Le mystère de la chambre jaune) was originally a novel by Gaston Leroux, one of the first locked room mystery novels. It was first published in France in the periodical L'Illustration from September 1907 to November 1907, then in its own right as a book in 1908.

The film, which itself is a remake of Chautard's "Le Mystère de la chambre jaune" (1913), was remade in 1930, 1949 and in 2003.

The Mystery of the Yellow Room (2003 film)
The Mystery of the Yellow Room (French: Le Mystère de la chambre jaune) is a 2003 French comedy film based on the 1907 novel of the same name by Gaston Leroux.

It was followed by a sequel The Perfume of the Lady in Black in 2005.
Bruce Field
Bruce Field (FAA LID: E30) is a city-owned public-use general aviation airport located five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) southwest of the central business district of Ballinger, a city in Runnels County, Texas, United States.

31st Flying Training Wing (World War II)
The 31st Flying Training Wing was a training formation of the U.S. Army Air Forces (AAF) during World War II.

The wing's mission was to train personnel of the U.S. Army Air Forces Training Command. Headquartered at Enid Field, Oklahoma, for most of its operational service, it controlled contract pilot schools primarily in the Central United States. There is no lineal connection to the 31st Fighter Wing.
Fibrobacter succinogenes
Fibrobacter succinogenes is a cellulolytic bacterium species in the genus Fibrobacter. It is present in the rumen of cattle. F. succinogenes is a gram negative, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe that is a major contributor to cellulose digestion.  Since its discovery in the 1950s, it has been studied for its role in herbivore digestion and cellulose fermentation, which can be utilized in biofuel production.

Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants. The rumen and the reticulum make up the reticulorumen in ruminant animals. The diverse microbial communities in the rumen allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed, which is often fiber-rich roughage typically indigestible by mammalian digestive systems. The rumen is known for containing unique microbial networks within its multiple sac compartments to break down nutrients into usable energy and fatty acids.
Lottia subrugosa
Lottia subrugosa is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae. It is still designated under its synonyms Acmaea subrugosa or Collisella subrugosa in many textbooks.

Lottiidae
Lottiidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the clade Patellogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
IAEDANS
IAEDANS is an organic fluorophore (fluorescent molecule). It stands for 5-({2-[(iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl}amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid. It is widely used as a marker in fluorescence spectroscopy.

1,5-IAEDANS has a peak excitation wavelength of 336 nm and a peak emission wavelength of 490 nm. The extinction coefficient of the dye is 5700. It is soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) or buffer above pH 6 and reacts primarily with thiols.

The absorption spectrum IAEDANS overlaps well with the emission spectrum of tryptophan, making it useful as an acceptor in FRET experiments. It can also be used as a resonance energy donor to fluorophores such as fluorescein, Alexa Fluor 488, Oregon Green, and BODIPY FL.

BODIPY
BODIPY is the technical common name of a chemical compound with formula C9H7BN2F2, whose molecule consists of a boron difluoride group BF2 joined to a dipyrromethene group C9H7N2; specifically, the compound 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene in the IUPAC nomenclature. The common name is an abbreviation for "boron-dipyrromethene". It is a red crystalline solid, stable at ambient temperature, soluble in methanol.

The compound itself was isolated only in 2009, but many derivatives—formally obtained by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by other functional groups—have been known since 1968, and comprise the important class of BODIPY dyes. These organoboron compounds have attracted much interest as fluorescent dyes and markers in biological research.
Slovenian Republic Football League
The Slovenian Republic Football League (Slovene: Slovenska republiška nogometna liga) was the highest football league in Slovenia within the Yugoslav football system.

During the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the league was known as the Ljubljana Subassociation League (Slovene: Prvenstvo Ljubljanske nogometne podzveze) and was one of the qualifying tournaments for the Yugoslav Championship. During the Yugoslavia era, it was a third-tier league for most of its existence, but in 1988 it became a fourth-tier league. Before that, the winner was promoted to the Yugoslav Second League, and after that it was promoted to the Yugoslav Inter-Republic League. After Slovenia's independence in 1991, the league was transformed into the Slovenian PrvaLiga.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
Muhammad Essa
Muhammad Essa Khan (Urdu, Pashto: محمد عیسیٰ خان; born 20 November 1983) is a Pakistani football manager and former footballer who played as a forward.

A former captain of the Pakistan national team, he is regarded among the most talented football players Pakistan has produced. He was used as a playmaker particularly in support of a striker, or a genuine centre forward because of his ball holding and passing skills. He was a left-footed free-kick specialist. In his playing days, Essa was one of the most well known faces in Pakistani football, due to his regular goal scoring at international level.

Football at the 2006 South Asian Games
The Men's football tournament at 2006 South Asian Games was held across in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 14 to 26 August 2006. All matches took place at Sugathadasa Outdoor Sport Complex. India enter with their U-20 team; the other sides are U-23 teams.
Iđut
Iđut AS is a Norwegian publisher of books and music, based in Ikkaldas in Porsanger Municipality, Finnmark county, Norway.

The company publishes novels, children's books, text books and school books, general literature, music and films. It also has publishes a bimonthly youth-culture magazine, Š, which is edited by Máret Ánne Sara. The main language for the books and music Iđut publishes is Northern Sámi, but it also publishes material in Lule Sámi, Southern Sámi, Kven, and Norwegian.

Iđut was founded in 1985 as a record label and expanded into book publishing in 1991. The company is headed by Åge Persen and its chief editor is Nan Persen. The company name, Iđut, comes from a Northern Sámi word that means to sprout in English.

Porsanger Municipality
Porsanger (Northern Sami: Porsáŋgu; Kven: Porsanki) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lakselv. Other villages in the municipality include Børselv, Brenna, Indre Billefjord, Kistrand, Olderfjord, and Skoganvarre.

The 4,874-square-kilometre (1,882 sq mi) municipality is the 3rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Porsanger is the 208th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,889 (many of whom have a Kven (Kainu) or Sami background). The municipality's population density is 0.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.1/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.