hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algonova (2008)
Algonova is double-hulled tanker built for Algoma Tankers Limited, a subsidiary of Algoma Central. The tanker's construction began in 2006 at Ereğli Shipyard in Turkey as Eregli 04. The ship was launched in 2008 as Algonova after the tanker was purchased by Algoma Tankers Limited while still under construction. The ship services ports on the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Algonova is the second ship to bear the name.

Algoma Central
The Algoma Central Corporation is the result of a reorganization of the Algoma Central Railway in 1990. The company claims assets in excess of $400 million and revenue of $280 million. Corporate headquarters is located in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Mike Malott
Michael Malott (born November 7, 1991) is a Canadian mixed martial artist who competes in the Welterweight division. He currently fights for UFC. In the past he has competed for the WSOF, Bellator MMA and Cage Fury Fighting Championships.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
Galičnik dialect
The Galičnik dialect (Macedonian: Галички дијалект, Galički dijalekt) or Lower Reka dialect (Macedonian: Малорекански дијалект, Malorekanski dijalekt) is a member of the subgroup of western and northwestern dialects of the western group of dialects of Macedonian. The dialect is spoken on a small territory on the mountain Bistra in the western part of North Macedonia. The dialect's name is derived from the biggest village in that area- Galičnik. Also, the dialect is spoken in many other small villages, including the village of Gari. The Galičnik dialect is closely related to the Reka dialect, spoken north-western of the Galičnik dialect. This dialect is well known in North Macedonia because of the archaic words that this dialect has. The dialect can be found in many historically important literary works in Macedonian literature. One of the most important is Ǵorǵija Puleski and his dictionary of three languages.

Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and many other languages present number categories of singular or plural. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements.

The word "number" is also used in linguistics to describe the distinction between certain grammatical aspects that indicate the number of times an event occurs, such as the semelfactive aspect, the iterative aspect, etc. For that use of the term, see "Grammatical aspect".
Joshua Goodman
Joshua Goodman is an American journalist with the Associated Press (AP) known for his coverage of Latin America. He has significant experience reporting on economic and political issues in the region. He is the news director for the Andean region for the AP and has held this position since 2016. He previously served as AP chief of bureau for Colombia, Venezuela and Panama.

In 2023, Goodman was awarded a Maria Moors Cabot Gold Medal from the Columbia School of Journalism for his storytelling from Latin America. Goodman has received grants from the Pulitzer Center for reporting.

Maria Moors Cabot Prizes
The Maria Moors Cabot Prizes are the oldest international awards in the field of journalism. They are presented each fall by the Trustees of Columbia University to journalists in the Western hemisphere who are viewed as having made a significant contributions to upholding freedom of the press in the Americas and Inter-American understanding. Since 2003, the prize can be awarded to an organization instead of an individual.
Jeff Lander
Jeff Lander is an American video game programmer. He creates real-time 3D graphics at Darwin 3D, a game technology specialist company. He has written several articles on 3D graphics for Gamasutra and Game Developers Conference. In 2002, he received the IGDA Award for Community Contribution at the Game Developers Choice Awards.

Lander co-founded the Game Tech conference event with Chris Hecker, and, in 2004, co-designed it with Jonathan Blow.

In 2009, Jeff Lander and Bob Rafei founded Big Red Button Entertainment, a video game development studio. Lander is the studio's technical director, and served in this role for their debut game, Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric.

Chris Hecker
Christopher Bryan Hecker (born 1970) is an American video game programmer and commentator. He is the founder of game Developer Definition Six and is best known for his engineering work on Will Wright's 2008 game Spore. Hecker is an advocate for independent game development and co-founded the Indie Game Jam. He has written influential articles on programming and has been an editor for Game Developer Magazine and the Journal of Graphics Tools.
Justin Crow
Justin Crow (born 16 July 1983) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Crow was recruited from the Oakleigh Chargers of the TAC Cup, but from Doncaster originally. In 2004 he made just one AFL appearance, in Collingwood's round 19 win over Fremantle at Subiaco Oval. He took two marks and had two kicks in the win. After leaving Collingwood he continued playing football with the Northern Bullants. Despite his minimal number of games for the senior team, Crow was the first Collingwood player to twice win the Joseph Wren Memorial Trophy for the best and fairest in the VFL team.

In 2013 Justin became the acting fitness coach at Essendon Football Club.

He is the son of Max Crow, who played for Essendon, St Kilda and Footscray.

Max Crow
Max Crow (born 7 January 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League.

He played mostly as a key forward or ruckman, he was a good mark and long kick. Recruited from the western Victorian town of Underbool, outside Essendon's recruitment zone, he made his league debut for the Bombers in 1974 and spent a number of years at the club as one of its favourites.

He then crossed to St Kilda in 1983, winning the club's best and fairest award in his first year there, before finishing with one year at Footscray in 1986.
Service Electric
Service Electric is a group of affiliated cable television companies serving eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey, United States. The company is headquartered in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley.

Service Electric also offers broadband Internet and telephone services through PenTeleData and Alianza, both of which are partner companies.

Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The county seat is Pottsville. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county is part of the Pottsville micropolitan statistical area, and borders eight  counties: Berks and Lebanon counties to its south, Dauphin and Northumberland counties to its west, Columbia and Luzerne counties to its north, and Carbon and Lehigh counties to its east. The county is approximately 47 miles (76 km) west of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.

The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and Northampton counties and named for the Schuylkill River, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties.
Redborne Upper School and Community College
Redborne Upper School & Community College is an academy school and sixth form located in Ampthill, Bedfordshire, England. The school serves the population of Ampthill, Flitwick and surrounding villages.

Redborne is a designated training school. As a training school the school offers a postgraduate programme as well as a Graduate Teacher Programme, and an Access to Education Scheme. Through this the school has links with the University of Bedfordshire, Oxford Brookes University and Bedford College.

In July 2019, the school was awarded an Artsmark gold award from Arts Council England. The award is in recognition of the school's excellence in arts education.

The school was previously a specialist Sports College, however on 1 April 2011, the school formally gained academy status.

The school also has a working farm allowing a qualification in agriculture.

As of 2019, the school's most recent Ofsted judgement was Good (2017).

Flitwick
Flitwick (/ˈflɪtɪk/ ⓘ) is a town and civil parish in Central Bedfordshire, England.
It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "a hamlet on the River Flitt". The spelling Flytwyk appears in 1381.

The nearby River Flit runs through Flitwick Moor, a nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Imperial Free City of Trieste
The Imperial Free City of Trieste and its Territory (German: Reichsunmittelbare Stadt Triest und ihr Gebiet, Italian: Città Imperiale di Trieste e Dintorni) was a possession of the Habsburg monarchy in the Holy Roman Empire from the 14th century to 1806, a constituent part of the German Confederation and the Austrian Littoral from 1849 to 1920, and part of the Italian Julian March until 1922. In 1719 it was declared a free port by Emperor Charles VI; the construction of the Austrian Southern Railway (1841–57) turned it into a bustling seaport, through which much of the exports and imports of the Austrian Lands were channelled. The city administration and economy were dominated by the city's Italian population element; Italian was the language of administration and jurisdiction. In the later 19th and early 20th century, the city attracted the immigration of workers from the city's hinterlands, many of whom were speakers of Slovene.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Sharovarshchyna
Sharovarshchyna (Ukrainian: шароварщина [ʃɐroˈwɑrʃtʃɪnɐ]; also sharovarstvo [шароварство] or sharovarnytstvo [шароварництво]; from sharovary, stereotypical Cossack pants) is a culturological and journalistic term, usually negative, for the ethnic stereotype of Ukrainian culture through pseudo-folk, kitsch elements of costume and life. Sharovarshchyna identifies Ukrainian culture with the culture of the peasants and Cossacks, relying on their folklore and theatrical image popularized in the late 19th century. The heyday of sharovarshchyna and the popularization of this term, however, took place in the second half of the twentieth century.

Ethnic stereotype
An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their  status, societal and cultural norms. A national stereotype does the same for a given nationality. Stereotyping is typically associated with racism, and may also be used for humor in jokes.

National stereotypes may relate either to one's own ethnicity/nationality or to a foreign/differing one.  Stereotypes about one's own nation may aid in maintaining a national identity due to a collective relatability to a trait or characteristic, referred to as national character.
Moses Camp House
The Moses Camp House is a historic house at 682 Main Street in the Winsted area of Winchester, Connecticut. Probably built about 1840 for one of the region's major merchants, it is a high quality example of Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984; it now houses professional offices.

Winsted, Connecticut
Winsted is a census-designated place and an incorporated city in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the town of Winchester. The population of Winsted was 7,192 at the 2020 census, a decrease from 7,712 at the 2010 census. It comprises the majority of the town of Winchester's 10,224 population. Winsted is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Peshmerga Roj
Peshmerga Roj (Kurdish: پێشمەرگێ ڕۆژ, romanized: Pêşmergê Roj), also known as the Rojava Peshmerga (Kurdish: پێشمەرگێ ڕۆژئاڤا, romanized: Pêşmergê Rojava), or the Roj Army (Kurdish: لەشکرێ ڕۆژ, romanized: Leşkirê Roj) are the military wing of the KDP-S, Kurdish National Council and KRG in Syria. They are pro-KDP and take orders from President Barzani of Iraqi Kurdistan.

Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
The Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان سووری, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê li Sûriyê; Arabic: الحزب الديمقراطي الكُردستاني في سوريا Hizb Al-Dimuqrati Al-Kurdistani fi Suriya), or Kurdish Democratic Party in Syria, commonly known as KDPS, PDK-S or Elpartî, refers to a Kurdish Syrian political party founded in 1957 by Kurdish nationalists in northern Syria. Today, multiple parties claim direct continuity from the original.
Salut les copains (album series)
Salut les copains is a series of albums released through Universal Music France to commemorate the best of music featured in French scene as sponsored by the "Salut les copains" radio program in France and the French Salut les copains magazine.

The tracks include French original singles, French-language covers of known hits as well as European and American hits popular in France. The track list is a representative wide selection of the "Yé-yé" generation of French music.

The House of the Rising Sun
"The House of the Rising Sun" is an American traditional folk song, sometimes called "Rising Sun Blues". It tells of a person's life gone wrong in the city of New Orleans.  Many versions also urge a sibling or parents and children to avoid the same fate. The most successful commercial version, recorded in 1964 by the English rock band The Animals, was a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and in the U.S. and Canada. As a traditional folk song recorded by an electric rock band, it has been described as the "first folk rock hit".

The song was first collected in Appalachia in the 1930s, but probably has its roots in traditional English folk song. It is listed as number 6393 in the Roud Folk Song Index.
FSV Bayreuth
The FSV Bayreuth is a German association football club from the city of Bayreuth, Bavaria.

The club was formed in a merger of the football departments of 1. FC Bayreuth and BSV 98 Bayreuth in May 2003. BSV was the product of an earlier merger between VfB Bayreuth and TuSpo Bayreuth.

Landesliga Bayern
The Landesliga Bayern sits at step 6 of the German football league system and is the third highest level in the Bavarian football league system, below the Bayernliga and organised in five regional divisions. The current Landesligas were formed in 1963, when the Bundesliga was established. From 2012, when the Regionalliga Bayern was established, the Landesligas were expanded from three to five divisions.

Previous to that, from 1945 to 1950, the Landesliga Bayern existed as a tier-two league below the Oberliga Süd.
Main Street Historic District (Damariscotta, Maine)
The Main Street Historic District encompasses the historic commercial center of Damariscotta, Maine.  Although the community was settled in the 18th century, most of its downtown area dates to the second half of the 19th century due to an 1845 fire.  Lining Main Street east of the Damariscotta River, the downtown has a well-preserved collection of commercial, residential, and civic structures from the period. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and enlarged in 2001.

Damariscotta, Maine
Damariscotta (/dæmrɪˈskɒtə/ DAM-rih-SKOT-ə) is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,297 at the 2020 census. A popular tourist destination known for its oysters, the towns of Damariscotta and Newcastle are linked by the Main Street bridge over the Damariscotta River, forming the "Twin Villages". The name Damariscotta derives from an Algonquian word 'Madamescontee' which means place of abundance of small fish (alewives), and is shared with a census-designated place located within the town.
Frederick Bogue Noyes
Frederick Bogue Noyes (1872–1961) was an American dentist. His dental career began before the age of ten when he worked as an assistant to his dentist father. Noyes began dental practice before entering dental school (legal at the time), and while a student at Northwestern University Dental School, organized the first course on dental pathology in the United States, and began a long association providing illustrations for the texts of G. V. Black.

In 1908, he started a new career as an orthodontist after studying with Edward Angle. Noyes joined the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry as professor and head of the Department of Dental Histology in 1913 and became dean of the College in 1924. He was known for his willingness to experiment with change and innovation in the curriculum. Noyes served as dean of the College until 1940.

Greene Vardiman Black
Greene Vardiman Black (August 3, 1836 – August 31, 1915) was an American dentist and academic. He was one of the founders of modern dentistry in the United States. He is also known as the father of operative dentistry.
Creophilus rekohuensis
Creophilus rekohuensis is a beetle of the Staphylinidae family, subfamily Staphylininae. This species occurs only on some small predator-free islands in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, where it lives in seabird burrows. Its name derives from Rekohu, the Moriori name for Chatham Island.

Staphylininae
Staphylininae are a subfamily of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae). They contain the typical rove beetles with their long but fairly robust blunt-headed and -tipped bodies and short elytra, as well as some more unusually-shaped lineages.
Qomesh, Lorestan
Qomesh (Persian: قمش) is a village in, and the capital of, Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District of Itivand District, Delfan County, Lorestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kahriz-e Varvasht.

Itivand District
Itivand District (Persian: بخش ایتیوند) is in Delfan County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kahriz-e Varvasht, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 670 people in 176 households.
Robert J. Plemmons
Robert James Plemmons (December 18, 1938 – February 6, 2026) was an American mathematician who specialized in computational mathematics. He was the emeritus Z. Smith Reynolds Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at Wake Forest University. In 1979, Plemmons co-authored the book Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences.

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.

SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.
Hungarian–Ottoman War (1389–1396)
The Hungarian–Ottoman War (1389–1396) was the fourth confrontation between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. The war ended in an Ottoman victory, as the crusaders suffered a devastating defeat in the battle of Nicopolis.

Bayezid I
Bayezid I (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد اول; Turkish: I. Bayezid), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم بايزيد; Turkish: Yıldırım Bayezid; c. 1360 – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of Sultan-i Rûm, Rûm being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1394, Bayezid unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople. Bayezid vanquished all the Beyliks and proceeded to conquer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402, he once more besieged Constantinople, appearing to find success, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. He defeated the crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria in 1396. He was later defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons.
Cole Cobblestone Farmhouse
Cole Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone farmhouse built about 1832. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Cobblestone architecture
Cobblestone architecture refers to the use of cobblestones embedded in mortar as method for erecting walls on houses and commercial buildings. It was frequently used in the northeastern United States and upper Midwest in the early 19th century; the greatest concentration of surviving cobblestone buildings is in New York State, generally near the historic Erie Canal or connecting canals.
Fiapre
Fiapre is a town in Sunyani West Municipality in the Bono Region of Ghana. Fiapre is very close to the regional capital town of the Bono Region, Sunyani and shares borders with Sunyani, Odomase, Dumasua, Mantukwa and Nsuatre, all within the Sunyani West Municipality in the Bono Region of Ghana.

Sunyani
Sunyani (/sʌˈŋjəˈeɪ/ ⓘ) is a city and the capital of the Sunyani Municipal District and the Bono Region of Ghana. The city is located about 105 miles (169 km) northwest of Kumasi and 300 miles (480 km) away from Accra. It is the sixth-largest city in the country as of the 2010 census, with a population of 75,366 people. Ethnic groups such as the Akan, Northerner, Ewe, and Ga-Adangbe resided in the city along with others. As of 2024, the mayor of the municipality was Hon. Ansu Kumi.

Sunyani's economy is largely agrarian, with the city being known for its ever-growing cocoa bean production. The city is home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sunyani which is under Bishop Matthew Kwasi Gyamfi. Sunyani is also home to many educational institutions, such as the Sunyani Technical University and the University of Energy and Natural Resources.
Gamma Tauri
Gamma Tauri (γ Tauri, abbreviated Gamma Tau, γ Tau) is either a solitary, binary or double star (the Washington Double Star Catalog notes it as a "Dubious Double" or "Bogus Binary") that marks the tip of the "V" in the constellation of Taurus. It is a member of, and located within about 2.5 parsecs of the center of, the Hyades star cluster, the nearest open cluster to the Sun. Based upon parallax measurements, Gamma Tauri is approximately 154 light-years from the Sun.

Considered as a pair of stars, the two components are designated Gamma Tauri A (officially named Prima Hyadum /ˌpraɪmə ˈhaɪədəm/, the traditional name for the system) and B.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).