hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legislative districts of South Cotabato
The legislative districts of South Cotabato are the representations of the province of South Cotabato and the urbanized city of General Santos in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.

Sarangani was last represented as part of South Cotabato in 1995, while General Santos is represented separately since 2022.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
NGC 3758
NGC 3758 known as the Owl Galaxy, is a type Sb spiral galaxy in the constellation of Leo. It is located 447 million light-years from the Solar System and an approximate diameter of 70,000 light-years. NGC 3758 was discovered by Ralph Copeland on March 18, 1874, but also independently discovered by Edouard Stephan ten years later.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Rupe (given name)
Rupe is a masculine given name, often a diminutive form (hypocorism) of Rupert. People named Rupe include:

Rupert Rupe Andrews (1926-2008), American player in the Canadian Football League

Rupe Benstead (1889–1961), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Bethune (1917–1984), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Brownlees (1888–1960), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Dodd (1907–1998), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Hannah (1900-1983), Australian rules footballer

Rupert Rupe Hiskins (1893–1976), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Hutton (1906–1987), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Lowell (1893–1980), Australian rules footballer

Rupe McDonald (1910–1969), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Perrett (1909-1966), Australian rules footballer

Rupert Smith (American football) (1897-1959), American college football player

Hypocorism
A hypocorism (/haɪˈpɒkərɪzəm/ hy-POK-ər-iz-əm or /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒrɪzəm/ HY-pə-KORR-iz-əm; from Ancient Greek ὑποκόρισμα hypokórisma; sometimes also hypocoristic), or pet name, is a name used to show affection for a person. It may be a diminutive form of a person's name, such as Izzy for Isabel or Bob for Robert, or it may be unrelated.
Gavia brodkorbi
Gavia brodkorbi is an extinct species of loon from the Clarendonian age from United States. The holotype and only known specimen is a complete left ulna that was collected from the Monterey Formation in Laguna Niguel, California by Marion J. Bohreer in 1969. The ulna is shorter but more stout in comparison to the red-throated loon (G. stellata) and pacific loon (G. pacifica). The area of attachment of the ligaments is different from the  extant species, as it is shorter and less oval. Hildegarde Howard would described the bird in 1978 on a paper discussing the Late Miocene seabird fauna of Orange County named the species after Pierce Brodkorb for his contribution for the field of paleornithology including his review of Pliocene loons.

Paleornithology
Paleornithology, also known as avian paleontology, is the scientific study of bird evolution and fossil birds. It is a hybrid of ornithology and paleontology. Paleornithology began with the discovery of Archaeopteryx. The reptilian relationship of birds and their ancestors, the theropod dinosaurs, are important aspects of paleornithological research. Other areas of interest to paleornithologists are the early sea-birds Ichthyornis, Hesperornis, and others. Notable paleornithologists are Storrs L. Olson, Alexander Wetmore, Alan Feduccia, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Philip Ashmole, Pierce Brodkorb, Trevor H. Worthy, Zhou Zhonghe, Yevgeny Kurochkin, Bradley C. Livezey, Gareth J. Dyke, Luis M. Chiappe, Gerald Mayr and David Steadman.
Prime Minister of the Maldives
The prime minister of the Maldives was the head of government of the Maldives, during the Sultanate and the first first and second republics between 1835 and 1975. The last Prime Minister was Ahmed Zaki, during the presidency of Ibrahim Nasir. On 6 March 1975, Zaki was removed from office and the position was abolished.

The prime minister was appointed by the Sultan following the consent of the Majlis.

Vice President of the Maldives
The vice president of the Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާގެ ނާއިބު, romanized: dhivehiraajjeyge raeesuljumhooriyyaage naaibu) is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the government of the Maldives, after the president of the Maldives, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected together with the president to a five-year term of office.

Ibrahim Muhammad Didi was the first vice president and was an appointee, while Mohamed Waheed Hassan was the first elected vice president.

The vice president is the first in the line of succession to the presidency in the event of the president's death, resignation, or removal from office.

The current office-holder is Hussain Mohamed Latheef, who was sworn in on 17 November 2023.
2018 Tennessee House of Representatives election
The 2018 Tennessee House of Representatives election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect 99 seats for the Tennessee House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the Governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State Senate elections.

Democrat Gloria Johnson flipped Knoxville's Suburban 13th district, and Democrat Bob Freeman flipped suburban Nashville's 56th district, while Republican Chris Hurt defeated Democratic minority leader Craig Fitzhugh in west Tennessee's rural 82nd district. The Republican Party maintained their supermajority in the state house.

Both the speaker and the minority leader retired, and their seats were subsequently won by the opposing party.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Tennessee, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including the senate and gubernatorial election.

Following the 2018 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving the Tennessee delegation at a 7-2 Republican majority.
Chalicopoma laevigatum
Chalicopoma laevigatum  is a species of small salt marsh snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk, or micromollusk, in the family Assimineidae.

This species is endemic to Guam. According to The Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential, Omphalotropis laevigata is an endangered species.

Assimineidae
Assimineidae is a family of small snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious between saltwater and land; others live in freshwater.
Boxlock action
The boxlock action is a firing mechanism with the lockwork mounted internally, as opposed to being mounted on the side of the weapon. Boxlock actions were common in the 18th and 19th centuries. The action gets its name from the lockwork typically being installed in a box of sort, usually inline behind the barrel.

Most boxlock weapons were flintlock, although though some percussion cap and pinfire boxlocks also existed.

The popularity of boxlock actions declined rapidly after the emergence of percussion cap and pinfire revolvers in the mid-19th century.

Flintlock
Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint-striking ignition mechanism, the first of which appeared in Western Europe in the early 16th century. The term may also apply to a particular form of the mechanism itself, also known as the true flintlock, that was introduced in the early 17th century, and gradually replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock, the wheellock, and the earlier flintlock mechanisms such as the snaplock and snaphaunce.

The true flintlock continued to be in common use for over two centuries, replaced by percussion cap and, later, the cartridge-based systems in the early-to-mid 19th century. Although long superseded by modern firearms, flintlock weapons enjoy continuing popularity with black-powder shooting enthusiasts.
Sitou Township
Sitou Township (Chinese: 寺头乡; pinyin: Sìtóu Xiāng) is a township of Yangcheng County, Shanxi province, China. As of 2020, it has 14 villages under its administration:

Sitou Village

Nanshu Village (南树村)

Beixiazhuang Village (北下庄村)

Zhangjiazhuang Village (张家庄村)

Anshang Village (安上村)

Dongjialing Village (董家岭村)

Qianshishan Village (前史山村)

Laomeng Village (老孟村)

Zhu Village (朱村)

Shudi Village (黍地村)

Jizhuang Village (吉庄村)

Mazhai Village (马寨村)

Sanhe Village (三合村)

Xinfeng Village (鑫丰村)

Yangcheng County
Yangcheng County (simplified Chinese: 阳城县; traditional Chinese: 陽城縣; pinyin: Yángchéng Xiàn) is a county in the southeast of Shanxi Province, China, bordering Henan Province to the south. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jincheng and located in the latter's southwest confines. It is home to the AAAAA-rated House of the Huangcheng Chancellor.
Ravensberg Basin
The Ravensberg Basin (German: Ravensberger Mulde) or Ravensberg Hills  (Ravensberger Hügelland) is a natural region in the governorate of Detmold (Ostwestfalen-Lippe) in the northeastern part of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia; small elements also fall within the neighbouring state of Lower Saxony. It is part of the lower Weser Uplands and comprises low rolling hills bordered by the ranges of the Wiehen Hills in the north, Lippe Uplands in the east, Teutoburg Forest in the south and Osnabrück Hills in the west. The heart of the Ravensberg Basin is almost coincident with the cultural region of the Ravensberg Land.

Weser Uplands
The Weser Uplands (German: Weserbergland, German pronunciation: [ˈveːzɐˌbɛʁklant]) is a hill region in Germany, between Hannoversch Münden and Porta Westfalica, along the river Weser. The area reaches into three states, Lower Saxony, Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia. Important towns of this region include Bad Karlshafen, Holzminden, Höxter, Bodenwerder, Hameln, Rinteln, and Vlotho.

The tales of the Brothers Grimm are set in the Weser Uplands, and it has many renaissance buildings, exhibiting a peculiar regional style, the Weser Renaissance style. The region roughly coincides with the natural region of the Lower Saxon Hills defined by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN).
Ftira
Ftira (plural: ftajjar) is a ring-shaped, leavened, Maltese bread, usually eaten with fillings such as sardines, tuna, potato, fresh tomato, onion, capers and olives. Regional variations include Gozo ftira, which is served more like a pizza than a sandwich. Gozitan ftira is served open with thinly sliced potato over the crust, or folded over like a calzone.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Smartphone patent wars
The smartphone wars or smartphone patents licensing and litigation refers to commercial struggles among smartphone manufacturers including Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson), Google, Apple Inc., Samsung Mobile, Microsoft, Nokia, Motorola, Huawei, LG Electronics, ZTE and HTC, by patent litigation and other means. The conflict is part of the wider "patent wars" between technology and software corporations.

To secure and increase market share, companies that have been granted a patent can sue to prevent competitors from using the methods the patent covers. Since 2010 the number of lawsuits, counter-suits, and trade complaints based on patents and designs in the market for smartphones, and devices based on smartphone OSes such as Android and iOS, has increased significantly.

Lucy Koh
Lucy Haeran Koh (born August 7, 1968) is an American lawyer serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Koh previously served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California from 2010 to 2021. She also served as a California state court judge of the Santa Clara County Superior Court from 2008 to 2010. She is the first Korean American woman to serve on a federal appellate court in the United States.
Joshua Melko
Joshua Melko (/mɛlkoʊ/) is an American scientist and chemistry professor. Melko is an associate professor of physical chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at University of North Florida. His research focuses on studying gas phase chemical reactions that are relevant to the atmospheres of Earth and Mars which provides insights into reactions critical in global warming, ground-to-space communication, and habitability of other planets. Melko is best known for his innovative online teaching methods on the popular streaming platform Twitch.

Orbital hybridisation
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which forms four single bonds, the valence-shell s orbital combines with three valence-shell p orbitals to form four equivalent sp3 mixtures in a tetrahedral arrangement around the carbon to bond to four different atoms. Hybrid orbitals are useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties and are symmetrically disposed in space. Usually hybrid orbitals are formed by mixing atomic orbitals of comparable energies.
Barabhum railway station
Barabhum railway station is a railway station on Purulia–Tatanagar line of Adra railway division of Indian Railways' South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Baghmundi Road, Balarampur at Rangadih in Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. This railway station serves Balarampur CD Block and Baghmundi area. Total 30 trains including number of Express and passenger trains stop at Barabhum railway station.

Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line
The Asansol–Adra–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line is part of Howrah and eastern India's links with Mumbai and Chennai. It is also a major freight line for transporting iron ore, coal and steel products. This page includes the Adra–Bokaro Steel City branch line, the Adra-Gomoh branch line, the Adra-Dhanbad branch line and Tatanagar–Badampahar branch lines.
Dilogarithm
In mathematics, the dilogarithm (or Spence's function), denoted as Li2(z), is a particular case of the polylogarithm. Two related special functions are referred to as Spence's function, the dilogarithm itself:

and its reflection.
For |z| ≤ 1, an infinite series also applies (the integral definition constitutes its analytical extension to the complex plane):

Alternatively, the dilogarithm function is sometimes defined as

In hyperbolic geometry the dilogarithm can be used to compute the volume of an ideal simplex. Specifically, a simplex whose vertices have cross ratio z has hyperbolic volume

The function D(z) is sometimes called the Bloch-Wigner function. Lobachevsky's function and Clausen's function are closely related functions.

William Spence, after whom the function was named by early writers in the field, was a Scottish mathematician working in the early nineteenth century. He was at school with John Galt, who later wrote a biographical essay on Spence.

Special functions
Special functions are particular mathematical functions that have more or less established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications.

The term is defined by consensus, and thus lacks a general formal definition, but the list of mathematical functions contains functions that are commonly accepted as special.
Liu Haitao (pool player)
Liu Haitao (born August 12, 1982 ) is a Chinese professional pool player. Haitao reached the semi-final of the 2012 WPA World Eight-ball Championship, and the 2013 World Games. Haitao won the doubles event at the 2017 Asian Indoor Games; alongside snooker player Lyu Haotian.

Lyu Haotian
Lyu Haotian (Chinese: 吕昊天; born 29 November 1997) is a Chinese professional snooker player, notable for being one of the youngest snooker players to have played in professional tournaments, aged only 14. He reached the quarter-finals of the 2012 International Championship when he was aged 14, which is still the record in a ranking event.
Alberta Highway 566
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 566 in the Canadian province of Alberta lies approximately halfway between Calgary and Airdrie, running west to east from Highway 772 (Symons Valley Road) to Highway 9 near the hamlets of Kathyrn and Keoma.

North of Calgary, from between Range Road 15 & 20 (Panorama Road (24 Street NW) & Mountain View Road) to Range Road 10A (20 Street NE), it is given the designation 176 Avenue N, however it does not enter city limits, with the boundary on the south side of the right of way.

Alberta Transportation has plans to upgrade Highway 566 to a divided expressway.

Alberta Highway 772
Symons Valley Road is a major arterial road and rural highway that links Calgary from Stoney Trail (Highway 201) to Madden in Alberta, Canada. It is preceded by Beddington Trail, a major expressway along West Nose Creek linking Deerfoot Trail to Stoney Trail within Calgary, and is succeeded by Range Road 30. The portion of Symons Valley Road within Rocky View County from the Calgary city limit to Highway 574 south of Madden is designated as Alberta Provincial Highway No. 772.
Camarines Norte Provincial Board
The Camarines Norte Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Camarines Norte.

The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into four districts, the first and fourth districts sending three members to the provincial board, while the second and third send two members; the number of candidates the electorate votes for and the number of winning candidates depends on the number of members their district sends. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer, and only votes to break ties. The vice governor is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide.

Beginning in 2010, the districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative districts of Camarines Norte. Prior to 2010 when the province was just one congressional district, the Commission on Elections divided the province into two provincial board districts.

Legislative districts of Camarines Norte
The legislative districts of Camarines Norte are the representations of the province of Camarines Norte in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.
Lake Bulusan
Lake Bulusan is a lake on Luzon Island in the Philippines. It lies at the heart of Bulusan Volcano National Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares (9,070 acres). It has an elevation of 360 metres (1,180 ft) and is located on the southeast flank of Mount Bulusan, an active volcano.

The lake is accessible either through the Maharlika Highway up to the town of Irosin passing through the towns of Casiguran and Juban. From Irosin it is another ten kilometers to the site. The other is passing through a very scenic route overlooking the Pacific Ocean (San Bernardino Strait) through the towns of Gubat, Barcelona and the center of Bulusan town.

San Bernardino Strait
The San Bernardino Strait (Filipino: Kipot ng San Bernardino) is a strait in the Philippines, connecting the Samar Sea with the Philippine Sea.  It separates the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon from Samar of Visayas.
Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium
The Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium is a soccer and rugby union stadium in Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It hosted 2010 FIFA World Cup matches, including the third-place play off. It is the home of Chippa United Football Club and formerly of rugby union team Southern Kings.

The five-tier, R2 billion (approximately $159 million) Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium was built overlooking the South End Lake, at the heart of the city, one of three coastal stadiums built to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It regularly hosts large-scale rugby union and soccer matches. The stadium has also been used as a concert venue.

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala oMbaxa iNelson Mandela Bay; Afrikaans: Nelson Mandelabaai Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit) is one of eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province and comprises the city of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), the nearby towns of Uitenhage and Despatch, and the surrounding rural area.

The name "Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality" was chosen to honour former President Nelson Mandela.
Tonnes, Norway
Tonnes is a village in Lurøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the mainland coast, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of the town of Mo i Rana. It lies on a peninsula in the far northern edge of the municipality, to the north of the islands of Aldra and Lurøya, east of Storselsøya, and south of Rangsundøya.

Lurøya, Nordland
Lurøya is an island in Lurøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 14.2-square-kilometre (5.5 sq mi) island is located just west of the island of Stigen and just north of the island of Onøya. Lurøya has a bridge connection to Onøya. The highest point on the island is the 685-metre (2,247 ft) tall mountain Lurøyfjellet. In 2017, there were 138 residents of the island.

The village of Lurøy is located on the southwestern coast of Lurøya. Lurøy Church is located in the village of Lurøy.