hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Identity Document (Uruguay)
The Identification Document (Spanish: Documento de Identidad), also known as Cédula de identidad, is the compulsory Uruguayan identity document, issued by the Ministry of the Interior through the National Directorate of Civil Identification (DNIC).

It is compulsory for all residents of Uruguay, whether they are natural or legal citizens, or foreign residents, even for children from 45 days old. It has a personal, unique and exclusive identification number or número de cédula –made up of eight digits–, that is assigned to the holder the first time he/she obtains the document and that keeps throughout his/her life as a general identifier. It is not usable for voting, since the Credencial Cívica serves as an identity document for those eligible on the electoral roll.

Uruguay's identity cards can be used as travel documents to enter the Mercosur members (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay) and associated countries (Peru, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador; except Guyana, Suriname and Panama).

Credencial Cívica
The Civic Credential (Spanish: Credencial Cívica) is a compulsory Uruguayan official document that identifies citizens authorized to vote. Issued by the Electoral Court, it is the only document that certifies the identity of the voter in electoral instances.
Allan Ranada
Allan Ranada is a Filipino professional boxer.

Three times Ranada has fought for regional titles, but has lost in all three attempts.  The titles include the WBC Asian Boxing Council flyweight title, the Pan Asian Boxing Association flyweight title, and the WBO Asia Pacific super flyweight title.

Ranada has also fought and lost to Johnriel Casimero, Sonny Boy Jaro, and Dennis Tubieron.

Dennis Tubieron
Diohines Reguma Tubieron (born 28 December 1989) is a Filipino professional boxer from Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. Also known as Dennis "Scorpion" Tubieron by his ring moniker.

Tubieron is a former WBC International Bantamweight champion.
Political parties in Kerala
Kerala's major political parties are aligned under two coalitions, namely the Left Democratic Front (LDF) and the United Democratic Front (UDF) since the late 1970s. Kerala was the first Indian state to have coalition government as early as 1961
.

2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 16 May 2016 to elect 140 MLAs to the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly.

Voter turnout was 77.53%, up from 75.12% in the previous election. The result was declared on 19 May 2016. The Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), won the election, defeating the incumbent United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress (INC), which could only win 47 seats in the election. Pinarayi Vijayan was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 25 May.
Borgo Panigale
Borgo Panigale (Al Båurg or Båurg Panighèl in Bolognese dialect) is a district of Bologna, Italy.

An independent municipality until December 1937, when it was incorporated into the city, it has been part of the Borgo Panigale-Reno neighborhood since the administrative reform of 2016, alongside the adjacent areas of Barca and Santa Viola.

The neighborhood is home to Bologna's airport (Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport) and the industrial facilities of the motorcycle manufacturer Ducati.

Reno (river)
The Reno (Italian: [ˈrɛːno]; Emilian: Raggn [ˈrɐɲː] or Ränn [ˈræŋː]) is a river of Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany, northern Italy. At 211 km (131 mi), it is the tenth longest river in Italy (the sixth longest of those that flow directly into the sea) and the most important of the region apart from the Po.

It has a drainage basin of 4,628 square kilometres (1,787 mi2). The annual average discharge at the mouth is about 95 cubic metres per second (3,400 cu ft/s); at the point where the river flows into the Pianura Padana (Po River Plain), it amounts to about 25 cubic metres per second (880 cu ft/s). The highest values registered at its outflow into the Po Plain have approached 2,300 cubic metres per second (81,000 cu ft/s), but the typical value when the river is in flood is around 1,000 cubic metres per second (35,000 cu ft/s). The minimal discharge reported is 0.6 cubic metres per second (21 cu ft/s).
USS Whale (SS-239)
USS Whale (SS-239), a Gato-class submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for a whale, an extremely large, aquatic mammal that is fishlike in form. The USS Cachalot (SS-170) (Cachalot, another name for a Sperm Whale) commissioned on 1 December 1933 preceded the Whale.

Her keel was laid down on 28 June 1941 by the Mare Island Naval Shipyard of Vallejo, California. She was launched on 14 March 1942 (sponsored by Mrs. A. D. Denny, wife of Captain A. D. Denny, the commanding officer of the shipyard), and commissioned on 1 June 1942, with Lieutenant Commander (Lt. Cmdr.) John B. Azer in command.

Dock trials and initial shakedown training commenced on 30 July. The submarine—escorted by destroyer Kilty (DD-137)—departed San Francisco, California, on 4 August and arrived at San Diego, California, two days later. Between 30 July and 9 September, she conducted type training in the San Diego and San Francisco areas.

USS Kilty
USS Kilty (DD–137) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was the first ship named for Admiral Augustus Kilty.

Kilty was launched 25 April 1918 by the Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California; sponsored by Miss Elizabeth Harrison Shapley; and commissioned 17 December 1918.
Siege of Ath (1697)
The siege of Ath (15 May 1697 – 5 June 1697) was a siege of the Nine Years' War. The French stockpiled 266,000 French pounds of gunpowder for the siege and used less than half of it. Consumption of other material amounted to 34,000 pounds of lead, 27,050 cannonballs, 3,400 mortar bombs, 950 grenades and 12,000 sandbags. The financial costs were 89,250 French livres. After the garrison's capitulation, 6,000 peasant workers filled up the trenches. Of the 62 French engineers present, two were killed and seven seriously wounded. This demonstration of French military potency, combined with the successful storming of Barcelona the same year, convinced the Allies to come to terms with France in the treaty of Ryswick, thus ending the war.

The siege was hailed by contemporaries as Vauban's masterpiece and the most efficient siege ever conducted, owing to its speed, low costs and the modernity of the eight-bastion fortress, which had been designed by Vauban himself 25 years earlier.

Siege of Barcelona (1697)
The siege of Barcelona of 1697 was successfully conducted during the Nine Years' War by France. Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, commanding some 32,000 troops (reinforced with troops from the ended Italian front of the war), forced the garrison, under Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, to capitulate on 10 August. Nevertheless, it had been a hard fought contest: according to John Lynn, French casualties totalled around 9,000, while the losses on the Spanish side were 12,000 killed, wounded, or lost, although Antonio Espino López has set the figure for Spanish losses at 4,500 killed and 800 wounded, and the French casualties at 15,000, including 52 engineers.
Jamraya
Jamraya or Jemraya (Arabic: جمرايا) is a village in the Qudsaya District of Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside) in southern Syria. It lies 3 miles (5 km) to the northwest of the Syrian capital of Damascus city, beyond Mount Qasioun, and is now an outlying suburb of greater Damascus. It is between al-Hamah and Qudsaya town to the south, and Ashrafiyat al-Wadi to the north. It is about 10 miles (15 km) from the Lebanese border. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,156 in the 2004 census.

Ashrafiyat al-Wadi
Ashrafiyat al-Wadi (Arabic: أشرفية الوادي) is a village adjacent to the town of Qudsaya and just north of the Mezzeh district of Damascus in Syria. The village is administratively part of the Qudsaya District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. Nearby localities include al-Hamah to the east, the affluent suburbs of al-Sabboura and Yaafour to the west and Dahiyat Qudsaya and Jdeidat al-Wadi to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Ashrafiyat al-Wadi had a population of 2,101 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Antimicrobial stewardship
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to coordinated efforts to promote the optimal use of antimicrobial agents, including drug choice, dose, route of administration, and duration of therapy.

Every time an antimicrobial agent is used, whether or not that use is justified, it applies selective evolutionary pressure to microbial populations which can result in acquired antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance genes can then spread to other microbes in the host or their environment, including those organisms that can live on your skin or in your body where they coexist with the host. Antimicrobial use can also cause additional unintended consequences, such as disruption to the normal microbiome (i.e., dysbiosis) as well as direct toxic effects on people and animals, including damage to kidneys, liver, teeth and bones. These unintended consequences are often referred to as "collateral damage". Antimicrobial therapy is justified when the benefits outweigh these risks.

Quality management
Quality management (QM) ensures that an organization, product, or service consistently performs as intended. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. Customers recognize that quality is an important attribute when choosing and purchasing products and services. Suppliers can recognize that quality is an important differentiator of their offerings, and endeavor to compete on the quality of their products and the service they offer. Thus, quality management is focused both on product and service quality.
Heated (Big Sugar album)
Heated is the fourth album by Canadian rock band Big Sugar, released on the A&M Records label.  It was released in the United States in 1999 on Capricorn Records with an alternate album cover. The US release also includes the hit track "Diggin' a Hole" from Hemi-Vision, which was not released in the US. The album was certified Platinum in Canada, selling over 100,000 copies.

The album features a cover of Bachman–Turner Overdrive's "Let it Ride".

Hemi-Vision
Hemi-Vision is the third album by Canadian blues-rock band Big Sugar. The album was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 1997 Juno Awards.

The singles from the album were "Diggin' a Hole", "If I Had My Way", "Gone For Good", and "Opem Up Baby". The band also recorded a French language version of "Opem Up Baby", entitled "Ouvres-toi Bébé", for radio airplay in Quebec (see also Chauffe à bloc).
UFC Fight Night: Muniz vs. Allen
UFC Fight Night: Muniz vs. Allen (also known as UFC Fight Night 220, UFC on ESPN+ 78 and UFC Vegas 70) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on February 25, 2023, at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Legacy Fighting Alliance
The Legacy Fighting Alliance (LFA) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in Houston, Texas. It was created as a result of the Legacy Fighting Championship and Resurrection Fighting Alliance merger in 2016.
Manzur Qadir
Manzur Qadir (Urdu: منظور قادر; 28 November 1913 – 12 October 1974) was a Pakistani jurist and politician who served as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in the military government of Ayub Khan from 1958 to 1962. Manzur Qadir served as the Chief Justice of Lahore High Court from 1962–1963.

He was the son of Sir Abdul Qadir. He married Asghari, a daughter of Fazli Husain, a political leader of Punjab, British India. This was Asghari's second marriage. After his demise, his associate Ijaz Husain Batalvi  annually organized Mazur Qadir memorial lectures attended by hundred of thousands lawyers and judges, this practice was continued by his associate Akhtar Aly Kureshy for Ijaz Husain Batalvi memorial.

In 1962, Qadir served as the chairman of the constitutional committee which eventually formulated Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 which introduced a Presidential form of government.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs (Urdu: وزیرِ خارجہ, romanized: Wazīr-e Xārjā), simply the Foreign Minister, is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Pakistan. The minister oversees the federal government's foreign policy and International relations. Their responsibility includes representing Pakistan and its government in the international community. This position is one of the senior-most offices in the Cabinet of Pakistan. The office of the foreign minister was initially held by Liaquat Ali Khan, who also served as the country's first prime minister. Subsequently, several other prime ministers have held the additional charge of the office of the foreign minister.
Simon Idohou
Simon Bodéhoussè Idohou (born 23 May 1950) was the Permanent Representative (or Ambassador) for Benin to the United Nations from 2005 to 2006.

In the Armed Forces Health Service of Benin, Idohou was Director of the Electroradiology Service from 1991 to 1999, Director of the Armed Forces Teaching Hospital of Cotonou from 1996 to 1998, deputy director of the Armed Forces Health Service from 1999 to 2000, and Director of the Armed Forces Health Service from 2000 to 2002. He then became Director of the Centre for Medical Imaging in Cotonou in 2002, where he remained until his appointment as Permanent Representative to the UN. He presented his credentials to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 8 September 2005, replacing Joel Wassi Adechi.

As Permanent Representative, Idohou sat on the United Nations Security Council in 2005 when Benin held one of the rotating positions. He was replaced as Permanent Representative by Jean-Marie Ehouzou in 2006.

Jean-Marie Ehouzou
Jean-Marie Ehouzou (born September 1950) is a Beninese diplomat who has served as the Permanent Representative of the African Union to the United Nations Office at Geneva since 2012. Previously he was Benin's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2006 to 2008 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Benin from 2008 to 2011.
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female. The term gonochorism is usually applied in animal species, the vast majority of which are gonochoric.: 212–222

Gonochorism contrasts with simultaneous hermaphroditism but it may be hard to tell if a species is gonochoric or sequentially hermaphroditic e.g. parrotfish, Patella ferruginea. However, in gonochoric species individuals remain either male or female throughout their lives. Species that reproduce by thelytokous parthenogenesis and do not have males can still be classified as gonochoric.

Sexual system
A sexual system is a distribution of male and female functions across organisms in a species. The terms reproductive system and mating system have also been used as synonyms.

Sexual systems play a key role in genetic variation and reproductive success, and may also have led to the origin or extinction of certain species.  In flowering plants and animals, sexual reproduction involves meiosis, an adaptive process for repairing damage in the germline DNA transmitted to progeny. The distinctions between different sexual systems is not always clear due to phenotypic plasticity.

Interest in sexual systems goes back to Charles Darwin, who found that barnacles include some species that are androdioecious and some that are dioecious.
2C-H
2C-H, also known as 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2,5-DMPEA) or as DMPEA-4, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is the parent compound of the 2C drugs, which are also known as 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Finite-state transducer
A finite-state transducer (FST) is a finite-state machine with two memory tapes, following the terminology for Turing machines: an input tape and an output tape. This contrasts with an ordinary finite-state automaton, which has a single tape.  An FST is a type of finite-state automaton (FSA) that maps between two sets of symbols.  An FST is more general than an FSA.  An FSA defines a formal language by defining a set of accepted strings, while an FST defines a relation between sets of strings.

An FST will read a set of strings on the input tape and generate a set of relations on the output tape.  An FST can be thought of as a translator or relater between strings in a set.

In morphological parsing, an example would be inputting a string of letters into the FST, the FST would then output a string of morphemes.

Semiring
In abstract algebra, a semiring is an algebraic structure. Semirings are a generalization of rings, dropping the requirement that each element must have an additive inverse. At the same time, semirings are a generalization of bounded distributive lattices.

The smallest semiring that is not a ring is the two-element Boolean algebra, for instance with logical disjunction  as addition. A motivating example that is neither a ring nor a lattice is the set of natural numbers  (including zero) under ordinary addition and multiplication. Semirings are abundant because a suitable multiplication operation arises as the function composition of endomorphisms over any commutative monoid.
Rovaniemen Kiekko
Rovaniemen Kiekko, abbreviated RoKi, is an ice hockey team in the Finnish Mestis. They play in Rovaniemi, Finland at Lappi Areena, which has a 3,500 spactator capacity. RoKi was established in 1979 and is operated by RoKi Hockey Oy.

The team is affiliated with the developmental club Rovaniemen Kiekko ry, which has active sections in minor and junior ice hockey and also operates the RoKi women's team, which plays in the top-tier Naisten Liiga.

Lappi Areena
Lappi Areena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Rovaniemi, Finland which hold concerts, trade fairs and sporting events particularly ice hockey. The arena was built in 2003 and has a capacity of 4780 people for concerts and 3500 for ice hockey matches.

Lappi Areena mainly serves ice sports such as ice hockey and figure skating but also can host volleyball. It is the home arena for RoKi of the Mestis hockey league the second top league in Finland behind Liiga.
Ashburn Alley
Ashburn Alley is the open concourse behind center field at Citizens Bank Park, home of the Philadelphia Phillies. It is named after Hall of Famer Richie Ashburn, Phillies center fielder from 1948 to 1959, and was also a long time broadcaster for the Phillies from 1963 until his death in September 1997. Ashburn Alley spans from the left field gate to "The Yard" kids area, and features a "street-fair" like atmosphere before and during a game.

Ashburn Alley's name sake began while Ashburn was still playing. During the Phillies playing days at old Shibe Park, Ashburn was known for dropping bunts down the third baseline, which had slightly overgrown grass that helped the ball stay fair. A bronze statue of Ashburn lies in the center of the alley.

Cheesesteak
A cheesesteak (also known as a Philadelphia cheesesteak, Philly cheesesteak, cheesesteak sandwich,  cheese steak, or steak and cheese) is a sandwich made from thinly sliced pieces of beefsteak (often rib eye) and melted cheese in a long hoagie roll. A popular regional fast food, it has its roots in the American city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Ispringen
Ispringen is a municipality in the district of Enz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.  The name of the town was first recorded in the early Middle Ages as 'Urspringen'.  It refers to a natural spring which is the source of the Kämpfelbach, a small stream that ultimately empties into the Rhine.  The town's coat-of-arms, yellow shears on a scarlet background, allude to the town's former main industry of raising sheep.  The colours are common to communities in the area and derive from the coat-of-arms of the Grand Duchy of Baden.

Enzkreis
Enzkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈɛntskʁaɪs], Enz district) is a Landkreis (district) in the northwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Karlsruhe, Heilbronn, Ludwigsburg, Böblingen and Calw. The district-free Pforzheim area in the south is nearly completely surrounded by Enz.
1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska
The 1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Nebraska voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden by a margin of 29.4%.

With 64.70% of the popular vote, Nebraska would be Hayes' second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.

1876 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1876 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Vermont voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won Vermont by a margin of 36.92%.

With 68.30% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Hayes' strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.
Cameron Corner Survey Marker
Cameron Corner Survey Marker is a heritage-listed survey marker in the locality of Cameron Corner, Shire of Bulloo, Queensland, Australia. The survey marker is at the border corner of South-West Queensland with New South Wales and South Australia; it was established in 1880. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012.

Cooper Creek
The Cooper Creek (formerly Cooper's Creek) is a river in the Australian states of Queensland and South Australia. It was the site of the death of the explorers Burke and Wills in 1861. It is sometimes known as the Barcoo River from one of its tributaries and is one of three major Queensland river systems that flow into the Lake Eyre basin. The flow of the creek depends on monsoonal rains falling months earlier and many hundreds of kilometres away in eastern Queensland. It is 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) in length.