hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
In-gel digestion
The in-gel digestion step is a part of the sample preparation for the mass spectrometric identification of proteins in course of proteomic analysis. The method was introduced in 1992 by Rosenfeld. Innumerable modifications and improvements in the basic elements of the procedure remain.

The in-gel digestion step primarily comprises the four steps; destaining, reduction and alkylation (R&A) of the cysteines in the protein, proteolytic cleavage of the protein and extraction of the generated peptides.

Pipette
A pipette (sometimes spelled as pipet)  is a type of laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry and biology to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece glass pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes. Many pipette types work by creating a partial vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and selectively releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid. Measurement accuracy varies greatly depending on the instrument.
Tobacco industry in Pakistan
Tobacco occupies an uneasy place in Pakistan's political economy: it is a cash crop for some 75,000 farming households concentrated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the raw material for a multibillion-rupee cigarette industry dominated by two multinationals, and simultaneously the focus of intensifying public-health regulation. Together, leaf growing, primary processing and cigarette manufacturing contribute less than 1 percent to GDP, yet the Federal Board of Revenue routinely counts on cigarettes for 10–12 percent of excise receipts, revenue that has shaped policy just as surely as WHO advice and civil-society pressure.

Around 60 percent of market share is held by Pakistan Tobacco Company and Philip Morris Pakistan.

Mardan District
Mardan District (Pashto: مردان ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع مردان) is a district in the Mardan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district is named after Mardan city, which is also the headquarters of the district. The district is famous for its agriculture industry and its archaeological sites, specifically of Takht-i-Bhai, Jamal Garhi and Sawal Dher.

The main tribe of Mardan is Yusufzai, that contribute more than half of the district population, there are also the more minor settled tribes such as the Mohmand, Utmankhel, Tareen, Awan, and Khalil.
Tommy Searle
Tommy Searle (born 13 June 1989) is an English professional motocross and supercross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 2005 to 2008 and competed in the AMA Motocross Championships in 2009 and 2010. He returned to the Motocross World Championships from 2011 to 2019. Searle is a three-time MX2 World vice-champion & a four-time British Motocross Champion. His fourteen MX2 Grand Prix victories make him Britain's most successful MX2 rider and ranks third in total victories across all classes to multiple world champions David Thorpe and Jeff Smith.

Jeff Smith (motorcyclist)
Jeffrey Vincent Smith (born 1 January 1934) is an English former professional motorcycle racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1954 to 1969 as a member of the BSA factory racing team.

Smith's achievements in motorcycle racing include two FIM 500cc Motocross World Championships (1964, 1965), two British Trials Championships, four individual race wins in the Motocross des Nations, one Scottish Six Days Trial win and eight ISDT Gold Medals. In 1970, Smith was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) and in 2000 he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame.
Delta State University, Abraka
The Delta State University, Abraka - popularly known as DELSU - is a State government-owned university in Nigeria with the main campus located at Abraka, Delta State and its sub-campus at Oleh.

The Oleh campus was established with the 1995 Amended Edict. The university is a multiple-campus university having two campuses within a distance of about 52 km apart. Currently, with a student population of about 22,000 (in the 2019/2020 session), the university offers a range of programmes from the full-time certificate, diploma and degree programmes to part-time evening and weekend degree programmes. DELSU offers postgraduate studies up to a doctoral level.

DELSU owns a staff/student counselling centre, an e-learning centre, student accommodation and sporting facilities amidst other infrastructures. It is one of over twenty-five state-owned universities which are overseen and accredited by the National Universities Commission.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
Rosen Peak
Rosen Peak (79°19′S 83°21′W﻿ / ﻿79.317°S 83.350°W﻿ / -79.317; -83.350) is a peak rising to 1220 m in the south part of Gross Hills, Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2004) after Lawrence C. Rosen, a geologist on the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) Ellsworth Mountains expedition of 1979–80.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 1973–74
The Australian cricket team toured New Zealand in the 1973-74 season to play a three-match Test series against New Zealand. The series was drawn 1-1. It was the first time New Zealand had beaten Australia in a Test match, and the first time they had won a Test match since 1969.

Ashley Woodcock
Ashley James Woodcock (born 27 February 1947) is a former Australian cricketer who played in one Test match and one One Day International in 1974. A right-handed batsman from Adelaide, he played for South Australia in Australian domestic cricket between 1967 and 1979, captaining the state in his latter years.
James Jacobus Roosevelt
James Jacobus Roosevelt (October 25, 1759 – August 13, 1840) was an American businessman from New York City who was a member of the prominent Roosevelt family and a paternal great-grandfather of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.

Roosevelt family
The Roosevelt family is an American political family and dynasty from New York whose members have included two United States presidents, a first lady, and various merchants, bankers, politicians, inventors, clergymen, artists, and socialites. The progeny of a mid-17th-century Dutch immigrant to New Amsterdam, many Roosevelts became nationally prominent in New York State and City politics and business and intermarried with prominent colonial families. Two distantly related branches of the family from Oyster Bay and Hyde Park, New York, rose to global political prominence with the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909) and his fifth cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945), whose wife, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, was Theodore's niece. The Roosevelt family is one of four families to have produced two presidents of the United States by the same surname; the others were the Adams, Bush, and Harrison families.
Baby Shark
"Baby Shark" is a children's song associated with a dance involving hand movements, dating back to the late 20th century. "Baby Shark" became immensely popular when Pinkfong, a South Korean entertainment company, released a version of the song on June 17, 2016, with a YouTube music video which went viral on social media, in online videos, and on the radio. In November 2020, Pinkfong's version became the most-viewed YouTube video of all time, after gaining 7.04 billion views. In January 2022, it became the first YouTube video to reach 10 billion views.

Music at sporting events
The use of music at sporting events is thousands of years old, and has recently become popular again. Some sports have specific traditions about pieces of music played at particular events. Others have made the presentation of music very specific to the team—even to particular players. Music may be used to build the energy of the fans, and may also be introduced in ways that are less directly connected with the action in a sporting event.
Nindowari
Nindowari (Balochi: نندو ڈَمب, Urdu: نندارہ) also known as Nindo Damb, is an archaeological site associated with the Kulli culture, dating back to Chalcolithic period. It is located in the Khuzdar District of Balochistan, Pakistan, approximately 240 kilometres (150 mi) northwest of Karachi. The site lies on the right bank of the Kud River, a tributary of the Porali River. Excavations at Nindowari indicate that the area was initially inhabited by the Harappans, with subsequent occupation by the Kulli civilisation. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Kulli culture may have developed as a regional variant or offshoot of the Harappan civilisation, reflecting cultural continuity and interaction between these prehistoric societies.

Khuzdar District
Khuzdar (Balochi: هزدارء‍ِ دمگ‎; Urdu and Brahui: ضلع خضدار) is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The city of Khuzdar serves as the district's headquarters.

Until its establishment as a district in  1974 it was part of Kalat District. In November 1992 part of the territory of Khuzdar was split off to form the new district of Awaran.
Lloyd J. Beall
Lloyd James Beall (October 19, 1808 – November 10, 1887) was a Confederate military officer who served with the Confederate States Marine Corps. He attained the rank of colonel and served as the Commandant of the Confederate States Marine Corps from May 23, 1861, to April 9, 1865.

École de cavalerie, Saumur
The École de cavalerie (French pronunciation: [ekɔl də kavalʁi], Cavalry School) is a French military training establishment at Saumur in Western France. Originally set up to train the cavalry of the French Army, it now trains the troops of France's Arme blindée et cavalerie (Armoured Cavalry Arm) in reconnaissance and armoured warfare.
Chapman Stick
The Chapman Stick is an electric musical instrument devised by Emmett Chapman in the early 1970s. A member of the guitar family, the Chapman Stick usually has ten or twelve individually tuned strings and is used to play bass lines, melody lines, chords, or textures. Designed as a fully polyphonic chordal instrument, it can also cover several of these musical parts simultaneously.

The Stick is available with passive or active pickup modules that are plugged into a separate instrument amplifier. With a special synthesizer pickup, it can be used to trigger synthesizers and send MIDI messages to electronic instruments.

All fifths tuning
Among guitar tunings, all-fifths tuning refers to the set of tunings in which each interval between consecutive open strings is a perfect fifth. All-fifths tuning is also called fifths,  perfect fifths, or mandoguitar. The conventional "standard tuning" consists of perfect fourths and a single major third between the g and b strings:

E-A-d-g-b-e'

All-fifths tuning has the set of open strings

C-G-d-a-e'-b' or G'-D-A-e-b-f♯',

which have intervals of 3 octaves minus a half-step between the lowest and highest string. The conventional tuning has an interval of 2 octaves between lowest and highest string.

All-fifths tuning is a tuning in intervals of perfect fifths like that of a mandolin or a violin. It has a wide range. It was used by jazz guitarist Carl Kress in the form

B♭'-F-c-g-d'-a'.
Four-line wrasse
The four-line wrasse, Larabicus quadrilineatus, is a species of wrasse native to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.  It can be found on coral reefs at depths from the surface to 15 m (49 ft).  Juveniles are cleaner fish, while the adults feed on coral polyps.  This species grows to 11.5 cm (4.5 in) in total length.  This species is the only known member of its genus.

Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies.

They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and Heliofungia actiniformis.
Tom Spahn
Thomas G. Spahn (born July 30, 1955) is a three-time Emmy Award-winning composer, Synthesizer Programmer for the 1996 Grammy Award nominated album by Eartha Kitt, "Back in  Business", another Emmy Nomination in 2001 for Mastering Dizzy South America Tour, is an American musician  born in Park Forest, Illinois, and currently residing in New York City. Spahn is a longtime musical director and arranger and has worked with numerous musicians and composers on myriad projects, performances and recordings.

Park Forest, Illinois
Park Forest is a village and south suburb of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States, with a small southern portion in Will County. The village was originally designed by Loebl Schlossman & Bennett as a planned community for veterans returning from World War II. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 21,687.

Park Forest is bordered by Olympia Fields to the north, Chicago Heights to the east, University Park to the south, and Richton Park and Matteson to the west. The village has multiple public and private schools. In addition to the arts and culture scene including Tall Grass Arts Association and the Illinois Theatre Center, residents also have access to a myriad of recreational opportunities for both children and adults such as the Park Forest Aqua Center.
Seiichi Iju
Seiichi Iju (伊集 盛一, Iju Seiichi), also known as Selichl Ishu was an Okinawan martial artist. He studied Shitō-ryū karate as a student of Shinpan Gusukuma. Iju had a dojo in Osaka, Japan. He was the first teacher of Shūgorō Nakazato (from 1935 to 1940), who then went on to become a student of Chosin Chibana. The version of Gojūshiho kata practiced in Shōrin-ryū Shorinkan is credited to Iju and his lineage. The rest of Shōrin-ryū Shorinkan katas are derived from Chosin Chibana's lineage.

Shinpan Gusukuma
Shinpan Gusukuma (城間 真繁, Shiroma Shinpan; 1890–1954), read as Shinpan Shiroma in Japanese, was an Okinawan martial artist who studied Shōrin-ryū karate as a student of Ankō Itosu. Gusukuma also trained under Higaonna Kanryō in the Naha-te style. Gusukuma went on to establish Shitō-ryū with Kenwa Mabuni.
Allium sinaiticum
Allium sinaiticum is a species of flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is a wild onion found in sandy areas in Israel, Sinai, Palestine, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. It is a small, bulb-forming perennial; flowers have white tepals with green midveins.

Wild onion
Wild onion can refer to

any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:
Allium bisceptrum
Allium canadense
Allium tricoccum
Allium validum
Allium vineale
Allium ochotense

Asphodelus tenuifolius

Cyperus bulbosus

Bulbine semibarbata
Dirty Harry novels
Dirty Harry novels include film novelizations and original tie-ins based on the Dirty Harry film franchise. Like the films, the novels portray Inspector "Dirty Harry" Callahan as he ruthlessly fights criminals.

Novelizations of the first four films, Dirty Harry, Magnum Force, The Enforcer, and Sudden Impact, were published between 1971 and 1983. Additionally, after star Clint Eastwood announced he would make no further Dirty Harry films after The Enforcer, Warner Books published twelve new novels attributed to Dane Hartman, a collective pen name used by at least three authors, between 1981 and 1983.

Novelization
A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, stage play, comic book, or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent of home video, but continue to find commercial success as part of marketing campaigns for major films. They are often written by accomplished writers based on an early draft of the film's script and on a tight deadline.
Umm Al Qahab
Umm Al Qahab (Arabic: أم القهاب‎) is a village in western Qatar located in the municipality of Al Khor. The village lies close to Umm Birka. It is one of many scattered villages to the north-west of Al Thakhira.

Al Thakhira
Al Thakhira (Arabic: الذخيرة, romanized: Adh Dhakhīrah, lit. 'provision') is a town on the coast of the Al Khor municipality in Qatar, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northeast of the city of Al Khor and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from the capital Doha.

Al Thakhira developed in close connection with Al Khor, with both towns traditionally associated with the Al Muhannadi tribe, who settled the region in the mid-18th century. As with other coastal communities in Qatar, its early inhabitants depended on pearling and fishing as their main sources of livelihood.
Sparkasse Hagen
Sparkasse Hagen is the Sparkasse of Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, serving the greater Hagen area. Its former main office, the Sparkasse Hagen Tower, was a regional landmark until its demolition in 2004.

Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
The Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe ("Savings Banks Financial Group") is a network of public banks that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and Europe by assets. Its name refers to local government-controlled savings banks that are known in German as Sparkasse, plural Sparkassen. Its activity is overwhelmingly located in Germany.
Glycol ethers
Glycol ethers are a class of chemical compounds consisting of alkyl ethers that are based on glycols such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. They are commonly used as solvents in paints and cleaners. They have good solvent properties while having higher boiling points than the lower-molecular-weight ethers and alcohols.

Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound (a vicinal diol) with the formula (CH2OH)2. It is mainly used for two purposes: as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, flammable, viscous liquid. It has a sweet taste but is toxic in high concentrations. This molecule has been observed in outer space.
Alfonso XII and María Cristina
Alfonso XII and María Cristina or Where Are You Going, Sad Man? (Spanish: ¿Dónde vas triste de ti?) is a 1960 Spanish historical drama film directed by Alfonso Balcázar and Guillermo Cases and starring Vicente Parra and Marga López as Alfonso XII of Spain and his second wife Maria Christina of Austria.

The film is the sequel to Where Are You Going, Alfonso XII? with Vicente Parra, José Marco Davó and Tomás Blanco reprising their roles from the previous film as Alfonso XII, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and the Duque de Sesto respectively. María Fernanda Ladrón de Guevara replaced Mercedes Vecino as Isabella II.

Similar in style to the German Sissi film series, it was very popular but led to Vicente Parra's typecasting.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Enrique Alarcón.

Maria Christina of Austria
Maria Christina Henriette Desideria Felicitas Raineria of Austria (Spanish: María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena; 21 July 1858 – 6 February 1929) was Queen of Spain as the second wife of Alfonso XII. She was queen regent during the vacancy of the throne between her husband's death in November 1885 and the birth of their son Alfonso XIII in May 1886, and subsequently also until her son came of age in May 1902.
Mootaz Jounaidi
Mootaz Bellah Mohamad Ahmad Mohamad El Jounaidi (Arabic: معتز بالله محمد أحمد محمد الجنيدي; born 26 September 1986) is a Lebanese former professional footballer who played as a centre-back for the Lebanon national team and Ansar, among other club sides.

2006–07 Lebanese Premier League
The Lebanese Premier League 2006–07 season was the 46th season in the Lebanese Premier League. Al-Ansar won the 13th and so far latest title in the Lebanese Premier League by flying to the end of the season, 4 points clear of the nearest team, Safa Sporting Club and winning 2 consecutive titles.
Perisesarma guttatum
Perisesarma guttatum, the red-claw mangrove crab, is a crab species in the genus Perisesarma and the family Sesarmidae. It is distributed in coastal brackish water habitats of the western Indian Ocean.

Sesarmidae
The Sesarmidae are a family of crabs, previously included in the Grapsidae by many authors. Several species, namely in Geosesarma, Metopaulias, and Sesarma, are true terrestrial crabs. They do not need to return to the sea even for breeding.
Greg McGirr
John Joseph Gregory McGirr (11 October 1879 – 23 March 1949) was an Australian politician who served in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1913 to 1925, representing the Labor Party. He served as the party's leader (and Leader of the Opposition) for little over a month in 1923, during an internal dispute. He had earlier served as deputy leader and as Minister for Public Health under James Dooley.

Minister for Health (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Minister for Health  is a minister in the New South Wales Government and has responsibilities which includes all hospitals, health services, and medical research in New South Wales, Australia.

Together they administer the health portfolio through the Health cluster, including the Ministry of Health, its Office of Medical Research, and a range of other government agencies, including local health districts and the NSW Ambulance service.

Ultimately, the ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Nina Bang
Nina Henriette Wendeline Bang née Ellinger (6 October 1866 – 25 March 1928) was a Danish social democratic politician and historian. In 1924 she was appointed Minister for Education, becoming one of the world's first female ministers. She resigned as minister in 1926.

Minister of Education (Denmark)
Minister of Education of Denmark (Danish: Undervisningsminister, pronounced [ˈɔnɐˌviˀsne̝ŋsmiˌnistɐ]), is a Danish minister office currently held by Mattias Tesfaye in the second cabinet of Mette Frederksen.

The office was created in 1916 when the post Kultus Minister was split up into the posts of Minister of Education and Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs. Upon the accession of the first cabinet of Helle Thorning-Schmidt on 3 October 2011 the title was changed from Minister of Education to Minister of Children and Education and on 9 August 2013 the title was changed back to Minister of Education.