hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nirmal Kumar Bose
Nirmal Kumar Bose (22 January 1901 – 15 October 1972) was an Indian anthropologist, who
played a formative role in "building an Indian Tradition in Anthropology".  A humanist scholar with a range of interests, he was also a leading sociologist, urbanist, Gandhian, and educationist.  Also active in the Indian freedom struggle with Mahatma Gandhi, he was imprisoned in 1931 during the Salt Satyagraha.

Gandhians
The followers of Mahatma Gandhi, one of the prominent figure of the Indian independence movement, are called Gandhians.

Gandhi's legacy includes a wide range of ideas ranging from his dream of ideal India, those being environmentalism, women's rights, animal rights, spirituality, truth, nonviolence, asceticism, among others. Thus Gandhians hailing from a wide range of work profile attribute their ideas to him.

An overwhelming number of Bharat Ratna awardees are such individuals. In a 2012 poll called The Greatest Indian, the jury decided to keep Gandhi out as it "is impossible for anyone to come close to the father of the nation when it comes to leadership, impact and contribution". The poll included as many as 10 individuals in top 20 who were either close aides, disciples, successors or Gandhian ideologues.
Karl Eric Holm
Lieutenant General Karl Eric Holm (3 June 1919 – 27 July 2016) was a Swedish Army officer. His senior commands include Chief of the Army Staff and the General Staff Corps (1968–1972), military commander of the Southern Military District (1972–1980) and the Chief of Home Guard (1981–1983).

Fänrik
Fänrik (Swedish: [ˈfɛ̌nːrɪk]) (English: second lieutenant in the Swedish Army/Air Force, Acting sub-lieutenant in the Navy) is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above sergeant and below lieutenant. In the navy, it ranks above sergeant and below sub-lieutenant. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of översergeant. Fänrik means standard-bearer and has been used as a name for the lowest officer rank in the Swedish infantry since the 16th century, with the exception of the years 1835–1914.
2014–15 Central Arkansas Bears basketball team
The 2014–15 Central Arkansas Bears basketball team represented the University of Central Arkansas during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bears were led by head coach Russ Pennell and played their home games at the Farris Center. They were members of the Southland Conference.

The Bears were picked to finish 12th in the Southland Conference Coaches' Poll and 11th in the Sports Information Director's Poll. They finished the season 2–27, 2–16 in conference, to finish in 13th and last place.  Due to APR penalties, they were not eligible for postseason play, including the Southland Tournament.

The team played the season with a roster made up of mostly freshmen, and point guard Jordan Howard was named the Southland Conference Freshman of the Year.

Russ Pennell
Russell Edwin Pennell (born November 28, 1960) is an American basketball coach, who was last the head coach for the University of Central Arkansas.

Pennell was born in Pittsburg, Kansas and graduated from Pittsburg High School.  He played college basketball at the University of Arkansas and at the University of Central Arkansas, where he was two-year starter at point guard.  Pennell later received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Pittsburg State University.
Propositional formula
In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed. If the values of all variables in a propositional formula are given, it determines a unique truth value. A propositional formula may also be called a propositional expression, a sentence, or a sentential formula.

A propositional formula is constructed from simple propositions, such as "five is greater than three" or propositional variables such as p and q, using connectives or logical operators such as NOT, AND, OR, or IMPLIES; for example:

(p AND NOT q) IMPLIES (p OR q).

In mathematics, a propositional formula is often more briefly referred to as a "proposition", but, more precisely, a propositional formula is not a proposition but a formal expression that denotes a proposition, a formal object under discussion, just like an expression such as "x + y" is not a value, but denotes a value. In some contexts, maintaining the distinction may be of importance.

Domain of discourse
In the formal sciences, the domain of discourse or universe of discourse (borrowing from the mathematical concept of universe) is the set of entities over which certain variables of interest in some formal treatment may range.

It is also defined as the collection of objects being discussed in a specific discourse.
In model-theoretical semantics, a universe of discourse is the set of entities that a model is based on.

The domain of discourse is usually identified in the preliminaries, so that there is no need in the further treatment to specify each time the range of the relevant variables. Many logicians distinguish, sometimes only tacitly, between the domain of a science and the universe of discourse of a formalization of the science.

In mathematics, the concept is distinguished from a universe, which is some set internal to a set theory, whereas a domain of discourse is metamathematical, allowing one to speak of the universe of sets or collection of all classes in a formal way.
Super League Super 8s
The Super League Super 8s are the second stage of the Super League season as part of the Super 8s. Super League is officially known as Super League Europe and it is the top-level of the British rugby league system.

Rugby League Super 8s
The Rugby League Super 8s are a feature of the British rugby league system.  Between 2015 and 2018 they were played in the top three professional divisions. Following the completion of the regular season home-and-away fixtures in the Super League, the Championship and League One, teams split into smaller divisions of eight based on their finishing positions on the league table; the teams then played an additional fixture against each of the seven other teams in their division to determine the final standings.

The Super 8s were scheduled to return from the 2025 season and determine promotion and relegation between the Championship and League One. However, in August 2025 the Rugby Football League decided to merge the Championship and League One from 2026 and the Super 8s were therefore no longer needed.
UAAP Season 69 men's basketball tournament
The men's basketball tournaments of UAAP Season 69 (A.Y. 2006-07) started on July 8, 2006 at the Araneta Coliseum and ended on October 2, 2006 also at the same venue with the UST Growling Tigers defeating the Ateneo Blue Eagles in the third game of their Finals series. Ateneo finished first in the elimination round. They eliminated the Adamson Soaring Falcons, who are in their Final Four debut, in the semifinals. UST finished tied for third in the eliminations and had to beat the 2nd seed UE Red Warriors twice in order to qualify at the Finals.

2005 losing finalists De La Salle Green Archers were suspended when it was revealed that two players used spurious documents to enter college. All of their wins from 2003 to 2005 were also forfeited. La Salle's suspension also caused the suspension of the 2005 juniors champions De La Salle Junior Archers. All La Salle teams would return in the 2007 season.

UAAP Season 69
UAAP Season 69 was the 2006–07 season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).
The University of the East was the season host with the theme “Achieving Excellence in Sports Through Unity, Harmony and Commitment.” The season started with basketball competition on July 8, 2006 at the Araneta Coliseum.
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The competition took place on August 3, 1936, with 27 competitors from 16 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by Karl Hein of Germany. The silver medal went to Erwin Blask, also of Germany. They were the first medals for Germany in the event; Germany was also the first country other than the United States to have two medalists in the event in the same Games. Fred Warngård of Sweden took bronze. The United States' eight-Games medal streak in the hammer throw was snapped, with the Americans' best result being William Rowe's fifth place.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics
At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, 29 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 6 for women. The program of events was unchanged from the previous Games.  There was a total of 776 participants from 43 countries competing.
Zhenluoying
Zhenluoying Town (simplified Chinese: 镇罗营镇; traditional Chinese: 鎮羅營鎮; pinyin: Zhènluōyíng Zhèn) is a town situated on the northern end of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides except the west. The town lies to the south of Dachengzi Town, west of Erdaohezi Town, north of Huangsongyu and Xiong'erzhai Townships, and east of Dahuashan Town. As of 2020, it had 7,610 people residing within its borders.

The origin of its name can be traced back to 1544, when Ming dynasty defeated and captured a group of Doyan raiders from Northern Yuan. The captured Mongols were kept in a garrison in this region, which was named Zhenluying (Chinese: 镇虏营; lit. 'Subdue Captive Barrack'). The name later evolved into Zhenluoying of today during the Qing dynasty.

Pinggu, Beijing
Pinggu District (Chinese: 平谷区; pinyin: Pínggǔ Qū), formerly Pinggu County (平谷县), lies in the far east of Beijing Municipality. It has an area of 950 km2 (370 sq mi) and a population of 457,313 (2020 Census). The district is subdivided into 2 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 2 townships. It borders the Beijing districts of Miyun and Shunyi to the north and west, respectively, Tianjin's Jizhou District to the southeast, and in Hebei province, Xinglong County and Sanhe to the northeast and south, respectively.
Ground vibrations
Ground vibrations is a technical term that is being used to describe mostly man-made vibrations of the ground, in contrast to natural vibrations of the Earth studied by seismology. For example, vibrations caused by explosions, construction works, railway and road transport, etc. - all belong to ground vibrations.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Hilde Marie Kjersem
Hilde Marie Kjersem, also known as Marie Munroe, (born 27 April 1981 in Ålesund, Norway) is a Norwegian artist, musician and songwriter signed to Warner Music Norway. She started out as a jazz musician, but has had an organic and natural development towards the world of pop. In January 2016, Marie Munroe released her fourth solo album called Under My Skin. Munroe har been nominated for two Norwegian Grammy Awards (Spellemannprisen), and has collaborated with Sivert Høyem and Jarle Bernhoft, among others.

Jon Eberson
Jon Arild Eberson (born 6 January 1953) is a Norwegian jazz guitarist and composer, the son of jazz guitarist Leif Eberson (1925–1970), and the father of keyboardist Marte Maaland Eberson. He was a member of the bands Moose Loose (1973–77), Radka Toneff Quintet (1975–80), and Blow Out (1977–78).
821 series
The 821 series (821系) is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) in Japan since March 2019. Two three-car trains were delivered in February 2018 for testing in preparation for full production and entry into revenue service. There are currently 7 three-car trains in service.

Kyushu Railway Company
The Kyushu Railway Company, also referred to as JR Kyushu (JR九州, Jeiāru Kyūshū), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates intercity rail services within Kyushu, Japan. It formerly operated the Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea, before its discontinuation in 2024. It also operates hotels, restaurants, and drugstores across its service region. JR Kyushu's headquarters are in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka.
Waldhaus Sils
Waldhaus Sils is a historic five-star hotel in Sils-Maria, in the Upper Engadine region of Switzerland. Opened in 1908, it has been continuously operated by the same family for five generations, making it one of the few Swiss grand hotels still in original family ownership.

Sils im Engadin/Segl
Sils im Engadin/Segl (German: Sils im Engadin; Romansh Seglⓘ), often also as Sils i.E./Segl, is a municipality and village in the Maloja Region, Upper Engadine in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

It consists of two villages, Segl Maria (Romansh, German: Sils Maria; Seglias is part of Segl Maria) and Segl Baselgia (German: Sils Baselgia; Baselgia is Romansh for church); the Val Fex (German: Fextal); and three Maiensässe (Alpine pastures traditionally used for spring grazing): Grevasalvas, Blaunca and Buaira, above Plaun da Lej on the left side of the valley.
Maccabi Healthcare Services
Maccabi Healthcare Services (Hebrew: מכבי שירותי בריאות, formerly Maccabi Fund for the Ill, Hebrew: קופת חולים מכבי), known as Kupat Holim Maccabi, is one of the four Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) currently active in Israel. It was founded in September 1940 and began operating in August 1941. Since 1995 Maccabi has been operating under the National Health Insurance Law. Membership fees for HMOs in Israel are legally determined and are collected from those entitled to membership by the Institute for National Insurance.

Health maintenance organization
In the United States, a health maintenance organization (HMO) is a medical insurance group that provides health services for a fixed annual fee. It is an organization that provides or arranges managed care for health insurance, self-funded health care benefit plans, individuals, and other entities, acting as a liaison with health care providers (hospitals, doctors, etc.) on a prepaid basis. The US Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 required employers with 25 or more employees to offer federally certified HMO options if the employer offers traditional healthcare options. Unlike traditional indemnity insurance, an HMO covers care rendered by those doctors and other professionals who have agreed by contract to treat patients in accordance with the HMO's guidelines and restrictions in exchange for a steady stream of customers. HMOs cover emergency care regardless of the health care provider's contracted status.
Stedman, California
34°37′47″N 116°10′05″W﻿ / ﻿34.62972°N 116.16806°W﻿ / 34.62972; -116.16806

Stedman, also known as Copenhagen, is a ghost town in the Bagdad-Chase area of the Mojave Desert, located in San Bernardino County, California. Stedman, which sits near the end of Bagdad Chase Road, is approximately 2 miles south of Ragtown, 2 miles north of Pacific Mesa, and 8 miles south of Ludlow. Stedman's camp superintendent was Edward H. Stagg.

Ludlow, California
Ludlow is an unincorporated community in the Mojave Desert on Interstate 40, located in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The older remains of the ghost town are along historic Route 66.
April 1555 conclave
The April 1555 papal conclave (5–9 April) was convoked after the death of Pope Julius III. The cardinals at the conclave generally grouped themselves into three major factions, according to their alignment with the French House of Valois, the Habsburgs, or Italian states that remained independent of both major Catholic powers. After preparing a conclave capitulation that compelled whichever cardinal was elected pope to maintain neutrality in European wars, cardinals from the Holy Roman Empire joined in supporting the French faction's candidate, Cardinal Marcello Cervini. Cervini was elected Julius's successor, and chose to maintain his baptismal (birth) name as his papal name, becoming consecrated as Marcellus II.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent bishop is Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. For centuries, its bishop has been the dean of the College of Cardinals. Its cathedral is Santa Aurea.

From 1105 to 1914, the diocese was merged with the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri. In 1962, the Diocese of Ostia was brought under the direct administration of the Diocese of Rome. Its territory is restricted to the single cathedral parish of Santa Aurea.
Kadirkamam Assembly constituency
Kadirkamam (or Kadirgamam) is a legislative assembly constituency in the Union territory of Puducherry in India. Kathirkamam Assembly constituency is part of Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency. It comprises wards 25-27, 35, and 36 of the Ozhukarai municipality. As of 2021, its representative is S. Ramesh of the All India N.R. Congress party.

Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency
Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency  covers the entire Union Territory of Puducherry. Pondicherry became a union territory after the implementation of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1962 and changed its name to Puducherry in 2006. This constituency first held elections in 1967 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Thirumudi N. Sethuraman of the Indian National Congress.
Samuel Sené
Samuel Sené is a French theatre director, musical director, pianist, and conductor.

He won four French Musical Theatre Awards (TCM): Best Director and Best Author for his musicals Comédiens! in 2018 and L'Homme de Schrödinger in 2019.

Jules Verne Awards
The Jules Verne Awards were a set of annual film awards, awarded from 1992 to 2012 in Paris, France. The awards are for "celebrating achievements in arts, exploration, and conservation, in the tradition of French writer Jules Verne".
Phrynobatrachus parkeri
Phrynobatrachus parkeri is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to the west-central and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is only known from a few widely separated localities. It is similar to Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope, 1867), and it might be a synonym of the latter. The specific name parkeri honors Hampton Wildman Parker, an English zoologist and herpetologist. Common name Parker's river frog has been coined for it.

Phrynobatrachus
Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.

Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.
Anders Ruhwald
Anders Herwald Ruhwald is a Danish-American sculptor. He works primarily in clay, a medium he has been drawn to since he was 15. Ruhwald's work blends references from functional objects to classical sculpture and can take the form of singular objects as well as immersive installations In 2024 he was awarded a fellowshipin Fine Arts from The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.

Glenn Adamson
Glenn Adamson (born 1972) is an American curator, author, and historian whose work focuses on design, craft, and contemporary art. He has been director of the Museum of Arts and Design, head of research at the Victoria and Albert Museum, and a curator at the Chipstone Foundation.

He is Curator at Large at the Vitra Design Museum, Artistic Director of Design Doha, a founding editor of Journal of Modern Craft, and since 2024, the curatorial director of Design Miami.
3-Pyrrolylethylamine
3-Pyrrolylethylamine (3-NEA or 2-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethylamine) is a chemical compound of the arylalkylamine family. It can be thought of as the analogue of tryptamine (2-indolylethylamine) in which the benzene component of the indole ring has been removed, leaving only a pyrrole ring.

The compound is also related to other arylalkylamines as well as trace amines including phenethylamine (2-phenylethylamine), 2-furylethylamine, thiopropamine (1-(2-thienyl)-2-aminopropane), and isocyclamine (cyclopentanylaminopropane), among others. Many of these compounds are monoamine releasing agents and/or reuptake inhibitors.

3-NEA was first described in the scientific literature by 1965.

Pyrrole
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., N-methylpyrrole, C4H4NCH3. Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme.

Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrinogens and products derived therefrom, including porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and chlorophylls.
Transgender rights in Brazil
Transgender rights in Brazil include the right to change one's legal name and sex without the need of surgery or professional evaluation, and the right to sex reassignment surgery provided by Brazil's public health service, the Sistema Único de Saúde.

Receita Federal do Brasil
The Special Department of Federal Revenue of Brazil (Portuguese: Secretaria Especial da Receita Federal do Brasil), most commonly referred to as Receita Federal (RFB), is the Brazilian federal revenue service agency and a secretariat of the Ministry of the Economy. The bureau has the role of administering tax collection and the customs of Brazil. It also controls tax noncompliance, smuggling, piracy and drug trafficking.