hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harrison & Sons Collection
The Harrison & Sons Collection is a collection of postage stamps of Egypt and Palestine that forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections. The collection is mainly of the Egypt 1921–22 issue and the Palestine 1927–45 issue and was donated by De La Rue plc in 2002.

British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.
Woltemade Cross for Bravery, Silver
The Woltemade Cross for Bravery, Silver, post-nominal letters WDS, is the lesser of two classes of a South African civil decoration for acts of bravery. It replaced the Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery, Silver, Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Silver and Woltemade Decoration for Bravery, Silver, all of which ranked on par with each other and the award of which had been discontinued in 1952, 1961 and 1988 respectively.

Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery, Silver
The Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery, Silver is the lesser of two classes of a South African civil decoration for acts of bravery that was in use from 1939 to 1952, when the country was a constitutional monarchy in the British Commonwealth. The medal was instituted by King George VI on 23 June 1939.
Teocelo
Teocelo is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, located 20 km from Jalapa-Enríquez on Federal Highway 180. It is bordered by: Ixhuacán, Xico, and Coatepec. The coffee of Teocelo is among the best coffees produced in Mexico.

Surrounded by scenic mountainous terrain, the area has been featured in a number of popular American films.  Scenes from "Romancing The Stone" and "Clear and Present Danger" were filmed nearby at the well-known Cascada de Texolo.

Xico, Veracruz
Xico pronunciationⓘ (Spanish pronunciation: ['xi.ko]) is a city and municipality located in the central part of the Mexican state of Veracruz. It produces coffee, tropical fruit, wine, handicrafts, and other products. A regional special dish is their variant of mole known as Mole Xico or Xiqueño  which consists of 25+ ingredients and is comparatively sweeter to other dark moles such as mole poblano due to the use of more fruits. It is 25 km from the state capital Xalapa.
Every year in July, Xico has a very large bullfighting event. In 2006, Veracruz Governor Fidel Herrera attended the event.

In 2011, Xico earned the designation of Pueblo Mágico from Mexico's federal tourism sector.

Three kilometres outside the town is Cascada de Texolo.
Stephanie White de Goede
Stephanie White was the first captain of the Canada women's national rugby union team in 1987, co-captained the national team at the first Women's Rugby World Cup in 1991, captained the team at the second World Cup in 1994, and also captained the first participating Canada women's national rugby sevens team in the Hong Kong Sevens invitational tournament in 1997.

Rugby Canada
Rugby Canada is the national governing body for the sport of rugby union in Canada.  Rugby Canada was incorporated in 1974, and stems from the Canadian Rugby Football Union, a body established in 1884 that now governs amateur Canadian football as Football Canada; and the now-defunct Rugby Union of Canada, established in 1929.  Rugby Canada administers the Canada national rugby union team and sanctions the Rugby Canada National Junior Championship, a national competition for under-20 men's teams. It previously sanctioned the Super League as the premier level of men's competition in the country, but scrapped that league after the Americas Rugby Championship was created in 2009 as a two-stage competition in which the first involved only Canadian teams.
African Americans in Tennessee
African Americans are the second largest census "race" category in the state of Tennessee after whites,  making up 17% of the state's population in 2010. African Americans arrived in the region prior to statehood. They lived both as slaves and as free citizens with restricted rights up to the Civil War.

The state, and particularly the major cities of Memphis and Nashville, have been important sites in African-American culture and the Civil Rights Movement. The majority of African Americans in Tennessee reside in the western part of the state, which had a concentration of large cotton plantations in the antebellum period. Many freedmen stayed in the region after emancipation and the abolition of slavery. Historically there have been much smaller Black populations in the Middle Tennessee and East Tennessee (Appalachian) regions, because of the different geography and agricultural patterns.

Montgomery County, Tennessee
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 220,069. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Clarksville. The county was created in 1796. Montgomery County is included in the Clarksville, TN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jonathan Lear
Jonathan David Lear (October 9, 1948 – September 22, 2025) was an American philosopher and psychoanalyst. He was the John U. Nef Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago and served as the Roman Family Director of the Neubauer Collegium for Culture and Society from 2014 to 2022.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Sita Kund, Motihari
Sita Kund (Maithili: सीता कुंड) in Motihari is a legendary sacred pond related to the Indian epic Ramayana. According to legend, it is believed that during the Treta Yuga, Lord Rama's wedding procession (Ram Baraat) stopped at this place in Motihari and took rest for a night. It is located at outskirts of Motihari town at Vedivan (Bedivan) Madhuban Panchayat in the Chakiya block of the East Champaran district in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. In the ancient, the village was in the Videha Kingdom ruled by King Janaka. It is believed that the princess Sita of Mithila took her bath in this pond during her stay at this village.

East Champaran district
East Champaran district or Purvi Champaran district is an administrative district in the Tirhut division of the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarter is located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single Champaran District. On 1 December 1971, it was divided into East and West Champaran (Purvi and Paschimi Champaran). In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
China Car of the Year
China Car of the Year is an award presented to the winning car launched in China during the course of the year. The first year of the awards was 2014. It is judged by an independent panel made up of automotive journalists and experts. Along with the most prestigious "Car of the Year" award.

The award has gone through several changes since 2014.

In 2015, in addition to "Car of the Year", "Performance Car of the Year", "Green Car of the Year" and "Design Car of the Year", the "SUV of the Year" was added.

In 2024, the "Green Car of the Year" was replaced by "Budget Car of the Year".

In 2025,  the "Car of the Year" and "SUV of the Year" were integrated into the new "Car of the Year". The "Luxury Car of the Year" was added.

Ferrari 296
The Ferrari 296 (Type F171) is a sports car built since 2022 by the Italian company Ferrari. The 296 is a two-seater, offered as a GTB coupe and a GTS folding hard-top convertible. It is a plug-in hybrid with a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout and its powertrain combines a twin-turbocharged 120-degree bank angle V6, with an electric motor fitted in between engine and gearbox. The 296 can be driven in electric-only mode for short distances, to comply with use in urban zero-emission zones.

Unveiled on 24 June 2021, the 296 is Ferrari's first stock model with 6-cylinders other than the Dino 206 GT, 246 GT and 246 GTS cars produced by Ferrari but sold under the Dino marque. Its power pack puts out a combined 830 PS (610 kW; 819 hp), giving the 296 a power-to-weight ratio of 560 hp/ton.
State Highway 90 (New Zealand)
State Highway 90 (SH 90) is a New Zealand State Highway connecting the town of Gore on State Highway 1 to the locality of Raes Junction on State Highway 8 via Tapanui, servicing the agricultural areas of eastern Southland and West Otago. It is mostly hilly and is just under 60 kilometres long.

State Highway 8 (New Zealand)
State Highway 8 is one of New Zealand's eight national highways. It forms an anticlockwise loop through the southern scenic regions of the Mackenzie Basin and Central Otago, starting and terminating in junctions with State Highway 1. Distances are measured from north to south.

For most of its length SH8 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses directly off the road, both in rural and urban areas.
William Stuart Seeley House
The William Stuart Seeley House is a historic house in Mount Pleasant, Utah. It was built in 1861, probably by William Stuart Seeley, an immigrant from Canada who converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with his wife before moving to Nauvoo, Illinois. They relocated to Utah in 1847, and he was among Mormon settlers to move to a fort in Mount Pleasant in 1849. Seeley served as the bishop of Mount Pleasant for 29 years, and he was the first mayor of Mount Pleasant. He had ten children with his first wife, née Elizabeth DeHart, who died in 1872. The peace treaty of the Black Hawk War was reported signed in this house in 1872. Seeley later married Ellen Carter, with whom he had two children, and Ann Watkins, with whom he had two more children. Seeley died in 1895. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 16, 1992.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Sanpete County, Utah
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sanpete County, Utah.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sanpete County, Utah, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

Sanpete County and Sevier County make up the "Little Scandinavia" portion of Utah, where many of Utah's 20,000 19th-century Scandinavian immigrants settled. Pair-houses, a Scandinavian home form, are relatively common.

There are 82 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. One other site in the county was once listed, but has since been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 29, 2025.
Bobovišća
Bobovišća  is a village near Milna on the west coast of the island of Brač in Croatia. It is located on a cove that branches into two ports, Bobovišća na Moru and Vičja luka. It is connected by the Road D114.

Saint George church in Bobovišća

D114 road
D114 is a state road on island of Brač in Croatia connecting towns of Milna and Supetar from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking in Split and the D410 state road (via D113 state road). The road is 18.8 km (11.7 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 485
United Nations Security Council resolution 485, adopted on 22 May 1981, considered a report by the Secretary-General regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.  The Council noted its efforts to establish a durable and just peace in the Middle East but also expressed its concern over the prevailing state of tension in the area.

The resolution decided to call upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973), it renewed the mandate of the Observer Force for another six months until 30 November 1981 and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.

The resolution was adopted with 14 votes to none; China did not participate in the voting.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 338
United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 was a three-line resolution adopted by the UN Security Council on 22 October 1973, which called for a ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War in accordance with a joint proposal by the United States and the Soviet Union. It was passed at the 1747th Security Council meeting by 14 votes to none, with China abstaining.

The resolution stipulated that the ceasefire should take effect within 12 hours of the adoption of the resolution; that Security Council Resolution 242 be implemented "in all its parts"; and for negotiations to start between Israel and the Arab states. Fighting continued despite the passing of Resolution 338, and the Security Council passed Resolution 339 soon after. Resolution 340 was passed on 25 October, ending the war.
California Shine the Light law
California's "Shine the Light" law (CA Civil Code § 1798.83) is a privacy law passed by the California State Legislature in 2003. It became an active part of the California Civil Code on January 1, 2005. It is considered one of the first attempts by a state legislature in the United States to address the practice of sharing customers' personal information for marketing purposes, also known as "list brokerage." The law outlines procedures requiring companies to disclose upon the request of a California resident what personal information has been shared with third parties, as well as the parties with which the information has been shared. The law also outlines specific language that companies who do business with California residents must include in their online privacy policies.

California Civil Code
The Civil Code of California is a collection of statutes for the State of California. The code is made up of statutes which govern the general obligations and rights of persons within the jurisdiction of California. It was based on a civil code originally prepared by David Dudley Field II in 1865 for the state of New York (but which was never enacted in that state).  It is one of the 29 California Codes and was among the first four enacted in 1872.
RV George Bligh
RV George Bligh (LO309) was a fisheries research vessel that was operated by the Directorate of Fisheries, now known as the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas).

Originally built as an  Admiralty Mersey-class trawler for use in the First World war

George Bligh was registered in London  but based at the port of Lowestoft, on the East Anglian coast.

Like some other the Mersey-class naval trawlers were given names taken from the roll-call of Nelson's ship HMS Victory. George Bligh was named after Captain George Miller Bligh (1780–1834), an officer of the Royal Navy, who saw service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, eventually rising to the rank of captain. He was present aboard HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar, and was badly wounded during the action.

Mersey-class trawler
The Mersey class was a class of Admiralty naval trawlers built for the Royal Navy (or other government institutions) prior to World War II.  Admiralty meant they were built for military service as opposed to conversions of existing boats. The majority of the vessels were built to a standard design but a few included in the class were built differently.

Some were completed as fishing vessels rather than for military service. Many went on to be used in various roles during World War II.
Odonellia
Odonellia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Convolvulaceae.

Its native range is Mexico and parts of Southern Tropical America. It is found in Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru and Venezuela.

The genus name of Odonellia is in honour of Carlos Alberto O'Donell (1912–1954), an Argentinian botanist at the Miguel Lillo Foundation in San Miguel de Tucumán. It was first described and published in Brittonia Vol.34 on page 417 in 1982.

Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae (/kənˌvɒlvjəˈleɪsi.iː, -aɪ/), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several species are edible, the best known of which is the sweet potato.
Natalia Valeeva
Natalia Valeeva (born 15 November 1969) is a Moldavian-born Italian archer. She is a five-time Olympian and former world number one, and a native of Moldova, having represented the Unified Team, Moldova and Italy, at the Olympic Games of 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. She won the individual and team bronze medals in the 1992 Olympic Games.

World Archery
World Archery (WA, formerly Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc – FITA) is the governing body of the sport of archery. It is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is composed of 156 national federations and other archery associations, and is recognised by the International Olympic Committee.
Capritage Helwan
Ain Helwan,Arabic: كابريتاج حلوان also known as the Helwan Sulphur Springs, Helwan Baths, or the Helwan Sulphur Center for Natural Medicine, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (and more commonly as Helwan Sulphur Baths), is one of the most famous Sulfur water in Egypt. Its fame stems from the high concentration of treated sulfur, reaching up to 27%. There are two springs in Helwan: one located near the Ain Helwan Metro Station, and another, also called Helwan Baths (or Helwan Sulphur Baths), which is the more well-known one on Mansour Street.

Abbas II of Egypt
Abbas Helmy II (also known as ʿAbbās Ḥilmī Pāshā, Arabic: عباس حلمي باشا; 14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive of Egypt and the Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914. In 1914, after the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in World War I, the nationalist Khedive was removed by the British, then ruling Egypt, in favour of his more pro-British uncle, Hussein Kamel, marking the de jure end of Egypt's four-century era as a province of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun in 1517.
Aircraft design process
The aircraft design process is a loosely defined method used to balance many competing and demanding requirements to produce an aircraft that is strong, lightweight, economical and can carry an adequate payload while being sufficiently reliable to safely fly for the design life of the aircraft. Similar to, but more exacting than, the usual engineering design process, the technique is highly iterative, involving high-level configuration tradeoffs, a mixture of analysis and testing and the detailed examination of the adequacy of every part of the structure. For some types of aircraft, the design process is regulated by civil airworthiness authorities.

This article deals with powered aircraft such as airplanes and helicopter designs.

Rib (aeronautics)
In an aircraft, ribs are forming elements of the airframe structure of a wing, especially in traditional construction.

By analogy with the anatomical definition of "rib", the ribs attach to the main spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals, form a skeletal shape for the wing. Usually ribs incorporate the airfoil shape of the wing, and the skin adopts this shape when stretched over the ribs.
Linkurious
Linkurious is a software company specialized in graph-based technology for various use cases such as financial crime, intelligence, cybersecurity, supply chain management or data governance.

Since 2024, Linkurious offers an integrated contextual decision intelligence platform powered by native graph technology and entity resolution AI.

Linkurious works with a variety of world-class technology and consulting partners including Microsoft, Amazon, Neo4j, Nuix, Capgemini, PwC or Deloitte.

The company has offices in Montreuil, France and Bethesda, MD, USA.

Neo4j
Neo4j is a graph database management system (GDBMS) developed by Neo4j Inc.

The data elements Neo4j stores are nodes, edges connecting them and attributes of nodes and edges. Described by its developers as an ACID-compliant transactional database with native graph storage and processing, Neo4j is available in a non-open-source "community edition" licensed with a modification of the GNU General Public License, with online backup and high availability extensions licensed under a closed-source commercial license. Neo also licenses Neo4j with these extensions under closed-source commercial terms.

Neo4j is implemented in Java and accessible from software written in other languages using the Cypher query language through a transactional HTTP endpoint, or through the binary "Bolt" protocol. The "4j" in Neo4j is a reference to its being built in Java, however is now largely viewed as an anachronism.
Siege of Nara
The siege of Nara (南都焼討, Nantō Yakiuchi) alternatively known as the Nanto Arson Campaign in Japan is an event which took place on January 15th 1181 (December 28th 1180 in the Jishō calendar), following Prince Mochihito and Minamoto no Yorimasa's defeat and subsequent death to the Taira clan, after which the Taira forces burnt down the Miidera temple (which had sheltered the anti-Taira forces), before moving on to Nara, where they "set fire to the monastic complexes of Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji."

Nara (city)
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.ɕi] ⓘ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 2022, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara is a core city located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the Kyoto Prefecture.

Nara was the capital of Japan during the Nara period from 710 to 784 as the seat of the Emperor before the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō, except for the years 740 to 745, when the capital was placed in Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō and Shigaraki Palace. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.