hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clayton County, Georgia
Clayton County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 297,595 by the U.S. Census Bureau. The county seat is Jonesboro.

Clayton County is one of the core counties of the Atlanta metropolitan area, and it is the sixth most-populous county in the state. It is the home of most of Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the busiest airport in the world by total passengers.

The county was the defendant in the landmark LGBT rights case of Bostock v. Clayton County (2020).

Interstate 285 (Georgia)
Interstate 285 (I-285) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway encircling Atlanta, Georgia, for 63.98 miles (102.97 km). It connects the three major Interstate Highways to Atlanta: I-20, I-75, and I-85. Colloquially referred to as the Perimeter, it also carries unsigned State Route 407 (SR 407) and is signed as Atlanta Bypass on I-20, I-75, and I-85.

Because of suburban sprawl, it is estimated that more than two million people use the highway each day, making it one of the busiest Interstates in the Atlanta metropolitan area, and one of the most heavily traveled roadways in the US. During rush hour, portions of the highway slow, sometimes to a crawl.
Government Office for Science
The Government Office for Science is a science advisory office in the UK Government. The office advises the Government on policy and decision-making based on science and long-term thinking. It has been led by Professor Dame Angela McLean, the Government Chief Scientific Adviser, since 23 February 2023.

The office is administratively part of, and funded by, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, and reports to the prime minister and cabinet secretary. It works with the UK Research and Innovation (funding research projects) and the Council for Science and Technology (assisting with advice). It also acts as the secretariat for the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies, operates a future planning unit, and manages the Government Science and Engineering Profession.

Before February 2023, it was part of the now-defunct Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) was a ministerial department of the United Kingdom Government, from July 2016 to February 2023.

The department was formed during a machinery of government change on 14 July 2016, following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister. It was created by a merger between the Department for Business, Innovation, and Skills and the Department of Energy and Climate Change.

On 7 February 2023, under the Rishi Sunak premiership, the department was dissolved. Its functions were split into three new departments: the Department for Business and Trade, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, and the Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology. Grant Shapps, the final secretary of state for the old department, became the first Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero.
Midhirst railway station
Midhirst Railway Station was a rural railway station in the Taranaki region of New Zealand, serving the small township of Midhirst about 5 km north of Stratford. It was part of the Marton–New Plymouth Line and operated from its opening in 1879 until closure in 1986.

The station was a typical small stop on the railway, handling both passengers and freight (especially farm produce and livestock) and even doubling as the local post office for much of its history. It played an important role in the development of the surrounding dairy-farming community over the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Marton–New Plymouth line
The Marton–New Plymouth line (MNPL) is a secondary railway in the North Island of New Zealand, linking the Taranaki and Manawatū-Whanganui regions. It diverges from the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) at Marton and follows the South Taranaki Bight along the west coast before turning inland to meet the Stratford–Okahukura Line (SOL) at Stratford, continuing on to New Plymouth.

Construction of the line was completed in 1885. With the completion of the SOL in 1933, the combined route provided an alternative western connection to the NIMT—though this role diminished when the SOL was mothballed in 2010. In its early years, the MNPL hosted the New Plymouth Express, the North Island’s first regional express service. Following the withdrawal of passenger services in 1977, the line has been used exclusively for freight.
Milwaukee Police Department bombing
The Milwaukee Police Department bombing was a November 24, 1917, bomb attack that killed nine members of local law enforcement and a civilian in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The perpetrators were never caught but are suspected to be an anarchist terrorist cell operating in the United States in the early 20th century. The target was initially an evangelical church in the Third Ward and only killed the police officers when the bomb was taken to the police station by a concerned civilian. The bombing remained the most fatal single event in national law enforcement history for over 80 years until the September 11 attacks.

Galleanisti
Galleanisti (Italian for Galleanists) are followers or supporters of the Italian immigrant insurrectionary anarchist Luigi Galleani, who operated most notably in the United States following his immigration to the country. The vast majority of Galleanisti or Galleanists were similarly poor and working-class Italian immigrants or Italian Americans, especially anarchists and those involved in the labor movement. Galleanists remain the primary suspects in a campaign of bombings between 1914 and 1920 in the United States.

Galleani and his group promoted radical anarchism by speeches, newsletters, labor agitation, political protests, secret meetings, and, above all, direct action, often referred to as propaganda of the deed. Many used bombs and other violent means to promote their political position, practices that Galleani actively encouraged but in which he apparently did not participate, except for writing the bomb-making manual La Salute è in voi!.
Kames Castle
Kames Castle is a 14th-century tower house located on the shore of Kames Bay near Port Bannatyne, on the Isle of Bute, Scotland. The castle, which is set in 20 acres (81,000 m2) of planted grounds, includes a 2-acre (8,100 m2) 18th-century walled garden. It is extended through the addition of a range of stone cottages. The castle, cottages, walled garden and other estate buildings are category B listed buildings.

Isle of Bute
The Isle of Bute (Scots: Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Bhòid or An t-Eilean Bòdach), known as Bute (/bjuːt/), is an island in the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is divided into highland and lowland areas by the Highland Boundary Fault.

Formerly a constituent island of the larger County of Bute, it is now part of the council area of Argyll and Bute. Bute's resident population was 6,498 in 2011, a decline of just over 10% from the figure of 7,228 recorded in 2001 against a background of Scottish island populations as a whole growing by 4% to 103,702 for the same period.
1845 Stamford by-election
The 1845 Stamford by-election was a Ministerial by-election held on 10 February 1845, after the seat was vacated, upon the appointment of the incumbent Conservative MP George Clerk,as Master of the Mint. Clerk was re-elected unopposed, by established convention.

Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)
Stamford was a constituency in the county of Lincolnshire of the House of Commons for the Parliament of England to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868 when this was reduced to one.
1904 Cape Turnagain earthquake
The 1904 Cape Turnagain earthquake struck 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Cape Turnagain on the morning of 9 August with a magnitude estimated at 6.8 Ms and 7.0–7.2 Mw. It was felt throughout the North Island and upper South Island, with many communities within a 500 kilometres (310 mi) radius reporting noticeable ground shaking. Heavy damage occurred to the landscape and personal property and one man died. It was the largest to strike New Zealand since the 7.0 Mw  North Canterbury earthquake in 1888.

1942 Wairarapa earthquakes
Two 1942 Wairarapa earthquakes shook the lower North Island of New Zealand on 24 June and 2 August. They were large and shallow with epicentres close together east of Masterton in the Wairarapa region. The June earthquake was sometimes referred to as the Masterton earthquake but both caused damage over a wide area, from Dannevirke and Eketāhuna over to Whanganui and down to Ōtaki and Wellington. There was one death in Wellington, on 24 June.

The August earthquake can be regarded as an aftershock of the June earthquake. Both earthquakes were preceded by smaller foreshocks. As the second quake was slightly less in magnitude than the first, they were not an earthquake doublet where the second quake is slightly larger. The August earthquake was considerably deeper (40 km, not 12 km), though another source gives the depths as 43 km and 15 km. There was another large aftershock on 2 December and one in February 1943.
Catalan peseta
The Catalan peseta (in Catalan: peceta; pl. pecetes) was a unit of currency in Catalonia until 1850, when the whole of Spain decimalized. It was also a name used throughout Spain for an amount of four reales de vellón. It was coined in Barcelona in gold and silver from 1808 until 1814, under the Napoleonic government.

In Catalonia, the peseta was subdivided into six sous, each of four quarts (also spelled cuartos in Spanish), eight ochavos or twelve dineros. Five pesetas were equal to one duro, which was itself equal to the Spanish eight reales de plata fuerte (Spanish dollar). In the new, decimal currency, the peseta was worth four reales.

The name peseta reappeared in 1868 for the new Spanish currency. Its value was equivalent to that of the earlier peseta.

French sol
The sol, later called a sou, is the name of a number of different coins, for accounting or payment, dating from Antiquity to today. The name is derived from the late-Roman and Byzantine solidus. Its longevity of use anchored it in many expressions of the French language.
Delay Point
Delay Point (66°27′S 98°15′E﻿ / ﻿66.450°S 98.250°E﻿ / -66.450; 98.250) is a rocky bluff rising to 185 metres (600 ft) on the west side of Melba Peninsula, about 6 nautical miles (11 km) west of Cape Charcot. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14, and so named by the Eastern Sledge Party of the Western Base because bad weather delayed the party near here for several days in November 1912.

Cape Charcot
Cape Charcot (66°26′S 98°30′E﻿ / ﻿66.433°S 98.500°E﻿ / -66.433; 98.500) is a rocky headland at the northeast end of the Melba Peninsula, 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of David Island. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–1914, who named it for Dr. Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French Antarctic explorer.
John Blum (pianist)
John Blum (born April 15, 1968) is an American jazz pianist and composer.

Blum has performed and/or recorded with Antonio Grippi, Barry Guy, Butch Morris, Chad Taylor, Charles Gayle, Cooper-Moore, Daniel Carter, Darius Jones, David Liebman, David Murray, Denis Charles, Ed Schuller, Gerald Cleaver, Hamid Drake, Han Bennink, Jackson Krall, Jemeel Moondoc, Karen Borca, Marco Eneidi, Marshall Allen, Mat Maneri, Michael Bisio, Peter Brotzman, Tony Scott, Tristan Honsinger, Raphe Malik, Roy Campbell, Jr., Sabir Mateen, Sunny Murray, Sonny Simmons, Sirone, Steve Swell, Susie Ibarra, Warren Smith, Wilber Morris, and William Parker.

Sabir Mateen
Sabir Mateen (born April 16, 1951) is an American musician and composer from Philadelphia. His musical style is primarily avant-garde jazz.  He plays tenor and alto saxophone, B♭ and alto clarinet, and flute.

As a young man, Mateen was originally a percussionist, and he started playing flute as a teenager.  From there he moved to alto and then tenor saxophone.  He started out playing rhythm and blues in the early 1970s which led him to the tenor saxophone chair of the Horace Tapscott Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra.  He has performed or recorded with musicians including Cecil Taylor, Sunny Murray, William Parker, Alan Silva, Butch and Wilber Morris, Raphe Malik, Steve Swell, Roy Campbell, Jr., Matthew Shipp, Marc Edwards, Jemeel Moondoc, William Hooker, Henry Grimes, Rashid Bakr, and Hamid Drake.  He is a member of the band TEST, with Daniel Carter.
Alfred Frank de Prades
Alfred Frank de Prades (signed works as A F de Prades; 24 March 1825 – 7 July 1885) was a French painter working in Victorian England. An animalier best known for his paintings of horses and military subjects, de Prades’ works follow very closely the tradition of George Stubbs (1724–1806), a style which popularized him among the noble British sporting set, who heavily patronized the artist from about 1850 until his death in 1885.

George Stubbs
George Stubbs ARA (25 August 1724 – 10 July 1806) was an English painter, best known for his paintings of horses. Self-trained, Stubbs learnt his skills independently from other great artists of the 18th century such as Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough. Stubbs' output includes history paintings, but his greatest skill was in painting animals (such as horses, dogs and lions), perhaps influenced by his love and study of anatomy. His series of paintings on the theme of a lion attacking a horse are early and significant examples of the Romantic movement that emerged in the late 18th century. He enjoyed royal patronage. His painting Whistlejacket hangs in the National Gallery, London.
South Africa–United States relations
The South Africa and United States currently maintain strong bilateral relations with one another. The United States and South Africa have been economically linked to one another since the late 18th century which has continued into the 21st century. United States and South Africa relations faced periods of strain throughout the 20th century due to the segregationist, white minority rule in South Africa, from 1948 to 1994. Following the end of apartheid in South Africa, the United States and South Africa have developed a strategically, politically, and economically beneficial relationship with one another and currently enjoy "cordial relations" despite "occasional strains". South Africa remains the United States' largest trading partner in Africa as of 2019.

Disinvestment from South Africa
Disinvestment from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s in protest against South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. A disinvestment policy the U.S. adopted in 1986 in response to the disinvestment campaign is credited with playing a role in pressuring the South African government to embark on negotiations that ultimately led to the dismantling of the apartheid system.
Thomas Aquinas Research Complex
The Thomas Aquinas Research Complex (TARC) is the main venue for research in the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines. The building houses several research centers, laboratories, and the UST Graduate School.

University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
The University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery (USTFMS) is the medical school of the University of Santo Tomas, the oldest and largest Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.

Established in 1871, the faculty is the first medical school in the Philippines. It is proclaimed to be a Center of Excellence by the Commission on Higher Education.

In 2018, LEAPMed, a special preparatory course for the UST medicine program was offered to a limited number of highly exceptional high school graduates ranking among the Top 200 of the University entrance exams, taught completely under the supervision of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
Cricket Turkey
Cricket Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Kriket) is the ICC-recognised governing body of the sport of cricket in Turkey. Its headquarters are located in Ankara. It is Turkey's representative at the International Cricket Council and is an associate member and has been a member of that body since 2008, which is also the year when it was founded. It is also a member of the ICC Europe (earlier the European Cricket Council).

As cricket is not a ministry-sanctioned sport in Turkey, the organisation is not legally structured as a sports federation; rather, it is officially considered to be a sports club.

ICC Europe
ICC Europe is the International Cricket Council region responsible for administration of the sport of cricket in Europe. It is a subordinate body to the International Cricket Council (ICC). The organisation currently has 34 members, located in Europe, and is responsible for the development, promotion and administration of the game in the continent.

The earlier body European Cricket Council used to manage cricket administration for Europe until it was brought under the auspices of the ICC Development programme as ICC Europe in 2008, and later dissolved as an independent body.
Bill Bergen
William Aloysius Bergen (June 13, 1878 – December 19, 1943) was an American professional baseball catcher. He played eleven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1901 to 1911 for the Cincinnati Reds and Brooklyn Superbas/Dodgers. He was one of the worst-hitting position players in the history of the Major Leagues, but was also one of the best defensive catchers of all time. His -6.9 career WAR (according to Baseball Reference) is the second worst among every MLB position player in history.

Dead-ball era
In the history of Major League Baseball (MLB), the dead-ball era was a twenty-year period, roughly from 1900 to 1920, in which run scoring was low and home runs were exceedingly rare. In 1908, the major league batting average dropped to .239, and teams averaged just 3.4 runs per game, the lowest ever. Spacious ballparks limited hitting for power, and the ball itself was "dead" both by design and from overuse. Ball scuffing and adulteration by pitchers, particularly the spitball, were allowed, putting hitters at a disadvantage.

The era ended very suddenly; by 1921, offenses were scoring 40% more runs and hitting four times as many home runs as they had in 1918.  There is no consensus among baseball historians as to why, but part of the reason lay in rule changes that promoted scoring, such as alterations of ballpark dimensions and the banning of certain pitches.
2024 Rama II Road crane collapse
On 29 November 2024, a crane and concrete slab constructing the Motorway No. 92 elevated expressway collapsed onto Rama II Road in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand, killing 6 construction workers. 8 workers were injured.

Samut Sakhon province
Samut Sakhon (Thai: สมุทรสาคร, pronounced [sā.mùt sǎː.kʰɔ̄ːn]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located along the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In 2024, it had a population of 590,867, and an area of 866 km2 (334 sq mi), making it the 43rd most populated province whilst being the 4th smallest.
Serpent River
The Serpent River is a tributary of the Mégiscane River, flowing into the townships of Trévet, Vasson and Noiseux, in the territory of Senneterre, in La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Serpent River flows entirely in forest area, west of the Gouin Reservoir. Forestry is the main economic activity of this hydrographic slope; recreational tourism activities, second. The surface of the river is usually frozen from mid-December to mid-April.

The south side of the Snake River Head Zone is served by the Canadian National Railway and a forest road from the west along the North Railway and then along the shore. South of the upper part of the Serpent River.

La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality
La Vallée-de-l'Or (French pronunciation: [la vale də lɔʁ]) is a regional county municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in Northwestern Quebec, Canada. The seat is in Val-d'Or. It is named for its gold deposits in the Harricana River and Bell River valleys.
Overbrook, Ottawa
45°25′30″N 75°39′20″W﻿ / ﻿45.42500°N 75.65556°W﻿ / 45.42500; -75.65556

Overbrook is an urban neighbourhood situated in Rideau-Rockcliffe Ward, in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located across the Rideau River from the neighbourhood of Sandy Hill and is just to the south of Vanier. To the east of Overbrook is the former City of Gloucester. It was constituted as a police village in 1922 and was annexed by the City of Ottawa in 1950.

Gloucester, Ontario
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOST-ər) is a former municipality and now geographic area of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Located east of Ottawa's inner core, it was an independent city until amalgamated with the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton in 2001 to become the new city of Ottawa. The population of Gloucester is about 150,012 people (2021 Census).
2020 ASB Classic
36°51′13″S 174°46′25″E﻿ / ﻿36.853742°S 174.773507°E﻿ / -36.853742; 174.773507

The 2020 Auckland Open (sponsored by ASB Bank) was a joint ATP and WTA tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 35th edition of the women's event, and the 44th edition of the men's event. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 6 to 12 January 2020 for the women, and from 13 to 18 January 2020 for the men.

WTA Auckland Open
The WTA Auckland Open, known as the ASB Classic (sponsored by ASB Bank), is a professional women's tennis tournament in Auckland, New Zealand. The tournament is played annually, in the first week of January, at the ASB Tennis Centre in the suburb of Parnell, just east of the Central Business District. It is an International level tournament in the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) World Tour. The equivalent men's event, the ATP Auckland Open, is played in the following week, immediately ahead of the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open.

The ASB Classic returned in 2023 after the 2021 and 2022 events were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic owing travel restrictions for international visitors to New Zealand.
Florence E. Bamberger
Florence Eilau Bamberger (October 19, 1882 – December 18, 1965) was an American pedagogue, school supervisor, progressive education advocate, and author. Influenced by the ideas of John Dewey, she researched, lectured, and wrote extensively on the concept of child-centered education. She spent most of her career as a professor of education in the department of philosophy at Johns Hopkins University, and was the first woman to attain a full professorship at that university. From 1937 to 1947 she served as director of Johns Hopkins' College for Teachers. After her retirement, she taught in private elementary schools in Baltimore, Maryland.

Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been part of Columbia University since 1898.