hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ptenopus garrulus
Ptenopus garrulus, also known commonly as the common barking gecko and the whistling gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to southern Africa. There are two recognized subspecies.

Andrew Smith (zoologist)
Sir Andrew Smith KCB (3 December 1797 – 11 August 1872) was a British surgeon, explorer, ethnologist and zoologist. He is considered the father of zoology in South Africa having described many species across a wide range of groups in his major work, Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa.

Smith was born in Hawick, Roxburghshire. He qualified in medicine at the University of Edinburgh obtaining an M.D. degree in 1819, having joined the Army Medical Services in 1816.
Ethan Strimling
Ethan King Strimling (born October 19, 1967) is an American non-profit executive, television personality, and politician from Maine. Strimling was elected to 3 terms in the Maine Senate (2003–2009), one term a Mayor of Portland, Maine (2015–2019), serving one term. Strimling previously served as a Democratic state senator from 2003 to 2009. He was the Executive Director of LearningWorks, a West End non-profit organization, and has served as a political columnist and commentator for the Portland Press Herald.

Mayor of Portland, Maine
The mayor of Portland, Maine is the official head of the city of Portland, Maine, United States, as stipulated in the Charter of the City of Portland. This article is a listing of past (and present) mayors of Portland.
Angel De Cora
Angel De Cora Dietz (1871–1919) was a Ho-Chunk painter, illustrator, Native American rights advocate, and teacher at Carlisle Indian School. A member of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, she was a well-known Native American artist before World War I.

William Henry Dietz
William Henry "Lone Star" Dietz (August 17, 1884 – July 20, 1964) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head college football coach at Washington State University, Purdue University, Louisiana Tech University, University of Wyoming, Haskell Institute—now known as Haskell Indian Nations University, and Albright College. Dietz was also head coach for the Boston Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2012.
Mwale Medical and Technology City
Mwale Medical and Technology City (commonly abbreviated as MMTC) is a planned, community-owned sustainable city located in Butere, Kakamega County, Kenya. The development is centered on a large medical complex, anchored by Hamptons Hospital, which has a reported capacity of 5,000 patients. The city also includes a research and innovation park situated within its Plaza district.

MMTC comprises several functional districts, including an industrial area anchored by a solar power plant, and residential zones that incorporate amenities such as a 36-hole golf course. A commercial district features shopping malls, supermarkets, and hotels, while an airport district has been planned to facilitate patient evacuation to the hospital, including a proposed cable car system.

According to Julius Mwale, the founder of MMTC, the project has cost US$2 billion.

Patient
A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.
Ewa Kurek
Ewa Kurek (also Ewa Kurek-Lesik; born 1951) is a Polish historian specializing in Polish-Jewish history during World War II. She has been associated with the far-right, and her revisionist views regarding the Holocaust in Poland have been widely categorized as indicative of antisemitism and Holocaust denial.

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Polish: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Latin: Universitas Catholica Lublinensis Ioannis Pauli II, abbreviation KUL) is a university in Lublin, Poland, established in 1918.
Boyan the Mage
Benjamin (Bulgarian: Вениамин), better known Boyan the Mage (Bulgarian: Боян Мага), sometimes spelled as Baian, was the fourth and youngest son of the Bulgarian emperor Simeon I (r. 893–927) and his second wife, a daughter of the noble George Sursuvul.

Steven Runciman
Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman CH FBA (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–54). His works had a profound impact on the popular conception of the Crusades within the Western world, although Runciman considered himself "not a historian, but a writer of literature," and British historian Christopher Tyerman considers Runciman's History to be the "last chronicle of the crusades." Runciman summarized the Crusades as "nothing more than a long act of intolerance in the name of God, which is a sin against the Holy Ghost."
Poecilomorpha passerinii
Poecilomorpha passerinii is a species of beetle of the Megalopodidae family. This species is found in Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone.

Adults reach a length of about 6.4–7.1 mm. The head and antennae are black, while the mandibles, labium, maxilla, thorax and abdomen are orange. The pronotal disc is brown and the elytra is iridescent, varying from blue to green.

Megalopodidae
The Megalopodidae are a small family of leaf beetles, previously included as a subfamily within the Chrysomelidae. One of its constituent subfamilies, Zeugophorinae, has also frequently been treated as a subfamily within Chrysomelidae. The family contains approximately 30 genera worldwide, primarily in the nominate subfamily Megalopodinae, and mostly circumtropical.

The larvae of some species are leaf miners on various host plants. Other larvae feed on stem-tissue or pollen grains of conifer strobili. Once fully grown, the larva drops to the ground and pupates.
1875 Dinar earthquake
The 1875 Dinar earthquake occurred in Afyonkarahisar Province in present-day Turkey. More than 1,300 people died and 1,000 homes were destroyed when the Mw  6.77 earthquake struck. The communities of Çivril and Yaka were destroyed while Işıklı and Dinar were badly damaged. Ground fissures and hot springs appeared near Civril although these reports may have been exaggerated. There was minor damage in Uşak and Afyon.

The shock was associated with rupture along the Baklan Fault which was also associated with another destructive shock in 1995. It produced 20 km (12 mi) of faulting.

At Işıklı, 200 homes were razed while the remaining 100 were damaged to the extent they were unliveable for occupants. Two mosque however, stood intact. Nearly all homes in Çivril were badly damaged or destroyed and 500 bodies were recovered from debris. Early reports from the Ottoman press reported 133 to 164 deaths and 1,879 injuries. In the village of Tatar, Uşak, about 200 people died.

1995 Dinar earthquake
The 1995 Dinar earthquake occurred on 1 October in Dinar (District), Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. It had an Mw magnitude of 6.2 with an epicenter close to the Dinar-Çivril fault.

The earthquake occurred at a time of political instability in Turkey, with large strikes by public sector workers taking place just 11 days earlier. The disaster was preceded by a number of smaller earthquakes of up to 5.1 magnitude, the last of which had occurred on 26 September 1995. This resulted in a number of residents deciding to sleep outside their homes and possibly resulted in less deaths and injuries in the 1 October quake. When the quake occurred, 90 people were killed and more than 200 injured in the disaster.

In total, 2,473 homes suffered major damage, 1,218 moderate damage and 2,076 slight damage. The Turkish government responded by constructing 5,000 new homes for those affected by the disaster.
Jesus Valencia House
The Jesus Valencia House is a historic house in San Juan, New Mexico. It was built in 1911 for Jesus Valencia. It was designed in the Vernacular New Mexico architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 16, 1988.

It was listed on the National Register as part of a 1988 study of historic resources in the Mimbres Valley of Grant County.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, New Mexico
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, New Mexico.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Grant County, New Mexico, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 45 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. All of the places within the county on the National Register are also listed on the State Register of Cultural Properties.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted April 11, 2025.
Blakeview
Blakeview is a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Playford. Blakeview is predominantly a residential suburb, but also has two commercial areas and two education areas.

Elizabeth, South Australia
Elizabeth is an outer northern suburb of the Adelaide metropolitan area, South Australia, 24 km north of the Adelaide city centre. It is located in the City of Playford. At the 2021 census, Elizabeth had a population of 40,343.

Established in 1955, it was the seat of the former local government body, the old City of Elizabeth, which included Elizabeth as well as the immediately adjacent suburbs on all sides except the west. Although the City of Elizabeth no longer exists, having been amalgamated into the much larger City of Playford in 1997, the term "Elizabeth", in the context of Adelaide, typically refers to the historic municipality and the distinct community therein.
2015–16 Coupe de la Ligue
The 2015–16 Coupe de la Ligue was the 22nd French league cup competition. The competition was organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel and was open to the 44 professional clubs in France that are managed by the organization.

Paris Saint-Germain were the two-time reigning champions, having defeated Bastia 4–0 in the previous season's final and their win in this competition 2–1 against Lille put the club at six wins, extending their record.

2014–15 Coupe de la Ligue
The 2014–15 Coupe de la Ligue was the 21st edition of the French league cup competition. The competition was organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel and was open to the 44 professional clubs in France that are managed by the organization.

Paris Saint-Germain were the reigning champions, having defeated Lyon 2–1 in the previous season's final for a record-breaking fourth title. They won their record-extending fifth on 11 April, defeating Bastia 4–0 in the final.
William Boericke
William G. Boericke (25 October 1849 in Asch, Bohemia Austrian Empire – 1 April 1929 in San Francisco) was an Austrian-born American physician and ardent, influential exponent of homeopathy. He is known in the field today as the compiler and editor of the Pocket Manual of Homeopathic Materia Medica. The ninth edition has endured as his most re-published version partly because of its then final inclusion of a mini-repertory by his brother, Oscar Eugene Boericke, MD, also a homeopathic physician.

Samuel Hahnemann
Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (/ˈhɑːnəmən/ HAH-nə-mən, German: [ˈzaːmueːl ˈhaːnəman]; 10 April 1755 – 2 July 1843) was a German physician, best known for creating the pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine called homeopathy.
Δ18O
In  geochemistry, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography δ18O or delta-O-18 is a measure of the deviation in ratio of stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18O) and oxygen-16 (16O). 
It is commonly used as a measure of the temperature of precipitation, as a measure of groundwater/mineral interactions, and as an indicator of processes that show isotopic fractionation, like methanogenesis. 
In paleosciences, 18O:16O data from corals, foraminifera and ice cores are used as a proxy for temperature.

It is defined as the deviation in "per mil" (‰, parts per thousand) between a sample and a standard:

‰

where the standard has a known isotopic composition, such as Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW).   The fractionation can arise from kinetic, equilibrium, or mass-independent fractionation.

Mass-independent fractionation
Mass-independent isotope fractionation or  Non-mass-dependent fractionation (NMD), refers to any chemical or physical process that acts to separate isotopes, where the amount of separation does not scale in proportion with the difference in the masses of the isotopes. Most isotopic fractionations (including typical kinetic fractionations and equilibrium fractionations) are caused by the effects of the mass of an isotope on atomic or molecular velocities, diffusivities or bond strengths. Mass-independent fractionation processes are less common, occurring mainly in photochemical and spin-forbidden reactions. Observation of mass-independent fractionated materials can therefore be used to trace these types of reactions in nature and in laboratory experiments.
Chowerup, Western Australia
Chowerup is a rural locality of the Shire of Boyup Brook in the South West region of Western Australia.

Chowerup is located on the traditional land of the Kaneang (also spelt Kaniyang) people of the Noongar nation.

The heritage-listed Chowerup Hall, dating back to 1923, is located within the locality, having functioned as a local school until 1950.

Shire of Boyup Brook
The Shire of Boyup Brook is a local government area located in the South West region of Western Australia, about 270 kilometres (168 mi) southeast of Perth, the state capital. The Shire covers an area of 2,829 square kilometres (1,092 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Boyup Brook.
Westborough, Lincolnshire
Westborough is a village in the civil parish of Westborough and Dry Doddington, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) east from the A1 road and Long Bennington, and 6 miles (10 km) north from Grantham. In 1921 the parish had a population of 132. On 1 April 1931 the parish was abolished and merged with Dry Doddington to form "Westborough and Dry Doddington".

Nearby to the north is Dry Doddington. The Viking Way and River Witham pass through the village.

The name 'Westborough' means 'west fortification'.

The village Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to All Saints.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
Darjeeling railway station
Darjeeling railway station is the main railway station in Darjeeling district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The station lies on UNESCO World Heritage Site Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. Darjeeling station is located at an altitude of 2,073 metres (6,801 ft)  above mean sea level. It was allotted the railway code of DJ under the jurisdiction of Katihar railway division.

Katihar railway division
Katihar railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 15 January 1958 and its headquarter is located at Katihar in the state of Bihar.

Alipurduar railway division, Lumding railway division, Tinsukia railway division and Rangiya railway division are the other four railway divisions under the NFR Zone headquartered at Maligaon, Guwahati.
Essentially surjective functor
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a functor

is essentially surjective if each object  of  is isomorphic to an object of the form  for some object  of .

Any functor that is part of an equivalence of categories is essentially surjective. As a partial converse, any full and faithful functor that is essentially surjective is part of an equivalence of categories.

Functor
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a functor is a mapping between categories.  Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (such as the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and maps between these algebraic objects are associated to continuous maps between spaces.   Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are important in every area of mathematics where category theory is applied.

The words category and functor were borrowed by mathematicians from the philosophers Aristotle and Rudolf Carnap, respectively.  The latter used functor in a linguistic context;
see function word.
Carboxypeptidase A
Carboxypeptidase A usually refers to the pancreatic exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of C-terminal residues with aromatic or aliphatic side-chains.  Most scientists in the field now refer to this enzyme as CPA1, and to a related pancreatic carboxypeptidase as CPA2.

Carboxypeptidase A2
Carboxypeptidase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA2 gene.

Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. The A1 and A2 forms are monomeric proteins with different biochemical properties. The A2 form of pancreatic procarboxypeptidase acts on aromatic C-terminal residues
Berger Picard
The Berger Picard (/bɛərˌʒeɪ pɪˈkɑːr/ bair-ZHAY pih-KAR, French: [bɛʁʒe pikaʁ]) or Picardy Shepherd, is a French herding dog originating in Picardy. These dogs nearly became extinct after both World War I and World War II and remain a rare breed.

Herding dog
A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of dog that either has been trained in herding livestock or belongs to one of the breeds that were developed for herding. A dog specifically trained to herd sheep is known as a sheep dog or shepherd dog, and one trained to herd cattle is known as a cattle dog or cow dog.
Pocher
Pocher is an Italian toy car brand and former manufacturing company of scale model cars. The company, established by Arnaldo Pocher, was active from 1966 to 2000, and since 2013 the brand name "Pocher"

 has been owned and operated by Hornby Railways.

Piston
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder.
Accessory to War
Accessory to War: The Unspoken Alliance Between Astrophysics and the Military is the fifteenth book by American astrophysicist and science communicator Neil deGrasse Tyson which he co-wrote with researcher and writer Avis Lang. It was released on September 11, 2018 by W. W. Norton & Company. The book chronicles war and the use of space as a weapon going as far back as before the Ancient Greeks, and includes examples such as Christopher Columbus' use of his knowledge of a lunar eclipse and the use of satellite intelligence by the United States during the Gulf War. While speaking on the book, Tyson told National Geographic that he regards the collaboration between science and the military as a "two-way street."

Marcelo Gleiser wrote that the book "rings like a wake-up call, even if an uncomfortable one."

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
403 BC
Year 403 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Mamercinus, Varus, Potitus, Iullus, Crassus and Fusus (or, less frequently, year 351 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 403 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Thirty Tyrants
The Thirty Tyrants (Ancient Greek: οἱ τριάκοντα τύραννοι, hoi triákonta týrannoi) were an oligarchy that briefly ruled Athens from 404 BC to 403 BC. Installed into power by the Spartans after the Athenian surrender in the Peloponnesian War, the Thirty became known for their tyrannical rule, first being called "The Thirty Tyrants" by Polycrates. Although they maintained power for only eight months, their reign resulted in the killing of 5% of the Athenian population, the confiscation of citizens' property, and the exile of other democratic supporters.
Moldovan cupon
The cupon was the temporary currency of Moldova between 1992 and 1993. It replaced the Soviet rouble at par and was replaced by the leu at a rate of 1 leu = 1,000 cupoane. Notes issued included 50, 200, 1,000, and 5,000 cupoane. It was issued only in paper form.

Soviet ruble
The ruble or rouble (/ˈruːbəl/; Russian: рубль, romanized: rubl', IPA: [rublʲ]) was the currency of the Soviet Union. It was introduced in 1922 and replaced the Imperial Russian ruble. One ruble was divided into 100 kopecks (копейка, pl. копейки – kopeyka, kopeyki). Soviet banknotes and coins were produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (or Goznak) in Moscow and Leningrad.

In addition to regular cash rubles, other types of rubles were also issued, such as several forms of convertible ruble, transferable ruble, clearing ruble, Vneshtorgbank cheque, etc.; also, several forms of virtual rubles (called "cashless ruble", безналичный рубль) were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone.

In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet ruble was replaced by the first Russian ruble by 1993, and continued to be used in eleven post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993.