hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geology of Uzbekistan
The geology of Uzbekistan consists of two microcontinents and the remnants of oceanic crust, which fused together into a tectonically complex but resource rich land mass during the Paleozoic, before becoming draped in thick, primarily marine sedimentary units.

Kyzylkum Desert
The Kyzylkum Desert (Uzbek: Qizilqum; Kazakh: Qyzylqūm) is the 15th largest desert in the world. Its name means 'Red Sand' in Turkic languages. It is located in Central Asia, in the land between the confluent rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya, a region historically known as Transoxania. Today it is divided among Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It covers about 298,000 km2 (115,000 sq mi).
1978 Fife Regional Council election
The second election to Fife Regional Council was held on 2 May 1978 as part of the wider 1978 Scottish regional elections. The election saw Labour maintaining their control of the region's 42 seat council.

1978 Scottish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Scotland on Tuesday 2 May 1978, as part of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973.  They saw a resurgence of support for the Labour Party, retaining control of Strathclyde and Fife and winning Central and Lothian.
Janq'u Uma (Peru)
Janq'u Uma (Aymara janq'u white, uma water, "white water", also spelled Ccancouma, Janjouma) is a mountain in the north of the Apolobamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,900 metres (16,076 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Sandia Province, Cuyocuyo District. Janq'u Uma lies northwest of the mountain Wilaquta, northeast of Qurwari and southwest of Utkhuqaqa. Two little streams named Janq'u Uma (Janjouma) and Qullqipirwa (Jolljepirhua) originate west and east of the mountain. They flow to the river Lawa Lawani which runs to the north. It belongs to the watershed of the Inambari River.

Vilacota (Sandia)
Vilacota (possibly from Aymara wila red, blood, quta lake, "red lake") is a 5,179-metre-high (16,991 ft) mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Puno Region, Sandia Province, in the districts Cuyocuyo and Quiaca. Vilacota is situated northwest of the mountain Ananea and northeast of Jorhuari.
Marcus Ferkranus
Marcus Ashton Ferkranus (/ˈfɜːr.krə.nəs/; born May 10, 2003) is a professional soccer player who plays for Avondale FC in NPL Victoria. Born in the United States, he has opted to represent Australia internationally.

Phoenix Rising FC
Phoenix Rising Football Club is an American professional soccer team based in Phoenix, Arizona. Founded in 2014 as Arizona United Soccer Club, the team is a member of the USL Championship, the second division of American soccer. Phoenix has enjoyed moderate success in their history, winning the Western Conference title multiple times and having won the USL Championship final once in 2023.

The club currently plays at the Phoenix Rising Soccer Stadium east of Downtown Phoenix, and has played in the Phoenix metro area the club's whole existence.
2025 SMP F4 Championship
The 2025 SMP F4 Championship was the first season of the relaunched SMP F4 Championship and sixth season overall after a five-year break. The season started at the Moscow Raceway on 15 May and finished at the Fort Grozny Autodrom on the 12 October.

Originally run from 2015 to 2019, with its 2017 and 2018 seasons recognised as the FIA-certified F4 North European Zone championship, SMP F4 was brought back by ex-Formula 1 drivers Vitaly Petrov and Sergey Sirotkin as a centrally-run one-off event the G-Drive SMP F4 Cup in Sirius on 30 November 2024.

In the main season, Kirill Kutskov initially took the championship lead. But the main battle unfolded between Artem Severiukhin and Yaroslav Shevyrtalov, Shevyrtalov was crowned SMP Formula 4 champion in the final round at Fort Grozny Autodrom.

The inaugural season of SMP Formula 4’s winter series took place at Sirius Autodrom from November 15, 2025 to January 25, 2026.

2019 SMP F4 Championship
The 2019 SMP F4 Championship was the first season of the SMP F4 Championship, following the closure of the preceding F4 North European Zone Championship at the end of 2018. The 7 round-provisional calendar gets all circuits in Russia. The series is situated with Russian Circuit Racing Series. But addition to the calendar was made after the scheduled 7th round in Sochi was cancelled. 7th round rescheduled return in Finland and Formula Academy Finland races at Alastaro, where the grid was joined by the final round of Formula 4 SMP.
Rufinia gens
The gens Rufinia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens are mentioned in history, although the derivative surname Rufinianus appears in several sources.  A number of Rufinii are known from inscriptions.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Nikolay Komlichenko (footballer, born 1995)
Nikolay Nikolayevich Komlichenko (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Комличе́нко; born 29 June 1995) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a centre-forward for Lokomotiv Moscow and the Russia national team.

2018–19 Czech First League
The 2018–19 Czech First League, known as the Fortuna liga for sponsorship reasons, was the 26th season of the Czech Republic's top-tier football league. The defending champions were Viktoria Plzeň, who won their fifth Czech title the previous season. The season was the first with a new league structure in which 16 clubs play each other home and away, until the league is split up into championship, Europa League and relegation groups. Dukla Prague lost seven consecutive games at the start of the season, becoming the first team in the Czech First League to do so.
Data transformation (statistics)
In statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = f(zi), where f is a function. Transforms are usually applied so that the data appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs.

Nearly always, the function that is used to transform the data is invertible, and generally is continuous. The transformation is usually applied to a collection of comparable measurements. For example, if we are working with data on peoples' incomes in some currency unit, it would be common to transform each person's income value by the logarithm function.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Fyles
Fyles is an English toponymic surname, a variant of Fildes from the regional name Fylde, the western part of the area Amounderness Hundred in Lancashire, England. Notable people with the surname include:

Faith Fyles (1875–1961), Canadian botanist and illustrator

Natasha Fyles (born 1978), Australian politician

Fildes (surname)
Fildes is an English toponymic surname from the regional name Fylde, the western part of the area Amounderness Hundred in Lancashire, England. The final -s appears to be a post-medieval excrescence. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Fildes, British rugby league footballer

Audrey Fildes (1922–1997), British actress

Henry Fildes (1870–1948), British politician

Horace Edward Manners Fildes (1875–1937), New Zealand book collector

John Fildes (1811–1875), British businessman and politician

Luke Fildes (1843–1927), British painter

Luke Fildes (fencer) (1879–1970), British fencer

Mary Fildes (1789–1876), British activist

Paul Fildes (1882–1971), British pathologist and microbiologist

Robin Fildes (born 1940), Australian rules footballer
Luxembourg Open
The Luxembourg Open, last sponsored by BGL, was a women's tennis tournament held in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg. Held since 1991, the tournament was an exhibition event (winners including Novotná, Navratilova and Appelmans) until 1995. After that, it became a WTA Tier III tournament, which it remained until 2004.  In 2005, it was promoted to Tier II, marking the first such event to be held in Luxembourg. In 2008, the tournament was relegated to a Tier III event, before it became an International Series tournament in 2009.

Kim Clijsters of Belgium holds the record of most singles wins: 5 (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005). No other player has won more than twice.

WTA Tier III tournaments
The WTA Tier III tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis third-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years due to tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009, most Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from previous seasons became WTA International Tournaments owing to a category change. The main reason for the changes was to ease the pressure on players in terms of the number of tournaments that they were required to play.
Gamilaraay language
The Gamilaraay or Kamilaroi language (Gamilaraay pronunciation: [ɡ̊aˌmilaˈɻaːj]) is a Pama–Nyungan language of the Wiradhuric subgroup found mostly in south-eastern Australia. It is the traditional language of the Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi), an Aboriginal Australian people. It has been noted as endangered, but the number of speakers grew from 87 in the 2011 Australian Census to 105 in the 2016 Australian Census. Thousands of Australians identify as Gamilaraay, and the language is taught in some schools.

Wirray Wirray, Guyinbaraay, Yuwaalayaay, Waalaraay and Gawambaraay are dialects; Yuwaalaraay/Euahlayi is a closely related language.

Wiradhuric languages
The Wiradhuric languages or Central (Inland) New South Wales, are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. There are three languages:

All are now moribund.

Wiradhuri and Ngiyambaa appear to be more closely related to each other than to Gamilaraay, as they show some common features that Gamilaraay lacks. The languages are close enough to be accepted as related in the conservative classification of Dixon (2002). Bowern (2011) lists the Yuwaaliyaay and Yuwaalaraay varieties of Gamilaraay as separate languages. Bigambal may have been another, if it was not one of the Banjalung languages. The Gujambal language has been listed as Wiradhuric, but is practically undocumented.
Qajar principality of Merv
The Qajar principality of Merv (Persian: شاهزاده‌نشین قاجار مرو) was an independent principality that existed in Central Asia from c.1747 to 1788. It was ruled by the 'Izz al-Dinlu clan of the Qajars of Merv, who had been governors of the oasis since Safavid times. It gained its independence after the death of Nader Shah in 1747 and had good relations with the ruler of Bukhara, Daniyal Biy. When his son, Shah Murad took over in 1785, he launched a campaign that killed the ruler of the principality, Bayram 'Ali Khan Qajar. In 1788 the entire oasis was conquered and annexed to Bukhara. The last ruler, Mohammad Husayn Khan, fled to Iran.

Qajar (tribe)
The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Il-e Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

By the end of the Safavid era, the Qajars had split into several factions. These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan, a Qajar chief of the Qoyunlu branch, was crowned Shah of Iran, founding the Qajar dynasty, which ruled Iran until 1925.
FIFA World Player Gala
FIFA World Player Gala was an association football award show presented annually by the sport's governing body, FIFA, throughout 1991–2009.

The first awarding ceremony was held on 8 December 1991 in Zürich, Switzerland. The award show was superseded first by the FIFA Ballon d'Or during 2010-15, and since 2016 by The Best FIFA Football Awards. FIFA consider the three historic versions of its gala show as subversions of the same event, and thus celebrated its 30 years anniversary in 2021. FIFA's historical statistics also list the awards in one overall list, comprising the records of all three gala show versions.

2007 FIFA World Player of the Year
Brazilian midfielder Kaká won the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year award, while another Brazilian, Marta, took home the women's award. The winners were announced at the FIFA World Player Gala held at the Zurich Opera House on December 17, 2007.
Quercus chevalieri
Quercus chevalieri is an uncommon species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It has been found in Vietnam and also in  southern China, in the Provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan.  It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus chevalieri is a tree up to 20 m. tall with leaves as much as 110 mm long.  The acorn is ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, 10-15 (sometimes 20) × 6-8 (sometimes 15) mm, glabrous; the scar is approx. 5 mm in diameter.

Some authors have misapplied this name to another plant, Cyclobalanopsis augustinii var. nigrinux (H.H. Hu) M. Deng & Z.K. Zhou.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
2018 European 10,000m Cup
The 2018 European 10,000m Cup took place on May 19, 2018. The races took place on Parliament Hill Athletics Track in London, Great Britain. The event was held together with the annual Night of the 10,000m PB's meeting.

European 10,000m Cup
The European 10,000m Cup is an annual 10,000 metres race for European athletes which was first held in 1997. The competition is organised by the European Athletics Association and first began as the European 10000 Metres Challenge (European 10,000m Challenge till 2005 edition),
after the event was removed from the European Cup programme.
The Sinister Signpost
The Sinister Sign Post (later retitled The Sinister Signpost) is the fifteenth volume in the original  The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1936. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1968 by Tom Mulvey resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Walter Washington
Walter Edward Washington (April 15, 1915 – October 27, 2003) was an American civil servant and politician.  After a career in public housing, Washington was the chief executive of the District of Columbia from 1967 to 1979, serving as the first and only Mayor-Commissioner of the District of Columbia from 1967 to 1974, and as the first Mayor of the District of Columbia from 1975 to 1979.

He was the first African-American mayor of a major city in the United States, and in 1974 became the capital's first popularly elected mayor since 1871. Congress had passed a law granting home rule to the capital, while reserving some authorities. Washington won the first mayoral election in 1974, and served from 1975 until 1979.

Council of the District of Columbia
The Council of the District of Columbia (or simply D.C. Council) is the legislative branch of the government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the district is not part of any U.S. state and is overseen directly by the federal government.

Since 1975, the United States Congress has devolved to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by state legislatures. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the president. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether.

The council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, D.C.
Harry Burton (Egyptologist)
Harry Burton (13 September 1879 – 27 June 1940) was an English archaeological photographer, best known for his photographs of excavations in Egypt's Valley of the Kings. Today, he is sometimes referred to as an Egyptologist, since he worked for the Egyptian Expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art for around 25 years, from 1915 until his death. His most famous photographs are the estimated 3,400 or more images that he took documenting Howard Carter's excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb from 1922 to 1932.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Preston Deanery
St Peter and St Paul's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the hamlet of Preston Deanery, Northamptonshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. Although the church is not open for regular worship, it still hosts occasional special services, such as Pentecost and Christmas services for the Living Brook Benefice.

Course (architecture)
A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc.

Coursed masonry construction arranges units in regular courses. In contrast, coursed rubble masonry construction uses random uncut units, infilled with mortar or smaller stones.

If a course is the horizontal arrangement, then a wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s). A single wythe of brick that is not structural in nature is referred to as a masonry veneer.

A standard 8-inch CMU block is exactly equal to three courses of brick. A bond  (or bonding) pattern) is the arrangement of several courses of  brickwork.

The corners of a masonry wall are built first, then the spaces between them are filled by the remaining courses.
2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup Group A
Group A of the 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup took place from 10 to 18 July 2021 in Arlington's AT&T Stadium, Dallas' Cotton Bowl and Frisco's Toyota Stadium. The group consisted of El Salvador, Guatemala, defending champions Mexico, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Originally, Curaçao would have played in this group. On 9 July 2021, Curaçao was removed as a participant due to close contacts with those tested positive to COVID-19 and replaced by Guatemala.

2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 16th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial international men's soccer championship of the North, Central American, and Caribbean regions organized by CONCACAF.

The tournament was originally scheduled from 2 through July 25, 2021, but was later rescheduled for July 10 through August 1. Mexico were the defending champions. For the first time, the video assistant referee (VAR) system was used at the tournament.

The United States won their seventh Gold Cup title by defeating Mexico 1–0 in the final at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada.
University of Wrocław Botanical Garden
The Botanical Garden of the University of Wrocław is a botanical garden in Wrocław founded in 1811 in the area of Ostrów Tumski. The garden was established for medical students at the local university. During the Napoleonic Wars, the garden was damaged after the city fortifications were destroyed. Part of the garden featured a branch off the Odra river and was filled in during the conflict, but has since been restored as a large lily pond. It is the second oldest garden of this type in Poland, after the garden in Kraków. In 1974 it was listed as a protected monument in Lower Silesia, since 1994 it was included in the protected historical city center.

Cathedral Island, Wrocław
The Cathedral Island (Polish: Ostrów Tumski, [ˈɔstruf ˈtumski], German: Dominsel, [ˈdoːmɪnzəl]) is the oldest part of the city of Wrocław in south-western Poland. It was formerly an island (Old Polish: ostrów) between branches of the Oder River. Today it is the city's popular tourist destination.
The Cathedral Island in Wrocław is one of the few remaining places in Europe where a lamplighter lights the gas street lamps every evening.