hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sherman House (Glens Falls, New York)
Sherman House is a historic home located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York.  It is a large pink brick building with a profusely bracketed roof and octagonal cupola.  It consists of a 2+1⁄2-story rectangular block to which has been added four porches and three wings.  It is thought to date to the 1840s.  The front verandah and rear wing date to about 1900 when it was occupied by the Bemis Eye Sanitarium.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Glens Falls, New York
Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States and is the central city of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,830 at the 2020 census. The name was given by Colonel Johannes Glen, the falls referring to a large waterfall in the Hudson River at the southern end of the city.

Glens Falls is a city in the southeastern corner of Warren County, surrounded by the town of Queensbury to the north, east, and west, and by the Hudson River and Saratoga County to the south. Glens Falls is known as "Hometown U.S.A.", a title Look magazine gave it in 1944. The city has also referred to itself as the "Empire City."
Fernhill, Mulgoa
Fernhill is a heritage-listed former chicken hatchery, plant nursery, guest house, farm, residence, stone mason's yard and piggery and now residence and horse stud located at 1041 Mulgoa Road, in the western Sydney suburb of Mulgoa, New South Wales, Australia. Completed in c. 1840 as a residence for Captain William Cox and family, the house was completed in the Old Colonial Greek Revival style with its design attributed to either Mortimer Lewis, John Verge or Francis Clarke. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Set on 690 hectares (1,700 acres), Fernhill was built as a much grander residence with associated gardens following Cox's earlier construction of The Cottage, that dated from c. 1810. Following Cox's death in 1837, Fernhill was completed under the supervision of one of his sons, Edward.

Shed
A shed is typically a simple, single-storey (though some sheds may have two or more stories and or a loft) roofed structure, often used for storage, for hobbies, or as a workshop, and typically serving as outbuilding, such as in a back garden or on an allotment. Sheds vary considerably in their size and complexity of construction, from simple open-sided ones designed to cover bicycles or garden items to large wood-framed structures with shingled roofs, windows, and electrical outlets. Sheds used on farms or in the industry can be large structures. The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic sheathing and frame, all-wood construction (the roof may be asphalt shingled or sheathed in tin), and vinyl-sided sheds built over a wooden frame. Small sheds may include a wooden or plastic floor, while more permanent ones may be built on a concrete pad or foundation. Sheds may be lockable to deter theft or entry by children, domestic animals, wildlife, etc.
Strato of Lampsacus
Strato of Lampsacus (/ˈstreɪtoʊ/; Ancient Greek: Στράτων ὁ Λαμψακηνός, romanized: Strátōn ho Lampsakēnós, c. 335 – c. 269 BCE) was a Peripatetic philosopher, and the third director (scholarch) of the Lyceum after the death of Theophrastus. He devoted himself especially to the study of natural science, and increased the naturalistic elements in Aristotle's thought to such an extent, that he denied the need for an active god to construct the universe, preferring to place the government of the universe in the unconscious force of nature alone.

Democritus
Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. Democritus wrote extensively on a wide variety of topics.

None of Democritus' original work has survived, except through second-hand references. Many of these references come from Aristotle, who viewed him as an important rival in the field of natural philosophy. He was known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of cheerfulness.
Otera's catalyst
Otera's catalyst, named after Japanese chemist Junzo Otera, is an organostannane compound which has been used as a transesterification catalyst. This isothioscyanate compound is a member of a family of organostannanes reported by Wada and coworkers, and elaborated upon by Otera and coworkers.

Organotin chemistry
Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide ((CH3CH2)2SnI2), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory.
Perpetual bond
A perpetual bond, also known colloquially as a perpetual or perp, is a bond with no maturity date, therefore allowing it to be treated as equity, not as debt. Issuers pay coupons on perpetual bonds forever, and they do not have to redeem the principal. Perpetual bond cash flows are, therefore, those of a perpetuity.

War bond
War bonds (sometimes referred to as victory bonds, particularly in propaganda) are debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war without raising taxes to an unpopular level. They are also a means to control inflation by removing money from circulation in a stimulated wartime economy.  War bonds are either retail bonds marketed directly to the public or wholesale bonds traded on a stock market. Exhortations to buy war bonds have often been accompanied by appeals to patriotism and conscience. Retail war bonds, like other retail bonds, tend to have a yield which is below that offered by the market and are often made available in a wide range of denominations to make them affordable for all citizens.
Solar power in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is a country in Central Asia with a growing demand for electricity. Solar power can play a role in meeting this demand, as the country has abundant solar resources and a strong potential for solar energy generation. The government of Uzbekistan has implemented several initiatives to promote the use of solar power, including the development of large-scale solar power plants and the introduction of incentives for individuals and businesses to install solar panels. Some of the benefits of solar power in Uzbekistan include reduced dependence on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improved energy security.

Solar furnace of Uzbekistan
The solar furnace of Uzbekistan was built in 1981, and is located 45 kilometers away from Tashkent city. The furnace is the largest in Asia. It uses a curved mirror, or an array of mirrors, acting as a parabolic reflector, which can reach temperatures of up to 3,000 degrees Celsius. The solar furnace of Uzbekistan can be visited by the general public.
Malexander
Malexander is a small village in Boxholm Municipality, Sweden, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Linköping and 27 km (17 mi) southeast of Boxholm. It is located close to the lake Sommen and has a jetty where the steamboat S/S Boxholm II stops. It is well known for the 1999 Police Murders.

Boxholm
Boxholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈbʊ̂ksˌhɔlm], [ˈbɔ̂ks-], traditionally also [bʊksˈhɔ̌lm], [bɔks-]) is a locality and the seat of Boxholm Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 3,194 inhabitants in 2010.
2018 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship
The 2018 European Individual Speedway Junior Championship (also known as the 2018 Speedway European Under 21 Championship) was the 21st edition of the Championship.

The final was staged at Stralsund in Germany and was won by Dominik Kubera of Poland.

The U19 final was staged at Varkaus in Finland and was won by Mads Hansen of Denmark.

European Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship
The European Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship was an annual speedway event organised by FIM Europe (formerly the European Motorcycle Union (UEM)) from 1977 to 1988 and again from 2013 to 2020.
Aloch
Aloch (آلوچ) is a town in Shangla District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa included in Puran tehsil. Aloch is a commercial place for business community. Union Council Aloch is the largest Union Council of Tehsil Puran both on area and population basis. Aloch and Nimkalay comparatively have more facilities than the rest of Shangla District. The people at Aloch have almost access to all basic necessities of life and facilities at their doorsteps. They have a good hospital, Session Court, Police Setup, Schools and Colleges for both men and women, NADRA Office, Banks etc. within Aloch. Most of the inhabitants of Aloch belong to Abakhel branch of the subtribe Babozai of the major Pathan tribe Yousafzai. Haji Muhammad Zahid was Ex-Nazim of U.C Aloch.

It lies in the area affected by the 2005 earthquake.

Shangla District
Shangla District (Pashto: شنګله ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع شانگلہ) is a district in Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The district's headquarters are located at Alpuri,.  The district was established in 1995, having previously been a subdivision of Swat District. The total area of the district is 1,586 square kilometers.
Shangla comprises five subdivisions, Alpuri, Puran, Chakesar, Martung and Besham tehsils.
Church Representation and Ministers Measure 2019
The Church Representation and Ministers Measure 2019 (No. 1) is a Church of England measure passed by the General Synod of the Church of England simplifying bureaucracy of the Church of England and simplifying the electoral system of the General Synod of the Church of England.

General Synod of the Church of England
The General Synod is the tricameral deliberative and legislative organ of the Church of England. The synod was instituted in 1970, replacing the Church Assembly, and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self-government for the Church of England that had started in the 1850s.
Superleadership
Superleadership is a style of leadership conceived by Charles Manz and Henry Sims, which is based on individual self-leadership. It is broadly similar to situational leadership theory, rebranding concepts of employee development under a marketable banner. It is often described as "Leading others to lead themselves".

Situational leadership theory
The  Situational Leadership Model is the idea that effective leaders adapt their style to each situation.  No one style is appropriate for all situations.  Leaders may use a different style in each situation, even when working with the same team, followers or employees.

Most models use two dimensions on which leaders can adapt their style:

"Task Behavior":  Whether the leader is giving more direction or giving more autonomy.

"Relationship Behavior":  Whether the leader is working closely with the follower or more at arms length.
2025 World Para Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre butterfly
The men's 50 metre butterfly events at the 2025 World Para Swimming Championships were held at the Singapore Aquatic Centre between 21 and 27 September 2025. Three events will be held over this distance.

2025 World Para Swimming Championships
The 2025 World Para Swimming Championships, known as the Toyota World Para Swimming Championships for sponsorship reasons were the 13th edition of the World Para Swimming Championships, an international swimming competition and world championships for swimmers with disabilities. It was held in Singapore from 21 to 27 September 2025. This was the first time that an Asian country has hosted the World Para Swimming Championships.

The event was organised by the Singapore Disability Sports Council (SDSC) and took place at the 50m x 10 lane competition pool at the OCBC Aquatic Centre within the Singapore Sports Hub. The venue is home to Singapore Swimming Association and was the host venue for the aquatics discipline at the 28th Southeast Asian Games in 2015.

Toyota Asia was the headline sponsor of the Championships for the first time.
1996 Gerry Weber Open
The 1996 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany and was part of the World Series of the 1996 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 17 June through 23 June 1996. Unseeded Nicklas Kulti won the singles title.

1996 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
NGC 3840
NGC 3840 is a spiral galaxy located about 320 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 8, 1864. NGC 3840 is a member of the Leo Cluster. The galaxy is rich in neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) and is not interacting with its environment.

NGC 3840 is likely to be a low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN).

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Anne Legault
Anne Legault (born July 7, 1958) is a Quebec actor, writer and educator.

She was born in Lachine and studied at the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Montréal. Legault performed in children's theatre and on television before she began writing in 1984. Between 1984 and 1994, six of her plays were produced in theatres in Montreal. She received the Governor General's Award for French-language drama in 1986 for her play La Visite des sauvages.

English translations of two of her plays O'Neill and Alma and Mrs Woolf : An Imaginary Encounter were produced in New York City.

Governor General's Award for French-language drama
This is a list of recipients of the Governor General's Award for French-language drama. The award was created in 1981 when the Governor General's Award for French language poetry or drama was divided.

Because the award is presented for plays published in print, a play's eligibility for the award can sometimes be several years later than its initial theatrical staging. Titles which compile several works by the playwright into a single volume may also be nominated for or win the award.
Seeweiher
The Seeweiher is a reservoir north of the village  of Waldernbach in the municipality of Mengerskirchen (county of Limburg-Weilburg) in the Westerwald in the German state of Hesse. It impounds the  Vöhlerbach, a tributary of the Kallenbach which, in turn, flows into the River Lahn. It has a surface area of 13 hectares.

The Seeweiher was impounded in 1452 and is thus one of the oldest reservoirs in Hesse.

Lahn
The Lahn (German pronunciation: [laːn] ⓘ) is a 245.6-kilometre-long (152.6 mi), right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).

It has its source in the Rothaargebirge, the highest part of the Sauerland, in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Lahn meets the Rhine at Lahnstein, near Koblenz. Important cities along the Lahn include Marburg, Gießen, Wetzlar, Limburg an der Lahn, Weilburg and Bad Ems.

Tributaries to the Lahn include the Ohm, Dill, the Weil and the Aar. The lower Lahn has many dams with locks, allowing regular shipping from its mouth up to Runkel. Riverboats also operate on a small section north of the dam in Gießen.
Schaerbeek Beer Museum
The Schaerbeek Beer Museum (French: Musée schaerbeekois de la bière; Dutch: Schaarbeeks Biermuseum) is a museum dedicated to Belgian beers in Schaerbeek, a municipality of Brussels, Belgium. The museum, which is a not-for-profit association (in Belgium, an asbl), was founded in 1993 and officially opened in March 1994.

The museum houses a collection of more than 1000 bottles of Belgian beer and their respective beer glasses. Also exhibited are beer making machines, tools, advertisements and the archives of breweries past and present. The museum also features a reconstructed tavern from the early 1900s.

A beer named the Schaerbeekoise is produced for the museum by the Brasserie des Rocs. This beer, as well as many other varieties of Belgian beer, is served in the museum's own tavern, which is in the former workshops of a nearby school.

Schaerbeek
Schaerbeek (French, pronounced [skaʁbek, -bɛk] ⓘ; former Dutch spelling) or Schaarbeek (modern Dutch, pronounced [ˈsxaːrbeːk] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-eastern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Etterbeek, Evere and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

Schaerbeek has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. As of 1 January 2022, the municipality had a population of 130,690 inhabitants. The total area is 7.9 km2 (3.1 sq mi), which gives a population density of 16,540/km2 (42,800/sq mi), twice the average of Brussels.
1922 Polish presidential elections
Two indirect presidential elections were held in Poland in December 1922. In the first election on 9 December Gabriel Narutowicz was elected president, but he was assassinated five days later. A second election on 22 December was won by Stanisław Wojciechowski.

President of Poland
The president of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Polski [ˈprɛ.zɘ.dɛnt ˈpɔl.ski]), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Prezydent RP)code: pol promoted to code: pl ), is the head of state of Poland. The president's prerogatives and duties are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president jointly exercises the executive power together with the Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. The president has a right to dissolve both chambers of parliament in certain cases determined by the constitution, can veto legislation, represents the Republic on the international stage, and is the commander-in-chief of the nation's Armed Forces.
Savinjek
Savinjek (Slovene pronunciation: [saˈʋiːnjək], also spelled Savinek or Savinjk, and in older sources Zavinek) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Krško in northeastern Slovenia. It is now part of the village of Žabjek v Podbočju. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Žabjek v Podbočju
Žabjek v Podbočju (pronounced [ˈʒaːbjɛk ʍ pɔdˈbóːtʃju]) is a village on the right bank of the Krka River southwest of Podbočje in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
Australian Ninja Warrior season 1
The first season of the sports entertainment reality competition series Australian Ninja Warrior premiered on 9 July  2017 on the Nine Network. The season was hosted by Rebecca Maddern, Ben Fordham & Freddie Flintoff.

50 ninjas ran in each of the five qualifying heats, with the top 18 from each heat moving on to the semi-finals. From the three semi finals, the top 7 competitors moved on to the Grand Final. 9 Competitors finished stage one of the Grand Final, but none completed stage two. Fred Dorrington sat on top of the leaderboard for going the furthest in stage two.

Australian Ninja Warrior
Australian Ninja Warrior was a sports entertainment competition spin-off of the Japanese television series Sasuke which premiered on 9 July 2017 on the Nine Network. It features hundreds of competitors attempting to complete series of obstacle courses of increasing difficulty, in hopes of advancing to the finals and becoming the season's "Australian Ninja Warrior."

On 15 September 2022, the series was cancelled by Nine and wouldn't return in 2023.
1946 Speedway National League
The 1946 National League was the 12th season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain and the first post-war season.

The league had been abandoned seven years previously due to the outbreak of World War II. Record attendances were attracted with Wembley Lions attracting an average of 50,000 and the league as a whole a total of six and a half million. From the abandoned 1939 season, Southampton Saints and Harringay Tigers were no longer racing whilst Odsal Boomerangs brought National League speedway to Bradford for the first time.

Wembley Lions won their second National League title.

On 6 July, a crowd of 34,0000 at Odsal Stadium witnessed Odsal Boomerangs lose to Belle Vue Aces. During the match Albert 'Aussie' Rosenfeld, son of Albert Rosenfeld hit the fence and was taken to St Luke's Hospital, Bradford, with a suspected fractured skull. He died 10 days later, on 16 July 1946.

Knockout Cup (speedway)
Knockout Cup (sometimes referred to as the KO Cup) is a type of British motorcycle speedway competition, examples of which have run annually since 1929.

Each tier of British Speedway has its own respective Knockout Cup. The current Knockout Cup competitions are the SGB Premiership Knockout Cup (tier one), the SGB Championship Knockout Cup (tier two) and the National League Knockout Cup (tier three).

The cups were run in the past under the associated name of the League at the time. For example Elite League Knockout Cup when tier one was the Elite League, a Premier League Knockout Cup when tier two was the Premier League and so on.
Euphoria herbacea
Euphoria herbacea is a species of scarab beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae. It is 15–16 millimetres (0.59–0.63 in) long and is olive-green in color. It is native to the United States, primarily in the central plains and the east of the Mississippi River.

Flower chafer
Flower chafers are a group of scarab beetles comprising the subfamily Cetoniinae. Many species are diurnal and visit flowers for pollen and nectar or to browse on the petals. Some species also feed on fruit. The group is also called fruit and flower chafers, flower beetles, and flower scarabs. Around 4,000 species are known, but many of them are still undescribed.

Ten tribes currently are recognized: Cetoniini, Cremastocheilini, Diplognathini, Goliathini, Gymnetini, Phaedimini, Schizorhinini, Stenotarsiini, Taenioderini, and Xiphoscelidini. The former tribes Trichiini and Valgini were elevated in rank to subfamily. The tribe Gymnetini has the most species of the American tribes, and Goliathini contains the largest species and is mainly found in the rainforest regions of Africa.