hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muley Point (San Juan County, Utah)
Muley Point is a remote cliff and scenic overlook in southern Utah near Mexican Hat in San Juan County, Utah. The view provides panoramic vistas of the desert landscape of southern Utah (Valley of the Gods) and northern Arizona. Monument Valley is visible in the distance while the San Juan River cuts into the canyon below.

Located at the end of a five-mile gravel road off Rte. 261, Muley Point is 25 miles (40 km) south of Natural Bridges National Monument and 20 miles (32 km) north of the Arizona border. Its geographical coordinates are 37°13′59″N 109°59′36″W﻿ / ﻿37.23306°N 109.99333°W﻿ / 37.23306; -109.99333. It lies at an elevation of 6,230 feet (1,900 meters).

Monument Valley
Monument Valley (Navajo: Tsé Biiʼ Ndzisgaii, pronounced [tsʰépìːʔ ǹtsɪ̀skɑ̀ìː], meaning "valley of the rocks") is a region of the Colorado Plateau characterized by a cluster of sandstone buttes, with the largest reaching 1,000 ft (300 m) above the valley floor. The most famous butte formations are located in northeastern Arizona along the Utah–Arizona state line. The valley is considered sacred by the Navajo Nation, the Native American people within whose reservation it lies.

Monument Valley has been featured in many forms of media since the 1930s. Famed director John Ford used the location for a number of his Westerns. Film critic Keith Phipps wrote that "its five square miles [13 km2] have defined what decades of moviegoers think of when they imagine the American West".
Malay Agenda
In Malaysian politics, the Malay Agenda is a concept related to the ideal of ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy or dominance). Although it did not feature in public discussion for much of the 20th century, in the early 2000s, it came to prominence due to its usage in the discourse of several politicians from the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the leading political party in Malaysia. The Malay Agenda is closely related to the UMNO, which sees itself as the guardian of the Malay ethnic group in Malaysia.

Malaysian New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP) (Malay: Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB)) was a social re-engineering and affirmative action program formulated by the National Operations Council (NOC) in the aftermath of the 13 May Incident in Malaysia. This policy was adopted in 1971 for a period of 20 years and it was succeeded by the National Development Policy (NDP) in 1991.
Harry Brodribb Irving
Harry Brodribb Irving  (5 August 1870 – 17 October 1919), was a British stage actor and actor-manager; the eldest son of Sir Henry Irving and his wife Florence (née O'Callaghan), and father of designer Laurence Irving and actress Elizabeth Irving.

Actor-manager
An actor-manager is a leading actor who sets up their own permanent theatrical company and manages the business, sometimes taking over a theatre to perform select plays in which they usually star. It is a method of theatrical production used consistently since the 16th century, particularly common in 19th-century Britain and the United States.
Oblivious pseudorandom function
An oblivious pseudorandom function (OPRF) is a cryptographic function, similar to a keyed-hash function, but with the distinction that in an OPRF two parties cooperate to securely compute a pseudorandom function (PRF).

Password manager
A password manager is a software program that prevents password fatigue by automatically generating, autofilling, and storing passwords. They are useful for local applications or web applications such as online shops or social media. Web browsers tend to have a built-in password manager. Password managers typically require a user to create and remember a single password to unlock to access the stored passwords. Password managers can integrate multi-factor authentication and passkey authentication.
History of the Jews in Ireland
The history of the Jewish People in Ireland extends for almost a millennium. The Jewish community in Ireland has always been small in numbers in modern history, not exceeding 5,500 since at least 1891.

Limerick boycott
The Limerick boycott, also known as the Limerick pogrom, was an economic boycott waged against the small Jewish community in Limerick, Ireland, between 1904 and 1906. It was accompanied by assaults, stone throwing and intimidation, which caused many Jews to leave the city. It was instigated in 1904 by a Redemptorist priest, Father John Creagh. According to a report by the Royal Irish Constabulary, five Jewish families left Limerick "owing directly to the agitation" while another 26 families remained.
Debussy Mélodies
Debussy Mélodies is a 178-minute studio album of sixty of Claude Debussy's art songs, presented roughly in order of composition, performed by Elly Ameling, Michèle Command, Mady Mesplé, Frederica von Stade and Gérard Souzay with piano accompaniment by Dalton Baldwin. It was released in 1980.

Cinq poèmes de Charles Baudelaire
The Cinq poèmes de Charles Baudelaire (L 64) constitute a song cycle for voice and piano by Claude Debussy, on poems taken from Les Fleurs du mal by Charles Baudelaire. Composed from December 1887 to March 1889, these five highly developed vocal pieces were not well received by Parisian musical circles because of the Wagnerian influence they revealed.

This aesthetic, following on from the harmonic innovations of Tristan und Isolde, was gradually abandoned by Debussy, addressing the composition of Pelléas et Mélisande. Thus, the Cinq poèmes de Charles Baudelaire represent a particular moment of the musical evolution of Debussy. Musicologists agree that it is "a work of crisis and transition."
Exchange-rate flexibility
In macroeconomics, a flexible exchange-rate system is a monetary system that allows the exchange rate to be determined by supply and demand.

Every currency area must decide what type of exchange rate arrangement to maintain. Between permanently fixed and completely flexible, some take heterogeneous approaches. They have different implications for the extent to which national authorities participate in foreign exchange markets. According to their degree of flexibility, post-Bretton Woods-exchange rate regimes are arranged into three categories:

Fixed-rate regime: currency unions, dollarized regimes, currency boards and conventional currency pegs

Intermediate regimes: horizontal bands, crawling pegs and crawling bands

Flexible regimes: managed and independent floats

All monetary regimes except for the permanently fixed regime experience the time inconsistency problem and exchange rate volatility, albeit to different degrees.

Currency substitution
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency.

Currency substitution can be full or partial. Full currency substitution can occur after a major economic crisis, such as in Ecuador. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use the currencies of their larger neighbours; for example, Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc.

Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets denominated in a foreign currency or use it as exchange currency, as is currently the case in Venezuela. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution; for example, Argentina was in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s.
Songs for the Saints
Songs for the Saints is the eighteenth studio album by American country music singer Kenny Chesney. It was released on July 27, 2018 via Warner Bros. Nashville and Blue Chair Records. The album's content was inspired by Hurricane Irma.

Buddy Cannon
Buddy Cannon (born April 20, 1947 in Lexington, Tennessee) is an American country music songwriter and record producer active since the 1970s best known for his work with Kenny Chesney and Willie Nelson.
Grünewald (Luxembourg)
The Grünewald (Luxembourgish: Gréngewald) is a forest in central Luxembourg, most of which is owned by the national government. At 3,734 hectares in size, it is the largest forest in Luxembourg, stretching through the communes of Luxembourg City, Niederanven, Steinsel, Walferdange, Lorentzweiler, Junglinster and Sandweiler; the centre of the forest is situated 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north-east of central Luxembourg City. As a result of its proximity to Luxembourg's capital city, it is a popular destination for tourism, leisure, and hospitality. Within the Grünewald are the sources of the Black Ernz and the White Ernz.

Niederanven
Niederanven (German pronunciation: [ˈniːdɐˌʔanvn̩], lit. 'Lower Anven'; Luxembourgish: Nidderaanwen [nidəˈʀaːnvən] ⓘ) is a commune in Luxembourg, located north-east of Luxembourg City, and derives its name from principal town, Niederanven. As of 2023, it has a population of 6,660.

The commune of Niederanven is the intersection for the A1 motorway and N1. Luxembourg Airport is located within the boundaries of the communes of Niederanven and Sandweiler.

As of 2025, Niederanven was ranked as the wealthiest commune in Luxembourg, in terms of both average and median income.
Kritskyia
Kritskyia is a genus of monogeneans in the family Ancyrocephalidae.

Like other monogeneans, species of Kritskyia only have one host required to complete their life cycle. In contrast to most species of monogeneans which are parasitic on the gills or on the skin of fish, species of Kritskyia are parasitic in the urinary organs of fish.

The genus was created by Anna Kohn in 1990, and the definition of the genus was emended by Boeger, Tanaka and Pavanelli in 2001. The name of the genus honours the American parasitologist Delane C. Kritsky, "for his contribution to our knowledge of Brazilian Monogenea".

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
NGC 3048
NGC 3048 is a pair of spiral galaxies located in the constellation Leo. It was discovered on April 27, 1864, by German astronomer Albert Marth. The object consists of a visual pair of galaxies, PGC 1509261 and PGC 28595. PGC 1509261 is likely a physical pair with a much fainter galactic object not a part of the New General Catalogue, J095458+162726.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
2013–14 Cypriot Cup
The 2013–14 Cypriot Cup was the 72nd edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 30 clubs entered the competition. It began on 23 October 2013 with the first round and concluded on 21 May 2014 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. APOEL won their 20th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Ermis Aradippou 2–0 in the final.

2012–13 Cypriot Cup
The 2012–13 Cypriot Cup was the 71st edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 28 clubs entered the competition. It began on 31 October 2012 with the first round and concluded on 22 May 2013 with the final which was held at Tsirion Stadium. Apollon Limassol won their 7th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating AEL Limassol 2–1 (aet) in the final.
Märchenbrunnen
The Märchenbrunnen (simply the "fountain of fairy tales") is located in the Volkspark Friedrichshain in Berlin. In 1893 the authorities of Berlin issued the artistic entrance to the People's Park Friedrichshain. The fountain of fairy tales was commissioned by the National Park and later designed by Ludwig Hoffmann. Hoffmann put forward the idea of a fountain in the park to depict fairy tales. Hoffmann describes this in his memoirs.

Hansel and Gretel
"Hansel and Gretel" (/ˈhænsəl, ˈhɛn- ... ˈɡrɛtəl/; German: Hänsel und Gretel [ˈhɛnzl̩ ʔʊnt ˈɡʁeːtl̩]) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812 as part of Grimms' Fairy Tales (KHM 15).

Hansel and Gretel are siblings who are abandoned in a forest and fall into the hands of a witch who lives in a house made of bread, cake, and sugar. The witch, who has cannibalistic intentions, intends to fatten Hansel before eventually eating him. However, Gretel saves her brother by pushing the witch into her own oven, killing the witch. The children then escape with the witch's treasure.

Set in medieval Germany, "Hansel and Gretel" has been adapted into various media, including the opera Hänsel und Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck, which was first performed in 1893.
Tinpiple, Lamjung
Tinpiple is situated near the Chepe River. The Chepe River is the borderline between the Gorkha and Lamjung districts and originates in Dudhpokhari. The river has a long historical background and is seen as a sign of love and affection as well as the barrier to brotherhood.

Tinpiple is situated in the Rainas Municipality of the Lamjung District of Nepal. It is an agricultural village with a high potential for agricultural product. This village is the residence for hundreds of ethnic groups and other diversified communities.

Tinpiple is also a trekking pathway to high mountain trekking of the Annapurna Circuit, as a peak of 4700m is located in the same district. Tinpiple is related to the history of Nepal and the Nepalese from the time when Nepal was divided into more than forty-five Kingdoms. Dudhpokhari is the symbolic lake of peace in Nepali history which had played vital role to stop a fight between two brothers, the kings of Lamjung and Gorkha.

Dudhpokhari
Dudhpokhari (दूधपोखरी) is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. The name Dudhpokhari is derived from the lake which lies in the base of Himalchuli. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 10,975 people living in 2590 individual households. The highest elevation is Mount Himalchuli. Dudhpokhari kunda, which lies in the base of himalchuli, is a popular religious destination which attracts thousand of Hindus in Shrawan during Janai Purnima.
Fort Fredrick
Fort Fredrick (Tamil: திருகோணமலை கோட்டை, romanized: Tirukōṇamalai Kōṭṭai; Sinhala: ත්‍රිකුණාමලය බලකොටුව, romanized: Thrinkunamalaya Balakotuwa), also known as Trincomalee Fort or Fort of Triquillimale, is a fort built by the Portuguese at Trincomalee, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, completed in 1624 CE, built on Swami Rock-Konamamalai from the debris of the world-famous ancient Hindu Koneswaram temple (Temple of a Thousand Pillars). The temple was destroyed by the Portuguese colonial Constantino de Sá de Noronha under Phillip III, occupier of the Jaffna kingdom and Malabar country on the island. On the Konamalai cape was also built a new village of Portuguese and Tamil people, 50 Portuguese soldiers and inside the fort, a church named after "Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe". The Fort of Triquillimale was dismantled and rebuilt by the Dutch in 1665, renamed Fort Fredrick.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Christophe Girard
Christophe Girard (born July 21, 1967) is a French former boxer who fought at light heavyweight and cruiserweight. Girard challenged for a world title on three occasions, twice against Dariusz Michalczewski in 1996 for the  WBO Light-Heavyweight title and against Johnny Nelson for the WBO Cruiserweight title in 1999.

Christophe is the older brother of two weight World Champion Bruno Girard.

Cruiserweight (boxing)
Cruiserweight, also referred to as junior heavyweight, is a weight class in professional boxing between light heavyweight and heavyweight. Before the advent of the current cruiserweight class, "light heavyweight" and "cruiserweight" were sometimes used interchangeably in the United Kingdom.
Kingsbury Episcopi
Kingsbury Episcopi is a village and civil parish on the River Parrett in Somerset, England, situated 9 miles (14.5 km) north west of Yeovil.  The village has a population of 1,307. The parish includes the villages of West Lambrook, East Lambrook and Thorney.

Yeovil
Yeovil (/ˈjoʊvɪl/) is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is close to Somerset's southern border with Dorset, 126 miles (203 km) west of London, 42 miles (68 km) south of Bristol, 6 miles (10 km) west of Sherborne and 28 miles (45 km) east of Taunton. The population of the built-up area – which includes the outlying areas of the town in the parishes of West Coker, Brympton and Yeovil Without – was 50,176 at the 2021 census.

The aircraft and defence industries which developed in the 20th century made it a target for bombing in the Second World War; they are still major employers. Yeovil Country Park, which includes Ninesprings, is one of several open spaces with educational, cultural and sporting facilities. Religious sites include the 14th-century Church of St John the Baptist. The town is on the A30 and A37 roads and has two railway stations.
Church of Ceylon
The Church of Ceylon (Sinhala: ලංකා සභාව, romanized: laṁkā sabhāva) is the Anglican Church in Sri Lanka. It is an extraprovincial jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who serves as its Metropolitan. It was established in 1845 with the appointment of the first Anglican Bishop of Colombo, James Chapman and until 1950 it consisted of a single diocese; in that year a second diocese was established at Kurunegala. In 2017, Growth and Decline in the Anglican Communion: 1980 to the Present, published by Routledge, collected research reporting there were 54,200 Anglicans in Sri Lanka.

Church Mission Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British Anglican mission society working internationally with Christians. CMS was founded in 1799, and has given its name "CMS" to a number of daughter organisations around the world, including Australia and New Zealand, which have now become independent.
Ōsato, Saitama
Ōsato (大里町, Ōsato-machi) was a town located in Ōsato District, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,325 and a density of 534.34 persons per km2. The total area was 15.58 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Ōsato, along with the town of Menuma (also from Ōsato District), was merged into the expanded city of Kumagaya and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Kumagaya
Kumagaya (熊谷市, Kumagaya-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 195,277 in 87,827 households and a population density of 1200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 159.82 square kilometres (61.71 sq mi).
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Madrid
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Madrid, are organized by the Madrid Football Federation:

Primera Autonómica de Aficionados, 2 Groups of 18 teams (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Categoría Preferente de Aficionados, 4 Groups of 18 teams (Level 7)

Categoría Primera de Aficionados, 8 Groups of 18 teams (Level 8)

Categoría Segunda de Aficionados, 24 Groups of 16 teams  (Level 9)

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol (Regional Football Divisions) are the Spanish football regional divisions. They are administered by the Autonomous football federations. The level immediately above (in the fifth tier) is the Tercera División RFEF. The autonomous regional divisions include:
Rma A small RNA
In molecular biology, the regulator of motility and amylovoran A (RmaA) gene is a bacterial non-coding RNA. It was discovered in genome-wide identification of Hfq binding sRNAs in plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Together with Hfq it positively controls motility and negatively controls  the production of acidic exopolysaccharide amylovoran  in E. amylovora.

Hfq binding sRNA
An Hfq binding sRNA is an sRNA that binds the bacterial RNA binding protein called Hfq. A number of bacterial small RNAs which have been shown to bind to Hfq have been characterised (see list).
Many of these RNAs share a similar structure composed of three stem-loops.  Several studies have expanded this list, and experimentally validated a total of 64 Hfq binding sRNA in Salmonella Typhimurium. A transcriptome wide study on Hfq binding sites in Salmonella mapped 126 Hfq binding sites within sRNAs. Genomic SELEX has been used to show that Hfq binding RNAs are enriched in the sequence motif 5′-AAYAAYAA-3′. Genome-wide study identified 40 candidate Hfq-dependent sRNAs in plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. 12 of them were confirmed by Northern blot.
Boven Saramacca
Boven Saramacca is a resort in Suriname, located in the Sipaliwini District.  Its population at the 2012 census was 1,427. The dominant geographical feature of this resort is the Saramacca River. The resort is mainly inhabited by Maroons of the Matawai tribe.

The main village is Nieuw Jacobkondre which can be reached via an unpaved which connects to the Southern East-West Link and from there to the rest of the country.  The Njoeng Jacob Kondre Airstrip also serves Nieuw Jacobkondre. Poesoegroenoe is home to the granman of the Matawai.

Resorts of Suriname
The ten districts of Suriname are divided into 63 resorts (Dutch: ressorten). Within the capital city of Paramaribo, a resort entails a neighbourhood; in other cases it is more akin to a municipality, consisting of a central place with a few settlements around it. The resorts in the Sipaliwini District are especially large, since the interior of Suriname is sparsely inhabited.

The average resort is about 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and has almost 8,000 inhabitants. According to article 161 of the Constitution of Suriname, the highest political body of the resort is the resort council. Elections for the resort council are held every five years and are usually at the same time as the Suriname general elections.