hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saspol Caves
Saspol Caves (a.k.a. Gon-Nila-Phuk Cave Temples) are situated in the hills behind Saspol, Ladakh, India, which is about 76 km from the city centre of Leh. Paintings exist in five caves, two of them extensively damaged. One of the painted caves, that have been given a coat of lime wash and red paint in the exterior is the most visited and is considered as the main cave. The paintings of Anuttarayoga Tantra (also known as Yoganiruttaratantra) in the main cave are very rare for the period of execution. These caves are under the administration of Likir Monastery.

Leh
Leh (English: /'leɪ/, Hindi: ['leː(ɦ)]) is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region.   It is the largest city and the joint capital of Ladakh.   It has been the capital of Ladakh since the Medieval Period. Leh, located in the Leh district, was also the historical capital of the Kingdom of Ladakh. The seat of the kingdom, Leh Palace, the former residence of the royal family of Ladakh, was built in the same style and about the same time as the Potala Palace in Tibet. Since they were both constructed in a similar style and at roughly the same time, the Potala Palace in Tibet and Leh Palace, the royal residence, are frequently contrasted. Leh is at an altitude of 3,524 m (11,562 ft), and is connected via National Highway 1 to Srinagar in the southwest and to Manali in the south via the Leh-Manali Highway (part of National Highway 3).
Gong Zutong
Gong Zutong (Chinese: 龚祖同; Wade–Giles: Kung Tsu-t'ung; 10 November 1904 – 26 June 1986) was a Chinese optical physicist. He was a founder of China's optical glass industry and served as Founding Director of the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He was elected an academician of the CAS in 1980.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Scott McGhee
Garfield Portz (born 1 May 1959) is an English retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Scott McGhee. He is best known for his appearances in the United States with Championship Wrestling from Florida, Jim Crockett Promotions, and the World Wrestling Federation in the 1980s. Portz is the son of professional wrestler Geoff Portz (1931–2016).

NWA Southeastern United States Junior Heavyweight Championship
The NWA Southeastern Junior Heavyweight Championship was a secondary title for wrestlers considered "Junior Heavyweights", that is weighing under 230 lbs. It was promoted in the Alabama, Florida, Tennessee and Mississippi region from 1975 until 1989, first by Southeastern Championship Wrestling from 1975 to 1985 then by its successor Continental Championship Wrestling from 1985 to 1988 and finally by the Continental Wrestling Federation between 1988 and 1989.
Electoral district of Sydney-Flinders
Sydney-Flinders was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1894 in inner Sydney from part of the electoral district of South Sydney and named after maritime explorer Matthew Flinders. It was in the Surry Hills area, bounded by Riley Street, Oxford Street, South Dowling Street, Nobbs Street, Davies Street and Tudor Street. It was abolished in 1904 and absorbed into the electoral district of Surry Hills.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Saltville, Virginia
Saltville is a town in Smyth and Washington counties in the U.S. state of Virginia. The population was 1,824 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kingsport–Bristol (TN)–Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

Tri-Cities (Tennessee–Virginia)
The Tri-Cities is the region comprising the cities of Kingsport, Johnson City, and Bristol and the surrounding smaller towns and communities in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. All three cities are located in Northeast Tennessee, while Bristol has a twin city of the same name in Virginia.

The Tri-Cities region was formerly a single Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); due to the U.S. Census Bureau's revised definitions of urban areas in the early 2000s, it is now a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with two metropolitan components: Johnson City and Kingsport–Bristol, TN–VA.  However, the Tri-Cities are usually still considered one population center, which is the fifth-largest in Tennessee.
Cornelia Connelly
Cornelia Connelly, SHCJ (née Cornelia Peacock; January 15, 1809 – April 18, 1879) was an American-born educator who was the foundress of the Society of the Holy Child Jesus, a religious congregation in the Roman Catholic Church. In 1846, she founded the first of many Holy Child schools in England. A beatification process for Connelly has been opened. In 1992, she was proclaimed as venerable by Pope John Paul II.

St Leonards-on-Sea
St Leonards-on-Sea (commonly known as St Leonards) is a town and seaside resort in the borough of Hastings in East Sussex, England. It has been part of the borough since the late 19th century and lies to the west of central Hastings. The original part of the settlement was laid out in the early 19th century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off; it also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church. Today's St Leonards has extended well beyond that original design, although the original town still exists within it.
Club Atlético Excursionistas
Club Atlético Excursionistas is an Argentine sports club based in the Belgrano neighbourhood of Buenos Aires. The club is mainly known for their football team. It currently plays in the Primera B Metropolitana, the third level of the Argentine football league system.

Talleres de Remedios de Escalada
Club Atlético Talleres, usually called Talleres de Remedios de Escalada, is an Argentine sports club sited in the Remedios de Escalada district of Lanús Partido, Greater Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system. The club also has a women's football section.

Apart from football, a wide range of sports are practised at the club, some of them are artistic gymnastics, basketball, boxing, field hockey, futsal, handball, roller skating, taekwondo, tennis, volleyball, and yoga.
Baysgarth School
Baysgarth School is a coeducational secondary school located in Barton-upon-Humber, North Lincolnshire, England.

The school was established in 1975 through the merger of Barton Grammar School and Beretun Secondary Modern School, and it spans both of the former school locations.

Baysgarth is a community school administered by North Lincolnshire Council. Since 2006 the school has had a specialism in technology. School curriculum includes GCSEs, NVQs and ASDAN courses.

The school previously had a partnership with Brigg Sixth Form (which includes Sir John Nelthorpe School and The Vale Academy) to offer a wider range of sixth form courses over the three school sites. However Baysgarth School is no longer part of this consortium.

The Vale Academy
The Vale Academy is a co-educational secondary school with academy status on Atherton Way in the market town of Brigg, North Lincolnshire, England.

The Vale Academy is one of two schools in Brigg, the other being Sir John Nelthorpe School, they previously operated as the Brigg Sixth Form College.
NERD (sabermetrics)
In baseball statistics, NERD is a quantitative measure of expected aesthetic value. NERD was originally created by Carson Cistulli and is part of his project of exploring the "art" of sabermetric research. The original NERD formula only took into account the pitcher's expected performance while a later model factors in the entire team's performance.

Sabermetrics
Sabermetrics (originally SABRmetrics)  is the original or blanket term for sports analytics for the empirical analysis of baseball, especially the development of advanced metrics based on baseball statistics that measure in-game activity. The term is derived from the movement's progenitors, members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), founded in 1971, and was coined by Bill James, 
(in 1980, according to SABR.org), who is one of its pioneers and considered its most prominent advocate and public face.

The term moneyball refers to the use of metrics to identify "undervalued players" and sign them to what ideally will become "below market value" contracts; it began as an effort by small-market teams to compete with the much greater resources of big-market ones.
120×570mm NATO
120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch), also known as 120×570mmR, is a common, NATO-standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns, superseding the earlier 105×617mmR cartridge used in NATO-standard rifled tank guns.

IMI 120 mm gun
The IMI 120 mm gun is an L44 smoothbore tank gun designed and produced by Israeli Military Industries (IMI). It is widely confused as a licensed production of the Rheinmetall L44 tank gun, however it was developed by IMI from 1983 to 1988, to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces' Merkava Mark III main battle tank, i.e. a narrower mount like in the M60, both tanks designed around a 105 mm gun.

It was first revealed in 1989 when it was shown to be the main armament of the Merkava Mark III. In 1990 the Israel Defense Prize was awarded to Israeli Military Industries for this development, which gave Israel the means to produce tank guns independently.
Return of the Queen Tour
Return of the Queen Tour is a headlining tour by American rapper Lil' Kim. The tour, her first since 2010, was launched in support of her promotional singles and to mark her return to the music scene. The tour was first announced in April, 2012. In May, 2012, it was announced that Kim would return to South Africa for 3 dates starting in September. It would mark her second time performing there following her 2011 performance at ZARfest. However, in July, 2012, the company responsible for organising the shows, Hunnypot Entertainment, announced that the dates had been cancelled.

In total the tour had 22 shows around North America and grossed over $290k per show.

Not Tonight (song)
"Not Tonight" is a song performed by the American rapper Lil' Kim featuring Jermaine Dupri for her debut studio album Hard Core (1996). A remix was released the following year featuring female rappers Da Brat, Missy "Misdeameanor" Elliott, Angie Martinez, and the late rapper Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes for the Nothing to Lose soundtrack. It was released on June 24, 1997, by Atlantic Records.

The remix became a hit in the U.S., peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the Rap Songs chart, and was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards. Internationally, "Not Tonight" peaked at number four in New Zealand and entered the top 20 on the UK Singles Chart, reaching number 11.
UMBC Transit
UMBC Transit is the official bus system of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Along with the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA), the UMBC community has public transit access to nearby areas such as Catonsville, Arbutus, Maryland, and Baltimore City.

The system has several bus shuttle lines that are available to UMBC's students, faculty, and staff. All are free by showing of one's campus identification card.

University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.
Italians in France
Italian French (Italian: italo-francesi; French: italo-français) are French-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to France during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in France.

Italian migration into what is today France has been going on, in different migrating cycles, for centuries, beginning in prehistoric times right to the modern age. In addition, Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1768, and the county of Nice and Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to France in 1860.

About 5.5 million French nationals are of Italian origin, corresponding to about 8% of the total population (including Corsicans).

Henri de Tonti
Henri de Tonti (born Enrico Tonti; c. 1649 – September 1704) was an Italian-born French military officer and explorer who assisted René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle during the French colonization of the Americas from 1678 to 1686. de Tonti was one of the first explorers to navigate and sail the upper Great Lakes. He also sailed the Illinois and the Mississippi, to its mouth and thereupon claimed the length of the Mississippi for Louis XIV of France. He is credited with founding the settlement that would become Peoria, Illinois. De Tonti established the first permanent European settlement in the lower Mississippi valley, known as Poste de Arkansea, making him "The Father of Arkansas".
Towers Historic District
The Towers Historic District is a historic district in Narragansett, Rhode Island, encompassing a city block bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Exchange Place, Mathewson and Taylor Streets.  It is centered on The Towers, the surviving remnant of the Narragansett Casino, built 1883-86 to a design by McKim, Mead & White.  This area was always near the center of resort-oriented development in Narragansett from the mid-19th century on, including four summer cottages on Taylor and Mathewson Streets built in the 1860s and 1870s.  Most of the casino was destroyed by fire in 1900, leaving its stone towers, and the nearby Coast Guard station, also designed by McKim, Mead & White.  The oldest building in the district is an 1822 2+1⁄2-story house at 18 Mathewson Street.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Narragansett Pier Life Saving Station
The Coast Guard House  is a historic lifesaving station at 40 Ocean Road in Narragansett, Rhode Island.

The station was built in 1888 by McKim, Mead, and White, during the heyday of Narragansett Pier as a summer resort community.  It is a roughly oblong block, semicircular at its north end, with a steep slate roof that curves with the line of the wall at the north end.  The building served as a lifesaving station from 1888 to 1946, and was converted to a restaurant in the 1960s.  This resulted in the addition of a large dining area to the south and east, and the leveling of the floor in the boat storage area.  The southern end of the second floor was damaged by fire in 1975.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Fort Ridgely
Fort Ridgely was a frontier United States Army outpost from 1851 to 1867, built 1853–1854 in Minnesota Territory.  The Sioux called it Esa Tonka.  It was located overlooking the Minnesota River southwest of Fairfax, Minnesota. Half of the fort's land was part of the south reservation in the Minnesota River valley for the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute tribes. Fort Ridgely had no defensive wall, palisade, or guard towers. The Army referred to the fort as the "New Post on the Upper Minnesota" until it was named for two Maryland Army Officers named Ridgely (Randolph and Lott Henderson), who died during the Mexican–American War. (Many sources also cite Captain Thomas P. Ridgely as a namesake, but he died at a residence in Baltimore.)

Mdewakanton
The Mdewakanton or Mdewakantonwan (also spelled Mdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ and currently pronounced Bdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ) are one of the sub-tribes of the Isanti (Santee) Dakota (Sioux).  Their historic home is Mille Lacs Lake (Dakota: Mde Wákhaŋ/Bde Wákhaŋ, Spirit/Mystic Lake) in central Minnesota.  Together with the Wahpekute (Waȟpékhute – "Shooters Among the Trees"), they form the so-called Upper Council of the Dakota or Santee Sioux (Isáŋyáthi – "Knife Makers"). Today their descendants are members of federally recognized tribes in Minnesota, South Dakota and Nebraska of the United States, and First Nations in Manitoba, Canada.
Phemeranthus sediformis
Phemeranthus sediformis, commonly called Okanagan fameflower, is a species of flowering plant in the montia family Montiaceae. It is native to the Okanagan Highlands and Kettle River Range in north central Washington state, United States, and south central British Columbia, Canada.  Populations are confined to elevations between 800 and 1,500 m (2,600 and 4,900 ft) on south to southwest facing rocky slopes, outcrops, and knolls. The first specimens were collected by John Jeffrey in 1851, but the species was not named until 1933–1934 when a series of three separate papers describing the plant were published. The species is one of Canada's most range-restricted plants.  Despite the small native range, it transplants and adapts easily to gardens and has been part of rock garden and alpine garden seed catalogues for a number of years.

Montiaceae
Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, with about 17 genera and about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.

The family Montiaceae was newly adopted in the APG III system and includes members of the Caryophyllales formerly listed in Portulacaceae. It is known by the common names of spring beauty family or the montia family.
Banks Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Banks Township is a township in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 914 at the 2020 census. It was named after William Banks, a well-known Indiana attorney. It contains the communities of Flora, Horton (previously Smithport), Johnsonburg, Keal Run, Lochvale, Madeline, Raytown, Smithville, and Urey.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
1962 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
The 1962 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1962, and was a race for Governor of Oklahoma. Republican Henry Bellmon defeated Democrat W. P. Bill Atkinson and Independent L. Richard Zavitz to become the first Republican governor of Oklahoma. Former governor Raymond D. Gary, lieutenant governor George Nigh, state senator Fred R. Harris, and State Treasurer William A. Burkhart unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination.

Roger Mills County, Oklahoma
Roger Mills County is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,442, making it the fourth-least populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is Cheyenne. The county was created in 1891.

Roger Mills county is located above the petroleum-rich Panhandle-Hugoton Field, making it one of the leading sources of oil, natural gas, and helium. The county also overlies part of the Ogallala Aquifer.
Xenon oxydifluoride
Xenon oxydifluoride is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula XeOF2. The first definitive isolation of the compound was published on 3 March 2007, producing it by the previously-examined route of partial hydrolysis of xenon tetrafluoride.

XeF4 + H2O  →  XeOF2 + 2 HF

The compound has a T-shaped geometry.  It is a weak Lewis acid, adducing acetonitrile and forming the trifluoroxenate(IV) ion in hydrogen fluoride.  With strong fluoride acceptors, the latter generates the hydroxydifluoroxenonium(IV) ion (HOXeF+2), suggesting a certain Brønsted basicity as well.

Although stable at low temperatures, it rapidly decomposes upon warming, either by losing the oxygen atom or by disproportionating into xenon difluoride and xenon dioxydifluoride:

2 XeOF2  →  2 XeF2 + O2

2 XeOF2  →  XeF2 + XeO2F2

Xenon dioxydifluoride
Xenon dioxydifluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula XeO2F2. At room temperature it exists as a metastable solid, which decomposes slowly into xenon difluoride, but the cause of this decomposition is unknown.
114th United States Congress
The 114th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two years of Barack Obama's presidency. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census.

The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate and the House for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929–1931. As of 2025, this was the most recent Congress in which the Senate was controlled by the opposing party of the president for its entire session.

Steering and policy committees of the United States House of Representatives
In the United States House of Representatives, the two major political parties maintain policy and steering committees. Their primary purpose is to assign fellow party members to other House committees, and they also advise party leaders on policy.

The House Democratic Caucus has a combined single steering and policy committee, while the House Republican Conference divides the duties between two groups: a policy committee and a steering committee.