hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xanthobacteraceae
The Xanthobacteraceae are a family of bacteria that includes Azorhizobium, a genus of rhizobia. Xanthobacteraceae bacteria are diverse and Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and may be motile or non-motile depending on the specific bacteria. Their cells range in size from 0.4–1.0 × 0.8–6 μm, but when grown in the presence of alcohol as the sole carbon source, they can reach up to 10 μm in length. These bacteria do not form spores and have opaque, slimy colonies that appear slightly yellow due to the presence of zeaxanthin dirhamnoside.

The genus Xanthobacter was established in 1978 by Wiegel et al. based on numerical taxonomic comparisons of microorganisms that were then classified in the genus Corynebacterium. In 2005, Lee et al. proposed the family Xanthobacteraceae based on a comparison of 16S rRNA of the members of Alphaproteobacteria. The family includes five genera, namely Xanthobacter, Azorhizobium, Ancylobacter, Labrys, and Starkeya.

Azorhizobium
Azorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria. They fix nitrogen in symbiosis with plants in the genus Sesbania. Strain ORS571 of A. caulinodans has been fully sequenced.

Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 has exceptional properties because it is able to fix nitrogen in both aerobic free-living and symbiotic states

Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 is a rice and wheat endophyte, and does not need plant metabolites to make functional nitrogenase, but low nitrogenase expression is observed when it is living in cereal roots.
Aldershvile Slotspark
Aldershvile slotspark is a public park in Bagsværd, Gladsaxe Municipality, situated on the south side of Bagsværd Lake in the northwestern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. Originally laid out as the Romantic gardens of a country house, Aldershvile, the park still contains the ruins of the main building, which was destroyed in a fire in 1909.

Bagsværd
Bagsværd (Danish pronunciation: [ˈpɑwˌsveˀɐ̯]) is a middle-class suburb located approximately 12 km northwest of central Copenhagen, in the Gladsaxe Municipality. Bagsværd houses the headquarters of Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk and biotechnology company Novonesis, as well as the Baltic and International Maritime Council.
Optic cup (embryology)
During embryonic development of the eye, the outer wall of the bulb of the optic vesicles becomes thickened and invaginated, and the bulb is thus converted into a cup, the optic cup (or ophthalmic cup), consisting of two strata of cells.  These two strata are continuous with each other at the cup margin, which ultimately overlaps the front of the lens and reaches as far forward as the future aperture of the pupil.

The optic cup is part of the diencephalon and gives rise to the retina of the eye.

Optic vesicle
The eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula (pouches) from the lateral aspects of the forebrain. These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube; after the closure of the tube around the 4th week of development, they are known as the optic vesicles. Previous studies of optic vesicles suggest that the surrounding extraocular tissues – the surface ectoderm and extraocular mesenchyme – are necessary for normal eye growth and differentiation.

They project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk, which goes on to form the optic nerve.
New Mexico State Road 162
State Road 162 (NM 162) is a 2.600-mile (4.184 km) state highway in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States, that connects U.S. Route 84 (US 84), south of Tierra Amarilla, with U.S. Route 64 / US 84 (US 64 / US 84 in Tierra Amarilla. NM 162 forms an eastern loop off of NM 84 and is a asphalt paved, two-lane road for its entire length.

Española, New Mexico
Española /ɛspənˈjoʊlə/ is a city primarily in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. A portion of the central and eastern section of the city is in Santa Fe County. Founded as a railroad village, it was named Española, with a post office established in 1881, and officially incorporated in 1925. It has been called the first capital city in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was at 10,526. Española is within the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area. The city is home to Northern New Mexico College.
Tambovskaya Peak
Tambovskaya Peak (71°41′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.683°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.683; 12.333) is the central peak, 2,750 m, of Grakammen Ridge in Westliche Petermann Range, Wohlthat Mountains. Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60; remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after the city of Tambov.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tambovskaya Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Wohlthat Mountains
71°35′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.333
Wohlthat Mountains (German: Wohlthatmassiv) is a large group of associated mountain features consisting of the Humboldt Mountains, Petermann Ranges, and the Gruber Mountains, located immediately east of the Orvin Mountains in Fimbulheimen in the central Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat, who as economist and fiscal officer dealt with the organization of the expedition.

The area was reconnoitered and aerially photographed by the 5th Indian Antarctic Expedition (Nov 1985-Mar 1986) with a three-month temporary summer camp established there. The area was revisited by later Indian Antarctic expeditions.
David Gillick
David Gillick (born 9 July 1983, in Dublin) is an Irish international track and field athlete. He began his education in Our Lady's Boys School and attended St Benildus College secondary school in Kilmacud. He studied at Dublin Institute of Technology before moving to Loughborough University in the United Kingdom to train as a full-time athlete with coach Nick Dakin. Gillick specialises in the 400 metres and he won the European Indoor Championship in 2005 and 2007, as well as the Irish National Outdoor Championship in 2006 and 2007. He set the Irish Indoor record of 45.52 seconds in the 2007 final. The time also beat the Irish outdoor record of 45.58 and was within the Olympic 'A' qualifying standard for the 2008 Games. On 4 July 2009 he ran 44.77 seconds in a race in Madrid to set a new national record. He is also the 2009 Irish national 200 m champion.

2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in the National Indoor Arena (NIA) in Birmingham, England, from Friday, 2 March to Sunday, 4 March 2007. Birmingham also held the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Milk coffee
Milk coffee is a category of coffee-based drinks made with milk. Johan Nieuhof, the Dutch ambassador to China, is credited as the first person to drink coffee with milk when he experimented with it around 1660.

Wiener Melange
A Melange (or Wiener Melange - "Vienna blend") is a specialty coffee drink similar to a cappuccino.  The difference is that the Melange is made with milder coffee.  At Cafe Sperl in Vienna, the Melange is half a cup of brewed coffee with half a cup of steamed cream, topped with milk foam. Nescafe, Mövenpick and Lufthansa Catering however serve Wiener Melange as coffee blended with cocoa – no matter whether foam topped or not.

The English term "Cafe Vienna" and the French café viennois usually refer to espresso con panna – topped with whipped cream instead of milk foam. Ordering a Wiener Melange may yield the arrival of an espresso con panna even in Vienna, though this is properly called a Franziskaner (Franciscan friar). The reference to Franciscan friars parallels the term "cappuccino", similar to the Austrian coffee preparation or "Kapuziner", which derives its name from the brown color of the robes worn by Capuchin friars.
Kalodont
Kalodont is a toothpaste brand by Croatian manufacturer Saponia, based in Osijek.

The original product was manufactured by F. A. Sarg's Sohn & Co. from Vienna, and sold in Austria-Hungary starting with 1887. It later became widely distributed, in 34 other countries, and obtained a near-monopoly status that caused the word "kalodont" to become synonymous with the word for "tooth paste" in South Slavic languages. It was also advertised and sold in Russia in 1927. Production, at the time based in Yugoslavia, ceased in 1981, but the product returned to the market in 2012, as Saponia attempted to revitalize its old brands.

Aside from being a toothpaste brand, the name is used for a popular South Slavic word game.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.
3rd federal electoral district of Jalisco
The 3rd federal electoral district of Jalisco (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 03 de Jalisco) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 20 such districts in the state of Jalisco.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is José Mario Íñiguez Franco of the National Action Party (PAN).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
South School (Reedsburg, Wisconsin)
South School is a historic school building in the city of Reedsburg, Wisconsin. It was designed by Frank Moulton in the Colonial Revival style, and built in 1937. South School served over 250 students every year in the School District of Reedsburg, until it was closed in 2019. In 2023, the building finished renovations into an 11-unit apartment building. The gym and a playground are now public space for the community.

Reedsburg, Wisconsin
Reedsburg is a city in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. Its population in 2020 was 9,984. The city is located 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Madison within the Baraboo micropolitan area. The city is surrounded by the Town of Reedsburg and is situated along the Baraboo River. It is the second-largest city in Sauk County after Baraboo, with a population of 9,984 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Prior to the arrival of non-indigenous people in the 19th century, the region was home to the Ho-Chunk people.  Reedsburg was first settled by James W. Babb in 1845. David C. Reed arrived in 1847, building a dam and being the namesake of the town. After the town was platted in 1852, growth would continue through its incorporation as a city in 1887. Historically, the area has relied on agriculture and manufacturing industries.

Reedsburg would grow significantly following World War II and again from 1990–2010.
Fire retardant
A fire retardant is a substance that is used to slow down or stop the spread of fire or reduce its intensity.  This is commonly accomplished by chemical reactions that reduce the flammability of fuels or delay their combustion. Fire retardants may also cool the fuel through physical action or endothermic chemical reactions. Fire retardants are available as powder, to be mixed with water, as fire-fighting foams and fire-retardant gels.

Fire retardants are commonly used in fire fighting, where they may be applied aerially or from the ground.

Firefighting foam
Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, thus achieving suppression of the combustion. Firefighting foam was invented by the Moldovan engineer and chemist Aleksandr Loran in 1902.

The surfactants used must produce foam in concentrations of less than 1%. Other components of fire-retardant foams are organic solvents (e.g., trimethyl-trimethylene glycol and hexylene glycol), foam stabilizers (e.g., lauryl alcohol), and corrosion inhibitors.
Taimani
Taimani (Dari: تایمنی), also spelled Taimany and also called Proja-e-Taimany or Taimani Project, is a locality in north-western Kabul, Afghanistan. It forms part of administrative District 4. Taimani is located near Shahr-e-Naw, Kolola Pushta and Khair Khana.

Shahr-e Naw
Shahr-e Naw (Pashto: شهر نو; Dari: شهرنو) is one of the affluent neighborhoods in Kabul, Afghanistan. It is a downtown commercial area housing most of the bigger buildings such as office centers, shopping centers, embassies, supermarkets, hotels, popular restaurants, banks, hospitals, mosques, and luxury apartments. To its west lies Karte Sakhi, and to its east is the affluent Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood. Its name in a general sense means New Town, which is taken as it was first built in the early 20th century as a 'new' urban extension north of the historic city of Kabul.
Oppenheimer Blue
The Oppenheimer Blue is a 14.62-carat (2.924 g) vivid blue diamond that in May 2016 became the most expensive jewel ever sold at auction, until April 2017 when it was surpassed by the Pink Star diamond.

The diamond was named for its previous owner Philip Oppenheimer. It is cut into a rectangle (emerald cut). The Oppenheimer Blue is the largest fancy vivid blue diamond classified by the Gemological Institute of America ever sold at auction; it sold at Christie's in Geneva in May 2016 for US$50.6 million (GBP 34.7m; 56.83m SFr). Two telephone bidders had competed for the diamond; the identity of the purchaser is not publicly known.

Philip Oppenheimer
Sir Philip Jack Oppenheimer (29 October 1911 – 8 October 1995) was a British diamond dealer and racehorse owner.

Philip Oppenheimer was born on 29 October 1911, the son of Otto Oppenheimer. He was educated at Harrow School and Jesus College, Cambridge, where he was captain of the boxing team.

In 1935 he married Pamela Fenn Stirling. They had one son, Anthony Oppenheimer, and one daughter.
Klett (Norway)
Klett is a small village in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located in the borough of Heimdal and it is considered a part of the larger village of Nypan by Statistics Norway. The village of Tiller lies to the northeast, the Byneset area lies to the west, and the village of Melhus lies to the south. Most of the area surrounding the village is farmland.

Byneset
Byneset is a headland located in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The area is located just west of the city of Trondheim. The Trondheimsfjorden lies to the north, Orkdalsfjorden lies to the west, and the Gaulosen bay lies to the south. The villages of Spongdal and Langørjan are both located on the headland.

In 1999, the 18-hole golf course, Byneset Golfsenter, was built. Anne B. Ragde's novel trilogy Berlinerpoplene – Eremittkrepsene – Ligge i grønne enger (2004–2007) is set in Byneset.
Khanpur Rajputan
Khanpur Rajputan is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Shahkot, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Nakodar, 41 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 172 kilometres (107 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Internet in Germany
The main form of Internet access in Germany is DSL, introduced by Deutsche Telekom in 1999. Other technologies such as cable, FTTH and FTTB (fiber), satellite, and mobile access via UMTS, HSDPA, and LTE are also in use.

Vodafone Germany
Vodafone GmbH is a telecommunications operator in Germany owned by Vodafone Group Plc and headquartered in Düsseldorf. It provides mobile phone, LTE, 5G, cable internet, landlines, cable TV, and IPTV services. As of the third quarter of 2021, Vodafone GmbH has more than 31 million mobile customers in Germany, making it the third-largest provider of mobile phone services in Germany. The company's headquarters are in the suburb of Heerdt in Düsseldorf, with regional offices throughout Germany. Vodafone Germany's main competitors are 1&1 Mobilfunk, Telekom Deutschland (Deutsche Telekom's German private customer unit) and Telefónica Germany.

Vodafone Germany's network serves both prepaid and postpaid customers on GSM and LTE (Long Term Evolution). In July 2019, Vodafone started providing 5G services. At the end of 2010, Vodafone had 36.676 million mobile phone or mobile internet customers and 3.945 million customers with a DSL / VDSL connection.
C-type (New York City Subway car)
The C-type was a series of elevated New York City Subway cars originally built by the Osgood-Bradley, Laconia, and Jewett car companies, and rebuilt by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company between 1923 and 1925 from former BU cars.

BMT West End Line
The BMT West End Line is a line of the New York City Subway, serving the Brooklyn communities of Sunset Park, Borough Park, New Utrecht, Bensonhurst, Bath Beach and Coney Island. The D train operates local on the entire line at all times. There is a center express track and three express stations along the line, but there is no regular express service. The center track is used during the morning rush hour by one southbound R train and two southbound W trains.

The elevated line, originally mapped as the New Utrecht Avenue Line (though the common name prevailed after construction), replaced the surface West End Line.
Bret Schundler
Bret Davis Schundler (born January 14, 1959) is an American politician from New Jersey who served as the 42nd mayor of Jersey City from 1992 to 2001. He remains the last Republican to hold that office. He also unsuccessfully ran for Governor of New Jersey in 2001 and 2005.

Earlier in his life, Schundler was a Democrat, and the State Coordinator in New Jersey for Gary Hart's 1984 campaign for President. He then served as the chief operating officer of The King's College, a Christian liberal arts college in New York City. He served in the cabinet of Governor Chris Christie as New Jersey commissioner of education from January to August 2010, when he was dismissed.

Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
Woodbridge Township is a township in northern Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is a regional hub of transportation and commerce for central New Jersey and a major bedroom suburb of New York City, within the New York metropolitan area. Located within the core of the Raritan Valley region, Woodbridge Township hosts the junction of the New Jersey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway, the two busiest highways in the state, and also serves as the headquarters for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority, which operates both highways.

As of the 2020 United States census, the township was the state's seventh-most-populous municipality, with a population of 103,639, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 4,054 (+4.1%) from the 99,585 recorded at the  2010 census, which in turn reflected an increase of 2,382 (+2.5%) from the 97,203 counted in the 2000 census. Woodbridge was the state's sixth-largest by population in 2000 and 2010.
Shr-Hwa International Tower
The Shr-Hwa International Tower (Chinese: 世華國際大樓; pinyin: Shìhuá Guójì Dàlóu) is a 47-storey, 177 m (581 ft) tall skyscraper located in West District, Taichung, Taiwan. When it was completed in 2004, it was the tallest building in Taichung and it held the title for 14 years until it was surpassed by The Landmark (Taichung). As of August 2022, it is the 21st tallest building in Taiwan and the second tallest in central Taiwan. This building has a peculiar shape of a bamboo. The 24th to 45th floors of the building houses a five-star hotel - The Landis Taichung.

The Landmark (Taichung)
The Landmark (Chinese: 聯聚中雍大廈) is a skyscraper located in Xitun District, Taichung, Taiwan. As of December 2020, it is the tallest in Taichung and 11th tallest in Taiwan. The height of the building is 192.0 m (629.9 ft), the floor area is 62,012 m2 (667,490 sq ft), and it comprises 39 floors above ground, as well as seven basement levels.

The appearance design is based on the shape of a Chinese-style comb. The whole building adopts the most simple and stable long rectangle, and the corners are cut to arc to soften the skyline. The building materials of the whole building are made of beige granite and grey glass, and partly matched with dark grey metal panels.
Frances Deborah Levvy
Frances Deborah Levvy (born Deborah Frances Levey; 14 November 1831 – 29 November 1924) was an Australian animal welfare advocate, humane education organiser, editor, and writer. A leading figure in the early humane movement, she helped establish the first Australian Band of Mercy in 1884 with her sister Emma and, in 1886, founded a women's branch of the RSPCA in Australia, serving for several years as its honorary secretary. For more than three decades she edited and largely wrote the Band of Mercy and Humane Journal of New South Wales (1887–1923), which reported on animal welfare campaigns, school initiatives, and humane education. Her publications circulated widely in Australia and overseas, and she was noted for using journalism to promote compassion toward animals and to involve children and women in reform. Levvy's work contributed to the spread of humane education in New South Wales schools with support from the Department of Public Instruction.

Elaine Stratford
Elaine Stratford is an Australian cultural and political geographer, academic, and author. She is a Professor of Geography in the School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences in the College of Sciences and Engineering at the University of Tasmania.

Stratford's work has focused on how people think about flourishing and languishing in place and on the move over the life-course in both historical and contemporary settings.

Stratford is a Fellow of the Institute of Australian Geographers from whom, in 2021, she received the highest award, the Griffith Taylor Medal, for her contributions to geography in Australia. She is also a Fellow of both the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Geographical Society/Institute of British Geographers.