hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kelly Township, Union County, Pennsylvania
Kelly Township is a township in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,993 at the 2020 census. The United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg is located in Kelly Township, and not in the nearby Borough of Lewisburg, whose post office serves most of the township (except for its northeastern corner, which is served by the West Milton post office).

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
2-Methylheptane
2-Methylheptane is a branched-chain alkane and an isomer of octane. It is an heptane molecule with a methyl group attached to its second atom. It is a flammable colorless liquid used as fuel.

If the standard definition of the prefix "iso-" is strictly used then 2-methylheptane can be called "Isooctane". However this name is usually used for another much more important isomer of octane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

Heptane
Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is 100% iso-octane). Octane number equates to the anti-knock qualities of a comparison mixture of heptane and iso-octane which is expressed as the percentage of iso-octane in heptane, and is listed on pumps for gasoline (petrol) dispensed globally.
Blechnum sociale
Blechnum sociale is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. It is endemic to Pichincha Province and Azuay Province, Ecuador, but has not been recorded since 1893. The name sociale indicates that they form in colonies. It was first described by Luis Sodiro in 1883. In 1893, Sodiro transferred it to Lomaria as Lomaria socialis. He said that the most similar species was Lomaria stipitellata, now placed in Parablechnum as Parablechnum stipitellatum. The status and taxonomy of Blechnum sociale was unclear as of 2003.

The epithet is sometimes incorrectly given as socialis, but Blechnum is neuter so the epithet should be sociale.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss for fires and grazing and it is possible it occurs in Reserva ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas and Reserva ecológica Antisana.

Parablechnum
Parablechnum is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined Blechnum, equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily.
2013 Fergana Challenger
The 2013 Fergana Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 14th edition of the tournament for men which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour, offering $50,000 in prize money, and the third edition of the event for women on the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering $25,000 in prize money. It took place in Fergana, Uzbekistan, on 23–29 September 2013.

Fergana Challenger
The Fergana Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's Circuit, and was held annually at the Istiklol Tennis Club in Fergana, Uzbekistan, from 2000 until 2019.
Adobe Originals
The Adobe Originals program is a series of digital typefaces created by Adobe Systems from 1989 for professional use, intended to be of extremely high design quality while offering a large feature set across many languages. Many are strongly influenced by research into classic designs from the past and calligraphy. Adobe Originals fonts are sold separately or with Adobe products such as InDesign.

Adobe Originals fonts tend to offer an extensive feature set through the OpenType font format, such as optical sizes, automatic ligature insertion, small capitals, swashes, text and lining figures and kerning pair sets to fine-tune character spacing. They are accordingly common choices in fine printing and book design.

Swash (typography)
A swash is a typographical flourish, such as an exaggerated serif, terminal, tail, entry stroke, etc., on a glyph.
The use of swash characters dates back to at least the 16th century, as they can be seen in Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi's La Operina, which is dated 1522. As with italic type in general, they were inspired by the conventions of period handwriting. Arrighi's designs influenced designers in Italy and particularly in France.
Sergio Romano (writer)
Sergio Romano (born 7 July 1929) is an Italian diplomat, writer, journalist, and historian. He is a columnist for the newspaper Corriere della Sera. Romano is also a former Italian ambassador to Moscow.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italian: Ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale or MAECI) is the foreign ministry of the government of the Italian Republic. It is also known as the Farnesina as a metonym from its headquarters, the Palazzo della Farnesina in Rome. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Antonio Tajani.
Erosion index
The erosion index (EI, also called the erodibility index) is created by dividing potential erosion (from all sources except gully erosion) by the T value, which is the rate of soil erosion above which long term productivity may be adversely affected. The erodibility index is used in conjunction with conservation compliance and the Conservation Reserve Program. For example, one of the eligibility requirements for the CRP is that land have an EI greater than 8.

Erodibility
Erodability (or erodibility) is the inherent yielding or nonresistance of soils and rocks to erosion. A high erodibility implies that the same amount of work exerted by the erosion processes leads to a larger removal of material. Because the mechanics behind erosion depend upon the competence and coherence of the material, erodibility is treated in different ways depending on the type of surface that eroded.
Tunari
Tunari is a commune in the center of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. Its name means "cannoneers" in Romanian. It is composed of two villages, Dimieni and Tunari.

The commune is located in the central part of the county, at a distance of 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the capital city, Bucharest, on the Bucharest–Pipera–Tunari–Dimieni road. It has the following neighbors:

To the north: Henri Coandă International Airport and Balotești commune, separated by the Bucharest–Urziceni railway.

To the south: the Pipera district of Voluntari commune, separated by the  Bucharest–Constanța railway and the Bucharest Ring Motorway on the Otopeni–Ștefăneștii de Jos segment.

To the east: Ștefăneștii de Jos commune.

To the west: the town of Otopeni.

The town has a Romanian Orthodox church, named after Saint Nicholas; it was built in 1702 by Marica Brâncoveanu.

Otopeni
Otopeni (Romanian pronunciation: [otoˈpenʲ]) is a town in Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania, neighbouring the north of Bucharest along the DN1 road to Ploiești. It has 21,750 inhabitants, of which 99.0% are ethnic Romanians. One village, Odăile, is administered by the city.

Henri Coandă International Airport is located inside Otopeni. The head office of the airline TAROM is located inside the International Departures Terminal in the airport. In addition the head office of Țiriac Air is in Otopeni.
Protestantische Rompilger
Protestantische Rompilger (Protestant Rome Pilgrims) (subtitled:  Der Verrat an Luther, or The treason of Luther) was a polemic written by Alfred Rosenberg to answer the Protestant criticism (mainly from the Confessing Church) of his 1930 The Myth of the Twentieth Century.  It was also aimed against Friedrich Rittelmeyer and the Christengemeinschaft (Christian Community).  In it, he demanded that the German Volk be released from Christianity and called Christian teachings of sin and grace as "teachings of inferiority".  It was published by the Hoheneichen-Verlag, Munich, in a gift edition (already on its 4th edition by 1932, 696 S.), Volksausgabe (from 1933, 712 S.), Dünndrucksaugabe (712 S), and in an 86-page 1937 edition.

Walter Künneth
Walter Künneth (1 January 1901 in Etzelwang – 26 October 1997 in Erlangen) was a German Protestant theologian. During the Nazi era, he was part of the Confessing Church, and in the 1960s took part in the debate around the demands of Rudolf Bultmann to 'de-mythologize' the New Testament as an advocate of a word-oriented interpretation of the Bible. The Walter Künneth Prize is named after him.
Near East and South Asia Undergraduate Exchange Program
The Near East and South Asia Undergraduate Exchange Program or Near East, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa Undergraduate Exchange Program is an American international student exchange program. It enables students from the Near East, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa to attend American universities for a year of study. It is managed by World Learning for the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State, and is a part of the Bureau's Global Undergraduate Exchange Program. In the academic year 2013–2014, students who visited the United States under the program came from Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, India, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Oman, the Palestinian Territories, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

World Learning
World Learning is a 501(c)(3) international nonprofit organization that focuses on international development, education, and exchange programs. Based in Brattleboro, Vermont, World Learning "unlocks the potential of people to address critical global issues" through its core program areas: The Experiment in International Living, the School for International Training (including the International Honors Program), and International Development and Exchange Programs.
Morley College
Morley College is a specialist adult education and further education college in London, England. The college has three main campuses, one in Waterloo on the South Bank, and two in West London namely in North Kensington and in Chelsea, the latter two joining following a merger with Kensington and Chelsea College in 2020. There are also smaller centres part of the college elsewhere. Morley College is also a registered charity under English law. It was originally founded in the 1880s and has a student population of 11,000 adult students (as at 2019). It offers courses in a wide variety of fields, including art and design, fashion, languages, drama, dance, music, health and humanities.

Maggi Hambling
Margaret J. Hambling CBE (born 23 October 1945) is a British artist. Though principally a painter, her best-known public works are the sculptures A Conversation with Oscar Wilde and A Sculpture for Mary Wollstonecraft in London, and the 4-metre-high steel Scallop on Aldeburgh beach. All three works have attracted controversy.
Lawu language
Lawu (autonym: la21 wu21) is a highly endangered unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It has about 50 elderly speakers in Jiuha village 旧哈村, Shuitang district 水塘镇, Xinping County, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province. There are possibly also some speakers in Jiujia District 九甲乡, Zhenyuan County, Pu'er Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Lawu speakers are currently classified by the Chinese government as Lahu, but were formerly classified as Yi.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
The Bus Uncle
The Bus Uncle is a Hong Kong Cantonese viral video depicting a verbal altercation between two men aboard a KMB bus in Hong Kong on 27 April 2006. The older and more belligerent of the two men was quickly nicknamed the "Bus Uncle", from the common Hong Kong practice of referring to older men as "Uncle" (阿叔). The altercation was recorded by a nearby passenger and uploaded to the Hong Kong Golden Forum, YouTube, and Google Video. The video became YouTube's most viewed video in May 2006, attracting viewers with the Bus Uncle's rhetorical outbursts and copious use of profanity, receiving 1.7 million hits in the first 3 weeks of that month.

The video became a cultural sensation in Hong Kong, sparking debate and discussion on lifestyle, etiquette, civic awareness and media ethics within the city, and attracted the attention from media outlets around the world.

Culture of Hong Kong
The culture of Hong Kong is a combination of Chinese and Western influences, rooted in Lingnan Cantonese heritage and shaped by its time as a British colony (1841 to 1997). In addition to absorbing global influences, the city's culture is enriched by its indigenous communities and ethnic minorities from South and Southeast Asia. As "Asia's World City," Hong Kong has developed a distinct identity that persists under the "one country, two systems" framework, which began after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty to China.
Immaculate Conception Cathedral, St. George's
The Immaculate Conception Cathedral is a religious building belonging to the Catholic Church and is located on Church Street beside York House in the town of Saint George, capital of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles.

It serves as the seat of the Catholic Diocese of Saint George (Dioecesis Sancti Georgii). The building is located atop a hill overlooking the harbor, and is one of the most important symbol of the city. In the place where it is now a small chapel existed previously completed in 1804 and dedicated to St James. The Gothic cathedral tower dates from 1818. The cathedral was completely finished in 1884.

The church had to be rebuilt because it was damaged after Hurricane Ivan in 2004. The church decoration is simple compared with European Catholic cathedrals.

York House, Grenada
York House, also known as Parliament House, was a landmark in St. George's and the home of the Parliament of Grenada from the 19th century until it was destroyed by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. It was replaced by the New Parliament Building in 2010.
Eucalyptus peninsularis
Eucalyptus peninsularis, commonly known as Cummins mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to a small area of South Australia. It has smooth, greyish or brownish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, pale creamy yellow flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Party and play
Party and play (PnP), also known as chemsex, pharmacosex, or wired play, refers to the practice of consuming drugs to enhance sexual activity. This sexual subculture involves recreational drug users engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors under the influence of drugs, often within specific sub-groups. Activities may include unprotected sex with multiple partners during sessions over extended periods, sometimes lasting days. The drug of choice is typically methamphetamine, commonly referred to as crystal meth, tina, or T. Other substances like mephedrone, GHB, GBL, ketamine, and alkyl nitrites (known as poppers) are also used. The term slamsex is used for injection drug users.

Studies indicate that individuals participating in such activities have a higher likelihood of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, due to unprotected sex with numerous partners. Consequently, addressing this issue is considered a significant public health priority.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the use of medications to prevent the spread of disease in people who have not yet been exposed to a disease-causing agent. Vaccination is the most commonly used form of pre-exposure prophylaxis; other forms of pre-exposure prophylaxis generally involve drug treatment, known as chemoprophylaxis.  Examples include taking medication to prevent infection by malaria or HIV. In particular, the term PrEP is now synonymous in popular usage with the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

In general, the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis requires balancing the risks of the treatment (e.g., side effects from a drug) to healthy individuals with the risk of the disease.

It is contrasted with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is used once the patient has already been exposed to the infectious agent.
De Grootste Nederlander
De Grootste Nederlander ('The Greatest Dutchman') was a public poll held in 2004 by the broadcasting company KRO of the Publieke Omroep. The series has the BBC's 100 Greatest Britons TV format. During the series, it included individual programmes on the top ten, with viewers having further opportunities to vote after each programme.

The recently assassinated politician Pim Fortuyn was announced as the winner in a live television broadcast on 15 November 2004, two weeks after Theo van Gogh was murdered. This was controversial, and was said to be an "embarrassing" choice by several journalists and historians. Later it became revealed that William of Orange had received the most votes in total, but only the votes that were tallied before the end of the live programme counted (the number of calls was so large that not all could be counted before the end of the show). And thus Fortuyn remained the official number one according to the rules, as announced originally.

Great Britons
Great Britons is a television series that was broadcast by the BBC in 2002. It was based on a television poll conducted to determine who the British people at that time considered the greatest Britons in history. The series included individual programmes featuring the top ten, with viewers having further opportunity to vote after each programme. It concluded with a debate and final determination of the ranking of the top ten. Although many living people were included among the top 100, all of the top ten were deceased.
Animal psychopathology
Animal psychopathology is the study of mental or behavioral disorders in non-human animals.

Historically, there has been an anthropocentric tendency to emphasize the study of animal psychopathologies as models for human mental illnesses. But animal psychopathologies can, from an evolutionary point of view, be more properly regarded as non-adaptive behaviors due to some sort of a cognitive disability, emotional impairment or distress. This article provides a non-exhaustive list of animal psychopathologies.

Laboratory rat
Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the rat subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica (Domestic Norwegian rat) which are bred and kept for scientific research. While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science, and "lab rat" is commonly used as an idiom for a test subject.
Harold S. Herd
Harold Shields Herd (June 3, 1918 – April 23, 2007) was a Kansas Supreme Court justice (1979–1993), minority leader in the Kansas State Senate (1969–1973), mayor of Coldwater, Kansas (1950–1954) and an officer in the U.S. Navy during World War II.

Washburn University School of Law
The Washburn University School of Law is a public law school located on the main campus of Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas. Washburn Law was founded in 1903. The school is accredited by the American Bar Association and has been a member of the Association of American Law Schools since 1905.
Villa Devoto
Villa Devoto is a neighborhood or district located in the northwestern area of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its administrative limits are defined by Lope de Vega, General Paz, San Martín, and Francisco Beiró Avenues; and Joaquín V. González, Baigorria, and Campana streets.

Villa Devoto, a primarily middle class to upscale neighborhood, is characterized by quiet tree-lined streets and is often considered as The Garden of Buenos Aires. A lower-density, wealthy residential subsection known as Devoto R is located around Arenales Square, in the ward's north-central section.

Villa Devoto is served by the FC Urquiza and FC San Martín commuter railway lines.

Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, the autonomous city and capital of Argentina, is composed of 48 neighbourhoods (locally known as barrios). Since 2008, the city is also legally divided into communes (comunas), each one including one or more barrios. Among the most visited and populated barrios are Palermo, Recoleta, Puerto Madero, Belgrano, San Telmo, La Boca, Monserrat and Caballito. Sectors of the city are also traditionally known as neighbourhoods by the inhabitants of Buenos Aires, but not officially by the authorities of the city; some examples are Barrio Chino, Barrio Norte and the Microcentro.
TREX complex
The TREX (TRanscription-EXport) complex is a conserved eukaryotic multi-protein complex that couples mRNA transcription and nuclear export. The TREX complex travels across transcribed genes with RNA polymerase II. TREX binds mRNA and recruits transport proteins NXF1 and NXT1 (yeast Mex67 and Mtr2), which shuttle the mRNA out of the nucleus.  The TREX complex plays an important role in genome stability and neurodegenerative diseases.

BAT1
Spliceosome RNA helicase BAT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BAT1 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box family of RNA-dependent ATPases that mediate ATP hydrolysis during pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein is an essential splicing factor required for association of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein with pre-mRNA, and also plays an important role in mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, is localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. Mutations in this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.