hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lyn Kidd
Lyn Kidd (born 1952) is an Australian teacher of acting, voice and character technique. Author of The Jungle of Sounds, Kidd is also the founder and principal of The Actors Workshop, Brisbane Australia.

The Courier-Mail
The Courier-Mail is an Australian newspaper published in Brisbane. Owned by News Corp Australia, it is published daily from Monday to Saturday in tabloid format. Its editorial offices are located at Bowen Hills, in Brisbane's inner northern suburbs, and it is printed at Yandina on the Sunshine Coast. It is available for purchase both online and in paper form throughout Queensland and most regions of Northern New South Wales.
Judaica Press
Judaica Press  is an American independent publishing house founded in New York City by S. Goldman in 1963, and then taken over by his son Jack Goldman in response to the growing demand for scholarly works covering the academic field of Jewish studies in the English-speaking Jewish diaspora.

In addition to publishing the Mikraoth Gedoloth Nach (Prophets and Writings of the Hebrew Bible) series, Goldman acquired the rights to some of the major works of Jewish scholarship at the time: the Blackman Mishnayoth set, the Hirsch Chumash set, and the comprehensive Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Bavli, Talmud Yerushlami, and Midrashic Literature (1886–1903) written by the Orthodox Jewish rabbi and Talmudic scholar Marcus Jastrow.

Jewish studies
Jewish studies (Hebrew: מדעי היהדות, romanized: madʿê ha-yahadut, lit. 'sciences of Judaism'), or Judaic studies, is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (especially Jewish history), Middle Eastern studies, Asian studies, Oriental studies, religious studies, archeology, sociology, languages (Jewish languages), political science, area studies, women's studies, and ethnic studies. Jewish studies as a distinct field is mainly present at colleges and universities in North America.

Related fields include Holocaust research and Israel studies, and in Israel, Jewish thought. Bar-Ilan University has the world's largest school of Jewish studies, while Harvard University was the first American university, and perhaps the first in the world, to appoint a full-time scholar of Judaica to its faculty.
Mecitözü
Mecitözü is a town in Çorum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, 37 km from the city of Çorum. It is the seat of Mecitözü District. Its population is 4,036 (2022). The mayor is Veli Aylar (CHP).

Mecitözü is situated on a small plain encircled by mountains, with an average annual rainfall of 422.7 mm. The local economy relies heavily on farming, particularly the cultivation of sugar beets and grains. The town also hosts a flour mill and a brickworks. Mecitözü offers essential services to the surrounding district, including schools, sports facilities, a hospital, and other basic infrastructure. Additionally, there are three health centers located in the countryside.

Excavations in the villages of Kuşsaray and Elvançelebi indicate habitation since 5000 BCE.

Çorum
Çorum (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈtʃoɾum]) is a northern Anatolian city in Turkey. Çorum is located inland in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey and is approximately 244 km (152 mi) from Ankara and 608 km (378 mi) from Istanbul. It is the seat of Çorum Province and of Çorum District. Its population is 269,595 (2022). The city has an elevation of 801 m (2,628 ft) above sea level.

Çorum is primarily known for its Phrygian and Hittite archaeological sites, its thermal springs, and its native roasted chickpea snacks known nationally as leblebi.
1987 Svaneti avalanches
The 1987 Svaneti avalanches was a series of massive avalanches in the northwest Caucasus highlands of the then-Soviet republic of Georgia, which hit, in January 1987, the country's Svaneti province, namely the Mestia and Lentekhi districts.

The avalanches were brought about by unprecedented snowfall which lasted for 46 days, falling 16 meters thick at several places. From 9 to 31 January 1987 330 avalanches were registered. The mountainous villages such as Chuberi, Ushguli, Mulakhi, Kala, and Khaishi were heavily hit. The village of Zhamushi was entirely buried in snow, with 26 killed. In total, 105 people died in the disaster. More than 2,000 houses were damaged and about 8,500 people had to be resettled. The total damage caused was about $300 million.

Ushguli
Ushguli (Georgian: უშგული [ˈuʒguli]) is a community of five medieval villages located at the head of the Enguri gorge in Svaneti, Georgia. Ushguli is one of the highest continuously inhabited settlements in Europe. Compared to somewhat more developed towns like Mestia, Ushguli is not in an accessible location, which has preserved many of the villages' medieval characteristics, including unique defensive tower houses called Svan towers. Because of their preservation and traditional architecture, Ushguli, Mestia, and the surrounding area was recognized as the Upper Svaneti UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
HAL Laboratory
HAL Laboratory, Inc., formerly shortened as HALKEN, is a Japanese video game developer  based in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was founded on February 21, 1980 by Mitsuhiro Ikeda. The company started out developing games for home computers of the era, but has since established a strong relationship with Nintendo, and is often referred to as a second-party developer. In 1991, a second office in Kai, Yamanashi was established. The company is best known for its work on the Kirby and Mother series, and the first two Super Smash Bros. games.

Its logo, Inutamago, which depicts a dog incubating eggs, is meant to represent "an unexpected bond [...] one that brings the birth of something new."

PC-8000 series
The PC-8000 series (Japanese: PC-8000シリーズ, Hepburn: Pī-Shī Hassen Shirīzu) is a line of personal computers developed for the Japanese market by NEC. The PC-8001 model was also sold in the United States and Canada as the PC-8001A.

Original models of the NEC PC-8001B (or sometimes the NEC PC-8000) were also sold in some European countries like in the UK, France, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands and in Australia and New Zealand as well.
Explorer 22
Explorer 22 (known as S-66B pre-launch; also called BE-B or Beacon Explorer-B) was a small NASA ionospheric research satellite launched 9 October 1964, part of NASA's Explorer Program. It was instrumented with an electrostatic probe, four radio beacons for ionospheric research, a passive laser tracking reflector, and two radio beacons for Doppler navigation experiments. Its objective was to provide enhanced geodetic measurements of the Earth as well as data on the total electron content in the Earth's atmosphere and in the satellite's immediate vicinity.

Explorer S-66
Explorer S-66 (also called BE-A, acronym of Beacon Explorer-A), was a NASA satellite launched on 19 March 1964 by means of a Thor-Delta B launch vehicle, but it could not reach orbit due to a vehicle launcher failure.
Aribas
The ARIBAS, New Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat, India is an Institute of Science offering mainly master's degree programmes. The Institute was established in 2005. It is affiliated with Sardar Patel University.

It is the first institute to offer the Integrated Biotechnology course in the state of Gujarat.

The major courses run at ARIBAS are MSc Biotechnology, MSc Integrated Biotechnology (5½ Years after 12th grade), MSc Microbiology, MSc Genetics and MSc Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

The institute also offers PhD and bachelor's degrees in Biochemistry, Botany, Biotechnology, Genetics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Physics, among others.

Sardar Patel University
Sardar Patel University (SPU) is a public state university in Vallabh Vidyanagar, a Anand  City Gujarat, India. It is named after politician Vallabhbhai Patel and was founded in October 1955 by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of the then-Bombay Province and was UGC recognized under 2(f) of the UGC  Act in October 1968. Originally it had the status of a rural university.
Arming America
Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture is a discredited 2000 book by historian Michael A. Bellesiles about American gun culture, an expansion of a 1996 article he published in the Journal of American History. Bellesiles, then a professor at Emory University, used research missing context to argue that during the early period of US history, guns were uncommon during peacetime and that a culture of gun ownership did not arise until the mid-nineteenth century.

Although the book was awarded the prestigious Bancroft Prize in 2001, it later became the first work for which the prize was rescinded, following a decision of Columbia University's Board of Trustees that Bellesiles had "violated basic norms of scholarship and the high standards expected of Bancroft Prize winners."

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Ahmad Muhammad Numan
Ahmad Muhammad Numan (Arabic: أحمد محمد نعمان; 26 April 1909 – 27 September 1996) was a Yemeni educator, propagandist and politician. He was one of the main progenitors of modern Yemeni nationalism. Numan was the founder of the Free Yemeni Movement and a propagandist in Cairo for the Yemeni Unionists, and served once as foreign minister and twice as prime minister of the Yemen Arab Republic.

Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic
The Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic, also known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Yemen Arab Republic, was the head of government of that country in what is now northern Yemen. The Prime Minister was appointed by the President. There were twelve prime ministers of North Yemen.
Ashlee + Evan
Ashlee + Evan (stylized in all caps) are an American musical duo consisting of married musicians Ashlee Simpson and Evan Ross. They released their debut single, "I Do", on September 7, 2018, two days before the premiere of their reality television series of the same name. Their eponymous debut extended play Ashlee + Evan (EP) was then released on October 12, 2018, through Access Records, and was supported by a tour in select cities across North America in January 2019.

Ashlee + Evan (TV series)
Ashlee+Evan was a 2018 American reality television series on E! starring Ashlee Simpson and Evan Ross. In 2019, Simpson stated in an interview with Us Weekly that the show would not be returning for a second season.
Phantasmarana boticariana
Phantasmarana boticariana is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil and only known from few specimens from its type locality, Parque Estadual do Itapetinga in Atibaia, São Paulo state.

It was formerly placed in the genus Megaelosia, but was reclassified to Phantasmarana in 2021.

Megaelosia
Megaelosia goeldii, also known as the Rio big-tooth frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is the only member of the genus Megaelosia. It is endemic to Southeast Brazil and occurs in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states. It is named after Émil Goeldi, a Swiss zoologist who worked in Brazil.
Gajar ka halwa
Gajar ka halwa, also known as gajorer halwa, gajarno halwo, gajar pak, and carrot pudding, is a type of halva, an Indian dessert, made by placing grated carrots in a pot containing a specific amount of water, milk, sugar, and cardamom and then cooking with ghee while stirring regularly.  It is often served with a garnish of almonds and pistachios. The nuts and other items used are first sautéed in ghee, a type of clarified butter from the Indian subcontinent. It is generally served hot during the winter.

The dessert is traditionally eaten during all of the festivals in the Indian subcontinent, mainly on the occasion of Diwali, Holi, Raksha Bandhan, and Eid. It is served hot during the winter.

Khoa
Khoa, khoya, khowa or mawa is a soft cheese widely used in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing India, Nepal, and Pakistan. It is made of either dried whole milk or milk thickened by heating in an open iron pan. It is lower in moisture than typical fresh cheeses such as ricotta. It is made from whole milk instead of whey.
Extra-statutory concession
An extra-statutory concession (or ESC) is a concept under United Kingdom tax law whereby HM Revenue and Customs grants certain concessions to taxpayers to mitigate their tax liabilities even though the relevant allowances would not strictly be allowed under the terms of the tax legislation.

A commonly cited example is that luncheon vouchers are subject to an income tax concession of up to 15p per day under an extra statutory concession.

Although they do not form part of either primary or subsidiary legislation, extra-statutory concessions are highly formalised, and are indirectly enforceable by means of judicial review.  Statutory concessions are formally categorised and published under reference numbers (see for example ESC C16).  By convention HMRC publishes a full list of extra statutory concessions on the first day of each UK tax year.

Taxation in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, taxation may involve payments to at least three different levels of government: central government (HM Revenue and Customs), devolved governments and local government. Central government revenues come primarily from income tax, National Insurance contributions, value added tax, corporation tax and fuel duty. Local government revenues come primarily from grants from central government funds, business rates in England, Council Tax and increasingly from fees and charges such as those for on-street parking. In the fiscal year 2023–24, total government revenue was forecast to be £1,139.1 billion, or 40.9 per cent of GDP, with income taxes and National Insurance contributions standing at around £470 billion.
Terre del Reno
Terre del Reno (Tèr dal Raggn in the native Emilian language) is a new comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. As of 1 January 2017, it has a population of 10.041.

Terre del Reno borders the following municipalities: Bondeno, Cento, Galliera, Pieve di Cento (BO), Poggio Renatico, Vigarano Mainarda.

The new municipality, from 1 January 2017, was made from the union of Mirabello and Sant'Agostino.

Pieve di Cento
Pieve di Cento (Bolognese: Pîv ed Zänt; "parish of Cento") is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Bologna.
Jakob Baechtold
Jakob Baechtold, surname sometimes spelled as Bächtold (27 January 1848, in Schleitheim – 7 August 1897, in Zürich) was a Swiss literary scholar.

He studied German philology under Adolf Holtzmann at the University of Heidelberg, then continued his education at the University of Munich and in 1870 received his doctorate from the University of Tübingen with a thesis on the Lanzelet of Ulrich von Zatzikhoven. From 1872 he worked as a schoolteacher in Solothurn and Zürich, and from 1879 to 1884 he headed the feuilleton of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ).

In 1880 he obtained his habilitation at the University of Zürich, where in 1888 he was named a full professor of German literature. In Zürich, he also gave lectures at the Polytechnic School (from 1896).

Adolf Holtzmann
Adolf Holtzmann (2 May 1810 in Karlsruhe – 3 July 1870 in Heidelberg) was a German professor and philologist. His name is associated with a Proto-Germanic sound law known as Holtzmann's law.

He studied theology at the universities of Halle and Berlin, where he was a student of Friedrich Schleiermacher. He later studied philology at the University of Munich, where his influences included Johann Andreas Schmeller. Holtzmann also attended classes in Paris given by Eugène Burnouf, and beginning in 1837, spent a number of years working as a tutor to members of Baden royalty. From 1852 he was a professor of German literature and Sanskrit at the University of Heidelberg, and a notable philologist of his day.

Holtzmann was the father-in-law of Albrecht Kossel, German biochemist and 1910 Nobel laureate, by his marriage to Holtzmann's daughter, Luise, in 1886.
Jewish ethnic divisions
Jewish ethnic divisions refer to many distinctive communities within the world's Jewish population. Although "Jewish" has been described by external observers as an ethnicity itself, there are distinct ethnic subdivisions among Jews, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, mixing with local communities, and subsequent independent evolutions.

During the millennia of the Jewish diaspora, the communities would develop under the influence of their local environments; political, cultural, natural and demographic. Today, the manifestation of these differences among the Jews can be observed in Jewish cultural expressions of each community, including Jewish linguistic diversity, culinary preferences, liturgical practices, religious interpretations, and degrees and sources of genetic admixture.

History of the Jews in Libya
The history of the Jews in Libya stretches back to the 3rd century BCE, when Cyrenaica was under Greek rule. The Jewish population of Libya, a part of the Sephardi-Maghrebi Jewish community, continued to populate the area continuously until modern times. During World War II, Libya's Jewish population was subjected to antisemitic laws by the Fascist Italian regime and deportations by both the Italian and German armies.

After the war, anti-Jewish violence caused many Jews to leave the country, principally for Israel, though significant numbers moved to Italy and North America. Under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled the country from 1969 to 2011, the situation deteriorated further, eventually leading to the emigration of the remaining Jewish population. The last Jew in Libya, 80-year-old Rina Debach, left the country in 2003.
Mastretta MXT
The Mastretta MXT is an automobile produced by the Mexican car manufacturer Mastretta. It is the first car that Mastretta has designed without any foreign input. The MXT is based loosely on the Lotus Elise and the Audi R8. The MXT entered production on 1 January 2011. It received national and international attention for being almost entirely produced and designed in Mexico. Production of the Mastretta MXT ended in May 2014.

Lotus Elise
The Lotus Elise is a sports car  conceived in early 1994 and released in September 1996 by the British manufacturer Lotus Cars. A two-seater roadster with a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, the Elise has a fibreglass body shell atop its bonded extruded aluminium chassis that provides a rigid platform for the suspension, while keeping weight and production costs to a minimum. The Elise was named after Elisa Artioli, the granddaughter of Romano Artioli who was chairman of Lotus and Bugatti at the time of the car's launch.

Production of the Elise, Exige and Evora ended in 2021. It was replaced by the Lotus Emira.
2014 Anning Open
The 2014 Anning Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition for men and first edition for women, of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Anning, China between 28 April and 3 May 2014.

Kunming Open
The Kunming Open (formerly known as the ATP China International Tennis Challenge – Anning and the Anning Open) is a tennis tournament held in Anning, China. The event started in 2012 for the men, in 2014 for the women as an ITF Tour event , and in 2018 as a WTA 125 event, joining the ATP Challenger Tour. It was cancelled in 2020 due to the Coronavirus outbreak.
The event was part of the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour and the Women's Tour in 2023 and 2024 and was played on clay courts.
5 sen note
The 5 sen note (五銭紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen that was issued nonconsecutively from 1944 to 1948 in paper form. Five sen notes were worth one-twentieth of a yen, making them the lowest subsidiary yen banknote ever made. These notes were broken up into two types, which were issued before and after World War II. Those issued before the war filled a void left when 5 sen coin production became difficult. The second and final issue came after the war when the Japanese government tried unsuccessfully to curb inflation. Neither of these notes are currently legal tender as the "sen" was abolished in 1953 when the yen system was modified to exclude the old fractional currency. These banknotes are now easily collectable and affordable as they were issued in large amounts.

Bank of Japan
The Bank of Japan (日本銀行, Nippon Ginkō; BOJ) is the central bank of Japan. The bank is often called Nichigin (日銀) for short. It is headquartered in Nihonbashi, Chūō, Tokyo.

The said bank is a corporate entity independent of the Japanese government, and while it is not an administrative organisation of the state, its monetary policy falls within the scope of administration. From a macroeconomic perspective, long-term stability of prices is deemed crucial. However, the political sector tends to favour short-term measures. Thus, the bank's autonomy and independence are granted from the standpoint of ensuring long-term public welfare and political neutrality.
Vashon Ranger R7
The Vashon Ranger R7 is an American light-sport aircraft designed and produced by Vashon Aircraft of Woodinville, Washington. It was formally introduced at the AirVenture airshow in Oshkosh, Wisconsin in July 2018. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Continental O-200
The Continental C90 and O-200 are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, direct-drive aircraft engines of 201 in3 (3.29 L) displacement, producing between 90 and 100 horsepower (67 and 75 kW).

Built by Continental Motors these engines are used in many light aircraft designs of the United States, including the early Piper PA-18 Super Cub, the Champion 7EC, the Alon Aircoupe, and the Cessna 150.

Though the C90 was superseded by the O-200, and many of the designs utilizing the O-200 had gone out of production by 1980, with the 2004 publication of the United States Federal Aviation Administration light-sport aircraft regulations came a resurgence in demand for the O-200.
Romantica (band)
Romantica are an Americana band formed in 2002 by Ben Kyle.  The band's members, past and present, have come from the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Twin Cities area of Minnesota. Mixing together elements of folk, rock, and Americana, Romantica creates a rich and unique sound.  The original line-up consisted of Kyle (vocals and guitar), Luke Jacobs (bass and keys), Mark Hedlund (drums) and Christopher Becknell (violin). While the group's members and contributors have changed over the years, Kyle's vision, vocals and songwriting have been the consistent thread throughout the different iterations. To date, the band has recorded four albums (Three studio, and one live session album).

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.