hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homosexuality and Methodism
Methodist viewpoints concerning homosexuality are diverse because there is no one denomination which represents all Methodists. The World Methodist Council, which represents most Methodist denominations (and united churches including Methodists), has no official statements regarding sexuality. Various Methodist denominations themselves take different stances on the issue of homosexuality, with many denominations holding homosexual practice to be sinful, while other denominations ordain LGBT clergy and marry same-sex couples. The positions of the various Methodist denominations around the globe are outlined in this article.

Annual conferences within Methodism
An annual conference is a regional decision-making body within various Methodist denominations. Conferences are a key characteristic of the connexional (connectional) system of government in Methodism. Annual conferences are composed primarily of the clergy members and a lay member or members from each charge (a charge is one or more churches served by a minister under appointment by the bishop). Each conference is a geographical division. In general, the smaller states in the United States hold one conference each, while larger states often include two or more conferences. Several annual conferences are held in other nations as well.
Digital down converter
In digital signal processing, a digital down-converter (DDC) converts a digitized, band-limited signal to a lower frequency signal at a lower sampling rate in order to simplify the subsequent radio stages. The process can preserve all the information in the frequency band of interest of the original signal. The input and output signals can be real or complex samples. Often the DDC converts from the raw radio frequency or intermediate frequency down to a complex baseband signal.

Baseband
In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is the range of frequencies occupied by a signal that has not been modulated to higher frequencies. Baseband signals typically originate from transducers, converting some other variable into an electrical signal.  For example, the electronic output of a microphone is a baseband signal that is analogous to the applied voice audio. In conventional analog radio broadcasting, the baseband audio signal is used to modulate an RF carrier signal of a much higher frequency.

A baseband signal may have frequency components going all the way down to the DC bias, or at least it will have a high ratio bandwidth.  A modulated baseband signal is called a passband signal.  This occupies a higher range of frequencies and has a lower ratio and fractional bandwidth.
OAP Tower
Osaka Amenity Park Tower is one of the largest plaza and office developments in Japan, located at the Tenmabashi District in Kita Ward, Osaka.

It was built by Mitsubishi Estates in 1994. It displays a collected line of cafes, restaurants, plazas, stores, offices and sky-view features like sky restaurants. It has a position in the List of tallest structures in Japan. It has a height of 176 meters and has 39 floors. OAP Tower is also integrated with the two OAP Residence Towers and the Teikoku Hotel.

Mitsubishi Estate
Mitsubishi Estate Company, Limited (三菱地所株式会社, Mitsubishi Jisho kabushiki gaisha; MEC) is one of the largest real estate developers in Japan and is involved in property management and architecture research and design.

As of 2018, Mitsubishi Estate has the most valuable portfolio in the Japanese real estate industry, with a total value of approx. 7.4 trillion yen, much of which is located in the Marunouchi district of Tokyo. MEC owns Japan's third tallest building, the Yokohama Landmark Tower, as well as the Sanno Park Tower and Marunouchi Building in Tokyo. Mitsubishi Estate has its headquarters in the Otemachi Building in Ōtemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo. It is one of the core Mitsubishi companies.
El Trece
Channel 13 (known by its current brand name El Trece, stylized as eltrece) is an Argentine free-to-air television network and the flagship station of the network of the same name, located in the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires. It is owned by Artear, a unit of Grupo Clarín.

As mentioned by its name, it broadcasts on VHF channel 13 and on digital UHF channel 33 in Greater Buenos Aires. Outside of Greater Buenos Aires, the channel is available nationwide via cable and satellite and its programs are rebroadcast by two stations owned by Artear, El Doce in Cordoba and Canal Siete in Bahia Blanca alongside five stations commercially represented by Artear alongside three station carrying El Trece independently.

Channel 7 (Bahía Blanca, Argentina)
Canal Siete (call sign LU 81 TV) is a television station broadcasting from the city of Altos del Palihue for Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina as an Artear owned and operated station. Built and signed on in February 1966, the station competes with Telefe Bahía Blanca.
Washburn, Iowa
Washburn is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. Washburn lies south of Waterloo on U.S. Route 218. Other towns near Washburn are Gilbertville and La Porte City. The community is part of the Waterloo–Cedar Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cedar Falls, Iowa
Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city population was 40,713. Cedar Falls is home to the University of Northern Iowa (UNI), a public university.

Cedar Falls, along with neighboring city Waterloo, Iowa, are the two principal municipalities within the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Cedar River traverses the vicinity to the southeast.
Protostropharia alcis
Protostropharia alcis is a species of coprophilous agaric fungus in the family Strophariaceae. The fungus produces fruit bodies on moose, elk,  and deer dung. The species has been recorded in Europe, Canada and Brazil.

Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith.
Khaled Bahah
Khaled Mahfoudh Bahah (Arabic: خالد محفوظ بحاح; born 1 January 1965) is a Yemeni politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Yemen between 2014 and 2016, as well as Vice President of Yemen from 2015 until he was dismissed on April 3, 2016, by the former President of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.

Prime Minister of Yemen
The prime minister of the Republic of Yemen is the head of government of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the prime minister is appointed by the president, and must, like his cabinet, enjoy confidence from the House of Representatives. The prime minister selects the cabinet in coordination with the president.
Zhukivtsi, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Zhukivtsi (Ukrainian: Жуківці) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Lanivtsi urban hromada. After the liquidation of the Lanivtsi Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Lanivtsi urban hromada
Lanivtsi urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Лановецька територіальна громада, romanized: Lanovetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Lanivtsi. Its population is 21,442 (2022 estimate) It was formed on 24 May 2017.
Abraham Shimonaya
Mar Abraham Shimonaya (or Shem'onaya, c. 1862 – 1915) was a bishop of what in 1883 became the Assyrian Church of the East who converted to Catholicism in 1903 and joined the Chaldean Catholic Church. Between 1903 and his death in 1915 he was bishop of the Chaldean diocese of Hakkari.

Shimun XVIII Rubil
Mar Shimun XVIII Rubil (also Simon XVIII Rouel or Rowil) served as the Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1861 to 1903, succeeding his uncle Shimun XVII Abraham.

He led the church from Qodshanis, in southeastern Turkey. In 1869, he received an invitation from the Vatican to attend the First Vatican Council as an observer, but he did not accept the invitation, and he also rejected other initiatives for the union with the Catholic Church. The Catholicos-Patriarch died on March 16, 1903, and was succeeded by Shimun XIX Benyamin.
Ilford South (electoral division)
Ilford South was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
1968 Republican Party presidential primaries
From February 3 to July 13, 1968, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1968 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Richard Nixon was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1968 Republican National Convention held from August 5 to August 8, 1968, in Miami Beach, Florida.

John Lindsay
John Vliet Lindsay (/vliːt/; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, the mayor of New York City, and a candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regular guest host of Good Morning America. Lindsay served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from January 1959 to December 1965 and as mayor of New York from January 1966 to December 1973.

In 1971, during his second term as mayor, Lindsay switched from the Republican to the Democratic Party. That same year, he launched a brief and unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. He made an unsuccessful bid to become the Democratic candidate in the 1980 U.S. Senate election in New York.
Dacian warfare
The history of Dacian warfare  spans from c. 10th century BC to 2nd century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Dacia, populated by a collection of Thracian, Ionian, and Dorian tribes. It concerns the armed conflicts of the Dacian tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans. Apart from conflicts between Dacians and neighboring nations and tribes, numerous wars were recorded among Dacians too.

Dacians
The Dacians (/ˈdeɪ.ʃən/, DAY-shən; Latin: Daci [ˈdaːkiː]; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of Ukraine, Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language, which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC.
2019–20 Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament
The 2019–20 Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament, also called Adidas Next Generation Tournament by sponsorship reasons, was the 18th edition of the international junior basketball tournament organized by the Euroleague Basketball.

Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament
The Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament is an international boy's youth age basketball tournament that is contested between the best basketball clubs in Europe in the Under-18 age category. The tournament is organized by Euroleague Basketball, and is sponsored by Adidas. The tournament's Final Four takes place during the senior men's EuroLeague Final Four event. The tournaments's Final Four also features a slam dunk contest and 3 point shootout contest.
Cameron King
Cameron King (born 17 September 1991) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a hooker in the 2010s.

He made his debut for the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL in 2010 with whom he won the 2011 World Club Challenge. He also played for the North Queensland Cowboys and the Parramatta Eels as well as Featherstone Rovers in the Betfred Championship.

NRL Under-20s
The NRL Under-20s (known commercially as the Holden Cup due to sponsorship from Holden) was the top league of professional rugby league for players aged 20 years or younger in Australasia. Contested by sixteen teams, the Under-20s competition commenced in 2008 and was originally known as the Toyota Cup. The competition runs parallel to Australasia's professional competition, the National Rugby League, with NYC matches played immediately prior to the NRL games. Similar to the NRL, the NYC enforces a salary cap and puts a heavy focus on life outside football for the players.

The New Zealand Warriors were the most successful club in the competition's short history, with three premierships from four Grand Final appearances; in 2010, 2011 and 2014. In 2018, the NRL Under-20s was replaced by state-based under-20s competitions in New South Wales and Queensland.
St Day and Lanner (electoral division)
St Day and Lanner was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom. As a division of Cornwall County Council, it returned one member from 1973 to 1985, when it was superseded by St Day, Lanner and Carharrack. A division to the unitary authority Cornwall Council was also called St Day and Lanner, returning one councillor from 2009 to 2013, after which it was replaced by Carharrack, Gwennap and St Day and Lanner and Stithians.

Lanner and Stithians (electoral division)
Lanner and Stithians (Cornish: Lannergh ha Stedhyan) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Lanner, Stithians and Gwennap.
Zouteveen
Zouteveen is a neighbourhood in the municipality Midden-Delfland in the province South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located between Vlaardingen and Delft, about 3 km south of the town of Schipluiden. There are two hamlets in this area: Negenhuizen and De Kapel.

Midden-Delfland
Midden-Delfland (Dutch: [ˌmɪdə(n)ˈdɛl(ə)flɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality (gemeente) in the Westland region in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. It had a population of 19,414 in 2021, and covers an area of 49.38 km2 (19.07 sq mi) of which 2.19 km2 (0.85 sq mi) is water.

It was formed on 1 January 2004 through the merger of the former municipalities:

Maasland (population: 6,844), covered an area of 24.42 km2 (9.43 sq mi) of which 0.6 km2 (0.23 sq mi) water.

Schipluiden (population: 11,173), covered an area of 30.00 km2 (11.58 sq mi) of which 0.39 km2 (0.15 sq mi) water.
Point of Rocks Historic Transportation Corridor
The Point of Rocks Historic Transportation Corridor in Mineral County, Montana is a historic district including portions of the historic Mullan Road and the Milwaukee Road Railroad.

The district was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 2009. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of September 11, 2009.

It is located two miles west of Alberton, Montana.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
1980–81 Biathlon World Cup
The 1980–81 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 15 January 1981 in Jáchymov, Czechoslovakia, and ended on 5 April 1981 in Hedenäset, Sweden. It was the fourth season of the Biathlon World Cup, and it was only held for men.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
West Iron County Schools
The West Iron County School District is one of two school districts in Iron County, Michigan (the other is the Forest Park School District in Crystal Falls, Michigan). Their mascot is the Wykon. The schools include Stambaugh Elementary School and West Iron County Middle and High School.

Forest Park School District (Michigan)
Forest Park School District is a Public School District in Iron County in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The district covers serves a population of 4,320 across approximately 640 square miles, including the townships of Crystal Falls, Hematite, Mansfield, and Mastodon as well as the towns of Amasa, Alpha, and Crystal Falls. The school serves approximately 450 pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade students, who receive instruction in one building from 30 teachers for a student-teacher ratio of 14:1 as of 2019. As of 2022, the School District superintendent is Christy Larson.
Harmonization (standards)
Harmonization is the process of minimizing redundant or conflicting standards which may have evolved independently. The name is also an analogy to the process to harmonizing discordant music.

Harmonization is different from standardization. Harmonization involves a reduction in variation of standards, while standardization entails moving towards the eradication of any variation with the adoption of a single standard. The goal for standard harmonization is to find commonalities, identify critical requirements that need to be retained, and provide a common framework for standards setting organizations (SSO) to adopt. In some instances, businesses come together forming alliances or coalitions, also referred to multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSI) with a belief that harmonization could reduce compliance costs and simplify the process of meeting requirements. With potential to reduce complexity for those tasked with testing and auditing standards for compliance.

International Trade Centre
The International Trade Centre (ITC) (French: Centre du commerce international (CCI)) is a multilateral agency which has a joint mandate with the
World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN) through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

The headquarters of the ITC are in Geneva, and the agency employs around 300 employees from over 80 different nationalities.
Hashemite–Umayyad rivalry
The Hashemite–Umayyad rivalry was a feud between the clans of Banu Hashim and Umayyad dynasty, both belonging to the Meccan Arab tribe of Quraysh, in the 7th and 8th centuries. The rivalry is important as it influenced key events in the course of early Islamic history.

Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf
ʿAbd Shams ibn ʿAbd Manāf (Arabic: عبد شمس بن عبد مناف) was a prominent member of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca in modern-day Saudi Arabia. The Banu Abd Shams sub-clan of the Quraish tribe and their descendants take its name from him.
Parezgys
Parezgys (formerly Russian: Порѣзге, Polish: Porezgi) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Pajieslys, next to the Smilgaitis river and the Josvainiai Forest.

Smilgaitis
The Smilgaitis is a river of Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 34 kilometres (21 mi) and has a basin area of 76 km2 (29 sq mi). It is a right tributary of the river Smilga.

Its source is nearby Krakės town. It flows through the Josvainiai forest, Meironiškiai, Ruseiniai villages and meets the Smilga river near Stasiūnai. Keleriškiai pond is dammed on the Smilgaitis river.

The name Smilgaitis comes from the Lithuanian word smilga ('bentgrass').
1914 Birthday Honours
The 1914 Birthday Honours were appointments in the British Empire of King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published on 19 June 1914.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Office of Public Sector Information
The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. The OPSI is part of the National Archives of the United Kingdom and is responsible for Crown copyright.

The OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with the National Archives. The merger took place in October 2006. The OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of the National Archives.
Piorunów, Łódź Voivodeship
Piorunów [pjɔˈrunuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Wodzierady, 21 km (13 mi) north of Łask, and 28 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wodzierady
Wodzierady [vɔd͡ʑɛˈradɨ] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wodzierady. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Łask and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.