hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
A series of occasional armed skirmishes and firefights have occurred along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border between the Afghan Armed Forces and the Pakistan Armed Forces since 1949. The latest round of hostilities between the two countries began in April 2007.

Militants belonging to internationally designated terrorist groups Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Jamaat-ul-Ahrar also use Afghanistan's territory to target Pakistani security personnel deployed along the border. Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry, spokesperson for the Pakistan Armed Forces, said that the presence of terrorists belonging to the TTP on Afghan soil is the reason for sporadic shelling of, and airstrikes on, Afghanistan's territory by the Pakistan Armed Forces.

Sirkanay District
Sirkanay District (Sarkani District) is situated in the central part of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Pakistan to the south. The population is 39,292 (2019). The district administrative center is the village of Serkanay (34°47′26″N 71°06′31″E﻿ / ﻿34.7906°N 71.1086°E﻿ / 34.7906; 71.1086) at 775 m altitude. To the north the district borders the Kunar River, which irrigates the small part of arable land. Drought is the major problem of the people. The majority of the houses (70%) were destroyed during the wars. Many young men live and work in Pakistan.

Ethnic background: Nearly all population of Serkanay District are pashtun people with a small number of gujars. Alakozais  are the dominant tribe of the district who live in the central part of the district. Other tribes are Mamoond, Momand, Safi and Salarzais.
Battle of Montmeló
The Battle of Montmeló took place on 28 March 1642 in Montmeló, Catalonia during the Reapers' War. A Franco-Catalan army under the command of Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt fought and defeated a smaller Spanish force under Pedro Antonio de Aragón.

Montmeló
Montmeló (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌmomːəˈlo]) is a municipality in the comarca of Vallès Oriental, within the Barcelona metropolitan area, in Catalonia, Spain. It contains the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, which is the home of the Formula One Barcelona-Catalunya Grand Prix, and was the home of the Spanish Grand Prix until 2025, and the home of MotoGP Catalan Grand Prix.
2014 Shanghai Masters (snooker)
The 2014 Bank of Communications OTO Shanghai Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 8–14 September 2014 at the Shanghai Grand Stage in Shanghai, China. The eighth edition of the tournament since it was first held in 2007, it was the third ranking event of the 2014/2015 season. It was sponsored by the Bank of Communications.

Ding Junhui was the defending champion, but he lost 4–6 against Stuart Bingham in the semi-finals.

Bingham won his second ranking title by defeating Mark Allen 10–3 in the final.

Shanghai Masters (snooker)
The Shanghai Masters is a professional snooker tournament. Held as a ranking event from 2007 to 2017, it became a non-ranking invitational tournament in 2018. It features 24 invited players, comprising the top 16 players in the world rankings, the four highest-ranked Chinese players outside the top 16, and four Chinese wildcard players. Following the 2019 edition, the tournament was not held again until 2023, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the most recent edition in 2025, the winner received £210,000 from a total prize fund of £825,000.

Ronnie O'Sullivan is the most successful player in the tournament's history, having won the title five times, in 2009, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2023. Four maximum breaks have been made in the history of the event, most recently by Zhang Anda at the 2025 edition. The reigning champion is Kyren Wilson, who won his second title at the 2025 event with an 11–9 victory over Ali Carter.
2004 UNCAF Interclub Cup
The 2004 UNCAF Interclub Cup was the 22nd edition of the Central American Club Championship and the 6th edition under its current name, UNCAF Interclub Cup.  C.S.D. Municipal from Guatemala, lifted its 4th title.

UNCAF Interclub Cup
The UNCAF Interclub Cup was an annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region (Central America). The competition was open to the leading domestic club teams in the region. The winners of each national league qualified automatically. It also provided qualification places for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup, to which the top three teams advanced. Starting in 2008, all of the Central American nations have one or two teams qualifying directly to the expanded CONCACAF Champions League, thus this tournament ceased to be played.

This tournament replaced former friendly competitions such as the Copa Fraternidad (1971–1983) and the Torneo Grandes de Centroamérica (1996–1998).

In 2016, a new women's tournament was introduced.
Jose Faustino Jr.
Jose Calingasan Faustino Jr. (born November 12, 1965) is a retired Philippine Army general who previously served as Senior Undersecretary and officer-in-charge of the Department of National Defense.

He previously served as the 56th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from July to November 2021 and was controversially designated the Acting Commanding General of the Philippine Army from February to May 2021 during the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte.

1st Scout Ranger Regiment
The Scout Rangers (SR), known officially as the First Scout Ranger Regiment (FSSR), is a special operations forces of the Philippine Army (PA) that is specialized in combat patrols and scouting behind enemy lines in a special operations forces (SOF) style. The SR is similar to the 75th Ranger Regiment of the United States Army (USA). Their headquarters is based at Camp Pablo Tecson in San Miguel, Bulacan.

The regiment is also known as Musangs (in English, Scout Rangers).
Hydration energy
In chemistry, hydration energy (also hydration enthalpy) is the amount of energy released when one mole of ions undergoes solvation.  Hydration energy is one component in the quantitative analysis of solvation. It is a particular special case of water. The value of hydration energies is one of the most challenging aspects of structural prediction.  Upon dissolving a salt in water, the cations and anions interact with the positive and negative dipoles of the water.  The trade-off of these interactions vs those within the crystalline solid comprises the hydration energy.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
February 1906 City of London by-election
The February 1906 City of London by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 February 1906 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.

The seat had become vacant on the resignation of Alban Gibbs, one of the constituency's two Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs). Gibbs had resigned in order to provide a safe seat for Arthur Balfour. He would go on to succeed his father, Hucks Gibbs, as Baron Aldenham the following year.

Balfour had been out of Parliament following his defeat at Manchester East in the 1906 general election. He had been prime minister between 1902 and 1905 and at the time was Leader of the Conservative Party, with Joseph Chamberlain filling in as Leader of the Opposition while Balfour was out of Parliament.

Manchester East
Manchester East  was one of six single-member parliamentary constituencies created in 1885 by the division of the existing three-member Parliamentary Borough of Manchester. The others were: Manchester South, Manchester North, Manchester North East, Manchester North West and Manchester South West.  They were all abolished in 1918.
Masahiro Sekita
Masahiro Sekita (関田 誠大, Sekita Masahiro; born 20 November 1993) is a Japanese male professional volleyball player from Tokyo. He currently plays in SV.League for Suntory Sunbirds and Japan men's national volleyball team.

Sekita used to be the captain of Japan U-21 national team in 2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship and 2013 FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship.

2024 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League
The 2024 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League was the sixth edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual men's international volleyball tournament. The competition was held from 21 May to 30 June 2024, with the final round taking place at the Atlas Arena, Łódź, Poland.

Following the results of the 2023 Nations League and the 2023 Challenger Cup, China were replaced by debutants Turkey in this edition.

France won their second VNL title after a four-set match against Japan in the final. It was Japan's first silver medal in 47 years. Finals host Poland swept Slovenia in the third place match to bag their third bronze medal. Antoine Brizard from France was named the MVP of the tournament.
Ach' An Todhair
Ach' An Todhair is a small hamlet on the shore of Loch Linnhe in the Highland council area, Scotland. It is located along the A82 road directly south of Fort William. A bus serves the hamlet, connecting it to Fort William in the north and Corran and Inchree to the south. A number of graves of Clan Campbell are said to be located in this area of the lochside. It is mentioned in a poem in Hugh MacDiarmid's poetry collection The golden treasury of Scottish poetry  which goes, "the sloucher of them was lying in Ach' an Todhair. Whoso climbed Tom na-h-aire ? Many were the new paws there badly salted, the death-cloud on their eyes, lifeless after being scourged with sword-blades".

A 174.86-hectare (432.1-acre) area of woodland near the hamlet has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). It was formerly part of the Loch Linnhe SSSI which was established in 1967.

Corran, Lochaber
Corran (Scottish Gaelic: An Corran) is a former fishing village, situated on Corran Point, on the west side of the Corran Narrows of Loch Linnhe,  in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland. There are three small settlements set apart from the main cluster of houses: North Corran, Clovullin and Sallachan. The Highland Council Corran Ferry runs to Corran from eastern shore of the Narrows and the Corran Point Lighthouse is located there.
Keystone Association
The Keystone Association was a five–team independent level baseball minor league that played in the 1884 and 1885 seasons. The Keystone Association featured franchises based exclusively in Pennsylvania.

Lancaster Red Roses
The Lancaster Red Roses baseball team, originally known as the Maroons, changed its name at the start of the 1906 season during a bitter match with the York, Pennsylvania-based White Roses. Some sources indicate that the rival teams were named for the opposing factions in England's historic Wars of the Roses.  The Lancaster Red Roses played at Stumpf Field in Manheim Township, Pennsylvania, which is still used today by local baseball and softball leagues.
St John the Baptist, Penshurst
St John the Baptist Church at Penshurst in Kent is a Grade I listed Anglican parish church in the Diocese of Rochester in England. Those buried or commemorated here include Knights, Earls, Viscounts, a Viceroy of India, a Governor-General of Australia, a Private Secretary to two Kings, two Field Marshals and two winners of the Victoria Cross. Through its courtiers, soldiers, statesmen, politicians or priests whose lives appear on memorials or through its changing architecture, brasses, carvings, effigies and windows, the church helps tell a country's story through the eyes of single village.

Penshurst
Penshurst is a historic village and civil parish located in a valley upon the northern slopes of the Kentish Weald, at the confluence of the River Medway and the River Eden, within the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England.

The village is situated between the market town of Tonbridge and the spa town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, some 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Sevenoaks. Penshurst and its neighbouring village, Fordcombe, recorded a combined population of some 1,628 at the 2011 Census.

The majority of the parish falls within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the village is itself a conservation zone, with controls on the landscape ensuring the protection of its woodland and fields. There are several listed buildings in the village.

The village is the home of two historic estates. Penshurst Place, formerly owned by King Henry VIII, sits at the centre of the village in the valley, while Swaylands is situated at the top of Rogues Hill on the outskirts of the village.
Fedoseyevka, Murmansk Oblast
Fedoseyevka (Russian: Федосе́евка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle at a height of 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. Population: 3 (2010 Census).

Kandalakshsky District
Kandalakshsky District (Russian: Кандала́кшский райо́н) is an administrative district (a raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kandalakshsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, and borders with Kovdorsky District to the north, Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, and with Finland to the west. The area of the district is 14,400 square kilometers (5,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kandalaksha. Population:  49,544 (2010 Census); 60,140 (2002 Census); 78,239 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kandalaksha accounts for 72.0% of the district's total population.
Stade Michel-Amand
The Stade Michel-Amand, formerly the Stade de la Pépinière, is a stadium in Poitiers, France. It is currently used for football matches and is the home stadium of Stade Poitevin FC. It has a capacity of 12,000.

Stade Poitevin FC
Stade Poitevin FC is a French football team based in the city of Poitiers, which was established in 1921. It was known as Poitiers FC between 2007 and 2018, and had a number of other names in its history. The club (as Stade Poitevin PEPP) spent the 1995–96 season in Ligue 2.

As of the 2019–20 season, the club play in Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football, and are managed by Erwan Lannuzel.
Leninskoye, Amur Oblast
Leninskoye (Russian: Ле́нинское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Leninsky Selsoviet of Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 299 as of 2018. There are 9 streets.

Arkharinsky District
Arkharinsky District  (Russian: Архари́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 14,355 square kilometers (5,542 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Arkhara. Population: 17,186 (2010 Census); 21,068 (2002 Census); 27,537 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Arkhara accounts for 55.8% of the district's total population.
Kento Nagasaki
Kento Nagasaki (長崎 健人, Nagasaki Kento; born June 5, 1990) is a Japanese footballer who plays as a midfielder. He currently plays for Nakhon Si United in Thai League 2.

Kento has spent most of his playing career playing for clubs in Singapore and Thailand.

2017 S.League
The 2017 S.League (also known as the Great Eastern Hyundai S.League for sponsorship reasons) was the 22nd season of the S.League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1996. The season began on 26 February 2017, and concluded on 18 November 2017. Albirex Niigata (S) were the defending champions.

It was the final season with the "S.League" name as it was officially renamed to Singapore Premier League from the 2018 season onwards.
2020 Monterrey Open
The 2020 Monterrey Open (also known as the Abierto GNP Seguros for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 12th edition of the Monterrey Open and an International tournament on the 2020 WTA Tour. It took place at the Club Sonoma in Monterrey, Mexico, from 2 to 8 March 2020.

2020 WTA Tour
The 2020 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2020 tennis season. The 2020 WTA Tour calendar originally comprised the Grand Slam tournaments supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy).

Many tournaments were cancelled or postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the Tokyo Summer Olympics and the Wimbledon Championships.
Velyka Novosilka
Velyka Novosilka (Ukrainian: Велика Новосілка; Russian: Великая Новосёлка, romanized: Velikaya Novosyolka) is a rural settlement in Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Population: 5,235 (2022 estimate). The settlement has been under Russian occupation since 28 January 2025.

Ukrainian Greeks
Ukrainian Greeks are a Greek minority that reside in or used to reside in the territory of modern Ukraine. The majority of Ukrainian Greeks live in Donetsk Oblast and are particularly concentrated around the city of Mariupol.

According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, there were 91,548 ethnic Greeks in Ukraine, or 0.2% of the population. However, the actual percentage of those with Greek ancestry is likely to be much higher due to widespread intermarriage between ethnic Greeks and those Ukrainian citizens who are Ukrainian Orthodox, particularly in eastern Ukraine, as well as the absence of strong links to Greece or use of the Greek language by many with Greek ancestry in these areas and who therefore are not classified as Greeks in official censuses.

Most Greeks in Ukraine belong to the larger Greek diaspora known as Pontic Greeks. But there are also a small recent group of Greek expats and immigrants to Ukraine.
Diocese of Valle de la Pascua
The Diocese of Valle de la Pascua (Latin: Dioecesis Vallispaschalensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Valle de la Pascua. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Calabozo in Venezuela.

Valle de la Pascua
Valle de la Pascua is the capital city of the autonomous municipality of Leonardo Infante, Guárico, Venezuela .  The city is located in the central plains of Venezuela and was founded on February 25, 1785, by Father Mariano Martí. Along with Zaraza, Calabozo and San Juan de Los Morros (the state capital), Valle de la Pascua is one of the most important cities in the state of Guárico and the most important economically.  The vicinity of the city was the scene of the Battle of Valle de la Pascua in February 1814.
Wamel
Wamel is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is part of the West Maas en Waal municipality, about 3 km east of Tiel.

Wamel was a separate municipality until 1984, when it merged with Appeltern and Dreumel. The new municipality was first called "Wamel", but  changed to "West Maas en Waal" in 1985. Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, "Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten", KNAW, 2006.

It was first mentioned in 893 as Uamele. The etymology is unclear. The village developed into an elongated settlement. The Dutch Reformed Church dates from 1572 and replaces a demolished earlier church. Between 1878 and 1879, a Roman Catholic church was built. It was destroyed in 1944, and rebuilt between 1952 and 1954. In 1840, it was home to 1,453 people.

West Maas en Waal
West Maas en Waal (Dutch pronunciation: [ʋɛst ˈmaːs ɛɱ ˈʋaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland.

The municipality covers the western part of the Land van Maas en Waal, an island located between the Meuse and Waal rivers.
Rise (Bad Brains album)
Rise is the fifth studio album by American rock band Bad Brains. It is the first Bad Brains album to be released on a major label (Epic Records) and is notable for the absence of two original members: here, Israel Joseph I replaces vocalist H.R. and Cro-Mags drummer Mackie Jayson, who was a session musician on the band's previous album Quickness, replaces drummer Earl Hudson.

The album was released in the wake of a number of funk rock acts whose sounds recalled the latter work of Bad Brains.

Darryl Jenifer
Darryl Jenifer (born October 22, 1960) is an American musician, widely known as the bassist for the hardcore punk band Bad Brains and for the rap-rock group The White Mandingos. He appeared in TV's Illest Minority Moments presented by ego trip and the three-part ego trip's Race-O-Rama on VH1.

Jenifer credits numerous musicians and bands for inspiring and influencing his playing, including Al Di Meola, James Jamerson, Geezer Butler, Larry Graham, Stanley Clarke, Percy Jones, Aston Barrett, Lloyd Parks, Errol Holt, Bob Marley, Mahavishnu Orchestra, 999, Eater, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simonon, the Ramones, Return to Forever, Brand X, Weather Report, Earth, Wind, and Fire, Lonnie Liston Smith, Roy Ayers, the Dickies, the Damned, Generation X, the Buzzcocks, Sly and the Family Stone, Led Zeppelin, Peter Frampton, and Black Sabbath.

Jenifer released his first solo album entitled In Search of Black Judas on October 26, 2010. The album had been in development for nearly a decade.
2019 Thindown Challenger Biella
The 2019 Thindown Challenger Biella was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Biella, Italy between 16 and 22 September 2019.

Challenger Pulcra Lachiter Biella
The Città di Biella (formerly known as Challenger Thindown Biella, Pulcra Lachiter Biella and Canella Challenger) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Biella, Italy, since 1998. After a 3 year hiatus, it came back in 2025 as the Challenger Città di Biella.
The Holocaust in Latvia
The Holocaust in Latvia refers to the crimes against humanity committed by Nazi Germany and collaborators victimizing Jews during the occupation of Latvia. From 1941 to 1944, around 70,000 Jews were murdered, approximately three-quarters of the pre-war total of 93,000. In addition, thousands of German and Austrian Jews were deported to the Riga Ghetto.

Franz Walter Stahlecker
Franz Walter Stahlecker (10 October 1900 – 23 March 1942) was commander of the SS security forces, the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), for the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941–42. Stahlecker commanded Einsatzgruppe A, the most murderous of the four Einsatzgruppen (death squads during the Holocaust) active in German-occupied Eastern Europe. He was fatally wounded in action by Soviet partisans and was replaced by Heinz Jost.