hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British League Knockout Cup
The British League Knockout Cup was a speedway Knockout Cup competition in the United Kingdom governed by the Speedway Control Board (SCB) in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA), that was staged between 1965 and 1994. The teams from the top division of league racing, the British League, took part. A similar competition was held for clubs in leagues that succeeded the British League, including the Elite League Knockout Cup and the Premier League Knockout Cup.

British League
The British League was the main motorcycle speedway league in Britain from its formation in 1965 until 1995 when British speedway was restructured. It initially had a single division, with a second division starting in 1968 (which was renamed the New National League in 1975 and subsequently the National League).

The British League was formed in 1965 following the merger of the National League and the Provincial League. Matches were held over a series of races, with two riders from each team taking part in each race. In 1995 it was replaced by the Premier League for two years before the sport was restructured into three tiers with the formation of the Elite League in 1997. The Championship was decided on a league table basis.
Longfellow, Minneapolis
Longfellow, also referred to as Greater Longfellow is a defined community in Minneapolis, Minnesota which includes five smaller neighborhoods inside of it: Seward, Cooper, Hiawatha, Howe and Longfellow. The community is a mix of agri-industrial properties along the old Northern Pacific Railway, expansive parkland surrounding the famous Minnehaha Falls, and smaller residential areas.

Neighborhoods of Minneapolis
Minneapolis is officially defined by its city council as divided into 83 neighborhoods. The neighborhoods are historically grouped into 11 communities. Informally, there are city areas with colloquial labels. Residents may also group themselves by their city street suffixes: North, Northeast, South, and Southeast.
Complexity of constraint satisfaction
The complexity of constraint satisfaction is the application of computational complexity theory to constraint satisfaction. It has mainly been studied for discriminating between tractable and intractable classes of constraint satisfaction problems on finite domains.

Solving a constraint satisfaction problem on a finite domain is an NP-complete problem in general. Research has shown a number of polynomial-time subcases, mostly obtained by restricting either the allowed domains or constraints or the way constraints can be placed over the variables. Research has also established a relationship between the constraint satisfaction problem and problems in other areas such as finite model theory and databases.

Schaefer's dichotomy theorem
In computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, proved by Thomas Jerome Schaefer, states necessary and sufficient conditions under which a finite set S of relations over the Boolean domain yields polynomial-time or NP-complete problems when the relations of S are used to constrain some of the propositional variables.
It is called a dichotomy theorem because the complexity of the problem defined by S is either in P or is NP-complete, as opposed to one of the classes of intermediate complexity that is known to exist (assuming P ≠ NP) by Ladner's theorem.

Special cases of Schaefer's dichotomy theorem include the NP-completeness of SAT (the Boolean satisfiability problem) and its two popular variants 1-in-3 SAT and not-all-equal 3SAT (often denoted by NAE-3SAT). In fact, for these two variants of SAT, Schaefer's dichotomy theorem shows that their monotone versions (where negations of variables are not allowed) are also NP-complete.
Indian National Mathematical Olympiad
The Indian National Mathematical Olympiad (INMO) is a highly selective high school mathematics competition held annually in India. It is conducted by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE) under the aegis of the National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM).

The Mathematical Olympiad Program (MOP) comprises a five-stage process overseen by the National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM). The initial stage, the Indian Olympiad Qualifier in Mathematics (IOQM), is organized by the Mathematics Teachers’ Association (MTA). Subsequent stages are conducted by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE).

British Mathematical Olympiad
The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team and for other international maths competitions, including the European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad, the Romanian Master of Mathematics and Sciences, and the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad. It is organised by the British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust, which is part of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust. There are two rounds, the BMO1 and the BMO2.
Berinjak
Berinjak (pronounced [bɛˈɾiːnjak]) is a small settlement in the Haloze Hills in the Municipality of Videm in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Videm
The Municipality of Videm (pronounced [ˈʋiːdəm]) is a municipality in Slovenia. It includes part of the flatlands south of Ptuj and extends beyond the Dravinja River into the Haloze Hills to the south. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the settlement of Videm pri Ptuju. It borders Croatia.
Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Reichskrone), a hoop crown (Bügelkrone) with a characteristic octagonal shape, was the coronation crown of the Holy Roman Emperor, probably from the late 10th century until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. The crown was used in the coronation of the King of the Romans, the title assumed by the Emperor-elect immediately after his election. It is now kept in the Imperial Treasury (Kaiserliche Schatzkammer) at the Hofburg in Vienna, Austria.

Trifels Castle
Trifels Castle (German: Reichsburg Trifels, pronounced [ˈʁaɪçsˌbʊʁk ˈtʁiːfɛls]) is a reconstructed medieval castle at an elevation of 500 m (1,600 ft) near the small town of Annweiler, in the Palatinate region of southwestern Germany. It is located high above the Queich valley within the Palatinate Forest on one peak of a red sandstone mountain split into three. Trifels Castle is on the peak of the Sonnenberg, and on both of the other two rock elevations there are castle ruins: Anebos Castle and Scharfenberg Castle (demotically called Münz).

Trifels Castle has been gradually restored since the 19th century and today replicas of the Imperial Regalia (Reichskleinodien) of the Holy Roman Empire are on display here. It is—together with Hambach Castle—one of the most popular tourist destinations in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Vologda electoral district
The Vologda electoral district (Russian: Вологодский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election. The electoral district covered the Vologda Governorate. Out of the 10 uezds in Vologda electoral district, the account of U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey (see table below) has 1 uezds with a largely incomplete vote count and gaps in coverage in another 2 uezds.

In Vologda the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks had a common list. Soviet sources indicated that Social Democratic list was dominated by the Bolsheviks. In the Komi areas, the main competitors of the SRs were the Kadets and the Popular Socialists.

Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate (Russian: Вологодская губерния, romanized: Vologodskaya guberniya), also known as the Government of Vologda, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its administrative center was in the city of Vologda.

The area of the governorate is currently split between Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kirov, and Kostroma Oblasts, and the Komi Republic.

Vologda Governorate was officially created in 1796 from the disbanded Vologda Viceroyalty (namestnichestvo) which was split between Arkhangelsk Viceroyalty and Vologda Viceroyalty just before the new administrative reform.
Kahiltna Peaks
The Kahiltna Peaks are two prominent summits on a western spur of Denali in the central Alaska Range, in Denali National Park. The 13,440-foot (4,100 m) east peak and the 12,835-foot (3,912 m) west peak are separated from the main Denali massif by Kahiltna Notch, between the northeast and east forks of Kahiltna Glacier.

Denali National Park and Preserve
Denali National Park and Preserve, formerly known as Mount McKinley National Park, is a United States national park and preserve located in Interior Alaska, centered on Denali, the highest mountain in North America. The park and contiguous preserve encompass 6,045,153 acres (2,446,387 ha; 9,446 sq mi; 24,464 km2) which is larger than the state of New Hampshire. On December 2, 1980, 2,146,580-acre (3,354 sq mi; 8,687 km2) of Mount McKinley's Wilderness was established within the park. Denali's landscape is a mix of forest at the lowest elevations, including deciduous taiga, with tundra at middle elevations, and glaciers, snow, and bare rock at the highest elevations. The longest glacier is Kahiltna Glacier. Wintertime activities include dog sledding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling. The park received 594,660 recreational visitors in 2018.
Battle of Bereza Kartuska
The Battle of Bereza Kartuska was fought between the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Russia around the village Bereza Kartuska (now Byaroza, Belarus) first on 14 February 1919, and again between 21 and 26 July 1920.

The first skirmish of Bereza is considered to be the initial engagement of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921 by some historians.

Polesie Voivodeship
Polesie Voivodeship (Polish: województwo poleskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939), named after the historical region of Polesia. It was created by the Council of Ministers of the Second Polish Republic on February 19, 1921, as a result of peace agreement signed with the Russian and Ukrainian SSRs in Riga. Polesie Voivodeship was the largest province of interwar Poland. It ceased to function in September 1939, following the Nazi-German and Soviet invasion of Poland in accordance with a secret protocol of the Nazi–Soviet Pact of non-aggression.
Gmina Rajcza
Gmina Rajcza is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the village of Rajcza, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Żywiec and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 131.17 square kilometres (50.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 8,835.

Żywiec
Żywiec (Polish pronunciation: [ˈʐɨvjɛts]) is a town on the River Soła in southern Poland, with 31,194 inhabitants (2019). It is situated within the Silesian Voivodeship, near the Żywiec Lake and Żywiec Landscape Park, one of the eight protected areas in the voivodeship. Historically and culturally, the town is part of the Lesser Poland (Małopolska) region and is the capital of the Żywiecczyzna region, which is ethnically part of the Goral Lands.

The asteroid 551231 Żywiec is named after the town.
2003 Tour de Suisse
The 2003 Tour de Suisse was the 67th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 16 June to 25 June 2003. The race started in Egerkingen and finished in Aarau. The race was won by Alexander Vinokourov of the Telekom team.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
Statue of the Sailor
The statue of the Sailor (Polish: Pomnik Marynarza) is a monument in Szczecin, Poland, within the Centre neighbourhood of the Downtown district. It is placed on the Pope John Paul II Avenue, next to the Grunwald Square. The statue was designed by Ryszard Chachulski and unveiled on 19 June 1980.

Centrum, Szczecin
Centrum (Centre) is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland,  situated on the left bank of Oder river, in Śródmieście District. It borders Śródmieście-Zachód to the west, Śródmieście-Północ to the north, Stare Miasto to the east, and Nowe Miasto to the south. As of January 2011 it had a population of 21,064.
Abby Scott Baker
Abby Pearce Scott Baker (July 24, 1871 – May 13, 1944) was an American suffragist and women's rights advocate. She served as Political Chair of the National Woman's Party, and played a key role in putting the NWP in the media spotlight in the months leading up to the ratification of Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. She was also active in the Congressional Union for Women's Suffrage. Baker was seen as instrumental in bridging the gap across administrations, from Woodrow Wilson, who was deeply hostile toward the NWP, to Harding, who was seen as more willing to engage the NWP in dialogue, and brought women's participation in party politics to a more acceptable place in the public discourse.

Lucy Burns
Lucy Burns (July 28, 1879 – December 22, 1966) was an American suffragist and women's rights advocate.  She was a passionate activist in the United States and the United Kingdom, who joined the militant suffragettes. Burns was a close friend of Alice Paul, and together they ultimately formed the National Woman's Party.
Odontobutis
Odontobutis is a genus of freshwater sleepers native to East Asia and Vietnam. Species in this genus are generally ambush predators with stout bodies, large heads and a wide, rounded pectoral fins. They can be found in small ponds, lakes and river habitats, often in fresh water or brackish water. This genus evolved during the early Miocene epoch during the Neogene period.

Dark sleeper
The dark sleeper, Odontobutis obscura, is a species of freshwater sleeper native to Japan and Korea (only Geojedo).  This species can reach up to 25 cm (9.8 in) in length.  It is a commercially important species. This species is also called toadfish.
Myroslava Gongadze
Myroslava Volodýmyrivna Gongadze (Ukrainian: Миросла́ва Володи́мирівна Ґонґа́дзе, née Petryshyn (Ukrainian: Петришин); born 19 June 1972) is a Ukrainian journalist currently living in the United States. Her husband, journalist Georgiy Gongadze, was abducted and murdered in 2000. Since then she has been a prominent advocate for freedom of the press and protection of the safety of reporters in Ukraine, and has continued to work for justice in the case of her husband's murder.

Politics of Ukraine
The politics of Ukraine take place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic and a multi-party system. A Cabinet of Ministers exercises executive power (jointly with the president until 1996). Legislative power is vested in Ukraine's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian: Верховна Рада, lit. 'Supreme Council').

As part of the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991, the political system featured a single-party socialist-republic framework characterized by the superior role of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), the sole-governing party then permitted by the Ukrainian SSR's constitution. In 1996, the current constitution replaced the previous constitution that was introduced in 1978.

The condemned Russian annexations of Crimea in 2014 and of Donetsk and Luhansk in 2022 have complicated the de facto political situation associated with those areas.
Olympus FTL
The Olympus FTL  was a 35mm single-lens reflex camera (SLR) sold by Olympus between 1971 and 1972. It was a transition model between the Pen F half-frame SLR and full-frame OM-1. 
The FTL was a very traditional SLR with 42mm screw lenses.

Olympus OM-1
The Olympus OM-1 is a manually operated 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) professional camera, part of the Olympus OM system. It was manufactured by Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., later Olympus Corporation, in Japan between 1972 and 1988.
1959 Fianna Fáil leadership election
The 1959 Fianna Fáil leadership election began in June 1959, when Éamon de Valera resigned as party leader and Taoiseach to take up the post of President of Ireland. It was the first leadership election for the party as De Valera had been leader since the foundation of the party in 1926, and had served as Taoiseach on three occasions. His successor was elected by the members of the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party on 22 June 1959. After one ballot the election was won by Seán Lemass.  He was elected Taoiseach in Dáil Éireann on the following day.

Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade
The Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade (Irish: An tAire Gnóthaí Eachtracha agus Trádála) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

The Minister's office is located at Iveagh House, on St Stephen's Green in Dublin; "Iveagh House" is often used as a metonym for the department as a whole. From 1922 until 1971, the title of the office was Minister for External Affairs.

The office holder since November 2025 is Helen McEntee, TD. She is also Minister for Defence.

She is assisted by:

Thomas Byrne, TD – Minister of State for European Affairs

Neale Richmond, TD – Minister of State for International Development and Diaspora
Netherfields
Netherfields is an area in the Park End and Beckfield ward of the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It forms the north-east side of the Ormesby.

The area includes Outwood Academy Ormesby, Priory Woods (School and Arts College), and Pennyman Primary Academy. Fulbeck Road is the main road through the area.

Borough of Middlesbrough
The Borough of Middlesbrough is a district in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Tees Valley region, along with the boroughs of Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar and Cleveland, Hartlepool and Darlington. The district covers the town of Middlesbrough, Nunthorpe civil parish and Stainton and Thornton civil parish. Since its creation in 1974, it has had borough status and the governing Middlesbrough Council became a unitary authority in 1996.
Highway Emergency Response Operators
The Highway Emergency Response Operators (HERO) program is a type of freeway service patrol in United States.

The first program started with the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) in 1994. It has expanded to states like Texas, with similar programs in Florida and New York (state). Both the programs and the individual vehicles are typically referred to by the acronym HERO.

Georgia Department of Transportation
The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) is the organization in charge of developing and maintaining all state and federal roadways in the U.S. state of Georgia. In addition to highways, the department also has a limited role in developing public transportation and general aviation programs. GDOT is headquartered in downtown Atlanta and is part of the executive branch of state government.

GDOT has broken up the state of Georgia into seven districts in order to facilitate regional development. Each district is responsible for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the state and federal highways in its region.
Calycopis
Calycopis is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Massively split up by Kurt Johnson in 1991, most modern authors consider the changes proposed at that time to be unjustified. Most of the species of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm and others in the Nearctic realm.

Species include:

Calycopis cecrops Fabricius, 1793 – red-banded hairstreak

Calycopis isobeon Butler & H. Druce, 1872

Calycopis pisis (Godman & Salvin, 1887)

Calycopis trebula (Hewitson, 1868); Trebula groundstreak

Several proposed species are of doubtful validity.

Red-banded hairstreak
The red-banded hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops) is a butterfly native to the southeastern United States. It feeds on fallen leaves of sumac species and other trees. It is 0.9–1.25 inches (23–32 mm) in size. It lives near coastal areas.

Its genome was sequenced in 2016. It has a false "head" that helps it avoid predators. In a 2012 experiment, C. cecrops was exposed to a jumping spider, Phidippus pulcherrimus, which researchers found to be a "very efficient strategy in deflecting attacks."
Zechariah 10
Zechariah 10 is the tenth of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah. In the Hebrew Bible it is part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 9–14, attributed to the so-called "Second Zechariah", an anonymous successor to the Zechariah of chapters 1-8.

Zechariah 14
Zechariah 14 is the fourteenth and final chapter of the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book contains the prophecies during the sixth century BCE attributed to the prophet Zechariah. In the Hebrew Bible it is part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. This chapter is a part of a section—so-called "Second Zechariah"—consisting of Zechariah 9–14. It continues the theme of chapters 12 and 13 about the "war preceding peace for Jerusalem in the eschatological future'" It is written almost entirely in third-person prophetic discourse, with seven references to "that day".
Little Sampford
Little Sampford is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It lies on the B1053 road, 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Saffron Walden, its post town. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 269.

The parish was historically sometimes known as Sampford Parva.

Uttlesford
Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in the town of Saffron Walden. The district also includes the town of Great Dunmow and numerous villages, including Stansted Mountfitchet, Takeley, Elsenham,  Thaxted, and Newport. The district covers a largely rural area in the north-west of Essex. London Stansted Airport lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Braintree, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire and South Cambridgeshire.
The Game Factory
The Game Factory was a Danish video game publisher operating in Europe and North America. The Game Factory was founded in 2004 and fully owned by K.E. Mathiasen A/S, with headquarters just outside Aarhus, Denmark. Its titles were distributed either by the company's own sales force in Scandinavia, their parent company K.E. Media or from their two fully owned subsidiaries in Santa Monica, California and London, England.

Their final known release was Rubik's World for the Nintendo DS and Wii on November 4, 2008. Both their American and European websites lay dormant until July 2012 when their hosting expired. Their domains eventually followed.

Garfield merchandise
Garfield merchandise is the merchandise based on the "Garfield" comic strip by Jim Davis. Garfield is one of the world's most prominent and widely syndicated comic strips, and was specifically designed to be marketable. Before the sale of Paws, Inc. in August 2019, all the profits from merchandise went to Paws, Inc., of which Jim Davis is the CEO and founder. The following is a compiled list of selected merchandise based on the franchise.