hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The basic beliefs and traditions of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) have a cultural impact that distinguishes church members, practices and activities. The culture is geographically concentrated in the Mormon Corridor in the United States, and is present to a lesser extent in many places of the world where Latter-day Saints live.

In some aspects, Latter-day Saint culture is distinct from church doctrine. Cultural practices which are centrally based on church doctrine include adhering to the church's law of health, paying tithing, living the law of chastity, participation in lay leadership of the church, refraining from work on Sundays when possible, family home evenings, and ministering to other church members.

The majority of Latter-day Saints live outside the United States. Therefore, even though the global differences are important, there are some common traits around Latter-day Saints worldwide.

Ensign College
Ensign College is a private college in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Founded in 1886, the college is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and operates under its Church Educational System. It also includes an institute of religion and is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.
Carnegie Library (Upland, California)
The Carnegie Library, historically known as the Upland Public Library, is a Carnegie library located at 123 East D Street in Upland, California. Built in 1913, the library was the first public building in Upland. Architect Homer W. Glidden designed the library in the Classical Revival style. The library's design features a projecting central entrance with a plain frieze supported by two columns and brick pilasters, a stucco parapet extending around most of the building, and a cornice set above dentils. The building served as a library until 1969, when the library moved to a new building. The City of Upland still owns the building and rents it to the public for community events. It is also used by the Upland Public Library to house its Literacy Program.

The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 1990.

Upland, California
Upland is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, on the border with neighboring Los Angeles County. The municipality is located at an elevation of 1,242 feet (379 m). As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 79,040, up from 73,732 at the 2010 census.

Upland was incorporated as a city on May 15, 1906; it was previously named North Ontario. Upland is located at the foot of the highest part of the San Gabriel Mountains and is part of the Inland Empire, a metropolitan area situated directly east of Los Angeles County.
Hawk Green
Hawk Green is a suburb of Marple, Greater Manchester, England, on the Macclesfield Canal around a traditional village green. High Lane is to the south and Turf Lea to the east.

Just to the north of the centre of Hawk Green is Goyt Mill, a former cotton mill that now houses various businesses and recreational facilities, including a large indoor climbing wall. It was once home to the Frost family who, in 1823, except for their youngest daughter, Annie, died in a fire close to it. Charles Frost was a fantasy novelist.

Turf Lea
Turf Lea is a hamlet located at the end of The Ridge, above Marple, in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, UK.

Nearby is Wybersley Hall, where the author Christopher Isherwood was born.
Laubenheim
Laubenheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Langenlonsheim-Stromberg, whose seat is in Langenlonsheim. Laubenheim is a winegrowing village.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
2023 Horizon League baseball tournament
The 2023 Horizon League baseball tournament was held from May 24 through 27.  All six of the league's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Nischwitz Stadium in Fairborn, Ohio, home field of Wright State, which was the regular season champion.  Wright State won the tournament for the tenth time and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Wright State Raiders baseball
The Wright State Raiders baseball team is the college baseball team of Wright State University. The program was founded in 1971 where it started off in Division II until 1988 when it moved to Division I. Nischwitz Stadium in Dayton, Ohio, has been the home field of the program since 1993. The team has won 12 conference regular season championships, 12 conference tournament championships, and has appeared in the NCAA tournament 10 times.
Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate
Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate, also known as phenyl phosphate, is a monophenyl ester of phosphoric acid, an organophosphorus compound that is an aryl-phosphate formed by the esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol. Its chemical formula is C6H7O4P. In mice and rats it functions as a metabolite.

Phenyl phosphate is the very first detectable compound into which phenol is converted when it is broken down in the absence of oxygen (for example, in the bacteria Thauera aromatica or denitrifying strains of Pseudomonas).

Phenyl group
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5−, and is often represented by the pseudoelement symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen atom, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, the phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring.
Alex Kerr (soccer)
Alexandra Catherine Kerr (born July 23, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a striker for Serie A Femminile club Parma. She played college soccer for the Vanderbilt Commodores and Texas Tech Red Raiders and was drafted by the Orlando Pride in the fourth round of the 2024 NWSL Draft. She also previously played for Italian club Como.

2020 SEC women's soccer tournament
The 2020 SEC women's soccer tournament is the postseason women's soccer tournament for the 2020 Southeastern Conference season. The tournament is being contested over five days between November 13–22 at the Orange Beach Sportsplex in Orange Beach, Alabama. The South Carolina Gamecocks are the defending champions.

Due to the shortened conference season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, this year's conference tournament includes every team, in a format identical to that of the men's and women's basketball tournaments.
American United (fireboat)
American United is a Ranger-class Robert Allan Ltd. designed fireboat built to serve the Massachusetts Port Authority as a replacement to Massport Marine Unit 1, the Howard W. Fitzpatrick.  It was scheduled to be placed in service in June 2011, and was delivered October 11, 2011, due to the complexity of the build.

Massachusetts Port Authority
Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) is the port authority for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It owns and operates three airports, Logan International Airport, Hanscom Field, and Worcester Regional Airport, and public terminals in the Port of Boston.

Massport is a financially self-sustaining public authority whose transportation facilities generate more than $600 million annually; no state tax dollars are used to fund operations or capital improvements at Massport facilities. Its headquarters is located in the Logan Office Center, adjacent to Logan Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts.
Cooke triplet
The Cooke triplet is a photographic lens designed and patented in 1893 by Dennis Taylor who was employed as chief engineer by T. Cooke & Sons of York. It was the first lens system that allowed the elimination of most of the optical distortion or aberration at the outer edge of the image.

The Cooke triplet is noted for being able to correct the five Seidel aberrations. The compound lens design consists of three air-spaced simple lens elements: two biconvex (positive) lenses surrounding a biconcave (negative) lens in the middle. It is one of the most important objective designs in the history of photography.

Horace William Lee
Horace William Lee was an optical designer responsible for developing multiple influential lens designs, including the Opic (1920), an asymmetric large-aperture double Gauss lens, and the inverted telephoto wide-angle lens (1930), while working for the English optics firm Taylor, Taylor & Hobson (TT&H), which manufactured lenses in Leicester under the Cooke brand. Lee's designs helped to develop the modern cinematography industry, with high-speed lenses enabling sound synchronization, and the inverted telephoto providing enough space for a beam-splitter apparatus to capture color.
Allium semenovii
Allium semenovii is an Asian species of wild onion native to Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. It grows at elevations of 2000–3000 m.

Allium semenovii has bulbs up to 15 mm in diameter. Its scapes are up to 50 cm tall. The leaves are flat, up to 15 mm wide. The umbels are spherical and densely crowded with many yellow flowers.

Wild onion
Wild onion can refer to

any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:
Allium bisceptrum
Allium canadense
Allium tricoccum
Allium validum
Allium vineale
Allium ochotense

Asphodelus tenuifolius

Cyperus bulbosus

Bulbine semibarbata
6159 Andréseloy
6159 Andréseloy (prov. designation: 1991 YH) is a Vesta asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.3 kilometers (3.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 December 1991, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at Kushiro Observatory (399) on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. It was named after Mexican astronomer Andrés Eloy Martínez.

Hiroshi Kaneda
Hiroshi Kaneda (金田 宏, Kaneda Hiroshi, born 1953) is a Japanese astronomer and discoverer of minor planets from Sapporo, in the northernmost prefecture of Japan.

Kaneda ranks among the world's most prolific individual discoverers of minor planets. He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the co-discovery of 705 numbered minor planets, between 1987 and 2000, all of them in collaboration with astronomer Seiji Ueda. Along with being an astronomer, Kaneda works as a computer programmer and is a developer of astronomical software.

The main-belt asteroid 4677 Hiroshi, discovered by Atsushi Takahashi and Kazurō Watanabe at Kitami in 1990, is named after him.
Valjean Hills
The Valjean Hills are a low mountain range in the eastern Mojave Desert, in northern San Bernardino County, southern California.

They are located east of the Salt Spring Hills and southeastern Death Valley National Park, and west of Mount Charleston in the Spring Mountains.

Spring Mountains
The Spring Mountains are a mountain range of Southern Nevada in the United States, running generally northwest–southeast along the west side of Las Vegas and south to the border with California.  Most land in the mountains is owned by the United States Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management and managed as the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest and the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area.
C/2011 L4 (PanSTARRS)
C/2011 L4 (PanSTARRS), also known as Comet PANSTARRS, is a non-periodic comet discovered in June 2011 that became visible to the naked eye when it was near perihelion in March 2013. It was discovered using the Pan-STARRS telescope located near the summit of Haleakalā, on the island of Maui in Hawaii.

Pan-STARRS
The Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS1; obs. code: F51 and Pan-STARRS2 obs. code: F52) located at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, US, consists of astronomical cameras, telescopes and a computing facility that is surveying the sky for moving or variable objects on a continual basis, and also producing accurate astrometry and photometry of already-detected objects. In January 2019 the second Pan-STARRS data release was announced. At 1.6 petabytes, it is the largest volume of astronomical data ever released.
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
The Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) (Chinese: 大连化学物理研究所), also called Huawusuo (化物所), is a research centre specialized in physical chemistry, chemical physics, biophysical chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is located in Dalian, Liaoning, China.

Chemical physics
Chemical physics is a branch of physics that studies chemical processes from a physical point of view. It focuses on understanding the physical properties and behavior of chemical systems, using principles from both physics and chemistry. This field investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics.

The United States Department of Education defines chemical physics as "A program that focuses on the scientific study of structural phenomena combining the disciplines of physical chemistry and atomic/molecular physics. Includes instruction in heterogeneous structures, alignment and surface phenomena, quantum theory, mathematical physics, statistical and classical mechanics, chemical kinetics, and laser physics."
John Stephen
John Stephen (28 August 1934 – 1 February 2004), dubbed by the media the £1m Mod and the King Of Carnaby Street, was one of the most important fashion figures of the 1960s.

Stephen was the first individual to identify and sell to the young menswear mass market which emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He was also the pioneer of the high turnover, disposable fashion ethos of such contemporary operators as Topman.

By 1967, Stephen operated a chain of 15 shops on the thoroughfare in central London which he and boyfriend Bill Franks made the epicentre of Swinging London: Carnaby Street.

"Carnaby is my creation," Stephen said in 1967. "I feel about it the same way Michelangelo felt about the beautiful statues he created."

Topman
Topman is a British online-only men's fashion retail brand operated by ASOS. Along with its women's clothing counterpart Topshop and the rest of Arcadia Group, Topman went into administration in late 2020. All high street stores subsequently closed and the brand was purchased by ASOS on 1 February 2021, relaunching as an online-only retailer.
Fort Worth Convention Center
The Fort Worth Convention Center (formerly known as the  Tarrant County Convention Center) is a convention center and indoor arena located in downtown Fort Worth, Texas. The complex opened on September 30, 1968, and was expanded in 1983, 2002 and 2003.

Fort Worth Flyers
The Fort Worth Flyers were a  minor league basketball team in the NBA Development League (D-League) based in Fort Worth, Texas. They began play in the 2005–06 season and were shut down for the 2007–08 season.
Contact Peak
Contact Peak (67°46′S 67°29′W﻿ / ﻿67.767°S 67.483°W﻿ / -67.767; -67.483) is a prominent rock peak, 1,005 metres (3,300 ft) high, which is the southeasternmost peak on Pourquoi Pas Island, off the west coast of Graham Land. It was first sighted and roughly charted in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. It was surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition and in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). It was so named by FIDS because the peak marks the granite-volcanic contact in the cliffs which is visible at a considerable distance.

Pourquoi Pas Island
Pourquoi Pas Island is a mountainous island, 27 km (17 mi) long and from 8 to 18 km (5 to 11 mi) wide, lying between Bigourdan Fjord and Bourgeois Fjord off the west coast of Graham Land in West Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, 1908–1910. The island was charted more accurately by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, 1934–1937, who named it for Charcot's expedition ship, the Pourquoi-Pas.
Two Serenades
The Two Serenades, Op. 69, are concertante compositions for violin and orchestra, written from 1912 to 1913 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. They are the:

Serenade No. 1 in D major, Op. 69a. Andante assai

Serenade No. 2 in G minor, Op. 69b. Lento assai

The Two Serenades premiered on 8 December 1915 during the composer's semicentennial celebration. Sibelius conducted the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra; the soloist was Polish-American violinist Richard Burgin. Also on the program was the initial version of the Symphony No. 5 in E-flat major (Op. 82), as well as the tone poem The Oceanides (Op. 78).

G minor
G minor is a minor scale based on G, consisting of the pitches G, A, B♭, C, D, E♭, and F. Its key signature has two flats. Its relative major is B-flat major and its parallel major is G major.

The G natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
2007 U.S. Women's Open
The 2007 U.S. Women's Open was the 62nd U.S. Women's Open, held June 28 to July 1 at the Pine Needles Lodge and Golf Club in Southern Pines, North Carolina. Cristie Kerr won the first of her two major titles, two strokes ahead of runners-up Lorena Ochoa and Angela Park. The event was televised by ESPN and NBC Sports.

Due to weather delays, the third round began on Saturday afternoon and was completed on Sunday morning. Kerr shot 66 (−5) to gain the 54-hole lead at 209 (−4), one stroke ahead of top-ranked Ochoa, Morgan Pressel, and Jiyai Shin.

Pine Needles previously hosted the championship in 1996 and 2001; it joined Atlantic City Country Club (1948, 1965, 1975) as the only courses to host three U.S. Women's Opens.

1948 U.S. Women's Open
The 1948 U.S. Women's Open was the third U.S. Women's Open, held August 12–15 at Atlantic City Country Club in Northfield, New Jersey.

Babe Zaharias won the first of her three U.S. Women's Open titles, eight strokes ahead of runner-up Betty Hicks. It was the fifth of ten major championships for Zaharias.

The U.S. Women's Open returned to the course in 1965 and 1975.
National Train Day
National Train Day is a holiday started by Amtrak in 2008 as a method to spread information to the general public about the advantages of railway travel and the history of trains in the United States. It was held each year on the Saturday closest to May 10, the anniversary of the pounding of the Golden spike in Promontory, Utah, which marked the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the U.S. Events were held at major Amtrak stations as well as railroad museums across the country and often have passenger cars and model railroad layouts on display. The largest events took place in Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Chicago and Los Angeles. National Train Day was cancelled after 2015 due to budget cuts within Amtrak, although many rail organizations and railfans continue to observe the holiday.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
House of Dun
The House of Dun is a National Trust for Scotland property in the parish of Dun, lying close to the edge of Montrose Basin and situated approximately halfway between the towns of Montrose and Brechin, in Angus, Scotland.

Lady Augusta Gordon
Lady Augusta Gordon (née FitzClarence; 17 November 1803 – 8 December 1865) was a British noblewoman. Born the fourth illegitimate daughter of William IV of the United Kingdom (then Duke of Clarence and St Andrews) and Dorothea Jordan, she grew up at their Bushy House residence in Teddington. Augusta had four sisters and five brothers all surnamed FitzClarence. Soon after their father became monarch, the FitzClarence children were raised to the ranks of younger children of a marquess.

In 1827, Augusta married the Hon. John Kennedy-Erskine, son of the 13th Earl of Cassilis. They had three children before he died in 1831. Five years later, she married Lord Frederick Gordon, the third son of the 9th Marquess of Huntly. After the death of her sister Sophia in 1837, Augusta was appointed State Housekeeper of Kensington Palace by her father. She was the mother of the novelist Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster.
The President's Pleasure (Singapore)
The President's Pleasure (TPP) in Singapore was a practice of indefinite imprisonment formerly applied to offenders who were convicted of capital offences (most notably murder and drug trafficking) but were below the age of 18 at the time of their crimes. Such offenders were not sentenced to death in accordance with the death penalty laws in Singapore; they were instead indefinitely detained by order of the President of Singapore. This is similarly practised contemporarily for offenders who were of unsound mind when they committed their crimes, who are thus indefinitely detained at prisons or medical facilities (notably the Institute of Mental Health) in Singapore.

Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level
The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (or Singapore-Cambridge GCE O-Level) is a school qualification jointly conducted by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) and the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), with exams taking place in Singapore annually. Students are graded in the bands ranging from A to F and each band has a respective grade point, a lower grade point indicates poor performance (e.g. A1 band equates to 1 grade point). The number at the end of each grade corresponds to the grade point that they receive (i.e. A1 = 1, A2 = 2, B3 = 3, B4 = 4, C5 = 5, C6 = 6, D7 = 7 E8 = 8, F9 = 9). To pass an individual O-Level subject, a student must score at least C6 (6 grade points) or above. The highest grade a student can attain is A1 (1 grade point).