hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alpha Mountain
Alpha Mountain is a 2,302-metre (7,552-foot) summit located in the Tantalus Range, in Tantalus Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) northwest of Squamish, and 4.6 km (2.9 mi) southeast of Mount Tantalus, which is the highest peak in the Tantalus Range. Its nearest higher peak is Serratus Mountain, 1.9 km (1.2 mi) to the west. The Serratus Glacier lies to the west of Alpha, unnamed glaciers lie on the northern and eastern slopes, and Lake Lovely Water lies below the south slope. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Squamish River.

Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.
Hovin, Tinn
Hovin is a village in Tinn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located just up the hill from the eastern shore of the large lake Tinnsjå. It is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of the village of Tinn Austbygd and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of the town of Notodden.

From 1886 until 1964, the village was the administrative centre of the old Hovin Municipality. In 1964, the municipality was dissolved and this area became part of Tinn Municipality. Hovin Church is located in this village.

Hovin Church (Telemark)
Hovin Church (Norwegian: Hovin kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tinn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hovin. It is one of the churches for the Tinn parish which is part of the Øvre Telemark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1850 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 250 people.
Metalogic
Metalogic is the metatheory of logic. Whereas logic studies how logical systems can be used to construct valid and sound arguments, metalogic studies the properties of logical systems. Logic concerns the truths that may be derived using a logical system; metalogic concerns the truths that may be derived about the languages and systems that are used to express truths.

The basic objects of metalogical study are formal languages, formal systems, and their interpretations. The study of interpretation of formal systems is the branch of mathematical logic  that is known as model theory, and the study of deductive systems is the branch that is known as proof theory.

Metatheory
A metatheory or meta-theory is a theory whose subject matter is another theory. Analyses or descriptions of an existing theory would be considered meta-theories. For mathematics and mathematical logic, a metatheory is a mathematical theory about another mathematical theory. Meta-theoretical investigations are part of the philosophy of science. The topic of metascience is an attempt to use scientific knowledge to improve the practice of science itself.

The study of metatheory became widespread during the 20th century after its application to various topics, including scientific linguistics and its concept of metalanguage.
Thiazyl fluoride
Thiazyl fluoride is a compound with the chemical formula NSF. It is a colourless, pungent gas at room temperature and condenses to a pale yellow liquid at 0.4 °C. Along with thiazyl trifluoride, NSF3, it is a precursor to sulfur-nitrogen-fluorine compounds.

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
Opposition (Montenegro)
In Montenegro, the Opposition (Montenegrin: Opozicija / Oпoзициja) is all of the political parties represented in Parliament that are not a part of the Government supported by the parliamentary majority.

The Leader of the Opposition (Montenegrin: Lider opozicije / Лидер опозиције) leads the largest party not within the government.

Democratic Montenegro
Democratic Montenegro (Serbian and Montenegrin: Demokratska Crna Gora / Демократска Црна Гора), also known as the Democrats (Demokrate / Демократе), is a conservative liberal, centrist, populist and pro-European political party in Montenegro. Democrats currently has nine MPs in the Parliament of Montenegro, elected in 2020, from the big tent Peace is Our Nation (MNN) electoral list. Its founder and current leader is Aleksa Bečić, former President of the Parliament.
Davide Bramati
Davide Bramati (born 28 June 1968, in Vaprio d'Adda) is a former Italian professional road bicycle racer who last rode at the UCI ProTeam level with the Quick-Step–Innergetic team, which he joined in 2003 debuting for them at the Tour Down Under in Australia.

He retired as a professional cyclist in 2006, when he began his new career of team manager. He currently holds this position with the Soudal–Quick-Step team of Patrick Lefevere.

Patrick Lefevere
Patrick Lefevere (born 6 January 1955) is a Belgian retired professional cyclist, who formerly served as the general manager of UCI WorldTeam Soudal–Quick-Step. The outspoken Lefevre was the driving force behind one of the most successful cycling teams in the world for more than 20 years.

Under Lefevere's leadership, the team celebrated almost a thousand victories, including 22 Monuments, 124 stages in the Grand Tours Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España and 19 world titles.

According to the ranking site Cycling Ranking he is the most successful cycling manager in history.
Nahan
Nahan is a town located in the Sirmaur district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Sirmaur district. It was formerly the capital of the princely state of Sirmur, during the British Raj in Colonial India. Nahan is also known as the "Town of Ponds".

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
NGC 7572
NGC 7572 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus. It is at a distance of about 580 million light-years away from Earth. It was discovered on November 3, 1864, by the astronomer Albert Marth.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Thomas Dörflein
Thomas Dörflein (13 October 1963 – 22 September 2008) was a German zookeeper at the Berlin Zoological Garden for 26 years.  After the baby polar bear Knut was abandoned by his mother shortly after his birth in 2006, Dörflein—who cared for both the zoo's wolves and the bears—was assigned as the cub's caretaker.  As a result of the zoo's decision to raise Knut by hand, and the resultant close relationship between keeper and animal, Dörflein became a reluctant celebrity.

Zookeeper
A zookeeper, sometimes referred as animal keeper, is a person who manages zoo animals that are kept in captivity for conservation or to be displayed to the public. They are usually responsible for the feeding and daily care of the animals. As part of their routine, the zookeepers may clean the exhibits and report health problems. They may also be involved in scientific research or public education, such as conducting tours and answering questions.
Nakayama Tunnel (Niigata Prefecture)
Nakayama Tunnel (Japanese: 中山隧道, Hepburn: Nakayama zuidō) is unused tunnel on National Route 291 in Niigata, Japan. It is located at between Naganuma and Uonuma. Its length is 922 m and this is longest hand‐cut tunnel in Japan.

It made in between 1933 and 1949 by residents in Komatsukura settlement (小松倉地区, Komatsukura chiku), old Yamakoshi Village. In 1998, new tunnel for vehicles was opened and old tunnel have been preserved as historic site. It is known that construction of new tunnel was involved with Kakuei Tanaka.

There is a documentary film named "Horumaika Tebori Nakayama-Zuido no Kiroku (掘るまいか 手掘り中山隧道の記録)" directed by Shinichi Hashimoto. It is designated on Civil Engineering Heritage Sites Selection by Japan Society of Civil Engineers in 2006.

Yamakoshi, Niigata
Yamakoshi (山古志村, Yamakoshi-mura) was a village located in Koshi District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,035 and a density of 51.09 persons per km2. The total area was 39.83 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Yamakoshi, along with the town of Oguni (from Kariwa District), the town of Nakanoshima (from Minamikanbara District), and the towns of Koshiji and Mishima (both from Santō District), was merged into the expanded city of Nagaoka.

On October 23, 2004, Yamakoshi was hit by the 2004 Chūetsu earthquake.
Ugo Panziera
Blessed Ugo Panziera, or Panciera, also known as Ugo da Prato (circa 1260 – circa 1330), was an Italian theologian, Franciscan friar, missionary, and writer.

He wrote epistles, laude of Jacoponic inspiration, and thirteen spiritual treatises of Bonaventurian inspiration.

Bonaventure
Bonaventure OFM (/ˈbɒnəvɛntʃər, ˌbɒnəˈvɛntʃər/ BON-ə-ven-chər, -⁠VEN-; Italian: Bonaventura da Bagnoregio [ˌbɔnavenˈtuːra da (b)baɲɲoˈrɛːdʒo]; Latin: Bonaventura de Balneoregio; born Giovanni di Fidanza; 1221 – 15 July 1274) was an Italian Catholic Franciscan bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he also served for a time as Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. In 1588 Pope Sixtus V declared him a Doctor of the Church named as the "Seraphic Doctor" (Latin: Doctor Seraphicus). His feast day is 15 July.

Many writings from the Middle Ages once attributed to him have been subsequently re-classified under the name "Pseudo-Bonaventure".
Tao Zhiyue
Tao Zhiyue (Chinese: 陶峙岳; pinyin: Táo Zhìyuè; Wade–Giles: T'ao Chih-yüeh; 1892 – 26 December 1988) was a Chinese military officer and politician, lieutenant general of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, and a full general of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China.

Born to a wealthy land-owning family, he graduated from the Baoding Military Academy, rose to high military positions in the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek and was closely associated with Zhang Zhizhong. In 1949, he defected to the Chinese Communist Party, playing a key role in the incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China and then went on to hold high office under Mao Zedong, most notably serving as the first commander of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 1954 to 1968.

Northwestern China
Northwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Hirasea sinuosa
Hirasea sinuosa is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae.

This is an endangered species.
The width of the shell is 6 mm. The height of the shell is 3 mm.

Endodontidae
Endodontidae is a taxonomic family of very small air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Punctoidea.

This family, which includes both snails and slugs, appears to have once been much more diverse, but has declined, and is now endangered due to human activity.
Gavriil Baranovsky
Gavriil Vasilyevich Baranovsky, also Baranovskii (Russian: Гавриил Васильевич Барановский; 6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1860 (1860-04-06) – 28 June 1920 (1920-06-29)) was a Russian architect, civil engineer, art historian and publisher, who worked primarily in Saint Petersburg for the Elisseeff family, but also practiced in Moscow and produced the first town plan for Murmansk (then Romanov-na-Murmane).

Baltic Shipyard
The OJSC Baltic Shipyard (Baltiysky Zavod, formerly Shipyard 189 named after Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze) (Russian: Балтийский завод имени С. Орджоникидзе) is one of the oldest shipyards in Russia and is part of United Shipbuilding Corporation today.

It is located in Saint Petersburg in the south-western part of Vasilievsky Island. It is one of the three shipyards active in Saint Petersburg. Together with the Admiralty Shipyard it has been responsible for building many Imperial Russian battleships as well as Soviet nuclear-powered icebreakers. Currently it specializes in merchant ships while the Admiralty yard specializes in diesel-electric submarines. In addition, it is responsible for construction of Russian floating nuclear power stations.
Ramón Díaz
Ramón Ángel Díaz (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as]; born 29 August 1959) is an Argentine football manager and former player. He was recently the head coach of Brazilian club Internacional.

Díaz notably played for River Plate as a striker, and coached the club on three occasions, winning eight titles. He is also known by the nickname of El Pelado ("Baldy").

2001–02 Argentine Primera División
The 2001–02 Argentine Primera División was the 111th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from August 17, 2001 to May 19, 2002.

Racing Club de Avellaneda won the Apertura (its 16th league title, after 35 years with no domestic championships) and River Plate the Clausura (32nd title) championships, while Belgrano (C) and Argentinos Juniors were relegated to the second division.

In continental cups, Copa Sudamericana replaced Copa Mercosur, last held in 2001.
Indefinite sum
In the calculus of finite differences, the indefinite sum operator (also known as the antidifference operator), denoted by  or , is the linear operator that is the inverse of the forward difference operator . It relates to the forward difference operator as the indefinite integral relates to the derivative. Thus,

If , then

The solution is not unique; it is determined only up to an additive periodic function with period 1. Therefore, each indefinite sum represents a family of functions.

The Nørlund principal solution represents the analytic solution without any such non-constant periodic terms. Two conventions exist, one for the forward difference, , and one for the backward difference, . The inverse forward difference, denoted , naturally extends the summation up to . The inverse backward difference, denoted , naturally extends the summation up to .

Even and odd functions
In mathematics,  an even function is a real function such that  for every  in its domain. Similarly, an odd function is a function such that  for every  in its domain.

They are named for the parity of the powers of the power functions which satisfy each condition: the function  is even if n is an even integer, and it is odd if n is an odd  integer.

Even functions are those real functions whose graph is self-symmetric with respect to the y-axis, and odd functions are those whose graph is self-symmetric with respect to the origin.

If the domain of a real function is self-symmetric with respect to the origin, then the function can be uniquely decomposed as the sum of an even function and an odd function.
Marion Christopher Barry
Marion Christopher Barry (June 17, 1980 – August 14, 2016) was an American construction company owner and the son of Marion Barry, who was a two-time mayor of the District of Columbia long-term District councilmember. After the death of his father, he was an unsuccessful candidate for his father's Ward 8 council seat in 2015.

Jim Graham
James McMillan Nielson Graham (August 26, 1945 – June 11, 2017) was a Scottish-born American politician and a member of the Council of the District of Columbia. As a Democrat he represented Ward 1 in Washington, D.C. from 1999 until 2015.
2015 Speedway World Cup Event 1
Event One of the 2015 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup was the opening race of the 2015 edition of the Speedway World Cup. It was run on June 6 at Stadion Miejski in Gniezno, Poland and was won by Sweden from hosts Poland, Russia, and the Czech Republic. As a result, Sweden progressed directly to the 2015 Speedway World Cup Final, while Poland and Russia progressed to the 2015 Speedway World Cup Race-off. The Czech Republic were eliminated.

Sweden were led to victory by Linus Sundström and Antonio Lindbäck, both of whom scored double figures. They were supported by Peter Ljung and Andreas Jonsson, who scored nine and eight points respectively. The meeting was somewhat overshadowed by an injury to Polish captain Jarosław Hampel, who broke his leg in two places after colliding with Russia's Vitaly Belousov in just the fourth heat of the meeting. As a result, Poland were forced to ride the rest of the meeting with just three riders.

Poland national speedway team
The Poland national speedway team is the national motorcycle speedway team of Poland and is controlled by the Polish Motor Union (PZM). They are one of the most successful speedway nations of all time.
H-object
In mathematics, specifically homotopical algebra, an H-object is a categorical generalization of an H-space, which can be defined in any category  with a product  and an initial object . These are useful constructions because they help export some of the ideas from algebraic topology and homotopy theory into other domains, such as in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.

Homotopical algebra
In mathematics, homotopical algebra is a collection of concepts comprising the nonabelian aspects of homological algebra, and possibly the abelian aspects as special cases.  The homotopical nomenclature stems from the fact that a  common approach to such generalizations is via abstract homotopy theory, as in nonabelian algebraic topology, and in particular the theory of closed model categories.

This subject has received much attention in recent years due to new foundational work of Vladimir Voevodsky, Eric Friedlander, Andrei Suslin, and others resulting in the A1 homotopy theory for quasiprojective varieties over a field.  Voevodsky has used this new algebraic homotopy theory to prove the Milnor conjecture (for which he was awarded the Fields Medal) and later, in collaboration with Markus Rost, the full Bloch–Kato conjecture.
Giant Eagle
Giant Eagle, Inc. is an American supermarket chain with stores in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana,  and Maryland. The company was founded in 1918 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and incorporated on August 31, 1931. Supermarket News ranked Giant Eagle 21st on the "Top 75 North American Food Retailers" based on sales of $11 billion. In 2021, it was the 36th-largest privately held company, as determined by Forbes. Based on 2005 revenue, Giant Eagle is the 49th-largest retailer in the United States. As of summer 2014, the company had approximately $9.9 billion in annual sales. As of summer 2025, Giant Eagle, Inc. had 8 stores across the portfolio: 211 supermarkets (Giant Eagle, Giant Eagle Express, Market District, Market District Express) and 8 standalone pharmacies, having sold off its 274 fuel station/convenience stores under the GetGo banner to Alimentation Couche-Tard. The company is headquartered in an office park in Cranberry Township, PA in Butler County.

County Market
County Market is a supermarket chain operating in the Midwestern United States. Presently, more than 100 independently owned County Market stores operate across Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Kentucky. County Market is part of the United Natural Foods company since the latter's acquisition of SuperValu in 2018.

Many stores are located in smaller cities and typically feature an in-store bakery and deli.
International 3000 and 3900
The International 3000 and 3900 are transit-style (Type D) bus chassis manufactured by Navistar International, used for school bus and commercial bus applications. Produced from 1990 to 2024, the 3000 and 3900 have been produced in rear and front engine configurations respectively.

Navistar DT engine
The Navistar DT (Diesel Turbocharged or Diesel Turbo) engine family is a line of mid-range inline-6 turbo-diesel engines. With 
horsepower ratings ranging from 170 hp (130 kW) to 350 hp (260 kW), the Navistar DT engines are used primarily in medium-duty truck and bus applications such as school buses, although some versions have been developed for heavy-duty regional-haul and severe-service applications.
Prior to 1986, Navistar International, then known as International Harvester Company, used the DT engine in farm and construction equipment. The DT466 was developed in the late 1960s and the production ran for more than four decades.

From 1997 to 2004, the DT was also rebadged and sold by Detroit Diesel as the Series 40.
Melampus
In Greek mythology, Melampus (/mɪˈlæmpəs/; Ancient Greek: Μελάμπους, Melampous) was a legendary soothsayer and healer, originally of Pylos, who ruled at Argos.  He was the introducer of the worship of Dionysus, according to Herodotus, who asserted that his powers as a seer were derived from the Egyptians and that he could understand the language of animals.  A number of pseudepigraphal works of divination were circulated in Classical and Hellenistic times under the name Melampus.  According to Herodotus and Pausanias (vi.17.6), on the authority of Hesiod, his father was Amythaon, whose name implies the "ineffable" or "unspeakably great"; thus Melampus and his heirs were Amythaides of the "House of Amythaon". Maurice de Guérin made him one of the characters of the first Western prose poem, "The Centaur", in 1835.

Oracle
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. If done through occultic means, it is a form of divination.
2025 A-League Men finals series
The 2025 A-League Men finals series was the 20th annual edition of A-League finals series, the playoffs tournament staged to determine the champions of the 2024–25 A-League Men season. The series was played over four weeks culminating in the 2025 A-League Men Grand Final.

2024–25 A-League Men
The 2024–25 A-League Men, known as the Isuzu UTE A-League for sponsorship reasons, was the 48th season of national level men's soccer in Australia, and the 20th since the establishment of the competition as the A-League in 2004. 
Central Coast Mariners were the defending premiers and champions.

The 2024–25 A-League Men season saw the league's average attendance increase for the third consecutive season, the first time this has occurred since 2013–14.