hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norwegian Lithographic and Chemographic Union
The Norwegian Lithographic and Chemographic Union (Norwegian: Norsk Litograf- og Kjemigrafforbund was a trade union representing printers in Norway.

The union was founded in 1901, as the Norwegian Lithographic Union.  It affiliated to the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions.  In 1911, it absorbed the Chemographic Union, creating a separate section for chemographers in 1919, and adding "Chemographic" to its name in 1937.

The union had only 480 members in 1924, and grew slowly; by 1963, it had 1,837 members.  In 1967, it merged with the Norwegian Union of Bookbinders and Cardboard Workers and the Norwegian Union of Typographers, to form the Norwegian Graphical Union.

Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions
The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Norwegian: Landsorganisasjonen i Norge, LO) is a national trade union center, the largest and probably the most influential umbrella organization of labour unions in Norway. The 21 national unions affiliated to the LO have almost 1,000,000 members of a Norwegian population of 5 million. The majority of affiliated unions organizes traditional blue collar workers, but the largest affiliate is the Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees which makes up more than a third of all members. LO is affiliated to the ITUC and the ETUC.

It was named the Workers' National Trade Union (Norwegian: Arbeidernes Faglige Landsorganisasjon, AFL) from 1899 to 1957. Affiliated with the Labour Party throughout its history, several of LO's member unions have concurrently been member bodies in the Labour Party.

The organization owns the Norwegian Labour Movement Archives and Library.
Debelyanov Point
Debelyanov Point (Bulgarian: Дебелянов нос, ‘Debelyanov Nos’ \de-be-'lya-nov 'nos\) is a point forming the northwest side of the entrance to Mitchell Cove in Robert Island, South Shetland Islands.  Situated 2.8 km northwest of Negra Point and 3.81 km southeast of Fort William Point.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2008.  Named after the Bulgarian poet Dimcho Debelyanov (1887–1916).

62°23′36.3″S 59°40′08″W﻿ / ﻿62.393417°S 59.66889°W﻿ / -62.393417; -59.66889

Fort William (Robert Island)
Fort William Point is the conspicuous flat-topped rocky headland forming the northwest extremity of Coppermine Peninsula and Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The point is a northwest entrance point of English Strait and forms the west side of the entrance to Carlota Cove.

The feature was named by the early 19th century sealers who used it as a landmark for entering English Strait from the north.
United States Preventive Services Task Force
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services." The task force, a volunteer panel of primary care clinicians (including those from internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, nursing, and psychology) with methodology experience including epidemiology, biostatistics, health services research, decision sciences, and health economics, is funded, staffed, and appointed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ; pronounced "ark" by initiates and often "A-H-R-Q" by the public) is one of twelve agencies within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The agency is headquartered in North Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. (with a Rockville mailing address). It was established as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) in 1989 as a constituent unit of the Public Health Service (PHS)  to enhance the quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of health care services and access to care by conducting and supporting research, demonstration projects, and evaluations; developing guidelines; and disseminating information on health care services and delivery systems.

As part of the announced 2025 HHS reorganization, AHRQ is planned to be integrated into the new HHS Office of Strategy.
Maxillofacial prosthetist and technologist
Maxillofacial prosthetist and technologist is the term used in the United Kingdom for a specialist who delivers facial, ocular and other prostheses which restore form and function to the body.

In the United States, this specialty is known as anaplastology.

In the UK, the main governing body for the practice of maxillofacial prosthetics is the Institute of Maxillofacial Prosthetics and Technologists.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a surgical speciality focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery and rhinoplasty.
Harry Herbert Crosby
Lieutenant Colonel Harry Herbert Crosby (April 18, 1919 – July 28, 2010) was an American professor, author and B-17 Flying Fortress navigator. As an officer of the United States Army Air Forces in World War II, he flew 32 combat missions and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (with two oak leaf clusters), the Air Medal (with three oak leaf clusters), the Bronze Star, and the Croix de Guerre.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
Hanafy Bastan
Hanafy Bastan (Arabic: حنفي بسطان; 6 January 1922 – 13 November 1995) was an Egyptian footballer who played as a defender for Zamalek and the Egypt national team. He represented his country in the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. Bastan played for Egypt in the 1953 Arab Games, where Egypt won the gold medal. He was also a part of the team that won the gold medal in the 1955 Mediterranean Games. He was the captain of the team that won the 1957 African Cup of Nations, he is the first Egyptian player to lift the African trophy.

He started his football career in 1938, became a regular player in Zamalek's starting lineup in 1942, he won with the team 17 titles. Bastan was Zamalek and Egypt's captain for several years, he was nicknamed the "Black Rock". After retiring from football, he coached Egypt with Mohamed El-Guindi in the 1962 African Cup of Nations, and Egypt won the silver medal.

1944 Egypt Cup final
1944 Egypt Cup final, was the final match of 1943–44 Egypt Cup, when Zamalek (Farouk) defeated Al-Ahly by a score of 6–0, the largest winning margin in the derby and Egypt cup finals, Zamalek claimed the cup for the 7th time.
Bainella
Bainella is an extinct genus of Devonian trilobites from off the coast of Gondwana. Fossils were found in the Ponta Grossa Formation of Brazil, Belén, Icla and Gamoneda Formations of Bolivia and the Gydo, Gamka and Voorstehoek Formations of South Africa. It contains three species: B. africana, B. baini, and B. cristagalli.

Gamoneda Formation
The Gamoneda Formation is an Emsian geologic formation of southern Bolivia. The approximately 340 metres (1,120 ft) thick formation comprises marine micaceous grey siltstones and burrowed grey sandstones and shales.
2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament (semifinals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semifinals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2017. The Stanford Cardinal were tournament champions, winning the final 3–2 over the UCLA Bruins.

NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship, sometimes known as the Women's College Cup, is an American college soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I women's national champion.
Burud
Burud is a village in Øvre Eiker municipality in Buskerud, Norway.
Burud is located on the western bank of Drammenselva, 75 kilometers from Oslo.   It had a train station (Burud stasjon) which dated to 1875 on the Randsfjordbanen between Hokksund and Skotselv. This building was demolished in 1988. The station was downgraded to stop downloading tracks  with passenger traffic closed down in 2001.

Hokksund
Hokksund is a town in the county of Buskerud in Eastern Norway. It is the largest population center and administrative center of the municipality of Øvre Eiker.

The town is located upstream of the Drammenselva river, about 18 km (11 mi) west of the city of Drammen and 49 km (30 mi) from the Norwegian capital of Oslo. The Vestfosselva river splits into two near Hokksund before meeting with Drammenselva near the center of the town. The Hellefoss hydro-electric station is located north of the town.
GWR 4900 Class 4930 Hagley Hall
4930 Hagley Hall is a Hall class 4-6-0 steam locomotive, built in May 1929 at Swindon Works to a design by Charles Collett. It is one of eleven of this class that made it into preservation. The locomotive is named after Hagley Hall in Worcestershire.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Serbsky Center
The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (Russian: Госуда́рственный нау́чный центр социа́льной и суде́бной психиатри́и им. В. П. Се́рбского) is a psychiatric hospital and Russia's main center of forensic psychiatry. In the past, the institution was called the Serbsky Institute (Всесою́зный нау́чно-иссле́довательский институ́т о́бщей и суде́бной психиатри́и и́мени В. П. Се́рбского). From the late 1960s to the early 1980s, the center was used to control and punish Soviet dissidents.

Forensic psychiatry
Forensic psychiatry is a subspecialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, it is defined as "a subspecialty of psychiatry in which scientific and clinical expertise is applied in legal contexts involving civil, criminal, correctional, regulatory, or legislative matters, and in specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employment". A forensic psychiatrist provides services—such as assessing competency to stand trial—to a court to help with the legal process and provides treatment, including medications and psychotherapy, to offenders.
Nuclear power in North Korea
North Korea (DPRK) has been active in developing nuclear technology since the 1950s.

Although the country currently has no operational power-generating nuclear reactor, efforts at developing its nuclear power sector continue. Moreover, North Korea has developed nuclear weapons. It conducted what are widely accepted to have been nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017.

Light-water reactor
The light-water reactor (LWR) is a type of thermal-neutron reactor that uses normal water, as opposed to heavy water, as both its coolant and neutron moderator; furthermore a solid form of fissile elements is used as fuel. Thermal-neutron reactors are the most common type of nuclear reactor, and light-water reactors are the most common type of thermal-neutron reactor.

There are three varieties of light-water reactors: the pressurized water reactor (PWR), the boiling water reactor (BWR), and (most designs of) the supercritical water reactor (SCWR).
Tokugawa Satonari
Tokugawa Satonari (徳川 達成; May 3, 1899 – March 28, 1961) was a Japanese naval officer. He was the 10th head of the Tayasu branch of the Tokugawa clan. Born in Tokyo, Satonari was the eldest son of Count Tokugawa Satotaka. He went on to graduate from Tokyo Imperial University's engineering college.

He held the rank of captain in the Imperial Japanese Navy prior to World War II, and subsequently worked for K. Hattori.

Tokugawa clan
The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏, Tokugawa-shi, Tokugawa-uji; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, -kɯ.ɡa.waꜜ.ɕi, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a Japanese samurai clan and dynasty which produced the Tokugawa shoguns who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868 during the Edo period. It was formerly a powerful daimyō family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of the clan remains a mystery. Nominally, the Matsudaira clan is said to be descended from the Nitta clan, a branch of the Minamoto clan, but this is considered to be untrue or unlikely.
Agecroft Colliery
Agecroft Colliery was a coal mine on the Manchester Coalfield that opened in 1844 in the Agecroft district of Pendlebury,  Lancashire, England. It exploited the coal seams of the Middle Coal Measures of the Lancashire Coalfield. The colliery had two spells of use; the first between 1844 and 1932, when the most accessible coal seams were exploited, and a second lease of life after extensive development in the late 1950s to access the deepest seams.

Glossary of coal mining terminology
This is a partial glossary of coal mining terminology commonly used in the coalfields of the United Kingdom.  Some words were in use throughout the coalfields, some are historic and some are local to the different British coalfields.
Revolutionary Socialist League (Germany)
The Revolutionary Socialist League (German: Revolutionär Sozialistischer Bund, RSB) was a small Trotskyist group in Germany. It was formed in 1994 as a split from the Association for Solidarity Perspectives (VsP). The RSB generally considered itself to be more radical than the VsP, and unlike the VsP it is very critical of the Left Party. Along with the International Socialist Left, the RSB was one of the two factions which form the German section of the Fourth International.

It published the monthly magazine Avanti.

In December 2016, the RSB and the ISL announced that they had merged to form the new International Socialist Organisation.

Fourth International (post-reunification)
The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyist international.

Following a ten-year schism, in 1963 the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI) and the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) reunited.

In 2003, the United Secretariat was replaced by an Executive Bureau and an International Committee, although some other Trotskyists still refer to the organisation as the USFI or USec.
Ame-no-ohabari
Ame-no-Ohabari (Japanese: 天之尾羽張, Old Japanese Ame-nö-Opobari) is a legendary Japanese sword. that roughly translates to "Heaven-Point-Blade-Extended".  It is primarily found in the mythology of Izumo Province. It is a Totsuka-no-Tsurugi "Sword of Length of Ten Fists", which seems to be distinguished by its length and being a tsurugi (straight, double-bladed sword).

Japanese sword
A Japanese sword (Japanese: 日本刀, Hepburn: nihontō) is one of several types of traditionally made swords from Japan. Bronze swords were made as early as the Yayoi period (1,000 BC – 300 AD), though most people generally refer to the curved blades made from the Heian period (794–1185) to the present day when speaking of "Japanese swords". There are many types of Japanese swords that differ by size, shape, field of application, and method of manufacture. Some of the more commonly known types of Japanese swords are the katana, tachi, ōdachi, wakizashi, and tantō.
Palauan nationality law
Palauan nationality law is regulated by the 1980 Constitution of Palau, as amended; the 1994 Palau Citizenship Act, and its revisions; and international agreements entered into by the Palauan government. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Palau. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Palauan nationality is typically obtained either on the principle of jus soli, i.e. by birth in Palau or under the rules of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth abroad to parents with Palauan nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country through naturalization.

Constitution of Palau
The Constitution of Palau, Constitution of the Republic of Palau (Palauan: Uchetemel a llach er a beluu er a Belau) was adopted by the Palau Constitutional Convention from January 28 to April 2, 1979, ratified at the Third Constitution Referendum on July 9, 1980, and entered into force January 1, 1981.

There were disagreements between the United States and Palau about the constitution's provisions outlawing nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear waste, and a foreign power's exercise of eminent domain in Palau.

The Second Constitutional Convention certifies the proposed amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Palau that were duly adopted by majority vote of the Delegates on July 15, 2005.
Alan Bond (engineer)
Alan Bond (born 1944) is a British mechanical and aerospace engineer, who served as Managing Director of Reaction Engines Ltd and associated with Project Daedalus, Blue Streak missile, HOTOL, Reaction Engines Skylon and the Reaction Engines A2 hypersonic passenger aircraft.

British Interplanetary Society
The British Interplanetary Society (BIS), founded in Liverpool in 1933 by Philip E. Cleator, is the oldest existing space advocacy organisation in the world. Its aim is exclusively to support and promote astronautics and space exploration.
Mount Misch
Mount Misch is a remote 7,435 ft mountain summit in the North Cascades, in Skagit County of Washington state. It is the highest point of the Buckindy Range, or Buckindy Ridge. It is located 19 miles east-northeast of Darrington, Washington, and 15 miles north-northwest of Glacier Peak which is one of the Cascade stratovolcanoes. It is situated in the Glacier Peak Wilderness on land administered by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Mount Misch was named by mountaineer and author Fred Beckey for his friend Peter Misch (1909-1987), University of Washington geology professor and mountaineer, who was renowned for his study of the North Cascades. Precipitation runoff from Mount Misch and the unnamed Goat Creek glacier on its east slope drains into tributaries of the Suiattle River and ultimately the Skagit River.

Skagit River
The Skagit River (/ˈskædʒɪt/ SKAJ-it) is a river in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and northwestern Washington in the United States, approximately 150 mi (240 km) long. The river and its tributaries drain an area of 1.7 million acres (690,000 hectares) of the Cascade Range along the northern end of Puget Sound and flows into the sound.

The Skagit watershed is characterized by a temperate, mid-latitude, maritime climate. Temperatures range widely throughout the watershed. Recorded temperatures at Newhalem range from a low of −6 °F (−21 °C) to a high of 109 °F (43 °C), with greater extremes likely in the mountains. The highest temperatures are commonly recorded in July; the lowest are in January.
Samir Kumar Singh
Samir Kumar Singh or Sameer Kumar Singh is an Indian politician, currently a member of Indian National Congress and Member of Legislative Council in Bihar Legislative Council.

He is the executive Chairman of Bihar INC. His grandfather, Banarasi Prasad Singh has been three time Member of Parliament from Munger. His father, Rajendra Prasad Singh was a Cabinet minister in Bihar Government.

Banarsi Prasad Sinha
Banarsi Prasad Singh (7 November 1899 – 1964) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, from Munger in Bihar as a member of the  Indian National Congress in 1952, 1957 and 1962.

He took part in various Congress movements and was imprisoned several times.

He died in 1964. The by-election triggered by his death was won by the socialist leader Madhu Limaye.
Bolad
Bolad (Mongolian: Болад чинсан, Болад ага, Болд, Persian: پولاد, romanized: Pulâd, Chinese: 孛羅; pinyin: Bóluó; Wade–Giles: Po-lo, d.1313), was an ethnic Mongol minister of the Yuan dynasty of China, and later served in the Ilkhanate as the representative of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and cultural adviser to the Ilkhans. He also provided valuable information to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani to write about the Mongols. Mongolists consider him a cultural bridge between East and West. He was ennobled by Emperor Renzong of Yuan as Duke of Ze (澤國公) in 1311 and Prince of Yongfeng (永豐郡王) in 1313, posthumously.

Kheshig
Kheshig (Хишигтэн; lit. 'blessing') were the imperial guard and shock troops for Mongol royalty in the Mongol Empire—particularly for Genghis Khan and his wife Börte. Their primary purpose was to act as bodyguards for emperors and other nobles. They were divided into two subgroups: the day guard (Torguud) and the night guard (Khebtuul). They were distinct from the regular army and would not go to battle with them, instead staying back on guard duty. Their supreme commander was called the Cherbi.

Because the Mongol Empire spanned most of Eurasia, its impacts on Mongol controlled-areas led to the creation of imperial guards like the Keshik. Kheshig was the term used for the palace guards of the Mughal emperors in India, and also for the matchlocks and sabres, which were changed weekly from Akbar the Great's armoury for the royal use. The royal guards in Persia who watched the King's person at night were also called Keshikchi.
Jussi Adler-Olsen
Carl Valdemar Jussi Henry Adler-Olsen (born 2 August 1950) is a Danish crime fiction writer, a publisher, editor, and entrepreneur, best known for his Department Q series. He made his debut as a nonfiction writer in 1984, and as a fiction writer in 1997.

Barry Award (crime novel prize)
The Barry Award is a crime literary prize awarded annually since 1997 by the editors of Deadly Pleasures, an American quarterly publication for crime fiction readers. From 2007 to 2009 the award was jointly presented  with the publication Mystery News. The prize is named after Barry Gardner, an American critic.