hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faiyum
Faiyum (/faɪˈjuːm/ fy-YOOM; Egyptian Arabic: الفيوم, romanized: el-Fayyūm, locally [elfæjˈjuːm]) is a city in Middle Egypt. Located 100 kilometres (62 miles) southwest of Cairo, in the Faiyum Oasis, it is the capital of the modern Faiyum Governorate. It is one of Egypt's oldest cities due to its strategic location.

Wadi al Hitan
Wādī al-Ḥītān (Arabic: وادي الحيتان, lit. 'Wadi of the Whales' Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈwa.diː elˈħit.æːn] ⓘ) is a paleontological site in the Faiyum Governorate of Egypt, some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south-west of Cairo. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2005 for its hundreds of fossils of some of the earliest forms of whale, the archaeoceti (a now extinct sub-order of whales). The site reveals evidence for the explanation of one of the greatest mysteries of the evolution of whales: the emergence of the whale as an ocean-going mammal from a previous life as a land-based animal.

No other place in the world yields the number, concentration and quality of such fossils, nor their accessibility and setting in an attractive and protected landscape. The valley was therefore inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2005.
Iodine in biology
Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems. It has the distinction of being the heaviest element commonly needed by living organisms as well as the second-heaviest known to be used by any form of life (only tungsten, a component of a few bacterial enzymes, has a higher atomic number and atomic weight). It is a component of biochemical pathways in organisms from all biological kingdoms, suggesting its fundamental significance throughout the evolutionary history of life.

Iodine is critical to the proper functioning of the vertebrate endocrine system, and plays smaller roles in numerous other organs, including those of the digestive and reproductive systems. An adequate intake of iodine-containing compounds is important at all stages of development, especially during the fetal and neonatal periods, and diets deficient in iodine can present serious consequences for growth and metabolism.

Trace element
A trace element is a chemical element of a minute quantity, a trace amount, especially used in referring to a micronutrient, but is also used to refer to minor elements in the composition of a rock, or other chemical substance.

In nutrition, trace elements are classified into two groups: essential trace elements, and non-essential trace elements. Essential trace elements are needed for many physiological and biochemical processes in both plants and animals. Not only do trace elements play a role in biological processes but they also serve as catalysts to engage  in redox – oxidation and reduction mechanisms. Trace elements of some heavy metals have a biological role as essential micronutrients.
Mark Hanerfeld
Mark Hanerfeld (1944–January 4, 2000) was an American writer and editor in the comic book industry. Starting out in the world of comics fandom, Hanerfeld is most well known for co-creating Abel, the "host" of the DC Comics horror comics anthology House of Secrets, as well as being the model for the character's appearance.

Phantom Stranger
The Phantom Stranger is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, of unspecified paranormal origins, who battles mysterious and occult forces, sometimes under their Vertigo imprint. The character first appeared in an eponymous comics anthology published in August/September 1952.

The Phantom Stranger made his first live-action appearance in the 2019 DC Universe television series Swamp Thing, portrayed by Macon Blair. Additionally, Kevin Conroy, D. B. Woodside, and Peter Serafinowicz have voiced the character in animation.
George's Schoolhouse Raid
The George's Schoolhouse Raid was a Confederate partisan raid led by local guerrilla John Mobberly on the Union garrison at Lovettsville in Loudoun County, Virginia on January 17, 1865, during the American Civil War. The raid was tactically inconclusive.  After surprising the sleeping garrison, the Confederates were driven away by superior force, taking with them only a few horses and prisoners.  The raid is notable for being the last partisan action in Loudoun County involving Elijah V. White's 35th Virginia Cavalry Battalion.

Elijah V. White
Elijah Viers "Lige" White (August 29, 1832 – January 11, 1907) was commander of the partisan 35th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War. His men became commonly known as "White's Comanches" for their war cries and sudden raids on enemy targets.
Myndoli Banana
Myndoli banana is a variety of banana grown in the Indian state of Goa. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in the villages of Pernem, Bicholim, and Bardez Taluka in North Goa district. Myndoli bananas are distinct due to their long, tusk-shaped appearance and larger size, setting them apart from other banana varieties in Goa. Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "Myndoli Banana".

North Goa district
North Goa district is one of the two districts that constitutes the state of Goa, India. The district has an area of 1,736 square kilometres (670 square miles), and is bounded by Kolhapur  and Sindhudurg districts of Maharashtra state to the north and by Belagavi district of Karnataka to the east, by South Goa district to the south, and by the Arabian Sea to the west.
Southwestern Medical District/Parkland station
Southwestern Medical District/Parkland station (abbreviated SWMD/Parkland station) is a DART rail station in the Southwestern Medical District of Dallas, Texas. It serves the Green Line and Orange Line, and it also serves as a transfer center for nine bus routes.

The station is directly adjacent to Parkland Memorial Hospital. Shuttle routes at the station connect to UT Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center.

The station opened as part of the Green Line's expansion in December 2010.

Green Line (DART)
The Green Line is a 28.6-mile (46.0 km) light rail line in Dallas, United States, operated by the Dallas Area Rapid Transit authority (DART).  The US$1.7 billion project opened in phases, starting in 2009.  It operates in addition to the Blue, Red, and Orange lines.
Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area
The Eau Claire metropolitan area refers loosely to the urbanized area along the Chippewa and Eau Claire Rivers, in west-central Wisconsin, with its primary center at Eau Claire and secondary centers at Chippewa Falls and Altoona.

At a ribbon-cutting for the opening of the final stretch of the newly 4-laned section of WIS 29 between Green Bay and Elk Mound, in 2005, Gov. Jim Doyle referred to the region, including Menomonie to the west, as "Wisconsin's Golden Triangle."

Altoona, Wisconsin
Altoona (/ælˈtuːnə/ al-TOO-nə) is a city in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 8,292 at the 2020 census with an estimated population in 2022 of 9,149. The city is a railroad terminal on the Union Pacific Railroad.
2014–15 Czech 1. Liga season
The 2014-15 Czech 1. liga season was the 21st season of the Czech 1. liga, the second level of ice hockey in the Czech Republic. 14 teams participated in the league.

Piráti Chomutov and ČEZ Motor České Budějovice won this season of the league, with Chomutov later succeeding in the Extraliga qualification, thus being promoted to the league for the following season. They were subsequently replaced by HC Slavia Praha, who were relegated to the 1. Liga after 20 straight seasons in the Extraliga.

HC Rebel Havlíčkův Brod was relegated to the Czech 2. liga after almost 9 years in the league, having been plagued by financial difficulties throughout the season. They were subsequently replaced by HC ZUBR Přerov, who were promoted from the 2. Liga.

Piráti Chomutov
Piráti Chomutov (English: Chomutov Pirates) is a Czech ice hockey team from Chomutov, Czech Republic. Established as ČSK Chomutov in 1945, the team has played in Chomutov through numerous team name changes and promotions/relegations in the Czechoslovak and Czech leagues. They play in the second level 1st Czech Republic Hockey League. Their home arena is the Rocknet aréna located in Chomutov, Czech Republic.
Neil Clabo
William Neil Clabo (November 18, 1952 – July 10, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a punter for three season with the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1975 to 1977. He was named to the PFWA All-Rookie Team. He was voted to the Pro Football Writers All-Pro second team for the 1975 season. He played in Super Bowl XI with the Vikings.

Neil Clabo is the uncle of retired NFL offensive tackle Tyson Clabo.

In 2013, Clabo was inducted into the Greater Knoxville Sports Hall of Fame.

Clabo died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on July 10, 2024, at the age of 71.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
1956 California Golden Bears football team
The 1956 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1956 college football season. In their tenth and final year under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the Golden Bears compiled a 3–7 record (2–5 in PCC, eighth) and were outscored 181 to 135. Home games were played on campus at California Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, California.

At the Big Game in Berkeley on November 24, the 14-point underdog Bears upset Stanford 20–18. Waldorf's players knew that it was his last game; following the win, they carried him off the field on their shoulders. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1966.[1]

California's statistical leaders on offense were sophomore quarterback Joe Kapp with 667 passing yards, Herb Jackson with 462 rushing yards, and Norm Becker with 313 receiving yards. Kapp was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2004.

1956 Stanford Indians football team
The 1956 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1956 college football season. The team was led by Chuck Taylor in his sixth year. The team played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.
Margo Veillon
Margo Veillon (born 19 February 1907 in Cairo, Egypt - died 9 June 2003 in Cairo, Egypt) was a Swiss artist who lived and worked in Cairo. She is known mainly for her oil paintings, but also produced watercolors, drawings, prints, and other art forms.

American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo (AUC; Arabic: الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, romanized: al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education in the United States and Egypt's National Authority for Quality Assurance and Assessment of Education.
Cza Carandang
Czarina Grace Carandang (born November 26, 1997) is a Filipina professional volleyball player for the Akari Chargers of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). Carandang played for the FEU Lady Tamaraws in college.

UAAP Season 80 volleyball tournaments
The UAAP Season 80 volleyball tournaments started on September 9, 2017 with the junior tournaments. The games were played at the Filoil Flying V Centre, Mall of Asia Arena, Smart Araneta Coliseum and the Blue Eagle Gym. It is also sub-hosted by National University.
Kuchma government
The Kuchma Government was created after the Ukrainian parliament had ousted the previous government of Vitold Fokin on 1 October 1992; it contained some of the ministers of its predecessor.

On 13  December 1992, 316 deputies voted for the appointment of Leonid Kuchma, general director of the PA Pivdenmash, as Prime Minister of Ukraine. His new government was Ukraine's second since Ukraine gained its independence in August 1991. Note that not all members of the Cabinet were ministers.

On 21 September 1993, the Cabinet was dismissed due to the vote of no confidence resolution adopted by the Verkhovna Rada.

Fokin government
The Fokin Government was the second Cabinet of Ministers appointed in independent Ukraine (1990-1991) that was approved following the ousting of the Masol's government due to the 1990 Kyiv's student strike (also known as Revolution on Granite).

On 18 April 1991 the head of the Council of Minister of the Ukrainian SSR was officially renamed as the Prime Minister of the Ukrainian SSR. On 21 May 1991 the former council of ministers was officially renamed as cabinet of ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. On 17 September 1991 Ukrainian SSR was officially renamed into Ukraine.
Timeline of plant evolution
This article attempts to place key plant innovations in a geological context.  It concerns itself only with novel adaptations and events that had a major ecological significance, not those that are of solely anthropological interest.  The timeline displays a graphical representation of the adaptations; the text attempts to explain the nature and robustness of the evidence.

Plant evolution is an aspect of the study of biological evolution, predominantly involving evolution of plants suited to live on land, greening of various land masses by the filling of their niches with land plants, and diversification of groups of land plants.

Lycophyte
The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a group of vascular plants that include the clubmosses. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldest lineages of extant (living) vascular plants; the group contains extinct plants that have been dated from the Silurian (ca. 425 million years ago). Lycophytes were some of the dominating plant species of the Carboniferous period, and included the tree-like Lepidodendrales, some of which grew over 40 metres (130 ft) in height, although extant lycophytes are relatively small plants.

The scientific names and the informal English names used for this group of plants are ambiguous. For example, "Lycopodiophyta" and the shorter "Lycophyta" as well as the informal "lycophyte" may be used to include the extinct zosterophylls or to exclude them.
2021 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Bajas
The 2021 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Bajas is the third season of the reformed FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Bajas; an annual competition for baja-style rally raid events for cars, buggies, and side-by-sides held in multiple countries.

FIA World Baja Cup
The FIA World Baja Cup, formerly known as the FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Bajas, is a baja rally series organized by the FIA, culminating with a champion driver, co-driver, and team across each category.
Alsou
Alsou Ralifovna Abramova (Russian: Алсу́ Рали́фовна Абра́мова; Tatar: Алсу Рәлиф кызы Абрамова; née Safina; born 27 June 1983), better known by the mononym Alsou, is a Russian singer. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 in which she came second with the song Solo right after Denmark, giving her recognition across Europe. Alsou hosted the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 held in Moscow. Merited Artists of the Russian Federation (2018).

Merited Artist of the Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Заслуженный артист Российской Федерации, Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts.

The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in). In Imperial Russia before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the October Revolution of 1917, the new regime made changes and established the title of the Merited Artist of Russia (Russian SFSR and Soviet Union).

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian president Boris Yeltsin created a new award, first presented on 30 December 1995.
Jaguar B99
The Jaguar B99 is a concept car designed and developed by the Italian design house Bertone. It was first shown to the public on the Bertone stand at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. The 4-door saloon was shown in two versions: compact executive (B99) and grand tourer (B99 GT). It was designed by Bertone's Michael Robinson and Adrian Griffiths and was based more on traditional Jaguars of the Geoff Lawson era compared to more recent Jaguars designed by Ian Callum.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Standhope Peak
Standhope Peak, at 11,878 feet (3,620 m) above sea level is the fourth highest peak in the Pioneer Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Salmon-Challis National Forest and Custer County. It is the 20th highest peak in Idaho and about 0.75 mi (1.21 km) northeast of Peak 11,887 and 1 mi (1.6 km) southwest of Altair Peak.

Pioneer Mountains (Idaho)
The Pioneer Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Idaho, spanning Blaine, Butte and Custer counties. The range is bounded on the west by the Big Wood River, Trail Creek and Summit Creek, and the North Fork Big Lost River, on the north and east by the East Fork Big Lost River, Left Fork Cherry Creek, Cherry Creek, Dry Fork Creek, Saint Louis Canyon, and Champagne Creek, and on the south by the Snake River Plain.  The mountains are located within Sawtooth and Challis National Forests.

The Pioneer Mountains range was named for the pioneer settlers of the region; many of the individual mountains within the range also bear the name of these pioneers.
Bidastan-e Murderaz
Bidastan-e Murderaz (Persian: بيدستان موردراز, also Romanized as Bīdastān-e Mūrderāz) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 4 families.

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Dishmuk.
Color Developing Agent 4
The fourth in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-4, is chemically known as 4-(N-Ethyl-N-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylphenylenediamine sulfate.  In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule.

Silver halide
A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver (Ag) and one of the halogens. In particular, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I) and fluorine (F) may each combine with silver to produce silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl), silver iodide (AgI), and four forms of silver fluoride, respectively.

As a group, they are often referred to as the silver halides, and are often given the pseudo-chemical notation AgX. Although most silver halides involve silver atoms with oxidation states of +1 (Ag+), silver halides in which the silver atoms have oxidation states of +2 (Ag2+) are known, of which silver(II) fluoride is the only known stable one.

Silver halides are light-sensitive chemicals, and are commonly used in photographic film and paper.
AEC 661T
The AEC 661T was a two-axle double deck trolleybus chassis manufactured by AEC between 1931 and 1942. Based on the AEC Regent bus chassis, over 380 were built for United Kingdom and overseas operators. Bodywork on early models was similar to that on the AEC Regent motor bus, with a half cab front and dummy radiator, but a full-fronted version was used from 1934.

The first four vehicles were supplied to Southend Corporation., with orders following to many other municipal trolleybus operators.

Several AEC 661Ts were later preserved, including examples formerly used in Portsmouth Cleethorpes, and Reading, with the latter two being located at the Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Phi1 Cancri
Phi1 Cancri is a solitary, orange-hued star in the constellation Cancer. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from φ1 Cancri, and abbreviated Phi1 Cnc or φ1 Cnc. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.57. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.56 mas, it is approximately 432 light-years (132 pc) distant from the Sun. The star is drifting further away with a line of sight velocity of +25 km/s.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K5 III, having exhausted the hydrogen at its core then expanded off from the main sequence. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is 1.87±0.02 mas. At the estimated distance of Phi1 Cancri, this yields a physical size of about 27 times the radius of the Sun. It has 1.3 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 195 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,100 K.

Cancer (constellation)
Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one. Cancer is a medium-size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint, its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5. It contains ten stars with known planets, including 55 Cancri, which has five: one super-Earth and four gas giants, one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth. At the (angular) heart of this sector of our celestial sphere is Praesepe (Messier 44), one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers.