hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vinxtbach
The Vinxtbach is a stream of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is around 19 km (12 mi) long, rises south-southwest of Schalkenbach-Obervinxt and east of the Adert and discharges into the River Rhine near Rheineck Castle between Bad Breisig and Brohl-Lützing.

The name Vinxt is derived from the Latin term finis, which means "border". In ancient Rome, the Vinxtbach marked the border between the provinces Germania Inferior and Germania Superior. In times of the Middle Ages, it was the border between the duchies of Lower Lorraine and Upper Lorraine. Today the Vinxtbach forms a dialect boundary, the "Vinxtbach line" (Vinxtbachlinie): north of the Vinxtbach the Ripuarian dialects are spoken, south of it, the Moselle Franconian dialects.

Germania Superior
Germania Superior  ("Upper Germania") was an imperial province of the Roman Empire. It comprised an area of today's western Switzerland, the French Jura and Alsace regions, and southwestern Germany. Important cities were Besançon (Vesontio), Strasbourg (Argentoratum), Wiesbaden (Aquae Mattiacae), and Germania Superior's capital, Mainz (Mogontiacum). It comprised the Middle Rhine, bordering on the Limes Germanicus, and on the Alpine province of Raetia to the south-east. Although it had been occupied militarily since the reign of Augustus, Germania Superior (along with Germania Inferior) was not made into an official province until c. 85 AD.
Anything Other Than Naked
Anything Other Than Naked - a guide for men on how to dress properly for every occasion, is a men's fashion self-help book published in January 2011 by Langdon Street Press. Written by business professional and former U.S. Air Force Captain Glen R. Sondag, the book was originally intended as a guide for Sondag's four sons. It instead turned into an illustrated guide on fashion basics, such as dressing for body type, choosing suits and accessories, fabrics, rules of office fashion, and clothing brand selection. As of March 2011 it is available in paperback and as an eBook.

Self-help book
A self-help book is a book or text that is written with the intention to instruct its readers how to solve their personal problems. They take their name from Self-Help, an 1859 best-selling book by Samuel Smiles, but are sometimes known and classified as "self-improvement" books and media. Self-help books moved from a position in a niche market to much wider adoption and use in the late twentieth century.
Rationality and Power
Rationality and Power: Democracy in Practice is a 1998 book by Bent Flyvbjerg, published by the University of Chicago Press. The book focuses on "the application of critical theory to urban and community development". Flyvbjerg here deploys the methodology for doing social science, which he developed in Making Social Science Matter (2001).

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Carmel Divine Grace Foundation Secondary School
Carmel Divine Grace Foundation Secondary School is located in Po Lam, Tseung Kwan O, Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. It is the first secondary school in the new town of Tseung Kwan O, and the oldest school teaching in English in Sai Kung District.

Po Lam
Po Lam (Chinese: 寶琳 or 寶林) is a neighbourhood in northern Tseung Kwan O, Kowloon. An MTR station with the same name, Tseung Kwan O Village, Yau Yue Wan Village, King Lam Estate, and Po Lam Estate are located there.
Kyushu Railway History Museum Station
Kyushu Railway History Museum Station (九州鉄道記念館駅, Kyūshū-Tetsudō-Kinenkan-eki) is a train station in Moji ward of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the Mojikō Retro Scenic Line, a heritage railway operated by the Heisei Chikuhō Railway.

Mojikō Retro Scenic Line
The Mojikō Retro Scenic Line (門司港レトロ観光線, Mojikō-Retoro-Kankō-sen) is a 2.1 km heritage railway line owned by Kitakyushu City and operated by Heisei Chikuhō Railway. The line runs on a former freight route in Moji-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. One passenger train named the Shiokaze (潮風号) runs on the track.
Geography of Peru
Peru is a country on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean. It lies wholly in the Southern Hemisphere, its northernmost extreme reaching to 1.8 minutes of latitude or about 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) south of the equator. Peru shares land borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile, with its longest land border shared with Brazil.

Tara spinosa
Tara spinosa, commonly known as tara (Quechua), also known as Peruvian carob or spiny holdback, is a small leguminous tree or thorny shrub native to Peru. T. spinosa is cultivated as a source of tannins based on a galloylated quinic acid structure. This chemical structure has been confirmed also by LC–MS. It is also grown as an ornamental plant because of its large colorful flowers and pods.
Dies Bildnis ist bezaubernd schön
"Dies Bildnis ist bezaubernd schön" ("This image is enchantingly lovely") is an aria from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 1791 opera The Magic Flute. The aria takes place in act 1, scene 1, of the opera. Prince Tamino has just been presented by the Three Ladies with an image of the princess Pamina, and falls instantly in love with her.

Spike Hughes
Patrick Cairns "Spike" Hughes (19 October 1908 – 2 February 1987) was a British musician, composer and arranger involved in the worlds of classical music and jazz. He has been called Britain's earliest jazz composer, and was a pioneer of television opera. Later in his career, he became better known as a broadcaster and humorous author.
William E. Banks
William Eric Banks (17 July 1900 – 1 November 1986) was a British Royal Navy officer who was the first Commander of the Royal Ceylon Navy. He was appointed on 2 December 1950 until 25 November 1951. He was succeeded by J. R. S. Brown.

In 1940, Banks was awarded the DSC. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire "for courage and undaunted devotion to duty."

Commander of the Navy (Sri Lanka)
The commander of the Navy is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Navy. The current commander of the Navy is Vice Admiral Kanchana Banagoda. It is a position equivalent to that of First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy or Chief of Naval Operations in the United States Navy.

By convention, serving Navy commanders have a rank of vice admiral, and will be promoted to the rank of admiral on retirement.
Gustav von Mevissen
Gustav Mevissen, after 1884 known as Gustav von Mevissen, (20 May 1815 – 13 August 1899), was a German businessman and politician.

Mevissen was born in Dülken, Rhine Province to Catholic merchan family. He started by investing in textile industry and later in railway construction and heavy industry. He founded numerous banks, including the Darmstädter Bank, and insurance companies. He is considered a pioneer of the German credit and insurance industry.

As a politician he was a leading representative of Rhineland liberalism and he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Rhine Province, the Vereinigter Landtag, the Frankfurt Parliament. From 1866 he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords. He died in Bad Godesberg.

In 1879, on the golden wedding anniversary of the Kaiser, Mevissen set aside railway shares worth approximately 200,000 marks to establish a commercial college in Cologne.

Prussian House of Lords
The Prussian House of Lords (German: Preußisches Herrenhaus) in Berlin was the upper house of the Landtag of Prussia (German: Preußischer Landtag), the parliament of Prussia from 1850 to 1918. Together with the lower house, the House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus), it formed the Prussian bicameral legislature. The building is now used as the seat of the German Bundesrat at Leipziger Straße.
Grand Lakes
Grand Lakes, Texas is a 1,250-acre (510 ha) "master planned community" located in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston within Fort Bend and Harris Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It lies about 25 miles (40 km) west of Houston and 10 miles (16 km) north of Richmond. Grand Lakes is considered to be part of the Greater Katy area and is roughly 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the city of Katy and adjacent to Cinco Ranch and Seven Meadows.

Cinco Ranch, Texas
Cinco Ranch is a planned community located in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the city of Houston within Fort Bend and Harris counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It lies approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of the Harris County seat of Houston and 10 miles (16 km) north of the Fort Bend County seat of Richmond. Cinco Ranch is considered to be part of the Greater Katy area and is roughly 10 miles southeast of the city of Katy. Cinco Ranch was defined as a census designated place in the 2000 U.S. census but has since grown to include additional area.
Grandparents' Day
Grandparents' Day or National Grandparents' Day is a secular holiday celebrated in various countries; it is celebrated to show the bond between grandparents and grandchildren. It occurs on various days of the year, either as one holiday or sometimes as a separate Grandmother's Day and   Grandfather's Day. It was celebrated for the first time in Poland in 1965.

Joachim
Joachim was, according to Christian Sacred tradition, the husband of Saint Anne, the father of Mary and grandfather of Jesus. The story of Joachim and Anne first appears in the Gospel of James, part of the New Testament apocrypha. His feast day is 26 July, a date shared with Saint Anne.
Tobias Smollett
Tobias George Smollett (bapt. 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish writer and surgeon. He was best known for writing picaresque novels such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748), The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751) and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), which influenced later generations of British novelists, including Charles Dickens. His novels were liberally altered by contemporary printers; an authoritative edition of each was edited by Dr O. M. Brack Jr and others.

Alain-René Lesage
Alain-René Lesage (French pronunciation: [alɛ̃ ʁəne ləsaʒ]; 6 May 1668 – 17 November 1747; older spelling Le Sage) was a French novelist and playwright. Lesage is best known for his comic novel The Devil upon Two Sticks (1707, Le Diable boiteux), his comedy Turcaret (1709), and his picaresque novel Gil Blas (1715–1735).
NGC 4762
NGC 4762 is an edge-on lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It is at a distance of 60 million light years and is a member of the Virgo Cluster. The edge-on view of this particular galaxy, originally considered to be a barred spiral galaxy, makes it difficult to determine its true shape, but it is considered that the galaxy consists of four main components — a central bulge, a bar, a thick disc and an outer ring. The galaxy's disc is asymmetric and warped, which could be explained by NGC 4762 merging with a smaller galaxy in the past. The remains of this former companion may then have settled within NGC 4762's disc, redistributing the gas and stars and so changing the disc's morphology.

NGC 4762 contains a Liner-type active galactic nucleus, a highly energetic central region. This nucleus is detectable due to its particular spectral line emission, allowing astronomers to measure the composition of the region.

NGC 4762 forms a non-interacting pair with the galaxy NGC 4754.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Family feuds in the United States
Feuds in the United States deals with the phenomena of historic blood feuding in the United States. These feuds have been numerous and some became quite vicious. Often, a conflict which may have started out as a rivalry between two individuals or families became further escalated into a clan-wide feud or a range war, involving dozens—or even hundreds—of participants. Below are listed some of the most notable blood feuds in United States history, most of which occurred in the Old West.

Texas State Police
The Texas State Police (TSP) is a defunct 19th century law enforcement agency that was created following the Civil War by order of Texas Governor Edmund J. Davis. The TSP worked primarily against racially based crimes in Texas, and included black policemen. It was replaced by a renewed Texas Rangers force in 1873.
Kyriakos Papadopoulos
Kyriakos Papadopoulos (Greek: Κυριάκος Παπαδόπουλος; born 23 February 1992) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for non-league club Svoronos Katerinis. He last played, at a professioanl level, for Greek Super League club Levadiakos.

Having made his first league appearances for Olympiacos at the age of 15, Papadopoulos moved to Germany in 2010 to join Schalke 04 and scored on his senior debut for Greece the following year, aged 19. However, his career progress in the Bundesliga was hampered by a succession of injuries over several seasons.

2007–08 Greek Football Cup
The 2007–08 Greek Football Cup was the 66th edition of the Greek Football Cup. 69 club entries were accepted for the competition. The competition culminated with the Greek Football Cup Final, held at Kaftanzoglio Stadium, on 17 May 2008. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Aris, with Olympiacos winning by 2–0.
Denis Kinane
Denis Francis Kinane (born 29 January 1957) is a Scottish immunologist, cell biologist, infection, immunity and genomics specialist. He is the author of more than 250 papers with an H-index of 82, and editor of Nature and Springer journals. Kinane has held professorial appointments in pathology, periodontology, immunology, infection and immunity at medical and dental schools in the UK, United States and Switzerland. He is a director of two large US and Chinese health companies and Scientific Director, CMO and founder of several smaller international companies.

Kinane is a Co-Founder and Chief Medical Officer at Cignpost Diagnostics Ltd, a UK based COVID-19 testing company specialising in rapid delivery of Gold standard PCR testing.

University of Edinburgh Medical School
The University of Edinburgh Medical School (also known as Edinburgh Medical School) is the medical school within the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

The medical school was established in 1726, during the Scottish Enlightenment, making it the oldest medical school in the United Kingdom and the oldest medical school in the English-speaking world.

The medical school is associated with 13 Nobel Prize laureates: 7 in the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and 6 in the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Graduates of the medical school have founded medical schools and universities all over the world including 5 out of the 7 Ivy League medical schools (Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Pennsylvania and Dartmouth), Vermont, McGill, Sydney, Montréal, the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (now part of Imperial College London), the Cape Town, Birkbeck, Middlesex Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women (both now part of UCL).
Hachimanyama Kofun (Maebashi)
The Hachimanyama Kofun (八幡山古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound located in what is now the Asakura neighborhood of the city of Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1949. It is one of the Asakura-Hirose Kofun Cluster of over 150 tumuli from the 4th to 6th century in the foothills of Mount Akagi, which also includes the Maebashi Futagoyama Kofun.

Maebashi
Maebashi (前橋市, Maebashi-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ma.eꜜ.ba.ɕi, maꜜ.e-, ma.e.ba.ɕiꜜ.ɕi], locally [ma.e.ba.ɕi]) is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 31 August 2020, the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 311.59 km2 (120.31 sq mi).  It was the most populous city within Gunma Prefecture until Takasaki merged with nearby towns between 2006 and 2009. Maebashi is known to be the "City of Water, Greenery and Poets" because of its pure waters, its rich nature and because it gave birth to several Japanese contemporary poets, such as Sakutarō Hagiwara.
SIGAINT
SIGAINT was a Tor hidden service offering secure email services. According to its FAQ page, its web interface used SquirrelMail which does not rely on JavaScript. Passwords couldn't be recovered. Users received two addresses per inbox: one at sigaint.org for receiving clearnet emails and the other at its .onion address only for receiving emails sent from other Tor-enabled email services. Free accounts had 50 MB of storage space and expired after one year of inactivity. Upgraded accounts had access to POP3, IMAP, SMTP, larger size limits, full disk encryption, and never expired.

Tor (network)
Tor is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. It is built on free and open-source software run by over seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, as well as by millions of users who route their internet traffic via random paths through these relays. This technique is called onion routing.

Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's internet activity by preventing any single point on the internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially.
Craniofacial regeneration
Craniofacial regeneration refers to the biological process by which the skull and face regrow to heal an injury. This page covers birth defects and injuries related to the craniofacial region, the mechanisms behind the regeneration, the medical application of these processes, and the scientific research conducted on this specific regeneration. This regeneration is not to be confused with tooth regeneration. Craniofacial regrowth is broadly related to the mechanisms of general bone healing.

Mesenchymal stem cell
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).

The primary function of MSCs is to respond to injury and infection by secreting and recruiting a range of biological factors, as well as modulating inflammatory processes to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Extensive research interest has led to more than 80,000 peer-reviewed papers on MSCs.
S. S. Warner
Sidney Sardus Warner (April 17, 1829 – July 6, 1908) was a Republican politician in the state of Ohio and was Ohio State Treasurer from 1866 to 1871.

S S Warner was born April 17, 1829, at Suffield, Connecticut, moved with his family to Mantua Portage County, Ohio, in 1832, and Lorain County, Ohio, in 1839. He was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1861 and 1863 to the 55th and 56th General Assemblies.

Warner was elected in 1865, 1867, and 1869 as Ohio State Treasurer. He later was a candidate for nomination for governor and representative to Congress, and a banker and manufacturer in Wellington, Ohio. Presidential elector for Garfiled/Arthur in 1880. He died July 6, 1908, in Wellington, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Wellington, Ohio.

In 1851 Warner married Margaret A. Bradner of Lorain County. The couple had four children.

Ohio State Treasurer
The treasurer of the U.S. state of Ohio is responsible for collecting and safeguarding taxes and fees, as well as managing state investments. The Treasury was located in the Ohio Statehouse from 1861 to 1974, when it was moved to the Rhodes State Office Tower. The original office in the statehouse, which has been restored to its 19th-century appearance, is used for ceremonial events.

Before Ohio became a state, John Armstrong was Treasurer-General of the Northwest Territory from 1796 to 1803. He was appointed to the post by the United States Congress. Under the first constitution of Ohio, 1803 to 1851, the state legislature appointed a treasurer. Since the second constitution in 1852, the office has been elective.

The current officeholder is Republican Robert Sprague.
Vaphio
Vaphio, Vafio or Vapheio is an ancient site in Laconia, Greece, on the right bank of the Eurotas, some 5 mi (8.0 km) south of Sparta. It is famous for its tholos or beehive tomb, excavated in 1889 by Christos Tsountas. This consists of a walled approach, about 97 ft (30 m) long, leading to a vaulted chamber some 33 ft (10 m) in diameter, in the floor of which the actual grave was cut. The tomb suffered considerable damage in the decades following its excavation. During conservation work in 1962 the walls were restored to a height of about 6 m (20 ft).

The main objects found there were transferred to the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, where many remain on display.  Many are regarded as Minoan art, while others are thought to have been made on mainland Greece.  The pottery in the tomb dates to around 1500 to 1450 BC, but the gold and carved gem seals might have been old when buried. The Cretan one of the famous pair of gold Vaphio Cups perhaps dates to the previous century.

Sinclair Hood
Martin Sinclair Frankland Hood, FBA (31 January 1917 – 18 January 2021), generally known as Sinclair Hood, was a British archaeologist and academic. He was Director of the British School at Athens from 1954 to 1962, and led the excavations at Knossos from 1957 to 1961. He turned 100 in January 2017 and died in January 2021, two weeks short of his 104th birthday.

As its review in the American Journal of Archaeology forecast, his The Arts in Prehistoric Greece became a "standard authoritative handbook for years to come" on Aegean art.
Vohenstrauß
Vohenstrauß (or Vohenstrauss; German: [ˈfoːənˌʃtʁaʊs] ⓘ) is a town in Germany, located in the north-eastern part of the Bavarian region Upper Palatinate. The town is situated in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab. It is the birthplace of Heribert Illig.

Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)
Neustadt an der Waldnaab is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Schwandorf, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayreuth and Tirschenreuth, and by the Czech Republic (Plzeň Region). The city of Weiden in der Oberpfalz is enclosed by, but does not belong to the district.