hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Khoury (chef)
Philip Khoury (born 1990) is an Australian pastry chef who specialises in plant-based desserts. From 2018 to 2025, he was Head Pastry Chef at Harrods in London. His debut book A New Way to Bake (2023) won a Fortnum & Mason Food and Drink Award, among other accolades.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; /ˈpiːtə/ PEE-tə; styled PeTA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and originally led by Ingrid Newkirk, its co-founder.

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case. The organization opposes factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals.

The organization's controversial campaigns have been credited with drawing media attention to animal rights issues, but have also been widely criticized for their disruptive nature. Its use of euthanasia has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers.
Sidama Coffee SC
Sidama Coffee Sport Club (Amharic: ሲዳማ ቡና  ስፖርት ክለብ, Sidama Buna Sport Club), also known as Dara kenema, is  a professional football Club based in Sidama Municipality of Ethiopia. The club plays in the Ethiopian Premier League, the top division of Ethiopian football.

Ethiopian Higher League
The Ethiopian Higher League (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ከፍተኛ ሊግ), also called the Ethiopian Super League, is the second division of association football in Ethiopia. Regulated by the Ethiopian Football Federation, the league is divided into three groups (Group A, Group B, and Group C) with 12 clubs in each group. It operates on a system of promotion and relegation along with the Ethiopian Premier League (first division) and the Ethiopian First League (third division). The champions of Group A, B, and C will be automatically promoted to the Premier League. The bottom two teams (11th and 12th) of each respective group at the season's end will be relegated to the First League, the third division of Ethiopian football.
Liocyma fluctuosa
Liocyma fluctuosa, or the wavy clam, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, from Greenland to Maine, and along the Pacific coast, from Alaska to British Columbia.

Veneridae
The Veneridae or venerids, common name: Venus clams, are a very large family of minute to large, saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. Over 500 living species of venerid bivalves are known, most of which are edible, and many of which are exploited as food sources.

Many of the most important edible species are commonly known (in the US) simply as "clams". Venerids make up a significant proportion of the world fishery of edible bivalves. The family includes some species that are important commercially, such as (in the US) the hard clam or quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria.
Stefano Ceccaroni
Stefano Ceccaroni (born 12 January 1961 in Basel) is a retired Swiss-Italian footballer and manager who played as a defender or midfielder. He spent his entire career playing in Switzerland. He is now businessman and works for the foundation of the Youth Campus Basel and is in the business management.

FC Chiasso
FC Chiasso is a Swiss football club based in the Italian-speaking municipality of Chiasso. It was founded in 1905. Chiasso also played in the Italian first league between 1914 and 1923. They currently play in 2. Liga, the sixth tier of Swiss football.
Matam, Senegal
Matam (Hassaniya Arabic: ماتام; Wolof: Mataam) is the capital town of the Matam Region in north-east Senegal, and lies on the Sénégal River on the border with Mauritania. In the census of 2002, Matam had 14,620 inhabitants and in the 2023 census the population of the town had increased to 27,695.

In 1996, the Upper Senegal River Valley, stretching from Matam to Diamou in Mali was cited as one of the poorest and most inaccessible regions in the western Sahel.

Matam region
Matam is a region of Senegal (regional capitals have the same name as their respective regions).

It is a flat, arid region bounded on the north by the Sénégal River and the south by the Sahelian plain studded with baobab trees. Matam is populated by the Pulaar-speaking Toucouleur people. According to a 2015 economic report, half of Senegal's agricultural value is derived from the Matam region.
2009–10 NOJHL season
The 2009–10 NOJHL season is the 32nd season of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL). The eight teams of the East and West Divisions will play 50-game schedules.

Come February, the top teams of each division will play down for the Copeland-McNamara Trophy, the NOJHL championship.  The winner of the Copeland-McNamara Trophy will compete in the Central Canadian Junior "A" championship, the Dudley Hewitt Cup.  If successful against the winners of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and Superior International Junior Hockey League, the champion would then move on to play in the Canadian Junior Hockey League championship, the 2010 Royal Bank Cup.

Dudley Hewitt Cup
The Dudley Hewitt Cup (also known as the Dudley Hewitt Memorial Trophy) was awarded annually from 1971–2019 to the  championship Junior 'A' ice hockey team for the Central/East region of Canada. That region initially extended east from Ontario to The Maritimes. Later, the scope was limited to teams from the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL), Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL) and Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL). The winners of the Dudley Hewitt Cup went on to compete for the national championship Centennial Cup.

It was named after George Dudley and W. A. Hewitt, who served as administrators for the Ontario Hockey Association and are inductees of the Hockey Hall of Fame.
2026 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
Harri Heliövaara and Henry Patten defeated Marcelo Arévalo and Mate Pavić in the final, 7–5, 7–5 to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2026 Dubai Tennis Championships. It was their second title in as many weeks, having won in Doha the week prior.

Yuki Bhambri and Alexei Popyrin were the reigning champions, but Popyrin did not participate this year. Bhambri partnered André Göransson, but lost in the first round to Heliövaara and Patten.

2026 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles
Carlos Alcaraz defeated Arthur Fils in the final, 6–2, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2026 Qatar Open. It was his 26th ATP Tour level title.

Andrey Rublev was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Alcaraz.
Kampong Chai Chee Constituency
Kampong Chai Chee Constituency was a constituency in Bedok, Singapore. It was carved from Tampines and Siglap divisions in prior to 1968 general election as the population in Bedok grows. In 1988, the constituency was merged into Bedok Group Representation Constituency.

Tampines Constituency
Tampines Constituency was a constituency in Tampines, Singapore. It was formed in 1959 when Punggol–Tampines Constituency was split into Punggol and Tampines constituencies. In 1988, the constituency was merged into Tampines Group Representation Constituency (GRC).
Lake Street Elevated
The Lake Street Elevated, also known as the Lake branch, is a 8.75 mi (14.08 km) long branch of the Chicago "L" which is located west of the Chicago Loop and serves the Green Line for its entire length, as well as the Pink Line east of Ashland Avenue. As of February 2013, the branch serves an average of 27,217 passengers each weekday. It serves the Near West Side, East Garfield Park, West Garfield Park, and Austin neighborhoods of Chicago, as well as the suburbs Oak Park and Forest Park. It owes its name to Lake Street, the street that the branch overlooks for 6.25 mi (10.06 km) before continuing its route straight west, adjacent to South Boulevard, towards the terminus at Harlem/Lake.

Laramie station (CTA Green Line)
Laramie is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, serving the Green Line and the Austin neighborhood on the West Side. It opened on April 29, 1894, as a terminus of the Lake Street Elevated Railroad. Going eastbound, Laramie is the first station above Lake Street; the line follows an elevated embankment to Harlem/Lake and transitions from an elevated structure to the embankment immediately to the west of the station.
1982 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1982 World Cup took place 2–5 December 1982 at Pierre Marques Golf Club in Acapulco, Mexico. It was the 29th World Cup event. The previous World Cup was played in 1980, since the 1981 event was cancelled. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 31 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Spain team of José María Cañizares and Manuel Piñero won by three strokes over the United States team of Bobby Clampett and Bob Gilder. It was the third Spanish victory in the last six World Cup tournaments. The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Pinero one stroke ahead of Canizares and Gilder.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
Loperšice
Loperšice (pronounced [ˈloːpɛɾʃitsɛ], German: Loperschitsch) is a village east of Ormož in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Ormož
Ormož (pronounced [ˈóːɾmɔʃ] ⓘ; in older sources Ormuš, Hungarian: Ormosd, German: Friedau, Prekmurje Slovene: Ormošd) is a town in the traditional region of Prlekija, part of Styria, in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Drava River and borders with Croatia on the opposite bank of the river. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Ormož.
Metarhizium granulomatis
Metarhizium granulomatis is a fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae associated with systemic mycosis in veiled chameleons. The genus Metarhizium is known to infect arthropods, and collectively are referred to green-spored asexual pathogenic fungi. This species grows near the roots of plants and has been reported as an agent of disease in captive veiled chameleons. The etymology of the species epithet, "granulomatis" refers to the ability of the fungus to cause granulomatous disease in susceptible reptiles.

Metarhizium
Metarhizium is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae.  With the advent of genetic profiling,  placing these fungi in proper taxa has now become possible. Most turn out to be the asexual forms (anamorphs) of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, including Metacordyceps spp.
History of the Roman Canon
The Roman Canon is the oldest eucharistic prayer used in the Mass of the Roman Rite, and dates its arrangement to at least the 7th century; its core, however, is much older. Through the centuries, the Roman Canon has undergone minor alterations and modifications, but retains the same essential form it took in the seventh century under Pope Gregory I. Before 1970, it was the only eucharistic prayer used in the Roman Missal, but since then three other eucharistic prayers were newly composed for the Mass of Paul VI.

Louis Duchesne
Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne (French: [dyʃɛːn]; 13 September 1843 – 21 April 1922) was a French priest, philologist, teacher and a critical historian of Christianity and Roman Catholic liturgy and institutions.
Wadfradad II
Wadfradad II, Hellenized as Autophradates II, was a dynast (frataraka) of Persis in the late 2nd-century BC, ruling sometime after 138 BC. He was appointed as frataraka by the Parthian king Mithridates I (r. 171–132 BC), who granted him more autonomy, most likely in an effort to maintain healthy relations with Persis as the Parthian Empire was under constant conflict with the Saka, Seleucids, and Characene. The coinage of Wadfradad II shows influence from the coins minted under Mithridates I. Wadfradad II was succeeded by Darayan I, the first of the Kings of Persis.

Persis
Persis, also called Persia proper, is a historical region in south-western Iran, roughly corresponding with Fars province. Iranian speaking peoples, also known as Iranic speaking peoples, are thought to have initially migrated either from Central Asia or, more probably, from the north through the Caucasus giving rise to the ethnic group later known as Persians. They would then have migrated to the current region of Persis in the early 1st millennium BC.
Chrzemce
Chrzemce [ˈxʂɛmt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubochnia, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Lubochnia, 7 km (4 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 46 km (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Lubochnia, Łódź Voivodeship
Lubochnia [luˈbɔxɲa] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina, the principal unit of administrative division in Poland, called Gmina Lubochnia. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Sexual abuse scandals in Catholic orders and societies
As distinct from abuse by some parish priests, who are subject to diocesan control, there has also been abuse by members of Roman Catholic orders, which often care for the sick or teach at school. Just as diocesan clergy have arranged parish transfers of abusive priests, abusive brothers in Catholic orders are sometimes transferred.

In response the Roman Catholic Church published its "Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders" in 2005. However this did not address the significant problem of heterosexual abuse by members of Roman Catholic orders.

Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry
The 2014–2016 Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry, often referred to as the HIA Inquiry, is the largest inquiry into historical institutional sexual and physical abuse of children in Northern Ireland legal history. Its remit covers institutions in Northern Ireland  that provided residential care for children from 1922 to 1995, but excludes most church-run schools.

On 11 March 2022 ministers from the five main political parties in Northern Ireland and six abusing institutions made statements of apology in the Northern Ireland Assembly. A typical apology was "Today we, as representatives of the state, say that we are sorry ... that the state's systems failed to protect you from abuse".
Outline of anesthesia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anesthesia:

Anesthesia – pharmacologically induced and reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes or decreased sympathetic nervous system, or all simultaneously. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. An alternative definition is a "reversible lack of awareness," including a total lack of awareness (e.g. a general anesthetic) or a lack of awareness of a part of the body such as a spinal anesthetic.

Sodium thiopental
Sodium thiopental, also known as thiopental sodium or thiopentone and sold under the brand name Pentothal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic. It is the thiobarbiturate analog of pentobarbital, and an analog of thiobarbital. Sodium thiopental is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was the first of three drugs administered during most lethal injections in the United States until the US division of Hospira objected and stopped manufacturing the drug for this purpose in 2011, and the European Union additionally banned the export of the drug for this purpose. Although thiopental abuse carries a dependency risk, its recreational use is rare.

Sodium thiopental is well-known in popular culture, especially under the name "sodium pentothal," as a "truth serum," although its efficacy in this role is questioned.
Wamas Chakra
Wamas Chakra (Quechua chakra field, Hispanicized spelling Huamaschacra) is a 5,409-metre-high (17,746 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Recuay Province, Catac District. It lies in the Qiwllarahu massif.

Cordillera Blanca
The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "white range") is a mountain range in Peru that is part of the larger Andes range and extends for 200 kilometres (124 mi) between 8°08' and 9°58'S and 77°00' and 77°52'W, in a northwesterly direction. It includes several peaks over 6,000 metres (19,690 ft) high and 722 individual glaciers. The highest mountain in Peru, Huascarán, at 6,768 metres (22,205 ft) high, is located there.

The Cordillera Blanca lies in the Ancash region and runs parallel to the Santa River valley (also called Callejón de Huaylas in its upper and midsections) on the west. Huascarán National Park, established in 1975, encompasses almost the entire range of the Cordillera Blanca.

Snowmelt from the Cordillera Blanca provides part of northern Peru with its year-round water supply, while 5% of Peru's power comes from a hydro-electrical plant located in the Santa River valley. The area of permanent ice cover shrank by about a third between the 1970s and 2006.
1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season
The 1955 Brooklyn Dodgers season was the 66th season for the Brooklyn Dodgers franchise in the MLB.  The Dodgers finally fulfilled the promise of many previous Dodger teams. Although the club had won several pennants in the past, and had won as many as 105 games in 1953, it had never won a World Series. This team finished 13.5 games ahead in the National League pennant race, leading the league in both runs scored and fewest runs allowed. In the World Series, they finally beat their crosstown rivals, the New York Yankees. It was the Dodgers' first and only World Series championship won while located in Brooklyn. With their World Series victory, the '55 Dodgers became only the second wire-to-wire team (a team leading from opening day to season's end) in MLB history after the '27 Yankees.

1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season
The 1953 Brooklyn Dodgers season was the 64th season for the Brooklyn Dodgers franchise in the MLB. The Dodgers repeated as National League champions by posting a 105–49 record. However, Brooklyn again failed to capture the World Series, losing in six games to the American League champion New York Yankees.

The Dodgers' .682 winning percentage in 1953 stood as the best single-season winning percentage in franchise history for a full season until 2022, when they posted a .685 mark (111–51). (In 2020, the Dodgers posted a .717 mark (43–17) during a shortened 60-game season.)
1860 Wiyot massacre
40°48′54″N 124°09′40″W﻿ / ﻿40.815°N 124.161°W﻿ / 40.815; -124.161

The Wiyot massacre refers to the atrocities on February 26, 1860, at Tuluwat (also known as Indian Island), near Eureka in Humboldt County, California. In coordinated attacks beginning at about 6 am, white settlers murdered 80 to 250 Wiyot people, mostly women and children, with axes, knives, and guns. The attack formed part of the broader California Genocide of Native Americans; similar bloody attacks on other Wiyot villages took place on the same day and later in the week.

Cattle raiding
Cattle raiding is the act of stealing live cattle, often several or many at once. In Australia, such stealing is often referred to as duffing, and the perpetrator as a duffer. In other areas, especially in Queensland, the practice is known as poddy-dodging with the perpetrator known as a poddy-dodger. In North America, especially in the Wild West cowboy culture, cattle theft is dubbed rustling, while an individual who engages in it is a rustler.
Johann Glaser
Johann Heinrich Glaser (6 October 1629 – 5 February 1675) was a Swiss anatomist. Known for his anatomical dissections on animals and humans, the Glaserian fissure is named for him.

Glaser was born in Basel, Switzerland where his father was a well-known painter and engraver. He studied locally and went to Geneva where he studied medicine. He then moved to Paris and became interested in botany at the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. In 1650 he wrote his dissertation De dolore colico. In 1661 he received a doctorate and because of his knowledge of Greek he was appointed professor at 1665 at the Faculté de Médecine, Basel. He moved to the chair of anatomy and botany in 1667. In his Tractatus de cerebro which was published posthumously in 1680 he described a fissure which is named after him as Fissura Glaseri. Glaser gave a funeral oration on the death of Hieronymus Bauhin (1637-1667), son of Caspar Bauhin. Glaser died from a fever infection caught from a patient he was treating.

Gaspard Bauhin
Gaspard Bauhin or Caspar Bauhin (Latin: Casparus Bauhinus; 17 January 1560 – 5 December 1624), was a Swiss botanist whose Pinax theatri botanici (1623) described thousands of plants and classified them in a manner that draws comparisons to the later binomial nomenclature of Linnaeus. He was a disciple of the famous Italian physician Girolamo Mercuriale and he also worked on human anatomical nomenclature.

Bauhin described the ileocecal valve in 1588—hence the name Bauhin's Valve or Valve of Bauhin—in the preface of his first writing,  De corporis humani partibus externis tractatus, hactenus non editus. Linnaeus honored the Bauhin brothers Gaspard and Jean in the genus name Bauhinia.
Jabara (citrus)
Jabara (Citrus × jabara) is a hybrid species of plant and fruit that is among the Japanese citrus.

Jabara is a fruit similar to the yuzu, deriving from a cross of the yuzu with a pomelo-hybridized mandarin (Citrus nobilis, but distinct from King), that arose naturally in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

Pomelo
The pomelo (/ˈpɒmɪloʊ, ˈpʌm-/ POM-il-oh, PUM-; or pummelo, Citrus maxima), also known as a shaddock, is the largest citrus fruit. It is an ancestor of several cultivated citrus species, including the bitter orange and the grapefruit. It is a natural, non-hybrid citrus fruit, native to Southeast Asia. Similar in taste to a sweet grapefruit, the pomelo is commonly eaten and used for festive occasions throughout Southeast and East Asia. As with the grapefruit, phytochemicals in the pomelo have the potential for drug interactions.
Zambia Shall Be Free
Zambia Shall Be Free is a 1962 political autobiography by Zambia's first president Kenneth Kaunda published as part of the Heinemann African Writers Series. The biography is a critique of colonial rule, and the power of democracy in liberating the varied people ruled in the new Zambia.

The contemporary journal reviewer for African Affairs called the work a "haphazard sketch of the victorious approach of Northern Rhodesia to emancipation". The reviewer called the narrative "polemical" and "factually unreliable". The Journal of Modern African Studies reviewer J.G. Markham was more sympathetic, reading the biography as a strong understanding of Kaunda's development of his political career, and highlighting the tension between Kaunda's participation in violence in the Zambia African Congress and his subsequent justification of that violence in seeking independence.

Heinemann African Writers Series
The African Writers Series (AWS) is a collection of books written by African novelists, poets and politicians. Published by Heinemann, 359 books appeared in the series between 1962 and 2003.

The series has provided an international audience for many African writers, including Chinua Achebe, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Steve Biko, Ama Ata Aidoo, Nadine Gordimer, Buchi Emecheta, and Okot p'Bitek.