hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coenagrion hastulatum
Coenagrion hastulatum, the northern damselfly or spearhead bluet, is a damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae.

The species is widespread and common in northern Eurasia but is restricted to elevated or bog-like sites towards the west and south. In Britain, it is confined to a few small lochans in Scotland.

Coenagrion hastulatum is 31–33 millimetres (1.2–1.3 in) long.

The specific part of the scientific name, hastulatum, from the Latin hastula (small spear) is because of the distinctive markings on the second segment of the abdomen that resembles a spear.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
All His Angels
"All His Angels" is the fifteenth episode of the fourth season of History's historical drama television series Vikings, and the 44th episode of the series overall. Directed by Ciarán Donnelly and written by Michael Hirst, it aired on December 28, 2016.

The episode stars Travis Fimmel, Katheryn Winnick, John Kavanagh, Moe Dunford, Alex Høgh, David Lindström, Jordan Patrick Smith, and Linus Roache. Clive Standen, Gustaf Skarsgård, Alexander Ludwig, and Alyssa Sutherland also appear in archive footage.

It received wide critical acclaim, particularly for Fimmel's performance, and it was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic) at the 69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

Vikings season 4
The fourth season of the historical drama television series Vikings premiered on February 18, 2016, on History in Canada.  The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793.

The fourth season consists of a double-season order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; The first half concluded on April 21, 2016. The second half premiered on November 30, 2016. The season follows the battles between Ragnar and Rollo in Francia, Bjorn's raid into the Mediterranean, and the Viking invasion of England. It concluded in its entirety on February 1, 2017.
Integer programming
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.

Integer programming is NP-complete (the difficult part is showing the NP membership). In particular, the special case of 0–1 integer linear programming, in which unknowns are binary, and only the restrictions must be satisfied, is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.

If some decision variables are not discrete, the problem is known as a mixed-integer programming problem.

Simplex algorithm
In mathematical optimization, Dantzig's simplex algorithm (or simplex method) is an algorithm for linear programming.

The name of the algorithm is derived from the concept of a simplex and was suggested by T. S. Motzkin. Simplices are not actually used in the method, but one interpretation of it is that it operates on simplicial cones, and these become proper simplices with an additional constraint. The simplicial cones in question are the corners (i.e., the neighborhoods of the vertices) of a geometric object called a polytope. The shape of this polytope is defined by the constraints applied to the objective function.
Touchwood Hills Post Provincial Park
Touchwood Hills Post Provincial Park is the location of a former Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) fur trading post that existed from 1879 to 1909 in the Touchwood Uplands of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. In 1986, the site was designated a provincial park. It is located along Highway 15 in the RM of Kellross No. 247, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Lestock and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Punnichy.

The park is 6.76 hectares (16.7 acres) in size and consists of cellar depressions and other archaeological remains from the historic post, including the remnants of the marks left by Red River carts on this segment of the Carlton Trail. There is also a plaque and concrete markers outlining the locations of the original buildings. It is a day-use site only as there are only picnic tables and no other services. Another notable fur trading post, 
Last Mountain House, is located 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the west on Last Mountain Lake.

Lestock, Saskatchewan
Lestock is a special service area within the Rural Municipality of Kellross No. 247, Saskatchewan, Canada, that held village status prior to September 2017. Lestock had a population of 95 in the 2016 Canada Census, a -24.0% decline from 125 in the 2011 Canada Census.

The community was named after John Lestock Reid, a surveyor for the railway.
Tootsie Pop
A Tootsie Pop (also called a Tootsie Roll Pop, and known in Latin America as a Tutsi Chupa Pop) is a hard candy lollipop filled with a chocolate-flavored chewy Tootsie Roll candy. They were invented in 1931 by an employee of The Sweets Company of America. Tootsie Rolls had themselves been invented in 1896 by Leo Hirschfield. The company changed its name to Tootsie Roll Industries in 1969.
The candy made its debut in 1931 and since then various flavors have been introduced. The idea came to be when a man who worked at The Sweets Company of America licked his daughter's lollipop at the same time he was chewing his Tootsie Roll. He loved the idea and pitched it to everyone at the next snack ideas meeting.

In 2002, 60 million Tootsie Rolls and 20 million Tootsie Pops were produced every day.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
Karuri
Karuri is a town in Kiambu County. The town hosts a town council.

The Council borders the city of Nairobi to the south for about 20 km from Nairobi City, Kikuyu Town Council to the west, Limuru Municipal Council to the north and Kiambu Municipal Council to the east. It covers an area of 46 km2. with a population of 194,342 (2019 census).

The council's main town, Karuri, was established as a meeting centre in the pre-colonial era where Kikuyu paramount chiefs would meet for deliberations. The town derives its name from the principal chief Karuri wa Gakure who would travel from Tuthu in the slopes of Aberdare Range to meet his counterparts like Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu.

Ruaka, Kiambu County
Ruaka is a town in Kiambu County, Kenya. The town is located north west of Nairobi, at the western end of the Northern Bypass along Limuru Road. Ruaka is part of the larger Nairobi Metropolitan Conurbation. The town formed part of the former Karuri Town Council local authority area.

Two Rivers Mall, in Nairobi County, is close  to Ruaka.
Ntomo Safaris - Ruaka
Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station
Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station is a stage station in the western foothills of the Laguna Mountains, in northern San Diego County, California. It is located on State Route 79, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Warner Springs and Warner's Ranch. The station was built on the site of Camp Wright, an 1860s Civil War outpost.

California State Route 79
State Route 79 (SR 79) is an approximately 91-mile (146 km) north-south state highway in the U.S. state of California. The highway's southern terminus is at Interstate 8 (I-8) at the Descanso Junction in San Diego County. Its northern terminus is at Interstate 10 (I-10) in the city of Beaumont in Riverside County. In San Diego County, SR 79 connects with Lake Cuyamaca and Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, the communities of Julian and Warner Springs. In Riverside County, the highway runs through the cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Hemet, and San Jacinto before reaching Beaumont. Though some maps and signs may still mark SR 79 as continuous through the cities of Temecula and San Jacinto, control of segments within those cities were relinquished to those local jurisdictions and are thus no longer officially part of the state highway system.
2022 Qatar ExxonMobil Open
The 2022 Qatar Open (also known as 2022 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons) was the 30th edition of the Qatar Open, a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 of the 2022 ATP Tour, and took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar from 14 February  until 19 February 2022. Second-seeded Roberto Bautista Agut won the singles title.

ATP Qatar Open
The Qatar Open, known as the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, is a professional tennis ATP 500 tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is held annually in January at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, since 1993. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series on the ATP Tour. In 2025, the tournament was upgraded to an ATP 500-level event.
Animal Welfare (journal)
Animal Welfare is a Gold open access, peer-reviewed scientific journal covering studies on the welfare of animals, whether in captivity (e.g. on farms, in laboratories, zoos and as companions) or in the wild. Its scope includes animal welfare science, animal cognition, ethology, behavioural ecology, evolution of behaviour, sociobiology, behavioural physiology, population biology, neurophysiology and abnormal behaviour. It was established in 1992 and is owned by the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare and published by Cambridge University Press. The editors-in-chief are Birte L. Nielsen (Universities Federation for Animal Welfare) and Bas Rodenburg (Utrecht University).

Animal cognition
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology;  the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used. Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition.

Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards, crocodilians, snakes, and turtles), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).
Gruber Mountains
The Gruber Mountains (German: Otto-von-Gruber-Gebirge) are a small group of mountains consisting of a main massif and several rocky outliers, forming the northeast portion of the Wohlthat Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (GerAE), 1938–39, under Alfred Ritscher. The mountains were remapped by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, who named them for Otto von Gruber, the German cartographer who compiled maps of this area from air photos taken by the GerAE. This feature is not to be confused with "Gruber-Berge," an unidentified toponym applied by the GerAE in northern the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains.

Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains
The Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains (German: Mühlig-Hofmann-Gebirge) is a major group of associated mountain features extending east to west for 100 km (62 mi) between the Gjelsvik Mountains and the Orvin Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 3,148 metres (10,328 ft), the massive Jøkulkyrkja Mountain forms the highest point in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains.
USS Admiral W. L. Capps
USS Admiral W. L. Capps (AP-121), an Admiral W. S. Benson-class transport, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Rear Admiral Washington L. Capps (1864–1935). Unusually, the first — USS Capps (DD-550) — served concurrently with the Admiral W. L. Capps. Via a transfer to the United States Army and then back to the Navy, the ship was renamed USNS General Hugh J. Gaffey (T-AP-121), making her the only ship to be named for Hugh Joseph Gaffey.

P2 transport
The P2 transport was a United States Maritime Commission design for a passenger ship which could be readily converted into a troop transport. Three variants of the design were built, the P2-SE2-R1 (Admirals), P2-S2-R2 (Generals), and P2-SE2-R3 (Presidents).
West Side, Lewis
The West Side (Scottish Gaelic: An Taobh Siar) is the name used for the (predominantly Gaelic-speaking) settlements along the NW coast of the Isle of Lewis between Dell in Ness to the NE and Shawbost to the SW.

The area is about 25 km long and is served by the A857 and A858 roads.

The settlements on the West Side are: (from the NE) Galson/Gabhsann, Melbost/Mealabost, Borve/Buirgh, Shader/Siadar, Barvas/Barabhas, Brue/Brù, Arnol/Àrnoil, Bragar/Bhràdhagair, and Shawbost/Siabost.

58°20′57″N 6°31′11″W﻿ / ﻿58.34917°N 6.51972°W﻿ / 58.34917; -6.51972

Ness, Lewis
Ness (Scottish Gaelic: Nis) is the northernmost part of the Isle of Lewis, a community consisting of about 16 villages, including Lionel, Habost, Swainbost, Cross, North and South Dell, Cross Skigersta, Skigersta, Eorodale, Adabroc, Port of Ness, Knockaird, Fivepenny and Eoropie. It was the most north-westerly community in the European Union, when the United Kingdom was a member. Its most northerly point is the Butt of Lewis. The name Ness derives from the old Norse for headland and many of the other place names in the area also have a Norse origin.
Sikorsky S-9
The Sikorsky S-9 Kruglyj (Rounded One) was a Russian single engine prototype aircraft completed in the spring of 1913 by the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works while Igor Sikorsky was the chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division.

Rotary engine
The rotary engine is an early type of internal combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration. The engine's crankshaft remained stationary in operation, while the entire crankcase and its attached cylinders rotated around it as a unit. Its main application was in aviation, although it also saw use in a few early motorcycles and automobiles.

This type of engine was widely used as an alternative to conventional inline engines (straight or V) during World War I and the years immediately preceding that conflict. It has been described as "a very efficient solution to the problems of power output, weight, and reliability".

By the early 1920s, the inherent limitations of this type of engine had rendered it obsolete.
Phyllorhinichthys
Phyllorhinichthys is a genus of dreamers. Like other oneirodids, they are small, bathypelagic fish with bioluminescent lures. Phyllorhinichthys is unique amongst the deep-sea anglerfish in having a pair of fleshy, leaf-like structures on its snout.

Oneirodidae
Oneirodidae, the dreamers are a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. These fishes are deepwater fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and it is the most diverse family of fishes in the bathypelagic zone.
Ancient art
Ancient art refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with different forms of writing, such as those of China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The art of pre-literate societies is normally referred to as prehistoric art and is not covered by the scope of the ancient era. Furthermore, although some pre-Columbian cultures developed writing in the centuries preceding the European discovery of the Americas, these advancements are, on grounds of dating, largely covered with the dedicated topic of pre-Columbian art and associated sub-topics, such as Maya art, Aztec art, and Olmec art.

Winged genie
Winged genie is the conventional term for a recurring motif in the iconography of Assyrian sculpture.
Winged genies are usually bearded male figures sporting birds' wings. The Genii are a reappearing trait in ancient Assyrian art, and are displayed most prominently in palaces or places of royalty.  The two most notable places where the genies existed were Ashurnasirpal II’s palace Kalhu, and Sargon II’s palace Dur-Sharrukin.
1989 Mount Carmel forest fire
The Mount Carmel Forest Fire was a forest fire that occurred between 19 and 22 September 1989 on Mount Carmel in northern Israel and was one of the largest forest fires in Israel, the largest being the 2010 Mount Carmel forest fire.

The fire extended over 6,000 dunams (600 ha; 1,500 acres), of which 3,200 dunams (320 ha; 790 acres) were natural forest areas of Aleppo pine which were part of the Carmel National Park and Nature Reserve, causing considerable damage to the flora and wildlife.

Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel (Hebrew: הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, romanized: Har haKarmel; Arabic: جبل الكرمل, romanized: Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias (Arabic: جبل مار إلياس, romanized: Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit. 'Mount Saint Elias/Elijah'; Hebrew: הַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ אֵלִיָּהוּ, romanized: Har haQadosh Eliyahu), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes.
Mindset List
The Mindset List is an annual compilation of the experiences that shape the worldview (or “mindset”) of students about 18 years old and entering college and, to a lesser extent, adulthood. It was published by Beloit College in Beloit, Wisconsin from 1998 to 2018, when it moved to the auspices of Marist University (then Marist College) in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Marist University
Marist University (formerly Marist College before 2025) is a private university in Poughkeepsie Town, New York, United States. Marist was founded by the Marist Brothers, a Catholic religious institute, in 1905 to prepare brothers for their vocations as educators. In 1929, Marist became accredited by the state to offer a wider range of degrees in the arts and sciences. Marist's 180-acre main campus overlooks the Hudson River. Marist has a branch campus in Florence, Italy. A member of NCAA Division I, Marist sponsors 23 collegiate sports. In 2003 the Catholic Church declared Marist a secular institution.
It Happened Here
It Happened Here (also known as It Happened Here: The Story of Hitler's England) is a 1964 British black-and-white war film written, produced and directed by Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo, who began work on the film as teenagers. The film's largely amateur and independent production took some eight years, using volunteer actors with some support from professional filmmakers.

It Happened Here shows an alternative history in which the United Kingdom has been invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II. The plot follows the experiences of an Irish nurse working in England, who encounters people who believe collaboration with the invaders is for the best, while others are involved in the resistance movement against the occupiers and their local collaborators. The film's title is an allusion to Sinclair Lewis's 1935 novel It Can't Happen Here.

International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg
The Mannheim-Heidelberg International Film Festival (German: Internationales Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg), often referred to by the German-language initialism IFFMH, is an annual film festival established in 1952 hosted jointly by the cities of Mannheim and Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg, the southwest region of Germany.

The festival focuses on arthouse and auteur cinema produced by international newcomer directors, and historically it served as a springboard for many experimental filmmakers from cinemas that have been overlooked by Western audiences. It is the second-oldest film festival in Germany, behind only the Berlinale. Originally held in Mannheim, since 1994 is co-hosted by Mannheim and Heidelberg, two neighboring cities which are less than 20 kilometers away from each other. The festival usually takes places in October or November.

The last edition, the 70th IFFMH, was held in November 2021, and the next edition is scheduled to take place on 17–27 November 2022.
Fire-control system
A fire-control system (FCS) is an integrated system of components that assists a gunner in executing tasks needed to achieve accurate firing by means of full or semi automation. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.

Toss bombing
Toss bombing (sometimes known as loft bombing, and by the U.S. Air Force as the Low Altitude Bombing System, or LABS) is a method of bombing where the attacking aircraft pulls upward when releasing its bomb load to compensate for the weapons’ gravity drop in flight. Starting the payload’s ballistic path with an upward vector buys additional time.

The purpose of toss bombing is to allow an aircraft to bomb a target without flying directly over it. The technique both avoids overflying a heavily defended target and distances the attacking aircraft from the blast effects of either conventional or nuclear weapons.
SA's Got Talent season 5
In 2014 SA's Got Talent returned for another season. The season started on 7 September. Tatz remained the host. It has been announced that Shado is also staying, but Ian and Kabelo will leave. Lalla Hirayama and DJ Fresh are joined the judging panel this year.

SA's Got Talent
SA's Got Talent (also known as South Africa's Got Talent or shorten to SAGT) was a South African television show that aired on e.tv and part of the Got Talent series. It was presented by Mo Mahlangu, popularly known as Tol Ass Mo. Singers, dancers, comedians, variety acts, and other performers competed against each other for audience support. The winner of each series received R500,000 (R250,000 in Seasons 1 to 5). The first series of the talent show began on 1 October 2009 and was broadcast weekly with a live semi-finals and final on 12 November 2009.