hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electronic signatures and law
Many states and legal jurisdictions have adopted legislation concerning the validity and effects of electronic signatures, including cryptographic digital signatures. Article 7 of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's Model Law on Electronic Commerce addresses electronic signatures, providing wording intended to harmonise legal provisions in their field in order to promote international trade, and the Commission's Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001) is a strong influence in this field.

Examples of legislation by state or jurisdiction include:

Uniform Electronic Transactions Act
The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) is one of the several United States Uniform Acts proposed by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL). Forty-nine states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have adopted the UETA.  Its purpose is to harmonize state laws concerning retention of paper records (especially checks) and the validity of electronic signatures.
Okoro Idozuka
Okoro Idozuka// ⓘ, born Mazi Okoli Idozuka Listenⓘ, was a 19th-century leader and warrior in the Arondizuogu area of what is now Nigeria. He was a senior advisor to the founder of Ndiakunwanta Uno Arondizuogu village and also a leader in his own right,  expanding Arondizuogu's boundaries. He was a wealthy slave trader like Izuogu Mgbokpo.

Izuogu Mgbokpo
Chief Izuogu Mgbokpo Listenⓘ of  Amankwu, Arochukwu was an 18th-century warrior in the Aro Confederacy. He was a slave trader and commander who fought his most famous battle on Ikpa Ora. Chief Izuogu and his ally, Chief Iheme, were the founders of the kingdom of Arondizuogu, of which Chief Izuogu is believed to be the first king. It is said he founded the town by war and settled in a place very close to Ikpa Ora. He remains a hero to the Aro people.
Burning Flower
Burning Flower (花燃ゆ, Hanamoyu) is a 2015 Japanese historical drama television series, the 54th NHK taiga drama. The series stars Mao Inoue as Sugi Fumi, a sister of Meiji Restoration scholar Yoshida Shōin. It premiered on January 4, 2015, and ended on December 13, 2015.

Chōshū Domain
The Chōshū Domain (長州藩, Chōshū-han), also known as the Hagi Domain (萩藩, Hagi-han), was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.

The Chōshū Domain was based at Hagi Castle in Nagato Province, in the modern city of Hagi, located in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The Chōshū Domain was ruled for its existence by the tozama daimyō of the Mōri, whose branches also ruled the neighboring Chōfu and Kiyosue domains and was assessed under the Kokudaka system with peak value of 369,000 koku. The Chōshū Domain was the most prominent anti-Tokugawa domain and formed the Satchō Alliance with the rival Satsuma Domain during the Meiji Restoration, becoming instrumental in the establishment of the Empire of Japan and the Meiji oligarchy. The Chōshū Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Kappa Lyrae
κ Lyrae, Latinized as Kappa Lyrae, is a solitary star in the northern constellation of Lyra, near the constellation border with Hercules. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.33. This object is located approximately 252 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is moving closer with a radial velocity of −24 km/s.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K2-IIIabCN0.5, with the suffix notation indicating a mild underabundance of cyanogen. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, the star has cooled and expanded. It now has 18 times the Sun's girth and is radiating 127 times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 4,638 K. κ Lyrae is a red clump giant, which means it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through core helium fusion. It is a suspected small amplitude variable star.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships took place on March 18 and 19, 2016.

All eyes were on Bralon Taplin, who had run the three fastest times of the year, including a win in the semifinals. He led from the break, closely followed by defending champion Pavel Maslák. For 350 metres, Taplin maintained his lead, but Maslák made his move with just 50 metres to go. In a few strides, Taplin was overtaken. Further back, Abdalelah Haroun executed a similar move, overtaking Deon Lendore. Taplin, exhausted, faded quickly. Haroun made a strong push to close the gap on Maslák but fell just short, finishing second. Maslák won with a time of 45.44, while Haroun claimed silver and Lendore took bronze.

2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 16th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held between March 17 and 20, 2016 in Portland, Oregon, United States.

The event did not feature Russia. Following a WADA investigation into widespread and institutional doping practices in Russian athletics, the IAAF provisionally suspended Russia's membership of the organisation in November 2015, effectively excluding the country both from hosting events and entering competitions.

Russia's effective exclusion from the tournament was confirmed in November 2015 when it was announced by IAAF that a decision over lifting its provisional suspension from international athletics would not be taken until the end of March at the earliest.
Marziyya Davudova
Marziyya Yusuf gizi Davudova (8 December 1901 – 6 January 1962) was a Soviet Azerbaijani, Astrakhan Tatar actress who starred in theatre and silent film. She was awarded the People's Artist of the USSR (1949).

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Gladiolus communis
Gladiolus communis, the eastern gladiolus, or common corn-flag, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae, native to temperate northern Africa, western Asia and southern Europe, from the Mediterranean to the Caucasus, and widely naturalised in frost-free locations elsewhere – such as coastal parts of the southwestern British Isles.

It is a vigorous cormous herbaceous perennial growing to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall with linear leaves and bright pink flowers in spring. Two subspecies are identified:

G. communis subsp. communis

G. communis subsp. byzantinus (Mill.) A. P. Ham.

In cultivation the latter has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

G. communis subsp. byzantinus

Gladiolus × byzantinus
Gladiolus × byzantinus (syn. Gladiolus communis subsp. byzantinus), the eastern gladiolus, Byzantine gladiolus, or Byzantine sword-lily, is a naturally occurring hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. Its parents are Gladiolus dubius and Gladiolus italicus. In spite of its scientific and common names, it is native to the western Mediterranean region, and it has been introduced to the British Isles, and to Tasmania. A perennial arising from a corm and reaching 90 cm (35 in), it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit under its synonym Gladiolus communis subsp. byzantinus.
Nordhausen station
Nordhausen station is a railway junction in the north of the German state of Thuringia and the main station in the city of Nordhausen. It is located just south of the city centre in the valley of the Zorge.

Zorge (river)
The Zorge is a tributary of the Helme in central Germany. It is about 40 km (25 mi) long and flows from the state of Lower Saxony into Thuringia. In many sources the name Zorge is translated as "wild river".
Gerard d'Erlanger
Baron Sir Gerard John Regis Leo d'Erlanger, CBE (1906–1962) was a merchant banker in London (partner of Erlanger Ltd. and Myers & Co) and aviation enthusiast.

Baron d'Erlanger was the second son of Emile Beaumont Baron d’Erlanger (1866–1939), banker and musician, and his wife Catherine, Baroness d'Erlanger, née Catherine Robert d'Aqueria de Rochegude. (See: Erlanger family tree). His daughter, Mary Caroline d'Erlanger, married Winston Churchill, the grandson of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill.

He helped form British Airways and became the chairman of the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). At the outset of the Second World War, he successfully lobbied for creation of the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) which he then commanded. In the 1943 New Year Honours, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to the ATA.

Winston Churchill (1940–2010)
Winston Spencer Churchill (10 October 1940 – 2 March 2010), generally known as Winston Churchill, was an English Conservative politician and a grandson of the British prime minister of the same name. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill MP, in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP and his mother Pamela Harriman was the United States Ambassador to France.
ActiveCampaign
ActiveCampaign is a Chicago-based software company that provides a cloud-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform for customer experience automation. Its tools support autonomous marketing workflows, CRM, email marketing, SMS marketing, and WhatsApp messaging.

Tiger Global Management
Tiger Global Management, LLC (often referred to as Tiger Global and formerly known as Tiger Technology) is an American investment firm founded by Chase Coleman III, a former Tiger Management employee under Julian Robertson, in March 2001. It mainly focuses on internet, software, consumer, and financial technology companies.
Word problem (mathematics education)
In mathematics education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation. As most word problems involve a narrative of some sort, they are sometimes referred to as story problems and may vary in the amount of technical language used.

Worksheet
A worksheet, in the word's original meaning,  is a sheet of paper on which one performs work. They come in many forms, most commonly associated with children's school work assignments, tax forms, and accounting or other business environments. Software is increasingly taking over the paper-based worksheet.

It can be a printed page that a student completes with a writing instrument.  No other materials are needed. In education, a worksheet may have questions for students and places to record answers.

In accounting, a worksheet is, or was, a sheet of ruled paper with rows and columns on which an accountant could record information or perform calculations. These are often called columnar pads, and typically green-tinted.

In office software, spreadsheet software presents, on a computer monitor, a user interface that resembles one or more paper accounting worksheets.
Mireya González
Mireya González Álvarez (born July 18, 1991, in León) is a Spanish handballer who plays as a right back for the Romanian club HC Dunărea Brăila and the Spanish national team.

Among her most important achievements are winning the World Championship runner-up title in 2019 with the Spanish team and winning all three European competitions: The Women's EHF Champions League, EHF Cup, and EHF Challenge Cup.

2019 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 24th event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Japan from 30 November to 15 December 2019.

The Netherlands won their first title after defeating Spain in the final. The final was decided on a controversial penalty decision, when Ainhoa Hernandez blocked the Dutch goalkeeper's pass stopping a potential counter with seconds to go.
Montebello, Antioquia
Montebello is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Located at an elevation of 2,350 m (7,710 ft) above sea level, it is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia. It borders the municipality of El Retiro to the north, Fredonia and Santa Bárbara to the west, Abejorral to the south, and La Ceja and El Retiro to the east.

Retiro, Antioquia
El Retiro is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia, its population was 20,700 at the 2018 census.

The Lycée Français de Medellin, a French international school, has its campus in El Retiro.
Universal evolution
Universal evolution is a theory of evolution formulated by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Julian Huxley that describes the gradual development of the Universe from subatomic particles to human society, considered by Teilhard as the last stage.

Spiritual evolution
Spiritual evolution, also called higher evolution, is the idea that the mind or spirit, in analogy to biological evolution, collectively evolves from a simple form dominated by nature, to a higher form dominated by the spiritual or divine. It is differentiated from the "lower" or biological evolution.
Canada women's national under-17 soccer team
The Canada U-17 women's national soccer team (also known as Canada Under-17s or Canada U-17s) represents Canada in international soccer at this age level. They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association, the governing body for soccer in Canada.

2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
The 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup was the sixth edition of the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, the biennial international women's youth football championship contested by the under-17 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 2008.

The tournament was held in Uruguay from 13 November to 1 December 2018. North Korea were the defending champions but were eliminated by Spain in the quarter-finals.

The final took place at the Estadio Charrúa, Montevideo between Spain and Mexico a rematch from the group stage in 2016. Spain won their first title, beating Mexico 2–1.
Pemulwuy, New South Wales
Pemulwuy is a suburb in Greater Western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pemulwuy is located 30 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Cumberland Council. Pemulwuy is home to the highest point between the Blue Mountains and Sydney, the summit of Prospect Hill.

The quarrying of blue metal, basalt and dolerite was abundant in the area in the past two centuries.  
Pemulwuy, formerly part of Prospect, is a relatively new suburb, with development beginning in 2004 on the site of a former Boral quarry and CSIRO sites.

Philip Gidley King
Captain Philip Gidley King (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of New South Wales from 1800 to 1806. When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detailed to colonise Norfolk Island for defence and foraging purposes. As Governor of New South Wales, he helped develop livestock farming, whaling and mining, built many schools and launched the colony's first newspaper. But conflicts with the military wore down his spirit, and they were able to force his resignation. King Street in the Sydney CBD is named in his honour.
Jonathan Allen (artist)
Jonathan Allen (born 1966) is a visual artist, writer, and magician based in London. His performance persona "Tommy Angel", is a fictitious evangelist and magician satirising the genre of Gospel Magic, who Allen portrays in a variety of media including performance, photography, video, and writing.

De La Warr Pavilion
The De La Warr Pavilion is a grade I listed building, located on the seafront at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, on the south coast of England.

The Modernist and International Style building was designed by the architects Erich Mendelsohn and Serge Chermayeff and constructed in 1935. It is sometimes claimed to be the first major Modernist public building in Britain.

In 2005, after an extensive restoration, the De La Warr Pavilion reopened as a contemporary arts centre, encompassing one of the largest galleries on the south coast of England.

On 18 February 2022, the bandstand, added early in the 21st century, was destroyed by strong winds from Storm Eunice.
Somersham
Somersham is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Somersham lies approximately 9 miles (14 km) east of Huntingdon and 4 miles (6 km) north of St Ives. Somersham is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

There has been a settlement in this corner of the country for at least 2,500 years and probably much longer than that. The village may not be full of ancient buildings, but it possesses a rich heritage of recorded history. Somersham lies on the Greenwich meridian line. There is a marker on the pavement in the High Street denoting the location of the October 1884 Greenwich Prime Zero meridian line.

There was once a railway station at Somersham connecting it to the towns of March and St Ives, as well as a short branch to Ramsey.

March, Cambridgeshire
March is a Fenland market town and civil parish in the Isle of Ely area of Cambridgeshire, England. It was the county town of the Isle of Ely which was a separate administrative county from 1889 to 1965. The administrative centre of Fenland District Council is located in the town.

The town grew by becoming an important railway centre. Like many Fenland towns, March was once an island surrounded by marshes. It occupied the second largest "island" in the Great Level. As the land was drained, the town grew and prospered as a trading and religious centre. It was also a minor port before becoming, in more recent times, a market town and an administrative and railway centre. March is situated on the banks of the navigable old course of the River Nene, today mainly used by pleasure boats.
Ion source
An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.

Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms. In this broad and potentially archaic sense, water (H2O) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. In covalent compounds, it implies hydrogen is attached to a less electronegative element. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed.

Almost all of the elements up to Cf form binary compounds with hydrogen, the exceptions being He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Pm, Rn, Fr, and Ra. Exotic molecules such as positronium hydride have also been made.
Monarchy in ancient India
Monarchy was the predominant form of government in India until the not-too-distant past. Monarchy in ancient India was ruled by a King who functioned as its protector, a role which involved both secular and religious power. The meaning and significance of kingship changed dramatically between the Vedic and Later Vedic period, and underwent further development under the times of the Jain and Buddhist rulers. Although there is evidence that kingship was not always hereditary during the Vedic and into the Later Vedic period, by the time of composition of the Brāhmaṇa literature, traces of elective kingship had already begun to disappear.

Dvija
Dvija (Sanskrit: द्विज) means "twice-born". The concept is premised on the belief that a person is first born physically and at a later date is born for a second time spiritually, usually when he undergoes the rite of passage that initiates him into a school for Vedic studies. The term also refers to members of the three varnas in the traditional Hindu social system, or social classes — the Brahmins (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors ), and Vaishyas (farmers, herders and merchants) — whose samskara of the Upanayana initiation was regarded as a second or spiritual birth.

The word Dvija is neither found in any Vedas and Upanishads, nor is it found in any Vedanga literature such as the Shrauta-sutras or Grihya-sutras. The word scarcely appears in Dharmasutras literature. Increasing mentions of it appear in Dharmasastras text of mid to late 1st-millennium CE texts. The presence of the word Dvija is a marker that the text is likely a medieval era Indian text.
No Ordinary Hero: The SuperDeafy Movie
No Ordinary Hero: The SuperDeafy Movie is a 2013 American drama film directed by Troy Kotsur and produced by Douglas Matejka and Hilari Scarl, with music score by H. Scott Salinas. The film stars John Maucere as Tony Kane/SuperDeafy and Zane Hencker as Jacob Lang. The film tells the story of a deaf actor who portrays a superhero on a children's television show and wants to help a young deaf boy who gets bullied at school. The film is open captioned in English.

Deaf culture
Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label,  especially within the culture, the word deaf is often written with a capital D and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. When used as a label for the audiological condition, it is written with a lower case d. Carl G. Croneberg was among the first to discuss analogies between Deaf and hearing cultures in his appendices C and D of the 1965 Dictionary of American Sign Language.
Francisco Higuera
Francisco Higuera Fernández (born 30 January 1965) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played mostly as an attacking midfielder – sometimes, he could operate as a forward.

Nicknamed Paquete, he appeared in 367 La Liga games over 12 seasons (76 goals), in representation of Mallorca and Zaragoza.

1994–95 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
The 1994–95 season of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was won by Zaragoza in the final against defending champions Arsenal, the Spanish club winning thanks to a last-minute goal from midfielder Nayim with a shot from 40 yards. Moldova joined the competition for the first time. It was the first season under a new name as the tournament used to be known as the European Cup Winners' Cup.