hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pearl Harbor Survivors Association
The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally.

The PHSA, which was incorporated in the State of Missouri, held Federal Charter 99-119 under Title 36 of the United States Code. The PHSA National Insignia bearing the name Pearl Harbor Survivors Association was registered at the U.S. Patent Office. The PHSA's motto read:

Congressional charter
A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress has issued corporate charters since 1791 and the laws that issue them are codified in Title 36 of the United States Code. The first charter issued by Congress was for the First Bank of the United States.

The relationship between Congress and an organization so recognized is largely symbolic, and is intended to lend the organization the legitimacy of being officially sanctioned by the U.S. government. Congress does not oversee or supervise organizations it has so chartered, aside from receiving a yearly financial statement.
4 mm scale
4 mm scale is the most popular model railway scale used in the United Kingdom. The term refers to the use of 4 millimeters on the model equating to a distance of 1 foot (305 mm) on the prototype (1:76.2). It is also used for military modelling.

For historical reasons, a number of different standards are employed.

Rail transport modelling scales
Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Scales may be expressed as a numeric ratio (e.g. 1/87 or 1:87) or as letters defined in rail transport modelling standards (e.g. G, O, S, OO, HO, TT, N, and Z.) The majority of commercial model railway equipment manufacturers base their offerings on Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen (NEM) or National Model Railroad Association (NMRA) standards in most popular scales.
Mary Louise Hamilton, Duchess of Montrose
Mary Louise Hamilton, Duchess of Montrose (1 November 1884 – 21 February 1957) was a Scottish noblewoman, the only daughter of William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton and Lady Mary Louise Montagu. By marriage to James Graham, 6th Duke of Montrose, she was Duchess of Montrose.

Buchanan Castle
Buchanan Castle is a ruined castle in Stirlingshire, Scotland, located 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the village of Drymen. The house was commissioned by the 4th Duke of Montrose and built in 1852–1858 as a home for the Montrose family, serving as such until 1925. It was built as a replacement for Buchanan Auld House, which is located 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the northwest but was destroyed in a fire in 1852. The old house and surrounding lands had been the property of the Clan Buchanan but passed to the Clan Graham in the late 17th century. The roof of the building was removed in 1954 and the condition of the house has since deteriorated, but it remains the seat of the Clan Graham.
Anduril YFQ-44
The Anduril YFQ-44, internally named "Fury", is an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) currently under development by Anduril Industries. The aircraft is one of the winning designs for Increment I of the United States Air Force's Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) program and is intended to augment crewed fighter aircraft such as the F-15EX Eagle II, F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning, and the planned Boeing F-47 fighter for air-to-air missions through manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T).

Williams FJ44
The Williams FJ44 is a family of small, two-spool, turbofan engines produced by Williams International for the light business jet market. Until the recent boom in the very light jet market, the FJ44 was one of the smallest turbofans available for civilian applications.  Although a Williams design, Rolls-Royce was brought into the project at an early stage to design, develop, and manufacture an air-cooled high-pressure (HP) turbine for the engine. The FJ44 first flew on July 12, 1988 on the Scaled Composites/Beechcraft Triumph aircraft.

The Williams FJ33 is a newer, smaller engine based on the basic FJ44 design.
Eielsen Synod
The Eielsen Synod (originally named the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America) was a Lutheran church body. It was founded in 1846 at Jefferson Prairie Settlement, Wisconsin, by a group of Haugean Lutherans led by Elling Eielsen, the first Norwegian Lutheran minister in the United States.

French Lake Township, Wright County, Minnesota
French Lake Township is a township in Wright County, Minnesota, United States.  The unincorporated community of French Lake is located within French Lake Township.  The population was 1,130 at the 2000 census.

French Lake Township was organized in 1865, and named after French Lake.
Geopora sumneriana
Geopora sumneriana is a species of European fungus belonging to the family Pyronemataceae.

This fungus forms a rounded brown, roughly hairy ascocarp underground. This fruit body remains subterranean for most of the year but breaks the surface in the spring to form a cream-coloured cup (apothecium) up to 7 cm across and 5 cm tall. This species occurs in small groups and is exclusively found associated with cedar trees.

Pyronemataceae
The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family,  and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.
Attornment
Attornment (from French tourner, "to turn"), in English real property law, is the acknowledgment of a new lord by the tenant on the alienation of land. Under the feudal system, the relations of landlord and tenant were to a certain extent reciprocal. So it was considered unreasonable to the tenant to subject him to a new lord without his own approval, and it thus came about that alienation could not take place without the consent of the tenant. Attornment was also extended to all cases of lessees for life or for years. The necessity for attornment was abolished by the Administration of Justice Act 1705.

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
St. Mary's Church, Meenangadi
E. A. E St. Mary's Soonoro Syriac Orthodox Church, Meenangadi (Malayalam: സെന്‍റ് മേരീസ് 'സൂനോറോ' തീര്‍ത്ഥാടന കേന്ദ്രം മീനങ്ങാടി), is a Marian Pilgrim center of the Syriac Orthodox Church located at Meenangadi in Kerala, India. The church is under E.A.E Arch Diocese, (Malayalam: പൗരസ്ത്യ സുവിശേഷ സമാജം) the first missionary association of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and is currently under the direct control of Ignatius Aphrem II, Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church. In 2006, the church was elevated to the status of "Marian Pilgrim Centre", and in 2018, it celebrated its diamond jubilee. It is the first church to adopt the 8 Day Lent in Malabar Region.

Geevarghese Gregorios of Perumpally
Geevarghese Gregorios (Perumpally Thirumeni) (10 October 1933 – 22 February 1999) was a Syriac Orthodox bishop who served as the de facto 23rd Malankara Metropolitan of the Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church, President of the Episcopal Synod of the Church in India, President of the Synod of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church and the Metropolitan of Cochin, Kottayam, Kollam, Niranam and Thumpamon Dioceses.
Baba Shamalek
Baba Shamalek (Persian: باباشملك, also Romanized as Bābā Shamalek) is a village in Maraveh Tappeh Rural District, in the Central District of Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 325, in 59 families.

Maraveh Tappeh Rural District
Maraveh Tappeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان مراوه تپه) is in the Central District of Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Suzesh. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Maraveh Tappeh.
2018 Three Days of Bruges–De Panne
The 2018 Three Days of De Panne (Dutch: Driedaagse De Panne–Koksijde) was the 42nd edition of the Three Days of De Panne cycle race. The race took place on 21 March 2018, between Bruges and De Panne. It was part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour calendar in category 1.HC. The race was won by Elia Viviani.

2018 UCI Europe Tour
The 2018 UCI Europe Tour was the fourteenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2018 season began on 25 January 2018 with the Trofeo Porreres, Felanitx, Ses Salines, Campos and ended on 16 October 2018 with the Nationale Sluitingsprijs.

French rider Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis), who scored 1,124 points in the 2017 edition, is the defending champion from the 2017 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
German submarine U-109 (1940)
The German submarine U-109 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She conducted nine war-patrols, sinking 12 ships and damaging one. All but one of these were during the six patrols she carried out under the command of Heinrich Bleichrodt.

On 4 May 1943, she was sunk with all hands by a B-24 Liberator, operated by 86 Squadron RAF.

Wolfpack West
West was a wolfpack of German U-boats that operated during the World War II Battle of the Atlantic from 8 May 1941 to 20 June 1941.

This wolfpack was responsible for sinking 33 ships (191,414 gross register tons (GRT)) and damaging a further four ships (33,448 GRT), making it one of the most successful wolfpacks of World War II.
FC Zakarpattia-2 Uzhhorod
FC Zakarpattia-2 Uzhhorod was a Ukrainian football team based in Uzhhorod, Ukraine. The club had been featured regularly in the Ukrainian Second Division and served as a junior team for the FC Zakarpattia Uzhhorod franchise. Like most tributary teams, the best players are sent up to the senior team, meanwhile developing other players for further call-ups.

FC Hoverla Uzhhorod
Football Club Hoverla Uzhhorod (Ukrainian: Футбольний Клуб "Говерла" Ужгород [ɦoˈwɛrlɐ ˈuʒɦorod]) was a Ukrainian professional football club based in Uzhhorod. Following the end of the 2015–16 season it was expelled from the Ukrainian Premier League because of debts to (current and former) players. It then ceased to exist.
Shenma
Shenma Inc. (Chinese: 神马搜索; pinyin: Shénmǎ Sōusuǒ; lit. 'god horse search') is a "mobile-first" search engine for China that was launched in April 2014. It is a joint venture between Alibaba Group and UCWeb.

UC Browser
UC Browser is a  web browser developed by mobile internet company UCWeb, a subsidiary of the Alibaba Group. It was the most popular mobile browser in India, Indonesia, and Mali, as well as the second-most popular one in China as of 2017. Its world-wide browser share as of November 2025 is 0.59% (and 1.07% on smartphones) according to StatCounter.

Originally launched in April 2004 as a Java-only application, it was subsequently made available on a number of platforms including Android, iOS, BlackBerry OS, Java ME, Symbian, Windows Phone, and Microsoft Windows. As of 2020, Android is the only operating system still supported by the browser.

Shortly after the China–India skirmishes started, the browser became the subject of privacy and security controversies and was banned in India on 29 June 2020.
Solid Converter PDF
Solid Converter PDF is document reconstruction software from Solid Documents which converts PDF files to editable formats.  Originally released for the Microsoft Windows operating system, a Mac OS X version was released in 2010. The current versions are Solid Converter PDF 9.0 for Windows and Solid PDF to Word for Mac 2.1. The same technology used by the product's Solid Framework SDK is licensed by Adobe for Acrobat X.

Adobe Acrobat
Adobe Acrobat is a family of application software and web services developed by Adobe Inc. to view, create, manipulate, print and manage Portable Document Format (PDF) files.

The family comprises Acrobat Reader (formerly Reader), Acrobat (formerly Exchange) and Acrobat.com. The basic Acrobat Reader, available for several desktop and mobile platforms, is freeware; it supports viewing, printing, scaling or resizing and annotating of PDF files. Additional, "Premium", services are available on paid subscription. The commercial proprietary Acrobat, available for Microsoft Windows, macOS,  and mobile, can also create, edit, convert, digitally sign, encrypt, export and publish PDF files. Acrobat.com complements the family with a variety of enterprise content management and file hosting services.
Song of the Drifter
Song of the Drifter is a 1948 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by Frank H. Young. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Mildred Coles, William Ruhl, Marshall Reed and Patsy Moran. The film was released on January 17, 1948, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
André Fialho
André Fialho Mensurado (born April 7, 1994) is a Portuguese mixed martial artist who competes in the Welterweight division. He is the former UAE Warriors champion and has also competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), PFL, Bellator and LFA.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
2020 Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells
The 2020 Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament, and part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2020 WTA 125K series. It took place from March 2–8, 2020 in Indian Wells, United States.

Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells
The Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells is a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the WTA 125K series. It is held annually in Indian Wells, California, United States since 2018. The two American men and two American women with the most points in the series receive wild cards to their respective singles events at the Indian Wells Masters.
Brent Scowcroft
Brent Scowcroft (/ˈskoʊkrɒft/; March 19, 1925 – August 6, 2020) was a United States Air Force officer, and a two-time United States National Security Advisor, first under U.S. President Gerald Ford and then under George H. W. Bush. He served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005, and advised President Barack Obama on choosing his national security team.

John M. Deutch
John Mark Deutch (born July 27, 1938) is an American civil servant and physical chemist. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1995 and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from May 10, 1995, until December 15, 1996. He is an emeritus Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and serves on the boards of directors of Citigroup, Cummins, Raytheon, and Schlumberger. Deutch is also a member of the Trilateral Commission.
Belja
Belja (Serbian Cyrillic: Беља) is a village in Serbia, in the municipality of Aleksinac in Nišava District. According to the census in 2002 the population was 43 (a reduction from the 1991 census showing 56 residents).

Aleksinac
Aleksinac (Serbian Cyrillic: Алексинац) is a town and municipality located in the Nišava District of southern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 43,258 inhabitants.
Josep Lladonosa i Giró
Josep Lladonosa i Giró (Alguaire, Province of Lleida; 1938) is a Catalan chef and food writer from the province of Lleida. He has been a chef since the 1980s. Throughout his career, he has also conducted extensive research on cooking techniques, products, recipes and the culture tied to eating in Catalonia. He has documented these aspects of Catalan cuisine since the Middle Ages, as exemplified in his book Llibre de Sent Soví. Lladonosa has diffused this knowledge through a large number of books and articles, some of which have been translated into languages including Spanish, English and French. He is also a famous gastronomy teacher, collaborating with individuals such as Joan Amades and Jaume Fàbrega. In 2003, he was awarded the highest Catalan honour by the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Creu de Sant Jordi.

Joan Amades
Joan Amades i Gelats (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈan əˈmaðəz i ʒəˈlats]; Barcelona, 23 July 1890 - 17 January 1959) was a Catalan ethnologist and folklorist. An autodidact, he worked at the historical archive of the city of Barcelona and at the Museum of Industry and Popular Arts of the same city. From 1956 onwards, he collaborated with UNESCO. He was also an important promoter of Esperanto and founded the  Federació Esperantista Catalana (Catalan Esperanto association). Perhaps the most important book in his large bibliography is Costumari Català (a collection of Catalan customs), the main work for the study of Catalan popular culture.
East Dundry
East Dundry is a south-facing hamlet some 160 metres (520 ft) above sea level in a sheltered valley of Dundry Hill just south of Bristol, England. The hamlet is in the parish of Dundry and about two kilometres east of its village church. The Iron Age Maes Knoll tump (1.6 miles (2.5 km) to the east) and tumuli (in the field just north-east of North Hill Farm) are evidence of long occupation of the valley.

Oolite
Oolite or oölite (from Ancient Greek  ᾠόν (ōión) 'egg stone') is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 millimetres; rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The term oolith can refer to oolite or individual ooids.
October 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 29 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 31

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 12 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 30th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 17.

October 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 16 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 18

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 30 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 17th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 4.
Kocahüyük, Savur
Kocahüyük (Kurdish: Sêgira,  Qoşê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Savur, Mardin Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Barava tribe and had a population of 138 in 2021.

Savur
Savur (Syriac: ܨܰܘܪܳܐ, romanized: Ṣawro; Arabic: صور, romanized: Ṣawr; Kurdish: Stewr), meaning “mountain ridge” in Syriac and formerly known as Savor, is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 962 km2, and its population is 24,821 (2022).
St. Albert the Great Church (Weymouth, Massachusetts)
St. Albert the Great Church is a Roman Catholic parish located in Weymouth, Massachusetts. Its pastor is Father Charles J. Higgins, VF, and the parochial vicar is Father Peter J. Casey. It rose to recognition in 2004 after parishioners staged a 24-hour vigil at the church in response to announcements by the archdiocese that it would close. The parish shares its priests with nearby St. Francis Xavier Church and Masses are shared between the two parishes.

Archdiocese of Boston
The Archdiocese of Boston (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bostoniensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Massachusetts in the United States. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston.

The Diocese of Boston was erected in 1808, branching off from the Diocese of Baltimore. It grew rapidly during the 19th century; today it is the fourth largest archdiocese in the United States. Starting in 2002, the archdiocese faced a sexual abuse scandal which touched off investigations of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases throughout the United States. Richard G. Henning is the archbishop.
Geraki, Elis
Geraki (Greek: Γεράκι) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Amaliada, Elis, Greece. It is situated in low hills, 4 km east of Amaliada, 7 km northwest of Vounargo and about 14 km northwest of Pyrgos. The community includes the small village Analipsi.

Pyrgos, Elis
Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος, romanized: Pýrgos, lit. 'tower') is a city in the northwestern Peloponnese, Greece, the capital of the regional unit of Elis and the seat of the Municipality of Pyrgos. The city is located in the middle of a plain, 4 kilometres (2 miles) from the Ionian Sea. The river Alfeios flows into sea about 7 km (4 mi) south of Pyrgos. The population of the town Pyrgos is 26,052, and of the municipality 45,365 (2021). Pyrgos is 16 km (10 mi) west of Olympia, 16 km (10 mi) southeast of Amaliada, 70 km (43 mi) southwest of Patras and 85 km (53 mi) west of Tripoli.