hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bahamas at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The Bahamas competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The Bahamas Olympic Association sent a total of 24 athletes to these Games, 14 men and 10 women, to compete only in athletics and swimming. The nation's participation at the Olympic games marked its sixteenth appearance as an independent nation.

The Bahamas' only medal was won in athletics. On 10 August, Chris Brown, Michael Mathieu, Ramon Miller, and Demetrius Pinder ended their Olympic journey for the national team by winning the gold medal in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay. Brown, silver medalist in the relay event in Beijing, became the nation's first male flag bearer at the opening ceremony since 1996.

Bahamas Olympic Committee
The Bahamas Olympic Committee, formerly the Bahamas Olympic Association (IOC code: BAH), is the National Olympic Committee representing the Bahamas. The committee is also the Commonwealth Games Association representing the island nation.
Star Wars: Republic
Star Wars: Republic is an American comic book series set in the fictional Star Wars universe.  The series was published by Dark Horse Comics from 1998 to February 2006. The series was originally titled simply Star Wars, but acquired its Republic title at issue 46.  The entire series comprises 83 issues. After issue 83, the series was replaced by Star Wars: Dark Times, which continued the Republic numbering on its inside covers. The Republic series is one of a number of comic book series set in the Star Wars Expanded Universe.

The events in Star Wars: Republic are set in roughly the same fictional timeframe as the Star Wars prequel trilogy.  Character development builds on the films, including appearances by more prominent characters such as Mace Windu and Yoda, as well as peripheral characters such as Ki-Adi-Mundi and Quinlan Vos.

Hutt (Star Wars)
The Hutts are an alien species in the Star Wars franchise. They are rotund, voracious and grotesque-looking slug-like creatures with a predisposition to being leaders in organized crime. The most famous Hutt and the first to be depicted was Jabba the Hutt in the films Return of the Jedi, the Special Edition release of A New Hope (in a formerly-deleted scene modified and re-inserted into the film), and The Phantom Menace. Jabba and numerous other Hutts appear in various works of the Star Wars expanded universe, which greatly elaborates on their history, culture and role in galactic society.
K. K. Muhammed
Karingamannu Kuzhiyil Muhammed (born 1 July 1952) is an Indian archaeologist who served as the Regional Director (North) of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Muhammed is credited for the discovery of Ibadat Khana, as well as various prominent Buddhist Stupas and Monuments. During his career, he undertook the restoration of the Bateshwar Complex, successfully convincing naxal insurgents and dacoits to cooperate, as well as facelift and restoration of the Dantewada and Bhojeshwar temples.

Muhammed also successfully conceived and executed the idea of building Replica Museum, Delhi, which showcases replicas of Indian statues and stone-carved sculptures.

For his contributions to archeology, he was awarded the Padma Shri in 2019, India's fourth highest civilian honour.

Irfan Habib
Irfan Habib (born 12 August 1931) is an Indian historian of ancient and medieval India, following the methodology of Marxist historiography in his contributions to economic history. He is known for his strong stance against Hindutva. He has authored a number of books, notably the Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556–1707, an Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detailed Notes, and an Atlas of Ancient Indian History (with Faiz Habib). As the general editor, he is also the driving force behind the A People's History of India series, volumes of which continue to be released.
Miss Aruba 2018
The Miss Aruba 2018 the 51st edition of the Miss Aruba pageant was held in Alhambra Ballroom, Divi Resorts in Oranjestad, Aruba. Alina Mansur crowned her successor at the end of the event. 4 contestants from the islands in Aruba competed. The winner represented Aruba in Miss Universe 2018 and Miss World 2018 pageant.

Miss Universe 2018
Miss Universe 2018 was the 67th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Impact Arena in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, on 17 December 2018.

At the conclusion of the event, Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters of South Africa crowned Catriona Gray of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2018. This was the Philippines' fourth victory after their recent victory in 2015.

Contestants from ninety-four countries and territories competed in this year's pageant, surpassing the previous record of ninety-two in 2017. The pageant was hosted by Steve Harvey in his fourth consecutive year, along with supermodel Ashley Graham. Television personality Carson Kressley and runway coach Lu Sierra provided commentary and analysis throughout the event. American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo performed in this year's pageant.
Petite-Île
Petite-Île (French pronunciation: [pətit il] ⓘ, literally Little Isle) is a commune on the French island and department of Réunion. The commune is bordered by the communes of Saint-Joseph to the east and Saint-Pierre to the west. The commune gets its name from the uninhabited islet off of its coast, the only such islet near Réunion that has vegetation. The commune was established in 1935.

Saint-Joseph, Réunion
Saint-Joseph (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒozɛf] ⓘ) is a commune in the French overseas department of Réunion. It is located on the extreme south end of the island of Réunion. As such, it features the southernmost point of the European Union. The village Vincendo is part of the commune.
Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim
Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim (also known as the Rabbinical Seminary of America) is an Orthodox yeshiva based in Kew Gardens Hills, Queens, New York, United States. It is primarily an American, non-chasidic Haredi Talmudic yeshiva. The yeshiva is legally titled Rabbinical Seminary of America (RSA) but is often referred to as just Chofetz Chaim as that was the nickname of its namesake, Yisroel Meir Kagan. It has affiliate branches in Israel and North America.

Musar movement
The Musar movement (Hebrew: תְּנוּעַת הַמוּסָר, romanized: tnūʿat ha-Mūsar; also spelled Mussar) is an ethical, educational, and cultural movement in Judaism that developed in 19th-century Lithuania, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews. Musar (Biblical Hebrew: מוּסָר) is derived from Proverbs 1:2, wherein the author of the book of Proverbs uses the term to describe moral behavior, instruction, and discipline, with an emphasis on educating oneself about how to act properly. The term was used by the originators of the Musar movement to convey teachings regarding ethical and spiritual paths found in the Musar literature (סִפְרוּת הַמוּסָר, sifrūt ha-Mūsar). The Musar movement made significant contributions to the Musar literature and Jewish ethics. The movement was revived in the 21st century among Jews of all denominations, particularly in the United States.
Combretum glutinosum
Combretum glutinosum is a shrub species of the genus Combretum, found in the Sahel belt in parts of Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, the Gambia, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon, across to parts of Sudan. It is known as dooki in Pulaar, Kantakara in Hausa, rat in Wolof and jambakatan kè in Maninka. Its synonyms are Combretum cordofanum Engl. & Diels, C. passargei Engl. & Diels, C. leonense Engl. & Diels.

Combretum
Combretum, the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but there are others that are native to tropical Asia, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, and tropical America.

Around 17 species in the genus Quisqualis are very similar to Combretum and are now classified as species of the genus.

Though somewhat reminiscent of willows (Salix) in their habitus, they are not particularly close relatives of these.
Nanyang Junior College
Nanyang Junior College (NYJC) (simplified Chinese: 南洋初级学院; traditional Chinese: 南洋初級學院; pinyin: Nányáng chūjí xuéyuàn; Wade–Giles: Nan2yang2 Ch`u1chi2 Hsüeh2yüan4) is a junior college in Singapore next to Lorong Chuan MRT station, offering two-year pre-university courses leading up to the GCE Advanced Level examinations.

Nanyang Junior College is known for its strong academics, and is one of the most selective pre-university institutions in Singapore. Among its accomplishments, the college has produced six Public Service Commission (PSC) Scholarship recipients.

Hwa Chong Junior College
The Hwa Chong Junior College (Chinese: 华中初级学院; pinyin: Huázhōng Chūjí Xuéyuàn) was a junior college in Singapore offering pre-university education. The school merged with The Chinese High School on 1 January 2005 to form the integrated Hwa Chong Institution (HCI).
William L. Guild
William L. Guild, Jr. (February 22, 1910 – May 13, 1993) was an American lawyer and jurist.

Born in Wayne Township, DuPage County, Illinois, he received his bachelor's degree from Wheaton College in 1931 and his law degree from Northwestern University School of Law in 1934. Guild then practiced law in Wheaton, Illinois. During World War II, Guild served in the United States Army. In 1953, Guild served as State's Attorney for DuPage County, Illinois and then in 1958, he was elected DuPage County judge. In 1960, Guild was appointed Illinois Attorney General to fill a vacancy and served until his defeat leaving office in 1961. Guild was a Republican. In 1964, Guild was elected associate judge and then was appointed to the Illinois Appellate Court serving until his retirement in 1979. Guild died in Wheaton, Illinois.

Illinois Attorney General
The Illinois attorney general is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States.  Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by statewide election.  Based in Chicago and Springfield, the attorney general is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies, including the governor of Illinois and Illinois General Assembly, as well as conducting all legal affairs pertaining to the state.

The office of Illinois Attorney General was established on December 3, 1818, based on guidelines adopted by a state constitutional convention. The attorney general is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Illinois. The first person to fulfill the duties of the office was Daniel Pope Cook who only served eleven days, and was later elected to the United States Congress. Cook County was named in his honor.

The current holder of the office is Kwame Raoul.
Galium
Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw.

Over 600 species of Galium are described, with estimates of 629 to 650 as of 2013. The field madder, Sherardia arvensis, is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. Asperula is also a closely related genus; some species of Galium (such as woodruff, G. odoratum) are occasionally placed therein.

Asperula
Asperula, commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 91 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia.
German Youth Movement
The German Youth Movement (German: Die deutsche Jugendbewegung) is a collective term for a cultural and educational movement that started in 1896. It consists of numerous associations of young people that focus on outdoor activities. The movement included German Scouting and the Wandervogel. By 1938, 8 million children had joined associations that identified with the movement.

Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929
The Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929 (German Young Comrades of November 1, 1929) refers to a youth league founded by Eberhard Koebel, also known by his hiking name "tusk", which is also known as the German Young Comrades of 1.11.1929 and German Autonomous Young Comrades of 1.11.1929, primarily recognized by the abbreviation dj.1.11. Koebel rejected the prevalent principle of the "life community" in the German youth movement and established his league as a purely boys' league. The Young Comrades in this tradition view themselves as the third wave of the German youth movement after the Wandervogel and the German youth movement. However, many historians now categorize them as part of the German youth movement.
Anishinaabe tribal political organizations
Anishinaabe tribal political organizations are political consortiums (like tribal councils) of Anishinaabe nations that advocate for the political interests of their constituencies. Anishinaabe people of Canada are considered as First Nations, and of the United States as Native Americans.

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (or the Gete-gitigaaning in the Anishinaabe language) is a federally recognized band of the Lake Superior Chippewa, many of whom reside on the Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation, located near Watersmeet, Michigan.  It is approximately 45 miles southeast of Ironwood, Michigan in Gogebic County.
Harmonium (poetry collection)
Harmonium is a book of poetry by American poet Wallace Stevens. His first book at the age of forty-four, it was published in 1923 by Knopf in an edition of 1,500 copies. This collection comprises 85 poems, ranging in length from just a few lines ("Life Is Motion") to several hundred ("The Comedian as the Letter C") (see the footnotes for the table of contents). Harmonium was reissued in 1931 with three poems omitted and fourteen new poems added.

Most of Harmonium's poems were published between 1914 and 1923 in various magazines. The poems are now in the public domain in America and similar jurisdictions.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Moscow Ballet (United States)
Moscow Ballet has toured the United States and Canada during the holiday season since 1993 and is exclusively represented by Talmi Entertainment Inc for these tours. There are 70 to 80 Russian-trained classical dancers on the annual North American tour who fly in from the former republic of Russia. Stanislav Vlasov, a former principal artist of the Bolshoi Ballet, was the first artistic director on the North American tour in 1993. Vlasov's debut in the United States was at Carnegie Hall in 1957.

Bolshoi Ballet
The Bolshoi Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1776, the Bolshoi is among the world's oldest ballet companies. In the early 20th century, it came to international prominence as Moscow became the capital of Soviet Russia. The Bolshoi has been recognised as one of the foremost ballet companies in the world. It has a branch at the Bolshoi Ballet Theater School in Joinville, Brazil.
Pellucidar (novel)
Pellucidar is a 1915 fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the second in his series about the fictional "Hollow Earth" land of Pellucidar. It first appeared as a five-part serial in All-Story Weekly from May 1 to 29, 1915. It was first published in book form in hardcover by A. C. McClurg in September, 1923. A map by Burroughs of the Empire of Pellucidar accompanied both the magazine and book versions.

Hollow Earth
The Hollow Earth is a concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space. Notably suggested in the late 17th century by Edmond Halley, the notion was later disproven, first tentatively by Pierre Bouguer in 1740, then definitively by Charles Hutton in his Schiehallion experiment around 1774.

It was still occasionally defended through the mid-19th century, notably by John Cleves Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis.

The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as a premise for subterranean fiction, a subgenre of adventure fiction. Hollow Earth also recurs in conspiracy theories and the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis and is often said to be inhabited by mythological figures or political leaders.
Scapanops
Scapanops is an extinct genus of dissorophid temnospondyl amphibian known from the Early Permian Nocona Formation of north-central Texas, United States. It contains only the type species Scapanops neglecta, which was named by Rainer R. Schoch and Hans-Dieter Sues in 2013. Scapanops differs from other dissorophids in having a very small skull table, which means that its eye sockets are unusually close to the back of the skull. The eye sockets are also very large and spaced far apart. Scapanops was probably small-bodied (around 25 to 50 centimetres (9.8 to 19.7 in) long) with a proportionally large head and short trunk and tail. Like other dissorophids, it probably spent most of its life on land.

Nocona Formation
The Nocona Formation is a geological formation in Texas, dating back to the Wolfcampian series (Early Permian). As part of the Texas red beds, it is one of several formations renowned for dense bonebeds of terrestrial vertebrate fossils.
White Fang (1973 film)
White Fang (Italian: Zanna Bianca) is a 1973 Italian Northern adventure film directed by Lucio Fulci and produced by Harry Alan Towers, starring Franco Nero, Fernando Rey and Virna Lisi. The screenplay by Roberto Gianviti was based on Jack London's 1906 novel White Fang. The film was part of a trend of European Northwesterns inspired during the 1970s by Call of the Wild (1972), which was a surprise hit in Italy. Two German productions in this trend were Hellhounds of Alaska and Cry of the Black Wolves, both directed by Harald Reinl. The film gained great commercial success and generated an official sequel, Challenge to White Fang (1974) as well as several derivative films, including White Fang to the Rescue (1974) and White Fang and the Hunter (1975).

Cry of the Black Wolves
The Cry of the Black Wolves (German: Der Schrei der schwarzen Wölfe) is a 1972 West German western adventure film directed by Harald Reinl and starring Ron Ely, Raimund Harmstorf, and Gila von Weitershausen.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Rolf Zehetbauer. Location shooting took place in Austrian Tyrol.
South Pelion
South Pelion (Greek: Νότιο Πήλιο, Notio Pilio) is a municipality in the Magnesia regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Argalasti. The municipality has an area of 368.539 km2. It comprises the southern part of Mount Pelion.

Pelion
Pelion or Pelium (Modern Greek: Πήλιο, Pílio; Ancient Greek/Katharevousa: Πήλιον, Pēlion) is a mountain at the southeastern part of Thessaly in northern Greece, forming a hook-like peninsula between the Pagasetic Gulf and the Aegean Sea. Its highest summit, Pourianos Stavros, is 1,624 metres (5,328 ft) amsl. The Greek National Road 38 (GR-38) runs through the southern portion of the peninsula and GR-38A runs through the middle.
Baldwin (bishop of Kraków)
Baldwin was a Bishop of Kraków in the years 1102-1109.

He was French and was recorded in both the Chronicle of Gall Anonim and Jan Długosz.

Bolesław III Wrymouth nominated him as candidate for the bishopric to the Pope and in 1102, he went to Rome for episcopal consecration which he received from Pope Paschal II.
In 1103 he took part in the Synod of the Polish Church, on which the papal legate Gwalon (Papal Legate) made two Polish bishops. and during the Polish civil war he defended Zbigniew.

Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II (Latin: Paschalis II; 1050 x 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope.
Pat O'Shea (Gaelic footballer, born 1966)
Pat O'Shea (born 14 June 1966) is a Gaelic football manager from Killarney in Ireland.  He was manager of the Kerry senior football team from 2007–2008, and won the 2007 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship with Kerry. He co-authored the book Gaelic Football Training Drills (ISBN 0952389304) by COS Productions.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
Governo
Governo is a winemaking technique reportedly invented in Tuscany in the 14th century to help complete fermentation and stabilize the wine. The technique involves saving a batch of harvested grapes and allowing them to partially dry. If fermentation of the main batch starts to slow or appears to be nearing stuck fermentation, the half dried grapes are added to the must which then gives the yeast cells a new source of sugar to enliven the batch. From there, the must can be fermented dry or stopped with the wine having a higher level of residual sugar. The process was widely used in the Chianti zones until the advent of temperature controlled fermentation tanks. From Tuscany the technique spread to Marche and Umbria where it is sometimes used today. In the Marche the technique is most often used on wines made from the Verdicchio grape to counteract the grape's natural bitterness and to add some sweetness and frizzante qualities.

Must
Must is freshly crushed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace and typically makes up 7–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking. Because of its high glucose content, typically between 10 and 15%, must is also used as a sweetener in a variety of cuisines. Unlike commercially sold grape juice, which is filtered and pasteurized, must is thick with particulate matter, opaque, and comes in various shades of brown and purple. The name comes from the Latin vinum mustum; lit. 'young wine'.