hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hemitaeniochromis
Hemitaeniochromis is a small genus of cichlid fishes endemic to Lake Malawi in east Africa. The genus is distinguished from other genera of Lake Malawi Haplochromini by details of its melanic color pattern and by its dentition. The color pattern includes (1) a midlateral horizontal stripe starting at least an eye length behind the operculum, this stripe broken into separate spots at least on its front half, more nearly continuous on its rear half, extending to the end of the caudal peduncle; (2) a second (supralateral) stripe above the midlateral one that is only on the front part of the flanks, and which is also at least partly broken into spots; (3) above this at the base of the dorsal fin are 4 or 5 dorsal midline spots. The dentition of the jaws is also distinctive in fish at least 10 centimetres (4 inches) in length (not counting the caudal fin); the outer teeth are roughly conical with a single cusp and are spaced apart from each other by about the width of the tooth.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Felix Batista
Felix I. Batista (disappeared 10 December 2008) is a Cuban-American anti-kidnapping expert and former U.S. Army major who has negotiated resolution to nearly 100 kidnapping and ransom cases, dozens of them in Mexico. Batista was a consultant for Houston, Texas-based security firm ASI Global. In December 2008, he was kidnapped in Mexico.

Crisis negotiation
Crisis negotiation is a law enforcement technique used to communicate with people who are threatening violence (workplace violence, domestic violence, suicide, or terrorism), including barricaded subjects, stalkers, criminals attempting to escape or evade arrest, and hostage-takers. Crisis negotiation is often initiated by the first officer(s) on the scene.
Elliptochloris bilobata
Elliptochloris bilobata is a species of green alga in the order Prasiolales. First described in 1980, it is the type species of the genus Elliptochloris. The microscopic alga has distinctive ellipsoid cells containing a unique bilobed chloroplast, and reproduces both through autospores and rod-shaped spores. Though originally discovered as a photobiont within the lichen Catolechia wahlenbergii in the Austrian Alps, it has since been found living freely across Europe, Israel, and Antarctica. The species grows on various surfaces including soil, rock, and tree bark, and is known for its ability to grow in both natural and human-modified environments.

Prasiolales
Prasiolales is an order of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae. Members of this order are ecologically widespread and are found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats from the Arctic to the Antarctic.

Morphological features include a single stellate, axial chloroplast with a central pyrenoid. The ultrastructure of Prasiolales is unique and includes cells with four flagella, with their basal flagellar apparatuses in a counterclockwise orientation. For a long time, its placement was uncertain and debated between Ulvophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae (also known as Pleurastrophyceae). Molecular data, however, have robustly supported its placement in the latter class.

Traditionally the order contained a single family, Prasiolaceae. Molecular phylogenetics studies have found that coccoid algae of very simple morphology, such as Stichococcus, also belong to this order.

Genera of uncertain placement to family include:

Edaphochlorella

Pseudomarvania
Purple Mountain (Oregon)
Purple Mountain is a 2,358-foot (719 m) mountain in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is one of many densely forested peaks located in the Oregon Coast Range.

Purple Mountain is located in Siskiyou National Forest, 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) northeast of Humbug Mountain, which rises from the Pacific Ocean along the Oregon coastline. The Elk River passes by the northern base of the mountain some 2,000 feet (610 m) below the peak, only 900 metres (0.56 mi) away.

42°42′11″N 124°21′11″W﻿ / ﻿42.703°N 124.353°W﻿ / 42.703; -124.353

Humbug Mountain
Humbug Mountain is one of the highest mountains in the U.S. state of Oregon to rise directly from the Pacific Ocean. It lies on the state's southern coast, about 6 miles (10 km) south of Port Orford and 21 miles (34 km) north of Gold Beach. The mountain is completely within Humbug Mountain State Park, and U.S. Route 101 passes by its northern base. 
Its slopes feature an old-growth temperate rainforest.
Two trails run from the state park campground to the mountain's summit, one 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long, the other 2 miles (3.2 km) long. Both are part of the much longer Oregon Coast Trail. The area is popular with hikers, campers, cyclists, and whale watchers although biking and camping on the mountain itself are prohibited.
2021 Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The 2021 Six Nations Under 20s Championship was the 14th series of the Six Nations Under 20s Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic all the matches were played at Cardiff Arms Park, Cardiff.

The 2020 tournament was suspended with three games left to play, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cancelled in August with no winner announced.

Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The Six Nations Under 20s Championship is an international rugby union tournament. It is the under-20s equivalent of the Six Nations Championship. Originally the tournament was in an under-21 format but changed to under-20s in 2008. England were the inaugural winners and they have gone on to be the tournament's most successful team, winning ten titles. Their last title came in 2024. The tournament is played annually during February and March on the same weekends as the senior men's Six Nations.
Brown Stone
Brown Stone (abbreviated BS, Chinese: 褐石園, pinyin:  Hèshí Yuán) is an affluent neighborhood in Haidian District, Beijing, China, surrounded by the famous Tsinghua University and the Old Summer Palace. Originally developed by the Beijing Taiyue Real Estate Development Company (北京泰跃房地产开发有限责任公司)  in 2005, it now run by its affiliated estate keeping company. The neighborhood was developed in two stages, with the first stage finished in 2008, while the second stage was not completed until 2010.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
Paul Watson (football manager)
Paul Watson (born 15 June 1984) is a British-Canadian writer and football coach. Once a semi-professional footballer himself, he is best known for serving as coach of the Pohnpei State football team and Federated States of Micronesia national football team in 2009 and 2010, an experience about which he wrote the 2012 book Up Pohnpei.  He later moved to Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to assist in the founding of a new team, Bayangol FC. In 2018, Watson was the lead organiser and tournament director for the CONIFA World Football Cup in London for nations, states and peoples not recognised by FIFA.

The Big Issue
The Big Issue is a United Kingdom–based street newspaper founded by John Bird and Gordon Roddick in September 1991 and published in four continents. The Big Issue is one of the UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or individuals at risk of homelessness, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income, thereby helping them to reintegrate into mainstream society. It is the world's most widely circulated street newspaper.
1977 Australian Grand Prix
The 1977 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Oran Park International Raceway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia on 6 February 1977. It was the forty second Australian Grand Prix and also the first round of the 1977 Rothmans International Series. The race was open to Australian Formula 1 cars and Australian Formula 2 cars.

The race was won by Warwick Brown (Lola T430), his first and only Australian Grand Prix victory. Alan Jones (Lola T332) actually finished his 58th and final lap 40 seconds ahead of Brown, however officials penalised Jones 60 seconds for jumping the start and he was officially classified in 4th place.

1977 Rothmans International Series
The 1977 Rothmans International Series was an Australian motor racing competition open to Formula 5000 Racing Cars. The series, which was the second Rothmans International Series, was won by Warwick Brown driving a Lola T430 Chevrolet.
Tregonning Hill
Tregonning Hill is the westerly of two granite hills overlooking Mount's Bay in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, the other being Godolphin Hill. They are approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the town of Helston. The Plymouth chemist William Cookworthy mixed china stone with kaolin, mined from the hill to make Plymouth porcelain in 1768; which was the first time hard-paste porcelain was made in Britain. Part of the hill is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and at the date of notification (1994) was the only known site of western rustwort (Marsupella profunda) in Great Britain.

In July 2023 the hill was listed by Estate Agents for £150,000 and bought by the Cornwall Heritage Trust in November.

Hayle
Hayle (Cornish: Heyl, lit. "estuary") is a port town and civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the mouth of the Hayle River (which discharges into St Ives Bay) and is approximately seven miles (11 km) northeast of Penzance.

The parish shares boundaries with St Ives to the west, St Erth to the south, Gwinear and Gwithian in the east, and is bounded to the north by the Celtic Sea. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 9,772 and the population of the built up area was 9,040.

Hayle was originally three separate settlements that have merged over time: Foundry, Copperhouse and the Towans. In the 19th century, it was known as an important mining port and major centre for manufacturing steam engines.
History of Recreo
Recreo began as a small Hispanic homestead which offered rest to travellers and hence its name. Prior to European settlement in the 16th century, there were indigenous people living in the area. Expansion of the settlement came when a railway through the area was completed in 1875. Since then, Recreo's progress has been interrupted at times by earthquakes and drought. In the 20th and 21st centuries, major infrastructure has been developed to meet the needs of Recreo's growing population. On 20 August 1995, Recreo was endowed with a municipal charter.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 28th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Germany and Switzerland from 6 to 14 September 2013. The matches took place in 5 different cities (4 in Germany and one in Switzerland) with the final being played in Berlin.

Russia defeated Germany 3–1 in the final to capture their 18th title and the qualification for the 2013 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup.

2013 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Grand Champions Cup
The 2013 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup was held in Nagoya and Tokyo, Japan from November 12 to 17, 2013. Brazil won their second title and Brazilian Fabiana Claudino was selected the Most Valuable Player.
Durban Greyville (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Durban Greyville (Afrikaans: Durban-Greyville) was a constituency in the Natal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1943. Named for the Greyville area of central Durban, it covered the northern part of the CBD including the area around Durban Station. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Shlomo Sternberg
Shlomo Zvi Sternberg (January 20, 1936 – August 23, 2024) was an American mathematician known for his work in geometry, particularly symplectic geometry and Lie theory. He also wrote some well-known textbooks.

Symplectic manifold
In differential geometry, a symplectic manifold is a smooth manifold, , equipped with a closed nondegenerate differential 2-form , called the symplectic form. The study of symplectic manifolds is called symplectic geometry or symplectic topology. Symplectic manifolds arise naturally in abstract formulations of classical mechanics and analytical mechanics as the cotangent bundles of manifolds. For example, in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, which provides one of the major motivations for the field, the set of all possible configurations of a system is modeled as a manifold, and this manifold's cotangent bundle describes the phase space of the system.
Donnington Hospital
Donnington Hospital is a series of almshouses in Donnington, Berkshire, England, run by the Donnington Hospital Trust.

It was established in 1393 by Sir Richard Abberbury the Elder. The original site on the Oxford Road is now occupied by almshouses built in 1602. A further complex was added at Abberbury Close in 1938, followed by Groombridge Place in 1993. The trust also has almshouses in Bucklebury and Bray in Berkshire and Iffley in Oxfordshire.

In 1952 it was designated a Grade II* listed building.

Bucklebury
Bucklebury is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Newbury and 1–3 miles (1.6–4.8 km) north of the A4 road. The parish has a population of 2,116, but the village is much smaller. Bucklebury Common, with an area of over 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi), is one of the largest commons in the ceremonial and historic county of Berkshire.
2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
Two foot and 600 mm gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways with track gauges of 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), respectively. Railways with similar, less common track gauges, such as 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm), are grouped with 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways.

Minimum-gauge railway
Minimum-gauge railways are railways with track gauges smaller than those of narrow-gauge railways, primarily designed for light, industrial, or tourist transportation. The most common gauges for minimum-gauge railways include:

15 in (381 mm)

400 mm (15+3⁄4 in)

16 in (406 mm)

18 in (457 mm)

19 in (483 mm)

500 mm (19+3⁄4 in)

20 in (508 mm)

These railways have been developed for applications such as estate transport, mining, agriculture, and amusement parks, offering an economical and adaptable solution for restricted environments.
Iser Lubotzky
Iser Lubotzky (Lubocki) (Hebrew: איסר לובוצקי‎; 13 December 1922, in Vilnius – 27 February 2009, in Ramat Gan) was a member of Betar, the Vilna ghetto's underground and a Jewish partisan fighter. He was both a fighting member and a commander of the Irgun, serving as a national recruiting officer and heading the Ramat Gan group. As a lawyer, he served as the head of Herut’s lawcourt and as the Likud's first legal adviser.

Jewish partisans
Jewish partisans were fighters in irregular military groups participating in the Jewish resistance movement against Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II.

A number of Jewish partisan groups operated across Nazi-occupied Europe, some made up of a few escapees from the Jewish ghettos or concentration camps, while others, such as Bielski partisans, numbered in the hundreds and included women and children. They were most numerous in Eastern Europe, but groups also existed in occupied France and Belgium, where they worked with the local resistance. Many individual Jewish fighters took part in the other partisan movements in other occupied countries. In total, the Jewish partisans numbered between 20,000 and 30,000.
Soputa
Soputa is a village located inland from Gona, Buna and Sanananda in Oro province, Papua New Guinea. The village is located at the crossroads of the Kokoda-Sananada Road and Buna-Kokoda Road. Trails lead to Buna and Sananada.

Kokoda
Kokoda is a station town in the Oro Province of Papua New Guinea. It is famous as the northern end of the Kokoda Track, site of the eponymous Kokoda Track campaign of World War II. In that campaign, it had strategic significance because it had the only airfield along the Track. In the decades preceding, it had been a foothills settlement near the gold fields.

Kokoda is located within the administrative divisions of Kokoda Rural LLG.
Shua language
Shua /ˈʃuːə/ SHOO-ə, or Shwakhwe, is a Khoe language (Ost-Kxoe) of Botswana. It is spoken in central Botswana (in Nata and its surroundings), and in parts of the Chobe District in the extreme north of Botswana. There are approximately 6,000 speakers (Cook 2004) and approximately 2,000 out of those 6,000 speakers are native speakers. The linguistic variety spoken in the township of Nata in northeast Botswana is highly endangered and spoken fluently only by adults over about thirty years of age. The term Shwakhwe means people (khwe) from the salty area (shwa).

Nata, Botswana
Nata is a village in the Central District of Botswana. Located in the north of the district about 200km (124 miles) from the city of Francistown , the village is served by Nata Airport. The population was 7,713 at the 2022 census with a growth rate of 1.3% from 6714 at the 2011 census. The village of Nata lies along the Nata River, which carries its rainy season flow to the Makgadikgadi Pans, a seasonal hypersaline lake, in one of the largest salt flats in the world. The village serves as a crossroads for routes to Maun and Kasane, providing essential services to travelers.

The village has 6 wards, namely: Sekao, Maaloso, Kachikao, Manakanagore, Makwenaejang and Basimane.
Cleithrum
The cleithrum (pl.: cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with "clavicle" from Latin clavicula = "little key".

In modern fishes, the cleithrum is a large bone that extends upwards from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the gill chamber. The bone has scientific use as a means to determine the age of fishes.

The lobe-finned fishes share this arrangement. In the earliest amphibians however, the cleithrum/clavicle complex came free of the skull roof, allowing for a movable neck. The cleithrum disappeared early in the evolution of reptiles, and in amniotes is very small or absent.

It has been argued based on position, muscle connectivity, and developmental origin that the nuchal element of the turtle carapace is formed from fused cleithra.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
Firefighter's helmet
For centuries, firefighters have worn helmets to protect them from heat, cinders and falling objects. Although the shape of most fire helmets has changed little over the years, their composition has evolved from traditional leather to metals (including brass, nickel and aluminum), to composite helmets constructed of lightweight polymers and other plastics.

Brodie helmet
The Brodie helmet is a steel combat helmet designed and patented in London in 1915 by Latvian inventor John Leopold Brodie (Leopolds Janno Braude). A modified form of it became the Helmet, Steel, Mark I in Britain and the M1917 Helmet in the US. Colloquially, it was called the shrapnel helmet, battle bowler, Tommy helmet, tin hat, and in the United States the doughboy helmet. It was also known as the dishpan hat, tin pan hat, washbasin and Kelly helmet. The German Army called it the Salatschüssel (salad bowl).
Engebret Soot
Engebret Olsen Soot (26 May 1786 – 3 March 1859) was a Norwegian engineer. He was one of Norway's first canal builders and joined the timber channels at Otteid and Mangen-Grasmo. He is known as the father of the Fredrikshald Canal (now known as the Halden Canal) in south-eastern Norway. He constructed locks and canals for the transport of both watercraft and timber.

Halden
Halden (pronounced [ˈhɑ̀ɫdn̩] ⓘ), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.

The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.