hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Girard Avenue
Girard Avenue is a major commercial and residential street in Philadelphia. For most of its length it runs east–west, but at Frankford Avenue it makes a 135-degree turn north. Parts of the road are signed as U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 30.

Letitia Street House
Letitia Street House is a modest eighteenth-century house in West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. It was built along the Delaware riverfront about 1713, and relocated to its current site in 1883. The house was once celebrated as the city residence of Pennsylvania's founder, William Penn (1644–1718); however, later historical research determined that he never lived there.
Resource monotonicity
Resource monotonicity (RM; aka aggregate monotonicity) is a principle of fair division. It says that, if there are more resources to share, then all agents should be weakly better off; no agent should lose from the increase in resources. The RM principle has been studied in various division problems.: 46–51

Egalitarian rule
In social choice and operations research, the egalitarian rule (also called the max-min rule or the Rawlsian rule) is a rule saying that, among all possible alternatives, society should pick the alternative which maximizes the minimum utility of all individuals in society. It is a formal mathematical representation of the egalitarian philosophy. It also corresponds to John Rawls' principle of maximizing the welfare of the worst-off individual.
Tupperware
Tupperware is an American company that manufactures and internationally distributes preparation, storage, and serving containers for the kitchen and home. It was founded in 1942 by Earl Tupper, who developed his first bell-shaped container and introduced the products to the public in 1946.

As of 2007, it was sold by approximately 1.9 million direct salespeople on contract. In 2013, the top marketplace for Tupperware was Indonesia, topping Germany. Indonesia's sales in 2013 were more than $200 million.

In September 2024, when its parent company filed for bankruptcy, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of Tupperware Brands Corporation (TBC). Two months later, it was announced that a company formed by a group of TBC secured lenders, Party Products LLC, had completed the purchase of the brand, as well as certain related operations.

Container
A container is any receptacle or enclosure for holding an item. Things kept inside of a container are protected on several sides by being inside of its structure.  Humans have used containers for at least 100,000 years, and possibly for millions of years. Containers are used in storage, packaging, and transportation, including shipping.
Prato Sesia
Prato Sesia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Novara.

Prato Sesia borders the following municipalities: Boca, Cavallirio, Grignasco, Romagnano Sesia, and Serravalle Sesia.

Novara
Novara (Italian: [noˈvaːra] ⓘ; Novarese: [nuˈ(ʋ)aːra]) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy, to the west of Milan. With a population of 102,231, it is the 2nd-largest city in Piedmont after Turin as of 2025.

It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland.

Novara lies between the streams Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont, 50 km (31 mi) from Milan and 95 km (59 mi) from Turin. It is only 15 km (9.3 mi) from the river Ticino, which marks the border with the Lombardy region.
HMS H4
HMS H4 was a British H-class submarine built by the Canadian Vickers Co., Montreal. She was laid down on 11 January 1915 and was commissioned on 5 June 1915. After her commissioning, HMS H4 and sister ships H1, H2 and H3 crossed the Atlantic from St. John's, Newfoundland to Gibraltar  being escorted by the armed merchant cruiser HMS Calgarian. H4 sank the U-boat UB-52 in the Adriatic Sea on 23 May 1918. She was sold on 30 November 1921 in Malta.

HMS Calgarian
SS Calgarian was an Allan Line steam turbine ocean liner that was built in 1914 and converted into a Royal Navy armed merchant cruiser. Until 1916 she served with the 9th Cruiser Squadron, patrolling off West Africa and then off the east coast of the United States. She spent the remainder of her career making transatlantic crossings between Canada and Britain.

An Imperial German Navy U-boat, the U-19 sank her off Rathlin Island, Ireland on 1 March 1918. Three torpedoes hit her, and her sinking killed two officers and 47 ratings.
Canning College
Canning College is a specialist education institution delivering programs that provide local and international students with pathways into universities. It delivers programs for Year 10, Year 11, Year 12 (WA Certificate of Education and WA Universities' Foundation Program), Certificate IV (in University Access Program) and Diploma of Commerce. Canning College is located on Marquis Street in Bentley, a suburb situated seven kilometres (four miles) south-east of Perth, Western Australia. It is next to Curtin University.

Established in 1982 by the Department of Education, the college initially provided secondary and tertiary-preparation education for domestic and international students completing senior secondary programs or their equivalent. From 2019, the college provided education to fee-paying international students only. From 2024, local students are also entitled to enrol into Canning College programs.

Bentley, Western Australia
Bentley is a southern suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Perth's central business district. Its local government areas are the City of Canning and the Town of Victoria Park. Bentley is home to the main campus of Curtin University and Technology Park.
Zoe Rosenberg
Zoe Rosenberg (born 2002) is an American animal rights activist, and animal sanctuary founder. She participates in public forms of direct action at sporting and university events. In 2014, Rosenberg founded the Happy Hen Animal Sanctuary based in San Luis Obispo, California. Rosenberg made national headlines for rescuing four chickens from Perdue Farm's Slaughterhouse in Petaluma, California in 2023. Subsequently, she was convicted by a jury for those actions in a criminal case, and a judge has sentenced her to jail.

Pitch invasion
A pitch invasion, also known as field storming, rushing the field, rushing the court, or storming the court, occurs when a person or a crowd of people spectating a sporting event run onto the competition area, usually to celebrate or protest an incident, or sometimes as a publicity stunt. Consequences for participants can result in criminal charges, fines or prison time, and sanctions against the club involved, especially if they cause a disruption in play, although they may sometimes be more welcomed if a large portion of the spectators invades the pitch simultaneously outside of playing time.
Kelly Dulfer
Kelly Dulfer (born 21 March 1994) is a Dutch handball player for Győri ETO KC and the Dutch national team. She normally plays left back, but is known to be a very versatile player.

She was a part the Netherlands team that won the 2019 World Women's Handball Championship; the first title in the country's history.

2016 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2016 European Women's Handball Championship was held in Sweden from 4 to 18 December 2016. It was the second time that Sweden hosts the tournament, after it also hosted the 2006 European Women's Handball Championship.

Sweden was awarded the championship on the EHF Congress in Monaco on 23 June 2012.

Norway won their seventh title after a 30–29 victory over the Netherlands. France captured the bronze medal, after a 25–22 victory over Denmark.
Sources for Citizen Kane
The sources for Citizen Kane, the 1941 American motion picture that marked the feature film debut of Orson Welles, have been the subject of speculation and controversy since the project's inception. With a story spanning 60 years, the quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a fictional character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst and Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick. A rich incorporation of the experiences and knowledge of its authors, the film earned an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) for Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles.

Civic Opera House (Chicago)
The Civic Opera House, also often mistakenly referred to as the Lyric Opera House, is an opera house located at 20 North Wacker Drive in Chicago. The Civic's main performance space, named for Ardis Krainik, seats 3,276, making it the second-largest opera auditorium in North America, after the Metropolitan Opera House. Built for the Chicago Civic Opera, it has been home to the Lyric Opera of Chicago since 1954 and the Joffrey Ballet since 2021. It is part of a complex with a 45-story office tower and two 22-story wings, known as the Civic Opera Building that opened November 4, 1929 and features Art Deco details.
44th NAACP Image Awards
The 44th NAACP Image Awards ceremony, presented by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), honored the best in film, television, recording, and literature of 2012. The ceremony took place on February 1, 2013, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California, aired live on NBC and was hosted by Steve Harvey.

U.S. Admiral Michelle Howard was received the Chairman's Award. American actress Kerry Washington was honored with the President's Award for being a "modern trailblazer". Harry Belafonte was recognized with the Spingarn Medal while  Jamie Foxx  won the Entertainer of the Year.

All nominees are listed below with the winners listed in bold.

NAACP Image Award – President's Award
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People presents an annual NAACP Image Award.  Winners are selected by the NAACP president in recognition of special achievement and distinguished public service. The following are winners for the President's Award:
Anarchism in South Africa
Anarchism in South Africa dates to the 1880s, and played a major role in the labour and socialist movements from the turn of the twentieth century through to the 1920s. The early South African anarchist movement was strongly syndicalist. The ascendance of Marxism–Leninism following the Russian Revolution, along with state repression, resulted in most of the movement going over to the Comintern line, with the remainder consigned to irrelevance. There were slight traces of anarchist or revolutionary syndicalist influence in some of the independent left-wing groups which resisted the apartheid government from the 1970s onward, but anarchism and revolutionary syndicalism as a distinct movement only began re-emerging in South Africa in the early 1990s. It remains a minority current in South African politics.

Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union
The Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU) was a trade union and mass-based popular political movement in southern Africa. It was influenced by the syndicalist politics of the Industrial Workers of the World (adopting the IWW Preamble in 1925), as well as by Garveyism, Christianity, communism, and liberalism.
1975–76 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey season
The 1975–76 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey team represented the University of Minnesota in college ice hockey. In its 4th year under head coach Herb Brooks the team compiled a 28–14–2 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the third consecutive year and seventh all-time. The Golden Gophers defeated Michigan Tech 6–4 in the championship game at the DU Arena in Denver, Colorado to win their second national championship.

Herb Brooks
Herbert Paul Brooks (August 5, 1937 – August 11, 2003) was an American ice hockey player and coach. His most notable achievement came in 1980 as head coach of the gold medal-winning U.S. Olympic team at Lake Placid. At the Games, Brooks' American team upset the heavily favored Soviet team in a match that came to be known as the "Miracle on Ice".

Brooks also coached multiple National Hockey League (NHL) teams, as well as the French team at the 1998 Winter Olympics. He ultimately returned to coach the U.S. men's team to a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. When Brooks died in a car accident in 2003, he was the director of player personnel for the Pittsburgh Penguins.

Brooks was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1990 and the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1999. He was honored posthumously with the Wayne Gretzky International Award in 2004 and inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2006.
Orleans-Franklin-1 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Orleans-Franklin-1 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Orleans-Franklin-1 District includes all of the Orleans County towns of Jay, Lowell, Troy, and Westfield, and the Franklin County town of Montgomery.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Orleans-Franklin-1 District had a population of 4,223 in that same census, 4.04% above the state average.

Westfield, Vermont
Westfield is a town in Orleans County, Vermont United States. The population was 534 at the 2020 census. The town was founded in 1780 and named after Rhode Island general and politician, William West, a supporter of Vermont statehood.

Westfield is home to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Abbey, a contemplative order of women, following the Benedictine rule.
Aichi 13th district
Aichi 13th district (愛知県第13区, Aichi-ken dai-ju-sanku  or simply 愛知13区, Aichi ju-sanku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Aichi Prefecture.

Anjō
Anjō (安城市, Anjō-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 188,693 in 76,087 households, and a population density of 2,193 persons per km². The total area of the city was 86.05 square kilometres (33.22 sq mi).
Kasir Shah
Kasir  Zamir Shah (born 15, June 1978) was a Pakistani cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Derbyshire between 1999 and 2000.

Shah's Cricket career began at Warwickshire, where he played in the Second XI from 1996, but it was at Derbyshire he was at his most notable, after playing for the team thanks to sponsorship from businessmen. Though 2000 was a bad year for most concerned, captain Tim Munton was unprepared to let Shah bowl, and he was not offered a contract for the 2001 season.

An uncharacteristically patient tailender, he would stick at the crease and defend much longer than his status down the order would appear to imply.

Tim Munton
Timothy Alan Munton (born 30 July 1965) is an English cricketer. He had a long career in county cricket, playing over 500 games combined between first-class and List A, primarily with Warwickshire before ending his career at Derbyshire. He also played two Test matches for England in the 1992 series against Pakistan, and went on a number of England A tours. A medium pace bowler and lower order batsman, cricket writer Colin Bateman stated, "at 6ft 6in, with an ability to make the ball swing, Munton is at his best in English conditions". His time at Warwickshire was a particularly successful one for the club, winning 6 trophies between 1993 and 1995; as a crucial part of that side, Munton was honoured as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1995.
Carlos Pezoa Véliz
Carlos Pezoa Véliz (July 21, 1879 – April 21, 1908) was a poet, educator and journalist from Chile. His literary work remained largely unpublished until his death at the age of 28. He was posthumously recognized as a major figure in the history of Chilean poetry.

Nicanor Parra
Nicanor Segundo Parra Sandoval (5 September 1914 – 23 January 2018) was a Chilean physicist and poet. He has been considered one of the most influential Spanish-language Chilean poets of the 20th century.

Parra described himself as an "anti-poet" on account of his distaste for poetry's pompous pretences. After his recitations, he would say: "Me retracto de todo lo dicho." ("I take back everything I've said.")
Tennis Channel Open
The Tennis Channel Open  (its sponsored name) was a men's hard court tennis tournament also known as the Las Vegas Open. It was an  ATP International Series  event that was first founded as the WCT Scottsdale Open in 1986. That tournament by 2005 was officially known as the Scottsdale Open.

In 2005, The Tennis Channel purchased the tournament from IMG and moved it from Scottsdale to Las Vegas. In April 2008, The Tennis Channel announced that it was selling the tournament to the ATP, and the week the event had been held was now the first week of Davis Cup.

Las Vegas Challenger
The Las Vegas Challenger is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually for many years through 2000 in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was brought back starting in the 2015 season.
Adam Soilleux
Adam Charles Soilleux (born 29 November 1991) is an English cricketer. Soilleux is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex.

While studying for his degree in Banking Finance and Management at Loughborough University, Soilleux made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Northamptonshire in 2011. In this match, he was dismissed for three runs in Loughborough's first-innings by David Lucas, while in their second-innings he scored six runs, before being dismissed by Lee Daggett. With the ball, he took the wickets of Niall O'Brien and Alex Wakely in Northamptonshire's first and only innings, in what was a drawn match. This remains his only first-class appearance.

Alex Wakely
Alex George Wakely (born 3 November 1988) is an English former cricketer who played for Northamptonshire and was also a former captain of the England under-19s. He is a right-hand batsman, bowls off-breaks and sometimes medium pace bowling. In May 2021, Wakely announced his retirement from all forms of cricket.
St. Thomas League
The St. Thomas & St. John League is a former regional soccer championship played in Saint Thomas and Saint John, United States Virgin Islands. The two best teams of the championship qualified to US Virgin Islands Championship.

USVISF Premier League
The USVISF Premier League is the top soccer club competition in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The league is divided into the Saint Croix Division and Saint Thomas Division. The league champion is decided in a knockout tournament between the best two teams of each division. The winner of the league qualifies to participate in the CFU Club Shield which doubles as qualification for the CONCACAF Caribbean Cup.
Piptatheropsis
Piptatheropsis is a genus of plants in the grass family.

Piptatheropsis is a newly recognized genus, named in 2011, comprising species formerly considered members of Milium, Oryzopsis, Piptatherum, Stipa, and similar genera.

Species

Piptatheropsis canadensis (Poir.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng - Canada (BC to LAB), northeastern United States (ME NH NY MI WI MN WV)

Piptatheropsis exigua (Thurb.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng - western North America (ABT BC CO ID MT OR WA WY CAL NV UT)

Piptatheropsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng - western North America (ABT BC MAN SAS CO ID MT WY ND NE OK SD AZ CAL NV UT NM TX)

Piptatheropsis pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng - Canada (BC to LAB plus NWT + YUK), United States (Northeast, Great Lakes, Black Hills of SD + WY, Rocky Mountains of CO +  NM)

Piptatheropsis shoshoneana (Curto & Douglass M.Hend.) Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng - Idaho, Nevada

Stipa
Stipa is a genus of about 140 species of large perennial hermaphroditic grasses collectively known as feather grass, needle grass, and  spear grass. They are placed in the subfamily Pooideae and the tribe Stipeae, which also contains many species formerly assigned to Stipa, which have since been reclassified into new genera.

Many species are important forage crops. Several species such as Stipa brachytricha, S. arundinacea, S. splendens, S. gigantea and S. pulchra are used as ornamental plants. One former species, esparto grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), is used for crafts and extensively in paper making.

It is a coarse grass with inrolled leaves and a panicle patterned inflorescence.
Daplex
Daplex is a computer language introduced in 1981 by David Shipman of the Computer Corporation of America. Daplex was designed for creating distributed database systems and can be used as a global query language.

Query language
A query language, also known as data query language or database query language (DQL), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL).
Battle of the Neva
The Battle of the Neva (Russian: Невская битва, romanized: Nevskaya bitva; Swedish: slaget vid Neva; Finnish: Nevan taistelu) was fought between the Novgorod Republic, along with Karelians, and the Kingdom of Sweden, including Norwegian, Finnish and Tavastian forces, on the Neva River, near the settlement of Ust-Izhora, on 15 July 1240. The battle is mentioned only in Russian sources, and it remains unclear whether it was a major invasion or a small-scale raid. In Russian historiography, it has become an event of massive scale and importance.

Janet L. B. Martin
Janet Louise Block Martin (born 24 January 1945) is an American historian specialising in Old East Slavic literature and medieval history of Kievan Rus' and its successors. She is Professor Emerita at the Department of History at the University of Miami.
Vallemaggia District
The Vallemaggia District is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, bordering the Leventina district to the northwest, the Locarno district to the southeast, and Italy to the west. It encompasses eight municipalities and has a population of 5,952 (as of 31 December 2020). The capital of the district is Cevio. Although it extends over approximately one-fifth of the cantonal territory, only about 2% of the Ticino population lived there in 2000.

The district is traversed by the Maggia and its tributaries Bavona and Rovana, and is characterized by two distinct regions. The Valle Maggia comprises the lower valley and the upper valleys (Rovana Valley, Bavona Valley, and Lavizzara Valley). The lower valley, relatively wide, extends from Avegno to Cavergno with minimal elevation changes. The upper valleys are narrow gorges that open into the main valley at Cevio and Bignasco and are surrounded by imposing mountains.

Leventina District
The Leventina District is one of the eight districts of the largely Italian-speaking canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital of the district is Faido but the largest town is Airolo on the southern flank of the Gotthard Pass.

Situated to the north of the canton, its territory covers the area of the river Ticino as far south as Biasca, in particular the Bedretto Valley and the Leventina Valley.

Leventina is divided into four sub-districts, termed 'circles' (Italian: circoli), and a total area of 479.57 km2 (185.16 sq mi) with a population of 8,827 (as of 31 December 2020). Its capital is the municipality (Italian: comune) of Faido. The valley became part of Switzerland on 5 March 1480, following the treaty of Lucerne with the Duchy of Milan.