hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soranus of Ephesus
Soranus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: Σωρανός ὁ Ἑφέσιος; fl. 1st/2nd century AD) was a Greek physician. He was born in Ephesus but practiced in Alexandria and subsequently in Rome, and was one of the chief representatives of the Methodic school of medicine. Several of his writings still survive, most notably his four-volume treatise on gynecology, and a Latin translation of his On Acute and Chronic Diseases.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine
The Bulletin of the History of Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1933. It is an official publication of the American Association for the History of Medicine and of the Johns Hopkins Institute of the History of Medicine. The journal covers social, emotional, cultural, and scientific aspects of the history of medicine and includes critical reviews of recent literature in the field.
2024–25 Hamilton Academical F.C. season
The 2024–25 season was Hamilton Academical's first season back in the second tier of Scottish football, following their promotion from League One at the end of the 2023–24 season. Hamilton also competed in the League Cup, Challenge Cup and the Scottish Cup.

Hamilton Academical F.C.
Hamilton Academical Football Club, often known as Hamilton Accies, or The Accies, is a Scottish football club from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, who currently compete in Scottish League One. They were established in 1874 from the school football team at Hamilton Academy and remain the only professional club in British football to have originated from a school team. Hamilton have won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and have finished runners-up in the Scottish Cup twice. The club play their home games at Broadwood Stadium.
2023 Men's Hockey Junior Africa Cup
The 2023 Junior Africa Cup was an international field hockey competition held from 12 to 16 March 2023 in Ismailia, Egypt.

The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2023 Junior World Cup, with the winner and runner-up qualifying.

South Africa won their fifth title after defeating the defending champions and hosts Egypt in the final 4–3 in a shoot-out after the match finished 2–2 in regular time.

2016 Men's Hockey Junior Africa Cup
The 2016 Junior Africa Cup for Nations was an international field hockey competition held from 18 to 28 March 2016 in Windhoek, Namibia.

The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2016 Junior World Cup, with the winner and runner-up qualifying.
James Lloyd (Maryland politician)
James Lloyd (1756 – September 20, 1830) was an American politician.

Lloyd as born at Farley (now Fairlee) near Chestertown, Maryland. He pursued classical studies and studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice.  He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Kent County militia in 1776 and served during the American Revolutionary War.  He was a general in the War of 1812 and he freed captive Francis Scott Key from Fort McHenry.

Lloyd was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Henry and served from December 8, 1797, until December 1, 1800, when he resigned. On June 27, 1798, Lloyd introduced the Sedition Act of 1798, a part of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

He engaged in the practice of law afterwards.  James Lloyd died at Ratcliffe Manor, near Easton, Maryland on September 20, 1830.  He was interred at Clover Fields, the estate of his daughter in Queen Anne's County, Maryland.

John Henry (Maryland politician)
John Henry (November 1750 – December 16, 1798) was the eighth Governor of Maryland and member of the United States Senate. He was born at his family's estate (Weston), located near Vienna in Dorchester County.
1977 Benson & Hedges Championships
The 1977 Benson & Hedges Championships, also known as the Wembley Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Wembley Arena in London, England that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 14 November until 18 November 1977. First-seeded Björn Borg won the singles title.

1977 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF, later the ITF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Colgate-Palmolive Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking. Colgate-Palmolive was the new tour sponsor, taking over from Commercial Union. Guillermo Vilas won the Grand Prix circuit, having accumulated the most points (2,047), and received the largest share from the bonus pool ($300,000). The top eight points ranked singles players as well as the top four doubles teams qualified for the season-ending Masters tournament
History of Cagliari
This article presents a history of Cagliari, an Italian municipality and the capital city of the island of Sardinia. The city has been continuously inhabited since at least the neo-lithic period. Due to its strategic location in the Mediterranean and natural harbor, the city was prized and highly sought after by a number of Mediterranean empires and cultures.

Santa Igia
Santa Igia or Santa Ilia, modern Santa Gilla lagoon (Santa Ilia being a contraction of Santa Cecilia), was a city in Sardinia, in what is now Italy, which existed from the 9th century AD to 1258, when it was destroyed by Pisan and Sardinian troops. It was the capital of the Giudicato of Cagliari, one of the kingdoms in which the island was divided in medieval times.

Parts of its remains are now found in the western part of Cagliari, as well as in the island of Sa Illetta.
Testament of Ba
The Testament of Ba or the Chronicle of Ba(Tibetan དབའ་བཞེད or སྦ་བཞེད; Wylie transliteration: dba' bzhed or sba bzhed) is a Tibetan chronicle written in 8th century Classical Tibetan documenting the establishment of Tibetan Buddhism and the Vajrayana, Samye Monastery and the Samye Debate, and notable events and people in Tibet's history. Written during the Tibetan Empire period, it covers the reigns of kings Songsten Gampo, Trisong Detsen (r. 755–797/804), and the years after Rapalchen's reign. The monk Ba Salnang (Tibetan སྦ་གསལ་སྣང; Wylie transliteration: sba gsal snang) of the Ba Family was the main recorder of the Chronicle who used other scribes and members of the kings' courts.

In 2008, early versions of the text were said to have been discovered in London, where two manuscript fragments possibly dating to the 9th or 10th centuries are held by the British Library.

Aurel Stein
Sir Marc Aurel Stein, KCIE, FRAS, FBA
(Hungarian: Stein Márk Aurél; 26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a professor at Indian universities.

Stein was also an ethnographer, geographer, linguist and surveyor. His collection of books and manuscripts bought from Dunhuang caves is important for the study of the history of Central Asia and the art and literature of Buddhism. He wrote several volumes on his expeditions and discoveries which include Ancient Khotan, Serindia and Innermost Asia.
Podłozy
Podłozy [pɔdˈwɔzɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wielkie Oczy, within Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

It is part of the sołectwo of Kobylnica Wołoska.

Kobylnica Wołoska
Kobylnica Wołoska [kɔbɨlˈɲit͡sa vɔˈwɔska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielkie Oczy, within Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

Here was born Bishop Petro Kryk, Apostolic Exarch of Germany and Scandinavia for the Ukrainians.
Hofsá (Skagafjörður)
The Hofsá river is a spring creek in Höfðaströnd in Skagafjörður, Iceland. The river originates from Unadalur where it is called the Unadalsá river. When it leaves the mouth of the valley, its name changes to Hofsá. It leads up to flat meadows where it meanders past the church site Hof and continues on to the sea at Hofsós.

Höfðaströnd
Höfðaströnd is a region on the coast around Hofsós on the eastern side of Skagafjörður, Iceland. Its southernmost farm is Gröf, and the closest to the sea is Höfði. The region is named after Þórðarhöfði, which is a predominant feature of the landscape. Within Höfðaströnd is Höfðavatn, Skagafjörður's biggest lake, which is actually a coastal lagoon.
Chang Chih-hao
Chang Chih-hao  (Chinese: 張志豪; pinyin: Zhāng Zhìháo; born May 15, 1987), or Aluken Fanu in Amis, is a Taiwanese professional baseball outfielder for the CTBC Brothers of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL).

He represented Taiwan at the 2009 World Port Tournament, 2015 WBSC Premier12, and the 2017 World Baseball Classic.

Amis language
Amis (Sowal no 'Amis or Pangcah) is a Formosan language of the Amis (or Ami), an indigenous people living along the east coast of Taiwan. The largest of the Formosan languages, it is spoken from Hualien in the north to Taitung in the south, with another population in the Hengchun Peninsula near the southern end of the island, though the northern varieties are considered to be separate languages.

Government services in counties where many Amis people live in Taiwan, such as the Hualien and Taitung railway stations, broadcast in Amis alongside Mandarin. However, few Amis under the age of 20 in 1995 spoke the language. It is not known how many of the 200,000 ethnic Amis speak the language, but overall a third of the aboriginal Taiwanese population does.
Thorpe, East Riding of Yorkshire
Thorpe is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It is situated approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of the village of Middleton on the Wolds and 2.5 miles (4 km) north-west of the village of Leconfield.

It forms part of the civil parish of Lockington.

Leconfield
Leconfield is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Beverley town centre on the A164 road. The civil parish consists of Leconfield, the village of Arram and the hamlet of Scorborough. The 2011 UK census gave the parish a population of 2,127, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 1,990.
Analytically irreducible ring
In algebra, an analytically irreducible ring is a local ring whose completion has no zero divisors. Geometrically this corresponds to a variety with only one analytic branch at a point.

Zariski (1948) proved that if a local ring of an algebraic variety is a normal ring, then it is analytically irreducible. There are many examples of reduced and irreducible local rings that are analytically reducible, such as the local ring of a node of an irreducible curve, but it is hard to find examples that are also normal. Nagata (1958, 1962, Appendix A1, example 7) gave such an example of a normal Noetherian local ring that is analytically reducible.

Integrally closed domain
In commutative algebra, an integrally closed domain A is an integral domain whose integral closure in its field of fractions is A itself. Spelled out, this means that if x is an element of the field of fractions of A that is a root of a monic polynomial with coefficients in A, then x is itself an element of A. Many well-studied domains are integrally closed, as shown by the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields

An explicit example is the ring of integers Z, a Euclidean domain. All regular local rings are integrally closed as well.

A ring whose localizations at all prime ideals are integrally closed domains is a normal ring.
Discovery Place
Discovery Place Science is a science and technology museum, located in Uptown, Charlotte, North Carolina. Discovery Place Science operates The Charlotte Observer IMAX Dome Theater, also referred to as an OMNIMAX theater. It is the largest IMAX Dome Theater in the Carolinas.

The museum opened in 1981 and was renovated in 2010. The IMAX Dome was opened in 1991. The theater-naming rights were secured by The Charlotte Observer.

Huntersville, North Carolina
Huntersville is a suburban town in northern Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 61,376, making Huntersville the 15th-most populous municipality in North Carolina. It is located in the Charlotte metropolitan area and is 14 mi (23 km) north of Charlotte.
Khana Lueat Thai
Khana Lueat Thai (Thai: คณะเลือดไทย, lit. 'Party/Group of Thai Blood'; also known as Khana Luad/Lu'at Thai) Was an ultra-nationalist Thai movement active in the early 1940s. It emerged within wartime Thailand (then Siam) under Field Marshall Plaek Phibunsongkhram's military regime and promoted aggressive pan-Thai nationalism while carrying strong anti-Western sentiments. The group's members claimed to be devoted patriots of the country ("Khon rak chat") and identified foreign influences, primarily Catholicism, as enemies of the Thai nation, as Siam was at war with the French over land claims in French Indochina at the time. Historians note that Khana Lueat Thai worked alongside Phibunsongkhram's government, which also funded it, to promote anti-imperialist and anti-Catholic policies, despite the fact that it operated semi-clandestinely and was not an official political party.

Luang Wichitwathakan
Major-General Luang Wichitwathakan (also known as just Wichit Wichitwathakan) (Thai: หลวงวิจิตรวาทการ, วิจิตร วิจิตรวาทการ; Chinese: 金良) (11 August 1898 – 31 March 1962) was a Thai politician, diplomat, historian, novelist, and playwright. He is credited with changing the name of the country from Siam to Thailand.

Luang Wichitwathakan was prominently engaged in politics and the modernization of Thailand and was in his time the most important figure in the establishment of Thai nationalism and Thai identity. He was the chief ideologue and creator of cultural campaigns during the pre-World War II military rule of Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsonggram.
1824 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1824 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from November 1 to 3, 1824, to elect 34 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 19th United States Congress.

Jefferson County, New York
Jefferson County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,721. Its county seat is Watertown. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America. It is adjacent to Lake Ontario, southeast from the Canada–US border of Ontario. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The popularity of the area as a summer tourist destination results in a dramatic increase of population during that season.

In 2014, it elected Colleen M. O'Neill as the first woman county sheriff in the state. She had served with the New York State Police for 32 years.

The United States Army's 10th Mountain Division is based at Fort Drum. The base had a total population of nearly 13,000 according to the 2010 census.
Intestinal mucosal barrier
The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, refers to the property of the intestinal mucosa that ensures adequate containment of undesirable luminal contents within the intestine while preserving the ability to absorb nutrients. The separation it provides between the body and the gut prevents the uncontrolled translocation of luminal contents into the body proper. Its role in protecting the mucosal tissues and circulatory system from exposure to pro-inflammatory molecules, such as microorganisms, toxins, and antigens is vital for the maintenance of health and well-being. Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in numerous health conditions such as: food allergies, microbial infections, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and septic shock.

Mucin
Mucins (/ˈmjuːsɪn/) are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most animals. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell signalling to forming chemical barriers. They often take an inhibitory role. Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks, calcification in echinoderms and bone formation in vertebrates. They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer.

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted as principal components of mucus by mucous membranes or are secreted to become a component of saliva.
Centre de services scolaire des Laurentides
The Centre de services scolaire des Laurentides is a francophone school service centre in the Canadian province of Quebec, headquartered in Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts. It comprises several primary schools and high schools across municipalities in the Laurentides region. The commission is overseen by a board of elected school trustees.

School service centre
The school service centre (French: centre de services scolaire) is the model of public French school self-governance, which replaced school boards in 2020, in the province of Québec (Canada), appointed by the Ministry of Education.
Aquarama Aquarium Theater of the Sea
Aquarama Aquarium Theater of the Sea, also known as Aquarama, was a unique 1960s aquarium attraction located in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the intersection of Broad Street and Hartranft Street, just west of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex, south of Marconi Plaza, north of FDR Park, Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and Philadelphia Naval Hospital. It adjoined the east border of the newly developed residential neighborhood Packer Park at 3300 South Broad Street.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) Park (originally named League Island Park) is a park located along the Delaware River in the southernmost point of South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, comprising some 348 acres (1.41 km2), about 125 acres (0.51 km2) of buildings, roadways, pathways for walking, landscaped architecture, and a variety of picnic and recreation areas placed within about 77 acres (310,000 m2) of natural lands including ponds and lagoons.
Ngarla language
Ngarla is a Pama–Nyungan language of coastal Western Australia. It is possibly mutually intelligible with Panyjima and Martuthunira, but the three are considered distinct languages.

Ngarla is a member of the Ngayarda branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages. Dench (1995) believed there was insufficient data to enable it to be confidently classified, but Bowern & Koch (2004) include it without proviso.

Ngarla is spoken near Port Hedland. The "Ngarla" on the Ashburton River is a dialect of a different, though possibly related, language, Yinhawangka.

According to the Irra Wangga Language Centre, "Ngarla is no longer spoken today, although there remain some community members who know some words and phrases in the language".

Panyjima language
Panyjima is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Hamersley Range, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is the traditional language of the Panyjima people. The name has also been spelled Bandjima, Banjima, Banyjima, Paanjima, Pandjima, Panjima, Panjtjima, and Panytyima.

Like most indigenous Australian languages, Panyjima is endangered.  Younger generations have English as a first language and make little distinction between Panyjima and its closely related neighbouring languages. There is a formal language register known as padupadu.
Angelina Ballerina (TV series)
Angelina Ballerina is a British animated preschool children's television series based on the Angelina Ballerina series of children's books by author Katharine Holabird and illustrator Helen Craig. The series is produced by HIT Entertainment with animation production by Grand Slamm Children's Films, and aired on CITV for two seasons from 2001-2003, with three direct-to-video specials following afterward. The series centres on a young mouse named Angelina Mouseling who loves dancing ballet, her family, and her classmates. Finty Williams performed the voice of Angelina and her mother Judi Dench performed the voice of Miss Lilly.

A CGI revival series: Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps, which continued where the series left off; aired for four seasons from 2009-2010.

Katharine Holabird
Katharine Holabird (born January 23, 1948) is an American writer, best known as the author of the Angelina Ballerina series, illustrated by Helen Craig, and the Twinkle series, illustrated by Sarah Warburton.
Rosy Dreams
Rosy Dreams (Ružové sny) is a 1977 Czechoslovak film. Despite its whimsical poetic style, it was the first Central European feature film that put the Romani (Gypsy) community at the center stage in a realistically reflected manner. It was also a singular artistic achievement in Slovak and Czechoslovak cinema during the period after the Soviet invasion of 1968 by Dušan Hanák, director of several acclaimed films who maintained the integrity of his vision and style throughout the vagaries of Central European filmmaking in the second half of the 20th century. In a broader sense, Rosy Dreams was prescient in Central European cinema because it dealt with a minority group whose plight, not discussed openly then, has since become one of the key issues in several Central European societies. The clash of the communities is depicted with the subtle tender attitude inherited from the Czechoslovak New Wave.

Regions of Slovakia
Since 1949 (except 1990–1996), Slovakia has been divided into a number of kraje (singular kraj; usually translated as "Regions" with capital R). Their number, borders and functions have been changed several times. There are eight regions of Slovakia and they correspond to the EU's NUTS 3 level of local administrative units. Each kraj consists of okresy (counties or districts), which are further divided into obce (municipalities). There are 79 districts.
Tiny White (equestrian)
Helen Patricia "Tiny" White OBE (née Groome; 18 April 1924 – 10 January 2020) was a New Zealand horsewoman, best known as a dressage rider, and the first New Zealander to qualify as a FEI three-day event judge.

Havelock North
Havelock North (Māori: Karanema) is a town in the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island of New Zealand, situated less than 2 km south-east of the city of Hastings. It was a borough for many years until the 1989 reorganisation of local government saw it merged into the new Hastings District, and it is now administered by the Hastings District Council.