hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EV/EBITDA
Enterprise value/EBITDA (more commonly referred to by the acronym EV/EBITDA) is a popular valuation multiple used to determine the fair market value of a company. By contrast to the more widely available P/E ratio (price-earnings ratio) it includes debt as part of the value of the company in the numerator and excludes costs such as the need to replace depreciating plant, interest on debt, and taxes owed from the earnings or denominator. It is the most widely used valuation multiple based on  enterprise value and is often used as an alternative to the P/E ratio when valuing companies believed to be in a high-growth phase, and thus credits enterprises with higher startup costs, high debt relative to equity, and lower realised earnings.

Valuation using multiples
In economics, valuation using multiples, or "relative valuation", is a process that consists of:

identifying comparable assets (the peer group) and obtaining market values for these assets.

converting these market values into standardized values relative to a key statistic, since the absolute prices cannot be compared. This process of standardizing creates valuation multiples.

applying the valuation multiple to the key statistic of the asset being valued, controlling for any differences between asset and the peer group that might affect the multiple.

Multiples analysis is one of the oldest methods of analysis.  It was well understood in the 1800s and widely used by U.S. courts during the 20th century, although it has recently declined as Discounted Cash Flow and more direct market-based methods have become more popular.
"Comparable company analysis",  closely related, was introduced by economists  at Harvard Business School in the 1930s.
Downtown Des Moines
Downtown Des Moines is the central business district of Des Moines, Iowa and the Greater Des Moines Metropolitan Area. Downtown Des Moines is defined by the City of Des Moines as located between the Des Moines River to the east, the Raccoon River to the south, Center Street to the north, and 18th and 15th Streets to the west.

In 2014, Downtown Des Moines was listed as the number one "up-and-coming downtown" in America, by Fortune.com.

Civic Center of Greater Des Moines
The Des Moines Civic Center is a 2,744-seat performing arts center belonging to Des Moines Performing Arts located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been Iowa's largest theater since it opened on June 10, 1979, and is used for concerts, Broadway shows, ballets, and other special events. The Civic Center building is also home to the 200-seat Stoner Theater, used for smaller theatrical shows and lectures, located on street level. Together with the Stoner Theater, Cowles Commons, and the nearby Temple for Performing Arts, the Civic Center is part of the Des Moines Performing Arts.
Malin Diaz
Malin Sophie Diaz Pettersson (born 3 January 1994) is a former Swedish football midfielder who have played at club level for AIK, Tyresö FF, Eskilstuna United DFF, and Djurgårdens IF of the Damallsvenskan. Diaz has represented the Sweden women's national football team at senior level.

Umeå IK
Umeå IK (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈʉ̌ːmɛɔ ˈîːkoː]) is a women's professional association football club based in the city of Umeå, in northern Sweden, and currently playing Elitettan, the second tier of women's football in Sweden.

They were one of the most successful football clubs in the world in the early 2000s, winning seven Swedish championships between 2000 and 2008, four Swedish Cups (2001, 2002, 2003 and 2007) and the UEFA Women's Champions League twice, in 2003 and 2004. They also reached the Champions League finals in 2002, 2007 and 2008. A number of Swedish and international stars played for the club during that period, most notably Brazilian star Marta.

Umeå IK play their home games at Umeå Energi Arena (formerly known as Gammliavallen) in Umeå. The team colours are black and yellow. The club is affiliated to the Västerbottens Fotbollförbund.
Bobbie Goods
Bobbie Goods is a series of illustrated coloring books from the United States created by American designer and illustrator Abbie Goveia.

Currently, there are four published editions, each with a different theme, as well as a drawing guide based on the artist's style.

In Portuguese, the official editions are published by HarperCollins Brasil.

Coloring book
A coloring book (British English: colouring-in book, colouring book, or colouring page) is a type of book containing line art to which a person (usually a child) is intended to add color using crayons, colored pencils, marker pens, paint or other artistic media. Traditional coloring books and coloring pages are printed on paper or card. Some coloring books have perforated edges so their pages can be removed from the books and used as individual sheets. Others may include a story line and so are intended to be left intact. Today, many children's coloring books feature popular characters. They are often used as promotional materials for motion pictures and television. Coloring books may also incorporate other activities such as connect the dots, mazes and other puzzles. Some also incorporate the use of stickers.
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina (Serbian: Српска Војводина, romanized: Srpska Vojvodina) was a short-lived self-proclaimed autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the new (official) Austrian province named Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat. It was created and led by political leaders of Serbs in regions of Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and Baranja. The Serbian Vojvodina gave its name to the present Vojvodina autonomous region in Serbia.

Principality of Serbia
The Principality of Serbia (Serbian: Књажество Србија, romanized: Knjažestvo Srbija) was an autonomous, later sovereign state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution. Its creation was negotiated first through an unwritten agreement between Miloš Obrenović, leader of the Second Serbian Uprising, and Ottoman official Marashli Pasha, followed by a series of decrees of the Sublime Porte in 1828–1833. Its de facto independence ensued in 1867, following the evacuation of the remaining Ottoman troops from the Belgrade Fortress and the country; its independence was recognized internationally in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin. In 1882 the country was elevated to the status of kingdom.
BMW R12 (2024)
The BMW R12 is a motorcycle manufactured by BMW Motorrad, which is offered as the cruiser motorcycle R12 and as the roadster R12 nineT (with the English pronunciation ['naɪnti]). The name "R12", which had already been used by BMW for a motorcycle model from the 1930s, was re-protected by the manufacturer in 2021 in Germany and internationally in 2022. Both models were presented at the end of November 2023 as the successor to the R nineT introduced ten years earlier.

BMW R12 and R17
The BMW R12 and R17 are flat-twin engine motorcycles made by BMW Motorrad from 1935 through 1942. They were developed in 1935 based on the R7 concept of 1934. A few hundred R17s were made, ending in 1937, while the R12 continued through 1942, with a total of 36,008 produced.
Intermediate Certificate (Australia)
The Intermediate Certificate was a certificate awarded in Australia for the successful completion of three years of high school. (in the state of Victoria it was 4 years) This was at around age 14–15, in what was then called Third Form and is called Year 9 today. From 1943 until 2009, students in New South Wales were able to leave school at 15. A student who wanted to enter university needed a Leaving Certificate, for the completion of another two years. Both were based on external examinations. The Intermediate Certificate was abolished in 1965, being replaced by the Fourth Form (now Year 10) School Certificate.

School Certificate (New South Wales)
The School Certificate was a qualification issued by the Board of Studies, typically at the end of Year 10. The successful completion of the School Certificate was a requirement for completion of the Higher School Certificate. The School Certificate was issued for the last time in 2011. It has been replaced with the RoSA (Record of School Achievement)
Piotr Protasiewicz
Piotr Protasiewicz ['piɔtr prɔtaˈsiɛvit͡sz] ⓘ (born 25 January 1975 in Zielona Góra, Poland) is a Polish international speedway rider. He is a four times World team champion and earned 24 international caps for the Poland national speedway team.

1998 Speedway Grand Prix
The 1998 Speedway Grand Prix was the 53rd edition of the official World Championship. It was the fourth season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion.

Tony Rickardsson won the World title, which included three wins from the six Grand Prix events. The Swede's win was his second World title success and he secured the gold medal comfortably ahead of nearest rivals Jimmy Nilsen and Tomasz Gollob.
Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame
The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame, founded by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), honors leaders whose creativity, persistence, determination and personal charisma helped to shape the industry and made the consumer electronics marketplace what it is today. According to the CEA, the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame inductees have made a significant contribution to the world, and without these people, people's lives would not be the same.

The CEA announced the first 50 inductees into the Hall of Fame at the 2000 International Consumer Electronics Show. The first class of inductees was in 2000. Each year another group of inventors, engineers, business leaders, retailers and journalists are inducted into the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame.

Consumer Technology Association
The Consumer Technology Association (CTA) is North America's largest standards and technology trade organization representing more than 1,200 technology companies. CTA is led by CEO and Vice Chair Gary J. Shapiro.
Holihan Brothers
Holihan Brothers of Lawrence, Mass. began as a producer of whiskeys in 1856.  They operated the Diamond Spring Brewery from 1912 until around Prohibition and then opened after Prohibition in 1933.  They produced beer and ales under the Holihan's and Diamond Spring labels. The company also made soda beginning in 1917.

Pale ale
Pale ale is a golden to amber coloured beer style brewed with pale malt. The term first appeared in England around 1703 for beers made from malts dried with high-carbon coke, which resulted in a lighter colour than other beers popular at that time. Different brewing practices and hop quantities have resulted in a range of tastes and strengths within the pale ale family. Pale ale is a kind of ale.
1996 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon between 18 August and 15 September 1996. Independent candidates won the majority of seats, although most of them were considered members of various blocs. Voter turnout was 43.3%.

Nabih Berri
Nabih Mustafa Berri (Arabic: نبيه مصطفى برّي, romanized: Nabīh Muṣṭafā Barriyy pronunciationⓘ; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been serving as Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992. He heads the Amal Movement and its parliamentary wing, Development and Liberation Bloc.
Cornish Stannary Parliament
The Cornish Stannary Parliament (officially The Convocation of the Tinners of Cornwall) was the representative body of the Cornish stannaries, which were chartered in 1201 by King John. Due to the significant proportion of Cornwall's population involved in the tin trade, it wielded considerable power until it ceased to meet in September 1753. South Australia was founded on Cornish parliamentary law.

Lostwithiel
Lostwithiel (/lɒsˈwɪðiəl/; Cornish: Lostwydhyel) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It stands at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 3,070. The name Lostwithiel comes from the Cornish "lostwydhyel" which means "tail of a wooded area".
United Nations Decade for Women
The United Nations Decade for Women was a period from 1976 to 1985 focused on the policies and issues that impact women, such as pay equity, gendered violence, land holding, and other human rights. It was adopted December 15, 1975, by the United Nations General Assembly by Resolution 31/136 at the end of the International Women's Year.

The Decade formally consisted of three international meetings and conferences in Mexico City for "consciousness raising", Copenhagen for creating "networks", and Nairobi for "the solidarity of women world-wide" along with several regional meetings with specific UN agencies (UNESCO, WHO, ECLA, EEC) and nongovernmental organizations (YWCA, World Council of Churches, National Association of Women).

United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
The International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW Spanish: Instituto Internacional para el Avance y la Capacitación de las Mujeres) was a subsidiary of the United Nations General Assembly.

It was established upon recommendation of the World Conference on the International Women's Year 1975 in Mexico through the ECOSOC. INSTRAW started operations in 1979.  Since 1983 its main offices were located in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, with a focus on the advancement of women through research and training.  The institute was financed through contributions, which are mostly given by governmental organizations or private donors. In 2011, INSTRAW was merged into UN Women.
Kanowna Island
Kanowna Island, an oceanic island, is located off the southern tip of Wilsons Promontory in Victoria, Australia.  It is home to a significant breeding colonies of Australian fur seal, with an estimated 15000 seals (13.3% of the population) in 2010.

The island is within Wilsons Promontory National Park. The surrounding waters to the mean high-water mark are within Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park. 
It is part of the Wilsons Promontory Islands Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.

Wilsons Promontory
Wilsons Promontory, colloquially known as Wilsons Prom or The Prom, is a peninsula that forms the southernmost part of the Australian mainland, located in the state of Victoria.

South Point at 39°08′06″S 146°22′32″E﻿ / ﻿39.13500°S 146.37556°E﻿ / -39.13500; 146.37556 is the southernmost tip of Wilsons Promontory and hence of mainland Australia. Located at nearby South East Point, (39°07′S 146°25′E﻿ / ﻿39.117°S 146.417°E﻿ / -39.117; 146.417) is the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. Most of the peninsula is protected by the Wilsons Promontory National Park and the Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park.
Freyeria
Freyeria is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae erected by Ludwig Georg Courvoisier in 1920.

It currently includes three species:

Freyeria putli (Kollar, [1844]) – eastern grass jewel – Ceylon, South India, northeast India, Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland), Ryukyu Islands

Freyeria minuscula (Aurivillius, 1909) – Madagascar

Freyeria trochylus (Freyer, 1845) – grass jewel – Africa, Arabia, Bulgaria, Greece, Asia Minor, southern Asia

Freyeria trochylus
Freyeria trochylus, the grass jewel, is a small butterfly found in Africa, Arabia (United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia), southern Europe (Bulgaria and Greece), India and southern Asia that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.
Pearl Continental hotel bombing
The Pearl Continental hotel bombing occurred on 9 June 2009 in Peshawar, Pakistan, in which 17 people were killed and at least 46 people injured. The blast occurred at the five-star Pearl Continental hotel in the city. The force of the explosion caused the hotel to partially collapse. Gunman also attacked the hotel, firing several shots at survivors. The United States had planned to purchase this hotel to convert it to a consulate.

Malik Naveed, a provincial police chief, stated that at least 11 people had died but that the death toll was likely to rise. At least 46 others have been injured. Other sources gave tolls of 16 and 18. It was further reported on 10 June that the official death toll had reached 17 as six more bodies were recovered from the debris of the damaged portion of the hotel.

Pearl-Continental Hotels & Resorts
Pakistan Services Limited, trading as Pearl-Continental Hotels & Resorts (also abbreviated to PC Hotels), is a Pakistani hotel chain based in Islamabad. It owns properties in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Bhurban, Muzaffarabad and Malam Jabba, and under construction in Multan, Attabad Lake, Sukkur, and Mirpur.
Womai
Womai is an online grocery company. It was founded in 2008. It is headquartered in Beijing, China. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the COFCO Group.

In 2016, Fortune Magazine listed the company as #170 on its Unicorn List of private companies with valuations of at least US$1 billion.

COFCO Group
COFCO (Chinese: 中粮; full name: China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation) is a Chinese state-owned food processing holding company. COFCO Group is China's largest food processor, manufacturer and trader. It is also one of Asia's leading agribusiness groups alongside Wilmar International.

Its headquarters are in the COFCO Fortune Plaza (中粮福临门大厦) in Chaoyang District, Beijing.
Juan Manuel Carreras
Juan Manuel Carreras López (born 24 April 1962) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

From 2000 to 2003 he served in the Chamber of Deputies during the 58th Congress representing San Luis Potosí's first district. He also served as Secretary of Education of the state of San Luis Potosí.

In January 2015 he was designated by the PRI Party as candidate for governor of San Luis Potosí. Later, he won the elections and he was sworn as governor on 26 September 2015 for a six-year term.

He has more than 68,000 followers on Twitter.

Governor of San Luis Potosí
The governor of San Luis Potosí exercises the role of the executive branch of government in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí, per the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí. The official title is Gobernador Constitucional del Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí (Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí).

The governor is democratically elected for a term of six years, and cannot be re-elected. The term begins of September 26 in the year of the election and terminates on September 25, six years later.

The state of San Luis Potosí was established in 1824 as one of the original states of the Mexican federation, and has thus survived all the varying historic systems of the Mexican government. At a certain point in history, San Luis Potosí was a "Department", and as such, the title of the executive varied as well.
Meroz
Meroz (Hebrew: מֵרוֹז Mêrōz; Greek: Μερώζ) is a city mentioned in the Book of Judges.

Thought to be a city within the plains of Galilee north of Mount Tabor in Israel which was cursed by the angel of God in the song of Deborah and Barak; whose inhabitants did not come to help the Israelites in battle against Sisera's army. Meroz may possibly be identified with  el-Murussus, a village about 5 miles Northwest of Beisan, on the slopes to the North of the Vale of Jezreel. The village of Kafr Misr has also been identified as a possible site, due its proximity to other nearby ancient sites such as Nein (Nain) and Indur (Endor).

Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of YHWH, curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of YHWH, to the help of YHWH against the mighty.
-Judges 5:23

Jezreel Valley
The Jezreel Valley (Biblical Hebrew: עמק יזרעאל, romanized: ʿĒmeq Yizrəʿēl, LXX Koine Ιεζραελ), or Marj ibn Amir (Arabic: مرج ابن عامر, romanized: Marj ibn ʿĀmir, lit. 'Meadow of ibn Amir') is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands of the Lower Galilee, to the south by the highlands of Samaria, to the west and northwest by the Mount Carmel range, and to the east by the Jordan Valley, with Mount Gilboa marking its southern extent. The largest settlement in the valley is the city of Afula, which lies near its center.
Mexico's Next Top Model season 1
Season one of Mexico's Next Top Model, the Mexican adaptation of Tyra Banks' America's Next Top Model, aired on Sony Entertainment Television from October 1 to December 17 2009. The show was hosted by Mexican model Elsa Benítez, with a judging panel composed of photographer Allan Fis, TV personality Jo Lance, and former model Glenda Reyna.

The prizes for this season included a US$100,000 contract with Shock Modeling, a cover feature and an editorial spread in Glamour magazine, and trips to San Francisco and London sponsored by Sedal.

The winner of the competition was 18-year-old Mariana Bayón from Coahuila.

Mexico's Next Top Model
Mexico's Next Top Model is a Mexican reality television series that aired on Sony Entertainment Television from October 1, 2009, to December 15, 2014. The show, hosted by Mexican fashion model Elsa Benitez, and later Jaydy Michel, was based on Tyra Banks' America's Next Top Model (2003–2018) and aimed to discover Mexico's next top fashion model.

Over the course of five seasons, contestants competed for an array of prizes including modeling and advertisement contracts, while taking part in a number of photo shoots and other fashion related challenges. It was the second adaptation of Top Model in Latin America after Brazil's Next Top Model, which aired three seasons from 2007 to 2009, and was hosted by model Fernanda Motta.
Paul von Mitesser
Paul von Mitesser (1757–1833) was an Austrian platzmajor (fortress officer) based in Semlin (Zemun) at the Habsburg-Ottoman border and spy active in the European part of the Ottoman Empire. He was an intermediate between the Austrian military command and the Serbs in the Pashalik of Belgrade. Following the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13) he became an Austrian contact of Revolutionary Serbia. He served as an Austrian consul in Travnik, Sanjak of Bosnia, tasked with upholding Austro-Ottoman relations and counter French and Russian influence.

Oberstleutnant
Oberstleutnant (German pronunciation: [ˈʔoːbɐstlɔʏtnant]) (English: Lieutenant Colonel) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to lieutenant colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland and Norway. The Swedish rank överstelöjtnant is a direct translation, as is the Finnish rank everstiluutnantti.
Ghazi Amanullah Town
Ghazi Amanullah Khan Town (Pashto: غازي امان الله خان مېنه) is a planned community located next to the Kabul–Jalalabad Road roughly 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Jalalabad in Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan.

The developers of the neighborhood set aside land for the construction of Ghazi Amanullah International Cricket Stadium, which now hosts regular cricket matches.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.