hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solly Madonna
The Solly Madonna by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael was painted sometime between 1500 and 1504.

An early work, it clearly shows the influence of Raphael's teacher Perugino. Two motifs in this work would recur in later Madonnas by Raphael. The virgin Mary is reading a book, as in the Madonna and Child in the Norton Simon Museum, the Conestabile Madonna, the Madonna Colonna and the Madonna del cardellino. As in that last painting a small bird, a goldfinch, is part of the scene.

The painting is located in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. It is called the Solly Madonna because it was owned by the British banker and art collector Edward Solly (1776–1848).

Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
The Gemäldegalerie (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː], lit. 'Painting Gallery') is an art museum in Berlin, Germany, and the museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) is displayed.  It was first opened in 1830, and the current building was completed in 1998. It is located in the Kulturforum museum district west of Potsdamer Platz.

It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.  Its collection includes masterpieces from such artists as Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach, Hans Holbein, Rogier van der Weyden, Jan van Eyck, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, David Teniers the Younger, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds  and Antonio Viviani.
Mount Lebanon Governorate
Mount Lebanon Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جبل لبنان) is one of the nine governorates of Lebanon, of which it is the most populous. Its capital is Baabda. Other notable towns and cities include Aley, Bikfaya, and Beit Mery.

This governorate is named after the mountainous region of Mount Lebanon and, except for the small Beirut Governorate which it surrounds, spans the stretch of the Mediterranean coast between Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate and South Governorate.

Governorates of Lebanon
Lebanon is divided into nine governorates (Arabic: muhafazah).

Each governorate is headed by a governor (Arabic: muhafiz).

All of the governorates except for Beirut and Akkar are divided into districts, which are further subdivided into municipalities.

The newest governorate is Keserwan-Jbeil, which was gazetted on 7 September 2017 but whose first governor, Pauline Deeb, was not appointed until 2020. Implementation of the next most recently created governorates, Akkar and Baalbek-Hermel, also remains ongoing since the appointment of their first governors in 2014.
Barker Road
Barker Road (Chinese: 白加道) is a road located on Victoria Peak, Hong Kong at an altitude of approximately 350 metres (1150 ft) above sea level with a length of about 1,7 km (1,1 mi). It starts from the Old Peak Road (below the Peak Tram Upper Terminus) and ends at Magazine Gap on Peak Road.

Old Peak Road
Old Peak Road (Chinese: 舊山頂道) is a road in the Mid-Levels on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is the most direct path from Victoria Gap and Victoria Peak to Central on Hong Kong Island. The highest altitude is about 350 meters, the highest altitude of the driving road is about 200 meters, which is the Dynasty Court, and the mountain road is 350 meters.
Global Broadcasting
Global Broadcasting LLC. was a private broadcasting company in the United States. Global was a Delaware corporation based in San Francisco, California, and Providence, Rhode Island, and was founded by Kevin O'Brien and Robinson Ewert. Founded in early 2007, Global owned WLNE-TV, the ABC affiliate in Providence from 2007 to 2011. This was the company's first and only television station, purchased from Irvine, California-based Freedom Communications in 2007, who previously owned WLNE since 1983. The owners of Global Broadcasting planned to expand into other regions of the country; however, they were unable to acquire any additional stations.

Freedom Communications
Freedom Communications, Inc. was an American media conglomerate that operated newspapers, magazines, television stations and websites across the United States. Raymond C. Hoiles organized the company in 1950 and headquartered it in Santa Ana, California, but later relocated to Irvine. Its flagship title was the Orange County Register. Under Hoiles and his two sons, the company embraced a Libritarian philosophy in its editorial content. Hoiles died in 1970 and the company was then managed by his heirs. The Hoiles family lost control of Freedom Communications after it declared bankruptcy in 2009. Investment firms then sold off most assets, with the name and seven titles purchased by private equity firm 2100 Trust, established by investor Aaron Kushner. The company went bankrupt a second time in late 2015 and its two remaining newspapers were sold at auction in 2016 to Digital First Media.
Timmins—Chapleau
Timmins—Chapleau was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1997. It was located in the northeast part of the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Cochrane, Nipissing, Timiskaming and Timmins ridings.

It initially consisted of the northern part of the Territorial District of Sudbury, the eastern part of the Territorial District of Algoma, the Township of Teefy, the City of Timmins and the Town of Iroquois Falls in the Territorial District of Cochrane, and the western part of the Territorial District of Timiskaming.

After 1987, it consisted of parts of the Territorial Districts of Algoma, Cochrane, Sudbury and Timiskaming.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed between Algoma, Nickel Belt, Timiskaming—Cochrane, and Timmins-James Bay ridings.

Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing
Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until 2023. The area was represented by the riding of Algoma from 1867 to 1904 and from 1968 to 1996 and then by Algoma—Manitoulin from 1996 to 2004. In 2023 the riding was dissolved with parts going to Kapuskasing—Timmins—Mushkegowuk, Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma, Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel Belt, and Thunder Bay—Superior North.
Pi Orionis
Pi Orionis (π Ori, π Orionis) is a group of fairly widely scattered stars in the constellation Orion that constitute the asterism Orion's Shield or Orion's Bow.

They form an exception to the general rule that stars that share the same Bayer designation are close together: π1 is nearly 9° north of π6 (Tau Eridani is an even more noteworthy example of this).

π1 Ori (7 Orionis)

π2 Ori (2 Orionis)

π3 Ori (1 Orionis)

π4 Ori (3 Orionis)

π5 Ori (8 Orionis, forms a visual double with 5 Orionis)

π6 Ori (10 Orionis)

All of them were member of asterism 參旗 (Shēn Qí), Banner of Three Stars, Net mansion.

Tau Eridani
Tau Eridani (τ Eridani, τ Eri) is a group of fairly widely scattered stars in the constellation Eridanus.

τ1 Eridani (1 Eridani)

τ2 Eridani (2 Eridani)

τ3 Eridani (11 Eridani)

τ4 Eridani (16 Eridani)

τ5 Eridani (19 Eridani)

τ6 Eridani (27 Eridani)

τ7 Eridani (28 Eridani)

τ8 Eridani (33 Eridani)

τ9 Eridani (36 Eridani)

Because of the large separation of the stars, sometimes they were not designated like above. For example, in Lacaille’s catalogue, τ6 was designated n, τ6 was designated n, τ7 was designated m, and τ9 was designated k. In Bode’s catalog, only τ1 and 2 were designated Tau. τ3 was designated E, τ4 was designated j, τ5 was designated t, τ6,7 were designated m, and τ8,9 was designated l. These designations were not withheld and reverted to the chain of Tau stars.
All of them were member of asterism 天苑 (Tiān Yuàn), Celestial Meadows, Hairy Head mansion .
Monoamine-depleting agent
Monoamine-depleting agents are a group of drugs which reversibly deplete one or more of the monoamine neurotransmitters – serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. One mechanism by which these agents act is by inhibiting reuptake by the vesicular monoamine transporters, VMAT1 and VMAT2. Examples of monoamine-depleting agents include deutetrabenazine, methyldopa, oxypertine, reserpine, tetrabenazine, and valbenazine. Tetrabenazine selectively depletes dopamine at low doses and is used as an animal model of amotivation.

Monoamine synthesis inhibitors, such as the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor and serotonin synthesis inhibitor para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA or fenclonine), also act as monoamine-depleting agents, as do various other agents, for instance monoaminergic neurotoxins.

Oxypertine
Oxypertine, sold under the brand name Oxypertine among others, is an antipsychotic medication of the pertine group which was previously used in the treatment of schizophrenia but is no longer marketed. It was also evaluated for the treatment of anxiety.
Bhayna railway station
Bhayna railway station is a halt railway station on the Ranaghat–Gede line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system and operated by Eastern Railway. It is situated beside Mamjoan Road at Bhayna of Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line
The Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line is a 155 km (96 mi) long broad gauge railway line which connects Ranaghat Junction in the Nadia district with Lalgola in the Murshidabad district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The line runs up to the Bangladesh border near the Ganga river and is a part of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone.
Composite measure
Composite measure in statistics and research design refer to composite measures of variables, i.e. measurements based on multiple data items.

An example of a composite measure is an IQ test, which gives a single score based on a series of responses to various questions.

Three common composite measures include:

indexes - measures that summarize and rank specific observations, usually on the ordinal scale;

scales - advanced indexes whose observations are further transformed (scaled) due to their logical or empirical relationships;

typologies - measures that classify observations in terms of their attributes on multiple variables, usually on a nominal scale.

Level of measurement
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology and has since had a complex history, being adopted and extended in some disciplines and by some scholars, and criticized or rejected by others. Other classifications include those by Mosteller and Tukey, and by Chrisman.
2016 Asian Beach Games
The 5th Asian Beach Games (Vietnamese: Đại hội Thể thao Bãi biển châu Á lần thứ năm) was held in Da Nang, Vietnam. It was the second time for Vietnam to host an Asian multi-sports event, after Hanoi held the 2009 Asian Indoor Games. This was only the first time that an event was not held in Hanoi.

2009 Asian Indoor Games
The 2009 Asian Indoor Games (Vietnamese: Đại hội Thể thao Trong nhà châu Á 2009), officially the 3rd Asian Indoor Games (Vietnamese: Đại hội Thể thao Trong nhà châu Á lần thứ 3) and also known as Vietnam 2009, were a pancontinential indoor multi-sport event held in Vietnam from 30 October till 8 November 2009. This was the last edition of the event to be held under the "Asian Indoor Games" name before it was merged with another Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) event – Asian Martial Arts Games to form the larger Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.
Second Godmanis cabinet
The second Godmanis cabinet was the government of Latvia from 20 December 2007 to 12 March 2009.  It was the second government to be led by Ivars Godmanis, who was also Prime Minister from 1990 to 1993.  It took office on 20 December 2007, after the resignation of Ivars Godmanis, succeeding the second Kalvītis cabinet, which had lasted from 2007 to 2009.  It was replaced by the second Dombrovskis cabinet on 3 November 2010, after the October 2010 election.

Second Dombrovskis cabinet
The second Dombrovskis cabinet was the government of Latvia from 3 November 2010 to 25 October 2011.  It was the second government to be led by Valdis Dombrovskis, who was Prime Minister between 2009 and 2014.  It took office on 3 November 2010, after the October 2010 election, succeeding the first Dombrovskis cabinet, which had lasted from 2009 to 2010.  It was replaced by the third Dombrovskis cabinet on 25 October 2011, after the September 2011 election.
Kastanozem
Kastanozem (also known as "chestnut soil") is one of the 32 Reference Soil Groups of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). These soils are brighter than Chernozems, and are related to the Mollisols in the USDA soil taxonomy.  They are rich in humus, and originally covered with early maturing native grasslands vegetation, which produces a characteristic brown surface layer in the first meter in depth. They have a relative high level of exchangeable calcium ions and secondary carbonates starting within 70 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Kastanozems are found in relatively dry zones with 200 to 450 mm of rainfall a year.

The name has two origins: the Russian term 'каштановые почвы', 'каштанозем', where 'каштановые' is a shade of brown derived from the word "каштан" (kashtan), "chestnut" and refers to the color of its husk, and the Latin term castanea (chestnut).

USDA soil taxonomy
USDA soil taxonomy (ST) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Cooperative Soil Survey provides an elaborate classification of soil types according to several parameters (most commonly their properties) and in several levels: Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, and Series.  The classification was originally developed by Guy Donald Smith, former director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's soil survey investigations.
Chongqing Municipal Supervisory Commission
The Chongqing Municipal Supervisory Commission (Chinese: 重庆市监察委员会, 重庆市监察委), or Supervisory Commission of Chongqing Municipal, Chongqing Supervisory Commission is a provincial-level local state supervisory authority in Chongqing, co-located with the Disciplinary Inspection Committee of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was established in January 2018 to assume the functions of the former Chongqing Municipal Supervisory Bureau. The director of the Chongqing Municipal Supervision Commission is elected by the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress and is accountable to both the Congress and its Standing Committee, as well as the Supervision Commission of the People's Republic of China.

Chongqing Municipal People's Congress
The Chongqing Municipal People's Congress is the local people's congress of Chongqing. The Municipal People's Congress is elected for a term of five years. The meetings of the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress are held at least once a year in the Great Hall of the People. After a proposal by more than one-fifth of the deputies, a meeting of the people's congress at the corresponding level may be convened temporarily.
Vangengeym Glacier
Vangengeym Glacier (71°17′S 13°48′E﻿ / ﻿71.283°S 13.800°E﻿ / -71.283; 13.800) is a glacier about 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, draining the vicinity east of Mount Mentzel and flowing north toward Mount Seekopf in the Gruber Mountains, Queen Maud Land. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39, and was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60; remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61 and named after Soviet meteorologist Georgiy Vangengeym (1886–1961).

Mount Mentzel
Mount Mentzel (German: Mentzelberg) is a peak, 2,330 metres (7,640 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of Mount Zimmermann in the Gruber Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. it was discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for Rudolf Mentzel, the president of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society).
My Lucky Day (Chicago Fire)
"My Lucky Day" is the fifth episode of the ninth season of Chicago Fire. It is also the one hundredth and eighty-fourth episode overall. The episode was directed by Reza Tabrizi and written by Michael Gilvary & Andrea Newman & Derek Haas. The episode aired on February 3, 2021, on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) In the episode two characters, Lieutenant Christopher Hermann and Firefighter Joe Cruz, get trapped in a freight elevator during a building fire and are unable to contact anyone for assistance. It was designed as a bottle episode to cut higher production costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The episode received positive reviews and series stars David Eigenberg and Joe Miñoso were praised by Haas, crew members, and critics for their performance in the episode.

Chicago Fire (TV series)
Chicago Fire is an American procedural drama series broadcast by NBC. The series was created by Derek Haas and Michael Brandt and the series is the first installment of the Chicago franchise. It stars Jesse Spencer, Taylor Kinney, Monica Raymund, Lauren German, Charlie Barnett, David Eigenberg, Teri Reeves, Eamonn Walker, Yuri Sardarov, Christian Stolte, Joe Miñoso, Kara Killmer, Dora Madison Burge, Steven R. McQueen, Miranda Rae Mayo, Annie Ilonzeh, Alberto Rosende, Daniel Kyri, Adriyan Rae, Hanako Greensmith, Jake Lockett, Jocelyn Hudon and Dermot Mulroney, it premiered on October 10, 2012. As of January 21, 2026, the series has aired 284 episodes. In April 2023, the series was renewed for a twelfth season, which premiered on January 17, 2024. In May 2025, the series was renewed for a fourteenth season which premiered on October 1, 2025.
Serengdongrub
Serengdongrub (17 February 1894 – 2 August 1980), courtesy name Chü Ch'uan (Chinese: 巨川) and also known under the Chinese name of Pai Yün-t'i (Chinese: 白雲梯), was an Inner Mongolian politician in the Republic of China. An ethnic Mongol, he was a native of Harqin Middle Banner (today Ningcheng County, Chifeng).

Mongols in China
Mongols in China, also known as Mongolian Chinese or Chinese Mongols, are ethnic Mongols who live in China. They are one of the 56 ethnic groups recognized by the Chinese government.

As of 2020, there are 6,290,204 Mongols in China, a 0.45% increase from the 2010 national census. Most of them live in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Xinjiang and Qinghai. The Mongol population in China is nearly twice as much as that of the sovereign state of Mongolia.
Vowel reduction in Russian
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.

There are five vowel phonemes in Standard Russian. Vowels tend to merge when they are unstressed. The vowels /a/ and /o/ have the same unstressed allophones for a number of dialects and reduce to an unclear schwa /ə/. Unstressed /e/ may become more central and merge with /i/. Under some circumstances, /a/, /e/, /i/ and /o/ may all merge. The fifth vowel, /u/, may also be centralized but does not typically merge with any of the other vowels.

Other types of reduction are phonetic, such as that of the high vowels (/i/ and /u/), which become near-close. Thus, игра́ть ('to play') is pronounced [ɪˈɡratʲ]ⓘ , and узна́ть ('to recognize') is pronounced [ʊzˈnatʲ]ⓘ.

Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.
Prostitution in South Africa
Prostitution in South Africa is illegal for both buying and selling sex, as well as related activities such as brothel keeping and pimping. However, it remains widespread. Law enforcement is poor.

In 2013 the Sex Workers Education and Advocacy Task Force (SWEAT) estimated that there were between 121,000 and 167,000 prostitutes in South Africa.

HIV, child prostitution (including sex tourism) and human trafficking are problems in the country.

Sexual Offences Act, 1957
The Sexual Offences Act, 1957 (Act No. 23 of 1957, originally the Immorality Act, 1957) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which, in its current form, prohibits prostitution, brothel-keeping and procuring, and other activities related to prostitution. Before the law relating to sex offences was consolidated and revised by the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, it also prohibited various other sex offences, including sex with children under the age of consent and sex with the mentally incompetent. As the Immorality Act it was infamous for prohibiting sex between a white person and a person of another race, until that prohibition was removed by a 1985 amendment.
Wooleen Station
27°5′12″S 116°9′45″E﻿ / ﻿27.08667°S 116.16250°E﻿ / -27.08667; 116.16250

Wooleen Station is a pastoral lease that was previously operated as a sheep station and currently runs cattle. The station was established in 1886 in the Murchison region of Western Australia that is bisected by the Murchison River. The station is situated approximately 680 kilometres (423 mi) north of Perth in the Shire of Murchison.

The property lies just west of Boolardy Station, now the home of the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, which incorporates the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).

Shire of Murchison
The Shire of Murchison is a 49,500 km² local government area (LGA), within the Murchison sub-region, in the Mid West region of Western Australia. Encompassing most of the Murchison and East Murchison goldfields, the shire is named after the Murchison River. It is Australia's least-populated LGA and the only one without an official town. Five sparsely populated rural localities, with a collective population of 101 (as of 2021), comprise the entire shire. The shire offices, located 300 kilometres (186 mi) northeast of Geraldton, are the focal point of Murchison Settlement, a small part of the Murchison locality.
Eupalaestrus crassimetatarsis
Eupalaestrus crassimetatarsis is a tarantula in the  genus Eupalaestrus. It was first described by Leandro Malta Borges, Andressa Paladini, and Rogério Bertanii in 2021. It is found in Paraná, Brazil and Argentina.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.