hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Joseph Foy
James Joseph "J.J." Foy (February 22, 1847 – June 13, 1916) was an Ontario lawyer and political figure. He represented Toronto South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1898 to 1916.

He was born in Toronto, the son of Patrick Foy, a Toronto merchant, and educated at St. Michael's College, Toronto and Ushaw College. He was called to the bar in 1871 and set up practice with a law firm in Toronto. In 1879, he married Marie Cuvillier. Foy was named Queen's Counsel in 1883.

In 1902 Foy served as a pall-bearer at the funeral for his longtime friend, Catholic railway magnate, John Ryan; alongside fellow Ontario politicians George Taylor Fulford, William Henry Comstock, and G.P. Graham.

He served as Attorney General from 1905 to 1914. Foy helped finance the Catholic Register, a Catholic weekly newspaper based in Toronto.

Foy died in office in 1916.

Attorney General (Ontario)
The Attorney General of Ontario is the chief legal adviser to His Majesty the King in Right of Ontario and, by extension, the Government of Ontario. The attorney general is a senior member of the Executive Council of Ontario, and oversees the Ministry of the Attorney General, which is the department responsible for the oversight of the justice system in the province of Ontario.

The attorney general is an elected Member of Provincial Parliament who is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario on the constitutional advice of the Premier of Ontario. Doug Downey was appointed attorney general of Ontario on 20 June 2019, replacing Caroline Mulroney. Most holders of the office have been practising lawyers, with the exception of Mulroney and Marion Boyd.
Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor
In relativistic physics, the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor is the contribution to the stress–energy tensor due to the electromagnetic field. The stress–energy tensor describes the flow of energy and momentum in spacetime. The electromagnetic stress–energy tensor contains the negative of the classical Maxwell stress tensor that governs the electromagnetic interactions.

Stress–energy tensor
The stress–energy tensor, sometimes called the stress–energy–momentum tensor or the energy–momentum tensor, is a tensor field quantity that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum at each point in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics. It is an attribute of matter, radiation, and non-gravitational force fields. This density and flux of energy and momentum are the sources of the gravitational field in the Einstein field equations of general relativity, just as mass density is the source of such a field in Newtonian gravity.
2026 World Rugby Junior World Championship
the 2026 World Rugby Junior World Championship (Georgian: 2026 წლის 20-წლამდელთა მსოფლიო ჩემპიონატი რაგბში, Romanized: 2026 ts'lis 20-ts'lamdelta msoplio chempionati ragbshi) is the upcoming, 16th premier age-grade (World Rugby Under-20 Championship) rugby union competition. The tournament will be hosted in Tbilisi and Kutaisi. This is the second edition to be held in Georgia, with first being in 2017. That edition was also hosted in Tbilisi and Kutaisi. This edition is third to feature 16 teams, with first and second being 2008 (inaugural) and 2009 editions. The 16 participating teams are the 12 teams which participated in the 2025 edition, 12th team of  2024 edition and 3 teams that finished among the top 4 in the 2024 trophy.

2008 IRB Junior World Championship
The 2008 IRB Junior World Championship was the first annual international rugby union competition for Under 20 national teams. All players who were twenty years of age or under on 1 January 2008 were eligible for selection.

This competition replaced the now defunct Under 19 Rugby World Championship and Under 21 Rugby World Championship. The event, organised by rugby's governing body, the International Rugby Board (IRB), was contested by sixteen men's under-20 national teams.

The tournament was held in June and hosted by Wales, at four separate venues, and won by New Zealand.
Qiaowanlong
Qiaowanlong (meaning "Qiaowan dragon") is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaur. Fossils belonging to the genus were found in the Yujinzi Basin of what is today Gansu Province, China.  The remains come from a geological formation called the Xiagou Formation in the Xinminpu Group, dating to the late Aptian Stage of the Early Cretaceous.

Euornithes
Euornithes (from the Greek word ευόρνιθες euórnithes meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to the enantiornithines. This group was defined in the PhyloCode by Juan Benito and colleagues in 2022 as "the largest clade containing Vultur gryphus, but not Enantiornis leali and Cathayornis yandica".
Gimsøy Church
Gimsøy Church (Norwegian: Gimsøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vågan Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gimsøysand on the island of Gimsøya. It is the main church for the Gimsøy og Strauman parish which is part of the Lofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1876 using plans drawn up by the architect Carl J. Bergstrøm. The church seats about 300 people.

Vågan Municipality
Vågan (Northern Sami: Vuogát) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Svolvær. Some of the villages in Vågan include Digermulen, Gimsøysand, Gravermarka, Henningsvær, Hopen, Kabelvåg, Kleppstad, Laupstad, Liland, Skrova, Straumnes, and Sydalen.

The 479-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) municipality is the 209th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vågan Municipality is the 117th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,793. The municipality's population density is 20.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (53/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Latrell Mitchell
Latrell Mitchell (né Goolagong; born 16 June 1997) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the National Rugby League (NRL). He has also represented both New South Wales in the State of Origin series and Australia at international level as a centre.

Mitchell began his NRL career with the Sydney Roosters and was a member of the 2018 and 2019 NRL Grand Final championship rosters as a centre. Additionally, he has represented the Indigenous All Stars. He played on the wing early in his career and has also played five-eighth on occasion.

Glossary of rugby league terms
Rugby league football has accrued considerable jargon to describe aspects of the game. Many terms originate in the Laws of the Game. Some aspects of the game have more than one term referring to them. Different terms have become popularly used to describe an aspect of the game in different places, with notable differences between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Words in a sentence which are also defined elsewhere in this glossary appear in italics.
Spanish phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language. Unless otherwise noted, statements refer to Castilian Spanish, the standard dialect used in Spain on radio and television. For historical development of the sound system, see History of Spanish. For details of geographical variation, see Spanish dialects and varieties.

Phonemic representations are written inside slashes (/ /), while phonetic representations are written in brackets ([ ]).

Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are [n], [ŋ] and [m], in words such as nose, bring and mouth.

Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages. There are also other kinds of nasal consonants in some languages.
John Ryan (artist)
John Ryan (1925–1992) was an Irish artist, broadcaster, publisher, critic, editor, and publican.

Ryan was a well-known man of letters, an artist and a key figure in bohemian Dublin of the 1940s and 1950s. He founded Envoy, A Review of Literature and Art, in response to Irish trade and censorship restrictions. Friend and intimate (and sometime benefactor) to a number of struggling artists and writers in the post-war era, such as Patrick Kavanagh and Brendan Behan; Ryan's memoirs, Remembering How We Stood, evoke literary Dublin of the period 1945-55. Involved in numerous literary events and happenings and, with Brian O'Nolan, organised the first Bloomsday.

National College of Art and Design
The National College of Art and Design (NCAD) is Ireland's oldest art institution, offering the largest range of art and design degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level in the country. Originating as a drawing school in 1746, many of the most important Irish artists, designers and art educators have studied or taught in the college. NCAD has always been located in central Dublin, and in 1980 it relocated to the historic Liberties area. The College has around 950 full-time students and a further 600 pursuing part-time courses, and NCAD's students come from more than forty countries. NCAD is a Recognised College of University College Dublin. It is also a member of the European League of Institutes of the Arts.
117th Air Refueling Wing
The 117th Air Refueling Wing is a unit of the Alabama Air National Guard, stationed at Sumpter Smith Air National Guard Base Birmingham, Alabama.  If activated to federal service, it is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.

The 106th Air Refueling Squadron, assigned to the Wings 117th Operations Group, is a descendant organization of the World War I 106th Aero Squadron, established on 27 August 1917. It was reactivated in 1922, and as the 106th Observation Squadron was one of 29 National Guard observation squadrons formed before World War II.

Douglas A-26 Invader
The Douglas A-26 Invader (designated B-26 between 1948 and 1965) is an American twin-engined light bomber and ground attack aircraft. Built by Douglas Aircraft Company during World War II, the Invader also saw service during several major Cold War conflicts. A limited number of highly modified United States Air Force aircraft served in Southeast Asia until 1969. It was a fast aircraft capable of carrying a large bomb load. A range of guns could be fitted to produce a formidable ground-attack aircraft.

A redesignation of the type from A-26 to B-26 has led to confusion with the earlier and unrelated medium bomber Martin B-26 Marauder, which had already been withdrawn from service when the designation was reused.
Umakunda Rural Municipality
Umakunda is a Rural municipality located within the Ramechhap District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 451.99 square kilometres (174.51 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 17,601 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Gumdel, Bamti Bhandar, Kubukasthali, Priti, Gupteshwar and Bhuji VDCs were merged to form Umakunda Rural Municipality.
Umakunda is divided into 7 wards, with Priti declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Priti, Nepal
Priti is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,660 people living in 948 individual households.

Around 80 percent of people in Priti are Sunuwar.
Anson Constituency
Anson Constituency was a constituency in Singapore. It used to exist from 1959 to 1988. During the 1988 electoral reforms, most of the constituency was merged into Tiong Bahru Group Representation Constituency (GRC) while the reminder was merged into Tanjong Pagar Single Member Constituency (SMC).

Tanjong Pagar Single Member Constituency
Tanjong Pagar Single Member Constituency was a single member constituency (SMC) in Tanjong Pagar, Singapore. The constituency was formed in 1955 and was abolished in 1991. It was one of the longest-surviving constituencies since the pre-independence era, and has been a People's Action Party stronghold. Throughout its history, the seat was only held by the late Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, who held the longest political term in Parliament from 1955 to 2015.
Vimieiro (Santa Comba Dão)
Vimieiro is a village and former civil parish (freguesia) in the Portuguese municipality of Santa Comba Dão in the Viseu District. Since the administrative reorganization of Portuguese sub-municipalities (freguesias) in 2012/2013, it has been part of the sub-municipality of 'Óvoa en Vimieiro'. In 2011 it had 804 residents. It is best known as the birthplace and resting place of the dictator under the Estado Novo regime, António de Oliveira Salazar.

Santa Comba Dão
Santa Comba Dão (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈkõbɐ ˈðɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in the Viseu District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 11,597, in an area of 111.95 km2. The city proper has a population of 3,300.

The present mayor is Leonel Gouveia, elected in 2013 by Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.

António de Oliveira Salazar, the leader of Portugal from 1932 to 1968 and founder of the Estado Novo, was born in Vimieiro, Santa Comba Dão on 28 April 1889 to a rural family of modest income.

The town's station was formerly a terminus of the Dão line to/from Viseu. This narrow gauge railway opened in 1890 and was closed to passengers in 1988.

Santa Comba Dão was granted city status in 1999. In mid-2000s, a serial killer murdered three young women in the municipality.
Jennifer Berezan
Jennifer Berezan (born January 19, 1961) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and activist. A native of Alberta, she has released ten albums, which explore themes in environmental, women's, and other justice movements. Her work spans several musical genres and often includes other artists, and large-scale multicultural events. Berezan's 1993 album, Borderlines, was nominated for a NAIRD Award for independent music.

Chant
A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.  Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant.  Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the Late Middle Ages, some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).
Immunologic constant of rejection
The Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR), is a notion introduced by biologists to group a shared set of genes expressed in tissue destructive-pathogenic conditions like cancer and infection, along a diverse set of physiological circumstances of tissue damage or organ failure, including autoimmune disease or allograft rejection. The identification of shared mechanisms and phenotypes by distinct immune pathologies, marked as a hallmarks or biomarkers, aids in the identification of novel treatment options, without necessarily assessing patients phenomenologies individually.

Allotransplantation
Allotransplant (allo- meaning "other" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.

It is contrasted with autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person), syngenic transplantation of isografts (grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals) and xenotransplantation (from other species).

Allografts can be referred to as "homostatic" if they are biologically inert when transplanted, such as bone and cartilage.

An immune response against an allograft or xenograft is termed rejection. An allogenic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack on the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease.
NN postcode area
The NN postcode area, also known as the Northampton postcode area, is a group of nineteen postcode districts in England, within eight post towns. These cover most of Northamptonshire (including Northampton, Kettering, Wellingborough, Corby, Brackley, Daventry, Rushden and Towcester), plus very small parts of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Leicestershire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire.

Towcester
Towcester (/ˈtoʊstər/ TOH-stər) is a market town and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority area of Northamptonshire, England. From 1974 to 2021, it was the administrative centre of the South Northamptonshire district.

Towcester is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. It was the Roman town of Lactodurum, located on Watling Street, today's A5. In Saxon times, this was the frontier between the kingdom of Wessex and the Danelaw. Towcester features in Charles Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers as one of Mr Pickwick's stopping places on his tour. The local racecourse has hosted many national horseracing events.
Cora elephas
Cora elephas, the elephant heart lichen, is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Robert Lücking, Bibiana Moncada, and Leidy Yasmín Vargas-Mendoza. The specific epithet elephas refers the "grey colour and elephant skin-like consistency" of the lichen. It occurs at elevations greater than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the northern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, where it grows mostly on rocks, but sometimes with mosses and other lichens. Cora elephas is one of the largest species in genus Cora.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Ivančena
Ivančena is a stone cairn erected as a memorial for five Scouts, members of the Silesian Scout Resistance, who were executed in April 1945 in Cieszyn, modern-day Poland, for their part in the Czech resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II. The monument is located on Lysá hora, a mountain in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids in the Czech Republic. Annually near Saint George's Day (23 April), Czech Scouts make a pilgrimage to the site.

History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)
From the Communist coup d'état in February 1948 to the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Czechoslovakia was ruled by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ). The country belonged to the Eastern Bloc and was a member of the Warsaw Pact and of Comecon. During the era of Communist Party rule, thousands of Czechoslovaks faced political persecution for various offences, such as trying to emigrate across the Iron Curtain.

The 1993 Act on Lawlessness of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It determined that the communist government was illegal and that the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was a criminal organisation.
Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
The Marangál na Dalit ng̃ Katagalugan (English title: Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People) is a song of the Philippine Revolution composed in November 1896 by Julio Nakpil at the request of Andres Bonifacio as the anthem of the revolutionary Tagalog Republic. However, this nascent revolutionary government was displaced and superseded by a succession of revolutionary governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo and the composition known today as Lupang Hinirang became the national anthem of the Republic of the Philippines.

Dalit (poem)
The dalit is a type of short Filipino poem, consisting of four lines with eight syllables each.

There is a controversy regarding its origin. One school of thought states that the dalit is Spanish in origin, particularly because its syllabification is even or pares. Hence, it is said that the Spanish popularized the dalit in the Philippines.  Another view holds that the dalit is indigenous, but the friars used its popularity to promote Catholicism, in the form of meditative verses.
Channel Highway
The Channel Highway is a regional highway that travels south from Hobart To Huonville, Tasmania, Australia. The Channel Highway starts from the end of Sandy Bay Road and travels south toward Huonville via Taroona, Kingston, Huntingfield, Margate, Kettering, Woodbridge and Cygnet. The shortest way from Hobart to Huonville is via the Huon Highway. Prior to the construction of the Southern Outlet the Channel Highway was the main route used to get to Kingston and other southern towns.

Kingston, Tasmania
Kingston is a town on the outskirts of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.  Nestled 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the city between and around several hills, Kingston is the seat of the Kingborough Council, and today serves as the gateway between Hobart and the D'Entrecasteaux Channel region, which meets the Derwent River nearby.  It is one of the fastest-growing regions in Tasmania. The Kingston-Huntingfield statistical area had an estimated population of 13,473 in June 2021.

Although the Kingston-Blackmans Bay region is statistically classed as a separate urban area to Hobart by the ABS, Kingston is also part of the Greater Hobart statistical area.
CloudLinux OS
CloudLinux OS is a commercial Linux distribution marketed to shared hosting providers. It is developed by software company CloudLinux, Inc. CloudLinux OS is based on the CentOS operating system; it uses the OpenVZ kernel and the RPM package manager.

Shared web hosting service
A shared web hosting service is a web hosting service where many websites reside on one web server connected to the Internet. The overall cost of server maintenance is spread over many customers. By using shared hosting, the website will share a physical server with one or more other websites.
Antenna Group
Antenna Group or ANT1 Group, is a media company in Greece and currently the largest Greek media company. It was established on 2 August 1989 by Minos Kyriakou. Today, his son, Theodore Kyriakou, heads up a media empire whose operations include broadcasting, radio, publishing, digital, educational services, telecommunications, and a record label. At the cornerstone of the company is ANT1 TV, one of the largest and most successful private television networks in Greece.

ANT1 Group has also expanded its operations abroad, launching international feeds of ANT1 TV for Greek audiences abroad. It now operates stations serving North America, Europe, and Australasia, securing a high-profile North American headquarters near Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, as well as acquiring a regional feed of ANT1 Cyprus.

AXN Spin
AXN Spin is a television channel owned by Sony Pictures Television International. When was launched was aimed primarily at a younger audience, which broadcasts reality shows, cartoons, anime and television series, but now shows reruns of other AXN channels.