hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
COPI
COPI is a coatomer, a protein complex that coats vesicles transporting proteins from the cis end of the Golgi complex back to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they were originally synthesized, and between Golgi compartments.  This type of transport is retrograde transport, in contrast to the anterograde transport associated with the COPII protein.  The name "COPI" refers to the specific coat protein complex that initiates the budding process on the cis-Golgi membrane.  The coat consists of large protein subcomplexes that are made of seven different protein subunits, namely α, β, β', γ, δ, ε and ζ.

GTPase-activating protein
GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate their GTPase activity, with the result of terminating the signaling event.  GAPs are also known as RGS protein, or RGS proteins, and these proteins are crucial in controlling the activity of G proteins.  Regulation of G proteins is important because these proteins are involved in a variety of important cellular processes.  The large G proteins, for example, are involved in transduction of signaling from the G protein-coupled receptor for a variety of signaling processes like hormonal signaling, and small G proteins are involved in processes like cellular trafficking and cell cycling.  GAP's role in this function is to turn the G protein's activity off.  In this sense, GAPs function is opposite to that of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which serve to enhance G protein signaling.
Leung Kwun Chung
Leung Kwun Chung (Chinese: 梁冠聰; born 1 April 1992 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong professional football player who plays as a defensive midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern.

He is the older brother of current Zhejiang Pro player Leung Nok Hang.

Hong Kong Top Footballer Awards
The Hong Kong Top Footballers Awards (Chinese: 香港足球明星選舉), established by the Hong Kong Football Association in 1978, recognizes the top performers for each season's Hong Kong Premier League. The prizes are decided according to the votes from mass media and the general public. The Best Eleven Squad are voted by the public, Premier League coaches and managers and staff from different mass media. The votes from public counts 30% and the remaining 70% are from the professionals. Some other newer prizes include Best Youth Player, Best Foreign Player and Best Coach Award. In 2004, the Most Popular Player Award was established and in the same year, named sponsorship was used. There were some special prizes given out during the history, which includes the Silver Jubilee Footballer Award for Wu Kwok Hung in 2003 and Hong Kong Broadcasting 75th Anniversary Honour Award for Yiu Cheuk Yin, Tam Kong Pak and Ko Po Keung in 2004.
Bridge of Sighs (novel)
Bridge of Sighs  is a 2007 novel written by American author Richard Russo. The book centers on small-town life in Upstate New York, similar to other novels published by Russo. It was published by Alfred A. Knopf to favorable reviews.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Gavirate
Gavirate is a comune (municipality) in the province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,438 and an area of 13.3 square kilometres (5.1 sq mi).

The comune of Gavirate contains the frazioni (hamlets) Oltrona al Lago, Voltorre and other mainly villages: Groppello, Le Vigne, Fignano, Forte di Orino, Fienile delle Pianezze, Armino, Pozzuolo, Cual, Ca'de Monti, Ronco, and Benedetto.

Gavirate borders the following comuni: Barasso, Bardello con Malgesso e Bregano, Besozzo, Biandronno, Casciago, Cocquio-Trevisago, Comerio, Cuvio, Varese.

Bardello con Malgesso e Bregano
Bardello con Malgesso e Bregano is a town and comune located in the province of Varese, in the Lombardy region of northern Italy. It was established on 1 January 2023 from the merger of Bardello, Malgesso and Bregano.
Garcinia warrenii
Garcinia warrenii, commonly known as native mangosteen or Warren's mangosteen, a is a fruit-bearing tree up to 15 metres in height of the mangosteen family Clusiaceae. It is found in the tropical rainforests of northern and north-eastern Australia and New Guinea. The genus Garcinia includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia and Africa. Garcinia warrenii is indigenous to New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, northeastern Queensland from Cape York Peninsula south to Babinda, and a small, isolated population on Melville Island in the Northern Territory, Australia.

Garcinia warrenii is found in rain forest, littoral rainforest and riparian forest from 0 to 780 m.

Garcinia
Garcinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae native to the Sundaland bioregion of Asia, America, Australia, tropical and southern Africa, and Polynesia. The number of species is disputed; Plants of the World Online (POWO) recognise up to 400. Commonly, the plants in this genus are called saptrees, mangosteens (which may also refer specifically to Garcinia mangostana), or garcinias, and is one of several plants known as by the name "monkey fruit". The genus is named after French botanist Laurent Garcin (1683–1751).

Trees of many species from this genus tend to grow deep in forested areas where other plants grow nearby.: 10  They are threatened by habitat destruction, and at least one species, G. cadelliana, from South Andaman Island, is almost or even completely extinct already.
Alexey Maslov
Alexey Fyodorovich Maslov (23 September 1953 – 25 December 2022) was a Russian general of the army who was Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces from 2004 to 2008 and Senior Russian Military Representative to NATO from 2008 to 2011.

Suspicious Russia-related deaths since 2022
Since the beginning of 2022, numerous Russia-related people, particularly businessmen and officials, have died under what some sources suggest were suspicious circumstances. Incidents include individuals who have suspiciously fallen out of windows, killed themselves, and died unexpectedly in accidents.
Morocco national under-20 football team
Morocco national under-20 football team, represents Morocco in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation, the governing body for football in Morocco. The current coach is Mohamed Ouahbi.

2020 UNAF U-20 Tournament
The 2020 UNAF U-20 Tournament was the 13th edition of the UNAF U-20 Tournament. The tournament took place in Tunisia, from 13 to 28 December 2020.
This tournament serves as a qualification event for the Africa U-20 Cup of Nations. The champions and the runners-up will qualify for the 2021 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations.
1964 Brownlow Medal
The 1964 Brownlow Medal was the 37th presentation of this award, given to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Gordon Collis from the Carlton Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-seven votes during the 1964 VFL season.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
Mogharrab-e Do
Mogharrab-e Do (Persian: مغرب 2; also known as Maghreb, Mogharrab, Moqarreb, Moqarreb-e, and Qaryeh-ye Moqarreb) is a village in Rahmatabad Rural District, Zarqan District, Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 31 families.

Rahmatabad Rural District (Zarqan County)
Rahmatabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان رحمت آباد) is in Rahmatabad District of Zarqan County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mehrian. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rahmatabad.
Carol Kenyon
Carol Kenyon (sometimes spelt Karol; born 1959) is a British singer. She is best known for her vocals on the Heaven 17 hit song "Temptation", which reached number two in the UK Singles Chart in 1983. When the song was re-released as a remix by Brothers in Rhythm in 1992, again featuring Carol's vocals, it made number 4. She was also featured on the Paul Hardcastle hit "Don't Waste My Time", which got to number 8 in 1986. She also recorded the songs "Warrior Woman", "Dance with Me" and "Fascinating".

Jon and Vangelis
Jon and Vangelis was a music collaboration between British rock singer Jon Anderson (lead vocalist of the progressive rock band Yes) and Greek synthesiser musician Vangelis. The duo released four albums between 1980 and 1991.
Indeo
Indeo Video (commonly known now simply as "Indeo") is a family of audio and video formats and codecs first released in 1992, and designed for real-time video playback on desktop CPUs. While its original version was related to Intel's DVI video stream format, a hardware-only codec for the compression of television-quality video onto compact discs, Indeo was distinguished by being one of the first codecs allowing full-speed video playback without using hardware acceleration.  Also unlike Cinepak and TrueMotion S, the compression used the same Y'CbCr 4:2:0 colorspace as the ITU's H.261 and ISO's MPEG-1.
Indeo use was free of charge to allow for broadest usage.

Video codec
A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder.

The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video. A consequence of this is that decompressed video has lower quality than the original, uncompressed video because there is insufficient information to accurately reconstruct the original video.

There are complex relationships between the video quality, the amount of data used to represent the video (determined by the bit rate), the complexity of the encoding and decoding algorithms, sensitivity to data losses and errors, ease of editing, random access, and end-to-end delay (latency).
Next year in Havana
The phrase: "next year in Havana", or similarly: "next year in Cuba", are popular phrases used by Cuban exiles, that are often used as toasts during family holidays, and are used to reaffirm the temporary status of their exile, and a wish to one day return to Cuba. The phrase is often used in homage to the Hebrew prayer: L'Shana Haba'ah, which is said at the end of Passover Seder, and translates to English as: "Next year in Jerusalem". This prayer is said in reference to Jewish life in diaspora, and a desire to one day return to Israel.

These phrases have lost popularity since the 1960s, as hopes to return to Cuba have waned amongst Cuban exiles. The idea that the Castro government will soon be overthrown, has been seen as increasingly unlikely, and many Cuban exiles have also become better accustomed to life outside of Cuba, making a return less of a personal priority.

Cuban exile
A Cuban exile is a person who has been exiled from Cuba. Many Cuban exiles have various differing experiences as emigrants depending on when they emigrated from Cuba, and why they emigrated.

The exile of Cubans has been a dominating factor in Cuban history since the early independence struggles, in which various average Cubans and political leaders spent long periods of time in exile. Long since independence struggles, Miami has become a notable center of residence for exilic Cubans, and a cultural hub of Cuban life outside of Cuba. Miami became a center for Cuban emigrants, during the 1960s, because of a growing Cuban-owned business community which was supportive of recently arrived Cubans.
My Empire
My Empire is a city building game with an ancient Greco-Roman theme. The game was developed and published by Playfish and was released via Facebook in May 2010. In 2011 My Empire became the inaugural winner of the Social Network Game category at the 2011 BAFTA Video Game Awards.

The game was deliberately targeted at an older age range than Playfish's previous Facebook games, as the developer thought that there was an under-served market that the game would be able to capitalise on.

Playfish took My Empire and five other games offline in September 2011, citing a lack of players.

Playfish had also used the game to experiment with mobile phone integration with Facebook games. In November 2010, it launched an app that allowed users to manage their tax collection and resources in the game via their mobile phone, but the users weren't able to play the full game on the phone.

Playfish
Playfish was a short-lived developer of free-to-play social network games. Playfish was founded in 2007 by Kristian Segerstråle, Sebastien de Halleux, Sami Lababidi, and Shukri Shammas. It closed in 2013. Playfish in the past had tended to attract up to 55 million users a month, with over 37 million users coming from Facebook users.

In October 2008, they secured US$17 million in venture capital funding from Accel Partners and Index Ventures. The company was acquired by Electronic Arts in 2009, with the last of Playfish's games being retired in 2013.
Stephens Lake Park
Stephens Lake Park is a park located in Columbia, Missouri. Today it serves as an ArbNet Level II arboretum with a lake, open play areas and amphitheater  spanning 116 total acres. The Arboretum includes a Missouri native plant collection, and oak and maple collections.

In the early 1800s the David Gordon House and Collins Log Cabin were built upon the land. A century later Stephens College purchased the land from the Gordon family. During the start of the 21st century, the city purchased the land and opened it to the public.

Walter Williams (journalist)
Walter Williams (July 2, 1864 – July 29, 1935) was an American journalist and educator. He founded the world's first journalism school at the University of Missouri, and later served as the university's president. An internationalist, he promoted the ideals of journalism globally and is often referred to as "The Father of Journalism Education".
Asset-backed commercial paper program
An asset-backed commercial paper program (ABCP program, ABCP conduit, or simply conduit) is a type of non-bank financial entity that issues short-term debt, known as asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP), to fund medium- to long-term assets. These programs act like banks by providing liquidity and transforming maturities—borrowing short-term to finance longer-term investments—but operate outside traditional banking regulation. This structure makes them part of the shadow banking system, which involves financial activities beyond the oversight of standard banking rules.

Often set up by banks, ABCP programs typically manage bank assets off-balance-sheet, possibly to bypass regulatory capital requirements, a practice that tied them to the 2008 financial crisis.

In terminology, "ABCP" refers to the commercial paper itself, with maturities ranging up to 270 days and averaging around 30 days, while "conduit" means the issuing program.

Default (finance)
In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity. A national or sovereign default is the failure or refusal of a government to repay its national debt.

The biggest private default in history is Lehman Brothers, with over $600 billion when it filed for bankruptcy in 2008 (equivalent to over $860 billion in 2024). The biggest sovereign default is Greece, with $138 billion in March 2012 (equivalent to $197 billion in 2024).
Ash Power
Lieutenant General Brian Ashley "Ash" Power AO, CSC (born 20 January 1957) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. Power served as Chief of Joint Operations from 2011 until his retirement in May 2014.

Chief of Joint Operations (Australia)
The Chief of Joint Operations (CJOPS) is a three-star role within the Australian Defence Force (ADF), responsible for the Joint Operations Command and joint operational deployments, such as United Nations peacekeeping and joint task groups. Until 2007, the Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) was double hatted, additionally exercising the responsibilities of CJOPS. However, in September 2007 the Minister of Defence, Brendan Nelson announced the formation of a separate CJOPS position based at the Headquarters Joint Operations Command (HQJOC) at Bungendore, New South Wales.
Rabbi Abba
Rabbi Abba (Hebrew: רבי אבא) was an amora (Talmud rabbi) of Babylonian birth who lived in the third and fourth centuries.

He was a pupil of Rabbis Huna and Judah bar Ezekiel, the Babylonian masters, and settled in the Land of Israel, where he achieved a high reputation. In the Babylonian schools, Rabbi Abba is always meant when reference is made to "our teacher in the land of Israel" (Sanhedrin 17b). He was wealthy and had a peculiar method of dispensing charity in secret (Ketubot 67b). He is important as a halakhist. As an aggadist, he selected chiefly Psalm verses for his texts.

Amoraim
Amoraim (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אמוראים [ʔamoraˈʔim], singular Amora אמורא [ʔamoˈra]; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.
1983 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 1983 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the 19th edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 18 September 1983. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Adri van der Poel.

Tour of Leuven
Tour of Leuven - Memorial Jef Scherens (until 2021 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens) is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in September in Leuven, Belgium. Since 2005, the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race is named after the seven-time professional sprint world champion Jef Scherens.

The local city circuit from the 2021 UCI Road World Championships, hosted in Leuven, was largely based on the circuit that is ridden during the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens.
Peasmarsh
Peasmarsh is a village and civil parish in the Rother district, in the county of East Sussex in England. It is located on the A268 road between Rye and Beckley, some 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of Rye.

The village church, dedicated to St Peter and Paul, lies about one mile (1.6 km) from the village; it is thought the village centre was moved after the Black Death plague. There are three public houses and a motel in close proximity to the village; and a country house hotel with a leisure centre. The village is also home to an independent supermarket, although the proprietors choose not to open their store on Sundays. Peasmarsh Place, now a residential care home, is to the south-east of the village.

Every year, in June, the Peasmarsh Chamber Music Festival, bringing world-class concerts of chamber music, is held in the church.

Rother District
Rother is a local government district in East Sussex, England. Its council is based in Bexhill-on-Sea. The district is named after the River Rother which flows within its boundaries.

The neighbouring districts are Wealden, Tunbridge Wells, Ashford, Folkestone and Hythe, and Hastings. Aside from its coast, Hastings is surrounded by Rother.
Cheese Factories on the Moon
Cheese Factories on the Moon: Why Earmarks are Good for American Democracy is a book by American political scientists Scott A. Frisch and Sean Q. Kelly. The title of the book was inspired by a quote by conservative Republican and former Senator Phil Gramm, who said:

If we should vote next week on whether to begin producing cheese in a factory on the moon, I almost certainly would oppose it...On the other hand, if the government decided to institute the policy, it would be my objective to see that a Texas contractor builds this celestial cheese plant, that the milk comes from Texas cows, and that the Earth distribution center is located in Texas.

Originally published in 2011, the book focuses on congressional appropriations earmarks.

Earmark (politics)
An earmark is a provision inserted into a discretionary spending appropriations bill that directs funds to a specific recipient while circumventing the merit-based or competitive funds allocation process. Earmarks feature in United States Congress spending policy, and they are present in public finance of many other countries as a form of political particularism.
MATT
Charles Edward Kerbs (August 8, 1940 – March 4, 2002), better known by his pen name MATT, was an American artist, actor, and playwright active in the late twentieth century, known for his erotic illustrations.

Leather subculture
Leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Many participants associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures. For some, black leather clothing is an erotic fashion that expresses heightened masculinity or the appropriation of sexual power; love of motorcycles, motorcycle clubs and independence; and/or engagement in sexual kink or leather fetishism.
W93
The W93 is an American nuclear warhead planned to replace the W76 and W88 warheads on United States Navy submarines from 2034. The warhead will be carried on the new Columbia-class submarines and will use a new aeroshell, the Mark 7 reentry body (RB). The warhead will be designed by Los Alamos National Laboratory.

The Mark 7 RB will also be used to house the United Kingdom's new warhead, Astraea, designed in parallel to the W93 and sharing some non-nuclear components.

W76
The W76 is an American thermonuclear warhead, designed for use on the UGM-96 Trident I submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) and subsequently moved to the UGM-133 Trident II as Trident I was phased out of service. The first variant, the W76 mod 0 (W76-0) was manufactured from 1978 to 1987. It was gradually replaced by the W76 mod 1 (W76-1) between 2008 and 2018, completely replacing the Mod 0 in the active stockpile. In 2018, it was announced that some Mod 1 warheads would be converted to a new low-yield W76 mod 2 (W76-2) version. The first Mod 2 warheads were deployed in late 2019.