hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conductorless orchestra
The conductorless orchestra, sometimes referred to as a self-conducted orchestra or unconducted orchestra, is an instrumental ensemble that functions as an orchestra but is not led or directed by a conductor. Most conductorless orchestras are smaller in size, and generally perform chamber orchestra repertoire. Several conductorless orchestras are made up of only strings and focus primarily on string orchestra repertoire. Conductorless orchestras generally come from the classical music tradition and perform standard repertoire, but many conductorless orchestras promote or specialise in contemporary classical music repertoire. Many contemporary classical music ensembles also regularly perform without conductors.

Orpheus Chamber Orchestra
The Orpheus Chamber Orchestra (founded in 1972) is a classical music chamber orchestra based in New York City. They have won several Grammy Awards, and are known for their collaborative leadership style in which the musicians, not a conductor, interpret the score.
Khaz (notation)
Khaz (Armenian: խազ) is an Armenian neume, one of a set of special signs (plural: khaz or khazes) constituting the traditional system of musical notation that has been used to transcribe religious Armenian music since the 8th century.

During the medieval period, the monasteries of Ark'akaghin, Drazark, Karmir Vank and Skevra became famous centers of manrousoumn, the study of church songs, melodies and the khaz notation.

Examples of khaz signs

Neume
A neume (/njuːm/; sometimes spelled neum) is the basic element of Western and some Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.

The earliest neumes were inflective marks that indicated the general shape but not necessarily the exact notes or rhythms to be sung. Later developments included the use of heightened neumes that showed the relative pitches between neumes, and the creation of a four-line musical staff that identified particular pitches. Neumes do not generally indicate rhythm, but additional symbols were sometimes juxtaposed with neumes to indicate changes in articulation, duration, or tempo. Neumatic notation was later used in medieval music to indicate certain patterns of rhythm called rhythmic modes, and eventually evolved into modern musical notation. Neumatic notation remains standard in modern editions of plainchant.
Lisa Heller
Lisa Jacqueline Heller is an American singer-songwriter and indie pop artist from Simsbury, Connecticut. She achieved global recognition in 2016 after the release of her song "Hope" and its video gained popularity in Australia, Canada, and most of Europe. Her EP Is Anyone Listening? has independently achieved millions of streams after its release in 2021. Heller has self-produced and self-published 4 EPs and numerous singles, and she has embarked on several nationwide and world tours.

Chelsea Cutler
Chelsea Emily Cutler (born February 11, 1997) is an American singer, songwriter, and producer from Westport, Connecticut. She released her debut studio album, How to Be Human, in January 2020 through Republic Records. It peaked at number 23 on the Billboard 200 chart.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the State of Arizona, one from all nine of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on July 21, 2026.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Pru River
The Pra River is a river of Ghana. The Pra River rises in the Ashanti, roughly 33 miles (53 km) west of Mampong in the centre of the country, and runs to the northeast, with a length of 120 miles (190 km). Part of the area between the Pra and Anum rivers forms the Pra Anum Forest Reserve.

Anum River
Anum River is a river of Ghana. Part of the area between the Anum and Pra rivers forms the Pra Anum Forest Reserve. In 1977 it was reported that new concessions were being acquired on the Anum River, and Lower Offin, Pra, Tano, and Ankobra Rivers for dredging purposes.
Slippery nipple
The slippery nipple is a layered cocktail shooter most commonly composed of Baileys Irish Cream and sambuca. When prepared properly, the ingredients remain in two distinct visible layers due to the relative densities of the ingredients.

Schnapps
Schnaps (/ʃnɑːps/ ⓘ or /ʃnæps/) or schnapps is a type of alcoholic beverage that may take several forms, including distilled fruit brandies, herbal liqueurs, infusions, and "flavored liqueurs" made by adding fruit syrups, spices, or artificial flavorings to neutral grain spirits.

The English loanword "schnapps" is derived from the colloquial German word Schnaps [ʃnaps] ⓘ (plural: Schnäpse), which is used in reference to spirit drinks.
The word Schnaps stems from Low German and is related to the German term "schnappen", meaning "snap", which refers to the spirit usually being consumed in a quick slug from a small glass (i.e., a shot glass).
2022 Zadar Open
The 2022 Zadar Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Zadar, Croatia between 21 and 27 March 2022.

2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Rowing at the 1950 British Empire Games
Rowing at the 1950 British Empire Games was the third appearance of Rowing at the Commonwealth Games.

Competition featured five events being held at Lake Karapiro, 160 kilometres (99 mi) south of Auckland. Three special trains took 1500 people to Cambridge on 7 February 1950.

Australia topped the rowing medal table with four gold medals.

Rowing at the Commonwealth Games
Rowing is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1930. It was held at every edition from 1938 to 1962, but was not held again until 1986, and has not been part of the Games program since. It is an optional sport and may, or may not, be included in the sporting programme of future editions of the Games.

A separate event, the Commonwealth Rowing Championships, has been held in Commonwealth Games years since 2002. Commonwealth Rowing Regatta events were also held in 1994 and 1999.
E-government in Europe
All European countries show eGovernment initiatives, mainly related to the improvement of governance at the national level. Significant eGovernment activities also take place at the European Commission level as well. There is an extensive list of eGovernment Fact Sheets maintained by the European Commission.

E-governance
Electronic governance or e-governance is the use of information technology to provide government services, information exchange, communication transactions, and integration of different stand-alone systems between government to citizen (G2C), government to business (G2B), government to government (G2G), government to employees (G2E), and back-office processes and interactions within the entire governance framework. Through IT, citizens can access government services through e-governance. The government, citizens, and businesses/interest groups are the three primary target groups that can be identified in governance concepts.
2000 World Matchplay
The 2000 Stan James World Matchplay was a darts tournament held in the Empress Ballroom at the Winter Gardens, Blackpool. This was the first World Matchplay tournament to be sponsored by UK bookmaker Stan James.

The tournament ran from 23 to 29 July 2000, and was won by Phil Taylor.

Paul Lim Had to pull out of this tournament due to visa issues his place was taken by Alex Roy, The opening night of action was not televised by Sky Sports

World Matchplay (darts)
The World Matchplay, also known as the Betfred World Matchplay for sponsorship purposes, is a professional darts tournament and one of three legs of the Triple Crown. It is played in a legs format, and is run by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Luke Littler is the current champion after winning the 2025 edition.
1986 BDO World Darts Championship
The 1986 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the The 1986 Embassy World Darts Championship) was held between 4–11 January 1986. For the first time, the tournament was held at the Lakeside Country Club in Frimley Green, Surrey, having been held at Jollees Cabaret Club in Stoke-on-Trent for the previous seven years. The Lakeside became the third venue in the history of the World Championship.

Eric Bristow completed a hat-trick of World titles to bring his overall tally to five. He would appear in four more finals – but this was to be his last World title.

Lakeside Leisure Complex
The Lakeside Leisure Complex is a hotel, conferencing, entertainment and associated leisure complex in Frimley Green in west Surrey, England. It hosted the open/men's and women's BDO World Darts Championship every January from 1986 to 2019.
Bubnjarci
Bubnjarci (until 1918 St. Kosma and Damian) is a village in Croatia on the Slovenian border. The name Bubnjarci (Croatian: Bubnjar = drummer) comes from the time when the inhabitants in the 15–16th centuries, the Knights of Ozalj and Ribnik against the Turks served as a signal drummer. The name Bubnjarački Brod was a part of Bubnjarci and ranged from Bukovac to Žakanje in the 16th century. Bubnjarci was first mentioned in the 15th century, with a manor house same name. In that time it was one of the most important castles in Croatia. The exact position was the plot number 93, clearly visible on the cadastral map of 1860.
About the time of the establishment are no sources.

Karlovac
Karlovac (pronounced [kâːrloʋats]) is a city in central Croatia. In the 2021 census, its population was 49,377. Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County. The city is located 56 kilometres (35 miles) southwest of Zagreb and 130 km (81 mi) northeast of Rijeka, and is connected to them via the A1 highway and the M202 railway.
Hermann Wiedemann
Hermann Wiedemann (7 March 1879 – 21 June or 1 July 1944) was a German operatic baritone and academic teacher. He was a long-term member of the Imperial Court Opera in Vienna from 1916, where he appeared as Faninal in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss 196 times, and as Beckmesser in Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg 155 times. He was Beckmesser also in a recording from the Salzburg Festival 1937, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. He performed internationally at leading opera houses and festivals, such as the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires and the Zoppoter Festspiele. He appeared in the world premieres of Wolf-Ferrari's I gioielli della Madonna in Berlin, Busoni's Die Brautwahl in Hamburg, and Lehár's Giuditta in Vienna.

Hamburg State Opera
The Hamburg State Opera (in German: Staatsoper Hamburg) is a German opera company based in Hamburg. Its theatre is near the square of Gänsemarkt. Since the 2025/26 season, the Intendant of the company is Tobias Kratzer, and the Generalmusikdirektor is Omer Meir Wellber.
Rossana, Piedmont
Rossana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 950 and an area of 19.9 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi).

Rossana borders the following municipalities: Busca, Costigliole Saluzzo, Piasco and Venasca.

Piasco
Piasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

It is home to the only museum of harps in the world.
Murder of Richard Raczkoski
The murder of Richard Raczkoski (October 30, 1956 – September 23, 1986), a 29-year-old police corporal and Indian River County Sheriff's Deputy, occurred on September 23, 1986, in Vero Beach, Florida, United States. While responding to a 911 call, Raczkoski was shot to death by an ex-convict named William Reaves (born December 30, 1948) in front of a local convenience store. Reaves was later arrested in Georgia, and extradited to Florida to be charged with Raczkoski's murder. Reaves was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. He is on death row awaiting execution at the Union Correctional Institution.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
2011–12 Icelandic Hockey League season
The 2011–12 Icelandic Hockey League season was the 21st season of the Icelandic Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Iceland. Five teams participated in the league, and Ísknattleiksfélagið Björninn won the championship.

Skautafélagið Björninn
Skautafélagið Björninn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈskøyːtaˌfjɛːˌlaijɪð ˈpjœ(r)tnɪn], lit. 'The Bear Skating Club'), also known as Björninn (lit. 'The Bear') for short, is an Icelandic sports club, founded in 1990 and based in Reykjavík, Iceland. It began as a skating club that fielded ice hockey teams and included figure skating and curling programs; it eventually added football.

On 28 September 2018, the club's ice skating departments merged into Ungmennafélagið Fjölnir, which overtook all of the department's assets and debts.
Saima Karimova
Saima Safievna Karimova (Russian: Саима Сафиевна Каримова; 31 October 1926 – 1 January 2013) was a Soviet and Russian geologist. She was a senior geologist at the South Yakutsk complex expedition as a senior geologist of coal exploration and thematic parties from 1955 to 1968 and led its geological department. Karimova was the chief geologist of the South Yakut Complex Expedition from 1968 to her retirement in 1988 and was a significant contributor to the geological study of South Sakha. She opened the Elga coal mine in 1981, evaluated alluvial deposits of gold, uranium, molybdenum, granite, marble, building materials, facing raw materials in Yakutia and helped to develop coal deposits, iron ore deposits and phlogopite deposits. Karimova was the recipient of various state awards such as the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Ellis, South Dakota
Ellis is an unincorporated community in south-central Minnehaha County, South Dakota, United States. Ellis is located approximately one mile west of the Sioux Falls city limits on Ellis Road, or 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of South Dakota Highway 42. The Ellis & Eastern Railroad is based in Ellis, running 14.5 miles (23.3 km) to Brandon to the east. In 1995, the two largest commodities carried by trains were non-metallic minerals and chemicals, mostly for factories near Sioux Falls. The community is considered a part of the Sioux Falls metropolitan area.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Yegorlyk
The Yegorlyk or Greater Yegorlyk (Russian: Егорлык or Большой Егорлык) is a north-flowing river on the Black Sea-Caspian Steppe of southern Russia, a left tributary of the Manych. It is 448 kilometres (278 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi). Since the Manych flows into the Don it is the southernmost tributary of the Don, if one excludes the Kalaus.

Kalaus (river)
The Kalaus (Russian: Калаус) is a north-flowing river on the Black Sea-Caspian Steppe of southern Russia, in Stavropol Krai. It is 436 kilometres (271 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 9,700 square kilometres (3,700 sq mi). It is a tributary of the Manych. Formerly, when it reached the Manych, part of its waters would flow east and part west. Today a low dam blocks flow into the east Manych.
Harun Kamil
Harun Kamil, SH., is a lawyer, law expert, notary and politician Indonesia. He believed the Constitution served as Chairman of the Forum, which was founded by several prominent members of the legal and political scene in Indonesia. Declaration of the forum in July 2005 and was attended by former Assembly Speaker Amien Rais and Hidayat Nur Wahid, former chairman of the Constitutional Court Jimly Asshiddiqie, and legal practitioners Todung Mulya Lubis. Previously, Aaron Kamin was a member of the People's Consultative Assembly group representatives.

Amien Rais
Muhammad Amien Rais (born 26 April 1944) is an Indonesian politician and conspiracy theorist. He was one of the leaders of the reform movement that forced the resignation of President Suharto in 1998. Amien Rais was the leader of Muhammadiyah, one of the two biggest Muslim organizations in Indonesia, from 1995 to 2000. He was the Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) from 1999 to 2004. During his chairmanship, the MPR passed a series of amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia. These amendments, among other things, established direct presidential elections, a presidential term limit (two terms), and the Constitutional Court.
Ivan Asen Point
Ivan Asen Point (Bulgarian: Нос Иван Асен, ‘Nos Ivan Asen’ \'nos i-'van a-'sen\) is a narrow rocky point projecting 680 m into Osmar Strait from the southeast coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It forms the southwest side of the entrance to Ivan Asen Cove and the northeast side of the entrance to Yarebitsa Cove, and separates the glacier termini of Dragoman Glacier to the north and Armira Glacier to the south.

The point is named after Czar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria, 1218-1241 AD.

Osmar Strait
Osmar Strait (Bulgarian: проток Осмар, ‘Protok Osmar’ \'pro-tok os-'mar\) is the 14.6 nautical miles (27.0 km)  wide strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica between Smith Island to the northwest and Low Island to the southeast.

The strait is named after the settlement of Osmar in northeastern Bulgaria.
Sima Yao (Sixuan)
Sima Yao (simplified Chinese: 司马繇; traditional Chinese: 司馬繇; died 18 September 304), courtesy name Sixuan (思玄), was a son of Sima Zhou, Prince Wu of Langya, and his wife Lady Zhuge (a daughter of Zhuge Dan), and a grandson of Sima Yi, regent of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms era. Besides his heritage, Sima Yao was best known for his role in the death of Wen Yang, and his further involvement in the War of the Eight Princes during the reign of his cousin's son, Emperor Hui of Jin.

Sima Zhou
Sima Zhou (227 – 12 June 283), courtesy name Zijiang, posthumously known as Prince Wu of Langya (琅琊武王), was an imperial prince and military general of the Jin dynasty of China. He previously served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. His grandson, Sima Rui, was the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty.
PSIP Pemalang
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Pemalang (simply known as PSIP Pemalang) is an Indonesian football club based in Pemalang, Central Java. They currently compete in the Liga 4. Their nickname is Laskar Benowo and Kacer Jawa.

2018 Liga 3 Central Java
The 2018 Liga 3 Central Java is the third edition of Liga 3 (formerly known as Liga Nusantara) Central Java as a qualifying round for the national round of 2018 Liga 3. Persik Kendal (now in 2018 Liga 2), winner of the 2017 Liga 3 Central Java are the defending champions. The competition began on 25 March 2018.
ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.

Shona people
The Shona people (/ˈʃoʊnə/), also/formerly known as the Karanga, are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa, primarily living in Zimbabwe where they form the majority of the population, as well as Mozambique, South Africa, and worldwide diaspora. There are six major Shona language/dialect clusters:  Manyika, Karanga, Zezuru, Korekore, Kalanga, and Ndau. The Shona make up at least 70% of the population in Zimbabwe with the Ndebele forming a minority(20%). They speak the Shona language, called chiShona. They migrated from the Congo River basin towards the end of the first millenium and settled in the present day Zimbabwe, where they established a great civilization.
Li Shu (Tang dynasty)
Lǐ Shù (李述) (740-791) was a Tang dynasty prince and Tang Daizong's fourth son. His mother's identity is unknown.

Judging by his younger brother Li Jiong's birth date, it's speculated that Li Shu was born between 746 and 750.

In 775 Li Shu was granted the title Prince of Mu (睦王) by his father Daizong.

Li Shu died in 791.

Li Jiong
Lǐ Jiǒng (李迥) (750 – August 16, 796) was a Tang dynasty prince and Emperor Daizong's seventh son. His mother was consort Dugu.

In 761 he was given the title Prince of Yanqing (延慶郡王) by his grandfather Emperor Suzong.

Due to his mother's position as favorite consort of the emperor, Li Jiong was doted on.

In 762, Li Jiong received another title Prince of Han (韓王) from his father Daizong. In 775, he became a jiedushi inspector.

Li Jiong died in 796 during the reign of Emperor Dezong.