hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gisle Johnson (Scouting)
Dr. Gisle Johnson (January 18, 1934 – November 19, 2014) was Chief Scout of the Norges Speiderforbund from 1982 to 1986, and served on the European Scout Committee from 1977 to 1983, as the Chairman the last three years.

In 1985, Johnson was awarded the 178th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also the 71st recipient of the Silver Wolf, Norway's highest Scout award, in 1977.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Italian submarine Alagi
Italian submarine Alagi was an Adua-class submarine built in the 1930s serving in the Regia Marina during World War II. She was named after the Amba Alagi mountain in Ethiopia, which was at the time part of Italian East Africa

Galite Islands
The Galite Islands (Tunisian Arabic:  جالطة Jalita, French: La Galite, Italian: La Galita) are a rocky group of islands of volcanic origin that belong to Bizerte Governorate, northern Tunisia. They are located 38 kilometres (24 miles) northwest of Cape Serrat, the closest point of the Tunisian mainland coast, from which they are separated by the Galite Channel, and almost 80 km (50 mi) north-by-northeast of the city of Tabarka, and 150 km (93 mi) south of Cape Spartivento in the south of Sardinia. The islands of the group sit atop Banc de Galite.
Wellborn, Texas
Wellborn is an unincorporated community in Brazos County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 100 in 2000. It is part of the Bryan–College Station Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bryan, Texas
Bryan is a city in and the county seat of Brazos County, Texas, United States. It is located in the heart of the Brazos Valley (East and Central Texas). As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 83,980. Bryan borders the city of College Station, which lies to its south. Together they make up the Bryan–College Station metropolitan area, the 15th-largest metropolitan area in Texas with 268,248 people as of 2020.
Noncentral F-distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the noncentral F-distribution is a continuous  probability distribution that is a noncentral generalization of the (ordinary) F-distribution. It describes the distribution of the quotient (X/n1)/(Y/n2), where the numerator X has a noncentral chi-squared distribution with n1 degrees of freedom and the denominator Y has a central chi-squared distribution with n2 degrees of freedom. It is also required that X and Y are statistically independent of each other.

It is the distribution of the test statistic in analysis of variance problems when the null hypothesis is false.  The noncentral F-distribution is used to find the power function of such a test.

Beta function
In mathematics, the beta function, also called the Euler integral of the first kind, is a special function that is closely related to the gamma function and to binomial coefficients. It is defined by the integral

for complex number inputs 
 such that .

The beta function was studied by Leonhard Euler and Adrien-Marie Legendre and was given its name by Jacques Binet; its symbol Β is a Greek capital beta.
Southern Pacific 1215
Southern Pacific 1215 is a preserved S-10 class 0-6-0 "Switcher" type steam locomotive. It was built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in 1913, and it was primarily used to switch rolling stock in rail yards, until it was removed from the Southern Pacific's active roster in 1957. It subsequently spent thirty-seven years on static display in Hanford, California until 1995, when it was removed from display while going through a few ownership changes. As of 2022, the locomotive is owned by the California Trolley and Railroad Corporation (CTRC), and No. 1215 is displayed in San Jose, California.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
2025 Gasparilla Bowl
The 2025 Gasparilla Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 19, 2025, at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The 17th annual Gasparilla Bowl game began at 2:32 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. The Gasparilla Bowl was one of the 2025–26 bowl games concluding the 2025 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by mortgage loan company Union Home Mortgage, and was officially known as the Union Home Mortgage Gasparilla Bowl.

The 2025 Gasparilla Bowl featured the Memphis Tigers (8–4) from the American Conference and the NC State Wolfpack (7–5) from the Atlantic Coast Conference. NC State beat Memphis by a score of 31–7.

Gasparilla Bowl
The Gasparilla Bowl is an annual NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game played in the Tampa Bay area. It was first played in 2008 as the St. Petersburg Bowl at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida, one of several new bowl games played in Major League Baseball venues. The game was renamed the Gasparilla Bowl in 2017 as a nod to the legend of José Gaspar, a mythical pirate who supposedly operated in the Tampa Bay area and who is the inspiration for Tampa's Gasparilla Pirate Festival. The bowl relocated to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa in 2018.

Since 2020, the game has been sponsored by Union Home Mortgage and has been officially known as the Union Home Mortgage Gasparilla Bowl. Previous sponsors include magicJack (2008), Beef O'Brady's (2009–2013), BitPay (2014), and Bad Boy Mowers (2017–2019).
Kannagi (Shinto)
Kannagi (巫 or 神和ぎ or 神薙ぎ or 神凪) are shamans in Shinto. Unlike the similar term miko, the term is gender neutral. The term has a few different writing styles, one being 巫, which is a shared kanji character as used for the Chinese Wu shaman.

Suwa-taisha
Suwa Grand Shrine (Japanese: 諏訪大社, Hepburn: Suwa-taisha), historically also known as Suwa Shrine (諏訪神社 Suwa-jinja) or Suwa Daimyōjin (諏訪大明神), is a group of Shinto shrines in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The shrine complex is the ichinomiya of former Shinano Province and is considered to be one of the oldest shrines in existence, being implied by the Nihon Shoki to already stand in the late 7th century.
Shire of Moora
The Shire of Moora is a local government area in the northern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, and generally lies between the Brand Highway and Great Northern Highway about 180 kilometres (112 mi) north of Perth, the state capital. The Shire covers an area of 3,767 square kilometres (1,454 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Moora.

Moora, Western Australia
30°38′17″S 116°00′36″E﻿ / ﻿30.638°S 116.01°E﻿ / -30.638; 116.01

Moora is a townsite located 177 km north of Perth in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. At the 2021 census, Moora had a population of 1,591.
Snap fastener
A snap fastener, also called snap button, press button, press stud, press fastener, dome fastener, popper, snap and tich (or tich button), is a pair of interlocking discs, made out of a metal or plastic, commonly used in place of traditional buttons to fasten clothing and for similar purposes. A circular lip under one disc fits into a groove on the top of the other, holding them fast until a certain amount of force is applied. Different types of snaps can be attached to fabric or leather by riveting with a punch and die set specific to the type of rivet snaps used (striking the punch with a hammer to splay the tail), sewing, or plying with special snap pliers.

Snap fasteners are a noted detail in American Western wear and were also often chosen for children's clothing, as they are relatively easy for children to use compared with traditional buttons.

Rivet
A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the tail. On installation, the deformed end is called the shop head or buck-tail.

Because there is effectively a head on each end of an installed rivet, it can support tension loads.  However, it is much more capable of supporting shear loads (loads perpendicular to the axis of the shaft).

Fastenings used in traditional wooden boat building, such as copper nails and clinch bolts, work on the same principle as the rivet but were in use long before the term rivet was introduced and, where they are remembered, are usually classified among nails and bolts respectively.
Cuenca Alta del Manzanares Regional Park
The Cuenca Alta del Manzanares Regional Park, created in 1985, is the natural space protected area with the largest extension in the Community of Madrid (Spain) and one of the most ecologically and scenically valuable. It is located in the northwest of the region and extends around the upper course of the Manzanares River, along 42 583 ha. Its main municipalities of reference are Manzanares el Real and Hoyo de Manzanares. Unesco declared it a Biosphere Reserve in 1992.

It is located on the southern slopes of the Sierra de Guadarrama, with the exception of Monte de El Pardo and its eastern appendix, the Soto de Viñuelas, which are located in the detritic plain, characteristic of the Southern Subplateau. It has numerous ecosystems, among which pine forests, holm oak groves, juniper groves, rockrose groves, melojares and wetlands stand out.

Quercus ilex
Quercus ilex, the holly oak, also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak, is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, with acorns that mature in a single summer.
2019 ACC women's soccer tournament
The 2019 Atlantic Coast Conference women's soccer tournament was the 32nd edition of the ACC Women's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Atlantic Coast Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 2019 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament. The semifinals and final were played at Sahlen's Stadium in Cary, NC.

The defending champions were the Florida State Seminoles. The Seminoles fell in their title defense in the semifinals, losing to Virginia.  North Carolina beat Virginia in the final, 2–1, to claim their twenty-second ACC title.  It was coach Anson Dorrance's twenty-second title as well.

ACC women's soccer tournament
The ACC women's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in college soccer for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The tournament has been held every year since 1988. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I women's soccer championship.

Historically, there have been eight teams to qualify for the tournament.  However between 2014 and 2016, the tournament was reduced to 4 teams from the usual 8 teams. The tournament was reduced to six teams in 2021.

North Carolina is the most winning team of the ACC tournament with 22 conference titles.
Dean Gemmell
Dean Gemmell (born August 27, 1967) is a Canadian-American curler and writer who currently resides in Short Hills, New Jersey. Along with John Morris, he is the co-author of the book Fit to Curl, Sport Specific Training for the World's Greatest Game.

John Morris (curler)
John C. Morris (born December 16, 1978; nicknamed "Johnny Mo") is a Canadian curler, and two-time Olympic gold medallist from Canmore, Alberta. Morris played third for the Kevin Martin team until April 24, 2013. Morris, author of the book Fit to Curl, is the son of Maureen and Earle Morris, inventor of the "Stabilizer" curling broom. Morris grew up in Gloucester, Ontario (now part of Ottawa) and at the age of five began curling at the Navy Curling Club.
Mount Kolodkin
Mount Kolodkin is a mountain, 2,525 metres (8,280 ft) high, standing 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) southeast of Pinegin Peak in the Südliche Petermann Range of the Wohlthat Mountains, Antarctica. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39 and later mapped from air photos and surveys collected by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. The mountain was remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after Kolodkin, designer of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen's ships the Vostok and Mirnyy.

Südliche Petermann Range
Südliche Petermann Range (German: Südliche Petermannkette, also known as Söre Petermannkjeda, and Gory Otto Grotevolya) is one of the Petermann Ranges, trending NE-SW for 35 km (22 mi) from Svarthausane Crags to Gneiskopf Peak, in the Wohlthat Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Mount Neustruyev (also known as Gora Neustruyeva) is a 2,900 meter peak standing 8 km (5.0 mi) NNE of Gneiskopf Peak.
Action Center
Action Center is a notification center included with Windows Phone 8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile. It was introduced with Windows Phone 8.1 in July 2014, and was introduced to the desktop with the launch of Windows 10 on July 29, 2015.

The Action Center replaces the charms in Windows 10.

The Action Center was replaced with Quick Settings and the Notification Center in Windows 11.

Windows Phone 8.1
Windows Phone 8.1 is the third generation of Microsoft Mobile's Windows Phone mobile operating system, succeeding Windows Phone 8. Rolled out at Microsoft's Build Conference in San Francisco, California on April 2, 2014, it was released in final form to Windows Phone developers on April 14, 2014 and reached general availability on August 4, 2014. All Windows Phones running Windows Phone 8 can be upgraded to Windows Phone 8.1, with release dependent on carrier rollout dates.

Windows Phone 8.1 is also the last version that uses the Windows Phone brand name as it was succeeded by Windows 10 Mobile. Some Windows Phone 8.1 devices are capable of being upgraded to Windows 10 Mobile. Microsoft delayed the upgrade and reduced the supported device list from their initial promise. Support ended for Windows Phone 8.1 on July 11, 2017.
Sufi Chay
Sufi Chay (Persian: صوفی‌چای) is a river in north-west Iran, at 37° 19' 45" N, 46° 4' 36" E. The river rises at Mount Sahand in the mountains to the east of Lake Urmia, and flows south past Alavian and Senshon till it reaches Maragheh city where it turns east and enters the endorheic Lake Urmia in a large delta at Bonab.

Sahand
Sahand (Persian: سهند), is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran. At 3,707 m (12,162 ft), it is the highest mountain in the province of East Azerbaijan.

Sahand is one of the highest mountains in Iranian Azerbaijan, in addition to being an important dormant volcano in the country. The Sahand mountains are directly south of Tabriz, the highest peak of which is Kamal at an elevation of 3,707 m (12,162 ft). Approximately 17 peaks can be accounted for as being over 3,000 m (9,843 ft) in height. Due to the presence of a variety of flora and fauna, the Sahand mountains are known as the bride of mountains in Iran. Sahand is made chiefly of dacite and associated felsic rocks.
Burnham Military Camp
Burnham, also known as Burnham Camp, is the largest army base in New Zealand's South Island. It is located 28 kilometres south of Christchurch on the Canterbury Plains in the Selwyn District, close to the town of Dunsandel.
Burnham was named after Burnham Beeches, Buckinghamshire.

The senior headquarters at the camp has seen many changes. Previously Headquarters 3 Task Force, 3 Task Force Region, HQ Ready Reaction Force, and 3 Land Force Group have been based here. Most recently 3 Land Force Group was disbanded in 2011, and Headquarters Deployable Joint Task Force Headquarters - Land (DJTFHQ-L) was formed.

Selwyn District
Selwyn District is a predominantly rural district in central Canterbury, on the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is named after the Selwyn River / Waikirikiri, which is in turn named after Bishop George Selwyn, the first Anglican bishop of New Zealand who, in 1843 and 1844, travelled the length of the country by horse, foot, boat and canoe, leaving in his wake a sprinkling of locations that now bear his name.

As of the 2023 census, Selwyn District is the fastest-growing territorial authority in New Zealand, with a population increase of 29% over the prior five years.
Oshawa Transit
Oshawa Transit was a public transit operator in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, from 1960 to 2005. Its only garage and headquarters was located at 710 Raleigh Avenue in Oshawa.

On January 2, 1960, at the request of the City of Oshawa, the Oshawa Public Utilities Commission (PUC) undertook the operation of the transit system for the city.  The Oshawa PUC did this until June 1996 when City Council created a new Oshawa Transit Commission. It operated until December 31, 2005, at which time Oshawa Transit was merged with Whitby Transit, Ajax-Pickering Transit, and Clarington Transit in Durham Region to form Durham Region Transit on January 1, 2006.

Ajax-Pickering Transit
The Ajax Pickering Transit Authority (APTA) was a public transit operator in the Town of Ajax, Ontario, Canada, and the City of Pickering. It was merged with the other public transit agencies in Durham Region on January 1, 2006 to form Durham Region Transit.

APTA was jointly owned by Pickering and Ajax and governed by members of the Authority appointed by both municipalities.
2023 Rafa Nadal Open
The 2023 Rafa Nadal Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Manacor, Spain between 29 August and 3 September 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Selsey F.C. Women
Selsey Women Football Club (formerly Chichester and Selsey Ladies and Youth Football Club) are a women's association football club based in Selsey, West Sussex, England. They were founded in 2020 as a breakaway club from Chichester City F.C. and were renamed Selsey for the 2023—24 season. They play in the FA Women's National League South West.

Chichester City F.C.
Chichester City Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Chichester, West Sussex, England. Affiliated to the Sussex County Football Association, they are currently members of the Isthmian League Premier Division and play at Oaklands Park.
Deaf Sports Australia
Deaf Sports Australia (DSA), formerly known as Australian Deaf Sports Federation, is the national governing body of Deaf Sports in Australia.

The organisation was established in Adelaide during the 1954/55 Australian Deaf Carnival in January 1955 and it joined the Comite International des Sports des Sourds (CISS) in the same year. Deaf Sports Australia has organised the Australian Deaf Games every three or four years since the summer of 1964/1965 in Sydney.

Comité International des Sports des Sourds
The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf  is the apex body organizing international sports events for the deaf, particularly the Deaflympics (previously called World Games for the Deaf).  It is also called the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (CISS). The organization was founded in Paris by Eugène Rubens-Alcais, who organized the first "International Silent Games" in 1924.  Alcais was himself deaf and was the president of the French Deaf Sports Federation.

CISS, now also called ICSD, is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Citation graph
A citation graph (or citation network), in information science and bibliometrics, is a directed graph that describes the citations within a collection of documents.

Each vertex (or node) in the graph represents a document in the collection, and each edge is directed from one document toward another that it cites (or vice versa depending on the specific implementation).

Citation graphs have been utilised in various ways, including forms of citation analysis, academic search tools and court judgements. They are predicted to become more relevant and useful in the future as the body of published research grows.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Josias R. King
Josias Ridgate King (February 21, 1832 – February 19, 1916; aged 83) was an American land surveyor, Union Army officer, and is credited as being the first person to volunteer for the Union during the American Civil War. He spent the majority of his adult life living in Minnesota and would earn the rank of lieutenant colonel during his Civil War service. Post-war, King resumed work as a surveyor and in 1882 was commissioned a brigadier general in the Minnesota National Guard; His reforms of the latter would earn him the nickname "Father of the Minnesota Guard."

James J. Hill
James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 – May 29, 1916) was an American railway entrepreneur. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and the Pacific Northwest in the United States. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder", and died in 1916 with a fortune of about $63 million. His former home, James J. Hill House, is now a museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.