hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Lewis Maury
William Lewis Maury (c. 1813 – November 27, 1878) was an American explorer and naval officer who served in the United States Navy for over 32 years, assisting Charles Wilkes' exploration of the Pacific Ocean and served in Matthew C. Perry's 1854 naval mission to Japan. He later served as a Captain in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Maury was a slave owner.

Matthew C. Perry
Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a United States Navy officer who commanded ships in several wars, including the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War. He led the Perry Expedition that ended Japan's isolationism and signed the Convention of Kanagawa between Japan and the United States in 1854.

Perry was interested in the education of naval officers and assisted in the development of an apprentice system that helped establish the curriculum at the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine, he became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered "The Father of the Steam Navy" in the United States.
Webbed belt
A webbed belt, military belt, roll pin belt or skater belt is a type of belt, normally made of webbing, distinguished by its belt buckle design and lack of holes in the cord, which is usually found in other belts where a pin is used as the fastening mechanism in the belt buckle. A belt of this type is often used in the uniforms of armed forces as well as that of the Girl Scouts of the USA and Boy Scouts of America, since it is adjustable, cheap to produce and does not deteriorate easily.

Webbed belts began to be used in more casual fashion beginning in the 1960s.

Belt (clothing)
A belt is a flexible band or strap, typically made of leather, plastic, or heavy cloth, worn around the natural waist or near it (as far down as the hips). The ends of a belt are free, and a buckle is often used to form the belt into a loop by securing one end to another part of the belt, at or near the other end, though they may also be without a buckle and be simply tied using some form of knot. Often, the resulting loop is smaller than the hips. Belts come in many lengths because of the variety in waist sizes, and when they have a buckle, some belts can be adjusted at it to suit the wearer's waist. It can also be used as a weapon of discipline by parents and sometimes used as a symbol of child abuse in some cases.
Red Peak (El Dorado County, California)
Red Peak is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range at the north end of the Crystal Range, to the west of Lake Tahoe.  It is located in the Desolation Wilderness in El Dorado County, California.

Desolation Wilderness
The Desolation Wilderness is a 63,960-acre (258.8 km2) federally protected wilderness area in the Eldorado National Forest and Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, in El Dorado County, California. The crest of the Sierra Nevada runs through it, just west of Lake Tahoe.
Put Domoi
Put Domoi (путь домой, The Way Home) is a Russian street newspaper sold by the homeless in St. Petersburg, published twice monthly. The sellers receive half of the price. It was started in 1994 as Na Dne (На дне, The Depths) by Nochlezhka (meaning "shelter"), an organization for the homeless. It was renamed to its current name in 2003. It was closely modeled after The Big Issue and is a member of the International Network of Street Papers (INSP). The paper has been critical of human rights violations in Russia which has made it some enemies. The INSP has been important for financial support and political legitimacy.

There are also regional editions published in Siberia and Ukraine.

Put Domoi regularly organizes a football team that participates in the Homeless World Cup and won in 2005.

The Big Issue
The Big Issue is a United Kingdom–based street newspaper founded by John Bird and Gordon Roddick in September 1991 and published in four continents. The Big Issue is one of the UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or individuals at risk of homelessness, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income, thereby helping them to reintegrate into mainstream society. It is the world's most widely circulated street newspaper.
AMD Software
AMD Software (formerly known as Radeon Software) is a device driver and utility software package for AMD's Radeon graphics cards and APUs. Its graphical user interface is built with Qt and is compatible with 64-bit Windows and Linux distributions.

Radeon
Radeon (/ˈreɪdiɒn/) is a brand of computer products, including graphics processing units, random-access memory, RAM disk software, and solid-state drives, produced by Radeon Technologies Group, a division of AMD. The brand was launched in 2000 by ATI Technologies, which was acquired by AMD in 2006 for US$5.4 billion.
Alpine foothills
The Alpine foothills, or Prealps (German: Voralpen; French: Préalpes; Italian: Prealpi; Slovene: Predalpe), may refer generally to any foothills at the base of the Alps in Europe. They are the transition zone between the High Alps and  the Swiss Plateau and the Bavarian Alpine Foreland in the north, as well as to the Pannonian Basin (Alpokalja) in the east, the Padan Plain in the south and the Rhone Valley in the west.

Provence Alps and Prealps
The Provence Alps and Prealps (Alpes et Préalpes de Provence in French; Occitan: Alps de Provença e Prealps) are a mountain range in the south-western part of the Alps, located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (France). Provence Alps and Prealps encompass the south-western area of the French Prealps.
Bolnhurst
Bolnhurst is a small village in the civil parish of Bolnhurst and Keysoe, in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire, England. The village is about 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northeast of Bedford town centre and about 6 miles (10 km) west of St Neots.

Arthur Young (agriculturist)
Arthur Young FRS (11 September 1741 – 12 April 1820) was an English agriculturist. Not himself successful as a farmer, he built on connections and activities as a publicist a substantial reputation as an expert on agricultural improvement. After the French Revolution of 1789, his views on its politics carried weight as an informed observer, and he became an important opponent of British reformers.

Young is considered a major English writer on agriculture and an early contributor to agricultural economics, although he is best known as a social and political observer. Also read widely were his Tour in Ireland (1780) and Travels in France (1792).
John de Braideston
John de Braideston (died after 1334) was an English Crown official who also served as a judge in Ireland.

His name suggests that he was born in Braydeston, a deserted medieval village close to Brundall, Norfolk: the Church of St Michael and All Angels, Braydeston still survives. He is first heard of in Kent in 1323, when he was in business as a corn merchant. In 1327 he was steward to Walter Reynolds, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the following year he sat on a commission of oyer and terminer in Surrey, suggesting that he was a qualified lawyer (in Ireland at least this was not at the time a requirement to be a Baron of the  Court of Exchequer).

He was sent to Ireland as Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer in 1329 and served in that office for two years. In 1330 John de Mohun appointed Braideston and his colleague John de Grauntsete as his attorneys. Braideston returned to England shortly after, and was still living in 1334.

Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
The Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer was the Baron (judge) who presided over the Irish Court of Exchequer. This was a mirror of the equivalent court in England, and was one of the four courts which sat in the building in Dublin which is still called The Four Courts.

The title Chief Baron was first used in 1309 by Walter de Islip. In the early centuries of its existence, it was a political as well as a judicial office, and as late as 1442 the Lord Treasurer of Ireland thought it necessary to recommend that the Chief Baron should always be a properly trained lawyer (which Michael Gryffin, the Chief Baron at the time, was not). There are two cryptic references in the Patent Rolls, for 1386 and 1390, to the Liberty of Ulster having its own Chief Baron.

The last Chief Baron, The Rt Hon. Christopher Palles, continued to hold the title after the Court was merged into a new High Court of Justice in Ireland in 1878, until his retirement in 1916, when the office lapsed.
Fall of the fascist regime in Italy
The fall of the fascist regime in Italy, also known in Italy as 25 Luglio (Italian: Venticinque Luglio, pronounced [ˌventiˈtʃiŋkwe ˈluʎʎo]; lit. '25 July'), came as a result of parallel plots led respectively by Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943, culminating with a successful vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Benito Mussolini at the meeting of the Grand Council of Fascism on 24–25 July 1943. The vote, although significant, had no de jure value, since by law in the Italian constitutional monarchy the prime minister was responsible for his actions only to the king, who was the only one who could dismiss him. Nevertheless, as a result, a new government was established, putting an end to the almost 21 years of Fascist rule in the Kingdom of Italy, and Mussolini was placed under arrest.

Action Party (Italy)
The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione, PdA) was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy. The party was anti-fascist and republican. Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg, Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.
Pink Nasty
Sara Beck, better known by her stage name Pink Nasty, is an American singer-songwriter.  She is from Wichita, Kansas and currently lives in Austin, Texas.  Pink Nasty has released three full-length albums.  She performs with her brother, a rapper who goes by the stage name Black Nasty.

Kathryn Yu of NPR described Pink Nasty as a "young and talented singer-songwriter whose quirky alt-country songs nicely complement her pretty but powerful voice".    The song "Don't Ever Change" on her second album, Mold the Gold features  Pink Nasty and Bonnie Prince Billy.    She has opened for notable indie music acts Britt Daniel and José González.

Pink Nasty's third album, Pink Nasty was released in 2010.  Reviews on the Oxford American and Austin 360 websites praise the album's blend of quirkiness and pop.

Beck studied at Berklee College of Music, and cites Weezer, Stephen Malkmus and The Strokes as influences.

Britt Daniel
John Britt Daniel (born April 14, 1971) is an American musician. He is the co-founder, lead singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Spoon, as well as the co-founder, guitarist, bassist, and singer of the band Divine Fits. Daniel also founded numerous other bands in the early 1990s.
Tragia
Tragia is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.

Plants in this genus are sometimes known as noseburns.

Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.

These species are used in Siddha medicine, which is practiced by the Tamil people, and is used in curing eczema, fevers, wheezing, and diabetes.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Acalypha Adenophaedra Alchornea Bia Cleidion Cnesmone Dalechampia Megistostigma Micrococca Microstachys Omphalea Pachystylidium Platygyna Plukenetia Sclerocroton Shirakiopsis Tragiella Zuckertia )

Tragiella
Tragiella is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1919. It is native to Africa.

Species

Tragiella anomala (Prain) Pax & K.Hoffm. - Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia

Tragiella frieseana (Prain) Pax & K.Hoffm. - Zambia

Tragiella natalensis (Sond.) Pax & K.Hoffm. - South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga

Tragiella pyxostigma Radcl.-Sm. - Tanzania

formerly included

moved to Dalechampia

Tragiella pavoniifolia Chiov. - Dalechampia pavoniifolia (Chiov.) M.G.Gilbert - Somalia
Damon Jackson
Damon Jackson (born August 8, 1988) is an American former professional mixed martial artist having previously competed in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).  A professional since 2012, Jackson competed for Bellator MMA and King of the Cage and he is the former Legacy Fighting Alliance Interim Featherweight Champion.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
La Grange, Missouri
La Grange is a city in Lewis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 825 at the 2020 census. Since the 1960 census, the population has been dwindling. It is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
2014 UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 road race
The Men's under-23 road race of the 2014 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around Ponferrada, Spain on 26 September 2014. The course of the race was 182.00 km (113.09 mi) with the start and finish in Ponferrada.

Following on from countryman Kurt Asle Arvesen in 1997, Sven Erik Bystrøm became only the second Norwegian rider to win the world title. He made a late break on the final climb, with around 5 km (3.1 mi) remaining, and held off the peloton; he ultimately soloed to victory by seven seconds. Australia's Caleb Ewan won the field sprint for the silver medal, while Bystrøm's teammate Kristoffer Skjerping completed the podium with the bronze medal.

2014 UCI Road World Championships
The 2014 UCI Road World Championships took place in Ponferrada, Spain, from 21 to 28 September 2014. The cycling championships consisted of 12 events for elite, under-23 and junior cyclists. It was the 81st UCI Road World Championships and the seventh time that Spain had hosted the championships; they were previously held in Lasarte in 1965, Montjuïc in 1973, Barcelona in 1984, Benidorm in 1992, San Sebastián in 1997 and Madrid in 2005.
Forbes' renia
Forbes' renia (also known as Renia n. sp. nr. discoloralis, since it has not been formally described yet) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the United States from the Delaware Bay region of New Jersey, southward into Gulf states.

There are two generations per year in most of its range.

The larvae feed on organic matter, including dead leaves.

Renia discoloralis
Renia discoloralis, the discolored renia, is a litter moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in the United States from Missouri to southern New England, south to at least North Carolina and possibly Florida and Texas, but this might be an unnamed relative.

The wingspan is 35–45 mm. Adults are on wing from July to August. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on detritus, including dead leaves.
Kelsey Oyler
Kelsey Oyler (born June 12, 2003) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a left back for USL Super League club Spokane Zephyr FC. She played college soccer for the Gonzaga Bulldogs, where she set program records in assists, and for the Arkansas Razorbacks.

West Coast Conference
The West Coast Conference (WCC) — known as the California Basketball Association from 1952 to 1956 and then as the West Coast Athletic Conference until 1989 — is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I consisting of nine member schools across the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.

All of the current full members are private, faith-based institutions. Seven members are Catholic Church affiliates, with five of these schools being Jesuit institutions, including the newest member of the conference, Seattle. Pepperdine is an affiliate of the Churches of Christ. The conference's second-newest member, the University of the Pacific (which rejoined in 2013 after a 42-year absence), is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, although it has been financially independent of the church since 1969.
2017 King's Cup squads
The 2017 King's Cup was an international football tournament held in Thailand from 14 to 16 July 2017. The 4 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players.

Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad. Number of caps counts until the start of the tournament, including all FIFA-recognized pre-tournament friendlies. Player's age is their age on the opening day of the tournament.

2017 King's Cup
The 2017 Annual King's Cup Football Tournament, commonly referred to as 2017 King's Cup, was the 45th King's Cup, the annual international men's football tournament organised by Football Association of Thailand. It was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 14 to 16 July 2017.

The matches were played at Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok. As hosts, Thailand participated automatically in the tournament; they were joined by the African team Burkina Faso, the Asian team North Korea and the European team Belarus.

The defending champions, Thailand, who won the previous fourteen King's Cup, defended their title. Burkina Faso and Belarus made their debuts. Burkina Faso were represented by their African Nations Championship team, composed of domestic league players. Belarus were represented by their B-team, composed of domestic league players. North Korea were represented by several their B-team and a few A-team players.
Malice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Malice [maˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Obrazów, 7 km (4 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 77 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Obrazów
Obrazów [ɔˈbrazuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Obrazów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
History of Cerreto Sannita
The history of Cerreto Sannita includes a series of events that have affected the town's territory since the Neolithic age. The old Cerreto, built following the Saracen invasions and destroyed by the earthquake of June 5, 1688, was later replaced by the present Cerreto Sannita, built between 1688 and 1696 to the design of royal engineer Giovanni Battista Manni and at the behest of Count Marzio Carafa, his brother Marino Carafa and Bishop Giovanni Battista de Bellis. An episcopal see since the 16th century, it was a fief of the Sanframondo family from 1151 to 1460, later becoming a possession of the Carafa family. Flourishing wealth from industries and the wool cloth trade helped create a strong merchant class capable of resisting for centuries the constant abuse perpetrated by the feudal lords.

Brigandage
Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder. It is practiced by a brigand, a person who is typically part of a gang and lives by pillage and robbery.

The word brigand entered English as brigant via French from Italian as early as 1400. Under the laws of war, soldiers acting on their own recognizance without operating in chain of command are brigands, liable to be tried under civilian laws as common criminals. However, on occasions brigands are not mere malefactors, but may be rebels against a state or union perceived as the enemy.

Bad administration and suitable terrain encourage the development of brigands. Historical examples of brigands (often called so by their enemies) have existed in territories of France, Greece and the Balkans, India, Italy, Mexico and Spain, as well as certain regions of the United States.
Lyons Hill
Lyons Hill or Lyons (Irish: Liamhain) is a townland and restored village in County Kildare. At a time when canal passenger boats travelled at 3 mph (4.8 km/h), Lyons was the nearest overnight stop to Dublin on the Grand Canal. On the hilltop is a trigonometrical point used by Ireland's Ordnance Survey. The name derives from the Irish language name for an elm tree, Liamhan.

Newcastle, County Dublin
Newcastle (Irish: An Caisleán Nua) is a village in County Dublin, Ireland, south-west of Dublin city. It is also a civil parish in the historical barony of the same name. It was the location of the castle of the barony, which in historical and official documents is described as Newcastle-Lyons. The area is still primarily rural in nature. Newcastle village is within the administrative area of South Dublin County Council.
Oecomys trinitatis
Oecomys trinitatis, also known as the long-furred oecomys, long-furred rice rat, Trinidad arboreal rice rat, or big arboreal rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Oecomys of family Cricetidae. As currently constituted, it has a wide distribution in Central America and South America, being found in southern Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, much of Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru.

Oecomys
Oecomys is a genus of rodent within the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It contains about 17 species, which live in trees and are distributed across forested parts of South America, extending into Panama and Trinidad.
Addison Caldwell
William Addison Caldwell (1856–1910) became the first student to enroll in the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (V.A.M.C.) in the school's inaugural year in 1872. V.A.M.C. was later named Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University (Virginia Tech). Caldwell hiked as much as 28 miles through today's Jefferson National Forest in the Allegheny Mountains from Sinking Creek, Craig County to Blacksburg, Va. to enroll as the school's first student on October 1, 1872.

James Henry Lane (Confederate general)
James Henry Lane (July 28, 1833 – September 21, 1907) was a university professor and Confederate general in the American Civil War.

As its first Commandant, he is considered to be the father of the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets and is the namesake of the University's oldest building, Lane Hall.
Kia K4 (China)
The Kia K4 (Chinese: 起亚凯绅; pinyin: Qǐyà kǎi shēn) is a compact sedan produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia from 2014 to 2020. It was designed exclusively for the Chinese market, and was positioned between the Kia K3 and Kia K5. The Kia K4 was previewed on the 2014 Beijing Auto Show by the Kia K4 Concept.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.