hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gansu Provincial Ensemble of the Peking Opera
China Gansu Provincial Ensemble of the Peking Opera is an opera company which operates as an adjunct of the China National Peking Opera Company in the province of Gansu, China. The ensemble was founded in 1956, and since then they have won awards such as the Wenhua, presented by China’s Ministry of Culture for works such as The tragedy of the king. Other works in the repertoire includes The stagnant water in ripple, Face changing, Turandot, Jinlian Pan, Hua Ziliang, and Along the silk road.

The ensemble toured Mexico in 2011, performing at the Festival Internacional Vallesano de Arte y Cultura (Festival de las Almas) in Valle de Bravo and the Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato. For this tour, the ensemble presented a work called The Wild Swans based on a story by Hans Christian Andersen. This work was created in collaboration with the Cultural Association of Denmark in 2005, the 200th anniversary of the Andersen’s birth.

China National Peking Opera Company
The China National Peking Opera Company (CNPOC), originally named the National Peking Opera Theater of China, is one of the national ensembles of performance arts directly under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China. Situated in Beijing, it was founded in January 1955, with opera performer Mei Lanfang as its first president. The current president is Song Guanlin.
Nikolay Rusanov
Nikolay Sergeyevich Rusanov (Russian: Никола́й Серге́евич Руса́нов; September 28 [O.S. September 16], 1859 – July 28, 1939), also known under the pseudonyms of K. Tarasov and N. Kudrin, was a Russian revolutionary who connected the revolutionary populist movement of the 1870s with the revolutionary parties of the early twentieth century, particularly the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR).

Nikolai Danielson
Nikolai Frantsevich Danielson (Russian: Никола́й Фра́нцевич Дание́льсон; also known as N-on, Nik-on, Nikolai-on; 7 February 1844 – 13 July 1918) was a Russian socio-political figure, economist, publicist, and one of the theoreticians of liberal populism. He is also famous for his translations of Das Kapital by Marx, and being a writer on Russian economic development.
Chechen genocide
The Chechen genocide refers to the mass casualties suffered by the Chechen people since the beginning of the Chechen–Russian conflict in the 18th century. The term has no legal effect, although the European Parliament recognized the 1944 forced deportation of the Chechens, which killed around a third of the total Chechen population, as an act of genocide in 2004. Similarly, in 2022, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine condemned the "genocide of the Chechen people" by Russia during the First Chechen War and the Second Chechen War.

Aleksey Yermolov
Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (Russian: Алексей Петрович Ермолов, IPA: [jɪrˈmoləf]; 4 June [O.S. 24 May] 1777 – 23 April [O.S. 11 April] 1861) was a Russian general of the 19th century who commanded Russian troops in the Caucasian War. He served in all the Russian campaigns against the French, except for the 1799 campaigns of Alexander Suvorov in northern Italy and Switzerland. During this time he was accused of conspiracy against Paul I and sentenced to exile. Two years later he was pardoned and brought back into service by Alexander I. Yermolov distinguished himself during the Napoleonic Wars at the Battles of Austerlitz, Eylau, Borodino, Kulm, and Paris.
Bee County Courthouse
The Bee County Courthouse, at 105 W. Corpus Christi St. in Beeville, Texas, United States, was built in 1912. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

It was designed by architect William C. Stephenson in Beaux Arts style.

Besides the courthouse, the listing included a contributing structure and a contributing object.

Beeville, Texas
Beeville is a city in Bee County, Texas, United States. Its population of 13,543 at the 2020 census  makes it the 207th-largest city in Texas. It is the county seat of Bee County and home to the main campus of Coastal Bend College. The area around the city contains three prisons operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.

Many of the stately homes, commercial buildings, and schools in the area, including the Bee County Courthouse, were designed by architect William Charles Stephenson, who came to Beeville in 1908 from Buffalo, New York. Beeville is a national Main Street city. Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore, and his son Lincoln, lived in the city during the time Rushmore was being sculpted.
Laurene Powell Jobs
Laurene Powell Jobs (née Powell; born November 6, 1963) is an American entrepreneur, business executive and philanthropist. She is the founder and president of Emerson Collective, lead investor and chair of The Atlantic and co-founder and chair of XQ Institute. Powell Jobs also sits on the boards of the Ford Foundation, Council on Foreign Relations, Chicago CRED, College Track and Elemental Impact. She was married to Steve Jobs, who was the co-founder and former chief executive of Apple Inc, for more than 20 years.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business  is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.

Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.
Shelley Hammonds
Shelley Jane Hammonds (born 6 March 1983) is a retired Australian women's basketball player, who represented the country at both junior and senior levels.  Hammonds is married to basketball player Matt Burston.

Matt Burston
Matthew Llewellyn Burston (born 25 November 1982) is an Australian former professional basketball player. He played 16 seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL). He has also played in the State Basketball League for the Perry Lakes Hawks, and has spent time in the Qatari Basketball League and the Big V.
Bank of America Home Loans
Bank of America Home Loans is the mortgage unit of Bank of America. It previously existed as an independent company called Countrywide Financial from 1969 to 2008. In 2008, Bank of America purchased the failing Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion. In 2006, Countrywide financed 20% of all mortgages in the United States, at a value of about 3.5% of the United States GDP, a proportion greater than any other single mortgage lender.

Underwriting
Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.
American School Dhahran
American School Dhahran (ASD) (formerly called Dhahran Academy and Dhahran High School) is a coeducational day K-12 school located in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia as part of the International Schools Group. Founded in 1962 as Dhahran Academy, the non-profit school primarily served children of the staff of the US Consulate in Dhahran. Dhahran Academy was renamed to be Dhahran High School in 1999 after the school moved to provide a full K-12 American curriculum. In 2021, ISG's Dhahran Elementary Middle School and Dhahran High School merged to become the American School Dhahran.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Steptoe LLP
Steptoe LLP (formerly known as Steptoe & Johnson LLP) is an international law firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. It maintains offices in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, San Francisco, London, Brussels, Beijing, and Hong Kong.

United States Assistant Secretary of War
The United States assistant secretary of war was the second–ranking official within the American Department of War from 1861 to 1867, from 1882 to 1883, and from 1890 to 1940. According to the military laws of the United States, "The act of August 5, 1882 authorizing the appointment of an assistant secretary of war was repealed by the act of July 7, 1884 (23 Stat L., 331) the power conferred by the act of August 5, 1882 never having been exercised," indicating that the post was not filled between 1882 and 1883 (p. 45, footnote 2).

In 1940, the new position of United States under secretary of war replaced this position as the number-two office in the department. Assistant Secretary Robert P. Patterson became the first under secretary.

The office continued to exercise administrative duties until the department's end in 1947, when the United States Department of Defense was established.
Church Street Historic District (Dade City, Florida)
The Church Street Historic District is a historic district in Dade City, Florida. The district runs along Church Street, between 9th and 17th Streets. It covers 14 acres (0.057 km2), and contains 34 historic buildings and 1 structure. On August 21, 1997, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Dade City, Florida
Dade City is a city in, and the county seat of Pasco County, Florida, United States. It is located in the Tampa Bay Area, northeast of Tampa and southwest of Orlando. The population was 7,275 as of the 2020 census. The current mayor of Dade City is Scott Black.

The city was named after U.S. Army Major Francis L. Dade, who was killed—alongside most of the men he led from Fort Brooke (present-day Tampa) to Fort King (present-day Ocala)—in the Dade Battle, a pivotal event that sparked the Second Seminole War.
Tazehabad-e Markazi
Tazehabad-e Markazi (Persian: تازه ابادمركزي, also Romanized as Tāzehābād-e Markazī; also known as Tāzeh Deh) is a village in Shamshir Rural District, in the Central District of Paveh County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 13 families.

Shamshir Rural District
Shamshir Rural District (Persian: دهستان شمشير) is in the Central District of Paveh County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shamshir. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Churizhi, now a neighborhood in the city of Paveh with a population of 3,500 people.
Highlands Hammock State Park
Highlands Hammock State Park is a 9,000-acre (3,640 ha) park 4 miles (6 km) west of Sebring in Highlands County, Florida, off U.S. 27. The park opened in 1931, four years before the Florida state park system was created.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Red-shouldered hawk
The red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) is a medium-sized buteo. Its breeding range spans eastern North America and along the coast of California and northern to northeastern-central Mexico. It is a permanent resident throughout most of its range, though northern birds do migrate, mostly to central Mexico. The main conservation threat to the widespread species is deforestation.
SPD Hamburg
The SPD Hamburg, officially SPD State Organisation Hamburg (German: SPD Landesorganisation Hamburg), is the state organisation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in Hamburg and is the state association with the largest membership of any party in the city state.

Hamburg Parliament
The Hamburg Parliament (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry” or, more poetically, “Hamburgish Burgessry”) is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg according to the constitution of Hamburg. As of 2025 there are 121 sitting members, representing 17 electoral districts. The parliament is situated in the city hall Hamburg Rathaus and is part of the Government of Hamburg.

The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet).

The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

Its members are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years.
Pepe Mel
José "Pepe" Mel Pérez (born 28 February 1963) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker, currently a manager.

He amassed Segunda División totals of 215 matches and 78 goals over eight seasons, for Real Madrid Castilla, Castellón and Betis. He also played in La Liga with the last of those clubs.

Mel took up coaching in 1999, going on to be in charge of several teams, mainly Rayo Vallecano and Betis, leading the latter to the second-tier championship in 2011 and 2015. He also worked in England with West Bromwich Albion and Greece with OFI, being dismissed five times throughout his career.

1989–90 Segunda División
The 1989–90 Segunda División season saw 20 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. Real Burgos, Real Betis and RCD Español were promoted to Primera División. Racing de Santander, Castilla CF, Recreativo de Huelva and Atlético Madrileño were relegated to Segunda División B.
Medicen
Medicen (also called Medicen Paris Region) is a French business cluster created in 2005 and located in Île-de-France. Its main focus is Biomedical engineering.

It brings together 13 major companies, 138 small and medium enterprises, 28 research centers, and universities.

The cluster is dedicated to biological and clinical research to find new drugs and gene therapies. The Medicen Paris Region has six thematic priorities. Three of these themes are for therapeutic purposes: nervous system disease, Cancer, and infectious diseases. The other three focus on technology: molecular medicine, biomedical Imaging and Science and Technology.

Business cluster
A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field. Clusters are considered to increase the productivity with which companies can compete, nationally and globally. Accounting is a part of the business cluster.

In urban studies, the term agglomeration is used. Clusters are also important aspects of strategic management.
Mazilug
54°05′N 43°12′E﻿ / ﻿54.083°N 43.200°E﻿ / 54.083; 43.200

Mazilug (Russian: Мазилуг) is a rural locality (a village) in Torbeyevsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia.  It is in administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement of Torbeyevo and is located within 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) of it.  Population is mostly Mordovian.

Torbeyevo, Republic of Mordovia
Torbeyevo (Russian: Торбе́ево, Moksha: Тарбей, Tarbej) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Torbeyevsky District in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,373.
Ronnie Lessa
Ronnie Lessa (born July 15, 1970), rarely and erroneously referred to as Rony or Roni Lessa, is a former military police officer from Rio de Janeiro, retired in 2010, mainly known for being one of the main suspects involved in the assassination of councilwoman Marielle Franco and driver Anderson Gomes, which occurred in Rio de Janeiro on March 14, 2018. He is also known for his connection with the militia in the state.

Prior to the Marielle case, he became notorious for his work as a military and civilian police officer, receiving commendations. In 2009, he survived an assassination attempt but had part of his leg amputated, which ultimately led to his retirement. In 2022, he was convicted of international arms trafficking and is under investigation for the execution of two people in 2000, in an unrelated case to Marielle's murder.

Brazilian militias
Brazilian militias (Portuguese: Milícias), mainly in Rio de Janeiro, and some other cities of Brazil, are illegal mafia-like paramilitary groups made up of current and former police (Civil or Military) officers as well as Military Firefighters Corps officers, criminals, politicians, and military officers, operating also as a regular mafia by trade extortion and political influence.

Militias carry out both vigilante and organized crime activities.  In the favelas, drug gangs like ADA and Red Command control trafficking and violence networks, openly selling drugs and carrying weapons as well as acting as the de facto authorities, building infrastructure and enforcing their own brand of law and order. These police-backed militias historically force out the drug traffickers in order to set up their own protection rackets, extorting residents and taxing basic services.
Buckskin, Indiana
Buckskin is a census designated place in Barton Township, Gibson County, Indiana. Although unincorporated, Buckskin has the ZIP code 47647.

A post office was established at Buckskin in 1847, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1989.

Waldo J. Wood Memorial High School
The Waldo J. Wood Memorial High School, formerly referred to as Oakland City Wood Memorial High School by the IHSAA, now simply as Wood Memorial High School is a public education institution located in Oakland City, Indiana, USA, serving the East Gibson School Corporation and drawing students from Barton, Center and Columbia Townships in the much more sparsely populated eastern third of Gibson County, Indiana. As such, Wood Memorial is the smallest high school in county, being roughly half the sizes of either Gibson Southern or Princeton Community.
Sport Victoria
Sport Victoria is a Peruvian football club representing the city of Ica, Peru. 
The club was founded in 1916 and currently plays in the Peruvian Segunda División which is the second division of the Peruvian league.

2012 Copa Perú
The 2012 Copa Perú season (Spanish: Copa Perú 2012), the promotion tournament of Peruvian football, started on February.

The tournament has 5 stages. The first four stages are played as mini-league round-robin tournaments, except for third stage in region IV, which is played as a knockout stage. The final stage features two knockout rounds and a final four-team group stage to determine the two promoted teams.

The 2012 Peru Cup started with the District Stage (Spanish: Etapa Distrital) on February.  The next stage was the Provincial Stage (Spanish: Etapa Provincial) which started on June. The tournament continued with the Departamental Stage (Spanish: Etapa Departamental) on July. The Regional Stage follow in September. The National Stage (Spanish: Etapa Nacional) starts in November. The winner of the National Stage will be promoted to the First Division and the runner-up will be promoted to the Second Division.
Text to speech in digital television
Text to speech in digital television refers to digital television products that use speech synthesis (computer-generated speech that “talks” to the end user) to enable access to blind or partially sighted people. By combining a digital television (a television, set-top box, personal video recorder, or other type of receiver) with a speech synthesis engine, blind and partially sighted people are able to access information that is normally displayed visually in order to operate the menus and electronic program guides of the receiver.

DigitalEurope
DigitalEurope (stylized as DIGITALEUROPE) is a European trade association located in Brussels, Belgium, that represents the information technology industry.

Members include 120 technology companies and 41 national trade associations. It seeks to ensure industry participation in the development and implementation of EU policies" and has several working groups that focus on different aspects of policy—environment, trade, technical and regulatory and the digital economy.
TA cloning
TA cloning (also known as rapid cloning or T cloning) is a subcloning technique that avoids the use of restriction enzymes and is easier and quicker than traditional subcloning. The technique relies on the ability of adenine (A) and thymine (T) (complementary basepairs) on different DNA fragments to hybridize and, in the presence of ligase, become ligated together. PCR products are usually amplified using Taq DNA polymerase which preferentially adds an adenine to the 3' end of the product. Such PCR amplified inserts are cloned into linearized vectors that have complementary 3' thymine overhangs.

Thymine
Thymine (/ˈθaɪmiːn/) (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil.  Thymine was first isolated in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann from calf thymus glands, hence its name.
Praveen Kumar (police officer)
Praveen Kumar (born 5 September 1970) is an IPS officer (1993 Batch) of the West Bengal cadre. He has been serving as the Director General (DG) of the Border Security Force since 1 December 2025 and has served as the former Director General of  Indo-Tibetan Border Police .

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).