hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dan Neidle
Dan Neidle (born 1973) is a British tax lawyer, investigative journalist and commentator, who researches and writes on issues of tax law and tax policy.

Neidle worked as a tax lawyer at international law firm Clifford Chance for 23 years, becoming its UK head of tax in 2020.  After retiring, he created Tax Policy Associates, a non-profit which advises policymakers and journalists on tax policy.

For his work, Neidle won the "Investigation of the Year" award in the British Journalism Awards 2023.

ITR (magazine)
ITR, previously known as International Tax Review, is a business-to-business publication focused on news analysis of tax policy and tax advice from around the world. This remit includes transfer pricing, corporate tax and indirect tax, particularly VAT and sales tax. The magazine provides in-depth and strategic coverage of policy developments at the EU and the OECD, particularly the latter's BEPS project.
Guilt (emotion)
Guilt is a moral emotion that occurs when a person believes or realizes—accurately or not—that they have compromised their own standards of conduct or have violated universal moral standards and bear significant responsibility for that violation. Feeling guilty is unpleasant for people while they experience it, but it can prompt positive, pro-social efforts to restore relationships and make amends.

When understood as a collection of basic emotions, guilt is composed of self-directed anger, sadness for the victim, anxiety, and fear (e.g., of damaging or losing relationships with individuals and society). Guilt is closely related to the concepts of remorse, regret, and shame.

Guilt is an important factor in perpetuating obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Laze, Novo Mesto
Laze (pronounced [ˈlaːzɛ]; German: Reuter, also Reuther or Laase) is a settlement south of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The railway line from Ljubljana to Metlika runs through the settlement. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church, built on the southern outskirts of the village, is dedicated to Saint Matthias and belongs to the Parish of Toplice. It dates to the late 17th century.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Pureza station
Pureza station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 2 (LRT-2) system in Santa Mesa, Manila. It is named because of its location near Pureza Street. The name originated from the Spanish word for "purity".

The station is the third station for trains headed to Antipolo and the eleventh station for trains headed to Recto.

Antipolo station
Antipolo station, formerly known as Masinag station, is the current eastern terminus of the Light Rail Transit Line 2 (LRT-2) system. It opened on July 5, 2021 and is the line's easternmost station, situated on the stretch of Marikina–Infanta Highway near the intersection of Sumulong Highway in Antipolo, Rizal. It is the first LRT station outside Metro Manila to be operational.
Hyeon Taeghwan
Taeghwan Hyeon (Korean: 현택환; born in 1964) is a South Korean chemist. He is SNU distinguished professor in the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University, director of Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Hyeon is recognized by his pioneering work in chemical synthesis of uniformly sized nanocrystals and various applications of functional nanomaterials. In 2011, he was listed as the 37th most cited chemist and the 19th in materials science among "Top 100 Chemists" of the decade by UNESCO&IUPAC. He has published over 350 papers in prominent international journals with more than 70,000 citations and an h-index of 137. Since 2014, he has been listed as a Highly Cited Researcher in chemistry and materials science by Clarivate Analytics and became a Clarivate Citation Laureate in 2020.

Institute for Basic Science
The Institute for Basic Science (IBS; Korean: 기초과학연구원) is a Korean government-funded research institute that conducts basic science research and relevant pure basic research. Comprising approximately 30 research centers with more than 60 research groups across the nation and a headquarters in Daejeon, IBS has approximately 1,800 researchers and doctoral course students. Around 30% of the researchers are from countries other than South Korea. The organization is under the Ministry of Science and ICT.
Small Deep Space Transponder
The Small Deep Space Transponder is a transponder designed by JPL specifically for deep space probes.  It unifies a number of communication functions - 
receiver, command detector, telemetry modulator, exciters, beacon tone generator, and control functions - into one 3-kg package. The SDST is designed to handle X band uplink and both X band and Ka band downlink. JPL estimates that performing the same functions with separate units (as was done previously) requires over twice the mass and 4 or 5 individual subassemblies.

X band
The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of the X band is set at approximately 7.0–11.2 GHz. In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as 8.0–12.0 GHz. The X band is used for radar, satellite communication, and wireless computer networks.
Presidential Administration of Belarus
The Administration of the President of the Republic of Belarus (Russian: Администрация Президента Республики Беларусь, Belarusian: Адміністрацыя Прэзыдэнта Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Administracyja Prezydenta Respubliki Bielaruś) is a state administration body of Belarus that supervises the implementation of the resolutions of the President.

Oleg Proleskovsky
Oleg Vitoldovich Proleskovsky (Belarusian: Алег Вітальдавіч Праляскоўскі Aleg Vitaldavich Pralyaskovski; Russian: Олег Витольдович Пролесковский Oleg Vitoldovich Proleskovskiy; born 1 October 1963) is a Belarusian politician who was the Minister of Information of Belarus.
Tonalism
Tonalism was an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s when American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915, dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style. During the late 1890s, American art critics began to use the term "tonal" to describe these works, as well as the lesser-known synonyms Quietism and Intimism. Two of the leading associated painters were George Inness and James McNeill Whistler.

Tonalism is sometimes used to describe American landscapes derived from the French Barbizon style, which emphasized mood and shadow. Tonalism was eventually eclipsed by Impressionism and European modernism.

Australian Tonalism emerged as an art movement in Melbourne during the 1910s.

Art movement
An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific art philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defined within a number of years. Art movements were especially important in modern art, when each consecutive movement was considered a new avant-garde movement. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality (figurative art). By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new style which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy (abstract art).
Seethammadhara
Seethammadhara is a neighborhood in the city of Visakhapatnam, India. The neighborhood is considered as the major residential area in the district. It is located within the jurisdiction of the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, which is responsible for the civic amenities in Seethammadhara. It is located in the central of Visakhapatnam city.
Seethammadhara mandal is one of the 46 mandals of Visakhapatnam District. It is under the administration of Visakhapatnam revenue division and the headquarters is located at Seethammadhara. The Mandal is bounded by Gopalapatnam, Maharanipeta and Bheemunipatnam mandals.

Bheemunipatnam
Bheemunipatnam (also known as Bheemili) is a suburb of Visakhapatnam, India. The town was named after Bhima, a character in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. It was formerly administered under the Bheemunipatnam municipality but merged into GVMC in 2017. It is currently under the administration of Bheemunipatnam Revenue Division and its headquarters is at Bheemunipatnam.
René-Laurent Vuillermoz
René-Laurent Vuillermoz (born in Aosta on (1977-10-26)26 October 1977) is a retired Italian biathlete.

He competed in the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Italy. His best finish is 8th, as a member of the Italian relay team in 2006. His best individual performance is 13th, in the 2006 pursuit.

As of February 2013, his best finish at a Biathlon World Championships is 4th, in the 2007 relay. His best individual performance is 9th, in the sprint of the same year.

As of February 2013, he has earned five Biathlon World Cup medals, including two individual medals.  He has two silvers, in the mixed relay at Pyeongchang in 2007/08 and the men's relay in Antholz from 2011/12. He also has two individual bronze medals, from sprint races at Ruhpolding in 2004/05 and Oberhof in 2006/07 His best overall finish in the Biathlon World Cup is 27th, in 2005/06 .

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
1983 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1983 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 31 December 1982 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1983 in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Cook Islands, the Bahamas, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines, and Antigua & Barbuda.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Inland Revenue
The Inland Revenue was, until April 2005, a department of the British Government responsible for the collection of direct taxation, including income tax, national insurance contributions, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax and stamp duty. More recently, the Inland Revenue also administered the Tax Credits schemes, whereby monies, such as Working Tax Credit (WTC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC), are paid by the government into a recipient's bank account or as part of their wages. The Inland Revenue was also responsible for the payment of child benefit (from 1999).

The Inland Revenue was merged with HM Customs and Excise to form HM Revenue and Customs which came into existence on 18 April 2005. The current name was promoted by the use of the expression "from Revenue and Customs" in a series of annual radio, and to a lesser extent, television public information broadcasts in the 2000s and 2010s.
International reactions to the Syrian civil war
International reactions to the Syrian civil war ranged from support for the government to calls for the government to dissolve. The Arab League, United Nations and Western governments in 2011 quickly condemned the Syrian government's response to the protests which later evolved into the Syrian civil war as overly heavy-handed and violent. Many Middle Eastern governments initially expressed support for the government and its "security measures", but as the death toll mounted, especially in Hama, they switched to a more balanced approach, criticizing violence from both government and protesters. Russia and China vetoed two attempts at United Nations Security Council sanctions against the Syrian government.

INA d.d.
INA-Industrija nafte, d.d. is a Croatian multinational oil company headquartered in Zagreb. INA Group has a leading role in Croatia's oil business, including oil and gas exploration, production, processing and distribution. INA is a stock company whose main shareholders are the Hungarian MOL Group (49%) and the Croatian Government (45%), with the rest owned by private and institutional investors. INA shares have been listed both on the London stock exchange and Zagreb stock exchange since 1 December 2006. INA Group is composed of several affiliated companies wholly or partially owned by INA, d.d.
Basic Points Unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
The Basic Points Unifying the Theravāda and the Mahāyāna is an important Buddhist ecumenical statement created in 1967 during the First Congress of the World Buddhist Sangha Council (WBSC), where its founder Secretary-General, the late Venerable Pandita Pimbure Sorata Thera, requested the Ven. Walpola Rahula Thera to present a concise formula for the unification of all the different Buddhist traditions. This text was then unanimously approved by the council.

Prajñā (Buddhism)
Prajñā (प्रज्ञा) or paññā (𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸) is a Buddhist term often translated as "wisdom", "transcendental wisdom", "insight", "intelligence", or "understanding". It is described in Buddhist texts as the understanding of the true nature of phenomena. In the context of Buddhist meditation, it is the ability to understand the three characteristics of all things: anicca ("impermanence"), dukkha ("dissatisfaction" or "suffering"), and anattā ("non-self" or "egolessness"). Mahāyāna texts describe it as the understanding of śūnyatā ("emptiness"). It is part of the Threefold Training in Buddhism, and is one of the ten pāramīs of Theravāda Buddhism and one of the six Mahāyāna pāramitās.
Regent College
Regent College is an interdenominational evangelical Christian College of Christian studies, and an affiliated college of the University of British Columbia, located next to the university's campus in the University Endowment Lands west of Vancouver, British Columbia. The school's stated mission is to "cultivate intelligent, vigorous, and joyful commitment to Jesus Christ, His church, and His world."

In 2024-25, Regent College reported enrolment at 319 students and 12 faculty. In any given year, one-third to one-half of students are Canadian, another one-quarter to one-third are American, and the remaining twenty to thirty per cent come from around the globe.

Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
The Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS) is an organization of seminaries and other graduate schools of theology. ATS has its headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
Hahnweiler
Hahnweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːnvaɪlɐ]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Baumholder, whose seat is in the like-named town.

County Palatine of Veldenz
The County Palatine of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate with full voting rights to the Reichstag. The county was located partially between Kaiserslautern, Sponheim and Zweibrücken, partially on the Mosel in the Archbishopric of Trier. A municipality of the same name, Veldenz, and a castle, Schloss Veldenz, are located in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich.
2007 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 2007 Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race took place from 14 March to 20 March 2007. The event was won by German Andreas Klöden of the Astana, who combined good time-trialling and climbing skills to take the race lead on the penultimate stage.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.
Trąbki, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Trąbki [ˈtrɔmpki] (German: Trampke) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Marianowo, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Marianowo, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Stargard, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Marianowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Marianowo [marjaˈnɔvɔ] is a village in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Marianowo. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) east of Stargard and 46 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 910.

It is situated on the eastern and northern shores of Lake Marianowskie.
Edward Berger
Edward Berger (German: [ˈɛtvaʁt ˈbɛʁɡɐ]; born 1970) is a Swiss and Austrian director and screenwriter. He is known for his work in Germany, where he was born and grew up, such as the German films Jack (2014), All My Loving (2019), and All Quiet on the Western Front (2022), as well as his English-language debut Conclave (2024). He also directed several television series including Deutschland 83 (2015) and Patrick Melrose (2018).

All Quiet on the Western Front won Berger an Academy Award for Best International Film, was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay, and won three British Academy Film Awards. For Conclave, Berger received his first Golden Globe nomination for Best Director and a BAFTA for Outstanding British Film.

International Emmy Awards
The International Emmy Awards, or International Emmys, are part of the extensive range of Emmy Awards for artistic and technical merit for the television industry. Bestowed by the New York–based International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), the International Emmys are presented in recognition to the best television programs initially produced and aired outside the United States. The awards are presented at the International Emmy Awards Gala, held annually in November in New York City. It attracts over 1,200 television professionals. The first International Emmys ceremony was held in 1973, expanding what was originally a U.S.-only Emmy Award.
Vormsi
Vormsi (Swedish: Ormsö) is the fourth-largest island of Estonia, measuring 92 square kilometres (36 square miles) and a registered population of around 400. It is located in the Baltic Sea, northwest of the mainland and east of Hiiumaa island, and is part of the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago).

Administratively the island forms part of Vormsi Parish (rural municipality).

Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa (US: /ˈhiːʊmɑː, ˈhiːəmɑː/ HEE-uum-ah, -⁠ə-mah, Estonian: [ˈhiːumɑː]) is the second largest island in Estonia and is part of the West Estonian archipelago, in the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 989 km2 and is 22 km from the Estonian mainland. Its largest town is Kärdla. It is located within Hiiu County.
Frank DeArmon Whitney
For the 19th-century baseball player, see Frank Whitney (baseball).

Frank DeArmon Whitney (born November 22, 1959) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina.

United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
The United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina (in case citations, W.D.N.C.)  is a federal district court which covers the western third of North Carolina.

Appeals from the Western District of North Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Otto Ludwig (footballer)
Otto Ludwig (29 November 1934 – 17 August 2014) was a German footballer who played for FC Basel during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He played in the position of forward and winger. Ludwig was born in Basel and the grew up in Basel-Breite, a quarter south of the river, as son of German parents.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Burgettstown, Pennsylvania
Burgettstown is a borough in northwestern Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,424 according to the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

The Pavilion at Star Lake, a 23,000-seat outdoor amphitheater that hosts many of the Pittsburgh area's headlining concerts, is located near Burgettstown.

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.