hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thavam (2019 film)
Thavam (transl. Penance) is a 2019 film co-directed by R. Vijay Anand and A. R. Suriyan, both of whom directed Vilayattu Aarambam. The film stars newcomers Vasi Ashif, Pooja Shree, and Seeman in the lead roles. The film released on 8 November.

Vilayattu Aarambam
Vilayattu Aarambam (transl. The game's beginning) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by Vijay R Anand and AR Suriyan and starring Yuvan and Shravya. The film is based on a true story regarding the collapse of a MLM company.
Hampen Railway Cutting
Hampen Railway Cutting (grid reference SP062205) is a 3.9-hectare (9.6-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1974. The site is listed in the Cotswold District Local Plan 2001–2011 as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS) and Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS).

Hampen Formation
The Hampen Formation is a Jurassic geological formation of Bathonian age found in central Southern England. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. This formation was formerly known as the Hamden Marly Formation or the Hamden Marly Beds.
Gmina Pysznica
Gmina Pysznica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Stalowa Wola County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pysznica, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Stalowa Wola and 61 km (38 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 147.82 square kilometres (57.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,492 (10,480 in 2013). The boss is Łukasz Bajgierowicz.

Stalowa Wola County
Stalowa Wola County (Polish: powiat stalowowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Stalowa Wola, which lies 62 kilometres (39 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The county covers an area of 832.92 square kilometres (321.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 103,293, out of which the population of Stalowa Wola is 60,799, and the rural population is 42,494.
Kilcrease Light Artillery
The Kilcrease Light Artillery was a Confederate army artillery company.

Headed by Captain Patrick Houston and Captain Frederick L. Villepigue, it was formed in Leon County, Florida in the spring of 1863 upon the dividing of the Leon Light Artillery. The Kilcrease company was assigned to the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and served at St. Johns Island, South Carolina as well as in the Battle of Natural Bridge. The Kilcrease company was also stationed in various locations in Florida. The company was included in the surrender at Tallahassee, Florida, on May 10, 1865.

Villepigue had been a first lieutenant with the Leon Light Artillery and was promoted to captain of the Kilcrease company on May 26, 1863. He served with the Kilcrease Light Artillery until November 22, 1864, when he resigned his commission to become Secretary of the Confederate Senate.

Battle of Natural Bridge
The Battle of Natural Bridge was fought during the American Civil War near what is now Woodville, Florida south of Tallahassee on March 6, 1865. A small group of Confederate troops and volunteers, which included teenagers from the nearby Florida Military and Collegiate Institute that would later become Florida State University, protected by breastworks, prevented a detachment of United States Colored Troops from crossing the Natural Bridge on the St. Marks River.

The Natural Bridge is a 1⁄4-mile-long (400-meter) stretch along which the St. Marks River runs underground, after dropping into a sinkhole.
West of England Tumbler
The West of England Tumbler is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. West of England Tumblers, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants of the rock dove (Columba livia).
The breed was developed in England in Bristol and the surrounding West Country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Pigeon keeping
Pigeon keeping or pigeon fancying is the art and science of breeding domestic pigeons.  People have practiced pigeon keeping for at least 5,000 years and in almost every part of the world. In that time, humans have substantially altered the morphology and the behaviour of the domesticated descendants of the rock dove to suit their needs for food, aesthetic satisfaction and entertainment.

People who breed pigeons are commonly referred to as pigeon fanciers. The hobby is gaining in popularity in the United States, after having waned within the last 50 years. Both the hobby and commercial aspects of keeping pigeons are thriving in other parts of the world.
Mapuche uprising of 1655
The Mapuche uprising of 1655 (Spanish: alzamiento mapuche de 1655 or levantamiento mapuche de 1655) was a series of coordinated Mapuche attacks against Spanish settlements and forts in colonial Chile. It was the worst military crisis in Chile in decades, and contemporaries even considered the possibility of a civil war among the Spanish. The uprising marks the beginning of a ten-year period of warfare between the Spanish and the Mapuche.

San Fabián de Conuco
San Fabián de Conuco is a fort four kilometers south of the town of Rafael, Chile. It was first established by governor Alonso de Sotomayor in 1584 to secure control of the Coelemu region between the Itata River and Concepcion. It was destroyed and was then restored in 1657 by order of governor Pedro Porter Casanate. The Mapudungun word means water of torcaza from сопu, the bird called the torcaza and from со "water".
Rubus satis
Rubus satis is a North American species of dewberry in the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It is commonly known as downy racemose dewberry. It has a broad distribution in North America, ranging from Minnesota south to Arkansas and northeast to New York and Ontario.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Dipodillus
Dipodillus is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. It is sometimes classified as a subgenus of the genus Gerbillus.

It contains the following species:

Botta's gerbil (Dipodillus bottai)

North African gerbil (Dipodillus campestris)

Wagner's gerbil (Dipodillus dasyurus)

Harwood's gerbil (Dipodillus harwoodi)

James's gerbil (Dipodillus jamesi)

Lowe's gerbil (Dipodillus lowei)

Mackilligin's gerbil (Dipodillus mackilligini)

Greater short-tailed gerbil (Dipodillus maghrebi)

Rupicolous gerbil (Dipodillus rupicola)

Lesser short-tailed gerbil (Dipodillus simoni)

Somalian gerbil (Dipodillus somalicus)

Khartoum gerbil (Dipodillus stigmonyx)

Kerkennah Islands gerbil (Dipodillus zakariai)

Lowe's gerbil
Lowe's gerbil (Dipodillus lowei) is distributed mainly in Sudan; Jebel Marra.  Less than 250 individuals of this species are thought to persist in the wild. It is named after the collector Willoughby Prescott Lowe.
Doug Swift
Douglas A. Swift (born October 24, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for six seasons with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). Swift moved into the starting lineup as a rookie and held the strongside linebacker position for the next six seasons, including the Dolphins' Super Bowl victories following the 1972 and 1973 seasons. Swift's blitz late in the second quarter of Super Bowl VII forced Washington Redskins quarterback Billy Kilmer to make a hurried throw, which Nick Buoniconti intercepted and returned into Washington territory to set up the Dolphins' second touchdown in a 14–7 victory, cementing Miami's 17–0 season. Made available in the 1976 NFL expansion draft, he chose to retire from football and enter medical school rather than report to the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

He is a graduate of both Nottingham High School and Amherst College (1970).  Swift is an anesthesiologist in Philadelphia.

Billy Kilmer
William Orland Kilmer Jr. (born September 5, 1939) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers, New Orleans Saints, and  Washington Redskins. He was also used as a running back, wide receiver, and punter.  He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, then 18 seasons as a professional. In 1964, while playing running back for the 49ers, Kilmer played a supporting role in one of the most infamous incidents in gridiron history when Vikings defensive lineman Jim Marshall ran Kilmer's fumble back 66 yards into the wrong end zone.  In January 1973, at the end of the 1972 NFL season, Kilmer was the losing quarterback in Super Bowl VII, when the Miami Dolphins completed the first and only perfect NFL season by defeating Kilmer's Washington Redskins 14-7.
Victorian jewellery
Victorian jewellery originated in England; it was produced during the Victoria era, when Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901. Queen Victoria was an influential figure who established the different trends in Victorian jewellery. The amount of jewellery acquired throughout the era established a person's identity and status.

Victorian jewellery included a diverse variety of styles and fashions. These phases can be categorised into three distinct periods: the Romantic, Grand, and Aesthetic periods.

Onyx
Onyx is a typically black-and-white banded variety of agate, a silicate mineral. The bands can also be monochromatic with alternating light and dark bands. Sardonyx is a variety with red to brown bands alternated with black or white bands. The name "onyx" is also frequently used for level-banded (parallel-banded) agates, but in proper usage it refers to color pattern not band structure. Onyx, as a descriptive term, has also been incorrectly applied to parallel-banded varieties of alabaster, marble, calcite, obsidian, and opal, and misleadingly to materials with contorted banding, such as "cave onyx" and "Mexican onyx".
Edgardo Bauza
Edgardo Bauza (born 26 January 1958) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a defender. Before taking up management, he played over 300 games for Rosario Central. He also played for Independiente in Argentina, Atlético Junior in Colombia and Veracruz in Mexico.

As a manager, Bauza has coached several South American sides, mainly in Argentina, but also teams in Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil, as well as Saudi club Al-Nassr, and the Argentina, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia national teams.

2011 Copa Sudamericana
The 2011 Copa Sudamericana de Clubes (officially the 2011 Copa Bridgestone Sudamericana de Clubes for sponsorship reasons) was the 10th edition of the Copa Sudamericana, South America's secondary international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The winner, Universidad de Chile, qualified for the 2012 Copa Libertadores, the 2012 Recopa Sudamericana, and the 2012 Suruga Bank Championship.
Clethrobius
Clethrobius is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.

The genus was first described by Mordvilko in 1928.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species include:

Clethrobius comes (Walker, 1848)

Aphididae
The Aphididae are a very large insect family in the aphid superfamily (Aphidoidea), of the order Hemiptera. These insects suck the sap from plant leaves. Several thousand species are placed in this family, many of which are considered plant/crop pests. They are the family of insects containing most plant virus vectors (around 200 known) with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) being one of the most prevalent and indiscriminate carriers.
NS-2710
NS-2710 (LS-193,970) is an anxiolytic drug with a novel chemical structure, developed by the small pharmaceutical company NeuroSearch. It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic. NS-2710 is a potent but non-selective partial agonist at GABAA receptors, although with little efficacy at the α1 subtype and more at α2 and α3. It has anxiolytic effects comparable to chlordiazepoxide, and while it is a less potent anticonvulsant than the related drug NS-2664, it has a much longer duration of action, and similarly to other α2/α3-preferring partial agonists produces little sedative effects or physical dependence.

Nonbenzodiazepine
Nonbenzodiazepines (/ˌnɒnˌbɛnzoʊdaɪˈæzɪpiːn, -ˈeɪ-/), sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as some of the more well-known drugs begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.

Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks. However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.
2022 Negeri Sembilan FC season
The 2022 season in the Malaysia Super League was Negeri Sembilan's  10th season, while 99th year of its foundation. Since its establishment in 1923, Negeri Sembilan has won the Malaysia Cup several times. It has won the cup in 1948, 2009, and 2011. Along with the league, the club has also competed in the Malaysia Cup and Malaysia FA Cup in 2022.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.
Gutefrage.net
gutefrage (from German gute Frage, which means "good question") is a German question and answer website without topic specialization.

The website is financed by advertisement, but it is possible to pay to use the site without advertisements. The user-generated content is freely available to platform users and cannot necessarily be changed or deleted by content creators at will. Content is only allowed in German, with the exception of quotes, meanings, or specific translations.

Comparison of Q&A sites
The following is a list of websites that follow a question-and-answer format. The list contains only websites for which an article exists, dedicated either wholly or at least partly to the websites.

The most visited Q&A sites is Quora and Stack Exchange.

For the humor "Q&A site" format first popularized by Forum 2000 and The Conversatron, see Q&A comedy website.
Mukīl rēš lemutti
Mukīl rēš lemutti, inscribed in cuneiform Sumerian syllabograms as (d)SAG.ḪUL.ḪA.ZA and meaning "he who holds the head of evil", was an ancient Mesopotamian winged leonine demon, a harbinger of misfortune associated with benign headaches and wild swings in mood, where the afflicted  "continually behaves like an animal caught in a trap." It was one of the two demons that followed people around, an “evil accomplice” also referred to as rabis lemutti (“he who offers misfortune”), with its auspicious alter-ego mukīl rēš daniqti or rabis damiqti (“he who offers good things”).

Esagil-kin-apli
Esagil-kin-apli, was the ummânū, or chief scholar, of Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina, 1067–1046 BCE, as he appears on the Uruk List of Sages and Scholars (165 BCE) listed beside him and is best known for his Diagnostic Handbook, Sakikkū (SA.GIG), a medical treatise which uses symptoms to ascertain etiology, frequently supernatural, and prognosis, which became the received text during the first millennium.

He was a “prominent citizen of Borsippa” from a learned family as he was referred to as the “son” of Assalluḫi-mansum, the apkallu, or sage, of Hammurabi’s time, c. 1792–1750 BCE.
Maui Patera
Maui Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is about 38 kilometers in diameter and is located at 16°37′N 124°14′W﻿ / ﻿16.61°N 124.23°W﻿ / 16.61; -124.23. It is named after Māui, a Hawaiian demigod that sought fire from Mafuike. Its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. It is located southwest of the eruptive center Maui, south of Euxine Mons, and southwest of the volcano Amirani. Due east are Monan Patera, Monan Mons, and Ah Peku Patera.

Amirani (volcano)
Amirani is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io, the inner-most of the Galilean Moons. It is located on Io's leading hemisphere at 24°28′N 114°41′W﻿ / ﻿24.46°N 114.68°W﻿ / 24.46; -114.68﻿ (Amirani). The volcano is responsible for the largest active lava flow in the entire Solar System, with recent flows dwarfing those of even other volcanos on Io.

The volcano was first observed in images acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in March 1979.  Later that year, the International Astronomical Union named this feature after a Georgian fire god, Amirani.
Dundicut
Dundicut peppers are a variety of small, round (approx. 1/2" to 1" diameter), dark red chili peppers grown in Sindh, in Pakistan, Sikkim in India and Ilam in Nepal.  They are a cultivar of either Capsicum frutescens or Capsicum annuum and are also known in Asia as gol lal mirch. Sold dried, Dundicuts are similar in size and flavor to Scotch bonnet peppers, but are not as hot, and are of a different species.

According to a major U.S. commercial spice vendor, dundicuts are "quite hot, with a full-bodied, complex flavor. A single crushed pepper will add heat and flavor to a dish for two." The heat rating for Dundicuts, as measured in Scoville Units, ranges from as low as 30,000 to a high of 65,000.

Dundicuts are a common ingredient in parrot food.

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens is a wild chili pepper having genetic proximity to the cultivated pepper Capsicum chinense.  It is native to Central and South America as well as Mexico. Pepper cultivars of C. frutescens can be annual or short-lived perennial plants.
Islamic Resistance in Iraq
The Islamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI; Arabic: المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق) refers to an informal network of Iranian-backed Shia Islamist factions in Iraq. The name is used by members of the network when carrying out attacks against American forces or its allies in the region. IRI does not represent the official position of the Iraqi government and consists of militias that operate outside the formal command structure of the Iraqi armed forces. It is part of the Axis of Resistance.

In October 2023, the IRI began launching rockets and drones at US bases in Iraq, Jordan and Syria, causing minor injuries to American servicemen until a drone attack killed three US soldiers in Jordan on 28 January 2024. Since November 2023, the IRI has attacked Israel with multiple drones and missiles. In April 2025, the IRI said that it was prepared to disarm to avert an escalating conflict with the Trump administration.

Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Deir ez-Zor Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة دير الزور Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in eastern Syria, bordering Iraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) and a population of 1,239,000 (2011 estimate). The capital is Deir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by the Euphrates.
Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's standing high jump
The men's standing high jump was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second time the event was held. It was held on August 31, 1904. 5 athletes from 2 nations competed. Ray Ewry continued his dominance of the standing jumps at the Olympics, successfully defending his championships in this one as well as the other two. Joseph Stadler took silver, with Lawson Robertson earning bronze to complete the American sweep (this was only one of the three standing jumps with a non-American competitor, so the sweep here was not guaranteed).

Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, twenty-five athletics events were contested. A total of 74 medals (25 gold, 25 silver and 24 bronze) were awarded.

Multi-event competitions, the all-around and triathlon, were introduced, along with a 56-pound weight throw, while the short steeplechase was lengthened slightly from 2500 to 2590 metres, the team race was lengthened from 5000 meters to 4 miles (6,437 m), and the long steeplechase was dropped.

In all, the 25 events featured in 1904 were two more than were held in 1900.

A track was built specifically for the Games on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. The track was a cinder track 1⁄3 mile (536.448m) in length, with one long straightaway.
APRECI Award for Best Actor
The APRECI Award for Best Actor (Spanish: Premio APRECI a mejor actor) is one of the annual awards given at the APRECI Awards, presented by the Asociación Peruana de Prensa Cinematográfica. It was first presented in 2017.

APRECI Awards
The APRECI Awards (Spanish: Premios APRECI) are awards given by the Asociación Peruana de Prensa Cinematográfica, which reward the best Peruvian film productions of the year. The award has been awarded annually since 2009.
Elisa Servenius
Elisa Servenius (née Bernström; fl. 1810), also known as Johanna Servenius, was a woman who served in the Swedish army dressed as a man during the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia 1808–1809. She was decorated for bravery in battle, and was the first and only woman in Sweden awarded the För tapperhet i fält for bravery in battle on land, while Brita Hagberg and Anna Maria Engsten were decorated for bravery at sea.

Anna Maria Engsten
Anna Maria Jansdotter Engsten (1764–1804) was awarded with a medal in silver for Valour in Battle at Sea by King Gustav III of Sweden for her acts during the Russo-Swedish war of 1788–1790.

Engsten was a maid to the master mariner of the Swedish fleet, G. A. Leijonancker. During the retreat from Viborg and Björkösund, she was evacuated with five sailors in a boat filled with food supplies and the captain's belongings. They were shot at by the Russian fleet, which killed a sheep and caused a leak. The sailors abandoned the boat, but she stayed behind, determined to steer the boat to safety. She did so singlehandedly, although the boat required at least two people to steer, a mission she succeeded with. This was confirmed by Major Scharff. When the King was told about this, he awarded her a medal in silver for Bravery in Battle at Sea as well as a sum of 50 riksdaler. This was paid out on 15 March 1791.