hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 FreeHour ethical hacking case
The 2022 FreeHour ethical hacking case refers to a legal and cybersecurity controversy in Malta involving three University of Malta computer science students – Michael Debono, Giorgio Grigolo, and Luke Bjorn Scerri – and their lecturer, Mark Joseph Vella. The group identified critical security vulnerabilities in FreeHour, Malta’s most popular student timetable management application, and reported them to the company through ethical hacking practices. Instead of receiving recognition or a standard "bug bounty" reward, the students faced criminal charges under Malta’s Computer Misuse Act, sparking national debates about cybersecurity laws, academic freedom, and ethical hacking protections.

White hat (computer security)
A white hat (or a white-hat hacker, a whitehat) is an ethical security hacker. Ethical hacking is a term meant to imply a broader category than just penetration testing. Under the owner's consent, white-hat hackers aim to identify any vulnerabilities or security issues the current system has. The white hat is contrasted with the black hat, a malicious hacker; this definitional dichotomy comes from Western films, where heroic and antagonistic cowboys might traditionally wear a white and a black hat, respectively. There is a third kind of hacker known as a grey hat who hacks with good intentions but at times without permission.

White-hat hackers may also work in teams called "sneakers and/or hacker clubs", red teams, or tiger teams.
Sports & Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County
The Sports & Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County (also known as the Sports & Exhibition Authority or SEA) is a municipal authority that owns and operates public sports and entertainment venues in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and the City of Pittsburgh.

Municipal authority (Pennsylvania)
A municipal authority is a form of special-purpose governmental unit in Pennsylvania. The municipal authority is an alternate vehicle for accomplishing public purposes without the direct action of counties, municipalities and school districts. These purposes commonly include the acquisition, financing, construction and operation of projects such as water supply and sewer systems, airports, transit systems, parking garages, flood control systems, parks, and similar entities. An authority may fix and collect rentals or other charges and may issue revenue bonds. A board appointed by the establishing government or governments governs each authority.

A municipal authority may be said to be an independent corporate agent of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, exercising governmental, as well as private corporate power, in assisting the Commonwealth in meeting the needs of its citizens. Most, but not all, municipal authorities operate under Pennsylvania's Municipality Authorities Act.
Ironmaster's Mansion Hostel
The Ironmaster's Mansion is a hostel and event venue located near Gardners, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located within Pine Grove Furnace State Park and is also near the midpoint of the Appalachian Trail.

The hostel is operated by the Appalachian Trail Museum, and is located a few hundred yards away from the Museum.

Hostel
A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory sleeping 4–20 people, with shared use of a lounge and usually a kitchen. Rooms can be private or shared - mixed or single-sex - and have private or shared bathrooms. Food and beverage, laundry services, luggage storage, and lockers may also be available.

Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers and with youth travel; however, most do not impose age limits. The global size of the hostel market was estimated at US$7.21 billion in 2023 and was projected to grow at a 6.5% compound annual growth rate until 2030. In 2019, there were an estimated 5,829 hostels in Europe and 4,738 hostels in Asia. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. Many hostels are locally owned and operated.
AM Canum Venaticorum star
An AM Canum Venaticorum star (AM CVn star) is a rare type of cataclysmic variable star named after their type star, AM Canum Venaticorum.  In these hot blue binary variables, a white dwarf accretes hydrogen-poor matter from a compact companion star.

These binaries have extremely short orbital periods (shorter than about one hour) and have unusual spectra dominated by helium with hydrogen absent or extremely weak. They are predicted to be strong sources of gravitational waves, strong enough to be detected with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).

Dwarf nova
A dwarf nova (pl. novae), or U Geminorum variable, is one of several types of cataclysmic variable star, consisting of a close binary star system in which one of the components is a white dwarf that accretes matter from its companion. Dwarf novae are dimmer and repeat more often than "classical" novae.
Stony Creek Mountain
Stony Creek Mountain is a 2,986 ft (910.1 m) mountain located west of the Hamlet of Coreys in Franklin County in the northeastern Adirondacks, in New York. It is named after the nearby Stony Creek Ponds and Stony Creek, which are located to the west. Ampersand Mountain is located east-northeast and Middle Saranac Lake is located north of Stony Creek Mountain.

Middle Saranac Lake
Middle Saranac Lake, also called Round Lake, is the smallest of three connected lakes, part of the Saranac River, near the village of Saranac Lake in the Adirondacks in northern New York. Two-thirds of its shoreline is state-owned. The lake is located in the towns of Harrietstown and Santa Clara, in Franklin County.

With Upper Saranac Lake and Lower Saranac Lake, a 17 miles (27 km) paddle with only one portage is possible. Weller Pond, made famous by Martha Reben's The Healing Woods, can be reached via an outlet of Hungry Bay on the north shore. The Saranac Lake Islands Public Campground provides 87 campsites on Middle and Lower Saranac Lake. The lake, along with both Upper and Lower Saranac Lakes, is also part of the 740-mile Northern Forest Canoe Trail, which begins in Old Forge, NY and ends in Fort Kent, ME.
Agency (administrative division)
Agencies are a type of administrative division:

Agencies of British India, which grouped the autonomous princely states.

Agencies of Pakistan, the main subdivisions of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Bassinvaders
Bassinvaders (also known as Markus Grosskopf's Bassinvaders)  is the bass guitar-focused side project of Helloween bassist Markus Grosskopf. The project is a unique heavy metal experiment which features only the bass guitar and does not include any conventional six-string electric or acoustic guitars. The project focuses on the bass guitar showcasing lead solo bass guitar, rhythm bass guitar and actual bass guitar along with accompanying drums.

The original project line-up consists of only Grosskopf himself, although many guest bassists, vocalists and drummers are featured in the debut album of the project.

Destruction (band)
Destruction is a German thrash metal band formed in 1982. They have been credited as one of the "Big Four" of the German thrash metal scene, the others being Kreator, Sodom and Tankard.

In addition to helping pioneer black metal, Destruction was part of the second wave of thrash metal in the mid-to-late-1980s, along with US bands Testament, Sacred Reich, Death Angel and Dark Angel. Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic stated that the band "fell under the spell of the emergent New Wave of British Heavy Metal as classic metal met the D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, then evolved into thrash metal."

For most of the 1990s, the band was not signed to a record label and self-produced their albums until they signed a contract with Nuclear Blast in the early 2000s.

The band's early releases are considered by some to be classics within the thrash metal genre. They are also considered by some journalists to be among the greatest thrash metal bands of all time.
Hollenstedt (Samtgemeinde)
Hollenstedt is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It was created as part of municipal reorganization in Lower Saxony on 1 July 1972. Its seat is in the village Hollenstedt.

The Samtgemeinde Hollenstedt consists of the following municipalities:

Appel

Drestedt

Halvesbostel

Hollenstedt

Moisburg

Regesbostel

Wenzendorf

As of March 2024, construction had begun to connect four towns within the collective municipality – Wenzendorf, Winnerstorf, Dierstorf, and Dierstorf-Heide – to a fiber optic network.

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Coahuilan box turtle
The Coahuilan box turtle (Terrapene coahuila), also known commonly as the aquatic box turtle, is an endangered species of turtle in the family Emydidae. Unlike the other members of the genus Terrapene, this turtle spends roughly 90% of its time in water.

It is a close relative to the common box turtle (Terrapene carolina). Researchers have therefore suggested that it developed from a nonaquatic species in order to survive in the desert springs of Cuatro Ciénegas.

Common box turtle
The common box turtle (Terrapene carolina) is a species of box turtle with five existing subspecies. It is found throughout the Eastern United States and Mexico. The box turtle has a distinctive hinged lower shell that allows it to completely enclose itself, like a box. Its upper jaw is hooked. 
The turtle is primarily terrestrial and eats a wide variety of plants and animals. The females lay their eggs in the summer. Turtles in the northern part of their range hibernate over the winter.

Common box turtle numbers are declining because of habitat loss, roadkill, and capture for the pet trade. The species is classified as vulnerable to threats to its survival by the IUCN Red List. Two states have chosen subspecies of the common box turtle as their official state reptile: T. c. carolina in North Carolina and Tennessee.
The Time of Infinity
The Time of Infinity is an anthology of science fiction stories edited by American writer August Derleth.  It was first published by Consul in 1963 and collects nine stories from Derleth's earlier anthology The Outer Reaches.  The stories had originally appeared in the magazines Fantastic Adventures, Astounding Stories, Thrilling Wonder Stories, Galaxy Science Fiction and Amazing Stories or in the anthology Invasion from Mars edited by Orson Welles.

The Outer Reaches
The Outer Reaches is an anthology of science fiction stories edited by August Derleth.  It was first published by Pellegrini & Cudahy in 1951.  The stories had originally appeared in the magazines Fantasy & Science Fiction,  Astounding Stories, Blue Book, Maclean's, Worlds Beyond, Amazing Stories, Fantastic Adventures, Thrilling Wonder Stories and Galaxy Science Fiction or in the anthology Invasion from Mars.

According to Derleth, the stories were selected as "favorites" by the authors involved, who provide short explanations for their choices. P. Schuyler Miller, although noting the stories "aren't all deathless prose," characterized them as "examples of the editor's good taste in writers and the authors' good taste in the difficult job of screening their own writings."
2025 Uttarakhand avalanche
The Uttarakhand Avalanche 2025 was a deadly avalanche that struck a Border Roads Organisation (BRO) camp on February 28, 2025, near Mana village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. The avalanche buried 54 workers inside eight containers and a shed at an altitude of over 10,000 feet, close to the India-China border. The incident occurred between 5:30 AM and 6:00 AM IST, in an area prone to avalanches and extreme winter conditions.

Chamoli district
Chamoli district is a district of the Uttarakhand state of India. It is bounded by China's Xizang Autonomous Region to the north, and by the Uttarakhand districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar to the east, Almora to the south, Pauri Garhwal to the southwest, Rudraprayag to the west, and Uttarkashi to the northwest. The administrative headquarters of Chamoli district is in Gopeshwar.

Chamoli hosts a variety of destinations of pilgrim and tourist interest including Badrinath, Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers. The Chipko movement was first started in Chamoli.
Beauty & the Beast season 4
The fourth and final season of Beauty & the Beast (an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name) consists of 13 episodes. It premiered in the United States on The CW on June 2, 2016.

Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)
Beauty & the Beast is a science fiction police procedural television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name. Developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin, the show premiered on The CW on October 11, 2012, and ended its four season-run on September 15, 2016. Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max Brown, Brian J. White, Amber Skye Noyes, and Michael Roark.
Donald Nicholson-Smith
Donald Nicholson-Smith is a British translator and freelance editor, interested in literature, art, psychoanalysis, social criticism, theory, history, crime fiction, and cinema. Born in Manchester, England, he was an early translator of Situationist material into English. He joined the English section of the Situationist International in 1965 and was expelled in December 1967. He lives in New York City.

Guy Debord
Guy-Ernest Debord (/dəˈbɔːr/ də-BOR; French: [gi dəbɔʁ]; 28 December 1931 – 30 November 1994) was a French Marxist theorist, philosopher, filmmaker, critic of work, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International. He was also briefly a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie. Debord is best known for his 1967 work, The Society of the Spectacle, alongside his direction to the Letterist and Situationist Magazines.
10050 Cielo Drive
10050 Cielo Drive was the street address of a former luxury home in Benedict Canyon, in the west-central part of the Beverly Crest neighborhood of Los Angeles, bordering Beverly Hills, where three members of the Manson Family committed the Tate murders in 1969.

The property had a main residence, a guest house, a pool, and a 2-story garage. The main house was occupied by various famous Hollywood and music industry figures. In 1994, both houses were demolished, and a new house was constructed on the site. The street address was subsequently changed to 10066 Cielo Drive.

Susan Atkins
Susan Denise Atkins (May 7, 1948 – September 24, 2009) was an American convicted murderer who was a member of Charles Manson's "Family". Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in California over a period of five weeks in the summer of 1969. Known within the Manson family as Sadie, Sadie Glutz, Sadie Mae Glutz or Sexy Sadie, Atkins was convicted for her participation in eight of these killings, including the most notorious, the Tate murders in 1969. She was sentenced to death, which was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment when the California Supreme Court invalidated all death sentences issued prior to 1972. Atkins was incarcerated until her death in 2009. At the time of her death, she was California's longest-serving female inmate, since surpassed by fellow Manson family members Leslie Van Houten and Patricia Krenwinkel.
Dendropsophus joannae
Dendropsophus joannae is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. The species is known from Pando Department, northern Bolivia (where its type locality is), western Brazil (Acre and Amazonas states), and Madre de Dios Region of southeastern Peru. It is similar to Dendropsophus leali but is smaller, has a shorter snout, more protuberant eyes,  and more tuberculate dorsal skin.

Dendropsophus leali
Dendropsophus leali is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and possibly Colombia.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. At last assessment, Dendropsophus leali's population trend was considered stable, i.e., its population is neither increasing or decreasing significantly in the wild.
Karl Zech
Karl Zech (6 February 1892 – 1 April 1944) was a German SS-Gruppenführer and Police President of Essen who served as the first SS and Police Leader of Krakau (today, Kraków) during the Second World War. Convicted of corruption and dismissed from the SS, he committed suicide in 1944.

Gruppenführer
Gruppenführer ([ˈɡʁʊpm̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'Group leader') was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA. Since then, the term Gruppenführer is also used for leaders of groups/teams of the police, fire departments, military and several other organizations.
Propnight
Propnight was an online asymmetric multiplayer survival horror game with Prop Hunt-style mechanics developed by Fntastic and published by Mytona. In the game, four players have the ability to turn into objects in order to evade the fifth player, a killer who is taken to catch and prevent their escape. An open beta period on Steam lasted between October 15 and October 18, 2021, before the game's full release on December 1. The game was shut down on January 22, 2024, due to Fntastic's closure, a result of the critical and financial failure of the studio's last video game The Day Before (2023).

Garry's Mod
Garry's Mod, commonly clipped as GMod, is a 2006 sandbox game developed by Facepunch Studios and published by Valve. The base game mode of Garry's Mod has no set objectives and provides the player with a world in which to freely manipulate objects. Other game modes, notably Trouble in Terrorist Town and Prop Hunt, are created by other developers as mods and are installed separately, by means such as the Steam Workshop. Garry's Mod was created by Garry Newman as a mod for Valve's Source game engine and released in December 2004, before being expanded into a standalone release that was published by Valve in November 2006. Ports of the original Windows version for Mac OS X and Linux followed in September 2010 and June 2013, respectively. As of September 2021, Garry's Mod has sold more than 20 million copies. A spiritual successor, S&box, has been in development since 2015.
Hale's Blue Boy
Hale's Blue Boy (Thai: เฮลซ์บลูบอย, pronounced [hēːw blūː bɔ̄ːj, hēːɫ-]) is a brand of flavoured syrup from Thailand, produced by Hale's Trading (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Established in 1959, the family-run business grew to become the leading syrup brand in Thailand, and is exported to several international markets. Its products—especially the red-coloured salak flavour—are used in a large variety of popular drinks and desserts.

Flavored syrup
Flavored syrups typically consist of a simple syrup, that is sugar (fully mixed with water while heated), with naturally occurring or artificial (synthesized) flavorings also dissolved in them. A sugar substitute may also be used.

Flavored syrups may be used or mixed with carbonated water, coffee, pancakes, waffles, tea, cake, ice cream, and other foods. There are hundreds of flavors ranging from cherry and peach to vanilla to malt, hazelnut, coconut, almond, gingerbread, chocolate, peppermint, rootbeer, and even toasted marshmallow.

In addition to food and drink, flavored syrups are commonly used in pharmaceutical compounding.
Zimbabwe Library Association
The Zimbabwe Library Association (ZimLA) is an association that represents library, records, archives and information professionals in Zimbabwe. Membership for those who wish to join the association is voluntary.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Avestan studies
Avestan studies is the investigation of the Avesta, i.e., the collection of Zoroastrian texts, and the Avestan languange, in which those texts are composed. It is an interdisciplinary field combining Indo-European linguistics,  comparative philology, Zoroastrian studies and Iranian history.

Karl Hoffmann (linguist)
Karl Hoffmann (26 February 1915 – 21 May 1996) was a German linguist who specialized in Indo-European and Indo-Iranian studies. He is most recognized for his achievements in his studies of Vedic Sanskrit, Avestan and Old Persian languages.
Opposition frontbench of Keir Starmer
The frontbench of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom consists of the Shadow cabinet and other shadow ministers of the political party currently serving as the Official Opposition. From 2020 to 2024, His Majesty's Loyal Opposition was the Labour Party, and the Leader of the Opposition was Keir Starmer.

Roy Kennedy, Baron Kennedy of Southwark
Roy Francis Kennedy, Baron Kennedy of Southwark, PC (born 9 November 1962) is a British politician and life peer serving as Chief Whip of the Labour Party in the UK House of Lords since 2024. He is a member of the Labour and Co-operative Parties.
Hongqian
"Red cash coins" (traditional Chinese: 紅錢; simplified Chinese: 红钱; pinyin: hóng qián; French: Sapèques rouges; Uyghur: قىزىل پۇل) are the cash coins produced in Xinjiang under Qing rule following the conquest of the Dzungar Khanate by the Qing dynasty in 1757. While in Northern Xinjiang the monetary system of China proper, with standard cash coins, was adopted in Southern Xinjiang where the pūl (ﭘول) coins of Dzungaria circulated earlier, the pūl-system was continued but some of the old Dzungar pūl coins were melted down to make Qianlong Tongbao (乾隆通寶) cash coins. Because pūl coins were usually around 98% copper, they tended to be very red in colour which gave the cash coins based on the pūl coins the nickname "red cash coins".

Because of their high copper content, "red cash coins" were usually valued at 10 wén a piece, but at times were only valued at 5 wén.

Dzungar–Qing Wars
The Dzungar–Qing Wars (Mongolian: Зүүнгар-Чин улсын дайн, simplified Chinese: 准噶尔之役; traditional Chinese: 準噶爾之役; pinyin: Zhǔngá'ěr zhī Yì; lit. 'Dzungar Campaign') were a decades-long series of conflicts that pitted the Dzungar Khanate against the Qing dynasty and its Mongol vassals. Fighting took place over a wide swath of Inner Asia, from present-day central and eastern Mongolia to Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang regions of present-day China. Qing victories ultimately led to the incorporation of Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang into the Qing Empire that was to last until the fall of the dynasty in 1911–1912, and the genocide of much of the Dzungar population in the conquered areas.