hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 deaths in the United States (July–December)
The following notable deaths in the United States occurred in 2022 within the period July–December. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order as set out in WP:NAMESORT.
A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:
Name, age, country of citizenship at birth and subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, year of birth (if known), and reference.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Saturday Night Live season 48
The forty-eighth season of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live premiered on October 1, 2022, during the 2022–23 television season with host Miles Teller and musical guest Kendrick Lamar, and concluded on April 15, 2023, with host Ana de Armas and musical guest Karol G. The season was originally scheduled to air 21 episodes and conclude on May 20, 2023. However, due to the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike, the last three planned episodes were cancelled.

Saturday Night Live season 43
The forty-third season of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live premiered on September 30, 2017, during the 2017–2018 television season with host Ryan Gosling and musical guest Jay-Z, and concluded on May 19, 2018, with host Tina Fey and musical guest Nicki Minaj. Like the final four episodes of season 42, season 43 was the first full season to broadcast live in all four time zones within the contiguous United States, with the exception of the Natalie Portman/Dua Lipa episode due to the network's commitment to the NFL.
Hanover–Hamburg railway
The Hanover–Hamburg railway is one of the most important railway lines in Lower Saxony and Germany. It links the Lower Saxon state capital of Hanover with Hamburg, running through Celle, Uelzen and Lüneburg.

Uelzen
Uelzen (German: [ˈʏltsn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Ülz'n), officially the Hanseatic City of Uelzen (German: Hansestadt Uelzen), is a town in northeast Lower Saxony, Germany, and capital of the district of Uelzen. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, a Hanseatic town and an independent municipality.

Uelzen is characterised by timber-framed architecture and also has some striking examples of North German brick Gothic. The town earned pan-regional fame when Friedensreich Hundertwasser was selected to redesign the railway station: the final work of the celebrated Viennese artist and architect was ceremonially opened in 2000 as the Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen, and remains a popular tourism destination.

The Polabian name for Uelzen is Wilcaus (spelled Wiltzaus in older German reference material), possibly derived from wilca or wilsa (< Slavic *olăša) 'alder'.
El gato tuerto
El gato tuerto is a Venezuelan telenovela created Germán Pérez Nahim and adapted by César Sierra for Televen. The show is the first telenovela produced by Televen, and premiered on 5 November 2007 registering high audience levels with a total of 34% share. It stars Sabrina Seara and Andrés Scarioni.

Televen
Televen (a contraction of Televisión Venezolana and legally known as Corporación Televen C.A.) is a private Venezuelan national television network headquartered on the Caracas neighborhood of Horizonte. For this reason it is also called 'Canal de Horizonte'. Televen was inaugurated on July 10, 1988, by Omar Camero Zamora and T Radioven, S.A. As an alternative for the two-leading-private television channels, Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) and Venevision, Televen distanced itself from this trend and made a different oriented programming in some cases the middle classes who do not usually watch TV and it was open and being composed of talk shows, sports, movies, a full range of series, mainly American, and Brazilian, Colombian, Mexican, and U.S. Hispanic telenovelas, and in the 1990s, anime.
Gmina Środa Śląska
Gmina Środa Śląska is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Środa Śląska, which lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The gmina covers an area of 214.93 square kilometres (83.0 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 19,076, of which 8,800 lived in Środa Śląska and 10,276 in the rural part of the gmina.

Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Środa County (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/; Polish: powiat średzki [ˈpɔvjat ˈɕrɛt͡skʲi], formerly Środa Śląska County) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 703.7 square kilometres (271.7 sq mi). Its administrative seat and only town is Środa Śląska.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 54,646, out of which the population of Środa Śląska accounts for 9,516, while the rural population is 45,130.
Geçitkale Air Base
Geçitkale Air Base or Lefkoniko Airport (IATA: GEC, ICAO: LCGK) is a military airfield of the Turkish Air Force near Lefkoniko (Turkish: Geçitkale) in Northern Cyprus. Construction was completed around 1990. During the renovation of the Ercan International Airport between September 2002 and May 2004, it served as Northern Cyprus' primary civilian airport. Geçitkale's unofficial ICAO code is LCGK.

In the summer of 1998, amid rising tensions between Greece and Turkey, Turkey briefly stationed six F-16s at Geçitkale, in response to the former's positioning of four F-16s and two Lockheed C-130 Hercules at Paphos. Combat aircraft last visited the airport in November 2000.

Paphos International Airport
Paphos International Airport (Greek: Διεθνής Αερολιμένας Πάφου; Turkish: Baf Uluslararası Havalimanı) (IATA: PFO, ICAO: LCPH) is a joint civil-military public airport located 6.5 kilometres (4.0 miles) south-east of the city of Paphos on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus.  It is the country's second largest airport, after Larnaca International Airport.  Paphos Airport is commonly used by tourists on vacation in western Cyprus, providing access to popular resorts such as Coral Bay, Limassol (about 50 kilometres (31 miles) south-east), and Paphos itself.
Zhoushan Archipelago New Area
Zhoushan Archipelago, officially known as Zhoushan Archipelago New Area (simplified Chinese: 舟山群岛新区; traditional Chinese: 舟山群島新區; pinyin: Zhōushān Qúndǎo Xīn Qū), is the newly established state-level new area (special economic and political administration zone) under the direct control of Zhoushan Municipal Government on 7 July 2011. Zhoushan Archipelago New Area was approved by the State Council of China's Central Government as the fourth state-level new area (following Pudong of Shanghai, Binhai of Tianjin, and Liangjiang of Chongqing), which is also the second state-level new development area in East China.

Pudong
Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name Pudong was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic city center.  It now refers to the broader Pudong New Area, a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea.

The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi's historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China. The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai, the Shanghai Expo and Century Park, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve, Nanhui New City, and the Shanghai Disney Resort.
Olsen Brothers
Olsen Brothers (Danish: Brødrene Olsen) were a Danish rock/pop music duo, formed by brothers Jørgen (born 15 March 1950) and Niels "Noller" Olsen (born 13 April 1954), both from Odense, who won the Eurovision Song Contest 2000. They formed their first band, The Kids, in 1965. The Kids warmed up for The Kinks in the K.B. Hallen in 1965 and released their first single in 1967.

Dansk Melodi Grand Prix
Dansk Melodi Grand Prix (pronounced [ˈtænˀsk me̝loˈti kʁɑn ˌpʰʁi]), also known as Melodi Grand Prix or simply DMGP, is an annual music competition organised by the Danish public broadcaster DR since 1957, which determines its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. The festival has produced three Eurovision winners and fourteen top-five placings.
Loynton Moss
Loynton Moss is a nature reserve of the Staffordshire Wildlife Trust, near the village of Woodseaves, in Staffordshire, England. It is adjacent to the Shropshire Union Canal, as it runs from nearby Norbury to High Offley.

Woodseaves
Woodseaves is a village in Staffordshire, England.

It lies in the civil parish of High Offley and is situated on the A519 (Newport-Newcastle-under-Lyme) road and lies at the south-west end of the B5405 road, which leads to Great Bridgeford. Nearby are the villages of Gnosall and Norbury, the hamlets of Knightley and High Offley, and the small town of Eccleshall. The elevation of the village is between 125 metres (410 ft) and 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level. The centre of the village is the top of a small hill, relative to the adjacent countryside, and the roads into and out of the village are almost all sloping away from the village.
Scotchgard
Scotchgard is a 3M brand of stain repellent and durable water repellent applied to fabrics, upholstery, and carpets to protect them from stains. Scotchgard products typically are based on organofluorine chemicals dissolved in a petroleum distillate solvent.

Organofluorine chemistry
A: fluoromethane

B: isoflurane

C: a CFC

D: an HFC

E: triflic acid

F: Teflon

G: PFOS

H: fluorouracil

I: fluoxetine

Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In fact, "about 40% of new pharmaceuticals ... and 25% of all those on the market...  contain fluorine".

In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents.
Pieter Bergh
Pieter Bergh is a South African professional rugby union football coach. He is currently the head coach of the Griquas side that participates in the Currie Cup. He was previously head coach of the Central University of Technology (CUT) side that participated in the Varsity Cup, and also assistant coach at the Griquas between 2014 and 2018. In 2022 he coached the first Griquas team to play in a Currie Cup final in 52 years (last 1970). In 2025 Griquas won the Currie Cup beating the Lions at Ellis Park in the final by 27-25 to lift the trophy for the first time in 55 years.

Griquas (rugby union)
Griquas (Afrikaans: Griekwas), known as the Suzuki Griquas for sponsorship reasons, are a South African professional rugby union team based in Kimberley in Northern Cape, that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament. Their home ground is Griqua Park in Kimberley and they draw their players mostly from Northern Cape Province. They have won the Currie Cup four times – in 1899, 1911, 1970, and 2025 – and the Vodacom Cup a joint-record five times.
Naglfar
In Norse mythology, Naglfar or Naglfari (Old Norse "nail farer") is a boat made entirely from the fingernails and toenails of the dead. During the events of Ragnarök, Naglfar is foretold to sail to Vígríðr, ferrying hordes of monsters that will do battle with the gods. Naglfar is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, also composed in the 13th century. The boat itself has been connected by scholars with a larger pattern of ritual hair and nail disposal among Indo-Europeans, stemming from Proto-Indo-European custom, and it may be depicted on the Tullstorp Runestone in Scania, Sweden.

Vígríðr
In Norse mythology, Vígríðr or Óskópnir is a large field foretold to host a battle between the forces of the gods and the forces of Surtr as part of the events of Ragnarök. The field is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material, and in the Prose Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. The Poetic Edda briefly mentions the field as where the two forces will battle, whereas the Prose Edda features a fuller account, foretelling that it is the location of the future death of several deities (and their enemies) before the world is engulfed in flames and reborn.
United States men's national under-23 volleyball team
The United States men's national under-23 volleyball team represents the United States in international men's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 23 and it is ruled by the USA Volleyball USAV body That is an affiliate of the International Volleyball Federation FIVB and also a part of the North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation NORCECA.

USA Volleyball
USA Volleyball (USAV) is a non-profit organization which is recognized as the national governing body of volleyball in the United States by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC). It is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and was founded by the YMCA of the USA. The organization is responsible for selecting and supporting US national teams that compete in FIVB-sanctioned international volleyball and beach volleyball competitions such as the Olympic Summer Games. USA Volleyball is also charged with fostering the development of the sport of volleyball within the United States through involvement with its forty Regional Volleyball Associations (RVAs).

USA Volleyball was previously known as United States Volleyball Association (USVBA).
David P. Silverman
David P. Silverman is an American archaeologist and Egyptologist.  He received an undergraduate degree from Rutgers University where he majored in art history. He later studied Egyptology as a graduate student at the University of Chicago where he received his PhD. Shortly after, he took a position at the international Treasures of Tutankhamun exhibit which originally ran from 1977 to 1982, and continued to work as curator on subsequent exhibits. Following this, he continued working at a variety of institutions including the Field Museum in Chicago. Since 1996, he has been Eckley Brinton Coxe, Jr. Professor of Egyptology at the University of Pennsylvania and head curator of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology's Egyptian section. Alongside this, he currently teaches an online course through Coursera called Introduction to Ancient Egypt and Its Civilization. Some of his archaeological work has included excavations at Bersheh and Saqqara  .

Penn Museum
The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, branded as Penn Museum, is a museum at the University of Pennsylvania. It is located on Penn's campus in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, at the intersection of 33rd and South Streets. Housing over 1.3 million artifacts, the museum features one of the most comprehensive collections of Middle and Near-Eastern art in the world.
Elliptio spinosa
Elliptio spinosa, the Altamaha spinymussel, is an endangered species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. They live in southeastern Georgia in the Altamaha river and its tributaries. It is one of three species of North American spinymussels which are recognizable by their prominent spines. The Altamaha spinymussel genetically diverged from the other spinymussels 3.76 million years ago. This suggests that their spines evolved separately from the spines of other North American spinymussels. The Altamaha spinymussel is on the Endangered Species Act because of many threats with the most prominent threats being habitat loss, decrease in water quality, shrinking range, small population size, and vulnerability to disturbances.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
King Long
King Long United Automotive Industry Co., Ltd (Chinese: 厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司) or commonly known as King Long (simplified Chinese: 金龙; traditional Chinese: 金龍; pinyin: Jīnlóng, literally, Golden Dragon) is a Chinese bus manufacturer headquartered in Xiamen, Fujian. Founded in December 1988, it is focused mainly on developing, manufacturing and selling large-and-medium-sized coaches and light vans. In 2024, King Long ranked no.113 on World Brand Lab's "China's 500 Most Influential Brands" list.

ZF Friedrichshafen
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, originally Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (lit. 'Friedrichshafen Gear Factory'), and commonly abbreviated to ZF, is a German technology manufacturing company that supplies systems for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and industrial technology. It is headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south-west German state of Baden-Württemberg. Specializing in engineering, it is primarily known for its design, research and development, and manufacturing activities in the automotive industry and is one of the largest automotive suppliers in the world.

Its products include driveline and chassis technology for cars and commercial vehicles, along with specialized plant equipment such as construction equipment. It is also involved in the rail, marine, defense and aviation industries, as well as general industrial applications. ZF has 162 production locations in 31 countries with approximately 156,000 (2025) employees.
Clatterford End, Stanford Rivers
Clatterford End is hamlet in the civil parish of Stanford Rivers, and in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. The hamlet is situated between the parish villages of Toot Hill and Stanford Rivers. It should not be confused with Clatterford End, Fyfield or Clatterford End, High Easter.

Greensted
Greensted is a small village in the civil parish of Ongar, in the Epping Forest District of Essex, England. It was formerly a separate civil parish, but was merged into Ongar in 1965. It remains an ecclesiastical parish under the name Greensted-juxta-Ongar. The small settlement of Greensted itself is on Greensted Road, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the west of Chipping Ongar; a little further west is Greensted Green. Greensted Church is reputedly one of the oldest surviving wooden churches in the world, dating back to Saxon times.
Jawan Mohammed Qatna
Jawan Mohammed Qatna was a Syrian Kurdish photographer, journalist and activist who was murdered on 26 March 2012. He died aged 22, and was later buried in his birthplace of Tel Kadish. Qatna was known for reporting on and taking pictures of Kurdish rallies and demonstrations in Eastern Syria, providing numerous media organisations with these photographs. The identities of the four men who perpetrated this murder are still up for contention. When Qatna's body was discovered, it was stated that he "bore signs of torture".

2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border
The 2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border is about two European-Algerian freelance journalists, Naseem Intriri and Walid Bledi, who were making a documentary about refugees and the Syrian civil war when they were killed during an attack on the Syrian border town of Darkush, Idlib Governorate, near the Turkish border. The Ba'athist Syrian government called them "infiltrators."
Luray Caverns Airport
Luray Caverns Airport (ICAO: KLUA, FAA LID: LUA, formerly W45) is a public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) west of the central business district of Luray, a town in Page County, Virginia, United States. The airport is owned by the Town of Luray and Page County, through the joint Luray-Page County Airport Authority. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned LUA by the FAA, but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned LUA to Tenzing-Hillary Airport in Lukla, Nepal).

Page County, Virginia
Page County is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,709. Its county seat is Luray.  Page County was formed in 1831 from Shenandoah and Rockingham counties and was named for John Page, Governor of Virginia from 1802 to 1805.
Arthur LeBlanc
Arthur Joseph LeBlanc ONS KC (born 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and judge who was the 33rd lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia from 2017 to 2024. He was appointed as the Chancellor of Université Sainte-Anne in September 2025.

Order of Nova Scotia
The Order of Nova Scotia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The order was instituted through the Order of Nova Scotia Act on 1 June 2001, with the first appointments beginning in 2002. The order is intended to honour current or former Nova Scotia residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement, thus being described as the highest honour amongst all those conferred by the Nova Scotia Crown. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order, and is responsible for inducting new members.
Broparestrol
Broparestrol (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name) (brand names Acnestrol, Longestrol; former developmental code name LN-107), also known as α-bromo-α,β-diphenyl-β-p-ethylphenylethylene (BDPE), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group that has been used in Europe as a dermatological agent and for the treatment of breast cancer. The drug is described as slightly estrogenic and potently antiestrogenic, and inhibits mammary gland development and suppresses prolactin levels in animals. It is structurally related to clomifene and diethylstilbestrol. Broparestrol is a mixture of E- and Z- isomers (LN-1643 and LN-2299, respectively), both of which are active, and are similarly antiestrogenic but, unlike broparestrol, were never marketed.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on estrogen receptors (ERs). Compared to pure ER agonists–antagonists (e.g., full agonists and silent antagonists), SERMs are more tissue-specific, allowing them to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.