hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served two consecutive terms as the 14th President of the Philippines. Her presidency began on January 20, 2001, following the Second EDSA Revolution, and continued until 2010. She completed her first term from 2001 to 2004. In the 2004 Philippine presidential election, Arroyo ran as the incumbent and defeated her main opponent, Fernando Poe Jr. She was inaugurated for her second term on June 30, 2004.

Legislative districts of Pampanga
The legislative districts of Pampanga are the representations of the province of Pampanga and the highly urbanized city of Angeles in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. At present, the province and the city are represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines by its four congressional districts.
St John's Church, Woking
St John's Church is located in St John's, Woking, England. The church is in the parish of St John's, Diocese of Guildford, which in turn is in the Province of Canterbury. The local village is named after the church.

Diocese of Guildford
The Diocese of Guildford is a Church of England diocese covering eight and half of the eleven districts in Surrey, much of north-east Hampshire and a parish in Greater London. The cathedral is Guildford Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Guildford. Of the two provinces of the church, it is in the Province of Canterbury.
Retroduodenal arteries
The retroduodenal arteries are several small arteries which usually arise from the gastroduodenal artery posterior to the superior part of duodenum, but may also arise from the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. They are distributed to the superior part (I) and proximal portion of the descending part (II) of duodenum, as well as the bile duct. The arteries pass anterior to the retroduodenal segmant of the bile duct.

Gastroduodenal artery
In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum. It also indirectly supplies the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries).
Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast
Dmitrovsky District (Russian: Дми́тровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Tver Oblast in the northwest, Klinsky District in the west, Solnechnogorsky District in the southwest, Taldomsky District in the north, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in the east, Pushkinsky District in the southeast, and with Mytishchinsky District in the south. The area of the district is 2,182.02 square kilometers (842.48 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Dmitrov. Population: 151,448 (2010 Census); 149,793 (2002 Census); 92,080 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Dmitrov accounts for 40.5% of the district's total population.

Sergiyevo-Posadsky District
Sergiyevo-Posadsky District (Russian: Се́ргиево-Поса́дский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,997.14 square kilometers (771.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Sergiyev Posad. Population: 225,693 (2010 Census);  230,481 (2002 Census); 123,404 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sergiyev Posad accounts for 49.3% of the district's total population.
Nathaniel Richardson House
The Nathaniel Richardson House was a historic house on Kelly Road in Middlebury, Connecticut.  With an estimated construction date of 1800, it was one of the community's oldest houses.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.  It appears to have either been demolished or moved; it is no longer standing at its listed location.

Middlebury, Connecticut
Middlebury is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 7,574 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region. It is a suburb of the nearby city of Waterbury to its south, and is on the northern fringe of the New York metropolitan area.
Robert Strong Woodward House and Studio
The Robert Strong Woodward House and Studio is a historic property at 43 Upper Street in Buckland, Massachusetts.  Built about 1850, it was the home and studio of prominent New England landscape artist Robert Strong Woodward from 1936 until his death in 1957.  The property has been maintained virtually intact except for maintenance and minor alterations since his death.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Buckland, Massachusetts
Buckland is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 1,816 at the 2020 census. The town shares the village of Shelburne Falls with neighboring Shelburne.  The town center at Shelburne Falls is the western end of the Bridge of Flowers, a local tourist attraction.

Buckland is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2007 ASTRA Awards
The 5th Annual ASTRA Awards were presented on Monday 23 April 2007 at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney.

Four new awards was added to the Marketing and Promotions category this year:

Most Outstanding Creative Campaign

Most Creative Off-air Promotion (For a Program, Series or Event)

Most Outstanding Program Promotion Campaign

Most Creative Use of Technology for a Consumer Application

Performers at the awards included Australian acts, Evermore, Sneaky Sound System, and Juke Kartel.

ASTRA Awards
The ASTRA Awards were the annual awards for the Australian subscription television industry. According to the Australian Subscription Television and Radio Association (ASTRA), the awards "recognise the wealth of talent that drives the Australian subscription television industry and highlight the creativity, commitment and investment in production and broadcasting."

The ASTRA Awards were instituted in 2003, but were discontinued after November 2015, when ASTRA announced the awards would be folded into the annual AACTA Awards.
Avenue I station
The Avenue I station is a local station on the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Avenue I and McDonald Avenue in Midwood, Brooklyn, it is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction.

Midwood, Brooklyn
Midwood is a neighborhood in the south-central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded on the north by the Bay Ridge Branch tracks just above Avenue I and by the Brooklyn College campus of the City University of New York, and on the south by Avenue P and Kings Highway. The eastern border consists of parts of Nostrand Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and Coney Island Avenue; parts of McDonald Avenue and Ocean Parkway mark the western boundary.

Midwood is part of Brooklyn Community District 14, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11210 and 11230. It is patrolled by the 70th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Midwood is represented by the New York City Council's 44th, 45th, and 48th districts.
Kevin H. Smith
Kevin H. Smith (born on (1977-07-28)July 28, 1977) is an American politician who was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2022 United States Senate election in New Hampshire. Smith is a former state representative and previously served as the town manager of Londonderry, New Hampshire. Smith previously ran the conservative advocacy organization Cornerstone, and served on the staffs of United States Senator Bob Smith, and former New Hampshire Governor Craig Benson. Smith also served as the Deputy Director for New Hampshire’s Division for Juvenile Justice.

New Hampshire Department of Health & Human Services
The New Hampshire Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) is a state agency of the U.S. state of New Hampshire, headquartered in Concord. Providing services in the areas of mental health, developmental disability, substance abuse, and public health, it is the largest agency operated by the state.
Chrysomya putoria
Chrysomya putoria, also known as the tropical African latrine blowfly, is a fly species belonging to the blowfly family, Calliphoridae. C. putoria is native to Africa and has recently spread to the Americas. These flies pose significant health risks, especially due to their close association with human settlements. Adult flies can carry pathogens, while larvae may cause myiasis by growing and feeding on the flesh of domestic animals and humans. Other myiasis-causing flies in the same genus are C. bezziana and C. megacephala. C. putoria and other flies that feed on decomposing tissue are used as important tools in forensic entomology to establish the post-mortem interval, or the time elapsed since death.

Calliphoridae
The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. The family is known to be polyphyletic, but much remains disputed regarding proper treatment of the constituent taxa, some of which are occasionally accorded family status (e.g., Bengaliidae and Helicoboscidae).
Lesedi La Rona
Lesedi La Rona, formerly known in media as Karowe AK6 or as Quad 1 by the personnel at the mine, is the fifth-largest diamond ever found, and the third-largest of gem quality. It was found in the Karowe mine, (formerly called AK6) in Botswana on 16 November 2015.

British jeweller Graff bought the rough diamond for $53 million in 2017. By April 2019, Graff had cut it into one large emerald cut diamond, the Graff Lesedi La Rona, weighing 60.5 grams; 2.1 ounces; 1.9 troy ounces (302.37 carats) and 66 smaller stones.

Diamond color
A chemically pure and structurally perfect diamond is perfectly transparent with no hue, or color. However, in reality almost no gem-sized natural diamonds are absolutely perfect. The color of a diamond may be affected by chemical impurities and/or structural defects in the crystal lattice. Depending on the hue and intensity of a diamond's coloration, a diamond's color can either detract from or enhance its value. For example, most colorless (white) diamonds are discounted in price when more yellow hue is detectable, while intense pink diamonds or blue diamonds (such as the Hope Diamond) can be dramatically more valuable. Of all colored diamonds, red diamonds are the rarest. The Aurora Pyramid of Hope displays a spectacular array of naturally colored diamonds, including red diamonds.
NGC 1714
NGC 1714 is an emission nebula in the constellation of Dorado. It is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud and was discovered by John Herschel on 2 November 1834. A study investigating the chemical composition of HII regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud was conducted in it, finding a larger deuterium density than previously thought, leading to (with current knowledge) larger than accepted age of the universe. Candidates for planetary nebula have also been found in the vicinity of NGC 1714.

Dorado
Dorado (US: /dəˈreɪdoʊ/, also UK: /-ˈrɑːdoʊ/) is a constellation in the Southern Sky. It was named in the late 16th century and is now one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name refers to the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which is known as dorado ("golden") in Spanish, although it has also been depicted as a swordfish. Dorado contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud, the remainder being in the constellation Mensa. The South Ecliptic pole also lies within this constellation.

Even though the name Dorado is not Latin but Spanish, astronomers give it the Latin genitive form Doradus when naming its stars; it is treated (like the adjacent asterism Argo Navis) as a feminine proper name of Greek origin ending in -ō (like Io or Callisto or Argo), which have a genitive ending -ūs.
Skobalj (Smederevo)
Skobalj is a village in the municipality of Smederevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1880 people.

Skobalj, being very small village, is mostly known as a birthplace of Dafina Milanović, founder of Dafiment Bank, who committed one of the largest Ponzi scheme monetary fraud in former Yugoslavia.

Smederevo
Smederevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Смедерево, pronounced [smêdereʋo] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Podunavlje District in eastern Serbia. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube, about 45 kilometres (28 miles) downstream of the Serbian capital, Belgrade.

According to the 2022 census, the city has a population of 59,261, with 97,930 people living in its administrative area.

Its history starts in the 1st century BC, after the conquest of the Roman Empire, when there existed a settlement by the name of Vinceia. The modern city traces its roots back to the Late Middle Ages when it was the capital (1430–39, and 1444–59) of the last independent Serbian state before Ottoman conquest.

Smederevo is said to be the city of iron (гвожђе / gvožđe) and grapes (грожђе / grožđe).
Slovak orthography
The first Slovak orthography was proposed and created by the Slovak Catholic priest Anton Bernolák (1762–1813) in his Dissertatio philologico-critica de litteris Slavorum, used in the six-volume Slovak-Czech-Latin-German-Hungarian Dictionary (1825–1927) and used primarily by Slovak Catholics.

The standard orthography of the Slovak language is immediately based on the standard developed by Ľudovít Štúr in 1844 and reformed by Martin Hattala in 1851 with the agreement of Štúr. The then-current (1840s) form of the central Slovak dialect was chosen as the standard. After Hattala's reform, the standardized orthography remained mostly unchanged.

Palatal consonant
Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex. Palatal sounds are occasionally called domal or cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though usually those terms are restricted to retroflex consonants (apico-domal or apico-palatal), with 'palatal' restricted to laminal consonants (lamino-domal or lamino-palatal).

The term 'palatal' is commonly used more loosely for laminal or palatalized post-alveolar sounds, if there are no true palatals that contrast with them. This is especially the case with the IPA letters ⟨ɲ⟩ and ⟨ʎ⟩, which would often be more accurately transcribed as ⟨n̠ʲ⟩ and ⟨l̠ʲ⟩.
2023 HBCU Legacy Bowl
The 2023 HBCU Legacy Bowl was a post-season college football all-star game played on February 25, 2023, at Yulman Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the second edition of the HBCU Legacy Bowl and was the last of the all-star games that concluded the 2022–23 bowl games.

The bowl's teams are named after Jake Gaither, coach of the Florida A&M Rattlers from 1945 to 1973, and Eddie Robinson, coach of the Grambling State Tigers from 1941 to 1997.

Each team was led by co-head coaches: Chennis Berry of Benedict College and Eric Dooley of Southern University for Team Robinson, and Richard Hayes Jr. of Fayetteville State University and Trei Oliver of North Carolina Central University for Team Gaither.

On October 13, 2022, Mark Evans II, an offensive lineman for the Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team, was announced as the first player selected to the game.

2022–23 NCAA football bowl games
The 2022–23 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football games played to complete the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive games began in mid-December and concluded with the 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 9, 2023, which was won by the Georgia Bulldogs. The all-star portion of the schedule began on January 14 and concluded on February 25, 2023.
Colombia in popular culture
The depiction of Colombia in popular culture, especially the portrayal of Colombian people in film and fiction, has been asserted by Colombian organizations and government to be largely negative and has raised concerns that it reinforces, or even engenders, societal prejudice and discrimination due to association with narco-trafficking and other criminal elements, terrorism, illegal immigration, and poverty.

The Colombian government-funded Colombia is Passion advertisement campaign is an attempt to improve Colombia's image abroad, with mixed results, hoping to promote more positive views of Colombia. Aside from the Colombia is Passion campaign, association football has been a major part in creating positive views of the country.

Contract killing
Contract killing, sometimes known as murder-for-hire, is a form of murder or assassination in which one party employs another party to extrajudicially kill a targeted person or people via an illegal agreement that involves some form of compensation, monetary or otherwise. An act of contract killing is also known colloquially as a hit, and the person performing the killing (i.e. the contract killer or "contractor") is known as the hitman or (as borrowed from Spanish) sicario.

Organized crime gangs and syndicates sometimes employ dedicated members or associates as contractors (each known as an enforcer) to perform targeted assassination, lynching, maiming or other acts of violence, typically for purposes such as turf war, feud, extortion or as a form of political violence to terrorize dissidents or to demoralize other groups.
Halden District Court
Halden District Court (Norwegian: Halden tingrett) was a district court in southeastern Østfold county, Norway. The court was based in Halden. The court existed until 2021. It had jurisdiction over Aremark Municipality and Halden Municipality. Cases from this court could be appealed to Borgarting Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Skjeberg
Skjeberg is a district of Sarpsborg, Østfold County, Norway. Skjeberg was formerly a municipality in Østfold County. The last administrative centre was at Borgenhaugen. As of 2018, Skjeberg has a population of 1,397.

The parish of Skjeberg was established as a municipality on January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The property, Hagelund, with 8 inhabitants was moved to the Halden municipality on January 1, 1968. The rural municipality of Skjeberg was (together with Tune and Varteig) merged with the city of Sarpsborg January 1, 1992. Prior to the merger, Skjeberg had a population of 14,295.
They Can't Take That Away
"They Can't Take That Away" is a single by New Zealand Idol season one winner Benjamin Lummis, released in 2004. It went to number one in its first week, where it remained for seven weeks. It was the only single released for Lummis' debut album, One Road.

"They Can't Take That Away" was commercially successful, becoming 2004's number-one single in New Zealand, breaking records by selling nearly 12,000 copies in a week. It held this record for eight years until it was overtaken by Flight of the Conchords' 2012 charity single "Feel Inside (And Stuff Like That)".

"They Can't Take That Away" spent 14 weeks on the charts peaking at number 1, and was number 1 in the top 50 singles of 2004.

New Zealand Idol
New Zealand Idol, also known as NZ Idol, is the New Zealand version of the Idol series which originated in the United Kingdom as Pop Idol. New Zealand first saw the Idol format when TV2 aired American Idol 2, which garnered impressive ratings. After Australian Idol also received good ratings in New Zealand, TVNZ decided to order the first season of NZ Idol, which was broadcast on TV2. After the third season in 2006, TVNZ made a decision not to fund or broadcast a fourth season.

NZ Idol was produced by South Pacific Pictures in association with Grundy Television and developed by Fremantle Media.
Jamuria Union
Jamuria Union (Bengali: জামুরিয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union of Ghatail Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh. It is situated 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of Ghatail and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Tangail, the district headquarters.

Tangail
Tangail (Bengali: টাঙ্গাইল, [ʈaŋgail]) is a city of Tangail District in central Bangladesh.  The establishment of the Tangail began with 3269 square kilometres of land requisitioned from Mymensingh. Earlier it was a Mahakuma of Mymensingh district. A significant city in Bangladesh, Tangail lies on the bank of the Louhajang River.
Bartlett's bisection theorem
Bartlett's bisection theorem is an electrical theorem in network analysis attributed to Albert Charles Bartlett.  The theorem shows that any symmetrical two-port network can be transformed into a lattice network.  The theorem often appears in filter theory where the lattice network is sometimes known as a filter X-section following the common filter theory practice of naming sections after alphabetic letters to which they bear a resemblance.

The theorem as originally stated by Bartlett required the two halves of the network to be topologically symmetrical.  The theorem was later extended by Wilhelm Cauer to apply to all networks which were electrically symmetrical.  That is, the physical implementation of the network is not of any relevance.  It is only required that its response in both halves are symmetrical.

Filter design
Filter design is the process of designing a signal processing filter that satisfies a set of requirements, some of which may be conflicting. The purpose is to find a realization of the filter that meets each of the requirements to an acceptable degree.

The filter design process can be described as an optimization problem. Certain parts of the design process can be automated, but an experienced designer may be needed to get a good result.

The design of digital filters is a complex topic. Although filters are easily understood and calculated, the practical challenges of their design and implementation are significant and are the subject of advanced research.
Tax loss harvesting
Tax loss harvesting (TLH) refers to a category of tax-efficient investment strategies that seek to accelerate the realization of capital losses and defer the realization of capital gains.

In its most basic form, it occurs when an investor sells a security that has depreciated in value only for the tax losses. The effectiveness of this approach is dependent of the tax rules in a particular jurisdiction. In the United States CBS News describes tax loss harvesting specifically as "selling an investment at a loss with the intention of ultimately repurchasing the same investment after the IRS's 30 day window on wash sales has expired." This allows investors to lower their tax amount with the use of investment losses.

Capital loss
Capital loss is the difference between a lower selling price and a higher purchase price or cost price of an eligible Capital asset, which typically represents a financial loss for the seller. This is distinct from losses from selling goods below cost, which is typically considered loss in business income.
Ngaatjatjarra dialect
Ngaatjatjarra (also Ngaatjatjara, Ngaadadjarra) is an Australian Aboriginal dialect of the Western Desert language. It is spoken in the Western Desert cultural bloc which covers about 600,000 square kilometres of the central and central-western desert.

It is very similar to its close neighbours Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Pintupi, with which it is highly mutually intelligible.

Most Ngaatjatjarra live in the communities of Warburton, Warakurna, Tjukurla or Kaltukatjara.

Western Desert language
The Western Desert language, or Wati, is a dialect cluster of Australian Aboriginal languages in the Pama–Nyungan family.

The name Wati tends to be used when considering the various varieties to be distinct languages, Western Desert when considering them dialects of a single language, or Wati as Warnman plus the Western Desert cluster.