hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tax lien
A tax lien  is a  lien which is imposed upon a property by law in order to secure the payment of taxes. A tax lien may be imposed for the purpose of collecting delinquent taxes which are owed on real property or personal property, or it may be imposed as a result of a failure to pay income taxes or it may be imposed as a result of a failure to pay other taxes.

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
Lassajavre Hydroelectric Power Station
The Lassajavre Hydroelectric Power Station (Norwegian: Lassajavre kraftverk or Lassajavrre kraftverk) is a hydroelectric power station in Kvænangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The plant utilizes a drop between Lake Abo (Kven: Aapujärvi, Northern Sami: Ábojávri) and Lake Lassa (Kven: Lassojärvi, Northern Sami: Lássájávri). Lake Abo is regulated at a level between 689 meters (2,260 ft) and 669 m (2,195 ft), and Lake Lassa serves as the reservoir for the Småvatna Hydroelectric Power Station. The Lassajavre plant also utilizes water from Lake Mollis (Kven: Mollisjärvi, Northern Sami: Stuora Mollešjavri) and Lake Sarves (Kven: Kolmas Hirvasjärvi, Northern Sami: Sarvvesjávri). The plant came into operation in 1977. It has a Francis turbine and operates at an installed capacity of 7.2 MW, with an average annual production of about 30 GWh. The plant is controlled by Kvænangen Kraftverk AS, with a 48.2% share owned by Troms Kraft.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder
Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder (NSRED) is a combination of a parasomnia and an eating disorder. It is a non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) parasomnia. It is described as being in a specific category within somnambulism or a state of sleepwalking that includes behaviors connected to a person's conscious wishes or wants. Thus many times NSRED is a person's fulfilling of their conscious wants that they suppress; however, this disorder is difficult to distinguish from other similar types of disorders.

Parasomnia
Parasomnias are a category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep. Parasomnias are dissociated sleep states which are partial arousals during the transitions between wakefulness, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, and their combinations.
Daniela Kerck
Daniela Kerck is a German scenic designer and stage director who has worked internationally. She directed and created the stage for Jörg Widmann's opera Babylon that opened the 2022 Internationale Maifestspiele Wiesbaden in 2022, and again for Puccini's Turandot for the 2024 festival. Her staging of the world premiere of Søren Nils Eichberg's Oryx and Crake was nominated for the 2023 International Opera Awards.

Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden
The Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden (Hessian State Theatre Wiesbaden), also known as the Staatstheater Wiesbaden or Theater Wiesbaden, is a German theatre located in Wiesbaden, in the German state of Hesse.  The company produces operas, plays, ballets, musicals and concerts on four stages. It has a resident orchestra, the Hessisches Staatsorchester. The theatre was inaugurated in 1894.

The theatre is the host for the annual festival Internationale Maifestspiele Wiesbaden, established in 1896 after the Bayreuth Festival.
Süd-Thüringen-Bahn
Süd-Thüringen-Bahn GmbH (STB) is a public, non-state-owned railway company founded on 10 December 1999. The shareholders are Erfurter Bahn GmbH (EB) and Hessische Landesbahn GmbH (HLB), each with a 50 percent stake. The company is based at Erfurter Bahn in Erfurt, Thuringia. The operating location and operational management are located in Meiningen, Thuringia.

Süd-Thüringen-Bahn is primarily active in local rail passenger transport (SPNV). It provides transport services on an approximately 370-kilometer network with seven railway lines on seven railway lines in the south of the Free State of Thuringia and between Meiningen and Erfurt. The blue band in the logo symbolizes the course of the Werra and thus the main area of operation.

Meiningen station
Meiningen station is a junction of four railways and with its facilities is one of the most important railway stations in southern Thuringia, Germany.

It consists of two once separate stations, the former Prussian station as a through station on the Werra Railway and the Bavarian station as a terminal station on the Schweinfurt–Meiningen line.
2012 Cincinnati Reds season
The 2012 Cincinnati Reds season was the 143rd season for the franchise in Major League Baseball, and their tenth at Great American Ball Park. The Reds improved on their record of 79–83 in 2011 and became the first team to clinch a playoff berth in 2012 by defeating the Cubs 5–3 on September 20.  They clinched the National League Central with a 6–0 victory over the Dodgers on September 22. Their final record was 97–65 and they subsequently lost in five games to the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS.

As of 2025, this represents the last playoff game win and division title for the Reds.

Great American Ball Park
Great American Ball Park is a baseball stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is the ballpark of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds, and opened on March 31, 2003, replacing Cinergy Field (formerly Riverfront Stadium), the Reds' former ballpark  from 1970 to 2002. Great American Insurance bought the naming rights to the new stadium at US$75 million for 30 years.
Aquaculture in Palau
Aquaculture in Palau is not well-developed commercially, contributing little to the country's economy. The Palau government has recognized that a great potential for aquacultural pursuits in the area, and released an Aquaculture and Fisheries Action Plan in June 2008 in order to suggest how this potential might be realized. Belau Aquaculture is the only company in the region cultivating ornamental sponges.

Economy of Palau
The economy of Palau consists primarily of tourism, fishing and subsistence agriculture. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the United States. The population enjoys a per capita income of more than twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-term prospects for the tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific and the rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries.

Palau's per capita GDP of $17,000 makes it one of the wealthier Pacific Island states. Nominal GDP increased by an annual average of nearly 14% from 1983 to 1990, and by an annual rate of over 10% from 1991 to 1997. Growth turned sharply negative in 1998 and 1999 as a result of the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Maurya Express
The 15027 / 15028 Maurya Express is an Express train belonging to North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Sambalpur Junction and Gorakhpur Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 15027/15028 train numbers on a daily basis.

Due to the closure of Dhanbad–Chandrapura line, this train was diverted route to Dhanbad–Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Gomoh–Chandrapura line. Now it has been restored on its previous route.

Chandrapura Junction railway station
Chandrapura Junction Railway Station is a railway junction  station at the junction of Gomoh–Barkakana branch line and Chandrapura–Muri branch line mainly a part of Railways in Jharia Coalfield. It is located in Bokaro district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Apo Island
Apo Island /ˈæpoʊ/ is a volcanic island covering 74 hectares in land area, 7 kilometers off the southeastern tip of Negros Island and 30 kilometers south of the Negros Oriental capital of Dumaguete in the Philippines. The name "Apo" means "elder" or "respected ancestor" in the Visayan languages.

The marine habitat around the island is a marine reserve, protected by the National Integrated Protected Area Act (NIPA) and under the jurisdiction of the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). It has become a popular dive site and snorkeling destination with tourists. There are two resorts on Apo Island, each with a dive center: Apo Island Beach Resort and Liberty's Lodge. There is also a ranger station and a lighthouse.

The island is under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Dauin, Negros Oriental, and is one of the municipality's 23 barangays. As of the 2010 census, the island has a population of 918.

Zamboanguita
Zamboanguita (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Zamboanguita; Tagalog: Bayan ng Zamboanguita; Spanish: Municipio de Zamboanguita), officially the Municipality of Zamboanguita,  is a municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 30,412 people.

Zamboanguita was established in 1866. Modest compared to the 6th largest city in the Philippines with 98 barangays, Zamboanguita has only 10 barangays.
Jorge Du Peixe
Jorge Du Peixe (January 8, 1967), stage name Jorge José Carneiro de Lira, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter.

The musician lived his childhood and part of his adolescence in the neighborhood of Caxangá, in Recife. Then he moved to Salvador, Bahia due to his father's work, living in the capital of Bahia for two years. Upon returning to Recife, he went to live in the Rio Doce neighborhood, which is located in Olinda in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, where he met and became friends with Chico Science. A friendship that was fueled by their interest in urban music culture. Where they came to create the Manguebeat movement, a musical genre that takes influences from Rock, Hip hop and Funk that emerged in the 90s.

Chico Science
Francisco de Assis França (March 13, 1966 – February 2, 1997), better known as Chico Science, was a Brazilian singer and composer and one of the founders of the manguebeat cultural movement. He died in a car accident in 1997 in Recife, Pernambuco, at the age of 30.
Central Moravian Carpathians
The Central Moravian Carpathians (Czech: Středomoravské Karpaty) are a mountain range within the Czech Republic belonging to the Outer Western Carpathians.

Despite the name, they stand in southern Moravia, east of Brno. In the east, they border on the Slovak-Moravian Carpathians; in the south, they stretch down to the Thaya Valley and the South-Moravian Carpathians. The mountains are mostly forested, planted with beech and spruce trees.

Western Carpathians
The Western Carpathians (Czech: Západní Karpaty) are a mountain range and geomorphological province that forms the western part of the Carpathian Mountains.

The mountain belt stretches from the Low Beskids range of the Eastern Carpathians along the border of Poland with Slovakia toward the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Austrian Weinviertel. In the south the North Hungarian Mountains cover northern Hungary. The area of the Western Carpathians comprises about 70,000 km2. The highest elevation is the Gerlachovský štít (2,655m) situated in the High Tatra Mountains.
Bristol Ten-seater
The Bristol Ten-seater and Bristol Brandon were British single-engine biplane transport aircraft built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company in the early 1920s. Only three were built, two of which were used as civil transports and one of which (the Bristol Brandon) served with the Royal Air Force.

Handley Page Transport
Handley Page Transport Ltd was an airline company founded in 1919, soon after the end of the First World War, by Frederick Handley Page.

The company's first planes were Handley Page Type O/400 bombers modified for passenger use. They flew a London-Paris route. Per a request from the Air Ministry, the Handley Page Type W8 was later used for flights to both Paris and Brussels.

On 31 March 1924 the assets and operations of Handley were merged with three other British airlines to found Imperial Airways. That company remained dormant until reconstituted to take over operations for Miles Aircraft in 1947 as Handley Page (Reading) Ltd.

The world's first in-flight meal was offered by Handley Page Transport.
Dimethyl malonate
Dimethyl malonate is a diester derivative of malonic acid. It is a common reagent for organic synthesis used, for example, as a precursor for barbituric acid. It is also used in the malonic ester synthesis. It can be synthesized from dimethoxymethane and carbon monoxide.

Dimethyl malonate is used extensively in the fragrance industry as a raw material in the synthesis of jasmonates. For example, methyl dihydrojasmonate is synthesized from cyclopentanone, pentanal and dimethyl malonate. Hedione is used in almost all fine fragrances and is found in Christian Dior's Eau Sauvage and "Diorella", Hermes' "Voyage d'Hermes Parfum", Calvin Klein's "CKOne", Chanel's "Chanel No. 19", and Mark Jacob's "Blush", among others. As of 2009, Hedione was Firmenich's top selling compound by volume.

Hebei Chengxin is the world's largest producer of dimethyl malonate by volume and uses a chloroacetic acid/sodium cyanide process developed in the 1940s.

Malonic ester synthesis
The malonic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where diethyl malonate or another ester of malonic acid is alkylated at the carbon alpha (directly adjacent) to both carbonyl groups, and then converted to a substituted acetic acid.

A major drawback of malonic ester synthesis is that the alkylation stage can also produce dialkylated structures. This makes separation of products difficult and yields lower.
Pelagic goby
The pelagic goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus), also known as the bearded goby, is a species of true goby from the family Gobiidae, native to the southeastern Atlantic Ocean.  It is currently the only known member of its genus.

Gobiinae
True gobies were a subfamily, the  Gobiinae, of the goby family Gobiidae, although the 5th edition of the Fishes of the World does not subdivide the Gobiidae into subfamilies. They are found in all oceans and a few rivers and lakes, but most live in warm waters. Altogether, the Gobiinae unite about 1149 described species in 160 genera, and new ones are still being discovered in numbers.
Kang Min-hee
Kang Min-hee (Korean: 강민희; born December 29, 1991) is a South Korean singer and member of the hip hop duo Miss S. She is best known for her collaborations with her Brand New Music label mates, including Verbal Jint and San E. In 2017, she was a contestant on the survival reality show The Unit.

Miss S
Miss S (Hangul: 미스에스; stylized as Miss $) is a South Korean Hip hop duo formed by Brand New Stardom (formerly a joint venture between Stardom Entertainment and Brand New Music). They debuted on November 18, 2008 with the single "Don't Cheat".
Cyphoderris monstrosa
Cyphoderris monstrosa, also known as the great grig, is a species of hump-winged grig in the family Prophalangopsidae. Though the fossil record shows at least 90 extinct species from this family, C. monstrosa is one of only 7 known species alive today.

Prophalangopsidae
The family Prophalangopsidae are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera. They are the only extant members of the superfamily Hagloidea. There is only one extant genus in North America, where they are known as grigs, four genera in Asia, and many extinct genera (see below).

The earliest fossils of the family date to the Early Jurassic around 200 million years ago, and the family exhibited great diversity between the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, with their fossil record after that time being sparse.

The closest living relatives to the Prophalangopsidae are the family Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush-crickets), but the evolutionary split occurred more than 230 million years ago in the Permian.

The female of the species consumes the wings of the male during mating.

Haglidae is often used as a synonym of the family, but is used to refer to a distinct grouping of extinct hagloids by paleontologists.
Sendo X2
The Sendo X2 (codenamed Tobi while in development) was the second Series 60 mobile phone developed by Sendo. When announced, it was the smallest and lightest Series 60 mobile in the marketplace. The Sendo X2 was the first "music mobile" announced; a good six months before Sony Ericsson announced the W800 Walkman phone.

Although the phone was announced and shown at the 3GSM World Congress in Cannes in February 2005, the X2 never made it into production, because Sendo went into administration a matter of weeks before the X2 was due to be released. This led to a few UK based mobile phone magazines publishing reviews of the phone before they knew Sendo was no more.

S60 (software platform)
The S60 Platform, originally named Series 60 User Interface, is a discontinued software platform and graphical user interface for smartphones that runs on top of the Symbian operating system. It was created by Nokia based on the 'Pearl' interface from Symbian Ltd. S60 was introduced at COMDEX in November 2001 and first shipped with the Nokia 7650 smartphone; the original version was followed by three other major releases.

In 2008 after Nokia bought out Symbian Ltd., the Symbian Foundation was formed to consolidate all the assets of different Symbian platforms (S60, UIQ, MOAP), making it open source. In 2009, based on the code base of S60, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of Symbian Foundation was launched as S60 5th Edition, or Symbian^1, on top of Symbian OS 9.4 as its base. Subsequent iterations dropped the S60 brand and were named solely under the Symbian name.
Ironside (cavalry)
The Ironsides were troopers in the Parliamentary cavalry trained by English political and military leader Oliver Cromwell in the 17th century, during the English Civil War. The name came from "Old Ironsides," one of Cromwell's nicknames.  It was after the battle of Marston Moor on 2 July 1644 that Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the commander of the Royalist Army, "first gave the nickname to his enemy of 'Old Ironsides' because his ranks were so impenetrable--the name originated with the man and passed on to his regiment" .

Cromwell first mustered a troop of cavalry (then referred to as "horse") at Huntingdon in Huntingdonshire, on 29 August 1642, early in the Civil War. John Desborough was quartermaster. They were part of the Edgehill formations but it was unclear whether they were involved in the fighting.

Lawrence J. Epstein
Lawrence Jeffrey Epstein (born 1946) is an American author who writes and lectures about American culture and society, Jewish life, and mystery fiction. He is best known for his book The Haunted Smile: The Story of Jewish Comedians in America and his Danny Ryle Mysteries series. He writes intermittently about Bob Dylan and popular culture for The Best American Poetry blog.
Charette family
The Charette family represents a surviving lineage of the French nobility, classified as nobility of extraction. The family's origins are in Brittany.

The group includes mayors, seneschals, and magistrates from Nantes, as well as other magistrates from the Parliament and Chamber of Accounts of Brittany. It also comprises a State Councillor, military officers, the Vendée leader François Athanase Charette de La Contrie, and Hervé de Charette, a minister under the Fifth Republic.

Papal Zouaves
The Papal Zouaves (Italian: Zuavi Pontifici) were an infantry battalion (later regiment) dedicated to defending the Papal States. Named after the French zouave regiments, the Zuavi Pontifici were mainly young men, unmarried and Catholic, who volunteered to assist Pope Pius IX in his struggle against the Italian unificationist Risorgimento.
Bollingstedt
Bollingstedt (Danish: Bollingsted) is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Bollingstedt, situated approximately 30 kilometers south of Schleswig, is a community in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The earliest records of Bollingstedt trace back to the Middle Ages. As of 2022, it has an estimated population of around 900. While it may not boast a history in the film industry like Bendestorf, Bollingstedt is known for its serene natural landscapes and a tranquil village atmosphere, providing a stark contrast to the bustling city life.

Schleswig-Flensburg
Schleswig-Flensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃleːsvɪç ˈflɛnsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Danish: Slesvig-Flensborg) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Dithmarschen and Nordfriesland, the Region Syddanmark in Denmark, the city of Flensburg and the Baltic Sea.
1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment
The 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment (French: 1er Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes, 1er R.C.P) is the oldest and among the most decorated airborne forces regiments of the French Army. Established in the French Army in 1943, and formerly part of the French Air Force since 1937, the chasseur distinguished its Regimental Colors during the campaigns of the Liberation of Paris, the First Indochina War in 1947, 1950, 1953, 1954 and the Algerian War. This elite regiment is part of the 11th Parachute Brigade.

The 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment is the only French parachute regiment that traces its roots to the French Air Force, hence the representation of a golden hawk on the rank insignia and that of uniforms and which originally referred to the 601st Airborne Infantry Group and 602nd Airborne Infantry Group respectively (601e G.I.A, 602e G.I.A).

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
Marcel Malenso Ndodila
Marcel Malenso Ndodila is a Congolese politician. On 5 February 2007, he was appointed as the Minister of Culture and the Arts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, under Antoine Gizenga Government that ran from 25 November 2007 under the leadership of Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga. He is a member of Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP).

Antoine Gizenga
Antoine Gizenga (5 October 1925 – 24 February 2019) was a Congolese politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 30 December 2006 to 10 October 2008. He was the secretary-general of the Unified Lumumbist Party (PALU).