hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Cooper (actor)
John Cooper (1793–1870), was a British actor active between 1811 and 1859, who played in "a singularly large number of parts, some of them of leading importance" in many locations in England, Wales and Scotland.

James Sheridan Knowles
James Sheridan Knowles (12 May 1784 – 30 November 1862) was an Irish dramatist and actor. A relative of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Knowles enjoyed success writing plays for the leading West End theatres. Later in his career he also produced several novels.
Ñancahuazú Guerrilla
The Ñancahuazú Guerrilla or Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Bolivia (National Liberation Army of Bolivia; ELN) was a group of mainly Bolivian and Cuban guerrillas led by the guerrilla leader Che Guevara which was active in the Cordillera Province of Bolivia from 1966 to 1967. The group established its base camp on a farm across the Ñancahuazú River, a seasonal tributary of the Rio Grande, 250 kilometers southwest of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The guerrillas intended to work as a foco, a point of armed resistance to be used as a first step to overthrow the Bolivian government and create a socialist state. The guerrillas defeated several Bolivian patrols before they were beaten and Guevara was captured and executed. Only five guerrillas managed to survive, and fled to Chile.

La Higuera
La Higuera (Spanish for 'The Fig Tree'; pronounced [lajˈɣeɾa]) is a small village in Bolivia located in the Province of Vallegrande, in the Department of Santa Cruz. It is situated in the La Higuera Canton (civil parish) belonging to the Pucará Municipality.
Gerda Boykin
Gerda Boykin (née Schleeh) is Germany's first female professional golfer. She competed full time on the LPGA Tour from 1968 to 1977, where she was runner-up three times and finished 3rd at the 1968 LPGA Championship.

Kathy Whitworth
Kathrynne Ann Whitworth (September 27, 1939 – December 24, 2022) was an American professional golfer. During her playing career she won 88 LPGA Tour tournaments, more than anyone else on the LPGA or PGA Tours. Whitworth was also a runner-up 93 times, giving her 181 top-two finishes. In 1981, she became the first woman to reach career earnings of $1 million on the LPGA Tour. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Orthogonalization
In linear algebra, orthogonalization is the process of finding a set of orthogonal vectors that span a particular subspace.  Formally, starting with a linearly independent set of vectors {v1, ... , vk} in an inner product space (most commonly the Euclidean space Rn), orthogonalization results in a set of orthogonal vectors {u1, ... , uk} that generate the same subspace as the vectors v1, ... , vk.  Every vector in the new set is orthogonal to every other vector in the new set; and the new set and the old set have the same linear span.

In addition, if we want the resulting vectors to all be unit vectors, then we normalize each vector and the procedure is called orthonormalization.

Orthogonalization is also possible with respect to any symmetric bilinear form (not necessarily an inner product, not necessarily over real numbers), but standard algorithms may encounter division by zero in this more general setting.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (Montenegro)
Minister of Labor and Social Welfare (Montenegrin: Ministar rada i socijalnog staranja) is the person in charge of the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare of Montenegro (Ministarstvo rada i socijalnog staranja). In 2020, Ministry merged into the Ministry of Finance and Social Welfare. It was re-established in 2022.

Ministry of Finance (Montenegro)
The Ministry of Finance in the Government of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Ministarstvo finansija u Vladi Crne Gore / Министарство финансија у Влади Црне Горе, MFVCG) is the ministry in the Government of Montenegro which is in charge of the nation's finances. The ministry was established in 1879 as a ministry of the Principality of Montenegro. It was abolished in late 1922, but restored 23 years later, in 1945. Since 2023 the Minister has been Novica Vuković.
Koolwijk, South Holland
Koolwijk (South Holland) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 7 km south of Gouda.

The statistical area "Koolwijk", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 100.

Until 2015, Koolwijk was part of Vlist.

Gouda, South Holland
Gouda (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣʌudaː] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, between Rotterdam and Utrecht, in the  province of South Holland. Gouda has a population of 75,000 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many grachten, smoking pipes, and its 15th-century city hall. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day-trip destination.

In the Middle Ages the Van der Goude family founded a settlement at the location of the current city and built a fortified castle alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took their names. Locals long called the settlement Ter Goude, or Tergou or Tergouw for short.
The area, originally marshland, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a canal was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary became a harbour. In 1272 Floris V, Count of Holland granted the city city rights.
Dungeshwor Rural Municipality
Dungeshwar (Nepali: डुङ्गेश्वर) is a rural municipality located in Dailekh District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the rural municipality is 105.19 square kilometres (40.61 sq mi) and the total population of the rural municipality as of 2011 Nepal census is 15,883 individuals. The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards.

The rural municipality was established on 10 March 2017, when Government of Nepal restricted all old administrative structure and announced 744 local level units (although the number increased to 753 later) as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.

Danda Parajul, Awal Parajul, Belpata and Lakuri Village Development Committees were incorporated to form this new rural municipality. The headquarters of the municipality is situated at Danda Parajul.

Lakuri
Lakuri is a village development committee in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3234 people living in 573 individual households.
2002 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The 2002 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament took place from May 23 through 25, 2002. The top four regular season finishers of the league's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Dutchess Stadium in Wappingers Falls, New York. Marist won their third consecutive (and third overall) tournament championship and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2002 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.  The top six finishers in the regular season participate in the double-elimination tournament, which in 2014 was played at FirstEnergy Park in Lakewood, New Jersey. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.
Stan "The Man" Turrentine
Stan "The Man" Turrentine is the debut album recorded in 1960 by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine originally released on the Time label in 1962, and subsequently re-released on Mainstream as Tiger Tail.

Mainstream Records
Mainstream Records is an American record company and independent record label founded by producer Bob Shad in 1964.

Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, Ted Nugent & the Amboy Dukes first appeared on Mainstream.

In 1978, Mainstream ceased activities. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy Recordings in 1993 and purchased back by the Shad family in the early 2000s. The label is now run by Shad's granddaughter Mia Apatow, with the help of her brother Judd Apatow.
Anna Valesi
Anna Valesi (born 9 June 2002) is an Italian pair skater. With her current partner, Martin Bidař, she is the 2025 Czech National champion. With her former partner, Manuel Piazza, she is the 2024 Italian national bronze medalist and has won seven senior international medals, including silver at the 2022 Bavarian Open.

Tayside Trophy
The Tayside Trophy is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by British Ice Skating at the Dundee Ice Arena in Dundee, Scotland, in the United Kingdom. The competition debuted in 2019. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and pair skating at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
William Goode (colonial administrator)
Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode GCMG KStJ (8 June 1907 – 15 September 1986) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor of Singapore from 1957 to 1959, Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore in 1959, and Governor of North Borneo from 1960 to 1963.

Governor of North Borneo
The Governor of North Borneo was the appointed head of the government of North Borneo.

Originally the Governor was appointed by the North Borneo Chartered Company, which was responsible for the administration of the protectorate.  Upon North Borneo becoming a Crown colony in 1946, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the Governor of British North Borneo became an appointee of the Crown (i.e. of the Government of the United Kingdom).
Tessellis
Tessellis S.p.A. (formerly Tiscali S.p.A.) is an Italian telecommunications company founded in 1998 and based in Cagliari, Sardinia, that provides Internet and telecommunications services in Italy, and, previously had operations in other European nations through its acquisition of many smaller European Internet service providers (ISPs) in the late 1990s.

Since 2022, following the Tiscali-Linkem merger, the company has acquired full control of the retail services previously provided by Linkem (now OpNet), including the brand.

GTT Communications
GTT Communications, Inc. (GTT), formerly Global Telecom and Technology, is a Network as a Service (NaaS) and Security as a Service (SECaaS) provider headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. GTT operates a Tier 1 IP network and provides Internet; wide area networking, SD-WAN; network security, voice and video transport services.
Silent Witness (1943 film)
Silent Witness is a 1943 American crime film directed by Jean Yarbrough and written by Martin Mooney. The film stars Frank Albertson, Maris Wrixon, Bradley Page, Evelyn Brent, Milburn Stone and John Sheehan. The film was released on January 15, 1943, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Billy Schaeffer
William G. Schaeffer (born December 11, 1951) is an American former basketball in the American Basketball Association (ABA) for the New York Nets and Virginia Squires. He also was a member of the Allentown Jets in the Eastern Pennsylvania Basketball League. He played college basketball for the St. John's Red Storm.

1974 ABA playoffs
The 1974 ABA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the American Basketball Association's 1973–74 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion New York Nets defeating the Western Division champion Utah Stars, four games to one in the ABA Finals.
2009 Cavan County Council election
An election to Cavan County Council took place on 5 June 2009 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 25 councillors were elected from four local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

2009 Irish local elections
The 2009 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on Friday, 5 June 2009, on the same day as the European Parliament election and two by-elections (Dublin South and Dublin Central).
Camel's Hump Natural Area
Camel's Hump Natural Area is a protected area in the U.S. state of Vermont. The natural area, wholly contained within Camel's Hump State Park, straddles the ridge of the Green Mountains in Chittenden and Washington counties, in the towns of Duxbury, Huntington, Fayston, Bolton, and Buels Gore. Administered by the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation, Camel's Hump Natural Area is the largest natural area in Vermont.

Buels Gore, Vermont
Buels Gore is a gore in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The population was 29 at the 2020 census, down from 30 in 2010. In Vermont, gores and grants are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).
William T. Parker
William Thomas Parker (August 29, 1928 – January 25, 2014) was an American politician who served in the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia Senate. He was narrowly defeated for reelection in 1987 by lawyer Mark Earley.

Mark Earley
Mark Lawrence Earley (born July 26, 1954) is an American attorney and former politician. A Republican, he was elected to the Virginia State Senate (1988–1997), and then elected Attorney General of Virginia (1998 to 2001). In 2001, he resigned as Attorney General to focus his time on the 2001 campaign for Governor of Virginia. He ran to succeed James Gilmore, but lost to Democrat Mark Warner.
Madhurawada
Madhurawada is a major business and residential area of Visakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located on the Visakhapatnam-Vizianagaram stretch of National Highway 16 around 16 km from the city center of Visakhapatnam.

This region is famous for its Visakhapatnam IT Special Economic Zone, located in the proposed digitally-enabled smart urban city. Among the state Tourism Department's six major projects announced in 2018, planning has begun on a Special Tourism Zone with 250 acres for hotels, an amusement park, and oceanarium.

This suburb consists of many popular tourist sites, such as Pothinamallayya Palem, Chandrampalem, Mithilapuri VUDA colony, Revallapalem, Ganeshnagar, and Port colony.

Pothinamallayya Palem
Pothinamallayya Palem or PM Palem, is a residential neighbourhood situated in Visakhapatnam city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation area.  It is located to the north of Visakhapatnam city on National Highway 16 (NH16)  to Srikakulam. This place is well connected to other parts of the city such as Asilmetta and Maddilapalem. The only international cricket stadium in Andhra Pradesh (Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium) is located here.
Taulant Xhaka
Taulant Ragip Xhaka (born 28 March 1991) is a former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder who is the current manager of FC Dardania Basel. Born in Switzerland, he represented the Albania national team.

2010–11 Swiss Super League
The 2010–11 Swiss Super League was the 114th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. It began on 17 July 2010 and ended on 25 May 2011. The league comprised ten teams.

FC Basel successfully defended their league title, maintaining a one-point edge over runners-up FC Zürich at the end of the season. It was the 14th league title overall for the club.
Saint-Léger-lès-Authie
Saint-Léger-lès-Authie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ leʒe lɛz‿oti], literally Saint-Léger near Authie; Picard: Saint-Njèr-lès-Eutie) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Authie, Somme
Authie (French pronunciation: [oti] ⓘ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

The commune was led by the elected mayor Henri Macron (the great-grandfather of Emmanuel Macron, current President of France), from 1953 to 1964. It was also the birthplace of the trouvère Simon d'Authie.
Center (ring theory)
In algebra, the center of a ring R is the subring consisting of the elements x such that xy = yx for all elements y in R. It is a commutative ring and is denoted as Z(R); 'Z' stands for the German word Zentrum, meaning "center".

If R is a ring, then R is an associative algebra over its center. Conversely, if R is an associative algebra over a commutative subring S, then S is a subring of the center of R, and if S happens to be the center of R, then the algebra R is called a central algebra.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
NGC 7720
NGC 7720 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus. It is located at a distance of about 380 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7720 is about 180,000 light years across. NGC 7720 is the main galaxy of Abell 2634 galaxy cluster and is a radio galaxy. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 10, 1784.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Cost of goods available for sale
Cost of goods available for sale is the maximum amount of goods, or inventory, that a company can possibly sell during an accounting period. It has the formula:

Beginning Inventory (at the start of accounting period) + purchases (within the accounting period) + Production (within the accounting period) = cost of goods available for sale

Notice that purchases and production might not be the same throughout the year, since purchase cost and production cost might vary. But at the end, the total cost of purchases and production are added to beginning inventory cost to give cost of goods available for sale.

Alternatively the costs of goods available for sales can be computed from the costs of sales:

Costs of goods available for sale − Ending Inventory − Inventory write-downs = Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold (COGS) (also cost of products sold (COPS), or cost of sales) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.

Costs are associated with particular goods using one of several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost. Costs include all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs that are incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs of goods made by the businesses include material, labor, and allocated overhead. The costs of those goods which are not yet sold are deferred as costs of inventory until the inventory is sold or written down in value.
38th César Awards
The 38th Annual César Awards ceremony, presented by the French Academy of Cinema Arts and Techniques (Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma), was held on 22 February 2013, at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Jamel Debbouze, with Antoine de Caunes as master of ceremonies. Nominations were announced 25 January 2013. Michael Haneke's film Amour, nominated in ten categories, won in five, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Actress.

César Award for Best Actress
The César Award for Best Actress (French: César de la meilleure actrice) is one of the César Awards, presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a leading role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie.
Prayer of Nabonidus
The Prayer of Nabonidus is a legendary account preserved in Aramaic that describes the punishment and healing of the Babylonian king Nabonidus. In the Prayer of Nabonidus, the recovery from the imposed illness is attributed to the recognition of the God of the Jews as the highest and only God. The text has only been preserved in fragments of a single manuscript, which was found together with numerous other scrolls by Bedouins in 1952 in Cave 4 near Qumran on the Dead Sea. It is now in the possession of the Israel Museum.

Frank Moore Cross
Frank Moore Cross Jr. (July 13, 1921 – October 16, 2012) was the Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University, notable for his work in the interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, his 1973 magnum opus Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, and his work in Northwest Semitic epigraphy. Many of his essays on the latter topic have since been collected in Leaves from an Epigrapher's Notebook.