hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Union Arcade
The Union Arcade is an apartment building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 by its original name Union Savings Bank and Trust. Originally, the building was built to house a bank and other professional offices. Although it was not the city's largest bank, and it was not in existence all that long, the building is still associated with Davenport's financial prosperity between 1900 and 1930. From 2014 to 2015 the building was renovated into apartments and it is now known as Union Arcade Apartments. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District.

Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District
The Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in the central business district of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020. At the time of its nomination it consisted of 43 resources, which included 33 contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and nine non-contributing buildings. In addition, the district also contains 33 buildings that are individually listed on the National Register. This historic district is bordered by four other districts: the Crescent Warehouse Historic District and the Davenport Motor Row and Industrial Historic District on the east, the Hamburg Historic District to the northwest, and the West Third Street Historic District on the west.
Mass in B minor discography
The listing shows recordings of the Mass in B minor, BWV 232, by Johann Sebastian Bach. The selection is taken from the 281 recordings listed on the Bach Cantatas Website as of 2018, beginning with the first recording by a symphony orchestra and choir to match, conducted by Albert Coates. Beginning in the late 1960s, historically informed performances paved the way for recordings with smaller groups, boys choirs and ensembles playing period instruments, and eventually to recordings using the one-voice-on-a-vocal-part scoring first argued for by Joshua Rifkin in 1982.

Joshua Rifkin
Joshua Rifkin (born April 22, 1944) is an American conductor, pianist, and musicologist. He is currently a professor of music at Boston University. As a performer, he has recorded music by composers from Antoine Busnois to Silvestre Revueltas; as a scholar he has published research on composers from the Renaissance to the 20th century.

Rifkin is known among classical musicians for his theory that most of Bach's choral works were sung with only one singer per choral line. Rifkin argued that "so long as we define 'chorus' in the conventional modern sense, then Bach's chorus with few exceptions simply did not exist."

He is best known among the public for helping to revive ragtime in the 1970s by recording three albums of Scott Joplin's works for Nonesuch Records.
Institute of Science and Technology, West Bengal
Institute of Science & Technology (informally IST CK Town, IST CKT or simply IST) is a Private engineering and management oriented institute of higher education located in West Bengal, India. It is an institution recognized by Directorate of Technical Education, West Bengal. It is affiliated with West Bengal University of Technology (Wbut) and West Bengal State Council of Technical and Vocational Education and Skill Development (WBSCT&VE&SD). The institute is also recognised by Government of West Bengal and all its courses are duly approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE).

West Bengal State Council of Technical and Vocational Education and Skill Development
The West Bengal State Council of Technical & Vocational Education and Skill Development(Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ রাজ্য কারিগরি ও বৃত্তিমূলক শিক্ষা এবং দক্ষতা উন্নয়ন পর্ষদ) (Erstwhile West Bengal State Council of Vocational Education and Training)(Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ রাজ্য বৃত্তিমূলক শিক্ষা ও প্রশিক্ষণ সংসদ)  is a statutory body under the Department of Technical Education, Training and Skill Development of Government of West Bengal for administration and examining vocational courses in West Bengal. The courses are offered from various affiliated institutions, including Higher Secondary, Secondary Schools and Polytechnic Colleges across the state. Its headquarters are in Karigori Bhavan in Kolkata.
1961 Turkish constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 9 July 1961. Following the coup d'état the previous year, a new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 62% of voters, with an 81% turnout.

Turkish Constitution of 1961
The Constitution of 1961, officially titled the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), was the fundamental law of Turkey from 1961 to 1982. It was introduced following the 1960 coup d'état, replacing the earlier Constitution of 1924. It was approved in a referendum held on 9 July 1961, with 61.7% of the nation voting in favor. It remained in force until the 1980 coup d'état, following which it was replaced by a new document, the Constitution of 1982, which remains in force today.
Herbie Jones
Herbie Jones (born Herbert Robert Jones) (March 23, 1926, Miami - March 19, 2001, New York City) was an American jazz trumpeter and arranger.

Jones dropped out of college to move to New York, where he joined the Lucky Millinder band. In subsequent years he worked with Andy Kirk, Buddy Johnson, and Cab Calloway, and studied under Eddie Barefield. Jones spent several years as Duke Ellington's first trumpeter in the 1960s, and worked as an arranger and transcriber with Ellington and Billy Strayhorn. Among his arrangements were "El Busto", "Cootie's Caravan", "The Prowling Cat", and "The Opener".

After leaving Ellington, Jones became director of an alternative school in New York, and directed the Police Athletic League's bugle corps. He died as a result of complications from diabetes in March 2001.

Billy Strayhorn
William Thomas Strayhorn (November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American jazz composer, pianist, lyricist, and arranger who collaborated with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington for nearly three decades. His compositions include "Take the 'A' Train", "Chelsea Bridge", "A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing", and "Lush Life".
Avenue U station (IND Culver Line)
The Avenue U station is a local station on the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Avenue U and McDonald Avenue in Gravesend, Brooklyn. It is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Michael Harner
Michael James Harner (April 27, 1929 – February 3, 2018) was an American anthropologist, educator and author.  His 1980 book, The Way of the Shaman: a Guide to Power and Healing, has been foundational in the development and popularization of core shamanism as a New Age path of personal development for adherents of neoshamanism. He also founded the Foundation for Shamanic Studies.

Shuar
The Shuar, also known as Jivaro, are an indigenous ethnic group that inhabits the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazonia. They are famous for their hunting skills and their tradition of head shrinking, known as tsantsa or tzantza.

The Shuar language belongs to the Jivaroan linguistic family and is spoken by over 50,000 people in the region. The Shuar are known for their skill in warfare, both in defending their territories and in offensive actions against external enemies. Currently, many Shuar live in communities organized around agriculture and hunting, although there are also some who work in mining and the timber industry.
Johan Bull
Johan Bull (November 22, 1893 – September 12, 1945) was an American painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Bull was born in Oslo, Norway, the son of Ole Bull and Kaja Steenberg Bull of Stange, Norway. He was the grandnephew of the violinist Ole Bull. Bull emigrated to the United States in 1925. He worked on the staff of The New Yorker. He and his wife, Sonja Geelmuyden Bull (1898–1991), settled at Stowe, Vermont in 1941, where Bull operated a girls' school together with Countess Susie Sparre. He died at his summer home in Stowe, Vermont in 1945.

Ole Bull
Ole Bornemann Bull (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈù:lə ˈbʉlː]; 5 February 1810 – 17 August 1880) was a Norwegian virtuoso violinist and composer. According to Robert Schumann, he was on a level with Niccolò Paganini for the speed and clarity of his playing.
Colton Plaza
Nikke Colton Plaza is a shopping mall in Moto-Yawata, Ichikawa city, Chiba prefecture, Japan. In addition to shops, the mall has a tennis court, movie theatres, a park, and a fountain.

The Ichikawa Citizen's Library and Chiba Museum of Science and Industry are near Nikke Colton Plaza.

Ichikawa, Chiba
Ichikawa (市川市, Ichikawa-shi; pronounced [itɕiꜜkaɰa, itɕi̥kaꜜɰa, itɕi̥kaɰaꜜɕi]) is a city in western Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 492,749 in 256,229 households and a population density of 8577 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 57.45 square kilometres (22.18 sq mi).  The city has good transportation connections to the center of Tokyo, as with many areas of Chiba Prefecture. Major rail routes and roads pass through the city.
Sarrud-e Shomali Rural District
Sarrud-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان سررود شمالي) is in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Gusheh-ye Shahzadeh Qasem. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Madavan-e Olya, which had been elevated to city status as Madavan and later merged with the city of Yasuj.

Yasuj
Yasuj (Persian: ياسوج; [jɒːˈsuːdʒ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

Yasuj is an industrial city in the Zagros Mountains of southwestern Iran. The term Yasuj is also used to refer to the entire region.

Yasuj has a sugar processing plant.
The Battle of Hohenlinden
The Battle of Hohenlinden (French: Bataille de Hohenlinden) is an 1836 history painting by the French artist Henri Frédéric Schopin. It depicts the Battle of Hohenlinden fought on 3 December 1800 near Munich during the French Revolutionary Wars, where Jean Victor Marie Moreau led the Army of the Rhine of the French Republic to victory over the combined armies of Austria and Bavaria. Moreau is in the centre of the composition which also features Emmanuel de Grouchy, Michel Ney and Antoine Richepance.

During the July Monarchy of the 1830s, Louis Philippe I oversaw the restoration of the Palace of Versailles as a history museum. A large number of works were commissioned from leading artists for the reopened palace. Schopin was paid an initial 10,000 Francs in 1835 and a further 2,000 Francs the following year. The painting was exhibited at the Salon of 1836 at the Louvre in Paris. It today hangs in the Galerie des Batailles at Versailles.

Galerie des Batailles
The Galerie des Batailles (French: [ɡalʁi de bataj]; English: "Gallery of Battles") is a gallery occupying the first floor of the Aile du Midi of the Palace of Versailles, joining onto the grand and petit appartement de la reine. 120 m (390 ft) long and 13 m (43 ft) wide, it is an epigone of the Grande Galerie of the Louvre and was intended to glorify French military history from the Battle of Tolbiac (traditionally dated 496) to the Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809).
Microphotography (literature)
Microphotography is a writing style that emerged in the early 1990s in science journalism. The style is named after micrographs and is distinctive for its highly detailed, worm's eye or microscopic view of the macroscopic world.

One of the flagship works in this style was David Bodanis's commercially prominent The Secret House: 24 hours in the strange & wonderful world in which we spend our nights and days. This book followed daily life in a typical enclosed human habitat in minute detail, featuring detailed physical and biological explanations.

Science journalism
Science journalism conveys reporting about science to the public. The field typically involves interactions between scientists, journalists and the public. There are many different examples of science writing. A few examples include feature writing, risk communication, blogs, science books, scientific journals, science podcasts and science magazines.
1982 WDF Europe Cup
The 1982 WDF Europe Cup was the 3rd edition of the WDF Europe Cup darts tournament, organised by the World Darts Federation. It was held at the Cliffs Pavilion in Westcliff-on-Sea, Southend, England from October 15 to 16.

Westcliff-on-Sea
Westcliff-on-Sea (previously known as Milton, often abbreviated to Westcliff, and in the past spelt as Westcliffe-on-Sea) is a suburb of the city of Southend-on-Sea, located within the ceremonial county of Essex, England. It is on the north shore of the lower Thames Estuary, about 37 miles (55 km) east of London. The Westcliff-on-Sea area is described by Southend-on-Sea City Council as having a border in the east with Milton Road, Hamlet Court Road and Gainsborough Drive; Prittlewell Chase to the North and Valkyrie Road/ London Road/ Southbourne Grove in the west. Traditionally Westcliff included Chalkwell.
E. J. Block Athletic Field
E.J. Block Athletic Field is a stadium in East Chicago, Indiana that opened in 1942. It is primarily used for amateur and professional baseball, and is the home field of the Calumet College of St. Joseph's Crimson Wave Baseball team which play in the CCAC. It is also the home park of the East Chicago Central High School baseball team and the East Chicago Post 369 American Legion summer baseball team.

East Chicago, Indiana
East Chicago is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 26,370 at the 2020 census. Centered around heavy industry, the city is home to the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, an artificial freshwater harbor characterized by industrial and manufacturing activity.

Situated along Lake Michigan, East Chicago is about 18 miles (29 km) from downtown Chicago and is just west of Gary, Indiana.
Shepherds Arise
Shepherds Arise! Be Not Afraid, often known simply as Shepherds Arise, is a Christmas carol first recorded in a 19th-century manuscript from the parish of Winterborne Zelston, Dorset, England. It has Roud number 1207.

Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
Morane-Saulnier MS.341
The Morane-Saulnier MS.341 was a single engine parasol wing training and touring aircraft built in France in the mid-1930s.  It had two open cockpits in tandem and was sold to private owners, clubs and the Armée de l'Air.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
Jerusalem Biblical Zoo
The Tisch Family Biblical Zoo in Jerusalem (Hebrew: גן החיות התנ"כי בירושלים על שם משפחת טיש, Arabic: حديقة الحيوان الكتابية في أورشليم القدس), popularly known as the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, is a zoo located in the Malha neighborhood of Jerusalem. It is famous for its Afro-Asiatic collection of wildlife, many of which are described in the Hebrew Bible, as well as for its success in breeding endangered species. According to Dun and Bradstreet, the Biblical Zoo was the most popular tourist attraction in Israel from 2005 to 2007, and logged a record 738,000 visitors in 2009. The zoo had about 55,000 members in 2009.

Syrian brown bear
The Syrian brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus, formally Ursus arctos arctos ) is a medium-sized and endangered subspecies of brown bear native to the Middle East and West-Central Asia, particularly around the Caucasus Mountains.
MaxValu
MaxValue (マックスバリュ) is a Japanese supermarket chain owned by the Aeon Group. It is operated by multiple regional subsidiaries in Japan and abroad. Maxvalue Tokai Co., Ltd. (マックスバリュ東海株式会社, Makkusubaryu Tōkai Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 8198) was formerly known as Yaohan until 2000, when it was renamed following bankruptcy and acquisition by Aeon.

Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), abbreviated as Tosho (東証) or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan.

The exchange is owned by Japan Exchange Group (JPX), a holding company that it also lists (TYO: 8697), and operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of JPX. JPX was formed from the merger of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc. with Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (now Osaka Exchange, Inc.); the merger process began in July 2012, when said merger was approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission. JPX itself was launched on January 1, 2013.
Nowe Łącko
Nowe Łącko [ˈnɔvɛ ˈwɔnt͡skɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Postomino, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Postomino, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Sławno, and 179 km (111 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Postomino
Postomino (Polish pronunciation: [pɔstɔˈminɔ]; German: Pustamin) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Postomino. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Sławno and 184 km (114 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 625.
2020 PEI Tankard
The 2020 PEI Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship for Prince Edward Island, was held from January 8 to 12 at the Montague Curling Rink in Montague, Prince Edward Island. The winning Bryan Cochrane rink represented Prince Edward Island at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario and finished with a 2–5 record. The event was held in conjunction with the 2020 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's championship.

The Cochrane rink went undefeated through the whole tournament, not losing a game as they won all three qualifying events.

PEI Men's Curling Championship
The PEI Men's Curling Championship, formerly the PEI Tankard, is the provincial championship for men's curling in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island . The tournament is run by Curl PEI, the provincial curling association. The winner represents Team Prince Edward Island at The Brier.

Prince Edward Island has had a team in the Brier since 1936.
James Bland (priest)
James Bland (c. 1666 – March 1728) was an English Anglican priest in Ireland.

Bland was educated at Sedbergh School and St John's College, Cambridge.

He moved to Ireland in 1692 as chaplain to Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, the newly appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Bland became Archdeacon of Limerick on 1 June 1693, resigned in 1705, and became Archdeacon of Aghadoe on 12 July that year. He became Treasurer of Ardfert in 1711 and Dean of Ardfert in 1728.

He was married to Lucy Brewster, the eldest daughter of Sir Francis Brewster, Alderman of Dublin; and died as Vicar of Killarney in March 1728.

Dean of Limerick and Ardfert
The Dean of Limerick and Ardfert is a Church of Ireland official based in the Cathedral Church of St Mary's in the united diocese of Limerick, Killaloe and Ardfert.

There had been two separate deans, Dean of Limerick and Dean of Ardfert, until the position was united in 1987. The Dean of Ardfert had been based at Ardfert Cathedral (a.k.a. St Brendan's Cathedral), until it was destroyed by fire in 1641.

The current incumbent, since 2017, is The Very Reverend Niall Sloane.
Villa Minozzo
Villa Minozzo (Reggiano: La Vìla da Mnòcc) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Bologna and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
John Harward
John Henry Harward (27 May 1858 – 30 September 1932) was a British educationist and Principal of Royal College Colombo (1892–1902).

Born in Wirksworth, Derbyshire, he was educated at Durham School (1869–1877) and University College, Oxford (1878–1881) and graduated B.A. First in classical Moderations.

Starting a career in teaching he became the second classics Master at Brighton College (1882–1891). In 1892 he was appointed Principal of Royal College Colombo till 20 August 1902. Concurrently he acted as Director of Public Instruction (1898–1902) while being principal and was Director of Public Instruction January 1903 to 1915.

On retirement he settled down in Warwick, Queensland, Australia.

Durham School
Durham School is a fee-charging boarding and day school in the English public school tradition located in Durham, North East England.  Since 2021 it has been part of the Durham Cathedral Schools Foundation.

Durham School was an all-boys institution from its foundation in 1414 until 1985, when girls were admitted to the sixth form. The school takes pupils aged 3–18 years and became fully co-educational in 1998.

A member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, it enrolls 495 day and boarding students. Its preparatory institution, known as the Chorister School, enrolls a further 250 pupils.

Durham and Bow's former pupils include politicians, clergy and British aristocracy. Former students are known as Old Dunelmians. Founded by the Bishop of Durham, Thomas Langley, in 1414, it received royal foundation by King Henry VIII in 1541 following the Dissolution of the Monasteries during the Protestant Reformation. It is the city's oldest institution of learning.