hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chaconine
α-Chaconine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid that occurs in plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a natural toxicant produced in green potatoes and gives the potato a bitter taste. Tubers produce this glycoalkaloid in response to stress, providing the plant with insecticidal and fungicidal properties. It belongs to the chemical family of saponins. Since it causes physiological effects on individual organism, chaconine is considered to be a defensive allelochemical. Solanine, a related substance also found in potatoes, has similar properties.

Saponin
Saponins (Latin sapon, 'soap' + -in, 'one of') are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort (genus Saponaria), a flowering plant, the soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), common corn-cockle (Agrostemma githago L.), baby's breath (Gypsophila spp.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.). They are used in soaps, medicines (e.g., drug adjuvants), fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages (for example, being responsible for maintaining the head on root beer). Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin (licorice flavoring) and quillaia (alt. quillaja), a bark extract used in beverages.
Graeme Shinnie
Graeme Garry Shinnie (born 4 August 1991) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or left back for and captains Scottish Premiership club Aberdeen.

He has previously played for Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Forres Mechanics, Aberdeen, Derby County and Wigan Athletic. Shinnie made his first full international appearance for Scotland in May 2018.

PFA Scotland Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Scotland Team of the Year (often called the PFA Scotland Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 44 footballers in the four national tiers of the Scottish football league system, who are seen to be deserving of being named in a "Team of the Year". The award is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, Professional Footballers' Association Scotland (PFA Scotland), with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award was instituted in the 2006–07 season. In that first season, the award was voted for by the managers in each division.

The award was expanded to include the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) in 2021–22.
Nors
Nors is a small town, with a population of 1,110 (1 January 2025), in Thy district, North Jutland Region in Denmark. It is located in Thisted Municipality 14 km southeast of Hanstholm and 9 km north of Thisted.

Nors Church has a choir and nave from Romanesque times from the years 1000–1200, where many churches were built in Denmark.

Nors is located 2 km east of Nors Lake, which is a part of Hanstholm Wildlife Reserve in Thy National Park.

Thisted
Thisted is a town in the municipality of Thisted in the North Denmark Region of Denmark. It has a population of 13,505 (1 January 2025) and is located in Thy, in northwestern Jutland.

Market town status was given to Thisted in 1500.
Spark SRT05e
The Spark SRT05E, also known as the Spark Gen2 (or the Spark Gen2EVO for the unreleased upgraded chassis that was set to be introduced in the 2020–21 season but eventually cancelled) was an electric formula race car designed for use in the FIA Formula E Championship. The car was the successor to the SRT01-e, and was constructed by Spark Racing Technology with assistance from Dallara. It was used as the base car for all manufacturers and teams from the 2018-2019 FIA Formula E Championship. The car featured a new 56 kW⋅h (202 MJ) battery from McLaren Applied Technologies, alongside the Halo cockpit protection system, and was the first Formula E car capable of completing a full-race distance.

Spark Racing Technology
Spark Racing Technology (SRT) is a motorsport manufacturer specialized in the development and engineering of high-performance electric vehicles and modules. The company was founded by Frédéric Vasseur to become the sole chassis supplier for the FIA Formula E Championship but is now involved in other projects as well.
Mighty Machines
Mighty Machines is a Canadian educational children's television series. The series is about how machines work and what they do. The show premiered in October 1994 on Family Channel. 39 episodes over three seasons were produced.

Concrete mixer
A concrete mixer (also cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate (e.g. sand or gravel), and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a wheelbarrow; however, several companies have recently begun to sell modified tarps for this purpose.

The concrete mixer was invented by Columbus, Ohio, industrialist Gebhardt Jaeger. However Stothert & Pitt's 1885 Price Book records Messers H. Lee & Co used a Lee's Mixer during the construction of the Admiralty Pier at Dover, Kent. Their US Price Book distributor was E. & F. N. Spon, Booksellers, 35 Murray St, New York.
Tibberton, Gloucestershire
Tibberton is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean District of Gloucestershire, England. The village is 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Gloucester and 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Newent. At the 2021 Census, the population of the output areas roughly equating to the civil parish was 576. Tibberton is a parish of 1,406 acres (5.69 km2) in an area with 254 households. The population of the central village area within the parish was estimated at 345 people by Forest of Dean District Council in July 2024.

The local primary school, Tibberton Community Primary School,  provides education for children from 2-11. It is a half form entry school with  109 primary school pupils as of January 2024, roughly 35 nursery school pupils, and is currently rated "Good"  by Ofsted as of May 2023.

Newent
Newent (/ˈnjuːənt/; originally called "Noent") is a market town and civil parish in the municipal district of Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England, though not in the "Royal Forest of Dean". The town is 11 miles (18 km) north-west of Gloucester. Its population was 5,073 at the 2001 census, rising to 5,207 in 2011, The population was 6,777 at the 2021 Census. Once a medieval market and fair town, its site had been settled at least since Roman times. The first written record of it appears in the 1086 Domesday Book.
Hinokinin
Hinokinin is a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, derived from various species of plants. It is a potential antichagonistic agent. In vitro, it has been shown to have potential neuroprotective effects as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral and antifungal properties. Historically, it was isolated, for the first time, by Yoshiki and Ishiguro in 1933 from hinoki wood.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Newberry, Florida
Newberry is a city located in the southwest corner of Alachua County, Florida, United States. The population was 7,342 as of the 2020 Census, up from 4,950 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Much of the city borders neighboring Gilchrist County, to the west.

Developed as a mining and railroad town in the late 19th century, since the mid-20th century it has developed new commodity crops for agriculture. In 1984 Freddie Warmack was elected as its first black mayor, gaining 60% of the white vote. The city's historic district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 2019, Newberry's city commission has included a National Development Officer for the right-wing John Birch Society.

Gilchrist County, Florida
Gilchrist County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,864. The county seat is Trenton.

Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Elias Hasket Derby
Elias Hasket Derby (August 16, 1739 — September 8, 1799) was an American merchant based in Salem, Massachusetts who owned or held shares in numerous privateers. The crews of these ships took more than 150 prizes during the American Revolution, and the sale of the prizes resulted in great wealth to be shared. Derby was in business with his father, who died at the end of the war.

After the war, Derby converted his large, swift Grand Turk to commercial use, and sent it as the first New England vessel to trade directly with China. By specializing in the East Indies trade, Derby became not only one of the wealthiest and most celebrated traders of the post-Revolutionary period in Salem, Massachusetts, but at one point reputedly the richest man in the United States. He died in Salem in September, 1799, aged 60.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
1995 Hellmann's Cup
The 1995 Hellmann's Cup was a men's tennis tournament held in Santiago, Chile and played on outdoor clay courts. The tournament was part of the ATP World Series circuit of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 23 October through 30 October. Unseeded Slava Doseděl won the singles title.

1995 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Knut Alvsson
Knut Alvsson  (1455 – 18 August 1502) was a Norwegian nobleman and landowner. He was the country's foremost Norwegian-born noble in his time and served as fief-holder in southern-central Norway.

He was heir of the Sudreim claim to the Norwegian throne in accordance with the order of succession agreed to by Norwegian nobility and religious leadership when the Sverre dynasty became extinct. From 1497 to 1499 he served as commander of Akershus Fortress but was removed in 1499 when he lost King Hans' confidence.  In 1501 he led a rebellion against King Hans in Norway. He met his death at the hands of pro-Danish Henrich Krummedige’s men in spite of a promise of safe conduct, effectively weakening the rebellion severely as well as ending a feud which had started with their fathers, Hartvig Krummedige and Alv Knutsson.

Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's maritime colonies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).

The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm 11 days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. The Danish king formally renounced his claim to Sweden in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
Kia Kima Scout Reservation
Kia Kima Scout Reservation /ˈkaɪ.ə kiːmə/ is a nationally accredited Boy Scouts of America summer camp outside Hardy, Arkansas owned by the Chickasaw Council. The camp was founded in 1916 by Bolton Smith. The name "Kia Kima" means "Home of the Eagles" in the Zuni language (commonly translated as "Nest of Eagles"). Summer camp program at Kia Kima generally begins during the 2nd week of June and runs through the second week of July. A Cub and Webelos Resident Camp is generally offered during the first week in June. There is also a winter camp offered which starts after Christmas and lasts several days. The original property, Old Kia Kima, is listed on the Arkansas Register of Historic Places.

Quapaw Area Council
The Quapaw Area Council was a regional council of the Boy Scouts of America. It was the largest council in Arkansas before its end in 2023 by merger in both area and members and is headquartered in Little Rock.  The council serves over 18,000 youth and 3,600 adults in thirty-nine counties divided into ten districts, and approximately 100 boys become Eagle Scouts each year.
Head of Eglaisi Bige, Clonmacnoise
The airchinnech Eglaisi Bige (head of the little church) is an office associated with the monastery of Clonmacnoise between 898 and 1097.
Nine persons are listed as its officers:

Ecertach, son of Luchairén of the Meic Cuinn na mBocht. He was the father of Óenucán mac Écertaig (d. 949) and Dúnadach mac Écertaig (d. 955), both of whom became Bishop of Clonmacnoise. Died 898.

Fiachra of Eglais beag, died 923.

Óenucán mac Écertaig, a son of Ecertach (died 898) and germanus atavi of Conn na mbocht. Both he and his brother were apparently fostered in Louth, their tutor being Caíchormrac, bishop and princeps of Louth, who died in 903.

Cathasach, died 978.

Broen ua hAedha, possibly of the Múscraige of Munster, died 987.

Cairpre mac Rodaighe, died 1037.

Ailill Ua Máelchiaráin, died 1060.

Aodh Ua Conghaile, died 1092. Listed as such by the Four Masters.

Máeláan Ua Cuinn, a member of the Meic Cuinn na mBocht, died 1097.

Bishop of Clonmacnoise
Bishop of Clonmacnoise was the ordinary of the Roman Catholic episcopal see based at Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland. The bishops of Clonmacnoise (Old Irish: Cluain Moccu Nóis) appear in the records for the first time in the 9th century, although inferior in status to the Abbot of Clonmacnoise until the reformation of the Irish Church in the 12th century. After the Reformation, there were several parallel bishops placed by the Church of Ireland until the Diocese of Clonmacnoise was merged with Diocese of Meath to form the Diocese of Meath and Kildare in 1569. In the Roman Catholic Church, separate bishops continued longer. The diocese came under the administration of the Bishop of Ardagh between 1688 and 1725, before the provision of Stephen MacEgan in 1725. Although MacEgan was translated to Meath in 1729, he continued to administer Clonmacnoise separately until his death in 1756, after which the see was finally merged into the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise.
The Marsh Ladies Choir
The Marsh Ladies Choir is an amateur women's choir based in the town of Huddersfield, in the English county of West Yorkshire. It was founded in 1955. It currently has around 40 members and has developed a wide repertoire from their classical, folk, swing, and jazz shows. The choir maintains a busy schedule of concerts and competitions, both in Huddersfield and further afield. The Choir became a registered charity in 2007

Women's choir
A women's choir or women's chorus is a choir formed exclusively by women. If all singers are young, it is called a girls' choir. The voice types are usually soprano and alto, SSAA. The names are also used for music especially composed for such groups.
Radeon R300 series
The R300 GPU, introduced in August 2002 and developed by ATI Technologies, is its third generation of GPU used in Radeon graphics cards. This GPU features 3D acceleration based upon Direct3D 9.0 and OpenGL 2.0, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding R200 design. R300 was the first fully Direct3D 9-capable consumer graphics chip. The processors also include 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs.

The first graphics cards using the R300 to be released were the Radeon 9700. It was the first time that ATI marketed its GPU as a Visual Processing Unit (VPU). R300 and its derivatives would form the basis for ATI's consumer and professional product lines for over 3 years.

The integrated graphics processor based upon R300 is the Xpress 200.

Texture mapping unit
In computer graphics, a texture mapping unit (TMU) is a component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs). They are able to rotate, resize, and distort a bitmap image to be placed onto an arbitrary plane of a given 3D model as a texture, in a process called texture mapping. In modern graphics cards it is implemented as a discrete stage in a graphics pipeline, whereas when first introduced it was implemented as a separate processor, e.g. as seen on the Voodoo2 graphics card.
Kostas Manolas
Konstantinos "Kostas" Manolas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος "Κώστας" Μανωλάς; pronounced [konsta(n)ˈdinos ˈkostas manoˈlas]; born 14 June 1991) is a Greek footballer who plays for Cyclades FCA First Division club Pannaxiakos. A defender throughout his career, Manolas has been playing as a striker for Pannaxiakos since 2024.

2017–18 Serie A
The 2017–18 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 116th season of top-tier Italian football, the 86th in a round-robin tournament and the 8th since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. Juventus were the six-time defending champions. The season ran from 19 August 2017 to 20 May 2018.

On 13 May, Juventus won a record seventh consecutive title and 34th title overall with one game remaining following their 0–0 draw with Roma.

The season was marred by the death of Davide Astori, the captain of Fiorentina, due to heart problems.
Alan Hurd
Alan Hurd (7 September 1937 – 11 April 2016) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Essex.

Hurd was educated at Chigwell School and Clare College, Cambridge. An off-spin bowler, he played for Cambridge University and Essex from 1958 to 1960. His best innings and match figures came in his first match for Essex, when he took 6 for 15 and 4 for 62 in a victory over Kent.

After his first-class cricket career he taught English at Sevenoaks School. He also coached the school cricket team. He retired as Head of English and Senior Master in January 1997.

Chigwell School
Chigwell School is a co-educational independent boarding and day school. It is a private school in Chigwell, in the Epping Forest district of Essex. It consists of a Pre Prep (ages 4–7), Prep School (ages 7–11), Senior School (ages 11–16) and Sixth Form. A pre-preparatory department for children aged 4–7 was constructed starting for the 2013–14 academic year.

The school is situated in 100 acres (40 hectares) of land between Epping Forest and Hainault Forest, ten miles (sixteen kilometres) from London. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) and the Junior School is a member of the Independent Association of Prep Schools (IAPS).

The school motto is aut viam inveniam aut faciam, a Latin phrase which translates literally as “I shall either find a way or make one”.
Miss Earth 2017
Miss Earth 2017 was the 17th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena in Bay City, Pasay, Metro Manila, the Philippines, on November 4, 2017.

Katherine Espín of Ecuador crowned Karen Ibasco of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event. Ibasco's crowning marks the fourth time the Philippines won the Miss Earth title—the most in the pageant's history.

Miss International 2017
Miss International 2017, the 57th Miss International pageant, was held on November 14, 2017 at Tokyo Dome City Hall in Tokyo, Japan. Kylie Verzosa of the Philippines crowned her successor Kevin Lilliana Junaedy of Indonesia at the end of the event. This edition also saw the crowning of the first ever Muslim women to win Miss International, and was the first to win one of the four major international pageants for Indonesia.

The show was hosted by Tetsuya Bessho on his fourth consecutive year. Amy Ota co-hosted the event, with a performance by Chemistry. This is the second time in Miss International history that the finals night saw the return of the previous year's runners-up to crown their respective successors.
Waco CG-13
The Waco CG-13 was an American military transport glider aircraft developed during World War II. The Waco CG-13 was developed to meet a U.S. Army Air Forces requirement for a larger transport glider than the CG-4A, capable of carrying up to 42 troops or equivalent cargo.

Glider (aircraft)
A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off by self-launch.

There are a wide variety of types differing in the construction of their wings, aerodynamic efficiency, location of the pilot, controls and intended purpose. Most exploit meteorological phenomena to maintain or gain height. Gliders are principally used for the air sports of gliding, hang gliding and paragliding. However some spacecraft have been designed to descend as gliders and in the past military gliders have been used in warfare. Some simple and familiar types of glider are toys such as paper planes and balsa wood gliders.
2024 Rio Open
The 2024 Rio Open, also known as Rio Open presented by Claro for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the Rio Open, and part of the ATP Tour 500 tournaments of the 2024 ATP Tour. It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between February 19–25, 2024.

Rio Open
The Rio Open, also known as the Rio Open presented by Claro for sponsorship reasons, is a tennis event on the ATP Tour and a former WTA tour-level event. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts at the Jockey Club Brasileiro in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the only ATP Tour 500 event in South America and the only ATP Tour event in Brazil (since 2020).