hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Channel-stopper
In semiconductor device fabrication,  channel-stopper or channel-stop is an area in semiconductor devices produced by implantation or diffusion of ions, by growing or patterning the silicon oxide, or other isolation methods in semiconductor material with the primary function to limit the spread of the channel area or to prevent the formation of parasitic channels (inversion layers).

Ion implantation
Ion implantation is a low-temperature process by which ions of one element are accelerated into a solid target, thereby changing the target's physical, chemical, or electrical properties. Ion implantation is used in semiconductor device fabrication and in metal finishing, as well as in materials science research. The ions can alter the elemental composition of the target (if the ions differ in composition from the target) if they stop and remain in the target.  Ion implantation also causes chemical and physical changes when the ions impinge on the target at high energy. The crystal structure of the target can be damaged or even destroyed by the energetic collision cascades, and ions of sufficiently high energy (tens of MeV) can cause nuclear transmutation.
ABT-418
ABT-418 is a drug developed by Abbott, that has nootropic, neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects, and has been researched for treatment of both Alzheimer's disease and ADHD. It acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, subtype-selective binding with high affinity to the α4β2, α7/5-HT3, and α2β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but not α3β4 receptors  ABT-418 was reasonably effective for both applications and fairly well tolerated, but produced some side effects, principally nausea, and it is unclear whether ABT-418 itself will proceed to clinical development or if another similar drug will be used instead.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
1879 State of the Union Address
The 1879 State of the Union address was delivered by the 19th president of the United States, Rutherford B. Hayes, to the 46th United States Congress on December 1, 1879, in the House Chamber of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Speaker of the House, Samuel J. Randall, and Vice President William A. Wheeler presided over the joint session.

46th United States Congress
The 46th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881, during the last two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House of Representatives had a Democratic plurality.  The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.
History of type theory
The type theory was initially created to avoid paradoxes in a variety of formal logics and rewrite systems.  Later, type theory referred to a class of formal systems, some of which can serve as alternatives to naive set theory as a foundation for all mathematics.

It has been tied to formal mathematics since Principia Mathematica to today's proof assistants.

Calculus of constructions
In mathematical logic and computer science, the calculus of constructions (CoC) is a type theory created by Thierry Coquand. It can serve as both a typed programming language and as constructive foundation for mathematics. For this second reason, the CoC and its variants have been the basis for Rocq and other proof assistants.

Some of its variants include the calculus of inductive constructions (which adds inductive types), the calculus of (co)inductive constructions (which adds coinduction), and the predicative calculus of inductive constructions (which removes some impredicativity).
Piraeus Painter
The Piraeus Painter was one of the first Attic black-figure vase painters. He was active between 630 and 600 BC.

The Piraeus Painter was a contemporary of the Nessos Painter, whose importance and artistic class he did not reach. His name vase, a neck amphora in Athens, National Archaeological Museum 353, was found at Piraeus. The most noteworthy feature of that vase is the snout of the depicted lion, stylised into the shape of a volute. Images of lions were quite popular at the time, as in the works of the Lion Painter and the Gorgon Painter. Except his animal figures, which display a safe intuition for design and proportions, his other figures appear very stiff and awkward.

Nessos Painter
The Nessos Painter, also known as Netos or Nettos Painter, was a pioneer of Attic black-figure vase painting. He is considered to be the first Athenian to adopt the Corinthian style who went on to develop his own style and introduced innovations. The Nessos Painter is often known to be one of the original painters of black-figure. He only worked in this style, which is shown on his name vase in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Most of the known Nessos Painter ceramics were found in funerary settings such as cemeteries and mortuaries.
1980–81 FIBA Korać Cup
The 1980–81 FIBA Korać Cup was the tenth edition of FIBA's Korać Cup basketball competition. The Spanish Joventut Freixenet defeated the Italian Carrera Venezia in the final on March 19, 1981 in Barcelona, Spain. This was the first edition of the competition to feature a champion team outside of Italy or Yugoslavia.

FIBA Korać Cup
The FIBA Korać Cup was an annual basketball club competition held by FIBA Europe between the 1971–72 and 2001–02 seasons. It was the third-tier level club competition in European basketball, after the FIBA European Champions Cup (later renamed the EuroLeague) and the FIBA Cup Winners Cup (later renamed the FIBA Saporta Cup). The last Korać Cup season was held during the 2001–02 season.
KTEK
KTEK (1110 AM) – branded Relevant Radio – is a non-commercial Catholic radio station licensed to Alvin, Texas. Owned by Relevant Radio, Inc., the station serves Greater Houston but does not broadcast any local programming, instead functioning as a repeater for the Relevant Radio network. KTEK also simulcasts over three Houston licensed translators K222CX (92.3 FM), K241CM (96.1 FM) and K245CQ (96.9 FM). The KTEK transmitter is located in Alvin, while the transmitter for K241CM resides in Friendswood and the K245CQ transmitter is near MacGregor Drive and Texas State Highway 288, just south of downtown Houston.

KTEK broadcasts only during the daytime as a Class D facility because it shares its frequency with clear channel KFAB in Omaha, Nebraska, while the translators maintain the 24 hour network schedule.

Relevant Radio
Relevant Radio (corporate name Relevant Radio, Inc.) is a radio network in the United States, mainly broadcasting talk radio and religious programming involving the Catholic Church. Relevant Radio broadcasts "talk radio for Catholic life" over a network of 205 stations. Relevant Radio owns and operates 132 stations, and distributes programs to an additional 73 affiliates.

Relevant Radio is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in Lincolnshire, Illinois, with additional studios in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

The network airs a variety of programming aimed at Catholics and others interested in the Catholic Church.
Hawaii Territory's at-large congressional district
Hawaii Territory's at-large congressional district was the congressional district for the Territory of Hawaii, which was established by the Newlands Resolution of 1898.

On April 30, 1900, the Hawaiian Organic Act gave the Territory the authority to elect a single non-voting congressional delegate.

After Hawaii's admission to the Union as the 50th state by act of Congress on August 21, 1959, this district was replaced by Hawaii's at-large congressional district.

Newlands Resolution
The Newlands Resolution, 30 Stat. 750, was a joint resolution passed on July 7, 1898, by the United States Congress to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii. In 1900, Congress created the Territory of Hawaii.

The resolution was drafted by Representative Francis G. Newlands of Nevada, a member of the Silver Party. Annexation was a highly controversial political issue, along with the similar issue of the acquisition of the Philippines in 1898.
Gmina Moryń
Gmina Moryń is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Moryń, which lies approximately 44 kilometres (27 mi) south of Gryfino and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 124.86 square kilometres (48.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,296 (out of which the population of Moryń amounts to 1,570, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,726).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Cedynia Landscape Park.

Moryń
Moryń ([ˈmɔrɨɲ], German: Mohrin) is a town in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. Situated near the German border, it possesses an old town with a medieval street layout surrounded by well-preserved defensive walls and gates dating back to the early 14th century.
German Aerospace Center
The German Aerospace Center (German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR, literally German Center for Air- and Space-flight) is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of Germany, founded in 1969. It is headquartered in Cologne with 35 locations throughout Germany. The DLR is engaged in a wide range of research and development projects in national and international partnerships.

The DLR acts as the German space agency and is responsible for planning and implementing the German space programme on behalf of the German federal government. As a project management agency, DLR coordinates and answers the technical and organisational implementation of projects funded by a number of German federal ministries. As of 2020, the German Aerospace Center had a national budget of €1.348 billion.

Gulfstream G550
The Gulfstream G550 is an American business jet aircraft produced by the General Dynamics' Gulfstream Aerospace unit in Savannah, Georgia, US. The certification designation is GV-SP.  A version with reduced fuel capacity was marketed as the G500. Gulfstream ceased production of the G550 in July 2021.

The U.S. Military uses the Gulfstream G550 design as the C-37B and EA-37B Compass Call, the related Gulfstream V is the C-37A.
1925 All-Eastern football team
The 1925 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1925 college football season.

The undefeated 1925 Dartmouth Indians football team had four players who received first-team All-Eastern honors from at least one selector: halfback Andy Oberlander; end George Tully; tackle Nathan Parker; and guard Carl Diehl.

Five players received first-team All-Eastern honors and were also consensus first-team All-Americans: Oberander, Tully, and Diehl of Dartmouth; center Ed McMillan of Princeton; and tackle Ralph Chase of Pittsburgh.

Six of the All-Eastern honorees were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Oberlander; halfback Eddie Tryon of Colgate; fullback Andy Gustafson of Pittsburgh; end Vic Hanson of Syracuse; tackle Bud Sprague of Army; and guard Herbert Sturhahn of Yale.

George Tully (American football)
George Chandler Tully (March 12, 1904 – May 1, 1980) was an American football end who played one season with the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the National Football League (NFL). Tully played football at Dartmouth College. He was a consensus All-American in 1925. He was also a member of the Philadelphia Quakers of the American Football League (AFL).
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Saudi Arabia)
Content from the United States diplomatic cables leak has depicted Saudi Arabia and related subjects extensively. The leak,  which began on 28 November 2010, occurred when the website of WikiLeaks — an international new media non-profit organization that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and news leaks — started to publish classified documents of detailed correspondence — diplomatic cables — between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world. Since the initial release date, WikiLeaks is releasing further documents every day.

Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak
This is a list of notable content from the United States diplomatic cables leak that reveals the United States' political opinion towards a variety of international affairs. Beginning on November 28, 2010, WikiLeaks had been publishing classified documents of detailed correspondence—diplomatic cables—between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world. On 1 September 2011, it released all of the Cablegate documents in its possession without redaction.
Caleb Chapman
Caleb Chapman (born August 15, 1973) is an American GRAMMY-nominated bandleader,  music educator, author, entrepreneur, producer, motivational speaker, and musician from Derry, New Hampshire, who currently resides in Utah. A graduate of Brigham Young University, he is the founder and CEO of Caleb Chapman's Soundhouse, a music performance training program headquartered in Pleasant Grove, Utah and the director of Caleb Chapman's Crescent Super Band. Chapman has been recognized for his significant contributions to music education and has received numerous honors for his work as an educator, performer, and business leader.

Neon Trees
Neon Trees are an American rock band founded in Provo, Utah. The band received nationwide exposure in late 2008 when they opened several North American tour dates for the band the Killers. Not long after, the band was signed by Mercury Records. Their first single, "Animal", climbed to No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Alternative Songs chart.

Since their formation, Neon Trees has released five studio albums: Habits (2010), Picture Show (2012), Pop Psychology (2014), I Can Feel You Forgetting Me (2020), and Sink Your Teeth (2024). The band has also released eight EPs (two exclusive to iTunes) and fourteen singles.
The Newsroom (Canadian TV series)
The Newsroom is a Canadian television comedy-drama series which ran on CBC Television in the 1996–97, 2003–04 and 2004–05 seasons. A two-hour television movie, Escape from the Newsroom, was broadcast in 2002.

The show is set in the newsroom of a television station which is never officially named, but is generally understood to be based on CBC's own Toronto affiliate CBLT. Inspired by American series The Larry Sanders Show and similar to such earlier series as the British Drop the Dead Donkey and the Australian Frontline, the series mines a dark vein of comedy from the political machinations and the sheer incompetence of the people involved in producing the fictional City Hour, the station's nightly newscast.

Directors Guild of Canada
The Directors Guild of Canada (DGC; French: Guilde canadienne des réalisateurs) is a Canadian labour union representing more than 5,500 professionals from 48 different occupations in the Canadian film and television industry. Founded in 1962, the DGC represents directors, editors, assistant directors, location managers, production assistants and others.

The DGC has district councils in the following provinces; British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador and the Atlantic District Council (representing New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island). However, in Quebec certain positions are represented by other unions such as IATSE 514 and the Quebec union "AQTIS". Each district council has written its own specific Standard Agreement to represent its members.

The National Office for the Directors Guild of Canada is located on Heward Street, Toronto, Ontario.
TaylorMade
TaylorMade Golf Company is an American sports equipment manufacturing company based in Carlsbad, California, United States. The company focuses on the golf equipment market, producing golf clubs, balls, and clothing. TaylorMade Golf is currently a subsidiary of Centroid Investment Partners after it was purchased from KPS Capital Partners in May 2021.

TaylorMade's initial success came with the innovation of metal drivers, which debuted in 1979 and have subsequently dominated the golf market. In September 2012, Outside magazine named TaylorMade one of America's "Best Places to Work".

Outside (magazine)
Outside is a magazine focused on the outdoors. The first issue of the Outside magazine was published in September 1977. It is published by Outside Inc., a company that also owns various other ventures.
2014 Buffalo Bills season
The 2014 season was the Buffalo Bills' 45th in the National Football League (NFL), their 55th overall, their second and final season under head coach Doug Marrone, and the first in franchise history without Ralph Wilson as owner. The Bills defense continued its strong play from last season, finishing first in the league with 54 quarterback sacks. Overall, the Bills improved on their 6–10 record from 2013, finishing with a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 2004, yet they still missed the playoffs after a Week 16 loss to the Oakland Raiders.

Ralph Wilson
Ralph Cookerly Wilson Jr. (October 17, 1918 – March 25, 2014) was an American businessman and sports executive. He was best known as the founder and owner of the Buffalo Bills, a team in the National Football League (NFL). He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League (AFL), the league with which the NFL merged in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners to own his team. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the NFL, at age 95. His 54 years of ownership was the third longest tenure by one owner in league history behind George Halas and Art Rooney. Wilson was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2009.
2023 Women's Hockey One
The 2023 Women's JDH Hockey One was the third season of Hockey Australia's national league, Hockey One. The tournament was held across 7 states and territories of Australia. Competition commenced on 6 October, and culminated with a finals weekend on 25 and 26 November.

Hockey One
The Liberty Hockey One is a field hockey competition organised by Hockey Australia, which replaced the Australian Hockey League.

Dual competitions are conducted for both men's and women's teams, with parallel fixtures for both competitions throughout the regular season. The league serves as Australia's premier domestic hockey league, helping unearth future talent for selection to the Australian national teams; the Kookaburras and Hockeyroos.

The NSW Pride and the Brisbane Blaze are currently the most successful teams, winning three out of six titles each. The Pride won both the men's and women's competitions in 2022, whereas the Blaze won both competitions in 2023.
Dimdim
Dimdim was a software company that provided a web-based platform for realtime collaboration and meetings. Dimdim provided web conferencing service where users could share desktops, show slides, collaborate, chat, talk, and broadcast via webcam. It was compared to the WebEx 2.0 web conferencing application. Dimdim was acquired by Salesforce.com for $31 million on January 6, 2011.

Webex
Webex by Cisco  is an American subsidiary of Cisco Systems that develops and sells web conferencing, videoconferencing and contact center as a service applications. It was founded as WebEx Communications, Inc., in 1995 and acquired by Cisco Systems in May 2007. Its headquarters are in San Jose, California.

Its software products include Webex App, Webex Suite, Webex Meetings, Webex Messaging, Webex Calling, Webex Contact Center, and Webex Devices. All Webex products are part of the Cisco Systems collaboration portfolio.
Bowé virus
Bowé virus (BOWV) is a viral isolate detected in tissue samples from Crocidura douceti (musk shrew). The putative host shrews were captured in Bowé, Guinea, in February 2012. BOWV is closely related to Tanganya virus, harbored by Crocidura theresae in the same region, as well as the Jeju virus.

Tanganya virus
Tanganya virus (TGNV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, possibly of the genus Orthohantavirus. It is the second indigenous Murinae-associated African hantavirus to be discovered. It has a low sequence similarity to other hantaviruses and is serologically distinct from other hantaviruses. It was discovered in January 2004 after extraction from tissue samples taken from a Therese's shrew (Crocidura theresae) near the village of Tanganya, Guinea.
2021 Men's Rugby League World Cup Group D
Group D of the 2021 Rugby League World Cup is one of the four groups in the 2021 Rugby League World Cup, which will be played in 2022. The group comprises automatic qualifiers Tonga and Papua New Guinea as well as Wales, who qualified through the 2018 European Championship and Cook Islands, who qualified through the repechage tournament.

The pool draw was made on 16 January 2020. The fixtures were announced on 21 July 2020. A revised schedule was issued on 19 November 2021 following the postponement of the tournament from 2021 to 2022.

2018 Rugby League European Championship
The 2018 European Championship is an international rugby league tournament that took place in October and November 2018. Four teams competed in the tournament, which forms the top tier of European international competition, and the first stage of qualification for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup. The winner and runner-up will automatically qualify for the World Cup, while the third and fourth placed teams will enter the European play-off qualifying competition.
Allahabad, Rudbar-e Jonubi
Allahabad (Persian: اله اباد, also Romanized as Allāhābād) is a village in Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 332, in 67 families.

Rudbar Rural District (Rudbar-e Jonubi County)
Rudbar Rural District (Persian: دهستان رودبار) is in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Firuzabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Eslamabad.