hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umbri
The Umbri were an ancient people, considered an Italic people, attested during the Iron Age in inner central Italy, approximately between the middle Tiber river and the central Apennines. A region called Umbria still exists and is now occupied by Italian speakers. It is somewhat smaller than the ancient Umbria. Most ancient Umbrian cities were settled in the 9th-4th centuries BCE on easily defensible hilltops. Umbria was bordered by the Tiber and Nar rivers and included the Apennine slopes on the Adriatic. The ancient Umbrian language belongs to the Osco-Umbrian branch of the Italic languages, an Indo-European subfamily that also includes the Latino-Faliscan languages.

Barbette Spaeth
Barbette Stanley Spaeth is an American academic who is an associate professor at College of William and Mary,  and is an expert in Roman mythology.  She isa former secretary of the Williamsburg Society, Archaeological Institute of America, and president of the Society for Ancient Mediterranean Religions.

She graduated from Johns Hopkins University with a PhD.

Spaeth wrote her doctoral dissertation on The Roman Goddess Ceres.  She was a professor at Tulane University, from 1987 to 2001.

She has won awards for her work in academia.
EuroDeaf 2015
The EuroDeaf 2015, short for the 2015 European Deaf Football Championships, is the eighth edition of the European competition of deaf football national teams for men, and the second edition for women. It was organized by the European Deaf Sport Organization (EDSO), and was held in Hanover, Germany between 14 and 27 June 2015.  16 men's national teams and 4 women's national teams competed first in the group stage and subsequently in knock-out stage. In the men's championship, Turkey won the title for the first time, defeating Russia in the final, Great Britain placed third. In the women's championship, Russia won the title for the second time, defeating Germany in the final, Poland placed third.

EuroDeaf
The EuroDeaf, short for European Deaf Football Championships,  is a quadrennial European competitions in the association football sport for deaf people. It is organised by the European Deaf Sport Organization (EDSO). It was first held for men's teams in 1987, and for women's in 2011. The first women's championship was held in a different host country and at a different date the same year. In 2015 both championships were held in the same host country and at the same time. In 2019 women's championship was not held. Since 1 October 2021 women's football rating was cancelled and women continued to play only futsal matches.
Szybalski's rule
Szybalski's rule says that lower-protein particles like viruses contain more purines than pyrimidine in their nucleic acid sequence.
This is to prevent double-stranded RNA formation of one or two separate RNA strand that have complementary regions. The formation of a double-stranded RNA is not efficient for viruses as it may delay or stop RNA replication or protein formation.  The rule is named for Wacław Szybalski.

Double-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands found in cells. It is similar to DNA but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom. Despite the structural similarities, much less is known about dsRNA.

They form the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). dsRNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as interferon response in vertebrates. In eukaryotes, dsRNA plays a role in the activation of the innate immune system against viral infections.
Nahl, Punjab
Nahl is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Shahkot, 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Nakodar, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 189 kilometres (117 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Greek-Serbian Symposium
The Greek-Serbian Symposium (Greek: Hellēnoserviko symposio, Serbian: Grčko-srpski simpozijum) is a joint conference on Balkan studies, specialized in Greek-Serbian relations, held by the Greek Institute for Balkan Studies (IMXA) in Thessaloniki and Serbian Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) in Belgrade, since 1976. The collections of reports from the conferences are published by the institutes. It was agreed after the second symposium that the reports were to be published in world languages.

Greece–Serbia relations
Greece and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established in 1879. From 1918 to 2006, Greece maintained relations with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (later Serbia and Montenegro), of which Serbia is considered shared (SFRY) or sole (FRY) legal successor.

Greece and Serbia enjoy close diplomatic relations, which have traditionally been friendly[a] due to cultural, religious and historical ties between the Serbs and Greeks.
Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han
The Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han is a historical large office building located in the Sirkeci neighbourhood of the Eminönü quarter within the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It is owned by the Foundations Administration (Turkish: Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü). Currently, it is used as a five star hotel of the World Park Hotel chain named Legacy Ottoman.

Fatih
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfaːtih]) or the Historical peninsula (in Turkish: Tarihi Yarımada),  is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait.
Khondkar Nazmul Huda
Khondkar Nazmul Huda (6 July 1938 – 7 November 1975) was a veteran of the Bangladesh Liberation War. The Bangladesh government awarded him the title of Bir Bikrom for his bravery in the war of independence.

Bir Bikrom
Bir Bikrom (Bengali: বীর বিক্রম, lit. 'Valiant hero') is the third highest gallantry award in Bangladesh. Like the other gallantry awards, this was introduced immediately after the Bangladeshi Liberation War. Bir Bikrom was awarded to 175 fighters.
Normal operator
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a complex Hilbert space  is a continuous linear operator  that commutes with its Hermitian adjoint , that is: .

Normal operators are important because the spectral theorem holds for them. The class of normal operators is well understood. Examples of normal operators are

unitary operators:

Hermitian operators (i.e., self-adjoint operators):

skew-Hermitian operators:

positive operators:  for some  (so N is self-adjoint).

A normal matrix is the matrix expression of a normal operator on the Hilbert space .

Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,
Marcolino Moco
Marcolino José Carlos Moco (born June 19, 1953 in Chitue, Ekunha) is an Angolan politician. He was the 3rd Prime Minister of Angola from December 2, 1992, until June 3, 1996. He served as the first Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth.

Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
The Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Secretário Executivo da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) is the executive head and highest representative of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth.
Spatial twist continuum
In finite element analysis, the spatial twist continuum (STC) is a dual representation of a hexahedral mesh that defines the global connectivity constraint. Generation of an STC can simplify the automated generation of a mesh.  The method was published in 1993 by a group led by Peter Murdoch.

The name is derived from the description of the surfaces that define the connectivity of the hexahedral elements. The surfaces are arranged in the three principal dimensions such that they form orthogonal intersections that coincide with the centroid of the hexahedral element. They are arranged predominately coplanar to each other in their respective dimensions yet they can twist into the other dimensional planes through transitions. The surfaces are unbroken throughout the entire volume of the mesh hence they are continuums.

Types of mesh
A mesh is a representation of a larger geometric domain by smaller discrete cells. Meshes are commonly used to compute solutions of partial differential equations and render computer graphics, and to analyze geographical and cartographic data. A mesh partitions space into elements (or cells or zones) over which the equations can be solved, which then approximates the solution over the larger domain. Element boundaries may be constrained to lie on internal or external boundaries within a model. Higher-quality (better-shaped) elements have better numerical properties, where what constitutes a "better" element depends on the general governing equations and the particular solution to the model instance.
1966 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1966 La Flèche Wallonne was the 30th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 29 April 1966. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Michele Dancelli of the Molteni team.

La Flèche Wallonne
La Flèche Wallonne (pronounced [la flɛʃ walɔn], French for "The Walloon Arrow") is a men's professional cycle road race held in April each year in Wallonia, Belgium. It is part of the UCI World Tour.

The first of two Belgian Ardennes classics, La Flèche Wallonne is today normally held mid-week    between the Amstel Gold Race and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. At one time, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège were run on successive days as "Le Weekend Ardennais" (both races are organised by Amaury Sport Organisation). Only eight riders have achieved the "Ardennes double" by winning both races in the same year: Alejandro Valverde three times (in 2006, 2015 and 2017), Ferdi Kübler twice (in 1951 and 1952), Stan Ockers (1955), Eddy Merckx (1972), Moreno Argentin (1991), Davide Rebellin (2004), Philippe Gilbert (2011), and Tadej Pogačar (2023).

Since 1998, a women's event has been held on the same day, part of the UCI Women's World Tour.
Michael Cachagee
Michael (Mike) Cachagee (1940 – July 15, 2023) was a prominent Indigenous rights activist, speaker, and community leader. He was a member of Chapleau Cree First Nation and was one of the founding members of the Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association. He was a well known residential school survivor and has been an advocate for residential school rights, healing, and reconciliation. Mike died at the Sault Area Hospital on July 15, 2023.

Algoma University
Algoma University, commonly shortened to Algoma U, is a Canadian public university in the province of Ontario, with campuses in Brampton, Sault Ste. Marie, and Timmins. Algoma U offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and graduate certificate programs in liberal arts, sciences and professional disciplines.

Algoma University specializes in liberal arts, sciences, management and professional degree programs.

From its founding in 1965 until June 18, 2008, Algoma U was an affiliated college of Laurentian University in Sudbury and was officially known as Algoma University College. The enabling legislation is the Algoma University Act, 2008.
Danube Private University
Danube Private University is a private university in Krems an der Donau, Austria. It was founded on 13 August 2009. The university provides education in dentistry, medicine, dental hygiene and medical journalism.

Ministry of Education (Austria)
The Ministry of Education (German: Bundesministerium für Bildung, Bildungsministerium, historically also Unterrichtsministerium) is the government ministry of Austria in charge of public schools and academic institutions.

The current head of the Ministry is Christoph Wiederkehr.
Box 13 scandal
The Box 13 scandal was a political scandal in Jim Wells County, Texas, during the 1948 United States Senate elections, regarding disputed votes in a Democratic primary involving Lyndon B. Johnson and Coke Stevenson.

1948 United States Senate elections
The 1948 United States Senate elections were held concurrently with the election of Democratic President Harry S. Truman for a full term. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and one special election was held to fill a vacancy. Truman campaigned against an "obstructionist" Congress that had blocked many of his initiatives, and additionally, the U.S. economy recovered from the postwar recession of 1946–1947 by election day.

Thus, Truman was rewarded with a Democratic gain of nine seats in the Senate, enough to give them control of the chamber. This was the first time since 1936 that Democrats posted a net gain of seats in the chamber. This was the last time until 2020 that Democrats flipped a chamber of Congress in a presidential election cycle.
King Cobra (ride)
King Cobra was a water slide at Six Flags Hurricane Harbor New Jersey and Aquapolis Athens at Greece, adjacent to Six Flags Great Adventure, in Jackson, New Jersey. The ride is manufactured by Turkish manufacturer, Polin. The ride did not open for the 2018 season, and was dismantled at the end of the season, paving way for Calypso Springs.

Six Flags Hurricane Harbor
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor, simply known as Hurricane Harbor, is a brand of Caribbean-themed water parks owned by Six Flags. The water parks commonly include water slides, wave pools, lazy rivers, restaurants, and shops, but are not identical. There are 16 Hurricane Harbor water parks located in North America. Some of these water parks were built from the ground up while others were acquired and rebranded.

The brand is associated with the former Six Flags company prior to its 2024 merger. It was launched in 1995 with the opening of a Hurricane Harbor water park adjacent to Six Flags Magic Mountain, now known as Hurricane Harbor Los Angeles. Only two Hurricane Harbor water parks have been closed: one at the former Six Flags Worlds of Adventure, and Hurricane Harbor Maryland at the former Six Flags America.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design of a Play
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design of a Play is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City.

The award was established in 1975, with the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design being presented each year to any play or musical production. For 2009, the singular award was replaced by separate play and musical categories, but then merged again from 2010 to 2015; the separate play and musical categories have again co-existed since 2016.

Both Christopher Akerlind and Amith Chandrashaker hold the record for most wins in the category, with two each. For nominations, Isabella Byrd has received the most, with four, followed closely by Chandrashaker and Jiyoun Chang with three nominations each.

Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design was an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. The award was first presented in 1975, for work in either a play or musical production. It was briefly retired, when it was replaced in 2009 by separate play and musical categories, but returned as a singular category starting in 2010. It was permanently retired after the 2015 presentation, again replaced by separate play and musical categories.
Cágado river
The Cágado (Turtle) is a river in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It is a left bank tributary of the Rio Paraibuna and thus a sub-tributary of the Paraiba do Sul. It is 101 kilometres (63 mi) long and drains an area of 1,082 square kilometres (418 sq mi).

The river rises in the Serra da Mantiqueira in the town of Chácara and passes between Bicas and Juiz de Fora through to Pequeri, Guarará and Mar de Espanha to its mouth on the Rio Paraibuna between the cities of Santana do Deserto and Chiador.

Paraíba do Sul
The Paraíba do Sul (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈibɐ du ˈsuw]), or simply Paraíba, is a river in southeast Brazil. It flows 1,137 km (706 mi) west to northeast from its farthest source at the source of the river Paraitinga to the sea near Campos dos Goytacazes. The river receives its name when it meets the river Paraibuna at the Paraibuna dam.

Its main tributaries are the rivers Jaguari, Buquira, Paraibuna, Preto, Pomba and Muriaé. These last two are the longest and join the main river 140 km (87 mi) and 50 km (31 mi) from the mouth respectively .

The valley of the Paraíba do Sul ranges from the latitudes 20°26' and 23°39'S and the longitudes of 41° and 46°30'W and covers an area of about 57,000 km2 (22,000 mi2) distributed over three states. The main economic activities are industry and cattle raising.
LaSalle station (Montreal Metro)
LaSalle station (French pronunciation: [lasal]) is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Verdun, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Green Line. The station opened on September 3, 1978, as part of the extension of the Green Line westward to Angrignon station.

Green Line (Montreal Metro)
The Green Line (French: Ligne verte, pronounced [liɲ vɛʁt]), also known as Line 1 (Ligne 1), is one of the four lines of the Montreal Metro in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The line runs through the commercial section of downtown Montreal underneath Boulevard de Maisonneuve, formerly Rue de Montigny. It runs mainly on a northeast to southwest axis with a connection to the Orange and Yellow Lines at Berri–UQAM, and with the Orange Line west of downtown at Lionel-Groulx.

The section between Atwater and Frontenac was part of the initial network; the line was extended to Honoré-Beaugrand in 1976 to provide easy access to 1976 Summer Olympics sites. It was extended to Angrignon in 1978. All but three stations — De l'Église, Lionel-Groulx, and Charlevoix — are side platform stations.
2025 Qatar TotalEnergies Open
The 2025 Qatar TotalEnergies Open is a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the 23rd edition of the WTA Qatar Open, and a WTA 1000 tournament on the 2025 WTA Tour. It takes place at the International Tennis and Squash complex in Doha, Qatar, from 9 to 15 February 2025.

2025 WTA Tour
The 2025 WTA Tour (branded as the 2025 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2025 tennis season. The 2025 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team event United Cup (combined event with ATP), and the team event Hopman Cup.
Bastian Islands
The Bastian Islands (Norwegian: Bastianøyane) are a group of islands in Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard. The islands are located southeast of Wilhelm Island.

The islands are named after German explorer Adolf Bastian. The Bastian Islands are the northern islands of a larger group, and the southern islands of this group are called the Rønnbeck Islands.

Wilhelm Island
Wilhelm Island (Norwegian: Wilhelmøya) is an island in the Svalbard archipelago. It is situated northeast of Olav V Land on Spitsbergen, in Hinlopen Strait. Its area is 120 km².
About 33.5 % of the island is covered with ice. The island was named after Wilhelm I.
ISO 3166-2:HR
ISO 3166-2:HR is the entry for Croatia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Croatia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for one city and 20 counties. The city Zagreb is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the counties.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is HR, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Croatia. The second part is two digits:

01–20: counties

21: city

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Paul Blanshard
Paul Beecher Blanshard (August 27, 1892 – January 27, 1980) was an American author, assistant editor of The Nation magazine, lawyer, socialist, secular humanist, and from 1949 an outspoken critic of Catholicism.

League for Industrial Democracy
The League for Industrial Democracy (LID) was founded as a successor to the Intercollegiate Socialist Society in 1921. Members decided to change its name to reflect a more inclusive and more organizational perspective.