hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miss South Africa 2023
Miss South Africa 2023 was the 65th edition of the Miss South Africa pageant, held at the SunBet Arena in Pretoria, South Africa, on 13 August 2023.

Ndavi Nokeri of Limpopo crowned Natasha Joubert of Gauteng as her successor at the end of the event. Due to Joubert representing South Africa at Miss Universe 2020, her first runner-up Bryoni Govender was the country representative at Miss Universe 2023.

Bokang Montjane
Bokang Montjane (born 5 May 1986) is a South African model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss South Africa 2010, becoming the official representative of her country to the Miss Universe 2011 and Miss World 2011 pageants. She also participated in Miss International 2009 and placed in the Top 16 at Miss Earth 2007, finished as one of the Top 7 finalists and named Miss World Africa at Miss World 2011. Additionally, she is the National Director for the Miss Universe  South Africa and Miss Supranational South Africa.
2018 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2018 lists the national/federal elections held in 2018 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.

2018 Malian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 29 July 2018. In July 2018, the Constitutional Court approved the nomination of 24 candidates for the election. As no candidate received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on 12 August 2018 between the top two candidates, incumbent President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta of the Rally for Mali and Soumaïla Cissé of the Union for the Republic and Democracy. Keïta was subsequently re-elected with 67% of the vote. It was the first time in Malian history that a presidential election was forced into a runoff between an incumbent and a challenger.
Tony Armas
Antonio Rafael Armas Machado (born July 2, 1953) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder from 1976 to 1989. He is the father of pitcher Tony Armas Jr. and the older brother of outfielder Marcos Armas.

Armas was one of the top power hitters in the American League in the early 1980s. Twice he led the American League in home runs, becoming the first Venezuelan player to win a Major League Baseball home run title, and topped all of MLB in runs batted in during the 1984 season. Armas was prone to injuries and went on the disabled list twelve times during his major league career, missing 302 games.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Trace radioisotope
A trace radioisotope is a radioisotope that occurs naturally in trace amounts (i.e. extremely small). Generally speaking, trace radioisotopes have half-lives that are short in comparison with the age of the Earth, since primordial nuclides tend to occur in larger than trace amounts. Trace radioisotopes are therefore present only because they are continually produced on Earth by natural processes. Natural processes which produce trace radioisotopes include cosmic ray bombardment of stable nuclides, ordinary alpha and beta decay of the long-lived heavy nuclides, thorium-232, uranium-238, and uranium-235, spontaneous fission of uranium-238, and nuclear transmutation reactions induced by natural radioactivity, such as the production of plutonium-239 and uranium-236 from neutron capture by natural uranium.

Background radiation
Background radiation is a measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources.

Background radiation originates from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial. These include both cosmic radiation and environmental radioactivity from naturally occurring radioactive materials (such as radon and radium), as well as man-made medical X-rays, fallout from nuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents.
Leone Sforza
Leone Sforza (May 1406 – July 1440) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the House of Sforza.

Born at Castelfiorentino, he was the son of Muzio Attendolo, and brother to Alessandro and Francesco Sforza, both successful military leaders and seigniors.

In 1415 he was jailed in the Castel Nuovo of Naples together with his father and his brothers. Leone fought mainly alongside Francesco, and in 1432 he escorted to Piacenza the emperor Sigismund. In 1434–1435 he fought against Niccolò Fortebraccio in Lazio and Umbria: taken prisoner, he was freed after the death of that condottiero.

Leone Sforza was killed during the siege of Caravaggio of 1440, while commanding the Venetian troops.

House of Sforza
The House of Sforza (Italian: [ˈsfɔrtsa]) was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. Sforza rule began with the family's acquisition of the Duchy of Milan following the extinction of the Visconti family in the mid-15th century and ended with the death of the last member of the family's main branch, Francesco II Sforza, in 1535.
Riseholme Hall
Riseholme Hall is an early 18th-century country house in Riseholme, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. It was designed by William Railton and is a grade II listed building

From about 1840 until 1887, it served as the official residence for the Bishop of Lincoln, and subsequently was privately owned.
 After World War II, the building was occupied by the Lindsey College of Agriculture, now known as Riseholme College, part of Bishop Burton College.

Riseholme Park and Riseholme Hall have been owned by the University of Lincoln since 1994. Riseholme College is independent of the University of Lincoln, although the college shares some facilities on the estate.

It was the birthplace of English travel writer, novelist and explorer, Rosita Forbes, née Joan Rosita Torr (16 January 1890 – 30 June 1967).

The grounds of the hall are also grade II listed.

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.
Iota Ophiuchi
ι Ophiuchi, Latinized as Iota Ophiuchi, is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus, positioned near the constellation border with Hercules. It makes a naked-eye double with nearby Kappa Ophiuchi, appearing as a faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.39. The star is approximately 245 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −19 km/s.

This object is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B8V. It is an estimated 217 million years old with a moderately high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 124 km/s. The star has 3.1 times the mass of the Sun and around 2.8 times the Sun's radius. Iota Ophiuchi is radiating 141 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,220 K. It displays an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of circumstellar material.

Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.
Studio 2 Stereo Records
Studio 2 Stereo Records is an audiophile label founded by EMI in 1965, which was first operated under EMI's Columbia label. The label was distributed in Canada by Capitol Records. The label issued easy listening and light classical music.  In 1973, the Columbia imprint was replaced by the EMI Records imprint on Studio 2 Stereo releases. It also issued quadrophonic albums in the 1970s. Its main rival was Phase 4 Stereo, operated by the British Decca Records.

Phase 4 Stereo
Phase 4 Stereo was a recording process created by the U.K. Decca Records label in 1961. The process was used on U.K. Decca recordings and also those of its American subsidiary London Records during the 1960s.

Phase 4 Stereo recordings were created with an innovative 10-channel, and later 20-channel, "recording console".

Approximately two hundred albums were released with the process, including popular music, "gimmick" records engineered to make the sound travel from speaker to speaker, records featuring percussion effects, and historical sound effect records. In 1964, a light classical Phase 4 "Concert Series" was produced. The label was a major financial success for Decca.
NMS Regele Carol I
NMS Regele Carol I was a passenger ship of the Romanian Maritime Service and later a warship of the Romanian Navy, serving as both minelayer and seaplane tender. She was completed and commissioned in 1898 and sunk in 1941, during World War II.

Seaplane tender
A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the operation of seaplanes. Some of these vessels, known as seaplane carriers, could not only carry seaplanes but also provided all the facilities needed for their operation; these ships are regarded by some as the first aircraft carriers and appeared just before the First World War.
History of radio receivers
Radio waves were first identified in German physicist Heinrich Hertz's 1887 series of experiments to prove James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. Hertz used spark-excited dipole antennas to generate the waves and micrometer spark gaps attached to dipole and loop antennas to detect them.  These precursor radio receivers were primitive devices, more accurately described as radio wave "sensors" or "detectors", as they could only receive radio waves within about 100 feet of the transmitter, and were not used for communication but instead as laboratory instruments in scientific experiments and engineering demonstrations.

Demodulation
Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a carrier wave. A demodulator is an electronic circuit (or computer program in a software-defined radio) that is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave. There are many types of signal modulation, and there are many types of demodulators. The signal output from a demodulator may represent sound (an analog audio signal), images (an analog video signal) or binary data (a digital signal).

These terms are traditionally used in connection with radio receivers, but many other systems use many kinds of demodulators. For example, in a modem, which is a contraction of the terms modulator/demodulator, a demodulator is used to extract a serial digital data stream from a carrier signal which is used to carry it through a telephone line, coaxial cable, or optical fiber.
2014 Brabantse Pijl
The 2014 Brabantse Pijl was the 54th edition of the Brabantse Pijl road cycling race. Held on 16 April 2014, it started in Leuven and ended 203 kilometres (126 mi) later in Overijse. It was a 1.HC-ranked race that was part of the 2014 UCI Europe Tour. The main difficulty in the race was caused by 26 climbs, as well as the finishing climb in on the Schavei.

The race was won by Philippe Gilbert (BMC Racing Team) in a bunch sprint. Michael Matthews (Orica–GreenEDGE) finished second and Tony Gallopin (Lotto–Belisol) third.

Brabantse Pijl (men's race)
The Brabantse Pijl (English: Brabant Arrow, French: Flèche Brabançonne or Flèche Branconne) is a Flanders Classics road bicycle race held annually in Flemish Brabant and in Walloon Brabant, Belgium. The race was organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour from 2005 to 2009, a 1.HC event from 2010 to 2019, and since 2020 has been part of the UCI ProSeries.

Zaventem used to be the city of start; in 2008 however, Leuven became the place of start. Until 2009, the finish was located in Alsemberg and, in 2010, it moved to Overijse. Also in 2010, the fixed date of the Brabantse Pijl shifted from the Sunday before the Tour of Flanders to the Wednesday before the Amstel Gold Race.

In 2011, the race was upgraded to a 1.HC event. Edwig Van Hooydonck holds the record for most wins in the race with four between 1987 and 1995.
Cigarette taxes in the United States
In the United States, cigarettes are taxed at both the federal and state levels, in addition to any state and local sales taxes and local cigarette-specific taxes. Cigarette taxation has appeared throughout American history and is still a contested issue today.

Revenue Act of 1862
The Revenue Act of 1862 (July 1, 1862, Ch. 119, 12 Stat. 432), was a bill the United States Congress passed to help fund the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln signed the act into law on July 1, 1862. The act established the office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, a department in charge of the collection of taxes, and levied excise taxes on most items consumed and traded in the United States. The act also introduced the United States' first progressive tax with the intent of raising millions of dollars for the Union.
Tony Dunne
Anthony Peter Dunne (24 July 1941 – 8 June 2020) was an Irish footballer who played as a left-back. Born in Dublin, he began his career with youth side Stella Maris before signing for Drumcondra-based Shelbourne, with whom he won the FAI Cup in his second year in the senior team in 1960. That year, he moved to England to play for Manchester United, for whom he made more than 500 appearances in 13 years, winning the First Division in 1965 and 1967, the FA Cup in 1963 and the European Cup in 1968. After being released in 1973, he signed for Bolton Wanderers, making another almost 200 appearances in six years, before playing a single season with the Detroit Express in the North American Soccer League in 1979. Dunne won 33 caps for the Republic of Ireland between 1962 and 1975, and was named Irish Footballer of the Year in 1969. After retiring, he had a brief spell as manager of Norwegian club Steinkjer FK in 1982–83.

1967–68 European Cup
The 1967–68 European Cup was the 13th European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Manchester United, who beat Benfica 4–1 in the final at Wembley Stadium, London. The European Cup title marked the tenth year since the Munich air disaster, in which eight United players were killed and their manager, Matt Busby, was left close to death, the day after earning a place in the semi-finals of the 1957–58 competition. It was also the first time an English side had won the trophy.

The away goals rule (which had already been used in the Cup Winners' Cup and the Fairs' Cup) was introduced if aggregate scores were level after two legs, but only for the first round of the competition. Extra time goals were not included in the rule.

Celtic were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Dynamo Kyiv in the first round.
Electoral district of Burwood (New South Wales)
Burwood was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales named after and including the Sydney suburb of Burwood. It was originally created in 1894, when multi-member districts were abolished, and the four member Canterbury was largely divided between Ashfield, Burwood, Canterbury, Petersham and St George. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Ryde, along with Drummoyne, Gordon and Willoughby. It was recreated in 1927, but was abolished in 1988 and partly replaced by Strathfield.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
The 1% Club (American game show)
The 1% Club is an American game show that premiered on Amazon Prime Video on May 23, 2024. Based on the British game show of the same name, each episode features 100 contestants competing to solve skill and logic-based puzzles of increasing difficulty, as gauged by a survey of Americans, for a chance to win a jackpot of up to $100,000.

Produced by Magnum Media and BBC Studios Los Angeles, in association with Amazon MGM Studios, the first season was hosted by comedian Patton Oswalt, with Amazon entering into an agreement with Fox to sublicense the series for broadcast television. In January 2025, The 1% Club was renewed by Fox for a second season with new host Joel McHale, which premiered in June 2025. A third season is set to premiere in April 2026.

The 1% Club
The 1% Club is a British game show that has aired on ITV since 9 April 2022, and is hosted by Lee Mack. The show is styled as an IQ test and the questions are not based on general knowledge, like many shows, but on "logic and common sense". The top prize achievable is £100,000.

The first series averaged 5.3 million viewers across its span of eight episodes, whilst the second series averaged 5.4 million viewers.
The Ring: Terror's Realm
The Ring: Terror's Realm (known simply as Ring (リング, Ringu) in Japan) is a survival horror video game developed and published by Asmik Ace Entertainment in Japan and published by Infogrames North America in North America. It was released for Dreamcast on February 24, 2000 in Japan and September 26 in North America (it was originally set for a June 28 release date, but was delayed for unknown reasons). It is based on the Ring series of novels by Japanese author Koji Suzuki, which also inspired the Japanese film Ring (1998) and its American remake, The Ring (2002).

Koji Suzuki
Koji Suzuki (鈴木 光司, Suzuki Kōji; born 13 May 1957) is a Japanese writer, who was born in Hamamatsu and lives in Tokyo. Suzuki is the author of the Ring novels, which have been adapted into other formats, including films, manga, TV series, and video games. He has written several books on the subject of fatherhood. His hobbies include traveling, motorcycling, as well as sailing.
Kingdoms Disdained
Kingdoms Disdained is the ninth studio album by American death metal band Morbid Angel, released on December 1, 2017, by Silver Lining Music. It is the first album since 2003's Heretic to feature Steve Tucker and the only one to feature former Abysmal Dawn drummer Scott Fuller. It is also the first to not feature David Vincent, Destructhor and Tim Yeung since 2011's Illud Divinum Insanus, as all three members left the band in 2015. A music video was made for "Garden of Disdain".

Illud Divinum Insanus
Illud Divinum Insanus is the eighth studio album by American death metal band Morbid Angel, released on June 7, 2011 by Season of Mist. The album marks a shift in the band's sound, incorporating elements of industrial metal. It is Morbid Angel's first album since Heretic (2003), the band's longest gap to date between studio albums. This is the only Morbid Angel album to feature guitarist Destructhor and drummer Tim Yeung, making it their first not to feature Pete Sandoval, who was recovering from surgery. It is also the band's only album to feature bassist/vocalist David Vincent since he rejoined in 2004.
Łężczok nature reserve
Łężczok nature reserve (known as Łężczak until 2015) is a water nature reserve located in the Silesian Voivodeship, Racibórz County, situated between Racibórz, Nędza, Zawada Książęca, and Babice. It is part of the Rudy Landscape Park. The reserve is home to a rich variety of fauna and flora, including over half of the bird species found in Poland. Two hiking trails and one cycling route pass through the reserve. It has held the status of a nature reserve since 23 January 1957.

Initially, the reserve covered an area of 396.21 hectares; however, it has been expanded several times, most recently in 2015, to its current size of 477.38 hectares.

The reserve is located within the jurisdiction of the Rudy Raciborskie Forest District. It is overseen by the Regional Nature Conservation Officer in Katowice. While the reserve does not have a formal protection plan, conservation tasks are in place that ensure the area is subject to active protection.

Nuphar lutea
Nuphar lutea, the yellow water-lily, is an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae, native to northern temperate and some subtropical regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. This species was used as a food source and in medicinal practices from prehistoric times with potential research and medical applications going forward.: 30
2006 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2006 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 97th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 11 December 2005. The championship began on 6 May 2006 and ended on 4 February 2007.

This was the first championship to feature relegation, with Nemo Rangers becoming the first team to suffer relegation after losing their championship proper games and two play-off games.

On 10 September 2006, Ballymartle won the championship after a 1–23 to 1–19 defeat of Carrigaline in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. It remains their only championship title in the grade.

Nemo Rangers' James Masters was the championship's top scorer with 1-31.

1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 1 August 1909 and ended on 31 October 1909.

On 31 October 1909, Carrigtwohill won the championship following a 3–15 to 2–00 defeat of Bandon in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Manjoor (village)
Manjoor is a village located in the northern part of the Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India. It lies approximately 20 kilometers north of the district capital, Kottayam, and is situated along the Kottayam–Vaikom bus route. Manjoor is in close proximity to the towns of Kuravilangad, Ettumanoor, and Kaduthuruthy.

Kaduthuruthy
Kaduthuruthy is a town in Kottayam District in the state of Kerala, India. The State Highway 15 connecting Ettumanoor to Vyttila passes through the town.The town is located 27 km from Kottayam, the district headquarters. The Vaikom Road Railway Station situated 3 km from the town.
Abraham Ancer
Abraham Ancer (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈβɾan ˈanseɾ]; born 27 February 1991) is an American-Mexican professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and is currently playing on the LIV Golf tour. He won the 2018 Emirates Australian Open and the 2021 WGC-FedEx St. Jude Invitational for his first PGA Tour career victory. In 2024 he won the LIV Golf Hong Kong for his first individual win on the LIV Golf Tour.

2018 World Cup of Golf
The 2018 World Cup of Golf (known as the 2018 ISPS Handa Melbourne World Cup of Golf for sponsorship reasons) was a golf tournament that was played from 22 to 25 November at Metropolitan Golf Club in South Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia. It was the 59th World Cup. The format is 72-hole stroke play; the first and third days were four-ball (best ball), and the second and fourth days were foursomes (alternate shot) play.

The Belgian pair of Thomas Pieters and Thomas Detry won with a score of 265, 23-under-par. Australia and Mexico tied for second place, three strokes behind. It was Belgium's first  victory in the World Cup.