hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tawfiq Ziad
Tawfiq Ziad (Arabic: توفيق زيّاد, romanized: Tawfīq Ziyyād; Hebrew: תאופיק זיאד, romanized: Ta'ufík Ziyád; 7 May 1929 – 5 July 1994), also romanized Tawfik Zayyad or Tawfeeq Ziad, was a Palestinian politician, poet, and activist who served in Israel's Knesset. He is best known for his advocacy on behalf of Palestinian citizens of Israel.

Mayor of Nazareth
The Mayor of Nazareth is the head of the executive branch of the political system in Nazareth, Israel. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property, most public agencies, and enforces city and state laws. The term of office is five years.

The municipality was established for the first time in 1875, during the Ottoman Empire period, and since then it has had twelve mayors, including eight after the establishment of the State of Israel, in addition to three temporary committees in three different periods.
Panga Cliff
Panga Cliff (Estonian: Panga pank; also Mustjala Cliff, Mustjala pank) is a coastal cliff located on the northern shore of Saaremaa, at the end of the road from Kuressaare to Võhma, close to the village of Panga. It is the highest of the Saaremaa and Muhu cliffs, reaching a height of 20 meters (66 ft). The entire cliff is approximately 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) long.

Panga Cliff consists of at least three terraces. In addition to the main cliff, there is a smaller cliff located further inland, as well as an underwater cliff with height of about 10 to 12 meters (33 to 39 ft) jutting a few hundred meters into the sea.

Kuressaare
Kuressaare (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkureˈsˑɑːre]) is a city on the island Saaremaa in Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saaremaa Municipality and the seat of Saare County. Kuressaare is the westernmost town in Estonia. The recorded population on 1 January 2024 was 13,185.

The city is situated on the southern coast of Saaremaa, facing the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, and is served by the Kuressaare Airport, Roomassaare harbour, and Kuressaare yacht harbour.
Strathearn, Edmonton
Strathearn is a roughly triangular shaped residential neighbourhood in south central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Most of the development in Strathearn dates to the 1940s and 1950s.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the south west by Connors Road, on the east by 85 Street, and on the north west by the North Saskatchewan River valley. To the north, it overlooks the North Saskatchewan River valley and the river valley neighbourhood of Cloverdale. To the east is the neighbourhood of Holyrood, and to the south west is the neighbourhood of Bonnie Doon. To the south east is the neighbourhood of Idylwyle. Bonnie Doon Shopping Centre and Whyte Avenue are located a short distance to the south of the neighbourhood.

Strathearn is best known for the popular Strathearn Art Walk.

North Saskatchewan River
The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan, where it joins with the South Saskatchewan River to make up the Saskatchewan River. Its water flows into the Hudson Bay via Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River.

The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Dictyocaulidae
Dictyocaulidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Rhabditida.

Genera:

Borrellostrongylus Gutiérrez, 1945

Bronchonema Mönnig, 1932

Cardiostrongylus Sakamoto & Malgor, 1995

Dictyocaulus Railliet & Henry, 1907

Mertensinema Sharpilo, 1976

Rhabditida
Rhabditida is an order of nematodes that can be found as free-living organisms, parasites, or microbivores living in soil.

The Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae, Steinernematidae, and Strongyloididae seem to be closer to the Tylenchia, regardless of whether these are merged with the Rhabditia or not.
Providence Portland Medical Center
Providence Portland Medical Center, located at 4805 NE Glisan St. in the North Tabor neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, is a full-service medical center specializing in cancer and cardiac care. Opened in 1941, the hospital is licensed for 483 beds, and has over 3,000 employees. There are approximately 1,000 physicians on staff. The campus is also home to Providence Child Center, a 58-bed facility dedicated exclusively to medically fragile children. Providence Portland Medical Center is part of the Providence Health & Services in Oregon. Providence Portland Medical Center is one of four nursing magnet hospitals in Oregon, the others being Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Veterans Affairs hospital, and OHSU Hospital in Portland.

Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Oregon)
Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Portland VA) is a 160-bed, acute care medical facility opened in 1929 by the Oregon Department of Veterans' Affairs, located on Marquam Hill in Portland, adjacent to Oregon Health & Sciences University, and is connected to Oregon Health & Science University Hospital via a skybridge. The original hospital was replaced in the 1980s and had a capacity of up-to 478 beds.
France national football team manager
The France national football team manager was first established on 25 April 1964 following the appointment of the country's first national football team manager Henri Guérin. Before this, the France national football team was selected by a selection committee, a process in which the French Football Federation would select coaches and trainers from within the country or abroad to prepare the side for single games and tournaments, but with all decisions ultimately remaining under the control of the committee.

Henri Guérin (footballer)
Henri Lucien Guérin (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi lysjɛ̃ ɡeʁɛ̃]; 27 August 1921 – 2 April 1995) was a French football player, who played as a defender, and a manager. He coached the France national team at the 1966 FIFA World Cup.
Sitticini
The Sitticini are a tribe of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The tribe has been divided into two subtribes, Aillutticina, with five Neotropical genera, and Sitticina, with five genera from Eurasia and the Americas. One genus is unplaced within the tribe. The taxonomy of the tribe has been subject to considerable uncertainty. It was clarified in 2020.

Attinella
Attinella is a genus of North American jumping spiders. It was first described by Nathan Banks in 1905 based on the type species Attinella dorsata (originally Attus dorsatus). As of March 2022 it contains only three species: A. concolor, A. dorsata, and A. juniperi. It was synonymized with Sitticus from 1979 to 2017, when the genus Sittiab was split from Sitticus by Prószyński in 2017, and Attinella was recognized as its senior synonym.
Languages of the Solomon Islands
Over 70 languages are spoken in the Solomon Islands (archipelago) which covers a broader area than the nation state of Solomon Islands, and includes the island of Bougainville, which is an autonomous province of Papua New Guinea (PNG). The lingua franca of the Solomon Islands proper is Pijin (whereas the lingua franca of Bougainville is Tok Pisin) and the official language in both countries is English.

Oceanic languages
The Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are estimated to have only two million native speakers. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc").
Central Otago Great Easter Bunny Hunt
The Central Otago Great Easter Bunny Hunt is an annual rabbit cull held every Easter in and around Alexandra, New Zealand, since the early 1990s. It is organised by Alexandra Lions Club and convened by Dave Ramsay. Central Otago is an area of New Zealand where rabbits are a non-native, invasive, serious problem with no natural predators, and land owners have a legal obligation to control them. In 2016, "the Otago Regional Council budget[ed] 2200 hours a year for biosecurity officers to police this, and in 2013, one landowner was taken to court over excessive rabbits."

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as viral hemorrhagic disease (VHD), is a highly infectious and lethal form of viral hepatitis that affects European rabbits. Some viral strains also affect hares and cottontail rabbits. Mortality rates generally range from 70 to 100 percent. The disease is caused by strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), a lagovirus in the family Caliciviridae.
Kuk Gumbaz Mosque (Shahrisabz)
Kuk Gumbaz Mosque is an architectural monument located in Shahrisabz, Qashqadaryo Region, Uzbekistan. The mosque was built between 1434 and 1435 by  Ulug Beg Mirzo for his father Shah Rukh Mirzo.
Historical inscriptions with the names of the Timurids and the time of construction have been preserved in the porch of the mosque.

Qashqadaryo Region
Qashqadaryo Region is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the south-eastern part of the country in the basin of the river Qashqadaryo and on the western slopes of the Pamir-Alay mountains. It borders with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Samarqand Region, Bukhara Region and Surxondaryo Region. It covers an area of 28,570 km2. The population is an estimated 3,408,345 (2022), with 57% living in rural areas. The regional capital is Qarshi (278,300 inhabitants).
TRPV3
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3, also known as TRPV3, is a human gene encoding the protein of the same name.

The TRPV3 protein belongs to a family of nonselective cation channels that function in a variety of processes, including temperature sensation and vasoregulation. The thermosensitive members of this family are expressed in subsets of human sensory neurons that terminate in the skin, and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. This channel is activated at temperatures between 22 and 40 degrees C. The gene lies in close proximity to another family member (TRPV1) gene on chromosome 17, and the two encoded proteins are thought to associate with each other to form heteromeric channels.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
Paul Otto Geibel
Paul Otto Geibel (10 June 1898 – 12 November 1966) was a German SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of police who served as the last SS and Police Leader (SSPF) "Warsaw" during the Second World War. He was involved in suppressing the Warsaw Uprising and in the subsequent destruction of the city. At the end of the war, he was convicted of war crimes and committed suicide while serving a life sentence in Poland.

Brigadeführer
Brigadeführer (German: [bʁiˈɡaːdəfyːʁɐ], lit. 'brigade leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945.  It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as Untergruppenführer in late 1929 and 1930.
Method of moments (statistics)
In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters. The same principle is used to derive higher moments like skewness and kurtosis.

It starts by expressing the population moments (i.e., the expected values of powers of the random variable under consideration) as functions of the parameters of interest. Those expressions are then set equal to the sample moments. The number of such equations is the same as the number of parameters to be estimated. Those equations are then solved for the parameters of interest. The solutions are estimates of those parameters.

The method of moments was introduced by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1887 in the proof of the central limit theorem. The idea of matching empirical moments of a distribution to the population moments dates back at least to Karl Pearson.

Moment (mathematics)
Moments of a function in mathematics are certain quantitative measures related to the shape of the function's graph. For example, if the function represents mass density, then the zeroth moment is the total mass, the first moment (normalized by total mass) is the center of mass, and the second moment is the moment of inertia. If the function is a probability distribution, then the first moment is the expected value, the second central moment is the variance, the third standardized moment is the skewness, and the fourth standardized moment is the kurtosis.

For a distribution of mass or probability on a bounded interval, the collection of all the moments (of all orders, from 0 to ∞) uniquely determines the distribution (Hausdorff moment problem). The same is not true on unbounded intervals (Hamburger moment problem).

In the mid-nineteenth century, Pafnuty Chebyshev became the first person to think systematically in terms of the moments of random variables.
Radoniq lake
Radoniq Lake (Albanian: Liqeni i Radoniqit; Serbian: Радоњићко језеро/Radonjićko jezero) is a lake in Kosovo. After Gazivoda Lake, it is the second largest in the country at 5.62 km2.

Before the lake was created in the 1980s, there was a village here, named Radoniq. The lake started to be filled with water in March 1983, supplied by the rivers Lumbardhi i Deçanit and Përrua i Ratishit.

In 1998, the lake was the site of the Lake Radonjić massacre.

Gazivoda Lake
Gazivoda Lake (Serbian: Језеро Газиводе) or Ujman Lake (Albanian: Liqeni i Ujmanit), is an artificial lake in Kosovo and Serbia. Gazivoda Lake has an area of 12 km2 (4.6 sq mi) of which 9.2 km2 (3.6 sq mi) reside in North Kosovo and 2.7 km2 (1.0 sq mi) in Serbia. The lake is formed by the damming of the Ibar River.
Pino d'Asti
Pino d'Asti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Asti.

Pino d'Asti borders the following municipalities: Albugnano, Castelnuovo Don Bosco, and Passerano Marmorito.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
Neodymium(III) chloride
Neodymium(III) chloride or neodymium trichloride is a chemical compound of neodymium and chlorine with the formula NdCl3.  This anhydrous compound is a mauve-colored solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to air to form a purple-colored hexahydrate, NdCl3·6H2O. Neodymium(III) chloride is produced from minerals monazite and bastnäsite using a complex multistage extraction process. The chloride has several important applications as an intermediate chemical for production of neodymium metal and neodymium-based lasers and optical fibers. Other applications include a catalyst in organic synthesis and in decomposition of waste water contamination, corrosion protection of aluminium and its alloys, and fluorescent labeling of organic molecules (DNA).

Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl, also written as [NH4]Cl. It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and chloride anions Cl−. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as salammoniac. The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice. It is a product of the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia.
Rowena Guanzon
Maria Rowena Amelia Villena Guanzon (Tagalog pronunciation: [rɔˈwena ˈgwanzon], born August 29, 1957), is a Filipina lawyer, public servant and politician who notably served as Philippine Commission on Elections commissioner from 2015 to 2022 under President Benigno Aquino III and President Rodrigo Duterte. She had been an audit commissioner before taking office at the Philippine Commission on Elections in February 2015.

Guanzon was mayor of Cadiz in Negros Occidental until 1992, and also served as chief of staff to Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago.

Guanzon is a prominent critic of the administration of President Bongbong Marcos.

University of the Philippines College of Law
The University of the Philippines College of Law (often referred to as UP Law) is the law school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Formally established in 1911 in UP Manila, it is the third oldest continually-operating law school in the Philippines. Since 1948, it has been based in UP Diliman in Quezon City, the flagship of the UP System's eight constituent universities. The college also holds extension classes at the Bonifacio Global City campus of UP Diliman in Taguig and the Iloilo City campus of UP Visayas.

UP Law is noted for having produced the largest number of bar topnotchers and maintaining one of the highest bar passing rates among law schools in the Philippines.
Khojivank Pantheon of Tbilisi
The Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi, also known as Khojivank (Georgian: ხოჯივანქი Khojivank'i; Armenian: Խոջիվանք) or Khojavank (Armenian: Խոջավանք), is an architectural complex in north-eastern part of the Avlabari district of Tbilisi, Georgia. It occupies part of the site of the destroyed cemetery of Khojavank and contains the relocated tombstones of some of the notable Armenian writers, artists and public figures that were buried there.

Khojavank formerly consisted of a huge memorial cemetery and the Holy Mother of God Armenian Church (St. Astvatsatsin church). The church and most part of the cemetery was destroyed in 1937, and most of the remaining part of the cemetery was destroyed between 1995 and 2004 during the construction of the Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi (also known as Sameba Cathedral). The tiny part that remains, together with some relocated gravestones, is preserved as the Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi.

Bebutov
The House of Bebutov (Armenian: Բեհբութեան, romanized: Behbut’ean, Russian: Бебутовы, Bebutovy) was a Georgian and Russian noble family of Armenian ethnicity which played an important role in the economical and social life of the city of Tiflis (Tbilisi) throughout the 17th and 18th century, and later served in the military of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.
WXLO
WXLO (104.5 FM; "104.5 XLO") is a hot adult contemporary radio station owned by Cumulus Media, licensed to Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and serving the Worcester and Boston markets. The station broadcasts on the FM band on a frequency of 104.5 MHz. The studio is located in downtown Worcester, and its main transmission tower is located in the Leominster State Forest in Leominster; three other repeaters boost the signal on the same frequency throughout Greater Boston.

Cumulus Media
Cumulus Media, Inc. is a broadcasting company of the United States and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States ahead of Audacy and behind iHeartMedia. As of June 2019, Cumulus lists ownership of 428 stations in 87 media markets. It also owns and operates Westwood One. Its headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Its subsidiaries include Cumulus Broadcasting LLC, Cumulus Licensing LLC and Broadcast Software International Inc.
Graph toughness
In graph theory, toughness is a measure of the connectivity of a graph.  A graph G is said to be t-tough for a given real number t if, for every integer k > 1, G cannot be split into k different connected components by the removal of fewer than tk vertices. For instance, a graph is 1-tough if the number of components formed by removing a set of vertices is always at most as large as the number of removed vertices. The toughness of a graph is the maximum t for which it is t-tough; this is a finite number for all finite graphs except the complete graphs, which by convention have infinite toughness.

Graph toughness was first introduced by Václav Chvátal (1973). Since then there has been extensive work by other mathematicians on toughness; the recent survey by Bauer, Broersma & Schmeichel (2006) lists 99 theorems and 162 papers on the subject.

Cycle graph
In graph theory, a cycle graph or circular graph is a graph that consists of a single cycle, or in other words, some number of vertices (at least 3, if the graph is simple) connected in a closed chain. The cycle graph with n vertices is called Cn. The number of vertices in Cn equals the number of edges, and every vertex has degree 2; that is, every vertex has exactly two edges incident with it.

Cycle graph  is an isolated loop. Cycle graph  is the same as complete graph .
Ullinjas
Ullinjas is a village in the former municipality of Otllak in Berat County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Berat.

It was formerly known as Virjon, or Virion (Albanian definite form: Virjoni, Virioni) from where the Vrioni family derived its name.

Municipalities of Albania
Municipalities (Albanian: bashki or bashkitë) are the second-level administrative divisions of Albania, below the counties and above the communes. Since the most recent administrative reforms in 2014, Albania has 61 municipalities.
Phi2 Orionis
Phi2 Orionis is a star in the constellation Orion, where it forms a small triangle on the celestial sphere with the nearby Meissa and Phi1 Orionis. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.081. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 28.67 mas, it is located around 114 light-years from the Sun.

This is an evolved G-type star of stellar classification G8 III-IV, which means that it is in an evolutionary stage between a subgiant (IV) and a giant star (III). It is estimated to be 6.9 billion years old, has 1.07 times the mass of the Sun, but has expanded to 8 times the Sun's radius. The star shines with 30 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,700 K.

Orion (constellation)
Orion is a prominent set of stars visible during winter in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the 88 modern constellations; it was among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century AD/CE astronomer Ptolemy. It is named after a hunter in Greek mythology.

Orion is most prominent during winter evenings in the Northern Hemisphere, as are five other constellations that have stars in the Winter Hexagon asterism. Orion's two brightest stars, Rigel (β) and Betelgeuse (α), are both among the brightest stars in the night sky; both are supergiants and slightly variable. There are a further six stars brighter than magnitude 3.0, including three making the short straight line of the Orion's Belt asterism. Orion also hosts the radiant of the annual Orionids, the strongest meteor shower associated with Halley's Comet, and the Orion Nebula, one of the brightest nebulae in the sky.