hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Non-native pronunciations of English
Non-native pronunciations of English result from the common linguistic phenomenon in which non-native speakers of any language tend to transfer the intonation, phonological processes and pronunciation rules of their first language into their English speech. They may also create innovative pronunciations not found in the speaker's native language.

Open back unrounded vowel
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɑ⟩. The letter ⟨ɑ⟩ is called script a or handwritten a because it lacks the extra hook on top of a printed letter a, which corresponds to a different vowel, the open front unrounded vowel. Script a, which has a full length linear stroke on its right, should not be confused with turned script a, ⟨ɒ⟩, which has the linear stroke on its left and corresponds to a rounded version of this vowel, the open back rounded vowel.

The open back unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the pharyngeal approximant [ʕ̞].
Living Staff Living Wage
The Living Staff Living Wage campaign is an umbrella term for the organised workers behind industrial actions at Picturehouse Cinemas in the United Kingdom since 2014.

It is an expansion of the ongoing Ritzy Living Wage campaign, initiated by BECTU union members at the Ritzy Cinema in Brixton, London. Since 2016, there have been coordinated strike actions across five other Picturehouse cinemas, Hackney, Piccadilly Central, Crouch End, Brighton Duke of York's and East Dulwich.

Brixton
Brixton is an area of South London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Brixton experienced a rapid rise in population during the 19th century as communications with central London improved.

Brixton is mainly residential, though includes Brixton Market and a substantial retail sector. It is a multi-ethnic community, with a large percentage of its population of Afro-Caribbean descent. It lies within Inner London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill, Balham and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of Lambeth London Borough Council.

Brixton is 2.7 mi (4.3 km) south-southeast from the geographical centre of London (measuring to a point near Brixton Underground station on the Victoria line).
Vladislav Stoyanov
Vladislav Boykov Stoyanov (Bulgarian: Владислав Бойков Стоянов; born 8 June 1987) is a Bulgarian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Stoyanov began his youth career with Metalurg Pernik before transferring to CSKA Sofia in 2000, where he developed in their academy. In 2004, he left CSKA to sign first professional contract with Naftex Burgas. Stoyanov then spent a three-and-a-half seasons at Chernomorets Burgas. In 2010, he joined Sheriff Tiraspol where he won two Moldovan National Division titles and one Moldovan Cup. After success in Moldova, Stoyanov moved back to Bulgaria to play for Ludogorets Razgrad. He was named 2014 Bulgarian Footballer of the Year.

In March 2017 he received a heavy injury while training with Bulgaria and returned at the end of 2019, but was forced to retire two years later, aged 34, due to ongoing problems.

Bulgaria national football team
The Bulgaria national football team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по футбол, romanized: Bǎlgarski natsionalen otbor po futbol) represents Bulgaria in men's international football, and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Bulgaria's best achievements are reaching the final at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the fourth-place finish at the FIFA World Cup in 1994. Bulgaria have competed at a total of seven World Cups, debuting in 1962 and last appearing in 1998. In addition, they have participated in two European Championships, in 1996 and 2004, the latter marking their most recent major tournament appearance. The team has also competed at and won three titles in the Balkan Cup.
Tai Noi script
The Tai Noi (Thai: อักษรไทน้อย, RTGS: akson thai noi; Lao: ອັກສອນລາວບູຮານ, RTGS: akson lao buhan) also spelled Thai Noi or Lao Buhan script is a Brahmic script that has historically been used in Laos and Isan since about 1500 CE. The contemporary Lao script is a direct descendant and has preserved the basic letter shapes. The script has mostly dropped out of use in the Isan region of Thailand, due to the Thaification policies of the Thai government, that imposed Central Thai culture such as the Thai script throughout the country.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Gmina Chotcza
Gmina Chotcza is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Chotcza, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Lipsko and 123 km (76 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 88.82 square kilometres (34.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,601.

Lipsko County
Lipsko County (Polish: powiat lipski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is Lipsko, which lies 127 kilometres (79 mi) south of Warsaw. The only other town in this county is Solec nad Wisłą.

The county covers an area of 747.58 square kilometres (288.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 34,028, out of which the population of Lipsko is 5,501 and the rural population is 28,527.
Passive transport
Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. Instead of using cellular energy, like active transport, passive transport relies on the second law of thermodynamics to drive the movement of substances across cell membranes. Fundamentally, substances follow Fick's first law, and move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration because this movement increases the entropy of the overall system. The rate of passive transport depends on the permeability of the cell membrane, which, in turn, depends on the organization and characteristics of the membrane lipids and proteins. The four main kinds of passive transport are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, and/or osmosis.

Passive transport follows Fick's first law.

Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. That is, the goal of bioenergetics is to describe how living organisms acquire and transform energy in order to perform biological work. The study of metabolic pathways is thus essential to bioenergetics. Bioenergetics bridges physics, chemistry, and biology, providing an integrated framework for understanding how life captures, stores, and channels energy to sustain itself. Insights into energy transformation and regulation in cells continue to influence advances in science and technology
2003 Heineken Open
The 2003 Heineken Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It was the 36th edition of the tournament and was held from 6 January through 12 January 2003. Fourth-seeded Gustavo Kuerten won the singles title.

2003 ATP Tour
The 2003 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2003 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Joseph Pardo (hazzan)
Joseph Pardo (c. 1624 – 1677) was an English hazzan. He appears to have gone to London from Amsterdam, where his father, David, was a rabbi. He wrote "Shulhan Tahor," a compendium of the first two parts of Joseph Caro's Shulhan 'Aruk, which was edited by his son, David, and printed at Amsterdam in 1686, dedicated to the "Kaal Kados De Londres" (Holy Community of London), but with an approbation from the bet din of Amsterdam. The book has been reprinted several times: Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1696, and, with notes by Moses Isserles, 1713; and Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1704.

Hazzan Pardo was married and had two children: Rachel (married Isaac, son of Emanuel Baruch) and the above-mentioned Rabbi David (married Esther Abenatar).

Hazzan Pardo died in August, 1677, at Amsterdam and was buried in the same grave as his grandfather, Rabbi Joseph Pardo, at Beth Haim of Ouderkerk aan de Amstel.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Abnormal growths of the nailbed
Abnormal growths of the nailbed may often present with paronychia, ingrown nail, onycholysis, nail-plate dystrophy, longitudinal erythronychia, bleeding, and discolorations. There are various different types of growths that may occur in or overlying the nail matrix and in the nailbed. Symptoms can often include pain, itching, and throbbing. Growths are regarded as tumors, then subdivided into benign vs malignant.

Ingrown nail
An ingrown nail, also known as onychocryptosis, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), meaning "nail", and κρυπτός (kruptós), meaning "hidden", is a common form of nail disease. It is an often painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the paronychium or nail bed. While ingrown nails can occur in the nails of both the hands and the feet, they occur most commonly with the toenails (as opposed to fingernails).

A common misconception is that the cause of an ingrown toenail is the nail growing into the paronychium, but it can also be caused by overgrown toe skin. The condition is caused by a microbial inflammation of the paronychium causing a granuloma within which the nail is buried. A true ingrown toenail is caused by actual penetration of flesh by a sliver of toenail.
Balaoan
Balaoan, officially the Municipality of Balaoan (Ilocano: Ili ti Balaoan; Filipino: Bayan ng Balaoan), is a coastal municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 40,440 people.

Pangasinan people
The Pangasinan people (Pangasinan: Totoon Pangasinan), also known as Pangasinense, are an ethnolinguistic group native to the Philippines. Numbering 1,823,865 in 2010, they are the tenth largest ethnolinguistic group in the country. In the 2020 census Pangasinan speaking households made up roughly 1.3% of Philippine households. They live mainly in their native province of Pangasinan and the adjacent provinces of La Union and Tarlac, as well as Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya. Smaller groups are found elsewhere in the Philippines and worldwide in the Filipino diaspora.
Rheinmetall RMG.50
The RMG.50 is a German heavy machine gun under development by Rheinmetall.

The RMG.50 machine gun is under development by the company under contract to the Bundeswehr as a replacement for the Browning M2HB recoil-operated heavy machine gun of the same calibre. According to a company representative, work on the RMG.50 started in 2008 and the first firings took place at the end of 2009. A second prototype was completed and started trials in August 2010. A third prototype were delivered in 2011 for internal qualification and pre-series weapons were delivered to the German Ministry of Defence test authority in 2012. The weapon entered service with the German Bundeswehr in 2014.

Due to its weight and need for external power source it is currently only mounted on vehicles, such as the Puma .

Rheinmetall
Rheinmetall AG (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnmeˌtal]) is a German automotive and arms manufacturer, headquartered in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The group was promoted to the DAX, Germany's leading stock market index, in March 2023. It is the largest German and fifth-largest European arms manufacturer, and produces a variety of armored fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, in both wheeled and tracked versions, as well as warships through Blohm+Voss. It also manufactures artillery, air defense systems, anti-tank weapons and ammunition. Its name is derived from the German-language words Rhein and Metall, translating to "Rhine-metal" when combined.
Save A Lot
Save A Lot Food Stores Ltd. is an American discount supermarket chain store headquartered in St. Ann, Missouri, in Greater St. Louis. It has about 720 independently owned and operated stores across 32 states in the United States with over $2.6 billion in annual sales.

Stores carry most grocery products, with an assortment of fresh, canned and frozen produce, meat, meal products, household items and everyday groceries. Save A Lot grocery stores sell national brands and private label brands at a discounted price. A typical Save A Lot grocery store is 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) with items displayed in their cardboard shipping boxes.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Maneuvering speed
In aviation, the maneuvering speed of an aircraft is an airspeed limitation at which the full deflection of the controls can be made at without risking structural damage.

The maneuvering speed of an aircraft is shown on a cockpit placard and in the aircraft's flight manual but is not commonly shown on the aircraft's airspeed indicator.

In the context of air combat maneuvering (ACM), the maneuvering speed is also known as corner speed or cornering speed.

Airspeed indicator
The airspeed indicator (ASI) or airspeed gauge is a flight instrument indicating the airspeed of an aircraft in kilometres per hour (km/h), knots (kn or kt), miles per hour (MPH) and/or metres per second (m/s). The recommendation by ICAO is to use km/h, however knots (kt) is currently the most used unit. The ASI measures the pressure differential between static pressure from the static port, and total pressure from the pitot tube. This difference in pressure is registered with the ASI pointer on the face of the instrument.
Yamaha YZE 850T
Yamaha XTR850R was a twin cylinder rally raid bike, produced from 1992 to 1993 with the specific task of winning the Dakar Rally, winning in both years with Stéphane Peterhansel.

After a rule change for 1994 requiring production-based motorcycles, Yamaha produced the XTR850R based on the YZE using the production engine from the TDM850 and sold it to privateers for 140,000 french francs (approximately 3 million yen at the exchange rate of the time). The XTR850R won the Dakar a further four times from 1995 to 1998 (three times with Peterhansel and once with Edi Orioli).

Yamaha TDM850
The Yamaha TDM is an 849 cc DOHC parallel-twin motorcycle that heralded the modern "Sport touring" category.  The TDM was first manufactured by the Yamaha Motor Company of Japan in 1991.  The TDM has a pressed-steel frame and a dry sump engine with five valves per cylinder, (three inlet and two exhaust).
Riverland Mallee Important Bird Area
The Riverland Mallee Important Bird Area  comprises a 12,200 square kilometres (4,700 square miles) tract of mallee habitat and riverine woodland extending from near Waikerie in the Riverland region in eastern South Australia north-eastwards into south-western New South Wales.

Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands is one of 32 Major Vegetation Groups defined by the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy and one of the 189 habitats in the HOTW habitats of the World classification.
WGOW (AM)
WGOW (1150 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Chattanooga, Tennessee.  It is owned by Cumulus Media, and broadcasts a news/talk format.  Cumulus also owns 102.3 WGOW-FM, which simulcasts some shows shared with 1150 WGOW, but has its own schedule most of the day.  The radio studios and offices are on Pineville Drive in Chattanooga.

By day, WGOW transmits with 5,000 watts non-directional, but at night, to avoid interfering with other stations on 1150 AM, WGOW reduces power to 1,000 watts and uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array.  The transmitter is on Daugherty Lane in Chattanooga's Moccasin Bend neighborhood, near the Tennessee River.

Cumulus Media
Cumulus Media, Inc. is a broadcasting company of the United States and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States ahead of Audacy and behind iHeartMedia. As of June 2019, Cumulus lists ownership of 428 stations in 87 media markets. It also owns and operates Westwood One. Its headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Its subsidiaries include Cumulus Broadcasting LLC, Cumulus Licensing LLC and Broadcast Software International Inc.
Thomas Bevan (priest)
Christianity portal

Thomas Bevan (22 March  1800 – 28 December 1863) was Archdeacon of St David's from 1833 until his death.

Bevan was born at Gwenddwr and was educated at Jesus College, Oxford. He was made deacon in 1823 and ordained priest in 1824, both times by the Bishop of Winchester. He became Rector of St Peter, Carmarthen in 1833; the same year he was collated Archdeacon of St David's, and prebendary of Meidrim in that cathedral; he also became prebendary of Llanwrthwl in the Collegiate Church of Brecon, 1853. He died at Carmarthen, aged 63.

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.
Ministry of Mines and Steel Development (Nigeria)
The Mines and Steel Development Ministry is a Nigerian ministry established in 1985 to encourage development of the country's solid mineral resources.
The Ministry formulates policy, provides information on mining potential and production, regulates operations and generates revenue for the government. Operational departments include Mining cadastre (records of mine locations, ownership etc.),
Geological survey of Nigeria,
Mines inspectorate,
Artisanal and small-scale mining and 
Mining environment.

Mining engineering
Mining engineering is the extraction of minerals from the ground. It is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer may manage any phase of mining operations, from exploration and discovery of the mineral resources, through feasibility study, mine design, development of plans, production and operations to mine closure.
Lake Pleasant, New York
Lake Pleasant is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 897 at the 2020 census. It contains the hamlet of Lake Pleasant, the county seat of Hamilton County.

The town of Lake Pleasant is within the Adirondack Park and is centrally located in the county. The town is a tourist hub, with seasonal homes comprising about three-quarters of the housing units in the area. Between Memorial Day and Labor Day, the unofficial summer season, the small town is a busy community, with many activities including a parade, fireworks, summer musical, camping, hiking, water activities, historical activities, art show, geocaching, and mountain biking.

Sacandaga Lake
Sacandaga Lake (sa-kuhn-DAH-ga) is located in the Town of Lake Pleasant in Hamilton County, New York approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Speculator. The outlet is a channel that leads to Lake Pleasant, which is the source of the Sacandaga River.

The lake covers an area of 1,608 acres (651 ha), entirely within the boundaries of New York's Adirondack Park, a mean depth of 28 feet (8.5 m), and a maximum depth greater than 50 feet (15 m). It lies at an altitude of 1,725 feet (526 m).

Moffitt Beach State Campground is a popular camping site on the lake.
Severan Bridge
The Severan Bridge (also known as Chabinas Bridge or Cendere Bridge or Septimius Severus Bridge; Turkish: Cendere Köprüsü) is a Roman bridge constructed c. 200 CE located near the ancient city of Arsameia (today Eskikale), 55 km (34 mi) north east of Adıyaman in southeastern Turkey. It spans the Cendere Çayı (Chabinas Creek), a tributary of Kâhta Creek, on provincial road 02-03 from Kâhta to Sincik in Adıyaman Province. This bridge was described and pictured in 1883 by archeologists Osman Hamdi Bey and Osgan Efendi. It has a photo and description in David George Hogarth's Wandering Scholar.

Arsameia
Arsameia on the Nymphaios (Armenian: Արշամաշատ, romanized: Arshamashat; Turkish: Eski Kale – "Old Castle") is an ancient city located in Old Kâhta (Eski Kâhta) in Kâhta district, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The site is near Kâhtaçay, known in ancient times as Nymphaios. Arsameia was a royal seat of the kingdom of Commagene. It is best known for the Hierothesion of King Mithridates I Kallinikos, built for him by his son and heir Antiochos I.