hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anghiari
Anghiari (Italian pronunciation: [aŋˈɡjaːri]) is a hill town and municipality (comune) in the Province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.

Bordering comuni include Arezzo (southwest), Pieve Santo Stefano (north) and Subbiano (west). It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Arezzo
Arezzo (UK: /əˈrɛtsoʊ, æˈr-/ ə-RET-soh, arr-ET-soh, US: /ɑːˈr-/ ar-ET-soh; Italian: [aˈrettso]) is a city and comune in Italy and the capital of the province of the same name located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) southeast of Florence at an elevation of 296 metres (971 ft) above sea level. As of 2022, the population was about 97,000.

Known as the city of gold and of the high fashion, Arezzo was home to artists and poets such as Giorgio Vasari, Guido of Arezzo and Guittone d'Arezzo and in its province to Renaissance artist Michelangelo. In the artistic field, the city is famous for the frescoes by Piero della Francesca inside the Basilica of San Francesco, and the crucifix by Cimabue inside the Basilica of San Domenico. The city is also known for the important Giostra del Saracino, a game of chivalry that dates back to the Middle Ages.
Parfait d'amour
Parfait d'amour (pronounced [paʁfe d‿amuːʁ]), or parfait amour, is a liqueur. It is often used in cocktails primarily for its purple colour, and is generally created from a curaçao liqueur base.

There are several versions of parfait d'amour. The House of Lucas Bols in the Netherlands claims to have originated the liqueur. Theirs appears to be a curaçao base, flavoured with rose petals, vanilla and almonds. Marie Brizard, a Bordeaux-based distiller, has a product with a similar flavor profile. Another form, produced by DeKuyper, uses a spirit as its base, and is flavoured with lemon, coriander and violets.

Guardian writer John Wright describes it as "a potent compound... It tasted like the perfume counter at Boots." He suggests a homemade version containing rose petals in a base of white rum or eau de vie, with the addition of syrups made from raspberry juice and rosehips.

Curaçao (liqueur)
Curaçao (/ˈkjʊərəsaʊ, -soʊ/ KURE-ə-sow, -⁠soh, Dutch: [kyːraːˈsʌu] ⓘ) is a liqueur flavored with the dried peel of the bitter orange variety laraha, a citrus fruit grown on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

Curaçao can be sold in numerous forms, though the most common are the orange-hued dry curaçao, and blue curaçao which is dyed bright blue.
DVB 3D-TV
DVB 3D-TV is a deprecated standard that partially came out at the end of 2010 which included techniques and procedures to send a three-dimensional video signal through actual DVB transmission standards (cable, terrestrial or satellite). There was a commercial requirement text for 3D TV broadcasters and set-top box manufacturers, but no technical information was in there.

3D television technology was already in its first steps regarding its standardization, the major 3D market was in theaters and Blu-ray Disc players with stereoscopic systems, but in the near future it could be extended to diffusion, and later free viewpoint television will come into our homes, which mean the need of new coding and transmission standards.

DVB-T
DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in February 1998. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation. It is also the format widely used worldwide (including North America) for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video and audio from a mobile newsgathering vehicle to a central receive point.
It is also used in the US by amateur television operators.
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of any immovable cultural property are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. The individual engaged in this pursuit is known as an architectural conservator-restorer. Decisions of when and how to engage in an intervention are critical to the ultimate conservation-restoration of cultural heritage. Ultimately, the decision is value based: a combination of artistic, contextual, and informational values is normally considered. In some cases, a decision to not intervene may be the most appropriate choice.

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 31st Division (第31師団, Dai-sanjūichi Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Furious Division (烈兵団, Retsu Heidan). The 31st Division was raised during World War II in Bangkok, Thailand, on March 22, 1943, out of Kawaguchi Detachment and parts of the 13th, 40th and 116th divisions. The 31st division was initially assigned to 15th army (the part of the Japanese Burma Area Army).

William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim
Field Marshal William Joseph Slim, 1st Viscount Slim (6 August 1891 – 14 December 1970), usually known as Bill Slim, was a British military commander and from 1953 to 1960, the 13th governor-general of Australia.

Slim saw active service in both the First and Second World Wars and was wounded in action three times. During the Second World War he led the Fourteenth Army, the so-called "forgotten army" in the Burma campaign. After the war he became the first British officer who had served in the Indian Army to be appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff.

In the early 1930s, Slim also wrote novels, short stories, and other publications under the pen name Anthony Mills.
Tây Sơn wars
The Tây Sơn wars or Tây Sơn rebellion, often known as the Vietnamese civil war of 1771–1802, were a series of military conflicts that followed the Vietnamese peasant uprising at Tây Sơn (in Central Vietnam) that were led by three brothers: Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ. These revolutionary forces grew and later overthrew the ruling Vietnamese elite families and the ruling Lê dynasty. The Tây Sơn leaders installed themselves as rulers of Vietnam that held power until they were overthrown by Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, a descendant of the Nguyễn lord who was previously overthrown by the Tây Sơn. The war ended in 1802 when Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (now called Emperor Gia Long) defeated the Tây Sơn and reunited Đại Việt, then renamed the country to Vietnam.

Bình Định province
Bình Định was formerly a northern coastal province in the South Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Quảng Ngãi to the north, Phú Yên to the south, Gia Lai to the west and the South China Sea to the east.

Bình Định province has an area of 6,066.40 km2 (2,342.25 mi2), comprising 11 district-level sub-divisions, with a population of over 1.5 million people as of 2023. The province is known for its scenery and beaches. There are also a number of Cham structures. Majority of the province is covered by mountains or hills. Its capital Quy Nhon served as the capital of the historic Tây Sơn dynasty. Economically the province has the most productive primary sector in the South Central Coast region, mostly because of its large output of rice, coconuts and its strong livestock, forestry and fishing sectors.

On June 12, 2025, Bình Định was incorporated into Gia Lai province.
Vardø Chapel
Vardø Chapel or Steglnes Chapel (Norwegian: Vardø kapell / Steglnes kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located on the western part of the island of Vardøya in the town of Vardø, just south of the historic Vardøhus Fortress. It is an annex chapel for the Vardø parish which is part of the Varanger prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland.

The small white chapel was built in 1908 at the site of the new parish cemetery. It has mostly been used for funerals, but more recently it has been opened up for weddings and baptisms also. Unlike most churches in Finnmark county, this one was not burned down during World War II.

Vardøya
Vardøya (Norwegian), Várggáidsuolu (Northern Sami), or Vuoreansaari (Kven) is an island in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 3.7-square-kilometre (1.4 sq mi) island is the location of the town of Vardø. The island sits about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the mainland Varanger Peninsula. The island is connected to the mainland by the Vardø Tunnel, the first subsea tunnel that was built in Norway. The tunnel is part of the European route E75 highway, which has its terminus at the town of Vardø. The small island of Hornøya (where the Vardø Lighthouse sits) is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the northeast of Vardøya.
Shobha Ram Kumawat
Shobha Ram Kumawat (7 January 1914 – 23 March 1984) was an Indian Independence activist and Politician from the Indian National Congress political party and was a Member of Parliament of the 1st Lok Sabha  and 2nd Lok Sabha representing the Alwar Parliamentary Constituency in the Rajasthan state of India.

Alwar
Alwar (Rajasthani Pronunciation: [əlʋəɾ]) is a city in Rajasthan and the administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan. It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 150 km north of Jaipur.
Randolph Bourne
Randolph Silliman Bourne (/bɔːrn/; May 30, 1886 – December 22, 1918) was a progressive writer and intellectual born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, and a graduate of Columbia University. He is considered to be a spokesman for the young radicals living during World War I. His articles appeared in journals including The Seven Arts and The New Republic. Bourne is best known for his essays, especially his unfinished work "The State," discovered after he died. From this essay, which was published posthumously and included in Untimely Papers, comes the phrase  "war is the health of the state" that laments the success of governments in  arrogating authority and resources during conflicts.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Scotch yoke
The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism) is a reciprocating motion mechanism converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion or vice versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke with a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. Given a constant rotational speed, the location of the piston versus time is simple harmonic motion, i.e., a sine wave having constant amplitude and constant frequency.

Piston
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder.
De Graft (crater)
De Graft is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2009, after Ghanaian playwright, poet, and novelist Joe de Graft.

Much of the floor of de Graft is covered in hollows.

De Graft is one of the largest craters of the Kuiperian system on Mercury. The largest is Bartók crater.

Bartók (crater)
Bartók is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Bartók is named for the Hungarian composer Béla Bartók, who lived from 1881 to 1945.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Bartók is the largest crater of the Kuiperian system on Mercury, at 118 km diameter.  It is followed by Amaral crater.

Within the central peak complex of Bartók is a dark spot of low reflectance material (LRM).  Dark spots are associated with hollows.

To the northeast of Bartók is the large basin Beethoven.  The crater Vālmiki is to the northwest of Bartók, and Gogol is to the west.
Seleucis of Syria
Seleucis of Syria (Ancient Greek: Σελευκίς τῆς Συρίας Seleukís tês Surías) was a region of the Seleucid Empire located in northern Syria. It was also known as the Syrian Tetrapolis,

on account of its four most important cities, for it had many. These four were, Antioch, Seleuceia in Pieria, Apameia, and Laodiceia (xvi. p. 749). It also comprehended, according to Strabo, four satrapies; and it is clear that he uses the name in a much wider sense than Ptolemy, who places the four cities of the tetrapolis of Strabo's Seleucis in so many separate districts; Antioch in Cassiotis, Apameia in Apamene, Laodiceia in Laodicene, while he only implies, but does not state, that Seleuceia lies in Seleucis."

The four cities had been founded by Seleucus I Nicator;

Antioch—named after his father and the largest city.

Laodiceia—after his mother.

Apameia—after his wife Apama.

Seleuceia in Pieria—eponym of Seleucus.

Laodicea in Syria
Laodicea (Ancient Greek: Λαοδίκεια) was a port city and important colonia of the Roman Empire in ancient Syria, near the modern city of Latakia. It was also called Laodicea in Syria, Laodicea-by-the-Sea (Ancient Greek: Λαοδίκεια ἡ Πάραλος) or Laodicea ad Mare.

Laodicea was founded in the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, the king and founder of the Seleucid Empire, in honor of his mother, Laodice. Laodicea later became part of the Roman Empire. During the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus, it served as the capital of Roman Syria. From 528 to 636 AD, it was the capital of the Byzantine province of Theodorias, until its siege and conquest by the Rashidun Caliphate.
Underground Railway Museum (Budapest)
The Underground Railway Museum (Hungarian: Földalatti Vasúti Múzeum [ˈføldɒlɒtːi ˈvɒʃuːti ˈmuːzɛum]), also known as the Millennium Underground Museum, is a museum located under Deák Ferenc square in the centre of the Hungarian capital city of Budapest. It is accessible from the pedestrian subway system that links the square to Deák Ferenc tér metro station and is housed in a tunnel that once carried the tracks of line M1 of the Budapest Metro.

Deák Ferenc tér
The Deák Ferenc square (Hungarian: Deák Ferenc tér, pronounced [ˈdɛaːk ˈfɛrɛnt͡s ˈteːr]), named for Ferenc Deák, is a major intersection and transport junction in Budapest. Károly körút, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út, Király utca, Deák Ferenc utca, and Harmincad utca converge here. Three lines of the Budapest Metro each converge on the station under the square.

Tram lines 47 and 49 also originate from the square, as well as several bus lines. Deák Ferenc tér is a popular gathering spot for young people. Alcoholic beverages are sold at the grassy area, and it is common for Deák Ferenc tér to be populated until the midnight hours.

Deák Tér is mentioned in Ending Theme, a song by Swedish progressive metal band Pain of Salvation.
Physics processing unit
A physics processing unit (PPU) is a dedicated microprocessor designed to handle the calculations of physics, especially in the physics engine of video games. It is an example of hardware acceleration.

Examples of calculations involving a PPU might include rigid body dynamics, soft body dynamics, collision detection, fluid dynamics, hair and clothing simulation, finite element analysis, and fracturing of objects.

The idea is having specialized processors offload time-consuming tasks from a computer's CPU, much like how a GPU performs graphics operations in the main CPU's place. The term was coined by Ageia to describe its PhysX chip. Several other technologies in the CPU-GPU spectrum have some features in common with it, although Ageia's product was the only complete one designed, marketed, supported, and placed within a system exclusively being a PPU.

Collision detection
Collision detection is the computational problem of detecting an intersection of two or more objects in virtual space. More precisely, it deals with the questions of if, when and where two or more objects intersect. Collision detection is a classic problem of computational geometry with applications in computer graphics, physical simulation, video games, robotics (including autonomous driving) and computational physics. Collision detection algorithms can be divided into operating on 2D or 3D spatial objects.
1989 Midland Group Championships
The 1989 Midland Group Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Brighton Centre in Brighton, England that was part of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the 12th edition of the Brighton International and was held from 23 October until 29 October 1989. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her third at the event after 1986 and 1988. She earned $50,000 first-prize money as well as 300 Virginia Slims ranking points.

Brighton International
The Brighton International was a tennis tournament held in Brighton, UK. It was a WTA Tour event from 1978 to 1995 and an ATP Tour event from 1996 to 2000, upon the discontinuation of the women's tournament.

The women's event was held in October. It was competed on indoor carpet courts and was a WTA Tier II event prior to being removed from the tour. The men's event was held on outdoor American green clay courts at the West Hants Tennis Club in Bournemouth from 1996 to 1999, and in Brighton, on indoor hard courts in 2000.

Steffi Graf won the tournament a record 6 times. The only British winners were Sue Barker, who defeated Mima Jaušovec in 1981; and in the men's, Tim Henman, who beat Dominik Hrbatý in the final year of play.
Ancaracra
Ancaracra or Anka Raqra (Quechua anka black-chested buzzard-eagle or eagle, raqra fissure, crack, crevice, "eagle crack (or crevice)", also spelled Ancaracra) is a mountain in the northern part of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 m (14,436 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Corongo Province, Cusca District. Ancaracra lies southwest of Gaico and southeast of Pacra.

Pacra
Pacra (possibly from Quechua p'aqra bald, paqra agave) is a mountain in the north of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, of 5,118 metres (16,791 ft) high. It is located in the Ancash Region, Corongo Province, in the north of the Cusca District.
Modern Scots
Modern Scots comprises the varieties of Scots traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster, from 1700.

Throughout its history, Modern Scots has been undergoing a process of language attrition, whereby successive generations of speakers have adopted more and more features from English, largely from the colloquial register. This process of language contact or dialectisation under English has accelerated rapidly since widespread access to mass media in English, and increased population mobility became available after the Second World War. It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift towards Scottish English, sometimes also termed language change, convergence or merger.

By the end of the twentieth century, Scots was at an advanced stage of language death over much of Lowland Scotland. Residual features of Scots are often simply regarded today as slang, especially by people from outwith Scotland, but even by many Scots.

Southern Scots
Southern Scots is the dialect (or group of dialects) of Scots spoken in the Scottish Borders counties of mid and east Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire, with the notable exception of Berwickshire and Peeblesshire, which are, like Edinburgh, part of the SE Central Scots dialect area. It may also be known as Border Scots, the Border tongue or by the names of the towns inside the South Scots area, for example Teri in Hawick from the phrase Teribus ye teri odin. Towns where Southern Scots dialects are spoken include Earlston, Galashiels (Gala or Galae), Hawick, Jedburgh (Jethart), Kelso (Kelsae), Langholm, Lockerbie, Newcastleton (Copshaw or Copshawholm), St. Boswells (Bosells) and Selkirk.
Hungarian Challenger Open
The Hungarian Challenger Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts on the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Budapest, Hungary from 2016 to 2019.

Starting in 2023, a new tournament is held in Székesfehérvár, Hungary as part of the ATP Challenger Tour under the name Kiskút Open.

Kiskút Open
The Kiskút Open, known as the Székesfehérvár Open are a series of back-to-back tournaments for professional female tennis players played on indoor clay courts. The events are classified as $100,000, $60,000 and $15,000  ITF Women's Circuit tournaments and have been held in Székesfehérvár, Hungary, since 2017.

Starting in 2023, a men's tournament was held as part of the ATP Challenger Tour until 2024.
Arabic parts
In astrology, the Arabic parts or lots are constructed points based on mathematical calculations of three horoscopic entities such as planets or angles. The distance between two of the points is added to the position of the third (very often the ascendant) to derive the location of the lot.

Paulus Alexandrinus
Paulus Alexandrinus was an astrological author from the late Roman Empire. His extant work, Eisagogika, or Introductory Matters (or Introduction), which was written in 378 AD, is a treatment of major topics in astrology as practiced in the fourth-century Roman Empire.
Besishahar
Besishahar (Nepali: बेसीशहर नगरपालिका) is a municipality and the district headquarters of Lamjung District in Gandaki Province, Nepal. The Besishahar Municipality was formed by merging the existing Village Development Committees i.e. Besishahar, Gaunshahar, Udipur, Puranakot, Nalma, Chandisthan, Baglungpani (wards no. 3, 4, 7, 8 & 9), Bajhakhet, Hiletaksar (wards no. 9) and Chiti and have 11 wards. This municipality has a sub-tropical climate with deciduous forests. Annapurna II, Machhapuchhre, Lamjung Himal can be viewed from north of Besishahar Municipality.

Nalma
Nalma  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2082 people living in 409 individual households. The villages of Nalma VDC are as follows:

Jyarkhang

Bakhrijagat

Syare, Lausibot, Kochme

Puran Gaun

Gairi Gaun

Danda Gaun

Bartu

Chodo khora

Fedi

Ramche Khola

Population by ward no. as per National Population Census 2011