hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chocolate Soldier (Parliament)
A Chocolate Soldier was a Parliamentary assistant for an opposition front bench spokesman in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, funded by the Joseph Rowntree Social Service Trust, which was endowed by the chocolate entrepreneur Joseph Rowntree.

The scheme was a pilot project to assist the opposition to carry out parliamentary duties and counteract the advantage that government ministers enjoy through briefings from civil servants, and was instigated by the trust's secretary, Pratap Chitnis.  In 1974, the scheme was given official parliamentary support through the provision of Short Money to opposition parties, announced by Edward Short on 29 July 1974.

The Rowntree Trust made a similar fund available to the opposition in the late 1980s, to assist with travel expenses.  This funding ceased in 1992, after the provision of Short Money was expanded to add a travel element.

Rowntree trusts
The four Rowntree Trusts are funded from the legacies of the Quaker chocolate entrepreneurs and social reformers Joseph Rowntree and
Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree. The trusts are based in the Rowntrees' home city of
York, England. The trusts are:

the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, a Quaker philanthropic trust;

the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (until 1968, named the Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust), which funds social policy research and development;

the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust (formed in 1968 to take over the housing operations of the Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust), which owns and manages the model village of New Earswick, and a number of other housing schemes in the York area;

the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust (until 1990, named the Joseph Rowntree Social Service Trust), which is a political body and promotes democratic reform and social justice within the UK.  Unlike the other three, it is not a charity, though it endowed the JRSST Charitable Trust.
Growth deal
Growth deals provide funds from the Government of the United Kingdom to local enterprise partnerships, for projects that benefit the local area and economy. They are promoted by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Cabinet Office, and Department for Transport. They are collaboratively funded by local government.

Regional growth deals in Scotland are administered by the Scottish Government. Whereas in Wales, they are administered by Corporate Joint Committees.

Department for Transport
The Department for Transport (DfT) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is wholly responsible for overseeing the transport network in England, and for limited transport matters that are not devolved to the governments of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The department develops national transport policy, coordinates infrastructure investment, and regulates transport services. It is headed by the Secretary of State for Transport, who is supported by a ministerial team and the Permanent Secretary as the department’s most senior civil servant.

The department’s expenditure, administration and policy are scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.
Stuart Kelly (footballer)
Stuart Kelly (born 1 August 1981) is a Scottish former footballer. He started his professional career at Rangers in 1998. A central midfielder and striker, Kelly has played for top division clubs in New Zealand, Australia and Thailand.

During his career at Auckland City FC they won the Oceania Champions League 2010/11, qualifying for the FIFA World Club Cup in Japan 2011.

Southern United FC
Southern United, previously known as Otago United, is an amateur football club based in Dunedin, New Zealand. Founded in 2004, they play their home games at the Logan Park and Forsyth Barr Stadium. It is the southernmost football club playing in a top division league in the world.
Ninoy Aquino Library and Learning Resources Center
The Ninoy Aquino Library and Learning Resources Center (NALLRC) is the library system of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines composed of libraries providing services to the PUP System. Its headquarters is in the building of the same name, located in Manila, Philippines. NALLRC offers various services and development of programs to its clientele.

The NALLRC Main Library is regarded as one of the largest libraries in Southeast Asia. The building is also home to the university's College of Law and Open University System.

Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Law
The Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Law, abbreviated as PUPCOL, is the law school of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines located in Manila, Philippines that was established in 2001. It ranks as one of the top law schools in the country in terms of percentile passing rate in the bar examination.
Mid Valley Region
The Mid Valley Region refers to the towns of Dickson City, Olyphant, Throop, and Blakely in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, US.   The area was once known for anthracite coal mining and is considered a smaller section of the Coal Region of Pennsylvania.

The Mid Valley School District only includes the towns of Olyphant, Dickson City and Throop, although it may sometimes service Archibald and some other nearby locations.

Coal Region
The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons.

The region is typically defined as comprising five Pennsylvania counties, Carbon County, Lackawanna County, Luzerne County, Northumberland County, and Schuylkill County. It is home to 910,716 people as of the 2010 census.

The Coal Region is bordered by Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties (including the Lehigh Valley) to its south; Columbia and Dauphin Counties to its west; Wyoming County to its north; and Monroe County, Pennsylvania to its east.
Yiddah
Yiddah is a locality in New South Wales, Australia. The locality is 474 kilometres (295 mi) west of the state capital, Sydney about midway between the towns of West Wyalong and Barmedman. Yiddah is in the Bland Shire local government area and Bland county cadastral area.

Yiddah railway station (Opened - 02 Dec 1903, Closed - 04 May 1975)) is on the Lake Cargelligo railway line. There is a grain silo and siding there.

Barmedman
Barmedman is a rural village in the Bland Shire in the New South Wales state of Australia, located approximately half-way between West Wyalong and Temora. Barmedman began as a service centre for gold-mining operations in the area.  Nowadays the local district has an agricultural economic base, including wheat and canola cropping and sheep grazing. It is the home of two large wheat silos with a combined capacity of over a million bushels. At the 2011 census, Barmedman had a population of 212. The township's name is derived from an Aboriginal word meaning 'long water'.
2015 Pekao Szczecin Open
The 2015 Pekao Szczecin Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Szczecin, Poland between 14 and 23 September 2015.

Szczecin Open
The Invest in Szczecin Open (formerly Pekao Szczecin Open) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ on the Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Wojska Polskiego in Szczecin, Poland, since 1993  (as a Satellite from 1993 to 1995, as a Challenger since 1996).
Frédéric Beigbeder
Frédéric Beigbeder (French: [fʁedeʁik bɛɡbede]; born 21 September 1965) is a French writer, literary critic and television presenter. He won the Prix Interallié in 2003 for his novel Windows on the World and the Prix Renaudot in 2009 for his book A French Novel. He is also the creator of the Flore and Sade Awards. In addition, he is the executive director of Lui, a French adult entertainment magazine.

Canal+ (French TV channel)
Canal+ (French: [kanal plys], meaning "Channel Plus"), also spelt Canal Plus and sometimes abbreviated C+ or Canal, is a French premium television channel owned by Canal+. The channel was launched in Paris and Issy-les-Moulineaux on November 4, 1984, and broadcasts to Metropolitan France. It broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted, but some unencrypted content can be viewed free of charge.

Canal+ was co-founded by André Rousselet and Pierre Lescure. An early pioneer was Alain de Greef, who joined in 1986.
Glasgow (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Glasgow was one of them.

Glasgow Cathcart (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Cathcart was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until 2005, when it was replaced by the larger Glasgow South constituency.

It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
The Transformers: Hearts of Steel
The Transformers: Hearts of Steel is a comic book miniseries published by IDW Publishing. It was intended to be part of a comic book line titled The Transformers: Evolutions, following the same idea of DC Comics' Elseworlds series. Each series was to create an alternative reality: a continuity in a different time era during which the Transformers would exist. In other words, the Transformers can exist at places and at points in time that would not be possible in the current 'IDW-verse'. As of 2007, only the Hearts of Steel series was produced, which is set in the United States during the Industrial Revolution. The rest of the series was cancelled, likely due to poor sales and IDW had announced that there would be no more Evolutions series until after the 2007 movie, as Hasbro did not want to make things confusing with more alternate universe tales.

Decepticon
The Decepticons are a fictional faction of sentient robots in the Transformers multimedia franchise. Serving as the main antagonists in the franchise, their goals include conquering their fictional homeworld planet Cybertron, defeating the Autobots, and achieving universal domination.
Nilay Naik
Nilay Madhukar Naik is an Indian politician who is a part of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is nephew of former Chief Minister of Maharashtra Sudhakarrao Naik & Manohar Naik. He is Grandson of former Chief Minister of Maharashtra Vasantrao Naik. On 10 July 2018, he was elected unopposed with 10 others to the Maharashtra Legislative Council.

Manohar Naik
Manohar Rajusingh Naik is an Indian politician of the Nationalist Congress Party in the state of Maharashtra. 
The Naik family has not lost the  Pusad (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Seat since 1952.

The Naik family has tremendous influence over Banjara community, a scheduled tribe, which is in significant number in Yavatmal and a deciding factor in Pusad constituency.
1918 Rose Bowl
The 1918 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a bowl game played on January 1, 1918, at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California. It was the 4th Rose Bowl Game. With America at war, the game was played with players from the Mare Island Marines of California and Camp Lewis from Washington.

Tournament Park
Tournament Park is a park and athletics venue in Pasadena, California, United States, northeast of Los Angeles. Currently maintained by the California Institute of Technology, it was simply known as the "town lot" before being renamed "Tournament Park" in 1900. Tournament Park gets its name from the Tournament of Roses, and it served as a venue in the early 20th century for events associated with the Tournament, such as chariot races, ostrich races, and even a race between a camel and an elephant.  Besides hosting Tournament of Roses events, the venue hosted other events at the turn of the 20th century, such as the Southern California Horse Show Association's annual horse show. Tournament Park is best known as the site of the first eight Rose Bowl Games (1902, 1916–1922).
Telecommunications in Mauritius
Telecommunications had an early beginning in Mauritius, with the first telephone line installed in 1883, seven years after the invention of the telephone. Over the years, the network and telephony improved. By the late 20th century, the rapid development and convergence of information and telecommunications technologies gave rise to an ICT industry on the island along with many incentives provided by the government. The government thus aims to make the ICT sector the 5th pillar of the Mauritian economy and Mauritius a Cyber Island. Historically, the country is known for tourism, rather than its call centers and business process outsourcing.

Mauritius Telecom
Mauritius Telecom (MT) is a telecommunications company in Mauritius, a small republic in the Indian Ocean. The company had about 392,000 fixed line customers, 969,000 mobile customers, 404,000 fibre-ready homes, 178,000 IPTV customers, and 255,000 broadband internet customers (my.t ADSL) as of December 2019.
Mazurkas, Op. posth. (Chopin)
There are at least eight mazurkas by Chopin without opus number, usually designated as Op. posth., though at least four of these were published in his lifetime.

2 mazurkas in B♭ major and G major were composed and published in 1826 in revised versions; the originals were published in 1875. B. 16

D major, B. 31 (1829); revised version, B. 71 (1832)

B♭ major (Wolowska), B. 73 (1832) – dedicated to Alexandrine Wolowska

C major, B. 82 (1833)

A♭ major, B. 85 (1834)

A minor (Notre Temps), B.134 (1840) – published (1841) in the collection "Six morceaux de salon", issued by the magazine Notre Temps along with works by Thalberg, Czerny and others.

A minor (À Émile Gaillard), B.140 (1840) – published (1841) in "Album de pianistes polonais". Dedicated to Émile Gaillard.

B-flat major
B-flat major is a major scale based on B♭, with pitches B♭, C, D, E♭, F, G, and A. Its key signature has two flats. Its relative minor is G minor and its parallel minor is B-flat minor.

The B-flat major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The B-flat harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

Many transposing instruments are pitched in B-flat major, including the clarinet, trumpet, tenor saxophone, and soprano saxophone. As a result, B-flat major is one of the most popular keys for concert band compositions.
Standing Committee of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Standing Committee of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is current permanent body of the top political advisory body of the People's Republic of China. It has 323 members, including 24 chairpersons, vice chairpersons, and secretaries-general of the National Committee, and 299 standing committee members. All members were elected at the third plenary session of the first session of the 14th National Committee. The term of office is five years, from March 2023 to March 2028.

14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is the current meeting of the top political advisory body of the People's Republic of China. It convened in Beijing, on 4 March 2023, and is scheduled to continue until March 2028.
Little Nightmares II
Little Nightmares II is a puzzle-platform horror adventure game developed by Tarsier Studios and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The story follows Mono, who must work together with Six, the protagonist from Little Nightmares, to survive the horrors of the Pale City and discover its dark secrets. The game was released for Google Stadia, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows and Xbox One on 11 February 2021. An upgraded version, titled Little Nightmares II: Enhanced Edition, was developed by Supermassive Games and released on 25 August 2021 for PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S.

Little Nightmares II received positive reviews upon release. Critics praised its graphics, atmosphere, and quality of life improvements, with some finding it superior to its predecessor. Within one month of release, the game had sold one million units worldwide. A sequel, Little Nightmares III, was released on 10 October 2025 by Supermassive Games.

Gamer Network
Gamer Network Limited (formerly Eurogamer Network Limited) is a British digital media company based in London. Founded in 1999 by Rupert and Nick Loman, it owns brands—primarily editorial websites—relating to video game journalism and other video game businesses. Its flagship website, Eurogamer, was launched alongside the company. It began hosting the video game trade show EGX in 2008. ReedPop acquired Gamer Network in 2018 and sold it to IGN Entertainment in 2024.
History of the Jews in Slovenia
The history of the Jews in Slovenia and areas connected with it goes back to the times of Ancient Rome. In 2011, the small Slovenian Jewish community (Slovene: Judovska skupnost Slovenije) was estimated at 100 to 130 members, of whom around 130 are officially registered, most of whom live in the capital, Ljubljana.

Inner Austria
Inner Austria (German: Innerösterreich; Slovene: Notranja Avstrija; Italian: Austria Interiore) was a term used from the late 14th to the early 17th century for the Habsburg hereditary lands south of the Semmering Pass, referring to the Imperial duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola and the lands of the Austrian Littoral. The residence of the Inner Austrian archdukes and stadtholders was at the Burg castle complex in Graz.
Diksiai
Diksiai (formerly Polish: Dyksie, Russian: Дыксце) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 8 people. It is located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from Pajieslys, nearby the Šušvė river. There is Pajieslys cooperative farm in Diksiai.

Šušvė
Šušvė (ˈʃuːʃvʲeː) is a river in central Lithuania, a right (the longest) tributary of the Nevėžis river. It begins in Kelmė district municipality, 6 km (4 mi) southeast from Tytuvėnai. The 134.6 km (83.6 mi) long river passes through Tytuvėnai and Sulinkiai Marshes and flows south through Radviliškis district municipality. Finally, Šušvė passes through Kėdainiai district municipality and flows into the Nevėžis near Graužiai village.

The width of the river valley is between 0.5 and 3 km. From December to March Šušvė is usually frozen. Dams were built at Vaitiekūnai and Angiriai (Angiriai Reservoir). The Šušvė Hydrological Sanctuary was established in 1992 to protect the lower courses of the river.

The main towns and villages by the Šušvė river are Šiaulėnai, Pašušvys (Radviliškis municipality), Grinkiškis, Vaitiekūnai, Pašušvys (Kėdainiai municipality), Angiriai, Josvainiai.
DopAmide
DopAmide, or L-DopAmide, is a synthetic levodopa (L-DOPA) analogue that can serve as a levodopa and dopamine prodrug and is of potential interest in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. DopAmide has an amide rather than the carboxyl group of L-DOPA, which imparts greater water solubility. The amide is hydrolyzed back to the acid by aminopeptidase enzymes.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Nuussuaq Heliport
Nuussuaq Heliport (IATA: NSQ, ICAO: BGNU) is a heliport in Nuussuaq, a village in the Upernavik Archipelago of Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. The heliport is considered a helistop, and is served by Air Greenland as part of a government contract.

Upernavik Archipelago
Upernavik Archipelago is a vast coastal archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, off the shores of northeastern Baffin Bay. The archipelago extends from the northwestern coast of Sigguup Nunaa peninsula in the south at approximately 71°50′N 56°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°N 56.000°W﻿ / 71.833; -56.000 to the southern end of Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq) in the north at approximately 74°50′N 57°30′W﻿ / ﻿74.833°N 57.500°W﻿ / 74.833; -57.500.
Shobha Gurtu
Shobha Gurtu (1925–2004) was an Indian singer in the Hindustani classical style. Though she had equal command over pure classical style, it was with light semi-classical music that she received her fame, and in time came to be known as the Thumri Queen, and for the 'Abhinaya' sung in her full-throated voice. She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2002.

Alladiya Khan
Alladiya Khan (10 August 1855 – 16 March 1946) was an Indian Hindustani classical singer who founded the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana, also referred as just Jaipur Gharana. He is recognized for his revival, reinterpretation, and creations of many rare raags, compositions, and techniques and for producing disciples like Bhaskarbuwa Bakhale, Kesarbai Kerkar, and Mogubai Kurdikar.
Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine (ARCOM) is a private medical school in Fort Smith, Arkansas. It is the founding program of the Arkansas Colleges of Health Education and is accredited by the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation.

Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
The American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) accredits medical schools granting the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree in the United States. The US Department of Education lists the Commission as a recognized accreditor.
2017 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2017 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink from 21 January to 22 January 2017 organized by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB). The tournament was part of the 2016–2017 speed skating season. Ronald Mulder and Ireen Wüst won the sprint titles. The sprint championships were held at the same time as the 2017 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships.

KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The Dutch Sprint Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch Sprint champion. The Sprint distance championships date back to 1969 for men and 1983 for women.