hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Punjab provincial election
Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Punjab on 8 February 2024 to elect a new provincial legislature. On 5 August 2023, the results of the 2023 digital census were approved by the Council of Common Interests headed by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Therefore, elections have been delayed for several months, as new delimitations will be published on 14 December 2023, as announced by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). On 19 November 2023, the ECP announced, in agreement with the President of Pakistan, Arif Alvi, that the elections will be held on 8 February 2024. The election was held concurrently with nationwide general elections and other provincial elections.

Hamza Shahbaz
Mian Hamza Shahbaz Sharif (born 6 September 1974) is a Pakistani politician and businessman who served as the 17th chief minister of Punjab from April to July 2022. He also served as the Leader of the Opposition of Punjab from September 2018 to April 2022, and again from October 2022 till the provincial assembly's dissolution in January 2023. Prior to this, he was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2008 to May 2018.
Dehpul
Dehpul (Persian: ده پول, also Romanized as Dehpūl; also known as Dehbūl, Deh Fūl, Deh Pīl, and Dehpol) is a village in Qarah Kahriz Rural District, Qarah Kahriz District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was measured at 288, in 77 families.

Qarah Kahriz Rural District
Qarah Kahriz Rural District (Persian: دهستان قره كهريز) is in Qarah Kahriz District of Shazand County, Markazi province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Amarat. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hafteh, now a neighborhood in the city of Shahbaz.
Echinoplectanum rarum
Echinoplectanum rarum is a species of diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the leopard coralgrouper, Plectropomus leopardus. It has been described in 2006.

This species is very rare and represented only 2% of the specimens of Echinoplectanum spp. found in P. leopardus. This species was  distinguished from other species of the same genus by its characteristic ring-shaped sclerotised vagina.

Diplectanidae
The Diplectanidae are a family of monopisthocotylean monogeneans. They are all parasitic on the gills of fish (marine or freshwater). Diplectanids are small animals, generally around 1 mm in length. As parasites, they can be extremely numerous, up to several thousand on an individual fish.
Grand Lodge of Italy
The Gran Loggia d'Italia degli A.L.A.M. (the acronym stands for Antichi Liberi e Accettati Muratori), known in English as the Grand Lodge of Italy of the A.F.A.M. (the acronym stands for Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), is a Continental Freemasonic organization based at Palazzo Vitelleschi, in Rome. It was founded in 1910 as a schism from the Grand Orient of Italy. They are a member of the CLIPSAS, the international association of liberal Freemasonic jurisdictions. They were known popularly as the "Piazza del Gesù" Freemasons, due to their former headquarters at the Piazza del Gesù, 47 in Rome.

Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg
CLIPSAS (Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg; English: "Liaison and Information Center of Masonic Powers Signatories of the Strasbourg Appeal") is an international Masonic organization that serves as the primary coordinating body for Liberal and Adogmatic Freemasonry worldwide. Established in 1961 through the historic Strasbourg Appeal, CLIPSAS represents an alternative to Conservative Anglo-Saxon Masonic recognition systems, emphasizing absolute freedom of conscience and inclusive Masonic practices.

The organization maintains observer status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and comprises over 100 member obediences across multiple continents. CLIPSAS is distinguished by its recognition of masculine, feminine, and mixed-gender Masonic bodies, as well as its philosophical stance that religious belief should not be a prerequisite for Masonic membership.
Lincoln Potters
The Lincoln Potters are a collegiate wood bat baseball team based in Lincoln, California.  They are operating as part of the summer collegiate wood bat league known as the Pacific Empire League.  It began operations in 2016 as members of the Great West League.  They play their home games at McBean Stadium in Lincoln.  The Potters replaced the Lodi Crushers and Sacramento Stealth, who went inactive for 2017.

Lodi Crushers
The Lodi Crushers were a collegiate woodbat baseball team based in Lodi, California. They were charter members of the Great West League and played their home games at Tony Zupo Field in Lodi. The team was owned by Wine Country Baseball and was run by general manager Doug Leary. They were named for the original California League minor league franchise now known as the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes.

The team has gone dormant for 2017.
Oreomecon anomala
Oreomecon anomala is a poppy found in Mongolia, Korea, China and Far East of Russia (Primorsky krai). It grows on dry meadow slopes, in river valleys, sometimes on deposits and dumps. Blooms in May-September.

Papaver
Papaver /pəˈpeɪvər/ is a genus of 70–100 species of frost-tolerant annuals, biennials, and perennials native to temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America. It is the type genus of the poppy family, Papaveraceae.
Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited
Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited (GSECL) is a wholly owned subsidiary  of the Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam (GUVNL), which came into existence in August 1993 after the unbundling of the Gujarat Electricity Board. It is a power generation company working in the territory of Gujarat, India. It delivers electricity through four distribution companies – DGVCL, MGVCL, PGVCL and UGVCL.

Paschim Gujarat Vij
Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. is an electricity company that was incorporated on 15 September 2003 by Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB). The Company obtained the Certificate of the Commencement of Business on 15 October 2003. The company was one of several created as a part of efforts towards restructuring of the power sector in the state of Gujarat in India.
Trier social stress test
The Trier social stress test (TSST) is a laboratory procedure used to reliably induce stress in human research participants. It is a combination of procedures that were previously known to induce stress, but previous procedures did not do so reliably. It was created in 1993 at the University of Trier by Clemens Kirschbaum and his colleagues.

University of Trier
The Trier University (German: Universität Trier), in the German city of Trier, was founded in 1473. Closed in 1798 by order of the then French administration in Trier, the university was re-established in 1970 after a hiatus of some 172 years. The new university campus is located on top of the Tarforst heights, an urban district on the outskirts of the city. The university has six faculties with around 470 faculty members. In WS 2025/2026 around 10,000 students were matriculated, with 61.66%  female; the percentage of foreign students was 17.2%.
Felipe Carrillo Puerto Municipality
Felipe Carrillo Puerto (or simply Carrillo Puerto) is a municipality in the south-central part of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The municipal seat is the city of the same name. It was named after the assassinated local politician Felipe Carrillo Puerto. According to the 2009, 2019 census, the municipality's population was 83,990 inhabitants, living on an area of 13,806 square kilometres (5,331 sq mi).

The municipality borders Tulum Municipality to the north, Othón P. Blanco to the south, José María Morelos to the west, as well as Valladolid, Chichimilá, and Tixcacalcupul in the state of Yucatán to the northwest.

Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo
Othón P. Blanco is one of the eleven subdivisions (municipios) of the Mexican state of  Quintana Roo. It had a 2020 census population of 233,648 people. Its municipal seat is the city of Chetumal, which also serves as the state capital. The municipality is named after Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres.

The municipal government is headed by the municipal president of Othón P. Blanco (mayor of Othón P. Blanco, aka mayor of Chetumal).

It was formerly the fifth-largest municipality in land area in Mexico at 17,189.7 square kilometres (6,637.0 sq mi), occupying more than a third of the entire state. It lost about 40% of its territory when the Bacalar Municipality was created out of Othón P. Blanco on February 2, 2011.
Showbag
A showbag is a themed bag of commercial products, novelty items and promotional merchandise, usually made available for purchase. It is a distinctive feature of Australian agricultural shows (the Australian equivalent of state fairs or travelling carnivals), where they are sold from stalls; they can also be found at exhibitions, festivals and fundraising events. Showbags are unique to Australia.

Novelty item
A novelty item is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence "novelty", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons, slippers, or toilet paper. The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions. Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be a souvenir.
Nabulagala Mapeera church
Mapeera Church  alias (Nabulagala Mapeera church, St. John the Baptist Mapeera-Nabulagala Catholic Parish) was the first constructed catholic church in Uganda in 1879 by the White Fathers. It is located in Lusaze Lubya in Nabulagala, Kigungu Landing site behind Entebbe Airport in Uganda.

Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa
The Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa (SMNDA; French: Sœurs Missionnaires de Notre-Dame d'Afrique), often called the White Sisters (Sœurs blanches) is a missionary society founded in 1869 that operates in Africa. It is closely associated with the Society of the Missionaries of Africa, or White Fathers.
Cnicin
Cnicin is a sesquiterpene lactone, esterified with a substituted acrylic acid, and belonging to the germacranolide class of natural products. It is mainly found in Cnicus (Centaurea--formerly Cnicus--benedictus L. (Asteraceae)), and is present in spotted knapweed plants, where highest and lowest concentrations are found in the leaves (0.86-3.86% cnicin) and stems respectively. Cnicin is used as a bitter tonic and the bitterness value is approximately 1,500.

Sesquiterpene lactone
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoids that contain a lactone ring.  They are most often found in plants of the family Asteraceae (daisies, asters).  Other plant families with SLs are Umbelliferae (celery, parsley, carrots) and Magnoliaceae (magnolias). A collection of colorless, lipophilic solids, SLs are a rich source of drugs.  They can be allergenic and toxic in grazing livestock causing severe neurological problems in horses.  Some are also found in corals of the order Octocorallia.
Route, County Antrim
54°57′29″N 6°30′22″W﻿ / ﻿54.958°N 6.506°W﻿ / 54.958; -6.506

The Route (Irish: An Rúta) was a medieval territory in Gaelic Ireland, located on the north-east coast of Ulster. It stretched between Coleraine and Ballycastle and as far south as the Clogh River. Originally part of Twescard, a county of the Earldom of Ulster, it was later ruled by the McQuillans and then the MacDonnells.

Earldom of Ulster
The Earldom of Ulster was an Anglo-Norman lordship in north-eastern Ireland during the Middle Ages, ruled by the Earls of Ulster and part of the Lordship of Ireland. The Norman knight John de Courcy invaded the Gaelic Irish kingdom of Ulaid in 1177 and conquered most of its territory over the following few years. In 1181 he was made earl palatine of Ulster by Henry II of England. The earldom was the most important Anglo-Norman lordship in the north of Ireland. It covered most of what are now the Ulster counties of Antrim and Down, and briefly extended west to Lough Foyle. Its capital was Carrickfergus Castle.

The Earldom of Ulster suffered heavily from the Bruce campaign in Ireland in the 1310s, from which it never recovered. By the 15th century the earldom was restricted to coastal enclaves in County Down and around Carrickfergus, and the title of Earl of Ulster passed to the Crown in 1461.
Astrobiology Field Laboratory
The Astrobiology Field Laboratory  (AFL) (also Mars Astrobiology Field Laboratory  or MAFL) was a proposed NASA rover that would have conducted a search for life on Mars. This proposed mission, which was not funded, would have landed a rover on Mars in 2016 and explore a site for habitat. Examples of such sites are an active or extinct hydrothermal deposit, a dry lake or a specific polar site.

Had it been funded, the rover was to be built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, based upon the Mars Science Laboratory rover design, it would have carried astrobiology-oriented instruments, and ideally, a core drill. The original plans called for a launch in 2016, however, budgetary constraints caused funding cuts.

Geology of Mars
The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the solid parts of planets and moons. The term incorporates aspects of geophysics, geochemistry, mineralogy, geodesy, and cartography. A neologism, areology, from the Greek word Arēs (Mars), sometimes appears as a synonym for Mars's geology in the popular media and works of science fiction (e.g. Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy). The term areology is also used by the Areological Society.
Thomas Savage (bishop)
Thomas Savage (1449 in Clifton, Cheshire – 3 September 1507, in Cawood, Yorkshire) was a prelate, diplomat and scholar during the Tudor period. Savage served as Chaplain to King Henry VII and was Archbishop of York from 1501 until his death in 1507. Prior to his consecration as a Bishop, Savage served as a diplomat and rector (Savage continued to carry out diplomatic duties whilst he was a Bishop). As a diplomat Savage held the positions of English Ambassador to Castile and Portugal, during which time he helped broker the marriage treaty between Arthur, Prince of Wales and Catherine of Aragon in 1489, and later held the position of English Ambassador to France from 1490, where he took part in the conference at Boulogne.

Clerk of the Closet
A Clerk of the Closet is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom.

The ‘closet’ comes from the original name of the Royal Chapel.

The College of Chaplains of the Ecclesiastical Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom is under the Clerk of the Closet, an office dating from 1437. It is normally held by a diocesan bishop of the Church of England, who may, however, remain in office after leaving his see. In 2025 the current Clerk is Richard Jackson, Bishop of Hereford.

Other members of the royal family may also have their own Clerk of the Closet.
Battle of Makanchi
The Battle of Makanchi (28 July - 2 August 1918) was a military action during the Russian Civil War, involving military actions between the White Army and the Red Army near the Makanchi settlement in the East Kazakhstan region. This confrontation not only had immediate military repercussions but also influenced subsequent political and social developments within the region.

White Army
The White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen, or simply the Whites, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War. They fought against the Red Army of Soviet Russia.

When it was created, the structure of the Russian Army during the period of the Russian Provisional Government was used, while almost every individual formation had its own characteristics. The military art of the White Army was based on the experience of the First World War which left a strong imprint on the specifics of the Russian Civil War.
Beach Station (Chesterfield, Virginia)
Beach Station a national historic district located near Chesterfield, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. The district includes six contributing buildings and one contributing site in the Village of Beach.  They were all constructed about 1890 and are two single-family dwellings, a post office, a railway depot, an outbuilding, two railroad shanties, and the ruins of the former general store. Beach Station was accessible from the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad later named the Tidewater and Western Railroad.  Leasing arrangements had been made with the Brighthope Railway company which was sold to become the Farmville and Powhatan.   The district represents an unusual collection of late-nineteenth-century buildings in their historic surroundings.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Perdue-Mitchell House, Beach Station, Chesterfield, Virginia

Railroad Depot, Beach Station, Chesterfield, Virginia. This was a railroad station on the Bright Hope Railroad.

Chesterfield Court House, Virginia
Chesterfield Court House is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place that is the county seat of Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. It was a census-designated place (CDP) at the 2000 census, but has not been delineated as a CDP since then. The Chesterfield County Courthouse and Courthouse Square are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The area is also home of the Chesterfield County Government Complex.
Nunkeeling
Nunkeeling is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of the town of Hornsea and 3 miles (5 km) south of Beeford.

Nunkeeling forms part of the civil parish of Bewholme.

St Mary Magdalene and St Helena Church was built c. 12th century. In 1810 it was rebuilt and is now in ruins. In 1972 Pevsner noted that the church was "full of trees". Effigies from the church were removed to Hornsea. In November 1985 the remains were designated as Grade II and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.

Holderness Wapentake
Holderness was a wapentake of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, England consisting of the south-easterly part of the county. Established in medieval times, it ceased to have much significance in the 19th century when the wapentakes were superseded by other administrative divisions for most local government purposes.

Because of its large area it was sub-divided into three divisions—North Division, Middle Division and South Division.
Parents of Murdered Children Memorial
The Parents of Murdered Children Memorial, sometimes abbreviated as the POMC Memorial, is a memorial to child murder victims, located at Mountain View Cemetery in Oregon City, Oregon, in the United States. The memorial was dedicated in September 2013, becoming the first of its kind in the Pacific Northwest and the eighth in the United States.

Child murder
Child murder, also known as pedicide, child manslaughter or child homicide, is the homicide of an individual who is a minor. In many legal jurisdictions, it is considered an aggravated form of homicide. The age of the victim may constitute an aggravated factor for homicide offenses, or child murder may be a stand-alone criminal offense.
Harrison Petty
Harrison Petty (born 12 November 1999) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted by Melbourne with their third selection and thirty-seventh overall in the 2017 national draft. He made his debut in the two point loss to St Kilda at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in round fifteen of the 2018 season.

2021 AFL Grand Final
The 2021 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between Melbourne and the Western Bulldogs at Optus Stadium in Perth, Western Australia, on Saturday 25 September 2021. It was the 126th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (AFL), staged to determine the premiers of the 2021 AFL season.

The match was played at Optus Stadium in Perth because an ongoing COVID-19 lockdown prevented the match from being played with spectators at its contracted ground, the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Victoria. It was the first grand final played in Perth and the second consecutive grand final to be played outside Victoria. The event set a new attendance record for Australian rules football in Western Australia.

Melbourne won the match by a 74-point margin, defeating the Western Bulldogs 21.14 (140) to 10.6 (66). Christian Petracca won the Norm Smith Medal. The win was Melbourne's first premiership since 1964.
School of chess
A school of chess denotes a chess player or group of players that share common ideas about the strategy of the game. There have been several schools in the history of modern chess. Today there is less dependence on schools – players draw on many sources and play according to their personal style.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Dynamo theory
In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.  A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mercury and the Jovian planets.

Secular variation
The secular variation of a time series is its long-term, non-periodic variation (see Decomposition of time series). Whether a variation is perceived as secular or not depends on the available timescale: a variation that is secular over a timescale of centuries may be a segment of what is, over a timescale of millions of years, a periodic variation.  Natural quantities often have both periodic and secular variations. Secular variation is sometimes called secular trend or secular drift when the emphasis is on a linear long-term trend.

The term is used wherever time series are applicable in history, economics, operations research, biological anthropology, and astronomy (particularly celestial mechanics) such as VSOP (planets).