hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hilary Koprowski
Hilary Koprowski (5 December 1916 – 11 April 2013) was a Polish virologist and immunologist active in the United States who demonstrated the world's first effective live polio vaccine. He authored or co-authored over 875 scientific papers and co-edited several scientific journals.

Koprowski received many academic honors and national decorations, including the Belgian Order of the Lion, the French Order of Merit and Legion of Honour, Finland's Order of the Lion, and the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.

Koprowski was the target of accusations in the press related to the "oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis", which posited that the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines developed by Koprowski in the Belgian Congo. This hypothesis was challenged on numerous grounds, and scientists largely rejected it.

American Cyanamid
American Cyanamid was an American manufacturing conglomerate. Originally begun as a fertilizer manufacturer, the company added many additional lines of business before merging with American Home Products in 1994. The combined company sold off most of its divisions, adopted the name of its remaining Wyeth division, and was bought by Pfizer in 2009.
Sargachi railway station
Saragachhi railway station is a railway station of the Sealdah-Lalgola line in the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated beside National Highway 34 at Sargachi village in Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves Sargachi and surroundings village areas. Total 12 trains including Lalogola Passengers and few EMUs stop in this station. The distance between Sargachi and Sealdah is 206 km (128 mi).

Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line
The Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line is a 155 km (96 mi) long broad gauge railway line which connects Ranaghat Junction in the Nadia district with Lalgola in the Murshidabad district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The line runs up to the Bangladesh border near the Ganga river and is a part of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone.
Onegai Miwaku no Target
"Onegai Miwaku no Target/Crazy Happy!" (お願い魅惑のターゲット/Crazy Happy!, Please, Captivating Target/Crazy Happy!) / "Onegai Miwaku no Target" (お願い魅惑のターゲット, Please, Captivating Target) is a single by Japanese girl group Melon Kinenbi.

Up-Front Group
Up-Front Group Co., Ltd. (株式会社アップフロントグループ, Kabushiki gaisha Appu-Furonto Gurūpu) is a Japanese holding company for various entertainment companies. Its subsidiaries include the talent agency Up-Front Promotion and Up-Front Works, a music production and sales company that manages such record labels as Zetima, Piccolo Town, and Hachama.
Messe Nord/ZOB station
Messe Nord/ZOB is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. It is located on the Ringbahn circle line, served by S-Bahn lines S41/S42 and S46. It is linked to the Kaiserdamm U-Bahn station on line U2 via a short footpath.

On 15 December 2024, the new name of the station was changed from Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben).

Messe Berlin
Messe Berlin (Berlin Messegelände) are exhibition grounds in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf precinct of Berlin, Germany, at Masurenallee opposite the Haus des Rundfunks. Since 2011, they have officially been known as "Berlin ExpoCenter City" and operated by the Messe Berlin GmbH company.
Aleka Papariga
Alexandra "Aleka" Papariga (née Drosou; Greek: Αλέκα Παπαρήγα; born 5 November 1945) is a Greek retired politician who served the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) as its General Secretary from 1991 to 2013. She is the first woman to be General Secretary of KKE, and thus the first woman to head a major political party in Greece.

Greek junta
The Greek junta or Regime of the Colonels was a right-wing military junta that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974. On 21 April 1967, a group of colonels overthrew a caretaker government a month before scheduled elections which Georgios Papandreou's Centre Union was favoured to win.

The dictatorship was characterised by policies such as anti-communism, restrictions on civil liberties, and the imprisonment, torture, and exile of political opponents. It was ruled by Georgios Papadopoulos from 1967 to 1973, but an attempt to renew popular support in a 1973 referendum on the monarchy and gradual democratisation by Papadopoulos was ended by another coup by the hardliner Dimitrios Ioannidis. Ioannidis ruled until it fell on 24 July 1974 under the pressure of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, leading to the Metapolitefsi ("regime change"; Greek: Μεταπολίτευση) to democracy and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic.
Gallaudet D-2
The Gallaudet D-2 was a prototype American biplane observation aircraft built by the Gallaudet Aircraft Company during World War I for the United States Army. Based on the earlier Gallaudet D-1, the D-2 had more powerful engines and had other improvements. The first prototype was completed in 1917, but crashed before it was accepted so Gallaudet had to build a replacement at its own expense. Two aircraft were completed in 1918, but further development ceased after the last one crashed with the death of the pilot, the first aviator to be killed in Rhode Island. All aircraft built or in the process of being constructed were subsequently scrapped.

Liberty L-12
The Liberty L-12 is an American water-cooled 45° V-12 engine, displacing 1,649 cubic inches (27 L) and making 400 hp (300 kW), designed for a high power-to-weight ratio and ease of mass production. It was designed principally as an aircraft engine and saw wide use in aero applications. It also saw marine use (both in racing and in runabout boats) once it was marinized; it was used in various military tanks; and in some race cars.

A single bank 6-cylinder version, the Liberty L-6, and V-8, the Liberty L-8, were derived from the Liberty L-12. It was succeeded by the Packard 1A-2500.
Abu'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Fasanjus
Abu'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Fasanjus (Persian: ابوالقاسم جعفر), was an Iranian statesman from the Fasanjus family who served the Buyid dynasty.

Ja'far was born in Baghdad in 965/6. He was the son of Abu'l-Faraj Muhammad, who had served as a de facto vizier (without the actual title) in 963–967, and as full vizier in 970–971.

Ja'far was appointed by the Buyid ruler Sultan al-Dawla as his vizier in 1018/9, after the flight of the previous incumbent, al-Hasan ibn Fadl ibn Sahlan. Ja'far held the office only briefly, as he and his brothers were arrested in autumn 1019.

Ja'far died at Khuzistan in 1029. He had a son known as Dhu'l-Sa'adat, who served as vizier under the Buyid ruler Abu Kalijar until his execution in February 1049.

Sultan al-Dawla
Abu Shuja (Persian: ابو شجاع; 993 – December 1024), better known by his laqab of Sultan al-Dawla (Persian: سلطان الدوله, "Power of the Dynasty"), was the Buyid amir of Fars (1012–1024) and Iraq (1012–1021). He was the son of Baha' al-Dawla.
Cameron Cloke
Cameron Cloke (born 20 December 1984) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club, Carlton Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is the son of former Richmond and Collingwood player, David Cloke and the brother of Jason and Travis Cloke.

Australian Football League reserves affiliations
The Australian Football League stages the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in the country.

However, there has not been a league-wide reserves competition since 1987, when the then-Victorian Football League expanded interstate to become the modern Australian Football League, with the AFL reserves competition being shut down at the end of the 1999 season.

Since that time, AFL-listed players who have not been selected in their senior teams are made eligible to play in one of three state leagues: the Victorian Football League, the South Australian National Football League and the West Australian Football League.

The system used to accommodate AFL-listed players within these leagues varies considerably from state to state.
White House Military Office
The White House Military Office (WHMO) is a department within the White House Office that provides military support for White House functions, including presidential transportation, communications, medical support, food service, and hospitality. The White House Military Office is headed by the White House Military Office director.

89th Airlift Wing
The 89th Airlift Wing of the United States Air Force is based at Joint Base Andrews and has an operational force of over 1,000 personnel. The 89th provides global Special Air Mission (SAM) airlift, logistics, aerial transport and communications for the president, vice president, combatant commanders, senior leaders and the global mobility system as tasked by the White House, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and Air Mobility Command.
CP Mijas-Las Lagunas
Club Polideportivo Mijas-Las Lagunas is a Spanish football team based in Las Lagunas, Mijas, Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1991 as Associación Deportiva Las Lagunas, they currently play in Tercera Federación – Group 9, holding home matches at Campo Municipal Juan Gambero Culebra, with a capacity of 2,000 spectators.

Province of Málaga
The Province of Málaga (Spanish: Provincia de Málaga [ˈmalaɣa]) is located in Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and by the provinces of Cádiz to the west, Seville to the northwest, Córdoba to the north, and Granada to the east.

The province is subject to extreme water stress in the wake of the proliferation of avocado plantations in the Axarquía region, with the arid local climate being unsuitable to the plant's large water demands.
The Gospel According to Matthew & Michael
The Gospel According to Matthew & Michael is an album by American jazz pianist Matthew Shipp, which was recorded in 2014 and released on Relative Pitch. It was the first recording featuring his Chamber Ensemble, a trio with Michael Bisio on bass and Mat Maneri on viola. Shipp led a similar group with Maneri and bassist William Parker in the late 1990s and early 2000s known as the String Trio, which recorded the albums By the Law of Music and Expansion, Power, Release.

By the Law of Music
By the Law of Music is an album by American jazz pianist Matthew Shipp which was recorded in 1996 and released on the Swiss HatART label. It was re-released on the hatOLOGY imprint in 2002.

The record marks the debut of his String Trio with violinist Mat Maneri and bassist William Parker. On all other previous recordings Maneri played electric violin, but in this session used exclusively acoustic violin. The album was conceived as a twelve-part suite, but Shipp decided to record Duke Ellington's "Solitude" as a final touch after the suite.
Parmotrema aldabrense
Parmotrema aldabrense is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Africa. It was first described by Carroll William Dodge in 1959 as a species of Parmelia. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The type collection was made in the Aldabra Islands, where it was found growing on tamarind. It has also been recorded from Madagascar. The lichen has an olive-buff coloured thallus measuring up to 14 cm (5.5 in) in diameter.

Parmotrema
Parmotrema is a genus of lichen belonging to the family  Parmeliaceae. It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species, with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands.

Members of the genus are commonly called ruffle lichens or scatter-rag lichens.: 83
Alethriko
Alethriko (Greek: Αλεθρικό; Turkish: Aletriko) is a village in the Larnaca District of Cyprus, west of Larnaca. 
The first known census was carried out under Ottoman Rule in 1831; it listed only males: there were 46 Greek Cypriots and 18 Turkish Cypriots. In the census of 1891 the population of Alethriko was recorded as 37 Turkish Cypriots and 233 Greek Cypriots of both sexes. In 2011 its population was 1,101.

Larnaca
Larnaca, also spelled Larnaka, is a city on the southeast coast of Cyprus and the capital of the Larnaca District. With a district population of 155,000 in 2021, it is the third largest city in the country after Nicosia and Limassol.

Built on the ruins of Kition, an Ancient Greek city-state and the birthplace of Stoic philosopher Zeno of Citium, Larnaca is home to the Church of Saint Lazarus, Hala Sultan Tekke, the Kamares Aqueduct, Larnaca Castle, Larnaca District Archaeological Museum, and Pierides Museum. It attracts many visitors to its beaches, as well as to Finikoudes (Φοινικούδες; Greek for "palm trees"), the city's signature seafront promenade lined with palm trees. It gives its name to the country's primary airport, Larnaca International Airport, which is situated in the neighbouring village of Dromolaxia rather than Larnaca proper. It also has a seaport and a marina.
Marano di Valpolicella
Marano di Valpolicella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,975 and an area of 18.6 square kilometres (7.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Marano di Valpolicella contains the frazione (subdivision) Valgatara e San Rocco.

Marano di Valpolicella borders the following municipalities: Fumane, Negrar, San Pietro in Cariano, and Sant'Anna d'Alfaedo.

Negrar di Valpolicella
Negrar di Valpolicella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Verona. Since 8 February 2019, the official name has been changed to "Negrar di Valpolicella" (L.R. n. 7, 8 February 2019) after a referendum was held in the town.
2019 Laois County Council election
An election to all 19 seats on Laois County Council was held on 24 May 2019 as part of the 2019 Irish local elections. County Laois was divided into 3 local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

2019 Irish local elections
The 2019 Irish local elections were held in all local authorities in Ireland on Friday, 24 May 2019, on the same day as the 2019 European Parliament election and a referendum easing restrictions on divorce. Each local government area is divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) where three to seven councillors are elected on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
History of the camera
The history of the camera began even before the introduction of photography. Cameras evolved from the camera obscura through many generations of photographic technology – daguerreotypes, calotypes, dry plates, film – to the modern day with digital cameras and camera phones.

Collodion process
The collodion process is an early photographic process for the production of grayscale images. The collodion process – mostly synonymized with the term "wet-plate process", requires the photographic material to be coated, sensitized, exposed, and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable darkroom for use in the field. Collodion is normally used in its wet form, but it can also be used in its dry form, at the cost of greatly increased exposure time. The increased exposure time made the dry form unsuitable for the usual portraiture work of most professional photographers of the 19th century. The use of the dry form was mostly confined to landscape photography and other special applications where exposure times sometimes longer than a half hour were tolerable.
Pipeline (computing)
In computing, a pipeline, also known as a data pipeline, is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often executed in parallel or in time-sliced fashion. Some amount of buffer storage is often inserted between elements.

Speculative execution
Speculative execution is an optimization technique where a computer system performs some task that may not be needed. Work is done before it is known whether it is actually needed, so as to prevent a delay that would have to be incurred by doing the work after it is known that it is needed. If it turns out the work was not needed after all, most changes made by the work are reverted and the results are ignored.

The objective is to provide more concurrency if extra resources are available. This approach is employed in a variety of areas, including branch prediction in pipelined processors, value prediction for exploiting value locality, prefetching memory and files, and optimistic concurrency control in database systems.

Speculative multithreading is a special case of speculative execution.
Cultural history of Taiwan
The cultural history of Taiwan can be traced back to prehistoric Stone Age. Later the development of written languages made it easier to maintain traditions of the Taiwanese culture.

The recorded history of Taiwanese culture mainly stemmed from traditional Chinese culture, despite the influences from other foreign powers. Although the culture of modern Taiwan is significantly affected by Japanese and American cultures, the values and traditions of the Taiwanese people are heavily based on Confucianist Han cultures.

Han Taiwanese
Han Taiwanese, also known as Taiwanese Han (Chinese: 臺灣漢人), Taiwanese Han Chinese, or Han Chinese Taiwanese, are Taiwanese people of full or partial ethnic Han ancestry. According to the Executive Yuan of Taiwan, they comprise 95 to 97 percent of the Taiwanese population, which also includes Austronesians and other non-Han people. Major waves of Han immigration occurred since the 17th century to the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949, with the exception of the Japanese colonial period (1895–1945). Han Taiwanese mainly speak three Sinitic languages: Mandarin, Hokkien and Hakka.
Eastwood Nature Reserve
Eastwood Nature Reserve is a 4.7-hectare (11.6-acre) nature reserve in Stalybridge, Tameside, England. It is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust (CWT). The reserve was given to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) by the Cheetham family in 1931 and became the first RSPB-owned reserve. The RSPB then leased it on to CWT.

The steep-sided clough has an extensive system of good pathways around it, enabling visitors to experience a blanket of bluebells in the spring as well as wood sorrel and wild angelica. There is also a wide variety of woodland birds, such as chaffinch, treecreeper and nuthatch, throughout the year.  A stream runs through the entire length of the reserve into the old mill pond at Cheetham Mill just outside the reserve.

Cheshire Wildlife Trust
The Cheshire Wildlife Trust (CWT) is a wildlife trust covering the county of Cheshire and parts of the counties of Greater Manchester and Merseyside, England. The trust's chairman is Bill Stothart. It manages 43 nature reserves totalling over 470 hectares, including:
Gharghavank
Gharghavank (also, Zoravor Church, Armenian: Զորավոր եկեղեցի) is a ruined Armenian Apostolic church located on the outskirts of the village of Zoravan, at the lower slopes of Mount Ara in Kotayk Province, Armenia. To get to the church, turn left immediately after the small cemetery before reaching the village and go up the dirt road that follows closely next to the cemetery grounds. At the fork, keep following left up past the cemetery along a poorly maintained dirt road. After traveling some distance, the church will be perched upon the hillside to the right. Gharghavank may actually be seen from the main highway in the distance, but is hardly distinguishable from the other ruins of more modern structures scattered nearby. A short walk up the hill leads to the church and an ancient cemetery a little further up the hill.

Khachkar
A khachkar (also spelled as khatchkar) or Armenian cross-stone (Armenian: խաչքար, pronounced [χɑtʃʰˈkʰɑɾ], խաչ xačʿ "cross" + քար kʿar "stone") is a carved, memorial stele bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, interlaces, and botanical motifs. Khachkars are characteristic of medieval Christian Armenian art.

Since 2010, khachkars, their symbolism and craftsmanship are inscribed in the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Mindarabin, Western Australia
Mindarabin is a rural locality of the Shire of Gnowangerup in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Mindarabin borders the townsite of Ongerup in the south-east and is home to three unnamed nature reserves in the north. Chester Pass Road passes through the centre of the locality from south to north.

Shire of Gnowangerup
The Shire of Gnowangerup is a local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Albany and about 370 kilometres (230 mi) southeast of the capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 4,268 square kilometres (1,648 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Gnowangerup.
Scalford
Scalford is a village and civil parish in the Melton borough of Leicestershire, England. It lies 4 miles (6.4 km) to the north of Melton Mowbray at the southern end of the Vale of Belvoir. In the 2011 census the parish (including Chadwell and Wycomb) had a population of 608.

Melton Mowbray
Melton Mowbray (/ˈmɛltən ˈmoʊbri/) is a market town in the Melton district in Leicestershire, England, 19 miles (31 km) north-east of Leicester and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Nottingham. It lies on the River Eye, known below Melton as the Wreake. The town had a population of 27,670 in 2019. The town is sometimes promoted as Britain's "Rural Capital of Food"; it is the home of the Melton Mowbray pork pie and is the location of one of six licensed makers of Stilton cheese.
Brake cleaner
Brake cleaner is a mostly colorless cleaning agent, designed for cleaning brake dust from the brake disks and other components of motor vehicles. It is also frequently used for cleaning other parts including the engine compartment as a general parts cleaner, although this is not a recommended use case by most manufacturers. An important feature is that the brake cleaner leaves no residue after the solvents evaporate.

Organochlorine chemistry
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds that contain one or more carbon–chlorine bonds. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties of organochlorides lead to a broad range of names, applications, and properties. Organochlorine compounds have wide use in many applications, though some are of profound environmental concern, with DDT and TCDD being among the most notorious.

Organochlorides such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane and chloroform are commonly used as solvents and are referred to as "chlorinated solvents".
Mill conversion
Mill Conversion or mill rehab is a form of adaptive reuse in which a historic mill or industrial factory building is restored or rehabilitated into another use, such as residential housing, retail shops, office, or a mix of these non-industrial elements (mixed-use).

Lowell National Historical Park
Lowell National Historical Park is a National Historical Park of the United States located in Lowell, Massachusetts. Established in 1978 a few years after Lowell Heritage State Park, it is operated by the National Park Service and comprises a group of different sites in and around the city of Lowell related to the era of textile manufacturing in the city during the Industrial Revolution.  In 2019, the park was included as Massachusetts' representative in the America the Beautiful Quarters series.