hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles D. Robinson
Charles Dayon Robinson (October 22, 1822 – September 25, 1886) was an American businessman, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served as the 3rd Secretary of State of Wisconsin, and was the Mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1866 and 1872.

Secretary of State of Wisconsin
The secretary of state of Wisconsin is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Wisconsin, and is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of governor of Wisconsin. Twenty-nine individuals have held the office of secretary of state, two of whom have held non-consecutive terms. The incumbent is Sarah Godlewski, who was appointed by Governor Tony Evers on March 17, 2023, to replace long-time Secretary of State Doug La Follette.
MGM Cotai
MGM Cotai is a casino resort in Cotai, Macau, China. Opened on February 13, 2018, it is MGM Resorts International's second property in Macau, after the MGM Macau.

The hotel consists of 1,400 rooms and suites, a 2000-seat MGM Theater, a casino, meeting spaces, a retail promenade, 5-star spa facilities, retail stores, restaurants, and the awarded Emerald Tower, Emerald Villa, and Skylofts. It also features Nature's Art, an art garden which houses over 100,000 plants and more than 2,000 plant species, including several previously extinct species.

The hotel was featured in Series 3 of Amazing Hotels: Life Beyond the Lobby on BBC television.

Cotai
22°08′27″N 113°33′47″E﻿ / ﻿22.14082°N 113.56310°E﻿ / 22.14082; 113.56310
Cotai (Chinese: 路氹城; Jyutping: lou6 tam5 sing4; Portuguese: Cotai) is a 5.2-square-kilometer (2.0 sq mi) piece of reclaimed land on the top of the Seac Pai Bay between Taipa and Coloane islands in Macau that has connected two independent islands since 2005. The name, which is a portmanteau of Coloane and Taipa, can also refer to the island formed by the reclamation. In the second sense, the Special Administrative Region of Macau now consists of the Macau Peninsula, plus Cotai Island, about a mile to the south.

Cotai was created to provide Macau with a new gambling and tourism area, since Macau is so densely populated and land is scarce. Many hotels and casinos can now be found on the island. In 2006, a new hospital was founded in the Cotai area, the MUST Hospital, which is associated with the Macau University of Science and Technology Foundation.
Thallium(I) iodide
Thallium(I) iodide is a chemical compound with the formula TlI.  It is exists as both a solid and high temperature red polymorph. Thallium(I) iodide is one of several water-insoluble metal iodides, along with AgI, CuI, SnI2, SnI4, PbI2, and HgI2.

Iodide
An iodide ion is I−. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. In everyday life, iodide is most commonly encountered as a component of iodized salt, which many governments mandate. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.
2007 1000 Guineas
The 2007 1000 Guineas Stakes was a horse race held at Newmarket Racecourse on Sunday 6 May 2007. It was the 194th running of the 1000 Guineas.

The winner was Michael Ryan's Finsceal Beo, a chestnut filly trained by Jim Bolger at Coolcullen in County Carlow and ridden by Kevin Manning. Finsceal Beo's victory was the first in the race for her owner, trainer and jockey.

1000 Guineas Stakes
The 1000 Guineas Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and takes place each year in late April or early May on the Sunday following the 2000 Guineas Stakes.

It is the second of Britain's five Classic races, and the first of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the opening leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, followed by the Oaks and the St Leger, but the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.
Caterham Arms pub bombing
On 27 August 1975 a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded without warning at the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham, Surrey, England. There were no fatalities, but 33 people were injured, some severely, including three off-duty soldiers who lost limbs.

Time bomb
A time bomb (or a timebomb, time-bomb) is a bomb whose detonation is triggered by a timer. The use or attempted use of time bombs has been for various purposes including insurance fraud, terrorism, assassination, sabotage and warfare. They are a frequent plot device in thriller and action films as they offer a way of imparting a dramatic sense of urgency.
Roots – Judur – Shorashim
Roots – Judur – Shorashim is a non-profit based in the West Bank area of Gush Etzion, which aims to promote dialogue and trust between Israelis and Palestinians as a path to peace. They operate the only joint Israeli-Palestinian community center in the West Bank. In addition to their Gush Etzion center, they have three branches located in the Shomron area, the Jordan Valley and the South Hebron Hills.

The words “judur” and “shorashim” mean “roots” in Arabic and Hebrew respectively.

Gush Etzion
Gush Etzion (Hebrew: גּוּשׁ עֶצְיוֹן, lit. Etzion Bloc) is a cluster of Israeli settlements located in the Judaean Mountains, directly south of Jerusalem and Bethlehem in the West Bank. The core group includes four Jewish agricultural villages that were founded in 1943–1947, and  destroyed by the Arab Legion on May 13, 1948 in the 1948 Palestine war, in the Kfar Etzion massacre. The area was left outside of Israel with the 1949 armistice lines. These settlements were rebuilt after the 1967 Six-Day War, along with new communities that have expanded the area of the Etzion Bloc. As of 2011, Gush Etzion consisted of 22 settlements with a population of 70,000.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but Israel disagrees.
AN/ULQ-6
The AN/ULQ-6 was an electronic countermeasure (ECM) deception repeater and false-target generator used by the United States Navy, primarily on destroyers and frigates. It was often used in combination with the AN/WLR-1 countermeasures receiver, and both were replaced by the AN/SLQ-32 electronic warfare suite. The ULQ-6 was also used by the Brazilian Navy on Marcílio Dias and Mato Grosso-class destroyers, Royal Canadian Navy on Iroquois-class destroyers, Republic of Korea Navy on Chungbuk and Gangwon-class destroyers.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the AN/ULQ-6 designation represents the 6th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for a general utility countermeasures special/combination system. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense and some NATO electronic systems.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
Christmas Hills, Victoria
Christmas Hills is a locality in Victoria, Australia, 35 km (22 mi) north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Nillumbik local government area. Christmas Hills recorded a population of 365 at the 2021 census.

Christmas Hills is located between Kangaroo Ground and Yarra Glen, along Eltham-Yarra Glen Road (State Route C726), north of the Yarra River, in the Dandenong Ranges. In 1904, the Australian Handbook described Christmas Hills as "an excellent health resort".

The locality is very hilly, with One Tree Hill in the northwest rising to 372 m (1,220 ft) above sea level, and is home to several reserves, including One Tree Hill Reserve and Sugarloaf Reservoir Park, opened in 1980 and managed by Melbourne Water.

Yarra Glen
Yarra Glen is a town in Victoria, Australia, 55 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Yarra Glen recorded a population of 3,012 at the 2021 census.
Music for Speeding
Music for Speeding is the fifth studio album by guitarist Marty Friedman, released on May 20, 2003 through Favored Nations Entertainment. It was his first solo album since True Obsessions in 1996 and since leaving Megadeth in January 2000.

True Obsessions
True Obsessions is the fourth studio album by guitarist Marty Friedman, released on April 17, 1996 through Toshiba EMI (Japan) and October 8, 1996 through Shrapnel Records (United States). It was also the last to feature Nick Menza on drums.
Whitney J. Oates
Whitney Jennings "Mike" Oates (December 2, 1903 – October 15, 1973) was an American classical scholar, editor, and educator. A long-serving member and chair of the Princeton University Department of Classics, he was also a trustee of the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation.

Eugene O'Neill Jr.
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill Jr. (May 5, 1910 – September 25, 1950) was an American professor of Greek literature and the only child of Nobel Prize-winning playwright Eugene O'Neill and his first wife, Kathleen Jenkins.
War of Milan against Como
The war of Milan against Como, sometimes called the 10-Year War, was a conflict over the control of Insubria, Brianza and Valtellina in the early 12th century, fought between the comuni of Milan and Como. It resulted in the defeat and destruction of the latter, cementing Milan's position as the dominant power in Lombardy.

Bellagio, Lombardy
Bellagio (Italian: [belˈlaːdʒo]; Comasco: Belàs [beˈlaːs]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region of Italy. It is situated on Lake Como, known also by its Latin name Lario, where the lake's two southern arms branch, creating the Triangolo lariano. Bellagio's location at the tip of this promontory, looking out across the lake's northern arm towards the Alps, has long been noted for its scenic beauty. Bellagio is part of the Comunità montana del Triangolo lariano, headquartered in Canzo.
Maisuma
Maisuma (Urdu pronunciation: [mɑːiːsʊmɑː] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [maːjsum]) is a densely populated neighborhood of Srinagar in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir which  is bordered on the north by Gawkadal bridge and on the South by Lal Chowk. River Jhelum forms it western border.

Lal Chowk
Lal Chowk (lit. 'Red Square') is a city square in Srinagar, in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

The square was given its name by left-wing activists who were inspired by the Russian Revolution as they fought the princely state Maharaja, Hari Singh. It has traditionally served as a place for political meetings, with Jawaharlal Nehru (the first prime minister of India) and Sheikh Abdullah of Jammu and Kashmir, respectively, as well as other prominent political leaders having addressed the people from it. The clock tower at Lal Chowk was built in 1980.
Huidong County, Guangdong
Huidong County (simplified Chinese: 惠东县; traditional Chinese: 惠東縣; pinyin: Huìdōng Xiàn; Jyutping: wai6 dung1 jyun6) is a county of southeastern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, with some South China Sea coast in the south of the county. It is under the administration of Huizhou City.

Huizhou
Huizhou (Chinese: 惠州) is a city in east-central Guangdong Province, China, forty-three miles north of Hong Kong. Huizhou borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the west, Shenzhen and Dongguan to the southwest, Shaoguan to the north, Heyuan to the northeast, Shanwei to the east, and Daya Bay of the South China Sea to the south. As of the 2020 census, the city has about 6,042,852 inhabitants and is administered as a prefecture-level city. Huizhou's core metropolitan area, which is within Huicheng and Huiyang Districts, is home to around 2,090,578 inhabitants.
Corruption in Argentina
Corruption in Argentina remains a serious problem. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina.

A 1996 article in The New York Times noted that "payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common among the private sector, and the lack of transparency in government regulations and laws has triggered an increased uncertainty among investors.

The Financial Action Task Force removed Argentina from its "gray list" in October 2014, noting significant progress made by the country in improving its legislation and procedures against money laundering and illicit financing.

J.P. Morgan & Co.
J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.
Nima, Gansu
Nima (Mandarin: 尼玛镇) is a town in Maqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, China. In 2010, Nima had a total population of 17,820: 9,936 males and 7,884 females: 3,910 aged under 14, 13,276 aged between 15 and 65 and 634 aged over 65.

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
34°59′N 102°55′E﻿ / ﻿34.98°N 102.91°E﻿ / 34.98; 102.91

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 甘南藏族自治州; pinyin: Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Tibetan: ཀན་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie: Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul, ZWPY: Gainlho Poirig Ranggyong Kü) is an autonomous prefecture in southern Gansu Province, China, bordering Linxia to the north, Dingxi to the northeast, Longnan to the east and Aba (Sichuan province) to the south. It includes Xiahe and the Labrang Monastery, Luqu, Maqu and other mostly Tibetan towns and villages. Gannan has an area of 40,898 km2 (15,791 sq mi) and its capital is Hezuo city (Zoi). In the first year of the proclamation of Gannan Autonomous District, the district-seat was at the Labrang Town of Sangqu.
Museology
Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.

Ecomuseum
An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance the welfare and development of local communities. Ecomuseums originated in France, the concept being developed by Georges Henri Rivière and Hugues de Varine, who coined the term ‘ecomusée’ in 1971. The term "éco" is a shortened form for "écologie", but it refers especially to a new idea of holistic interpretation of cultural heritage, in opposition to the focus on specific items and objects, performed by traditional museums.

There are presently about 300 operating ecomuseums in the world; about 200 are in Europe, mainly in France, Italy, Spain, and Poland.
Nishihata Station
Nishihata Station (西畑駅, Nishihata-eki) is a railway station operated by the Isumi Railway Company's Isumi Line, located in Ōtaki, Chiba Prefecture Japan. It is 25.1 kilometers from the eastern terminus of the Izumi Line at Ōhara Station.

Ōhara Station (Chiba)
Ōhara Station (大原駅, Ōhara-eki) is a junction passenger railway station in the city of Isumi, Chiba, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the third-sector railway operator Isumi Railway.
1962 Grand National
The 1962 Grand National was the 116th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 31 March 1962.

The race was won by Kilmore, a 28/1 shot ridden by jockey Fred Winter. The 12-year-old horse was trained by Ryan Price. Wyndburgh was second, and Mr. What finished third. Thirty-two horses ran and all returned safely to the stables.

Kilmore was owned by movie executives Nat Cohen and Stuart Levy.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
Hindutash Pass
Hindu-tagh Pass, also known as Hindutash, is a historical mountain pass in the western Xinjiang, China. The pass cuts through the Kunlun Mountains connecting the now-deserted town of Kangxiwar in the Karakash River valley to the town of Pusha in the Pusha Jilga valley (36°23′00″N 79°00′00″E﻿ / ﻿36.3833°N 79°E﻿ / 36.3833; 79; formerly Bushia). It also connects to the road to the city of Hotan (formerly Khotan or Ilchi; see adjacent maps).

G580 is under construction connecting Kangxiwar directly with Hotan. It will tunnel under Hindutash, connect with the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway G219 to the south after numerous hairpin turns. It is scheduled to be completed in 2022.

"Hindu-tagh" means "Indian Mountain," and "Hindu-tash," "Indian stone" in the Uyghur dialect of Xinjiang.

Aurel Stein
Sir Marc Aurel Stein, KCIE, FRAS, FBA
(Hungarian: Stein Márk Aurél; 26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a professor at Indian universities.

Stein was also an ethnographer, geographer, linguist and surveyor. His collection of books and manuscripts bought from Dunhuang caves is important for the study of the history of Central Asia and the art and literature of Buddhism. He wrote several volumes on his expeditions and discoveries which include Ancient Khotan, Serindia and Innermost Asia.
Takahito, Prince Mikasa
Takahito, Prince Mikasa (三笠宮崇仁親王, Mikasa-no-miya Takahito Shinnō; 2 December 1915 – 27 October 2016) was a Japanese prince, the youngest of the four sons of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako). He was their last surviving child. His eldest brother was Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito). After serving as a junior cavalry officer in the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II, Takahito embarked upon a post-war career as a scholar and part-time lecturer in Middle Eastern studies and Semitic languages.

Prince Mikasa married Yuriko Takagi in 1941, and they had five children. Prince and Princess Mikasa outlived all three of their sons. With the death of his sister-in-law Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu, on 17 December 2004, Prince Mikasa became the oldest living member of the Imperial House of Japan. He remained active until a few months before his death at the age of 100. At the time of his death, Prince Mikasa was the oldest living royal.

Noriko Senge
Noriko Senge (千家 典子, Senge Noriko; born 22 July 1988), formerly Princess Noriko of Takamado (典子女王, Noriko Joō), is a former member of the Imperial House of Japan and the second daughter of Norihito, Prince Takamado and Hisako, Princess Takamado. She married Kunimaro Senge, a commoner, on 5 October 2014. As a result, she gave up her imperial title and left the Japanese imperial family, as required by law.
¿Qué dice la gente?
¿Qué dice la gente? (or What Do People Say?) is a Spanish-language adaptation of the American game show Family Feud which was produced in the United States, that aired on Spanish-language channel Telefutura (now UniMás) in 2006. It was itself the American version of Mexican game show, 100 mexicanos dijeron, originally hosted by Marco Antonio Regil for two seasons from 2006 until 2008 followed by Omar Chaparro who took over for the last nine weeks of the series when it was filmed in Miami. Jackie Vilarino and Survivor: Nicaragua Contestant Brenda Lowe both served as co-hosts for the show's run. The show premiered on June 12, 2006, and ended on November 14, 2008. In 2008, the show was reduced to a half-hour in order to pair up with the Spanish-language version of the short-lived 1982-83 American game show Child's Play under the name Dame la Pista or (Give Me a Clue) hosted by Alessandra Rosaldo, but it was ultimately cancelled along with ¿Qué dice la gente? for "unknown" reasons.

100 mexicanos dijeron
100 mexicanos dijeron (Spanish for One hundred Mexicans said), later rebranded to 100 mexicanos dijieron, is a Mexican version of the Goodson-Todman game show from the 1970s, Family Feud, produced in Mexico City by the Las Estrellas.

From 2001 to 2006 the show was hosted by Marco Antonio Regil and was called 100 Mexicanos Dijeron. In 2009 the program was revived this time hosted by "El Vítor" (Adrián Uribe) and titled El Vítor presenta 100 Mexicanos Dijieron. The newest season premiered on April 30, 2017 and was titled as 100 Mexicanos Dijieron.
Vilna Jorgen Morpurgo
Vilna Jorgen Morpurgo (born Adele Vilhelma Ludvikke Larsen Nilsen, 10 June 1900 in Oslo; died 1975 in Sag Harbor) was a Scandinavian-American painter and sculptor. She represented Norway in both the 1939 New York World's Fair and the first art exhibition of the United Nations 1944 at the Argent Gallery in New York City, as well as the second United Nations Exhibit in 1947. In the 1930s she defied both Hitler and Mussolini who had commissioned her to do a commemorative sculpture. Residing in Sag Harbor, she, as well as both her artistic daughters, are featured in the local house tour circuit

Sag Harbor, New York
Sag Harbor is an incorporated village in Suffolk County, New York, United States, in the towns of Southampton and East Hampton on eastern Long Island. The village developed as a working port on Gardiners Bay. The population was 2,772 at the 2020 census.

The entire business district is listed as the historic Sag Harbor Village District on the National Register of Historic Places. A major whaling and shipping port in the 19th century, by the end of this period and in the 20th century, it became a destination for wealthy people who summered there.

Sag Harbor is about three-fifths in Southampton and two-fifths in East Hampton; the town boundary being Division Street. Its landmarks include structures associated with whaling and its early days when it was designated as the first port of entry to the new United States. It had the first United States custom house erected on Long Island.