hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Career Advancement Accounts
Career Advancement Accounts are an attempt to better educate low-income individuals created by George W. Bush as part of the American Competitiveness Initiative.  It is being administered through Employment and Training Administration.

Employment and Training Administration
The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) is part of the U.S. Department of Labor. Its mission is to provide training, employment, labor market information, and income maintenance services. ETA administers federal government job training and worker dislocation programs, federal grants to states for public employment service programs, and unemployment insurance benefits. These services are primarily provided through state and local workforce development systems.

President Joe Biden nominated labor lawyer and Florida politician José Javier Rodríguez for the position of Assistant Secretary for Employment and Training, the agency's leader, on June 2, 2021; he was confirmed by the Senate on March 21, 2024.
Ian Mann
Ian R. Mann FRSC (born 6 June 1970) is a British space weather researcher. He is a Full Professor of physics at the University of Alberta and former Canada Research Chair in Space Physics. In 2020, Mann was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in recognition of how his "research has delivered transformative understanding of extreme space radiation and geospace dynamics."

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Aung San Oo
Aung San Oo (Burmese: အောင်ဆန်းဦး, born in 1943) is a Burmese American engineer who is the elder brother of politician and Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi; the two are the only surviving children of Burmese independence leader Aung San.

National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
The National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အမျိုးသားညွန့်ပေါင်းအစိုးရ [pjìdàʊɰ̃zṵ mjəmà nàɪɰ̃ŋàɰ̃ əmjóðá ɲʊ̰ɰ̃báʊɰ̃ əsója̰]; NCGUB) was an administration which claimed to be the government in exile of Burma (Myanmar). It had its headquarters in Rockville, Maryland, United States. It was formally established in December 1990, with Sein Win as its first prime minister. It was dissolved in September 2012.
Maurice Tougas
Maurice Tougas (born February 19, 1956) is a Canadian politician, who formerly represented the electoral district of Edmonton Meadowlark in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. He is a member of the Liberal Party.  He was first elected in the 2004 election, when he defeated incumbent Progressive Conservative Bob Maskell, but did not seek re-election at the conclusion of his term.

Before entering politics, Tougas wrote a weekly column for the Edmonton Examiner. He resigned from this position when he declared his candidacy in 2004, in order to avoid any conflicts of interest.  He was a columnist and editor for the Edmonton alternative weekly SEE magazine until the magazine ceased publication in 2011.

Tougas' 2004 campaign was distinguished by being one of the lowest budget successful campaigns in recent provincial election history, spending less than $5400.

Alberta Liberal Party
53°32′40″N 113°32′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.5445°N 113.5356°W﻿ / 53.5445; -113.5356

The Alberta Liberal Party (French: Parti libéral de l'Alberta) is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1905, it is the oldest active political party in Alberta and was the dominant political party until the 1921 election, with the first three provincial Premiers being Liberals.  Since 1921, it has formed the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta several times, most recently from 1993 until 2012. Fourteen Liberals have served as Leader of the Opposition of Alberta.

The party was affiliated with the Liberal Party of Canada until 1976.
The EPs 1992–1994
The EPs 1992–1994 is a compilation album by David Gray, released in July 2001. The compilation's release coincided with Hut Records' reissues of Gray's first two albums, A Century Ends and Flesh. The EPs 1992–1994 collects the singles and their B-sides released during that time period, as well as the enhanced music videos for "Shine" and "Wisdom."

A Century Ends
A Century Ends is the debut studio album by musician David Gray, released on 12 April 1993. Following the success of Gray's fourth album White Ladder, which sparked an interest in his back catalogue, A Century Ends was re-released in July 2001. Three singles were released from the album: "Birds Without Wings", "Shine" and "Wisdom."
Ghica family
The House of Ghica (or Ghika) (Romanian: Ghica; Albanian: Gjika; Greek: Γκίκας, Gikas) was a Romanian noble family of Albanian origin whose members held significant positions in Wallachia, Moldavia and later in the Kingdom of Romania, between the early 17th century and late 19th century. The Ghica family produced many voivodes of Wallachia and Moldavia and two Prime Ministers of Romania. Several branches of the family still exist today.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)
The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Externe) is the ministry responsible for external affairs of the Romanian Government. The current foreign minister is Oana Țoiu.
Richard K. Fox (pilot boat)
The Richard K. Fox, first named  Lillie, was a 19th-century pilot boat built in 1876 for Boston Pilots. She was designed by model by Dennison J. Lawlor. She was one of the most graceful and attractive of the Boston pilot-boats and represented a trend toward deep-bodied boats. She was later sold to the New York pilots and renamed Richard K. Fox in honor of the famous sportsman and publisher of the Police Gazette. In the age of steam, she was sold in 1896 to the Marine Hospital Service.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Faragher
Faragher is a surname of Manx origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Danny Faragher (born 1947), American rock/soul musician

Davey Faragher (born 1957), American bass guitarist

Donna Faragher (born 1975), Australian, politician

Edward Faragher (1831–1908), Manx poet, folklorist and cultural guardian

Harold Faragher (1917–2006), English cricketer

John Mack Faragher (born 1945), American historian

Kathleen Faragher (1904–1974), Manx writer

Ramsey Faragher (born 1981), British entrepreneur

Tommy Faragher, American music composer and producer

Manx surnames
Surnames originating on the Isle of Man reflect the recorded history of the island, which can be divided into three different eras — Gaelic, Norse, and English. In consequence most Manx surnames are derived from the Gaelic or Norse languages.
Desiree Charbonnet
Desiree Mary Charbonnet ( /ˈdɛzʌreɪ ˈʃɑːrboʊneɪ/ DEZ-uh-ray SHAR-boh-nay; born on June 5, 1968) is an American politician, attorney, former Orleans Parish Recorder of Mortgages, and former Chief Judge of Orleans Parish Municipal Court. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Charbonnet is a relative of Louis Charbonnet, III who was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1972. Louis Charbonnet, III, one of the original 10 members of the Louisiana Legislative Black Caucus, was one of the first African Americans elected to serve in the Louisiana House of Representatives since the Reconstruction era. The Charbonnet family traces their New Orleans roots back to the 1790s.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
Ministry of Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development
The Ministry of Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development is a ministry in Zambia. It was called the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Development prior to the 2021 general election. It is responsible for overseeing infrastructure development, housing policies, and urban planning in the country. The ministry plays a key role in national development through the construction and maintenance of roads, public buildings, and housing projects. It is headed by the minister of infrastructure, housing and urban development.

It is the parent ministry of the Road Development Agency (RDA), the National Housing Authority (NHA) and the National Council for Construction (NCC). It is one of the five ministries that form the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Council, with the other four being the Ministry of Finance and National Planning, Ministry of Technology and Science, Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Transport and Logistics.

Ministry of Technology and Science (Zambia)
The Ministry of Technology and Science is the ministry of the government of the Republic of Zambia which coordinates science and technology activities in Zambia. The office is located in Lusaka. The ministry is responsible for formulating guidelines and related policies for science and technology in Zambia, development as well as promoting basic and special research on science and technology. The minister responsible for the ministry is Felix C Mutati who took the office on September 17, 2021.
Slop (search algorithms)
Slop (or slop amount) is a parameter in information retrieval and full-text search algorithms that defines the maximum number of positions words in a query are allowed to move to match a document. It transforms a strict "phrase match" into a "proximity search," allowing for missing words, extra words, or variations in word order within a specified "edit distance" of terms.

The term is primarily used in Apache Lucene-based search engines, such as Elasticsearch and OpenSearch.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Pancreas disease in farmed salmon
Salmon Pancreas disease (PD or SPD) is caused by a species of Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) called Salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV). The virus was first described in 1976 in Scotland and in 1989 in Norway. It affects farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by Marine SAV2 and SAV3 and has also been identified in Rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) in the seawater phase caused by SAV2 where the disease is commonly referred to as Sleeping Disease (SD).

Alphavirus
Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. There are 32 alphavirus species, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates. Alphaviruses that can infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred to as dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vector. Transmission between species and their vertebrate hosts (including human) occurs mainly via mosquitoes, making the alphaviruses a member of the collection of arboviruses – or arthropod-borne viruses. Alphavirus particles are enveloped, have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid.
Glenn Rosenstein
Glenn Rosenstein is an American record producer, engineer, sound mixer and guitarist based in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, who engineered and produced many albums including the Grammy-winning  One Bright Day by Ziggy Marley. Rosenstein worked at Sigma Sound Studios in New York City in the 1980s. He owns and runs Skylight Studio.

Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers
Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers were a Jamaican-American reggae family group whose line-up consisted of the children of musicians Bob Marley and Rita Marley, including lead singer Ziggy Marley with Sharon Marley, Cedella Marley, and Stephen Marley. Formed in 1979 in Brooklyn, New York, Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers members began their musical endeavours in their pre-teens under the name the Melody Makers.

Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers were launched into mainstream recognition following the release of their best-selling fourth album, Conscious Party, which contained the hit single "Tomorrow People" and the number-one single "Tumblin' Down".

Their fifth album, One Bright Day, which contains themes of optimism and self-empowerment, was released in 1989. In 2000, they toured worldwide for the release of their live DVD, Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers Live (2001). In 1996, they sang the theme song for the animated children's TV series Arthur.
Kalamassery
Kalamassery ([kɐɭɐmɐʃːeːɾi]) is a major industrial region in the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India. It is located around 9 km (5.6 mi) northeast of the city centre.

Kalamassery is a major hub for industrial and IT activities in Kochi. In local administration it is a municipality. The Kalamassery Industrial Estate set up by the Government of Kerala is home to many major companies. Kalamassery is also home to educational institutions such as the National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Ernakulam Medical College, and the Cochin University of Science and Technology. The area's location along the NH 66 and proximity to the IT centres in Kakkanad has enabled it to see a large spurt in economic development since the 1980s.

Kakkanad
Kakkanad is a suburb in Kochi, Kerala, located 7 km (4.3 mi) east of the city centre. The term is used to refer to an area covering Thrikkakara municipality and the built-up areas in the western parts of the adjoining Kunnathunad grama panchayat.

Kakkanad is a region of great economic importance within the larger Kochi metropolis. It houses multiple industrial and IT projects including the Cochin Special Economic Zone, Infopark, Smart City and KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park. It is also the administrative headquarters of the District of Ernakulam.
Euomphaloceratinae
Euomphaloceratinae is a subfamily of Upper Cretaceous ammonites included in the Acanthoceratidae, characterized by generally evolute shells with quadrate whorl sections that are strongly ribbed. Sutures are ammonitic, but not overly complex.

Genera include:

Burroceras

Codazziceras

Euomphaloceras, (type genus)

Hourcqiceras

Kamerunoceras

Lotzeites

Morrowites

Paraburroceras

Paramammites

Pseudaspidoceras

Romaniceras

Shuparoceras

some of which have been removed from other taxa where originally placed.

Euomphaloceras, the type genus of the subfamily, was removed from the Acanthoceratinae sensu Arkell et al. 1957, Kamarunoceras and Pseuaspidoceras from the Mammitinae,  sensu Arkell et al. 1957.  Others were added since initial publication of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology in 1957.

Mammitinae
Mammitinae comprises a subfamily within the Acanthoceratidae (Ammonoidea) characterized by moderately to very evolute shells with rectangular to squarish whorl sections along with blunt umbilical and prominent inner and outer ventrolateral tubercles on sparse ribs that may be round and strong, sharp and narrow, or absent. The suture is somewhat simpler than that of the Acanthoceratinae. Range is restricted to the lower Turonian stage of the Upper Cretaceous.

Genera include:

Buccinammonites

Buchiceras

Cryptometoicoceras

Dunverganoceras Warren & Stelck, 1940

Mammites Laube & Bruden, 1886

Metasigaloceras Hyatt, 1903

Metoicoceras Hyatt, 1903

Mitonia

Nannometoicoceras

Parabuchiceras

Paracompsoceras

Plesiacanthoceras

Praemetoicoceras

Pseudoaspidoceras Hyatt, 1903

Rhamphidoceras

Spathites

Texacanthoceras
ISO 3166-2:AG
ISO 3166-2:AG is the entry for Antigua and Barbuda in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Antigua and Barbuda, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for six parishes and two dependencies.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is AG, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Antigua and Barbuda. The second part is two digits:

03–08: parishes (all on the island of Antigua)

10–11: dependencies (Barbuda and Redonda)

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Picada (Colombian cuisine)
Picada or Picada Colombiana is a Colombian cuisine dish prepared with pieces of steak, chicken, arepa, potato, yuca (cassava), morcilla, chorizo, chicharron, carne de cerdo  and plantain. The ingredients are usually fried. The word picada means chopped in Spanish. Often served on large platters, picadas are usually served at gatherings and for special occasions.

Other types of Colombian picada can include chopped seafood (such as picada del mar).

Colombian cuisine
Colombian cuisine is a culinary tradition of six main regions within Colombia: Insular, Caribbean, Pacific, Andean, Orinoco, and Amazonian. Colombian cuisine varies regionally and is influenced by Indigenous Colombian, Spanish, and African cuisines, with a slight Arab influence in some regions.
2012 ITM Hamilton 400
The 2012 ITM Hamilton 400 was a motor race for the Australian sedan-based V8 Supercars. It was the third event of the 2012 International V8 Supercars Championship. It was held on the weekend of 20–22 April at the Hamilton Street Circuit, in Hamilton, New Zealand.

The event was dominated by the Ford Performance Racing team with Will Davison winning the Saturday race and Mark Winterbottom winning the Sunday race. Davison was the best performed driver over the whole weekend.

2012 International V8 Supercars Championship
The 2012 International V8 Supercar Championship (often simplified to the 2012 V8 Supercars Championship) was an FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for V8 Supercars. It was the fourteenth running of the V8 Supercar Championship Series and the sixteenth series in which V8 Supercars have contested the premier Australian touring car title. The championship began on 1 March at the Clipsal 500 and concluded on 2 December at the Homebush Street Circuit.

Jamie Whincup and Triple Eight Race Engineering started the season as the defending drivers' and teams' champions.

Whincup successfully defended his drivers' championship, wrapping up the title at Winton, with Triple Eight Race Engineering also wrapping up the teams' championship. Whincup's teammate Craig Lowndes took second in the points standings from Mark Winterbottom of Ford Performance Racing.
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies, telephone numbers are administered by the Office of Communications (Ofcom). For this purpose, Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, which is the system for assigning telephone numbers to subscriber stations.

Telephone numbers are of variable length. Local numbers are supported from landlines. Numbers can be dialled with a '0'-lead prefix that denotes either a geographical region or another service. Mobile phone numbers have distinct prefixes that are not geographic, and are portable between providers.

Phone-paid Services Authority
The Phone-paid Services Authority (PSA) was the regulatory body for all premium rate phone-paid services in the United Kingdom between 2016 and 2025. It supervised the content, goods and services that consumers could buy by charging the cost to their phone bills and pre-pay phone accounts.
Word of the year (Norway)
Årets ord (English: Word of the year) is named by the Language Council of Norway, since 2012 in cooperation with the Norwegian School of Economics.

Choices since 2008 have been finanskrise ('financial crisis'), svineinfluensa ('swine influenza'), askefast ('ash stuck'), rosetog ('rose march'), nave (referring to living on benefits from NAV, the public welfare agency, without really needing it) and sakte-TV ('slow-TV'). In addition, the language council mentions other notable words of the year; since 2012 it has listed ten words.

Language Council of Norway
The Language Council of Norway (Norwegian: Språkrådet, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsprôːkròːdə́]) is the administrative body of the Norwegian state on language issues. It regulates the two written forms of the Norwegian language: Bokmål and Nynorsk. It was established in 2005 and replaced the Norwegian Language Council (Norsk språkråd, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnɔʂk ˈsprôːkrǒːd]) which existed from 1974 to 2005.  It is a subsidiary agency of the Ministry of Culture and has forty-four employees (as per 2023). It is one of two organisations involved in language standardization in Norway, alongside the Norwegian Academy.
Buildings and architecture of Allentown, Pennsylvania
The buildings and architecture of Allentown, Pennsylvania reflect the city's history from its founding in 1762 through to the present.

Allentown is characterized by historic homes, churches, commercial structures, and century-old industrial buildings, some of which played a role in the American Revolution of the 18th century, or were centerpieces in the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Many of the city's homes and building structures rank among the oldest in the United States.

PPL Building
The PPL Building, formerly the Pennsylvania Power and Light Building, is a 24-story office building in Allentown, Pennsylvania. At 321.6 ft (98.0 m) in height, it is the tallest building in the city and the surrounding Lehigh Valley metropolitan area. The building is the headquarters for PPL Corporation, the main electricity provider for the Lehigh Valley, Northeastern Pennsylvania, and other regions of Pennsylvania and the United States.

The PPL Building is often uniquely illuminated at night, especially during the Christmas season, with a candle on one face of the building, and a Christmas tree on the other.