hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiaro Davanzati
Chiaro Davanzati (died 1304) was an Italian poet from Florence, one of the Siculo-Tuscan poets, who introduced the style of Sicilian School to the Tuscan School. He was one of the most prolific Italian authors before Dante: at least 122 sonnets and sixty-one canzoni by Chiaro are known, many of them in tenzone with other poets. Only Guittone d'Arezzo produced more lyrics in the thirteenth century.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Varik
Varik is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Betuwe, and lies about 8 km south of Tiel.

Varik was a separate municipality until 1978, when it became a part of Neerijnen.

Tiel
Tiel (Dutch pronunciation: [til] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the middle of the Netherlands. The town is enclosed by the Waal river and the Linge river to the South and the North, and the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal to the East. Tiel comprises the population centres Kapel-Avezaath, Tiel and Wadenoijen. The city was founded in the 5th century CE.
Os Magriços
Os Magriços was the nickname of the Portugal national football team which finished third at the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England. The team were based on the Benfica team that won two consecutive European Cups in 1961 and 1962, which included Mário Coluna, Eusébio, José Augusto, José Augusto Torres and António Simões. They were selected by Manuel da Luz Afonso and coached by Otto Glória. The nickname is derived from a 15th-century Portuguese chivalric legend - The Twelve of England (Portuguese: Os Doze de Inglaterra). It was made famous by the poet Luís de Camões in his 1572 Os Lusíadas. It tells the story of twelve Portuguese knights who travelled to England at the request of twelve English women to avenge their insult by a group of English knights. One of these Portuguese knights, Álvaro Gonçalves Coutinho, was nicknamed O Magriço.

1962 European Cup final
The 1962 European Cup final was a football match played at the Olympisch Stadion in Amsterdam, Netherlands on 2 May 1962 as the conclusion to the 1961–62 European Cup.

The match was contested by the only two teams to have previously won the trophy – defending champions Benfica of Portugal and five-time winners Real Madrid of Spain.

Benfica won the match 5–3 as they successfully defended their title. Ferenc Puskás became the first player to score a hat-trick in multiple European Cup finals after scoring four goals in the 1960 final and the first to score a hat-trick in a European Cup final for the losing side.
Ballari Cantonment railway station
Ballari Cantonment railway station (station code: BYC) is a second railway station in Ballari, Karnataka for local passenger trains only. It serves Ballari city. The station consists of two platforms, neither well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. it is situated in the Bellary cantonment.

Ballari
Ballari (Kannada: [bɐɭːaːri], formerly Bellary) is a city in the Ballari district in state of Karnataka, India.

Ballari houses many steel plants such as JSW Vijayanagar, one of the largest in Asia. Ballari district is also known as the ‘Steel city of South India’. Ballari is also the headquarters for Karnataka Gramina Bank which almost has more than 1100 + branches in Karnataka.
Metrosideros boninensis
Metrosideros boninensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to the Bonin Islands archipelago and is found exclusively on Chichijima Island, excepting for two remaining trees located on neighboring Anijima Island. M. boninensis is classified as 'endangered' in the Japanese Red Data Book and, although there were 326 plants recorded in 2004, genetic diversity of M. boninensis is extremely low. It is the northernmost species of the Metrosideros genus.

Metrosideros
Metrosideros (/ˌmɛtrəˈsɪdərəs, -troʊ-/; MET-roe-SID-uh-ruhs) is a genus of approximately 60 trees, shrubs, and vines in the family Myrtaceae, mostly found in the Pacific region. Most of the tree forms are small, but some are exceptionally large, the New Zealand species in particular. The name derives from the Ancient Greek metra or "heartwood" and sideron or "iron". Perhaps the best-known species are the pōhutukawa (M. excelsa), northern rātā (M. robusta) and southern rātā (M. umbellata) of New Zealand, and ʻōhiʻa lehua (M. polymorpha) from the Hawaiian Islands.
Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality (also called Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality) is an upper bound on the absolute value of the inner product between two vectors in an inner product space in terms of the product of the vector norms. It is considered one of the most important and widely used inequalities in mathematics.

Inner products of vectors can describe finite sums (via finite-dimensional vector spaces), infinite series (via vectors in sequence spaces), and integrals (via vectors in Hilbert spaces). The inequality for sums was published by Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1821). The corresponding inequality for integrals was published by Viktor Bunyakovsky (1859) and Hermann Schwarz (1888). Schwarz gave the modern proof of the integral version.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
2009–10 Genoa CFC season
Genoa had a mixed season, in which it struggled to replace world-class striker Diego Milito, who moved on to Internazionale, where he was key in winning the treble in 2010. Such a player was difficult to find, and his Argentinian replacements Hernán Crespo and Rodrigo Palacio lacked the final punch. Crespo had it in his younger years, of course, but despite four goals in the autumn, he was offloaded to Parma, as Genoa put its faith in David Suazo for the goalscoring. Sergio Floccari also departed, and the Lazio signing scored more goals for the Roman club in half the year than what any player did for Genoa the whole season, while Suazo became a flop. The defence did not perform at expected level either, and even though the team scored several goals by many players, the defensive holes ensured the team did not repeat the fifth position from the year before.

Rodrigo Palacio
Rodrigo Sebastián Palacio Alcalde (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈðɾiɣo paˈlasjo]; born 5 February 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a second striker. He is the son of José Ramón Palacio, a historic player of Club Olimpo during the 1980s. Palacio holds a Spanish passport, allowing him to be counted as an EU player.

At international level, Palacio has represented the Argentina national team at two FIFA World Cups and a Copa América, winning runner-up medals at the 2014 World Cup and the 2007 Copa América.

Beyond his qualities as a footballer, Palacio is also known for his rattail braid hairstyle.
Dannevirke railway station
Dannevirke railway station on the Palmerston North–Gisborne line of the North Island of New Zealand opened in 1884 to serve the expanding town of Danevirke. It is 124.87 km (77.59 mi) from Napier and 53.39 km (33.18 mi) from Palmerston North Junction. Its last regular passenger train was the Bay Express on 7 October 2001. It is occasionally used by excursion trains.

Palmerston North railway station
Palmerston North railway station is a main station on the North Island Main Trunk serving the city of Palmerston North in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand.

It is the northern terminus of the Capital Connection long-distance commuter train to Wellington and a major stop on the Northern Explorer service between Auckland and Wellington.

A new Palmerston North (regional) intermodal freight hub is proposed by KiwiRail for a site to the north-east of Palmerston North. The plan has been developed with a grant of $40 million from the Provincial Growth Fund, as announced by the minister Shane Jones on 15 November 2018. The freight hub would replace the Tremaine Avenue freight yard, which is to the east of the station and provides mainly for freight to Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin.
2 31 polytope
In 7-dimensional geometry, 231 is a uniform polytope, constructed from the E7 group.

Its Coxeter symbol is 231, describing its bifurcating Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with a single ring on the end of the 2-node branch.

The rectified 231 is constructed by points at the mid-edges of the 231.

These polytopes are part of a family of 127 (or 27−1) convex uniform polytopes in seven dimensions, made of uniform polytope facets and vertex figures, defined by all combinations of rings in this Coxeter-Dynkin diagram: .

Uniform 7-polytope
In seven-dimensional geometry, a 7-polytope is a polytope contained by 6-polytope facets. Each 5-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 6-polytope facets.

A uniform 7-polytope is one whose symmetry group is transitive on vertices and whose facets are uniform 6-polytopes.
Second Scutari War
The Second Scutari War (Albanian: Lufta e Dytë e Shkodrës; Serbo-Croatian: Други скадарски рат) was an armed conflict in 1419–1426 between Zeta (1419–1421) and then the Serbian Despotate (1421–1423) on the one side and the Venetian Republic on the other, over Shkodër and other former possessions of Zeta captured by Venice.

Drisht
Drisht (Albanian definite form: Drishti) is a village, former bishopric and Latin titular see (Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto) with an Ancient and notable medieval history (Latin Drivastum, Italian Drivasto) in Albania, 6 km from Mesi Bridge (Albanian: Ura e Mesit). It is located in the former municipality Postribë in the Shkodër County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkodër. The ruined 13th Century Drisht Castle is on a hilltop 300m above sea level. The ruins of the castle itself contains the remains of 11 houses, and below the ruins of the castle, and above the modern village of Drisht are further archeological remains of late-Roman and medieval Drivastum.
Tom Taylor (soccer)
Thomas Sylvester Taylor (4 December 1880 – 15 August 1945) was a Canadian amateur soccer player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics as a member of a Canadian team made-up of Galt F.C. players. In St. Louis he was the soccer tournament's joint top scorer with three goals as his side won the gold medal.

Galt F.C.
Galt Football Club was a soccer club based in Galt, Ontario, current day Cambridge, Ontario. It was formed in either 1881 or 1882. Galt won the 1901, 1902, and 1903 Ontario Cups, and most notably the 1904 Olympic soccer tournament.
Global Zero
Global Zero is a term in the literature of arms control that refers to the worldwide elimination of a weapons system, especially nuclear weapons or a particular class of nuclear weapons. In negotiations over the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, both sides discussed and eventually agreed to the "global zero option" in delivery vehicles with intermediate range. This option differed from other proposals that would only restrict the use of intermediate-range delivery vehicles in the European theater. The term "global zero" has also been used in connection with de-alerting nuclear weapons and the elimination of tactical nuclear weapons.

The generic term "global zero" or "zero" is often associated with nuclear disarmament or the worldwide elimination of nuclear weapons in arms control discourse. Various arms control campaigns have referred to themselves as Ground Zero or simply as Global Zero.

Arms control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
1993 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1993 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 23rd edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 26 September 1993 in Mühldorf, Germany.

The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England for the fourth time.

FIM Long Track World Championship
This is the complete list of Individual Long Track World Championship medalists from 1971. Also included are the medalists from 1957 to 1970 when the championship was known as the European Individual Long Track Championship.
Josiah Oldfield
Josiah Oldfield TD MRCS LRCP (28 February 1863 – 2 February 1953) was an English lawyer, physician, activist, and writer. He promoted his own variant of fruitarianism, which was virtually indistinguishable from lacto-ovo vegetarianism. Oldfield was a prolific writer of popular books on dietary and health topics. He also served in the Royal Army Medical Corps and received the Territorial Decoration for his service in World War I.

Vegetarian Society
The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom (VSUK) is a British registered charity. It campaigns for dietary changes, licenses Vegetarian Society Approved trademarks for vegetarian and vegan products, runs a cookery school and lottery, and organises National Vegetarian Week in the UK.

In the 19th century, various groups in Britain promoted meat-free diets, leading to the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847, which later split into the Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies in 1888 before reuniting in 1969, registering as a charity, and continued advocating for vegetarianism through public education and influencing food producers.
Big Twin Sauce
Big Twin Sauce is a condiment featured by the Hardee's and Carl's Jr. restaurant chain. The sauce is comparable in taste to Thousand Island dressing. The sauce is featured in Hardee's Big Hardee sandwich and Carl's Jr. Big Carl. Although the exact composition of the sauce is a trade-secret, its likely ingredients include mayonnaise, eggs, pickles, green onions, salt and pepper and chili sauce. It is comparable to McDonald's own special sauce, first released in 1975.

Americans have a longstanding history of being drawn to the flavor combination of Thousand Island dressing on a double cheeseburger. Standard cheeseburger condiments include ketchup, barbecue sauce, mayonnaise, relish, mustard, and also Thousand Island dressing.

Many fast food restaurants feature a similar style sauce. This includes Wendy's, Sonic Drive-In, Burger King, and Arby's.

Carl's Jr.
Carl's Jr. Restaurants LLC is an American fast-food restaurant chain owned by CKE Restaurant Holdings, Inc., who also owns Hardee's, with franchisees in North and South America, Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Africa.

In 2016, Entrepreneur listed Carl's Jr. as No. 54 on their Top Franchise 500 list, which ranks the overall financial strength, stability, and growth rate for the top 500 franchises in any field across the United States.

As of March 2016, CKE (the parent company of Carl's Jr. and Hardee's) has a total of 3,664 franchised or company-operated restaurants in 44 states (both chains are totally absent from New England) and 38 foreign countries and U.S. territories.
Shadowgraphy (performing art)
Shadowgraphy or ombromanie is the art of performing a story or show using images made by hand shadows. It can be called "cinema in silhouette". Performers are titled as a shadowgraphist or shadowgrapher.

The art has declined since the late 19th century when electricity became available to homes because light bulbs and electric lamps do not give off good shadows and because cinema and television were becoming a new form of entertainment. Shadows are greatly defined by candlelight; therefore hand shadows were common in earlier centuries.

The modern art of hand shadows was made popular by the French entertainer Félicien Trewey in the 19th century. He popularized the art by making silhouettes of famous personalities.

Tobias Bamberg
Tobias "Theo" Leendert Bamberg (1875–1963) was a professional magician. Born in the Netherlands, Bamberg performed under the name Okito which is an anagram of Tokio (Tokyo). His father had been court magician to King William III of the Netherlands, making Okito the sixth generation in a family of outstanding magicians known as the Bamberg Magical Dynasty.
Al-Qudsi
Al-Qudsi (Arabic: القدسي, romanized: al-Qudsī, lit. 'the Jerusalemite') is an Arabic nisba. Notable people with the surname include:

Adli Qudsi, Syrian architect

Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi, former Governor General of the State of Aleppo

Nazim al-Qudsi, former president of Syria

Safwan al-Qudsi, Syrian politician

Nazim al-Qudsi
Nazim al-Qudsi (Arabic: ناظم القدسي, romanized: Nāẓim al-Qudsī or Nadhim Al-Kudisi; 14 February 1906 – 6 February 1998), was a Syrian politician who served as the president of Syria from 14 December 1961 to 8 March 1963.
IRENE (technology)
IRENE (Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.) is a digital imaging technology designed to recover analog audio stored on fragile or deteriorating phonograph cylinders, records, and other grooved audio media. It is in use by several archives and preservation institutions in the United States seeking to preserve and digitize historical audio.

Preservation (library and archive)
In conservation, library and archival science, preservation is a set of preventive conservation activities aimed at prolonging the life of a record, book, or object while making as few changes as possible. Preservation activities vary widely and may include monitoring the condition of items, maintaining the temperature and humidity in collection storage areas, writing a plan in case of emergencies, digitizing items, writing relevant metadata, and increasing accessibility. Preservation, in this definition, is practiced in a library or an archive by a conservator, librarian, archivist, or other professional when they perceive a collection or record is in need of maintenance.

Preservation should be distinguished from interventive conservation and restoration, which refers to the treatment and repair of individual items to slow the process of decay, or restore them to a usable state. "Preventive conservation" is used interchangeably with "preservation".
José Ángel Crespo
José Ángel Crespo Rincón (born 9 February 1987) is a Spanish former professional footballer. Mainly a central defender, he could also play as a full-back.

He made 74 La Liga appearances for Sevilla, Racing de Santander, Córdoba and Rayo Vallecano, and also had brief spells in Serie A with Bologna and the Premier League with Aston Villa. He won a Super League and four cups with Greece's PAOK.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
1998–99 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team
The 1998–99 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, which was the Jayhawks' 101st basketball season. The head coach was Roy Williams, who served his 11th year at KU. The team played its home games in Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas.

1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 1998 and concluded with the 64-team 1999 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, whose finals were held at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Connecticut Huskies earned their first national championship by defeating the Duke Blue Devils, 77–74, on March 29, 1999. They were coached by Jim Calhoun, and the NCAA basketball tournament Most Outstanding Player was Richard Hamilton.

In the 32-team 1999 National Invitation Tournament, the California Golden Bears defeated the Clemson Tigers at the Madison Square Garden in New York City.

Following the season, the 1999 NCAA Men's Basketball All-American Consensus First Team included Elton Brand, Mateen Cleaves, Richard Hamilton, Andre Miller and Jason Terry. The consensus second team was composed of Evan Eschmeyer, Steve Francis, Trajan Langdon, Chris Porter, and Wally Szczerbiak.
Madrid Protocol of 1885
The Madrid Protocol of 1885 was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain to recognize the sovereignty of Spain over the Sulu Archipelago as well as the limit of Spanish influence in the region. Under the agreement, Spain relinquished all claim to Borneo.

The Spanish Government renounces, as far as regards the British Government, all claims of sovereignty over the
territories of the continent of Borneo, which belong, or which have belonged in the past to the Sultan of Sulu (Jolo), and
which comprise the neighbouring islands of Balambangan, Banguey, and Malawali, as well as all those comprised within
a zone of three maritime leagues from the coast, and which form part of the territories administered by the Company styled the "British North Borneo Company".

Another important point regarding the agreement relates to Article IV, which guarantees no restriction on trade to the parties of the protocol within the Sulu Archipelago and North Borneo.

North Borneo Chartered Company
The North Borneo Chartered Company (NBCC), also known as the British North Borneo Company (BNBC), was a British chartered company formed on 1 November 1881 to administer and exploit the resources of North Borneo (present-day Sabah in Malaysia). The territory became a protectorate of the British Empire in 1888 but the company remained involved with the territory until 1946, when administration was fully assumed by the Crown colony government.

The company also temporarily administered the island of Labuan in 1890 before it became part of the Straits Settlements. The company motto was Pergo et Perago, which means "I persevere and I achieve" in Latin. Its founder and its first chairman was Alfred Dent.