hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic endonasal surgery
Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a minimally invasive technique used mainly in neurosurgery and  otolaryngology. A neurosurgeon or an otolaryngologist, using an endoscope that is entered through the nose, fixes or removes brain defects or tumors in the anterior skull base. Normally an otolaryngologist performs the initial stage of surgery through the nasal cavity and sphenoid bone; a neurosurgeon performs the rest of the surgery involving drilling into any cavities containing a neural organ such as the pituitary gland. The use of endoscope was first introduced in Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery by R Jankowsky, J Auque, C Simon et al. in 1992 G (Laryngoscope. 1992 Feb;102(2):198-202).

Sella turcica
The sella turcica (Latin for 'Turkish saddle') is a saddle-shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid bone of the human skull and of the skulls of other hominids including chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. It serves as a cephalometric landmark. The pituitary gland or hypophysis is located within the most inferior aspect of the sella turcica, the hypophyseal fossa.
Lynda Hale
Lynda Hale is a former England women's international footballer who played as a winger.  She represented the England national team at senior international level and spent most of her career at  Southampton Women's F.C.

1979 WFA Cup final
The 1979 WFA Cup Final was the ninth final of the FA Women's Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. It was the ninth final to be held under the direct control of Women's Football Association (WFA). Southampton and Lowestoft contested the match at Jubilee Park, the home of Waterlooville F.C. on 6 May 1979. The match ended 1–0 in favour of Southampton.
Gymnastics Club Ergotelis
The Gymnastics Club «Ergotelis» Heraklion Crete (Greek: Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος «O Εργοτέλης» Ηρακλείου Κρήτης, Γ.Σ. Εργοτέλης), also known simply as Ergotelis (Greek: Εργοτέλης), is a Greek multi sport club based in Heraklion, Crete. The name of the club was inspired by that of the famous ancient Cretan expatriate Olympic runner Ergoteles of Himera.  Officially founded in 1929, Ergotelis' colours are yellow and black. The club runs multiple football and basketball departments for both men and women playing in both regional and domestic competitions.

Football League (Greece)
The Football League (Greek: Φούτμπολ Λιγκ), also officially known as Beta Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Β΄ Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'Second National Division'), was second-tier professional men's association football league in Greece since its inception in 1962 as Beta Ethniki and until 2019. It then served as a third-tier professional men's association football league after the creation of the Greek Super League 2 as the new second-tier professional men's association football league and it was eventually abolished in 2021 when the 2021–22 Super League 2 went from a 12 team to a 36 team league, absorbing most of the clubs from the Football League.
Alexius
Alexius is the Latinized form of the given name Alexios (Greek: Αλέξιος, polytonic Ἀλέξιος, "defender", cf. Alexander), especially common in the Byzantine Empire. The female form is Alexia (Greek: Αλεξία) and its variants such as Alessia (the masculine form of which is Alessio) in Italian.

The name belongs to the most ancient attested Greek names (a-re-ke-se-u in the Linear B tablets KN Df 1229 and MY Fu 718).

Alexander
Alexander (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος) is a masculine name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander, Oleksandr, Oleksander, Aleksandr, and Alekzandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexsander, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa, Aleksandre, Alejandro, Alessandro, Alasdair, Sasha, Sandy, Sandro, Sikandar, Skander, Sander and Xander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha.
Evanílson (footballer, born 1975)
Evanílson Aparecido Ferreira (born 12 September 1975), known simply as Evanílson, is a Brazilian former professional footballer.

A player of wide range who spent most of his career with Borussia Dortmund, he could play as either a right back or midfielder.

1999 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup was the fourth FIFA Confederations Cup, and the second organised by FIFA. The tournament was hosted by Mexico between 24 July and 4 August 1999.

The tournament was won by Mexico, who beat Brazil 4–3 in the final. Mexico became the first host nation to win the FIFA Confederations Cup. The competition was to originally be held in three stadiums, in three cities in the country. However, since the stadiums in Monterrey were sponsored by a competing beer company other than the official advertiser, the city was left out of the tournament altogether. The tournament was originally scheduled for 8–20 January 1999, but was rescheduled by FIFA on 17 November 1998 to accommodate the scheduling of the participating European teams.

The tournament was organized in two groups of four teams, in which two teams from both groups advanced to the semi-finals.
Australian Federation of Islamic Councils
The Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (AFIC), founded in 1964 as Australian Federation of Islamic Societies (AFIS) and also known as Muslims Australia, is a not-for-profit umbrella organisation to represent Sunni Muslims across Australia.

It is not to be confused with the Australian National Imams Council, which also appoints its own Grand Mufti of Australia.

Islamic Council of Queensland
The Islamic Council of Queensland (ICQ), established in 1969, an Australian Muslim organisation acting as the central representative body for the Muslim community and local Islamic organisations in Queensland, Australia. The Council provides a number of social and religious services for Muslims in the area.
Oleg Sidorov
Oleg Sidorov (Uzbek: Олег Сидоров; born September 15, 1983) is an Uzbek former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. Sidorov qualified for the men's 100 m breaststroke at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by achieving a FINA B-standard of 1:04.91 from the Russian Championships in Moscow. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including three-time Olympians Jean Luc Razakarivony of Madagascar and Yevgeny Petrashov of Kyrgyzstan. He rounded out the field to last place by more than half a second (0.50) behind Petrashov in 1:08.30. Sidorov failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fifty-sixth overall out of 60 swimmers on the first day of preliminaries.

Yevgeny Petrashov
Yevgeny Petrashov (born September 4, 1974) is a Kyrgyz former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He is a three-time Olympian (1996, 2000, and 2004), and a former Kyrgyzstan record holder in both 100 and 200 m breaststroke.
2002 Birthday Honours
Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are formally conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.

This page lists awards announced in the 2002 Queen's Birthday honours lists for the United Kingdom and New Zealand.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Billawar Assembly constituency
Billawar Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Billawar is also part of Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency.

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Dogri: 𑠑𑠢𑠹𑠢𑠰 𑠙𑠳 𑠊𑠧𑠹𑠢𑠮𑠤 𑠊𑠺𑠝𑠰𑠝 𑠀𑠩𑠳𑠷𑠠𑠥𑠮 (in Dogri)); (Kashmiri: جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر مَجلِسہِ قۄنوٗن سٲزی (in Perso-Arabic), 𑆘𑆾𑇌𑆩𑇀 𑆠 𑆑𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀 𑆩𑆘𑇀𑆬𑆴𑆱𑇀-𑆅 𑆑𑇊𑆾𑇋𑆳𑆤𑆷𑆤𑇀 𑆱𑆃𑆘𑇊𑆵 (in Sharada)) is the unicameral legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. At present, it consists of 95 members, directly elected from 95 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The current 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
JR Freight Class DF200
The Class DF200 (DF200形) is a Bo-Bo-Bo wheel arrangement diesel–electric locomotive type operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight) and the Kyushu Railway Company.

As of 1 March 2017, JR Freight operates 48 Class DF200s, and JR Kyushu operates one (DF200-7000).

Bo-Bo-Bo
A Bo-Bo-Bo or Bo′Bo′Bo′ (UIC classification) is a locomotive with three independent two-axle bogies with all axles powered by separate traction motors. In the AAR system, this is simplified to B-B-B due to the system only taking powered axles into consideration, not traction axles.

The Bo-Bo-Bo configuration is often used to lower axle weight while keeping lateral forces low compared to a locomotive with two three-axle bogies, thus allowing the locomotive to use lightly laid track, in particular narrow-gauge railways.
Moutoa Island
Moutoa Island is an island of shingle approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) long, 80 kilometres (50 mi) up the Whanganui River, New Zealand between the towns of Rānana and Hiruharama.

Surrounded by rapids, it has been the site of many battles, the most famous being on 14 May 1864, between a force of Pai Mārire followers from the upper Whanganui and Ngāti Hau from the lower Whanganui, during the Second Taranaki War. A statue unveiled in 1865 in Moutoa Gardens in Whanganui commemorates the battle.

Whanganui River
The Whanganui River is a major river in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the country's third-longest river, and has special status owing to its importance to the region's Māori people. In March 2017 it became the world's second natural resource (after Te Urewera) to be given its own legal identity, with the rights, duties and liabilities of a legal person. The Whanganui Treaty settlement brought the longest-running litigation in New Zealand history to an end.
1931 Daniel Baker Hill Billies football team
The 1931 Daniel Baker Hill Billies football team represented Daniel Baker College as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) during the 1931 college football season. Led by third–year head coach R. E. Blair, the Hill Billies compiled an overall record of 4–5 with a mark of 3–2 in conference play, winning the TIAA's Western Division title. Daniel Baker advanced to the TIAA Championship Game, where the Hill Billies lost to North Texas State.

1931 North Texas State Teachers Eagles football team
The 1931 North Texas State Teachers Eagles football team was an American football team that represented the North Texas State Teachers College (now known as the University of North Texas) during the 1931 college football season as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association. In their third year under head coach Jack Sisco, the team compiled a 8–3 record.
Cemetery Hill
Cemetery Hill is a landform on the Gettysburg Battlefield that was the scene of fighting each day of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863). The northernmost part of the Army of the Potomac defensive "fish-hook" line, the hill is gently sloped and provided a site for American Civil War artillery (cf. the heavily wooded, adjacent Culp's Hill).

Robert E. Rodes
Robert Emmett (or Emmet) Rodes (March 29, 1829 – September 19, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and the first of Robert E. Lee's divisional commanders not trained at West Point. His division led Stonewall Jackson's devastating surprise attack at the Battle of Chancellorsville; Jackson, on his deathbed, recommended that Rodes be promoted to major general. Rodes then served in the corps of Richard S. Ewell at the Battle of Gettysburg and in the Overland Campaign, before that corps was sent to the Shenandoah Valley under Jubal Early, where Rodes was killed at the Third Battle of Winchester.
Living My Life
Living My Life is the autobiography of Lithuanian-born anarchist Emma Goldman, who became internationally renowned as an activist based in the United States. It was published in two volumes in 1931 (Alfred A. Knopf) and 1934 (Garden City Publishing Company). Goldman wrote it while living in Saint-Tropez, France, following her disillusionment with the Bolshevik role in the Russian Revolution.

The text thoroughly covers her personal and political life from early childhood through to 1927. The book has constantly remained in print since, in original and abridged editions. Since the autobiography was published nine years before Goldman died in 1940, it does not record her role in the Spanish Civil War.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Monoamine oxidase A
Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme (E.C. 1.4.3.4) that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine. A mutation of this gene results in Brunner syndrome. This gene has also been associated with a variety of other psychiatric disorders, including antisocial behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
Timofey Lebeshev
Timofey Pavlovich Lebeshev  (Russian: Тимофeй Павлович Лeбeшeв; February 20, 1905 —  August 1, 1981) was a Soviet cinematographer. He became an Honored Artist of the RSFSR in 1965 and Honored Artist of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1976. Also awarded of the Medal  For Labor Valor (1974).

In 1931, he graduated from the State College of Cinematography. He was director of the film studio  Mostehfilm, then Mosfilm.

His son, Pavel Lebeshev, was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer.

Pavel Lebeshev
Pavel Timofeevich Lebeshev (Russian: Павел Тимофеевич Лебешев; 15 February 1940, in Moscow – 23 February 2003, in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer. Pavel Lebeshev graduated from the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography in 1972 and worked with many famous Soviet and Russian directors, including Nikita Mikhalkov, Georgi Daneliya  and Larisa Shepitko.
Míchel (footballer, born 1963)
José Miguel González Martín del Campo, known as Míchel (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmitʃel]; born 23 March 1963), is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder, currently a manager.

He spent over a decade at Real Madrid, making 561 competitive appearances during his spell while scoring 130 goals. He won several titles with the club, including six La Liga championships and two UEFA Cups.

Míchel earned 66 caps for Spain from 1985 to 1992, and appeared for the nation in two World Cups (scoring four goals in the 1990 edition) and Euro 1988. He started working as a manager in 2005, notably leading Olympiacos to two Super League Greece accolades.

2012–13 Greek Football Cup
The 2012–13 Greek Football Cup was the 71st season of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 62 clubs, five more than the previous edition, were accepted to enter. The competition commenced on 24 October 2012 with the First Round and concluded on 11 May 2013 with the Final, held at Olympic Stadium. The final was contested by Asteras Tripolis and Olympiacos, with Olympiacos winning by 3–1 after extra time.
Volta Glacier
The Volta Glacier is located in Mount Aspiring National Park in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand.

It is split into upper and lower glaciers which are connected by an icefall. The Upper Volta Glacier is between 1,600–2,000 m (5,200–6,600 ft) in altitude and is surrounded by the 3 peaks of Glacier Dome, Pickelhaube and Fastness Peak, while the Lower Volta Glacier sits directly under the North side of Mount Aspiring / Tititea and lies between 1,000–1,400 m (3,300–4,600 ft). The Lower Volta Glacier feeds an unnamed lake at the Glacier Toe, which in turn feeds the Waiatoto River which eventually runs out to the West Coast.

Mount Aspiring National Park
Mount Aspiring National Park is in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand, north of Fiordland National Park, situated in Otago and Westland regions. The park forms part of the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage Site.
Gielde
Gielde (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːldə]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Wolfenbüttel, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2013, it is part of the Schladen-Werla municipality.

Wolfenbüttel (district)
Wolfenbüttel is a district in southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring districts are (clockwise from the north) the district-free City of Braunschweig, the district of Helmstedt, the district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt, and the districts of Goslar, Hildesheim and Peine. The district-free city of Salzgitter cuts through the district of Wolfenbüttel in the southwest.
Thomas Hyde Villiers
Thomas Hyde Villiers (24 January 1801 – 3 December 1832) was a British politician from the Villiers family.

The second son of the Hon. George Villiers (third son of Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon), he was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He served in the Colonial Office from 1822 to 1825, and was agent for Berbice and Newfoundland.

He was Member of Parliament for Hedon from 1826 to 1830, for Wootton Bassett in 1830, and for Bletchingley from 1831 to 1832. He held office as Secretary to the Board of Control from 1831 until 1832.

Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon, PC (1709 – 11 December 1786) was a British politician and diplomat from the Villiers family.

Clarendon was the second son of William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey, and his wife Judith Herne, daughter of Frederick Herne.
Berwick Bay Bridge
The Berwick Bay Bridge is a vertical lift bridge in the U.S. state of Louisiana which carries the BNSF Railway over the Atchafalaya River between Berwick and Morgan City. The bridge is primarily used for freight, but Amtrak runs the Sunset Limited three times weekly per direction over the line.

Morgan City, Louisiana
Morgan City is a small city in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, United States, located in the Acadiana region. The population was 10,813 in the 2024 census. Known for being "right in the middle of everywhere" , Morgan City is located 68 miles (109 km) southeast of Lafayette, 64 miles (103 km) south of Baton Rouge, and 86 miles (138 km) west of New Orleans.

Morgan City sits on the banks of the Atchafalaya River near its intersection with the Intracoastal Waterway. The town was originally named "Tiger Island" by surveyors appointed by U.S. Secretary of War John Calhoun, because of a particular type of wild cat seen in the area. It was later changed for a time to "Brashear City", named after Walter Brashear, a prominent Kentucky physician who had purchased large tracts of land and acquired numerous sugar mills in the area.  It was incorporated in 1860.

Morgan City, and all of St. Mary Parish, is included in the Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City CSA.
Pliocyon
Pliocyon is an extinct genus of amphicyonids which inhabited North America during the Middle Miocene 16.0—13.6 Ma, existing for approximately 2 million years. Fossils have been uncovered in South Florida, Oregon, and western Nebraska.

Amphicyonidae
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia. They first appeared in North America in the middle Eocene (around 45 Ma), spread to Europe by the late Eocene (35 Ma), and further spread to Asia and Africa by the early Miocene (23 Ma). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (9-7 Ma), with the latest recorded species at the end of the Miocene in Africa. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Amphicyonids are colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs".
St Trinian's (film)
St Trinian's is a 2007 British comedy film and the sixth in a long-running series of British films based on the works of cartoonist Ronald Searle and set in St Trinian's School. The first four films form a series, starting with The Belles of St. Trinian's in 1954, with sequels in 1957, 1960, 1966 and a reboot in 1980. The release in 2007, 27 years after the last entry and 53 years after the first film, is a rebooting of the franchise, rather than a direct sequel, with certain plot elements borrowed from the first film.

Whereas the earlier films concentrated on the adults, this film gives the school pupils greater prominence. St Trinian's is an anarchic school for uncontrollable girls run by eccentric headmistress Camilla Dagey Fritton (the reboot continues the tradition, established by Alastair Sim in the original film, of casting a male actor to play the female headmistress, with Rupert Everett inheriting the role).

St Trinian's received mixed reviews but was a commercial success.

The Pure Hell of St Trinian's
The Pure Hell of St Trinian's is a 1960 British comedy film directed by Frank Launder and starring Cecil Parker, George Cole, Joyce Grenfell and Eric Barker. It was written by Launder, Sidney Gilliat and Val Valentine, and set in the fictional St Trinian's School. It was the third in a series of four films.