hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Pepperell Montague
William Pepperell Montague (11 November 1873 – 1 August 1953) was an American philosopher of the New Realist school. Montague stressed the difference between his philosophical peers as adherents of either "objective" and "critical realism".

Montague was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He earned his bachelors, masters, and doctorate from Harvard University.  He was professor of philosophy at UC Berkeley between 1899 and 1903, and at Columbia University from 1903 to 1947. He was president of the American Philosophical Association's eastern division in the years 1923–1924. He died in New York City.

Montague was an advocate of panpsychism and proposed his own variant known as hylopsychism which developed the connection between energy and mind, contending that the physical manifestation of mind occurs as potential energy.

Panpsychism
In philosophy of mind, panpsychism (/pænˈsaɪkɪzəm/) is the view that the mind or consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality. It is also described as a theory that "the mind is a fundamental feature of the world which exists throughout the universe". It is one of the oldest philosophical theories and has been ascribed, in some form, to philosophers including Thales, Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, William James, Alfred North Whitehead, and Bertrand Russell. In the 19th century, panpsychism was the default philosophy of mind in Western thought, but it saw a decline in the mid-20th century with the rise of logical positivism. Recent interest in the hard problem of consciousness and developments in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and quantum mechanics have revived interest in panpsychism in the 21st century, because it addresses the hard problem directly.
South African company law
South African company law is that body of rules which regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act. A company is a business organisation which earns income by the production or sale of goods or services. This entry also covers rules by which partnerships and trusts are governed in South Africa, together with (albeit in less detail) cooperatives and sole proprietorships.

Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd
Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1, [1897] AC 22 is a landmark UK company law case. The effect of the House of Lords' unanimous ruling was to uphold firmly the doctrine of corporate personality, as set out in the Companies Act 1862, so that creditors of an insolvent company could not sue the company's shareholders for payment of outstanding debts.
Jeremy R. Knowles
Jeremy Randall Knowles CBE FRS (28 April 1935 – 3 April 2008) was a professor of chemistry at Harvard University who served as dean of the Harvard University faculty of arts and sciences (FAS) from 1991 to 2002.  He joined Harvard in 1974, received many awards for his research, and remained at Harvard until his death, leaving the faculty for a decade to serve as Dean. Knowles died on 3 April 2008 at his home.

In 2006, he was selected by incoming interim president Derek Bok to return to his position as Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences on an interim basis, replacing William C. Kirby.

William C. Kirby
William C. Kirby (Chinese: 柯伟林; pinyin: Kē Wěilín; born 1950) is an American historian and sinologist currently serving as T. M. Chang Professor of China Studies and Spangler Family Professor of Business Administration at Harvard University. He is the chairman of the Harvard China Fund, Faculty Chair of the Harvard Center Shanghai, Harvard's first University-wide center located outside the United States, former Director of Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, former Chair of the History Department and the former Dean of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
Haigh Point
Haigh Point (64°55′S 63°6′W﻿ / ﻿64.917°S 63.100°W﻿ / -64.917; -63.100) is a point west of Mount Banck, Danco Coast, Antarctica, forming the northern entrance point of Thomas Cove. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in association with Thomas Cove after Dorothy Haigh, Head of the Cartographic Section at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1948–70, with responsibility for preparing UK-APC maps.

Danco Coast
The Danco Coast (64°42′S 62°0′W﻿ / ﻿64.700°S 62.000°W﻿ / -64.700; -62.000) is the portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Sterneck and Cape Renard. This coast was explored in January and February 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache, who named it for Lieutenant Emile Danco who died on the expedition.

The coast is bordered by the Aguirre Passage which separates it from Lemaire Island.
N10 road (Ireland)
The N10 road is a national primary road in Ireland, connecting Kilkenny to the M9 Dublin – Waterford route. It consists of a route from northeast of Kilkenny, a ring road around the city, and a route southeast of the city.

National primary road
A national primary road (Irish: príomhbhóthar náisiúnta) is a road classification in Ireland. National primary roads form the major routes between the major urban centres. There are 2649 km of national primary roads. This category of road has the prefix "N" followed by one or two digits. Motorways are prefixed "M" followed by one or two digits.
Tommy Naughton
Tommy Naughton is the former manager of the Dublin Senior Hurling Team and the former manager of the county's under-21 team as well. He had also previously been a selector with the senior hurling team. Naughton had Andy Cunningham, Mick O'Riordan and Damien Byrne as his management team for Dublin.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
46 Aquilae
46 Aquilae is a star in the constellation of Aquila, located to the north of Tarazed (γ Aquilae). 46 Aquilae is its Flamsteed designation. It is a dim, blue-white hued star that is a challenge to view with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 6.33. This object is located approximately 805 light years from the Sun, based on parallax. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −25 km/s.

This body has a stellar classification of B9 III, matching a late B-type giant star. It is a chemically peculiar star of a weak mercury-manganese type (CP3), and is the most chromium–deficient star known. The star may possess a magnetic field with a strength greater than 2 kG. It is radiating 268 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 12,900 K.

Aquila (constellation)
Aquila is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for 'eagle' and it represents the bird that carried Zeus/Jupiter's thunderbolts in Greek-Roman mythology.

Its brightest star, Altair, is one vertex of the Summer Triangle asterism. The constellation is best seen in the northern summer, as it is located along the Milky Way. Because of this location, many clusters and nebulae are found within its borders, but they are dim and galaxies are few.
Dōtonbori
Dōtonbori or Dōtombori (道頓堀; pronounced [doːtomboɾi]) is a district in Osaka, Japan. Known as one of Osaka's principal tourist and nightlife areas, the area runs along the Dōtonbori canal from Dōtonboribashi Bridge to Nipponbashi Bridge in the Namba district of the city's Chūō ward. Historically a theater district, it is now a popular nightlife and entertainment area characterized by its eccentric atmosphere and large illuminated signboards.

One of the area's most prominent features is an illuminated billboard for confectionery company Glico displaying the image of a runner crossing a finishing line, which is often seen as an icon of Osaka within Japan.

Namba
Namba (Japanese: 難波, IPA: [namba]) is a district in Chūō and Naniwa wards of Osaka, Japan. It is regarded as the center of Osaka's Minami (ja:ミナミ, "South") region. Its name came from a variation of Naniwa, the former name of Osaka. Namba hosts some of the city's main south-central railway terminals, as JR, Kintetsu, Nankai, Hanshin, and three Osaka Metro subway lines all have stations within this region.
September 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
September 23 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 25

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 7 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 24th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 11.

Juvenaly of Alaska
Juvenaly of Alaska (Russian: Иеромонах Ювена́лий; 1761, Yekaterinburg, Russia – 1796, Kuinerrak, Alaska), Protomartyr of America, was a Russian hieromartyr and member of the first group of Orthodox missionaries who came from the monasteries of Valaam and Konevets to evangelize the native inhabitants of Alaska. He died while evangelizing among the Yupik Eskimos on the mainland of Alaska in 1796. His feast day is celebrated on July 2, and he is also commemorated with all the saints of Alaska (September 24), and with the first martyrs of the American land (December 12).
Senecio squalidus
Senecio squalidus, known as Oxford ragwort, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is a yellow-flowered herbaceous plant, native to mountainous, rocky or volcanic areas, that has managed to find other homes on man-made and natural piles of rocks, war-ruined neighborhoods and dry-stone walls. These habitats resemble its well drained natural rocky homeland. The plants have spread via the wind, rail and the activities of botanists. The travels of this short-lived perennial, biennial, or winter annual make it a good subject for studies of the evolution and ecology of flowering plants.

Pezizomycetes
Pezizomycetes are a class of fungi within the division Ascomycota.

Pezizomycetes are apothecial fungi, meaning that their spore-producing/releasing bodies (ascoma) are typically disk-like, bearing on their upper surfaces a layer of cylindrical spore-producing cells called asci, from which the spores are forcibly discharged.

Important groups include: cup fungi (Peziza), morels, Elfin saddles, and truffles.
Trewint
Trewint (Cornish: Trewyns) is a hamlet in the civil parish of Altarnun, east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is just off the A30 main road, and is south of the village of Altarnun. Trewint Downs, part of Bodmin Moor, are further west.

The manor of Trewint was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Roger from Mortain. There was 1 virgate of land and land for 1 plough. There were 1 serf, 4 smallholders, 2 acres of pasture and 10 sheep. The value of the manor was 5 shillings though it had formerly been worth 10 shillings.

John Wesley often visited Trewint, lodging in Digory Isbell's home which is now a museum of Wesley and Methodism.

Trewint is also the name of places in the parishes of Blisland and Poundstock. The meaning of Trewint is "windy farm", though Trewint, Blisland (Tyrwynt) means "windy land".

Trewint

The Old Brewery, Trewint

A30 near Trewint

Blisland
Blisland (Cornish: Blyslann) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is approximately five miles northeast of Bodmin. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 565. This had increased to 608 at the 2011 census.

The parish is entirely rural in character, the northeast being moorland and the southwest lower lying farmland. The parish is bordered to the north by St Breward parish; to the west by St Mabyn and Helland parishes; to the south by Cardinham, Warleggan, and St Neot parishes; and to the northeast by Altarnun parish.

The hamlets of Bradford, Keybridge, Merry Meeting, Pendrift, Tresarrett and Waterloo are in the parish. Blisland is sometimes said to be the only village in Cornwall with a village green, however Herodsfoot and Talskiddy are others.
Raymond Mdaka
Xaniseka Raymond Mdaka (born 1 January 1970) is a South African former teacher and soccer manager who is the current head coach of the South Africa national under-20 soccer team.

In 2025, he became the first South African coach to win a continental youth title when he won the 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

2024 COSAFA U-20 Cup
The 2024 COSAFA U-20 Cup was the 29th edition of the COSAFA U-20 Challenge Cup, an international youth football tournament open to national associations of the COSAFA region. It took place between 26 September and 5 October 2024 in Mozambique. This competition served as the COSAFA qualifiers for the 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

South Africa defeated defending champions Zambia 2-0 in the final. Both finalists qualified for the 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations. South Africa scored 16 goals in the five matches played, with zero goals conceded against them.
Ryan Burroughs
Ryan Burroughs (born August 26, 1991) is an American rugby football player who has played primarily rugby league he has represented the United States national rugby league team in the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, as well as the 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9's. He last played rugby league for Barrow Raiders. He left the club to sign for rugby union's Major League Rugby side Old Glory DC. Primarily playing on the wing, he can also play as fullback or centre.

USA Rugby League
The USA Rugby League (formally the US Association of Rugby League, Inc.) is the national governing body for rugby league in the United States.

The organization is responsible for running the domestic club competitions and the United States national rugby league team in addition to other responsibilities.

The body was founded in 2011 by clubs that had broken from the established American National Rugby League (AMNRL), plus expansion franchises. The USARL began its inaugural competition season in 2011 with eight teams.

The USARL was granted affiliate membership in November 2014 of the RLIF and RLEF, replacing the AMNRL which is now defunct.
Lynching of Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
On April 13, 1937, Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels, two black men, were lynched in Duck Hill, Mississippi, United States, by a white mob after being labeled as the murderers of a white storekeeper. They had only been legally accused of the crime a few minutes before they were kidnapped from the courthouse, chained to trees, and tortured with a blow torch. Following the torture, McDaniels was shot to death and Townes was burned alive.

Pictures taken, prior to Townes being lit on fire, were the first lynching photographs to be published by the national press. They were reprinted in Time Magazine and Life Magazine, and then in national newspapers.

Duck Hill, Mississippi
Duck Hill is a town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 619 at the 2020 census, down from 732 in 2010.

Duck Hill is located on U.S. Route 51, midway between Grenada and Winona. Big Bogue Creek flows east and north of the town.

The Lucie E. Campbell Gospel and Heritage Festival takes place each summer in Duck Hill.
The Blitz (Krokus album)
The Blitz is the eighth studio album by Swiss hard rock band Krokus, released in August 1984. It achieved Gold status in the US. When preparing to record the album, the band tapped Patrick Mahassen to join on guitar, with Mark Kohler switching to bass, however, Mahassen ended up leaving the band before recording commenced. The album was ultimately recorded as a quartet; Andy Tanas played bass on the subsequent tour.

The band hit the Billboard Hot 100 with "Midnite Maniac" becoming the first Swiss act to do so. The song "Boys Nite Out", written by Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance, was originally recorded by Adams for his 1984 album Reckless but was left off until its 30th anniversary reissue.

UK-based company Rock Candy Records reissued the album on CD in 2014.

Reckless (Bryan Adams album)
Reckless is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams, released by A&M Records on November 5, 1984, to coincide with Adams' 25th birthday. Like its predecessor Cuts Like a Knife, the album was entirely produced by Adams and Bob Clearmountain.

Reckless was commercially successful, selling over 12 million copies worldwide, making it Adams' second highest-selling studio album to date – behind his 1991 album Waking Up the Neighbours. It was also the first Canadian album to sell over one million copies within Canada, and is certified eleven-times platinum in the country. The album peaked at number one on the US Billboard 200. It has also received positive reviews from critics, with contemporary reviews praising its songwriting and sonic quality.

Six singles were released from the album: "Run to You", "Somebody", "Heaven", "Summer of '69", "One Night Love Affair", and "It's Only Love"; all six singles charted within the top-twenty on the US Billboard Hot 100.
Mount Atzmon
Mount Atzmon is the modern Israeli name of a mountain in the Northern District of Israel, identified by some with the ancient Mount Atzmon. Its Arabic name is Jebel Didiba or Jebel Didbeh.

At the foot of the mountain are the Arab town of Kafr Manda, and the archaeological site of Jotapata (modern-day Yodfat), where Jewish forces led by Josephus made their last stand against the Romans.

Mount Meron
Mount Meron (Hebrew: הַר מֵירוֹן, romanized: Har Merón; named after the former village of Meiron), also known as Mount Jarmaq or Jebel Jarmaq (Arabic: جبل الجرمق, romanized: Jabal al-Jarmaq; named after the former village of Jarmaq), is a mountain in the Upper Galilee region of Israel.  It has special significance in Jewish religious tradition and parts of it have been declared a nature reserve. At 1,204 metres (3,950 ft) above sea level, Mount Meron is the highest peak in Israel within the Green Line. The mountain is a major motif in the art of the artists' quarter of Safed.
Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions
Between 1966 and 1973, Spanish explorer Vital Alsar led three expeditions to cross the Pacific Ocean by raft – La Pacífica in 1966, La Balsa in 1970 and Las Balsas in 1973. Travelling from Ecuador, South America, to Australia, the first expedition failed, but the second and third succeeded, both setting the record for the longest known raft voyages in history – 13,800 kilometres (8,600 mi) and 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) respectively.

Vital Alsar
Vital Alsar Ramírez (August 7, 1933 – September 15, 2020) was a sailor and scientist who made several extremely long sailing expeditions.  
His entire life was linked to nature and the sea. He became professor of economics, although he never acted as such.

During his Military service in Morocco, Alsar read a book about the Kon-Tiki, the expedition that Thor Heyerdahl conducted in a balsa raft on the Pacific. Reading this account led to his interest in duplicating the feat, to sailing 3,770 nautical miles (6,980 km; 4,340 mi).
After his military service, he lived in France, Stuttgart, Hamburg, and Canada. It was in Canada where he met Marc Modena, who became his traveling companion.
Sintran III
Sintran III is a real-time, multitasking, multi-user operating system used with Norsk Data minicomputers from 1974. Unlike its predecessors Sintran I and II, it was written entirely by Norsk Data, in Nord Programming Language (Nord PL, NPL), an intermediate language for Norsk Data computers.

Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.
Ramsey car-transfer apparatus
In railroad industry, the Ramsey car-transfer apparatus (Ramsey transfer) was a device to replace bogies on railroad cars  to permit transfer of a train between railroad lines with different gauge.

The Ramsey transfer existed in a number of variations covered by several different patents.  It was typically used to transfer cars between 6 ft (1,829 mm) broad gauge, 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge and narrow gauge (usually 3 ft / 914 mm in width) track.

Bogie
A bogie (/ˈboʊɡi/ BOH-ghee) (or truck in North American English) comprises two or more wheelsets (two wheels on an axle), in a frame, attached under a vehicle by a pivot. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached (as on many railroad cars and semi-trailers) or be quickly detachable (as for a dolly in a road train or in railway bogie exchange). It may include suspension components within it (as most rail and trucking bogies do), or be solid and in turn be suspended (as are most bogies of tracked vehicles). It may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung (as in the landing gear of an airliner), or held in place by other means (centreless bogies).

Although bogie is the preferred spelling and first-listed variant in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used.
Wedding of Prince Felipe and Letizia Ortiz
The wedding of Felipe, Prince of Asturias and Letizia Ortiz was held on 22 May 2004 in the Almudena Cathedral at the Royal Palace of Madrid, Spain. At the time of the wedding, the groom was the heir to the Spanish throne. The bride was a journalist. The wedding was presided over by the archbishop of Madrid, Antonio María Rouco Varela, and was watched by 25 million people in Spain alone.

More than 1200 guests attended the wedding, including 36 royal houses and heads of state, including Prince Albert of Monaco; Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden.

The wedding was the first state wedding in Spain for more than 50 years. It was also the first wedding to be held in the Almudena Cathedral, which was consecrated in 1993.

Queen Sofía of Spain
Sofía (Sophia Margarita Victoria Frederica; Greek: Σοφία Μαργαρίτα Βικτωρία Φρειδερίκη, romanized: Sofía Margaríta Viktoría Freideríki; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who was Queen of Spain from 1975 to 2014 as the wife of King Juan Carlos I until his abdication. She is the eldest and last surviving child of King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. She is also the last surviving grandchild of King Constantine I and Queen Sophia of Greece.

Sofía married then Infante Juan Carlos of Spain in 1962 and became queen of Spain upon her husband's accession in 1975. On 19 June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favour of their son Felipe VI. Since her spouse's abdication, Doña Sofía has usually been referred to as reina emérita ('queen emerita') by the press.