hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convexoid operator
In mathematics, especially operator theory, a convexoid operator is a bounded linear operator T on a complex Hilbert space H such that the closure of the numerical range coincides with the convex hull of its spectrum.

An example of such an operator is a normal operator (or some of its generalization).

A closely related operator is a spectraloid operator: an operator whose spectral radius coincides with its numerical radius. In fact, an operator T is convexoid if and only if  is spectraloid for every complex number .

Normal operator
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a complex Hilbert space  is a continuous linear operator  that commutes with its Hermitian adjoint , that is: .

Normal operators are important because the spectral theorem holds for them. The class of normal operators is well understood. Examples of normal operators are

unitary operators:

Hermitian operators (i.e., self-adjoint operators):

skew-Hermitian operators:

positive operators:  for some  (so N is self-adjoint).

A normal matrix is the matrix expression of a normal operator on the Hilbert space .
West Valley Athletic League
The West Valley Athletic League was a high school athletic league under the auspices of the CIF Central Coast Section. The league generally covered the schools of the Campbell Union High School District and Los Gatos-Saratoga Joint Union High School District. The league was formed in the mid-1960s (the league had formed by 1965) with the advent of new schools. Older schools like Campbell and Los Gatos had previously played in the Santa Clara Valley Athletic League. As schools closed the league reformatted and many of the remaining schools joined what became the West Valley Division of the Blossom Valley Athletic League.

Blossom Valley Athletic League
Blossom Valley Athletic League (BVAL) is a high school athletic conference in Santa Clara County, California. It is the county's largest high school sports league and is part of the CIF Central Coast Section of the California Interscholastic Federation.
Gurbachan Singh Dhingra
Gurbachan Singh Dhingra is an Indian entrepreneur and a co-owner of Berger Paints.

Dhingra has been listed as one of Forbes India's richest Indians and also in its The World's Billionaires list among the highest Indians by net worth.

Forbes India's richest Indian by year
Each year, Forbes India issues a list of India's richest people, called the "India Rich List". Since 2008, Mukesh Ambani  has been the richest Indian, with his wealth based in Reliance Industries. except for 2022 where Gautam Adani displaced him.
Maserati 3200 GT
The  Maserati 3200 GT (Tipo 338) is a four-seater grand tourer produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati from 1998 to 2002, replacing the Shamal as the flagship grand tourer of the marque. The luxury coupé was designed by Italdesign, whose founder and head Giorgetto Giugiaro previously designed, among others, the Ghibli, Bora and Merak. Interior design was commissioned to Enrico Fumia and completed by 1995. 4,795 cars were produced before it was replaced by the Maserati Coupé.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Ipiranga River (Pará)
The Ipiranga River is a tributary of the Iriri River in Pará state in north-central Brazil.

The river rises in the 342,192 hectares (845,570 acres) Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit established in 2005. It is one of the headwaters of the Xingu River.

Xingu River
The Xingu River (/ʃɪŋˈɡuː/, shing-GOO; Portuguese: Rio Xingu [ˈʁi.u ʃĩˈɡu]; Mẽbêngôkre: Byti [bɯˈti]: 73 ) is a 1,640 km (1,020 mi) river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River and one of the largest clearwater rivers in the Amazon basin, accounting for about 5% of its water.
2021–22 Ford Trophy
The 2021–22 Ford Trophy was the 51st season of The Ford Trophy, the List A cricket tournament that was played in New Zealand. It was the eleventh in a sponsorship deal between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company. The tournament ran from November 2021 to February 2022. In July 2021, New Zealand Cricket named all the squads for the domestic teams ahead of the 2021–22 season, and confirmed the fixtures in September 2021. Canterbury were the defending champions.

Following the completion of matches played on 20 February 2022, Central Districts were the first team to reach the final of the tournament. They were joined by Auckland, who beat Otago in their penultimate group match to secure their berth in the final. In the final, Auckland beat Central Districts by eight wickets to win the tournament.

New Zealand Cricket
New Zealand Cricket, formerly the New Zealand Cricket Council, is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. Cricket is the most popular and highest profile summer sport in New Zealand.

New Zealand Cricket operates the New Zealand cricket team, organising Test tours and One-Day Internationals with other nations. It also organises domestic cricket in New Zealand, including the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy men's domestic one-day competition, the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield women's domestic one-day competition, as well as the Men's Super Smash and Women's Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competitions.

Scott Weenink is the Chief Executive Officer of New Zealand Cricket. Tom Latham is the current Blackcaps Test captain, succeeding Tim Southee who still represents the team. Sophie Devine is the current White Ferns captain.
Joseph Tuerlinckx
Jozef Tuerlinckx (Mechelen, 2 November 1809 – Mechelen, 6 February 1873), also known as Joseph Tuerlinckx or Jozef Jan Tuerlinckx, was a Flemish sculptor and art educator. After training in his native Mechelen, he continued his studies in The Hague, Paris, and Rome. He was one of the leading sculptors in Mechelen, where he was employed on many public commissions. He is mainly known for his historical portraits and funeral monuments. He also was a teacher at the local academy.

Jean-François Portaels
Jean-François Portaels or Jan Portaels (3 April 1818 – 8 February 1895) was a Belgian painter of genre scenes, biblical stories, landscapes, portraits and orientalist subjects.  He was also a teacher and director of the Academy of Fine Arts of Ghent and the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. He is regarded as the founder of the Belgian Orientalist school.  He was praised in his time as the premier painter of 'everyday elegance and feminine grace'. Through his art, teaching and his leadership of the Académie Royale in Brussels he exerted an important influence on the next generation of Belgian artists, including his pupil Théo van Rysselberghe.
Bioceramic
Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible. Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials. Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides, which are inert in the body, to the other extreme of resorbable materials, which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair. Bioceramics are used in many types of medical procedures. Bioceramics are typically used as rigid materials in surgical implants, though some bioceramics are flexible. The ceramic materials used are not the same as porcelain type ceramic materials. Rather, bioceramics are closely related to either the body's own materials or are extremely durable mixed metal oxides.

Bioactive glass
Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these glasses has led them to be used as implant devices in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bones. Most bioactive glasses are silicate-based glasses that are degradable in body fluids and can act as a vehicle for delivering ions beneficial for healing. Bioactive glass is differentiated from other synthetic bone grafting biomaterials (e.g., hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate), in that it is the only one with anti-infective and angiogenic properties.
Pelota Mano Court, Trebonne
Pelota Mano Court is a heritage-listed sports ground at Trebonne Road, Trebonne, Shire of Hinchinbrook, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Ford, Hutton & Newell and built in 1959 by Idillio Quartero and Ken Duffy. It is also known as Basque Handball Court and Fronton (court). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 July 2001.

Jeu de paume
Jeu de paume (UK: /ˌʒɜː də ˈpoʊm/, French: [ʒø d(ə) pom]; originally spelled jeu de paulme; lit. 'palm game') was a ball-and-court game that originated in France and was the precursor of real tennis (called court tennis in the US or courte paume in France) and ultimately of the modern game of tennis. Jeu de paume was played without racquets, and so was a "game of the hand", though these were eventually introduced. It is a former Olympic sport, and has the oldest ongoing annual world championship in sport, first established over 250 years ago. The term also refers to the court on which the game is played and its building, which in the 17th century was sometimes converted into a theatre.
Tourism in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is a popular tourist destination. Tourism is a key industry that attracts international tourists yearly. Foreigners visit Sri Lanka to see nature, wildlife, historical monuments, and indigenous culture. In 2018, tourist arrivals peaked at 2.33 million, who spent a total of US$5.6 billion in the country. However, the COVID-19 pandemic caused tourist numbers to decrease by 92% in 2020. In 2025, tourism in Sri Lanka returned to its pre-COVID level and surpassing the 2018 figure, with approximately 2.36 million international visitors recorded over the year. The main source countries of tourists were India (531,511 arrivals), the United Kingdom (212,277), Russia (186,580), Germany (147,966), China (132,035), Australia (109,487) and France (109,041). The government is attempting to attract foreign investment in the country's tourism industry, which began in earnest after the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009.

Yala National Park
Yala National Park is a national park in Sri Lanka, bordering the Indian Ocean and covering 979 km2 (378 sq mi). It was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1900. It hosts diverse ecosystems ranging from moist monsoon forests to freshwater and marine wetlands, and is important for the conservation of Sri Lankan elephants, Sri Lankan leopards and 44 mammal species. It is one of the 70 Important Bird Areas in Sri Lanka harbouring 215 bird species including six endemic species of Sri Lanka.

The area around Yala National Park has hosted several ancient civilizations. Two important Buddhist pilgrim sites, Sithulpahuwa and Magul Vihara, are situated within the park. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami caused severe damage on the Yala National Park, and 250 people died in its vicinity.
Meatotomy
A meatotomy (/miːəˈtɒtəmɪ/) is a form of penile modification in which the underside of the glans is split, extending the urinary meatus. The procedure may be performed by a doctor to alleviate meatal stenosis or urethral stricture. Outside of medical justification, it can be performed for aesthetic purposes and is considered to be an extreme form of genital modification.

Urethral stricture
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube connected to the bladder that allows urination. The narrowing reduces the flow of urine and makes it more difficult or even painful to empty the bladder.

Urethral stricture is caused by injury, instrumentation, infection, and certain non-infectious forms of urethritis. The condition is more common in men due to their longer urethra.
Rutgers Film Co-op/New Jersey Media Arts Center
The Rutgers Film Co-op/New Jersey Media Arts Center is a film society established in 1982 and based at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.

The Rutgers Film Co-op/NJMAC presents year-round programming, including two festivals, which screen classic, independent, international, and experimental films and videos and often include discussions with filmmakers, performers, screenwriters and production crews.

Festivals are organised in conjunction with the Cinema Studies program at Rutgers. Events have taken place at College Avenue Campus at the Voorhees Hall, Scott Hall, Zimmerli Art Museum, as well as the State Theatre and Crossroads Theatre.

College Avenue Campus
College Avenue is the oldest campus of Rutgers University – New Brunswick, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S. It includes the historic seat of the university, known as Old Queens and the campus of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary. Many classes are taught in the Voorhees Mall area, also home to the Zimmerli Art Museum. It is within walking distance of the train station, shops, restaurants, and theaters in downtown New Brunswick, and is served by Rutgers Campus Buses, a zero-fare bus network.

Other campuses at Rutgers–New Brunswick include the Busch Campus, the Livingston Campus and the Cook-Douglass Campus.
E. J. Cooray
Edmund Joseph Cooray, CMG, OBE was a Ceylonese Senator and one-time Minister of Justice in the Second Dudley Senanayake cabinet. He attended the 1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference in London on behalf of the Dominion of Ceylon.

He graduated with a BA from the University of London, qualified as a barrister and established his legal practice as an advocate. He was a lecturer for Digest and Voet at the Ceylon Law College. He served as the Commissioner of Co-operative Development and thereafter Chairman, Co-operative Wholesale Establishment. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1952 Birthday Honours and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1955 Birthday Honours for his services to the co-operative movement.

Minister of Justice (Sri Lanka)
The minister justice, public administration, provincial councils, local government and labour is an appointment in the Cabinet of Sri Lanka.

The constitution defines that it is mandatory for a minister of the cabinet to be styled as the minister of justice. From 1947 to 1970, per section 48 of the constitution, the minister of justice was one of two ministers appointed from the Senate of Ceylon, as such appointments have been held by advocates. It succeeded the office of Legal Secretary of Ceylon which existed from 1932 to 1947.
Steindolpbreen
Steindolpbreen  is a glacier in Nathorst Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It extends from Juvtinden and the eastern side of Steindolptoppen to Snøkuvbreen. North of the glacier are the mountains of Rånekampen and Vengefjellet.

Snøkuvbreen
Snøkuvbreen is a glacier in Nathorst Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is surrounded by the mountains of Kassen, Snøkuven and Juvtinden, and extends down to the valley of Danzigdalen. The glacier has a length of about six kilometers. It can be found at a Latitude of 77.7000000 and a Longitude of 16.3666700.
Purcell Marian High School
Purcell Marian High School is a Catholic parochial high school in the East Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, based in the Marianist tradition.  It is located in the DeSales Corner business district, along Madison Road.

Purcell Marian is a Roman Catholic, co-educational high school serving a multi-racial student body of many faiths with differing backgrounds and educational needs.   It is chartered by the state of Ohio and accredited by North Central Association of Schools.   Urban in its environment, it is supervised by the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. In October 2019, Purcell Marian was authorized as an International Baccalaureate World School.

Archdiocese of Cincinnati
The Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the State of Ohio. The archbishop is Robert Casey. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati.
Rivière de l'Or
The rivière de l'Or (in English: Gold River) is a tributary of Grand lac Saint François which constitutes the head lake of the Saint-François River. The course of the "rivière de l'Or" crosses the territory of the municipalities of Adstock (in particular the sector of the former municipality of Saint-Method-de-Frontenac) and of Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine, in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, on the South Shore of St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.

Saint-François River
The Saint-François River (French: Rivière Saint-François, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]) is a right tributary of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.

Its source is Lake Saint-François in Chaudière-Appalaches, southeast of Thetford Mines. It flows southwest towards Sherbrooke, where it changes course northwest towards Drummondville, and finally empties into the Saint Lawrence River near Pierreville. Its total length is 218 km.
Castle Hewen
Castle Hewen (also recorded as Castlewen; Castle Luen; Castellewyn; Castellewyne; Castlehewings; Castle-Ewaine and Castle Lewen) was a Romano-British castle near High Hesket, in the civil parish of Hesket, in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the county of Cumbria, England. It overlooked the now-drained Tarn Wadling, and was supposedly occupied by Owain mab Urien. All that remain, as at 2023, are earthworks.

High Hesket
High Hesket is a village near the A6 road, in the parish of Hesket, in the Westmorland and Furness district, traditionally in the historic county of Cumberland but now in the ceremonial county of Cumbria. The village was on the A6 road until it was by-passed.
Nyngan
Nyngan (/ˈnɪŋɡən/) is a town in the centre of New South Wales, Australia, in the Bogan Shire local government area within the Orana Region of central New South Wales. At the 2016 census, Nyngan had a population of 1,988 people. Nyngan is situated on the Bogan River between Narromine and Bourke, on the junction of the Mitchell Highway and Barrier Highway, 656 km (408 mi) south of Charleville and 576 km (358 mi) north-west of Sydney by road. The Barrier Highway starts at Nyngan, and runs west to Cobar and on through Wilcannia and Broken Hill into South Australia.

Nyngan Airport is a small airport just north of the town centre. Nyngan also lies on the Main Western railway line of New South Wales but is no longer served by passenger trains. The line remains open to freight traffic.

About 70 km (43 mi) south of the town, a cairn was erected in 1988 marking the centre of NSW.

Wilcannia
Wilcannia is a small town located within the Central Darling Shire in north western New South Wales, Australia. Located on the Darling River, the town was the third largest inland port in the country during the river boat era of the mid-19th century. At the 2021 census, Wilcannia had a population of 735.
Racquetball at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's singles
The men's singles competition of the racquetball events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held from October 17–22 at the Racquetball Complex in Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion is Jack Huczek of the United States, while the defending Pan American regional champion from 2011 is Daniel De La Rosa of Mexico.

Racquetball at the 2011 Pan American Games
Racquetball competitions at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara was held from October 17 to October 25 at the Racquetball Complex. Racquetball returned to the games after being dropped from the 2007 Pan American Games.
Primate reintroduction
Primate reintroduction is a form of species reintroduction and is the process by which captive or previously free-ranging primates are either translocated or rehabilitated and released into the wild. The goals of primate reintroduction efforts are typically to reestablish or reinforce wild populations, improve the welfare of reintroduced individuals, and/or restore ecosystems (i.e. seed distribution). Primate reintroduction is associated with primate rehabilitation which is a form of wildlife rehabilitation that provides care and treatment for individual primates that have been injured, orphaned or abandoned in preparation for reintroduction back into the wild. Rehabilitation and reintroduction together are a strategy to combat the widespread decline of primate biodiversity worldwide and keep primate species and their habitats safe from extinction. The rehabilitated primates are most frequently formerly captive monkeys confiscated or rescued from the illegal pet and bushmeat trades.

Species reintroduction
Species reintroduction is the deliberate release of a species into the wild, from captivity or other areas where the organism is capable of survival. The goal of species reintroduction is to establish a healthy, genetically diverse, self-sustaining population to an area where it has been extirpated, or to augment an existing population. Species that may be eligible for reintroduction are typically threatened or endangered in the wild. However, reintroduction of a species can also be for pest control; for example, wolves being reintroduced to a wild area to curb an overpopulation of deer. Because reintroduction may involve returning native species to localities where they had been extirpated, some prefer the term "reestablishment".

Humans have been reintroducing species for food and pest control for thousands of years. However, the practice of reintroducing for conservation is much younger, starting in the 20th century.
American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and their Descendants
The American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants, also known as the American Gathering, is the largest organization of Holocaust survivors in North America. It functions as an umbrella organization for survivor resources, offering both services and advocacy. The American Gathering is active in Holocaust remembrance, education and commemoration programs. From 1983 onwards, the organization has held national reunion events.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
2014 Boston Pizza Cup
The 2014 Boston Pizza Cup, the provincial men's curling championship for Alberta, was held from February 5 to 9 at the Lacombe Curling Club in Lacombe, Alberta. The winner represented Alberta at the 2014 Tim Hortons Brier in Kamloops.

Lacombe, Alberta
Lacombe (/ləˈkoʊm/ lə-KOHM) is a city in central Alberta, Canada. It is located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Red Deer, the nearest major city, and 125 kilometres (78 mi) south of Edmonton, the nearest metropolitan area. The city is set in the rolling parkland of central Alberta, between the Rocky Mountains foothills to the west and the flatter Alberta prairie to the east.

Lacombe became Alberta's 17th city on September 5, 2010.