hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1,000,000,000,000
Mathematics portal

1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale; one billion on the long scale; one thousand billion; one million million) is the natural number following 999,999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,000,001. It is known as 10 kharab, 1000 arab, or 1 lakh crore in the Indian numbering system.

Self-descriptive number
In mathematics, a self-descriptive number is an integer m in a given base b that is b digits long, and each digit d at position n (the most significant digit being at position 0 and the least significant at position b−1) counts how many instances of digit n are in m.
Politics of Muzaffargarh
The Politics of Muzaffargarh (Urdu: مظفرگڑھ کی سیاست) takes place at the municipal, provincial and federal levels of the government. ؐMuzaffargarh is a diverse city, home to multiple ethnicities, languages, cultures, and religions. The city is governed by one Municipal Corporation, six Municipal Committees, thirteen Town Committees, and five Tehsil Councils, as outlined in the Punjab Local Government Act of 2019. On the national stage, Muzaffargarh holds significant importance in both provincial and national politics.

Jamshed Dasti
Jamshed Dasti (Urdu: جمشید دستی; born 15 February 1972) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan between 2008 and 2018 and won elections in 2023 for the National Assembly of Pakistan from NA-175 as an independent candidate with the support of the PTI. He was disqualified by the Election Commission of Pakistan as a member of the National Assembly due to a fake degree on 15 July 2025.
Mavadi
Mavadi is a village in the Kollam district of Kerala, India.

The capital of the Kulakkada Panchayat are located here. The village contains a village office and a temple. Mavadi is also known as Poovattor West, named after the main town, Poovattoor.The Postal Code of Mavadi is 691507.

Poovattoor
Poovattoor is a village located in Kottarakara taluk in the northern part of the Kollam District, Kerala state, India. It is best known as the site of an ancient Bhagavathy temple, Poovattoor Devi Temple, sister of Pattazhy Devi Temple, and Mannadi Devi Temple.
Perdicium
Perdicium is a genus of plants in the tribe Mutisieae within the family Asteraceae. It includes two species native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Species

Several dozen species have at one time been considered members of Perdicium. Almost all of them are now regarded as better suited to other genera (Acourtia Ainsliaea Chaptalia Gerbera Haplocarpha Holocheilus Leibnitzia Leucheria Perezia Trixis). Only two remain:

Perdicium capense L. - South Africa

Perdicium leiocarpum DC. - South Africa

Acourtia
Acourtia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae and was first described as a genus in 1830. It includes desertpeonies, such as Acourtia nana (dwarf desertpeony) and Acourtia runcinata (featherleaf desertpeony).

The genus name of Acourtia is in honour of Mary Elizabeth Catherine Gibbs à Court-Repington (1792–1878), an English noblewoman with botanical interests, who married Charles Ashe à Court-Repington.

Plants in this genus are native to the Southwestern United States (from Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah to Texas) and Mesoamerica (in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico). They are diverse in appearance. The flowers are usually white, pink, or purple. Their flower heads are usually composed of only disc florets, though some are long and look like ray florets.
George Seaverns House
The George Seaverns House is a historic house at 8 High Street in Mechanic Falls, Maine.  Built in 1853, it is distinctive and prominent local example of Gothic Revival architecture, with association to individuals important in the local paper industry.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Mechanic Falls, Maine
Mechanic Falls is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,107 at the 2020 census. Mechanic Falls contains the census-designated place of the same name. It is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area.
Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes
Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes  (International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name) (1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8,-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)ethan-1-one) is a synthetic ketone fragrance also known as OTNE  (octahydrotetramethyl acetophenone) and by other commercial trade names such as: Iso E Super, Iso Gamma Super, Anthamber, Amber Fleur, Boisvelone, Iso Ambois, Amberlan, Iso Velvetone, Orbitone, Amberonne. It is a synthetic woody odorant and is used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, laundry products and cosmetics.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Don't Lose the Magic
"Don't Lose the Magic" is a song recorded by American singer Shawn Christopher, which was co-written by Mike "Hitman" Wilson, Shawn's brother Gavin Christopher and Bill Dickens, and co-produced by Wilson with Neal Howard, Chris Cooke, George Hess and engineer Goh Hotoda. The single was the follow-up to "Another Sleepless Night", as well as her second number-one single on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, reaching the top spot on March 28, 1992, for two weeks. On the Billboard Hot 100 chart, it peaked at number 71, while in the United Kingdom, it reached number 30 on the UK Singles Chart, her highest chart position there.  A 1999 remix of the song also hit the US Dance chart.

Another Sleepless Night (Shawn Christopher song)
"Another Sleepless Night" is a song written and produced by Mike "Hitman" Wilson, and recorded by American dance music singer Shawn Christopher. The single, released in November 1990 by Arista Records as the lead off track from the album of the same name (1992), was the first of two number ones on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart for the Chicago-born artist, reaching the top spot in February 1991. It also charted at number 67 on the Billboard Hot 100. In the UK, the song was released in 1991, and again in 1999, peaking at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart and number eight on the Music Week Dance Singles chart.
EMLL 49th Anniversary Show
The EMLL 49th Anniversary Show (Spanish: 49. Aniversario de EMLL) was a professional wrestling  major show event produced by Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL) that took place on September 17, 1982 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The event commemorated the 49th anniversary of EMLL, which would become the oldest professional wrestling promotion in the world. The Anniversary show is EMLL's biggest show of the year, their Super Bowl event. The EMLL Anniversary Show series is the longest-running annual professional wrestling show, starting in 1934.

CMLL Super Viernes
CMLL Super Viernes (Spanish for "CMLL Super Fridays"), also known as CMLL Viernes Espectaculares (Spanish for "CMLL Spectacular Fridays"), is the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL)'s banner event that takes place every Friday in Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico. The shows take place every Friday all year long, except when CMLL schedules a "supercard" or a pay-per-view (PPV) to take its place since almost all CMLL PPVs and supercards take place on Friday nights in Arena México.
Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
The Chinese and English Dictionary: Containing All the Words in the Chinese Imperial Dictionary, Arranged According to the Radicals (1842), compiled by the English Congregationalist missionary Walter Henry Medhurst (1796–1857), is the second major Chinese–English dictionary after Robert Morrison's pioneering (1815–1823) A Dictionary of the Chinese Language. Medhurst's intention was to publish an abridged and cheaper dictionary that still contained all the 47,035 head characters from the (1716) Kangxi Dictionary, which Morrison's huge dictionary included. Medhurst reversed and revised into his Chinese–English dictionary in compiling the (1847–1848) English and Chinese Dictionary in Two Volumes.

Standard Chinese phonology
The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. However, pronunciation varies widely among speakers, who may introduce elements of their local varieties. Television and radio announcers are chosen for their ability to affect a standard accent. The sound system has not only segments—i.e. vowels and consonants—but also tones, and each syllable has one. In addition to the four main tones, there is a neutral tone that appears on weak syllables.

This article uses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to compare the phonetic values corresponding to syllables romanized with pinyin.
353rd Reconnaissance Squadron
353rd Reconnaissance Squadron (Serbian: 353. извиђачка ескадрила "Соколови", romanized: 353. izviđačka eskadrila "Sokolovi") is a squadron of the 98th Air Brigade of the Serbian Air Force and based at Lađevci Airbase.

Soko J-21 Jastreb
The Soko J-21 Jastreb (from Serbian Cyrillic: јастреб, lit. 'hawk'), referred to as the J-1 Jastreb in some sources, is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engined, light attack aircraft, designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI) and Military Technical Institute (VTI), in Belgrade, and manufactured by SOKO in Mostar. Derived from the G-2 Galeb advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, it was designed in single-seat ground-attack and two-seat advanced flying/weapon training versions.
Outline of computer programming
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer programming:

Computer programming – process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.

Linker (computing)
A linker or link editor is a computer program that combines intermediate software build files such as object and library files into a single executable file such as a program or library. A linker is often part of a toolchain that includes a compiler and/or assembler that generates intermediate files that the linker processes. The linker may be integrated with other toolchain tools such that the user does not interact with the linker directly.

A simpler version that writes its output directly to memory is called the loader, though loading is typically considered a separate process.
1997 Miller 400
The 1997 Miller 400 was the 14th stock car race of the 1997 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 29th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, June 15, 1997, in Brooklyn, Michigan, at Michigan International Speedway, a two-mile (3.2 km) moderate-banked D-shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. In a comeback victory, Robert Yates Racing driver Ernie Irvan would manage to dominate the late stages of the race to take his 15th and final career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Bill Elliott Racing driver Bill Elliott and Roush Racing driver Mark Martin would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Cup Series at Michigan International Speedway
Stock car races events in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held annually at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan since 1969.

A second race at the track was also held until 2020; prior to 2021, the only other season where only one race was held at the track was in 1973.
Saxon VIII 1
The Saxon Class VIII 1 were early German 4-4-0 steam locomotives built for the Royal Saxon State Railways (Königlich Sächsische Staats-Eisenbahn) for express train services. The engines were deployed on the railway route between Dresden and Chemnitz.

They were based on a prototype from Württemberg. They were fitted with an American bogie and had a high outer firebox instead of the second steam dome. As a result, the boiler was also pitched higher.

These locomotives were over 50 years old when they were retired around 1922 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn before being given a new classification.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Nadifa Mohamed
Nadifa Mohamed FRSL (Somali: Nadiifa Maxamed, Arabic: نظيفة محمد) (born 1981) is a Somali-British novelist. She featured on Granta magazine's list "Best of Young British Novelists" in 2013, and in 2014 on the Africa39 list of writers aged under 40 with potential and talent to define future trends in African literature. Her 2021 novel, The Fortune Men, was shortlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize, making her the first British Somali novelist to get this honour. She has also written short stories, essays, memoirs and articles in outlets including The Guardian, and contributed poetry to the anthology New Daughters of Africa (edited by Margaret Busby, 2019). Mohamed was also a lecturer in Creative Writing in the Department of English at Royal Holloway, University of London until 2021. She became Distinguished Writer in Residence at New York University in Spring 2022.

Betty Trask Prize and Awards
The Betty Trask Prize and Awards are for first novels written by authors under the age of 35 who reside in a current or former Commonwealth nation. Each year the awards total at least £20,000, with normally one author receiving a larger prize amount (£10,000 in very recent years), called the "Prize", and the remainder given to the other nominees, called the "Awards". These were established in 1984 by the Society of Authors at the bequest of the late Betty Trask, a reclusive author of over thirty romance novels. They're given to traditional or romantic novels, rather than those of an experimental style, and either published or unpublished works.
Splendid astrapia
The splendid astrapia (Astrapia splendidissima) is a species of Astrapia of the birds-of-paradise family, Paradisaeidae.

It lives mainly in the mountain forests of New Guinea. Male birds are known for their bright feathers and unique courtship displays, such as hopping between branches, flicking their tails, and making frog-like calls to attract females. They may also have lek mating behavior, where males gather and display together.

This species mainly eats fruit, but also feeds on insects, lizards and frogs. While males live alone, females raise the young and sometimes form small groups when searching for food.

The population is stable, but it could be affected by forest loss. It has two recognised subspecies. The splendid astrapia may hybridize with other astrapias.

Black sicklebill
The black sicklebill (Epimachus fastosus) is a large member of the birds of paradise family, Paradisaeidae. This species is found throughout most of central New Guinea and the Vogelkop region to the northwest in montane forests at altitudes from 1,800 to 2,150 m (5,900 to 7,100 ft).
Mexiscope
Mexiscope was a cinematic process used in various Mexican film productions, specifically by Producciones Rosas Priego and Rosas Films, intended to widen the screen format. This process' color was provided by Eastmancolor.

Eastmancolor
Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with color motion picture production and referring to George Eastman, founder of Kodak.

Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names, such as DeLuxe Color, Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathécolor, Columbiacolor, and others.

For more information on Eastmancolor, see

Color motion picture film, for background on Eastmancolor and other motion picture processes in general

Eastman Kodak Fine Grain color negative films (1950 onwards), within the "List of motion picture film stocks" article
Orbient
Orbient, known in Japan as Orbital, is a puzzle video game developed by Skip Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Wii's WiiWare digital distribution service. It is one of twelve games in the Art Style series of video games available for WiiWare and DSiWare. It is a remake of a Japan-only Game Boy Advance video game titled Orbital, released for the bit Generations series of video games.

The objective of Orbient is to control a white star which grows larger by absorbing blue stars and collecting smaller gray stars to form orbiting satellites.

While the original bit Generations version was met with mixed reactions, the WiiWare version of Orbient was very well-received, holding an average score of 82.3% and 82/100 from GameRankings and Metacritic respectively.

Video game remake
A video game remake is a video game closely adapted from an earlier title, usually for the purpose of modernizing a game with updated graphics for newer hardware and gameplay for contemporary audiences. Typically, a remake of such game software shares essentially the same title, fundamental gameplay concepts, and core story elements of the original game, although some aspects of the original game may have been changed for the remake.

Remakes are often made by the original developer or copyright holder, and sometimes by the fan community. If created by the community, video game remakes are sometimes also called fangames and can be seen as part of the retro gaming phenomenon.
Buxtehude
Buxtehude (German pronunciation: [bʊkstəˈhuːdə] ⓘ; Low German: Buxthu, pronounced [bʊkstˈhu]), officially the Hanseatic City of Buxtehude (German: Hansestadt Buxtehude), is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany, belonging to the district of Stade in Lower Saxony. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region and attached to the city's S-Bahn rapid transit network. Buxtehude is a medium-sized town and the second largest municipality in the Stade district (Landkreis). It lies on the southern border of the Altes Land in close proximity to the city-state of Hamburg. To the west lie the towns of Horneburg and Stade and to the south there are a number of  incorporated villages featuring mostly upscale housing; e.g., Ottensen and Apensen.

Blagnac
Blagnac (French pronunciation: [blaɲak]; Occitan: Blanhac) is a commune of the greater Toulouse area in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. The city hosts the aviation museum Aeroscopia and the corporate headquarters and major manufacturing operations of Airbus.

It is the third-largest suburb of the city of Toulouse, although governed by a separate council, and is adjacent to it on the northwest side. It is a member of the Toulouse Métropole.
Fernie, British Columbia
Fernie is a city in the Elk Valley area of the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located on BC Highway 3 on the western approaches to the Crowsnest Pass through the Rocky Mountains. Founded in 1898 and incorporated as the City of Fernie in July 1904, the municipality has a population of over 5,000 with an additional 2,000 outside city limits in communities under the jurisdiction of the Regional District of East Kootenay. A substantial seasonal population swells the city during the winter months.

Fernie lies on the Elk River, along Canada's southernmost east-west transportation corridor through the Rockies that crosses the range via the Crowsnest Pass, 40 kilometres (25 miles) to the east. As the largest and longest-established community between Cranbrook and Lethbridge, Fernie serves as a minor regional centre, particularly for its fellow Elk Valley communities.

Cranbrook, British Columbia
Cranbrook (/ˈkrænbrʊk/ KRAN-bruuk) is a city in southeast British Columbia, Canada, located approximately 10 km southwest of the confluence of the Kootenay River and the St. Mary's River. It is the largest urban centre in the region known as the East Kootenay. As of 2021, Cranbrook's population is 20,499 with a census agglomeration population of 27,040. It is the location of the headquarters of the Regional District of East Kootenay and also the location of the regional headquarters of various provincial ministries and agencies, notably the Rocky Mountain Forest District.

Cranbrook is home to the Canadian Museum of Rail Travel which presents static exhibits of passenger rail cars built in the 1920s for the CPR and in the 1900s for the Spokane International Railway.
Frank Howard House
The Frank Howard House is a historic house in Atchison, Kansas. It was built in 1884-1885 for Frank Howard, a dry goods merchant and clothing manufacturer.

The house was designed by H. B. Prudden in the Stick-Eastlake architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 15, 1984.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Atchison County, Kansas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Atchison County, Kansas.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Atchison County, Kansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 51 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 8, 2025.
Sphaerotilus natans
Sphaerotilus natans is an aquatic periphyton bacterial organism associated with polluted water.  These tightly sheathed filamentous bacteria colonies are commonly but inaccurately known as "sewage fungus"

Periphyton
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term aufwuchs (German 'surface growth' or 'overgrowth', pronounced [ˈaʊ̯fˌvuːks] ⓘ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants.

Periphyton serves as an important food source for invertebrates, tadpoles, and some fishes. It can also absorb contaminants, removing them from the water column and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality; responses of this community to pollutants can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community-level changes. Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies.