hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone in sports
Growth hormones in sports refers to the use of growth hormones (GH or HGH) for athletic enhancement, as opposed to growth hormone treatment for medical therapy.  Human Growth Hormone is a prescription medication in the US, meaning that its distribution and use without a prescription is illegal. There is limited evidence that GH doping improves athletic performance, although the perception that it does is common in the sporting community. Potential side effects of long term GH doping could mirror the symptoms found in sufferers of acromegaly, a disease in which the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone. These symptoms include swelling of the hands and feet, joint pain, fluid retention, and excessive sweating.

Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a disorder that results in excess growth of certain parts of the human body. It is caused by excess growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have closed. The initial symptom is typically enlargement of the hands and feet. There may also be an enlargement of the forehead, jaw, and nose. Other symptoms may include joint pain, thickened skin, deepening of the voice, headaches, and problems with vision. Complications of the disease may include type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and high blood pressure.
Raipur Daba
Raipur Daba, also spelled as Raipur Dabba, is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) away from sub post office Dosanjh Khurd, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Nawanshahr, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 106 kilometres (66 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by the arpanch, an elected representative of the village.

Dosanjh Khurd
Dosanjh Khurd is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) away from Banga, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Nawanshahr, 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 103 kilometres (64 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.
2018 Gander Outdoors 400 (Dover)
The 2018 Gander Outdoors 400 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on October 7, 2018 at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Contested over 404 laps – extended from 400 laps due to an overtime finish – on the 1-mile (1.6-kilometre) concrete speedway, it was the 30th race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, fourth race of the Playoffs, and the first race of the Round of 12.

Hendrick Motorsports driver Chase Elliott took his 2nd win of the season, taking the race lead when Stewart-Haas Racing's Aric Almirola pitted with 6 laps to go, and maintained the lead through the overtime finish to advance to the Round of 8.

NASCAR Cup Series at Dover Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series were held annually at Dover Motor Speedway in Dover, Delaware since 1969 to 2025. The race was named Autotrader EchoPark Automotive 400 for sponsorship reasons.

From 1971 through 2020, a second Cup race was held at Dover in the fall.
Rakhine State Hluttaw
Rakhine State Hluttaw (Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်လွှတ်တော်) is the legislature of the Rakhine State, Myanmar. It is a unicameral body, consisting of 47 members, including 35 elected members and 12 military representatives.  As of February 2016, the Hluttaw was led by speaker San Kyaw Hla of the Arakan National Party (ANP).

In 2015 general election, the ANP won the most contested seats in the legislature. However, the ANP did not achieve a majority of seats in the legislature due to the 12 appointed seats for military personnel.

Rakhine State
Rakhine State (/rəˈkaɪn/ ⓘ rə-KYN; Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်, MLCTS: ra.hkuing pranynai, pronounced [jəkʰàiɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]; Rakhine pronunciation: [ɹəkʰàiɰ̃ pɹènè]), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. The north–south Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separate Rakhine State from central Myanmar. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe (formerly known as Akyab).

As of November 2025, the Arakan Army which is the armed wing of the ethnic Rakhine, maintains de facto control over approximately 90 percent of the state, including 14 of its 17 townships.
DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Broadcasting Union (EBU).

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Kuraokami
Okami (淤加美神, Okami-no-kami) in the Kojiki, or in the Nihon Shoki: Kuraokami (闇龗) or Okami (龗), is a legendary Japanese dragon and Shinto deity of rain and snow. In Japanese mythology, the sibling progenitors Izanagi and Izanami gave birth to the islands and gods of Japan. After Izanami died from burns during the childbirth of the fire deity Kagu-tsuchi, Izanagi was enraged and killed his son. Kagutsuchi's blood or body, according to differing versions of the legend, created several other deities, including Kuraokami.

Izanagi
Izanagi (イザナギ/伊邪那岐/伊弉諾), formally referred to with a divine honorific as
Izanagi-no-Mikoto (伊邪那岐命/伊弉諾尊; meaning "He-who-invites" or the "Male-who-invites"), is the creator deity (kami) of both creation and life in Japanese mythology. He and his sister-wife Izanami are the last of the seven generations of primordial deities that manifested after the formation of heaven and earth. Izanagi and Izanami are held to be the creators of the Japanese archipelago and the progenitors of many deities, which include the sun goddess Amaterasu, the moon deity Tsukuyomi, and the storm god Susanoo. He is a god that can be said to be the beginning of the current Japanese imperial family.
Rupali Chakankar
Rupali Chakankar is a prominent Indian politician from Maharashtra currently serving as the chairperson of the Maharashtra State Women's Commission(MSCW). As of late 2025, she remains a key leader in the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), specifically the faction led by Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar.

Ajit Pawar
Ajit Anantrao Pawar (22 July 1959 – 28 January 2026) was an Indian politician who served as Maharashtra's longest-serving deputy chief minister for more than eight years, between 2010 and his death in 2026, for six terms. He held the office under various governments, including the cabinets of Prithviraj Chavan, Devendra Fadnavis, Uddhav Thackeray, and Eknath Shinde.

He also served as the leader of the opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2022 to 2023 and represented Baramati Lok Sabha constituency in 1991.
Luca Gualco
Luca Gualco (born May 11, 1981) is a former professional athlete and entrepreneur. He played Water Polo for the Italian youth and main national team and for the club team Pro Recco as a center defender from 1995 to 2003. He won the LEN Champions League with Pro Recco both as a player and a member of the board, in 2003 and 2010, respectively. His style of playing is said to be very similar to that of Franco Lavoratori, his coach and mentor.

Franco Lavoratori
Franco Lavoratori (15 March 1941 – 3 May 2006) was an Italian water polo player. He competed at the 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics and finished in first, fourth, fourth and sixth place; he scored four, zero, six and three goals, respectively. Between 1959 and 1974, he won 14 Italian titles, as well as one domestic cup in 1974 and one European Cup in 1965.
2019–2020 Guinean protests
The 2019–2020 Guinean protests, or the Front National pour la Défense de la Constitution (FNDC), were a series of violent protests and mass civil unrest around Guinea against the rule of Alpha Condé that first broke out on 14 October 2019 against constitutional changes. More than 800 were killed in violent clashes and political scenes yet ethnic clashes and this spawned even further rhetoric, while the protesters still resisted despite the harsh repression. After the 2020 Guinean presidential election, widespread unrest took place, leading to the deaths of 27 protesters.

2013 Guinea clashes
There were two waves of violence in Guinea in 2013, first in February and March, then in July.
Nine civilians died in political violence in Guinea in February 2013, after protesters took to the streets to voice their concerns over the transparency of the 2013 election. The demonstrations were fuelled by the opposition coalition's decision to withdraw from the electoral process in protest at the lack of transparency in the preparations for the election. Nine people were killed during the protests in early 2013, while around 220 were injured, and many of the deaths and injuries were caused by security forces using live fire on protesters.

In July 2013, there was ethno-religious fighting between the Fula (along with Guerzé (Kpelle)) and Malinké (along with Konianke) people, the latter forming the base of support for President Alpha Condé, with the former consisting mainly of the opposition. The July violence left 98 dead.
Product naming
In marketing, product naming is the discipline of deciding what a product will be called, and is very similar in concept and approach to the process of deciding on a name for a company or organization. Product naming is considered a critical part of the branding process, which includes all of the marketing activities that affect the brand image, such as positioning and the design of logo, packaging and the product itself.
The process involved in product naming can take months or years to complete. Some key steps include specifying the objectives of the branding, developing the product name itself, evaluating names through target market testing and focus groups, choosing a final product name, and finally identifying it as a trademark for protection.

Test market
A test market, in the field of business and marketing, is a geographic region or demographic group used to gauge the viability of a product or service in the mass market prior to a wide scale rollout.  The criteria used to judge the acceptability of a test market region or group include:

a population that is demographically similar to the proposed target market; and

relative isolation from densely populated media markets so that advertising to the test audience can be efficient and economical.
X Marks the Spot (1931 film)
X Marks the Spot is a 1931 American pre-Code crime drama film directed by Erle C. Kenton and released by Tiffany Pictures, which operated from 1921 to 1932.

The source material was remade into a 1942 film of the same name.  Helen Parrish appeared in both versions.

Tiffany Pictures
Tiffany Pictures (known as Tiffany-Stahl Productions from 1927 to 1930) was an American film studio in Hollywood, in operation from 1921 until 1932. It is considered a Poverty Row studio, whose films had lower budgets, lesser-known stars, and lower production values than major studios.
Palmares (quilombo)
Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil that developed from 1605 until its suppression in 1694. It was located in the captaincy of Pernambuco, in what is today the Brazilian state of Alagoas. The quilombo was located in what is now the municipality of União dos Palmares.

Kimbundu
Kimbundu, a Bantu language which has sometimes been called Mbundu or North Mbundu (to distinguish it from Umbundu, sometimes called South Mbundu), is the second-most-widely-spoken Bantu language in Angola.

It is the native language of 3.728 million people (as of 2024), with its speakers mostly concentrated in the north-west of the country, notably in the Bengo, Luanda, Icolo e Bengo, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul , and the Malanje provinces. It is spoken by the Ambundu.
IMAM Ro.51
The IMAM Ro.51 was an Italian fighter aircraft that first flew in 1937. It was designed for the 1936 new fighter contest for the Regia Aeronautica, with practically all the Italian aircraft builders involved.

Breda-SAFAT machine gun
Breda Mod. SAFAT cal. 7,7  and Breda Mod. SAFAT cal. 12,7, also known as Breda Mod. SAFAT 7.7 and Breda Mod. SAFAT 12.7, 7.7mm Breda-SAFAT and 12.7mm Breda-SAFAT, or more commonly as Breda-SAFAT 7.7 and Breda-SAFAT 12.7 were two Italian machine guns designed for aircraft use. Designed by Giuseppe Mascarucci, the guns were chambered to fire the standard ammunition in service with the Regia Aeronautica: 7.7 mm (0.303 in) and 12.7 mm (0.500 in) calibres, predominantly ball, tracer for the 7.7mm, including high explosive incendiary tracer (HEI-T) (filled with 0.8 grams of PETN), or armour-piercing (AP) for the 12.7mm.
Louis C. Shepard
Lewis Capet Shepard (September 2, 1841 – April 27, 1919) was a Union Navy sailor during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher. Due to a Navy clerical error his citation records his first name as  Louis.

Naval History and Heritage Command
The Naval History and Heritage Command, formerly the Naval Historical Center, is an Echelon II command responsible for the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage located at the historic Washington Navy Yard.  The NHHC is composed of 42 facilities in 13 geographic locations including the Navy Department Library, 10 museums and 1 heritage center, USS Constitution repair facility and detachment, and historic ship ex-USS Nautilus.
Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase
In enzymology, a nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide  diphosphate + deamido-NAD+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and nicotinate ribonucleotide, whereas its two products are diphosphate and deamido-NAD+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:nicotinate-ribonucleotide adenylyltransferase. Other names in common use include deamido-NAD+ pyrophosphorylase, nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, deamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphorylase, NaMN-ATase, and nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.

Nucleotidyltransferase
Nucleotidyltransferases are transferase enzymes of phosphorus-containing groups, e.g., substituents of nucleotidylic acids or simply nucleoside monophosphates. The general reaction of transferring a nucleoside monophosphate moiety from A to B, can be written as:

A-P-N + B  A + B-P-N

For example, in the case of polymerases, A is pyrophosphate and B is the nascent polynucleotide.
They are classified under EC number 2.7.7 and they can be categorised into:

Uridylyltransferases, which transfer uridylyl- groups

Adenylyltransferases, which transfer adenylyl- groups

Guanylyltransferases, which transfer guanylyl- groups

Cytitidylyltransferases, which transfer cytidylyl- groups

Thymidylyltransferases, which transfer thymidylyl- groups
Twist knot
In knot theory, a branch of mathematics, a twist knot is a knot obtained by repeatedly twisting a closed loop and then linking the ends together.  (That is, a twist knot is any Whitehead double of an unknot.)  The twist knots are an infinite family of knots, and are considered the simplest type of knots after the torus knots.

Figure-eight knot (mathematics)
In knot theory, a figure-eight knot (also called Listing's knot) is the unique knot with a crossing number of four.  This makes it the knot with the third-smallest possible crossing number, after the unknot and the
trefoil knot. The figure-eight knot is a prime knot.
Katō Kiyomasa
Katō Kiyomasa (加藤 清正; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.toː (|) kʲi.jo.ma.sa], July 25, 1562 – August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. His court title was Higo no Kami (肥後守; lit. 'Chief of Higo'). His name as a child was Yashamaru, and first name was Toranosuke. He was one of Hideyoshi's Seven Spears of Shizugatake.

Toyotomi Hideyori
Toyotomi Hideyori (豊臣 秀頼; August 28, 1593 – June 4, 1615) was the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the general who united all of Japan toward the end of the Sengoku period. His mother, Yodo-dono, was the niece of Oda Nobunaga.
Pernil
Pernil (pernil asado, pernil al horno, roast pork) is a slow-roasted marinated pork leg or pork shoulder common in Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. Pernil is typically accompanied by rice and is commonly shared during Christmas.

The pork shoulder is used as a whole piece, with skin and bone. It is marinated the day prior to roasting with sofrito, salt and pepper, plus possibly additional spices (oregano and adobo). Sofrito is placed deep within the meat through small cuts. After marination the covered meat is slowly roasted initially in the oven for several hours, and, in the final phase, at a higher temperature with the cover off to get the skin crisp. When finished, the meat falls off the bone, and the crisp skin (cuero) is separated, cleared of fat, and can be served separately as cueritos (pork skin chips).

Adobo
Adobo or adobar (Spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. The Portuguese variant is known as carne de vinha d'alhos. The practice, native to Iberia (Spanish and Portuguese cuisine), was widely adopted in Latin America, as well as Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia.

In the Philippines, the name adobo was given by colonial-era Spaniards on the islands to a different indigenous cooking method that also uses vinegar. Although similar, this developed independently of Spanish influence.
Direct integration of a beam
Direct integration is a structural analysis method for measuring internal shear, internal moment, rotation, and deflection of a beam.

For a beam with an applied weight , taking downward to be positive, the internal shear force is given by taking the negative integral of the weight:

The internal moment  is the integral of the internal shear:

=

The angle of rotation from the horizontal, , is the integral of the internal moment divided by the product of the Young's modulus and the area moment of inertia:

Integrating the angle of rotation obtains the vertical displacement :

Structural analysis
Structural analysis is a branch of solid mechanics which uses simplified models for solids like bars, beams and shells for engineering decision making. Its main objective is to determine the effect of loads on physical structures and their components.  In contrast to theory of elasticity, the models used in structural analysis are often differential equations in one spatial variable. Structures subject to this type of analysis include all that must withstand loads, such as buildings, bridges, aircraft and ships.  Structural analysis uses ideas from applied mechanics, materials science and applied mathematics to compute a structure's deformations, internal forces, stresses, support reactions, velocity, accelerations, and stability. The results of the analysis are used to verify a structure's fitness for use, often precluding physical tests. Structural analysis is thus a key part of the engineering design of structures.
2013 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 2013 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wildcats played their home games at Arizona Stadium in Tucson for the 85th straight year. The 2013 season was Arizona's third in the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference and the second for head coach Rich Rodriguez.

Casino Del Sol Stadium
Casino Del Sol Stadium (formerly Arizona Stadium until 2025) is an outdoor college football stadium in the southwestern United States, located on the campus of the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. It is the home field of the Arizona Wildcats of the Big 12 Conference.  On November 17, 2025, The University of Arizona announced a 20 year naming rights deal with the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, with the venue now being called Casino Del Sol Stadium.  It opened under the name Arizona Stadium on October 12, 1929, at a cost of $166,888.

Originally constructed in 1929 to hold 7,000 spectators, the stadium's seating capacity has been expanded numerous times since. As of 2022, the stadium has a total capacity of 50,800. The facility also includes the offices of the Wildcat football program, as well as some non-athletic academic offices, including the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab.
Kharsang
Kharsang is a small town located in the Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. It serves as an administrative sub-division of the district.

The town's economy is primarily based on tea plantations, which serve as the main source of income for the local population. In addition, Kharsang has significant mineral deposits, such as coal and petroleum. Located in the area is the Kharsang Oil Field, operated by GeoEnpro Petroleum Limited, spanning an area of 11 square kilometers.

Tangsa Naga
The Tangshang people or Tangsa, are of Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group of the Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. They also reside in Sagaing Region and parts of Kachin State of Myanmar. In Myanmar they were formerly known as Rangpang, Pangmi, and Haimi. They speak their own language Tangsa.

Tangsa is the largest  ethnic group having an approximate population of 450,000. They are a scheduled group under the Indian Constitution  and there are many sub-groups within Tangsa on both sides of the border.