hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). It is part of the skin flora of humans, and its largest populations are usually found at the axillae, perineum, and inguinal areas. S. haemolyticus also colonizes primates and domestic animals. It is a well-known opportunistic pathogen, and is the second-most frequently isolated CoNS (S. epidermidis is the first). Infections can be localized or systemic, and are often associated with the insertion of medical devices. The highly antibiotic-resistant phenotype and ability to form biofilms make S. haemolyticus a difficult pathogen to treat. Its most closely related species is Staphylococcus borealis.

Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.

The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria—is different from the second lipid membrane – bacterial outer membrane, which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria. When the amorphous viscid secretion (that makes up the capsule) diffuses into the surrounding medium and remains as a loose undemarcated secretion, it is known as a slime layer. Capsule and slime layer are sometimes summarized under the term glycocalyx.
Cassini oval
In geometry, a Cassini oval is a quartic plane curve defined as the locus of points in the plane such that the product of the distances to two fixed points (foci) is constant. This may be contrasted with an ellipse, for which the sum of the distances is constant, rather than the product. Cassini ovals are the special case of polynomial lemniscates when the polynomial used has degree 2.

Cassini ovals are named after the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini who studied them in the late 17th century. 
Cassini believed that a planet orbiting around another body traveled on one of these ovals, with the body it orbited around at one focus of the oval.
Other names include Cassinian ovals, Cassinian curves and ovals of Cassini.

Giovanni Domenico Cassini
Giovanni Domenico Cassini  (8 June 1625 – 14 September 1712) was an Italian-French mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. He discovered four satellites of Saturn and noted the division of its rings, later named the Cassini Division. Cassini was also the first of his family to begin work on the project of creating a topographic map of France. In addition, he also created the first scientific map of the Moon.

The Cassini space probe, launched in 1997, was named after him and became the fourth to visit Saturn and the first to orbit it.
Halifax Harbour Bridges
The Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission, operating as Halifax Harbour Bridges, is a Nova Scotia Crown corporation created in 1950 by provincial statute. It currently operates under a new statute passed in 2005 named the Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission Act. The commission is responsible for constructing, operating, and maintaining two suspension bridges that cross Halifax Harbour between the communities of Halifax and Dartmouth.

The Commission reports to the Minister of Finance and the Nova Scotia Cabinet approves the Commission's financing. The commission has nine board members, five of whom are appointed by the provincial government, including the chair and vice-chair; the Halifax Regional Municipality appoints four councillors to the remaining seats on the board. The commission's toll rates are approved by the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board.

Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board
The Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB) was an independent tribunal responsible for regulating public utilities and fulfilling a variety of adjudicative functions in Nova Scotia.

On April 1, 2025, the NSUARB's responsibilities were transferred to the newly established Nova Scotia Energy and Regulatory Boards Tribunal, which now handles energy, regulatory, and utility-related matters in the province.

Prior to the transfer, the NSUARB was governed under the Utility and Review Board Act and reported directly to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly through the Minister of Finance.
Dahner Felsenland
The Dahner Felsenland, also referred to as the Dahn Rockland, is a landscape in the county of Südwestpfalz in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is located in the middle section of the Wasgau, which in turn forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges in France. The Dahner Felsenland has numerous rock formations within the  South Palatinate Climbing Area (Klettergebiet Südpfalz).

Südwestpfalz
Südwestpfalz (pronounced [zyːtˈvɛstˌpfalts], lit. 'Southwest Palatinate') is a district (Kreis or more precise Landkreis) in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Saarpfalz, the district-free city Zweibrücken, the districts Kaiserslautern and Bad Dürkheim, the district-free city Landau  (the Taubensuhl/Fassendeich forest part of the city), Südliche Weinstraße, and the French département Bas-Rhin. The district-free city Pirmasens is surrounded by the district.
Bulgarian verbs
Bulgarian verbs are the most complicated part of Bulgarian grammar, especially when compared with other Slavic languages. Bulgarian verbs are inflected for person, number and sometimes gender. They also have lexical aspect (perfective and imperfective), voice, nine tenses, three moods, four evidentials and six non-finite verbal forms. Because the subject of the verb can be inferred from the verb ending, it is often omitted. As there is no infinitive in contemporary Bulgarian, the basic form of a verb is its present simple tense first person singular form.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Huomenta Suomi
Huomenta Suomi (English: Good Morning Finland) is a Finnish breakfast television, originally broadcast on Kolmoskanava, then on MTV3. The show was launched on December 1, 1989. From January 2020 to December 2022, the show's name was Uutisaamu (in English News-morning). The program airs from 6:25 to 9:05 AM, with news and weather every half hour.

Breakfast television
Breakfast television (Europe and Australia) or morning show (Canada and the United States) is a type of news or infotainment television programme that broadcasts live in the morning (typically scheduled between 5:00 and 10:00 a.m., or if it is a local programme, as early as 4:00 a.m.). Often presented by a small team of hosts, these programmes are typically marketed towards the combined demography of people getting ready for work and school and stay-at-home adults and parents.

The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, which set the tone for the genre and premiered on 14 January 1952 on NBC in the United States. For the next 70 years, Today was the number one morning program in the ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start, many other television stations and television networks around the world have followed NBC's lead, copying that program's successful format.
Bedfords (ward)
Bedfords was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned two councillors to Havering London Borough Council. The ward covered Rise Park and Havering-atte-Bower. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Havering electoral division from 1965 and then the Romford division from 1973. The ward was only represented by Conservative Party councillors. It was named after Bedfords Park.

Havering (electoral division)
Havering was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected three councillors for a three-year term in 1964, 1967 and 1970. Bill Fiske, the first leader of the Greater London Council, was elected from the division.
Pic Macaya
Pic Macaya (Macaya Peak) is the second-highest mountain in Haiti (after Pic la Selle), rising to an elevation of 2,347 metres (7,700 feet) above sea level. It is located in the Massif de la Hotte, 36 kilometres (22 miles) northwest of Les Cayes and 195 km (121 mi) west of Port-au-Prince. The mountain is located in the Pic Macaya National Park.

Pic Macaya is a source of water generation and has rich soil that support its dense pine forests. It has a high concentration of biodiversity with numerous endemic species and is also a nesting location for the endangered Black-capped petrel.

Pic la Selle
Pic la Selle (French pronunciation: [pik la sɛl]; Haitian Creole: Pik Lasel), also called Morne La Selle, is the highest peak in Haiti at 2,680 metres (8,793 ft) above sea level. The mountain is part of the Chaîne de la Selle mountain range.  It is located in the Ouest administrative department.
Wolgwa-chae
Wolgwa-chae (Korean: 월과채; Hanja: 越瓜菜) is a variety of japchae (stir-fried vegetable dish) made with Oriental pickling melon, called wolgwa in Korean. This summer dish was a part of the Korean royal court cuisine.

Korean royal court cuisine
Korean royal court cuisine was the style of cookery within Korean cuisine traditionally consumed at the court of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897. There has been a revival of this cookery style in the 21st century. It is said that twelve dishes should be served along with rice and soup, with most dishes served in bangjja (bronzeware).
Movement paradox
A movement paradox is a phenomenon of grammar that challenges the transformational approach to syntax. The importance of movement paradoxes is emphasized by those theories of syntax (e.g. lexical functional grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, construction grammar, most dependency grammars) that reject movement, i.e. the notion that discontinuities in syntax are explained by the movement of constituents.

Lexical functional grammar
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. It posits several parallel levels of syntactic structure, including a phrase structure grammar representation of word order and constituency, and a representation of grammatical functions such as subject and object, similar to dependency grammar. The development of the theory was initiated by Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan in the 1970s, in reaction to the theory of transformational grammar which was current in the late 1970s. It mainly focuses on syntax, including its relation with morphology and semantics. There has been little LFG work on phonology (although ideas from optimality theory have recently been popular in LFG research). Some recent work combines LFG with  Distributed Morphology in Lexical-Realizational Functional Grammar.
Châteauneuf-Grasse
Châteauneuf-Grasse (French: [ʃɑtonœf ɡʁas]; Occitan: Castèunòu de Grassa), alternatively known as names are Châteauneuf de Grasse or simply Châteauneuf, is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

Châteauneuf-Grasse is situated on the French Riviera, just over 4 km (2.4 mi) from Grasse and 21 km (13 mi) from Cannes; it borders the villages of Plascassier and Opio. It extends across 895 hectares (2,211 acres) and has a population of over 3,600 inhabitants. It is divided into two districts: Pré-du-Lac (where most of the commerce is found) and Le Vignal.

Grasse
Grasse (French pronunciation: [ɡʁas]; Provençal Occitan: Grassa in classical norm or Grasso in Mistralian norm [ˈɡɾasɔ]; traditional Italian: Grassa) is the only subprefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur region on the French Riviera.

Considered the world's capital of perfume, Grasse obtained two flowers in the Concours des villes et villages fleuris and was made Ville d'Art et d'Histoire (City of Art and History).
Blagaj Rijeka
Blagaj Rijeka (Cyrillic: Благај Ријека) is a village in the municipality of Novi Grad, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

It lies at the confluence of the river Japra into the Sana river, across Blagaj Japra.

Novi Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Novi Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Град), formerly Bosanski Novi (Serbian Cyrillic: Босански Нови), is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Situated in the far northwest of the country, it lies across the Una from the Croatian town of Dvor. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 11,063 while its municipality comprises a total of 27,115 inhabitants.

Known for its scenic quay, Novi Grad lies at the confluence of the Una and Sana rivers.
Afloqualone
Afloqualone (Arofuto) is a quinazolinone family GABAergic drug and is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1970s by a team at Tanabe Seiyaku. It has sedative and muscle-relaxant effects resulting from its agonist activity at the β subtype of the GABAa receptor and has had some clinical use, although it causes photosensitization as a side-effect that can cause skin problems such as dermatitis.

Quinazolinone
Quinazolinone is a heterocyclic chemical compound, a quinazoline with a carbonyl group in the C4N2 ring. Two isomers are possible: 2-quinazolinone and 4-quinazolinone, with the 4-isomer being the more common. These compounds are of interest in medicinal chemistry.

2-Quinazolinone

4-Quinazolinone
Bouchard Archeological Site, RI-1025
The Bouchard Archeological Site, RI-1025 is a prehistoric archaeological site in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA.  The site, on a bluff overlooking Glen Rock Reservoir, has yielded evidence of Native American occupation from the Late Archaic to the Early Woodland periods.  The site is governed by the Farmers Home Administration.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

South Kingstown, Rhode Island
South Kingstown is a town in, and the county seat of, Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 31,931 at the 2020 census. South Kingstown is the second largest town in Rhode Island by total geographic area, behind New Shoreham, and the third largest town in Rhode Island by geographic land area, behind Exeter and Coventry.
Sub-loop unbundling
In the telephony business, sub-loop unbundling (SLU) is a type of unbundled access whereby a sub-section of the local loop is unbundled. In practice this often means the competitor placing a small street cabinet with a DSLAM, next to a telco local copper aggregation cabinet or serving area interface and using a "tie cable" to connect to the last part of the local loop into customers' homes. Lyddington in Rutland was the first example of SLU in the UK when local provider Rutland Telecom unbundled the cabinet to offer VDSL broadband.

Local loop
In telephony, the local loop (also referred to as the local tail, subscriber line, or in the aggregate as the last mile) is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network.

At the edge of the carrier access network in a traditional public telephone network, the local loop terminates in a circuit switch housed in an incumbent local exchange carrier or telephone exchange.
CopperString
CopperString is a proposed electricity connection between Townsville in North Queensland to Mount Isa in North-West Queensland, Australia. It will be approximately 840 to 1,000 kilometres (520 to 620 mi) long. It is expected to pass through the towns of Charters Towers, Pentland, Hughenden, Richmond, Julia Creek, and Cloncurry. It is a project of the Queensland Government to improve the affordability and availability of electricity in North and North-West Queensland. It is expected to be completed by 2032.

Hughenden, Queensland
Hughenden (/hjuːəndən/) is a rural town and locality in the Flinders Shire, Queensland, Australia. It is the seat of the Flinders Shire. In the 2021 census, the locality of Hughenden had a population of 1,113 people.
1976 Colgate Inaugural
The 1976 Colgate Inaugural was a women's singles tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts at the Mission Hills Country Club in Palm Springs, California in the United States. The event was part of the AAAA category  of the Colgate International Series which was incorporated into the 1977 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from October 17 through October 24, 1976. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $45,000 first-prize money.

1977 WTA Tour
The 1977 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of two circuits the newly streamlined version of the Virginia Slims Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the US) and the world wide Colgate International Series. The year 1977 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.
Leonidas Jefferson Storey
Leonidas Jefferson Storey (October 6, 1834 – March 28, 1909) was an American politician and military officer who served as the 13th lieutenant governor of Texas from 1881 to 1883. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in both houses of the Texas Legislature from 1873 to 1881.

Lieutenant Governor of Texas
The lieutenant governor of Texas is the second-highest constitutional officer in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the second-highest rank in the state government, behind only the governor.

The lieutenant governor serves as the first person in the gubernatorial line of succession, as an ex officio member of several state boards, and as the president of the Texas Senate. Unlike most lieutenant governors in the U.S., whose position in their respective state senates are largely ceremonial, the lieutenant governor of Texas plays an active role in running the chamber.

The lieutenant governor is elected every four years during the state's midterm elections. It is elected separately from the governor and has no term limits. The current lieutenant governor is Dan Patrick, who has served since January 20, 2015.
Cultural depictions of Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I of England has inspired artistic and cultural works for over four centuries. The following lists cover various media, enduring works of high art, and recent representations in popular culture, film and fiction. The entries represent portrayals that a reader has a reasonable chance of encountering rather than a complete catalogue.

The Royal Diaries
The Royal Diaries is a series of 20 books published by Scholastic Press from 1999 to 2005. In each of the books, a fictional diary of a real female figure of royalty as a child throughout world history was written by the author. The Royal Diaries was a spin-off of Scholastic's popular Dear America series. While Dear America, My Name Is America, and My America were all cancelled in 2004, The Royal Diaries continued until 2005.

Unlike Dear America, which consisted of diaries of young girls living during pivotal periods in American history, The Royal Diaries  is a series that features women of royalty from all over the world.  The series is fictional, though it involves real historical figures.  Facts and images concerning the historical figure featured in the book are given at the end of each of the books.
John Mathews (American pioneer)
John Mathews (died 1757) was an early American pioneer in Augusta County, Virginia, where he served as an officer in the county militia, a vestryman for Augusta Parish, and a justice of the peace. He was the progenitor of the Mathews political family from Virginia and the American South. His sons included George Mathews (1739–1812) and Sampson Mathews (c. 1737–1807). Other descendants include Henry M. Mathews (1834–1884) and Mason Mathews Patrick (1863–1942).

Rockbridge County, Virginia
Rockbridge County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,650. Its county seat is the city of Lexington. Rockbridge County completely surrounds the independent cities of Buena Vista and Lexington. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the independent cities of Buena Vista and Lexington with Rockbridge County for statistical purposes.
Patriarchs' Hall
The Patriarchs' Hall is a building in East Asian Buddhist temples enshrining the founding monk or a highly revered national master of the temple, a specific tradition, or of Buddhism in that country. Patriarchs' Hall serves as centers of commemoration, venerating the lineage and legacy of these masters, and are distinct from halls dedicated to celestial Buddhas or bodhisattvas. The architectural style, specific nomenclature, and the figures enshrined within these halls reflect the unique historical development and cultural integration of Buddhism in each country.

In Chinese Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Zushi Tang or Zushi Dian. In Japanese Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Soshidō or Mieidō. In Korean Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Josadang. In Vietnamese Buddhist temples, they are usually termed the Tổ Sư Đường or Tổ Đường.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Brudzewice, Łódź Voivodeship
Brudzewice [brud͡zɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Poświętne, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Opoczno, and 72 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Poświętne, Opoczno County
Poświętne [pɔɕˈfjɛntnɛ] is a village in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Poświętne. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) north of Opoczno and 69 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Stocznia Gdynia
Stocznia Gdynia was a shipyard located in the Port of Gdynia, Poland. It was founded in 1922. It has been in liquidation since 2009 and does not conduct production activities.

In 1970, workers of Gdynia Shipyard rose up against the ruling Polish Communist Party. About 20 people died fighting with army and police in the streets of Gdynia during the Polish 1970 protests. That had a great influence on creating the Solidarity movement in 1980. In 1998 it bought the Gdańsk Shipyard. The current name is Stocznia Gdynia S.A.

Gdańsk Shipyard
The Gdańsk Shipyard (Polish: Stocznia Gdańska, formerly Lenin Shipyard) is a large Polish shipyard, located in the city of Gdańsk, northern Poland. The yard gained international fame when Polish trade union Solidarity (Solidarność) was founded there in September 1980. It is situated on the western side of Martwa Wisła and on Ostrów Island.