hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Raciąż
Gmina Raciąż is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Raciąż, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 248.79 square kilometres (96.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,534 (8,707 in 2013).

Płońsk County
Płońsk County (Polish: powiat płoński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Płońsk, which lies 63 km (39 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 1,380 km2 (530 sq mi), and consists of two urban and ten rural gminas. It is bordered by eight other counties of the Masovian voivodeship. As of 2019, the county had a population of 87,183 inhabitants, of which about 26,514 reside in the two urban areas of Płońsk and Raciąż.
Tory Reform Group
The Tory Reform Group (TRG) is a pressure group associated with the British Conservative Party that works to promote "modern, progressive Conservatism [...] economic efficiency and social justice" and "a Conservatism that supports equality, diversity and civil liberties", values sometimes associated with Harold Macmillan's "Middle Way" or what the group consider a moderate one-nation conservatism. Senior figures include Michael Heseltine, Douglas Hurd, Kenneth Clarke, and Chris Patten.

The TRG supported David Cameron, who described TRG as "central to where we need to be in the future". The group has an events programme and publications, principally its journal. Members include parliamentarians, councillors, association officers and private individuals.

Pro-Euro Conservative Party
The Pro-Euro Conservative Party was a minor, Pro-European British political party, announced by John Stevens and Brendan Donnelly in February 1999, formed to contest the 1999 European Parliament election. The founders were Members of the European Parliament who had resigned from the UK Conservative Party in protest at its anti-euro stance. Their reported aim was to replace Eurosceptic William Hague as Conservative leader with Europhile Kenneth Clarke. Stevens later said that they had intended to push Ken Clarke, Michael Heseltine, Chris Patten and other pro-Europeans in the Conservative Party into "an SDP-style breakaway, in combination with the Liberal Democrats". The Pro-Euro Conservative Party disbanded in 2001.
Elkhart, Kansas
Elkhart is a city in and the county seat of Morton County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,888.  The southern edge of the city is the Kansas–Oklahoma state border, and the city is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) from the Kansas–Colorado border.

Darrin Simmons
Darrin Simmons (born April 9, 1973) is an American football coach who is the assistant head coach and special teams coordinator for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He has coached for the Bengals since 2003. He previously had coaching stints in the NFL with the Baltimore Ravens and Carolina Panthers. He was a punter in college at the University of Kansas.
Saskatchewan Heat
The Saskatchewan Heat is a ringette team in the National Ringette League's (NRL) Western Conference. The team is based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and is organized by Ringette Saskatchewan. The team was previously called the Saskatoon Wild.

National Ringette League
The National Ringette League (NRL) (French: Ligue Nationale de Ringuette, LNR) is the premier league for the sport of ringette in North America and Canada's national league for elite ringette players aged 18 and up. The NRL is not a women's variant of a more well-known men's league or sport like professional women's ice hockey or bandy; one of ringette's distinctive features is that all of its players are girls and women. As such, the NRL is the continent's first and only winter team sports league whose entire athlete roster is made up of women and non-binary athletes.

The NRL is semi-professional and operates as a showcase league for ringette in North America. The league functions as a committee under Ringette Canada, a non-profit sports organization and Canada's national governing body for ringette. Its Finnish equivalent is the SM Ringette league in Finland.
Port Macquarie-Hastings Council
Port Macquarie-Hastings Council is a local government area in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

The area is located adjacent to the Hastings River, the Pacific Highway, the Oxley Highway and the North Coast railway line. Major population centres in the local government area are Port Macquarie, Camden Haven, Wauchope, Lake Cathie and Kendall.

The mayor of the Port Macquarie-Hastings Council since 30 September 2024 is Cr. Adam Roberts, an independent politician.

Lake Cathie, New South Wales
Lake Cathie /ˈkætaɪ/ is a town in New South Wales, Australia about 15 minutes drive south of Port Macquarie. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 4,296.

The Birpai (also known as Birrbay) people have lived in this area for more than 40,000 years.
Ruin Jonny's Bar Mitzvah
Ruin Jonny's Bar Mitzvah is a live album by Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, released on October 19, 2004, on Fat Wreck Chords.

It was recorded live at an actual bar mitzvah party, and its runtime lasts their entire performance, including a break in which little can be heard other than the sounds of party guests wandering around and chatting amongst themselves. Jonny Wixen, the Bar Mitzvah boy, plays drums on one of the hidden tracks that are on the final track. The CD comes with footage of the bar mitzvah.

The album is almost entirely made up of songs that have not appeared on previous albums. The only exceptions are two hidden tracks: "Seasons in the Sun" from Have a Ball (1997) and "Sloop John B" from Blow in the Wind (2001).

Have a Ball
Have a Ball is the first studio album by Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, released in 1997 on the Fat Wreck Chords independent record label. The album is made up entirely of "Hits of the '60s and '70s", with the exception of Billy Joel's "Uptown Girl", originally released in 1983.
2010 Kyrgyz parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 October 2010. All 120 seats of the Supreme Council were elected by the party list system. Seats were allocated to all parties who obtained more than 5% of the vote overall and more than 0.5% in each of the nine provinces, capped at 65 seats per party.

Ata-Zhurt won a plurality of seats, while the ruling Social Democratic Party finished second and Ar-Namys came third.

Roza Otunbayeva
Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (born 23 August 1950) is a Kyrgyzstani politician and diplomat who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 April 2010 until 1 December 2011, becoming the first female Central Asian head of state. She was sworn in on 3 July 2010, after acting as interim leader following the 2010 April Revolution, which led to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev. She previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan. She is also known for the persecution of human rights activist Azimzhan Askarov and the failed policy that led to the clashes of June 2010.

Since 2022, Otunbayeva has been serving as United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres's Special Representative for Afghanistan and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA).
Golgi's method
Golgi's method is a silver staining technique that is used to visualize nervous tissue under light microscopy. The method was discovered by Camillo Golgi, an Italian physician and scientist, who published the first picture made with the technique in 1873.  It was initially named the black reaction (la reazione nera) by Golgi, but it became better known as the Golgi stain or later, Golgi method. Golgi discovered this by introducing potassium and sodium into a chicken embryo.

Golgi staining was used by Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to discover a number of novel facts about the organization of the nervous system, inspiring the birth of the neuron doctrine. Ultimately, Ramón y Cajal improved the technique by using a method he termed "double impregnation". "Ramón y Cajal's "staining technique, still in use, is called Cajal's stain.

Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system. The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves. It is composed of neurons, also known as nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses to and from it, and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or glia, which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neurons.

Nervous tissue is made up of different types of neurons, all of which have an axon. An axon is the long stem-like part of the cell that sends action potentials to the next cell. Bundles of axons make up the nerves in the PNS and tracts in the CNS.

Functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.
Zoll surface
In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry, a Zoll surface, named after Otto Zoll, is a surface homeomorphic to the 2-sphere, equipped with a Riemannian metric all of whose geodesics are closed and of equal length.  While the usual unit-sphere metric on S2 obviously has this property, it also has an infinite-dimensional family of geometrically distinct deformations that are still Zoll surfaces.  In particular, most Zoll surfaces do not have constant curvature.

Zoll, a student of David Hilbert, discovered the first non-trivial examples.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Obadja Iihuhua
Uushunga Obadja Iihuhua (born c. 1875, Omapale, Ondonga, Ovamboland, Namibia — died 10 June 1940) was one of the first seven Ovambo pastors, whom the director of the Finnish Missionary Society, Matti Tarkkanen ordained into priesthood in Oniipa, Ovamboland, on 27 September 1925, with a permission granted by the Bishop of Tampere, Jaakko Gummerus. His brother Sakeus Iihuhua was also ordained at the same time.

Iihuhua went to school in Oniipa in 1916–19 and studied at the Oniipa pastoral seminary during 1922–25. He worked in the Oniipa school during 1920–21, and as a pastor in Uukwaluudhi in 1925 and in Uukolonkadhi during 1926–40.

Iihuhua was married in 1925 to Maria gaNepundo (b. 1906) and had two sons and three daughters with her.

Ovamboland
Ovamboland, also referred to as Owamboland, was a Bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Ovambos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia).

The apartheid government stated that the goal was for it to be a self-governing homeland for the Ovambo people. Practically, however, it was intended by the apartheid government as a reservation that forced them into cheap labour by limiting movement; Ovambo men were not allowed outside Ovamboland unless they signed as a contract labourer for 16 months, while women were not allowed out at all.

The term originally referred to the parts of northern Namibia inhabited by the Ovambo ethnic group: namely, the area controlled by the traditional Ovambo kingdoms in pre-colonial and early colonial times, such as Ondonga, Ongandjera, and Oukwanyama. Its endonym is Ovambo ~ Owambo.
USS Greeneville
USS Greeneville (SSN-772) is a Los Angeles-class nuclear-powered attack submarine named after Greeneville, Tennessee. The contract to build the ship was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia, on 14 December 1988, its keel was laid down on 28 February 1992. The submarine was launched on 17 September 1994, sponsored by Tipper Gore, and commissioned on 16 February 1996.

The Greeneville had a deadly collision with the Japanese fishing vessel Ehime Maru off the coast of Oahu in February 2001.

Non-judicial punishment
In the United States Armed Forces, Non-judicial punishment (NJP) is a disciplinary measure that may be applied to individual military personnel, without a need for a court martial or similar proceedings.
Zaum
Zaum (Russian: за́умь, lit. 'transrational') are the linguistic experiments in sound symbolism and language creation of Russian Cubo-Futurist poets such as Velimir Khlebnikov and Aleksei Kruchenykh. Zaum is a non-referential phonetic entity with its own ontology. The language consists of neologisms that mean nothing. Zaum is a language organized through phonetic analogy and rhythm. Zaum literature cannot contain any onomatopoeia or psychopathological states.

Artistic language
An artistic language, or artlang, is a constructed language designed for aesthetic and phonetic pleasure. Constructed languages can be artistic to the extent that artists use it as a source of creativity in art, poetry, calligraphy or as a metaphor to address themes such as cultural diversity and the vulnerability of the individual in a globalizing world. They can also be used to test linguistical theories, such as Linguistic relativity.

Unlike engineered languages or auxiliary languages, artistic languages often have irregular grammar systems, much like natural languages.  Many are designed within the context of fictional worlds, such as J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth.  Others can represent fictional languages in a world not patently different from the real world, or have no particular fictional background attached.
Acanthastrea
Acanthastrea is a genus of large polyp stony corals in the family Lobophylliidae. The colonies are massive and usually flat. The corallites are either circular or angular in shape. The septa are thick near the wall of the corallite, becoming thin near the columella, and have tall teeth. The polyps are extended only at night.

The genus contains the following species:

Acanthastrea brevis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849

Acanthastrea echinata (Dana, 1846)

Acanthastrea hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1834)

Acanthastrea minuta Moll & Best, 1984

Acanthastrea pachysepta (Chevalier, 1975)

Acanthastrea polygonalis† Martin, 1880

Acanthastrea rotundoflora Chevalier, 1975

Acanthastrea subechinata Veron, 2002

Acanthastrea brevis
Acanthastrea brevis is a Least concern species of stony coral found in reef habitats at depths of 1–20 m (3 ft 3 in – 65 ft 7 in). It is threatened by habitat loss and crown-of-thorns starfish predation. It is particularly susceptible to coral bleaching and ocean acidification.
Sorption cooling
Sorption cooling is a technology that uses heat to produce cooling, by taking advantage of material properties.  One substance will heat or refrigerate depending on whether it is absorbed or released by another substance.  There may be a third substance that is displaced when the first substance is absorbed and re-absorbed when the first substance is released.  The absorption and release are dependent on ambient temperature.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Gippsland Soccer League
Gippsland Soccer (GSL) is a soccer league encompassing much of South Gippsland and West Gippsland and in the south eastern of region Victoria, comprising local government areas such as Baw Baw Shire, South Gippsland Shire and Bass Coast Shire.

It was established in 2016 following the split of the former Gippsland Soccer League, when 12 clubs broke away to revive the Latrobe Valley Soccer League. The clubs that remained, mostly from the South Gippsland Soccer League, continued under the GSL name.

The league is affiliated with Football Victoria, which took over the administrative duties of the GSL in December 2025.

Shire of Baw Baw
The Shire of Baw Baw (/ˈbɔː ˈbɔː/) is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, in the eastern part of the state. It covers an area of 4,028 square kilometres (1,555 sq mi) and in 2021 had a population of 57,626. It includes the towns of Drouin, Longwarry, Neerim South, Trafalgar, Warragul and Yarragon.

The shire is governed and administered by the Baw Baw Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Drouin, and it has a service centre located in Warragul. The shire is named after the major geographical feature in the region, the Baw Baw Plateau; Mount Baw Baw is the second highest peak in the region. An unincorporated area, the Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort, is enclaved within the shire.
HaMerotz LaMillion 1
HaMerotz LaMillion 1 is the first season of HaMerotz LaMillion (Hebrew: המירוץ למיליון, lit. The Race to the Million), an Israeli reality competition show based on the American series The Amazing Race. Hosted by Raz Meirman, it featured ten teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the Eastern Hemisphere to win ₪1,000,000. This season visited three continents and seven countries and traveled over 42,000 kilometres (26,000 mi) during ten legs. Starting in Kfar Truman, racers traveled through Israel, South Africa, Vietnam, Japan, Macau, Hong Kong, Australia, and New Zealand before finishing in Otago. This season premiered on 5 February 2009 on Channel 2 with the finale airing on 11 June 2009.

Business partners Shay Kahana and Guy Osadon were the winners of this season, while dating couple Maya Kramer and Amichay Gat finished in second place, and stepdaughter and stepfather Tom Kilman and Gil Kislev finished in third place.

Hobbiton Movie Set
The Hobbiton Movie Set is a significant location used for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and The Hobbit film trilogy, serving as a stand-in for the town of Hobbiton in the Shire in both trilogies. It is situated on a family-run farm about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of Hinuera and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Matamata, in Waikato, New Zealand, and is now a Tolkien tourism destination, offering a guided tour of the set.
Meenakshi Shinde
Meenakshi Shinde is Shiv Sena Politician from Thane district, Maharashtra. She is the former Mayor of Thane Municipal Corporation. She has been elected to Thane Municipal Corporation for three consecutive terms from 2007 to 2017.

Thane Municipal Corporation
Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) is the governing body of the city of Thane in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The municipal corporation consisting of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and transport. Members from the nation's and state's leading political parties such as the Nationalist Congress Party, Indian National Congress, Shiv Sena, Bhartiya Janata Party and the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena hold elected offices in the corporation.

The TMC has jurisdiction over the towns of Kalwa, Diva and Mumbra-Kausa, along with the main city of Thane. Thane Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.
683d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
The 683d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 31st Air Division, Aerospace Defense Command, stationed at Sweetwater Air Force Station, Texas. It was inactivated on 30 September 1969.

The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States.

31st Air Division
The 31st Air Division (31st AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization.  Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command, assigned to Tenth Air Force, being stationed at Sioux City Municipal Airport, Iowa.  It was inactivated on 31 December 1969.
1993–94 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 28th World Cup season began in late October 1993 in Sölden, Austria, and concluded in March 1994 at the World Cup finals at Vail in the United States.  The overall champions were Kjetil André Aamodt of Norway (his first) and Vreni Schneider of Switzerland (her second).

A break in the schedule in February was for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.  This was a shift by the International Olympic Committee to have the Winter Olympics offset from the Summer Olympics, although keeping each on four-year schedules.  As a result, this Winter Olympics took place just two years after the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Loch na h-Oidhche
Loch na h-Oidhche (Loch of the Night) is a remote freshwater loch lying between Loch Torridon and Loch Maree in the Flowerdale Forest, Wester Ross, Scotland. It is approximately 4.5 mi (7.2 km) north of the small village of Torridon and 8 mi (13 km) southeast of Gairloch.

The loch is oblong in shape and trends north by northwest to south by southeast.  It drains by a bifurcated stream and several small lochs into Loch Maree and Loch Gairloch. The surrounding area is mountainous with Beinn an Eoin to the east and Baosbheinn to the west.  The loch was surveyed on 7 August 1902 by T.N. Johnston and John Hewitt and later charted as part of the Sir John Murray and Laurence Pullar's Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.

Wild brown trout are known to inhabit the loch.

Gair Loch
The Gair Loch is a sea loch on the North West coast of Highland, Scotland. In Scottish Gaelic it is an Geàrr Loch meaning 'the short loch'. Around 6 miles (9.7 km) long by 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, it leads west to the Little Minch.  The B8021 and B8056 run around its northern and southern shores respectively, connecting the villages of Gairloch, Charlestown, Kerrysdale, Shieldaig, Badachro, and Port Henderson.  Longa Island lies at the loch's entrance.

The Loch has a number of small islands in it, Eilean Horrisdale supported a fishing community in the 19th century.