hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Comus (1878)
HMS Comus was a corvette (reclassified in 1888 as a third-class cruiser) of the Royal Navy.  She was the name ship of her class.  Launched in April 1878, the vessel was built by Messrs. J. Elder & Co of Glasgow at a cost of £123,000.

Comus and her classmates were built during a period of naval transition.  Sail was giving way to steam, wooden hulls to metal, and smooth-bore muzzle-loading guns to naval rifles.  Comus shows this transition; she was driven by both sails and a reciprocating steam engine; her hull was iron and steel but sheathed with wood and copper; and some of her muzzleloading guns were replaced by rifled breechloaders.

Comus was active for about two decades, but in that time went to the ends of empire, from the British Isles to the Caribbean and Nova Scotia to southwest Africa in the western hemisphere, and in the eastern, from the southern Indian Ocean to the northwest Pacific, and from the China station to the Strait of Magellan.

Comus-class corvette
The Comus class was a class of Royal Navy steam corvettes, re-classified as third-class cruisers in 1888.  All were built between 1878 and 1881.  The class exemplifies the transitional nature of the late Victorian navy.  In design, materials, armament, and propulsion the class members resemble their wooden sailing antecedents, but blended with characteristics of the all-metal mastless steam cruisers which followed.

Despite their qualities they had relatively short commissions, as they soon were rendered superfluous by the "flood of warships" built under the Naval Defence Act of 1889.  By the turn of the century all were in reserve, relegated to subsidiary duties, or being scrapped.
Languages of Nicaragua
The official language of Nicaragua is Spanish; however, Nicaraguans on the Caribbean coast speak indigenous languages and also English. The communities located on the Caribbean coast also have access to education in their native languages. Additionally, Nicaragua has four extinct indigenous languages.

Corn Islands
Corn Islands (Spanish: Islas del Maíz) is a municipality of the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region of Nicaragua. It is located approximately 70 km (43 mi) east of the Caribbean mainland. The municipality consists of two islands: Big Corn Island (Isla Grande del Maíz) and Little Corn Island (Isla Pequeña del Maíz). The islands are known for their Afro-Caribbean cultural heritage, coral reef ecosystems and tourism-based economy.
2014 New York Film Festival
The 52nd New York Film Festival was held September 26 – October 12, 2014.

The lineup consisted of seven sections:

Main Slate (31 films and two shorts programs)

Spotlight on Documentary (15 films)

Projections (13 programs)

Special Events (6 films)

Revivals (9 films)

Joseph L. Mankiewicz Retrospective (21 films)

Convergence (transmedia presentations and talks)

The Festival also included various interviews and panels. Following the departure of programmer Mark McElhatten, the experimental section was renamed from "Views from the Avant-Garde" to "Projections". The primary selection committee included Kent Jones (chair), Dennis Lim, Marian Masone, Gavin Smith, and Amy Taubin. Projections was programmed by Dennis Lim, Aily Nash, and Gavin Smith. Convergence was curated by Matt Bolish.

New York Film Festival
The New York Film Festival (NYFF) is a film festival held every fall in New York City, presented by Film at Lincoln Center. Founded in 1963 by Richard Roud and Amos Vogel with the support of Lincoln Center president William Schuman, NYFF is one of the longest-running and most prestigious film festivals in the United States. It is a non-competitive festival centered on a "Main Slate" of typically 20–30 feature films, with additional sections for experimental cinema and new restorations.

Dennis Lim is the Artistic Director for NYFF. Kent Jones was the festival director from 2013 to 2019.
Periprava labor camp
The Periprava labor camp was a labor camp operated by the Romanian communist regime, part of the Brăila Swamp labor camps. The camp, located near the village of Periprava in the Danube Delta, held up to 2,000 prisoners. According to a study done by the International Centre for Studies into Communism, 8.23% of political prisoners in Communist Romania did time at Periprava.  In the literature on communist prisons and camps in Romania, the Periprava labor camp is described as one of the harshest places of imprisonment. In view of the extremely severe detention and work regime, sheer terror, and high mortality, the camp is known among former detainees as a true "death camp".

Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance
The Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance (Romanian: Memorialul Victimelor Comunismului și al Rezistenței) in Romania consists of the Sighet Museum (often confused with the Memorial), located in the city of Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș County, and the International Centre for Studies into Communism, located in Bucharest.
Balloon flange girder
A balloon flange girder is a form of vertical I-beam wrought iron plate girder, where the top flange, instead of being a simple flat plate, is extended into a hollow tube. When a girder is subjected to a positive bending moment the top flange acts in compression making a flat plate flange more susceptible to local buckling than the balloon flange is.

This type of girder was rarely used, its only common user being Isambard Kingdom Brunel in the 1840s and 1850s.

South Wales Railway
The South Wales Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd De Cymru) was a main line railway which opened in stages from 1850, connecting the Great Western Railway from Gloucester to South Wales. It was constructed on the broad gauge. An original aspiration was to reach Fishguard to engender an Irish ferry transit and transatlantic trade, but the latter did not materialise for many years, and never became an important sector of the business. Neyland was the western terminus of the line until 1906.

The company amalgamated with the Great Western Railway in 1863 and the track was converted to narrow (standard) gauge in 1873. In 1922–1923, most of the independent Welsh railways were constituents of the new enlarged Great Western Railway, enabling rationalisation and benefits of scale. Nearly all of the original main line of the South Wales Railway remains in use at present (2020).
Salut les copains (album series)
Salut les copains is a series of albums released through Universal Music France to commemorate the best of music featured in French scene as sponsored by the "Salut les copains" radio program in France and the French Salut les copains magazine.

The tracks include French original singles, French-language covers of known hits as well as European and American hits popular in France. The track list is a representative wide selection of the "Yé-yé" generation of French music.

Let's Twist Again
"Let's Twist Again" is a song written by Kal Mann and Dave Appell, and released as a single by Chubby Checker. One of the biggest hit singles of 1961, it reached No. 8 on the U.S. Billboard pop chart (No. 3 on Cash Box) in August of that year and subsequently reached No. 2 in the UK in the spring of 1962. The song refers to the Twist dance craze and Checker's 1960 single "The Twist", a two-time U.S. No. 1 single (in September 1960 and again in January 1962 on re-release).

A reissue of the song, officially a double A-side with "The Twist", reached No. 5 in the UK in December 1975.

The song received the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Rock & Roll Recording. Checker also recorded the song in German as "Der Twist Beginnt" and in Italian as "Balliamo il Twist". An imitation of Adolf Hitler singing "Der Twist Beginnt" would later be used by The Residents to begin their 1976 album The Third Reich 'n Roll. The song appears on the soundtrack of the 2011 film The Help.
Kalyna Country
The Kalyna Country ecomuseum is a heritage and eco-tourism district in East Central Alberta, Canada, named after the highbush cranberry plant, pronounced /kɐ'ɫɪ.nɐ/ in the Ukrainian language. The Ukrainian folklore states: "Without Kalyna, there is no Ukraina".

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
The Weakness of Man
The Weakness of Man is a lost 1916 silent film drama directed by Barry O'Neil. It stars Holbrook Blinn and is based on the 1911 play The Living Corpse by Leo Tolstoy. It was produced by William A. Brady and distributed by World Film Company.

Barry O'Neil
Barry O'Neil (1865 – 1918) was a film director and writer. His real name was Thomas J. McCarthy. He directed several Thanhouser films including the production company's first two-reeler, Romeo and Juliet. He went on to work for Lubin and then World Film Corporation.

He was born in New York City.

O'Neil married actress Nellie Walters. In 1913 O'Neil was elected to The Lambs as a non-resident member. He died of apoplexy.

In 1910 and 1911 he filmed adaptations of a couple William Shakespeare plays. In 1915 he filmed a version of McTeague in Death Valley released as Life's Whirlpool. William E. Hamilton was an assistant director to O'Neil.
Starý Smokovec
49°08.5′N 20°13.5′E﻿ / ﻿49.1417°N 20.2250°E﻿ / 49.1417; 20.2250

Starý Smokovec (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈstari: ˈsmɔkɔvet͡s] ⓘ; German: Altschmecks; Hungarian: Ótátrafüred; Polish: Stary Smokowiec) is a part of the town of Vysoké Tatry in northern Slovakia in the Tatras.

Starý Smokovec is a popular resort for skiing and hiking. It also forms the junction of the Tatra Electric Railway train line, connecting Poprad, Tatranská Lomnica and Štrbské Pleso.

Amongst the more important buildings in the district are the sanatorium and the Grand Hotel (established in 1904). It is connected by the Starý Smokovec–Hrebienok funicular to the small ski resort of Hrebienok at 1285 m.

Poprad
Poprad (Slovak: [ˈpɔprat] ⓘ; Hungarian: Poprád; German: Deutschendorf) is a city in northern Slovakia at the foot of the High Tatra Mountains, famous for its picturesque historic centre and as a holiday resort. The largest town of the Spiš region and the largest of all towns in the vicinity of the High Tatra Mountains in both Slovakia and Poland, Poprad is the tenth largest city in Slovakia, with a population of approximately 50,000.

The Poprad-Tatry Airport is an international airport located just outside the city. Poprad is also the starting point of the Tatra Electric Railway (known in Slovak as Tatranská elektrická železnica), a set of special narrow-gauge trains (trams) connecting the resorts in the High Tatras with each other and with Poprad. Mainline trains link Poprad to other destinations in Slovakia and beyond; in particular, there are through trains running from Poprad to Prague in the Czech Republic.
Sunquest sundial
The Sunquest Sundial is a sundial designed by Richard L. Schmoyer in the 1950s.  Adjustable for latitude and longitude, the Sunquest's gnomon automatically corrects for the equation of time allowing it to tell clock time.

The Sunquest sundial utilizes a cast aluminum gnomon, the shape of which is related to the analemma.  When turned to face the sun, the gnomon casts a curved ribbon of sunlight onto the time-scale arc, correcting for mean time. The Sunquest sundial won Sky & Telescope magazine's "Sundial of the Year 2000" competition in 1966.

The Sunquest Sundial has been featured in several other publications, including Sundials: The Art and Science of Gnomonics, Scientific American and Sundials: Their Theory and Construction.

Gnomon
A gnomon (/ˈnoʊˌmɒn, -mən/; from Ancient Greek  γνώμων (gnṓmōn) 'one that knows or examines') is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow. The term is used for a variety of purposes in mathematics and other fields, typically to measure directions, position, or time.
Loenen aan de Vecht
Loenen aan de Vecht (or just Loenen) is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It was the main village in the former municipality of Loenen. Since 2011 it has become part of the newly formed municipality of Stichtse Vecht. It lies about 10 km west of Hilversum.

Vecht (Utrecht)
The Vecht (pronounced [vɛxt] ⓘ) is a Rhine branch in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is sometimes called Utrechtse Vecht to avoid confusion with its Overijssel counterpart. The area along the river is called the Vechtstreek.
Uprisings against Uthman (654–656)
The Uprisings against Uthman (654–656) were the first major civil conflicts in the Rashidun Caliphate, revolving around the policies and legitimacy of its third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan. Disputes escalated into full scale rebellions in Egypt, Iraq and Medina, culminating in the assassination of Caliph Uthman in 656 by Egyptian rebels following the siege of his residence. These events ultimately triggered the outbreak of the First Fitna.

Malik al-Ashtar
Malik al-Ashtar (Arabic: مَالِك ٱلْأَشْتَر), romanized: Mālik al-Ashtar), born Mālik ibn al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿī al-Madhḥijī (Arabic: مَالِك ٱبْن ٱلْحَارِث ٱلنَّخَعِيّ ٱلْمَذْحِجِيّ), was an Arab military commander and tribal leader of the Nakha branch of the Madhhij confederation. A prominent figure during the Rashidun Caliphate, he is best known as the most loyal and formidable general of the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. In Kufa, Malik emerged as a leader of the opposition against Caliph Uthman, playing a key role in the events leading to the Caliph's death. Following the election of Ali, he became the Caliph’s most trusted general and strategist during the First Fitna, holding senior commands at the battles of the Camel and Siffin. In 658, while traveling to assume the governorship of Egypt, Malik was assassinated by poisoning in al-Qulzum. His death was a major strategic blow to Ali’s administration and facilitated the Umayyad conquest of Egypt.
South African Formula Atlantic Championship
The South African Formula Atlantic Championship was a Formula Atlantic motor racing championship held in South Africa between 1976 and 1979, including a race in Rhodesia during the 1976 (Non-Championship race) and 1977 seasons.

The final season ran between 1978 and 1979, starting just 5 months after the end of the 1978 season, was the longest season of the entire series, running from October 1978 to December 1979.

The championship was dominated by Ian Scheckter and March as Scheckter drove a March chassis to each of the four drivers' championships.

Formula Atlantic
Formula Atlantic is a specification of open-wheel racing car developed in the 1970s. It was used in professional racing through the IMSA Atlantic Championship until 2009 and is currently primarily used in amateur racing through Sports Car Club of America Formula Atlantic.
Water jacket furnace (metallurgy)
A water jacket furnace is a type of blast furnace used to smelt non-ferrous metallic ores, most typically ores of copper, lead, or silver-lead. In a modified form it could also recover zinc. It takes its name from the water jacket arrangement used to cool the lower furnace casing and prolong the life of the furnace hearth. It is sometimes referred to as a water-jacketed blast furnace,  copper blast furnace, or lead blast furnace.  The water jacket furnace is now virtually an obsolete technology for copper smelting, being nearly entirely replaced, by flash smelting of copper ore concentrates. It remains in use, in a modified form, for lead smelting.

The terminology is also used for an indirect heating device used in the petroleum oil and gas industry, generally known as a water jacket heater or water bath heater, which should not be confused with the metallurgical water jacket furnace.

Matte (metallurgy)
Matte is a term used in the field of pyrometallurgy given to the molten metal sulfide phases typically formed during smelting of copper, nickel, and other base metals. Typically, a matte is the phase in which the principal metal being extracted is recovered prior to a final reduction process (usually converting) to produce blister copper. The matte may also collect some valuable minor constituents such as noble metals, minor base metals, selenium or tellurium.  Mattes may also be used to collect impurities from a metal phase, such as in the case of antimony smelting. Molten mattes are insoluble in both slag and metal phases.  This insolubility, combined with differences in specific gravities between mattes, slags, and metals, allows for separation of the molten phases.
Heteropsyche poecilochroma
Heteropsyche poecilochroma is a moth in the family Epipyropidae. It is found in Australia.

The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are greyish fuscous strigulated with dark and brownish fuscous. The hindwings are dark fuscous and somewhat brownish tinged.

The larvae feed on planthoppers of the superfamily Fulgoroidea.

Epipyropidae
The Epipyropidae comprise a small family of moths. This family and the closely related Cyclotornidae are unique among the Lepidoptera in that the larvae are ectoparasites, the hosts typically being fulgoroid planthoppers, thus the common name planthopper parasite moths. The family undergoes hypermetamorphosis, metamorphosing from triungular first instar larvae to highly modified second instars.
Immortals (Sasanian Empire)
The Immortals was an elite cavalry unit of the army of the Sasanian Empire with the alleged size of 10,000 men, similar to the Achaemenid "Immortals" described by Herodotus. The name is derived from a term used by Roman historians to refer to the unit. Armenian and Islamic sources also have allusions to elite unit(s) in the Sasanian army.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Ilga Manor
Ilga Manor (Latvian: Ilgas muiža) is a manor in Skrudaliena Parish, Augšdaugava Municipality in the Selonia region of Latvia. Located southeast of Daugavpils near the Belarusian border, it is currently used as a teaching site by the University of Daugavpils. Renovation of the building was completed in 2012 with the help of a grant from the European Regional Development Fund.

Augšdaugava Municipality
Augšdaugava Municipality (Latvian: Augšdaugavas novads, "upper Daugava municipality") is one of the 35 municipalities established in Latvia in 2021. It surrounds the independent state city of Daugavpils, however, the municipal headquarters are located there, outside of the municipality. Its first elected municipal council has taken office on 1 July 2021.
M-1956 load-carrying equipment
The M-1956 load-carrying equipment (LCE), also known as the individual load-carrying equipment (ILCE), was developed by the U.S. Army and first issued in the early 1960s. The M-1956 LCE was designed to replace the M-1945 Combat Pack, the M-1923 cartridge belt, the M-1936 pistol belt and the M-1937 BAR magazine belt. The M-1956 LCE was designed to be quickly configured, using no tools, to accommodate various mission and ammunition loads. The M-1956 LCE remained in service through the 1980s and set the standard for future United States military load-carrying equipment.

Haversack
A haversack, musette bag, or small pack is a bag with a single shoulder strap. Although similar to a backpack, the single shoulder strap differentiates this type from other backpacks. There are exceptions to this general rule.
Iris danfordiae
Iris danfordiae, the dwarf iris or Danford iris, is a bulbous perennial plant in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is from Turkey in Asia. It has 2 gray-green or bluish green, thick leaves, short slender stem holding a scented flower, in shades of yellow. They are spotted olive-green or green and have a deep yellow or orange crest.

Iris subg. Hermodactyloides
The subgenus Hermodactyloides of Iris includes all reticulate-bulbed bulbous irises. It was formerly named as a genus, Iridodictyum by Rodionenko in 1961. but it was not widely accepted and most botanists preferred 'Hermodactyloides'.

Édouard Spach named the genus in 1846.  The word 'Hermodactyloides' comes from 'Hermes' , a Greek God, and 'daktylos' - finger. The name for the subgenus is very similar to Hermodactylus (the former name for Iris tuberosa), which was originally a separate genus to irises, but in 2001 was re-classified to be within the Hermodactyloides sub-genus.

Most species are native to central Europe and central Asia. They mostly have one or two long leaves and flower in early spring.
2018 Khakassia Supreme Council election
Elections to the Supreme Council of Khakassia took place on Common Electoral Day 9 September 2018. The Supreme Council is elected for a term of five years, with parallel voting. 25 seats are elected by proportional representation from party lists with a 5% electoral threshold, the whole Republic forming a single constituency, and another 25 seats are elected in single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post system.

Going into the elections, United Russia is the ruling party after winning the 2013 elections with 34 seats. As a result of the elections, none of the parties received an absolute majority (26 seats). The Communist Party won the majority of votes in the all-republican constituency, United Russia won the majority of single-member constituencies and received a relative majority of seats.

Elections to the Supreme Council were held on the same day as the first round of elections of the Head of Republic.

Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia
The Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia (Russian: Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия; Khakas: Хакас Республиказының Ööркi Чöбi, romanized: Xakas Respublikazınıñ Öörkĕ Çöbĕ) is the regional parliament of Khakassia, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 50 deputies are elected for five-year terms.

The chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia is the council's presiding officer.
Cancer Treatment Centers of America Championship at Surprise
The Cancer Treatment Centers of America Championship at Surprise is a professional tennis tournament which is part of the Outback Champions Series. Its inaugural event took place on November 5–9, 2008, in Surprise, Arizona, a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona.

Champions Series (senior men's tennis tour)
Since 2006, the Champions Series is a series of tennis tournaments designed for former champion members of the ATP Tour. The Champions Series consists of tournaments played in select markets where top players of the sport compete in one-night, four-player events with two one-set semifinal matches and a one-set championship match played in one evening. Eligible players competing on the Champions Series have either held a Top 5 singles ranking; been a Grand-Slam singles finalist, or a singles player on a championship Davis Cup team during their ATP tour playing careers. The Champions Series allows one wild card of their choice at each event. The series is produced by Inside Out Sports & Entertainment. The minimum age to participate in a tournament is 30.