hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1903 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1903 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. James R. Henry coached Vanderbilt for one season in 1903. His squad finished the season with a 6–1–1 record. The season was marred only by the upset loss to Cumberland. John J. Tigert and Bob Blake were both Rhodes Scholars.

John J. Tigert
John James Tigert IV (February 11, 1882 – January 21, 1965) was an American university president, university professor and administrator, college sports coach and the U.S. Commissioner of Education.  Tigert was a native of Tennessee and the son and grandson of Methodist bishops. After receiving his bachelor's degree, he earned his master's degree as a Rhodes Scholar.

After completing his education, Tigert taught at Central College; served as the president of Kentucky Wesleyan College; and worked as a professor, sports coach and administrator at the University of Kentucky.

Tigert gained his greatest national prominence as the U.S. Commissioner of Education from 1921 to 1928, and the third president of the University of Florida, from 1928 to 1947. He is remembered as a forceful advocate for American public education, intercollegiate sports and university curriculum reform.
ProActive
ProActive Parallel Suite is an open-source software for enterprise workload orchestration, part of the OW2 community. A workflow model allows a set of executables or scripts, written in any language, to be defined along with their dependencies, so ProActive Parallel Suite can schedule and orchestrate executions while optimising the use of computational resources.

ProActive Parallel Suite is based on the "active object" design pattern (see Active objects) to optimise task distribution and fault-tolerance.

Object copying
In object-oriented programming, object copying is creating a copy of an existing object, a unit of data in object-oriented programming. The resulting object is called an object copy or simply copy of the original object. Copying is basic but has subtleties and can have significant overhead. There are several ways to copy an object, most commonly by a copy constructor or cloning. Copying is done mostly so the copy can be modified or moved, or the current value preserved. If either of these is unneeded, a reference to the original data is sufficient and more efficient, as no copying occurs.

Objects in general store composite data. While in simple cases copying can be done by allocating a new, uninitialized object and copying all fields (attributes) from the original object, in more complex cases this does not result in desired behavior.
19th federal electoral district of Veracruz
The 19th federal electoral district of Veracruz (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 19 de Veracruz) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 19 such districts in the state of Veracruz.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The 19th district was re-established in 1978 and was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Paola Tenorio Adame of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Robinsons Galleria South
Robinsons Galleria South (also known and branded as Galleria South), is a mall development located in Nueva, San Pedro, Laguna, Philippines. The mall is the first upscale shopping center in San Pedro City. The mall is owned and operated by Robinsons Malls. It is the 3rd Robinsons Mall to bear the Galleria branding after Robinsons Galleria and Robinsons Galleria Cebu. The mall opened on July 19, 2019.

Robinsons Malls
Robinsons Malls is one of the largest shopping malls and retail operators in the Philippines. It was incorporated on September 9, 1997, by entrepreneur John Gokongwei Jr. to develop, conduct, operate and maintain the Robinsons commercial shopping centers and all related businesses, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compounds of shopping centers.

Robinsons Malls also has its branches in China under the Robinsons Galleria name.

In March 2023, John Gokongwei Jr.'s son Lance took over the leadership of Robinsons Malls.
Oba (ruler)
Oba (Yoruba: ọba, lit. 'King') is a pre-nominal honorific for kings in Yorubaland, and by extension the Kingdom of Benin.

According to Yoruba mythology, the first oba was Oduduwa, the legendary progenitor of the Yoruba people. Many royal lineages claim descent from him, including that of the Ooni of Ife, Alaafin of Oyo, Awujale of Ijebuland, Oba of Benin, Olu of Warri and many others. Obas served as the spiritual, cultural, and sometimes political leaders of a town, city, or kingdom. In the present day Obas are highly respected figures who trace their lineage back to the earliest Yoruba kingdoms, particularly Ile-Ife, which is considered the spiritual and historical origin of the Yoruba. Although the Benin Kingdom is Edo and not located within Yorubaland, its Oba ruling dynasty traces its origin to Ile-Ife.

The title is distinct from that of Oloye in Yorubaland, which is itself used in like fashion by subordinate titleholders in the contemporary Yoruba chieftaincy system.

Kingdom of Benin
The Kingdom of Benin or Empire of Benin, also known as Great Benin, is a traditional kingdom in southern Nigeria. It has no historical relation to the modern republic of Benin, which was known as Dahomey from the 17th century until 1975. The Kingdom of Benin's capital was Edo, now known as Benin City in Edo State, Nigeria. The Benin Kingdom was one of the oldest and most developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa. It grew out of the previous Edo Kingdom of Igodomigodo around the 11th century AD; it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897, but endured as a non-sovereign monarchy.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the empire reached the height of its prosperity, expanding its territory, trading with European powers, and creating a remarkable artistic legacy in cast bronze, iron, brass, carved ivory, and other materials.
Suyu-dong
Suyu-dong (Korean: 수유동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Gangbuk District, Seoul, South Korea. From June 30, 2008, six administrative Suyu-dongs were divided to Insu-dong (Suyu 5 and 6 dong), Ui-dong (Suyu 4-dong), and Suyu-dong (Suyu 1, 2, and 3 dong).

Ui-dong
Ui-dong (Korean: 우이동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Gangbuk District, Seoul, South Korea. On June 30, 2008, former Suyu-4 dong is changed to the administrative dong. Thus Ui-dong can be called either legal dong or administrative dong.
Musidora
Jeanne Roques (23 February 1889 – 11 December 1957), known professionally as Musidora, was a French actress, film director, and writer. She is best known for her acting in silent films, and rose to public attention for roles in the Louis Feuillade serials Les Vampires as Irma Vep and in Judex as Marie Verdier.

Cinémathèque française
The Cinémathèque française (French pronunciation: [sinematɛk fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; French cinematheque), founded in 1936, is a French non-profit film organization that holds one of the largest archives of film documents and film-related objects in the world. Based in Paris' 12th arrondissement, the archive offers daily screenings of films from around the world. It is the second oldest cinematheque in France, after Cinematheque de Saint-Etienne, which was founded in 1922.
Oława
Oława (Polish pronunciation: [ɔˈwava] ⓘ; Silesian: Ôlawa; German: Ohlau, [ˈoːlaʊ] ⓘ) is a historic town in south-western Poland with 33,029 inhabitants (2019). It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, within the Wrocław metropolitan area. It is the seat of Oława County and of the smaller administrative district of Gmina Oława (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town is an urban gmina in its own right).

Duchy of Legnica
The Duchy of Legnica (Polish: Księstwo Legnickie, Czech: Lehnické knížectví) or Duchy of Liegnitz (German: Herzogtum Liegnitz) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed during the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, ruled by a local line of the Piast dynasty between 1248 and 1675. Its capital was Legnica in Lower Silesia.

Legnica Castle had become a residence of the Silesian dukes in 1163 and from 1248 was the seat of a principality in its own right, ruled by the Silesian branch of the Piast dynasty until the extinction of the line in 1675. Formed by Bolesław II the Bald, Duke of Lower Silesia at Wrocław, Legnica shared the fate of most of the others Silesian duchies, falling into Bohemian, Austrian and eventually—after the First Silesian War—Prussian spheres of influence.
Tibicininae
Tibicininae is a subfamily of cicadas in the family Cicadidae. There are at least 140 described species in Tibicininae. They are found in the Neotropics, the Nearctic, and the Palearctic.

Tibicininae underwent a major revision in 2005, and it was proposed to rename the subfamily Tettigadinae in order to avoid confusion due to the restructuring of the subfamily. This proposal was not universally accepted, and no official appeal was made for the name change. Even so, Tettigadinae is sometimes used as a name for this subfamily.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
2017 FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup
The 2017 FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup was an international men's basketball tournament contested by national teams of the newly formed Melanesian sub-zone of FIBA Oceania. The inaugural edition of the men's competition was played together alongside the women's tournament at the Taurama Aquatic and Indoor Centre in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, from 27 to 30 September 2017. It was officially launched on 19 May 2017.

The tournament also served as qualifiers for the men's basketball event of the 2019 Pacific Games in Samoa with three berths for Melanesia allocated for the top three teams of this tournament.

The hosts Papua New Guinea dominated the entire tournament winning all of their games, including the championship game against New Caledonia to win the maiden championship. Both finalists and the third-placer Fiji qualified for and represented the Melanesia Region at the basketball tournament of the 2019 Pacific Games.

FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup
The FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup (FMC) is one of three new regional tournaments organized by FIBA Oceania. The tournament was introduced in September 2017 for countries belonging to Melanesia sub-zone.
2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis
The 2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis, also known as the Yendi conflict, was a clash between two feuding factions that occurred at the Gbewaa Palace, Ghana from March 25–27, 2002. It resulted in the killing of Yaa Naa Yakubu II and 40 of his elders.

Gbewaa Palace
Gbewaa Palace is the seat of the Yaa Naa of the Kingdom of Dagbon. Located at Nayilifong along the Yendi-Saboba road in Yendi, Gbewaa Palace was named after the patriarch of the Mole-Dagbani people of Ghana. In 1896, The Gbewaa palace was burnt down and plundered during the German invasion of Dagbon. On March 4, 2023, Gariba II cut sod for the redevelopment of the palace.
Jääsjärvi
Jääsjärvi (Finnish: [ˈjæːsˌjærʋi]; lit. 'ice lake') is a medium-sized lake of Finland. It is located in the Hartola and Joutsa municipalities, in the Central Finland and Päijät-Häme regions. The water quality in the lake is excellent. The river Tainionvirta has its source in Jääsjärvi and flows through several smaller lakes to Päijänne. The water in Jääsjärvi is bright. The lake is part of the Sysmä catchment area and Kymijoki main catchment area.

There are dozens of islands in the lake. The biggest are Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, Kotisalo, Ohrasaari, Urrionsaari, and Nautsalo. Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, and Ohrasaari have roads connecting them to the mainland.

In winter time, the lake typically freezes.

Päijänne
Päijänne (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpæi̯jænːe]) is the second largest lake in Finland (1,080 km2 (266,874 acres)). The lake drains into the Gulf of Finland via the Kymi River. The major islands are from north to south Vuoritsalo, Muuratsalo, Onkisalo, Judinsalo, Edessalo, Taivassalo, Haukkasalo, Vehkasalo, Mustassalo, Virmailansaari and Salonsaari. The largest island is Virmailansaari. The word saari means an island. Salo once meant a great island, nowadays it means a great forest area.

The largest city on the shores of Päijänne is Jyväskylä in the North. The city of Lahti is connected to Päijänne through Lake Vesijärvi and Vääksy canal.

An underground aqueduct, Päijänne Water Tunnel, connects the lake to Vantaa, providing the Greater Helsinki area with water. The deepest point in any lake in Finland is in Päijänne (95.3 m or 313 ft).

The name of Lake Päijänne comes possibly from a Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate language.
Wulian County
Wulian County (simplified Chinese: 五莲县; traditional Chinese: 五蓮縣; pinyin: Wǔlián Xiàn) is a county of the prefecture-level city of Rizhao, Shandong. The county is known for and named after its eponymous Wulian Mountain. It borders Zhucheng to the north, Donggang District to the south, Ju County to the west and Xihai'an to the east.

Wulian is the birthplace of noted poet Wang Fugang.

Donggang, Rizhao
Donggang District (simplified Chinese: 东港区; traditional Chinese: 東港區; pinyin: Dōnggǎng Qū; lit. 'east harbor') is the main urban district of the city of Rizhao, Shandong province, China. It has an area of 1,636.4 km2 (631.8 sq mi) and around 865,000  inhabitants (according to the 2010 census). All the main government agencies of the city, as well as the Port of Rizhao, are located in this district.
Shah Nikdar
Shah Nikdar (Punjabi, Urdu:شاہ نکڈر)  is a small town in Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan on Sargodha's border with Jhang District. It is a part of Sillanwali Tehsil and 26 km from the Sillanwali.

Estimated population range of Shah Nikdar is from 50,000 to 60,000 peoples. Most of population or their ancestors are migrated from India at the time of independence of Pakistan.

Sillanwali Tehsil
Sillanwali Tehsil  (Urdu: تحصِيل سِلانٚوالى), is a subdivision (tehsil) of Sargodha District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The tehsil's headquarters is situated in the town of Sillanwali.
It is administratively subdivided into 16 union councils.
Population is 255,000 (1998) being mainly Muslim and Punjabi speaking.
Rio Karma
The Rio Karma is a digital audio player originally made by the now-defunct Rio. It was released in August 2003. It measures 2.7 × 3 × 0.9 inches (6.9 × 7.6 × 2.3 cm) and weighs 5.5 ounces (160 grams). It has a 20 gigabyte (18.6 gibibyte) hard drive. The Karma is notable for its support of Ogg Vorbis and FLAC playback in addition to the usual MP3 and WMA formats, however it will not play MP2 format. It also bears the distinction of supporting file transfers via Ethernet through its docking station, as well as the standard USB 2.0. It is not supported as a plug and play removable drive, although the program Rio Taxi does allow any data to be stored. Like many Rio players, the Karma's firmware features a 5-band parametric equalizer, cross-fader, true gapless playback, animated menus, dynamic playlist generation and visualizations.

Rio Audio
Rio was a line of digital audio players and related audio products. Its first release, the Rio PMP300 digital music player (also known colloquially as simply the "Diamond Rio"), released by Diamond Multimedia in 1998, was one of the earliest notable and commercially successful devices in its category. It also became known as the target of an early lawsuit regarding the legality of such devices. Following the PMP300, various music players were released under the Rio brand name by a number of companies until the brand was retired in 2005.
Myra Clark Gaines
Myra Clark Gaines (June 5, 1805 – January 9, 1885) was an American socialite and plaintiff in the longest-running lawsuit in the history of the United States court system. From 1834 to 1891, Gaines was at the center of a legal battle to recognize her legal status as the sole heir of her deceased father's estate and remedy to recover valuable land in New Orleans. During its 57-year history in the courtroom, the Gaines cases appeared before the Supreme Court seventeen times and the Louisiana state and federal court at least seventy times. The Gaines cases are notable not only because of their length and complexity but also due to the controversial image and perseverance of Myra Clark Gaines herself, particularly at a time when women were confined to a domestic, dutiful ideal of femininity.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Series
The Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Series was one of the award categories presented annually by the Critics' Choice Television Awards (BTJA). It was introduced in 2011 when the event was first initiated and last presented in 2015. The winners were selected by a group of television critics that are part of the Broadcast Television Critics Association.

Critics' Choice Television Awards
The Critics' Choice Television Awards were accolades that were presented annually by the Critics Choice Association (CCA). They were established in 2011, and the first ceremony was held on June 20, 2011, and streamed live on VH1.com. The fourth ceremony was televised live on June 19, 2014, on The CW. In October 2014, the A&E Network was granted exclusive rights to broadcast the television and film awards in 2015 and 2016.  The final ceremony was in 2015, after which it was combined with the film awards and once again became the Critics' Choice Awards.
Samir Zard
Samir Zard (born 1955) is a Lebanese-French chemist and the president of the department of chemistry at the École polytechnique, Paris, where he also directs the department of organic chemistry and synthesis.

Lebanese people in France
Lebanese people in France include migrants from Lebanon to France, as well as their descendants. Many people left Lebanon because of the Lebanese civil war and wars with Israel as well as various crises in Lebanon.
Mahoning Coal Railroad
The Mahoning Coal Railroad (MCR) was a railroad line in the U.S. states of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Incorporated in 1871, it largely linked Youngstown, Ohio, with Andover, Ohio. It had a major branch into Sharon, Pennsylvania, and several small branches and spurs to coal mines and iron works along the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The railroad leased itself to the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway in 1873. The lease was assumed by the New York Central Railroad in 1914, when that company consolidated with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. The New York Central merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 to create the Penn Central. Despite abandonment of much track, bankruptcy of the Penn Central in 1970 eventually caused the MCR's dissolution on January 7, 1982.

Listing (finance)
In corporate finance, a listing refers to the company's shares being on the list (or board) of stock that are publicly listed. Some stock exchanges allow shares of a foreign company to be listed and may allow dual listing, subject to conditions.

Normally the issuing company is the one that applies for a listing but in some countries an exchange can list a company, for instance because its stock is already being traded via informal channels.

Stocks whose market value and/or turnover fall below certain levels may be delisted by the exchange. Delisting often arises from a merger or takeover, or the company going private.
Afanasy Nikitin
Afanasy Nikitin (Russian: Афанасий Никитин; died 1475) was a Russian merchant from Tver and one of the first Europeans (after Niccolò de' Conti) to travel to and document his visit to India. He described his trip in a narrative known as A Journey Beyond the Three Seas (Khozheniye za tri morya).

Principality of Tver
The Principality of Tver (Russian: Тверское княжество, romanized: Tverskoye knyazhestvo) was a Russian principality which existed between the 13th and the 15th centuries with its capital in Tver. The principality was located approximately in the area currently occupied by Tver Oblast and the eastern part of Smolensk Oblast.

It was one of the states established after the fall of Kievan Rus'. Originally part of the Pereyaslavl-Zalessky principality, Tver became an independent principality when Yaroslav Yaroslavich was given the western slice of his father's patrimony. During the 14th century, Tver rivaled the Principality of Moscow with the aim to become the center of the unified Russian state. Eventually it lost, decayed, and in 1485, it was annexed by Moscow.
Ottmar Beckmann Cars
OBC (sometimes called BCS for Beckmann Cars Sweden AB) or Ottmar Beckmann Cars AB was a car manufacturer in Mantorp, Sweden. In 1974 they presented a two seated mid-engined sports car called OBC Mantorp (named after the Mantorp Park race track). The design was somewhat similar to the Lotus Elan, but with a more rounded front. It was powered by a BMW engine mated to a Porsche gearbox. Both the chassis and bodywork was in fibreglass. The company planned a production rate of five a day with 100 employees, but it never entered production. Beckmann had tried to make sports cars in the Netherlands previously.

Mantorp Park
Mantorp Park is a 3.106 km (1.930 mi) motor racing circuit near the town of Mantorp in Mjölby Municipality, Sweden. The circuit was built in 1969 with finance from BP Sweden as a permanent road course and a drag strip. Mantorp Park is capable of four different layouts, but today only the short and long tracks are used.

The European Formula Two Championship visited from 1971 until 1973, and again in 1981 and 1982. Today it mainly hosts club events, dragracing, a driving school and rounds of the Swedish Formula Three Championship and the Swedish Touring Car Championship.

Mantorp Park was the first European drag racing circuit to adopt the new 301.8 m (1000 ft) drag strip format adopted by the NHRA in July 2008.