hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IRPWA
The Irish Republican Prisoners Welfare Association (IRPWA) is an Irish republican organisation which supports republican prisoners. It has ties with the political party Saoradh and the 32 County Sovereignty Movement.

In May 2016 an unknown member of the IRPWA  interrupted a ceremony to commemorate British soldiers who were killed during the Easter Rising. In response the Canadian ambassador to Ireland Kevin Vickers grabbed him and dragged him away. The event gained international attention.

In October 2016 the DUP criticised the organisation, saying it was promoting violence, in response to a mural at an IRPWA office saying "unfinished revolution" with two republican paramilitaries.

32 County Sovereignty Movement
The 32 County Sovereignty Movement, often abbreviated to 32CSM or 32csm, is an Irish republican group that was founded by Bernadette Sands McKevitt. It does not contest elections but acts as a pressure group, with branches or cumainn organised throughout the traditional counties of Ireland.

The 32CSM had been described as the "political wing" of the now defunct Real IRA, but this was denied by both organisations. The group originated in a split from Sinn Féin over the Mitchell Principles. The group was designated by the United States as a Foreign Terrorist Organization.
Jaslyn Hooi
Jaslyn Hooi Yue Yann (Chinese: 许妤欣; pinyin: Xǔ Yúxīn; born 5 October 2000) is a Singaporean badminton player. At the age of 17, she represented Singapore at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and reached the semi-final in girls’ badminton singles tournament but eventually finished fourth. She won bronze medals for Singapore as part of the team at the 2019, 2021, and 2025 SEA Games.

Sydney International (badminton)
The Sydney International in badminton, is an international open held in Sydney, Australia. The event is part of the Badminton World Federation's International Series and part of the Badminton Oceania circuit.
Revolutionary Action Movement
Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) was a Marxist–Leninist, black nationalist organisation that was active from 1962 to 1968. It was the first group to apply the philosophy of Maoism to conditions of black people in the United States and informed the revolutionary politics of the Black Power movement. RAM was the only secular political organization that Malcolm X joined prior to 1964. The group's political formation deeply influenced the politics of Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and many other future influential Black Panther Party founders and members.

Huey P. Newton
Huey Percy Newton (February 17, 1942 – August 22, 1989) was an American revolutionary and political activist who co-founded the Black Panther Party in 1966. He ran the party as its first leader and crafted its ten-point manifesto with Bobby Seale. Under his leadership, the party organized numerous social programs and community events, advocated for collective defense, and threatened political violence in service of their goals.

Newton stated that Plato's Republic influenced his philosophy of activism. He went on to earn a PhD in social philosophy from the University of California at Santa Cruz's History of Consciousness program in 1980.

He was tried for, but ultimately not convicted of, the criminal homicides of a police officer and a sex worker. He was convicted of, and incarcerated on separate occasions for, weapons and embezzlement offenses.  He was accused of rape, and complicity in other targeted violence.  He was murdered in 1989.
Colm Coyle
Colm Coyle (born 26 February 1963), is a former Gaelic football player and manager from County Meath, Ireland. He was manager of the senior Meath county team from September 2006 to July 2008, having previously played for the county team.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
Gmina Strzyżewice
Gmina Strzyżewice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Strzyżewice, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) south-west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 108.84 square kilometres (42.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 8,078 (7,936 in 2013).

Lublin County
Lublin County (Polish: Powiat Lubelski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Lublin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Lublin County are Bełżyce, which lies 23 km (14 mi) west of Lublin, and Bychawa, 26 km (16 mi) south of Lublin.

The county covers an area of 1,679.42 square kilometres (648.4 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 154,760, out of which the population of Bełżyce is 6,504, that of Bychawa is 4,893, and the rural population is 143,363.
Hunstanton Park Esker
Hunstanton Park Esker is a 17.3-hectare (43-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Hunstanton in Norfolk, England. The esker extends 1.5 km from north
of Ringstead Downs to Hunstanton Hall. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This is a 1.5-kilometre (1-mile) esker, a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel dating to the glacial Devensian period, between 115,000 and 11,700 years ago. This is an uncommon landform in central and southern England.

It is private land and there is no public access.

Ringstead Downs
Ringstead Downs is a 6.9-hectare (17-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Hunstanton in Norfolk, England. It is in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty,  and it is the western part of the 11-hectare (27-acre) Ringstead Downs nature reserve, which is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust.

It is a dry chalk valley which was carved out by glacial meltwaters. It is species-rich as it has never been ploughed, and it is the largest surviving area of chalk downland surviving in the county. The butterflies are diverse.

A footpath between Ringstead and Downs Road in Hunstanton goes through the reserve.
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 is a non-fiction book by historians Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace. Based on over twenty years of research, it was published in 1998 by Oxford University Press and won the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for History, and detailed the history of the city before the consolidation of the five boroughs in 1898. A follow-up volume, Greater Gotham: A History of New York City from 1898 to 1919, written by Wallace, was published in 2017 and covered New York City history for the following 20 years. Initial plans were to have the second volume's timeline go through World War II, but due to the amount of material, an upcoming third volume should cover the period from 1920 until 1945.

City of Greater New York
The City of Greater New York was the consolidation of the City of New York
with Brooklyn, western Queens County, and Staten Island, which took effect on January 1, 1898. New York had already annexed the Bronx (west of the Bronx River in 1874,  east of the Bronx River in 1895), so the consolidated city sprawled across 
five counties of New York State, which became the five Boroughs of modern New York. Eastern Queens County was excluded and later became Nassau County.
CFM International LEAP
The CFM International LEAP ("Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion") is a high-bypass turbofan engine produced by CFM International, a 50–50 joint venture between the American GE Aerospace and the French Safran Aircraft Engines. It competes with the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G for narrow-body aircraft.

Ceramic matrix composite
In materials science ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite materials and a subgroup of ceramics. They consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix. The fibers and the matrix both can consist of any ceramic material, including carbon and carbon fibers.
Lisl Goldarbeiter
Lisl Goldarbeiter (23 March 1909 – 14 December 1997) was an Austrian model and actress, who in 1929, became the first and only Austrian to win the Miss Universe title. She also participated in the Miss Europe competition in 1929.

Miss Europe 1929
Miss Europe 1929 was the second annual Miss Europe pageant and the first under French journalist Maurice de Waleffe. Maurice de Waleffe also created in 1920, what in 1927 had become the Miss France pageant. Miss Hungary, Böske Simon, won the pageant title and became the first Jewish women to be crowned Miss Europe. Eighteen European girls competed.
Pannenhuis metro station
Pannenhuis (French pronunciation: [panənœjs]; Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpɑnə(n)ˌɦœys]) is a Brussels Metro station on the northern branch of line 6. It is located in Laeken, in the north-west of the City of Brussels, Belgium. The station takes its name from the street Rue du Pannenhuys/Pannenhuisstraat (lit. 'Roof Tile House Street'), which is just to the west, in the municipality of Jette.

The metro station opened on 6 October 1982 as part of the Beekkant–Bockstael extension of former line 1A. Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it is served by line 6.

Beekkant metro station
Beekkant is a Brussels Metro station on lines 1, 2, 5 and 6. It is located under the Boulevard Edmond Machtens/Edmond Machtenslaan in the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, in the western part of Brussels, Belgium. The station's name translates into English as "Brookside".

The metro station opened on 8 May 1981 as part of the Sainte-Catherine/Sint-Katelijne–Beekkant extension of former east–west line 1, and was for a year, until 6 October 1982, the western terminus of the metro. Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it is served by lines 1, 2, 5 and 6.

The metro station runs parallel to a railway used for freight trains, and from 2010 again, as a suburban railway line of the future Brussels Regional Express Network (RER/GEN).
Terumah (parashah)
Terumah, Terumoh, Terimuh, or Trumah (תְּרוּמָה‎—Hebrew for "gift" or "offering," the twelfth word and first distinctive word in the parashah) is the nineteenth weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the seventh in the Book of Exodus. The parashah tells of God's instructions to make the Tabernacle and its furnishings. The parashah constitutes Exodus 25:1–27:19. It is made up of 4,692 Hebrew letters, 1,145 Hebrew words, 96 verses, and 155 lines in a Torah Scroll (Sefer Torah). Jews in the Diaspora read it the nineteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in February and rarely in early March.

Carol Meyers
Carol Lyons Meyers (born 1942) is an American feminist biblical scholar. She is the Mary Grace Wilson Professor Emerita of Religious Studies at Duke University. Meyers' field of research is focused on biblical studies, archaeology in the Middle East, and the study of women in the biblical world.
2016 European Road Championships
The 2016 European Road Cycling Championships was the 22nd running of the European Road Cycling Championships, that took place over 14–18 September 2016 in Plumelec, France. The event consisted of a total of 5 road races and 5 time trials, regulated by the Union Européenne de Cyclisme (UEC). The 2016 championships were the first to be run with elite events for riders over 23 years of age, although the women's under-23 events were combined with the women's elite events.

Eurosport 1
Eurosport 1 is a television sports network channel which is a division of Eurosport and a subsidiary of EMEA version of Warner Bros. Discovery. Discovery took a 20% minority interest share in December 2012, and became majority shareholder in the Eurosport venture with TF1 in January 2014, taking a 51% share of the company, On 22 July 2015 Discovery agreed to acquire TF1's remaining 49% stake in the venture.

The channel is available in 73 countries, in 21 languages providing viewers with European and international sporting events. Eurosport first launched on European satellites on 5 February 1989. On 13 November 2015 Eurosport changed the name of its main channel to Eurosport 1.
Zhenda Glacier
Zhenda Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Женда, romanized: lednik Zhenda, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ ˈʒɛndɐ]) is the 8 km long and 4.8 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of northern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is situated west of Sabazios Glacier and southeast of Skaklya Glacier.  The glacier drains the northeast slopes of Mount Sharp and the east slopes of Mount Barden, flows northeastwards and together with Skaklya Glacier joins Sabazios Glacier west of Mount Lanning in Sostra Heights.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Zhenda in Southern Bulgaria.

Sostra Heights
Sostra Heights (Bulgarian: Состренски възвишения, ‘Sostrenski Vazvisheniya’ \'so-stren-ski v&-zvi-'she-ni-ya\) are the heights rising ro 2352 m at Mount Malone on the east side of northern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  They extend 22 km in northwest–southeast direction and 16.5 km in northeast–southwest direction.  The heights are bounded by Embree Glacier to the south, Sabazios Glacier to the west, Newcomer Glacier to the north and Rutford Ice Stream to the east, and separated by Robinson Pass to the southwest from the side ridge that trends 9.15 km east-northeastwards from Mount Dalrymple on the main crest of Sentinel Range. Their interior is drained by Anchialus Glacier and Vit Ice Piedmont.

The heights are named after the ancient Roman fortress of Sostra in Northern Bulgaria.
Religion in Iraq
Religion in Iraq dates back to Ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, and Babylonia between c. 3500 BC and 400 AD. Iraq consists of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population, all living together in one geographical area. The Iraqi civilization was built by peoples and nations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Persians, Arabs, and Babylonians. Religious and cultural circumstances have helped Arabs to become the majority of Iraq’s population today, followed by Kurds, Turkmen, and other nationalities.

A national census has not been held since 1987. In the 2020s, the country is overwhelmingly Muslim, who are split into two distinct sects, Shia and Sunni.  Approximately 95% to 98% of the population are Muslims, with Shia Muslims constituting around 55%, and Sunnis around 40%. The remainder follow Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism and Yarsanism.

Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.
Takaneh, Kermanshah
Takaneh (Persian: تاكانه, also Romanized as Tākāneh) is a village in Khaneh Shur Rural District, in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 19 families.

Khaneh Shur Rural District
Khaneh Shur Rural District (Persian: دهستان خانه شور) is in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Negareh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Deh-e Sheykh.
Faenius
Faenius is a Roman nomen, sometimes confused with Fenius.

Faenius Rufus, praetorian prefect under Nero

Lucius Faenius Eumenes, mentioned in a vadimonium (legal document) found at Puteoli

Lucius Faenius Felix, tribune in Britain mentioned several times in inscriptions.

Faenius Rufus
Lucius Faenius Rufus, an eques Romanus, was praefectus annonae from AD 55 to 62. Tacitus reports that (unlike most holders of that office) he did not profit from it. With Tigellinus, he succeeded Sextus Afranius Burrus as praetorian prefect in AD 62. Rufus had a close association with Agrippina the Younger. In 65, however, he was executed for his part as a member of the Pisonian conspiracy against the Emperor Nero.
2006 1000 km of Spa
The 2006 1000km of Spa was the second automobile endurance race for Le Mans Prototype and Le Mans Grand Touring cars of the 2006 Le Mans Series season run by the ACO. It was run on May 14, 2006, at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium.

2006 Le Mans Series
The 2006 Le Mans Series was the third season of ACO Le Mans Series. It is a series for Le Mans prototype and Grand Touring style cars broken into 4 classes: LMP1, LMP2, GT1, and GT2. It began on 9 April and ended on 24 September after 5 rounds.
Natural regions of Chile
Because Chile extends from a point about 625 kilometers north of the Tropic of Capricorn to a point hardly more than 1,400 kilometers north of the Antarctic Circle, within its territory can be found a broad selection of the Earth's climates.

In 1950, CORFO defined, following criteria of geographic and economic homogeneity, six regions in continental Chile: Norte Grande, Norte Chico, Núcleo Central, Concepción y La Frontera, Los Lagos and Los Canales.

Although this territorial division was never used to define administrative entities (as the current Regions of Chile), the natural regions continue to be used for reference purposes.

Regions of Chile
Chile is divided into 16 regions (Spanish: regiones, singular región), which are the country's first-level administrative division. Each region is headed by a directly elected regional governor (gobernador regional) and a regional board (consejo regional).

The regions are divided into provinces (the second-level administrative division), each headed by a governor (gobernador) appointed by the President. There are 56 provinces in total. Provinces are divided into communes (the third and lowest level administrative division), which are governed by municipal councils.
Demmin-Land
Demmin-Land is an Amt in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Demmin, itself not part of the Amt.

The Amt Demmin-Land consists of the following municipalities:

Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːklənˌbuʁɡɪʃə ˈzeːənˌplatə], lit. 'Mecklenburg Lake Plateau') is a district in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Ludwigslust-Parchim, Rostock (district), Vorpommern-Rügen, Vorpommern-Greifswald, and the state Brandenburg to the south. The district covers the largest area of all German districts and more than double the area of the state of Saarland. The district seat is the town Neubrandenburg.
Arkys lancearius
Arkys lancearius, the triangular spider, is a common Australian spider belonging to the family Arkyidae. It is an ambush hunter, commonly found resting on leaves and ferns or hanging from just a few threads of silk. The front two pairs of legs are large, suited for grabbing small insects, while the rear pairs of legs are much smaller.

Arkyidae
Arkyidae, also known as triangular spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1872 as a subfamily of Araneidae, and later elevated to a full family in 2017.
2012 Thomas & Uber Cups Preliminaries for Africa
The 2012 Thomas & Uber Cups Preliminaries for Africa were held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between 22 and 26 February and  sanctioned by Badminton World Federation and Badminton Confederation of Africa. Nigeria and South Africa was the defending champion in men's and women's team events. This tournament serves as qualification stage for African countries for the 2012 Thomas & Uber Cup.

All Africa Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships
All Africa Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships is a continental stage tournament of Thomas and Uber Cups, organized by the Badminton Confederation of Africa (BCA), to crown the best national men's and women's badminton teams in Africa. The winner of this tournament will represent BCA at the Thomas and Uber Cup finals.
Cities XL 2011
Cities XL 2011 is a city simulator developed by Focus Home Interactive. Cities XL 2011 is the second game in the Cities XL franchise. The game focuses on a single-player mode, and was released on October 14, 2010. New features include more buildings and maps, improved public transport, an enhanced tax system, and better trading options.

Single-player video game
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes.

Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The Unreal Tournament series is one example of such.
Limbach, Bad Kreuznach
Limbach (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪmbax] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land, whose seat is in the town of Kirn.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
Die Päkhy-Sprache
Die Päkhy-Sprache (which means The Ubykh Language in German) is the title of a treatise in the Ubykh language, written by Gyula Mészáros and published in 1934 by the University of Chicago Press.

It was the first major descriptive work written in Ubykh. At the time of the treatise, the phonological complexities of the language were not fully understood. The transcription system used in the book was somewhat lacking, distinguishing only about 80% of Ubykh's 80-odd phonemes. Despite this shortcoming, Mészáros's account of the grammar was quite accurate. The quality and scope of the 402 page book drew much attention to this obscure language, paving the way for the further documentation of the Ubykh language by Georges Dumézil, Hans Vogt and Tevfik Esenç.

Ubykh phonology
Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, with 84, due to extensive secondary articulation, and also the most disproportionate ratio of consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Only Khoisan languages such as Taa have larger consonant inventories due to their large inventories of click consonants.