hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Internet Freedom Foundation
Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) is an Indian digital rights advocacy organisation that defends against threats to civil liberties and democracy in India.  Launched on 15 August 2016 — India's Independence Day, — it grounds its mission in the principles of the Constitution of India, reflecting its commitment to democratic rights and civic participation. IFF combines digital-first campaigning with policy advocacy. Its staff and volunteers run literacy projects such as online campaigns that inform citizens and engage government bodies about complex issues in technology policy. It conducts strategic litigation in matters of censorship, digital surveillance, and digital privacy. Based in New Delhi, it is led by Indian lawyer and founder director Apar Gupta.

Shreya Singhal v. Union of India
Shreya Singhal v. Union of India is a judgement by a two-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India in 2015, on the issue of online speech and intermediary liability in India. The Supreme Court struck down Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, relating to restrictions on online speech, as unconstitutional on grounds of violating the freedom of speech guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India. The Court further held that the Section was not saved by virtue of being a 'reasonable restriction' on the freedom of speech under Article 19(2). The Supreme Court also read down Section 79 and Rules under the Section. It held that online intermediaries would only be obligated to take down content on receiving an order from a court or government authority. The case is considered a watershed moment for online free speech in India.
Yadav Singh corruption case
The Yadav Singh corruption case is an alleged event of corruption in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Yadav Singh was the Engineer-in-Chief of the Noida Authority, Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA) and Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA).

It is alleged that the Raids conducted by the Income Tax Department in November 2014 at several locations, including his residence in Sector-51 Noida, showed that Singh owned property disproportionate to his known sources of income.

Public interest litigation in India
The chief instrument through which judicial activism has flourished in India is public interest litigation (PIL) or social action litigation (SAL). It refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer. It is a relaxation on the traditional rule of locus standi. Before 1980s the judiciary and the Supreme Court of India entertained litigation only from parties affected directly or indirectly by the defendant. It heard and decided cases only under its original and appellate jurisdictions. However, the Supreme Court began permitting cases on the grounds of public interest litigation, which means that even people who are not directly involved in the case may bring matters of public interest to the court. It is the court's privilege to entertain the application for the PIL.
Yersey
Yersey is a submarine volcano in Indonesia. It was listed as an active volcano in the old sea charts at the location in the southern of Banda Basin. During the 1929 survey, the volcano was spotted at the depth of 3,800 m along the ridge that stretches from Batu Tara until Gunungapi Wetar.

Gunungapi Wetar
Gunungapi Wetar is an isolated volcanic island to the north of Wetar island in the Banda Sea, Indonesia. The island, a stratovolcano, only extends 239 m above sea level, but the total height of the summit from the sea bed is over 5000 m. Explosions in 1512 and 1699 are the only historical eruptions of the volcano.
1964 Maltese constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Malta between 2 and 4 May 1964. The new constitution was approved by 54.5% of voters, and came into effect on 21 September 1964. It was effectively a referendum on independence, as the new constitution gave the country self-government.

The Progressive Constitutionalist Party led by Mabel Strickland boycotted the referendum.

Independence referendum
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not always ultimately result in independence.
Wandering salamander
The wandering salamander (Aneides vagrans) is species of climbing salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It has a disjunct distribution, with one population in northern California and another on Vancouver Island. It is unclear whether this distribution is natural or the result of unintentional human introductions. While it can be found terrestrially, the species is known for its habitation of the forest canopy, particularly in the crowns of coast redwood trees. When disturbed, individuals of this species may leap from trees, gliding and controlling their descent in the air with various physical adaptations.

Climbing salamander
Climbing salamanders is the common name for plethodontid (lungless) salamanders of the genus Aneides. It contains 10 species native to North America, distributed between the Pacific Coast (7 species), Sacramento Mountains (1 species), and Appalachian Mountains (2 species). As their common name suggests, most of these species have prehensile tails and are quite mobile in trees.
Battle Point Site
The Battle Point Site, also designated 20OT50, is an archaeological site located on Battle Point, along the Grand River in Crockery Township, Ottawa County, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Grand River (Michigan)
The Grand River (Ottawa: owashtanong, "Far-Flowing Water") is a 252-mile-long (406 km) river in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The longest river in Michigan, the Grand River rises in Hillsdale County, and flows in a generally northwesterly direction to its mouth at Lake Michigan in the city of Grand Haven. The river flows through a number of cities, including Jackson, Lansing, Ionia, and Grand Rapids.

The river was famous for its mile-long, 300-yard-wide, and 10-to-15-foot-tall rapids, for which the city of Grand Rapids was named. These rapids were submerged following the construction of numerous dams, starting in 1835, and flooding of areas behind the dams. The river has not had any rapids for nearly a century.
Landstuhl
Landstuhl (German pronunciation: [ˈlantʃtuːl] ⓘ), officially the Sickingen Town of Landstuhl (German: Sickingenstadt Landstuhl), is a town in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Municipal Association of Landstuhl. Situated on the north-west edge of the Palatinate Forest, 11 miles (18 km) west of the city of Kaiserslautern, the town is located near Ramstein Air Base.

Palatinate Forest
The Palatinate Forest (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfälzerwald [ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] ⓘ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The forest is a designated nature park (German: Naturpark Pfälzerwald) covering 1,771 km2 and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (672.6 m).

Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
Eldiguz
Shams al-Din Ildeniz, Eldigüz or Shamseddin Eldeniz (Persian: اتابک شمس‌الدین ایلدگز, died c. 1175–1176) was an atabeg of the Seljuq empire and founder of the dynasty of Eldiguzids, atabegs of Azerbaijan, which held sway over Armenia, Iranian Azerbaijan, and most of northwestern Persia from the second half of the 12th century to the early decades of the 13th.

Maragheh
Maragheh (Persian: مراغه) is a city in the Central District of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay. It is 130 kilometres (81 mi) from Tabriz, the largest city in northwestern Iran.
By-elections to the 26th Canadian Parliament
By-elections to the 26th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1963 federal election and the 1965 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 26th Canadian Parliament, with no change from by-elections.

Six vacant seats were filled through by-elections.

26th Canadian Parliament
The 26th Canadian Parliament was in session from May 16, 1963, until September 8, 1965. The membership was set by the 1963 federal election on April 8, 1963, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1965 election. Most of the MPs were elected as the single member for their district. Two represented Queen's (PEI) and two represented Halifax.

There were three sessions of the 26th Parliament:
Dabirpura railway station
Dabirpura railway station is a third grade suburban (SG–3) category Indian railway station in Hyderabad railway division of South Central Railway zone. It is located in Hyderabad of the Indian state of Telangana.

Hyderabad railway division
Hyderabad railway division is one of the six divisions of South Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The headquarters of the Division is at Secunderabad and its zonal headquarters is at Secunderabad. Even though Hyderabad has its own Division, the Hyderabad Deccan railway station itself falls under Secunderabad Railway Division. Secunderabad–Manmad section also known as Kacheguda–Manmad line is an important Railway route connecting the States of Telangana and Maharashtra, most stations on this route are administered by Hyderabad Division and Nanded railway division.
Bietigheim (Baden)
Bietigheim is a village in the district of Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg in Southwestern Germany. It is located east of the Rhine river and thus the border to France, west of the Black Forest (more precisely the Northern Black Forest), south of the city of Karlsruhe and north of the city of Rastatt.

Bundesautobahn 5
Bundesautobahn 5 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 5, short form Autobahn 5, abbreviated as BAB 5 or A 5) is a 445 km (277 mi) long Autobahn in Germany. Its northern end is the Hattenbach triangle intersection (with the A 7). The southern end is at the Swiss border near Basel. It runs through the German states of Hessen and Baden-Württemberg and connects on its southern ending to the Swiss A 2.

The A5 passes by the Frankfurt Airport.
Norman T. Spence
Norman Tremaine Spence (November 3, 1911 – August 15, 2004) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Hants West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1963 to 1970. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in 1911 at Ellershouse, Nova Scotia, Spence was a farmer and lumberman by career. He married Lois Rae Duncan in 1938. His brother Harley J. Spence also served in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. Spence entered provincial politics in the 1963 election, winning the Hants West riding by over 1300 votes. He was re-elected in the 1967 election, defeating Liberal Robert D. Lindsay by 284 votes. In the 1970 election, Lindsay ran again and defeated Spence by 266 votes. Spence died on August 15, 2004.

Robert D. Lindsay
Robert Dewar Lindsay (October 21, 1919 – April 6, 1999) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Hants West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1970 to 1978. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
Miss Polonia 2005
Miss Polonia 2005 was the 31st Miss Polonia pageant, held at the National Theatre in Warsaw, Poland, on September 2, 2005.

The winner was Malwina Ratajczak of Opole and she represented Poland in Miss World 2005 and Miss Baltic Sea 2006. Top 5 finalist Marta Jakoniuk represented Poland Miss International 2006. Top 5 finalist Francys Mayela Barraza Sudnicka represented the country at both Miss Universe 2006 and Miss Earth 2006.

Miss World 2005
Miss World 2005, the 55th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 10 December 2005 at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China. María Julia Mantilla of Peru crowned her successor Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir of Iceland. 102 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown. All contestants competed in three "fast track" events, Beach Beauty, Miss Talent, and Beauty With a Purpose contests. The winner of each competition immediately became one of the fifteen pageant semi-finalists. She became the third Icelandic woman to win Miss World since Hólmfríður Karlsdóttir in Miss World 1985 and Linda Pétursdóttir in Miss World 1988.
Braint
53°13′19″N 4°12′00″W﻿ / ﻿53.222°N 4.200°W﻿ / 53.222; -4.200
Braint (privilege, right, honour, or status)was the name of one of the 40 wards of the Isle of Anglesey County Council, covering part of the area of the community of Llanfairpwllgwyngyll.

The ward contained 1,173 electors in 2007. The population of the ward was 1,517 at the 2011 Census.

Following the 2012 Isle of Anglesey electoral boundary changes Braint (and Llanfair PG) became part of a larger Aethwy county council ward though it remains a community ward of Llanfair PG.

Llanfairpwllgwyngyll
Llanfairpwllgwyngyll or Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll (Welsh: [ɬan.ˌvair.puɬˈɡwɨ̞n.ɡɨ̞ɬ]), often shortened to Llanfairpwll and sometimes to Llanfair PG, is a village and community on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. It is located on the Menai Strait, next to the Britannia Bridge. At the 2011 Census the population was 3,107, of whom 71% could speak Welsh. As of the 2021 census, the population had decreased to 2,900 (rounded to the nearest 100). It is the sixth largest settlement in the county by population.

Llanfair­pwllgwyngyll­gogery­chwyrn­drobwll­llan­tysilio­gogo­goch ([ˌɬan.vair.pʊɬ.ˌɡwɨ̞ŋ.ɡɨ̞ɬ.ɡɔ.ˌɡɛ.rə.ˌχwərn.ˌdrɔ.bʊɬ.ˌɬan.tə.ˌsɪl.jɔˌɡɔ.ɡɔ.ˈɡoːχ] ⓘ) is a lengthened form of the name, used in some contexts. With 58 characters split into 18 syllables, it is purported to have the longest name in Europe and the second longest one-word place name in the world.
Sir John Houstoun, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Houstoun of that Ilk, 2nd Baronet (or Houston; died December 1717) was a shire commissioner of the Parliament of Scotland for Renfrewshire from 1685 to 1686 and 1702 to 1707 and for Stirlingshire in 1689 then from 1689 to 1702.

He was the son of Sir Patrick Houstoun, 1st Baronet of that Ilk, whom he succeeded to the baronetcy in 1696.

Sir John married Lady Anne (3 March 1671 – April 1738), daughter of John Drummond, 1st Earl of Melfort and Sophia, daughter of Robert Maitland. She was the heiress of Lundin. Their son and his successor, Sir John Houston, 3rd Baronet of that Ilk, M.P.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
18th IIFA Awards
The 2017 IIFA Awards, officially known as the 18th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honouring the best Hindi films of 2016, occurred in MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey on 14–15 July 2017. It was the first time that the awards held there and also IIFA returned to United States after 2014.

Udta Punjab led the ceremony with 9 nominations, followed by Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story with 8 nominations each, Pink with 7 nominations and Neerja with 5 nominations.

Ae Dil Hai Mushkil won 7 awards, including Best Music Director (for Pritam), Best Lyricist (for Amitabh Bhattacharya – "Channa Mereya") and Best Male Playback Singer (for Amit Mishra – "Bulleya"), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

Alia Bhatt received dual nominations for Best Actress for her performances in Dear Zindagi and Udta Punjab, winning for the latter.

IIFA Award for Best Actress
The IIFA Award for Best Actress is given by the International Indian Film Academy as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. The recipient is chosen by viewers, and the winner is announced at the ceremony. The most recent recipient is Nitanshi Goel, who became the youngest recipient of the award for her performance in Laapataa Ladies.
Christian Lindner
Christian Wolfgang Lindner (German: [ˈkʁɪsti̯an ˈvɔlfɡaŋ ˈlɪndnɐ] ⓘ; born 7 January 1979) is a German retired politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who was the Federal Minister of Finance from 2021 until his dismissal in 2024 during a government crisis. Serving from 2013 to 2025, Lindner was the longest-serving party-leader of the FDP and a Member of the Bundestag (MdB) for North Rhine-Westphalia from 2017 to 2025, having previously held a seat from 2009 until 2012. Lindner resigned as party leader and announced his retirement from active politics after the FDP dropped out of parliament as a result of the 2025 federal election. His decision to withdraw from the Scholz cabinet is often considered the main catalyst for the party's inability to enter the Bundestag in the election.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
EyeToy
The EyeToy is a color webcam for use with the PlayStation 2. Supported games use computer vision and gesture recognition to process images taken by the EyeToy. This allows players to interact with the games using motion, color detection, and also sound, through its built-in microphone. It was released in 2003 and in total, it has 10.5 million sales.

The camera was manufactured by Logitech, although newer EyeToys were manufactured by Namtai. The camera is mainly used for playing EyeToy games developed by Sony and other companies. It is not intended for use as a normal PC camera, although some programmers have written unofficial drivers for it. The EyeToy is compatible with the PlayStation 3 and can be used for video chatting. As of November 6, 2008, the EyeToy has sold 10.5 million units worldwide.

Transmission Games
Transmission Games (originally known as IR Gurus) was an Australian video game developer that specialised in sports and action games. Transmission Games was established as IR Gurus Pty Ltd in 1996 by Craig Laughton, Andrew Niere, and Ian Cunliffe with the motto "Game Play is Everything". The company name was changed in February 2008 to Transmission Games and was later purchased by a third-party investor. The company was subsequently closed some 18 months later by the new owner.

Transmission Games developed many games, including Ashes Cricket 2009 for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and PC; Heatseeker for the PlayStation 2, Wii, and PSP; Heroes of the Pacific for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PC; the AFL Premiership series for the PlayStation 2; and The Saddle Club – Willowbrook Stables.

The company was based in Melbourne, Australia, and its last games released were Ashes Cricket 2009 (which was published by Codemasters), Heatseeker, AFL Premiership 2007, and Brian Lara Pressure Play.
The Glasgow School
The Glasgow School is a compilation album by the Scottish band Orange Juice, released in 2005. It contains the band's four singles for Postcard Records, the greater part of the 1992 compilation album Ostrich Churchyard (which contains early versions of tracks that later appeared on the 1982 album You Can't Hide Your Love Forever), an alternate version of "Simply Thrilled Honey", and a cover of "I Don't Care" by the Ramones, recorded when the band were still known as The Nu-Sonics. This material was all recorded between 1978 and 1981, prior to the band signing with Polydor Records.

You Can't Hide Your Love Forever
You Can't Hide Your Love Forever is the debut album by Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice, released in 1982 by Polydor. The title was derived from a line in the song "Hi Dear," by Jonathan Richman & the Modern Lovers. It was re-released by Domino in 2014.
Cléo
Cléverson Gabriel Córdova (born 9 August 1985), commonly known as Cléo, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He also holds Serbian citizenship.

While playing on three different continents, Cléo scored at least once in the major club international competitions, in the Copa Libertadores for Atlético Paranaense, in the UEFA Champions League for Partizan, and in the AFC Champions League for two clubs, Guangzhou Evergrande and Kashiwa Reysol.

2012 Chinese FA Super Cup
The 2012 Chinese FA Super Cup (Chinese: 2012中国足球协会超级杯) was the 10th Chinese Football Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Super League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played at the Guangzhou University City Stadium on 25 February 2012, and contested by league winner Guangzhou Evergrande and cup winner Tianjin Teda. Guangzhou Evergrande won the title 2–1.
New York's 33rd congressional district
New York's 33rd congressional district was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York. It was eliminated as a result of the 1990 census. It was last represented by Henry J. Nowak. Much of this area became part of 30th district during the 1990s, and is now largely in the 27th district.

Steuben County, New York
Steuben County (/ˈstjuːbən/ STEW-bən or /stjuːˈbɛn/ stew-BEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, its population was 93,584. Its county seat is Bath. Its name is in honor of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War, though it is not pronounced the same (German: [fɔn ˈʃtɔʏbn̩]). The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Steuben County comprises the Corning, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY combined statistical area.