hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Sadistic Baron von Klaus
The Sadistic Baron von Klaus (Spanish: La mano de un hombre muerto, lit. 'The Hand of a Dead Man') is a 1963 film directed by Jesús Franco. Set in the village in the mountains of Austria, a series of murders of young women are plaguing a village. The murders recall the actions of fifty years earlier of Baron von Klaus. Karl Steiner, a reporter from out of town joins Inspector Borowsky in investigating.

The film originally had a story by René Sebille, but was re-written by Franco and two film 
critics from the Spanish film magazine Film Ideal. The film began shooting in Northern Spain in late 1962, and was completed in early 1963. The film is a Spanish and French co-production between Cooperativa Cinematografica in Madrid and Eurocine in Paris.

The film was the first production where composer Daniel J. White worked with Franco, leading to many productions together in the future. The film received negative reviews from Cine en 7 dias and Cahiers du Cinéma.

The Awful Dr. Orloff
The Awful Dr. Orloff (Spanish: Gritos en la noche, lit. 'Screams in the Night'; French: L'Horrible Docteur Orloff) is a 1962 horror film written and directed by Jesús Franco. It stars Howard Vernon as the mad Dr. Orloff (sometimes spelled Orlof) who wants to repair his disfigured daughter's face with skin grafts from other women with the aid of a slavish, blind henchman named Morpho. A co-production between Spain and France, filmed in Madrid, the film is considered to be the earliest Spanish horror film.

The Awful Dr. Orloff was the first horror film directed by cult filmmaker Franco, and the first of many subsequent collaborations with Howard Vernon. Franco would reuse the Orloff and Morpho characters in many of his later horror films, such as Vampyros Lesbos, Revenge in the House of Usher, and Faceless.
The Penderwicks
The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy is a children's novel by Jeanne Birdsall and the first book in the Penderwicks series. Published by Knopf in 2005, The Penderwicks was inspired by stories Birdsall read growing up. The book is about the Penderwicks, a family of four sisters, and their adventures during a summer vacation in Massachusetts.

The Penderwicks won a National Book Award in 2005. Both The Penderwicks and its sequel, The Penderwicks on Gardam Street, were New York Times Best Sellers. The remaining books in the series are The Penderwicks at Point Mouette, The Penderwicks in Spring, and The Penderwicks at Last.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Gmina Kamienna Góra
Gmina Kamienna Góra is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Kamienna Góra, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 158.1 square kilometres (61.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 9,019.

Kamienna Góra County
Kamienna Góra County (Polish: powiat kamiennogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 396.1 square kilometres (152.9 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the town of Kamienna Góra; the only other town in the county is Lubawka.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 43,429, out of which the population of Kamienna Góra is 19,010, the population of Lubawka is 6,028 and the rural population is 18,391.
Jumayl, Libya
Jumayl (Al Jamīl, El Gemil and Aljmail) (Arabic: الجميل Favor) is a town in central Nuqat al Khams District of western Libya. It is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Libya's Mediterranean Sea port in the city of Zuwarah. As of 2010, Jumayl had an estimated population of 102,000.

Nuqat al Khams
Nuqat al Khams (Arabic: النقاط الخمس Nuqāṭ al Ḫams lit. 'The five points') is one of the districts of Libya.  It is in the northwest of the country, in what had been the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital is Zuwara. Nuqat al Khams has a northern shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. To the west, it borders the Medenine Governorate of Tunisia. Domestically, it borders the districts of Zawiya to the east, Jabal al Gharbi to the southeast, and Nalut to the southwest. Nuqat al Khams is a part of the Tripolitania geographical region of Libya.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. In total, there were 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 households belonging to Libyans.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per sq. km. The Al-Watiya Air Base is located here.
Captain Arturo Prat Base
Captain Arturo Prat Base (Spanish: Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat") is a Chilean Antarctic research station located at Iquique Cove, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

Opened February 6, 1947 by the First Chilean Antarctic Expedition, it is the oldest Chilean Antarctic station. Until March 1, 2006, it was a base of the Chilean Navy, on which date it was handed over to the regional government of Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Until February 2004, it had been a permanent base. Afterwards, it had served as a summer base for ionospheric and meteorologic research. There have been plans to reopen the station for permanent occupation starting March 2008. The base is named for Captain Arturo Prat, a Chilean naval officer.

Chilean Antarctic Expedition
The First Chilean Antarctic Expedition (1947–1948) was an expedition to Antarctica mounted by the Chilean government and military to enforce its territorial claims against British challenges, namely Operation Tabarin.

Among other accomplishments the expedition established Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme on February 18, 1948. Chilean President Gabriel González Videla personally inaugurated the base, thereby becoming the first head of state to set foot on the continent.  The inactive research station González Videla Antarctic Base is named in his honor. The O'Higgins Base is still operated by the Chilean Army, one of the Antarctic bases with the longest times of continuous operation.

The expedition was led by Commodore Federico Guesalaga Toro.  The German-Chilean Hans Helfritz served as the expedition's official photographer.
Fujiwara no Tsunekiyo
Fujiwara no Tsunekiyo (藤原 経清; died October 22, 1062) was a member of the martial Hidesato branch of the Fujiwaras and was the father of Fujiwara no Kiyohira, founder of the Northern Fujiwara dynasty in Japan.

He is said to have come from the Watari District in what is now southern Miyagi Prefecture. He served for a time as a military bureaucrat at Fort Taga in modern-day Tagajō, Miyagi Prefecture.

Tsunekiyo married a daughter of Abe no Yoritoki, leader of the Emishi who ruled the Kitakami Basin in what is now Iwate Prefecture and moved to Iwayadō Castle. When the Zenkunen War (前九年合戦) broke out he fought with the Abe forces against the Central government forces led by the governor of Mutsu Province, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi. For this he was branded a traitor. After the Abe were defeated in 1062, Tsunekiyo was beheaded with a blunt sword by Yoriyoshi personally.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Emerson Royal
Emerson Aparecido Leite de Souza Junior (born 14 January 1999), known as Emerson Royal or simply Emerson, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a right-back or centre-back for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Flamengo and the Brazil national team.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Jennifer Lehane
Jennifer "Jenny" Lehane OLY (born 19 August 1998) is an Irish amateur boxer. She was the first female bantamweight boxer from her country to take part in an Olympics Games having competed at Paris 2024.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards
The Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards was a literary award for science fiction and fantasy works translated into English. The first award was presented in 2011 for works published in 2010. Two awards were given, one for long form (40,000 words) and one for short form. Both the author and translator receive a trophy and a cash prize of US$350. The award was supported a number of ways including direct donations from the public, the Speculative Literature Foundation, prominent academics in particular staff at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), home of the Eaton Collection, one of the world’s largest collections of science fiction and fantasy literature. The last award was for 2013, and the award officially closed in October 2014.

Georges-Olivier Châteaureynaud
Georges-Olivier Châteaureynaud (born 1947 in Paris) is a French novelist and short story writer. He was awarded the Prix Renaudot in 1982 for the novel La Faculté des songes and the Prix Goncourt de la nouvelle in 2005 for Singe savant tabassé par deux clowns. He has been general secretary of the Prix Renaudot since 2010.
Bahrain Human Rights Society
The Bahrain Human Rights Society (BHRS; Arabic: الجمعية البحرينية لحقوق الإنسان, romanized: al-Jamʻīyah al-Baḥraynīyah li-Ḥuqūq al-Insān) was set up in 2002 following wide ranging political reforms by the Bahraini government to allow the functioning of independent human rights groups.

In 2010 the government dissolved the BHRS's board of directors, leaving the group's future in doubt.

Politics of Bahrain
Politics of Bahrain has since 2002 taken place in a framework of a semi-constitutional monarchy where the government is appointed by the King of Bahrain, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. The head of the government since 2020 is Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, who became Prime Minister following the death of Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, and who also serves as Deputy Commander of the Bahrain Defence Force. The parliament is a bicameral legislature, with the Council of Representatives elected by universal suffrage, and the Consultative Council (also called the Shura Council) appointed directly by the king.
Benjamin F. Cheatham
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham (October 20, 1820 – September 4, 1886) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He served in the Army of Tennessee, inflicting many casualties on Gen. Sherman at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, but took the blame for General Schofield's escape at Spring Hill – a major factor in the Confederate defeat at Franklin, Tennessee in 1864. Later in life, he became a gold miner in California and a plantation owner in his home state of Tennessee.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Moreau envelope
The Moreau envelope (or the Moreau-Yosida regularization)  of a proper lower semi-continuous convex function  is a smoothed version of . It was proposed by Jean-Jacques Moreau in 1965.

The Moreau envelope has important applications in mathematical optimization: minimizing over  and minimizing over  are equivalent problems in the sense that the sets of minimizers of   and  are the same. However, first-order optimization algorithms can be directly applied to , since  may be non-differentiable while  is always continuously differentiable. Indeed, many proximal gradient methods can be interpreted as a gradient descent method over .

Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.
Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation
ANTAR (formerly Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation) is an independent, national non-government, not-for-profit, community-based organisation founded in 1997 which advocates for the rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia and aims to help overcome inequality and disadvantage. Its staff and membership comprise mainly non-Indigenous people who support Indigenous voices and interests. Since 2023, ANTAR has had a majority First Nations board of directors.

Close the Gap
Close the Gap (CTG) is a social justice campaign focused on Indigenous Australians' health, in which peak Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous health bodies, NGOs and human rights organisations work together to achieve health equality in Australia. The Campaign was launched in April 2007. National Close the Gap Day (NCTGD) has been held annually since 2009.
Governor of Tokat
The Governor of Tokat (Turkish: Tokat Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Tokat. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Tokat is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Tokat. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Tokat provincial police force and the Tokat Gendarmerie.

Ministry of Interior (Turkey)
The Ministry of Interior or Ministry of the Interior or Interior Ministry (Turkish: İçişleri Bakanlığı lit. Ministry of Internal Affairs) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for interior security affairs in Turkey.

As of 10 February 2026, the current Minister of the Interior is Mustafa Çiftçi.
Christensen Nunatak
Christensen Nunatak (65°6′S 59°31′W﻿ / ﻿65.100°S 59.517°W﻿ / -65.100; -59.517) is a nunatak 1 nautical mile (2 km) north of Robertson Island in the Seal Nunataks group, off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was discovered in 1893 by a Norwegian expedition under C.A. Larsen, who named it for Christen Christensen of Sandefjord, Norway, a pioneer of modern Antarctic whaling. It was surveyed in 1902 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld, and in 1947 and 1953 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey.

Robertson Island
Robertson Island is an ice-covered island, 21 km (13 mi) long in a northwest-southeast direction and 10 km (6 mi) wide, lying at the east end of the Seal Nunataks off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Captain Carl Anton Larsen discovered Robertson Island from the Jason on 9 December 1893. Curious to find out if the volcano was active he skied to the top from the north side of the island, later naming it Mt. Christensen after his longtime partner and majority owner of the Jason, Christen Christensen. Larsen named Robertson Island for William Robertson, co-owner of the Hamburg-based company Woltereck & Robertson.
Miracle of the gulls
The miracle of the gulls is an 1848 event often credited by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for saving the second harvest of the Mormon pioneers in the Salt Lake Valley. While absent in contemporary accounts, later accounts stated seagulls miraculously saved the 1848 crops by eating thousands of insects that were devouring their fields.  The first crop was planted in 1847 a few days after the pioneers entered the valley, which was very late in the growing season and produced a meager but usable harvest. Next spring, using seed from the first harvest, they planted their second crop, only to watch in dismay as the crickets attacked. Less than two years earlier, in October 1846, many of them were saved by quail that flew into their camp, on their trek to the Great Salt Lake and made available as food.

George A. Smith
George Albert Smith (June 26, 1817 – September 1, 1875) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He served in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and as a member of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Smith was a prominent leader in the settlement of many communities in southern Utah, and played a role in the chain of events preceding the Mountain Meadows Massacre on September 11, 1857. The city of St. George, Utah, may have been named after him.
History of radio receivers
Radio waves were first identified in German physicist Heinrich Hertz's 1887 series of experiments to prove James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. Hertz used spark-excited dipole antennas to generate the waves and micrometer spark gaps attached to dipole and loop antennas to detect them.  These precursor radio receivers were primitive devices, more accurately described as radio wave "sensors" or "detectors", as they could only receive radio waves within about 100 feet of the transmitter, and were not used for communication but instead as laboratory instruments in scientific experiments and engineering demonstrations.

Beat (acoustics)
In acoustics, a beat is an interference pattern between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a periodic variation in volume, the rate of which is the difference of the two frequencies.

With tuning instruments that can produce sustained tones, beats can be readily recognized. Tuning two tones to a unison will present a peculiar effect: when the two tones are close in pitch but not identical, the difference in frequency generates the beating. The volume varies as in a tremolo while the sounds alternately interfere constructively and destructively. As the two tones gradually approach unison, the beating slows down and may become so slow as to be imperceptible. As the two tones get further apart, their beat frequency begins approaching the range of human pitch perception, the beating starts to sound like a note, and a combination tone is produced.
Storsteinsfjellet
Storsteinsfjellet is a mountain ridge in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The mountain ridge is about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) long and it has six peaks over 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) in elevation.  The highest peak is Kirken at 1,894 metres (6,214 ft) above sea level.  Storsteinsfjellet lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the town of Narvik.  The lake Sealggajávri lies immediately north of the mountain and the lake Lossivatnet lies just west of the mountain.

Narvik (town)
Narvikⓘ (Norwegian) or Áhkánjárga (Northern Sami) is a town and the administrative centre of Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is located along the Ofotfjorden in the Ofoten region. The town lies on a peninsula located between the Rombaken fjord and the Beisfjorden. The European route E06 highway runs through the Beisfjord Bridge and Hålogaland Bridge crossing the two small fjords surrounding the town.

The 6.93-square-kilometre (1,710-acre) town has a population (2023) of 14,051 which gives the town a population density of 2,028 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,250/sq mi).

Narvik Church is the main church for the town. Narvik is a commercial centre for the region. The Narvik campus of the University of Tromsø has approximately 1,200 students in the town. There are some high-tech businesses in Narvik (among them Natech).
Ravensdale Park
Ravensdale Park is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire roughly 3 miles (5 km) WSW of Belper, Derbyshire, England, midway between Turnditch and Brailsford. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the South Derbyshire civil parish of Dalbury Lees.

It originated as one of the seven royal parks within Duffield Frith. In time it was the location of the chief hunting lodge for the Frith, and there are frequent entries in the records of the Duchy of Lancaster referring to it. John of Gaunt visited frequently. Parts of the former deer park are designated as a scheduled monument.

There is one Grade II listed building in the parish, the farmhouse at Park Farm, a two-storey building dated 1728 with coursed squared sandstone walls to the ground floor and red brick on the upper storey.

Dalbury Lees
Dalbury Lees is a parish in south Derbyshire. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 Census (including Trusley) was 306.  It is about six miles (10 km) from both Burton-on-Trent and Derby and just under four miles (6 km) from Egginton. The parish contains the villages of Dalbury and Lees which are just under 2 miles (3.2 km) apart from one another.  Dalbury Lees has been known, as Dalbury and as Dalbury with Lees, but Dalbury Lees is the preferred term.