hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lodestar method
In the legal realm, the "lodestar method" refers to a method of computing attorney's fees whereby a trial court must multiply the number of hours reasonably spent by trial counsel by a reasonable hourly rate. This figure can then be adjusted upward or downward for certain factors known as multipliers, such as contingency and the quality of the work performed, to arrive at a final fee. Under the lodestar method, the most heavily weighted multipliers are the time and labor required.

Contingent fee
A contingent fee (also known as a contingency fee in the United States or a conditional fee in England and Wales) is any fee for services provided where the fee is payable only if there is a favourable result. Although such a fee may be used in many fields, it is particularly well associated with legal practice.

In the law, a contingent fee is defined as a fee charged for a lawyer's services that is payable only if a lawsuit is successful or results in a favorable settlement, usually in the form of a percentage of the amount recovered on behalf of the client. Contingent fees may make it easier for people of limited means to pursue their civil rights since otherwise, to sue someone for a tort, one must first be wealthy enough to pursue such litigation in the first place. Due to the risk of loss, attorneys will not take cases on a contingency basis unless they believe that the case has merit, although accepting cases on a contingency is not without risk.
Museo Civico Scienze Naturali Enrico Caffi
Civic Museum of Natural Science Enrico Caffi (Italian: Museo di Scienze Naturali Enrico Caffi) is a natural history museum in Bergamo, Italy. The museum has more than 55,000 artifacts, fossils, animal and plant specimens. The museum is founded in 1918 and, after multiple moves, is currently located at Piazza Cittadella. The museum also hosts a library and provides education activities for schools in the region.

Eudimorphodon
Eudimorphodon is an extinct genus of pterosaur that was discovered in 1973 by Mario Pandolfi in the town of Cene, Italy and described the same year by Rocco Zambelli. The nearly complete skeleton was retrieved from shale deposited during the Late Triassic (mid to late Norian stage, 219-215 million years ago), making Eudimorphodon one of the oldest pterosaurs known. It had a wingspan of about 100 centimeters (3.3 ft). Eudimorphodon is known from several skeletons, including juvenile specimens.
English Americans
English Americans (also known as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. According to the 2020 United States census, English Americans are the largest ethnic demographic in the United States with 46.6 million Americans self-identifying as having some English origins (many combined with another heritage) representing (19.8%) of the White American population. This includes 25,536,410 (12.5% of whites) identified as predominantly or "English alone".

Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington
Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington (1673 – 2 July 1743) was a British Whig statesman who served continuously in government from 1715 until his death in 1743. He sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1698 and 1728, and was then raised to the peerage and sat in the House of Lords. He served as prime minister of Great Britain from 1742 until his death in 1743. He is considered to have been Britain's second prime minister, after Robert Walpole, but worked closely with the Secretary of State, Lord Carteret, in order to secure the support of the various factions making up the government.
Jeff Crowe
Jeffrey John Crowe (born 14 September 1958) is a former New Zealand cricketer. He played Test and One Day International cricket for New Zealand from 1983 to 1990, and first-class cricket for South Australia and then Auckland.

He has been an ICC match referee since 2004.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
G. D. Spradlin
Gervase Duan Spradlin (August 31, 1920 – July 24, 2011) was an American actor, attorney, and businessman. Known for his distinctive accent and voice, he often played devious authority figures or high ranking military officers. He is credited in over 70 television and film productions, and performed with actors such as Robby Benson, Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Garner, Charlton Heston, George C. Scott, Martin Sheen, and Johnny Depp. One of his best known roles was that of Senator Pat Geary in The Godfather Part II.

Robby Benson
Robby Benson (born Robin David Segal; January 21, 1956) is an American actor, director, and musician. He rose to prominence as a teen idol in the late 1970s, appearing in the films Ode to Billy Joe (1976), One on One (1977) and Ice Castles (1978). He subsequently garnered more fame for voicing the Beast in the Disney animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991) and its numerous sequels, spin-offs and most Disney media. He has also worked as a television director, including six episodes of the sitcom Friends. He recently appeared in a recurring role as Dr. Mauer in Apple TV+'s Severance.

In addition to acting and directing, Benson is an activist in the field of heart research, having undergone four open-heart surgeries since age 28 to correct congenital aortic valve defects and related damage. In 2012, he published a memoir recounting his medical journey and numerous surgeries.
Joe Fanning
Joseph Kevin Fanning (born 24 September 1970) is a Group 1 winning Irish jockey. He has won races at every flat racecourse in Great Britain and has twice been All-Weather Champion Jockey. Since the 1990s, he has been stable jockey to Mark Johnston, for whom he has won most of his races. He is the 7th winningmost jockey in British flat racing history and has the most winners of any jockey not to have won the Jockeys' Championship.

Middle Park Stakes
The Middle Park Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
1978–79 Kent Football League
The 1978–79 Kent Football League season was the thirteenth in the history of the Kent Football League, a football competition featuring teams based in and around the county of Kent in England.

Following the decision taken previously to form a second division from this season the League structure comprised two divisions: Division One (now for clubs' first teams only) and a newly formed Division Two (to take the reserves teams which were no longer permitted in Division One, however this division was not limited to just reserves teams) with the latter becoming known as the Reserves Section. Additionally there were two league cup competitions: the Challenge Cup for the Division One clubs and another for the teams in Division Two.

Faversham Town F.C.
Faversham Town Football Club is a football club based in Faversham, Kent, England. Nicknamed the 'Lilywhites' due to their white strip, they are currently members of the Isthmian League South East Division and play at Salters Lane.
Kirby Sigston
Kirby Sigston is a denucleated village and civil parish in  North Yorkshire, England, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Northallerton. The parish is situated on the Cod Beck river, and also includes the hamlet of Jeater Houses, east of the village on the A19 road, on the boundary with Thimbleby.

Northallerton
Northallerton (/nɔːrˈθælərtən/ nor-THAL-ər-tən) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is near the River Wiske in the Vale of Mowbray and had a population of 16,832 in 2011. Northallerton is an administrative centre for York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority and North Yorkshire Council.

There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times. That grew in importance from the 11th century when King William II gifted land there to the Bishop of Durham, and it became an important religious centre. The Battle of the Standard fought nearby in 1138 involved the death of up to 12,000 Scots.

Northallerton was an important stopping point for coaches on the road between Edinburgh and London until the arrival of the railway.
Reionization
In the fields of Big Bang theory and cosmology, reionization is the process that caused electrically neutral atoms in the primordial universe to reionize after the lapse of the "dark ages". 
Detecting and studying the reionization process is challenging but multiple avenues have been pursued. 
This reionization was driven by the formation of the first stars and galaxies.

Lyman series
In physics and chemistry, the Lyman series is a hydrogen spectral series of transitions and resulting ultraviolet emission lines of the hydrogen atom as an electron goes from n ≥ 2 to n = 1 (where n is the principal quantum number), the lowest energy level of the electron (groundstate). The transitions are named sequentially by Greek letters: from n = 2 to n = 1 is called Lyman-alpha, 3 to 1 is Lyman-beta, 4 to 1 is Lyman-gamma, and so on. The series is named after its discoverer, Theodore Lyman. The greater the difference in the principal quantum numbers, the higher the energy of the electromagnetic emission.
Božo Milanović
Msgr. Božo Milanović (October 10, 1890 – December 28, 1980) was a Croatian priest, theologian and politician from Istria. Along with Antonio Santin, Milanović was one of the greatest anti-fascists of Istria.

Antonio Santin
Antonio Santin, (9 December 1895 – 17 March 1981) was an Italian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Fiume (Italy) (10.08.1933 – 16.05.1938), Bishop of Capodistria/Koper (first Italy, then Yugoslavia) (16.05.1938 – 28.06.1975), Bishop of Trieste (Italy) (16.05.1938 – 28.06.1975), and was created Archbishop ad personam (13.07.1963 – death 17.03.1981).
1996–97 QMJHL season
The 1996–97 QMJHL season was the 28th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The league continues explore new markets as the Saint-Hyacinthe Laser move north to Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. The New Faces Cup is renamed the RDS Cup, for its new sponsor, Réseau des sports. Fourteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Hull Olympiques finished first overall in the regular season winning their third Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won their fourth President's Cup, defeating the Chicoutimi Saguenéens in the finals.

Jean Rougeau Trophy
The Jean Rougeau Trophy (French: Trophée Jean Rougeau) is awarded annually to the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League team that records the most points in the regular season. The trophy was named for former league president Jean Rougeau.
Amer Ali Khan
Amer Ali Khan (born 18 October 1973) is an Indian journalist and politician from Telangana. He was nominated as Member of Legislative Council (MLC) for Telangana Legislative Council under Governors quota in August 2024 and took oath as MLC on August 16.

The Siasat Daily
The Siasat Daily is an Indian newspaper published by the Siasat Press based in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana. It operates the digital news website Siasat and is the publisher of the Siasat English Weekly magazine and the Siasat Urdu Daily newspaper whose editions are also available as electronic papers.

The editions of the paper were formerly published by the Intekhab Press. The Intekhab Press continues to publish editions of the Siasat Urdu Daily. The publication has an advertising partnership with The Hindu, Eenadu and Daily Hindi Milap. It also operates the website dedicated to the writings of satirist Mujtaba Hussain, who was a columnist of the paper.
Valeri Bragin
Valeri Nikolayevich Bragin (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Брагин) (born May 31, 1956) is the current assistant coach of SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He is also a retired ice hockey forward. He is a former coach of the CSKA Moscow team in the KHL and the Russian national team. He is an ethnic Tatar.

Russia men's national junior ice hockey team
The Russian men's national under 20 ice hockey team is the national under-20 ice hockey team in Russia. The team represented Russia at the International Ice Hockey Federation's World Junior Hockey Championship, held annually every December and January. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation suspended Russia from all levels of competition.
Seminarium Fredericianum
60°23′34.796″N 5°19′56.035″E﻿ / ﻿60.39299889°N 5.33223194°E﻿ / 60.39299889; 5.33223194

The Seminarium Fredericianum or Bergen Daycare (Norwegian: Bergens barneasyl) is located at Asylplass 2 in Bergen's Bergenhus district and today it houses Norway's oldest preschool.

Norwegian rigsdaler
The rigsdaler specie was a unit of silver currency used in Norway from 1544, renamed as the speciedaler in 1816 and used until 1873. Norway used a common reichsthaler currency system shared with Denmark, Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein until 1873 when the gold standard was implemented in Scandinavia and the German Empire.
Certificate Authority Security Council
The Certificate Authority Security Council (CASC) is a multi-vendor industry advocacy group created to conduct research,  promote Internet security standards and educate the public on Internet security issues.

Internet security
Internet security is a branch of computer security focused on the Internet. It includes browser security, web application security, and network security as it applies to other applications or operating systems as a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to improve Internet safety and Internet privacy, including to protect against cyberattacks and cybercrime. The Internet is an inherently insecure channel for information exchange, with risk of intrusion and Internet fraud, including phishing, viruses, trojans, ransomware and worms.

Many countermeasures are used to combat Internet security threats and web threats, including encryption and ground-up engineering.
Inuit Nunangat University
Inuit Nunangat University is a proposed public university in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. The university's main campus will be based in Arviat, although the institution plans to open "regional knowledge centres" or "satellite campuses" in the Northwest Territories and Quebec. Once opened, the institution will be the second university based in northern Canada (after Yukon University) and the first dedicated to Inuit students and education. It will also be the second post-secondary institution in the territory, after Nunavut Arctic College.

Yukon University
Yukon University (formerly Yukon College) is a public university in the Canadian territory of Yukon. The university main campus is based in Whitehorse, although the institution also operates 12 campuses throughout the territory. The university confers bachelor's degrees, diplomas, certificates as well as trades and vocational training and adult basic education. The institution is currently the only university based in northern Canada.

The institution traces its origins to the Whitehorse Vocational and Technical Training Centre established in 1963; it was renamed as the Yukon Vocational and Training Centre in 1965. The institution operated as a post-secondary education centre, providing vocational training for its students. During the 1980s, the institution was reorganized as a college. The institution operated as Yukon College until the institution was reorganized into a university in 2020, the first university in any of Canada's northern territories.
2018 Città di Como Challenger
The 2018 Città di Como Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Como, Italy between 27 August – 2 September 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Æthelberht of Whithorn
Æthelberht (Old English: Æðelberht; died 797) was an 8th-century Anglo-Saxon bishop. His consecration as Bishop of Whithorn can be placed using the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle on 15 June in either 776 or 777, and took place at York. In 789, 790 or 791 he became Bishop of Hexham; he was succeeded at Whithorn by Beadwulf. He died on 16 October 797. He is known to have corresponded with Alcuin.

Bishop of Hexham
The Bishop of Hexham was an episcopal title which took its name after the market town of Hexham in Northumberland, England. The title was first used by the Anglo-Saxons in the 7th and 9th centuries, and then by the Roman Catholic Church since the 19th century.
Mbula language
Mbula (also known as Mangap-Mbula, Mangaaba, Mangaawa, Mangaava, Kaimanga) is an Austronesian language spoken by around 2,500 people on Umboi Island and Sakar Island in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. Its basic word order is subject–verb–object; it has a nominative–accusative case-marking strategy.

Oceanic languages
The Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are estimated to have only two million native speakers. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc").
Alina Smith
Alina Smith (born August 25, 1987) is a Russian-American pop singer, songwriter and, record producer. She is a co-founder of the music writing and production company Lyre, and she has written and produced songs for artists including Betty Who, Itzy, Kep1er, Gabi DeMartino and Red Velvet.

Niki and Gabi
Niki and Gabi (born May 5, 1995) is an American duo composed of twin sisters Niki DeMar and Gabi DeMartino. They rose to prominence following the creation of their YouTube channel, where they posted covers and vlogs. They partnered with Awesomeness to produce several web shows, including their self-titled reality series which has run for five seasons. They made their acting debut in the 2016 comedy-drama film Dance Camp, and their official debut single "First" was released in 2017.

In 2018, the duo won their first Streamy Award in the category of fashion. The same year, they released their debut extended play, Individual, which peaked at two Billboard charts. Their last single before starting their solo careers "Hair Tie" was released in 2019. Niki released two extended plays titled Nights Alone (2021) and Ruined My Life (2023), while Gabi released one studio album, Paintings of Me (2022) and one extended play, Gabroadway (2020).
Rock & Roast
Rock & Roast (Chinese: 脱口秀大会; pinyin: Tuōkǒuxiù Dàhuì),  is a Chinese online stand-up comedy competition series produced by Shanghai Xiaoguo Culture Media Co., Ltd. (笑果文化) in partnership with Tencent Video. Premiering in 2017, the show features amateur and professional comedians performing original stand-up routines, often drawing from personal experiences, social issues, and everyday absurdities in contemporary Chinese life. It has become a cornerstone of China's burgeoning stand-up comedy scene, credited with popularizing the genre among urban youth and fostering a new generation of performers. As of 2022, the series had aired five seasons, amassing billions of views while sparking discussions on humor, gender, and censorship.

Li Haoshi controversy
On 13 May 2023, while performing in Beijing, Chinese stand-up comedian Li Haoshi (Chinese: 李昊石; pinyin: Lǐ Hàoshí) used a Chinese military slogan ("capable of winning battles, and have good style") to praise his pet dogs. For these remarks, he was accused of insulting the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Li and the comedy firm he worked with faced severe consequences: the firm was heavily fined and banned from future performances and Li's contract was terminated. On 17 May 2023, the Chaoyang branch of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau issued a statement claiming that they had opened a case to investigate the event, leading to the possibility of the matter escalating into a criminal case.
William Ryan (Irish politician)
William Ryan (21 September 1921 – 2 January 1994) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician from County Tipperary. He was a senator from 1961 to 1989.

Born in Kilfeacle, County Tipperary, Ryan was elected in 1961 to the 10th Seanad on the Agricultural Panel. He was re-elected eight times, until he stood down at the 1989 election to the 19th Seanad.

Ryan also stood as a Fianna Fáil candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Tipperary South constituency at three  successive general elections: 1965, 1969, 1973. He was unsuccessful on each occasion.

10th Seanad
The 10th Seanad was in office from 1961 to 1965. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1961 general election to the 19th Dáil. The senators served until the close of the poll for the 11th Seanad in 1965.
Supreme Court of Puntland
The Supreme Court of Puntland was established under Presidential Decree Lr. 21 of 30 March 2022, as part of the Puntland Government's structure which includes the judiciary, legislative (House of Representatives), and the executive (the President, vice president and his nominated council of Ministries). The judiciary, including the Supreme Court, plays a crucial role in the legal structure of Puntland, ensuring the administration of justice and adherence to the Puntland Constitution.

The Chief Executive of Puntland Supreme Court is Ahmed Mohamed Yusuf, who was appointed in March 2022.

President of Puntland
The president of Puntland is the head of government and state of Puntland. The Presidency was elected by the House of Representatives of Puntland behind establishing the Puntland State in Somalia on 1 August 1998.
Gaius Salvius Liberalis
Gaius Salvius Liberalis Nonius Bassus (fl. 80s CE) was a Roman senator and general, who held civil office in Britain and was a member of the Arval Brethren. He was suffect consul in the last nundinium of 85, with Cornelius Orestes as his colleague.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
1999–2000 Biathlon World Cup
The 1999–2000 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 2 December 1999 in Hochfilzen, Austria, and ended on 19 March 2000 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. It was the 23rd season of the Biathlon World Cup.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.