hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of machine learning
The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, machine learning:

Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory. In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". ML involves the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data. These algorithms operate by building a model from a training set of example observations to make data-driven predictions or decisions expressed as outputs, rather than following strictly static program instructions.

Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems via biologically inspired operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Some examples of GA applications include optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference.
Wilbur Cross High School
Wilbur Cross High School is a four-year public high school in the East Rock neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut, United States, serving ninth through twelfth grades. The school is named after Connecticut Governor Wilbur Lucius Cross and is the largest school in the New Haven Public Schools in the number of students as well as teachers. The school operates with two semesters and four marking periods.

Southern Connecticut Conference
The Southern Connecticut Conference (SCC) is a high school athletics conference in Connecticut. The conference comprises schools located along the Long Island Sound in the New Haven area.  The SCC is composed of 23 high schools, representing 16 communities, with over 23,000 students.
RR Coronae Borealis
RR Coronae Borealis (RR CrB, HD 140297, HIP 76844) is a M3-type semiregular variable star located in the constellation Corona Borealis with a parallax of 2.93mas being a distance of 341 parsecs (1,110 ly). It varies between magnitudes 7.3 and 8.2 over 60.8 days. Located around 1228 light-years distant, it shines with a luminosity approximately 2180 times that of the Sun and has a surface temperature of 3309 K.

In 1907 it was announced that Williamina Fleming had discovered that the star, listed then as BD +39° 2901, is a variable star. She had determined that from the examination of 26 photographic plates taken from 1892 to 1907. It was given its variable star designation, RR Coronae Borealis, in 1908.

Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)
Regional entity
A regional entity (RE) in the North American power transmission grid is a regional organization representing all segments of the electric industry:  electric utilities (investor-owned, cooperatives, state, regional, and municipal), federal agencies, independent power producers, power market operators, and end-users of the energy. North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) delegates to REs authority to enforce reliability standards (which NERC has throughout the contiguous United States), collectively REs, together with NERC, are known as an "ERO Enterprise" (from the Electric Reliability Organization).

North American power transmission grid
The electrical power grid that powers Northern America is not a single grid, but is instead divided into multiple wide area synchronous grids. The Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection are the largest. Three other regions include the Texas Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection, and the Alaska Interconnection. Each region delivers power at a nominal 60 Hz frequency.

The regions are not usually directly connected or synchronized to each other, but there exist some HVDC interconnectors. The Eastern and Western grids are connected via seven links that allow 1.32 GW to flow between them. A study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory found that increasing these interconnections would save energy costs.
1981 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
The 1981 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup, taking place in Brussels, was the eighth edition of Europe's premier field hockey club competition. It was the first edition were two divisions were established. Otherwise, the competition format established in 1977 was preserved.

It was won by HC Klein Zwitserland in a final match against SKA Sverdlovsk, which was the revelation of the competition considering Soviet hockey, represented by Dynamo Almaty, had failed to rank among the top 8 clubs in previous editions. It was the Dutch club's 2nd European Champions Cup trophy. Barcelona's Real Club de Polo attained the 3rd place by defeating defending champions Slough HC.

1977 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
The 1977 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup, taking place in London, was the fourth edition of Europe's premier field hockey club competition. It was won by hosts and defending champions Southgate Hockey Club from London.
Borja Viguera
Borja Viguera Manzanares (born 26 March 1987) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He achieved totals of 51 games and three goals in La Liga for Real Sociedad, Athletic Bilbao and Sporting de Gijón. He also made 100 Segunda División appearances and scored 28 goals for five clubs, finishing as top scorer for the 2013–14 season for Alavés.

2012–13 Segunda División B
The 2012–13 Segunda División B season was the 36th since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 26 August 2012, and the league phase ended on 19 May 2013. The entire season ended on 30 June 2013 with the promotion play-off finals.
Uninett
Uninett was a state-owned company responsible for Norway's national research and education network. In 2022, Uninett was merged into Sikt.

The centre of operations was located at Teknobyen Innovation Centre in Trondheim. Uninett had approximately 100 employees. Any non-commercial research or educational institution such as libraries, archives and schools could be connected for a yearly fee.

National research and education network
A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings, while others have evolved into fully fledged digital transformation agencies for their respective national governments.
Luigi Aloisio Riccio
Luigi Aloisio Riccio was a Sicilian Bishop in the Roman Catholic Church. He was one of two (the other being Edward Fitzgerald) to vote against the doctrine of papal infallibility, which received 533 votes in support, in the 1870 First Vatican Council.

Edward Fitzgerald (bishop)
Edward Mary Fitzgerald (October 28, 1833—February 21, 1907) was an Irish-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Little Rock in Arkansas from 1867 until his death in 1907.
Botsford, Connecticut
Botsford is a village of Newtown in Fairfield County, Connecticut,  United States. The town of Newtown has one political body, but consists of multiple geographic subdivisions. It currently contains a fire department and post office. CT 25 runs along the western part of the village. Botsford was listed as a census-designated place prior to the 2020 census.

Robert Winkler, naturalist and author of Going Wild: Adventures with Birds in the Suburban Wilderness, is a resident.

The Connecticut Green Industries Council, a partner of UConn in the NextGenCT project is headquartered in town. The council also routinely testifies on agricultural and certain local matters to the Connecticut General Assembly.

Connecticut Route 25
Route 25 is a 28.59-mile (46.01 km), primary state highway connecting the city of Bridgeport and the town of Brookfield in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Route 25 is a six-lane freeway from Bridgeport to northern Trumbull and a two-lane surface road the rest of the way to Brookfield.

Route 25 was originally laid out as a toll road known as the Bridgeport and Newtown Turnpike in 1801. The Route 25 designation was assigned in 1932 to the turnpike alignment and additionally extended through New Milford all the way to Torrington. The route was cut back to its modern northern terminus in Brookfield in 1974, with U.S. Route 202 taking over the old alignment. The Bridgeport-Newtown corridor had been planned as a freeway since the 1950s. The modern Route 25 freeway was fully open by 1982.
Massilia niabensis
Massilia niabensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium  from the genus Massilia and family  Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia niastensis from air samples from Suwon in Korea. Colonies  of M. niabensis are yellowish white.

Oxalobacteraceae
The Oxalobacteraceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Like all Pseudomonadota, Oxalobacteraceae are Gram-negative. The family includes strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) members. The cells are curved, vibroid, or straight rod-shaped.
Police vehicles in Hong Kong
Police vehicles in Hong Kong are vehicles of the Hong Kong Police Force, vehicles differ considerably depending on the duties of the departments that the vehicle is assigned to. One of the most commonly seen police vehicles in Hong Kong is the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter police van, which is mostly used by district stations and the Emergency Unit, one of the roles expected of it is rapid response to 999 emergency calls with regards to road safety and public safety.

BMW R1200RT
The BMW R1200RT is a touring or sport touring motorcycle that was manufactured from 2005 to 2019 by BMW Motorrad to replace the R1150RT model. It features a 1,170 cc (71 cu in) flat-twin engine with a six-speed gearbox and shaft drive.
Ballacrye Corner
Ballacrye (Manx: [baləˈkʰɾaːi], "Crye's farm") is situated adjacent to the 19th Milestone of the TT Course, on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey road at the junction with the B9 Ballacrye Road, in the parish of Ballaugh in the Isle of Man.

Ballaugh (parish)
Ballaugh (/bəˈlæf/ bə-LAF; Manx: Balley ny Loghey) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man.

It is located on the west of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Michael.
Hack (horse)
Hack within the activity of equestrianism commonly refers to one of two things: as a verb, it describes the act of pleasure riding for light exercise, and as a breed (Hackney/hack), it is a type of horse used for riding and pulling carriages. The term is sometimes used to describe certain types of exhibition or horse show classes where quality and good manners of the horse are particularly important.

Hackney horse
The Hackney is a recognized breed of horse that was developed in Great Britain. In recent decades, the breeding of the Hackney has been directed toward producing horses that are ideal for carriage driving. They are an elegant high stepping breed of carriage horse that is popular for showing in harness events. Hackneys possess good stamina, and are capable of trotting at high speed for extended periods of time.
Dastar
A dastār is an item of headwear associated with Sikhism and Sikh culture. The word is loaned from Persian through Punjabi. In Persian, the word dastār can refer to any kind of turban and replaced the original word for turban, dolband (دلبند), from which the English word is derived.

Among the Sikhs, the dastār is an article of faith that represents equality, honour, self-respect, courage, spirituality, and piety. The Khalsa Sikh men and women, who keep the Five Ks, wear the turban to cover their long, uncut hair (kesh). The Sikhs regard the dastār as an important part of the unique Sikh identity. After the ninth Sikh Guru, Tegh Bahadur, was sentenced to death by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru created the Khalsa and gave five articles of faith, one of which is unshorn hair, which the dastār covers.

Nihang
The Nihang (also spelt as Nihung lit. "Crocodiles") or Akali (lit. "Immortals"), also known as Dal Khalsa, is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihangs are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akal Sena" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by Guru Hargobind. Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the Sikh Empire, the Sikh Khalsa Army.
Glocal University
Glocal University is a private and coeducational institution located in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated in the foothills of Shivalik mountains. The university is a non-profit university established by the Uttar Pradesh Private Universities Act, 2011, (U.P. Act no. 2 of 2012) and is recognised by University Grant Commission. In keeping with its vision of Global canvass, local colours, the school's name is a portmanteau of "global" and "local". The university's 6 major schools offer more than 35 undergraduate, post-graduate, and professional courses. In 2023, Glocal signed an MoU with Noida-based MEKO Health Care Pvt. Ltd. The collaboration aims to enhance the learning support system for healthcare professionals in India and globally by sharing resources for effective upskilling and vocational programs, focusing on digital learning, hands-on training, awarding certifications, degrees, diplomas, and fellowships and sharing infrastructure and technical expertise.

Bachelor of Business Administration
A Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is an undergraduate degree in business administration awarded by colleges and universities after completion of four years and typically 120 credits of undergraduate study in the fundamentals of business administration.
Coast Highway station
Coast Highway station is a station in Oceanside, California. It is served by North County Transit District's Sprinter hybrid rail line. The station is located at 13041⁄2 S. Tremont Street. It consists of a single platform and track.

Oceanside, California
Oceanside is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city had a population of 174,068 at the 2020 United States census, making it the most populous city in the North County region of San Diego. The city is a popular tourist destination, owing to its historic landmarks, beaches, and architecture.

Oceanside's origins date to 1798, when the Spanish founded the village of San Luis Rey with the establishment of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia by Fermín de Lasuén. During the Spanish period, Mission San Luis Rey grew to be the largest of all the Californian missions, but following the Mexican secularization act of 1833 the mission and its community declined. Following the U.S. conquest of California, the former mission lands were developed into an oceanfront resort and the community's name gradually changed to Oceanside.
Biggin (Dovedale and Parwich Ward)
Biggin is a village in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England.  It is part of the Hartington Nether Quarter parish, and is in the Peak District National Park.

It is just off the A515 road between Ashbourne and Buxton. National Cycle Network routes 68 and 548 pass through the village.

Biggin was once known as Newbiggin, when it had a monastic settlement of the Cistercian order, established by the monks of Garendon Abbey, Leicestershire. The monks established a sheep ranch at Biggin Grange, which still has one ancient outbuilding. Farming is still important to the village, though at one time (18th century) it was also a centre of lead mining. When the lead started to be worked out, there was a migration of lead miners to Upper Teesdale, and they probably took the name Newbiggin there. Today tourism is an important industry alongside farming.

Buxton
Buxton is a spa town in the borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is England's highest market town, sited at some 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level. It lies close to Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, on the edge of the Peak District National Park. In 1974, the municipal borough merged with other nearby boroughs, including Glossop, to form the local government district and borough of High Peak.

The town population was 20,048 at the 2021 Census (down from 21,108 at the 2011 Census). Sights include Poole's Cavern, a limestone cavern; St Ann's Well, fed by a geothermal spring bottled by Buxton Natural Mineral Water (owned by Nestle); and many historic buildings, including John Carr's restored Buxton Crescent, Henry Currey's Buxton Baths and Frank Matcham's Buxton Opera House. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby occupies historic premises. Buxton is twinned with Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany.
13th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps
The 13th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps, (13th KRRC) was an infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It served on the Western Front from July 1915 until the Armistice, seeing action at the Somme and the Ancre, at Arras and Ypres, against the German spring offensive, and in the victorious Hundred Days Offensive. It was finally disbanded on the Rhine in August 1920.

Heuvelland
Heuvelland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦøːvəlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the villages of Dranouter, Kemmel, De Klijte, Loker, Nieuwkerke, Westouter, Wijtschate and Wulvergem. Heuvelland is a thinly populated rural municipality, located between the small urban centres of Ypres and Poperinge and the metropolitan area of Kortrijk-Lille along the E17. On 1 January 2006 Heuvelland had a total population of 8,217. The total area is 94.24 km2 which gives a population density of 87 inhabitants per km2. The name heuvelland is Dutch meaning "hill country", as the municipality is characterized by the different hills on its territory.
Greg Jarvis (musician)
Greg Jarvis is a Toronto-born musician and composer best known for his work leading the orchestral rock group the Flowers Of Hell. His various projects as a musician have received acclaim from members of The Velvet Underground, The Patti Smith Group, the Sex Pistols, The Clash, My Bloody Valentine, and Spacemen 3/Spiritualized. Jarvis's compositions are largely informed by timbre-to-shape synesthesia, a neurological trait which causes him to involuntarily see all sounds as layers of three dimensional shapes.

Jack Kerouac School
The Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics is a school of Naropa University, located in Boulder, Colorado, United States. It was founded in 1974 by Allen Ginsberg and Anne Waldman, as part of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche’s 100-year experiment and named after the Beat writer Jack Kerouac.
Re, Norway
Re is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 225-square-kilometre (87 sq mi) municipality existed from 2000 until its dissolution in 2020. The area is now part of Tønsberg Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Revetal. Other villages in the municipality included Ramnes, Brekkeåsen, Bergsåsen, Gretteåsen, Undrumsdal, Fon, Vivestad.

Prior to its dissolution in 2020, the 225-square-kilometre (87 sq mi) municipality was the 316th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Re had a population of 9,730. The municipality's population density is 43.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (112/sq mi).

The river Aulielva ran through the municipality. The highest point in Re was Snippane with an elevation of 400 m (1,312 ft). Snippane was located along the border with Lardal Municipality, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the village of Hof.

Fon, Norway
Fon is a village in Tønsberg Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west of the village of Svinevoll, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the northwest of the village of Revetal, and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the northwest of the city of Tønsberg.

The area is a fairly rural, agricultural area. Fon hosts a small music festival called Revårock, held here since 2002. Fon Church is located in the village.
EG (magazine)
EG is a magazine which publishes endgame studies and discusses various aspects of the endgame in chess. The letters "EG" signify "End Game" and also the Latin phrase exempli gratia.  While many chess magazines include sections for endgame studies, EG is unique for its exclusive focus.

Endgame study
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather than played in an actual game—where the goal is to find the essentially unique way for one side (usually White) to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side plays. If the study does not end in the end of the game, then the game's eventual outcome should be obvious, and White can have a selection of various moves. There is no limit to the number of moves which are allowed to achieve the win; this distinguishes studies from the genre of direct mate problems (e.g. "mate in 2"). Such problems also differ qualitatively from the very common genre of tactical puzzles based around the middlegame, often based on an actual game, where a decisive tactic must be found.
Triple Divide Peak (Madera County, California)
Triple Divide Peak is a mountain on the boundary between Yosemite National Park and the Ansel Adams Wilderness in Madera County, California. It is located 0.7 miles (1.1 km) north of Walton Lake and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) southeast of Merced Peak. Its name refers to the fact that it lies on the boundaries of three distinct watersheds, namely those of the Merced, South Fork Merced, and San Joaquin rivers.

Ansel Adams Wilderness
The Ansel Adams Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Sierra Nevada of California, United States. The wilderness spans 231,533 acres (93,698 ha); 33.9% of the territory lies in the Inyo National Forest, 65.8% is in the Sierra National Forest, and the remaining 0.3% covers nearly all of Devils Postpile National Monument. Yosemite National Park lies to the north and northwest, while the John Muir Wilderness lies to the south.
Pterostylis simulans
Pterostylis simulans is a species of orchid which is endemic to South Australia.

It was first described in 2014 by Robert John Bates. The species epithet, simulans, refers to the orchid's similarity to both the taller Pterostylis excelsa and to the more delicate P. cobarensis.

Pterostylis excelsa
Pterostylis excelsa, commonly known as tall rustyhood, or dry land green-hood is a flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It has a rosette of leaves and when flowering, up to twenty green or brown flowers which lean forward and have a thick, fleshy, partly hairy, insect-like labellum.