hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of the Navy (France)
The Ministry of the Navy (French: Ministère de la Marine) was a section of the French government – apart from the Ministry of War – that was in charge of the French navy and colonies.

The ministry combined the administration of the navy, the colonies like New France and seaborne trade helping for example the French East India Company. A widely held view at the time was that for states to be powerful, wealthy and prestigious, colonies in the New World need to be maintained for their consequent trade. The maintenance of colonies through naval operations not only served to improve the stature of the state, but was also helpful in destroying their European rivals in North America.

After the Second World War, the Ministry of the Navy was merged with the War Ministry, absorbing the role of the Minister of the Navy and Colonies, with a Minister of National Defence directing the entire military French forces.

Ponant Fleet
The Ponant Fleet (French: Flotte du Ponant) was the designation under the Ancien Regime for the naval vessels of the Royal French Navy in the English Channel, Atlantic Ocean and Americas, the latter principally in the French West Indies and New France. The fleet carried out operations such as asserting naval supremacy and protecting convoys. Its counterpart was the Levant Fleet, based in the Mediterranean Sea.
Azygocypridina lowryi
Azygocypridina lowryi, colloquially known as the baked bean, is a species of ostracod crustacean or "seed shrimp" in the family Cypridinidae. It is found in deep waters off the east coast of Australia.

Cypridinidae
Cypridinidae is a family of ostracods. About half of all known species are bioluminescent. Some use the light only for defence, others also for courtship displays. The lineages with sexually dimorphic bioluminescent displays have more species other lineages, which indicates that  bioluminescent courtship could increase the diversification rates.

The family contains the following genera:
Sara Berner
Sara Berner (born Lillian Ann Herdan; January 12, 1912 – December 19, 1969) was an American actress. Known for her expertise in dialect and characterization, she began her career as a performer in vaudeville before becoming a voice actress for radio and animated shorts. She starred in her own radio show on NBC, Sara's Private Caper, and was best known as telephone operator Mabel Flapsaddle on The Jack Benny Program.

Columnist Erskine Johnson described Berner in 1944 as "the most famous voice in Hollywood."

The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour
The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour (also known as The Rudy Vallée Show, The Fleischmann Yeast Hour, and The Fleischmann Hour) was a pioneering musical variety radio program broadcast on NBC from 1929 to 1936, when it became The Royal Gelatin Hour, continuing until 1939.  This program was sponsored by Fleischmann’s Yeast, a popular brand of yeast.

The person responsible for this major step ahead in broadcasting was NBC executive Bertha Brainard, who became head of programming for NBC in 1928. She began pushing for singer-bandleader Rudy Vallée to host a variety series by explaining that only a woman could understand the appeal of Vallée's voice.
Arthrocaulon
Arthrocaulon is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

Its native range is Macaronesia, Mediterranean to Arabian Peninsula and Senegal, Angola.

Species:

Arthrocaulon franzii (Sukhor.) Piirainen & G.Kadereit

Arthrocaulon macrostachyum (Moric.) Piirainen & G.Kadereit

Arthrocaulon meridionalis Est.Ramírez, Rufo, Sánchez Mata & Fuente

Arthrocaulon macrostachyum
Arthrocaulon macrostachyum, synonym Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is native to coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea and parts of the Middle East, where it grows in coastal and inland salt marshes, alkali flats, and other habitats with saline soils.
Première Ligue Player of the Month
The Première Ligue Player of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best adjudged Première Ligue player each month of the season.

The award was created by French Football Federation in September 2020 as Division 1 Féminine Player of the Month with the support of league's title sponsors Arkema and television right holders Canal+. It is currently known as Arkema Première Ligue Player of the Month due to sponsorship reasons. In October 2021, UNFP joined other sponsors to become a partner of the trophy. The winner is chosen by a combination of votes from players of Division 1 Féminine clubs and online public vote.

The most recent recipient of the award is Nantes player Lucie Calba, who won the award in December 2025.

Union Nationale des Footballeurs Professionnels
The Union Nationale des Footballeurs Professionnels (UNFP; English: National Union of Professional Footballers) is the main trade union for professional football players in France. It was founded on 16 November 1961 by Eugène N'Jo Léa and Just Fontaine, two footballers, and Jacques Bertrand, a jurist. As of May 2021, the presidents of the UNFP are Philippe Piat and Sylvain Kastendeuch.

Each month, a trophy is awarded by the UNFP to the best players in Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. At the end of each season, the Trophées UNFP awards the best Ligue 1, Ligue 2, and Division 1 Féminine players, managers and referees of the season. Since 1990, during the summer, the UNFP organizes training sessions for players whose contracts have ended but have not found new teams.
Boris Souvarine
Boris Souvarine (born Boris Konstantinovich Lifschitz, 1 November 1895 – 1 November 1984), also known as Varine, was a French Marxist, communist activist, essayist and journalist.

A founding member of the French Communist Party, Souvarine is noted for being the only non-Bolshevik communist to have been a member of all three leading bodies of the Comintern for three years in succession. He famously authored the first biography of Joseph Stalin, published in 1935 as Staline, Aperçu Historique du Bolchévisme (Stalin, Historic Overview of Bolshevism) and kept close correspondence with Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky until their deaths.

His nonconformism and early criticism of Stalin made him break away from the party in 1924. In the decades that followed, Souvarine continued publishing as a leading Sovietologist and anti-Stalinist. He was also the founder of the Institute of Social History and an author, historian, publisher and journalist.

Panait Istrati
Panait Istrati (Romanian: [panaˈit isˈtrati]; sometimes rendered as Panaït Istrati; (August 10, 1884 – April 16, 1935) was a Romanian working class writer, who wrote in French and Romanian, nicknamed The Maxim Gorky of the Balkans. Istrati appears to be the first Romanian author explicitly depicting a homosexual character in his work.

Although he lived and worked mainly in Romania, due to his impact on French literature, Istrati is sometimes also labeled as "French writer".
Public participation in patent examination
The involvement of the public in patent examination is used in some forms to help identifying relevant prior art and, more generally, to help assessing whether patent applications and inventions meet the requirements of patent law, such as novelty, inventive step or non-obviousness, and sufficiency of disclosure.

Sufficiency of disclosure
Sufficiency of disclosure or enablement is a patent law requirement that a patent application disclose a claimed invention in sufficient detail so that the person skilled in the art could carry out that claimed invention. The requirement is fundamental to patent law: a monopoly is granted for a given period of time in exchange for a disclosure to the public how to make or practice the invention.
Nonlinear programming
In mathematics, nonlinear programming (NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function. An optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema (maxima, minima or stationary points) of an objective function over a set of unknown real variables and conditional to the satisfaction of a system of equalities and inequalities, collectively termed constraints. It is the sub-field of mathematical optimization that deals with problems that are not linear.

Convex optimization
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets).  Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.
.40 S&W
The .40 S&W is a rimless pistol cartridge developed jointly by American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester in 1990. The .40 S&W was developed as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate the performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9 mm size) semi-automatic handguns. It uses 0.40-inch-diameter (10 mm) bullets ranging in weight from 105 to 200 grains (6.8 to 13.0 g).

Centerfire ammunition
A center-fire (or centerfire) is a type of metallic cartridge used in firearms, where the primer is located at the center of the base of its casing (i.e. "case head").  Unlike rimfire cartridges, the centerfire primer is typically a separate component seated into a recessed cavity (known as the primer pocket) in the case head and is replaceable by reloading the cartridge.

Centerfire cartridges have supplanted the rimfire cartridge, with the exception of a few small calibers. The majority of today's handguns, rifles, and shotguns use centerfire ammunition, with the exception of some .17 caliber, .20 caliber, and .22 caliber rimfire handgun and rifle cartridges, a few small-bore/gauge shotgun shells (intended mainly for use in pest control), and a handful of antiquated rimfire and pinfire cartridges for various firearm actions.
Mittelberg (Thuringian Highland)
The Mittelberg (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪtl̩bɛʁk]) is an 803.6 m high (above sea level) mountain located in the Thuringian Highland, Thuringia (Germany).

It is located close to the municipalities of Piesau and Lichte and the Leibis-Lichte Dam in the  Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district in the Thuringian Forest Nature Park.

The section of the Rennsteig walkway between Neuhaus am Rennweg, Ernstthal am Rennsteig, and Spechtsbrunn runs close to the mountain.

Lichte
Lichte (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪçtə] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Sonneberg in Thuringia, Germany, close to the Thuringian Rennsteig. Formerly in the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, it is part of the town Neuhaus am Rennweg since January 2019.
FIBA EuroChallenge individual statistics
This article contains the individual statistics of players in the FIBA EuroChallenge competition. The FIBA EuroChallenge was the 3rd-tier level European-wide professional basketball league. The league is now defunct.

FIBA EuroChallenge
FIBA EuroChallenge (called the FIBA Europe League in 2003–05, and FIBA EuroCup in 2005–08) was the 3rd-tier continental club basketball competition in Europe, from 2003 to 2015. It was organized and run by FIBA Europe. It is not to be confused with the FIBA EuroCup Challenge – the defunct 4th-tier competition, which was also organized and run by FIBA Europe, played between 2002–03 and 2006–07. In 2015, FIBA dissolved the EuroChallenge, in order to start the Basketball Champions League (BCL) and FIBA Europe Cup (FEC), in order to extend opportunities outside the competitions organized by the Euroleague Basketball.
Local government in Jordan
The local government in Jordan is represented by the governors and the executive council of the 12 governorates that are appointed by the central government. There are also 100 municipal councils represented by 355 local councils.

Local council (Jordan)
Local council (Arabic: المجلس المحلي Al-Majlis Al-Mahali) is the elected assembly of a locality in Jordan. The first local councils were established in Jordan in 1925, and were elected consistently till today.

The latest amendment to the Municipalities law divided the Kingdom into 100 municipalities; 82 municipalities with 355 local councils, and 18 municipalities with none (due to their small size). Each local council consists of 5 members, including at least one woman. The highest voted for members of the local council is assigned a seat in the municipal council, whose number depends on what is assigned to each local council.
Lymphater's Formula
"Lymphater's Formula" (Polish: "Formula Lymphatera") is a 1961 science fiction short story by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. It is a story of a "mad scientist", mathematician Ammon Lymphater, who  invents an artificial intelligence, and then he realizes that it is  capable of rendering the humankind obsolete.

It was first published in the 1961 collection Księga robotów (Book of Robots) with the pre-annotation "from the memoirs of Ijon Tichy". The story was never republished with this pre-annotation, and nothing in the novel gives any indication at Ijon Tichy. Piotr Krywak tried to figure out possible explanations for this, apart from a typographical error.

Artificial intelligence in fiction
Artificial intelligence is a recurrent theme in science fiction, whether utopian, emphasising the potential benefits, or dystopian, emphasising the dangers.

The notion of machines with human-like intelligence dates back at least to Samuel Butler's 1872 novel Erewhon. Since then, many science fiction stories have presented different effects of creating such intelligence, often involving rebellions by robots. Among the best known of these are Stanley Kubrick's 1968 2001: A Space Odyssey with its murderous onboard computer HAL 9000, contrasting with the more benign R2-D2 in George Lucas's 1977 Star Wars and the eponymous robot in Pixar's 2008 WALL-E.

Scientists and engineers have noted the implausibility of many science fiction scenarios, but have mentioned fictional robots many times in artificial intelligence research articles, most often in a utopian context.
Cheremoshna, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Cheremoshna (Ukrainian: Черемошна) is a village in the Biloberizka rural hromada of the Verkhovyna Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Verkhovyna Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Verkhovyna Raion.

Biloberizka rural hromada
Biloberizka rural territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Білоберізька сільська територіальна громада, romanized: Biloberizka silska terytorialna hromada) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located in Verkhovyna Raion in the country's western Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.

The size of the hromada is 353.8 km2 (136.6 mi2). It has a population of 2,779 (as of 2023). Biloberizka rural hromada was originally established as an amalgamated hromada in March 2016 before it was re-established in its current form in 2020.
Quinton, Northamptonshire
Quinton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Northampton town centre along the road from Wootton to Hanslope, near Salcey Forest.

The village's name means 'Queen's farm/settlement'; or perhaps 'farm/settlement of Cwena' or 'woman's farm/settlement'.

Salcey Forest
Salcey Forest is a fragment of a former medieval hunting forest east of the village of Hartwell, between Northampton and Newport Pagnell in Northamptonshire. It is managed by Forestry England and to promote biodiversity, and is also commercially exploited for timber products. The eastern third of the forest, an area of 159.6 hectares, is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
Magdeburg-Wittenberge railway
The Magdeburg-Wittenberge railway is a two-track, electrified main line in the east of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened in 1849 by the Magdeburg-Wittenberge Railway Company, which operated it until 1863, when it was taken over by the Magdeburg-Halberstadt Railway Company. It was nationalised in 1879.

Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof
Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof (German for Magdeburg main station, sometimes translated as Magdeburg Central Station) is the main railway station in the city of Magdeburg in the northern part of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
Hirneolina
Hirneolina is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are effused, waxy, and occur on dead wood. Only the type species, described from Ecuador and reported from Brazil, is currently confirmed as belonging to the genus.

Auriculariales
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.
Kalkitoxin
Kalkitoxin, a toxin derived from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, induces NMDA receptor mediated neuronal necrosis, blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels, and induces cellular hypoxia by inhibiting the electron transport chain (ETC) complex 1.

Methine group
In organic chemistry, a methine group or methine bridge is a trivalent functional group =CH−, derived formally from methane. It consists of a carbon atom bound by two single bonds and one double bond, where one of the single bonds is to a hydrogen. The group is also called methyne  or methene, but its IUPAC systematic name is methylylidene or methanylylidene.

This group is sometimes called "methylidyne", however that name belongs properly to either the methylidyne group ≡CH (connected to the rest of the molecule by a triple bond) or to the methylidyne radical ⫶CH (the two atoms as a free molecule with dangling bonds).

The name "methine" is also widely used in non-systematic nomenclature for the methanetriyl group (IUPAC): a carbon atom with four single bonds, where one bond is to a hydrogen atom (>CH−).
Tornado Range
Tornado Range is a 1948 American Western film directed by Ray Taylor and written by William Lively. The film stars Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Jennifer Holt, George Chesebro, Buster Slaven and Marshall Reed. The film was released on February 21, 1948, by Eagle-Lion Films.

Eagle-Lion Films
Eagle-Lion Films was the name of two distinct, though related, companies. In 1944, UK film magnate J. Arthur Rank created an American distribution company with the name to handle his British films. The following year, under a reciprocal distribution arrangement with Rank, the U.S. company Pathé Industries, which already owned the small Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC) studio, established an Eagle-Lion Films production subsidiary, while Rank's American business dropped the name. PRC, with its existing distribution exchanges, handled releases in the U.S. When PRC shut down in 1948, its distribution exchanges were assumed by Eagle-Lion Films. In 1950, Pathé merged Eagle-Lion with an independent reissues distributor, Film Classics, to create Eagle-Lion Classics. The latter was acquired by and merged into United Artists a year later. Rank also released films in the United Kingdom through Eagle-Lion Distributors Limited.
Los Angeles Airways Flight 417
Los Angeles Airways Flight 417 was a Sikorsky S-61 helicopter that crashed on August 14, 1968 in the city of Compton, California.  All eighteen passengers and three crew members were killed.  The aircraft was destroyed by impact and fire.  According to the National Transportation Safety Board the probable cause of the accident was fatigue failure. The accident happened when the arbitrarily yellow designated blade, one of five main rotor blades, separated from the spindle that attached the blade to the rotor head. Following failure, the helicopter was uncontrollable and it fell to the ground. The fatigue crack originated in an area of substandard hardness and inadequate shot peening.

Compton, California
Compton is a city located in the Gateway Cities region of southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county, and on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in Los Angeles County to incorporate. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 95,740. It is known as the "Hub City" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County, though it is actually near the southern end of the county. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, downtown Compton, and Richland Farms.
Ordines (ancient Roman)
Ordines in ancient Rome were social classes. One's position in the Ordines was determined by wealth and birth. Equestrians and senators were required to maintain high levels of wealth and own large amounts of property in order to remain a part of their class. Lower-class people could rise to higher ordines through gaining wealth. People also needed to be born into high social status in order to join these classes. Prior to the reforms of the Gracchi brothers there were only two ordines, patricians and plebeians. Following the reforms of Gaius Gracchus, the equestrian class was split off into its own ordo. The term was also applied to military companies under the maniple system.

Social class in ancient Rome
Social class in ancient Rome was hierarchical, with multiple and overlapping social hierarchies. An individual's relative position in one might be higher or lower than in another, which complicated the social composition of Rome.

The status of freeborn Romans during the Republic was established by:

Ancestry (patrician or plebeian).

Census rank (ordo) based on wealth and political privilege, with the senatorial and equestrian ranks elevated above the ordinary citizen.

Gender.

Citizenship, of which there were varying types

The commoners and slaves were in the lower class
Kapila Theertham
Kapila Theertham is a small Shaivite temple and theertham, located at Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India. The idol of Shiva is believed to have been installed by Kapila, so Shiva here is referred to as Kapileswara.

The temple stands at the entrance to a mountain cave in one of the steep and vertical faces at the foot of the Tirumala hills, which are part of Seshachalam Hills, where the waters of the mountain stream fall directly into a temple tank.

At the temple entrance is a stone statue of Nandi, Shiva's bull mount.

Tirumala
Tirumala is a Hindu religious temple town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the neighbourhoods of the Tirupati city. The town is a part of Tirupati Urban Development Authority and located in Tirupati (urban) mandal of Tirupati revenue division. The town is strictly vegetarian. It is a hill town where Tirumala Venkateswara Temple is located, a popular shrine of Vishnu. Vishnu is believed to reside here with his full power, as in Vaikuntha, and thus the place is also called 'Bhuloka Vaikuntha'.