hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jordan Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
Jordan Township is a township that is located in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population at the time of the 2010 Census was 794, an increase over the figure of 761 that was tabulated in 2000.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Malwal, India
Malwal is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Nakodar, 41 kilometres (25 mi) from Kapurthala, 31 kilometres (19 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 159 kilometres (99 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Akari (wrestler)
Bemita Elgueta Saldias, better known by her ring name Akari (sometimes stylized in capital letters as AKARI), is a Chilean professional wrestler currently performing in the Japanese promotion Pure-J where she is a former Princess of Pro-Wrestling Champion.

Battle royal (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a battle royal (sometimes battle royale), is a multi-competitor match type in which wrestlers are eliminated until one is left and declared the winner. Typical battle royals begin with a number of participants in the ring, who are then eliminated by going over the top rope and having both feet touch the venue floor.
The Gospel Magazine
Reformed Christianity portal

The Gospel Magazine is a Calvinist, evangelical Christian magazine from the United Kingdom, and is one of the longest running of such periodicals, having been founded in 1766. Most of the editors have been Anglicans. It is now published bi-monthly.

A number of well-known hymns, including Augustus Montague Toplady's Rock of Ages, first appeared in the Gospel Magazine. Toplady, sponsored by Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, used the magazine to attack John Wesley. Other contributors included John Newton, the organist William Shrubsole (1760–1806), the hymn writer Daniel Turner (1710–98) and (at a later date) the particular Baptist minister John Andrew Jones (1779–1868).

The Gospel Magazine Trust is currently working to scan their extant copies—going back 240 years—and upload them onto the website.

Church of England (Continuing)
The Church of England (Continuing) is part of the Continuing Anglican Movement. It was founded in 1994.

Since 2008 the church has regularly exhibited at the Christian Resources Exhibition at Esher, Surrey and elsewhere in England. It publishes a magazine called The Journal as well as other literature and books. It holds an annual conference. The 2023 conference was held at St Mary's Church, Castle Street, Reading and a day conference is due to be held there in late 2024.
Kolhuwa
Kolhuwa  is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6,292 people living in 1,025 individual households.
.This VDC was merged in the Madhyabindu municipality  on 19 September 2015 along with Tamasariya and Narayani Village development committees (VDCs). The center of the municipality is established in the former Tamasariya VDC of Chormara  Bazaar. After merging the three VDCs population it had a total population of 28,224 according to 2011 Nepal census.

Tamasariya
Tamasariya  is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. According to the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 6942 people living in 1195 individual households. It is located between the Madyabindu Community Forest and Girubari River. The economy of the VDC is highly dependent on remittance. Most of the people are engaged in animal husbandry and farming. Chormara is generally referred to as a major market area of the region, which includes Tamasariya Village Development Committee (VDC) and Narayani VDC. It serves as the administrative headquarters for Tamsariya VDC.
Stevan Knićanin
Stevan Petrović, KCMT (Serbian Cyrillic: Стеван Петровић), known as Stevan Knićanin (Стеван Книћанин, Stevan of Knić; 15 February 1807 – 14 May 1855) was a Serbian voivode and military commander of the Serbian volunteers in Serbian Vojvodina during the 1848 revolution.

Principality of Serbia
The Principality of Serbia (Serbian: Књажество Србија, romanized: Knjažestvo Srbija) was an autonomous, later sovereign state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution. Its creation was negotiated first through an unwritten agreement between Miloš Obrenović, leader of the Second Serbian Uprising, and Ottoman official Marashli Pasha, followed by a series of decrees of the Sublime Porte in 1828–1833. Its de facto independence ensued in 1867, following the evacuation of the remaining Ottoman troops from the Belgrade Fortress and the country; its independence was recognized internationally in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin. In 1882 the country was elevated to the status of kingdom.
Radiocarbon dating samples
Samples used for radiocarbon dating must be handled carefully to avoid contamination.  Not all material can be dated by this method; only samples containing organic matter can be tested: the date found will be the date of death of the plants or animals from which the sample originally came.

Samples for dating need to be converted into a form suitable for measuring the 14C content; this can mean conversion to gaseous, liquid, or solid form, depending on the measurement technique to be used. Before this can be done, however, the sample must be treated to remove any contamination and any unwanted constituents. This includes removing visible contaminants, such as rootlets that may have penetrated the sample since its burial.

Accelerator mass spectrometry
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a form of mass spectrometry that accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis. The special strength of AMS among the different methods of mass spectrometry is its ability to separate a rare isotope from an abundant neighboring mass ("abundance sensitivity", e.g. 14C from 12C). The method suppresses molecular isobars completely and in many cases can also separate atomic isobars (e.g. 14N from 14C). This makes possible the detection of naturally occurring, long-lived radio-isotopes such as 10Be, 36Cl, 26Al and 14C. (Their typical isotopic abundance ranges from 10−12 to 10−18.)

AMS can outperform the competing technique of decay counting for all isotopes where the half-life is long enough. Other advantages of AMS include its short measuring time as well as its ability to detect atoms in extremely small samples.
Carlidnack
Carlidnack (or Carlinack) is a hamlet in the parish of Mawnan, Cornwall, England.  Carlidnack lies 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south-west of Falmouth on a road leading north-east from Mawnan Smith and at around 495 feet (151 m) above sea level.

There is evidence of an ancient settlement at Carlidnack called a round that dates back to the late Iron Age or Roman period. This is a scheduled ancient monument that has been listed by English Heritage. The round is a circular area enclosed by a bank of earth and a ditch and with a single entrance; a round is usually a sign of an agricultural settlement. The round at Carlidnack has a bank that is 4 yards (3.7 m) high, a ditch that is 0.7 yards (0.64 m) deep and has a diameter of 140 yards (130 m); there are modern buildings on the site that date back to the early 20th century.

Mawnan Smith
Mawnan Smith (Cornish: Govel Vaunan) is a village in the civil parish of Mawnan in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately three miles south of Falmouth. In 2019 it had an estimated population of 1020.

The parish church of St Mawnan and St Stephen is in Mawnan village (also known as Mawnan Church). A second church, St Michael's, was built in the village of Mawnan Smith in 1876 and there was also a Wesleyan Methodist chapel in the village.

The village name may derive from the fact that it once had four working smithies serving the many farms in the parish. By the early 20th century only one remained in business. It was operated by blacksmith Billy James followed by his son Dryden and closed when the latter died in 1994. The Mawnan Anvil Trust has since restored the smithy as a working forge with a resident artist blacksmith and the site now also includes a silversmith, sign writer and carpenter.
Boca Grande Community Center
The Boca Grande Community Center (also known as Boca Grande School) is a historic site in Boca Grande, Florida, United States. It is located east of Park Avenue, between 1st and 2nd Streets. On March 30, 1995, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

This property is part of the Lee County Multiple Property Submission, a Multiple Property Submission to the National Register.

Boca Grande, Florida
Boca Grande is a small residential community on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. Gasparilla Island is a part of both Charlotte and Lee counties, while the actual village of Boca Grande, which is home to many seasonal and some year-round residents, is entirely in the Lee County portion of the island. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Boca Grande is known for its historic downtown, sugar sand beaches, blue water and world class fishing.
Elessaurus
Elessaurus is an extinct genus of archosauromorph from the Early Triassic of Brazil. It contains a single species, Elessaurus gondwanoccidens. It possessed a variety of features common to basal archosauromorphs, particularly basal tanystropheids such as Macrocnemus. However, it is uncertain whether Elessaurus was a particularly close relative of tanystropheids, and it might instead be closer to other major archosauromorph clades. The genus name refers to "Elessar", an alternate name of the character Aragorn from J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Augustaburiania
Augustaburiania is an extinct genus of tanystropheid archosauromorph from the latest Early Triassic (late Olenekian age) of Volgograd Region, western Russia. All specimens were recovered in the right slope of the Don River valley from the Lipovskaya Formation. It was named by Sennikov in 2011 and the type species is Augustaburiania vatagini. Augustaburiania is the oldest known tanystropheid.
Youssef Zalal
Youssef Zalal (Arabic: يوسف زلال; born September 4, 1996) is a Moroccan professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of January 27, 2026, he is #8 in the UFC featherweight rankings.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Jacques du Toit (rugby union)
Ockert Jacobus Jacques du Toit (born 19 November 1993) is a South African professional rugby union player for Zebre Parma in the United Rugby Championship, and previously for Bath in Premiership Rugby. His regular position is hooker. Since retiring from professional rugby, Jacques has started a career in marketing. Today, he's the founder of Leap Digital.

University of the Free State
The University of the Free State (Afrikaans: Universiteit van die Vrystaat; Sesotho: Yunivesithi ya Freistata) is a multi-campus public university in Bloemfontein, the capital of the Free State and the judicial capital of South Africa. It was first established as an institution of higher learning in 1904 as a tertiary section of Grey College. It was declared an independent Afrikaans-language university in 1950 and the name was changed to the University of the Orange Free State. The university has two satellite campuses. Initially a whites-only precinct, the university was fully de-segregated in 1996. The first black university vice-chancellor was appointed in 2010.
Lake Revelli
Lake Revelli is a small alpine lake located at 2,029 m a.s.l. in the Ligurian Alps, in the municipality of Ormea. It is situated in the upper valley of the Corsaglia, just north of the Cima delle Roccate.

Ligurian Alps
The Ligurian Alps are a mountain range in northwestern Italy. A small part is located in France. They form the south-western extremity of the Alps, separated from the Apennines by the Colle di Cadibona. The Col de Tende and the Vermenagna valley separate them from the Maritime Alps. They form the border between Piedmont in the north and Liguria in the south.
Ma'in, Hebron
Ma'in (Arabic: معين) is a small Palestinian village in the south Hebron Hills of the Hebron Governorate, located 14 kilometers south of Hebron. It is bordered by the villages of at-Tuwani to the east, al-Karmil village to the north, Khallet Salih to the west, and Qawawis to the south. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 459 in 2007.

The village is situated immediately to the north of Khirbet Ma'in (Horvat Maon), an archaeological site containing the remains of the ancient town of Ma'on. It is home to members of several clans, including Makhamra, Dababsah, Hamamdah, Muhammad, and Abu Taha.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
Nora de Leeuw
Nora Henriette de Leeuw FRSC CChem MAE FLSW is the inaugural executive dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at University of Leeds. Her research field is computational chemistry and investigates biomaterials, sustainable energy, and carbon capture and storage.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences, mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. EPSRC research areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry, artificial intelligence and computer science, but exclude particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy (which fall under the remit of the Science and Technology Facilities Council).
Phyllis Margaret Tookey Kerridge
Phyllis Margaret Tookey Kerridge (April 1901 – 22 June 1940) was a British chemist and physiologist. She is notable for creating the miniature pH electrode, her work on artificial respiration, and her pioneering work shaping the discipline of audiometry.

Robert W. Paul
Robert William Paul (3 October 1869 – 28 March 1943) was an English pioneer of film and scientific instrument maker.

He made narrative films as early as April 1895, which were shown first in Edison Kinetoscope knockoffs. In 1896 he showed his films projected, at about the time the Lumière brothers were pioneering projected films in France.

His first notably successful scientific device was his Unipivot galvanometer.

In 1999, the British film industry erected a commemorative plaque on his building at 44 Hatton Garden, in central London.
Autism Act 2009
The Autism Act 2009 (c. 15) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act makes provision about the needs of adults who have autistic spectrum disorders including autism and Asperger syndrome.

National Autistic Society
The National Autistic Society is a charity for autistic people and their families in the United Kingdom. Since 1962, the National Autistic Society has been providing support, guidance and advice, as well as campaigning for improved rights, services and opportunities to help create a society that works for autistic people.

The National Autistic Society is funded through UK government grants and voluntary contributions. The Chief Executive as of 2026 is Caroline Stevens. She took over from Mark Lever in 2019, after being Chief Executive at Kids for six years.
Tourism in Riga
Riga, the capital of Latvia, is one of the leading travel destinations in the Baltic region. In 2024, the city welcomed over 1.1 million international tourists. Tourists are mainly drawn to Riga because of its historical architecture, local culture and nature surrounding the city.

Vecrīga
Vecrīga ("Old Riga") is the historical center and a neighbourhood (as Vecpilsēta) of Riga, Latvia, located in the Central District on the east side of Daugava River. Vecrīga is famous for its old churches and cathedrals, such as Riga Cathedral, St. James's Cathedral and St. Peter's Church.
Old Rag Mountain
Old Rag Mountain is a 3,284 feet (1,001 m) mountain near Sperryville in Madison County, Virginia. A part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the peak is located within Shenandoah National Park and is the most popular hiking destination within the park.

In contrast to most mountains of the Blue Ridge, Old Rag has an exposed (rocky) summit.

Shenandoah National Park
Shenandoah National Park /ˈʃɛnənˌdoʊə/ (often /ˈʃænənˌdoʊə/) is a national park of the United States that encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia. The park is long and narrow, with the Shenandoah River and its broad valley to the west, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont to the east. Skyline Drive is the main park road, generally traversing along the ridgeline of the mountains. Almost 40% of the park's land—79,579 acres (124 sq mi; 322 km2)—has been designated as wilderness areas and is protected as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. The highest peak is Hawksbill Mountain at 4,051 feet (1,235 m).
Kime
Kime (Japanese: 決め) is a Japanese word.  It is the noun form of the verb "kimeru," which means "to decide,". (Random House, 1996, Japanese-English, English-Japanese Dictionary, p. 126).

Kime is a commonly used Japanese martial arts term. In karate it can mean "power" and/or "focus," describing the instantaneous tensing at the correct moment during a technique. The tension at this time is mostly focused on the dantian ("hara") and abdomen.  In judo, the "Kime-no-kata" is often translated to "Kata of Decision."  In other budō, the term refers to attacking a pressure point.

Dantian
Dantian (丹田; Pinyin: dāntián, Romaji: tanden) in traditional Chinese medicine is a center of qi, the vital life force.

Three main dantian are typically emphasized: the lower dantian, situated at the lower belly, called hara in Japanese; the middle dantian, at the level of the heart; and the upper dantian, at the forehead between the eyebrows or third eye. Jing (essence) is purified into qi (vitality) in the lower dantiam; qi is refined into shen or spirit in the middle dantium; and shen is transmuted into wu wei or emptiness in the upper dantium.

The dantian are important focal points in traditional Chinese medicine, for meditative and esoteric practices such as qigong, neidan,  neigong, daoyin, Taoist sexual practices, and reiki and for martial arts such as tai chi.
Siege of Sangin
The siege of Sangin was a military engagement which occurred between June 2006 and April 2007, between Taliban insurgents and the British Army during the war in Afghanistan. During the engagement, the district centre of Sangin District in Helmand Province was occupied by British forces and was completely surrounded by Taliban fighters. At one point fighting became intensive, causing General David J. Richards, the then-NATO commander in Afghanistan, to declare that Helmand province had seen the fiercest fighting involving British troops since the Korean War. The siege became emblematic of the difficulty of the mission being carried out by British soldiers in Afghanistan, who nicknamed it "Sangingrad" (in reference to the Battle of Stalingrad).

Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (often referred to as, "The Fusiliers") is an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Queen's Division. Currently, the regiment has two battalions: the 1st Battalion, part of the Regular Army, is an armoured infantry battalion based in Tidworth, Wiltshire, and the 5th Battalion, part of the Army Reserve, recruits in the traditional fusilier recruiting areas across England. The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers was largely unaffected by the infantry reforms that were announced in December 2004, but under the Army 2020 reduction in the size of the Army, the 2nd Battalion was merged into the first in 2014.
Kosmos 1541
Kosmos 1541 (Russian: Космос 1541 meaning Cosmos 1541) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1541 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 17:10 UTC on 6 March 1984. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1984-024A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 14790.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.