hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Günther Prien
Günther Prien (16 January 1908 – presumed 8 March 1941) was a German U-boat commander during World War II. He was the first U-boat commander to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the first member of the Kriegsmarine to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. It was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Prien.

Under Prien's command, the submarine U-47 was credited with sinking over 30 Allied ships totalling about 200,000 gross register tons (GRT), along with the British battleship HMS Royal Oak at anchor in the Home Fleet's anchorage in Scapa Flow.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Scottish Highlander (barge)
The Scottish Highlander is a boutique hotel barge cruising the Caledonian Canal in Scotland, from Inverness to Fort William.  She is a Luxe motor Dutch steel barge. She is a member of the fleet of hotel barges owned by European Waterways.

Caledonian Canal
The Caledonian Canal connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William in Scotland. The canal was constructed in the early nineteenth century by Scottish engineer Thomas Telford.
Old Spitalfields Market
51°31′10″N 0°4′31″W﻿ / ﻿51.51944°N 0.07528°W﻿ / 51.51944; -0.07528

Old Spitalfields Market is a covered market in Spitalfields, London. There has been a market on the site for over 350 years. In 1991 it gave its name to New Spitalfields Market in Leyton, where fruit and vegetables are now traded. In 2005, a regeneration programme resulted in the new public spaces: Bishops Square and Crispin Place, which are now part of the modern Spitalfields Market. A range of public markets runs daily, with independent local stores and restaurants - as well as new office developments.

It is situated in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, just outside the City of London. The closest London Underground and mainline railway station is Liverpool Street.

Bishops Square
Bishops Square is a large commercial property development in the Spitalfields area of London, England. Previously owned by Hammerson, and later jointly by Hammerson and the Oman Investment Fund, it is now owned by JP Morgan. It has been cited as an example of a privately owned public space in London.

The headquarters of global law firm, Allen & Overy, are located at One Bishops Square.
2024 ReliaQuest Bowl (December)
The 2024 ReliaQuest Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 31, 2024, at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The 39th annual ReliaQuest Bowl (previously played as the Outback Bowl from 1996 to 2022) featured the Alabama Crimson Tide of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference; a rematch of the previous season's 2024 Rose Bowl (CFP semifinal). The game began at approximately 12:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN.  It was one of the 2024–25 bowl games concluding the 2024 FBS football season. The game's title sponsor was the ReliaQuest cybersecurity company.

2024–25 NCAA football bowl games
The 2024–25 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games in the United States, primarily played to complete the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive bowl games in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) began on December 14, 2024, and concluded with the 2025 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 20, 2025. Several all-star games then followed.
NGC 3632
NGC 3632 (also known as Caldwell 40) and NGC 3626 is an unbarred lenticular galaxy and Caldwell object in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by William Herschel, on 14 March 1784. It shines at magnitude +10.6/+10.9. Its celestial coordinates are RA 11h 20.1m , dec +18° 21′. It is located near the naked-eye-class A4 star Zosma, as well as galaxies NGC 3608, NGC 3607, NGC 3659, NGC 3686, NGC 3684, NGC 3691, NGC 3681, and NGC 3655. Its dimensions are 2′.7 × 1′.9. The galaxy belongs to the NGC 3607 group some 70 million light-years distant, itself one of the many Leo II groups.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Kugyŏl
Kugyŏl (also Romanized as gugyeol or kwukyel, among others) is a family of annotation systems for rendering texts written in Classical Chinese into understandable Korean. Believed to have been developed after the introduction of Chinese Characters during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea, its oldest record is found within Buddhist texts in Chinese from the Goryeo period; reached the height of its use during the Joseon dynasty, when readings of the Chinese classics were of paramount social importance.

In kugyŏl, the original text in Classical Chinese was not modified, and the additional markers were simply inserted between words or phrases. Therefore, ignoring the kugyŏl annotations, the text would be readable as regular Classical Chinese.

Hyangch'al
Hyangch'al (Korean: 향찰; Hanja: 鄕札; lit. 'vernacular letters', 'local letters', or 'corresponded sound') is an archaic writing system of Korea and was used to transcribe the Korean language in Chinese characters. Using the hyangch'al system, Chinese characters were given a Korean reading based on the syllable associated with the character. The hyangch'al writing system is often classified as a subgroup of the Idu script.

The first mention of hyangch'al is the monk Kyun Ye's biography during the Goryeo period. Hyangch'al is best known as the method Koreans used to write hyangga poetry. Twenty-five such poems still exist and show that vernacular poetry used native Korean words and Korean word order, and each syllable was "transcribed with a single graph". The writing system covered nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, particles, suffixes, and auxiliary verbs. The practice of hyangch'al continued during the Goryeo era, where it was used to record native Korean poetry as well.
Twice Upon a Time (1953 film)
Twice Upon a Time is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Emeric Pressburger and starring Hugh Williams, Elizabeth Allan, Yolande Larthe, and Charmian Larthe. It is based on the 1949 novel Lisa and Lottie by Erich Kästner.

Lotte and Lisa had already been adapted into the films Two Times Lotte (1950) and Hibari no komoriuta (1951). Twice Upon a Time was the first English-language film adaptation; the story was later twice adapted as The Parent Trap (1961 and 1998) and has been remade a number of times in English and many other languages. It was shot at Shepperton Studios with sets designed by the art director Arthur Lawson.

The film is the only solo directing credit for Pressburger, whose other directing credits are in association with Michael Powell.

Hibari no komoriuta
Hibari no komoriuta (ひばりの子守唄; literally "Hibari's Lullaby") is a 1951 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Koji Shima.  The movie is based on Lisa and Lottie (German: Das doppelte Lottchen), a 1949 novel by Erich Kästner later adapted as the 1961 film The Parent Trap.
Worksop Bestiary
The Worksop Bestiary, also known as the Morgan Bestiary (MS 81), most likely from Lincoln or York, England, is an illuminated manuscript created around 1185, containing a bestiary and other compiled medieval Latin texts on natural history. The manuscript has influenced many other bestiaries throughout the medieval world and is possibly part of the same group as the Aberdeen Bestiary, Alnwick Bestiary, St.Petersburg Bestiary, and other similar Bestiaries. Now residing in the Morgan Library & Museum in New York, the manuscript has had a long history of church, royal, government, and scholarly ownership.

Bestiary
A bestiary (Latin: bestiarium vocabulum) is a compendium of beasts. Originating in the ancient world, bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals and even rocks. The natural history and illustration of each beast was usually accompanied by a moral lesson. This reflected the belief that the world itself was the Word of God and that every living thing had its own special meaning. For example, the pelican, which was believed to tear open its breast to bring its young to life with its own blood, was a living representation of Jesus. Thus the bestiary is also a reference to the symbolic language of animals in Western Christian art and literature.
Experimental Squadron (Royal Navy)
The Experimental Squadrons also known as Evolutionary Squadrons of the Royal Navy were groups of ships sent out in the 1830s and 1840s to test new techniques of ship design, armament, building and propulsion against old ones.  They came about as a result of conflict between the "empirical" school of shipbuilding (led by William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy), the "scientific" school led by the first School of Naval Architecture (closed in 1832), and the "traditional" school led by master shipwrights from the royal dockyards.

HMS Trafalgar (1841)
HMS Trafalgar was a 120-gun, three-deck, first rate, broadened Caledonia-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy during the 1830s. Completed in 1842, the ship remained in ordinary until 1845. She was participated in the Crimean War of 1854–1855. Trafalgar was razeed and converted into a steam-powered, 89-gun, second rate, two decker in 1858–1859.
Snezhanka (cave)
Snezhanka (Bulgarian: Снежанка, "Snow White") is a show cave in the Rhodope Mountains, southern Bulgaria. It was discovered in 1961 and opened for visitors in 1965. Snezhanka is among the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria of the Bulgarian Tourist Union.

Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (/ˈrɒdəpiːz/; Bulgarian: Родопи, Rodopi; Greek: Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Turkish: Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece. Golyam Perelik is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial ecoregion Rodope montane mixed forests that belongs in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome and the Palearctic realm. The region is particularly notable for its karst areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the Trigrad Gorge.

A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations.
Fairholme College
Fairholme College is an independent, day and boarding school for girls, located in Toowoomba, one of Australia's largest provincial cities, in South East Queensland, Australia.

Established as Spreydon College in 1908 by sisters Elizabeth, Jessie and Margaret Thomson, the college has a non-selective enrolment policy, and currently caters for approximately 845 students from Kindergarten to Year 12, including 240 boarders in Years 5 to 12. It is the only school associated with the Presbyterian Church of Queensland that is not owned by the Presbyterian and Methodist Schools Association (PMSA), and is one of a small number of Presbyterian schools in Australia.

Fairholme is a member of the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), and the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA).

Independent Primary School Heads of Australia
The Independent Primary School Heads of Australia (IPSHA) formerly Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), is an incorporated body representing the heads of independent primary schools in Australia. 
Officially established in September 1952, the Association is broken into state branches, with six offices across Australia. The organisation currently has a membership of nearly 380 Full Members, 60 Associate and Life Members and 23 Overseas Members. Combined, the member schools employ around 6,000 people, and are responsible for educating about 100,000 primary aged children.
NGC 7585
NGC 7585 is a lenticular galaxy with a peculiar shape resulting from an interaction between two galaxies. It is located 145 million light years away in the constellation Aquarius which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7585 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 20, 1784.

Peculiar galaxy
A peculiar galaxy is a galaxy of unusual size, shape, or composition. Between five and ten percent of known galaxies are categorized as peculiar. Astronomers have identified two types of peculiar galaxies: interacting galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN).

When two galaxies come close to each other, their mutual gravitational forces can cause them to acquire highly irregular shapes. The terms 'peculiar galaxy' and 'interacting galaxy' have now become synonymous because the majority of peculiar galaxies attribute their forms to such gravitational forces.
K-26 (Kansas highway)
K-26 is a 3.601-mile-long (5.795 km) state highway located entirely within Cherokee County, Kansas. It runs from an intersection with U.S. Route 166 (US-166) and US-400 northwest of the Missouri/Kansas/Oklahoma tripoint north to K-66 in Galena. The highway is maintained by the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT).

The route was designated in 1937 on a roadway that ran from Crestline to the Missouri state line, but was moved to its current location via a series of route re-designations that took place over the following decades, assuming its current route in the mid-1980s.

U.S. Route 166
U.S. Route 166 (US 166) is a 164-mile (264 km) east–west United States highway.  This route and US 266 are the only two remaining spurs of historic U.S. Route 66 (which was decommissioned in 1985), since US 666 was renumbered to US 491 in 2003.

US 166 meets the old route of US 66, now designated US 69 Alternate, in Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas.
SS Malakand (1905)
SS Malakand was a 7,653-gross register ton cargo liner built by Harland & Wolff in 1905 for the Brocklebank shipping line, the first of two Brocklebank Line ships named after the Malakand area of the Indian subcontinent.

Malakand operated on a regular service between Liverpool, England, and Calcutta, India. During World War I, she was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 145 nautical miles (269 km) west of Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly (49°20′N 10°00′W﻿ / ﻿49.333°N 10.000°W﻿ / 49.333; -10.000), on 20 April 1917 by the Imperial German Navy submarine U-84 with the loss of one crew member.

A replacement ship of the same name, SS Malakand, was launched in 1919.

Cargo liner
A cargo liner, also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman, is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers.

They became common just after the middle of the 19th century, and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century.
Aerts
The Aerts (also spelled Aarts) was a Dutch automobile manufactured in 1899; a small number of cars are known to have been built at Dongen, but little else seems to be known about the marque.

The manufacturer also advertised as "Neerlandia, the first Dutch car", although "Groninger" and Eysink were earlier.

Eysink
The Eysink was a Dutch automobile manufactured from 1903 until 1919.

The Eysink brothers from Amersfoort, who created the marque, started out manufacturing bicycles. In 1897 they built their first automobile. However, the brothers did not begin production in earnest until 1903 (although they produced about 10 cars in this period) when they built a range of shaft-driven motor cars. During that time, motorcycle and bicycle manufacture had taken precedence. The shaft-driven cars were 10/12 hp, 16/20 hp, and 20/30 hp vehicles. A 30/40 hp six-cylinder was also produced.  A light car called Bébé began production in 1912; this lasted until 1919.  Peak production was around 50 automobiles per year. In all, Eysink produced about 400 motor cars. The company continued to build motorcycles until 1957.
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023
The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (NDAA 2023) is a United States federal law which specifies the budget, expenditures and policies of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for fiscal year 2023. Analogous NDAAs have been passed annually for over 60 years.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Salzburg negotiations
The Salzburg negotiations were bilateral diplomatic talks designed to precisely and rigorously define the practical details of the economic rapprochement between the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the German Reich. These talks began on July 9, 1918, in Salzburg, an Austrian city close to the German–Austro-Hungarian border, and were intended above all to implement the decisions of principle imposed on Emperor Charles I and his ministers by Emperor Wilhelm II and his advisors at their meeting in Spa on May 12, 1918. Continued throughout the summer, these negotiations were suspended on October 19, 1918, when, without having informed the German negotiators, the Foreign Minister of the Dual Monarchy, Stephan Burián von Rajecz, ordered the Austro-Hungarian delegation to interrupt its participation in the talks, which had been rendered pointless by the imminent military and political collapse of the Dual Monarchy.

Second Battle of the Piave River
The Second Battle of the Piave River (or Battle of the Solstice), fought between 15 and 23 June 1918, was a decisive victory for the Italian Army against the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I, as Italy was part of the Allied Forces, while Austria-Hungary was part of the Central Powers. Though the battle proved to be a decisive blow to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and by extension the Central Powers, its full significance was not initially appreciated in Italy. Yet Erich Ludendorff, on hearing the news, is reported to have said he 'had the sensation of defeat for the first time'. It would later become clear that the battle was in fact the beginning of the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
2013 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil
The 2013 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil was a professional clay-court tennis tournament. It was the ninth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Guayaquil, Ecuador between 11 and 17 November 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Ghazaliya
Ghazaliya (Arabic: الغزالية) is a neighborhood in the western outskirts of Baghdad, Iraq, in the city's Mansour district. To the north of Ghazaliya is the neighborhood of Al-Shu'ala, to the east is Al-Adel, to the south is Al Khadhraa, and to the west is Abu Ghraib. It is a working-class neighborhood of about 100,000 residents. Ghazaliya is situated around six major streets that all end at farms that formerly belonged to Uday Hussein, the son of Saddam Hussein.

Al Khadhraa
33°19′10″N 44°18′25″E﻿ / ﻿33.3195°N 44.306972°E﻿ / 33.3195; 44.306972

Al Khadhraa is a neighborhood in Mansour district, western Baghdad, Iraq.

In 2004, the Iraqi Red Crescent Society opened a camp in Al Khadraa to provide shelter and assistance for families displaced by an upsurge in violence in Fallujah.

In May 2024, protesters demonstrated outside a branch of American fast-food restaurant KFC in Al Khadraa on its opening day.
Brian Mailhot
Brian Mailhot (born August 12, 1975) is an American professional wrestler and mixed martial arts fighter, better known for his short stint in World Wrestling Entertainment's SmackDown! brand under the ring name of Palmer Canon.

Chaotic Wrestling New England Championship
The Chaotic Wrestling (CW) New England Championship is a professional wrestling title in American independent promotion Chaotic Wrestling. The title was first won by "Latin Fury" Luis Ortiz in Revere, Massachusetts on February 23, 2001. There have been a total of 40 recognized individual champions, who have had a combined 60 official reigns.
CJAV-FM
CJAV-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting on 93.3 FM in Port Alberni, British Columbia. The station currently broadcasts an adult contemporary format branded on-air as 93.3 The Peak and is owned by Jim Pattison Group.

Alberni Valley Bulldogs
The Alberni Valley Bulldogs are a junior ice hockey team based in Port Alberni, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Coastal West Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at Weyerhaeuser Arena.
Freestyle scootering
Freestyle scootering (also known as scootering or scooter riding) is an extreme sport that involves using kick scooters to perform freestyle tricks. This is done mainly in skateparks but also in urban environments on obstacles such as stairs, hand rails and curbs. Freestyle scootering gained popularity following the Razor craze in the early 2000s after the invention of the foldable aluminium scooter by Micro Mobility Systems in 1999. Since then the construction of pro scooters have progressed immensely, making it a big business with many brands solely focusing on creating trick scooters worldwide.

Micro Mobility Systems
Micro Mobility Systems Ltd, known as Micro, is a Swiss company that produces urban vehicles such as kickscooters and the Microlino, a small electric car which was first presented at the Geneva Motor Show in 2016. In the United States, Micro's products are sold under the brand "Micro Kickboard" for trademark reasons. The company holds several patents for its products.