hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Withered Murder
Withered Murder is the third of the collaborations of Anthony Shaffer and Peter Shaffer. The previous two books were published under the pseudonym Peter Antony while this one was published "by A. & P. Shaffer". It was first published by Gollancz in London in 1955 and then a year later in New York by Macmillan as part of their 'Cock Robin Mystery' imprint.

As in How Doth the Little Crocodile?, the story follows their eccentric detective Mr. Verity and his unique ways of solving murders. Again, as in How Doth The Little Crocodile? the detective's name was changed to Mr. Fathom in the US edition.

These books are now long out of print and copies in excellent condition can sell for high prices.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Kreuznach Conference (October 7, 1917)
The Kreuznach Conference, held on October 7, 1917, was a meeting of the German government and military chaired by Kaiser Wilhelm II. It took place in Bad Kreuznach, the headquarters of the Oberste Heeresleitung, the supreme command of the Imperial German Army. The meeting was convened to define new war aims for the Imperial Reich as the First World War entered its fourth year. During the conference, the German government prepared for negotiations with Austria-Hungary in Vienna on October 22, 1917. This involved drawing up a list of demands that the German negotiators intended to present to the dual monarchy, which was experiencing the effects of the conflict.

Dioscuri (World War I)
During World War I, the term Dioscuri was used to refer to the OHL duo of Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg, after the Dioscuri of Greek mythology. These two soldiers, emboldened by their success against the Russians, exercised full military power in the Reich from 1916. The dismissal of Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg on July 19, 1917, marked a milestone in the rise of the two soldiers, who gradually imposed their vision of managing the conflict on Kaiser Wilhelm II, forcing him to establish a military dictatorship disguised by the institutions of the Reich.
Laminotomy
A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal. A laminotomy is less invasive than conventional vertebral column surgery techniques, such as laminectomy because it leaves more ligaments and muscles attached to the spinous process intact and it requires removing less bone from the vertebra. As a result, laminotomies typically have a faster recovery time and result in fewer postoperative complications. Nevertheless, possible risks can occur during or after the procedure like infection, hematomas, and dural tears. Laminotomies are commonly performed as treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis and herniated disks. MRI and CT scans are often used pre- and post surgery to determine if the procedure was successful.

Ligamenta flava
The ligamenta flava (sg.: ligamentum flavum, Latin for yellow ligament) are a series of ligaments that connect the ventral parts of the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. They help to preserve upright posture, preventing hyperflexion, and ensuring that the vertebral column straightens after flexion. Hypertrophy can cause spinal stenosis.

They appear yellowish in colour due to their high elastic fibre content.
Mary T. Martin Sloop
Mary T. Martin Sloop (March 9, 1873 – January 13, 1962) was instrumental to the improvement of healthcare and education in the mountains of North Carolina. She is most notable for founding, expanding, and developing the Crossnore School, serving as director until 1959. In 1953, Sloop published Miracle in the Hills, her autobiography detailing her lifelong efforts in medicine and education reform.

Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
Founded in 1850, The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), formally known as The Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, was the first American medical college dedicated to teaching women medicine and allowing them to earn the Doctor of Medicine degree.

In 1867, the college was renamed the Woman's Medical College. The college has trained thousands of women physicians from all over the world, many of whom went on to practice medicine internationally. In 1970, the college became the co-ed Medical College of Pennsylvania. In 1993, the college and hospital merged with Hahnemann Medical School. In 2003, the two colleges were absorbed by Drexel University College of Medicine.
Treaty of Paris (August 1801)
A Treaty of Paris was signed on 24 August 1801 between Napoleonic France and Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of Bavaria, during the War of the Second Coalition.

France obtained the Palatinate territories, at time a Bavarian dependency, on the Left Bank of the Rhine, notably the Duchy of Jülich and the County Palatine of Zweibrücken. However, Napoleon was not interested in humiliating the Wittelsbachs, a secondary opponent that could become a possible ally against the main enemy Austria. More, since the beginning of his reign the Bavarian elector had searched favorable exchanges for his divided hereditary domains, so Napoleon offered an indemnity in Germany to Bavaria in event of a French friendliness, and so it happened.

Duchy of Jülich
The Duchy of Jülich (German: Herzogtum Jülich; Dutch: Hertogdom Gulik; French: Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the Rhine river and was bordered by the Electorate of Cologne to the east and the Duchy of Limburg to the west. It had territories on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital Jülich – the former Roman Iuliacum – in the lower Rhineland. The duchy amalgamated with the County of Berg beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as Jülich-Berg.  Later it became part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.

Its territory lies in present-day Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and in the present-day Netherlands (part of the Limburg province), its population sharing the same Limburgish dialect.
Samarium(III) acetate
Samarium(III) acetate is an acetate salt of samarium, with the chemical formula of Sm(CH3COO)3. It exists in the hydrate and tetrahydrate form. Its tetrahydrate can be obtained by dissolving samarium(III) oxide in 50% acetic acid solution, crystallizing and vacuum drying. The mixed anion acetate [Sm(CH3COO)(H2O)6]Cl2·H2O and [Sm(CH3COO)2(H2O)3]Cl can be crystallized from SmCl3·6H2O and SmOCl in acetic acid solution respectively.

Samarium(III) oxide
Samarium(III) oxide (Sm2O3) is a chemical compound. Samarium oxide readily forms on the surface of samarium metal under humid conditions or temperatures in excess of 150°C in dry air. Similar to rust on metallic iron, this oxide layer spalls off the surface of the metal, exposing more metal to continue the reaction. The oxide is commonly white to off yellow in color and is often encountered as a highly fine dust like powder.
Carroll Moran
Carroll Moran (born 2 February 1945) is a retired Irish judge who served as a Judge of the High Court from 2014 to 2015 and a Judge of the Circuit Court from 1997 to 2014.

He was the chairperson of the non-statutory inquiry into the 2016 Summer Olympics ticket scandal.

He was educated at Clongowes Wood College and University College Dublin. He became a solicitor in 1970. He was called to the Irish Bar in 1975. He was editor of the Irish Reports from 1993 to 1997.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
1967 Hamilton by-election
The 1967 Hamilton by-election in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, was held on 2 November 1967. It was called after the former Labour MP, Tom Fraser, resigned in order to take up the position as head of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board. The constituency had been a safe seat for Labour, who had taken over two-thirds of the vote there in every general election from 1945 to 1966, when only the Conservatives had stood against them.

The election saw a surprise victory for the Scottish National Party candidate Winnie Ewing. The SNP took 46% of the vote in a constituency which they had not even contested at the 1966 general election held the previous year, and gained the seat from the Labour Party with a swing of nearly 38%. Ewing did not retain the seat at the following general election, but the SNP have been continuously represented in the House of Commons ever since.

Hamilton (UK Parliament constituency)
Hamilton was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.
Filling the tree
In the United States Senate, filling the tree is a procedure by which the majority leader can prevent amendments to a piece of legislation from being voted on. This is done by filling all possible opportunities for amendments by amendments of the leader's choosing. It is not a new tactic, but saw a significant increase in usage under Harry Reid.

Amendment
An amendment is a formal or official change made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document.  It is based on the verb to amend, which means to change for better.  Amendments can add, remove, or update parts of these agreements.  They are often used when it is better to change the document than to write a new one. Only the legislative branch is involved in the amendment process.
John Peter (critic)
John Anthony Peter MBE (born Janos Antal Peter; 24 August 1938 – 3 July 2020) was a Hungarian-born British theatre critic, who immigrated to Britain in 1956. He was chief drama critic of The Sunday Times from 1984 to 2003, and The Sunday Times contributing drama critic through to 2010. In 1990 he founded the Ian Charleson Awards, which he directed until 2017.

LW Entertainment
LW Entertainment Ltd. (formerly the Really Useful Group Ltd. (RUG)) is an international company set up in 1977 by Andrew Lloyd Webber. It is involved in theatre, film, television, video and concert productions, merchandising, magazine publishing, records and music publishing.  The company's original name is inspired by a phrase from the children's book series The Railway Series (which also inspired Webber to create Starlight Express) in which Thomas the Tank Engine and the other locomotives are referred to as "Really Useful Engines".
International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
Omar ben Zamoum
Omar ben Zamoum (born in Naciria on 1836 and died also in Naciria on 1898) was a Kabyle marabout who participated to the Algerian resistance during Mokrani Revolt against the French conquest of Algeria.

Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (/kəˈbɪliə/; Arabic: منطقة القبائل, lit. 'Area of the Tribes') is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean.

Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia.
DDR4 SDRAM
Double Data Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR4 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory with a high-bandwidth ("double data rate") interface.

Released to the market in 2014, it is a variant of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), some of which have been in use since the early 1970s, and a higher-speed successor to the DDR2 and DDR3 technologies.

DDR4 is not compatible with any earlier type of random-access memory (RAM) due to different signaling voltage and physical interface, besides other factors.

DDR4 SDRAM was released to the public market in Q2 2014, focusing on ECC memory, while the non-ECC DDR4 modules became available in Q3 2014, accompanying the launch of Haswell-E processors that require DDR4 memory.

Micron Technology
Micron Technology, Inc. is an American multinational semiconductor company that manufactures computer memory and computer data storage products, including dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), flash memory, and solid-state drives (SSDs). Founded in 1978 in Boise, Idaho, Micron is the only major American computer memory manufacturer. It is one of the “Big Three” computer memory manufacturers, together with the South Korean companies Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix.

One of the Fortune 500 companies, Micron's consumer products were marketed under the brand Crucial, with the sub-brand Ballistix being used to denote products targeting gaming computers. Micron and Intel together created IM Flash Technologies, which produced NAND flash memory. It owned Lexar between 2006 and 2017.
1893 European Rowing Championships
The 1893 European Rowing Championships were the inaugural European Rowing Championships held on Lake Orta in Italy on 10 and 11 September. The competition was for men only, and the regatta had three boat classes (M1x, M4+, M8+).

European Rowing Championships
The European Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organised by World Rowing (named FISA until 2020) for European rowing nations, plus Israel, which, though not a member of the European federation, is treated as a European nation for competition purposes.

The championships date back to 1893, the year after FISA (the International Rowing Federation) was founded. Over time, the competition grew in status and as it was not restricted to European countries, became regarded as the quasi-world championships. The World Rowing Championships were commenced in 1962 and the last European Championships were held in 1973 as from 1974, the World Championships became an annual event. The European Championships were re-introduced in 2007 but with a narrower focus on Europe.
Staromishchyna
Staromishchyna (Ukrainian: Староміщина, Polish: Staromiejszczyzna) is a village in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. It belongs to Pidvolochysk settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. As of 2007 the population consisted of 829 people.

Until 18 July 2020, Staromishchyna belonged to Pidvolochysk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidvolochysk Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

Pidvolochysk settlement hromada
Pidvolochysk settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Підволочиська селищна територіальна громада, romanized: Pidvolochyska selyshchna terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Pidvolochysk. Its population is 18,356 (2022 estimate).
Dover's Hill
Dover's Hill is a 754 feet (230 metres) hill in the Cotswolds area of central England. The hill is 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire. Dover's Hill and the surrounding land is the property of The National Trust.

On the top of the hill is a trig point, and also a toposcope illustrating many of the landmarks that are visible from it. These include the Black Mountains in South Wales and the Long Mynd in Shropshire (nearly 60 miles (97 km) away).

A monument of 1934 commemorates Robert Dover, founder of the Cotswold Olimpick Games, precursor of the
modern Olympic Games.

Chipping Campden
Chipping Campden is a market town in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England. It is notable for its terraced High Street, dating from the 14th to the 17th centuries.

A wool trading centre in the Middle Ages, Chipping Campden enjoyed the patronage of wealthy wool merchants, most notably William Greville (d.1401). The High Street is lined with buildings built from locally quarried oolitic limestone, known as Cotswold stone, and boasts a wealth of vernacular architecture. Much of the town centre is a conservation area which has helped to preserve the original buildings. The town is an end point of the Cotswold Way, a 102-mile long-distance footpath. Chipping Campden has hosted its own Cotswold Games since 1612.
Etheostoma
Etheostoma is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae, and within the subfamily Etheostomatinae, native to North America. Most are restricted to the United States, but species are also found in Canada and Mexico. They are commonly known as darters, although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce alarm pheromones that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack.

Bluegrass darter
The bluegrass darter (Etheostoma jimmycarter) is a fish found in the Green River drainage in Kentucky and Tennessee.

It was named after the 39th president of the United States Jimmy Carter for his environmental leadership and accomplishments in the areas of national energy policy and wilderness protection, and his lifelong commitment to social justice and basic human rights.
Uffington, Lincolnshire
Uffington is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 686. It is in the valley of the River Welland, between Stamford and The Deepings.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
Gmina Maków
Gmina Maków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Maków, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Skierniewice and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 82.97 square kilometres (32.0 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 5,996.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Cryptomanis
Cryptomanis ("hidden pangolin") is an extinct genus of pangolin from extinct family Patriomanidae. The genus is only known from the holotype specimen from middle Eocene deposits from Inner Mongolia, China. The holotype, AMNH 26140, was labeled as an unnamed pangolin in the fossil collection for decades. The remains consist of an incomplete postcranial specimen, with nearly complete hind limbs, an incomplete pelvis, a complete lumbar series from an incomplete vertebral column, numerous fragmentary remains of rib and sternal bones, a fragmentary scapula, and partially preserved forelimbs. Based on the femural length Cryptomanis was comparable in size to the modern Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica).

Sunda pangolin
The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica), also known as the Malayan or Javan pangolin, is a species of pangolin. It is a member of the Manidae family. Its English name comes from the Malay name pëngulin, which means "roller".

It is native to Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and the islands of Borneo, Java, Sumatra and the Lesser Sunda Islands. It prefers forested primary, secondary and scrub forest habitats, but also lives in rubber and palm oil plantations. It is largely arboreal.
2015 St Edmundsbury Borough Council election
The 2015 St Edmundsbury Borough Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of St Edmundsbury Borough Council in Suffolk, England. This was on the same day as the 2015 general election and other local elections.

This was the final election to St Edmundsbury Borough Council before it was abolished and merged with Forest Heath to form West Suffolk. The inaugural election to West Suffolk District Council was held in 2019.

2015 United Kingdom local elections
The 2015 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 7 May 2015, the same day as the general election for the House of Commons.

With the exception of those areas that have had boundary changes, the council seats up for election in England were last contested in the 2011 local elections. To date these are the last local elections to coincide with a general election in the United Kingdom.
Teso sub-region
Teso sub-region (previously known as Teso District) is a sub-region in Eastern Region, Uganda that consists of:

Amuria District

Bukedea District

Kaberamaido District

Kapelebyong District

Katakwi District

Kumi District

Ngora District

Serere District

Soroti District

The sub-region covers an area of 13,030.6 km and is home to an estimated 2.5 million people of Iteso and Kumam ethnicity. home to the Iteso people, known for agriculture (especially citrus), cattle rearing, and distinct culture, encompassing districts like Soroti, Kumi, Amuria, and Katakwi, and facing challenges like past insecurity but showing potential in resources like oil, with strong cultural ties to other Nilotic groups

Politically, Pallisa District does not belong to Teso Sub-region although Iteso tribes populate larger parts of this district.

Karamoja
The Karamoja sub-region, commonly known as Karamoja, is a region in Uganda.  It covers an area of 27,528km and comprises the Kotido District, Kaabong District, Karenga District, Nabilatuk District, Abim District, Moroto District, Napak District, Amudat District and Nakapiripirit District. The region is projected to have a population of 1.4 millions in 2022 by UBOS.