hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Socialism in Egypt
Socialism in Egypt as a political movement dates back to the early 20th century, with the founding of the first Egyptian Socialist Party in 1921. Despite facing severe state repression throughout the eras, Egyptian organized labor has consistently fought for greater worker rights against capitalism. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser developed a special type of Third-World Socialism, dubbed Nasserism, which has inspired many Arab and African socialist movements, such as the FLN in Algeria and the Third International Theory in Libya. While Egypt transitioned towards capitalism under President Anwar Sadat, Egyptian socialists have remained as harsh critics of privatization and neoliberalism in Egypt. Workers' uprisings in early 2000s Egypt under President Hosni Mubarak eventually exploded into the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.

Ismail Sabri Abdullah
Ismail Sabri Abdullah, also known as Ismail Sabri Abdallah, (Arabic: إسماعيل صبري عبد الله, romanized: Ismāʻīl Ṣabrī ʻAbd Allāh; 1924 – 6 November 2006) was an Egyptian economist and politician who held some cabinet posts in the early 1970s. He was the cofounder of the Communist Party and was imprisoned several times due to his Communist activities and views.
Spanish Mastiff
The Spanish Mastiff or Mastín Español is a breed of mastiff from Spain, originally bred to be a guard dog and whose specialized purpose is to be a livestock guardian dog protecting flocks and/or herds from wolves and other predators.

Livestock guardian dog
The livestock guardian or flock guardian dog is a type of dog bred to protect livestock from predators.

Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd. Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age. Unlike herding dogs which control the movement of livestock, they blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock. They confront predators with vocal intimidation, barking and displaying aggression. This is often enough to ward off predators; dogs may attack or fight with those that cannot be driven away.
Dune: Spice Wars
Dune: Spice Wars is a 4X real-time strategy video game developed by Shiro Games and published by Funcom. In the game, the player tries to dominate the planet of Arrakis diplomatically or militarily. The title is set in the Dune universe, it was released in early access in April 2022 and was fully released in September 2023.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
March of Verona
The March of Verona and Aquileia was a vast march (frontier district) of the Holy Roman Empire in the northeastern Italian region during the Middle Ages, centered on the cities of Verona and Aquileia. Seized by King Otto I of Germany in 952, it was held by the Dukes of Bavaria; from 976 in personal union with the Duchy of Carinthia. The margravial regime ended with the advent of the Lombard League in 1167.

Henry II, Duke of Bavaria
Henry II (951 – 28 August 995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome (German: Heinrich der Zänker), a member of the German royal Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria from 955 to 976 and again from 985 to 995, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 989 to 995.
168 Sibylla
168 Sibylla is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by Canadian-American astronomer J. C. Watson on September 28, 1876. It was most likely named for the Sibyls, referring to the Ancient Greek female oracles. Based upon its spectrum this object is classified as a C-type asteroid, which indicates it is very dark and composed of primitive carbonaceous materials. 168 Sibylla is a Cybele asteroid, orbiting beyond most of the main-belt asteroids.

Photometric observations of this asteroid made at the Torino Observatory in Italy during 1990–1991 were used to determine a synodic rotation period of 23.82 ± 0.004 hours. The shape of this slowly rotating object appears to resemble an oblate spheroid.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
History of the Nottingham Panthers (1939–1960)
The history of the original Nottingham Panthers between 1939 and 1960 covers the history of the Nottingham Panthers ice hockey team from the initial attempts to establish the club in 1939 and the team's first season in 1946 to the closure of the Panthers in 1960.

Originally planned to begin play in 1939 after the opening of the Nottingham Ice Stadium, World War II prevented this from happening until 1946. The Nottingham Panthers would go on to play for fourteen seasons, claiming three league championships and one Autumn Cup title. The Panthers joined the new British National League in 1954 and following the league's collapse in 1960 the club were left with little option but to fold. The Nottingham Panthers would eventually be reformed two decades later and continue play to this day.

English National League
The English National League was an early ice hockey league in England.  It was founded in 1935 by most of the teams who had previously competed in the English League.  It was suspended during the Second World War, but returned in 1946.  In 1954 the league merged with the Scottish National League to form the British National League.
1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan did not defend their title as they participated in the Wimbledon boycott of 1973.

Jimmy Connors and Ilie Năstase defeated John Cooper and Neale Fraser in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 8–9(3–7), 6–1 to win the gentlemen's doubles title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships.

1973 Wimbledon Championships
The 1973 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was scheduled to be held from Monday 25 June until Saturday 7 July 1973 but rain on the final Friday meant that the women's singles final was postponed until Saturday and the mixed doubles final was rescheduled to Sunday 8 July. It was the 87th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1973. Jan Kodeš and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. King became the first player in the open era to claim the triple crown, the second time in her career she won all three titles open to women players. Her three victories necessitated playing six matches on the final weekend of the tournament: The singles final, the doubles semi-final and final and the mixed doubles quarter-final, semi-final and final, which was played on the extended Sunday schedule.
Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible
The non-canonical books referenced in the Bible include known, unknown, or otherwise lost non-Biblical cultures' works referenced in the Bible. The Bible, in Judaism, consists of the Hebrew Bible; Christianity refers to the Hebrew Bible as the Old Testament, with a canon including the New Testament. Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible include the Biblical apocrypha and Deuterocanon.

It may also include books of the Anagignoskomena (Deuterocanonical books § In Eastern Orthodoxy) that are accepted in only Eastern Orthodoxy. For the purposes of this article, "referenced" can mean direct quotations, paraphrases, or allusions, which in some cases are known only because they have been identified as such by ancient writers or the citation of a work or author.

Sefer haYashar (midrash)
Sefer haYashar (ספר הישר) is a medieval Hebrew midrash, also known as the Toledot Adam and Divrei haYamim heArukh. The Hebrew title "Sefer haYashar" might be translated as the "Book of Righteousness" (or literally "Book of the Straight") but it is known in English translation mostly as The Book of Jasher following English tradition. Its author is unknown.
Celeste Gismondi
Celeste Gismondi (fl. 1722 – died 11 March 1735), originally known as Celeste Resse and nicknamed La Celestina ("The Heavenly"), was an Italian soprano opera singer, who performed a major role in the première of some works by George Frideric Handel, including Orlando.

Early theatres in Naples
Theatres for diverse musical and dramatic presentations began to open in Naples, Italy, in the mid-16th century as part of the general Spanish cultural and political expansion into the kingdom of Naples, which had just become a Vicerealm of Spain. None of the early theaters still function as such, having been replaced by later facilities from the mid-18th century onwards. Neapolitan theatres first built in the 16th and 17th centuries include:
WAJZ
WAJZ (96.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Voorheesville, New York, and serving the Capital District, including Albany, Schenectady and Troy. The station is owned by Pamal Broadcasting and broadcasts a rhythmic contemporary radio format that leans toward urban contemporary.  In morning drive time, WAJZ carries the nationally syndicated "Jubal Show" from KBKS-FM in Seattle.

WAJZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 470 watts.  The transmitter is on Pinnacle Road in Helderberg Escarpment tower farm in New Scotland, amid the towers for other Albany-area TV and FM stations.

New Scotland, New York
New Scotland is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. The population was 9,096 at the 2020 census.

The town is southwest of Albany, New York, the state capital. New Scotland is centrally located in the county.
Seneca Valley High School
Seneca Valley High School (SVHS) is a public high school serving grades 9–12 in Germantown, Maryland, United States. It is part of the Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) system. The current building was finished in 2021, and has a capacity of 2,537 students.

As of 2024, Seneca Valley is the 83rd-ranked school in Maryland and the 4460th-ranked school nationally, according to U.S. News & World Report.

Clarksburg High School
Clarksburg High School is a public high school located at 22500 Wims Road in Clarksburg, Maryland, United States. It is part of the Montgomery County Public Schools system, Maryland's largest public school system. Its students mainly come from Rocky Hill Middle School and Hallie Wells Middle School.
Murakami (crater)
Murakami is an impact crater on the far side of the Moon. To the south-southeast is the crater Mariotte. Murakami partly overlaps the western rim of the satellite crater Mariotte Z. To the southeast of Murakami, and to the northeast of Mariotte, is the smaller crater Das. This is a roughly circular, bowl-shaped formation. There is some erosion along the rim, including smaller craters overlapping the rim edge to the south and northeast. There is a white patch of higher-albedo material just to the west of Murakami.

This feature was previously designated Mariotte Y before being assigned this name by the IAU. It is named after Japanese astronomer Harutaro Murakami (1872–1947).

Das (crater)
Das is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located to the north-west of the walled plain Chebyshev. To the south-west of Das is the irregular crater Mariotte, and Von der Pahlen lies to the east-northeast. The crater was named after Indian astronomer Anil Kumar Das.

This crater has a sharp-edged rim that is not overlaid by any craters of note. It is roughly circular in shape, with slight bulges to the west and northwest. The inner walls have slumped toward the uneven interior floor, leaving a steeper slope near the rim.

This crater lies at the center of a faint ray system. The higher albedo ejecta is continuous out to a distance of nearly two crater diameters, then forms wispy rays particularly to the northwest. These rays may overlap a second system to the east-southeast.

Due to its prominent rays, Das is mapped as part of the Copernican System.
2008 California State Assembly election
The 2008 California State Assembly elections were held on November 4, 2008. Voters in all 80 of California's State Assembly districts voted for their representative. Other elections were also held on November 4. Only five seats changed parties: one to the Republican Party and four to the Democratic Party, which maintained a majority with 51 seats.

Of the 80 State Assembly districts, only about nine were considered truly competitive by political analysts.

2008 California elections
Elections were held in California on November 4, 2008. Among the elections taking place were those for the office of President of the United States, all the seats of California's delegation to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all of the odd-numbered seats of the State Senate. Twelve propositions also appeared on the ballot. Numerous local elections also took place throughout the state.
Aluminium dihydrogenphosphate
Aluminium dihydrogenphosphate describes inorganic compounds with the formula Al(H2PO4)3.xH2O where x = 0 or 3.  They are white solids.  Upon heating these materials convert sequentially to a family of related polyphosphate salts including aluminium triphosphate (AlH2P3O10.2H2O), aluminium hexametaphosphate (Al2P6O18), and aluminium tetrametaphosphate (Al4(P4O12)3).  Some of these materials are used for fireproofing and as ingredients in specialized glasses.

According to analysis by X-ray crystallography, the structure consists of a coordination polymer featuring octahedral Al3+ centers bridged by tetrahedral dihydrogen phosphate ligands. The dihydrogen phosphate ligands are bound to Al3+ as monodentate ligands.

Dihydrogen phosphate
Dihydrogen phosphate is an inorganic ion with the formula [H2PO4]−. Phosphates occur widely in natural systems.  Perhaps the most common salt of dihydrogen phosphate is sodium dihydrogen phosphate.  It is used in animal feed, fertilizer, buffer (in food), and treating metal surfaces.
Self Destruction (song)
"Self Destruction" is the only single by the Stop the Violence Movement, a group formed by American rapper KRS-One in 1988 in response to violence in the hip hop and African American communities.

The single raised over $100,000 that was donated to the National Urban League.

Daddy-O (rapper)
Glenn K. Bolton,  (born February 20, 1961) widely known as Daddy-O, is an American rapper and record producer. He began his career by founding the hip-hop group Stetsasonic. He is known as an early advocate of sampling in music.
LM-700
The LM-700 is a satellite bus which was built by Lockheed Martin between the mid-1990s and early 2000s. Typically used for low Earth orbit communications satellites, ninety nine were built, all but one for Iridium Satellite LLC. The exception was a technology development satellite for the United States Air Force, which was never launched. In addition, two boilerplate satellites were launched on a test flight of the Chinese Long March 2C rocket.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
Windham-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Windham-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Windham-2 District includes all of the Windham County towns of Halifax, Whitingham, and Wilmington.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Windham-2 District had a population of 4,305 in that same census, 6.06% above the state average.

Wilmington, Vermont
Wilmington is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,255 at the 2020 census. The town was chartered in 1751 by Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire. It was named in honor of Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington.
Arabian Nights (1942 film)
Arabian Nights is a 1942 adventure film directed by John Rawlins and starring Jon Hall, Maria Montez, Sabu and Leif Erickson.  The film is derived from The Book of One Thousand and One Nights but owes more to the imagination of Universal Pictures than the original Arabian stories. Unlike The Thief of Bagdad (1940) and other films in the genre, it features no monsters or supernatural elements.

The film is one of series of "Lynn Bekkouri

" tales released by Universal Pictures during World War II. Others include Cobra Woman, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and White Savage. This is the first feature film that Universal made using the three-strip Technicolor film process, although producer Walter Wanger had worked on two earlier Technicolor films for other studios: The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936) at Paramount and the 1937 Walter Wanger's Vogues of 1938 for United Artists.

The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)
The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romantic Western film directed by Henry Hathaway for Paramount Pictures, and starring Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney and Henry Fonda. It is based on the 1908 novel by John Fox Jr., the fourth such adaptation, and centers on a pair of star-crossed lovers in the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield.

This was the second full-length feature film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor and the first in color to be shot outdoors, with the approval of the Technicolor Corporation. Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake in southern California. It was released by Paramount on March 13, 1936 to positive reviews and commercial success.
2011 Goldwater Women's Tennis Classic
The 2011 Goldwater Women's Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Phoenix, Arizona, United States between 7 and 13 November 2011.

2011 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2011 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2011 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Ferdinand Topacio
Ferdinand "Ferdie" Sumague Topacio (born November 9, 1965) is a Filipino lawyer, film producer and jazz vocalist. He was a speechwriter to Vice President Salvador Laurel, and had served as legal counsel to Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim, former presidents Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Joseph Estrada, the families of the victims of the 2015 Mamasapano clash, and POGO businesswoman Cassandra Ong.

Claudine Barretto
Claudine Margaret Castelo Barretto (Tagalog: [klaʊˈdin baˈrɛto]; born July 20, 1979) is a Filipino actress. A recipient of four PMPC Star Awards for Television, two FAMAS Awards, and a Maria Clara Award, she made her screen debut as a teenager on the youth-oriented variety show, Ang TV (1992–1996). Barretto later became a mainstay in several sitcoms, including Home Along Da Riles (1992–1997), Oki Doki Doc (1993–1998), and Palibhasa Lalake (1993–1998), and a string of soap operas including Mula sa Puso (1997), Saan Ka Man Naroroon (1999), Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan (2001), Marina (2004), Ikaw ang Lahat sa Akin (2005), Walang Kapalit (2007) and Iisa Pa Lamang (2008).
Tony Nardi
Antonio Luigi Nardi (born June 21, 1958) is an Italian-Canadian actor, playwright, and theatre director based in Toronto. Fluent in four languages; he has appeared in French, Italian and English-language productions, including over 60 plays and 70 films and television series. He won the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role twice, for The Saracen Woman (which he co-wrote) and My Father's Angel, with three additional nominations.

Two Letters (Letter One and Letter Two) received a Dora Award nomination for Outstanding New Play in 2007.. In 2008, Nardi received a Siminovitch Prize in Theatre (long list) nomination for playwriting for Letter Two. He has worked with Théâtre français de Toronto, Persephone Theatre, Great Canadian Theatre Company, and the Stratford Festival. He has also taught acting and directing courses at the University of Toronto and York University.

Dora Mavor Moore Awards
The Dora Mavor Moore Awards (also known as the Dora Awards or the Doras) are awards presented annually by the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), honouring theatre, dance and opera productions in Toronto. Named after Dora Mavor Moore, who helped establish Canadian professional theatre, the awards program was established on December 13, 1978, with the first awards held in 1980. Each winner receives a bronze statue made from the original by John Romano.