hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gross margin
Gross margin, or gross profit margin,  is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold (COGS), divided by revenue. Gross margin is expressed as a percentage. Generally, it is calculated as the selling price of an item, less the cost of goods sold (e.g., production or acquisition costs, not including indirect fixed costs like office expenses, rent, or administrative costs), then divided by the same selling price. "Gross margin" is often used interchangeably with "gross profit", however, the terms are different: "gross profit" is technically an absolute monetary amount, and "gross margin" is technically a percentage or ratio.

Gross margin is a kind of profit margin, specifically a form of profit divided by net revenue, e.g., gross (profit) margin, operating (profit) margin, net (profit) margin, etc.

Operating margin
In business, operating margin—also known as operating income margin, operating profit margin, EBIT margin and return on sales (ROS) - is the ratio of operating income ("operating profit" in the  UK) to net sales, usually expressed in percent.

Net profit measures the profitability of ventures after accounting for all costs.

Return on sales (ROS) is net profit as a percentage of sales revenue. ROS is an indicator of profitability and is often used to compare the profitability of companies and industries of differing sizes. Significantly, ROS does not account for the capital (investment) used to generate the profit. In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 69 percent responded that they found the "return on sales" metric very useful.

Unlike Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) margin, operating margin takes into account depreciation and amortization expenses.   {NNP = GNP- depreciation /GNP = GDP- depreciation}
Deleornis
Deleornis  is a genus of African sunbirds. Its members are sometimes included in Anthreptes.

Its members are:

Fraser's sunbird, Deleornis fraseri

Grey-headed sunbird, Deleornis axillaris

The grey-headed sunbird is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Fraser's sunbird.

The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed most of the time.

Fraser's sunbird
Fraser's sunbird (Deleornis fraseri) or the scarlet-tufted sunbird, is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae.
It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda.
67 Aquarii
67 Aquarii is a star located 484 light years away from the Sun in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius. 67 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation. It is a dim, blue-white hued star near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.40. At the distance of this star, its visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction of 0.11 due to interstellar dust. The position of this star near the ecliptic means it is subject to lunar eclipses.

This is a late B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B7.5 V, which indicates it is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is 316 million years old and is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 205 km/s; the critical velocity for this star is 377 km/s. 67 Aquarii has 2.46 times the mass of the Suns and about double the Sun's radius. It is radiating 42 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 10,257 K.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
National Prize for Musical Arts (Chile)
The National Prize for Musical Arts (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Artes Musicales) was created in Chile in 1992 under Law 19169 as one of the replacements of the National Prize of Art. It is granted "to the person who has distinguished himself by his achievements in the respective area of the arts" (Article 8 of the aforementioned law). It is part of the National Prize of Chile.

The prize, which is awarded every two years, consists of a diploma, the sum of 6,576,457 pesos (US$8,665) which is adjusted every year, according to the previous year's consumer price index, and a pension of 20 monthly tax units (approximately US$1,600).

National Prize of Art of Chile
The National Prize of Art of Chile, was created on November 9, 1942. It was awarded yearly since 1944 and alternated the mention among Painting or Sculpture, Music and Theatre. In 1992, it was replaced by the National Prizes of Plastic Arts, Musical Arts and Arts of the Representation and Audiovisual, respectively.
Chinese Sign Language
Chinese Sign Language (abbreviated CSL or ZGS; simplified Chinese: 中国手语; traditional Chinese: 中國手語; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shǒuyǔ) is the main sign language used in China. It is not related to the Taiwanese Sign Language used in Taiwan. Manually coded Mandarin is referred to as Wénfǎ Shǒuyǔ (simplified Chinese: 文法手语; traditional Chinese: 文法手語; lit. 'grammatical sign language').

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
1978 Australian Championship of Makes
The 1978 Australian Championship of Makes was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for car manufacturers. 
The championship was contested over a five-round series.

Round 1, ABE Copiers 250, Oran Park, New South Wales, 30 July

Round 2, Hang Ten 400, Sandown, Victoria, 10 September

Round 3, Rothmans 250, Adelaide International Raceway, South Australia, 22 October

Round 4, Rothmans 300, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, 5 November

Round 5, McEwan Spanners Twin 250, Calder, Victoria, 2 & 3 December

All rounds were contested by Group C Touring Cars which competed in three classes according to engine capacity.

Up to 2000cc

2001 to 3000cc

3001 to 6000cc

Championship points were awarded at each round on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places in each class.
Only the best placed car from each manufacturer in each class was eligible to score points and points could not be aggregated across classes.

Australian Manufacturers' Championship
The Australian Manufacturers' Championship was a motor racing title awarded by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) to the winning car manufacturer in an annual series of races held throughout Australia. Whilst the first two championships were open only to Group E Series Production Touring Cars subsequent championships through to 1991 were run to the same regulations as the Australian Touring Car Championship. The title has been revived twice since then, firstly in 1994 as a championship open to 2-litre Class II Touring Cars (soon to become known as Super Touring Cars) and from 2008 as a series for production cars, incorporating the Australian Production Car Championship.

For 2016 the Australian Manufacturers' Championship has been replaced by the Australian Production Car Series.
Dumnonii
The Dumnonii or Dumnones were a British tribe who inhabited Dumnonia, the area now known as Cornwall and Devon (and some areas of present-day Dorset and Somerset) in the further parts of the South West peninsula of Britain, from at least the Iron Age up to the early Saxon period. They were bordered to the east by the Durotriges tribe.

Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.
Ibrahim Afellay
Ibrahim Afellay (Arabic: إبراهيم أفيلاي; born 2 April 1986) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger. He currently works for Dutch broadcaster NOS as a football pundit.

He played youth football at Elinkwijk before joining the PSV Eindhoven youth academy at age 10. After debuting in 2004, he represented PSV for eight seasons, helping them to four Eredivisie titles before moving to Barcelona for €3 million in January 2011. Rarely used by Barcelona and marred by injury, he was loaned to Schalke 04 and Olympiacos before signing for Stoke City in 2015. Afellay spent three seasons with Stoke before ending his career back at PSV.

Making his Netherlands national team debut in 2007, Afellay appeared at the 2010 World Cup, contributing to the Dutch side finishing in second place in the tournament. He was also present at Euro 2008 and Euro 2012, making over 50 appearances in total.

2005–06 Eredivisie
The 2005–06 season of the Eredivisie began in August 2005 and ended in May 2006. PSV Eindhoven became champion on April 9, 2006. The season was overshadowed by the death of FC Utrecht player David di Tommaso.
Mawin Maneewong
Mawin Maneewong (Thai: มาวิน มณีวงษ์; born 5 November 1996) is a member of the Thailand men's national volleyball team who plays as a setter. He played for AFVC for 8 years and debuted in Thailand men's national volleyball team in 2015.

Thailand men's national volleyball team
The Thailand men's national volleyball team (Thai: วอลเลย์บอลชายทีมชาติไทย) represents Thailand in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches, governed by Thailand Volleyball Association.

The team won a gold medal in the 2023 AVC Men's Challenge Cup at the Taipei, Taiwan and represent AVC at the 2023 FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup for finding one team to qualify for the 2024 VNL. The tournament was held at Aspire Ladies Sports Hall in Doha, Qatar, between 28 and 30 July 2023.
Mackenrodt
Mackenrodt is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Birkenfeld (district)
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkŋ̍fɛlt]) is a district (Landkreis) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is the town of Birkenfeld. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Sankt Wendel (Saarland), Trier-Saarburg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bad Kreuznach and Kusel.
Experimental Mechanized Force
The Experimental Mechanized Force (EMF) was a brigade-sized formation of the British Army. It was officially formed on 1 May 1927 to investigate and develop the techniques and equipment required for armoured warfare and was the first armoured formation of its kind in the world. It was renamed the Armoured Force the following year. The Royal Air Force (RAF) took part in the exercises and demonstrated the value of ground–air co-operation.

For two years the EMF participated in exercises which demonstrated the capabilities of mechanised forces against traditionally organised and trained infantry and cavalry. The force was controversial in the army and was disbanded in February 1929. The EMF and AF were followed by experiments with a Tank Brigade in 1931, which had three mixed battalions of medium and light tanks and a battalion of Carden Loyd machine-gun carriers for reconnaissance.

No. 11 Squadron RAF
No. 11 or XI Squadron (sometimes featuring an 'F' to represent its historic fighter role (No. 11(F) or XI(F) Squadron)), is "the world's oldest, dedicated fighter unit" and continues the traditions established by the similarly numbered Royal Flying Corps squadron, established in 1915. The squadron was reactivated in 2006 to operate the Typhoon F2.
History of Bombay under British rule (1661–1947)
Bombay, also called Bom baim in Portuguese, is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world.

The city was once an archipelago of seven islands, obtained by the Portuguese via the Treaty of Bassein (1534), from the Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.

The island group would later form part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal. Her 23 June 1661 Marriage Treaty gifted the islands to Charles II of England, along with the port of Tangier, trading privileges in Brazil and the Portuguese East Indies, religious and commercial freedom for English residents in Portugal, and two million Portuguese crowns (about £300,000), on completion of the marriage.

The Islands of Bombay were regarded as a political and financial liability and were leased by Charles, to the English East India Company, on 27 March 1668, for a nominal £10 rent.

Old Woman's Island
The Old Woman's Island, also known as Little Colaba is one of the seven islands composing the city of Mumbai, India, and part of the historic Old Mumbai.

The Colaba Causeway built in 1838, connected this last island to the mainland of Mumbai, along with the island of Colaba.
Korean War in popular culture
Many films, books, and other media have depicted the 1950—53 Korean War. The TV series M*A*S*H is one well known example. The 1959 novel The Manchurian Candidate has twice been made into films. The 1982 film Inchon about the historic battle that occurred there in September 1950 was a financial and critical failure. By 2000 Hollywood alone had produced 91 feature films on the Korean War. Many films have also been produced in South Korea and other countries as well.

The Volunteers: To the War
The Volunteers: To the War (Chinese: 志愿军：雄兵出击) is a 2023 Chinese war film directed by Chen Kaige. It is a tribute to commemorate the "70th Anniversary of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" as which it was perceived by that time in China. The film is adapted from Lan Xiaolong's novel "War and Sacrifice". Set during the Korean War, the film is intended to be the first installment of a planned trilogy from Chen depicting China's involvement in the war.

The film was released on 28 September 2023. The planned trilogy was completed with sequels released in September of 2024 and 2025.
Mont baung
Mont baung (Burmese: မုန့်ပေါင်း; pronounced [mo̰ʊɴ páʊɴ], lit. 'steamed cake') is a traditional Burmese snack or mont.

This snack is a molded rice cake that is typically filled with coconut shavings or red bean cooked in jaggery, and then steamed in a traditional clay pot. It bears a resemblance to the Malaysian and Singaporean putu piring or kuih tutu, though It is comparably larger in size.

Sagaing holds an annual mont baung festival, during the full moon day of Nadaw, at the Weluwun Ngahtatgyi temple precincts (ဝေဠုဝန်ငါးထပ်ကြီးဘုရား).

Rice cake
A rice cake may be any kind of food item made from rice that has been shaped, condensed, or otherwise combined into a single object. A wide variety of rice cakes exist in many different cultures in which rice is eaten. Common variations include cakes made with rice flour, those made from ground rice, and those made from whole grains of rice compressed together or combined with some other binding substance.
Shimenkan Dam
The Shimenkan Dam (石门坎) is an arch dam on the Lixian River (李仙江), straddling the border between Ning'er and Mojiang County in Yunnan Province, China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its power station has an installed capacity of 130 MW. Construction began in 2007 and the dam was complete in 2010. The dam is 116 m (381 ft) tall and creates a reservoir with a capacity of 197,000,000 m3 (159,710 acre⋅ft).  It is the second dam in the Lixian River cascade.

Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
Prince regent
A prince regent or princess regent is a prince or princess who, due to their position in the line of succession, rules a monarchy as regent in the stead of a monarch, e.g., as a result of the sovereign's incapacity (minority or illness) or absence (e.g., by remoteness, such as exile or long voyage, or the absence of an incumbent).

While the term itself can have the generic meaning and refer to any prince or princess who fills the role of regent, historically it has mainly been used to describe a small number of individual princes and princesses who were regents of non-principalities.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Rigby & Peller
Rigby & Peller is a British luxury lingerie brand and retailer. The company was founded in 1939 by Gita Peller, a Jewish Hungarian refugee who settled in London, and Bertha Rigby, an English corsetière, with a shop in South Molton Street in London's West End. As of 2011, they had seven stores as well as a website.

Corsetmaker
A corsetmaker is a specialist tailor who makes corsets. Corsetmakers are frequently known by the French equivalent terms corsetier (male) and corsetière (female). Staymaker is an obsolete name for a corsetmaker.
Fond
In the culinary arts, fond is a contraction of fonds de cuisine which is loosely described as "the foundation and working capital of the kitchen". In its native usage, fond refers to the sauce created by dissolving the flavorful solid bits of food (sucs) stuck to a pan or pot after cooking. In English-speaking countries, it often refers to the bits themselves. These bits are deglazed with a liquid in order to produce a stock, broth, or sauce. The name is an abbreviated form of the French word fondation (foundation in English).

Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.

Expert chefs are in charge of making meals that are both aesthetically beautiful and delicious. This often requires understanding of food science, nutrition, and diet. Delicatessens and relatively large institutions like hotels and hospitals rank as their principal workplaces after restaurants.
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate (HCO−3), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations. The condition typically cannot last long if the kidneys are functioning properly.

Acid–base disorder
Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38). It can exist in varying levels of severity, some life-threatening.
Richmond High School (Richmond, Kentucky)
Richmond High School (1900–1973), was a segregated public high school for African-American students in Richmond, Kentucky (Madison County, Kentucky). The school offered classes for grades 9-12 and enrollment never exceeded 150. It never graduated a class of more than 50 students in its existence. The official name of the school was Richmond High and Elementary School.

In 1956, Richmond High was integrated into the city high school for white students (Madison) as the Richmond City Board of Education carried out the Supreme Court's Brown decision. A gradual integration program was initiated that year as sophomores, juniors and seniors from Richmond High were enrolled at Madison High. By 1960, freshmen were admitted as well. Richmond Junior High and Elementary remained open through the 1972–73 school year.

It was then closed and was soon occupied by Richmond's Telford Community Center, and later the Telford YMCA Community Center.

Richmond, Kentucky
Richmond is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 34,585 as of the 2020 census, making it the state's seventh-largest city. It is the principal city of the Richmond–Berea micropolitan area, which includes all of Madison and Rockcastle counties and had 123,000 residents in 2020.

The city is named after Richmond, Virginia and is home to Eastern Kentucky University. Richmond is the county seat of Madison County and serves as the center for work and shopping in south-central Kentucky. Richmond is home to numerous festivals, notably the Millstone Festival.
Mitchell Donald
Mitchell Glenn Donald (born 10 December 1988) is a former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He previously played for AFC Ajax, where he went through the youth program. Born in the Netherlands, he played for the Suriname national team.

Johan Cruyff Shield
The Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal, pronounced [ˌjoːɦɑŋ ˈkrœyf ˌsxaːl]) is a football trophy in the Netherlands named after Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff, also often referred to as the Dutch Super Cup. The winner is decided in one match only, played by the winner of the national football league, Eredivisie, and the winner of the national KNVB Cup. In the event of a team winning both the Eredivisie and the KNVB Cup, the Johan Cruyff Shield will be contested between that team and the runner up in the national league.