hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2nd Minnesota Cavalry Regiment
The 2nd Minnesota Cavalry Regiment was a Minnesota USV cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The 2nd Minnesota Cavalry Regiment was mustered at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. for three year's service on December 5, 1863, and were mustered out on November 17, 1865, and May 4, 1866. It served entirely in Minnesota, Dakota Territory, and Montana Territory guarding the frontier against the Sioux Indians.  In 1864 the 2nd Minnesota Cavalry was headquartered at Fort Snelling under Colonel Robert Neil MacLaren.

James L. Fisk
James Liberty Fisk (ca. 1835 – 1902) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War who promoted settlement of the western United States. He led four expeditions from Minnesota to Montana in the 1860s, before resigning his commission and settling there himself.
Hammarö Municipality
Hammarö Municipality (Swedish: Hammarö kommun) is a municipality in Värmland County in west central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Skoghall.

The municipality was created from Hammarö parish in 1863, and its territory has not been affected by the great municipal reforms of 1952 and 1971. With a land area of only 56.9 square kilometres (22.0 sq mi) it is Sweden's 12th smallest, as well as the smallest in Värmland County.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
2016 German Open
The 2016 German Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 110th edition of the German Open and part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2016 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, Germany, from 11 July until 17 July 2016. Seventh-seeded Martin Kližan won the singles title.

2016 ATP World Tour
The 2016 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2016 tennis season. The 2016 ATP World Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000s, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2016 calendar were the tennis events at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Hopman Cup, neither of which distributed ranking points.
Jürgen Gröbler
Jürgen Heinz Lothar Gröbler OBE (born 31 July 1946, Magdeburg) is a German rowing coach, formerly the Olympic team coach of East Germany and later of Great Britain. He coached crews to medals at ten Olympiads from 1972 to 2016, with the exception of the 1984 Games, which were boycotted by Eastern Bloc countries.

Matthew Pinsent
Sir Matthew Clive Pinsent, CBE (/ˈpɪnsənt/; born 10 October 1970) is an English rower and broadcaster. During his rowing career, he won 10 world championship gold medals and four consecutive Olympic gold medals.

Since retiring, he has worked as a sports broadcaster for the BBC.
1995 Aloha Bowl
The 1995 Jeep Eagle Aloha Bowl was a college football bowl game, played as part of the 1995–96 bowl game schedule of the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the 11th Aloha Bowl.  It was played on December 25, 1995, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game matched the UCLA Bruins of the Pac-10 Conference against the Kansas Jayhawks of the Big 8 Conference in Terry Donahue's final game as head coach of the Bruins.

Aloha Bowl
The Aloha Bowl was a college football bowl game played in Honolulu, Hawaii, at Aloha Stadium. Certified by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the game featured teams from Division I-A (later known as the Football Bowl Subdivision).
1949 Dutch Supercup
The inaugural Dutch Supercup (Dutch: Nederlandse Supercup) was held on 25 June 1949 at the Goffertstadion in Nijmegen. The match featured the 1948–49 winners of the league title SVV, and, the winners of the 1948–49 KNVB Cup, Quick 1888. Both goals were scored in the second half.

The match was held to commemorate the forty-year existence of the Nijmegen section of the KNVB. There would not be another Dutch Supercup held until 1991.

Johan Cruyff Shield
The Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal, pronounced [ˌjoːɦɑŋ ˈkrœyf ˌsxaːl]) is a football trophy in the Netherlands named after Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff, also often referred to as the Dutch Super Cup. The winner is decided in one match only, played by the winner of the national football league, Eredivisie, and the winner of the national KNVB Cup. In the event of a team winning both the Eredivisie and the KNVB Cup, the Johan Cruyff Shield will be contested between that team and the runner up in the national league.
Rondo Hatton
Rondo Hatton (April 22, 1894 – February 2, 1946) was an American journalist and actor. After writing for The Tampa Tribune, Hatton found a career in film due to his unique facial features, which were the result of acromegaly. He headlined horror films with Universal Studios near the end of his life, earning him a reputation as a cult icon.

Tiny Ron Taylor
Ronald "Tiny Ron" Taylor (November 21, 1947 – November 28, 2019) was an American film actor and former basketball player, known for his work in feature films such as The Rocketeer (1991) and Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), and in television series such as Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, and as Al, the very tall police detective whose face is always out of frame in the Police Squad! and The Naked Gun franchise. His roles tended to exploit his 7 ft (2.13 m) frame.
Methylammonium bromide
Methylammonium bromide in an organic halide with the formula of CH3NH3Br. It is the salt of methylammonium and bromide. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid.

The methylammonium halides are precursors to perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated.

Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table. Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains.  Although uncommon, chronic toxicity from bromide can result in bromism, a syndrome with multiple neurological symptoms. Bromide toxicity can also cause a type of skin eruption, see potassium bromide. The bromide ion has an ionic radius of 196 pm.
Quit lit (alcohol cessation)
Quit lit is a literary genre on alcohol cessation, the name can be interpreted as "literature of quiting" or "quit being lit (drunk)". Examples include the Alcoholics Anonymous Big Book, as well as self-help books. Recent books, in particular in partially autobiographic ones focus on women, examples include Wishful Drinking and This Naked Mind.

Literary genre
A literary genre is a category of literature. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or length (especially for fiction). They generally move from more abstract, encompassing classes, which are then further sub-divided into more concrete distinctions. The distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined, and even the rules designating genres change over time and are fairly unstable.

Genres can all be in the form of prose or poetry. Additionally, a genre such as satire, allegory or pastoral might appear in any of the above, not only as a subgenre (see below), but as a mixture of genres. They are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed.
Killing House
52°05′02″N 2°47′45″W﻿ / ﻿52.08397°N 2.79571°W﻿ / 52.08397; -2.79571

The Killing House, a shoot house, is the Special Air Service's prime training facility for hostage rescue operations. The point of the Killing House is to train the SAS operatives to enter a room and be able to assess the situation and shoot any threats. The Counter-Terrorism team of SAS uses it for close-quarters battle (CQB) training.

The Killing House is located at the Stirling Lines barracks, near Hereford. It is a two storey building with four rooms on each level. It is designed just like a conventional building, with furniture, pictures, toilets, etc. The building has special rubber-coated walls to absorb bullets, extractor fans to clear out fumes, and video cameras in corners to record the action in the rooms. Each room has at least one metal target. The idea of the Killing House has been adopted by other elite units, including America's Delta Force, the FBI, Israeli special forces, FSK (of Norway).

Stirling Lines
Stirling Lines is a British Army garrison in Credenhill, Herefordshire; the headquarters of the 22 Special Air Service Regiment (22 SAS), Special Reconnaissance Regiment (SRR) and 18 (UKSF) Signal Regiment. The site was formerly a Royal Air Force (RAF) non-flying station for training schools, known as RAF Credenhill.
Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Pronunciation respelling
A pronunciation respelling is a regular phonetic respelling of a word that has a standard spelling but whose pronunciation according to that spelling may be ambiguous, which is used to indicate the pronunciation of that word. Pronunciation respellings are sometimes seen in word dictionaries.

The term should not be confused with pronunciation spelling which is an ad hoc spelling of a word that has no standard spelling. Most of these are nonce words though some have achieved a certain amount of standardization, e.g., the informal use of the word gonna to represent an informal pronunciation of going to.
National Theater of the United States of America
National Theater of the United States of America was an experimental theater company in New York City active from 2000 to 2017. The theater has no connection with the American government; the name was intended to be humorous.

The troupe was founded in 2007 by Jesse Hawley, James Stanley, Ryan Bronz, Yehuda Duenyas, Mark Doskow, and Jonathan Jacobshas. They were lauded by Gothamist as a "mischievous gang of innovators (that) represents some of the best attributes of downtown "experimental" theater". The New York Times praised the troupe of having "stealthily become one of the most exciting and eccentric young theater companies in town".

Experimental theatre
Experimental theatre (also known as avant-garde theatre), inspired largely by Wagner's concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, began in Western theatre in the late 19th century with Alfred Jarry and his Ubu plays as a rejection of both the age in particular and, in general, the dominant ways of writing and producing plays. The term has shifted over time as the mainstream theatre world has adopted many forms that were once considered radical.

Like other forms of the avant-garde, it was created as a response to a perceived general cultural crisis. Despite different political and formal approaches, all avant-garde theatre opposes bourgeois theatre. It tries to introduce a different use of language and the body to change the mode of perception and to create a new, more active relation with the audience.
Southern Birifor language
Southern Birifor is a Gur language of the Niger–Congo family. It is spoken by about 200,000 people, mainly in Ghana, particularly in Upper West and Northern regions, with perhaps ten thousand in Zanzan district of Ivory Coast.

Gur languages
The Gur languages, also known as Central Gur or Mabia, belong to the Niger–Congo languages. They are spoken in the Sahelian and savanna regions of West Africa, namely: in most areas of Burkina Faso, and in south-central Mali, northeastern Ivory Coast, the northern halves of Ghana and Togo, northwestern Benin, and southwestern Niger. A few Gur languages are spoken in Nigeria. Additionally, a single Gur language, Baatonum, is spoken in Benin and in the extreme northwest of Nigeria. Three other single Gur languages, the Tusya, Vyemo and Tiefo languages, are spoken in Burkina Faso. Another unclassified Gur language, Miyobe, is spoken in Benin and Togo. In addition, Kulango, Loma and Lorhon, are spoken in Ghana, Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso. Additionally, a few Mossi speakers are in Senegal, and speakers of the Dagaare language are also found in Cameroon. The Samu languages of Burkina Faso are Gur languages.
Grizzly Smith
Aurelian "Grizzly" Smith (August 1, 1932 – June 12, 2010) was an American professional wrestler. He was the father of professional wrestlers Jake "The Snake" Roberts, Rockin' Robin, and Sam Houston.

Smith began wrestling in 1958. After retiring in the late-1970s, he held various backstage positions with promotions including Mid-South Wrestling, the World Wrestling Federation, and World Championship Wrestling.

Smith has been the subject of allegations of repeated sexual abuse of minors, including several of his own children. His son, WWE Hall of Famer Jake the Snake, was the result of Smith's rape of his mother.

NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version)
The Vancouver version of the NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship was established in 1962 as the top tag team title in NWA All-Star Wrestling. The title held that status until late summer 1985, when the title was renamed the UWA Tag Team Championship upon All-Star Wrestling's departure as a member of the National Wrestling Alliance, aside from the period from June 1966 to December 1967, when the promotion had a version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship, which was abandoned after that time.
Gutach im Breisgau
Gutach im Breisgau (German pronunciation: [ˈɡuːtax ʔɪm ˈbʁaɪsɡaʊ], lit. 'Gutach in the Breisgau'; Low Alemannic: Guetich im Brisgau) is a municipality in the district of Emmendingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Gutach includes six villages:

Gutach

Bleibach

Siegelau

Stollen

Kregelbach

Oberspitzenbach

Emmendingen (district)
Emmendingen (German: Landkreis Emmendingen) is a Landkreis (district) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Ortenaukreis, Schwarzwald-Baar, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and the district-free city Freiburg. To the west it borders the French département Bas-Rhin.
Abu Yasir Hassan
Abu Yasir Hassan (born 1981 to 1983), also known as "Yaseer Hassan" or as "Abu Qasim", is a Tanzanian national who currently serves as one of the leaders of the Islamic State's Mozambique province. By August 2020, the group had evolved into a proto-state after the group captured Mocímboa da Praia and several other areas of Cabo Delgado Province.

Islamic State – Mozambique Province
The Islamic State – Mozambique Province or ISMP is an administrative division of the Islamic State (IS), a Salafi jihadist militant group. Established in May 2022 after splitting from the Islamic State – Central Africa Province in 2022, ISMP operates primarily in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado Province and to a lesser extent the Niassa Province and Nampula Province.
Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching), sharing resources and managing interactions. Concurrency improves responsiveness, throughput, and scalability in modern computing, including:

Operating systems and embedded systems

Distributed systems, parallel computing, and high-performance computing

Database systems, web applications, and cloud computing

Indeterminacy in concurrent computation
Indeterminacy in concurrent computation is concerned with the effects of indeterminacy in concurrent computation. Computation is an area in which indeterminacy is becoming increasingly important because of the massive increase in concurrency due to networking and the advent of many-core computer architectures. These computer systems make use of arbiters which gives rise to indeterminacy.
Lingenfeld
Lingenfeld (Palatine German: Lingefeld) is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approximately 5 km north-west of Germersheim, and 10 km south-west of Speyer.

Lingenfeld has about 5,800 citizens (2020) and is continuously growing because of its good connections to nearby cities such as Speyer, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Karlsruhe via the S-Bahn ("suburban railway").

Lingenfeld is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Lingenfeld.

Germersheim (district)
Germersheim (German: [ˈɡɛʁmɐsˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Südliche Weinstraße, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the district Karlsruhe as well as the district-free city of Karlsruhe, and the French département Bas-Rhin.
The Second Bounce of the Ball
The Second Bounce of the Ball: Turning Risk into Opportunity  is a non-fiction book about entrepreneurship, written by Sir Ronald Cohen and first published in 2007 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London. The book discusses what it takes to become a successful entrepreneur, and contains biographical anecdotes from the author and the company he founded, Apax Partners.  The book's title comes from Cohen's incorrect belief that the second bounce of a ball is difficult to predict.

Apax Partners
Apax Partners LLP is a British private equity firm, headquartered in London, England. The company also operates out of six other offices in New York, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Tel Aviv, Munich and Shanghai. As of March 2024, the firm had raised and advised funds of approximately US$77 billion. Apax Partners is one of the oldest and largest private equity firms operating on an international basis.

Apax invests across three sectors: technology, internet/consumer and services. It looks for investments in a target Enterprise Value of $100–5,000 million.

Apax raises capital for its investment funds through institutional investors including corporate and public pension funds, university and college endowments, foundations and fund of funds.
Electoral results for the district of Monaro
Monaro, also known as Maneroo (1856–58), Monara (1858–1879) and Manaro (1894–1904), an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, has had two incarnations, from 1858 to 1920 and from 1927 to the present.

Results of the 1889 New South Wales colonial election
The 1889 New South Wales colonial election was for 137 members representing 74 electoral districts. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. In this election there were 37 multi-member districts returning 100 members. In these multi-member districts each elector could vote for as many candidates as there were vacancies. 10 districts were uncontested. The average number of enrolled voters per seat was 1,955, ranging from Boorowa (1,142) to Canterbury (4,129).
Potawatomi Hotel Casino
Potawatomi Casino Hotel, formerly Potawatomi Bingo Casino, is a Native American casino in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, owned and operated by the Forest County Potawatomi Community. The building stands at a height of 264 feet (80.5m) and it first opened its doors March 7, 1991. Located on Canal Street in the Menomonee Valley near Downtown Milwaukee, this entertainment destination offers a variety of entertainment options, including a 20-table poker room, multiple restaurants and dining options, a food court (with several vendors/small restaurants), and a Las Vegas-style Sportsbook with a video wall measuring over 2,000 square feet  (formerly the Northern Lights Theater). It's a popular destination spot for visitors outside of Milwaukee.

Native American gaming
Native American gaming comprises casinos, bingo halls, slots halls and other gambling operations on Indian reservations or other tribal lands in the United States. Because these areas have tribal sovereignty, states have limited ability to forbid gambling there, as codified by the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988. As of 2024, there were 532 gambling operations run by 243 tribes, with a total annual revenue of $43.9 billion.
Duchess of Luynes
Duchess of Luynes is a patience or card solitaire game played with two packs of playing cards. It is a member of the  Sir Tommy family.  A unique feature of this game is the building of the reserve, which is not used until the entire stock runs out.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Cursor warping
Mouse warping or cursor warping is the positioning of the cursor by the system rather than by the user's manipulation. For example, some window managers –  such as afterstep, awesome, and wmii –  automatically position the pointer to the centre of the current application window when that application is made current.

Warping can also refer to shifting the mouse between monitors.

Tiling window manager
In computing, a tiling window manager is a window manager with the organization of the screen often dependent on mathematical formulas to organise the windows into a non-overlapping frame. This is opposed to the more common approach used by stacking window managers, which allow the user to drag windows around, instead of windows snapping into a position. This allows for a different style of organization, although it departs from the traditional desktop metaphor.
Isaac Touro
Isaac Touro (1738 – 8 December 1783) was a Dutch-born American rabbi. He was a Jewish leader in colonial America. Born in Amsterdam, in 1758 he left for Jamaica. In 1760, he arrived  in Newport, Rhode Island, to serve as hazzan and spiritual leader of Jeshuath Israel, a Portuguese Sephardic congregation.  Soon after his arrival, the congregation built the Touro Synagogue, the oldest synagogue in the United States.

When the American Revolution broke out, Touro was a Loyalist, and when the British captured Newport in 1776, he remained in the city with his wife Reyna and their children, while many of his Whig congregants fled. In 1779, he moved with the British to New York, but he had no means of supporting himself there, and was dependent on British charity, so in 1782 he moved to Kingston, Jamaica, where he died in 1783.

His sons Abraham and Judah were renowned philanthropists.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.