hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Function and Concept
"Function and Concept" (German: "Funktion und Begriff", "Function and Concept") is a lecture delivered by Gottlob Frege in 1891. The lecture involves a clarification of his earlier distinction between concepts and objects. It was first published as an article in 1962.

Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.
Kinsley Park
Kinsley Park was an athletic field, used for professional football, minor league baseball and pro soccer, located in Providence, Rhode Island at the corner of Kinsley Avenue (north, third base) and Acorn Street (west, first base), across Acorn from the Nicholson File Company Mill Complex. The field was used primarily by Providence Steam Roller, Providence Grays and the Providence Gold Bugs. The park was built primarily by Peter Laudati, a prominent Providence real estate developer and a part-owner of the Providence Steam Roller. He also built the Steam Roller's second stadium, the Cycledrome.

Nicholson File Company Mill Complex
The Nicholson File Company Mill Complex is a historic industrial manufacturing complex at 1-45 Acorn Street in Providence, Rhode Island.  It consists of 24 buildings occupying 7 acres (2.8 ha) of land, of which 20 are historically significant.  The oldest of the buildings were built in 1865 to designs by William Nicholson, and the complex was regularly expanded over the decades through the early 20th century.  The Nicholson File Company was a major producer of machine-made files, started by William Nicholson in 1859.  The company manufactured precision tools used in the manufacture of armaments during the American Civil War for the Union Army, and closed the plant in 1959.  It has been used by a variety of light industrial concerns since then.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Khoksi
Khoksi (Nepali: :खोक्सी) is a village within the Bariyarpatti  Rural municipality of the Siraha District in Province No. 2 of south-eastern Nepal. It is neighboured by Jankinagar to the east, Sripur from the north, Bariyarpatti to the west and Gargamma to the south. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2166 people living in 391 individual households. Previously it was under the Village development committee of Jankinagar in the 1991 Nepal census. Now it is part of the Bariyarpatti Rural Municipality. It is divided into four areas (Tolas): Purab Tola (East Area) or (Chouk), Musalman Tola (Muslim Area), Koriyani (West Area), and Baniya Tola (Middle Area). It is a Hindu Muslim and Christian-dominated village. The ward commissioner of Bariyarpatti Rural Municipality from Ward No 2 is Bijay Kumar Mahato who took office from 25 September 2017.

Siraha
Siraha (Nepali: सिराहा, sirāhā) is the headquarters and municipality of Siraha District, a part of Madhesh Province, Nepal. Siraha had a population of 28,442 according to the census of 2011. and a population of 82,531 as of 2015. The current population of Siraha municipality as of census 2022, is 96,543. It has a male population of 47,306 and female population of 49,237. The present mayor of Siraha Municipality is  Arman Siddiqui and Deputy Mayor is Babita Kumari Sah. Both assumed office on 25 May 2022. His predecessor  mayor was Asheswor Yadav and the deputy mayor was Dr. Namita Yadav. Both assumed office on 25 September 2017 and their last working day was on 24 May 2022.  The town is at 80 metres (260 ft) altitude, 29 kilometres (18 mi) ESE of Janakpur.
Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov
Abdurakhman Genazovich Avtorkhanov (Russian: Абдурахман Геназович Авторханов; Chechen: Ӏабдурахьма́н Гена́зович Авторха́нов, 23 October 1908 – 24 April 1997) was a Soviet historian and Kremlinologist of Chechen origin who during the Cold War authored popular books on the Soviet Union and its ruling system. He wrote under several Russian pseudonyms, but since the Dissolution of the Soviet Union some of his works have been republished under his real name.

Initially a devoted Communist Party functionary who experienced imprisonment during the Great Terror, Avtorkhanov escaped from the totalitarian USSR with German help to Europe during the Second World War (not long before the Soviets deported the Chechens). After the war, he stayed in West Germany, worked as a professor at the U.S. Army Russian Area School and became a co-founder of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.

Historiography in the Soviet Union
Soviet historiography is the methodology of history studies by historians in the Soviet Union (USSR). In the USSR, the study of history  was marked by restrictions imposed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Soviet historiography is itself studied in modern historiography.
Jordanus (constellation)
Jordanus (the Jordan River) was a constellation introduced in 1612 (or 1613) on a globe by Petrus Plancius and first shown in print by ‍‍Jakob Bartsch ‍in ‍his ‍book ‍‍Usus ‍Astronomicus ‍Planisphaerii ‍Stellati ‍(1624).

One end lay in the present-day Canes Venatici and then it flowed through the areas now occupied by Leo Minor and Lynx, ending near Camelopardalis.  This constellation was not adopted in the atlases of Johann Bode and fell into disuse.

Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (Arabic: نهر الشريعة), is a 251-kilometre-long (156 mi) endorheic river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and drains to the Dead Sea. The river passes by or through Jordan, Syria, Israel, and Palestine.

Jordan and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights border the river to the east, while Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank derive their names in relation to the river. The river holds major significance in Judaism and Christianity. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed it into the Promised Land and Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist in it.
Yekyi
Yekyi (Burmese: ရေကြည်မြို့) is a town in the north-central Ayeyarwady Region,south-west Myanmar. It is the seat of the Yekyi Township in the Kyonpyaw District and is divided into 5 wards. The town sits on the southern bank of the Shwegu creek and curves with the meander of the creek.

Yekyi is on the Pathein-Monywa highway connecting towns west of the Irrawaddy River in the lowlying central Burmese basin. This location provides easy access for produce and goods to travel in and out of the town. However, according to a 2019 study, Yekyi was the least travelled destination for travellers from Pathein likely because the town only has one bus stop.

Monywa
Monywa (Burmese: မုံရွာမြို့, MLCTS: muṃ rwa mrui.; pronounced [mòʊɰ̃jwà mjo̰]) is a city in Sagaing Region, Myanmar, located 136 kilometres (85 mi) north-west of Mandalay on the eastern bank of the River Chindwin. Monywa is one of the most economically important cities in Myanmar. It is also known as 'Neem City' because many of the city's streets are lined with neem trees.
Funada Stone Age Site
Funada Stone Age Site (船田石器時代遺跡, Funada sekki-jidai iseki) is the name for an archaeological site with the remnant of a late Jōmon period settlement located in the Nagabusa neighborhood of the city of Hachiōji, Tokyo in the Kantō region of Japan. It received protection as a National Historic Site in 1928.

Hachiōji
Hachiōji (八王子市, Hachiōji-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 31 March 2021, the city has an estimated population of 561,344, and a population density of 3,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 186.38 km2 (71.96 sq mi). It is the most populous city in Tokyo outside of the special wards.
In 2015, it was designated as a core city for the first time in Tokyo. It was the second city in Tokyo Prefecture (present-day Tokyo) to implement the municipal system after Tokyo City (present-day Tokyo's 23 wards).
Early Middle Japanese
Early Middle Japanese (中古日本語, Chūko-Nihongo) is a stage of the Japanese language between 794 and 1185, which is known as the Heian period (平安時代). The successor to Old Japanese (上代日本語), it is also known as Late Old Japanese. However, the term "Early Middle Japanese" is preferred, as it is closer to Late Middle Japanese (中世日本語, after 1185) than to Old Japanese (before 794).

Mora (linguistics)
A mora (pl. morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a smallest unit of timing, equal to or shorter than a syllable, that theoretically or perceptually exists in some spoken languages in which phonetic length (such as vowel length) matters significantly. For example, in the Japanese language, the name of the city Ōsaka (おおさか) consists of three syllables (O-sa-ka) but four morae (O-o-sa-ka), since the first syllable, Ō, is pronounced with a long vowel (the others being short). Thus, a short vowel contains one mora and is called monomoraic, while a long vowel contains two and is called bimoraic. Extra-long syllables with three morae (trimoraic) are relatively rare. Such metrics based on syllables are also referred to as syllable weight. In Japanese, certain consonants also stand on their own as individual morae and thus are monomoraic.

The term comes from the Latin word for 'linger, delay', which was also used to translate the Greek word χρόνος : chrónos ('time') in its metrical sense.
Neo Kian Hong
Neo Kian Hong is a Singaporean civil servant and former lieutenant-general who served as Chief of Defence Force between 2010 and 2013.

Neo served as the chief executive officer of SMRT Corporation between 2018 and 2022. Prior to that, he had served as Permanent Secretary (Defence Development) in the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and Permanent Secretary (Education Development) in the Ministry of Education (MOE) after leaving the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF).

Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera)
The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera) (English: Public Administration Medal (Military)) is a decoration awarded to members of the Singapore Armed Forces for meritorious service in command or staff positions, and has three grades:

Emas (Gold)

Perak (Silver) (Bar)

Perak (Silver)

Gangsa (Bronze)

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PPA, and may include the grade in brackets - e.g.: PPA(E).

The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam is the civil equivalent award.
Brevet
In military terminology, a brevet (/brəˈvɛt/ or /ˈbrɛvɪt/ ⓘ) is a warrant which gives commissioned officers a higher military rank as a reward without necessarily conferring the authority and privileges granted by that rank.  The promotion would be noted in the officer's title (for example, "Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain" or "Bvt. Col. Arthur MacArthur"). It is not to be confused with a Brevet d'état-major in Francophone European military circles, where it is an award, nor should it be confused with temporary commissions.

Military terminology
Military terminology refers to the terms and language of military organizations, personnel, and military doctrine. Much like other forms of corporate jargon, military terminology is distinguishable from colloquial language by its use of new or repurposed words and phrases typically only understandable by current and former members of the military or associated companies and agencies.
Empty book
Empty books or blank books are novelty books whose title indicates that they treat some serious subject, but whose pages have been left intentionally blank. The joke is that "nothing" is the answer to whatever the title of the book asserts.

A number of such titles have been published as attempts at satire or polemic, to some commercial success. In 2017, The Guardian commented that the trend of publishing political empty books had led to "the noble art of political parody [descending] into a one-joke turn that avoids words".

Novelty item
A novelty item is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence "novelty", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons, slippers, or toilet paper. The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions. Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be a souvenir.
Barry Town United F.C.
Barry Town United Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Tref Y Barri) is a semi-professional association football team based in Barry, Wales. They currently play in the Cymru Premier.

They are known for representing Wales in Europe as winners of the Welsh top flight and Welsh Cup during the 1990s and early 2000s and have also competed in England's Southern League and FA Cup. The team, which has contained more than 50 full internationals, is now run by supporters. They play at their traditional home of Jenner Park, Barry, which holds 3,500 spectators.

NSÍ Runavík
NSÍ Runavík is a Faroese professional football club, playing in Runavík on the island of Eysturoy. It was founded 24 March 1957. In 2003 NSÍ participated for the first time on a European stage.

In 2007, the club won the Faroe Islands Premier League for the first time.

The club has won the Faroe Islands Cup in 1986, 2002 and 2017. Aside from these instances, NSÍ Runavík featured in the 1980, 1985, 1988, 2004 and 2015 tournament finals.

The club plays in yellow and black. Their stadium (Við Løkin) has a capacity of 2,000. It is not approved by UEFA for international play, so Runavík play their UEFA Europa League matches at Tórsvøllur in Tórshavn or Svangaskarð in Toftir. The main sponsor of NSÍ is Navigare, which is based in Runavík near Bakkafrost which is the largest salmon-farming company in the Faroe Islands. It is one of the biggest private employers in the islands, if not the biggest.
Eddy pumping
Eddy pumping is a component of mesoscale eddy-induced vertical motion in the ocean. It is a physical mechanism through which vertical motion is created from variations in an eddy's rotational strength. Cyclonic eddies lead primarily to upwelling, while anticyclonic eddies lead primarily to downwelling. It is a key mechanism driving biological and biogeochemical processes in the ocean such as algal blooms and the carbon cycle.

Spring bloom
The spring bloom is a strong increase in phytoplankton abundance (i.e. stock) that typically occurs in the early spring and lasts until late spring or early summer. This seasonal event is characteristic of temperate North Atlantic, sub-polar, and coastal waters. Phytoplankton blooms occur when growth exceeds losses, however there is no universally accepted definition of the magnitude of change or the threshold of abundance that constitutes a bloom. The magnitude, spatial extent and duration of a bloom depends on a variety of abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors include light availability, nutrients, temperature, and physical processes that influence light availability, and biotic factors include grazing, viral lysis, and phytoplankton physiology. The factors that lead to bloom initiation are still actively debated (see Critical depth).
Josie Knight
Josie Knight (born 29 March 1997) is a British professional racing cyclist who has at various stages represented Ireland, Great Britain and England. Born in Buckinghamshire, England, her family moved to Dingle, Co. Kerry in Ireland during her early infancy. Knight competed for Ireland prior to 2018, winning silver at the European Junior Championships in the team pursuit.

Following her transfer to Team GB in 2018, Knight was part of the British team that won the silver medal in the team pursuit at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She also won a bronze medal in the same event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. She is a two-time world and three-time European champion in the team pursuit, and in both 2024 and 2026, she became the European champion in the individual pursuit. As of February 2026, she is the world-record holder in the individual pursuit.

2026 UEC European Track Championships
The 2026 UEC European Track Championships was the seventeenth edition of the elite UEC European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at the Konya Velodrome in Konya, Turkey, from 1 to 5 February 2026.
Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.

Hobli
A hobli, nad or mágani is a cluster of adjoining villages administered together for tax and land tenure purposes in the states of Karnataka India.  This clustering of villages was formed mainly to streamline the collection of taxes and maintenance of land records by the revenue department of the state. Each hobli consists of several villages and several hoblis together form a taluk. Hobli are further subdivided into revenue-circles or revenue blocks known as firka or phut mágani.
.257 Roberts
The .257 Roberts, also known as .257 Bob, is a medium-powered .25 caliber rifle cartridge. It has been described as the best compromise between the low recoil and flat trajectory of smaller calibers such as the 5 mm (.22 in) and 6 mm (.24 in), and has more energy, but is harder recoiling, similar to larger hunting calibers, such as the 7 mm (.28 in) and 7.62 mm (.30 in).

Nominal bullet diameter of the .257 Roberts is .257 inches (6.5 mm). The .257 Roberts uses the same caliber bullets as .250 Savage or the more powerful .25-06 Remington. Barrel rifling diameter, from which calibers derive their designations, is 0.250 inches (6.35 mm).

5 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 5.00 to 5.99 mm (0.197 to 0.236 in) caliber range.

Length refers to the cartridge case length.

OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge.

All measurements are in mm (in).
Santa Maria Egiziaca a Forcella
Santa Maria Egiziaca a Forcella, also known as the Church of Santa Maria Egiziaca all'Olmo, is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located in the quartiere di Forcella, in the city of Naples, Italy.

Luca Giordano
Luca Giordano (18 October 1634 – 3 January 1705) was an Italian late-Baroque painter and printmaker in etching. Giordano was one of the most celebrated artists of the Neapolitan Baroque, whose vast output included altarpieces, mythological paintings and many decorative fresco cycles in both palaces and churches. He moved away from the dark manner of early 17th-century Neapolitan art as practised by Caravaggio and his followers and Jusepe de Ribera, and, drawing on the ideas of many other artists, above all the 16th-century Venetians and Pietro da Cortona, he introduced a new sense of light and glowing colour, of movement and dramatic action. He was internationally successful and travelled widely, working in Naples, Rome, Florence, and Venice, before spending a decade in Spain.
Luj Yaj
Lue Yang (RPA: Luj Yaj, Pahawh: 𖬆𖬶𖬞 𖬖𖬰𖬤) is a popular Hmong singer from Thailand. He is considered to be one of the most well known of Hmong singers to date. He gained notoriety when two of his songs appeared in a Hmong dubbed Thai film called "Kev Hlub Txiav Tsis Tau". Those two songs were "Nco Koj Ib Leeg" (Miss You Only), which later became known to many under the title of "Nco Kuv Me Me" (Miss Me A Little), and "Nyob Ib Leeg" (Living Alone). "Nco Koj Ib Leeg" and "Nco Kuv Me Me" are his most famous works, and still remain popular among Hmong youth in America.

He has also starred in movies like "Vim Tsawg Ib Los Lus", and was the first Hmong singers from Thailand to have come to the United States.

S.T. Universal Video introduced Luj Yaj to the Hmong entertainment industry in the early 1990s. The production company is also credited for introducing Tsab Mim Xyooj, Pov Thoj, Maiv Muas, and other well-known artists in the mid-1990s.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.
Novhorod-Siverskyi
Novhorod-Siverskyi (Ukrainian: Новгород-Сіверський, IPA: [ˈnɔu̯ɦorod ˈs⁽ʲ⁾iwersʲkɪj], Russian: Новгород-Северский, Novgorod-Severskiy), historically known as Novhorod-Siversk (Ukrainian: Новгород Сіверськ) or Novgorod-Seversk (Russian: Новгород-Северск), is a historic city in Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion, although until 18 July 2020 it was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. Novhorod-Siverskyi is situated on the bank of the Desna River, 330 kilometres (210 mi) from the capital, Kyiv. It hosts the administration of Novhorod-Siverskyi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The city's population is 12,375 (2022 estimate).

The Tale of Igor's Campaign
The Tale of Igor's Campaign (Old East Slavic: Слово о пълкѹ Игоревѣ, romanized: Slovo o pŭlku Igorevě) is an anonymous epic poem written in the Old East Slavic language. The poem gives an account of a failed raid of Igor Svyatoslavich (d. 1202) against the Polovtsians of the Don River region. While some have disputed the authenticity of the poem, the current scholarly consensus is that the poem is authentic and dates to the Middle Ages (late 12th century).

The Tale of Igor's Campaign was adapted by Alexander Borodin as an opera and became one of the great classics of Russian theatre.  Entitled Prince Igor, it was first performed in 1890.
AN/TPS-44
The AN/TPS-44 is a transportable 2-dimensional air search radar produced in the United States originally by Cardion Electronics. The main components of the system are a shelter (where the crew operates it) and the foldable antenna. These components are the two loads into which the system can be broken down, and packed into two M35 trucks for road transport, or airlifted via helicopter or cargo plane.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/TPS-44" designation represents the 44th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for ground transportable search radar system. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Joint Electronics Type Designation System
The Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), which was previously known as the Joint Army-Navy Nomenclature System (AN System. JAN) and the Joint Communications-Electronics Nomenclature System, is a method developed by the U.S. War Department during World War II for assigning an unclassified designator to electronic equipment. In 1957, the JETDS was formalized in MIL-STD-196.

Computer software and commercial unmodified electronics for which the manufacturer maintains design control are not covered.