hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qiao Xuan
Qiao Xuan (110 – 6 June 184), courtesy name Gongzu, was an influential official during the Eastern Han dynasty of China.

Born in a scholarly family, he began his career as a local county officer and eventually gained fame for his sense of justice. His career included roles as Left Commandant in Luoyang, Chancellor of the Qi State, and Administrator of various commanderies. Qiao Xuan was known for his sternness, but also for his humility and respect towards others. He had a keen eye for talent and was one of the first to recognize the potential of Cao Cao, a warlord who later rose to power.

Although he is associated with the Qiao sisters in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," historical records suggest that it is unlikely that he was their father.

Fan Ye (historian)
Fan Ye (398 – 23 January 446), courtesy name Weizong (蔚宗), was a Chinese historian, philosopher, and politician of the Liu Song dynasty during the Southern and Northern dynasties period. He was the compiler of the historical text Book of the Later Han. The fourth son of Fan Tai (范泰), Fan Ye was born in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang, but his ancestral home was in Nanyang, Henan. After his birth, he was made heir of his father's cousin Fan Hongzhi (范弘之).

He was a noted atheist who heavily criticised Buddhism, Yin and Yang, and the concept of the Mandate of Heaven. To this end, he cited Zhang Heng's scientific studies as evidence.

In January 446, Fan Ye was accused of rebellion and executed, along with many associates including his son Fan Ai (范藹).
Beeston Urban District
Beeston was an urban district in Nottinghamshire, England, from 1894 to 1935.

The urban district was created by the Local Government Act 1894 on the borders of the Beeston Civil Parish and the Beeston Urban Sanitary District. It bordered the county borough of Nottingham in the north east, Stapleford Rural District in the north west, two different disconnected parts of the Basford Rural District to the north and south, and to the west the South East Derbyshire Rural District and Long Eaton in Derbyshire.

In 1935 it was merged by a County Review Order with Stapleford Rural District into the Beeston and Stapleford Urban District, and is now part of Broxtowe Borough Council.

South East Derbyshire Rural District
South East Derbyshire was a rural district in Derbyshire, England from 1894 to 1974.  It covered an area to the south-east of Derby.

It was formed as Shardlow rural district under the Local Government Act 1894, mainly from the Derbyshire part of the Shardlow rural sanitary district (the Leicestershire part becoming Castle Donington Rural District, and most of the Nottinghamshire part becoming Stapleford Rural District).

It also administered the parishes of Ratcliffe on Soar and Kingston on Soar in Nottinghamshire – these became part of Leake Rural District in 1927.

The district was renamed South East Derbyshire in 1959.  It was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, with the parishes of Breadsall, Breaston, Dale Abbey, Draycott and Church Wilne, Hopwell, Little Eaton, Morley, Ockbrook, Risley, Sandiacre, Stanley, Stanton by Dale and West Hallam going on to form part of the new Erewash district, with the rest becoming part of a new South Derbyshire district.
Azar Bigdeli
Hajji Lotf-Ali Beg Azar Bigdeli, better known as Azar Bigdeli (Persian: آذر بیگدلی; "Azar" was his pen name; 1722–1781), was an Iranian anthologist and poet. He is principally known for his biographical anthology of some 850 Persian-writing poets, the Atashkadeh-ye Azar (lit. 'Azar's Fire Temple'), which he dedicated to Iranian ruler Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751–1779). Written in Persian, the Persian studies academic J.T.P. de Bruijn considers it "the most important Persian anthology of the eighteenth century". Azar was a leading figure of the bazgasht-e adabi (lit. 'literary return') movement, which sought to return the stylistic standards of early Persian poetry.

Jalal Matini
Jalal Matini (Persian: جلال متینی; 1928 – 19 January 2025) was an Iranian scholar of Persian literature, particularly renowned for his expertise on the epic Shahnameh by Ferdowsi, and contemporary Iranian studies. He is also known for producing the critical edition of the Kush Nama.

Prior to the 1979 Iranian revolution, Matini was a professor and president of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran). After emigrating to the United States, Matini taught Persian literature at the University of California, Berkeley and at Harvard University, and founded the journals Iran-Nameh, and Iran-Shenasi. He died on 19 January 2025, at the age of 96.
Cameraria pentekes
Cameraria pentekes is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from British Columbia in Canada, and California and Washington in the United States.

The length of the forewings is 3–5 mm.

The larvae feed on Quercus douglasii and Quercus lobata. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine is oblong to ovoid. The epidermis is opaque to green yellow. Mines are all located to one side of the midrib on the lower half of the leaf. They are found along the leaf margin or the midrib and solitary with some leaves supporting more than one mine, usually with many minute parallel folds, occasionally
with one or two, more or less pronounced.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Château de Lupfen-Schwendi
Château de Lupfen-Schwendi is a castle in the former commune of Kientzheim (now Kaysersberg Vignoble), in the department of Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France. It has been listed since 1994 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

The castle was originally built by Jean I de Lupfen, Prince-Bishop of Constance, one of the counts of Lupfen, known in German as Johann von Lupfen, some time before his death in 1536. Ownership passed to Lazarus von Schwendi, who also owned Château du Hohlandsbourg, who rebuilt part of the castle and extended it.

Since 1972, the castle has been owned by la Confrérie Saint-Etienne, a local gastronomic society, which has housed a museum dedicated to wine in one of the buildings since 1980.

Château du Hohlandsbourg
The Château du Hohlandsbourg or Hohlandsberg is a ruined castle in the commune of Wintzenheim, near Colmar, in the Haut-Rhin département of France. It is open to the public between Easter and 11 November.
John W. Cahn
John Werner Cahn (January 9, 1928 – March 14, 2016) was an American scientist and recipient of the 1998 National Medal of Science. Born in Cologne, Weimar Germany, he was a professor in the department of metallurgy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1964 to 1978. From 1977, he held a position at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards). Cahn had a profound influence on the course of materials research during his career. One of the foremost authorities on thermodynamics, Cahn applied the basic laws of thermodynamics to describe and predict a wide range of physical phenomena.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Queen Victoria Hospital
The Queen Victoria Hospital (QVH), located in East Grinstead, West Sussex, England is the specialist reconstructive surgery centre for the south east of England, and also provides services at clinics across the region. It has become world-famous for its pioneering burns and plastic surgery.  The hospital was named after Queen Victoria. It is managed by the Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Proposals that the trust should be taken over by University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust in 2021 were objected to by the governors of the trust.  In September 2021 66% of the consultants said they had no confidence in the chief executive.  In September 2022 the merger plans were abandoned.

Reconstructive surgery
Reconstructive surgery is surgery performed to restore normal appearance and function to body parts malformed by a disease, medical condition, or injury. The field of reconstructive surgery includes a wide range of sub-specialties including plastic surgery, craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, reconstructive microsurgery, and surgical treatment of burns and scars.
Maxillary ectopic canine
An ectopic maxillary canine is a canine which is following abnormal path of eruption in the maxilla. An impacted tooth is one which is blocked from erupting by a physical barrier in the path of eruption. Ectopic eruption may lead to impaction. Previously, it was assumed that 85% of ectopic canines are displaced palatally, however a recent study suggests the true occurrence is closer to 50%. While maxillary canines can also be displaced buccally, it is thought this arises as a result of a lack of space. Most of these cases resolve themselves with the permanent canine erupting without intervention.

Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth. In the context of the upper jaw, they are also known as fangs. They can appear more flattened, however, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They developed and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Individuals of most species that develop them normally have four, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most species, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. 
The four canines in humans are the two upper maxillary canines and the two lower mandibular canines.
They are specially prominent in dogs (Canidae), hence the name.
Noor Haki
Noor Basil Haki (Arabic: نور باسل حقي; born March 31, 1979) is an Iraqi former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She was the first woman to represent Iraq at the Olympics.

Haki competed for Iraq in the women's 50 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, in an entry time of 30.15. She challenged six other swimmers in heat two, including Cambodia's two-time Olympian Hem Raksmey and Maldives' 13-year-old Fariha Fathimath. Entering the race with a fastest-seeded time, she faded down the stretch to pick up a last seed in 35.51, more than five seconds below her entry standard. Haki failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed seventy-first overall in the prelims.

Fariha Fathimath
Fariha Fathimath (born March 10, 1987) is a Maldivian former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Fathimath competed for the Maldives, as a 13-year-old, in the women's 50 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, in an entry time of 34.66. She challenged six other swimmers in heat two, including Cambodia's two-time Olympian Hem Raksmey. Braving against the deep waters of an Olympic-size pool, Fathimath fought off a sprint battle from Raksmey to grab a sixth seed in a new Maldivian record of 32.36 and cut off her entry standard by more than two seconds. Fathimath's best effort was not enough to put her through to the semifinals, as she placed sixty-ninth overall in the prelims.
Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3
Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy, and is a follow-up to the 2012 release Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 and several earlier EPs from the popular show.  The album has sold 23,000 copies in the United States as of February 2015.

The songs are performed by The Forest Rangers, the "house band" of the series led by Bob Thiele Jr. The Forest Rangers serve as the Sons Of Anarchy house band, which includes the show's music composer Bob Thiele Jr, Greg Leisz (guitar/banjo), John Philip Shenale (keyboards), Lyle Workman (guitar), Dave Way (recording Engineer and Sergeant at Arms), Davey Faragher (bass), Brian Macleod (drums) and Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner.

Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2
Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy, and is a follow-up to the 2011 release Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4 and several earlier EPs from the popular show. Songs include covers of 
"Sympathy for the Devil," "Higher Ground," and "Travelin' Band," as well as several original tracks. Performers include Jane's Addiction, with most tracks performed by longtime SOA contributors The Forest Rangers.

The Forest Rangers serve as the Sons Of Anarchy house band, which includes the show's music composer Bob Thiele Jr, Greg Leisz (guitar/banjo), John Philip Shenale (keyboards), Lyle Workman (guitar), Dave Way (recording Engineer and Sergeant at Arms), Davey Faragher (bass), Brian Macleod (drums) and Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner.
Webbs Creek, New South Wales
Webbs Creek is a scattered village of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the City of Hawkesbury north-west of Wisemans Ferry. It is bounded in the south-west by the Hawkesbury River and is traversed by the creek from which it is named.

Webbs Creek's population at the 2006 census was 204. Its population was not calculated at the 2011 census.

City of Hawkesbury
The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area that is located on the far northwest fringe of the Greater Sydney area in New South Wales, Australia. The local government area is located in the Hawkesbury and Blue Mountains regions. Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River. Major towns in the City of Hawkesbury are Windsor and Richmond. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr. Les Sheather, an independent.
Purple Heart
The Purple Heart (PH) is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the president to those wounded or killed while serving, on or after 5 April 1917, with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of a heart made of purple cloth, the Purple Heart is the oldest military award still given to U.S. military members. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located in New Windsor, New York.

5/16 inch star
A 5⁄16-inch star (9.7 mm) is a miniature gold or silver five-pointed star that is authorized by the United States Armed Forces as a ribbon device to denote subsequent awards for specific decorations of the Department of the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service (PHS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). A gold star indicates a second or subsequent decoration, while a silver star is worn in lieu of five gold stars.

A 5⁄16-inch silver star is not to be confused with representing a Silver Star medal.
Dylan Olsen
Dylan D. Olsen (born January 3, 1991) is an American and Canadian former professional ice hockey player, who most recently played with the Wichita Thunder of the ECHL. Olsen played for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Olsen was drafted 28th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. He played his junior hockey with the Camrose Kodiaks of the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL), and played college ice hockey at the University of Minnesota Duluth of the NCAA.

Wichita Thunder
The Wichita Thunder are a minor league hockey team based in Wichita, Kansas. The team played in the Central Hockey League from 1992 until 2014, and then in the ECHL since the 2014–15 season. From 1992 until December 2009, the Thunder played in the Britt Brown Arena located in the northern Wichita suburb of Park City. In January 2010 (the second half of the 2009–10 season), the team began playing its home games at the newly built Intrust Bank Arena. The Thunder are currently the ECHL affiliate of the San Jose Sharks.
2022 Grand Prix Hassan II
The 2022 Grand Prix Hassan II was a professional tennis tournament played in Marrakesh, Morocco on clay courts.

It was the 36th edition of the tournament and was classified as an ATP Tour 250 event on the 2022 ATP Tour. It took place from 4 April to 10 April 2022 after the COVID-19 pandemic forced the postponement of the event twice consecutively from its original schedule of 6 to 12 April 2020.

Grand Prix Hassan II
The Grand Prix Hassan II is an annual men's tennis tournament on the ATP Tour and is currently part of the ATP Tour 250 series. The event is played on clay courts and was held annually at the Complexe Al Amal in Casablanca, Morocco through 2015, before relocating to Marrakesh in 2016. Between 1984 and 1989 it was part of the Challenger Series.  It is currently the only ATP event held in Africa. The tournament is usually held in April though it has been held in March before and is a lead up tournament for the French Open.
Kodava Maaple
The Kodava Maaple, also known as Jamma Maaple, is a Muslim community residing in Kodagu district of Karnataka in southern India. They are Sunnis of the Shafi'i school of thought (madhab), and contract marriage alliances with Mappilas and Bearys. They speak Kodava takk, although now they do follow some Mappila and Beary customs also.

Beary
The Beary (also known as Byari) are a community concentrated along the southwest coast of India, mostly in the Mangalore district of the south Indian state of Karnataka.

The Beary community of Tulunadu is among the earliest Muslim inhabitants of India, with a clear history of more than 950 years.
Lake Alexandrina (New Zealand)
Lake Alexandrina (Māori: Whakatukumoana) is a lake located in the Mackenzie Basin of New Zealand's South Island. It lies immediately to the west of the much larger Lake Tekapo and further to the east of Lake Pukaki, located to the north of Lake Tekapo township. It is a shallow lake with distinct indications of glacial origin and is spring fed with an outlet on its eastern shore midway down the lake. The outlet feeds into a smaller lake, Lake MacGregor before feeding into Lake Tekapo described as “Opaque and milky blue” in colour. In the desert terrain of the Mackenzie Plains, Lake Alexandrina is considered as an “oasis of life”.
Lake Alexandrina is a Wildlife Refuge and a delight to a fisherman, well documented for its brown and rainbow trout and salmon.

Lake Pukaki
Lake Pukaki (Māori: Pūkaki) is the largest of three roughly parallel alpine lakes running north–south along the northern edge of the Mackenzie Basin on New Zealand's South Island. The others are Lakes Tekapo and Ōhau. All three lakes were formed when the terminal moraines of receding glaciers blocked their respective valleys, forming moraine-dammed lakes. The Alps2Ocean mountain bike trail follows the edge of Lake Pukaki for part of its length.
Kaike Rural Municipality
Kaike (Nepali: काईके गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Dolpa District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The rural municipality is divided into total 7 wards and the headquarters of the rural municipality is situated at Sahartara.

Sahartara
Sahartara  is a village development committee in Dolpa District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1511 persons living in 339 individual households.
TARANIS
TARANIS (Tool for the Analysis of Radiation from lightning and Sprites) was an observation satellite of the French Space Agency (CNES) which would have studied the transient events produced in the Earth's atmospheric layer between 10 km (6.2 mi) and 100 km (62 mi) altitude. TARANIS was launched in November 2020 with SEOSat-Ingenio aboard Vega flight VV17 and would have been placed in a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 676 km, for a mission duration of two to four years, but the rocket failed shortly after launch.

Upper-atmospheric lightning
Upper-atmospheric lightning and ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown phenomena that occur well above the altitudes of normal lightning and storm clouds. Upper-atmospheric lightning is believed to be electrically induced forms of luminous plasma. The preferred usage is transient luminous event (TLE), because the various types of electrical-discharge phenomena in the upper atmosphere lack several characteristics of the more familiar tropospheric lightning.

Transient luminous events have also been observed in far-ultraviolet images of Jupiter's upper atmosphere, high above the altitude of lightning-producing water clouds.
2006 China Open (tennis)
The 2006 China Open was an ATP International Series and WTA Tour Tier II tennis tournament held in Beijing, China.  The men's tournament was held September 11–18, and the women's was held September 18–25

Marcos Baghdatis won his first title of the year, and of his career. Svetlana Kuznetsova won her 2nd title of the year.

China Open (tennis)
The China Open is a hardcourt tennis tournament organized by the Chinese Tennis Association annually at the China National Tennis Center in Beijing, China. It is held in late September and early October. The women's event is a WTA 1000 event on the WTA Tour, while the men's is an ATP 500 event on the ATP Tour. The total prize money for the 2023 tournament is US$11.62 million, the highest for tournaments of the same level.

The tournament was first held in 1993, discontinued in 1998, and reinstated in 2004. In 2006, the China Open became the first tournament outside the United States to use the Hawk-Eye system in match play.
Harvey Mansion
Harvey Mansion is a historic home located at New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1793, and is a three-story, brick dwelling with an exposed basement. The house was built by John Harvey who used it as a residential home and also for commercial space. The Harvey was a multi-purpose building for hundreds of years since it was first erected. Throughout its lifetime The Harvey has been an apartment house, a family owned restaurant, boarding school, military academy, and temporary barracks for elements of the Union Army and was the original home of what is now Craven Community College.

It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971.

Craven Community College
Craven Community College is a public community college with its main campus in New Bern, North Carolina. It also has campuses in Havelock and Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point. Established in 1965, it was originally an extension of Lenoir Community College—Craven IEC (Industrial Education Center). It later added degree-awarding programs in several technical fields and became a technical institute. In the early 1970s, college-transfer degrees were added and the school became a community college. It is part of the North Carolina Community College System.

Technical and transfer programs are offered to students. There are three campuses: New Bern (main campus), Havelock and MCAS Cherry Point in Craven County, North Carolina.