hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hegesippus (chronicler)
Hegesippus (Ancient Greek: Ἡγήσιππος; c. 110 – c. 180 AD), also known as Hegesippus the Nazarene, was a Christian writer of the early Church who, in spite of his Greek name, may have been a Jewish convert and certainly wrote against heresies of the Gnostics and of Marcion.

Liberian Catalogue
The Liberian Catalogue (Latin: Catalogus Liberianus) is a list of the bishops of Rome from Peter to Liberius (died 366). For each bishop, the list gives the lengths of his episcopate, the corresponding consular dates and the names of the reigning emperors. In many cases there are other details. The catalogue is found in copies of the Chronography of 354, a "collection of tracts .. edited (apparently by one Furius Dionysius Philocalus) in 354".

The Liberian Catalogue is clearly the work of a compiler using earlier texts. It has been suggested that it is largely dependent on a work of Bishop Hippolytus of Rome (died 235), and is his lost Chronica. The character of the entries changes after Pontian. There are a number of "strange errors" (Edmundson 1913, lecture VIII) in the Liberian Catalogue, some of which may be the product merely of copyist errors. The texts in the Chronography do display damage in transmission.
Russell Latapy
Russell Nigel Latapy CM (born 2 August 1968) is a Trinidadian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, and is currently the assistant coach of Macarthur. In a senior career which spanned more than twenty years at both club and international level, he played in Portugal (eight years with three clubs, most notably Porto) and Scotland (eleven seasons representing four teams, Hibernian, Rangers, Dundee United and Falkirk).

Latapy gained 81 caps for the Trinidad and Tobago national team. As a member of the squad that competed at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Latapy was awarded the Chaconia Medal (Gold Class), the second highest state decoration of Trinidad and Tobago.

1998–99 Scottish First Division
The 1998–99 Scottish First Division was won by Hibernian who bounced straight back up to the Scottish Premier League after relegation the previous season and finished 23 points ahead of nearest challengers Falkirk.  Hamilton Academical and Stranraer were relegated to the Second Division. In the case of Stranraer, they didn't manage to compete well enough in this division following on from their promotion a year earlier.
Shlomo Aronson (landscape architect)
Shlomo Aronson (Hebrew: שלמה אהרונסון; November 27, 1936 – September 12, 2018) was an Israeli landscape architect. His works range from master plans for reforestation to archaeological parks and freeway planting schemes to urban plazas.

Mevaseret Zion
Mevaseret Zion (Hebrew: מבשרת ציון, lit. 'Herald of Zion') is a town and local council located 10 km (6 mi) to the west of Jerusalem, straddling both sides of the Jerusalem–Tel Aviv highway. Mevaseret Zion is composed of two distinct older townships, Maoz Zion and Mevaseret Yerushalayim, under the jurisdiction of one local council. The newer neighborhoods of Mevaseret Zion were not part of either township.

Mevaseret Zion is located on a mountain ridge 750 m (2,460 ft) above sea level, on the outskirts of Jerusalem.  In 2023 it had a population of 24,409, spread over 15 neighborhoods. It is the wealthiest municipality per capita in the Jerusalem District. Mevaseret Zion's current mayor is Yoram Shimon.
2012 Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic season
The 2012 Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic season saw Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic compete in the 2012 ANZ Championship. With a team coached by Noeline Taurua, captained by Laura Langman and featuring Leana de Bruin, Irene van Dyk, Julianna Naoupu and Casey Williams, Magic eventually won the premiership. They became the fifth team in as many seasons to win the title. Magic lost their first four matches. However, they subsequently won 12 matches in a row to finish third during the regular season and champions overall. In the minor semi-final they defeated Adelaide Thunderbirds and in the preliminary final they defeated Northern Mystics after extra time. In the grand final they defeated Melbourne Vixens 41–38. As a result, they became the first, and only, New Zealand team to win the Championship. They were also the first and only team to start the season with four defeats and win the title and the first and only team to finish third in the regular season and win the title.

Northern Mystics
Northern Mystics are a New Zealand netball team based in Auckland. Between 2008 and 2016, they played in the ANZ Championship. Since 2017 they have represented Netball Northern in the ANZ Premiership. Netball Northern is the governing body that represents the Auckland and Northland Regions. The Mystics have won three ANZ Premiership titles in 2021, 2023 and 2024.
Arrow (symbol)
An arrow is a graphical symbol, such as ←, ↑, ↓ or →, or a pictogram, used to point or indicate direction. In its simplest form, an arrow is a triangle, chevron, or concave kite, usually
affixed to a line segment or rectangle, and in more complex forms a representation of an actual arrow (e.g., ➵ U+27B5). The direction indicated by an arrow is the one along the length of the line or rectangle toward the single pointed end.

Pictogram
A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphic symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a writing system which uses pictograms. Some pictograms, such as hazard pictograms, may be elements of formal languages.

In the field of prehistoric art, the term "pictograph" has a different definition, and specifically refers to art painted on rock surfaces. Pictographs are contrasted with petroglyphs, which are carved or incised.

Small pictograms displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate are called icons.
Yana Yana (Lima)
Yana Yana (Quechua yana black, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, "a complex of black color"; also spelled Yanayana) is a 5,303-metre-high (17,398 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochiri Province, on the border of the districts of Carampoma, Matucana and San Mateo, north of the Rimac River. Yana Yana lies southeast of Qarwa Ranra.

Cordillera Central (Peru)
The Cordillera Central (Spanish for central mountain range) is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W (or between 11°37' and 12°26'S and 75°30' and 76°18'W) for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.

The name Cordillera Central is also applied to one of the three ranges that cross Peru in a northwesterly direction between the Cordillera Occidental ("the western range") where the Cordillera Central of the Junín and Lima Regions is located and the Cordillera Oriental ("the eastern range").  The mountaineer Evelio Echevarría uses the term for the La Viuda range and the Khaskaqucha range.
Tampa Southern Railroad
The Tampa Southern Railroad was a subsidiary of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL) originally running from Uceta Yard in Tampa south to Palmetto, Bradenton, and Sarasota with a later extension southeast to Fort Ogden in the Peace River valley built shortly after.  It was one of many rail lines completed during the Florida land boom of the 1920s.  It was later known as the Atlantic Coast Line's Tampa—Southfort Line and Tampa—Sarasota Line on employee timetables.  Most of the remaining trackage (between Tampa and Bradenton) now serves as CSX Transportation's Palmetto Subdivision.  Another short portion just east of Sarasota also remains that is now operated by Seminole Gulf Railway.

Champion (train)
The Champion was a streamlined passenger train operated by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Florida East Coast Railway between New York City and Miami or St. Petersburg, Florida. It operated from 1939 until 1979, continuing under the Seaboard Coast Line and Amtrak. It was a direct competitor to the Seaboard Air Line Railway's Silver Meteor, the first New York-Florida streamliner.
Kaplas Peak
Kaplas Peak is a mountain with a peak elevation of 4,335 metres (14,222 ft), at the border of Kathua district, Udhampur district and Doda district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Kaplas Peak is part of Pir Panjal range, which is itself a part of Himalayan mountain range, and is located near Sarthal valley of Kathua district. It lies 36 km from Bhaderwah and 52 km north-northeast of Kathua.

Kathua district
Kathua district  is an administrative district in the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is surrounded by Jammu to the northwest, the Doda and Udhampur districts to the north, the state of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Punjab to the south, and Pakistan's working boundary to the west. Its terrain is diverse, consisting of rich agricultural areas along the Punjab/Kashmir border, plains sweeping eastward to the foothills of the Himalaya, and the mountainous Pahari region in the east.

Kathua district is divided into 8 blocks: Bani, Barnoti, Basholi, Billawar, Najot, Duggan, Ghagwal, Hiranagar, Kathua and Lohai Malhar. It has approximately 512 villages.

The traditional language of Kathua is Dogri with some Pahari influence. Pahari languages are prevalent in the mountainous area of the east. The principal media of education are English, Hindi, and Urdu.
Lake Arrowhead, Maine
Lake Arrowhead is a census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Waterboro and Limerick in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,071 at the 2010 census. The CDP corresponds to the area covered by the Lake Arrowhead Community, a large subdivision begun in the 1960s which surrounds Lake Arrowhead, an artificial lake on the Little Ossipee River. The community is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Umang Dam
Umang Dam, located on the south side of Finile Rd. in Agat, Guam, was built in 1898.  Also denoted 66-02-1868, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

The site is given an 1898 date of significance in the National Register, but is described as a 20th-century public work and as having been "built in the early 1920s, mainly for agricultural purposes" before and during World War II.

It was then the fifth site in Agat and the 122nd in Guam to be placed on the National Register, and was termed "instrumental in the livelihood of the people of Agat."

Hågat, Guam
Hågat (formerly Agat) is a village in the United States territory of Guam. It is located south of Apra Harbor on the island's western shore. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2010 census.

The village is 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Hagåtña, with most of the residents ethnic Chamorros, the indigenous people of Guam. Some of Agat's most notable sites are Mount Alifan, the Agat Marina, the Spanish Bridge, and War In The Pacific National Historical Park.
1847 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1847 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 13, 1847, in order to elect the governor of Maine. Incumbent Democratic governor John W. Dana won re-election against Whig nominee and former member of the Maine Senate David Bronson and Liberty Party candidate and former member of the Massachusetts State Senate Samuel Fessenden in a rematch of the previous election.

1846 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1846 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 14, 1846, in order to elect the Governor of Maine. Former acting governor and Democratic nominee John W. Dana defeated Whig nominee and former member of the
Maine Senate David Bronson and Liberty Party candidate and former member of the Massachusetts State Senate Samuel Fessenden. However, as no candidate received a majority of the total votes cast as was required by Maine law, the election was forwarded to the Maine legislature, who chose Dana as governor.
Tomu Ranju
Mayu Sakamoto (Japanese: 阪本 真由, Hepburn: Sakamoto Mayu; born 12 August 1975), known professionally as Tomu Ranju (蘭寿 とむ, Ranju Tomu) is a Japanese singer, TV and musical actress most widely recognized as Takarazuka Revue Flower Troupe's otokoyaku (男役 Takarazuka actresses who play male roles) top star from 2011 to 2014. Ranju is considered one of the triple threat actresses the revue has had in recent years and was selected to record songs for many of Takazuka albums, both while she was with the revue and after she left.

After her "graduation" (Takarazuka actresses may not rejoin the revue after they leave), Ranju began to actively pursue a career on stage, focusing mainly on musicals. She could also be seen on television, playing supporting roles and as TV show hosts.

In 2016, Ranju got married and became inactive ever since.

Sei Matobu
Sei Matobu (真飛 聖, Matobu Sei; born 13 October 1976) is a Japanese actress who is a former Hanagumi Top Star of the Takarazuka Revue. In addition to her stage roles, she has acted for television, feature films, radio and advertisements. She is represented by Watanabe Entertainment.

Born in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, she is nicknamed "Yuu" (ゆう, Yū). Sometimes, she was called "Unta" in her early school days. She graduated from Nakanobu Gakuen High School (now Hōyū Gakuin High School).
Aed (god)
Aed, or Aodh, is the prince of the Daoine Sidhe and a god of Irish mythology. He is known from inscriptions as the eldest son of Lir, High King of the Tuatha de Dannan, and Aoibh, a daughter of Bodb Dearg. Aed is elsewhere described in the Dindsenchas as being the Dagda's son and brother of Cermait and Aengus killed by Corchenn of Cruach for seducing Corchenn's wife.

Bodb Derg
In Irish mythology, Bodb Derg (Old Irish, pronounced [ˌboðβ ˈd̠ʲeɾɡ]) or Bodhbh Dearg (Middle Irish and Modern Irish, pronounced [ˌbˠoːw ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ]) was a son of Eochaid Garb or the Dagda, and the Dagda's successor as King of the Tuatha Dé Danann.
Csenge Bácskay
Csenge Mária Bácskay (born 4 April 2003) is a Hungarian artistic gymnast and the 2018 Youth Olympic silver medalist on vault. Additionally, she was a member of the team that won bronze at the 2020 European Championships. She represented Hungary at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Nebraska Cornhuskers women's gymnastics
The Nebraska Cornhuskers women's gymnastics team competes as part of NCAA Division I, representing the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the Big Ten Conference. Nebraska has hosted meets at the Bob Devaney Sports Center since 1976.

Since being established in 1975, the program has won twenty-five conference championships and qualified for the NCAA tournament twenty-nine times. Most of the program's success came under head coach Dan Kendig, who led NU for twenty-five years and made twelve Super Six appearances. Michelle Bryant, Heather Brink, and Richelle Simpson combined to win five individual NCAA championships and are among eighty-three Cornhuskers All-Americans. The team has been coached by Heather Brink since Kendig's retirement in 2019.
Modified Richardson iteration
Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Fry Richardson in his work dated 1910. It is similar to the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel method.

We seek the solution to a set of linear equations, expressed in matrix terms as

The Richardson iteration is

where  is a scalar parameter that has to be chosen such that the sequence  converges.

It is easy to see that the method has the correct fixed points, because if it converges, then  and  has to approximate a solution of .

Jacobi method
In numerical linear algebra, the Jacobi method (a.k.a. the Jacobi iteration method) is an iterative algorithm for determining the solutions of a strictly diagonally dominant system of linear equations. Each diagonal element is solved for, and an approximate value is plugged in. The process is then iterated until it converges. This algorithm is a stripped-down version of the Jacobi transformation method of matrix diagonalization. The method is named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.
Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment
MAPLE, short for the Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment, later renamed MDS Medical Isotope Reactors (MMIR), was a dedicated isotope-production facility built by AECL and MDS Nordion. It included two identical reactors, I and II, as well as the isotope-processing facilities necessary to produce a large portion of the world's medical isotopes, especially molybdenum-99, medical cobalt-60, xenon-133, iodine-131 and iodine-125.

An operational license for the MAPLE I reactor was granted in 1999, and the reactor went critical for the first time in early 2000. MAPLE II followed in the fall of 2003. Problems with the reactors during the testing period, most notably an unexpected positive power co-efficient of reactivity, led to the cancellation of the project in 2008 and the shutdown of both reactors.

National Research Universal reactor
46°3′15.53″N 77°21′52.12″W﻿ / ﻿46.0543139°N 77.3644778°W﻿ / 46.0543139; -77.3644778
The National Research Universal (NRU) reactor was a 135 MW nuclear research reactor built in the Chalk River Laboratories, Ontario, one of Canada’s national science facilities. It was a multipurpose science facility that served three main roles. It generated radionuclides used to treat or diagnose over 20 million people in 80 countries every year (and, to a lesser extent, other isotopes used for non-medical purposes). It was the neutron source for the NRC Canadian Neutron Beam Centre: a materials research centre that grew from the Nobel Prize-winning work of Bertram Brockhouse. It was the test bed for Atomic Energy of Canada Limited to develop fuels and materials for the CANDU reactor. At the time of its retirement on March 31, 2018, it was the world's oldest operating nuclear reactor.
Spineda
Spineda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Cremona.

Spineda borders the following municipalities: Commessaggio, Gazzuolo, Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti, Rivarolo Mantovano, Sabbioneta, San Martino dall'Argine.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Stagecoach Midlands
Stagecoach Midlands is a bus operator providing local and regional services across the Midlands region of England. It operates in the counties of Northamptonshire, Warwickshire and the West Midlands. The company is a subsidiary of the Stagecoach Group and is headquartered in Northampton.

National Express West Midlands
National Express West Midlands (NXWM) is a bus operator in the West Midlands of England. It is a subsidiary of Mobico Group (formerly National Express Group).

NXWM operates services in Birmingham, Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall, Wolverhampton and Solihull, as well as express services from Birmingham to areas such as Cofton Hackett, Bromsgrove, and formerly to the city of Coventry (now operated by National Express Coventry).
Islands of Chile
The islands of Chile encompass the various islands that the government of Chile has sovereignty over. By far the majority of these are the islands in the south of the country. Chile has one of the world's longest coastlines, and one of the most dangerous for boats; it is more than 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) long and has at least 43,471 islands.

Classifications vary for isla ("island"), islote ("islet"), roquerío ("rocks"), farallón ("cliff") and archipiélago or grupo ("archipelago"). The Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy has begun to consider island a surface greater than 100,000 m2 (1,100,000 sq ft).

Desolación Island
Desolación Island (Spanish: Isla Desolación) (Spanish for Desolation) is an island at the western end of the Strait of Magellan in the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region, Chile.

Its northwestern point is called Cabo Pilar (Cape Pillar), and marks the entrance to the Strait of Magellan. Off Cape Pillar are four rocks in the sea, called Islotes Evangelistas (the islets of the Evangelists).
Asahikawa Museum of Sculpture
Asahikawa Museum of Sculpture in Honor of Teijiro Nakahara (中原悌二郎記念旭川市彫刻美術館, Nakahara Teijirō Kinen Asahikawashi Chōkoku Bijutsukan) is a sculpture museum in Asahikawa, Hokkaidō, Japan. The building was called the Asahikawa Kaikōsha (旭川偕行社) and used as the officer's social club by the 7th Division of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1902 until 1945.  In 1968, it became the Asahikawa Museum of Local History (旭川市立旭川郷土博物館, Asahikawashiritsu Asahikawa Kyōdo Hakubutsukan). The building is designated an Important Cultural Property.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
Anterior nuclei of thalamus
The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are a collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus. They comprise the anteromedial, anterodorsal, and anteroventral nuclei.

Subiculum
The subiculum (Latin for "support") also known as the subicular complex, or subicular cortex, is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. It lies between the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 hippocampal subfield.

The subicular complex comprises a set of four related structures including the prosubiculum, presubiculum, postsubiculum and parasubiculum.