hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Archdiocese of Gandhinagar
The Archdiocese of Gandhinagar (Latin: Gandhinagaren(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Gandhinagar in India. The archdiocese is a metropolitan see with three suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province.

Gandhinagar
Gandhinagar (Gujarati: gāndhīnagara, pronounced ['ɡaːnd̪ʱinəɡəɾᵊ] ⓘ) is the capital of the state of Gujarat in India. Gandhinagar is located approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Ahmedabad, on the west central point of the industrial corridor between the megacities of Delhi and Mumbai.

Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about 545 kilometres (339 mi) north of Mumbai and 901 kilometres (560 mi) southwest of Delhi. 
The Akshardham temple is located in Gandhinagar. There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with Le Corbusier in Chandigarh.
Integral geometry
In mathematics, integral geometry is the theory of measures on a geometrical space invariant under the symmetry group of that space.  In more recent times, the meaning has been broadened to include a view of invariant (or equivariant) transformations from the space of functions on one geometrical space to the space of functions on another geometrical space.  Such transformations often take the form of integral transforms such as the Radon transform and its generalizations.

Positive real numbers
In mathematics, the set of positive real numbers,  is the subset of those real numbers that are greater than zero. The non-negative real numbers,  also include zero. Although the symbols  and  are ambiguously used for either of these, the notation  or  for  and  or  for  has also been widely employed, is aligned with the practice in algebra of denoting the exclusion of the zero element with a star, and should be understandable to most practicing mathematicians.

In a complex plane,  is identified with the positive real axis (or positive real half-axis), and is usually drawn as a horizontal ray. This ray is used as reference in the polar form of a complex number. The real positive axis corresponds to complex numbers  with argument
Wimbledon (electoral division)
Wimbledon was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Army general (East Germany)
Army general (German: Armeegeneral), was the highest peacetime general officer rank in the so-called armed organs of the GDR (Bewaffnete Organe der DDR), that is, the  Ministry of National Defence,  the Stasi, and the Ministry of the Interior. It is comparable to the four-star rank in many NATO armed forces. It was aligned with Soviet military doctrine and other armed forces of the Warsaw Pact.

The rank was reserved to minister level exclusively. Consequently, in the National People's Army service branches, Landstreitkräfte, Luftstreitkräfte/Luftverteidigung, Border troops, and Volksmarine there was no equivalent. However, if a Navy flag officer was designated or appointed Minister of National Defence he would be promoted to Flottenadmiral. When the armed organs of the GDR were disbanded in October 1990, the rank was abolished.

Land Forces of the National People's Army
The Land Forces of the National People's Army (German: Landstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee – LaSK) was the ground-based military branch of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) National People's Army (NPA). The Land Forces Command, located at Geltow, was established on 1 December 1972 as a management body created for the land forces. The NPA itself was created on March 1, 1956, from the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (Barracked People's Police).
ARMH3
ARMH3 or Armadillo Like Helical Domain Containing 3, also known as UPF0668 and c10orf76, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARMH3 gene. Its function is not currently known, but experimental evidence has suggested that it may be involved in transcriptional regulation. The protein contains a conserved proline-rich motif, suggesting that it may participate in protein-protein interactions via an SH3-binding domain, although no such interactions have been experimentally verified. The well-conserved gene appears to have emerged in Fungi approximately 1.2 billion years ago. The locus is alternatively spliced and predicted to yield five protein variants, three of which contain a protein domain of unknown function, DUF1741.

Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are covalently joined to one another as part of generating the mature RNA. Just as the entire set of genes for a species constitutes the genome, the entire set of exons constitutes the exome.
Quinine total synthesis
The total synthesis of quinine, a naturally occurring antimalarial drug, was developed over a 150-year period. The development of synthetic quinine is considered a milestone in organic chemistry although it has never been produced industrially as a substitute for natural occurring quinine. The subject has also been attended with some controversy: Gilbert Stork published the first stereoselective total synthesis of quinine in 2001, meanwhile shedding doubt on the earlier claim by Robert Burns Woodward and William Doering in 1944, claiming that the final steps required to convert their last synthetic intermediate, quinotoxine, into quinine would not have worked had Woodward and Doering attempted to perform the experiment. A 2001 editorial published in Chemical & Engineering News sided with Stork, but the controversy was eventually laid to rest once and for all when Robert Williams and coworkers successfully repeated Woodward's proposed conversion of quinotoxine to quinine in 2007.

Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Sarcosoma globosum
Sarcosoma globosum, or witches cauldron, is a species of fungus in the family Sarcosomataceae. It was first described in 1793 by Casimir Christoph Schmidel. Johann Xaver Robert Caspary transferred it to the genus Sarcosoma in 1891.

Also known as the charred-pancake cup, it is a near-threatened fungus native to Northern Europe. It is rarely found in some parts of northeastern North America, particularly in the Great Lakes region. To biologists' surprise, in 2021 it was found in Northern British Columbia.

The witches cauldron is an ascomycete or sac fungus, meaning that its microscopic structure utilizes the ascus, a spore-bearing cell, for sexual reproduction. It is a detritivore, and survives on decomposing plant matter, most commonly leaf litter. It is found in spruce forests and does not currently have any human uses.

Sarcosomataceae
The Sarcosomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 10 genera and 57 species. Most species are found in temperate areas, and are typically saprobic on rotten or buried wood.
Adobe Voco
Adobe VoCo is an unreleased audio editing and generating prototype software by Adobe that enables novel editing and generation of audio. Dubbed "Photoshop-for-voice", it was first previewed at the Adobe MAX event in November 2016. The technology shown at Adobe MAX was a preview that could potentially be incorporated into Adobe Creative Cloud. It was later revealed that Voco was never meant to be released and was meant to be a research prototype.

In 2023, Adobe introduced the ability to edit video by editing an AI-generated transcript of the video in Premiere Pro, demonstrating similar functionality to Voco.

Adobe Premiere Pro
Adobe Premiere (formerly Adobe Premiere Pro) is a video editing application developed by Adobe and is distributed as part of the Adobe Creative Cloud suite. It is primarily used for producing high-quality videos across various industries.
Kylie Leuluai
Kylie Leuluai (born 29 March 1978) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer. A New Zealand Māori and Samoa international representative prop, he most notably played at club level for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League. He also played club football in Australia for National Rugby League clubs; the Balmain Tigers, Wests Tigers, Sydney Roosters, Parramatta Eels, and the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles.

Leuluai was a massive part of the Leeds Rhinos success during his nine seasons at the club, winning a total of six Grand Finals, two World Club Challenges and two Challenge Cups in that time to make him the most successful overseas player in the club's history.

International Origin
International Origin was an annual series of rugby league football matches between England and the Exiles.  The International Origin was created by the Rugby Football League (RFL) to ensure that the English national side had a good strong mid-season international very much like Australia has with their State of Origin series. The RFL intended this to be an annual one-off game and it was in 2011, however this progressed to a two-game series in 2012. Plans were in the works to make this into a three-game series for the future, however it was scaled back to a standalone fixture in 2013 due to a lack of interest from both players and spectators.
Clejani
Clejani is a commune in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania, about 40 km south of Bucharest, in the Vlașca region (part of Muntenia), on the Danube Plains near the Bulgarian border. It is composed of four villages: Clejani, Neajlovu, Podu Doamnei, and Sterea.

The commune is famous for its lăutari or gypsy musicians, especially the group Taraful Haiducilor (a.k.a. Taraf de Haïdouks). Members of the group Mahala Rai Banda also trace their roots to Clejani.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Shyam Bihari Agrawal
Shyam Bihari Agrawal is an Indian artist, writer, and former academic from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. In 2025, he was honoured with the Padma Shri by the Government of India for his contributions to the field of arts.

University of Allahabad
The University of Allahabad is a central university located in Prayagraj, in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the regarded as the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. Its status as a central university was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
Christian libertarianism
Christian libertarianism is the synthesis of Christian beliefs with libertarian political philosophy, with a focus on beliefs about free will, human nature, and God-given inalienable rights.

As with some other forms of libertarianism, Christian libertarianism holds that what is prohibited by law should be limited to various forms of assault, theft and fraud. Other actions that are forbidden by Christianity can only be disciplined by the church, or in the case of children and teens, one's parents or guardians. Likewise, beliefs such as "love your neighbor as yourself" are not imposed on others so long as the non-aggression principle, which Christian libertarians believe to be foundational, has not been violated.

John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton
John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, 13th Marquess of Groppoli, KCVO DL (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902), better known as Lord Acton, was an English Catholic historian, Liberal politician, and writer.  A strong advocate for individual liberty, Acton is best known for his observation on the dangers of concentrated authority. In an 1887 letter to an Anglican bishop, he famously wrote, 'Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely', underscoring his belief that unchecked power poses the greatest threat to human freedom. His works consistently emphasised the importance of limiting governmental and institutional power in favour of individual rights and personal liberty.
Elena Chernenko (politician)
Elena Chernenko (born April 17, 1957, in Fokino village, Bryansk region, Russian Federation) is a Transnistrian politician who is the Minister of Economy of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) (2000–2011). In the Ukraine-Transnistria border customs conflict she took one of the leading roles among the country's ministers.

She is a close ally of former Minister of Education Elena Bomeshko, another (former) female member of president Igor Smirnov's cabinet.

Igor Smirnov (politician)
Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: И́горь Никола́евич Смирно́в, romanized: Igor' Nikolayevich Smirnov, Romanian: Igor Nicolaevici Smirnov; born 23 October 1941) is a Russian-born Transnistrian politician who served as the first president (1991–2011) of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic.
Lynnwood Ridge
Lynnwood Ridge is a suburb of the city of Pretoria, South Africa. It is a well-developed area, lying to the east of the city centre.

Together with Brooklyn and Menlo Park, it was most likely named after American counterparts.  Today these suburbs are known as the old east and  have some of the city's most valuable residential properties.

Brooklyn, Pretoria
Brooklyn is a suburb of the city of Pretoria, South Africa. It is a well-established and wealthy area, lying to the east of the city centre, encompassing high-end residential properties and several upmarket mall developments. It borders the University of Pretoria to its north and the suburbs of Groenkloof and Waterkloof to its south. Brooklyn is also the location of Pretoria Boys High School. The Brooklyn Mall opened in 1989.
Ga-Ramakara
Ga-Ramakara is a village in Ga-Matlala in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is located 44 km northwest of Polokwane on the Matlala Road.

Polokwane
Polokwane (UK: /ˌpɒləˈkwɑːni/, meaning "Sanctuary" in Northern Sotho), formerly named Pietersburg, is the capital city of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. It is the country's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. It was one of the nine host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Seimat language
The Seimat language is one of three Western Admiralty Islands languages, the other two being Wuvulu-Aua and the extinct Kaniet. The language is spoken by approximately 1000 people on the Ninigo and the Anchorite Islands in western Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. It has subject–verb–object (SVO) word order.

Subject–verb–object word order
In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). English is included in this group. An example is "Sam ate apples."

SVO is the second-most common order by number of known languages, after subject–object–verb (SOV). Together, SVO and SOV account for more than 87% of the world's languages. The label SVO often includes ergative languages although they do not have nominative subjects.
Pardo Brazilians
In Brazil, Pardo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpaʁdu]) is an ethno-racial and skin color category used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the Brazilian censuses. The term "pardo" is a complex one, more commonly used to refer to Brazilians of mixed ethnic ancestries.

Pardo Brazilians represent a diverse range of skin colors and ethnic backgrounds. The other recognized census categories are branco ("white"), preto ("black"), amarelo ("yellow", meaning ethnic East Asians), and indígena ("indigene" or "indigenous person", meaning Amerindians). The term was and is still commonly used, in popular culture and the media, to refer to Brazilians of multi-ethnic backgrounds.

Asian Brazilians
Asian Brazilians (Portuguese: Brasileiros asiáticos) refers to Brazilian citizens or residents of Asian ancestry. The vast majority trace their origins to Western Asia, particularly Lebanon, or East Asia, namely Japan. The Brazilian census does not use "Asian" as a racial category, though the term "yellow" (amarela in Portuguese) refers to people of East Asian ethnic origin.

Beyond the descendants from West Asia and East Asia, there has also been much smaller immigration from Southeast Asia and South Asia, as well as those from the Asian diaspora in the Caribbean and Mozambique.

Brazil has the largest community of Japanese descendants outside of Japan. Japanese immigrants started to move to Brazil in 1908, and were directed to the Brazilian coffee plantations.
Humboldt State Lumberjacks football
The Humboldt State Lumberjacks football program represented Humboldt State University, known since January 2022 as California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, in college football and played its home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State was a football member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference in NCAA Division II. The Lumberjacks played 90 seasons and had an all-time record of 404–403–21 (.501).

In July 2018, HSU announced that the football program would be discontinued after the 2018 season.

Northern California Athletic Conference
The Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) was an NCAA Division II college athletic association that sponsored American football that was founded in 1925. It disbanded in 1998 after the majority of its member schools were forced to drop football.
The best 33 football players of the Soviet Union
The List of 33 Best Football Players of the Year (Список 33 лучших футболистов сезона в СССР) was an annual award list of the former Soviet Union which ran from 1948 to 1991. It was compiled after each football season by the Presidium of the USSR Football Federation, following the proposal of the National Coaches' Council, which approved the list of the 33 best football players. The award was not related to the independent Soviet Footballer of the Year award which ran from 1964 until 1991 on a poll conducted among journalists, rather than among coaches.

Football Federation of the Soviet Union
The Football Federation of the USSR (Russian: Федерация футбола СССР) was a governing body of football in the Soviet Union and since 1972 the main governing body of football in the country. The Federation was created in late 1934 by the decision of the Supreme Council of Physical Culture of the USSR (Russian: Высший Совет Физической Культуры, VSFK) as its sports section governing specifically football. It was the only organization that obtained recognition of FIFA in 1946.
Islam in Vietnam
Islam in Vietnam is primarily associated with the Cham people, an Austronesian minority ethnic group, roughly one-third of Muslims in Vietnam are of other ethnic groups. There is also a community which describes itself as of mixed ethnic origins that also practices Islam and, on some occasions, describes themselves as the Cham, or Cham Muslims, in southern Vietnam, mostly around the region of Châu Đốc or Ho Chi Minh City.

Đồng Nai province
Đồng Nai is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The capital of Đồng Nai Province is Trấn Biên Ward.

In June 2025, the province was merged with Bình Phước province, forming the new Đồng Nai Province with an area of 12.737,18 km2 and a population of 4,576,125 people.
Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
The legitimacy under international law of the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been questioned. The UN Charter is the foundational legal document of the United Nations (UN) and is the cornerstone of the public international law governing the use of force between States. NATO members are also subject to the North Atlantic Treaty.

Supporters of the bombing argued that the bombing brought to an end the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo's Albanian population, and that it hastened (or caused) the downfall of Slobodan Milošević's government, which they saw as having been responsible for the international isolation of Yugoslavia, war crimes, and human rights violations.

Critics of the bombing have argued that the campaign violated international law. Some also argued that NATO triggered or accelerated the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo as the violence escalated once the campaign began.

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It gives the Security Council the authority to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security.”
Abd al-Masih al-Antaki
Abd al-Masih bin Fath Allah al-Antaki (Arabic: عبد المسيح بن فتح الله الأنطاكي ALA-LC: ʻAbd al-Masīḥ bin Fatḥ Allāh al-Anṭākī; 1874–1923), also referred to as Abd al-Masih Antaki Bey al-Halabi, was a Syrian intellectual, journalist and political activist of the late Nahda (Arab renaissance). He founded periodicals in Aleppo and in Cairo.

Keith David Watenpaugh
Keith David Watenpaugh (born October 8, 1966) is an American academic. He is Professor of Human Rights Studies at the University of California, Davis. A leading American historian of the contemporary Middle East, human rights, and modern humanitarianism, he is an expert on the Armenian genocide and its denial, and the role of the refugee in world history.

Watenpaugh is the founding director of the UC Davis Human Rights Studies Program, the first academic program of its kind in the University of California system. He has been a leader of international efforts to address the needs of displaced and refugee university students and professionals, primarily those affected by the wars and civil conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey.

He serves on the academic advisory board of the National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement; and is a founding steering committee member of the University Alliance for Refugees and at-Risk Migrants