hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Generative engine optimization
Generative engine optimization (GEO) is one of the names given to the practice of structuring digital content and managing online presence to improve visibility in responses generated by generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It focuses on influencing the way large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity AI, retrieve, summarize, and present information in response to user queries. Related terms include answer engine optimization (AEO), artificial intelligence optimization (AIO), artificial intelligence search engine optimization (AI SEO), and large language model optimization (LLMO).

AI SEO
AI SEO (artificial intelligence search engine optimization) refers to the application of artificial intelligence technologies to enhance and automate the process of optimizing websites and online content for search engines, while also being used as a term to describe efforts to increase brand visibility inside large language models and other AI systems.

It arguably combines traditional SEO techniques (such as keyword optimization, link building, and content strategy) with AI-driven tools capable of analyzing vast amounts of data, predicting search trends, generating content, and improving website performance in real time.
Rev-ErbA alpha
Rev-Erb alpha (Rev-Erbɑ), also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), is one of two Rev-Erb proteins in the nuclear receptor (NR) family of intracellular transcription factors. In humans, REV-ERBɑ is encoded by the NR1D1 gene, which is highly conserved across animal species.

Rev-Erbɑ plays an important role in regulation of the core circadian clock through repression of the positive clock element Bmal1. It also regulates several physiological processes under circadian control, including metabolic and immune pathways.  Rev-Erbɑ mRNA demonstrates circadian oscillation in its expression, and it is highly expressed in mammals in the brain and metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver.

Transcription translation feedback loop
Transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) is a cellular model for explaining circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. Widely conserved across species, the TTFL is auto-regulatory, in which transcription of clock genes is regulated by their own protein products.
Twin Tower Sanctuary
Twin Tower Sanctuary (Old Sanctuary of the United Methodist Church) is a historic Methodist church building at 9967 W. 144th Street in Orland Park, Illinois. The church was completed in 1898, six years after Orland Park was founded, to serve the city's large Methodist population. Architect William Arthur Bennet, who later became well known for his Prairie School works, designed the church in the Queen Anne style. The north side of the church is flanked by the two hexagonal towers that give the church its name. The interior of the church has a Sullivanesque patterned tin ceiling; according to Louis Sullivan scholar Tim Samuelson, it is the best-preserved example of a Sullivanesque tin ceiling in the country.

The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1988.

Orland Park, Illinois
Orland Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, with a small portion in Will County. It is a suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, Orland Park had a population of 58,703. Located 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Chicago, Orland Park is close to several interstate highways, with the I-80 east-west coast connector as its southern border. The Metra commuter rail system links it to the Chicago Loop and from there to O'Hare and Midway airports.
Songsuradet rebellion
The Songsuradet rebellion (Thai: กบฏพระยาทรงสุรเดช; RTGS: Kabot Phraya Songsuradet) also known as the Rebellion of 18 corpses (กบฏ 18 ศพ) was the claimed pretext for a political purge on 29 January 1939 by the government of Thai Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun) against his political enemies and rivals, which named Phraya Songsuradet as the alleged leader of a plot against Phibun.

Siamese revolution of 1932
The Siamese revolution of 1932 or Siamese coup d'état of 1932 (Thai: การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475 or การเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองสยาม พ.ศ. 2475) was a coup d'état by the People's Party (Khana Ratsadon) which occurred in Siam on 24 June 1932. It ended Siam's centuries-long absolute monarchy rule under the Chakri dynasty and resulted in a bloodless transition of Siam into a constitutional monarchy, the introduction of democracy and the first constitution, and the creation of the National Assembly. Dissatisfaction caused by economic crisis and incompetent government, as well as the rise of Western-educated non-royals to positions of influence, fueled the revolution.

King Prajadhipok remained on the throne and compromised with Khana Ratsadon. Two coups occurred a year later, in April and June, amid infighting within the government over Pridi Banomyong's socialist economic plan and a rebellion of royalists.
Đani Salčin
Đani Salčin (born 19 March 2000) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays for Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina club Velež Mostar. He also played for the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup
The Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup (Croatian: Kup Bosne i Hercegovine; Serbian: Куп Босне и Херцеговине) is a knock-out football competition contested annually by clubs from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The winner qualifies for the UEFA Conference League second qualifying round and a place in the Bosnian Supercup.

Until the 1999–2000 season, three separate cups were organized. In 1998, for the first time, Bosnia and Herzegovina got its official cup winner after the "Super final" between Sarajevo and Orašje (winners of two different cups). In the 1999–2000 season, the normal cup format was organized for the first time in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the 2000–01 season, clubs from the entire country have been competing in the Cup.

Prior to 1992, clubs from the Bosnia and Herzegovina territory contested in the Yugoslav Cup.
Loughborough Meadows
Loughborough Meadows is a 60.5 hectares (149 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the northern outskirts of Loughborough in Leicestershire, England. An area of 35.3 hectares (87 acres) is managed as a nature reserve by the Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust.

This is the largest area of unimproved alluvial flood meadow in the county, and wet areas are dominated by creeping bent and marsh foxtail. A brook has large areas of marsh foxtail, and there is a field with breeding lapwings and redshanks.

There is public access to the site.

Alopecurus geniculatus
Alopecurus geniculatus is a species of grass known by the common name water foxtail or marsh foxtail.
It is native to much of Eurasia and introduced into North America, South America, and Australia. It grows in moist areas.

Alopecurus geniculatus is a perennial grass forming bunches of erect stems up to about 60 cm (24 inches) in height. The leaves are up 12 cm (5 inches) in length. The pale green to purplish  inflorescence is a dense panicle up to 6 or 7 cm long which blooms in dusty yellow-orange anthers. reproduces sexually by seeds and can reproduce vegetatively by rooting at stem nodes.

In Europe, it can be affected by a fungus, known as 'Foxtail Smut', Urocystis alopecuri.
Make South Africa ungovernable
The call to "make South Africa ungovernable" was a political slogan of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. It is closely associated with mass mobilisation against apartheid in the latter half of the 1980s. The slogan originated in a series of speeches by African National Congress (ANC) leader Oliver Tambo in 1984 and 1985, but it was adopted inside South Africa by the supporters of the United Democratic Front and associated civic organisations.

The slogan conveyed a rhetorical rejection of illegitimate state authority and a strategic endorsement of mass mobilisation, which the ANC viewed as a prelude to democratic revolution. Critics of the campaign claimed that it legitimised political violence and vigilantism and permanently undermined acceptance of state authority in South Africa.

Authority
Authority is commonly understood as the legitimate power of a person or group over other people.
In a civil state, authority may be practiced by legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, each of which has authority and is an authority.
The term "authority" has multiple nuances and distinctions within various academic fields ranging from sociology to political science.

The term authority identifies the political legitimacy, which grants and justifies rulers' right to exercise the power of government; and the term power identifies the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by obedience; hence, authority is the power to make decisions and the legitimacy to make such legal decisions and order their execution.
Pardalosus
Pardalosus is a genus of aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. They are native to North America, with the greatest diversity on the western side of the continent. Although most species may be detritivores that do not associate strongly with dung, some species of Pardalosus are associated with rodents: P. neodistinctus is collected in association with prairie dogs, while P. sleveni is collected in association with pack rats.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Hypopyra pallidigera
Hypopyra pallidigera is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on Borneo and Sumatra. The habitat consists of lowland dipterocarp forests.

The wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 38 mm for females. Adults are similar to Hypopyra ossigera, but has a paler, fawn ground colour with faintly darker blackish brown fasciation.

Hypopyra ossigera
Hypopyra ossigera is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Yunnan), Taiwan, India (Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal), Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi and Sumatra.

The wingspan is 56–74 mm.
Habermas–Rawls debate
The Habermas–Rawls debate is the exchange which took place between John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas in The Journal of Philosophy in 1995. One major point of misunderstanding was Rawls's emphasis on social primary goods in a debate that included Habermasian notions of the public and common good.

Primary goods
Primary goods are presented in the book A Theory of Justice (1971) written by the American philosopher John Rawls.
In the first edition of the Theory of Justice, these goods are supposed to be desirable for every rational human being, just as they are also useful for them. Thus, primary goods are the common base for the unanimous selection of the justice principle in the original position.

Primary goods are subdivided in two categories:

Natural primary goods: this category includes intelligence, imagination, health, speed etc.

Social primary goods: this category includes rights (civil rights and political rights), liberties, income and wealth, the social bases of self-respect, etc.

In the second edition of the Theory of Justice, primary goods are stated to be those that the citizens need as free people and as members of the society.
Cardiac physiology
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

Bundle of His
The bundle of His (BH): 58  or His bundle (HB): 232  (/hɪs/ "hiss") is a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction. As part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, it transmits the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node (located between the atria and the ventricles) to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches via the bundle branches. The fascicular branches then lead to the Purkinje fibers, which provide electrical conduction to the ventricles, causing the cardiac muscle of the ventricles to contract at a paced interval.
SS Karaganda
Karaganda (Russian: Караганда) was a merchant steam ship of the Black Sea Shipping Company (Soviet Union) from 9 March 1950 to 1967. This ship was built in the US in 1919, named Circinus and used in some shipping companies of the United States and from 1942 in Soviet shipping companies.

She was a West-class ship as per American shipyards position and Belorussia-class cargo ships as per Russian classification due to one of the West-class cargo ships being named Belorussia when she was purchased by the Soviet Union.

SS Metallurg Anosov
The SS Metallurg Anosov (Russian: Металлург Аносов) was a merchant ship of Black Sea Shipping Company (Soviet Union). the ship was one of the project 567K Leninsky Komsomol class, a multi-purpose tweendecker freighter with steam turbine engines. The ship takes its name from scientist and metallurgist Pavel Anosov.
Cyrville
Cyrville (also referred to as Cummings) is a neighbourhood in Beacon Hill-Cyrville Ward in the east-end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The area is located within the former City of Gloucester, and is roughly bounded on the north, west and south by the former Gloucester City limit, and on the east by the Aviation Parkway and Highway 417. Once a francophone farming village, the area now a mix of residential and industrial land, being home to the Cyrville Industrial Area. It has been described as a "tangle of freeways and utility corridors". It has a population of 4513 (2016 census), 280 of which live south of the Queensway.

Gloucester, Ontario
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOST-ər) is a former municipality and now geographic area of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Located east of Ottawa's inner core, it was an independent city until amalgamated with the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton in 2001 to become the new city of Ottawa. The population of Gloucester is about 150,012 people (2021 Census).
Epupa Constituency
Epupa Constituency (until 1998: Ruacana Constituency) is a constituency in the Kunene Region of Namibia. The constituency contains the Epupa Falls after which it is named (from Otjiherero: Epupa = falling waters), located on the Angolan-Namibian border. Its population in 2004 was 12,816. In 2020 it had 12,182 registered voters.

Popular Democratic Movement
The Popular Democratic Movement (PDM), formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), is an amalgamation of political parties in Namibia, registered as one singular party for representation purposes. In coalition with the United Democratic Front, it formed the official opposition in Parliament until the parliamentary elections in 2009. The party currently holds five seats in the Namibian National Assembly and one seat in the Namibian National Council. Further, the PDM has lost its status as the official opposition party, taking the fourth place. McHenry Venaani is the President of the PDM.

The PDM is an associate member of the International Democracy Union, a transnational grouping of national political parties generally identified with political conservatism, and a member of the Democracy Union of Africa, which was re-launched in Accra, Ghana in February 2019. The President of the party, McHenry Venaani, is the current chairperson of the Democrat Union of Africa.
Kamiizumi clan
The Kamiizumi clan (上泉氏, Kamiizumi-shi) was a Japanese clan that originated in Kai Province primarily during the Sengoku Period of the 16th century. The Kamiizumi clan served loyally under the local family of Uesugi throughout the course of the 16th century.

One very famous member of the clan of note was Kamiizumi Hidetsuna. Hidetsuna could be considered technically to be the creator of the Yagyū Shinkage ryū fighting style. This was through the fact that Yagyū Muneyoshi (the father of the famous Yagyū Munenori) served as a prime student under Hidetsuna. Through the fighting style that Hidetsuna passed down to Muneyoshi assisted in the birth of the Shinkage-Ryū.

Uesugi clan
The Uesugi clan (上杉氏, Uesugi-shi, historically also Uyesugi) is a Japanese samurai clan which was at its peak one of the most powerful during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (14th to 17th centuries). At its height, the clan had three main branches: the Ōgigayatsu, Inukake, and Yamanouchi. Its most well-known member is the warlord Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578).

During the Edo period, the Uesugi were a tozama or outsider clan, in contrast with the fudai or insider daimyō clans which had been hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan.
Test tube brush
A test tube brush or spout  brush is a brush used for cleaning test tubes and narrow mouth laboratory glassware, such as graduated cylinders, burettes, and Erlenmeyer flasks. It is composed of nylon, synthetic, or animal fur bristles of various diameters lined against a rather sturdy wire handle with a looped end for hanging. The wire can be made from a wide range of metals, such as aluminium, bronze, beryllium, copper, and brass. FDA grade brushes are designed to be resistant to acid and other corrosive chemicals, including aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethyl acetate esters, and trichloroethylene.

Burette
A burette (also spelled buret) is a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for delivering known volumes of a liquid, especially in titrations. It is a long, graduated glass tube, with a stopcock at its lower end and a tapered capillary tube at the stopcock's outlet. The flow of liquid from the tube to the burette tip is controlled by the stopcock valve.

There are two main types of burette; the volumetric burette and the piston burette. A volumetric burette delivers measured volumes of liquid. Piston burettes are similar to syringes, but with a precision bore and a plunger. Piston burettes may be manually operated or may be motorized. A weight burette delivers measured weights of a liquid.
Mystus nigriceps
Mystus nigriceps, the two-spot catfish, is a species of catfish of the family Bagridae. The species was available in aquarium circles without a scientific name until a connection was made to a description of Mystus micracanthus by the ichthyologist Bleeker, in 1846. The artist's impression at that time showed a catfish without any obvious markings, although another researcher in the early 1940s described it with two body spots.  M. micracanthus is a junior synonym of M. nigriceps.

In the wild it is found in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.

It grows to a length of 19.8 cm and feeds on zooplankton and insect larvae in the wild, and most prepared foods in aquariums.  It is not safe to keep them with smaller fish in the aquarium as they will eat them.

Bagridae
The Bagridae are a family of catfish that are native to Africa (Bagrus) and Asia (all other genera) from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes.

Many large bagrids are important as a source of food. Some species are also kept as aquarium fishes.
Airtel Payments Bank
Airtel Payments Bank is an Indian payments bank with its headquarters in New Delhi. The company is a subsidiary of Bharti Airtel.
On 5 January 2022, it was granted the scheduled bank status by the Reserve Bank of India under the second schedule of RBI Act, 1934.

Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a twelve-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India based on their place of residence, biometrics and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2016 by the  Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

Applicants to Aadhaar receive an Aadhaar UID Card/UID Card, that can be utilzed to identify a resident of India. As of May 2023, more than 99.9% of India's adult population had been issued Aadhaar IDs, making it  the world's largest biometric ID system

Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any right to domicile in India, or can be used as an identification document for international travel.
Darwin central business district
Darwin City (also referred to as Darwin city centre or The CBD) is a suburb in metropolitan Darwin which comprises the original settlement, the central business district, parkland and other built-up areas. It is the traditional country and waterways of the Larrakia people. It is original site of occupation and includes many of the city's important institutions and landmarks, such as Parliament, Government House, the Northern Territory Supreme Court, Bicentennial Park and the George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens. The city centre is located in the local government areas of the City of Darwin and the Darwin Waterfront Precinct.

Although the city centre is one of the most developed areas of Darwin, demographically it is one of the less densely populated, due to its core being commercial.

Australian Overland Telegraph Line
The Australian Overland Telegraph Line was an electrical telegraph system for sending messages the 3200 kilometres (2000 miles) between Darwin, in what is now the Northern Territory of Australia, and Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. Completed in 1872 (with a line to Western Australia added in 1877), it allowed fast communication between Australia and the rest of the world. When it was linked to the Java-to-Darwin submarine telegraph cable several months later, the communication time with Europe dropped from months to hours; Australia was no longer so isolated from the rest of the world. The line was one of the great engineering feats of 19th-century Australia and probably the most significant milestone in the history of telegraphy in Australia.
Crackers International
Crackers International is a Christmas EP released by English synth-pop duo Erasure in November 1988, in between the albums The Innocents (1988) and Wild! (1989). The EP reached number-one in Denmark and Argentina, and peaked at number two in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Wild!
Wild! is the fourth studio album by English synth-pop duo Erasure. Released in October 1989, the album was produced by the band, along with Gareth Jones and Mark Saunders, and released by Mute Records in the UK and Sire Records in the U.S.
Karl S. Day
Karl Schmolsmire Day (May 30, 1896 – January 19, 1973) was a naval aviator of the United States Marine Corps Reserve who rose to the rank of Lieutenant General. A veteran of World War I, Day served with Northern Bombing Group on the Belgian front and awarded the Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration credited for valor in combat. He then resigned his commission and worked in various civilian jobs until the beginning of World War II. Day was subsequently recalled to active duty and served as Air Base Commander during the Battle of Peleliu in September 1944.

Naval aviator (United States)
A naval aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a crewed aircraft pilot in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps. United States Coast Guard crewed aircraft pilots are officially designated as "Coast Guard aviators", although they complete the same undergraduate flight training as Navy and Marine Corps crewed aircraft pilots, and are awarded the same aviation breast insignia.