hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UMgungundlovu
uMgungundlovu was the royal capital of the Zulu King Dingane (1828–1840) and one of several military complexes (amakhanda) which he maintained. He established his royal kraal in 1829 in the eMakhosini valley against Lion hill (Singonyama), just south of the White Umfolozi River.

The name uMgungundlovu stems from the Zulu word or phrase ungungu we ndlovu, which means "the secret conclave of the elephant". Some sources also refer to uMgungundlovu as "the place of the elephant". The word indlovu (elephant) refers to the king of the Zulu people.

Piet Retief
Pieter Retief (12 November 1780 – 6 February 1838) was a Voortrekker leader. Settling in 1814 in the frontier region of the Cape Colony, he later assumed command of punitive expeditions during the sixth Xhosa War. He became a spokesperson for the frontier farmers who voiced their discontent and wrote the Voortrekkers' declaration at their departure from the colony.

He was a leading figure during their Great Trek, and at one stage their elected governor. He proposed Natal as the final destination of their migration and selected a location for its future capital, later named Pietermaritzburg in his honour. The massacre of Retief and his delegation by the Zulu King Dingane and the extermination of several Voortrekker laagercamps in the area of the present town of Weenen led to the Battle of Blood River on the Ncome River. The short-lived Boer republic Natalia suffered from ineffective government and was eventually annexed to the British Cape Colony.
IEC 62351
IEC 62351 is a standard developed by WG15 of IEC TC57.  This is developed for handling the security of TC 57 series of protocols including IEC 60870-5 series, IEC 60870-6 series, IEC 61850 series, IEC 61970 series & IEC 61968 series. The different security objectives include authentication of data transfer through digital signatures, ensuring only authenticated access, prevention of eavesdropping, prevention of playback and spoofing, and intrusion detection.

IEC 61970
The IEC 61970 series of standards by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) deals with the application program interfaces for energy management systems (EMS). The series provides a set of guidelines and standards to facilitate:

The integration of applications developed by different suppliers in the control center environment

The exchange of information to systems external to the control center environment, including transmission, distribution and generation systems external to the control center that need to exchange real-time data with the control center

The provision of suitable interfaces for data exchange across legacy and new systems

IEC 61970 is created and maintained by IEC Technical Committee 57 (TC 57).
Ford Galaxie
The Ford Galaxie is a full-size automobile that was sold by the Ford Motor Company in North America from the 1959 to 1974 model years. Deriving its nameplate from a marketing tie-in with the excitement surrounding the Space Race, the Galaxie was offered as a sedan within the full-size Ford range throughout its production run. In the full-size segment, the model line competed against the Chevrolet Impala and Plymouth Fury.

The model line was assembled by Ford in multiple sites across the United States; four generations of the model line were produced. The Galaxie was also produced locally by Ford Australia and Ford Brasil, adopting commonality from the third-generation 1965 design.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
Next of Kihn
Next of Kihn is a 1978 studio album by American singer-songwriter Greg Kihn. It was the third and last album to be released under the name Greg Kihn before the group changed into the Greg Kihn Band in 1979.

Next of Kihn has a notable darker sound than its predecessors and features longer and more complex compositions. The album's centerpiece "Remember" was recorded live in one single take.

Matthew King Kaufman
Matthew "King" Kaufman (born May 19, 1946) is an American record producer who was the owner of leading independent label Beserkley Records in Berkeley, California from the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, successfully producing records by Jonathan Richman, Greg Kihn and others.
Coupé-Aviation JC-01
The Coupé-Aviation JC-01 is the first of a series of very similar designs of two seat, single engine sports aircraft, amateur built from plans in France from 1976.  These provided a range of engine sizes and undercarriage layouts, but total production was small.

Tricycle landing gear
Tricycle gear is a type of aircraft undercarriage (i.e. landing gear) that is arranged in the fashion of a tricycle, with a single one/two-wheeled front undercarriage (i.e. the nose gear) under the cockpit and two multi-wheeled main gears slightly aft of the center of gravity, usually just behind the wings. This is in contrast to the conventional landing gear (a.k.a. "taildragger") that is arranged with two front gears and one tail gear, more commonly seen in early aircraft but rare nowadays except among propeller-powered light aircraft and some amphibious aircraft.

Tricycle gears are the most ubiquitous undercarriage arrangements for modern aircraft due to the convenience of takeoff, landing and taxiing, especially among the heavier jet aircraft where the engines and wings (and thus the aircraft's center of mass) tend to be more rearwards than conventional gear aircraft and a tail-down flare is typically performed when landing.
Blue Origin Federation, LLC v. United States
On 13 August 2021, Blue Origin filed a complaint to the United States Court of Federal Claims about NASA's award of $2.9 billion to SpaceX. The award was used by the company to develop Starship HLS, a lunar lander that NASA selected for the Artemis program. On 4 November 2021, the Court of Federal Claims dismissed the complaint, and the accompanying memorandum opinion was titled Blue Origin v. United States & Space Exploration Technologies Corp. Blue Origin's complaint and prior actions have received attention from the news media and spaceflight industries.

United States Court of Federal Claims
The United States Court of Federal Claims (in case citations, Fed. Cl. or C.F.C.) is a United States federal court that hears monetary claims against the U.S. government. It was established by statute in 1982 as the United States Claims Court, and took its current name in 1992. The court is the successor to trial division of the United States Court of Claims, which was established in 1855.

The courthouse of the Court of Federal Claims is situated in the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building (on Madison Place across from the White House) in Washington, D.C., but, for convenience, cases may be heard elsewhere in the country.
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt II
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 29 and It covers the eastern part of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt.

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt II was created for the 1994 state election. Originally named Schwarzakreis II, it was renamed after the 1994 election. Since 2024, it has been represented by Denis Häußer of Alternative for Germany (AfD).

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt is a Kreis (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Weimarer Land, Saale-Holzland, Saale-Orla, the district Kronach in Bavaria, and the districts Sonneberg, Hildburghausen and Ilm-Kreis.
Livadiya, Primorsky Krai
42°52′N 132°40′E﻿ / ﻿42.867°N 132.667°E﻿ / 42.867; 132.667

Livadiya (Russian: Лива́дия) was an urban-type settlement in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the west coast of Vostok Bay.  On December 1, 2004 it was merged with the city of Nakhodka.  Population:  12,961 (2002 Census); 12,319 (1989 Soviet census).

Livadiya was founded in 1941.

Nakhodka
Nakhodka (Russian: Нахо́дка, IPA: [nɐˈxotkə], means "finding") is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trudny Peninsula jutting into the Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan, about 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Vladivostok (169 kilometers by car ), the administrative center of the krai. Population:  159,719 (2010 Census); 148,826 (2002 Census); 160,056 (1989 Soviet census).
Bjørn Maaseide
Bjørn Maaseide (born 7 March 1968) is a Norwegian former beach volleyball player. He represented Norway in three consecutive Summer Olympics: 1996, 2000, and 2004. Alongside Jan Kvalheim, he won several medals at the European Championships in the 1990s. He is the brother of professional beach volleyball player Kathrine Maaseide. Other playing partners are Iver Horrem and Vegard Høidalen.

In 2007, Maaseide returned to the sand with Horrem. At the World Championships in Gstaad, they were knocked out in the first main round for the third time in a row, this time against the Brazilians Franco–Cunha. After the Norwegian duo did not qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics, Maaseide turned his attention to the next World Championships. His commitment helped bring the 2009 Beach Volleyball World Championships to his hometown of Stavanger.

Franco Neto
Franco José Vieira Neto (born November 11, 1966, in Fortaleza, Ceará) is a former beach volleyball player from Brazil who won the bronze medal in the men's beach team competition at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, partnering with Roberto Lopes. He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.
2001 Touchtel ATP World Doubles Challenge Cup
The 2001 Touchtel ATP World Doubles Challenge Cup was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 28th edition of the year-end doubles championships and was part of the 2001 ATP Tour. The tournament was held at the KSLTA Tennis Centre in Bangalore in India from 28 January through 3 February 2002.

The tournament had been scheduled to be played between 7 November – 11 November 2001 but was cancelled for security reasons. The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) made up for the cancellation by rescheduling the tournament as the ATP World Doubles Challenge Cup and holding it early in the 2002 season.

2001 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The 2001 ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the Tennis Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series.
Old Punch Bowl
The Old Punch Bowl is a medieval timber-framed Wealden hall house on the High Street in Crawley, a town and borough in West Sussex, England. Built in the early 15th century, it was used as a farmhouse by about 1600, passing through various owners and sometimes being used for other purposes. Since 1929 it has been in commercial use—firstly as a tearoom, then as a bank, and since 1994 as a public house. When built, it was one of at least five similar hall houses in the ancient parish of Crawley; it is now one of the oldest and best-preserved buildings in Crawley town centre.

Jettying
Jettying (jetty, jutty, from Old French getee, jette) is a building technique used in medieval timber-frame buildings in which an upper floor projects beyond the dimensions of the floor below. This has the advantage of increasing the available space in the building without obstructing the street. Jettied floors are also termed jetties. In the U.S., the most common surviving colonial version of this is the garrison house. Most jetties are external, but some early medieval houses were built with internal jetties.
Holme, Bedfordshire
Holme is a hamlet in the civil parish of Biggleswade, in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England.

The settlement is close to Edworth and Langford. The nearest town to Holme is Biggleswade.

Langford, Bedfordshire
Langford is a village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of the county of Bedfordshire, England about 10 miles (16 km) south-east of the county town of Bedford. The 2011 census gives the population as 3,091.
Black Hills (Oregon)
The Black Hills are a mountain range in Lake County, Oregon.  They are located to the immediate south of the community of Christmas Valley; just off of Old Lake Highway. It is a vent of the Fort Rock–Christmas Lake Valley basin volcanic field.

Fort Rock–Christmas Lake Valley basin
Fort Rock–Christmas Lake Valley  is a basin of a former inland sea that existed in that region from Pliocene through late Pleistocene time.

The Fort Rock basin maar field includes over 30 hydrovolcanic landforms spread over an area of 1,500 square miles (4,000 km2). During the Pleistocene and early Holocene, Paleolake Fort Rock encompassed the entire basin.
The Investigative Project on Terrorism
The Investigative Project on Terrorism (IPT) is a non-profit research group founded by Steven Emerson in 1995. IPT has been called a prominent part of the "Islamophobia network" within the United States and a "leading source of anti-Muslim racism" and noted for its record of selective reporting and poor scholarship.

Research group
A research group is a group of researchers often from the same faculty, specialized on the same subject, working together on the issue or topic.

The success of a research group depends on several factors: clearly defined goals, research emphasis, group climate, participative governance, decentralized organization, communication, resources, recruitment, selection, and leadership.

Research groups may be mistaken for study groups, which tend to be more casual and more frequently used by younger students.
Luník IX
Luník IX is a borough (city ward) in the city of Košice, Slovakia, in the Košice II district. It is located in the western-central part of the city, surrounded by the boroughs of Pereš, Myslava, Barca, Juh and Západ.

Luník IX is arguably Slovakia's most well-known slum and one of the largest Roma slums in Europe.

Košice-Barca
Barca (Hungarian: Bárca) is a borough (city ward) of Košice, Slovakia. Located in the Košice IV district, it lies at an altitude of roughly 210 metres (690 ft) above sea level, and is home to over 3,600 people. The borough is generally rural in nature.
Jamara
Jamara is a genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, containing the single species, Jamara pisinna. It was  first described by V. T. Davies in 1995, and has only been found in Australia.

Toxopidae
Toxopidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders, first described in 1940. For many years it was sunk into Desidae as a subfamily, although doubts were expressed as to whether this was correct. A large-scale molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 led to the family being revived.
B. Lynn Pascoe
Burton Lynn Pascoe (born July 7, 1943) served as Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations at the UN Department of Political Affairs from 2007 to June 2012, where he oversaw the UN's diplomatic efforts to prevent and mitigate conflict around the globe.

Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
An under-secretary-general of the United Nations (USG) is a senior official within the United Nations System, normally appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the secretary-general for a renewable term of four years. Under-secretary-general is the third highest rank in the United Nations, after the secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general. The rank is held by the heads of different UN entities, certain high officials of the United Nations Secretariat, and high-level envoys. The United Nations regards the rank as equal to that of a cabinet minister of a member state, and under-secretaries-general have diplomatic immunity under the UN Charter.
2010 ATP Challenger Trophy
The 2010 ATP Challenger Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Trnava, Slovakia between 20 and 26 September 2010.

STRABAG Challenger Open
The ATP Challenger Open (known as STRABAG Challenger Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. Held annually at the TC EMPIRE in Trnava, Slovakia, since 2007, It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour.
Kathy Bersola
Katherine Adrielle "Kathy" Reyes Bersola (born March 18, 1996) is a Filipino volleyball athlete. She played with the University of the Philippines - UP Lady Maroons Volleyball Team. Bersola holds a degree in Sports Science with summa cum laude honors from UP Diliman and later admitted at UP College of Medicine.

Perlas Spikers
The Perlas Spikers, also earlier known as the BanKo Perlas Spikers, were a professional women's volleyball team playing in the Premier Volleyball League. The team was owned by the Beach Volleyball Republic.
History of advertising in Britain
The history of advertising in Britain has been a major part of the history of its capitalist economy for three centuries.  It became a major force as agencies were organized in the mid-19th century, using primarily newspapers and magazines. In the 20th century, It grew rapidly with new technologies, such as direct mail, radio, television. In the late 19th century, home-based British agencies were swallowed up and became branches of international firms, but London remains one of the world's most important advertising centers.  Radical changes have come recently because of the new roles for the Internet and smart phones. For current conditions see Advertising.

Campaign (magazine)
Campaign is a global business magazine covering advertising, media, marketing and commercial creativity. Headquartered in the UK, it also has editions in the US, Asia-Pacific, India, the Middle East and Turkey.

Campaign is published by Haymarket Media Group, which owns more than 70 brands worldwide, including Autocar, What Car? and PRWeek.
Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road
The Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road was a battle during the Libyan Civil War between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the towns of Brega and Ajdabiya respectively and the Libyan Coastal Highway between them.

This theater of the war saw a stagnant front forming quickly. By late June neither the loyalists or rebels were able to advance, and were thus holding firm on their respective sides of the frontline. In an effort to break the deadlock, NATO's air force began an intensified bombing campaign of government military positions; by mid-July, however, the situation remained essentially unchanged.

Eventually, on 14 July 2011, the rebels started an all-out offensive in an attempt to break the stalemate. However, their attack was repelled and the deadlock continued.

Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (/ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ AHJ-də-BEE-ə; Arabic: أجدابيا, romanized: Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District.  The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.

During the Libyan Civil War, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces, with the anti-Gaddafi forces finally securing the town in April 2011.  As many civilians had fled the fighting, one March 2011 report described the city as a "ghost town."

Later, during the Second Libyan Civil War, the city was seized by the Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council until it was taken over by the Libyan National Army on 21 February 2016.
Rosolina
Rosolina (Venetian: Roxołina) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Rovigo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,303 and an area of 73.1 square kilometres (28.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Rosolina contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Isola di Albarella and Rosolina Mare.

Rosolina borders the following municipalities: Chioggia, Loreo, Porto Viro.

Porto Viro
Porto Viro, or Taglio di Porto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Rovigo. It was first created during the Fascist era, but subsequently dissolved. It was established anew on 1 January 1995 by the merger of the communes of Donada and Contarina.

Porto Viro is the last major town on the Po, serving as regional riverine port before it enters the Adriatic.
Friedrichsthal, Thuringia
Friedrichsthal (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪçsˌtaːl] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Nordhausen, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Bleicherode.

Nordhausen (district)
Nordhausen is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Harz and Mansfeld-Südharz in Saxony-Anhalt; Kyffhäuserkreis and Eichsfeld in Thuringia; and Göttingen and Goslar in Lower Saxony.
Acadia Axemen ice hockey
The Acadia Axemen ice hockey team is an ice hockey team representing the Acadia Axemen athletics program of Acadia University. The team is a member of the Atlantic University Sport conference and compete in U Sports. The team plays their home games at the Andrew H. McCain Arena (formerly the "Acadia Arena") in Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

Andrew H. McCain Arena
Andrew H. McCain Arena (formerly Acadia Arena) is a multi-purpose arena in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. It can seat 1,800 spectators for ice events and an extra 1,000 on the ice surface for other events. It was built in 1988, and features an Olympic sized ice surface.  It is home to the Acadia Axemen ice hockey team.  Has also hosted exhibition games featuring Team Canada, NHL old-timers and the American Hockey League. Curling Canada has held trials for its winter Olympic teams at the arena. The Soviets were based at the site for the 1990 World Figure Skating Championships, which were held in Halifax. The arena has also hosted many concerts, and the eclipse scene from Dolores Claiborne was filmed here.
2025–26 Ukrainian Premier League
The 2025–26 Ukrainian Premier League season, referred to as the VBET Ukrainian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is the 35th top-level football club competition since the fall of the Soviet Union and the 18th since the establishment of the Ukrainian Premier League (UPL).

The season has started on 1 August 2025 and will end on 29 May 2026. The UPL clubs decided not to hold the season opening match Ukrainian Super Cup due to the ongoing Russian military aggression against Ukraine.

Dynamo Kyiv are the defending champions, having won their 17th Premier-Liha title and their 30th overall domestic title in the previous season.

FC Livyi Bereh Kyiv
Football Club Livyi Bereh Kyiv (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб «Лівий берег» Київ) is a Ukrainian professional football club from Kyiv Oblast. The club is based at the Kyiv's Osokorky neighborhood located at the left-bank of Dnipro. It hosts its games in the Kyiv's suburb of Hnidyn (Zolochivska rural hromada), just outside of the city limits. In June 2021, the club was admitted to the Second League. In the 2025–26 season, the team played in the Ukrainian First League after relegation from Premier League.