hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhaeto-Romance languages
Rhaeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance, Rhaeto-Italian, or Rhaetian, is a purported subfamily of the Romance languages that is spoken in south-eastern Switzerland and north-eastern Italy. The name "Rhaeto-Romance" refers to the former Roman province of Raetia. The question of whether these languages actually form a subfamily is called the Questione Ladina. The Italian linguist Graziadio Ascoli, writing in 1873, found them to share a number of intricacies and believed they formed a linguistic group.  The Rhaeto-Romance languages differ from Italian in their evolution from Latin by having passed through a stage with phonemic vowel length, undergone certain consonant developments, and possibly developed a pair of central rounded vowels (now lost everywhere). If the subfamily is genuine, three languages would belong to it: Romansh in Switzerland, and Ladin and Friulian in Italy. Their combined number of speakers is about 660,000; the large majority of these (about 500,000) speak Friulian.

Putèr
Puter (also spelled Putèr; Romansh: puter [puˈteːr] ⓘ) is a variety of Romansh spoken in the Engadin valley in Graubünden, which is in the southeastern part of Switzerland. It is spoken in the central northwestern end of the valley between S-chanf and St. Moritz, as well as in the region of the Bernina Pass. Romansh was named by 5,497 people within the upper Engadine valley (30%) as a habitually spoken language in the census of 2000, which probably corresponds roughly to the total number of speakers. The term is probably originally a nickname derived from put 'porridge', meaning 'porridge-eaters'.
Imazapic
Imazapic is a chemical used as an herbicide.  It controls many broad leaf weeds and controls or suppresses some grasses in pasture, rangeland and certain types of turf.  It has a half-life of around 120 days in soil. Imazapic is considered an environmental hazard due to its harmful effects on aquatic life.

Imazapic's HRAC classification is Group B (global, Aus), Group 2 (numeric), as it inhibits acetohydroxyacid synthase.

HRAC classification
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) classifies herbicides by their mode of action (MoA) to provide a uniform way for farmers and growers to identify the agents they use and better manage pesticide resistance around the world. It is run by CropLife International in conjunction with the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA).
Chile Sevens
The Chile Sevens, also known as the Santiago Sevens, was an international rugby sevens tournament played in Santiago  that counted as a leg of the IRB Sevens World Series in the 2001–02 season. It was held at Estadio San Carlos de Apoquindo in Las Condes.

Las Condes
Las Condes is an affluent commune in northeastern Santiago, Chile, known as the country's main financial hub and one of Latin America's most prosperous urban districts. It concentrates corporate headquarters, luxury hotels, and high-rise offices in a sleek skyline locals call "Sanhattan"—a nod to its blend of Santiago and Manhattan. Beyond its business core, Las Condes is home to exclusive residential neighborhoods, top-ranked schools, and a cosmopolitan mix of international institutions and communities.
Anton Paskalev
Anton Paskalev (Bulgarian: Антон Паскалев; born 6 November 1958) is a retired Bulgarian pole vaulter.

He finished seventh at the 1980 European Indoor Championships.

His personal best jump was 5.60 metres, achieved in June 1984 in Sofia. This ranks him tenth among Bulgarian pole vaulters, only behind Spas Bukhalov, Atanas Tarev, Nikolay Nikolov, Stanimir Penchev, Delko Lesov, Ilian Efremov, Ivo Yanchev, Valentin Videv, and Galin Nikov.

Spas Bukhalov
Spas Bukhalov (Cyrillic: Спас Бухалов; born 14 November 1980) is a Bulgarian pole vaulter.

He won the 2001 Balkan Games and finished sixth at the 2007 European Indoor Championships. He also competed at the Olympic Games in 2004 as well as the World Championships in 2003 and 2007 without reaching the final.

His personal best jump is 5.82 metres, achieved in June 2007 in Sofia. This is the Bulgarian, and Balkan, record.

He was born in Plovdiv.
Women in the 26th Canadian Parliament
The number of women sitting in the House of Commons increased to six during the 26th Canadian Parliament; the number of women senators remained at six. 40 women ran for seats in the Canadian House of Commons in the 1963 federal election; two women out of five incumbents were reelected. Ellen Fairclough, Isabel Hardie and Margaret Mary Macdonald were defeated when they ran for reelection. Pauline Jewett  and Margaret Konantz were elected to the House of Commons in the general election; Eloise Jones and Margaret Rideout were elected in by-elections held in June 1964.

Judy LaMarsh was named to the Canadian cabinet, becoming the second woman to serve as a federal cabinet minister.

Nancy Hodges resigned her seat in the Senate in June 1965, reducing the number of women senators to five.

Judy LaMarsh
Julia Verlyn LaMarsh PC OC QC (December 20, 1924 – October 27, 1980) was a Canadian politician, lawyer, author and broadcaster. In 1963, she became the second woman to serve as a federal Cabinet minister. Under Prime Minister Lester Pearson's minority governments of the middle and late 1960s, she helped push through the legislation that created the Canada Pension Plan and Medicare. As Secretary of State, she was in charge of Canada's Centennial celebrations in 1967. After leaving politics in 1968, she wrote three books, and had her own radio show on CBC Radio. She was stricken with pancreatic cancer in 1979 and was given the Order of Canada at her hospital bed.  She died a few days short of the 20th anniversary of her first political election victory, in 1980.
Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny
Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Czerwionka-Leszczyny, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Rybnik and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 115.65 square kilometres (44.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 42,152.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Rudy Landscape Park.

Rybnik County
Rybnik County (Polish: powiat rybnicki) is a suburban county in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, created in 1999 as a result of Polish local government reforms. Its administrative seat is the city of Rybnik, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county consists of three disjoint parts, separated by the city of Rybnik. In the past decade, Rybnik country experienced significant population growth, due to urban sprawl of adjacent cities.

At the 2002 census, the population was 72,926. As of 2019, the population was 78,148.
Five Acres High School
Five Acres High School, formerly Lakers School, is an academy in Coleford, Gloucestershire. Simon Phelps is the Headteacher, Five Acres is an Academy which is sponsored by the Greenshaw Learning Trust.

Lakers School, which opened in 1985, closed on 31 August 2017. Lakers was converted to and became Five Acres High School. Five Acres opened on 1 September 2017. The reason for Lakers converting to an academy was because the School had been in Special Measures since January 2016, following the publication of a critical Ofsted inspection report, which branded every section in the report as inadequate subsequently meaning the school's overall effectiveness was also inadequate.

A year or so after the report was published the Regional Schools Commissioner gave Lakers confirmation that the Greenshaw Learning Trust was the preferred sponsor of the school and following consultation and talks it was announced the trust would take over in September.

Coleford, Gloucestershire
Coleford is a market town in the west of the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, two miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border and close to the Wye Valley. It is the administrative centre of the Forest of Dean district. The combined population of the town's two electoral wards at the 2011 census was 8,359. The population of the town's parish was 9,273 in the 2021 Census.  The parish includes the village of Baker's Hill.
Port Adelaide Football Club (AFL Women's)
Port Adelaide Football Club (AFL Women's) is a professional Australian rules football team based in Alberton, South Australia. The team plays in the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition. The team is part of the Port Adelaide Football Club.

In May 2021, the club was granted a license by the AFL to compete in the league from the start of 2022 season 7. The team play their home games at Alberton Oval, in Alberton, South Australia.

Alberton Oval
Alberton Oval is a sports oval located in Alberton, a north-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It has been the home of the Port Adelaide Football Club since 1880. The ground is a public park and is exclusively leased to Port Adelaide for Australian rules football.
Jadu (company)
Jadu is a provider of low-code Web Experience Management software, specialising in Web CMS, Forms, Portal and Customer Case Management tools for the enterprise.

Jadu also develops web applications related to document management, search and publishing. The company's global business is based in the UK under Jadu, Inc. (a sister company) based in the USA and a business based in Australia servicing the Asia Pacific region.

In December 2025, it was announced Jadu had been acquired by the Bedford, England-headquartered customer engagement software company, Netcall plc for a maximum total consideration of £19.2 million.

City of Edinburgh Council
The City of Edinburgh Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Dhùn Èideann) is the local government authority covering the City of Edinburgh council area. Almost half of the council area is the built-up area of Edinburgh, capital of Scotland. With a population of 530,680 in 2024, it is the second most populous local authority area in Scotland.

The council took on its current form in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, replacing the City of Edinburgh District Council of the Lothian region, which had been created in 1975. The history of local government in Edinburgh, however, stretches back much further. Around 1130, David I made the town a royal burgh and a burgh council, based at the Old Tolbooth is recorded continuously from the 14th century.

The council is currently based in Edinburgh City Chambers with a main office nearby at Waverley Court.
Eduard Sobol
Eduard Oleksandrovych Sobol (Ukrainian: Едуард Олекса́ндрович Со́боль; born 20 April 1995) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Czech club Jablonec, and the Ukraine national team.

2017–18 Czech Cup
The 2017–18 Czech Cup, known as the MOL Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 25th season of the annual knockout football tournament of the Czech Republic. It began with the preliminary round in July 2017 and is due to end with the final in May 2018. The winner of the cup will gain the right to play in the group stage of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League.
Montgomery Peak
Montgomery Peak is a mountain in the White Mountains of California, USA.  It is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) from Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and it is taller than Boundary Peak. Boundary Peak has a prominence of less than 300 feet.  Montgomery can be climbed in combination with Boundary Peak. The two peaks are in the Inyo National Forest and White Mountains Wilderness. Montgomery Peak is in Mono County (California), and Boundary Peak is in Esmeralda County, in Nevada.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
Giraffe Problems
Giraffe Problems is a 2018 children's book written by Jory John and illustrated by Lane Smith. It is a comedic picture book about a self-conscious giraffe. John and Smith also wrote Penguin Problems (2016) and Cat Problems (2021).

Penguin Problems
Penguin Problems is a 2016 Children's picture book by Jory John and illustrated by Lane Smith. It is about a penguin that complains about his situation. They would later follow that up with Giraffe Problems (2018) and Cat Problems (2021).
George Langridge
George David Langridge (1829 – 24 March 1891) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), acting Premier of Victoria in 1891.

Langridge was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England, son of John Langridge. George emigrated to Australia, where he represented Collingwood in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from August 1874 till he died. He was Commissioner of Public Works and Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works in the third Berry Government from August 1880 to July 1881. In the James Service-Graham Berry Ministry he was Commissioner of Trade and Customs from March 1883 to February 1886. In November 1890, when James Munro became Premier, Langridge accepted the post of Chief Secretary and Minister of Customs, which he filled until his death on 24 March 1891 in Clifton Hill, Melbourne.

Commissioner of Trade and Customs
The Commissioner of Trade and Customs was a ministerial portfolio in Colonial Victoria. The position replaced the collector of customs (a position created in 1951, prior to Victoria's establishment). Upon federation, the position was eventually abolished as the Commonwealth assumed responsibility for trade and customs under section 51(i) of the Constitution of Australia.
Kanda-Sarugakuchō
Kanda-Sarugakuchō (神田猿楽町) is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, consisting of 1-chōme and 2-chōme. As of March 1, 2007, its population is 656. Note that the Shibuya ward also has a district with the same name.

Kanda-Sarugakuchō is located on the north part of Chiyoda. It borders Kanda-Surugadai to the north and east, Kanda-Ogawamachi to the south, Kanda-Misakichō, and Nishi-Kanda and Kanda-Jinbōchō to the west. The Kinka-dōri Ave forms its western boundary.

A commercial district, Kanda-Sarugakuchō is also home to several educational institutions.

The district has been renamed Kanda-Sarugakuchō, which had been used before the enforcement of the addressing system modernization.

Surugadai
Kanda-Surugadai (神田駿河台, Kanda-Surugadai) is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It was named after Tokugawa Ieyasu's death, when the Edo government allowed officials from Sunpu (now Shizuoka) to live in the area. Kanda-Surugadai is often called Surugadai (駿河台, Surugadai) or, colloquially, Sundai (駿台, Sundai).

The main building and campus of Meiji University is in the district.

The headquarters of the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (Rengo) is located in Kanda-Surugadai.

hijiribashi

Meiji University (Liberty Tower)

Rengo HQ in Kanda-Surugadai
Raymond Jones (architect)
Raymond Alfredo Daniel Jones (18 July 1925 – 22 September 2022) was an Australian Modernist architect. His work includes many building types, including residential, ecclesiastical, educational, commercial, and prefabricated kit buildings.

Like his mentor Robin Boyd, Jones continued to experiment with ideas of space and environmental design. His architectural works promote passive environmental systems, and has become a leader in the implementation of sustainable design practices in Western Australia.

Floreat, Western Australia
Floreat is a residential suburb 8 kilometres (5 mi) west-northwest of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is bordered on Underwood Avenue, Selby Street, Cromarty Road and Durston Road. It is the head of the Town of Cambridge, which has its municipal offices and library in the suburb. The name of the suburb stems from the Latin word for "flourish" or "prosper", which is also the motto of the City of Perth, of which Floreat was a part when it was first built.
Qulluta (Sihuas)
Qulluta (Quechua for mortar, also spelled Collota) is a mountain in the northern extensions of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,200 m (13,780 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Sihuas Province, on the border of the districts of Alfonso Ugarte and Huayllabamba.

Cordillera Blanca
The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "white range") is a mountain range in Peru that is part of the larger Andes range and extends for 200 kilometres (124 mi) between 8°08' and 9°58'S and 77°00' and 77°52'W, in a northwesterly direction. It includes several peaks over 6,000 metres (19,690 ft) high and 722 individual glaciers. The highest mountain in Peru, Huascarán, at 6,768 metres (22,205 ft) high, is located there.

The Cordillera Blanca lies in the Ancash region and runs parallel to the Santa River valley (also called Callejón de Huaylas in its upper and midsections) on the west. Huascarán National Park, established in 1975, encompasses almost the entire range of the Cordillera Blanca.

Snowmelt from the Cordillera Blanca provides part of northern Peru with its year-round water supply, while 5% of Peru's power comes from a hydro-electrical plant located in the Santa River valley. The area of permanent ice cover shrank by about a third between the 1970s and 2006.
Pantothenate kinase
Pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33, PanK; CoaA) is the first enzyme in the Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.  It phosphorylates pantothenate (vitamin B5) to form 4'-phosphopantothenate at the expense of a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of CoA.

CoA is a necessary cofactor in all living organisms. It acts as the major acyl group carrier in many important cellular processes, such as the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and fatty acid metabolism. Consequently, pantothenate kinase is a key regulatory enzyme in the CoA biosynthetic pathway.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Gender inequality in China
In 2023, China ranked 41st out of 172 countries on the United Nations Development Programme's Gender Inequality Index (GII). Among the GII components, China's maternal mortality ratio was 23 out of 100,000 live births. In its education inequality, 68.3% of women age 25 and older had completed secondary education, compared to 77.9% of men. Women's labour force participation rate was 54.6% (compared to 75.6% percent for men), and women held 26.5 percent of seats in the National People's Congress.

Marriage in modern China
Marriage has undergone change during the reform and opening up period, especially as a result of new legal policies such as the New Marriage Law of 1950 and the family planning policy in place from 1979 to 2015. The major transformation in the twentieth century is characterized by the change from traditional structures for Chinese marriage, such as arranged marriage, to one where the freedom to choose one’s partner is generally respected. However, both parental and cultural pressures are still placed on many individuals, especially women, to choose socially and economically advantageous marriage partners. In 2024, China was on track to record fewer marriages since records began in 1980. In 2010, 1.96 million couples applied for divorce, representing a rate 14% higher than the previous year, and twice as high as ten years before. Despite the rising divorce rate, marriage is still thought of as a natural part of the life course and as a responsibility of good citizenship in China.
Civil Authority for the New Sudan
Civil Authority for the New Sudan or (CANS) was an interim organization formed by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement during the Second Sudanese Civil War to administer the rebel-controlled areas. It is the most direct predecessor to the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS).

The idea for the CANS originated in the SPLM's September 7–12, 1991 meeting in Torit. It was formally called into being by the "Vision and Programme of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement" published by the SPLM Political Secretariat in March 1998.

After the end of the war, the CANS was transformed into the GoSS, as outlined in the 2004 SPLM Strategic Framework for War-to-Peace Transition. Riek Machar was responsible for executing this transformation.

Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)
Southern Sudan (Arabic: حكومة جنوب السودان Ḥukūmat Janūb as-Sūdān; Dinka: Lɔ̈k Bïkrotmac Paguot Thudän) was an autonomous region consisting of the ten southern states of Sudan between its formation in July 2005 and independence as the Republic of South Sudan in July 2011. The autonomous government was initially established in Rumbek and later moved to Juba. It was bordered by Ethiopia to the east; Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south; and the Central African Republic to the west. To the north lies the predominantly Arab and Muslim region directly under the control of the central government. The region's autonomous status was a condition of a peace agreement between the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) and the Government of Sudan represented by the National Congress Party ending the Second Sudanese Civil War. The conflict was Africa's longest running civil war.
Miron Grindea
Miron Grindea OBE (31 January 1909 – 18 November 1995) was a Romanian-British literary journalist and the editor of ADAM International Review, a literary magazine published for more than 50 years. In 1984, ADAM was said to be "the world's longest surviving literary magazine". Its title was an acronym for "Arts, Drama, Architecture and Music".

Maughan Library
The Maughan Library (/mɔːn/) is the main university research library of King's College London, forming part of the Strand Campus. A 19th-century neo-Gothic building located on Chancery Lane in the City of London, it was formerly the home to the headquarters of the Public Record Office, known as the "strong-box of the Empire", and was acquired by the university in 2001. Following a £35M renovation designed by Gaunt Francis Architects, the Maughan is the largest new university library in the United Kingdom since World War II.