hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holly Springs Raid
The Holly Springs Raid (December 20, 1862) saw Earl Van Dorn lead Confederate cavalry against a Union supply depot at Holly Springs, Mississippi during the American Civil War. The mounted raiders achieved complete surprise, capturing the Federal garrison and destroying $1.5 million of supplies intended for Ulysses S. Grant's army. In the following days, Van Dorn's troopers moved north along the Mississippi Central Railroad almost to Bolivar, Tennessee, destroying track and bridges, before escaping into northern Mississippi. The damage inflicted by the Holly Springs Raid together with the harm caused by Nathan Bedford Forrest's West Tennessee Raids forced Grant's Union army to withdraw to Memphis. Additionally, both Van Dorn and Forrest's raids obstructed the full implementation of Grant's controversial General Order No. 11 for weeks, preventing many Jewish people from being expelled from Grant's military district.

Shelby Foote
Shelby Dade Foote Jr. (November 17, 1916 – June 27, 2005) was an American writer and journalist. Although he primarily viewed himself as a novelist, he is now best known for his authorship of The Civil War: A Narrative, a three-volume history of the American Civil War.

With geographic and cultural roots in the Mississippi Delta, Foote's life and writing paralleled the radical shift from the agrarian planter system of the Old South to the Civil Rights era of the New South. Foote was little known to the general public until his appearance in Ken Burns's PBS documentary The Civil War in 1990, where he introduced a generation of Americans to a war that he believed was "central to all our lives."

Foote did all his writing by hand with a nib pen, later transcribing the result into a typewritten copy. While Foote's work was mostly well-received during his lifetime, it has been criticized by professional historians and academics in the 21st century.
Eclipse (horse)
Eclipse (1 April 1764 – 26 February 1789) was an undefeated 18th-century British Thoroughbred racehorse who won 18 races, including 11 King's Plates. He raced before the introduction of the British Classic Races, at a time when four-mile heat racing was the norm. He was considered the greatest racehorse of his time and the expression, "Eclipse first, the rest nowhere" entered the English vernacular as an expression of dominance.

After retiring from racing, he became a very successful sire, whose offspring included three Epsom Derby winners: Young Eclipse, Saltram and Serjeant. He was also a successful sire of sires, and his sire line has become dominant in the modern Thoroughbred worldwide through descendants such as Northern Dancer, Mr. Prospector and Sunday Silence.

Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland
The title of champion, or leading, sire of racehorses in Great Britain and Ireland is awarded to the stallion whose offspring have won the most prize money in Britain and Ireland during the flat racing season. The current (2023) champion is Frankel, who earned his first title in 2021.

Unlike the similar title for leading sire in North America, the stallion in question does not need to have resided in Great Britain or Ireland during his stud career, although the vast majority have done so. Northern Dancer is the most notable example of a North American-based stallion who won this title. The Northern Dancer sire line has dominated the list for the last several decades, mostly through his son Sadler's Wells (14 titles) and grandson Galileo (12 titles).

The 2016 novel Mount! by Jilly Cooper describes the process to gain the fictional title for global leading sire.
Intersport Cup 2021
The Intersport Cup 2021 is a friendly women's handball tournament held between 25 and 28 November 2021, organised by the Norwegian Handball Federation as preparation for the home team for the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship and named Intersport for sponsorship reasons.

2021 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2021 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 25th event by the International Handball Federation, was held in Spain from 1 to 19  December 2021. On 18 October 2018, at a congress in Doha, Qatar, the IHF announced that the World Championship would be expanded from 24 teams to 32 teams from 2021 onwards.

The Netherlands were the defending champions after winning for the first time in 2019. However, they finished third in their main round group and failed to qualify for the quarterfinals.

Norway defeated France to win their fourth title. Denmark captured the bronze medal by winning against Spain.
Freemasonry in North Macedonia
Freemasonry in North Macedonia (Macedonian: Слободно ѕидарство во Северна Македонија, romanized: Slobodno dzidarstvo vo Severna Makedonija) re-emerged in the 1990s, after the collapse of communism in South Eastern Europe.

Today, there are five bodies of Freemasonry represented in North Macedonia:

Grand Lodge of Macedonia (in amity with UGLE)

Grand Orient de France in North Macedonia, Lodge "Вистина - La Vérité" (under GODF)

Grand Lodge Makedon

Grand Lodge of Freemasonry for Men and Women in North Macedonia (Co-Freemasonry)

Regular Grand Lodge of Macedonia (independent)

Regular Grand Lodge of Macedonia
The Regular Grand Lodge of Macedonia is a Grand Lodge of Freemasonry operating in North Macedonia. It has three constituent lodges:

Lodge Saint Naum of Ohrid

Lodge Old Skopje

Lodge Justinian The Great

The Regular Grand Lodge of Macedonia is not recognised as a Regular Masonic jurisdiction by the United Grand Lodge of England or other regular jurisdictions. The regular body in North Macedonia is the older Grand Lodge of Macedonia.
The OpenMS Proteomics Pipeline
The OpenMS Proteomics Pipeline (TOPP) is a set of computational tools that can be chained together to tailor problem-specific analysis pipelines for HPLC-MS data. It transforms most of the OpenMS functionality into small command line tools that are the building blocks for more complex analysis pipelines. The functionality of the tools ranges from data preprocessing (file format conversion, baseline reduction, noise reduction, peak picking, map alignment,...) over quantitation (isotope-labeled and label-free) to identification (wrapper tools for Mascot, Sequest, InsPecT and OMSSA).

TOPP is developed in the groups of Prof. Knut Reinert  at the Free University of Berlin and in the group of Prof. Kohlbacher  at the University of Tübingen.

For more detailed information about the TOPP tools, see the TOPP documentation of the latest release and the TOPP publication in the references.

The OpenMS Proteomics Pipeline is free software released under the 3-clause BSD license.

Mascot (software)
Mascot is a software search engine that uses mass spectrometry data to identify proteins from peptide sequence databases. Mascot is widely used by research facilities around the world. Mascot uses a probabilistic scoring algorithm for protein identification that was adapted from the MOWSE algorithm. Mascot is freely available to use on the website of Matrix Science. A license is required for in-house use where more features can be incorporated.
Carmen Quidiello
Carmen Quidiello Castillo (April 29, 1915 – December 19, 2020) was a Cuban-born Dominican poet, playwright and social activist. Quidiello served as First Lady of the Dominican Republic in 1963 during the short tenure of her husband, former President and Dominican Liberation Party (PLD) founder, Juan Bosch.

First Lady of the Dominican Republic
First Lady of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Primera dama de la República Dominicana) is the title referring to the wife, or designee, of the president of the Dominican Republic. The official government Office of the First Lady was created by Decree 741-00 on September 10, 2000.

The position of first lady is not a politically-mandated office, and the first lady plays no official role in the government of the Dominican Republic. However, like many other spouses of heads of state and of government, the first lady of the Dominican Republic is a public figure who often contributes to philanthropic causes and acts as an unofficial representative for the head of state. There is a government-funded Office of the First Lady, with a staff.

Raquel Arbaje became the first lady on the election of her husband, Luis Abinader, as president in 2020.
Paula Martín Sampedro
Paula Martín Sampedro (born 2 September 2005) is a Spanish amateur golfer and Stanford Cardinal player. She won the 2022 Junior Golf World Cup, 2022 World Junior Girls Golf Championship, the 2024 NCAA Team Championship, 2025 Women's Amateur Championship, and 2025 European Ladies Amateur Championship.

2022 Espirito Santo Trophy
The 2022 Espirito Santo Trophy took place 24–27 August at Le Golf National and Golf de Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche south-west of Paris, France.

It was the 29th women's golf World Amateur Team Championship for the Espirito Santo Trophy.
Sailor suit
A sailor suit is a uniform that originated in the United Kingdom, traditionally worn by enlisted seamen in a navy or other governmental sea services. It later developed into a popular clothing style for children, especially as dress clothes and school uniforms.

School uniform
A school uniform is a uniform worn by students primarily for a school or otherwise an educational institution. They are common in primary and secondary schools in various countries and are generally widespread in Africa, Asia, Oceania, the British Isles and much of the Americas, but are not common in the United States, Canada, and most countries in continental Europe.

An example of a uniform would be requiring button-up shirts, trousers for boys, and blouses and  pleated skirts for girls, with both wearing blazers. A uniform can even be as simple as requiring collared shirts, or restricting colour choices and limiting items students are allowed to wear.
Abel Aferalign
Abel Aferalign (born 24 August 1983) is an Ethiopian bantamweight boxer. Competing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, Aferalign lost to Bulgarian Detelin Dalakliev in the round of 32.

Aferalign qualified for the 2004 Athens Games by ending up in second place at the 2nd AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Gaborone, Botswana. In the final, he was defeated by Morocco's Hamid Ait Bighrade.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Beneficiary principle
The beneficiary principle is a policy of English trusts law, and trusts in Commonwealth jurisdictions, that trusts which do not have charitable objects, as under the UK Charities Act 2006 sections 2 and 3, and also do not make the trust property available for the benefit of defined people (i.e. beneficiaries), are void.

Charities Act 2006
The Charities Act 2006 (c. 50) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to alter the regulatory framework in which charities operate, partly by amending the Charities Act 1993. The act was mostly superseded by the Charities Act 2011, which consolidates charity law in the UK.
Galerie des Carrosses
The Galerie des Carrosses (Gallery of Coaches), and previously named the Musée des Carrosses until 2006, is a history and transport museum in Versailles (Yvelines), France, featuring a collection of carriages, mainly from the 19th century. Part of the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, it is housed in the Grande Écurie (Great Stable).

Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
Louis Joseph (Louis Joseph Xavier François; 22 October 1781 – 4 June 1789) was Dauphin of France as the second child and first son of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. As son of a king of France, he was a fils de France ("Child of France"). Louis Joseph died aged seven from tuberculosis and was succeeded as Dauphin (and thus heir-apparent) by his four-year-old brother Louis Charles.
Conseil scolaire de district catholique de l'Est ontarien
Conseil scolaire de district catholique de l'Est ontarien is the Roman Catholic separate, French language school board for the Southeastern region of Ontario. It is headquartered in L'Orignal, a largely French-speaking town in eastern Ontario, and serves the counties of Prescott and Russell and Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. This school board has 32 schools in total, including 7 secondary schools.

Rockland, Ontario
Rockland is a bilingual community located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, part of the city of Clarence-Rockland. Rockland has a population of 13,625 (2021), making up roughly half the population of the municipality. It is home to a large part of the francophone community in Eastern Ontario along with the towns situated to the east and the Ottawa suburb of Orleans to the west.

It was a separate town until January 1, 1998, when it amalgamated with Clarence Township to form the City of Clarence-Rockland.
Puliyanmala
Puliyanmala is a village in Idukki district of Kerala state, India. The places intersects SH-19 (Munnar-Kumily) and SH-33 (Thodupuzha-Puliyanmala), which are the two important state highways in the district. It comes under the premises of Kattappana municipality and belongs to the newly formed Idukki constituency.

Kumily
Kumily, also spelt as Kumaly (Malayalam: [kumɐɭi]) is a revenue village and Gram Panchayat in the Idukki district of the state of Kerala. It is a town in Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and Periyar Tiger Reserve and a well frequented tourist destination. Kumily is a border town of Kerala adjacent to Tamil Nadu.
Block quotation
A block quotation (also known as a long quotation or extract) is a quotation in a written document that is set off from the main text as a paragraph, or block of text, and typically distinguished visually using indentation and a different typeface or smaller size font. This is in contrast to setting it off with quotation marks in a run-in quote. Block quotations are used for long quotations. The Chicago Manual of Style recommends using a block quotation when extracted text is 100 words or more, or approximately six to eight lines in a typical manuscript.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
Fencing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre
The men's sabre competition in fencing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 10 August at the Carioca Arena 3. There were 32 competitors from 25 nations. The event was won by Áron Szilágyi of Hungary, the fourth man to successfully defend an Olympic title in the sabre and 14th to win multiple medals of any color. It was Hungary's 14th gold medal in the event, half of all possible. Daryl Homer earned the United States' first medal in the event since 1984 with his silver, while Kim Jung-hwan took South Korea's first individual men's sabre medal ever with his bronze.

Fencing at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The fencing competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 14 August at the Carioca Arena 3 inside the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca. Around 212 fencers (an equal distribution between men and women; of which, eight fencers came from the host nation Brazil) competed in 10 events -- six individual and four team.

Similar to 2008 and 2012, the International Fencing Federation maintained the format of ten events with a rotation system for team events. As a result, the men's team sabre and the women's team foil were dropped from the program only at these Games.
78th Jussi Awards
The 78th annual Jussi Awards, presented by Filmiaura, honoring the achievement in Finnish cinema in 2023, took place on 22 March 2024 at the Merikaapelihalli at Kaapelitehdas in Helsinki. The ceremony was hosted by actors Katariina Kaitue and Jaana Saarinen.

Comedy drama film Family Time won the Best Film and two other awards. Action thriller film Sisu won the most awards of the ceremony with four. Other winners included Je'vida with three, Death Is a Problem, Four Little Adults, The Homecoming, How to Please, Lapua 1976, and Light Light Light with one.

Jussi Award for Best Film
Jussi Award for Best Film is an award presented annually at the Jussi Awards by Filmiaura, a Finnish film organization founded in 1962. The 1st Jussi Awards ceremony was held in 1944, but the award for Best Film was introduced in 1986 at the 41st Jussi Awards where Shadows in Paradise won the first award. The category was absent for the next five years but the award was presented again at the 47th Jussi Awards, and has since been presented annually.

The Best Film award was presented to the awarded film's director, producer and the production company (with the exception of 1986) until 2008. Since 2008, the award has been given to the film's producer only.
SP-21 Barak
The SP-21 Barak (Hebrew: ברק, lightning) is a double action/single action semi-automatic, recoil-operated pistol developed and produced by Israel Weapon Industries in 2002. The gun was made to suit both self-defense and law enforcement needs.

The SP-21 Barak is made of polymer and its grip has integrated polymer. It has a frame-mounted thumb safety. The Israeli-made weapon was marketed to Europe and United States in 2003. The gun's suggested retail price is US$499.

Israel Weapon Industries
Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), formerly the Magen division of the Israel Military Industries Ltd. (IMI), is an Israeli firearms manufacturer founded in 1933.

Formerly owned by the State of Israel, the Small Arms Division of IMI was privatized and renamed IWI in 2005.

IWI is one of the world's most famous and bestselling military arms manufacturers. 
The Magen division rose to international prominence in the 1950s, as the creator of the Uzi, of which over 10 million would be produced, netting billions of dollars for the company. Subsequent well known military exports have included the Jericho 941 semi-automatic pistol, Negev light machine gun, Galil assault rifle, Tavor assault rifle, and the DAN .338 sniper rifle.

IWI develops and manufactures guns used by armies and law enforcement agencies around the world.
Yojana Gandha
Yojangandha (Nepali: योजनगन्धा) is a Nepali novel by Binod Prasad Dhital. It was published in 1995 by Sajha Prakashan. The book is based on a character from Mahabharata, Satyawati. The book won the prestigious Madan Puraskar. It is second book of the author who previously penned a regional novel called Ujyalo Hunu Aghi.

Shantanu
Shantanu (Sanskrit: शांतनु, शान्तनु, IAST: Śāṃtanu, Śāntanu) is a character in the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata. He was the King of Kuru kingdom with his capital at Hastinapura. He was a descendant of the Bharata race, a forebear of the lineage of the Chandravamsha, the father of Bhishma and the great-grandfather of the Pandavas and the Kauravas.

Shantanu was the youngest son of King Pratipa of Hastinapura and had been born during the king's later years. His eldest brother, Devapi, had leprosy, and had given up his rightful claim before becoming a hermit. The middle son, Bahlika (or Vahlika), abandoned his birth kingdom, and had started living with his maternal uncle in Balkh, subsequently inheriting his kingdom. Shantanu, thus, ascended the throne of Hastinapura.
Car collection of the 29th Sultan of Brunei
The car collection of the  Sultan of Brunei is the largest private car collection in the world, consisting of approximately 7,000 cars, which have an estimated combined value over US$5 billion. Within his collection of cars, the Sultan's collection of Ferrari F40s, McLaren F1s, and Rolls-Royce vehicles are particularly notable due to the rarity of the vehicles and their value. Brunei holds the Guinness World Record for the largest private Rolls-Royce collection, with around 150 cars, while the Sultan and his brother, Prince Jefri Bolkiah, are said to own an additional 1,998 luxury vehicles.

Bentley Continental R
The Bentley Continental R is a luxury coupé manufactured by British automobile manufacturer Bentley Motors from 1991 to 2003. It was the first Bentley to feature a body not shared with a Rolls-Royce model since the 1965 S3 Continental and was the first to use the GM 4L80-E transmission. The Continental R was the fastest, most expensive, and most powerful Bentley automobile of its day. It was also the most expensive production car in the world at its introduction. A convertible derivative, called the Bentley Azure, was launched in 1995.
East Seaham
East Seaham is a primarily rural suburb of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the east bank of the Williams River, opposite Glen Oak and Seaham. At the 2011 census, the population of East Seaham and the adjacent suburb of Balickera was 359, with the two suburbs having an average population density of 5.5/km2 (14/sq mi).

The Greswick Public School operated in East Seaham between 1895 and 1937, supported by the development of farms in and around East Seaham. The schoolhouse was moved to Seaham after a bushfire in 1939 and operated as Seaham Public School until the 1960s.

Glen Oak, New South Wales
Glen Oak is a small community in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, shared between the Port Stephens and Dungog local government areas (LGA). Approximately two thirds of the suburb's 45.1 square kilometres (17.4 sq mi) is located within the Port Stephens LGA while the remaining third, which is sparsely populated, is located in Dungog Shire.
Pikey Peak
Pikey Peak is a 4,065 metres (13,337 ft) high mountain in the Solukhumbu District of Nepal. A clear day on the summit provides a view of multiple 8,000 m peaks, including what is said to have been Edmund Hillary's favorite view of Everest.

Trekkers may approach Pikey from the south beginning in Dhap and passing through Jhapre. An approach from the west may commence at either Jiri or Shivalaya, passing through Deurali, Tallo Bandhar, and Goli Gumba along the way.

Solukhumbu District
Solukhumbu District (Nepali: सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला [solukʰumbu] ⓘ, Sherpa: ཤར་ཁུམ་བུ་རྫོང་།, Wylie: shar khum bu dzong) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. As the name suggests, it consists of the sub-regions Solu and Khumbu. The closest post office to Solukhumbu with a postal code assigned to it is the Sindhuli D.P.O., which has the postal code 56000.

The district, with Salleri as its headquarters, covers an area of 3,312 km2 (1,279 sq mi) and had a population of 104,851 in 2021, 105,886 in 2011, and 107,686 in 2001.

Mount Everest is in the northern part of this district, within Sagarmatha National Park.
Shafarevich's theorem on solvable Galois groups
In mathematics, Shafarevich's theorem states that any finite solvable group is the Galois group of some finite extension of the rational numbers. It was first proved by Igor Shafarevich (1954), though Alexander Schmidt later pointed out a gap in the proof, which was fixed by Shafarevich (1989).

Solvable group
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of group theory, a solvable group or soluble group is a group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions.  Equivalently, a solvable group is a group whose derived series terminates in the trivial subgroup.