hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Delta Air Lines disruption
In July 2024, Delta Air Lines, a major U.S. carrier and one of the largest airlines in the world, experienced an operational disruption following the 2024 CrowdStrike incident including the cancelation of over 1,200 flights. The incident began on the morning of Friday, July 19 when a ground stop was issued by major carriers. While other carriers quickly recovered, the crisis continued for Delta until it was able to resume normal flight operations on July 25. Delta confirmed that the crisis resulted in the cancellation of over 7,000 flights over the five days of the disruption and affected over 1.3 million passengers.

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) opened an investigation into Delta Air Lines' response to the outage. The department later classified the flight delays and cancellations resulting from the July 19, 2024, incident as a "controllable" event, placing responsibility for the disruptions on the airline.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Acer sinense
Acer sinense is a species of flowering plant in the maple genus Acer, native to southeast and south-central China. A small (typically 3 to 5 m tall) tree rarely reaching 15 m, it prefers to grow in forested valleys 500 to 2500 m above sea level.

It is a highly morphologically variable species, leading to some taxonomic confusion. Some authorities consider it to be a subspecies of Campbell's maple, Acer campbellii subsp. sinense, but this is incorrect; it is in its own species complex. Good traits to distinguish it from members of the Acer wilsonii species complex are that its inflorescence is a compound corymbose panicle with 60 to 70 flowers, with pedicels that are 5 to 6 mm long, its ovaries are pilose, appearing white, and its nutlet is nearly glabrous, and convex, without any veins.

Acer campbellii
Acer campbellii, commonly known as Campbell's maple or Himalayan maple, is a species of maple tree indigenous to mixed forests at elevations of 1,800–3,700 metres (6,000–12,000 ft) in Bhutan, northern India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam, as well as southern Sichuan, southern Tibet, and northwest Yunnan in China. It may grow up to 15 m (49 ft) in height. The deciduous leaves are 8–15 cm (3.1–5.9 in) by 9–22 cm (3.5–8.7 in) in size.
Hotel Manger
The Hotel Manger (pronounced Mang-er as in hangar), renamed the Hotel Madison in 1959, was a hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, which operated from 1930 to 1976. It was attached to North Station and the Boston Garden. In 1983, the building was demolished to make way for the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Federal Building.

Boston and Maine Railroad
The Boston and Maine Railroad (reporting mark BM; commonly known as Boston & Maine, abbreviated B&M) was a U.S. Class I railroad in northern New England. It was chartered in 1835, and became part of what was the Pan Am Railways network in 1983, most of which was purchased by CSX in 2022.

At the end of 1970, B&M operated 1,515 route-miles (2,438 km) on 2,481 miles (3,993 km) of track, not including Springfield Terminal. That year, it reported 2,774 million ton-miles (4,464 million kilometres) of revenue freight and 92 million passenger-miles (148 million kilometres).
Return of the Tender Lover
Return of the Tender Lover is the eighth studio album from American R&B singer Babyface. It was released December 4, 2015, on Def Jam Recordings. The album pays homage to his classic 1989 album, Tender Lover and serves as the follow-up to his last album Grown & Sexy (2005). It is his first solo album of new studio material in 10 years.

While its lyrics focus mainly on themes of romance, perseverance and devotion, Return of the Tender Lover incorporates pop-soul love songs as well as elements of old-school R&B that evokes some his earlier work. As a result, the album received generally positive reviews from critics who praised the album's production, songwriting and direction. "We've Got Love" was released as the album's lead single on August 4, 2015.

Tender Lover
Tender Lover is the second studio album by American R&B singer-songwriter Babyface. The album was released on July 7, 1989. It is the follow-up to his debut Lovers (1986). It was his first album with SOLAR (Sound of Los Angeles Records) after the label entered into a distribution deal with Epic Records. In some regions of Europe, Tender Lover was released with a different cover picture and simply titled Babyface.
2014 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup
The 2014 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in İzmir, Turkey between 15 and 21 September 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Chinese New Year's Eve
Chinese New Year's Eve (Chinese: 除夕, romanized: chúxī) is the day before the Chinese New Year. The holiday falls between January 21 and February 20 on the Gregorian calendar. Evolving over a long period of time, it is considered a reunion day for every ethnic Chinese family. The origin of Chinese New Year's Eve can be traced back to 3,500 years ago.

Menshen
Menshen, or door gods, are divine guardians of doors and gates in Chinese folk religions, used to protect against evil influences or to encourage the entrance of positive ones. They began as the divine pair Shenshu (Chinese: 神荼; Jyutping: San4syu1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sîn-su) and Yulü (Chinese: 鬱壘; Jyutping: Wat1leot6; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ut-lu̍t) under the Han, but the deified generals Qin Shubao (Chinese: 秦叔寶; Jyutping: Ceon4 Suk1bou2; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chîn Siok-pó) and Yuchi Gong (Chinese: 尉遲恭; Jyutping: Wat1ci4 Gung1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ut-tî Kiong) have been more popular since the Tang. In cases where a door god is affixed to a single door, Wei Zheng or Zhong Kui is commonly used.
Dachengzi, Beijing
Dachengzi Town (simplified Chinese: 大城子镇; traditional Chinese: 大城子鎮; pinyin: Dàchéngzi Zhèn) is a town located in the Miyun District of Beijing, China. It sits within a valley, with Hongmenchuan and Qingshui Rivers flow through it. The town borders Taishitun and Beizhuang Towns in its north, Shangshidong Township and Liudaohe Town in its east, Zhenluoying and Dahushan Towns in its south, and Jugezhuang Town in its west. Its population was 9,443 in 2020.

The name Dachengzi (Chinese: 大城子; lit. 'Big City') comes from Dachengzi Village, the place where the town's government resides in.

Dahuashan
Dahuashan Town (simplified Chinese: 大华山镇; traditional Chinese: 大華山鎮; pinyin: Dàhuàshān Zhèn) is a town situated on the northwestern part of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. Its southern portion is an alluvial plain, and is surrounded by mountains on the other three directions. The town shares border with Jugezhuang and Dachengzi Towns to its north, Zhenluoying Town and Xiong'erzhai Township to its east, Wangxinzhuang Town to its south, as well as Liujiadian and Dongshaoqu Towns to its west. As of 2020, it had a population of 15,209.

The name Dahuashan (Chinese: 大华山; lit. 'Great Magnificent Mountain') refers to the Dahua Mountain on the east of the town.
Gary Hogan Field
Gary Hogan Field is a baseball venue located in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States.  It has been home to the Little Rock Trojans college baseball team of the Division I Ohio Valley Conference since 1978 and also the home of the Arkansas Baptist College Buffaloes junior college baseball team of Region 2 of the National Junior College Athletic Association. Formerly known as Curran Conway Field, the venue has a capacity of 2,550.

Arkansas Baptist College
Arkansas Baptist College (ABC) is a private Baptist-affiliated historically black college in Little Rock, Arkansas. Founded in 1884 as the Minister's Institute, while later renaming it to its current name in April 1885, ABC was initially funded by the Colored Baptists of the State of Arkansas. It is the only historically black Baptist school west of the Mississippi River. The Main Building on its campus, built in 1893, is one of the oldest surviving academic buildings in the state, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Jonathan Dayton
Jonathan Dayton (October 16, 1760 – October 9, 1824) was an American Founding Father and politician from New Jersey. At 26, he was the youngest person to sign the Constitution of the United States. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1791 and later served from 1795 to 1799 as its third Speaker. He left the House in 1799 after being elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served one term. Dayton was arrested in 1807 for alleged treason in connection with Aaron Burr's conspiracy to establish an independent country in the Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. He was exonerated by a grand jury, but his national political career never recovered.

Elizabeth, New Jersey
Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark, Jersey City and Paterson, with a population of 137,298, an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census.

The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 140,413 for 2024, making it the 201st-most populous city in the nation and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township.
Mount Colah railway station
Mount Colah railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Main North line, serving the Sydney suburb of Mount Colah. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 North Shore Line services and some early morning and late night intercity Central Coast & Newcastle Line services.

Main Northern railway line
The Main Northern railway line (also known as the Great Northern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia, running from Strathfield in Sydney to Armidale.

The 1980s saw the line closed progressively north of Armidale; passenger services north of Tamworth were cancelled in 1990 but were reintroduced as far as the former two years later.

The Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor now branches off the Great Northern Railway after Maitland and follows the North Coast line.
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Wadsworth, Ohio)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (Wadsworth Congregational Church or Old Mennonite Church) is a historic church building at 146 College Street, Wadsworth, Ohio.

Built in 1842, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The Episcopal congregation held its final service on March 6, 2022, and was closed by the Diocese of Ohio. As of 2023, the building is occupied by LifeSong Fellowship, a congregation of the Anglican Diocese of the Great Lakes.

Wadsworth, Ohio
Wadsworth is a city in Medina County, Ohio, United States. Founded on March 1, 1814, the city was named after General Elijah Wadsworth, a Revolutionary War hero and War of 1812 officer who owned the largest share of the lands that became Medina County. The population of Wadsworth was 24,007 at the 2020 census.
Victor E. Neuburg
Victor Edward Neuburg (8 March 1924 – January 1996) was a scholar.

Neuburg was born in Steyning, Sussex, the son of Victor Benjamin Neuburg and his wife Kathleen Rose Goddard.

He was educated at the University of Leicester where he received the degree of Master of Education in 1967.

He was Lecturer (later Senior Lecturer) in the School of Librarianship North-Western Polytechnic/Polytechnic of North London. He was general editor of the Woburn Press series of reprints The Social History of Education.

In the year 1984/5 he was Samuel Foster Haven Fellow of the American Antiquarian Society. His Fellowship publication was 'Chapbooks in America', in Cathy N. Davidson, ed., Reading in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989)

Neuburg married Hannah 'Anne' Hilsum (1919–2000) in 1944. They had a daughter, Caroline Neuburg, in 1948, who in turn married Brian Robertson in 1973, with whom she had daughters Katherine and Alison.

Chapbook
A chapbook is a type of small printed booklet that was a popular medium for street literature throughout early modern Europe. Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude woodcuts and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a saddle stitch. Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as almanacs, children's literature, folklore, ballads, nursery rhymes, pamphlets, poetry, and political and religious tracts. The term chapbook remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets.
Red Market (building)
The Almirante Lacerda Municipal Market (Chinese: 提督街市; Portuguese: Mercado Municipal Almirante Lacerda), popularly known as the Red Market (Chinese: 紅街市; Portuguese: Mercado Vermelho), is a three-story wet market building in Santo António, Macau, China.

Santo António, Macau
Santo António is a civil parish in the western portion of the Macau Peninsula of Macau. It has the highest population density in Macau (98,776 persons per km²).

This parish was one of five in the former Municipality of Macau, one of Macau's two municipalities that were abolished on 31 December 2001 by Law No. 17/2001, following the 1999 transfer of sovereignty over Macau from Portugal to China. While their administrative functions have since been removed, these parishes are still retained nominally.

It is north of the parish of Sé, south of Nossa Senhora de Fátima parish, west of São Lázaro parish, and east of the Inner Harbor (Porto Interior).
Parathodu
Parathodu is a village under Kanjirappally Taluk in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. 
It is located 44 km east of Kottayam, in the eastern midland–highrange belt, the area has an economy largely supported by rubber and other plantation crops. It features a mix of rural and semi-urban characteristics, with access to schools, basic healthcare facilities, and good connectivity to major towns.

Mundakayam
Mundakayam, is a town in Kanjirappally Taluk in the Kottayam District of Kerala. It is the doorway to the high ranges of southern Kerala, and is at the border of Kottayam and Idukki districts. The next nearest town, Kanjirappally, is 14 km (8.7 mi) & Erumely is 12 km from Mundakayam. Mundakayam has rubber plantations, and greenery. The Manimala River runs through Mundakayam. It is located 48 km east of the district headquarters at Kottayam and 148 km from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. The name Mundakayam is said to be derived from the Mundi cranes that used to be seen along the Manimala River banks.
Iwan
An iwan (Persian: ایوان, eyvān, also romanized as ivan or ivān/īvān, Arabic: إيوان, ’īwān) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called pishtaq, a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. Since the definition allows for some interpretation, the overall forms and characteristics can vary greatly in terms of scale, material, or decoration.

Iwans are most commonly associated with Islamic architecture; however, the form is pre-Islamic Iranian in origin and was invented much earlier and fully developed in Mesopotamia around the third century CE, during the Parthian period.

Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.

The Mycenaeans (ca. 1800–1050 BC) were known for their tholos tombs, also called beehive tombs, which were underground structures with conical vaults. This type of vault is one of the earliest evidences of curved brick architecture without the use of stone arches, and its construction represented an innovative technique for covering circular spaces.
1935 Indianapolis 500
The 23rd International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday, May 30, 1935. Despite attempts to improve participant safety by requiring crash helmets and installing green and yellow lights around the track, the event that year would prove to be one of the worst in terms of fatalities.

Kelly Petillo won the race, accompanied by riding mechanic Jimmy Dunham. Pete DePaolo, the 1925 winner, was the team principal, becoming the first individual to win the race separately as a driver and an owner.

The race was part of the 1935 AAA Championship Car season.

1925 Indianapolis 500
The 13th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 30, 1925.

Race winner Peter DePaolo became the first driver to complete the 500 miles in under five hours, and have an average over 100 mph. Norman Batten drove 21 laps of relief (laps 106–127) while DePaolo had his hands bandaged due to blisters and bruises.
Toyota CD engine
The Toyota CD engine is a 2.0 L (1,995 cc) diesel engine used in the Toyota Corolla, RAV4, Avensis and other vehicles. It is a DOHC engine with a bore and stroke of 82.2 mm × 94 mm (3.24 in × 3.70 in) with 116 hp (87 kW). The higher-output CD Series engines have now largely been replaced by the AD engine while low output applications were replaced by the ND engine.

European emission standards
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduce stricter limits to reduce environmental impact.

Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles.: 5
Johann Baptist Allgaier
Johann Baptist Allgaier (June 19, 1763, Schussenried – January 3, 1823, Vienna) was a German-Austrian chess master and theoretician. He was also the author of the first chess handbook in German – Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel (Vienna 1795–96).

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
The American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (AAAOM) is a private graduate school of traditional Oriental medicine and acupuncture in Roseville, Minnesota. It was established in 1997 in response to the encouragement of staff and faculty at the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jinan, China. Classes began in 1999 in a small collection of rooms in the University Technology Center building in Dinkytown, near the University of Minnesota. At that time there were about 40 full and part-time students and the school consisted of two class rooms, four treatment rooms and a small series of adjoining offices which served as reception, administration office and pharmacy. The one clinic consultation room was little more than a closet with a window and enough space for a desk and two chairs.

Roseville, Minnesota
Roseville is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. It is one of two Twin Cities suburbs that border both Saint Paul and Minneapolis (Lauderdale is the other). The population was 36,254 at the 2020 census.
Sridar Theatre
Sridar Theatre or Sridar Cinema is a cinema theatre in the South Indian city of Kochi, Kerala. Located in the Shanmugham Road, Marine Drive, it was opened in 1964. Sridar theatre is the first air conditioned theatre in Kerala.

Marine Drive, Kochi
Marine Drive, officially the APJ Abdul Kalam Marg, is a promenade in Kochi, India. It is built facing the backwaters. Despite its name, no vehicles are allowed on the walkway. With several shopping malls it is as an important centre of shopping activity in Kochi.

The walkway starts from the Kerala High Court junction and continues until the Rajendra Maidan. There are also several boat jetties along the walkway. The walkway has three bridges: the Rainbow bridge, the Chinese Fishing Net Bridge and the House Boat Bridge.