hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Log structure
In algebraic geometry, a log structure provides an abstract context to study semistable schemes, and in particular the notion of logarithmic differential form and the related Hodge-theoretic concepts. This idea has applications in the theory of moduli spaces, in deformation theory and Fontaine's p-adic Hodge theory, among others.

Smooth morphism
In algebraic geometry, a morphism  between schemes is said to be smooth if

(i) it is locally of finite presentation

(ii) it is flat, and

(iii) for every geometric point  the fiber  is regular.

(iii) means that each geometric fiber of f is a nonsingular variety (if it is separated). Thus, intuitively speaking, a smooth morphism gives a flat family of nonsingular varieties.

If S is the spectrum of an algebraically closed field and f is of finite type, then one recovers the definition of a nonsingular variety.

A singular variety is called smoothable if it can be put in a flat family so that the nearby fibers are all smooth. Such a family is called a smoothning of the variety.
2024 Tipperary county hurling team season
The 2024 season was Liam Cahill's second year as manager of the Tipperary senior hurling team.

The team was sponsored for the third year by financial services technology solutions company Fiserv.
The team wore a new home O'Neills jersey with a yellow ribbed neck design and a tribute watermark image of Michael Hogan displayed on the right sleeve.

On 30 January Ronan Maher was named as captain for 2024, with Jake Morris named as vice-captain. Maher had previously been the captain in 2022.

It is the first season since 2008 without Séamus Callanan who announced his retirement from inter-county hurling in September 2023.

Jake Morris (hurler)
Jake Morris (born 13 May 1999) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Nenagh Éire Óg and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a right wing-forward.
Szydłowiecki
The Szydłowiecki (plural: Szydłowieccy, feminine form: Szydłowiecka) was a Polish szlachta (nobility) family. A branch of the House of Odrowąż. Magnates in the Kingdom of Poland and the First Republic of Poland.

Their family nest was Szydłowiec at the Korzeniówka river near Radom in Masovia.

Krzysztof Szydłowiecki
Krzysztof Szydłowiecki (1467–1532) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), magnate, and Count of Szydłowiec.

He was courtier since 1496, Podstoli of Kraków, Treasurer and Marshal of the Court of Prince Zygmunt since 1505, Podkomorzy of Kraków and Court Treasurer of the Crown from 1507 to 1510, castellan of Sandomierz since 1509, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown since 1511, Great Chancellor of the Crown and voivode of Kraków Voivodeship from 1515 to 1527 and castellan of Kraków since 1527. Szydłowiecki was also the Starost of Sieradz, Gostynin, Sochaczew, Nowokrocze, and Łuków.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.
Bioconductor
Bioconductor is a free, open source and open development software project for the analysis and comprehension of genomic data generated by wet lab experiments in molecular biology.

Bioconductor is based primarily on the statistical R programming language, but does contain contributions in other programming languages. It has two releases each year that follow the semiannual releases of R. At any one time there is a release version, which corresponds to the released version of R, and a development version, which corresponds to the development version of R. Most users will find the release version appropriate for their needs. In addition there are many genome annotation packages available that are mainly, but not solely, oriented towards different types of microarrays.

The project was started in the Fall of 2001 and is overseen by the Bioconductor core team, based primarily at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, with other members coming from international institutions.

Plug-in (computing)
In computing, a plug-in (also spelled plugin), add-in (also addin, add-on, or addon) or extension is a software component that extends the functionality of an existing software system without requiring the system to be re-built. A plug-in feature is one way that a system can be customizable.

Applications support plug-ins for a variety of reasons including:

Enable third-party developers to extend an application

Support easily adding new features

Reduce the size of an application by not loading unused features

Separate source code from an application because of incompatible software licenses
Fairview Mall
Fairview Mall (corporately designated CF Fairview Mall) is a large shopping centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, encompassing approximately 80,000 m2 (860,000 ft2). Opened in 1970, the centre has over 180 stores, offices and a cinema complex. It is located several kilometres northeast of downtown, at the northeast corner of Don Mills Road and Sheppard Avenue East in the former city of North York.

Viva Green
Viva Green was a Viva bus rapid transit route in York Region, north of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was operated by Tok Transit under contract from the Region of York.

Service on the Viva Green route was suspended on April 5, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. On August 14, 2023, YRT announced that the route would not resume operation.
The Casella Sisters
Ella and Nelia Casella (1858-1946 and 1859-1950) were British artists, sculptors, and medalists, known for their collaborative work. Both sisters worked frequently in wax, creating portraits which are now held by the Victoria and Albert Museum. They worked together on a variety of illustrations and medal commissions.

Medalist
A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century, the education of a medalist often began with time as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins, a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.
WOKW
WOKW (102.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Curwensville, Pennsylvania, serving Clearfield County with an adult hits format. WOKW’s studios are located in Clearfield, while the transmitter resides in Lawrence Township.

Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
Clearfield County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 80,562. The county seat is Clearfield, and the largest city is DuBois. The county was created in 1804 and later organized in 1822.

Clearfield County comprises the DuBois, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the State College–DuBois, PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.
Federal Building (Little Rock, Arkansas)
The Federal Building of Little Rock, Arkansas is located at 700 West Capitol Avenue, adjacent to the Richard Sheppard Arnold United States Post Office and Courthouse.  It is a large seven-story Modern structure, occupying an entire city block, built in 1962 to the designs of the local firms of Swaim & Allen & Associates and Ginocchio, Cromwell & Associates.  Utilizing modern curtain-wall construction, its exterior (on all four sides) is dominated on the upper floors by a narrow windows separated by limestone spandrels.  The south-facing main entrance is recessed, consisting of several pairs of double doors, with flanking gold-colored grillwork. The building was built by Robert E. McKee General Contractor, Inc. of Dallas, Texas.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

Richard Sheppard Arnold United States Post Office and Courthouse
The Richard Sheppard Arnold United States Post Office and Courthouse is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas in Little Rock, Arkansas. Completed in 1932, in 2003 it was renamed for Court of Appeals judge Richard S. Arnold. It is located at 500 West Capitol Avenue.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 as Little Rock U.S. Post Office and Courthouse.
Everybody Hurts (The Sopranos)
"Everybody Hurts" is the 45th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the sixth of the show's fourth season. Written by Michael Imperioli and directed by Steve Buscemi, it originally aired on October 20, 2002.

Janice Soprano
Janice Soprano Baccalieri is a fictional character in the HBO television drama series The Sopranos and in the film The Many Saints of Newark. She is the eldest sibling of the show's protagonist, Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini). On the show, she is portrayed by Aida Turturro, and a young Janice appears in flashbacks portrayed by Madeline Blue and Juliet Fox. Alexandra Intrator portrays a young Janice Soprano in the 2021 prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark.
Economics of patents
Patents are legal instruments intended to encourage innovation by providing a limited monopoly to the inventor (or their assignee) in return for the disclosure of the invention. The underlying assumption is that innovation is encouraged because an inventor can secure exclusive rights and, therefore, a higher probability of financial rewards for their product in the marketplace or the opportunity to profit from licensing the rights to others. The publication of the invention is mandatory to get a patent. Keeping the same invention as a trade secret rather than disclosing it in a patent publication, for some inventions, could prove valuable well beyond the limited time of any patent term but at the risk of unpermitted disclosure or congenial invention by a third party.

Term of patent
The term of a patent is the maximum time during which it can be maintained in force. It is usually expressed in a number of years either starting from the filing date of the patent application or from the date of grant of the patent. In most patent laws, annuities or maintenance fees have to be regularly paid in order to keep the patent in force. Thus, a patent may lapse before its term if a renewal fee is not paid in due time.
Iñaki Barrenetxea
Iñaki Barrenetxea Giraldez (born 28 November 1973, Bilbao, Basque Country) is a Basque former professional road racing cyclist, who after his professional career turned jury in races and organizer of Bizkaiko Bira. In his amateur years he was part of the Base selection and joined Ripolin Bondex team having as a director Joxean Fernandez Matxin and teammates Oscar Freire and David Seco.

His father was the president of Bizcay Cyclist Federation and his younger brother, Asier, is also a cyclist.

Óscar Freire
Óscar Freire Gómez (born 15 February 1976) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer. He was one of the top sprinters in road bicycle racing, having won the World Championship three times, equalling Alfredo Binda, Rik Van Steenbergen, Eddy Merckx and Peter Sagan. In the later years of his career, he became more of a classics rider. He won the cycling monument Milan–San Remo three times, the green jersey and four stages in the Tour de France and seven stages of the Vuelta a España, throughout a successful career.

Despite his diminutive stature, Freire was a world class sprinter. He had a training philosophy where he rode shorter distances than most professional cyclists, sometimes covering only about half the distance his colleagues would. When growing up he contracted tuberculosis and narrowly avoided having a leg amputated.
Elmshorn
Elmshorn (German pronunciation: [ɛlmsˈhɔʁn] ⓘ; Low German: Elmshoorn) is a town in the district of Pinneberg in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. It is 30 km north of Hamburg on the small river Krückau, a tributary of the Elbe, and with about 50,000 inhabitants is the sixth-largest town in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the birthplace of writer and editor Hermann Schlüter (1851–1919), the mathematician Hermann Weyl (1885–1955) and the medievalist Heinz Woehlk (1944- ).

Pinneberg (district)
Pinneberg (German: [ˈpʰɪnəbɛɐ̯k] ⓘ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Steinburg and Segeberg, the city (and state) of Hamburg and the state of Lower Saxony (district Stade). The island of Heligoland is also part of the district.
Russell family shooting
On June 4, 1925, Francis Lloyd Russell, a 43-year-old man described as having become violently insane, fatally shot eight members of his family while most of them were sleeping in a mass shooting in Hamilton, Ohio, after which he attempted to commit suicide by shooting himself in his left lung, causing injury.

Russell shot and killed his 60-year-old mother, his brother, his brother's wife, along with five of their children. One of their children, their 10-year-old daughter, was unharmed after she hid under a bed. After fatally shooting the victims, Russell continued to shoot his lifeless nieces and nephews. Russell used two weapons to commit the shooting, and fired around 50 shots. According to authorities, Russel "talked incoherently about a mortgage on the home and said he would shoot the pictures off the wall."

Hamilton, Ohio
Hamilton is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is 20 miles (32 km) north of Cincinnati along the Great Miami River. The population was 63,399 at the 2020 census, making Hamilton the second-most populous city in the Cincinnati metropolitan area and the tenth-most populous city in Ohio. Most of the city is served by the Hamilton City School District.
Posterior spinal artery
The posterior spinal artery (dorsal spinal arteries) arises from the vertebral artery in 25% of humans or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 75% of humans, adjacent to the medulla oblongata. It is usually double, and spans the length of the spinal cord. It supplies the grey and white posterior columns of the spinal cord.

Vertebral artery
The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline basilar artery. As the supplying component of the vertebrobasilar vascular system, the vertebral arteries supply blood to the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of brain.
Joki Freund
Walter Jakob "Joki" Freund (September 5, 1926, Höchst, Frankfurt am Main – February 15, 2012, Schwalbach am Taunus) was a German jazz saxophonist.

Freund began playing the accordion as a child, switching to tenor saxophone after World War II ended. Early in the postwar era, he played with Joe Quitter, Carlo Bohlander, Gerry Weinkopf, Joe Klimm, and Jutta Hipp, then formed his own ensemble. He began performing with American musicians, including Donald Byrd, Art Taylor, and Doug Watkins, during their European festival appearances. He played with, and arranged for, Albert Mangelsdorff in the jazz orchestra of Hessischer Rundfunk and Erwin Lehn in the Süddeutscher Rundfunk orchestra. He played with the Frankfurt Jazz Ensemble on soprano saxophone in the 1970s, also performing as a leader around this time.

Erwin Lehn
Erwin Lehn (8 June 1919, Grünstadt – 20 March 2010) was a German jazz composer, bandleader and musician. On 1 April 1951 he established the Südfunk dance orchestra of the South German Radio in Stuttgart, which he directed until 1992. With the start of a new public broadcasting corporation, the Südwestrundfunk, the name of the "Südfunk Tanzorchester" was changed to "SWR Big Band".
The Knowhere Guide
The Knowhere Guide was a crowd-sourced online guide to British towns.  It originally started life as a guide to the skateboarding scene allowing contributors to add and review skateboarding spots, and was created in 1994 by Tim Leighton-Boyce and Paul Sanders. It has been quoted by British guidebooks such as Rough Guides in the past as a recommended source of online information, and the guide also included a fictional town called "Chuffing Hell" which has been mistaken as a real town previously by commercial directories.

The site's comments about the town of Crawley were seen to be so negative that local MP Laura Moffatt stated, "We should have the ability to take things down."

Rough Guides
Rough Guides is a travel company that offers tailor-made trips planned and arranged by local travel experts based in destinations around the world. Originally established as a guidebook publisher in 1982, Rough Guides expanded into customized travel services in 2018.
2007 AFC President's Cup
The 2007 AFC President's Cup was the third edition of the AFC President's Cup, a competition for football clubs in countries categorized as "emerging nations" by the Asian Football Confederation. The eight teams that competed were split up into two groups and play each other team in their group once. The winner of each group then played the runner up in the other group in the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-final matches played in the final match to determine the winner. There was no third place match. Games were played in Lahore, Pakistan, between 20 and 30 September 2007.

AFC Challenge League
The AFC Challenge League (abbreviated as ACGL) is an annual third-tier continental club football competition organised by the Asian Football Confederation. The competition is played among clubs from nations that did not receive direct qualifying slots to the top-tier AFC Champions League Elite or the second-tier AFC Champions League Two, based on the AFC club competitions ranking.

The 2024–25 season marked its inaugural edition in the new format. The winner of the AFC Challenge League gets a direct spot in the group stage of the next season's AFC Champions League Two, if they have not already qualified through domestic performance.
Tursunzoda District
Tursunzoda District (Tajik: Турсунзода, Russian spelling: Tursunzade) is the westernmost district of the Districts of Republican Subordination (RRP), bordering on Uzbekistan in the west and enclosed by Tajikistan's Shahrinav District from the other directions. Its capital is Tursunzoda, called Regar, or "a town on sand", until 1978. Thanks to its warm weather and plentiful irrigation from the local rivers (Shirkent, Karatag, Kofarnihon), Tursunzoda District is a major grower of rice and cotton in Tajikistan. In 2006 it produced 1,400 tons of rice (13% of Tajikistan's rice harvest) and 7,300 tons of cotton (3% of Tajikistan's cotton harvest). It ranks first in the production of these commodities among the districts in RRP. Around 2018, the district was merged into the city of Tursunzoda.

Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts under Republican Subordination (Russian: Районы республиканского подчинения; Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ, romanized: Nohiyahoyi tobe’i jumhuriy), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 districts and 4 district-level cities that are directly under central administration. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is surrounded by the Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, but not part of it. The region shares a border with Dushanbe, Sughd, GBAO, Khatlon, Kyrgyzstan (Batken and Osh regions) and Uzbekistan (Surxondaryo). The region covers an area of 28,500 square kilometres, and has a total population of 2,165,900 (2020). The Districts' ethnic composition in 2010 was 85% Tajik and 11.7% Uzbek.
Windsor Hotel fire
The Windsor Hotel fire occurred on March 17, 1899. The hotel located at 575 Fifth Avenue (at the corner of East 47th Street) in Manhattan, New York City, New York. The seven-story hotel opened in 1873, at a time when hotel residency was becoming popular with the wealthy, and was advertised as "the most comfortable and homelike hotel in New York." It burned down on St Patrick's Day 1899 with great loss of life.

47th Street (Manhattan)
47th Street is an east–west street in Midtown Manhattan, running between First Avenue and the West Side Highway (bisecting Times Square). Traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west, starting at the headquarters of the United Nations. The street includes Manhattan's Diamond District, which lies between Fifth and Sixth Avenues; this section of the street is also known as Diamond Jewelry Way.
1954 Taça de Portugal final
The 1954 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1953–54 Taça de Portugal, the 14th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 27 June 1954 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Sporting CP and Vitória de Setúbal. Sporting CP defeated Vitória de Setúbal 3–2 to claim their fifth Taça de Portugal.

Estádio Nacional
The Estádio Nacional (English: National Stadium), also known as Centro Desportivo Nacional do Jamor (English: Jamor National Sports Centre), is a football stadium. It is located in the civil parish of Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, in the municipality of Oeiras, in the southwestern part of Lisbon District.

The Portugal national team played 46 matches at the stadium from 1945 to 1987, then played additional friendlies in 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2024. The venue was used by B-SAD from 2018 to 2022 and by Casa Pia A.C. in 2022–23, both as a temporary home ground in the Primeira Liga.

The stadium hosted the first ever UEFA club game on 4 September 1955 between Primeira Divisão's third-placed team, Sporting CP, and the Yugoslav champions, Serbian side Partizan Belgrade. It ended as a 3–3 draw and was the first game to be played of the first edition of the European Cup.
2024 Rhondda Cynon Taf National Eisteddfod
The 2024 Rhondda Cynon Taf National Eisteddfod (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru Rhondda Cynon Taf 2024) was held in Pontypridd and across the Rhondda Cynon Taf valleys, Wales, from 3 to 10 August 2024. This marked the first time the National Eisteddfod of Wales had been held in the area since 1956. The 2024 event attracted over 186,000 attendees and was also described as "the greenest Eisteddfod ever".

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
Laxman Pai
Laxman Pai (21 January 1926 – 14 March 2021) was an Indian artist and painter. He was a principal of the Goa College of Art, a post he held from 1977 to 1987. Pai was a recipient of several awards including India's third highest civilian honour of Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.

Sir J. J. School of Art
The Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art (Sir J. J. School of Art) is the oldest art institution in Mumbai, India, and is affiliated with the University of Mumbai. The school grants bachelor's (B.F.A) degrees in Painting, ceramic, Metal work, Interior decoration, Textile design and Sculpture as well as master's degrees (M.F.A.) in Portraiture, Creative Painting, Murals, Sculpture, and Printmaking.