hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zoom H5 Handy Recorder
Zoom H5 Handy Recorder is a handheld digital audio recorder from Zoom Corporation, introduced in January 2014. A successor to the Zoom H4n, the new model features interchangeable input capsules with microphones (as does  the Zoom H6), allowing the recording of up to four tracks simultaneously, both internal and external.

Digital recording
In digital recording, an audio or video signal is converted into a stream of discrete numbers representing the changes over time in air pressure for audio, or chroma and luminance values for video.  This number stream is saved to a storage device.  To play back a digital recording, the numbers are retrieved and converted back into their original analog audio or video forms so that they can be heard or seen.

In a properly matched analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) pair, the analog signal is accurately reconstructed, within the constraints of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, which dictates the sampling rate and quantization error dependent on the audio or video bit depth. Because the signal is stored digitally, assuming proper error detection and correction, the recording is not degraded by copying, storage or interference.
Adenostoma fasciculatum
Adenostoma fasciculatum, commonly known as chamise or greasewood, is a flowering plant native to California and Baja California. This shrub is one of the most widespread plants of the California chaparral ecoregion. Chamise produces a specialized lignotuber underground and at the base of the stem, known as a burl, that allow it to resprout after fire has off burned its stems. It is noted for its greasy, resinous foliage, and its status as one of California's most iconic chaparral shrubs.

Peninsular Ranges
The Peninsular Ranges (also called the Lower California province) are a group of mountain ranges that stretch 930 mi (1,500 km) from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Pacific Coast Ranges, which run along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico. Elevations range from 500 to 10,834 ft (150 to 3,300 m).
Joseph Donovan (boxer)
Joseph James Donovan (2 November 1949 – 27 November 2001) was an Indigenous Australian amateur boxer who competed at the 1968 Mexico Olympics in the light-flyweight division. Joey's first round opponent, who he defeated when the referee stopped the contest, was Hungarian György Gedó. Gedó went on to win the gold medal in the same division in Munich 1972. The sporting complex in his home town of Stuarts Point, NSW, is named in his honour. Donovan is the great-uncle of rugby league players Greg Inglis and Albert Kelly.

György Gedó
György Gedó (born 23 April 1949) is a retired Hungarian light-flyweight boxer. He competed in the 1968, 1972, 1976 and 1980 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1972. He was the European light-flyweight champion in 1969 and 1971. Gedó is Jewish.
William Bradford Reed
William Bradford Reed (June 30, 1806–February 18, 1876) was an American attorney, politician, diplomat, academic, and journalist from Pennsylvania.  He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1834 to 1835.  He was elected Pennsylvania State Attorney General in 1838 and served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 1st district in 1841.  He served as U.S. Minister to China in 1857.  His pro-Confederacy views put him in conflict with other Pennsylvania politicians.  He was the published author of multiple books, including the biographies of his grandfather, General Joseph Reed, and grandmother, Esther de Berdt.

Joseph Reed (politician)
Joseph Reed (August 27, 1741 – March 5, 1785) was an American lawyer, military officer, politician, and  Founding Father of the United States. He served as aide-de-camp to George Washington, as adjutant general of the Continental Army and fought in several key battles during the American Revolutionary War. He is credited with designing the Pine Tree Flag used during the war.

He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress from Pennsylvania and was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation. He served as the third President of Pennsylvania's Supreme Executive Council, a position analogous to the modern office of Governor, from 1778 to 1781. He was elected to Congress a second time in 1784, but did not take office due to poor health.
Burundi–Rwanda relations
Relations between Burundi and Rwanda have existed for at least as long as the states themselves. Before contact with Europeans, Rwanda and Burundi were kingdoms (primarily inhabited by Hutu, Tutsi and Twa) competing to gain control over nearby territory. In the 1880s, the two kingdoms were placed under colonial authority, first by Germany, and then by Belgium after 1919.

Since regaining their independence in the 1960s, the crises and political developments of both nations have had profound impacts on each other. Bilateral relations between Burundi and Rwanda have ranged from being very friendly to very hostile, and are regularly shaped by the relations between Hutu and Tutsi in general.

Gérard Prunier
Gérard Prunier (born 14 October 1942 in Paris
) is a French academic, historian, and consultant. He specializes in African history and affairs
—particularly the Horn of Africa and the African Great Lakes regions.
Siegecraft in Ancient Greece
Siegecraft originated in Ancient Greece. This type of siege originated from the moment in which the stage of the mere siege was surpassed by an exceptional development of military techniques, which were hardly taken any further during the Middle Ages, until the invention of firearms. The importance of siege techniques was due to the increase in the strategic role of the city to the detriment of the territory in the overall defense of the polis.

A. G. Drachmann
Aage Gerhardt Drachmann (22 October 1891 – 9 April 1980) was a Danish librarian and historian of science and technology, one of the 20th century's foremost experts on Ancient Greek and Roman mechanics.
Heartland Motorsports Park
Heartland Motorsports Park, formerly known as Heartland Park Topeka, is a multi-purpose motorsports facility 8-mile (13 km) south of downtown Topeka, Kansas near the Topeka Regional Airport. It operated from 1989 until its closure in 2023. It was announced that the track will reopen in 2026.

National Hot Rod Association
The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) is a governing body which sets rules in drag racing and hosts events all over the United States and Canada. With over 40,000 drivers in its rosters, the NHRA claims to be the largest motorsport sanctioning body in the world.

The association was founded by Wally Parks in 1951 in California to provide a governing body to organize and promote the sport of drag racing. NHRA's first Nationals was held in 1955, in Great Bend, Kansas. The NHRA Mission Foods Drag Racing Series, the national event series which comprises 24 races each year, is the premier series in drag racing that brings together the best drag racers from across North America and the world. The NHRA U.S. Nationals are now held at Lucas Oil Raceway in Brownsburg, Indiana and are officially called the U.S. Nationals. Winners of national events are awarded a trophy statue in honor of founder Wally Parks. The trophy is commonly referred to by its nickname, "The Wally".
1990 NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The 1990 NCAA men's volleyball tournament was the 21st annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate volleyball. The tournament was played at the Patriot Center in Fairfax, Virginia during May 1990.

USC defeated Long Beach State in the final match, 3–1 (15–10, 12–15, 15–4, 15–6), to win their fourth national title. The Trojans (26–7) were coached by Jim McLaughlin.

USC's Bryan Ivie was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. Ivie, along with five other players, comprised the All-Tournament Team.

NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The NCAA men's volleyball tournament, officially titled the NCAA national collegiate men's volleyball championship, is an annual competition that determines the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship in American college men's volleyball. It had been the only NCAA championship in the sport from 1970 until 2012, when the NCAA launched a Division III championship.

Unlike most NCAA sports, men's volleyball uses a modified version of the National Collegiate championship format, which means Division I and Division II teams compete against each other in the same tournament.

In the past, schools from the Pacific Coast region have dominated this sport, in particular UCLA with coach Al Scates leading the program to 19 NCAA titles (more than any other coach).
Cathedral of Saint Mary (Miami)
The Cathedral of Saint Mary (Spanish: Catedral de Santa María de Miami) (Haitian Creole: Katedral Sen Mari) is the seat of the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami. The cathedral is named for Mary, mother of Jesus, and is located at 7525 N.W. 2nd Avenue, Miami, Florida in the United States. Since June 2010, Archbishop Thomas Gerard Wenski has served as the archbishop of Miami, Reverend Steven O’Hala is the cathedral's rector.

The first St. Mary's Church was a small wooden structure that was dedicated in 1930. The parish in 1936 moved the church to a new property and expanded it. The second St. Mary's Church was dedicated in 1939. When the Diocese of Miami was erected in 1958, the Vatican designated the existing St. Mary's Church as the Cathedral of St. Mary. Pope John Paul II visited the cathedral in 1987 and it  underwent a major renovation in 2015 to replace the roof and make other improvements.

Edward A. McCarthy
Edward Anthony McCarthy (April 10, 1918 – June 7, 2005) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as the second archbishop of the Archdiocese of Miami in Florida from 1977 to 1994.  He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Phoenix in Arizona from 1969 to 1977 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati in Ohio from 1965 to 1969.

McCarthy was appointed coadjutor archbishop of Miami on September 17, 1976, and succeeded Coleman Francis Carroll as archbishop of Miami on July 26, 1977. McCarthy retired as archbishop on November 3, 1994.  He died on June 7, 2005, at the age of 87.
Salmacis (fountain)
37°01′48.7″N 27°25′15.5″E﻿ / ﻿37.030194°N 27.420972°E﻿ / 37.030194; 27.420972

Salmacis or Salmakis was the name of a fountain or spring located in modern-day Bodrum, Turkey.  According to some classical authors, the water had the reputation of making men effeminate, soft, and 'woman like'.  Ovid famously recounts the myth in his story about Hermaphroditus and the nymph of the spring Salmacis. Waters that transform men into women are a recurring motif in Near East folklore.

Bodrum Castle
Bodrum Castle (Turkish: Bodrum Kalesi) is a historical fortification located in southwest Turkey in the port city of Bodrum,  built from 1402 onwards, by the Knights of St John (Knights Hospitaller) as the Castle of St. Peter or Petronium. A transnational effort, it has four towers known as the English, French, German, and Italian towers, bearing the names of the nations responsible for their construction. The chapel was built around 1407 and the first walls completed in 1437. The castle started reconstruction in the late 15th century, only to be taken over by the Islamic Ottoman Empire in 1523. The chapel was converted to a mosque, and a minaret was added. The castle remained under the empire for almost 400 years. After remaining empty following World War I, in the early 1960s, the castle became the home for the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology. In 2016 it was inscribed in the UNESCO Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey.
T. J. Gottesdiener
T. J. Gottesdiener is an architect and managing partner of the New York office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM).  A graduate of Cooper Union’s Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, Gottesdiener joined SOM in 1980 and was made Partner in 1994.  He lives with his wife in New York City; they have one son.

Gottesdiener is a fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Deroplatyidae
The Deroplatyidae are a new (2019) family of praying mantises, based on the type genus Deroplatys.  As part of a major revision of mantis taxonomy, the subfamily Deroplatyinae has been moved here from the previously structured family Mantidae.

The new placement is in superfamily Mantoidea (of group Cernomantodea) and infraorder Schizomantodea.  Genera in this family have been recorded from: Africa, India, Indochina and Malesia.

Mantidae
Mantidae is one of the largest families in the order of praying mantises, based on the type species Mantis religiosa; most genera are tropical or subtropical. Historically, this was the only family in the order, and many references still use the term "mantid" to refer to any mantis. Technically, however, "mantid" refers only to members of the family Mantidae, and not the numerous remaining families of mantises. Some of the most recent classifications have promoted a number of the mantid subfamilies to the rank of family, e.g. Iridopterygidae, Sibyllidae, Tarachodidae, Thespidae, and Toxoderidae, while other classifications have reduced the number of subfamilies without elevating them to higher rank.
Ophryotrocha magnadentata
Ophryotrocha magnadentata is a species of polychaete worm, first found on deep sea whale fall and wood fall habitats in the north-east Pacific, off the southern Californian coast. This species and Ophryotrocha longicollaris are sister species; together with O. nauarchus and O. flabella, it falls in a clade including O. globopalpata and Exallopus jumarsi from the shallow North Atlantic.

Ophryotrocha flabella
Ophryotrocha flabella is a species of polychaete worm, first found on deep sea whale fall and wood fall habitats in the north-east Pacific, off the southern Californian coast. It is similar to Ophryotrocha globopalpata, possessing some morphological differences, although genetic divergence is low between them.
Xuejiawan, Jungar Banner
Xuejiawan (Chinese: 薛家湾; pinyin: Xuējiāwān) is a town and the Banner seat of Jungar Banner, Ordos City, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It has an area of 1345.097 square kilometers and a population of 165,000.

Jungar Banner
Jungar Banner (Mongolian: ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 准格尔旗) is a banner of western Inner Mongolia, China, lying on the western (right) bank of the Yellow River and bordering the provinces of Shanxi to the southeast and Shaanxi to the southwest. It is under the administration of Ordos City.
Fitting ideal
In commutative algebra, the Fitting ideals of a finitely generated module over a commutative ring describe the obstructions to generating the module by a given number of elements. They were introduced by Hans Fitting (1936).

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Alexander Scott Bullitt
Alexander Scott Bullitt (1761 – April 13, 1816) was an American pioneer, planter, slaveowner, and politician from Virginia who became an early settler in Kentucky and a politician during the early days of Kentucky statehood.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Camtasia
Camtasia ( /kæmˈteɪʒə/; formerly Camtasia Studio and Camtasia for Mac) is a software suite, created and published by TechSmith, for creating and recording video tutorials and presentations via screencast (screen recording), or via a direct recording plug-in to Microsoft PowerPoint. Other multimedia recordings (microphone, webcam and system audio) may be recorded at the same time or added separately (like background music and narration/voice tracks). Camtasia is available in English, French, German, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish and Chinese versions.  The Camtasia software suite includes the Camtasia Editor (a desktop recorder/video editor for mac and windows) which is further described in this article, Camtasia Audiate (an AI audio editor and AI generative content), Camtasia online (a free online screen recorder), and Camtasia Assets (a free/paid stock content library).

Screencast
A screencast is a digital recording of computer screen output, also known as a video screen capture or a screen recording, often containing audio narration. The term screencast compares with the related term screenshot; whereas screenshot generates a single picture of a computer screen, a screencast is essentially a movie of the changes over time that a user sees on a computer screen, that can be enhanced with audio narration and captions.
Bandar Sri Permaisuri
3°6′7″N 101°42′35″E﻿ / ﻿3.10194°N 101.70972°E﻿ / 3.10194; 101.70972

Sri Permaisuri is a township in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is located near Bandar Tun Razak and Salak South. It was opened for residential housing in 2000. The major types of housing there are apartments and condominiums.

Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
Cheras is a suburb and a district, straddling both the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Hulu Langat District in the state of Selangor, Malaysia.

The township is located to the south-east of downtown Kuala Lumpur. Cheras is also adjacent to Ampang to the north and Kajang to the south, both of which are major towns that administer some townships in Cheras such as Taman Segar Perdana, Taman Bukit Segar, Cheras Hartamas and Kampung Cheras Baru. These townships are either administered in whole or part by both MPKJ and MPAJ due to its close proximity.

The district mainly consist of Chinese residents, which also make up the majority of voters for the Cheras electorate.
Ahrweiler (electoral district)
50°24′52″N 7°07′44″E﻿ / ﻿50.414417°N 7.128816°E﻿ / 50.414417; 7.128816

Ahrweiler is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 197. It is located in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, comprising the Ahrweiler district and the western part of the Mayen-Koblenz district.

Ahrweiler was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2009, it has been represented by Mechthild Heil of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Mayen-Koblenz
Mayen-Koblenz is a district (Kreis) in the north of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Ahrweiler, Neuwied, Westerwaldkreis, district-free Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Rhein-Hunsrück, Cochem-Zell, and Vulkaneifel.
Embūte Castle
The ruins of Embūte Castle are located in Embūte (German: Amboten), Embūte Parish, South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia, not far from an ancient hillfort erected by Curonians. It was an ancient Curonian settlement and is mentioned in ancient chronicles as a place with strong Curonian resistance to German crusaders.
The bishop's castle was built as a border castle with Lithuania by Livonian Order on a steep hill on the right bank of the Lanka river, which flows into left tributary of the Venta. Later manor house was built using the walls of the former castle, which can be seen in the division of the rooms and the building material. Today, the ruins are surrounded by trees and are in poor condition.

South Kurzeme Municipality
South Kurzeme Municipality (Latvian: Dienvidkurzemes novads) is one of the 35 municipalities established in Latvia in 2021. It surrounds Liepāja, Latvia's third largest city. Its first elected municipal council took office on 1 July 2021. Its seat is at Grobiņa.
Mazhanadu
Mazhanadu is a region between Tondai Nadu and Karnataka, formerly known as Mazhavarnadu. This region was owned by the Chera Dynasty.  It includes the Districts of Salem, Namakkal, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri. In the ancient sangam age this region was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan. Famous Sangam poet Avvaiyar had cordial relations with the Mazhavar chieftains like Athiyamān Nedumān Añci of Thagadoor and Valvil Ori of Kollimalai. Mazhanadu was divided into two major divisions, namely Mel-Mazhanadu (Western Mazhanadu) and Keezh-Mazhanadu (Eastern-Mazhanadu). Keezh-Mazhanadu was once ruled by Kolli Mazhavan and his successors, and was well-known for its water resources. It was mentioned in a Tamil poem.

Tondaimandalam
Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam, also known as Toṇḍai Nāḍu, is a historical region located in the northernmost part of Tamil Nadu and southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh. Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam was divided into 24 kottams — smaller districts by kurumbar king and also build a royal fort (pulhal). The kottams are subdivided into smaller agricultural districts called nadus, which were groupings of several agricultural villages. At the beginning of the historical period, the kottams were mostly pastoral. The region comprises the districts which formed a part of the legendary kingdom of Athondai Chakravarti. The boundaries of Tondaimandalam are ambiguous – between the river basins of Penna River and Ponnaiyar River. During the reign of Rajaraja I, this region was called as Jayankonda Cholamandalam.
Vinny Golia
Vinny Golia (born March 1, 1946) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist specializing in woodwind instruments. He performs in the genres of contemporary music, jazz, free jazz, and free improvisation.

Cadence Jazz Records
Cadence Jazz is an American record company and label specializing in noncommercial modern jazz. It is associated with Cadence magazine.

Cadence Jazz was founded by Bob Rusch in Redwood, New York in 1980.
By 2000 the label had issued more than 100 albums. Its catalogue includes Marilyn Crispell, Beaver Harris, and Frank Lowe. This label is different from the Cadence that produced pop music in the 1950s and 1960s.