hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Hugh's Church, Sturton by Stow
St Hugh's Church is a redundant church in the village of Sturton by Stow in Lincolnshire, England. It is dedicated to Hugh of Avalon, also known as Hugh of Lincoln. It was built in 1879 for the residents of the village as a mission church of Stow Minster in Stow, and this remained the status of the church until its closure in 2022.  The church has since been sold and is in private ownership. The nearest church is now Stow Minster.

The church was built in red brick. The architect was John Loughborough Pearson. It has tiled roofs and a small bell turret. It is grade II listed.

The church was in use between 1879 and closed at some point in the late 2010s-early 2020s. The church was sold in 2022. Its interior remains largely unaltered aside from the removal of ecclesiastical fittings.

Stow Minster
The Minster Church of St Mary, Stow in Lindsey, is a major Anglo-Saxon church in Lincolnshire and is one of the largest and oldest parish church buildings in England. It has been claimed that the Minster originally served as the cathedral church of the diocese of Lindsey, founded in the 7th century and is sometimes referred to as the "Mother Church of Lincolnshire".

It is partly Saxon and partly Norman in date and is designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building and was also included in the World Monuments Fund's 2006 list of the world's 100 most endangered sites. It has the tallest Saxon arches of its time in Britain, the earliest known example of Viking graffiti in England (a rough scratching of an oared Viking sailing ship, probably dating from the 10th century), an Early English font standing on nine supports with pagan symbols around its base and an early wall painting dedicated to St Thomas Becket.

Today it is part of the Stow Group of Churches.
Cross-entropy method
The cross-entropy (CE) method is a Monte Carlo method for importance sampling and optimization. It is applicable to both combinatorial and continuous problems, with either a static or noisy objective.

The method approximates the optimal importance sampling estimator by repeating two phases:

Draw a sample from a probability distribution.

Minimize the cross-entropy between this distribution and a target distribution to produce a better sample in the next iteration.

Reuven Rubinstein developed the method in the context of rare-event simulation, where tiny probabilities must be estimated, for example in network reliability analysis, queueing models, or performance analysis of telecommunication systems. The method has also been applied to the traveling salesman, quadratic assignment, DNA sequence alignment, max-cut and buffer allocation problems.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Rectoprostatic fascia
The rectoprostatic fascia (Denonvilliers' fascia) is a membranous partition at the lowest part of the rectovesical pouch. It separates the prostate and urinary bladder from the rectum. It consists of a single fibromuscular structure with several layers that are fused together and covering the seminal vesicles. It is also called Denonvilliers' fascia after French anatomist and surgeon Charles-Pierre Denonvilliers.

The structure corresponds to the rectovaginal fascia in the female. The rectoprostatic fascia also inhibits the posterior spread of prostatic adenocarcinoma; therefore invasion of the rectum is less common than is invasion of other contiguous structures.

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Gillarong
Gillarong (also spelt Gilaroong) is a small Aboriginal community, located adjacent to the Bayulu Community approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south east of Fitzroy Crossing in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Derby-West Kimberley.

Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia
Fitzroy Crossing is a small town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Broome and 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of Halls Creek. It is approximately 2,524 kilometres (1,568 mi) from the state capital of Perth. It is 114 metres (374 ft) above sea level and is situated on a low rise surrounded by the vast floodplains of the Fitzroy River and its tributary Margaret River.

At the 2016 census, the population of the Fitzroy Crossing town-site was 1,297; with a further 2,000 or so people living in up to 50 Aboriginal communities scattered throughout the Fitzroy Valley. About 80% of the Fitzroy Valley population were Indigenous Australians with a split of closer to 60/40 (indigenous/non-indigenous) in the townsite. Tourism, cattle stations and mining are the main industries in the area.
Aroanios
The Aroanios (Greek: Αροάνιος; Ancient Greek: Ἀροάνιος; Latin: Aroanius) is a river in the southern part of Achaea, Greece and a tributary of Ladon river. The water comes from the carbonate mountain range Aroania (1500-2300m). After 12 km, it meets the Ladonas (near to Pangrataika Kalyvia) in the area of "Helongospilia” (Χελωνοσπηλιά).

Kleitoria
Kleitoria (Greek: Κλειτορία) is a village and a municipal unit in Achaea, Peloponnese, Greece. It was also the new name of the former municipality Lefkasio, of which it was the seat, between 2008 and 2011. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kalavryta, and became a municipal unit of this municipality. The municipal unit has an area of 253.221 km2. The site of the ancient city of Cleitor is nearby.
Ahmad Adaya
Ahmad Adaya (Urdu: احمد ادایا) (1927–2006) was an American real estate tycoon and philanthropist who was the founding partner of a California real estate company IDS Real Estate Group. He was known for establishing the New Horizon School for Muslim religious education in southern California.

Memon people
The Memon are a Muslim community in Gujarat, India, and Sindh, Pakistan, the majority of whom follow the Hanafi fiqh of Sunni Islam. They are divided into different groups based on their origins: Kathiawari Memons, Kutchi Memons and Bantva Memons from the Kathiawar, Kutch and Bantva regions of Gujarat, respectively, and Sindhi Memons from Sindh.

Memons have cultural similarities with the Khoja, Bohra, and other Gujarati peoples. They speak the Memoni language as their first language, which shares vocabulary with the Sindhi language, Kutchi language and Gujarati languages.

Today Memons are connected through globally recognized organisations such as the World Memon Organisation (WMO) and International Memon Organisation (IMO).
Geist
Geist (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaɪst] ⓘ) is a German noun with a significant degree of importance in German philosophy. Geist can be roughly translated into three English meanings: ghost (as in the supernatural entity), spirit (as in the Holy Spirit), and mind or intellect. Some English translators resort to using "spirit/mind" or "spirit (mind)" to help convey the meaning of the term.

Geist is also a central concept in Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's 1807 The Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes). Notable compounds, all associated with Hegel's view of world history of the late 18th century, include Weltgeist (German: [ˈvɛltˌɡaɪ̯st] ⓘ, "world-spirit"), Volksgeist ("national spirit") and Zeitgeist ("spirit of the age").

World spirit
The World Spirit (German: Weltgeist) is a concept in German philosophy. It posits that the whole of reality is the process of a rational and intelligible process: the World Spirit. It is most closely associated with the tradition of German Idealism, particularly the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and has been extensively reinterpreted by later thinkers.
2008 Suruga Bank Championship
The 2008 Suruga Bank Championship (Japanese: スルガ銀行チャンピオンシップ2008; Spanish: Copa Suruga Bank 2008) is the inaugural match between the winners of the previous season's J. League Cup and the Copa Sudamericana. It was contested by the 2007 J. League Cup winner Japanese club Gamba Osaka and the 2007 Copa Sudamericana champion Argentine club Arsenal.

The match was won by Arsenal after a late second-half header by Carlos Casteglione off a corner kick by Javier Yacuzzi.

J.League Cup / Copa Sudamericana Championship
The J.League Cup / Copa Sudamericana Championship was an annual intercontinental football match held in Japan, contested by the reigning champions of the J.League Cup and the Copa Sudamericana.

The tournament was previously officially called the Suruga Bank Championship between 2008 and 2018 due to Sponsorship reasons. Starting in 2019, it was the J. League YBC Levain Cup / CONMEBOL Sudamericana Championship Final, using the official names of the two qualifying tournaments.
Samuel Enderby & Sons
Samuel Enderby & Sons was a whaling and sealing company based in London, England, founded circa 1775 by Samuel Enderby (1717–1797). The company was significant in the history of whaling in the United Kingdom, not least for encouraging their captains to combine exploration with their business activities, and sponsored several of the earliest expeditions to the subantarctic, Southern Ocean and Antarctica itself.

Nantucket
Nantucket (/ˌnænˈtʌkɪt/) is an island in Massachusetts, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government.  Nantucket is the southeasternmost town in both Massachusetts and the New England region. The name "Nantucket" is adapted from similar Algonquian names for the island.

Nantucket is a tourist destination and summer colony. Due to tourists and seasonal residents, the population of the island increases to around 80,000 during the summer months. The average sale price for a single-family home was $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.

The National Park Service cites Nantucket, designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, as being the "finest surviving architectural and environmental example of a late 18th- and early 19th-century New England seaport town."
Moinian
The Moinian or just the Moine, formerly the Moine Supergroup, is a sequence of Neoproterozoic metasediments that outcrop in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland between the Moine Thrust Belt to the northwest and the Great Glen Fault to the southeast and one part of the Grampian Highlands to the southeast of the fault. It takes its name from A' Mhòine, a peat bog in northern Sutherland.

Sgùrr Beag Thrust
The Sgùrr Beag Thrust is an important tectonic structure within the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rock sequences of the Scottish Highlands. The thrust, or similar structures correlated with it, form the boundary between rocks of the Glennfinnan Group and the underlying Morar Group. It divides the Wester Ross Supergroup from the Loch Ness Supergroup. The history of this structure remains poorly understood although it is thought to be at least partly of Caledonian age.
Louisiana's 53rd House of Representatives district
Louisiana's 53rd House of Representatives district is one of 105 Louisiana House of Representatives districts. It is currently represented by Republican Jessica Domangue of Houma. It was formerly represented by the two-term Speaker pro tempore of the Louisiana House, Tanner Magee.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
Mortlach distillery
Mortlach distillery is a Speyside single malt Scotch whisky distillery in Dufftown, Moray, Scotland. Founded in 1823, the distillery is owned by Diageo. The whisky is a key component in several Johnnie Walker bottlings, and Diageo also markets four Mortlach single malts.

Speyside single malt
Speyside single malts are single malt Scotch whiskies, distilled in Strathspey, the area around the River Spey in Moray and Badenoch and Strathspey, in northeastern Scotland.

The two best-selling single malt whiskies in the world, The Glenlivet and Glenfiddich, come from Speyside. Strathspey has the greatest number of distilleries of any of the whisky-producing areas of Scotland. Dufftown alone has six working distilleries with an annual capacity of 40.4 million litres of spirit.
Sunpura
Sunpura is a census Town and Sub-division in Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Sunpura is bordering with the state Assam. Sunpura sub-division has a total of 17 villages. As per the 2011 Census of India, it has a total population of 5,529 people including 2,847 males and 2,682 females.

The Government of India listed Sunpura as "disturbed areas" with the imposition of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA).

Lohit district
Lohit district (/ˈləʊhɪt/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. The district headquarters is located at Tezu. As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh, after Papum Pare and Changlang.
Deinandra streetsii
Deinandra streetsii is a rare North American species of plant in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae.

Deinandra streetsii has is native to the state of Baja California in northwestern Mexico. The species has been found only on San Benito Island, 25 km (16 miles) west of Cedros Island, both parts of the state of Baja California.

Deinandra streetsii is closely related to D. corymbosa, with narrow linear leaves. It produces many yellow flower heads, each with both disc florets and ray florets.

Deinandra corymbosa
Deinandra corymbosa is a rare North American species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. A common name is coastal tarweed.

Deinandra corymbosa is native to California, found in the Coast Ranges from Humboldt County to Santa Barbara County. Isolated populations have been reported further inland in Shasta and Kern Counties, the latter in an urban area within the City of Mariposa.

Deinandra corymbosa is an annual herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. It produces many yellow flower heads, each with both disc florets and ray florets.
Bernstorffsgade
Bernstorffsgade is a street located next to Central Station and Tivoli Gardens in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Vesterbrogade in the northwest to Kalvebod Brygge on the harborfront in the southeast, and marks the boundary between the districts Indre By (City Centre) and Vesterbro.

Vesterbrogade
Vesterbrogade (Danish pronunciation: [vestɐˈpʁoˌkɛːðə]) is the main shopping street of the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The 1.5 km long street runs from the City Hall Square in the east to Pile Allé in Frederiksberg in the west where it turns into Roskildevej. On its way, it passes Copenhagen Central Station as well as the small triangular square Vesterbros Torv. It is one of four such -bro streets, the other being Nørrebrogade, Østerbrogade and Amagerbrogade.
Xanthorrhoea pumilio
Xanthorrhoea pumilio is a species of grasstree in the family Asphodelaceae native to Queensland, Australia.

The perennial grass tree typically grows to a height of about 2 to 3 metres (7 to 10 ft) with the trunk reaching 0.6 metres (2 ft), scape of 0.5 to 2.1 metres (1.6 to 6.9 ft) and the flower spike to 0.4 metres (1 ft). It blooms between April and May. It can be hard to distinguish from small plants of Xanthorrhoea johnsonii and Xanthorrhoea latifolia.

The species is found along the east coast of Queensland from Cooktown south to Gladstone and as afar west as the Great Dividing Range.

Xanthorrhoea latifolia
Xanthorrhoea latifolia  is a species of grasstree of the genus Xanthorrhoea native to New South Wales and Queensland.

Usually found growing in sandy or gravelly soil in the coastal regions of eastern Australia north from Wyong, New South Wales up to Cairns Queensland. The trunk of this grass tree is either absent or can grow over 3.5 metres high.
National Gold Bank Note
National Gold Bank Notes were National Bank Notes issued by nine national gold banks in California in the 1870s and 1880s and redeemable in gold. Printed on a yellow-tinted paper, six denominations circulated: $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, and $500. A $1,000 note was designed and printed but never issued. During the issuing period of national gold banks (1871–83), the U.S. Treasury issued 200,558 notes totaling $3,465,240. Today, National Gold Bank Notes are rare in the higher denominations (and unknown on some issuing banks) with condition generally falling in the good-to-fine range. Approximately 630 National Gold Bank Notes are known to exist, and roughly 20 grade above "very fine".

National Bank Note
National Bank Notes were United States currency banknotes issued by national banks chartered by the United States Government. The notes were usually backed by United States bonds the bank deposited with the United States Treasury. In addition, banks were required to maintain a redemption fund amounting to five percent of any outstanding note balance, in gold or "lawful money." The notes were not legal tender in general, but were satisfactory for nearly all payments to and by the federal government.

National Bank Notes were retired as a currency type by the U.S. government in the 1930s, when U.S. currency was consolidated into Federal Reserve Notes, United States Notes, and silver certificates.
Thihathu of Ava
Thihathu of Ava (Burmese: သီဟသူ, pronounced [θìha̰ðù]; also known as Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin Thihathu; 1394–1425) was king of Ava from 1421 to 1425. Though he opportunistically renewed the Forty Years' War with Hanthawaddy Pegu in 1422, Thihathu agreed to a peace treaty with Prince Binnya Ran in 1423. His subsequent marriage to Ran's sister Princess Shin Saw Pu helped keep the peace between the two kingdoms when Ran became king of Pegu in 1424.

Thihathu was assassinated in 1425 in a coup engineered by Queen Shin Bo-Me. He is remembered as the Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin (Burmese: အောင်ပင်လယ် ဆင်ဖြူရှင် [ʔàʊɴ bɪ̀ɴlɛ̀ sʰɪ̀ɴbjùʃɪ̀ɴ]; lit. 'Lord of the White Elephant of Aung Pinle') nat in the pantheon of Burmese nat spirits.

Saopha
Saopha (lit. 'lord of the heavens'), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India.
Xinjiang Mandarin
Xinjiang Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 新疆官话; traditional Chinese: 新疆官話; pinyin: Xinjiang Guānhuà) is an umbrella term to geographically group three different varieties of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Xinjiang. Lanyin Mandarin is spoken in northern Xinjiang. Central Plains Mandarin (中原官话) is spoken in southern Xinjiang,. Beijing Mandarin is spoken in the most northern frontier Xinjiang by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps settled there since the 1950s.

Due to language contact between the Uyghurs and Han Chinese, Xinjiang Mandarin received some elements from the Uyghur language.

Central Plains Mandarin
Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.

The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.

Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").
Blakehurst
Blakehurst is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 18 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Georges River Council. It is part of the St George area.

Blakehurst is connected to Sylvania, in the Sutherland Shire, to the south, by Tom Uglys Bridge over the Georges River. Tom Uglys Point is the southernmost part. The eastern border runs along Kogarah Bay and the western border runs along Kyle Bay.

Miranda, New South Wales
Miranda (/mɪˈrændə/) is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is known as a commercial centre for the southern suburbs. Miranda is 24 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the Sutherland Shire.
Three-wheeler
A three-wheeler, tricar, or trike is a vehicle with three wheels. Some are motorized tricycles, which may be legally classed as motorcycles, while others are tricycles without a motor, some of which are human-powered vehicles and animal-powered vehicles.

Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Bigger Life
Bigger Life is the ninth studio album and eleventh album overall by American ska-swing band the Cherry Poppin' Daddies, independently released on Space Age Bachelor Pad Records on June 14, 2019.

Following three successive swing and jazz albums released throughout the 2010s, Bigger Life heralded a return to the punk rock influences which defined the Daddies' earliest albums, featuring a dominant musical focus on ska, ska punk and psychobilly as well as lyrical content both critically and satirically addressing contemporary American politics.

Ferociously Stoned
Ferociously Stoned is the debut album by American band the Cherry Poppin' Daddies, released in November 1990 on Sub Par Records. It was subsequently re-released on the Daddies' own independent label Space Age Bachelor Pad Records in 1994.