hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Open Bogotá
The 2022 Open Bogotá was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bogotá, Colombia between 4 and 10 July 2022.

Open Bogotá
Kia Open Bogotá (previously DirecTV Open Bogotá, Open Seguros Bolívar, Seguros Bolívar Open Bogotá) is a tournament for professional tennis players played on outdoor clay courts held in Bogotá, Colombia since 2005. From 2005–2013 and from 2014–2017, it was an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour men's event. The tournament was not held in 2018–2020 but returned to the Challenger Tour in 2021. The event was also held as an ITF Women's Circuit tournament from 2007 to 2011 and had a $25,000 prize money fund. A one-off $100,000+H women's tournament was also held in 2014. The men's tournament had an $82,000 prize money fund in 2024. Since 2025 it is known as the Kia Open.
Perlethorpe cum Budby
Perlethorpe cum Budby  is a civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district, within the county of Nottinghamshire, England. The overall area had a population of 172 at the 2021 census. The parish lies in the north west of the county and district. It is 125 mi (201 km) north of London, 8 mi (13 km) north east of Mansfield and 20 mi (32 km) north of the city of Nottingham. The parish and wider area is at the heart of Sherwood Forest, which is associated with the Robin Hood legend. Thoresby Hall, which is a notable ducal country house and estate is also within the boundaries of the parish.

Sherwood Forest
Sherwood Forest consists of the remnants of an ancient Royal Forest in Nottinghamshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is associated with the legend of Robin Hood. The forest was proclaimed by William the Conqueror and mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086. The reserve has the highest concentration of ancient trees in Europe.

Today, Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve encompasses 424.75 hectares (1,049.6 acres), surrounding the village of Edwinstowe and the site of Thoresby Hall. The reserve contains more than a thousand ancient oaks which are known to be more than 500 years old, with the Major Oak being twice that age.
Macedonia for the Macedonians
Macedonia for the Macedonians (Bulgarian: Македония за македонците, romanized: Makedoniya za makedontsite; Greek: Μακεδονία για τους Μακεδόνες, romanized: Makedonía gia tous Makedónes; Macedonian: Македонија на Македонците, romanized: Makedonija na Makedoncite; Serbian: Македонија за Македонце / Makedonija za Makedonce) is a slogan and political or national concept used during the first half of the 20th century in the region of Macedonia. As political, it aimed to encompass all the nationalities in the area, into a separate supranational entity.

Bulgarian irredentism
Bulgarian irredentism is a term to identify the territory associated with a historical national state and a modern Bulgarian irredentist nationalist movement in the 19th and 20th centuries, which would include most of Macedonia, Thrace and Moesia.
Defense Acquisition Program Administration
The Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA, Korean: 방위사업청) is a central administrative agency of the South Korean Ministry of National Defense. It was founded on 1 January 2006 as part of a comprehensive reform of defense acquisition, including the introduction and development of military equipment. The DAPA has exclusive authority to plan and budget defense development and procurement programs for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and to enact Korean Defense Specifications (KDS). Sub-agencies of DAPA include the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) responsible for defense development and Defense Agency for Technology and Quality (DTaQ) responsible for defense improvement programs and defense quality certification tests.

Daewoo Precision Industries K3
The Daewoo Precision Industries K3 is a South Korean light machine-gun. It is the third indigenous firearm developed in South Korea by the Agency for Defense Development, following the K1 and K2 assault rifles. It is manufactured by Daewoo Precision Industries, current SNT Motiv. The K3 is capable of firing both 5.56×45mm NATO and .223 Remington rounds like the K2 assault rifle. The K3 light machine gun entered service in 1989, replacing the M60 machine gun in frontline use.

This machine gun will be replaced by SNT Motiv K15 from its service since 2022.
Fairbanks, Morse and Company Building
The Fairbanks, Morse and Company Building is a historic commercial building located at 900 S. Wabash Ave. in the South Loop, Chicago, Illinois. The building served as the national headquarters of Fairbanks, Morse and Company from 1907 to 1937. The company sold a variety of agricultural equipment; while it was originally known for its scales, by 1907 it was best known for producing internal combustion engines. At its peak, the company was one of the largest engine makers in the world, and it was particularly dominant in the diesel engine market. The headquarters building is a seven-story Chicago school building designed by Christian Eckstorm. While the company moved to a larger headquarters at 606 S. Michigan Ave. in 1937, the Wabash Avenue building is the best-preserved remnant of its historic significance and still bears the company's name above the second floor.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1988.

Fairbanks-Morse
Fairbanks, Morse and Company was an American manufacturing company that existed from 1823 until 1958.  Founded in 1823 as a manufacturer of weighing scales, it later diversified into pumps, engines, windmills, coffee grinders, radios, farm tractors, feed mills, locomotives, and industrial supplies. It was purchased by the Penn-Texas conglomerate in 1958.

There are three separate corporate entities that could be considered successors to the company, none of which is a complete and direct descendant of the original company. All claim the heritage of Fairbanks Morse and Company:

Fairbanks Scales is a privately owned company in Kansas City, Missouri, that manufactures scales

Fairbanks Morse Defense, a subsidiary company of Arcline Investment Management, is a company based in Beloit, Wisconsin, that manufactures and services engines

Fairbanks Nijhuis is a part of Pentair Water in Kansas City, Kansas, and manufactures pumps
Hjerpe Grocery
Hjerpe Grocery is a historic grocery store building at 110 & 112 N Main in Lindsborg, Kansas.  The building in an early commercial building which features Late 19th and Early 20th Century American styles. It was built around 1930 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

It was deemed notable "as an intact example of Commercial Style Architecture" and "for its association with the early commerce of Lindsborg, Kansas, a Swedish-American community founded in 1869."

It is a two-story red brick building which is 26 by 50 feet (7.9 m × 15.2 m) in plan.

Lindsborg, Kansas
Lindsborg is a city in McPherson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,776. Lindsborg is known for its large Swedish, other Nordic and Scandinavian heritages. It is home to the biennial Svensk Hyllningsfest.
Open-access mandate
An open-access mandate is a policy adopted by a research institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their published, peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers open access (1) by self-archiving their final, peer-reviewed drafts in a freely accessible institutional repository or disciplinary repository ("Green OA") or (2) by publishing them in an open-access journal ("Gold OA") or both.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
1998 Eastern League season
The 1998 Eastern League season began on approximately April 1 and the regular season ended on approximately September 1.

The Harrisburg Senators defeated the New Britain Rock Cats 3 games to 1 to win the Eastern League Championship Series.

New Britain Rock Cats
The New Britain Rock Cats were a minor league baseball team that competed in the Eastern League. They were the Double-A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox for 12 years, the Minnesota Twins for 20 years, and the Colorado Rockies for one. They played their home games at New Britain Stadium in New Britain, Connecticut. The team moved to Dunkin' Donuts Park in nearby Hartford before the 2016 season, becoming the Hartford Yard Goats.
Mino (miniseries)
Mino was the eighth ZDF-Weihnachtsserie (English: Christmas Series), and aired in 1986. The series was broadcast in Germany on ZDF, and consisted of 6 episodes. Broadcasting in Germany began on 25 December 1986. The series was also broadcast in Italy, and consisted of 4 episodes. Broadcasting in Italy began on 28 December 1986. The series was an Italian-German co-production. It was inspired by the Italian novel The little Alpino by Salvator Gotta.

Cappello alpino
The Cappello Alpino (Alpine Hat) is the most distinctive feature of the Italian Army's Alpini troops' uniform. The Alpini are light Infantry troops, specializing in mountain combat. Initially, the Cappello was only issued to the Alpini, but soon the Cappello was adopted by the Alpini Corps' support units like artillery, signals, and engineers. Today the Cappello is issued to members of 15 Army regiments, 3 battalions and various high commands. Thanks to the black raven feather, which is carried on each Alpini soldier's Cappello, the Alpinis are known as Le Penne Nere ("The Black Feathers") in Italy. A nickname the Alpini quickly adopted for themselves.
FedEx Express Flight 647
FedEx Express Flight 647 was a scheduled domestic cargo flight between Metropolitan Oakland International Airport, Oakland, California and Memphis International Airport, Memphis, Tennessee in the United States, that crashed during landing on December 18, 2003.  Everybody on board survived the accident, and the aircraft was written off.

Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport
Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport (IATA: OAK, ICAO: KOAK, FAA LID: OAK) is an international airport in Oakland, California, United States. The airport is located seven miles (11 km) south of downtown Oakland and twelve miles (19 km) east of San Francisco, serving the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. The airport is owned by the Port of Oakland and has domestic passenger flights to cities throughout the United States and international flights to Mexico and El Salvador, in addition to cargo flights to China and Japan. The airport covers 2,600 acres (1,100 ha) of land. The airport is an operating base for Southwest Airlines, which operates point-to-point routes with bases instead of a conventional hub-and-spoke system.
Catherine Bach
Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series The Dukes of Hazzard and Margo Dutton in African Skies. In 2012, she joined the cast of the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless as Anita Lawson.

John Schneider (screen actor)
John Richard Schneider (born April 8, 1960) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his portrayal of Bo Duke in the television action comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard (1979–1985), as Clark Kent's father: Jonathan Kent, in the television series Smallville (2001–2011), and Jim Cryer in the television series The Haves and the Have Nots (2013–2021).

Alongside his acting career, Schneider has been a country singer since the early 1980s, releasing nine studio albums, a greatest hits package, and eighteen singles. This total includes "I've Been Around Enough to Know", "Country Girls", "What's a Memory Like You", and "You're the Last Thing I Needed Tonight", all of which reached the top of the Billboard country singles charts.
Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago is the central bank of Trinidad and Tobago.

The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago is located in the Eric Williams Financial Complex. The complex consists of the central bank auditorium and two sky-scrapers, locally known as the Twin Towers. The first tower houses the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago and the second tower houses the Ministry of Finance. It was only the second Central Bank to be established in the English-speaking Caribbean, the first being the Bank of Jamaica which was established in 1960.

First Citizens BancShares
First Citizens Bancshares, Inc. is a bank holding company based in Raleigh, North Carolina and one of the largest banks in the United States. Its primary subsidiary is First Citizens Bank, which operates over 500 branches in 23 states. A second subsidiary is Silicon Valley Bank, which operates 39 offices in 15 states.

For three generations, the bank has been led by the family of Robert Powell Holding, who joined the bank in 1918 and served as president from 1935 to 1957.
Local ethnic nationalism
Local ethnic nationalism, simply local nationalism or local ethnic chauvinism is a term first used by Mao Zedong regarding perceived nationalist sentiment of certain groups in mainland China and Taiwan.

In mainland China, the term "local ethnic nationalism" is often used alongside "Han chauvinism" (大汉族主义). According to the Chinese Communist Party's official line, both are seen as "deviations" from Marxist ethnic theory that could hurt national unity. While the government says it opposes both, in reality, the "local nationalism" label is frequently used to crackdown on minority groups in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia.

Taiwanese nationalism
Taiwanese nationalism (Chinese: 臺灣民族主義，台湾民族主义; pinyin: Táiwān Mínzú Zhǔyì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī) is a nationalist political movement that promotes the cultural identity and unity of Taiwanese people as a nation. In recent decades, it consists of cultural or political movements that seek to resolve the current political and social division on the issues of Taiwan's national identity, political status, and political dispute with China. It is closely linked to the Taiwan independence movement but distinguished from it in that the independence movement seeks to eventually establish an independent "Republic of Taiwan" in place of or out of the existing Republic of China and obtain United Nations and international recognition as a sovereign state, while nationalists seek only to establish or reinforce an independent Taiwanese identity that distinguishes Taiwanese people apart from the Chinese nation, without necessarily advocating changing the official name of the country.
Ludovico Ottavio Burnacini
Lodovico Ottavio Burnacini (1636 – 12 December 1707) was an Italian architect, and theatrical stage and costume designer, who served the imperial court in Vienna beginning in 1652. He is considered one of the most important "theater engineers" in Baroque Europe and is a master of drawing. His work as a stage designer for the lavish entertainments at the court of the Emperors Leopold I and Joseph I is preserved in numerous engravings and in many drawings in the collections of the Theatermuseum in Vienna.

Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1625, King of Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 to his death.

Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from the old ideas of divine right held by his father, as he wished to end the war quickly. After military defeats and against a background of declining power, Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects to open the long road towards the much-delayed Peace of Westphalia. Although his authority as emperor was weakened after the war, his position in Bohemia, Hungary and Austria was stronger than that of his predecessors before 1618.

Ferdinand was the first Habsburg monarch to be recognised as a musical composer.
Bayan Yessentayeva
Bayan Maksatkyzy Alaguzova (née Mukhitdenova; (Kazakh: Баян Мақсатқызы Алагузова (Мұхитденова), Baian Maqsatqyzy Alaguzova (Mūhitdenova); born 9 January 1974,) is a Kazakhstani producer, television presenter, actress, and singer. She first rose to fame in 1993 with her leading role in the melodrama "Station of Love" (ru. Станция любви), after which she worked for a long time as a journalist and presenter on television. Since 2006, she has been producing Kazakh musical group KeshYOU and individual performers Zhanar Dugalova and Yerke Esmahan. Since 2010, she has appeared in several films and television series.

Zhanar Dugalova
Zhanar Dugalova (Kazakh: Жанар Дұғалова, Janar Dūğalova; born 17 January 1987) is a Kazakh singer who won the Turkvision Song Contest 2014 representing Kazakhstan with the song "Izin kórem". She is also a former member of Kazakhstani pop group KeshYou. Since August 2014 she has continued her career independently.
Vicente Rama
Vicente Rama (June 6, 1887 – December 24, 1956) was a Filipino Visayan legislator, publisher, and writer from Cebu, Philippines. Recognized as the Father of Cebu City,  he authored the bill for its cityhood which was approved into law by October 20, 1936. He also founded the leading pre-war Cebuano periodical, Bag-ong Kusog.

Visayans
Visayans (Cebuano: mga Bisayâ [bisaˈjaʔ]) are a Philippine ethnolinguistic family group or metaethnicity native to the Visayas, to the southernmost islands south of Luzon, and to a significant portion of Mindanao. They are composed of numerous distinct ethnic groups. When taken as a single group, they number around 45.5 million. The Visayans, like the Luzon Lowlanders (Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Ilocanos, etc.) were originally predominantly animist-polytheists and broadly share a maritime culture until the 16th 
century when the Spanish Empire enforced Catholicism as the state religion. In more inland or otherwise secluded areas, ancient animistic-polytheistic beliefs and traditions either were reinterpreted within a Roman Catholic framework or syncretized with the new religion. Visayans are generally speakers of one or more of the distinct Bisayan languages, the most widely spoken being Cebuano, followed by Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and Waray-Waray.
Ivakale
Ivakale is a village located in Kakamega County, Kenya

The village is located a few kilometres east of the A1 road between Kakamega and Malava. Ivakale is located adjacent to the northern border of Kakamega Forest. A small forest patch known as Kisere Forest is located north of Ivakale.

Administratively, Ivakale is a sub-location It is part of the Kambiri ward of Shinyalu Constituency and Kakamega County Council.

There is a primary school.

Kakamega Forest
Kakamega Forest is a tropical rainforest situated in the Kakamega, Vihiga, and Nandi 
counties of Kenya, northwest of the capital Nairobi, and near the border with Uganda. It is Kenya's only tropical rainforest and is said to be Kenya's last remnant of the ancient Guineo-Congolian rainforest that once spanned the continent.
Garnierite
Garnierite is a general name for a green nickel ore which is found in pockets and veins within weathered and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. It forms through lateritic weathering of ultramafic rocks and occurs in many nickel laterite deposits worldwide. It is an important nickel ore, having a large weight percent NiO. As garnierite is not a valid mineral name according to the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC), no definite composition or formula has been universally adopted. Some of the proposed compositions are all hydrous Ni-Mg silicates, a general name for the Ni-Mg hydrosilicates which usually occur as an intimate mixture and commonly includes two or more of the following minerals: serpentine, talc, sepiolite, smectite, or chlorite, and Ni-Mg silicates, with or without alumina, that have X-ray diffraction patterns typical of serpentine, talc, sepiolite, chlorite, vermiculite or some mixture of them all.

Chrysotile
Chrysotile (/ˈkrɪsəˌtʌɪl/, /ˈkrɪsəˌtaɪl/, or /ˈkrɪsətɪl/) or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United States and a similar proportion in other countries. It is a soft, fibrous silicate mineral in the serpentine subgroup of phyllosilicates; as such, it is distinct from other asbestiform minerals in the amphibole group. Its idealized chemical formula is Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4. The material has physical properties which make it desirable for inclusion in building materials, but poses serious health risks when dispersed into air and inhaled.
Jessica Bennett (journalist)
Jessica Bennett is an American journalist and author who writes on gender issues, politics and culture. She was the first gender editor of The New York Times and a former staff writer at Newsweek and columnist at Time. She is the author of Feminist Fight Club: A Survival Manual for a Sexist Workplace (HarperCollins, 2016) and This Is 18: Girls Lives Through Girls' Eyes (Abrams, 2019). She is an adjunct professor at the Arthur L. Carter Graduate School of Journalism at New York University.

E. Jean Carroll
Elizabeth Jean Carroll (born December 12, 1943) is an American journalist, author, and advice columnist. Her "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle magazine from 1993 through 2019, becoming one of the longest-running advice columns in American publishing.

In her 2019 book, What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal, Carroll accused Donald Trump of sexually assaulting her in the mid-1990s.   Her book Not My Type, subtitled One Woman Against a President,  debuted at #2 on the New York Times best-seller list on June 28, 2025.
RPC Group
RPC Group plc (LSE: RPC) is based in the United Kingdom, and is one of Europe's largest supplier of plastic packaging. Its headquarters are in Rushden in Northamptonshire. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired in 2019 by Berry Global Group Inc, which in turn was acquired by Amcor in 2025.

Rushden
Rushden is a town and civil parish in the North Northamptonshire district, in the county of Northamptonshire, England, around 18 miles (29 km) east of Northampton. The parish is on the border with Bedfordshire, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bedford.

The parish of Rushden covers an area of some 9,001 acres (36.43 km2). The population of Rushden is 32,038, making it the fifth largest town in the county.  The larger urban area, which includes the adjoining town of Higham Ferrers, has a population of 40,865.