hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fast-growing hierarchy
In computability theory, computational complexity theory and proof theory, a fast-growing hierarchy (also called an extended Grzegorczyk hierarchy, or a Schwichtenberg–Wainer hierarchy) is an ordinal-indexed family of rapidly increasing functions fα: N → N (where N is the set of natural numbers {0, 1, ...}, and α ranges up to some large countable ordinal). A primary example is the Wainer hierarchy, or Löb–Wainer hierarchy, which is an extension to all α < ε0.  Such hierarchies provide a natural way to classify computable functions according to rate-of-growth and computational complexity.

Feferman–Schütte ordinal
In mathematics, the Feferman–Schütte ordinal (Γ0) is a large countable ordinal.
It is the proof-theoretic ordinal of several mathematical theories, such as arithmetical transfinite recursion.
It is named after Solomon Feferman and Kurt Schütte, the former of whom suggested the name Γ0.

There is no standard notation for ordinals beyond the Feferman–Schütte ordinal. There are several ways of representing the Feferman–Schütte ordinal, some of which use ordinal collapsing functions: , , , or .
Villa del Dique
Villa del Dique is located 110 kilometres (68 mi) in the southeast direction from Córdoba, Argentina, on the Ruta Provincial RP 51 at an altitude of 552 metres (1,811 ft). Its population was 2109 in 1997. In 2001 it had 2,829 inhabitants. The area has been used as a special stage in the 2014 Rally Argentina.

2014 Rally Argentina
The 2014 Rally Argentina was the fifth round of the 2014 World Rally Championship season. The event was based in Villa Carlos Paz, Argentina, and started on 8 May and finished on 11 May after fourteen special stages, totaling 405.1 competitive kilometres.

Finnish driver Jari-Matti Latvala won the Rally Argentina for the first time, taking his second of three victories during the 2014 season.
Zarooun
Zarooun  (Arabic: زرعون), also spelled Zaraoun or Zaraaoun, is a small village located in the Northern Matn District (قضاء المتن الشمالي) of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon.  Zaraaoun is notable for being a majority Druze community situated within the largely Christian North Matn District. According to official voter registration records issued by the Lebanese Ministry of Interior in 2014, Zaraaoun has a modest population and limited urban development, reflecting its rural and mountainous identity.

Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (Arabic: جبل لبنان, romanized: Jabal Lubnān; Syriac: ܛܘܪ ܠܒܢܢ, romanized: Tur Lebnon) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It is about 170 km (110 mi) long and averages above 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in elevation, with its peak at 3,088 m (10,131 ft). The range provides a typical alpine climate year-round.

Mount Lebanon is well-known for its snow-covered mountains, home to surviving Lebanese cedar forests and diverse high-altitude flora and fauna. The name Lebanon itself originates from the white, snow-covered tops of this mountain range.
Cosmo On-Line
Cosmo On-Line is a generic and news Internet portal operated by media holding company Rede Anhanguera de Comunicação (RAC), located in Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is the largest portal of the region and one of the first to be founded (1996) juat after commercial access to the Internet became available in the country. The portal hosts the websites for the flagship publications of RAC, such as newspapers Correio Popular, Diário do Povo, Notícia Já and Metrópole Magazine.

Cosmo was also an Internet service provider of significance in Campinas, for a while. The operation was sold by RAC to an international company, which later went into bankruptcy.

Notícia Já
Notícia Já is a popular daily newspaper in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. It was founded in 2007, and has a tabloid format.

Currently it has an audited circulation of 60,000. Its title means News Now in Portuguese language.

Notícia Já is owned and managed by a larger communications holding company, Rede Anhangüera de Comunicação (RAC), which owns the two other newspapers in Campinas, and others in the cities of Piracicaba and Ribeirão Preto, such as Correio Popular, Diário do Povo and Gazeta do Cambuí.

Notícia Já, as the other RAC's newspapers are available on-line though a Web portal called Cosmo.
DYTR-AM
DYTR (1116 AM) is a radio station owned and operated by Tagbilaran Broadcasting System. The station's studio is located at CAP Bldg., J. Borja St. cor. Carlos P. Garcia Ave., Tagbilaran, and its transmitter facilities are located at Brgy. Dao, Tagbilaran. DYTR is affiliated with Radio Mindanao Network since 2017.

Tagbilaran
Tagbilaran, officially the City of Tagbilaran (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tagbilaran; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tagbilaran), is a  component city and capital of the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 106,120 people making it the most populous in the province.

Tagbilaran is the principal gateway to Bohol, 630 km (390 mi) southeast of the national capital of Manila and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital, Cebu City.
File-system permissions
Typically, a file system maintains permission settings for each stored item – commonly files and directories – that either grant or deny the ability to manipulate file system items. Often the settings allow controlling access based on function such as read, change, navigate, and execute and to different users and groups of users.

One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control list (ACL) with multiple variants implemented in file systems and one codified by POSIX. Since POSIX defines both the older Unix-based technology as well as ACLs, the former is called traditional POSIX permissions for clarity even though it is not a well-known term.

A permission-driven user interface tailors the functionality available to the user based on file system item permissions. For example, the interface might hide menu options that are not allowed based on the permissions stored for an item.

Chattr
chattr is the command in Linux that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file. lsattr is the command that displays the attributes of a file.

Most BSD-like systems, including macOS, have always had an analogous chflags command to set the attributes, but no command specifically meant to display them; specific options to the ls command are used instead. The chflags command first appeared in 4.4BSD.

Solaris has no commands specifically meant to manipulate them. chmod and ls are used instead.

Other Unix-like operating systems, in general, have no analogous commands. The similar-sounding commands chatr (from HP-UX) and lsattr (from AIX) exist but have unrelated functions.

Among other things, the chattr command is useful to make files immutable so that password files and certain system files cannot be erased during software upgrades.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as environmental mycobacteria, atypical mycobacteria and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), are mycobacteria which do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy/Hansen's disease. They occur in many animals, including humans, and are commonly found in soil and water. NTM can cause pulmonary diseases that resemble tuberculosis. Mycobacteriosis is any of these illnesses, usually meant to exclude tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species of  Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus's mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer containing high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrition. The genus is divided based on each species's pigment production and growth rate. While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus's characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.
2010 Ohio State Auditor election
The 2010 Ohio State Auditor election was held on November 2, 2010, to elect the Ohio State Auditor, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on May 4, 2010.

Incumbent Republican state auditor Mary Taylor originally announced she would seek re-election, but instead was the successful Republican nominee for lieutenant governor after being picked by John Kasich as his running mate in January 2010. Delaware County prosecutor Dave Yost won the Republican primary against state representative Seth Morgan, and Hamilton County commissioner David Pepper won the Democratic primary unopposed. Yost would go on to win the general election.

2010 Ohio elections
The 2010 Ohio general elections were held on November 2, 2010. Primary elections took place on May 4, 2010.  In the 2010 general election in Ohio, Republican candidates won all statewide executive offices, the U.S. Senate seat up for election, majorities in both state legislative chambers, and 13 out of 18 U.S. House seats.
Motorsport in New Zealand
Motorsport in New Zealand can be traced back to a least 1901 when the Pioneer Cycle Club held a three-mile handicap race which included both motor bikes and cars. Since then it has developed and now almost all types of motor sport events are represented.

Wellington 500
The Wellington 500 was a 500 km (310 mi) street race for touring cars which took place at Wellington City in Wellington, New Zealand in the 1980s and 1990s. The 1987 event was a round of the 1987 World Touring Car Championship.

The final running of the race was in 1996, a non-championship sprint event for teams from the Australian Touring Car Championship.
On Wings of Eagles (miniseries)
On Wings of Eagles (also known as  Teheran) is a 1986 American television miniseries starring Burt Lancaster and Richard Crenna, and directed by Andrew V. McLaglen. It was adapted from Ken Follett's 1983 book of the same name.

On Wings of Eagles
On Wings of Eagles is a 1983 non-fiction thriller written by British author Ken Follett.  Set against the background of the Iranian revolution, it tells a story based on the rescue of Paul Chiapparone and Bill Gaylord from prison in Tehran by a team of Electronic Data Systems executives led by retired Col. Arthur D. Simons.

The story, according to Follett, is not fictionalized or a 'non-fiction novel'.
Scott Askham
Scott Askham (born 20 May 1988) is an English mixed martial artist currently competing in the Middleweight division of Oktagon MMA. A professional since 2010, he has also competed for the UFC, Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW), Absolute Championship Berkut, BAMMA, and Cage Warriors.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
Barth Island
Barth Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Peel Sound, south of Somerset Island's Four Rivers Bay, and the equally small Otrick Island. Prince of Wales Island is to the west.

Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)
Prince of Wales Island (French: Île du Prince-de-Galles) is an Arctic island in Nunavut, Canada. This uninhabited island is one of the larger members of the Arctic Archipelago, it lies between Victoria Island and Somerset Island and is south of the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

For administrative purposes, it is divided between Qikiqtaaluk and Kitikmeot regions. There are no permanent settlements on the island.
Flanders, New York
Flanders is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 5,095 at the time of the 2020 census.

It is located in the town of Southampton on the south side of the Peconic River at its mouth in Peconic Bay, roughly at the start of the South Fork of Long Island. Riverhead is across the river to the north.

Peconic River
The Peconic River is a river within Suffolk County on Long Island, New York. The river is located in the eastern end of Long Island. The Peconic River drains an area between the Harbor Hill Moraine and flows into Flanders Bay, which in turn connects to Peconic Bay east of Riverhead.

The river originates in bogs and wetlands in central Long Island near the Brookhaven National Laboratory and flows eastward to the Peconic Bay. It is the longest river on Long Island and is almost entirely within the Central Long Island Pine Barrens publicly protected area, which was set up in 1993 to protect its relative wilderness standing.

It is fresh water until about the center of Riverhead where it becomes an estuary.

The river is slow-moving, making it ideal for canoeing and kayaking.

It forms the border between Brookhaven and Riverhead towns as well as the border between Riverhead and Southampton.
Performing arts in Detroit
The performing arts in Detroit include orchestra, live music, and theater, with more than a dozen performing arts venues. The stages and old time film palaces are generally located along Woodward Avenue, the city's central thoroughfare, in the Downtown, Midtown, and New Center areas. Some additional venues are located in neighborhood areas of the city. Many of the city's significant historic theaters have been revitalized.

Gem Theatre (Detroit)
The Gem Theatre is an event facility located in Detroit, Michigan that has served as both wedding venue and private event space since 1991. Operated by Forbes Hospitality, the building consists of two theater spaces, Gem Theatre and Century Theatre. The venue also houses Century Dining Room on its lower level, and Century Club on the main level, acting as the building’s central hub. Once a traditional theater space with a rich history, today Gem Theatre aims to create unique, memorable experiences through its ornate architecture, hand-painted dining rooms, and outdoor patio.
PurifyPlus
PurifyPlus is a memory debugger program used by software developers to detect memory access errors in programs, especially those written in C or C++. It was originally written by Reed Hastings of Pure Software.  Pure Software later merged with Atria Software to form Pure Atria Software, which in turn was later acquired by Rational Software, which in turn was acquired by IBM, and then divested to UNICOM Systems, Inc. on Dec 31, 2014. It is functionally similar to other memory debuggers, such as Insure++, Valgrind and  BoundsChecker.

Valgrind
Valgrind (/ˈvælɡrɪnd/) is a programming tool for memory debugging, memory leak detection, and profiling.

Valgrind was originally designed to be a freely licensed memory debugging tool for Linux on x86, but has since evolved to become a generic framework for creating dynamic analysis tools such as checkers and profilers.
Mosaic Stadium
Mosaic Stadium is an open-air stadium at REAL District in Regina, Saskatchewan. Announced on July 12, 2012, the stadium replaced Taylor Field as the home field of the Canadian Football League's Saskatchewan Roughriders. It was designed by HKS, Inc., in joint venture with B+H, the architects of record. Preliminary construction on the new stadium began in early 2014, and it was declared "substantially complete" on August 31, 2016. The stadium is owned by the city of Regina and operated by the Regina Exhibition Association Ltd. (REAL).

The stadium soft opened with a university football game between the Regina Rams and the Saskatchewan Huskies on October 1, 2016. The Roughriders moved into the stadium for the 2017 CFL season. It hosted the 2019 NHL Heritage Classic and the 109th Grey Cup in 2022.

Brandt Centre
Brandt Centre (formerly the Regina Agridome) is an indoor arena at REAL District in Regina, Saskatchewan. Built in 1977, it is the home arena for the WHL's Regina Pats. It is owned by the city of Regina and operated by the Regina Exhibition Association Ltd. (REAL).
Westminster-Chilliwhack
Westminster-Chilliwack was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, from 1894 to 1900. It and its sister ridings (Westminster-Delta, Westminster-Dewdney, and Westminster-Richmond) were successors to the old four-member Westminster riding, which appeared in 1890 only and was a subdivision of the older New Westminster provincial electoral riding. Westminster-Chilliwack was succeeded by the Chilliwhack riding in the election of 1903.

New Westminster (provincial electoral district)
New Westminster is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. It was the final electoral district from the first British Columbia election of 1871 to continually exist until its abolition at the call of the 2024 election.

The riding is notable in a variety of ways. It never voted for a Social Credit candidate during the Socred's era of dominance between 1952 and 1991. It was also represented by Byron Ingemar Johnson, the 24th premier of British Columbia.

During the 1990s, the riding was represented by Anita Hagen, who served as deputy premier of British Columbia and minister of Education from 1991 to 1993 during the premiership of Mike Harcourt. Hagen was replaced by Graeme Bowbrick in 1996, who served as minister of Advanced Education in 2000, and attorney general from 2000 to 2001.

Under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution the riding was dissolved into Burnaby-New Westminster and New Westminster-Coquitlam.
East Coast State Railway
The East Coast State Railway was a railway company operating in India. It was a guaranteed company formed in 1890. It had a brief existence. The southern part of the East Coast State Railway (from Waltair to Vijayawada) was taken over by Madras Railway in 1901. The northern part of the line was merged with Bengal Nagpur Railway in 1902.

During the period 1893 to 1896, 1,287 km (800 mi) of the East Coast State Railway, from Vijayawada to Cuttack was built and opened to traffic. It included the line to Puri.

Vijayawada Junction railway station
Vijayawada Junction Railway Station (station code:- BZA) is an Indian Railways station in Vijayawada of Andhra Pradesh, categorized as a Non-Suburban Grade-1 (NSG-1) station in Vijayawada railway division. Situated at the junction of Howrah–Chennai and New Delhi–Chennai main lines, it is the fourth busiest railway station in the country after Howrah Junction, Kanpur Central and New Delhi. The station serves about 1.40 lakh passengers, over 190 express and 170 freight trains every day. It is one of the major railway junctions of the Indian Railways and is a nationally important halt. In September, 2023 It has been awarded Platinum Rating Certificate for its Environmental projects from IGBC ( Indian Green Building Council)
Allangrange railway station
Allangrange railway station was a station on the single track branch of the Highland Railway, in north east Scotland. The line connected villages in The Black Isle peninsula to the railway network via a junction at Muir of Ord.

Black Isle
The Black Isle (Scottish Gaelic: an t-Eilean Dubh, pronounced [ən̪ˠ ˈtʲʰelan ˈt̪uh]) is a peninsula within Ross and Cromarty, in the Scottish Highlands.  It includes the towns of Cromarty and Fortrose, and the villages of Culbokie, Resolis, Jemimaville, Rosemarkie, Avoch, Munlochy, Tore, and North Kessock, as well as numerous smaller settlements. About 12,000 people live on the Black Isle, depending on the definition.

It contains the civil parishes of Killearnan, Knockbain, Avoch, Rosemarkie, Cromarty, Resolis, and Urquhart.  These parishes had a total population of 12,302  at the 2011 census.

The northern slopes of the Black Isle offer fine views of Dingwall, Ben Wyvis, Fyrish and the deepwater anchorage at Invergordon. To the south, Inverness and the Monadhliath Mountains can be seen.
Over Staveley
Over Staveley is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. The parish comprises most of the village of Staveley north of the River Gowan, and areas of farmland and fell (including Brunt Knott) extending some 3 miles (5 km) north of the village.  At the 2011 census it had a population of 437.

The parish is within the Lake District National Park.  It has a joint parish council with Hugill and Nether Staveley, formed in 2004 and called Staveley with Ings Parish Council.

Potter Fell
Potter Fell is a fell near the villages of Burneside and Staveley, Cumbria, England, reaching a maximum height of 1,400 feet (430 m) at Brunt Knott.  Alfred Wainwright in his The Outlying Fells of Lakeland identifies four summits on Potter Fell: Brunt Knott,  Ulgraves and two unnamed summits, all of which are thus recognised by the Database of British and Irish Hills. There are a number of tarns  on the fell, including Gurnal Dubs and Potter Tarn.
Coastal Kadazan language
Coastal Kadazan, also known as Dusun Tangara, is a dialect of the Central Dusun as well as a minority language primarily spoken in Sabah, Malaysia. It is the primary dialect spoken by the Kadazan people in the west coast of Sabah especially in the districts of Penampang, Papar and Membakut (sub-district of Beaufort).

Malaysian Malay
Malaysian Malay (Malay: Bahasa Melayu Malaysia) or Malaysian (Bahasa Malaysia) – endonymically known as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai) or simply Malay (Bahasa Melayu, abbreviated to BM) – is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Singapore and Brunei (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the "Indonesian" language). Malaysian Malay is standardized from the Johor–Riau dialect of Malay, particularly a branch spoken in the state of Johor south of the Malay Peninsula. It is spoken by much of the Malaysian population, although most learn a vernacular Malay dialect or another native language first.
Don Peuramaki
Don Peuramaki is a Canadian producer, writer, advocate for the rights of individuals with disabilities, and naturalist.
He has been described as a leader in efforts to recognize the role individuals with disabilities can play in the Canadian workplace.

Ivey Business School
Ivey Business School is the main business school of Western University, located in London, Ontario, Canada. It offers full-time undergraduate and graduate programs in London, Ontario and maintains a Toronto facility for its EMBA program and two facilities, Toronto and Hong Kong, for its Ivey Executive Education programs.
Wale, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Wale [ˈvalɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Czerniewice, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 56 km (35 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Czerniewice
Czerniewice [t͡ʂɛrɲɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czerniewice. It lies on the Krzemionka River, approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. It was probably founded in the 14th century.

In 2004 the village had a population of 730.