hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lew Sapieha
Lew Sapieha (Belarusian: Леў Сапега; Lithuanian: Leonas Sapiega; 4 April 1557 – 7 July 1633) was a nobleman and statesman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He became Great Secretary of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1580, Great Clerk of the Grand Duchy in 1581, Crown Chancellor in 1585, Grand Chancellor from 1589 until 1623, Voivode of Vilnius in 1621, Great Lithuanian Hetman in 1623 and governor of Slonim, Brest and Mogilev.

Sapieha is considered as a great political figure of the Commonwealth. A rich and powerful magnate, he was known for his wisdom as a statesman, lawyer and military commander, he was one of the greatest leaders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the times of the Duchy's highest cultural flourishing. He was of Ruthenian (Belarusian) ethnicity. Modern Belarusian sources interpret his Ruthenian heritage as Belarusian.

Voivode of Vilnius
The Voivode of Vilnius (Lithuanian: Vilniaus vaivada, Polish: wojewoda wileński) was a high-ranking officer in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who governed the Vilnius Voivodeship from 1413. He was considered as the most influential member of the Lithuanian Council of Lords. After the Union of Lublin in 1569, the Voivodes of Vilnius (who were senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) were ranked as the fourth highest, while the Castellans of Vilnius were ranked as the sixth highest officers among the Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Third Partition of the Commonwealth, the Vilnius Voivodeship was annexed by the Russian Empire and this position was annulled.
Sodobnost
Sodobnost (Slovene: Modernity or Contemporary Time) is a Slovenian literary and cultural magazine, established in 1933. It is considered the oldest of currently existing literary magazines in Slovenia. Although Sodobnost has traditionally been a magazine focused on cultural and literary issues, it nowadays covers a wide range of current affairs. It is part of the Eurozine editorial project.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Doin' It Big (Young JV album)
Doin' It Big is the second studio album of Filipino artist Young JV. It was released on August 29, 2012.  This was his first album to be released under Star Records and Doin' It Big Productions. in CD and through digital download on iTunes, amazon.com, starrecords.com.ph, and the official nationwide music downloading cite in the country, mymusicstore.com.ph.

The album features ten original tracks in total. It was promoted by three singles, including hit songs "Alay" and lead single "Your Name".  After the success of the lead single, "Tanong" was released as the third single.

ASAP (TV program)
ASAP (an abbreviation of its full name, All-Star Sunday Afternoon Party) is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Originally hosted by Martin Nievera, Pops Fernandez, Ariel Rivera and Dayanara Torres, it premiered on February 5, 1995, on the network's Sunday noontime line up replacing Sa Linggo nAPO Sila. Nievera, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Gary Valenciano, Sarah Geronimo, Erik Santos, Darren Espanto, Kim Chiu, Enchong Dee, Ogie Alcasid, Regine Velasquez, Robi Domingo, Edward Barber, Alexa Ilacad, Donny Pangilinan, Belle Mariano, and Janine Gutierrez currently serve as the hosts. It is the longest-running Sunday noontime variety show on Philippine television.
Tomb of Yi Sun-sin
The tomb of the Korean admiral Yi Sun-sin (Korean: 이충무공묘; Hanja: 李忠武公墓) is located in Eumbong-myeon, Asan, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, it was designated Historic Site of South Korea No. 112.

Yi defended Korea during the 1592–1598 Imjin War and died in combat. Yi was originally buried in his hometown. Sixteen years later, the tomb was moved to its current location. His tomb is circular and has a tumulus over it. Yi and his wife are buried in the tomb. His tombstone is a later addition; it was engraved in 1707 (Korean calendar). The tomb is surrounded by various stone statues and monuments.

Historic Sites (South Korea)
Historic Sites (Korean: 사적) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for places of important historical value. It is managed by the Administrator of the Cultural Heritage Administration, under article 25 of Cultural Heritage Protection Act of South Korea.

More recent structures, namely those from the late 19th century to the 1940s, are not eligible for listing as "Historic Sites", but rather may be officially listed under the designation 'Cultural Heritage of Early Modern Times' under 'Registered Cultural Heritage'. This can be done "if they are highly valuable and on the verge of destruction or deterioration".
Piali railway station
Piali railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Canning Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It serves the local area of Piali in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Sealdah South section
Sealdah South section consists of a set of four lines which connect Sealdah in Kolkata with its southern suburbs and with the entire South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. It is a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway and is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways.

It is linked to the Sealdah Main and North section via the Kankurgachi Chord line at Park Circus and via the Kolkata Circular Railway at Majerhat Junction.

It also connects to the Kolkata Dock System Railway (KDS Railway) at Majerhat and Brace Bridge respectively.
Donald Mainland
Donald Mainland FRSE FRSC (Born Darwen, 5 April 1902- died Kent, Connecticut July 1985) was an English-born medical statistician who became a Professor at the New York University. He is remembered for his series of Mainland's Notes.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Etisulergine
Etisulergine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name CQ-32084 or CQ 32-084) is a drug of the ergoline family described as a dopamine agonist, prolactin inhibitor, and antiparkinsonian agent which was never marketed. It is closely related in chemical structure to lisuride and is also similar in structure to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Etisulergine was first described in the literature by at least 1977.

Ergoline
Ergoline is a core structure in many alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives. Ergoline alkaloids were first characterized in ergot. Some of these are implicated in the condition of ergotism, which can take a convulsive form or a gangrenous form. Even so, many ergoline alkaloids have been found to be clinically useful. Annual world production of ergot alkaloids has been estimated at 5,000–8,000 kg of all ergopeptines and 10,000–15,000 kg of lysergic acid, used primarily in the manufacture of semi-synthetic derivatives.

Others, such as lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD, a semi-synthetic derivative, and ergine, a natural derivative found in Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor and related species, are known psychedelic substances.
Bliss point (economics)
In economics, the bliss point is a quantity of consumption where any further increase would make the consumer less satisfied. It is a quantity of consumption which maximizes utility in the absence of budget constraint. In other words, it refers to the amount of consumption that would be chosen by a person so rich that money imposed no constraint on their decisions.

Budget constraint
In economics, a budget constraint represents all the combinations of goods and services that a consumer (or other decision-maker) can purchase given current prices and a given level of income or wealth. In consumer theory, the budget constraint and a preference map (or system of indifference curves) are the basic tools used to analyse consumer choice. In the standard two-good case, the budget constraint can be represented graphically as a straight line showing the trade-off between the two goods. If  and  denote the quantities of two goods, with prices  and , and  denotes income, the budget line is given by

Solving for  yields

where  is the vertical intercept (the maximum amount of  the consumer can buy if ) and  is the slope of the budget line, representing the opportunity cost of one more unit of  in terms of  forgone. Similar constraints appear in models of labour–leisure choice, intertemporal consumption, firm behaviour and international trade.
Ostana
Ostana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cuneo.  Its population has been in decline and in January 2016 it recorded its first birth since the 1980s.

Ostana borders the following municipalities: Bagnolo Piemonte, Barge, Crissolo, Oncino, and Paesana. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Maria Caterina Farnese
Maria Caterina Farnese (18 February 1615 – 15 August 1646) was a member of the Ducal House of Farnese. She was Duchess of Modena as the first wife of Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena. In some sources she is known simply as Maria Farnese.

Ranuccio II Farnese
Ranuccio II Farnese (17 September 1630 – 11 December 1694) was the sixth Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1646 until his death nearly 50 years later. He was also the Duke of Castro from 1646 until 1649.
HMS Port Mahon (1711)
HMS Port Mahon was a member of the Gibraltar Group of 24-gun sixth rates. After commissioning she spent her career in home waters and North America on trade protection duties. She was broken up at Plymouth in May 1740.

Port Mahon was the first vessel of that name in the Royal Navy.

Gibraltar Group
The Gibraltar Group of sixth rates were basically repeats of the Maidstone Group. Ten ships were ordered with one of a slightly different design (but basically the same) and another added in 1711, for a total of twelve vessels. Their armament was similar as were the dimensions of the vessels. They were constructed between 1710 and 1716.
WQON
WQON (100.3 FM, "Q 100.3") is a radio station broadcasting an album-oriented rock (AOR) format. Licensed to Grayling, Michigan, the seat of government in Crawford County, it first began broadcasting in 1978. The station brands itself as Q-100.

Grayling, Michigan
Grayling (/ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/ GRAY-ling) is a city in and the county seat of Crawford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the only incorporated community in Crawford County. As of the 2020 census, Grayling had a population of 1,867. The city is surrounded by Grayling Charter Township, but the two are administered autonomously.

The city is located in the middle of the Northern Michigan region at the junctions of Interstate 75, U.S. Route 127, M-72, and M-93.  Grayling is well known for hosting the Au Sable River Canoe Marathon in July of every year since 1947. The city is named after the grayling species of fish once abundant in the Au Sable River, although the species has been extirpated in Michigan since 1936. There have been many attempts to bring grayling back to the area but none have been successful.
Scandilia gens
The gens Scandilia, also written Scantilia, was an obscure plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens are mentioned by ancient writers, but a number are known from inscriptions.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Del Amo Fashion Center
Del Amo Fashion Center is a three-level regional shopping mall in Torrance, California, United States. It is managed and co-owned by Simon Property Group.

With a gross leasable area (GLA) of 2,519,601 sq ft (234,079 m2), it is the seventh largest shopping mall in the United States. The mall features Nordstrom, Dick's Sporting Goods, JCPenney, Macy's Men's and Home Store, and Macy's Women's Store.

JoAnn Fabrics
Jo-Ann Stores, LLC, (stylized JOANN) was an American specialty retail chain that specialized in fabrics and arts and crafts supplies. The chain was based in Hudson, Ohio, and had operated over 800 stores across 49 U.S. states until the beginning of 2025. By the end of February 2025, the company began the process of liquidating all of its stores after failing to obtain a buyer. 255 stores were shuttered by the end of April while the remaining 535 locations permanently closed by May 30, 2025, a day ahead of the planned closing schedule.

It was revealed on June 5 that arts and crafts retailer Michaels had acquired Joann’s intellectual property and private labels, but none of its physical stores. Michaels itself has plans to expand its selection of products by introducing Joann's private labels to physical stores and online within the coming months. An increase in fabric searches on Michaels's website prompted the company to move forward with this decision.
Siu Sai Wan Sports Ground
Siu Sai Wan Sports Ground (Chinese: 小西灣運動場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Siu Sai Wan, Hong Kong. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It occupies about 43,000 square metres and its construction cost over HK $230 million. Opened in December 1996, the Sports Ground is a concrete structure built on a single level, with a permanent seating capacity of 11,981.

China national football team
The China national football team (simplified Chinese: 中国国家足球队; traditional Chinese: 中國國家足球隊; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā zúqiú duì), recognised as China PR by FIFA, represents China in men's international association football and is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA).

China won the EAFF East Asian Cup in 2005 and 2010, was runner-up at the AFC Asian Cup in 1984 and 2004, and made its sole FIFA World Cup appearance in 2002, losing all matches without scoring a goal.
Health campaign
A health campaign is a type of media campaign which attempts to promote public health by making new health interventions available. The organizers of a health campaign frequently use education along with an opportunity to participate further, such as when a vaccination campaign seeks both to educate the public about a vaccine and provide the vaccine to people who want it. When a health campaign has international relevance it may be called a global health campaign.

Prevention of HIV/AIDS
HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community, or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.
Kossakowski
Kossakowski (Lithuanian: Kosakovskiai) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble family originated from Mazovia.

They were first mentioned in the 13th century and initially settled in Ciechanów County, from where they branched out to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Podolia, Volhynia, and Livonia.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Inflanty
The Diocese of Livonia, later Roman Catholic Diocese of Inflanty was a territorial division of the Roman Catholic Church established in 1186 as the Diocese of Üxküll and promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Riga in 1255.

Re-established after the Livonian War as the Diocese of Wenden by king Stephen Báthory in 1582. After 1621 the diocesan see was relocated to Dünaburg (Daugavpils) in Inflanty Voivodeship (contemporary Latgalia) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.  It was formed after Vidzeme and present-day Estonia (the western portion of the predecessor Diocese of Wenden) were conquered by Swedish king Gustav II Adolf. The diocese was suppressed in 1798 after the third partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Ismail Gulgee
Ismail Gulgee (Urdu: اسماعیل گل جی); 25 October 1926 – 16 December 2007), also known simply as Gulgee, was a Pakistani painter.

Born in Peshawar, he received his early education at Lawrence College before attending Aligarh University, Columbia University, and Harvard University for higher education. He started off painting portraits before turning to abstract art, basing his works on Islamic calligraphy. He gained international acclaim, and was commissioned to paint several leaders, including US Presidents Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush, the Shah of Iran, King Hussein of Jordan, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, and Pakistani leaders Zulifqar Ali Bhutto and General Ayub Khan.

On 19 December 2007, he was found murdered at his house with his wife and maid. After a lengthy investigation, his driver and servant were convicted and given life sentences on 23 May 2017.

Action painting
Action painting, sometimes called "gestural abstraction", is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied. The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist.
Rediu, Neamț
Rediu is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bețești, Poloboc, Rediu, and Socea.

The commune is located in the southern part of the county, close to the border with Bacău County, on the right bank of the river Bistrița. Rediu is 31 km (19 mi) from the county seat, the city of Piatra Neamț, and 14 km (8.7 mi) from the town of Buhuși. It is crossed by the county road DJ159C, which connects it to the north to Borlești and to the south to Cândești.

The fir beam Saints Voievodes Church dates from around 1825; it is located on a hill in the village of Rediu, next to the village cemetery.

Piatra Neamț
Piatra Neamț (Romanian: [ˈpjatra ˈne̯amt͡s]; German: Kreuzburg an der Bistritz; Hungarian: Karácsonkő) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of  Western Moldavia, in northeastern Romania. Because of its very privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania. The Nord-Est Regional Development Agency is located in Piatra Neamț.
Labor omnia vincit
Labor omnia vincit or Labor omnia vincit improbus is a Latin phrase meaning "Work conquers all". The phrase is adapted from Virgil's Georgics, Book I, lines 145–6: ...Labor omnia vicit / improbus ("Steady work overcame all things"). The poem was written in support of Augustus Caesar's "Back to the land" policy, aimed at encouraging more Romans to become farmers.

Zamorano
The Zamorano Pan-American Agricultural School  (Spanish: Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano), generally known as El Zamorano or Zamorano, is a private, coeducational, boarding school located in the valley of the Yeguare river, Honduras.  El Zamorano's main focus is agricultural and there are four different programs to choose from in the school. Enrollment stands at more than 1000 students. It is currently registered in Delaware as a 501(c)3 non-profit organisation.

Zamorano is host to students from several countries, including Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Paraguay, and Mexico.
Classic Air Force
Classic Air Force was a charitably-based  aircraft preservation organisation sited in Coventry, West Midlands. Specialising in classic aircraft from the period between the end of the Second World War and the close of the Cold War, it preserved – in flying condition where possible - notable and rare aircraft from the period. CAF was the public face of The Classic Aircraft Trust, which was set up in 2012 specifically to manage the preservation and museum activities. Classic Air Force closed down in early 2016.

The organisation's main site between March 2015 and February 2016 was Coventry Airport (Baginton) which hosted the organisation's main maintenance and restoration facilities as well as the majority of the airworthy fleet. Previously (between 2013 and March 2015) the main site was at Newquay.

Classic Air Force closed its Coventry museum in October 2015.

De Havilland Dove
The de Havilland DH.104 Dove is a British short-haul airliner developed and manufactured by de Havilland. The design, which was a monoplane successor to the pre-war Dragon Rapide biplane, came about from the Brabazon Committee report which, amongst other aircraft types, called for a British-designed short-haul feeder for airlines.

The Dove was a popular aircraft and is considered to be one of Britain's most successful postwar civil designs, with over 500 aircraft manufactured between 1946 and 1967. Several military variants were operated, such as the Devon by the Royal Air Force and the Sea Devon by the Royal Navy, and the type also saw service with a number of overseas military forces.

A longer four-engined development of the Dove, intended for use in the less developed areas of the world, was the Heron. A considerably re-designed three-engined variant of the Dove was built in Australia as the de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover.