hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Two Americas
Two Americas is a phrase used by Martin Luther King Jr. in his 1967 speech "The Other America" to describe the differences in what life is like for Black/African-Americans and Whites due to the lack of equal protection under the law and the racial class system designed to keep people with African and Native ancestry from equality and freedom. John Edwards later revisited the Two Americas theme frequently in his 2004 run for vice president and his 2008 presidential campaign.

John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign
The 2008 presidential campaign of John Edwards, former United States Senator from North Carolina and Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, began on December 28, 2006, when he announced his entry into the 2008 presidential election in the city of New Orleans near sites devastated by Hurricane Katrina. On January 30, 2008, Edwards returned to New Orleans to announce that he was suspending his campaign for the Presidency. On May 14, 2008, he endorsed Barack Obama at a campaign event in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Robert Louzon
Robert Louzon (1882–1976) was a French engineer, revolutionary syndicalist, anarchist and socialist.

Louzon was involved in the Confédération générale du travail and then in the anarchist Confédération nationale du travail (CNT). He helped found the journal La Révolution prolétarienne with the syndicalist trade-unionist Pierre Monatte, the first issue published in January 2025. In 1929 he joined the Communist Party of France, to leave shortly after. He later joined the SIA (Solidarité Internationale antifasciste) and signed Louis Lecoin's Paix immédiate. During World War II he was arrested and interned in Algeria.

Hubert Lagardelle
Hubert Lagardelle (French pronunciation: [ybɛʁ laɡaʁdɛl]; 8 July 1874 – 20 September 1958) was a pioneer of French revolutionary syndicalism. He regularly authored reviews for the Plans magazine, was co-founder of the journal Prélude, and Minister of Labour in the Vichy regime.
Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement
Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement (Russian: Тенеевское се́льское поселе́ние; Chuvash: Тени ял тăрăхĕ, Teni jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Teneyevo. Rural settlement's population: 900 (2006 est.).

Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.

The Alikovo–Tautovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

Tautovo, Chuvash Republic
Tautovo (Russian: Таутово; Chuvash: Тавăт, Tavăt) is a rural locality (a village) in Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, (Russia), located 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from the district's administrative center of Alikovo. The village is the administrative center of Tautovskoye Rural Settlement, one of the municipal formations of Alikovsky District.
The chief of the municipal formation is Svetlana Y. Zheleznova.
Penal Colony (band)
Penal Colony were an electro-industrial outfit based in the Inland Empire section of Southern California, and fronted by Dee Madden. The original incarnation consisted of Madden, Jason Hubbard, Andy Shaw and Chris Shinkus.

The touring lineup of the band featured Paris Sadonis of Premature Ejaculation, Shadow Project, EXP and Involution, William Skye of London After Midnight, and Justin Bennett of Skinny Puppy, My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, Nivek Ogre, Pigface and Bahntier.

Zoth Ommog Records
Zoth Ommog Records was a German record label that focused on Industrial music and was owned by parent label Music Research. The company was established by German music producer Andreas Tomalla (aka Talla 2XLC) in 1989 and later handed over to producer Torben Schmidt of the band Lights of Euphoria.  The label released albums for such bands as Leæther Strip, X Marks the Pedwalk, Bigod 20, Lights of Euphoria and Klinik between 1989 and 1999.

The company based its name on the fictional character Zoth-Ommog in the Cthulhu Mythos.

In the United States, many of the Zoth Ommog artists were released in the US under Cleopatra Records and Metropolis Records.
Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.

Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.
Bao Yi of Shang
Bao Yi (Chinese: 匚乙; pinyin: Bào Yǐ) was the tenth ruler of Predynastic Shang. Succeeding Shang Jia, he is regarded as one of the culture's Six Spirits (六示 (lìushì)). Veneration of him as an ancestral deity is recorded in oracle bone inscriptions, though little is known about his contemporary reign. He was succeeded by Bao Bing.

Heavenly Stems
The ten Heavenly Stems (or Celestial Stems) are a system of ordinals indigenous to China and used throughout East Asia, first attested c. 1250 BCE during the Shang dynasty as the names of the ten days of the week. They were also used in Shang-era rituals in the names of dead family members, who were offered sacrifices on the corresponding day of the Shang week. Stems are no longer used as names for the days of the week, but have acquired many other uses. Most prominently, they have been used in conjunction with the associated set of twelve Earthly Branches in the compound sexagenary cycle, an important feature of historical Chinese calendars.
Marcin Krowicki
Marcin Krowicki (1500–1573) was a Polish Catholic priest who became a Calvinist in 1551 and a Unitarian in 1562. He was one of the translation team for the original Pińczów Bible. He was one of those who argued against a fully pacifist stance among the Polish Brethren. In 1561 he published Obraz własny antykrystów identifying the Catholic Church as the antichrist. He then became a schoolteacher in Podlasie.

Polish Brethren
The Polish Brethren (Polish: Bracia Polscy) were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658. By those on the outside, they were called "Arians" or "Socinians" (Polish: arianie, socynianie), but themselves preferred simply to be called "Brethren" or "Christians" (and, after their expulsion from Poland, "Unitarians").
Conflicts of interest in academic publishing
Conflicts of interest (COIs) often arise in academic publishing. Such conflicts may cause wrongdoing and make it more likely. Ethical standards in academic publishing exist to avoid and deal with conflicts of interest, and the field continues to develop new standards. Standards vary between journals and are unevenly applied. According to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, "[a]uthors have a responsibility to evaluate the integrity, history, practices and reputation of the journals to which they submit manuscripts".

Conflicts of interest increase the likelihood of biases arising; they can harm the quality of research and the public good (even if disclosed). Conflicts of interest can involve research sponsors, authors, journals, journal staff, publishers, and peer reviewers.

Physician Payments Sunshine Act
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act is a 2010 United States healthcare law to increase transparency of financial relationships between health care providers and pharmaceutical manufacturers and medical device manufacturers.
Tulasnella aurantiaca
Tulasnella aurantiaca is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. It produces orange-red, pustular, gelatinous anamorphic states on dead, deciduous wood. Originally described from Europe, it also occurs in North America where the species appears to be more common.

Cantharellales
The Cantharellales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes not only the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae), but also some of the tooth fungi (Hydnaceae), clavarioid fungi (Aphelariaceae and Clavulinaceae), and corticioid fungi (Botryobasidiaceae). Species within the order are variously ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, associated with orchids, or facultative plant pathogens. Those of economic importance include edible and commercially collected Cantharellus, Craterellus, and Hydnum species as well as crop pathogens in the genera Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus/Rhizoctonia.
Poseidon's Wake
Poseidon's Wake is a science fiction novel by Welsh author Alastair Reynolds. It forms the conclusion of Reynolds' Poseidon's Children future history trilogy, which follows the expansion of humanity and its transhuman descendants into the galaxy over the course of many centuries. Poseidon's Wake follows Blue Remembered Earth (2012) and On the Steel Breeze (2013), and was published by Gollancz on 30 April 2015.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Großer Solstein
The Große Solstein is a mountain, 2,541 m (AA) high, on the western corner of the Nordkette range in the Karwendel mountains near Zirl in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Its summit may be ascended on various mountain tour routes either from the Solsteinhaus or from the New Magdeburg Hut. These routes are described as not difficult but require stamina. The crossing to the higher peak of the Kleiner Solstein (2,637 m (AA)), despite its name the highest in the Nordkette, is described in that article.

Karwendel
The Karwendel is the largest mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps. It is located on the Austria–Germany border. The major part belongs to the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, while the adjacent area in the north is part of Bavaria, Germany. Four chains stretch from west to east; in addition, there are a number of fringe ranges and an extensive promontory (Vorkarwendel) in the north.
Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
1955 1000 km Buenos Aires
The 1955 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 23 January, on the Autódromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the second running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, a longer section of the Autopista General Pablo Riccheri route was added, making the circuit 17.136 km in length.

1000 km Buenos Aires
The 1000 km Buenos Aires was an endurance sports car and stock car event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The race mostly run on the Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez, although it ran on the Costanera circuit in 1957. Besides a single race in Caracas, Venezuela, it was the only annual South American race in the history of the World Sportscar Championship.
Rianne Letschert
Rianne Monique Letschert (born 13 September 1976) is a Dutch law scholar who is the minister of education, culture and science in the Jetten cabinet since February 2026.

Letschert previously held positions in academia. She was a professor of victimology and international law at Tilburg University between March 2011 and September 2016. From September 2016 until February 2022 she was rector of Maastricht University. Between November 2021 and her appointment as minister she was president of the board of the same university.

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)
The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Dutch: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap; OCW) is the Dutch Ministry responsible for education, culture, science, research, gender equality and communications. The Ministry was created in 1918 as the Ministry of Education, Arts and Sciences and had several name changes before it became the Education, Culture and Science in 1994. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Education, Culture and Science, currently Gouke Moes.
Pastoria
King Pastoria is a fictional character mentioned in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. He was the rightful ruler and King of the undiscovered Land of Oz, but was mysteriously removed from his position when the Wizard of Oz unexpectedly came to the country and took the throne, proclaiming himself as the new dominant ruler of Oz. Shortly after, Pastoria's only child and heir, Princess Ozma, suddenly vanished, leaving not a single clue of her whereabouts.

Eventually in the second Oz book The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904) (where Pastoria's past is first mentioned in detail), Glinda the Good finally finds Ozma, who was transformed by the evil witch Mombi into a boy, preventing anyone from recognizing her and thus allowing Mombi to ascend to the throne. Glinda forces Mombi to undo this curse and Ozma was established back in her place as the official child Queen of Oz.

Glinda
Glinda, also known as Glinda the Good, is a fictional character created by L. Frank Baum for his Oz novels. She first appears in Baum's 1900 children's classic The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and is the most powerful sorceress in the Land of Oz, ruler of the Quadling Country South of the Emerald City, and protector of Princess Ozma.
Kalus-e Vosta
Kalus-e Vosta (Persian: كالوس وسطي, also Romanized as Kālūs-e Vosţá; also known as Kālūs Mīānī and Kālūs Vasat) is a village in Sarrud-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 14 families.

Sarrud-e Jonubi Rural District
Sarrud-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان سررود جنوبي) is in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Aliabad-e Sartol. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Tall Khosrow.
Henri Lepage (essayist)
Henri Lepage (French: [ləpaʒ]; born 21 April 1941) is a French libertarian essayist.

He is most famous for his book Demain le Capitalisme ("Capitalism Tomorrow"), in which, in 1978, he presented an overview of the new libertarian thinkers. The book has been translated into a dozen languages. It is considered important for the early spread of neoliberalism in Sweden. Lepage is a member of the Mont Pelerin Society.

Mont Pelerin Society
The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS), founded in 1947, is an international academic society of economists, political philosophers, and other intellectuals who share a classical liberal outlook. It is headquartered at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, United States. The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies, and an open society. Further, the society seeks to discover ways in which the private sector can replace many functions currently provided by government entities.
Transformation matrix
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If  is a linear transformation mapping  to  and  is a column vector with  entries, then there exists an  matrix , called the transformation matrix of , such that:

Note that  has  rows and  columns, whereas the transformation  is from  to .  There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors.

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
Village of the Branch, New York
Village of the Branch (also known as Branch Village, The Branch, or simply Branch) is a village in the Town of Smithtown in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is considered part of the Greater Smithtown area, which is anchored by Smithtown. The population was 1,735 at the time of the 2020 census.

Smithtown (CDP), New York
Smithtown is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the Town of Smithtown in Suffolk County, New York. The population was 25,629 at the 2020 census.

The hamlet includes the former Village of The Landing, which was dissolved in 1939.
2016 FC Tobol season
The 2016 FC Tobol season is the 18th successive season that the club playing in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan. Tobol finished the season 7th, top of the Relegation group, whilst the wear knocked out of the Kazakhstan Cup by Kyzylzhar at the last 16 stage.

2016 Kazakhstan Cup
The 2016 Kazakhstan Cup was the 25th season of the Kazakhstan Cup, the annual nationwide football cup competition of Kazakhstan since the independence of the country. The competition began on 21 March 2016 and end with the final on 19 November 2016. Astana defeated defending champions Kairat 1–0 in the final to win their first Kazakhstan Cup since 2012.

Ordabasy qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League after finishing 4th in the league, as both Astana and Kairat had already secured European football for the following season.
Grizzly Peak (Sawatch Range)
Grizzly Peak is a high and prominent mountain summit of the Collegiate Peaks in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,995-foot (4265.6 m) thirteener is located 2.6 miles (4.2 km) south-southwest (bearing 202°) of Independence Pass, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide separating San Isabel National Forest and Chaffee County from White River National Forest and Pitkin County.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste, S.A.B. de C.V., known as ASUR, is a Mexican airport operator headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It operates 9 airports in the southeastern states of Mexico, including that of Cancún. It is the third largest airport services company by passenger traffic in Mexico. It serves approximately 23 million passengers annually.

ASUR is listed  on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the NYSE. It is a constituent of the IPC, the main benchmark index of the Mexican Stock Exchange.

Indice de Precios y Cotizaciones
The Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC) is the weighted measurement index of 35 stocks traded on the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores. The recomposition of the index has its methodology originating and exposing on the BMV, and may change every quarter.
Radio Donji Vakuf
Radio Donji Vakuf is a Bosnian local public radio station, broadcasting from Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Radio Donji Vakuf was launched on 16 September 1978 by the municipal council of Donji Vakuf. In Yugoslavia and in SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was part of local/municipal Radio Sarajevo network affiliate. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as music, sport, local news and talk shows. Program is mainly produced in Bosnian language.

Estimated number of potential listeners of Radio Donji Vakuf is around 17,499.

Radio Sarajevo
Radio Sarajevo is a radio station and magazine that began airing 10 April 1945, four days after the liberation of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina near the end of World War II. It was Bosnia and Herzegovina's first radio station. The first words spoken by announcer Đorđe Lukić were "This is Radio Sarajevo... Death to fascism, freedom to the people!"

Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1.
GER Class T19
The GER Class T19 was a class of 2-4-0 steam tender locomotives designed by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway.  Some were later rebuilt with larger boilers while others were rebuilt with both larger boilers and a 4-4-0 wheel arrangement. Unusually, both the 2-4-0 and 4-4-0 rebuilds were classified as GER Class T19 Rebuilt.  All the 2-4-0s had been withdrawn by 1920 so only the 4-4-0s passed to the London and North Eastern Railway in 1923 and these became the LNER Class D13.

2-4-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. In most of North America it became known as a Porter.

The notation 2-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached tender. A subset is 2-4-0WT, a configuration in which the water is under the bolier in a well tank.