hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mayoral elections in Springfield, Massachusetts
Elections are currently held every four years to elect the mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts.

Before 1961, mayoral elections were partisan. Starting in 1961, they have been nonpartisan.

Terms had, originally, been for a length of a single year, but were later extended to two years. Starting with the 2011 mayoral election, terms were extended further to four years.

The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)
The Republican is a newspaper based in Springfield, Massachusetts, covering news in the Greater Springfield area, as well as national news and pieces from Boston, Worcester and northern Connecticut.

It is owned by Newhouse Newspapers, a division of Advance Publications. Throughout much of the 19th century, the paper was the largest circulating daily in New England and the most widely-read across the U.S., and played a key role in the United States Republican Party's founding. Abraham Lincoln was an avid reader. The newspaper became the first American periodical to publish a poem authored by an African American writer.

By 2025, The Republican's daily circulation had plummeted to 8,593, according to an audit published in the newspaper on September 24, 2025. Content from The Republican is published online to MassLive, a separate Advance Publications company. MassLive had between 4.5 million and 8.4 million unique monthly visitors in 2025.
Mentalist postulate
The mentalist postulate is the thesis that meaning in natural language is an information structure that is mentally encoded by human beings. It is a basic premise of some branches of cognitive semantics. Semantic theories implicitly or explicitly incorporating the mentalist postulate include force dynamics and conceptual semantics.

Two implications of the mentalist postulate are: first, that research on the nature of mental representations can serve to constrain or enrich semantic theories; and secondly, that results of semantic theories bear directly on the nature of human conceptualization.

Force dynamics
Force dynamics is a semantic category that describes the way in which entities interact with reference to force. Force Dynamics gained a good deal of attention in cognitive linguistics due to its claims of psychological plausibility and the elegance with which it generalizes ideas not usually considered in the same context.
The semantic category of force dynamics pervades language on several levels. Not only does it apply to expressions in the physical domain like leaning on or dragging, but it also plays an important role in expressions involving psychological forces (e.g. wanting or being urged). 
Furthermore, the concept of force dynamics can be extended to discourse. For example, the situation in which speakers A and B argue, after which speaker A gives in to speaker B, exhibits a force dynamic pattern.
Adam de Senlis
Adam de Senlis (died 1191), also called Adam of Evesham, was a Benedictine monk who became abbot of Evesham Abbey.

Adam de Senlis was a monk of Notre Dame de la Charité-sur-Loire, Nièvre, afterwards joined to Cluny, and became prior of Bermondsey Abbey in 1157, and for that monastery he obtained important privileges in 1160 from Henry II. In 1161 he was made Abbot of Evesham Abbey, where he completed the cloister, finished St. Egwine's shrine, glazed many of the windows, and made an aqueduct. He obtained the right to use episcopal ornaments in 1163, Evesham being the first abbey which obtained the use of the mitre for its abbot. In 1162 he was one of the papal commissioners for delivering the pall to Archbishop Thomas. He died 12 November 1191.

According to John Leland, he was the author of:

Exhortatio ad Sacras Virgines Godestovensis Cœnobii

De miraculo Eucharistiæ ad Rainaldum

Epistolæ

Abbot of Evesham
The Abbot of Evesham was the head of Evesham Abbey, a Benedictine monastery in Worcestershire founded in the Anglo-Saxon era of English history. The succession continued until the dissolution of the monastery in 1540.
USS Mathews
USS Mathews (AKA-96) was an Andromeda-class attack cargo ship named after Mathews County, Virginia. She served as a commissioned ship for 18 years and 8 months.

Mathews (AKA–96) was laid down on 15 September 1944 under Maritime Commission contract by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Kearny, N.J., launched on 22 December 1944, sponsored by Miss Mary Margaret McBride, acquired by the Navy on 3 March 1945, and commissioned on 15 March 1945.

Mathews County, Virginia
Mathews County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,533. Its county seat is Mathews.

Located on the Middle Peninsula, Mathews County is included in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Solapur–Mumbai CSMT Superfast Express
The 22140 / 39 Solapur–Mumbai CST Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Central Railway zone that runs between Solapur Junction and Mumbai CST in India.

It operates as train number 22140 from Solapur Junction to Mumbai CST and as train number 22139 in the reverse direction serving the state of Maharashtra.

Solapur railway station
Solapur railway station is located in Solapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra category NSG-2 and serves Solapur city and the industrial belt around it. It is headquarters of Solapur Railway Division and a part of Central Railway zone.

Solapur lies on the planned Mumbai–Hyderabad high-speed rail corridor. The possibility of an Ahmednagar Karmala railway line is also being explored.
Coombabah Lake Conservation Park
The Coombabah Lake Conservation Park is a conservation park that is an Important Wetland in Australia, located in the Gold Coast region of South East Queensland, Australia. Part of the Coomera River catchment, Lake Coombabah is a tidal lake at the mouth of Coombabah Creek. The Coombabah wetlands are significant because they are the most southerly lake and coastal swampland representatives in the bioregion, and because the area provides significant wildlife value and refuge habitat. The conservation area includes tidal marshlands and mangroves along part of the lakes edge. The Melaleuca boardwalk allows viewing of the wildlife. The mangroves are home to frogs, crabs and fish that attract native and migratory birds. There are  guided bushwalking and canoeing activities as part of community conservation and environmental workshops to promote local conservation.

Coomera River
The Coomera River is a perennial river in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. Its catchment lies within the Gold Coast and Scenic Rim Region local government areas and covers an area of 489 square kilometres (189 sq mi).
Red Youth (Norway)
Red Youth (Bokmål: Rød Ungdom; Nynorsk: Raud Ungdom; abbr. RU) is a Norwegian youth organisation. It is the youth wing of the Red Party, which was formed from a merger of the Red Electoral Alliance and the Workers' Communist Party in March 2007. The resignation of its leader Amrit Pernille Kaur, occurred on 11 September 2025.

Workers' Communist Party (Norway)
The Workers' Communist Party (Norwegian: Arbeidernes Kommunistparti, AKP) was a Norwegian communist party (1973–2007). AKP was a Maoist party and one of two communist parties in Norway; the other was the older Communist Party of Norway which had remained pro-Soviet. The relationship between the two parties was characterized by strong hostility.

AKP was founded in 1973, as Arbeidernes Kommunistparti (marxist-leninistene). It did not participate directly in elections, but members had "activity duty", meaning that they were to work for the party's goals – passive members were not accepted. The precise number of its members is unknown.
On 22 February 2006, the party opened some of its archives to the public, in a move the party argued was to hit out at all the rumours surrounding the party.

It was a predecessor of the current party the Red Party, founded on 10 March 2007.
Jacques Dorion
Jacques Dorion (ca 1797 – December 29, 1877) was a doctor and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born at Quebec City around 1797 and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. Dorion studied medicine at Paris and returned to set up practice at Saint-Ours. In 1824, he married Catherine-Louise Lovell, niece of seigneur Charles-Louis-Roch de Saint-Ours. Dorion was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Richelieu in 1830 and was reelected in 1834, as a supporter of the parti patriote. Dorion signed the Ninety-Two Resolutions. He founded a branch of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society at Saint-Ours in 1835. In December 1837, he was arrested for high treason and imprisoned until March 1838.

He died at Saint-Ours in 1877.

One son, Joseph-Adolphe, later served in the Quebec legislative assembly, and another son, Eugène-Philippe, was head of the French translators for the Canadian House of Commons.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Emneth Hungate
Emneth Hungate is a small settlement near the village of Emneth in Norfolk, England, near the border with Cambridgeshire. It once had its own railway station on the now-closed line between Watlington and Wisbech.

Emneth railway station
Emneth was a railway station, near Wisbech, which served the village of Emneth, Norfolk.  The station was opened in 1848 as an extension of the East Anglian Railway's line from Magdalen Road station (now known as Watlington) to Wisbech East. In 1872 Elizabeth Pearce, twelve year-old daughter of a nearby crossing keeper, drowned in the 'Tea-water pit'.  The station's location, like that of the neighbouring Middle Drove station, was fairly rural and the line eventually closed in 1968. In October 1942, a hoard of Roman silver coins together with fragments of an urn in which they were stored was found near the station. Emneth's station building survived closure, and has since been converted into a private residence.
4-Thiouracil
4-Thiouracil is a heterocyclic organic compound having a pyrimidine skeleton. It is a derivative of the nucleobase uracil with a sulfur instead of oxygen in position 4. It is found naturally in the 4-thiouridine nucleoside.

Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine (C4H4N2; /pɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn, paɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn/) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (C5H5N). One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.: 250  The other diazines are pyrazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 4 positions) and pyridazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions).

In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).
4C +26.42
4C +26.42 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation of Boötes. It has a redshift of 0.063, estimating the galaxy to be located 863 million light-years from Earth. It has an active galactic nucleus and is the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in Abell 1795, an X-ray luminous rich cluster (LX 1045 ergs s−1), with an estimated cooling-flow rate of 300 M yr−1.

Emission spectrum
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photons is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.
Kelly & Birchall
Kelly & Birchall, a partnership between Edward Birchall (1839 – 6 March 1903) and John Kelly (1840–1904), was an architectural practice based in Leeds, England, from 1886 to 1904 and specialising in churches in the Italianate and Gothic Revival styles.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on June 14.

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the 7 U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's 7 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including Governor of South Carolina.
Emile St. Godard
Emile St. Godard (15 August 1905 - 26 March 1948) was a Canadian dog musher and dog sled racer from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was a renowned musher in the 1920s and 1930s, with much of his fame derived from racing Leonard Seppala and his victory in the demonstration race at the 1932 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. In 1956 he became the only dog sled racer to be entered into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

Leonhard Seppala
Leonhard "Sepp" Seppala (/ˈlɛnərd ˈsɛpələ/; September 14, 1877 – January 28, 1967) was a Norwegian-Kven-American sled dog breeder, trainer and musher who with his dogs played a pivotal role in the 1925 serum run to Nome, and participated in the 1932 Winter Olympics. Seppala introduced the work dogs used by Native Siberians at the time to the American public. The breed came to be known as the Siberian Husky in the English-speaking world. The Leonhard Seppala Humanitarian Award, which honors excellence in sled dog care, is named in honour of him.: 64
St. Mark's Cathedral, Tuxtla Gutiérrez
St. Mark's Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de San Marcos), or also known as Tuxtla Gutiérrez Cathedral, is a Catholic church  in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, and seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuxtla.

It formerly served as church for a Dominican priory, and has been remodeled several times. The building as of 2016 was completed in 1965 when Pope Paul VI created the Diocese of Tuxtla.

The patronage of Saint Mark, patron saint of Tuxtla, dates from 1560, when Dominican friars of the convent in Tecpatán constructed the first Catholic church for this population and dedicated it to San Marcos Evangelista.

Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, or Tuxtla, (Spanish: [ˈtuɣstla ɣuˈtjeres] ⓘ, Nahuatl: [ˈtuʃt͡ɬa]) is the capital and the largest city of the Mexican southeastern state of Chiapas. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name, which is the most developed and populous in the state. A busy government, commercial and services-oriented city, Tuxtla had one of the fastest-growing rates in Mexico over the last 40 years. Unlike many other areas in Chiapas, it is not a major tourist attraction, but a transportation hub for tourists coming into the state, with a large airport and a bus terminal.
Montagu Stopford
General Sir Montagu George North Stopford, GCB, KBE, DSO, MC, DL (16 November 1892 – 10 March 1971) was a senior British Army officer who fought during both the First and Second World Wars. The latter he served in with distinction, commanding XXXIII Indian Corps in the Far East, where he served under General Sir William Slim, and played a significant role in the Burma Campaign, specifically during the Battle of Kohima in mid-1944.

56th (London) Infantry Division
The 56th (London) Infantry Division was a Territorial Army infantry division of the British Army, which served under several different titles and designations. The division served in the trenches of the Western Front during the First World War. Demobilised after the war, the division was reformed in 1920 and saw active service again in the Second World War in Tunisia and Italy. The division was again disbanded in 1946 and reformed first as an armoured formation and then as an infantry division before final disbandment in 1961.
Warhammer 40,000: Rites of War
Warhammer 40,000: Rites of War is a turn-based strategy game based on the Panzer General 2 engine by SSI. It is set in the fictional Warhammer 40,000 universe. It was produced by Games Workshop in 1999, and concerns the invasion of a Tyranid Hive fleet and the Eldar and Imperial efforts to defeat it. The game was re-released in 2015 on GOG.com.

Strategic Simulations
Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) was a video game developer and publisher of over 100 games from its founding in 1979 to its dissolution in 1994 (though the brand was in use until around 2002). The company focused on computer wargames then later added role-playing video games. SSI published the Panzer General series and the official video game adaptations of Dungeons & Dragons.
Yuracaré language
Yuracaré (also Yurakaré, Yurakar, Yuracare, Yurucare, Yuracar, Yurakare, Yurujuré, Yurújare) is an endangered language isolate of central Bolivia in  Cochabamba and Beni departments spoken by the Yuracaré people.

Speakers refer to their own language as Yurújare [juˈɹ̟uhaɹ̟e].: 1323

Chapare River
The Chapare River is a river in Bolivia, which is a tributary of the Mamoré River in the Amazon Basin. The river has its source at the confluence of Espíritu Santo River and San Mateo River in the Cochabamba Department at Villa Tunari. It is the main waterway of Chapare Province in central Bolivia.

San Matéo River and Espíritu Santo River confluence to form Chapare River at Villa Tunari
Detrit Sathian Gym
Detrit Sathian Gym (also spelled Dechrid, Dejrit; Thai: เดชฤทธิ์ เสถียรมวยไทยยิม) is a Thai Muay Thai kickboxer from the Khon Kaen province in Thailand. He is the IMC World Super Welterweight 154lbs. Champion. Detrit is also a former WPMF World 147lbs. Champion and interim WPMF World (160lbs) Champion.

He spent his early years studying under Samart Payakaroon.  He won his first world title in 2014 and won four additional titles after he transferred to Santhian Muay Thai training camp. He has compiled 175 professional matches including against big names of the sports such as Sasha Moisa and Sograw Petchyindee Academy.

In June 2019, Capitan Petchyindee Academy beat Detrit Santhian Muaythai Gym and won the vacant 154 lbs. Lumpinee Stadium Muay Thai World title.

In 2020, Detrit was ranked 11 super welterweight by WBC Muaythai.

As of September 2022, Detrit is ranked 5th in the Middleweight 72.575 kg (160lbs) by the World Muaythai Organization (WMO).

Oleksandr Moisa
Oleksandr Moisa (Ukrainian: Олександр Мойса; born September 10, 1994) is a Ukrainian mixed martial artist, Muay Thai and Lethwei fighter who has competed in ONE Championship and World Lethwei Championship. He is the former WMC Super welterweight World Champion in Muay Thai and the final WLC Light Middleweight World Champion in Lethwei.
Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
Zawiyet Sidi Brahim Boushaki (Arabic: زاوية سيدي إبراهيم البوسحاقي) or Zawiyet Thénia is a zawiya of the Rahmaniyya Sufi brotherhood located at Boumerdès Province, in the lower Kabylia region of Algeria.

Al-Muwatta
Al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (Arabic: الموطأ, 'the well-trodden path') or Muwatta Imam Malik (Arabic: موطأ الإمام مالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas. It is also the earliest extant example of a musannaf, referring to a genre of hadith compilation which arranges hadith topically.

Malik's best-known work, Al-Muwatta was the first legal work to incorporate and combine hadith and fiqh.
Bae (Keri Hilson song)
"Bae" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Keri Hilson, released as a single on March 27, 2025.  The song serves as the first single from We Need to Talk: Love, the first installment of her We Need to Talk album series. It marks Hilson's first single as a lead artist since 2011's "Lose Control (Let Me Down)".

Lose Control (Let Me Down)
"Lose Control (Let Me Down)" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Keri Hilson featuring Nelly, taken from her second studio album, No Boys Allowed (2010). The song was produced by Norwegian duo StarGate, who wrote the song with Nelly and Ester Dean. "Lose Control" was sent to rhythmic contemporary radio in the United States on May 10, 2011, as the album's fourth single.
University Teaching Hospital
The University Teaching Hospital (UTH), formerly Lusaka Hospital, is the biggest public tertiary hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. It is the largest hospital with 1,655 beds. It is a teaching hospital and, as such, is used to train local medical students, nurses and other health professionals. UTH is the main medical training institution in Zambia for doctors, nurses, clinical officers and other health professionals. It provides primary, secondary and tertiary care.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.