hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1961 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1961 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1961. Democratic incumbent Robert B. Meyner was term-limited and eligible to run for re-election. Democratic nominee Richard J. Hughes defeated Republican nominee James P. Mitchell with 50 percent of the vote. This was the last election until 2025 where the term-limited governor was succeeded by a member of their own party via election.

Primary elections were held on April 18, 1961. Richard J. Hughes won the Democratic nomination with nominal opposition after consolidating party organization support in February. In the Republican primary, U.S. labor secretary James P. Mitchell won the nomination over state senators Walter H. Jones and Wayne Dumont in a demonstration of the strength of U.S. senator Clifford P. Case over the party.

Charles W. Sandman Jr.
Charles William Sandman Jr. (October 23, 1921 – August 26, 1985) was an American politician who represented Cape May County in the New Jersey Senate from 1954 to 1966 and represented southern New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives from 1967 to 1975. A member of the Republican Party, Sandman ran for the Republican nomination for Governor of New Jersey thrice, losing to Wayne Dumont in 1965 and William T. Cahill in 1969. He finally received the nomination by defeating Cahill in 1973, but lost the election to Brendan Byrne in a historic landslide.
DnaN
dnaN is the gene that codes for the DNA clamp (also known as β sliding clamp) of DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes. The β clamp physically locks Pol III onto a DNA strand during replication to help increase its processivity. The eukaryotic equivalent to the β clamp is PCNA.

DNA clamp
A DNA clamp, also known as a sliding clamp, is a protein complex that serves as a processivity-promoting factor in DNA replication. As a critical component of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, the clamp protein binds DNA polymerase and prevents this enzyme from dissociating from the template DNA strand.  The clamp-polymerase protein–protein interactions are stronger and more specific than the direct interactions between the polymerase and the template DNA strand; because one of the rate-limiting steps in the DNA synthesis reaction is the association of the polymerase with the DNA template, the presence of the sliding clamp dramatically increases the number of nucleotides that the polymerase can add to the growing strand per association event. The presence of the DNA clamp can increase the rate of DNA synthesis up to 1,000-fold compared with a nonprocessive polymerase.
Roberta Gottlieb
Roberta Anne Gottlieb is an American oncologist, academic, and researcher. She is a Professor, and Vice-Chair of Translational Medicine in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and a Professor of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Gottlieb published over 150 papers and has 6 patents awarded. Her research primarily focuses on the molecular basis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and on developing ways to mitigate damage. She has given over 200 invited talks both at scientific conferences, professional organizations and for the general public.

Gottlieb is a Fellow of the International Society for Heart Research (FISHR), and the American Heart Association (FAHA), and was the Founder and CEO of Radical Therapeutix, from 2005 till 2014, and Co-Founder and Scientific Advisory Board Co-Chair, TissueNetix, from 2011 till 2018.

Reperfusion injury
Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).  The absence of oxygen and nutrients from blood during the ischemic period creates a condition in which the restoration of circulation results in inflammation and oxidative damage through the induction of oxidative stress rather than (or along with) restoration of normal function.

Reperfusion injury is distinct from cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (sometimes called "Reperfusion syndrome"), a state of abnormal cerebral vasodilation.
Urdevassfjell
Urdevassfjell  is a mountain located in Ringerike in Buskerud, Norway. The mountain is part of the Ådalsfjella range.  It is situated west of the north end of Høgfjell in Ådal and east of  Eidvatnet  in the village of  Strømsoddbygda.

Ringerike Municipality
Ringerike is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Ringerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Hønefoss.

The municipality of Ringerike was created on 1 January 1964 after the merger of the town of Hønefoss and the rural municipalities of Hole, Norderhov, Tyristrand, and Ådal. However, the area of Hole was removed from the municipality of Ringerike on 1 January 1977 to become a separate municipality once again. The historic area of Ringerike included not just the modern municipality of Ringerike but also Hole and Krødsherad, Modum, and Sigdal.
Ignatius Datong Longjan
Ignatius Datong Longjan (19 May 1944 – 10 February 2020) was a Nigerian diplomat and politician who served as the senator representing the Plateau South senatorial district from 2019 until his death in 2020. He previously served as the deputy governor of Plateau State from 2011 to 2015.

Deputy governor of Plateau State
The deputy governor of Plateau State is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Plateau State, Nigeria, after the governor of Plateau State, and ranks first in line of succession. The deputy governor is directly elected together with the governor to a four-year term of office.

Josephine Piyo is the current deputy governor, having assumed office on 29 May 2023.
Prost JS45
The Prost JS45 also known as the Ligier JS45 (prior to Alain Prost buying the team) was the Formula One racing car constructed by Ligier with which the Prost team competed in the 1997 Formula One World Championship, and the first Prost-badged car following Alain Prost's acquisition of Ligier in February 1997.

Équipe Ligier
Équipe Ligier (French: [e.kip li.ʒje]) is a motorsport team, best known for its Formula One team that operated from 1976 to 1996. The team was founded in 1968 by French former rugby union player and former Formula One driver Guy Ligier as a sports car manufacturer.
Lebogang Ramalepe
Lebogang Ester Ramalepe (also Lebohang; born 3 December 1991) is a South African professional soccer player who plays as a defender for SAFA Women's League club Mamelodi Sundowns and the South Africa women's national team.

She captained Ma-Indies Ladies to a second place finish at the 2019 Sasol League National Championship and was voted player of the tournament.

Ramalepe was voted the 2024 SAFA Women's League Player's Player of the Season.

2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations
The 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations (officially known as the Total Women's Africa Cup Of Nations, Ghana 2018) was the 13th edition of the Africa Women Cup of Nations (formerly African Women's Championship), the biennial international football championship organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for the women's national teams of Africa. The tournament was held in Ghana, from 17 November to 1 December 2018.

The tournament also doubled as the African qualifiers to the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. The top three teams qualified for the World Cup in France.

Nigeria, the two-time defending champions, won the tournament for their third consecutive and a record-extending 9th overall Africa Women Cup of Nations title.
2019 Namibian general election
General elections were held in Namibia on 27 November 2019. Ballots were cast using electronic voting. A total of eleven candidates ran for the presidency and fifteen political parties contested the National Assembly elections.

Hage Geingob of SWAPO was re-elected to the presidency, although his vote share was reduced from 87% in 2014 to 56%, their lowest vote share for a presidential election in the party's history. SWAPO also retained their majority in the National Assembly, but lost their two-thirds supermajority. SWAPO had held a two-thirds majority since the 1994 elections.

National Assembly (Namibia)
The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Namibia's bicameral Parliament. Its laws must be approved by the National Council, the upper house. Since 2014, it has a total of 104 members. 96 members are directly elected through a system of closed list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Eight additional members are appointed by the President. Since March 2025, SWAPO member Saara Kuugongelwa has been the Speaker of the National Assembly.

Namibia's National Assembly emerged on Independence Day on 21 March 1990 from the Constituent Assembly of Namibia, following the elections of November 1989. That election, under guidelines established by the United Nations, included foreign observers in an effort to ensure a free and fair election process. The current National Assembly was formed following elections on 27 November 2024.
Parkway (ward)
Parkway was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Islington from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned three councillors to Islington London Borough Council. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Islington electoral division from 1965 and then the Islington North division from 1973.

London Borough of Islington
The London Borough of Islington (/ˈɪzlɪŋtən/ ⓘ IZ-ling-tən) is a borough in North London, England. Forming part of Inner London, Islington has an estimated population of 215,667. It was formed in 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, by the amalgamation of the metropolitan boroughs of Islington and Finsbury.

The new entity remains the second smallest borough in London and the third-smallest district in England. The borough contains two Westminster parliamentary constituencies; Islington North, represented by former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, and Islington South & Finsbury represented by Labour MP Emily Thornberry. The local authority is Islington Council. The borough is home to football club Arsenal, one of the Premier League clubs in England, and its home Emirates Stadium.
Ryki County
Ryki County (Polish: powiat rycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Ryki, which lies 62 kilometres (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin. The only other town in the county is Dęblin, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Ryki.

The county covers an area of 615.54 square kilometres (237.7 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 59,919, including a population of 16,026 in Dęblin, 9,625 in Ryki, and a rural population of 30,268.

Dęblin
Dęblin [ˈdɛmblʲin] ⓘ is a town at the confluence of Vistula and Wieprz rivers, in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. Dęblin is the part of the agglomeration with adjacent towns of Ryki and Puławy, which together have over 100,000 inhabitants. The population of the town itself is 15,505 (December 2021). Dęblin is part of the historic region of Lesser Poland. Since 1927 it has been the home of the chief Polish Air Force Academy (Polish: Lotnicza Akademia Wojskowa), and as such Dęblin is one of the most important places associated with aviation in Poland. The town is also a key railroad junction, located along the major Warsaw – Kyiv line, with two additional connections stemming from Dęblin – one westwards to Radom, and another one northeast to Łuków.
Governor's Cup (Kentucky)
The Governor's Cup is a trophy awarded to the victor of the annual college football game between the University of Kentucky (program started in 1881) and the University of Louisville (program started in 1912) in the commonwealth of Kentucky; it is also used as a reference to the rivalry itself. The annual matchup for the Governor's Cup began in 1994.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Stephen Foster's sketchbook
Stephen Foster's sketchbook is the hand-written book authored by early American composer and lyricist Stephen Collins Foster. It spans a nine-year period beginning on June 26, 1851. It was donated to the University of Pittsburgh Library System by the Foster family in the early 1930s. The National History Education Clearinghouse considers it a " useful resource for those researching Foster or the history of 19th-century American music and culture."

Stephen Foster
Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826 – January 13, 1864), known as "the father of American music", was an American composer known primarily for his parlour and folk music during the Romantic period. Foster wrote more than 200 songs, including "Oh! Susanna", "Hard Times Come Again No More", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home" ("Swanee River"), "My Old Kentucky Home", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", "Old Black Joe", and "Beautiful Dreamer". Many of his compositions remain popular today.
William Wiggins House
The William Wiggins House, also known as the Dr. J. D. Nichols House, is a historic house in Benton, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built in the 1840s for William Wiggins, a justice of the peace. It was one of the few houses in the county built with bricks as opposed to timber at the time. It was owned by Dr. J. D. Nichols from 1905 to 1930. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 2, 1993.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County, Tennessee
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County, Tennessee.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Polk County, Tennessee, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 18 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 23, 2026.
Danish Medicines Agency
The Danish Medicines Agency (Danish: Lægemiddelstyrelsen) is an agency under the Danish Ministry of Health and Prevention.

The purpose of the agency is to ensure that medicinal products used in Denmark are of satisfactory quality, are safe to use and that they have the desired effect.  It supervises companies manufacturing and distributing medicinal products. This is done through administering the Danish legislation on medicinal products, reimbursement, pharmacies, medical devices and euphoriants. The Agency takes part in the Danish innovation system Biopeople at the University of Copenhagen.

Ministry of Health (Denmark)
The Danish Ministry of Health (Danish: Sundhedsministeriet) is a Danish governmental ministry responsible for healthcare policy in Denmark. First created as an independent ministry in 1926, it has at various times been combined with the Ministry of the Interior as the Ministry of Interior and Health, most recently in 2022-, and has had various names. The current Minister for Health is Sophie Løhde, and the Permanent Secretary since 11 January 2021 is Svend Særkjær.
Muslim Atayev
Muslim Atayev (June 24, 1973 – January 27, 2005), also known as Emir Sayfullah, was the founder of the militant organization Yarmuk Jamaat, which later became part of the Caucasus Front's Kabardino-Balkarian Sector in the Russian-held Caucasian Muslim state Kabardino-Balkaria of the Second Chechen War. Atayev was an ethnic Balkar and started his military career as a volunteer fighting in Chechnya.

Institute for War and Peace Reporting
The Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR) is an independent nonprofit organization that  trains and provide publishing opportunities for professional and citizen journalists. IWPR is registered in the UK as a charity (charity reg. no: 1027201, company reg. no: 2744185); the US under IRS Section 501(c)(3) and NL as a charitable foundation.
Gauss's law
In electromagnetism, Gauss's law, also known as Gauss's flux theorem or sometimes Gauss's theorem, is one of Maxwell's equations. It is an application of the divergence theorem, and it relates the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field.

Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the rate that the vector field alters the volume in an infinitesimal neighborhood of each point. (In 2D this "volume" refers to area.) More precisely, the divergence at a point is the rate that the flow of the vector field modifies a volume about the point in the limit, as a small volume shrinks down to the point.

As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value.
Cantor's diagonal argument
Cantor's diagonal argument (among various similar names) is a mathematical proof that there are infinite sets which cannot be put into one-to-one correspondence with the infinite set of natural numbers – informally, that there are sets which in some sense contain more elements than there are positive integers.  Such sets are now called uncountable sets, and the size of infinite sets is treated by the theory of cardinal numbers, which Cantor began.

Georg Cantor published this proof in 1891,: 20–  but it was not his first proof of the uncountability of the real numbers, which appeared in 1874.
However, it demonstrates a general technique that has since been used in a wide range of proofs, including the first of Gödel's incompleteness theorems and Turing's answer to the Entscheidungsproblem.  Diagonalization arguments are often also the source of contradictions like Russell's paradox and Richard's paradox.: 27

Axiom schema of specification
In many popular versions of axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of specification, also known as the axiom schema of separation (Aussonderungsaxiom), subset axiom, axiom of class construction, or axiom schema of restricted comprehension is an axiom schema.  Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set.

Some mathematicians refer to this axiom as the axiom schema of comprehension, although others reserve that term only for unrestricted comprehension; this axiom is a "restricted" version of unrestricted comprehension. Because restricting comprehension avoids Russell's paradox, several mathematicians including Zermelo, Fraenkel, and Gödel considered it the most important axiom of set theory.
Aaron Brink
Aaron Franklin Brink (November 12, 1974 – May 26, 2023), also known by his stage name Dick Delaware, was an American professional mixed martial artist and pornographic film actor who competed in the Light Heavyweight division. He competed for King of the Cage, RINGS, UFC and World Extreme Cagefighting. Out of 57 career bouts, only one went to decision.

Brink has appeared in episodes of Intervention and Divorce Court and portrayed Electro in Spider-Man XXX: A Porn Parody (2011).

He was the father of Anderson Lee Aldrich, who was convicted of perpetrating the Club Q shooting in November 2022.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
Carex fuscolutea
Carex fuscolutea is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of northern Mexico.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann Otto Boeckeler in 1886 as a part of the work Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
2024 4 Hours of Abu Dhabi
The 2024 4 Hours of Abu Dhabi was an endurance sportscar racing event held between 9 and 11 February 2024 at Yas Marina Circuit on Yas Island, United Arab Emirates. It was penultimate and the last round of 2023–24 Asian Le Mans Series season.

2023–24 Asian Le Mans Series
The 2023–24 Asian Le Mans Series was the twelfth season of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's Asian Le Mans Series. It is the fourth 24 Hours of Le Mans-based series created by the ACO, following the American Le Mans Series (since merged with the Rolex Sports Car Series to form the United SportsCar Championship), the European Le Mans Series and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The five-event season began at the Sepang International Circuit in Sepang on 2 December 2023 and concluded at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi on 11 February 2024.
Teichfuss Orione
The Teichfuss Orione (English: Orion) was an Italian high performance single seat glider, designed by Luigi Teichfuss. It made a six-hour record flight and also flew as the Italian representative at the 1936 Olympics.

Trailing edge
The trailing edge of an aerodynamic surface such as a wing is its rear edge, where the airflow separated by the leading edge meets. Essential flight control surfaces are attached here to control the direction of the departing air flow, and exert a controlling force on the aircraft. Such control surfaces include ailerons on the wings for roll control, elevators on the tailplane controlling pitch, and the rudder on the fin controlling yaw. Elevators and ailerons may be combined as elevons on tailless aircraft.

The shape of the trailing edge is of prime importance in the aerodynamic function of any aerodynamic surface. A sharp trailing edge is always employed in an airfoil. George Batchelor has written about:

“ ... the remarkable controlling influence exerted by the sharp trailing edge of an aerofoil on the circulation.”