hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Devious lick
The devious lick (also known as a diabolical lick, dastardly lick, or nefarious lick, among other names) is a destructive social media trend in which middle- and high-school students posted videos of themselves stealing, vandalizing, or displaying items they stole from their school, typically from a bathroom (or, in some cases, merely pretending to have done so). The trend went viral on TikTok in 2021 and resulted in the arrests of several students, as well as warnings issued by police departments. It was reported in schools in Canada, Australia, the United States, and Germany.

Theft
Theft (from Old English  þeofð, cognate to thief) is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word theft is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as larceny, robbery, embezzlement, extortion, blackmail, or receiving stolen property. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, while in others, theft is defined more narrowly. A person who engages in theft is known as a thief (pl. thieves).

Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria.
Ferdinando Fuga
Ferdinando Fuga (11 November 1699 – 7 February 1782) was an Italian architect who was born in Florence, and is known for his work in Rome and Naples. Much of his early work was in Rome, notably, the Palazzo della Consulta (1732–7) at the Quirinal, the Palazzo Corsini (1736–54), the façade of the Santa Maria Maggiore (1741–3), and the Church of Sant'Apollinare (1742–8). He later moved to Naples and notably designed the Albergo de' Poveri (an enormous work-house) (1751–81), the façade of the Church of the Gerolamini, and that of the Palazzo Giordano (both c.1780,).

Corsini family
The House of Corsini is the name of an old and influential Italian princely family, originally from Florence, whose members were elected to many important political and ecclesiastical positions, including that of Pope.
Miesque
Miesque (/ˈmiːɛsk/ MEE-esk; March 14, 1984 – January 20, 2011) was a champion Thoroughbred racemare. At age three, she was a dual Classic winner in France and Britain, then went on to win the Breeders' Cup Mile in America. Her four-year-old campaign was highlighted by another win in the Mile, making her the first horse to win two consecutive Breeders' Cup races. She was a Group One/Grade I (G1) winner at two, three and four-years-old, for a total of 10 G1 wins. She was inducted into the American Racing Hall of Fame in 1999.

Miesque was equally successful as a broodmare, producing five stakes winners including French Classic winners Kingmambo and East of the Moon.

Prix du Moulin de Longchamp
The Prix du Moulin de Longchamp is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test
The Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision test is a color vision test often used to test for color blindness. The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system. There are several variations of the test, one featuring 100 color hues and one featuring 15 color hues. Originally taken in an analog environment with physical hue tiles, the test is now taken from computer consoles. An accurate quantification of color vision accuracy is particularly important to designers, photographers and colorists, who all rely on accurate color vision to produce quality content.

Gamma correction
Gamma correction or gamma is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance in video or images.

Gamma correction is, in the simplest cases, defined by the following power-law expression:

where the non-negative real input value  is raised to the power  and multiplied by the constant A to get the output value . In the common case of A = 1, inputs and outputs are typically in the range 0–1.

A gamma value  is sometimes called an encoding gamma, and the process of encoding with this compressive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma compression; conversely, a gamma value  is called a decoding gamma, and the application of the expansive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma expansion.
51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot
The 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot  was a British Army line infantry regiment, raised in 1755. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry) to form the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in 1881.

Battle of Ali Masjid
The Battle of Ali Masjid, which took place on 21 November 1878, was the opening battle in the Second Anglo-Afghan War between the British forces, under Lieutenant-General Sir Samuel James Browne, and the Afghan forces, under Ghulam Haider Khan. The perceived offence of an Afghan general's refusal to allow a British envoy entrance to the country was used as an excuse to attack the fortress of Ali Masjid, as the opening battle in the war. Despite numerous setbacks, including half the troops getting lost or delayed and missing the battle entirely, the British were lucky that the Afghans abandoned their position overnight.
William Cox (bishop)
William Jackson Cox (January 24, 1921 – January 17, 2025) was an American Episcopalian bishop. Made a bishop in 1972, he served first as suffragan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland and then as assistant bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Oklahoma. A theological conservative within the Episcopal Church, in his retirement, he played a role in the Anglican realignment. Cox performed ordinations and confirmations without the permission of Episcopal bishops, resulting in his deposition from ministry in 2008 and his affiliation with the Anglican Province of the Southern Cone and eventually the Anglican Church in North America.

Episcopal Diocese of Maryland
The Episcopal Diocese of Maryland forms part of Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Having been divided twice, it no longer includes all of Maryland and now consists of the central, northern, and western Maryland counties of Allegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Carroll, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, Howard, and Washington, as well as the independent city of Baltimore.

The diocese reported 36,479 members in 2017 and 25,905 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 97 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $23,105,051. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 6,160 persons.
1967 International Cross Country Championships
The 1967 International Cross Country Championships was held in Barry, Wales, on 18 March 1967. For the first time, an official women's competition was held.  A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results for men, junior men,  women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.

Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
Barry (/ˈbæri/; Welsh: Y Barri; pronounced [ə ˈbari]) is a town and community in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It is on the north coast of the Bristol Channel approximately 9 miles (14 km) south-southwest of Cardiff. Barry is a seaside resort, with attractions including several beaches and the resurrected Barry Island Pleasure Park. According to Office for National Statistics 2021 estimate data, the population of Barry was 56,605.

The town of Barry has absorbed its larger neighbouring villages of Cadoxton and Barry Island. It grew significantly from the 1880s with the development of Barry Docks, which, in 1913, was the largest coal port in the world.
Reassignment method
The method of reassignment  is a technique for sharpening a time-frequency representation (e.g. spectrogram or the short-time Fourier transform) by mapping the data to time-frequency coordinates that are nearer to the true region of support of the analyzed signal. The method has been independently introduced by several parties under various names, including method of reassignment, remapping, time-frequency reassignment, and modified moving-window method. The method of reassignment sharpens blurry time-frequency data by relocating the data according to local estimates of instantaneous frequency and group delay. This mapping to reassigned time-frequency coordinates is very precise for signals that are separable in time and frequency with respect to the analysis window.

Spectrogram
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. 
When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called waterfall displays.

Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing, seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals.

A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram).

A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness.
Koloman Bedeković
Koloman Bedeković (Hungarian: Kálmán Bedekovich; 13 October 1818 – 10 August 1889) was a Croatian politician, who served as Minister without portfolio of Croatian Affairs twice: between 1868 and 1871 and between 1876 and 1889. He had a significant role in the creation of Croatian-Hungarian Agreement. In 1871 he was appointed Ban of Croatia-Slavonia.

Bedeković was the leader of the Croatian Unionist Party and fought against his country's independence. As ban he called parliamentary elections in 1871. The People's Party emerged victorious, causing Bedeković to prorogue the Parliament of Croatia three times to prevent it from taking power. Dissatisfaction with the obstruction of parliament led to the Rakovica Revolt. Early elections were subsequently called for 1872. The failure of Bedeković to convene the previous parliament resulted in his removal from the post of ban and replacement with the first non-noble ban, Ivan Mažuranić.

Ban of Croatia
Ban of Croatia (Croatian: Hrvatski ban) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually became the chief government officials in Croatia.

They were at the head of the Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban persisted until the first half of the 20th century, when it was officially superseded in function by that of a parliamentary prime minister.
Rheine-Bentlage Air Base
Rheine-Bentlage Air Base (German: Heeresflugplatz Rheine-Bentlage) (ICAO: ETHE) was an air base of the German Armed Forces and located near the village of Bentlage, 2 km northwest of the city of Rheine, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Defence (German: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ fɐˈtaɪdɪɡʊŋ] ⓘ; abbreviated BMVg) is a top-level federal agency, headed by the Federal Minister of Defence as a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The ministry is headquartered at the Hardthöhe barracks itself located at the Hardthöhe district in Bonn and has a second office in the Bendlerblock building in Berlin, which is occasionally used as a metonym to denote the entire Ministry.

According to Article 65a of the German Constitution (Grundgesetz), the Federal Minister of Defence is Commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr, the German armed forces, with around 260,953 active soldiers and civilians. Article 115b decrees that in the state of defence, declared by the Bundestag with consent of the Bundesrat, the command in chief passes to the Chancellor. The ministry currently has approximately 2,000 employees.
Ruud
Ruud and Rud are surnames of Norwegian origin. Both are also Norwegian place names of numerous farmsteads named Rud or Ruud from Old Norse ruð meaning clearing. Ruud is also a Dutch masculine given name meaning "famous wolf" although it is also often short for Rudolf.

Edwin Ruud
Edwin Ruud (9 June 1854 – 9 December 1932) was a Norwegian-American mechanical engineer and inventor who immigrated to the United States where he designed, sold, and popularized the tankless water heater. He was the founder and President of Ruud Manufacturing Company, now a division of Rheem Manufacturing Company.
Karaköy Pier
Karaköy Pier (Turkish: Karaköy iskelesi) is a ferry landing on the Golden Horn in Beyoğlu, Istanbul. Located along Rıhtım Avenue, just east of the Galata Bridge, Şehir Hatları operates many ferries from Karaköy to Kadıköy, Bostancı, Üsküdar and to piers along the Golden Horn, as far west as Eyüp.

Karaköy pier first opened in 1959, replacing an older pier on the Galata Bridge, and has been rebuilt three times since. It is located on the southern shore of the historic Galata neighborhood, known today as Karaköy. Connections to the historic Tünel funicular railway, Istanbul Tram and IETT city bus service is available, as well as connection to private Turyol ferry service at the nearby Turyol pier on the west side of the Galata Bridge.

Tünel
The Tünel (English: Tunnel, designated as the F2 line on the Istanbul transport map) is a historic underground rubber-tyred funicular line in Istanbul, Turkey. It has two stations, connecting Karaköy and Beyoğlu. The tunnel runs uphill from near the confluence of the Golden Horn with the Bosphorus and is about 573 metres (1,880 feet) long. It was inaugurated on 17 January 1875, making it the second oldest underground urban railway in the world, after the London Underground (1863).
Luther Lassiter
Luther Clement Lassiter Jr. (November 5, 1918 – October 25, 1988), nicknamed Wimpy, was an American pool player from Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The winner of seven world pocket billiard championships and numerous other titles, Lassiter is most well known for his wizardry in the game of nine-ball and is widely considered one of the greatest players in history, He was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame in 1983. That same year, he was also inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame. He was ranked number 9 on the Billiards Digest 50 Greatest Players of the Century.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Legend – Metal Galaxy
Legend – Metal Galaxy is the ninth live video album by Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal. The video contains footage from a pair of performances at Makuhari Messe in January 2020 as part of the Metal Galaxy World Tour, and was released on September 9, 2020 in Japan by BMD Fox Records and Toy's Factory. A pair of live albums (subtitled Day 1 and Day 2) were also released the same day, being available through streaming platforms and digital download internationally.

Suzuka Nakamoto
Suzuka Nakamoto (Japanese: 中元 すず香, Hepburn: Nakamoto Suzuka; pronunciationⓘ; born December 20, 1997), better known by her stage name Su-metal, is a Japanese singer. She is best known as a member of the kawaii metal band Babymetal and was formerly a member of the idol groups Karen Girl's and Sakura Gakuin. She is represented by the talent agency Amuse Inc.
Ten principal disciples
The ten principal disciples were the main disciples of Gautama Buddha. Depending on the scripture, the disciples included in this group vary. In many Mahāyāna discourses, these ten disciples are mentioned, but in differing order. The ten disciples can be found  as an iconographic group in notable places in the Mogao Caves. They are mentioned in Chinese texts from the fourth century BCE until the twelfth century CE, and are the most honored of the groups of disciples, especially so in China and Central Asia. The ten disciples are mentioned in the Mahāyāna text Vimalakīrti-nideśa, among others. Zhi Dun referred to them as the "Ten Wise Ones" (Chinese: 十哲, romanized: shí zhé), a term normally used for the disciples of Confucius.

Upasampadā
Upasampadā (Pali) literally denotes "approaching or nearing the ascetic tradition." In more common parlance it specifically refers to the rite and ritual of ascetic vetting (ordination) by which a candidate, if deemed acceptable, enters the community as upasampadān (ordained) and is authorised to undertake ascetic life.

According to Buddhist monastic codes (Vinaya), a person must be 20 years old in order to become a monk or nun. A person under the age of 20 years cannot undertake upasampadā (i.e., become a monk (bhikkhu) or nun (bhikkhuni)), but can become a novice (m. samanera, f. samaneri). After a year or at the age of 20, a novice will be considered for upasampadā.

Traditionally, the upasampadā ritual is performed within a well-demarcated and consecrated area called sima (sima malaka) and needs to be attended by a specified number of monks: "ten or even five in a remoter area".
Marcus Kann
Marcus Kann  (1820 in Vienna – February 3, 1886) was an Austrian chess player. He and Horatio Caro jointly analysed and published their analysis of the chess opening later to-be-called Caro–Kann Defence (1.e4 c6) in the German Brüderschaft magazine in 1886.

During the 4th German Chess Congress in Hamburg in May 1885, Kann defeated German-British champion Jacques Mieses with the Caro–Kann Defence (ECO B12) in 24 moves. This game by Kann was added to the final tournament book, but his games from the main tournament, where he earned four points from seven games, failing to qualify to win his group, remain unpublished.

The magazine Deutsche Schachzeitung (1886, p. 128) published a short obituary after his death.

Jacques Mieses
Jacques Mieses (born Jacob Mieses; 27 February 1865 – 23 February 1954) was a German chess player. Mieses, who was Jewish, fled the Nazi regime in 1938 and later became a British citizen.p258 He was one of the inaugural recipients of the title International Grandmaster from FIDE in 1950.
Ruth Thorne-Thomsen
Ruth Tenney Thorne-Thomsen (May 13, 1943 – October 27, 2025) was an American photographer who resided in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Important collections of her work are held by the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Nelson-Atkins Museum, and the Art Institute of Chicago. She was married to the photographer Ray K. Metzker until his death in 2014.

Pinhole camera
A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny aperture (the so-called pinhole)—effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscura  effect. The size of the images depends on the distance between the object and the pinhole and the distance between pinhole and screen.

A Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day is observed on the last Sunday of April, every year.
History of guerrilla warfare
The history of guerrilla warfare stretches back to ancient history. While guerrilla tactics can be viewed as a natural continuation of prehistoric warfare, the Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu, in his The Art of War (6th century BCE), was the earliest to propose the use of guerrilla warfare. This directly inspired the development of modern guerrilla warfare. Communist leaders like Mao Zedong and North Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh both implemented guerrilla warfare in the style of Sun Tzu, which served as a model for similar strategies elsewhere, such as the Cuban "foco" theory and the anti-Soviet Mujahadeen in Afghanistan. While the tactics of modern guerrilla warfare originate in the 20th century, irregular warfare, using elements later characteristic of modern guerrilla warfare, has existed throughout the battles of many ancient civilizations.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 19 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Brendan Hansen of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.

2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 18 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place.  The last champion was Kosuke Kitajima of Japan.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.
Terdiek
Terdiek is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 7 km northeast of Heerhugowaard.

Terdiek is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Nieuwe Niedorp. Since 2017, it has place name signs. Terdiek was home to 42 people in 1840. Nowadays, it consists of about 40 houses.

Heerhugowaard
Heerhugowaard (Dutch: [ˌɦeːrɦyɣoːˈʋaːrt] ⓘ; West Frisian Dutch: Heerhugoweard, Heregeweard or De Weard) is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West Friesland.

Heerhugowaard was previously a separate municipality, which merged with the former municipality of Langedijk into the new municipality of Dijk en Waard on 1 January 2022.
Wiwat Rojanapithayakorn
Wiwat Rojanapithayakorn (Thai: วิวัฒน์ โรจนพิทยากร) (born, 25 October 1950) is a Thai public health official known for developing the 100% condom program in Thailand in 1989. He first pioneered the program as the director of Thailand's Office of Communicable Disease Control in Ratchaburi, and while he was the director of the country's Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS. He, together with Mechai Viravaidya, won the Prince Mahidol Award in 2009 for this work. He later served as the leader of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS team in Beijing, China.

Mechai Viravaidya
Mechai Viravaidya (born 17 January 1941, Thai: มีชัย วีระไวทยะ; RTGS: Michai Wirawaithaya) is a former politician and activist in Thailand known for promoting condoms, family planning, and AIDS awareness. Since the 1970s, Mechai has been affectionately called "Mr. Condom", and condoms are often referred to as "mechais" in Thailand. From the time that he began his work, the average number of children in Thai families has decreased from 7 to 1.5. He has been credited with leading efforts that improved the lives of millions of people.