hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mentone, Texas
Mentone (/ˌmɛnˈtoʊn/) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Loving County, Texas, United States. As of 2020, its population was 22, up from 19 in 2010, almost one-quarter of the county's 82 people at the time.

Mentone was, until recent years, the least-populated unincorporated county seat in the United States, but lost that distinction with the 2010 census to Gann Valley, South Dakota, which had a population of 14. Mentone was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1967 as the "Smallest County Seat in Texas".

Pecos, Texas
Pecos (/ˈpeɪkəs/ PAY-kəs) is the largest city in and the county seat of Reeves County, Texas, United States. It is in the valley on the west bank of the Pecos River at the eastern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert, in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas and just south of New Mexico's border. Its population was 12,916 at the 2020 census. On January 24, 2012, Pecos City appeared on the Forbes 400 as the second-fastest growing small town in the United States. The city is a regional commercial center for ranching, oil and gas production, and agriculture. The city is most recognized for its association with the local cultivation of cantaloupes. Pecos claims to be the site of the world's first rodeo on July 4, 1883.
Frederick Stafford
Frederick Stafford (born Friedrich Strobel von Stein; 11 March 1928 – 28 July 1979) was a Slovak-Australian actor. He was known as a leading man in Eurospy films, particularly as Hubert Bonnisseur de la Bath / OSS 117, and for his starring role in the Alfred Hitchcock film Topaz (1969).

Slovak Australians
Slovak Australians are Australian citizens of full or partial Slovak ancestry or a person born in Slovakia who resides in Australia. Approximately 12,000 residents in Australia report to have Slovak ancestry.
2004–05 Australian Athletics Championships
The 2004–05 Australian Athletics Championships was the 83rd edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Australia. It was held from 4–6 March 2005 at the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre in Sydney. It served as a selection meeting for Australia at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. The 10,000 metres event took place separately at the Zatopek 10K on 4 December 2004 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne. Relay events were contested in Canberra on 6 February 2005.

Australian Athletics Championships
The Australian Athletics Championships or Australian Open Track and Field Championships are held annually to determine Australia's champion athletes in a range of athletics events.  The championships are the primary qualification trial for athletes wishing to compete at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or World Championships. The event is conducted by Australian Athletics.

The 2023 Australian Championships were the 100th edition of the event, which dates back to 1890 for men, and 1931 for women. These championships has been held in all states of Australia, with the Queensland Sport & Athletics Centre being the venue that has held the most editions of the event (12).

Initially, men’s and women’s events were held separately, in different places, until the Olympic selections of 1972 and 1976, and as a single event since 1978.

These championships are considered open: athletes from other countries such as New Zealand and the USA have competed in and won events.
Rhizocarpon geographicum
Rhizocarpon geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field.

When circular, or roughly circular, the diameter of this lichen species has been widely used to help determining the relative age of deposits, e.g. moraine systems, thus revealing evidence of glacial advances. The process is termed lichenometry.

Psoromic acid
Psoromic acid is a β-orcinol depsidone with the molecular formula C18H14O8. Its depsidone structure was conclusively confirmed by spectroscopic and degradative studies in 1976. The compound is most commonly found in Antarctic lichens and has demonstrated antiviral properties in laboratory studies. The first total synthesis of this lichen product was reported in 1979.
Federated Malay States Railways
The Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR) was a consolidated railway operator in British Malaya (present day Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) during the first half of the 20th century. Named after the then recently formed Federated Malay States in 1896 and founded five years after the formation of the federation, the company acquired various railways that were developed separately in various parts of Malaya, and oversaw the largest expansion and integration of the colonial rail network encompassing the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States (except Trengganu) and the Straits Settlements, with lines spanning from Singapore in the south to Padang Besar (near the border with Siam) in the north.

Robert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823 in Forth Street, Newcastle upon Tyne in England. It was the first company in the world created specifically to build railway engines.

Famous early locomotives were Locomotion No. 1 and Rocket. By 1899, 3,000 locomotives had been built at the Forth Street site, and a new company was formed, Robert Stephenson and Company Limited, and the Darlington works was opened.

In 1937, the company merged with Hawthorn Leslie to form Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns. In 1944, they became part of English Electric.
1977 Oregon Ducks football team
The 1977 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. Oregon was a member of the Pac-8 Conference and home games were played at Autzen Stadium in Eugene. Led by first-year head coach Rich Brooks, Oregon was 2–9 overall and 1–6 in conference play.

Autzen Stadium
Autzen Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Located north of the University of Oregon campus, it is the home field of the Oregon Ducks of the Big Ten Conference. Opened in 1967, the stadium has undergone several expansions. The official seating capacity is presently 54,000 to 60,000 (with SRO); however, the actual attendance regularly exceeds that figure.
Louie Ignacio
Luisito Lagdameo Ignacio (born April 2, 1968), professionally known as Louie Ignacio is a Filipino television director, film director, music video director, and painter. He studied AB Mass Communication in Centro Escolar University.

Ignacio also directs indie films including 2014 film Asintado which earned nominations in the International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema and Gold Remi in the family/children's category on the 48th WorldFest Houston (Texas) International Film Festival, and Child Haus which won Best Child Film at the Dhaka International Film Festival in Bangladesh.

Ignacio is also a painter and displays exhibits of his works.

He is best known for directing GMA Network's defunct variety shows like SOP and Party Pilipinas, where he later resigned weeks after the latter's premiere. Ignacio is currently serving as the director of GMA programs such as TiktoClock, and The Clash.

Rita Daniela
Rita Daniela de Guzman Iringan (born September 15, 1995), popularly known as Rita Daniela (Tagalog: [ˈɾitɐ dɐˈɲɛlɐ]), is a Filipino actress, singer and television host. She won as the Grand Champion in the first season of Popstar Kids and has been tagged as "The Undeniable Star" for her soulful singing voice and versatile acting career.

In 2018, she gained recognition for her role as Susan "Aubrey" Palomares in the top-rated television drama My Special Tatay alongside Ken Chan, which spawned a popular love team between the two.

Daniela was one of the Journey Hosts in The Clash beginning from the second season until its fourth season. She is currently one of the main hosts in the musical-comedy variety show, All-Out Sundays.
Swasthani Barta (Fast)
Shree Swasthani is a Hindu goddess (Parameshwari) and is responsible for the good fortune, welfare and power. She is mostly worshipped in Nepal in the holy month from poush Shukla purnima to magh Shukla purnima with dedicated rituals. Following such rituals within this holy month brought many wishes to be fruitful for many. Through the reciting of story, we can find out the changes in fate provided by Goddess in the lives of several persons. But there are much more people who worships and have been satisfied by her blessings. She is a mother who loves you so much that, she will not take you go wrong path no matter the steps she takes for so. She is the creator of this universe..

Ishvari
Ishvari (Sanskrit: ईश्वरी, IAST: Īśvarī) is a Hindu epithet of Sanskrit origin, referring to the Goddess, the divine female counterpart of Ishvara. It is also a term that refers to the shakti, or the feminine energy of the Trimurti, which refer to Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Parvati.
Pleurotus fuscosquamulosus
Pleurotus fuscosquamulosus is a species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae. Found in South Africa, it was described as new to science by mycologists Derek Reid and Albert Eicker in 1998. The anamorphic form of the fungus is known as Antromycopsis fuscosquamulosus.

Pleurotaceae
The Pleurotaceae are a family of small to medium-sized mushrooms which have white spores.  The family contains 13 genera over 412 species. Members of Pleurotaceae can be mistaken for members of Marasmiaceae. Perhaps the best known member is the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus.

Many species in the genera Pleurotus and Hohenbuehelia are nematophagous, that is, they derive nutrition by consuming nematodes. This is made possible by hyphae that may have adhesive knobs that attach to passing nematodes and secrete nematotoxic compounds.
Hall bei Admont
Hall bei Admont is a former municipality in Liezen district in the Austrian Styria at the foot of the Haller Mauern on the Enns River. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Admont.

It has the oldest salt mine in Styria, as mentioned in a 931 document, which operated until 1543.

Enns (river)
The Enns (German pronunciation: [ɛns] ⓘ) is a southern tributary of the river Danube in Austria, joining northward at the city of Enns. It forms parts 
of the border between the states of Lower Austria and Upper Austria. The Enns spans 253 kilometres (157 mi), in a flat-J-shape. It flows from its source near the village Flachau, generally eastward through Radstadt, Schladming, and Liezen, then turns north near Hieflau, to flow past Weyer and Ternberg through Steyr, and further north to the Danube at Enns (see map in References).
1996 Fed Cup World Group play-offs
The World Group play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 1997 World Group, while losing nations joined the 1997 World Group II.

1996 Fed Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Fed Cup competition in 1996. Eight nations competed in a three-round knockout competition. Spain was the three-time defending champion, but they were defeated in the final by the finalist from the last two years, the United States, who captured their fifteenth title.
Piazza dell'Indipendenza (Rome)
Piazza dell'Indipendenza (Independence Square) in Rome is a square in Municipio V (the 5th municipality) of the Castro Pretorio district of the Italian capital city. It is situated between Via Solferino and Via San Martino della Battaglia.

Castro Pretorio
Castro Pretorio is the 18th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. XVIII, and it is located within the Municipio I. The rione takes its name by the ruins of the Castrum Praetorium, the barracks of the Praetorian Guard, included in the Aurelian Walls.
Inauguration of Bola Tinubu
The inauguration of Bola Tinubu as the 16th president of Nigeria, and 5th president in the fourth republic took place on Monday, 29 May 2023, marking the start of the four-year term of Bola Tinubu as president and Kashim Shettima as vice president. It was the 9th presidential inauguration and 7th in the fourth republic, and took place in the Eagle Square in Abuja, F.C.T.

Bureau of African Affairs
The Bureau of African Affairs (AF) is part of the United States Department of State and is charged with advising the Secretary of State on matters of Sub-Saharan Africa. The bureau was established in 1958. It is headed by the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs who reports to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
Albert Dubreucq
Albert Arthur Dubreucq (3 June 1924 – 13 October 1995) was a French footballer who played as a midfielder for Lille OSC, RC de France, and CA Paris between 1945 and 1957. He also made one appearance for the French national team in 1952. He was the defensive midfielder of the great Lille team of the late 1940s, which won the 1945–46 French Division 1 as well as back-to-back Coupe de France titles in 1947 and 1948, and finished as league runner-up four times in a row between 1948 and 1951.

He later became a coach, taking charge of several French and Belgian teams in the 1960s and 1970s.

1951 Latin Cup
The 1951 Latin Cup (Italian: Coppa Latina 1951) was the third edition of the annual Latin Cup which was played by clubs of the Southwest European nations of France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The tournament was hosted by Italy, and the Italian club Milan was the winner of the tournament after defeating Lille by a score of 5–0 in the final match.
Sørvágsvatn
Leitisvatn, sometimes called Sørvágsvatn, is the largest lake in the Faroe Islands. It is situated on the island of Vágar, between the municipalities of Sørvágur and Vágar. The local reference is mostly just Vatnið ("The lake"). The area is 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi), more than three times the size of Fjallavatn, the second largest lake, also located on Vágar.

Vágar Municipality
Vágar Municipality (Faroese: Vága kommuna) is a municipality in the Faroese Islands.

It covers the eastern part of the island of Vágar (while Sørvágur Municipality covers the western part of the island).

It was created on 1 January 2009 by fusing the two municipalities of Miðvágur (including the towns of Miðvágur and Vatnsoyrar) and Sandavágur (including the town of Sandavágur).

62°03′04″N 7°11′38″W﻿ / ﻿62.05111°N 7.19389°W﻿ / 62.05111; -7.19389
Samsung Galaxy Tab S8
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 is a series of Android-based tablets developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics, as part of its flagship Galaxy Tab S series. Unveiled at Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event on 9 February 2022, alongside the Galaxy S22 series, they serve as the successor to the Galaxy Tab S7 series, and were succeeded by the Galaxy Tab S9 series, which was announced on July 26, 2023.

One UI
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its mobile, computing devices and TVs, including Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later.

The successor to Samsung Experience, Samsung designed One UI to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. It was announced and unveiled at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was updated in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold, since then receiving yearly upgrades.

The latest stable version, One UI 8, was released on July 25, 2025 with the launch of the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Z Flip 7 and Z Flip 7 FE after starting beta testing in May, with other phones receiving the update starting on September 15, 2025 with the Galaxy S25 series in South Korea.
Politics of Tanzania
The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic, whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The party system is dominated by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary State Party). The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

Since 2014, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary State Party) has under the presidencies of John Magufuli and Samia Suluhu Hassan overseen democratic backsliding and the development of a single-party state, as the party has repressed the opposition and prevented free and fair elections from taking place. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Tanzania a "hybrid regime" in 2022.

Benjamin Mkapa
Benjamin William Mkapa (12 November 1938 – 23 July 2020) was the third president of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005. He was Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM).
2004 Legg Mason Tennis Classic
The 2004 Legg Mason Tenis Classic was the 36th edition of this tennis tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts.  The tournament was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. It was held at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C. from August 16 through August 22, 2004.

2004 ATP Tour
The 2004 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2004 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Insolvency practitioner
In the United Kingdom, only an authorised or licensed insolvency practitioner (IP) may be appointed in relation to formal insolvency procedures.

Quite often IPs have an accountancy background.  A few active practitioners are lawyers, but it is not necessary to be qualified as either, as since 1986 there has been a direct entry route to the profession.

Insolvency Service
The Insolvency Service is a British government executive agency of the Department for Business and Trade with headquarters in London. It has around 1,800 staff, operating from 11 locations across the UK.

The Insolvency Service administers compulsory company liquidations and personal bankruptcies and deals with misconduct through investigation of companies and enforcement. It also makes redundancy payments in cases where a company is insolvent.
NCC Class A1
The LMS (Northern Counties Committee) Class A1 4-4-0 passenger steam locomotives were rebuilds of Belfast and Northern Counties Railway Class A two-cylinder compound locomotives. They operated services throughout the NCC’s 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) broad gauge system in the north-east of Ireland.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Mindori
Mindori (Korean: 민도리) is a style in Korean architecture where in the columns of a building directly support the beams without using supporting materials such as capitals, salmi, cheomcha, and ikgong on the upper part of the columns.

Korean architecture
Korean architecture (Korean: 한국건축) refers to an architectural style that developed over centuries in Korea.
Throughout the history of Korea, various kingdoms and royal dynasties have developed a unique style of architecture with influences from Buddhism and Korean Confucianism. traditional Korean architecture can be mostly recognized by its sloping roofs.

Just like in the case of other Korean arts, Korean architecture is distinguished by its naturalistic tendencies, simplicity, economy of shape, and avoidance of extremes.
Gortyn
Gortyn, Gortys or Gortyna (Greek: Γόρτυν, Γόρτυς, or Γόρτυνα, pronounced [ˈɣortina]) is a municipality, and an archaeological site, on the Mediterranean island of Crete 45 km (28 mi) away from the island's capital, Heraklion. The seat of the municipality is the village Agioi Deka. Gortyn was the Roman capital of Creta et Cyrenaica. The area was first inhabited around 7000 BC.

It is located in the valley of Messara in the south of the Psiloritis mountain, in the current position of the settlements of Metropolis and Agioi Deka, and near the Libyan Sea.

Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Ages (c. 1180–800 BC) was a period in Ancient Greece characterized by societal collapse of civilization, where the palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were either destroyed, abandoned, or both.

At around the same time, the Hittite civilization in modern-day Turkey also suffered serious disruption and collapse, with cities from Troy to Gaza being destroyed. Moreover, in Egypt, the New Kingdom fell into disarray, leading to the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. Following this mass destruction, there were fewer, smaller settlements, which suggests widespread famine and depopulation. On the Greek mainland, the Linear B script, used by Mycenaean bureaucrats to write the Greek language, ceased to be used. The later Greek alphabet did not develop until hundreds of years later, in the beginning of the Protohistoric Iron Age, c. 800 BC.
Shinoridate
The site of Shinoridate (志苔館跡, Shinoridate ato) in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan, is that once occupied by the Shinori Fort or Fortified Residence (as denoted by the tate or date ending). This was the easternmost of the so-called "Twelve Garrisons of Southern Hokkaido", built on the Oshima Peninsula by the Wajin from the fourteenth century. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1934 and is one of the Japan Castle Foundation's Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles.

Japanese currency
Japanese currency has a history covering the period from the 8th century CE to the present. After the traditional usage of rice as a currency medium, Japan adopted currency systems and designs from China before developing a separate system of its own.