hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maslowian portfolio theory
Maslowian portfolio theory (MaPT) creates a normative portfolio theory based on human needs as described by Abraham Maslow. It is in general agreement with behavioral portfolio theory, and is explained in Maslowian Portfolio Theory: An alternative formulation of the Behavioural Portfolio Theory, and was first observed in Behavioural Finance and Decision Making in Financial Markets.

Maslowian portfolio theory is quite simple in its approach. It states that financial investments should follow human needs in the first place. All the rest is logic deduction. For each need level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, some investment goals can be identified, and those are the constituents of the overall portfolio.

Roy's safety-first criterion
Roy's safety-first criterion is a risk management technique, devised by A. D. Roy, that allows an investor to select one portfolio rather than another based on the criterion that the probability of the portfolio's return falling below a minimum desired threshold is minimized.

For example, suppose there are two available investment strategies—portfolio A and portfolio B, and suppose the investor's threshold return level (the minimum return that the investor is willing to tolerate) is −1%. Then, the investor would choose the portfolio that would provide the maximum probability of the portfolio return being at least as high as −1%.

Thus, the problem of an investor using Roy's safety criterion can be summarized symbolically as:

where Pr(Ri < R) is the probability of Ri (the actual return of asset i) being less than R (the minimum acceptable return).
Silberberg v The Builders Collective of Australia Inc
Silberberg v The Builders Collective of Australia Inc, is a 2007 judgment of the Federal Court of Australia, and the first Australian case exploring the liability of Internet forum operators for racial vilification under the Racial Discrimination Act 1975.

Racial Discrimination Act 1975
The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government. The Act makes racial discrimination in certain contexts unlawful in Australia, and also overrides state and territory legislation to the extent of any inconsistency.

The Act is administered by the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC).  The president of the commission is responsible for investigating complaints. If a complaint is validated, the commission will attempt to conciliate the matter. If the commission cannot negotiate an agreement which is acceptable to the complainant, the complainant's only redress is through the Federal Court of Australia or through the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia. The commission also attempts to raise awareness about the obligations that individuals and organisations have under the Act.
Billy Vunipola
Viliami Vunipola (born 3 November 1992) is a professional rugby union player who plays as a number eight for the Top 14 side Montpellier. Born in Australia, he represents England at international level after qualifying on residency grounds.

2020–21 RFU Championship
The 2020–21 RFU Championship, also known as the 2020–21 Greene King IPA Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the twelfth season of the RFU Championship, the professional second tier of rugby union in England. It featured ten English teams and one from Jersey. The competition was sponsored by Greene King for the eighth successive season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, this season featured a truncated timeframe of just 16 weeks with a later start and fewer rounds.
Martin Rees
Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow, (born 23 June 1942) is a British cosmologist and astrophysicist. He was the fifteenth Astronomer Royal from 1995 to 2025, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 2004 to 2012, and President of the Royal Society from 2005 to 2010. He has received various physics awards including the Wolf Prize in Physics in 2024 for fundamental contributions to high-energy astrophysics, galaxies and structure formation, and cosmology.

Astronomer Royal
Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the Astronomer Royal dating from 22 June 1675; the junior is the Astronomer Royal for Scotland dating from 1834.

The Astronomer Royal works to make observations to improve navigation, cartography, instrument design, and applications of geomagnetism. The position was created with the overall goal of discovering a way to determine longitude at sea when out of sight of land. The incumbent Astronomer Royal is Professor Michele Dougherty.
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) is the civic body that oversees Hyderabad, the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the local government for the city of Hyderabad. The GHMC is responsible for civic administration, including urban planning, sanitation, road maintenance, and public health services. It was the largest municipal corporations in India with an area of 2053 km2 until 11 February 2026, when GHMC was split into three independent municipal corporations.

Ranga Reddy district
Ranga Reddy district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district headquarters is located at Kongara Kalan Village, Ibrahimpatnam Mandal. The district was named after the former deputy chief minister of the United Andhra Pradesh, K. V. Ranga Reddy. The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Yadadri, Hyderabad, Medchal–Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, Mahabubnagar, Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts.
Hans Weik
Hans Weik (6 July 1922 – 5 June 2001) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. He is credited with 36 victories achieved in only 85 combat missions, including 25 victories over the Western Front. Following World War II, Weik became an architect and died on 5 June 2001 in Heidenheim an der Brenz.

Staffelkapitän
Staffelkapitän is a command appointment, rather than a military rank, in the air force units of German-speaking countries.

The rank normally held by a Staffelkapitän has changed over time. In the present-day German Luftwaffe – part of the Bundeswehr – the position is usually held by an Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) or Major.
Wing of ilium
The wing (ala) of ilium is the large expanded portion of the ilium, the bone which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It presents for examination two surfaces—an external and an internal—a crest, and two borders—an anterior and a posterior.

Tensor fasciae latae muscle
The tensor fasciae latae (or tensor fasciæ latæ or, formerly, tensor vaginae femoris) is a muscle of the thigh. Together with the gluteus maximus, it acts on and is continuous with the iliotibial band, which attaches to the tibia. The muscle assists in keeping the balance of the pelvis while standing, walking, or running.
Anta P'unqu (Junín)
Anta P'unqu (Quechua anta copper, p'unqu pond, reservoir, tank; dam, "copper pond", also spelled Antapongo) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 metres (15,748 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Huantán District. Anta P'unqu lies northwest of Paquchi.

Paquchi (Peru)
Paquchi (Aymara for reddish, light brown, also spelled Pacuche) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 5,000 metres (16,404 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Huantán District.
Otohiko Hara
Otohiko Hara (原乙彦, Hara Otohiko; January 1, 1925 – April 9, 2018), formerly known as Otohiko Yabashi, was a Japanese corporate executive. He was a chief executive officer of Unitika Tsusho [:ja:] (later, Unitika Trading [:ja:]). One of the first Japanese businesspersons who led Dai Nippon Spinning Co., Ltd. (later, Unitika), one of Japan's three largest textile makers, to the first overseas expansion of Japanese corporations after World War II.

Akasaka-juku (Nakasendō)
Akasaka-juku (赤坂宿, Akasaka-juku) was the fifty-sixth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now Akasaka neighborhood of the city of Ōgaki,  Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
Re Judiciary and Navigation Acts
Re Judiciary and Navigation Acts (1921) 29 CLR 257 is a landmark judgment of the High Court of Australia. The matter related to what is a legal matter and the High Court's ability to issue opinion outside a case.

Chapter III Court
In Australian constitutional law, chapter III courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of these courts are contained in chapter III of the Australian Constitution.
Ribitol
Ribitol, or adonitol, is a crystalline pentose alcohol (C5H12O5) formed by the reduction of ribose. It occurs naturally in the plant Adonis vernalis as well as in the cell walls of some Gram-positive bacteria, in the form of ribitol phosphate, in teichoic acids. It also forms part of the chemical structure of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is a nucleotide coenzyme used by many enzymes, the so-called flavoproteins.

Ribitol is one of four stereoisomers having the formula C5H12O5:

D-arabitol and L-arabitol

Ribitol (non-chiral)

Xylitol (non-chiral)

Arabitol
Arabitol, or arabinitol, is a sugar alcohol. It can be formed by the reduction of either arabinose. Some organic acid tests check for the presence of D-arabitol, which may indicate overgrowth of intestinal microbes such as Candida albicans or other yeast/fungus species.

Arabitol and lyxitol are diastereomeric pentitols, differing in the configuration of two stereocenters. Arabitol was initially produced, soon after its discovery, through the catalytic reduction of D-arabinose or D-lixose. It can be obtained in two spatial forms: L-arabitol and D-arabitol.
Fancy Dress Festival
The Fancy Dress Festival (known locally as Kakamotobi) is a masquerade festival held on Christmas to the first day of January every year by the people of Winneba in the Central Region of Ghana. It is a colourful festival that features brass band music.

Masquerade ball
A masquerade ball (or bal masqué) is a special kind of formal ball which many participants attend in costume wearing masks. (Compare the word "masque"—a formal written and sung court pageant.) Less formal "costume parties" may be a descendant of this tradition. A masquerade ball usually encompasses music and dancing. These nighttime events are used for entertainment and celebrations.
Pentellated 7-cubes
In seven-dimensional geometry, a pentellated 7-cube is a convex uniform 7-polytope with 5th order truncations (pentellation) of the regular 7-cube. There are 32 unique pentellations of the 7-cube with permutations of truncations, cantellations, runcinations, and sterications. 16 are more simply constructed relative to the 7-orthoplex.

7-cube
In geometry, a 7-cube is a seven-dimensional hypercube with 128 vertices, 448 edges,  672 square faces, 560 cubic cells, 280 tesseract 4-faces, 84 penteract 5-faces, and 14 hexeract 6-faces.

It can be named by its Schläfli symbol {4,35}, being composed of 3 6-cubes around each 5-face.  It can be called a hepteract,  a portmanteau of tesseract (the 4-cube) and hepta for seven (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular tetradeca-7-tope or tetradecaexon, being a 7 dimensional polytope constructed from 14 regular facets.
Robbie Irons
Robert Richard Irons (born November 19, 1946) is a retired Canadian ice hockey goaltender. His lone National Hockey League appearance came with the St. Louis Blues during the 1968–69 season, while the majority of his career, spanning from 1967 to 1981, was spent playing in the International Hockey League.

1968–69 NHL season
The 1968–69 NHL season was the 52nd season of the National Hockey League. Twelve teams each played 76 games (two more than in 1967–68). For the second time in a row, the Montreal Canadiens faced the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup Finals. Montreal won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they swept the Blues in four, an identical result to the previous season.
Ravensberg Basin
The Ravensberg Basin (German: Ravensberger Mulde) or Ravensberg Hills  (Ravensberger Hügelland) is a natural region in the governorate of Detmold (Ostwestfalen-Lippe) in the northeastern part of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia; small elements also fall within the neighbouring state of Lower Saxony. It is part of the lower Weser Uplands and comprises low rolling hills bordered by the ranges of the Wiehen Hills in the north, Lippe Uplands in the east, Teutoburg Forest in the south and Osnabrück Hills in the west. The heart of the Ravensberg Basin is almost coincident with the cultural region of the Ravensberg Land.

Detmold (administrative region)
Regierungsbezirk Detmold (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛtmɔlt]) is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north-east of the state. It is congruent with the (cultural) region of Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL, East Westphalia–Lippe).

The Regierungsbezirk was created in 1947 when the former state of Lippe was incorporated into North Rhine-Westphalia by merging the former Regierungsbezirk Minden with the territory of the Free State of Lippe. The Regierungsbezirk Minden dates back to 1815, when the class of administrative regions Regierungsbezirke was initially created.
Condylocarpon
Condylocarpon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1822. It is primarily native to South America, though found also in Trinidad & Tobago and Nicaragua.

Species

Condylocarpon amazonicum (Markgr.) Ducke - Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia, NW Brazil

†Condylocarpon glabrum Müll.Arg.  - Espírito Santo in Brazil but extinct

Condylocarpon guyanense Desf. - French Guiana, Guyana, Amapá

Condylocarpon intermedium Müll.Arg. - Nicaragua, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela, the Guianas, N Brazil

Condylocarpon isthmicum (Vell.) A.DC. - Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, NE Argentina

Condylocarpon myrtifolium (Miq.) Müll.Arg. - Venezuela, Bolivia, NW Brazil, the Guianas

Condylocarpon pubiflorum Müll.Arg. - Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, NW Brazil

Condylocarpon pubiflorum
Condylocarpon pubiflorum is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Johannes Müller Argoviensis, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after an invalid nomen nudum, Hortsmania pubiflora, previously offered by George Bentham.
Orlando Mosquera
Orlando Mosquera (born 25 December 1994), commonly known as Kuty Mosquera, is a Panamanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Saudi Pro League club Al-Fayha and the Panama national team.

2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 17th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial international men's soccer championship of the North, Central American and Caribbean region organized by CONCACAF. Canada and the United States hosted the tournament, which began on June 24, 2023.

The United States were the defending champions, having won the 2021 edition, but were eliminated by Panama in the semi-finals.

Mexico won a record ninth Gold Cup title, defeating Panama 1–0 in the final on July 16 at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, California, a suburb of Los Angeles.
European Union and the United Nations
The European Union (EU) has permanent observer status at the United Nations (UN) since 1974, and gained enhanced participation rights in 2011. The EU itself does not have voting rights but it is represented alongside its 27 members, one of which, France, is a permanent member of the Security Council.

Member states of the United Nations
The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization. All members have equal representation in the United Nations General Assembly.

The Charter of the United Nations defines the rules for admission of member states. Membership is open to all states which accept certain terms of the charter and are able to carry them out. New members must be recommended by the United Nations Security Council. In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to be observer states at the UN General Assembly. A member state that has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter can be expelled from the United Nations.
2008 FIRA-AER Women's Sevens
The 2008 FIRA-AER Women's Sevens was the sixth edition of the European Women's Sevens Championship and was held in Limoges, France on 14 and 15 June 2008. This was the final qualifying tournament for Europe for the inaugural 2009 Women's Rugby World Cup Sevens in Dubai.

England, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, France and Italy were the teams that qualified for the World Cup.

Rugby Europe Women's Sevens
Sports portal

The Rugby Europe Women's Sevens, previously the FIRA–AER Women's Sevens until 2013, is a series of regional championships for women's international rugby sevens in Europe. Prior to 2012, the annual tournament is held over two days, typically on a weekend in June, before the highest category tournament was reorganized as the Sevens Grand Prix Series, modeled after the format of the World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournaments are sanctioned and sponsored by Rugby Europe.
2024–2025 Vendée Globe
The 2024–2025 Vendée Globe was a non-stop round the world yacht race for IMOCA 60 class yachts crewed by only one person. It was the tenth edition of the race; it started (on 10 November 2024), and finished, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, France.

2023 Transat Jacques Vabre
The 2023 edition of the Transat Jacques Vabre was the 16th edition of the yachting race and was raced from Le Havre, France, to Fort de France, Martinique.

(1) Made up of two Leg Race with a stop in Lorient
2025 Men's Softball World Cup Group A
Group A of the 2025 Men's Softball World Cup took place from 12 to 16 June 2023 in Hermosillo, Mexico. The group consisted of host nation Mexico, defending champions Australia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Philippines and Venezuela.

2025 Men's Softball World Cup
The 2025 WBSC Men's Softball World Cup was the 18th Men's Softball World Cup, an international softball tournament. The group stage took place from 12 June–21 September 2024 in Prince Albert, Canada; Sonora, Mexico; and Oklahoma City, United States. The finals took place from 8–13 July 2025 in Prince Albert, Canada. Canada last hosted the tournament in 2017, while the United States last hosted it in 1996. Mexico haven't hosted the tournament since the inaugural edition in 1966.

Australia are the defending champions after defeating Canada 5–2 in the 2022 final to claim their second World Cup.
Makhi, Unnao
Makhi is a large village in Miyanganj block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It hosts a Ramlila fair for one day during the month of Kuar, and it also holds a market twice per week, on Mondays and Saturdays. The main items sold at the market are grain and vegetables. Makhi also has a train station on the Kanpur-Balamau line, between the stations at Safipur and Patiyara. As of 2011, its population is 13,786, in 2,503 households.

Miyanganj
Miyanganj, also spelled Mianganj, is a village and corresponding community development block in Hasanganj tehsil of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located on the road from Lucknow to Bangarmau, just to the west of the crossroads with another route linking Unnao and Sandila.

Miyanganj hosts a cattle fair on Asadha Badi 2-30. Vendors bring wooden products, agricultural implements, sweets, toys, and assorted other merchandise to sell at the event. The village also hosts a market on Wednesdays and Saturdays where grain and vegetables are sold. As of 2011, its population is 8,948, in 1,575 households.
Japanese destroyer Tsubaki (1944)
Tsubaki (椿; "Camellia") was one of 18 Matsu-class escort destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Completed in late 1944, the ship began convoy escort duties in the Shanghai, China, area early the following year. After being damaged by a naval mine in April 1945, she returned home for repairs the following month. Tsubaki was damaged when American aircraft attacked targets in Japan in July and was not repaired before the end of the war several months later. The ship was scrapped in 1948.

Matsu-class destroyer
The Matsu-class destroyers (松型駆逐艦, Matsu-gata kuchikukan) were a class of destroyer built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late stages of World War II. The class was also designated the Type-D Destroyer (丁型駆逐艦, Tei-gata kuchikukan). Although sometimes termed Destroyer escorts, they were larger and more capable than contemporary United States Navy destroyer escorts or the Imperial Japanese Navy kaibōkan vessels.
Armscor AK22
The Armscor AK22 is a semi-automatic .22 LR Kalashnikov rifle designed in 1987 by Ruko Products (later KBI), and sold by Armscor (Arms Corporation of the Philippines). Sales of the AK22 and other .22 LR Armscor rifles were "very strong in the local market", due to a relaxation of gun laws, after the end of martial law under Ferdinand Marcos in 1986.

.22 long rifle
The .22 Long Rifle, also known as the .22 LR or 5.7×15mmR, is a long-established variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition originating from the United States. It is used in a wide range of firearms including rifles, pistols, revolvers and submachine guns.  It is a well-established small game round, but is not typically used for hunting larger game as it lacks the necessary stopping power.

In terms of quantities sold, the .22 Long Rifle is by far the most common ammunition that is currently manufactured and sold in the world. Common uses include hunting and shooting sports. Ammunition produced in .22 Long Rifle is effective at short ranges, has little recoil, and is inexpensive to purchase, making it ideal for plinking and marksmanship training.
The Sevenwaters series
The Sevenwaters series is a historical fantasy series by New Zealand-born author Juliet Marillier, first published as three novels between 1999 and 2001, and then later extended. The series includes six novels: Daughter of the Forest (1999), Son of the Shadows (2000), Child of the Prophecy (2001), Heir to Sevenwaters (2008), Seer of Sevenwaters (2010), and Flame of Sevenwaters (2012).

Daughter of the Forest
Daughter of the Forest is an historical fantasy novel by Juliet Marillier first published in 1999. It is loosely based on the legend of the Children of Lir and "The Six Swans" (a story that has many versions, including one by the Brothers Grimm). A girl (Sorcha) must sew six shirts from a painful nettle plant in order to save her brothers from a witch's enchantment, remaining completely mute until the task is finished. Falling in love complicates her mission.
2012 Patriot League baseball tournament
The 2012 Patriot League baseball tournament was held on consecutive weekends, with the semifinals held May 12–13 and the finals May 19-20.  The higher seeded teams hosted each best of three series.  Top seeded Army won their sixth championship and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Patriot League baseball tournament
The Patriot League baseball tournament is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Patriot League.  The top four finishers in the regular season of the conference's six teams advance to the best of three championship series, with each series hosted by the higher seeded team.  The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.