hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Virginia Botanic Garden
The West Virginia Botanic Garden is a botanical garden located in Morgantown, West Virginia, and is the only botanical garden in the state of West Virginia. It covers approximately 85 acres of land and 4.5 miles of walking trails, and has 8 gardens. It is situated near Cheat Lake, and the Tibbs Run Reservoir, which was used as a water source for Morgantown before 1969. The reservoir basin was drained in 1980 and is now grown over with plants.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
Outline of trigonometry
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to trigonometry:

Trigonometry – branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the sides and the angles in triangles. Trigonometry defines the trigonometric functions, which describe those relationships and have applicability to cyclical phenomena, such as waves.

Edmund Gunter
Edmund Gunter (1581 – 10 December 1626), was an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent.  He is best remembered for his mathematical contributions, which include the invention of the Gunter's chain, the Gunter's quadrant, and the Gunter's scale. In 1620, he invented the first successful analogue device which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents.

He was mentored in mathematics by Reverend Henry Briggs and eventually became a Gresham Professor of Astronomy, from 1619 until his death.
1991 Southern Conference baseball tournament
The 1991 Southern Conference baseball tournament was held at College Park in Charleston, South Carolina, from April 27 through 30. Fourth seeded Furman won the tournament and earned the Southern Conference's automatic bid to the 1991 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It was the Paladins first tournament win.

The tournament used a double-elimination format, with top seeded The Citadel receiving a bye to the second day in order to compensate for the odd number of teams in the league.

Southern Conference baseball tournament
The Southern Conference baseball tournament is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Southern Conference. The winner of the tournament receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  The event is scheduled for the Wedneaday through Sunday before Memorial Day each year, five days prior to the NCAA Regionals.
Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945)
An intense process of Germanisation was carried out by Nazi Germany in German-occupied Poland during World War II, with the ultimate goal of eliminating Polish culture and people. This included the mass-murder of Polish intellectuals and the kidnapping of Polish children.

Heuaktion
Heuaktion (German: "hay harvest", or "hay operation") was a World War II operation in which 40,000 to 50,000 Polish and Ukrainian children aged 10 to 14 were kidnapped by German occupation forces and transported to Nazi Germany as slave labourers.

"Heuaktion" was an acronym for "Homeless, parentless, unhoused [heimatlos, elternlos, unterkunftslos – HEU, "hay"] Operation". On arrival in Germany, the children were turned over to Organisation Todt and to the Junkers aircraft works.

The intentions of the mass abductions were to pressure the adult populations of the occupied territories to register as workers in the Reich and to weaken the “biological strength” of the areas that Germany had invaded.
Tunisian Consultative Conference
The Tunisian Consultative Conference was an organ of government set up under the French Protectorate of Tunisia. Presided over by the French Resident-General or his representative, its remit was originally very narrow: it was not allowed to discuss political or constitutional matters, or public finances and accounts. At the same time it was accountable for “obligatory” spending, which included the civil list of the Bey and subsidies paid to the ruling Husainid dynasty, as well as the servicing of Tunisia's public debt and the management costs of French services in the protectorate (decree of 2 February 1907). The steady evolution of this institution over time was a measure of the development of nationalist ideas. A generation of Tunisian politicians, including Abdeljelil Zaouche, Tahar Ben Ammar and Mohamed Chenik, made their entry into public life through the conference, and eventually negotiated the terms of Tunisian independence.

Qaid
Qaid (Arabic: قَائِد qāʾid, "commander"; pl. قَادَة qāda, or قُوَّاد quwwād), also spelled Quaid, kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the curia, usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as gaitus or gaytus. Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" or "alcaide". It is also used as a male Arabic given name.
1964 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1964 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 3, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election. State voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Wicomico County, Maryland
Wicomico County (/waɪˈkɒmɪkoʊ/ wy-KOM-ik-oh) is in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Maryland, on the Delmarva Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,588. The county seat is Salisbury. The county was named for the Wicomico River, which in turn derives its name from the Algonquian language words wicko mekee, meaning "a place where houses are built", apparently referring to a Native American town on the banks. The county is included in the Salisbury, MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is part of the Lower Eastern Shore region of the state.
Ithaca Auto & Burglar
The Auto & Burglar Gun was a US-made factory-built handgun that was commercially manufactured by configuring a standard double-barrel shotgun with a pistol grip, at first engraving and later stamping "Auto & Burglar Gun" on each side of the frame, and shortening the barrels to about 10" to 12.2" in length. A holster with a flap and a snap was available for purchase from Ithaca. It was outsourced to a leather company and was embossed with "Auto & Burglar" on it. They are also very rare and are infrequently seen for sale in any condition.

.410 bore
The .410 bore (10.4 mm) is a small caliber shotgun, firing one of the smallest commonly available shotgun shells. A .410 bore shotgun loaded with shot shells is well suited for small game hunting and pest control. The .410 started off in the United Kingdom as a garden gun along with the .360 and the No. 3 bore (9 mm) rimfire, No. 2 bore (7 mm) rimfire, and No. 1 bore (6 mm) rimfire. .410 shells have similar base dimensions to the .45 Colt cartridge, allowing many single-shot firearms, as well as derringers and revolvers chambered in that caliber, to fire .410 shot shells without any modifications.

Other small bore shotgun loads include the 9mm Flobert rimfire cartridge, and the less prevalent .22 rimfire shot shell.
Heliantheae
The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus, which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America (particularly in Mexico) and South America.  A few genera are pantropical.

Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but some grow to the size of small trees.  Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually blackened.

The above statements about the size and distribution of the tribe apply to a broad definition of Heliantheae, which was followed throughout the 20th century. Some recent authors break the tribe up into a dozen or so smaller tribes.

Montanoa
Montanoa is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae, within the family Asteraceae.

They are thought to be named after Luis Josė Montaña (1755-1820), a leading Mexican physician of his time.

Species
Michael Shiell
Michael Shiell OFM, Guardian of Killeigh, fl. 1693–98.

Shiell was a member of the Ó Siadhail family of Kingdom of Uí Failghe, who were prominent County Offaly and County Laois in the late medieval/early modern era. Shiell was a member of the Franciscan order, and became the guardian of the Franciscan friary at Killeigh, County Offaly, in 1693. In 1698, eight individuals signed a document acknowledging that they had received chalices, pyxes, cups, an oil box, ciborium, a bell and vestments of the friary for safekeeping. Michael Shiell was one of the eight signatories, as was one William Shiell, who received at least three of the items. Krasnodebska-D'Aughton states that "both were probably members of the Ó Siadhail family, who had long associations with the Franciscans in the midlands."

County Offaly
County Offaly (/ˈɒfəli/; Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Uí Failghe. It was formerly known as King's County, in honour of Philip II of Spain. Offaly County Council is the local authority for the county. The county population was 82,668 at the 2022 census.
Academic journal publishing reform
Academic journal publishing reform is the advocacy for changes in the way academic journals are created and distributed in the age of the Internet and the advent of electronic publishing. Since the rise of the Internet, people have organized campaigns to change the relationships among and between academic authors, their traditional distributors and their readership. Most of the discussion has centered on taking advantage of benefits offered by the Internet's capacity for widespread distribution of reading material.

Electronic publishing
Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing, digital publishing, or online publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues. It also includes the editing of books, journals, and magazines to be read on a screen (computer, e-reader, tablet, or smartphone).
Gelo di melone
The gelo di melone or mellone (Sicilian: gelu di muluni), also known as gelo d'anguria, is a typical Sicilian jelly dessert consisting of a watermelon pudding served throughout summer. Traditionally prepared on Ferragosto, it is also popular for the Saint Rosalia celebrations in Palermo.

Its basic ingredients are watermelon pulp, sugar (or honey) and starch, while pistachios, candied fruit, cinnamon and jasmine water are often added. Jasmine is often added, in the pudding as jasmine water,  and as a garnish with jasmine flowers. Small pieces of chocolate may be added to invoke watermelon seeds. It is commonly, although mistakenly, considered an inheritance of Arab influence dating to the Muslim period.

Gelatine dessert
Gelatine desserts are desserts made with a sweetened and flavoured processed collagen product (gelatine), which makes the dessert "set" from a liquid to a soft elastic solid gel. This kind of dessert was first recorded as "jelly" by Hannah Glasse in her 18th-century book The Art of Cookery, appearing in a layer of trifle. Jelly recipes are included in the 19th-century cookbooks of the English food writers Eliza Acton and Isabella Beeton.

Jelly can be made by combining plain gelatine with other ingredients or by using a premixed blend of gelatine with additives. Fully prepared gelatine desserts are sold in a variety of forms, ranging from large decorative shapes to individual serving cups.

In the United States and Canada, this dessert is known by the genericised trademark "jello".
Kamov Ka-27
The Kamov Ka-27 (NATO reporting name 'Helix') is a military helicopter developed for the Soviet Navy, and as of 2024 is in service in various countries including Russia, Ukraine, Vietnam, China, South Korea, and India. Variants include the Ka-29 assault transport, the Ka-28 downgraded export version, and the Ka-32 for civilian use.

Military helicopter
A military helicopter is a helicopter that is either specifically designed for or converted for usage by a military. A military helicopter's mission is a function of its design or conversion. The most common use of military helicopters is airlift, but transport helicopters can be modified or converted to perform other missions such as combat search and rescue (CSAR), medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), serving as an airborne command post, or even armed with weapons for close air support. Specialized military helicopters are intended to conduct specific missions. Examples of specialized military helicopters are attack helicopters, observation helicopters and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters.
Perospirone
Perospirone (Lullan) is an atypical antipsychotic of the azapirone family. It was introduced in Japan by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma in 2001 for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute cases of bipolar mania.

Zotepine
Zotepine is an atypical antipsychotic drug indicated for acute and chronic schizophrenia. It has been used in Germany since 1990 (although it has been discontinued in Germany) and Japan since 1982.

Zotepine is not approved for use in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada or New Zealand.
Gerardo Vonder
Gerardo Sebastián Vonder Pütten Gabachuto better known simply as Gerardo Vonder (born 28 February 1988) is an Uruguayan professional football midfielder who last played with Sport Rosario in Peru.

Born in capital Montevideo, he played with Uruguayan clubs Danubio Fútbol Club and Central Español before having a brief first spell in Europe with Serbian club FK Javor Ivanjica where because of health reasons has failed to make an impact. Afterwards he played with Chilean club Cobreloa and Club Guaraní from Paraguay. He still played the first half of 2011 with Deportes Quindío in Colombia, before moving in summer 2011 for second time to Europe, this time to play in Belgium with C.S. Visé.  In 2013, he joined Peruvian club Unión Comercio.

His last club was PE Sant Jordi. Vonder Putten announced his retirement in July 2021.

2005 South American U-17 Championship
The 2005 South American Under-17 Football Championship was a football competition for U-17 national teams affiliated with CONMEBOL. It was the 11th time the tournament was held. It was played in Venezuela from 1 to 17 April 2005.

The host city of the competition was Maracaibo, which was chosen in April 2004.
Rangitikei cricket team
The Rangitikei cricket team represented the Rangitikei region (approximately the same as the current Rangitikei District) of New Zealand's North Island. It competed in the Hawke Cup from 1910–11 to 1988–89, winning the title twice. The Rangitikei Cricket Association continues to exist, but for inter-provincial purposes Rangitikei is now part of the Whanganui team. Rangitikei's headquarters were in Marton, where its main home ground was Marton Park at first, then Centennial Park, which was established after World War II.

Rangitikei was also the origin and administrative home of the wandering cricket team the New Zealand Nomads, which toured New Zealand in the summer months from 1907 to 1983.

Whanganui cricket team
The Whanganui cricket team (previously spelt Wanganui) represents the Whanganui District on the south-west coast of New Zealand's North Island. It also covers the adjoining areas of Rangitikei, Ruapehu and Waverley.

The team's governing body, Cricket Whanganui (formerly the Wanganui Cricket Association), has its headquarters at Victoria Park in the town of Whanganui. It is one of the 21 teams from around New Zealand that compete in the Hawke Cup. Since its first match in the competition in the 1912–13 season, Whanganui has won the title six times.
Adam Lowe (writer)
Adam Lowe (born 1985) is a British writer, performer and publisher from Leeds who currently lives in Manchester. He is the UK's LGBT+ History Month Poet Laureate and was Yorkshire's Poet for 2012 (the county's selected poet for the 2012 Olympics). He writes poetry, plays and fiction, and he occasionally performs as Beyonce Holes.

Kayo Chingonyi
Kayo Chingonyi FRSL (born 1987) is a Zambian British poet and editor who is the author of two poetry collections, Kumukanda and A Blood Condition (2021). He has also published two earlier pamphlets, Some Bright Elegance (Salt Publishing, 2012) and The Colour of James Brown’s Scream (Akashic, 2016).

He is a writer and presenter for the music and culture podcast Decode. Chingonyi has won the Geoffrey Dearmer Prize, Dylan Thomas Prize and Somerset Maugham Award. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2022.
Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamidae is a family of stout, naked-skinned, and semiaquatic artiodactyl mammals, possessing three-chambered stomachs and walking on four toes on each foot. While they resemble pigs physiologically, their closest living relatives are the cetaceans. They are formally referred to as hippopotamids.

There are two living species of hippopotamid in two genera; the pygmy hippo, Choeropsis liberiensis of the forests of west Africa, and the common hippo, Hippopotamus amphibius. The term hippopotamus can also be applied to hippopotamids in general, although it is most frequently used for the common hippo and its respective genus.

Hippopotamus gorgops
Hippopotamus gorgops is an extinct species of the genus Hippopotamus known from remains found in Northern Africa, Eastern Africa, and the Levant. One of the largest hippopotamus species, it first appeared during the Early Pleistocene, and became extinct during the early Middle Pleistocene.
2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement
2,3-Sigmatropic rearrangements are a type of sigmatropic rearrangements and can be classified into two types. Rearrangements of allylic sulfoxides, amine oxides, selenoxides are neutral. Rearrangements of carbanions of allyl ethers are anionic. The general scheme for this kind of rearrangement is:

Atom Y may be sulfur, selenium, or nitrogen. If Y is nitrogen, the reaction is referred to as the Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement if a quaternary ammonium salt is involved or the aza-Wittig reaction if an alpha-metalated tertiary amine is involved; if Y is oxygen, then it is called a 2,3-Wittig rearrangement (not to be confused with the well-known Wittig reaction, which involves a phosphonium ylide). If Y is sulfur, the product can be treated with a thiophil to generate an allylic alcohol in what is known as the Mislow–Evans rearrangement.

A [2,3]-rearrangement may result in carbon-carbon bond formation. It can also be used as a ring-expansion reaction.

2,3-Wittig rearrangement
The [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement is the transformation of an allylic ether into a homoallylic alcohol via a concerted, pericyclic process. Because the reaction is concerted, it exhibits a high degree of stereocontrol, and can be employed early in a synthetic route to establish stereochemistry. The Wittig rearrangement requires strongly basic conditions, however, as a carbanion intermediate is essential. [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement is a competitive process.
Sandcrete
Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from a binder (typically Portland cement), sand in a ratio of circa 1:8, and water. Sometimes other ingredients may be added to reduce the amount of expensive Portland cement such as pozzolanas and rice husk ash. Sandcrete is similar but weaker than mortar, for which the ratio is circa 1:5. Soil cement and landcrete are similar materials but use other types of soil and hydraform blocks which are compressed, stabilized, earth blocks.

Sandcrete is usually used as hollow rectangular blocks similar to concrete masonry units, often 45 centimetres (18 in) wide, 15 centimetres (5.9 in) thick, and 30 centimetres (12 in) with hollows that run from top to bottom and occupy around one third of the volume of the block. The blocks are joined together with mortar.

Pozzolana
Pozzolana or pozzuolana (/ˌpɒts(w)əˈlɑːnə/ POT-s(w)ə-LAH-nə, Italian: [potts(w)oˈlaːna]), also known as pozzolanic ash (Latin: pulvis puteolanus), is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction). In this reaction insoluble calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate compounds are formed possessing cementitious properties. The designation pozzolana is derived from one of the primary deposits of volcanic ash used by the Romans in Italy, at Pozzuoli. The modern definition of pozzolana encompasses any volcanic material (pumice or volcanic ash), predominantly composed of fine volcanic glass, that is used as a pozzolan. Note the difference with the term pozzolan, which exerts no bearing on the specific origin of the material, as opposed to pozzolana, which can only be used for pozzolans of volcanic origin, primarily composed of volcanic glass.
2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The 2000 United States House elections in Pennsylvania was an election for Pennsylvania's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 7, 2000.

Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
Lawrence County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 86,070. The county seat and largest city is New Castle.

The county was created on March 20, 1849, from parts of Beaver and Mercer counties. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
NorthPoint Communications
NorthPoint Communications Group, Inc. was a competitive local exchange carrier focused on data transmission via digital subscriber lines. The company had relationships with Microsoft, Tandy Corporation, Intel, Verio, Cable & Wireless, Frontier Corporation, Concentric Network, ICG Communications, Enron, Network Plus, and Netopia. The company had investments from The Carlyle Group, Accel Partners, Benchmark, and Greylock Partners.

Verio
Verio is a global web hosting provider headquartered in the United States. Incorporated in 1996 in Denver, Colorado, it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Communications, which acquired the company in 2000. Verio was formed from a consolidation of over 200 smaller Internet service providers (ISPs) and web hosting services.
2011 International Origin
The 2011 International Origin was the inaugural edition of the International Origin match in the sport of rugby league. This match was between England and Exiles RL, and created to give England good mid-season opposition in preparation for the 2011 Four Nations in November.

2011 Rugby League Four Nations
The 2011 Rugby League Four Nations tournament (also known as the 2011 Gillette Rugby League Four Nations due to sponsorship by Gillette), was the third staging of the Rugby League Four Nations tournament, and was played in England and Wales during October and November 2011. It was contested by regular contestants Australia, England and New Zealand, in addition to Wales, who had qualified for their first Four Nations by winning the 2010 European Cup. The tournament saw the return of international rugby league to London's Wembley Stadium for the first time since 1997, with a double-header played on 5 November 2011. Australia won the tournament, defeating England in the final at Elland Road, Leeds, on 19 November 2011. The match was the last of the 17-year professional career of Australia's captain Darren Lockyer.