hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1st Combat Evaluation Group
The 1st Combat Evaluation Group (initially "1CEG", later "1CEVG") was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) unit. It was formed on 1 August 1961 to merge the 3908th Strategic Standardization Group for SAC aircrew evaluation with the 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group that had originated from the 263rd Army Air Force Base Unit which transferred from 15th AF to directly under Strategic Air Command c. 1946.  The 1CEVG formed after SAC switched to low-level tactics to counter Soviet surface-to-air missiles ("Oil Burner" training routes in 1959) and SAC had "developed a Radar Bomb Scoring field kit for use in NIKE Systems" in early 1960 for scoring SAC training missions against US Hercules SAM sites. The 1CEVG headquarters included an Office of History and a "standardization and evaluation school" for command examiners.

Western Electric System 1393 Radar Course Directing Central
The Western Electric System 1393 Radar Course Directing Central (RCDC) was a Cold War complex of radar/computer systems within the overall Improved Nike Hercules Air Defense Guided Missile System (separate from the missiles, storage and launch equipment, and command post equipment).  The RCDC was installed at the "battery control areas" (Integrated Fire Control areas) of ~5 hectares (12 acres) each which was for commanding a nearby missile Launching Area (LA), firing a missile from the LA, and guiding a launched missile to a burst point near an enemy aircraft.
Macrobrachium vollenhoveni
Macrobrachium vollenhoveni, the African river prawn, is a species of large, commercially important prawn from the family Palaemonidae from West Africa. It is a catadromous species that moves from freshwater to brackish water to spawn returning to freshwater as larvae. Recent research has shown that it could potentially be used as a biological control to reduce the rates of infection people living near rivers where this species occurs with schistosomiasis.

Palaemonidae
Palaemonidae is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Many species are carnivores that eat small invertebrates, and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. One significant genus is Macrobrachium, which contains commercially fished species. Others inhabit coral reefs, where they associate with certain invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, and echinoderms, as cleaner shrimps, parasites, or commensals. They generally feed on detritus, though some are carnivores and hunt tiny animals.

The family contains more than 1200 species in  160 genera. The genera were formerly split into two subfamilies, but in 2015, molecular and morphological research determined that the subfamily groupings were invalid. At the same time, the members of the families Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae were incorporated into the Palaemonidae.
Cordiofontis
Cordiofontis is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes five species of rhizomatous herbaceous perennials, four of which are native to Pakistan and the western and central Himalayas, while one is native to south-central China.

The five species in the genus were formerly placed in the genus Aster. In 2020, Guy L. Nesom classified them into the new genus Cordiofontis based on their distinct morphology.

Aster (genus)
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae.

The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning 'star', referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species, varieties, and hybrids, sometimes known as Michaelmas daisies for their late blooming, are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. 'Aster' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species.
Bangor Bridge
Bangor Bridge (also known as the Bangor-on-Dee Bridge) is a Grade I listed bridge crossing the River Dee in Bangor-on-Dee, Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It is situated on the community boundary between Bangor-is-y-Coed and Sesswick. Located to the west of Bangor-on-Dee, it connects the village's high street and the A525 road bypass. The narrow bridge is a one-way traffic bridge, west to east, and is downstream (north) of the Bangor by-pass bridge.

Grade I listed buildings in Wrexham County Borough
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.
Çukurova Motorway
Çukurova motorway (Turkish: Çukurova otoyolu) is the unofficial name of the  motorway (Turkish: otoyol) of Çukurova (ancient Cilicia) in Turkey. It is actually composed of the motorways  O-51 (from Mersin to Adana),  O-53 (from Ceyhan to İskenderun) and a part of  O-52 (between O-51 and O-53).

Otoyol 53
Otoyol 53 (English: Motorway 53), abbreviated as O-53, also known as Ceyhan-İskenderun Otoyolu (English: Ceyhan-İskenderun Motorway), is a toll motorway in Mediterranean Region, Turkey, connecting the Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway O-52 with İskenderun. The motorway is part of international routes as European route E91 and Asian Highway 84.

The O-53 starts from Ceyhan in Adana Province at the junction of O-52, runs southward to İskenderun South bypassing the city in the east.
SunPass
SunPass is an electronic toll collection system within the state of Florida, United States. It was created in 1999 by the Florida Department of Transportation's (FDOT's) Office of Toll Operations, operating as a division of Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). The system utilizes windshield-mounted RFID transponders manufactured by TransCore and lane equipment designed by companies including TransCore, SAIC, and Raytheon.

Florida Department of Transportation
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is a decentralized agency charged with the establishment, maintenance, and regulation of public transportation in the U.S. state of Florida. The department was formed in 1969. It absorbed the powers of the State Road Department (SRD).  The current Secretary of Transportation is Jared W. Perdue.
Stephan Feck
Stephan Feck (born 17 February 1990) is a German diver who competes in the Men's 1 and 3 metre springboard.

He won the silver medal at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest and at the 2011 European Diving Championships in Turin. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's 3m Springboard but a calamity occurred after he slipped off the board and landed hard on the water on his back, scoring him zero from the judges. The video of his dive quickly became popular on the internet.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's 3 m springboard where he finished 17th in the semifinal and did not qualify for the final. He also competed in the men's synchronized 3 m springboard with teammate Patrick Hausding. They finished in 4th place.

Feck is trained by Uwe Fischer, the father of Heike Fischer.

Heike Fischer
Heike Fischer (born 7 September 1982 in Demmin) is a German diver. She and Ditte Kotzian won bronze for Diving at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's synchronized 3 metre springboard. She and Kotzian had previously won a silver medal for diving at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships.

Fischer competed in the Diving at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard.

She lives in Leipzig, and is a sports soldier in the Bundeswehr. She is studying business studies at the AKAD-Fachhochschule Leipzig.

Her trainer is Margit Fischer.
Ontario Highway 31
King's Highway 31, commonly referred to as Highway 31 and historically known as the Metcalfe Road, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 76.93-kilometre (47.80 mi) route connected Highway 2 in Morrisburg with the Chaudière Bridge at the Ontario–Quebec boundary in downtown Ottawa.

Established in 1927, Highway 31 originally extended from Highway 2 north to the Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry – Carleton county line. It was extended into Ottawa in 1936, and had several routings through the city over the years. The southern terminus was altered with the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1958, and a bypass of Winchester was opened in 1974. The entire highway was decommissioned in 1997 and 1998, and transferred to lower levels of government. It has since been known as Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry (SDG) County Road 31 outside of Ottawa, and Ottawa Road 31 and several local names within Ottawa, notably Bank Street.

North Dundas, Ontario
North Dundas is a township in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry.

North Dundas is located approximately 50 km (31 mi) south of downtown Ottawa, midway between Ottawa and Morrisburg. It is primarily rural with a few small villages. It is spread across the South Nation River and the East Castor River watersheds.

The township was incorporated on January 1, 1998, by amalgamating the former townships of Mountain and Winchester with the independent villages of Chesterville and Winchester. The village of Winchester is the township's primary administrative centre.
Hiroaki Suga
Hiroaki Suga (菅 裕明, born February 21, 1963) is a Japanese biochemist and businessman. He is best known for his work on artificial ribozymes (flexizymes) and their application in mRNA display (RaPID, random nonstandard peptide integrated discovery).

Suga was awarded the 2023 Wolf Prize in Chemistry, jointly with Chuan He and Jeffery W. Kelly, "for pioneering discoveries that illuminate the functions and pathological dysfunctions of RNA and proteins and for creating strategies to harness the capabilities of these biopolymers in new ways to ameliorate human diseases."

Chuan He
Chuan He (Chinese: 何川) is a Chinese-American chemical biologist. He currently serves as the John T. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is best known for his work in discovering and deciphering reversible RNA methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. He was awarded the 2023 Wolf Prize in Chemistry for his work in discovering and deciphering reversible RNA methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation in addition to his contributions to the invention of TAB-seq, a biochemical method that can map 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at base-resolution genome-wide, as well as hmC-Seal, a method that covalently labels 5hmC for its detection and profiling.
1903 Penn Quakers football team
The 1903 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1903 college football season. The Quakers finished with a 9–3 record in their second year under head coach Carl S. Williams. Significant games included victories over Penn State (39–0), Brown (30–0), and Cornell (42–0), and losses to Columbia (18–6), Harvard (17–10), and Carlisle (16–6).  The 1903 Penn team outscored its opponents by a combined total of 370 to 57. Guard Frank Piekarski was the only Penn player to receive recognition on the 1903 College Football All-America Team; Piekarski received third-team honors from Walter Camp.

1903 Penn State football team
The 1903 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team was coached by Daniel A. Reed and played its home games on Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.
Spastic quadriplegia
Spastic quadriplegia, also known as spastic tetraplegia, is a subset of spastic cerebral palsy that affects all four limbs (both arms and legs).

Compared to quadriplegia, spastic tetraplegia is defined by spasticity of the limbs as opposed to strict paralysis. It is distinguishable from other forms of cerebral palsy in that those afflicted with the condition display stiff, jerky movements stemming from hypertonia of the muscles.

Spastic quadriplegia, while affecting all four limbs more or less equally, can still present parts of the body as stiffer than others, such as one arm being tighter than another arm, and so forth. Spastic triplegia, meanwhile, involves three limbs (such as one arm and two legs, or one leg and two arms, etc.); spastic diplegia affects two limbs (commonly just the legs), spastic hemiplegia affects one or another entire side of the body (left or right); and spastic monoplegia involves a single limb.

Spasticity
Spasticity  (from Greek  spasmos- 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles.

Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent.
Peter Sellars
Peter Sellars (born September 27, 1957) is an American theatre director, noted for his unique stagings of classical and contemporary operas and plays. Sellars is a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he teaches Art as Social Action and Art as Moral Action. He has been described as a key figure of theatre and opera for the last 50 years.

Salzburg Festival
The Salzburg Festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama established in 1920. It is held each summer, for five weeks starting in late July, in Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's operas are a focus of the festival; one highlight is the annual performance of Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman).

Since 1967, an annual Salzburg Easter Festival has also been held, organized by a separate organization.
Hedong Subdistrict, Fushun
Hedong Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 河东街道; traditional Chinese: 河東街道; pinyin: Hédōng Jiēdào; lit. 'river east') is a subdistrict and the seat of Shuncheng District, Fushun, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. As of 2018, it has six residential communities (社区) under its administration.

Shuncheng District
Shuncheng District (simplified Chinese: 顺城区; traditional Chinese: 順城區; pinyin: Shùnchéng Qū) is one of the four districts under the administration of the city of Fushun, in Liaoning Province, China. It has a population of about 420,000, covering an area of 277 square kilometres (107 sq mi).
Packard Automotive Plant
The Packard Automotive Plant was an automobile-manufacturing factory in Detroit, Michigan, where luxury cars were made by the Packard Motor Car Company and later by the Studebaker-Packard Corporation. Demolition began on building 21 on October 27, 2022, and a second round of demolition began on building 28 on January 24, 2023, which was wrapped up by April 1, however all demolition efforts by the City of Detroit halted, which stopped finishing demolition work of building 21. The Packard Plant currently sits empty and partially demolished, with many parcels still remaining.

Studebaker-Packard Corporation
The Studebaker-Packard Corporation is the entity created in 1954 by the purchase of the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan. While Studebaker was the larger of the two companies, Packard's balance sheet and executive team were stronger than that of the South Bend company.

In the spring of 1962, Studebaker-Packard reverted its name to "Studebaker Corporation". The following year, the South Bend plant was closed, while its Canadian plant in Hamilton, Ontario, continued to produce Studebaker cars until 1966. The South Bend plant would later be acquired by the Avanti Motor Company.

Studebaker Corp. merged with Worthington Corporation one year later. Studebaker-Worthington was a diversified American manufacturer operating the various business units of Studebaker, Wagner Electric and Worthington Corporation. The company was in turn acquired by McGraw-Edison in 1979.
Morza
Morza (plural morzalar; from Persian mirza) is a Princely title in Tatar states, such as Khanate of Kazan, Khanate of Astrakhan and others, and in Russia.

After the fall of Kazan some morzalar joined  Russian service. Some morzalar lost their landownerships and became tradesmen. In the Russian Empire morzalar gained equal rights with Russian nobility. After the October Revolution the majority of morzalar emigrated. Today the Assembly of Tatar Morzalar unites the rest of survived morzalar.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Anat jenchi
Middle-low Chuvash ( Anat Jenchi ) - are a sub-ethnos of the Chuvash. Their native area of settlement is in the northeast of Chuvashia. As a result of migrations, representatives of the middle-lower Chuvash have also settled in many other parts of the Southern Urals and Volga regions.

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Godečevo
Godečevo is a village in the municipality of Kosjerić in western Serbia. The village is 100 km southwest of Belgrade. Godečevo is 837 meters above sea level, and has 599 inhabitants. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 599 people. There are 104 people per square kilometer around Godečevo.

Kosjerić
Kosjeríć (Serbian Cyrillic: Косјерић, pronounced [kɔsjɛ̌rit͡ɕ]) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of western Serbia. The municipality has a population of 10,175 inhabitants and the town itself has 3,723 (2022 census). The municipality's area is 359 square kilometres (139 sq mi), with 26 villages mostly placed in the river valleys, though there are also some settlements in the mountains at altitudes of more than 1,000 metres (3,300 feet).
Gerrard, British Columbia
Gerrard is a ghost town in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia.  The settlement was at the south end of Trout Lake, east of Upper Arrow Lake.

Honouring banker George Bentley Gerrard, prior names were Selkirk and Twin Falls. The Canadian Pacific Railway's (CPR) Kootenay and Arrowhead Railway from Lardeau northwest to the terminus at Gerrard opened in 1902, where it connected with vessels on Trout Lake. At the time, the Great Northern  Railway commenced a parallel line, but soon abandoned the project, and CPR never extended its line farther northwest in the direction of Arrowhead. The company abandoned the Lardeau–Gerrard line in 1942.

Although comprising several scattered residences, the old settlement has disappeared with time. A campground exists about a kilometre to the northwest.

Arrowhead, British Columbia
Arrowhead is a former steamboat port and town at the head of Upper Arrow Lake in British Columbia, Canada. Apart from the cemetery, the initial site has been submerged beneath the waters of the lake, which is now part of the reservoir formed by Hugh Keenleyside Dam at Castlegar. However, the name still identifies the locality, and sometimes the local region.
2023 Perryton tornado
During the late afternoon hours of June 15, 2023, an intense and fatal tornado devastated northern portions of Perryton, Texas, killing three people, injuring over 100 others, and inflicting $1 million (2023 USD) in damages. The tornado destroyed around 200 homes, with many other structures and businesses sustaining damage. The tornado first touched down just to the northwest of Perryton, before tracking southeastward into the city. A mobile home park was significantly impacted, with dozens of trailers being completely destroyed. Several retail stores in the downtown area sustained low-end EF3 damage. The entire city suffered from a power outage following the tornado, as numerous power poles were downed. The tornado tracked 6.31 miles (10.15 km) through Ochiltree County, and was on the ground for 11 minutes. It was the first tornado to impact Perryton since May 26, 2021, and the first lethal tornado in the city since an F1 tornado killed one person on June 11, 1987.

Ochiltree County, Texas
Ochiltree County (/ˈɒkəlˌtriː/ OK-əl-TREE) is a county located in the panhandle of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 10,015. The county seat is Perryton. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1889 and is named for William Beck Ochiltree, who was an attorney general of the Republic of Texas. It was previously one of 30 prohibition or entirely dry counties in the state of Texas.