hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Massachusetts ballot measures
Three ballot measures were certified for the November 6, 2018, general election in the state of Massachusetts.

The Constitution of Massachusetts can be amended through initiative, and state statutes can be proposed through initiative. The first and second certified measures, "Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits" and "Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending", were both initiated state statutes. The third measure, "Gender Identity and Anti-Discrimination", was a veto referendum.

In Massachusetts, after the state determines which measure(s) will appear on the ballot, an official name is assigned to each question. The Secretary of the Commonwealth has discretion over the ordering of questions on the ballot.

2018 Massachusetts elections
The 2018 Massachusetts general election was held on November 6, 2018, throughout Massachusetts. Primary elections took place on September 4. Early voting took place from October 22 through November 2.

At the federal level, Elizabeth Warren was re-elected to the United States Senate, and all nine seats in the United States House of Representatives were won by Democratic Party candidates.

Incumbents seeking re-election won all major statewide seats: Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Auditor, and Treasurer.

In the Massachusetts General Court (state legislature), Democrats gained one seat in the Senate and two seats in the House.

The number of ballots cast, approximately 2.7 million, was the highest ever in Massachusetts for a midterm election.
1999 Volleyball America's Cup
The 1999 Volleyball America's Cup was the second edition of the annual men's volleyball tournament, played by six countries from North-, Central- and South America. The tournament was held from October 14 to October 23, 1999, in St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida (United States).

Volleyball America's Cup
The America's Cup was a continental cup in men's volleyball for North and South American nations organized by CSV and NORCECA with the first edition in 1998 and the last in 2008.

Seventeen years after the last edition the tournament returned in 2025 as a new men's format with the CSV's approval and  gaining a women's edition. In its new format the competition is based on points in a round-robin format and expected to take place annually.
2021 Women's Junior Pan American Championship
The 2021 Women's Junior Pan American Championship was the 12th edition of the Women's Pan American Junior Championship, the women's international under-21 field hockey championship of the Americas organized by the Pan American Hockey Federation.

The tournament was held alongside the men's tournament at the Prince of Wales Country Club in Santiago, Chile and was originally scheduled to take place from 30 November to 13 December 2020. On 29 May 2020 the Pan American Hockey Federation announced that the tournament was rescheduled and would take place from 12 to 25 April 2021. Later on 15 January, it was announced that the competition would take place from 22 to 28 August 2021.

Argentina were the defending champions, winning the 2016 edition. This tournament served as the Pan American qualifier for the 2021 FIH Junior World Cup, with the top three qualifying.

2016 Women's Pan-Am Junior Championship
The 2016 Women's Junior Pan-Am Championship was the 8th edition of the Women's Pan American Junior Championship. It was held from 31 March to 9 April 2016 in Tacarigua, Trinidad and Tobago.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2016 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, held in Santiago, Chile in November/December 2016.

Argentina won the tournament for the 7th time, defeating the United States 6–0 in the final. Chile won the bronze medal by defeating Canada 3–0 in the third and fourth place playoff.
Bok Tuklo County, Choctaw Nation
Bok Tuklo County was a political subdivision of the Choctaw Nation of Indian Territory, prior to Oklahoma being admitted as a state.  The county formed part of the Nation’s Apukshunnubbee District, or Second District, one of three administrative super-regions. The subdivision was located within the current McCurtain County.

Apukshunnubbee District
Apukshunnubbee District was one of three provinces, or districts, comprising the former Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory.  Also called the Second District, it encompassed the southeastern one-third of the nation.

The Apukshunnubbee District was named in honor of Chief Apukshunnubbee (also spelled Apuckshunubbee), a Choctaw warrior and statesman.  He was district chief of the Okla Falaya ("Upper Towns") District in the original Choctaw Nation of the Southeast. Many Choctaw from that area referred to the Apukshunnubbee District as the Okla Falaya District.  The other two districts were the Moshulatubbee District and Pushmataha District.: 40
2010–11 UTEP Miners men's basketball team
The 2010–11 UTEP Miners men's basketball team represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Miners, led by head coach Tim Floyd, played their home games at the Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas, as members of Conference USA. The Miners finished in a tie for 2nd in Conference USA, eventually advancing to the championship game of the Conference USA tournament, where they were defeated by Memphis.

UTEP failed to qualify for the NCAA tournament, but were given an at-large bid to the 2011 NIT. The Miners were eliminated in the first round of the NIT by New Mexico, 69–57.

2011 Conference USA men's basketball tournament
The 2011 Conference USA men's basketball tournament was held March 9–12, 2011, at the Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas.

Seeding for the tournament was determined by the conference standings at the end of the regular season.  Memphis defeated UTEP in the conference final by a score of 67–66. Memphis, as tournament champion, received an automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.
Marie Torhorst
Marie Torhorst (28 December 1888 – 7 May 1989) was a German school teacher and political activist who became an East German politician.  She served as Minister for People's Education in the state of Thuringia between 1947 and 1950. Some sources identify her as "the first-ever female minister (on state or national level) in the history of Germany". Others are content to record that, within Germany, she was the first-ever female minister in the state of Thuringia.

Marie Torhorst stated and proved what is today known as the Carathéodory-Torhorst theorem in her 1918 doctoral dissertation. The dissertation was subsequently lost and Torhorst's contribution was for many decades overlooked; but in the twenty-first century mathematics scholars are happy to acknowledge and celebrate her work.

End of World War II in Europe
The end of World War II in Europe occurred in May 1945. Following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April, leadership of Nazi Germany passed to Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz and the Flensburg Government. Soviet troops captured Berlin on 2 May, and a number of German military forces surrendered over the next few days. On 8 May, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel signed the German Instrument of Surrender, an unconditional surrender to the Allies, in Karlshorst, Berlin. This is celebrated as Victory in Europe Day, while in Russia, 9 May is celebrated as Victory Day.

Some fighting continued after the German surrender. Some battles continued on the Eastern Front such as the Courland Pocket in western Latvia surrendering on 10 May, and the Prague offensive in Czechoslovakia ending on 11 May. On 25 May 1945, the Battle of Odžak ended in a Yugoslav Partisan victory. Following the conclusion in the European theatre, the war continued in the Pacific theatre.
Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital
Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital (Malay: Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah; abbrev: HPSF) is a government-funded specialist hospital in Bandar Maharani, Muar, Johor, Malaysia. It is managed by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia.

Muar also known as the Royal Town of Bandar Maharani is located about 175 km from Johor Bahru, the state capital of Johor. It has an area of 2346.12 km2 and population of 437 164 people (c. 2007). HPSF is the third most important hospital in Johor after Sultanah Aminah Hospital and Sultan Ismail Hospital, both in Johor Bahru. It is also a referral hospital for to neighbouring districts Batu Pahat, Segamat and Tangkak hospitals in the northern region of Johor state.

Sultanah Aminah Hospital
The Sultanah Aminah Hospital (HSA; Malay: Hospital Sultanah Aminah) is one of the oldest historical government-funded district general hospital since 1882, it located in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. It is the largest hospital in Johor and the main referral and tertiary health centre for the state. HSA is also one of the busiest hospitals in Malaysia based on patient load. However, budget cuts have affected its level of service.
Yanomami humanitarian crisis
During the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022) and the second presidency of Lula da Silva (2023), a series of mass deaths, famine, forced displacements and other major human rights violations took place in the Brazilian Yanomami Indigenous Territory. Such events reportedly started or were aggravated from 2019 on as a consequence of rampant exploitation of natural resources by individuals and companies with state approval, and have been frequently said to constitute a genocide against the Yanomami people. It is part of the larger ongoing genocide of Indigenous peoples in Brazil.

Brazilian real
The Brazilian real (pl. reais;  sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.

As of April 2019, the real was the twentieth most traded currency.
History of Savoy (1792–1815)
In 1792, the Duchy of Savoy entered the revolutionary period with the arrival and occupation by the Legion of the Allobroges. The historical region experienced a situation similar to that of the French provinces. It became the Department of Mont-Blanc, with its capital in the former ducal capital, Chambéry. With the occupation of Geneva, the northern part of the duchy was separated in 1798 to form the Department of Léman. The duchy recovered its princes with the restoration in 1814 and then again in 1815.

1st Infantry Regiment "San Giusto"
The 1st Infantry Regiment "San Giusto" (Italian: 1° Reggimento Fanteria "San Giusto") is an inactive unit of the Italian Army last based in Trieste. Founded in 1624 as Regiment "Fleury" the regiment is part of the Italian army's infantry arm.
Moorooduc
Moorooduc is a town on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 54 km (34 mi) south-east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Moorooduc recorded a population of 1,004 at the 2021 census.

The Moorooduc Highway runs through the locality, being the main route between Melbourne and the Peninsula.

Moorooduc Post Office opened on 27 August 1890 and closed in 1980.

The Mornington Railway Preservation Society operates steam and diesel train services from Moorooduc railway station on weekends and public holidays.

A short walk from the tourist Moorooduc railway station is the Moorooduc Quarry Flora and Fauna Reserve (located in Mount Eliza).

Shire of Mornington Peninsula
The Mornington Peninsula Shire is a local government area in southeastern metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Located to the south of the Melbourne city centre, it covers its namesake Mornington Peninsula, and is headquartered in the suburb of Rosebud. It has an area of 724 square kilometres (280 sq mi) and at the 2021 census it had a population of 168,948.
Sandal (surname)
Sandal or Sandals is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bjørg Sandal (born 1955), Norwegian director and politician

Christian Sandal (1872–1951), Norwegian actor and theatre director

Liz Sandals (born 1947), Canadian politician

Marta Sandal (1878–1930), Norwegian singer

Mustafa Sandal (born 1970), Turkish pop music singer-songwriter, record producer

Nils R. Sandal  (born 1950), Norwegian politician

Reidar Sandal (born 1949), Norwegian politician

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Protein ZGRF1
Protein ZGRF1 is a protein  encoded in the human by the ZGRF1 gene also known as C4orf21, that has a weight of 236.6 kDa. The ZGRF1 gene product localizes to the cell nucleus and promotes DNA repair by stimulating homologous recombination. This gene shows relatively low expression in most human tissues, with increased expression in situations of chemical dependence. ZGRF1 is orthologous to nearly all eukaryotes. Functional domains of this protein link it to a series of helicases, most notably the AAA_12 and AAA_11 domains.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Misophriidae
Misophriidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Misophrioida.

Genera:

Arcticomisophria Martínez Arbizu & Seifried, 1996

Benthomisophria Sars, 1909

Dimisophria Boxshall & Iliffe, 1987

Fosshageniella Jaume & Boxshall, 1997

Misophria Boeck, 1865

Misophriella Boxshall, 1983

Misophriopsis Boxshall, 1983

Stygomisophria Ohtsuka, Huys, Boxshall & Ito, 1992

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Władysław Daniłowski
Władysław Daniłowski (also known by his pseudonyms Władysław Dan and Walter Dana, April 26, 1902 – March 4, 2000) was a Polish and American pianist, composer and singer. A pioneer of jazz and tango in Poland, in the United States he is best known as a promoter of polka music. He wrote the score for the first Polish sound film.

Julian Tuwim
Julian Tuwim (13 September 1894 – 27 December 1953), known also under the pseudonym Oldlen as a lyricist, was a Jewish-Polish poet, born in Łódź, then part of the Russian Partition. He was educated in Łódź and in Warsaw where he studied law and philosophy at Warsaw University. After Poland's return to independence in 1918, Tuwim co-founded the Skamander group of experimental poets with Antoni Słonimski and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz. He was a major figure in Polish literature, admired also for his contribution to children's literature. He was a recipient of the prestigious Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1935.
Cabinet department
A cabinet department or prime minister's department is a department or other government agency that directly supports the work of the government's central executive office, usually the cabinet and/or prime minister, rather than specific ministerial portfolios. Such a department is present in many parliamentary democracies. The department is roughly equivalent in function to a president's office in a presidential system of government or an office of the council of ministers in a semi-presidential system.

Cabinet Office
The Cabinet Office is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for supporting the prime minister and Cabinet. It is composed of various units that support Cabinet committees and coordinate the delivery of government objectives via other departments. As of December 2021, it had more than 10,200 staff, mostly civil servants, some of whom work in Whitehall. Staff working in the Prime Minister's Office are part of the Cabinet Office.
Marvinbryantia
Marvinbryantia is a cellulose and methylcellulose degrading bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae with one known species (Marvinbryantia formatexigens). Marvinbryantia formatexigens occurs in human feces.

Lachnospiraceae
The Lachnospiraceae are a family of obligately anaerobic, variably spore-forming bacteria in the order Eubacteriales that ferment diverse plant polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, acetate) and alcohols (ethanol). These bacteria are among the most abundant taxa in the rumen and the human gut microbiota. Members of this family may protect against colon cancer in humans by producing butyric acid. Lachnospiraceae have been found to contribute to diabetes in genetically susceptible (ob/ob) germ-free mice.
Characters in Hamlet
What follows is an overview of the main characters in William Shakespeare's Hamlet, followed by a list and summary of the minor characters from the play. Three different early versions of the play survive: known as the First Quarto ("Q1"), Second Quarto ("Q2"), and First Folio ("F1"), each has lines—and even scenes—missing in the others, and some character names vary.

Polonius
Polonius is a character in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.  He is the chief counsellor of the play's ultimate villain, Claudius, and the father of Laertes and Ophelia. Generally regarded as wrong in every judgment he makes over the course of the play, Polonius is described by William Hazlitt as a "sincere" father, but also "a busy-body, [who] is accordingly officious, garrulous, and impertinent". In Act II, Hamlet refers to Polonius as a "tedious old fool" and taunts him as a latter day "Jephtha".

Polonius connives with Claudius to spy on Hamlet. Hamlet unknowingly kills Polonius, provoking Ophelia's descent into madness, ultimately resulting in her (probable) suicide and the climax of the play: a duel between Laertes and Hamlet.
Silvio Scionti
Silvio Vittore Alberto Scionti (Italian: [ˈʃonti]; born 20 November 1882; d 22 May 1973) was an Italian-born American pianist and teacher.  Born in Acireale, Sicily, he trained at the Royal Conservatory in Naples.  He eventually settled in the United States, teaching at the American Conservatory of Music, the Chicago Musical College, and North Texas State College (now the University of North Texas College of Music) from 1942 to 1953, and privately in the Dallas area.  He performed as a soloist numerous times with the Chicago and Minneapolis orchestras, and frequently gave recitals.  In the 1920s, he toured the United States performing piano duos with former student Stell Andersen. After 1935, he and his wife Isabel toured Europe, Mexico, and the United States.  He also recorded a handful of piano rolls.

Scionti died in Rome.

University of North Texas College of Music
The University of North Texas College of Music, based in Denton, is a comprehensive music school among the largest enrollment of any music institution accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. It developed the first jazz studies program in the nation, and it remains one of the top schools for jazz.  As one of thirteen colleges and schools at the University of North Texas, it has been among the largest music institutions of higher learning in North America since the 1940s.  North Texas has been a member of the National Association of Schools of Music for 87 years. Since the 1970s, approximately one-third of all North Texas music students have been enrolled at the graduate level.  Music at North Texas dates back to the founding of the university in 1890 when Eliza Jane McKissack, its founding director, structured it as a conservatory.
FepA
Many bacteria secrete small iron-binding molecules called siderophores, which bind strongly to ferric ions. FepA is an integral bacterial outer membrane porin protein that belongs to outer membrane receptor  family and provides the active transport of iron bound by the siderophore enterobactin from the extracellular space, into the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria. FepA has also been shown to transport vitamin B12, and colicins B and D as well. This protein belongs to family of ligand-gated protein channels.

Because no energy is directly available to the outer membrane, the energy to drive the transport of ferric-enterobactin by FepA originates from the proton motive force (electrochemical gradient) generated by the inner membrane complex TonB–ExbB–ExbD. This force is relayed physically to FepA through direct interaction between FepA and TonB.

Porin (protein)
Porins are beta barrel proteins that cross a cellular membrane and act as a pore, through which molecules can diffuse. Unlike other membrane transport proteins, porins are large enough to allow passive diffusion, i.e., they act as channels that are specific to different types of molecules. They are present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive mycobacteria (mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes), the outer membrane of mitochondria, and the outer chloroplast membrane (outer plastid membrane).
2012 PBZ Zagreb Indoors
The 2012 PBZ Zagreb Indoors was an ATP men's tennis tournament played on hard courts indoors. It was the 10th overall edition of the PBZ Zagreb Indoors, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place in Zagreb, Croatia from January 28 through February 5, 2012. Mikhail Youzhny won the singles title.

Zagreb Indoors
The Zagreb Indoors (currently sponsored by PBZ) was a men's tennis event on the ATP Tour held in the Croatian capital of Zagreb, other than in 1998 when it was held in Split. From 1996-1998 the tournament was named the Croatian Indoors. From 2009 until 2015, it was a part of the ATP 250 Series and offered 250 ranking points. The tournament was played on a fast and hard indoor surface (RuKort) and featured both men's singles and men's doubles tournament.

The Zagreb Indoors was held for the first time in nine years in 2006. The tournament was an ATP International Series tournament from 2006 to 2008. Previously it had been an ATP World Series event from 1996 to 1997.

Due to financial difficulties the tournament was not held in 2016 and was replaced on the ATP calendar by the Sofia Open.