hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad
The European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad (EGMO) is a mathematical olympiad for girls which started in 2012, and is held in April each year. It was inspired by the China Girls Mathematical Olympiad (CGMO). Although the competition is held in Europe, it is open to female participants from all over the world, and is considered the most prestigious mathematics competition for girls. In recent years, participants from around 55 countries have been invited to the competition.

Mathematical olympiad
A mathematical olympiad is a mathematical competition where participants are examined by problem-solving and may win medals depending on their performance. It is usually aimed at pre-university students, and therefore, much of olympiad mathematics consists of elementary mathematics, though solutions may involve the use of calculus or higher-level mathematics. The biggest mathematics olympiad is the International Mathematical Olympiad. Since they measure some mathematical abilities of the students, They identify talented or gifted students in mathematics, who often receive opportunities for scholarships at universities.
History of Newcastle upon Tyne
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman Conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.

Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne
Heaton is a district and suburb in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, in Tyne and Wear, England, two miles (three kilometres) east of the city centre. It is bordered by the neighbouring areas of Walkergate to the east, Jesmond to the north west, Byker to the south, and Sandyford to the west. The name Heaton means high town, referring to the area "being situated on hills above the Ouseburn, a tributary of the River Tyne." The area is divided into South Heaton, and High Heaton, representing the north, respectively. For city council elections, the area is split between three wards: Heaton, Manor Park and Ouseburn. Until 1974 it was in Northumberland.
Robert Grave
Christianity portal

Robert Grave was an Anglican priest in the last years of the sixteenth century.

Born in Kent, he was educated at Cambridge University. He was appointed Dean of Cork in 1590; Precentor of Limerick in 1591; Precentor of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin in 1595; and Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin in July 1600. He and his family were drowned in Dublin Bay in October that year.

Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin
The Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin was the Ordinary of  Church of Ireland diocese of Ferns and Leighlin in the Province of Dublin. The diocese comprised all of counties Wexford and Carlow and part of counties Wicklow and Laois in Ireland.

The Episcopal see was a union of the bishoprics of Ferns and Leighlin which were united in 1597. Over two hundred and thirty-eight years, there were twenty-nine bishops of the united diocese. Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), Ferns and Leighlin were combined with Ossory to form the united bishopric of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 12 July 1835.
Nwonyo Fishing Festival
The Nwonyo Fishing Festival is a festival celebrated by the Ibi people in Taraba State, Nigeria. The lake is located 5 kilometres North of Ibi community, it is an annually celebrated festival where Ibi and its neighboring community comes together to fish and re-unite. The lake is said to be the largest in west Africa as it run 15 kilometres to the Benue River. The name Nwonyo means Hide-out for huge and dangerous aquatic Animals such as Crocodiles, Snakes, Hippopotamus and many more.

Danbaba Suntai
Danbaba Danfulani Suntai (30 June 1961 – 28 June 2017) was a Nigerian pharmacist and politician who served as the governor of Taraba State from 2007 to 2015.
He was involved in a self piloted aircrash on 25 October 2012, which left him incapacitated for the remainder of his term.
Mil Mi-10
The Mil Mi-10 (NATO reporting name Harke), given the product number izdeliye 60, is a Soviet military transport helicopter of flying crane configuration, developed from the Mi-6, entering service in 1963.  While most versions had been retired by 2009, the short-legged Mi-10K was still in service as of 2014.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
Mukhsha Ulus
Mukhsha Ulus (Tatar: Мухша олысы, موحشا ﯘلىسى, romanized: Muxşa olısı), or Naruchat Duchy (Tatar: Наручат бәклегел, ناروچات بەكلئگئل, romanized: Naruçat bäklege), was a subdivision of Golden Horde located in modern-day Mordovia, Penza Oblast and Tambov Oblast of Russia. It existed from the 13th to 15th centuries with its capital in Mukhsha. The bulk of its territory was situated between the rivers Sura and Tsna.

Mordvins and Burtas previously lived in the region. After the Mongol invasions, the population was mainly Mişär Tatars, and Moksha Mordvins. From 1313 to 1367, the district coined its own money. The population was mostly agricultural. Some were cattle-breeders and craftsmen.

In 1360, Tağay Beg conquered the ulus and it became a semi-independent duchy. In 1367, Mamai conquered that duchy. At the end of 14th century, the duchy declined, and at the beginning of the 15th century, the Russians conquered it.

Mordvins
Mordvins (also Mordvinians, Mordovians; Russian: мордва, romanized: Mordva, lit. 'Mordvins'; no equivalents in Moksha and Erzya) is an official term used in Russia and the Soviet Union to refer both to Erzyas and Mokshas since 1928.
Netzarim Junction
The Netzarim Junction is a road intersection in the central part of the Gaza Strip. It is formed by the intersection of Route 749 (running east-west, built by the IDF) within the Netzarim Corridor with Salah al-Din Road (running north-south, and one of the Gaza Strip's two main such roads). It was named after the former Israeli settlement of Netzarim.

On November 12, 1994, the Netzarim Junction bicycle bombing occurred. This killed three soldiers, six Israeli servicemen, and six Palestinians. In response, the Palestinian police cracked down and arrested over 100 Islamic militants.

On September 30, 2000, the killing of Muhammad al-Durrah occurred at the junction.

In August 2024, amidst the ongoing Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, Israel proposed adding an inspection mechanism to the junction, which the United States rejected.

The junction, as well as all of Salah al-Din Road, was closed by Israeli tanks in March 2025.

Route 749 (Gaza)
Route 749 (Hebrew: כביש 749), also known as the Cross-Gaza Highway (Hebrew: כביש חוצה עזה) or Netzarim Corridor (Hebrew: מסדרון נצרים) is an east–west road in the Gaza Strip, bisecting the strip into northern and southern parts. The road was built by the Israeli Defense Forces during the Gaza war in 2023 to facilitate Israeli military operations within the Strip.
History of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt spans the period of Egyptian history from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.

Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).

Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with the Canaanite Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after.

Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign.
Swe Zin Htet
Swe Zin Htet (Burmese: ဆွေဇင်ထက်; born 16 November 1998) is a Burmese model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Myanmar 2019.

In November 2019, Swe Zin Htet came out as a lesbian, and later that year she became the first openly lesbian woman to compete in a Miss Universe competition. Julia Lemigova of the Soviet Union competed in Miss Universe 1991, Patricia Yurena Rodríguez of Spain competed in the Miss Universe 2013 competition, and Mariana Varela of Argentina competed in Miss Universe 2019 with Htet, but they did not come out until after their respective competitions.

Julia Lemigova
Julia Lemigova, born Yulia Andreevna Lemigova (Russian: Юлия Андреевна Лемигова; born 26 June 1972) is a Russian former model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USSR 1990 and is married to Martina Navratilova. She is a cast member of the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of Miami.
History of the New York Rangers
The history of the New York Rangers began in 1926 when the National Hockey League (NHL) granted a franchise to Tex Rickard, the founder of the team. The Rangers experienced early success, winning the Stanley Cup in only their second season of existence, and would go on to win two more in the next 12 years.

After their Stanley Cup win in 1940, the Rangers then suffered through one of the longest championship droughts in NHL history, which became known as the Curse of 1940. The 54-year drought ended with a Stanley Cup win in 1994 by a team led by captain Mark Messier, Brian Leetch, Adam Graves and Mike Richter, all of whose numbers have since been retired by the team.

Frank Boucher
François Xavier Boucher (October 7, 1901 – December 12, 1977) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and executive. Boucher played the forward position for the Ottawa Senators and  New York Rangers in the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Vancouver Maroons in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) between 1921 and 1938, and again from 1943 to 1944. Boucher later became coach and the general manager of the New York Rangers between 1939 and 1955. He won the Stanley Cup three times, all with the Rangers: in 1928 and 1933 as a player, and in 1940 as the coach. Boucher was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958. Three of his brothers also played in the NHL, including Georges, who was also inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Crowned lapwing
The crowned lapwing (Vanellus coronatus), or crowned plover, is a bird of the lapwing subfamily that occurs contiguously from the Red Sea coast of Somalia to southern and southwestern Africa. It is an adaptable and numerous species, with bold and noisy habits. It is related to the more localized black-winged and Senegal lapwings, with which it shares some plumage characteristics.

Senegal lapwing
The African wattled lapwing (Vanellus senegallus) is sometimes called Senegal wattled plover.

The Senegal lapwing or lesser black-winged lapwing (Vanellus lugubris) is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It is found in the African countries of Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eswatini, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It lives primarily in open grassy habitats.
Surankote (town)
Surankote (Urdu pronunciation: [s̪uːɾənˌkoːʈ]) is a town in the Surankote Tehsil of the Poonch district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It occupies the Surankote valley, located between the Pir Panjal and ranges within the Himalayas. It receives snowfall in winters. It is famous for the existence of lakes (9 major and few small)  on the Pir Panjal range which are not still connected with the outside world. Although some people visit these lakes by foot for recreation and refreshment.

Noori Chamb
Noori Chamb is a waterfall in the headwaters of the Poonch River in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is named after the Mughal queen Nur Jahan.

Noori Chamb is located near the hill village of Bahramgala below Pir Panjal Pass (Peer Ki Gali)  in the Poonch district. It is at a distance of 10 km from Bufliaz. The Mughal Road passes next to it.

This place is linked with the Mughal history. According to local legends, it is named after Nur Jahan, the wife of emperor Jehangir. "Chamb" in local terminology is water fall. On the way to Kashmir, Nur Jahan used to bath in the waterfall.

Noori Chamb is the 2nd tallest plunge waterfall and a tourist attraction in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir.
2026 Fijian local elections
Municipal elections will be held on September 2026 in Fiji to elect members of various town councils. They will be the first local elections in the country since 2005. The elections were scheduled following increasing pressure by town councils over growing responsibility concerns.

2005 Fijian local elections
Local elections were held in Fiji on 22 October 2005 to elect the councils of eleven municipalities. In Suva, the elections for the Suva City Council were postponed until 12 November 2005 due to the death of two candidates; the death of a candidate in Lautoka also resulted in the poll postponement in one of the four wards.

The newly elected councils of most municipalities selected their Mayors on or before 28 October.  However, Suva and Lautoka selected their Mayors in mid-November after voting was completed. The Mayoralty changed hands in six municipalities, as party political control changed hands in the Councils of Lami, Labasa, Levuka, Savusavu, and Nasinu. In Nadi, the National Federation Party retained power, but decided to replace its Mayor.
2025–26 Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball season
The 2025–26 Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball season will begin with practices in October 2025, followed by the start of the 2025–26 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play will start in December 2025 and ended on March 1, 2026. After the regular season, the 2026 ACC women's basketball tournament will be held at the Gas South Arena in Duluth, Georgia.

Gas South Arena
The Gas South Arena (originally known as the Gwinnett Civic Center Arena, later known as The Arena at Gwinnett Center and Infinite Energy Arena) is an indoor arena in Gwinnett County, Georgia. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Atlanta. The arena is one of the many venues within the "Gas South District", which also includes a convention center with an events hall and a performing arts center.

It is the home of the ECHL's Atlanta Gladiators and the Georgia Swarm, a professional box lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League.
2008 Commonwealth Youth Games medal table
The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games, officially known as the III Commonwealth Youth Games, were a multi-sport event held in the Indian city of Pune from 12 to 18 October 2008. This was the first time in the history of the Commonwealth Youth Games that the Games were organised in Asia. At the Games, 1220 athletes between 14 and 18 years of age from 71 Commonwealth of Nations competed in nine sports.

Athletes from 34 nations won at least one medal, and athletes from 19 of these nations secured at least one gold. India lead the medal count for the first time in Commonwealth Youth Games, with 33 gold medals. Athletes from India also led the silver medal count, with 26 medals. Australia claimed 65 medals in total (including 24 gold), earning second spot on the table. Athletes from Australia led the bronze medal count, with 23 medals. Australia was the host nation of the 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games, in which it ranked first in the medal table, with 58 gold and 129 overall medals.

2008 Commonwealth Youth Games
The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games (Hindi: 2008 कॉमनवेल्थ यूथ गेम्स), officially known as the III Commonwealth Youth Games, and commonly known as Pune 2008, a regional sporting event that was held from 12 to 18 October 2008 in Pune, India, a city in the state of Maharashtra. They were the third Commonwealth Youth Games, which are held every four years; they were the first Commonwealth Youth Games to be held in Asia.

The III Commonwealth Youth Games were conducted from 12 to 18 October 2008. Over 1,300 athletes and 350 officials from 71 countries participated in these games.

The III Commonwealth Youth Games is unique for its green theme, which permeates all aspects of the Games. A special drive is being conducted by the game organisers to create a "save the tigers" campaign to promote awareness of the critical state of the Indian tiger.
Łukomierz
Łukomierz [wuˈkɔmjɛʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siemkowice, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Siemkowice, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Pajęczno, and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Siemkowice
Siemkowice [ɕɛmkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Siemkowice. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Pajęczno and 76 km (47 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Dolly Johur
Dolly Johur (born 17 July 1953) is a Bangladeshi film, television and stage actress. She earned Bangladesh National Film Awards –Lifetime Achievement (2021), Best Actress for her role in Shonkhonil Karagar (1992) and the Best Supporting Actress for Ghani (2006). In 2024, she was awarded the Ekushey Padak, the second highest civilian award in the acting category. Starting in the 1980s, she acted in total 161 films (as of August 2025).

Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement
The Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার আজীবন সম্মাননা) is one of the most prestigious film awards given in Bangladesh. Since 2009, awards have been given in the category.
James Dixon (Lancashire cricketer)
James Dixon (dates of birth and death unknown) was an English first-class cricketer, active 1878, who played for Lancashire in one match against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge. He scored 2 runs in Lancashire's first innings before being dismissed by Fred Morley. In the second innings, Dixon was dismissed by Alfred Shaw for a duck.

Alfred Shaw
Alfred Shaw (29 August 1842 – 16 January 1907) was a Victorian cricketer and rugby footballer, who bowled the first ball in Test cricket and was the first to take five wickets in a Test innings (5/35). He made two trips to North America and four to Australia, captaining the English cricket team in four Test matches on the all-professional tour of Australia in 1881/82, where his team lost and drew two each. He was also, along with James Lillywhite and Arthur Shrewsbury, co-promoter of the tour. He also organised the first British Isles rugby tour to Australasia in 1888.
Anemometer Hill
Anemometer Hill (68°11′S 67°0′W﻿ / ﻿68.183°S 67.000°W﻿ / -68.183; -67.000) is a hill 25 metres (80 ft) high northeast of Fishtrap Cove on Stonington Island, in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the East Base party of the U.S. Antarctic Service, 1939–41, which built its base on this island, and so named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee because the hill was the site of an anemometer in 1961.

Marguerite Bay
Marguerite Bay or Margaret Bay is an extensive bay on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is bounded on the north by Adelaide Island and on the south by Wordie Ice Shelf, George VI Sound and Alexander Island. The mainland coast on the Antarctic Peninsula is Fallières Coast. Islands within the bay include Pourquoi Pas Island, Horseshoe Island, Terminal Island, and Lagotellerie Island.  Marguerite Bay was discovered in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named the bay for his wife.
Thornton-on-the-Hill
Thornton-on-the-Hill (also called Thornton Hill) is a small dispersed village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, about two miles to the north of Easingwold. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Oulston.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Easingwold
Easingwold is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 4,233 at the 2001 census, increasing to 4,627 at the 2011 Census. It is located about 12 miles (19 km) north of York, near the foot of the Howardian Hills.
Dunalastair Water
Dunalastair Water (Scottish Gaelic: "Loch Dhùn Alastair") is an entirely man made reservoir in Scotland which lies between Loch Rannoch and Loch Tummel in Strath Tummel in Perth and Kinross council area. The loch provides water power for the Tummel hydroelectricity power station and has the reputation as one of the best wild trout fishing locations in the United Kingdom.

River Tummel
The River Tummel (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Theimheil) is a river in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Water from the Tummel is used in the Tummel hydro-electric power scheme, operated by SSE.

As a tributary of the River Tay, the Tummel is included as part of the River Tay Special Area of Conservation. The designation notes the river system's importance for salmon, otters, brook lampreys, river lampreys and sea lampreys.
Te Araroa (town)
Te Araroa is a town in the Gisborne District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is 175 km north of Gisborne city, along State Highway 35 between Tokata and Awatere. It is 100 metres from its local beach. Te Araroa is the birthplace of noted Māori politician Sir Āpirana Ngata. Māori in the area are mostly associated with the Ngāti Porou iwi.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the long path" for Te Araroa.

The township has a medical centre, general store, takeaways, fire station and police station. In 2006 the local pub, the Kawakawa Hotel was ravaged by a major fire. Recreational facilities include a children's playground, skate park and rugby domain.

Gisborne, New Zealand
Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,100 (June 2025). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city.