hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rantis
Rantis (Arabic: رنتيس) is a Palestinian town in the West Bank, located in the northwestern Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, 33 kilometers northwest of Ramallah. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,179 in 2017. Its population consists primarily of six clans: Danoun, Wahdan, Khallaf, Ballot, Dar Abo Salim, al-Ryahee and Hawashe.

Rantis has a land area 11,046 dunams of which 589 dunams are built-up area.    The town's main economic sector is agriculture and 20% of its land area is planted with crops. There are two primary schools and two kindergartens. Other facilities include three clinics, a bus station, a club and two 
mosques.

Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem
The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ; Arabic: معهد الابحاث التطبيقية - القدس) is a Palestinian NGO founded in 1990 with its main office in Bethlehem in the West Bank. ARIJ is actively working on research projects in the fields of management of natural resources, water management, sustainable agriculture and political dynamics of development in the Palestinian Territories.
Siege of Breslau (1757)
The siege of Breslau was a siege in the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) that began on 7 December 1757 and ended on 19 December 1757. After the defeat at Leuthen, the Austrians withdrew into Breslau. The combined Austro-French garrison of approximately 17,000 men, commanded by Lieutenant General Field Marshal Soloman Sprecher von Bernegg, faced a Prussian army commanded by Frederick the Great.

Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
Prince Charles Alexander Emanuel of Lorraine (French: Charles Alexandre Emanuel, Prince de Lorraine; German: Karl Alexander von Lothringen und Bar; 12 December 1712 in Lunéville – 4 July 1780 in Tervuren) was a Lorraine-born Austrian general and soldier, field marshal of the Imperial Army, and governor of the Austrian Netherlands.
Stockholm during the Age of Liberty
Stockholm during the Age of Liberty (1718-1772) is the period in the history of Stockholm when Sweden was governed by weak kings and a strong Riksdag where the Hats and Caps were fighting each other for influence.  The Age of Grand Power ended with Great Northern War, the death of Charles XII, the Stockholm treaties of 1719 and 1720.

During 1720–1850 Stockholm was a city in stagnation.  Financial resources were during this period being transposed from countryside to cities, which benefited rural areas dominated by free-holding peasants.  The Mälaren region, with its many large mansions, lost in influence to the benefit of western Sweden.  Welfare dwindled in Stockholm, and more so among the wealthy, which caused social classes to approach each other.

Caps (party)
The Caps (Swedish: mössorna) were a political faction during the Age of Liberty (1719–1772) in  Sweden. The primary rivals of the Caps were known as the Hats. The Hats are actually responsible for the Caps' name, as it comes from a contraction of Night-cap, a name used to suggest that the Caps were the soft and timid party. The Caps represented mostly peasants and clergymen.
Platinum group
The platinum-group metals (PGMs) are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6).

The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. However, they can be further subdivided into the iridium-group platinum-group elements (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the palladium-group platinum-group elements (PPGEs: Rh, Pt, Pd) based on their behaviour in geological systems.

The three elements above the platinum group in the periodic table (iron, nickel and cobalt) are all ferromagnetic; these, together with the lanthanide element gadolinium (at temperatures below 20 °C), are the only known transition metals that display ferromagnetism near room temperature.

Block (periodic table)
A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block.

The block names (s, p, d, and f) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the value of an electron's azimuthal quantum number: sharp (0), principal (1), diffuse (2), and fundamental (3). Succeeding notations proceed in alphabetical order, as g, h, etc., though elements that would belong in such blocks have not yet been found.
Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.

Iraq Museum
The Iraq Museum (Arabic: المتحف العراقي)  is the national museum of Iraq, located in Baghdad. It is sometimes informally called the National Museum of Iraq. The Iraq Museum contains precious relics from the Mesopotamian, Abbasid, and Persian civilizations. It was looted during and after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Despite international efforts, only some of the stolen artifacts have been returned. After being closed for many years while being refurbished, and rarely open for public viewing, the museum was officially reopened in February 2015.
Siege of Najaf (1918)
The siege of Najaf was an engagement between the British Army and Iraqi rebels in the city of Najaf during the First World War. The city had fallen under the control of four sheikhs in 1915 after an anti-Ottoman uprising, and was put under British control in 1917. In 1918, as it became clear that the British were aiming to occupy rather than liberate Iraq, an anti-British movement named Jam'iya al-Nahda al-Islamiya was formed in Najaf to oppose British rule. The uprising began on 19 March when a British officer, William M. Marshall  was assassinated in the citadel of Najaf. The British subsequently laid siege to the city on 23 March, cutting all supply routes to the city before it ultimately surrendered on 4 May 1918. Rebel leaders were sentenced to death on 25 May. The siege is often seen as a precursor to the 1920 Iraqi Revolt. The extent of the rebellion's impact on the development of Iraqi nationalism is disputed.

William Marshall (British Army officer, born 1865)
Lieutenant-General Sir William Raine Marshall GCMG KCB KCSI (29 October 1865 – 29 May 1939) was a British Army officer who in November 1917 succeeded Sir Stanley Maude (upon the latter's death from cholera) as commander-in-chief of the British forces in Mesopotamia. He kept that position until the end of the First World War.
John Thornton (Leicestershire cricketer)
John Arthur Curzon Thornton (24 February 1902 – November 1993) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Stoneygate, Leicestershire.

Educated at Uppingham School, Thornton made his first-class debut for Leicestershire against Kent in the 1921 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season's County Championship, against Warwickshire and Derbyshire. He scored 53 runs in his three matches with a high score of 19 not out, while with the ball, he took a single wicket.

He died at Cambridge, Cambridgeshire in November 1993. His brother Frank also played first-class cricket.

Uppingham School
Uppingham School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school for pupils 13–18) in Uppingham, Rutland, England, founded in 1584 by Robert Johnson, the Archdeacon of Leicester, who also established Oakham School. The headmaster, Richard Maloney, belongs to the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the school to the Rugby Group of British independent schools. Edward Thring was the school's best-known headmaster (in 1853–1887). His curriculum changes were adopted in other English public schools. John Wolfenden, headmaster from 1934 to 1944, chaired the Wolfenden Committee, whose report recommending the decriminalisation of homosexuality appeared in 1957. Uppingham has a musical tradition based on work by Paul David and Robert Sterndale Bennett. It has the biggest playing-field area of any school in England, in three separate areas of the town: Leicester to the west, Middle to the south, and Upper to the east.
Dark Under the Sun
Dark Under the Sun is a 1960 Australian TV play. It was written by Brisbane author, Chris Gardner, who also wrote The House of Mancello (1962) and A Private Island (1964). Australian TV drama was relatively rare at the time. The play concerned an interracial romance which led Filmink magazine to think it was "an indication that Australian television was willing to confront some of the nation’s trickier social issues head on." Other Australian TV plays to deal with racial issues included Burst of Summer. However the Aboriginal character is played by a white actor in blackface.

It was aired on ABC and ran for an hour on Wednesday 27 April 1960 at 8.30pm. It was produced in Melbourne.

The House of Mancello
The House of Mancello is a 1962 Australian TV drama shot in Melbourne about a new Australian family.

It was one of a series of six Australian plays produced by the ABC in 1962. The others were:

Boy Round the Corner

Funnel Web

The Teeth of the Wind

The Hobby Horse

Jenny
Imperial standard
The imperial standard is the flag used by an emperor and sometimes the members of his family. Today only Japan has a monarch with the imperial title.

Imperial Standard of Austria (1806–1918)

Imperial Standard of Byzantium (c. 1350)

Flags of the Empire of China (1862–1912)

Imperial Standard of Germany (1871–1918)

Imperial Standard of the Holy Roman Empire (12th Century-1806)

Imperial Standards of Iran (1926–1979)

Imperial Standard of Japan

Imperial Standard of the Ottoman Empire (Late 19th Century-1923)

Imperial Standard of Russia (19th Century-1917)

Imperial Standards of Iran
The Imperial Standards of Iran (Persian: پرچم‌های سلطنتی) were the personal official flags of the Shāhanshāh, Shahbānū, and Crown Prince of Iran, adopted at the beginning of 1971.

The official flag of Shāhanshāh consisted of a pale-blue field with the flag of Iran in the upper left corner and the Pahlavi coat of arms in the centre. At the top of the coat of arms was the Pahlavi crown, created for the Coronation of Rezā Shāh in 1926. The Imperial motto of Pahlavi is "Mara dad farmud va Khod Davar Ast" ("Justice He bids me do, as He will judge me" or, alternatively, "He gave me power to command, and He is the judge").

Pale blue was the colour of the Imperial Family. The uniforms of the Imperial Guard included this colour to show their allegiance.

Imperial Standard of the Shāhanshāh of Iran.

Imperial Standard of the Shahbānū of Iran.

Imperial Standard of the Crown Prince of Iran.
Gambrinus
Gambrinus (/ɡæmˈbraɪnəs/ gam-BRY-nəs; German: [ɡamˈbʁiːnʊs]) is a legendary European culture hero celebrated as an icon of beer, brewing, joviality, and joie de vivre. Typical representations in the visual arts depict him as a rotund, bearded duke or king, holding a tankard or mug, and sometimes with a keg nearby.

Though sometimes erroneously called a patron saint, Gambrinus is neither a saint nor a tutelary deity. It is possible his persona was conflated with traditional medieval saints associated with beermaking, like Saint Arnold of Soissons. In one legendary tradition, he is beer's inventor or envoy. Although legend attributes to him no special powers to bless brews or to make crops grow, tellers of old tall tales are happy to adapt them to fit Gambrinus. Gambrinus stories use folklore motifs common to European folktales, such as the trial by ordeal. Some imagine Gambrinus as a man who has an enormous capacity for drinking beer.

Lager
Lager is a style of beer brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Lagers can be pale, amber, or dark. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "lager" comes from the German word for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented.

As well as maturation in cold storage, most lagers are distinguished by the use of Saccharomyces pastorianus, a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures.
Deirgtine
The Deirgtine (Deirgthine, Dergtine, Dergthine), Clanna Dergthened or "Descendants of Dego Dergthened" were the proto-historical ancestors of the historical Eóganachta dynasties of Munster. Their origins are unclear but they may have been of fairly recent Gaulish derivation. Some evidence exists for their having been active in Roman Britain.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.
2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)
The North, Central American and Caribbean section of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as the qualifiers for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, to be held in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, for national teams which are members of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF). Three direct slots and two inter-confederation play-off slots in the final tournament were available for CONCACAF teams.

2026 FIFA World Cup qualification
The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification will decide the 45 teams that will join hosts Canada, Mexico, and the United States at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

Qualification began on 7 September 2023 with three matches of the CONMEBOL zone played that day. The first goal of the qualification series was scored by Colombian player Rafael Santos Borré against Venezuela.

Cape Verde, Curaçao, Jordan, and Uzbekistan all qualified for the first time, with Curaçao becoming the smallest nation to ever qualify, while Qatar had their first successful qualifying campaign after making their debut in the previous edition as hosts.
Somoholitidae
Somoholitidae is one of six families of the Somoholitoidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Somoholitoidea
Somoholitoidea is one of seventeen superfamilies of the Goniatitina suborder. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopodes, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
Mammillaria
Mammillaria is one of the largest genera in the cactus family (Cactaceae), with currently 200 known species and varieties recognized. Most of the mammillarias are native to Mexico, while some come from the Southwestern United States, the Caribbean, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras and Venezuela. The common name "pincushion cactus" refers to this genus and the closely related Escobaria.

The first species was described by Carl Linnaeus as Cactus mammillaris in 1753, deriving its name from the Latin mammilla, "nipple", referring to the tubercles that are among the distinctive features of the genus. Numerous species are commonly known as globe cactus, nipple cactus, birthday cake cactus, fishhook cactus or pincushion cactus (though such terms are also commonly used for related taxa, such as Escobaria or Ferocactus).

Mammillaria zeilmanniana
Mammillaria zeilmanniana is a species of cactus. It is endemic to Mexico, where it is known only from Guanajuato. It grows in a narrow canyon usually near water where there is high humidity, its total population is fewer than 250 individuals. It is threatened by illegal collection for the horticultural trade. Recent studies link this species to Mammillaria crinita.
1978–79 British Ice Hockey season
The 1978–79 British Ice Hockey season featured the Northern League for teams from Scotland and the north of England. A new format was introduced to replace the Southern League for teams from the rest of England. It consisted of two leagues called the Inter-City League and English League North.

Murrayfield Racers won the Northern League, Sheffield Lancers won the English League North and Streatham Redskins won the Inter-City League. Murrayfield Racers won the Icy Smith Cup.

Murrayfield Racers
The Murrayfield Racers were an ice hockey team based in Edinburgh, Scotland who were founded in 1952 as the Murrayfield Royals before changing their name to the Murrayfield Racers in 1966.

The team won the British Championship four times in four consecutive seasons from 1969 until 1972. The club was also the 1986–87 and 1987–88 British Ice Hockey League Champions and played in the BHL Premier Division from 1982 to 1995.

The Racers won the Northern League on seven occasions – in 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1980 and 1980 and the Benson & Hedges Cup in 1993.

In the mid-90s the club became the Edinburgh Racers before folding due to financial issues in 1996.

The Murrayfield Racers brand was resurrected in 2018.
History of Uttar Pradesh
The history of Uttar Pradesh, a state in India, stretches back several millennia. The region shows the presence of human habitation dating back to between 85,000 and 73,000 years ago. Additionally, the region seems to have been domesticated as early as 6,000 BC.

The early modern period in the region started in 1526 after Babur invaded the Delhi Sultanate, and established the Mughal Empire covering large parts of modern Uttar Pradesh. The remnants of the Mughal Empire include their monuments, most notably Fatehpur Sikri, Allahabad Fort, Agra Fort.

The region was the site of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, with revolts at, Jhansi, Meerut, Kanpur, and Lucknow. The region was also a site for the Indian Independence movement with the Indian National Congress.

After independence in 1947, the United Provinces were renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950.

In 2000, the state of Uttarakhand was carved out from Uttar Pradesh.

R. C. Majumdar
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (known as R. C. Majumdar; 4 December 1888 – 11 February 1980) was an Indian historian and professor known for promoting Hindu nationalist views. He principally studied the history of India.
Political families of Odisha
The list of political families, (where there have been more than one leader in a single family) from Odisha state of India. This only lists politician members.
The Biswal Family

Chiranjib Biswal

Ranjib Biswal

The Mahatab Family

Harekrushna Mahatab

Bhartruhari Mahtab, son of Harekrushna Mahatab

The Patnaik Family

Biju Patnaik

Naveen Patnaik, son of Biju Patnaik

The Kanungo Family

Sarala Devi

Nityanand Kanungo

The Satapathy Family

Nandini Satpathy

Tathagata Satapathy, son of Nandini Satapathy

The Pattanaik(j) family

Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

Jayanti Patnaik wife of above

Routray Family

Nilamani Routray

The Singhdeo Family

Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo

Raj Raj Singh Deo

Ananga Udaya Singh Deo

Arkesh Singh Deo

The Amin Family

Dewan Athar Mohammed

Sayeed Mohammed

Afzal-ul Amin

Hussain Rabi Gandhi

Afzal-ul Amin
Mohammed Afzal-ul Amin, popularly known as M.A. Amin, was an Indian statesman, politician and social worker from Cuttack, Odisha. He served as the general secretary of Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee during Biren Mitra's chief ministership. Afzal-ul was the Vice Chairman and later the Chairman of Cuttack Municipality and also the President of Odisha Mohammadan Association. He played a major role in  preserving Urdu language in Cuttack by establishing several lower primary and upper primary Urdu schools in the city and in amplifying the Bhoodan movement in Odisha. He is also credited for organising various nationalist meetings and for mobilizing the common masses in Cuttack during the Quit India movement of 1942.
Froila Vermúdez de Traba
Froila Vermúdez was a Galician nobleman born in the 11th century. He is the first known member of the House of Traba. This family was originally from the Costa da Morte. He was an important count in the north and north-west of Galicia. He died in Cospeito in 1091, and was buried in the monastery of Xuvia, with which he had maintained a close relationship. He left three daughters and three sons, of whom Pedro Fróilaz was his political heir. The family properties covered much of the territory north of river Tambre.

House of Traba
The House of Traba (or Trava), sometimes called the Fróilaz-Traba, was a Galician noble family of the high Middle Ages. The family can be traced back to the eleventh century. They are associated with a castle named Traba, probably in the county of Bergantiños, and also with the county of Trastámara.
Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland
The Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland is a voluntary professional association of solicitors in Scotland, representing lawyers who practise in and around the College of Justice.  The College of Justice comprises Scotland's two supreme courts: the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. Members use the abbreviation "SSC" after their names.

The Society was founded in January 1784 and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1797.

It is one of several similar societies in Scotland, along with the Society of Writers to the Signet in Edinburgh, the Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow and the Society of Advocates in Aberdeen.

Society of Advocates in Aberdeen
The Society of Advocates in Aberdeen is professional body of legal practitioners based in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland, and its surrounding area.

Prior to a change in rules, and ultimately the establishment of the Law Society of Scotland, the Society was responsible for the training, examination, authorisation and regulation of those engaged in legal practice in the North East of Scotland.

The Society is now a non-regulatory body which continues to provide facilities and services, such as a library and continuing professional development (CPD) training, along with social events for members. It has a similar role to the other law faculties in Scotland, such as the Society of Writers to His Majesty's Signet (WS Society) in Edinburgh and the Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow.

The Society is based in Advocates Hall, located on Concert Court behind Aberdeen Sheriff Court.