hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cathedral of Saint Étienne, Paris
The Basilica and Cathedral of Saint-Étienne in Paris, on the Île de la Cité, was an early Christian church that preceded Notre-Dame de Paris. It was built in the 4th or 5th century, directly in front of the location of the modern cathedral, and 250 meters from the royal residence, the Palais de la Cité. It became one of the wealthiest and most prestigious churches in France. Nothing remains above the ground of the original cathedral. It was demolished beginning in about 1163, when construction began on Notre-Dame de Paris. Vestiges of the foundations remain beneath the pavement of the square in front of Notre-Dame and beneath the west front of the cathedral. The church was built and rebuilt over the years in the Merovingian, Carolingian and Romanesque architectural styles.: 320–321

San Vitale, Rome
The early Christian imperial basilica of the Saints Martyrs Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio and Protasio known more commonly as the basilica of San Vitale and Compagni Martiri in Fovea (Roman Parish) or more simply as San Vitale al Quirinale. It is the oldest Catholic place of worship in the historic center of Rome, located in via Nazionale. The imperial basilica of San Vitale al Quirinale, built under the pontificate of Pope Siricius after 386 and consecrated and richly decorated by Pope Innocent in 402 (Luigi Hutter and Vincenzo Golzino) is the first public Christian basilica with a baptistery (still not found) not founded on pre-existing pagan temples, mentioned in the Liber pontificalis, built by the Emperor Theodosius at the behest of Saint Ambrose of Milan, in honor of the miraculous discovery of the bodies of martyrs Gervasius and Protasius in Milan. It is the most frescoed basilica in Rome.
Caetetus Ecological Station
The Caetetus Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus) is a state-level ecological station (ESEC) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It protects one of the last remnants of the semi-deciduous forest that once covered the west of the state, and is home to a population of the highly endangered black lion tamarin.

Ecological station (Brazil)
An ecological station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica) in Brazil is a type of protected area of Brazil as defined by the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC).
The purpose is to preserve untouched representative samples of the different biomes in Brazil.
Dexaroi
The Dexaroi (Ancient Greek: Δεξάροι) were an ancient Chaonian tribe living under Mount Amyron. In ancient literature the Dexari are mentioned only by the ancient Greek writer Hecataeus of Miletus (6th century BC), cited by Stephanus of Byzantium (6th century AD). The Dexaroi were the northernmost tribe that belonged to the Chaonian group, one of the three major North-Western Greek-speaking tribes of Epirus.

Mount Amyron has been identified by some modern scholars with Mount Tomorr, in present-day Albania. The mountain was probably located in a region that in Roman times was called Dassaretis. The Dexaroi have been supposedly equated with the Dassaretii by some scholars, hence they are also referred to as Dassaretae in some modern sources. However, all these hypothetical connections remain uncertain.

Creonion
Creonion (Ancient Greek: Κρεώνιον) was an ancient town in the southern Illyrian region of Dassaretia, mentioned by Polybius in the 2nd century BC in the accounts of the Illyrian Wars and Macedonian Wars. The location of the ancient town is still unknown. It was probably situated near Lake Lychnidus (Ohrid).

Along with Antipatrea, Chrysondyon and Gertous, Creonion was one of the Dassaretan towns around which the Illyrian dynast Skerdilaidas and the Macedonian king Philip V fought in 217 BC. Creonion was a settlement of unspecified size.
Southern Nigeria Regiment
The Southern Nigeria Regiment was a British Colonial Auxiliary Forces regiment which operated in Nigeria in the early part of the 20th century.

The Regiment was formed out of the Niger Coast Protectorate Force and part of the Royal Niger Constabulary.  The Lagos Battalion or Hausa Force was absorbed into the Regiment in May 1906 and became the Regiment's second battalion.

On 1 January 1914 the Southern Nigeria Regiment's two battalions were merged with those of the Northern Nigeria Regiment to become simply the Nigeria Regiment.

The regiment contributed most of the British troops during the Aro-Anglo war November 1901 to March 1902.

Niger Coast Protectorate
The Niger Coast Protectorate was a British protectorate in the Oil Rivers area of present-day Nigeria, originally established as the Oil Rivers Protectorate in 1884 and confirmed at the Berlin Conference the following year. It was renamed on 12 May 1893, and merged with the chartered territories of the Royal Niger Company on 1 January 1900 to form the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

The protectorate covered the eastern coast of what is today Nigeria, and in theory extended inland as far as Lokoja. It was established to better regulate and control the large trade in palm oil that was coming through both Calabar and the Niger Delta, and which had given the various rivers in the area the name of oil rivers.
Dicastery for Communication
The Dicastery for Communication (Latin: Dicasterium pro Communicatione, Italian: Dicastero per la Comunicazione) is a department (dicastery) of the Roman Curia with authority over all communication offices of the Holy See and the Vatican City State. Its various offices can be accessed through its website. These are the Pope's website and other offices such as Vatican News on the internet (including the former Vatican Media Center that distributes segments for television), the Holy See Press Office, L'Osservatore Romano newspaper, the Photograph Service, Vatican Radio, Vatican Press, and the Vatican Publishing House. The Pontifical Council for Social Communications has been subsumed into this new dicastery.

Vatican Media
Vatican Media, formerly Centro Televisivo Vaticano (lit. 'Vatican Television Centre') from 1983 to 2017, is the national broadcaster of the Holy See. It first aired in 1983 and is based in Vatican City.
Fritillaria tortifolia
Fritillaria tortifolia is a flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is found only in the northwestern part of Xinjiang Province, the extreme northwestern corner of China.

Fritillaria tortifolia produces bulbs up to 30 mm in diameter. The stem is up to 100 cm tall. The flowers are pendent, nodding, bell-shaped, whitish or very pale yellow with purple or brown markings.

formerly included

In 1989, Duan & Zheng  recognized several taxa at the varietal level, none of which is accepted in more recent sources. Some are now regarded as synonymous with Fritillaria tortifolia (see synonym list at right). Three others are now considered synonyms of Fritillaria verticillata:

Fritillaria tortifolia var. albiflora

Fritillaria tortifolia var. citrina

Fritillaria tortifolia var. parviflora

Fritillaria verticillata
Fritillaria verticillata is a flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan and the Altay region of Siberia.

It can grow to 60 cm (23.5 in) tall, usually with one flower at the top, but sometimes with as many as five. The leaves are mostly in whorls, with 4-7 leaves per node, each up to 10 cm long but rarely more than 10 mm across. The flowers are pendent, nodding, bell-shaped, white or pale yellow, sometimes with purple spots.

It formerly included the variety Fritillaria verticillata var. thunbergii  - now called Fritillaria thunbergii.
GM Financial
General Motors Financial Company, Inc. is the financial services arm of General Motors. The company is a global provider of auto finance, with operations in the United States, Mexico, Latin America, Canada, and China. Operations in Europe were sold to  PSA Groupe and BNP Paribas following the sale of GM's core area businesses Opel and Vauxhall in a $2.2 billion deal. The company is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, where it is downtown Fort Worth's largest employer.

Founded in 1992 as AmeriCredit Corp., the company was acquired by GM in October 2010 and renamed General Motors Financial Company, Inc. The company provides retail loan and lease programs through auto dealers for customers across the credit spectrum. They also offer commercial lending products, such as retail floorplan, construction and real estate loans, or insurance for car dealerships.

Before its acquisition by GM, the company ranked at 768 on the Fortune 1000.

Ally Financial
Ally Financial Inc. (known as GMAC until 2010) is an American bank holding company incorporated in Delaware and headquartered at Ally Detroit Center in Detroit, Michigan. The company provides financial services including car finance, online banking via a direct bank, corporate lending, vehicle insurance, mortgage loans, and other related financing services such as installment sale and lease agreements.

Ally is one of the largest car finance companies in the U.S., providing car financing and leasing for 4.0 million customers and originating 1.2 million car loans in 2024. It is on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets and has 3.3 million deposit customers with 6.3 million retail bank accounts. The company sold 556,000 vehicles in 2024 via its SmartAuction online marketplace for auto auctions, launched in 2000.
DAS Air Cargo
DAS Air Cargo was a Ugandan cargo airline based at Entebbe as Dairoo Air Services. It operated all-cargo services between Europe and 20 cities throughout Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Entebbe was a major hub for business in east and southern Africa and also for flights from Bangkok which stage through Dubai. Its main bases were London Gatwick Airport and Entebbe International Airport, with hubs at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, Nairobi, Dubai International Airport and Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos. The European office was at Crawley, England

Entebbe
Entebbe is a city in Central Uganda which is located on  Lake Victoria peninsula, approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the Ugandan capital city, Kampala. Entebbe was once the seat of government for the Protectorate of Uganda prior to independence, in 1962. The city is the location of Entebbe International Airport, Uganda's largest commercial and military airport, which gained worldwide attention in a 1976 Israeli rescue of 100 hostages kidnapped by the militant group of the PFLP-EO and Revolutionary Cells (RZ) organizations. Entebbe is also the location of State House, the official office and residence of the President of Uganda.
Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's high jump
The men's high jump competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 25 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Donald Thomas of the Bahamas.

Athletics at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's high jump
The men's high jump event of the athletics events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held  the 27 of October at the Telmex Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Víctor Moya of the Cuba.
1991 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1991 World Weightlifting Championships were held in Donaueschingen, Germany from September 27 to October 6, 1991. The Soviet Union, a major dominant force in the Championship, participated for the last time before its dissolution that same year.

World Weightlifting Championships
The World Weightlifting Championships is an international weightlifting competition, currently held annually (except for years of the Summer Olympic Games) by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). The predecessor organization of the IWF was founded in 1905, but World Championship events began before its foundation. The first recognized World Championship event was held in 1891, and was won by Edward Lawrence Levy of England.

Athletes today compete in a total of 16 weight categories (8 for men and 8 for women):

Men categories: 60 kg, 65 kg, 71 kg, 79 kg, 88 kg, 94 kg, 110 kg and +110 kg.

Women categories: 48 kg, 53 kg, 58 kg, 63 kg, 69 kg, 77 kg, 86 kg and +86 kg.
Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204)
This is a timeline of the presence of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece from 717 to 1204. The history of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically, as well as the territory now composing the modern state of Greece.

Council of Hieria
The Council of Hieria was a Christian council of 754 which viewed itself as ecumenical, but was later rejected by the Second Council of Nicaea (787) and by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, since none of the five major patriarchs participated. However, it is preferred over Second Nicaea by some Protestants. The council was significant in the controversy of Byzantine iconoclasm, condemning the veneration and production of religious icons as idolatrous and pagan, reflecting Byzantine Emperor Constantine V's iconoclasm. This council declared itself the 'Seventh Ecumenical Council', as did the Second Council of Nicaea.
Jason Shivers
Jason Shivers [SHY-verz] (born November 4, 1982) is an American professional football coach and former player. Shivers played professionally as a defensive back in the Canadian Football League (CFL), National Football League (NFL), and NFL Europe. He played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils and was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Chicago Bears, Hamburg Sea Devils, New York Giants, Toronto Argonauts, and Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Mallonia
Mallonia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Mallonia albosignata Chevrolat, 1858

Mallonia australis Péringuey, 1888

Mallonia barbicornis (Fabricius, 1798)

Mallonia granulata Distant, 1892

Mallonia orientalis Breuning, 1938

Mallonia patricii Breuning, 1938

Mallonia pauper Jordan, 1903

Mallonia albosignata
Mallonia albosignata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1858. It is known from Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe.
Sophia (empress)
Aelia Sophia (Greek: Σοφία) (c. 530 – c./aft. 601) was Eastern Roman empress as the wife of Emperor Justin II. Sophia participated in the governance of the empire; she took an interest in the financial and foreign policies, and served as regent alongside Tiberius II during Justin's incapacity from 573 until 578.

Monophysitism
Monophysitism (/məˈnɒfɪsaɪtɪzəm/ mə-NOF-ih-seye-tih-zəm) or monophysism (/məˈnɒfɪzɪzəm/ mə-NOF-ih-zih-zəm; from Greek μόνος monos, "solitary" and φύσις physis, "nature") is a Christological doctrine that states that there was only one nature—the divine—in the person of Jesus Christ, who was the incarnated Word. It is rejected as heretical by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Reformed Christianity (Calvinist), and all mainstream Protestant denominations, which hold to the dyophysitism of the 451 Council of Chalcedon—as well by Oriental Orthodoxy, which holds to miaphysitism.
João Fernando
João Fernando (born 7 November 1999) is a Portuguese judoka. Fernando took up judo at 5 years old, inspired by his father who practiced judo in his teenage years. Fernando represented Portugal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's 81 kg category in judo, where he lost to Canadian François Gauthier-Drapeau. At the 2025 European Cup in Málaga, Fernando won a silver medal after falling to Muhammed Koc. Fernando participated in the 2025 World Championships in Budapest, where he ranked 9th in the men's 81 kg category.

François Gauthier-Drapeau
François Gauthier-Drapeau (born 27 January 1998) is a Canadian judoka who competes in the men's 81 kg category and formerly in the 73 kg category. Gauthier-Drapeau was born in Alma, Quebec, Canada. Gauthier-Drapeau has won multiple medals at the World and Pan-American level.
Tree transducer
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a tree transducer (TT) is an abstract machine taking as input a tree, and generating output – generally other trees, but models producing words or other structures exist. Roughly speaking, tree transducers extend tree automata in the same way that word transducers extend word automata.

Manipulating tree structures instead of words enable TT to model syntax-directed transformations of formal or natural languages. However, TT are not as well-behaved as their word counterparts in terms of algorithmic complexity, closure properties, etcetera. In particular, most of the main classes are not closed under composition.

The main classes of tree transducers are:

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Neoabietic acid
Neoabietic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound classified as a diterpenoid with the molecular formula C20H30O2. This is a diterpenoid resin acid found in conifer resins, particularly in processed pine rosin. Neoabietic acid is a structural isomer of abietic acid and belongs to the abietane-type diterpene family. The compound forms primarily through thermal or chemical isomerization of abietic acid during the distillation and processing of crude rosin.

Abietane
Abietane is an organic compound with the formula C20H36.  It is a tricyclic, saturated hydrocarbon with an elaborate stereochemistry. It is a colorless solid.  It is of little biochemical interest except as a reference structure of the abietanes.
Ritzville Carnegie Library
The Ritzville Carnegie Library, located in Ritzville, Washington, is a building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1907 with a grant from Andrew Carnegie and still operates as Ritzville's library. It was designed by the Spokane architectural firm of Preusse & Zittel.

Daniel Buchanan created a library in 1902 when he donated 268 books to the town, and a small library was created above a store. In 1903, the town allocated $1000 toward the maintenance of the library. By 1906, the citizens of Ritzville had convinced Carnegie to help, and he pledged $10,000 toward a permanent library if the town secured and maintained a location for it. At that time, Ritzville was the smallest town in the United States to receive financial assistance from Carnegie for a library. Its basement was used for town council meetings.

Ritzville, Washington
Ritzville (/ˈrɪtsvɪl/) is a city in Adams County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,767 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Adams County. The city is part of the Othello, WA Micropolitan Area, which comprises all of Adams County, and is part of the larger Moses Lake-Othello, WA Combined Statistical Area.
FS1 (Austrian TV channel)
FS1 (or FS1 - Community TV Salzburg) is a non-commercial community television channel in Salzburg (Austria). Next to the Community TV okto in Vienna and dorf in Linz, it is the third non-commercial broadcaster with a 24-hour full (as opposed to specialized) program in Austria.

Since the launch on 16 February 2012, the channel has been broadcasting via DVB-C in many areas of the state of Salzburg. Over IPTV, the station is available nationwide.

Community television
Community television is a form of mass media in which a television station is owned, operated or programmed by a community group to provide television programs of local interest known as local programming.

Community television stations are most commonly operated by non-profit groups or cooperatives. However, in some cases they may be operated by a local college or university, a cable company or a municipal government.
Lancet letter (COVID-19)
The Lancet letter (also referred to as Calisher et al. 2020) was a statement made in support of scientists and medical professionals in China fighting the outbreak of COVID-19, and condemning theories suggesting that the virus does not have a natural origin, which it referred to as "conspiracy theories". The letter was published in The Lancet on February 19, 2020, and signed by 27 prominent scientists, gaining a further 20,000 signatures in a Change.org petition. The letter generated significant controversy over the allegations of conflicts of interest of its authors, most notably Peter Daszak's undisclosed relationship with the Wuhan Institute of Virology, and the chilling effect it had on scientists proposing that the COVID-19 lab leak theory be investigated.

Wuhan Institute of Virology
The Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIV; Chinese: 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所) is a research institute on virology under the Wuhan Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Located in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, it was founded in 1956 and opened mainland China's first biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory in 2018. The institute has collaborated with the Galveston National Laboratory in the United States, the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie in France, and the National Microbiology Laboratory in Canada. The institute has been an active premier research center for the study of coronaviruses.
Eudiscoelius
Eudiscoelius is an Australasian genus of potter wasps. They are notable for their strongly metallic green to violet bodies. The following species are among those included in Eudiscoelius:

Eudiscoelius bismarcki Giordani Soika, 1995

Eudiscoelius elegans (Smith, 1861)

Eudiscoelius elegantulus (Dalla Torre, 1894)

Eudiscoelius ferrugineipes Giordani Soika, 1995

Eudiscoelius gilberti (Turner, 1908)

Eudiscoelius lucens Giordani Soika, 1995

Eudiscoelius pulcherrimus Giordani Soika, 1995

Eudiscoelius rechbergi (Meade-Waldo, 1910)

Eudiscoelius saussurei (Kirsch, 1878)

Eudiscoelius solomon Giordani Soika, 1995

Eudiscoelius violaceus (Schulthess, 1903)

Eudiscoelius viridipes (Cameron, 1911)

Eudiscoelius viridis (Smith, 1858)

Potter wasp
Potter wasps (or mason wasps), the Eumeninae, are a cosmopolitan wasp group currently considered a subfamily of Vespidae, but sometimes recognized in the past as a separate family, Eumenidae.

Mud dauber wasps, which also build their nests with mud, are in the families Sphecidae and Crabronidae and not discussed here.