hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elena Romanovna
Elena Romanovna (died 1243) was a Grand Princess of the Kiev by marriage (m. 1210 or 1211) to Michael of Chernigov, Grand Prince of Kiev (r. 1236–1240, 1240, 1241–1243).

Elena Romanovna (or Maria Romanovna) was a daughter of prince Roman Mstislavich of Halych and his wife, Predslava Rurikovna of Kiev

Roman the Great
Roman Mstislavich (c. 4 April 1152 – 19 June 1205), also known as Roman the Great, was Prince of Novgorod (1168–1170), Volhynia (1170–1189; 1189–1205), and Galicia (1189; 1198/99–1205). He founded the Romanovichi branch of Rurikids, which would rule Galicia–Volhynia until 1340.

By seizing the throne of Galicia, he dominated the western regions of Kievan Rus'. In the early 13th century, Byzantine chroniclers applied the imperial title of autocrate (αύτοκράτωρ) to him, but there is no evidence that he assumed it officially.

He waged two successful campaigns against the Cumans, from which he returned with many rescued captives. The effect of Roman's victory was, however, undermined by new divisions among the princes of Rus'.

Roman was killed during the Battle of Zawichost, where his forces were crushed the Polish forces led by Leszek the White, Duke of Sandomierz, and his brother Konrad I of Masovia.
Fort Thorn, New Mexico
Fort Thorn or Fort Thorne, originally Cantonment Garland, was a settlement and military outpost located on the west bank of the Rio Grande, northwest of present-day Hatch, and west of Salem in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States.  It was named for 1st Lt. Herman Thorn of the 2nd U.S. Infantry drowned in the Colorado River in 1849.  He had previously been an aide to General John Garland, the new commander of the Ninth Military District, that encompassed New Mexico Territory in 1853.: 159, n.18

3rd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 3rd Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army. It currently comprises three active battalions and is readily identified by its nickname, The Old Guard, as well as its ceremonial role as Escort to the President. The regimental motto, Noli Me Tangere (“Touch Me Not”), reflects a longstanding tradition of discipline and vigilance. The regiment is a key component of the Military District of Washington (MDW) and is the oldest active regiment in the Regular Army, first organized as the First American Regiment in 1784. It has served as the official ceremonial unit of the U.S. Army since 1948.
Andrews County Veterans Memorial
The Andrews County Veteran Memorial is a memorial in Andrews, Texas which was created in 2006 as a tribute to those Andrews County residents who have served in the United States' armed forces. On entering the Andrews County Veterans Memorial, one can see fifteen engraved granite tablets. Each tablet is three feet wide and six feet tall, and weighs 2000 pounds. The tablets were built and installed by Sadler & Son Monument Works of Hobbs, New Mexico. The names of 2600 veterans from Andrews County are engraved on the tablets. The memorial incorporates works of art by Ray Simon of Youngstown, Ohio, and was completed at a cost of $150,000 which was raised via donation.

Soldiers from every major conflict in which America has participated are honored. There are three fallen Andrews County Soldiers honored at the memorial: Kenneth L. Boykin, Ronald D. Horn, and Ray M. Bevel.

Andrews, Texas
Andrews is a city in and the county seat of Andrews County in the Permian Basin of West Texas. Andrews sits to the far southwest within the Texas Panhandle's plains, about 30 miles east of New Mexico.

Andrews was incorporated on February 2, 1937. Both the city and county were named for Richard Andrews, the first Texan soldier to die in the Texas Revolution.

The population was 13,487 as of 2020.
Squire's theorem
In fluid dynamics, Squire's theorem states that of all the perturbations that may be applied to a shear flow (i.e. a velocity field of the form ), the perturbations which are least stable are two-dimensional, i.e. of the form , rather than the three-dimensional disturbances. This applies to incompressible flows which are governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. The theorem is named after Herbert Squire, who proved the theorem in 1933.

Squire's theorem allows many simplifications to be made in stability theory. If we want to decide whether a flow is unstable or not, it suffices to look at two-dimensional perturbations. These are governed by the Orr–Sommerfeld equation for viscous flow, and by Rayleigh's equation for inviscid flow.

Compressibility
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change. In its simple form, the compressibility  (denoted β in some fields) may be expressed as

,

where V is volume and p is pressure. The choice to define compressibility as the negative of the fraction makes compressibility positive in the (usual) case that an increase in pressure induces a reduction in volume. The reciprocal of compressibility at fixed temperature is called the isothermal bulk modulus.
Sekele language
Sekele is the northern language of the ǃKung dialect continuum. It was widespread in southern Angola before the Angolan Civil War, but those varieties are now spoken principally among a diaspora in northern Namibia. There are also a number of dialects spoken in far northern Namibia.

Sekele is known by a number of names. "Sekele" itself derives from Vasekele, the Angolan Bantu name. It is also known as Northern ǃKung, Northern ǃXuun, and Northern Ju. Two of the Angolan varieties have gone by the outdated term ǃʼOǃKung (or ǃʼO ǃuŋ [ǃˀoːǃʰũ], "Forest ǃKung") and Maligo (short for "Sekele Maligo"). There are several Namibian dialects, of which the best-known is Ekoka.

Okavango River
The Okavango River (formerly spelt Okovango or Okovanggo),  is a river in southwest Africa. It is known by this name in Botswana,  and as Cubango in Angola, and Kavango in Namibia. It is the fourth-longest river system in southern Africa, running southeastward for 1,600 km (1,000 mi). It begins at an elevation of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) in the sandy highlands of Angola. Farther south, it forms part of the border between Angola and Namibia, and then flows into Botswana. The Okavango does not have an outlet to the sea. Instead, it discharges into the Okavango Delta or Okavango Alluvial Fan, in an endorheic basin in the Kalahari Desert. The Cuito River is a major tributary.
Maalaala Mo Kaya season 21
Maalaala Mo Kaya (transl. Would you remember?; abbreviated MMK), also known as Memories in English, is a Filipino television series, which was first aired on May 15, 1991. MMK is the longest-running drama anthology on Philippine television.

Maalaala Mo Kaya
Maalaala Mo Kaya (transl. would you remember?, abbreviated as MMK) is a Philippine television drama anthology series broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Hosted by Charo Santos-Concio, its first iteration was aired from May 15, 1991, to December 10, 2022. The show returned for its second iteration on April 24, 2025 as a limited series for iWantTFC (now reverted into iWant) and consists of 13 episodes and on April 26, 2025 on the network's Yes Weekend line up. Its format is a dramatization of real life stories sent in by letter writers. It is the longest running drama anthology series in the Philippines.
National Labour Party (Czechoslovakia, 1925)
The National Labour Party (Czech: Národní strana práce) was a liberal party created in September 1925 in Czechoslovakia.  It was created from the split of the left-liberal part of Czechoslovak National Democracy. Central personalities of the party were Jan Herben and party chairman Jaroslav Stránský.
In 1925 parliamentary elections party got only 1.38% of the votes. Since 1926, the party cooperated with, and in 1930 merged with the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party.

The party was supported by public figures like Karel Čapek and Ferdinand Peroutka.

Czechoslovak National Democracy
The Czechoslovak National Democracy (Czech: Československá národní demokracie), called also Czechoslovak National Democratic Party (Czech: Československá strana národně demokratická), was a First Republic right-wing political party in Czechoslovakia.
Brunsberg (Harburg)
The Brunsberg is a 129 metres (423 ft) high hill on the northwestern edge of the Lüneburg Heath in northern Germany. It lies in the Brunsberg Nature Reserve, reserve no. LÜ 010 with an area of 60.6 hectares (150 acres), near Sprötze between the towns of Buchholz in der Nordheide and Tostedt. From its summit, covered with heather and grazed by moorland sheep, there is a good view over the neighbouring heaths and in good visibility the Wilseder Berg, 169 metres (554 ft), and Heidepark at Soltau can be seen to the south. To the southwest the tower of St. John's Church (Johanneskirche) can be seen in Tostedt. The view towards Hamburg is blocked by the Harburg Hills. Not far from the top is the holiday home for the youth organisation Deutsche Schreberjugend Landesverband Hamburg eV.

Wilseder Berg
At 169 m above sea level (NN), the Wilseder Berg is the highest point on the Lüneburg Heath in North Germany. Due to its position in the middle of the nature reserve Lüneburg Heath it is a popular tourist destination, especially in the period when the heather is in flower.
Åsane
Åsane is a borough of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  The borough makes up the northern part of the city, north of the city centre.

Åsane is connected to downtown Bergen by the E16/E39 highway.  The E16 highway continues on through Åsane to the southeast to the neighboring borough of Arna. The E39 highway continues north through Åsane to the Nordhordland Bridge and then on to the northern municipalities in Vestland county. There are plans to shorten the E39 highway through Åsane, including the construction of two tunnels: Eikås Tunnel (start of construction 2010) and the Nyborg Tunnel (still in the planning stages). Most buses passing through Åsane stop at the centrally located Åsane Terminal.

Arna, Bergen
Arna is a borough in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  It is one of eight boroughs in Bergen.  It encompasses the northeastern part of Bergen Municipality. The old Arna Municipality was merged into the city of Bergen in 1972 and since then it has been a borough within the city-municipality. The main population centres in the borough are the villages of Indre Arna, Ytre Arna, and Espeland.
Gmina Miedzna
Gmina Miedzna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Miedzna, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Węgrów and 80 km (50 mi) east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 115.78 square kilometres (44.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,102 (4,033 in 2013).

Węgrów County
Węgrów County (Polish: powiat węgrowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Węgrów, which lies 73 kilometres (45 mi) east of Warsaw. The only other town in the county is Łochów, lying 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Węgrów.

The county covers an area of 1,219.18 square kilometres (470.7 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 66,037, out of which the population of Węgrów is 12,628, that of Łochów is 6,825, and the rural population is 46,584.
Sosuke Takatani
Sosuke Takatani (高谷 惣亮, Takatani Sōsuke, born April 5, 1989) is an amateur Japanese freestyle wrestler, who competes in the middleweight category (under 74 kg).

Takatani represented Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, but was eliminated in the qualifying round.

At the 2016 Olympics he reached the quarterfinals, beating Talgat Ilyasov and Zelimkhan Khadjiev before losing to Galymzhan Userbayev.

He competed in the 92 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.

Talgat Ilyasov
Talgat Ilyasov (Kazakh: Талғат Ілиясов born 25 February 1981) is a Kazakh-Australian  wrestler. He competed in the men's 74 kilogram freestyle wrestling competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Ilyasov holds the position of President of Wrestling Australia.
Razorlight (album)
Razorlight is the second studio album by English indie rock band Razorlight. The album was released on 17 July 2006 in the United Kingdom and debuted at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart.

The band achieved their first and only number one hit from this album, with "America" peaking at the top of the UK Singles Chart in October 2006. The song also peaked at number 6 in Ireland, number 9 in the Netherlands, number 10 in New Zealand, number 17 in Austria, number 21 in Belgium, number 22 in France, number 29 in Switzerland and number 38 in Germany. "Before I Fall to Pieces" was a UK top 20 hit too, as was "In the Morning". "I Can't Stop This Feeling I've Got" was a minor hit.

The album has a more mature sound than their debut, and received a mixed reception. Although it scored 8/10 in NME, it was nominated for 'Worst Album' at the 2007 NME Awards – award winner Rudebox by Robbie Williams also scored 8/10.

Rudebox
Rudebox is the seventh studio album by the English singer Robbie Williams, released by Chrysalis Records on 23 October 2006 in the United Kingdom. A breakaway from previous releases, Williams worked with a variety of producers, including Mark Ronson, Soul Mekanik, Pet Shop Boys, William Orbit, Joey Negro, and Jerry Meehan. It also features two guest appearances from the Pet Shop Boys. Rudebox is a dance album with pop, disco, electronica and rap elements.

Rudebox received mixed reviews, but reached number one in 14 countries, including United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, Germany, Mexico, Argentina, Spain, Italy and Finland. It was supported by five singles: "Rudebox", "Kiss Me", "Lovelight", "Bongo Bong and Je ne t'aime plus" and "She's Madonna". "Rudebox" reached number one in Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and the top ten in several countries. "Lovelight" was a top ten hit in six countries, including the UK, where it reached number 8.
Omar Zaani
Omar Zaani (1885–1961) was a prominent Lebanese ballad poet and singer. He was known for using his art to criticize and revolt against social injustice throughout the different historical and political stages in his country, especially the Ottoman Empire occupation and French mandate of Lebanon. As a result, he was referred to as the "poet of the people", "son of the country", "Arab Voltaire", and "Molière of the East". His poems, which he delivered through songs and melodies, were usually written in spoken Arabic, so that they could be read and understood by people of different educational backgrounds. His art is still prevalent to this day.

Charles Debbas
Charles Debbas (Arabic: شارل دباس, romanized: Shārl Dabbās; 16 April 1884 – 22 August 1935) was a Greek Orthodox Lebanese political figure. He was the first President of Lebanon (before independence) and served from 1 September 1926 to 2 January 1934, under the French Mandate of Lebanon (known as Greater Lebanon). He also served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon from January to October 1934.
Dodman Island
Dodman Island is an island in the Biscoe Islands, 6.5 km (4.0 mi) long, lying 7.4 km (4.6 mi) south-east of Rabot Island and 18.5 km (11.5 mi) west of Ferin Head, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The island was charted and named by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.

Rabot Island
Rabot Island is an island 8 km (5 mi) long and 3 km (2 mi) wide, lying 1.6 km (1 mi) south of Renaud Island in the Biscoe Islands. First charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for Charles Rabot.

Originally discovered by John Biscoe.
Cognitive architecture
A cognitive architecture is both a theory about the structure of the human mind and a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science. These formalized models can be used to further refine comprehensive theories of cognition and serve as the frameworks for useful artificial intelligence programs. Successful cognitive architectures include ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational) and SOAR. 
The research on cognitive architectures as software instantiation of cognitive theories was initiated by Allen Newell in 1990.

A theory for a cognitive architecture is an "hypothesis about the fixed structures that provide a mind, whether in natural or artificial systems, and how they work together — in conjunction with knowledge and skills embodied within the architecture — to yield intelligent behavior in a diversity of complex environments."

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Earl Hays Press
The Earl Hays Press is a Los Angeles company providing props to cinema and television productions.  The company was established by Earl Hays in 1915 but in the 1960s was sold to employee Ralph Hernandez Senior whose descendants retain ownership.  The company specializes in producing generic printed matters such as food packages, documents and advertisements to avoid intellectual property issues with real brands. Earl Hays produces a number of generic newspapers, often these include standard layouts on inside pages, one of which has been featured in hundreds of films and television series. Other notable products are "Morley" cigarette packets, in imitation of the Marlboro brand, and facsimile currency.

Vehicle registration plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British, Indian, Pakistani English and Australian English), license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for commercial road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, for hire. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle or vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates.
L'Hôpital's rule
L'Hôpital's rule (/ˌloʊpiːˈtɑːl/ loh-pee-TAHL), also known as Bernoulli's rule, is a mathematical theorem that allows evaluating limits of indeterminate forms using derivatives. Application (or repeated application) of the rule often converts an indeterminate form to an expression that can be easily evaluated by substitution. The rule is named after the 17th-century French mathematician Guillaume de l'Hôpital. Although the rule is often attributed to de l'Hôpital, the theorem was first introduced to him in 1694 by the Swiss mathematician Johann Bernoulli.

L'Hôpital's rule states that for functions  and  which are defined on an open interval  and differentiable on  for a (possibly infinite) accumulation point  of , if  or  and  for all  in , and  exists, then

The differentiation of the numerator and denominator often simplifies the quotient or converts it to a limit that can be directly evaluated by continuity.

Limit inferior and limit superior
In mathematics, the limit inferior and limit superior (or limes inferior and limes superior) of a sequence can be thought of as limiting (that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for a function (see limit of a function). For a set, they are the infimum and supremum of the set's limit points, respectively. In general, when there are multiple objects around which a sequence, function, or set accumulates, the inferior and superior limits extract the smallest and largest of them; the type of object and the measure of size is context-dependent, but the notion of extreme limits is invariant. 
Limit inferior is also called infimum limit, limit infimum, liminf, inferior limit, lower limit, or inner limit; limit superior is also known as supremum limit, limit supremum, limsup, superior limit, upper limit, or outer limit.

The limit inferior of a sequence  is denoted by

and the limit superior of a sequence  is denoted by
2025 British Academy Television Craft Awards
The 26th Annual British Academy Television Craft Awards are scheduled to take place on 27 April 2025 at The Brewery in London, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize technical achievements in British television of 2024.

The nominees were announced on 27 March 2025 alongside the nominations for the 2025 British Academy Television Awards. The category for Best Children's Craft Team was added, increasing the number of competitive awards to twenty-three. Baby Reindeer and Rivals led the nominations with four each, followed by Storyville, Slow Horses and Mr Bates vs The Post Office, all with three. The most awarded programmes were Baby Reindeer, Slow Horses and Rivals, all with two craft awards each.

Baby Reindeer
Baby Reindeer is a British black comedy, drama and thriller television miniseries created by and starring Richard Gadd. It is adapted from his autobiographical one-man show. Directed by Weronika Tofilska and Josephine Bornebusch, it also stars Jessica Gunning, Nava Mau and Tom Goodman-Hill. It was released on 11 April 2024 on Netflix, where it had a strong viewership and was critically acclaimed.

Baby Reindeer won six Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Limited or Anthology Series, Outstanding Writing for Gadd, Outstanding Lead Actor for Gadd, and Outstanding Supporting Actress for Gunning. It also won two Golden Globe Awards: Best Limited or Anthology Series and Best Supporting Actress for Gunning.
Hungarian language
Hungarian, or Magyar (Magyar nyelv, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈɲɛlv] ⓘ), is a Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian communities in southern Slovakia, western Ukraine (Transcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje), and eastern Austria (Burgenland).

It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States and Canada) and Israel. With 14 million speakers, it is the Uralic family's most widely spoken language.

Onogurs
The Onoghurs, Onoğurs, or Oğurs (Ὀνόγουροι, Οὔρωγοι, Οὔγωροι; Onογurs, Ογurs; "ten tribes", "tribes") were a group of Turkic nomadic equestrians who flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe and the Volga region between the 5th and 7th centuries, and spoke an Oghuric language.