hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
How Countries Go Broke
How Countries Go Broke: Principles for Navigating the Big Debt Cycle, Where We Are Headed, and What We Should Do is a 2025 book written by hedge fund manager and founder of Bridgewater Associates, Ray Dalio. The book was published by Avid Reader Press.

The book was first featured on The New York Times Best Seller Hardcover Nonfiction list.

Debt crisis
A debt crisis is a situation in which a government (nation, state/province, county, or city etc.) loses the ability of paying back its governmental debt. When the expenditures of a government are more than its tax revenues for a prolonged period, the government may enter into a debt crisis. Various forms of governments finance their expenditures primarily by raising money through taxation. When tax revenues are insufficient, the government can make up the difference by issuing debt.

A debt crisis can also refer to a general term for a proliferation of massive public debt relative to tax revenues, especially in reference to Latin American countries during the 1980s, the United States and the European Union since the mid-2000s, and the Chinese debt crises of 2015.

The development charity CAFOD states that in current (2024) conditions, more than 50 countries are in debt crisis.
West Hendon
West Hendon is a district of Hendon in North London, in the London Borough of Barnet. It is the NW9 part of Hendon, located around the A5 Edgware Road and the Welsh Harp (Brent Reservoir). The area is known for the West Hendon Estate which is undergoing controversial regeneration.

Silk Stream
The Silk Stream is a brook just over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long in the London Borough of Barnet. It is one of the major components of the Blue Ribbon Network.

The Silk Stream is a tributary of the River Brent, which it joins at Brent Reservoir. It has several tributaries including Burnt Oak Brook, Edgware Brook, the Edgwarebury Brook and Deans Brook. The Silk Stream runs north–south through Colindale and Hendon. It gives its name to Silkstream Road, near Burnt Oak station, and the Silk Bridge Retail Park beside where it passes under the A5.

Silk Stream and Burnt Oak Brook are a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II.

The name Silk is believed to derive from sulh or sulc, Old English words for plough or furrow.
Abraham Lotha
Abraham Lotha is an Indian anthropologist from Nagaland and the former Principal of St. Joseph's College, Jakhama, Nagaland who served from April 2011 till May 2015. He serves as the current president of the Lotha Academy and also wrote several books on Naga anthropology. Lotha is an ethnic Naga.

Naga people
Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland and Naga Self-Administered Zone of Myanmar (Burma); with significant populations in Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and Sagaing Region and Kachin State in Myanmar.

The Nagas are divided into various Naga ethnic groups whose numbers and populations are unclear. They each speak distinct Naga languages often unintelligible to the others, but all are loosely connected to each other.
Idaho's 8th legislative district
Idaho's 8th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Steven Thayn, Republican of Emmett, Terry Gestrin, Republican of Donnelly, and Dorothy Moon, Republican of Stanley.

Boise County, Idaho
Boise County is a rural mountain county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 7,610. The county seat is historic Idaho City, which is connected through a series of paved and unpaved roads to Lowman, Centerville, Placerville, Pioneerville, Star Ranch, Crouch, Garden Valley, and Horseshoe Bend.

Boise County is part of the Boise metropolitan area.

The Bogus Basin ski area is in the southwestern part of the county. The county's eastern area contains the central section of the Sawtooth Wilderness, the western part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.

In 2010, the center of Idaho's population was in Boise County.
SD Negeri 020 Sepaku
State Primary School 020 Sepaku (Indonesian: Sekolah Dasar Negeri 020 Sepaku or SDN 020 Sepaku; National School Identification Number: 30402023) is a public primary school in Bumi Harapan, Sepaku, Penajam North Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Established in 1987, it serves over 300 students and holds an "A" accreditation. In 2025, the school relocated to a new campus, was designated as a model school for Nusantara's education roadmap, and was re-inaugurated in June of that year.

Penajam North Paser Regency
Penajam North Paser Regency is a regency in the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan. Its administrative centre is the town of Penajam. The area which now forms Penajam North Paser was part of the Pasir Regency until its creation as a separate regency on 10 April 2002. It covers an area of 3,455.86 km2 (of which 3,060.82 km2 is land area and 272.24 km2 is sea area) and it had 142,922 inhabitants at the 2010 census and 178,681 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid-2025 was 205,456 (comprising 106,346 males and 99,110 females). Penajam North Paser Regency has the smallest area among the seven regencies in East Kalimantan province.

The regency was historically part of the Paser Kingdom, which was a dependency of the Banjar Sultanate. It is the second youngest regency in East Kalimantan. In 2019, parts of the regency were designated to be included in the location of the new Indonesian national capital.
Bill LaVoy
Bill LaVoy is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives. Prior to serving in the House, LaVoy worked as the executive director of Monroe Public Access Cable Television.

He was first elected in 2012, was successfully reelected in 2014, before losing his bid for a third term in 2016.

In 2018 he challenged incumbent 
State Senator Dale Zorn in the 17th district, losing by 58% to 39%. At the same time his wife Michelle LaVoy faced Joe Bellino for his old house seat but she was also unsuccessful.

In 2013, LaVoy proposed a successful resolution that declared October 4 French-Canadian Heritage Day.

Dale Zorn
Dale W. Zorn (born December 31, 1953) is a retired American career politician. He was a member of the Michigan Senate for the 17th district and in the Michigan House of Representatives first from the 56th District and after his time in the Michigan Senate from the 34th district. Prior to his first stent in the Michigan House of Representatives he served 20 years on the Monroe County Board of Commissioners (including 4 years as chairman from 1996 to 2000), 6 years as a Raisinville Township trustee, and 4 years as a township constable. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Zorn's family is the owner of an automotive business, Zorn's Service Inc. Zorn belongs to several community organizations; including Fraternal Order of Police Lodge 113, and Monroe County Vietnam Veterans Chapter 142 (although he never served in Vietnam or the military).
Hunt (2022 film)
Hunt (Korean: 헌트; RR: Heonteu) is a 2022 South Korean spy action thriller film directed by Lee Jung-jae in his feature directorial debut. It stars Lee and Jung Woo-sung as NIS agents Park Pyong-ho and Kim Jung-do, who begin to suspect each other while hunting down a hidden spy within their organization, as they become entangled in a high-stakes operation known as South Korea's first assassination mission. The cast also includes Jeon Hye-jin, Heo Sung-tae, and Go Youn-jung in her film debut.

The film had its world premiere at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival in the Midnight Screenings section on 19 May 2022, and was released theatrically in South Korea on 10 August 2022.

Rangoon bombing
The Rangoon bombing of 9 October 1983 was an assassination attempt against Chun Doo-hwan, the fifth president of South Korea, in Rangoon, Burma. The attempt was orchestrated by North Korea. Although Chun survived, 21 people died in the attack and 46 were injured. One suspect was later killed, and the two other suspected bombers were captured, one of whom confessed to being a North Korean military officer.
Developer experience
Developer experience (DX or DevEx) is a field within software engineering that examines how developers think, feel, and interact with their work environments, tools, and processes. The field combines principles from human-computer interaction, user experience, organizational psychology, and software engineering to improve developer productivity and satisfaction through systematic measurement and optimization of the development process.

Platform engineering
Platform engineering is a software engineering discipline focused on the development of self-service toolchains, services, and processes to create an internal developer platform (IDP). The shared IDP can be utilized by software development teams, enabling them to innovate.

Platform engineering uses components like configuration management, infrastructure orchestration, and role-based access control to improve reliability. The discipline is associated with DevOps and platform as a service practices.
Arledge Field
Arledge Field (FAA LID: F56) is a public general aviation airport located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Stamford, Texas.  Owned by the city of Stamford, it provides general aviation service.  Approximately 80 aircraft use the airport on a weekly basis.

31st Flying Training Wing (World War II)
The 31st Flying Training Wing was a training formation of the U.S. Army Air Forces (AAF) during World War II.

The wing's mission was to train personnel of the U.S. Army Air Forces Training Command. Headquartered at Enid Field, Oklahoma, for most of its operational service, it controlled contract pilot schools primarily in the Central United States. There is no lineal connection to the 31st Fighter Wing.
Reid Bauer
Reid Bauer (born September 7, 1999) is an American former college football punter. He played for the Arkansas Razorbacks and the Memphis Tigers. He was awarded the college football 2021 Peter Mortell Holder of the Year Award.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Coed Gorswen National Nature Reserve
53°13′19″N 3°51′36″W﻿ / ﻿53.222°N 3.860°W﻿ / 53.222; -3.860
Coed Gorswen National Nature Reserve lies on the lower slopes of the Conwy Valley, in the vicinity of Rowen and Llanbedr-y-Cennin.

Its gentle landscape of small woodlands, grazed fields and lattice of hedgerows creates an attractive and peaceful lowland scene. Boulders up to the size of cars scattered across the reserve provide striking evidence of Ice Age activity. Its bouldery nature is perhaps what protected the woodland over the centuries as surrounding land was cleared for human use.

Llanbedr-y-Cennin
Llanbedr-y-Cennin is a small village in Conwy county borough, Wales, in the community of Caerhun.

It lies in the foothills on the western side of the Conwy valley, in Wales. The river Conwy runs through the valley, running into the sea to the north, at the town of Conwy, which is about five miles north of the village.  The village lies on the eastern edge of the Snowdonia National Park.  Near the village lies the Iron Age fort of Pen y Gaer.

The village itself has no bus service, but buses can be accessed at nearby Tal-y-Bont.

In recent years the village has become popular with ornithologists as one of the best places in Wales to observe rare hawfinches. They feed adjacent to the churchyard, attracting many bird watchers in early spring.
Napier Commission
The Napier Commission, officially the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Condition of Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands was a royal commission and public inquiry into the condition of crofters and cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.

The commission was appointed in 1883, with Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier, as its chairman, under William Gladstone's Liberal government of the United Kingdom. The Royal Commission had five other members and published its report, the Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners of Inquiry Into the Condition of the Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, in 1884. The other members were:

Sir Donald Cameron of Lochiel, Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Inverness-shire

Sir Kenneth Mackenzie of Gairloch

Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, MP for Inverness Burghs

Alexander Nicolson, Sheriff of Kirkcudbright

Professor Donald MacKinnon, first occupant of the Chair of Celtic, the University of Edinburgh.

Croft (land)
A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land. It is usually small and arable, and typically, though not always, includes a crofter's dwelling. A crofter is a person who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer in rural areas.

In Northern England, "crofter" was a term associated with tenant farming and rural employment. For example, in the textiles industry, it referred to someone who bleached cloth prior to dyeing by laying it out in fields known as "crofts".
Eparchy of Srem
The Eparchy of Srem (Serbian: Сремска епархија, romanized: Sremska eparhija) is an eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Syrmia (Srem) region, Serbia. Most of the eparchy is in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, and it also includes a small south-eastern part of Syrmia within the city limits of Belgrade, as well as some West Syrmian parishes in the border region of Croatia. The seat of the eparchy is at Sremski Karlovci. Since 1986, the diocesan bishop is Vasilije Vadić.

Metropolitanate of Karlovci
The Metropolitanate of Karlovci (Serbian: Карловачка митрополија, romanized: Karlovačka mitropolija) was a metropolitanate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed in the Habsburg monarchy between 1708 and 1848. Between 1708 and 1713, it was known as the Metropolitanate of Krušedol, and between 1713 and 1848, as the Metropolitanate of Karlovci. In 1848, it was elevated to the Patriarchate of Karlovci, which existed until 1920, when it was merged with the Metropolitanate of Belgrade and other Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the newly established  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to form the Serbian Orthodox Church.
The Entrance Tigers
The Entrance Tigers are a rugby league club based at The Entrance, New South Wales, Australia.They are competing in the 2025 Denton Engineering Cup & Central Coast Division Rugby League. They have previously competed in the Jim Beam Cup (2003-2007) and Ron Massey Cup (2010-2014). Their jersey is traditionally an all gold jersey with two black 'V's. In recent years they have included white in their jersey.

The Entrance, New South Wales
The Entrance is a coastal town in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area. At the 2021 census, The Entrance had a population of 4,244 people.

The town occupies a promontory bounded by water on three sides. The Entrance gains its name from the channel that runs along much of its northern border that is 'the entrance' to Tuggerah Lakes. The Entrance has been a holiday destination since the first guest house was established there in 1885.

The town has extensive tourist accommodation, with attractions including its beaches, lake and town centre. It is also used as a base for day trips to the Hunter Valley vineyards.
2000 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 2000 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 19th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place from April 13–15 in Boise, Idaho, hosted by Boise State University in the BSU Pavilion.

UCLA won the team national championship, the Bruins' second NCAA national title and first since 1998.

Heather Brink, from Nebraska, and Mohini Bhardwaj, from UCLA, shared the individual all-around championship with scores of 39.625.

NCAA women's gymnastics tournament
The NCAA women's gymnastics tournament is an annual competition sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to determine the team and individual national champions of women's collegiate gymnastics among its member programs in the United States. Unlike most other NCAA-sponsored sports, the women's gymnastics championship is not separated into divisions and uses a single National Collegiate tournament instead.
Togacantha
Togacantha is a genus of orb-weaver spiders found in Africa. It is monotypic and contains the single species Togacantha nordviei. It was first described as a subgenus of Gasteracantha by Friedrich Dahl in 1914, and was later elevated to genus status. Only the female was known until a male was found and described in 1982.

Gasteracantha
Gasteracantha is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. Species of the genus are known as  spiny-backed orb-weavers, spiny orb-weavers, or spiny spiders. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens.
Wharepapa South
Wharepapa South  is a rural community in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is split between Waipā District and Ōtorohanga District. It is located west of Tokoroa and east of Ōtorohanga.

Waipā District
Waipā District (or Waipa District) is a municipality in the Waikato region of New Zealand that is administered by the Waipā District Council. Its most populous town is Cambridge. The seat of the council is at the second most populous town, Te Awamutu. The district is south and south-east of the city of Hamilton. It has five wards: Te Awamutu, Cambridge, Pirongia, Maungatautari and Kakepuku.

Although the official name remains Waipa District, the council sought in 2020 a simpler means of changing to Waipā District, which is the orthographic form it uses.
Ehrenberg Island
Ehrenberg Island (Norwegian: Ehrenbergøya) is a minor island in the Bastian Islands in the Svalbard archipelago. It lies north of Lange Island.

The island has the shape of an inverted teardrop and its highest elevation is 30 meters (98 ft) above sea level. The closest neighboring islands are Lange Island about 500 meters (1,600 ft) to the south and Wilhelm Island about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the east. The wildlife consists largely of polar bears.

Most of the Bastian Islands were named during the First German North Polar Expedition in 1868. Ehrenberg Island is named after the German zoologist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.

Bastian Islands
The Bastian Islands (Norwegian: Bastianøyane) are a group of islands in Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard. The islands are located southeast of Wilhelm Island.

The islands are named after German explorer Adolf Bastian. The Bastian Islands are the northern islands of a larger group, and the southern islands of this group are called the Rønnbeck Islands.
DigitalOcean
DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational technology company and cloud service provider. The company is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado, US, with 15 globally distributed data centers. DigitalOcean provides developers, startups, and SMBs with cloud infrastructure-as-a-service platforms.

DigitalOcean also runs Hacktoberfest, a one-month-long celebration of open-source software held in October. Each year, it partners with different software companies, including GitHub, Twilio, Dev.to, Intel, Appwrite and Deep Source.

System administrator
An IT administrator, system administrator, sysadmin, or admin is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems, especially multi-user computers, such as servers. The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers they manage meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when doing so.

To meet these needs, a system administrator may acquire, install, or upgrade computer components and software; provide routine automation; maintain security policies; troubleshoot; train or supervise staff; or offer technical support for projects.
Riz à l'impératrice
Riz à l'impératrice (pronounced [ʁi a lɛ̃.pe.ʁa.tʁis]) is an elaborate molded version of rice pudding in French haute cuisine. Rice pudding is mixed with Bavarian cream, set in a charlotte mold, turned out and then decorated with candied fruits macerated in alcohol such as kirsch or maraschino.

The dessert is said to have been named in honor of the Empress Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of France from 1853 to 1870.

Marcel Proust refers to the dish in the first volume of In Search of Lost Time.

Charlotte (cake)
A charlotte is a type of bread pudding that can be served hot or cold. It is also referred to as an "icebox cake". Bread, sponge cake, crumbs or biscuits/cookies are used to line a mold, which is then filled with a fruit puree or custard. The baked pudding could then be sprinkled with powdered sugar and glazed with a salamander, a red-hot iron plate attached to a long handle, though modern recipes would likely use more practical tools to achieve a similar effect.

The variant charlotte russe, also called charlotte parisienne, created by the French chef Antonin Carême, uses a mold lined with ladyfingers and filled with Bavarian cream.

Classically, stale bread dipped in butter was used as the lining, but sponge cake or ladyfingers may be used today. The filling may be covered with a thin layer of similarly flavoured gelatin.
No–no paradox
The no–no paradox is a distinctive paradox belonging to the family of the semantic paradoxes (like the Liar paradox). It derives its name from the fact that it consists of two sentences each simply denying what the other says.

Liar paradox
In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox or antinomy of the liar is the statement of a liar that they are lying: for instance, declaring that "I am lying". If the liar is indeed lying, then the liar is telling the truth, which means the liar just lied. In "this sentence is a lie", the paradox is strengthened in order to make it amenable to more rigorous logical analysis. It is still generally called the "liar paradox" although abstraction is made precisely from the liar making the statement. Trying to assign to this statement, the strengthened liar, a classical binary truth value leads to a contradiction.

Assume that "this sentence is false" is true, then we can trust its content, which states the opposite and thus causes a contradiction. Similarly, we get a contradiction when we assume the opposite.
Mandy Aftel
Mandy Aftel (born 1948) is an American perfumer. She is the owner and nose behind the natural perfume line Aftelier as well as the author of nine books, including four books on natural perfume and a cookbook on essential oils.

Perfumer
A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a nose (French: nez) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for commercial food products.