hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Friedrich Meckel
Johann Friedrich Meckel (17 October 1781 – 31 October 1833), often referred to as Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Younger, was a German anatomist born in Halle. He worked as a professor of anatomy, pathology and zoology at the University of Halle, Germany.

Anatomical pathology
Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or anatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues. Over the 20th century, surgical pathology has evolved tremendously: from historical examination of whole bodies (autopsy) to a more modernized practice, centered on the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Its modern founder was the Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Morgagni from Forlì.

Anatomical pathology is one of two branches of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids or tissues. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
L'un n'empêche pas l'autre
L'un n'empêche pas l'autre is the eighteenth album by experimental French singer Brigitte Fontaine, released in 2011 on the Polydor/Universal label. Like Kékéland in 2001, it is mostly an album featuring duets. There are only four originals, the other songs are new recordings of rarities and older songs.

Kékéland
Kékéland is the fourteenth album by experimental French singer Brigitte Fontaine, released in 2001 on the Virgin Records label. It is almost entirely composed of collaborations. Fontaine exceptionally wrote two songs in English (Kékéland and God's Nightmare). Y'a des zazous is one of her rare covers, of French singer Andrex.

Because of the number of high-profile artists featured on the album, it had a better promotion and sold well, being certified gold record with more than 130,000 albums sold, a first for Fontaine.
Yankee (department store)
Yankee was an American discount department store chain begun in Flint, Michigan. Partners Joseph Megdell and Wilbert Roberts
opened their first store in 1948 to sell military surplus under the name U.S. Surplus. By 1964, it had become a discount chain with 21 stores throughout southeastern Michigan, primarily around Flint. Many of its locations were paired with local supermarket chain Hamady Brothers. Some larger stores, including those in Lansing and Bay City, were called Yankee Stadium.

Megdell and Roberts sold the chain to Borman Foods, then-parent of Farmer Jack supermarkets, in 1965. Borman unsuccessfully expanded the chain into Metro Detroit, closing those stores by 1971. Many of the Detroit stores were sold to Shoppers Fair. In 1972, Borman sold the Yankee chain to California-based Zody's. Zody's closed its Michigan operations in 1974 as part of the chain's bankruptcy proceedings.

Hamady
Hamady was an American supermarket chain based in Flint, Michigan, United States, which at its peak had 37 stores and 1,300 employees. Given the chain's pervasiveness in the area, paper grocery bags were known as “Hamady sacks”.
Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan
Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu: فرخ فتح علی خان) (25 December 1952 – 9 September 2003) was a Pakistani musician, who played the harmonium in Qawwali music. He was a member of the well-known family of Qawwali musicians, the Qawwal Bacchon ka gharana (Delhi gharana). He was the younger brother of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the son of Fateh Ali Khan, the nephew of Mubarak Ali Khan, and the father of Rahat Fateh Ali Khan.

Qawwal Bachchon ka Gharana
The Qawwal Bacchon Ka Gharana or Dilli Gharana is the oldest Qawwal gharana of the Hindustani Classical music tradition. It was founded by Amir Khusrau (1253-1325) and his students in the 13th century.
Kieran Tierney
Kieran Tierney (born 5 June 1997) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Scottish Premiership club Celtic and the Scotland national team.

Tierney came through the Celtic youth system and made his first-team debut in April 2015. After playing 170 games for the club, he joined Premier League side Arsenal in August 2019 for a fee reported at £25 million. After six years with Arsenal, including one on loan with La Liga club Real Sociedad, Tierney returned to Celtic in June 2025.

Tierney made his Scotland international debut in March 2016, and has since made more than 50 appearances for the senior side.

2017–18 Scottish League Cup
The 2017–18 Scottish League Cup  (also known as the Betfred Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 72nd season of Scotland's second-most prestigious football knockout competition.

The format for the 2017–18 competition remained the same as that which was introduced in the previous season's competition.

It began with eight groups of five teams which included all Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) clubs, excluding those competing in Champions League and Europa League qualifiers, as well as the winners of the 2016–17 Highland Football League (Buckie Thistle) and the 2016–17 Lowland Football League (East Kilbride).

The competition was won by Celtic, who beat Motherwell 2–0 in the final on 26 November 2017.
Merseburg charms
The Merseburg charms, Merseburg spells, or Merseburg incantations (German: Merseburger Zaubersprüche) are two medieval magic spells, charms or incantations, written in Old High German. They are the only known examples of Germanic pagan belief preserved in the language. They were discovered in 1841 by Georg Waitz, who found them in a theological manuscript from Fulda, written in the 9th century, although there remains some speculation about the date of the charms themselves. The manuscript (Cod. 136 f. 85a) is stored in the library of the cathedral chapter of Merseburg, hence the name. The Merseburg charms have been the subject of notable study since their discovery.

Bishopric of Merseburg
The Bishopric of Merseburg was an episcopal see on the eastern border of the medieval Duchy of Saxony with its centre in Merseburg, where Merseburg Cathedral was constructed. The see was founded in 967 by Emperor Otto I at the same time in the same manner as those of Meissen and Zeitz (from 1029: Naumburg), all suffragan dioceses of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg as part of a plan to bind the adjacent Slavic ("Wendish") lands in the Saxon Eastern March beyond the Saale River more closely to the Holy Roman Empire.

The prince-bishopric was re-established by King Henry II of Germany in 1004. It then covered a considerable small territory stretching from the Saale up to the Mulde River and the Margraviate of Meissen in the east.
World Chess Championship 1981
The 1981 World Chess Championship was played between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi in Merano, Italy from October 1 to November 19, 1981.  Karpov won with six wins against two, with 10 draws. The two players had already played against each other in the World Chess Championship match 1978 in the Philippines, when Karpov also won.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
North Dakota Highway 11
North Dakota Highway 11 (ND 11) is a 182.459-mile-long (293.639 km) east–west state highway in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The highway's western terminus is at U.S. Route 83 (US 83) west of Hague, and its eastern terminus continues as Minnesota State Highway 55 (MN 55) at the Minnesota/ North Dakota border.

U.S. Route 83 in North Dakota
U.S. Route 83 (US 83) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from the Mexico–United States border in Brownsville, Texas, to the Canada–United States border near Westhope, North Dakota. In the state of North Dakota, US 83 extends from the South Dakota border north to the Canada-United States border.
Trine Østergaard
Trine Østergaard Jensen (born 17 October 1991) is a Danish handball player for CSM București and the Danish national team. Østergaard is the captain of the Danish national team, and is the 4th most capped player ever on the Danish national team with 214 caps (as of December 2025).

Kvindeligaen (handball)
The Kvindeligaen (English: women's league) is the top professional league for Danish women's handball clubs. It is administered by the Danish Handball Federation, and the winners are recognized as Danish champions. The league was previously called Bambusa Kvindeligaen for sponsorship reasons. It has previously been known as HTH GO Ligaen, Primo Tours Ligaen, Boxer Dameligaen, TOMS Ligaen and GuldBageren Ligaen. The current title holder is Odense Håndbold (2025). The European Handball Federation (EHF) ranks the Danish league 4th in the coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past seasons.
Iliac plexus
The iliac plexus, also called iliac nerve plexus, is a twin nerve plexus covering the common iliac arteries The iliac plexus originates from the aortic bifurcation developing from the abdominal aortic plexus. The superior hypogastric plexus is also a continuation of the abdominal aortic plexus.

Superior hypogastric plexus
The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies anterior to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. It bifurcates to form the left and the right hypogastric nerve. The SHP is the continuation of the abdominal aortic plexus.
Claygate
Claygate is an affluent suburban village in Surrey, England, 14 miles (23 kilometres) southwest of central London. It is the only civil parish in the borough of Elmbridge. Adjoining Esher and Hinchley Wood to the west and north respectively, and bordered by green belt land to the south and east, Claygate lies within the Greater London Built-up Area.

Claygate was once in the main manor of Thames Ditton, but is now administered from Esher. It is primarily residential and has a small number of offices, outlying farms and two small shopping areas, the Old Village and the Parade, with hair and beauty shops, a supermarket, five pubs and a number of restaurants.

Claygate lies on the Claygate Beds, a clay formation up to 15 metres (50 feet) thick, which extends well beyond the village. These beds are the youngest part of the London Clay geological formation, forming a transition between the clay and the sandier Bagshot Beds above.

Milbourne Lodge School
Milbourne Lodge School is a co-educational pre-prep and preparatory school for children aged four to thirteen.

Located in Esher, Surrey, the school is housed in a Victorian mansion situated on 8.5 acres (3.4 ha) of Surrey countryside.
Chynorany
Chynorany (Hungarian: Kinorány) is a village and municipality in Partizánske District in the Trenčín Region of western Slovakia.

The village is located on the right bank of the river Nitra, approximately in the middle between the towns of Partizánske and Topoľčany. Northwest the terrain curves into the Bojice hillside, following the mountain range of Považský Inovec. To the south and east, behind the river Nitra, rises the mountain range of Tribeč.

Partizánske is 10 km northeast, Topoľčany 12 km southwest and Bánovce nad Bebravou 15 km north from Chynorany.

Nitra (river)
The Nitra (Slovak: Nitra, German: Neutra, Hungarian: Nyitra) is a river in western Slovakia. It flows into the Váh river in Komoča. Its source is in the Malá Fatra (Lesser Fatra) mountains north of Prievidza. The river Nitra passes through the towns of Bojnice, Topoľčany, Nitra and Nové Zámky. It is 166 km (103 mi) long and its basin size is 4,501 km2 (1,738 sq mi).: 72  The old branch of the Nitra, Stará Nitra, branches off near Nové Zámky and flows into the Váh close to its confluence with the Danube in Komárno.: 85
2016 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament
The 2016 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament was the 35th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division III women's collegiate basketball in the United States.

Thomas More defeated Tufts in the championship game, 63–51, to claim the Saints' first Division III national title. While this was the second consecutive tournament win for Thomas More, the Saints' previous title from 2015 was vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infractions and does not count for official records.

The national semifinal rounds were hosted by Capital University at the Capital University Performance Arena in Columbus, Ohio, while the national championship game was held alone at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana, also the site of the finals of that year's Division I and Division II tournaments.

Tufts Jumbos
The Tufts Jumbos are the varsity intercollegiate athletic programs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. The Jumbos compete at the NCAA Division III level as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC). Like all Division III schools, Tufts does not offer athletic scholarships. Coed and women's sailing are the only Division I sports at the school.

Tufts won the NACDA Directors' Cup in 2021–22 with the most successful athletic programs in NCAA Division III that year.

The University mascot is named for Jumbo the elephant. P.T. Barnum donated this famous circus animal's stuffed hide to Tufts University, where it was displayed at the P.T. Barnum Hall for many years. The hide was destroyed in a fire in April 1975. The salvaged ashes of Jumbo were placed in a peanut butter jar, which continues to serve as a good luck charm for Tufts athletics teams.
André Sapir
André Sapir is a Belgian economist and professor at the Solvay Brussels School of Economics & Management (Université libre de Bruxelles). He is also a senior fellow at Bruegel, the Brussels-based think tank.

Jean Pisani-Ferry
Jean Pisani-Ferry (born July 28, 1951) is a French economist and public policy expert. He is a fellow at think tanks Bruegel in Brussels and the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington, D.C. He is also a senior professor in economics and public management at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, and a professor at the European University Institute near Florence.

He served as Commissioner General for Policy Planning under Prime Minister Manuel Valls.

Prior to this appointment, he was Director of Bruegel, the Brussels-based economic think tank, which he had co-founded in the early 2000s together with Nicolas Véron. He was also a professor of economics with Université Paris-Dauphine.

Since 2010, he has written monthly columns for international media organization Project Syndicate.
Ed Seeman
Edward Seeman (July 16, 1931 – February 4, 2025), also known by the pseudonym Eduardo Cemano, was an American artist. His works spanned disparate fields, from animated television commercials for children to films of artistic nudity and hardcore pornography. He was also known for his cinemaphotography and for his work with Frank Zappa in the 1960s.

Clio Awards
The Clio Awards, or simply The Clios, is an annual award in advertising that recognizes creative excellence and innovation in communication and design, judged by advertising professionals from around the world. The awards are presented by Evolution Media.

The Clios has several awards programs alongside the larger Clio Awards that recognize creative marketing efforts in specific industries: Clio Cannabis, Clio Entertainment, Clio Fashion & Beauty, Clio Health, Clio Music, and Clio Sports. One work in each media type may be awarded the Grand Clio, the highest honor.

In 1991, the event was described as the most recognizable international advertising award by Time magazine; the "Oscars" of advertising.
1956 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1956 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen.

They were published for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, and New Zealand on 25 May 1956.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Black Watch
The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The regiment was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881, when the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot (The Black Watch) was amalgamated with the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot. It was known as The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) from 1881 to 1931 and The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) from 1931 to 2006. Part of the Scottish Division for administrative purposes from 1967, it was the senior Highland regiment. It has been part of the Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division for administrative purposes since 2017.
1985–86 Chicago Black Hawks season
The 1985–86 Chicago Black Hawks season was the 60th season in franchise history. The Black Hawks, led by three 40-goal scorers in Denis Savard, Troy Murray and Al Secord, captured the Norris Division title for the first time since 1982–83 but were swept out of the first round of the playoffs by the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Al Secord
Alan William Secord (born March 3, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left wing who played in the National Hockey League for twelve seasons from 1978–79 until 1989–90. In 2023, he retired as a Captain for American Airlines, flying Boeing 737s.
BVI Bar Association
The BVI Bar Association is a voluntary membership organisation for members of the legal profession in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). The Association was founded on 8 May 1976.  Of the eight founder members, half would go on to serve as president at some point.  Residency requirements for members (and the fact that membership is entirely voluntary) mean that not all members of the British Virgin Islands legal profession are members.  Most resident lawyers within the BVI do in fact join the BVI Bar Association, but it is relatively rare for non-resident lawyers to join (and most are not eligible to do so unless they hold Belonger status).  The BVI Bar Association currently has no statutory functions and it is open to membership by both Barristers and Solicitors within the jurisdiction.

House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands
The House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands, until 2007 known as the Legislative Council, has 15 members: 13 directly elected for four-year terms (nine in single-seat constituencies and four "at large"), and two ex officio members (the Attorney General and a Speaker chosen from outside the house).

Sittings of the House of Assembly are divided into "terms" with each term following from a general election. The House of Assembly is presently sitting its fourth term, but the first term of the House of Assembly followed the 15th term of the old Legislative Council. Accordingly, in aggregate the legislature is sitting its 19th term since the restoration of democracy in the Territory. Each term has a series of "sittings". At the end of each sitting the House is either prorogued until the next sitting, or dissolved for a general election.

The Corine George-Massicote was elected Speaker of the House on 26 May 2022. The official record is Hansard.
Genetic history of West Africa
The genetic history of  West Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of West Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway and place of dwelling for people in Africa during various humid phases and periods throughout the history of Africa.

Mende people
The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%.  The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The Mende are mostly farmers and hunters. Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba.

Like a majority of African nations, Sierra Leone's political parties are often tied to specific ethnic groups and have been dominated by the Mende, on the one hand, and the Temne and their long-time political allies, the Limba, on the other. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC).
Opial property
In mathematics, the Opial property is an abstract property of Banach spaces that plays an important role in the study of weak convergence of iterates of mappings of Banach spaces, and of the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear semigroups. The property is named after the Polish mathematician Zdzisław Opial.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Mizpah in Gilead (Judges)
Mizpah ('watch-tower', 'look-out') was a town in Gilead, where Jephthah resided, and where he assumed the command of the Israelites in a time of national danger. Here he made his rash vow; and here his daughter submitted to her mysterious fate (Book of Judges 10:17; 11:11, 34). Some scholars say it may be the same as Ramoth-Gilead (Joshua 20:8), and it is also believed by some that it is identical with the Mizpeh of Genesis 31:23, 25, 48, 49.

Jephthah
Jephthah (pronounced /ˈdʒɛfθə/; Hebrew: יִפְתָּח, Yiftāḥ) appears in the Book of Judges as a judge who presided over Israel for a period of six years (Judges 12:7). According to Judges, he lived in Gilead. His father's name is also given as Gilead, and, as his mother is described as a prostitute, this may indicate that his father might have been any of the men of that area. Jephthah led the Israelites in battle against Ammon and, in exchange for defeating the Ammonites, made a vow to sacrifice whatever would come out of the door of his house first. When his daughter was the first to come out of the house, he immediately regretted the vow, which bound him to sacrifice his daughter to God. Jephthah carried out his vow.

Traditionally, Jephthah ranks among the major judges because of the length of the biblical narrative referring to him, but his story also shares features with those of the minor judges, such as his short tenure—only six years—in office.