hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Movement of Democratic Socialists
The Movement of Democratic Socialists  (Greek: Κίνημα 
Δημοκρατών Σοσιαλιστών, Kinima Dimokraton Sosialiston) is a political party in Greece established on 3 January 2015 by George Papandreou after splitting from the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). The party officially uses To Kinima (Το Κίνημα, "The Movement") as the party's name abbreviation, although several media outlets and opinion pollsters have referred to it using the acronym KIDISO (ΚΙΔΗΣΟ).

Since 12 January 2017 it is a component of PASOK – Movement for Change.

Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
Afghan occupation of Patna (1748)
The Afghan occupation of Patna (1748) was a short-lived takeover of the city in January 1748 by dismissed Afghan soldiers led by Shamshir Khan and Sardar Khan. After Zain ud-Din Ahmad Khan, the Deputy Governor of Patna and nephew of Nawab Alivardi Khan, invited the Afghans to join his service, they assassinated him in the Chihil Sutun during a ceremonial audience on 13 January. Zain ud-Din’s father, Haji Ahmad, was captured, tortured for seventeen days to reveal hidden treasures, and died on 30 January. The Afghans plundered the palace, seized family members, and briefly held the city for three months before the revolt was suppressed by Alivardi Khan in the Battle of Rani Sarai.

Battle of Jagdishpur (1745)
The Battle of Jagdishpur was a decisive engagement in 1745 during the Afghan insurrections in Bengal (1745–1748), pitting the forces of the Nawab of Bengal, Zain-ud-Din Ahmed Khan, against the Afghan rebel Mustafa Khan. Depleted by his failed Patna campaign, Mustafa Khan led another attempt to capture the Bihar province. In a fierce battle near Jagdishpur, Mustafa Khan was shot dead by musket fire; his head was severed and displayed on a spear atop his elephant, causing the Afghan army to flee under his son Murtaza.
Yeshiva University Museum
The Yeshiva University Museum is a teaching museum and the cultural arm of Yeshiva University. Along with the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, New York, and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, it is a member organization of the Center for Jewish History, a Smithsonian Institution affiliate located in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan.

American Jewish Historical Society
The American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) was founded in 1892 with the mission to foster awareness and appreciation of American Jewish history and to serve as a national scholarly resource for research through the collection, preservation and dissemination of materials relating to American Jewish history.
Frá Fornjóti ok hans ættmönnum
Frá Fornjóti ok hans ættmönnum (Old Norse for "Of Fornjót and His Kinsmen") is legendary saga consisting of a collection of three works on the foundation of Norway:

Hversu Noregr byggðist ("How Norway was inhabited")

Fundinn Noregr ("Foundation of Norway")

Af Upplendinga konungum ("Of the Kings of the Uplands")

Af Upplendinga konungum
Af Upplendinga konunum is a short tale of the Norwegian part of the so-called Yngling. The saga consists of two short chapters in just over one book page, and is reproduced in Hauksbók.   Af Upplendinga konunum  does not exist in other manuscripts. The author is unknown, but he probably had a common source with Snorri Sturluson.  Af Upplendinga konunum  appears to be a simplified and shortened version of Snorri's far more famous Ynglinga Saga, but one does not think Snorri is the source for the author of  About Uplanders kings .  Rather, it seems that the  Af Upplendinga konunum  is somewhat older than Snorri's Ynglinga Saga.
Major Cineplex
Major Cineplex Group Public Co. Ltd. is the largest operator of movie theaters in Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. Combined with its subsidiary, EGV Entertainment, the company has 838 screens in 180 locations around Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. Among its properties is Thailand's largest multiplex, the Paragon Cineplex at Siam Paragon, with 16 screens and 5,000 seats, along with the IMAX theater. The second-largest chain in Thailand is SF Group.

Bowling alley
A bowling alley (also known as a bowling center, bowling lounge, bowling arena, or historically bowling club) is a facility where the sport of bowling is played. It can be a dedicated facility or part of another, such as a clubhouse or dwelling house.
The Five Foundation
The Five Foundation is an organisation working towards the elimination of the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). It was founded by Nimco Ali and Brendan Wynne. It was launched in September 2019 in New York and currently has signed-up partners which include Plan International, Action Aid, The ONE Campaign, Save The Children (UK), UN Women (UK) and Women for Women International.

In 2019, The Five Foundation advocated to have FGM included in the UK Children's Act. The Foundation has also been active in raising awareness of a case of a Kenyan doctor's attempts to legalise FGM, persuading Sudan to ban FGM in May 2020, working on a fatwa banning child marriage in June 2019, communicating how the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of FGM, and being a central player in getting the US Stop FGM Act passed in January 2021.

The Five Foundation also advocates for increased funding for grassroots African women's organisations and on the need to end the medicalisation of FGM.

UN Women
The United Nations Programme for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, is a United Nations agency charged with working for gender equality and the empowerment of women. UN Women is charged with advocating for the rights of women and girls, and focusing on a number of issues, including violence against women and violence against LGBT people.

UN Women was established by a merger of the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM, established in 1976) and other agencies and became operational in 2011. The organization operates under a governance structure and has an executive board representing different regions. Former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet was its inaugural executive director and Jordanian Sima Sami Bahous is its current executive director. UN Women is a member of the UN Development Group.
Onehunga Branch
The Onehunga Branch railway line is a section of the Onehunga Line in Auckland, New Zealand.  It was constructed by the Auckland Provincial Government and opened from Penrose to Onehunga on 24 December 1873, and extended to Onehunga Wharf on 28 November 1878. It is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) in length and is single-track only.

After being closed to passenger traffic on 19 January 1973 and mothballed in 2007, the line was reopened on 18 September 2010 with regular passenger services beginning on 19 September 2010.

Port of Auckland
Port of Auckland Limited (POAL), the successor to the Auckland Harbour Board, is the Auckland Council-owned company administering Auckland's commercial freight and cruise ship harbour facilities. As the company operates all of the associated facilities in the Greater Auckland area (excluding the ferry terminals and local marinas for recreational yachting), this article is about both the current company and the ports of Auckland themselves.
Nicole LeFavour
Nicole LeFavour (born February 8, 1964) is an American politician and educator from Idaho who served as an Idaho State Senator from 2008 to 2012. LeFavour had previously served in the Idaho House of Representatives from 2004 to 2008.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Avenue Victor-Hugo (Paris)
The Avenue Victor-Hugo (French pronunciation: [avny viktɔʁ yɡo]) is an avenue in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. It begins at the Place Charles de Gaulle (also known as the Place de l'Étoile) and ends at the Place Tattegrain (becoming the Avenue Henri-Martin). It is one of the twelve avenues beginning at the Étoile, and the second longest of the twelve, after the Avenue des Champs-Élysées.

Champs-Élysées
The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (UK: /ˌʃɒ̃z eɪˈliːzeɪ, ɛ-/, US: /ʃɒ̃z ˌeɪliˈzeɪ/; French: [av(ə)ny de ʃɑ̃z‿elize] ⓘ), usually shortened to the Champs-Élysées, is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. The avenue is 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés, and luxury shops; as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race; and for its annual Bastille Day military parade.

The name is French for the Elysian Fields, the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology. It has been described as the "most beautiful avenue in the whole world".
Jake Ford (gridiron football)
Jake Ford (born January 22, 1993) is an Australian former professional gridiron football punter who played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the Lions with the first overall pick in the inaugural CFL global draft in 2021. He played college football at Oregon, St. Augustine's, and Ouachita Baptist.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition, in particular body fat and muscle mass, where a weak electric current flows through the body, and the voltage is measured in order to calculate impedance (resistance and reactance) of the body. Most body water is stored in muscle. Therefore, if a person is more muscular, there is a high chance that the person will also have more body water, which leads to lower impedance. Since the advent of the first commercially available devices in the mid-1980s the method has become popular, owing to its ease of use and portability of the equipment. It is familiar in the consumer market as a simple instrument for estimating body fat. BIA actually determines the electrical impedance, or opposition to the flow of an electric current through body tissues, which can then be used to estimate total body water (TBW), which can be used to estimate fat-free body mass and, by difference with body weight, body fat.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA; also BMD test, bone density test, bone densitometry, p-DEXA) is a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with spectral imaging. Two X-ray beams, with different energy levels, are aimed at the patient's bones. When soft tissue absorption is subtracted, the bone mineral density (BMD) can be determined from the absorption of each beam by bone. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the most widely used bone density measurement technology.

The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis, as contrasted to the nuclear bone scan, which is sensitive to certain metabolic diseases of bones in which bones are trying to heal from infections, fractures, or tumors. It is also sometimes used to assess body composition.
County of Flinders
The County of Flinders is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. The county covers the southern part of the Eyre Peninsula “bounded on the north by a line connecting Point Drummond with Cape Burr, and on all other sides by the seacoast, including all islands adjacent to the main land.”

Coomunga, South Australia
Coomunga is a rural locality near Port Lincoln on lower Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. Both the Flinders Highway and the Eyre Peninsula Railway cross the locality from northwest to southeast. Coomunga Station was 21.6km from the Port Lincoln terminus.

The area is predominantly farmland. Other businesses in the area include a small winery and the West Coast Memorial Park and funeral directors. Formal boundaries were established in October 2003.

The railway from Port Lincoln opened as far as Coomunga in early June 1907, with the initial development extending to Cummins later that year. The station cease to be used long ago, and the entire line has been dormant since 2019.
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula [NH4]2CO3. It is an ammonium salt of carbonic acid. It is composed of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and carbonate anions CO2−3. Since ammonium carbonate readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt. It is also known as baker's ammonia and is a predecessor to the more modern leavening agents baking soda and baking powder. It is a component of what was formerly known as sal volatile and salt of hartshorn, and produces a pungent smell when baked. It comes in the form of a white powder or block, with a molar mass of 96.09 g/mol and a density of 1.50 g/cm3. It is a strong electrolyte.

Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. In contrast to early-twentieth century textbooks, numerous studies conducted since ca. 1990 identified H2CO3 as a real molecule with a distinct Raman spectrum and with a first-order life-time of ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated.

The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing process of all aerobic organisms and to the acidification of natural waters.
Butt Out
"Butt Out" is the thirteenth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 109th episode overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on December 3, 2003.

In the episode, the boys are caught smoking, but in order to avoid punishment, they blame tobacco companies for making them want to smoke. Film director and anti-smoking campaigner Rob Reiner arrives in the town and attempts to ban public smoking and bring down tobacco companies, using increasingly extreme and dishonest methods.

The episode pokes fun at the formulaic storyline of some South Park episodes (including the movie), which start with the boys getting themselves in trouble and inciting a controversy between the townsfolk and a national interest group (or a major catastrophe) while trying to avoid punishments, subsequently learning a lesson from this conflict.

South Park season 7
The seventh season of South Park, an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on March 19, 2003. The seventh season concluded after 15 episodes on December 17, 2003, and was written and directed by Trey Parker. It is the first full season of South Park since the fifth season to feature main character Kenny McCormick, who was mostly absent in the sixth season. The seventh season is also the last season to feature Eliza Schneider as the majority voice of the female characters.
Tobacco Protest
The Persian Tobacco Protest (Persian: نهضت تنباکو, romanized: nehzat-e tanbāku) was a Twelver Shia Muslim revolt in Qajar Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar to the British Empire, granting control over growth, sale, and export of tobacco to an Englishman, Major G. F. Talbot. The protest was held by merchants in major cities such as Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Isfahan in solidarity with the clerical establishment. It climaxed in a widely obeyed December 1891 fatwa against tobacco use issued by Grand Ayatollah Mirza Shirazi.

Nikki Keddie
Nikki Reichard Keddie (née Anita Ragozin, August 30, 1930) is an American scholar of Eastern, Iranian, and women's history. She is Professor Emerita of History at University of California, Los Angeles.
Spanx
Spanx, LLC is an American shapewear company founded in 2000 by Sara Blakely in Atlanta, Georgia. The company offers innerwear and outerwear, including activewear, apparel, denim, shapewear, swimwear, intimates, leggings, and hosiery. As of 2021, the company was valued at $1.2 billion and its products are sold in over 50 countries. Spanx is driven by Blakely's mission: "To help women feel great about themselves and their potential," a guiding principle that has lead the company to be one of the largest direct-to-consumer (DTC) fashion brands.

Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is an American upmarket department store chain founded in 1907 in Dallas, Texas by Herbert Marcus, his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman, and her husband Abraham Lincoln Neiman. The company is known for its luxury merchandise, including its annual offerings for the holiday season, inclusive of its Fantasy gifts. It was owned by the Neiman Marcus Group from 1987 to 2024, which also included Bergdorf Goodman and the clearance outlet Neiman Marcus Last Call, among others. In 2024 it was acquired by Saks Global. As of 2025 Neiman Marcus had 36 stores throughout the United States.
SCOsource
SCOsource is a business division of The SCO Group that managed its (now legally voided) Unix intellectual property. The term SCOsource is often used for SCO's licensing program that allowed corporate users of Linux to buy licenses to proprietary Unix technology that SCO claimed exists in the Linux operating system. A single CPU license costs US$699.

On July 21, 2003, SCO announced that it intended to sell binary-only licences to use the free Linux operating system which would remove the threat of litigation from licence-holders. Linux advocates reacted by stating that SCO had no basis for this action, as their claims were still disputed in court, and that the terms of the GPL seemed to indicate that doing this may cause SCO to forfeit their rights to distribute Linux or Linux-derived code in any form.

Groklaw
Groklaw was a website that covered legal news of interest to the free and open source software community. Started as a law blog on May 16, 2003, by paralegal Pamela Jones ("PJ"), it covered issues such as the SCO-Linux lawsuits, the EU antitrust case against Microsoft, and the standardization of Office Open XML.

Jones described Groklaw as "a place where lawyers and geeks could explain things to each other and work together, so they'd understand each other's work better".

Its name derives from "grok", roughly meaning "to understand completely", which had previously entered geek slang.

Other topics covered included software patents, DMCA, the actions of the RIAA against alleged illegal file sharers, and actions against free and open software such as Android and Linux.
Russian frigate Admiral Essen
Admiral Essen is a frigate of the Admiral Grigorovich class of the Russian Navy named in honour of Admiral Nikolai Ottovich von Essen. The ship construction begun at the Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad in July 2011, and it was launched in November 2014. It is based with the Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol.

Project 11356R frigate
The Admiral Grigorovich class (also referred to as Krivak V class), Russian designation Project 11356R, is a class of frigates built by the Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad for the Russian Navy and Indian Navy, with a cost of $450–500 million. Based on the Talwar class, six ships were ordered for the Russian Black Sea Fleet under two contracts in 2010 and 2011 as a complement to the Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates.
Šulcava
Šulcava (Šolcava, formerly Russian: Шульцово, Polish: Szulcowo) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Pašušvys, by the Krakės-Betygala road, on the edge of the Lapkalnys-Paliepiai Forest. The Gynėvė river source in nearby Šulcava.

Krakės
Krakės (formerly Krakiai ) is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Smilgaitis River. In the town, there are the Catholic church of St. Matthew the Evangelist (built in 1907), Mikalojus Katkus gymnasium, library, medicine station, St. Catherine women convent, Krakės Agriculture Cooperative with former culture center, swimming pool and shop (built in 1983, architect K. Žalnierius). There is the Vytautas Ulevičius museum of wooden sculptures.

Krakės is on the eastern boundary of the Nevėžis Plain, on the Krakės Ridge (altitude 95–100 meters). Roads go to Betygala, Grinkiškis, Kėdainiai, Bokštai, Gudžiūnai and Josvainiai. The Krakės-Dotnuva Forest is 2–3 km away from the town.
Ma'dikarib Ya'fur
Ma'dikarib Ya'fur (Arabic: معد كرب يعفر) also romanized as Mu'di Karab Ya'fir, was a Himyarite king who ruled in the 6th century CE. Ma'dikarib Ya'fur was an adherent to Christianity, and served as a vassal ruler over Yemen under the Aksumite Empire. His rule is only attested to in two archaeological inscriptions which date to around 521 CE.

Dhu Nuwas
Dhū Nuwās (Arabic: ذُو نُوَاس), real name Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar (Musnad: 𐩺𐩥𐩪𐩰 𐩱𐩪𐩱𐩧 𐩺𐩻𐩱𐩧, Yws¹f ʾs¹ʾr Yṯʾr), Yosef Nu'as (Hebrew: יוסף נואס), or Yūsuf bin Sharhabil (Arabic: يُوْسُف ٱبْن شَرْحَبِيْل), also known as Masruq in Syriac, and Dounaas (Δουναας) in Medieval Greek, was a Jewish king of Himyar reigning between AD 522–530 who became infamous for his persecutions of peoples of other religions, notably Christians living in his kingdom. He was also known as Zur'ah in the Arab traditions.
Sternotherus odoratus
Sternotherus odoratus is a species of small turtle in the family Kinosternidae. The species is native to southeastern Canada and much of the Eastern United States. It is also known commonly as the common musk turtle, eastern musk turtle, or stinkpot turtle due to its ability to release a foul musky odor from scent glands on the edge of its shell, possibly to deter predation. This turtle is grouped in the same family as mud turtles.

Pierre André Latreille
Pierre André Latreille (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ɑ̃dʁe latʁɛj]; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom after recognising a rare beetle species he found in the prison, Necrobia ruficollis.

He published his first important work, Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, in 1796, and was eventually employed by the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. His foresighted work on arthropod systematics and taxonomy gained him respect and accolades, including being asked to write the volume on insects for George Cuvier's monumental work, Le Règne Animal, the only part not by Cuvier himself.

Latreille was considered the foremost entomologist of his time, and was described by one of his pupils as "the prince of entomologists".