hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cengiz Arslan
Cengiz Arslan (born 1 June 1996) is a Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler. He won the silver medal in the 72 kg event at the 2019 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania. In the final, he lost against Abuyazid Mantsigov of Russia.

Abuyazid Mantsigov
Abuyazid Ruslanovich Mantsigov (Russian: Абуязид Русланович Манцигов; born 28 July 1993 in Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast) is a Russian former greco-roman wrestler of Chechen descent, who competes in the men's Greco Roman category and a current world champion in the men's 72 kg Greco Roman event. He claimed gold medal in the men's 72 kg event during the 2019 World Wrestling Championships.
2010 Cervélo TestTeam season
The 2010 season for the Cervélo TestTeam, its second and final, began in February with the Étoile de Bessèges and ended in October at the Giro di Lombardia. As they did in 2009, Cervélo TestTeam competed in 2010 as a UCI Professional Continental team with wildcard status, meaning they were eligible to be invited to any UCI ProTour event.

Most of the team's riders were retained from 2009, but the team experienced one major offseason change – the replacement of Thomas Campana as team manager with Joop Alberda.

Étoile de Bessèges
The Étoile de Bessèges (English: Star of Bessèges) is an early-season five-day road bicycle racing stage race held annually around Bessèges, in the Gard department of the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France. First organized in 1971 as a one-day race, it became a stage race run over five days in 1974. Since 2005, it is on the calendar of the UCI Europe Tour as a 2.1 event and features as the earliest stage races of the European season.

The Étoile de Bessèges is the first of several stage races held in the hilly South of France in February, preceding La Méditerranéenne, the Tour du Haut Var and the Tour La Provence. These early-season races are competed mainly by French teams and are considered preparations for Paris–Nice, the first European World Tour stage race in March.
Hanakoa Valley
Hanakoa Valley is a hanging valley along the Kalalau Trail along the Nā Pali Coast of the island of Kauai in the state of Hawaii. Hanakoa has primitive camping via permit only and offers individual campsites, shelters, and basic composting toilets. It is located on mile 6 of the Kalalau Trail, often used as a resting destination for hikers completing the Kalalau Trail to Kalalau Valley. Hanakoa Stream runs through camp and divides it in half. Nearby Hanakoa Falls is accessible by an unmaintained trail.

Kalalau Valley
22°10′48″N 159°39′13″W﻿ / ﻿22.18000°N 159.65361°W﻿ / 22.18000; -159.65361

The Kalalau Valley is on the northwest side of the island of Kauai in the state of Hawaii. The valley is in Nā Pali Coast State Park and houses the Kalalau Beach. The Nā Pali Coast is rugged and is inaccessible to automobiles. The only legal ways to access the valley are by kayak or by hiking the Kalalau Trail.

The valley is surrounded by cliffs more than 2,000 feet (610 m) high. This valley's bottom is broad and relatively flat, with an accessible region about 2 miles (3.2 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide. The abundant sun and rain provides an ideal environment for flora and fauna. Many Native Hawaiians lived in the valley into the 20th century, farming taro from a vast complex of terraced fields. Today, its designation as a state park forbids anyone from residing there.
Arnott Air Suspension Products
Arnott Air Suspension Products is an American privately held corporation headquartered in Merritt Island, Florida. Arnott develops and sells aftermarket automotive air suspension products for luxury cars, trucks, and SUVs.

Air suspension
Air suspension is a type of vehicle suspension powered by an electric or engine-driven air pump or compressor. This compressor pumps the air into a flexible bellows, usually made from textile-reinforced rubber. Unlike hydropneumatic suspension, which offers many similar features, air suspension does not use pressurized liquid, but pressurized air. The air pressure inflates the bellows, and raises the chassis from the axle.
Rooberg
Rooberg (English: Red Mountain) is a 50 m (165 ft) hill at Sjuhollendarbukta, a bay on the northwestern coast of the island of Jan Mayen.  The hill is often mentioned during the Dutch wintering at Jan Mayen in 1633–34.

Sjuhollendarbukta
Sjuhollendarbukta (English: Seven Hollander Bay) is a bay on the western coast of the island of Jan Mayen. The Austrian Emil von Wohlgemuth (1886), who surveyed Jan Mayen, named the bay 7 Holländer Bucht, mistakenly believing it was the site of the wintering of seven Dutch whalers in 1633–34.
Clostridium scindens
Clostridium scindens is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, pleiomorphic, spore-forming bacterium belonging to the genus Clostridium. C. scindens has been found in humans as a commensal colonizer of the colon. Clostridium scindens is capable of converting primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, as well as converting glucocorticoids to androgens. The presence of C. scindens in the human gut is associated resistance to Clostridioides difficile infection, due to the production of secondary bile acids which inhibit the growth of C. difficile.

Biotransformation
Biotransformation is the biochemical modification of one chemical compound or a mixture of chemical compounds. Biotransformations can be conducted with whole cells, their lysates, or purified enzymes.  Increasingly, biotransformations are effected with purified enzymes.  Major industries and life-saving technologies depend on biotransformations.
Loss on ignition
Loss on ignition (LOI) is a test used in inorganic analytical chemistry and  soil science, particularly in the analysis of minerals and the chemical makeup of soil. It consists of strongly heating ("igniting") a sample of the material at a specified temperature, allowing volatile substances to escape, until its mass ceases to change. This may be done in air or in some other reactive or inert atmosphere. The simple test typically consists of placing a few grams of the material in a tared, pre-ignited crucible  and determining its mass, placing it in a temperature-controlled furnace for a set time, cooling it in a controlled (e.g., water-free, CO2-free) atmosphere, and re-determining the mass. The process may be repeated to show that the mass change is complete. A variant of the test in which mass change is continually monitored as the temperature changes is called thermogravimetry.

Thermogravimetric analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction).
First Bangkok City Hall
The First Bangkok City Hall (Thai: ศาลาว่าการ กทม.1), commonly known as Bangkok City Hall (Thai: ศาลาว่าการกรุงเทพมหานคร), is the headquarters of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) in Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok, Thailand.

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) is the local government of Bangkok, which includes the capital of Thailand. The government is composed of two branches: the executive (or the Governor of Bangkok) and the legislative (or Bangkok Metropolitan Council). The administration's roles are to formulate and implement policies to manage Bangkok. Its purview includes transport services, urban planning, waste management, housing, roads and highways, security services, and the environment.

According to the Thailand Future Foundation, Bangkok employs a workforce of 97,000, including 3,200 municipal officers in Bangkok city,  200 in the City Law Enforcement Department, and 3,000 in district offices.
Greer, Arizona
Greer is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Apache County, Arizona, United States. Located within the White Mountains of Arizona and surrounded by the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Greer is the highest town in the state at an elevation of approximately 8,400 feet (2,560 m). As of the 2020 census it had a population of 58. Greer was founded circa 1879 by Mormon settlers from Utah.  The Greer post office has the ZIP code of 85927.

Apache trout
The Apache trout or Arizona trout (Oncorhynchus apache), is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes. It is closely related to Gila trout and is one of the critically endangered Pacific trouts.
Kirchheim (Neckar) station
Kirchheim (Neckar) station is located at line-kilometre 35.2 on the Franconia Railway (Frankenbahn) in Kirchheim am Neckar in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. According to the Railway Construction and Operating Regulations, it is considered to be a Haltepunkt (roughly: "halt"), not a station.

Franconia Railway
The Franconia Railway (German: Frankenbahn) is a 180-kilometre-long (110 mi) railway line in the north of the German state of Baden-Württemberg and the Bavarian province of  Lower Franconia that links Stuttgart and Würzburg. Its name comes from the fact that the majority of the line runs through Franconia. The first section of the line was opened in 1848 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany. The main line is now electrified and has been almost entirely upgraded to double-tracks.
Irreligion in Finland
Irreligion in Finland: according to Statistics Finland in 2020, 29.4% of the population in Finland were non-religious, or about 1,628,000 people. The Union of Freethinkers of Finland and other organisations have acted as interest organisations, legal protection organisations and cultural organisations for non-religious people. In a 2018 international ISSP survey, 40% of the Finnish population said they did not believe in God, 34% said they believed in God and 26% did not know. Nearly one out of every five people in the country is not a member of a religious organisation, and the number of people with no religious affiliation has doubled in two decades.

Life stance
A person's life stance, or lifestance, is their relation with what they accept as being of ultimate importance. It involves presuppositions and commitment to exercise it in theory and practice in one's life.

It can connote an integrated perspective on reality as a whole and how to assign valuations, thus being a concept similar or equivalent to that of a worldview; with the latter word (derived from the German Weltanschauung) being generally a more common and comprehensive term. Like the term worldview, the term life stance is a shared label encompassing both religious perspectives (for instance: "a Buddhist life stance"  or "a Christian life stance" or "a Pagan life stance"), as well as non-religious spiritual or philosophical alternatives (for instance: "a humanist life stance" or "a personist life stance" or "a Deep Ecology life stance"), without discrimination in favour of any.
Lake County Superior Courthouse (demolished)
The Lake County Superior Courthouse was the original building for the superior court of Lake County, located in northwest Indiana. It was built in 1903 in downtown Hammond, Indiana by architect Joseph Tristan Hutton. The courthouse was located on the corner of Hohman Avenue and Rimbach Street. It was demolished in 1974, to be replaced with a parking lot.

Hammond, Indiana
Hammond (/ˈhæmənd/ HAM-ənd) is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. Located along Lake Michigan, it is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the only city in Indiana to border Chicago. As of the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in Indiana, with 77,879 residents. It was first settled in the mid-19th century and it is one of the oldest cities of northern Lake County.

From north to south, Hammond runs from Lake Michigan to the Little Calumet River; from east to west along its southern border, it runs from the Illinois state line to Cline Avenue. The city is traversed by numerous railroads and expressways, including the South Shore Line, Borman Expressway, and Indiana Toll Road. Notable local landmarks include the parkland around Wolf Lake and the Horseshoe Hammond riverboat casino. Part of the Rust Belt, Hammond has been industrial almost from its inception, but is also home to a campus of Purdue University and numerous historic districts.
Leszek of Dobrzyń
Leszek of Dobrzyń (pl: Leszek dobrzyński; bef. 1302 – bef. 10 July 1316), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast and Duke of Dobrzyń during 1312–1316 with his brothers.

He was the eldest son of Siemowit of Dobrzyń and Anastasia Lvovna of Halych–Volhynia.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Mishel Mancheno
Mishel Andrea Mancheno Dávila is an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician who became the Legal Secretary to Ecuador's new president, Daniel Noboa in 2023. In 2024 she stood down to stand for the election and she became the National  Assembly's Vice President.

National Democratic Action (Ecuador)
The National Democratic Action (Spanish: Acción Democrática Nacional, ADN) is a political alliance and movement in Ecuador created to support the candidacy of Daniel Noboa in the 2023 presidential election.
Plaksino, Kursk Oblast
Plaksino (Russian: Плаксино) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kosteltsevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  27 (2010 Census); 51 (2002 Census);

Seym (river)
The Seym or Seim (Russian: Сейм; Ukrainian: Сейм) is a river that flows westward in Russia and Ukraine. It is 748 kilometres (465 mi) long (250 km within Ukraine) and its basin area about 27,500 square kilometres (10,600 sq mi). It is the largest tributary of the Desna.

Places on the river include Kursk, Kurchatov, Rylsk, Glushkovo, Putyvl, Baturyn, and the junction with the Desna, which continues west and south past Chernihiv to Kyiv.

In September 2024, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian officials accused Russia of polluting the river by dumping sewage from a sugar factory in Tyotkino, Kursk Oblast, resulting in environmental damage estimated at about Hr 186 million ($4.5 million) in Chernihiv Oblast that included a decrease in oxygen levels and fish kills downstream.

The river also serves cooling water for the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia.
Loading dose
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose.

A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life.  Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate therapeutic level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long time for the amount of the drug in the body to reach that level.

Drugs which may be started with an initial loading dose include digoxin, teicoplanin, voriconazole, procainamide and fulvestrant.

One or a series of doses may be given at the onset of therapy with the aim of achieving the target concentration rapidly.

Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon 'drug' and kinetikos 'moving, putting in motion'; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotics such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. PK attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body. PK is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism. Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects, as seen in PK/PD models.
2022 Union budget of India
The 2022 Union Budget of India was presented by the Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman on 1 February 2022, as her fourth budget. This is the third budget of Narendra Modi-led NDA government's second term. The Economic Survey for 2021–2022 was released on 31 January 2022, a day before the budget.

Economic survey of India
The Economic Survey of India is an annual document of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. The Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance presents the Survey in the Parliament every year, just before the Union Budget. It is prepared under the guidance of the Chief Economic Adviser of India. This document is presented to both Houses of Parliament during the Budget Session.

The first Economic Survey of India was presented in 1950-51 as part of the Union Budget. After 1964 it was separated from the Budget and presented each year during the Budget Session before the presentation of the budget. The document is non-binding. Nevertheless, is constructed and presented each year due to its significance.
Greg Restall
Greg Restall (born 11 January 1969) is an Australian philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews.
He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. 
Restall is known for his research on logic and theories of meaning.
After working at the University of Melbourne for years he was appointed the Shelby Cullom David Professor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Casey Veggies
Casey Joseph Jones (born July 18, 1993), known professionally as Casey Veggies, is an American rapper. A founding member of the Los Angeles-based hip hop collective Odd Future, he co-formed the group with Tyler, the Creator, Hodgy, Left Brain, the Super 3 and Jasper Dolphin in 2007. He signed with Epic Records to release his debut studio album, Live & Grow (2015); its lead single, "Tied Up" (featuring Dej Loaf) received gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His second album, Organic (2019), followed thereafter.

Jasper Dolphin
Davon Lamar Wilson (born September 28, 1990), better known as Jasper Dolphin (or simply Jasper), is an American television personality, stunt performer, and former rapper. He is best known for being a founding member of the hip-hop collective Odd Future, but has since ventured further into his career in acting. He became a new cast member of the reality comedy franchise Jackass and was featured in its 2022 films Jackass Forever, and Jackass 4.5
Adenain
Adenain (EC 3.4.22.39) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Cleaves proteins of the adenovirus and its host cell at two consensus sites: -Yaa-Xaa-Gly-Gly-Xaa- and -Yaa-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Gly- (in which Yaa is Met, Ile or Leu, and Xaa is any amino acid)

This cysteine endopeptidase is encoded by adenoviruses.

Cysteine protease
Cysteine proteases, also known as thiol proteases, are hydrolase enzymes that degrade proteins. These proteases share a common catalytic mechanism that involves a nucleophilic cysteine thiol in a catalytic triad or dyad.

Discovered by Gopal Chunder Roy in 1873, the first cysteine protease to be isolated and characterized was papain, obtained from Carica papaya. Cysteine proteases are commonly encountered in fruits including the papaya, pineapple, fig, and kiwifruit. The proportion of protease tends to be higher when the fruit is unripe. In fact, the latex of dozens of different plant families are known to contain cysteine proteases. Cysteine proteases are used as an ingredient in meat tenderizers.
2025 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The 2025 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 14th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 31 March and 6 April 2025.

Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The Campeonato Internacional de Tênis (formerly known as Tetra Pak Tennis Cup) is a tennis tournament held in Campinas, Brazil, since 2011.
The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts at the Sociedade Hípica de Campinas, hosting the longest-running Challenger event in Brazil.
The Magic of Brian Cadd
The Magic of Brian Cadd is the first greatest hits album by Australian singer-songwriter Brian Cadd. It was released in Australia in April 1975 by Bootleg Records. The album includes tracks from his three studio albums to date; Brian Cadd, Parabrahm and Moonshine as well as his debut single "Show Me the Way" on an album for the first time.
The album was the Cadd's final release on this label.

The Magic of Brian Cadd peaked at number 34 in the Australian Kent Music Report album charts.

Brian Cadd (album)
Brian Cadd is the debut self-titled album by Australian musician Brian Cadd. It was released on the Bootleg Records label in 1972 and peaked at number 3 for three weeks on the Australian Go-Set chart. It contained the hit single "Ginger Man".

At the Federation of Australia Commercial Broadcasters awards of 1972, the album won Best Male Vocal Album.

The album was re-released in 1979 by Summit Records until the title Best of Brian Cadd.
Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina
Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina, commonly known as snow gum, is a mallee or small tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. It has smooth, shiny bark, glossy green lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or conical fruit. It differs from other subspecies of E. pauciflora in having a dense crown and no parts that are glaucous.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.