hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knockan
Knockan (Scottish Gaelic: An Cnocan) is a township of six crofts in the community of Ardtun, in the south of the Isle of Mull off the west coast of Scotland.

Cnocan in Gaelic means "little hill". The cottage called "Knockan" is distinguished by its bright red roof and white walls, set by a small hill. It  is around 200 years old and was originally built by a weaver of the local crofting community. It is now owned by his descendants, the family of Donald Black. The other crofting cottages in the "township" of Knockan include "Knockan House" and "Rhudda na Cruban"

Knockan is situated on an unclassified road, north of its junction with the A849. The A849 is the main route across southern Mull, travelling from Salen to Fionnphort, via Craignure.

Fionnphort
Fionnphort (English:  /ˈfɪnəfɔːrt/, Scottish Gaelic: [ˈfjun̪ˠafɔrˠt̪]) is the principal port of the Ross of Mull, and the second largest settlement in the area (its population is approximately 80).  The village's name is the anglicised pronunciation of the Gaelic for "White Port" and previous names have included Caol Idhe, Gaelic for "Sound of Iona".
Newton under Roseberry
Newton under Roseberry is a village in the civil parish of Guisborough, in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the A173, between Great Ayton and Guisborough and is close to the base of Roseberry Topping.

The village is situated near the edge of the North York Moors National Park, and also close to the border of Redcar and Cleveland with Middlesbrough and the North Yorkshire district.

Borough of Middlesbrough
The Borough of Middlesbrough is a district in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Tees Valley region, along with the boroughs of Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar and Cleveland, Hartlepool and Darlington. The district covers the town of Middlesbrough, Nunthorpe civil parish and Stainton and Thornton civil parish. Since its creation in 1974, it has had borough status and the governing Middlesbrough Council became a unitary authority in 1996.
FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League statistics
This article gives the summarized final standings of each FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League tournament, an annual competition involving national men's volleyball teams.

After the tournament's sixth edition and as of 2025, France won two gold (2022, 2024), a silver (2018) and a bronze (2021), Russia has won two golds (2018, 2019) Brazil one gold (2021), Poland two golds (2023, 2025), one silver (2021) and three bronze medals (2019, 2022, 2024). United States has won three silvers (2019, 2022, 2023) and a bronze (2018), while Japan has won a silver (2024) and bronze (2023).

2019 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League
The 2019 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League was the second edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual international men's volleyball tournament contested by 16 national teams. The competition was held between May and July 2019, and the final round took place in the Credit Union 1 Arena, Chicago, United States. This was the first edition of the World League or the Nations League to have the final round hosted in North America.

Following the results of the 2018 Nations League and 2018 Challenger Cup, South Korea were replaced by debutants Portugal in this edition.

Portugal were the last placed challenger team after the preliminary round and will be replaced by 2019 Challenger Cup winners Slovenia in the 2020 edition.

Russia successfully defended its title, defeating finals hosts, the United States, in the final. Poland claimed the bronze after sweeping Brazil in three straight sets. Matt Anderson from United States named the MVP of the tournament.
Cyclopentadienylvanadium tetracarbonyl
Cyclopentadienylvanadium tetracarbonyl is the organovanadium compound with the formula (C5H5)V(CO)4.  An orange, diamagnetic solid, it is the principal cyclopentadienyl carbonyl of vanadium.  It can be prepared by heating a solution of vanadocene under high pressure of carbon monoxide.   As confirmed by X-ray crystallography,  the coordination sphere of vanadium consists of η5-cyclopentadienyl and four carbonyl ligands.  The molecule is a four-legged piano stool complex. The compound is soluble in common organic solvents. The compound has no commercial applications.

Metal carbonyl
Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands. Metal carbonyls are useful in organic synthesis and as catalysts or catalyst precursors in homogeneous catalysis, such as hydroformylation and Reppe chemistry. In the Mond process, nickel tetracarbonyl is used to produce pure nickel. In organometallic chemistry, metal carbonyls serve as precursors for the preparation of other organometallic complexes.

Metal carbonyls are toxic by skin contact, inhalation or ingestion, in part because of their ability to carbonylate hemoglobin to give carboxyhemoglobin, which prevents the binding of oxygen.
1989–90 OHL season
The 1989–90 OHL season was the tenth season of the Ontario Hockey League. The Toronto Marlboros become the Dukes of Hamilton. The Guelph Platers become the Owen Sound Platers. The Kingston Raiders are renamed the Kingston Frontenacs. The OHL Executive of the Year award is inaugurated. Fifteen teams each played 66 games. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Kitchener Rangers.

Kingston Frontenacs
The Kingston Frontenacs are a Canadian major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League, based in Kingston, Ontario. The Frontenacs play home games at Slush Puppie Place, which opened in 2008. The team's history predates the Ontario Hockey League, to a team known as the Kingston Victorias in 1945. This current Frontenacs franchise was founded in the Ontario Hockey Association in 1973–74, then known as the Kingston Canadians until 1987–88. The team was briefly known as the Kingston Raiders in 1988–89, and as the Frontenacs since.
1992 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1992 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 105th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Cuala entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 27 September 1992 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Faughs and Craobh Chiaráin, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Faughs won the match by 2–13 to 1–06 to claim their 30th championship title overall and a first title in five years.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
2024 Africa Eco Race
The 2024 Africa Eco Race was the 15th edition of the rally raid in North Africa travelling through Morocco, Mauritania, and finishing in Senegal after departing initially from Monaco and travelling by boat from France.

The 15th Edition was originally scheduled to run in March 2023 but in January 2023 the organization announced its cancellation due to major flooding in Senegal. The new start date for the 15th Edition was announced as a "return to its historical dates, and will start on December 30th 2023 to finish on the shores of the Lac Rose on January 14th 2024".

Africa Eco Race
Africa Eco Race is an annual rally raid, organised in France and run in North and West Africa, launched after the cancellation of 2008 Dakar Rally, and the subsequent moving of the rally to South America.

The rally claims to have innovated to give a special focus on security issues and sustainable development. In addition to the sporting aspect, the rally aims to put emphasis on individual awareness about eco-responsibility. Bivouacs are chosen far from cities and airport tarmac.
Anzac Day in Queensland
Anzac Day is a day of remembrance in Queensland, Australia. It is a public holiday held on 25 April each year. The date is significant as the Australian and New Zealand troops (the ANZACs) first landed at Gallipoli in World War I on 25 April 1915.

David John Garland
David John Garland (1864–1939) was an Anglican clergyman and a military chaplain in Queensland, Australia. As senior army camp chaplain in Queensland from 1914 to 1917, Garland experienced the World War I both at home and at the front. He was one of the originators of the now annual Anzac Day ceremonies. Described as "overpoweringly energetic with a distinctive flair, if not genius, for organisation", he played a pivotal role in the Queensland experience of the war, and was a central figure in a variety of committees and organisations established to aid the war effort and support or commemorate serving or returned soldiers.
Storm Roux
Storm James Roux (/ruː/ ROO; French: [ʁu]; born 13 January 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a right back for A-League Men club Central Coast Mariners. Born in South Africa, he plays for the New Zealand national team.

Roux played youth football with Sorrento, Football West National Training Centre and Perth Glory youth before making his professional debut with Perth Glory. In 2013, he joined Central Coast Mariners, where he made over 100 appearances before joining Melbourne Victory in 2018. He returned to Central Coast Mariners in 2021.

Roux made his debut for the New Zealand national team in 2013, having previously represented New Zealand U-20, including at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

2023–24 A-League Men
The 2023–24 A-League Men, known as the Isuzu UTE A-League for sponsorship reasons, was the 47th season of national level men's soccer in Australia, and the 19th since the establishment of the competition as the A-League in 2004. This season was the last as a 12-team competition, with expansion to 13 teams from 2024–25 with the inclusion of Auckland FC.

Central Coast Mariners were the premiers and champions this season.
2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
The 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark will be the fourth race of the 2008 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 14 June in the Parken Stadium in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Copenhagen is also the second of four rounds of the 2008 Super Prix. The meeting winner will be given the blue helmet in the Super Prix Final at Gelsenkirchen in October with a chance of winning a share of an extra $200,000 prize fund.

2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
The 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany was the eleventh and closing race of the 2008 Speedway Grand Prix season. It was scheduled to take place on 11 October 2008, in the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. However, the meeting was cancelled because the track (temporary) was deemed unsafe by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) jury due to adverse weather conditions. The event was re-staged at the Polonia Stadium, Bydgoszcz, Poland, on the 18 October and was renamed the 2008 FIM Final Speedway Grand Prix. The Grand Prix was won by Polish rider Tomasz Gollob, who also won the 2008 Super Prix.
Indexed color
In computing, indexed color is a technique to manage digital images' colors in a limited fashion, in order to save computer storage, while speeding up display refresh and file transfers. It is a form of vector quantization compression.

When an image is encoded in this way, color information is not directly carried by the image pixel data, but is stored in a separate piece of data called a color lookup table (CLUT) or palette: an array of color specifications. Every element in the array represents a color, indexed by its position within the array. For color information, each image pixel then specifies only its index into the palette.

This technique is sometimes referred as pseudocolor or indirect color, as colors are addressed indirectly.

Color Graphics Adapter
The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), originally also called the Color/Graphics Adapter or IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter, introduced in 1981, was IBM's first color graphics card for the IBM PC and established a de facto computer display standard.
Apparicine
Apparicine is a monoterpenoid tricyclic indole alkaloid. It is named after Apparicio Duarte, a Brazilian botanist who studied the Aspidosperma species from which apparicine was first isolated. It was the first member of the vallesamine group of indole alkaloids to be isolated and have its structure established, which was first published in 1965. It has also been known by the synonyms gomezine, pericalline, and tabernoschizine.

Monoterpene
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are diverse. They have relevance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries.
2012 Volkswagen Challenger
The 2012 Volkswagen Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Wolfsburg, Germany between 20 and 26 February 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Laurel Hill (Pennsylvania)
Laurel Hill, also known as Laurel Ridge or Laurel Mountain, is a 70-mile-long (110 km) mountain that is located in Pennsylvania's Allegheny Mountains. Located in the Laurel Highlands region, this ridge is flanked by Negro Mountain to its east and Chestnut Ridge to its west. The mountain is home to six state parks: Laurel Ridge State Park, Laurel Mountain State Park, Linn Run State Park, Kooser State Park, Laurel Hill State Park, and Ohiopyle State Park. The 70-mile-long (110 km) Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail runs the length of the ridge.

Laurel Hill State Park
Laurel Hill State Park is a 4,062-acre (1,644 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Jefferson and Middlecreek townships, Somerset County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Laurel Hill Lake is a 63-acre (25 ha) man-made lake with a dam that was constructed during the Great Depression by the young men of CCC camps NP-5-PA (first called SP-8-PA) and SP-15-PA. Laurel Hill State Park is 8 miles (13 km) from the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70/I-76) just off PA 31 near Bakersville and on PA 653 near Trent.
Miss Colombia 2009
Miss Colombia 2009, the 75th Miss Colombia pageant, was held at the Centro de Convenciones in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on Monday, November 16, 2009. Miss Colombia 2008, Michelle Rouillard, crowned Natalia Navarro from the department of Bolívar as the new Miss Colombia. Natalia competed in Miss Universe 2010 being in the top 15.

Miss Colombia
Miss Colombia (Formally Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Colombia, English: "National Beauty Contest of Colombia") is the national beauty pageant organization in Colombia.

The current Miss Colombia is María Antonia Mosquera of Valle del Cauca, who was crowned on 17 November 2025.
D-pad
The D-pad (short for directional pad) is a compact input method developed for video games, designed to translate thumb movement into directional control through a flat, cross-shaped surface that rests on four internal switches. Each switch corresponds to a cardinal direction (up, down, left, and right), while diagonal inputs engage two switches simultaneously, enabling eight-directional control at 45-degree intervals. Beneath the center, a pivot mechanism tilts the pad, preventing all four switches from being pressed at once and enhancing tactile feedback.

When introduced, the D-pad offered a space-saving, precise input method at a time when bulky joysticks dominated the market. Although analog sticks have largely superseded D-pads as the primary directional input in modern gamepads, the D-pad's compact, intuitive, and versatile design has led to its adoption in a wide range of devices, including remote controls, calculators, PDAs, mobile phones, and car stereos.

Genesis Nomad
The Genesis Nomad, also known as Sega Nomad, is a handheld game console manufactured by Sega exclusively for North America and released in October 1995. The Nomad is a portable variation of the Sega Genesis home video game console (known as the Mega Drive outside North America). It could also be used with a television set via a video port. It was based on the Mega Jet, a portable version of the home console designed for use on airline flights in Japan.

The Nomad was the last handheld console released by Sega. Released late in the Genesis era, it had a short lifespan. It was sold exclusively in North America, and uses regional lockout. Sega's focus on the Sega Saturn left the Nomad under-supported, and it was incompatible with several Genesis peripherals, including the Power Base Converter, the Sega CD, and the 32X. About 1 million units of the Nomad were sold, and it is considered a commercial failure. It was eventually discontinued in 1999.
Astronaut training
Astronaut training describes the complex process of preparing astronauts in regions around the world for their space missions before, during and after the flight, which includes medical tests, physical training, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) training, wilderness survival training, water survival training, robotics training, procedure training, rehabilitation process, as well as training on experiments they will perform during their stay in space.

Virtual and physical training facilities have been integrated to familiarize astronauts with the conditions they will encounter during all phases of flight and prepare astronauts for a microgravity environment. Special considerations must be made during training to ensure a safe and successful mission, which is why the Apollo astronauts received training for geology field work on the Lunar surface and why research is being conducted on best practices for future extended missions, such as the trip to Mars.

Orbital mechanics
Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from laws of motion and of universal gravitation derived by Isaac Newton. Astrodynamics is a core discipline within space-mission design and control.

Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbit dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity, including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems, planets, moons, and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbital plane changes, and interplanetary transfers, and is used by mission planners to predict the results of propulsive maneuvers.

General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and it is sometimes necessary to use it for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (e.g. orbits near the Sun).
Cephalotes hamulus
Cephalotes hamulus is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Bob Hamelin
Robert James Hamelin (/ˈhæmlɪn/; born November 29, 1967) is an American former first baseman and designated hitter who played six seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily with the Kansas City Royals. He also played for the Detroit Tigers and the  Milwaukee Brewers. He batted and threw left-handed.

Hamelin posted a .246 batting average with 67 home runs and 209 RBIs in 497 games played. In 1994, at the age of 26, he was the American League Rookie of the Year. His stint as a professional player was marred by leg injuries, both in the minors and majors. He also suffered from an eye problem.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
2025 Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge
The 2025 Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge was a rally raid event based in United Arab Emirates. It was the 33rd edition of the Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge, organized by Emirates Motorsports Organisation (EMSO).

The event took place from 22 to 27 February 2025 and also counted as the second round of the 2025 World Rally-Raid Championship.

2025 World Rally-Raid Championship
The 2025 World Rally-Raid Championship was the fourth season of the annual competition for rally raid events sanctioned by both the FIA and FIM. The Amaury Sport Organization was in the fourth of a five-year contract to promote the championship. The season started with the 2025 Dakar Rally, which was won in cars by Yazeed Al-Rajhi and Timo Gottschalk and by Daniel Sanders on bikes.
Staff writer
In journalism, a staff writer byline indicates that the author of the article is an employee of the periodical, as opposed to being an independent freelance writer. In Britain, staff writers may work in the office instead of traveling to cover a beat.

In an advertising agency, copywriting is the main responsibility of staff writers.

In television, a staff writer is the probationary, entry-level position in the "writers room"; that is, the team that creates a television series.

Copywriting
Copywriting is the act or occupation of writing text for the purpose of advertising or other forms of marketing. Copywriting is aimed at selling products or services. The product, called copy or sales copy, is written content that aims to increase brand awareness and ultimately persuade a person or group to take a particular action.

Copywriters help to create billboards, brochures, catalogs, jingle lyrics, magazine and newspaper advertisements, sales letters and other direct mail, scripts for television or radio commercials, taglines, white papers, website and social media posts, pay-per-click, and other marketing communications. Copywriters aim to cater to the target audience's expectations while keeping the content and copy fresh, relevant, and effective.