hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John White Howell
John White Howell (December 22, 1857 – July 28, 1937) was an American electrical engineer who spent his entire professional career (1880 to 1930) working for Thomas Edison, specializing in the development and manufacturing of the incandescent lamp.

In 1924 Howell was a recipient of the IEEE Edison Medal for his contributions towards the development of the incandescent lamp. Howell later co-authored the book History of the Incandescent Lamp, the authoritative source for the identification and description of Edison lamps.

IEEE Edison Medal
The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering, or the electrical arts." It is the oldest medal in this field of engineering.   The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate, and honorarium.  The medal may only be awarded to a new leap/breakthrough in the technological area of science.
Old Finnish Lutheran Church
Old Finnish Lutheran Church is a historic church in Sinking Gardens on E. Main Street in Lead, South Dakota.  It was built in 1891 and was added to the National Register in 1985.

It was built in 1891 by John Niemi and John Saari.  One of the church's members painted "an unusual altar painting" during 1905–1907.

It was moved in 1963 across the street to its current location, the Sinking Gardens, an area of subsidence facing onto Lead's Main Street.

Lead, South Dakota
Lead (/ˈliːd/ LEED) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,982 at the 2020 census. Lead is located in western South Dakota, in the Black Hills near the Wyoming state line.
Siege of Požarevac (1804)
The Siege of Požarevac[a] was undertaken by the Serbian rebel army led by Milenko Stojković, Karađorđe and Jakov Nenadović against the town of Požarevac, in the hands of the Dahije (renegade Janissaries) supported by the Sanjak of Vidin. Požarevac was an important city in the province, laying in the east of rebel territory and serving as a reinforcement point of the Dahije and their allies. Left without support, the town surrendered after five days and was handed over to the Serbs with the agreed emigration of the Muslim population to Adakale or Vidin.

Požarevac
Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, pronounced [pǒʒarevats]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia. It is located between three rivers: Danube, Great Morava and Mlava and below the hill Čačalica (208m). As of 2022, the city has a population of 42,530 while the city administrative area has 68,648 inhabitants.
Naomi Hartley
Naomi Hartley (born 12 January 2001) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Burnley. She previously played for Sheffield United, Manchester United, Coventry United, and spent time in the youth ranks of Burnley, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool. She has been capped for England at youth level. She is openly lesbian and worked alongside the Community Foundation's Empower LGBT+ programme in 2022.

Women's FA Cup
The Women's FA Challenge Cup is the top annual cup tournament for women's clubs in English football. Founded in 1970, it has been named the WFA Cup, FA Women's Cup, and now Women's FA Cup (currently known as the Adobe Women's FA Cup for sponsorship reasons).

Designed as an equivalent to the FA Cup in men's football, the competition began in 1970–71 as the Mitre Challenge Trophy, organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). There were 71 entrants, including teams from Scotland and Wales.

The WFA ran the competition for the first 23 editions, during which time Southampton won the cup eight times. The Football Association (FA) began administering English women's football in mid-1993.

Arsenal holds the record for most titles overall, having won fourteen times. The current cup holders are Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United 3–0 in the 2025 final to win their sixth FA Cup title.
Binny's Beverage Depot
Binny's Beverage Depot is a family business liquor store chain in Illinois originally founded in 1948.

The company operates forty-six retail locations, including eight in Chicago, thirty-three in the surrounding area, and one each in Champaign, Springfield, Peoria, Bloomington, and Rockford.

The privately held company was founded in 1948 by Harold Binstein as Gold Standard Liquors at Clark and Sheffield, one block south of Wrigley Field.

Michael Binstein is the current CEO of Binny's Beverage Depot, having taken over following his father's death in August 1995.

Liquor store
A liquor store is a retail business that predominantly sells prepackaged alcoholic beverages, including liquors (typically in bottles), wine or beer, usually intended to be consumed off the store's premises.  Depending on region and local idiom, they may also be called an off-licence (in the UK and Ireland), off-sale (in parts of Canada and the US), bottle shop (in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa), bottle store (South Africa) or, colloquially, bottle-o (in Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Canada), liquor store (in Canada and the US, and less commonly, in Australia and New Zealand), party store (in parts of the US, particularly Michigan) or other similar terms. A very limited number of jurisdictions have an alcohol monopoly. In US states that are alcoholic beverage control (ABC) states, the term ABC store may be used.
2016 GT3 Le Mans Cup
The 2016 GT3 Le Mans Cup, known as the 2016 Michelin GT3 Le Mans Cup under sponsorship, was the inaugural season of the GT3 Le Mans Cup. It began on 15 May at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari and finished on 23 October at the Autódromo do Estoril. The series was open to grand tourer sports cars in the GT3 class.

Le Mans Cup
The Le Mans Cup, previously the GT3 Le Mans Cup and currently known as the Michelin Le Mans Cup under sponsorship, is an international sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race and organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).
History of aerial warfare
The history of aerial warfare began in ancient times, with the use of kites in China. In the third century, it progressed to balloon warfare. Airplanes were put to use for war starting in 1911, initially for reconnaissance, and then for aerial combat to shoot down the recon planes. The use of planes for strategic bombing emerged during World War II. Also during World War II, Nazi Germany developed many missile and precision-guided munition systems, including the first cruise missile, the first short-range ballistic missile, the first guided surface-to-air missiles, and the first anti-ship missiles. Ballistic missiles became of key importance during the Cold War, were armed with nuclear warheads, and were stockpiled by the superpowers – the United States and the Soviet Union – to deter each other from using them.

Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (Russian: Военно-Воздушные Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, romanized: Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily Soyuza Sovetskih Sotsialisticheskih Respublik, lit. 'Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'; abbr. VVS SSSR; sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") was one of  two air forces belonging to the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II. The groups were also involved in the Korean War, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991–92. Former Soviet Air Forces' assets were subsequently divided into several air forces of former Soviet republics, including the new Russian Air Force. The "March of the Pilots" was its marching song.
Gov. Reuben Fenton Mansion
Gov. Reuben Fenton Mansion, also known as Walnut Grove, is a historic home located at Jamestown in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. It is an Italian Villa style residence built in 1863.  The home features a four-story tower. It was the home of Reuben Fenton (1819–1885).  In 1919, the city of Jamestown acquired the property as a Soldiers and Sailors Memorial. During World War II it was used as a recruitment center. After being abandoned for many decades the city had plans to tear it down, however, a society was formed to help save the building. It has been home to the Fenton History Center since 1964 and is now used as a museum dedicated to the local history of Chautauqua county.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

It became a Blue Star museum in 2022.

Chautauqua County, New York
Chautauqua County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 127,657. Its county seat is Mayville, and its largest city is Jamestown. Its name is believed to be the lone surviving remnant of the Erie language, a tongue lost in the 17th century Beaver Wars; its meaning is unknown and a subject of speculation. The county was created in 1808 and organized in 1811. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Chautauqua County comprises the Jamestown–Dunkirk–Fredonia, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located south east of Lake Erie and includes a small portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca.
INS Anjadip (2023)
INS Anjadip is the third ship of the Arnala class of the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC). The ship has been ordered by the Indian Navy and was delivered on 22 December 2025.

Known as the "Dolphin Hunter", it was officially commissioned into the service on 27 February 2026 at Chennai. This ship features a high-tech Combat Management System and advanced SONAR to identify and eliminate underwater threats with precision.

Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd, abbreviated as GRSE, is an Indian defence shipyard, located in Kolkata. It builds and repairs commercial and naval vessels. GRSE also exports the ships that the company builds.

Founded in 1884 as a small privately owned company on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, it was renamed as Garden Reach Workshop in 1916. GRSE was nationalised by the Government of India in 1960. The company was awarded the Miniratna public sector undertaking status, with accompanying financial and operational autonomy in September 2006. GRSE is the first Indian shipyard to build 100 warships.

In January 2026, the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence, forwarded a proposal to the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), Ministry of Finance, seeking an upgrad of GRSE's PSU status to Navratna. The proposal was approved by an inter-ministerial committee in the second week of February and would be placed before an apex committee for final approval.
Deaths in February 2003
The following is a list of notable deaths in February 2003.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
The men's individual road race at the 1952 Summer Olympics was held on 2 August, the 2nd last day of the Olympics on an 11,2 km course running counter-clockwise from Käpylä through Pakila and Maunula and back to Käpylä. The course was circled seventeen times, so the total length of the competition was 190,4 km. About half of the road was hard-surfaced, the other half sand-surfaced. There were 154 entries from 31 nations and 111 participants from 30 nations. Each nation could enter up to four cyclists; nations entering at least three cyclists had the scores of their best three finishers summed for the team road race event. The individual event was won by André Noyelle of Belgium, the nation's first victory in the men's individual road race. His teammate Robert Grondelaers took silver. Edi Ziegler earned Germany's first medal in the event since 1896 with his bronze.
University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
The University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, abbreviated as Unicampania and formerly known as Second University of Naples, is an Italian public university established in 1990. Its legal headquarters is located in the city of Caserta, but it has teaching facilities across the provinces of Avellino, Benevento, and Caserta, as well as within the Metropolitan City of Naples.

Order of Minims
The Order of Minims (Latin: Ordo Minimorum, abbreviated O.M.; known in German-speaking countries as the Paulaner Order (German: Paulanerorden)) are a mendicant order of friars and nuns in the Catholic Church, founded by Francis of Paola in fifteenth-century Italy. The Order soon spread to France, Germany and Spain, and continues to exist today.

Like the other mendicant orders, there are three separate components—called Orders—of the movement: the friars, contemplative nuns and a Third Order of laypeople who live in the world while following the spirit of the Order in their daily lives. At present there are only two fraternities of the Minim tertiaries; both are in Italy.
Helafricanus patellaris
Helafricanus patellaris - a species of spider in the family Salticidae. It is endemic to southern Africa and is commonly known as the Helafricanus sunny jumping spider. It is the type species of the genus Helafricanus.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Ryan Roberts (mixed martial artist)
Ryan Roberts (born July 16, 1978) is an American former professional mixed martial artist, who competed in the Featherweight division, but has also competed at Lightweight and Bantamweight. He is the former VFC featherweight champion, and is also known for his short stints in Bellator and UFC. He is a bare-knuckle boxer, currently competing in the lightweight division in the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship (BKFC).

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Benjamin Hsiao
Benjamin S. Hsiao (born 12 August 1958) is a Taiwanese-American  materials scientist and educator.  He served as the vice-president for research and chief research officer at Stony Brook University from May 2012 to December 2013.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
Network traffic control
In computer networking, network traffic control is the process of managing, controlling or reducing the network traffic, particularly Internet bandwidth, e.g. by the network scheduler. It is used by network administrators, to reduce congestion, latency and packet loss. This is part of bandwidth management.  In order to use these tools effectively, it is necessary to measure the network traffic to determine the causes of network congestion and attack those problems specifically.

Network traffic control is an important subject in datacenters as it is necessary for efficient use of datacenter network bandwidth and for maintaining service level agreements.

Bandwidth management
Bandwidth management is the process of measuring and controlling the communications (traffic, packets) on a network link, to avoid filling the link to capacity or overfilling the link, which would result in network congestion and poor performance of the network. Bandwidth is described by bit rate and measured in units of bits per second (bit/s) or bytes per second (B/s).
Gmina Modliborzyce
Gmina Modliborzyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Janów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Modliborzyce, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Janów Lubelski and 58 km (36 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 153.15 square kilometres (59.1 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 7,239 (7,126 in 2013).

Janów Lubelski
Janów Lubelski [ˈjanuf luˈbɛlskʲi] is a town in southeastern Poland. It has 11,938 inhabitants (2006). Historically part of Lesser Poland, it is presently situated in the Lublin Voivodeship and is the capital of Janów Lubelski County. The town lies on the edge of a hilly region called Roztocze, on the Białka River, and its area is approximately 14.80 square kilometers. South of Janów there is the extensive Solska Forest. It is also home to the Open-air museum of the Forest Railway.

The town is located at the intersection of two national roads: the 19th (Rzeszów – Lublin – Białystok – Grodno), and the 74th (Hrubieszów – Zamość – Kraśnik – Kielce – Piotrków Trybunalski). The distance to Lublin is 70 kilometers, and to Rzeszów, 90 kilometers.
Bishop Monkton Ings
Bishop Monkton Ings is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, or SSSI, situated east of Bishop Monkton village in North Yorkshire, England. It consists mostly of marshy, calcareous grassland, with some broadleaved woodland, and some fen alongside the two watercourses which run through the site. This varied wetland forms a habitat for a variety of plants, including the semi-parasitic marsh lousewort (Pedicularis palustris).

Valeriana
Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may be commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis. Valeriana has centers of diversity in Eurasia and South America (especially in the Andes), and is represented by native species on all continents except Antarctica.

Some species have been introduced to parts of the world outside their native range, including Valeriana rubra in the western United States and Valeriana macrosiphon in Western Australia.
Deaths in March 2016
The following is a list of notable deaths in March 2016.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

Deportivo Toluca F.C.
Deportivo Toluca Fútbol Club S.A. de C.V., simplified as Toluca FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Toluca, State of Mexico. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Nemesio Díez. Founded in 1917 as Club Deportivo Toluca, it is one of seven Mexican clubs that have never been relegated.

Domestically, Toluca FC is one of the most successful Mexican clubs, winning 12 Liga MX titles, two Copa MX titles and 5 Campeón de Campeones. Internationally, it has won two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles and also finished as runners-up in the 1969 Copa Interamericana. Subregionally, it has won one Campeones Cup.

The club's top goalscorer is José Saturnino Cardozo, who played from 1995 to 2005 and scored 249 goals in 332 appearances.
2010 African Youth Games
The 1st African Youth Games took place in Rabat, Morocco's capital city from 13 to 18 July 2010. Participants are young African athletes, both girls and boys of 15–17 years. A total of 16 sports will be featured at the continental event including: athletics, basketball, boxing, fencing, football, gymnastics, judo, rowing, swimming, table tennis, taekwondo, tennis, swimming and gymnastics.
The Games were organised by the ANOCA as a prelude to the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the first olympic youth games to be held in Singapore in August. Tunisia finished leader in the medal table standings.

African Youth Games
The African Youth Games  is an international multi-sport event held every four years to complement the current Africa Games. The first games was hosted by Rabat, Morocco. The Games have been organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa. The Games are described as the second-largest continental multi-sport event after the African Games.
Cincinnati Christian Schools
Cincinnati Christian Schools is a private Christian school near Fairfield, Ohio.

Cincinnati Christian Schools is a private, PK-Grade 12, non-denominational Christian school located in Fairfield, Ohio. The Elementary Campus is on State Route 4 just north of I-275 and serves PK-Grade 6. The JH/SH Campus is on Morris Road near the intersection of State Route 4 Bypass and State Route 129 and serves Grades 7-12.

Fairfield, Ohio
Fairfield is a city in southern Butler County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb located about 25 miles (40 km) north of Cincinnati and is situated on the east bank of the Great Miami River. The population was 44,907 as of the 2020 census. Incorporated in 1955 from portions of Fairfield Township, it includes the former hamlets of Symmes Corner, Fair Play, Furmandale, and Stockton. The Fairfield City School District is one of the largest in Ohio and serves both the city and Fairfield Township.
Triumph Scrambler
The Triumph Scrambler is a British motorcycle made by Triumph Motorcycles. Launched in 2006, it was the last Triumph styled by designer John Mockett, who had begun working with the small factory team at Triumph in 1989, rationalising existing models based on a very successful modular design plan, including the concept and styling of the unfaired Trident triples for their 1990 IFMA launch. Mockett subsequently served as principal stylist for most of the bikes introduced up to 2006.

Triumph Motorcycles Ltd
Triumph Motorcycles Ltd is the largest UK-owned motorcycle manufacturer, established in 1983 by John Bloor after the original company Triumph Engineering went into receivership. The new company, initially called Bonneville Coventry Ltd, continued Triumph's lineage of motorcycle production since 1902. They have major manufacturing facilities in Thailand.

During the 12 months preceding June 2017, Triumph sold 63,400 motorcycles.

In 2024, Triumph introduced their first ever off-road motorcycle, the Motocross racer TF 250-X.
Kiki, Łask County
Kiki [ˈkiki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south of Wodzierady, 9 km (6 mi) north of Łask, and 27 km (17 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wodzierady
Wodzierady [vɔd͡ʑɛˈradɨ] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wodzierady. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Łask and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.