hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aradhana Misra
Aradhana Misra (born Mona Tiwari; 20 April 1974), also known as Mona Misra, is an Indian politician and member of 18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh representing Rampur Khas of Pratapgarh district in Uttar Pradesh as a member of Indian National Congress. She is the daughter of senior Congress leader and Member of Rajya Sabha Pramod Tiwari.

17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (Seventeenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 19 March 2017 as a result of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2017 held from 11 February to 8 March 2017. The Legislative Assembly had total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member, Dr. Denzil J. Godin).

The term of the 17th assembly was from 19 March 2017 to 12 March 2022.
Scientific Advisory Committee on the Medical Implications of Less-Lethal Weapons
The Scientific Advisory Committee on the Medical Implications of Less-Lethal Weapons (SACMILL) is an advisory non-departmental public body of the British Ministry of Defence set up to advise the British government in regard to the medical implications of less-lethal weapons. Set up in 2009, it was previously a sub-committee of the Defence Scientific Advisory Council, known as the Defence Scientific Advisory Council Sub-committee on the Medical Implications of Less-lethal Weapons (DOMILL). It reports to the Surgeon General.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Tourism in Omaha, Nebraska
Tourism in Omaha, Nebraska, United States offers visitors history, sports, nature and cultural experiences. Its principal tourist attractions are the Henry Doorly Zoo and the College World Series (CWS). A 2003 study by a Creighton University economist estimated that the CWS added $33.8 million to the city's economy that year. With 1.1 million visitors annually, the Henry Doorly Zoo is Nebraska's most popular tourist attraction. In 2007 Omaha hosted the USA Roller Sports National Championships, along with 10,000 people who auditioned for the American Idol television show at Qwest Center Omaha.

Research on per capita spending on leisure and hospitality situates Omaha in the same tier as the neighboring cities of Topeka, Kansas, Kansas City, Missouri, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Denver, Colorado. In 2002 the United States Conference of Mayors ranked Omaha 70th out of the top 100 cities for tourism in the United States.

Orpheum Theatre (Omaha)
41°15′22.74″N 95°56′10.3″W﻿ / ﻿41.2563167°N 95.936194°W﻿ / 41.2563167; -95.936194

The Orpheum Theater is a theater located in Omaha, Nebraska. The theater hosts programs best served by a more theatrical setting, including the Omaha Performing Arts Broadway Season, presented with Broadway Across America, and Opera Omaha's season. The theatre is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The main auditorium is a proscenium theater known as "Slosburg Hall". The theater has a theatre organ, made by Wurlitzer.
Center for Religious Studies in the name of Hieromartyr Irenaeus of Lyons
The Center for Religious Studies in the name of Hieromartyr Irenaeus of Lyons is a Russian non-profit nongovernmental anti-sectarian organization engaged in research and information and consulting work on the activities of new religious movements and sects of a destructive and totalitarian nature. The Center was established in 1993 with the blessing of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia and has been headed by Alexander Dvorkin since its founding. The Center is the nucleus of the Russian Association of Centers for the Study of Religions and Sects (RACIRS).

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
Mount Tilga
Mount Tilga, a hill located near Condobolin in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, was said to be the exact centre of New South Wales.

However, establishing the centre of an irregular shape is not a straightforward matter. Just where the centre of the State lies is open to dispute. According to Geoscience Australia a possible centre for New South Wales is just off Cockies Road, 33 kilometres (21 mi) west-north-west of Tottenham, a small town 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Dubbo. This spot, (32°09′48″S 147°01′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.16333°S 147.01667°E﻿ / -32.16333; 147.01667) south of the Fiveways Intersection, is marked by a cairn constructed for Australia's Bicentennial celebrations in 1988.

Mount Tilga is 307 metres (1,007 ft) above sea level and it rises sharply out of the plain, approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Condobolin.

Tottenham, New South Wales
Tottenham is a small town in Lachlan Shire in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. Tottenham is known as “The Soul of the Centre”, a reference to it being the nearest town to the geographical centre of New South Wales. It had a population of 263 at the 2021 census, including 25 Indigenous people (9.5%) and 61 foreign born people (23.2%).
Pahost, Byerazino district rural council
Pahost rural council  (Belarusian: Пагосцкі сельсавет; Russian: Погостский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Byerazino district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is  Pahost, Byerazino district. (administratively not included into the subdivision).

Byerazino district
Byerazino district or Bierazino district (Belarusian: Бярэзінскі раён; Russian: Березинский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk Region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Byerazino. As of 2024, it has a population of 21,570.
Seemannaralia
Seemannaralia gerrardii, commonly known as the wild-maple or mock carrot tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae. It is the sole member of genus Seemannaralia, and is endemic to South Africa, where it occurs in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. It was originally included in genus Cussonia. Seemann- and gerrardii commemorate Berthold Seemann and William Gerrard respectively, while -aralia suggests the family or its type genus, Aralia.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Heidesheim am Rhein
Heidesheim am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪdəshaɪm ʔam ˈʁaɪn], lit. 'Heidesheim on the Rhine') is an Ortsbezirk (borough) of the town Ingelheim am Rhein in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Before July 2019, it was a separate municipality belonging to the former  Verbandsgemeinde (a kind of collective municipality) Heidesheim am Rhein, of which it was the administrative seat. Heidesheim was one of the biggest municipalities in Rhenish Hesse.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Lares Familiares
Lares Familiares are guardian household deities and tutelary deities in ancient Roman religion. The singular form is Lar Familiaris. Lares were thought to influence all that occurred within their sphere of influence or location. In well-regulated, traditional Roman households, the household Lar or Lares were given daily cult and food-offerings, and were celebrated at annual festivals. They were identified with the home to the extent that a homeward-bound Roman could be described as going ad larem ("to the Lar").

Tutelary deity
A tutelary (/ˈtjuːtəlɛri/; also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of "tutelary" expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.

In late Greek and Roman religion, one type of tutelary deity, the genius, functions as the personal deity or daimon of an individual from birth to death. Another form of personal tutelary spirit is the familiar spirit of European folklore.
Rhopalophorini
Rhopalophorini is a tribe of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, containing the following genera:

Aguassay

Argyrodines

Brachylophora

Closteropus

Coremia

Cosmisoma

Cycnoderus

Dihammaphora

Dihammaphoroides

Dirocoremia

Disaulax

Gurubira

Haenkea

Ischionodonta

Lathusia

Listroptera

Meringodes

Merocoremia

Muxbalia

Neozodes

Parozodes

Potiapua

Rhopaliella

Rhopalophora

Rhopalophorella

Thalusia

Timabiara

Dirocoremia
Dirocoremia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

Dirocoremia bruchi (Gounelle, 1905)

Dirocoremia ingae (Marques, 1994)

Dirocoremia simplicipes (Gounelle, 1911)
Niravoline
Niravoline, also known as RU-51599, is a chemical compound with the formula C22H25N3O3.  It has diuretic and aquaretic effects and has been studied for its potential use for cerebral edema and cirrhosis.

It exerts its pharmacological effect as a κ-opioid receptor agonist. The drug produces hallucinogenic effects at high doses in humans.

Aquaretic
An aquaretic is a novel class of drug that is used to promote aquaresis, the excretion of water without electrolyte loss. Strictly speaking, aquaretics are not  diuretics but are sometimes classified as such.

Aquaresis is preferable to diuresis in the treatment of hyponatremia.
Rainforest in Victoria
Victoria, Australia contains approximately 32,000 hectares of temperate rainforest in various regions, which represents 0.14% of the State's total area. The areas with rainforest include: East Gippsland, Strzelecki Ranges, Wilsons Promontory, Central Highlands, and Otway Ranges. The rainforests vary between cool temperate, warm temperate, and mixed cool temperate.

Great Otway National Park
The Great Otway National Park is a national park located in the Barwon South West region of Victoria, Australia. The 103,185-hectare (254,980-acre) national park is situated approximately 162 kilometres (101 mi) southwest of Melbourne, in the Otway Ranges, a low coastal mountain range; its highest peak is Mount Cowley, 670 metres (2,198 feet), and is within the park.  The park contains a diverse range of landscapes and vegetation types.
History of nuclear fusion
The history of nuclear fusion began early in the 20th century as an inquiry into how stars powered themselves and expanded to incorporate a broad inquiry into the nature of matter and energy, as potential applications expanded to include warfare, energy production and rocket propulsion.

Pinch (plasma physics)
A pinch (or: Bennett pinch (after Willard Harrison Bennett), electromagnetic pinch, magnetic pinch, pinch effect, or plasma pinch.) is the compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces, or a device that does such. The conductor is usually a plasma, but could also be a solid or liquid metal. Pinches were the first type of device used for experiments in controlled nuclear fusion power.

Pinches occur naturally in electrical discharges such as lightning bolts, planetary auroras, current sheets, and solar flares.
Bongo Lenge
Bongo Lenge was a ruler of the Kuba Kingdom in the 17th-century. It was while he was ruler the kingdom began to expand. He fought several years, however how many were to expand and how many were to assert more central control in his domains remains unclear.

Kuba Kingdom
The Kuba Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Bakuba or Bushongo, is a traditional kingdom in Central Africa. The Kuba Kingdom flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries in the region bordered by the Sankuru, Lulua, and Kasai rivers in the heart of the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The Kuba Kingdom was a conglomerate of several smaller Bushong-speaking principalities as well as the Kete, Coofa, Mbeengi, and the Kasai Twa Pygmies. The original Kuba migrated during the 16th century from the north. Nineteen ethnic groups are included in the kingdom, which still exists and is presided over by the King (nyim).
Leslie Hamilton
Flying Officer Leslie Hamilton MBE, DFC, was a British pilot and First World War flying ace credited with six aerial victories. In 1927, he disappeared while attempting the first non-stop east–west flight across the Atlantic Ocean. His Fokker F.VIIa, named St. Raphael, was last seen over the mid-Atlantic by oil tanker SS Josiah Macy.

Avro 504
The Avro 504 is a single-engine biplane bomber made by the Avro aircraft company and under licence by others. Production during World War I totalled 8,970 and continued for almost 20 years, making it the most-produced aircraft of any kind that served in any military capacity during the First World War. More than 10,000 were built from 1913 until production ended in 1932.
2023 in archosaur paleontology
This article records new taxa of every kind of fossil archosaur that were scheduled to be described during 2023, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to the paleontology of archosaurs that were published in 2023.

Paleontology portal

History of science portal

dinosaurs portal

Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and  symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.

Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species.

Apomorphic and synapomorphic characteristics convey information about evolutionary clades and can be used to define taxa. However, plesiomorphic and symplesiomorphic characteristics cannot.

The term symplesiomorphy was introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig.
James Malcolm (rugby union)
James Malcolm (born 23 September 1994 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish rugby union player who plays for the Seattle Seawolves of Major League Rugby (MLR).

He previously played for the Glasgow Warriors at the hooker or prop positions.

Ayr RFC
Ayr Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club. It's the men's side play in the Scottish Premiership and the women's side play in the Scottish Womens West One. The team is based in Ayr in Scotland, and plays at Millbrae, Alloway.

Between the 2019-2020 and 2023–2024 seasons the club ran a men's professional side known as the Ayrshire Bulls which competed in the Super 6 league and Super Sprint competitions.

The Bulls were one of six franchises playing in the Super6 competition and had a 35-strong playing squad, which included loose-head prop Gordon Reid, who was in the Scotland squad at the 2019 Rugby World Cup. He had joined Ayr, his first club, from London Irish.

During that professional era, they also ran an amateur "Club XV" which competed in the Tennent's National League 1, a 2nd XV "Ayr-Millbrae", which plays in the SRU West Reserve League Division 1, and various age group teams, from age 4, up to age 18.
Muridwal
Muridwal is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12.7 kilometres (7.9 mi) from Shahkot, 20.6 kilometres (12.8 mi) from Nakodar, 44 kilometres (27 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 175 kilometres (109 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Ken Brown's lemma
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory, Ken Brown's lemma gives a sufficient condition for a functor on a category of fibrant objects to preserve weak equivalences; the sufficient condition is that acyclic fibrations go to weak equivalences. The dual of the statement also holds. The lemma or, more precisely, a result of which the lemma is a corollary, was introduced by Kenneth Brown.

Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)
In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized in the axiomatic definition of a model category.

A model category is a category with classes of morphisms called weak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibrations, satisfying several axioms. The associated homotopy category of a model category has the same objects, but the morphisms are changed in order to make the weak equivalences into isomorphisms. It is a useful observation that the associated homotopy category depends only on the weak equivalences, not on the fibrations and cofibrations.
Hamzeh Zarini
Hamzeh Zarini (Persian: حمزه زرینی, born October 18, 1985, in Eslamshahr) is a volleyball player from Iran, who plays as an outside spiker for the national team and Haraz Amol club. He competed at the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Zarini two named Most Valuable Player in Asian Club Championship.
Zarini in 2005 was invited to Iran national team. He won two gold and a silver team medal at Asian Championship.

2018 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship
The 2018 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship was the 19th edition of the Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship, an annual international volleyball club tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Myanmar Volleyball Federation (MVF). The tournament was held in Naypyidaw, Myanmar from 30 July to 6 August 2018. The champions qualified for the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship instead of the 2017 champions Sarmayeh Bank Tehran, who withdrew from the 2018 Club World Championship.
Perkel graph
In mathematics, the Perkel graph, named after Manley Perkel, is a 6-regular graph with 57 vertices and 171 edges. It is the unique distance-regular graph with intersection array (6, 5, 2; 1, 1, 3). The Perkel graph is also distance-transitive.

It is also the skeleton of an abstract regular polytope, the 57-cell.

The vertex set is Z3 × Z19 where (i,j) is joined to (i+1,k) when (k−j)3 = 26i.

Distance-transitive graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a distance-transitive graph is a graph such that, given any two vertices v and w at any distance i, and any other two vertices x and y at the same distance, there is an automorphism of the graph that carries v to x and w to y. Distance-transitive graphs were first defined in 1971 by Norman L. Biggs and D. H. Smith.

A distance-transitive graph is interesting partly because it has a large automorphism group.  Some interesting finite groups are the automorphism groups of distance-transitive graphs, especially of those whose diameter is 2.
Otay Mesa Detention Center
Otay Mesa Detention Center is a minimum/medium security federal prison for women, managed by CoreCivic under contract with the United States Marshals Service and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The facility is situated in the San Ysidro Mountains foothills of Otay Mesa overlooking the U.S.-Mexico border.

The Otay Mesa site is shared with some other properties related to law enforcement:

Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility, operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

George Bailey Detention Facility (San Diego County)

East Mesa Reentry Facility (San Diego County)

Facility 8 Detention Facility (San Diego County)

East Mesa Juvenile Detention Facility (San Diego County)

A multi-jurisdictional law enforcement firearms training complex used by the FBI, the Customs Service, and local police forces

San Ysidro Mountains
The San Ysidro Mountains are a mountain range in southern San Diego County, California, and Baja California, Mexico. The mountains are a rugged coastal foothill range of the Peninsular Ranges system. Major peaks include the highest summit of the range, Otay Mountain, and the Cerro San Isidro which forms the southern extrusion of the range on the Mexican side of the border. The majority of the range is within the Otay Mountain Wilderness area, in the United States.
Economy of Kollam
Kollam or Quilon is an old seaport and a city on the Laccadive Sea coast in Kerala, India, on Ashtamudi Lake. The city remains notable as the ancient commercial capital of Kerala and the southwestern Indian coast, in addition to its fame as the "Cashew Capital of the World". The Kollam Municipal Corporation has the second largest budget in Kerala in terms of revenue and expenditure.

Parvathy Mills Limited
A.D.Cotton or Parvathi Mills Limited is a textile manufacturing company owned by the National Textile Corporation (NTC) in Kollam city, India. The company was founded in 1884 by British citizen A.D. Cotton  and was the lifeline of Kollam before independence. This mill was taken for rent for running by a Tamil enterpriser after Independence as the land was owned by the Kerala State Textile Corporation at that time. It was later handed over to the NTC. The company has 120 employees, six of which are NTC staffers and 17 are casual workers. The plant has been shut down since 2008 pending modernisation. However, there is demand to build a bird sanctuary connected to backwaters.
Royal Futura
The Royal Futura is a portable, manual typewriter that was produced and sold from 1958 to 1962, by the Royal Typewriter Company division of Royal McBee Corporation. 
In appearance, features, and pricing, the introduction of the Futura marked a new direction in the production of Royal portable typewriters. Sales were supported by an aggressive print advertising campaign directed at students, and the Futura itself was heavily discounted towards the end of its run. The radical new design eventually found its way onto other Royal models throughout the early and mid-1960s, and the name "Futura" would appear on another model later in decade.

The typewriter was manufactured in both the United States and Canada.

Royal Typewriter Company
Royal Consumer Information Products, Inc. (formerly The Royal Typewriter Company) is an American technology company founded in January 1904 as a manufacturer of typewriters. Royal’s product line has evolved to include cash registers, shredders, personal digital assistants (PDAs)/electronic organizers, postal scales, weather stations, and a wide range of original and compatible/remanufactured imaging supplies supporting printers, faxes, and copiers. The company is headquartered in Hartford, Connecticut.