hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Snyder (art historian)
James E. Snyder (1928–1990) was an American art historian, specializing in Northern Renaissance art.  His Northern Renaissance Art of 1985 was a standard textbook on the subject for several decades, with a posthumous revised edition in 2005, revised by Larry Silver and Henry Luttikhuizen, being somewhat replaced by Jeffrey Chipps Smith's The Northern Renaissance of 2004.  
Snyder taught at Bryn Mawr College from 1964 until his retirement in 1989. He died of liver disease in August 1990, aged 62.

He is not to be confused with the American museum director and art historian, James S. Snyder (born 1952).

James S. Snyder
James Stewart Snyder is an American art historian and museum director. He is director emeritus of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem and a senior fellow at the Middle East Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School. He was executive chairman of the Jerusalem Foundation.  In 2023, Snyder was named director of the Jewish Museum in New York.
Whiting Refinery
The Whiting Refinery is an oil refinery located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan and the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal and operated by BP. The facility is primarily located in Whiting, Indiana, USA, though portions of the 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) complex span into the neighboring cities of Hammond and East Chicago.

The refinery was established in 1889 by Standard Oil of Indiana. It is the eighth largest refinery in the US and has a capacity of more than 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d) of crude oil.

East Chicago, Indiana
East Chicago is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 26,370 at the 2020 census. Centered around heavy industry, the city is home to the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, an artificial freshwater harbor characterized by industrial and manufacturing activity.

Situated along Lake Michigan, East Chicago is about 18 miles (29 km) from downtown Chicago and is just west of Gary, Indiana.
Henry Nevinson
Henry Woodd Nevinson (11 October 1856 – 9 November 1941) was an English war correspondent during the Second Boer War and World War I, a campaigning journalist exposing slavery in western Africa, political commentator and suffragist.

He was born in 1856 in Leicester, the son of solicitor George Nevinson and his wife, Maria Jane, née Woodd.  Nevinson studied at Shrewsbury School and later at Christ Church, Oxford. At Oxford, he came under the influence of John Ruskin's ideas. He worked as a missionary at Toynbee Hall in London's East End. After this he spent some time in Jena studying German culture. The result of this was in 1884 Nevinson published his first book, Herder and his Times, one of the first studies of Johann Gottfried Herder in English. In the 1880s Nevinson became a socialist; he befriended Peter Kropotkin and Edward Carpenter, and in 1889 joined the Social Democratic Federation.

Edward Carpenter
Edward Carpenter (29 August 1844 – 28 June 1929) was an English utopian socialist, poet, philosopher, anthologist, an early activist for gay rights and prison reform whilst advocating vegetarianism and taking a stance against vivisection. As a philosopher, he was particularly known for his publication of Civilisation: Its Cause and Cure. Here, he described civilisation as a form of disease through which human societies pass.

An early advocate of sexual liberation, he had an influence on both D. H. Lawrence and Sri Aurobindo, and inspired E. M. Forster's novel Maurice.
2008–09 Montreal Canadiens season
The 2008–09 Montreal Canadiens season was their 100th season and 92nd in the National Hockey League (NHL). While it was widely believed that the 2008–09 season marked the team's centennial, this would not be until the following season with the Canadiens' 100th anniversary taking place on December 4, 2009.

The 2008 NHL entry draft took place in Ottawa on June 20–21, followed by the free agency period which began on July 1.

2008 NHL entry draft
The 2008 NHL entry draft was the 46th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was hosted by the Ottawa Senators at Scotiabank Place in Ottawa, Ontario, on June 20–21, 2008. The Senators were originally awarded the 2005 NHL entry draft, but because of the lockout, that draft was scaled back significantly from its usual format of being open to the public and having many draft-eligible players in attendance. The actual 2005 drafting was held in Ottawa's Westin Hotel instead of the Corel Centre. As a result of 2005's abridged draft, Ottawa was compensated with the 2008 draft.

As of 2025, there are 19 active NHL players from this draft.
Continental (film)
Continental is a 2013 documentary film, directed by Malcolm Ingram, about the history of the Continental Baths, a historic gay bathhouse in New York City. It is also, notably, Ingram's first film since 1999's Tail Lights Fade not to have Kevin Smith as a co-producer. The film was funded with help from Kickstarter.

Prominent figures appearing in the film, either in archival footage or in new interviews, include Jaye P. Morgan, Holly Woodlawn, Michael Musto, Frankie Knuckles, Bette Midler and Sarah Dash.

The film premiered at the SXSW festival on March 10, 2013.

Tail Lights Fade
Tail Lights Fade is a 1999 Canadian film directed by Malcolm Ingram and starring Denise Richards, Jake Busey, and Breckin Meyer. The film follows two couples and their race across Canada to bail one of their brothers out of a marijuana charge by clearing out the grow house completely. The film's namesake gets its title from a 1992 Buffalo Tom song, which is also on the soundtrack.
Solid modeling
Solid modeling (or solid modelling) is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three-dimensional shapes (solids). Solid modeling is distinguished within the broader related areas of geometric modeling and computer graphics, such as 3D modeling, by its emphasis on physical fidelity. Together, the principles of geometric and solid modeling form the foundation of 3D-computer-aided design, and in general, support the creation, exchange, visualization, animation, interrogation, and annotation of digital models of physical objects.

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
East Clandon
East Clandon is a village and civil parish in Surrey, England on the A246 between the towns of Guildford to the west and Leatherhead to the east. Neighbouring villages include West Clandon and West Horsley.

In 2011 it had a population of 268 in 109 households clustered around three buildings, the church of St Thomas of Canterbury, The Queen's Head pub and the village hall. Centred 4 miles (6 km) east of Guildford, the parish landscape on the lower slopes of the North Downs includes the 1,836-acre Ryde Farm Estate, Hatchlands Park, a National Trust estate, arable and livestock farmland, woodlands, High Clandon Vineyard and Clandon Regis Golf Club.

Edward Boscawen
Admiral of the Blue Edward Boscawen, PC (19 August 1711 – 10 January 1761) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He is known principally for his various naval commands during the 18th century and the engagements that he won, including the siege of Louisburg in 1758 and Battle of Lagos in 1759. He is also remembered as the officer who signed the warrant authorising the execution of Admiral John Byng in 1757, for failing to engage the enemy at the Battle of Minorca (1756). In his political role, he served as a Member of Parliament for Truro from 1742 until his death in 1761 although, due to almost constant naval employment, he seems not to have been particularly active. He also served as one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on the Board of Admiralty from 1751 and as a member of the Privy Council from 1758 until his death.
Wardija Tower
Wardija Tower (Maltese: Torri tal-Wardija), originally known as Torre della Guardia di Giorno and also known as Bubaqra Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Bubaqra), is a small watchtower in the limits of Żurrieq, Malta. It was completed in June 1659 as the last of the thirteen De Redin towers.

Wardija Tower was the last coastal watchtower to be built on the main island of Malta. It is situated between Żurrieq and Ħal Far, with the nearest tower to it being Sciuta Tower to the west. The tower follows the standard design of the De Redin towers, having a square plan with two floors and a turret on the roof, but it is slightly smaller. It was originally armed with 2 cannons and 2 mortars.

After the British period, the tower became abandoned and fell into disuse. In June 2022, the tower was restored by the Restoration Directorate, a scheme set up by the Żurrieq Local Council in order to carry out restoration projects on various sites in Żurrieq.

Sciuta Tower
Sciuta Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Xuta), also known as Sciutu Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Xutu, the name preferred by Żurrieq residents) or Wied iż-Żurrieq Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Wied iż-Żurrieq), is a small watchtower in Qrendi, Malta. It was completed in 1638 as the fifth of the Lascaris towers. The tower was restored by Din l-Art Ħelwa.
Massimo Bulleri
Massimo "Bullo" Bulleri (born 10 September 1977) is an Italian professional basketball coach and former player. During his playing career, standing at a height of 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) tall, he played at the point guard and shooting guard positions. He is currently the head coach for Dinamo Sassari in the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA).

LBA Most Valuable Player
The Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual award of the 1st-tier professional basketball league in Italy, the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA), given since the 1993–94 season, to the league's most valuable player in a given regular season.
RV Sarmiento de Gamboa
RV Sarmiento de Gamboa is an oceanographic research vessel operated by the Spanish National Research Council. It is used globally to study eg. ocean circulation, marine biodiversity, fishery resources, and climate change.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Mesa Verde Administrative District
Mesa Verde Administrative District is a set of six National Park Service buildings within Mesa Verde National Park, constructed between 1921 and 1927 in the Pueblo Revival style.  Located on Chapin Mesa, these were the structures built by the Park Service to use culturally relevant architectural traditions in park architecture.  The buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1987.

National Historic Landmark District
A National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) is a geographical area that has received recognition from the United States Government that the buildings, landscapes, cultural features and archaeological resources within it are of the highest significance and worthy of preservation.
Tribute (ticket)
Tribute is one of the older generations of ticket issuing systems introduced to ticket offices by British Rail during the mid-1990s, prior to the privatisation of the network. PC-based, it is one of several systems trialled with the aim of replacing the aging APTIS system. The original systems was developed by British Rail Business Systems, and was first installed at London St Pancras on 21 January 1994. By April 2005, around 250 terminals were in use Following privatisation, development and support was provided to the train operating companies (TOCs) by SchlumbergerSema, until they were bought by Atos in 2004.

Since the system was launched the software has undergone several major updates – release version 15  was use in ticket offices.

Today the Tribute software is owned by Atos after acquisition of the system in 2011. Development is guided by representatives from a number of TOCs, and several industry call centres. Development and systems integration work is undertaken by Atos.

APTIS
APTIS was the Accountancy and Passenger Ticket Issuing System used on the British Rail/National Rail network until 2007. It was originally called "Advanced Passenger Ticket Issuing System" as it was being developed at the time of the Advanced Passenger Train.

It was widely known as the All-Purpose Ticket-Issuing System, a description which was used during the development of the prototype devices.

It led to the introduction, on the national railway, of a new standardised machine-printable ticket, the APTIS ticket, which replaced the Edmondson railway ticket first introduced in the 1840s.
Przezwody, Sandomierz County
Przezwody [pʂɛzˈvɔdɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczyce, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Wilczyce, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Sandomierz, and 73 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Wilczyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wilczyce [vilˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wilczyce. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Täby FC
Täby FC is a Swedish floorball team from Täby, Stockholm. The club have played in the top Swedish floorball league, SSL, both on the men's and women's side. Their men's team have never won a championship but got to the final in 2006/07 where they lost to Warberg IC, and in 2009/2010 where they lost to Storvreta IBK. Their women's team won the championship in 2019.

Storvreta IBK
Storvreta Innebandyklubb or Storvreta IBK is a floorball club based in Storvreta, Sweden. The team plays its home matches in IFU Arena or Fyrishov in Uppsala.

The men's team plays in Sweden's highest floorball league, the Swedish Super League (SSL), since 2001–02 season. They won the Swedish national championship record nine times, in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2025. The team has also won Champions Cup four times, in 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2020.

The women's team will also play in the top league, the Swedish Super League, starting from the 2025–26 season. They had previously played in it for one season in 1999–00.
William Henry O'Malley Wood
William Henry O’Malley Wood (15 June 1856 – 5 August 1941) was an Australian banker, public servant and surveyor. Wood was born in Grenfell, New South Wales and died in Vaucluse, Sydney, New South Wales. Wood served two terms as the President of the Government Savings Bank of New South Wales (1920–1928; 1931–1933) and was the first President of the Rural Bank of New South Wales (1933–1934). For his public service, Wood was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935.

State Bank of New South Wales
The State Bank of New South Wales, from 1933 until 1981 known as the Rural Bank of New South Wales, was a bank that was owned by the Government of New South Wales. In 1994, it was taken over by Colonial Mutual and became the Colonial State Bank and then sold to the Commonwealth Bank in 2000.
White Horse Pike (Boardwalk Empire)
"White Horse Pike" is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American period crime drama television series Boardwalk Empire. It is the 46th overall episode of the series and was written by Dave Flebotte, and directed by Jake Paltrow. It was released on HBO on November 10, 2013.

The series is set in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era of the 1920s. The series follows Enoch "Nucky" Thompson, a political figure who rises to prominence and interacts with mobsters, politicians, government agents, and the common folk who look up to him. In the episode, Chalky performs a hit on Narcisse, while Nucky faces problems when heroin is smuggled in his Florida shipment.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 2.08 million household viewers and gained a 0.8 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received critical acclaim, with critics praising the writing, directing, performances and pacing.

Boardwalk Empire season 4
The fourth season of the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire premiered on September 8, 2013, and concluded on November 24, 2013, consisting of 12 episodes.  The series was created by Terence Winter and based on the book Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson. Set in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era, the series stars Steve Buscemi as Enoch "Nucky" Thompson (based on the historical Enoch L. Johnson), a political figure who rose to prominence and controlled Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition period of the 1920s and early 1930s. The fourth season takes place between February and August, 1924. The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 19, 2014.
Austin Catholic High School (Michigan)
Austin Catholic High School (ACHS) is a private, Roman Catholic, co-educational, college-preparatory high school in Chesterfield, Michigan, United States. It was established in 2011 and is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor
Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptors, receptor guanylate cyclases or membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases are single-pass transmembrane proteins. Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor on cell surface consists of two parts: the extracellular part, or the receptor domain, and the intracellular part, or the guanylate cyclase activity domain. When the receptor is activated by the ligation, it can cyclize the guanylate into cGMP. An example of Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptors is ANF receptors (NPR1, NPR2 and NPR3)  in kidney. Additionally, there exist intracellular guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor like soluble NO-activated guanylate cyclase.

They are enzyme-linked receptors:

GC-A (NPR1/GUCY2A) & GC-B (NPR2/GUCY2B): for natriuretic factors such as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF).

GC-C (GUCY2C): for guanylin and uroguanylin.

GC-D (GUCY2D)

GC-E (GUCY2E)

GC-F (GUCY2F)

There is also a human pseudogene for GUCY2GP.

Guanylate cyclase 2C
Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene.

Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain.  The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain.  Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.
Belg
Belg (German pronunciation: [bɛlk]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Killickia
Killickia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Described in 2008, the genus includes three species that were formerly placed in Micromeria section Hesperothymus, although it more closely resembles Clinopodium in habit and leaf shape.

Killickia is endemic to the grassland of the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg mountains and midlands.

Species:

Killickia compacta (Killick) Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko

Killickia grandiflora (Killick) Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko

Killickia lutea Bräuchler

Killickia pilosa (Benth.) Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko

Clinopodium
Clinopodium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, in the subtribe Menthinae. Clinopodium belongs to a large and complex group of genera including many New World mints such as Hedeoma, Monarda, and Pycnanthemum, and this group is in turn a sister clade to Mentha. The genus name Clinopodium is derived from the Latin clinopodion, from the Ancient Greek κλινοπόδιον (klinopódion), from κλίνη (klínē) "bed" and πόδιον (pódion) "little foot". These were names for Clinopodium vulgare. They allude to the form of the calyx.

Clinopodium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora albitarsella.

Various Clinopodium species are used as medicinal herbs. For example, C. macrostemum is used in Mexico as a tea under the name poleo or yerba de borracho to cure hangovers, stomach aches, and liver disease.
Paroa, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Paroa is a town and union council of Dera Ismail Khan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, subordinate to Paroa Tehsil. It is located at 31°33'25N 70°45'32E and has an altitude of 154 metres (508 feet).

Paroa Tehsil
Paroa is a tehsil located in Dera Ismail Khan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population was 292,466, at the 2017 census. According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, the population of the tehsil is 320,937.
Tesro Aayam
Tesro Aayam (Nepali: तेस्रो आयाम, lit. 'Third Dimension') is a literary movement founded by Ishwor Ballav, Bairagi Kainla and Indra Bahadur Rai in 1960 which triggered a new stir in Nepalese and Indian literature. This movement is considered a significant milestone in the history of Nepalese and Indian literature which signalled the beginning of Postmodernism.

Literature of Nepal
Nepali literature (Nepali: नेपाली साहित्य) is the literature of Nepal. This is distinct from Nepali literature, which is the literature in only Nepali language (Khas kura). The major literary languages of Nepal are:
Tommy Carew
Thomas Carew (born 1946) is an Irish former hurler, Gaelic footballer and coach. At club level, he played with Clane and Coill Dubh and at inter-county level he lined out as a dual player with various Kildare teams.

Kildare Senior Football Championship
The Kildare Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition organised by Kildare GAA between the top clubs in County Kildare, Ireland. The winners of the Championship qualify to represent their county in the Leinster Club Championship, the winners of which progress to the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. The current (2025) champions are Athy.