hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermal stress
In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur. Thermal shock can result from a rapid change in temperature, resulting in cracking or shattering.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Eastbourne rail crash
The Eastbourne rail crash was an accident on the British railway system which occurred on 25 August 1958 at Eastbourne railway station in East Sussex. The accident killed five people and injured 41 others. Eastbourne station is a terminus station with services to Hastings, Brighton, London Victoria. At the time of the accident, there was a further service to  Tonbridge via the Cuckoo Line. It was then common for services from Hastings to Brighton to enter Eastbourne and reverse to carry on its journey. Trains between Hastings and Brighton have resumed to do this, while services between London Victoria and Ore still do this today, with some calling at Hampden Park twice and an hourly service to Ashford International starting from Eastbourne.

Cuckoo Line
50°49′52″N 0°15′11″E﻿ / ﻿50.831°N 0.253°E﻿ / 50.831; 0.253

The Cuckoo Line is an informal name for the now defunct railway service which linked Polegate and Eridge in East Sussex, England, from 1880 to 1968. It was nicknamed the Cuckoo Line by drivers, from a tradition observed at the annual fair at Heathfield, a station on the route. At the fair, which was held each April, a lady would release a cuckoo from a basket, it being supposedly the 'first cuckoo of spring'. 
The railway line served the following Sussex communities: Polegate, Hailsham, Hellingly, Horam for Waldron, Heathfield, Mayfield, Rotherfield and Eridge. Services continued through Eridge and onward via Groombridge to Tunbridge Wells.

The Hailsham-Eridge section closed in 1965, the Polegate-Hailsham branch surviving until 1968. Eridge-Tunbridge Wells closed in 1985, and this line has been resurrected as the Spa Valley Railway.
Spritzgebäck
Spritzgebäck (German: [ˈʃpʁɪtsɡəˌbɛk] ⓘ), also called a spritz cookie in the United States, is a type of biscuit or cookie of German and Alsatian-Mosellan origin made of a rich shortcrust pastry. When made correctly, the cookies are crisp, fragile, somewhat dry, and buttery.

The German root verb spritzen (German: [ˈʃpʁɪtsn̩] ⓘ) is cognate with the English spurt.  As the name implies, these cookies are made by squeezing, or "spritzing", the dough through a 
cookie press fitted with patterned holes (or extruded through a cake decorator or pastry forcing bag to which a variety of nozzles may be fitted).

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Baby (2010 film)
Baby is a Brixton set drama short film, written and directed by Daniel Mulloy and starring Arta Dobroshi, Daniel Kaluuya and Josef Altin.  Baby premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and went on to win multiple awards including the coveted British Independent Film Award.

Edinburgh International Film Festival
The Edinburgh International Film Festival (EIFF), established in 1947, is the world's oldest continually running film festival.

EIFF presents both UK and international films (all titles are World, international, European or UK Premieres), in all genres and lengths. It also presents themed retrospectives and other specialized programming strands.
Basic Chess Endings
Basic Chess Endings (abbreviated BCE) is a book on chess endgames which was written by Grandmaster Reuben Fine and originally published on October 27, 1941. It is considered the first systematic book in English on the endgame phase of the game of chess. It is the best-known endgame book in English and is a classic piece of chess endgame literature. The book is dedicated to World Champion Emanuel Lasker, who died in 1941 (the year the book was published). It was revised in 2003 by Pal Benko.

Cecil Purdy said "... Basic Chess Endings is a monumental work, one of the most complete and authoritative on endgames in any language".

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Frostland Tapes
Frostland Tapes is a compilation album by the Norwegian black metal band, Darkthrone. It was released through Peaceville Records on 23 June 2008.

The compilation contains Darkthrone's first four demos (Land of Frost, A New Dimension, Thulcandra, Cromlech), the original instrumental version of the Goatlord demo, and a recording of a concert in Denmark.

Goatlord (album)
Goatlord is a demo album by Norwegian black metal band Darkthrone, released in 1996. It was re-released by Peaceville Records in 2011, with a bonus track and new artwork approved by the band and a second disc containing commentary from Fenriz and Nocturno Culto.
NGC 6061
NGC 6061 is a lenticular galaxy with radio activity located about 490 million light-years away in the constellation Hercules. The galaxy is classified as a head-tail radio galaxy and was discovered by astronomer Lewis Swift on June 8, 1886. NGC 6061 is a member of the Hercules Cluster.

Hercules (constellation)
Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythology hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is the fifth-largest of the modern constellations and is the largest of the 50 which have no stars brighter than apparent magnitude +2.5.
1961 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1961 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were held in Hanover, West Germany on Sunday February 19, 1961. It was the 12th edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

In spring-like weather, 20,000 spectators watched the action. Rolf Wolfshohl pulled away from his competitors in the first lap and built up a lead of up to half a minute over his closest pursuers, Renato Longo and Maurice Gandolfo. He would stay in the lead and win his second world title in a row, this time in front of a home crowd.

UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.
Prime Suspects
Prime Suspects was an American rap group from the 3rd Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana. The group was composed of Glock (also known as Gangsta T), New-9 (also known as Skinew) & Uzi (also known as E), and they were signed to Master P's No Limit Records. The group appeared on many of No Limit's releases including Master P's Ghetto D and Magic's Sky's the Limit, among others. They released their debut album in late 1998 entitled, Guilty Til Proven Innocent, but it failed to live up to the success of some of No Limit's other albums, peaking at only #36 on the Billboard 200. The group disbanded shortly after (New-9 was a part of TRU Records during 2000-2002).

Master P
Percy Robert Miller (born April 29, 1970), better known by his stage name Master P, is an American rapper, actor, and entrepreneur. He founded No Limit Records in 1991, which was relaunched into the spin-off labels New No Limit Records and No Limit Forever Records. Miller gained fame in the mid-1990s as a member of the label's hip hop group TRU,and 504 Boyz as well as his fifth solo album, Ice Cream Man (1996), and its namesake lead single. His 1997 single, "Make 'Em Say Uhh!" received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In total, Miller has released 15 studio albums.
2023 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 2023 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University in the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hoosiers were led by seventh-year head coach Tom Allen. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana as members of the Big Ten Conference. Allen was fired at the conclusion of the season. The Indiana Hoosiers football team drew an average home attendance of 46,906 in 2023.

Memorial Stadium (Indiana University)
Memorial Stadium (officially known as Merchants Bank Field at Memorial Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is an American football stadium in Bloomington, Indiana, United States.  It is primarily used for football, and has been the home of Indiana Hoosiers football since its opening in 1960. It is the 14th largest football stadium in the Big Ten Conference, with an official capacity of 53,524. The field has a conventional north–south alignment, at an approximate elevation of 771 feet (235 m) above sea level.
Decimal classification
Decimal classification is a type of library classification. Examples include:

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Korean Decimal Classification (KDC)

Nippon Decimal Classification (NDC)

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)

Korean Decimal Classification
The Korean Decimal Classification (KDC) is a system of library classification used in South Korea. The structure and main level classes of the KDC are based on the Dewey Decimal Classification. The KDC is maintained and published by the Classification Committee of the Korean Library Association. The first edition of the classification was published in 1964; the most recent edition is the sixth edition published in 2013. Almost all school and public libraries in South Korea use the KDC to organize their collections, as well as the National Library of Korea and some university libraries.
Vladimir Heavy Draft
The Vladimir Heavy Draft is a Russian breed of heavy draught horse. It was bred in the early twentieth century in farms and collectives in Ivanovo Oblast and Vladimir Oblast, to the east of Moscow. The most important influence on the development of the breed was from three Clydesdale stallions foaled between 1910 and 1923. The Vladimir was officially recognised in 1946.

Draft horse
A draft horse (US) or draught horse (UK), also known as dray horse, carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to pull heavy loads and work agricultural tasks such as plowing. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but all share common traits of strength, patience, and a docile temperament. While indispensable to generations of pre-industrial farmers, draft horses today are used for many purposes such as driving, logging, and farming, as well as recreation and showing. Draft horses have been crossed with light riding breeds such as the Thoroughbred to create sport horse and warmblood breeds.
Gadra
Gadra is a village in Rurka Kalan tehsil in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 14.5 km away from postal head office Nurmahal, 23.6 km from Phillaur, 42.5 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 145 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Rurka Kalan
Rurka Kalan is a village in the Tehsil Phillaur, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Khurd and Kalan are Persian language words which mean small and Big respectively when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.
Dutchess Mall
Dutchess Mall was an enclosed shopping mall in Fishkill, New York that operated from 1974 to 2001. In 2006, the main portion of the mall was demolished and replaced with a Home Depot except for the Jamesway and Service Merchandise anchor store buildings. In August 2021, a new site for Dutchess Community College moved into the Jamesway space.

Fishkill (town), New York
Fishkill is a town in the southwestern part of Dutchess County, New York, United States. It lies approximately 60 miles (97 km) north of New York City. The population was 24,226 at the 2010 census. Fishkill surrounds the city of Beacon, and contains a village, which is also named Fishkill, the majority of the hamlet of Brinckerhoff and the census-designated place of Merritt Park.

The name Fishkill derives from the Dutch words vis kill, meaning "fish creek". The location of Fishkill was known as Tioranda by the Native American peoples. The name means "The place where two waters meet". Fishkill is one of the nine original towns in Dutchess County, and is best known today for its rich history dating to the American Revolutionary War period and scenic views of the Hudson Highlands.
WHCP-FM
WHCP-FM (91.7 FM) is a variety-formatted public and community radio station licensed to Trappe, Maryland, and serving Cambridge and Algonquin in Maryland. WHCP-FM is owned and operated by Mid-Shore Community Radio, Inc.

The station is the successor to WHCP-LP (101.5 FM), which went on the air July 4, 2015. On July 15, 2023, WHCP-LP was relaunched as WHCP-FM, on 91.7 FM. The station is now an NPR member station that airs a mix of regular NPR programming, such as All Things Considered, interlaced with music and community shows focused on the Mid-Shore area of Maryland. On August 1, 2023, Cambridge Community Radio surrendered the original WHCP-LP license to the Federal Communications Commission, who cancelled it the same day.

Cambridge, Maryland
Cambridge is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 13,096 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dorchester County and the county's largest municipality. Cambridge is the fourth most populous city in Maryland's Eastern Shore region, after Salisbury, Elkton and Easton.
Colliers, South Carolina
Colliers is a city in central South Carolina, United States. Surrounding communities include 2 in surrounding counties of South Carolina and two in Georgia: Augusta, North Augusta, Snead and Edgefield. There are two cemeteries in Colliers: Horn Creek Cemetery and Old Piney Grove Baptist Church Cemetery.

North Augusta, South Carolina
North Augusta is a city in Aiken and Edgefield counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, on the north bank of the Savannah River. It lies directly across the river, and state border, from Augusta, Georgia. The population was 24,379 at the 2020 census, making it the 21st-most populous city in South Carolina. The city is included in the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA) and is part of the Augusta, Georgia, metropolitan area.
Amt Schlieben
Amt Schlieben is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Elbe-Elster, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Schlieben.

The Amt Schlieben consists of the following municipalities:

Fichtwald

Hohenbucko

Kremitzaue

Lebusa

Schlieben

Elbe-Elster
Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Teltow-Fläming, Dahme-Spreewald, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Meißen,
Nordsachsen and Wittenberg. The district has a partnership with the Märkischer Kreis.
MLB 2K
MLB 2K was a series of baseball video games that were developed by Visual Concepts and Kush Games, and published by 2K. The series was licensed by, and based on, the Major League Baseball professional baseball organization. It was a successor to the World Series Baseball games, which were published by Sega.

In 2014, 2K announced that the series had been discontinued, following the release of MLB 2K13.

MLB 2K13
MLB 2K13 (sometimes called Major League Baseball 2K13) is a 2013 baseball video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. This is the first and only MLB 2K game not to be released on the PlayStation 2, PSP, Wii, Nintendo DS and Microsoft Windows. The commentary is delivered by the trio of Gary Thorne, Steve Phillips, and John Kruk. David Price (then of the Tampa Bay Rays) is the game's cover athlete replacing Justin Verlander from MLB 2K12.

On January 6, 2014, 2K Sports announced that MLB 2K13 would be the final game in the MLB 2K series. This would be the last MLB game to be released on an Xbox console until MLB The Show 21, as Sony Interactive Entertainment would be the exclusive licensee for MLB Advanced Media, who eventually forced them to release the games on Xbox and Nintendo consoles to keep the license.
Haitō Edict
The Sword Abolishment Edict (廃刀令, Haitōrei) was an edict issued by the Meiji government of Japan on March 28, 1876, which prohibited people, with the exception of former lords (daimyōs), the military, and law enforcement officials, from carrying weapons in public; seen as an embodiment of a sword hunt. Violators would have their swords confiscated.

Edict
An edict is a decree or announcement of a law, often associated with monarchies, but it can be under any official authority. Synonyms include "dictum" and "pronouncement". Edict derives from the Latin edictum.
Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger
Iphigene Bertha Ochs Sulzberger (September 19, 1892 – February 26, 1990) was an American heiress, socialite, newspaper executive, philanthropist and former owner of The New York Times. She was the daughter of Adolph Ochs, wife of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, mother of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, paternal grandmother of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., and patrilineal great-grandmother of A. G. Sulzberger, who all served as publishers of the paper.

Chattanooga Times Free Press
The Chattanooga Times Free Press is a daily broadsheet newspaper published in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and is distributed in the metropolitan Chattanooga region of southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. It is one of Tennessee's major newspapers and is owned by WEHCO Media, Inc., a diversified communications company with ownership in 14 daily newspapers, 11 weekly newspapers and 13 cable television companies in six states.
Salt Pans, Portland
The Salt Pans are two salt pans on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. Both pans sit next to one another, and are situated on the coastline of East Weares, the east side of Portland. The pans sit directly below the Young Offenders Institution HM Prison Portland, and are found close to various old historic relics such as the East Weare Rifle Range, Folly Pier, King's Pier and the remains of the Folly Pier Waterworks. The East Weares area, including the Salt Pans, has been labelled a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), largely due to the scrub and wildlife being of high nature conservation value.

East Weare Rifle Range
East Weare Rifle Range is a disused naval rifle range on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is located within the area of East Weares, overlooking Portland Harbour. The range became a scheduled monument in October 2015, which included the stop butt of Portland stone, the marker's gallery and 100-yard firing position. It remains on the private property of Portland Port Ltd, and has not been opened to the public, however can be seen from surrounding coastal paths.

The range was not the only one of its kind on the island. A rifle and revolver range was once located near King's Pier, while a late 20th-century light automatic range was also located nearby.
Autopsy
An autopsy (also referred to as post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; or the exam may be performed to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.  The term necropsy is generally used for non-human animals.

Autopsies are usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist. Only a small portion of deaths require an autopsy to be performed, under certain circumstances. In most cases, a medical examiner or coroner can determine the cause of death.

Nail (anatomy)
A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of almost all primates (except for marmosets), corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves, and horns of vertebrates.
Ficopomatus enigmaticus
Ficopomatus enigmaticus, commonly known as the Australian tubeworm, is a species of serpulid tubeworms. Their true native range is unknown, but they probably originated in the Southern Hemisphere, perhaps from the Indian Ocean and the coastal waters of Australia. Today they have a cosmopolitan distribution, having been introduced to shallow waters worldwide. The Australian tubeworm is an invasive species that dominates and alters habitats, reduces water quality, depletes resources, and causes biofouling.

Tube worm
A tubeworm is any worm-like sessile invertebrate that anchors its tail to an underwater surface and secretes around its body a mineral tube, into which it can withdraw its entire body.

Tubeworms are found among the following taxa:

Annelida, the phylum containing segmented worms
Polychaetea, the class containing bristle worms
Canalipalpata, the order containing bristle-footed annelids or fan-head worms
Siboglinidae, the family of beard worms
Riftia pachyptila, a species known as giant tube worms
Lamellibrachia, a genus
Serpulidae, a family
Sabellidae, the family containing feather duster worms

Phoronida, the phylum containing horseshoe worms

Microconchida, an order of extinct tubeworms

Kuphus polythalamia , a bivalve mollusk species whose common name is giant tube worm