hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Berkshire Archaeological Society
The Berkshire Archaeological Society is the society for the study of the archaeology of the county of Berkshire in England. It was established in 1871 and published annual reports and transactions from 1878 until 1883. In 1889 it began to publish the Quarterly Journal of the Berkshire Archaeological and Architectural Society. This became the Berks, Bucks, and Oxon Archaeological Journal in 1895 and the Berkshire Archaeological Journal in 1931. Electronic archives of the journals are held by the Archaeology Data Service at the University of York.

Archaeology Data Service
The Archaeology Data Service (ADS) is an open access digital archive for archaeological research outputs. It is located in The King's Manor, at the University of York. Originally intended to curate digital outputs from archaeological researchers based in the UK's Higher Education sector, the ADS also holds archive material created under the auspices of national and local government as well as in the commercial archaeology sector. The ADS carries out research, most of which focuses on resource discovery, cross-searching and interoperability with other relevant archives in the UK, Europe and the United States of America.

The Archaeology Data Service is listed in the Registry of Research Data Repositories re3data.org.
Barbarophryne
Barbarophryne is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is monotypic, containing only the species Brongersma's toad (Barbarophryne brongersmai), also known as Tiznit toad. It is found in Algeria and Morocco. It is a small toad, up to about 5 cm (2 in) in snout–to–vent length.

The Brongersma's toad was initially placed in the genus Bufo and then Pseudepidalea (a synonym of Bufotes), but in 2013 it was moved to its own genus Barbarophryne.

The natural habitats of Barbarophryne brongersmai are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, intermittent rivers, intermittent freshwater marshes, rocky areas, hot deserts, arable land, ponds, and canals and ditches. Its habitat is primarily semi-arid sparsely vegetated areas, and it is also thought to be adapted to some disturbed areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
1856 Chicago mayoral election
In the 1856 Chicago mayoral election, Thomas Dyer defeated former mayor Francis Cornwall Sherman. The race was shaped by the divisive national political debate surrounding the issue of slavery, particularly debate surrounding the controversial Kansas–Nebraska Act, and the election was treated by many as a referendum on it. Dyer vocally supported the act, while Sherman stood in opposition to it.

The election was held on March 10.

Popular sovereignty in the United States
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy. Citizens may unite and offer to delegate a portion of their sovereign powers and duties to those who wish to serve as officers of the state, contingent on the officers agreeing to serve according to the will of the people. In the United States, the term has been used to express this concept in constitutional law. It was also used during the 19th century in reference to a proposed solution to the debate over the expansion of slavery in the United States. The proposal would have given the power to determine the legality of slavery to the inhabitants of the territory seeking statehood, rather than to Congress.
Marco Parolo
Marco Parolo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko paˈrɔːlo]; born 25 January 1985) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.

During his club career, Parolo played for Como, Pistoiese, Foligno, Verona, Cesena, and Parma, before moving to Lazio in 2014. At international level, he 
represented Italy at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and at UEFA Euro 2016.

Co-ownership (association football)
Co-ownership is a system whereby two football clubs own the contract of a player jointly, although the player is only registered to play for one club. It is not a universal system, but is used in some countries, including Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. It was formerly commonplace in Italy, though the practice has now been abolished there.

This type of deal differs from third-party ownership, in that in the latter, the player's contract is owned by a non-footballing entity, such as a management company.
Leptomeria
Leptomeria is a genus of flowering plants, endemic to Australia.
Species include:

Leptomeria acida R.Br. – Native currant, sour currant bush

Leptomeria aphylla R.Br.

Leptomeria axillaris R.Br.

Leptomeria cunninghamii Miq.

Leptomeria dielsiana Pilg. – Diel's currant bush

Leptomeria drupacea (Labill.) Druce

Leptomeria ellytes Lepschi

Leptomeria empetriformis Miq.

Leptomeria furtiva Lepschi

Leptomeria glomerata F.Muell. ex Hook.f.

Leptomeria hirtella Miq.

Leptomeria lehmannii Miq.

Leptomeria pachyclada Diels

Leptomeria pauciflora R.Br. – Sparse-flowered currant bush

Leptomeria preissiana (Miq.) A.DC.

Leptomeria scrobiculata R.Br.

Leptomeria squarrulosa R.Br.

Leptomeria aphylla
Leptomeria aphylla, commonly known as leafless currant-bush is a shrub that is native to south-eastern Australia.

The species was formally described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae, based on plant material collected at Memory Cove in South Australia.

The small acidic fruits were eaten by indigenous Australians.
Thornwood Common
Thornwood Common is a village on the B1393 road, in the civil parish of North Weald Bassett and the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. In 2018 it had an estimated population of 1016.

The town of Epping is 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south. The hamlet of Thornwood is conjoined to the village at the north. Thornwood Common Flood Meadow is a Local Nature Reserve.

Thornwood, Essex
Thornwood is a hamlet in the civil parish of North Weald Bassett, in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. It is on the B1393 road (the former A11), about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north-east of Epping. The hamlet contains a village hall, a small industrial estate and a trout fishery.
2001 World Junior Wrestling Championships
The 2001 World Junior Wrestling Championships were the 27th edition of the World Junior Wrestling Championships and  were held in the Greco-Romane and the men's Freestyle style in Tashkent, and the women's freestyle in Martigny.

U20 World Wrestling Championships
The U20 World Wrestling Championships is the main wrestling championships in the Junior age category (between 17 and 20 years old), organised by United World Wrestling (UWW). This event was held twice in 1979 and 1980.
Nicolai Peak
Nicolai Peak (Bulgarian: връх Николай, romanized: vrah Nikolay, IPA: [ˈvrɤx nikoˈɫaj]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 1342 m in Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island in Antarctica. It has steep and partly ice-free southwest slopes, and surmounts Lennon Glacier to the north and east, and Pipkov Glacier to the south.

The feature is named after the Bulgarian opera singer Elena Nicolai (Stoyanka Nikolova, 1905–1993).

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Biff Wellington
Shayne Alexander Bower (April 18, 1963 –  June 24, 2007), better known by his ring name Biff Wellington, was a Canadian professional wrestler who was born, raised, and died in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship
The Stampede International Tag Team Championship was the main tag team title in the Canadian professional wrestling promotion Stampede Wrestling. It was created in 1958 as the NWA International Tag Team Championship (Calgary version). When promoter Stu Hart resigned from the National Wrestling Alliance in 1982, the title was renamed the Stampede International Tag Team Championship. When Stampede wrestling closed down in 1989, the titles were retired, but brought back in 2000 when Stampede Wrestling was restarted by Bruce Hart and Ross Hart, and remained active until the promotion closed again in 2008.
Olive pigeon
The olive pigeons are four allopatric species of pigeon, named for their association with olive (Olea) species. They have a maroon tone to the speckled plumage, and inhabit cool, montane forests of Africa and its associated islands. Together with the speckled wood pigeon, they are seen as members of a superspecies, which has affinities with the white-naped pigeon.

African olive pigeon, Columba arquatrix

Cameroon olive pigeon, Columba sjostedti

São Tomé olive pigeon, Columba thomensis

Comoros olive pigeon, Columba pollenii

Speckled wood pigeon, Columba hodgsonii, of Asia

African olive pigeon
The African olive pigeon or Rameron pigeon (Columba arquatrix) is a pigeon which is a resident breeding bird in much of eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to the Cape. Populations also are found in western Angola, southwestern Saudi Arabia and northern Yemen. It is locally common, although sizeable gaps in its distribution occur due to its habitat requirements. Despite this, the species is monotypic, with no substantive variation between birds in the different areas it occurs in.
Rumble strip
Rumble strips (also known as sleeper lines or alert strips) are a traffic calming feature to alert inattentive drivers of potential danger, by causing a tactile vibration and audible rumbling transmitted through a vehicle's wheels into its interior. A rumble strip is applied along the direction of travel following an edgeline or centerline, to alert drivers when they drift from their lane. Rumble strips may also be installed in a series across the direction of travel, to warn drivers of a stop or slowdown ahead, or of an approaching danger spot.

In favorable circumstances, rumble strips are effective (and cost-effective) at reducing accidents due to inattention.  The effectiveness of shoulder rumble strips is largely dependent on a wide and stable road shoulder for a recovery, but there are several other less obvious factors that engineers consider during design.

Roadway departure
A roadway departure (also called roadway excursion or run-off-road collision) is a type of incident that occurs when a vehicle leaves the roadway. Such incidents can lead to a single-vehicle collision.
Edge-of-the-wedge theorem
In mathematics, the edge-of-the-wedge theorem implies that holomorphic functions on two "wedges" with an "edge" in common are analytic continuations of each other provided they both give the same continuous function on the edge. It is used in quantum field theory to construct the analytic continuation of Wightman functions. The formulation and the first proof of the theorem were presented by Nikolay Bogoliubov at the International Conference on Theoretical Physics, Seattle, USA (September, 1956) and also published in the book Problems in the Theory of Dispersion Relations in 1958. The name of the theorem was coined by Hans-Joachim Bremermann, Reinhard Oehme and John G. Taylor who also demonstrated it in 1958.

Further proofs and generalizations of the theorem were given by Res Jost and Harry Lehmann (1957), Freeman Dyson (1958), H. Epstein (1960), and by other researchers.

Wightman axioms
In mathematical physics, the Wightman axioms, also called the Gårding–Wightman axioms, named after Arthur Wightman, are an attempt at a mathematically rigorous formulation of quantum field theory. Arthur Wightman formulated the axioms in the early 1950s, but they were first published only in 1964 with Lars Gårding after Haag–Ruelle scattering theory by Rudolf Haag and David Ruelle affirmed their significance.

The axioms exist in the context of constructive quantum field theory and are meant to provide a basis for rigorous treatment of quantum fields and strict foundation for the perturbative methods used. One of the Millennium Problems is to realize the Wightman axioms in the case of Yang–Mills fields.
Maibaron
Maibarol (ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ), also known as Maibaron (ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ), is a traditional Meitei language term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of Meitei civilization. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as Maiba (male) and Maibi (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."

Maibi
Maibi are the priestesses of Manipur Kingdom commonly known for performing religious rites. They are considered as shamans as well as midwives. They possess various skills of religious activities and ancient medicinal knowledge.

The male counterpart is a Maiba.
Riki (footballer, born 1980)
Iván Sánchez-Rico Soto (born 11 August 1980), known as Riki, is a Spanish former footballer who played as a striker.

He spent most of his professional career with Deportivo, appearing in 226 competitive games and scoring 58 goals.

2011–12 Segunda División
The 2011–12 Segunda División season (known as the Liga Adelante for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 26 August 2011 after the Association of Spanish Footballers (AFE) called a strike, the regular league ended on 3 June 2012, while the entire season ended on 16 June 2012 with the promotion play-off finals.

The first goal of the season was scored by Xabier Etxeita, who scored a ninth-minute goal for Elche against Girona in the early kick-off. The first red card of the season was given to Richy from Girona in their opening game against Elche. The first hat-trick was scored by Joselu in the match between Villarreal B and Gimnàstic de Tarragona.
Chongqing No.7 high School
Chongqing No.7 High School (simplified Chinese: 重庆第七中学校; traditional Chinese: 重慶第七中學校; pinyin: chóng qìng di qi zhōng xué xiào)  is a co-educational public school offers 7-12 grade courses, located in downtown Shapingba, Chongqing, China. It is a key school designated by Education Commission of the Chongqing Municipal Government.

It's also one of the few public schools in Chongqing that enroll international students as part of a government pilot program.
The school claim its history can be traced back to the Jinyun Study founded in 1758. Later, in the Republic of China period, the school had been relocated, renamed, and regrouped for several times. After 260 years of adventure, the school finally settled in at its current campus.

Shapingba, Chongqing
Shapingba (Chinese: 沙坪坝; pinyin: Shāpíngbà) is a district of Chongqing, People's Republic of China, formerly known as Shaci District (沙磁区; Shācí qū) during the Sino-Japanese War. It is one of the central parts of Chongqing and covers around 396 square kilometers, with 13 subdistricts and 11 towns. Shapingba is one of the most populated areas in Chongqing with a population of around one million.
José María Rico
José María Rico Cueto (August 12, 1934 – April 15, 2019) was a Spanish-born Costa Rican lawyer and writer specializing in criminal law who served as the First Gentleman of Costa Rica during the presidency of his wife, former President Laura Chinchilla, from 2010 to 2014. Rico was the first First Gentleman in Costa Rica's history and has been the only First Gentleman of Costa Rica as of 2023.

First ladies and gentlemen of Costa Rica
First Lady or First Gentleman of Costa Rica (Spanish: Primera dama o Primer caballero de Costa Rica) is the title of the wife or husband of the president of Costa Rica. Traditionally, the president's wife was colloquially known as la presidenta ("the president", with a feminine -a ending). The current term was first used under Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados.
Clinical electrophysiology
Clinical electrophysiology is the application of electrophysiology principles to medicine. The two main branches of this discipline are electrotherapy and electrophysiologic testing (EEG, electromyography, etc.) Clinical electrophysiology can be utilized in the study and treatment of various physiological conditions, and most notably in clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

Electrophysiological techniques for clinical diagnosis
Clinical Electrophysiological Testing is based on techniques derived from electrophysiology used for the clinical diagnosis of patients. There are many processes that occur in the body which produce electrical signals that can be detected. Depending on the location and the source of these signals, distinct methods and techniques have been developed to properly target them.
Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi
Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (Arabic: يحيى بن سعيد الحرشي) was an eighth-century military commander and official for the Abbasid Caliphate. He served as the governor of several provinces during his career, including Egypt, Arminiyah and Mosul.

Ibn Taghribirdi
Jamal al-Din Yusuf bin al-Amir Sayf al-Din Taghribirdi (Arabic: جمال الدين يوسف بن الأمير سيف الدين تغري بردي), or Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf ibn Taghrī-Birdī, or Ibn Taghribirdi (2 February 1411— 5 June 1470; 813–874 Hijri) was an Islamic historian born in the 15th century in Mamluk Egypt. He studied under al-Ayni and al-Maqrizi, two of the leading Cairene historians and scholars of the day.

Ibn Taghribirdi's most famous work is a multi-volume chronicle of Egypt and the Mamluk sultanate called al-Nujum al-zahira fi muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira.  His style is annalistic and gives precise dates for most events;  this format makes it clear that Ibn Taghribirdi had privileged access to the sultans and their records. The name "Taghribirdi" is cognate to modern Turkish "Tanrıverdi" and means god-given in Turkic languages.
Standard Airways
Standard Airways operated intermittently from 1946 through 1969 as a small supplemental air carrier (earlier known as an irregular air carrier or a nonscheduled carrier) a type of US airline regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct US federal agency that tightly regulated airlines from 1938 to 1978. From 1964 onward, a supplemental air carrier was a charter airline. Until 1964, such airlines were charter/scheduled hybrids and Standard Airways did operate some scheduled services. The airline went bankrupt in 1964 and did not operate again until 1966 with new investors. It converted to jets but then ceased flying again on August 1, 1969. Many attempts were made to restart the airline until the CAB finally revoked its certificate in 1975.

Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
The Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation is an American aircraft, a member of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft line. The aircraft was colloquially referred to as the Super Connie.

The L-1049 was Lockheed's response to the successful Douglas DC-6 airliner, first flying in 1950. The aircraft was produced for both the United States Navy as the WV / R7V and U.S. Air Force as the C-121 for transport, electronics, and airborne early warning and control aircraft.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Kansas, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on August 6, 2024.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Kansas, one from each of the state's four congressional districts.

The state congressional delegation changed from a 4–0 Republican majority to a 3–1 Republican majority, the first time the Democrats had won a house seat in the state since 2008.
Terbium compounds
Terbium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal terbium (Tb). Terbium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state in these compounds, such as in TbCl3, Tb(NO3)3 and Tb(CH3COO)3. Compounds with terbium in the +4 oxidation state are also known, such as TbO2 and BaTbF6. Terbium can also form compounds in the 0, +1 and +2 oxidation states.

The trivalent terbium ion (Tb3+) is generally colorless in aqueous solution, and when it is irradiated by certain wavelengths of ultraviolet light (such as 254 nm or 365 nm) in solution or crystal form, it will emit green fluorescence. This property has given rise to applications in fields such as optics. The tetravalent terbium ion (Tb4+) is non-luminescent and its coexistence with Tb3+ will reduce the green emission of Tb3+.

Terbium(III,IV) oxide
Terbium(III,IV) oxide, occasionally called tetraterbium heptaoxide, has the formula Tb4O7, though some texts refer to it as TbO1.75. There is some debate as to whether it is a discrete compound, or simply one phase in an interstitial oxide system. Tb4O7 is one of the main commercial terbium compounds, and the only such product containing at least some Tb(IV) (terbium in the +4 oxidation state), along with the more stable Tb(III). It is produced by heating the metal oxalate, and it is used in the preparation of other terbium compounds. It is also used in electronics and data storage, green energy technologies, medical imaging and diagnosis, and chemical processes. Terbium forms three other major oxides: Tb2O3, TbO2, and Tb6O11.
Cozzene
Cozzene (May 8, 1980 – October 7, 2008) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse and outstanding sire. He was bred and raced by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee John A. Nerud and trained by his son, Jan.

Cozzene began racing at age three, winning three of six starts. At age four he won three more races from ten starts and ran third in the Breeders' Cup Mile. In 1985, the then five-year-old Cozzene had his best year in racing with wins in won four of eight starts. The previous year, in the inaugural running of the Breeders' Cup Mile at Hollywood Park Racetrack, Cozzene had finished third but came back to win the November 2, 1985 edition at Aqueduct Racetrack . His 1985 performances earned him the 1985 Eclipse Award for American Champion Male Turf Horse.

Breeders' Cup Mile
The  Breeders' Cup Mile is a 1-mile (1.6 km) Grade 1 Weight for Age stakes race for thoroughbred racehorses three years old and up, run on a turf course. It has been conducted annually as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships since the event's inception in 1984. All Breeders' Cups to date have been held in the United States except for the 1996 event in Canada.

The purse was raised from $1.5 million US to $2 million in 2007.

Freddy Head has won this race twice as a jockey and three times as a trainer.

There is no official stakes record for the Breeders' Cup Mile as it is run on different racecourses each year, some of which are significantly faster than others. In 2012, Wise Dan set a then-course record at Santa Anita with his time of 1:31.78. Although Tourist ran faster than this with a time of 1:31.71 in 2016, he just missed the current Santa Anita course record of 1:31.69.