hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shooting at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 600 metre free rifle prone
The men's 600 metre free rifle prone was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1924 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only appearance of the event. The competition was held on 27 June 1924 at the shooting ranges at Camp de Châlons, Mourmelon. 73 shooters from 19 nations competed.

Shooting at the 1924 Summer Olympics
At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, ten events in shooting were contested.  These would be the last Games in which team events were part of the Olympic shooting program. The competitions were held from 23 June 1924 to 9 July 1924 at the shooting ranges at Versailles, Reims, Camp de Châlons (Mourmelon), and Issy-les-Moulineaux.
Tall-e Mishan
Tall-e Mishan (Persian: تلميشان, also Romanized as Tall-e Mīshān) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 317, in 46 families.

Kahir Rural District
Kahir Rural District (Persian: دهستان كهير) is in Kahir District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bursar Heydari. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kahir.
Semi-continuity
In mathematical analysis, semicontinuity (or semi-continuity) is a property of extended real-valued functions that is weaker than continuity. An extended real-valued function  is upper (respectively, lower) semicontinuous at a point  if, roughly speaking, the function values for arguments near  are not much higher (respectively, lower) than  Briefly, a function on a domain  is lower semi-continuous if its epigraph  is closed in , and upper semi-continuous if  is lower semi-continuous.

A function is continuous if and only if it is both upper  and lower semicontinuous. If we take a continuous function and increase its value at a certain point  to  for some , then the result is upper semicontinuous; if we decrease its value to  then the result is lower semicontinuous.

The notion of upper and lower semicontinuous function was first introduced and studied by René Baire in his thesis in 1899.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
NGC 1403
NGC 1403 is a lenticular or elliptical galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. It was discovered in 1886 by Francis Preserved Leavenworth. It was thought to be a "very faint, extremely small, nebulous star" by John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Cheshmeh Shahrokh Masgareh
Cheshmeh Shahrokh Masgareh (Persian: چشمه شاهرخ مسگره, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Shāhrokh Masgareh; also known as Cheshmeh Shāhrokh) is a village in Osmanvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 19 families.

Osmanvand Rural District
Osmanvand Rural District (Persian: دهستان عثمان‌وند) is in Firuzabad District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Anjab-e Buzhan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sar Jub-e Qaleh Masgareh.
Bobby Singh
Bobby Singh (born November 21, 1975) is a retired professional American and Canadian football guard. He was drafted by the Calgary Stampeders in the first round of the 1999 CFL draft.  Singh has the distinction of being the only player in football history to have won an XFL Championship, a Super Bowl, and a Grey Cup.

94th Grey Cup
The 94th Grey Cup game took place on November 19, 2006, at Canad Inns Stadium in Winnipeg, Manitoba before 44,786 fans. Ticket prices ranged from $141 and $275. The game decided the championship of the 2006 Canadian Football League season. The BC Lions defeated the Montreal Alouettes, 25–14.
KOLY-FM
KOLY-FM (99.5 FM, "Star 99") is a radio station licensed to serve Mobridge, South Dakota.  The station is owned by James River Broadcasting, and it airs a hot adult contemporary music format.

KOLY-FM is part of the Dakota Radio Group (DRG Media Group), a cluster owned by Ingstad Family Media (James River Broadcasting). The Ingstad family is a notable force in Midwest radio ownership.

KOLY-FM shares studio space with its sister stations in Mobridge: KOLY (AM) and KMLO-FM. The three Mobridge stations are a local source for news and community information. The cluster is managed locally, with Diane Deis listed as the General Manager. The KOLY AM and FM transmitters and the 581 foot tower are east of town on Highway 12.

The station was assigned the KOLY-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on March 25, 1980.

KMLO
KMLO (100.7 FM, is a radio station licensed to serve Lowry, South Dakota, United States.  The station is owned by James River Broadcasting. It airs a country music format.
KMLO is one of the three stations in the Mobridge cluster owned by James River Broadcasting, alongside KOLY (AM) and KOLY-FM. The three Mobridge DRG Media Group stations share studios on 3rd St. East, in Mobridge.

The station's first air date was in 1996. Before being assigned the KMLO call letters, the station briefly operated under the call sign KKFX from 1994 to 1996. The KMLO call sign was assigned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on October 18, 1996. The call letters themselves are thought to be a sister-station tie-in to the KPLO-FM station in the Pierre market.
Russian Wheelchair Curling Championship
The Russian Wheelchair Curling Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по кёрлингу на колясках) is the national championship of wheelchair curling in Russia. It has been held annually since 2007, organized by Russian Curling Federation.

Wheelchair curling
Wheelchair curling is an adaptation of curling for athletes with a disability affecting their lower limbs or gait. Wheelchair curling is governed by World Curling, and is one of the sports in the Winter Paralympic Games.
Kedaragaula
Kedaragaula (pronounced kēdāragaula) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji, and is sometimes spelled as Kedaragowla. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Madhyamavati and the sampurna raga scale Harikambhoji. It is a morning rāgam.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Nano neuro knitting
Nano neuro knitting is an emerging technology for repairing nervous system tissues via nano scaffolding techniques.  Currently being explored in numerous research endeavors, nano neuro knitting has been shown to allow partial reinnervation in damaged areas of the nervous system through the interactions between potentially regenerative axons and peptide scaffolds.  This interaction has been shown to lead to sufficient axon density renewal to the point that functionality is restored.  While nano neuro knitting shows promise, the uncertainty of the effects in human subjects warrants further investigation before clinical trials initiate.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
South African braille
Several braille alphabets are used in South Africa. For English, Unified English Braille has been adopted. Nine other languages have been written in braille: Afrikaans, Ndebele, Sesotho, Northern Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu. All print alphabets are restricted to the basic Latin alphabet, with diacritics in some cases; the braille alphabets are likewise basic braille with additional letters to render the diacritics.

The Nguni languages – Ndebele, Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu – have no diacritics and will not be discussed further.  The braille diacritics are shared by South African languages and are described in the sections that follow.

Punctuation for all South African braille alphabets is as in English Braille.

Xhosa language
Xhosa (/ˈkoʊsə/ KOH-sə, Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰôːsa] ⓘ), formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Bantu language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8 million people and as a second language in South Africa, particularly in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Gauteng, and also in parts of Zimbabwe and Lesotho. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.
2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
2,8-Dihydroxyadenine is a derivative of adenine which accumulates in 2,8 dihydroxy-adenine urolithiasis. The poorly soluble purine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine is excreted in the urine because of a deficiency in the adenine salvage enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. The defect is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; the homozygous state is associated with high urinary levels of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and with crystalluria, calculus formation, and potential nephrotoxicity. The condition primarily presents as renal obstructive disease, but some patients have presented with advanced kidney failure. Allopurinol therapy appears to be effective. 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine formation can be easily controlled with allopurinol, which is administered in a dose of 300 mg/day in adults (10 mg/kg/day in children) in the absence of kidney failure.

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
Gornyak, Altai Krai
Gornyak (Russian: Горня́к) is a town and the administrative center of Loktevsky District of Altai Krai, Russia, located 360 kilometers (220 mi) southwest of Barnaul, the administrative center of the krai. Population:  13,918 (2010 Census); 15,779 (2002 Census); 15,833 (1989 Soviet census). It was previously known as Zolotukha (until 1942). It lies adjacent to the Kazakhstan–Russia border.

Barnaul
Barnaul (Russian: Барнау́л, IPA: [bərnɐˈul] ⓘ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877, making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District.

Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy Demidov family, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.
National Institute of Japanese Literature
The National Institute of Japanese Literature (国文学研究資料館, Kokubungaku Kenkyū Shiryōkan), or NIJL, was established in May 1972. Its primary purpose is to preserve manuscripts and books relating to the study of Japanese literature. Original texts and microfilms of these originals are stored in the institute's archives, although a project is underway to make digital copies of all these materials. The NIJL provides several useful tools for the scholar of Japanese literature, including a compilation of research published yearly in the journal Kokubungaku Nenkan (国文学年刊). It has also developed several on-line databases.

Japanese literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or lit. 'Chinese writing' (漢文, kanbun), a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan.

During the Heian period, Japan's original kokufū culture (lit. 'national culture') developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of kana (仮名) to write Japanese literature.

Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe.
Sergipe
Sergipe (English: /ˌsɛərˈʒiːpi/, sair-ZHEE-pee ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [sɛʁˈʒipi] ⓘ), officially the State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil. Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at 21,910 square kilometres (8,460 mi2), larger only than the Federal District. Sergipe borders Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north. Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state; the state is divided into 75 municipalities. The state has 1.1% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.6% of the Brazilian GDP.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Szemerédi regularity lemma
In extremal graph theory, Szemerédi's regularity lemma  states that a graph can be partitioned into a bounded number of parts so that the edges between parts are regular (in the sense defined below). The lemma shows that certain properties of random graphs can be applied to dense graphs like counting the copies of a given subgraph within graphs. Endre Szemerédi proved the lemma over bipartite graphs for his theorem on arithmetic progressions in 1975 and for general graphs in 1978. Variants of the lemma use different notions of regularity and apply to other mathematical objects like hypergraphs.

Miklós Simonovits
Miklós Simonovits (4 September 1943 in Budapest) is a Hungarian mathematician who currently works at the Rényi Institute of Mathematics in Budapest and is a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is on the advisory board of the journal Combinatorica. He is best known for his work in extremal graph theory and was awarded Széchenyi Prize in 2014. Among other things, he discovered the method of progressive induction which he used to describe graphs which do not contain a predetermined graph and the number of edges is close to maximal. With Lovász, he gave a randomized algorithm using O(n7 log2 n)
separation calls to approximate the volume of a convex body within a fixed relative error.

Simonovits was also one of the most frequent collaborators with Paul Erdős, co-authoring 21 papers with him.
Sergio Porrini
Sergio Porrini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛrdʒo porˈriːni]; born 8 November 1968) is an Italian football coach and former centre-back and right-back defender.

Porrini played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, although he is most well known for his periods at Juventus, and Scottish club Rangers, where he won several titles. He has also served as an assistant coach for the Albania national football team.

1995 Supercoppa Italiana
The 1995 Supercoppa Italiana was a match contested by Juventus, the 1994–95 Serie A winner, Parma, the 1994–95 Coppa Italia runner-up, since Juventus had won both trophies in the 1994–95 season. 
It was the second appearance for both teams, after Juventus was defeated by Napoli in 1990 and Parma lost against Milan in 1992.

The match was played in January 1996 because of scheduling conflicts.
Primality Testing for Beginners
Primality Testing for Beginners is an undergraduate-level mathematics book on primality tests, methods for testing whether a given number is a prime number, centered on the AKS primality test, the first method to solve this problem in polynomial time. It was written by Lasse Rempe-Gillen and Rebecca Waldecker, and originally published in German as Primzahltests für Einsteiger: Zahlentheorie, Algorithmik, Kryptographie (Vieweg+Teubner, 2009). It was translated into English as Primality Testing for Beginners and published in 2014 by the American Mathematical Society, as volume 70 of their Student Mathematical Library book series. A second German-language edition was publisher by Springer in 2016.

AKS primality test
The AKS primality test (also known as the Agrawal–Kayal–Saxena primality test and the cyclotomic AKS test) is a deterministic primality-proving algorithm created and published by Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, and Nitin Saxena, computer scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, on August 6, 2002, in an article titled "PRIMES is in P". The algorithm was the first one which is able to determine in polynomial time, whether a given number is prime or composite without relying on mathematical conjectures such as the generalized Riemann hypothesis. The proof is also notable for not relying on the field of analysis. In 2006 the authors received both the Gödel Prize and Fulkerson Prize for their work.
Katlenburg-Lindau
Katlenburg-Lindau (German pronunciation: [ˈkatlənbʊʁk ˈlɪndaʊ]; Eastphalian: Katelnborg-Lindau) is a municipality in the Landkreis (district) of Northeim in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km southeast of Northeim, and 20 km northeast of Göttingen. Katlenburg-Lindau was formed on 1 March 1974 from the formerly independent communities of Katlenburg-Duhm, Gillersheim, Berka, Elvershausen, Wachenhausen, Suterode and Lindau. With the exception of Lindau, which had belonged Landkreis Duderstadt (itself formerly part of the Eichsfeld), these communities were part of Landkreis Northeim. 
The Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung) of the Max Planck Society was located in Lindau from 1946 to 2014, when it was moved to Göttingen. Until June 2004 the MPI was known as "Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie".

Northeim (district)
Northeim is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Holzminden, Hildesheim, Goslar and Göttingen, and the state of Hesse (district of Kassel).
Ecklak
Ecklak is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

Ecklak is located on the periphery of the Wilstermarsch and Kudenseemoor, about ten kilometers northeast of Brunsbüttel and 14 kilometers west of Itzehoe on the Kiel Canal. The federal highway 5 and the railway line from Itzehoe to Brunsbüttel run a few kilometers south of Ecklak. The river of Wilsterau flows through the municipality of Ecklak.

Itzehoe
Itzehoe (German: [ɪtsəˈhoː] ⓘ; Low German: Itzhoe) is a town in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.

As the capital of the district Steinburg, Itzehoe is located on the Stör, a navigable tributary of the Elbe, 51 km (31.7 mi) northwest of Hamburg and 24 km (14.9 mi) north of Glückstadt. The population is about 32,530.
Australian lager
Australian lager is pale lager that is produced in Australia. The pale lager-style beer originated in Europe in the mid-19th century, and moved to Australia with German immigrants. As a general trend outside of Bavaria and the Czech Republic where the beers may be firmly hopped, pale lager developed as a modestly hopped beer, and sometimes used adjuncts such as rice or corn – and this was also true in Australia.

Beer from XXXX, various Tooheys' brands, Victoria Bitter (which is classified as a lager), West End Draught, Swan, Young Henrys, and Foster's Lager, are Australian lagers. An Australian lager with an amber hue and slightly bitter flavour typically brewed with Pride of Ringwood hops or its descendants.

Corn beer
Corn beer is a beer style made from corn (maize). The drink is a traditional beverage in various cuisines. Chicha, the best-known corn beer, is widespread in the Andes and local varieties of corn beer exist elsewhere.