hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Oceania Men's Handball Challenge Trophy
The 2012 Men's Oceania Handball Challenge Trophy was held in Apia, Samoa between October 1 and 6, 2012.

The competition participants were defending champions Australia, New Zealand, Vanuatu and Cook Islands and hosts Samoa.

The winners were Australia, going through undefeated. Second was New Zealand then Vanuatu, Cook Islands and Samoa.

Oceania Handball Challenge Trophy
The Oceania Handball Challenge Trophy is a handball competition for Under 20-year-old men and Under 19-year-old women organised by the Oceania Continent Handball Federation. The winner of this competition qualifies for the Men's and Women's Junior World Handball Championship's.
Replica 1
The Replica 1 is a clone of the historic Apple I of 1976. It was designed by Vince Briel in 2003. It was the first Apple 1 clone to take advantage of more modern components, enabling the clone to be produced with cheaper and more widely available components while retaining the functionality of the original.

Breadboard
A breadboard, solderless breadboard, or protoboard is a construction base used to build semi-permanent prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike a perfboard or stripboard, breadboards do not require soldering or destruction of tracks and are hence reusable. For this reason, breadboards are also popular with students and in technological education.

A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).

Compared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have high parasitic capacitance, relatively high resistance, and less reliable connections, which are subject to jostle and physical degradation. Signaling is limited to about 10 MHz, and even well below that frequency not everything works properly.
Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat
The Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat is an annual track and field competition at the Rabat Olympic Stadium in Rabat, Morocco as part of the IAAF World Challenge Meetings. It was first organized in 2008, and in 2014 and 2024 it was instead held in Marrakesh Stadium in Marrakesh. Its name honours Mohammed VI of Morocco, the present king of Morocco. In 2016 the meeting replaces Adidas Grand Prix in New York for the 2016 IAAF Diamond League season.

IAAF World Challenge
The IAAF World Challenge was an annual, global circuit of one-day track and field competitions organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). First held in 2010, it replaced the IAAF Grand Prix and IAAF Super Grand Prix series to form the second tier of international one-day meetings, after the IAAF Diamond League. Unlike the Diamond League, the IAAF World Challenge comprised stand-alone meetings, and no overall winners are crowned. The series was made defunct at the end of 2019 and was replaced by the World Athletics Continental Tour, which includes series winners for non-Diamond League events.
St Peter, Jersey
St Peter (French: Saint-Pièrre; Jèrriais: St Pièrre) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is around 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) north-west of St Helier. The parish has a population of 5,003. It has a surface area of 10.6 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi).

It is the only parish with two separate coastlines, stretching from St Ouen's Bay in the west to St Aubin's Bay in the south, and thereby cutting St Brelade off from other parishes.  It also borders St Ouen and St Mary to the north and St Lawrence to the east. A large portion of the parish is occupied by Jersey Airport.

The traditional nickname for St. Pierrais is ventres à baînis (limpet bellies), perhaps because their parish sticks to two coasts like limpets.

Parishes of Jersey
The parishes of Jersey (Jerriais: Les pâraisses dé Jèrri) are the civil and religious administrative districts of Jersey in the Channel Islands. There are twelve in total; all have access to the sea and share a name with their ancient parish churches.

The parishes and the roles within their structures are ancient; some of the parishes perhaps date to the fifth century AD. They are governed by principles and customs that form part of the Norman customary law from which Jersey law originates. As such, many of the parish roles and structures have often been ill-defined. The main role of the modern parish is similar to local government structures in other countries, with the parishes having powers over waste collection, law enforcement and roads maintenance. These responsibilities are mostly shared with the States.: 24
Hay, Western Australia
Hay is a locality in the Shire of Denmark, Great Southern region of Western Australia. The South Coast Highway passes through the locality from east to west. the Hay River forms its eastern boundary while the southern shore of the Wilson Inlet forms its southern border. The Mount Lindesay National Park extends into the far north of Hay while the McIntosh Road and Rudyard Beach Nature Reserves are located in its south.

Hay was a stopping place on the Albany to Denmark railway line, which was extended to Nornalup in 1929 and closed down in 1957.

Mount Lindesay National Park
Mount Lindesay National Park is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. It was designated in 2004, and covers an area of 395.73 km2. It is part of the larger Walpole Wilderness Area that was established in the same year.

It is bounded on the north and north west by Mount Roe National Park.

It straddles two ecoregions – the Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands cover the southern portion of the park and extend to the coast, and Southwest Australia woodlands cover the northern portion of the park.

The park is the easternmost in the Walpole Wilderness Area, which was designated in 2004 and includes several other national parks and reserves.
Battle of Oramar
The Battle of Oramar or Oramar Expedition, was a battle in the present-day village of Dağlıca, Yüksekova, in Hakkari, that took place in September 1917 between the Assyrian volunteers of Agha Petros, supported by Russian Cossacks, against the Kurds of Soto Agha. The Assyrian forces initiated the attack with the goal of recapturing Oramar that was held by the Kurds since 1914, in order to punish Soto Agha for his previous crimes against the Assyrians during Sayfo.

Withdrawal (military)
A tactical withdrawal or retreating defensive action is a type of military operation, generally meaning that retreating forces draw back while maintaining contact with the enemy. A withdrawal may be undertaken as part of a general retreat, to consolidate forces, to occupy ground that is more easily defended, force the enemy to overextend to secure a decisive victory, or to lead the enemy into an ambush. It is considered a relatively risky operation, requiring discipline to keep from turning into a disorganized rout or at the very least doing severe damage to the military's morale.
Castellarano
Castellarano (Reggiano: Castlarân) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Reggio Emilia.

Castellarano borders the following municipalities: Baiso, Casalgrande, Prignano sulla Secchia, Sassuolo, Scandiano, Viano.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Sancai, Hainan
Sancai (Chinese: 三才; pinyin: Sāncái) is a town under the administration of Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan, China. As of 2023, it administers six villages: Dayuan Village (大园村), Le'an Village (乐安村), Niudui Village (牛堆村), Huashi Village (花石村), Chaomei Village (朝美村), and Gangyan Village (港演村).

Lingshui Li Autonomous County
Lingshui Li Autonomous County is an autonomous county in Hainan, China. It is one of the six autonomous counties of Hainan with a postal code of 572400, and in 1999 a population of 318,691, largely made up of the Li people. Notably the beautiful Niuling (牛岭) mountain delimits the tropical area of the county. A well-known natural sight, part of the Chinese Riviera is Xiangshuiwan or Perfume bay (香水湾). Monkey Island, a popular tourist destination located in Lingshui County, is a state-protected nature reserve for macaques. Lingshui is also home to the military base where a U.S. airplane crew were held during the Hainan Island incident in 2001. In September 2010, officials signed and scheduled the construction of the largest sea world theme park in Asia. The Lingshui Li'an Harbor Ocean Theme Park signing ceremony took place at the Narada Resort in Perfume Bay and the opening is planned for 2013.
Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River
The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River comprises three Senators representing Cross River North, Cross River South, and Cross River Central, and eight Representatives representing  Calabar Municipal/Odukpani, Ogoja/Iyala, Ikom/Boki, Yakurr/Abi, Bekwarra/Obudu/Obanliku, Akpabuyo/Bakassi/Calabar South, Akamkpa/biase, and Obubra/ Etung.

Cross River Central senatorial district
Cross River Central senatorial district in Cross River State covers six local governments which include Abi, Yakurr, Obubra, Ikom, Etung and Boki. The current representative of Cross River Central is Senator Eteng Jonah Williams of the All Progressives Congress(APC).
2007 Emerald Bowl
The 2007 Emerald Bowl, one of the 2007–08 NCAA football bowl games, was played on December 27, 2007, at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California, with the  Atlantic Coast Conference represented by the Maryland Terrapins against the Oregon State Beavers, representing the Pacific-10 Conference.

The Terrapins scored all of their 14 points in the first quarter, while the Beavers scored successive touchdowns in the first, second and third quarters to win the game 21–14. Running back Yvenson Bernard and linebacker Derrick Doggett were the game MVPs.

2007–08 NCAA football bowl games
The 2007–08 NCAA football bowl games concluded the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS regular season in college football.

A total of 32 team-competitive plus four all-star postseason games were played. While bowl games had been the purview of only the very best teams for nearly a century, this was the second consecutive year that teams with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games. To fill the 64 available bowl slots from the 119 schools in the Bowl Subdivision, a total of seven teams (11% of all participants) with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games—all seven had a .500 (6-6) season.
Gmina Łoniów
Gmina Łoniów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łoniów, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 86.99 square kilometres (33.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,513 (7,542 in 2013).

Sandomierz County
Sandomierz County (Polish: powiat sandomierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sandomierz, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Koprzywnica, lying 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and Zawichost, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Sandomierz.

The county covers an area of 675.89 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,352, out of which the population of Sandomierz is 23,494, that of Koprzywnica is 2,470, that of Zawichost is 1,771, and the rural population is 49,617.
Scottmoria
Scottmoria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lecythidaceae. It includes 26 species native tropical Central and South America, ranging from Honduras to Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

The genus was described in 2024 by Xavier Cornejo, who named it in honor of American botanist Scott Alan Mori (1941–2020), an authority in the neotropical Lecythidaceae. The species in Scottmoria constitute the former Integrifolia clade of genus Eschweilera. Vargas et al. published a phylogenetic study in 2024 which concluded that Eschweilera was polyphyletic, and the authors proposed new or revived genera, including Scottmoria, for species in the paraphyletic sections of Eschweilera.

Eschweilera
Eschweilera is a genus of woody plants in the family Lecythidaceae first described as a genus in 1828. It is native to southern Mexico, Central America, South America, and Trinidad.

A phylogenetic study published in 2024 by Vargas et al. concluded that Eschweilera was polyphyletic. The authors proposed leaving the core Parvifolia clade in Eschweilera, and placing the Tetrapetala section of Lecythis in the new genus Imbiriba, the  Integrifolia clade in the new genus Scottmoria, and Eschweilera amazoniciformis, an isolated sister lineage to Corythophora and Imbiriba, in the new monotypic genus Waimiria.
Bandikui Junction railway station
Bandikui Junction railway station is a major railway station in Dausa district, Rajasthan. Its code is BKI. It serves Bandikui city. The station consists of six platforms. The platforms are well sheltered. It has many facilities including water and sanitation.

Station is a major railway station at the junction of Agra–Jaipur and Delhi–Jaipur railway lines in Dausa district of Rajasthan. It is one of the earliest railway stations in northern India and also was the destination of steam locomotives. The first train in Rajasthan ran from Bandikui Junction to Agra Fort, started in April 1874 by the colonial government in India.

Delhi–Jaipur line
The Delhi–Jaipur line connects New Delhi, the capital of India with Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Further it is linked with the Jaipur-Ahmedabad line and the Ahmedabad-Mumbai main line.

There are about 30 trains connecting Delhi to Jaipur, fastest one, CDG – AII Vande Bharat taking 3 hours 32 minutes. and ADI – SJ Rajdhani taking 3 hours 50 minutes.

The route also faces delays in normal running during winter period because of fog. Throughout the route, there are two parallel railway lines running, helping in swift movement of trains without any delays.
Malta Rugby Union National Championship
The Malta Rugby Union National Championship, better known as the Cisk Lager League for sponsorship reasons, is the highest tier of Rugby Union in Malta. It is sponsored by Cisk Lager and run by the Malta Rugby Football Union. Champions of the previous season play the winner of the Mediterranean Bank Cup, which runs parallel, in the Ray Elliot Cup, which serves a super cup.

The league is played in the Marsa Sports Complex since the clubs do not own stadiums.

Malta Rugby Football Union
The Malta Rugby Football Union (MRFU) is the governing body for rugby union in Malta. The MRFU is a full member of Rugby Europe and World Rugby. The MRFU is a member of SportMalta, the Maltese islands' national sports body.
Landkreis Graudenz
The district of Graudenz was a Prussian district in the administrative region of Marienwerder that existed from 1818 to 1920. It belonged to the province of West Prussia until 1829 and then again from 1878 to 1920. Between 1829 and 1878, it belonged to the Province of Prussia. It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the World War I in 1920 through the Treaty of Versailles. The city of Graudenz, was part of the district until 1900, after which it formed its own independent urban district.

From 1939 to 1945, the district was re-established in occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Today this area lies in the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.

National Liberal Party (Germany)
The National Liberal Party (German: Nationalliberale Partei, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.

During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag. While supporting the common ideals of liberalism and nationalism, the party contained two wings, which reflected the conflicting claims of its Hegelian and idealistic heritage: one emphasized the power of the state through the Nationalstaat, and the other emphasized the civil liberties of the Rechtsstaat. Although that cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.
Kao Ching-yi
Kao Ching-yi is a Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner.

She won a gold medal in heavyweight at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships in Edmonton, after defeating Laurence Rase in the semifinal, and Dominique Bosshart in the final. She won a silver medal at the 1998 Asian Taekwondo Championships, a bronze medal at the 1998 Asian Games, and took 1st at the 1998 U.S. Open defeating Nicki Carlson-Lee in the finals.

Laurence Rase
Laurence Rase (born 4 April 1977 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium) is a female taekwondo practitioner from Belgium. She is a two-time heavyweight medalist at the World Taekwondo Championships and won the 2006 European Championship in Bonn, Germany. 
She competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics but was eliminated in the quarterfinals by losing to Natália Falavigna of Brazil 8–4.

Rase served as Performance Director of the Flemish Taekwondo Union from 2010 until 2021.

She is General Director of the Federation de Volleyball Wallonie-Brusselles sinds 2023.

She graduated as Master in Politics in 2001 and Master in Laws in 2007.
Dan Rayfield
Daniel Adam Rayfield (born March 1, 1979) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 18th attorney general of the state of Oregon since 2024, after his predecessor Ellen Rosenblum resigned a week before her term expired. He was speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2022 to 2024. In the House, he represented the 16th district, which included Corvallis and Adair Village.

In November 2024, he was elected Attorney General of Oregon after defeating Republican Will Lathrop in the general election.

Ellen Rosenblum
Ellen F. Rosenblum (born January 6, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 17th Oregon Attorney General from June 2012 to December 2024. She is the first female state attorney general in Oregon's history, and previously was a judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 2005 to 2011.
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
This glossary of electrical and electronics engineering is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related specifically to electrical engineering and electronics engineering. For terms related to engineering in general, see Glossary of engineering.

Synchronization (alternating current)
In an alternating current (AC) electric power system, synchronization is the process of matching the frequency, phase and voltage of a generator or other source to an electrical grid in order to transfer power. If two unconnected segments of a grid are to be connected to each other, they cannot safely exchange AC power until they are synchronized.

A direct current (DC) generator can be connected to a power network simply by adjusting its open-circuit terminal voltage to match the network's voltage, by either adjusting its speed or its field excitation. The exact engine speed is not critical. However, an AC generator must additionally match its timing (frequency and phase) to the network voltage, which requires both speed and excitation to be systematically controlled for synchronization. This extra complexity was one of the arguments against AC operation during the war of currents in the 1880s. In modern grids, synchronization of generators is carried out by automatic systems.
Amba (landform)
An amba (Amharic: ዐምባ āmbā, Tigrinya: እምባ imbā) is a characteristic landform in Ethiopia. It is a steep-sided, flat-topped mountain, often the site of villages, wells, and their surrounding farmland. Such settlements were frequently located on these amba plateaus because they were very defensible and often virtually inaccessible from the ground.

The original term in Amharic indicates a mountain fortress. Amba Geshen, for example, is a historically significant amba where members of royal families were kept under guard for their safety and to prevent their participation in plots against the sitting emperor. Other noted Ambas include Amba Aradam and Amba Alagi, sites of famous battles during the first and second Italo-Ethiopian Wars.

Amba Aradam
Amba Aradam is a table mountain in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone of the Tigray Region, between Mek'ele and Addis Ababa, it has a latitude and longitude of 13°20′N 39°31′E﻿ / ﻿13.333°N 39.517°E﻿ / 13.333; 39.517 and an elevation of 2,756 metres (9,042 ft).

The name in Tigrinya is Imba Aradom, but international usage in geology (Amba Aradam Formation) and history (battles in the 1930s) have coined the name Amba Aradam.
William Collins (cricketer, born 1868)
William Ronald Collins (29 January 1868 – 10 December 1942) was an English cricketer. Collins was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Hackney, Middlesex and was educated at Wellington College.

Collins made a single first-class appearance for Middlesex in the 1892 County Championship against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton. He was dismissed twice in the match for ducks, firstly by Coote Hedley in Middlesex's first-innings and then by George Nichols in their second.

He died at Thrapston, Northamptonshire on 10 December 1942.

George Nichols (cricketer)
George Benjamin Nichols (14 June 1862 – 19 February 1911) was an English professional first-class cricketer who played 134 matches for Somerset, after starting his career with five first-class appearances for Gloucestershire. He was a key part of the Somerset team that won the 'Second-class County Championship' in 1890 by winning twelve of their thirteen matches, tying the other with Middlesex. A right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler, he was known for being able to bowl long, accurate spells.
India On Track FC
India On Track F.C. is an Indian professional football club based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The club competes in the Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League. India On Track Football Club has achieved 5 consecutive promotions, starting from the lowest tier in 2018.

Mumbai Football League
The Mumbai Football League, also known as the Harwood League, is organised by the Mumbai Football Association (MFA), as a ladder-based competition involving a total of five divisions and over 300 teams. It is the top football league in Mumbai and the second-oldest football league in Asia after Calcutta Football League.

The league was named after colonel Harwood who founded the Bombay Football Association and became first president.