hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Death Dealers
The Death Dealers is a 1958 mystery novel by American writer Isaac Asimov (later republished as A Whiff of Death, Asimov's preferred title). It is about a university professor whose research student dies while conducting an experiment. The professor attempts to determine if the death was accident, suicide or murder.

The novel was Asimov's first novel-length mystery (non-science fiction) story.  He had already published several mystery short stories, later collected as Asimov's Mysteries (1968), in some of which the mystery was solved by applying known science. Asimov's previous two novels from his Robots series combined mystery with science fiction.

Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide (also called prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a highly toxic and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. Large-scale applications are for the production of potassium cyanide and adiponitrile, used in mining and plastics, respectively. It is more toxic than solid cyanide compounds due to its volatile nature. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water, represented as HCN(aq), is called hydrocyanic acid. The salts of the cyanide anion are known as cyanides.

Whether hydrogen cyanide is an organic compound or not is a topic of debate among chemists. It is traditionally considered inorganic, but can also be considered a nitrile, giving rise to its alternative names of methanenitrile and formonitrile.
163rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 163rd Infantry Division (German: 163. Infanterie-Division) was a German Army infantry division in World War II. Formed in November 1939, it was engaged in the invasion of Norway the following year. It fought alongside the Finnish Army during Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union. During this time, the division's transit through neutral Sweden caused the Midsummer Crisis of 1941. The division spent most of the war in Finland, before being returned to Germany. It was destroyed in March 1945 in Pomerania by the First Polish Army, subordinated to the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front.

First Polish Army (1944–1945)
The Polish First Army (Polish: Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego, 1 AWP for short, also known as Berling's Army) was an army unit of the Polish Armed Forces in the East. It was formed in the Soviet Union in 1944, from the previously existing Polish I Corps in the Soviet Union, as part of the People's Army of Poland (LWP). The First Army fought westward, subordinated to the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front, during the offensive against Nazi Germany that led to the capture of Warsaw in January 1945 and the capture of Berlin in May 1945.
Operation Snoopy
Operation Snoopy was an operation launched by Rhodesia in response to Air Rhodesia Flight 825 being shot down by a communist backed insurgent group, the ZIPRA. The operation took place in Mozambique, where many of the ZANLA's camps were located, particularly in the area in and around Chimoio.

Rhodesian Air Force
The Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF) was an air force based in Salisbury (now Harare) which represented several entities under various names between 1935 and 1980: originally serving the British self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia, it was the air arm of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland between 1953 and 31 December 1963; of Southern Rhodesia once again from 1 January 1964; and of the unrecognised nation of Rhodesia following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from Britain on 11 November 1965.

Named the Royal Rhodesian Air Force (RRAF) from 1954, the "Royal" prefix was dropped in 1970 when Rhodesia declared itself a republic – the official abbreviation changed appropriately. When the internationally recognised country of Zimbabwe came into being in 1980, the RhAF became the Air Force of Zimbabwe.
Mike Cope
Mike Cope (born May 8, 1962) is an American former stock car racing driver. A two-time champion of the NASCAR Slim Jim All Pro Series, he also competed in the NASCAR Busch Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. He is no relation to Daytona 500 winner Derrike Cope.

Derrike Cope
Derrike Wayne Cope (born November 3, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He is best known for his surprise win in the 1990 Daytona 500. He last competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 15 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Rick Ware Racing in an alliance with his own StarCom Racing. Cope also was team manager of StarCom. As of 2022, he is the last driver to compete in at least one NASCAR Cup Series race in five consecutive decades (1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, 2020s).
Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede
Arthur Augustus William Harry Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede (16 February 1871 – 23 March 1946), was a British politician, writer, and social activist.  He was the son of Sir Henry Ponsonby, Private Secretary to Queen Victoria, and Mary Elizabeth Bulteel, daughter of John Crocker Bulteel. He was also the great-grandson of The 3rd Earl of Bessborough, The 3rd Earl of Bathurst and The 2nd Earl Grey. The 1st Baron Sysonby was his elder brother.

Ponsonby is often quoted as the author of the dictum "When war is declared, truth is the first casualty", published in his book Falsehood in War-time, Containing an Assortment of Lies Circulated Throughout the Nations During the Great War (1928). However, he uses this phrase in quotation marks as an epigram at the start of the book and does not present it as his own words.  Its likely origin is the almost identical line spoken in 1917 by the United States Senator Hiram Johnson: "The first casualty when war comes is truth".

Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst
Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst (22 May 1762 – 27 July 1834), was a High Tory, High Church Pittite. He was an MP for thirty years before ennoblement. A personal friend of William Pitt the Younger, he became a broker of deals across cabinet factions during the Napoleonic era. After the Napoleonic Wars, Bathurst was on the conservative wing of the Tory party.
Gmina Kamienica
Gmina Kamienica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kamienica, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Limanowa and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 52.8 square kilometres (20.4 sq mi), and as of 2025 its total population is 5988.

Limanowa County
Limanowa County (Polish: powiat limanowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Limanowa, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The only other town in the county is Mszana Dolna, lying 27 km (17 mi) west of Limanowa.The county is divided between Gorals in the territories of gmina Mszana Dolna and gmina Niedziewiedź and Lachs in the rest of the territory.

The county covers an area of 951.96 square kilometres (367.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 121,804, out of which the population of Limanowa is 15,157, that of Mszana Dolna is 7,944, and the rural population is 108,628.
Hans Granfelt
Hans Granfelt (26 October 1897 – 5 September 1963) was a Swedish fencer and discus thrower. At the 1920 Summer Olympics he competed in the discus throw and served as the Swedish flag bearer. At 1936, Summer Olympics he competed in the individual and team épée and won a team silver medal. His brothers Nils and Erik were Olympic gymnasts, and his nephew Nils Rydström became an Olympic fencer.

Nils Granfelt
Nils Daniel Granfelt (February 17, 1887 – July 21, 1959) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event.
D27 road (Croatia)
D27 is a state road connecting Gračac in the southern part of Lika, Croatia, to D8 state road via Benkovac. The road is 96.9 kilometres (60.2 mi) long. It also provides an alternative route to the sections of A1 motorway and the D8 state road that cross the Maslenica strait over the two Maslenica bridges, underneath the Velebit. This is especially important when strong wind or storms (usually the bora) cause the A1 motorway section between Maslenica Bridge (A1) and Sveti Rok Tunnel to be closed for traffic for safety reasons.

The road, like all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Sveti Rok Tunnel
The Sveti Rok Tunnel is a road tunnel in Lika, Croatia. It is 5.68 kilometres (3.53 mi) long and passes through the Velebit mountains. The tunnel runs between the Sveti Rok and Rovanjska exits on the A1 highway (Zagreb–Dubrovnik); eponymous villages are located near the tunnel's northbound and southbound entrances respectively.
1990 Carolina League season
The 1990 Carolina League was a Class A-Advanced baseball season played between April 12 and September 2. Eight teams played a 140-game schedule, with the winners of each half of the season competing in the playoffs.

The Frederick Keys won the Carolina League championship, defeating the Kinston Indians in the final round of the playoffs.

Kinston Indians
The Kinston Indians were a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League (CL) located in Kinston, North Carolina, from 1978 to 2011. They played their home games at Grainger Stadium, which opened in 1949.

The team began play in 1978 as the Kinston Eagles, borrowing their name from the city's first team of the same name dating back to 1925. They became an affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays in 1979 and rebranded as the Kinston Blue Jays in 1982. Kinston reverted to the Eagles moniker in 1986 after the Toronto affiliation ended and became the Kinston Indians upon partnering with the Cleveland Indians in 1987. After the 2011 season, the Carolina League franchise was relocated to Zebulon, North Carolina, for the 2012 campaign to become the Carolina Mudcats.

The K-Tribe won the Carolina League championship in 1988, 1991, 1995, 2004, and 2006.
Tom Ryan (Killenaule hurler)
Thomas Anthony Ryan (1941 – 13 March 2023) was an Irish hurler. At club level he played with Killenaule, Éire Óg, Nenagh, Éire Óg, Ennis, Liam Mellows and James Stephens, while at inter-county level he lined out with Tipperary, Clare and Galway.

Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship
The Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship was an annual hurling tournament played between the senior hurling clubs in Connacht contested from 1970 until 2007 when it was discontinued due to a lack of meaningful opposition for the Galway champions. The Galway champions now qualify directly for the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship semi-final.

Throughout the competition's existence the Galway champions automatically qualified for the final. In 2007, the competition's final year, this competition was won by Portumna from Galway. The competition had long since become a formality for the Galway teams.

The Mayo and Roscommon champions now compete in the Connacht Intermediate Club Hurling Championship. Sligo and Leitrim champions participate in the Connacht Junior Club Hurling Championship, again with the Galway side entering the competition at the final stage.
Mahmud Pasha Angelović
Mahmud Pasha Angelović (Serbian: Махмуд-паша Анђеловић/Mahmud-paša Anđelović; Turkish: Veli Mahmud Paşa; 1420–1474) was a major military leader and the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1456 to 1466 and from 1472 to 1474. He also wrote Persian and Turkish poems under the takhallus (pen name) Adni (the "Eden-like").

Born in the Serbian Despotate, he was a descendant of the Byzantine Angelos family that had left Thessaly in 1394. According to biographers, he was conscripted as a child by the Ottomans employing the devşirme system. Raised as a Muslim in Edirne, he was a capable soldier and was married to a daughter of Zaganos Pasha. After distinguishing himself at the Siege of Belgrade in 1456, he was raised to the position of grand vizier as a reward, succeeding his father-in-law Zaganos Pasha. Throughout his tenure, he led armies or accompanied Mehmed II on his own campaigns.

Tahsin Yazıcı (scholar)
Tahsin Yazıcı (1922 – 20 November 2002) was a Turkish literary scholar who was active in the latter half of the 20th century, when he produced his critical edition of Aflākī's Manāqib al-ʿārifīn, a hagiography of the Mevlevi Order, and other works focused on Persian mystic literature. He was also chief editor of the Turkish İslâm Ansiklopedisi for more than two decades.

Yazıcı has been described as an "eminent scholar of Persian and Arabic literatures", and his editions and translations of Mevlevi texts have been called "indispensable".
Anti-Gaddafi forces
The Anti-Gaddafi forces, also known as the Libyan opposition or Libyan rebels, were NATO/Qatari-backed Libyan groups that opposed and militarily defeated the government of Muammar Gaddafi during the First Libyan Civil War in 2011, killing him in the process. The Anti-Gaddafi forces were represented by the National Transitional Council and their National Liberation Army, which claimed to be the "only legitimate body representing the people of Libya and the Libyan state". These opposition forces included organized and armed militia groups, participants in the Libyan Civil War, Libyan diplomats who switched their allegiance from the Gaddafi-led government, and Libyan military units that switched sides to support the protesters.

Domestic responses to the Libyan civil war (2011)
During the early stages of the Libyan Civil War of 2011, the Gaddafi regime was still in power: but there was widespread withdrawal of support for that regime by influential persons and organisations within the country. Among those who no longer supported the regime, the main concern they expressed was about what they regarded as its use of excessive force against peaceful protestors. There were resignations by many ministers of the governing council and other senior officials, diplomats posted abroad, and senior military officers. Islamic clerics, tribal leaders, and members of the former royal family expressed their opposition, while the two leading Libyan oil companies also withdrew support for the regime.
Variable costing
Variable costing is a managerial accounting cost concept. Under this method, manufacturing overhead is incurred in the period that a product is produced. This addresses the issue of absorption costing that allows income to rise as production rises. Under an absorption cost method, management can push forward costs to the next period when products are sold. This artificially inflates profits in the period of production by incurring less cost than would be incurred under a variable costing system. Variable costing is generally not used for external reporting purposes. Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, income statements must use absorption costing to comply with GAAP.

Variable costing is a costing method that includes only variable manufacturing costs—direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead—in unit product costs.

Factory overhead
Factory overhead, also called manufacturing overhead, manufacturing overhead costs (MOH cost), work overhead, or factory burden in American English, is the total cost involved in operating all production facilities of a manufacturing business that cannot be traced directly to a product. It generally applies to indirect labor and indirect cost. Overhead also includes all costs involved in manufacturing with the exception of the cost of raw materials. Examples include supplies, indirect materials such as lubricants, indirect manufacturing labor such as plant maintenance and cleaning labor, plant rent, plant insurance, property taxes on the plant, plant depreciation, and the compensation of plant managers.
Independence or Death
The 1888 painting Independence or Death (Independência ou Morte in Portuguese), also known as the Cry of Ipiranga (Grito do Ipiranga in the original) is an oil on canvas painting by Pedro Américo, from 1888. It is the best known artwork representing the proclamation of the Brazilian independence.

Monument to the Independence of Brazil
The Monument to the Independence of Brazil (Portuguese: Monumento à Independência do Brasil) is a granite and bronze monument located within the Independence Park in São Paulo, Brazil. It is also known as the Ipiranga Monument (Monumento do Ipiranga) or the Altar of the Fatherland (Altar da Pátria). The monument is located on the banks of the Ipiranga Brook, on the historic site where prince regent Pedro (later emperor as Pedro I) proclaimed the independence of the country on 7 September 1822.

The monument was designed and built by Italian sculptor Ettore Ximenes (1855–1926) and Italian architect Manfredo Manfredi (1859–1927) to celebrate the first centennial of the Brazilian Independence in 1922.
Altdorf Forest
The Altdorf Forest (German: Altdorfer Wald) is a forested, low mountain ridge between Aulendorf and Vogt in the county of Ravensburg in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is up to 776.6 m above sea level (NHN) high.

The forest has an area of about 82 km2 and is thus the largest contiguous forest in Upper Swabia. It is divided into state, municipal and private forests, of which the aristocratic House of Waldburg-Wolfegg owns the largest area.

Ravensburg (district)
Ravensburg is a Landkreis (district) in the southeast of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from southwest clockwise) Bodensee, Sigmaringen and Biberach, the Bavarian urban district Memmingen and the districts Unterallgäu, Oberallgäu and Lindau.
Twenty Your Life On
Twenty Your Life On (Chinese: 二十不惑) is a Chinese television drama directed by Li Zhi and produced by Shen Yan.

The first season premiered in 2020, starring Guan Xiaotong, Niu Junfeng, Bu Guanjin, Jin Shijia, Li Gengxi, Dong Siyi, and Wang Anyu.

The second season premiered in 2022, starring Guan Xiaotong, Bu Guanjin, Dong Siyi, Xu Mengjie, Xie Binbin, Li Junxian, Fei Qiming, Zhou Yiran, and Jin Shijia.

Chinese television drama
Chinese television dramas (Chinese: 中国电视连续剧; pinyin: Zhōngguó diànshì liánxùjù), sometimes colloquially known as C-dramas, are Chinese-language television drama series originating from China, sometimes including co-productions with the Greater China region. Popular drama series genres in China include fantasy romance, period costume, contemporary urban and thriller dramas. Chinese dramas are often subjected to stringent regulatory supervisions from China's National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA).

China produces the most television drama episodes per year and has the largest number of domestic television viewers in the world. It is also the second largest video streaming market in the world by revenue. Chinese television dramas are regularly broadcast and streamed throughout Asia; particularly in Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Cambodia.
Monocle (brand)
Monocle is a global affairs and lifestyle magazine published by Winkreative Ltd. It also operates a 24-hour internet radio station, a retail business, and an associated website. The magazine was founded in London in 2007 by Tyler Brûlé, a Canadian entrepreneur and co-founder of Wallpaper* magazine.

In 2014, Brûlé sold a minority stake in Monocle to Japanese publisher Nikkei Inc., valuing the company at approximately US$115 million. The size of the investment was not disclosed. In December of the same year, the magazine introduced The Forecast, a seasonal publication. A travel-focused title, The Escapist, followed in 2015.

Wallpaper (magazine)
Wallpaper, stylised Wallpaper*, is a British monthly publication focusing on design and architecture, fashion, travel, art, and lifestyle. Founded in London in 1996, the magazine is currently owned by Future plc following its acquisition of TI Media.
The Crown of the Kings
The Crown of the Kings (Polish: Korona królów) is a Polish historical soap opera. Aired from January 1, 2018, on TVP1. The show is a biographical story about the reign of: King Casimir III the Great (seasons 1–2), Queen Jadwiga and King Władysław II Jagiełło as co-rulers (season 3), and then Jagiełło as the sole ruler (seasons 4–5) of the Kingdom of Poland. The series tells the story of the monarchy in Poland in the 14th and 15th century.

Elizabeth Granowska
Elizabeth of Pilica (Polish: Elżbieta z Pilczy), often referred to by her tertio voto name Elizabeth Granowska (Polish: Elżbieta Granowska; 1370/1380 – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and King of Poland (1386–1434).
Minister of State for Brexit Opportunities and Government Efficiency
The minister of state for Brexit opportunities and government efficiency was a ministerial office from February 2020 to September 2022 in the Cabinet Office in the Government of the United Kingdom.

This position was created (as "Minister for Efficiency and Transformation") by Prime Minister Boris Johnson in February 2020 as a renaming of Minister of State for the Treasury with new responsibilities. It was a joint office with HM Treasury and the Cabinet Office from 2020 to 2022. After Jacob Rees-Mogg was appointed in February 2022, the role was made a full member of the Cabinet; he was based solely at the Cabinet Office. Following Rees-Mogg's departure on 6 September 2022, to become Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy under Liz Truss, no replacement was appointed and the office was abolished.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Geopyxis korfii
Geopyxis korfii is a species of cup fungus in the family Pyronemataceae. Found in Qinghai, China, it was described as new to science in 2006 by Wen-Ying Zhang. It is the only species of Geopyxis with ornamented ascospores.

Pyronemataceae
The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family,  and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.
Frederick Hauck
Frederick Hamilton "Rick" Hauck (pronounced "Howk"; April 11, 1941 – November 6, 2025) was a captain in the United States Navy, fighter pilot and NASA astronaut. He piloted Space Shuttle mission STS-7 and commanded STS-51-A and STS-26.

American Astronautical Society
Formed in 1954, the American Astronautical Society (AAS) is an independent scientific and technical group in the United States dedicated to the advancement of space science and space exploration. AAS supports NASA's Vision for Space Exploration and is a member of the Coalition for Space Exploration and the Space Exploration Alliance. The AAS also focuses on strengthening the global space program through cooperation with international space organizations. The society has a long history of supporting space exploration through scholarships.