hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Artillery Museum
The Royal Artillery Museum, which was one of the world's oldest military museums, was first opened to the public in Woolwich in southeast London on 4 May 1820. It told the story of the development of artillery through the ages by way of a collection of artillery pieces from across the centuries.

The museum had its roots in an earlier institution, the Royal Military Repository (established in Woolwich in the 1770s as a training collection for cadets of the Royal Military Academy); items which were once displayed in the Repository form the nucleus of the Royal Artillery Museum collection.

Following the closure in 2016 of the museum, branded since 2001 as 'Firepower – The Royal Artillery Museum', its collection has been placed in storage pending the establishment of a new Royal Artillery Museum. The Royal Artillery Museum collections are designated as being of national and international significance by Arts Council England.

Repository Woods
Repository Woods is a 7 acres (2.8 ha) deciduous woodland area to the west of the British Army's Woolwich Garrison in the Royal Borough of Greenwich in southeast London. Created in the early 19th century as a purpose-built training landscape for the Royal Military Repository, it combined practical artillery training grounds with pleasure gardens open to the public. The site is designated at Grade II as the UK's earliest known purpose-built military training landscape. Its features include training and practice earthworks (now a scheduled monument), a stream and man-made lake system, and terraces. A Rotunda, designed by John Nash in 1814, stands at the eastern boundary.

The site has been on Historic England's Heritage at Risk register since 2023 due to lapsed management and loss of key features to woodland succession.
Academic Competitiveness Grant
The Academic Competitiveness Grant, more commonly known by its acronym ACG, was a federal assistance grant reserved for college students with the greatest need for financial aid to attend school. To be eligible for this grant, students must have met all of the following criteria:

They must be a United States citizen or eligible non-citizen;

They must be Federal Pell Grant eligible;

They must be enrolled at least half-time in a degree program;

They must be in their first or second year of study at a two-year or four-year degree-granting institution;

First-year students must not have been previously enrolled in an undergraduate program;

Second-year students must have at least a cumulative 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale for their first year.

The ACG provided up to $750 for the first year and $1300 for the second year of study.

The ACG is no longer available as of the 2011-2012 financial aid award year due to government cuts.

Student financial aid in the United States
Student financial aid in the United States is funding that is available exclusively to students attending a post-secondary educational institution in the United States. This funding is used to assist in covering the many costs incurred in pursuing post-secondary education. Financial aid is available from federal and state governments, educational institutions, and private organizations. It can be awarded through grants, loans, work-study, and scholarships. To apply for federal financial aid, students must first complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

The financial aid process has been criticized for its part in enrollment management, whereby students are awarded money not based on merit or need, but on the maximum the student families will pay.
History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate
The history of the Calvinist–Arminian debate begins in the early 17th century in the Netherlands with a Christian theological dispute between the followers of John Calvin and Jacobus Arminius and continues today among some Protestants, particularly evangelicals. The debate centers around soteriology (the study of salvation) and includes disputes about total depravity, predestination, and atonement. While the debate was given its Calvinist–Arminian form in the 17th century, issues central to the debate have been discussed in Christianity in some form since Augustine of Hippo's disputes with the Pelagians in the 5th century.

Augustus Toplady
Augustus Montague Toplady /ˈtɒpləˌdiː/ (4 November 1740 – 11 August 1778) was an English Anglican cleric and hymn writer. He was a major Calvinist opponent of John Wesley.  He is best remembered as the author of the hymn "Rock of Ages".  Three of his other hymns – "A Debtor to Mercy Alone", "Deathless Principle, Arise" and "Object of My First Desire" – are still occasionally sung today.
1981–82 Biathlon World Cup
The 1981–82 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 14 January 1982 in Egg am Etzel, Switzerland, and ended on 7 March 1982 in Lahti, Finland. It was the fifth season of the Biathlon World Cup, and it was only held for men.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
Manavand, Zirkuh
Manavand (Persian: مناوند, also Romanized as Manāvand and Menāvand; also known as Manāwād and Mīnābād) is a village in Zirkuh Rural District, Central District, Zirkuh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 24 families.  It is an isolated village in the desert, north of Gomenj and west of Dezg-e Bala, but has a small green area under cultivation to provide for the villagers.

Gomenj
Gomenj (Persian: گمنج, also Romanized as Kowmenj and Gowmenj; also known as Gomīn, Gūmeh, and Gūmī) is a village in Zirkuh Rural District, Central District, Zirkuh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 30 families.
Hashmonaim
Hashmonaim (Hebrew: חַשְׁמוֹנָאִים, lit. Hasmoneans) is an Israeli settlement located in the western section of the West Bank, off Route 443. Hashmonaim is located two kilometers east of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv and is part of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 3,122.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Bnei Akiva
Bnei Akiva (Hebrew: בְּנֵי עֲקִיבָא, /bneɪ əkivə/, "Children of Akiva") is the largest religious Zionist youth movement in the world, with over 125,000 members in 42 countries. It was first established in Mandatory Palestine in 1929, advocating the values of Torah and labor.

Bnei Akiva in Israel is the central youth movement of the religious Zionist public in Israel and the third-largest youth movement in Israel. The movement's Secretary-General in Israel is Yigal Klein.
Valley of the Kings (EP)
Valley of the Kings is an EP released in 1997 by the German power metal band Gamma Ray prior to the release of their album Somewhere Out in Space. This was the first release from Gamma Ray featuring Henjo Richter on guitar and Dan Zimmermann on drums.

Kai Hansen
Kai Michael Hansen (born 17 January 1963) is a German musician who is the founder, lead guitarist and vocalist of power metal band Gamma Ray. He is also one of the co-founders of another power metal band Helloween, which he was a part of from 1983 to 1989 and rejoined in 2016. He is a prominent figure in power metal and has sold millions of albums worldwide. In 2011, he joined the band Unisonic featuring Helloween vocalist Michael Kiske. Hansen and Kiske reunited with Helloween in 2017 for a world tour with all current members, celebrating the 30-year anniversary of release of the albums Keeper of the Seven Keys Parts I and II.
Splenectomy
A splenectomy is the surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen. The spleen is an important organ in regard to immunological function due to its ability to efficiently destroy encapsulated bacteria. Therefore, removal of the spleen runs the risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, a medical emergency and rapidly fatal disease caused by the inability of the body's immune system to properly fight infection following splenectomy or asplenia.

Common indications for splenectomy include trauma, tumors, splenomegaly or for hematological disease such as sickle cell anemia or thalassemia.

Splenic artery
In human anatomy, the splenic artery or lienal artery, an older term, is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas. It is known for its tortuous path to the spleen.
Rapalink-1
Rapalink-1 is a drug which acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). It is a dimeric molecule consisting of rapamycin joined to a desalkyl derivative of sapanisertib by a linker group. Since both of these products inhibit mTOR but through action at distinct binding sites on the mTOR complex, it exhibits a dual mTOR inhibitory activity and has been suggested for applications as an anti-aging drug or for treatment of some forms of cancer.

Rapalink-1 is synthesized using click chemistry, specifically through a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to join rapamycin and sapanisertib, an mTOR active-site inhibitor via a polyethylene glycol linker.

Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use.
1984 US Open – Women's singles
Defending champion Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert in a rematch of the previous year's final, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1984 US Open. It was her second US Open singles title and eleventh major singles title overall. The victory marked Navratilova's sixth consecutive major singles title, tying Margaret Court and Maureen Connolly's all-time record. She became the first player to win the Surface Slam (winning majors on clay, grass, and hardcourt in the same year), having won the French Open and Wimbledon Championships. The final is considered one of the best matches in US Open history.

This marked the first major appearance of future champion Gabriela Sabatini; she was defeated in the third round by Helena Suková. Additionally, this was the US Open main drawn debut of future five-time champion Steffi Graf.

1984 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Two-time defending champion Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert Lloyd in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1984 Wimbledon Championships. It was her fifth Wimbledon singles title and tenth major singles title overall. For the second consecutive year, Navratilova did not lose a set during the tournament.

This marked the first Wimbledon appearance of future seven-time champion and world No. 1 Steffi Graf; she was defeated in the fourth round by Jo Durie.
Saah Nimley
Saah Nimley (born June 3, 1993) is a Liberian college basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the men's basketball team at Charleston Southern University, his alma mater. As a senior at Charleston Southern in 2014–15, Nimley averaged 21.5 points and 4.1 assists per game, ranking first and third in the Big South, respectively. The guard was named the Big South Player of the Year that year.

Nimley retired in 2019 and started his coaching career, becoming an assistant coach at Charleston Southern under his former head coach, Barclay Radebaugh. In November 2023, following the resignation of Radebaugh, Nimley was named interim head coach of the team. On March 4, 2024, the university removed the interim tag from Nimley.

Barclay Radebaugh
Barclay Radebaugh (born September 14, 1965) is an American college basketball coach. He is the former head coach of the men's basketball team at Charleston Southern University.

Radebaugh is a two-time Big South Conference Coach of the Year (2012, 2015). In 2015, he  led Charleston Southern to the regular season Big South Conference title and the most regular season wins in program history (19).
Kosh, Armenia
Kosh (Armenian: Կոշ) is a village in the Ashtarak Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia, 18 km south-west of the district centre Ashtarak.  The town is attested as Kvash in early Christian times. In the town are ruins of a 13th-century church - Saint Grigor - and a castle which has yielded Hellenistic pottery remains.  There are numerous remains from early Iron Age residential ruins and buildings of large basalt stone blocks.

Ashtarak
Ashtarak (Armenian: Աշտարակ [ɑʃtɑˈɾɑk]) is a town in the Ashtarak Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia, located on the left bank of Kasagh River along the gorge, 20 kms northwest of the capital Yerevan. It is the administrative centre of the province and an important crossroad of routes for the Yerevan–Gyumri–Vanadzor triangle.

The town plays a great role in the national economy as well as the cultural life of Armenia through several industrial enterprises and cultural institutions. It has developed as a satellite town of Yerevan. The nearby village of Mughni is part of the Ashtarak municipality.

As of the 2011 census, the population of the town was 18,834. However, as per the 2016 official estimate, the population of Ashtarak is 18,000. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town was 15,686.

The prelacy of the Diocese of Aragatsotn of the Armenian Apostolic Church is headquartered in Ashtarak.
Staritsky Peninsula
The Staritsky Peninsula projects into the Taui Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk in Magadan Oblast, Russian Far East immediately south of Magadan, which occupies the isthmus of the peninsula.
It is separated from the mainland by the smaller Nagayev Bay on the west and Gertner Bay on the east.

Before 1875 the isthmus was known as the Miyekan Peninsula after the local even's name Miyekan for the Nagayev bay. In 1875  the hydrographer Mikhail Onatsevich mapped the local shores and  named the peninsula after the Russian captain and hydrologist Konstantin Staritsky.

Its highest point is Marchekanskaya Sopka, 59°30′34″N 150°49′27″E﻿ / ﻿59.50944°N 150.82417°E﻿ / 59.50944; 150.82417﻿ (Marchekanskaya Sopka), elevation 694m, prominence 625m.

Magadan Oblast
Magadan Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Far East region of the country, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Magadan Oblast has a population of 136,085 (2021 Census), making it the least populated oblast and the third-least populated federal subject in Russia.

Magadan is the largest city and the capital of Magadan Oblast with the majority of the oblast's inhabitants living in the city itself. The coastline has a less severe climate than the interiors, although both are relatively cold for their latitudes.

It borders Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the north, Kamchatka Krai in the east, Khabarovsk Krai in the south and the Sakha Republic in the west. The economy is primarily based on mining, particularly gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals.
ISO 3166-2:JE
ISO 3166-2:JE is the entry for Jersey in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently, no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Jersey.

Jersey, a crown dependency of the United Kingdom, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code JE since 2006. Previously it was assigned the ISO 3166-2 code GB-JSY under the entry for the United Kingdom.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
C. A. Rosetti
Constantin Alexandru Rosetti (Romanian pronunciation: [konstanˈtin alekˈsandru roˈseti]; 2 June 1816 – 8 April 1885) was a Romanian literary and political leader, born in Bucharest into the princely Rosetti family.

Alphonse de Lamartine
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (French: [alfɔ̃s maʁi lwi də pʁa d(ə) lamaʁtin]; 21 October 1790 – 28 February 1869) was a French author, poet, and statesman. Initially a moderate royalist, he became one of the leading critics of the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe, aligning more with the Republican Left and Social Catholicism.

Lamartine was a leading figure in the 1848 French Revolution and was instrumental in the foundation of the Second Republic along with the preservation of the tricolor as the flag of France. During the revolutionary year of 1848 he served as Foreign Minister and frequently worked to ease tensions between the government and the working class. He was a candidate in the 1848 French presidential election but lost to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. After the election, he retired from political life.
Kolokoba
Kolokoba is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 249 square kilometers and includes 10 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 3,242. The main village of Kolokoba, the chef-lieu of the commune, is 38 km west-southwest of Sikasso.

Sikasso
Sikasso (Bambara: ߛߌߞߊߛߏ tr. Sikaso) is a city in the south of Mali and the capital of the Sikasso Cercle and the Sikasso Region.  It is Mali's second largest city with 225,753 residents in the 2009 census. The city is a large centre and trading port, and was the capital of the Kénédougou Kingdom between 1877 and 1898.
Buichi Saitō
Buichi Saitō (斎藤武市, Saitō Buichi; 27 January 1925 – January 2011) was a Japanese film director from Saitama Prefecture. His representative works included Wataridori series starring Akira Kobayashi, Farewell to Southern Tosa(1959) and Gazing at Love and Death(1964). Saitō often worked with Akira Kobayashi, Joe Shishido and Sayuri Yoshinaga.

After graduating Waseda University, he joined Shochiku Film and started working as an assistant director under Yasujirō Ozu and Kōzaburō Yoshimura etc. In 1954, he transferred to Nikkatsu Film and made his director debut in the 1956 film Anesan no Oyomeiri.

Yasujirō Ozu
Yasujirō Ozu (小津 安二郎, Ozu Yasujirō; 12 December 1903 – 12 December 1963) was a Japanese filmmaker. He began his career during the era of silent films, and his last films were made in colour in the early 1960s. Ozu first made a number of short comedies, before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s.
The most prominent themes of Ozu's work are family and marriage, and especially the relationships between generations. His most widely beloved films include Late Spring (1949), Tokyo Story (1953) and An Autumn Afternoon (1962).

Widely regarded as one of the world's greatest and most influential filmmakers, Ozu's work has continued to receive acclaim since his death. In the 2012 Sight & Sound poll, Ozu's Tokyo Story was voted the third-greatest film of all time by critics world-wide. In the same poll, Tokyo Story was voted the greatest film of all time by  358 directors and film-makers world-wide.
Lamar Lundy
Lamar J. Lundy Jr. (April 17, 1935 – February 24, 2007) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end for 13 seasons with the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 to 1969. He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers and was selected by the Rams in the fourth round of the 1957 NFL draft.

Along with Deacon Jones, Merlin Olsen, and Rosey Grier, Lundy was a member of the Fearsome Foursome, often considered one of the best defensive lines in NFL history. All four also did some acting; Lundy portrayed the boulder-hurling cyclops in the unaired pilot of Lost in Space (this pilot was later made into episode 4 of the series, entitled "There Were Giants in the Earth").

All-Pro
All-Pro is an honor bestowed upon professional American football players that designates the best player at each position during a given season. All-Pro players are typically selected by press organizations, who select an "All-Pro team," a list that consists of at least 22 players, one for each offensive and defensive position, plus various special teams players depending on the press organization that compiles the list. All-Pro lists are exclusively limited to the major leagues, usually only the National Football League; in the past, other leagues recognized as major, such as the American Football League of the 1960s or the All-America Football Conference of the 1940s, have been included in All-Pro lists.
2011 Men's Junior World Handball Championship
The 2011 Men's Junior World Handball Championship was the 18th edition of the tournament and was held at Thessaloniki, Greece from July 17–31, 2011.

In a rematch of the 2009 final Germany defeated Denmark 27–18 in the final.

IHF Men's U21 Handball World Championship
The IHF Men's U21 Handball World Championship (or the IHF Men's Junior World Championship) is the official competition for men's national handball teams of under-21 years category. It is being organized by the International Handball Federation since 1977. It takes place every two years in odd years.
Kaalilaatikko
Cabbage casserole (Finnish: kaalilaatikko) is a traditional Finnish oven-baked casserole dish, typically made of cabbage, ground meat, rice or pearl barley, and additional flavourings—such as onion and  marjoram—and a small amount of syrup or molasses. Kaalilaatikko is usually served with lingonberry or cowberry jam.

Ground meat
Ground meat, called mince or minced meat outside North America, is meat finely chopped by a meat grinder or a chopping knife. A common type of ground meat is ground beef, but many other types of meats are prepared in a similar fashion, including pork, veal, lamb, goat meat, and poultry.
Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad
The Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad is a defunct railroad that operated in eastern Pennsylvania during the 19th and 20th centuries. The company was a subsidiary of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company (LC&N). For much of its lifetime, however, it was leased by the Central Railroad of New Jersey.

The company was founded in 1837 for the objective of transporting predominantly anthracite coal from the North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal to the Lehigh Canal on the Lehigh River. The rail line was later extended to the confluence of the Lehigh and Delaware rivers in Easton, Pennsylvania.

In 1976, the company was sold to Conrail.

United States Railway Association
The United States Railway Association (USRA) was a government-owned corporation created by United States federal law that oversaw the creation of Conrail, a railroad corporation that would acquire and operate bankrupt and other failing freight railroads. USRA operated from 1974 to 1986.