hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faheem Hussain
Faheem Hussain (31 July 1942 – 29 September 2009), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a professor of physics at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). A research scientist in the field of superstring theory at the National Center for Physics, Hussain made contributions to the fields of superstring and string theory. He was the first Pakistani physicist to publish a research paper in the field of superstring theory. A social activist and democratic activist, he authored various scientific research papers in peer-reviewed journals.

International Centre for Theoretical Physics
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a research center for physical and mathematical sciences, located in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy.

The center operates under a tripartite agreement between the Italian Government, UNESCO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is located near the Miramare Park, about 10 kilometres from the downtown of Trieste, Italy. The centre was founded in 1964 by Pakistani Nobel Laureate Mohammad Abdus Salam.

ICTP is part of the Trieste System, a network of national and international scientific institutes in Trieste, promoted by the Italian physicist Paolo Budinich.
Gypsy Beats and Balkan Bangers
Gypsy Beats and Balkan Bangers and its follow up Gypsy Beats and Balkan Bangers Too are two compilations of Eastern European-inspired music tracks, compiled by DJs Russ Jones and Felix Buxton (of Basement Jaxx). The album was released on Basement Jaxx's record label Atlantic Jaxx in 2006 (volume one) and 2007 (volume two).

Basement Jaxx
Basement Jaxx are an English electronic music duo consisting of Felix Buxton (born 8 May 1970) and Simon Ratcliffe (born 28 November 1969). The pair got their name from the regular club night they held in Brixton, London, UK. They first rose to popularity in the underground house scene of the mid-1990s, but would go on to find international chart success and win Best Dance Act at both the 2002 and 2004 BRIT Awards. Some of their most successful singles are "Red Alert", "Rendez-Vu", "Romeo", "Where's Your Head At", "Do Your Thing", and "Good Luck".
Cristina Librán
Cristina Librán Quiroga (born 11 January 2006) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swiss Women's Super League (SWSL) club Servette, on loan from Serie A Femminile club Juventus, and the Spain under-19 national team.

2025 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The 2025 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship was the 22nd edition of the UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, the annual international youth football championship organised by UEFA for the women's under-19 national teams of Europe. It was held in Poland, after the original host Belarus was stripped from hosting rights due to the country's involvement of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Similar to the previous editions held in odd-numbered years, the tournament acted as the UEFA qualifiers for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. The top five teams of the tournament would qualify for the 2026 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Poland as the UEFA representatives besides Poland who automatically qualified as hosts. If Poland finished in the top four, the team that ranked fifth and sixth in the final stage would also qualify.

A total of eight teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2006 eligible to participate.
History of St. Louis (1763–1803)
The history of St. Louis, Missouri from 1763 to 1803 was marked by the transfer of French Louisiana to Spanish control, the founding of the city of St. Louis, its slow growth and role in the American Revolution under the rule of the Spanish, the transfer of the area to American control in the Louisiana Purchase, and its steady growth and prominence since then.

Carondelet, St. Louis
Carondelet /kəˈrɒndəlɛt/ is a neighborhood in the extreme southeastern part of St. Louis, Missouri. It was incorporated as an independent city in 1851 and was annexed by the City of St. Louis in 1870. The neighborhood had a population of 7,734 people as of the 2020 Census.
Listrognathosuchus
Listrognathosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodilian. Fossils date back to the middle Paleocene epoch. In 1997, the generic name replaced that of Leidyosuchus for the species L. multidentatus (now the type species of Listrognathosuchus). "L." multidentalis was first described by Charles Mook in 1930 on the basis of the holotype AMNH 5179, consisting of a partial vertebral column, mandible, partial left ilium, and left tibia, found from a locality in Torrejon Arroyo, New Mexico (then referred to as the Torrejon beds, and now thought to be part of the Nacimiento Formation).

Alligatoroidea
Alligatoroidea is one of three superfamilies of crocodylians, the other two being Crocodyloidea and Gavialoidea.  Alligatoroidea evolved in the Late Cretaceous period, and consists of the alligators and caimans, as well as extinct members more closely related to the alligators than the two other groups.
Bringing Up Father (radio)
Bringing Up Father is an American radio situation comedy show based on the comic strip Bringing Up Father by George McManus. It aired from July 1 to September 30, 1941, each Tuesday at 9 p.m. on NBC Radio. Each episode was a half-hour long. The sponsor was Lever Brothers.

George McManus
George McManus (January 23, 1884 – October 22, 1954) was an American cartoonist best known as the creator of Irish immigrant Jiggs and his wife Maggie, the main characters of his syndicated comic strip, Bringing Up Father.
Frank Stäbler
Frank Stäbler (also spelled Staebler; born 27 June 1989) is a German Greco-Roman wrestler. He won the 2012 European Championship and 2015 World Championship in the welterweight category. Stäbler trains at TSV Musberg in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany, coached by Janis Zamanduridis from the national wrestling team.

United World Wrestling
United World Wrestling, abbreviated as UWW, is the international governing body for the sport of Wrestling; its duties include overseeing wrestling at the World Championships and Olympics. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Greco-Roman, freestyle, grappling, and others. The flagship event of UWW is the World Wrestling Championships.
Microchirus azevia
Microchirus azevia, commonly known as the bastard sole, is a species of flatfish in the family Soleidae. It is found on the continental slope of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at depths down to about 250 m (800 ft).

Soleidae
The true soles are a family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, West and Central Pacific Ocean, and the Mediterranean sea. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. Many soles are important food species: the common sole, Solea solea, is popular in northern Europe and the Mediterranean.
Shahrokh Sultan Zanganeh
Shahrokh Sultan Zanganeh (Persian: شاهرخ سلطان زنگنه, died 1639), was a Kurdish aristocrat who belonged to the Zanganeh tribe, a Sunni Kurdish tribe native to the Kermanshah Province. Not much is known about Shahrokh Sultan. In 1639, he became the chieftain of the Zanganeh tribe, but died during the same year. He was succeeded by his brother Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh.

Zangana (tribe)
Zangana (Kurdish: Zengene/زەنگەنە) is a Kurdish tribe in Kermanshah province and some parts of Iraqi Kurdistan.
They speak a distinct dialect. However, in recent years they have linguistically assimilated into the language practice of Sorani speakers in the area in which they live.
Rizah Mešković
Rizah Mešković (born 10 August 1947) is a Bosnian former professional football player and manager who played as a goalkeeper. At international level, he played for the Yugoslavia national team once, in 1972, and was part of the squad at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany.

Throughout his football career, both as a player and coach, Mešković had many success and received a number of awards from UEFA, FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia (FJS).

1975–76 Yugoslav Cup
The 1975–76 Yugoslav Cup was the 28th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the "Marshal Tito Cup" (Kup Maršala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.
Imperial College Union
Imperial College Union is the students' union of Imperial College London. It is host to varied societies and has student bars situated around Albertopolis. The Union is based in the north wing of the Beit Quadrangle on Prince Consort Road.

Real ale
Real ale is the name coined by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) for ale that is "brewed from traditional ingredients, matured by secondary fermentation in the container from which it is dispensed, and served without the use of extraneous carbon dioxide".
21st United States Congress
The 21st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
Lipovka, Leningrad Oblast
Lipovka (Russian: Липовка, Finnish: Hannila) is a rural locality and a railway station in Kamennogorsk, Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located by the Vyborg-Joensuu railroad 30 kilometres north of Vyborg. The railway station was opened in 1892 for transporting timber. It is still known with the old Finnish name Hannila (Ха́ннила).

Hannila was one of the sites of the 1918 Finnish Civil War Battle of Antrea.

Kamennogorsk
Kamennogorsk (Russian: Каменногорск; known before 1948 by the Finnish name of Antrea (Russian: Антреа; Swedish: Sankt Andree)), is a town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the left bank of the Vuoksi River (Lake Ladoga's basin) 170 kilometers (110 mi) northwest of St. Petersburg. Population:  6,739 (2010 census); 6,084 (2002 census); 5,694 (1989 Soviet census).
Hans Hartvig-Møller
Hans Hartvig Møller (sometimes also written as Hans Hartvig-Møller) (Nordborg, Als 1873-1953) was the Rector (1909-1943) of Gammel Hellerup Gymnasium (GHG) founded in 1894 and originally a private school exclusively for boys, the founder of student council in Denmark, and one of the founders of Danish Scouting.

The Elevråd student council was first established in Denmark in 1909 at Hellerup Gymnasium at the behest of newly appointed headmaster Hartvig Møller.

The first Danish scout organisation Det Danske Spejderkorps was founded December 16, 1910 by Hans Hartvig Møller, Cay Lembcke, Oscar Hansen, P. Nørgaard and E. Bøcher, and the first Scout patrol for boys was organized by Hartvig Møller November 20, 1909 at Gammel Hellerup Gymnasium.

In 1922 his daughter Kirsten was the first female student of Gammel Hellerup Gymnasium.

One road, Hartvig-Møllers Vej situated near Gunderød in Fredensborg Municipality, is named in honour of Hans Hartvig Møller.

Scouting and Guiding in Denmark
The Scout and Guide movement in Denmark consists of about ten different associations. Most of them are members of two large federations, but there are also some independent organizations. Affiliated to Danish Scouting and Guiding are the organizations in Greenland, on the Faroe Islands and in Southern Schleswig.

Scouting in Denmark started in 1909. Danish Scouts were among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), Danish Guides among the founding members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).

Girl Guiding in Denmark consists of girls only, while some WAGGGS countries allow boys to be included. De grønne pigespejdere is the only association for girls only - all the other organisations are mixed boys and girls. 'Boy Scout' and 'Girl Guide' are both translated to the Danish 'Spejder'. As of 2003 there were 22090 girls involved in Denmark in Girl Guides.
The Cook (Arcimboldo)
The Cook is a c. 1570 oil-on-panel painting by the Italian painter  Giuseppe Arcimboldo, now in the Nationalmuseum, in Stockholm. It is a still life of roasted meats that, when the painting is turned upside-down, form a human face via pareidolia. The painter also produced The Fruit Basket and The Gardener, using a similar effect.

The attribution to Arcimboldo is disputed.

Pareidolia
Pareidolia (/ˌpærɪˈdoʊliə, ˌpɛər-/; also US: /ˌpɛəraɪ-/) is the tendency for perception to impose a meaningful interpretation on a nebulous stimulus, usually visual, so that one detects an object, pattern, or meaning where there is none. Pareidolia is a specific but common type of apophenia (the tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things or ideas).

Common examples include perceived images of animals, faces, or objects in cloud formations; seeing faces in inanimate objects; or lunar pareidolia like the Man in the Moon or the Moon rabbit. The concept of pareidolia may extend to include hidden messages in recorded music played in reverse or at higher- or lower-than-normal speeds, and hearing voices (mainly indistinct) or music in random noise, such as that produced by air conditioners or by fans. Face pareidolia has also been demonstrated in rhesus macaques.
Battle of Pułtusk (1806)
The Battle of Pułtusk took place on 26 December 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition near Pułtusk, Poland. Despite their strong numerical superiority and artillery, the Russians under the lead of General of Cavalry Levin von Benningsen underwent heavy French attacks by Marshal Jean Lannes, before retiring the next day having suffered great losses like the French, disorganizing their army for the rest of the year.

Marcellin Marbot
Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot (/mɑːrˈboʊ/ mar-BOH, French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ɑ̃twan maʁsəlɛ̃ maʁbo]; 18 August 1782 – 16 November 1854), known as Marcellin Marbot, was a French general, famous for his memoirs depicting the Napoleonic age of warfare. He belongs to a family that has distinguished itself particularly in the career of arms, giving three generals to France in less than 50 years. His elder brother, Adolphe Marbot, was also a general.
Mōtsū-ji
Mōtsū-ji (毛越寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Tendai sect in the town of Hiraizumi in southern Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and also refers to the historic area surrounding it containing the ruins of two older temples, Enryū-ji (圓隆寺) and Kashō-ji (嘉祥寺) in a Jōdo (Pure Land) garden. The current temple was built in the 18th century and bears no relation to the ancient temple structures that once stood here. In June 2011, Mōtsū-ji was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as "Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi".

Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi
Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land is a grouping of five sites from late eleventh- and twelfth-century Hiraizumi, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The serial nomination was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011, under criteria ii and vi.
Bard Espid Murderaz
Bard Espid Murderaz (Persian: برداسپيدموردراز, also Romanized as Bard Espīd Mūrderāz) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 23 families.

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Dishmuk.
Galway Film Fleadh
The Galway Film Fleadh (pronounced [fʲlʲaː]; Irish for "festival") is an international film festival founded in 1989 as part of the Galway Arts Festival. Describing itself as Ireland’s leading film festival, the event is held every July in Galway, Ireland.

In 2022, a MovieMaker magazine panel of U.S. filmmakers, critics and industry executives included the festival on its list of the "50 Film Festivals Worth the Entry Fee".

Galway International Arts Festival
The Galway International Arts Festival (GIAF), founded in 1978, is a cultural organisation that produces an annual arts festival in Galway, Ireland. It also produces new work that tours nationally and internationally, in addition to presenting the discussion forum, "First Thought Talks". The festival maintains a non-profit status.
Stoneywell
Stoneywell is a National Trust property in Ulverscroft, a dispersed settlement near Coalville in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Stoneywell is the largest of a small group of cottages designed in the Arts and Crafts style by Ernest Gimson. It was built in collaboration with Detmar Blow in 1899 for Ernest's brother Sydney Gimson as a summer residence, and along with much original furniture, it remained in the Gimson family for over a century. As part of a highly influential vernacular movement, it has become well known within Arts and Crafts circles. In spring 2013 the National Trust announced that following a year-long appeal, it had been able to acquire the house with its Arts and Crafts contents, gardens and woodland. It was opened to the public in February 2015.

Gimson and Company
Gimson and Company were founded in 1840 by Benjamin and Josiah Gimson on Welford Road in Leicester. The company were listed as Engineers, Ironfounders, Boiler Makers & General Machinists. They later moved to Vulcan Works, Vulcan Road, Humberstone Road, Leicester.
Malayala Manorama
Malayala Manorama is a morning newspaper in Malayalam published from Kottayam, Kerala, India by the Malayala Manorama Company Limited. Currently headed by Mammen Mathew, it was first published as a weekly on 14 March 1888, and currently has a readership of over 8 million (with a circulation base of over 1.9 million copies). It is also the second-oldest Malayalam newspaper in Kerala in circulation, after Deepika, which is also published from Kottayam. Manorama also publishes an online edition.

According to World Association of Newspapers, as of 2016, it was the fourteenth most circulated newspaper in the world. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations 2022 figures, it is the 2nd largest circulating newspaper in India (behind Dainik Jagran) and the largest circulating newspaper in Kerala.

Deepika (newspaper)
Deepika (transl. Lantern; known as Nasrani Deepika till 1939) is an Indian Malayalam-language newspaper, which is one of the oldest newspapers published in India.  It is a mouthpiece of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church in the region. Started in 1887, it is the oldest Malayalam newspaper now in circulation. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode.
Hopewell Friends Meeting House (Frederick County, Virginia)
Hopewell Friends Meeting House is an 18th-century Quaker meeting house located the northern Frederick County, Virginia one mile west of the community of Clear Brook at 604 Hopewell Road (formerly State Route 672). Clear Brook, VA 22624.  This community was the home of Thomas William "Tom" Fox (1951–2006), a Quaker peace activist, affiliated with Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) murdered in 2006 in Iraq.

Tom Fox (Quaker)
Thomas William Fox (July 7, 1951 – March 9, 2006) was an American Quaker peace activist, affiliated with Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) in Iraq. He was kidnapped by Islamists on November 26, 2005, in Baghdad along with three other CPT activists, leading to the 2005–2006 Christian Peacemaker hostage crisis. His body was found on March 9, 2006.
1996 PBA All-Star Weekend
The 1996 PBA All-Star Weekend is the annual all-star weekend of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The All-Star Fans Day was held on July 26 at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City while the All-Star Game was held on July 28 at the Cuneta Astrodome in Pasay.

PBA All-Star Weekend
The Philippine Basketball Association All-Star Weekend is a series of events hosted by the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Held in the middle of the PBA season, usually before or during the second conference, it consists of a variety of basketball events, exhibitions, and performances culminating in the All-Star Game held on Sunday night. No regular games are held during this period, which is also known as the All-Star break. Since 2017, the All-Star festivities were extended for a week, instead of starting it on a Friday.
Orthogonal diagonalization
In linear algebra, an orthogonal diagonalization of a normal matrix (e.g. a symmetric matrix) is a diagonalization by means of an orthogonal change of coordinates.

The following is an orthogonal diagonalization algorithm that diagonalizes a quadratic form q(x) on Rn by means of an orthogonal change of coordinates X = PY.

Step 1: Find the symmetric matrix A that represents q and find its characteristic polynomial Δ(t).

Step 2: Find the eigenvalues of A, which are the roots of Δ(t).

Step 3: For each eigenvalue λ of A from step 2, find an orthogonal basis of its eigenspace.

Step 4: Normalize all eigenvectors in step 3, which then form an orthonormal basis of Rn.

Step 5: Let P be the matrix whose columns are the normalized eigenvectors in step 4.

Then X = PY is the required orthogonal change of coordinates, and the diagonal entries of PTA‍P will be the eigenvalues λ1, ..., λn that correspond to the columns of P.

Such decomposition exists by the spectral theorem.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.