hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), one of 16 PAHs generally measured in studies of environmental exposure and air pollution. Many compounds of this class are formed when burning coal, oil, gas, wood, household waste and tobacco, and can bind to or form small particles in the air. The compounds are known to have toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. Over 100 different PAHs have been identified in environmental samples, including indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP).  In 1962, the National Cancer Institute reported that indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene has a slight tumor activity. This was confirmed in 1973 by the IARC in mice testing.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.
Queen of the New Year
"Queen of the New Year" is the fifth and final single from the album When the World Knows Your Name by the Scottish pop rock band Deacon Blue.

It reached No. 21 in the UK Singles Chart, but went as high as No. 4 in the Irish Singles Chart, the group's fifth Irish top 10 hit in a row.

The main B-side is "My America".  Some versions of the single contain the additional B-side, "Las Vegas", along with a longer version of the album track "Sad Loved Girl" and an acoustic demo version of the album track "Circus Lights".

As with the previous single, "Love and Regret", a limited edition four track live EP single was also released, this time in 12" vinyl and CD formats.

Ricky Ross (musician)
Richard Alexander Ross (born 22 December 1957) is a Scottish musician. He is lead singer of pop-rock band Deacon Blue. Alongside his discography with Deacon Blue, Ross has released a number of solo albums: his first, So Long Ago, was released in 1984.
Ulmus 'Homestead'
Ulmus 'Homestead' is an American hybrid elm cultivar raised by Alden Townsend of the United States National Arboretum at the Nursery Crops Laboratory in Delaware, Ohio. The cultivar arose from a 1970 crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila (female parent) with the hybrid N 215 ('Commelin' × (U. pumila 'Pinnato-ramosa' × U. minor 'Hoersholmiensis')), the latter grown from seed sent in 1960 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison elm breeding team by Hans Heybroek of the De Dorschkamp Research Institute in the Netherlands. Tested in the US National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University,  'Homestead' averaged a survival rate of 85% after 10 years in the US National Elm Trial. However,  planting of the tree was discouraged, owing principally to its 'ugly' shape and susceptibility to Southwest injury. 
'Homestead' was released to commerce without patent restrictions in 1984.

Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward in Western Asia to Iran, in Africa to Libya, and in Southeast Asia into Indonesia.

Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping.
Adaljiza Magno
Adaljiza Albertina Xavier Reis Magno (born 7 January 1975) is an East Timorese politician and diplomat, and a member of the Fretilin political party.

From June 2020 to July 2023, she was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.

Previously, she served several terms as Vice Minister in that portfolio, and briefly, in 2007, as acting Minister. She has also been the East Timorese Ambassador to Singapore.

Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Timor-Leste)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Portuguese: Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação, Tetum: Ministru Negósius Estranjeirus no Kooperasaun) is a senior member of the Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.
Gerda III
Gerda III is a lighthouse tender located at Mystic Seaport in Mystic, Connecticut, United States. Gerda III was built in 1928 in Denmark and was used as a common work boat. In 1943 Gerda III was used by 22-year old Henny Sinding Sundo to smuggle Jews from Nazi occupied Denmark to Sweden. Approximately 300-600 Jews were rescued by Gerda III. The Danish Parliament donated Gerda III to The Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City. Mystic Seaport now cares for the vessel and features her as part of their collection of watercraft. The rescue story is the subject of the 1991 film A Day in October and featured in Susan Hood's children's novel, Harboring Hope: The True Story of How Henny Sinding Helped Denmark’s Jews Escape the Nazis (HarperCollins) which won the Josette Frank Award for Fiction from the Children's Book Committee of Bank Street College of Education and was listed as a Best Children's Book of the Year with Outstanding Merit in 2024.

Mystic, Connecticut
Mystic is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Groton and Stonington, Connecticut.

Mystic was a significant Connecticut seaport with more than 600 ships built over 135 years starting in 1784. Mystic Seaport, located in the village, is the largest maritime museum in the United States and has preserved a number of sailing ships, such as the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan. The village is located on the Mystic River which flows into Fishers Island Sound. The Mystic River Bascule Bridge crosses the river in the center of the village.  The name "Mystic" is derived from the Pequot term "missi-tuk" describing a large river whose waters are driven into waves by tides or wind. The population was 4,348 at the 2020 census.
Giovanni Pettinato
Giovanni Pettinato (30 April 1934, in Troina – 19 May 2011, in Rome) was an Assyriologist and paleographer of writings from the ancient Near East, specializing in the Eblaite language, His major contributions to the field include the deciphering of the Eblaite script, discovered by Paolo Matthiae in 1974–75.

Pettinato graduated from Heidelberg in 1968, where he had studied for ten years. In 1968 he began teaching Assyriology at the University of Rome.

Pettinato died on 19 May 2011 at the age of 76. He was an emeritus of several associations, including the Accademia dei Lincei and authored several publications about the Sumerian and Mesopotamian civilizations.

Paolo Matthiae
Paolo Matthiae (born 1940) is an Italian archaeologist.
He is a professor of History of Art of the Ancient Near East in the University of Rome La Sapienza.He has been Director of the Ebla Expedition since 1963—in fact, its discoverer—and has published many articles and books about Ebla  and about the History of Art of Mesopotamia and Syria in general. In 1972 and 1973, Matthiae co-directed the excavation of Tell Fray in the Euphrates Valley that was to be flooded by Lake Assad, the reservoir of the Tabqa Dam which was being constructed at that time. He is a member of institutions as the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Rome), the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres and the Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, and is doctor Honoris Causa of the Autonomous University of Madrid.
Ketchup as a vegetable
The ketchup as a vegetable controversy stemmed from proposed regulations of school lunches by the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) in 1981, early in the presidency of Ronald Reagan. The regulations were intended to provide meal planning flexibility to local school lunch administrators coping with cuts to the National School Lunch Program enacted by the Omnibus Reconciliation Acts of 1980 and 1981. The proposed changes allowed administrators to meet nutritional requirements by crediting food items not explicitly listed. While ketchup was not mentioned in the original regulations, pickle relish was used as an example of an item that could count as a vegetable.

A similar controversy arose in 2011, when Congress passed a bill prohibiting the USDA from increasing the amount of tomato paste required to constitute a vegetable; the bill allowed pizza with two tablespoons (30 mL) of tomato paste to qualify as a vegetable.

Child Nutrition Act
The Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (CNA) is a United States federal law (act) signed on October 11, 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Act was created as a result of the "years of cumulative successful experience under the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to help meet the nutritional needs of children."  The National School Lunch Program feeds 30.5 million children per day (as of 2007). NSLP was operated in over 101,000 public and nonprofit private schools in 2007. The Special Milk Program, functioning since 1954, was extended to June 30, 1970 and incorporated into the act. The act also provided Federal funding assistance towards non-food purchases for school equipment.

The act launched the first pilot of the School Breakfast Program, a federally assisted meal program that provides low-cost or free breakfasts to children in public and non-profit schools as well as child care institutions. The program was made permanent in 1975.
Cujuelle
Cujuelle de Calenzana are biscuits popular in Calenzana, Corsica. In other parts of Corsica, they are known as canistrelli or cocciole, but these are all fundamentally the same product. The biscuits are made with local raw materials, including white wine from the Patrimonio vineyards, sugar, flour and oil. Cujuelle are typically rhomboid (diamond-shaped), and come in several flavor varieties including almond, anise, lemon and chocolate. They are typically consumed by dunking in milk or muscat wine.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Sufi Budhal Faqeer
Sufi Budhal Faqeer (1865–1939) (Sindhi: صوفي ٻُڍل فقير) was a Sufi saint and poet, and disciple of Hizbullah Shah Rashdi. Faqeer's poetry was collected by his disciples and published in a book called Risalo Budhal Faqeer. Much of what is known about his life is through Sufi tradition, and separating it from historical reality is difficult.

Shikarpur, Sindh
Shikarpur (Sindhi: شڪارپور; Śikārpūr) is a city and the capital of Shikarpur District in Sindh province of Pakistan. It is situated about 29 km west of the right bank of the Indus, with a railway station, 37 km north-west of Sukkur. It is the 42nd largest city of Pakistan by population according to the 2017 census.
NELIAC
The Navy Electronics Laboratory International ALGOL Compiler (NELIAC) is a dialect and compiler implementation of the programming language ALGOL 58, developed by the Navy Electronics Laboratory (NEL) in 1958.

It was designed for numeric and logical computations and was the first language to provide a bootstrap implementation.

Software portability
Software portability is a design objective for source code to be easily made to run on different platforms. An aid to portability is the generalized abstraction between the application logic and system interfaces. When software with the same functionality is produced for several computing platforms, portability is the key issue for development cost reduction.
2025–26 Inter Milan Under-23 season
The 2025–26 season is the inaugural season in the existence of Inter Milan Under-23, Inter Milan's reserve team, set to be played in Serie C, the third tier of Italian football. In addition to the domestic league, Inter U23 will participate in this season's edition of the Coppa Italia Serie C.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
Vitamin D toxicity
Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Blood levels necessary to cause adverse effects in adults are thought to be greater than about 150 ng/mL, leading the Endocrine Society to suggest an upper limit for safety of 100 ng/mL.

Calcifediol
Calcifediol, also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (abbreviated 25(OH)D3), is a form of vitamin D produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Calcifediol can be further hydroxylated by the enzyme 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase, primarily in the kidney, to form calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2D3), which is the active hormonal form of vitamin D.

Calcifediol is strongly bound in blood by the vitamin D-binding protein. Measurement of serum calcifediol is the usual test performed to determine a person's vitamin D status, to show vitamin D deficiency or sufficiency. Calcifediol is available as an oral medication in some countries to supplement vitamin D status.
Mary Way
Mary Way (1769 – November 1833) was an American painter, known for her portrait miniatures. She, along with her sister Elizabeth Way Champlain, was among the first women to work as a professional artist in the United States.

Ramsay MacMullen
Ramsay MacMullen (March 3, 1928 – November 28, 2022) was an American historian who was Emeritus Professor of History at Yale University, where he taught from 1967 to his retirement in 1993 as Dunham Professor of History and Classics. His scholarly interests were in the social history of Rome and the replacement of paganism by Christianity.

MacMullen was born in New York City on March 3, 1928. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and summa cum laude from Harvard College.

When MacMullen was honored for a lifetime of scholarly achievement at the 2001 annual meeting of the American Historical Association with the Award for Scholarly Distinction, the award citation called him "the greatest historian of the Roman Empire alive today."

MacMullen died on November 28, 2022, at the age of 94.
Melung Rural Municipality
Melung is a Rural municipality located within the Dolakha District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal. The municipality spans 86.54 square kilometres (33.41 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 20,708 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures. The previous Pawati, Ghang Sukathokar, Bhedapu, Dandakharka, and Melung VDCs were merged to form Melung Rural Municipality. Melung is divided into 7 wards, with Bhedapu declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Pawati, Nepal
Pawati is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 4,946 people living in 857 individual households.
Alessandro Avellis
Alessandro Avellis (born 30 September 1975) is an Italian film director.

Alessandro Avellis studied film direction in Rome. Since 2000 he lives in Paris. He directed some short films selected and awarded in several international film festivals, of which Lovstori, selected in 1996 at the Sacher festival of Nanni Moretti, and More of Paul, released on DVD by Antiprod. He wrote and directed in 2005 his first feature film, My Super 8 Season, freely inspired by historical events (DVD Antiprod). Then, he made two documentaries: The Revolution of Desire (DVD Hystérie Prod), about the FHAR, the French feminist and gay liberation movement in the 70s, and The Vatican Rules, about the reactionary influence of the Roman Church. In 2008 he directed "Transseizième", a documentary about Pascale Ourbih, a transsexual actress, first-time candidate for the French Green Party in the wealthiest and conservative Parisian district.

Nanni Moretti
Giovanni "Nanni" Moretti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈnanni moˈretti]; born 19 August 1953) is an Italian film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is most known for his Palme d'Or winner film The Son's Room (2001) and his Special Jury Prize winner film Sweet Dreams (1981). He is also the recipient of three David di Donatello Award for Best Film, for: Caro diario in 1994, The Son's Room in 2001, and The Caiman in 2006.

Every film he directed since Caro diario has been shown at main competition of the Cannes Film Festival. In 2012 he served as the jury president of the festival's main competition.
2023 Prague shootings
On 21 December 2023, a mass shooting occurred at Charles University's Faculty of Arts main building in central Prague, Czech Republic. A lone gunman, 24-year-old postgraduate student David Kozák, killed 13 people and injured 25 others before committing suicide after exchanging gunfire with police; an additional victim died indirectly from falling to her death while trying to escape the perpetrator.

At the time of the shooting, the perpetrator was one in a pool of about 4,000 suspects in a double murder case that took place six days earlier, 25 kilometres (16 mi) away, when a man and his infant daughter were murdered in the Klánovice Forest. Evidence from the previous shootings linked the two incidents. Kozák's father was also found dead at his home in Hostouň, having been murdered hours before the attack.

The attack was the deadliest mass murder in the Czech Republic since its independence in 1993, surpassing the 2020 Bohumín arson attack.

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
The Chamber of Deputies, officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky, PS PČR), is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with the Imperiali and Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas. Since 2002, there have been 14 constituencies, matching the Czech regions, with district size varying from 8 to 26 representatives. A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members. The quorum is set by law to one third (67) of elected deputies. Any changes to the constitutional laws must be approved by at least 60 percent of the Chamber of Deputies. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the Thun Palace in Malá Strana, Prague.
Differential argument marking
In linguistics, differential argument marking (DAM) is the phenomenon of a language's encoding a single grammatical function (e.g. subject or object) in different ways. It includes non-uniform encoding of arguments in terms of case marking, but also in terms of the presence or absence of agreement on the verb. The term differential marking – specifically differential object marking or DOM – was coined by Georg Bossong in relation to his work on Sardinian and New Iranian languages. However, in recent years there has been a growing interest in the great variety of differential marking patterns across the world's languages in both formal and functional linguistics.

Focus (linguistics)
In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys the part of the sentence that contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill", which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted. By contrast, in the sentence "Mary only INSULTED Bill", the verb "insult" is focused and thus expresses that Mary performed no other actions towards Bill. Focus is a cross-linguistic phenomenon and a major field of study in linguistics. Research on focus spans numerous subfields including phonetics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics.
Cotterdale
Cotterdale is a small side dale and hamlet on the north side of Wensleydale in North Yorkshire, England. The dale lies to the west of Great Shunner Fell. It is drained by East Gill and West Gill, which between them have nine waterfalls. They join to form Cotterdale Beck, which flows over three more waterfalls, including Cotter Force, below which the beck joins the River Ure.

Historically it formed part of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the wapentake of Hang West.. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council. It is part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park.

The place name is thought to be derived from the Old Norse kotar, meaning "huts".

An Iron Age sword, with bronze scabbard, was found in Cotterdale, and is now in the British Museum.

A Primitive Methodist chapel existed in Cotterdale from 1835 to 1967; the chapel building is now a private house.

River Ure
The River Ure in North Yorkshire, England, is about 74 miles (119 km) long from its source to the point where it becomes the River Ouse.  It is the principal river of Wensleydale, which is the only major dale now named after a village rather than its river. The old name for the valley was Yoredale after the river that runs through it.

The Ure is one of many rivers and waterways that drain the Dales into the River Ouse. Tributaries of the Ure include the River Swale and the River Skell.