hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.

Telephony
Telephony (/təˈlɛfəni/ tə-LEF-ə-nee) is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunications services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone.

Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as a system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires. The term is also used frequently to refer to computer hardware, software, and computer network systems, that perform functions traditionally performed by telephone equipment. In this context the technology is specifically referred to as Internet telephony, or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
HD 76805
HD 76805, also known as H Velorum, is a triple star system in the constellation Vela, at a distance of approximately 390 light years.

A visual pair of stars with magnitudes 4.7 and 8.0 are separated by 2.7″.  Their estimated orbital period is 646,000 years.  The primary is a spectroscopic binary with two B-class main sequence stars in a 1.1-day orbit.

Vela (constellation)
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship Argo Navis, which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the closest and brightest Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system.
Carlos de la Garza
Captain Carlos de la Garza (1807–1882), also known as "Don Carlos," was a fourth generation Tejano rancher and entrepreneur in Goliad, Victoria and Refugio counties of Texas. His participation in the Mexican Army leading to the Battle of Coleto was instrumental in the surrender and demise of Colonel James Fannin and the Texian forces.

Empresario
An empresario (Spanish pronunciation: [em.pɾe.ˈsaɾ.jo]) was a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for settling the eastern areas of Coahuila y Tejas in the early nineteenth century.

Since empresarios attracted immigrants mostly from the Southern United States, they encouraged the spread of slavery into Texas. Although Mexico banned slavery in 1829, the settlers in Texas revolted in 1835 and continued to develop the economy, dominated by slavery, in the eastern part of the territory.
Karlin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Karlin [ˈkarlin] (German: Keller) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogródek Pomorski, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Nowogródek Pomorski, 14 km (9 mi) east of Myślibórz, and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 60.

Nowogródek Pomorski
Nowogródek Pomorski [nɔvɔˈɡrudɛk pɔˈmɔrski] is a village in Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowogródek Pomorski. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Myślibórz and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 450.

When part of the Greater Poland province of the fragmented Polish realm, Duke Władysław Odonic granted the area to the Knights Templar in 1232. An Early Gothic church was built in the village in the 13th century. Once a town, it received town rights in 1317 and was deprived of them before 1500. The village was heavily destroyed during the Thirty Years' War.

The main landmark of Nowogródek Pomorski is the Gothic church of Our Lady Queen of Poland, which dates back to the 13th century.
St Mary's College, Wallasey
St Mary's Catholic College (SMC) is a Catholic secondary school located in Wallasey, Wirral, in North West England. St Mary's is one of four Catholic secondary schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. The others are St Anselm's College, St John Plessington Catholic College and Upton Hall School FCJ.

St Mary's is a Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form with academy status (since November 2016) located in Wallasey, Wirral, England.

St Mary's Catholic College (SMC)  is part of St John Plessington Catholic College (SJP) and works in very close relationship to further both schools.

The Boo Radleys
The Boo Radleys are an English alternative rock band who were associated with the shoegazing and Britpop movements in the 1990s. They originally formed in Wallasey, England, in 1988, with singer/guitarist Simon "Sice" Rowbottom, guitarist/songwriter Martin Carr, and bassist Tim Brown. Their name is taken from the character Boo Radley in Harper Lee's 1960 novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. The band split up in 1999.

In their 11-year-long career, the band had one top-ten single, 1995's "Wake Up Boo!", which charted at no. 9, and a number-one album, Wake Up!. The band reunited in 2021, without Carr, and released a single, "A Full Syringe and Memories of You", their first new music since 1998. Paul Banks of Interpol has cited the band as an influence.
Komorniki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Komorniki [kɔmɔrˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczewsko, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Kluczewsko, 10 km (6 mi) north of Włoszczowa, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kluczewsko
Kluczewsko [kluˈt͡ʂɛfskɔ] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kluczewsko. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Włoszczowa and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
Shri Ganganagar–Sikar Express
The 14715/14716 Shri Ganganagar – Sikar Express is an express train belonging to North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between Shri Ganganagar Junction and Sikar Junction of Rajasthan state in India.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Nine Days to Christmas
Nine Days to Christmas is a book by Marie Hall Ets and Aurora Labastida.  Released by Viking Press, it was the recipient of the Caldecott Medal for illustration in 1960.

In the story, Ceci anxiously awaits her first posada, the special Mexican Christmas party, and the opportunity to select a piñata for it.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
2021–22 Four Hills Tournament
The 2021–22 Four Hills Tournament took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck, and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 29 December 2021 and 6 January 2022. It was the 70th edition of the event.

On January 3, the qualifying series was held in Innsbruck, but strong winds on January 4 made it impossible for the competition to go ahead as scheduled. The tournament continued in Bischofshofen where the third leg was held on January 5 (both qualifiers and the competition), and the fourth leg on January 6 (again, both qualifiers and competition).

Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze
Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze ("Paul Ausserleitner Hill") is ski jumping hill opened in 1947 as "Hochkönigsschanze", re-built in 2004, and is part of a complex of ski jumping hills located in Bischofshofen, Austria. It is a large hill K-125, and serves as a venue in the FIS Ski jumping World Cup, annually hosting the fourth and final competition of the Four Hills Tournament.

Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze was renamed after Paul Ausserleitner, an Austrian ski jumper who died from a fall on the hill in January 1952.
Deurne, Belgium
Deurne (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdøːrnə] ⓘ) is the second largest district of the municipality of Antwerp, Belgium, (right after the Antwerp town district) and has 85,283 inhabitants (2025).

It was a separate municipality until 1983. On 1 January 1983, it was absorbed into the municipality of Greater Antwerp whereby Deurne became one of the 9 districts.

Deurne is best known for its green environment with the biggest park in Antwerp Rivierenhof.

Antwerp International Airport
Antwerp International Airport (IATA: ANR, ICAO: EBAW), commonly known simply as Antwerp Airport, is a small international airport located 2.9 nautical miles (5.4 km; 3.3 mi) south of Antwerp, Belgium. The airport is used for some scheduled and charter flights, as well as business and general aviation, and served 239,517 passengers in 2022.
Pathological (mathematics)
In mathematics, when a mathematical phenomenon runs counter to some intuition, then the phenomenon is sometimes called pathological. On the other hand, if a phenomenon does not run counter to intuition, it is sometimes called well-behaved or nice. These terms are sometimes useful in mathematical research and teaching, but there is no strict mathematical definition of pathological or well-behaved.

Riemann integral
In the branch of mathematics known as real analysis, the Riemann integral, created by Bernhard Riemann, was the first rigorous definition of the integral of a function on an interval.  It was presented to the faculty at the University of Göttingen in 1854, but not published in a journal until 1868. For many functions and practical applications, the Riemann integral can be evaluated by the fundamental theorem of calculus or approximated by numerical integration, or simulated using Monte Carlo integration.
Counting Rod Numerals
Counting Rod Numerals is a Unicode block containing traditional Chinese counting rod symbols, which mathematicians used for calculation in ancient China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The orientation of the Unicode characters follows Song dynasty convention, with digits represented as horizontal lines, and tens represented as vertical lines, which differs from Han dynasty practice which represented digits as vertical lines, and tens as horizontal lines.

The block also contains five ideographic tally marks, based on the five strokes of the character 正, which are widely used in East Asia. There are also two characters for use in representing traditional European tally marks (only Tally Mark One and Tally Mark Five are encoded, with tally numbers two through four intended to be represented as a sequence of two through four Tally Mark One characters).

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
2019 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2019 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Southern Ontario, was held January 28 to February 2 at the Woolwich Memorial Centre in Elmira, Ontario. The winning team of skip Rachel Homan, third Emma Miskew, second Joanne Courtney and lead Lisa Weagle represented Ontario at the 2019 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Sydney, Nova Scotia, finishing second. Homan defeated Julie Tippin in the final with a final score of 7-5. The event was held in conjunction with the 2019 Ontario Tankard, the men's provincial championship. This was the sixth time the team played at the Scotties and the fourth time representing Ontario.

Unlike the 2018 event, the 2019 Scotties returned to having a round robin format.

Ontario Women's Curling Championship
The Ontario Women's Curling Championship, formerly the Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the Southern Ontario provincial curling championship for women's curling. The tournament is run by Curling Ontario, the curling association for Southern Ontario. The winning team represents Team Ontario at the national Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
Captorhinida
Captorhinida (older name: Cotylosauria) is a doubly paraphyletic grouping of early reptiles. Robert L. Carroll (1988) ranked it as an order in the subclass Anapsida, composed of the following suborders:

A paraphyletic Captorhinomorpha, containing the families Protorothyrididae, Captorhinidae, Bolosauridae, Acleistorhinidae and possibly also Batropetidae

Procolophonia, containing families Nyctiphruretidae, Procolophonidae and Sclerosauridae

Pareiasauroidea, with families Rhipaeosauridae and Pareiasauridae

Millerosauroidea, with a single family Millerettidae.

While they all share primitive features and resemble the ancestors of all modern reptiles, some of these families are more closely related to (or belong to) the clade Parareptilia, while others are further along the line leading to diapsids. For this reason, the group is only used informally, if at all, by most modern paleontologists. All members of this group are thought to be extinct.

Anapsid
An anapsid is an amniote whose skull lacks one or more skull openings (fenestra, or fossae) near the temples. Traditionally, the Anapsida are considered the most primitive subclass of amniotes, the ancestral stock from which Synapsida and Diapsida evolved, making anapsids paraphyletic. It is, however, doubtful that all anapsids lack temporal fenestra as a primitive trait, and that all the groups traditionally seen as anapsids truly lacked fenestra.
Chinspot batis
The chinspot batis (Batis molitor) is a small songbird of the genus Batis in the family Platysteiridae which is a common and widespread species in the woodlands of southern Africa from the Eastern Cape north to 3°N in southern Kenya and Gabon. It forms a superspecies with other rather similar members of the genus Batis.

Batis (bird)
Batis (pronounced BAT-iss) is a genus of passerine birds in the wattle-eye family. Its species are resident in Africa south of the Sahara. They were previously classed as a subfamily of the Old World flycatcher family, Muscicapidae.

They are small stout insect-eating birds, usually found in open forests or bush. The nest is a small neat cup low in a tree or bush. They hunt by flycatching, or by taking prey from the ground like a shrike.

Batis species are strikingly patterned, typically with a grey crown, black eye mask, dark back, and paler underparts, often with a coloured or black breast band and white on the throat which contrasts strongly with the black eye stripe. Male and female plumages usually differ.

The song is typically a descending triple whistle.
Ukrainsk
Ukrainsk (Ukrainian: Українськ, [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲk]; Russian: Украинск, [ʊkrɐˈinsk]) is a city in Selydove urban hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. The population was estimated at 10,655 in 2022, which went down from 13,236 in 2001. The city has been under Russian occupation since September 2024.

Pokrovsk
Pokrovsk (Ukrainian: Покровськ, IPA: [poˈkrɔu̯sʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Покровск), formerly known as Krasnoarmiisk (until 2016) and Grishino (until 1934), is a city and the administrative center of Pokrovsk Raion in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) northwest of Donetsk. Before 2020, it was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Its population was about 60,127 (2022 estimate). As residents fled or were killed during Russia's Pokrovsk offensive, the population declined to around 7,000 as of January 2025, then under 1,500 by late July 2025. Russia captured the city in early 2026.
Marj
Marj  (Arabic: المرج, al-Marj, "The Meadows"), El Merj in Benghazi and Egyptian Arabic, is a city in northeastern Libya and the administrative seat of the Marj District. It lies in an upland valley separated from the Mediterranean Sea by a range of hills, part of the Jebel Akhdar Mountains, and is generally believed to be the site of the ancient city of Barca.

As of 2004, it had an estimated population of 85,315. There are a couple of banks on the main street and the main post office is in the city centre, not far from the Abu Bakr Assiddiq mosque.

Jebel Akhdar (Libya)
The Jebel Akhdar (Arabic: الجبل الأخضر al-Jabal al-Akhḍar Arabic pronunciation: [ald͡ʒabal alʔaxdˤar], Italian: Gebel el-Achdar, English: The Green Mountain) is a heavily forested, fertile upland area in northeastern Libya.  It is located in the modern shabiyahs or districts of Derna, Jabal al Akhdar, and Marj.
Wanstead and Woodford Guardian
Wanstead and Woodford Guardian is a local newspaper sold every Thursday in the London Borough of Redbridge.

The paper is published by Newsquest, as part of its East London and West Essex Guardian Series (also branded as Your Local Guardian), which includes papers covering neighbouring areas, such as the Epping Forest Guardian and the Waltham Forest Guardian.

The newspaper's weekly circulation is 1,405 copies, according to ABC figures from July to December 2017.

Publication ceased in 2018.

Epping Forest Guardian
The Epping Forest Guardian is a local newspaper sold every Thursday in the Epping Forest District in Essex, England.

The paper is published by Newsquest. It is the sister paper to the East London and West Essex Guardian (also branded as Your Local Guardian).

The newspaper's weekly circulation is 3,495 copies, according to ABC figures from July to December 2017.
Ysleta Mission
The Ysleta Mission, located in the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo within the municipality of El Paso, Texas, is recognized as the oldest continuously operated parish in the State of Texas. The Ysleta community is also recognized as the oldest in Texas and claims to have the oldest continuously cultivated plot of land in the United States.

Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua, OFM, or Anthony of Lisbon; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Anthony was born to and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946.
Brustiarius utarus
Brustiarius utarus, the northern rivers catfish or salmon catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Patricia J. Kailola in 1990, originally under the genus Arius. It inhabits freshwater bodies in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

Its diet includes finfish, detritus, terrestrial invertebrates, and caridean shrimp such as those in the genus Macrobrachium.

Brustiarius utarus reaches a maximum known standard length of 55 cm (22 in), but usually reaches an SL of 30 cm (12 in). It reaches a maximum weight of 1.7 kg (3 lb 12 oz). It closely resembles Bleekeriella leptaspis, and is frequently mistaken for it.

Brustiarius utarus spawns throughout the year. It is harvested by subsistence fisheries.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Squalene
Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpene with the formula C30H50. It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. Squalene has a role in topical skin lubrication and protection.

Most plants, fungi, and animals produce squalene as biochemical precursor in sterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hopanoids in many bacteria.

Squalene is an important ingredient in some vaccine adjuvants: The Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline adjuvants are called MF59 and AS03, respectively.

Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
Jim Perry (television personality)
James Edward Perry (né Dooley; November 9, 1933 – November 20, 2015) was a Canadian television game show host, singer, announcer, and performer in the 1970s and 1980s.

Perry enjoyed success on both Canadian and American television. He was the host of the American game shows Card Sharks and $ale of the Century, as well as the Canadian game shows Definition and Headline Hunters. Perry was also the host of the Miss Canada pageant in the 1970s and 1980s.

Mark Goodson
Mark Leo Goodson (January 14, 1915 – December 18, 1992) was an American television producer who specialized in game shows, most frequently with his business partner Bill Todman, with whom he created Goodson-Todman Productions.