hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wainwright, Alberta
Wainwright is a town in east-central Alberta, Canada. It is approximately 206 kilometres (128 mi) southeast of Edmonton.

Located west of the Alberta–Saskatchewan border, Wainwright is 61 kilometres (38 mi) south of Vermilion in the Battle River valley. Highway 41, called the Buffalo Trail, and Highway 14 go through the town.
CFB Wainwright is located in Denwood, southwest of Wainwright.

Vermilion, Alberta
Vermilion is a town in central Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by the County of Vermilion River. It is at the intersection of Highway 16 (Yellowhead Highway) and Highway 41 (Buffalo Trail), approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Lloydminster and 192 kilometres (119 mi) east of Edmonton.
Kyzyl-Tash Turk mine
The Kyzyl-Tash Turk mine is one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Russia. The mine is located in the Tyva Republic, and has 12.9 million metric tons of ore grading 1.55% lead and 10% zinc, or  0.2 million metric tons of pure lead and 1.29 million metric tons of pure zinc. The mine also has reserves amounting to 482,000 oz of gold and 21.7 million oz of silver. The mine is owned by China’s Zijin Mining Group and as of 2025 it's facing shutdown due to issues related to financial operations caused by international sanctions.

Ounce
The  ounce (/ˈaʊns/) is any of several different units of mass, weight, or volume and is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement.

The avoirdupois ounce (exactly 28.349523125 g) is 1⁄16 avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United States.

Although the avoirdupois ounce is the mass measure used for most purposes, the 'troy ounce' of exactly 31.1034768 g is used instead for the mass of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.

The term 'ounce' is also used in other contexts:

The ounce-force is a measure of force (see below).

The fluid ounce is a measure of volume.

Historically, a variety of different ounces measuring mass or volume were used in different jurisdictions by different trades and at different times in history.
TES (buffer)
TES is used to make buffer solutions. It has a pKa value of 7.550 (I=0, 25°C). It is one of the Good's buffers and can be used to make buffer solutions in the pH range 6.8–8.2. It is one of the components of  Test yolk buffer medium used for refrigeration and transport of semen.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
Piaggio P.136
The Piaggio P.136 is an Italian twin-engine amphibian flying boat designed and manufactured by aircraft company Piaggio Aero. It is furnished with an all-metal hull, pusher propellers, a gull wing, and retractable landing gear.

During late 1948, the P.136 prototype performed its maiden flight; roughly six months later, it reportedly completed certification tests, clearing the type's entry into service. The aircraft was marketed in the United States as the Royal Gull by American distributor Kearney and Trecker. During the late 1950s, a land-based utility aircraft, the Piaggio P.166, was developed from the P.136 and shares many design similarities, despite the deletion of the hull in favour of a conventional fuselage.

Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. A controllable-pitch propeller is one where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (RPM), and the blade pitch is controlled automatically without the pilot's intervention so that the rotational speed remains constant. The device which controls the propeller pitch and thus speed is called a propeller governor or constant speed unit.

Reversible propellers are those where the pitch can be set to negative values. This creates reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.

While some aircraft have ground-adjustable propellers, these are not considered variable-pitch. These are typically found only on light aircraft and microlights.
Robert Breault
Robert Breault (born 1963) is an American operatic tenor.  Born in Michigan, he holds a B.M. degree (magna cum laude) from St. Norbert College (1985) from which he received a distinguished alumni award in 1997.  In addition, he holds a M.M. (1987), and a D.M.A. (1991) from the University of Michigan where he studied voice with soprano Lorna Haywood.  His early training also included two years of study at the San Francisco Merola Opera Program, and an internship with Michigan Opera Theatre.  He lives in Salt Lake City, Utah, where he teaches voice and serves as director of opera at the University of Utah School of Music.

Marilyn Mason
Marilyn Mason (June 29, 1925 – April 4, 2019) was an American concert organist, recording artist, and professor. Mason joined the staff of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in 1947, became chair of the organ department in 1962, and was named a professor in 1965.
Psychic cost
A psychic cost is a subset of social costs that specifically represent the costs of added stress or losses to quality of life. In managerial economics and marketing, psychic costs "measure the stress of having to think about a transaction". In the early 2000s, one of the important psychic costs are the "search costs" of hunting for content that interests us on the Internet.  Psychic costs should not be confused for psychic activity, which is when an individual claims to use extra-sensory perception.

Social cost
Social cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax.

Private costs refer to direct costs to the producer for producing the good or service. Social cost includes these private costs and the additional costs (or external costs) associated with the production of the good which are not accounted for by the free market. In short, when the consequences of an action cannot be taken by the initiator, we will have external costs in the society. We will have private costs when initiator can take responsibility for agent's action.
Emmanuel Leão
Emmanuel Carneiro Leão (5 October 1929 – 7 October 2023) was a Brazilian philosopher and professor. Alongside Vicente Ferreira da Silva, Gerd Bornheim, and Ernildo Stein, he is considered one of Brazil's most prominent Heidegger scholars.

Ernildo Stein
Ernildo Jacob Stein (Santa Rosa, July 12, 1934) is a Brazilian philosopher and professor. Known for his works on Phenomenology and Philosophy of Science, he is considered one of Latin America's leading specialists in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, whose oeuvre he translated and commented extensively.
Scott Weidensaul
Scott Weidensaul (born 1959) is a Pennsylvania-based naturalist and author.  He was a finalist for the 2000 Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction for his book Living on the Wind: Across the Hemisphere With Migratory Birds.

Northern saw-whet owl
The northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a species of small owl in the family Strigidae. The species is native to North America. Saw-whet owls of the genus Aegolius are some of the smallest owl species in North America. They can be found in dense thickets, often at eye level, although they can also be found some 20 ft (6.1 m) up. Saw-whets are often in danger of being preyed upon by larger birds of prey. The northern saw-whet owl is a migratory bird without any strict pattern.
Bledisloe Cup
The Bledisloe Cup is an annual rugby union competition between the national teams of Australia's Wallabies and New Zealand's All Blacks that has been contested since the 1930s. The frequency that the competition is held has varied, as has the number of matches played in each tournament, but it currently consists of an annual two-match series, with the matches counting towards The Rugby Championship. New Zealand has had the most success, winning the trophy in 2025 for the 53rd time and 22nd in succession (excluding the disputed inaugural competition in 1931), while Australia has won the trophy 12 times.

Rugby Australia
Rugby Australia Ltd, previously named Australian Rugby Union Limited and Australian Rugby Football Union Limited, is an Australian company operating the premier rugby union competition in Australia and teams. It has its origins in 1949. It is a member of World Rugby. Rugby Australia has eight member unions, representing each state and the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory. It also manages national representative rugby union teams, including the Wallabies and the Wallaroos.
David Rees (mathematician)
David Rees FRS (29 May 1918 – 16 August 2013) was a British professor of pure mathematics at the University of Exeter, having been head of the Mathematics / Mathematical Sciences Department at Exeter from 1958 to 1983. During the Second World War, Rees was active on Enigma research in Hut 6 at Bletchley Park.

Downing College, Cambridge
Downing College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge and currently has around 950 students. Founded in 1800, it was the only college to be added to the university between 1596 and 1869, and is often described as the oldest of the new colleges and the newest of the old. Downing College was formed "for the encouragement of the study of Law and Medicine and of the cognate subjects of Moral and Natural Science", and has developed a reputation amongst Cambridge colleges for Law and Medicine.

In 2012, Downing was named one of the two most eco-friendly Cambridge colleges.
Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts
The secretary of administration and finance of Massachusetts is the head of the Executive Office of Administration and Finance, and serves as an advisor to the governor of Massachusetts. Its current secretary is Matthew Gorzkowicz, who has been serving since January 5, 2023.

Thomas H. Buckley
Thomas Henry Buckley (September 5, 1897 – December 1, 1960) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Auditor from 1935 to 1939.

Buckley's son, John R. Buckley, served as Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts and was member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was not a relative of Thomas J. Buckley, who also served as Massachusetts Auditor (1941–1964).
Sasobek
Sasobek (Egyptian: "Son of Sobek") was an ancient Egyptian vizier, who officiated between the late 25th – early 26th Dynasty, during the reign of pharaoh Psamtik I. Being the "Vizier of the North", he resided and officiated from Sais, in Lower Egypt.

Sasobek is known from his fine siltstone sarcophagus which is now in the British Museum (EA 17), and also from a kneeling greywacke statue of his son Horwedja, now in the Walters Art Museum of Baltimore (22.79).

Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian tjati, tjaty etc., among Egyptologists. The Instruction of Rekhmire (Installation of the Vizier), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the tjaty, and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers.
Whittier Fire
The Whittier Fire was a wildfire in the Santa Ynez Mountains, south of Lake Cachuma, along Highway 154 in Santa Barbara County, California in the United States. The fire was reported on July 8, 2017, at 1:43 pm. Upon containment on July 28, the fire had burned a total of 18,430 acres (75 km2) and destroyed 16 homes.

California State Route 154
State Route 154 (SR 154) (also known as the Chumash Highway or unofficially as San Marcos Pass Road after the signage) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from Los Olivos to Santa Barbara, crossing the San Marcos Pass in the Santa Ynez Mountains. Before U.S. Route 101 was built through the Gaviota Pass, SR 154 was the main throughway to Santa Barbara and the tri city area including use as a stagecoach route in early years. After being replaced by US 101 as the primary route between the Santa Ynez Valley and Santa Barbara, SR 154 now serves as a scenic bypass.
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" is a well-known phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the unalienable rights which the Declaration says have been given to all humans by their creator, and which governments are created to protect. Like the other principles in the Declaration of Independence, this phrase is not legally binding, but has been widely referenced and seen as an inspiration for the basis of government.

Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
The Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress (also known as the Declaration of Colonial Rights, or the Declaration of Rights) was a statement adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 14, 1774, in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament.  The Declaration outlined colonial objections to the Intolerable Acts, listed a colonial bill of rights, and provided a detailed list of grievances.  It was similar to the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, passed by the Stamp Act Congress a decade earlier.

The Declaration concluded with an outline of Congress's plans: to enter into a boycott of British trade (the Continental Association) until their grievances were redressed, to publish addresses to the people of Great Britain and British America, and to send a petition to the King.
Duhernal Lake
Duhernal Lake is a lake in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The lake is currently formed at the confluence of the South River, Matchaponix Bay and the outflow of Devoe Lake. It currently forms the border between the towns of Spotswood and  Old Bridge.

The lake is eutrophic. It receives most of its water from the tributary Matchaponix Brook and Devoe Lake. Most of the water flows out to the South River.

The lake is a popular fishing site. Fish found in the lake include brown bullhead, bluegill sunfish and largemouth bass.

The lake is co-owned by the DuPont company, Ashland Inc., and the Borough of Sayreville. DuPont, together with the Hercules and National Lead corporations, created the lake in the 1930s by partially damming the South River.

Spotswood, New Jersey
Spotswood is a borough in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The community is nestled within the heart of the Raritan Valley region, with the Manalapan Brook and Matchaponix Brook forming the confluence of the South River (a Raritan River tributary) inside the borough. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 8,163, a decrease of 94 (−1.1%) from the 2010 census count of 8,257, which in turn reflected an increase of 377 (+4.8%) from the 7,880 counted in the 2000 census.
2020 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool A (Esch-sur-Alzette)
Pool A (Esch-sur-Alzette) of the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top teams and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top teams played for advancement to 2020 Billie Jean King Cup Play-offs.

2020 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I zonal competition involving teams from the Europe/Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the thirteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2020 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I. The top four teams advanced to the 2020 Billie Jean King Cup play-offs, while the bottom two teams were relegated to Europe/Africa Zone Group II for 2022.
Gneeveguilla
Gneeveguilla (/ɡniːvˈɡʊɪlə/ g-NEEV-guilla, locally pronounced /ɡiniːɡˈʊɪlə/ guinea-guilla), officially Gneevgullia (Irish: Gníomh go Leith), is a small village in the Sliabh Luachra region of East County Kerry, Ireland. It lies about 19 km (12 mi) east of Killarney, close to the County Kerry/County Cork border.

Killarney
Killarney (/kɪˈlɑːrni/ kil-AR-nee; Irish: Cill Airne [ˌciːl̠ʲ ˈaːɾˠn̠ʲə], meaning 'church of sloes') is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. The town is on the northeastern shore of Lough Leane, part of Killarney National Park, and is home to St Mary's Cathedral, Ross Castle, Muckross House and Abbey, the Lakes of Killarney, MacGillycuddy's Reeks, Purple Mountain, Mangerton Mountain, Paps Mountain, the Gap of Dunloe and Torc Waterfall. Its natural heritage, history and location on the Ring of Kerry make Killarney a popular tourist destination.

The town's population was 14,412 as of the 2022 census, making it the second largest in the county. Killarney won the Best Kept Town award in 2007, in a cross-border competition jointly organised by the Department of the Environment and the Northern Ireland Amenity Council. In 2011, it was named Ireland's tidiest town and the cleanest town in the country by Irish Business Against Litter.
Lyeskawka
Lyeskawka (Belarusian: Лескаўка, romanized: Lieskaŭka; Russian: Лесковка, romanized: Leskovka) is a village in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is administratively part of Barawlyany rural council. It is located about eight kilometres (5.0 mi) from the Minsk Ring Road, north of the capital Minsk. In 2010, it had a population of 1,643.

Minsk district
Minsk district (Belarusian: Мінскі раён; Russian: Минский район) is a district (raion) of Belarus in Minsk region. The administrative center is the capital Minsk, which is administratively separated from the district and region. As of 2024, it has a population of 274,990. The most populous town in the district is Zaslawye.
11th federal electoral district of the State of Mexico
The 11th federal electoral district of the State of Mexico (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 11 del Estado de México) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 40 such districts in the State of Mexico.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fifth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Xóchitl Teresa Arzola Vargas of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Pragmatic theory of truth
A pragmatic theory of truth is a theory of truth within the philosophies of pragmatism and pragmaticism. Pragmatic theories of truth were first posited by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. The common features of these theories are a reliance on the pragmatic maxim as a means of clarifying the meanings of difficult concepts such as truth; and an emphasis on the fact that belief, certainty, knowledge, or truth is the result of an inquiry.

James Mark Baldwin
James Mark Baldwin (January 12, 1861 – November 8, 1934) was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of the founders of the Department of Psychology at Princeton and the University of Toronto. He made important contributions to early psychology, psychiatry, and the theory of evolution, for example, evolutionary biology's Baldwin effect was named after him.
MLA College
MLA College, formerly known as Marine Learning Alliance Ltd, is a registered Higher Education Institution in England. It is affiliated with the University of Plymouth. The college has collaborated with the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), to deliver  sustainability programmes. It offers UK distance learning degrees accessible internationally.

In 2014, it received the Times Higher Education Award for Outstanding Employer Engagement.

University of Plymouth
The University of Plymouth is a public research university based predominantly in Plymouth, England, where the main campus is located, but the university has campuses and affiliated colleges across South West England. With 18,410 students, it is the 57th largest in the United Kingdom by total number of students (including the Open University).
1888 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1888 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Kansas voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 24.20%.

With 55.23% of the popular vote, Kansas would prove to be Harrison's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nevada and Maine.

1888 United States presidential election in Nevada
The 1888 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 6, 1888, as part of the 1888 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Nevada voted for the Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, over the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Harrison won the state by a margin of 15.79%.

With 57.73% of the popular vote, Nevada would prove to be Harrison's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.