hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025–26 Manchester City F.C. season
The 2025–26 season is the 131st season in the existence of Manchester City Football Club and their 24th consecutive season in the topflight of English football. In addition to the domestic league, Manchester City is also participating in the FA Cup, EFL Cup and UEFA Champions League, entering the latter for the 15th consecutive season.

This is the club's first season since 2014–15 without midfielder Kevin De Bruyne, who departed for Napoli following the expiration of his contract, and the first season since 2016–17 without Kyle Walker (to Burnley) and Ederson (to Fenerbahçe). Bernardo Silva was named as the club's new captain after Walker's departure. This also marks the first campaign since 2020–21 which Manchester City did not enter as reigning Premier League champions.

2025–26 EFL Cup
The 2025–26 EFL Cup is the 66th and current season of the English Football League Cup. It is sponsored by Carabao Energy Drink and known as the Carabao Cup for sponsorship reasons. The EFL Cup is open to all clubs participating in the Premier League and the English Football League.

The winner of the competition qualifies for the play-off round of the 2026–27 UEFA Conference League.

Newcastle United were the defending champions, having beaten Liverpool in the previous season's final, but were eliminated by Manchester City in the semi-finals.
Faig Mammadov
Faig Ismail oglu Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Faiq İsmayıl oğlu Məmmədov, pronounced [fɑˈiɡ ismɑˈjɯl oɣˈlu mæˈmædov]; November 27, 1929 – August 4, 1987) was an Azerbaijani agronomist specializing in cottonseed. He taught agricultural sciences at Azerbaijan State Agricultural University and worked in the State Land Commissariat.

Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/; Azerbaijani: Gəncə [ɟænˈdʒæ] ⓘ) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 335,600. The city has been a historic and cultural center throughout most of its existence. It was the capital of the Ganja Khanate until 1804; after Qajar Iran ceded it to the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, it became part of the administrative divisions of the Georgia Governorate, Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, Tiflis Governorate, and Elizavetpol Governorate. Following the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, it became a part of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, followed by the Azerbaijan SSR, and, since 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Khawr Abd Allah
Khawr Abd Allah or Khor Abdullah (Arabic: خور عبد الله, romanized: khawr ‘abdullāh) is a narrow waterway located in the northern Persian Gulf, between the Kuwaiti islands of Bubiyan and Warbah to the west and Al-Faw Peninsula of Iraq to the east. It forms part of the maritime boundary between Kuwait and Iraq, serving as a key navigational channel for access to the ports of both countries. In 2010, the Iraqi government laid the foundation stone for the construction of the Grand Faw Port on the Iraqi side.

Bubiyan Island
Bubiyan Island (Arabic: جزيرة بوبيان) is the largest island in the Kuwaiti coastal island chain situated in the north-western corner of the Persian Gulf, with an area of 863 km2 (333 sq mi). Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta.

The Mubarak Al Kabeer Port is currently under construction on the island. As part of the port's development, there are plans for Bubiyan Island to contain power plants and substations. A 5,000-megawatt power plant has already been built in the neighbouring Kuwaiti region of Subiya.

Bubiyan is the largest of a group of eight islands situated just southwest of the mouth of the Shaṭṭ al-Arab, the river that divides Iraq and Iran.
Bottle sling
The bottle sling (also called a jug sling, a Hackamore knot, or a Scoutcraft knot) is a knot which can be used to create a handle for a glass or ceramic container with a slippery narrow neck, as long as the neck widens slightly near the top.

While classed with binding knots, such as the reef knot and miller's knot, the bottle sling is able to perform a function for which most other binding knots are unsuited.  The bottle sling's specific form allows it to grip a cylinder, assuming it has even a slight flare or collar, and lift it along its axis when the knot is loaded by all four strands.  With appropriate size cord, most wine bottles can be reliably suspended with this knot.

Ancient Greek medicine
Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials. The Greek term for medicine was iatrikē (Ancient Greek: ἰατρική). Many components were considered in ancient Greek medicine, intertwining the spiritual with the physical.  Specifically, the ancient Greeks believed health was affected by the humors, geographic location, social class, diet, trauma, beliefs, and mindset. Early on the ancient Greeks believed that illnesses were "divine punishments" and that healing was a "gift from the Gods". As trials continued wherein theories were tested against symptoms and results, the pure spiritual beliefs regarding "punishments" and "gifts" were replaced with a foundation based in the physical, i.e., cause and effect.
Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs
The Festival Luxembourgeois du cyclisme féminin Elsy Jacobs formerly known as the Grand Prix Elsy Jacobs is an international women's road bicycle race held in Garnich, Luxembourg.

The race was first held in 2008 as a one-day race. Between 2009 and 2011 it was rated as an UCI 1.1 category race. Since 2012, it has been run as a stage race. Between 2021 and 2023, the race was part of the UCI Women's ProSeries, the second tier women's elite road cycling tour.

The race is named after Luxembourgish cyclist Elsy Jacobs, the first winner of the women's road race at the UCI Road World Championships, which took place at Reims, France in 1958. Jacobs was also the hour record holder from 1958 to 1972, as well as fifteen-time Luxembourgish national champion.

Luxembourgish National Road Race Championships
The Luxembourg National Road Race Championship is a cycling race where Luxembourg cyclists decide who will become the champion for the year to come. The event was established in 1922, and a separate Luxembourgish National Time Trial Championships has been held since 1999.

The women's championship was not established until 1959. The most wins were scored by Elsy Jacobs, who won 15 road championships.

The winners of each event are awarded a symbolic cycling jersey which is red, white and blue just like the flag of Luxembourg. These colours can be worn by the rider at other road racing events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Taghzout, El Oued
Taghzout (Arabic: ﺗﺎﻏﺰوت) is a town and commune in Guemar District, El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 13,934, up from 11,147 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.3%. Taghzout is adjacent to the town of Guemar, and is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the provincial capital, El Oued.

Guemar
Guemar (Arabic: ﻗﻤﺎر) is a Saharan oasis town in Algeria near the Tunisian border, in the Oued Souf area of the El Oued Province, about 20 km north of El Oued.  It includes a zaouia and a border post. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 39,168, up from 29,185 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 3.0%.
Runcaria
Runcaria heinzelinii is an extinct species of plant from the Middle Devonian of Belgium. It is the only species classified under the genus Runcaria, named after Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt. It was a precursor to seed plants, predating the earliest of the latter by about 20 million years. The fossil pieces of Runcaria heinzelinii that have been found are short branched stems that at their tips have a radially symmetrical megasporangium surrounded by a cupule. The megasporangium has a multilobed integument, and there is an extension on the megasporangium that suggests an adaptation to wind pollination. Thus, this fossil plant has all of the qualities of seed plants except for a solid seed coat and a system to guide the pollen to the ovulum. It sheds new light on how the seed may have evolved.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Pheidole xerophila
Pheidole xerophila is a species of ant and a higher myrmicine in the family Formicidae.

Like many other species in the genus Pheidole, the ants are dimorphic; colonies contain two castes of workers, "minor" and much larger "major" workers.

major and minor workers

Pheidole
Pheidole (Ancient Greek pronunciation: [pʰeː.dɔː.le]) is a genus of ants that belongs to the ant subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is widespread and ecologically dominant. Many species in the genus first evolved in the Americas, while some, such as Pheidole indica and Pheidole megacephala, originated from East Asia and Africa, respectively. These species eventually began spreading across the globe. Pheidole megacephala is considered a particularly problematic invasive species.
Whooper swan
The whooper swan (/ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/ "hooper swan"; Cygnus cygnus), also known as the common swan, is a large northern hemisphere swan. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan.

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland. It was founded in 1889. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom.

In 2023/24 the RSPB had revenue of £169 million, 2,517 employees, 13,500 volunteers and 1.1 million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it one of the world's largest wildlife conservation organisations. The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 222 nature reserves.
The Boat Race 1876
The 33rd Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on the River Thames on 8 April 1876. Six of the Oxford crew had Boat Race experience while Cambridge's crew contained three Blues.  Umpired by Joseph William Chitty, Cambridge won the race "easily" in a time of 20 minutes 20 seconds, following confusion as to the positioning of the finish.  The victory took the overall record to 17–16 in Oxford's favour.

Richard Burnell
Richard Desborough Burnell (26 July 1917 – 29 January 1995) was an English rower who won a gold medal at the 1948 Olympics alongside Bert Bushnell in the double sculls. He and his father Charles are the only father and son in Olympic history to have both won gold medals in rowing.
Ronald Davis
Ronald Davis (June 29, 1937 – November 19, 2025) was an American painter whose work was associated with geometric abstraction, abstract illusionism, lyrical abstraction, hard-edge painting, shaped canvas painting, color field painting, and 3D computer graphics. He was a veteran of more than seventy solo exhibitions and hundreds of group exhibitions.

Barbara Rose
Barbara Ellen Rose (June 11, 1936 – December 25, 2020) was an American art historian, art critic, curator, and college professor. Rose's criticism focused on 20th-century American art, particularly minimalism and abstract expressionism, as well as Spanish art. "ABC Art", her influential 1965 essay, defined and outlined the historical basis of minimalist art. She also wrote a widely used textbook, American Art Since 1900: A Critical History.
Holcogaster
Holcogaster is a genus of mostly Palearctic shield-bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae erected by Franz Xaver Fieber in 1861.  Some authorities place this genus in the tribe Carpocorini while others suggest a monotypic tribe Aulacetrini (based on the synonym Aulacetrus).  The type species H. fibulata, has been recorded from mainland Europe (not the British Isles or Scandinavia).

Pentatominae
Pentatominae is a subfamily of Pentatomidae, a family of shield bugs. This subfamily is the largest one within the Pentatomidae, having 4937 species classified in 938 genera. Species in this subfamily are phytophages and several of them are considered agricultural pests. Some invasive pentatomines such as Halyomorpha halys and Bagrada hilaris have been considered household pests. Higher systematics of the group have been revised by Rider et al.
Svarozhits
Svarozhits (Latin: Zuarasiz, Zuarasici, Old East Slavic: Сварожиць, Russian: Сваро́жич, Сваро́жиц), Svarozhich (Old East Slavic: Сварожичь, Russian: Сварожич) is a Slavic god of fire, son of Svarog. One of the few Pan-Slavic gods, he is most likely identical with Radegast or its regional variant; it is also but much less often identified with Dazhbog.

Henryk Łowmiański
Henryk Łowmiański (August 22, 1898 near Wilkomiria - September 4, 1984 in Poznań) was a Polish historian and academic who was an authority on the early history of the Slavic and Baltic people. A researcher of the ancient history of Poland, Lithuania and the Slavs in general, Łowmiański was the author of many works, including most prominently the six-volume monumental monograph Początki Polski (transl. The Beginnings of Poland).
Paolo Quinteros
Paolo Alfredo Quinteros (born January 15, 1979) is an Argentine-Italian former professional basketball player. He plays mainly at the shooting guard position, but he can also play at the point guard position.

Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards
The Liga Nacional de Básquet Awards (English: National Basketball League Awards) are the yearly individual awards that are given by Argentina's top-tier level men's professional club basketball league, the Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB), or "La Liga".
Lisa Benlon
Lisa Benlon (July 9, 1953) is a former member of the Kansas House of Representatives, who represented the 22nd district. She served from 1991 to 2002 as a Republican. She then served as a Democrat from 2009 to 2011. Benlon ran for re-election in 2010, but was defeated by Republican Greg Smith.

Prior to her election to the House, Benlon served on the Shawnee City Council from 1988 to 1991. From 1973 to 1988 she worked as an accounting office manager.

Benlon is a volunteer with the Boy Scouts of American (1986–present) and has also served in the Lenexa Chamber of Commerce, Republican Women of Lexena, Shawnee Area Chamber of Commerce, and Young Men's Christian Association.

Greg Smith (Kansas politician)
Greg Smith (born October 8, 1959) is a former Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 21st district from 2013 to 2017. Previously he was a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing District 22 from 2011 to 2013. 
He is the father of the murdered Kelsey Smith and created the Kelsey Smith Foundation to remember her.
Outsider Art Fair
The Outsider Art Fair or OAF is an international exhibition that features outsider artists who work in a variety of mediums. It is a biannual fair occurring in New York City and Paris, the former taking place in January and the latter in October. Plans were made for a Basel edition in 2018 to run alongside Art Basel, but has since been postponed until further notice.

Art Basel
Art Basel is a for-profit, privately owned and managed, international series of art fairs whose annual flagship event has long been considered the largest and most prestigious fair of the contemporary and modern art market.  
Art Basel  started in Basel, Switzerland, in 1970. Since then, it has added annual satellite fairs in Miami Beach in the United States, Hong Kong, and Paris. Starting in February 2026, it will also host its first Art Basel event in Doha, Qatar.

The annual fairs bring together galleries, collectors, curators and artists for exhibitions, sales and programming. They also serve as an anchor for numerous other art fairs that simultaneously operate in parallel in the host cities.

Art Basel's parent company is MCH Group a Switzerland-based marketing company. Over recent years, the organization has adopted a strategy of moving  Art Basel from being a series of industry fairs to being a lifestyle brand.
Lewis Dunk
Lewis Carl Dunk (born 21 November 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion whom he captains, and the England national team.

Dunk started his youth career at Wimbledon before joining Brighton & Hove Albion's academy in 2003. He made his first-team debut for Brighton in 2010, and was part of the team that won the League One title in the 2010–11 season.

In the 2016–17 season, Dunk achieved promotion to the Premier League with Brighton, and was named in the PFA Championship Team of the Year. Appointed captain in 2019, Dunk led the club to their maiden European qualification in the 2022–23 season, as they qualified for the following season's UEFA Europa League.

Dunk is uncapped at youth international level, despite being called up to the England under-21 squad in 2011. He made his senior England debut in 2018.

2016–17 Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. season
The 2016–17 season is Brighton & Hove Albion's 115th year in existence and sixth consecutive season in the Championship. Along with competing in the Championship, the club participated in the FA Cup and League Cup.

Brighton were promoted to the Premier League following their 2–1 home win against Wigan Athletic on 17 April 2017, with fellow promotion chasers Huddersfield Town failing to match Brighton's result in their fixture against Derby County.

The season covers the period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.
Tyson Farago
Tyson James Farago (born May 1, 1991) is a Canadian former professional soccer player who played as a goalkeeper. Starting his senior career at the club while at university, he joined FC Edmonton a year later and spent four seasons with the Alberta club. He signed for Irish club St Patrick's Athletic in March 2018, and returned to WSA Winnipeg after four months overseas. He then had two stints in the new Canadian Premier League, first with Valour FC of Winnipeg, then with Cavalry FC of Calgary.

Manitoba Soccer Association
The Manitoba Soccer Association (MSA) is the governing body for soccer in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The association was formed March 19, 1896 in Brandon, Manitoba, making it the oldest provincial soccer association in Canada.

The MSA is a member of the national governing body, the Canadian Soccer Association.
Baraah Awadallah
Baraah Awadallah Marouane (Arabic: براء عوض الله مروان; born December 21, 1991, in Irbid) is a Jordanian middle distance runner. Awadallah represented Jordan at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 800 metres. She ran in the first heat of the event, against six other athletes, including Russia's Svetlana Klyuka, who nearly missed out of the medal podium in the final. She finished the race in last place by fifteen seconds behind Australia's Madeleine Pape, with her personal and seasonal best time of 2:18.41. Awadallah, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she placed thirty-seventh overall, and was ranked further below three mandatory slots for the next round. She was eventually upgraded to a higher overall position, when Croatia's Vanja Perišić had been disqualified for failing the doping test.

Svetlana Klyuka
Svetlana Vasiliyevna Klyuka (Russian: Светлана Васильевна Клюка; born 27 December 1978 in Belogorsk, Amur Oblast) is a Russian middle distance runner. Klyuka ran the sixth fastest women's 800m time in the world in 2006 (1:57:21 minutes).
Index of Japan-related articles (S)
This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter S. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T"). Please also ignore particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") when listing articles (i.e., "A City with No People" should be listed under "City").

Sayō, Hyōgo
Sayō (佐用町, Sayō-chō) is a town located in Sayō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the town had an estimated population of 15,701 in 6797 households and a population density of 51 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 307.44 square kilometres (118.70 sq mi).
Llandevaud
Llandevaud (sometimes Welsh: Llandyfawg; also recorded historically in English as Llandevad and Llandevan) is a hamlet in Newport, Wales. It is situated between the A48 Newport-Chepstow Road and the M4 motorway, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Langstone. It is part of the community of Langstone.

Penhow
Penhow (Welsh: Pen-hw) is a small village, historic parish and community just inside the eastern edge of the boundary of the city of Newport, South Wales, within the historic county of Monmouthshire. The name Penhow is believed to be derived from the Welsh word pen meaning 'head' or 'top' and how from the Old English hō 'projecting ridge' in its dative form hōh 'place at the ridge'. The community includes the estate of Parc-Seymour. The Penhow Woodlands National Nature Reserve lies a short distance to the south of the village.

Penhow Quarry is operated by Hanson plc.
British Rail Class 24
The British Rail Class 24 diesel locomotives, originally known as the Sulzer Type 2, were built from 1958 to 1961. 151 were built at Derby, Crewe and Darlington, the first twenty of them as part of the British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan. This class was used as the basis for the development of the Class 25 locomotives.

The final survivor, no. 24081, was withdrawn from Crewe depot in 1980.

Multiple working
On the rail network in Great Britain, multiple working is where two or more traction units (locomotives, diesel multiple units or electric multiple units) are coupled together in such a way that they are all under the control of one driver (multiple-unit train control).

If the front locomotive of a pair in multiple has failed the driver can still control the rear locomotive for as long as air and electricity supplies are available on the failed locomotive.

Many main-line diesel-electric and hydraulic locomotives are capable of running in multiples of up to three under the control of one driver

"In tandem" is when more than one diesel or electric locomotive are hauling a single train and under the control of a driver on each locomotive.
William Weymouth
William Anderson Weymouth (Launceston, Van Diemen's Land 24 March 1841 – Hobart, Tasmania, 24 May 1928) was an amateur botanist. He worked as an insurance assessor with the National Mutual Insurance Company. In 1887 he began collecting mosses and lichens, sending them to several European bryologists including Antonio Jatta in Italy, and Viktor Brotherus in Finland. Weymouth issued the exsiccata Musci Tasmaniae exsiccati (1907-1915). Jatta named a species of lichen in honour of Weymouth called Ochrolechia weymouthii, and Brotherus named the moss genus Weymouthia. Weymouth published several papers on mosses from Tasmania.

Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus
Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus (28 October 1849 – 9 February 1929) was a Finnish botanist who studied the mosses (Bryophyta). He is best known for authoring the treatment of 'Musci' in Engler and Prantl's Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien.