hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Membranous layer
The membranous layer or stratum membranosum is the deepest layer of subcutaneous tissue. The basement membrane separates the membranous layer from the dermis. It is a fusion of fibres into a homogeneous layer below the adipose tissue, for example, superficial to muscular fascias.

It is considered a fascia by some sources, but not by others. However, prominent areas of the membranous layer are called fascias; these include the fascia of Scarpa in the abdomen and the fascia of Colles in the perineum.

Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin  subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The subcutaneous tissue is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the mesoderm's dermatome region. It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. It is a major site of fat storage in the body.

In arthropods, a hypodermis can refer to an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.
2011 Internazionali Tennis Val Gardena Südtirol
The 2011 Internazionali Tennis Val Gardena Südtirol was a professional tennis tournament played in Ortisei, Italy between 7 and 13 November 2011 on carpet courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which is part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
1998–99 Euro Hockey Tour
The 1998–99 Euro Hockey Tour was the third season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Karjala Tournament, Baltica Brewery Cup, and the Sweden Hockey Games. The games Canada participated in did not count towards the final standings of the tournament.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
Milden, Suffolk
Milden is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in Suffolk, England. Located around 4+1⁄2 miles from Sudbury. In 2021 the parish had a population of 118. The parish borders Brent Eleigh, Edwardstone, Groton, Lindsey, Little Waldingfield and Monks Eleigh. There are 18 listed buildings in Milden. St Peter's Church is a Grade I listed building.

The parish contains the Milden Thicks SSSI and the remains of Milden Castle.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
2016 Khanasir offensive
The 2016 Khanasir offensive was a military operation conducted by ISIL and Jund al-Aqsa, during the Syrian Civil War, with the aim of cutting the Syrian government's only supply route to the northern part of the Aleppo Governorate, which runs through the town of Khanasir.

Sabkhat al-Jabbul
Sabkhat al-Jabbūl or Mamlahat al-Jabbūl or Lake Jabbūl (Arabic: سبخة الجبول) is a large, traditionally seasonal, saline lake and concurrent salt flats  (sabkha) 30 km southeast of Aleppo, Syria, in the Bāb District of Aleppo Governorate. It is the largest natural lake in Syria and the second largest lake after the artificial Lake Assad. In 2009, the lake covered about 100 km2 (39 sq mi) and was relatively stable. The salt flats are extensive. The area includes the Sabkhat al-Jabbul Nature Reserve, a protected waterfowl site.

Today the Sabkhat al-Jabbul exists within a closed basin, but during the Pleistocene the basin filled,  overflowed and formed a tributary of the Euphrates. The lake traditionally flooded in the spring, shrinking back during the summer and autumn. However, starting in 1988, irrigation projects on adjacent lands started discharging significant amounts of partially saline water into the basin, stabilizing the water table and creating a lake of 100 km2 (39 sq mi).
Jatrabari Police Station
Jatrabari Police Station is a police precinct under the jurisdiction of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police located in the southern part of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is responsible for maintaining law and order, crime prevention, and traffic management within the densely populated areas around Jatrabari. The station was heavily damaged in attacks following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government.

Ganabhaban
The Ganabhaban (Bengali: গণভবন, lit. 'People's House', also spelt Gonobhaban) located in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, north of the National Parliament House, served as the official residence of the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina until the fall of her government. In the aftermath of the July uprising in 2024, the residence is undergoing transformation into a museum, to be named the July Uprising Memorial Museum.
Pheidole antipodum
Pheidole antipodum is a species of ant in the genus Pheidole. It is known only from Australia, where the ants nest in drier regions in soil or under rocks. Little is known about their biology, but they are thought to be specialist predators of termites.

It was formerly placed as the sole member of the genus Anisopheidole.

Pheidole
Pheidole (Ancient Greek pronunciation: [pʰeː.dɔː.le]) is a genus of ants that belongs to the ant subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is widespread and ecologically dominant. Many species in the genus first evolved in the Americas, while some, such as Pheidole indica and Pheidole megacephala, originated from East Asia and Africa, respectively. These species eventually began spreading across the globe. Pheidole megacephala is considered a particularly problematic invasive species.
Fiksifriksi
#fiksifriksi is the second album by Indonesian rock band Wonderbra, released on July 22, 2011, by Dagda Records through SebarSabar distributor. All songs were written and arranged by Teraya Paramehta, Nosa Normanda, Asep Rachman Muchlas and Yuda "Kuyut" Wahyudin. The album was mostly self-produced by Wonderbra, except the track "It's Loona", which was co-produced with Tyagita Silka. Some of these are old songs which were rejected by the producers of Crossing The Railroad, such as "Indie V", which was released as a single in 2010.

Crossing the Railroad
Crossing the Railroad is the debut album by Indonesian rock band Wonderbra, released on May 3, 2007, by Liquid Records through LIMI labels. All songs were written and arranged by Teraya Paramehta, Nosa Normanda, Asep Rachman Muchlas and Edy Sembodo with additional players such as Yuda Wahyudin in guitar and Rizki Mustafa Arisun in keyboards. The album was produced from a series of coincidence. At first the newly formed band was rehearsing in Liquid studio in 2005. They performed some of their own songs from jamming session such as "Die Die Baby, Die!", a punk song, and "Ordinary Orgasm" (unreleased). Harry Sihombing, the owner of the studio, along with Ricky Benito Siahaan watched the band performed and offered them a recording deal. Without further hesitation the band gladly accepted the offer.
Norman Hackerman Young Author Award
The Norman Hackerman Young Author Award was established in 1982 by The Electrochemical Society (ECS). The award is presented annually for the best paper published in the Journal of the Electrochemical Society for a topic in the field of electrochemical science and technology by a young author or authors. (This award incorporates the Turner Book Prize.)

Recipients of the award are presented with a scroll, cash prize (divided equally among eligible authors), and travel assistance to enable winner(s) to attend the ECS meeting where the award is presented.

This award is named after the chemist Norman Hackerman.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
2022 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan) final
The 2022 Kashmir Premier League Final was a 20-over cricket match scheduled to be played on 26 August 2022, at Muzaffarabad Cricket Stadium, Muzaffarabad between the Mirpur Royals and Bagh Stallions to determine the winner of the 2022 edition of the Kashmir Premier League. The match was abandoned due to rain and Mirpur were awarded the title due to their better position in the points table.

Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan)
The Kashmir Premier League (Urdu: کشمیر پریمیئر لیگ; abbreviated KPL) was a professional Twenty20 cricket league organized by Pakistan Cricket Board in Azad Kashmir. The league was founded in 2021. It consists of seven franchises; six teams representing major cities in Kashmir, and one team representing the Kashmiri diaspora.
Each team plays the group stage matches in a single round-robin tournament with the top four teams qualifying for the playoffs and ultimately for the final. Matches played in the Kashmir Premier League do not have official T20 status.
Italian Air Force Museum
The Italian Air Force Museum is an aircraft museum at Vigna di Valle, on Lake Bracciano (Lazio), in central Italy. It is operated by the Aeronautica Militare. The museum's collection has an emphasis on Italian machines and seaplanes. While maintaining the technical and historical aspects, the museum is also dedicated to the influence aviation has had on Italian art, featuring works by Futurist painters Pietro Annigoni, Giacomo Balla, and Tato; and contemporary art such as Flight: Papiers froissés (literally crumpled paper) by Antonio Papasso.

Bracciano
Bracciano is a small town in the Italian region of Lazio, 30 kilometres (19 miles) northwest of Rome.  The town is famous for its volcanic lake (Lake Bracciano or "Sabatino", the eighth largest lake in Italy) and for a particularly well-preserved medieval castle Castello Orsini-Odescalchi.  The lake is widely used for sailing and is popular with tourists; the castle has hosted a number of events, especially weddings of actors and singers.

The town is served by an urban railway (Line FR3) which connects it with Rome (stations of Ostiense and Valle Aurelia) in about 55 minutes. Close to it lie the two medieval towns of Anguillara Sabazia and Trevignano Romano.
GEC Traction
GEC Traction Limited was a British industrial company formed in 1972 which designed and manufactured electric traction equipment for railway rolling stock. The company had manufacturing sites at Manchester, Preston and Sheffield and was a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company.

Alstom
Alstom SA (French: [alstɔm]) is a French multinational rail transport systems manufacturer. It is active in the fields of passenger transportation, rail services, signalling, and locomotives, producing high-speed, suburban, regional and urban trains along with trams.

The company and its name (originally spelled Alsthom) were formed by a merger between the electric engineering division of Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (Als) and Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston (thom) in 1928. Significant acquisitions later included the Constructions Électriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (late 1980s).
Lorteburn
The Lorteburn or Langbourne is a lost stream or river, which ran in the east of the City of London, arising near to Aldgate, flowing south near to the Tower of London, and discharging into the River Thames. The stream appears to have been covered over or dry by the early 14th century but its course has been discovered during archaeological digs in the area and the watershed can be traced in the street level contours of that part of the city as mapped by Kelsey in 1841. The stream gave its name to the Langbourn ward of the city. The river is seldom included on maps or lists of London's lost rivers, and its existence is denied by Nicholas Barton, in his 1962 book Lost Rivers of London, but in more recent work David Bentley argues for its existence.

Lombard Street, London
Lombard Street (/ˈlɒmbərd, -bɑːrd/) is a street notable for its connections with the City of London's merchant, banking and insurance industries, stretching back to medieval times.

From Bank junction, where nine streets converge by the Bank of England, Lombard Street runs southeast for a short distance before bearing left into a more easterly direction, and terminates at a junction with Gracechurch Street and Fenchurch Street. Its overall length is 260 metres (280 yd).

It has often been compared with Wall Street in New York City.  In 1952, William L. Shirer wrote that in the 1920s "Wall Street was replacing Lombard Street as the financial capital of the world."
Mai Chinese
Mai or Maihua (simplified Chinese: 迈话; traditional Chinese: 邁話; pinyin: Màihuà, meaning 'Mai speech') is a variety of Chinese of uncertain affiliation spoken in the area of 崖县 Yáxiàn (Sanya) in southern Hainan, China. It was classified as Yue in the Language Atlas of China. Ouyang, Jiang & Zou (2019) consider Mai to be a divergent Yue Chinese variety with Hakka and other mixed influences. There are just over 10,000 speakers of Mai in southern Hainan.

A comprehensive description of Mai was published in a monograph by Ouyang, Jiang & Zou (2019).

Language Atlas of China
The Language Atlas of China (simplified Chinese: 中国语言地图集; traditional Chinese: 中國語言地圖集; pinyin: Zhōngguó yǔyán dìtú jí), published by Hong Kong Longman Publishing Company in two parts in 1987 and 1989, maps the distribution of both the varieties of Chinese and ethnic minority languages of China. The atlas was a collaborative effort by the Australian Academy of the Humanities and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, published simultaneously in the original Chinese and in English translation. Endymion Wilkinson rated this joint venture "outstanding".

A second edition was published by the Commercial Press in 2012.
Dimorphoceratinae
Dimorphoceratinae is one of two subfamilies included in the family Dimorphoceratidae.  The subfamily is characterized by having only the ventral lobe of the suture subdivided. Shells are completely involute, with the inner whorls completely hidden, and mostly suboxiconic such that the rim, or venter, is fairly narrow. Sculpture consists only of growth lines, sometimes with delicate spiral ornamentation. The Ventral lobe becomes extremely wide by subdivision.

Dimorphoceratidae
Dimorphoceratidae is one of two families included in the Dimorphoceratoidea, a superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Goniatitida that lived during the Late Paleozoic. They are dimorphocerataceans in which the external lateral lobes and prongs of the ventral lobe are bifid. The shells are strongly involute, subdiscoidal to lenticular.
2025 Melbourne Cup
The 2025 Melbourne Cup, known commercially as the 2025 Lexus Melbourne Cup, was the 165th running of the Melbourne Cup, an Australian thoroughbred horse race. The race, run over 3,200 metres (1.988 mi), was held on 4 November 2025 at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse.

The final field for the race was declared on 1 November 2025. The total prize money for the race is A$10 million, a $144,000 increase from 2024. The race was won by Half Yours, ridden by Jamie Melham, the first woman to win since Michelle Payne in 2015.

2021 Melbourne Cup
The 2021 Melbourne Cup (known commercially as the 2021 Lexus Melbourne Cup) was the 161st running of the Melbourne Cup, a prestigious Australian Thoroughbred horse race. The race, run over 3,200 metres (1.988 mi), was held on 2 November 2021 at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse.

The final field for the race was declared on 30 October 2021. The total prize money for the race was A$8 million, the same as the previous year.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the public crowd was limited to 10,000 vaccinated attendees. Also, all horses are required fully CT scan to permit run the Melbourne Cup.

The race was won by Verry Elleegant, ridden by James McDonald and trained by Chris Waller. She became the first horse in 161 runnings of the cup to win from barrier 18.
Invictarx
Invictarx (meaning "unconquerable fortress") is a monospecific genus of nodosaurid dinosaur from New Mexico that lived during the Late Cretaceous (lower Campanian, 78.5 Ma) in what is now the upper Allison Member of the Menefee Formation. The type and only species, Invictarx zephyri, is known from three isolated, incomplete postcranial skeletons. It was named in 2018 by Andrew T. McDonald and Douglas G. Wolfe. Invictarx shares similarities with Glyptodontopelta from the Naashoibito member of the Ojo Alamo Formation, New Mexico.

Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (Latin: costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton. In most tetrapods, ribs surround the thoracic cavity, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the thoracic cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other vital organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.
I Shall Be Free No. 10
"I Shall Be Free No. 10" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, which was released as the fifth track on his fourth studio album Another Side of Bob Dylan (1964). The song was written by Dylan and produced by Tom Wilson. The song is a humorous talking blues, indebted to earlier songs including Lead Belly's "We Shall Be Free". Dylan opens the song by proclaiming that he is normal and average, but then acknowledges his reputation by singing the self-aware doggerel "Yippee! I'm a poet, and I know it/ Hope I don't blow it".

Several takes were June 9, 1964, with a master take assembled from them and released on Another Side of Bob Dylan on August 8, 1964. Critics have received the song positively, praising its humor and noting that it contrasts with the serious track "Chimes of Freedom" that precedes it on the album. According to his official website, Dylan has never performed the song in concert.

Timothy Hampton (historian)
Timothy Hampton is an American historian of French studies and history, currently the Aldo Scaglione and Marie M. Burns Distinguished Professor of French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Bob Dylan's Poetics: How the Songs Work.
Dalin, Chiayi
23°35′56″N 120°28′12″E﻿ / ﻿23.59889°N 120.47000°E﻿ / 23.59889; 120.47000

Dalin Township (Chinese: 大林鎮; pinyin: Dàlín Zhèn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tōa-nâ) is an urban township in Chiayi County, Taiwan. To the east is Meishan, to the south Minxiong and to the north Yunlin County. Dalin TzuChi General Hospital (大林慈濟醫院) is located here.

Minxiong
23°33′01″N 120°26′45″E﻿ / ﻿23.550399°N 120.445696°E﻿ / 23.550399; 120.445696

Minxiong Township (Chinese: 民雄鄉; pinyin: Mínxióng Xiāng) or Minsyong Township is a rural township in Chiayi County, Taiwan.
Altra College
Altra College is a Dutch special education school with branches in Amsterdam, Hoofddorp, Purmerend, and  Krommenie. It specializes in teaching children who have problems dealing with fellow students, teachers, or parents, or have psychological problems. Some students get directly enrolled from elementary school, while others follow regular high school for some time.

Purmerend
Purmerend (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌpʏrməˈrɛnt] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The city is surrounded by polders, such as the Purmer, Beemster and the Wormer. Purmerend's population grew relatively slowly until the 1960s, when it increased from around 10,000 to over 80,000 by 2020. This expansion has turned Purmerend into a commuter town; many inhabitants (14,200 in 2011) work, go to school or spend leisure time in Amsterdam. Purmerend is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.

The municipality of Beemster merged into the municipality of Purmerend on 1 January 2022. The extended municipality has a population of about 96,000.
Social Medicine Research Unit
The Social Medicine Research Unit (SMRU) was a Medical Research Council (MRC) research unit, established in 1948 under the direction of epidemiologist Jerry Morris. Based initially at the Central Middlesex Hospital in London, the SMRU became one of the most influential centres of postwar British social medicine. Its research helped establish the role of physical activity, diet, and environmental factors in chronic disease, contributed to the emergence of lifestyle epidemiology, and informed the development of community‑oriented public health policy in the United Kingdom.

Social medicine
Social medicine is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between socio-economic factors and individual health outcomes. Rooted in the challenges of the Industrial Revolution, it seeks to:

Understand how specific social, economic, and environmental conditions directly impact health, disease, and the delivery of medical care.

Promote conditions and interventions that address these determinants, aiming for a healthier and more equitable society.

Social medicine as a scientific field gradually began in the early 19th century in Europe, during the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent increase in poverty and disease among workers raised concerns about the effect of social processes on the health of the poor. The field of social medicine is most commonly addressed today by efforts to understand what are known as social determinants of health.