hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southwestern Istrian
Southwestern Istrian (Croatian: Jugozapadni istarski dijalekt), also known as Chakavian-Shtokavian, Shtokavian-Chakavian, or Shtakavian-Chakavian ikavian (Croatian: čakavsko-štokavski/štokavsko-čakavski/štakavsko-čakavski ikavski dijalekt), is one of the dialects of the Chakavian language in Istria, Croatia. Through the history there were different hypotheses which classified it, besides in Chakavian, instead in Shtokavian, because it is a transitional dialect. It is the most widespread Chakavian dialect in Istria.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Cassytha filiformis
Cassytha filiformis or love-vine is an orangish, wiry, parasitic vine in the family Lauraceae. It is found in coastal forests of warm tropical regions worldwide including the Americas, Indomalaya, Australasia, Polynesia and tropical Africa.

It is an obligate parasite, meaning it cannot complete its life-cycle without another host plant. Research in Florida (in southeast United States) has found that love-vine inhibits gall wasps by attacking the galls (small growths on plants) that the wasps create for their young.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
1953 International League season
The 1953 International League was a Class AAA baseball season played between April 22 and September 28. Eight teams played a 154-game schedule, with the top four teams qualifying for the post-season.

The Montreal Royals won the Governors' Cup, defeating the Rochester Red Wings in the final round of the playoffs.

Montreal Royals
The Montreal Royals (French: Royaux de Montréal) were a minor league professional baseball team in Montreal, Quebec, during 1897–1917 and 1928–1960. A member of the International League, the Royals were the top farm club (Class AAA) of the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1939; pioneering African-American player Jackie Robinson was a member for the 1946 season. The 1946 Royals were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.
De principis instructione
De principis instructione (Instruction for a Ruler) is a Latin work by Gerald of Wales. It is divided into three "Distinctions". The first contains moral precepts and reflections; the second and third deal with the history of the later 12th century, with a focus on the character and acts of king Henry II of England and especially his disputes with the kings of France, Louis VII and Philip II and with his own four sons, Henry the Young King, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Richard, count of Poitou and John Lackland.

Gerald was learned in classical, Biblical and medieval Latin literature and in this work cites the Bible, Servius (the commentator on Virgil), Gildas, the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and many other works.

Gildas
Gildas (English pronunciation: /ˈɡɪldəs/, Breton: Gweltaz; c. 450/500 – c. 570) – also known as  Gildas Badonicus, Gildas fab Caw (in Middle Welsh texts and antiquarian works) and Gildas Sapiens (Gildas the Wise) – was a 6th-century British monk best known for his religious polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, which recounts the history of the Britons before and during the coming of the Saxons. He is one of the best-documented figures of the Christian church in the British Isles during the sub-Roman period, and was renowned for his Biblical knowledge and literary style. In his later life, he emigrated to Brittany, where he founded a monastery known as Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
Death in vain
In the Sinosphere, a death in vain (枉死 wangsi, 冤死 yuansi, 屈死 qusi) is a death that is not a death of natural causes, such as a suicide, homicide, or an accident, which is an unjust death. For example, in Journey to the West: "Those people are the ghosts of the 64 places of smoke, the 72 places of grass, the princes and the chiefs, all of whom died in vain, and have no money and no control, and cannot be reborn, and are all lonely and hungry." In the Travels of Lao Can: "I can go, but it is not useful to the business, but to add one more wrongful death in the cage."

Chinese people often set up temples for people who died in accidents, called Yin miao, hoping that after these people died in vain, they would be placated with jisi (offerings) and not disturb the human world.

Martyrs' shrines (China)
Martyrs' shrines or hero shrines (Chinese: 忠烈祠) are buildings used in East Asian hero cults. They are a kind of Ci Shrine, which is a separate building built to praise the spirit of loyalty and righteousness, and to memorialize the martyrs who died for the country. In addition to shrines dedicated to martyrs and loyal subjects, some of them are converted from other buildings, such as Shinto shrines. Since Confucianism advocates the virtues of loyalty and righteousness, the construction of the Temple not only commemorates and enshrines the martyrs who were martyred in the country, but also serves the purpose of moral education.
Buigny-lès-Gamaches
Buigny-lès-Gamaches (French pronunciation: [bɥiɲi lɛ ɡamaʃ], literally Buigny near Gamaches; Picard: Boégny-lès-Gamache) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France about 32 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of Abbeville.

Abbeville
Abbeville (French: [abvil] ⓘ; West Flemish: Abbekerke; Picard: Advile) is a commune in the Somme department and in Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

It is the chef-lieu of one of the arrondissements of Somme. Located on the river Somme, it was the capital of Ponthieu.
Annie Marion MacLean
Annie Marion MacLean (1869 – 1934) was a pioneering American sociologist of the women's Chicago School, and is sometimes referred to as the "mother of contemporary ethnography". She was one of the first women to pursue a professional career in sociology.

Regarded today as a feminist pragmatist, MacLean is particularly remembered for her pioneering work in participant observation, and for her rigorous application of her sociological findings to immediate social problems.  She is particularly known for her studies of working and immigrant women.  MacLean's work was strongly informed by her association with social reformers such as Jane Addams, as well as founding scholars of sociology such as Albion Small, Charles Henderson, and George Herbert Mead.

Charles Richmond Henderson
Charles Richmond Henderson (1848 – 1915) was an American Baptist minister and sociologist. After being a pastor for nearly 20 years in Terre Haute and Detroit, he took an appointment as an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, where he became a tenured professor. He published several works on society in the United States, the prison system, and the sociology of charities.
Knockanacree
Knockanacree (Cnocán an Chraoi in Irish) is a townland in the historical Barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary, Ireland. The townland is located within the civil parish of Modreeny north of the town of Cloughjordan.
Three areas within Knocknacree townland have been selected as the possible location for a Break Pressure Tank which is required for the proposed pipeline to supply drinking water from Lough Derg to Dublin.

Modreeny
Modreeny (Irish: Maigh Drithne) is a townland and a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary in Ireland situated on the R490 road between the towns of Borrisokane and Cloughjordan. Ormond Foxhounds are based at kennels at Modreeny.
History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent
History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent can be traced to the Indus Valley civilisation or earlier. Indians have mainly worn clothing made up of locally grown cotton. India was one of the first places where cotton was cultivated and used even as early as 2500 BCE during the Harappan era. The remnants of the ancient Indian clothing can be found in the figurines discovered from the sites near the Indus Valley civilisation, the rock-cut sculptures, the cave paintings, and human art forms found in temples and monuments. These scriptures view the figures of human wearing clothes which can be wrapped around the body. Taking the instances of the sari, the bandana, to that of the turban and the dhoti; the traditional Indian wears were mostly tied around the body in various ways.

Sherwani
A sherwani  is a long-sleeved outer coat worn by men in South Asia. Like the Western frock coat, it is fitted, with some waist suppression; it falls to below the knees and is buttoned down the front. It can be collarless, have a shirt-style collar, or a stand-up collar in the style of the Mandarin collar.
It evolved in the Indian subcontinent in the 19th-century as a result of the outer garment of the late Mughal period, the angarkha—itself evolved from the Persian cape, balaba—being given a western style with a button-down front.
Jindong Township, Sichuan
Jindong Township (simplified Chinese: 金洞乡; traditional Chinese: 金洞鄉; pinyin: Jīndòng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Lizhou District, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China. As of 2020, it administers Bailonghu Residential Community (白龙湖社区) the following six villages:

Zhanwan Village (站湾村)

Shiqing Village (石青村)

Qinghe Village (清河村)

Tiangou Village (田沟村)

Dianzi Village (店子村)

Changyang Village (长阳村)

Lizhou, Guangyuan
32°26′02″N 105°50′43″E﻿ / ﻿32.43389°N 105.84528°E﻿ / 32.43389; 105.84528

Lizhou District (Chinese: 利州区; pinyin: Lìzhōu Qū), known until 2007 as Shizhong District (市中区; Shìzhōng Qū), is a district of Guangyuan city, Sichuan Province, China. Lizhou is the former name of the city Guangyuan and encompasses the urban area of Guangyuan.
Hakutaka
The Hakutaka (Japanese: はくたか; lit. 'white hawk') is a limited-stop high-speed Shinkansen service on the Hokuriku Shinkansen jointly operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It operates between Tokyo and Kanazawa in Japan. The Shinkansen service was introduced on 14 March 2015, although the name Hakutaka was previously used for a limited express service operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1965 to 1982, and later by JR West and Hokuetsu Express between 1997 and March 2015.

Toyama Station
Toyama Station (富山駅, Toyama-eki) is a major railway station and multi-modal transport hub in Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Toyama Station, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Ainokaze Toyama Railway, provides Shinkansen, Limited Express and local rail services.

Dentetsu-Toyama Station (電鉄富山駅, Dentetsu-Toyama-eki), on the eastern side of Toyama Station and operated by Toyama Chihō Railway, provides local and regional rail services.

Tram & light rail services, operated by Toyama Chihō Railway, depart from the western side of the Toyama Station building underneath its elevated railway tracks.

Local and long distance bus services operate from both the north and south sides of Toyama Station, with a bus information and ticket office located outside the south exit of Toyama Station. Taxis are also available from the north and south sides of the station.
Disk laser
A disk laser or active mirror (Fig.1) is a type of diode pumped solid-state laser characterized by a heat sink and laser output that are realized on opposite sides of a thin layer of active gain medium. Despite their name, disk lasers do not have to be circular; other shapes have also been tried. The thickness of the disk is considerably smaller than the laser beam diameter. Initially, this laser cavity configuration had been proposed and realized experimentally for thin slice semiconductor lasers.

The disk laser concepts allow very high average and peak powers due to its large area, leading to moderate power densities on the active material.

Thermal shock
Thermal shock is a type of thermal stress caused by a sudden change in temperature. It is a common mode of failure when a hot meets cold, such as pouring boiling water in a cold glass, causing it to shatter. Large temperature differentials act as type of mechanical load, producing strain across the material. The load is caused by the different parts of the material expanding differently at their respective temperatures, resulting in internal strain. When the strain exceeds the tensile strength of the material, it causes mechanical failure of the material, resulting in fracture and potential structural failure.
Schramm Park State Recreation Area
Schramm Park State Recreation Area is a state recreation area in southeast Nebraska, United States, on the north side of the Platte River in Sarpy County.

The area currently has 3 miles (4.8 km) of scenic nature trails, picnic areas, the Schramm Education Center and the Gretna State Fish Hatchery, the oldest fish hatchery in the State of Nebraska, established in 1882. The hatch house is now operated as a fish hatchery museum.

The Schramm Education Center features multiple viewing tanks with a variety of fish species. The facility also features multiple terrariums featuring reptiles, amphibians, and insects.

The 331 acres (134 ha) park is a day use park only, but overnight camping is available 5 miles (8.0 km) east at Louisville State Recreation Area, on the south bank of the Platte River.

Schramm is accessible from Interstate 80, exit 432. It is on Nebraska Highway 31 9 miles (14 km) south of Gretna, Nebraska.

Domestic geese and mallards

Ohio spiderwort

Bull snake

Green heron

Louisville State Recreation Area
Louisville State Recreation Area (Louisville SRA) is a 192-acre (0.78 km2) recreation area located in Louisville, Nebraska along Nebraska Highway 50 on the south bank of the Platte River.

The area features five sandpit lakes, one of which is available for swimming.  As of 2005 the area features 223 camping pads with electrical access.
Jan Viktor Mládek
Jan Viktor Mládek (7 December 1911 – 7 August 1989) was initially a Czechoslovak, then an American economist of Polish-Czech origin, governor and one of the executive directors of the International Monetary Fund, art collector and patron of Central European art.

Ferdinand Peroutka
Ferdinand Peroutka (6 February 1895 – 20 April 1978) was a Czech journalist and writer. A prominent political thinker and journalist during the First Czechoslovak Republic, Peroutka was persecuted by the Nazi regime for his democratic convictions and imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp. Following the 1948 coup by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, he emigrated to both the United Kingdom and later, the United States.
Finger of God Globule
The "Finger of God" globule is a Bok globule and dark nebula located around 7,300 light-years away from Earth, within the Carina Nebula. It is ~2 light years across, and got its name due to the finger-like shape located directly on top of the main nebula.

Bok globule
In astronomy, Bok globules are isolated and relatively small dark nebulae containing dense cosmic dust and gas from which star formation may take place. Bok globules are found within H II regions, and typically have a mass of about two to 50 solar masses contained within a region about a light year or so across (about 4.5×1047 m3). They contain molecular hydrogen (H2), carbon oxides and helium, and around 1% (by mass) silicate dust. Bok globules most commonly result in the formation of double- or multiple-star systems.
Timeline of Indo-Greek kingdoms
Within the Indo-Greek Kingdom there were over 30 kings, often in competition on different territories. Many of them are only known through their coins.

Many of the dates, territories, and relationships between Indo-Greek kings are tentative and essentially based on numismatic analysis (find places, overstrikes, monograms, metallurgy, styles), a few Classical writings, and Indian writings and epigraphic evidence. The following list of kings, dates and territories after the reign of Demetrius is derived from the latest and most extensive analysis on the subject, by Osmund Bopearachchi ("Monnaies Gréco-Bactriennes et Indo-Grecques, Catalogue Raisonné", 1991).

Euthydemus I
Euthydemus I (Greek: Εὐθύδημος, Euthýdēmos, c. 260 BC – 200/195 BC) was a Greco-Bactrian king and founder of the Euthydemid dynasty. He is thought to have originally been a satrap of Sogdia, who usurped power from Diodotus II in 224 BC. Literary sources, notably Polybius, record how he and his son Demetrius resisted an invasion by the Seleucid king Antiochus III from 209 to 206 BC. Euthydemus expanded the Bactrian territory into Sogdia, constructed several fortresses, including the Derbent Wall in the Iron Gate, and issued a very substantial coinage.
Musashino, Tokyo
Musashino (武蔵野市, Musashino-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mɯ.sa.ɕi.no, mɯ.sa.ɕi.noꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 147,754 in 78,614 households, and a population density of 13,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 10.98 square kilometres (4.24 sq mi). Based on the 2019 survey by SUUMO, the Kichijoji neighborhood of Musashino was the third most desirable place to live in central Japan.

Popular attractions in Musashino include Kichijōji; a residential and shopping neighborhood with malls such as Atre Kichijoji, recreational areas such as Inokashira Park, Musashino Chuo Park, Musashino Municipal Athletic Stadium and Musashino Sports Complex.

Western Tokyo
Western Tokyo (東京都西部, Tōkyō-to seibu), known as the Tama area (多摩地域, Tama chiiki), Tama region (多摩地方, Tama-chihō) or toka (都下) locally, in the Tokyo Metropolis consists of 30 ordinary municipalities (cities (市 shi), towns (町 machi) and one village (村 mura)), unlike the eastern part which consists of 23 special wards.

Before it was transferred to Tokyo in 1893, the Tama area, then also still often referred to as the "three Tama" (三多摩, san-Tama) (referring to the West, North and South Tama counties it consisted of) had formed the Northern part of Kanagawa Prefecture.
Chris Hersch
Chris Hersch (born 1982, in Orefield, Pennsylvania) is a Boston-based guitarist.

From 2000–2004, Hersch attended the New England Conservatory of Music, where his teachers included John Abercrombie, Ben Monder, Jerry Bergonzi, John McNeil, and Steve Lacey. He also studied banjo and Americana.

John McNeil (musician)
John Patrick McNeil (March 23, 1948 – September 27, 2024) was an American jazz trumpeter. He performed with artists including Billy Hart, Rufus Reid, Horace Silver, Gerry Mulligan, and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra. McNeil was born on March 23, 1948, and died on September 27, 2024, at the age of 76.
Salvatore Maranzano
Salvatore Maranzano (Italian: [salvaˈtoːre maranˈtsaːno]; July 31, 1886 – September 10, 1931), nicknamed Little Caesar, was an Italian-American mobster from the town of Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, and an early Cosa Nostra boss who led what later would become the Bonanno crime family in New York City. He instigated the Castellammarese War in 1930 to seize control of the American Mafia, winning the war after the murder of rival faction head Joe Masseria in April 1931. He then briefly became the Mafia's capo di tutti capi ("boss of all bosses") and formed the Five Families in New York City but was murdered on September 10, 1931, on the orders of Charles "Lucky" Luciano, who established the Commission, in which families shared power to prevent future turf wars.

Caporegime
A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to capo or informally referred to as "captain", "skipper" or "lieutenant", is a leadership position in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia). A capo is a "made member" of an Italian crime family who heads a regime or "crew" of soldiers and has major status and influence in the organization. Caporegime is an Italian word, used to signify the head of a family in Sicily. In general, the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the don (boss) or an underboss or street boss. The shortened version "capo" has also been used to refer to certain high-ranking members of Latin American drug cartels.
Halesworth Town F.C.
Halesworth Town F.C. is a football club based in Halesworth, Suffolk, England. They are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One North, having won promotion to it from the Suffolk & Ipswich League in 2025.

Halesworth Town were founded in 1887.  They have competed in local football competitions for much of their history, joining the Suffolk and Ipswich League in 1966.  They achieved promotion to a regional level competition for the first time in 2025, entering into the Eastern Counties League. They have won the Suffolk FA Junior Cup three times, in 1906, 1924, and 2020.

They play at the Dairy Hill Sports Complex in Halesworth.

Eastern Counties Football League
The Eastern Counties Football League, currently known as the Thurlow Nunn League for sponsorship purposes, is an English football league at levels 9 and 10 of the English football league system. It currently contains clubs from Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, eastern Hertfordshire, southern Lincolnshire, and north and east London. The league is a feeder to Division One North of the Isthmian League, but may also see sides promoted to the Northern Premier League Midlands Division.
Cupra Marittima
Cupra Marittima (Latin: Cupra Maritima) is in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 km (43 mi) southeast of Ancona and about 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Ascoli Piceno.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.