hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minimal prime ideal
In mathematics, especially in commutative algebra, certain prime ideals called minimal prime ideals play an important role in understanding rings and modules.  The notion of height and Krull's principal ideal theorem use minimal prime ideals.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Before the Salt
Before the Salt is a compilation album by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett.  It includes the entire original releases of his first two albums, Down to Earth and High Cumberland Jubilee with the addition of "Richard Frost" to Down to Earth.  It was released on Barnaby/Janus 2 BR-6019 in 1979.

The album has never been issued on compact disc but most of its songs are included on 1993's Before the Beach and all are on the CD releases of Down to Earth and High Cumberland Jubilee.

Before the Beach
Before the Beach is a compilation album by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett.  It includes the entire original releases of his first two albums, Down to Earth and High Cumberland Jubilee except for "The Christian?" and "Ain't He a Genius" (from Down to Earth) but with the addition of "Cumberland High Dilemma" which was recorded for but not included on the original High Cumberland Jubilee album.  Before the Beach was released in May 1993 on MCA 10823 and was the first compact disc of material from Down to Earth and High Cumberland Jubilee.  It is the only collection of those albums' material to appear on the music charts, reaching No. 169 on the Billboard 200 in 1993.
Calcium benzoate
Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid. When used in the food industry as a preservative, its E number is E213 (INS number 213); it is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.

The formulas and structures of calcium carboxylate derivatives of calcium and related metals are complex. Generally the coordination number is eight and the carboxylates form Ca-O bonds. Another variable is the degree of hydration.

Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections, decrease microbial spoilage, and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality.  Some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration, UV-C radiation, freeze-drying, and refrigeration. Chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined.
Classic Malts of Scotland
The Classic Malts of Scotland is a selection of six single malt whiskies, launched and marketed together in 1988 by United Distillers and Vintners which is now owned by Diageo. They are often displayed together in bars and liquor stores. Diageo has since marketed other single malt labels and expressions with the Classic Malts labeling.  The six original malts are:

UDV's regions differ from the more conventional categorisations of Highland (and subregion Island), Lowland, Speyside, Campbeltown, and Islay. The region of West Highland was created to separate between Oban and Dalwhinnie. Talisker is the only distillery on the Isle of Skye, which has never been a whisky region unto itself, but would be in the Island subregion; though this categorisation enabled UDV to include both Talisker and Lagavulin, strongly flavoured malts with strong followings. Campbeltown, a formerly prominent whisky-making region, is not featured in the range.

Single malt Scotch
Single malt Scotch refers to single malt whisky made in Scotland. To qualify for this category, a whisky must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley. Therefore, a single malt means that the whisky has not been blended elsewhere with whisky from other distilleries. As with any Scotch whisky, a single malt Scotch must be distilled in Scotland and matured in oak casks in Scotland for at least three years, although most single malts are matured longer.
The Den
The Den (previously The New Den) is a football stadium in New Cross Gate, south-east London, and the home of Millwall Football Club. The Den is adjacent to the South London railway originating at London Bridge, and a quarter-of-a-mile from the Old Den, which it replaced on September 30, 1993.

Built on a previous site of housing, a church and the Senegal Fields playgrounds, the Den has an all-seated capacity of 20,146, although that is restricted to approximately 18,100 to allow for visiting fans' segregation and crowd safety measures.

The Den is the sixth stadium that Millwall have occupied since their formation in the Millwall area of the Isle of Dogs in 1885. Previous grounds include Glengall Road (1885–1886), Lord Nelson Ground (1886–1890), The Athletic Grounds (1890–1901), North Greenwich (1901–1910) and The Old Den (1910–1993).

Glengall Road
Glengall Road was a football ground on the Isle of Dogs in East London. It was the first home of Millwall – then known as Millwall Rovers – from its foundation in 1885 until 1886, when the club moved to the Lord Nelson Ground in the south of the Island. It is the only ground they played in throughout their history within the district of Millwall.

The ground was a piece of wasteland that was converted into a football pitch, which an estimated 2,000 fans would congregate around. To earn revenue, the club wanted a ground they could enclose to charge supporters, so moved after just one season to the Lord Nelson Ground. The team enjoyed a successful first year, winning 17 of their 24 games. Glengall Road no longer exists, and was redeveloped into Tiller Road and Glengall Grove, with Glengall Bridge dividing them.
Empoli FC
Empoli Football Club is an Italian professional football club based in Empoli, Tuscany. Founded in 1920, the side is part of a select group of Italian football clubs not based in a provincial capital city that have participated in Serie A.

Empoli has spent most of its history in professional football. Empoli competed in European competitions once, in which they were eliminated in the qualification stage of 2007–08 UEFA Cup.

2017–18 Serie B
The 2017–18 Serie B (known as the Serie B ConTe.it for sponsorship reasons) was the 86th season since its establishment in 1929.

A total of 22 teams contested the league: 15 returning from the 2016–17 Serie B season, 4 promoted from 2016–17 Lega Pro (Cremonese, Venezia, Foggia, Parma), and 3 relegated from 2016–17 Serie A (Empoli, Palermo, Pescara).
Italian Taekwondo Federation
The Italian Taekwondo Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Taekwondo or FITA) is the national sports governing body for taekwondo in Italy. It is a member of the Italian National Olympic Committee.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Middle East)
Content from the United States diplomatic cables leak has depicted the United States' opinion of the Middle East-related subjects extensively.  WikiLeaks has published these classified documents, diplomatic cables, between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world. Many previously unknown statements or opinions about a variety of Middle Eastern topics have been revealed.

Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak
This is a list of notable content from the United States diplomatic cables leak that reveals the United States' political opinion towards a variety of international affairs. Beginning on November 28, 2010, WikiLeaks had been publishing classified documents of detailed correspondence—diplomatic cables—between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world. On 1 September 2011, it released all of the Cablegate documents in its possession without redaction.
Gmina Nidzica
Gmina Nidzica is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Nidzica, which lies approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 378.88 square kilometres (146.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 21,485 (out of which the population of Nidzica amounts to 14,761, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,724).

Nidzica County
Nidzica County (Polish: powiat nidzicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Nidzica, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 960.7 square kilometres (370.9 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 33,955, out of which the population of Nidzica is 14,761 and the rural population is 19,194.
Djiboutian Army
The Djiboutian National Army is the largest branch of the Djibouti Armed Forces and is based in the Djiboutian capital of Djibouti. Djibouti has upgraded its Ground Forces with advanced additions from domestic engineering and modifications. It must operate in mountainous and other rugged terrain, but it must do this without affecting the mechanized capability that is needed to confront regional forces.

The official tasks of the armed forces include strengthening the country against external attack, maintaining border security. It is responsible for the defence of mainland Djibouti.

During peacetime the military of Djibouti numbers approximately 9,000 with a reserve force of approximately 7,000

Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
The Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict was a border conflict between the forces of Djibouti and Eritrea that occurred between June 10 and June 13, 2008. It was triggered by tension which began on April 16, 2008, when Djibouti reported that Eritrean armed forces had penetrated into Djibouti and dug trenches on both sides of the border. The crisis deepened when armed clashes broke out between the two armed forces in the border area on June 10, 2008. During the conflict, France provided logistical, medical and intelligence support to Djibouti, but did not participate in direct combat.
Moultrie Commercial Historic District
The Moultrie Commercial Historic District, in Moultrie in Colquitt County, Georgia, is a 48 acres (19 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.  The district is roughly bounded by NE. First Ave., SE. Second Ave., W. First St. and E. Fourth St.  In 1994, the district included 61 contributing buildings and one contributing object.  It also included 17 non-contributing buildings.

The district included three properties which were already separately listed on the National Register:

Colquitt County Courthouse (1902), listed in 1980, designed by A.J. Bryan and Company

Colquitt County Jail (1915), listed in 1980

Carnegie Library of Moultrie (1909), listed in 1982, designed by T.F. Lockwood.

The district includes Colquitt Towers, a former hotel which was called Colquitt Hotel, a four-story Colonial Revival-style building with balustrade and urns on roof and on arched openings.: 7

Colquitt County Courthouse
Colquitt County Courthouse is an historic government building constructed in 1902 and located at Courthouse Square in Moultrie, Georgia, the seat of Colquitt County.

The present Colquitt County Courthouse is the third courthouse to serve Colquitt County.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1980.
Holy Trinity Church, Trowbridge
Holy Trinity Church, Trowbridge is a Grade II* listed 19th-century Church of England church in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, which had parish church status until 2011. It is commonly known in Trowbridge as 'The Church on the Roundabout', as it is encircled by a one-way traffic system.

Trowbridge
Trowbridge (/ˈtroʊbrɪdʒ/ TROH-brij) is the county town of Wiltshire, England, situated on the River Biss in the west of the county, close to the border with Somerset. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Bath, 31 miles (50 km) south-west of Swindon and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Bristol. The parish had a population of 37,169 in 2021.

Long a market town, the Kennet and Avon canal to the north of Trowbridge played an instrumental part in the town's development, as it allowed coal to be transported from the Somerset Coalfield; this marked the advent of steam-powered manufacturing in woollen cloth mills. The town was the foremost centre of woollen cloth production in south-west England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, by which time it held the nickname "The Manchester of the West".

The parish encompasses the settlements of Longfield, Lower Studley, Upper Studley, Studley Green and Trowle Common.
2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's team pursuit
The Women's team sprint at the 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 27 February 2014. 11 nations participated in the contest. After all teams have contested qualifying, the fastest two squads advanced to the final and raced for the gold medal, while the teams ranked third and fourth, raced for the bronze medal.

2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was the World Championships for track cycling in 2014. They took place in Cali, Colombia from 26 February to 2 March 2014 in the Velódromo Alcides Nieto Patiño.
CS Portul Constanța
Club Sportiv Portul Constanța, commonly known as Portul Constanța, or simply as Portul, is a Romanian football club based in Constanța, Constanța County and currently playing in the Liga IV – Constanța County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.

Ștefan Petcu
Ștefan Petcu (born 17 March 1957) is a Romanian retired footballer, who most notably played for Farul Constanţa and Steaua București. On 25 March 2008 he was decorated by the president of Romania, Traian Băsescu with Ordinul "Meritul Sportiv" — (The Order "The Sportive Merit") class II for his part in winning the 1986 European Cup Final.
Ptychotrema mazumbiensis
Ptychotrema mazumbiensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Streptaxidae.

This species is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Streptaxidae
Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade
Stylommatophora.

Streptaxidae are monophyletic while all subfamilies and several genera are polyphyletic.

Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous. All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except  Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.
Haruru, New Zealand
Haruru is a residential and commercial locality in the Far North District of New Zealand. State Highway 11 runs through the locality. Puketona is 10 kilometres west, and Paihia is 4 kilometres east, The name means a continuous noise or roar in the Māori language, which refers to the sound of Haruru Falls, a five metre high broad waterfall about a kilometre away.

Far North District
35°13′30″S 173°30′18″E﻿ / ﻿35.225°S 173.505°E﻿ / -35.225; 173.505

The Far North District is the northernmost territorial authority district of New Zealand, consisting of the northern part of the Northland Peninsula in the North Island. It stretches from North Cape / Otou and Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua in the north, down to the Bay of Islands, the Hokianga and the town of Kaikohe.

The Far North District Council is based in Kaikohe, and has ten ward councillors representing four wards: Te Hiku (in the north), Kaikohe-Hokianga (in the west), Bay of Islands-Whangaroa (in the east) and the district-wide Ngā Tai o Tokerau Māori ward. The council is led by the current mayor of the Far North, Moko Tepania, who entered the role in 2022.
Happisburgh Lighthouse
Happisburgh Lighthouse in Happisburgh  on the North Norfolk coast is the only independently operated lighthouse in Great Britain. It is also the oldest working lighthouse in East Anglia. Historically it was also often called Haisborough or Haisbro' Lighthouse (a more phonetic spelling of the name).

North Norfolk
North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Cromer, and the largest town is North Walsham. The district also includes the towns of Fakenham, Holt, Sheringham, Stalham and Wells-next-the-Sea, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district lies on the north coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea, with much of its coastline lying within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Some south-eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads. The neighbouring districts are Great Yarmouth, Breckland, Broadland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Szamotuły railway station
Szamotuły railway station is a railway station serving the town of Szamotuły, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1848 and is located on the Poznań–Szczecin railway and Szamotuły–Międzychód railway. The train services are operated by PKP and Przewozy Regionalne.

Szamotuły
Szamotuły [ʂamɔˈtuwɨ] (German: Samter, Yiddish: Zamter) is a town in western Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) northwest of the centre of Poznań. It is the seat of Szamotuły County and of the smaller administrative district Gmina Szamotuły. The population was 19,090 in 2011.
Jazze Pha production discography
The following list is a discography of production by Jazze Pha, an American hip hop record producer and recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, artist, album and title.

Tha Carter
Tha Carter is the fourth studio album by American rapper Lil Wayne. It was released on June 29, 2004, by Cash Money Records and Universal Records. The album was produced primarily by Cash Money's former in-house producer Mannie Fresh, before Mannie left the label. A chopped and screwed version of the album was also released in 2004. The album spawned five sequels: Tha Carter II, Tha Carter III, Tha Carter IV, Tha Carter V, and Tha Carter VI.
The album debuted at number five on the US Billboard 200 chart and received favorable reviews from critics, selling 116,000 copies in its first week. "Go D.J." became Wayne's first mainstream hit as a lead artist, reaching the top 15 of the Billboard Hot 100. The album was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in September 2020.
ESOFT Metro Campus
ESOFT Metro Campus (previously known as ESOFT Computer Studies) is a private sector educational institute or college located in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It offers academic and professional qualifications in Computing, Business & Management, Engineering, Hospitality and English. Established in the year 2000, the company today has 40 branches nationwide.  It is headed by Dr. Dayan Rajapakse.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.
Ne Myo Nawrahta
Ne Myo Nawrahta (Burmese: နေမျိုး နော်ရထာ, [nè mjó nɔ̀jətʰà]) was a Konbaung era general who later became the first mayor of Yangon. The general was one of the first Sixty Eight Commanders that Alaungpaya selected to fight in his resistance movement against the southern occupation forces of the Hanthawaddy in 1752. The future general was born Shwe Yi (ရွှေရည်) in a small village of Khin Latt (ခင်လတ်) in the Mu valley in present-day Sagaing Region.

He was appointed mayor of Yangon by Alaungpaya on 24 May 1757 (2nd waning of Waso 1119 ME). The king had just enlarged the former village of Dagon which he captured two years earlier to make it the main port city of his kingdom.

Alaungpaya
Alaungpaya (Burmese: အလောင်းဘုရား, pronounced [ʔəláʊɰ̃ pʰəjá]; also spelled Alaunghpaya or Alaung-Phra; 24 August [O.S. 13 August] 1714 – 11 May 1760) was the founder and first emperor of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. By the time of his death from illness during his campaign in Siam, this former chief of a small village in Upper Burma had unified Burma, subdued Manipur, conquered Lan Na and launched successful attacks against the French and  British East India companies who had given help to the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. He added settlements around Dagon, and called the enlarged town Yangon.

He is considered one of the three greatest monarchs of Burma alongside Anawrahta and Bayinnaung for unifying Burma for the third time in Burmese history.