hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Plummer
Francis Allan Plummer OC OM FRSC (2 December 1952 – 4 February 2020) was a Canadian scientist, academic and HIV/AIDS researcher. He was "a recognized specialist in infectious diseases whose work influenced public health policy in Canada and abroad". He was Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Medical Microbiology at the University of Manitoba and Scientific Director General, National Microbiology Laboratory.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Virginia State Route 154
State Route 154 (SR 154) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 1.92 miles (3.09 km) over two sections within the independent city of Covington. SR 154's 1.31-mile (2.11 km) southern section connects Interstate 64 (I-64) with Locust Street. The 0.61-mile (0.98 km) northern segment connects Lexington Avenue with U.S. Route 60 (US 60) and US 220.

Interstate 64 in Virginia
Interstate 64 (I-64) in the US state of Virginia runs east–west through the middle of the state from West Virginia to the Hampton Roads region, for a total of 299 miles (481 km). From the West Virginia state line to Chesapeake, it passes through the major cities of Lexington, Staunton, Charlottesville, the state capital of Richmond, Newport News, Hampton, and Norfolk. It is notable for crossing the mouth of the harbor of Hampton Roads on the Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel (HRBT), the first bridge–tunnel to incorporate artificial islands, concurrent with U.S. Route 60 (US 60). Also noteworthy is a section through Rockfish Gap, a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which was equipped with an innovative system of airport-style runway lighting embedded into the pavement to aid motorists during periods of poor visibility due to fog or other conditions.
1998 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1998 Dallas Cowboys season was the Cowboys' 39th season in the National Football League (NFL). The Cowboys were looking to improve on their 6–10 mark from the year before and head to the Super Bowl for the fourth time in the 1990s.

After the previous season, head coach Barry Switzer resigned after four seasons in which he led the Cowboys to the playoffs three times and won Super Bowl XXX. Chan Gailey, who had been offensive coordinator with the Pittsburgh Steelers, was hired as his replacement.

The Cowboys did manage to record a 10–6 record and once again win the NFC East as they had done in the five seasons prior to 1997. However, the Cowboys did not advance beyond the Wild Card round as they were upset by the Arizona Cardinals, who had not won a playoff game since 1947, when the franchise was based in Chicago. The Cowboys would not win another NFC East title until 2007.

NFC East
The National Football Conference – Eastern Division or NFC East  is one of the four divisions of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). It has four members: the Dallas Cowboys, New York Giants, Philadelphia Eagles, and Washington Commanders.

The division was formed in 1967 as the National Football League Capitol Division and acquired its current name in 1970 following the AFL–NFL merger. The NFC East is currently the only division in the league in which all four current teams have not only won at least one Super Bowl, but also at least two. With 14 Super Bowl titles, the NFC East is currently the most successful division in the NFL during the Super Bowl era, with the AFC West second with ten titles. The Dallas Cowboys have the most Super Bowl titles in the division, winning five. The New York Giants have won four, the Washington Commanders have three, and the Philadelphia Eagles have two Super Bowl victories.
Kalicharan Sonkar
Kalicharan Sonkar is an Indian politician and activist for the Dalit people who is the Leader of Samajwadi Party. He was a co-founder of the Indian Justice Party with his brother Dr. Udit Raj  and was State President that party.

Kalicharan Sonkar is a former Member of the  Legislative Assembly from Chanbbey Constituency of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. He joined the Samajwadi Party in April 2014.

Udit Raj
Udit Raj (born 1 January 1958) is an Indian politician and retired Indian Revenue Service officer who is a member of the Indian National Congress. He was a member of parliament between 2014 and 2019 in the Lok Sabha, representing North West Delhi as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party but left the party after its first term. Before joining the politics, he was a civil servant and a former Deputy Commissioner, Joint Commissioner and Additional Commissioner of Income Tax at New Delhi.

Raj is also the national chairman of the  Confederation of Dalit, OBC, Minorities and Adivasi organisations (DOMA Parisangh).
2022 Swiss referendums
Federal referendums were held in Switzerland on 13 February, 15 May and 25 September 2022. Swiss referendums take three forms: popular initiatives, which are citizen proposals to create a new law and require 100,000 valid signatures on a petition to get on the ballot; facultative or optional referendums, which are citizen proposals to approve or reject a piece of existing law and require 50,000 valid signatures on a petition to get on the ballot; and mandatory referendums, which are required to revise the constitution, join an international organization or introduce emergency federal legislation for over a year.

Popular initiative in Switzerland
A popular initiative (German: Volksinitiative, French: initiative populaire, Italian: iniziativa popolare, Romansh: iniziativa dal pievel) allows people to suggest laws on a federal, cantonal, and municipal level.

On a federal level it may only change the federal constitution, not propose an ordinary law. Along with the popular referendum and in some cantons recall elections, it is a form of direct democracy.
Karataş (Tram İzmir)
Karataş is a light-rail station on the Konak Tram of the Tram İzmir system in İzmir, Turkey. It is located along the Mustafa Kemal Coastal Boulevard in Karataş, Konak. The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks.

Karataş station opened on 24 March 2018.

Konak, İzmir
Konak is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 24 km2, and its population is 332,277 (2022). It is the most densely populated of the thirty districts of İzmir, and has historically acted as the administrative and economic core of the city. Situated in an area that roughly corresponds to the geographic center of İzmir, Konak extends for 11.4 kilometres (7 miles) along the southern coastline of the Gulf of İzmir. Konak district area neighbors the district areas of Bornova to the east, Balçova to the west and Buca and Karabağlar to the south. Konak center is connected to other districts of İzmir and beyond by a dense network of roads and railroads, as well as by a subway line currently being largely extended and by ferry services to Karşıyaka. Konak is a very active hub of industry, trade, commerce and services, with the number of companies exceeding sixty thousand and its exports nearing two billion US dollars in 2006.
Charlie Handsome
Ryan Vojtesak, known professionally as Charlie Handsome, is an American record producer and songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia. Vojtesak has been credited on albums for artists including BigXthaPlug, Post Malone, Khalid, Drake, Kanye West, Travis Scott, The Weeknd, Young Thug, Juice WRLD, Chance the Rapper, Kodak Black, Sam Hunt, and Morgan Wallen.

BigXthaPlug
Xavier Landum (born May 12, 1998), better known by his stage name BigXthaPlug, is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer. Signed to UnitedMasters of Brooklyn, New York, he first rose to prominence for songs including "Texas" and "Mmhmm".
Jonathan Pitney
Dr. Jonathan Pitney (October 2 or 27 or 29, 1797 – August 7, 1869), considered the Father of Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States, was a physician who promoted Absecon Island as a healing seashore resort.

Absecon, New Jersey
Absecon (/æbˈsiːkɪn/, ab-SEE-kin) is a city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 9,137, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 726 (+8.6%) from the 2010 census count of 8,411, which in turn reflected an increase of 773 (+10.1%) from the 7,638 counted in the 2000 census.
Siberian agriculture
Agriculture in Siberia was started many millennia ago by peoples indigenous to the region. While these native Siberians had little more than "digging sticks" called mattocks instead of ploughs at their disposal, Siberian agriculture would develop through the centuries until millions of Russian farmers were settled there, reaping significant bounties off this huge expanse of land stretching from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

Tobol
The Tobol (Russian: Тобол) is a river in Western Siberia (in Kazakhstan and Russia) and the main (left) tributary of the Irtysh. Its length is 1,591 km (989 mi), and the area of its drainage basin is 426,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi).
Margaret Chan
Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun (born 21 August 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician and politician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China from 2006 to 2017. Chan previously served as Director of Health in the Hong Kong Government (1994–2003) and representative of the WHO Director-General for Pandemic Influenza and WHO Assistant Director-General for Communicable Diseases (2003–2006). In 2014, Forbes ranked her as the 30th most powerful woman in the world.  In early 2018 she joined the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

She was widely criticized for her handling of the 1997 H5N1 avian influenza outbreak and the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, and for her frequent travels while serving as Director-General of the WHO.

Director-General of the World Health Organization
The director-general of the World Health Organization is the chief executive officer of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the principal advisor to the United Nations on matters pertaining to global health. The director general is elected  by and answers to the World Health Assembly (WHA). The current director-general is Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who was appointed on 1 July 2017, and re-appointed on 24 May 2022. The director-general also leads the World Health Organization Secretariat and is also the ex officio secretary of the World Health Assembly, the World Health Organization Executive Board, and of all commissions and committees, and conferences convened by the organization.
Soviet minesweeper T-117
T-117 was a minesweeper of the Soviet Navy during World War II and the Cold War. She had originally been built as USS Arch (AM-144), an Admirable-class minesweeper, for the United States Navy during World War II, but never saw active service in the U.S. Navy. Upon completion she was transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease as T-117; she was never returned to the United States. The ship was renamed several times in Soviet service and was scrapped on 19 September 1967. Because of the Cold War, the U.S. Navy was unaware of this fate and the vessel remained on the American Naval Vessel Register until she was struck on 1 January 1983.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.
Robbins Island (Antarctica)
Robbins Island (64°47′S 64°27′W﻿ / ﻿64.783°S 64.450°W﻿ / -64.783; -64.450) is one of the southwestern Joubin Islands, off the southwest coast of Anvers Island. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Stephen H. Robbins, Jr., an Able Seaman in the R.V. Hero in her first voyage to Antarctica in 1968.

Joubin Islands
The Joubin Islands are a group of small islands lying 6 kilometres (3 nmi) south-west of Cape Monaco, Anvers Island, at the south-western end of the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The islands were discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Louis Joubin, the French naturalist.  They have been designated a Restricted Zone under ASMA 7 — Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin — which includes the marine area extending 50 metres (55 yd) from the shorelines.
Gerard B. Dillon
Gerard B. Dillon (c.1905 – 3 December 1962) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1960 to 1961. He was elected to the 9th Seanad at a by-election on 1 November 1960, replacing Patrick Teehan on the Administrative Panel. He did not contest the 1961 election.

He served as Mayor of Limerick from 1949 to 1950.

9th Seanad
The 9th Seanad was in office from 1957 to 1961. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1957 general election to the 16th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 10th Seanad in 1961.

On 16 May 1957, Seán Moylan was appointed as Minister for Agriculture. He was the first senator appointed as a minister since the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937. Moyland died on 16 November 1957.
Dante Martin
Dante Martin (born March 3, 2001) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a member of Sky Flight and its sub-group Top Flight.

All Elite Wrestling casino matches
As part of a general theme, the American professional wrestling promotion All Elite Wrestling utilises various casino-themed matches: the Casino Battle Royale, a 21-man rumble-rules battle royal; the Casino Ladder Match, a nine-man ladder match where the prize – a large poker chip suspended above the ring – signifies a future AEW World Championship opportunity; and the Casino Gauntlet match, a gauntlet match where entrants gradually fill the ring and the first participant to score a pinfall or submission wins the gauntlet.
Idar Assembly constituency
Idar is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Sabarkantha district, numbered as 28-Idar and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

Gujarat Legislative Assembly
The Gujarat Legislative Assembly (ISO: Gujārāt Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat, in the state capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from single-member constituencies (seats). It has a term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes.  From its majority party group or by way of a grand coalition cabinet of its prominent members, the state's Executive namely the Government of Gujarat is formed.

Since 1995, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly has been controlled by the Bharatiya Janata Party with an absolute majority in the House.
Moinuddin Khan (musician)
Ustad Moinuddin Khan was an Indian classical instrumentalist and vocalist, who played sarangi. Based in Jaipur, he belonged to the Jaipur gharana of Hindustani classical music.

Khan has performed his music for All India Radio, Jaipur, in solo programmes. In 2014, the Government of India conferred upon him its fourth-highest civilian award, the Padma Shri.

Ustad Moinuddin Khan and his family have been carrying this tradition for generations with his son, Shri Momin Khan, being the 8th generation to play Sarangi at the highest level and touring the world.

Jaipur-Atrauli gharana
The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana (also known as Jaipur Gharana, Atrauli-Jaipur Gharana, and Alladiyakhani Gayaki) is a Hindustani music apprenticeship fraternity (gharana), founded by Alladiya Khan in the late-19th century. Evolved from the dhrupad tradition of the Atrauli and Dagarbani lineages, but known for khayal, this gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Laxmibai Jadhav, Mogubai Kurdikar, Mallikarjun Mansur, Shruti Sadolikar, Dhondutai Kulkarni, and Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctive vocal aesthetics, raga repertoire, and technical aptitude.
Hadrien David
Hadrien David (born 26 February 2004) is a French racing driver who currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship in the LMGT3 class for Akkodis ASP Team. He previously competed in the Le Mans Cup for R-ace GP where he won the 2025 title alongside Hugo Schwarze. David was the youngest FIA Formula 4 Champion when he won the French F4 Championship in 2019, at the age of 15. He was the 2021 Formula Regional European runner-up.

Alpine Academy
The Alpine Academy, formerly known as the RF1 Driver Programme, Renault Driver Development and Renault Sport Academy, is a driver development programme to support young racing drivers through their careers. The programme was created by Renault F1 in 2002.

In 2011, the programme was renamed LRGP Academy, following the rebranding of the team to "Lotus Renault GP". In 2012, the programme was renamed Lotus F1 Team iRace Professional Programme and 2013–2015, the programme was renamed Lotus F1 Junior Team. In 2021, the programme was renamed Alpine Academy after the rebranding of the Renault F1 team into Alpine F1 Team. In March 2022, the Alpine Affiliates programme was launched as a support to drivers starting their motorsport careers, and is intended to be a feeder for the Alpine Academy. However, it was merged into Alpine Academy at the start of 2023.
Mu Hydrae
μ Hydrae, Latinised as Mu Hydrae, is a solitary, orange-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.83. Positioned just 1.8° to the south-southwest is the planetary nebula NGC 3242. Mu Hydrae has an annual parallax shift of 13.93 mas, which yields a distance estimate of 234 light years.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III, having used up its core hydrogen and has expanded to around 45 times the radius of the Sun. It is a suspected variable star, with a brightness that varies about 0.03 in magnitude. The relatively cool outer atmosphere has an effective temperature of 3999 K.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
Memorial Neuer Börneplatz
The Neuer Börneplatz Memorial Site, also called Börneplatz Memorial Site, in Frankfurt am Main commemorates the Jewish community of Frankfurt that was massacred in the Holocaust. It was opened to the public on 16 June 1996.

Its most important element is the outer wall of the Old Jewish Cemetery Battonnstraße with a frieze of 11,908 memorial name blocks, paying individual tribute to victims of the Schoa. The second major element is the Neuer Börneplatz between the cemetery's wall and the Rechneigrabenstraße.

Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people by a state from its sovereign territory. The actual definition changes depending on the place and context, and it also changes over time. A person who has been deported or is under sentence of deportation is called a deportee.
SceneKit
SceneKit, sometimes rendered Scene Kit, is a 3D graphics application programming interface (API) for Apple Inc. platforms written in Objective-C. It is a high-level framework designed to provide an easy-to-use layer over the lower level APIs like OpenGL and Metal. SceneKit maintains an object based scene graph, along with a physics engine, particle system, and links to Core Animation and other frameworks to easily animate that display. SceneKit views can be mixed with other views, for instance, allowing a SpriteKit 2D display to be mapped onto the surface of an object in SceneKit, or a UIBezierPath from Core Graphics to define the geometry of a SceneKit object. SceneKit also supports import and export of 3D scenes using the COLLADA format. SceneKit was first released for macOS in 2012, and iOS in 2014.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
Pyur
Pyur, Pyowr, Piwr, or P'ywr (uppercase: Փ, lowercase: փ; Armenian: փյուր; Classical Armenian: փիւր) is the 35th letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the aspirated voiceless bilabial stop (/pʰ/). Its capital form is homoglyphic to the Cyrillic letter Ef, the Greek letter Phi, and the IPA symbol for the voiceless bilabial fricative. The lowercase form is the letter Tyun with two additional vertical lines jutting on the top and the bottom. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a value of 8000 as an Armenian numeral.

Armenian numerals
Armenian numerals form a historic numeral system created using the majuscules (uppercase letters) of the Armenian alphabet.

There was no notation for zero in the old system, and the numeric values for individual letters were added together. The principles behind this system are the same as for the ancient Greek numerals and Hebrew numerals. In modern Armenia, the familiar Arabic numerals are used. In contemporary writing, Armenian numerals are used more or less like Roman numerals in modern English, e.g. Գարեգին Բ. means Garegin II and Գ. գլուխ means Chapter III (as a headline).

The final two letters of the Armenian alphabet, "o" (Օ) and "fe" (Ֆ), were added to the Armenian alphabet only after Arabic numerals were already in use, to facilitate transliteration of other languages. Thus, they sometimes have a numerical value assigned to them.