hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theories of truth
Theories of truth aim to identify what all truths have in common. They seek to clarify the role and concept of truth and discern its essential features. Different theories disagree about what those features are, whether they depend on the domain of analysis, and whether truth has a substantive definition.

Simulacrum
A simulacrum (pl.: simulacra or simulacrums, from Latin simulacrum, meaning "likeness, semblance") is a representation or imitation of a person or thing. The word was first recorded in the English language in the late 16th century, used to describe a representation, such as a statue or a painting, especially of a god. By the late 19th century, it had gathered a secondary association of inferiority: an image without the substance or qualities of the original. Literary critic Fredric Jameson offers photorealism as an example of artistic simulacrum, in which a painting is created by copying a photograph that is itself a copy of the real thing. Other art forms that play with simulacra include trompe-l'œil, pop art, Italian neorealism, and French New Wave.
Aguikchuk, Alaska
Aguikchuk is a former Yup'ik settlement and ghost town in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. It was located on east bank of Kolavinarak River. The site is approximately 10 miles east of the city of Nightmute. It was visited by E. W. Nelson, U.S. Signal Service in December 1878, its name reported by him was "Agiukchugamute," that is, "people of Agiukchuk." It was last noted on the census of 1940, although the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS) reported in 1949 that the village was abandoned and the site, often used for a fish camp, is now called "Monrak" or "Monroke." However, the 1954 USGS topographical map of Aguikchuk (Baird Inlet quadrangle) showed these as two separate places, with the site of "Monrak" being a mile to the north. Present aerial maps show there is nothing left at the site as of 2019, though it is still labeled as Aguikchuk on Google Maps.

Bethel Census Area, Alaska
Bethel Census Area is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population is 18,666, up from 17,013 in 2010. It is part of the unorganized borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community is the city of Bethel, which is also the largest city in the unorganized borough.
Saginaw Aquifer
The Saginaw Aquifer is a bedrock aquifer located in central Michigan in the United States.  It is part of an aquifer system found in Mississippian or younger stratigraphic units in the Michigan Basin. The aquifer covers approximately 11,000 square miles (28,000 km2) and is estimated to contain 4 cubic miles (17 km3) of water, approximately 50 feet (15 m) to 400 feet (120 m) underground.

The aquifer contains both fresh water and salt water. In areas of the aquifer where fresh water is present, it is a primary source of municipal water, including in Clinton, Ingham and Eaton counties, encompassing the Lansing-East Lansing Metropolitan Area. Only about 0.03 percent of the aquifer is used for drinking, while the rest is for domestic and industrial use.

Michigan Basin
The Michigan Basin is a geologic basin centered on the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The feature is represented by a nearly circular pattern of geologic sedimentary strata in the area with a nearly uniform structural dip toward the center of the peninsula.
TVR 350SE
The TVR 350SE is a sports car designed and built by TVR starting in 1990 and ending in 1991.  
In 1990 TVR Engineering Limited produced a limited production run of 25 specially prepared 350's to mark the end of the era heralded by the 350i. This commemorated the previous 7 years of production during which time over a thousand 350i-model TVRs were manufactured.
The limited production 350SE was seen as the ultimate progression of the 350i in terms of both outright performance and enjoyment.

All 350SEs featured a 3.9 litre NCK hotwire Rover V8 all-alloy engine, polished multi-spoke alloy wheels and Koni adjustable shock absorbers.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
CF Montañesa
Club de Futbol Montañesa is a Spanish football team based in Barcelona in the district of Nou Barris, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1927, it plays in the Tercera Federación – Group 5, holding home games at Camp Municipal de Nou Barris, with a capacity of 2,500 seats.

Nou Barris
Nou Barris (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈnɔw ˈβaris], lit. "nine neighbourhoods") is one of the ten districts into which Barcelona has been officially divided since 1984. The name refers to the original nine neighbourhoods it was composed of, even though nowadays it is made up of thirteen. It covers an area of 8.04 km2.

It is located in the northern part of the city adjacent to two other districts of Barcelona: Sant Andreu and Horta-Guinardó and grew up extensively out of small urbanised areas near the former municipalities of Sant Joan d'Horta and Sant Andreu de Palomar (now neighbourhoods of Barcelona) in the 20th century, especially from the 1950s on. The district council is located in a former mental institution, the Institut Mental de la Santa Creu.
2-Methoxybenzaldehyde
2-Methoxybenzaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH3OC6H4CHO.  It is also commonly referred to as o-anisaldehyde. As a methylated version of salicylaldehyde, the molecule consists of a benzene ring with adjacent formyl and a methoxy groups.  It is a colorless solid with a pleasant aroma.  The related isomer 4-anisaldehyde is better known, being a commercial flavorant. 2-Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by formylation of anisole.

It is used to produce 25I-NBOMe.

Anisole
Anisole, or methoxybenzene, is an organic compound with the formula CH3OC6H5.  It is a colorless liquid with a smell reminiscent of anise seed, and in fact many of its derivatives are found in natural and artificial fragrances. The compound is mainly made synthetically and is a precursor to other synthetic compounds. Structurally, it is an ether (−O−) with a methyl (−CH3) and phenyl (−C6H5) group attached.  Anisole is a standard reagent of both practical and pedagogical value.
Cognitive walkthrough
The cognitive walkthrough method is a usability inspection method used to identify usability issues in interactive systems, focusing on how easy it is for new users to accomplish tasks with the system. A cognitive walkthrough is task-specific, whereas heuristic evaluation takes a holistic view to catch problems not caught by this and other usability inspection methods.
The method is rooted in the notion that users typically prefer to learn a system by using it to accomplish tasks, rather than, for example, studying a manual. The method is prized for its ability to generate results quickly with low cost, especially when compared to usability testing, as well as the ability to apply the method early in the design phases before coding even begins (which happens less often with usability testing).

Heuristic evaluation
A heuristic evaluation is a usability inspection method for computer software that helps to identify usability problems in the user interface design. It specifically involves evaluators examining the interface and judging its compliance with recognized usability principles (the "heuristics").  These evaluation methods are now widely taught and practiced in the new media sector, where user interfaces are often designed in a short space of time on a budget that may restrict the amount of money available to provide for other types of interface testing.
Fly Synthesis Catalina
The Fly Synthesis Catalina NG is an Italian ultralight and light-sport amphibious flying boat, designed and produced by Fly Synthesis, introduced at the Aero show held in Friedrichshafen in 2010. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Locrian mode
The Locrian mode is the seventh mode of the major scale. It is either a musical mode or simply a diatonic scale. On the piano, it is the scale that starts with B and only uses the white keys from there on up to the next higher B. Its ascending form consists of the key note, then: Half step, whole step, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, whole step.

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Minor scale
A minor scale is a sequence of musical notes in which the third scale degree is a minor third above the tonic. The notes A–B–C–D–E–F–G form a prototypical minor scale.

There are three common types of minor scales: the natural minor scale, the melodic minor scale, and the harmonic minor scale. The Aeolian, Phrygian, and Dorian modes are also examples of minor scales.
Wickham St. Paul
Wickham St Paul is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) north of Halstead, its post town. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 292.

The village, in which some of the houses surround a large open green (with cricket pitch and swings), contains a church, a public house, a part-time post office and a grocery store, part of a large farm shop and pick-your-own establishment. A postmill was demolished in 1914.

Halstead
Halstead is a town and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It lies on the River Colne, 6 miles (10 km) north-east of Braintree and 12 miles (19 km) north-west of Colchester. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 13,529. It is twinned with Haubourdin in the Nord department of France.
Donald Ferrell
Donald Ferrell is an American politician and journalist who served as a Republican member of the Oklahoma Senate between 1966 and 1974, as the minority leader of the Oklahoma Senate between 1972 and 1974, and as 14th Adjutant General of Oklahoma from 1987 to 1991.

Adjutant General of Oklahoma
The Adjutant General of Oklahoma is the highest-ranking military official in the state of Oklahoma, subordinate only to the Governor of Oklahoma. The highest officer of the Oklahoma National Guard, the Adjutant General is the principal advisor to the Governor on military affairs and the head of the Oklahoma Military Department as the Secretary of the Military.

The current state adjutant general of Oklahoma is Major General Thomas H. Mancino.  Mancino was appointed by Governor Kevin Stitt on November 10, 2021.
Firmin Baes
Firmin Baes (18 April 1874 – 4 December 1943) was a Belgian painter, pastel artist, draughtsman and print designer.  His subject matter ranged from still lifes, genre scenes, portraits, nudes, landscapes and interiors.  He became particularly skilled in working in pastel, a medium he used almost exclusively after 1900. He published in 1941 an illustrated booklet entitled Histoires de peintres racontées et illustrées par Firmin Baes containing anecdotes relating to painters and their work.

Émile Fabry
Emile Fabry (1865–1966) was a Belgian artist and painter in the Symbolist style.

Fabry was born in Verviers. He was a student of Jean-François Portaels. Some of his famous works are the decorative mosaics in the Cinquanteniare of Brussels. During his career, he worked with Victor Horta, and he created the decorations in the Hotel Solvay.

During World War I, he sought refuge in St Ives, Cornwall.

Fabry died in 1966 at the age of 101.
2016 Reading Borough Council election
The 2016 Reading Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2016 to elect members of Reading Borough Council in England. The election for Police and Crime Commissioner was held on the same day. The Labour Party increased their borough-wide vote by over 7% and held on to marginal seats in Church, Kentwood and Caversham, the latter receiving the highest number of votes recorded for any candidate at this election .

After the election, the composition of the council was:

2016 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections
Elections of police and crime commissioners in England and Wales were held on 5 May 2016.

The elections were for 40 of the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales using the supplementary vote system; the two police forces of Greater London are not involved (the elected Mayor of London is classed as the police and crime commissioner for the Metropolitan Police District, while the Court of Common Council fulfils the role for the City of London Police). There was no election for the Greater Manchester Police as the role of police and crime commissioner was due to be abolished in 2017 and replaced with the directly elected Mayor of Greater Manchester. Elections for police and crime commissioners do not take place in Scotland or Northern Ireland as policing and justice powers are devolved to the Scottish Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly.

This was the second time police and crime commissioner elections had been held.
Košice II
Košice II (Hungarian: Kassai II. járás) is a district in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia, in the city of Košice. It is bordered by the Košice I, Košice IV and Košice-okolie districts. Until 1920, the district was part of the Hungarian county of Abaúj-Torna.

Košice-okolie District
Košice–okolie District (okres Košice–okolie; Hungarian: Kassa-vidéki járás, lit. 'Košice-Surroundings') is a district in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia. It surrounds the city of Košice, which serves as the district seat although it does not belong to the district.
Mochibun kaisha
Mochibun kaisha (持分会社) are a class of corporations under Japanese law. While mochibun kaisha have legal personality as corporations, their internal functions are similar to partnerships, as they are both owned and operated by a single group of members (社員, shain).

Partnership
A partnership is an agreement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.
Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2005
The 2005 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced on 26 January 2006. It was the thirteenth such countdown of the most popular songs of the year, according to listeners of the Australian radio station Triple J.

The broadcast began at 10am AEDT and finished a little before 7pm when the top song was announced.   Broadcast live from the Sydney Big Day Out from 12pm AEDT, it regularly crossed to winning artists and listeners around Australia.

Voters were limited to 20 votes each – 10 via SMS (charged at 30c per message) and 10 via the Internet (at no charge).

Wolfmother had the most entries in the countdown with six, at that point the most by an artist in a single countdown. Their record was not equalled until the 2022 countdown 17 years later, by Spacey Jane, and was not surpassed until the following 2023 countdown, by G Flip.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2023
The 2023 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced on 27 January 2024. It was the 31st annual countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as voted for by listeners of Australian youth radio station Triple J. The day after, the Hottest 200 was broadcast, counting down songs 200–101. Merchandise sales from the event support youth mental health organisation Headspace.

American rapper and singer Doja Cat's song "Paint the Town Red" was voted into number one, while Australian musician G Flip scored the most entries, with seven, a record for the most entries in a single Triple J Hottest 100 countdown, previously held by Wolfmother for 18 years and equalled by Spacey Jane the year prior. Their highest entry was "The Worst Person Alive", which placed at number two. Over 2.3 million votes were counted.
Johnston ministry
The Johnston ministry was the combined Cabinet (formally the Executive Council of British Columbia) that governed British Columbia from April 2, 1991, to November 5, 1991. It was led by Rita Johnston, the 29th premier of British Columbia, and consisted of members of the Social Credit Party.

The Johnston ministry was in office for the last seven months of the 34th Parliament of British Columbia. Johnston was Deputy Premier of British Columbia in the preceding Vander Zalm ministry; following Bill Vander Zalm's resignation, the Social Credit caucus selected her to be the interim leader (and thus premier) while the party could organize a leadership convention. Johnston successfully stood for the permanent leadership. She was the first woman to serve as a first minister in Canada.

Following the 1991 election, which the Social Credit Party lost, the ministry was replaced by the Harcourt ministry.

Executive Council of British Columbia
The Executive Council of British Columbia (the Cabinet) is the Cabinet of the Canadian province of British Columbia. Almost always composed of members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, the Cabinet is similar in structure and role as the federal Cabinet of Canada is to the Canadian House of Commons.

Executive power is vested in the Crown: the lieutenant governor of British Columbia, as representative of the Crown, exercises executive power on the advice of the Cabinet as the lieutenant governor in Council. Members of the Cabinet are selected by the premier of British Columbia, who chairs the Cabinet.
Bogdana Monastery
Bogdana Monastery is a Romanian Orthodox monastery in the town of Rădăuți, northern Romania. Its church is the oldest still standing religious building in Moldavia. The monastery was built by Bogdan I of Moldavia (1359–1365) sometime around 1360.

Alexander the Good
Alexander I, commonly known as Alexander the Good (Romanian: Alexandru cel Bun; Romanian: [alekˈsandru t͡ʃel bun] ⓘ; c. 1375 – 1 January 1432) was Voivode of Moldavia between 1400 and 1432. He was the son of Roman I and succeeded Iuga to the throne. As ruler he initiated a series of reforms while consolidating the status of the Principality of Moldavia.
Lake Yanisyarvi
Lake Yanisyarvi (Russian: Янисъярви; Finnish: Jänisjärvi) is a lake in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located north of and draining to Lake Ladoga.

The basin of this somewhat circular lake was formed by meteorite impact 700±5 million years ago during the Cryogenian period. The crater is 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) in diameter.

Prior to World War II, the lake was thought to be the second known volcanic caldera in Finland (the other was Lake Lappajärvi). Both were eventually recognized as impact craters.

Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake in Russia after Lake Baikal, and the 14th largest lake by area in the world. It is comparable in size to Lake Ontario. Ladoga Lacus, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake.
Malcolm Adiseshiah
Malcolm Sathiyanathan Adiseshiah (18 April 1910 – 21 November 1994), was an Indian development economist and educator.  In 1976 he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award. In 1998, UNESCO created the Malcolm Adiseshiah International Literacy Prize in recognition of his contribution to education and literacy. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India, in 1978.

Report
A report is a document or a statement that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. Although summaries of reports may be delivered orally, complete reports are usually given in the form of written documents. Typically reports relay information that was found or observed. The credible report enhances the previous beliefs while dishonest information can question the agency preparing the report. Reports from IPCC as IPCC reports, World Health Report and Global Gender Gap Report from World Economic Forums are few examples of reports highlighting important worldly affairs.
Paracleocnemis
Paracleocnemis is a genus of Argentinian running crab spiders that was first described by R. D. Schiapelli & B. S. Gerschman in 1942. As of June 2019 it contains only two species, found only in Argentina: P. apostoli and P. termalis.

Philodromidae
Philodromidae, also known as  philodromid crab spiders and running crab spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell in 1870 (then known as subfamily Philodrominae within Thomisidae). It contains over 500 species in about thirty genera.

The most common genus is Philodromus which is widespread, similar to Ebo. Other common genera include the elongate grass-dwelling Tibellus and the widespread Thanatus, which includes the house crab spider that commonly captures flies on and in buildings.
Thomas Alphonsus O'Callaghan
Thomas Alphonsus O’Callaghan (9 May 1839 – 14 June 1916) was an Irish Roman Catholic bishop who was born and died in Cork.

O'Callaghan was educated at Minerva College, Rome and ordained a Dominican priest in 1863. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD). He became Prior of St Clement's, Rome in 1881. William Delany, Bishop of Cork preferred successor was the Dean of Cork, Henry Neville but he was viewed unfavourably by Thomas Croke, the Archbishop of Cashel and O'Callaghan was selected. He was consecrated coadjutor bishop of Cork in 1884 before succeeding in 1886. He died in post in 1916.

Bishop of Cork
The Bishop of Cork was a separate episcopal title which took its name after the city of Cork in Ireland. The title is now united with other bishoprics. In the Church of Ireland it is held by the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, and in the Roman Catholic Church it is held by the Bishop of Cork and Ross.
Marine mammal park
A marine mammal park (also known as marine animal park and sometimes oceanarium) is a commercial theme park or aquarium where marine mammals such as dolphins, beluga whales and sea lions are kept within water tanks and displayed to the public in special shows. A marine mammal park is more elaborate than a dolphinarium, because it also features other marine mammals and offers additional entertainment attractions. It is thus seen as a combination of a public aquarium and an amusement park. Marine mammal parks are different from marine parks, which include natural reserves and marine wildlife sanctuaries such as coral reefs, particularly in Australia.

Captivity (animal)
Animal captivity is the confinement of domestic and wild animals. More specifically, animals that are held by humans and prevented from escaping are said to be in captivity. The term animal captivity is usually applied to wild animals that are held in confinement, but this term may also be used generally to describe the keeping of domesticated animals such as livestock or pets. This may include, for example, animals in farms, private homes, zoos, aquariums, public aquariums and laboratories. Animal captivity may be categorized according to the particular motives, objectives, and conditions of the confinement.