hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hive frame
A hive frame or honey frame is a structural element in a beehive that holds the honeycomb or brood comb within the hive enclosure or box. The hive frame is a key part of the modern movable-comb hive. It can be removed in order to inspect the bees for disease or to extract the excess honey.

Brood comb
The brood comb is the beeswax structure of cells where the queen bee lays eggs. It is the part of the beehive where a new brood is raised by the colony. During the summer season, a typical queen may lay 1500-2000 eggs per day, which results in 1500-2000 bees hatching after the three-week development period.

The brood comb is usually found in the lower part of the beehive, while the honeycomb may surround the brood area and is found exclusively in the honey supers. When a queen does not have enough brood comb to lay eggs, usually due to congestion from pollen or honey, the bee colony may be more prone to swarm.
Galantamine total synthesis
The article concerns the total synthesis of galanthamine, a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

The natural source of galantamine are certain species of daffodil and because these species are scarce and because the isolation of galanthamine from daffodil is expensive (a 1996 figure specifies 50,000 US dollar per kilogram, the yield from daffodil is 0.1–0.2% dry weight) alternative synthetic sources are under development by means of total synthesis.

Enantioselective synthesis
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."

Put more simply: it is the synthesis of a compound by a method that favors the formation of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have opposite configurations at every chiral center. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ at one or more chiral centers.

Enantioselective synthesis is a key process in modern chemistry and is particularly important in the field of pharmaceuticals, as the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity.
José Luis Ábalos
José Luis Ábalos Meco (born 9 December 1959) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Development (of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda since 2020) from 2018 to 2021, in the cabinets chaired by Pedro Sánchez. He also served as member of the Congress of Deputies from 2009 to 2026.

A long-time member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Ábalos was expelled from the party in 2024 for his involvement in a corruption scandal (the Koldo case) during his time as minister. He was also the Secretary of Organization of his party from 2017 to 2021. On 27 November 2025, he entered prison to serve the preventive detention ordered by the Supreme Court of Spain in a ruling issued in the context of the criminal investigations to which he is subject. He is the first serving congressman to be incarcerated since the Spanish transition to democracy.

Valencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)
Valencia (Valencian: València) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects 16 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Valencia. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.
Gravity train
A gravity train is a theoretical means of transportation for purposes of commuting between two points on the surface of a sphere, by following a straight tunnel connecting the two points through the interior of the sphere.

In a large body such as a planet, this train could be left to accelerate using just the force of gravity, since during the first half of the trip (from the point of departure until the middle), the downward pull towards the center of gravity would pull it towards the destination. During the second half of the trip, the acceleration would be in the opposite direction relative to the trajectory, but, ignoring the effects of friction, the momentum acquired during the first half of the trajectory would equal this deceleration, and as a result, the train's speed would reach zero at approximately the moment the train reached its destination.

Hypocycloid
In geometry, a hypocycloid is a special plane curve generated by the trace of a fixed point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle. As the radius of the larger circle is increased, the hypocycloid becomes more like the cycloid created by rolling a circle on a line.
Dolmen
A dolmen (/ˈdɒlmɛn/), or portal tomb, is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the Late Neolithic period (4000–3000 BCE) and were sometimes covered with earth or smaller stones to form a tumulus (burial mound). Small pad-stones may be wedged between the cap and supporting stones to achieve a level appearance. In many instances, the covering has eroded away, leaving only the stone "skeleton".

In Sumba (Indonesia), dolmens are still commonly built (about 100 dolmens each year) for collective graves according to lineage. The traditional village of Wainyapu has some 1,400 dolmens.

Ganghwa Island
Ganghwa Island (Korean: 강화도), also Ganghwado, is an island in Ganghwa County, Incheon, South Korea. It is in the Yellow Sea and in an estuary of the Han River.

The island is separated from Gimpo (on the South Korean mainland) by a narrow channel spanned by two bridges, and from Kaesong (Gaeseong) in North Korea by the main channel of the Han River. It offers some of the closest views in the South of North Korean villages, which can be seen on clear days from less than two kilometers.

It is strategically located, controlling access to the river, which runs through former Joseon and South Korea's capital, Seoul. Its fortifications were repeatedly attacked in the 19th century. With an area of 302.4 km2 (116.8 sq mi), it constitutes most of Ganghwa County (a division of Incheon). The island has a population of about 65,500, half of whom live in Ganghwa Town (Ganghwa-eup) in the northeast.
Chaotic Wrestling Television Championship
The Chaotic Wrestling (CW) Television Championship was a professional wrestling title in American independent promotion Chaotic Wrestling. The title was first won by "Latin Fury" Luis Ortiz in Revere, Massachusetts on February 23, 2001. There have been a total of 4 recognized individual champions, who have had a combined 6 official reigns. On February 2, 2002, after being unified with the CW Light Heavyweight Championship, Dukes Dalton retires both titles after winning the New England Championship on February 16.

Chaotic Wrestling New England Championship
The Chaotic Wrestling (CW) New England Championship is a professional wrestling title in American independent promotion Chaotic Wrestling. The title was first won by "Latin Fury" Luis Ortiz in Revere, Massachusetts on February 23, 2001. There have been a total of 40 recognized individual champions, who have had a combined 60 official reigns.
Tala Gopalpur
Tala Gopalpur is a village in Rahi block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 9 km from Rae Bareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,902 people, in 347 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Tala Gopalpur as comprising 5 hamlets, with a total population of 778 people (387 male and 391 female), in 168 households and 163 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 870 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Tala Gopalpur as having a population of 1,072 people, in 200 households, and having an area of 344.40 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

Rahi, Raebareli
Rahi is a village and corresponding community development block in Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 7 km from Rae Bareli, the district headquarters, which according to one folk etymology is named after the village. Rahi was formerly the seat of a pargana before Rae Bareli replaced it in that capacity. As of 2011, Rahi has a population of 7,536 people, in 1,373 households. It has one primary school and one medical clinic.

The 1961 census recorded Rahi as comprising 10 hamlets, with a total population of 2,950 people (1,664 male and 1,286 female), in 617 households and 576 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,708 acres and it had a post office at that point. It had one grain mill and 3 makers of jewellery and/or precious metal items.

The 1981 census recorded Rahi as having a population of 4,611 people, in 951 households, and having an area of 363.30 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.
Boot Hill (lunar mountain)
Boot Hill is a small lunar mountain that is located in Mare Tranquillitatis, about 45 km south of the crater Maskelyne, and about 210 km east of the Apollo 11 landing site.  The peak at its north end rises approximately 230 m above the surrounding mare.

Unlike many other lunar features named by the Apollo astronauts, the name of the mountain is not formally recognized by the International Astronomical Union.  However, Boot Hill and other informal features such as the nearby Duke Island or Mount Marilyn (within Montes Secchi) were significant landmarks used by the astronauts for navigation to the first landing site.

Montes Secchi
Montes Secchi (Latin for "Secchi Mountains") is a minor range of lunar mountains located near the northwestern edge of Mare Fecunditatis. This roughly linear formation of low ridges grazes the northwestern outer rim of the crater Secchi, the formation from which this range gained its name. This crater is named after Angelo Secchi, a 19th-century Italian astronomer. The ridges trend from southwest to northeast.

In the vicinity of Montes Secchi is Mount Marilyn, a distinctly triangular mountain formation.  It was named in 1968 by Apollo 8 astronaut Jim Lovell, after his wife. The name was not approved by the IAU until July 26, 2017.  Before its approval, it was known as Secchi Theta.

The selenographic coordinates of the range midpoint are 2.4° N, 43.6° E, and they lie within a diameter of 50 km. This is smaller than the diameter of the crater Taruntius, located to the northeast of the mountains.
Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum
The Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum of Steam Power and Land Drainage is a small industrial heritage museum dedicated to steam powered machinery at Westonzoyland in the English county of Somerset. It is a Grade II* listed building.

The museum is housed in an 1830 brick-built pumping station which was the first of several similar pumping stations to be built on the Somerset Levels which are prone to flooding. The main attraction is the 1861 Easton and Amos steam engine and pump, the only one still in its original location and in working order. The museum, which is run by a charity, also restores and displays a number of other steam engines and pumps. The steam for the moving exhibits is provided by a Marshall portable boiler. The Westonzoyland Light Railway, a short 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railway runs the length of the site and is used to carry wood for the boiler.

Rhyne
A rhyne (Somerset), rhine/rhyne (Gloucestershire), or reen (South Wales) (all pronounced /ˈriːn/ "reen"; from Old English ryne or Welsh rhewyn or rhewin "ditch") is a drainage ditch, or canal, used to turn areas of wetland close to sea level into useful pasture. Water levels will usually be controlled by a system of sluice gates and pumps. Rhynes have been used extensively in the United Kingdom.
Osage Hills
36°19′15″N 95°25′22″W﻿ / ﻿36.320929°N 95.422750°W﻿ / 36.320929; -95.422750

The Osage Hills is a hilly area in Oklahoma, commonly known as The Osage.  The name refers to the broad rolling hills and rolling tallgrass prairie and Cross Timbers encompassing Osage County and surrounding areas, including portions of Mayes, Tulsa, Washington and Kay Counties. The Osage is the southern extension of the Flint Hills of Kansas.

Tallgrass Prairie Preserve
The Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, in Osage County, Oklahoma near Foraker, Oklahoma, is the largest protected tract of tallgrass prairie in the world. Managed by The Nature Conservancy, the preserve contains 39,650 acres (160 km2) owned by the Conservancy and another 6,000 acres (24 km2) leased in what was the original tallgrass region of the Great Plains that stretched from Texas to Manitoba.
1939 Brownlow Medal
The 1939 Brownlow Medal was the 16th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Marcus Whelan of the Collingwood Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-three votes during the 1939 VFL season.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
Coccagee
The Coccagee (from the Irish cac a' gheidh, "dung of the goose"), also spelt 'Cackagee' or 'Cockagee' and sometimes known as the 'Irish Crab' or 'Lord Cork's Crab', is or was a variety of cider apple, known in Ireland and the West of England.

Cider apple
Cider apples are a group of apple cultivars grown for their use in the production of cider (referred to as "hard cider" in the United States). Cider apples are distinguished from "cookers" and "eaters", or dessert apples, by their bitterness or dryness of flavour, qualities which make the fruit unpalatable but can be useful in cidermaking. Some apples are considered to occupy more than one category.

In the United Kingdom, the Long Ashton Research Station categorised cider apples in 1903 into four main types according to the proportion of tannins and malic acid in the fruit. For cider production, it is important that the fruit contains high sugar levels which encourage fermentation and raise the final alcohol levels. Cider apples therefore often have higher sugar levels than dessert and cooking apples. It is also considered important for cider apples to contribute tannins, which add depth to the finished cider's flavour.
Central Luzon State University Science High School
University Science High School, referred to as Central Luzon State University Science High School or USHS, is a science high school located inside the campus of Central Luzon State University (CLSU), in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. USHS is not included in the Philippine Science High School System and is under the College of Education of the Central Luzon State University.

Central Luzon State University
Central Luzon State University (CLSU; Tagalog: Pamantasang Pampamahalaan ng Gitnang Luzon; Ilocano: Universidad Estatal ti Tengnga a Luzon) is a state university on a 658-hectare campus in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It is the lead agency of the Muñoz Science Community and the seat of the Regional Research and Development Center in Central Luzon. To date, CLSU is one of the premiere institutions for agriculture in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia known for its research in aquaculture, ruminants, crops, orchard, and water management.

CLSU is the first comprehensive state university to undergo institutional accreditation. It is a declared Cultural Property of the Philippines with the code of PH-03-0027 due to its high historical, cultural, academical, and agricultural importance to the nation.
Selwyn Muru
Selwyn Frederick Muru (6 September 1937 – 24 January 2024), also known as Herewini Murupaenga, was a New Zealand artist. Of Māori descent (Te Aupōuri, Ngāti Kurī), his life's work included painting, sculpture, journalism, broadcasting, directing, acting, set design, theatre, poetry, and whaikōrero. Muru was awarded the Te Tohu Aroha mō Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu | Exemplary/Supreme Award in 1990 at the Creative New Zealand Te Waka Awards.

Toi Tū Toi Ora: Contemporary Māori Art
Toi Tū Toi Ora: Contemporary Māori Art was a survey exhibition at the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki in New Zealand. The exhibition took place from Saturday 5 December 2020 to Sunday 9 May 2021 and utilised the footprint of the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki.

The exhibition was curated by curator and artist Nigel Borell and displayed art spanning from the 1950s onwards. Toi Tū Toi Ora: Contemporary Māori Art compiled over 300 artworks from 111 Māori artists, some of whom are New Zealand's most significant artists.
Trichoderma cornu-damae
Trichoderma cornu-damae (Japanese: カエンタケ, Hepburn: kaentake), formerly Podostroma cornu-damae and also known as the poison fire coral, is a species of fungus in the family Hypocreaceae. The fruit bodies of the fungus are highly toxic if ingested, and have been responsible for several human fatalities as they contain an often fatal dose of the terpenoid mycotoxin satratoxin-H.

Hypocreaceae
The Hypocreaceae are a family within the class Sordariomycetes. Species are recognisable by their brightly coloured perithecial ascomata, typically yellow, orange or red. The family was proposed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1844. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the family has 22 genera and 454 species. In 2020, it was re-analysed and determined to have only 17 genera and about 658 species.
Thioploca
Thioploca  is a genus of filamentous sulphur-oxidizing bacteria, in the order Thiotrichales (class Gammaproteobacteria). They inhabit both marine and freshwater environments, forming vast communities off the Pacific coast of South America and in other areas with a high organic matter sedimentation and bottom waters rich in nitrate and poor in oxygen. Their cells contain large vacuoles that occupy more than 80% of the cellular volume, used to store nitrate to oxidize sulphur for anaerobic respiration in the absence of oxygen, an important characteristic of the genus. With cell diameters ranging from 15-40 μm, they are some of the largest bacteria known. They provide an important link between the nitrogen and sulphur cycles, because they use both sulfur and nitrogen compounds. They secrete a sheath of mucus which they use as a tunnel to travel between sulphide-containing sediment and nitrate-containing sea water.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Luckey Roberts
Charles Luckyth Roberts (August 7, 1887 – February 5, 1968), better known as Luckey Roberts, was an American composer and stride pianist who worked in the jazz, ragtime, and blues styles. Roberts performed as musician, band/orchestra conductor, and dancer. He taught music and dance. He also owned a restaurant and bar in New York City and in Washington, D.C.
Luckey Roberts noted compositions include "Junk Man Rag", "Moonlight Cocktail", "Pork and Beans" (1913), and "Railroad Blues".

Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.
Florenz Edward Ziegfeld Jr. (/ˈzɪɡfɛld/; March 21, 1867 – July 22, 1932) was an American Broadway impresario, notable for his series of theatrical revues, the Ziegfeld Follies (1907–1931), inspired by the Folies Bergère of Paris. He also produced the musical Show Boat. He was known as the "glorifier of the American girl". Ziegfeld is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.
Spears House (Concord, North Carolina)
Spears House, also known as Caldwell Creek Farm and Eudy Farm, is a historic home and national historic district located near Concord, Cabarrus County, North Carolina.  The farmhouse was constructed in stages and, prior to 1825, reached the form of a dogtrot.  The original pen was probably built sometime between about 1760 and 1795 and the second pen was probably built between 1796 and 1800.  The house was restored from 1982 to 1987.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Dogtrot house
The dogtrot, also known as a breezeway house, dog-run, or possum-trot, is a style of house that was common throughout the Southeastern United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Some theories place its origins in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Some scholars believe the style developed in the post-Revolution frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee. Others note its presence in the South Carolina Lowcountry from an early period. The main style point was a large breezeway (instead of a hallway) through the center of the house to cool occupants in the hot southern climate.

Architects continue to design variants of dogtrot houses using modern materials.
John Catlin (golfer)
John Catlin (born November 15, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the European Tour, Asian Tour and as a reserve on LIV. He has won three times on the European Tour and has also won six times on the Asian Tour.

Lowest rounds of golf
This article lists the lowest recorded rounds in golf. In professional competition, a round of 59 or less is regarded as a significant achievement. In men's major championships the lowest rounds are 62 by Branden Grace at the 2017 Open Championship, by Rickie Fowler and Xander Schauffele at the 2023 U.S. Open, and by Xander Schauffele and Shane Lowry at the 2024 PGA Championship. The lowest officially recorded round is 55 by Rhein Gibson in 2012. In women's major championships the lowest round is 61, held jointly by Leona Maguire, Lee Jeong-eun and Kim Hyo-joo, all at the Evian Championship.
1782 English cricket season
Having abandoned Broadhalfpenny Down, the Hambledon Club moved to Windmill Down as their new home venue ahead of the 1782 English cricket season. The great fast bowler David Harris made his first known appearance in an important match. Details of 13 matches are known.

David Harris (English cricketer)
David Harris (1755 – 19 May 1803) was an English cricketer who played from 1782 to 1798.

He made 78 known appearances and was mainly associated with Hampshire when the Hambledon Club organised its teams. As well as playing for Hampshire, Harris appeared for a number of other teams including Berkshire, Kent, Surrey, Marylebone Cricket Club and several invitation XIs.

Noted for his fast and accurate bowling, Harris was a right arm fast underarm bowler and a left-handed batsman.