hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caledonian Railway 179 Class
The Caledonian Railway 179 Class (nicknamed Oban bogie) was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed by  George Brittain for the Caledonian Railway (CR) and introduced in 1882.

All ten were built by Dübs and Company in 1882; they came with 4-wheel tenders to reduce the overall length in order to fit on the turntables. They were rebuilt and reboilered between 1898 and 1901. They were placed on the duplicate list (by adding 1000 to their original fleet number) between 1913 and 1914.

Two locomotives (1184 and 1185) were withdrawn in 1922. Eight survived into the ownership of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923; who allocated them fleet numbers 14100–14107, but only three (14100/03/05) were renumbered. All had been withdrawn by 1930.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Iota Sculptoris
ι Sculptoris, Latinized as Iota Sculptoris and abbreviated iot Scl, is a solitary star in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.18. The star is located approximately 336 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +21 km/s.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K0III, currently on the red giant branch. It has 2.9 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 12 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 97 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,020 K. These coordinates are a source for X-ray emission, which is most likely (99.4% chance) coming from the star.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
Jazz (apple)
Jazz is a trademarked brand of the Scifresh cultivar of domesticated apple. Scifresh is a cross between Royal Gala and Braeburn. It was developed in New Zealand as part of a collaboration between apple marketer ENZA, orchardists, and the Plant & Food Research institute. The original cross was made in 1985 on trees at Goddard Lane, Havelock North, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. It launched commercially in April 2004. It is hard and crisp but juicy. The colour is flushes of red and maroon over shades of green, yellow and orange. Jazz is a close relative of the Kanzi apple, which is easier to bite and has a more delicate sweet-tart taste.

Growers produce Jazz apples under licence in New Zealand, UK, United States, Australia, France, Chile, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria. Grown in the northern and southern hemispheres, it is available all year round. Trees take between four and five years before they start to produce fruit.

Gala (apple)
Gala is an apple cultivar with a sweet, mild flavor, a crisp but not hard texture, and a striped or mottled orange or reddish appearance. Originating from New Zealand in the 1930s, similar to most named apples it is clonally propagated. Easy to grow, the Gala is one of the top commercial apple varieties today and one of the most popular in North America.
Pseudagrion caffrum
Pseudagrion caffrum, the springwater sprite is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Lesotho, South Africa and Eswatini. Its natural habitats include montane streams with grassy banks.

A medium-sized damselfly (length 31–3 mm; wingspan 39–47 mm).  The face is black and yellow and it lacks post-ocular spots. The eyes are black above and yellow below. The synthorax is dark blue above and the sides are pale, pruinescent blue. The abdomen is dark blue above and yellow green below, ageing to pruinescent grey.

Male

Male

Male abdomen detail

Male head and thorax

Male

Male face

Female

Pair

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Contrast fabric
Contrast fabric is a sewing term that refers to a fabric piece or embellishment made from a different fabric than the main fabric. The term 'contrast fabric' is used in contrast to the term self-fabric.

Contrast fabric is used in certain pattern pieces such as facings and linings to produce design details that stand out from the rest of the garment.  It is also used as embellishment, such as in ric rac, piping or appliqué.  For example, to make buttons a design feature, a special type of button is often covered in the contrasting fabric.

Sewing
Sewing is the craft of fastening pieces of textiles together using a sewing needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, originating in the Paleolithic era. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans in Europe and Asia produced garments from fur and leather clothing using bone, antler or ivory sewing-needles and "thread" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.

For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand. The sewing machine which was invented in the 19th century enabled mechanized stitching, and the mass production of garments expanded in the 20th century. Hand sewing remains common in high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is practiced by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

The first known use of the word "sewing" was in the 14th century.
NGC 60
NGC 60 is an Sc type spiral galaxy in the Pisces constellation. It was discovered on 2 November 1882 by Édouard Stephan.

NGC 60 is noticed for its unusually distorted spiral arms, which are commonly due to gravitational effects of neighboring galaxies, but there are no galaxies around NGC 60 to allow this.

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 60: SN 2020yz (19.6 mag) and SN 2023zba (type IIP, mag. 18.8).

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
Underwoodisaurus milii
Underwoodisaurus milii is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Carphodactylidae. The species is commonly known as the thick-tailed or barking gecko, referring to its distinctive plump tail and sharp, barking defensive call. The genus is also often called thick-tailed geckos as a group, along with the species Uvidicolus sphyrurus.

Uvidicolus
Uvidicolus is a monotypic genus of lizard in the family Carphodactylidae. The genus contains the sole species Uvidicolus sphyrurus, also known commonly as the border thick-tailed gecko. The species is endemic to Australia.
Norwalk High School (California)
Norwalk High School is a high school in Norwalk, California.  It is a member school of the Norwalk-La Mirada Unified School District. It was established in 1956. Norwalk High School is fully accredited by the Western Associations of Schools and Colleges. It is certified to award a traditional American high school diploma. English is the main language of instruction. The current principal is David Olea.

Norwalk, California
Norwalk is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 102,773 at the 2020 census.

Founded in the late 19th century, Norwalk was incorporated as a city in 1957. It is located 17 miles (27 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles and is part of the Greater Los Angeles area.

Norwalk is a member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments. Norwalk's sister cities are Morelia in the Mexican state of Michoacán, and Hermosillo, in the Mexican state of Sonora.
University of North Carolina at Asheville
The University of North Carolina at Asheville (UNC Asheville, UNCA, or simply Asheville) is a public liberal arts university in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. UNC Asheville is the designated liberal arts institution in the University of North Carolina system. It is a member and the headquarters of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges.

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or simply the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. It was created in 1970 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. It is managed by the American Council on Education.

The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
Daniel Lewis James
Daniel Lewis James Jr. (January 14, 1911 – May 18, 1988), was an American writer, best known for his novel, Famous All Over Town, about Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles. He published the novel under his pseudonym, Danny Santiago, and during most of his professional career, he kept his identity a secret. James's own agent Carl Brandt did not know his real name until it was revealed by fellow author and friend, John Gregory Dunne. Some critics call this use of a Latino pseudonym a literary fraud, while others appreciate his contributions to literature, regardless of his race. Although he was white, some critics believed he was able to convey an accurate portrait of the Chicano culture.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Mizongyi
Mizongyi (Chinese: 迷蹤藝; pinyin: Mízōngyì; lit. 'Lost Track Skill') is a style of Chinese martial art based on deception and mobility.

As an external northern Chinese style, Mizong belongs to the "Long Fist" family of martial arts although in some traditions Mizongyi is considered an internal art, created by Yue Fei, and taught as a precursor system to xingyiquan. Mizongyi was created by Cheng Juxiao. Cheng learned from his maternal grandfather and mother, both of whom were also practitioners of Mizongyi.

The art began to grow popular in 1901 due to the deeds of Huo Yuanjia, a Mizongyi master. Huo Yuanjia's father, Huo Endi is a 6th-generation successor of Mizongyi.

There are many sub-branches of Mizongyi. One such sub-branch is Mizong Luohan (Chinese: 迷蹤羅漢; pinyin: mízōng luóhàn; lit. 'Lost Track Arhat'), which combines Mizongyi with Luohanquan. Through Luohanquan, its lineage can be traced back to the Shaolin temple during the time of the Tang dynasty.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
WIJR
WIJR (880 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Highland, Illinois, United States, it serves the St. Louis, Missouri area.  The station is currently owned by Birach Broadcasting Corporation.

WIJR's studios are located on Hampton Avenue in St. Louis, while its transmitter is located near Highland. They use a directional signal, aimed towards St. Louis, due to avoid interference from WHSQ in New York City, further north into New York.

Birach Broadcasting Corporation
Birach Broadcasting Corporation is a company based in Southfield, Michigan, USA, that owns several AM radio stations and, formerly, one low-power television (LPTV) station in the US. Many stations in the Birach portfolio run ethnic broadcasting. The company was wholly owned by its president and CEO Sima Birach, who died October 14, 2025.
Poker Night at the Inventory
Poker Night at the Inventory is a poker video game developed by Telltale Games.  It features four characters from different franchises: Tycho Brahe from the Penny Arcade webcomic, Max from the Sam & Max franchise, the RED Heavy Weapons Guy from Team Fortress 2, and Strong Bad from the Homestar Runner web series. The game was released on November 22, 2010, and delisted from sale in 2019. A sequel, Poker Night 2, was released in 2013. A remaster by Skunkape Games is set for release on March 5, 2026 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Windows.

The Brothers Chaps
Matthew Alan Chapman (born November 1, 1976) and Michael Raymond Chapman (born September 20, 1973), known collectively as The Brothers Chaps, are American writers, voice actors, directors, animators, producers and composers. They are best known as the creators of the animated series Homestar Runner and Two More Eggs.
RPG Real Estate
RPG Real Estate (RPG不動産, Āru Pī Jī Fudōsan) is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Chiyo Kenmotsu. It was serialized in Houbunsha's seinen manga magazine Manga Time Kirara Carat from July 2018 to October 2023. It has been collected in six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation produced by Doga Kobo aired from April to June 2022.

Yonkoma
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画; "four cell manga" or 4-koma for short) is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size, following a structure known as kishōtenketsu.
Christian de Chergé
Charles-Marie Christian de Chergé, O.C.S.O (Colmar, 18 January 1937 – 21 May 1996), was a French Cistercian, one of the seven monks kidnapped from the Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas in Tibhirine, Algeria, and believed to have been later killed by Islamists in 1996. He was beatified with eighteen others, the Martyrs of Algeria, on December 9, 2018.

White Fathers
The White Fathers (French: Pères Blancs), officially known as the Missionaries of Africa (Latin: Missionarii Africae) and abbreviated MAfr, are a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men. They were founded in 1868 by Charles Lavigerie, who was then the Archbishop of Algiers. The society focuses on evangelization and education, primarily in Africa. As of 2021, the Missionaries of Africa comprised 1,428 members from 36 nationalities, working in 42 countries across 217 communities.
Howell Opera House
The Howell Opera House is a performance venue located in Howell, Michigan. The site is listed as historic by the Michigan State Historic Preservation Office. It is also listed on the National Historic Register as part of the Howell Downtown Historic District.

Howell Downtown Historic District
The Howell Downtown Historic District is a primarily commercial historic district located along five blocks of Grand River Avenue in the center of Howell, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Eden Star
Eden Star (stylized as EDEN STAR) is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by Flix Interactive. It was released on Steam's early access program on 30 January 2015. The last announcement made by the developers was on 10 January 2020.

As of May 31, 2024, the game is officially abandoned and removed from sale in a near unplayable state.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Missouri Buttes
Missouri Buttes or Little Missouri Buttes are located in Crook County in northeast Wyoming on the northwest flank of the Black Hills Uplift. The buttes are 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northwest (N60°W) of Devils Tower between the Little Missouri and the Belle Fourche rivers.

The Missouri Buttes consist of four separate summits which arise from an eroded mesa platform, the Butte Divide, which has an elevation of 4,650 feet (1,420 m). The butte peaks form a rough rectangle 0.5 x 0.65 mi. in size. The northwest butte is the highest with a summit at 5,374 feet (1,638 m). The northeast butte has an elevation of 5,212 feet (1,589 m), the southwest butte has an elevation of 5,020 feet (1,530 m), and the southeast butte has an elevation of 5,055 feet (1,541 m). A small lake, the Missouri Buttes Lake, lies 800 metres (2,600 ft) west of the buttes.

Laccolith
A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by a conduit from below. A laccolith forms when magma (molten rock) rising through the Earth's crust begins to spread out horizontally, prying apart the host rock strata. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith its dome-like form.

Over time, erosion can expose the solidified laccolith, which is typically more resistant to weathering than the host rock. The exposed laccolith then forms a hill or mountain. The Henry Mountains of Utah, US, are an example of a mountain range composed of exposed laccoliths. It was here that geologist Grove Karl Gilbert carried out pioneering field work on this type of intrusion. Laccolith mountains have since been identified in many other parts of the world.

Laccolith

Small dike

Batholith

Dike

Sill

Volcanic neck, pipe

Lopolith
West Virginia Route 112
West Virginia Route 112 is an east–west state highway in southern West Virginia. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 19 east of Bluefield, in the shadow of a "bridge to nowhere" on the future King Coal Highway. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 460 in Oakvale.

WV 112 was formerly a portion of WV 12.

U.S. Route 19 in West Virginia
U.S. Route 19 (US 19) runs south to north up through central West Virginia. The route runs from the Virginia state line at Bluefield, north to the Pennsylvania state line south of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania.
Opinions on the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
This page collects opinions, other than those of governments or inter-governmental organizations (see International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy for those), on the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. For an overview, and details on the controversy please see the main page.

DR (broadcaster)
DR (pronounced [ˈte̝ˀˌɛɐ̯]), officially the Danish Broadcasting Corporation in English, is a Danish public-service radio and television broadcasting company. Founded in 1925 as a public-service organization, it is Denmark's oldest and largest electronic media enterprise. DR shares many of its organisational characteristics with its British counterpart, the BBC, on which it was largely modelled. DR is a founding member of the European Broadcasting Union.

DR was originally funded by a media licence, however since 2022, the media license has been replaced by an addition to the Danish income tax.

Today, DR operates three television channels, all of which are distributed free-to-air via a nationwide DVB-T2 network. DR also operates seven radio channels. All are available nationally on DAB+ radio and online, with the four original stations also available on FM radio. Bjarne Corydon serves as the current Director-General of DR since August 2025.
Burgh on Bain
Burgh on Bain is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A157 road, 7 miles (11 km) west from Louth and 7 miles east from Market Rasen. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 114, increasing to 172 at the 2011 census. The parish includes the hamlet of Girsby.

Burgh on Bain Grade II listed Anglican church is dedicated to St Helen.

Louth, Lincolnshire
Louth (/laʊθ/ ⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Louth serves as an important town for a large rural area of eastern Lincolnshire. Visitor attractions include St James' Church, Hubbard's Hills, the market, many independent retailers, and Lincolnshire's last remaining cattle market.