hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elevation (ballistics)
In ballistics, the elevation is the angle between the horizontal plane and the axial direction of the barrel of a gun, mortar or heavy artillery.  Originally, elevation was a linear measure of how high the gunners had to physically lift the muzzle of a gun up from the gun carriage to compensate for projectile drop and hit targets at a certain distance.

Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.
Davies Collection
The Davies Collection is a collection of Libyan revenue stamps from 1955 to 1969, formed from material from the Bradbury Wilkinson Archive, and presented to the British Library Philatelic Collections by John Neville Davies in 1992.

British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.
Gmina Bełchatów
Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 179.89 square kilometres (69.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,306.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
Alofaaga Blowholes
The Alofaaga Blowholes, also known as the Taga Blowholes, are a natural feature located in the district of Palauli, south west of Salelologa wharf on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. The entrance to the blowholes is in the village of Taga.

In this area, lava flows have created a series of tubes connecting a flat clifftop of lava rock with the ocean below.  Waves breaking against the lower end of the lava tubes send water at high pressure up through the tubes, creating fountains that spray every few seconds. As most of the land in Samoa is under customary ownership, the village charges a small admission for entry to view the blowholes.  The area is unfenced and surrounded by wet, slippery rocks which can be dangerous.  Falling into one of the blowholes would be almost certainly fatal.  A track along the coast can be followed west to the ancient village of Fagaloa.

Salelologa
Salelologa (Samoan pronunciation: [ˈsaleloloŋa] ⓘ) is a village district at the east end of Savai'i island in Samoa. It is the main entry point into the island with the only ferry terminal on Savai'i. It also serves as the main township for shopping and public amenities with a market selling fresh produce and arts and crafts.

Salelologa is made up of smaller sub-villages pito nu'u and falls within the electoral district of Fa'asaleleaga.
Hypoiodous acid
Hypoiodous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula HIO. It forms when an aqueous solution of iodine is treated with mercuric or silver salts. It rapidly decomposes by disproportionation:

5 HIO → HIO3 + 2 I2 + 2 H2O

Hypoiodous acid is a weak acid with a pKa of about 11. The conjugate base is hypoiodite (IO−). Salts of this anion can be prepared by treating iodine with alkali hydroxides. They rapidly disproportionate to form iodides and iodates, but an iodine–hydroxide mixture can be used an in situ preparation of hypoiodite for other reactions.

Ammonium hypoiodites can be formed by oxidation of the analogous iodide salts. These and also sodium hypoiodite are useful as oxidizing agents for a various types of organic compounds and also for a reaction analogous to the haloform reaction.

Hypoiodite is one of the active oxidizing agents generated by lactoperoxidase as part of the mammalian innate immune system.

Sodium hypoiodite
Sodium hypoiodite is an inorganic chemical used as an oxidant in various organic chemical reactions. It causes iodination of nitrogen atoms, such 1H-benzotriazole to give 1-iodo-1H-benzotriazole and an imine to give the analogous iodoimine. It oxidatively cleaves methyl ketones to give iodoform.
Frank Cavett
Frank Cavett (December 27, 1905 – March 25, 1973) was an American screenwriter. He won two Academy Awards and was nominated one more in the categories Best Screenplay and Best Motion Picture Story for the films Going My Way, Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman and The Greatest Show on Earth.

Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best screenplay adapted from previously established material. The most frequently adapted media are novels, but other adapted narrative formats include stage plays, musicals, short stories, TV series, and other films and film characters. All sequels are also considered adaptations by this standard, being based on the story and characters of the original film.

Prior to its current name, the award was known as the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based On Material From Another Medium. The Best Adapted Screenplay category has been a part of the Academy Awards since their inception.
Athena Asamiya
Athena Asamiya (Japanese: 麻宮 アテナ, Hepburn: Asamiya Atena) is a character originally from SNK's 1987 video game Psycho Soldier. An esper, Athena is a descendant of Princess Athena from the earlier Athena game. She later appears in The King of Fighters series of fighting games as a member of the Psycho Soldier Team alongside her friend Sie Kensou and her teacher Chin Gentsai. While there have been changes to the team, Athena has been consistently playable in the main series. She was also given her own video game Athena: Awakening from the Ordinary Life, which was only released in Japanese regions for the PlayStation in 1999.

Athena was designed with idea of having an appealing main character in Psycho Soldier. The use of a character song and multiple outfits resulted in major praise by publications for video games and the character also received generally positive reception.

KOF: Maximum Impact 2
The King of Fighters 2006, known in Japan as KOF: Maximum Impact 2, is a 3D fighting video game produced by SNK Playmore and released for the PlayStation 2 in 2006. An updated version was released on both PlayStation 2 and arcades in Japan under the title KOF: Maximum Impact Regulation A in 2008. It is the sequel to KOF: Maximum Impact (2004), which itself is a spinoff of The King of Fighters (KOF) series.
Barfoed
Barfoed is a Danish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christen Thomsen Barfoed (1815–1899), Danish chemist

Kasper Barfoed (born 1972), Danish film director

Lars Barfoed (born 1957), Danish politician

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Oststeinbek
Oststeinbek is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 13 kilometres east of the center of Hamburg, directly on the border between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein.

First mentioned in 1254 it celebrated its 750th anniversary in 2004.

As of 2011, Oststeinbek had about 8600 inhabitants.

Stormarn (district)
Stormarn (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɔʁmaʁn] ⓘ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Segeberg and Ostholstein, the city of Lübeck, the district of Lauenburg, and the city-state of Hamburg.
2024 Scheldeprijs
The 2024 Scheldeprijs was the 112th edition of the Scheldeprijs road cycling one day race, which was held on 3 April 2024. It was a 1.Pro event on the 2024 UCI ProSeries calendar. The race, which was 205.3 kilometres (127.6 mi) long, started in Terneuzen in the Netherlands and finished in Schoten on the outskirts of Antwerp.

2024 UCI ProSeries
The 2024 UCI ProSeries was the fifth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consisted of 55 events, of which 33 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 22 are stage races (2.Pro). There were 49 events in Europe, five in Asia, and one in the United States.
Platinum OG
Platinum OG is a 75/25 indica dominant hybrid bred by Apothecary Genetics. It is believed that it stems from the combination of Master Kush, OG Kush, and an unknown third strain – believed to be Purps strain. Its genetics mix makes Platinum OG a heavy strain which is an indicator for most strains of Kush origin. This strain is considered an impure indica.

Cannabis indica
Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia. The plant produces large amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), with total cannabinoid levels being much higher than observed in industrial hemp varieties. It is now widely grown in China, India, Nepal, Thailand, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, as well as southern and western Africa, and is cultivated for purposes including hashish in India. The high concentrations of THC or THCV provide euphoric effects making it popular for use for several purposes, not only simple pleasure but also clinical drug research, potential new drug research, and use in alternative medicine, among many others.
Tanda, Russia
Tanda (Russian: Танда; Yakut: Танда) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Bayagantaysky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 48 kilometers (30 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 699; down from 863 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Borogontsy
Borogontsy (Russian: Борогонцы; Yakut: Бороҕон, Boroğon) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of three settlements, in addition to Myndaba and Tomtor, in Myuryunsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia in addition to being the administrative centre of Myuryunsky Rural Okrug to which the same three settlements are subordinated. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 5,222, down from 5,458 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Taiwan Youth Day
Taiwan Youth Day (TYD; Chinese: 台灣青年日) is a youth-oriented Catholic Church event in Taiwan, organized by Youth Desk of Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference (CRBC). Seven dioceses in Taiwan take turn to plan and execute TYD. In 2004, the first ever TYD was created and it was decided to hold it every three years. However, in 2008, they have decided to have the TYD once a year.

Asian Youth Day
Asian Youth Day (AYD) is an international Catholic event organized by the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences, Office of Laity & Family, Youth Desk and the host country. The event, which is held every three years, brings together Catholic youths from all over Asia. The event is similar to World Youth Day.

The week long gathering enables Asian youth to experience the Gospel with others of different cultures and how the modern world celebrates the Gospel, and how it applies to current issues like social justice, leadership among its youth.  The week festivities include prayer, forums, and workshops.  The event is used to enrich, inspire, and renew the spiritual lives of Catholic youth of Asia.
Midland Railway 2511 Class
The Midland Railway 2511 Class was a class of 2-6-0 steam locomotives built by the Schenectady Locomotive Works in the United States, as a supplemental order to the 2501 Class built by Baldwin that same year.  As with that class, the Midland had turned to American locomotive builders, as their own Derby Works had reached capacity, and was unable to produce additional engines at the time, and many British locomotive builders were recovering from an 1897-1898 labor dispute over working hours.

Schenectady Locomotive Works
The Schenectady Locomotive Works was a factory in Schenectady, New York, that manufactured railroad locomotives from its founding in 1848 through its merger into American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in 1901.

After the 1901 merger, ALCO made the Schenectady plant its headquarters.

One of the better-known locomotives to come out of the Schenectady shops was Central Pacific Railroad type 4-4-0 No. 60, the Jupiter (built in September 1868), one of two steam locomotives to take part in the "Golden Spike Ceremony" to celebrate the completion of the First transcontinental railroad. Although the original was scrapped in 1909, a full-scale, operating replica was completed in 1979, and now is part of an operational display at the Golden Spike National Historical Park.
Format-preserving encryption
In cryptography, format-preserving encryption (FPE),  refers to encrypting in such a way that the output (the ciphertext) is in the same format as the input (the plaintext). The meaning of "format" varies. Typically only finite sets of characters are used; numeric, alphabetic or alphanumeric. For example:

Encrypting a 16-digit credit card number so that the ciphertext is another 16-digit number.

Encrypting an English word so that the ciphertext is another English word.

Encrypting an n-bit number so that the ciphertext is another n-bit number (this is the definition of an n-bit block cipher).

For such finite domains, and for the purposes of the discussion below, the cipher is equivalent to a permutation of N integers {0, ... , N−1} where N is the size of the domain.

Ciphertext
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper cipher to decrypt it. This process prevents the loss of sensitive information via hacking. Decryption, the inverse of encryption, is the process of turning ciphertext into readable plaintext. Ciphertext is not to be confused with codetext, because the latter is a result of a code, not a cipher.
Fortia AB
Fortia AB, a Swedish government-owned holding company and National Wealth Fund set up in 1990 to  support the industrial development in Sweden through a number of larger holdings including; Celsius Industrier AB, FFV AB, LKAB, NcB AB, Procordia AB (including its shares in Pharmacia AB), AB Statens Skogsindustrier (ASSI), SSAB Svenskt Stål, Sveriges Geologiska AB (SGAB), Cementa AB samt SIB-Invest AB. Some holding are taken over by Stattum, when closed down in 1991.

LKAB
Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB) is a state-owned Swedish mining company. The company mines iron ore at Kiruna and at Malmberget in northern Sweden. The company was established in 1890, and has been 100% state-owned since 1976. The iron ore is processed to pellets and sinter fines, which are transported by Iore trains (Malmbanan) to the harbours at Narvik and Luleå and to the steel mill at Luleå (SSAB). Their production is sold throughout much of the world, with the principal markets being European steel mills, as well as North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. LKAB's mines supply at least 80% of Europe's iron ore.
Papua New Guinea University of Natural Resources and Environment
Papua New Guinea University of Natural Resources and Environment (formerly known as the University of Vudal) is a university located in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.

Research at the university addresses some of the problems faced by the agricultural, fisheries, forestry and tourism industries of Papua New Guinea.

East New Britain Province
East New Britain is a province of Papua New Guinea, consisting of the north-eastern part of the island of New Britain and the Duke of York Islands. The capital of the province is Kokopo, not far from the old capital of Rabaul, which was largely destroyed in a volcanic eruption in 1994. East New Britain covers a total land area of 15,816 square kilometres (6,107 sq mi), and the province's population was reported as 220,133 in the 2000 census, rising to 328,369 in the 2011 count. Provincial coastal waters extend over an area of 104,000 square metres (26 acres). The province's only land border is with West New Britain Province to the west, and it also shares a maritime border with New Ireland Province to the east.

East New Britain has a dual economy: a cash economy operates side by side with the subsistence-farming sector. The main crops produced for export are cocoa and copra. Tourism continues to be an increasingly important sector of the provincial economy.
2008 European Masters Games
The 2008 European Masters Games was the first edition of the multi-sport event for masters sport, which took place between 29 August – 7 September 2008 in Malmö, Sweden. 3022 participants from 46 countries competed in 18 sports.

European Masters Games
The European Masters Games (EMG) is a multi-sport event, consisting of summer sports, held every four years.  The European Masters Games are owned by the International Masters Games Association (IMGA), owners of the World Masters Games. The age categories vary depending on the sport, but the competition is generally for people 30–35 years or older. The first games were held in 2008 in Malmö, Sweden. The European Masters Games are held once every four years, while the last games were held in 2015 in Nice, France. The next games will be celebrated in Turin, Italy, in 2019.  The International Masters Games Association (IMGA), based in Lausanne, Switzerland, is the body responsible for the bidding and placing of the games.
Atrichum angustatum
Atrichum angustatum, commonly known as slender starburst moss, is a species of mosses belonging to the family Polytrichaceae.

It is native to Eurasia and Northern America. It is rare in Iceland, being found at only two locations at is locally listed as a vulnerable species (VU).

Polytrichaceae
Polytrichaceae is a common family of mosses. Members of this family tend to be larger than other mosses, with the larger species occurring in particularly moist habitats. The leaves have specialized sheaths at the base and a midrib that bears photosynthetic lamellae on the upper surface. These mosses are capable of sustaining high rates of photosynthesis in the presence of ample light and moisture. Unlike all other mosses, the hydroid-based vascular system of these mosses is continuous from stem to leaf and can extract water from the soil through transpiration. Species in this group are dioicous, though some are monoicous. In most species, the sporophytes are relatively large, the setae are rigid, and the calyptrae are hairy. Most species have nematodontous peristomes with 32–64 teeth in their sporangium; some early-diverging genera instead have a stopper mechanism, which consists of the apical section of the columella, that seals the mouth of the capsule shut prior to dehiscence.
Ulysses Township, Pennsylvania
Ulysses Township is a township in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the township population was 647. There are two Pennsylvania state parks in Ulysses Township. Denton Hill State Park is a ski resort along U.S. Route 6. Lyman Run State Park is in the southern part of the township and is partially in neighboring West Branch Township. Its population includes extreme white supremacy groups, and has done so for about 100 years.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Planted motif search
In the field of computational biology, a planted motif search (PMS) also known as a (l, d)-motif search (LDMS) is a method for identifying conserved motifs within a set of nucleic acid or peptide sequences.

PMS is known to be NP-complete. The time complexities of most of the planted motif search algorithms depend exponentially on the alphabet size and l. The PMS problem was first introduced by Keich and Pevzner.

The problem of identifying meaningful patterns (e.g., motifs) from biological data has been studied extensively since they play a vital role in understanding gene function, human disease, and may serve as therapeutic drug targets.

Biological data
Biological data refers to a compound or information derived from living organisms and their products. A medicinal compound made from living organisms, such as a serum or a vaccine, could be characterized as biological data. Biological data is highly complex when compared with other forms of data. There are many forms of biological data, including text, sequence data, protein structure, genomic data and amino acids, and links among others.
Irwan Shah
Muhammad Irwan Shah Bin Arismail (born 2 November 1988) is a Singaporean former footballer who last played as a central-midfielder. Mainly a central-midfielder, Irwan has also been positioned as a full-back, and occasionally as a centre-back when needed.

Irwan Shah is the first Singaporean player to win the AFF Championship, Malaysian Super League, and S. League in 3 consecutive seasons (2012–2014).

2019 Singapore Premier League
The 2019 Singapore Premier League (also known as the AIA Singapore Premier League due to sponsorship reasons) was the second season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018. A major overhaul from the new FAS management was made from this season onwards to improve the standard of Singapore football.