hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Longyear Valley
The Longyear Valley (Norwegian: Longyeardalen) is a valley and ravine in Svalbard. It slightly winds 40 kilometres (25 mi) WNW ending in Adventfjorden, facing west, the broadest inlet of Spitsbergen, the main landmass.  It has a few wind gaps to the south and north-east over small glaciers, under which small streams form. It is between mountains Platåberget and Gruvefjellet. The town of Longyearbyen is at its foot, which is named for the American industrialist John Munro Longyear. The Longyear River is, like all the island's rivers, silted from surrounding glaciers.

Platåberget
Platåberget is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land on the island of Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It is 464 meters (1,522 ft) tall and has a distinct plateau shape, for which it is named. It is bordered to the west by the Bjørndalen valley and the Fuglefjella bird cliffs, to the east by the Blomsterdalen mountain and to the north by Hotellneset and Adventfjorden. The mountain is a few kilometers from Longyearbyen and is next to Svalbard Airport, Longyear. It is the site of Svalbard Satellite Station and Svalbard Global Seed Vault.

On 30 April 1995, a 22-year-old Norwegian college student, Nina Olaussen, was killed by a polar bear on Platåberget, only a few kilometers from Longyearbyen.
1981 Egyptian Open
The 1981 Egyptian Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts that was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was played in Cairo,  Egypt from 9 March until 15 March 1981. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title.

1981 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1981 Volvo Grand Prix was the only men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of the four Grand Slam tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The World Championship Tennis (WCT) Tour was incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The WCT tour consisted of eight regular tournaments, a season's final, three tournaments categorized as special events and a doubles championship. In total 89 tournaments were held divided over 29 countries. The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Oludaisi Elemide
Rt Hon Oludaisi Elemide is a Nigerian politician currently serving as the speaker of the Ogun State House of Assembly. He was elected speaker of the house on 23 January 2024 following the impeachment of Olakunle Oluomo on the allegations of financial embezzlement and highhandedness against members of the assembly. Elemide, a member of the All Progressive Congress is a third term member of the assembly representing Odeda State Constituency.

Elemide was nominated for speakership by Adegoke Adeyanju of the All Progressives Congress (APC) representing Yewa North 1 and was seconded by Adeniran Ademola also of the APC representing Sagamu State Constituency II. He was unanimously elected by all 22 members present during the election. Elemide ran for the speaker of the state assembly during its inauguration in June 2023 but lost to the impeached.

Olakunle Oluomo
Olakunle Taiwo Oluwabukunmi Oluomo  (born 11 October 1963) is a Nigerian politician currently serving as a member of the Ogun State House of Assembly. He served as the speaker of the 9th Ogun State House of Assembly from 2019 to 2023 and was re-elected speaker of the 10th assembly in June 2023 serving until January 2024 when he was impeached on allegations of financial embezzlement.
Lan Caihe
Lan Caihe (Chinese: 藍采和; pinyin: Lán Cǎihé; Wade–Giles: Lan Ts'ai-ho) is a Chinese mythological figure, and one of the Eight Immortals in the Taoist pantheon. Lan's presence in this group makes Lan one of the more familiar of the hundreds of other Taoist immortals. Lan Caihe is the only one of the Eight Immortals whose gender is ambiguous. Lan is not generally thought to be based on a historical person, but is traditionally said to have been born sometime during the Tang dynasty (618 to 907 CE), and lived as a homeless street entertainer, who wandered all over China, singing philosophical songs. Stories vary about how Lan attained immortality and became one of the Eight Immortals. Lan's emblem is a basket of flowers, and so this immortal is considered the patron of florists and gardeners.

Liexian Zhuan
The Liexian Zhuan, sometimes translated as Biographies of Immortals, is the oldest extant Chinese hagiography of Daoist xian "transcendents; immortals; saints; alchemists". The text, which compiles the life stories of about 70 mythological and historical xian, was traditionally attributed to the Western Han dynasty editor and imperial librarian Liu Xiang (77–8 BCE), but internal evidence dates it to the 2nd century CE during the Eastern Han period. The Liexian Zhuan became a model for later authors, such as Ge Hong's 4th century CE Shenxian zhuan ("Biographies of Divine Immortals").
Aklan State University
Aklan State University (ASU; Filipino: Pamantasang Pampamahalaan ng Aklan) is a provincial state university in Aklan province, Philippines. Its seat of governance is in ASU - Banga, with four other campuses across the province. ASU focuses on agriculture, fishery, arts and sciences, engineering and technology, and education.

Formerly known as the Aklan State College of Agriculture and the Aklan Agricultural College, the institution gained university status on April 4, 2001, with the signing of Republic Act 9055 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

Hospitality management studies
Hospitality management studies (Tourism Management) is the study of the hospitality industry. A degree in the subject may be awarded either by a university college dedicated to the studies of hospitality management or a business school with a relevant department. Degrees in hospitality management may also be referred to as hotel management, hotel and tourism management, or hotel administration. Degrees conferred in this academic field include BA, Bachelor of Business Administration, BS, BASc, B.Voc, MS, MBA, Bachelor of Hospitality Management, Master of Management, PhD and short term course. Hospitality management covers hotels, restaurants, cruise ships, amusement parks, destination marketing organizations, convention centers, country clubs and many more.
Cerro Tenerife (Venezuela)
Cerro Tenerife is a hill located in the state of Mérida in Venezuela. The hill has a height of more than 2,500 meters and takes its name from the island of Tenerife in Spain. Next to the hill is the so-called Quebrada Tenerife, an intermittent stream.

Mérida (state)
The State of Mérida commonly known simply as Mérida (Spanish: Estado Bolivariano de Mérida, IPA: [esˈtaðo ðe ˈmeɾiða]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Mérida, in the Libertador Municipality.

Located in the Western Andean Region, Mérida State covers a total surface area of 11,300 square kilometres (4,363 sq mi), making it the fifteenth-largest in Venezuela. In 2011, had a census population of 828,592, the fourteenth most populous.
Duke Jing of Qi
Duke Jing of Qi (Chinese: 齊景公; pinyin: Qí Jǐng Gōng), personal name Lü Chujiu, was ruler of the Qi state from 547 BC to 490 BC. After years of unrest as two powerful ministers, Cui Zhu (崔杼) and Qing Feng (慶封), sought to control the Qi state, Duke Jing appointed Yan Ying as his prime minister, and Qi entered a period of relative peace and prosperity.

Lu (state)
Lu (Chinese: 魯; c. 1042 – 249 BC) was a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China located around modern southwest Shandong.  Founded in the 11th century BC, its rulers were from a cadet branch of the House of Ji (姬) that ruled the Zhou dynasty. The first duke was Boqin, a son of the Duke of Zhou, who was brother of King Wu of Zhou and regent to King Cheng of Zhou.

Lu was the home state of Confucius as well as Mozi, and, as such, has an outsized cultural influence among the states of the Eastern Zhou and in history. The Annals of Spring and Autumn, for instance, was written with the Lu rulers' years as their basis.  Another great work of Chinese history, the Zuo Zhuan or Commentary of Zuo, was traditionally considered to have been written in Lu by Zuo Qiuming.
Gene Murphy (American football, born c. 1900)
Eugene L. Murphy (c. 1900 – 1976) was an American football player and coach. He attended Columbia Prep in Portland, Oregon. He played college football for Knute Rockne's Notre Dame Fighting Irish football teams in 1921 and 1922. He coached high school football at the then Sacred Heart College (High School Division; now "Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory")in San Francisco for the 1925 season. In June 1927, he was hired as the athletic director and head football and baseball coach at Columbia University (renamed the University of Portland in 1935. He held that position for 10 years from 1927 to 1936. He retired in December 1936 to enter private business. He was posthumously inducted into the University of Portland Hall of Fame in 1991.

Knute Rockne
Knute Kenneth Rockne (/(kə)ˈnuːt ˈrɒkni/; March 4, 1888 – March 31, 1931) was an American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. Leading Notre Dame for 13 seasons, Rockne accumulated over 100 wins and three national championships.

Rockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame, where he was inducted in 1951, identifies him as "without question, American football's most-renowned coach". Rockne helped to popularize the forward pass and made the Notre Dame Fighting Irish a major factor in college football.

In 1931, at the age of 43, Rockne died in a plane crash.
Kiu Tsui Beach
Kiu Tsui Beach is a gazetted beach located facing Inner Port Shelter in the western side of Sharp Island, Sai Kung District, Hong Kong. The beach has barbecue pits and is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is 85 metres long and is rated as good to fair by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality in the past twenty years. The beach offers views of Pak Sha Chau, Cham Tau Chau and Tai Chan Chau.

Port Shelter
Port Shelter, known in Cantonese as Ngau Mei Hoi (Chinese: 牛尾海; Jyutping: ngau4 mei5 hoi2; Cantonese Yale: ngàuh méih hói), is a harbour south of Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong. The water body connects to Inner Port Shelter (known in Cantonese as Sai Kung Hoi; Chinese: 西貢海; Jyutping: sai1 gung3 hoi2; Cantonese Yale: sāi gung hói), as well as Hebe Haven (白沙灣), Rocky Harbour (糧船灣海) and other water body. Outer Port Shelter, is situated at the mouth of the harbour.
1997–98 Mersin İdmanyurdu season
Mersin İdmanyurdu (also Mersin İdman Yurdu, Mersin İY, or MİY) Sports Club; located in Mersin, east Mediterranean coast of Turkey in 1997–98. Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) participated in Second League 1997–98 season for the 24th time.  MİY had a bad season in league and finished 6th.  The team also participated in Turkish Cup in 1997–98 and eliminated at Round 4.

H. Okan Merzeci was succeeded by Mehmet Küver as president of the club. Zafer Bilgetay was head coach at the start of the season. Kasım Gündüz completed first half of the season. In the second half Zafer Göncüler managed the team. Türkay Başaran had the most appearances, 32, while Hakan Kayalar was the league and season top goalscorer with 10 goals.

Turkish Cup
The Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) is an annual football cup competition in Turkey, organised by the Turkish Football Federation since 1962. During a period of sponsorship by Fortis, the competition was temporarily known as the Fortis Turkish Cup (Turkish: Fortis Türkiye Kupası). It is currently sponsored by the state-owned bank Ziraat Bankası and officially called the Ziraat Turkish Cup (Turkish: Ziraat Türkiye Kupası).

The tournament has been held under various formats, including a traditional knockout competition and group stages on an experimental basis. An expanded format was introduced for the 2012–13 season, with a record 156 teams participating. The structure included a round-robin group stage following five knockout rounds, with group winners and runners-up advancing to the semi-finals and final. The current holders of the cup are Galatasaray S.K..
Outline of linguistics
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to linguistics:

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. Linguistics has two subdivisions, general and applied.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Bite the Bullet (Hoodoo Gurus album)
Bite the Bullet is a compilation album by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus, released in July 1998.

Mushroom also released it as a three-CD limited edition set, Bite the Bullet – Director's Cut, consisting of Bite the Bullet (Live) (a live farewell tour set), Doppelgänger: Live-to-Air Broadcasts '83 – '96 (Triple J Live at the Wireless performances) and Bubble & Squeak: Outtakes and Oddities (a rarities collection). The single CD was re-released in July 2000 by Brazilian record label, Tronador. The 3-CD set was also re-released in June 2003 by Shock Records and Limburger Records.

Roddy Radalj
Rodney John Radalj (born c.1961) is a Croatian-born Australian musician and singer-songwriter. He has provided guitar, bass guitar and vocals in several influential Australian bands starting with Perth punk bands in the late 1970s before relocating to Sydney to become a founder of the Hoodoo Gurus in 1981 and of Dubrovniks in 1988. Since 1989, as Roddy Ray'da he has released a number of solo albums, including Guns Girls & Guitars in 2005.
Brazilian Organization for the Development of Aeronautical Certification
The Brazilian Organization for the Development of Aeronautical Certification (Organização Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Certificação Aeronáutica, DCA-BR) is a nonprofit organization (Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público, OSCIP), of public interest, regulated by Brazilian Law number 9.790 as of March 23, 1999, and registered at the Brazilian Ministry of Justice on November 28, 2006.

Brazilian Technical Standards Association
The Brazilian Technical Standards Association (Portuguese: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, ABNT) is a private non-profit organization and the normative body which is responsible for technical standards in Brazil, and intends to promote technological development in the country. Brazilian national standards published by the association are named Norma Brasileira and abbreviated NBR.

ABNT was founded on 28 September 1940. It was officially adopted by the Brazilian government in 1962.

It is a founding member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Panamerican Standards Commission (COPANT), and the Mercosur Standards Association (AMN).
ABNT is the exclusive representative of Brazil in the international organizations ISO and IEC and in the regional entities COPANT and AMN.
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Special
The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Special was an Emmy award given to television programming aimed towards children. Television movies, dramatic specials, and non-fiction programming were all eligible. The award had been presented since the inaugural year; however, it was quietly retired after 2007.

CBS Schoolbreak Special
CBS Schoolbreak Special is an American anthology series for teenagers that aired on CBS from December 1978 to January 1996. The series began under the title CBS Afternoon Playhouse, and was changed during the 1984–85 season. The concept was similar to ABC's Afterschool Special.
2024–25 Calcutta Women's Football League
2024–25 Calcutta Women's Football League is the 29th season of the Calcutta Women's Football League, also known as the Kanyashree Cup.

The season consists of 16 teams participating in the league, with the teams in the group stage divided into two groups consisting of eight teams respectively. The tournament began on 25 April 2025 with East Bengal vs Moitri Sansad match at the Kishore Bharati Krirangan.

Kanyashree Cup
The Calcutta Women's Football League, also known as the Kanyashree Cup, is a women's football league in the Indian state of West Bengal. Founded in 1993, it is the oldest women's football league in India and organised by Indian Football Association (IFA), the official football governing body in the state. The tournament is primarily participated by teams across Kolkata.
2011 Wisconsin Act 23
The 2011 Wisconsin Act 23 is a law enacted by the 100th Wisconsin Legislature which established a requirement for nearly all Wisconsin voters to present approved photo identification before registering to vote or casting a ballot.  It was one of many new voter ID laws in the United States enacted after the Republican wave election of 2010.  Act 23 was developed by Republican Governor Scott Walker and the Republican controlled Wisconsin Legislature during a walkout by Democratic lawmakers as part of the 2011 Wisconsin protests.  The law was the subject of extensive state and federal legal challenges which stretched into 2020, but left the law largely intact.

2011 Wisconsin protests
From February to June 2011 in the US state of Wisconsin, as many as 100,000 protesters demonstrated their opposition to 2011 Wisconsin Act 10, also called the Wisconsin Budget Repair Bill. The bill proposed significantly limiting the compensation and rights, including collective bargaining, of public employees in the state.

Protests against the bill centered on the Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, with satellite protests also occurring at other municipalities throughout the state. Demonstrations also took place at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. After the bill was upheld by the Wisconsin Supreme Court on June 14, the number of protesters declined to about 1,000 within a couple of days.

The protests were a major driving force for recall elections of state senators in 2011 and 2012, the failed recall of Governor Scott Walker in 2012 and a contentious Wisconsin Supreme Court election in 2011.
Scotland Act 1978
The Scotland Act 1978 (c. 51) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to establish a Scottish Assembly as a devolved legislature for Scotland.  At a referendum held in the following year, the Act failed to gain the necessary level of approval required by an amendment, and was never put into effect.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Giligan's volleyball teams
Giligan's Restaurant & Bar owned two volleyball teams in the Philippine Super Liga on separate occasions. Those teams were the men's indoor volleyball Sisig Kings and women's beach volleyball Sisig Queens.

Both teams took part in just one tournament in the PSL. The men's team took part in the 2013 Grand Prix Conference, while the women's team took part in the 2015 Beach Volleyball Challenge Cup, with the latter winning a title in that tournament.

Philippine Super Liga
The Philippine Super Liga (PSL; alternatively spelled as Philippine Superliga) was a non-professional corporate club women's volleyball league in the Philippines. It was first organized by SportsCore Event Management and Consultancy, Inc. and later owned by Athletic Events & Sports Management Group (ACES), Inc. The league was envisioned to provide former collegiate players a league with which they can continue with their volleyball career.

The PSL also had a men's division from 2013 to 2014, although its beach volleyball tournament both have a women's and men's division since its inception.

In 2021, the PSL was left without any active team after all teams either filed a leave of absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic or moved to the newly professionalized Premier Volleyball League, the PSL's rival league.
St. Vrain massacre
The St. Vrain massacre was a tragic incident in the Black Hawk War. It occurred near present-day Pearl City, Illinois, in Kellogg's Grove, on May 24, 1832. The massacre was most likely committed by Ho-Chunk warriors who were unaffiliated with Black Hawk's band of warriors. It is also unlikely that the group of Ho-Chunk had the sanction of their nation. Killed in the massacre were United States Indian Agent Felix St. Vrain and three of his companions. Some accounts reported that St. Vrain's body was mutilated.

St. Vrain and his party were attacked while en route from Dixon's Ferry, Illinois (now Dixon) to Galena, Illinois. St. Vrain had been ordered by General Henry Atkinson to deliver dispatches to Fort Armstrong. Colonel Henry Dodge's men interred the remains of St. Vrain and his companions after the massacre.

Sauk people
The Sauk or Sac (Sauk: Thâkîwaki) are Native Americans and Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their historical territory was near Green Bay, Wisconsin. Today they have three tribes based in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. Their federally recognized tribes are:

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska

Sac and Fox Nation, Oklahoma

Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa.

They are closely allied with the Meskwaki people. Their Sauk language is part of the Algonquian language family.
Tarxien phase
The Tarxien phase is one of the eleven phases of Maltese prehistory. It is named for the temple complex discovered near the village of Ħal Tarxien, and now recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The Tarxien phase, from approximately 3000 to 2500 BCE, follows the Saflieni phase and is the last phase of the Temple period, during which the principal megalithic temples of Malta were built.

Tarxien Temples
The Ħal Tarxien Prehistoric Complex (Maltese: Il-kumpless Preistoriku ta' Ħal Tarxien [ɪl kʊmˈplɛsː prɛɪ̯sˈtɔːrɪkʊ tɐ ˈħɐl tɐrˈʃɪːn]) is an archaeological complex in Tarxien, within the Port region of Malta. They date to approximately 3400 BC. The site was accepted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 along with the other Megalithic temples on the island of Malta.
Vijay Laxmi Gautam
Vijay Laxmi Gautam is an Indian politician and Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh and a member of 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly. She represents the Salempur constituency of Uttar Pradesh. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.