hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Głuchów
Gmina Głuchów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Głuchów, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Skierniewice and 42 km (26 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 111.31 square kilometres (43.0 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 6,001.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Kalyāṇa-mittatā
Kalyāṇa-mittatā (Pali; Skt.: -mitratā; CHN: 善知識) is a Buddhist concept of "admirable friendship" within Buddhist community life, applicable to both monastic and householder relationships.  One involved in such a relationship is known as a "good friend", "virtuous friend", "noble friend" or "admirable friend" (kalyāṇa-mitta, -mitra).

Aṅguttara Nikāya
The Aṅguttara Nikāya (aṅguttaranikāya; lit. 'Increased-by-One Collection', also translated "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the fourth of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that comprise the Pāli Tipiṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism. This nikāya consists of several thousand discourses ascribed to the Buddha and his chief disciples arranged in eleven "books", according to the number of Dhamma items referenced in them.
Minangkabau culture
Minangkabau culture (Minangkabau: budayo Minangkabau) is one of the native Sumatran cultures, it encompass the culture of the Minangkabau – the indigenous Indonesian people native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra (most specifically in Western Sumatra). This culture is one of the major cultures in the Sumatran sphere.

Minangkabau culture adheres to a matrilineal system in terms of marriage, ethnicity, inheritance, and customary titles. The Minangkabau people survive as the world's largest matrilineal adherents. The principles of Minangkabau custom in modern-days are contained in the statement of "Adaik basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah" (lit. 'the [Minangkabau] customs have to be Islamic (Sharia), [and those] Islamic [means] have to be based on Quran'), refers to the Islamized-based customary laws that are commonly adhered by the predominant Minangkabau Muslims.

Hamka
Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah, better known by his pen name Hamka (17 February 1908 – 24 July 1981), was an Indonesian ʿālim, philosopher, writer, novelist, lecturer, politician and journalist.

First affiliated with the Masyumi Party, until it was disbanded due to connection to the PRRI rebellion, Hamka was jailed because he was close to other PRRI members. He also served as the inaugural chief cleric of the Indonesian Ulema Council, and was active in Muhammadiyah until he died. Al-Azhar University and Malaysian National University both granted him honorary doctorates, while Moestopo University of Jakarta appointed him a Distinguished Professor.

Hamka is further honoured by being the namesake of Hamka Muhammadiyah University in Jakarta, and is named an Indonesian National Hero.
Kosmos 2241
Kosmos 2241 (Russian: Космос 2241 meaning Cosmos 2241) was a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite launched in 1993 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite was designed to detect missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2241 was launched from Site 43/4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used for the launch, which took place at 19:07 UTC on 6 April 1993. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1993-051A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22594.

On 8 March 2022, Kosmos 2241 decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
Phase detector
A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs.

The phase detector is an essential element of the phase-locked loop (PLL). Detecting phase difference is important in other applications, such as motor control, radar and telecommunication systems, servo mechanisms, and demodulators.

Analog multiplier
An analog multiplier is an electronic circuit that produces an output level that is the mathematical product of the levels of its two analog signal inputs. Such circuits may be used to implement related functions such as squares by applying the same signal to both inputs, and square roots.
Rau peoples
The Rau people (Zhuang: Bouxraeuz), also known as Lao (Chinese: 僚人; pinyin: Lǎorén; Lao: ລາວ), were an ethnic group of ancient China. Their descendants are the Zhuang, Buyei, Tày–Nùng and other Kra–Dai-speaking peoples.

Biao language
The Biao language (Chinese: 标话; also known as Kang Bau or Kang Beu) is a Kra–Dai language (or perhaps three languages) spoken in southwestern Huaiji County and Fengkai County, Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Autonyms are kaːŋ11 peu̯55 and kaːŋ11 paːu̯55.

Biao speakers are officially classified as ethnic Han by the Chinese government.
Alchemy Stars
Alchemy Stars was a free-to-play tactical role-playing and strategy mobile game developed by Tourdog Studio and published by Level Infinite. It was released globally on 17 June 2021 for Android and iOS devices, with a Chinese version released on 13 June 2023. The game shut down on 24 January 2025; a limited offline version was made available to existing installations.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Egg substitutes
Egg substitutes are food products which can be used to replace eggs in cooking and baking. Common reasons a cook may choose to use an egg substitute instead of egg(s) include having an egg allergy, adhering to a vegan diet or a vegetarian diet of a type that omits eggs, having concerns about the level of animal welfare or environmental burden associated with egg farming, or worries about potential Salmonella contamination when using raw eggs. There is a growing movement to address some of these concerns via third-party certifications, but because many labels in the industry remain confusing or intentionally misleading, some consumers distrust them and may use egg substitutes instead.

Free-range eggs
Free-range eggs are eggs produced from birds that may be permitted outdoors. The term "free-range" may be used differently depending on the country and the relevant laws.

Eggs from hens that are only indoors might also be labelled cage-free, barn, barn-roaming or aviary, following the animal happiness certification policies, also known as "happy chickens" or "happy eggs". This is different from birds that are reared in systems labelled as battery cages or furnished cages.
Ab ovo
Ab ovo is Latin for "from the beginning, the origin, the egg". The term is a reference to one of the twin eggs from which Helen of Troy was born. The eggs were laid by Leda after Zeus, disguised as a swan, either seduced and mated with or raped her, according to different versions. Had Leda not laid the egg, Helen would not have been born, so Paris could not have eloped with her, so there would have been no Trojan War.

Leda (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Leda (/ˈliːdə, ˈleɪ-/; Ancient Greek: Λήδα [lɛ́ːdaː]), also rendered Lede, was an Aetolian princess who became queen consort of Sparta through her marriage to King Tyndareus. Zeus fell in love with Leda, and to avoid his wife Hera's jealousy, seduced her while disguised as a swan. Leda was named as the mother of four famous children in Greek mythology: Helen of Troy, Clytemnestra, and the twins Castor and Pollux. Leda and the Swan was a popular motif in the visual arts, particularly during the Renaissance.
Kleiner Arber
The Kleiner Arber, sometimes also the Little Arber, in the Bavarian Forest is a mountain, 1,383.6 m above sea level (NHN), and the highest peak in the Bavarian province of Upper Palatinate. The border with Lower Bavaria runs over its summit and that of the Großer or Great Arber (1,455.5 m above NHN) to the east. An elongated rock outcrop west of the summit cross is the actual highest point in the Upper Palatinate (1,439.6 m).

On the rocky summit is an imposing wooden cross and summit register. The view extends over the  Lamer Winkel into the Zellertal valley.

Lamer Winkel
The Lamer Winkel is a region in the northern Bavarian Forest between the mountains of Hoher Bogen, Osser, Arber and Kaitersberg; politically it belongs to the county of Cham in the Bavarian province of Upper Palatinate.
Edward Klabiński
Edward Klabiński (7 August 1920 – 4 March 1997) was a professional racing cyclist from Poland. He was the first cyclist from Poland to take part in the Tour de France. He finished in 34th place at the 1947 Tour de France. He also rode in the 1948 Tour de France where he finished 2nd on two stages, and placed 18th overall.
Klabiński won the first edition of the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré.

Grand Prix de Fourmies
The Grand Prix de Fourmies is a bicycle race held in the Fourmies commune of France. From 2005 to 2019 it was  organised as a 1.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. In 2021, it joined the UCI ProSeries, after being cancelled in 2020.
Benson Lock
Benson Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England, close to Benson, Oxfordshire but on the opposite bank of the river. The first pound lock here was built by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1788 and it was replaced by the present masonry lock in 1870.   The distance between Benson Lock and Cleeve Lock downstream is 6.5 miles (10.4 km) - the longest distance between locks on the River Thames.

The weir runs from the lock island level with the lock across to the Benson side. There is a footbridge over the weir which replaced the ferry which operated here previously. The Thames Path crosses the river here.

Cleeve Lock
Cleeve Lock is a lock on the River Thames, in Oxfordshire, England. It is located just upstream of Goring and  Streatley villages, on the eastern side of the river within the village of Goring. There was a hamlet of Cleeve, after which the lock is named, but it dropped out of use, as always part of Goring.

The first lock was built in 1787 by the Thames Navigation Commissioners. The reach above the lock is the longest, and the reach below it is the shortest, on the non-tidal river.

The weir runs to an island below the lock, and there are further weirs between islands downstream.
Ukkusissat Heliport
Ukkusissat Heliport (IATA: JUK, ICAO: BGUT) is a heliport in Ukkusissat, a village in the Uummannaq Fjord system in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. The heliport is considered a helistop, and is served by Air Greenland as part of a government contract. There are no facilities at the helistop; check-in is administered in the Pilersuisoq communal store, the central point of the settlement.

On the way from Uummannaq Heliport, Air Greenland helicopters fly alongside the southern and western wall of Appat Island, to then pass above the narrow Appat Ikerat strait between Appat and the smaller Salleq Island, a high, standalone flooded mountain.

Avannaata
Avannaata (Greenlandic pronunciation: [avanːaːta], Danish: Norden, lit. 'The North') is a municipality of Greenland created on 1 January 2018 from the bulk of the former Qaasuitsup municipality. It encompasses an area of 522,700 km2 and has 10,989 inhabitants.
Old Stone House (Millboro Springs, Virginia)
Old Stone House, also known as the Robert Sitlington House, is a historic home located near Millboro Springs, Bath County, Virginia. It was built about 1790, and is a two-story, three-bay, rectangular stone dwelling.  It features a two-story gallery added in the late-19th century and an interior end brick chimney at each gable end. It is believed to be the oldest known stone house in the county, and it is one of the few examples of stone architecture of any period in the area.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Bath County, Virginia
Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley on the central western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,209, making it the second-least populous county in Virginia. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs, while the largest community is Hot Springs.

Established in 1790, Bath County was named for the natural hot springs found in the region. The county is known for its mountainous terrain and picturesque landscapes, including the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests.
Dardanelle and Russellville Railroad
The Dardanelle and Russellville Railroad Company (D&R) (reporting mark DR) is a Class III short-line railroad headquartered in Russellville, Arkansas.

D&R operates a 4.8-mile (7.7 km) line in Arkansas from Russellville (where it interchanges with Union Pacific) to North Dardanelle, across the Arkansas River from Dardanelle, Arkansas.  Current D&R traffic generally consists of pulp board, plastics, and forest products.  D&R is currently owned by Arkansas Shortline Railroads, Inc., a short-line railroad holding company.

Russellville, Arkansas
Russellville is the county seat of and the largest city in Pope County, Arkansas, United States, with a 2025 estimated population of 30,971. It is home to Arkansas Tech University. Arkansas Nuclear One, Arkansas' only nuclear power plant, is nearby. Russellville borders Lake Dardanelle and the Arkansas River..

It is the principal city of the Russellville micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Pope and Yell Counties. Under Arkansas Code Title 14, Russellville is a city of the first class.
Zhang Ling (runner)
Zhang Ling (born 13 April 1980) is a female Chinese middle-distance runner.

On 18 October 1997 in Shanghai she ran the 1500 metres in 3:54.52 minutes. This ranked her eighth in the world all-time lists, behind Qu Yunxia, Jiang Bo, Lang Yinglai, Wang Junxia, Tatyana Kazankina, Yin Lili, Paula Ivan, Lan Lixin and Olga Dvirna. This is also the world record for youth (aged 17 or less) athletes.

Lan Lixin
Lan Lixin (Chinese: 兰丽新; born 14 February 1979) is a female Chinese middle-distance runner.

On 18 October 1997 in Shanghai she ran the 1500 metres in 3:53.97 minutes. This ranks her eighth in the world of all time, behind Qu Yunxia, Jiang Bo, Lang Yinglai, Wang Junxia, Tatyana Kazankina, Yin Lili and Paula Ivan.

At the 1998 World Junior Championships she won the 1500 metres.
National Committee
The National Committee (Greek: Εθνικό Κομιτάτο) was a Greek political party founded by Epameinondas Deligiorgis.

The party was founded in 1865, and was composed by young revolutionaries who helped to overthrow King Otto, ending his semi-absolutist reign. The party wasn't linked with the traditional parties (English, French and Russian), and wasn't associated with a particular ideology.
The National Committee tried to establish a strong parliamentary system, along with economic modernization, supporting the creation of infrastructures. It also campaigned for a military reform and a cultural expansion in the Ottoman Empire.

However, the absence of a strong party's apparatus caused its dissolution after Deligiorgis' death in 1879.

French Party
The French Party (Greek: Γαλλικό Κόμμα, romanized: Galliko Komma), presenting itself as the Constitutional Party (Greek: Συνταγματικό Κόμμα), was one of the three informal early Greek parties that dominated the early political history of Modern Greece, the other two being the Russian and the English Party.
2019 Volvo Car Open
The 2019 Volvo Car Open was a women's tennis event on the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place between April 1 and April 7, 2019 and was the 47th edition of the Charleston Open tournament and a Premier level tournament. The event took place at the Family Circle Tennis Center, on Daniel Island, Charleston, United States. It was the only event of the clay court season played on green clay. Eighth-seeded Madison Keys won the singles title.

2019 WTA Tour
The 2019 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2019 tennis season. The 2019 WTA Tour calendar was composed of the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). The Hopman Cup, organized by the ITF, also is included but did not distribute ranking points.

Prior to the season, the WTA announced usage of a shot clock at all Premier events. Players had have a minute to get on court, five minutes to warm up, and one minute to start the match. The time allotted to players in between points has been increased from 20 to 25 seconds. Finally, players were allowed only one toilet break in a match.
Elsa Riepert
Elsa Augusta J. Riepert (13 February 1890 - 15 June 1961) was active in both Girl Guides of Canada and Girl Scouts of the USA. She received the highest award for adults from both movements, the Silver Fish Award from Girl Guides and the Thanks Badge from GSUSA.

Girl Guides of Canada
Girl Guides of Canada (GGC; French: Guides du Canada) is the national Guiding association of Canada. Guiding in Canada started on September 7, 1910, and GGC was among the founding members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) in 1928.
Julius L. Clarke
Julius Laurens Clarke (November 13, 1828 – November 22, 1907) was an American newspaper publisher and politician who served as Massachusetts Auditor, and as Massachusetts' Insurance Commissioner.

Clarke was born in Chatham, Connecticut, in an area that became Portland, Connecticut.

In 1845 Clarke started the first daily newspaper in Worcester, Massachusetts. The Worcester Transcript was started on the June 9, 1845.

Massachusetts State Auditor
The state auditor of Massachusetts is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Twenty-six individuals have occupied the office of state auditor since the office's creation in 1849. The incumbent is Diana DiZoglio, a Democrat.
South Sauty Creek
South Sauty Creek is 32.25 miles (51.90 km) long with a drainage area of 125.8 square miles (326 km2), and is a tributary to the Tennessee River. The river rises in DeKalb County, Alabama, and flows generally southwest along Sand Mountain from its headwaters before turning generally west and flowing off of Sand Mountain, through Buck's Pocket, terminating shortly afterwards into Lake Guntersville in an area known as Morgan's Cove.  South Sauty forms the Buck's Pocket canyon as the creek falls from the north side of Sand Mountain (Alabama).

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
March 701
The March 701 is a Formula One racing car model, designed by Robin Herd with Peter Wright, and built by March Engineering. The 701 was March's first Formula One design – following their one-off March 693P Formula Three prototype of 1969 – and was designed and built in only three months. The March 701 made its race debut a month after its public unveiling, at the 1970 South African Grand Prix. In total, eleven 701s were constructed, with March supplying many privateer entrants as well as their own works team. The 701's career started well, March drivers taking three wins and three pole positions from the car's first four race entries, but lack of development through the 1970 Formula One season resulted in increasingly poor results as the year wore on. The 701 was superseded by the March 711 in 1971, and made its last World Championship race appearance at the 1971 Italian Grand Prix.

Lotus 49
The Lotus 49 was a Formula One racing car designed by Colin Chapman and Maurice Philippe for the 1967 F1 season. It was one of the first F1 cars to use a stressed member engine combined with a monocoque to reduce weight, after BRM, with other teams adopting the concept after its success. An iteration of it, the 49B, adopted, after Ferrari, the use of strutted aerofoils to generate downforce.

Jim Clark won on the car's debut, in 1967, and it would also provide him with the last win of his career, in 1968. Graham Hill went on to win that year's title and the car continued winning races until 1970.
Trichospira
Trichospira is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

The only known species is Trichospira verticillata, native to the tropical parts of the Western Hemisphere.

Vernonieae
Vernonieae is a tribe of about 1300 species of plants in the aster family.  They are mostly found in the tropics and warmer temperate areas, both in the Americas and the Old World. They are mostly herbaceous plants or shrubs, although there is at least one tree species, Strobocalyx arborea.
Kaurismäki
Kaurismäki is a Finnish surname The name 'wikt:kauris' + wikt:mäki literally means "deer hill". Notable people with the surname include:

Aki Kaurismäki (born 1957), Finnish film director and screenwriter, brother of Mika

Juha Kaunismäki (born 1979), Norwegian hockey player

Mika Kaurismäki (born 1955), Finnish film director

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.