hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
395th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 395th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army, part of the 99th Infantry Division during World War II. It was organized with the rest of the 99th on 16 November 1942 at Camp Van Dorn, Mississippi. During the Battle of the Bulge, the regiment—at times virtually surrounded by Germans—was one of the few units that did not yield ground to the attacking Germans.: 33  On at least six occasions they called in artillery strikes on or directly in front of their own positions. Their success in defending Höfen resulted in the 395th Infantry being repeatedly assigned to other divisions for difficult assignments during the remainder of the war, earning them the sobriquet, Butler's Blue Battlin' Bastards. The unit was inactivated after World War II, then became a reserve unit, and was redesignated as the 395th Regiment in 1999.

Siegfried Line
The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall ([ˈvɛstˌval], 'western rampart'), was a German defensive line built during the late 1930s. Started in 1936, opposite the French Maginot Line, it stretched more than 630 km (390 mi) from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of Nazi Germany, to the town of Weil am Rhein on the border with Switzerland. The line featured more than 18,000 bunkers, tunnels and tank traps.

From September 1944 to March 1945, the Siegfried Line was subjected to a large-scale Allied offensive.
2014 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The Men's Allam British Open 2014 is the men's edition of the 2014 British Open Squash Championships, which is a PSA World Series event Platinum (Prize money : 150,000 $). The event took place at the Sports Arena in Hull in England from 12–20 May 2014. Grégory Gaultier won his second British Open trophy, beating Nick Matthew in the final.

2014 PSA World Series
The PSA World Series 2014 is a series of men's squash tournaments which are part of the Professional Squash Association (PSA) World Tour for the 2014 squash season. The PSA World Series tournaments are some of the most prestigious events on the men's tour. Mohamed El Shorbagy won the 2014 PSA World Series followed by Grégory Gaultier and Ramy Ashour.
Watts Bank
Watts Bank is a  1.9-hectare (4.7-acre) nature reserve  south of Lambourn in Berkshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. It is designated a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest as White Shute.

Watts Bank is a small chalk grassland bank. It has had over 30 butterfly species recorded.

Lambourn
Lambourn /ˈlæmbɔːrn/ is a village and civil parish in Berkshire, England. It lies just north of the M4 Motorway between Swindon and Newbury, and borders Wiltshire to the west and Oxfordshire to the north. After Newmarket it is the largest centre of racehorse training in England, and is home to a rehabilitation centre for injured jockeys, an equine hospital, and several leading jockeys and trainers. To the north of the village are the prehistoric Seven Barrows and the nearby long barrow. In 2004 the Crow Down Hoard was found close to the village.
Gamma Volantis
Gamma Volantis, Latinized from γ Volantis, is a wide binary star system in the southern constellation of Volans. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 133 light years from Earth. It is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye and can be found around 9° to the east-southeast of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

The brighter component, designated γ2 Volantis, is an orange K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III and an apparent magnitude of +3.62, making this the brightest star in the constellation. Its companion, γ1 Volantis, is an F-type main-sequence star of classification F2 V and an apparent magnitude of +5.70. As of 2002, the pair were at an angular separation of 14.1″ along a position angle of 296°. Their separation has decreased from 15.7″ in 1826. The secondary is a source of X-ray emission with a luminosity of 8.3×1028 erg s−1.

F-type main-sequence star
An F-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence, core-hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F. The spectral luminosity class is V. They have from around 1.1 to 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 6,000 and 7,200 K. This temperature range gives the F-type stars a whitish hue when observed through the atmosphere. Notable examples include Procyon A, Gamma Virginis A and B, and Tabby's Star.
Kostas Tsanas
Kostas Tsanas (Greek: Κώστας Τσάνας; born 22 August 1967) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current technical director of the Hellenic Football Federation.

2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was the 61st edition of UEFA's European Under-19 Championship (the eleventh since the age competition change to an Under-19 level) and took place in Estonia from 3 to 15 July. Spain were the defending champions. This competition also acted as a qualifying competition for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup, as six sides from Europe qualify.

Players born after 1 January 1993 were eligible to participate in this competition.
Ishkoman Valley
The Ishkoman (Urdu: اشکومن) valley lies in the north of Ghizer District in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It borders Afghanistan and the Pamir Wakhan Corridor. Its altitude ranges from 7,000 to 12,000 feet (2,100 to 3,700 m) above sea level. The languages spoken here include Shina, Khowar, Brushaski and Wakhi.

Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia. They are located at a junction with other notable mountains, namely the Tian Shan, the Karakoram, the Kunlun, the Hindu Kush, and the Himalayas. They are among the world's highest mountains.

Much of the range lies in the Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan. Spanning the border parts of four countries, to the south, they border the Hindu Kush mountains along Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in Badakhshan Province, Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan regions of Pakistan. To the north, they join the Tian Shan mountains along the Alay Valley of Kyrgyzstan. To the east, they extend to the range that includes China's Kongur Tagh, in the "Eastern Pamirs", separated by the Yarkand valley from the Kunlun Mountains.

Since the Victorian era, they have been known as the "Roof of the World", presumably a translation from Persian.
Binter Mediterráneo
Binter Mediterráneo was a Spanish airline with its head office in the Domestic Departures area of Málaga Airport in Málaga, Spain., the airline was created in 1988 in the likeness of Binter Canarias, another a subsidiary of Iberia LAE. Binter Mediterráneo was based in Madrid and operated a fleet that consisted of five CASA CN-235 aircraft.

Binter Mediterráneo linked the city of Melilla to Málaga, Almeria, Valencia and in its last year, with Madrid. Binter ceased operations after one of its planes crashed on 29 August 2001 in the vicinity of Málaga airport while performing the Melilla-Malaga route. It was sold by Iberia in June 2001 to its franchise Air Nostrum, owned by Nefinsa .

Air Nostrum, an independent Iberia franchise operator, acquired Binter Mediterráneo in 2001 and absorbed its operations. It replaced the remaining CN-235s with ATR-72s.

Air Nostrum
Air Nostrum (doing business as Iberia Regional) is a Spanish regional airline based in Valencia that merged with CityJet in 2023, forming the region's largest aviation holding company, Strategic Alliance of Regional Airlines (SARA).

An affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance, it operates 91 domestic and international routes to 51 destinations, and charter flights. Its main base is Valencia Airport, with hubs at Barcelona–El Prat Airport, Madrid–Barajas Airport and Palma de Mallorca airport.

Limited operations are also carried out on behalf of Brussels Airlines, replacing related wet-lease specialist airline CityJet, having begun in late 2018. Air Nostrum is also a part owner of Iryo, a Spanish high-speed rail service which began operating in November 2022.
Yutong City Master
The Yutong City Master is a low-floor double-decker bus that was first designed for JSP Skopje, the public company which has operated bus services in Skopje since 1948. The bus is designed in a "retro" style reminiscent of London Transport's AEC Routemaster. A total of 217 City Masters, including 15 open-top buses, were built for use in Skopje.

On 14 April 2010, the government of the Republic of Macedonia ordered 202 double-decker buses from the Chinese manufacturer Yutong, totalling €35.5 million.

The first 68 City Masters were put into service in Skopje on 6 September 2011. The total number of the buses increased to 217, including 15 open-top buses with removable roofs for city sightseeing services. The cost of the project was over €41 million, which was paid by the Macedonian government.

Some City Masters were also built for service in Chinese cities, including Guangzhou and Jiangmen.

Open top bus
An open top bus is a bus, usually but not exclusively a double-decker bus, which has been built or modified to operate without a roof. Early buses were constructed without roofs but in more recent times they have only been built for tourist and sightseeing services. Some are made by removing all or part of the roof from a more conventional bus.
2026 South and Central American Men's Handball Championship
The 2026 South and Central American Men's Handball Championship was the fourth edition of the South and Central American Men's Handball Championship, held from 19 to 24 January 2026 in Asunción, Paraguay. It acted as the South and Central American qualifying tournament for the 2027 World Men's Handball Championship.

Argentina won the title for the second time.

South and Central American Men's Handball Championship
The South and Central American Men's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior national handball teams of South America and Central America, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the South and Central American champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the World Handball Championship. The first tournament was held in 2020 in Maringá, Brazil.
International Convention of University Presses
The International Convention of University Presses is an annual meeting at the Frankfurt Book Fair since 2013, where around 100 university presses from around the world meet and discuss joint challenges.

University press
A  university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. They are often an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by scholars in the field. They produce mainly academic works but also often have trade books for a lay audience. These trade books also get peer reviewed. Many but not all university presses are nonprofit organizations, including the 160 members of the Association of University Presses.

Because scholarly books are mostly unprofitable, university presses may also publish textbooks and reference works, which tend to have larger audiences and sell more copies. Most university presses operate at a loss and are subsidized by their owners; others are required to break even. Demand has fallen as library budgets are cut and the online sales of used books undercut the new book market. Many presses are experimenting with electronic publishing.
Backward invention
Backward invention is a product strategy in international marketing in which an existing product may have to be re-engineered or dumbed down by the company to be released in Less Developed Countries, often at a cheaper rate.

Doing so can often breathe new life into an obsolete product by the company or even target people too poor to afford the actual product.

Product strategy
Product strategy defines the high-level plan for developing and marketing a product, how the product supports the business strategy and goals, and is brought to life through product roadmaps. A product strategy describes a vision of the future with this product, the ideal customer profile and market to serve, go-to-market and positioning (marketing), thematic areas of investment, and measures of success. A product strategy sets the direction for new product development. Companies utilize the product strategy in strategic planning and marketing to set the direction of the company's activities. The product strategy is composed of a variety of sequential processes in order for the vision to be effectively achieved. The strategy must be clear in terms of the target customer and market of the product in order to plan the roadmap needed to achieve strategic goals and give customers better value.
Nassella pulchra
Nassella pulchra, basionym Stipa pulchra, is a species of grass known by the common names purple needlegrass and purple tussockgrass. It is native to the U.S. state of California, where it occurs throughout the coastal hills, valleys, and mountain ranges, as well as the Sacramento Valley and parts of the Sierra Nevada foothills, and Baja California.

It grows in many types of local habitat, including grassland, chaparral, and oak woodland. It grows well on clay and serpentine soils.

California chaparral and woodlands
The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of southwestern Oregon, northern, central, and southern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico), located on the west coast of North America. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, and part of the Nearctic realm.
1980 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament
The 1980 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, from April 22 through 26. Clemson won the tournament and earned the Atlantic Coast Conference's automatic bid to the 1980 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  The tournament was the first held since 1978, as conflicts with exams caused the cancellation of the 1979 tournament.

Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament
The Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament, sometimes referred to simply as the ACC tournament, is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In 2017, the event adopted a modified twelve-team pool play format.  The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I baseball tournament.
Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre platform
The women's 10 metre platform, also reported as high diving or platform diving, was one of four diving events on the Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics programme. It was the 12th appearance of the event, which has been held at every Olympic Games since the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The diving competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City featured four events. It was one of three aquatic sports at the Games, along with swimming, and water polo.

The events were men's and women's versions of 3m springboard and 10m platform.

The diving competitions featured up to 81 athletes.
NGC 4619
NGC 4619 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Canes Venatici. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 7,176±18 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 345.2 ± 24.2 Mly (105.84 ± 7.41 Mpc). However, 15 non-redshift measurements give a closer mean distance of 331.74 ± 12.34 Mly (101.713 ± 3.783 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 1 May 1785.

NGC 4619 is a Seyfert II galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

Canes Venatici
Canes Venatici (/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/ KAY-neez vin-AT-iss-eye) is one of the 88 constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is a small northern constellation that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Its name is Latin for 'hunting dogs', and the constellation is often depicted in illustrations as representing the dogs of Boötes the Herdsman, a neighboring constellation.

Cor Caroli is the constellation's brightest star, with an apparent magnitude of 2.9. La Superba (Y CVn) is one of the reddest naked-eye stars and one of the brightest carbon stars. The Whirlpool Galaxy is a spiral galaxy tilted face-on to observers on Earth, and was the first galaxy whose spiral nature was discerned. In addition, quasar TON 618 is one of the most massive black holes with the mass of 66 billion solar masses.
Varazdat
Varazdat (Armenian: Վարազդատ; flourished 4th century) was the king of Arsacid Armenia from 374/375 until 378. He was installed on the throne by the Roman emperor Valens after the assassination of his kinsman King Pap.

Stepan Malkhasyants
Stepan Sargsi Malkhasyants (Armenian: Ստեփան Սարգսի Մալխասյանց; November 7 [O.S. October 25] 1857 – July 21, 1947) was an Armenian academician, philologist, linguist, and lexicographer. An expert in classical Armenian literature, Malkhasyants created the critical editions and translated the works of many classical Armenian historians into modern Armenian and contributed seventy years of his life to the advancement of the study of the Armenian language.
Dii Consentes
The Dii Consentes, also known as Di or Dei Consentes (once Dii Complices), or The Harmonious Gods, is an ancient list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Roman Forum, and later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium.

The gods were listed by the poet Ennius in the late 3rd century BCE in a paraphrase of an unknown Greek poet:

Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venus
Mars, Mercurius, Iovis, Neptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo

Livy arranges them in six male-female pairs: Jupiter-Juno, Neptune-Minerva, Mars-Venus, Apollo-Diana, Vulcan-Vesta and Mercury-Ceres. Three of the Dii Consentes formed the Capitoline Triad: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva.

Vulcan (mythology)
Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. The Vulcanalia was the annual festival held August 23 in his honor. His Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans.

Vulcan belongs to the most ancient stage of Roman religion: Varro, the ancient Roman scholar and writer, citing the Annales Maximi, records that king Titus Tatius dedicated altars to a series of deities including Vulcan.
This Is the Shack
This Is the Shack is the debut studio album by American G-funk trio The Dove Shack. It was released on August 22, 1995, by G-Funk Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings. The album peaked at #68 on the US Billboard 200 and #13 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Its lead single, "Summertime in the LBC" featuring Arnita Porter, peaked at #54 on the Hot 100, #37 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #11 on the Hot Rap Songs, #47 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, #39 on the Rhythmic, and was featured on the 1995 film The Show. Its second single, Young Jedi-produced "We Funk (The G Funk)", peaked at #44 on the Hot Rap Songs. The title track, "This Is the Shack", previously appeared on Warren G's debut album Regulate... G Funk Era, released a year prior to this album, albeit in a slightly different version.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Arsenate sulfate
Arsenate sulfate refers to a class of inorganic compounds containing both arsenate (AsO43−) and sulfate (SO42−) anions, often found in mineral forms or as secondary products in geochemical and industrial processes. These compounds are typically associated with arsenic-rich environments, such as mine tailings, hydrothermal systems, and hypersaline lakes, where arsenic and sulfur coexist. Arsenate sulfates are of interest in mineralogy, environmental chemistry, and biogeochemistry due to their role in arsenic mobility, toxicity, and microbial interactions. A notable example is beudantite.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Elliptic unit
In mathematics, elliptic units are certain units of abelian extensions of imaginary quadratic fields constructed using singular values of modular functions, or division values of elliptic functions. They were introduced by Gilles Robert in 1973, and were used by John Coates and Andrew Wiles in their work on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. Elliptic units are an analogue for imaginary quadratic fields of cyclotomic units. They form an example of an Euler system.

Quadratic field
In algebraic number theory, a quadratic field is an algebraic number field of degree two over , the rational numbers.

Every such quadratic field is some  where  is a (uniquely defined) square-free integer different from  and . If , the corresponding quadratic field is called a real quadratic field, and, if , it is called an imaginary quadratic field or a complex quadratic field, corresponding to whether or not it is a subfield of the field of the real numbers.

Quadratic fields have been studied in great depth, initially as part of the theory of binary quadratic forms. There remain some unsolved problems. The class number problem is particularly important.
Malcolm Gill
George Malcolm Gill (born 23 May 1934) was Chief Cashier of the Bank of England from 1988 to 1991. The signature of the Chief Cashier appears on British banknotes. Gill was replaced as Chief Cashier by Graham Kentfield. He was one of the shortest serving Chief Cashiers and during Gill's tenancy, two different £5 notes were issued with his signature.

Gill joined the Bank of England in 1957 after completing his National Service. From 1966 to 1968 he was part of the UK delegation to the International Monetary Fund in Washington and in 1972 he was secretary to the bank's governor, Lord O'Brien. In 1977, he was seconded to the Treasury and in 1982 he was made head of the Foreign Exchange Division. He joined the Bank for International Settlements in 1991 and retired in 1999.

Graham Kentfield
Graham Edward Alfred Kentfield (born 3 September 1940) was Chief Cashier of the Bank of England from 1991 to 1998. The signature of the Chief Cashier appears on British banknotes. Kentfield was replaced as Chief Cashier by Merlyn Lowther.