hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marburg Central Collecting Point
The Marburg Central Collecting Point, also known as the Marburg Central Art Collecting Point, was the first art depot in Post-World War II Germany. It was established by the U.S. Office of Military Government in the university town of Marburg to collect art looted or evacuated from museums, libraries, archives, castles, etc. before and during World War II and return them to their rightful owners. The Collecting Point existed between May 1945 and mid-August 1946.

Looted art
Looted art has been a consequence of looting during war, natural disaster and riot for centuries. Looting of art, archaeology and other cultural property may be an opportunistic criminal act or may be a more organized case of unlawful or unethical pillage by the victor of a conflict.  The term "looted art" reflects bias, and whether particular art has been taken legally or illegally is often the subject of conflicting laws and subjective interpretations of governments and people; use of the term "looted art" in reference to a particular art object implies that the art was taken illicitly.

Related terms include art theft (the stealing of valuable artifacts, mostly because of commercial reasons), illicit antiquities (covertly traded antiquities or artifacts of archaeological interest, found in illegal or unregulated excavations), provenance (the origin or source of a piece of art), and art repatriation (the process of returning artworks and antiques to their rightful owners).
Narail railway station
Narail Railway Station is one of two railway stations  on Dhaka–Jessore line located in Narail, Bangladesh. It is one of two railway stations in the Narail District are constructed under Padma Bridge Rail Link project.

Narail District
Narail District (Bengali: নড়াইল জেলা) is a district in south-western Bangladesh. It is a part of Khulna Division.

As 'B' Category district 'NARAIL' has privatly own smart app management system as  'Narail District Social Security Reporting' Narail DSSR. Where people of Narail District  can make complaints, report against society's  corruptions , extortions, roberry, online gambling or anti-social activities, those reports will automatically proceed  to the relevant   law enforcement authorities in real time.
Hurlbut Memorial Gate
Hurlbut Memorial Gate is a monumental structure, 132 ft (40 m) long, 50 ft (15 m) high, and 40 ft (12 m) in depth, at the entry way to Water Works Park located at East Jefferson Avenue and Cadillac Boulevard in a historic area of Detroit, Michigan. It is named after Chauncey (sometimes "Chauncy") Hurlbut, a 19th-century Detroit grocer, president of the Board of Water Commissioners, and philanthropist. The gate was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The monument was built in 1894 and fully restored in 2007.

East Jefferson Avenue Residential TR
The East Jefferson Avenue Residential District in Detroit, Michigan, includes the Thematic Resource (TR) in the multiple property submission to the National Register of Historic Places which was approved on October 9, 1985. The structures are single-family and multiple-unit residential buildings with construction dates spanning nearly a century, from 1835 to 1931. The area is located on the lower east side of the city.
Šulaičiai, Kėdainiai
Šulaičiai (formerly Russian: Шолайци) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 10 people. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Krakės, by the Paliūnys rivulet. There is a cemetery.

Krakės
Krakės (formerly Krakiai ) is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Smilgaitis River. In the town, there are the Catholic church of St. Matthew the Evangelist (built in 1907), Mikalojus Katkus gymnasium, library, medicine station, St. Catherine women convent, Krakės Agriculture Cooperative with former culture center, swimming pool and shop (built in 1983, architect K. Žalnierius). There is the Vytautas Ulevičius museum of wooden sculptures.

Krakės is on the eastern boundary of the Nevėžis Plain, on the Krakės Ridge (altitude 95–100 meters). Roads go to Betygala, Grinkiškis, Kėdainiai, Bokštai, Gudžiūnai and Josvainiai. The Krakės-Dotnuva Forest is 2–3 km away from the town.
Govindbhai Shekhda
Govindbhai Shekhda (Gujarati: ગોવિંદભાઈ શેખડા) was an academic, politician and activist, born in Junagadh, Gujarat, India. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in agricultural science at College of Agriculture. His political career spanned from a village Sarpanch to a member of parliament for Junagadh representing Janata Dal in the 9th Lok Sabha.  Later, after serving as director of campus for Junagadh Campus for six years he served the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University in the capacity of vice chancellor.

9th Lok Sabha
The 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) was elected during elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the 1989 Indian general election.

Vishwanath Pratap Singh became the Prime Minister from 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990 with the help of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Left Parties. INC loses 207 seats as compared to previous 8th Lok Sabha after the 1984 Indian general election

Later Chandra Shekhar became Prime Minister from 10 November 1990 to 21 June 1991 with outside support from Indian National Congress under Rajiv Gandhi.

The next 10th Lok Sabha was formed on 20 June 1991 after the 1991 Indian general election.
Osborne (name)
Osborne /ˈɒzbɔːrn/, along with Osbourne, Osbern, Osborn and Usborne, is an English name cognate with, and possibly influenced by the Old Norse Ásbjørn. The English Os (see Ós) and the Norse Ás (see Aesir) mean God, while bjørn means bear in Norse.

Murder of Helen Betty Osborne
Helen Betty Osborne, known as Betty Osborne (July 16, 1952 – November 13, 1971), was a Cree Indigenous woman from Norway House reserve who was kidnapped and murdered while walking down Third Street in The Pas, Manitoba.
Ma Linyi
Ma Linyi was a Chinese Muslim born in Hunan province during the Qing Dynasty.

He was born in the year 1864 and died in 1938.

In 1912, he became Minister of Education of Gansu province, appointed by the Republic of China Kuomintang government.

He founded the Association for the Promoting of Islamic Teaching in 1918 in the provincial capital of Gansu.

He, along with General Ma Fuxiang, sponsored Imam Wang Jingzhai when he went on hajj to Mecca in 1921.

Wang Jingzhai
Wang Jingzhai (traditional Chinese: 王靜齋; simplified Chinese: 王静斋; pinyin: Wáng Jìngzhāi; 1879 - 1949) was a well-known Muslim scholar during the Republic of China period. He was the first or possibly second person to translate the entire Qur'an into Chinese, in either 1927 or 1932. He began the translation due to a request from the son of female Chinese Muslim scholar Ding Yunhui. Yunhui had written the Omudai, a partial translation of the Qur'an which omitted any references to Islamic sexual jurisprudence due to the prevailing sensitivities in women's mosques in China at the time.
Boro'line Maidstone
Boro'line Maidstone, previously Maidstone Borough Council Transport was a municipal bus operator in Maidstone and the surrounding villages. Maidstone Borough Council Transport was formed in 1974 from Maidstone Corporation Transport following local government reorganisation. In 1986 Boro'line Maidstone was formed as an arm's length company of Maidstone council from the operations of Maidstone Borough Council Transport. The company had a brief London operation. Following financial difficulties, the London operation was sold to Kentish Bus, and after a period of administration, the assets of the Maidstone operation (the vehicles and the Armstrong Road depot and offices) was sold to Maidstone & District in 1992.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Flamingo (Tram İzmir)
Flamingo is a Turkish light-rail interchange station on Karşıyaka Tram Green Line, Çiğli Tram Blue Line and Çiğli Tram Red Line of the Tram İzmir network. It is also the terminus station of the Karşıyaka Tram Green Line. Station located in the residential neighborhood of Ataşehir, Çiğli on Nazım Hikmet Ran Boulevard. The station was opened on 27 January 2024.

The name of this stop, formerly known as Ataşehir Kavşağı, was changed to Flamingo in June 2025.

Tram İzmir
Tram İzmir, alternatively known as İzmir Tram (Turkish: İzmir Tramvayı), is a tram network in İzmir, Turkey. Owned by the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality and operated by İzmir Metro A.Ş., the system consists of three lines: one in Karşıyaka, which opened on 11 April 2017, one in Konak, which opened on 24 March 2018 and one in Çiğli, which opened on 27 January 2024.

The operating length is 33.6 km (20.9 mi) and consists of a total 47 stations. The total cost of these two lines is about ₺450 million (approx. US$120 million).
Dominum Deum Nostrum Papam
Dominum Deum Nostrum Papam (Latin: Our Lord God the Pope) is a phrase first used in the gloss to the 14th century Extravagantes (Vat.lat.1397) of Pope John XXII which was written by Zenzelinus de Cassanis of Toulouse who was a Canonist and papal chaplain who died in 1334 in Avignon. His influential works strengthened the legal foundations of the papacy against conciliar tendencies. He rose to the position of papal chaplain and "Auditor Sacri Palatii". The phrase became hotly debated in some protestant catholic polemics.

Extravagantes
The term Extravagantes (from the Latin extra, outside; vagari, to wander) is applied to the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, to designate some papal decretals not contained in certain canonical collections which possess a special authority. More precisely, they are not found in Gratian's Decretum or the three official collections of the Corpus Juris Canonici (the Decretals of Gregory IX, the Sixth Book of the Decretals, and the Clementines).
Eidouranion
An eidouranion is a kind of orrery that combined mechanical movement with a method of back projection. Its invention is attributed to Adam Walker (1731–1821) who in the 1780s  built one measuring 27 ft (8.2 m) in diameter. He used it to accompany his lectures on astronomy. It is an ancestor of planetarium projectors.

It is known that Adam Walker held lectures featuring the Eidouranium at the Royal Theatre in London in the 1780s and the London Lyceum. The shows were continued by his eldest son, William Walker (1767-1816), from around 1812. The shows were continued through the 1820s by William’s younger brother Deane Franklin Walker (1778-1865).

The word "eidouranion" derives from the Greek compound "eid + ouranos".  The combining elements are "eidos", which means "what is seen, shape, form", and "ouranos", which was the name of the god of the heavens. Thus, the combined form means "shaped like the heavens" or "formed like the heavens".

Orrery
An orrery (/ˈɒr.ə.ri/ ⓘ) is a mechanical model of the Solar System that illustrates or predicts the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons, usually according to the heliocentric model. It may also represent the relative sizes of these bodies; however, since accurate scaling is often not practical due to the actual large ratio differences, it may use a scaled-down approximation. Mechanical planetary models are known to have existed since the Ancient Greeks, and are known by various names, but the term orrery is derived from a device produced c. 1712 by John Rowley and named for his patron Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery.

Orreries are typically driven by a clockwork mechanism with a globe representing the Sun at the centre, and with a planet at the end of each of a series of arms.
Altaf Hussain (East Pakistan cricketer)
Altaf Hussain (1943 – 27 February 2019) was a Bangladeshi cricketer who played first-class cricket in the 1960s. Overall, he played six first-class matches for different teams of East Pakistan.

A right-arm fast bowler, he made his first-class debut for the East Pakistan team against a strong Karachi Green side in Karachi the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. He failed to pick up any wickets in his debut match. And although he went wicketless in his next first-class match as well, at the famous national stadium, Karachi, he enjoyed a fine match, playing for Dacca, against Dacca University, at the outer stadium, in March 1965. In this match, his 2/20 and 3/9 contributed greatly to a big win for the Dacca team.

Overall, in 6 first-class matches, he took 6 wickets at 36 apiece.

After retirement he became heavily involved with cricket coaching. His contribution to the game was recognized by BSJA, which gave him a special category award in 2012.

East Pakistan first-class cricket teams
Between the 1954–55 and 1970–71 seasons, 13 first-class cricket teams from East Pakistan played in the Pakistan domestic cricket competitions, the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy and the Ayub Trophy. With the creation of Bangladesh in 1971, this participation ended. An East Pakistan Governor's XI also played a first-class match against the touring International XI in 1961–62.
Jacket matrix
In mathematics, a jacket matrix is a square symmetric matrix  of order  n  if its entries are non-zero and real, complex, or from a finite field, and

where In is the identity matrix, and

where T denotes the transpose of the matrix.

In other words, the inverse of a jacket matrix is determined by its element-wise or block-wise inverse.  The definition above may also be expressed as:

The jacket matrix is a generalization of the Hadamard matrix; it is a diagonal block-wise inverse matrix.

Transpose
In linear algebra, transposition is an operation that flips a matrix over its diagonal; that is, transposition switches the row and column indices of the matrix A to produce another matrix, called the transpose of A and often denoted AT (among other notations).

The transpose of a matrix was introduced in 1858 by the British mathematician Arthur Cayley.
2014 All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships
The 2014 All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kyoto, Japan between 3 and 9 March.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
ET-02
ET-02, also known as RS-5441, is a drug which is under development for the treatment of alopecia and hair disorders. It is taken orally or topical, with both routes being developed. The drug's exact mechanism of action has not yet been disclosed. In any case, it is said to target and restore hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). ET-02 was originated by Renascience and is now under development by Eirion Therapeutics. As of July 2025, it is in phase 1 clinical trials for alopecia and no recent development has been reported for hair disorders. The drug was reported to promote significant hair growth after 4 weeks of treatment in humans in a phase 1 trial and to do so more rapidly than minoxidil. As with its mechanism of action, the chemical structure of ET-02 does not yet appear to have been disclosed.

Minoxidil
Minoxidil, sold under the brand names Loniten and Rogaine among others, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. It is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over-the-counter as a topical liquid or foam.
Brian Walton (cyclist)
Brian Clifford Walton (born December 18, 1965) is a Canadian cycling coach and former professional road and track cyclist. His racing career spanned 18 years, racing professionally for North American pro teams 7-Eleven, Motorola, and Saturn. He represented Canada at the Pan American Games, Commonwealth Games, and the Olympic Games in 1988, 1996 and 2000. He won a silver medal in the points race at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Walton was inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in 2006.

Walton is a former partner at Cadence Performance Cycling Center in Philadelphia. He now is the president of Walton Endurance.

Cycling at the 1995 Pan American Games
This page shows the results of the cycling competition at the 1995 Pan American Games, held from March 11 to March 26, 1995, in Mar del Plata, Argentina. There were a total of eight men's and six women's events.
Danish International Development Agency
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) is the brand used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries. There is no distinct Danida organisation within the Ministry.

According to the OECD, Denmark’s total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 2.9 billion) increased in 2022 due to in-donor refugee costs. It represented 0.7% of gross national income (GNI). Most of Denmark’s official development assistance (ODA) is provided as bilateral co-operation, primarily to fragile partner countries in Africa.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark (Danish: Udenrigsministeriet, Faroese: Uttanríkismálaráðið, Greenlandic: Nunanut Allanut Ministereqarfik) and its overseas representations (the Danish embassies, diplomatic missions, consulates and trade offices) are in charge of the Danish Realm's foreign policy and relations. Among these tasks are policy towards the Arctic Council, European Union, Nordic Council, development aid, trade policy and legal affairs in relation to the outside world.

The ministry services five distinct ministers: the foreign minister, the Minister for Nordic Cooperation, the Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, the Minister for European Affairs and the Minister for Development Cooperation. The ministry is led by the head of department and four directors.
76th Regiment of Foot (1756)
The 76th Regiment of Foot was a regiment of the British Army from 1756 (when it was originally created the 61st Regiment of Foot) to 1763.

The regiment was redesignated the 76th Foot in 1758 when a number of lower numbered (and thus senior) regiments divided into two. In 1758 the second battalion of the 76th regiment itself became the 86th Regiment of Foot. The regiment disbanded in 1763.

86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot
The 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Irish Rifles in 1881.
Scouting and Guiding in Kiribati
The Scout and Guide movement in Kiribati is served by

The Girl Guides Association of Kiribati, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Kiribati Scout Association, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Kiribati Scout Association
The Kiribati Scout Association (i-Kiribati:Tikauti ni Kiribati) is the national Scouting organization of Kiribati. It was founded in 1993, and the island nation joined the World Organization of the Scout Movement in the same year. With its close link with Scouts Australia since 1986, Kiribati Scouts have been represented in international Scout events and leader training courses. Membership in 2002 stood at 1,333.
Combat search and rescue
Combat search and rescue (CSAR) are search and rescue operations that are carried out during war, within or near combat zones.

A CSAR mission may be carried out by a task force of helicopters, ground-attack aircraft, aerial refueling tankers and an airborne command post.  The USAF HC-130, introduced in 1965, has served in the latter two roles.

Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.
Family study
In genetic epidemiology, family studies are studies of whether a disease or trait "runs in a family". In other words, they are studies aimed at detecting the presence or absence of familial aggregation for the disease or trait, in which having a family history is associated with greater risk. The family research design can also be used to estimate penetrance for a given genotype, to conduct genetic association studies, and to study potential modifiers of an individual's genetic risk. If a family study shows that a trait is familial, this is a necessary, but not sufficient, criterion for it to be established as genetically influenced.

Genetic epidemiology
Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors. Genetic epidemiology seeks to derive a statistical and quantitative analysis of how genetics work in large groups.
John Sully
Sir John Sully (c.1283 – c.1388), KG, of Ruxford and Iddesleigh in Devonshire, was an English knight. He was one of the many deponents who gave evidence in Scrope v Grosvenor (decided in 1389), one of the earliest heraldic law cases brought in England, at which time he stated his age as 105. In about 1362, he was appointed by King Edward III as the 39th Knight of the Garter.

Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland
Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland (née Stanhope; 1 June 1819 – 18 May 1901), also known as Lady Dalmeny and Lady Harry Vane, was an English courtier, historian and genealogist, best known for her 1889 work The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages.

By her first marriage to  Lord Dalmeny, she was the mother of Prime Minister Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery.