hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chandrahas Chaupal
Chandrahas Chaupal is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Sri Chaupal won the Singheshwar Assembly constituency on the RJD ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He defeated Dr. Ramesh Rishidev, a former Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe Welfare minister of Bihar from Janta Dal United in his first attempt. He was also appointed Shunykal Sabhapati.

Ramesh Rishidev
Ramesh Rishidev is an Indian politician from Madhepura district of Bihar, India. He served as Minister of SC & ST Welfare Department, Government of Bihar and was a Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly representing Kumarkhand (Vidhan Sabha constituency).
2017 Trofeo Angelo Caffi
The 2017 Trofeo Angelo Caffi was the second edition of the Trofeo Angelo Caffi run at the 2017 Bologna Motor Show. The event featured cars and teams from the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series duelling at a temporary racetrack. The event was won by Lorenzo Marcucci.

NASCAR Euro Series
The NASCAR Euro Series (formerly known as Racecar Euro Series, Euro-Racecar NASCAR Touring Series, and NASCAR Whelen Euro Series) is the official NASCAR stock-car racing series based in Europe. It is one of NASCAR's four international-sanctioned series, alongside the NASCAR Canada Series, the NASCAR Mexico Series and the NASCAR Brasil Series, and is the only one based in Europe.
13th Hussars
The 13th Hussars (previously the 13th Light Dragoons) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army established in 1715. It saw service for three centuries including the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War and the First World War but then amalgamated with the 18th Royal Hussars, to form the 13th/18th Royal Hussars in 1922.

Siege of Badajoz (1812)
In the siege of Badajoz (16 March – 6 April 1812), also called the third siege of Badajoz, an Anglo-Portuguese Army under the command of the Arthur Wellesley, the Earl of Wellington (who was later made Duke of Wellington) besieged Badajoz, Spain, and forced the surrender of the French garrison. The siege was one of the bloodiest in the Napoleonic Wars and was considered a costly victory by the British, with some 4,800 Allied soldiers killed or wounded in a few short hours of intense fighting during the storming of the breaches as the siege drew to an end. Enraged at the huge number of casualties they suffered in seizing the city, the troops broke into houses and stores consuming vast quantities of alcohol with many of them then going on a rampage, threatening their officers and ignoring their commands to desist, and even killing several. It took three days before the men were brought back into order. When order was restored, an estimated 200–300 civilians had been killed or injured.
Adenízia da Silva
Adenízia Aparecida Ferreira da Silva (Brazilian Portuguese: [adeˈnizi.ɐ da ˈsiwvɐ]; born December 18, 1986) is a Brazilian volleyball player who currently plays as a middle blocker for Dentil Praia Clube. She was a champion with Brazil's national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Da Silva is widely acclaimed as one of the best middle blockers of her generation.

2009 Final Four Women's Volleyball Cup
The 2009 Final Four Women’s Volleyball Cup Chinalco Cup was the second edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by four countries from September 9–13, 2009 in Lima, Peru. The teams qualified through the 2009 Pan-American Cup, held in Miami, Florida.
T-mobilitat
T-mobilitat is a contactless smart card automated fare collection used for payment of fares on public transport in the Barcelona metropolitan area sponsored by Generalitat de Catalunya. On January 1, 2022, the first phase of the project launched after six years of delays.

Contactless smart card
A contactless smart card is a contactless credential whose dimensions are credit card size. Its embedded integrated circuits can store (and sometimes process) data and communicate with a terminal via NFC. Commonplace uses include transit tickets, bank cards and passports.

There are two broad categories of contactless smart cards. Memory cards contain non-volatile memory storage components, and perhaps some specific security logic. Contactless smart cards contain read-only RFID called CSN (Card Serial Number) or UID, and a re-writeable smart card microchip that can be transcribed via radio waves.
Egg Harbor City, New Jersey
Egg Harbor City is a city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The city, and all of Atlantic County, is part of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which in turn is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 4,396, an increase of 153 (+3.6%) from the 2010 census count of 4,243, which in turn reflected a decline of 302 (−6.6%) from the 4,545 counted in the 2000 census.

The city had the seventh-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 5.044% in 2020, compared to 2.560% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.

City (New Jersey)
A city in the context of local government in New Jersey refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. Despite the widely held perception of a city as a large, urban area, cities in New Jersey have a confused history as a form of government and vary in size from large, densely populated areas to much smaller hamlets.
Detection limit
The limit of detection (LOD or LoD) is the lowest signal, or the lowest corresponding quantity to be determined (or extracted) from the signal, that can be observed with a sufficient degree of confidence or statistical significance. However, the exact threshold (level of decision) used to decide when a signal significantly emerges above the continuously fluctuating background noise remains arbitrary and is a matter of policy and often of debate among scientists, statisticians and regulators depending on the stakes in different fields.

Noise (spectral phenomenon)
Noise is any type of random, troublesome, problematic, or unwanted signals.

Acoustic noise may mar aesthetic experience, such as attending a concert hall. It may also be a medical issue inherent in the biology of hearing.

In technology, noise is unwanted signals in a device or apparatus, commonly of an electrical nature. The nature of noise is much studied in mathematics and is a prominent topic in statistics.

This article provides a survey of specific topics linked to their primary articles.
Space Chicken (Big City Greens)
"Space Chicken" is the series premiere of the American animated television series Big City Greens, and the first segment of the first episode. "Space Chicken" originally aired in the United States on June 18, 2018, on Disney Channel, though it was released on DisneyNow and YouTube ten days prior. It is chronologically the second episode, following "Welcome Home", and this is reflected on Disney+.

In this episode, series protagonist Cricket Green, with the help of his sister Tilly and new friend Remy Remington, attempts to launch a chicken into space to impress his neighbors.

Chris Houghton
Christopher Colin Houghton (born May 23, 1988) is an American animator, illustrator, writer, director, musician, and voice actor. He is the co-creator and executive producer of the Disney Channel animated series Big City Greens, on which he voices the main character Cricket Green.
Covenant of the Goddess
The Covenant of the Goddess (CoG) is a cross-traditional Wiccan group of solitary Wiccan practitioners and over one hundred affiliated covens (or congregations). It was founded in 1975 in order to increase co-operation among witches and to secure for witches and covens the legal protection enjoyed by members of other religions. Member covens generally focus theology and ritual around the worship of the Goddess and the Old Gods (or the Goddess alone), which is general practice within Wicca. The Covenant of the Goddess operates largely by consensus and maintains strict autonomy for all members.

Coven
A coven (/kʌvən/) is a group or gathering of witches. The word "coven" (from Anglo-Norman covent, cuvent, from Old French covent, from Latin conventum = convention) remained largely unused in English until 1921 when Margaret Murray promoted the idea that all witches across Europe met in groups of thirteen which they called "covens".
Vecauce Manor
Vecauce Manor (Latvian: Vecauces muižas pils, German: Schloss Alt-Autz), also known as Auce Manor, is a manor house near the town of Auce in the Vecauce Parish of Dobele Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia originally designed by Friedrich August Stüler for Count Johan Friedrich von Medem and constructed between 1839 and 1843. Since 1920, the building has been used for education purposes and is currently run by the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies.

Dobele Municipality
Dobele Municipality (Latvian: Dobeles novads) is a municipality in the historical region of Zemgale, and the Zemgale Planning Region in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Dobele town and the Annenieki, Auri, Bērze, Biksti, Dobele, Jaunbērze, Krimūna, Naudīte, Penkule and Zebrene parishes, the administrative centre being Dobele. As of 2020, the population was 19,286.

On 1 July 2021, Dobele Municipality was enlarged when Auce Municipality and Tērvete Municipality were merged into it. It borders Lithuania.
Viva Bianca
Viva Bianca (born Viva Skubiszewski; 17 November 1983, /skuːbɪʃɛvski/; Polish: [skubiʂɛfski]) is an Australian actress best known for her role as Ilithyia on the Starz network series Spartacus: Blood and Sand and Spartacus: Vengeance.

Bianca graduated from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts where she received a best actress award. She is the daughter of Cezary Skubiszewski, a Polish Australian composer for film, television and orchestra. Bianca cites Cate Blanchett and Heath Ledger as Australian actors who have influenced her.

Polish Australians
Polish Australians refers to Australian citizens or residents of full or partial Polish ancestry.

In 2021, 45,884 Australian residents declared that they were born in Poland. The Australian states with the largest Polish populations were Victoria (14,202), New South Wales (13,830), and Queensland (5,740). The Polish-born Australian resident population predominantly were Australian citizens (86.9%), Roman Catholic (66.8%) and used Polish at home (70.4%).  Around 77% arrived in Australia before 2000.
Haplogroup I-M438
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (ISOGG 2019), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of haplogroup I-M170. Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 26,000–31,000 BCE. It originated in Europe and developed into several main subgroups: I2-M438*, I2a-L460, I2b-L415 and I2c-L596. The haplogroup can be found all over Europe and reaches its maximum frequency in the Dinaric Alps (Balkans) via founder effect, related to the migrations of the Early Slavs to the Balkan peninsula.

The oldest example so far found is that of Hohle Fels (49) from Germany, being at least 14,200 years old.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Kashin Glacier
Kashin Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Къшин, romanized: lednik Kashin, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik kɐˈʃin]) is the 8 km long and 2.7 km wide glacier on Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is situated southwest of Perutz Glacier, north of Marvodol Glacier and east-southeast of Bader Glacier, flows northward between Shapkarev Buttress and Rudozem Heights, and flows into Bourgeois Fjord next southwest of Perutz Glacier.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Kashin in Northern Bulgaria.

Rudozem Heights
Rudozem Heights (Bulgarian: Рудоземски възвишения, ‘Rudozemski Vazvisheniya’ \ru-do-'zem-ski v&z-vi-'she-ni-ya\) are the heights rising to 1504 m (Glavinitsa Peak) at the base and in the interior of German Peninsula on Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica, extending 18.5 km in northeast-southwest direction and 13.7 km in east-west direction.  The heights are bounded by Bourgeois Fjord to the north and west, Dogs Leg Fjord to the south, and to the east by a glacier draining both northwards into Bourgeois Fjord and southwards into Dogs Leg Fjord.

The heights are named after the town of Rudozem in Southern Bulgaria.
Weeds season 5
The fifth season of Weeds premiered on June 8, 2009, on the television cable network Showtime, and consisted of 13 episodes, attracted 1.2 million viewers, with a rerun on the same night adding another 500,000 viewers for a cumulative 1.7 million. The season finale episode premiered on Monday, August 31, 2009, averaging 1.3 million viewers, up versus season 4's finale that averaged 1 million.

Rachel and Amanda Pace
Rachel  and Amanda Pace (identical twins, born October 6, 2000) are American twin actresses. They are mostly known for playing the role of  Hope Logan in the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful and as Nancy Botwin‘s nieces Shayla and Taylor Grey in the TV series Weeds. They are the daughters of Mike, a computer technician, and Jennifer Pace, a personal banking officer. They have an older brother, Matthew.

The girls started making commercials and, when they were 2 years old, were cast in The Young and the Restless as Abby Carlton. A couple of months later, they got their first big role playing Hope Logan in The Bold and the Beautiful, a role they kept from 2004 to 2009.
Maud Foster Windmill
Maud Foster Windmill is a seven-storey, five sail windmill located by the Maud Foster Drain in Skirbeck, Boston, Lincolnshire, England, from which she is named. She is one of the largest operating windmills in England being 80 feet (24.38 m) tall to the cap ball.

The tower mill and adjoining granary is grade I listed building. The mill was built in 1819 for Isaac and Thomas Reckitt of Wainfleet.  It was repaired and restored in 1988.

Wainfleet All Saints
Wainfleet All Saints is an ancient port, market town and civil parish on the east coast of England, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire,  on the A52 road 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Skegness and 14 miles (23 km) north-east of Boston. It stands on two small rivers, the Steeping and Limb (or Lymn), that form Wainfleet Haven. The town is close to the Lincolnshire Wolds. The village of Wainfleet St Mary is to the south. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1604.
1855 Newfoundland general election
The 1855 Newfoundland general election was held on May 7, 1855 to elect members of the 6th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. This was the first election after responsible government was introduced in Newfoundland. The Liberal Party, now led by Philip Francis Little, formed the government. The opposition was formed by the Conservative Party led by Hugh Hoyles.

Districts ranged in size from 1 to 3 members, and the election system used in each was either first past the post or block voting.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Heudeber-Danstedt–Bad Harzburg/Vienenburg railway
The present-day Heudeber-Danstedt–Vienenburg railway is a  32 kilometre long main line, that serves the northern edge of the Harz Mountains in central Germany. Its main role is the handling of tourist traffic in the Harz and the Harz Narrow Gauge Railways there, but it is also worked by goods trains to and from the rolling mills in Ilsenburg.

The line originally ran from Ilsenburg further south towards Bad Harzburg. This section was cut, however, by the division of Germany in 1945. In 1996 a new section of line was built from Ilsenburg towards Vienenburg, that used parts of the previously closed Halberstadt–Vienenburg railway. At the same time the railway was upgraded to handle speeds of up to 120 km/h. The line has since acted as a direct link between Halberstadt and Vienenburg.

Harz Narrow Gauge Railways
The Harz Narrow Gauge Railways (German: Harzer Schmalspurbahnen or HSB) is a railway company that operates a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge network in the Harz mountains, in central Germany (formerly East Germany).  The company was formed after the fall of the Berlin Wall when the network, operated then by the Deutsche Reichsbahn, was privatised. It owns about 140 kilometres (87 miles)) of track, connecting the principal towns of Wernigerode, Nordhausen and Quedlinburg and several smaller settlements in the area. Much of the network is steeply graded and picturesque, but its most popular destination is the Brocken, the highest mountain in the region. The company runs a significant number of its trains with steam haulage, mostly employing 1950s vintage 2-10-2 tank locomotives, hauling traditional open-platform bogie carriages.  The company is mainly owned by the various local authorities whose territories it serves.
Robert Griffiths (politician)
Robert David Griffiths (born 21 April 1952) is a Welsh communist activist and the former general secretary of the Communist Party of Britain. He was elected by the party's executive committee in January 1998 to replace Mike Hicks.

RMT (trade union)
The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (commonly known as the RMT) is a British trade union covering the transport sector. Its current President is George Welch and its current General Secretary is Eddie Dempsey.

The RMT is one of Britain's fastest growing trade unions. Membership rose under and following the leadership of Bob Crow, increasing from 57,000 in 2002 to almost 81,500 in 2019.
Alexei Barantsev
Alexei Georgievich Barantsev (Russian: Алексей Георгиевич Баранцев; born 1959 in Ust-Barguzin) is a Russian metallurgy businessman, the former CEO of Krasnoyarsk and Bratsk Aluminium Smelters and GAZ Group, the current Engineering and Construction Department Head in Rusal, Honoured Metallurgist of Russian Federation.

GAZ
GAZ (Gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod, Russian: ГАЗ, Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, lit. 'Gorky Automobile Plant') is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Горький) (1932–1990). It is the core subsidiary of GAZ Group Holding, which is itself part of Basic Element industrial group. JSC Russian Machines is the controlling shareholder in OAO GAZ.
Ticușu
Ticușu (German: Konradsdorf; Hungarian: Szásztyúkos) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Cobor (Kiwern; Kóbor) and Ticușu Vechi (the commune center).

Ticușu is located in the northwestern part of the county, at 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Făgăraș, 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Rupea, and 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Brașov. It borders the following communes: Comăna to the east; Ungra to the northeast; Jibert to the north and west; and Mândra, Șercaia, and Șoarș to the south.

At the 2011 census, Ticușu had 908 inhabitants, of whom 65.7% were Romanians, 20.4% Roma and 12.6% Hungarians. At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 960; of those, 44.5% were Romanians, 7% Hungarians, and 1.46% Germans.

Făgăraș
Făgăraș (Romanian pronunciation: [fəɡəˈraʃ]; German: Fogarasch, Fugreschmarkt, Hungarian: Fogaras) is a city in central Romania, located in Brașov County. It lies on the river Olt and has a population of 26,284 as of 2021. It is situated in the historical region of Transylvania, and is the main city of a subregion, Țara Făgărașului.
Werlaburgdorf
Werlaburgdorf (German pronunciation: [vɛʁlaˈbʊʁkdɔʁf]; Burgdorf until 1958) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2013, it is part of the municipality Schladen-Werla.

Wolfenbüttel (district)
Wolfenbüttel is a district in southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring districts are (clockwise from the north) the district-free City of Braunschweig, the district of Helmstedt, the district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt, and the districts of Goslar, Hildesheim and Peine. The district-free city of Salzgitter cuts through the district of Wolfenbüttel in the southwest.
CANAMEX Corridor
The CANAMEX corridor (Spanish: Corredor CANAMEX) is a series of improvements to freeways and other transportation infrastructure linking Canada to Mexico through the United States. The corridor was established under the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Currently the corridor is defined by a series of highways. However, the corridor is also proposed for use by railroads and fiber optic telecommunications infrastructure.

Interstate 10 in Arizona
In the U.S. state of Arizona, Interstate 10 (I‑10), the major east–west Interstate Highway in the United States Sun Belt, runs east from California, enters Arizona near the town of Ehrenberg and continues through Phoenix and Tucson and exits at the border with New Mexico near San Simon. The highway also runs through the cities of Casa Grande, Eloy, and Marana. Segments of the highway are referred to as either the Papago Freeway, Inner Loop, or Maricopa Freeway within the Phoenix area and the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway outside metro Phoenix.
Provincetown Public Library (old)
The Old Provincetown Public Library building is a historic building at 330 Commercial Street in downtown Provincetown, Massachusetts.  Built in 1874, it served as the town's public library from then until 2002, when the library was moved to the former Center Methodist Church.  The building, a fine local example of Second Empire architecture, now houses the local tourist board.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Provincetown, Massachusetts
Provincetown (/ˈprɒvɪnsˌtaʊn/) is a town located at the tip of Cape Cod in Massachusetts. A small coastal resort town with a year-round population of 3,664 as of the 2020 United States census, Provincetown has a summer population as high as 60,000. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Often called "P-town" or "Ptown", the locale is known as a vacation destination for its beaches, harbor, artists, and tourist industry, particularly for LGBTQ people.