hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mast Tawakali
Mast Tawakali (Balochi: مست توکلی, also romanized as Mast Taukali; c. 1825 – 1892) was a 19th century Baloch Sufi poet, mystic and reformist, who is regarded as the "Father of Balochi literature". Vocally opposed to the feudal system and the absolute rule of the tribal chiefs (sardars), he was an advocate for the underprivileged.

He was an activist against British rule of India. His anti-colonial ideology was often a subject of his poetry. He was revered as promoting a message of love, peace, tolerance, and fraternity.

Kohlu District
Kohlu district (Balochi: کوہلو, Urdu: ضلع کوہلو) is a district of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is bounded in the north by Loralai District, with Dera Bugti in the south, Barkhan in the east, and Sibi District in the west.
Gitea
Gitea (/ɡɪˈtiː/) is a forge software package for hosting software development version control using Git as well as other collaborative features like bug tracking, code review, continuous integration, kanban boards, tickets, and wikis. It supports self-hosting and also provides a free public first-party instance. It is a fork of Gogs and is written in Go and TypeScript. Gitea can be hosted on all platforms supported by Go including FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, and Windows. The project is funded on Open Collective.

Issue tracking system
An issue tracking system (also ITS, trouble ticket system, support ticket, request management or incident ticket system) is a computer software package that manages and maintains lists of issues. Issue tracking systems are generally used in collaborative settings, especially in large or distributed collaborations, but can also be employed by individuals as part of a time management or personal productivity regimen. These systems often encompass resource allocation, time accounting, priority management, and oversight workflow in addition to implementing a centralized issue registry.
Merope (region)
In the 14th-century Balkans, Merope (Greek: Μερόπη, Bulgarian: Меропа, Meropa) was a subregion of Thrace in modern Northern Greece and southern Bulgaria.  The region lay in the western and middle part of the Rhodope Mountains.

The term is only found in the writings of Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos. Merope extended to the Nestos River in the west and to the town of Gratianopolis in the east. Bulgarian historian Plamen Pavlov defines Merope as encompassing the course of the Arda River up north until the Chepelare River and including the fortresses Sveta Irina ("Saint Irene") and Podvis.

In 1343, John VI Kantakouzenos granted Merope to Bulgarian brigand Momchil for his military assistance in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347. After Momchil changed sides in the civil war and was ultimately defeated by Kantakouzenos in 1345, Merope returned to Byzantine sovereignty.

Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (/ˈrɒdəpiːz/; Bulgarian: Родопи, Rodopi; Greek: Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Turkish: Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece. Golyam Perelik is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial ecoregion Rodope montane mixed forests that belongs in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome and the Palearctic realm. The region is particularly notable for its karst areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the Trigrad Gorge.

A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations.
Chestnut blight
The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi). This necrotrophic fungus is native to East Asia and South East Asia and was introduced into Europe and North America in the early 1900s. Strains of the fungus spread more or less rapidly and caused significant tree loss in both regions.  Strains of the fungus can be more or less virulent.

State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF) is a public research university in Syracuse, New York, United States focused on the environment and natural resources. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. ESF is immediately adjacent to Syracuse University, within which it was founded, and with which it maintains a special relationship. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

ESF operates education and research facilities also in the Adirondack Park (including the Ranger School in Wanakena), the Thousand Islands, elsewhere in Central New York, and Costa Rica. The college's curricula focus on the understanding, management, and sustainability of the environment and natural resources.
Westminster Hall and Burying Ground
Westminster Hall and Burying Ground is a graveyard and former church located at 519 West Fayette Street (at North Greene Street) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is currently part of the grounds of the University of Maryland's School of Law. It occupies the southeast corner of West Fayette and North Greene Street on the west side of downtown Baltimore. It sits across from the Baltimore VA hospital and is the burial site of Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) and several politicians and military officials. The complex was declared a national historic district in 1974.

Patterson Park
Patterson Park is an urban park in Southeast Baltimore, Maryland, United States, adjacent to the neighborhoods of Canton, Highlandtown, Patterson Park, and Butchers Hill. It is bordered by East Baltimore Street, Eastern Avenue, South Patterson Park Avenue, and South Linwood Avenue. The Patterson Park extension lies to the east of the main park, and is bordered by East Pratt Street, South Ellwood Avenue, and Eastern Avenue.

Patterson Park was established in 1827 and named for William Patterson (1752–1835). The park consists of open fields of grass, large trees, paved walkways, historic battle sites, a lake, playgrounds, athletic fields, a swimming pool, an ice skating rink and other signature attractions and buildings. At 137 acres (0.55 km2), Patterson Park is not the city's largest park; however, it is nicknamed "Best Backyard in Baltimore."
Bromal hydrate
Bromal hydrate is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C2H3Br3O2. It is the bromine analogue of chloral hydrate. Bromal hydrate forms when bromal is reacted with water. It decomposes to bromal and water upon distillation. It has hypnotic and analgesic properties but acts like a stimulant at lower doses. Bromal hydrate is more physiologically active than its chlorine analogue, chloral hydrate. Its direct effect on the heart muscles is stronger than that of chloral hydrate. Its analgesic effects were attributed to the proposed metabolism to bromoform.

It was also tried as a medication for epilepsy, but was found ineffective.

Organobromine chemistry
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane.

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.
Jaghori District
Jaghori (Dari: جاغوری) is one of the districts of Ghazni Province in central Afghanistan. It has an estimated population of 217,483 people. Most of them are Hazara villagers involved in agriculture. Others are traders, shop owners, and construction workers. Sange-e-Masha serves as the capital of Jaghori. It is where major business transactions take place. Major marketplaces are in Ghojor and Anguri.

Occupying 1,855 km2 (716 sq mi), Jaghori is one of the mountainous and remote districts of Ghazni Province. It sits in the highlands in the southern fringes of the Hazarajat region, in the upper Arghandab River valley. The district has a growing number of dams and reservoirs, which are slowly attracting tourists from not only Ghazni but also other provinces.

Climate of Jaghori is generally arid continental, with cold and snowy winters, and hot summers with temperatures rising between 25 °C (77 °F) to 38 °C (100 °F).

Ghazni Province
Ghazni (Pashto: غزني, Pashto pronunciation: [ɣaz.ni]; Dari: غزنی, Dari pronunciation: [ɣäz.níː]), is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in southeastern Afghanistan. The province contains 19 districts, encompassing over a thousand villages and roughly 1.3 million people, making it the 5th most populous province. The city of Ghazni serves as the capital. It lies on the important Kabul–Kandahar Highway, and has historically functioned as an important trade center. The Ghazni Airport is located next to the city of Ghazni and provides limited domestic flights to Afghanistan's capital, Kabul.

Ghazni borders the provinces of Maidan Wardak, Logar, Paktia, Paktika, Zabul, Uruzgan, Daykundi and Bamyan.
HJ-8
The HJ-8 or Hongjian-8 (Chinese: 红箭-8; pinyin: Hóng Jiàn-8; lit. 'Red Arrow-8') is a second generation tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided anti-tank missile system which was originally deployed by the People's Liberation Army in the late 1980s.

Norinco
China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, doing business internationally as Norinco Group (an abbreviation of "North Industries Corporation"), and known within China as China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国兵器工业集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned defense corporation that manufactures commercial and military products. Norinco Group is one of the world's largest defense contractors.

The company's subsidiary, China North Industries Corporation (Chinese: 中国北方工业有限公司), or simply Norinco, markets Norinco Group's products internationally, and is also involved in domestic civil construction and military defense projects.

Some of Norinco's international customers include Iran, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it negotiated arms-for-minerals deals, as well as Venezuela.
Historic sites in Westchester County
There are numerous nationally and locally designated historic sites and attractions in Westchester County. These include architecturally significant manors and estates, churches, cemeteries, farmhouses, African-American heritage sites, and Underground Railroad depots and waystations. There are sites from pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary times, as well as battlegrounds. Westchester County also played an important role in the development of the modern suburb, and there are many associated heritage sites and museums.

Some of these landmarks have earned distinction as members of other notable designations including the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area list. Still others are on New York State's Path Through History or Westchester County's African American Heritage Trail.

Philipsburg Manor House
Philipsburg Manor House is a historic site in the Upper Mills section of the former sprawling Colonial-era estate known as Philipsburg Manor. Together with a water mill and trading site, the house is operated as a non-profit museum by Historic Hudson Valley. It is located on US Route 9 in the village of Sleepy Hollow, New York.

Although Philipsburg Manor was established by a royal charter granted by King William III of England, it is listed by some sources with the patroonships of New Netherland, since it incorporated part of a patroonship previously owned by the colonial Dutch landowner Jonkheer Adriaen van der Donck.

The Baltus Van Tassel farmhouse, home of Katrina Van Tassel in Washington Irving's famous story, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, may have been based on Philipsburg Manor House.
Battle of Anegawa
The Sengoku period Battle of Anegawa (姉川の戦い, Anegawa no Tatakai) (30 July 1570) occurred near Lake Biwa in Ōmi Province, Japan, between the allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu, against the combined forces of the Azai and Asakura clans. It is notable as the first battle that involved the alliance between Nobunaga and Ieyasu, and it saw Nobunaga's prodigious use of firearms.

Ōmi Province
Ōmi Province (近江国, Ōmi no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜː.mʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is Gōshū (江州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Ōmi was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the imperial capital Kyoto.

Ōmi bordered on Wakasa and Echizen Provinces to the north, Mino and Ise Provinces to the east, Iga and Yamato Provinces to the south, and Yamashiro and Tanba Provinces to the west. Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is located at the center of the province.
Muravanka
Muravanka (Belarusian: Мураванка; Russian: Мурованка, romanized: Murovanka) is a village in Shchuchyn District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It is part of Mazheykava selsoviet.

The village is famous for its fortified church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Shchuchyn district
Shchuchyn district or Ščučyn district (Belarusian: Шчучынскі раён; Russian: Щучинский район) is a district (raion) of Grodno Region in Belarus. The administrative center is Shchuchyn. As of 2024, it has a population of 31,721.
Kilkivan to Kingaroy Rail Trail
The Kilkivan to Kingaroy Rail Trail (KKRT, in part also known as the South Burnett Rail Trail or SBRT) is an 88-kilometre (55 mi) recreation trail from Kilkivan to Kingaroy. The trail follows the old Kingaroy Branch railway and is open to walkers, cyclists and horse riders.

Gympie
Gympie (/ˈɡɪmpi/ GHIM-pee) is a city and a locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. Located in the Greater Sunshine Coast, Gympie is about 170.7 km (110 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The city lies on the Mary River, which floods Gympie occasionally. The locality of Gympie is the central business district for the city of Gympie and also the administrative centre for the Gympie Region local government area. In the 2021 census, Gympie had an urban population of 22,424 people.

Gympie is famous for its gold field. It contains a number of historic buildings registered on the Queensland Heritage Register.
Marshall University Rural Health Clinic
The Marshall University Rural Health Clinic, also called the MU Rural Health Center, is a division of the Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University that opened in May 2012. It is located in Chapmanville, West Virginia.

The purpose of the medical school is to alleviate the shortage of physicians in rural central and southern Appalachia. The center provides rural health clinical rotations, and brings university-quality health care to the rural area.

Marshall University
Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.  It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Marble Arch Caves Global Geopark
The Cuilcagh Lakelands Geopark formerly known as the Marble Arch Caves Global Geopark straddles the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. It is centred on the Marble Arch Caves and in 2001 it became one of the first geoparks to be designated in Europe.

The Geopark features various sites which demonstrate the geological and wider natural heritage of the area, as well as the cultural heritage relating to 7,000–8,000 years of recorded human occupation since the last ice age. It is jointly managed by Fermanagh and Omagh District Council and Cavan County Council.

Viséan
The Visean, Viséan or Visian is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the second stage of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Visean lasted from 346.7 to 330.3 Ma. It follows the Tournaisian age/stage and is followed by the Serpukhovian age/stage.
Busachi
Busachi (official name in Sardinian language: Busache)  is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Oristano.

Busachi borders the following municipalities: Allai, Fordongianus, Ghilarza, Neoneli, Samugheo, Ula Tirso.

Neoneli
Neoneli (Sardinian: Neunele) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Oristano.

Neoneli borders the following municipalities: Ardauli, Austis, Nughedu Santa Vittoria, Ortueri, Sorgono, and Ula Tirso.
Three Figures
Three Figures is an outdoor sculpture by American artist Mark Bulwinkle, located at Northeast 13th Avenue and Northeast Holladay Street in Portland, Oregon's Lloyd District. The installation includes three bronze or steel figures, created during 1991–1992, each measuring between 8 feet (2.4 m) and 10 feet (3.0 m) tall. Originally installed at AVIA's corporate headquarters, the figures were donated to the City of Portland and relocated to their current location "to appear to be enjoying the green space". Three Figures is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts & Culture Council.

Lloyd District, Portland, Oregon
The Lloyd District is a primarily commercial neighborhood in the North and Northeast sections of Portland, Oregon, United States.  It is named after Ralph Bramel Lloyd (1875–1953), a California rancher, oilman, and real estate developer who moved to and was an early commercial developer for the area in 1905.
Milana Dadasheva
Milana Dadasheva (Russian: Милана Камилхановна Дадашева; born 20 February 1995 in Dagestan) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Kumyk descent, senior 2016 and 2022 Russian national champion, two time junior world championships bronze medalist.

2024 European Wrestling Championships
The 2024 European Wrestling Championships was held from 12 to 18 February 2024 in Bucharest, Romania. At the 2024 European Championships, in accordance with sanctions imposed following by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, wrestlers from Russia and Belarus were not permitted to use the name, flag, or anthem of Russia or Belarus. They instead participated as "Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN)", their medals were not included in the official medal table.
1964 Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup
The 1964 Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup was the 3rd edition of the Iraq Central FA Perseverance Cup. The match was contested between the winners and runners-up of the 1963–64 edition of the Iraq Central FA Premier League, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and Al-Firqa Al-Thalitha respectively. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya won the game 3–0.

Iraq Central FA Perseverance Cup
The Iraq Central FA Perseverance Cup, previously called Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup (Arabic:  كأس الإيثار, Al-Ithar Cup), was an annual Iraqi football match contested at the end of the season between the champions and the runners-up of the Iraq Central FA Premier League, the top-level division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities between 1948 and 1973. The lower divisions in the region each also had their own Perseverance Cup match.

Only five editions of the tournament were played before it was stopped, and the Iraq Football Association later decided to replace regional tournaments with national tournaments, with the Iraqi Perseverance Cup (now known as Iraqi Super Cup) becoming the nation's super cup tournament.
Defining length
In the field of genetic algorithms, a schema (plural: schemata) is a template that represents a subset of potential solutions. These templates use fixed symbols (e.g., `0` or `1`) for specific positions and a wildcard or "don't care" symbol (often `#` or `*`) for others.

The defining length of a schema, denoted as L(H), measures the distance between the outermost fixed positions in the template. According to the Schema theorem, a schema with a shorter defining length is less likely to be disrupted by the genetic operator of crossover. As a result, short schemata are considered more robust and are more likely to be propagated to the next generation.

In genetic programming, where solutions are often represented as trees, the defining length is the number of links in the minimum tree fragment that includes all the non-wildcard symbols within a schema H.

Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems via biologically inspired operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Some examples of GA applications include optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference.
Maid Marian (novella)
Maid Marian is a novella by Thomas Love Peacock, his fourth long work of fiction, published in 1822.

Peacock wrote all but the last three chapters of Maid Marian at Marlow in 1818. He wrote to Percy Bysshe Shelley that he did not find "this brilliant summer", of 1818, "very favourable to intellectual exertion" but before it was quite over "rivers, castles, forests, abbeys, monks, maids, kings, and banditti were all dancing before me like a masked ball".  However, in 1819 Peacock was recruited to the East India Company where his official duties delayed the completion and publication of the novella until 1822. As a result of the delay, it was taken for an imitation of Ivanhoe although its composition had, in fact, preceded Scott's novel. It was soon dramatised with great success by James Planché, and was translated into French and German.

Ivanhoe
Ivanhoe: A Romance (/ˈaɪvənhoʊ/ EYE-vən-hoh) by Walter Scott is a historical novel published in three volumes, in December 1819, as one of the Waverley novels. It marked a shift away from Scott's prior practice of setting stories in Scotland and in the more recent past. It became one of Scott's best-known and most influential novels.

Set in England in the Middle Ages, with colourful descriptions of a tournament, outlaws, a witch trial, and divisions between Jews and Christians, Normans and Saxons, the novel was credited by many, including Thomas Carlyle and John Ruskin, with inspiring increased interest in chivalric romance and medievalism. As John Henry Newman put it, Scott "had first turned men's minds in the direction of the Middle Ages". It was also credited with influencing contemporary popular perceptions of historical figures such as King Richard the Lionheart, Prince John, and Robin Hood.
RMIS Lomor
RMIS Lomor (03) is a Pacific Forum-class patrol boat operated by the Marshall Islands Sea Patrol. Lomor is one of twenty-two small patrol vessels Australia designed and built for smaller fellow members of the Pacific Forum, after the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea extended a 200-kilometre (108 nmi) exclusive economic zone for all maritime nations.

Pacific-class patrol boat
The Pacific class (also known as the Pacific Forum class and the ASI 315 class) is a class of 22 patrol boats built by Australia and donated to twelve South Pacific countries. The vessels were constructed between 1985 and 1997 and are operated by the militaries, coast guards or police forces of the twelve island nations. These boats are supported by the Pacific Patrol Boat Program and used primarily for maritime surveillance and fisheries protection.