hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optical phase space
In quantum optics, an optical phase space is a phase space in which all quantum states of an optical system are described. Each point in the optical phase space corresponds to a unique state of an optical system. For any such system, a plot of the quadratures against each other, possibly as functions of time, is called a phase diagram. If the quadratures are functions of time then the optical phase diagram can show the evolution of a quantum optical system with time.

An optical phase diagram can give insight into the properties and behaviors of the system that might otherwise not be obvious. This can allude to qualities of the system that can be of interest to an individual studying an optical system that would be very hard to deduce otherwise. Another use for an optical phase diagram is that it shows the evolution of the state of an optical system. This can be used to determine the state of the optical system at any point in time.

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Qiandeng Lake station
Qiandeng Lake station (Chinese: 千灯湖站; pinyin: Qiāndēnghú zhàn), known as Qiandenghu Lake station from 2010 to 2021, formerly Haiwu Lu station (海五路站) during planning, is a metro station on the Guangfo Line (FMetro Line 1).  It is located under the junction of Guilan Road (桂澜路) and Haiwu Road (海五路), near Qiandeng Lake Park (千灯湖公园), in Guicheng Subdistrict, Nanhai District, Foshan. It was completed on 3 November 2010.

Guicheng Subdistrict, Foshan
23°02′09″N 113°11′51″E﻿ / ﻿23.0359°N 113.1975°E﻿ / 23.0359; 113.1975

Guicheng Subdistrict (Chinese: 桂城街道) is a subdistrict of the Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong, China covering an area of 84.16 square kilometres (32.49 sq mi). The subdistrict has a registered population of 186,000 and floating population of 280,000 and is the location of the Nanhai District Government, as well as being the political, economic and cultural centre of Nanhai.
Long Distance Hurdle
The Long Distance Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Newbury over a distance of about 3 miles (3 miles and 52 yards, or 4,876 metres), and during its running there are twelve hurdles to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late November or early December.

The event was established in 1990.

Newbury Racecourse
Newbury Racecourse is a racecourse and events venue in the civil parish of Greenham, adjoining the town of Newbury in Berkshire, England.  It has courses for flat races and over jumps. It hosts one of Great Britain's 36 annual Group 1 flat races, the Lockinge Stakes.

The racecourse is noted for its proximity to the Lambourn training centre, which means that the course is often home to locally-grown talent as well as attracting horses from further afield. Newbury's major races include the Lockinge Stakes and its most famous race, the Coral Gold Cup (formerly known as the Hennessy Gold Cup).
2018 WFG Tankard
The 2018 WFG Tankard, the Quebec men's provincial curling championship was held from February 4 to 11 at the Glenmore Curling Club in Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec. The winning Mike Fournier team represented Quebec at the 2018 Tim Hortons Brier in Regina, Saskatchewan.

Dollard-des-Ormeaux
Dollard-des-Ormeaux (French pronunciation: [dɔlaʁ dez‿ɔʁmo] ⓘ; commonly referred to as D.D.O. or simply Dollard) is a city and a predominantly English-speaking suburb of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is the most populous suburb on the Island of Montreal. The town was named after Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, the savior at the Battle of Long Sault.

The town was merged with the city of Montreal in 2002, and became part of the borough of Dollard-Des Ormeaux–Roxboro.  When residents were later offered the option, they chose to leave the city of Montreal, and the town was reinstated as a separate entity in 2006.
Polynucleobacter victoriensis
Polynucleobacter victoriensis is an aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, free-living bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter.

The type strain was isolated from Lake Victoria near Kampala in Uganda, East Africa. This strain was previously included in the description of P. cosmopolitanus, however subsequent sequencing and comparative analysis of the genome, of strain MWH-VicM1 revealed that this strain represented a new species, which was subsequently described as P. victoriensis. The species name reflects the origin of the type strain of the species from Lake Victoria. Strain MWH-VicM1 is remarkable due to its small genome size of only 1.6 Mbp. The type strain dwells as a free-living, planktonic bacterium in the water column of the lake, thus is part of freshwater bacterioplankton.

Polynucleobacter cosmopolitanus
Polynucleobacter cosmopolitanus is an aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, chemo-organotrophic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from freshwater habitats in Eurasia, South America, North America, Africa, Oceania, the Hawaiian Archipelago, in lakes located in Japan, and a river estuary of northern Taiwan. The type strain of the species was isolated from Lake Mondsee in Austria.
Official minority languages of Sweden
In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five official minority languages: Finnish, Sámi languages, Romani, Yiddish, and Meänkieli (Tornedal Finnish).

The Swedish language dominates commercial and cultural life in Sweden but did not officially become the country's main language until 2009, when a new language law entered into effect. The need for this legal status had been the subject of protracted debate and proposed legislation was narrowly defeated in 2005.

The minority languages have been legally recognized to protect the cultural and historical heritage of their respective speech communities. These communities are given certain rights on that basis, such as school education in their language, and its use in dealing with governmental agencies.

Haparanda Municipality
Haparanda Municipality (Swedish: Haparanda kommun; Meänkieli and Finnish: Haaparannan kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Haparanda (Meänkieli: Haaparanta).

In 1967 the "City of Haparanda" was merged with the rural municipalities Karl Gustav and Nedertorneå. Since 1971 Haparanda, like all other municipalities of Sweden, is a municipality of unitary type. However, it prefers to use the title stad ("city") for the whole territory, including the non-urban parts.
Lahore–Wagah Branch Line
Lahore–Wagah Branch Line (Urdu: لاہور-واہگہ برانچ لائن) is one of several branch lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The line starts at Lahore Junction station and ends at Wagah station, at the border with India. The line’s total length is 25 kilometers (16 mi), serving 6 stations. The original line continued on to Amritsar.  The line was used by Samjhauta Express train. Nowadays no train is working on this line. The line is only used for Moghalpura workshop and sometimes for special trains.

Samjhauta Express
The Samjhauta Express (transl. Agreement Express) was a twice-weekly train, Thursday and Monday, that ran between Delhi and Attari in India and  Lahore in Pakistan. In Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), the word "समझौता/سمجھوتا" (samjhauta) means an "agreement" or an "accord", especially one arising out of a compromise.

Until the reopening of the Thar Express, this was the only rail connection between the two countries. The train was started on 22 July 1976 following the Simla Agreement and ran between Amritsar and Lahore, a distance of about 50.2 km. Following disturbances in Punjab in the late 1980s, due to security reasons Indian Railways decided to terminate the service at Attari, where customs and immigration clearances take place. On 14 April 2000, in an agreement between Indian Railways and Pakistan Railways (PR), the distance was revised to cover just under three km.
1974 Washington Star International
The 1974 Washington Star International was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts. It was categorized as an AA tournament and was part of the 1974 Grand Prix circuit. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held at the Washington Tennis Stadium in Washington, D.C. from July 23 through July 29, 1974. Eleventh-seeded Harold Solomon won the singles title and earned $16,000 prize money in a final that was played over two days due to rain.

1974 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1974 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The season-ending Commercial Union Assurance Masters and Davis Cup Final are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking.
Tsurikomi goshi
Tsurikomi Goshi (釣込腰), is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the second group, Dai Nikyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo (no waza), of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a hip throwing technique, Koshi-Waza. Tsurikomi Goshi is also one of the 20 techniques in Danzan Ryu's Nage No Te list.

Throw (grappling)
In martial arts, a throw is a grappling technique that involves off-balancing or lifting an opponent, and throwing them to the ground. Throws are a subset of takedown (grappling). In Japanese martial arts throws are referred to as nage waza, 投げ技, "throwing technique(s)".
Øraker tram stop
Øraker is a light rail station on the Oslo Tramway.

Located at Øraker in Ullern, it was opened in 1924, when the Lilleaker Line was extended to Jar.

In February 2009, the part of the line west of Lilleaker station was closed due to upgrades on the Kolsås Line. The curtailing of the line eliminated Øraker station for the time being, disappointing the area residents.

On 1 December 2010 the Station was reopened after extensive work being done to the next station Jar.

Lilleaker tram stop
Lilleaker is a light rail station on the Oslo Tramway.

Located at Lilleaker in Ullern, it was the terminus of the Lilleaker Line when it was opened in 1919 by Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei as an extension of the Skøyen Line (Øraker was the original name). In 1924 the Lilleaker Line was extended twice into Bærum, first to Bekkestua and then to Avløs.

During the schedule, SL95 trams operate the entire line 13 without any transfers needed.  
When a balloon loop was constructed at Lilleaker the single-directional trams could turn there.

From 1 December 2010, the line 13 doesn't have its terminus at Lilleaker´.
After extensive work with the Metro/Tram tracks at Jar the Lilleaker Line terminates at Bekkestua.
At peak hours every second tram is a SL79 and turns at Lilleaker.
TT190
Tomb TT190, located in the necropolis of El-Assasif in Thebes, Egypt, is the tomb of Esbanebded and part of the TT192 tomb complex.

Esbanebded was a divine father and prophet at the head of the king dating to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt. His parents are Pakharkhons (a divine father) and Meramuniotes (Sistrumplayer of Amen-Re). He had a son who was named Pakharkhons after his grandfather.

Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty of ancient Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although other brief periods of rule by Egyptians followed). The dynasty's reign (664–525 BC) is also called the Saite Period after the city of Sais, where its pharaohs had their capital, and marks the beginning of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.
Ajitsinhji
HH Maharana Raj Ajitsinhji Jaswantsinhji Sahib Bahadur, KCSI, was the 43rd ruler of Jhalavad from 1900 to 1911. He succeeded his Grandfather Maharana Raj Mansinhji II Sahib Bahadur. Ajit Niwas Palace was built during his reign.

Ghanshyamsinhji Ajitsinhji
HH Major Shri Maharana Maharaja Ghanshyamsinhji Ajitsinhji, GCIE, KCSI, GCStJ, was the 44th ruler of Kingdom of Jhalavad from 1911 to 1942. He was succeeded by his son Mayurdhwajsinhji alias Meghrajji III.
History of Ohio Wesleyan University
The history of Ohio Wesleyan University began with discussions of a college in Ohio in 1821 when the Ohio Methodist Conference in connection with the Kentucky Conference had established Augusta, the first Methodist institution of higher learning in the United States. But Augusta was an obscure village, quite inaccessible and especially because it was on the "wrong" side of the Ohio River to suit the growing anti-slavery sentiments of the people of Ohio.

Delaware, Ohio
Delaware is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located near the center of Ohio, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.
Maheswarpur
Maheswarpur (also spelled Moisapur) is a small village in Chinsurah subdivision of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal). It is at the intersection of National Highway 2 (NH 2, also known as Durgapur Expressway) and 17-18 Bus Route. This village is 6 km from Singur. The nearest railway station of Maheswarpur is Dhaniakhali, via Howrah-Burdwan chord line and the nearest Howrah-Burdwan main line station is Chinsurah.

Dhaniakhali
Dhaniakhali (Bengali : ধনিয়াখালি) is a village in Dhaniakhali CD Block in Chinsurah subdivision of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The place has lent its name to the popular Dhaniakhali Sari.
Queen Maeve International Summer School
The Queen Maeve International Summer School, (Irish Scoil Samhraidh Miosgán Medbha) is one of Ireland's largest traditional music summer schools, held annually since 1999 and was founded by Sligo tin whistle player Carmel Gunning. During the week, students from around the world attend daily classes taught by experts in Irish music and dance. In addition, a full program of lectures, recitals, dances (céilithe) and exhibitions are run by the summer school.

All events take place at the Institute of Technology in Sligo Town, County Sligo, in the north west of Ireland, during the second week of August. The weekly registration includes six classes, all lectures and recitals (except for the Thursday night concert) and reduced price admission to céilithe. Lectures, recitals, concert and céilithe are open to the public.

Cèilidh
A cèilidh (/ˈkeɪli/ KAY-lee, Scottish Gaelic: [ˈkʲʰeːlɪ]) or céilí (Irish: [ˈceːlʲiː]) is a traditional Scottish and Irish social gathering. In its most basic form, it simply means a social visit. In contemporary usage, it usually involves dancing and playing Gaelic folk music, either at a home or a larger concert at a social hall or other community gathering place.

Cèilidhean (plural of cèilidh) and céilithe (plural of céilí) originated in the Gaelic areas of Scotland and Ireland and are consequently common in the Scottish and Irish diasporas. They are similar to the troyl traditions in Cornwall and twmpath and noson lawen events in Wales, merry neets in Cumbria and North East England, as well as English country dance throughout England which have in some areas undergone a fusion with céilithe.
Stanisław Koziej
Stanisław Marian Koziej (born 1943, Glinnik, Poland) is a Polish brigadier general, military science professor, and public official who served as the Head of the National Security Bureau from 2010 to 2015.

Ministry of National Defence (Poland)
The Ministry of National Defence (Polish: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej [mi.ɲisˈtɛr.stfɔ ɔˈbrɔ.nɘ na.rɔˈdɔ.vɛj], MON [ˈmɔn] ⓘ) is an office of government in Poland headed by the Minister of National Defence. 
It is responsible for the organisation and management of the Polish Armed Forces. During the Second Polish Republic and World War II it was called the Ministry of Military Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych). Its budget for 2025 was 186,6 billion PLN.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma occurred on November 8, 2016. Voters determined five candidates to serve in the U.S. House, one from each of the state's five congressional districts. The primaries were held on June 28.

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the five U.S. representatives from the state of Oklahoma, one from each of the state's five congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections, including the Governor of Oklahoma and both of Oklahoma's United States Senate seats. Primary elections were held on June 24, 2014. Primary runoffs were held on August 26, 2014, in contests where no candidate won more than 50% of the vote.
2007 ICC Awards
The 2007 ICC Awards were held on 10 September 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Previous events were held in London (2004), Sydney (2005) and Mumbai (2006). Having been hosted since 2004, the ICC Awards were now into their fourth year. They were presented in association with the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations (FICA) and honours for Associate Player of the Year were also awarded for the first time. The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, which is considered to be the most prestigious award in world cricket.

2006 ICC Awards
The 2006 ICC Awards were held on 3 November 2006 in Mumbai, India. The annual awards had been instigated in London in 2004 and in 2005 they were announced in Sydney. They were sponsored by Hyundai and conducted during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. For the first time, honours for both Captain of the Year and Women's Cricketer of the Year were awarded.
Museum of Anthropology at UBC
The Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia (UBC) campus in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada displays world arts and cultures, in particular works by First Nations of the Pacific Northwest. As well as being a major tourist destination, MOA is a research and teaching museum, where UBC courses in art, anthropology, archaeology, conservation, and museum studies are given. MOA houses close to 50,000 ethnographic objects, as well as 535,000 archaeological objects in its building alone.

Intersection (1994 film)
Intersection is a 1994 romantic drama film, directed by Mark Rydell and starring Richard Gere, Sharon Stone, Lolita Davidovich and Martin Landau. It's a remake of the French film Les choses de la vie (1970) by Claude Sautet, the story — both filmed and set in Vancouver, British Columbia — concerns an architect (played by Gere) who, as his classic Mercedes 280SL roadster hurtles into a collision at an intersection, flashes through key moments in his life, including his marriage to a beautiful but chilly heiress (Stone) and his subsequent affair with a travel writer (Davidovich).
Capraria
Capraria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae. It includes seven species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Mexico through Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and northern South America to northern Argentina. It is sometimes placed in the families Gratiolaceae, Plantaginaceae, or Veronicaceae. The name is derived from the Latin word caprarius, meaning "pertaining to goats."  This refers to goats being one of the few herbivores that will graze on the plants.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Gary Smith (drummer)
Robert Gary Smith (born March 9, 1950) is an American musician and songwriter. He was a member of Chase and a founding member of Survivor. Smith has also performed or recorded with B.B. King, Joe Williams, Vic Damone, Patrick Leonard, Leslie West (Mountain), Steve Forman, Will Lee, Elliott Randall, Bobby Kimball, Tommy Shaw, Darryl Jones, Jim Peterik, John Gary, Bruce Gaitsch, Eric Miyashiro, Clark Terry, Chuck Findley, Larry Carlton, Jaco Pastorius and many others.

Leslie West
Leslie Abel West (born Weinstein; October 22, 1945 – December 23, 2020) was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. He was the co-founder, guitarist and co-lead vocalist of the rock band Mountain. West was named the 245th greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone in 2023.
Grzymałków
Grzymałków [ɡʐɨˈmau̯kuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mniów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Mniów and 21 km (13 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Mniów
Mniów [mɲuf] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mniów. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
1981 Avon Championships of California
The 1981 Avon Championships of California, also known as the Avon Championships of Oakland,  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet court at the Oakland Coliseum Arena in Oakland, California in the United States that was part of the 1981 Avon Championships Circuit. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was held from February 9 through February 15, 1981. Second-seeded Andrea Jaeger won the singles title and earned $24,000 first-prize money.

1981 WTA Tour
The 1981 World Championship Series was the 9th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on January 4, 1981, and concluded on December 19, 1981, after 36 events. The  World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The year is divided into two sponsors with the first three months sponsored by Avon Series and the latter part by Toyota Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Martyrs' Day
Martyrs' Day are days observed in or by some countries, including the Albania, Burkina Faso, India, Myanmar, Panama and Tunisia, to recognise martyrs such as soldiers, revolutionaries or victims of genocide. Below is a list of various Martyrs' Days for different countries of the World.

Martyrs' Day (Lebanon)
Martyrs' Day (Arabic: عيد الشهداء) is a Lebanese national holiday commemorating the Syrian and Lebanese Muslim-Christian Arab nationalists executed in Damascus and Beirut on 6 May 1916 by Jamal Pasha, also known as 'Al Jazzar' or 'The Butcher', the Ottoman wāli of Greater Syria. They were executed in both the Marjeh Square in Damascus and Burj Square in Beirut. Both plazas have since been renamed Martyrs' Square.