hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stoke Streetcar
The Stoke Streetcar was a proposed bus rapid transit system for The Potteries Urban Area (Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme and Kidsgrove) in England. It would have consisted of two lines, serving five of Stoke's six towns, the city centre with its new Central Business District, Newcastle, Kidsgrove, Stoke-on-Trent railway station, the University Hospital of North Staffordshire, both universities (including the new University Quarter) and both football clubs. The proposal was developed in partnership with First Group, and included plans to use the same Wright StreetCar as the FTR services found in York, Leeds and Swansea.

Stoke-on-Trent built-up area
The Stoke-on-Trent Built-up Area or The Potteries Urban Area or colloquially, simply "The Potteries" is a conurbation in north Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England.

It includes the City of Stoke-on-Trent, and parts of the boroughs of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire Moorlands.

The area had a population of 384,000 in 2019, a small increase from the 2001 census figure of 362,403 with Stoke-on-Trent making up over 70% of this population. It is sometimes called The Potteries Urban Area due to the area's fame and economic importance for the manufacture of Staffordshire pottery, an important element in the Industrial Revolution, which remained a large industry until the 20th century.
IDEF4
IDEF4, or Integrated DEFinition for Object-Oriented Design, is an object-oriented design modeling language for the design of component-based client/server systems. It has been designed to support smooth transition from the application domain and requirements analysis models to the design and to actual source code generation. It specifies design objects with sufficient detail to enable source code generation.

This method is part of the IDEF family of modeling languages in the field of systems and software engineering.

Requirements analysis
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis focuses on the tasks that determine the needs or conditions to meet the new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating, and managing software or system requirements.

Requirements analysis is critical to the success or failure of systems or software projects. The requirements should be documented, actionable, measurable, testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design.
Accredited investor
An accredited or sophisticated investor is an investor with a special status under financial regulation laws. The definition of an accredited investor (if any), and the consequences of being classified as such, vary between countries. Generally, accredited investors include high-net-worth individuals, banks, financial institutions, and other large corporations, who have access to complex and higher-risk investments such as venture capital, hedge funds, and angel investments.

Laws may require that some types of financial offerings may only be made to accredited investors.

Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization. Historically, a human being was not necessarily considered a natural person in some jurisdictions where slavery existed (subject of a property right) rather than a person.
Rutherglen and Cambuslang
Rutherglen and Cambuslang is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament bcovering part of the council area of South Lanarkshire. It will elect one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of eight constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat was created at the second periodic review of Scottish Parliament boundaries in 2025, and will be first contested at the 2026 Scottish Parliament election. It covers the area of the former Rutherglen constituency, along with a very small portion of the Uddingston and Bellshill constituency.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Sissokosuchus
Sissokosuchus is an extinct genus of itasuchid notosuchian from the Early Cretaceous Continental intercalaire of Mali. Like other itasuchids, Sissokosuchus had relatively narrow jaws with numerous partially interlocking teeth, somewhat resembling modern crocodilians moreso than the oreinorostrine peirosaurids it's most closely related to. It has therefore been speculated that it may have been semi-aquatic, an idea that matches the fact that the Continental intercalaire has been interpreted as a downstream part of what is dubbed the Paleo-Tegama river system, which also included the fluvial systems of what is now Niger. Sissokosuchus is among the few itasuchids known from Africa and the first deeply nested members from the continent, though the exact implications of this remain somewhat poorly understood. The genus is monotypic, meaning it only includes a single species: S. maliensis.

Stolokrosuchus
Stolokrosuchus is an extinct genus of crocodyliforms found in the Early Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation, Niger. It is known from a nearly complete skull displaying a narrow, highly elongated and tubular snout similar to modern gharials. The classification of Stolokrosuchus has been a matter of debate, it was originally considered to be a member of the family Peirosauridae, but later studies also recovered it as possibly closely related to mahajangasuchids or more recently as a member of the family Itasuchidae. While all of these placements would classify Stolokrosuchus as a notosuchian, other studies have proposed a closer relationship to Neosuchia, although these results have been considered to be possibly influenced by its elongated snout. Stolokrosuchus is thought to have been a semi-aquatic animal like modern crocodiles and may have fed on fish and other agile prey present in the waterways of the Paleo-Tegama River System. The type and only known species is S. lapparenti.
Campbell Historical Museum
The Campbell Historical Museum is a local history museum located in Campbell, California. The museum, a section of the City of Campbell's Recreation & Parks, is the steward of the public trust of artifacts, photographs, archives and historic sites owned by the city. The museum is also responsible for archives, photographs, and objects related to the city's five historic sites: John Colpitts Ainsley House (a historic house museum), Campbell Union Grammar School (now part of the Heritage Village Offices), Campbell Union High School Historic District (now part of the Campbell Community Center), Galindo-Leigh House, and the Earl and Virginia Young House (now both private residencies).

Campbell Union Grammar School
Campbell Union Grammar School is a historic building in Campbell, California, United States. Designed by prominent Bay Area architect William H. Weeks, the building served as Campbell Union School District's first grammar school from 1922 to 1964. It is known for its Mediterranean Revival architectural style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 20, 1979. It has been owned by private developers since 1979.
Penstemon palmeri
Penstemon palmeri, known by the common name Palmer's penstemon, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the genus Penstemon that is notable for its showy, rounded flowers, and for being one of the few scented penstemons. The plant, in the family Plantaginaceae, is named after the botanist Edward Palmer.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Ximene Gomes
Ximene Gomes (born 8 September 1989) is a Mozambican swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She represented her nation Mozambique at the 2008 Summer Olympics, finishing among the top 60 swimmers in the women's 50 m freestyle.

Gomes was invited by FINA to compete as a lone female Mozambican swimmer in the 50 m freestyle at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Swimming as the fastest entrant in heat four, Gomes exploded off the blocks and came up with a magnificent effort to the top of the field in a scorching time and lifetime best of 28.15. Gomes' astonishing feat from the prelims was not enough to put her through to the semifinals, sharing a tie with Albania's Rovena Marku for the fifty-eighth overall position.

Rovena Marku
Rovena Marku (born 21 May 1987 in Shkodër) is an Olympic freestyle swimmer from Albania, who represented her native country at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.

At the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, she set a new Albanian record in 50 m freestyle of 28.15 – she held the previous mark at 28.79. She finished 58th in Olympics 2008.

She also swam at the 2007 World Championships in the 50 m freestyle and 50  breaststroke; and at the 2005 Mediterranean Games.
January 1913 Atlantic coast storm
The January 1913 Atlantic coast storm was a strong extratropical cyclone that affected the eastern coast of the United States on January 3, 1913. It resulted in heavy damage due to the high winds and produced record low pressure readings. The lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading, 955.0 mb (28.20 inHg), for a non-tropical system in the continental United States (CONUS) was recorded during this storm at Canton, New York. This broke the record low of this type set by the January 1886 Blizzard. The lowest pressure reading of this type was later equalled on March 7, 1932, at Block Island, Rhode Island. The next lowest record, 955.2 mb (28.21 inHg), was during the October 2010 North American storm complex on October 26, 2010, at Bigfork, Minnesota.

Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones are low-pressure areas which, along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the mid-latitudes of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of producing a range of weather conditions from wind, cloudiness and mild showers to severe hail, thunderstorms, blizzards, and tornadoes. This type of cyclone is thus defined as a large scale (synoptic) low pressure weather system occurring in the middle latitudes of the Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines called weather fronts, which are present about the center of the cyclone.
Cineguild Productions
Cineguild Productions was a production company formed by director David Lean, cinematographer Ronald Neame and producer Anthony Havelock-Allan in 1944. The company produced some of the major British films of the 1940s.

This Happy Breed (film)
This Happy Breed is a 1944 British Technicolor drama film directed by David Lean and starring Robert Newton, Celia Johnson, Stanley Holloway and John Mills. The screenplay by Lean (who also made his screenwriting debut), Anthony Havelock-Allan and Ronald Neame is based on the 1939 play This Happy Breed, by Noël Coward. It tells the story of an inter-war suburban London family, set against the backdrop of what were then recent news events, moving from the postwar era of the 1920s to the inevitability of another war, and the passing of the torch from one generation to the next. Domestic triumphs and tragedies play against such transformative changes as the coming of household radio and talking pictures. The film was not released in the United States until April 1947.
Portrait of Dr. Dumouchel
Portrait of Dr. Dumouchel is a 1910 painting by Marcel Duchamp. Raymond Dumouchel was a former schoolmate and a student in Radiology, an emerging field at the time (X-rays had been discovered in 1895). Duchamp painted the left hand of Dumouchel surrounded by an aura, suggestive of both the rays he worked with and his healing powers.

In a letter to the Arensbergs, Duchamp writes: "The portrait is very colourful (red and green) and has a note of humour which indicated my future direction to abandon mere retinal painting."

Duchamp included a facsimile of the painting in the Boîte-en-valise.

De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy (La Boîte-en-valise)
La Boîte-en-valise (box in a suitcase) is a type of mixed media assemblage by Marcel Duchamp consisting of a group of reproductions of the artist's works inside a box that was, in some cases, accompanied by a leather valise or suitcase. Duchamp made multiple versions of this type between 1935 and 1966. Titled From or by Marcel Duchamp or Rrose Sélavy (The Box in a Valise) (de ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy [Boîte-en-valise]), Duchamp conceived of the boxes as a portable museum:

Instead of painting something new, my aim was to reproduce the paintings and objects I liked and collect them in as small a space as possible. I did not know how to go about it. I first thought of a book, but I did not like the idea. Then it occurred to me that it could be a box in which all my works would be collected and mounted like in a small museum, a portable museum, so to speak. This is it, this valise.
Unlimited (arts initiative)
Unlimited is a commissioning programme that celebrates the work of deaf and disabled artists, originally conceived for by Arts Council England for the London 2012 Cultural Olympiad. Since its inception, the programme represents a multi-million pound investment which to date has commissioned more than 70 pieces of work across theatre, dance, visual art, music, literature, film, poetry and performance art. Several Unlimited-commissioned pieces have gone on to have a global reach, such as Sue Austin's Creating the Spectacle, which has reportedly been seen by more than 150 million people worldwide. Others have won critical and industry acclaim within their field, such as Touretteshero's Backstage in Biscuit Land, which earned the company the 2014 Total Theatre Award for Best Emerging Company. Unlimited is currently delivered in partnership between Shape Arts and Artsadmin with senior producer Jo Verrent.

2012 Cultural Olympiad
The 2012 Cultural Olympiad was a programme of cultural events across the United Kingdom that accompanied the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. It included 500 events nationwide throughout the UK, spread over four years and culminating in the London 2012 Festival. The Cultural Olympiad's programmes included: Artists Taking the Lead, Discovering Places, Film Nation: Shorts, New Music 20x12, Stories of the World, World Shakespeare Festival, and the BT River of Music.
Dynamic compression of the airways
Dynamic compression of the airways results when intrapleural pressure equals or exceeds alveolar pressure, which causes dynamic collapsing of the lung airways. It is termed dynamic given the transpulmonary pressure (alveolar pressure − intrapleural pressure) varies based on factors including lung volume, compliance, resistance, existing pathologies, etc.

It occurs during forced expiration when intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure (positive barometric values), and not during passive expiration when intrapleural pressure remains at subatmospheric pressures (negative barometric values). Clinically, dynamic compression is most commonly associated with the wheezing sound during forced expiration, such as in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD).

Lung volumes and capacities
Lung volumes and lung capacities are measures of the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle.

The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 litres of air.

Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing; the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such breath.

The average human respiratory rate is 30–60 breaths per minute at birth, decreasing to 12–20 breaths per minute in adults.
KDM5D
Lysine-specific demethylase 5D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5D gene. KDM5D belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases superfamily.

This gene encodes a protein containing zinc finger domains. A short peptide derived from this protein is a minor histocompatibility antigen which can lead to graft rejection of male donor cells in a female recipient.

Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases are a major class of non-heme iron proteins that catalyse a wide range of  reactions. These reactions include hydroxylation reactions, demethylations, ring expansions, ring closures, and desaturations. Functionally, the αKG-dependent hydroxylases are comparable to cytochrome P450 enzymes.  Both use O2 and reducing equivalents as cosubstrates and both generate water.
Tomás Álvarez de Acevedo
Tomás Antonio Álvarez de Acevedo Ordaz was a Spanish colonial administrator who was President of the Real Audiencia of Santiago between 1776 and 1788.

He also served twice as interim Royal Governor of Chile, first in 1780 and again between 1787 and 1788.

Royal Governor of Chile
The royal governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the royal governor also held the title of a captain general. There were 66 such governors or captains during the Spanish conquest and the later periods of Spanish-centered colonialism. Since the first Spanish–Mapuche parliaments in the 17th century it became an almost mandatory tradition for each governor to arrange a parliament with the Mapuches.
2014 Women's EuroHockey Junior Championship
The 2014 Women's EuroHockey Junior Championship was the 17th edition of the Women's EuroHockey Junior Championship, a field hockey tournament. It was held in Waterloo, Belgium between 20 and 26 July 2014.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2016 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, held in Santiago, Chile in November and December 2016.

Netherlands won the tournament by defeating Germany 2–0 in the final. England won the bronze medal by defeating Spain 2–0 in the third-place playoff.

Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship
The Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship is a women's international under-21 field hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation. The tournament has been held since 1977 and serves as a qualification tournament for the Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup. In June 2023, the tournament was renamed from the Women's EuroHockey Junior Championship to the Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship.

The Women's EuroHockey Junior Championships consists of three levels. There is promotion and relegation between the three levels. The top two placed teams in the Championship II are promoted to the following year's Championship while the two lowest placed teams in the Championship are relegated to the following year's Championship II.

The highest level has been won by three different teams: the Netherlands has the most titles with ten, Germany has nine titles and Spain won their first and only title at the 2019 edition in Valencia, Spain.
Ernesto Estrada (scientist)
Ernesto Estrada (born 2 May 1966) is a Cuban-Spanish scientist. He has been Senior ARAID Researcher at the Institute of Mathematics and Applications at the University of Zaragoza, Spain since 2019. Before that he was the chair in Complexity Science, and full professor at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics of the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. He is known by his contributions in different disciplines, including mathematical chemistry and complex network theory.

International Academy of Mathematical Chemistry
The International Academy of Mathematical Chemistry (IAMC) was founded in Dubrovnik, Croatia, in 2005 by Milan Randić. It is an organization for chemistry and mathematics avocation; its predecessors have been around since the 1930s. There are 88 Academy members (as of 2011) from around the world (27 countries), comprising six scientists awarded the Nobel Prize.
Isotopes of yttrium
Natural yttrium (39Y) is composed of the single stable isotope, 89Y. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y, which has a half-life of 106.63 days, and 91Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes and isomers have half-lives of less than 15 hours, except 87Y with 79.8 hours and 90Y with 64.05 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture to isotopes of strontium and the dominant mode after it is beta emission to isotopes of zirconium.

In total, the isotopes characterized range from 76Y to 109Y.

In products of nuclear fission, 90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90. This isotope alone is also used in medicine; see yttrium-90.

Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a rare-earth element. Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust.

The most important present-day use of yttrium is as a component of phosphors, especially those used in LEDs. Historically, it was once widely used in the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties.

Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans.