hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modern Era Basic Persons
The Modern Era Basic Persons (PMB) is a web service of the Austrian Academy of Sciences that compiles datasets on individuals, places, works, institutions, and events with a focus on Young Vienna, the Austrian Fin de Siècle, and Vienna in the period from 1900 to 1938. The PMB was published in 2018 by the Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage (ACDH-CH) and is continuously being expanded. Currently, it lists about 70,000 entities, mainly from the circles of Arthur Schnitzler, Karl Kraus, and Hermann Bahr.

Austrian Academy of Sciences
The Austrian Academy of Sciences (German: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; ÖAW) is a legal entity under the special protection of the Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research.
John Vaughan (British Army officer, born 1871)
Major-General John Vaughan,  CB, DSO, DL, JP (31 July 1871 –21 January 1956) was a cavalry officer in the 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars and the
10th (The Prince of Wales's Own) Royal Hussars of the British Army.

He fought in several conflicts on the African continent. During the First World War he commanded the 3rd Cavalry Brigade and then the 3rd Cavalry Division, for which he was awarded an Order of the Bath, and a Bar for the Distinguished Service Order, the first of which he had received in South Africa.

Post war he became the Welsh President of the British Legion, a Deputy Lieutenant for Merionethshire and a Justice of the Peace. During the Second World War he returned to the army as a Zone Commander in the Home Guard.

1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)
The 1st Cavalry Division was a regular Division of the British Army during the First World War where it fought on the Western Front. During the Second World War it was a first line formation, formed from Yeomanry Regiments. It fought in the Middle East before being converted to the 10th Armoured Division.
Heros Peninsula
Heros Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Херос, romanized: poluostrov Heros, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈxɛros]) is the partly ice-free 8.9 km wide peninsula projecting from Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula 13 km southeastwards into Cabinet Inlet.  It ends in Spur Point to the southeast.

The feature is named after the Thracian god Heros (the Thracian Rider).

Foyn Coast
The Foyn Coast (66°40′S 64°20′W﻿ / ﻿66.667°S 64.333°W﻿ / -66.667; -64.333) is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Alexander and Cape Northrop. It was discovered in 1893 by a Norwegian expedition under Captain Carl Anton Larsen, who named it for Svend Foyn, a Norwegian whaler of Tønsberg whose invention of the grenade harpoon greatly facilitated modern whaling.
Dawn Williams
Dawn Williams-Sewer (born 23 December 1973 in Portsmouth, Dominica) she is a retired athlete who competed for Dominica.

She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in the women's 800 metres, in the first round she finished 3rd and qualified for the semi-final, where she finished 5th and just missed out to a place in the final. Her result was overall in 10th place. This was the best performance by an athlete from Dominica at the Olympics until 2024 and Thea LaFond's gold medal in women's triple jump.

Competing for the Little Rock Trojans track and field team, Williams-Sewer won the 1997 800 meters at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.

Thea LaFond
Thea Noeliva LaFond (born April 5, 1994) is a Dominican-American track and field athlete who competes in the triple jump. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she won gold in the triple jump to claim the first-ever Olympic medal for Dominica. LaFond was also the 2024 World Indoor triple jump champion.
Aquatic therapy
Aquatic therapy refers to treatments and exercises performed in water for relaxation, fitness, physical rehabilitation, and other therapeutic benefit. Typically a qualified aquatic therapist gives constant attendance to a person receiving treatment in a heated therapy pool. Aquatic therapy techniques include Ai Chi, Aqua Running, Bad Ragaz Ring Method, Burdenko Method, Halliwick, Watsu, and other aquatic bodywork forms. Therapeutic applications include neurological disorders, spine pain, musculoskeletal pain, postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation, pediatric disabilities, pressure ulcers, and disease conditions, such as osteoporosis. Aquatic physical therapy is also beneficial for older adults for fall prevention, increasing balance, and gait training.

Sense of balance
The sense of balance or equilibrioception is the perception of balance and spatial orientation. It helps prevent humans and nonhuman animals from falling over when standing or moving. Equilibrioception is the result of a number of sensory systems working together; the eyes (visual system), the inner ears (vestibular system), and the body's sense of where it is in space (proprioception) ideally need to be intact.

The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. This is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The balance system works with the visual and skeletal systems (the muscles and joints and their sensors) to maintain orientation or balance. Visual signals sent to the brain about the body's position in relation to its surroundings are processed by the brain and compared to information from the vestibular and skeletal systems.
Charles Eugene, 2nd Duke of Arenberg
Charles Eugene, 2nd Duke of Arenberg (8 May 1633 – 25 June 1681), a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece since 1678, became 2nd Duke of Arenberg on the death of his half-brother Philippe François, 1st Duke of Arenberg. The original title had been awarded on 6 June 1644, by  Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, making  the principality of Arenberg a dukedom of the Austrian Empire..

He married Marie-Henriette de Cusance, marquise de Varambon in 1660. Their two sons Philippe Charles François, 3rd Duke of Arenberg  and Alexandre, fell in battle in 1691 and 1683 respectively. He was Grand-Baillif and Capitaine-Général of Hainaut.

Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand Ernest; 13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1625, King of Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 to his death.

Ferdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from the old ideas of divine right held by his father, as he wished to end the war quickly. After military defeats and against a background of declining power, Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects to open the long road towards the much-delayed Peace of Westphalia. Although his authority as emperor was weakened after the war, his position in Bohemia, Hungary and Austria was stronger than that of his predecessors before 1618.

Ferdinand was the first Habsburg monarch to be recognised as a musical composer.
Rainbow Ethiopia: Movement for Democracy and Social Justice
The Rainbow Ethiopia: Movement for Democracy and Social Justice (RE:MDSJ), also known as Keste Damena Ethiopia, was a political party in Ethiopia. At the 2005 legislative elections, the party was part of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy in the Council of People's Representatives, which later became Unity for Democracy and Justice. In an electoral upset that year, the city council of Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa was taken by the opposition coalition, including Rainbow Ethiopia.

The founding chairman was Dr. Berhanu Nega. The public relations head of the party was Professor Mesfin Woldemariam.

Unity for Democracy and Justice
The Unity for Democracy and Justice was an Ethiopian political party. It was founded by Birtukan Midekssa on 20 June 2008, based on the parties that constituted the Coalition for Unity and Democracy. It was a major component in the eight-party Medrek coalition, the largest opposition coalition in the 2010 election. In May 2019, the party merged with the Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice, bringing an end to the party.
Views on military action against Iran
Military action against Iran is often deemed a controversial topic. Proponents of a strike against Iran point to the threat presented by Iran's nuclear program as a casus belli. Many Israelis, and particularly hardline politicians such as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, American neoconservatives, Iranian dissidents (monarchists, Mojahedin-e-Khalq, separatists) support military action to stop Iran's nuclear program or overthrow the regime in Iran.

Middle East Institute
The Middle East Institute (MEI) is a non-profit, mainly UAE/Saudi funded, non-partisan think tank and cultural center in Washington, D.C., founded in 1946. It seeks to "increase knowledge of the Middle East among the United States citizens and promote a better understanding between the people of these two areas."
1962 LPGA Championship
The 1962 LPGA Championship was the eighth LPGA Championship, held October 4–7 at Stardust Country Club in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Judy Kimball, age 24, shot a final round 72 (+1) to win her only major title, four strokes ahead of runner-up Shirley Spork. The winner's share was $2,300 and second place earned $1,850. Kimball's 282 set a new record for the championship, three strokes ahead of Louise Suggs' 285 in 1957. Two-time defending champion Mickey Wright fell short in search of her third consecutive LPGA Championship; she finished thirteen strokes back in eighth place, but won her fourth LPGA Championship the following year.

It was the second of six consecutive LPGA Championships at Stardust, which opened the previous year. After several ownership and name changes, it became Las Vegas National Golf Club in 1998.

1957 LPGA Championship
The 1957 LPGA Championship was the third LPGA Championship, held June 6–10 at Churchill Valley Country Club in Blackridge, Pennsylvania, a suburb east of Pittsburgh.  It concluded on Monday, after rain washed out play on Saturday.

Louise Suggs, president of the LPGA, shot a final round 68 (−2) to win her only LPGA Championship, three strokes ahead of runner-up Wiffi Smith. Defending champion Marlene Hagge and 1955 winner Beverly Hanson finished two strokes behind Smith, in a tie for third. Smith, age 20, led after each of the first three rounds, but carded a 74 (+4) in the final round on Monday. She won eight events on the LPGA Tour in her career, but no majors. It was the tenth of eleven major titles for Suggs.

The field consisted of 26 professionals; a concurrent event for amateurs was also held. The championship returned to Churchill Valley the next year in 1958 and the course hosted its third major the following year, the U.S. Women's Open in 1959.
The club closed in 2013.
Alpha chain
The term alpha chain is normally used to indicate one of the subunits of a multi-subunit protein. The term "chain" is a general term given to any peptide sequence. It can often refer more specifically to mean:

a part of the T-cell receptor,

the fibrinogen alpha chain,

the integrin alpha chain,

Hemoglobin, alpha 1

It should be distinguished from the term alpha helix, which refers to one of the common secondary structures found in proteins, along with beta sheet.

Protein secondary structure
Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets, though beta turns and omega loops occur as well. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as an intermediate before the protein folds into its three dimensional tertiary structure.

Secondary structure is formally defined by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone. Secondary structure may alternatively be defined based on the regular pattern of backbone dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds.

The concept of secondary structure was first introduced by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang at Stanford in 1952. Other types of biopolymers such as nucleic acids also possess characteristic secondary structures.
CS Sporting Roșiori
Clubul Sportiv Sporting Roșiori, commonly known as Sporting Roșiori, was a Romanian professional football club based in Roșiorii de Vede, Teleorman County. Sporting Roșiori was founded initially in 1929 and existed until 1972, when it was absorbed by CFR Roșiori, later renamed ROVA Roșiori, which was dissolved in 2008, after which the Sporting Roșiori name was revived, without direct continuity with the original entities.

Liga IV Teleorman
Liga IV Teleorman (known as Liga IV Fortuna Sports for sponsorship reasons) is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Teleorman County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Teleorman – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Teleorman, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.
Laurence Dworet
Laurence Dworet, M.D. (usually just credited as Laurence Dworet) is an American screenwriter.

In 1990, he and his writing partner Robert Roy Pool sold their spec screenplay The Ultimatum for $500,000 against $1,000,000 if a film was made. It was the story of terrorists who plant an atomic bomb in an American city and threaten nuclear devastation unless their demands are met. Steven Spielberg described it as one of the three most exciting scripts he had ever read and was going to direct it, but the script became bogged-down in endless rewrites.

Using his medical background, Dworet and Pool wrote the screenplay for Outbreak which they sold to producer Arnold Kopelson for $250,000 as he wanted a rival virus picture to Fox's Crisis in the Hot Zone. Kopelson then paid Ted Tally $500,000 to rewrite the script.

An interview with Dworet can be found in William Froug's book The New Screenwriter Looks at the New Screenwriter.

William Froug
William Froug (May 26, 1922 – August 25, 2013) was an American television writer and producer. His producing credits included the series The Twilight Zone, Gilligan's Island, and Bewitched. He was a writer for, among other shows, The Dick Powell Show, Charlie's Angels, and Adventures in Paradise. He authored numerous books on screenwriting, including Screenwriting Tricks of the Trade, Zen and the Art of Screenwriting I and II, The Screenwriter Looks at The Screenwriter, and How I Escaped from Gilligan's Island: Adventures of a Hollywood Writer-Producer, published in 2005 by the University of Wisconsin Press.

One of Froug's students, actor and screenwriter Dan O'Bannon, included a reference to Froug in the 1974 film Dark Star. O'Bannon's character, Sergeant Pinback, claims that his real name is "Bill Froug".
The Dirty South (album)
The Dirty South is the fifth album by American rock group Drive-By Truckers, released in 2004. The Dirty South is Drive-By Truckers' second concept album.  Like its predecessor, Southern Rock Opera, the album examines the state of the South, and unveils the hypocrisy, irony, and tragedy that continues to exist.

Southern Rock Opera
Southern Rock Opera is the third studio album by the American rock band Drive-By Truckers, released in 2001. A double album covering an ambitious range of subject matter from the politics of race to 1970s stadium rock, Southern Rock Opera either imagines, or filters, every topic through the context of legendary Southern band Lynyrd Skynyrd. The record was originally self-released on Soul Dump Records. The album was re-released on July 16, 2002, by Lost Highway Records. The album was financed by issuing promissory notes in exchange for loans from fans, family and friends of the band.

The album's artwork was done by Richmond, Virginia artist Wes Freed.
1994 Orange Bowl
The 1994 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1994. The contest was the Bowl Coalition National Championship Game for the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. This 60th edition to the Orange Bowl featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference and the Florida State Seminoles of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Florida State narrowly prevailed over the Cornhuskers to win their first national championship in program history.

Bowl Coalition
The College Football Bowl Coalition was formed through an agreement among NCAA Division I-A college football bowl games and conferences for the purpose of better scheduling a national championship game between the top two teams and to provide quality bowl game matchups for the champions of its member conferences. It was established for the 1992 season after there were co-national champions for both 1990 and 1991. The agreement was in place for the 1992, 1993, and 1994 college football seasons. It was the predecessor of the Bowl Alliance (1995–1997), and later the Bowl Championship Series (1998–2013) and the College Football Playoff (2014–present).
2020 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Forlì
The 2020 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Forlì was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Forlì, Italy between 21 and 27 September 2020.

2020 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2020 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2020 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 57 tournaments with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $162,480. It was the 43rd edition of challenger tournaments cycle and 12th under the name of Challenger Tour.

The Challenger Tour was suspended between 13 March and 16 August due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2008 Adelaide Sevens
The 2008 Adelaide Sevens, promoted as the International Rugby Sevens Adelaide 2008, was a rugby sevens tournament that was part of the IRB Sevens World Series in the 2007–08 season. It was the Australian Sevens leg of the series, held on the weekend of 5 and 6 April at the Adelaide Oval in South Australia.

South Africa halted New Zealand's winning streak, defeating them 15–7 in the Cup final. The Cook Islands provided the biggest upset of the competition by finishing 2nd in their group, thus qualifying to the Cup competition; they would parachute into the Plate competition after a 48–0 drubbing by Samoa in the Cup quarterfinals. Ultimately, Tonga won the Plate, defeating Kenya 14–12. Argentina won the Bowl and Wales won the Shield.

2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series
The 2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series was the ninth of an annual IRB Sevens World Series of rugby sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000.

The defending series champions, New Zealand, dominated this season's competition, winning the first five events, setting new records for consecutive tournament wins and consecutive match wins, and clinching the 2007–08 series with one tournament remaining after winning the Plate Final of the London leg. They ended with six wins out of the eight events.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format; however, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days.
Greta De Reyghere
Greta De Reyghere is a Belgian soprano who specializes in early music and Baroque music in historically informed performance but also performs a variety of other classical music in concert. She is a teacher at the Royal Conservatory of Liège.

Johann Hermann Schein
Johann Hermann Schein (20 January 1586 – 19 November 1630) was a German composer of the early Baroque era. He was Thomaskantor in Leipzig from 1615 to 1630. He was one of the first to import the early Italian stylistic innovations into German music, and was one of the most polished composers of the period.
Alternative versions of Batman
The character of Batman was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, and has been continually published in a variety of DC Comics book titles since its premiere in 1939. There have been several versions of Batman over the years, both as the main hero in the stories as well as several alternative versions.

Multiverse (DC Comics)
In most of the DC Comics media, the Multiverse is a "cosmic construct" that is composed of the many universes the stories of DC media take place in. The worlds within the multiverse share a space and fate in common, and its structure has changed several times in the history of DC Comics.
1989–90 Australian Tri-Series
The 1989–90 World Series was a One Day International (ODI) cricket tri-series where Australia played host to Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Australia and Pakistan reached the Finals, which Australia won 2–0. Sri Lanka wore royal blue for the first time in Australia.

Australian Tri-Series
The Australian Tri-Series was an annual one day international (ODI) cricket tournament held in Australia, and contested by Australia and two touring teams.

The series was the primary format for international one-day cricket throughout most of the early history of ODI cricket in Australia, staged during the height of the Australian cricket season, in the summer months of December, January and February. The tri-series was first held in 1979–80 and was contested every season until 2007–08. It has since been held only twice since 2007–08, and ODI cricket has since been played as bilateral ODI series against a single touring opponent.
Improving Access to Psychological Therapies
Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT), also known as NHS Talking Therapies, for anxiety and depression, is a National Health Service initiative to provide more psychotherapy to the general population in England. It was developed and introduced by the Labour Party as a result of economic evaluations by Professor Lord Richard Layard, based on new therapy guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence as promoted by clinical psychologist David M. Clark.

Clinical commissioning group
Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) were National Health Service (NHS) organisations set up by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to replace strategic health authorities and primary care trusts to organise the delivery of NHS services in each of their local areas in England. On 1 July 2022, they were abolished and replaced by integrated care systems as a result of the Health and Care Act 2022.
Vanguerieae
Vanguerieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 671 species in 29 genera. It is one of the most species-rich groups within the family and it is distributed across the Paleotropics.

Pyrostria
Pyrostria is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the  family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotra), a few are found in continental Africa, and only six species occur in tropical Southeast Asia. The formerly recognized genus Leroya, containing two species endemic to Madagascar, L. madagascariensis and L. richardiae, was sunk into synonymy with Pyrostria.