hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shabbington Woods Complex
Shabbington Woods Complex is a 305.6-hectare (755-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) between Horton-cum-Studley and Worminghall in Buckinghamshire. It comprises Shabbington Wood, Bernwood Forest, Hell Coppice, Oakley Wood and York's Wood. Shabbington Wood is owned by the Forestry Commission, and a small area of 7.5 hectares called Bernwood Meadows is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

The site is the largest remnant of the former Royal Forest of Bernwood. Other remnants are SSSIs in Oxfordshire. In this site only a small area of ancient woodland survives, and the main interest is the rich insect fauna. There are also two unimproved meadows, bounded by mature hedges, and several ponds. Over forty species of butterfly have been recorded, including the rare Duke of Burgundy.

Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust
The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) is a Wildlife Trust covering the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire in England.

The trust was formerly called the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust (BBONT).
Grinnell Land
Grinnell Land is the central section of Ellesmere Island in the northernmost part of Nunavut territory in Canada.  It was named for Henry Grinnell, a shipping magnate from New York, who in the 1850s helped finance two expeditions to search for Franklin's lost expedition.

Grinnell Land is also a name given by Captain Edwin De Haven for land now known as the Grinnell Peninsula of Devon Island, to the southwest of Ellesmere Island. He sighted the peninsula's mountaintops on 22 September 1850 during the First Grinnell Expedition.  De Haven substantiated the name in his official report of the voyage, dated October 1851.

Grinnell Land is part of Quttinirpaaq National Park.

Fort Conger is located the northern shore of Lady Franklin Bay in Grinnell Land, across Bellot Island.

Quttinirpaaq National Park
Quttinirpaaq National Park is located on the northeastern corner of Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is the second most northerly park on Earth after Northeast Greenland National Park. In Inuktitut, Quttinirpaaq means "top of the world". It was established as Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve in 1988, and the name was changed to Quttinirpaaq in 1999, when Nunavut was created, and became a national park in 2000.
The reserve covers 37,775 km2 (14,585 sq mi), making it the second largest park in Canada, after Wood Buffalo National Park.

The park is remarkable for its extensive glaciers and ice caps, desert-like conditions, and life forms that are uniquely adapted to the extreme polar environment. Only about 50 people visit the park each year.
2018 World Para Swimming European Championships – Men's 50 metres butterfly
The men's 50 metres butterfly at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships was held at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin from 13 to 19 August.  Two classification finals were held in all over this event.

2018 World Para Swimming European Championships
The 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2018 World Para Swimming Allianz European Championships took place in Dublin, Ireland from 13 to 19 August 2018. It was the 5th edition of the Championships, the first under the new World Para Swimming branding, and the first time Ireland had hosted. Ukraine topped the medal table for the fourth time in a row.

Formerly the IPC Swimming European Championships, this was the first edition of the championships since IPC undertook a rebrand of all sports for which they are the governing body, including the 'World Para' title for the committees running each sport. IPC Swimming was rebranded World Para Swimming in 2016; its first World Para Swimming Championships were held in 2017, and the European Championships followed suit in 2018.
Marzio Masturzo
Marzio Masturzo (fl. 17th century) was an Italian Baroque painter, active near his natal city of Naples. He was a pupil of Paolo Greco, then, along with Salvatore Rosa, a fellow-pupil of Aniello Falcone.
Like Falcone, he often painted battle scenes. He appears to have joined during the Masaniello revolt, a loose fraternity of artists called the Compagnia della morte involved in the rebellion.

Masaniello
Tommaso Aniello (29 June 1620 – 16 July 1647), popularly known by the contracted name of Masaniello (Italian: [mazaˈnjɛlːo], Neapolitan: [masaˈnjelːə]), was an Italian fisherman, who led the Neapolitan Revolt of 1647 against the rule of Habsburg Spain in the Kingdom of Naples.
2013 Girls' EuroHockey Youth Championships
The 2013 Girls' EuroHockey Youth Championships was the seventh edition of the Girls' EuroHockey Youth Championships, the biennial international women's under-18 field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. The tournament was held from 29 July to 4 August 2013 in Dublin, Ireland at the University College Dublin.

Netherlands won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Germany 1–0 in the final.

Girls' EuroHockey U18 Championship
The Girls' EuroHockey U18 Championship is a biennial European field hockey competition for girls' under-18 national teams organized by the European Hockey Federation.

The Championship sees the eight highest-ranked teams contesting the title. The competition take place every two years in the odd-numbered years. Teams ranked 9th to 16th will compete in Championship II, the next level competes in Championship III.

Germany and the Netherlands are the only two countries to have won the title.
1987 Ronde van Nederland
These are the results for the 27th edition of the Ronde van Nederland cycling race, which was held from August 17 to August 22, 1987. The race started in Bergen op Zoom (North Brabant) and finished in Gulpen (Limburg).

Tour of the Netherlands
The Tour of the Netherlands (Dutch: Ronde van Nederland) is a road bicycle racing stage-race in the Netherlands, founded in 1948.

It was an annual race since 1975. Because of the start of the UCI ProTour in 2005, it was replaced by the Eneco Tour.

The first edition started on April 24, from Dam Square, Amsterdam. The riders finished on May 1, nine days later, in the Olympisch Stadion.

The competition's roll of honor includes the successes of Rik Van Looy, Jan Janssen, Joop Zoetemelk and Laurent Fignon. The record of victories belongs to Gerrie Knetemann.

The race was not held from 2005 to 2024, before returning in 2025 as the Tour of Holland. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour calendar as a 2.1 category event.
Marginal rate of technical substitution
In microeconomic theory, the marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS)—or technical rate of substitution (TRS)—is the amount by which the quantity of one input has to be reduced () when one extra unit of another input is used (), so that output remains constant ().

It can be shown that , where  and  are the marginal products of input 1 and input 2, respectively.

Along an isoquant, the MRTS shows the rate at which one input (e.g. capital or labor) may be substituted for another, while maintaining the same level of output. Thus the MRTS is the absolute value of the slope of an isoquant at the point in question.

When relative input usages are optimal, the marginal rate of technical substitution is equal to the relative unit costs of the inputs, and the slope of the isoquant at the chosen point equals the slope of the isocost curve (see conditional factor demands). It is the rate at which one input is substituted for another to maintain the same level of output.

Production–possibility frontier
In microeconomics, a production–possibility frontier (PPF), production-possibility curve (PPC), or production-possibility boundary (PPB) is a graphical representation showing all the possible quantities of outputs that can be produced using all factors of production, where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time. A PPF illustrates several economic concepts, such as allocative efficiency, economies of scale, opportunity cost (or marginal rate of transformation), productive efficiency,  and scarcity of resources (the fundamental economic problem that all societies face).

This tradeoff is usually considered for an economy, but also applies to each individual, household, and economic organization. One good can only be produced by diverting resources from other goods, and so by producing less of them.
Shahe, Hebei
Shahe (Chinese: 沙河; pinyin: Shāhé) is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Xingtai, in the southern part of Hebei province, China.

Shahe has been called China's "glass capital." Its glass factories manufacture about ten percent of the world supply of flat glass. About 50,000 of Shahe's 480,000 residents work in the glass industry.

Smog in Shahe has become a serious problem, with some factories preferring to pay fines rather than comply with air pollution enforcement requirements.

Xingtai
Xingtai (simplified Chinese: 邢台; traditional Chinese: 邢臺; pinyin: Xíngtái; Wade–Giles: Hsing2-tʻai2), formerly known as Xingzhou or Shunde, is a prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has a total area of 12,486 km2 (4,821 sq mi) and administers 4 districts, 2 county-level cities and 12 counties. At the 2020 census, its population was 7,111,106 inhabitants. By the end of 2024, the total resident population of the city will be 6.877,800. Among them, the resident population of urban areas is 3,921,700. It borders Shijiazhuang and Hengshui in the north, Handan in the south, and the provinces of Shandong and Shanxi in the east and west respectively.
Poland national youth football team
The Poland national youth football teams are a group of six teams that represents Poland in association football at various specific age levels, ranging from under-16 to under-21. All of the teams are controlled by Polish Football Association, the governing body for football in Poland.

The six teams are the following:

Poland national under-21 football team

Poland national under-20 football team

Poland national under-19 football team

Poland national under-18 football team

Poland national under-17 football team

Poland national under-16 football team

Poland national under-21 football team
The Poland national under-21 football team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski U-21 w piłce nożnej) is the national under-21 football team of Poland and is controlled by the Polish Football Association.

This team is for Polish players aged 21 or under at the start of a two-year European Under-21 Championship campaign, so players can be, and often are, up to 23 years old.

The performance of Poland in the U-21 Euro is used to decide if Poland can qualify for the Summer Olympics. Since the team's foundation, Poland only managed to qualify once, the 1992 Summer Olympics thanked for having the best coefficence point among losing quarter-finalists in the 1992 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, but managed to finish second in the tournament.
Orós Alto
Orós Alto is a locality situated in the municipality of Biescas. It is located 835 metres above sea level in Alto Gállego, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. In 2019, the locality had a population of 20 inhabitants.

Biescas
Biescas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbjeskas]) is a municipality of northeastern Spain close to the border with France, in the midst of the Pyrenees in the province of Huesca. The name seems to provide from the term bizka, which means "hill" in a Proto-Indo-European language.

The town of Biescas is located at 875 meters altitude on the banks of the Gállego river. The municipality extends along a small plain and includes the canyon to access to the Tena Valley. At 72 km north of the main city Huesca, Biescas is a communication hub between the regions of Jacetania and Sobrarbe. The town is strategically located to crossing the Gállego river, as a link between the valleys of Tena and Ara.
Nilpotent matrix
In linear algebra, a nilpotent matrix is a square matrix N such that

for some positive integer .  The smallest such  is called the index of , sometimes the degree of .

More generally, a nilpotent transformation is a linear transformation  of a vector space such that  for some positive integer  (and thus,  for all ). Both of these concepts are special cases of a more general concept of nilpotence that applies to elements of rings.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
Reiko Nagase
Reiko Nagase (Japanese: 永瀬麗子, Hepburn: Nagase Reiko) is a character in Bandai Namco's Ridge Racer series. Originally created by artist Kei Yoshimizu for the 1995 video game Rave Racer, she was given a name and expanded role in later titles for the series due to how well she contrasted against the series' racing element, becoming a mascot for the company. While she has appeared in almost every game since, her exclusion from Ridge Racer V drew significant backlash, resulting in her return in the following titles.

Reiko was well received since her debut, praised for both her character and the physical attractiveness of her character design. She has also been seen as an important part of Sony Entertainment's PlayStation brand, featured in a tech demo as part of the PlayStation 2's reveal. However, some have also criticized her usage in games, seeing it as sexualization of women in games or relegating female characters to the background compared to their counterparts.

Promotional model
A promotional model is a model hired to drive consumer demand for a product, service, brand, or concept by directly interacting with potential customers. Most promotional models are conventionally attractive in physical appearance. They serve to make a product or service more appealing, and can provide information to journalists and consumers at trade shows and convention events. Promotional models are used in motorsports, other sports (such as dart competitions) or at trade shows, or they can act as "spokesmodels" to promote a specific brand or product in advertisements.
Boris Kosarev
Boris Maximovich Kosarev (Russian: Бори́с Макси́мович Ко́сарев; 29 October 1911–14 November 1989) was a Soviet photographer and journalist. From the 1930s to the 1960s, he served as an official photographer for the Soviet government and documented key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Kosarev is known for capturing many iconic photographs of political events and Soviet leaders.

Order of the Red Star
The Order of the Red Star (Russian: Орден Красной Звезды, romanised: Orden Krasnoy Zvezdy) was a military decoration of the Soviet Union.  It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 5 May 1930. That statute was amended by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 7 May 1936, of 19 June 1943, of 26 February 1946, of 15 October 1947, of 16 December 1947 and by decree No 1803-X of 28 March 1980.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service. RADIUS was developed by Livingston Enterprises in 1991 as an access server authentication and accounting protocol. It was later brought into IEEE 802 and IETF standards.

RADIUS is a client/server protocol that runs in the application layer, and can use either TCP or UDP. Network access servers, which control access to a network, usually contain a RADIUS client component that communicates with the RADIUS server. RADIUS is often the back-end of choice for 802.1X authentication. A RADIUS server is usually a background process running on UNIX or Microsoft Windows.

The Blast-RADIUS attack breaks RADIUS when it is run on an unencrypted transport protocol like UDP.

Client–server model
The client–server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may be on the same device. A server host  runs one or more server programs, which share their resources with clients. A client usually does not share its computing resources, but it requests content or service from a server and may share its own content as part of the request. Clients, therefore, initiate communication sessions with servers, which await incoming requests.
Examples of computer applications that use the client–server model are email, network printing, and the World Wide Web.
Mohamud Hassan Suleiman
Mohamud Hassan Suleiman (Somali: Maxamuud Xasan Suleymaan, Arabic: محمود حسن سليمان) is a Somali politician. On 4 November 2012, he was appointed the Minister of Finance and Planning of Somalia by Prime Minister Abdi Farah Shirdon. On 17 January 2014, Suleiman was succeeded as Minister of Finance by Hussein Abdi Halane and as Minister of Planning by Said Abdullahi Mohamed.

Abdi Farah Shirdon
Abdi Farah Shirdon (Somali: Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon; Arabic: عبدي فارح شردون; born 1958) is a Somali businessman, economist and politician. He served as the prime minister of Somalia between October 2012 and December 2013. Shirdon is credited with having overseen significant development in social services and the national budget, as well as improving local security.
Praso, Italy
Praso (Pras in local dialect) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 362 and an area of 9.8 square kilometres (3.8 mi2). It was merged with Daone and Bersone on January 1, 2015, to form a new municipality, Valdaone.

Praso borders the following municipalities: Daone, Roncone, Lardaro, Bersone and Pieve di Bono.

Lardaro
Lardaro (Lardèr in local dialect) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Trento.  It was merged with Bondo, Breguzzo and Roncone on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Sella Giudicarie.
Auburn–LSU football rivalry
The Auburn–LSU football rivalry, also known as the Tiger Bowl, is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers and the LSU Tigers. Both universities have been members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) since December 1932, but the rivalry dates back to 1901. Auburn and LSU played every year from 1992-2023, when both schools were members of the SEC West Division.

The LSU and Auburn football teams have met 58 times, with LSU holding the all-time lead 33–24–1. This annual matchup was known for wild endings, unusual events, and strong hostility. This rivalry game has been the source of several legendary SEC football games. Including "The Earthquake Game" and "The Barn Burner". CBS college football host Brad Nessler has described the Tiger Bowl as "Where anything can happen".

D. J. Chark
Darrell Demont "D. J." Chark Jr. (born September 23, 1996) is an American professional football wide receiver. He played college football for the LSU Tigers and was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round of the 2018 NFL draft.
FSC Lublin Automotive Factory
The FSC Lublin Automotive Factory (Polish: Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych) commonly known as FSC, is a large motor vehicle factory in Poland established while the country was part of the Soviet Bloc. It was founded in 1950. The first vehicle left its assembly line on November 7, 1951. The factory was built on an open field in Lublin from the grounds up, to first produce light trucks and later vans, as well as vehicles for the military.

Tarpan Honker
Honker (initially known as Tarpan Honker, also Daewoo Honker, Andoria Honker, Intrall Honker 4x4, and DZT Tymińscy Honker) is a Polish multi-purpose off-road vehicle. Shown as a prototype in 1984, it was produced in a variety of models. It is best known for its use by the Polish Army both at home and in Iraq. Apart from the army and police forces, the company to own the largest number of Honkers is the Polish KGHM company, which uses them to transport miners underground.
Basse-Terre
Basse-Terre (/bæsˈtɛər/, bas-TAIR; French: [bɑstɛʁ] ⓘ; Guadeloupean Creole: Bastè [bastɛ]) is a commune in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is also the prefecture (capital city) of Guadeloupe. The city of Basse-Terre is located on Basse-Terre Island, the western half of Guadeloupe.

Although it is the administrative capital, Basse-Terre is only the second-largest city in Guadeloupe, behind Pointe-à-Pitre. Together with its urban area, it had 44,864 inhabitants in 2012 (11,534 of whom lived in the city of Basse-Terre proper).

Prefectures in France
In France, a prefecture (French: préfecture, pronounced [pʁefɛktyʁ] ⓘ) may be:

the chef-lieu de département, the commune in which the administration of a department is located;

the chef-lieu de région, the commune in which the administration of a region is located;

the jurisdiction of a prefecture;

the official residence or headquarters of a prefect.

Although the administration of departments and regions is distinct, a regional prefect is ex officio prefect of the department in which the regional prefecture is located. The officeholder has authority upon the other prefects in the region on a range of matters.
Air-cushioned landing craft
An air-cushioned landing craft, also called an LCAC (landing craft, air cushioned), is a modern variation on the amphibious landing boat. The majority of these craft are small- to mid-sized multi-purpose hovercraft, also known as "over the beach" ("OTB") craft. This allows troops and material to access more than 70 percent of the world's coastline, while only approximately 15 percent of that coastline is available to conventional boat-type landing craft.  Typical barriers to conventional landing craft are soft sandy beaches, marshes, swampland, and loose surfaces. Air cushion technology has vastly increased the landing capability of the craft, providing greater speed and flexibility over traditional landing craft.

Like the mechanized landing craft, they are usually equipped with mounted machine guns; they also support grenade launchers and heavy weapons.

Landing craft
Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. Production of landing craft peaked during World War II, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.

Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow. This made them difficult to control and very uncomfortable in rough seas. The control point (too rudimentary to call a bridge on LCA and similar craft) was normally at the extreme rear of the vessel, as were the engines. In all cases, they were known by an abbreviation derived from the official name rather than by the full title.