hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monica Olvera de la Cruz
Monica Olvera de la Cruz is a Mexican born, American and French soft-matter theorist who is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor of Chemistry, and by courtesy Professor of Physics and Astronomy and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, at Northwestern University.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Hisaki Kato
Hisaki Kato (Japanese: 加藤久輝, Katō Hisaki; born September 17, 1982) is a Japanese professional mixed martial artist and kickboxer who competed in Bellator's Middleweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2013, he has also competed for Rizin.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
Reich, Germany
Reich (German pronunciation: [ʁaɪç] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Gordon Tietjens
Sir Gordon Frederick Tietjens KNZM (/ˈtɪtʃənz/; born 9 December 1955) is a celebrated former coach of the New Zealand men's national team in rugby sevens, the All Blacks Sevens. He spent 22 years in this role. He was also head coach of the Samoa rugby sevens team for four years.

When the International Rugby Board inducted him into the IRB Hall of Fame in May 2012, it said that "Tietjens' roll of honour is without peer in Sevens, and perhaps in the game of rugby as a whole." According to Spiro Zavos, Tietjens is "The greatest of all the Sevens coaches".

As of his induction, he had coached the All Blacks Sevens to 10 series titles in the IRB Sevens World Series, the Rugby World Cup Sevens crown in 2001, and gold medals in four of the five Commonwealth Games in which the sport had been contested, losing the 2014 final in Glasgow. He has also added two more IRB Sevens series titles (2013 and 2014), and a second Rugby World Cup Sevens crown (also in 2013).

Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held over six days in August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. The 2016 Olympics was the debut for rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics, though rugby union was last played at the 1924 games.

The usual laws of rugby sevens applied.
47 BC
Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calenius and Vatinius (or, less frequently, year 707 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 47 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Battle of Zela (47 BC)
The Battle of Zela was fought in 47 BC between Julius Caesar and Pharnaces II of the Kingdom of Pontus. The battle took place near Zela (modern Zile), which is now a small hilltop town in the Tokat province of northern Turkey. The battle ended the ambitions of king Pharnaces who wanted to expand his rule over Asia Minor.

Following his swift victory, Caesar famously declared, Veni, Vidi, Vici ("I came, I saw, I conquered"), emphasizing the speed and decisiveness of his triumph.
Sheung Yiu Folk Museum
Sheung Yiu Folk Museum is housed in Sheung Yiu Village (Chinese: 上窰村), a declared monument of Hong Kong, on Pak Tam Chung Nature Trail, Sai Kung District, Hong Kong. Sheung Yiu means "above the kiln" in Chinese. It is one of two branch museums of the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, the other being the Hong Kong Railway Museum.

Declared monuments of Hong Kong
Declared monuments of Hong Kong are places, structures or buildings legally declared to receive the highest level of protection. In Hong Kong, declaring a monument requires consulting the Antiquities Advisory Board, the approval of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong as well as the publication of the notice on the Hong Kong Government Gazette.

As of December 2024, there are 136 declared monuments in Hong Kong, with 58 listed on Hong Kong Island, 55 on New Territories, 14 on Kowloon, and 9 on the Outlying Islands.

Under Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, some other buildings are classified as Grades I, II and III historic buildings, and are not listed below.
Saw Pa Oh of Sagaing
Saw Pa Oh (Burmese: စောပအို, pronounced [sɔ́ bə ʔò]) was a queen consort of King Kyaswa of Sagaing. She was a daughter of King Uzana I of Pinya. She and Kyaswa had at least one daughter named Saw Sala who became a queen of King Uzana II of Pinya.

Uzana II of Pinya
Uzana II of Pinya (Burmese: ဥဇနာ, [ʔṵzənà]; also Uzana Pyaung, ဥဇနာ ပြောင်, [ʔṵzənà bjàʊɰ̃]; 1324/25 – September 1364) was king of Pinya for three months in 1364. He was merely a nominal king, and could not consolidate his power in the wake of the devastating raid by the northern Shan state of Mong Mao. He was overthrown in September 1364 by Thado Minbya of Sagaing.
Crow's Nest (Hong Kong)
Crow's Nest (Chinese: 鴉巢山) is a hill north of So Uk in Cheung Sha Wan of New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It has a height of 194 metres (636 feet) and is located south of Eagle's Nest. It is one of the Eight Mountains of Kowloon.

Lung Cheung Road and Tai Po Road are found on its southern slope. On the eastern side of the hill, there are three private housing estates: Dynasty Heights, Skylodge and Tropicana. Lei Cheng Uk Estate, a public housing estate rebuilt during the 1980s, is at the southern foot of the hill. Its western slope is mainly given over to cultivation.

So Uk
So Uk (Chinese: 蘇屋; Cantonese Yale: Sōuūk) is an area in New Kowloon of Hong Kong, located to the north of Cheung Sha Wan. It was originally a village founded and resided by a clan bearing the surname So. The area now includes the area surrounding So Uk Estate, and a major hospital, Caritas Medical Centre, is also located within the area.
Joni Mitchell Archives – Vol. 2: The Reprise Years (1968–1971)
Joni Mitchell Archives – Vol. 2: The Reprise Years (1968–1971) is a five-disc box set by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, released on November 12, 2021, by Rhino Records. The box set is the seventh overall release and second offering of unreleased material from the Joni Mitchell Archives, a planned series of releases containing remastered material from the singer's personal archives. Formatted in chronological order, the second volume of the series consists of the archived material that was recorded during Mitchell's tenure at Reprise Records, which includes the years between the release of her debut studio album, Song to a Seagull (1968) and her fourth studio album, Blue (1971).

Joni Mitchell Archives – Vol. 1: The Early Years (1963–1967)
Joni Mitchell Archives – Vol. 1: The Early Years (1963–1967) is a five-disc box set by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, released on October 30, 2020, by Rhino Records. The box set is the first release of the Joni Mitchell Archives, a planned series of releases containing remastered material from the singer's archives. Formatted in chronological order, the first volume of the series includes the archived material that was recorded in the years preceding the release of Mitchell's debut studio album, Song to a Seagull (1968). The album won the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards.
2023 Mubadala Citi DC Open
The 2023 Washington Open (called the Mubadala Citi DC Open for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 54th edition of the Washington Open for the men, and the 11th edition for the women. The event was part of the ATP Tour 500 series of the 2023 ATP Tour and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2023 WTA Tour (upgraded from WTA 250 status in 2022). The Washington Open took place at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C., United States, from 31 July to 6 August 2023.

2023 ATP Tour
The 2023 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2023 tennis season. The 2023 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the United Cup, the ATP 500 series, the ATP 250 series. Also included in the 2023 calendar were the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Laver Cup,  Hopman Cup (sanctioned by the ITF), none of which distributed ranking points. 2023 marked the return of the ATP tournaments in China after strict COVID-19 protocols in the country.
Double beta decay
In nuclear physics, double beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which two neutrons are simultaneously transformed into two protons, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. As in single beta decay, this process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons. As a result of this transformation, the nucleus emits two detectable beta particles, which are electrons or positrons.

The literature distinguishes between two types of double beta decay: ordinary double beta decay and neutrinoless double beta decay. In ordinary double beta decay, which has been observed in several isotopes, two electrons and two electron antineutrinos are emitted from the decaying nucleus. In neutrinoless double beta decay, a hypothesized process that has never been observed, only electrons would be emitted.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Indium(III) chloride
Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3 which forms a tetrahydrate. This salt is a white, flaky solid with applications in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium. This is one of three known indium chlorides.

Methyllithium
Methyllithium is the simplest organolithium reagent, with the empirical formula LiCH3. This s-block organometallic compound adopts an oligomeric structure both in solution and in the solid state. This highly reactive compound, invariably used in solution with an ether as the solvent, is a reagent in organic synthesis as well as organometallic chemistry. Operations involving methyllithium require anhydrous conditions, because the compound is highly reactive towards water. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are also incompatible with MeLi. Methyllithium is usually not prepared, but purchased as a solution in various ethers.
Fusker
Fusker is a type of website or utility that extracts images in bulk from a website (typically from free hosted galleries) by systematically loading and downloading images following a pattern in the website's URL scheme. Fusking or fuskering is often used to extract private and nude photos without consent of the owner.

Fusker software allows users to identify a sequence of images with a single pattern, for example: http://www.example.com/images/pic[1-16].jpg. This example would identify images pic1.jpg through pic16.jpg. When this pattern is given to a fusker website, the website would produce a page that displays all sixteen images in that range. Patterns can also contain lists of words, such as http://www.example.com/images/{small,medium,big}.jpg, which will produce three URLs, each with one word from the bracketed list. The web page is then presented to the person who entered the fusker, and can also be saved on the fusker web server so that other people may view it.

Inline linking
Inline linking (also known as hotlinking, piggy-backing, direct linking, offsite image grabs, bandwidth theft, or leeching) is the practice of using or embedding a linked object—often an image—from one website onto a webpage of another website. In this process, the second site does not host the object itself but instead loads it directly from the original source, creating an inline link to the hosting site.
Philadelphia Fury (1978–1980)
The Philadelphia Fury was an American soccer team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1978 to 1980.  The team was based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and played their home games at Veterans Stadium. The team's ownership group included rock musicians Rick Wakeman, Peter Frampton, Mick Jagger, and Paul Simon. During the team's three years of play in Philadelphia it never had a winning record, but qualified for, and advanced to the second round, of the 1979 playoffs.  After the 1980 NASL season, the team was sold and moved to Montreal, rebranding as the Montreal Manic.

Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993)
The Tampa Bay Rowdies were an American professional soccer team based in Tampa, Florida, that competed in the original North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1975 to 1984. They enjoyed popular support in the Tampa Bay area until the NASL folded in 1984, after which the team played in various minor indoor and outdoor leagues before finally folding on January 31, 1994. The Rowdies played nearly all of their outdoor home games at Tampa Stadium and nearly all of their indoor games at the Bayfront Center Arena in nearby St. Petersburg, Florida. Although San Diego played indoors until 1996, the Rowdies were the last surviving NASL franchise that played outdoor soccer on a regular basis.
Baga Bogd
Baga Bogd (Mongolian: Бага Богд, lit. "lesser saint") is a mountain of the Gobi-Altai Mountains and located in the Övörkhangai Province in Mongolia. Its highest peak Myangan Yamaat has an elevation of 3,620 metres (11,877 ft).

Övörkhangai Province
Övörkhangai (Mongolian: Өвөрхангай; lit. "South Khangai") is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. Its capital is Arvaikheer.

The Shankh Monastery, one of the oldest and most important monasteries, is located in this province, as well as Erdene Zuu monastery and Tövkhön Monastery. Karakorum, the ancient capital of the Mongol Empire, was located adjacent to the Erdene Zuu monastery.
2024 Padang mayoral election
The 2024 Padang mayoral election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the mayor and vice mayor of Padang, West Sumatra for a five-year term. The previous election was held in 2018. Former Padang Panjang Mayor Fadly Amran of the NasDem Party won the election with 55% of the vote. He defeated former Mayor Hendri Septa of the National Mandate Party (PAN), who received 27%. Muhammad Iqbal of the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) placed third with 17%.

Mayor of Padang
The mayor of Padang is an elected politician who is accountable for the strategic government of Padang, one of the provincial capitals in Indonesia. The position was first held by W.M. Ouwerkerk when the role was created in 1928 by the Dutch colonial government, while under government of Indonesia it was first held by Abubakar Jaar in 1945, after Indonesian independence.

Mayors of Indonesian provinces are now chosen via popular election. Mahyeldi Ansharullah has held the position since 2014 until 2019 after being elected in the 2013 election.

Below is a list of mayors of Padang.

Annotations
2017 Speedway World Cup Event 2
Event Two of the 2017 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup was the second race of the 2017 edition of the Speedway World Cup. It was staged on July 4 at the Stena Arena in Västervik, Sweden and was won by Sweden from Russia, Latvia, and Denmark. As a result, Sweden progressed directly to the 2017 Speedway World Cup Final, while Russia and Latvia progressed to the 2017 Speedway World Cup Race-off. Denmark were eliminated.

Latvia and Denmark initially tied on 28 points after the 20 qualifying heats, however Andžejs Ļebedevs beat Niels-Kristian Iversen in a run-off to secure the Latvians place in the race-off. It was the first time since the Speedway World Cup was introduced in 2001 that Denmark had been eliminated at this stage.

Antonio Lindbäck and Fredrik Lindgren top scored for Sweden with 11 and 10 points respectively, while Grigory Laguta led Russia with a 12-point haul.

2017 Speedway World Cup
The 2017 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup (SWC) was the seventeenth Speedway World Cup, the annual international motorcycle speedway world championship tournament organised by the FIM. The next edition would not be held until six years later in 2023. The 2017 event took place between 1 July and 8 July 2017 and involved nine national teams. Poland successfully defended their 2016 title.
Axon terminal
Axon terminals (also called terminal boutons, synaptic boutons, end-feet, or presynaptic terminals) are distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon, also called a nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses called action potentials away from the neuron's cell body to transmit those impulses to other neurons, muscle cells, or glands. Most presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system are formed along the axons (en passant boutons), not at their ends (terminal boutons).

Functionally, the axon terminal converts an electrical signal into a chemical signal. When an action potential arrives at an axon terminal (A), the neurotransmitter is released and diffuses across the synaptic cleft. If the postsynaptic cell (B) is also a neuron, neurotransmitter receptors generate a small electrical current that changes the postsynaptic potential. If the postsynaptic cell (B) is a muscle cell (neuromuscular junction), it contracts.

Optogenetic methods to record cellular activity
Optogenetics began with methods to alter neuronal activity with light, using e.g. channelrhodopsins. In a broader sense, optogenetic approaches also include the use of genetically encoded biosensors to monitor the activity of neurons or other cell types by measuring fluorescence or bioluminescence. Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are used frequently to monitor neuronal activity, but other cellular parameters such as membrane voltage or second messenger activity can also be recorded optically. The use of optogenetic sensors is not restricted to neuroscience, but plays increasingly important roles in immunology, cardiology and cancer research.
Perimeter fence
A perimeter fence system is a fence that visually demarcates and protects a property by blocking entry at the property's perimeter. The level of protection offered varies according to the threat to the perimeter. Different types of perimeter fencing include:

Chain-link fencing

Metal railings

Palisade fencing

Rolled mesh fencing

Timber fencing

Welded wire mesh fence fencing

Vertical bar fencing has been the most popular form of perimeter fence since the 1980s.  In the 2000s, welded wire mesh and acoustic barriers have become popular. Vertical bar, acoustic barriers and welded mesh are used in commercial projects and landmarks and transport hubs.

Sensors may be attached to the fence that generate alarms when they detect someone cutting, climbing, lifting or otherwise bypassing the fence.

Palisade
A palisade, sometimes called a stakewall or a paling, is typically a row of closely placed, high vertical standing tree trunks or wooden or iron  stakes used as a fence for enclosure or as a defensive wall. Palisades can form a stockade.
Gerald I. Shulman
Gerald I. Shulman, MD, PhD, MACP, MACE, FRCP, is an American physician-scientist specializing in endocrinology and metabolism. He is the George R. Cowgill Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Professor of Cellular and Molecular Physiology at the Yale School of Medicine. Shulman also serves as Co-Director of the Yale Diabetes Research Center.

European Association for the Study of Diabetes
The European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) is a scientific association founded in Montecatini Terme, Italy in 1965 with Joseph Hoet as Founding President. The aims of the association are to encourage and support research in the field of diabetes, the rapid diffusion of acquired knowledge in that field, and to facilitate its application.
WMB 3D: World's Most Beautiful
WMB 3D: World's Most Beautiful is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine based in Los Angeles. Created by Nick Saglimbeni in 2011, WMB 3D has been described as "the first commercial magazine entirely photographed and designed in 3D." The annual print issue has approximately 200 pages and is also available online; in both cases the features and ads can be seen in either 3D or 2D.

Issues have featured Kim Kardashian, Stan Lee, actress Gabrielle Union, DJ Paul Oakenfold, and Bollywood actress Mallika Sherawat. WMB 3D photoshoots and behind-the-scenes interviews have been covered on shows such as E! News.

Stereo photography techniques
Stereo photography techniques are methods to produce stereoscopic images, videos and films. This is done with a variety of equipment including special built stereo cameras, single cameras with or without special attachments, and paired cameras. This involves traditional film cameras as well as, tape and modern digital cameras. A number of specialized techniques are employed to produce different kinds of stereo images.
Norwood (London County Council constituency)
Norwood was a constituency used for elections to the London County Council between 1889 and the council's abolition, in 1965.  The seat shared boundaries with the UK Parliament constituency of the same name.

Norwood (UK Parliament constituency)
Norwood was a parliamentary constituency in south London which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system.