hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Humbert series
In mathematics, Humbert series are a set of seven hypergeometric series Φ1, Φ2, Φ3, Ψ1, Ψ2, Ξ1, Ξ2 of two variables that generalize Kummer's confluent hypergeometric series 1F1 of one variable  and the confluent hypergeometric limit function 0F1 of one variable. The first of these double series was introduced by Pierre Humbert (1920).

Paul Émile Appell
M. P. Appell is the same person: it stands for  Monsieur Paul Appell.

Paul Émile Appell (27 September 1855 in Strasbourg – 24 October 1930 in Paris) was a French mathematician and Rector of the University of Paris. Appell polynomials and Appell's equations of motion are named after him, as is rue Paul Appell in the 14th arrondissement of Paris and the minor planet 988 Appella.
Key Stage 1
Key Stage 1 is the legal term for the two years of schooling in maintained schools in England normally known as Year 1 and Year 2, when pupils are aged between 5 and 7. This Key Stage normally covers pupils during infant school, although in some cases this might form part of a first or primary school. It is also the label used for the third and fourth years of primary education in Northern Ireland. In Hong Kong, it is used to describe Primary One to Primary Three.

Three-tier education
Three-tier education refers to those structures of schooling, which exist in some parts of England, where pupils are taught in three distinct school types as they progress through the education system.
Ja Lama
Ja Lama (Mongolian: Жа Лама, also known as Dambiijantsan, Mongolian: Дамбийжанцан or Dambiijaa, Mongolian: Дамбийжаа; 1862–1922) was an adventurer and warlord of unknown birth and background who fought successive campaigns against the rule of the Qing dynasty in western Mongolia between 1890 and 1922. He claimed to be a Buddhist lama, though it is not clear whether he actually was one, as well as a grandson and later the reincarnation of Amursana, the Khoid-Oirat prince who led the last great Mongol uprising against the Qing in 1757. He was one of the commanders of Mongolian forces that liberated Khovd city from Qing control in 1912.

Khoid
The Khoid, also Khoyd or Khoit (Chinese: 辉特; "Northern ones/people") people are an Oirat subgroup of the Choros clan. Once one of largest tribes of the Oirats.

Amursana was a Khoid Oirat

Partisans of Amursana, in the Battle of Khorgos against Qing China (1758)
2022 Copa Chile
The 2022 Copa Chile (officially known as Copa Chile Easy 2022 due to its sponsorship), was the 42nd edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national football cup tournament. The tournament began on 19 March 2022 and ended on 13 November 2022, with the final match on neutral ground.

Magallanes won their first Copa Chile title, defeating Unión Española 7–6 on penalty kicks after a 2–2 draw in the final. Colo-Colo were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Ñublense in the round of 16.

Campeonato Nacional Primera B
The Campeonato Nacional de la Primera B del Fútbol Profesional Chileno (English: National Championship of the First B of Chilean Professional Football) is the second tier in the Chilean football league system, and is organized by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional. It was established in 1952 as Segunda División, and later renamed in 1996 to the current name. Since 1954, automatic promotion to and relegation from the Campeonato Nacional has been granted, although Palestino and Rangers were promoted to the top flight in the first season.
Bystřice pod Lopeníkem
Bystřice pod Lopeníkem is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Bystřice pod Lopeníkem lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) south-east of Uherské Hradiště, 31 km (19 mi) south of Zlín, and 272 km (169 mi) south-east of Prague.

Uherské Hradiště
Uherské Hradiště (Czech pronunciation: [ˈuɦɛrskɛː ˈɦraɟɪʃcɛ]; German: Ungarisch Hradisch) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration with the two neighbouring towns of Staré Město and Kunovice has over 37,000 inhabitants.

The town is the centre of the cultural region of Moravian Slovakia. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Pembroke, Ontario
Pembroke (/ˈpɛmbrʊk/ PEM-brook) is a city in eastern Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley. It lies approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) northwest of Ottawa. It serves as the county seat of Renfrew County and functions as a regional administrative, judicial, healthcare, and commercial centre for surrounding communities, independent of the county government.

Historically, Pembroke developed as an important centre of the Ottawa Valley lumber trade, a role that shaped its early growth and institutional development. As of the 2021 Census, the city had a population of 14,364.

Petawawa
Petawawa (/ˈpɛtəwɒwɒ/ PET-ə-WAW-waw) is a town located in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario, Canada.  Situated in the Ottawa Valley, with a population of 18,160 (2021 Census), Petawawa is the most populous municipality in Renfrew County.
Grand Lodge of British Freemasons in Germany
The Grand Lodge of British Freemasonry in Germany (GL BFG) is a Masonic Grand Lodge in Germany working in the English language and following English Masonic traditions.  It was founded as a District Lodge in 1957 and after various transformations (see below) was eventually recognised as Grand Lodge in 1980.  This Grand Lodge is one of the five United Grand Lodges of Germany (VGLvD).  It currently has members from a variety of nations and in addition to the "resident members" in Germany, there are "non-resident members" all over the world.  Currently, 19 lodges work under the GL BFG, mainly in North Rhine-Westphalia, but also in Lower Saxony, Hamburg, Munich, Berlin and also near Frankfurt.

Masonic ritual and symbolism
Masonic ritual is the scripted words and actions that are spoken or performed during the degree work in a Masonic lodge. Masonic symbolism is that which is used to illustrate the principles which Freemasonry espouses. Masonic ritual has appeared in a number of contexts within literature (for example: "The Man Who Would Be King", by Rudyard Kipling, and War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy).
Phyllobrostis eremitella
Phyllobrostis eremitella is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found in Portugal, France (Alpes-Maritimes, Bouches-du-Rhone, Pyrenees-Orientales, Var), and Italy.

The wingspan is 9–9.5 mm (0.35–0.37 in) for males and 9.5–10.5 mm (0.37–0.41 in) for females. The larvae feed on Daphne gnidium, forming galls.

Lyonetiidae
Lyonetiidae is a family of moths with around 200 described species. These are small, slender moths, the wingspan rarely exceeding 1 cm. The very narrow forewings, held folded backwards covering the hindwings and abdomen, often have pointed apices noticeably up- or down-turned. The larvae are leaf miners.

The families Bucculatricidae and Bedelliidae are sometimes considered subfamilies of Lyonetiidae.
Lyon-Saint-Exupéry TGV station
Lyon Saint-Exupéry TGV station (formerly Gare de Satolas TGV) is a railway station near Lyon, France, directly attached to Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport. The station was built as an addition to the airport to serve TGV trains on the LGV Rhône-Alpes, part of the main line running from Paris Gare de Lyon to Marseille Saint-Charles. It is situated about 20 km east of Lyon city centre.

A rail link to La Part-Dieu (main railway station and business district) in central Lyon is provided by the Rhônexpress tram-train line with a 30-minute journey.

Moving walkway
A moving walkway – also known as an autowalk, moving pavement, moving sidewalk, travolator, or travelator – is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to medium distance. They can be used by standing on them or walking on them, allowing users to cover that distance with less effort and/or more speed than by walking. They are commonly installed in pairs to provide transport in each direction. They are typically designed similarly to escalators and share much of the same underlying technology.
2003 Australian Open
The 2003 Australian Open was a tennis tournament held in 2003. It was the first Grand Slam event of the 2003 ATP Tour and the 2003 WTA Tour. It was the 91st edition of the event and attracted 512,225 spectators.

Thomas Johansson could not defend his 2002 title due to an injury which would rule him out for all of 2003. Jennifer Capriati was unsuccessful in her title defence, being defeated in the first round by German Marlene Weingärtner. Andre Agassi won his fourth Australian Open and final Grand Slam title, defeating Rainer Schüttler in a lopsided final. Serena Williams defeated her sister Venus in the final in three sets, to win her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title to hold all four Grand Slam titles at once.

2003 WTA Tour
The 2003 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2003 tennis season. The 2003 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the 2003 WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Hadith of the thaqalayn
The hadith of the thaqalayn (Arabic: حديث الثقلين, lit. 'saying of the two treasures') refers to a statement, attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, that introduces the Quran, the principal religious text in Islam, and his progeny as the only two sources of divine guidance after his death. Widely reported by both Shia and Sunni authorities, the hadith of the thaqalayn is of particular significance in Twelver Shia, where their Twelve Imams are viewed as the spiritual and political successors of Muhammad.

Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance.
R Capricorni
R Capricorni (R Cap) is a star in the constellation of Capricornus.  It has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 9.4 and 14.9. A mira variable and ageing red giant, it is in the asymptotic giant branch stage of its lifespan. It is a carbon star.

John Russell Hind discovered this variable star in 1848. It appeared with its variable star designation, R Capricorni, in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work, Second Catalogue of Variable Stars.

R Capricorni is too far from earth for its parallax to be measured effectively; Guandalini and Cristallo calculated the luminosity of Mira variables based on their periods. Using a period of 345.13 days, they calculated the absolute magnitude of R Capricorni to be -4.58.

R Capricorni is losing mass at rate of 2.8×10−6 M☉/year.

Carbon star
A carbon star (C-type star) is typically an asymptotic giant branch star, a luminous red giant, whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen. The two elements combine in the upper layers of the star, forming carbon monoxide, which consumes most of the oxygen in the atmosphere, leaving carbon atoms free to form other carbon compounds, giving the star a "sooty" atmosphere and a strikingly ruby red appearance. There are also some dwarf and supergiant carbon stars, with the more common giant stars sometimes being called classical carbon stars to distinguish them.

In most stars (such as the Sun), the atmosphere is richer in oxygen than carbon. Ordinary stars not exhibiting the characteristics of carbon stars but cool enough to form carbon monoxide are therefore called oxygen-rich stars.

Carbon stars have quite distinctive spectral characteristics, and they were first recognized by their spectra by Angelo Secchi in the 1860s, a pioneering time in astronomical spectroscopy.
Eugene Daub
Eugene Daub (born November 13, 1942) is an American contemporary figure sculptor, best known for his portraits and figurative monument sculpture created in the classic heroic style. His sculptures reside in three of the nation's state capitals and in the National Statuary Hall in the United States Capitol. His work appears in public monuments and permanent collections in the United States and Europe.

Academy of Art University
The Academy of Art University (AAU, or ART U), formerly Academy of Art College and Richard Stephens Academy of Art, is a private for-profit art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded as the Academy of Advertising Art by Richard S. Stephens in 1929. The school is one of the largest property owners in San Francisco, with the main campus located on New Montgomery Street in the South of Market district.

In fall 2024, it had 121 full-time teachers, 485 part-time teaching staff, and 6,320 students; it claims to be the largest privately owned art and design school in the United States.
Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Voices", written by Joy Deb, Linnea Deb, Jimmy "Joker" Thörnfeldt, and Anderz Wrethov, and performed by Tusse. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), organised Melodifestivalen 2021 in order to select its entry for the contest.

Charlotte Perrelli
Anna Jenny Charlotte Perrelli (Swedish: [ɧaˈɭɔtː pɛˈrɛ̌lːɪ]; née Nilsson; born 7 October 1974), known until 2003 by her maiden name, is a Swedish singer and television host. Under her maiden name, she won the 1999 Melodifestivalen and subsequently that year's Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Take Me to Your Heaven".

Since 1999 Perrelli has released seven albums and multiple singles. She once again won Melodifestivalen in 2008 and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with her song "Hero". She is one of Sweden's most popular female singers, often performing at Sweden's top shows. Throughout her career, she has worked with different types of music, ranging from dansband and schlager, via modern pop, to soulful ballads and jazz melodies.
Burton J. Kushner
Burt Kushner  is an American pediatric ophthalmologist specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus.   Kushner's contributions include demonstration of improved visual fields of patients following strabismus surgery, elucidation of torsional contribution to patients with diplopia, corticosteroid treatment of periocular capillary hemangioma, and novel hypotheses on the mechanism of "overacting" extraocular muscles.

American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) is an academic association of pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus surgeons. The pediatric ophthalmology fellowships in the United States are accredited by the AAPOS. International members are also allowed based on evident valuable contributions and dedication to the field of pediatric ophthalmology.

The association also publishes the Journal of AAPOS as its official publication. The journal presents papers on children's eye diseases and on strabismus. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Embase, ProQuest databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
Leyla Chihuán
Leyla Felícita Chihuán Ramos (born September 4, 1975) is a Peruvian politician and former volleyball player of  Afro-Peruvian descent, who twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics. In 2011, she entered politics, serving as a Congresswoman until the dissolution of Congress in September 2019.

2010 Final Four Women's Volleyball Cup
The 2010 Final Four Women's Volleyball Cup was the third edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by four countries from September 21–25, 2010 in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. The teams qualified through the 2010 Pan-American Cup, held in Rosarito and Tijuana, Mexico.
Sílvio (footballer, born 1987)
Sílvio Manuel de Azevedo Ferreira Sá Pereira (born 28 September 1987), known simply as Sílvio, is a Portuguese former professional footballer. A defender, he was equally at ease as a right or left-back.

He made 129 Primeira Liga appearances for Rio Ave, Braga, Benfica, Vitória de Setúbal and Vitória de Guimarães, winning several honours while playing infrequently for the third of those clubs. Abroad, he featured in La Liga for Atlético Madrid and Deportivo, and spent a season in England with Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Sílvio won eight caps for Portugal in three years, making his debut in 2010.

2014–15 Primeira Liga
The 2014–15 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga NOS for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 15 August 2014 and concluded on 23 May 2015.

On 17 May 2015, Benfica won their second consecutive and 34th overall title.
Ochamchire Municipality
Ochamchire Municipality (Georgian: ოჩამჩირის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Očamčiris municip’alit’et’i; Abkhaz: Очамчыра амуниципалитет) is an administrative unit in the Georgian Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. The capital of the municipality is Ochamchire. Ochamchire Municipality has boundaries with Gulripshi Municipality and Gali Municipality of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tsalenjikha Municipality of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.

Gulripshi District
Gulripshi District (Georgian: გულრიფშის რაიონი, Abkhaz: Гәылрыҧшь араион) is a district of Abkhazia, one of Georgia’s breakaway republics. It corresponds to the eponymous Georgian district. Its capital is Gulripshi, the town by the same name. Until the August 2008 Battle of the Kodori Valley, the north-eastern part of Gulripshi district was part of Upper Abkhazia, the corner of Abkhazia controlled by Georgia until the Battle of the Kodori Valley during the August 2008 South Ossetia War. Upper Abkhazia was home to 1,956 of the district's 19,918 inhabitants, most of whom were ethnic Svans (a subgroup of the Georgian people). Most of these fled before the battle and have not yet returned.

Of note is the Dranda Cathedral sitting over a shrine built by Justinian in 551. The medieval principality of Dal-Tsabal was centered in the district. Abkhazia's main airport, Sukhumi Dranda Airport, is also located in Gulripshi district.
Quercus ithaburensis
Quercus ithaburensis, the Mount Tabor oak, is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is found from southeastern Italy to the Levant. It is the national tree of Jordan. Two subspecies are accepted, Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis and Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (syn. Quercus macrolepis, the Valonia oak). Together with Quercus brantii, it forms a clade of distinct, closely related species within the oak section Cerris.

Quercus brantii
Quercus brantii, Brant's oak, is a species of oak native to Western Asia, mainly in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.

A shrub or small tree, Quercus brantii grows to between 6 and 15 meters tall, and has serrated leaves with 5-14 teeth per side.

Quercus brantii (covering more than 50% of the Zagros Mountains forest steppe ecoregion) is the most important tree species of the Zagros Mountains in Iran. It grows in soils derived from limestone at altitudes up to 2200 meters above sea level, and forms communities with other oaks, as well as Pinus brutia, Styrax officinalis, and Paliurus spina-christi.

Iranians use its seed in traditional medicine. Other useful products derived from oaks include fuel wood, charcoal and timber hardwood.
Jefferson Union High School District
The Jefferson Union High School District (JUHSD) is a high school district in northern San Mateo County, California, which serves the cities of Daly City, Brisbane and Pacifica, the town of Colma, the CDP of Broadmoor and a section of San Bruno. Its district office is located at the new location of 123 Edgemont Drive, Bldg. A, Daly City. It serves as a secondary education district for students coming from the Jefferson Elementary School District, Bayshore Elementary School District, Brisbane School District, and the Pacifica School District.

Pacifica School District
Pacifica School District is a public school district in Pacifica, California, US.

Pacifica consists of one middle school, three K–8 elementary schools, two K–5 elementary schools, and the Linda Mar Educational Center. It currently serves over 3,100 students.
Oregon's 4th Senate district
District 4 of the Oregon State Senate comprises central Lane County centered around Eugene and Springfield. It is composed of Oregon House districts 7 and 8. It is currently represented by Democrat Floyd Prozanski of Eugene.

Oregon's 8th House district
District 8 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes a portion of Lane County, including most of downtown Eugene and the University of Oregon. The current representative for the district is Democrat Lisa Fragala of Eugene.
BI 224436
BI 224436 was an investigational new drug under development for the treatment of HIV infection.  BI 224436 is the first non-catalytic site integrase inhibitor (NCINI).  It inhibits HIV replication via binding to a conserved allosteric pocket of the HIV integrase enzyme.  This makes the drug distinct in its mechanism of action compared to raltegravir and elvitegravir, which bind at the catalytic site. In October 2011, Gilead Sciences purchased exclusive rights to develop BI 224436 and several related compounds under investigation in Boehringer Ingelheim’s noncatalytic site integrase inhibitor program.

Clinical trials were abandoned in advance of Phase 1.

Raltegravir
Raltegravir, sold under the brand name Isentress, is an antiretroviral medication used, together with other medication, to treat HIV/AIDS. It may also be used, as part of post-exposure prophylaxis, to prevent HIV infection following potential exposure. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired, nausea, high blood sugar, and headaches. Severe side effects may include allergic reactions including Stevens–Johnson syndrome, muscle breakdown, and liver problems. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. Raltegravir is an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor which blocks the functioning of HIV integrase which is needed for viral replication.

Raltegravir was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Lamivudine/raltegravir, a combination with lamivudine, is also available.
Pu's inequality
In differential geometry, Pu's inequality, proved by Pao Ming Pu, relates the area of an arbitrary Riemannian surface homeomorphic to the real projective plane with the lengths of the closed curves contained in it.

Metric circle
In mathematics, a metric circle is the metric space of arc length on a circle, or equivalently on any rectifiable simple closed curve of bounded length. The metric spaces that can be embedded into metric circles can be characterized by a four-point triangle equality.

Some authors have called metric circles Riemannian circles, especially in connection with the filling area conjecture in Riemannian geometry, but this term has also been used for other concepts. A metric circle, defined in this way, is unrelated to and should be distinguished from a metric ball, the subset of a metric space within a given radius from a central point.