hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cesare Casadei
Cesare Casadei (born 10 January 2003) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Serie A club Torino.

Casadei played youth football with various Italian clubs before moving from Inter Milan to Chelsea in 2022. He was sent on loan in January 2023 and made his professional debut with Reading. He then joined Leicester City on loan for the 2023–24 season. He joined Torino in February 2025.

Representing Italy in various youth levels, Casadei received the Golden Ball and the Golden Boot awards in the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

FIFA U-20 World Cup
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members' men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as "the tournament of tomorrow's superstars." Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The reigning champions are Morocco, which won their first title at the 2025 tournament in Chile.
Xixiu, Anshun
Xixiu District (simplified Chinese: 西秀区; traditional Chinese: 西秀區; pinyin: Xīxiù Qū) is a district in the prefecture-level city of Anshun, Guizhou Province, China. The district spans an area of 1,705 square kilometres, and has a population of 765,399 people as of the 2010 Chinese Census.

Anshun
Anshun (simplified Chinese: 安顺; traditional Chinese: 安順; pinyin: Ānshùn) is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population of 765,313. Within the prefecture are attractions such as The Long Gong Dragon Caves and the Getu River.
Cass Sunstein
Cass Robert Sunstein (born September 21, 1954) is an American legal scholar known for his work in U.S. constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and behavioral economics. He is also The New York Times best-selling author of The World According to Star Wars (2016) and Nudge (2008). He was the administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2012.

Sunstein serves as the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School. He was previously a professor at the University of Chicago Law School from 1981 to 2008. In 2014, studies of legal publications found Sunstein to be the most frequently cited American legal scholar by a wide margin.

MIT Press
The MIT Press is the university press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The MIT Press publishes a number of academic journals and has been a pioneer in the open access movement in academic publishing.
Waring, Texas
Waring is an unincorporated community in northwestern Kendall County, Texas, United States. It lies along local roads and the Guadalupe River, northwest of the city of Boerne, the county seat of Kendall County.  Its elevation is 1,345 feet (410 m). Although Waring is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 78074; the ZCTA for ZIP Code 78074 had a population of 59 at the 2000 census. The community is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Founded in 1887 by R. P. M. Waring, the community was named for its founder's hometown of Waringsford in Ireland; the name was not changed until 1901. From its foundation until service ceased in 1970, the community was a station on the Kerrville branch of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway.

Kerrville, Texas
Kerrville is a city in and the county seat of Kerr County, Texas, United States.  The population of Kerrville was 24,278 at the 2020 census. Kerrville is named after James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, and friend of settler-founder Joshua Brown, who settled in the area to start a shingle-making camp.

Being nestled in the hills of the Texas Hill Country, Kerrville is best known for its parks that line the Guadalupe River, which runs directly through the city; other features include its nearby youth summer camps, hunting ranches, and RV parks. It is home to the Texas' Official State Arts & Crafts Fair, the Kerrville Folk Festival, the Kerrville Triathlon (since 2011), and the Kerrville Renaissance Festival (since 2017), as well as Mooney Aviation Company, James Avery Jewelry, and Schreiner University. The Museum of Western Art (founded 1983) features the work of living artists specializing in the themes of the American West.
PerSay
PerSay was an Israeli start-up company specializing in Voice Biometrics technology. Founded in 2000, its voice biometrics systems are used in the banking, insurance, governments, and telecommunications industries worldwide.

Speaker recognition
Speaker recognition is the identification of a person from characteristics of voices. It is used to answer the question "Who is speaking?" The term voice recognition can refer to speaker recognition or speech recognition. Speaker verification (also called speaker authentication) contrasts with identification, and speaker recognition differs from speaker diarisation (recognizing when the same speaker is speaking).

Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech in systems that have been trained on specific voices or it can be used to authenticate or verify the identity of a speaker as part of a security process. Speaker recognition has a history dating back some four decades as of 2019 and uses the acoustic features of speech that have been found to differ between individuals. These acoustic patterns reflect both anatomy and learned behavioral patterns.
Armenian chant
Armenian chant (Armenian: շարական, sharakan) is the melismatic monophonic chant used in the liturgy of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church.

The Armenian chant, much like the Byzantine chant, is grouped in a system of eight modes called oktoechos.  There is no direct parallel between these modes and those of the western tradition.  However, they bear a notable similarity to the Byzantine scale otherwise known as the double harmonic scale.

Chant
A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.  Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant.  Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the Late Middle Ages, some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).
Corydalis solida
Corydalis solida, fumewort or bird-in-a-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to moist, shady habitats in northern Europe and Asia. Growing to 25 cm (10 in), it is a spring ephemeral, with foliage that appears in spring and dies down to its tuberous rootstock in summer. It is cultivated for its deeply divided, ferny leaves and narrow, long-spurred flowers which appear in spring. The flowers show color variation, and may be mauve, purple, red, or white.

Ephemeral plant
An ephemeral plant is a plant with a very short life cycle or very short period of active growth, often one that grows only during brief periods when conditions are favorable. Several types of ephemeral plants exist. The first, spring ephemeral, refers to plants that emerge quickly in the spring and die back to their underground parts after a short growth and reproduction phase. Desert ephemerals are plants which are adapted to take advantage of the short wet periods in arid climates. Mud-flat ephemerals take advantage of short periods of low water. In areas subjected to recurring human disturbance, such as plowing, weedy ephemerals are very short-lived plants whose entire life cycle takes less than a growing season. In each case, the species has a life cycle timed to exploit a short period when resources are freely available. An evergreen plant could be considered the opposite of an ephemeral plant.
Attitude Adjustment (George Howard album)
Attitude Adjustment is the twelfth studio album by jazz saxophonist George Howard, released in 1996 on GRP Records. The album reached No. 3 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart, No. 5 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart and No. 38 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.

GRP Records
GRP® Records (Grusin-Rosen Productions) is a jazz record label founded by Dave Grusin and Larry Rosen in 1978. Distributed by Verve Records, GRP® was originally known for its digital recordings that focuses on its jazz genre.
Encephalartos brevifoliolatus
Encephalartos brevifoliolatus, the escarpment cycad, is a cycad in the African genus Encephalartos. It is extinct in the wild. The escarpment cycad was found in short grasslands in the very open Protea savanna on the northern Drakensberg escarpment in South Africa's Limpopo Province.

Encephalartos
Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees, bread palms or kaffir bread, since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος (encéphalos), meaning "head", and ἄρτος (ártos), meaning "bread", referring to the use of the pith to make food. They are, in evolutionary terms, some of the most primitive living gymnosperms.

All the species are endangered, some critically, due to their exploitation by collectors and traditional medicine gatherers. The whole genus is listed under CITES Appendix I which prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except for certain non-commercial motives, such as scientific research.
Blowing snow
Blowing snow is snow lifted from the surface by the wind, at eye level (1.8 m or 6 ft) or more, that will reduce visibility. Blowing snow can come from falling snow or snow that already accumulated on the ground but is picked up and blown about by strong winds. It is one of the classic requirements for a blizzard. Its METAR code is BLSN. If the snow remains below 1.8 m (6 ft), it will be called drifting snow (METAR code: DRSN). The snow which is being blown about may deposit as snowdrifts.

Snowdrift
A snowdrift is a deposit of snow sculpted by wind into a mound during a snowstorm. Snowdrifts resemble sand dunes and are formed in a similar manner, namely, by wind moving light snow and depositing it when the wind has virtually stopped, usually against a stationary object. Snow normally crests and slopes off toward the surface on the windward side of a large object. On the leeward side, areas near the object are a bit lower than surrounding areas but are generally flatter.

The impact of snowdrifts on transportation can be more significant than the snowfall itself, such as in the US during the Great Blizzard of 1978. Snowdrifts are usually found at or on roads, as the crest of the roadbed or the furrows along the road create the disruption to the wind needed to shed its carried snow. Snow fences may be employed on the windward side of the road to intentionally create a drift before the snow-laden wind reaches the road.
Crime Life: Gang Wars
Crime Life: Gang Wars is an action video game developed by Hothouse Creations and published by Konami. It was released for Microsoft Windows, 
PlayStation 2 and Xbox. There are various methods of earning money, ranging from mugging to burglary. The soundtrack of the game is mostly provided by UK Hip Hop artists and features one exclusive song by the hip-hop group D12, who also contributed their likenesses and voices for some of the game's key characters.

The game has been cited for combining free-roam elements similar to Grand Theft Auto, and beat 'em ups similar to Final Fight.

During the press release, the developers stated that the game's main objective is for the player to "protect his people from exploitation and abuse and defend his crew from violence and treachery that permeates the society he lives in."

Final Fight
Final Fight is a series of beat 'em up video games by Japanese publisher Capcom, which began with the arcade release of Final Fight in 1989. Set in the fictional Metro City, within the Street Fighter universe, the games focus on a group of heroic vigilantes who fight against the control and various threats of criminal gangs, primarily the Mad Gear Gang. The series has sold 3.2 million units worldwide as of June 30, 2023.
Camellia saluenensis
Camellia saluenensis is a species of Camellia native to south‑central China. A large bush, it is a parent of a number of garden hybrids. 'Cornish Snow' (C. cuspidata × C. saluenensis) which flowers in midwinter, and 'Inspiration' (C. reticulata × C. saluenensis) have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Camellia cuspidata
Camellia cuspidata, also known by the common name cuspidate camellia, is a species in the genus Camellia, in the family Theaceae. It is native to China, specifically the west. It occurs in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Cotagaita Valley
20°49′14″S 65°39′10″W﻿ / ﻿20.820583°S 65.652850°W﻿ / -20.820583; -65.652850

Cotagaita Valley (Spanish: Valle de Cotagaita) is a mesothermal valley in the Bolivian Andes south of the city of Potosí. It is a wine region of Bolivia. The valleys of Cotagaita and Vitichi had together as of 2008 an extimated planted surface of 250 ha of vineyards representing about 10% of the total in Bolivia. To the east the valley connect to the Cinti Valley, another wine-making region with which it forms part of a winemaking macroregion.

Winemaking in Cotagaita Valley faces the challenges of having saline and saline-sodic soils as well as about five days each year of hailing.

The development of winemaking in the valley is thought to be lniked to the demand created by Potosí in the 17th century when it emerged as the largest city in the Americas as result of silver mining in Cerro Rico.

Mesothermal valley
In the Andes a mesothermal valley (Spanish: valle mesotérmico) is a valley characterized by its temperate  or mesothermal climate. The term is typically applied to broad agricultural valleys in Bolivia and the Argentine Northwest. These valleys lies at altitudes above tropical and subtropical lowlands of the Amazon and Paraná basins but below more cold highlands such as the Altiplano and the Puna de Atacama.

Examples of mesothermal valleys are:

Central Valley of Cochabamba (c. 2500 m a.s.l.), Bolivia

Valle de la Concepción (c. 1750 m a.s.l.), Bolivia

Tafí del Valle (c. 2000 m a.s.l.), Argentina

Bolsón de Fiambalá (c. 1500 m a.s.l.) in Abaucán Valley, Argentina
Parandzem
Parandzem (Armenian: Փառանձեմ; died winter 369/70) was the consort of King Arshak II of Armenia. She was a member of the noble house of Siuni. She was regent of Armenia during the absence of her spouse and son in 368–370, and is famous for her defense of the fortress of Artagers against Persia. She was brutally put to death by the Persians after the fall of Artagers in the winter of 369/70. Her son Pap was soon after restored to the throne with Roman assistance.

Nina Garsoïan
Nina G. Garsoïan FBA (April 11, 1923 – August 14, 2022) was a French-born American historian specializing in Armenian and Byzantine history. In 1969 she became the first female historian to get tenure at Columbia University and, subsequently, became the first holder of Gevork M. Avedissian Chair in Armenian History and Civilization at Columbia. From 1977 to 1979, she served as dean of the Graduate School of Princeton University.
Al-Dalhamiyya
Al-Dalhamiyya (Arabic: الدلهمية) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Tiberias Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 15, 1948, under Operation Gideon. It was located 14 km south of Tiberias, on the north bank of the Yarmuk River, on the border between Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan.

Claude Reignier Conder
Claude Reignier Conder (29 December 1848 – 16 February 1910) was a British Army officer, explorer and antiquarian.  He was a great-great-grandson of Louis-François Roubiliac and grandson of editor and author Josiah Conder.
Čadca railway station
Čadca railway station (Slovak: Železničná stanica Čadca) is the main station serving the municipality and district town of Čadca, in the Žilina Region, northern Slovakia. Opened in 1871, the station forms part of the cross border Žilina–Čadca–Svrčinovec zastávka–Mosty u Jablunkova railway, and is also a junction station for two other lines, one of them also cross border.

The station is currently owned by Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR); train services are operated by Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko (ZSSK).

Čadca District
Čadca District (okres Čadca) is a district in
the Žilina Region of northern central Slovakia, in the Kysuce region. It had been established in 1923 and the current borders exist from 1996. Forest covers 58% of the district area. It is one of the populous Slovak district, population density is above Slovak average. Economy basis is performed by engineering, metal and wood processing industry. In the district are several winter and skiing resorts, foremost Oščadnica and Makov. Administrative seat is the town of Čadca, however, many locals daily travel to Žilina for work, shopping, or education.
Rebellion of Ismail Mukh
The rebellion of Ismail Mukh took place between 1346 and 1347 when Deccani Amirs placed Ismail Mukh, also known as Nasir-ud-din Ismail Shah, an Afghan noble, at the head of a rebellion centered at Daulatabad. The rebellion saw the decline and loss of the Delhi Sultanate's control over the Deccan, which had been a part of the Delhi Sultanate since the Khilji dynasty. Ismail Mukh abdicated in favor of Zafar Khan on 3 August 1347, which saw the establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate, which went on to exist until 1518.

Khalji dynasty
The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate for three decades between 1290 and 1320. It was the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate which covered large swaths of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji.
Chattahoochee County, Georgia
Chattahoochee County, also known as Cusseta-Chattahoochee County, is a county located on the western border in central Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,565. The county seat is Cusseta, with which the county shares a consolidated city-county government. The city of Cusseta remains a geographically distinct municipality within Chattahoochee County. The county was created on February 13, 1854. Chattahoochee County is included in the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.
Gözlüce, Kızıltepe
Gözlüce (Kurdish: Heramreş) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 110 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Steered-response power
Steered-response power (SRP) is a family of acoustic source localization algorithms that can be interpreted as a beamforming-based approach that searches for the candidate position or direction that maximizes the output of a steered delay-and-sum beamformer.

Steered-response power with phase transform (SRP-PHAT) is a variant using a "phase transform" to make it more robust in adverse acoustic environments.

Beamforming
Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. Beamforming can be used at both the transmitting and receiving ends in order to achieve spatial selectivity. The improvement compared with omnidirectional reception/transmission is known as the directivity of the array.

Beamforming can be used for radio or sound waves. It has found numerous applications in radar, sonar, seismology, wireless communications, radio astronomy, acoustics and biomedicine. Adaptive beamforming is used to detect and estimate the signal of interest at the output of a sensor array by means of optimal (e.g., least-squares) spatial filtering and interference rejection.
Azamara Quest
Azamara Quest is an R-class cruise ship that entered service for Azamara Cruises on 24 October 2007. She was built in 2000 for Renaissance Cruises as R Seven. Following the collapse of Renaissance Cruises in 2001 she was laid up for two years, until chartered to the Germany-based Delphin Seereisen as Delphin Renaissance.

In 2006 she was sold to the Spain-based Pullmantur Cruises and renamed Blue Moon. She sailed for Pullmantur until 2007 when she was transferred to Azamara Cruises.

The Azamara Quest carries about 710 passengers (double occupancy) plus 410 crew members (1:2 staff to guest ratio). Her first season was in the Caribbean.  Due to her small size, she is able to call at some of the lesser-visited ports such as St. Barts and Guadeloupe.

Sisterships: Azamara Journey, Azamara Pursuit, MS Insignia, MS Sirena, MS Regatta, MS Nautica, Pacific Princess.

MS Insignia
MS Insignia is the lead ship of the R class of cruise ships built for Renaissance Cruises. She is now owned by Oceania Cruises as part of its Regatta class of ships, but recently sailed for Hapag-Lloyd as the Columbus 2. She was built in 1998 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in St. Nazaire, France for Renaissance Cruises as MS R One. On 11 December 2014, three crew members died in a fire that broke out in the engine room when the ship was docked at Saint Lucia.