hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1799 Vendée earthquake
The 1799 Vendée earthquake (French: Séisme de 1799 dans le Marais breton-vendéen) or  Bouin earthquake was a magnitude 6.4 earthquake that struck the Vendée area of western France on 25 January 1799 (6 Pluviôse of year VII in the French Republican calendar) with aftershocks on the following days. Its epicenter was located at a depth of 24 km in the Bay of Bourgneuf at the level of the island of Bouin. Shocks of intensity VII–VIII were felt throughout the west of France.

Loire-Atlantique
Loire-Atlantique (French pronunciation: [lwaʁ atlɑ̃tik] ⓘ; Gallo: Louére-Atantique; Breton: Liger-Atlantel; before 1957: Loire-Inférieure, Breton: Liger-Izelañ) is a department in Pays de la Loire on the west coast of France, named after the river Loire and the Atlantic Ocean. It had a population of 1,429,272 in 2019.
Kirkconnell Correctional Centre
Kirkconnell Correctional Centre, an Australian minimum security prison for males, is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Bathurst, New South Wales.

The Centre is located in the Sunny Corner State Forest and has a fully trained bushfire fighting team comprising both prison staff and inmates.

It was declared a prison under the name "Kirkconnell Afforestation Camp" on 26 November 1958. In September 2011 it was reported that Corrective Services NSW will close the facility in December 2011, as a cost saving measure. All of inmates were relocated to the minimum security wings at Bathurst Correctional Centre and Long Bay. The facility was reopened on 30 July 2015, after a 4 million dollar upgrade.

Bathurst Correctional Centre
Bathurst Correctional Centre, originally built as Bathurst Gaol in 1888, is a prison for men and women located in the city of Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia, and operated by the Department of Communities and Justice. Bathurst holds inmates sentenced under State or Australian criminal law, along with a small number of remand prisoners.

The prison is made up of three sections: a medium-security and remand facility for male inmates, a minimum-security facility for male inmates, and a new maximum-security facility for male inmates, opened in 2020. A small number of female inmates are housed within a separate compound on the grounds of the medium-security area.
Tom Wilber
Tom Wilber is an American journalist and public speaker who specializes in environmental issues. During 25 years with Gannett's USA Today Network, he won multiple individual and team Best of Gannett honors for coverage of issues ranging from catastrophic flooding in upstate New York to impacts of shale gas development in New York and Pennsylvania. His 2012 book, Under the Surface: Fracking, Fortunes and the Fate of the Marcellus Shale (Cornell University Press), was selected as a finalist for the 2013 New York Public Library’s Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence in Journalism. He has taught newspaper journalism at Binghamton University, and holds a master's degree from the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications program at Syracuse University.

Newhouse School of Public Communications
The Newhouse School of Public Communications (formally S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications; also as the Newhouse School) is the communications and journalism school of Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. The school was named after publishing magnate Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr., founder of Advance Publications, who provided the founding gift in 1964.

The school enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduate students, 180 residential master’s degree students, 200 online master's degree students, and 15 doctoral degree candidates as of 2022. Undergraduate admissions are highly selective. The school has about 80 full-time faculty members and about 50 adjunct instructors. Mark J. Lodato has been the dean of the Newhouse School since July 2020.
Molló
Molló (Catalan pronunciation: [muˈʎo], Catalan for "milestone") is a town and municipality in the comarca of Ripollès in Girona, Catalonia, Spain, located in the Pyrenees, by the French border. Molló borders to the north with Prats de Molló (in Vallespir, France, connected by the Coll d'Ares pass of the Pyrenees), to the east and south with Camprodon, and to the west with Llanars and Setcases.

Llanars
Llanars (Catalan pronunciation: [ʎəˈnas]) is a municipality in the Pyrenean comarca of Ripollès in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The parish church is a Romanesque church: Sant Esteve de Llanars.

The village name is documented from the 1068, with the Llenars form.
Tsakonian Greek
Tsakonian or Tsaconian (also Tzakonian or Tsakonic, Greek: τσακωνικά, η τσακωνική διάλεκτος and Tsakonian: τσακώνικα, α τσακώνικα γρούσσα) is a highly divergent modern variety of Greek, spoken in the Tsakonian region of the Peloponnese, Greece. Unlike all other extant varieties of Greek, Tsakonian derives from Doric Greek rather than from the Attic–Ionic branch. Although it is conventionally treated as a dialect of Greek, some compendia treat it as a separate language.
Tsakonian is critically endangered, with only a few hundred or a few thousand, mostly elderly, fluent speakers left. Although Tsakonian and standard Modern Greek are related, they are not mutually intelligible.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
Moel Ysgyfarnogod
Moel Ysgyfarnogod (Welsh for 'Bare hill of the hares') is a mountain in Snowdonia, North Wales and is the northernmost of the Rhinogydd. Rhinog Fawr lies directly south.

It overlooks Llyn Trawsfynydd, and from the summit it is possible to see the towns of Porthmadog and Blaenau Ffestiniog. It may be climbed from Trawsfynydd in the east, or from Talsarnau in the west.

To the north-west of the summit, on an area of moorland and rocky outcrops, lies Bryn Cader Faner, an ancient stone circle. It is one of the finest examples of a Bronze Age cairn in Britain, and has rocky standing stones along its circumference.

Llyn Trawsfynydd
Llyn Trawsfynydd is a large artificial reservoir situated near the village of Trawsfynydd in Gwynedd, North Wales. With a total surface area of 4.8 km2 (1,200 acres) the reservoir is slightly more extensive than Wales's largest natural lake, Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake) at 4.5 km2 (1,100 acres).
HNLMS O 23
O 23 was a O 21-class submarine built for the Royal Netherlands Navy during the 1930s for European service. Completed in 1940, she sank several ships during World War II in the Mediterranean and in the Indian Ocean.

O 21-class submarine
The O 21 class was a class of seven submarines, built for the Royal Netherlands Navy. The boats were still incomplete at the start of the German invasion of the Netherlands, O 21, O 22, O 23 and O 24 were hastily launched and escaped to the United Kingdom. O 25, O 26 and O 27 were not able to escape and were captured by the German forces. The Kriegsmarine ordered the completion of the boats and they entered German service as UD-3, UD-4 and UD-5. The submarines' diving depth was 100 meters (330 ft).

At the start of the Second World War the O 21 class was together with the British U, S and T classes and German Type VII one of the most advanced submarine classes in service.
Konstanz (electoral district)
Konstanz is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 287. It is located in southern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the district of Konstanz.

Konstanz was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2005, it has been represented by Andreas Jung of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Konstanz (district)
Konstanz (or Constance) is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg on the German-Swiss border, situated along the shores of Lake Constance. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Schwarzwald-Baar, Tuttlingen, Sigmaringen and Bodenseekreis. To the south it borders the Swiss cantons of Zurich, Thurgau and Schaffhausen. The municipality of Büsingen am Hochrhein is an exclave of Germany surrounded by Swiss territory.
Border Angels
Border Angels (also known as Angeles De La Frontera) is a San Diego–based 501(c)(3) tax-exempt nonprofit charitable organization that is focused on migrant rights, immigration reform, and the prevention of immigrant deaths along the border.  Border Angels, along with its more than 2000 volunteers serves San Diego County's immigrant population through various migrant outreach programs such as day laborer outreach and legal assistance, and provides life-saving assistance for migrants by placing bottled water in remote mountain and desert border regions of the San Diego and Imperial counties, California.

Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005
The Border Protection, Anti-terrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 (H.R. 4437) was a bill in the 109th United States Congress. It was passed by the United States House of Representatives on December 16, 2005, by a vote of 239 to 182 (with 92% of Republicans supporting, 82% of Democrats opposing), but did not pass the Senate. It was also known as the "Sensenbrenner Bill," for its sponsor in the House of Representatives, Wisconsin Republican Jim Sensenbrenner.  The bill was the catalyst for the 2006 U.S. immigration reform protests and was the first piece of legislation passed by a house of Congress in the United States illegal immigration debate. Development and the effect of the bill was featured in "The Senate Speaks", Story 11 in How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories a documentary series from filmmaking team Shari Robertson and Michael Camerini.
2025 Milwaukee area floods
On August 9–10, 2025, severe flash floods impacted the U.S. city of Milwaukee and its surrounding areas. The suburb of Wauwatosa was particularly affected. The floods were the result of an unusual weather system that dropped record-setting rain into the area; it was the second-most recorded rain Milwaukee had ever seen over a two-day period. At least two people drowned when the Kinnickinnic River was flooding, and major property damages were reported around the region. The Wisconsin State Fair canceled its final day after significant flooding. Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers declared a state of emergency to assist in cleanup efforts, and US President Donald Trump's administration granted one of two requests for disaster relief funds.

Root River (Wisconsin)
The Root River is a 43.7-mile-long (70.3 km) river that flows to Lake Michigan at the city of Racine in southeastern Wisconsin in the United States.  Racine and Racine County are named for the river, as racine is the French word for root.
Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition
In May 1792, American merchant sea captain Robert Gray sailed into the Columbia River, becoming the first recorded American to navigate into it. The voyage, conducted on the privately owned Columbia Rediviva, was eventually used as a basis for the United States' claim on the Pacific Northwest, although its relevance to the claim was disputed by the British.  As a result of the outcome the river was afterwards named after the ship. Gray spent nine days on the river trading fur pelts before sailing out of the river.

Cape Disappointment (Washington)
Cape Disappointment is a headland of the Pacific Northwest, located at the extreme southwestern corner of Washington, United States, on the north side of the Columbia River bar (across from Oregon) and just west of Baker Bay. The point of the cape is located on the Pacific Ocean in Washington's Pacific County, approximately two miles (3.2 km) southwest of the town of Ilwaco. Cape Disappointment sees about 2,552 hours of fog a year, which is the equivalent of about 106 days—making it one of the foggiest places in the United States.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1950
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1950, adopted unanimously on November 23, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Somalia, including resolutions 1814 (2008), 1816 (2008), 1838 (2008), 1844 (2008), 1846 (2008), 1851 (2008), 1897 (2009) and 1918 (2010); the Council re-authorised states to intervene in acts of piracy by Somali pirates at sea for a further period of twelve months.

The Transitional Federal Government in Somalia had made several requests for assistance to counter piracy off its coast.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1814
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1814 was unanimously adopted on 15 May 2008.  The resolution called for the United Nations to provide economic, political and technical support to Somalia, with a possible UN peacekeeping force.
Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse
Raymond Pons (Regimundus Pontio; died after 944), who may be numbered Raymond III or Pons I, was the count of Toulouse from 924.

In 932, Raymond Pons travelled north with his uncle Count Ermengol of Rouergue and Duke Sancho IV Garcés of Gascony to do homage to King Rudolph.

In 936, Raymond Pons founded the monastery of Chanteuges. Between 940 and 941, he controlled Auvergne. In 944, when Hugh the Great and King Louis IV entered Aquitaine, the former met Raymond at Nevers and confirmed his titles while the Toulousain returned with the king to the royal court.

Raymond Pons married a daughter of Duke García II of Gascony, who was either the same person as his known wife Gersenda or a distinct earlier wife. His successor was another Raymond, probably his son.

Hugh the Great
Hugh the Great (c. 898 – 16 June 956) was the duke of the Franks and count of Paris. He was the most powerful magnate in France. Son of King Robert I of France, Hugh was Margrave of Neustria. He played an active role in bringing King Louis IV of France back from England in 936. Seeking an alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great, he married Otto's younger sister Hedwig of Saxony in 937. They were the parents of Hugh Capet. Hedwig's sister, Gerberga of Saxony, was Louis' wife. Although he often fought against Louis, he supported the accession of Louis and Gerberga's son, Lothair of France.
Gloria in excelsis Deo, BWV 191
Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory to God in the Highest), BWV 191, is a church cantata written by the German Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach, and the only one of his church cantatas set to a Latin text. He composed the Christmas cantata in Leipzig probably in 1742, for a celebration by the university of Leipzig. The composition's three movements all derive from the Gloria of Bach's 1733 Kyrie–Gloria Mass, which the composer would later use as the Gloria of his Mass in B minor.

John Eliot Gardiner
Sir John Eliot Gardiner (born 20 April 1943) is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage of 2000, performing Bach's church cantatas in liturgical order in churches all over Europe, and New York City, with the Monteverdi Choir, and recording them at the locations.
Bø, Midt-Telemark
Bø or Bø i Telemark is the administrative centre of Midt-Telemark Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located along the river Bøelva, about half-way between the large lakes Seljordsvatnet and Norsjø. It is located about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of the village of Folkestad, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the village of Gvarv, and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the village of Bjervamoen. The small village of Nordbøåsane lies about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of the village.

The 3.51-square-kilometre (870-acre) village has a population (2022) of 3,609 and a population density of 1,027 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,660/sq mi).

The Norwegian National Road 36 and the Sørlandsbanen railway line both pass through the village. Both the Bø Church and the Old Bø Church are located in the village.

Norsjø
Norsjø is a lake in the municipalities of Skien, Nome, and Midt-Telemark in Telemark county, Norway. The 58-square-kilometre (22 sq mi) lake sits at an elevation of 15 m (49 ft) above sea level.

Norsjø is part of the Telemark Canal. Most rivers in Telemark flow into the lake Norsjø including the rivers Bøelva, Sauarelva, and Eidselva. The lake then drains through the Farelva river which flows into the Skien river. Norsjø is a source of drinking water for Skien Municipality.
1991 Punjab killings
30°52′59″N 75°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿30.883°N 75.85°E﻿ / 30.883; 75.85

The 1991 Punjab killings were a series of train massacres that occurred on 15 June 1991 and 26 December 1991 in the Ludhiana district of the Indian State of Punjab. Allegedly Khalistani militants killed 125 Punjabi Hindu passengers in these incidents.

Ludhiana district
Ludhiana district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of Punjab. It is Punjab's largest district by both area and population. Ludhiana, the largest city in Punjab, is the district headquarters.

The main industries are bicycle parts and hosiery. Ludhiana is a hub of ladies footwear manufacturing, with around 10,000 small-scale units. The district is made up of seven tehsils, seven sub-tehsils and twelve development blocks.

Ludhiana district has the highest HDI in Punjab at 0.761 (2004 UNDP).
Mimosa Jallow
Mimosa Jallow (born 17 June 1994) is a Finnish swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Jallow was born to a Gambian father and a Finnish mother in Jyväskylä.

Finnish Olympic Committee
The Finnish Olympic Committee (Finnish: Suomen Olympiakomitea ry; Swedish: Finlands Olympiska Kommitté rf; IOC Code: FIN) is the national Olympic committee in Finland for the Olympic Games movement. It is a non-profit organisation that selects teams, and raises funds to send Finnish competitors to Olympic events organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

The schools, colleges, universities and other establishments in the programme are organised into local clusters. For example:

The Sotkamo High School works in collaboration with several other schools, colleges and universities as part of the Vuokatti-Ruka Sports Academy.

The Joensuu Sports Academy is a co-operation network of schools, colleges and universities.

The Urhea Metropolitan Sports Academy is based in Helsinki and includes the National Olympic Training Centre.

Others include the Kuortane High School and Sports Academy and the Pajulahti Sports Institute.
Polish Financial Supervision Authority
The Polish Financial Supervision Authority, in Polish Urząd Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego (UKNF) is the main financial supervisory authority for Poland. UKNF was established in 2019 as a separate legal person under public law. It hosts the Financial Supervisory Commission or KNF (Polish: Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego}), established in 2006 by merger of several pre-existing specialized authorities. The chair of the KNF is simultaneously the head of UKNF.: 215  The UKNF's responsibilities include oversight of banking, capital markets, insurance, pension scheme and electronic money institutions.

Under European Union policy frameworks, UKNF is a voting member of the respective Boards of Supervisors of the European Banking Authority (EBA), European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European Systemic Risk Board
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is a group established on 16 December 2010 in response to the euro area crisis. It is tasked with the macro-prudential oversight of the financial system within the European Union in order to contribute to the prevention or mitigation of systemic risks to financial stability in the EU. It shall contribute to the smooth functioning of the internal market and thereby ensure a sustainable contribution of the financial sector to economic growth.

The ESRB is a macro-prudential oversight body of the EU and it is part of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), the purpose of which is to ensure the supervision of the EU's financial system. As a body lacking juridical personality, the ESRB relies on hosting and support by the European Central Bank. It includes representatives from the ECB, national central banks and supervisory authorities of EU member states, and the European Commission.
Abell 68
Abell 68 is massive and rich galaxy cluster located in the constellation of Pisces with a projected co-moving distance of approximately 1124.6 Mpc or 3.668 billion light-years away from Earth. The cluster is especially notable for its gravitational lensing and was first discovered by George O. Abell in 1958.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.
Unión Cívica Democrática
Unión Cívica Democrática (UCD, English: Civic Democratic Union) is a network of forty Honduran activist organizations, which took an active part during the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis, promoting several demonstrations against the former ousted president Manuel Zelaya.

Constitution of Honduras
The Political Constitution of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Constitución Política de la República de Honduras) was approved on 11 January 1982, published on 20 January 1982, amended by the National Congress of Honduras 26 times from 1984 to 2005, and 10 interpretations by Congress were made from 1982 to 2005. It is Honduras' twelfth constitution since independence in 1838. Previous charters were adopted in 1839, 1848, 1865, 1873, 1880, 1894, 1906, 1924, 1936, 1957 and 1965.

The Constitution of Honduras gained notoriety because of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis that removed President Manuel Zelaya and saw Roberto Micheletti take his place. In 2009, Óscar Arias, then President of Costa Rica, who had been asked by the US State Department to help arbitrate the crisis, termed the Honduran constitution the "worst in the entire world" and an "invitation to coups."
1955 NCAA skiing championships
The 1955 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested in Northfield, Vermont at the second annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Denver, coached by Willy Schaeffler, repeated as national champions, topping Dartmouth in the team standings.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.