hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative journalism
Collaborative journalism is a growing practice in the field of journalism. One definition is "a cooperative arrangement (formal or informal) between two or more news and information organizations, which aims to supplement each organization's resources and maximize the impact of the content produced." It is practiced by both professional and amateur reporters. It is not to be confused with citizen journalism.

Amateur journalism
Amateur journalism is a hobby for publishing and printing small newspapers or journals established after the U.S. Civil War, using small and inexpensive printing presses. Local circulation and exchanges, sometimes among associations were done. Conventions were also held. The hobby waxed and waned in the early 20th century, achieving a literary peak under the influence of H. P. Lovecraft and W. Paul Cook in the 1915-1925 period. The 1930s brought a redevelopment of interest with a mix of fine printing with quality material and crude leaflets from small hand-presses and mimeographs.
Membership in associations has diminished to the hundreds in the United States and Canada and many are elderly as safety rules for motorized presses and hand-setting type have become lost arts. Citizen journalism and blogging have come with the advent of the internet, however.

Retired Tampa Tribune reporter Leland Hawes is an aficionado.
Ed McCarthy
Edward McCarthy (born 20 April 2001) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for League of Ireland Premier Division club Galway United.

McCarthy was born in Limerick and played youth football with Regional United and Cork City before starting his professional career with Treaty United.

2023 League of Ireland First Division
The 2023 League of Ireland First Division season was the 39th season of the League of Ireland First Division, the second tier of the Republic of Ireland's association football league.

The winners (Galway United) were promoted to the 2024 League of Ireland Premier Division. The runners-up (Waterford) were also promoted after winning the League of Ireland Premier Division play-off.
Middlefork Savanna
Middlefork Savanna is a of 687 acres (278 ha) nature preserve in Lake Forest, Illinois. Several biomes including oak savannas, dry-mesic prairies, wet-mesic prairies, marshes, deciduous woodlands, and sedge meadows as well as a portion of the North Branch of the Chicago River are found in the preserve. The Middlefork Savanna also contains 25 acres (10 ha) of the “highest quality tallgrass savanna of its kind” in the United States. Such ecosystems are globally endangered. The preserve includes 5.5 miles of gravel trails for hiking and cross-country skiing as well as 4.2 miles of trails for biking. It is managed by Lake County Forest Preserves.

Lake Forest, Illinois
Lake Forest is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 19,367 at the 2020 census. The city is along the shore of Lake Michigan, and is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the North Shore. Lake Forest was founded with Lake Forest College and was laid out as a town in 1857, a stop for travelers making their way south to Chicago. The Lake Forest City Hall, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, was completed in 1898. It originally housed the fire department, the Lake Forest Library, and city offices.
County of Rochedale
The County of Rochedale is a county (a cadastral division) in Queensland, Australia.  The county is divided into civil  parishes. It is centred on the city of Mount Isa, its only population centre. On 7 March 1901, the Governor issued a proclamation legally dividing Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897. Its schedule described Rochedale thus:

Bounded on the north by the county of Brahe and parts of the west and south of Glenvale No. 2 Block to the Leichhardt River, by that river upwards to the north-west corner of Parkside No. 1, by the north, east and south boundaries of that block, part of the south and east boundaries of Parkside No. 2, part of the north, the east, and south boundaries of Parkside No. 5, and the east boundary of Parkside No. 8 Block; on the south by the counties of Chapworth, Waverley and Piturie; and on the west by the county of Nash.

Lands administrative divisions of Queensland
Lands administrative divisions of Queensland refers to the divisions of Queensland used for the registration of land titles. There are 322 counties, and 5,319 parishes within the state. They are part of the Lands administrative divisions of Australia. Queensland had been divided into 109 counties in the nineteenth century, before the Land Act of 1897 subdivided many of these counties to 319. Some of the eastern counties remained the same, with most of the subdivisions occurring in the west and north. The current counties were named and bounded by the Governor in Council on 7 March 1901.

In 2006, the government sought advice about a plan to abolish the counties and parishes within the state. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.
Waldemar Fornalik
Waldemar Fornalik (born 11 April 1963) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who is currently the manager of I liga club Ruch Chorzów. A one-club man, he spent his entire playing career with Ruch. From July 2012 to October 2013, he managed the Poland national team.

2011–12 Ekstraklasa
The 2011–12 Ekstraklasa (also known as T-Mobile Ekstraklasa due to its sponsorship by T-Mobile Polska) was the 78th season of the highest level of football leagues in Poland since its establishment in 1927. It started on 29 July 2011 and concluded on 6 May 2012. A total of 16 teams participated, 14 of which competed in the league during the 2010–11 season, while the remaining two were promoted from the 2010–11 season of the I Liga. Each team played a total of 30 matches, half at home and half away.

Śląsk Wrocław won the title, which marked their 2nd title in Ekstraklasa history.

The defending champions were Wisła Kraków, who won their 13th Polish championship in the previous season.
Mailpile
Mailpile is a free and open-source email client with the main focus of privacy and usability. It is a webmail client, albeit one run from the user's computer, as a downloaded program launched as a local website.

Webmail
Webmail (or web-based email) is an email service that can be accessed using a standard web browser. It contrasts with email service accessible through a specialised email client software. Additionally, many internet service providers (ISP) provide webmail as part of their internet service package. Similarly, some web hosting providers also provide webmail as a part of their hosting package.

As with any web application, webmail's main advantage over the use of a desktop email client is the ability to send and receive email anywhere from a web browser.
Point Sur State Historic Park
Point Sur State Historic Park is a California State Park on the Big Sur coastline of Monterey County, California, United States, 19 miles (31 km) south of Rio Road in Carmel. The 1889 Point Sur Lighthouse is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rancho El Sur
Rancho El Sur  was a  8,949.06-acre (36.22 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Monterey County, California, on the Big Sur coast given in 1834 by Governor José Figueroa to Juan Bautista Alvarado. The grant extended from the mouth of Little Sur River inland about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) over the coastal mountains and south along the coast past the mouth of the Big Sur River to Cooper's Point. In about 1892, the rancho land plus an additional 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) of resale homestead land was divided into two major parcels. The southern 4,800 acres (1,900 ha) became the Molera Ranch, later the foundation of Andrew Molera State Park. The northern 7,100 acres (2,900 ha) form the present-day El Sur Ranch.
Tama, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Tama [ˈtama] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruda Maleniecka, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Ruda Maleniecka, 17 km (11 mi) west of Końskie, and 46 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Ruda Maleniecka
Ruda Maleniecka [ˈruda malɛˈɲɛt͡ska] is a village in Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ruda Maleniecka. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Końskie and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Jenrry Mejía
Jenrry Manuel Mejía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxenri meˈxi.a]; born October 11, 1989) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets.

Mejía signed with the Mets as an international free agent on April 4, 2007. He made his MLB debut in 2010 and was named the Mets' closer in May 2014. Mejía was suspended for the first 80 games of the 2015 season after testing positive for performance-enhancing drugs (PED). He received his second suspension in July 2015 after a second failed test. He tested positive for a third time, which was reported in February 2016, resulting in his permanent suspension from MLB. He was the first player to receive a permanent suspension due to violating MLB's drug policy three times. Mejía later submitted an application for reinstatement, as allowed under MLB's drug policy, which was granted by Commissioner Rob Manfred in July 2018.

Binghamton Rumble Ponies
The Binghamton Rumble Ponies are an American Minor League Baseball team based in Binghamton, New York. The team, which plays in the Eastern League, is the Double-A affiliate of the New York Mets major-league club. The Rumble Ponies play in Mirabito Stadium, located in Binghamton.
Raikat
The Raikut family was a princely family that controlled large estates in Jalpaiguri what is now West Bengal, India, first as subjects to the state of Koch Bihar, later as Zamindars to the Mughal rulers of Bengal, and then to British Raj. Their story parallels that of the Bardhaman Raj, from the same region.

Bhutia
The Bhutias (exonym; Nepali: भुटिया, 'People from Tibet') or Drejongpas (endonym; Tibetan: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་པ་, Wylie: Bras-ljongs-pa, THL: dre-jong pa, 'People of the Rice Valley') are a Tibetan ethnic group native to the Indian state of Sikkim who speak Drejongke, a Tibetic language which descends from Old Tibetan. The majority of Bhutias live in Sikkim, while a significant number also reside in the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of northern West Bengal and in countries such as Nepal and Bhutan.
Ralph M. Gambone
Ralph M. Gambone is a former United States Navy officer. He served as Leader/Officer in Charge of the U.S. Navy Band from August 13, 1998 to March 2007.  Prior to that, he served as Director of the U.S. Naval Academy Band in Annapolis, Maryland.

Towson University
Towson University (TU or Towson) is a public university in Towson, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1866 as Maryland's first training school for teachers, Towson University is a part of the University System of Maryland. Since its founding, the university has evolved into eight subsidiary colleges with over 20,000 students. Its 329-acre campus is situated in Baltimore County, Maryland, eight miles north of downtown Baltimore. Towson is one of the largest public universities in Maryland and produces the most teachers of any university in the state.
Racism in sport in Australia
Racism in sport in Australia has a long history, with instances dating back to the 19th century. Since the 1990s, numerous cases of racial vilification have been reported, leading to sport organizations to address the issue through various measures.

Australian Athletics
Australian Athletics is the national sporting organisation (NSO) recognised by Australian Sports Commission for the sport of athletics in Australia. Founded in 1897, the organisation is responsible for administering a sport with over 16,000 registered athletes, coaches and officials.
House at 663 La Paz Street
663 La Paz is a historic Mission Revival house designed by famed Puerto Rican architect Pedro Adolfo de Castro located in Miramar, a historic residential area of Santurce in the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The house is one of various private residences in Miramar designed by Pedro Adolfo de Castro that, along with structures such as Castillo Serrallés, were instrumental in ushering the Mission Revival architectural style in Puerto Rico. It was built in 1935, a year before the death of de Castro.

Castillo Serrallés
Castillo Serrallés (English: Serralles Castle) is a mansion located in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico, overlooking the downtown area (Ponce Pueblo). It was built during the 1930s for Juan Eugenio Serrallés, son of businessman Juan Serrallés, founder of Destilería Serrallés. The structure sits on a 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) exceedingly manicured property. Nowadays, the structure functions as a museum, Museo Castillo Serrallés, with information about the sugar cane and rum industries and its impact in the economy of Puerto Rico. It is also increasingly used as a venue for social activities, including destination weddings. The property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2001. In 1996, the structure was featured in the American TV series America's Castles.
2015–16 FC Krasnodar season
The 2015–16 FC Krasnodar season was the 5th successive season that the club played in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia. Krasnodar also took part in the Russian Cup and the Europa League, entering at the Third qualifying round.

2015–16 UEFA Europa League
The 2015–16 UEFA Europa League was the 45th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League.

The final was played between Liverpool and Sevilla at the St. Jakob-Park in Basel, Switzerland, and won by Sevilla, their fifth title (extending their own record) and third win in a row (also a tournament record).

Sevilla initially started the 2015–16 European club season in the Champions League as the Europa League title holders, but qualified for the Europa League by finishing third in the Champions League group stage, and successfully defended their title. As the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, they qualified for the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid, in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup.
2015 World Cup of Softball
The tenth World Cup of Softball was held between June 29-July 5, 2015 in Irvine, California. The competing national teams were the United States, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, United States Junior Team, Puerto Rico and Venezuela.

USA Softball International Cup
The USA Softball International Cup previously known as the World Cup of Softball, was an annual women's softball tournament.  The first eight World Cups were held at the ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The competition is governed by USA Softball, which is also headquartered in Oklahoma City. The name was changed in 2018 due to WBSC Event Name Regulations.
Acraga perbrunnea
Acraga perbrunnea is a moth of the family Dalceridae. It is found in Colombia and Peru. The habitat consists of tropical lower montane moist (maybe also dry) and tropical premontane (or lower montane) wet forests.

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
Arginine—pyruvate transaminase
In enzymology, an arginine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-arginine + pyruvate  5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-arginine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate and L-alanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-arginine:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include arginine:pyruvate transaminase, and AruH.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
Α-D2PV
α-D2PV  (DPPE) is a substituted cathinone derivative which has been sold as a designer drug. It was invented in the 1950s, and first identified by forensic laboratories as a designer drug in 2020, though anecdotal reports suggest it may have emerged earlier than this. It is similar in structure to the potent designer stimulant drug alpha-PVP but with the propyl side chain replaced by a phenyl ring, and while it is less potent than alpha-PVP itself, Alpha-D2PV is still a reasonably potent stimulant and has been known to cause poisoning when misrepresented as less potent drugs such as MDMA. While it is also similar in structure to the dissociative drug diphenidine, Alpha-D2PV appears to produce only stimulant effects.

In terms of the synthesis, it is made in a one-step Voight reaction between benzoin and pyrrolidine.

Diphenidine
Diphenidine (1,2-DEP, DPD, DND) is a dissociative anesthetic that has been sold as a designer drug.
Diphenidine was first synthesized in 1924 using a Bruylants reaction similar to the one later employed in the discovery of phencyclidine in 1956. Following the 2013 UK ban on arylcyclohexylamines, diphenidine and the related compound methoxphenidine emerged on the grey market. Anecdotal reports indicate that high doses of diphenidine can produce "bizarre somatosensory phenomena and transient anterograde amnesia."
Jack Wood (referee)
John Bertram Wood, better known as Jack Wood (20 October 1872 – 10 October 1921), was an English footballer and referee. He is best known for being the fundamental head behind the foundation of French club White Rovers in 1891, one of the first football clubs in Paris, and then serving the club as its captain in the mid-1890s. He then became a referee and officiated at the football tournament of the 1900 Summer Olympics, in which he oversaw a match between the representative sides of France and Belgium. He also refereed a match between the official sides of those two nations on 22 April 1906.

His brother Sid also played for White Rovers.

1894 USFSA Football Championship
The 1894 USFSA Football Championship was the 1st staging of the USFSA Football Championship. This was the very first recognized football championship to be played in France. The tournament was held on the road between 15 April and 6 May 1894.

The first competition featured just four Paris teams and was organized on a knockout basis with Standard Athletic Club becoming the French champions after beating The White Rovers 2–2 and 2–0 in the replay of the final.
Silicon on insulator
In semiconductor manufacturing, silicon on insulator (SOI) technology is fabrication of silicon semiconductor devices in a layered silicon–insulator–silicon substrate, to reduce parasitic capacitance within the device, thereby improving performance. SOI-based devices differ from conventional silicon-built devices in that the silicon junction is above an electrical insulator, typically silicon dioxide or sapphire (these types of devices are called silicon on sapphire, or SOS). The choice of insulator depends largely on intended application, with sapphire being used for high-performance radio frequency (RF) and radiation-sensitive applications, and silicon dioxide for diminished short-channel effects in other microelectronics devices. The insulating layer and topmost silicon layer also vary widely with application.

Wafer bonding
Wafer bonding is a packaging technology on wafer-level for the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), microelectronics and optoelectronics, ensuring a mechanically stable and hermetically sealed encapsulation. The wafers' diameter range from 100 mm to 200 mm (4 inch to 8 inch) for MEMS/NEMS and up to 300 mm (12 inch) for the production of microelectronic devices. Smaller wafers were used in the early days of the microelectronics industry, with wafers being just 1 inch in diameter in the 1950s.
Isoaminile
Isoaminile is an antitussive (cough suppressant) used under the trade-name Peracon.

The normal therapeutic dose is 40–80 mg of the cyclamate salt, with a maximum of five doses in a 24-hour period. In addition to its central antitussive effects, it is also an anticholinergic, exhibiting both antimuscarinic and antinicotinic actions.

Cold medicine
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal.

While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm.
Archer, Northern Territory
Archer is a relatively new and still sparsely populated suburb in the southwestern part of Palmerston. It is 25 km SE of the Darwin CBD and 5.4 km from Palmerston City. It is on the traditional Country and waterways of the Larrakia people. Its local government area is the City of Palmerston. Archer is the largest suburb of Palmerston by area.

The suburb was named after James C. Archer, former Administrator of the Northern Territory.

Palmerston City, Northern Territory
Palmerston City is an inner suburb of Palmerston, Northern Territory, Australia, located within the City of Palmerston. It is on the traditional Country and waterways of the Larrakia people. Its postcode is 0830. It contains the Palmerston Shopping Centre, the City of Palmerston council offices, Frances Mira Mall, a sporting complex, a library and bus terminal. Its main core is bounded by University Avenue to the northwest, Chung Wah Terrace to the southwest, Rolyat Street and Temple Terrace to the southeast and Roystonea Avenue to the northeast. Every Friday night during dry season it host the Palmerston markets. The Palmerston markets is a large festive market which includes live music, swap stalls and food vendors.