hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrondissements of the Aude department
The 3 arrondissements of the Aude department are:

Arrondissement of Carcassonne, (prefecture of the Aude department: Carcassonne) with 186 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 163,034 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Limoux, (subprefecture: Limoux) with 138 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 42,296 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Narbonne, (subprefecture: Narbonne) with 109 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 170,698 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Narbonne
The arrondissement of Narbonne is an arrondissement of France in the Aude department in the Occitanie région. Its INSEE code is 113 and its capital city is Narbonne. It has 109 communes. Its population is 170,698 (2021), and its area is 2,101.9 km2 (811.5 sq mi).

It is the easternmost of the arrondissements of the department. The main cities, with more than 5,000 inhabitants in 2012, in the arrondissement are Narbonne (51,869 inhabitants), Lézignan-Corbières (10,883 inhabitants), Coursan (6,056 inhabitants), Port-la-Nouvelle (5,653 inhabitants) and Sigean (5,476 inhabitants).
Migdal Oz
Migdal Oz (Hebrew: מִגְדַּל עֹז, lit. Tower of Strength) is an Israeli settlement and income-sharing community kibbutz in the West Bank. Located in the historic Etzion bloc 7.4 km from the Green Line and west of the Israeli West Bank barrier, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. It neighbors the communities of Kfar Etzion, Alon Shevut, Elazar and Efrat. In 2023 it had a population of 575.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Gush Etzion Regional Council
The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית גוש עציון, Mo'atza Azorit Gush Etzion) is a regional council in the northern Judean Hills, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. The headquarters are located adjacent to Alon Shvut.

The current mayor of the Council is Yaron Rosenthal, elected in 2024.

In August 2021, Rabbi Yosef Zvi Rimon was elected Chief Rabbi of the Gush Etzion Regional Council.
Luxembourg in World War II
The involvement of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in World War II began with its invasion by German forces on 10 May 1940 and lasted beyond its liberation by Allied forces in late 1944 and early 1945.

Luxembourg was placed under occupation in 1940 and was annexed into Germany in 1942. During the occupation, the German authorities orchestrated a programme of "Germanisation" of the country, suppressing non-German languages and customs and conscripting Luxembourgers into the Wehrmacht, which led to extensive resistance, culminating in a general strike in August 1942 against conscription. The Germanisation was facilitated by a collaborationist political group, the Volksdeutsche Bewegung, founded shortly after the occupation. Shortly before the surrender, the government had fled the country along with Grand Duchess Charlotte, eventually arriving in London, where a Government-in-exile was formed. Luxembourgish soldiers also fought in Allied units until liberation.

Schuster Line
The Schuster Line (Luxembourgish: Schuster-Linn, German: Schusterlinie) was a line of barriers and barricades erected by the Luxembourg government along its borders with Germany and France shortly before World War II. The line was named after Joseph Schuster, Luxembourg's chief engineer of bridges and highways, who was responsible for its construction.

The Schuster Line consisted of 41 sets of concrete blocks and iron gates, 18 bridgeblocks on the German border and five roadblocks on the French border. The roadblocks were set up a mile inland in a zigzag pattern, covered by barbed wire entanglements on either side. Nine radio outposts were erected along the German border, with a central receiving station in the St Espirit barracks in the capital.

The line failed to significantly slow the German advance during the invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940. The iron gates were knocked down and ramps were built over the concrete blockades to drive over them; some were blown up.
Socialism in Tunisia
Socialism in Tunisia or Tunisian socialism is a political philosophy that is shared by various political parties of the country. It has played a role in the country's history from the time of the Tunisian independence movement against France up through the Tunisian Revolution to the present day.

Mustapha Ben Jafar
Mustapha Ben Jafar (Arabic: مصطفى بن جعفر) (born 8 December 1940) is a Tunisian politician and medical doctor who was Speaker of the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia from November 2011 to December 2014. He founded and has led the Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (FDTL), a political party, since 1994.
Bhojeshwar Temple
The Bhojeshwar Temple (IAST: Bhojeśvara) is an incomplete Hindu temple in Bhojpur village of Madhya Pradesh, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it houses a 7.5-foot (2.3 m) high lingam in its sanctum.

The temple's construction is believed to have started in the 11th century, during the reign of the Paramara king Bhoja. The construction was abandoned for unknown reasons, with the architectural plans engraved on the surrounding rocks. The unfinished materials abandoned at the site, the architectural drawings carved on the rocks, and the mason's marks have helped scholars understand the temple construction techniques of 11th-century India. The temple has been designated as a Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Gana
The word gaṇa (Sanskrit: गण Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɡɐ.ɳɐ́]) in Sanskrit and Pali means "flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, category, series, or clan". It can also be used to refer to a "body of attendants" and can refer to "a company, any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims". The word "gana" can also refer to councils or assemblies convened to discuss matters of religion or other topics.

In Hinduism, the Gaṇas are attendants of Shiva and live on Mount Kailash. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva; the deity's title is gaṇeśa or gaṇapati, meaning, "lord or leader of the ganas". They are referred to as Shivaganas or Rudraganas and Rudraganikas are considered the female equivalents.
Eberlanzia (plant)
Eberlanzia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its native range is Namibia and the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

The genus name of Eberlanzia is in honour of Friedrich Eberlanz, amateur naturalist of Lüderitz Bay in Namibia, and it was published and described in Z. Sukkulentenk Vol.2 on page 189 in 1926.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Pine Ridge, Indiana
Pine Ridge is an unincorporated community in Fayette Township, Vigo County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area.

The Pine Ridge Mine Pond reservoir is located in Pine Ridge.

Terre Haute metropolitan area
The Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Wabash Valley, is the 227th largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States.   Centering on the city of Terre Haute, Indiana, it was originally formed by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted of Vigo County. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Vigo County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. Four Indiana counties are now a part of this MSA.
Aminophylline
Aminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate.

Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of airway obstruction from asthma or COPD. Aminophylline is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of  adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.
Catterick, North Yorkshire
Catterick (/ˈkætərɪk/) is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) north-west of the county town of Northallerton just to the west of the River Swale. It lends its name to nearby Catterick Garrison and the nearby hamlet of Catterick Bridge, the home of Catterick Racecourse where the village Sunday market is held. It lies on the route of the old Roman road of Dere Street and is the site of the Roman fortification of Cataractonium.

Northallerton
Northallerton (/nɔːrˈθælərtən/ nor-THAL-ər-tən) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is near the River Wiske in the Vale of Mowbray and had a population of 16,832 in 2011. Northallerton is an administrative centre for York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority and North Yorkshire Council.

There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times. That grew in importance from the 11th century when King William II gifted land there to the Bishop of Durham, and it became an important religious centre. The Battle of the Standard fought nearby in 1138 involved the death of up to 12,000 Scots.

Northallerton was an important stopping point for coaches on the road between Edinburgh and London until the arrival of the railway.
VHS (album)
VHS is the debut studio album by American pop rock band X Ambassadors. It was released on June 30, 2015, by KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records. The album follows the band's major label EP releases, Love Songs Drug Songs (2013) and The Reason (2014), the latter of which spawned the lead single of VHS, "Jungle" featuring Jamie N. Commons. The album spawned three other singles, "Renegades", "Unsteady", and "Low Life". It is the only album to feature lead guitarist Noah Feldshuh before he took an indefinite hiatus in 2016.

Love Songs Drug Songs
Love Songs Drug Songs is the third and major-label debut EP by American rock band X Ambassadors, released on May 7, 2013. The EP is the band's first release under the X Ambassadors name following their signing onto Interscope Records. It spawned one single: "Unconsolable".
Baden-Württemberg-Trophy
The Baden-Württemberg-Trophy is a Group 3 flat horse race in Germany open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Baden-Baden over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.

The event is named after Baden-Württemberg, the state in which the racecourse is located. It was established in 2004, and was originally contested over 2,200 metres. It was extended to 2,400 metres in 2011.

The race was titled the Hubertus-Liebrecht-Gedächtnispreis in 2012.

Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
MobilePay
MobilePay is a mobile payment application used in Denmark and Finland. The service allows payments by means of a smartphone application and was first introduced in 2013 by Danske Bank. It was introduced to Finland later in the same year and since 2017 it has been used by all banks in Denmark. As of 2022, MobilePay had more than 4.4 million users in Denmark (total population: 5.8 million) and more than 2 million users in Finland (total population: 5.5 million). This corresponds to 75.86% of the Danish population and 36.36% of the Finnish one. In 2022, MobilePay merged with Vipps of Norway to form Vipps MobilePay, but they maintain their separate brand names in each country. MobilePay is a member of the European Mobile Payment Systems Association.

European Mobile Payment Systems Association
The European Mobile Payment Systems Association (EMPSA) is an association that aims to foster collaboration and to enable the use of different mobile payments systems internationally. EMPSA is headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland and chaired by Søren Mose, the Chairman of the TWINT Board of Directors.
KGJT-CD
KGJT-CD (channel 27) is a low-power, Class A television station in Grand Junction, Colorado, United States, serving Colorado's Western Slope region as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. Owned by Nexstar Media Group, it is a sister station to CBS affiliate KREX-TV (channel 5); Nexstar also operates Fox affiliate KFQX (channel 4) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with owner Mission Broadcasting. The three stations share studios on Hillcrest Avenue in downtown Grand Junction; KGJT-CD's transmitter is located at Land's End, east of the city.

Mission Broadcasting
Mission Broadcasting, Inc. is a television station group that owns 29 full-power television stations in 26 markets in the United States. The group's chair is Nancie Smith, the widow of David S. Smith, who founded the company in 1996 and died in 2011. All but one of Mission's stations are located in markets where Nexstar Media Group also owns a station, and all of Mission's stations (including its lone stand-alone station) are managed by Nexstar through shared services and local marketing agreements—effectively creating duopolies between the top two stations in a market or in markets with too few stations or unique station owners to legally allow duopolies. The company moved its headquarters from Westlake, Ohio, to Wichita Falls, Texas, in 2018. The company's stations are based in markets as large as New York City and as small as Grand Junction, Colorado.
Qishla of Mecca
The Qishla of Mecca (Arabic: قشلة مكة;Turkish: Mekke Redif Kışlası) was a fortress in Mecca, in what is now Saudi Arabia. Built in the eighteenth century as a military castle of the Ottoman Army, the building was located in the Jarwal district on the western side of the city. In the early hours of 10 June 1916, the barracks was attacked by Sharifian forces and its soldiers besieged.

It was demolished by the Saudi government to build several modern hotels facing the Grand Mosque.

Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia
The destruction of heritage sites associated with early Islam is an ongoing phenomenon that has occurred mainly in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, particularly around the two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina. The demolition has focused on mosques, burial sites, homes and historical locations associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, and many of the founding personalities of early Islamic history by the Saudi government. In Saudi Arabia, many of the demolitions have officially been part of the continued expansion of the Masjid al-Haram at Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina and their auxiliary service facilities in order to accommodate the ever-increasing number of Muslims performing the pilgrimage (hajj).
2019–20 Stephen F. Austin Ladyjacks basketball team
The 2019–20 Stephen F. Austin Ladyjacks basketball team represented Stephen F. Austin University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Ladyjacks were led by fifth-year head coach Mark Kellogg and played their home games at the William R. Johnson Coliseum in Nacogdoches, Texas as members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 23–6, 16–4 in Southland play, to finish in second place. Before they could play in the Southland women's tournament, however, the tournament was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.

2020 Southland Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2020 Southland Conference women's basketball tournament, a part of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season, was scheduled to take place March 12–15, 2020 at the Merrell Center in Katy, Texas. The tournament was cancelled on March 12 just before the first game.  The winner of the tournament would have received the Southland Conference's automatic bid to the 2020 NCAA tournament.
Submarine Squadron 4
Submarine Squadron 4 ( SUBRON 4, also known as CSS-4) is a US Navy unit of submarines.

Raised by the United States Navy in 1930, since 9 July 1997, the squadron has been based at the Naval Submarine Base New London, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America.

Charleston Naval Shipyard
Charleston Naval Shipyard (formerly known as the Charleston Navy Yard) was a U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River, in North Charleston, South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston.
Minister of Culture, Tourism and the Environment (Angola)
Minister of Culture, Tourism and the Environment of Angola is a cabinet level position in the national government. In 2020, three ministries merged into the new Ministry of Culture, Tourism and the Environment to cut costs amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Politics of Angola
The current political regime in Angola is presidentialism, in which the President of the Republic is also head of state and government; it is advised by a Council of Ministers, which together with the President form the national executive power. Legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the National Assembly. The President of the Republic, together with the parliament, appoints the majority of the members of the two highest bodies of the judiciary, that is, the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. The judiciary is still made up of the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Military Court.

The Angolan government is composed of three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. For decades, political power has been concentrated in the presidency with the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola.
Faaz
The Faaz (Urdu: فاز, lit. 'Victorious') is a family of under-development beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missiles produced by Pakistani defense conglomerate GIDS. It is intended for use both by air platforms as air-to-air missiles as well as ground-based air defense (GBAD) system units as a surface-to-air missile.

PL-12
The PL-12 (Chinese: 霹雳-12; pinyin: Pī Lì-12; lit. 'Thunderbolt-12', NATO reporting name: CH-AA-7 Adze) is an active radar-guided beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile developed by the People's Republic of China. It is considered comparable to the US AIM-120 AMRAAM and the Russian R-77.
Byng, New South Wales
Byng, New South Wales is a locality in Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. There was once a village of the same name, now a ghost town, although its church and cemetery still exist. An earlier settler's name of the locality was Cornish Settlement. The locality was a site of mining for copper and gold, and has associations with the discovery of the payable gold in Australia, at Ophir during 1851.

Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/ BATH-erst, locally /ˈbæθəst/ BATH-əst) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 44,621 in 2023.

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where Australia's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama, also known as Wahluu, is a landmark of the city which brings in a lot of tourism, especially during the week of the Bathurst 1000. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.
50 Words for Snow
50 Words for Snow is the tenth studio album by English singer-songwriter Kate Bush, released on 21 November 2011. It was the second album released on her own label, Fish People, and Bush's first all-new material since Aerial (2005). The album was promoted by the single "Wild Man"; a further single, "Snowflake", followed in October 2024, alongside a short film in support of War Child.

Aerial (album)
Aerial is the eighth album by English singer-songwriter and musician Kate Bush. It was released as a double album in 2005, twelve years after her 1993 album The Red Shoes. The album charted in twenty-two countries, peaking at number three in the UK.
2009–10 South African Premiership
The 2009–10 South African Premiership season, known as the ABSA Premiership for sponsorship purposes, and also commonly referred to as the PSL after the governing body, was the fourteenth since its establishment in 1996.

Supersport United were the defending champions, having won their second premier league title in the 2008–09 season. The campaign began in August 2009, and ended in March 2010. A total of 16 teams competed in the league. SuperSport United were crowned champions for the third successive time two matches before the end despite losing to Bidvest Wits (1–2) in the last match.

2008–09 South African Premiership
The 2008–09 South African Premiership, known as the ABSA Premiership for sponsorship purposes, and also commonly referred to as the PSL after the governing body, was the thirteenth season of the Premiership since its establishment in 1996.

Supersport United were the defending champions, having won their first Premiership title on the final day of the previous season. The campaign began in August 2008, ended in May 2009. A total of 16 teams contested in the league, 14 of which contested in the 2007–08 season, and two of which were promoted from the National First Division.
Komsomol of Ukraine
The Komsomol of Ukraine, officially the Leninist Communist League of Youth of Ukraine (ЛКСМУ, Ukrainian: Ленінська Комуністична Спілка Молоді України, romanized: Leninska Komunistychna Spilka Molodi Ukrainy; Russian: Ленинский Коммунистический Союз Молодёжи Украины, romanized: Leninskiy Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodyozhi Ukrainy), was a youth organization in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under the Communist Party of Ukraine, a component part of the All-Union Lenin's Communist League of Youth (Komsomol). It was first established in 1919 as the youth wing of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine and later revived in 1997 as the youth wing of the modern Communist Party of Ukraine; that party was banned in 2015 and terminated in 2022.

Between the two World Wars, the Komsomol of Ukraine closely cooperated with the Young Communist League of Western Ukraine, which was a component part of the Young Communist League of Poland.

Young Communist League of Poland
The Young Communist League of Poland (Polish: Związek Młodzieży Komunistycznej w Polsce, abbreviated ZMKwP), in February 1930 renamed as the Communist League of Youth in Poland Polish: Komunistyczny Związek Młodzieży Polski, abbreviated KZMP), was the youth wing of the interbellum Communist Party of Poland between 1922 and 1938. ZMKwP/KZMP was a section of the Young Communist International.