hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry Jerome
Harry Winston Jerome OC (September 30, 1940 – December 7, 1982) was a Canadian track and field sprinter and physical education teacher. He won a bronze medal at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo and set a total of seven world records over the course of his career.

1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Kingston, Jamaica, from 4 to 13 August 1966. This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called White Dominions. The opening ceremony was the first Games to be opened in the evening. The event was followed by the 1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes. Jamaica remains the only host nation of a Commonwealth Games that did not win at least one gold medal in its own games.

Two sports; lawn bowls and rowing were dropped from the Games due to lack of facilities and were replaced by the debut sports of badminton and shooting. A record 38 countries competed at the Games.
Middle Eastern Americans
Middle Eastern Americans are Americans of Middle Eastern background. Although once considered Asian Americans, the modern definition of "Asian American" now excludes people with West Asian backgrounds.

According to the 2020 United States census, over 3.5 million people self-identified as being Middle Eastern and North African ethnic origin. However, this definition includes more than just the Middle East.

Naval history of Iran
The Iranian Navy traditionally located in the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf, has always been the smallest of the country's military forces. An Iranian navy in one form or another has existed since Achaemenid times in 500 BC.  The Phoenician navy played an important role in the military efforts of the Persians in late antiquity in protecting and expanding trade routes along the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. With the Pahlavi dynasty in the 20th century that Iran began to consider building a strong navy to project its strength into the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. In more recent years, the country has engaged in domestic ship building industries in response to the western-backed Iraqi invasion of Iran, which left it without suppliers during an invasion.
Garfield, New Jersey
Garfield is a city in Bergen County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,655, an increase of 2,168 (+7.1%) from the 2010 census count of 30,487, which in turn reflected an increase of 701 (+2.4%) from the 29,786 counted in the 2000 census.

City (New Jersey)
A city in the context of local government in New Jersey refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. Despite the widely held perception of a city as a large, urban area, cities in New Jersey have a confused history as a form of government and vary in size from large, densely populated areas to much smaller hamlets.
Seán T. O'Kelly
Seán Thomas O'Kelly (Irish: Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh; 25 June 1882 – 23 November 1966), originally John T. O'Kelly, was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the president of Ireland from June 1945 to June 1959. He also served as deputy prime minister of Ireland from 1932 to 1945 (titled as Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State from 1932 to 1937 and as Tánaiste from 1937 to 1945), Minister for Local Government and Public Health from 1932 to 1939, Minister for Finance from 1939 to 1945 and Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1919 to 1921. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1945.

Constitution of Ireland
The Constitution of Ireland (Irish: Bunreacht na hÉireann, pronounced [ˈbˠʊnˠɾˠəxt̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ]) is the fundamental law of Ireland. It asserts the national sovereignty of the Irish people. It guarantees certain fundamental rights, along with a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament, a separation of powers and judicial review.

It is the second constitution of the Irish state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. It came into force on 29 December 1937 following a statewide plebiscite held on 1 July 1937. The Constitution may be amended solely by a national referendum. It is the longest continually operating republican constitution within the European Union.
Lock and Dam No. 12
Lock and Dam No. 12 is a lock and dam located on the Upper Mississippi River at Bellevue, Iowa, United States. The movable portion of the dam starts at the locks adjacent to the Iowa shore and is 849 feet (258.8 m) long, consisting of seven tainter gates and three roller gates. It connects to a 200-foot (61.0 m) storage yard and continues toward the Illinois shore with a 2,750-foot (838.2 m) non-submersible dike, a 1,200-foot (365.8 m) submersible dike and a 3,130-foot (954.0 m) non-submersible dike. The non-submersible sections are separated from the submersible section with two 120-foot (36.6 m) transitional dikes. The main lock is 110 feet (33.5 m) wide by 600 feet (182.9 m) long. There is also an incomplete auxiliary lock. In 2004, the facility was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Lock and Dam No. 12 Historic District, #04000172 covering  1,017 acres (4.1 km2), 1 building, 3 structures, and 4 objects.

Roller dam
A roller dam is a type of hydro-control device specially designed to mitigate erosion. They are most often used to divert water for irrigation but the largest and most notable examples are used to ease river navigation.  The world's first roller dam (German: walzenwehr) was constructed in Schweinfurt, Germany in 1902 to divert irrigation water south of the Main river.
Logia Unión y Amparo No. 44
The Logia Unión y Ampara No. 44, or Logia Masónica de Caguas is a masonic lodge located in Caguas, Puerto Rico which was built in 1923. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 15, 1988 and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.

Caguas, Puerto Rico
Caguas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɣwas], locally [ˈkawaʔ]) is a city and municipality in central eastern Puerto Rico. Located in the eponymous Caguas Valley between the Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo of the Central Mountain Range, it is bordered by San Juan and Trujillo Alto to the north, Gurabo and San Lorenzo to the west, Aguas Buenas, Cidra and Cayey to the east, and Patillas to the south. With a population of 127,244 as of the 2020 census, Caguas is the fifth most populated municipality in the archipelago and island and a principal city of the San Juan metropolitan area.

Since 2009, Caguas is the only municipality in Puerto Rico recognized as a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation.
Wilfried Emvula
Wilfried Emvula (born 11 December 1952) is a Namibian politician and diplomat.

Emvula was born on 11 December 1952 at Oniimwandi in Ovamboland (today Namibia's Oshana Region). He completed schooling and a two–year teacher training course and then worked as teacher, principal, and paralegal advisor.

A member of the South West Africa People's Organization, Emvula joined the National Council of Namibia in 1993 as a representative from Erongo Region and became deputy Minister of Trade and Industry in the same year. Bernhardt Esau succeeded him in 1999. Emvula was Ambassador to France from 1999 to 2006 and was appointed as Ambassador to Ethiopia and the African Union in 2006. He presented his credentials as Permanent Representative to the United Nations on 31 August 2010. He is also a trustee of the Legal Assistance Centre.

Bernhardt Esau
Bernhardt Martin Esau (born 9 December 1957) is a Namibian politician.  A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Esau has been a member of the National Assembly since being nominated by President Sam Nujoma and subsequently elected in the 1994 Namibian general election.

Esau became a member of parliament in 1995 and joined the cabinet in 1999 as deputy minister of Trade and Industry. In 2010 he was promoted to Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources, a portfolio he held until November 2019 when he was forced to resign in the wake of the Fishrot bribery scandal.
Mediterranean Fleet (Russian Empire)
The Mediterranean Fleet (Russian: Средиземноморский флот) was a short-lived fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea, active during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774.

It was established on September 23, 1769, under Tsarina Catherine the Great and Count Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov as part of the Imperial Russian Navy. It was created during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). As the Imperial Russia Navy lacked an organised fleet in the Black Sea, it was planned for this new fleet to be sent from the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean. This newly formed fleet was headed by Orlov and commanded by Admiral Grigory Spiridov. It participated in the Battle of Chesma, the Russian occupations of Beirut and some other engagements. The fleet was eventually disbanded following the conclusion of the war and the signing of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, with some elements later being transferred as part of the Imperial Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

The armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be broadly divided into riverine/littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), between riverine/littoral and open-ocean applications (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. The strategic offensive purpose of naval warfare is projection of force by water, and its strategic defensive purpose is to challenge the similar projection of force by enemies.
560th Volksgrenadier Division
The 560th Volksgrenadier Division was a volksgrenadier division of the German Army during the Second World War, active from 1944 to 1945.

The division was formed on 10 August 1944 in Norway, by redesignating the 560th Grenadier Division, itself created on 1 August 1944 under the command of Erich Hofmann. It contained the 1128th, 1129rd and 1130th Grenadier Regiments, and the 1560th Artillery Regiment.

After redeploying to Denmark and then to the Western Front, the division fought in the Battle of the Bulge under the command of Rudolf Bader before retreating through Germany and being trapped in the Ruhr pocket, where it was destroyed in April 1945.

Volksgrenadier
Volksgrenadier, also spelt Volks-Grenadier, was the name given to a type of German Army division formed in the autumn of 1944 after the double loss of Army Group Centre to the Soviets in Operation Bagration and the Fifth Panzer Army to the Western Allies in Normandy. The name itself was intended to build morale, appealing at once to nationalism (Volk) and Germany's older military traditions (Grenadier). Germany formed 78 VGDs during the war. Volksgrenadier divisions were professional military formations with standardized weapons and equipment, unlike the unrelated Volkssturm militia.
Volume 1 (Fabrizio De André album)
Volume 1 (Vol. 1º) is the second studio release by Italian singer-songwriter Fabrizio De André and his first true studio album. 
It was first issued in 1967 on Bluebell Records. It is a collection of re-recordings of De André's early singles, previously issued on the Karim label.

Georges Brassens
Georges Charles Brassens (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) ʃaʁl bʁasɛ̃s]; Occitan: [ˈbɾasens]; 22 October 1921 – 29 October 1981) was a French singer-songwriter and poet.

An iconic figure in France, George Brassens is regarded as one of the most accomplished artists who has profoundly shaped French music and culture. He achieved fame through his elegant songs, characterised by harmonically complex music for voice and guitar, as well as articulate and diverse lyrics. He is considered one of France's most accomplished postwar poets. He also set to music poems by both relatively obscure poets and such well-known ones as Louis Aragon (Il n'y a pas d'amour heureux), Victor Hugo (La Légende de la Nonne, Gastibelza), Paul Verlaine, Jean Richepin, François Villon (La Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis), and Antoine Pol (Les Passantes).
Aderkomyces sikkimensis
Aderkomyces sikkimensis is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2006 by Athokpam Pinokiyo, Krishna Pal Singh, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author from a subtropical forest near Damthang (Sikkim). It has also been recorded from the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. The specific epithet refers to the region of the type locality.

The lichen has a thin grey thallus that is continuous in its central area but dispersed in the peripheries; it measures 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) across. The photobiont partner is a species of Chlorococcaceae with greenish, rounded cells measuring 8–14 μm in diameter. The ascospores of Aderkomyces sikkimensis are muriform (divided into chambers), oblong to ellipsoid in shape, and measure 28–40 by 15–26 μm.

Gomphillaceae
The Gomphillaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. They occur mainly in tropical regions, where many species are adapted to humid rainforests and grow directly on leaves rather than on bark or rock. The family contains about 46 genera and more than 800 species, although the true total may be higher because genetic work has revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Many members reproduce using specialised structures and produce few or none of the lichen products that are typical of other lichen groups. A major molecular phylogenetics-led reorganisation in 2023 formalised this revised classification, recognising and establishing 17 genera as new or reinstated.
Hill repair
A Hill repair is an anti-acid reflux procedure.  It is similar to the Nissen fundoplication.  Though far less common owing to a greater degree of difficulty, studies indicate a similar rate of efficacy.  It is performed almost exclusively in the Pacific Northwest.

Nissen fundoplication
A Nissen fundoplication, or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication when performed via laparoscopic surgery, is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia. In GERD, it is usually performed when medical therapy has failed; but, with a Type II (paraesophageal) hiatus hernia, it is the first-line procedure. The Nissen fundoplication is total (360°), but partial fundoplications known as Thal (270° anterior), Belsey (270° anterior transthoracic), Dor (anterior 180–200°), Lind (300° posterior), and Toupet fundoplications (posterior 270°) are alternative procedures with somewhat different indications and outcomes.
People's Party of Russia
The People's Party of Russia (PPR) was a Russian center-left political party created by political strategist Andrei Bogdanov, which existed from 2012 until 2019. Journalists often called it the spoiler party.

Democratic Party of Russia
The Democratic Party of Russia (DPR) is a conservative Russian political party that was founded in 1990. Under the leadership of Andrey Bogdanov, the party advocated the entry of Russia into the European Union. In 2008, the party merged with several others to form the Right Cause. It was re-established as a party and officially registered again in 2012.
Major trauma
Major trauma is any injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death. There are many causes of major trauma, blunt and penetrating, including falls, motor vehicle collisions, stabbing wounds, and gunshot wounds. Depending on the severity of injury, quickness of management, and transportation to an appropriate medical facility (called a trauma center) may be necessary to prevent loss of life or limb. The initial assessment is critical, and involves a physical evaluation and also may include the use of imaging tools to determine the types of injuries accurately and to formulate a course of treatment.

In 2002, unintentional and intentional injuries were the fifth and seventh leading causes of deaths worldwide, accounting for 6.23% and 2.84% of all deaths. For research purposes the definition often is based on an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of greater than 15.

Coagulopathy
Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired. This condition can cause a tendency toward prolonged or excessive bleeding (bleeding diathesis), which may occur spontaneously or following an injury or medical and dental procedures.

Coagulopathies are sometimes erroneously referred to as "clotting disorders", but a clotting disorder is the opposite, defined as a predisposition to excessive clot formation (thrombus), also known as a hypercoagulable state or thrombophilia.
Deh-e Murd-e Olya
Deh-e Murd-e Olya (Persian: ده موردعليا, also Romanized as Deh-e Mūrd-e ‘Olyā; also known as Deh-e Mūrd and Mūrd) is a village in Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 81, in 12 families.

Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District
Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District (Persian: دهستان سرآسياب يوسفي) is in Sar Asiab-e Yusefi District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Deh-e Bonar-e Yusefi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sar Asiab-e Yusefi, now a city.
Karl II, Prince of Isenburg-Birstein
Karl II, Prince of Isenburg-Büdingen in Birstein (full name: Karl Viktor Amadeus Wolfgang Kasimir Adolf Bodo) (29 July 1838 – 2 April 1899) was head of the mediatised German house of Isenburg and Büdingen.

Sophie Prinzessin von Preussen
Sophie Prinzessin von Preussen (born Sophie Johanna Maria Prinzessin von Isenburg; 7 March 1978) is the wife to Georg Friedrich Prinz von Preussen, head of the Prussian branch of the House of Hohenzollern.
Cho Won-hee
Cho Won-hee (Korean: 조원희, Korean pronunciation: [tɕo.wʌn.ɦi]; born 17 April 1983) is a South Korean former professional footballer, who played as a right-back or a defensive midfielder. Aside of his considerably long playing time with several teams of the K League, he also experienced spells in England, China and Japan.

In his home-country, he's also known as an Internet sensation, as he runs a YouTube channel hosting special training sessions (sometimes in collaboration with fellow footballer and YouTuber Lee Min-a) and covering national and international football, as well as his own experiences as a player.

2012 Chinese FA Super Cup
The 2012 Chinese FA Super Cup (Chinese: 2012中国足球协会超级杯) was the 10th Chinese Football Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Super League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played at the Guangzhou University City Stadium on 25 February 2012, and contested by league winner Guangzhou Evergrande and cup winner Tianjin Teda. Guangzhou Evergrande won the title 2–1.
William Paterson University
William Paterson University, known as WP, officially William Paterson University of New Jersey (WPUNJ), is a public university in Wayne, New Jersey, United States. It is part of New Jersey's public system of higher education.

Founded in 1855 and named after American statesman, lawyer, jurist, and signer of the United States Constitution William Paterson, William Paterson is the third-oldest public institution in New Jersey. William Paterson offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees through its five academic colleges. During the fall 2023 semester, 6,546 undergraduate students and 2,880 graduate students were enrolled.

Great Falls (Passaic River)
The Great Falls of the Passaic River is a 77 feet (23 m) high waterfall on the Passaic River in the city of Paterson in Passaic County, New Jersey. One of the United States' largest waterfalls, it played a significant role in the early industrial development of New Jersey starting in the earliest days of the nation. The falls and surrounding area are protected as part of the Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park, administered by the National Park Service. Congress authorized its establishment in 2009.

In 1967 it was designated a National Natural Landmark together with Garret Mountain Reservation.  The falls and the surrounding neighborhood have also been designated as a National Historic Landmark District since 1976.  The Great Falls' raceway and power systems were designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark and a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 1977.
Geoffrey Finsberg
Geoffrey Finsberg, Baron Finsberg, MBE, JP (13 June 1926 – 8 October 1996) was a British Conservative politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hampstead from 1970 to 1983, and for its successor constituency, Hampstead and Highgate, from 1983 to 1992.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
Outline of New York City
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to New York City:

New York City – largest city in the state of New York and most populous city in the United States. New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon the world's commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports. If New York City were a country, it would have the 12th highest GDP in the world. It is the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world — anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, and home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.

New York City ethnic enclaves
Since its founding in 1625 by Dutch traders as New Amsterdam, New York City has been a major destination for immigrants of many nationalities who have formed ethnic enclaves, neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity. African-American freedmen also moved to New York City in the Great Migration and the later Second Great Migration and formed ethnic enclaves.  These neighborhoods are set apart from the main city by differences such as food, goods for sale, or even language.

As of 2019, there are 3.1 million immigrants in New York City. This accounts for 37% of the city population and 45% of its workforce. Ethnic enclaves in New York include Caribbean, Asian, European, Latin American, Middle Eastern and Jewish groups, who immigrated from or whose ancestors immigrated from various countries. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York.