hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American exploration of Antarctica
The United States has maintained a continuous presence in Antarctica, conducting scientific research without asserting any territorial claims. The U.S. first established its presence on the continent in 1928 when Richard Byrd led an expedition. Since then, the U.S. has engaged in scientific studies relating to climate, geology, and biology, with permanent research stations supporting year-round operations.

United States Antarctic Service Expedition
The United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–1941), often referred to as Byrd's Third Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition jointly sponsored by the United States Navy, State Department, Department of the Interior and The Treasury. Although a U.S.-government sponsored expedition, additional support came from donations and gifts by private citizens, corporations and institutions.
Corvette (video game)
Corvette is a 2003 racing video game developed by Steel Monkeys and published by TDK Mediactive for Windows, Xbox, and Game Boy Advance, and by Global Star Software for PlayStation 2. The GBA version was developed by Visual Impact. The game is based on the Chevrolet Corvette sports car in celebration of the line's 50th anniversary, and lets players race in all five generations of Corvette that existed at the time.

Chevrolet Corvette (C1)
The Chevrolet Corvette (C1) is the first generation of the Corvette sports car produced by Chevrolet. It was introduced late in the 1953 model year and produced through 1962. This generation is commonly called the "solid-axle" generation, as an independent rear suspension did not appear until the 1963 Sting Ray.

The Corvette was rushed into production for its debut model year to capitalize on the enthusiastic public reaction to the concept vehicle. However, expectations for the new model were largely unfulfilled. Reviews were mixed, and sales fell far short of expectations through the car's early years. The program was nearly canceled by General Motors, but decided to make necessary improvements because Ford was developing a two-seater that became the Thunderbird.
Catacombs of Saint Agnes
The Catacomb of Saint Agnes (Italian: Catacombe di Sant'Agnese) is one of the catacombs of Rome, placed at the second mile of via Nomentana, inside the monumental complex of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura, in the Quartiere Trieste.

Via Nomentana
The Via Nomentana was an ancient Roman road in Italy, leading North-East from Rome to Nomentum (modern Mentana), a distance of 23 km (14 mi). It originally bore the name "Via Ficulensis", from the old Latin village of Ficulea, about 13 km (8.1 mi) from Rome. It was subsequently extended to Nomentum, but never became an important high road, and merged in the Via Salaria a few kilometers beyond Nomentum. It is followed as far as Nomentum by the modern state road, but some traces of its pavement still exist.

The road started at the Porta Collina in the Servian Walls until the third century, when emperor Aurelian built the Porta Nomentana in his new set of walls.
Shodhana
In Rasa Shastra (the branch that deals with pharmaceutical processing of Ayurveda formulations), Shodhana is a process that is employed during the pharmaceutical processing either to detoxify, purify, or to potentiate the efficacy of the raw materials (of herbal, mineral, metal or animal origin).
Shodhana is of two types in Rasashastra. Samanya or general purification method and Vishesha shodhana or the Specific methods of purification.

Rasashastra
In Ayurvedic medicine, rasaśāstra (रसशास्त्र) refers to processes by which various metals, minerals and other substances, including most notably mercury, are purified and combined with herbs in an attempt to treat illnesses. Rasaśāstra is a pharmaceutical branch of Indian system of medicine and a genre of literature which mainly deals with the metals, minerals, product of animal origin, toxic herbs and their use in therapeutics.
Princess Helena College
PHC was a co-educational private day and boarding school for pupils aged 11 to 18 in Preston near Hitchin in Hertfordshire, England.

The school was housed in a Queen Anne country house, formerly known as Temple Dinsley, which was redesigned by Edwin Lutyens, at the same time as the gardens were designed by his great friend, Gertrude Jekyll. The house is listed Grade II* on the National Heritage List for England, and the gardens and landscaped park are listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Gertrude Jekyll
Gertrude Jekyll VMH (/ˈdʒiːkəl/ JEE-kəl; 29 November 1843 – 8 December 1932) was a British horticulturist, garden designer, craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist.  She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by British and American gardening enthusiasts.
Berlin–Hohenschönhausen tram
The Berlin–Hohenschönhausen tram was a tram operated under the Prussian Small Railway Act between Berlin and the rural municipality of Hohenschönhausen, which was incorporated into Berlin in 1920 (from 1911: Berlin-Hohenschönhausen). Opened in 1899, the line was operated by the Continentale Gesellschaft für elektrische Unternehmungen from Nuremberg until 1906, and then by the Aktiengesellschaft der Neue Berliner Straßenbahnen Nordost. In 1910, the Große Berliner Straßenbahn (GBS) bought the company and renamed it the Nordöstliche Berliner Vorortbahn (NöBV). In 1919, the line was absorbed into the GBS and thus became an integral part of the Berlin tram network. Large parts of the route are still in operation and are currently served by the M5 tram line of the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG).

Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (lit. 'Berlin Transport Company') is the main public transport company of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It manages the city's U-Bahn (underground), tram, bus, replacement services (SEV) and ferry networks, but not the S-Bahn (urban rail system.)

The generally used abbreviation, BVG, has been retained from the company's original name, Berliner Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft (Berlin Transportation Stock Company). Subsequently, the company was renamed Berliner Verkehrs-Betriebe. During the division of Berlin, the BVG was split between BVG (Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe Gesellschaft in West Berlin) and BVB (Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe in East Berlin, also known as the Volkseigenes Kombinat Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, BVB). After reunification, the current formal name was adopted.
Robert Dell (priest)
Christianity portal

The Ven. Robert Sydney Dell, MA (20 May 1922 – 19 January 2008) was Archdeacon of Derby from 1973  to 1992.

He was educated at Harrow County School for Boys, Emmanuel College, Cambridge  and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1948. His first posts were curacies in  Islington and Cambridge. He was then successively: Chaplain at  Wrekin College., Vicar of Mildenhall, Suffolk, Vice-Principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge, Vicar of Chesterton, Cambridge and  Canon Residentiary at Derby Cathedral.

Archdeacons in the Diocese of Derby
The three Archdeacons in the Diocese of Derby are senior ecclesiastical officers in the Church of England Diocese of Derby. Each archdeacon has responsibility for church buildings and clergy discipline in her/his respective archdeaconry.
Nanocassiope
Nanocassiope is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

Nanocassiope alcocki  (Rathbun, 1902)

Nanocassiope grandulipes  (Sakai, 1939)

Nanocassiope melanodactylus  (A. Milne Edwards, 1868)

Nanocassiope oblonga  Davie, 1995

Nanocassiope polita  (Rathbun, 1894)

Nanocassiope tridentata  Davie, 1995

Nanocassiope oblonga
Nanocassiope oblonga is a species of crab within the family Xanthidae. It lives in the Eastern Central Pacific off the coasts of the French Polynesia islands near Nuku Hiva and Eiao, in benthic environments at depths of 140 to 155 metres (459 to 509 ft).
Bow Road railway station
Bow Road is a closed railway station in Bow, East London, that was opened in 1876 on the Bow Curve branch line by the Great Eastern Railway (GER).

The station building was situated slightly west of a former North London Railway (NLR) station called Bow and near the current Bow Road Underground station and Bow Church DLR station. Bow Road station was re-sited in 1892 to a site 3 miles 7 chains (5 km) down-line from Fenchurch Street. It was closed in 1949.

Bow, London
Bow (/ˈboʊ/) is a district in East London, England and is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is an inner-city suburb located  4.6 miles (7.4 km) east of Charing Cross.

Historically in Middlesex, it became part of the County of London in 1888. "Bow" is an abbreviation of the medieval name Stratford-at-Bow, in which "Bow" refers to the bow-shaped bridge built here in the early 12th century. Bow contains parts of both Victoria Park and the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Old Ford and Fish Island are localities within Bow, but Bromley-by-Bow immediately to the south is a separate district. These distinctions have their roots in historic parish boundaries.

Bow underwent extensive urban regeneration including the replacement or improvement of council homes, with the impetus given by the staging of the 2012 Olympic Games at nearby Stratford.
Division of Nepean
The Division of Nepean was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was located in the western suburbs of Sydney. It originally covered the suburbs of Granville, Lithgow and Penrith. After the redistribution of 27 February 1913 it also included the suburb of Homebush.

The Division was named for the Nepean River, which itself was named after British politician Evan Nepean. It was proclaimed at the redistribution of 13 July 1906, and was first contested at the 1906 Federal election. It was abolished at the redistribution of 13 September 1922 and divided between six electorates:  Macquarie, Martin, Parramatta, Reid, Robertson and Werriwa.

Division of Martin
The Division of Martin was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was located in the inner western suburbs of Sydney, and initially included the suburbs of Concord and Mortlake, although by the time it was abolished in 1955, it had moved to cover Abbotsford, Balmain and Drummoyne.

The Division was named after Hon Sir James Martin, a former Premier of New South Wales. It was proclaimed at the redistribution of 13 September 1922, and was first contested at the 1922 Federal election. It was abolished at the redistribution of 30 August 1955. The seat was at one stage held by William Holman, a former Premier of New South Wales.
Greater Magaric languages
The Greater Magaric languages are a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages proposed by Nicolas Schorer (2016). Schorer (2016: 286-287) considers Greater Magaric to be closely related to the Kiranti languages as part of a greater Himalayish branch, and does not consider Himalayish to be particularly closely related to the Tibetic languages, which include Tibetan and the Tamangic languages.

Matisoff (2015: xxxii, 1123-1127), in the final print release of the Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT), has also proposed a Kham-Magar-Chepang language group.

Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan is a liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism that dates from the 9th century. It particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit. It is one of the handful of 'living' classical languages along with Arabic, Ge'ez, and New Persian, though it meaningfully differs from Modern Standard Tibetan.
Eucalyptus × erythrandra
Eucalyptus × erythrandra, commonly known as rosebud gum, is a species of mallee or shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It typically grows to a height of 1.5–5 m (4 ft 11 in – 16 ft 5 in) and has smooth grey bark, and pinkish flowers from September to October or January. It grows in mallee scrub in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.

This eucalypt was originally given the name Eucalyptus erythrandra by William Blakely and Henry Steedman who published the description in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. It is now accepted by the Australian Plant Census as a hybrid, either between E. incrassata and E. tetraptera or between E. angulosa and E. tetraptera.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
PR (complexity)
PR is the complexity class of all primitive recursive functions—or, equivalently, the set of all formal languages that can be decided in time bounded by such a function. This includes addition, multiplication, exponentiation, tetration, etc.

The Ackermann function is an example of a function that is not primitive recursive, showing that PR is strictly contained in R (Cooper 2004:88).

On the other hand, we can "enumerate" any recursively enumerable set (see also its complexity class RE) by a primitive-recursive function in the following sense: given an input , where  is a Turing machine and  is an integer, if  halts within  steps then output ; otherwise output nothing.  Then the union of the outputs, over all possible inputs (, ), is exactly the set of  that halt.

PR strictly contains ELEMENTARY.

PR does not contain "PR-complete" problems (assuming, e.g., reductions that belong to ELEMENTARY).

RE (complexity)
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, RE (recursively enumerable) is the class of decision problems for which a 'yes' answer can be verified by a Turing machine in a finite amount of time. Informally, it means that if the answer to a problem instance is 'yes', then there is some procedure that takes finite time to determine this, and this procedure never falsely reports 'yes' when the true answer is 'no'. However, when the true answer is 'no', the procedure is not required to halt; it may go into an "infinite loop" for some 'no' cases. Such a procedure is sometimes called a semi-algorithm, to distinguish it from an algorithm, defined as a complete solution to a decision problem.

Similarly, co-RE is the set of all languages that are complements of a language in RE.  In a sense, co-RE contains languages of which membership can be disproved in a finite amount of time, but proving membership might take forever.
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
The Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs is an internal policy coordination group of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), reporting to the CCP Politburo, in charge of supervising and coordinating Beijing's policies towards the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

The Group was established as the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs in 1978. In 2020, the group was upgraded from a Central Coordination Group to a Central Leading Group. The Group is the highest body for China's policy towards Hong Kong and Macau. Since 2003, the group has always been led by a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. The General Office for the group is also known as the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office.

Macau Liaison Office
The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region is the representative office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China in Macau.

Under the system "one institution with two names", the office also holds the name as the Macau Work Committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Its counterpart body in mainland China is the Office of the Macau Special Administrative Region in Beijing. It is one of the three agencies of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region. The other two are the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Macao Special Administrative Region and the People's Liberation Army Macau Garrison.
Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi
Oba Ọjájá II (born Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi, Listenⓘ 17 October 1974) CFR is the Ooni and monarch of Ifẹ. He is the 51st traditional ruler. He became the Ooni after his predecessor Okunade Sijuwade in August 2015.

Okunade Sijuwade
Oba Okunade Sijuwade CFR (listenⓘ; 1 January 1930 – 28 July 2015) was the fiftieth traditional ruler or Ooni of Ife from 1980 to his death in 2015, taking the regnal name Olubuse II. He was a traditional ruler of Ile-Ife, Yoruba town in Osun State, Nigeria. He was crowned on 6 December 1980 in a ceremony attended by the Emir of Kano, Oba of Benin, Amayanabo of Opobo and Olu of Warri, as well as by representatives of the Queen of the United Kingdom.
Ludgine River
The Ludgine River (in French: rivière Ludgine) is a tributary of the west bank of the Chaudière River which flows northward to empty onto the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

The Ludgine River flows through Quebec, Canada, MRC of:

Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality (administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches): municipality of Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset;

Le Granit Regional County Municipality (administrative region of Estrie): municipalities of Lac-Drolet and Saint-Ludger;

Le Granit Regional County Municipality
Le Granit (French pronunciation: [lə ɡʁanit], lit. 'The Granite') is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec, Canada. Located directly south of Quebec City, it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches, as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine. It is named for its abundance of granite. Created in 1982, Le Granit's seat is Lac-Mégantic.
Peter Hudson (darts player)
Peter Hudson (born 20 April 1984) is an English darts player. He joined the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) in 2010 but failed to qualify for any of the television majors. Hudson earned a full PDC Pro Tour card for the 2011 and 2012 seasons via the PDC's Qualifying School.

Benito van de Pas
Benito van de Pas (born 18 January 1993) is a former Dutch professional darts player who formerly competed in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Van de Pas obtained a PDC Tour Card in 2014 and won three ranking Players Championship events on the 2016 PDC Pro Tour. He is a three-time quarter-finalist in PDC major events, reaching the last eight at the 2015 Players Championship Finals and the World Grand Prix in 2016 and 2017. However, his form declined and he lost his Tour Card at the end of 2020.
Angelbachtal
Angelbachtal is a municipality in Kraichgau, between Sinsheim and Bruchsal, created in 1972 by the union of Eichtersheim and Michelfeld. The name Angelbachtal comes from the valley of the Waldangelbach, which flows through Kraichgau.

Kraichgau
The Kraichgau (German: [ˈkʁaɪçɡaʊ] ⓘ) is a hilly region in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany.  It is bordered by the Odenwald and the Neckar to the North, the Black Forest to the South, and the Upper Rhine Plain to the West.  To the east, its boundary is considered to be the Stromberg and the Heuchelberg.

The largest towns of the Kraichgau are Sinsheim, Eppingen, and Bretten. On the western end of the Kraichgau is the town of Bruchsal, the gateway to the Rhineland plains.

The mild climate and fertile soils allow for rural land use for orchards, vineyards and arable farming. Geographic features of the area include the Neckar and Enz river valleys and the Stromberg-Heuchelberg Nature Park.

The hilly region hosts an Ironman competition.
1980 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1980 UC Davis Aggies football team represented the University of California, Davis as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1980 NCAA Division II football season. Led by 11th-year head coach Jim Sochor, UC Davis compiled an overall record of 7–2–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the FWC title for the tenth consecutive season. 1980 was the 11th consecutive winning season for the Aggies. With the 5–0 conference record, they stretched their conference winning streak to 38 games dating back to the 1973 season. The team outscored its opponents 267 to 178 for the season. The Aggies played home games at Toomey Field in Davis, California.

1973 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1973 UC Davis Aggies football team represented the University of California, Davis as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Jim Sochor, UC Davis compiled an overall record of 7–3 with a mark of 4–1 in conference play, sharing the FWC title with Chico State and finishing at champions for the third consecutive season. 1973 was the fourth consecutive winning season for the Aggies. The team outscored its opponents 217 to 153 for the season. The Aggies played home games at Toomey Field in Davis, California.
2001 Ontario Nokia Cup
The 2001 Nokia Cup, southern Ontario men's provincial curling championship was held February 5-11 at the Woodstock District Community Complex in Woodstock, Ontario.  The winning Wayne Middaugh rink from Toronto would represent Ontario at the 2001 Nokia Brier in Ottawa.
This would be the first year that the Page playoff system would be used in provincial playdowns.

Ontario Tankard
The Ontario Tankard, officially the Ontario Men's Provincial Championships, is the Southern Ontario provincial championship for men's curling. The winner represents Team Ontario at the Montana's Brier. The tournament is overseen by Curling Ontario (formerly the Ontario Curling Association).

Northern Ontario has its own provincial championship, known as the Northern Ontario Men's Provincial Curling Championship.

This championship is not to be confused with the Silver Tankard, historically also known as the Ontario Tankard (and until 1937 a Brier qualifier).
Anisotes pubinervius
Anisotes pubinervius is an Afrotropical plant species in the acanthus family, which is native to forest understorey in the Afromontane archipelago. It is widespread in eastern Africa, with isolated populations in southern Africa and Nigeria. The species is named for the fine down (pubi -) that covers the main leaf veins (-nervia).

Afromontane
The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions of Africa are discontinuous, separated from each other by lower-lying areas, and are sometimes referred to as the Afromontane archipelago, as their distribution is analogous to a series of sky islands.
1937 Claxton Shield
The 1937 Claxton Shield was the fourth annual Claxton Shield, an Australian national baseball tournament. It was held at Unley Oval in Adelaide from 7 to 14 August, the second time Adelaide had hosted the Shield. New South Wales won the Shield for the first time. Western Australia joined the tournament for the first time, becoming the fourth state to be represented. The other participating teams were Victoria and hosts South Australia.

South Australia (baseball team)
South Australia (previously known as the South Australian Bite) competes in the Claxton Shield Baseball Championship in Australia. As one of the founding teams of the Claxton Shield in 1934, they participated until 1988, when the Shield began being awarded to the winner of the Australian Baseball League. In 1999, they were invited to join the International Baseball League of Australia, where they competed for two seasons (1999–2000 and 2002). After that, the Claxton Shield returned to a format similar to the one used prior to 1988.