hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joe Maneely
Joseph Maneely (/məˈniːli/; February 18, 1926 – June 7, 1958) was an American comic book artist best known for his work at Marvel Comics' 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics, where he co-created the Marvel characters the Black Knight, the Ringo Kid, the Yellow Claw, and Jimmy Woo.

Maneely worked at Atlas with Steve Ditko and John Romita, Sr. Writer/editor Stan Lee commented that, "Joe Maneely to me would have been the next Jack Kirby. He also could draw anything, make anything look exciting, and I actually think he was even faster than Jack." Talented and well-respected, he died in a commuter-train accident shortly before Marvel's ascendancy into a commercial and pop-cultural conglomerate.

Martin Goodman (publisher)
Martin Goodman (also Morris Goodman; born Moe Goodman; January 18, 1908 – June 6, 1992) was an American publisher of pulp magazines, digest sized magazines, paperback books, men's adventure magazines, and comic books, who founded the comics magazine company Timely Comics in 1939. Timely Comics would go on to become Marvel Comics, one of the United States' two largest comic book publishers along with rival DC Comics.
Opposition day
An opposition day is a day in a legislature using the Westminster system in which an opposition party sets the agenda. Most days the parliamentary agenda is set by the government; opposition days allow the smaller parties to choose the subject for debate. The number of days varies between parliaments.

Originally, opposition days were associated with debates over supply and held prior to the estimates and the budget and were created so that opposition parties could advance ideas for what should and should not be funded. In modern politics, opposition days are most often used to bring up issues that the government would rather ignore. Typically, governments seek to amend opposition day motions to support their own policy.

Westminster system
The Westminster system, or Westminster model, is a type of parliamentary government modelled on that of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Key aspects of the system include an executive branch made up of members of the legislature which is responsible to the legislature, the presence of parliamentary opposition parties, and a ceremonial head of state who is separate from the head of government. The term derives from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the British parliament. The Westminster system can be contrasted with the presidential system, which originated in the United States, and with the semi-presidential system based on the government of France.

The Westminster system is used, or was once used, in the national and subnational legislatures of most former colonies of the British Empire upon gaining self-government, beginning with the Province of Canada in 1848. However, many former colonies have since adopted other forms of government.
Kwai Luen Estate
Kwai Luen Estate (Chinese: 葵聯邨) is a public housing estate in Kwai Shing, Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It consists of four residential blocks completed in 2011 and 2014 respectively. It was one of the public housing estates detected to have excessive lead contents in its water supply in 2015.

Kwai Shing
Kwai Shing (葵盛) is an area on the hill between Kwai Fong and Tai Wo Hau in the Kwai Chung area of Hong Kong. The area is named after the two major public housing estates on the hill, Kwai Shing East Estate and Kwai Shing West Estate, accommodating the influx of immigrants after World War II.

The area hosts some major facilities in Kwai Chung, like Kwai Shing Swimming Pool, South Kwai Chung Jockey Club Polyclinic and Kwai Shing Wet market. It is surrounded by many primary and secondary schools. For example, Sheng Kung Hui Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School, Buddhist Sin Tak College, Daughter of Mary Help of Christians Siu Ming Catholic Secondary School and so on.

There are some public transport stations in Kwai Shing community which makes the place quite convenient. The nearest MTR station is Kwai Hing station and it requires 15 minutes to walk down there.
Peter Stephens (actor)
Peter Stephens (3 January 1920 – 17 September 1972) was an English stage, film and television supporting actor, notable for his appearances in various BBC television shows throughout the 60s, most famously for his portrayal of the Bunteresque character Cyril in the Doctor Who serial The Celestial Toymaker. He was also the director of one film during his career.

Doctor in the House (TV series)
Doctor in the House is a British television comedy series loosely based on a set of books and a film of the same name by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of medical students. It was produced by London Weekend Television from 1969 to 1970.

The primary writers for the Doctor in the House episodes were Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie.  There were also contributions from  Graham Chapman, John Cleese, and Barry Cryer.
The series was directed by David Askey and Maurice Murphy among others and the producer was Humphrey Barclay. The external establishing shots were of Wanstead Hospital, London (now Clock Court).

It was the first series in a franchise which included six later series, using some of the same cast members and writers.  The follow-up series was Doctor at Large.
Kristian Vigenin
Kristian Ivanov Vigenin (Bulgarian: Кристиан Иванов Вигенин; born 12 June 1975) is a Bulgarian politician, Vice-President of the National Assembly of Bulgaria, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria, and a Member of the European Parliament.

He became minister on May 29, 2013, in the cabinet of Plamen Oresharski, where he served until the new government took office on August 6, 2014.

In the European Parliament, Mr. Vigenin was a member of the Coalition for Bulgaria, part of the Party of European Socialists, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union.

Plamen Oresharski
Plamen Vasilev Oresharski (Bulgarian: Пламен Василев Орешарски, born 21 February 1960) is a Bulgarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 2013 to 2014. Affiliated with the Bulgarian Socialist Party, he previously served as Member of the National Assembly from 2009 to 2013, Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2009 and Deputy Minister of Finance from 1997 to 2001.
Goudkust
Goudkust (lit. 'Gold Coast') is a Dutch television series, which was broadcast by SBS6. When SBS6 was not happy about the results of the series, it sold the series to FOX 8. When FOX in 2001 sold FOX 8 to SBS Broadcasting the series was aired on NET 5, where the series stopped, something that SBS6 did two years earlier.

SBS6
SBS6 is a Dutch free-to-cable commercial TV channel and is a part of Talpa TV, formerly known as SBS Broadcasting B.V. and now owned by Talpa Network. Other channels of the group in the Netherlands are Net5, Veronica, and SBS9.
Tape diagram
A tape diagram is a rectangular visual model resembling a piece of tape, that is used to assist with the calculation of ratios and addition, subtraction, and commonly multiplication. It is also known as a divided bar model, fraction strip, length model or strip diagram. In mathematics education, it is used to solve word problems for children in elementary school.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Treaty of Ganja
The Treaty of Ganja was concluded between the Russian Empire and Safavids on 10 March 1735 during the Persian Siege of Ganja (1734) near the city of Ganja in present-day Azerbaijan. The treaty established a defensive alliance against the Ottoman Empire, which had suffered a defeat in the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735). The Russian government agreed to return the remaining Persian territories in the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, including Derbend and Baku, that had been conquered by Peter the Great during the Russo-Persian War (1722–1723). The treaty also confirmed the provisions of the 1732 Treaty of Resht whereby Russia renounced its claim to Gilan, Mazandaran, and Astrabad, and Safavid state recognized Vakhtang VI, a pro-Russian Georgian king-in-exile. The treaty provided for Russia a diplomatic advantage in a simmering war with the Ottomans and for the Safavid ruler Nader Shah respite on the western frontier of his empire.

Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)
The Ottoman–Persian War of 1730–1735 was a conflict between the forces of Safavid Iran and those of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1735. After Ottoman support had failed to keep the Ghilzai Afghan invaders on the Iranian throne, the Ottoman possessions in western Iran, which were granted to them by the Hotak dynasty, came under risk of re-incorporation into the newly resurgent Iranian Empire. The talented Safavid general, Nader, gave the Ottomans an ultimatum to withdraw, which the Ottomans chose to ignore. A series of campaigns followed, with each side gaining the upper hand in a succession of tumultuous events that spanned half a decade. Finally, the Iranian victory at Yeghevard made the Ottomans sue for peace and recognize Iranian territorial integrity and Iranian hegemony over the Caucasus.
2021 Open Città di Bari
The 2021 Open Città di Bari was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bari, Italy between 22 and 28 November 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Frank McDowell Leavitt
Frank McDowell Leavitt (1856–1928) was an American engineer and inventor. Leavitt devised one of the earliest machines for manufacturing tin cans and later invented the Bliss-Leavitt torpedo, the chief torpedo used by United States Navy in World War I. Leavitt was part of an emerging cadre of American engineers whose design feats were putting United States manufacturing might on the map at the dawn of the twentieth century.

John McDowell Leavitt
John McDowell Leavitt (May 10, 1824 – December 12, 1909) was an early Ohio lawyer, Episcopal clergyman, poet, novelist, editor and professor. Leavitt served as the second President  of Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and as President of St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.
Citroën Xsara Kit Car
Citroën Xsara Kit Car is a rally car derived from the Citroën Xsara road car. The two wheel drive naturally aspirated car was built by Citroën Sport to FIA Kit car F2 regulations. It participated in the French Rally Championship, in which it raced from 1998 to 2001. The car took two World Rally Championship rally victories in 1999, which resulted in rule changes that made the car un-competitive against World Rally Car machinery. The car was succeeded by the Citroën Xsara WRC from 2002.

Citroën Xsara
The Citroën Xsara (/ˈzɑːrə/) is a compact C-segment family car, produced by the French automaker PSA Peugeot Citroën, under their Citroën marque, from 1997 to 2006. The Xsara was a development of the Citroën ZX and Peugeot 306, which shared a platform and running gear.

It came in three and five door hatchback (notchback) and five door estate body styles; the estate was marketed as the Break and the three door as the Coupé. The styling shared cues with the larger Bertone designed Xantia, but was regarded as bland by the motoring press.

The straight four engine range includes 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 litre petrol engines as well as 1.4, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 litre naturally aspirated and turbocharged diesels. In some countries, such as Portugal, the 1.5 litre TUD5 diesel engine was also available. The Xsara was 1998 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland.
USS Luiseno
USS Luiseno (ATF-156) was an Abnaki-class fleet ocean tug built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after the Luiseño peoples (the southernmost division of the Shoshone Indians of California, who received their name from Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, the most important Spanish mission in their territory), she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Transferred to the Argentine Navy in 1975, the ship remained in service as ARA Francisco de Gurruchaga (A-3) until October 2024 when she was decommissioned and sunk as part of a naval training exercise.

Abnaki-class tugboat
The Abnaki-class tug is a class of United States Navy fleet ocean tugs which began construction in November 1942. Comprising 35 oceangoing tugboats, the class was constructed in response to the needs of World War II, but members of the class served in the Korean War and Vietnam War as well. The United States Navy no longer has any ships of this class in active duty.
Andrew Hopewell Hepburn
Andrew Hopwell Hepburn (March 6, 1880 – February 28, 1967) was an American architect and professor. Hepburn was a founding partner of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn, now Perry Dean Rogers Architects in Boston, Massachusetts. He is best known for designing buildings and developing the master plan to restore Colonial Williamsburg in Williamburg, Virginia. Several of his projects are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
37°16′27.3″N 76°42′7.6″W﻿ / ﻿37.274250°N 76.702111°W﻿ / 37.274250; -76.702111

The Governor's Palace in Williamsburg, Virginia, was the official residence of the royal governors of the Colony of Virginia. It was also a home for two of Virginia's post-colonial governors, Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, until the capital was moved to Richmond in 1780, and with it the governor's residence. The main house burned down in 1781, though the outbuildings survived for some time after.

The Governor's Palace was reconstructed in the 1930s on its original site. It is one of the two largest buildings at Colonial Williamsburg, the other being the Capitol.
Chippenham Park F.C.
Chippenham Park Football Club was a football club based in Chippenham, Wiltshire, England, between 2012 and 2019. They were members of the Wiltshire League and Western League, and played at Hardenhuish Park.

Chippenham
Chippenham is a market town and civil parish in north-west Wiltshire, England. It lies 13 miles (21 km) north-east of Bath, 86 miles (138 km) west of London and is near the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town was established on a crossing of the River Avon, where some form of settlement is believed to have existed since before Roman times. It was a royal vill and probably a royal hunting lodge, under Alfred the Great. The town continued to grow when the Great Western Railway arrived in 1841. In 2021 the parish had a population of 36,548.
Prism Rail
Prism Rail was a British passenger rail company formed in July 1995 to bid for rail franchises in the United Kingdom during the privatisation of British Rail. It expressed interest in eighteen franchises, was shortlisted for twelve and was ultimately awarded four, LTS Rail, Valley Lines, Wales & West, and West Anglia Great Northern.

Director of Passenger Rail Franchising
The Director of Passenger Rail Franchising was a statutory office holder in the United Kingdom created in 1993 by the Railways Act 1993 and usually called the Franchising Director. The role lasted from 5 November 1993 until 31 January 2001. The Franchising Director was in charge of an executive agency called the Office of Passenger Rail Franchising (OPRAF). It was superseded by the Strategic Rail Authority.
Philippe La Beaume de Bourgoing
Philippe La Beaume de Bourgoing (1827–1882) was a French politician. He was the Grand Squire of France to Napoleon III, later serving as Inspector of the Haras Service before being elected five times as the Député for Nièvre in the French Parliament. Stemming from a noble family from the Nièvre, he became a Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1858, promoted to an officer in 1862.

His daughter Inès de Bourgoing gained fame as a pioneering nurse in Morocco.

The Baron died in Paris on 20 April 1882.

Nièvre
Nièvre (French: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, central-east France. Named after the river Nièvre, it had a population of 204,452 in 2019. Its prefecture is Nevers.

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: Yonne to the north, Côte-d'Or to the east, Saône-et-Loire to the southeast, Allier to the south, Cher to the west and Loiret to the northwest.
Bermuda Bowl
The Bermuda Bowl is a biennial contract bridge world championship for national teams. It is contested every odd-numbered year under the auspices of the World Bridge Federation (WBF), alongside the Venice Cup (women), the d'Orsi Senior Bowl and the Wuhan Cup (mixed). Entries formally represent WBF zones as well as nations, so it is also known as the World Zonal Open Team Championship. It is the oldest event that confers the title of world champion in bridge, and was first contested in 1950. The Bermuda Bowl trophy is awarded to the winning team, and is named for the site of the inaugural tournament, the Atlantic archipelago of Bermuda.

The term Bermuda Bowl is sometimes used for the entire two-week event, comprising the four zonal teams and one or more concurrent lesser tournaments.

Marrakesh, Morocco hosted the latest contest in August–September 2023, where Switzerland won the title.

American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are:

sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events

certifying bridge teachers and club directors

conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC)

providing education materials and services

administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance

providing oversight for ethical behavior and play

representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation.

As of 2025, it had more than 130,000 members.
Oxyporus similis
Oxyporus similis is a species of fungus in the Schizoporaceae family. A plant pathogen, it is found in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, where it grows on the trunks of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). It also affects peach and nectarines.

Schizoporaceae
Schizoporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. These are saprobic, and cause white rots of standing and fallen wood of coniferous and broadleaved trees. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 14 genera and 109 species.
Stanford Sleepiness Scale
The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), developed by William C. Dement and colleagues in 1972, is a one-item self-report questionnaire measuring levels of sleepiness throughout the day. The scale has been validated for adult populations and is generally used to track overall alertness at each hour of the day. The SSS is used in both research and clinical settings to assess the level of intervention or effectiveness of a specific treatment in order to compare a client's progress.

Reliability (statistics)
In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions:

It is the characteristic of a set of test scores that relates to the amount of random error from the measurement process that might be embedded in the scores. Scores that are highly reliable are precise, reproducible, and consistent from one testing occasion to another. That is, if the testing process were repeated with a group of test takers, essentially the same results would be obtained. Various kinds of reliability coefficients, with values ranging between 0.00 (much error) and 1.00 (no error), are usually used to indicate the amount of error in the scores.

For example, measurements of people's height and weight are often extremely reliable.
Alfred Schimek
Alfred F. Schimek (1897–1980) was an architect active in Illinois and South Florida during the early and mid-20th century. He was responsible for notable projects in each region over the course of his career spanning five decades and is known primarily for his residential architecture work. His designs are associated mostly with updated interpretations of traditional European styles, such as Mediterranean Revival, though he also designed in the contemporary Bauhaus-influenced Modernist Art Deco style. Schimek also served in the board leadership of organizations in each region including the Illinois Society of Architects and the Greater Miami Civic Theater. As an inventor Schimek filed US patents for spring suspension systems and original door mounting designs.

Architectural Record
Architectural Record is a US-based monthly magazine dedicated to architecture and interior design. Its editor in chief is Josephine Minutillo. The Record, as it is sometimes colloquially referred to, is widely-recognized as an important historical record of the unfolding debates in architectural practice, history and criticism in the 20th-century United States. The magazine is currently published by BNP Media. Throughout its 133 years in print, Architectural Record has engaged readership among architecture, engineering, and design professionals through articles showcasing noteworthy architectural projects around the world. News, commentary, criticism, and continuing-education sections outline the scope of content. Of note are the glossy, high-quality photos of featured projects, which give the magazine wider readership outside of just those working in the design professions.
Long-billed thrasher
The long-billed thrasher (Toxostoma longirostre) is a medium-sized resident songbird of South Texas and eastern Mexico.  It bears a strong resemblance to its close relative the brown thrasher in appearance, calls, and various other behaviors; however, the two species do not overlap in range except in the winter when the brown thrasher will temporarily reside in the northern range of the long-billed.

The bird is a large sized mimid that is not especially wary, but it will take precautionary measures to prevent itself from being potential prey. Like other thrashers, it is named after its sweeping methods when searching for food, not for thrashing predators, although they are aggressive defenders of their territories.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.