hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick Stewart (Australian politician)
Sir Frederick Harold Stewart (14 August 1884 – 30 June 1961) was an Australian businessman, politician and government minister. His continuing political commitment was to the establishment of a national insurance scheme and the shortening of working hours to improve social conditions during the Great Depression, despite the opposition of his own party.

Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed in February 1917 from a merger between the Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was established as a 'united' non-Labor opposition that had remained a political trend once the Labor party established itself in federal politics. The party  was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia.
2024 Carlos Alcaraz tennis season
The 2024 Carlos Alcaraz tennis season officially began on 14 January 2024, with the start of the Australian Open in Melbourne. Carlos Alcaraz
won his first Roland-Garros title and his second Wimbledon title, in total his third and fourth major titles.

Alcaraz's 2024 season was featured in Carlos Alcaraz: My Way, a docuseries released on Netflix in 2025.

During this season, Alcaraz:

Won his first French Open title (third major title overall)

Won his second Wimbledon title (fourth major title overall)

Became the youngest player to win the Channel Slam

Became the first player in Open Era history to win his first three majors on three different surfaces

Won his fifth Masters 1000 title

Became the youngest Olympic finalist in men's singles

Became the first man ever to win ATP 500 tournaments on all three surfaces

Recorded his 200th career victory, becoming the second-fastest man in Open Era history to do so

Tomáš Macháč
Tomáš Macháč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈmaxaːtʃ]; born 13 October 2000) is a Czech professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 20 achieved on 3 March 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 46 reached on 30 September 2024. He is the current No. 3 singles player from Czechia.

His biggest achievement is a gold medal in mixed doubles at the 2024 Paris Olympics, with Kateřina Siniaková. He has won three ATP Tour titles, two in singles and one in doubles.

Macháč represents Czechia at the Davis Cup.
Hanley High School, Stoke-on-Trent
Hanley High School founded in 1894 was originally a co-educational grammar school based in the centre of Stoke on Trent. In 1938, the girls moved to Thistley Hough High School for Girls, and, due to subsidence making the school buildings unsafe, the boys' school moved to new premises in Bucknall in 1953.

Dennis Wilshaw
Dennis James Wilshaw (11 March 1926 – 10 May 2004) was an English international footballer. A forward, he scored 173 goals in 380 appearances in the Football League, and also scored ten goals in twelve appearances for the England national team (including one goal in the 1954 FIFA World Cup and four goals against Scotland at Wembley). He spent 13 years with Wolverhampton Wanderers from 1944 to 1957, where he won the First Division title in 1953–54. He spent 1946 to 1948 on loan at Walsall, and ended his career after playing for Stoke City between 1957 and 1961.
Culpeper's Rebellion
Culpeper's Rebellion was a popular uprising in 1677 provoked by the enforcement of the Navigation Acts. It was led by settler John Culpeper against the ruling Lords Proprietor in Albemarle County, Carolina, near what is now Elizabeth City, North Carolina.  The uprising met with only limited success, but Culpeper himself was acquitted of rebellion and became a hero, and the Lords Proprietor subsequently made efforts to strengthen the colony's government.

Province of Carolina
The Province of Carolina was a colony of the Kingdom of England (1663–1707) and later the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1712) that existed in North America from 1663 until the Carolinas were partitioned into North and South in 1712. However, the two parts did not become separate and administrative royal colonies until 1729.

The original North American Carolina province of 1663 consisted of all or parts of present-day Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.
Pio Quinto
Pio Quinto is a Nicaraguan dessert consisting of cake drenched in rum, topped with a custard, and dusted with cinnamon.  Some recipes also include rum soaked prunes or raisins.  Pio Quinto is eaten after meals or during Christmas time. The cake is believed to have been named after Pope Pius V, but the connection is unknown.

Nicaraguan cuisine
Nicaraguan cuisine includes a mixture of Mesoamerican, Chibcha, Spanish, Caribbean, and African cuisine. Despite the blending and incorporation of pre-Columbian, Spanish and African influences, traditional cuisine differs from the western half of Nicaragua to the eastern half. Western Nicaraguan cuisine revolves around the Mesoamerican diet of the Chorotega and Nicarao people such as maize, tomatoes, avocados, turkey, squash, beans, chili, and chocolate, in addition to potatoes which were cultivated by the Chibcha people originating from South America and introduced meats like pork and chicken. Eastern Nicaraguan cuisine consists mostly of seafood and coconut.
The national dish of Nicaragua is gallo pinto.
Jon Gooch
Jonathan Barry Gooch (born 22 August 1984 in Hertfordshire, England), more commonly known by his stage names Feed Me, Spor and seventh stitch, is a British drum and bass, dubstep and electro house producer and DJ. He is currently managed by Three Six Zero Group.

Noisia
Noisia (/ˈnɔɪziə/) was a Dutch electronic music trio from Groningen. The trio was composed of Nik Roos, Martijn van Sonderen, and Thijs de Vlieger. Their music spanned several genres, including drum and bass, dubstep, breakbeat, and house. They released music on labels such as Skrillex's Owsla, deadmau5's mau5trap, and Jay-Z's Roc Nation. Noisia collaborated with Foreign Beggars on the supergroup project I Am Legion, releasing a self-titled album on 2 September 2013. They also worked under the pseudonym Nightwatch, contributing to projects with artists like Alexis Jordan, Hadouken!, Wiley, and Wretch 32. Their production work on Hadouken!'s album, For the Masses, resulted in a number 19 placement on the UK Albums Chart.

Noisia also created music for video games; including the soundtrack for DmC: Devil May Cry, a Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Music Kit in 2014, and the original soundtrack for the game, Armajet.
Oliver J. Olson & Company
Oliver J. Olson & Company was a shipping company founded by Oliver John Olson in 1930 in San Francisco, California. Oliver John Olson started in the lumber trade.  Oliver John Olson entered into a lumber partnership with Andrew F. Mahony in San Francisco in 1908. Oliver John Olson was president of the Olson-Mahony Lumber Company.  Oliver John Olson was born in San Francisco on January 20, 1872.

Japanese submarine I-8
I-8 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Junsen III (or J3)-type submarine commissioned in 1938 that served during World War II. Designed as submarine aircraft carriers, I-8 and her sister ship I-7 were the largest Japanese submarines to be completed before the outbreak of the war in the Pacific in 1941. With embarked floatplanes, I-8 participated in operations related to the attack on Pearl Harbor, patrolled off the United States West Coast, and took part in the Guadalcanal campaign and the Okinawa campaign.

In 1943, I-8 completed a technology exchange mission with a voyage to German-occupied France and back to Japan, the only submarine to complete a round-trip voyage between Japan and Europe during World War II. Under a new commanding officer in 1944, her crew committed war crimes during anti-shipping operations in the Indian Ocean. She was sunk in 1945.
WMPX (AM)
WMPX (1490 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Midland, Michigan broadcasting a classic hits format, simulcasting WMRX-FM 97.7 Beaverton. The station is imaged as "Sunny 97.7/107.7", with 107.7 being the frequency of translator W299CK Midland. Until January 2014, the station featured the America's Best Music format distributed by Westwood One.

Until March 1, 2019, WMPX was simulcast with WMRX-FM 97.7 24/7 except for some local sports play-by-play. Although there are other radio stations licensed to Midland, WMPX is today the only commercial radio station that primarily serves the Midland area (WUGN is a non-commercial religious station and WKQZ is licensed to Midland but has studios in Saginaw).

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Pleximeter
A Pleximeter is a device used in medical percussion, as part of a clinical examination, to absorb the energy generated by the strike from the plexor.

During percussion the middle finger of examiner's hand is routinely used as pleximeter. The finger of the examiner's left hand  is firmly applied to the chest wall so as to displace any air between it and the chest wall and the plexor strikes on the middle phalanx of the pleximeter. It can also be an instrument made of wood, ivory, or other hard substances.

Physical examination
In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally consists of a series of questions about the patient's medical history followed by an examination based on the reported symptoms. Together, the medical history and the physical examination help to determine a diagnosis and devise the treatment plan. These data then become part of the medical record.
Miku Itō
Miku Itō (伊藤 美来, Itō Miku; born October 12, 1996) is a Japanese voice actress and singer affiliated with Voice Kit. Her major voice roles include Nanako Usami in Locodol, Ann Akagi in Action Heroine Cheer Fruits, Kokoro Tsurumaki in BanG Dream!, Miku Nakano in The Quintessential Quintuplets, and Hougetsu Shimamura in Adachi and Shimamura.

She joined StylipS on April 28, 2013, along with Style Cube Kenshuusei client Moe Toyota. She is also a member of Pyxis with Toyota. Itō's hobbies and preferences are related to Super Sentai and Kamen Rider.

The Idolmaster Million Live!
The Idolmaster Million Live (Japanese: アイドルマスター ミリオンライブ！, Hepburn: Aidorumasutā Mirion Raibu!; officially stylized as THE iDOLM@STER MILLION LIVE!) is a Japanese multimedia spin-off series of The Idolmaster, starting with the game of the same name. The series follows a new group of idols working alongside the idols of 765 Production with a producer at the 765 Live Theater.

The original game is a Japanese idol raising simulation video game developed and managed by Bandai Namco Entertainment released on the GREE social network platform February 27, 2013, for Android and iOS platforms and for feature phones. A rhythm game titled Idolmaster Million Live! Theater Days was released on June 29, 2017. The original game ended service on March 18, 2018, leaving Theater Days as the main game centered on Million Live. An anime television series adaptation by Shirogumi aired in October 2023.
Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour
Jean-Baptiste Henri de Trousset, lord of Valincour or Valincourt (1 March 1653, Paris – 4 January 1730) was a French admiral and man of letters.  He was a friend of chancellor d'Aguesseau, Racine (who he replaced at Académie française and as official historiographer to Louis XIV) and Boileau (Valincour was the dedicatee of Boileau's eleventh satire, "On true and false honour", and also completed the publication of Boileau's works in 1713).

Jean Racine
Jean-Baptiste Racine (/ræˈsiːn/ rass-EEN, US also /rəˈsiːn/ rə-SEEN; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʁasin]; 22 December 1639 – 21 April 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France, along with Molière and Corneille, as well as an important literary figure in the Western tradition and world literature. Racine was primarily a tragedian, producing such "examples of neoclassical perfection" as Phèdre, Andromaque, and Athalie. He did write one comedy, Les Plaideurs, and a muted tragedy, Esther, for the young.

Racine's plays displayed his mastery of the dodecasyllabic (12 syllable) French alexandrine. His writing is renowned for its elegance, purity, speed, and fury, and for what American poet Robert Lowell described as a "diamond-edge", and the "glory of its hard, electric rage". Racine's dramaturgy is marked by his psychological insight, the prevailing passion of his characters, and the nakedness of both plot and stage.
Riding pony
Riding pony is a horse show classification used to refer to certain types of ponies. Competition is divided into sections based on height and type, and include being judged under saddle in standard pleasure horse classes, as well as in related events such as sidesaddle or in-hand.

Riding ponies were originally developed in the United Kingdom and are now bred all over the world.  Generally speaking, where the term "riding pony" is used in a competition schedule it is accepted as referring to ponies shown under saddle on the flat, as hunter ponies and driving ponies have separate classes.

Pony
A pony is a type of small horse, usually under a specific height at full maturity. Ponies often have thicker coats, manes and tails, compared to larger horses, and proportionally shorter legs, wider barrels, heavier bone, thicker necks and shorter heads. In modern use, breed registries and horse shows may define a pony as measuring at the withers below a certain height; height limits varying from about 142 cm (14.0 h) to 150 cm (14.3 h). Some distinguish between horse or pony based on its breed or phenotype, regardless of its height. The word pony derives from the old French poulenet, a diminutive of poulain meaning foal, a young, immature horse.: 1041  A full-sized horse may sometimes be called a pony as a term of endearment.
HMIS Indus
HMIS Indus was a Grimsby-class sloop of the Royal Indian Navy launched in 1934 and sunk during the Second World War in 1942. She was a slightly enlarged version of other vessels in the Grimsby class. She was named after the Indus River. Indus served mainly as an escort vessel, and she was therefore lightly armed. Her pennant number was changed to U67 in 1940.

HMIS Sutlej
HMIS Sutlej (U95) was a modified Bittern-class sloop, later known as the Black Swan class, which served in the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during World War II.

After India became a republic on 26 January 1950, the vessel was renamed as the Indian Navy's INS Sutlej.
RNLB Aguila Wren
RNLB Aguila Wren (ON 892) is a retired Liverpool-class lifeboat of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. She is currently being restored to her original RNLI condition, with work expected to be complete in 2017 or 2018. Aguila Wren was built as a memorial to 22 members of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) who were killed when their transport ship to Gibraltar, the Yeoward Line ship Aguila, was sunk by German submarine U-201 in the North Atlantic in 1941.

Liverpool-class lifeboat
The Liverpool-class motor lifeboat was a non-self-righting lifeboat operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) from its stations around the coast of the United Kingdom and Ireland. The boats were designed for carriage launching and were developed from the Liverpool-Class Pulling and Sailing type  of lifeboats. There were two types built, single and twin engined.
Changtai Yangtze River Bridge
The Changtai Yangtze River Bridge (Chinese: 常泰长江大桥 is a cable-stayed bridge that connects the cities of Changzhou and Taizhou, in Jiangsu province, China, it crosses the Yangtze river between the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge upstream and the Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge downstream.

When it opened, it became the longest cable-stayed bridge with a 1,176-metre (3,858 ft) main span and the tallest bridge structure in the world with a height of 352 metres (1,155 ft).

Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge
The Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge (Chinese: 江阴长江大桥) is a suspension bridge over the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, China. The bridge has a main span of 1,385 metres (4,544 ft) connects Jiangyin south of the river to Jingjiang to the north.  When the bridge was completed in 1999, it was the fourth longest suspension bridge span in the world and the longest in China. Several longer bridges have since been completed in China and abroad, and it is currently the 15th longest suspension bridge in the world.  The bridge was also the furthest downstream on the Yangtze until the completion of the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge in 2008 and the Chongming–Qidong Yangtze River Bridge in 2011.
Illinois Route 121
Illinois Route 121 (IL 121) is a 109.48-mile-long (176.19 km) major state highway in the central part of the U.S. state of Illinois. Although it travels from northwest to southeast, it is marked as a north–south highway. It travels from IL 130 in Greenup (very near U.S. Route 40) to Interstate 55 (I-55) in Lincoln at the interchange of I-55 and IL 10.

U.S. Route 40 in Illinois
U.S. Route 40 (US 40) runs east–west across south central Illinois for 159.8 miles (257.2 km). US 40 enters the state from Missouri across the Poplar Street Bridge over the Mississippi River at East St. Louis concurrent with Interstate 55 (I-55) and I-64 and exits just south of State Line, Indiana, running concurrently with I-70. For the majority of its route through Illinois, US 40 follows the National Road, including the route's initial western terminus at Vandalia.

For nearly its entire route, US 40 is two-lane and rural, with the exception of portions in and around major towns and cities. For its entire length, US 40 closely aligns with I-70. Not only does the route intersect with the Interstate six times, but also has three concurrencies with the highway; both highways exit into Indiana on the same road.
30th Dáil
The 30th Dáil was elected at the 2007 general election on 24 May 2007 and met on 14 June 2007. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 23rd Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

The 30th Dáil lasted 3 years, 232 days, and saw a change of Taoiseach from Bertie Ahern to Brian Cowen. The 30th Dáil was dissolved by President Mary McAleese on 1 February 2011, at the request of the Taoiseach Brian Cowen.

Séamus Kirk
Séamus Kirk (born 26 April 1945) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 2009 to 2011 and a Minister of State from 1987 to 1992. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Louth constituency from 1982 to 2016.
Coniocarpon fallax
Coniocarpon fallax is a species of crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It forms a thin, pale grey-brown crust on the bark of deciduous trees and is recognised by its small, often star-shaped fruiting bodies with distinctive orange-red margins and dark centres. The species grows in humid forests with mild, oceanic climates and is considered rare throughout its range in Europe and the parts of Asia where it has been recorded. Originally described by Erik Acharius in 1803 as Spiloma fallax, it was transferred to the genus Coniocarpon in 2014 following molecular phylogenetic studies that restructured the classification of the Arthoniaceae.

Arthoniaceae
The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in Arthonia which is the largest genus with 500 species. The second and third largest genus is Arthothelium with 80 species, and Cryptothecia with 60 species.
Quadratic assignment problem
The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in the branch of optimization or operations research in mathematics, from the category of the facilities location problems first introduced by Koopmans and Beckmann.

The problem models the following real-life problem:

There are a set of n facilities and a set of n locations. For each pair of locations, a distance is specified and for each pair of facilities a weight or flow is specified (e.g., the amount of supplies transported between the two facilities). The problem is to assign all facilities to different locations with the goal of minimizing the sum of the distances multiplied by the corresponding flows.

Intuitively, the cost function encourages facilities with high flows between each other to be placed close together.

The problem statement resembles that of the assignment problem, except that the cost function is expressed in terms of quadratic inequalities, hence the name.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher
Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ fiʁmɛ̃ malɛʁ]; 29 June 1761 – 13 March 1808) joined the army of the First French Republic and fought in the French Revolutionary Wars.  During the Napoleonic Wars he rose in rank to command a division. He was accidentally killed in 1808 while on campaign in Spain. His surname is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
The following is a list of the 660 names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Most of them represent generals who served during the French First Republic (1792–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). Underlined names signify those killed in action. Additionally, the names of specific armies are listed, grouped together by the four compass facades of the arch: North (northern France, lower Rhine, Netherlands), East (Central Europe, Switzerland, Italy), South (Mediterranean Europe, Egypt, southern France) and West (Pyrenees, western France, notable units).

Related list: Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe.

Northern pillar  Armies of northern France, the lower Rhine and the Netherlands.

Eastern pillar  Armies of Central Europe, Switzerland and Italy.

Southern pillar  Armies of Mediterranean Europe, Egypt and southern France.

Western pillar  Armies of the Pyrenees, western France and notable units.