hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hypoelliptic operator
In the theory of partial differential equations, a partial differential operator  defined on an open subset

is called hypoelliptic if for every distribution  defined on an open subset   such that  is  (smooth),  must also be .

If this assertion holds with  replaced by real-analytic, then  is said to be analytically hypoelliptic.

Every elliptic operator with  coefficients is hypoelliptic. In particular, the Laplacian is an example of a hypoelliptic operator (the Laplacian is also analytically hypoelliptic). In addition, the operator for the heat equation ()

(where ) is hypoelliptic but not elliptic. However, the operator for the wave equation ()

(where ) is not hypoelliptic.

Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.
Dacian language
Dacian (/ˈdeɪʃən/) is an extinct language generally believed to be a member of the Indo-European language family that was spoken in the ancient region of Dacia.

The Dacian language is poorly documented. Unlike Phrygian, which is documented by c. 200 inscriptions, only one Dacian inscription is believed to have survived. The Dacian names for a number of medicinal plants and herbs may survive in ancient literary texts, including about 60 plant-names in Dioscorides. About 1,150 personal names and 900 toponyms may also be of Dacian origin. Of about 100 Dacian words reconstructed through 20th century comparative linguistics techniques, only 20–25 had achieved wide acceptance by 1982.

Moesia
Moesia (/ˈmiːʃə, -siə, -ʒə/; Latin: Moesia; Greek: Μοισία, romanized: Moisía) was a Roman province situated in the Haemus  Peninsula, south of the Danube River. Created after the Danubian-Hæmus conquest during the reign of Augustus, Moesia included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior).
Utricularia sect. Phyllaria
Utricularia sect. Phyllaria is a section in the genus Utricularia. The sixteen species in this section are small or very small lithophytic or epiphytic carnivorous plants native to the mountains of Asia, ranging from India to China and New Guinea. One species, Utricularia striatula, is an exception and is widespread in much of the Old World tropics. Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz originally described and published this section as Utricularia subg. Phyllaria in 1874. Franciszek Kamieński reviewed the genus in 1891 and reduced Kunz's subgenus to a section. Later botanists, including Peter Taylor, agreed with Kamieński's assessment. In Taylor's 1986 revision of the genus, he placed this section in subgenus Utricularia. Later molecular data resulted in the revision of Taylor's treatment, reinstating subgenus Bivalvaria and placing this section within it.

Utricularia striatula
Utricularia striatula is a small carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. It is widespread from tropical Africa to New Guinea. U. striatula grows as a lithophyte or epiphyte on wet rocks or tree trunks at altitudes from near sea level to 3,300 m (10,827 ft). It was originally described by James Edward Smith in 1819.
2003–04 Australia Tri-Series
The 2003–04 VB-Series was a cricket tri-series involving touring nations India and Zimbabwe and hosts Australia. Australia won the tournament, who lost one match in the group stage, by defeating India in the 2-match final. Adam Gilchrist was named Man of the Series for his 498 runs at an average of 62.25.

Australian Tri-Series
The Australian Tri-Series was an annual one day international (ODI) cricket tournament held in Australia, and contested by Australia and two touring teams.

The series was the primary format for international one-day cricket throughout most of the early history of ODI cricket in Australia, staged during the height of the Australian cricket season, in the summer months of December, January and February. The tri-series was first held in 1979–80 and was contested every season until 2007–08. It has since been held only twice since 2007–08, and ODI cricket has since been played as bilateral ODI series against a single touring opponent.
Pirate radio in Asia
Pirate radio stations have operated in various countries of Asia, often putting over political or nationalist points of view. Offshore stations have attempted to reach China or overseas Chinese residents. Citizens' Radio is an unlicensed Hong Kong pro-democracy station. In Taiwan, what are known as "underground radio" stations have broadcast both pro- and anti-government opinions. Large numbers of unlicensed stations have functioned in the Philippines, of which 107.9 U-Radio (2006–2013) is among the best known. Finally, Radio First Termer was briefly operated by and for U.S. troops in Vietnam in 1971.

Order to show cause
An order to show cause is a court order that requires one or more of the parties to a case to justify, explain, or prove something to the court.  It describes an alleged offence and requests that the recipient provides an explanation.
Neuenwalde Convent
The Neuenwalde Convent (N. Low Saxon: Klooster Niewohl, German: Kloster Neuenwalde; Latin: Conventus Sanct[a]e Crucis) is a Lutheran damsels' convent in Neuenwalde, a locality of Geestland, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Since 1683 the convent is owned by the corporation of the Bremian Knighthood and used for Lutheran conventuals and continues to function as such today. It is the only convent preserved in the Elbe-Weser triangle out of a former sample of 14 monasteries. The convent was established as a Roman Catholic nunnery in 1219, and was recorded in 1282 for pursuing the Benedictine observance. The convent relocated twice in 1282 and 1334.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
1986 Firecracker 400
The 1986 Firecracker 400 was the 15th stock car race of the 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 28th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, July 4, 1986, before an audience of 65,000 in Daytona Beach, Florida at Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) permanent triangular-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 160 laps to complete.

With eight laps left in the race, Dale Earnhardt blew an engine in front of the leader, Buddy Baker. Although Baker was able to avoid the wreck, in the race back to the line, Hendrick Motorsports' Tim Richmond was able to take the lead at the time of caution. On the final restart with three laps left, Richmond was able to hold off the field, securing his seventh career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his second victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Ellington Racing's Sterling Marlin and Stavola Brothers Racing's Bobby Hillin Jr. finished second and third, respectively.

1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 38th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 15th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on February 16 and ended November 16. Dale Earnhardt of RCR Enterprises won his second championship this year.
Matthew Stadler
Matthew Stadler (born 1959) is an American author who has written six novels and received several awards. Stadler has compiled four anthologies about literature, city life and public life. His essays, which have been published in magazines and museum catalogs, focus on architecture, urban planning and sprawl.

"Sprawl is the disappearance of an idea", Stadler wrote in the annotated reader Where We Live Now. "So how can we go on speaking of the city and the country, yet not remain fixed in the downward spiral of loss?" Stadler's essays and larger projects explore this question by looking for better language and new descriptions. While there is significant overlap, Stadler's work can usefully be broken down into three areas: novels; sprawl and urbanism; publishing and public space.

Lawrence Rinder
Lawrence R. Rinder is a contemporary art curator and museum director. He directed the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA) from 2008 to 2020. Since 2014, Rinder has been a board member and advisor of Kadist.
Kushk Talkh-e Darghak
Kushk Talkh-e Darghak (Persian: كوشك تلخ درغك, also Romanized as Kūshk Talkh-e Darghak; also known as Kūshk) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 12 families.

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ غربي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Esfandan.
Gesomyrmex
Gesomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus contains six extant species, known from the Indomalayan realm, and nine fossil species. Of the extant species, four are known only from workers (G. chaperi, G. howardi, G. kalshoveni and G. spatulatus) and two only from females (G. luzonensis and G. tobiasi).  The extinct species "G. expectans" and 
"Gesomyrmex miegi", formerly placed in the genus, were excluded by Dlussky et al.., 2009.

The living species are arboreal typically building nests in the twigs of trees.

Formicinae
The Formicinae are a subfamily within the Formicidae family containing ants of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features, such as the presence of cocoons around pupae, the presence of ocelli in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antennal segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandibles is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras and Polyergus. However, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding hemipterans. Finally, all formicines have very reduced stings and enlarged venom reservoirs, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid.

All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented petiole in the form of a vertical scale".
The Sand Reckoner
The Sand Reckoner (Greek: Ψαμμίτης, Psammites) is a work by Archimedes, an Ancient Greek mathematician of the 3rd century BC, in which he set out to determine an upper bound for the number of grains of sand that fit into the universe. In order to do this, Archimedes had to estimate the size of the universe according to the contemporary model, and invent a way to talk about extremely large numbers.

The work, also known in Latin as Arenarius, is about eight pages long in translation and is addressed to the Syracusan king Gelo II (son of Hiero II). It is considered the most accessible work of Archimedes.

Ancient Greek units of measurement
Ancient Greek units of measurement varied according to location and epoch. Systems of ancient weights and measures evolved as needs changed; Solon and other lawgivers also reformed them en bloc. Some units of measurement were found to be convenient for trade within the Mediterranean region and these units became increasingly common to different city states. The calibration and use of measuring devices became more sophisticated. By about 500 BC, Athens had a central depository of official weights and measures, the Tholos, where merchants were required to test their measuring devices against official standards.
Western Shoshone traditional narratives
Western Shoshone traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Western Shoshone people of eastern California and western Nevada.

Western Shoshone oral literature shares many of its narratives with the Western Shoshone's Numic kinsmen in the Great Basin, the Mono, Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute, and Kawaiisu. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)

Western Shoshone
Western Shoshone comprise several Shoshone tribes that are indigenous to the Great Basin and have lands identified in the Treaty of Ruby Valley 1863. They resided in Idaho, Nevada, California, and Utah. The tribes are very closely related culturally to the Paiute, Goshute, Bannock, Ute, and Timbisha tribes.

They speak the Western dialect of the Shoshone language.  Other Shoshone-speaking groups include the Goshute (Utah-Nevada border), Northern Shoshone (southern Idaho), and Eastern Shoshone (western Wyoming).
Order of the Fatherland (Belarus)
The Order of the Fatherland (Belarusian: Ордэн Айчыны, Russian: Орден Отечества) is the highest order of the Republic of Belarus. Established by Resolution of the Supreme Council of Belarus No. 3726-XII of April 13, 1995. The highest degree of the Order of the Fatherland is I degree.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Belarus
Awards and decorations of Belarus are governed by the Law of the Republic of Belarus on State Awards of 18 May 2004.

The highest award is the title of the Hero of Belarus. The law also specifies orders, medals and honorary titles of Belarus.
Sandstad
Sandstad is a village in Hitra Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the Trondheimsleia on the southeastern coast of the island of Hitra, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the village of Hestvika. The north entrance to the Hitra Tunnel lies just south of the village of Sandstad. The Terningen lighthouse lies in the Trondheimsleia, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the village. Sandstad Church is located here.

The 0.36-square-kilometre (89-acre) village has a population (2024) of 207 and a population density of 575 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,490/sq mi).

Trondheimsleia
The Trondheimsleia is a strait in Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag counties in Norway. The 94-kilometre (58 mi) long strait runs between the islands of Smøla and Hitra and the mainland municipalities of Aure, Heim, and Orkland. The strait has several fjords which branch off it including the Ramsøyfjorden, Hemnfjorden, and Trondheimsfjorden. The islands of Leksa are located in the Trondheimsleia in Orkland Municipality. The Hitra Tunnel is a road tunnel underneath the Trondheimsleia connecting the island of Hitra to the mainland.
Kruckow
Kruckow (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁʊkoː]) is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It consists of the former municipalities of Borgwall, Heydenhof, Kartlow, Kruckow, Marienfelde, Schmarsow, Tutow-Dorf and Unnode. The municipality offers some important landmarks, such as the Renaissance/baroque Schmarsow Castle, the Neo Gothic Kartlow Castle, the ruin of Osten Castle or the Peter Joseph Lenné garden in Kruckow.

Vorpommern-Greifswald
Vorpommern-Greifswald is a district in the east of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte and Vorpommern-Rügen, the Baltic Sea, Poland (West Pomeranian Voivodeship) and the state of Brandenburg. The district seat is the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald. A lake called Berliner See is found in the district.
Church Lawton
Church Lawton is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and in the ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. Its eastern boundary forms part of the county boundary between Cheshire and Staffordshire. As the village is near Stoke-on-Trent, it has a Stoke postcode. In addition to ribbon development connecting Kidsgrove (in Staffordshire) with Scholar Green (in Odd Rode parish), the parish also contains the hamlets of Lawton Gate, Lawton Heath and Lawton Heath End, and the Lawton Hall estate. According to the 2001 census, the population of the entire parish was 2,201.

Astbury, Cheshire
Astbury is a village in Cheshire East, Cheshire, England. It lies 1.1 miles (1.8 km) south-west of the town of Congleton on the A34 road, which forms one side of the village green. The parish of Astbury historically covered a large area, also including Congleton and several surrounding hamlets. It was subdivided into smaller civil parishes in 1866, with the civil parish covering the village of Astbury taking the name Newbold Astbury.
Curley Johnson
John Curley Johnson  (July 2, 1935 – June 12, 2016) was an American football punter who played in the American Football League (AFL) for the Dallas Texans and the New York Titans / Jets.  He was part of the Jets team that won Super Bowl III.  He also played one season for the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Giants.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Albany Creek Excelsior FC
Moreton City Excelsior FC Reserves (formerly Albany Creek Excelsior FC) is an Australian football (soccer) club from Albany Creek, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.  The club was formed in 1963, and currently play in Brisbane Premier League.

2019 in Queensland soccer
The 2019 Football Queensland season was the seventh season since NPL Queensland commenced as the top tier of Queensland men’s football. This season was also the second season of the Football Queensland Premier League which occupied the second tier in Queensland men’s football in 2019.

Below NPL Queensland and the FQPL was a regional structure of ten zones with their own leagues. The strongest of the zones was Football Brisbane with its senior men’s competition consisting of four divisions.

The NPL Queensland premiers qualified for the National Premier Leagues finals series, competing with the other state federation champions in a final knockout tournament to decide the National Premier Leagues Champion for 2019.
Causation in English law
Causation in English law concerns the legal tests of remoteness, causation and foreseeability in the tort of negligence. It is also relevant for English criminal law and English contract law.

In the English law of negligence, causation proves a direct link between the defendant’s negligence and the claimant’s loss and damage. For these purposes, liability in negligence is established when there is a breach of the duty of care owed by the defendant to the claimant that causes loss and damage, and it is reasonable that the defendant should compensate the claimant for that loss and damage.

Breach of duty in English law
In English tort law, there can be no liability in negligence unless the claimant establishes both that they were owed a duty of care by the defendant, and that there has been a breach of that duty. The defendant is in breach of duty towards the claimant if their conduct fell short of the standard expected under the circumstances.
Cyperus urbani
Cyperus urbani, commonly known as Urban's sedge, is a species of sedge that is endemic to Puerto Rico.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann Otto Boeckeler in 1888. The specific epithet commemorates the German botanist Ignatz Urban, who specialised in the flora of the Caribbean.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
John H. Thompson (statistician)
John Hubert Thompson (June 19, 1951 – May 9, 2025) was an American statistician and Director of the United States Census Bureau. In this position, one of his main duties was to oversee preparations for the 2020 United States census. On May 9, 2017, the Commerce Department announced that he would leave his post on June 30.

Director of the United States Census Bureau
The director of the Bureau of the Census is the chief administrator of the United States Census Bureau. The officeholder is appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate and assisted by the Deputy Director of the United States Census Bureau.
Somjibhai Damor
Somjibhai Damor (born 20 June 1940) is an Indian Adivasi politician from Gujarat. He was elected to the 6th Lok Sabha in 1977 from Dahod

constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from the same constituency in 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991, 1996, and 1998. In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, he was defeated by Babubhai Khimabhai Katara of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Ahead of the 2004 Lok Sabha elections Damor left Congress, which had refused him a ticket, and joined the Bharatiya Navshakti Party. Damor came third with 8.81% of the votes.

Later Damor joined the Nationalist Congress Party in 2005.

Damor is the president of the Akhil Bharatiya Adivasi Vikas Parishad.

6th Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The 6th Lok Sabha, which ran from 23 March 1977 to 22 August 1979 was elected in February and March 1977. 11 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 6th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.

Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister on 24 March 1977 after Janata alliance won 295 seats, 242 more than the previous 5th Lok Sabha.

Charan Singh became the Prime Minister on 28 July 1979 with the support of Indira Gandhi (Congress (I)); but resigned on 20 August 1979 since he was not ready to remove charges against Indira Gandhi and her family from the Emergency days and advised the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha.  The Sixth Lok Sabha was dissolved on 22 August 1979 by the President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy and Charan Singh remained as the caretaker Prime Minister till 14 January 1980, the formation of the next 7th Lok Sabha following the 1980 Indian general election.
Little Sonny
Little Sonny (born Aaron Willis; October 6, 1932, in Greensboro, Alabama) is an American electric blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. His early mentor and inspiration was Sonny Boy Williamson II. Nevertheless, Little Sonny stated that his nickname was originated by his mother: "[She] called me 'Sonny boy' from the time I can remember." He has released eight albums, including three for a subsidiary of Stax Records. His 1973 release, Hard Goin' Up, reached the Top 50 in the Billboard R&B chart.

Sanctuary Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is, as of 2013, a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest music management company in the world. It was also the world's largest independent owner of music intellectual property rights, with over 160,000 songs.