hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Lang (priest)
John Harley Lang (27 October 1927 – 3 June 2012) was an Anglican priest in the second half of the 20th century.

Lang was educated at Merchant Taylors' and trained for the priesthood at King's College London. After National Service with the 12th Royal Lancers he was ordained in 1952. Following a curacy at the large city parish of St Mary's, Portsea, Portsmouth he was Priest Vicar of Southwark Cathedral then Chaplain of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. From 1963 until 1980 he worked in religious broadcasting for the BBC. Finally he was Dean of Lichfield for 13 years. He died on 3 June 2012.

Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School is an 11–18 boys' public day school, founded in 1561 in London. The school has occupied various campuses. Since 1933 it has been at Sandy Lodge, a 285 acres (115 ha) site close to Northwood in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire. The school has 1100 students between the ages of 11 and 18. The school is an all-through school from age 3 to 18 after merging with Northwood Prep School in 2015.

Founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar and Stephen Hales, it was one of the nine English public schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission set up in 1861, and successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868, as did St Paul's School, London, the other day school investigated by the Clarendon Commission.
1990 Czechoslovak Open
The 1990 Czechoslovak Open, also known as the Prague Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague, Czechoslovakia that was part of the ATP World Series (Designated Week) of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 6 August until 12 August 1990. Eighth-seeded Jordi Arrese won the singles title.

1990 ATP Tour
The 1990 IBM ATP Tour was the first season of the ATP Tour, the newly formed single world tennis circuit which came in replacing the two dual tours the ITF Grand Prix Circuit and WCT Circuit. It was the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals. In 1990 the IBM ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour World Championships, the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series and the ATP World Series. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Armhoede
Armhoede is a hamlet in the municipality of Lochem in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It is located two kilometers northeast of Lochem on the canal from Zutphen to Enschede. Administratively, it is largely part of the village of Exel.

The name Armhoede (Dutch for 'poverty') would originally have been the name of a meadow nearby, which served as a general pasture for the less wealthy cattle herders.

There is a landfill near Armhoede, which was closed in 2004 and has now been covered. A solar park has been opened on the site of the former landfill.

Zutphen
Zutphen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzʏtfə(n)] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Zutfent) is a city and municipality located in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands. It lies some 30 km (18.6 mi) northeast of Arnhem, on the eastern bank of the river IJssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel. First mentioned in the 11th century, the place-name appears to mean "south fen" (zuid-veen in modern Dutch). In 2005, the municipality of Zutphen was merged with the municipality of Warnsveld, retaining its name. In 2021, the municipality had a population of 48,111.
Chicago Limited (DLW train)
The Chicago Limited was a train running from Hoboken, New Jersey to Chicago, Illinois run by the Lackawanna Railroad and west of Buffalo connecting with the Michigan Central Railroad's Wolverine, taking a route through Southwestern Ontario. The train left New York at 2 pm and would arrive in Chicago at 2 pm the next day. The Wabash Railroad's #1-11 hitched with the train for coach and sleeper service that veered from the Michigan Central route from Detroit westward. It took the Wabash's most southernly route through Montpelier, Ohio.

Eastbound, the train carried the name, Lackawanna Limited. Full service to Chicago ended in 1941. The DLW portion continued between Buffalo, New York and Hoboken was continued to 1949 and in that year was given a renaming as the DLW's Phoebe Snow.

Michigan Central Railroad
The Michigan Central Railroad (reporting mark MC) was originally chartered in 1832 to establish rail service between Detroit, Michigan, and St. Joseph, Michigan. The railroad later operated in the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois in the United States and the province of Ontario in Canada. After about 1867 the railroad was controlled by the New York Central Railroad, which later became part of Penn Central and then Conrail. After the 1998 Conrail breakup, Norfolk Southern Railway now owns much of the former Michigan Central trackage.

At the end of 1925, MC operated 1,871 miles (3,011 km) of road and 4,139 miles (6,661 km) of track; that year it reported 4,304,000 net ton-miles of revenue freight and 600 million passenger-miles.
Erysiphe cruciferarum
Erysiphe cruciferarum is a plant pathogen of the family Erysiphaceae, which causes the main powdery mildew of crucifers, including on Brassica crops, such as cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. E. cruciferarum is distributed worldwide, and is of particular concentration in continental Europe and the Indian subcontinent. E. cruciferarum is an ascomycete fungus that has both sexual and asexual stages. It is also an obligate parasite that appears to have host specificity; for example, isolates from turnip will not infect Brussels sprout, and vice versa. While being a part of the family Erysiphaceae, it belongs to those members in which the conidia are formed singly and whose haustoria are multilobed.

This species is also being evaluated as a potential biological control for the invasive plant garlic mustard.

Haustorium
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. For example, in mistletoe or members of the broomrape family, the structure penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function.  Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the membrane itself. Larger (usually botanical, not fungal) haustoria do this at the tissue level.

The etymology of the name corresponds to the Latin word haustor meaning the one who draws, drains or drinks, and refers to the action performed by the outgrowth.
The Problem with Popplers
"The Problem with Popplers" is the fifteenth episode in the  second season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 28th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 7, 2000. The title is a reference to the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "The Trouble with Tribbles".  The episode focuses on the Planet Express crew discovering what they think is fast food they call "Popplers," but they turn out to be the young of the Omicron aliens, and the Omicronian leader Lrrr seeks revenge.

Futurama season 2
The second season of Futurama began airing on November 21, 1999 and concluded after 19 episodes on December 3, 2000.  Halfway through the season on February 6, 2000, Fox moved the show from its original timeslot of 8:30pm (following The Simpsons) to 7pm.  At this time, the show lost half of its viewers.

The original 72-episode run of Futurama was produced as four seasons; Fox broadcast the episodes out of the intended order, resulting in five aired seasons.

This list features the episodes in original production order, as featured on the DVD box sets.

The full nineteen episodes of the season have been released on a box set called Futurama: Volume Two, on DVD and VHS. It was first released in the United Kingdom on November 11, 2002, with releases in other regions in 2003. The season was re-released as Futurama: Volume 2, with entirely different packaging to match the newer seasons released on July 17, 2012.
2002 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The 2002 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament was the 21st annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division II women's  collegiate basketball in the United States.

Defending champions Cal Poly Pomona defeated Southeastern Oklahoma State in the championship game, 74–62, to claim the Broncos' fifth overall and second consecutive NCAA Division II national title.

As in 2001, the championship rounds were contested at the Mayo Civic Center in Rochester, Minnesota.

This was the first tournament since 1990 not to feature one of North Dakota or North Dakota State in the national championship game.

NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament (officially styled as "Championship" instead of "Tournament") is an annual tournament to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II women's college basketball national champion.

Basketball was one of 12 women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA and Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) sought for sole governance of women's collegiate athletics. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championships; however, after a year of dual women's championships at the national level, the AIAW disbanded.

The 2020 Elite Eight was due to be held at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, AL before the NCAA called off the tournament due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

The field was reduced to 48 in 2021 and returned to the normal 64 in 2022.

Grand Valley State are the defending national champions, winning their second national title in 2025.
Jones Island State Park
Jones Island State Park is a Washington state park coterminous with Jones Island, one of the San Juan Islands in San Juan County, Washington, United States. It is located one mile (1.6 km) west of the southwestern corner of Orcas Island and accessible only by boat. The island has a land area of 188 acres (76 ha) and no resident population. The island was named by the Wilkes Expedition in 1841 for naval officer Jacob Jones.

San Juan Islands
The San Juan Islands are part of an archipelago in the Pacific Northwest of the United States between the U.S. state of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The San Juan Islands are part of Washington state, and form the core of San Juan County.

In the archipelago, four islands are accessible to vehicular and foot traffic via the Washington State Ferries system.
Glenealy, Hong Kong
Glenealy (Chinese: 己連拿利; formerly 忌連拿利) is one of the few thoroughfares in Hong Kong without a street type suffix. Located in the Mid-Levels on Hong Kong Island, it starts at the junction of Wyndham Street and Lower Albert Road, winding its way uphill to the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens, where it continues as a pedestrian footpath to Robinson Road, and ends at the junction with Hornsey Road and Conduit Road.

Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens
The Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens (HKZBG) is one of the oldest zoological and botanical centres in the world, and the oldest park in Hong Kong. Founded in 1864, its first stage was opened to the public in 1871. It occupies an area of 5.6 hectares (14 acres) in Central, on the northern slope of Victoria Peak.

Similar to Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens provides a natural environment and atmosphere. While physically smaller than Hong Kong Park, it contains more plants, animals and facilities.
NGC 1537
NGC 1537 is an elliptical galaxy located around 64 million light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. NGC 1537 is south of the celestial equator and it was discovered by John Herschel in 1835. NGC 1537 is not known to have much star-formation, and it is not known to have an active galactic nucleus.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
Shahkahan
Shahkahan (Persian: شه كهان, also Romanized as Shahkahān) is a village in Marz Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 311, in 71 families.

Chah Dadkhoda District
Chah Dadkhoda District (Persian: بخش چاه دادخدا) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Dadkhoda.

The district is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of the county center and most of its people are farmers. Cereals, sesame and dates are the major crops grown in this area. The main source of irrigation is underground water, with some seasonal rivers that flow and end in Jaz-e Moryan.
Ltyentye Apurte Community
Ltyentye Apurte, also known as Santa Teresa, is a community in the Northern Territory, Australia, many residents of the locality are members of the Arrernte indigenous community, whose origins are located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south-east of Alice Springs.

Arrernte people
The Arrernte (/ˈʌrəndə/) people, (also Aranda, Arunta or Arrarnta), are a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples who live in the Arrernte lands, at Mparntwe (Alice Springs) and surrounding areas of the Central Australia region of the Northern Territory. Many still speak one of the various Arrernte dialects. Some Arrernte live in other areas far from their homeland, including the major Australian cities and overseas.

Arrernte spirituality focuses on the landscape and The Dreaming which the Arrernte name for is Altyerre. Altjira is the creator being of the Inapertwa that became all living creatures. Tjurunga are objects of religious significance.

The Arrernte Council is the representative and administrative body for the Arrernte Lands and is part of the Central Land Council.

Tourism is important to the economy of Alice Springs and surrounding communities.
Lenny Wolf
Frank Wollschläger (born 11 March 1962), known professionally as Lenny Wolf, is a retired German singer and musician, best known as the former lead singer of the hard rock band Kingdom Come. In addition to songwriting and lead vocals, he played multiple instruments on various Kingdom Come albums.  He also collaborated on the song "Eyes of Time", from The Final Experiment, the debut album by Arjen Anthony Lucassen's project Ayreon. He was also a member of the bands Germany in 1982 featuring Dieter Büttner, Andreas Daniels, Miroslav Šupica, and the band Stone Fury between 1984 and 1986 featuring Bruce Gowdy, Rick Wilson Jody Cortez and Vinnie Colaiuta.

James Kottak
James Kottak (December 26, 1962 – January 9, 2024) was an American drummer, best known for his work with the German hard rock band Scorpions, which he joined in 1996. At the time of his firing from the band in 2016, he was their longest-serving drummer. Kottak was also an original member of Kingdom Come, of whom he was their drummer from 1987 to 1989 and again from 2018 to his death in 2024.
Symphony No. 86 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 86 in D major, Hoboken I/86, is the fifth of the six Paris Symphonies (numbers 82–87) written by Joseph Haydn, and was written to be performed in Paris in 1787.  He wrote it in Esterháza in 1786, but for an orchestra much larger, at the instigation of Count Claude d'Ogney.

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Nagendra Singh Yadav
Nagendra Singh Yadav (born 22 November 1961) also known as Munna Yadav is an Indian politician.He served as the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Samajwadi Party and represented Sadar Vidhan Sabha Assembly Constituency of Pratapgarh district in Uttar Pradesh.

2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election followed as a result the expiration of the five-year term of the previous legislature elected in Uttar Pradesh, India. The election to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly was held in seven phases from 8 February through 3 March 2012.  Uttar Pradesh has the world's largest population for a sub-national democracy. The incumbent chief minister Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party, which previously won an absolute majority of seats, was defeated by Mulayam Singh Yadav's Samajwadi Party, which gained an absolute majority in the election. Mulayam's son and Samajwadi party state president Akhilesh Yadav was nominated as chief minister by the party.
Outline of Kiribati
1°52′25.2″N 157°25′32.8″W﻿ / ﻿1.873667°N 157.425778°W﻿ / 1.873667; -157.425778

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kiribati:

Kiribati – sovereign island nation located in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean.

Geography of Kiribati
1°25′N 173°00′E﻿ / ﻿1.417°N 173.000°E﻿ / 1.417; 173.000

Kiribati consists of 32 atolls and one island in an expanse of ocean equivalent in size to the contiguous United States. The islands are scattered such that Kiribati has territory located in each of the four hemispheres.  The islands of Kiribati lie roughly halfway between Hawaii and Australia in the Micronesian and Polynesian regions of the South Pacific. The three main island groupings are the Gilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands, and Line Islands. On 1 January 1995 Kiribati moved the International Date Line to include its easternmost islands and make it the same day throughout the country.
Barthold Rudolf Hast
Barthold Rudolf Hast (9 April 1724 – 27 August 1784) was a Finnish physician who played a leading role in the early development of healthcare in 18th-century Finland, then part of the Swedish kingdom. He was the first Finn to earn a Doctor of Medicine degree in Sweden and served for over three decades as provincial physician of Ostrobothnia. Hast was a pioneer of smallpox inoculation and contributed significantly to improving medical access by operating pharmacies in Vaasa an Oulu and establishing medicine stores in several coastal towns. He played a key role in founding a regional hospital in Vaasa, then only the second general hospital in Finland.

Royal Academy of Turku
The Royal Academy of Turku or the Royal Academy of Åbo was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden. It was founded in 1640. In 1809, after Finland became a grand duchy within the Russian Empire, it was renamed the Imperial Academy of Turku. In 1828, after the Great Fire of Turku, the institution was moved to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the capital of the grand duchy. It was finally renamed the University of Helsinki when Finland declared independence in 1917.
Burndy Library
The Burndy Library was one of the world's largest collections of books on the history of science and technology. It was disestablished in 2006 and its collections transferred to the Huntington Library.

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
Cooperative banking
Cooperative banking is retail and commercial banking organized on a cooperative basis. Cooperative banking institutions take deposits and lend money in most parts of the world.

Cooperative banking, as discussed here, includes retail banking carried out by credit unions, mutual savings banks, building societies and cooperatives, as well as commercial banking services provided by mutual organizations (such as cooperative federations) to cooperative businesses.

International Cooperative Alliance
The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) is a non-governmental organization established in 1895. The ICA represents 306 cooperative federations and organizations across 105 countries, representing approximately one billion individuals worldwide.
2001 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2001 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 91st completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

St Anne's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 11 November 2001 at Wexford Park, between Faythe Harriers and Rapparees, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Faythe Harriers won the match by 0–13 to 0–09 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in 20 years.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
Virtual karyotype
In genetics, virtual karyotype is the digital information reflecting a karyotype, resulting from the analysis of short sequences of DNA from specific loci all over the genome, which are isolated and enumerated. It detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution for level than conventional karyotyping or chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The main methods used for creating virtual karyotypes are array-comparative genomic hybridization and SNP arrays.

Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or      gene amplification) is a  mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.  Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication and repair machinery as well as through fortuitous capture by selfish genetic elements.  Common sources of gene duplications include ectopic recombination,  retrotransposition event, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and replication slippage.
Coderre, Saskatchewan
Coderre English: /koʊˈdɛər/) (2016 population: 30) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Rodgers No. 133 and Census Division No. 7. The village is located approximately 85 km southwest of the City of Moose Jaw on Highway 627.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, 177 km (110 mi) east of Swift Current and 77 km (48 mi) west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161.

Moose Jaw is an industrial centre and a critical railway junction for the area's agricultural produce. CFB Moose Jaw, located a few kilometres south of the city, is a NATO flight training school and is home to the Snowbirds, Canada's military aerobatic air show flight demonstration team. Moose Jaw also has a casino and geothermal spa.