hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fiber laser
A fiber laser (or fibre laser in Commonwealth English) is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, thulium and holmium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing.

Fiber nonlinearities, such as stimulated Raman scattering or four-wave mixing, can also provide gain and thus serve as gain media for a fiber laser.

Transverse mode
A transverse mode of electromagnetic radiation is a particular electromagnetic field pattern of the radiation in the plane perpendicular (i.e., transverse) to the radiation's propagation direction. Transverse modes occur in radio waves and microwaves confined to a waveguide, and also in light waves in an optical fiber and in a laser's optical resonator.

Transverse modes occur because of boundary conditions imposed on the wave by the waveguide. For example, a radio wave in a hollow metal waveguide must have zero tangential electric field amplitude at the walls of the waveguide, so the transverse pattern of the electric field of waves is restricted to those that fit between the walls. For this reason, the modes supported by a waveguide are quantized. The allowed modes can be found by solving Maxwell's equations for the boundary conditions of a given waveguide.
NGC 4580
NGC 4580 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located about 70 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4580 is also classified as a LINER galaxy. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Castle series stamps
The Castle series or Castle High Value series are two definitive stamp series issued in the United Kingdom during Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The common aspects of the two series are the four chosen castles, one for each country of the United Kingdom.

The first series, designed by Lynton Lamb was issued in September 1955. The second, created from pictures taken by Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second son, was issued in October 1988.

The stamps bore the highest denominations completing the Wilding and Machin definitive series. Each Castle series was replaced by Machin stamps, respectively in 1969 and 1999.

De La Rue
De La Rue plc (UK: /ˈdɛləruː/, US: /ˌdɛləˈruː/) is a British company headquartered in Basingstoke, England that produces secure digital and physical protections for goods, trade and identities in 140 countries. It sells to governments, central banks, and businesses. Its authentication division provides government revenue technology, brand protection, and ID security, such as polycarbonate data pages for passports.

Its currency division designs and produces banknotes, secure polymer substrate and banknote security features. This includes security holograms, security threads and security printed products for central banks and currency issuing authorities. It is the world's largest commercial printer of banknotes. Since July 2025, the company has been under private ownership by Atlas Holdings.
Ottawa River Canoe Club
Ottawa River Canoe Club (ORCC) is a non-profit paddling organization in operation since 2002 and located in the west-end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The organization offers a variety of recreational and competitive paddling programs for everyone, including:

summer camps for kids 5 to 14

stand-up paddleboarding (SUP)

canoe and kayak introductory courses

competitive sprint canoe/kayak racing

"Paddle All" and para paddling - for our disabled athletes

adventure racing instruction

outrigger

dragon boat

The club is a member of the Eastern Ontario Division (EOD) of Canoe Kayak Canada (Canoe Kayak Eastern Ontario Division). The sport of flat water sprint racing is represented by the Ontario Canoe Sprint Racing Affiliation (OCSRA) of Canoe Ontario.

Canoe Kayak Canada
Canoe Kayak Canada (French: Canot Kayak Canada) is the governing body of competitive canoeing and kayaking disciplines in Canada. The three specific disciplines represented are flatwater, whitewater and marathon. Canoe Kayak Canada officially replaced the name "Canadian Canoe Association" in 2005, although the former title is still used by the organization. The name change came about from a desire to include the kayaking discipline in the organization's name.

CKC head offices are located in Ottawa, Ontario although divisional and provincial offices as well as high performance centres are maintained throughout the country.
Deir Alla inscription
The Deir 'Alla inscription or Balaam inscription, listed as KAI 312, was discovered during a 1967 excavation in Deir 'Alla, Jordan. It is currently held at the Jordan Archaeological Museum in Amman. It is written in a peculiar Northwest Semitic dialect, has provoked much debate among scholars and has had a strong impact on the study of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions.

Saggar (god)
Saggar (also Šaggar, Sanugaru, Šanugaru) was a god worshiped in ancient Syria, especially in the proximity of Ebla and Emar, later incorporated into the Hurrian and Hittite pantheons. His name was also the ancient name of the Sinjar Mountains. It is assumed that he was at least in part a lunar deity.
Limekilns, New South Wales
Limekilns is a rural locality in the Central West region of New South Wales. The closest major town is Bathurst, and the local government area is the Bathurst Regional Council. Limekilns had a population of 111 people at the time of the 2016 Australian census.

Ben Chifley, the Prime Minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949, lived with his grandfather in Limekilns between the ages of five and thirteen. Another notable resident was Daniel Clyne, a Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.

A book about the area, written by Col Ferguson and titled The History of Limekilns, was published in 2017.

Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/ BATH-erst, locally /ˈbæθəst/ BATH-əst) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 44,621 in 2023.

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where Australia's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama, also known as Wahluu, is a landmark of the city which brings in a lot of tourism, especially during the week of the Bathurst 1000. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.
Bangladeshi cricket team against Ireland in England in 2023
The Bangladesh cricket team toured England in May 2023 to play three One Day International (ODI) matches  against the Ireland cricket team. The ODI matches formed part of the inaugural 2020–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League.

In March 2023, Cricket Ireland (CI) confirmed that all three ODIs would be played at Chelmsford in England. This was due to better weather in England than in Ireland, leading to a better chance of full matches being played to a result.

Going into the series, Ireland needed to win all three matches to claim the eighth and final automatic place in the 2023 Cricket World Cup at the expense of South Africa. South Africa's qualification for the World Cup was confirmed when the first ODI ended with no result due to rain. The result meant that Ireland had to go through the 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier to qualify for the 2023 Cricket World Cup.

The first ODI ended in a no result due to rain. Bangladesh won the series 2–0.

Result (cricket)
The result in a game of cricket may be a "win" for one of the two teams playing, or a "tie". In the case of a limited overs game, the game can also end with "no result" if the game cannot be finished on time (usually due to weather or bad light), and in other forms of cricket, a "draw" may be possible. Which of these results applies, and how the result is expressed, is governed by Law 16 of the laws of cricket.
Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bengaluru)
Mahatma Gandhi Road (commonly referred to as MG Road) is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the Purple Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, India. Purple line station was constructed by Punj Lloyd and opened to the public on 20 October 2011. The station MG Road has a bicycle stand next to the Urban Square, from where commuters can rent cycles. This metro station will serve as Purple line's 2nd interchange station after Majestic metro station for the upcoming Pink Line, being constructed by Larsen & Toubro.

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the second phase (Pink Line), covering the total distance of 13.8 km stretch (Dairy Circle - Nagawara) is expected to be operational around December 2026.

Dairy Circle metro station
Dairy Circle is an upcoming underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the Pink Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, India with plans to make an interchange with the proposed Red Line. This metro station consists of the main Dairy Circle Flyover where to the east leads towards Silk Board junction and Christ University, to the west leads towards NIMHANS Hospital, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health Hospital, to the north leads towards Bosch (Bengaluru South Campus), Karnataka Federal Foundation and to the south leads towards Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, a healthcare institute in South Bengaluru.

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the second phase (Pink Line), covering the total distance of 13.8 km stretch (Dairy Circle - Nagawara) is expected to be operational around December 2026.
Meandro del Say
Meandro del Say is a wetland, part of the wetlands of Bogotá. It spans the locality Fontibón of Bogotá and the eastern part of Mosquera, Cundinamarca. Meandro del Say is located close to the Bogotá River with a total area of 13.6 hectares (34 acres). The Avenida Centenario borders the wetland in the northeast. Meandro de Say is situated in the Fucha River basin.

Fucha River
The Fucha River is a river on the Bogotá savanna and a left tributary of the Bogotá River. The river originates in the Eastern Hills of the Colombian capital Bogotá and flows westward through the city into the Bogotá River. It is one of the three important rivers of the city, together with the Tunjuelo and Juan Amarillo Rivers.
Rees algebra
In commutative algebra, the Rees algebra or Rees ring of an ideal I in a commutative ring R is defined to be

The extended Rees algebra of I (which some authors refer to as the Rees algebra of I) is defined as

This construction has special interest in algebraic geometry since the projective scheme defined by the Rees algebra of an ideal in a ring is the blowing-up of the spectrum of the ring along the subscheme defined by the ideal (see Ideal sheaf § Algebraic geometry).

Glossary of algebraic geometry
This is a glossary of algebraic geometry.

See also glossary of commutative algebra, glossary of classical algebraic geometry, and glossary of ring theory. For the number-theoretic applications, see glossary of arithmetic and Diophantine geometry.

For simplicity, a reference to the base scheme is often omitted; i.e., a scheme will be a scheme over some fixed base scheme S and a morphism an S-morphism.
Monida, Montana
Monida is an unincorporated community in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States. Monida is located on Interstate 15 at the top of Monida Pass, 14.7 miles (23.7 km) east-southeast of Lima. The community is situated on the Continental Divide at the Idaho state line. It has a permanent population of six. It also serves as the southernmost settlement in the state.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Inmaculada Bañuls
Inmaculada Bañuls Ros (born 6 May 1963) is a Spanish teacher and politician who belongs to the main opposition People's Party (PP).

Bañuls was born in Gandía, Spain. She gained a diploma in religious sciences and passed courses in teaching and special education. She is married with two daughters. Her political career began in 2003 when she was elected as a PP councillor in Gandia. In March 2008, she was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Valencia region. In one of her first votes in the chamber, she mistakenly voted for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) candidate for Prime Minister, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, a mistake that was subsequently corrected.

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (Spanish: [xoseˈlwis roˈðɾiɣeθ θapaˈteɾo] ⓘ; born 4 August 1960) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was the Prime Minister of Spain being elected for two terms, in the 2004 and 2008 general elections. On 2 April 2011 he announced he would not stand for re-election in the 2011 general election and left office on 21 December 2011.

Among the main actions taken by the Zapatero administration were the withdrawal of Spanish troops from the Iraq war, the increase of Spanish troops in Afghanistan; the idea of an Alliance of Civilizations; the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Spain; reform of abortion law; a peace negotiation attempt with ETA; the end of ETA terrorism; increase of tobacco restrictions; and the reform of various autonomous statutes, particularly the Statute of Catalonia.
Eugene Warburg
Eugene Warburg (c. 1825—1859) was an African-American sculptor. Born enslaved from birth in New Orleans in the mid-1820s, he was legally manumitted by his father, who was also his owner, at four years old. Warburg initially apprenticed as a marble cutter and later worked as a sculptor in New Orleans in the 1840s and early 1850s. He moved to Europe in 1853, where he worked as a successful sculptor until his death in 1859.

Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland
Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (née Sutherland; 24 May 1765 – 29 January 1839), also suo jure 19th Countess of Sutherland, was a Scottish noblewoman who married into the Leveson-Gower family, best remembered for her involvement in the Highland Clearances.

In 1803, her husband inherited the income from the highly profitable Bridgewater Canal. This greatly increased his wealth, being described by Charles Greville as "the leviathan of wealth", with the belief that he was "the richest man who ever died" (his exact wealth at the time of his death was unknown, though undeniably very large). It is this wealth that allowed Lady Sutherland to embark on the substantial changes to the Sutherland estate that were part of the Highland Clearances.
Ramat Eshkol
Ramat Eshkol (Hebrew: רמת אשכול; pronunciationⓘ) (also Ramot Eshkol Hebrew: רמות אשכול) is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in northern East Jerusalem. It was built on land captured from Jordan in the Six-Day War and occupied by Israel since 1967, and was the first settlement built in East Jerusalem beyond the Green Line by Israel. 
As of 2017, about 8,975 people live in the neighborhood.

Grape cluster
In viticulture, the grape cluster (also bunch of grapes) is a fertilized inflorescence of the grapevine, the primary part of this plant used for food (grape leaves are also used in some culinary traditions). The size of the grape bunch greatly varies, from few grams to kilograms, depending on the grape variety and conditions during the fruit set.
Clostridium algoriphilum
Clostridium algoriphilum  is a psychrophilic, Gram-positive, strict anaerobic, spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus Clostridium which has been isolated from an over-cooled brine from the permafrost in Kolyma Lowland in Russia.

Psychrophile
Psychrophiles /ˈsaɪkroʊˌfaɪl/ or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C (−4 °F) to 20 °C (68 °F). They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can be contrasted with thermophiles, which are organisms that thrive at unusually high temperatures, and mesophiles at intermediate temperatures. Psychrophile is Greek for 'cold-loving', from Ancient Greek  ψυχρός (psukhrós) 'cold, frozen'.

Many such organisms are bacteria or archaea, but some eukaryotes such as lichens, snow algae, phytoplankton, fungi, and wingless midges, are also classified as psychrophiles.
RDE-1
RDE-1 (RNAi-DEfective 1) is a primary Argonaute protein required for RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans. The rde-1 gene locus was first characterized in C. elegans mutants resistant to RNAi, and is a member of a highly conserved Piwi gene family that includes plant, Drosophila, and vertebrate homologs.

Sense strand
In genetics, a sense strand, or coding strand, is the segment within double-stranded DNA that carries the translatable code in the 5′ to  3′  direction, and which is complementary to the antisense strand of DNA, or template strand, which does not carry the translatable code in the 5′ to 3′ direction. The sense strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA, which takes the antisense strand as its template during transcription, and eventually undergoes (typically, not always) translation into a protein. The antisense strand is thus responsible for the RNA that is later translated to protein, while the sense strand possesses a nearly identical makeup to that of the mRNA.
Kenner Star Wars action figures
The Kenner Star Wars action figures were produced by the toy company Kenner, which released 96 action figures, multiple vehicles, and playsets based on the Star Wars franchise between 1978 and 1985. From a line of over 100 unique toys, a total of more than 300 million units were sold during their original run. Kenner began producing new Star Wars action figures in 1995.

The initial line, known as The Original Collection, is highly sought after. Many variations of the figures have been sold at auction for tens of thousands of pounds or U.S. dollars during the 2020s. Even standard figures (particularly if sold with original packaging) can demand extremely high prices. In 2024, a prototype Boba Fett sold for $1.342 million, becoming the most expensive toy ever sold. Collectors have been critical of companies or organizations that purchase the products solely for resale at a profit ("scalpers").

Action figure
An action figure is a poseable character model figure made most commonly of plastic, and often based upon characters from a film, comic book, military, video game, television program, or sport; fictional or historical. These figures are usually marketed toward boys and adult collectors. The term was coined by Hasbro in 1964 to market G.I. Joe to boys (while competitors called similar offerings boy's dolls).

According to a 2005 study in Sweden, action figures which display traditional masculine traits primarily target boys. While most commonly marketed as a child's toy, the action figure has gained widespread acceptance as collector item for adults. In such a case, the item may be produced and designed on the assumption it will be bought solely for display as a collectible and not played with like a child's toy.
Interim Regional Administration of Tigray
The Interim Regional Administration of Tigray (Tigrinya: ግዝያዊ ምምሕዳር ክልል ትግራይ; Amharic: የትግራይ ክልል ግዝያዊ አስተዳደር) is an interim regional government for the Tigray Region announced by the Office of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia on 23 March 2023. This appointment was based on Article 10(1) of the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA) signed in Pretoria between the Federal Government and the TPLF to end the conflict on 2 November 2022, which called for the establishment of an inclusive Interim Regional Administration, and a decision by the House of Federation (HoF) to establish the interim administration of the Tigray regional state, as per Article 62 (9) of the Constitution proclamation 359/1995, article 14/2/B. On the same day, Ato Getachew Reda Kahsay was appointed as IRA head for undisclosed terms.

House of Federation
The House of Federation (Amharic: የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት, romanized: Ye-Fēdērēshin Mikir Bēt) is the upper house of the bicameral Federal Parliamentary Assembly, the parliament of Ethiopia. It has 112 members.

Each Nation, Nationality and People shall be represented in the House of the Federation by at least one member. Each Nation or Nationality shall be represented by one additional representative for each one million of its population (Article 61:2 of the constitution).

Members of the House of the Federation shall be elected by the State Councils. The State Councils may themselves elect representatives to the House of the Federation, or they may hold elections to have the representatives elected by the people directly (Article 61:3 of the constitution).
TV Anhanguera Anápolis
TV Anhanguera Anápolis is a Brazilian television station based in Anápolis, GO. It belongs to Rede Anhanguera, affiliated with TV Globo. It operates on virtual channel 7 (physical channel 33) as one of the regional transmission stations of Rede Anhanguera in Goiás, which has its main facilities located in Goiânia.

Anápolis
Anápolis (/əˈnæpəlɪs/ ⓘ ə-NAP-əl-iss, Brazilian Portuguese: [ɐˈnapolis]) is a Brazilian city in the state of Goiás. It is located between two capitals, the federal capital Brasília and state capital Goiânia. It is the third most populous city in the state, with 398,869 inhabitants according to the Brazilian Institute of Geographic and Statistics in 2022. It is an important industrial and logistics center in the Brazilian Central-West. Its GDP is R$ 10 billion, approximately US$4.4 billion, which makes it the second largest in the state. The city became an industrial power after the implementation of its Industrial District in 1970.