hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Positive pressure enclosure
A positive pressure enclosure, also known as a welding habitat or hot work habitat, is a chamber used to provide a safe working environment for performing hot work in the presence of explosive gases or vapors. They are commonly used in welding environments and are associated with the offshore oil industry.

A positive pressure enclosure works by providing a constant inflow of breathable air, which in turn causes a continuous outflow of gas from the chamber. This outflow of gas prevents the ingress of explosive gases or vapors that are often present in these work environments. This constant venting of gases from the chamber also serves to purge the air inside the chamber of unwanted gaseous byproducts of the welding process. Most commercial versions of positive pressure enclosures are referred to by their manufacturers as habitats.

Hot work
Hot work refers to any process that involves open flames, sparks, or heat-producing tools and equipment. The term "hot work" is commonly used in industrial and regulatory contexts, often carrying specific safety and compliance requirements governed by fire codes and occupational safety standards.

Common hot work processes involve welding, soldering, cutting, brazing and the use of powder-actuated tools or similar fire producing operations. These processes produce sparks or heat which can ignite flammable materials around the work area or flammable gases and vapors in the workspace.
Alma Har'el
Alma Har'el (Hebrew: עלמה הראל; born July 2, 1975) is an Israeli-American music video and film director. She is best known for her 2019 feature film debut Honey Boy, for which she won a Directors Guild of America Award.

Her 2011 documentary Bombay Beach, which took the top prize at Tribeca Film Festival, received a nomination for an Independent Spirit Award. In 2016, her documentary LoveTrue won the Grand Prix Best Documentary Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The same year, Har'el was named one of the "Top 12 female filmmakers ready to direct a blockbuster" by IndieWire.

Har'el is noted for her ability to artistically blur the lines between documentary and fiction. Stephan Holden of The New York Times wrote about Har'el's film Bombay Beach: "[it] looks and feels like a fever dream about an alternate universe. Suffused with a sense of wonder, it hovers, dancing inside its own ethereal bubble".

Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.
Kovai Cora cotton
Kovai Cora cotton or Kovai Kora cotton is a type of cotton saree made in the Coimbatore region in Tamil Nadu, India. It has been recognized as a Geographical indication by the Government of India in 2014–15.

Tiruppur district
Tiruppur district is one of the 38 districts of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, formed in 22 February 2009. Dharapuram was the largest taluk by area in the district. The district is well-developed and industrialized. The Tiruppur banian industry, the cotton market, Kangeyam bull and Uthukkuli butter, among other things, provide for a vibrant economy. The city of Tiruppur is the administrative headquarters for the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,479,052 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.
Samuel Ryder
Samuel Ryder (24 March 1858 – 2 January 1936) was an English businessman, entrepreneur, golf enthusiast, and golf promoter. He originated the idea of selling garden seeds in "penny packets" and built a very successful business on the concept.

At the age of 50 he became an enthusiastic golfer and then from 1923 to 1925 he, together with his brother James, started sponsoring a number of golf tournaments and matches mostly at his home club of Verulam near St Albans. From late 1925 he started employing Abe Mitchell as his private coach. In early 1926 the idea for a match between British and American professional golfers was proposed. Ryder became involved and sponsored the event. It had been his intention that the match would be the first Ryder Cup but it was later decided that the match would not be an official contest. The first official event, for which Ryder donated a gold trophy, did not take place until 1927.

Ernest Whitcombe
Ernest Robert Whitcombe (17 October 1890 – 14 July 1971) was an English professional golfer. Over the course of his career he had nine wins in professional tournaments and was runner-up in the 1924 Open Championship.
Olav Engebretsen
Olav Engebretsen, also Olaf Engebretsen (December 25, 1905 – March 30, 1988) was a Norwegian film editor and director.

Engebretsen was primarily active as a film editor from 1941 to 1962. The films that he edited include Den forsvundne pølsemaker (1941), Jeg drepte!, (1942), and Line (1961). He received the Norwegian Film Critics Award (Filmkritikerprisen) in 1961 for his editing of Line. In 1954 he directed the films Troll i ord and I moralens navn.

Engebretsen is buried in the Cemetery of Our Saviour in Oslo.

Cemetery of Our Saviour
The Cemetery of Our Saviour (Norwegian: Vår Frelsers gravlund) is a cemetery in Oslo, Norway, located north of Hammersborg in Gamle Aker district. It is located adjacent to the older Old Aker Cemetery and was created in 1808 as a result of the great famine and cholera epidemic of the Napoleonic Wars. Its grounds were extended in 1911. The cemetery has been full and thus closed for new graves since 1952, with interment only being allowed in existing family graves. The cemetery includes five sections, including Æreslunden, Norway's main honorary burial ground, and the western, southern, eastern and northern sections. The Cemetery of Our Saviour became the preferred cemetery of bourgeois and other upper-class families. It has many grand tombstones and is the most famous cemetery in Norway.
Shahr Khodro F.C.
Shahr Khodro Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال شهر خودرو, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Shahr Xodro), previously known as Padideh, was an Iranian football club based in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, that competed in the Persian Gulf Pro League. The club was founded in 2013 and was known as Padideh Khorasan Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال پديده خراسان, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Padide Xorasan) between 2013 and 2019, and between March and August 2021.

The football team plays its home games at the Imam Reza Stadium which has a seating capacity of 27,700. The club is owned and supported by the Shahr Khodro Company.

Sanat Mes Kerman F.C.
Mes Kerman Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال صنعت مس کرمان, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Sân't-e Mes Kârman) is an Iranian professional football team based in Kerman, Iran.

They were promoted to Iran's top league, the Iran Pro League, in the 2005–06 season. They won their only domestic double in 2006–2007 season. They were relegated in the 2013–14 season. The team is named after and sponsored by Kerman's copper industries (Persian: مس romanized: mes).

Mes Kerman F.C. is a football section of the multisport Sanat Mes Kerman Cultural and Athletic Club.
Reeve Island
64°55′S 63°58′W﻿ / ﻿64.917°S 63.967°W﻿ / -64.917; -63.967

Reeve Island is an island 1.5 nautical miles long, lying between Knight and Friar islands in the Wauwermans Islands, in the Wilhelm Archipelago. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1950. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1958 after one of the characters in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.

Wauwermans Islands
Wauwermans Islands is a group of small, low, snow-covered islands forming the northernmost group in the Wilhelm Archipelago. Discovered by a German expedition 1873–74, under Dallmann. Sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, and named for Lieutenant General Wauwermans, president of the Société Royale Belge de Géographie, a supporter of the expedition.
Mantis (Marvel Comics)
Mantis is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Steve Englehart and artist Don Heck, the character first appeared in The Avengers #112 (June 1973). Mantis has been depicted as a member of the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy, as the bride of Kang the Conqueror, and as the mother of Sequoia. Pom Klementieff portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017),  Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (2022), and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023).

Eclipse Comics
Eclipse Comics was an American comic book publisher, one of several independent publishers during the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1978, it published the first graphic novel intended for the newly created comic book specialty store market. It was one of the first to offer royalties and creator ownership of rights.

Creators whose early work appears in Eclipse publications include Scott McCloud, Timothy Truman, Dan Brereton, James Hudnall and Chris Ware, while the publisher also produced creator-owned work by Don McGregor, Mark Evanier, Gene Colan, Alan Moore, Steve Englehart, Steve Gerber and P. Craig Russell.
Visakha Vidyalaya
Visakha Vidyalaya (Sinhala: විශාඛා විද්‍යාලය, Tamil: விசாகா வித்தியாலயம்) is a girls' school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is a National School managed by the central government providing primary and secondary education.

National school (Sri Lanka)
A National school (Sinhala: ජාතික පාසල, Jathika Pasala, Tamil: தேசியப் பாடசாலை) in Sri Lanka is a school that is funded and administered by the Ministry of Education of the central government as opposed to Provincial schools run by the local provincial council. These schools provide secondary education (some including collegiate), with some providing primary education as well. The classification began in 1985, with 18 schools being designated as national schools. Today, there are 396 National  Schools in country constituting 3 percent of total National and Provincial Schools.
Strawberry Reservoir
Strawberry Reservoir is a large reservoir in the U.S. state of Utah, located on the Strawberry River. It is Utah's most popular fishery, receiving over 1.5 million angling hours annually and is part of the Blue Ribbon Fisheries program. Game fish in the reservoir include sterilized rainbow trout, bear lake cutthroat trout, kokanee salmon and crayfish. It is located 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Heber, Utah on U.S. Route 40.
The reservoir is situated in Strawberry Valley.  This valley is normally part of the Colorado River drainage.  The dam was constructed to divert water into Utah Valley.

Strawberry Reservoir was the 2006 recipient of the American Fisheries Society's outstanding sport fish development/restoration Project of the Year award.

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) is part of the Utah Department of Natural Resources for the state of Utah in the United States. The mission of the Division of Wildlife Resources is to serve the people of Utah as trustee and guardian of the state's wildlife. In addition to managing and protecting Utah's wildlife, UDWR manages hunting and fishing opportunities within the state.
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri (Bengali: মুশাহিদ আহমদ বায়মপুরী, Arabic: مشاهد أحمد البايمفوري; 1907–1971) was a late-twentieth century Bengali Islamic Hadith scholar, teacher, writer, jurist, orator and politician. Often described by Bangladeshi scholars as the Bukhari of Bengal, and Shaykh al-Islam Bayampuri served as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, the professor of Hadith studies at Sylhet Government Alia Madrasah, the principal of Darul Hadith Kanaighat and the president of the Eastern Sylhet Independent Religious Arabic Madrasah Education Board. His numerous works, which covered a range of disciplines in Islamic literature such as Hadith, Tafsir and the political aspects of Islam, were written in the Arabic, Bengali and Urdu languages. Some of his books are part of syllabic studies in the city of Madinah and under the Independent Religious Board of Education.

Rampur State
Rampur State was a 15 gun-salute princely state of British India. Following the Rohilla defeat in the First Rohilla War, the British would establish the state, and install Faizullah Khan as its first Nawab. The state's capital was Rampur, and its total area was 945 sq miles.

Following independence in 1947, Rampur State acceded to India. It was merged into the United Provinces, which would later become Uttar Pradesh.
Jehuda Reinharz
Jehuda Reinharz (Hebrew: יהודה ריינהרץ; born August 1, 1944) served as President of Brandeis University from 1994–2010. He was the Richard Koret Professor of Modern Jewish History and Director of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry at Brandeis. He is the president and CEO of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Foundation. On September 25, 2009, Reinharz announced his retirement as President of Brandeis, but at the request of the Board of Trustees, he stayed on until a replacement could be hired. On January 1, 2011, Reinharz became president and CEO of the Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Foundation.

Jewish Theological Seminary of America
The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City, New York. It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism as well as a hub for academic scholarship in Jewish studies. The Jewish Theological Seminary Library is one of the most significant collections of Judaica in the world.
Elkeson
Elkeson de Oliveira Cardoso, simply Elkeson and spelled in Mandarin as Ai Kesen (Chinese: 艾克森; pinyin: Ài Kèsēn; 13 July 1989), is a former professional footballer who played as a striker. Born in Brazil, he played for the China national team.

Starting out at Vitória, he played mostly as an attacking midfielder and as a winger, but since his final days at Botafogo, he was moved to attack and has played as a striker. Born in Brazil, Elkeson obtained Chinese citizenship in 2019 through naturalization and represents China internationally.

2011 Superclásico de las Américas
The 2011 Superclásico de las Américas – Copa Doctor Nicolás Leoz was the first edition of the Superclásico de las Américas, an annual friendly football match between the national teams of Argentina and Brazil. After a 0–0 draw in the first leg played in Argentina, Brazil beat Argentina by 2–0 in the second (home) leg and conquered their first title.
Boltzmann–Matano analysis
The Boltzmann–Matano method is used to convert the partial differential equation resulting from Fick's law of diffusion into a more easily solved ordinary differential equation, which can then be applied to calculate the diffusion coefficient as a function of concentration.

Ludwig Boltzmann worked on Fick's second law to convert it into an ordinary differential equation, whereas Chujiro Matano performed experiments with diffusion couples and calculated the diffusion coefficients as a function of concentration in metal alloys. Specifically, Matano proved that the diffusion rate of A atoms into a B-atom crystal lattice is a function of the amount of A atoms already in the B lattice.

The importance of the classic Boltzmann–Matano method consists in the ability to extract diffusivities from concentration–distance data. These methods, also known as inverse methods, have both proven to be reliable, convenient and accurate with the assistance of modern computational techniques.

Fick's laws of diffusion
Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. Fick's first law can be used to derive his second law, which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation.

Fick's first law: Movement of particles from high to low concentration (diffusive flux) is directly proportional to the particle's concentration gradient.

Fick's second law: Prediction of change in concentration gradient with time due to diffusion.

A diffusion process that obeys Fick's laws is called normal or Fickian diffusion; otherwise, it is called anomalous diffusion or non-Fickian diffusion.
VDL SB250
The VDL SB250 (originally the DAF SB250) was a full-size low-floor single-decker bus launched in 1997, which was designed specifically for Continental Europe market by DAF.

The SB250 chassis could be fitted with bodywork supplied by fellow VDL Bus & Coach subsidiaries VDL Berkhof, Valkenswaard or Jonckheere), etc.

Like its competitor, the Volvo B7L, the engine was mounted at the left side of the rear overhang (thus the rear door can be located as rearward as possible), but the radiator was mounted on the roof.

A revised version of SB250 was launched in 2004 as the SB250+. The design has received a number of modifications, including the use of the independent front suspension.

Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.
Elephant of Yusuf al-Bahili
The elephant of Yūsuf al-Bāhilī, known as the Chessman of Charlemagne or Eléphant de Charlemagne, is an ivory sculpture, possibly part of a chess set and probably carved in Sindh in the 9th century AD. It has been in Paris since at least the 16th century.

Avinoam Shalem
Avinoam Shalem (Hebrew: אבינועם שלם; born 1959) is the Riggio Professor of the History of the Arts of Islam at Columbia University. He served as director of the American Academy in Rome from 2020 to 2021.
Tufanganj railway station
Tufanganj railway station serves the city of Tufanganj lying in Cooch Behar district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The station lies in New Cooch Behar-Golokganj branch line under Alipurduar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. Important trains like Kolkata–Sairang Express,  Alipurduar–Silghat Town Rajya Rani Express, Siliguri–Dhubri Intercity Express are available from Tufanganj.

Alipurduar railway division
Alipurduar railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 15 January 1958 and its headquarter is located at Alipurduar in the state of West Bengal.

Katihar railway division, Lumding railway division, Tinsukia railway division and Rangiya railway division are the other four railway divisions under the NFR Zone headquartered at Maligaon, Guwahati.
Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory
Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory (also known as VC theory) was developed during 1960–1990 by Vladimir Vapnik and Alexey Chervonenkis. The theory is a form of computational learning theory, which attempts to explain the learning process from a statistical point of view.

Empirical process
In probability theory, an empirical process is a stochastic process that characterizes the deviation of the empirical distribution function from its expectation.
In mean field theory, limit theorems (as the number of objects becomes large) are considered and generalise the central limit theorem for empirical measures. Applications of the theory of empirical processes arise in non-parametric statistics.
Horsley Cross
Horsley Cross is a hamlet in Tendring District in the English county of Essex.

Horsley Cross lies on the B1035 road just to the north of the main A120 that connects London and Harwich and to the south of Horsleycross Street. Notable edifices are the Cross Inn and the water tower. The parishes of Mistley, Bradfield and Wix all meet at the Horsley Cross roundabout, where the abovementioned roads cross each other.

The population of the hamlet is included in the civil parish of Mistley.

Tendring District
Tendring District is a local government district in north-east Essex, England. Its council is based in Clacton-on-Sea, the largest town. Other towns are Brightlingsea, Harwich, Dovercourt, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze, and Manningtree.

The district borders the City of Colchester to the west and the Babergh District of Suffolk, across the estuary of the River Stour, to the north. To the east and south, it faces the North Sea, with the estuary of the River Colne to the south-west. The area is sometimes referred to as the Tendring Peninsula.

The modern local government district was formed in 1974. The name Tendring comes from the ancient Tendring Hundred which was named after the small village of Tendring.
Liesbeek (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Liesbeek was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1929. Named for the Liesbeek River, the seat covered various areas on what was then the eastern edge of Cape Town. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Pampa Oilers
The Pampa Oilers were a West Texas–New Mexico League (1940–1942, 1946–1955) and Southwestern League (1956–1957) minor league baseball team based in Pampa, Texas, USA. They were affiliated with the Oklahoma City Indians in 1953 and 1954.

They won league championships in 1946, 1954 and 1955, under managers Grover Seitz, Hersh Martin and Seitz, respectively.

Notable players and managers include Sammy Hale, George Milstead, Warren Hacker, John Bottarini, Luis Suarez, Ted Pawelek, Tommy Thompson Lou Johnson, and Deck Woldt.

They were the only minor league team to ever come out of Pampa.

Pampa, Texas
Pampa (from the Quechua: pampa, meaning "plain") is a city in Gray County, Texas, United States. Its population was 16,867 as of the 2020 census. Pampa is the county seat of Gray County and is the principal city of the Pampa micropolitan statistical area, which includes both Gray and Roberts Counties. Pampa is named after the Pampas Lowlands in Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.

Pampa hosts the Top o' Texas Rodeo each year in July, which brings competitors from Texas and the surrounding states to Gray County. The White Deer Land Company Museum, which showcases ranching exhibits, is located in downtown Pampa.