hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balmville Tree
The Balmville Tree was an old-growth eastern cottonwood growing at the intersection of River Road, Balmville Road and Commonwealth Avenue in Balmville, New York, a hamlet within the Town of Newburgh. It was the oldest tree of that species in the Eastern United States.

It was thought at first to be a Balm-of-Gilead tree, and lent that name to the surrounding community. By the late 20th century its size had led to consideration of its removal as a potential traffic hazard. The community rallied around efforts to save it, which led to its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 along with a neighboring house. The state took ownership of the land, making it New York's smallest state forest. However, the tree kept suffering structural problems, and it was finally cut down in 2015.

Populus × jackii
Populus × jackii  (balm-of-Gilead, bam bud, bom-a-gilly) is the hybrid between balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera, and the eastern cottonwood, Populus deltoides, occurring occasionally where the two parental species' ranges overlap. The name is considered a synonym of Populus ontariensis. It is sometimes called a cottonwood. This hybrid is also sometimes planted as a shade tree, and occasionally escapes from cultivation.  This hybrid is also known by the synonyms

Populus × andrewsii Sargent

P. × bernardii Boivin

Populus candicans W. Aiton

P. × dutillyi Lepage

P. × generosa Henry

P. × gileadensis Rouleau

P. manitobensis Dode.

The parental balsam poplar, P. balsamifera, is also known as P. tacamahaca and P. trichocarpa, and is widespread in boreal North America.  The name Populus candicans has been variously used for either P. balsamifera or P.  × jackii;  it is currently considered a synonym of P. balsamifera.
LSWR X2 class
The LSWR X2 class was a class of express passenger 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for the London and South Western Railway by William Adams. Twenty were constructed at Nine Elms Locomotive Works between 1890 and 1892.

The class were numbered 577–596, and were an enlarged version of the 460 class. Adams had designed his 7-foot-1-inch (2.159 m) drivered locomotives for the London to Bournemouth route, while the 6-foot-7-inch (2.007 m) drivered locomotives were intended for the London to Salisbury route which had more severe gradients.

All passed to the Southern Railway at the grouping in 1923. Withdrawals started in 1930, and by the end of 1933, only four remained. No. 592 went in 1936, numbers 587 and 590 were retired during 1937, leaving only No. 586, which was withdrawn in November 1942. All were scrapped.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
1998 NRL season
The 1998 NRL season was the 91st season of professional rugby league football in Australia, and the inaugural season of the newly formed National Rugby League (NRL). After the 1997 season, in which the Australian Rugby League and Super League organisations ran separate competitions parallel to each other, they joined to create a reunited competition in the NRL. The first professional rugby league club to be based in Victoria, the Melbourne Storm was introduced into the League, and with the closure of the Hunter Mariners, Western Reds/Perth Reds and South Queensland Crushers, twenty teams competed for the premiership, which culminated in the 1998 NRL Grand Final between Brisbane and Canterbury-Bankstown. It was also the final season for the Illawarra Steelers and the St. George Dragons as their own clubs prior to their merger into the St. George-Illawarra Dragons for the 1999 NRL season

Super League (Australia)
Super League was an Australian rugby league football administrative body that conducted professional competition in Australia and New Zealand for one season in 1997. Along with Super League of Europe, it was created by News Corporation during the Super League war which arose following an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the pay television rights to rugby league in Australia. After two years of legal battles the competition was played for a single season in 1997 alongside the rival Australian Rugby League (ARL) competition before the two merged in 1998 to form the National Rugby League (NRL).
Pelota (boat)
A pelota was an improvised rawhide boat used in South and Central America for crossing rivers. It was similar in some respects to the coracle of the British Isles or the bull boat of North America, but it had little or no wooden framework or internal supporting structure, often relying entirely on the stiffness of the hide and the packing of the cargo to keep it open and afloat. Thus, the hide could be carried about on horseback and set up quickly in an emergency, a commonplace rural skill. The vessel was towed by an animal, or by a human swimmer gripping a cord with the teeth, who had to be careful not to swamp it, women being considered particularly dexterous. Pelotas could convey substantial loads—around a quarter of a ton was common—and even small artillery pieces. They continued to be used well into the 20th century.

Alcide d'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (French pronunciation: [alsid ʃaʁl viktɔʁ maʁi dɛsalin dɔʁbiɲi]; 6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropology.

D'Orbigny was born in Couëron (Loire-Atlantique), the son of a ship's physician and amateur naturalist. The family moved to La Rochelle in 1820, where his interest in natural history was developed while studying the marine fauna and especially the microscopic creatures that he named "foraminiferans".

In Paris he became a disciple of the geologist Pierre Louis Antoine Cordier (1777–1861) and Georges Cuvier. All his life, he would follow the theory of Cuvier and stay opposed to Lamarckism.
1984–85 OJHL season
The 1984–85 OJHL season is the 13th season of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL). The eight teams of the league played a 48-game season.  The all eight teams made the playoffs.

The winner of the OJHL playoffs, the Orillia Travelways, were already hosting the 1985 Centennial Cup and were therefore exempted from the Buckland Cup/Dudley Hewitt Cup series against the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League champion.  Instead, the league finalists, the Aurora Tigers were granted the option of playing for the OHA and Central Canadian Championship.  Both the Tigers and Travelways ended up at the Centennial Cup, which the Travelways won.

Couchiching Terriers
The Couchiching Terriers were a Junior A ice hockey team from Rama, Ontario, Canada from Lake Couchiching.  The team originated in neighbouring Orillia, Ontario, and played in the Ontario Junior A Hockey League.  The Terriers were 1985 Centennial Cup National Champions and three time Dudley Hewitt Cup Central Canadian Champions (1984, 1985, 1986).  The team folded in 2010 when offered a buyout from the league.
Agkistrodon howardgloydi
Agkistrodon howardgloydi is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to Central America. It is most commonly called castellana,: 135 p. : 87 p. : 718 p.  but it has also been called the southern cantil,: 60 p.  Gloyd's moccasin, and a number of other colloquial names. It is a rare species with a relatively small geographic distribution in the tropical dry forest on the Pacific coast of Honduras, Nicaragua, and extreme northwest Costa Rica.: 62 p.  A. howardgloydi is a stout, medium-sized snake with a maximum total length (including tail) of 96 cm (38 in). It is a viviparous species, with females giving birth in the rainy season from May to August.: 91 p. : 249–265 p.  No clinical reports on envenomation had been published (as of 1999), but laboratory tests and analysis indicate the venom is highly toxic and similar to its close relative Agkistrodon bilineatus, and potentially lethal.: 482 p.

Agkistrodon
Agkistrodon is a genus of pit vipers commonly known as American moccasins. The genus is endemic to North America, ranging from the northeastern United States to northern Costa Rica. Eight species are recognized as being valid, all of them monotypic and closely related.  Common names include: cottonmouths, copperheads, and cantils.
Bonnaya ciliata
Bonnaya ciliata, the fringed pimpernel, is a species of flowering plant in the family Linderniaceae. This annual, broad-leaved herb grows up to 13 cm high and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and northern Australia. Its native range includes the Himalayas, Western Ghats, Burma, parts of China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Australia, thriving primarily in seasonally dry tropical biomes. The plant features oppositely arranged, lanceolate-oblong leaves with serrated margins and produces light purple or white flowers in racemes.

Linderniaceae
Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. It is commonly known as the false-pimpernel family. Vandellia micrantha is eaten in Laos, but tastes bitter. Best known are the wishbone flowers Torenia fournieri and Torenia thouarsii, which are used as bedding plants, especially in the tropics. Micranthemum is sold as an aquarium plant under the name 'baby tears'.

In other classifications it used to be included within family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato or more recently in Plantaginaceae sensu lato, but several authors have demonstrated that this taxon should be segregated from those families, as Linderniaceae, and it has been recognized by LAPG II and APG III.
Recently a phylogeny has been published  and two new Brazilian genera Catimbaua and Isabelcristinia were recently added to the family. Studies on the family limits of Linderniaceae are pending.
Sigma Boötis
Sigma Boötis is a single, yellow-hued star in the northern constellation of Boötes. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from σ Boötis, and abbreviated Sigma Boo or σ Boo. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.46. Located to the southeast of Rho Boötis, the dwarf Sigma may at first appear as a naked-eye double, but the angular proximity with Rho is merely line-of-sight. Sigma Boötis is located at a distance of 51.4 light-years (16 pc) from the Sun based on parallax. The star has a relatively high proper motion and is traversing the sky at the rate of 0.230″ yr−1.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Black-headed penduline tit
The black-headed penduline tit (Remiz macronyx) is a species of bird in the family Remizidae.
It is found in Central Asia in reed beds along lakes or rivers. Its distribution is fragmented. It is the least thoroughly-documented bird in the Remiz genus, and has been described as one of the most poorly-known bird in Central Asia.

Remiz
Remiz is a genus of birds in the family Remizidae, commonly known as the Eurasian pendulines (in contrast to the African pendulines). Like other penduline tits, they are named for their elegant, pendulous nests.
GWR 3206 Class
The 3206 or Barnum Class consisted of 20 locomotives built at Swindon Works for the Great Western Railway in 1889, and was William Dean's most successful 2-4-0 design. Numbered 3206–3225, they were the last GWR locos built at Swindon with "sandwich" frames (outside frames consisting of timber between two sheets of steel).

2-4-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. In most of North America it became known as a Porter.

The notation 2-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached tender. A subset is 2-4-0WT, a configuration in which the water is under the bolier in a well tank.
Johann Christoph Röhling
Johann Christoph Röhling (27 April 1757 – 19 December 1813) was a German botanist and clergyman who was a native of Gundernhausen, a town near Darmstadt.

He studied theology in Giessen, and later taught school in Frankfurt am Main. In 1792 he became a pastor in Braubach, and in 1800, a parish priest in Breckenheim.

Röhling was the author of "Deutschlands Flora", an important treatise on German flora, of which the first edition was published in 1796. He also published a work on mosses of Germany titled "Deutschlands Moose" (1800). He was the taxonomic authority of the plant genus Melandrium (family Caryophyllaceae). The plant genus Roehlingia (family Dilleniaceae) was named after him by August Wilhelm Dennstedt.

August Wilhelm Dennstedt
August Wilhelm Dennstedt (1776–1826), surname sometimes spelled Dennstaedt, was a German medical doctor and botanist who was bürgermeister of Magdala, a town near Weimar. From 1817 he was scientific director of the Grand Ducal Garden in Belvedere.

He was the taxonomic author of numerous botanical taxa; three examples being the genera Bruxanelia, Coulejia and Merremia. He entered many of his taxonomic findings in the register "Schlüssel zum Hortus indicus malabaricus". The genus Dennstaedtia Bernh. (family Dennstaedtiaceae) is named in his honor.

The standard author abbreviation Dennst. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Asiavorator
Asiavorator (meaning "Asian devourer") is an extinct genus of civet-like carnivoran belonging in the family Stenoplesictidae. It was endemic to Asia and lived during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs.

The teeth of Asiavorator suggest that it was omnivorous or more precisely, ranged from hypercarnivorous to mesocarnivorous.

Stenoplesictis
Stenoplesictis is an extinct genus of enigmatic aeluroid carnivoran restricted to western Europe that lived during the Oligocene epoch. It was named by Henri Filhol in 1880 and contains the type species S. cayluxi as well as two other species, S. minor and S. crocheti. While several additional species from Asia and Africa had been assigned to it, S. muhoronii is the only species of Stenoplesictis needing a reassignment to another genus.

Species of Stenoplesictis were generally small-sized, with the smallest one, S. minor, being the size of mongooses of the genus Helogale. Stenoplesictis differs from other stenoplesictid relatives like Palaeoprionodon and Haplogale in several traits, including a flattened upper face of the skull, a narrow snout, and specific differences in the auditory region and dentition. It appeared by the Early Oligocene along with various other carnivorans including other stenoplesictids, and lasted up to the Late Oligocene.
Baksila
Baksila is a village and village development committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,996 persons living in 796 individual households. Baksila is a five hours walk from Diktel, headquarters of Khotang District. Surrounded by Baspani, Sungdel, Dipsung, Rakha Saptewor and Kharmi, the village is split into nine wards geographically. It became the headquarters of Kepilasgadhi rural municipality after the local level division in line with the constitution and local level election. It is ward number 4 of Kepilasgadhi RM and Ganesh Bahadur Adhikari is the chairperson of ward. Shree Prithvi Higher Secondary School, Local Buddha Bajar, Kepilasgadhi, etc. are the main places/offices.

Diktel Rupakot Majhuwagadhi Municipality
Diktel Rupakot Majhuwagadhi is a Municipality in Khotang District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. The municipality was established in May 2014 merging some the previous Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Bamrang, Laphyang and Kahalle as Diktel Municipality.

Diktel was renamed to Rupakot Majhuwagadhi on 10 March 2017 after merging some more VDCs. The municipality is divided into 15 wards. It is on 700 m to  2250 m of elevation from sea level. The area of the municipality is 246.51 km2. There are 10,050 households with population of 46,903. By 2020, the name commonly used name Diktel was re-added to the municipality's official name.
Framingham State Rams
The Framingham State Rams are composed of 14 (15 in 2024–25) varsity teams (6 men's, 9 women's) representing Framingham State University in intercollegiate athletics. All teams compete at the NCAA Division III level and all teams compete in the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC).

Westfield State University
Westfield State University (commonly known as Westfield State) is a public university in Westfield, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1839 by Horace Mann as the first public coeducational college in America.
1962 Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football season
The 1962 Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football season was the season of college football played by the eight member schools of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC) as part of the 1962 NCAA College Division football season.

The Saint John's Johnnies, in their 18th year under head coach John Gagliardi, won the conference championship with a perfect 9–0 record, outscoring opponents by a total of 274 to 94.

John Gagliardi
John Gagliardi (/ɡəˈlɑːrdi/ gə-LAR-dee; November 1, 1926 – October 7, 2018) was an American football coach. He was the head football coach at Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota, from 1953 until 2012.  From 1949 to 1952, he was the head football coach at Carroll College in Helena, Montana.  With a career record of 489–138–11, Gagliardi has the most wins of any coach in college football history. His Saint John's Johnnies teams won four national titles: the NAIA Football National Championship in 1963 and 1965, and the NCAA Division III Football Championship in 1976 and 2003.  Gagliardi was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006.
Bull Lea
Bull Lea (March 11, 1935 – June 16, 1964) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who is best known as the foundation sire responsible for making Calumet Farm one of the most successful racing stables in American history. In their article on Calumet Farm, the International Museum of the Horse in Lexington, Kentucky wrote that Bull Lea was "one of the greatest sires in Thoroughbred breeding history."

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Ky-Chun So
Ky-Chun So(Korean: 소기천; born 10 June 1958) is a South Korean theologian and is the Kwang Jang Chair Professor of the New Testament, Early Christianity, and the Nag Hammadi Library at Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul.  At Claremont School of Theology and the Claremont Graduate University, California, USA, he studied New Testament theology, Nag Hammadi texts and Gospels from James M. Robinson, a disciple of Rudolf Bultmann.

James M. Robinson
James McConkey Robinson (June 30, 1924 – March 22, 2016) was an American scholar who retired as Professor Emeritus of Religion at Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, specializing in New Testament Studies and Nag Hammadi Studies. He was a member of the Jesus Seminar and arguably the most prominent Q and Nag Hammadi library scholar of the twentieth century. He was also a major contributor to The International Q Project, acting as an editor for most of their publications. Particularly, he laid the groundwork for John S. Kloppenborg's foundational work into the compositional history of Q, by arguing its genre as an ancient wisdom collection. He also was the permanent secretary of UNESCO's International Committee for the Nag Hammadi codices. He is known for his work on the Medinet Madi library, a collection of Coptic Manichaean manuscripts.
2015 Coleman Vision Tennis Championships
The 2015 Coleman Vision Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the eighteenth edition of the tournament and part of the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $75,000 in prize money. It took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, on 21–27 September 2015.

2015 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2015 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2015 edition of the second tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
2015 Austrian Athletics Championships
The 2015 Austrian Athletics Championships (German: Österreichische Staatsmeisterschaften in der Leichtathletik 2015) was the year's national championship in outdoor track and field for Austria. It was held on 8 and 9 August at the Franz Fekete Stadium in Kapfenberg. It served as the selection meeting for Austria at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics.

Austrian Athletics Championships
The Austrian Athletics Championships is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Austrian Athletics Federation, which serves as the national championship for the sport in Austria.

The competition was first held in 1911 and women's events were included shortly after in 1918. Separate annual championship events are held for cross country running, road running and racewalking events. There is also an Austrian Indoor Athletics Championships.
Gluvreklett Glacier
Gluvreklett Glacier (72°14′S 2°35′E﻿ / ﻿72.233°S 2.583°E﻿ / -72.233; 2.583) is a glacier flowing northwest between Von Essen Mountain and Terningskarvet Mountain in the Gjelsvik Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Gluvreklettbreen.

Von Essen Mountain
Von Essen Mountain (72°14′S 2°23′E﻿ / ﻿72.233°S 2.383°E﻿ / -72.233; 2.383) is a mountain, 2,665 m, marking the southwestern end of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59). Named for R.G.D.J. Von Essen, commander of the Swedish Air Force unit (1951–52) with the NBSAE.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Von Essen Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.