hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1931 Menshevik Trial
The Menshevik Trial was one of the early purges carried out by Stalin in which 14 economists, who were former members of the Menshevik party, were put on trial and convicted for trying to re-establish their party as the "Union Bureau of the Mensheviks". It was held 1–8 March 1931 in the House of Unions. The presiding judge was Nikolay Shvernik.

Purge
In history, religion and political science, a purge is a position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another, their team leaders, or society as a whole. A group undertaking such an effort is labeled as purging itself.

Purges can be either nonviolent or violent, with the former often resolved by the simple removal of those who have been purged from office, and the latter often resolved by the imprisonment, exile, or murder of those who have been purged. Governments who enact purges but want to obscure that they are doing so, may often justify their actions as dealing with security threats (such as terrorists) or corruption.
Carriage of goods by sea
The law of carriage of goods by sea is the body of law that governs the rights and duties of shippers, carriers and consignees of marine cargo. Primarily concerned with cargo claims, this body of law combines the international commercial law, the law of the sea and admiralty laws.

Deviation (law)
The doctrine of deviation is a particular aspect of contracting for the carriage of goods by sea. A deviation is a departure from the "agreed route" or the "usual route", and it can amount to a serious breach of contract.

The consequences of unjustified deviation can be very grave for the carrier, who is thereby prevented from relying upon exclusion clauses within the contract limiting his liability; nor will the carrier be able to rely on statutory protections, such as Article IV of the Hague-Visby Rules.
Cándida Montilla de Medina
Cándida Montilla de Medina (née Montilla; born 3 October 1962) is a Dominican clinical psychologist. The wife of former president, Danilo Medina. Montilla de Medina served as the First Lady of the Dominican Republic from 2012 to 2020.

First Lady of the Dominican Republic
First Lady of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Primera dama de la República Dominicana) is the title referring to the wife, or designee, of the president of the Dominican Republic. The official government Office of the First Lady was created by Decree 741-00 on September 10, 2000.

The position of first lady is not a politically-mandated office, and the first lady plays no official role in the government of the Dominican Republic. However, like many other spouses of heads of state and of government, the first lady of the Dominican Republic is a public figure who often contributes to philanthropic causes and acts as an unofficial representative for the head of state. There is a government-funded Office of the First Lady, with a staff.

Raquel Arbaje became the first lady on the election of her husband, Luis Abinader, as president in 2020.
1993 Midwestern Collegiate Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1993 Midwestern Collegiate Conference men's basketball tournament (now known as the Horizon League men's basketball tournament) was held March 11–13 at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Evansville defeated Xavier in the championship game, 80–69, to win their second straight (3rd overall) MCC/Horizon League men's basketball tournament title.

The Purple Aces received an automatic bid to the 1993 NCAA tournament as the #14 seed in the Southeast region. Xavier, the regular season conference co-champions, received an at-large bid as the #9 seed in the Midwest region.

Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The Horizon League men's basketball conference tournament is held annually at the end of the men's college basketball regular season. The tournament has been played each year since 1980.  The winner of the tournament is designated the Horizon League tournament champion and receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA men's basketball tournament.  The finals of the tournament are typically among the first held before the field for the NCAA tournament is announced.
Ticketek
Ticketek is an Australian event ticketing company. Founded in 1990, the company is owned by TEG Pty Ltd with its headquarters in Sydney. It operates ticketing operations for entertainment and sporting events in Australia and New Zealand.

Other companies use the name Ticketek in other countries. They are unrelated to Ticketek Australia/NZ operations but are a part of Ticketek Pty Ltd/Softix Pty Ltd.

Ticketek Pty Ltd sell the Softix premium ticketing software created by Softix Pty Ltd (a subsidiary of Ticketek) to other countries. Ticketek Pty Ltd also own the simplified ticket management company Eventopia.

Sydney SuperDome
The Sydney SuperDome, currently known as the Qudos Bank Arena under a naming rights deal, is a multipurpose arena in Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia. It was completed in 1999 as part of the facilities for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Arizona Fire and Medical Authority
Arizona Fire and Medical Authority, often referred to as AFMA, is a fire authority in Maricopa County, Arizona.  Comprising three fire districts that came together to form a Fire and Medical Authority, 
AFMA provides fire protection and emergency medical services to approximately 75,000 people in the communities of Sun City West, Buckeye, Tonopah, Sun Lakes, Guadalupe, and Wittmann. The department is one of 26 jurisdictions within the Phoenix area that is dispatched by the Phoenix Fire Department Regional Dispatch Center and participates in the Automatic Aid system.

Phoenix Fire Department Regional Dispatch Center
The Phoenix Fire Department Regional Dispatch Center (PFDRDC), also referred to as the Phoenix Regional Dispatch Center, is the fire dispatching center for the Phoenix Fire Department and approximately 26 jurisdictions surrounding the Phoenix metropolitan area. All dispatchers are emergency medical dispatch certified and able to provide help over the phone when needed.
Pennsylvania Diners and Other Roadside Restaurants
Pennsylvania Diners & Other Roadside Restaurants is a 1993 documentary created by Rick Sebak. The program originated in a 1992 item in The Pennsylvania Road Show about Lee's Diner. It was to be called "Pennsylvania Diners" but added "Other Roadside Restaurants" to cover other establishments than diners. When it was released on DVD in 2006, additional stories not seen nationally were included.

US 30 Diner
US 30 Diner, known until June 2018 as Lee's Diner and in 2018/2019 as Vicky's Diner, is a stainless steel diner on U.S. Route 30 in West York, York County in Pennsylvania. Originally opened in 1951, it went out of business in late 2019.
House of Pacific Relations International Cottages
The House of Pacific Relations International Cottages is a complex of cottages in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. Built for the 1935 California Pacific International Exposition, they currently house 34 groups that "promote multicultural goodwill and understanding through educational and cultural programs". Groups that do not have their own cottage meet in the nearby Hall of Nations. The United Nations Association of San Diego operates separately out of the neighboring United Nations Building.

In 2021, the House of Pacific Relations International Cottages expanded, adding nine new cottages for Mexico, Panama, the Philippines, Peru, India, Korea, Palestine, Turkey, and the Chamorro people (indigenous people of the Mariana Islands).

In 2025, the House of Somalia was added as the first cottage representing an African nation.

California Pacific International Exposition
The California Pacific International Exposition was an exposition held in San Diego, California, during May 29, 1935–November 11, 1935 and February 12, 1936–September 9, 1936. The exposition was held in Balboa Park, San Diego's large central urban park, which had also been the site of the earlier Panama–California Exposition in 1915.

The Exposition was held to promote San Diego and support its economy, which had slowed with the country's Great Depression. The first year was such a financial and attendance success that it was held over for a second year. The exposition had hundreds of exhibits on history, the arts, horticulture, ethnic cultures, science, and industry. Some concessions and exhibits were unusual, such as the Gold Gulch, Lost Continent of Mu, Zoro Garden Nudist Colony, and the "One Ton Mechanical Man."
Lymphotoxin
Lymphotoxin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, whose members are responsible for regulating the growth and function of lymphocytes and are expressed by a wide variety of cells in the body.

Lymphotoxin plays a critical role in developing and preserving the framework of lymphoid organs and of gastrointestinal immune responses, as well as in the activation signaling of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Lymphotoxin alpha (LT-α, previously known as TNF-beta) and lymphotoxin beta (LT-β), the two forms of lymphotoxin, each have distinctive structural characteristics and perform specific functions.

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers. Members of this superfamily can be released from the cell membrane by extracellular proteolytic cleavage and function as a cytokine. These proteins are expressed predominantly by immune cells and they regulate diverse cell functions, including immune response and inflammation, but also proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and embryogenesis.

The superfamily contains 19 members that bind to 29 members of TNF receptor superfamily. An occurrence of orthologs in invertebrates hints at ancient origin of this superfamily in evolution.

The PROSITE pattern of this superfamily is located in a beta sheet in the central section of the protein that is conserved across all members.
Outline of the Chernobyl disaster
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the Chernobyl disaster, a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986, when the no. 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Ukraine), exploded during a test. The explosion and reactor core fire spread radioactive contaminants across the Soviet Union and Europe. An exclusion zone was formed around the plant, evacuating over 100,000 people primarily from the cities of Pripyat and Chernobyl. With dozens of direct casualties, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at the maximum severity on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The response involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles (about $84.5 billion USD in 2025). It remains the worst nuclear disaster and the most expensive disaster in history, with an estimated cost of
US$700 billion.

Chernobyl Children International
Chernobyl Children International (CCI) is a non-profit, international development, medical, and humanitarian organisation that works with children, families and communities that continue to be affected by the economic outcome of the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The organisation's founder and chief executive is Adi Roche.  Before 2010, it was known as Chernobyl Children's Project International (CCPI).
2024 Open de Oeiras
The 2024 Open de Oeiras was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour 125. It took place in Oeiras, Portugal between 15 and 21 April 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Florian Sénéchal
Florian Sénéchal (born 10 July 1993) is a French racing cyclist, who rides for UCI WorldTeam Arkéa–B&B Hotels. A classics specialist, Sénéchal has taken five victories during his professional career, including a stage win at the 2021 Vuelta a España and winning the French National Road Race Championships in 2022.

Soudal Quick-Step
Soudal–Quick-Step (UCI team code: SOQ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Jurgen Foré. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Iljo Keisse, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt, Dries Devenyns and Kevin Hulsmans.

The team is nicknamed 'The Wolfpack' and has used the term in its branding since 2017.
Pissot Formation
The Pissot Formation is a geologic formation in the Armorican Massif of Normandy, northwestern France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Darriwilian to Sandbian (Dobrotivian in the regional stratigraphy) stages of the Ordovician period.

Darriwilian
The Darriwilian is the upper stage of the Middle Ordovician. It is preceded by the Dapingian and succeeded by the Upper Ordovician Sandbian Stage. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance of the graptolite species Undulograptus austrodentatus around 469.4 million years ago. It lasted for about 10.8 million years until the beginning of the Sandbian around 458.2 million years ago. This stage of the Ordovician was marked by the beginning of the Andean-Saharan glaciation.
Goldberg, Germany
Goldberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔltˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated 24 km northeast of Parchim, and 46 km east of Schwerin.

Ludwigslust-Parchim
Ludwigslust-Parchim, commonly abbreviated as LUP, is a rural district in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At 4,750 km2 (1,830 mi2) it is the second largest district in all of Germany by area, only being surpassed by neighboring Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, while also having the lowest population density of the districts in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the sixth-lowest in Germany overall. Its territory comprises 145 municipalities, 16 thereof towns, most of which are administered by one of the 15 constituent Ämter in the district. The seat of the district administration is Parchim. It is a member of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
MP da Last Don
MP da Last Don is the seventh studio album by American rapper Master P. It was released by Priority Records and Master P's No Limit Records. It features guest appearances by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, E-40, C-Murder, Silkk the Shocker, UGK, Snoop Dogg, Soulja Slim, Mystikal, Fiend, and Soulja Slim.

The album gained mixed reviews. It was also released about the same time as the straight-to-video short film, MP da Last Don. It was promoted as his final studio album, although Master P returned to solo recording with Only God Can Judge Me in 1999.

Soulja Slim
James Adarryl Tapp Jr. (September 9, 1977 – November 26, 2003), better known by his stage name Soulja Slim, was an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for his appearance on Juvenile's 2004 single "Slow Motion", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100. Eight years prior, he signed with Master P's No Limit Records to release his debut studio album, Give It 2 'Em Raw (1998), which peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200. It was followed by three albums until the single's posthumous release, which was in memory of his unsolved murder.
Umm al-Qutuf
Umm al-Qutuf (Arabic: أمّ القـُطـُف; Hebrew: אֻם אל-קֻטוּף) is an Arab village in northern Israel. Located in the triangle, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,237.

Menashe Regional Council
The Menashe Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מנשה, Mo'atza Azorit Menasheh) is a regional council near the city of Hadera, on Israel's north-central coastal plain in the southern Haifa District. It is named after the tribe of Menashe which had been allotted this region (and a much larger territory around) according to the Book of Joshua (17:1-10).
Balnarring
Balnarring is a town in the south-eastern extremity of the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, approximately 63 km (39 mi) south-east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Balnarring recorded a population of 2,371 at the 2021 census.

Balnarring is located about halfway between Hastings and Flinders.

Hastings, Victoria
Hastings (Parre Eurruc-Eurruc in Boonwurrung) is a town on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 58 km (36 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Hastings recorded a population of 10,369 at the 2021 census.

Hastings is part of an urban enclave on Western Port comprising Hastings, Bittern, Crib Point, Tyabb, and Somerville. It is served by Hastings railway station on the Stony Point greater-metropolitan line.

Hastings is situated on an inlet on Western Port, a major port and important environmental area.  Hastings has multiple marinas and is home to many recreational boating activities.
ROBUSTA
ROBUSTA (Radiation on Bipolar for University Satellite Test Application) is a nano-satellite scientific experiment developed by the University of Montpellier students as part of a Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) call for student projects in the field of orbital systems.

The satellite is a Cubesat, the name given to a series of nano-satellites developed as part of student projects. The ROBUSTA mission is to check the deterioration of electronic components, based on bipolar transistors, when exposed to in-flight space radiation. The results of the experiment will be used to validate a new radiation test method proposed by the laboratory.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.
Barron Lake
Barron Lake is a lake in southeastern Labrador near Sandwich Bay, Canada. It covers just under 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi) and is at an elevation of 117 m (384 ft). The lake is located in the 13H12 NTS zone.

Barron River flows out of the lake and joins with North River about 20 km (12 mi) to the north. The Mealy Mountains surround the lake, which is also a part of the Mealy Mountains National Park Reserve.

Mealy Mountains
The Mealy Mountains is a mountain range in the southern portion of Labrador in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The mountains lie south of Lake Melville and cover an area of approximately 26,495 km2 (10,231 mi2).

The Mealy Mountains encompass five of Labrador's ten provincial ecoregions, including coastal barrens, high sub arctic tundra, high boreal forest, mid boreal forest, and string bog. The mountain range reach heights of more than 1,000 m (3,281 ft), with the highest peak being more than 1,180 m (3,871 ft).
Weizhia
Weizhia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes a single species, Weizhia pentaphylla, a climbing perennial native to Zhejiang province in southeastern China.

The genus and species were both described in 2023. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence place the genus in subtribe Glycininae, closely related to the genera Dumasia and Toxicopueraria. Weizhia is distinguished by having usually pinnately 5-foliolate leaves and spurred wing-petals.

Toxicopueraria
Toxicopueraria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae.

Its native range is Pakistan to Southern China and Northern Indo-China.

Species:

Toxicopueraria peduncularis (Benth.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan

Toxicopueraria yunnanensis (Franch.) A.N.Egan & B.Pan
Taniella motutaraensis
Taniella motutaraensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc, in the family Naticidae. Fossils of the species date to early Miocene strata of the west coast of the Auckland Region, New Zealand.

Naticidae
Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape.

Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea.

It has been estimated that worldwide there are about 260–270 recent species of naticid snails. This group is assumed to have originated in the late Triassic or in the early Jurassic. Members of this family can be recognized by the shape of their shells, distinct appearance, or by their predatory behaviour.
Évariste Galois
Évariste Galois (/ɡælˈwɑː/; French: [evaʁist ɡalwa]; 25 October 1811 – 31 May 1832) was a French mathematician and political activist. While still in his teens, he was able to determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial to be solvable by radicals, thereby solving a problem that had been open for 350 years. His work laid the foundations for Galois theory and group theory, two major branches of abstract algebra.

Galois was a staunch Republican and was heavily involved in the political turmoil that surrounded the French Revolution of 1830.  As a result of his political activism, he was arrested repeatedly, serving one jail sentence of several months. For reasons that remain obscure, shortly after his release from prison, Galois fought in a duel and died of the wounds he suffered.

June Rebellion
The June Rebellion, also called the Paris Uprising of 1832 (French: Insurrection républicaine à Paris en juin 1832), was an anti-monarchist insurrection of Parisian republicans on 5 and 6 June 1832.

The rebellion originated in an attempt by republicans to reverse the establishment in 1830 of the July Monarchy of Louis Philippe, shortly after the deaths from cholera of Prime Minister Casimir Pierre Périer and General Jean Maximilien Lamarque, a popular former Army commander who became a member of the French parliament and was critical of the monarchy. The riots that followed Lamarque's funeral sparked the rebellion. This was the last outbreak of violence linked with the July Revolution of 1830.

The French author Victor Hugo memorialized the rebellion in his 1862 novel Les Misérables, and it figures prominently in the stage musical and films that are based on the book.