hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uveal melanoma
Uveal melanoma is a type of eye cancer in the uvea of the eye. It is traditionally classed as originating in the iris, choroid, and ciliary body, but can also be divided into class I (low metastatic risk) and class II (high metastatic risk). Symptoms include blurred vision, loss of vision, and photopsia, but there may be no symptoms.

Tumors arise from the pigment cells that reside within the uvea and give color to the eye. These melanocytes are distinct from the retinal pigment epithelium cells underlying the retina that do not form melanomas. When eye melanoma is spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate is about 15%.

It is the most common type of primary eye cancer. Males and females are affected equally. More than 50% spread, mostly to the liver.

Iris (anatomy)
The iris (pl.: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris.
Adi M. Sethna
Lieutenant General Adi Meherji Sethna, PVSM, AVSM was an Indian Army General who served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff.

After graduating from The Doon School and Allahabad University he was commissioned into the Indian Army and posted to the 6th Rajputana Rifles on 21 May 1944. He began his military career fighting in Malaya during the Second World War.

He was one of the few Indians to attend both the Royal College of Defence Studies and the Camberly Staff College in England. He was ADC to the second Governor-General of India C. Rajagopalachari as well as Dr. Rajendra Prasad

He also played an active role in the strategy for the Bangladesh campaign and was awarded India's third highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan. He
guided the Delhi Parsi Anjuman and the Federation of Zoroastrian Anjumans for 20 years. Adi Sethna was also the Founder President of the UNESCO Parsi-Zoroastrian Project (PARZOR). He died of cancer in 2006.

Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)
The Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) is a statutory position in the Indian Armed Forces usually held by a three star Lieutenant General. As the second highest ranking officer in the Indian Army, the VCOAS serves as the deputy professional head of the Indian Army and the senior most Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the Chief of the Army Staff. The VCOAS  serves as the senior adviser to the Minister of Defence. The office holder is usually the second most senior army officer unless the Chief of Defence is an army officer.

The current VCOAS is Lieutenant General Pushpendra Pal Singh who assumed the office on 1 August 2025.
Agadez and Arlit attacks
On 23 May 2013, two coordinated attacks perpetrated by Islamist affiliates targeted the two Niger towns of Agadez and Arlit, the first being a military base the other a French-owned and operated uranium mine. In the first attack on the Niger military base, in which eight attackers participated, 23 soldiers and a civilian were confirmed dead by the next day. The second attack by two suicide bombers also claimed a worker at the mine. The Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO) later claimed responsibility, saying "We attacked Niger for its cooperation with France in the war against Sharia (Islamic law)". They also promised more attacks to come in retaliation for Niger's involvement in the Northern Mali conflict. Reports suggested Islamist leader Mokhtar Belmokhtar of being the "mastermind" of both attacks, supervised by his brigade the "Signatories of Blood". These were the first such attacks within the country in Niger's history.

Agadez
Agadez (Air Tamajeq: ⴰⴶⴰⴷⴰⵣ, Agadaz), formerly spelled Agadès, is the fifth largest city in Niger, with a population of 110,497 based on the 2012 census. The capital of the eponymous Agadez Region, the city lies in the Sahara desert, and is also the capital of Aïr, one of the traditional Tuareg–Berber federations. The historic centre of the town has been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Pietà (Stanzione)
The Pietà is a 1638 oil on canvas painting by Massimo Stanzione, commissioned in 1638 for the Certosa di San Martino, where it still hangs. He also treated the subject in a 1621-1625 work now in the Gallerie nazionali d'arte antica in palazzo Barberini, Rome.

Its treatment of colour is influenced by Jusepe de Ribera and its pyramidal composition is heavily influenced by the Pietà by Annibale Carracci. Some accounts state that Ribera, who was producing a work on the same subject for the Certosa's sacristy, became so afraid that Stanzione's work would overshadow his that he suggested adding a compound of his own making to it to make its colours brighter. This compound in fact damaged Stanzione's pigments but Stanzione refused the monks' request to restore the work.

Pietà (Annibale Carracci)
Pietà is a c. 1600 oil on canvas painting by the Italian painter Annibale Carracci, which was commissioned by Odoardo Farnese. It moved from Rome to Parma to Naples as part of the Farnese collection and is now in the National Museum of Capodimonte in Naples. It is one of many 16th-century Bolognese paintings dedicated to the theme of the Pietà, and it is counted among Carracci's masterpieces.
Trophée des Championnes
The Trophée des Championnes is a French women's association football trophy contested as an annual match between the champions of Division 1 Féminine and the winners of the Coupe de France Féminine from previous season. It is the female equivalent to Trophée des Champions which is played since 1995. If both league and cup are won by the same team, the league runners-up will be qualified to play this match as the second team.

Coupe de France Féminine
The Coupe de France Féminine (French pronunciation: [kup də fʁɑ̃s feminin], Women's French Cup) is the top annual cup tournament for French women's football clubs. The competition is open to all professional and non-professional women's teams in France. Founded in 2001 as Challenge de France, the competition was renamed as Coupe de France féminine from the 2011–12 season.

Olympique Lyonnais holds the record for most titles overall, having won ten times. The defending champions are Paris FC, who defeated Paris Saint-Germain in the final on 3 May 2025.
Sh 2-126
Sh 2-126 (also known as Great Lacerta Nebula or Star Funnel Nebula) is a large emission nebula and molecular cloud complex in the constellation Lacerta. It is a prominent member of the Lacerta OB1 association.

The primary source of ionization is the bright O-type star 10 Lacertae (O9V), a member of the Lacerta OB1 association. Additional ultraviolet radiation comes from other massive stars in the association, as well as from the embedded Herbig Ae/Be star V375 Lacertae (A7Ve).

10 Lacertae
10 Lacertae (10 Lac) is a star in the constellation Lacerta. With an apparent magnitude of 4.9, it is located around 550 parsecs (1,800 ly) distant in the small Lacerta OB1 association.  It is a hot blue main-sequence star of spectral type O9V, a massive star that is currently fusing its core hydrogen. It is a suspected Beta Cephei variable star.

It was one of the first O-type stars (along with S Monocerotis) to be defined as an anchor point for the MKK spectral classification; since the early twentieth century it has served as such a point. Specifically, the star is representative of O9V stars, meaning relatively cool O-type stars on the main-sequence.

It is the star with the smallest angular diameter measured by the CHARA array as of 2018, at 0.11±0.02 milliarcseconds.

10 Lacertae has an 8th magnitude companion about one arc-minute away.
Vanessa Gray
Vanessa Gray (born 16 May 1971) is a former English Rugby Union player. She represented England at the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup. She started ahead of Sophie Hemming in the 2007 Six Nations clash against Ireland which they won 32–0.

Sophie Hemming
Sophie Alexandra Hemming (born 20 June 1980) is an English former rugby union player with 71 caps. She represented England at the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup and was also named in the squad to the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup. She also won the RFU Linda Uttley Award in recognition of her dedication and commitment.

Hemming attended Norwich High School for Girls. Outside rugby, Hemming is a veterinarian. Her rugby career required for her to make significant adjustments to her profession, transitioning from a farmyard to a domestic vet. She said that this change helped her plan her training and reduced the physical exhaustion that came with her demanding job of treating farm animals.

Currently, she is a national Elite XC bike racer for BW Cycling.
Svartnuten
Svartnuten is a mountain in Sel Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,844-metre (6,050 ft) tall mountain is located in the Rondane mountains within Rondane National Park. The mountain sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the town of Otta. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Vinjeronden and Rondeslottet to the northeast, Storronden and Rondvasshøgde to the east, Simlepiggen to the southeast, Steet and Hoggbeitet to the west, and Veslesmeden to the northwest.

Rondeslottet
Rondslottet is the highest mountain in the Rondane mountain range in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,178-metre (7,146 ft) tall mountain sits on the border between Dovre Municipality and Folldal Municipality, just north of the border with Sel Municipality. There is a trail leading to the summit.
Leuserattus
Leuserattus is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2012 by Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Leuserattus gunung, found in Sumatra.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Geeta Bhukkal
Geeta Bhukkal (born 16 August 1968) is an Indian National Congress politician representing the Jhajjar constituency in the Haryana Legislative Assembly, India. 
She is serving her fifth term as a Member of Legislative Assembly from the state of Haryana. She also held the portfolios of Education, Health, Women & Child Development, Social Justice & Empowerment, Welfare of SCs & BCs, Industrial Training and Printing & Stationery as a Minister in the Haryana Cabinet.

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, commonly known as the Right to Education Act (RTE), is a legislation enacted by the Parliament of India on 4 August 2009. It provides for free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years in India, in accordance with Article 21A of the Constitution of India. The Act came into effect on 1 April 2010, making India one of 135 countries to recognise education as a fundamental right for every child.
Bletoppen
Bletoppen or Store Ble is a mountain in Tinn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 1,340-metre (4,400 ft) tall mountain is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the village of Hovin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the town of Notodden. The mountain is the highest mountain in the Blefjell mountain range which lies on the border of Telemark and Buskerud.

From the summit, there is a view of Jonsknuten and Skrimfjella in the southeast, Lifjell in the southwest, Gaustatoppen in the west, and Hardangervidda in the northwest.

The summit is most easily reached by following a marked trail from the parking lot at Nordstul, a 3 to 4 hour hike in the summer. Numerous shorter paths start at the road to Fosskard and go up the steep western side of Blefjell.

Hardangervidda
Hardangervidda (English: Hardanger Plateau) is a mountain plateau (Norwegian: vidde) in central southern Norway, covering parts of Vestland, Telemark, and Buskerud counties. It is the largest plateau of its kind in Europe, with a cold year-round alpine climate, and one of Norway's largest glaciers, Hardangerjøkulen, is situated here. Much of the plateau is protected as part of Hardangervidda National Park. Hardangervidda is a popular tourist and leisure destination, and it is ideal for many outdoor activities.
NGC 7142
NGC 7142 is an open cluster about 6,200 light-years away in the constellation Cepheus.

Due to the observational difficulties NGC 7142 presents, it has been an infrequent topic of research. Current known studies include only work being done at the University of Kansas.

Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.
Total derivative
In mathematics, the total derivative of a function f at a point is used to express best linear approximation near this point of the function with respect to its arguments.  Unlike partial derivatives, the total derivative approximates the function with respect to all of its arguments, not just a single one.  In many situations, this is the same as considering all partial derivatives simultaneously.  The term "total derivative" is primarily used when f is a function of several variables, because when f is a function of a single variable, the total derivative is the same as the ordinary derivative of the function.: 198–203

Row and column vectors
In linear algebra, a column vector with ⁠⁠ elements is an  matrix consisting of a single column of ⁠⁠ entries. Similarly, a row vector is a  matrix, consisting of a single row of ⁠⁠ entries. For example, ⁠⁠ is a column vector and ⁠⁠ is a row matrix:

(Throughout this article, boldface is used for both row and column vectors.)

The transpose (indicated by T) of any row vector is a column vector, and the transpose of any column vector is a row vector:

Taking the transpose twice returns the original (row or column) vector: ⁠⁠.

The set of all row vectors with n entries in a given field (such as the real numbers) forms an n-dimensional vector space; similarly, the set of all column vectors with m entries forms an m-dimensional vector space.

The space of row vectors with n entries can be regarded as the dual space of the space of column vectors with n entries, since any linear functional on the space of column vectors can be represented as the left-multiplication of a unique row vector.
IRAS 04125+2902 b
IRAS 04125+2902 b, also known as TIDYE-1b, is an extremely young exoplanet orbiting the young protostar IRAS 04125+2902 approximately 520 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Taurus. It is the youngest transiting exoplanet so far discovered, with an age of just three million years. Over time, the planet will continue to shrink as it continues consolidating material. The planet orbits its host star closely at a distance of 0.07 AU every 8.8 days.

The discovery of the exoplanet was announced on November 20, 2024, by the use of the transit method of data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), with the results published in the magazine Nature. It is a potential target for analyzing its atmosphere, if it has one, by the James Webb Space Telescope since it is still young and likely has an extended atmosphere.

Planetary migration
Planetary migration occurs when a planet or other body in orbit around a star interacts with a disk of gas or planetesimals, resulting in the alteration of its orbital parameters, especially its semi-major axis.  Planetary migration is the most likely explanation for hot Jupiters (exoplanets with Jovian masses but orbits of only a few days).  The generally accepted theory of planet formation from a protoplanetary disk predicts that such planets cannot form so close to their stars, as there is insufficient mass at such small radii and the temperature is too high to allow the formation of rocky or icy planetesimals.

It has also become clear that terrestrial-mass planets may be subject to rapid inward migration if they form while the gas disk is still present. This may affect the formation of the cores of the giant planets (which have masses of the order of 10 to 1000 Earth masses), if those planets form via the core-accretion mechanism.
Standardised European Rules of the Air
Standardized European Rules of the Air (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012) is a European regulation laying down the common rules of the air and operational provisions regarding services and procedures in air navigation issued on September 26, 2012. It was issued after the European Commission mandated Eurocontrol and EASA to harmonise the regulations between states.

Regulation (European Union)
A regulation is a legal act of the European Union which becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be distinguished from directives which, at least in principle, need to be transposed into national law. Regulations can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter. Despite their name, Regulations are primary legislation rather than regulatory delegated legislation; as such, they are often described as "Acts" (e.g. the Digital Services Act).
Luís Bilro
Luís Miguel Bilro Pereira (born 1 April 1971), known as Bilro, is a Portuguese retired football and beach soccer player.

While playing association football, in a career that lasted over a decade, he operated as right-back or central defender, having represented União de Leiria for 11 professional seasons.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 245 games and nine goals.

BSWW Mundialito
The BSWW Mundialito, often simply known as Mundialito, is an annual international beach soccer tournament that takes place between few select countries, which are invited to play at the tournament organized by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW). First played in 1994 at Copacabana beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the competition was reignited in 1997 in Portugal, where it was held ever since until 2022. Few nations have won the tournament, those being only Brazil, Portugal, United States, and Spain.

The first Mundialito competition to consist of club teams took place in March 2011, known as the Mundialito de Clubes.
BCL-M5
The BCL-M5 is an armored personnel carrier manufactured in Algeria by the Central Logistics Base (BCL) of Béni Mered, which is a public industrial and commercial establishment (EPIC) under the Algerian Ministry of Defense. Designed in 1991 and entering service in 1993, it is named after the Central Logistics Base (BCL).

Algerian People's National Army
The People's National Army (PNA) (Arabic: الجيش الوطني الشعبي الجزائري, romanized: al-Jaysh al-Waṭanī al-Shaʿbī al-Jazāʾirī) is the military of the Algerian republic. It is the direct successor of the National Liberation Army (ALN), the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front (FLN), which fought French colonial rule during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962).

The People's National Army include the Algerian Land Forces, the Algerian Air Force, the Navy, and the Algerian Air Defence Force. The antecedents of the army were the conventional military units formed in neighbouring Morocco and Tunisia during the war of independence from France.
2017 Atlantic Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 2017 Atlantic Hockey Tournament is the 13th Atlantic Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 3 and March 18, 2017 at home campus locations and at the Blue Cross Arena in Rochester, New York. The tournament champion Air Force was granted Atlantic Hockey's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Atlantic Hockey tournament
The Atlantic Hockey tournament was the conference tournament for the Atlantic Hockey Association. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament. The Atlantic Hockey tournament was discontinued after the 2024 edition, following the merger of the CHA and AHA. The tournament is succeeded by the Atlantic Hockey America men's tournament.
Saint Nicholas Church, Terebovlia
Saint Nicholas Church (Ukrainian: Церква Святого Миколая) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from the 16th century (rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries) in Terebovlia, in the Ternopil Oblast. An architectural monument of national importance.

Terebovlia
Terebovlia (Ukrainian: Теребовля, IPA: [tereˈbɔu̯lʲɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Trembowla; Yiddish: טרעבעוולע, romanized: Trebevle) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. Terebovlia hosts the administration of Terebovlia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 13,226 (2022 estimate); 13,661 (2001).
Geology of England
The geology of England is mainly sedimentary. The youngest rocks are in the south east around London, progressing in age in a north westerly direction. The Tees–Exe line marks the division between younger, softer and low-lying rocks in the south east and the generally older and  harder rocks of the north and west which give rise to higher relief in those regions. The geology of England is recognisable in the landscape of its counties, the building materials of its towns and its regional extractive industries.

Laurasia
Laurasia (/lɔːˈreɪʒə, -ʃə/) was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around 335 to 175 million years ago (Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana 215 to 175 Mya (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pangaea, drifting further north after the split and finally broke apart with the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean c. 56 Mya. The name is a portmanteau of Laurentia and Eurasia.

Laurentia, Avalonia, Baltica, and a series of smaller terranes, collided in the Caledonian orogeny c. 400 Mya to form Laurussia. Laurussia then collided with Gondwana to form Pangaea.  Kazakhstania and Siberia were then added to Pangaea 290–300 Mya to form Laurasia.  Laurasia finally became an independent continental mass when Pangaea broke up into Gondwana and Laurasia.