hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
19th-century London
During the 19th century, London grew enormously to become a global city of immense importance. It was the largest city in the world from about 1825, the world's largest port, and the heart of international finance and trade. Railways connecting London to the rest of Britain, as well as the London Underground, were built, as were roads, a modern sewer system and many famous sites.

Clerkenwell Road
Clerkenwell Road is a street in London.

It runs west–east from Gray's Inn Road in the west, to Goswell Road in the east. Its continuation at either end is Theobald's Road and Old Street respectively.

Clerkenwell Road and Theobalds Road were constructed by the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1874–78 as the central portion of an intended cross-capital arterial road, linking the West End and East End.

The road is served by London Bus routes 55, 243 and night route N55.

The Columbia Graphophone Company established its headquarters and studios in Victorian warehouses at 102-108 Clerkenwell Road shortly before the First World War, and the buildings were a key location in the development of the British recording industry until the 1930s.
Heng, Rogaland
Heng is a small island in the Strand municipality of Rogaland, Norway.  The 0.6-square-kilometre (150-acre) island lies in the Idsefjorden, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the village of Tau on the mainland.  Heng lies roughly halfway between the islands of Hidle and Idse.

Tau, Norway
Tau is a village in Strand municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located on the shore of the Horgefjorden, a branch of the main Boknafjorden. Strand Church is located in the village. The 2.14-square-kilometre (530-acre) village has a population (2019) of 3,212 and a population density of 1,501 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,890/sq mi).

The village lies along the Norwegian National Road 13 highway, southwest of the small villages of Fiskå and Holta and northwest of the town of Jørpeland. The Ryfylke Tunnel connects Tau to the city of Stavanger nearly 20 kilometres (12 mi) away on the other side of a wide fjord.
K. Prathibha Bharathi
Kavali Prathibha Bharathi (born 6 February 1956) is a politician from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. She is a former speaker of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1999–2004). She was the first woman speaker in Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. She was Minister of Social Welfare, Health Welfare and Family Welfare 1983, 1985 and 1994 and served as the Minister of Higher Education between 1995 & 1999. She won successively 5 times (1983 - 2004) from  Etcherla by representing Telugu Desam Party.

Pratibha Bharati was born into a politically active Dalit family in Kavali in the Srikakulam district.  Her father (K. Punnaiah) and grandfather (K. Narayana) had previously served as Members of the Legislative Assembly.

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Telugu: ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసన సభ, ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 175 members who are elected by adult universal suffrage under the first-past-the-post system. The duration of the Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless it is decided to dissolve the Assembly sooner. The Legislative Assembly's main functions include legislation, overseeing of administration, passing the budget, and airing public grievances.

The Legislative Assembly holds three sessions annually, one for Budget and the other for Monsoon and Winter sessions.

The Legislative Assembly took up residence in the interim Legislative Assembly Building in Amaravati beginning from the 2017 Budget session. The new building has systems for automatic speech translation and automatic vote recording.
Strelley Village
Strelley is a village and former civil parish in the Borough of Broxtowe and City of Nottingham in Nottinghamshire, England. It is to the west of Nottingham. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 653, and 496 at the 2021 census. It is also the name of the nearby post war council housing estate. The village lies mainly in the Broxtowe district with a small portion crossing over into the city administrative area, whilst the estate is fully contained in the city of Nottingham. The village is separated from the housing estate by the A6002 road.

Kimberley, Nottinghamshire
Kimberley is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Broxtowe in Nottinghamshire, England, lying 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Nottingham along the A610. The town grew as a centre for coal mining, brewing and hosiery manufacturing. The parish had a population 6,033 at the 2021 census.
Parts of Lindsey
The Parts of Lindsey are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England, covering the northern part of the county.  The Isle of Axholme, which is on the west side of the River Trent, has normally formed part of it.  The district's name originated from the Kingdom of Lindsey of Anglo-Saxon times, whose territories were merged with that of Stamford to form Lincolnshire.

As with the other historic divisions of Lincolnshire, Lindsey is no longer a local government unit, although its name survives in that of two districts of the county council area Lincolnshire (East and West Lindsey), and it is still recognised as a geographical area.

Isle of Axholme
The Isle of Axholme is an area of North Lincolnshire, England, adjoining South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire. It is located between Scunthorpe and Gainsborough, both of which are in the traditional West Riding of Lindsey, and Doncaster, in South Yorkshire.
77th Writers Guild of America Awards
The 77th Writers Guild of America Awards was held on February 15, 2025, to honor the best writing in film, television and radio of 2024. The nominations were announced on January 15, 2025. The Writers Guild originally scheduled to announce the nominations on January 9, but they postponed them twice due to the series of wildfires affecting Southern California.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
2022 Internazionali di Tennis d'Abruzzo
The 2022 Internazionali di Tennis d'Abruzzo was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Francavilla al Mare, Italy between 16 and 22 May 2022.

Francavilla al Mare Open
The Abruzzo Open Francavilla al Mare, previously Francavilla al Mare Open (Italian: Internazionali di Tennis Francavilla al Mare), is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Francavilla al Mare, Italy since 2017.

Igor Zelenay is the doubles record holder with two titles.
2008 Rugby League World Cup Group A
Group A of the 2008 Rugby League World Cup was one of the three groups of teams that competed in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. Group A was the largest of the tournament, consisting of four teams: Australia, New Zealand, England and Papua New Guinea. After all teams had played each other once, only Papua New Guinea did not advance to the knockout stage.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
Suling
The suling (Sundanese:  ᮞᮥᮜᮤᮀ) is a musical instrument of the Sundanese people in Indonesia. It is used in the Degung ensemble. Bamboo ring flute can also be found in Southeast Asia, especially in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore.

Sundanese people
The Sundanese (Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Urang Sunda; Indonesian: Orang Sunda) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to western part of Java island in Indonesia, with the term Tatar Pasundan (ᮒᮒᮁ ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) or Pasundan (ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) which covers most of the administrative areas of the provinces of West Java, Banten, and western part of Central Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second largest ethnic group, and the fourth largest in Southeast Asia. They speak the Sundanese language, which is part of the Austronesian languages.

Sundanese migrants can also be found in Lampung, South Sumatra, and, to a lesser extent, in Central Java and East Java.
The Sundanese people can also be found on several other islands in Indonesia such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Papua.
Evan Strong
Evan Strong (born November 13, 1986) is an American Para-snowboard cross racer who began his career in 2008. He is the gold medalist in para snowboard cross at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia and led the USA team to a sweep of the podium. He went on to represent Team USA in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea and won a silver medal in the banked slalom event.

Northstar California
Northstar California (previously Northstar-at-Tahoe) is a mountain resort in the western United States, located in Placer County, California, near the northwest shore of Lake Tahoe.

Approximately 200 miles (320 km) from the San Francisco Bay Area, the 3,170-acre (12.8 km2) resort features 2,280 ft (690 m) vertical drop of alpine terrain accessed by 19 lifts, a snowmaking system, a cross-country center, a village, on-site lodging and summer activities including an 18-hole golf course and a lift-served mountain bike park.
2008 International Women's Open
The 2008 International Women's Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 34th edition of the International Women's Open, and was part of the Tier II Series of the 2008 WTA Tour. It took place in Eastbourne, United Kingdom, from 16 June through 21 June 2008.

2008 French Open
The 2008 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 107th edition of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 25 May until 8 June 2008.

Justine Henin did not defend her trophy due to her retirement from the sport on May 14. Ana Ivanovic, the runner-up to Henin in 2007, won the Women's Singles. On the men's side, Rafael Nadal won the Men's Singles, and equalled Björn Borg's record of four consecutive French Open titles in the Open Era. Other competitions included men and women's doubles, junior singles and doubles as well as wheelchair and 'veteran' competitions.

The 2008 edition marked the first time in the Open Era no American man or woman reached the singles' quarterfinals at Roland Garros.
Atalia Praratya
Atalia Praratya (born 20 November 1973), also known as Ibu Cinta, is an Indonesian politician and academic. She has served as a member of the House of Representatives for the West Java I electoral district since 1 October 2024. She is the former spouse of Ridwan Kamil, former governor of West Java and former mayor of Bandung.

Since 2013, Atalia has served as a commissioner of PT Urbane Indonesia. She has been a permanent lecturer at Widyatama University since 2020. She is also the founder of Jabar Bergerak and served as Chair of the West Java Provincial Scout Council.

Ridwan Kamil
Mochamad Ridwan Kamil (born 4 October 1971), alternatively Kang Emil or RK, is an Indonesian architect and politician who was the 15th Governor of West Java, the largest (most populous) province of Indonesia. He was also the mayor of Bandung from 2013 to 2018. As an architect, he designed iconic structures in Indonesia and other countries in Asia with his Urbane architectural firm and lectured at the Department of Architecture, Bandung Institute of Technology.
World War Zimmerman
"World War Zimmerman" is the third episode in the seventeenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 240th episode of the series overall, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 9, 2013. The episode parodies the 2013 film World War Z and the killing of Trayvon Martin by George Zimmerman.

South Park season 17
The seventeenth season of the animated television series South Park was announced on May 10, 2013, that premiered on Comedy Central on September 25, 2013, and ended on December 11, 2013. The season satirized various topics and cultural institutions including Minecraft, the George Zimmerman murder trials, the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures, and the HBO television fantasy drama, Game of Thrones. The season received generally positive reviews, with criticism mainly aimed at the start of the season and much praise going to the Black Friday trilogy, which was hailed by IGN to be the show's best multi-arc series since the Imaginationland trilogy. The series continually maintained high ratings throughout the season.
Ole Peter Riis Høegh
Ole Peter Riis Høegh (July 27, 1806 – March 1, 1852) was a Norwegian architect who was one of Norway's first trained civilian architects and was Bergen's first town surveyor. Høegh was born in Grue, Norway. He designed several significant buildings in Bergen and Trondheim. Stylistically, Høegh's architecture is characterized by Neoclassicism,: 31  but also contains early touches of Historicism. He died in Bergen.

Gustav Adolph Lammers
Gustav Adolph Lammers (26 May 1802 – 2 May 1878) was a Norwegian priest, architect, artist and member of parliament. He founded the country's first dissenter congregation, the first church to officially break away from the Church of Norway.
System Center Essentials
System Center Essentials (SCE) was a system management product from Microsoft targeting Windows systems for small and medium size businesses.

The product allows monitoring and alert resolution of server and client computers, applications, hardware, and network devices. Many Microsoft server products, such as Active Directory, Microsoft SQL Server, and Microsoft Exchange Server, can be monitored with SCE. SCE can manage up to 500 Windows clients and 50 servers.

Microsoft has made the decision not to deliver any further full version releases of System Center Essentials.

Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.

The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0, it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.

Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.

Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.
Twinkle Toes
Twinkle Toes is the largest excavator in the Southern Hemisphere. It was used in Christchurch to demolish tall buildings following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes before moving to Wellington following the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake.

Excavator
Excavators are heavy construction equipment primarily consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket, and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house".

The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels, being an evolution of the steam shovel (which itself evolved into the power shovel when steam was replaced by diesel and electric power). All excavation-related movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, which replaced winches, chains, and steel ropes (utilized by dragline excavators).  Another principle change was the direction of the digging action, with modern excavators pulling their buckets toward them like a dragline rather than pushing them away to fill them the way the first powered shovels did.
European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's team all-around
The European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships have been staged since 1955, but the men's team all-around has only been staged since 1994. Russia are the most successful nation with seven titles; Romania, Ukraine and Great Britain, with two each, are the only other multiple champions.

European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships are an annual series of artistic gymnastics championships for male gymnasts from European countries organised by the European Union of Gymnastics. They take place in two biennial formats; in even years they take place in tandem with a junior men's competition, and historically have included a team event, but not an individual all-around. In odd years, they are held in tandem with the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships, and include a team competition. These events are sometimes called the European Individual Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Despite the alternating formats, all winners are considered European champions with one  medal table.

The event is not to be confused with the gymnastics program of the European Games, whose champions are crowned as European Games champions, but not European champions.
Frikkadel
Frikkadel is a traditional Afrikaner dish consisting of usually baked, but sometimes deep-fried, meatballs prepared with onion, bread, eggs, vinegar and spices. These meatballs can be served hot or cold. Many recipes have put a modern twist on this traditional recipe such as alternating chicken and lamb with the traditional beef staple. Frikkadel are also popular in Sri Lankan cuisine by way of the Burgher people.

Meatball
A meatball is ground meat (mince) rolled into a ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning. Meatballs are cooked by frying, baking, steaming, or braising in sauce. There are many types of meatballs using different types of meats and spices. The term is sometimes extended to meatless versions based on legumes, vegetables, mushrooms, fish (also commonly known as fish balls) or other seafood.
Hulkuru
Hulkuru or Guttahalli is a small village in the Kolar Gold Fields Taluk of Kolar district in Karnataka, India. It is situated about 15 kilometers from Kolar Gold Fields.

Hulkuru is famous for the Lakshmi Venkateshwara temple. This place is also called as Bangaru Tirupati. The western part of Venkatapura became Guttahalli.  Bangaru Tirupati was modeled after the famous Venkateshwara Temple of Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh.

Kolar Gold Fields
Kolar Gold Fields (K.G.F.) is a mining region in K.G.F. taluk (township), Kolar district, Karnataka, India. It is headquartered in Robertsonpet, where employees of Bharat Gold Mines Limited (BGML) and BEML Limited (formerly Bharat Earth Movers Limited) and their families live. K.G.F. is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Kolar, 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Bengaluru, capital of Karnataka, India. Over a century, the town has been known for gold mining. The mine closed on 28 February 2001 due to a fall in gold prices, despite gold still being present there. One of India's first power-generation units was built in 1889 to support mining operations. The mine complex hosted some particle physics experiments between the 1960s and 1992.
Øre Church
Øre Church (Norwegian: Øre kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Øre. It is the church for the Øre parish which is part of the Indre Nordmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1865 by the architect Gustav Olsen from Trondheim. The church seats about 330 people.

Gjemnes Municipality
Gjemnes is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway on the Romsdal peninsula. It is part of the Nordmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Batnfjordsøra, which lies along the Batnfjorden and it is a former steamship landing place. Other villages in Gjemnes include Torvikbukt, Flemma, Angvika, Gjemnes, Øre, and Osmarka.

The 382-square-kilometre (147 sq mi) municipality is the 242nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gjemnes Municipality is the 244th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,700. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Islam in Uttar Pradesh
Islam in Uttar Pradesh is the second largest religion in the state with 38,483,967 adherents in 2011, forming 19.26% of the total population. Muslims of Uttar Pradesh have also been referred to as Hindustani Musalman (Urdu: ہندوستانی مسلمان). They do not form a unified ethnic community, but are differentiated by sectarian and Baradari divisions, as well as by language and geography. Nevertheless, the community shares some unifying cultural factors. Uttar Pradesh has more Muslims than any Muslim-majority country in the world except Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Afghanistan.

Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand (Hindi pronunciation: [ɾoːɦɪlkʰəɳɖ]) is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla, a community of Pashtun heritage. The region was called Madhyadesh and Panchala in the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the colonial era in India, the region was governed by the Royal House of Rampur.
Hadleigh Farm
Hadleigh Farm is an educational working farm and cross-country cycling venue located in Hadleigh, within the borough of Castle Point, in the county of Essex. The men's and women's mountain biking events of the 2012 Summer Olympics took place at Hadleigh Farm on 11 and 12 August.

Borough of Castle Point
Castle Point is a local government district with borough status in south Essex, England, lying around 30 miles (48 km) east of London. The borough comprises the towns of South Benfleet, Hadleigh and Thundersley (where the council is based) on the mainland, and the adjoining Canvey Island in the Thames Estuary, which is connected to the mainland by bridges.

The borough borders the City of Southend-on-Sea to the east, Rochford District to the north, the Borough of Basildon to the west, and the Thurrock unitary authority area to the south-west, across Holehaven Creek.