hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Out-of-kilter algorithm
The out-of-kilter algorithm is an algorithm that computes the solution to the minimum-cost flow problem in a flow network. It was published in 1961 by D. R. Fulkerson  and is described here.  The analog of steady state flow in a network of nodes and arcs may describe a variety of processes.  Examples include transportation systems & personnel assignment actions.  Arcs generally have cost & capacity parameters.  A recurring problem is trying to determine the minimum cost route between two points in a capacitated network.  The idea of the algorithm is to identify out-of-kilter arcs and modify the flow network until all arcs are in-kilter and a minimum cost flow has been reached.  The algorithm can be used to minimize the total cost of a constrained flow in an oriented network.

Flow network
In graph theory, a flow network (also known as a transportation network) is a directed graph where each edge has a capacity and each edge receives a flow. The amount of flow on an edge cannot exceed the capacity of the edge. Often in operations research, a directed graph is called a network, the vertices are called nodes and the edges are called arcs.  A flow must satisfy the restriction that the amount of flow into a node equals the amount of flow out of it, unless it is a source, which has only outgoing flow, or sink, which has only incoming flow. A flow network can be used to model traffic in a computer network, circulation with demands, fluids in pipes, currents in an electrical circuit, or anything similar in which something travels through a network of nodes. As such, efficient algorithms for solving network flows can also be applied to solve problems that can be reduced to a flow network, including survey design, airline scheduling, image segmentation, and the matching problem.
Kocaköy, Digor
Kocaköy (Armenian: Նախիջևան) is a village  in Digor District of Kars Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,815 (2022). It is situated on a high plain. The distance to Digor is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) and to Kars is 55 kilometres (34 mi).

Digor, Kars
Digor (Kurdish: Dîgor, Ottoman Turkish: ديغور, Armenian: Տեկոր, romanized: Tekor) is a town in Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Digor District. Its population is 2,304 (2022). The mayor is Nebi Kerenciler (AKP).
The Finders (movement)
The Finders were an intentional community and new religious movement founded in Washington, D.C. and Virginia in the late 1960s by former United States Air Force master sergeant Marion Pettie. They believed in New Age and eastern religious ideas, particularly Taoism.

The Finders came to wider public attention in 1987 with the arrest of two members for misdemeanor child abuse, leading to accusations that the group was a satanic cult, an international pedophile ring, or a kidnapping ring run by the Central Intelligence Agency.

Glover Park
Glover Park is a neighborhood in northwest Washington, D.C., about a half mile north of Georgetown and just west of the United States Naval Observatory and Number One Observatory Circle (the Vice President's mansion). Every morning and evening, Glover Park residents can hear the Naval Observatory play the sounding of colors synchronized to the nation's Master Clock. It is named after Charles Carroll Glover.
Marquette Township, Marquette County, Michigan
Marquette Township is a charter township in Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,140 at the 2020 census. The city of Marquette is located to the southeast of the township and is administratively autonomous.

Charter township
A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. While all townships in Michigan are organized governments, a charter township has been granted a charter, which allows it certain rights and responsibilities of home rule that are generally intermediate between those of a city (a semi-autonomous jurisdiction in Michigan) and a village. Unless it is a home-rule village, a village is subject to the authority of any township in which it is located.

Of Michigan's 1,240 townships, 143 are charter townships. A number of charter townships are among the most populous municipalities in Michigan. For example, Clinton Township and Canton Township, both in Metro Detroit, were respectively the 8th and 9th most populous municipalities in Michigan at the 2020 census. The most recent township to become a charter township is Brady Township in Kalamazoo County, which adopted charter status on January 3, 2024.
Central sleep apnea
Central sleep apnea (CSA) or central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) is a  sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically for 10 to 30 seconds either intermittently or in cycles, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation.  CSA is usually due to an instability in the body's feedback mechanisms that  control respiration. This type of sleep apnea can also be an indicator of Arnold–Chiari malformation.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA [ˈtɛsda]; Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the technical vocational education and training (TVET) authority of the Philippines. As a government agency, TESDA's goals are to develop the Filipino workforce with "world-class competence and positive work values" and to manage, supervise, and provide quality technical-educational and skills development through its direction, policies, and programs.

Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)
The secretary of agriculture (Filipino: Kalihim ng Pagsasaka) is the member of the Cabinet of the Philippines in charge of the Department of Agriculture.

The current secretary is Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr., who assumed office on November 3, 2023.
Suzie Collier
Suzie (Susan) Collier is a British conductor, violinist, and music educator. She is known for her innovative work with orchestras and musicians worldwide, including collaborations with her son, Jacob Collier. In addition to performing, she gives masterclasses at leading institutions, hosts the Suzie Explores podcast, and curates the Suzie Explores Creativity Retreats. Collier was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music in 2021.

Thomas Gould (violinist)
Thomas Gould (born 1983) is a British violinist and the leader of Britten Sinfonia, as well as former leader of Aurora Orchestra. Gould is best known for his playing of the classical music repertoire although he also plays a six-string electric violin and has performed jazz at Ronnie Scott's. He has performed at the Royal Albert Hall, Barbican Centre and Royal Festival Hall in London, as well as Bridgewater Hall, Manchester Arena, Symphony Hall, Birmingham and National Indoor Arena.
Stephen Carlton Clark
Stephen Carlton Clark (August 29, 1882 – September 17, 1960) was an American art collector, businessman, newspaper publisher and philanthropist. He may be best known as the founder of the Baseball Hall of Fame, in Cooperstown, New York.

Fenimore Farm & Country Village
42°42′50″N 74°55′44″W﻿ / ﻿42.714°N 74.929°W﻿ / 42.714; -74.929

Fenimore Farm & Country Village, formerly The Farmers' Museum, is a museum located in Cooperstown, New York. It recreates rural life from the 19th century through exhibits and interactive workshops.  There are more than two dozen authentic, historic buildings on the grounds, including a tavern, a farmstead, a printing office, a pharmacy, a blacksmith's shop, a doctor's office and a general store.  There are also exhibits of nineteenth-century games, a children's barnyard and the Cardiff Giant.
Gigondas
Gigondas (French pronunciation: [ʒiɡɔ̃das]; Occitan: Gigondàs) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 448.

François-Vincent Raspail
François-Vincent Raspail, L.L.D., M.D. (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa vɛ̃sɑ̃ ʁaspaj]; 25 January 1794 – 7 January 1878) was a French chemist, naturalist, physician, physiologist, attorney, and socialist politician.
Midori Komachi
Midori Komachi (小町碧, Komachi Midori; b.1988; pronounced [komaꜜtɕi midoɾi]) is a Japanese violinist, composer, translator and radio presenter based in London. She is internationally recognised for bridging traditional and contemporary music of the United Kingdom and Japan, and for her interdisciplinary work combining music with visual arts, architecture and cultural heritage.

Kengo Kuma
Kengo Kuma (隈 研吾, Kuma Kengo; born August 8, 1954) is a Japanese architect and emeritus professor in the Department of Architecture (Graduate School of Engineering) at the University of Tokyo. Frequently compared to contemporaries Shigeru Ban and Kazuyo Sejima, he is also noted for his prolific writings. Kuma is the designer of the Japan National Stadium in Tokyo, built for the 2020 Summer Olympics. In politics, he is an advisor for the city of Kitakyushu.
1979 US Indoor Championships
The 1979 US Indoor Championships, also known by its sponsored name Michelob Light Classic, was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota in the United States. The event was part of the AAAA category of the 1979 Colgate Series. It was the 71st edition of the tournament and was held from October 1 through October 7, 1979. Fourth-seeded Evonne Goolagong won the singles title, her second at the event after 1973, and earned $20,000 first-prize money.

1979 WTA Tour
The 1979 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Avon Championships Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the US) and the remaining world wide Colgate Series Circuit. The year 1979 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.
Church of St Michael and All Angels, Garton on the Wolds
The Church of St Michael and all Angels, Garton on the Wolds, in the East Riding of Yorkshire is a church of medieval origins that was built c.1132 for the prior of Kirkham Abbey. Long connected to the Sykes family of Sledmere, Sir Tatton Sykes, 4th Baronet engaged John Loughborough Pearson to undertake a major reconstruction of the building in 1856–1857. Sykes son, the fifth baronet, employed George Edmund Street to design a series of murals for interior decoration, depicting a range of bible stories. The murals, "dirty and decaying" when Nikolaus Pevsner recorded the church in his 1972 East Yorkshire volume for the Buildings of England series, were restored in 1985–1991 in Pevsner's memory by the Pevsner Memorial Trust.

The church remains an active parish church and is a Grade I listed building.

Jill Allibone
Jill Spencer Allibone (26 April 1932 – 3 February 1998) was an English architectural historian and the founder of the Mausolea and Monuments Trust. She wrote studies of Anthony Salvin and George Devey, and was a justice of the peace for over 20 years.
Maeldune Centre
The Maeldune Heritage Centre is in Maldon, Essex in England. It commemorates the Battle of Maldon. Its address is Maeldune Heritage Centre, Plume Building, Market Hill, Maldon, Essex, England. In it are the famous Maldon Millennium Embroidery, art displays, and Maldon Society historical displays. Its building was formerly St.Peter's Church, which had become redundant, as there are other churches in Maldon.

Maldon
Maldon (/ˈmɔːldən/, locally /ˈmɒldən/) is a town and civil parish on the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, England. It is the seat of the Maldon District and starting point of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation. It is known for Maldon Sea Salt which is produced in the area. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 14,938, and the Maldon built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which extends beyond the parish boundary to also take in Heybridge to the north, had a population of 23,380.
Cleethorpes (UK Parliament constituency)
Cleethorpes was a constituency created in 1997, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Martin Vickers of the Conservative Party.

Further to the completion of the 2023  review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be subject to boundary changes which will entail the loss of the centre of Cleethorpes to the new constituency of Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes, offset by the addition of the town of Brigg from the disappearing seat of Brigg and Goole. As a consequence, it will be renamed Brigg and Immingham, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.

Brigg
Brigg (/'brɪg/) is a market town and civil parish in the North Lincolnshire district, in Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 5,076 in the 2001 UK census, the population increased to 5,626 at the 2011 census.  The town lies at the junction of the River Ancholme and east–west transport routes across northern Lincolnshire. As a formerly important local centre, the town's full name of Glanford Brigg is reflected in the surrounding area and local government district of the same name. The town's urban area includes the neighbouring hamlet of Scawby Brook.
Pottenstein Castle
Pottenstein Castle (German: Burg Pottenstein) is one of the oldest castles in Franconian Switzerland, a region in the German state of Bavaria. It stands on a rock above the eponymous town of Pottenstein in the Upper Franconian county of Bayreuth. The castle is home to a museum and both may be visited for a fee.

Pegnitz (town)
Pegnitz (German: [ˈpeːɡnɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the Bayreuth district in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 15,000 inhabitants.  It is also the source of the river Pegnitz. The city Bayreuth is about 27 km to the north.

The villages (Ortsteile) in Pegnitz are:

Annual events are the Christmas market, the Open-Air Rock Festival Waldstock, and above all, the seasonal strong-beer festival called Flinderer.
Leisure centre
A leisure centre, sports centre, or recreation centre is a purpose-built building or site, usually owned and provided by the local government authority, where people can engage in a variety of sports and exercise, and keep fit.

Physical fitness
Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest along with a formal recovery plan.

Before the Industrial Revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day's activities without undue fatigue or lethargy. However, with automation and changes in lifestyles, physical fitness is now considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, to improve immune system function, and to meet emergency situations.
Anli Lu station
Anli Lu station (Chinese: 安立路站; pinyin: Ānlì Lù zhàn; lit. 'Anli Road station') is a station on Line 15 of the Beijing Subway. It was opened on December 28, 2014 as a part of the stretch between Wangjingxi and Qinghua Donglu Xikou and is located between Datunludong and Olympic Park stations.

Wangjingxi station
Wangjingxi station (Chinese: 望京西站; pinyin: Wàngjīngxī zhàn) is an interchange station between Lines 13, 15 and 17 on the Beijing Subway. It was the western terminus of Line 15 until it was extended west to Qinghua Donglu Xikou on December 28, 2014.
Knox Chamblin
Knox Chamblin (December 28, 1935 – February 7, 2012) was a pastor and professor emeritus of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi. He earned the B.D. and Th.M degrees in 1961 at Columbia Theological Seminary and, in 1975, earned the Th.D. degree from Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. He taught for thirty-four years, first at Belhaven College (now Belhaven University) in Jackson, Mississippi, then at Reformed Theological Seminary until his retirement in 2001. He taught the theology of the New Testament and explored and critiqued the theology, life, and writings of C. S. Lewis. He published Matthew Volume 1 (Chapters 1-13): A Mentor Commentary.  Volume 2 of this commentary, covering Matthew 14-28, soon followed.

Reformed Theological Seminary
Reformed Christianity portal

Reformed Theological Seminary (RTS) is a theological seminary in the Reformed theological tradition with campuses in multiple locations in the United States. Founded by conservatives in the Southern Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Church in the United States, 1966, serves primarily students from more conservative branches of the Presbyterian and Reformed traditions.
2015–16 Syracuse Orange women's basketball team
The 2015–16 Syracuse Orange women's basketball team represented Syracuse University during the 2015–16 college basketball season. The Orange, led by ninth year head coach Quentin Hillsman, were third year members of the Atlantic Coast Conference and played their home games at the Carrier Dome.

Syracuse finished its regular season with a 23–6 overall record, matching the program record for most regular season wins. The Orange earned their highest finish as a member of the ACC, with a school-record 13 conference victories, and earned a third-seed spot and first-round bye in the conference tournament. Syracuse also received an at-large invitation to the NCAA Tournament, and advanced to the program's first-ever championship game, before losing 82–51 to Connecticut.

2015–16 UConn Huskies women's basketball team
The 2015–16 UConn Huskies women's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Huskies, led by thirty first year head coach Geno Auriemma, won the NCAA tournament and went undefeated. With their eleventh championship win in 2016, the UConn Huskies became the first NCAA Division I women's basketball team to win four straight national championships.
Gender neutrality in Spanish
Feminist language reform has proposed gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish. Grammatical gender in Spanish refers to how Spanish nouns are categorized as either masculine (often ending in -o) or feminine (often ending in -a). As in other Romance languages—such as Portuguese, to which Spanish is very similar—a group of both men and women, or someone of unknown gender, is usually referred to by the masculine form of a noun and/or pronoun. Advocates of gender-neutral language modification consider this to be sexist, and exclusive of gender non-conforming people. They also stress the underlying sexism of words whose feminine form has a different, often less prestigious meaning. Some argue that a gender neutral Spanish can reduce gender stereotyping, deconstructing sexist gender roles and discrimination in the workplace.

Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender
Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender is the usage of wording that is balanced in its treatment of the genders in a non-grammatical sense.
For example, advocates of gender-neutral language challenge the traditional use of masculine nouns and pronouns (e.g. "man" and "he") when referring to two or more genders or to a person of an unknown gender in most Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic languages. This stance is often inspired by feminist ideas about gender equality. Gender neutrality is also used colloquially when one wishes to be inclusive of people who identify as non-binary genders or as genderless.
Plesiosuchus
Plesiosuchus is an extinct genus of geosaurine metriorhynchid crocodyliform known from the Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian stage) of Dorset, England and possibly also Spain. It contains a single species, Plesiosuchus manselii.

Kimmeridge Clay
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Kaihuang Code
The Kaihuang Code (simplified Chinese: 开皇律; traditional Chinese: 開皇律; pinyin: Kāihuáng Lù) was a series of laws formulated in China at the time of Sui dynasty Emperor Wen of Sui (r. 581-604 CE). Containing twelve chapters with 500 provisions, the code reconfirmed the legal institutions of the Five Punishments, Eight Deliberations and Ten Abominations. The legal codes of later Chinese dynasties were based on the Kaihuang Code which is of strategic significance in the history of Traditional Chinese law.

Eight Deliberations
Eight Deliberations (simplified Chinese: 八议; traditional Chinese: 八議; pinyin: Bā Yì), also translated as Eight Considerations, Eight Discussions, Eight Discussed Cases or Eight Precedents, was a set of principles used by traditional Chinese law in order to lessen legal punishment on the royals, nobles and members of upper classes.
Peter Beets
Peter Beets (born 12 June 1971) is a Dutch jazz pianist. He has shared the stage with Chick Corea, Wynton Marsalis, Dee Dee Bridgewater, George Coleman, Johnny Griffin, Chris Potter, Kurt Rosenwinkel and John Clayton. He recorded with Jeff Hamilton and Curtis Fuller and in 2001 he released his New York Trio, which was the start of his international career.

Chris Potter (jazz saxophonist)
Chris Potter (born January 1, 1971) is an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and multi-instrumentalist.

Potter first came to prominence as a sideman with trumpeter Red Rodney (1992–1993), before extended stints with drummer Paul Motian (1994–2009), bassist Dave Holland (1999–2007), trumpeter Dave Douglas (1998–2003) and session work, while also maintaining an active solo career.
Winnipeg Victorias
The Winnipeg Victorias were an amateur senior-level men's amateur ice hockey team in Winnipeg, Manitoba, organized in 1889. They played in the Manitoba Hockey Association (MHA) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  The Victorias won the Stanley Cup in February 1896, 1901 and January 1902 while losing the Cup in December 1896, February 1899, February 1900, March 1902, and February 1903. After the Stanley Cup became the professional championship, the Victorias continued in senior-level amateur play, winning the Allan Cup in 1911 and 1912.

Bullet Joe Simpson
Harold Edward Joseph "Bullet Joe" Simpson (August 13, 1893 – December 26, 1973) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Edmonton Eskimos and New York Americans between 1920 and 1931. He later served as coach of the Americans between 1932 and 1935. Simpson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.