hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harald Schwefel
Harald Schwefel is a German-born physicist currently based in New Zealand. He is a professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Otago and a principal investigator in the Dodd-Walls Centre. His research focuses on the interaction of light and matter in dielectric materials, and his speciality is whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs), small disks of dielectric which confine and store laser light to facilitate nonlinear interactions. He uses these to generate optical frequency combs and to coherently convert between microwave and optical photons.

Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light
The Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL) performs basic research in optical metrology, optical communication, new optical materials, plasmonics and nanophotonics and optical applications in biology and medicine. It is part of the Max Planck Society and was founded on January 1, 2009 in Erlangen near Nuremberg. The institute is based on the Max Planck Research Group "Optics, Information and Photonics", which was founded in 2004 at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, as a precursor. The institute currently comprises four divisions.
1901 City of Christchurch by-election
The City of Christchurch by-election of 1901 was a by-election held on 18 July 1901 during the 14th New Zealand Parliament in the urban seat of the City of Christchurch. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of conservative politician Charles Lewis and won by George John Smith.

Christchurch (electorate)
Christchurch  was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch, New Zealand. It existed three times. Originally it was the Town of Christchurch from 1853 to 1860. From the 1860–1861 election to the 1871 election, it existed as City of Christchurch. It then existed from the 1875–1876 election until the 1881 election. The last period was from the 1890 election to the 1905 election. Since the 1946 election, a similarly named electorate called Christchurch Central has been in existence.

The historic electorate was represented by 21 members of parliament. For some of the time, it was represented by one member at a time. During other periods, it was one of the few three-member electorates in New Zealand.
Himalaya (film)
Himalaya: Caravan  (French: Himalaya: L'Enfance d'un chef) is a 1999 Nepali film directed by Éric Valli and was funded by corporations based in France. It was the first Nepalese film to be nominated in the Best Foreign Film category at the 72nd Academy Awards.

The film is a narrative on both the traditions and the impermanent nature of human struggle to retain and express power in the face of the gods. "The gods' triumph" is the call that echoes at the end of the film and expresses the balancing of karmic destinies. The extreme environment of the Himalayas is magnificently contrasted to the delicacy of humanity and the beauty of Tibetan culture.

The film depicts not only the life style of the upper Dolpo people of the mid western uphills of Nepal but also their traditional customs, for example celestial burial.

Himalayan salt
Himalayan salt is rock salt (halite) mined from the Punjab region of Pakistan. The salt, which often has a pinkish tint due to trace minerals, is primarily used as a food additive to replace refined table salt but is also used for cooking and food presentation, decorative lamps, and spa treatments. The product is often promoted with unsupported claims that it has health benefits.
Results of the 1970 Swedish general election
Sweden held a general election on the 20 September 1970. This was the final general election being held before the municipal reform that cut the number of municipalities to below 290. This was the first unicameral Riksdag elected.

Gothenburg Municipality
Gothenburg Municipality (Göteborgs kommun or Göteborgs stad) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Gothenburg.

When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863 the City of Gothenburg, founded and chartered in 1621, became a city municipality with an elected city council (stadsfullmäktige). Its territory has since then been added through amalgamations in 1868, 1906, 1922, 1931, 1945, 1948, 1967 and 1974. The local government reform of 1971 made the city a unitary municipality, like all others in the country. The municipality prefers, however, to style itself Göteborgs stad (City of Gothenburg), whenever legally possible.

In March 2018 it was reported that the municipality and municipality-owned companies had 236 employees working with public relations (Swedish: kommunikation), more than Stockholm, to a cost of 400 000 SEK daily or 151 million SEK annually.
KLKL
KLKL (95.7 MHz, "The River 95.7") is an American radio station licensed to Minden, Louisiana. The station is broadcasting a classic hits format. The station serves the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area. KLKL is owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. Its studios are located just north of downtown Shreveport, and the transmitter is in Haughton, Louisiana.

Connoisseur Media
Connoisseur Media LLC is an American media company. It is based in Westport, Connecticut and led by Jeff Warshaw. As of September 2025, Connoisseur operates 207 radio stations and digital assets in 24 states.
Air Kiribati
Air Kiribati (pronounced /ɛər ˈkɪrɪbæs/ air KIRR-ib-ass) is the flag carrier of the Republic of Kiribati and operates scheduled passenger services to 20 atolls spread over an area of 3.5 million square kilometres (1,400,000 sq mi).

It is headquartered at Bonriki International Airport on the island of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Regional charter flights, medical evacuation, as well as search and rescue services are also undertaken by the airline.

Tabuaeran
Tabuaeran, also known as Fanning Island, is an atoll that is part of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean and part of the island nation of Kiribati. The land area is 33.73 square kilometres (13.02 square miles), and the population in 2015 was 2,315. The maximum elevation is about 3 m (10 ft) above high tide.

The lagoon has an area of 110 square kilometres (42 square miles). The deepest water in the lagoon is about 15 metres (49 feet), but most of it is very shallow.
Eusebio Peñalver Mazorra
Eusebio Peñalver Mazorra (July 1, 1936 – 2006) was an Afro-Cuban anti-Castro political prisoner who was captured in 1960 during the Escambray rebellion and spent 28 years in prison before being released in 1988.

Afro-Cubans
Afro-Cubans (Spanish: Afrocubano) or Black Cubans are citizens of Cuba who have ancestry from any of the Black racial groups originating from Africa. The term Afro-Cuban can also refer to historical or cultural elements in Cuba associated with this community, and the combining of native African and other cultural elements found in Cuban society, such as race, religion, music, language, the arts and class culture.
Dover Heights
Dover Heights is a cliffside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Dover Heights is 9 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Waverley Council. Its postcode is 2030, shared with Vaucluse and Watsons Bay.

Watsons Bay
Watsons Bay is a harbourside, eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Watsons Bay is located 11 km north-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Municipality of Woollahra.

Watsons Bay sits on the end of the South Head peninsula and takes its name from the sheltered bay and anchorage on its western side, in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour). It provides views across the harbour to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.  The Gap is an ocean cliff on the eastern side with views to Manly at North Head and the Pacific Ocean. Vaucluse is the only adjacent suburb, to the south.
Jahanshah Mirza
Jahanshah Mirza (Persian: جهانشاه میرزا; 1809–1835) was a Qajar prince and poet in 19th-century Iran. He was the son of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834) and his Jewish wife Maryam Khanom. His mother became the thirty-ninth royal consort Fath-Ali Shah Qajar; she was reported to have "no rival in beauty".

Maryam Khanom
Maryam Khanom Bani Isra'il (Persian: مریم خانم یهودی; fl. 1804) was the royal consort of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (r. 1789–1797) and then the thirty-ninth royal consort of Agha Mohammad's nephew and successor Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834).
Maria Manda
Maria Manda Sangma (Bengali: মারিয়া মান্দা; born 10 May 2003) is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Farashganj and the Bangladesh women's national football team. She has also played for the Bangladesh women's national futsal team.

2016 SAFF Women's Championship
The 2016 SAFF Women's Championship  was the 4th edition of the SAFF Women's Championship, the biennial international women's football championship contested by the national teams of the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). The tournament began in India from 26 December 2016 and went on until 4 January 2017. The country was awarded hosting rights in January 2016. This was the first time India had hosted the SAFF Women's Championship.

The defending champions coming into the tournament were India, who won the three previous tournaments. By the end of the tournament, India emerged as champions again, defeating Bangladesh in the final 3–1.
Pintomyia falcaorum
Pintomyia falcaorum is an extinct species of sandfly in the moth fly subfamily Phlebotominae. P. falcaorum is solely known from early Miocene Burdigalian stage Dominican amber deposits on the island of Hispaniola.

Psychodidae
Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagous (feed on blood), may be called sand flies in some countries, although this term is also used for other unrelated flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae).

There are more than 2,600 described species worldwide, most of them native to the humid tropics. This makes them one of the most diverse families of their order. Drain flies sometimes inhabit plumbing drains and sewage systems, where they are harmless, but may be a persistent annoyance.
Turoar
Turoar is a locality in the Rural City of Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia. Towan Plains Reserve is in the locality of Turoar and has powdered gypsum and salt. Turoar post office opened on 15 November 1919 and was closed on 31 October 1942.

Rural City of Swan Hill
The Rural City of Swan Hill is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the north-western part of the state. It covers an area of 6,115 square kilometres (2,361 sq mi) and, in August 2021, had a population of 21,403. It includes the towns of Swan Hill, Lake Boga, Manangatang, Nyah, Nyah West, Piangil, Robinvale, Ultima and Woorinen South.

The Rural City is governed and administered by the Swan Hill Rural City Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Swan Hill, it also has a service centre located in Robinvale. The Rural City is named after the main urban settlement lying in the south-east of the LGA, that is Swan Hill, which is also the LGA's most populous urban centre with a population of 10,431.
Endospore staining
Endospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample. Within bacteria, endospores are protective structures used to survive extreme conditions, including high temperatures making them highly resistant to chemicals. Endospores contain little or no ATP which indicates how dormant they can be. Endospores contain a tough outer coating made up of keratin which protects them from nucleic DNA as well as other adaptations. Endospores are able to regerminate into vegetative cells, which provides a protective nature that makes them difficult to stain using normal techniques such as simple staining and gram staining. Special techniques for endospore staining include the Schaeffer–Fulton stain and the Moeller stain.

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Glazier House
The Glazier House is a historic house in Greeley, Colorado. It was built by J. A. Woodbury for a jeweler named I. O. Glazier in 1902. Glazier was also the director of the choir at the First Baptist Church. The house was designed in the Queen Anne architectural style, with two gabled bays. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 5, 1991.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Weld County, Colorado
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Weld County, Colorado.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Weld County, Colorado, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 41 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and one formerly listed property.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted April 4, 2025.
Clausura 2017 Copa MX
The Clausura 2017 Copa MX (officially the Clausura 2017 Copa Corona MX for sponsorship reasons) was the 77th staging of the Copa MX, the 50th staging in the professional era and is the tenth tournament played since the 1996–97 edition.

This tournament began on 17 January 2017 and ended on 19 April 2017.

The final was held at Estadio Chivas in the Guadalajara suburb of Zapopan with the home team Guadalajara defeating Morelia 3–1 on penalty kicks to win their fourth title.

As winners, Guadalajara earned a spot to face Querétaro (winners of the Apertura 2016 edition), in the 2017 Supercopa MX.

2017 Copa Libertadores
The 2017 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores (officially the Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores Bridgestone 2017 for sponsorship reasons) was the 58th edition of the CONMEBOL Libertadores (also referred to as the Copa Libertadores), South America's premier club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.

Grêmio defeated Lanús in the finals by an aggregate score of 3–1 to win their third tournament title. As champions, they qualified as the CONMEBOL representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates, and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2017 Copa Sudamericana in the 2018 Recopa Sudamericana. They also automatically qualified for the 2018 Copa Libertadores group stage.

Atlético Nacional were the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the group stage.
Salvia garipensis
Salvia garipensis is a species of sage, commonly called Gariep sage. It is native to Namibia and South Africa′s Northern Cape province, where it grows on well-drained stony slopes and along water courses at 630–2200 m in altitude.

The epithet garipensis has its origins in the Khoekhoegowab word for ″river″ as applied to the Orange River, which forms a border between South Africa and Namibia. Its spelling has been treated inconsistently in the literature. While some global databases (e.g. Plants of the World Online) adopt gariepensis as a corrected form, South African floristic works (including Flora Capensis, vol. 5, 1912) and several nomenclatural sources retain the original published spelling garipensis E.Mey. ex Benth..

This species is most closely related to the South African species Salvia chamelaeagnea and Salvia albicaulis, as well as the eastern Mediterranean's Salvia dominica.

Salvia dominica
Salvia dominica (Dominica sage, in Arabic ( Maru = مرو   or "Khowwekha" = خويخة ),  in (Hebrew: מרווה, marva) is a strong-scented perennial shrub found throughout the eastern Mediterranean, especially Jordan Israel, Lebanon and Syria. The branched inflorescence is one of several salvias thought to have inspired the design of the menorah. It grows to about 1 meter in height and width, and blooms in spring or early summer with pale yellow and white flowers in delicate whorls.
Recall (memory)
Recall in memory refers to the mental process of retrieving information from the past. Along with encoding and storage, it is one of the three core processes of memory. There are three main types of recall: free recall, cued recall and serial recall. Psychologists test these forms of recall as a way to study the memory processes of humans and animals.
Two main theories of the process of recall are the two-stage theory and the theory of encoding specificity.

Short-term memory
Short-term memory  (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for a short interval. For example, short-term memory holds a phone number that has just been recited. The duration of short-term memory (absent rehearsal or active maintenance) is estimated to be on the order of seconds. The commonly cited capacity of 7 items, found in Miller's law, has been superseded by 3-5 items. In contrast, long-term memory holds information indefinitely.

Short-term memory is not the same as working memory, which refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
Hesperoperla pacifica
Hesperoperla pacifica, the golden stonefly, is a species of common stonefly in the family Perlidae. It is found in North America. Its nymph is distinguished from other perlids by a pale, hourglass-shaped mark on its head.

Perlidae
The Perlidae are a family of stoneflies, with more than 50 genera and 1,100 described species. The majority of the Perlidae are found in eastern North America, but they occur worldwide except for Antarctica and parts of Africa. Their lifecycles range between one and three years. The adults emerge in the summer; they are very active and known to be attracted to light sources. They are usually very sensitive to changes in environment.

Perlidae are usually lotic and lentic erosional. They are found in cool, clear medium-sized to large streams and sometimes in larger, warm rivers that carry silt. They are crawlers and can move quickly. In still water, no water moves over their gills, so they move their bodies up and down to keep oxygen flowing over them.

They are engulfer-predators. They consume all types of invertebrates. Very young larvae are collector-gatherers.
Fujishiro Gozen
Fujishiro Gozen (藤代御前) was an Onna-musha from the late-Sengoku period. She lived in Mutsu province. When her husband died in battle against Tsugaru clan, she was young and had only one son. She became a female lord and defended her small castle called Fujishiro-kan (藤代館) to raise her son.

According to "Fujishiro Village History", the governess of this palace, Fujishiro Gozen, was a rare hero who took up her weapons, attacked with her family and died at the end of the bloody battle. For her courageous actions, she received the name ''Gozen'', a Japanese term that means "young lady" and generally applied to women of the warrior class.

Onna-musha
Onna-musha (女武者) is a term referring to female warriors in pre-modern Japan, who were members of the bushi (warrior) class. They were trained in the use of weapons to protect their household, family, and honour in times of war; many of them fought in battle alongside samurai men.
Onna-musha also have an important presence in Japanese literature, with Tomoe Gozen and Hangaku Gozen being famous and influential examples.
Metaneira (hetaera)
Metaneira (Ancient Greek: Μετάνειρα) was a hetaira active in Classical Corinth and Athens.  As a child, she was purchased by Nikarete of Corinth.   She was raised as a daughter, along with Neaera, and molded into a hetaera. Athenaeus claims that she was the mistress of both Isocrates and Lysias, who according to Apollodorus arranged for her to be initiated into the Mysteries of Eleusis.

Hetaira
A hetaira (/hɪˈtaɪrə/; Ancient Greek: ἑταίρα, lit. 'female companion'; pl.. ἑταῖραι hetairai, /hɪˈtaɪraɪ/), Latinized as hetaera (/hɪˈtɪrə/ pl. hetaerae /hɪˈtɪriː/), was a type of highly educated female companion in ancient Greece who served as an artist, entertainer, and conversationalist. Historians have often classed them as courtesans, but the extent to which they were sex workers is a matter of dispute.

Custom excluded the wives and daughters of Athenian citizens from the symposium, but this prohibition did not extend to hetairai, who were often foreign-born and could be well-versed in arts, philosophy, and culture. Other female entertainers might appear in the otherwise male domain, but hetairai actively participated in conversations, including intellectual and literary discourse.
Maltese Falcon Society
The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his 1930 novel The Maltese Falcon, and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan.

Hardboiled
Hardboiled (or hard-boiled) fiction is a literary genre that shares some of its characters and settings with crime fiction (especially detective fiction and noir fiction). The genre's typical protagonist is a detective who battles the violence of organized crime that flourished during Prohibition in the United States (1920–1933) and its aftermath, while dealing with a legal system that has become as corrupt as the organized crime itself. Rendered cynical by this cycle of violence, the detectives of hardboiled fiction are often antiheroes. Notable hardboiled detectives include Dick Tracy, Philip Marlowe, Nick Charles, Mike Hammer, Sam Spade, Lew Archer, Slam Bradley, and The Continental Op.
Kosmos 1191
Kosmos 1191 (Russian: Космос 1191 meaning Cosmos 1191) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1980 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1191 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 00:54 UTC on 2 July 1980. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1980-057A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 11871.

Kosmos 1191 was a US-K satellite like Kosmos 862 that self-destructed in orbit, NASA believes deliberately. The first debris elements were
spotted on 25 May 1981. All of the resultant debris is still in orbit.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.