hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karin dialect
The Karin dialect (Armenian: Կարնոյ բարբառ, Karno barbař) is a Western Armenian dialect originally spoken in and around the city of Erzurum (called Karin by Armenians), now located in eastern Turkey.

Before World War I, the Karin dialect was spoken by the local Armenian populations in much of the Erzurum Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire and Kars Oblast of the Russian Empire. After the Armenian genocide of 1915, most of Erzurum's Armenian population took refuge to the Russian-controlled parts of Armenia. The city of Kars and its Russian oblast became part of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918, but was occupied by Kemalist Turkey as a result of the Turkish–Armenian War in fall 1920.

Today, it is one of the most widely spoken Western Armenian dialects, most of which became virtually extinct after the genocide. Nowadays, it is spoken in the northwest of Armenia (in and around the city of Gyumri) and by the Armenian minority in Georgia's Samtskhe-Javakheti province.

Armenian dialects
The Armenian language has two standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian. Before the Armenian genocide and other significant demographic changes that affected the Armenians, several dozen Armenian dialects existed in the areas historically populated by them.
Ratnasimha
Ratnasimha (IAST: Ratna-Siṃha, r. c. 1302–03 CE) was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mewar in present-day Rajasthan, India. He belonged to the Rawal branch of the Guhila dynasty, which ruled from the Chitrakuta fort (modern Chittorgarh). The last ruler of this branch, he was defeated by Alauddin Khalji during the Siege of Chittorgarh in 1303 CE.

The Rajasthani legends mention him as the Rajput ruler Rawal Ratan Singh. A fictionalized version of him appears as Ratan Sen in Malik Muhammad Jayasi's Padmavat. According to this poem, Alauddin Khalji attacked Chittorgarh to obtain his beautiful wife Rani Padmini; Alauddin captured the fort after Ratan Sen died in a combat with king Devpal of Kumbhalner; subsequently, Padmini and other women committed Jauhar to protect their honour. The historicity of this legend is disputed.

R. C. Majumdar
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (known as R. C. Majumdar; 4 December 1888 – 11 February 1980) was an Indian historian and professor known for promoting Hindu nationalist views. He principally studied the history of India.
Rough Riders Memorial
The Rough Riders Memorial is a memorial in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States that commemorates those members of the "Rough Riders" who died in the Spanish–American War in 1898. The grey granite shaft was erected by surviving members of the Rough Riders and their friends and supporters. Although Arlington National Cemetery, a number of secondary sources, and even the bronze plaque on the memorial say the monument was dedicated in 1906 and one source says 1905, contemporary newspaper accounts show the memorial was dedicated on April 12, 1907.

Sabre
A sabre or (American English) saber (/ˈseɪbər/ SAY-bər) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars, the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry.

The military sabre was used as a duelling weapon in academic fencing in the 19th century, giving rise to a discipline of modern sabre fencing (introduced in the 1896 Summer Olympics) loosely based on the characteristics of the historical weapon.
Transition metal catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions
Catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reactions (CADA reactions) are a category of asymmetric dearomatization reactions that catalytically transform aromatic compounds into enantioenriched polycycles and heterocyclic skeletons.  The term was coined in 2012 by You et al.

Enantioselective synthesis
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."

Put more simply: it is the synthesis of a compound by a method that favors the formation of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have opposite configurations at every chiral center. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ at one or more chiral centers.

Enantioselective synthesis is a key process in modern chemistry and is particularly important in the field of pharmaceuticals, as the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity.
Arrupe Jesuit High School
Arrupe Jesuit High School is a private Catholic coeducational college-preparatory high school run by the USA Central and Southern Province of the Society of Jesus in Denver, Colorado, United States. Founded in 2003, it is part of the Cristo Rey Network and places students in business internships to help defray the cost of tuition. The school is run independently in the Archdiocese of Denver.

Archdiocese of Denver
The Archdiocese of Denver (Latin: Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Denveriensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in northern Colorado in the United States. It is part of the XIII Conference Region and includes 113 parishes, 307 priests, and an estimated 550,000 lay Catholics. The mother church of the metropolitan archdiocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Denver.
Mangled packet
In computer networking, a mangled or invalid packet is a packet—especially IP packet—that either lacks order or self-coherence, or contains code aimed to confuse or disrupt computers, firewalls, routers, or any service present on the network.

Their usage is associated with a type of network attack called a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. They aim to destabilize the network and sometimes to reveal its available services—when network operators must restart the disabled ones. Mangled packets can be generated by dedicated software such as nmap.

As of 2008, most invalid packets are easily filtered by modern stateful firewalls.

Firewall (computing)
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet or between several VLANs. Firewalls can be categorized as network-based or host-based.
Moriah Jerusalem Development Corporation
Moriah Jerusalem Development Corporation (Hebrew: מוריה - חברה לפיתוח ירושלים בע"מ) is an organization, established by the Municipality of Jerusalem in 1987. The main objective of Moriah is to develop the infrastructure in Jerusalem and perform public work for local government.

Jerusalem Municipality
The Jerusalem Municipality  (Hebrew: עיריית ירושלים, romanized: Iriyat yerushalayim), the seat of the Israeli municipal administration, consists of a number of buildings located on Jaffa Road in the city of  Jerusalem.
Sibambe
Sibambe is a small town in the Chimborazo province of Ecuador. It is located near the base of the "Devil's Nose" promontory and the end point for tourist trains from Riobamba and Alausi that negotiate the switchbacks of the Devil's Nose.

Riobamba
Riobamba (Spanish pronunciation: [rjoˈβamba], full name San Pedro de Riobamba; Quechua: Rispampa) is the capital of Chimborazo Province in central Ecuador, and is located in the Chambo River Valley of the Andes. It is located 200 km (120 mi) south of Ecuador's capital Quito and situated at an elevation of 2,754 m.

The city is an important regional transport center and a stop on the Pan-American Highway, which runs through Ecuador. Riobamba is one of the largest cities in the central portion of Ecuador's Sierra region.
Katie Bush
Katie Bush, known as 'America's Favorite Lady', is a Canadian-born American digital, net, and installation artist. Her work aims to re-evaluate the American Dream in a humorous and satirical way through her use of ready-made clip art. Her work has been exhibited in venues internationally as well as in print and online at Eleven Bulls, Rhizome.org and Scissorkick.com. It has also been featured in BoingBoing, The British Medical Journal, Dazed & Confused, and Art XX. She is San Francisco-based.

NSCAD University
NSCAD University, also known as the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (NSCAD), is a public art university in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The university is a co-educational institution that offers bachelor's and master's degrees. The university also provides continuing education services through its School of Extended Studies.

The institution was founded by Anna Leonowens in 1887 as the Victoria School of Art and Design. The school was later renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art in 1925. In 1969, the institution was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design and began to offer undergraduate degrees, becoming the first degree-granting art school in the country. The institution adopted its current name in 2003.
Guides on the Air
Guides on the Air (GOTA), also known as Thinking Day on the Air (TDOTA), is an event for Girl Guides.  It is held the third full weekend in February, close to Thinking Day, which is February 22.  Girl Guides and Girl Scouts get together with amateur radio operators to talk to sisters in Guiding and Scouting around the world over the air and more recently in various other ways, such as IRC (Guides on the internet).  In Canada GOTA is sponsored by the Canadian Ladies Amateur Radio Association.

Girl Guide and Girl Scout
A Girl Guide  or Girl Scout is a member of a section of some Guiding organisations who is between the ages of 10 and 14. Age limits are different in each organisation. Girl Scouts and Girl Scout organizations already existed in Britain and other Commonwealth countries when Robert Baden-Powell founded The Girl Guides Association in 1910. There are many Girl Scouts organizations, e.g. the British Girl Scouts and Girl Scouts of the USA. The two terms are used synonymously within this article.

Girl Guides are organised into units/troops averaging 15–30 girls under guidance of a team of leaders. Units subdivide into patrols of about six Guides and engage in outdoor and special interest activities. Units may affiliate with national and international organisations. Some units, especially in Europe, have been co-educational since the 1970s, allowing boys and girls to work together as Scouts. There are other programme sections for older and younger girls.
Topographic Map of Switzerland
The Topographic Map of Switzerland (German: Topographische Karte der Schweiz), also known as the Dufour Map (German: Dufourkarte; French: Carte Dufour) is a 1:100 000 scale map series depicting Switzerland for the first time based on accurate geometric measurements.  It is also the oldest official map series of Switzerland.

Swisstopo
Swisstopo is the official name for the Swiss Federal Office of Topography, Switzerland's national mapping agency.

The current name was made official in 2002. It had been used as the domain name for the homepage of the institute since 1997.
Shade tree
A shade tree is a large tree whose primary role is to provide shade in the surrounding environment due to its spreading canopy and crown, where it may give shelter from sunlight in the heat of the summer for people who seek recreational needs in urban parks and house yards, and thus, also protecting them from the sun's harmful UV rays.

Some of the most popular shade trees in temperate countries are oaks, plane trees, willows, birches, beeches, maples, ashes, lindens, and elms. In subtropical countries like Australia and India, figs are popular choices as shade trees. In tropical countries, trees such as some Erythrina and African tulip tree species are often planted as shade trees.

Spathodea
Spathodea is a genus in the plant family Bignoniaceae. The single species it contains, Spathodea campanulata, is commonly known as the African tulip tree or the Nandi Flame. The tree grows between 7–25 m (23–82 ft) tall and is native to tropical dry forests of Africa. It has been nominated as among 100 of the "World's Worst" invaders.

This tree is planted extensively as an ornamental tree throughout the tropics and is much appreciated for its very showy reddish-orange or crimson (rarely yellow), campanulate flowers. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek words σπαθη (spathe) and οιδα (oida), referring to the spathe-like calyx. It was identified by Europeans in 1787 on the Gold Coast of Africa.
A69 road
The A69 is a major northern trunk road in England, running east–west across the Pennines, through the counties of Tyne and Wear, Northumberland and Cumbria. Originally, the road started in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne then later near Birtley, but since the creation of the A1 Western Bypass around Newcastle upon Tyne, it now starts at Denton Burn, a suburb of Newcastle upon Tyne.

The route from the A1 junction to Carlisle city centre is 54 miles (87 km).

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
2024 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence
Following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024, attacks began on Hindus in Bangladesh, with Hindu homes, businesses and places of worship being targeted en masse. The Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council reported that from 4 to 20 August, a total of 2,010 incidents (including 69 temples) of attacks on minorities took place across the country within this 16-day period.

Among the incidents, the homes of 157 families were attacked, looted, vandalised and set on fire while some of their businesses were also attacked, looted and vandalised. Five Hindus were killed in these attacks, of which at least two were confirmed as Awami League members. According to a UN Human Rights Office report, these abuses also affected Ahmadiyya Muslims, Hindus, and indigenous people from the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

Pandal
A pandal is a fabricated structure, either temporary or permanent, that is used at many places such as either outside a building or in an open area such as along a public road or in front of a house in India and other neighbouring countries. This canopy or big tent is often used in a religious or other events that gathers people together, such as a wedding, fair, exhibition or festival.
54 Cancri
54 Cancri is a star in the zodiac constellation of Cancer. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.38, which places it just below the normal brightness limit of stars visible to the naked eye. The annual parallax shift is 24.79 mas as measured from Earth's orbit, which yields a distance estimate of about 132 light years. It is moving away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +45 km/s.

Measurement of the stars proper motion over time suggest changes due to an acceleration component, which may indicate it is a close binary system. The visible component has a stellar classification of G5 V, indicating it is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star that is generating energy through hydrogen fusion in its core region. Hall et al. (2007) classify it as a low-activity variable star. The star is about five billion years old with a projected rotational velocity of 3.1 km/s. It has 1.23 times the mass of the Sun and 1.81 times the Sun's radius.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Salatiwara
Asia portal

Salatiwara was a Middle Bronze Age city in south-central Anatolia on a road connecting the kingdoms Waḫšušana and Burushattum. The history of the city is known primarily from the Anitta text.

In the 18th century BC, Salatiwara was besieged by Anitta, King of Kussara. Anitta defeated troops who were sent out from the city to confront him. The soldiers were taken to Nesa as prisoners. When the city revolted and marshaled its forces along the Hulana River, Anitta circled around and captured the city from behind, setting fire to the city in the process.

A large amount of silver and gold, as well as 40 teams of horses and 1400 infantry were removed from the city, either by the king of Salatiwara as he escaped, or by Anitta as booty.

Kültepe
Kültepe (Turkish: lit. 'ash-hill'), also known under its ancient name Kaneš (Kanesh, sometimes also Kaniš/Kanish)  or Neša (Nesha), is an archaeological site in Kayseri Province, Turkey. It was already a major settlement at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC (Early Bronze Age), but it is world-renowned for its significance at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC (Middle Bronze Age).  The archaeological site consists of a large mound (also known as  höyük, tepe or tell), and a lower city, where a kārum (the Assyrian word for trading district) was established in the beginning of the 2nd Millennium BC. So far, 23,500 cuneiform tablets recovered from private houses constitute the largest collection of private texts in the ancient Near East. In 2014, the archaeological site was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey.
Bowling pin
Bowling pins (historically also known as skittles or kegels) are upright elongated solids of rotation with a flat base for setting, usually made of wood (esp. maple) standing between 9 and 16 inches (23 and 41cm) tall. Some have interior voids to adjust weight and balance. Pins are coated with plastic and painted, by convention mostly white with (usually) transaxial red stripes or other markings around the neck or middle (candlepins). Sets of pins, usually 5, 9, or 10 in a triangular arrangement, are the target of the bowling ball in various bowling games including tenpins, five-pins, duckpins and candlepins.

United States Bowling Congress
The United States Bowling Congress (USBC) is a sports membership organization dedicated to ten-pin bowling in the United States.  It was formed in 2005 by a merger of the American Bowling Congress—the original codifier of all tenpin bowling standards, rules, and regulations from 1895 onwards; the Women's International Bowling Congress—founded in 1916, as the female bowlers' counterpart to the then all-male ABC; the Young American Bowling Alliance; and USA Bowling.  The USBC's headquarters are located in Arlington, Texas, after having moved from the Milwaukee suburb of Greendale, Wisconsin, in November 2008. The move enabled the USBC to combine its operations with the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA).
Nicholas Brooks (special effects artist)
Nicholas Brooks (born 20 May 1964) is a British visual effects artist. He won at the 71st Academy Awards in the category of Best Visual Effects for his work on What Dreams May Come. He shared his Academy Award with Joel Hynek, Kevin Mack and Stuart Robertson.

He also won an Emmy Award for the special effects of the TV film Dreamkeeper.

With his wife Laura Kelly, Brooks has directed various music videos and commercials under the collective Honey, including "Guerrilla Radio" by Rage Against the Machine.

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.
Live at Shepherds Bush Empire (Björk video)
Live at Shepherds Bush Empire is an official VHS released by Björk on 16 November 1998. The live show was recorded at the end of the Post tour on 27 February 1997, at a special fan-club only free concert at the Shepherd's Bush Empire in London, England. The majority of the songs are taken from the album Post, as well as some from her album Debut. The track "I Go Humble" is a B-side, and appears on the "Isobel" single.

Many of the performances from this concert can be found on the Post Live album, released as part of the Live Box set in 2003 and later made available separately. The song that appears over the end credits is "Glóra", a flute instrumental recorded when Björk was in The Elgar Sisters. Two songs that were performed at this show were omitted from the release, "It's Oh So Quiet" and "Sweet Intuition", which were performed at the beginning of the show. It was re-released on DVD on 19 November 2001.

Shepherd's Bush Empire
The Shepherd's Bush Empire (currently known as O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire for sponsorship reasons, and formerly known as the BBC Television Theatre) is a music venue in Shepherd's Bush, West London, run by the Academy Music Group. It was originally built in 1903 as a music hall for impresario Oswald Stoll, designed by theatre architect Frank Matcham; among its early performers was Charlie Chaplin.  In 1953 it became the BBC Television Theatre. Since 1994, it has operated as a music venue. It is a Grade II listed building.
Free Kitten
Free Kitten is an American alternative rock band formed by Sonic Youth's Kim Gordon and Pussy Galore's Julia Cafritz. Originally performing as Kitten, they changed their name after receiving threats of legal action by a heavy metal singer performing under the same name. Boredoms member Yoshimi P-We took up drums, and Pavement's Mark Ibold joined later on as bassist. They have released a handful of albums and singles, mainly on label Kill Rock Stars, including a remix 12-inch featuring DJ Spooky. They toured on 1993's Lollapalooza. A studio album, 2008's Inherit, on Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label, is the group's most recently available.

Thurston Moore
Thurston Joseph Moore (born July 25, 1958) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter best known as a member of the rock band Sonic Youth. He has also participated in many solo and group collaborations outside Sonic Youth, as well as running the Ecstatic Peace! record label. Moore was ranked 34th in Rolling Stone's 2004 edition of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

In 2012, Moore started a new band Chelsea Light Moving, whose eponymous debut was released on March 5, 2013. In 2015, Chelsea Light Moving disbanded after one studio album release. Moore and the other members of the band continue to make music under his solo project and other bands.
Water polo at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's tournament
The men's tournament of water polo at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin, Turkey, were held between June 19 and June 25. All games were held at the Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus Swimming Pool.

Water polo at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
The water polo tournament at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin took place between 19 June and 25 June at the Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus Swimming Pool. Only the men's water polo tournament was held.