hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tarski's undefinability theorem
Tarski's undefinability theorem, stated and proved by Alfred Tarski in 1933, is an important limitative result in mathematical logic, the foundations of mathematics, and in formal semantics. Informally, the theorem states that "arithmetical truth cannot be defined in arithmetic".

The theorem applies more generally to any sufficiently strong formal system, showing that truth in the standard model of the system cannot be defined within the system.

Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.

A process that exhibits recursion is recursive. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror.
Max Brod
Max Brod (Hebrew: מקס ברוד; 27 May 1884 – 20 December 1968) was an Israeli author, composer and journalist, born as a German-speaking Czech. He is notable for promoting the work of writer Franz Kafka and composer Leoš Janáček.

Although he was a prolific writer in his own right, he is best remembered as the friend and biographer of Franz Kafka. Kafka named Brod as his literary executor, instructing Brod to burn his unpublished work upon his death. Brod refused and had Kafka's works published instead.

In 1939, as the Nazis occupied Prague, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, taking with him a suitcase of Kafka's papers, many of them unpublished notes, diaries, and sketches.

Bialik Prize
The Bialik Prize is an annual literary award given by the municipality of Tel Aviv, Israel, for significant accomplishments in Hebrew literature. The prize is named in memory of Israel's national poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik. There are two separate prizes, one specifically for "Literature", which is in the field of fiction, and the other for "Jewish thought" (חכמת ישראל). The prize was established in January 1933, Bialik's 60th birthday.
Ghorabari
Ghorabari (Urdu: گھورا باڑی) is a taluka part of Thatta District in the Sindh province, Pakistan. It has a population of 174,088, and an area of 1018 square kilometres.

Khathore and Hayat Gaho forests in Ghorabari are expected to be the site of a 3,000-acre of palm oil tree cultivation by 2025 by the Sindh Coastal Development Authority.

Thatta District
Thatta District  (Sindhi: ٺٽو ضلعو, Urdu: ضلع ٹھٹھہ) is located in the southern area, locally called Laar, of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Its capital is Thatta. It is home to a large necropolis of Makli. In 2013, several talukas were separated to form the new Sujawal District.
2016–17 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2016–17 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the 32nd since its establishment. It is the only level in San Marino, in which all the country's 15 amateur football clubs play (there is no relegation). The season began on 9 September 2016 and ended with the play-off final on 20 May 2017. Tre Penne were the defending champions. The fixtures and group compositions were announced on 27 August 2016.

AC Libertas
Associazione Calcio Libertas is a Sanmarinese football club, based in Borgo Maggiore. The club was founded in 1928. Libertas currently plays in Girone B of Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colors are red and white.
Libertas is the oldest football club in San Marino.
The team qualified for the UEFA Cup Preliminary phase in 2007. However, they lost by a 1–4 aggregate to Drogheda United from Ireland in the next round.
Uriman Airport
Uriman Airport (IATA: URM, ICAO: SVUM) is an airport serving Uriman, a village in the Bolívar State of Venezuela. The village is on the Caroní River. The runway parallels the river and also serves as Uriman's main street. There is rising terrain south, and distant high terrain to the north of the airport.

Bolívar (state)
Bolívar (Spanish: Estado Bolívar, IPA: [esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ]) is the largest of the 23 states of Venezuela in area. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar and the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 (93,746 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.
Third Street Motor Car Company Building
The Third Street Motor Car Company Building, at 216 E. Third St. in Newport, Kentucky, was built in 1916. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

It was deemed notable as "one of northern Kentucky's finest examples of this increasingly rare building type. It is characteristic in form and detailing, retaining many original features. Its tapestry brickwork and geometrical detailing, influenced by the Craftsman style, set it apart from other area examples. It has been evaluated within the context of "Automobile Showrooms of Northern Kentucky, c. 1910-1945."

Newport, Kentucky
Newport is a home rule-class city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States. It is at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking rivers across from Cincinnati. The population was 14,150 at the 2020 census. Historically, it was one of four county seats of Campbell County. Newport is an urban center of Northern Kentucky and is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
Group DF
Group DF is a Ukrainian conglomerate with holdings in various sectors, including chemicals, titanium production, gas, and banking. Group DF also holds investments in agriculture, media, sodium carbonate production, energy infrastructure, and real estate. Group DF operates across 11 countries in the Eurasian region.

Businessman Dmytro Firtash founded Group DF in 2007. The managing director is Boris Krasnyansky. According to Boris Krasnyansky at the "Ukraine – Inside View" conference (organized by The Economist) that was held in Vienna, Austria in March 2013, Group DF's consolidated revenue in 2012 amounted to more than 6 billion USD.

Group DF plans to continue expanding and consolidating assets across its business sectors, including fertilizer, titanium, gas distribution, and agriculture.

Azot (Cherkasy)
Azot PrAT, doing business as Cherkasy Azot, is a Ukrainian manufacturer of nitrogen fertilizers. Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash's chemical-industry holding corporation, Ostchem Holding, manages the company as well as several other fertilizer manufacturers in Ukraine and other post-Soviet states.

Azot serves both the domestic and export markets.  Products are primarily ammonia and ammonium salts, but also include certain specialty ion-exchange resins.

The plant's name, Azot, is Ukrainian for "nitrogen", and Cherkasy is the location of its chemical plant.
New Hampshire Wildcats women's ice hockey
The New Hampshire Wildcats represent the University of New Hampshire. They have won five ECAC championships between 1986 and 1996. When the Wildcats joined Hockey East, they won four Hockey East titles from 2006 to 2009. The Wildcats have more wins than any other women's ice hockey program at 668 in its first 32 years. The Wildcats went undefeated in their initial 74 games (73–0–1) spanning the 1978 through 1982 seasons. A UNH goaltender has been declared Hockey East Goaltending Champion in the first six years of the league's existence. From 2007 to 2009, UNH hosted NCAA Tournament Regional home games.

United States women's national ice hockey team
The United States women's national ice hockey team is controlled by USA Hockey. The U.S. has been one of the most successful women's ice hockey teams in international play, having medaled in every major tournament.

In 1998, the women's Olympic hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In April 2015, the women's national ice hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Month.
Wrestle Peter Pan 2025
Wrestle Peter Pan 2025 was a two-night professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). It took place on August 30 and 31, 2025, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Korakuen Hall and Tokyo Higashin Arena. The event aired on CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

It was first Peter Pan event to be held on two separate days (not counting the 2020 edition held without an audience during the COVID-19 pandemic) and also featured wrestlers from New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW).

CyberFight
CyberFight Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社CyberFight, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Saibāfaito), operating simply as CyberFight (CF), is a Japanese professional wrestling parent company based in Tokyo. It is a subsidiary of the CyberAgent digital advertising company. CyberFight serves as an umbrella brand for three promotions: Pro Wrestling Noah, DDT Pro-Wrestling and Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling.
W. Craig Zwick
William Craig Zwick (born June 30, 1947) has been a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1995. Zwick was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.  He received a degree in business management and finance from the University of Utah.

Mission president
Mission president is a priesthood leadership position in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). A mission president presides over a geographic area known as a mission and the missionaries serving in the mission. Depending on the particular mission, a mission president may also be the presiding priesthood leader of some or all Latter-day Saints within the geographic boundaries of the mission. Mission presidents are ordained high priests of the church.
Quadratically constrained quadratic program
In mathematical optimization, a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) is an optimization problem in which both the objective function and the constraints are quadratic functions. It has the form

where P0, ..., Pm are n-by-n matrices and x ∈ Rn is the optimization variable.

If P0, ..., Pm are all positive semidefinite, then the problem is convex. If these matrices are neither positive nor negative semidefinite, the problem is non-convex. If P1, ... ,Pm are all zero, then the constraints are in fact linear and the problem is a quadratic program.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Liujiadian
Liujiadian Town (simplified Chinese: 刘家店镇; traditional Chinese: 劉家店鎮; pinyin: Liújiādiàn Zhèn) is a town located inside of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. It borders Dahuashan Town to the northeast, Wangxinzhuang and Yukou Towns to the south, and Dongshaoqu Town to the west. Its total population was 7,155 in the 2020 census.

The name Liujiadian (Chinese: 刘家店; lit. 'Liu Family's Shop') comes from Liujiadian Village, the seat of government for this town.

Pinggu, Beijing
Pinggu District (Chinese: 平谷区; pinyin: Pínggǔ Qū), formerly Pinggu County (平谷县), lies in the far east of Beijing Municipality. It has an area of 950 km2 (370 sq mi) and a population of 457,313 (2020 Census). The district is subdivided into 2 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 2 townships. It borders the Beijing districts of Miyun and Shunyi to the north and west, respectively, Tianjin's Jizhou District to the southeast, and in Hebei province, Xinglong County and Sanhe to the northeast and south, respectively.
Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873
The Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 66) (sometimes known as the Judicature Act 1873) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1873. It reorganised the English court system to establish the High Court and the Court of Appeal, and also originally provided for the abolition of the judicial functions of the House of Lords with respect to England.  It would have retained those functions in relation to Scotland and Ireland for the time being. However, the Gladstone Liberal government fell in 1874 before the act entered into force, and the succeeding Disraeli Conservative government suspended the entry into force of the act by means of the Supreme Court of Judicature (Commencement) Act 1874 (37 & 38 Vict. c. 83) and the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 77).

Rules of the Supreme Court
The Rules of the Supreme Court (RSC) were the rules which governed civil procedure in the Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales (since 2009 called the Senior Courts) from its formation in 1883 until 1999.

The RSC applied to all civil cases in the Supreme Court in England and Wales commenced after the merger of the courts of common law and equity in 1883 by the Judicature Acts until they were superseded by the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) in 1999 on 26 April 1999. Civil proceedings in the county courts during this period were governed by the separate County Court Rules.

The RSC were designed to replace the individual rules of the courts of law and equity which were subsumed into the Supreme Court providing one harmonised set of procedural rules for all civil cases.
Tim Shallenburger
Tim Shallenburger (born March 14, 1954) is an American politician serving as a member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 13th District since 2023. He previously served as Speaker of the Kansas House of Representatives and later as Kansas State Treasurer.

Kansas State Treasurer
The state treasurer of Kansas is the chief custodian of Kansas's cash deposits, monies from bond sales, and other securities and collateral and directs the investments of those assets. The treasurer provides for the safe and efficient operation of state government through effective banking, investment, and cash management.

The treasurer oversees an office that currently handles over $20 billion and an annual operating budget of $3.5 million. Key programs in the office are Bonds Services, Cash Management, Unclaimed Property, the Ag Loan and Housing Loan Deposit Programs and the Kansas 529 Education Savings Program, which has more than 143,000 accounts with total assets of over $2.7 billion. The Treasurer's office is a fee-funded agency. The treasurer also serves as a member of the Kansas Public Employee's Retirement System (KPERS) and the Pooled Money Investment Board.
Otto Bähr
Otto Bähr (2 June 1817 – 17 February 1895) was a German legal scholar and liberal parliamentarian.

He supported the view, not always well accepted by governments, that since the State was part of society, it must be judged in the same courts as individual citizens.

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.
Momme (unit)
Momme (匁, monme) is both a Japanese unit of mass and former unit of currency. As a measurement, Momme is part of a table of  Japanese units where during the Edo period it was equal to 1⁄10 ryō (aka Tael). Since the Meiji era 1 momme has been reformed to equal exactly 3.75 grams in SI units. The latter term for Momme refers to when it was used as a unit of currency during the Edo period in the form of silver coins. As a term, the word "Momme" and its symbol "匁" are unique to Japan. The Chinese equivalent to Momme is qián (Chinese: 錢), which is also a generic word for "money". While the term Momme is no longer used for currency, it survives as a standard unit of measure used by pearl dealers to communicate with pearl producers and wholesalers.

Liang (mass)
Liang (simplified Chinese: 两; traditional Chinese: 兩; pinyin: liǎng), or leung in Cantonese, liae in Wenzhounese, liong in Hakka, lian in Shanghainese, also called "Chinese ounce" or "tael", is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries in East and Southeast Asia.

Modern standards for the liang include 1/10 jin (50 grams) in mainland China, 37.5 grams in Taiwan, Korea and Thailand,
37.799 grams in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, and 37.8 grams in Vietnam.

Liang is mostly used in traditional markets, and is a well-known measure for gold, silver and Chinese medicines.
2017 Speedway World Cup
The 2017 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup (SWC) was the seventeenth Speedway World Cup, the annual international motorcycle speedway world championship tournament organised by the FIM. The next edition would not be held until six years later in 2023. The 2017 event took place between 1 July and 8 July 2017 and involved nine national teams. Poland successfully defended their 2016 title.

Speedway World Cup
The Speedway World Cup is a motorcycle speedway event for national teams held in different countries. The first edition of the competition in the current format was held in 2001 and replaced the old World Team Cup which ran from 1960 until 2000. The competition was held annually until 2017 when it was replaced by the Speedway of Nations pairs event. The Speedway World Cup returned in 2023 and will be held every three years.
Star Insignia of Army officer vehicles (Sri Lanka)
Star Insignia of Army officer vehicles differ from each other starting from one star up until five stars. The first four stars should be granted to an officer in active duty while the fifth Star insignia can be wore by a retired officer. The only retired officer who is permitted to wear the five star insignia in Sri Lanka is Field Marshal Sarath Fonseka.

General (Sri Lanka)
General (abbreviated as Gen.) is the highest attainable and full general rank of the Sri Lankan Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of general; it is also considered a four-star rank.

The rank of full general is not always given; this rank is held by a Chief of the Defence Staff (if the chief is appointed from the army and not from the navy or the air force) or is mostly awarded as a ceremonial rank to the Commander of the Army on his day of retirement.

General is a higher rank than lieutenant general, but is lower than field marshal. General is the equivalent of Admiral in the Sri Lanka Navy and Air Chief Marshal in the Sri Lanka Air Force.
Parish of Indi
29°48′45″S 143°24′00″E﻿ / ﻿29.8125°S 143.4°E﻿ / -29.8125; 143.4

Indi, New South Wales, located at 29°48'45.0"S 143°24'00.0"E is a Parish of Ularara County in north west New South Wales. It is  between Milparinka, New South Wales and Wilcannia.

Indi is located between Milparinka and Wanaaring. The main economic activity of the parish is agriculture, with the Ardoo and the Salisbury Downs Station .

The climate is semi-arid, featuring low rainfall, very hot summer temperatures and cool nights in winter. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).

The Parish is on traditional lands of the Karenggapa people.

Salisbury Downs Station
Salisbury Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station in the outback of New South Wales.

It is located approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of White Cliffs and 675 kilometres (419 mi) north east of Adelaide. The country is composed of sand dunes interspersed with clay pans. Areas of mulga are found on the property as are open downs of cottonbush and saltbush with areas of Queensland blue and Mitchell grasses. Stock can be watered by a large number of smaller ephemeral creeks and Altiboulka Lake, which receives floodwaters from the Bulloo River.
Boon Tat Street
Boon Tat Street (simplified Chinese: 文达街; traditional Chinese: 文達街; pinyin: Wén dá jiē), originally Japan Street, is in the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. The street extends from Amoy Street at its western end to the junction of Shenton Way and Raffles Quay.

A portion of the street adjacent to Lau Pa Sat is closed in the evening for stalls selling satay. Boon Tat Street has been labeled as a heritage site by the Urban Redevelopment Authority.

The Hokkiens called this street as ma cho kiong pi (beside the ma cho temple), referring to the Thian Hock Keng temple at Telok Ayer Street.

Lau Pa Sat
Lau Pa Sat (Chinese: 老巴刹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lāu Pa-sat; pinyin: Lǎo Bāshā; lit. 'Old Market'), also known as Telok Ayer Market (Malay: Pasar Telok Ayer; Chinese: 直落亚逸巴刹), is a historic building located within the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a food court with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine.

The market remains one of the oldest Victorian structures in South-East Asia and one of the first structures built in pre-fabricated cast iron in Asia. It is also the only remaining market left that served the residents in the central district of early Singapore.
Echinodorus ovalis
In Rataj's taxonomy Echinodorus ovalis is in Section Cordifolii, Subgenus Echinodorus.
It is related to Echinodorus cordifolius and listed by some authorities and importers as a synonym of that species, e.g. E. cordifolius 'ovalis'.

Aquarius cordifolius
Echinodorus cordifolius, the spade-leaf sword or creeping burhead, is a species of aquatic plants in the Alismatales. It is native to Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, South America (as far south as Paraguay) and the southeastern United States (Texas to Florida and as far north as Iowa).
Hyundai Motor Europe
Hyundai Motor Europe GmbH is the European division of South Korean automaker Hyundai Motor Company, its headquarters are in Offenbach am Main, Germany. It has a R&D center in Frankfurt and three manufacturing plants: one in Nošovice, Czech Republic; one in Saint Petersburg, Russia; and one in Turkey.

Three models (Hyundai Accent, Hyundai Elantra, and Hyundai Santa Fe) were produced at the TagAZ's plant in Taganrog. Its slogan for the European Market was "New Thinking, New Possibilities".

Offenbach am Main
Offenbach am Main (German pronunciation: [ˈɔfn̩bax ʔam ˈmaɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Offenbach on the Main') is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main. It borders Frankfurt and is part of the Frankfurt urban area and the larger Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It has a population of 138,335 (December 2018).

In the 20th century, the city's economy was built on machine-building, leather-making, typography and design, and the automobile and pharmaceutical industries.