hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) is a minimally invasive procedure (biopsy) to help in the diagnosis of breast cancer. VAB is characterized by single insertion, acquisition of contiguous and larger tissue samples, and directional sample capability. It also offers 10x the tissue of core needle biopsy.

Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, an interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist. The process involves the extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is then fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, stained and mounted before it is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist; it may also be analyzed chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. An incisional biopsy or core biopsy samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy. Biopsies are most commonly performed for insight into possible cancerous or inflammatory conditions.
Latham of Bradwall
Latham of Bradwall is a family whose seat was at Bradwall Hall, in the township of Bradwall, near Sandbach, England, with several notable members. The line is "a junior branch of the ancient Cheshire house of Lathom, of Lathom and Knowsley, which terminated in the heiress, Isabella Latham, who married Sir John Stanley, Knt., ancestor of the Earls of Derby".

Prestbury, Cheshire
Prestbury is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England; it lies about 2 miles (3 km) north of Macclesfield. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 3,324; it increased slightly to 3,471 at the 2011 census. The ecclesiastical parish is almost the same as the former Prestbury local government ward which consisted of the civil parishes of Prestbury, Adlington and Mottram St Andrew.
2014–15 AZ Alkmaar season
During the 2014–15 season, AZ competed in the Eredivisie for the 17th consecutive season and the KNVB CUP under new manager Marco van Basten, and then John van den Brom after Van Basten relinquished his role after health issues, becoming assistant to Van den Brom. Under Gertjan Verbeek and Dick Advocaat the previous season, AZ lost their title of KNVB Cup to PEC Zwolle after being eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual league winners Ajax and finishing eighth in the league.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
U.S. Route 66 in Texas
U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) in the state of Texas extended across the Texas Panhandle from its designation in 1926 to its decommissioning in 1985. From the New Mexico state line in Glenrio to Amarillo in Potter County, US 66 was directly located along the historic Ozark Trail, an auto trail that stretched from St. Louis, Missouri to Las Vegas, New Mexico.

Ozark Trail (auto trail)
The Ozark Trail was a network of locally maintained roads and highways organized by the Ozark Trails Association that predated the United States federal highway system. The roads ran from St. Louis, Missouri, to El Paso, Texas, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a series of routes.  These roads were maintained by both private citizens and local communities. In one case, however, the U.S. government was directly involved; it built the Newcastle Bridge in 1923 over the South Canadian River between Newcastle, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma City, as the first federal highway project built in Oklahoma.

These roads comprised the major highway system in the region until U.S. Highway 66 was built in the 1920s. In Oklahoma, portions of the section-line roads between Anadarko and Hobart are still referred to as "The Old Ozark Trail".
Telefunken FuBK
The Telefunken FuBK (from the German Funkbetriebskommission for "Television Service Commission") is an electronic analogue television test card developed by AEG-Telefunken and Bosch Fernseh in West Germany as the successor to the monochrome T05 test card in the late-1960s and used with analogue 625-lines PAL broadcasts.

Not as popular as the Philips PM5544, nevertheless it saw widespread use in West Germany (and later reunified Germany) and some other European, Asian, South American and African countries, and by a few commercial TV stations in Australia.

Westdeutscher Rundfunk
Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (pronounced [ˈvɛstˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk ˈkœln]; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (pronounced [ˌveːdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel Das Erste, WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.
Asiatic Low
The Asiatic Low is a low-pressure trough which lies over southern Asia during early summer. It is located roughly over India, heading over the Bay of Bengal. It is a major action centre for the Northern Hemisphere during that time of the year.

It is created by more intense July sun, causing desert land areas of Northern Africa and Asia to warm rapidly.

Winds round it circle counterclockwise, from May to September or October giving persistent southwest monsoon winds from over the north Indian Ocean and South China Sea, also south-south-west or south winds over the west Pacific Ocean. Its counterpart during the winter is the Siberian High. The Asian Low is part of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Winds from May to October are persistent southwesterly from the Indian Ocean and South China Sea as well as south-southwesterly or southerly over the western Pacific Ocean. This gradually generates the summer monsoon over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ /ɪtʃ/ ITCH, or ICZ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles Earth near the thermal equator, though its specific position varies seasonally. When it lies near the geographic equator, it is called the near-equatorial trough. Where the ITCZ is drawn into and merges with a monsoonal circulation, it is sometimes referred to as a monsoon trough (a usage that is more common in Australia and parts of Asia).
Dragons in Greek mythology
Dragons (Greek: δράκοι) play a significant role in Greek mythology. Though the Greek drakōn often differs from the modern Western conception of a dragon, it is both the etymological origin of the modern term and by extension the source of many surviving Indo-European myths and legends about dragons.

Gaia
In Greek mythology, Gaia (/ˈɡeɪ.ə, ˈɡaɪ.ə/; Ancient Greek: Γαῖα, romanized: Gaîa, a poetic form of Γῆ (Gê), meaning 'land' or 'earth'), also spelled Gaea (/ˈdʒiː.ə/), is the personification of Earth. She is the mother of Uranus (Sky), with whom she conceived the Titans (themselves parents of many of the Olympian gods), the Cyclopes, and the Giants, as well as of Pontus (Sea), from whose union she bore the primordial sea gods. Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra.
Hygrophorus flavescens
Hygrophorus flavescens is an edible mushroom of the genus Hygrophorus found in the Pacific Northwest, eastern North America, and Texas. It is similar to Hygrophorus chlorophanus, which has a sticky coating.

The fruiting body reaches up to 7.5 centimetres (3 in) wide and 9 cm (3.5 in) tall.

Hygrophorus
Hygrophorus is a genus of agarics (gilled mushrooms) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called "woodwaxes" in the UK or "waxy caps" (together with Hygrocybe species) in North America, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically fleshy, often with slimy caps and lamellae that are broadly attached to decurrent. All species are ground-dwelling and ectomycorrhizal (forming an association with living trees) and are typically found in woodland. Around 100 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets.
Urban homesteading
Urban homesteading can refer to several different things: programs by local, state, and federal agencies in the USA who work to help get people into city homes, squatting, practicing urban agriculture, or practicing sustainable living techniques.

Sustainable living
Sustainable living describes a lifestyle that attempts to reduce the use of Earth's natural resources by an individual or society. Its practitioners often attempt to reduce their ecological footprint (including their carbon footprint) by altering their home designs and methods of transportation, energy consumption and diet. Its proponents aim to conduct their lives in ways that are consistent with sustainability, naturally balanced, and respectful of humanity's symbiotic relationship with the Earth's natural ecology. The practice and general philosophy of ecological living closely follows the overall principles of sustainable development.

One approach to sustainable living, exemplified by small-scale urban transition towns and rural ecovillages, seeks to create self-reliant communities based on principles of simple living, which maximize self-sufficiency, particularly in food production. These principles, on a broader scale, underpin the concept of a bioregional economy.
2019 CS Nepela Memorial
The 2019 CS Nepela Memorial, formerly known as the Ondrej Nepela Trophy, was held in September 2019 at the Ondrej Nepela Arena. It was part of the 2019–20 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dance.

2019–20 ISU Challenger Series
The 2019–20 ISU Challenger Series was held from September to December 2019. It was the sixth season  that the ISU Challenger Series, a group of senior-level international figure skating competitions, was held.
The Best American Short Stories 2022
The Best American Short Stories 2022 is a volume in the annual Best American Short Stories anthology. It was edited by series editor Heidi Pitlor and guest editor and Pulitzer Prize winner Andrew Sean Greer. The collection of 20 short stories selected from leading magazines in the U.S. was published in November 2022 with a print run of 75,000. It was also issued as an audiobook spoken by five voice actors.

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."
Dafydd Rogers
Dafydd Rogers is a theatre producer known for a number of award winning plays produced in the UK and internationally.
and for his commitment to making theatre as accessible and affordable as possible. He is a long-standing board member of the Society of London Theatre and the UK Theatre Association.

Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment or Comedy Play
The Noël Coward Award for Best Entertainment or Comedy Play is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

The award was titled Comedy of the Year from its establishment in 1976 until 1990, was renamed to Best Comedy starting in 1991, Best New Comedy starting in 1999, then retitled to its current name for the 2020 Olivier Awards – when "Entertainment" was moved to join Best Comedy Play from the Best Entertainment and Family award, which was renamed Best Family Show at that same time.
Rutherford (lunar crater)
Rutherford is a small lunar impact crater that lies on the Moon's far side. It was named after New Zealand-British physicist and Nobel laureate Ernest Rutherford. It is located just to the north-northwest of the huge walled plain Mendeleev. To the east of Rutherford is the equally diminutive crater Glauber, and to the west-northwest lies Hoffmeister.

This crater has a roughly pear-shaped outline, with an elongated section at the north-northwestern end. The rim edge is well-defined and the inner walls are simple slopes that run down to the small interior floor.

Hoffmeister (crater)
Hoffmeister is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side, to the northwest of the huge walled plain Mendeleev. Some distance to the north of Hoffmeister lies the crater Siedentopf, and to the west-northwest is Gavrilov.

This is a somewhat eroded crater with Hoffmeister N attached to the southern rim. A small crater with a high albedo lies along the common rim between Hoffmeister and this satellite. A small crater also lies along the northwestern rim of Hoffmeister. The interior floor of Hoffmeister is relatively featureless.
HD 11964
HD 11964 is a binary star system located 110 light-years away from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It is visible in binoculars or a telescope but is too faint to be seen with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.51. The system is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −9 km/s. Two extrasolar planets have been confirmed to orbit the primary.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
WS postcode area
The WS postcode area, is the West Staffordshire postcode also known as the Walsall postcode area, is a group of fifteen postcode districts in England, within six post towns. These cover the northern part of the West Midlands (including Walsall and Wednesbury) and much of south-east Staffordshire (including Lichfield, Cannock, Burntwood and Rugeley).

Walsall
Walsall (/ˈwɔːlsɔːl/, or /ˈwɒlsɔːl/; locally /ˈwɔːsʊl/) is a market town and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, part of The Black Country in the West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Birmingham, 7 miles (11 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Lichfield.

Walsall was transferred from Staffordshire to the newly created West Midlands county in 1974. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.
Battle of Casicola
The battle of Casicola was an armed engagement between Portugal and the Kingdom of Ndongo on August 24, 1585, during the Angolan Wars. It resulted in an important Portuguese victory, that was decisive to the control the region around Luanda.

Kingdom of Ndongo
The Kingdom of Ndongo (formerly known as Angola or Dongo, also Kimbundu: Utuminu ua Ndongo, Utuminu ua Ngola) was an early-modern African state located in the highlands between the Lukala and Kwanza Rivers, in what is now Angola.

The Kingdom of Ndongo is first recorded in the sixteenth century. It was one of multiple vassal states to Kongo, though Ndongo was the most powerful of these with a king called the Ngola.

Little is known of the kingdom in the early sixteenth century. "Angola" was listed among the titles of the King of Kongo in 1535, so it was likely somewhat subordinate to Kongo. Its oral traditions, collected in the late sixteenth century, particularly by the Jesuit Baltasar Barreira, described the founder of the kingdom, Ngola Kiluanje, also known as Ngola Inene, as a migrant from Kongo, chief of a Kimbundu-speaking ethnic group.
2011 Women's Oceania Cup
The 2011 Women's Oceania Cup was the seventh edition of the women's field hockey tournament. It was held from 6–9 October in Hobart.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

New Zealand won the tournament for the third time, defeating Australia in the three–game series by goal difference, after the teams finished equal on points. Despite the Hockeyroos' second-place finish, the 2011 Oceania Cup held two qualifying allocations for the Olympic Games, meaning both teams qualified.

Women's Oceania Cup
The Women's Oceania Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by Oceania Hockey Federation (OHF). It is held every two years to determine which teams will receive an automatic berth to the FIH World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

As of 2023, only Australia and New Zealand have reached the finals.
Kuchary, Radomsko County
Kuchary [kuˈxarɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kodrąb, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Kodrąb, 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Radomsko, and 77 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Kodrąb, Łódź Voivodeship
Kodrąb [ˈkɔdrɔmp] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kodrąb. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) east of Radomsko and 77 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Joni 95
The Joni 95 or Jony 95 (alt. "Johnny Landmine") was an Anti-personnel mine developed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam during the Sri Lankan Civil War.

The first version of the mine used 50 g (1.8 oz) of explosive material. The finished mine was 11 cm (4.3 in) long, 7 cm (2.8 in) wide and around 6 cm (2.4 in) thick. At the bottom it was written as 'made in' Tamil Eelam.

In 1988 LTTE was stuck in Vanni forest so they were not in a position to get materials from outside. So they used locally available wood and rubber to design the outer box.

It was named after former LTTE commander Lt. Col. Jony who was killed by IPKF on his way back to India after meeting LTTE chief Velupillai Prabhakaran at his  Manal Aru hideout.

LTTE first time used this mine against Indian soldiers during IPKF's Operation Checkmate in 1988.

Anti-personnel mine
An anti-personnel mine or anti-personnel landmine (APL) is a form of mine designed for use against humans, as opposed to an anti-tank mine, which target vehicles. APLs are classified into: blast mines and fragmentation mines; the latter may or may not be a bounding mine.

APLs are often designed to injure and maim, not kill, their victims to overwhelm the logistical (mostly medical) support system of enemy forces that encounter them. Some types of APLs can also damage the tracks on armoured vehicles or the tires of wheeled vehicles.

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines has sought to ban mines and destroy stockpile. For this purpose, it introduced in 1997 the Ottawa Treaty, which has not yet been accepted by over 30 states and has not guaranteed the protection of citizens against APLs planted by non-state armed groups.
Pedrick's, Arizona
Pedrick's was a steamboat landing owned by John Pedrick that supplied wood to steamboats on the lower Colorado River in Sonora, Mexico, from the mid 1850s to the late 1870s.  After the 1854 Gadsden Purchase, Pedrick's was within New Mexico Territory and Arizona Territory after 1863. Pedrick's landing was located 24 miles above Ogden's Landing and 31 miles below Fort Yuma.  Pedrick's lay along the east bank of the river just above what is now the Sonora – Arizona border in modern Yuma County, Arizona.

Pedrick's was also a ferry crossing of the Colorado River, also known as Paddock's Old Ferry, before the American Civil War but it had not been operating for some time before the war and the adobe house at the site was in ruins, according to a November 21, 1861 letter from Lieutenant-Colonel J. R. West, Commander of Fort Yuma to Lieut. Benjamin C. Cutler, acting Adjutant General of the military District of Southern California, in  Los Angeles.: 41, 732–33

New Mexico Territory
The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of Nuevo México becoming part of the American frontier after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It existed with varying boundaries until the territory was admitted to the Union as the U.S. state of New Mexico in 1912. This jurisdiction was an organized, incorporated territory of the US for nearly 62 years, the longest period of any territory in the contiguous United States.
1958 Valley City State Vikings football team
The 1958 Valley City State Teachers College Vikings football team represented Valley City State Teachers College—now known as Valley City State University—as a member of the North Dakota Intercollegiate Conference (NDIC) during the 1958 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Vernon Gale, the Vikings compiled an overall record of 6–1 overall record with an identical mark in conference play, sharing the NDIC title with Dickinson State.

Jim Bock and Bill Thomas were named first-team all-conference, while Jerry Halmrast, Gordon Ringdahl, Al Strand, Delton Hesse and Jack Dwyer earned honorable mention honors. Bill Thomas also finished fifth in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) in total rushing.

Vernon Gale
Vernon K. Gale (c. 1929 – February 7, 1989) was an American football player and college football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach (1954–1959) and head baseball coach (1955–1959) at Valley City State University in Valley City, North Dakota. After serving as an assistant football coach at Iowa State University, he was lured to the head football coaching position at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, where he stayed from 1965 to 1971.
Bastille Peak
Bastille Peak is a mountain located 74 km (46 mi) north of Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. It is associated with the Baffin Mountains which in turn form part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain system.

Baffin Mountains
The Baffin Mountains are a mountain range running along the northeastern coast of Baffin Island and Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. The ice-capped mountains are part of the Arctic Cordillera and have some of the highest peaks of eastern North America, reaching a height of 1,525–2,146 metres (5,003–7,041 ft) above sea level. While they are separated by bodies of water to make Baffin Island, they are closely related to the other mountain ranges that make the much larger Arctic Cordillera mountain range.