hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
H1 neuron
The H1 neuron is located in the visual cortex of true flies of the order Diptera and mediates motor responses to visual stimuli.  H1 is sensitive to horizontal motion in the visual field and enables the fly to rapidly and accurately respond to optic flow with motor corrections to stabilize flight. It is particularly responsive to horizontal forward motion associated with movement of the fly's own body during flight. Damage to H1 impairs the fly's ability to counteract disturbances during flight, suggesting that it is a necessary component of the optomotor response. H1 is an ideal system for studying the neural basis of information processing due to its highly selective and predictable responses to stimuli. Since the initial anatomical and physiological characterizations of H1 in 1976, study of the neuron has greatly benefited the understanding of neural coding in a wide range of organisms, especially the relationship between the neural code and behavior.

Neuropil
Neuropil (or "neuropile") is any area in the nervous system composed of mostly unmyelinated axons, dendrites and glial cell processes that forms a synaptically dense region containing a relatively low number of cell bodies. The most prevalent anatomical region of neuropil is the brain which, although not completely composed of neuropil, does have the largest and highest synaptically concentrated areas of neuropil in the body. For example, the neocortex and olfactory bulb both contain neuropil.

White matter, which is mostly composed of myelinated axons (hence its white color) and glial cells, is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil.

Neuropil (pl. neuropils) comes from the Greek: neuro, meaning "tendon, sinew; nerve" and pilos, meaning "felt". The term's origin can be traced back to the late 19th century.
Point Raja
5°31′39″N 95°11′37″E﻿ / ﻿5.52750°N 95.19361°E﻿ / 5.52750; 95.19361

Point Raja (Indonesian: Ujung Raja, Acehnese: Ujong Raja, Dutch: Oedjong Raja), literally means "king's point", is a cape located in Peukan Bada subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. The cape is the westernmost point of Sumatra. Point Raja is known for its wildlife and high, dangerous waves. The cape is one of main capes for ocean voyaging around the bays of Aceh. Oedjong means "cape" or "point" in Dutch language on maps of the  Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia).

According to the International Hydrographic Organization's definitions of Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea: p.21  and Malacca Strait, it is the southeasternmost point of Bay of Bengal and the southwesternmost point of Andaman Sea. Immediately southeast of Andaman Sea lies Malacca Strait which is not part of Andaman Sea. To southeast of Malacca Strait lies Singapore Strait.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
A8 road (Latvia)
The A8 is a national road in Latvia connecting Riga to Lithuanian border (Meitene), through Jelgava, also known as Jelgava highway in Latvia. The road is part of European route E77 and Latvian TEN-T road network. After the border, the road turns into Lithuanian A12.  The length of A8 in Latvian territory is 76 kilometers. Currently A8 has 2x2 lanes until Jelgava bypass, other parts have 1x1 or 2x1 lanes. The current speed limit is 100 km/h. Plans to reconstruct A8 in to a motorway have been many. First, in 2004, then in 2010, but they never started due to financial reasons. In the recent years A8 has been reconstructed in many stretches.  The average AADT on A8 in 2025 was 15,015 cars per day.

56°39′58″N 23°49′16″E﻿ / ﻿56.666074°N 23.82117°E﻿ / 56.666074; 23.82117

Jelgava
Jelgava (pronounced [ˈjælˠɡɐvˠɐ] ⓘ) is a state city in central Latvia. It is located about 41 kilometres (25 miles) southwest of Riga. It is the largest town in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Jelgava was the capital of the united Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1578–1795) and was the administrative center of the Courland Governorate (1795–1918).

Jelgava is situated on a fertile plain rising only 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) above mean sea level on the right bank of the river Lielupe. At high water, the plain and sometimes the town as well can be flooded. It is a railway center, and is also a host to the Jelgava Air Base. Its importance as a railway centre can be seen by the fact that it lies at the junction of over 6 railway lines connecting Riga to Lithuania, eastern and western Latvia, and Lithuania to the Baltic Sea.
Myth
Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is totally different from the ordinary sense of the term myth, meaning a belief that is not true, as the veracity of a piece of folklore is entirely irrelevant to determining whether it constitutes a myth.

Myths are often endorsed by religious and secular authorities, and may be natural or supernatural in character. Many societies group their myths, legends, and history together, considering myths and legends to be factual accounts of their remote past. In particular, creation myths take place in a primordial age when the world had not achieved its later form. Origin myths explain how a society's customs, institutions, and taboos were established and sanctified. National myths are narratives about a nation's past that symbolize the nation's values. There is a complex relationship between recital of myths and the enactment of rituals.

Transcendence (philosophy)
In philosophy, transcendence is the basic ground concept from the word's literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond, albeit with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages. It includes philosophies, systems, and approaches that describe the fundamental structures of being, not as an ontology (theory of being), but as the framework of emergence and validation of knowledge of being. These definitions are generally grounded in reason and empirical observation and seek to provide a framework for understanding the world that is not reliant on religious beliefs or supernatural forces.  "Transcendental" is a word derived from the scholastic, designating the extra-categorical attributes of beings.
2019 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The 2019 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 30 September and 6 October 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Dryganek Duży
Dryganek Duży [drɨˈɡanɛk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiełczygłów, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north of Kiełczygłów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Pajęczno, and 68 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Kiełczygłów
Kiełczygłów [kʲɛu̯ˈt͡ʂɨɡwuf] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kiełczygłów. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Pajęczno and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Karlaplan metro station
Karlaplan is a station on Line 13 of the Red line of the Stockholm Metro, located by Karlaplan park in the district of Östermalm. The station was opened on 2 September 1967 as part of the extension from Östermalmstorg to Ropsten.

Red line (Stockholm Metro)
The Red line (Swedish: Röda linjen; officially Metro 2, but called Tub 2 ("Tube 2") internally) is one of the three Stockholm Metro lines. It has a total of 36 stations, of which four are cut and cover, 16 are tunneled, and 15 are on the surface. The line is a total of 41.238 kilometres (25.624 mi) long. It consists of four branches with terminals in Fruängen and Norsborg in the southwest and Mörby centrum and Ropsten in the northeast.

The "Red line" designation began in the late-1970s, and officially only since the 1990s, and comes from the fact that the route has been marked in red on Storstockholms Lokaltrafik's maps at least since the 1970s. Previously, the Red line had been coloured orange on the system map, but as new maps were printed with changes, the colour became increasingly redder in the 1980s.
Mountain pass theorem
The mountain pass theorem is an existence theorem from the calculus of variations, originally due to Antonio Ambrosetti and Paul Rabinowitz. Given certain conditions on a function, the theorem demonstrates the existence of a saddle point.  The theorem is unusual in that there are many other theorems regarding the existence of extrema, but few regarding saddle points.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
David Nelson (Utah activist)
David Keith Nelson (April 7, 1962 – June 11, 2024) was an American LGBT and gun rights activist. He founded or helped found several LGBTQ-related nonprofit organizations in Utah and helped direct others. His work with the Democratic Party encouraged many LGBTQ Utahns to serve as party leaders. His work as a legislative and executive lobbyist accomplished the adoption of several LGBTQ- and weapon-friendly state and local laws, rules, ordinances and policies, and the rejection of other legislation.

Deseret News
The Deseret News (/ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ⓘ) is a US multi-platform newspaper based in Salt Lake City, published by Deseret News Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation, which is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Founded in 1850, it was the first newspaper to be published in Utah. The publication's name is from the geographic area of Deseret identified by Utah's pioneer settlers, and much of the publication's reporting is rooted in that region.

On January 1, 2021, the newspaper switched from a daily to a weekly print format while continuing to publish daily on the website and Deseret News app. As of 2024, Deseret News develops daily content for its website and apps, in addition to twice weekly print editions of the Deseret News Local Edition and a weekly edition of the Church News and Deseret News National Edition. The company also publishes 10 editions of Deseret Magazine per year.
Catherine M. Green
Catherine Mary Green OBE is an English biologist who is an Associate Professor in Chromosome Dynamics at the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics at the University of Oxford. Her research considers chromosome stability during the replication of DNA. During the COVID-19 pandemic Green was part of the Oxford team who developed the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.

Cancer Research UK
Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation. It is registered as a charity in the United Kingdom, as well as the Isle of Man, and was formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. Cancer Research UK conducts research using both its own staff and grant-funded researchers. It also provides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness and influencing public policy. The organisation's work is almost entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. Over 25,000 people are regular volunteers.
TB9Cs6H2 snoRNA
TB9Cs6H2 is a member of the H/ACA-like class of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) thus named because of its cellular localization in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell.  TB9Cs6H2 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of LSU5 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue Ψ1653.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Koukoumitsa of Aetolia-Acarnania
Koukoumitsa is a pine-covered islet located in the Ambracian Gulf north east of Vonitsa.

The islet is connected by a footbridge to the opposite shore, where the Saltini Grove is located. On it is built a small chapel dedicated to Saint Nektarios. The island is a popular tourist attraction in Vonitsa during the summer. During the summer, several cultural events take place there and it is an ideal place for walks and sailing visits.

Administratively, Koukoumítsa belongs to Aktio-Vonitsa municipality, Aitolia-Akarnania region, Western Greece.

Vonitsa
Vonitsa (Greek: Βόνιτσα) is a town in the northwestern part of Aetolia-Acarnania in Greece, seat of the municipality of Aktio-Vonitsa. The beach town is situated on the south coast of the Ambracian Gulf, and is dominated by a Venetian fortress on a hill. Vonitsa is 13 kilometres (8 miles) southeast of Preveza, 18 kilometres (11 miles) northeast of the city of Lefkada and 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Agrinio. The Greek National Road 42 (Lefkada - Amfilochia) passes through Vonitsa.
Barchem
Barchem is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland, located in the municipality Lochem, about 15 km east of the city of Zutphen.

It was first mentioned in 1474 as Borchem, and means "settlement on/near a hill". It used to be a little agricultural settlement, and used to be centred around the Barchemse Enk.: 1  In 1840, it was home to 346 people. Later, the centre moved to the road from Lochem to Ruurlo where a toll house was constructed in 1857. In 1860, the church was built at the intersection with the road from Borculo to Zwiep. During World War II, Barchem was the scene of heavy fighting.: 1  There are 25 commonwealth graves on the general cemetery.

Borculo
Borculo (Dutch: [ˈbɔrkyloː]) is a city in the eastern Netherlands, in the municipality of Berkelland, Gelderland. Borculo was an independent municipality until 2005, when it merged with Eibergen, Neede, and Ruurlo. Other population centers in the municipality of Borculo were nearby Geesteren, Gelselaar, and Haarlo.
The Berkel River flows through the city center. The Borculo Castle (the "Hof"), which gave the city its name, was the seat of the Lords of Borculo.
2003 MTV Europe Music Awards
The 2003 MTV Europe Music Awards were held in Western Harbour in Edinburgh, Scotland. The awards ceremony was held in a 6,000-capacity big top arena constructed specifically for the main event.

On the night, Justin Timberlake notably received a total of three awards, for Best Male, Best Pop and Best Album.

Presenters included André 3000, Justin Timberlake, The Black Eyed Peas and Ludacris.

MTV Europe Music Award for Best Pop
The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Pop was first presented in 1998. British girl group the Spice Girls were the first ever act to receive the award. American singer Britney Spears was the first solo female artist to win the award in 1999, while American singer Justin Timberlake was the first male solo artist to win in 2003. South Korean boy group BTS are the first Kpop act to be nominated in this category in 2020. British boy band One Direction are currently the act with the most award wins in this category, receiving a total of three. Ariana Grande is the most recent winner, winning in 2024.
Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy with the song "That's Rich" performed by Brooke. The Irish broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) organised the national final Eurosong 2022 in order to select the Irish entry for the 2022 contest. Six songs faced the votes of an international jury, a studio jury and a public televote which ultimately resulted in the selection of the Irish Eurovision entry.

Ireland was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 12 May 2022. Performing during the show in position 10, "That's Rich" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Ireland placed 15th out of the 18 participating countries in the semi-final with 47 points.

Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1992
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1992 with the song "Why Me?", written by Johnny Logan, and performed by Linda Martin. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through Eurosong '92. The entry eventually won the Eurovision Song Contest, becoming the fourth ever victory for Ireland in the contest, and the third by Johnny Logan. Linda Martin had represented Ireland in 1984.
National cinema
National cinema is a term sometimes used in film theory and film criticism to describe the films associated with a specific nation-state. Although there is little relatively written on theories of national cinema it has an irrefutably important role in globalization. Film provides a unique window to other cultures, particularly where the output of a nation or region is high.

Film theory
Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate. Although some branches of film theory are derived from linguistics and literary theory, it also originated and overlaps with the philosophy of film.
Y-homeomorphism
In mathematics, the y-homeomorphism, or crosscap slide, is a special type of auto-homeomorphism in non-orientable surfaces.

It can be constructed by sliding a Möbius strip included on the surface 
around an essential 1-sided closed curve until the original position; thus it is necessary that the surfaces have genus greater than one. The projective plane  has no y-homeomorphism.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Punk Goes Crunk
Punk Goes Crunk is the seventh compilation album in the Punk Goes... series released by Fearless Records. The album is composed of popular hip hop songs performed by various post-hardcore, metalcore and pop punk bands.  This is the first and (as of 2017) only Punk Goes... album to carry a Parental Advisory for the sexual, vulgar and sometimes violent nature of the songs. Both All Time Low's cover of "Umbrella" and Forever the Sickest Kids' cover of "Men in Black" were made available for streaming on March 6.

Punk Goes...
Punk Goes... is a series of albums released by Fearless Records in which punk rock bands perform covers of songs from other genres. As of 2019, the series consists of nineteen compilation albums.

Though predominantly a series of cover albums, Punk Goes Acoustic, Punk Goes Acoustic 2, and Punk Goes Acoustic Vol. 3 deviate from this theme, featuring acoustic versions of original songs by the featured bands. 2013's Punk Goes Christmas and 2015 rerelease of Punk Goes Christmas titled Punk Goes Christmas: Deluxe Edition  features a mix of both Christmas-themed original songs and covers. Similarly, the series' first installment, 2000's Punk Goes Metal, consists of covers, with the exception of "Why Rock?" performed by The Aquabats, which was an original song credited to a fictitious band called "Leather Pyrate".
Chris Liebenberg
Christo Ferro Liebenberg (born 2 October 1934) is a South African banker who was Minister for Finance of South Africa, from 19 September 1994 to 4 April 1996, in the government of national unity chaired by Nelson Mandela.

Minister of Finance (South Africa)
The minister of finance is a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa who is the political head of the National Treasury. The minister of finance is responsible for the financial management of government affairs, drawing up the budget, and developing economic policy (in cooperation with the minister of economic development and the minister of trade and industry). The minister of finance is also responsible for the South African Revenue Service.
Teresa Lynch
Teresa Lynch is a Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represented District 50B, which primarily includes most of the city of Andover, Ramsey, Ham Lake and a portion of Blaine in Anoka County in the northern Twin Cities metropolitan area. Prior to the 1992 legislative redistricting, the area was known as District 50A, Lynch is a Republican.

Lynch was first elected in 1988, succeeding two-term Rep. Ernest A. Larsen.

Ernest A. Larsen
Ernest A. Larsen (born December 26, 1932) was an American politician and educator.

Larsen was born in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota. He graduated from University of Minnesota with his bachelor's degree in vocational education and was the assistant director of the Anoka Area Vocational Technical Institute in Anoka, Minnesota. He lived with his wife and family in Anoka, Minnesota. Larsen served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1983 and 1984 and in 1987 and 1988. He was a Democrat.