hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Somantadine
Somantadine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name PR 741-976), or somantadine hydrochloride (USANTooltip United States Adopted Name) in the case of the hydrochloride salt, is an experimental antiviral drug of the adamantane family related to amantadine and rimantadine that was never marketed. It was first described by 1978.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
Muyeveld
Muyeveld or Muijeveld is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 8 km southwest of Hilversum.

According to Van der Aa, the hamlet was formerly known as "Mijndenveld", referring to the nearby polder and hamlet of Mijnden.

Hilversum
Hilversum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɪlvərsʏm] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe, and the Amsterdam metropolitan area; it is about 22 km southeast of Amsterdam's city centre and about 15 km north of Utrecht.

The city is home to several major radio, television, and newspaper companies such as NOS. Hilversum is thus known for being the mediastad (media city) of the Netherlands.
Timelike homotopy
On a Lorentzian manifold, certain curves are distinguished as timelike. A timelike homotopy between two timelike curves is a homotopy such that each intermediate curve is timelike. No closed timelike curve (CTC) on a Lorentzian manifold is timelike homotopic to a point (that is, null timelike homotopic); such a manifold is therefore said to be multiply connected by timelike curves (or timelike multiply connected). A manifold such as the 3-sphere can be simply connected (by any type of curve), and at the same time be timelike multiply connected. Equivalence classes of timelike homotopic curves define their own fundamental group, as noted by Smith (1967). A smooth topological feature which prevents a CTC from being deformed to a point may be called a timelike topological feature.

Causal structure
In mathematical physics, the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold describes the possible causal relationships between points in the manifold.
Lorentzian manifolds can be classified according to the types of causal structures they admit (causality conditions).
Valine—pyruvate transaminase
In enzymology, a valine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.66) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-valine + pyruvate  3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-valine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate and L-alanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-valine:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include transaminase C, valine-pyruvate aminotransferase, and alanine-oxoisovalerate aminotransferase.  This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
Paddock Wood
Paddock Wood is a town and civil parish in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England, about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Maidstone. At the 2001 Census it had a population of 8,263, falling marginally to 8,253 at the 2011 Census. Paddock Wood is a centre for hop growing.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
1915 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
Molla Bjurstedt won the singles tennis title of the 1915 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 4–6, 6–2, 6–0 in the final of the All Comer's tournament. The defending champion, Mary Browne, did not participate in this edition and therefore no challenge round was played. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia in the United States, from June 8 through June 13, 1915.

Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia
Chestnut Hill is a neighborhood in the Northwest Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is known for the high incomes of its residents and high real estate values, as well as its private schools.
Yakoun River
The Yakoun River (Haida: Yaaguun G̱andlee) 
is the largest river of Haida Gwaii, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Located on Graham Island it flows about 58 km (36 mi) from Yakoun Lake north to Masset Inlet, a large saltwater bay located in the heart of the Graham Island and connected to the Pacific Ocean at Dixon Entrance via a long narrow inlet called Masset Sound.

The Yakoun River's watershed covers 550 km2 (210 sq mi), and its mean annual discharge is an estimated 32.6 m3/s (1,150 cu ft/s). The mouth of the Yakoun River is located about 3.5 km (2.2 mi) south of Port Clements, 40 km (25 mi) south of Masset, and about 46 km (29 mi) north of Skidegate. It is about 145 km (90 mi) west of Prince Rupert on the mainland. Vancouver is about 800 km (500 mi) to the southeast. The river's watershed's land cover is classified as 63.4% conifer forest, 22.5% shrubland, and small amounts of other cover.

Graham Island
Graham Island (Haida: X̱aaydag̱a Gwaay.yaay linag̱waay) is the largest island in the Haida Gwaii archipelago (previously known as the Queen Charlotte Islands), lying off the mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is separated by the narrow Skidegate Channel from the other principal island of the group to the south, Moresby Island (T'aaxwii X̱aaydag̱a Gwaay.yaay linag̱waay in the language of the Haida people). It has a population of 3,858 (2016 census), an area of 6,361 km2 (2,456 sq mi), and is the 101st largest island in the world and Canada's 22nd largest island.

Graham Island was named in 1853 by James Charles Prevost, commander of HMS Virago, for Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time.
Noribogaminalog
Noribogaminalog, or N-desmethylibogaminalog, also known as 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, is a chemical compound and parent structure of the ibogalog group of compounds. The ibogalogs that have been described include ibogaminalog, ibogainalog, noribogainalog, tabernanthalog, catharanthalog, fluorogainalog, LS-22925, PNU-22394, and PHA-57378, among others. The ibogalogs, specifically ibogainalog and analogues, were first described in the scientific literature by 1968.

Tabernanthalog
Tabernanthalog (TBG; developmental code name DLX-007) is a non-selective serotonin receptor modulator and putatively non-psychedelic psychoplastogen of the ibogalog group related to the iboga alkaloid tabernanthine but with a simplified chemical structure. It was developed by David E. Olson and colleagues at the University of California, Davis. The drug is being developed by Delix Therapeutics as a potential pharmaceutical drug for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Spectacled tyrannulet
The spectacled tyrannulet (Zimmerius improbus), also known as the specious tyrannulet, mountain tyrannulet, and Venezuelan tyrannulet, is a small passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

Osbert Salvin
Osbert Salvin FRS (25 February 1835 – 1 June 1898) was an English naturalist, ornithologist, and herpetologist best known for co-authoring Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) with Frederick DuCane Godman. This was a 52-volume encyclopedia on the natural history of Central America.
USS George E. Davis
USS George E. Davis (DE-357) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy, in addition to other tasks as assigned, such as patrol or radar picket.

The ship was named in honor of Lt. George Elliot Davis, Jr., who was killed in action by enemy aircraft near Madoera Strait, Borneo. The destroyer escort's keel was laid down on 15 February 1944 by the Consolidated Steel Corp. at their yard in Orange, Texas. George E. Davis was launched on 8 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. George E. Davis, Jr., his widow. The ship was commissioned on 11 August 1944.

United States Navy reserve fleets
The United States Navy maintains a number of its ships as part of a reserve fleet, often called the "Mothball Fleet". While the details of the maintenance activity have changed several times, the basics are constant: keep the ships afloat and sufficiently working as to be reactivated quickly in an emergency.

In some cases (for instance, at the outset of the Korean War), many ships were successfully reactivated at a considerable savings in time and money. The usual fate of ships in the reserve fleet, though, is to become too old and obsolete to be of any use, at which point they are sold for scrapping or are scuttled in weapons tests.

In rare cases, the general public may intercede for ships from the reserve fleet that are about to be scrapped – usually asking for the Navy to donate them for use as museum ships, memorials, or artificial reefs.
Michael David Thomas
Michael David Thomas, CMG, KC, SC (born 8 September 1933; Chinese: 唐明治) is a retired barrister, who served as the penultimate Attorney General of Hong Kong before the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997. He served in the post from 1983 to 1988, under the governorships of Edward Youde and David Wilson.

Executive Council of Hong Kong
22°16′53″N 114°09′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.281487°N 114.165089°E﻿ / 22.281487; 114.165089

The Executive Council of Hong Kong (ExCo) is the cabinet of the Government of Hong Kong, acting as a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong that serves as a core policy-making organ assisting the chief executive. It is analogous to other Executive Councils in the Commonwealth such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia, the Executive Council of New Zealand, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Under the presidency of the chief executive, the executive council consists of 21 Official Members (the most senior of these being the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, head of the Government Secretariat and chair of the Policy Committee), and 16 Non-official Members (also known as ministers without portfolio who are normally leading legislators from pro-establishment political parties) headed by the Convenor of the Non-official Members. The Council normally meets once a week.
Xylosma trichostemona
Xylosma trichostemona (syn. Lasiochlamys trichostemona) is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae, endemic to New Caledonia. Formerly a member of Lasiochlamys, the name was reinstated in 2023 when the genus was transferred to Xylosma. It is listed as a protected species by the National Natural Heritage Inventory and was classified as conservation dependent by the IUCN Red List in 1998.

Xylosma
Xylosma /zaɪˈlɒzmə/ is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It contains around 100 species of evergreen shrubs and trees commonly known as brushhollies, xylosmas, or, more ambiguously, "logwoods". The generic name is derived from the Greek words ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood, tree", and ὀσμή (osmé), meaning "smell", referring to the fragrant wood of some of the species. The Takhtajan system places it in the family Flacourtiaceae, which is considered defunct by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.
Follo (newspaper)
Follo was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Ski in Akershus county, and named after the district Follo. It was affiliated with the Norwegian Labour Party. From 1947 to 1953 it was named Follo Arbeiderblad.

It was established in 1929, and stopped in 1940 at the advent of the German occupation of Norway. It resurfaced as Follo Arbeiderblad on 7 October 1947, then changed its name to Follo in May 1953. In 1957, Follo was absorbed into another Labour Party newspaper, Moss og Omegn Arbeiderblad, which was then published under the new name Moss Dagblad.

Ski, Norway
Ski (Norwegian pronunciation: [ʂiː] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in the new municipality (as of January 1, 2020) of Nordre Follo Municipality in the greater region Follo, in Akershus county, Norway.

Ski is the most populous and largest town in Follo, and serves as the de facto municipality center of Nordre Follo. Institutions such as the hospital, tingrett (district court), police station, and other regional public services, are located in and around the town of Ski.
Presidency of Gustavo Petro
Gustavo Petro's term as the 34th president of Colombia began with his inauguration on 7 August 2022. Petro, who previously served as mayor of Bogotá, took office after his victory in the 2022 presidential election over the anti-corruption leader Rodolfo Hernández. Petro took office under the political shadow of his predecessor, amid an economic crisis and increased political polarization.

At the time of his election, Petro was a 62-year-old member of Congress; his victory has been attributed to public anger at the political class over years of corruption in politics, economic recession, the COVID-19 health crisis and a rise in violent crime. The crisis the country was in was caused, among other factors, by the weakness of the prices of raw materials; the events revealed underlying weaknesses in the economy including poor infrastructure, excessive bureaucracy, an inefficient tax system, and corruption.

Government of Colombia
The Government of Colombia is a unitary presidential republic with separation of powers into an executive, judicial, and legislative branch. The executive is led by the president, who acts as both the head of state and government, the judiciary includes four high courts which manage different fields of the law, and the national legislature is a bicameral congress composed of the senate and chamber of representatives.

The country is principally divided into 32 departments and one capital district.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Colombia a "flawed democracy" in 2024.
1982–83 Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team
The 1982–83 Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team represented Oklahoma State University as a member of the Big Eight Conference during the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Paul Hansen and played their home games at Gallagher-Iba Arena. The Cowboys finished with a record of 24–7 (9–5 Big Eight) to finish tied for third in the Big Eight regular season standings.

Oklahoma State won the Big Eight tournament by prevailing over Missouri in double overtime in the championship game. The Cowboys received an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as No. 5 seed in the West region, making their first appearance in the NCAA Tournament since 1965. The team was upset by No. 12 seed Princeton in the opening round.

1982–83 Missouri Tigers men's basketball team
The 1982–83 Missouri Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of Missouri as a member of the Big Eight Conference during the 1982–83 NCAA men's basketball season. Led by head coach Norm Stewart, the Tigers won the Big Eight regular season title, reached the second round of the NCAA tournament, and finished with an overall record of 26–8 (12–2 Big Eight).
2021 Antalya Challenger IV
The 2021 Antalya Challenger IV was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Antalya, Turkey between 6 and 12 December 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Miss Polski 2010
Miss Polski 2010 was the 21st Miss Polski pageant, held on August 29, 2010. The winner was Agata Szewioła of Lubusz. In addition to receiving the title Szewioła also received a Renault Clio. Szewioła represented Poland in Miss World 2010.

Miss World 2010
Miss World 2010 was the 60th anniversary of the Miss World pageant, held at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China, on 30 October 2010, after Vietnam backed out of the hosting contract.

Kaiane Aldorino of Gibraltar crowned Alexandria Mills of the United States as her successor at the end of the event. This is the third time United States has won the title.
Chemish Ridge
Chemish Ridge (Bulgarian: хребет Чемиш, ‘Hrebet Chemish’ \'hre-bet 'che-mish\) is the rocky ridge extending 8.55 km in west-northwest to east-southeast direction, 2 km wide and rising to 880 m on Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula.  The ridge surmounts Attlee Glacier to the north and Bevin Glacier to the south, with its east extremity forming Fitzmaurice Point.

The feature is named after the settlement of Chemish in Northwestern Bulgaria.

Fitzmaurice Point
Fitzmaurice Point is a point on the northwest side of Cabinet Inlet, Foyn Coast, Antarctica, between Attlee Glacier and Bevin Glacier. It was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition and surveyed from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in December 1947. It was named in 1985 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Sir Gerald G. Fitzmaurice, Legal Advisor at the Foreign Office, 1953–60 (Second Legal Advisor, 1945–53), who served some of the Cabinet Ministers commemorated in this area. Fitzmaurice was chairman of the UK-APC, 1952–60.
Telluromethionine
Telluromethionine (sometimes shortened to TeMet) is a rare and natural amino acid. It is a heavy analog of methionine and selenomethionine containing tellurium. Telluromethionine has been suggested as a probe for structural biochemistry, as it can be incorporated into proteins and used for X-ray crystallography and NMR measurements.

In aqueous solutions, telluromethionine oxidizes to a telluroxide, but can be recovered by use of DTT. Telluromethionine is not very stable in wheat germ extract, which impacts its translation rate. In the extract, elemental tellurium seems to form, suggesting a degradation mechanism, but this is not well understood. However, enriching proteins with tellurium in auxotrophic E. coli was successfully used to express several recombinant proteins.

Telluroxide
A telluroxide is a type of organotellurium compound with the formula R2TeO.  These compounds are analogous to sulfoxides in some respects.  Reflecting the decreased tendency of Te to form multiple bonds, telluroxides exist both the monomer and the polymer, which are favored in solution and the solid state, respectively:

(R2TeO)n ⇌  n R2TeO

Telluroxides are prepared from the telluroethers by halogenation followed by base hydrolysis:

R2Te  +  Br2   →   R2TeBr2

R2TeBr2  +  2 NaOH   →   R2TeO  +  2 NaBr  +  H2O
Maryamin, Homs
Maryamin (Arabic: مريمين, also spelled Mariamin or Meriamen) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate starting from 2008 after being part of the Hama Governorate, located in Homs Gap southwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Aqrab, Nisaf and Baarin to the north, Kafr Kamrah and Mashta al-Helu to the west, Shin, al-Shinyah and al-Qabu to the south, and Taldou and Tell Dahab to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Maryamin had a population of 4,174 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Nisaf
Nisaf (Arabic: نيصاف, also spelled Nasaf) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located west of Hama. Nearby localities include Kafr Kamrah to the southeast, Baarin and Taunah to the east, al-Bayyadiyah to the northeast, al-Suwaydah to the north and Ayn Halaqim to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Nisaf had a population of 4,048 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.  The local governing council for Nisaf was established in 1977 and it became a village council in 1999.
Port Soderick railway station
Port Soderick Railway Station (Manx: Stashoon Raad Yiarn Phurt Soderick) is the first station on the Port Erin line of the Isle of Man Railway and is located near the settlement of the same name on the Isle of Man.  It forms part of the sole remaining section of the railway which once served a 46-mile network across the island. The station was built primarily to serve the popular coastal resort which is a short walk from the station via one of the Manx National Glens.  Although largely derelict today, this resort was once a hugely popular destination for tourists

Port Soderick
Port Soderick (Manx: Purt Soderick) is a small hamlet to the south of Douglas, capital of the Isle of Man, once famed for its pleasure grounds and beach. In later years there have been various attempts to rejuvenate the area, all of which have been unsuccessful to date. It still has a station on the steam railway.

The beach area had its own small promenade and hotel (later named "The Anchor" but now closed and abandoned), a suspended walkway (now closed and deemed unsafe), former oyster beds, and a sea lion pool, a large building formerly housing an amusement arcade, paddling pool (long since filled in by shingle from the incoming tide), and access to the nearby glen of the same name. These days the place is something of a ghost town, disturbed only by the occasional dog walker, but it once had its own funicular railway linking the sea level resort with the Douglas Head Marine Drive Railway atop the cliffs above, the remnants of which can still be traced today.