hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SN 2004gt
SN 2004GT was a type Ic supernova that happened in the interacting galaxy NGC 4038 on December 12, 2004. The event occurred in a region of condensed matter in the western spiral arm. The progenitor was not identified from older images of the galaxy, and is either a type WC Wolf-Rayet star with a mass over 40 times that of the Sun, or a star 20 to 40 times as massive as the Sun in a binary star system.

Type Ib and Ic supernovae
Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive  stars. These stars have shed or been stripped of their outer envelope of hydrogen, and, when compared to the spectrum of Type Ia supernovae, they lack the absorption line of silicon. Compared to Type Ib, Type Ic supernovae are hypothesized to have lost more of their initial envelope, including most of their helium.
Guerrouch
Guerrouch is a region of Algeria within the Petite Kabylie of the Tell Atlas Mountain Range. The Guerrouch is one of the few remaining habitats for the endangered primate Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus; prehistorically this primate had a much wider distribution, prior to deforestation activity by the expanding human population.

Petite Kabylie
Petite Kabylie or  Petite Kabylia (Berber: Tamurt n Iqbayliyen, Arabic: al-Qabā'il as-Sughrā, القبائل الصغرى, Maghrebi Arabic: Qbayel es-Sghira) is a natural region in the mountainous area of northern Algeria. The Petite Kabylie is part of the greater Kabylie region.
SS Phillips Victory
The SS Phillips Victory (MCV-758), was a type VC2-S-AP2 victory ship built by Permanente Metals Corporation, Richmond shipyard #2, of Richmond, California. It was one of 150 victory ships named after educational institutions. The Phillips Victory was named after Phillips University in Enid, Oklahoma. The ship was christened on May 26, 1945, at Richmond Yard 2 by Mrs. Edward Stettinius in the presence of United Nations delegates and Native Americans. Shipyard manager C.P. Bedford spoke of the history of the university, and Captain H.G. Gatlin, the Treasure Island Navy chaplain gave the invocation.

Phillips University
Phillips University was a private university in Enid, Oklahoma. It opened in 1906 and closed in 1998. It was affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It included an undergraduate college and a graduate seminary. The university was also home to the Enid-Phillips Symphony Orchestra, and its campus regularly hosted events for the Tri-State Music Festival.
Madan Bhaiya
Madan Singh Kasana, popularly known as Madan Bhaiya, is an Indian politician. Bhaiya is a fifth-term member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1991–1993, 1993–1996, 2002–2007, 2007–2012, 2022–present) and as of 2022 he represents the Khatauli Assembly constituency. He has been linked to gang violence and has had multiple alleged murder charges. He travels in a bulletproof car along with 2–3 pilot cars containing his security detail. Bhaiya previously served four terms as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the Khekada Assembly constituency of Baghpat district.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Chennai Central–Jaipur Superfast Express
The 12967/12968 Chennai Central–Jaipur Superfast Express is a Superfast Express which belongs to North Western Railway zone that runs between Chennai Central of Tamil Nadu and Jaipur Junction of Rajasthan in India. It runs with highly refurbished LHB coaches from January 2021.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
John Harding, 2nd Baron Harding of Petherton
John Charles Harding, 2nd Baron Harding of Petherton (12 February 1928 – 6 June 2016), was a British Army officer and hereditary peer.

Harding was educated at Marlborough College and Worcester College, Oxford (MA). He was commissioned into the British Army and served with the 11th Hussars, reaching the rank of major. He succeeded his father John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton, to the title of Baron Harding of Petherton in 1989.

By his wife, Harriet Hare (daughter of Major General Francis Hare), whom he married in 1966, he had two sons and one daughter. She died on 4 December 2012. Their daughter, Dido Harding, Baroness Harding of Winscombe, is married to Conservative MP John Penrose. Harding died in June 2016 at the age of 88, and was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, William.

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.
Garowe Principles
The Garowe Principles were a set of agreements between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and various Somali stakeholders outlining a framework for the interim administration's scheduled political transition in August 2012 to a permanent, representative government. The agreements were signed during the Somali National Consultative Constitutional Conference held in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region. The conference was attended by representatives from the TFG, Puntland, Galmudug, Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, and civil society groups from various parts of the country.

Garoowe
Garowe (Somali: Garoowe, Arabic: غَاْرَّوْؤَيَ, Italian: Garoe) is the capital city of Puntland located in northeastern Somalia. It serves as the administrative center of the Nugal region and is known for its strategic importance. The city has experienced growth and development, hosting government institutions and providing essential services to its residents. Garowe is situated in a territory with a semi-arid climate, and its economy is influenced by trade, livestock, and agriculture.
Special Tiara
Special Tiara (31 March 2007 – 2 February 2019) was a British-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt races. He specialised in steeplechases over the minimum distance of two miles and was a confirmed front-runner who usually attempted to lead from the start. He scored his first major success in 2013 when he won the Maghull Novices' Chase and went on to win the Celebration Chase in 2015 and two editions of the Desert Orchid Chase. In March 2017 he recorded his biggest success when he took the Queen Mother Champion Chase at the fourth attempt. He was euthanized after sustaining an injury in the 2019 Dublin Chase at Leopardstown.

Cheltenham Chase
The Cheltenham Chase, currently known for sponsorship purposes as the Shloer Chase, is a Grade 2 National Hunt chase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 2 miles (1 mile 7 furlongs and 199 yards, or 3,199 metres), and during its running there are twelve fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place on the Friday of the November three-day meeting.

The race's registered title is the Cheltenham Chase but it has been run under a series of sponsored titles. Inaugurated in 2009 as the Connaught Chase, it was run as the Sinbad Testimonial 2010/2011 Chase before adopting its current name following sponsorship from drinks company Shloer. Initially a conditions chase, it was upgraded to a listed race in 2013 before attaining Grade 2 status in 2015.
Alachua Formation
The Alachua Formation is a Miocene geologic formation in Florida. The claystones, sandstones and phosphorites of the formation preserve many fossils of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, among others megalodon.

Epicyon
Epicyon ("more than a dog") is a large, extinct, canid genus of the subfamily Borophaginae ("bone-crushing dogs"), native to North America. Epicyon existed for about 7 million years from the early Clarendonian age of the Late Miocene to the late Hemphillian age of the Early Pliocene. E. haydeni is the largest known canid of all time, with the type species reaching 2.4 m (7.9 ft) in length, 90 cm (35 in) in shoulder height and approximately 100–125 kg (220–276 lb) in body mass. The largest known humerus specimen belonged to an individual weighing up to 170 kg (370 lb).
Sandzėnai
Sandzėnai (formerly Russian: Сендзяны) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 0 people. It is located 2 km (1.2 mi) from Dotnuva. The village was depopulated during Soviet era land improvement program (1979 census was the last with a population detected).

Dotnuva
Dotnuva is a small town with a 2003 population of 775 in central Lithuania, 10 km northwest of Kėdainiai, in the Kėdainiai district municipality. It is located on the Dotnuvėlė River. The geographical center of Lithuania, in the village of Ruoščiai, is only a few kilometres away. There is a Catholic church, a former Bernardine monastery, a former sawmill and a watermill in Dotnuva. The Dotnuva manor is in the nearby town of Akademija.

Dotnuva is an important centre of agriculture.
Breitling Jet Team
The Breitling Jet Team was the largest civilian aerobatic display team in Europe. Based in Dijon, France, it flew seven Aero L-39 Albatros jets. The team flew a display lasting 18–20 minutes that included formation flying, opposition passes, solo routines, and synchronized maneuvers. The team performed across Europe and the Middle East, with multiple engagements per year, including international airshows and Breitling corporate events. Breitling withdrew sponsorship in 2019 and the team discontinued performances.

Adecco
The Adecco Group is a Swiss–French company based in Zürich, Switzerland. It is the world's second largest human resources provider and temporary staffing firm. It is a Fortune Global 500 company and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange.

Services offered by the group include temporary staffing, permanent job placement, career transition, and talent development in the office, industrial, technical, financial, and legal sectors, as well as business process outsourcing and consulting. As of 2021 the company had placed 115,000 workers in full time employment and had 500,000 workers in temporary roles daily. It operates three global business units: Adecco, Akkodis, and LHH. Its operating brands include Badenoch & Clark, DIS AG, General Assembly, Innovation Foundation, Lee Hecht Harrison, Modis, Pontoon, Spring Professional, and Yoss.
Murder at the Inn
Murder at the Inn is a 1934 British crime film directed by George King and starring Wendy Barrie, Harold French and Jane Carr. It was a quota quickie, made at Teddington Studios by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Stocks (shipyard)
Stocks are an external framework in a shipyard used to support construction of (usually) wooden ships. They are normally associated with a slipway to allow the ship to slide down into the water. In addition to supporting the ship itself, they are typically used to give access to the ship's bottom and sides. The availability and type of wood of the stocks in the yard would influence the nature and size of the ship that was built.

Stocks were commonly used until the late 19th century for shipbuilding with ships being referred to as built "on the stocks". Historical past examples that can still be seen include those still visible at the shore of Fishbourne, Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom.

Slipway
A slipway is a ramp on the shore by which ships and other vessels can be moved to and from the water. They are used for repairing and sometimes building ships and boats.

As the word "slip" implies, the ships or large boats slide over the ramp. Prior to the move the vessel's keel is coated with grease, which then allows the ship or boat to "slip" off the ramp and progress safely into the water. Slipways are used to launch (newly built) large ships, but can only dry-dock or repair smaller ships.

Pulling large ships against the greased ramp would require too much force. Therefore, for dry-docking large ships, one must use carriages supported by wheels or by roller-pallets. These types of dry-docking installations are called "marine railways". Nevertheless the words "slip" and "slipway" are also used for all dry-docking installations that use a ramp.
1977 Big League World Series
The 1977 Big League World Series took place from August 13–20 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. Taipei, Taiwan defeated host Broward County, Florida twice in the championship game. It was Taiwan's fourth straight championship.

Big League World Series
The Big League World Series was a baseball tournament for youth aged 15 to 18 years old that began in 1968. On August 26, 2016, Little League International announced that it was eliminating the Big League Level of both baseball and softball, citing low participation levels over the previous 15 years. It was patterned after the Little League World Series, which was named for the World Series in Major League Baseball. Most recently, the tournament was held in Easley, South Carolina.

The Big League World Series was held at four different sites.

Winston-Salem, North Carolina 1968–1969

Fort Lauderdale, Florida 1970–1998

Tucson, Arizona 1999–2000

Easley, South Carolina 2001–2016
Kilroy Was Here (1983 film)
Kilroy Was Here is a short film made to tie in with the Styx album of the same name. It was played at the beginning of each Styx show on their 1983 tour. It was written and directed by Brian Gibson of Still Crazy, What's Love Got to Do With It, The Josephine Baker Story and Poltergeist II fame.

The VHS video release of the Kilroy Was Here mini-film and live concert is also known as Caught in the Act in the United States.

Still Crazy
Still Crazy is a 1998 British comedy film directed by Brian Gibson (his final film before his death in 2004). The plot concerns a fictional 1970s rock band named Strange Fruit, who,  two decades after splitting up, are persuaded to get back together to perform at a reunion in the same concert venue where they played their last gig. The film focuses on the personal lives of the band members and those closest to them, their individual experiences with approaching middle-age and the success that eluded them.

It was nominated for two Golden Globes in 1999 in two categories: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Song.
Nanotechnology in cosmetics
Nanomaterials are materials with a size ranging from 1 to 100 nm in at least one dimension. At the nanoscale, material properties become different. These unique properties can be exploited for a variety of applications, including the use of nanoparticles in skincare and cosmetics products.

Cosmeceuticals is one of the fastest growing industries in terms of personal care, accompanied by an increase in nano cosmeceuticals research and applications.

Cosmeceutical
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits.  In the US, there are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a portmanteau of "cosmetics"  and "pharmaceuticals".  Nutricosmetics are related dietary supplement or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance.

Quasi-drug (labelled 医薬部外品 or 薬用) is a Japanese term that refer to many of the same products with functional claims, albeit regulation is stronger as pre-market approval from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is required.
Candie Carawan
Carolanne Marie "Candie" Carawan (née Anderson) (born 1939) is an American civil rights activist, singer and author known for popularizing the protest song "We Shall Overcome" to the American Civil Rights Movement with her husband Guy Carawan in the 1960s.

Evan Carawan
Evan Carawan is an American hammered dulcimer player from Knoxville, Tennessee.  He is the son of folk musicians Candie and Guy Carawan. Evan Carawan learned to play hammered dulcimer from his father, who was a pioneer in reviving American interest in the instrument. Carawan typically plays in old-time music, Irish, and new-age styles.

Carawan has been a member of several musical groups, including The Carawan Family (with his parents and other associates, often Will Byers and Don Cassell), and the Atomic City Rhythm Rascals (with David Lovett, Chris McMahon, and Tim Worman).

As a youth in 1972, Carawan taught hammered dulcimer player Malcolm Dalglish his first hammered dulcimer tune, the traditional Drunken Sailor.

Although best known for his hammered dulcimer playing, Carawan also plays the mandolin.

Carawan is also employed at McKay Books in Knoxville, TN.
Jesper Mattson Cruus af Edeby
Jesper Mattson Cruus af Edeby (1576–1622) was a Swedish soldier and politician, being appointed Privy Councilor in 1612, Field Marshal in 1615, Lord High Treasurer in 1615, and Governor of Riga in 1621. In the Kalmar War (1611–1613) he led the Swedish troops to victory against the Danish forces, led by King Christian IV of Denmark, at the Battle of Kölleryd, on 21 February 1612. In 1622 he died in Riga after being wounded in a dispute with a local clergyman.

Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is the longest of any Scandinavian monarch.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish-Norwegian kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdoms a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark-Norway in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark-Norway some of its conquered territories.
He rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.
Myrmarachne uniseriata
Myrmarachne uniseriata is a species of spider of the family Salticidae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, the species was found in the Ethagala range of Kurunegala District. The species can easily identified by the reddish orange-coloured carapace and dorsally flat chelicerae of male.

The species was first described by Narayan in 1915. Separately, Myrmarachne aurantiaca was described by Benjamin in 2015. In 2017, Caleb and Benjamin reduced the latter name to a synonym of Myrmarachne uniseriata.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
16th Lux Style Awards
The 16th Lux Style Awards ceremony, presented by Lux to honor the best in fashion, music, films, and Pakistani television of 2016, took place on 19 April 2017 at the Expo Center, Karachi, Sindh. During the ceremony, LUX presented the Lux Style Awards (commonly referred to as LSA) in four segments including Film, Fashion, Television, and Music. Actor in Law remained the most award-winning film with 4 awards while Udaari remained the most award-winning TV series by winning 3 awards.

18th Lux Style Awards

18th Lux Style Awards
The 18th Lux Style Awards presented by Lux to honour the best in fashion, music, films and 2018 in Pakistani television, took place on 7 July 2019 at Expo Center, Karachi, Sindh and broadcast by Geo Entertainment.

17th Lux Style Awards
East Central Indiana
East Central Indiana is a region in Indiana east of Indianapolis, Indiana, and bordering the Ohio state line.  The Indiana Gas Boom, which took place during the 1890s, changed much of the area from small agricultural communities to larger cities with economies that included manufacturing.  Companies such as Ball Corporation and Overhead Door once had their headquarters in the region.  Glass manufacturing was the first industry to be widespread in the area, because of the natural gas.  As the glass industry faded, many of the skilled workers became employed at auto parts factories in cities such as Muncie and Anderson.  With the decline of the American automobile industry, East Central Indiana became part of the Rust Belt.  Many communities have been forced to reinvent themselves with a focus on services or a return to agriculture.

Anderson, Indiana
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Indiana, United States. The population was 54,788 at the 2020 census. It is named after Chief William Anderson.  The city is the headquarters of the Church of God and its Anderson University. Highlights of the city include the historic Paramount Theatre and the Gruenewald House.