hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spring (operating system)
Spring is a discontinued project in building an experimental microkernel-based object-oriented operating system (OS) developed at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Using technology substantially similar to concepts developed in the Mach kernel, Spring concentrated on providing a richer programming environment supporting multiple inheritance and other features. Spring was also more cleanly separated from the operating systems it would host, divorcing it from its Unix roots and even allowing several OSes to be run at the same time. Development faded out in the mid-1990s, but several ideas and some code from the project was later re-used in the Java programming language libraries and the Solaris operating system.

Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).

If the hardware provides multiple rings or CPU modes, the microkernel may be the only software executing at the most privileged level, which is generally referred to as supervisor or kernel mode. Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are typically removed from the microkernel itself and are instead run in user space.

In terms of the source code size, microkernels are often smaller than monolithic kernels. The MINIX 3 microkernel, for example, has only approximately 12,000 lines of code.
Kanata Lakes
Kanata Lakes also known as Marchwood-Lakeside is a neighbourhood in Kanata North Ward in the west end of the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Prior to amalgamation in 2001, it was located within the City of Kanata. It is located north of the Queensway, west of Beaverbrook, east of Terry Fox Drive, and south of Morgan's Grant.  Kanata Lakes is located about 20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Downtown Ottawa.

According to the 2011 Canadian Census, the population of Kanata Lakes was 12,668.

Downtown Ottawa
Downtown Ottawa is the central area of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is sometimes referred to as the Central Business District and contains Ottawa's financial district. It is bordered by the Ottawa River to the north, the Rideau Canal to the east, Gloucester Street to the south and Bronson Avenue to the west. This area and the residential neighbourhood to the south are also known locally as 'Centretown'. The total population of the area is 5,501 (2021 Census).
International FJ
The International FJ is a Dutch sailboat that was designed by Uus Van Essen and Conrad Gülcher as a trainer and one design racer, first built in 1956.

The boat was initially called the Flying Dutchman Junior (after the Flying Dutchman one design racer), as it was designed as a trainer for that Olympic sailing class boat. It was later called the Flying Junior. In 1980 the name was again officially changed to the International FJ.

The design became a World Sailing accepted International class in 1972-73. Now, it is used in a variety of college sailing races.

One-design racing
One-design racing is a racing method which may be adopted in sports using complex equipment, whereby all vehicles have identical or very similar designs or models, avoiding the need for a handicap system.
Pathetic dot theory
The pathetic dot theory or the New Chicago School theory was introduced by Lawrence Lessig in a 1998 article and popularized in his 1999 book, Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. It is a socioeconomic theory of regulation. It discusses how lives of individuals (the pathetic dots in question) are regulated by four forces: the law, social norms, the market, and architecture (technical infrastructure).

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Cieśle, Wieluń County
Cieśle [ˈt͡ɕɛɕlɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pątnów, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Pątnów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pątnów, Łódź Voivodeship
Pątnów [ˈpɔntnuf] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pątnów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Wieluń and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
St Goran
St Goran is a coastal civil parish in Cornwall, England, UK, six miles (10 km) south-southwest of St Austell. The largest settlement in the parish is the coastal village of Gorran Haven, a mile to the east with a further cluster of homes at Trevarrick. The population (including Boswinger) at the 2011 census was 1,411.

The parish is bounded by the sea to the east and south. It is bordered by St Michael Caerhays parish to the west and by St Ewe and Mevagissey parishes to the north.

The patron saint Guron or Goronus is said to have come here from Bodmin. The parish church is a fine building of the 15th century though the foundation is Norman. Features of interest include the bench ends and the late medieval font. At Gorran Haven is a 15th-century chapel of St Just, restored in the 1860s. At Bodrugan, there are some remains of the medieval manor house of the Bodrugans which also had a chapel.

Thomas Tonkin, MP and historian, is buried at the parish church.

Bodmin
Bodmin (Cornish: Bosvena) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated south-west of Bodmin Moor.

The extent of the civil parish corresponds fairly closely to that of the town so is mostly urban in character. It is bordered to the east by Cardinham parish, to the southeast by Lanhydrock parish, to the southwest and west by Lanivet parish, and to the north by Helland parish. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 16,909.

Bodmin became the county town of Cornwall in 1838 when the main courts for the county moved there from Launceston. Bodmin gradually lost county town functions to Truro; in 1889 the new Cornwall County Council chose to base itself in Truro, and the county's main courthouse moved to Truro in 1988.
Régional Saignelégier–Glovelier
The Régional Saignelégier–Glovelier (RSG) was a railway company that operated a metre-gauge railway from Saignelégier to Glovelier in Switzerland. In 1944, the railway was merged to form the Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ), which converted the line to metre gauge and electrified it at 1500 Volt DC. Today, the line is part of the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line.

Montfaucon, Switzerland
Montfaucon (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃fokɔ̃]) is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipality of Montfavergier merged into Montfaucon.
Kampala Accord
The Kampala Accord was an agreement made in Kampala, Uganda in line with the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic to bring an end to the transitional phase of the Transitional Federal Government on 20 August 2011. It was signed on 9 June 2011 by HE Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President of the Transitional Federal Government, Hon Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden, Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament, H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President of the Replublic of Uganda and Dr Augustine Mahiga, Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations.

Transitional Federal Parliament of Somalia
The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (TFP) (Somali: Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya) was the national parliament of Somalia from 2004 until 2012.

In a 2008 report called 'So Much to Fear' Human Rights Watch accused the Transitional Federal Government of human rights abuses and war crimes which include murder, rape, assault, and looting. The report also states that the TFG police force had also been implicated in arbitrary arrests of ordinary civilians in order to extort ransoms from their families. The TFP was succeeded by the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
Norwood culture
The Norwood culture was a subculture or subperiod of the late Archaic culture.

The Norwood culture was located in the Apalachee region, a forested and hilly part of what is now north Florida and was typical of other Archaic cultures using triangular-shaped projectile point knives which showed notches for attaching stone implements to shafts. It is widely accepted that Archaic cultures began using hand held spears to atlatls to more effectively bring down animals for clothing and consumption.

The Norwood culture was one of the first in North America to make pottery. The pottery was tempered with Spanish moss or strands of fiber from the palmetto, and decorated by making stick impressions on its outer surface prior to firing. Much of the Gulf coastal shell middens date to this Archaic period. Some sites have been covered by rising sea level, while other sites have been destroyed by modern borrowing activities and development.

Apalachee Province
Apalachee Province was the area in the Panhandle of the present-day U.S. state of Florida inhabited by the Native American peoples known as the Apalachee at the time of European contact. The southernmost extent of the Mississippian culture, the Apalachee lived in what is now Leon County, Wakulla County and Jefferson County. The name was in use during the early period of European exploration. During Spanish colonization, the Apalachee Province became one of the four major provinces in the Spanish mission system, the others being the Timucua Province, (between the St. Johns and Suwanee Rivers), the Mocama Province (along the Atlantic coast of what is now northern Florida and southern Georgia) and the Guale Province (along the Georgia coast north of the Altamaha River).
Château Teyssier
44°51′09″N 0°09′27″W﻿ / ﻿44.85254°N 0.15748°W﻿ / 44.85254; -0.15748

Château Teyssier is a Bordeaux wine producer from the appellation Saint-Émilion, whose grand vin is ranked Grand cru in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine. The winery is located in the Right Bank of France's Bordeaux wine region in the commune of Vignonet, in the department Gironde.

In addition to its Grand vin Château Teyssier, the estate produces the "super-cuvées" Le Dôme, Vieux Château Mazerat, Les Astéries, Le Carré, Clos Nardian as single vineyard wines and the estate wine Château Laforge as well as the generic Bordeaux appellation line Pezat.

Château Angélus
Château Angélus, until 1990 known as Château L'Angélus, or simply L'Angélus, is a winery in the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the appellation of Saint-Émilion. The estate was formerly highly ranked in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine, being promoted to Premier grand cru classé in 1996, then Premier grand cru classé (A) in 2012, before withdrawing from the classification in 2021.

The château also produces a second wine named Carillon d’Angélus (since 1987) and a third wine, No. 3 d’Angélus. A fourth label was announced in 2022 called Tempo d’Angélus which is a Bordeaux AOP wine from plots of land acquired in the Côtes de Bordeaux Castillon area to the east of Saint-Émilion in 2017, though the wine is labeled as Bordeaux AOP.
Closer (band)
Closer was an American four-piece rock band from New York City. The band's members were Harley Di Nardo (vocals, guitars), Derrek Hawkins (guitars), David Cartategui (bass) and Jonathan Nanberg (drums). The band was founded in the late 1990s as Velour. The band played in numerous music venues within New York City, such as The Continental, Coney Island High, CBGBs, Mercury Lounge and The Spiral Lounge. They then caught the attention of Revolution/Giant Records, a Warner Bros Records imprint label.

After performing for Revolution/Giant Records, record producer Ed Buller produced their debut release.  Recording started in late 1996 at The Record Plant in Sausalito, California and, in September 1997, Don't Walk was released. Don't Walk reflects the band's musical influences, such as British glitter rock artists of the 1970s and Britpop acts of the 1990s.

Shortly after releasing Don't Walk, the band toured with Love Spit Love, Supergrass and Chumbawamba.

Love Spit Love
Love Spit Love was an English–American alternative rock band founded in 1992 by the English singer Richard Butler during the 1990s hiatus of the Psychedelic Furs. The band released two studio albums and has not been active since 2000.
1960 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1960 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were held in Tolosa, Spain on Sunday February 21, 1960. It was the 11th edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

About 50,000 spectators lined a course of just over three kilometers that had to be completed seven times, bringing the total distance this edition to 21.66 kilometers. The 31 participants came from eight countries, including Portugal, which sent a team for the first time.

After the French Jean Robic (1950), Roger Rondeaux (1951–1953), André Dufraisse (1954–1958) and the Italian Renato Longo (1959), the West German Rolf Wolfshohl became the fifth cyclo-cross world champion in his fourth participation. It was his third consecutive podium finish.

1950 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1950 Cyclo-cross World Championship was the inaugural edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

It was held on Saturday, March 4, 1950, in the suburbs of Paris, on a 23,25 kilometer course on the Gravelle Plateau. Riders from six countries, each with four participants, participated. The race was won by 29-year old Jean Robic.
2023 Africa Women's Sevens
The 2023 Africa Women's Sevens was the 11th edition of the Africa Women's Sevens, an annual African rugby sevens tournament. The qualifier event took place at the Lusaka Rugby Club, Zambia between 1 and 2 July 2023. The main event took place in Tunisia. The winner qualified for the 2024 Olympics in Paris, and the second and third placed teams qualified for the 2024 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament. In addition, the top two teams qualified for the 2024 Challenger Series.

A total of fifteen teams participated.

2024 Women's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament
The final qualification repechage tournament for women's rugby sevens at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 21–23 June 2024 at Stade Louis II in Monaco.

Twelve women's teams were eligible to compete in the repechage tournament, being the second and third ranked teams from the six continental qualifiers.
Luari Sharif
Luari Sharif, also spelled Lowari, is a town and union council in Shaheed Fazil Rahu taluka of Badin District, Sindh. As of 2017, it has a population of 9,527, in 1,907 households. It is the site of the shrine of Hazrat Khawaja Muhammad Zaman, one of the most revered religious figures in Sindh. The shrine, among the oldest in Sindh, was closed for 37 years due to a custodianship dispute before being reopened in January 2020. This hindered renovation and maintenance of the shrine, which it especially needed after suffering substantial damage during the 2011 Sindh floods. A 2015 attempt by the Auqaf department had been cancelled after tension escalated between the two rival groups, leading to one person being shot and killed. The successful 2020 reopening of the shrine took place without incident, with law enforcement officers on standby, and Auqaf Secretary Munawwar Mahesar unlocked the shrine's main entrance. The shrine is open to women in the mornings and to men in the evenings.

Shaheed Fazil Rahu Tehsil
Shaheed Fazil Rahu Tehsil is a tehsil in Badin district, Sindh, Pakistan. Sardar Kamal Khan Chang is the National Assembly member from this tehsil. The largest city in the tehsil is Shaheed Fazil Rahu, formally called Golarchi.
Horace Augustus Curtis
Horace Augustus Curtis VC (7 March 1891 – 1 July 1968) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry
The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (DCLI) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 to 1959.

The regiment was created on 1 July 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms, by the merger of the 32nd (Cornwall Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot and the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot.  The DCLI also incorporated the militia and rifle volunteers of Cornwall.

In 1959 the regiment merged with the Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's) to form the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry. However, this was amalgamated with the Durham Light Infantry, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry and the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry to form The Light Infantry which was also merged, in 2007, with the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment, the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment and the Royal Green Jackets to form The Rifles, which continues the lineage of the DCLI.
Rakka Eyalet
The eyalet of Rakka or Urfa (Arabic: إيالة الرقة; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت رقه, romanized: Eyālet-i Raqqa) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was 24,062 square miles (62,320 km2).

The eyalet was created in 1586 on territory previously under the jurisdiction of Diyarbekir. In the 16th century, the town of Raqqa again entered the historical record as an Ottoman customs post on the Euphrates. However, the capital of this eyalet and seat of the vali was not Raqqa but ar-Ruha about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Raqqa.

Diyar Rabi'a
Diyar Rabi'a (Arabic: دِيَارُ رَبِيعَةَ, romanized: Diyār Rabīʿa, lit. 'abode of Rabi'a') is the medieval Arabic name of the easternmost and largest of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Bakr and Diyar Mudar. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiya in the course of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Rabi'a was settled by the Rabi'a tribe.
Pirnaer Ruderverein 1872
50°57′51.1″N 13°55′55.72″E﻿ / ﻿50.964194°N 13.9321444°E﻿ / 50.964194; 13.9321444

The Pirna Rowing Club 1872 (Pirnaer Ruderverein 1872), from Pirna (Germany) is the first and oldest rowing club in the Freestate of Saxony, founded in 1872 and reshaped in 1991. One of the best known is the rower Peggy Waleska, who won 2 World Championships and one silver medal on the Olympics, and the rower Dieter Schubert, who won 2 times Olympic gold, 2 World- championships and 3 European championships. Sybille Reinhardt won the Olympic gold during the competitions Rowing at the 1980 Summer Olympics. During the time of the German Democratic Republic their names were: Betriebssportgemeinschaft Kommunales Wirtschaftsunternehmen (BSG KWU) Pirna, BSG Einheit Pirna, BSG Fortschritt Pirna and SV Fortschritt Pirna.

Pirna
Pirna (German: [ˈpɪʁna] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Pěrno, pronounced [ˈpʲɪʁnɔ]) is a town in Saxony, Germany and capital of the administrative district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge. The town's population is over 37,000. Pirna is located near Dresden and is an important district town as well as a Große Kreisstadt.
2020 Balkan Athletics Championships
The 2020 Balkan Athletics Championships was the 73rd edition of the annual track and field competition for athletes from the Balkans, organised by Balkan Athletics. It was held on 19 and 20 September at the Cluj Arena in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Balkan Athletics Championships
The Balkan Athletics Championships or Balkan Games (Greek: Βαλκανικοί Αγώνες) is a regional athletics competition held between nations from the Balkans as well as other associated states, and organized by the Association of the Balkan Athletics Federations. The first games were held in Athens in 1929, and the most recent were being held in İzmir in 2024.
1998 Kazakhstan Cup final
The 1998 Kazakhstan Cup final was the sixth final of the Kazakhstan Cup. The match was contested by Irtysh and Kaisar-Hurricane at Central Stadium in Almaty. The match was played on 10 June 1998 and was the final match of the competition.

1997–98 Kazakhstan Cup
The 1997–98 Kazakhstan Cup is the sixth season of the Kazakhstan Cup, the annual nationwide football cup competition of Kazakhstan since the independence of the country. The competition begins on 15 June 1997, and will end with the final in June 1998. Kairat are the defending champions, having won their second cup in the 1996-97 competition.
Anishinaabe religions
The term Anishinaabe is used as a collective noun by a group of different Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabiting parts of northeastern North America called the Anishinaabe. These peoples each have their own traditional Native American religions, although have also seen substantial conversion to Christianity.

Traditional religions found among the Anishinaabe peoples include Ojibwe religion, Odawa religion, Potawatomi religion, and Oji-Cree religion. Certain common features can be found across these different traditions and there are religious societies, like the Midewiwin, that have been practiced by members of different Anishinaabe groups.

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Nguyễn Văn Việt (footballer, born 2002)
Nguyễn Văn Việt (born 12 July 2002) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for V.League 1 club Thể Công-Viettel, on loan from Sông Lam Nghệ An, and the Vietnam national team.

2017 AFF U-15 Championship
The 2017 AFF U-15 Championship was the twelfth edition of the AFF U-16 Championship (first edition of the under-15 era), the annual international youth association football championship organised by the ASEAN Football Federation for men's under-15 national teams of Southeast Asia. It had reverted from an under-16 competition to an under-15 competition in preparation for the AFC U-16 Championship 2018 qualifiers. Thailand, which were selected to host the tournament, returning for the first time since the cancelled 2009 AFF U-16 Youth Championship. Vietnam won the tournament after beating Thailand 4–2 on penalties in the final.

A total of 12 teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2002 eligible to participate. Each match had a duration of 80 minutes, consisting of two halves of 40 minutes.