hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020–21 EuroCup Basketball
The 2020–21 EuroCup Basketball season was the 19th season of Euroleague Basketball's secondary level professional club basketball tournament. It was the 13th season since it was renamed from the ULEB Cup to the EuroCup, and the fifth season under the title sponsorship name of 7DAYS.

KK Mornar Bar
Košarkaški klub Mornar (Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Морнар), commonly referred to as Mornar Barsko zlato for sponsorship reasons, is a men's professional basketball club based in Bar, Montenegro. The club competes in the Montenegrin Basketball League and the ABA 2 League.

The team also plays in international competitions. Mornar made its European debut in the Basketball Champions League during the 2016–17 season. Mornar won its first domestic title the following year in the 2017–18 Montenegrin League.
Nerik
Nerik (Hittite: Nerik(ka)) was a Bronze Age settlement to the north of the Hittite capitals Hattusa and Sapinuwa, probably in the Pontic region. Since 2005–2009, the site of Nerik has been identified as Oymaağaç Höyük, on the eastern side of the Kızılırmak River, 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Vezirköprü.

Vezirköprü
Vezirköprü is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,674 km2, and its population is 90,308 (2022). It is named after the Ottoman Albanian grand vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha.
Secure environment
In computing, a secure environment is any system which implements the controlled storage and use of information.  In the event of computing data loss, a secure environment is used to protect personal or confidential data. It may also be known as a trusted execution environment (TEE).

Often, secure environments employ cryptography as a means to protect information. This is typically used for processing confidential or restricted information.

Some secure environments employ cryptographic hashing, simply to verify that the information has not been altered since it was last modified.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis Railway
The Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis Railway was authorized in 1879 to build a railroad from the Eastern border of Minnesota to Minneapolis. In 1878, it obtained the re-organized West Wisconsin Railway, which had built from Hudson, Wisconsin to Elroy, Wisconsin.

In 1881, it obtained the re-organized St. Paul and Sioux City Railroad, from its railroad junction in Le Mars, Iowa north to St. Paul. This trackage is currently part of the Union Pacific Railroad route from St. Paul to Sioux City, Iowa.

Also in 1881, its rights were granted to a new railroad organization, in a merger with the North Wisconsin Railway, to the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway. This route is also currently part of the Union Pacific, and is the track from the crossing of the St. Croix River at Hudson, Wisconsin to East Minneapolis.

West Wisconsin Railway
The West Wisconsin Railway was a small railroad in Wisconsin, connecting the Chicago and North Western Railway at Elroy, Wisconsin to Hudson, Wisconsin. It became part of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road"). This Omaha Road merged into the Chicago and North Western Railway. Today some of its route is still active as Union Pacific's Altoona Subdivision between Saint Paul and Altoona, Wisconsin.

An 1871 proposal map shows the route from Saint Paul joining the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad at Tomah, Wisconsin. The West Wisconsin Railway was authorized in 1876 to build from St. Paul, Minnesota through to reach the Chicago and North Western Railway at Elroy, Wisconsin. It crossed the Milwaukee Road at Camp Douglas, instead of Tomah. In 1878 the bankrupt West Wisconsin Railway was acquired by the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway.
SUN domain
SUN (Sad1p, UNC-84) domains are conserved C-terminal protein regions a few hundred amino acids long.  SUN domains are usually found following a transmembrane domain and a less conserved region of amino acids.  Most proteins containing SUN domains are thought to be involved in the positioning of the nucleus in the cell.  It is thought that SUN domains interact directly with KASH domains in the space between the outer and inner nuclear membranes to bridge the nuclear envelope and transfer force from the nucleoskeleton to the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton which enables mechanosensory roles in cells.  SUN proteins are thought to localize to the inner nuclear membrane. The S. pombe Sad1 protein localises at the spindle pole body. In mammals, the SUN domain is present in two proteins, Sun1 and Sun2. The SUN domain of Sun2 has been demonstrated to be in the periplasm.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Awadhi people
The Awadhi people  or Awadhis (Devanagari: अवधी, Kaithi: 𑂃𑂫𑂡𑂲, Perso-Arabic: اودھی) are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group who speak the Awadhi language and reside in the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh. Many Awadhis also migrated to Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha in India and some adjoining regions of the Terai in Nepal, and in addition 3 per cent of Nepalis are Awadhi speakers. Awadhi people can be found throughout the world, most notably in Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand. Historically, Indo-Aryans dominated the North Indian Gangetic Planes; thus, the Awadhi language continuously evolved over the centuries in the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh.

Awadh
Awadh (Hindi: [əˈʋədʱ] ⓘ), known in British Raj historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a historical region in northern India, now constituting the central portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient Kosala region of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scriptures.

It was a province of all the major Islamic dynasties in India including the Mughal Empire. With the decline of late Mughal Delhi, Awadh became a major source of literary, artistic, religious, and architectural patronage in northern India under the rule of its eleven rulers, called Nawabs. From 1720 to 1856, the nawabs presided over Awadh, with Ayodhya and Faizabad serving as the region's initial capitals. Later, the capital was relocated to Lucknow, which is now the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

The British conquered Awadh in 1856, which infuriated Indians and was recognised as a factor causing the Indian Rebellion (1857-58), the biggest Indian uprising against British rule.
Karl Anton Eugen Prantl
Karl Anton Eugen Prantl (10 September 1849 – 24 February 1893), also known as Carl Anton Eugen Prantl, was a German botanist.

Prantl was born in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, and studied in Munich. In 1870, he graduated with the dissertation Das Inulin. Ein Beitrag zur Pflanzenphysiologie (The inulin, a contribution to the plant physiology). He worked with Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli and Julius Sachs. From 1887 on, he published Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (The Natural Plant Families) with fellow botanist Adolf Engler, who completed the work in 1915.

In 1877, he became a professor at the forest educational institution at Aschaffenburg, transferring to Breslau University in 1889, where he also became director of the botanical garden there. Prantl worked particularly on Cryptogams.

Carl Nägeli
Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli (26 or 27 March 1817 – 10 May 1891) was a Swiss botanist. He studied cell division and pollination but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics. He rejected natural selection as a mechanism of evolution, favouring orthogenesis driven by a supposed "inner perfecting principle".
Rim lock
A rim lock is a locking device that attaches to the surface of a door.

It is the oldest type of lock used in the United Kingdom and Ireland.  It is of a basic design using  (usually) a single lever and a sliding bolt. Wards can be used for additional security. They are not used where high security is required. Most older locks were large, some as big as 40 by 25 centimetres (15.7 by 9.8 in).

Most rimlocks used today on exterior doors in the British Isles are night latches.

In the United States, rim locks and rim latches are often used on wooden screen doors. A rim lock may also be seen on an antique pantry, pie safe, and other cabinets. Some rim lock and latch sets have a shallower backset than does a modern bored cylindrical lock or mortise lock, allowing their use on doors with narrow rails.

Warded lock
A warded lock (also called a ward lock) is a type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted. The correct key has notches or slots corresponding to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely inside the lock.
Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1980–1989)
This is a chronology of activities by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) from 1980 to 1989. For actions before and after this period see Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions.

Ballygawley, County Tyrone
Ballygawley or Ballygawly (from Irish Baile Uí Dhálaigh, meaning 'Ó Dálaigh's town') is a village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is about 14 miles (20 km) west of Dungannon, near the meeting of the A5 Derry–Dublin and A4 Dungannon–Enniskillen roads.
Henry A. Crumpton
Henry "Hank" Alva Crumpton (born 1957) is an American retired Central Intelligence Agency operations officer, who served as deputy director of the Counterterrorism Center and as head of the CIA's National Resources Division, which focuses on operations in the United States. In the early days of the invasion of Afghanistan, Crumpton led CTC Special Operations paramilitary forces in pursuit of the Taliban and al-Qaeda following the September 11 attacks. Crumpton also planned a larger incursion alongside others like Greg Vogle and Chris Wood. He was later appointed by President George W. Bush as Coordinator for Counterterrorism at the Department of State with the rank of Ambassador-at-large on August 2, 2005. He is an author and co-founder, chairman, and CEO of the business intelligence and political risk firm Crumpton Global LLC.

Coordinator for Counterterrorism
The coordinator for counterterrorism heads the Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, which coordinates U.S. government efforts to fight terrorism. As the head of the counterterrorism bureau, the coordinator for counterterrorism has the rank of both ambassador-at-large and assistant secretary.
East Wenatchee Bench, Washington
East Wenatchee Bench is a former census-designated place in Douglas County, Washington, United States. Most of the area has been annexed by the city of East Wenatchee. It was part of the Wenatchee–East Wenatchee Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 13,658 at the 2000 census, but it was no longer a CDP in the 2010 census because most of its populated area was annexed by East Wenatchee.

Wenatchee–East Wenatchee metropolitan area
The Wenatchee–East Wenatchee Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Chelan and Douglas Counties in Washington state, anchored by the cities of Wenatchee and East Wenatchee. According to the 2000 census the MSA had a population of 99,219.  The 2010 census showed the MSA had a population increase of 11.76% to 110,884. As of 2015, the Wenatchee Metropolitan Statistical Area was the 331st largest MSA in the United States.
Quisqualic acid
Quisqualic acid is an agonist of the AMPA, kainate, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors.  It is one of the most potent AMPA receptor agonists known. It causes excitotoxicity and is used in neuroscience to selectively destroy neurons in the brain or spinal cord. Quisqualic acid occurs naturally in the seeds of Quisqualis species.

Research conducted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, has demonstrated quisqualic acid is also present within the flower petals of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and is responsible for causing rigid paralysis of the Japanese beetle. Quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system.

ADME
ADME is the four-letter abbreviation (acronym) for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, and is mainly used in fields such as pharmacokinetics and pharmacology. The four letters stand for descriptors quantifying how a given drug interacts within body over time. The term ADME was first introduced in the 1960s, and has become a standard term widely used in scientific literature, teaching, drug regulations, and clinical practice.

ADME describes the disposition of a pharmaceutical compound within an organism. The four criteria all influence the drug levels and kinetics of drug exposure to the tissues and hence influence the performance and pharmacological activity of the compound as a drug. Sometimes liberation and/or toxicity are also considered, yielding LADME, ADMET, or LADMET.
Johannes Bertelius
Johannes Bertelius [also Jean Bertels] (1544 – June 19, 1607), abbot of Echternach and writer of a history of Luxembourg, was born in Leuven.

After obtaining a degree in philosophy at the Pedagogy of the Lily in Leuven University, Bertelius was elected abbot of Altmünster Abbey, Luxembourg, in 1573 and was consecrated in 1576. On his orders the relics of John the Blind, Duke of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, were buried there. In 1595 king Philip II of Spain appointed him abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St. Willibrord at Echternach.

The following year the abbey was pillaged by Dutch freebooters and Bertelius was taken prisoner and removed to Nijmegen. He was released only after a ransom payment. After his return, he devoted himself to literary work until his death. He was buried in a chapel of the monastery at Echternach.

Willibrord
Willibrord (Latin: Villibrordus; c. 658 – 7 November AD 739) was an Anglo-Saxon monk, bishop, and missionary. He became the first Bishop of Utrecht in what is now the Netherlands, dying at Echternach in Luxembourg, and is known as the "Apostle to the Frisians".
Ra'ouf Mus'ad
Ra’ouf Mus'ad (Arabic: رؤوف مسعد; sometimes known as Raouf Moussad-Basta) (20 March 1937 – 18 October 2025) was an Egyptian playwright, journalist and novelist who was born in Sudan to Coptic parents from Egypt. He moved to Egypt as a teenager and lived in various countries, both in the Middle East and in Europe, during his last 30 years.  He eventually settled in Amsterdam with his Dutch wife and their children and took Dutch nationality.

Sonallah Ibrahim
Son'allah Ibrahim (Arabic: صنع الله إبراهيم, romanized: Ṣunʻ Allāh Ibrāhīm; 3 August 1937 – 13 August 2025) was an Egyptian novelist and short story writer and one of the "Sixties Generation" who was known for his leftist views which are expressed rather directly in his work. His novels, especially later ones, incorporate many excerpts from newspapers, magazines and other political sources as a way to enlighten the people about a certain political or social issue. Because of his political opinions he was imprisoned during the 1960s; his imprisonment is featured in his first book, That Smell (تلك الرائحة), which was one of the first works of Egyptian literature to feature a modernist view.

In harmony with his political beliefs, in 2003 he refused to accept a prestigious literary award worth £E100,000 from Egypt's Ministry of Culture.
St. Joseph's Chapel (Minto, North Dakota)
The St. Joseph's Chapel in Minto, North Dakota, United States, includes Stick/Eastlake, Colonial Revival, and Late Gothic Revival architecture.  It was built in 1907.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

It is a wayside shrine, exemplifying that type of Polish immigrant construction.

Stick style
The Stick style was a late-19th-century American architectural style, transitional between the Carpenter Gothic style of the mid-19th century, and the Queen Anne style that it had evolved into by the 1890s. It is named after its use of linear "stickwork" (overlay board strips) on the outside walls to mimic an exposed half-timbered frame.
Yellow-throated Fiji whistler
The yellow-throated Fiji whistler (Pachycephala graeffii) is a species of passerine bird in the family Pachycephalidae, endemic to central Fiji. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the white-throated Fiji whistler (Pachycephala vitiensis). Before the split the combined species were known as the "Fiji whistler".

Gustav Hartlaub
Karel Johan Gustav Hartlaub (8 November 1814 – 29 November 1900) was a German physician and ornithologist.

Hartlaub was born in Bremen, and studied at Bonn and Berlin before graduating in medicine at Göttingen. In 1840, he began to study and collect exotic birds, which he donated to the Bremen Natural History Museum. He described some of these species for the first time. In 1852, he set up a new journal with Jean Cabanis, the Journal für Ornithologie. He wrote with Otto Finsch, Beitrag zur Fauna Centralpolynesiens: Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa und Tonga- Inseln. Halle, H. Schmidt. This 1867 work which has handcoloured lithographs was based on bird specimens collected by Eduard Heinrich Graeffe for Museum Godeffroy.
A number of birds were named for him, including Hartlaub's Bustard, Hartlaub's Turaco, Hartlaub's Duck, and Hartlaub's Gull.
Mike Patrick (American football)
Charles Michael Patrick (September 6, 1952 – April 27, 2008) was an American professional football player who was a punter for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) from 1975 to 1978. He was born in Austin, Texas, and graduated from Biloxi High School in Biloxi, Mississippi. He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs. He died at age 55 in Biloxi.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Frank C. Osmers Jr.
Frank Charles Osmers Jr. (December 30, 1907 – May 21, 1977) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 9th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 to 1943 and again from 1951 to 1965.

Haworth, New Jersey
Haworth (English pronunciation: /ˈhɑːwəɹθ/ ⓘ) is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 3,343, a decrease of 39 (−1.2%) from the 2010 census count of 3,382, which in turn reflected a decline of 8 (−0.2%) from the 3,390 counted in the 2000 census.

Haworth was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 24, 1904, from portions of both Dumont borough and Harrington Township. The borough was named for the historic village of Haworth, England.

In September 2012, Business Insider named Haworth the third-best suburb in America.
Saitō clan
The Saitō clan (Japanese: 斎藤氏, Hepburn: Saitō-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that ruled Mino province in the Sengoku period. The clan appropriated the name of a defunct samurai clan named "Saitō" that had previously hailed from Echizen province and claimed descent from Fujiwara Toshihito, of the Hokke branch of the Fujiwara clan.

Fujiwara Hok-ke
The Fujiwara Hok-ke (藤原北家; lit. Fujiwara northern house) was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara clan of Japan.

The other three were the Fujiwara Nan-ke, Fujiwara Kyō-ke and Fujiwara Shiki-ke. The Hok-ke branch issued the de facto rulers of Japan through their hereditary position as imperial regents (Sesshō and Kampaku). In the Kamakura period, it further split into the Five regent houses, who continued to monopolize the regency from the 12th century until 1868. After the Meiji Restoration, these houses were appointed Prince in the new hereditary peerage.
Kiwitahi
Kiwitahi is a rural community in the Matamata-Piako District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island, located directly south of Morrinsville.

The community has a school and a local hall that accommodates up to 120 people.

Morrinsville
Morrinsville (Māori: Mōrena) is a provincial town in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. Morrinsville is a service town for the local dairy industry; the area surrounding the town has the highest concentration of dairy cattle in New Zealand.
Hesse-Kassel vereinsthaler
The Vereinsthaler was the currency of the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) between 1858 and 1873. It replaced the Thaler at par and was replaced by the German Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler = 3 Mark.

The Vereinsthaler was subdivided into 30 Silbergroschen, each of 12 Heller.

Heller (coin)
The Heller, abbreviation hlr, was a coin, originally valued at half a pfennig, that was issued in Switzerland and various states of the Holy Roman Empire, surviving in some European countries until the 20th century.

It was first recorded in 1200 or 1208 though according to Reiner Hausherr, it may have existed as early as 1189. The hellers were gradually so debased that they were no longer silver coins. There were 576 hellers in a Reichsthaler ("imperial thaler"). After the Second World War, hellers only survived in Czechoslovakia and Hungary.

The heller also existed as a silver unit of weight equal to 1⁄512 of a Mark.

During the interwar period, Notgeld (emergency paper money) was issued in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein and was denominated in hellers.