hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dipole graph
In graph theory, a dipole graph, dipole, bond graph, or linkage, is a multigraph consisting of two vertices connected with a number of parallel edges. A dipole graph containing n edges is called the size-n dipole graph, and is denoted by Dn. The size-n dipole graph is dual to the cycle graph Cn.

The honeycomb as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of the dipole graph D3, while the diamond crystal as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of D4.

Similarly to the Platonic graphs, the dipole graphs form the skeletons of the hosohedra. Their duals, the cycle graphs, form the skeletons of the dihedra.

Multigraph
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph  is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called parallel edges), that is, edges that have the same end nodes. Thus two vertices may be connected by more than one edge.

There are 2 distinct notions of multiple edges:

Edges without own identity: The identity of an edge is defined solely by the two nodes it connects. In this case, the term "multiple edges" means that the same edge can occur several times between these two nodes.

Edges with own identity: Edges are primitive entities just like nodes. When multiple edges connect two nodes, these are different edges.

A multigraph is different from a hypergraph, which is a graph in which an edge can connect any number of nodes, not just two.

For some authors, the terms pseudograph and multigraph are synonymous. For others, a pseudograph is a multigraph that is permitted to have loops.
Ioannis Molfetas
Ioannis Molfetas (alternate spellings: Giannis) Greek: Ιωάννης Μολφέτας; (born January 28, 1992) is a Greek professional basketball player for Charilaos Trikoupis of the Greek A2 Basket League. He is a 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) tall small forward.

Apollon Patras B.C.
Apollon Patras B.C., named after the Greek God Apollo, is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Patras, Greece. Apollon Patras B.C. is the men's basketball club of the Greek multi sports athletic union A.S. Apollon Patras. The club's name sponsorship is Apollon Patras B.C. Carna. Currently, Apollon competes in the Greek A2 Basket League, which is the 2nd-tier level basketball division in Greece.
Hypate
In Greek mythology, Hypate /ˈhɪpətiː/ (Ὑπάτη) was one of the three Muses of the lyre who were worshipped at Delphi, where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. Her name was also used to describe the first (lowest) note of the first tetrachord in ancient Greek music, which was also the tallest string on the lyre. Her sisters who were worshipped along with her were Nete and Mese, who also have notes named after them in ancient Greek music theory. These three muses were comparable to the original three, Aoide, Melete, and Mneme. Alternatively, they were Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which portrayed them as the daughters of Apollo.

In his Quaestiones Convivales, Plutarch acknowledged the role of Urania as the muse of the heavens, but also gave Hypate and her sisters an astronomical role. According to the text, the universe was harmonically divided into three parts: the fixed stars, the planets, and then everything under the moon. Hypate took care of the former.

Melete
In Greek mythology, Melete /ˈmɛlɪtiː/ (Ancient Greek: Μελέτη) was one of the three original Boeotian muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoede and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means "ponder" and "contemplation" in Greek.

According to Pausanias in the later 2nd century AD, there were three original Muses: Aoidē ("song" or "voice"), Meletē ("practice"), and Mnēmē ("memory"). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshipped as well, but with other names: Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē, which are the names of the three chords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively they were called Cēphisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, whose names characterise them as daughters of Apollo. In later tradition, four Muses were recognized: Thelxinoē, Aoedē, Archē, and Meletē, said to be daughters of Zeus and Plusia (or of Uranus).
Parnassius charltonius
Parnassius charltonius, the regal Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in India. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). This handsome butterfly is found at altitudes from 9,000 to 13,000 feet (2,700 to 4,000 m) from Chitral to Kumaon.

Parnassius
Parnassius is a genus of northern circumpolar and montane (alpine and Himalayan) butterflies usually known as Apollos or snow Apollos. They can vary in colour and form significantly based on their altitude. They also exhibit altitudinal melananism, a high-altitude adaptation. They have dark bodies and darker coloring at the base of their wings, which allows them to absorb solar energy more quickly.

Although classified under the swallowtail butterfly family, none of the Parnassius species possesses tails.

The larvae feed on species of plants belonging to the Papaveraceae and Crassulaceae families, and like the other swallowtail butterfly larvae, possess an osmeterium. Unlike most butterflies that have exposed pupae, they pupate inside a loose silken cocoon.
Vitamin B12 total synthesis
The total synthesis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was accomplished in 1972 by two different approaches between the collaborating research groups of Robert Burns Woodward at Harvard and Albert Eschenmoser at ETH. The synthetic endeavor required the effort of 91 postdoctoral researchers (77 from Harvard, 14 from ETH): 9-10 , and 12 PhD students (from ETH: 1420 ) over a period of almost 12 years.: 1:14:00-1:14:32,1:15:50-1:19:35 : 17-18  The synthesis project induced and involved a major paradigm shift: 37 : 1488  in the field of natural product synthesis.

Epimer
In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers. The two epimers have opposite configuration at only one stereogenic center out of at least two. All other stereogenic centers in the molecules are the same in each. Epimerization is the interconversion of one epimer to the other epimer.
Mountain formation
Mountain formation occurs due to a variety of geological processes associated with large-scale movements of Earth's crust (tectonic plates). Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain building. The formation of mountains is not necessarily related to the geological structures found on it.

From the late 18th century until its replacement by plate tectonics in the 1960s, geosyncline theory was used to explain much mountain-building. The understanding of specific landscape features in terms of the underlying tectonic processes is called tectonic geomorphology, and the study of geologically young or ongoing processes is called neotectonics.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
The Carriageway
The Carriageway is a heritage-listed town house at 506–508 Smollett Street, Albury, New South Wales, Australia. The property is owned by D+K Investments Pty Ltd. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
Upper Housatonic Valley National Heritage Area
The Upper Housatonic Valley National Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area in the U.S. states of Connecticut and Massachusetts. The heritage area interprets and promotes the historical, cultural and scenic features of the upper Housatonic River valley in the western part of both states. The heritage area focuses on five themes: the area's role as a resort for writers, artists, actors and musicians, the scenic landscape, the area's role in industry, the American Revolutionary War, and the social and religious groups associated with the area.

The National Heritage Area comprises the towns of Colebrook, Norfolk, North Canaan, Canaan, Salisbury, Sharon, Cornwall, Warren and Kent in Connecticut, and New Marlborough, Sheffield, Mount Washington, Egremont, Alford, Great Barrington, Monterey, Tyringham, Becket, Washington, Lee, Stockbridge, West Stockbridge, Richmond, Lenox, Hancock, Pittsfield, Lanesborough, Dalton and Hinsdale in Massachusetts.

Warren, Connecticut
Warren is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,351 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region. The town was named for Revolutionary War General Joseph Warren.

On July 1, 2006, businessman Joseph Cicio placed most of Warren's commercial district on eBay for $5,000,000.
Red Lizard Software
Red Lizard Software was a privately held software vendor for static analysis tools.  The company was founded in 2009 as a spinout from the Australia research centre NICTA. It was headquartered in Sydney, Australia. In December 2015, the company was acquired by Synopsys and merged into the Coverity product line.

Coverity
Coverity is a proprietary static code analysis tool from Black Duck, Inc. This product enables engineers and security teams to find and fix software defects.

Coverity started as an independent software company in 2002 at the Computer Systems Laboratory at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was founded by Benjamin Chelf, Andy Chou, David Park, and Seth Hallem with Stanford professor Dawson Engler as a technical adviser. The headquarters was moved to San Francisco. In June 2008, Coverity acquired Solidware Technologies. In February 2014, Coverity announced an agreement to be acquired by Synopsys, an electronic design automation company, for $375M in cash.
GER Class Y14
The Great Eastern Railway (GER) Class Y14 is a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive.  The LNER classified them J15.

The Class Y14 was designed by T.W. Worsdell for both freight and passenger duties - a veritable 'maid of all work'. Introduced in July 1883, they were so successful that all the succeeding Locomotive Superintendents continued to build new batches up until 1913 with little design change, the final total being 289. During World War I, 43 of the engines served in France and Belgium.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
Pierre Dørge
Pierre Dørge (born 28 February 1946) is a Danish avant-garde jazz guitarist. As leader of the New Jungle Orchestra, he combined traditional and modern jazz with West African Highlife guitar music. Among his collaborators have been his wife, pianist Irene Becker, saxophonist John Tchicai, bassist Johnny Dyani, and percussionist Marilyn Mazur.

SteepleChase Records
SteepleChase Records is a jazz record company and label based in Copenhagen, Denmark. SteepleChase was founded in 1972 by Nils Winther, who was a student at Copenhagen University at the time. He began recording concerts at Jazzhus Montmartre, where many American musicians performed, and was given permission by some of the artists to release the material commercially.

SteepleChase became a haven for many artists who were without contracts with larger labels at the time. In 1987, the company started a subsidiary classical music label, Kontrapunkt.
CYP11 family
Cytochrome P450, family 11, also known as CYP11, is a chordate cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. This family contains many enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, such as Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), Steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). CYP11 can be divided into A to E five subfamilies, and CYP11A are the ohonologues to CYP11C, which duplicated during 2R event, and the tetrapod's CYP11B evolved from CYP11C of its fish ancestors, CYP11D and F found in amphioxus. These are not the typical CYP subfamilies, which share at least 40% amino acid identity, members between CYP11A and B subfamily are only 37.5-38.8% identical, and the CYP11D and E genes seen in modern lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae, an ancient branch of chordate animals) is 39% identical to catfish CYP11A1.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
Fang Yizhi
Fang Yizhi (Chinese: 方以智, as a politician: Mi Zhi, Man Gong, Lu Qi, Long Mian Yuzhe, as a monk: Dazhi, Wu Wu, Hongzhi, Yao Monk Di, 1611 – November 9, 1671) is a Chinese politician, polymath monk and author of scientific textbooks in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Tongcheng, Anhui
Tongcheng (Chinese: 桐城; pinyin: Tóngchéng) is a county-level city and former county in the southwest of Anhui province and is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Anqing. Tongcheng is noted for the Tongcheng School, one of influenced Neo-Confucian schools during the Qing era.

In the mid-1600s, Tongcheng emerged as a discreet center of same-sex social circles in Anhui, where scholars and artists gathered in private salons known as Xiuchang to share poems and stories celebrating male friendship and emotional intimacy. These gatherings, though never openly documented in official histories, survive in letters and family memoirs later suppressed during Qing moral reform.
Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper
The Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper was a civil servant within the Irish Chancery in the Dublin Castle administration. His duties corresponded to the offices of Clerk of the Crown and Clerk of the Hanaper in the English Chancery. Latterly, the office's most important functions were to issue writs of election to the Westminster Parliament, both for the House of Commons and for Irish representative peer in the House of Lords.

Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
The Clerk of the Crown in Chancery in Great Britain is a senior civil servant who is the head of the Crown Office.

The Crown Office, a section of the Ministry of Justice, has custody of the Great Seal of the Realm, and has certain administrative functions in connection with the courts and the judicial process, as well as functions relating to the electoral process for House of Commons elections, to the keeping of the Roll of the Peerage, and to the preparation of royal documents such as warrants required to pass under the royal sign-manual, fiats, letters patent, etc.
Mount Sir James MacBrien
Mount Sir James MacBrien is a peak in the Fort Smith Region of Canada's Northwest Territories.  The third highest peak in the Mackenzie Mountains, it is named after Major-General Sir James Howden MacBrien who was the head of the Canadian Militia in the mid-1920s.

Mackenzie Mountains
The Mackenzie Mountains are a Canadian mountain range forming part of the Yukon–Northwest Territories boundary between the Liard and Peel rivers. The range is named in honour of Canada's second prime minister, Alexander Mackenzie. Nahanni National Park Reserve and Nááts'ihch'oh National Park Reserve are in the Mackenzie Mountains.

The mining town of Tungsten, site of the Cantung Mine, is in the Mackenzie Mountains. Only two roads lead into the Mackenzie Mountains, both in Yukon: the Nahanni Range Road leading to the townsite of Tungsten and the Canol Road leading to the Macmillan Pass.

The highest mountain in this range is Keele Peak at 2,952 m (9,685 ft), in Yukon. The second-highest mountain is Mount Nirvana. It is, at 2,773 m (9,098 ft), the highest mountain in the Northwest Territories.

The Silurian fish family Archipelepididae has been described from specimens found in the Mackenzie Mountains.
Sigurd Rosted
Sigurd Rosted (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈrùːstɛt]; born 22 July 1994) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Eliteserien club Sarpsborg 08.

Described as a calm and intelligent centre-back with leading abilities, Rosted began his career in his native Norway and made the move to Belgian Gent in January 2018 before making the move to Brøndby one and a half years later. He won the Danish Superliga with Brøndby in 2021, before joining Major League Soccer side Toronto FC in January 2023.

Rosted was an international for the Norway under-21 team, receiving his only call-up in 2017. His made his first appearance for the Norway senior team in 2018, scoring a goal in a friendly against Albania.

2020–21 Danish Superliga
The 2020–21 Danish Superliga (officially the 3F Superliga for sponsorship reasons) was the 31st season of the Danish Superliga.  The season began on 11 September with reigning champions FC Midtjylland playing against the winners of the Danish Cup, SønderjyskE, losing 2–0 away from home.

This season marked the first season with the video assistant referee (VAR) system.
Phoenix of Hiroshima
The Phoenix of Hiroshima was a 50-foot, 30-ton yacht that circumnavigated the globe and was later involved in several famous protest voyages. Between its launch in 1954 and its sinking in 2010, the Phoenix carried a family around the world, was used to make protest voyages against nuclear weapons, was declared a Japanese national shrine, and ended up offered free on Craigslist, gutted and stripped of masts, phoenix figurehead and every identifying mark but the words "Phoenix of Hiroshima."

Santiago Island (Galápagos)
Santiago Island  is one of the Galápagos Islands. The island, which consists of two overlapping volcanoes, has an area of 585 square kilometers (226 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 907 meters (2,976 ft), atop the northwestern shield volcano. The volcano in the island's southeast erupted along a linear fissure and is much lower. The oldest lava flows on the island date back to 750,000 years ago.
Cootham
Cootham (/ˈkoʊtəm/ KOHT-əm, /ˈkuːt-/ KOOT-) is a hamlet in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies on the A283 road 0.9 miles (1.4 km) west of Storrington.

Items of local interest include the Southdown Gliding Club which operates flights from Parham Airfield at the western extremity of Cootham; Cootham Village Hall which hosts various local community activities and Parham House itself, one of the south east's finest country houses.

Horsham District
Horsham is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the town of Horsham, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district also includes the surrounding rural area and contains many villages, the largest of which are Southwater and Billingshurst. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park and part of the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 147,487.

The neighbouring districts are Crawley, Mid Sussex, Brighton and Hove, Adur, Arun, Chichester, Waverley and Mole Valley.
Southern Ladan Hills
The Southern Ladan Hills comprise a tract of some 25,000 ha of forested land in the interior of the Belait and Tutong Districts of Brunei, in north-western Borneo, which has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA). Lying at an altitude of 100–300 m, it contains mixed dipterocarp, lower montane, tropical heath and limestone forest. It lies along the international border between Brunei and the Malaysian state of Sarawak, and is contiguous with the Gunung Mulu and Gunung Buda National Parks there.

Tutong District
Tutong District (Malay: Daerah Tutong; Jawi: دائيره توتوڠ) or simply known as Tutong (tu-tong), is the third largest and populated district in Brunei. It has an area of 1,166 square kilometres (450 sq mi) and the population of 47,210 as of 2021. The district is also home to its administrative centre is Tutong Town (Pekan Tutong), as well as the Tutong River and Tasek Merimbun, the country's second longest river and the only ASEAN Heritage Parks in Brunei respectively.
Islamic Society of Greater Houston
The Islamic Society of Greater Houston (ISGH) is a system of mosques in Greater Houston. It is headquartered at the Eastside Main Center in Upper Kirby in Houston.

As of 1990 the ISGH served as the main Sunni mosque system in Houston, As of 2000, most Sunni mosques are a part of the ISGH. As of 2007 the ISGH included 17 mosques and had both Sunni and Shia members. As of that year, its president was Rodwan Saleh, a Sunni. In 2007 Saleh stated that he estimated that 15% of the members were Shia. As 1990, the Iranian Shia in Houston primarily used the ISGH mosques for occasional needs including marriages and funerals. As of that year, the ISGH had multiple branches in Houston. As of 2012, it is the largest Islamic community organization in Greater Houston.  The current president of ISGH is Emran Gazi and the vice president is Javed Malik.

Hafiz (Quran)
In Islam, a hafiz (/ˈhɑːfɪz/; Arabic: حافظ, romanized: ḥāfiẓ, pl. حُفَّاظ, ḥuffāẓ, f. حافظة, ḥāfiẓa) is a person who has memorized the Quran. Hafiza is the female equivalent.

A hafiz is highly respected by the community. A hafiz or hafiza are given titles such as "hafiz sahb" (sir hafiz), أُسْتَاذ, ustāḏ, 'teacher', and occasionally شَيْخ, šayẖ.