hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giuseppe Veltri
Giuseppe Veltri (born 1958) is professor of Jewish studies and philosophy. Born and graduated in Italy, he obtained his PhD (1991) and habilitation (1996) from the Free University of Berlin. From 1997 to 2014, he was professor of Jewish Studies at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Since 2014, he is professor of Jewish philosophy and religion at the University of Hamburg and director of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies as well as director of the Academy of World Religions in Hamburg since 2017.

Wissenschaft des Judentums
"Wissenschaft des Judentums" (literally in German the expression means "Science of Judaism"; more recently in the United States it started to be rendered as "Jewish Studies" or "Judaic Studies", a wide academic field of inquiry in American universities) refers to a nineteenth-century movement premised on the critical investigation of Jewish literature and culture, including rabbinic literature, to analyze the origins of Jewish traditions.
Antonio Palocci
Antonio Palocci Filho (born 4 October 1960) is a Brazilian physician and politician, and formerly Chief of Staff of Brazil under President Dilma Rousseff. He was the finance minister of the Brazilian federal government from 1 January 2003 to 27 March 2006, when he resigned in the wake of reports of conduct unbecoming of his office during the presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. He resigned as chief of staff on 7 June 2011.

Chief of Staff of the Presidency
The Minister of State Head of the Civilian House of the Presidency of the Republic (Portuguese: Ministro de Estado Chefe da Casa Civil da Presidência da República) is the chief of staff of the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, and a member of the president's cabinet. The post was established on 1 December 1938.

In Brazil, the chief of staff is a member of the president's cabinet, with the rank of minister. As of 2009, the office of the chief of staff had an annual budget of US$3.1 billion.

The Chief of Staff is responsible for assisting the President and overseeing all cabinet requests and bureaucratic procedures involving the Presidency. Other responsibilities include negotiations with Congress and state governors. For that reason, the presidential Chief of Staff is generally regarded as the "second most powerful person in Brazil".
Leigh, Staffordshire
Leigh is a civil parish in the borough of East Staffordshire in Staffordshire, England. The parish includes the village of Church Leigh, together with the settlements of Withington, Upper Leigh, Lower Leigh, Morrilow Heath, Middleton Green, Dodsley, Godstone, Nobut and Field.

Church Leigh is 6 miles (9.7 km) west of the town of Uttoxeter and 14 miles (23 km) north east of Stafford. The population of Leigh is around 1,031.

Hervey Bagot
Sir Hervey Bagot, 1st Baronet (8 February 1591 – 27 December 1660) was an English MP.

He was born in Checkley, Staffordshire, the son of Walter Bagot and Elizabeth Cave.  He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford University on 18 November 1608. Until his first marriage he lived in Checkley and then moved to Field Hall, near the family's ancestral Blithfield home.

He was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1626 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Staffordshire in 1628–29 and 1641–42. He was created 1st Baronet Bagot of Blithfield Hall in the Baronetage of England on 31 May 1627.
2022 Georgia state elections
Several elections took place in the U.S. state of Georgia in 2022. The general election was held on November 8, 2022. A runoff election for one of Georgia's seats in the United States Senate was held on December 6, 2022. The runoff was scheduled because none of the candidates for Senate received 50% of the statewide vote in the general election. In addition to the Senate seat, all of Georgia's seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. Also up for election were all of Georgia's executive officers and legislative seats, as well as one seat on the Georgia Public Service Commission. The Republican Party decisively won every single statewide office in Georgia except for the Federal Senate race which narrowly went Democratic in 2022.The primary election were held on May 24 and primary runoff on June 21

This was the first election following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle.

Governor of Georgia
The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard, when not in federal service, and State Defense Force. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legislature, and the power to convene the legislature into special session. The current governor is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.
1989 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 1989 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 22 July 1989. It was the 39th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was Hamdan Al Maktoum's Nashwan, a three-year-old chestnut colt trained at West Ilsley in Berkshire by Dick Hern and ridden by Willie Carson. Nashwan's victory gave his owner Hamdan Al Maktoum his first win in the race whilst Carson and Hern had won the race with Troy, Ela-Mana-Mou and Petoski. In addition, Hern had trained the 1972 winner Brigadier Gerard.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
Oh My Goth
Oh My Goth is an American young adult fantasy coming-of-age novel originally published by MTV Books (a division of Simon & Schuster partnered with MTV) in 2006, written by Gena Showalter. The book features the story of Jade Leigh, a goth high school student often mocked by her peers, who wakes up one morning to discover that her social status has been revamped in an alternate dimension, with goth being the popular fashion style, and the jocks and cheerleaders being unpopular. Showalter inexplicably rewrote the book and had it republished in 2018 by Harlequin Teen, then set this new version to supersede the original version, which by then had been pulled from print production. Showalter had made large-scale changes to the original text, including the main catalyst that causes Jade's world to be altered in the story.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Strathcona-Tweedsmuir School
Strathcona-Tweedsmuir School is a private prep school in Okotoks, Alberta, Canada, from Kindergarten to Grade 12. Strathcona-Tweedsmuir is Southern Alberta's first full IB World School, and Alberta's only independent school authorized to deliver IB Programmes in Grades K through 12. The school participates in Canadian Educational Standards Institute program and is a member of Round Square and the Canadian Accredited Independent Schools (CAIS).

Okotoks
Okotoks (/ˈoʊkətoʊks/ OH-kə-tohks, originally /ˈɒkətɒks/ OK-ə-toks) is a town in the Calgary Region of Alberta, Canada. It is on the Sheep River, approximately 38 km (24 mi) south of Downtown Calgary. Okotoks has emerged as a bedroom community of Calgary. According to the 2021 Federal Census, the town has a population of 30,214, making it one of the largest towns in Alberta.
The Message (Bible)
The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language (MSG) is a paraphrase of the Bible in contemporary English. It was authored by Eugene H. Peterson, and was published in segments from 1993 to 2002. The initial press run for the 2002 publication was 500,000, with 320,000 of those copies sold in advance.

A Catholic version, The Message – Catholic / Ecumenical Edition, was published in 2013.

The Living Bible
The Living Bible (TLB or LB) is a personal paraphrase, not a translation, of the Bible  in English by Kenneth N. Taylor and first published in 1971. Taylor used the American Standard Version of 1901 as his base text.

"The Way", an illustrated edition, was published shortly thereafter, in 1972. It additionally included short devotional passages.
Monterey Trail High School
Monterey Trail High School (MTHS or MT) is a 9th-12th grade college preparatory high school located in Elk Grove, California. The school was established in 2004 as part of the Elk Grove Unified School District.

Elk Grove, California
Elk Grove is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. Located just south of the state capital of Sacramento, it is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area. As of the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 176,124. A 2024 Census estimate puts the population of the city at 182,797. Elk Grove has many wineries, wine cellars, and vineyards. Elk Grove was the fastest-growing city in the U.S. between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2005, and is also presently the second-largest city in Sacramento County by population.

It is a general law city with a council/manager form of government. One of Elk Grove's largest employers is the Elk Grove Unified School District, which is the city's second-largest employer.
Gas collecting tube
The characterization  gas collecting tube describes  an oblong gas-tight container with one valve at either end. Usually such a container has a gauged volume, has a cylindrical shape and is made of glass. Gas collecting tubes are used for science-related purposes; for taking samples of gases.

Gauge (instrument)
In science and engineering, a dimensional gauge or simply gauge is a device used to make measurements or to display certain dimensional information. A wide variety of tools exist which serve such functions, ranging from simple pieces of material against which sizes can be measured to complex pieces of machinery. 
Dimensional properties include thickness, gap in space, diameter of materials.
Holy Protection of Mary Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix
The Holy Protection of Mary Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix, commonly known as the Eparchy of Phoenix and formerly known as the Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Van Nuys, (Latin: Eparchia Vannaisensis) is a Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church territory jurisdiction or eparchy of the Catholic Church in the western United States.  Its episcopal see is Phoenix, Arizona. The eparch as of 28 January 2025 is Artur Bubnevych.

The Eparchy of Phoenix's territorial jurisdiction consists of thirteen western states. Churches are presently located in the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington. It is a suffragan eparchy in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archeparchy of Pittsburgh. As of 2019, Holy Protection Eparchy of Phoenix has 19 parishes and 2 missions under its canonical jurisdiction. Most parishes follow the Ruthenian recension, although the eparchy includes one parish of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church.

George Kuzma
George Martin Kuzma (July 24, 1925 – December 7, 2008) was an American bishop of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church.

At the age of 29, Kuzma was ordained as a priest. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Passaic in New Jersey on November 11, 1986. He was later appointed Bishop of Van Nuys in California on October 23, 1990. He retired from the post on December 5, 2000. He was succeeded by Bishop William Skurla.

Kuzma died on December 7, 2008, and is buried in Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
Themisto
In Greek mythology, Themisto (/θəˈmɪstoʊ/; Ancient Greek: Θεμιστώ) was a Thessalian princess as the daughter of King Hypseus of Lapiths and the naiad Chlidanope. Her name is derived from the Ancient Greek word: "θεμιστος" which means "belonging to the law", or "belonging to the customs".

Lapiths
The Lapiths (/ˈlæpɪθs/; Ancient Greek: Λαπίθαι, Lapithai, sing. Λαπίθης) were a group of legendary people in Greek mythology, who lived in Thessaly in the valley of the Pineios and on the mountain Pelion. They were believed to have descended from the mythical Lapithes, brother of Centaurus, with the two heroes giving their names to the races of the Lapiths and the centaurs respectively. The Lapiths are best known for their involvement in the Centauromachy (Ancient Greek: Κενταυρομαχία, romanized: Kentauromachía), a mythical fight that broke out between them and the centaurs during Pirithous and Hippodamia's wedding.
Dichloroethene
Dichloroethene or dichloroethylene, often abbreviated as DCE, can refer to any one of several isomeric forms of the organochloride with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2:

There are three isomers:

1,1-Dichloroethylene

1,2-Dichloroethylene (E and Z)

1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1-Dichloroethylene, commonly called vinylidene chloride or 1,1-DCE, is an organochloride with the molecular formula CCl2CH2.  It is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Like most chlorocarbons, it is poorly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. 1,1-DCE was the precursor to the original clingwrap, Saran, for food, but this application has been phased out.
Felicissimus and Agapitus
Felicissimus and Agapitus were two of the six deacons of Pope Sixtus II who were martyred with him on or about 6 August 258, Felicissimus and Agapitus on the same day as the Pope. The seventh deacon, Lawrence of Rome, was martyred on 10 August of the same year.

Felicissimus and Agapitus are venerated particularly at the Catacombs of Praetextatus on the Via Appia, where they were buried.

The Tridentine calendar commemorated Sixtus, Felicissimus, and Agapitus on the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, 6 August. They remained in that position in the General Roman Calendar until 1969, when, with the abolition of commemorations, the memorial of Pope Sixtus "and his companions" was moved to 7 August, the day immediately after that of their death.

Saint Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence (Latin: Laurentius, lit. 'laurelled'; 31 December 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Valerian in 258.
2016 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships
The 2016 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kyoto, Japan between 22 and 28 February.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Macarthur Adventist College
Macarthur Adventist College is an independent Seventh-day Adventist co-educational early learning, primary and secondary day school, located in the south-western Sydney suburb of Macquarie Fields, New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Macquarie Fields, New South Wales
Macquarie Fields is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Macquarie Fields is located 38 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.

Macquarie Fields is surrounded by bushland. Nearby Macquarie Links, is a high-security housing estate beside an international standard golf course. The suburb has multiple high schools including Macquarie Fields High School and James Meehan High School.
KEYC-TV
KEYC-TV (channel 12) is a television station licensed to Mankato, Minnesota, United States, affiliated with CBS and Fox. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power, dual NBC/CW+ affiliate KMNF-CD (channel 7). The two stations share studios on Lookout Drive in North Mankato; KEYC-TV's transmitter is located near Lewisville, Minnesota.

The Mankato market is within reach of some television stations based in the Twin Cities. CBS owned-and-operated station WCCO-TV has an over-the-air signal that reaches Mankato proper, and the station is offered locally on Charter Spectrum channel 4. Due to the cable presence of WCCO, KEYC can invoke the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s network non-duplication rule resulting in Spectrum blacking out programming from the former during network shows. WCCO's newscasts and some of its syndicated programs can be seen, however.

WCCO-TV
WCCO-TV (channel 4), branded CBS Minnesota, is a television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, serving the Twin Cities area. It is owned and operated by the CBS television network through its CBS News and Stations division, and maintains studios on South 11th Street along Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis; its transmitter is located at the Telefarm complex in Shoreview, Minnesota.

WCCO-TV's programming is also seen on full-power satellite station KCCW-TV (channel 12) in Walker (with transmitter near Hackensack). Nielsen Media Research treats WCCO-TV and KCCW-TV as one station in local ratings books, using the identifier name WCCO+. From 1987 until 2017, WCCO-TV operated a second satellite, KCCO-TV (virtual and VHF digital channel 7) in Alexandria (with transmitter near Westport).

WCCO is one of three owned-and-operated network affiliates in the Twin Cities market, the others being Fox O&O KMSP-TV (channel 9) and MyNetworkTV O&O WFTC (channel 9.2).
J. B. Milam
Jesse Bartley Milam (1884–1949) was best known as the first Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation appointed by a U.S. president since tribal government had been dissolved before Oklahoma Statehood in 1907. He was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941, who reappointed him in 1942 and 1943; he was  reappointed by President Harry S. Truman in 1948. He died while in office in 1949.

Cherokee Heritage Center
The Cherokee Heritage Center (Cherokee: Ꮳꮃꭹ Ꮷꮎꮣꮄꮕꮣ Ꭰᏸꮅ) is a non-profit historical society and museum campus that seeks to preserve the historical and cultural artifacts, language, and  traditional crafts of the Cherokee. The Heritage center also hosts the central genealogy database and genealogy research center for the Cherokee People.  The Heritage Center is located on the site of the mid-19th century Cherokee Seminary building  in Park Hill, Oklahoma, a suburb of Tahlequah, and was constructed near the old structure. It is a unit of the Cherokee National Historical Society and is sponsored by the Cherokee Nation, the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, and other area tribes. The center was originally known as Tsa-La-Gi but is now known as the Cherokee Heritage Center.
Eriocraniella platyptera
Eriocraniella platyptera is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae. It was described by Donald R. Davis in 1978. It is found in the Northeastern and Southern United States, from north-western New York to Texas.

Eriocraniidae
Eriocraniidae is a family of moths restricted to the Holarctic region, with six extant genera. These small, metallic moths are usually day-flying, emerging fairly early in the northern temperate spring. They have a proboscis with which they drink water or sap. The larvae are leaf miners on Fagales, principally the trees birch (Betula) and oak (Quercus), but a few on Salicales and Rosales.
Translation unit
In the field of translation, a translation unit is a segment of a text which the translator treats as a single cognitive unit for the purposes of establishing an equivalence. It may be a single word, a phrase, one or more sentences, or even a larger unit.

When a translator segments a text into translation units, the larger these units are, the better chance there is of obtaining an idiomatic translation. This is true not only of human translation, but also where human translators use computer-assisted translation, such as translation memories, and when translations are performed by machine translation systems.

Computer-assisted translation
Computer-aided translation (CAT), also referred to as computer-assisted translation or computer-aided human translation (CAHT), is the use of software, also known as a translator, to assist a human translator in the translation process. The translation is created by a human, and certain aspects of the process are facilitated by software; this is in contrast with machine translation (MT), in which the translation is created by a computer, optionally with some human intervention (e.g. pre-editing and post-editing).

CAT tools are typically understood to mean programs that specifically facilitate the actual translation process.  Most CAT tools have (a) the ability to translate a variety of source file formats in a single editing environment without needing to use the file format's associated software for most or all of the translation process, (b) translation memory, and (c) integration of various utilities or processes that increase productivity and consistency in translation.
Crummackdale
Crummackdale, (sometimes Crummack Dale), is a small valley north of the village of Austwick in the former Craven District of North Yorkshire, England. The Valley is drained by Austwick Beck, which flows into the River Wenning, which in turn heads westwards to empty into the Irish Sea. Crummackdale is a narrow south west facing dale, at the south west corner of the Yorkshire Dales National Park.

Austwick
Austwick is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Settle. The village is on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park.

Before local government reorganisation in 1974, Austwick parish was within Settle Rural District which was in the county of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

According to the Austwick & Lawkland Tithe Map of 21 October 1851 the parish has an area of 8,201 acres (33.19 km2) of which around a quarter is uncut moorland. The highest point within the parish is at Lord's Seat on Simon Fell at 2,079 feet (634 m).