hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fomitiporia
Fomitiporia is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. According to a 2008 estimate, the widely distributed genus contains 11 species, though three new species were identified in 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa using multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis, and two more were named in a 2013 article. In 2011 it was announced that a specimen of the species F. ellipsoidea was discovered with a fruit body that is largest known of any fungus. However, the species has since been moved to Phellinus.

Hymenochaetaceae
The Hymenochaetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. The family contains several species that are implicated in many diseases of broad-leaved and coniferous trees, causing heart rot, canker and root diseases, and also esca disease of grapevines.
Paddy Batt Shanahan
Patrick Shanahan (19 April 1923 – 2 February 2011) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. At club level, he played with Currow, Castleisland Desmonds and divisional side Killarney, and at inter-county level with the Kerry senior football team.

East Kerry Senior Football Championship
The East Kerry Senior Football Championship  an annual Gaelic football competition organised by the East Kerry Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association since 1925 for the top Gaelic football teams in the North Kerry in Ireland.

The championship currently uses a single-elimination tournament whereby each team is guaranteed one game.

The title has been won at least once by 11 different teams. The all-time record-holders are Dr Crokes who have won a total of 35 titles. Dr Crokes are the title-holders (2025).

Most adult clubs in the division compete for this cup, even if they are playing at junior or intermediate grades. In recent years, the competition has been dominated by Dr Crokes, who won their thirtieth championship in December 2018. The winners receive the Dr O'Donoghue Cup. The main sponsor for many years is the Gleneagle Hotel in Killarney.
Dade County Courthouse (Georgia)
The Dade County Courthouse in Trenton, Georgia was built in 1926.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It is a two-story brick and concrete building.  It was built by Barrett Construction Co. in what has been termed "Carpenter Style", also employed in the 1857 Dawson County Courthouse and the White County Courthouse.

Old White County Courthouse
The Old White County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse building in Cleveland, Georgia, and home to the White County Historical Society. It was built in 1859. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1970. It is on GA 115, and flanked by the northbound and southbound lanes of US 129 between SR 115 as well as East Jarrard Street to the north. The building was used for White County government business until 1962 when a modernist courthouse was built south of the square on South Main Street.
Etschberg
Etschberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.

County Palatine of Veldenz
The County Palatine of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate with full voting rights to the Reichstag. The county was located partially between Kaiserslautern, Sponheim and Zweibrücken, partially on the Mosel in the Archbishopric of Trier. A municipality of the same name, Veldenz, and a castle, Schloss Veldenz, are located in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich.
WDGC-FM
WDGC-FM is a high school radio station located in Downers Grove, Illinois. The station is shared between Downers Grove North and Downers Grove South high schools, with the transmitter residing at Downers Grove North. When student DJs are not on the air, a computer program that plays songs on shuffle and inserts station identifications and public service announcements is turned on.

Downers Grove, Illinois
Downers Grove is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1832 by Pierce Downer, whose surname serves as the eponym for the village. Per the 2020 census, the population of the village was 50,248. It is a south-western suburb of Chicago located between I-88 and I-55.
Deaths in November 2024
The following is a list of notable deaths in November 2024.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Alabama Senate
32°22′36″N 86°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿32.37667°N 86.29889°W﻿ / 32.37667; -86.29889

The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama. The body is composed of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, with each district containing at least 127,140 citizens. Similar to the lower house, the Alabama House of Representatives, the senate serves both without term limits and with a four-year term.

The Alabama State Senate meets at the State House in Montgomery.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the United States Senate, the senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
The Atlanta Inquirer
The Atlanta Inquirer was founded on July 31, 1960 by Jesse Hill, Herman J. Russell, and various students of the Atlanta Student Movement including Julian Bond, Charlayne Hunter-Gault, Lonnie King, and many other students in the Atlanta University Center. It was the second black newspaper published in Atlanta. M. Carl Holman, a professor at Clark College, became the editor of the newspaper after the first issue, which had been edited by Bill Strong. The paper was a radical response to the conservative Atlanta Daily World which was the first black newspaper in Atlanta.The Inquirer reported on black leadership in the civil rights movement in Atlanta. After being bought by the family of a longtime employee of the paper, John B. Smith Sr., he became the publisher, editor, and chief executive officer of the newspaper until his death in 2017. The Atlanta Inquirer is also a member of the National Newspaper Association where John B. Smith Sr. was the chairman.

Atlanta Student Movement
The Atlanta Student Movement was formed in February 1960 in Atlanta, Georgia, by students from the campuses of the Atlanta University Center (AUC). It was led by the Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR), and was part of the Civil Rights Movement.
Amur virus
Amur virus (AMRV) is a zoonotic negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It may be a member of the genus Orthohantavirus, but it has not be definitively classified as a species and may only be a strain.  It has been identified as a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Korean field mouse
The Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae), also known as the Korean wood mouse, is a species of mouse. It is distributed across Northeastern Asia, including the Russian Far East, northern China, the Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin, and Hokkaidō. It is not found on the Korean island of Jeju. The adult has a body length of 76–125 mm, with a tail of nearly equal length (75–112 mm).
Colony Shale Oil Project
Colony Shale Oil Project was an oil shale development project at the Piceance Basin near Parachute Creek, Colorado. The project consisted of an oil shale mine and pilot-scale shale oil plant, which used the TOSCO II retorting technology, developed by Tosco Corporation. Over time the project was developed by a consortium of different companies until it was terminated by Exxon on 2 May 1982 a day which is known amongst locals as "Black Sunday".

Piceance Basin
The Piceance Basin is a geologic structural basin in northwestern Colorado, in the United States.  It includes geologic formations from Cambrian to Holocene in age, but the thickest section is made up of rocks from the Cretaceous Period.  The basin contains reserves of coal, natural gas, and oil shale. The name likely derives from the Shoshoni word /piasonittsi/ meaning “tall grass” (/pia-/ ‘big’ and /soni-/ ‘grass’).
Franz Xaver Niemetschek
Franz Xaver Niemetschek (Czech: František Xaver Němeček; 24 July 1766 – 19 March 1849) was a Czech philosopher, teacher and music critic. He wrote the first full-length biography of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart which has remained an important source of information about the composer.

Malá Strana
Malá Strana (Czech for "Little Side (of the River)", German: Prager Kleinseite) or historically Menší Město pražské (English: Lesser Town of Prague) is a district of the city of Prague, Czech Republic, and one of its most historic neighbourhoods.

In the Middle Ages, it was a dominant center of the ethnic German (and since 16th century also Italian) citizens of Prague. It also housed many noble palaces while the right-bank towns were comparatively more bourgeois and more Bohemian Czech.
Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway
The Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway is a preserved standard gauge heritage railway with its headquarters and main station at Chinnor in South Oxfordshire, England. It runs along the foot of the Chilterns escarpment. Although a little distance away, it has since been given the nickname 'The Icknield Line' for its connection to the Lower Icknield Way.

South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire is a local government district in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England. Its council is temporarily based outside the district at Abingdon-on-Thames pending a planned move to Didcot, the district's largest town. The areas located south of the River Thames are within the historic county of Berkshire.
Vivian E. Browne
Vivian E. Browne (April 26, 1929–July 23, 1993) was an American artist. Born in Laurel, Florida, Browne was mostly known for her painting series called Little Men and her Africa series. She is also known for linking abstraction to nature in her tree paintings and in a series of abstract works made with layers of silk that were influenced by her travels to China. She was an activist, professor, and received multiple awards for her work. According to her mother, Browne died at age 64 from bladder cancer.

Soho20 Chelsea
SOHO20 Artists, Inc., known as SOHO20 Gallery, was founded in 1973 by a group of women artists intent on achieving professional excellence in an industry where there was a gross lack of opportunities for women to succeed. SOHO20 was one of the first galleries in Manhattan to showcase the work of an all-woman membership and most of the members joined the organization as emerging artists. These artists were provided with exhibition opportunities that they could not find elsewhere.
Amazon Echo Show
Amazon Echo Show is a smart speaker with a screen that is part of the Amazon Echo line of products. Similarly to other devices in the family, it is designed around Amazon's virtual assistant Alexa, but additionally features a touchscreen display that can be used to display visual information to accompany its responses, as well as play video and conduct video calls with other Echo Show users. The video call feature was later expanded to include all Skype and Zoom users.

The Echo Show was unveiled on May 9, 2017, and released in the United States on June 28, 2017. It has received positive reviews, with critics noting its improved sound quality over the standard Echo speaker, its simplicity, and how the screen is used to supplement Alexa rather than act as a full-featured tablet. Critics have also noted that many third-party Alexa functions have not been updated to fully utilize the screen.

Home automation
Home automation or domotics is building automation for a home. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems.

The phrase smart home refers to home automation devices that have internet access.  Home automation, a broader category, includes any device that can be monitored or controlled via wireless radio signals, not just those having internet access.  When connected with the Internet, home sensors and activation devices are an important constituent of the Internet of Things ("IoT").

A home automation system typically connects controlled devices to a central smart home hub (sometimes called a "gateway"). The user interface for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a mobile phone application, or a Web interface that may also be accessible off-site through the Internet.
CS Progresul Șomcuta Mare
Clubul Sportiv Progresul Șomcuta Mare, commonly known as Progresul Șomcuta Mare, is a Romanian football team based in Șomcuta Mare, Maramureș County, which currently competes in the Liga IV – Maramureș County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football, following the relegation at end of the 2021–22 season.

1996–97 Divizia D
The 1996–97 Divizia D was the 55th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a promotion play-off match played on a neutral venue. A special table was made and teams with the best 16 results were promoted to the third league.
Detroit Demolition
The Detroit Demolition was a women's American football team based in the Detroit, Michigan area.  During their most recent season, home games were played at Franklin High School in Livonia.  They joined the National Women's Football Association (NWFA) in 2002 as the Detroit Danger, winning a national championship.  Their only loss that year was in the regular season to the Cleveland Fusion by a score of 14–3.

Cleveland Fusion
The Cleveland Fusion is a women's professional American football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. They play in the Women's Football Alliance. The Fusion played in the National Women's Football Association from their inception in 2002 until 2008. Home games are played at Mustang Stadium at Maple Heights High School.
Q'Viva! The Chosen
¡Q'Viva! The Chosen is an American reality television series. It premiered on January 28, 2012 in the United States in its Spanish-language version on Univision with a one-hour premiere and the first season concluded on April 28, 2012. It made its United States English language debut on FOX on March 3, 2012. ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen Live was the live stage show that was held in Las Vegas on May 26, 2012 as a culmination of the series.

¡Q'Viva! The Chosen Live
¡Q'Viva! The Chosen Live was a live stage show that was held May 26, 2012 on the Las Vegas Strip in The Mandalay Bay Events Center. The live show was created by director and choreographer Jamie King, singer-songwriter Marc Anthony and entertainer Jennifer Lopez.
Ole Arntzen
Ole Arntzen (4 February 1910 – 7 August 1973) was a Norwegian businessman and resistance member during World War II. He was a brother of Sven Arntzen. He was a member of the Central Committee of Milorg, where he served as General Inspector ("Stor I") from April 1944 to May 1945. His cover name was "Ørnulf". In his World War II memoirs, Gunnar Sønsteby devotes one chapter to the arrest of Milorg leaders Jens Christian Hauge and Arntzen by the State police on 10 April 1945, but their central role was not discovered.

Gunnar Sønsteby
Gunnar Fridtjof Thurmann Sønsteby DSO (11 January 1918 – 10 May 2012) was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement during the German occupation of Norway in World War II. Known by the nickname "Kjakan" ("The Chin") and as "Agent No. 24", he was the most highly decorated citizen in Norway, including being the only person to have been awarded the War Cross with three swords, Norway's highest military decoration.
Fareez Farhan
Muhammad Fareez bin Mohd Farhan (born 29 July 1994) is a Singaporean professional footballer who plays either as a winger or attacking-midfielder for Singapore Premier League club Hougang United and the Singapore national team.

Young Lions FC
Young Lions Football Club, commonly known as Young Lions, is a developmental football club based in Kallang, Singapore, which competes in the Singapore Premier League. The team is under the control of the Football Association of Singapore.

Young Lions are one of the few football clubs in the world made up of young Singaporean footballers serving their compulsory two-year national service, which places an age restriction on team members while playing in a top-flight professional league. Players are on loan from several local Singapore Premier League clubs, and would spend two years with the side before returning.

Young Lions play their home matches at the Jalan Besar Stadium. Their best league finish was third, which they achieved in 2004 and 2006.
The Man Who Kept His Heart in a Bucket
The Man Who Kept His Heart in a Bucket is a 1991 children's picture book by Sonia Levitin and illustrator Jerry Pinkney. Released in 1991 by Dial Press, it is about a young man, Jack, who due to bitter experience keeps his heart in a bucket but then loses it.

The Dial Press
The Dial Press is a publishing house founded in 1923 by Lincoln MacVeagh.

The Dial Press shared a building with The Dial and Scofield Thayer worked with both. The first imprint was issued in 1924.

Authors included Elizabeth Bowen, W. R. Burnett and Glenway Wescott, Frank Yerby, James Baldwin, Roy Campbell, Susan Berman, Herbert Gold, Thomas Berger, Vance Bourjaily, Judith Rossner, and Norman Mailer.
Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)
Human intelligence (HUMINT, pronounced /ˈhjuːmɪnt/ HEW-mint) is intelligence-gathering by means of human sources and interpersonal communication. It is distinct from more technical intelligence-gathering disciplines, such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT) and measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT). HUMINT can be conducted in a variety of ways, including via espionage, reconnaissance, interrogation, and witness interviews. Although associated with military and intelligence agencies, HUMINT can also apply in various civilian sectors such as law enforcement.

Imagery intelligence
Imagery intelligence (IMINT), pronounced as either as Im-Int or I-Mint, is an intelligence gathering discipline wherein imagery is analyzed (or "exploited") to identify information of intelligence value. Imagery used for defense intelligence purposes is generally collected via satellite imagery or aerial photography.

As an intelligence gathering discipline, IMINT production depends heavily upon a robust intelligence collection management system. IMINT is complemented by non-imaging MASINT electro-optical and radar sensors.
The Psychology of Self-Esteem
The Psychology of Self-Esteem is a book by Nathaniel Branden, first published in 1969. It explains Branden's theories of human psychology, focusing on the role of self-esteem. Most of the book was written during Branden's association with Ayn Rand, and it reflects some of her philosophical ideas. The book's success helped to popularize the idea of self-esteem as an important element of self-improvement.

Alfie Kohn
Alfie Kohn (born October 15, 1957) is an American author and lecturer in the areas of education, parenting, and human behavior. He is a proponent of progressive education and has offered critiques of many traditional aspects of parenting, managing, and American society more generally, drawing in each case from social science research.

Kohn's challenges to widely accepted theories and practices have made him a controversial figure, particularly with behaviorists, conservatives, and those who defend the practices he calls into question, such as the use of competition, incentive programs, conventional discipline, standardized testing, grades, homework, and traditional schooling.
Lago della Busalletta
Lago della Busalletta is an artificial lake in northwest Italy which straddles the provinces of Genoa (in Liguria) and Alessandria (in Piedmont), near the towns of Fraconalto and Busalla. At an elevation of 441, its surface area is 0.3 km².

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
Andrew Carlson (tennis)
Andrew Carlson (born August 18, 1977) is an American former professional tennis player.

A left-handed player from Maryland, Carlson competed in collegiate tennis for Ohio State University.

Carlson made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the 2003 Legg Mason Tennis Classic, where he lost in the first round to Mike Bryan. He was a quarter-finalist in the doubles draw, partnering Chris Groer.

In 2021 he was appointed as the head coach of men's and women's tennis at Kenyon College.

Chris Groer
Chris Groer (born September 10, 1974) is an American former professional tennis player.

A native of Knoxville, Tennessee, Groer was a two-time state singles champion in high school tennis (Farragut HS) and went to Vanderbilt University on an academic scholarship. In 1996, his senior year, he became the first Vanderbilt player to earn All-American honors.

Groer played on the professional tour for three years and had a best singles ranking of 393. His best win came against world number 103 Leander Paes at the Winnetka Challenger in 1998 and he featured in the qualifying draw for the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. He made an ATP Tour main draw appearances as a doubles player in 2003, reaching the quarter-finals of the Legg Mason Classic.

Following his tennis career, Groer undertook postgraduate studies at the University of Georgia and University of Maryland. He has a PhD in applied mathematics.

In 2010 he was inducted into the Vanderbilt Sports Hall of Fame.
Gokuraku Tombo
Gokuraku Tombo (極楽とんぼ, Gokuraku Tonbo), meaning Heavenly Dragonfly, was a manzai comedy duo consisting of Keiichi Yamamoto (山本 圭壱, Yamamoto Keiichi) and Koji Kato (加藤 浩次, Katō Kōji). Members of the Yoshimoto Kogyo entertainment conglomerate, they performed on the Fuji TV variety show Mecha-Mecha Iketeru! Their main act was based on arguing and fighting in public.

Manzai
Manzai (漫才) is a traditional style of comedy in Japanese culture comparable to double act comedy.

Manzai usually involves two performers (manzaishi)—a straight man (tsukkomi) and a funny man (boke)—trading jokes at great speed. Most of the jokes revolve around mutual misunderstandings, double-talk, puns and other verbal gags.

In 1933, Yoshimoto Kogyo, a large entertainment conglomerate based in Osaka, introduced Osaka-style manzai to Tokyo audiences and coined the term "漫才" (one of several ways of writing the word manzai in Japanese; see § Etymology below). In recent times, manzai has often been associated with the Osaka region, and manzai comedians often speak in the Kansai dialect during their acts.