hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Rangers F.C.
Rangers Football Club, formed in 1872, is the fourth-oldest association football club in Scotland, and the first club in the world to win more than fifty national league titles (55 as of the end of the 2020–21 season). It is the third-most successful club in world football in terms of trophies won, behind Egyptian club Al Ahly, and Celtic.

This article covers the club's beginnings, while also documenting its European Cup Winners Cup success, the 1902 and 1971 Ibrox disasters, the nine-in-a-row league championship win, its financial insolvency of the early 2010s (which led to Rangers being refused SPL membership and their application and acceptance to the bottom tier of the Scottish Professional Football League), and its first top-flight championship since 2011 (denying city rivals Celtic a tenth title in a row, which would have been a record in Scotland's top tier).

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Зенит», romanized: Futbolny klub "Zenit", pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklub zʲɪˈnʲit]), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. They won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 and the 2023–24 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team plays its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.
Letras Latinas
Letras Latinas is the literary initiative at the University of Notre Dame's Institute for Latino Studies (ILS), with an office on campus in South Bend, Indiana, as well as Washington, D.C. It was founded in 2004 and strives to enhance the visibility, appreciation and study of Latino literature both on and off the campus of the University of Notre Dame, with an emphasis on programs that support newer voices, foster a sense of community among writers, and place Latino writers in community spaces.

Letras Latinas is a founding member of the Poetry Coalition, an alliance of organizations working together to promote the values poets bring to culture and the important contribution poetry makes in the lives of people of all ages backgrounds.

The founding director of Letras Latinas is Francisco Aragón.

Red Hen Press
Red Hen Press is an American non-profit press located in Pasadena, California, and specializing in the publication of poetry, literary fiction, and nonfiction. The press is a member of the Community of Literary Magazines and Presses, and was a finalist for the 2013 AWP Small Press Publisher Award. The press has been featured in Publishers Weekly, Kirkus Reviews, and Independent Publisher.

Red Hen Press titles have been reviewed in Library Journal, Publishers Weekly,  Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and other publications. Authors have been interviewed or featured on NPR, PBS Newshour, in The Boston Globe, Southern Review of Books, and other venues. Authors representative of the poets and writers the press publishes include Chris Abani, Jan Beatty, Camille Dungy, Gaylord Brewer, Aimee Liu, Ron Carlson,
Nickole Brown Steve Almond
Victor Watson
Victor Hugo Watson CBE (26 September 1928 – 25 February 2015) was a British businessman and philanthropist. He served as the Chairman of Waddingtons from 1977 to 1993. Waddingtons employed over 3,000 people, mainly in Leeds, and were involved in printing, packaging, games and playing cards. He was sometimes known as "Mr Monopoly".

Harewood, West Yorkshire
Harewood (/ˈhɛərwʊd/ HAIR-wuud) is a village, civil parish, former manor and ecclesiastical parish, in West Yorkshire, England, today in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds. The civil parish population at the 2011 census was 3,734.
Embassy of Canada, Tokyo
The Embassy of Canada to Japan is the main diplomatic mission from Canada to Japan, located in Tokyo. This embassy is Canada's third oldest "foreign" legation after Paris and Washington, D.C. (the High Commissions to other Commonwealth states are not considered "foreign" by the Canadian government).

Embassy of Canada, Paris
The Embassy of Canada in France (French: Ambassade du Canada en France) is the main diplomatic mission of Canada to the French Republic. As of May 2, 2018, the embassy and the Canadian Cultural Centre relocated to 130 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, which underwent renovation for that purpose. Previously, the embassy was located at 35 avenue Montaigne, and 
the Canadian Cultural Centre was located at 5 rue de Constantine in Paris.

The Canadian ambassador's official residence is located at 135 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Paris is also home to Canada's permanent delegations to UNESCO and the OECD, which are housed separately. In addition, the Government of Quebec has a delegation in Paris, which is located at 66 rue Pergolèse in the 16th arrondissement.
Princess Tower
The Princess Tower (Arabic: برج الأميرة) is a 101-story, 413.4 m (1,356 ft) tall residential-only skyscraper located in the Marina district of Dubai, UAE. As of September 2022, Princess Tower is the third tallest building in Dubai, after the Burj Khalifa and Marina 101 and the 36th tallest building in the world. Princess Tower was the tallest residential building in the world from 2012 to 2015, when it was overtaken by 432 Park Avenue in New York City.

Marina 101
Marina 101 is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, located in the Dubai Marina district. Standing 101 stories high and 425 m (1,394 ft) tall, it is the second tallest building in the United Arab Emirates, behind only the Burj Khalifa. As of 2022, Marina 101 was also the 32nd-tallest building in the world. Its use is residential with apartments and hotel floors.
Hiawatha Township, Michigan
Hiawatha Township is a civil township of Schoolcraft County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,305 in 2020. With a total land area of 277.43 square miles (718.54 km2), Hiawatha Township is the third largest municipality in the state after McMillan Township and Marenisco Township.

McMillan Township, Luce County, Michigan
McMillan Township is a civil township of Luce County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,471 at the 2020 census.  At 588.78 square miles (1,524.9 km2) of total land area, McMillan Township is the largest municipality by area in the state of Michigan.

McMillan Township occupies 65.5% of Luce County's land area and also contains the village of Newberry, which is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in the county.  The township contains two state parks: Muskallonge Lake State Park and the western portion of Tahquamenon Falls State Park, which also includes the Upper Tahquamenon Falls. Crisp Point Light is also located in the northeast corner of the township.
Georgi Yumatov
Georgi Aleksandrovich Yumatov (Russian: Гeopгий Алeксандpoвич Юматов, IPA: [ɡʲɪˈorɡʲɪj jʊˈmatəf]; 11 March 1926 – 6 October 1997) was a Soviet and Russian film actor. He appeared in 72 films between 1946 and 1994. He was a People’s Artist of the RSFSR (1982).

People's Artist of the RSFSR
People's Artist of the RSFSR (Russian: Народный артист РСФСР, Narodnyj artist RSFSR) was an honorary title granted to Soviet Union artists, including theatre and film directors, actors, choreographers, music performers, and orchestra conductors, who had outstanding achievements in the arts, and who lived in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). This title was one rank below Honored Artist of the RSFSR and one above People's Artist of the USSR.

The title was introduced on 10 August 1931. In 1992, after the Russian SFSR was renamed as the Russian Federation, it was replaced by People's Artist of Russia.
Birkin bag
The Birkin bag (or simply Birkin) is a handbag created by the French company Hermès in 1984, following a meeting between Jean-Louis Dumas, then CEO of the group, and the actress Jane Birkin. Handmade, usually in leather, it is distributed in several sizes and exclusively in Hermès stores.

Along with the Kelly bag and the carré de soie, the Birkin is one of the brand's iconic products. It has two handles and a more casual look than the Kelly. Each one is made by a single craftsman, usually in one of Hermès' French factories, and requires between 15 and 20 hours' work.

It's widely considered a visual representation of wealth, status, and importance in a modern society.

Status symbol
A status symbol is a visible, external symbol of one's social position, an indicator of economic or social status. Many luxury goods are often considered status symbols. Status symbol is also a sociological term – as part of social and sociological symbolic interactionism – relating to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural symbols.
Paul Giger
Paul Giger (born 1952 in Herisau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, northeastern Switzerland), is a Swiss violinist and composer. He plays contemporary classical music, jazz, and free improvised music, and specializes in extended techniques.

He has released seven CDs on the ECM label and collaborated with the Hilliard Ensemble, Jan Garbarek, Pierre Favre and Marie-Louise Dähler.

Hilliard Ensemble
Hilliard Ensemble was a British male vocal quartet originally devoted to the performance of early music. The group was named after the Elizabethan miniaturist painter Nicholas Hilliard. Founded in 1974, the group disbanded in 2014.

Although most of its work focused on music of the Medieval and Renaissance periods, the Hilliard Ensemble also performed contemporary music, working frequently with the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt and included in its concerts works by John Cage, Gavin Bryars, Giya Kancheli, and Heinz Holliger.
Dirichlet problem
In mathematics, a Dirichlet problem asks for a function which solves a specified partial differential equation (PDE) in the interior of a given region that takes prescribed values on the boundary of the region.

The Dirichlet problem can be solved for many PDEs, although originally it was posed for Laplace's equation.  In that case the problem can be stated as follows:

Given a function f that has values everywhere on the boundary of a region in , is there a unique continuous function  twice continuously differentiable in the interior and continuous on the boundary, such that  is harmonic in the interior and  on the boundary?

This requirement is called the Dirichlet boundary condition.  The main issue is to prove the existence of a solution; uniqueness can be proven using the maximum principle.

Neumann boundary condition
In mathematics, the Neumann (or second-type) boundary condition is a type of boundary condition, named after Carl Neumann.
When imposed on an ordinary or a  partial differential equation, the condition specifies the values of  the derivative applied at the boundary of the domain.

It is possible to describe the problem using other boundary conditions: a Dirichlet boundary condition specifies the values of the solution itself (as opposed to its derivative) on the boundary, whereas the Cauchy boundary condition, mixed boundary condition and Robin boundary condition are all different types of combinations of the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Heritage Bank (Nigeria)
Heritage Bank Plc., usually called Heritage Bank, was a financial services institution. It was one of the commercial banks licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the country's banking regulator, with a national operating license, that offered retail banking, corporate banking, online/internet banking, investment banking and asset management services; its head office was at 143, Ahmadu Bello way, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. It's banking license was revoked on Monday, June 3rd 2024.

Victoria Island, Lagos
Victoria Island (VI) is an affluent area that encompasses a former island of the same name neighbouring Lagos Island, Ikoyi and the Lekki Peninsula by the Lagos Lagoon. It is the main business and financial centre of Lagos State, Nigeria.

The island is one of the most exclusive and expensive areas to reside in Lagos. The town and island lie within the boundaries of the Eti-Osa Local Government Area (LGA). It is named after Queen Victoria.
Names of the Valencian Community
The names of the Valencian Community are diverse, even though Comunitat Valenciana ("Valencian Community") is the only denomination with official status in its Statute of Autonomy. Nonetheless, this legal document includes in its Preamble other legal denominations that portray the history and nature of the territory: Regne de València ("Kingdom of Valencia") and País Valencià ("Valencian Country" or "Land of Valencia").

Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Valencian: Regne de València; Spanish: Reino de Valencia; Latin: Regnum Valentiae), located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.

The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista. It was dissolved, alongside the other components of the old crown of Aragon, by Philip V of Spain in 1707, by means of the Nueva Planta decrees, as a result of the Spanish War of Succession.

During its existence, the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs (charters) of Valencia; these charters granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and, later on, under the Spanish Monarchy.

The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish autonomous community of the Valencian Community are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia.
Daulat Gunaji Gawai
Daulat Gunaji Gawai (born 1 June 1929 in Shirpur, Buldhana district, Maharashtra) was a member of the 6th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Buldhana constituency of Maharashtra and was a member of the Republican Party of India (अखिल भारतीय रिपब्लिकन पक्ष).

6th Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The 6th Lok Sabha, which ran from 23 March 1977 to 22 August 1979 was elected in February and March 1977. 11 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 6th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.

Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister on 24 March 1977 after Janata alliance won 295 seats, 242 more than the previous 5th Lok Sabha.

Charan Singh became the Prime Minister on 28 July 1979 with the support of Indira Gandhi (Congress (I)); but resigned on 20 August 1979 since he was not ready to remove charges against Indira Gandhi and her family from the Emergency days and advised the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha.  The Sixth Lok Sabha was dissolved on 22 August 1979 by the President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy and Charan Singh remained as the caretaker Prime Minister till 14 January 1980, the formation of the next 7th Lok Sabha following the 1980 Indian general election.
Therblig
Therbligs are elemental motions used in the study of workplace motion economy. A workplace task is analyzed by recording each of the therblig units for a process, with the results used for optimization of manual labour by eliminating unneeded movements. Eighteen therbligs have been defined.

The word therblig was the creation of Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth, American industrial psychologists who invented the field of time and motion study. It is a reversal of the name Gilbreth, with 'th' transposed.

Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr.
Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. (March 17, 1911  –  February 18, 2001) was an American journalist and author. He co-authored, with his sister Ernestine, the autobiographical bestsellers Cheaper by the Dozen (1948; which was adapted as a 1950 film) and Belles on Their Toes (1950; which was adapted as a 1952 film). Under his own name, he wrote multiple additional books, such as Time Out for Happiness and Ancestors of the Dozen, and a long-running newspaper column.
Shoalhaven Heads
Shoalhaven Heads is a town in Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia. At the 2016 census, Shoalhaven Heads had a population of 3,059 people. It has a surfing beach, access to the Shoalhaven River and is surrounded by wineries.

City of Shoalhaven
The City of Shoalhaven is a local government area in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Sydney. The Princes Highway passes through the area, and the South Coast railway line traverses the northern section, terminating at Bomaderry. At the 2021 census, the population was 108,531.
FC Viikingit
FC Viikingit is a Finnish football club based in Vuosaari, East Helsinki, that competes in the Vitonen, the sixth tier of Finnish football. They play their home matches at Vuosaaren urheilukenttä, also called Heteniitty. The club's name and crest refer to Vikings, and they are known for their red colour.

FC Viikingit played the 2007 season in the Finnish premier division (Veikkausliiga), but were relegated to the Ykkönen and competed there until 2014, when they were relegated to Kakkonen. The club's reserve team, FC Viikkarit, were promoted to the Kakkonen for the 2014 season but they had to give it up, because they were not able to play on the same division as the main team.

Kolmonen
Kolmonen or III divisioona is the fifth level in the league system of Finnish football and comprises 108 Finnish football teams. The III divisioona was introduced in 1973 and in the mid-1990s became known as the Kolmonen (Number Three in English and Trean in Swedish). Until the end of 2023 season, Kolmonen was the fourth level in the pyramid, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, Kolmonen fell down one level, starting in 2024.
Le Fort fracture of skull
The Le Fort (or LeFort) fractures are a pattern of midface fractures originally described by the French surgeon René Le Fort in the early 1900s. He described three distinct fracture patterns. Although not always applicable to modern-day facial fractures, the Le Fort type fracture classification is still utilized today by medical providers to aid in describing facial trauma for communication, documentation, and surgical planning. Several surgical techniques have been established for facial reconstruction following Le Fort fractures, including maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The main goal of any surgical intervention is to re-establish occlusion, or the alignment of upper and lower teeth, to ensure the patient is able to eat. Complications following Le Fort fractures rely on the anatomical structures affected by the inciding injury.

Surgical planning
Surgical planning is the preoperative method of pre-visualising a surgical intervention, in order to predefine the surgical steps and furthermore the bone segment navigation in the context of computer-assisted surgery. The surgical planning is most important in neurosurgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The transfer of the surgical planning to the patient is generally made using a medical navigation system.
Banksmeadow
Banksmeadow is a suburb located in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, within the state of New South Wales, Australia. Situated 11 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Bayside Council. Banksmeadow is positioned on the northern shores of Botany Bay.

Bayside Council
Bayside Council is a local government area in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located  around part of Botany Bay, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the Sydney CBD. It includes 29 suburbs in Sydney's South. It comprises an area of 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) and in 2023 had an estimated population of 182,987.
The council was formed on 9 September 2016 from the merger of the City of Botany Bay and the City of Rockdale.

The council's mayor is Ed McDougall, of the Australian Labor Party, elected by the council on 9 October 2024.
Antonio Nachura
Antonio Eduardo Bermejo Nachura (June 13, 1941 – March 13, 2022) was a Filipino jurist who was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He took his oath of office as Associate Justice on February 7, 2007, and occupied the position until his mandatory retirement on June 13, 2011. Previously, Nachura had been Solicitor-General of the Philippines at the time his appointment to the Court was announced on January 31, 2007, by then-Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
An associate justice of the Supreme Court (Filipino: Kasangguning Mahistrado ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman) is one of fifteen members of the Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The chief justice presides over the high court, but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the chief justice is deemed primus inter pares ("first among equals") among the justices.

Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the court. Since then, 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. The most recent woman to be appointed to the high tribunal is Maria Filomena Singh, a former justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines on May 18, 2022.
Columbus Park (Manhattan)
Columbus Park formerly known as Mulberry Bend Park, Five Points Park and Paradise Park, is a public park in Chinatown, Manhattan, in New York City that was built in 1897.

American photojournalist Jacob Riis (best known for How The Other Half Lives) is generally credited with "transforming Mulberry Bend from a 'notorious slum' to a park" in order to improve tenement dwellers' quality of life in the neighborhood.

How the Other Half Lives
How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (1890) is an early publication of photojournalism by Jacob Riis, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s. The photographs served as a basis for future "muckraking" journalism by exposing the slums to New York City's upper and middle classes. They inspired many reforms of working-class housing, both immediately after publication as well as making a lasting impact in today's society.
Sanjay Yadaorao Dhote
Sanjay Yadaorao Dhote is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Rajura Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He had unsuccessfully contested the 2009 elections on Swatantra Bharat Paksha (SBP) ticket but lost to Subhash Dhote of the Indian National Congress. His 2014 victory has been described as an upset win. He has failed to provide employment for youths and his performance in assembly is not satisfactory.

Subhash Dhote
Subhash Ramchandrarao Dhote is an Indian politician from Maharashtra and a member of the Indian National Congress in 2009 and 2019. He was elected as a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Rajura.