hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ziyuan (book)
The Ziyuan (Chinese: 字苑; pinyin: Zìyuàn; Wade–Giles: Tzu-yüan; lit. 'Character Garden'; or "Essays on Chinese Characters") was a Chinese dictionary attributed to the Eastern Jin Dynasty scholar Ge Hong. The original text was lost, and the small modern Ziyuan recension has 34 headwords, mostly Chinese Buddhist loanword terminology.

The Ziyuan is notable for having the first occurrence of the Chinese borrowing ta (塔; tǎ; t'a; "tower; pagoda"). Feng (2004:205) classifies ta as a "monosyllabic phonemic loanword," and notes:

塔/ta/=浮屠/futu/=浮图/futu/=佛图/futu/=数斗波/shudoupo/=兜婆/doupo/：Buddhist tower: "塔,佛堂也 [The ta is Buddhist tower]" (字苑), "作九层浮图 To build the Buddhist tower with nine levels" (水经注), "塔亦胡言, 犹宗庙也. [ta comes from languages of Hu nationalities, it means tower.]" (魏书). It was borrowed from buddhastupa of Sanskrit. The process of pronunciation change is as follows: Buddhastupa stupa tupa t’ap.

Chinese dictionary
There are two types of dictionaries regularly used in the Chinese language: 'character dictionaries' (字典; zìdiǎn) list individual Chinese characters, and 'word dictionaries' (辞典; 辭典; cídiǎn) list words and phrases. Because tens of thousands of characters have been used in written Chinese, Chinese lexicographers have developed a number of methods to order and sort characters to facilitate more convenient reference.

Chinese dictionaries have been published for over two millennia, beginning in the Han dynasty. This is the longest lexicographical history of any language. In addition to works for standard Chinese, beginning with the 1st-century CE Fangyan dictionaries also been created for the many varieties of Chinese. One of the most influential Chinese dictionaries ever published was the Kangxi Dictionary, finished in 1716 during the Qing dynasty, with the list of 214 Kangxi radicals it popularized are still widely used.
Peziza micropus
Peziza micropus is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. This European fungus is found on rotting wood, especially beech and elm and tends to thrive in the aftermath of outbreaks of Dutch elm disease. The ascocarps are irregular pale brown saucers up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in diameter, appearing from summer to autumn.

Pezizaceae
The Pezizaceae (commonly referred to as cup fungi)  are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota which produce mushrooms that tend to grow in the shape of a "cup".  Spores are formed on the inner surface of the fruit body (ascoma). The cup shape typically serves to focus raindrops into splashing spores out of the cup.  Additionally, the curvature enables wind currents to blow the spores out in a different manner than in most agarics and boletes.

Cup fungi grow in peculiar shapes, frequently resembling cups or saucers. For example, the orange peel fungus (Aleuria aurantia) resembles a discarded orange rind. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 31 genera and 230 species.
U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance
The U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance is an alliance of agriculture related interest groups and organizations that promote industrial agriculture in the United States. Their aim is to promote a positive image of modern agricultural practices.  They are supported by checkoff funds from the United States Department of Agriculture and by cooperate donations. The alliance has been criticized for a bias towards corporate agricultural practices.

National Corn Growers Association
The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) is an association that represents and advocates for the interests of corn growers in the United States. It is distinct from the American Corn Growers Association, a competing organization set up in 1987.
USS Action
USS Action (PG-86) was the lead ship of the Action-class patrol boats acquired by the United States Navy for the task of patrolling American coastal waters during World War II. She is the only ship to bear this name.

American Flower-class corvette
The American Flower-class corvettes were those ships of the Royal Navy's Flower class built for, or operated by, the United States Navy during World War II. These were ten ships of the original Flower class, known as the Temptress class in US service, and fifteen Modified Flowers, as the Action class. In US service they were classified as Patrol Gunboats (PG).
Brew Your Own
Brew Your Own is an American magazine, particularly concerned with the process of homebrewing beer.   The magazine is published eight times annually from offices in Manchester Village, Vermont.  Brew Your Own was launched in 1995 and is the largest circulation magazine for people interested in making their own beer at home.  Subject matter covered in each issue includes beer recipes, how-to projects and advice columns.

Brew Your Own's sister publication is WineMaker magazine.

Homebrewing
Homebrewing is the brewing of beer   or other alcoholic beverages on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes. Supplies, such as kits and fermentation tanks, can be purchased locally at specialty stores or online. Beer was brewed domestically for thousands of years before its commercial production although its legality has varied according to local regulation. Homebrewing is closely related to the hobby of home distillation, the production of alcoholic spirits for personal consumption, but home distillation is generally more tightly regulated.
Buskerud University College
Buskerud University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Buskerud or HiBu) was a university college established 1 August 1994 and situated in Viken county, Norway. It merged with Vestfold University College on 1 January 2014 to form Buskerud and Vestfold University College.  This new school merged again on 1 January 2016 with Telemark University College into University College of Southeast Norway.

The University's campuses were located in three cities around Oslo: Kongsberg (technology and engineering), Drammen (political science, health science, teacher education, and design) and Hønefoss (business administration and management).

The institution had approximately 4500 students and 250 employees, and offered a broad range of bachelor and master programmes.

Telemark University College
Telemark University College (TUC, Norwegian: Høgskolen i Telemark, HiT) was, until its merger, the fourth largest university college in Norway. The University College had about 7000 students, split between four locations in Bø, Notodden, Porsgrunn, Rauland and Drammen.
Baseball United Arab Classic
The Baseball United Arab Classic was an international baseball tournament that took place between November 7 and November 10, 2024. Organized by Baseball United, the invitational tournament was held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, at the Baseball United Ballpark at The Sevens sports complex. The tournament operates under World Baseball Classic rules. It featured the international debut of the Saudi Arabia national baseball team and the United Arab Emirates national baseball team.

United Arab Emirates national baseball team
The United Arab Emirates national baseball team represents the United Arab Emirates in international baseball competition. The team was established in 2024, under the auspices of the Emirates Cricket Board (which oversees cricket, the more popular bat-and-ball sport in the country), in cooperation with Baseball United. The team is largely made up of Western expatriates living in the United Arab Emirates, including members of the Dubai Little League, similar to how the Emirati national cricket team is largely made up of South Asian expatriates.
Bel Air Rivière Sèche
Bel Air Rivière Sèche, more often referred to simply as Bel Air, is a village in the Flacq district of Mauritius. The village is administered by the Bel Air Rivière Sèche Village Council under the aegis of the Flacq District Council. According to the census by Statistics Mauritius in 2011, the population of the village was 17,605.

Flacq District
Flacq (Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [flak]) is a district of Mauritius, situated in the east of the island. It is the largest district, with an area of 297.9 km2. The population estimate is 138,221 (31 December 2022).
Tetris Online, Inc.
Tetris Online, Inc. (Russian: Тетрис Онлайн, Инк.) was an American video game developer and publisher. The company was the exclusive online licensee of Tetris in North America and Europe. It was founded in January 2006 by Nintendo of America founder and former president Minoru Arakawa, video game designer and publisher Henk Rogers and Tetris creator Alexey Pajitnov. Tetris Online, Inc. is the developer of social games Tetris Battle and Tetris Friends.  In March 2013, Tetris Online, Inc. laid off 40% of its staff.

The company ceased all operations on May 31, 2019. Along with this shutdown, Tetris Friends also ceased all operations.

Alexey Pajitnov
Alexey Leonidovich Pajitnov (born April 16, 1955) is a Russian-American computer engineer and video game designer. He is best known for creating, designing, and developing Tetris in 1985 while working at the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre under the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (now the Russian Academy of Sciences).

In 1991, he moved to the United States and later became a U.S. citizen. In 1996, Pajitnov founded The Tetris Company alongside Dutch video game designer Henk Rogers. Despite the game's high popularity, Pajitnov did not receive royalties from Tetris prior to this time; the Soviet Union had disintegrated by 1991.
Natsagiin Bagabandi
Natsagiin Bagabandi (Mongolian: Нацагийн Багабанди; born 22 April 1950) is a Mongolian politician who served as the 2nd President of Mongolia from 1997 to 2005. He won the 1997 presidential election and subsequently the 2001 presidential election, serving a total of two terms. Prior to running for president, he served as the Chairman of the State Great Khural from 1992 to 1996 and the Secretary General of the Party Leadership Council of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (now known as the Mongolian People's Party) from February to June 1997.

He was the first person to be the director of Oyu Tolgoi LLC, serving from 2010 to 2013 and then again from 2016 to 2023.

1996 Mongolian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 30 June 1996. The result was a victory for the Democratic Union Coalition, which won 50 of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural, the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. The former ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party won 25 seats. Voter turnout was 92%.
Sinmara
In Norse mythology, Sinmara is a gýgr (giantess), usually considered a consort to the fiery jötunn Surtr, the lord of Muspelheim, but wife of Mimir. Sinmara is attested solely in the poem Fjölsvinnsmál, where she is mentioned alongside Surtr in one (emended) stanza, and described as keeper of the legendary weapon Lævateinn in a later passage. Assorted theories have been proposed about the etymology of her name, and her connection with other figures in Norse mythology.

Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)
Henry Adams Bellows (September 22, 1885 – December 29, 1939) was an American newspaper editor and radio executive who was an early member of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission. He is also known for his translation of the Poetic Edda for The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout
On Monday, 28 April 2025, at 12:33 CEST (11:33 WEST; 10:33 UTC), a major power blackout occurred across the Iberian Peninsula affecting mainland Portugal and peninsular Spain, where electric power was interrupted for about ten hours in most of the Peninsula and longer in some areas. The power cut caused severe difficulties in telecommunications, transportation systems, and essential sectors such as emergency services. At least seven people in Spain and one in Portugal may have died due to outage-related circumstances like candle fires or generator exhaust fumes. 
The total disconnected load was 31 GW.

Minor power cuts lasting seconds or minutes occurred in adjacent regions of Andorra and parts of southwestern France. Reports indicated problems with the European synchronous electricity grid. Traffic lights in many places stopped working, and metro lines had to be evacuated.

Red Eléctrica de España
Red Eléctrica de España (Spanish pronunciation: [reð eˈleɣtɾika ðe esˈpaɲa]; REE) is a partly state-owned and public limited Spanish corporation which operates the national electricity grid in Spain, where it operates the national power transmission system. It also holds assets in Peru, Chile and Brazil.
Aristides of Athens
Aristides the Athenian (also Saint Aristides or Marcianus Aristides; Greek: Ἀριστείδης Μαρκιανός) was a 2nd-century Christian Greek author who is primarily known as the author of the Apology of Aristides. His feast day is August 31 in Catholic Church and September 13 in Eastern Orthodox Church.

Barlaam and Josaphat
Barlaam and Josaphat, also known as Bilawhar and Budhasaf, are Christian saints. Their story tells of the conversion of Josaphat to Christianity. According to tradition, an Indian king persecuted the Christian Church in his realm. After astrologers predicted that his own son would some day become a Christian, the king imprisoned the young prince Josaphat, who nevertheless met the hermit Saint Barlaam and converted to Christianity. After much tribulation the young prince's father accepted the Christian faith, turned over his throne to Josaphat, and retired to the desert to become a hermit. Josaphat himself later abdicated and went into seclusion with his old teacher Barlaam. The story is thought to be a Christianized and later version of the story of Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha.
William Bree
William Bree ( 19 November 1822 – 28 January 1917) was Archdeacon of Coventry from 1887 until 1908.

The son of The Rev William Thomas Bree, MA, Rector of Allesley he was educated at Bridgnorth Endowed School and Merton College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1848, and was curate at Polebrook until 1863, when he succeeded his father at Allesley.    He married firstly, in 1853, Mary Duke; and, secondly, Sophy Adèle Biggs. His great nephew, the actor James Bree, was patron of the benefice until his death in 2008.

Allesley
Allesley (/ˈɔːlzli/) is a suburban village and civil parish in the City of Coventry metropolitan borough, West Midlands, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west-northwest of Coventry city centre and 4 miles (6.5 km) east-south-east of Meriden. Located in the Arden area of historic Warwickshire, the parish population according to the 2001 census was 805, which rose to 837 at the 2011 census, and as of the 2021 census, the population was 908 (excluding the neighbouring suburbs of Allesley Park and Allesley Green). Until 1998, Allesley contained the main Jaguar car assembly plant at Browns Lane.
Quechajaja
Quechajaja (possibly from Quechua kicha open, qaqa rock, "open rock") is mountain in the northern extensions of the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,600 metres (15,092 ft) high.

It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province,  Ocongate District. Quechajaja lies south of Anta Punco and Jarjapata, southwest of Chuñuna and east of Vilacirca. It stretches along the Pampahuasi valley whose intermittent stream flows to Tinquimayo in the southwest. At the southern slope of Quechajaja there is a lake named Ampatune (possibly from Aymara for "the one with frogs").

Chuñuna
Chuñuna (possibly from Quechua ch'uñu a freeze-dried potato, -na a suffix, "where ch'uñu is made") is mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, on the border of the districts of Marcapata and Ocongate. Chuñuna lies southwest of Ancahuachana and southeast of  Jolljepunco and Velacota.
Patricia Underwood
Patricia Underwood, Lady Moynihan of Chelsea (née Gilbert; born 11 October 1947), is a milliner who had her own company in New York City designing, manufacturing and marketing hats from 1976 to 2019. She continues with special commissions and other designs.

Council of Fashion Designers of America
The Council of Fashion Designers of America, Inc. (CFDA), founded in 1962 by publicist Eleanor Lambert, and headquartered in Manhattan, is a not-for-profit trade association comprising a membership of over 370 American fashion and accessory designers. The organization promotes American designers' participation in the global economy.

In addition to hosting the annual CFDA Fashion Awards, the organization develops future American design talent through scholarships and resources in colleges, and postgraduate schools. The CFDA also provides funding and business opportunities for working designers. Through the CFDA Foundation, the organization engages in various charitable activities.
Phoenice Libanensis
Phoenice Libanensis (Greek: Φοινίκη Λιβανησία, lit. 'Lebanese Phoenicia', also known in Latin as Phoenice Libani, or Phoenice II/Phoenice Secunda), was a province of the Roman Empire, covering the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and the territories to the east, all the way to Palmyra. It was officially created c. 392, when the Roman province of Phoenice was divided into Phoenice proper or Phoenice Paralia, and Phoenice Libanensis, a division that persisted until the region was conquered by the Muslim Arabs in the 630s.

Dux
Dux (/dʌks, dʊks/, pl.: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, both Roman generals and foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.
Buzz Back Girl
"Buzz Back Girl" is a song recorded by American country music artist Jerrod Niemann. It was released in July 2014 as the third single from his album High Noon. The song was written by Lee Brice, Kyle Jacobs and Phillip Lammonds.

Kyle Jacobs (songwriter)
Kyle Christopher Jacobs (June 26, 1973 – February 17, 2023) was an American country music songwriter, vocalist, guitarist, pianist, as well as a staff writer for Curb Music from 2003 until his death. Jacobs wrote music on piano and guitar.  His hometown was Bloomington, Minnesota.

Jacobs was the co-writer on Garth Brooks' single, "More Than a Memory", which became the first song to debut at number one on Billboard's Country Singles chart. In addition to sharing author rights of Kimberley Locke's Top 10 hit, "8th World Wonder", Jacobs's songs have been recorded by artists such as Trace Adkins, Jo Dee Messina, Craig Morgan, Tim McGraw, Kellie Pickler (his wife), Clay Walker, Kelly Clarkson, Scotty McCreery, and many others. Jacobs had also collaborated with top writers and artists, including Darius Rucker, Rachel Thibodeau, and Wynonna.

Jacobs starred alongside Kellie Pickler in the CMT reality series I Love Kellie Pickler.
Panjshir River
The Panjshir River flows through the Panjshir Valley in northeastern Afghanistan, 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Kabul. Its main tributary is the Ghorband River which flows from the Parwan Province and joins the Panjshir River 10 km east of Charikar in Bagram District. The Panjshir River takes its source near the Anjuman Pass, flows southward through the Hindu Kush and joins the Kabul River at Surobi.

Florentia Sale crossed this river during her captivity under Wazir Akbar Khan in 1842 during the First Anglo-Afghan War. A dam was built on the Panjshir River near Surobi in the 1950s to supply water from the Panjshir River to the Kabul River. There is just one permanent bridge on the Panjshir River that provides access to the Bagram Airport. On 12 July 2018, a flood in Panjshir Valley killed ten people.

Anjuman Pass
The Anjuman Pass (Persian: كتل انجمن Kotal-e Anjoman) (also written Anjoman Pass) (4,430 m) is a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan.  It connects the Panjshir Valley and beyond in the south-west with Badakhshan province and beyond to the north-east, which is the most north-easterly province of Afghanistan. The Anjuman Pass is located on Panjshir Province's border with Badakhshan and Takhar province. The climate in this area is usually cold with snow. The roads are narrow and slippery.
CN Serial Number
A CN Serial Number (CN; Chinese: 国内统一连续出版物号, also commonly known as Chinese: 国内统一刊号; lit. 'Domestic Standard Serial Number') is a serial number given by the National Press and Publication Administration used to uniquely identify a serial publication published in China.

Unique identifier
A unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose. The concept  was formalized early in the development of computer science and information systems. In general, it was associated with an atomic data type.

In relational databases, certain attributes of an entity that serve as unique identifiers are called primary keys.
In mathematics, set theory uses the concept of element indices as unique identifiers.
Desiccated thyroid extract
Desiccated thyroid extract (DTE), is thyroid gland that has been dried and powdered for medical use. It is used to treat hypothyroidism, but less preferred than levothyroxine. It is taken by mouth. Maximal effects may take up to three weeks to occur.

Side effects may occur from excessive doses. This may include weight loss, fever, headache, anxiety, trouble sleeping, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Other side effects may include allergic reactions. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally safe. Regular blood tests are recommended to verify the appropriateness of the dose. They contain a mixture of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Desiccated thyroid has been used since the late 1800s. It is usually made from pigs, sheep, or cows. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 141st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. Usage has decreased since the 1960s.

Thyroxine
Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine and its active metabolites are essential for regulating metabolic rate, supporting heart and muscle function, promoting brain development, and maintaining bone health.
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1884–1887
This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1884 to 1887, as elected at the 1884 colonial election:

1  Albert MHA Rudolph Henning died on 24 November 1884. Andrew Dods Handyside won the resulting by-election on 5 January 1885.

2  Wallaroo MHA Henry Allerdale Grainger resigned on 19 January 1885. David Bews won the resulting by-election on 16 February.

3  Stanley MHA John Miller resigned on 20 April 1885. John Darling, senior won the resulting by-election on 15 May.

4  Sturt MHA Thomas King resigned on 6 July 1885. Samuel Dening Glyde won the resulting by-election on 17 July.

5  Albert MHA Arthur Hardy resigned on 8 February 1886. He recontested his seat and was elected unopposed on 9 March.

6  East Adelaide MHA George Dutton Green resigned on 15 May 1886. Theodor Scherk won the resulting by-election on 31 May.

John Darling Sr.
John Patrick Darling Sr. (23 February 1831 – 10 April 1905) was a Scots businessman who developed as a merchant and the largest grain exporter in Australia. He also served as a politician in South Australia in both houses of Parliament.

Born in Edinburgh, as a young married man he emigrated with his family to Australia in 1855, following friends who had traveled there some years before because of the colony's opportunities.