hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.

Oxygen saturation
Oxygen  saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).

Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry. Tissue saturation at peripheral scale can be measured using NIRSTooltip near-infrared spectroscopy. This technique can be applied on both muscle and brain.
History of Primorye
The history of Primorye is that of the territory known today as the Russian federal subject of Primorsky Krai (established in 1938), located south of Khabarovsk Krai in the Far Eastern Federal District. It is also the history of the broader territory once referred to by the Russians as "Outer Manchuria" during the time of the Russian Empire.

Olginsky District
Olginsky District (Russian: О́льгинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai and borders with Kavalerovsky District in the north, the Sea of Japan in the east, southeast, and south, Lazovsky District in the southwest, and with Chuguyevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 6,415.9 square kilometers (2,477.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Olga. Population:  10,701 (2010 census); 12,044 (2002 census); 16,006 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Olga accounts for 37.6% of the district's total population.
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE; French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe, ADLE) was a transnational alliance between two European political parties, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party. ALDE had political groups in the European Parliament, the EU Committee of the Regions, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. There were assorted independents in these groups as well as national-level affiliate parties of the European-level parties.

The pro-European platform of ALDE espoused liberal economics, and supported for European integration and the European single market.

Following the 2019 European Parliament election, Renew Europe replaced the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group from the 2014−2019 Parliament, and ALDE, as a political alliance between the ALDE Party and the EDP, ceased to be mentioned.

Renew Europe
Renew Europe (or simply Renew) is a liberal, centrist to centre-right, pro-European political group of the European Parliament founded for the ninth European Parliament term. The group is the successor to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group which existed during the sixth, seventh and eighth terms from 2004 to 2019, and under a variety of other names in earlier Parliaments.

The group announced the adoption of its new name on 12 June 2019, after forming an alliance with the French party La République En Marche!, which wanted to avoid the word liberal in the name. The group continues to be known as the Liberal Group outside France.
1980 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1980 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament was the fifth edition of the tournament, held February 29 and March 1 at the Dee Events Center at Weber State College in Ogden, Utah.

Top-seeded Weber State defeated Montana in the championship game, 50–42, to clinch their third consecutive Big Sky tournament title. The Wildcats had played in all five finals, dropping the first two.

Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Big Sky Conference. The event has been held annually since 1976, the conference's thirteenth year.

The tournament winner earns a berth in the NCAA Division I tournament.
2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums
The first political debate before the 2008 Republican primaries was held on May 3, 2007, at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. Other debates have taken place in New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Florida. They were generally broadcast by television networks.

The debates can have a substantial effect on the primaries and are important chances for the public to compare the candidates side-by-side.

Frank Luntz
Frank Ian Luntz (born February 23, 1962) is an American political and communications consultant and pollster. His work has included developing talking points and other messaging for Republican causes, assistance with messaging for Newt Gingrich's Contract with America, and public relations support for The Israel Project. He advocated use of vocabulary crafted to produce a desired effect, including use of the term death tax instead of estate tax, and climate change instead of global warming.

Luntz has historically frequently contributed to Fox News and CBS News (and since 2021 on CNN) as a commentator and analyst, as well as running focus groups during and after presidential debates on Fox News and CBS News. Luntz describes his specialty as "testing language and finding words that will help his clients sell their product or turn public opinion on an issue or a candidate." He is also an author of business books dealing with communication strategies and public opinion.
East Central Indiana
East Central Indiana is a region in Indiana east of Indianapolis, Indiana, and bordering the Ohio state line.  The Indiana Gas Boom, which took place during the 1890s, changed much of the area from small agricultural communities to larger cities with economies that included manufacturing.  Companies such as Ball Corporation and Overhead Door once had their headquarters in the region.  Glass manufacturing was the first industry to be widespread in the area, because of the natural gas.  As the glass industry faded, many of the skilled workers became employed at auto parts factories in cities such as Muncie and Anderson.  With the decline of the American automobile industry, East Central Indiana became part of the Rust Belt.  Many communities have been forced to reinvent themselves with a focus on services or a return to agriculture.

Knightstown, Indiana
Knightstown is a town in Wayne Township, Henry County, Indiana, adjacent to Rush County, along the Big Blue River. The population was 2,140 at the 2020 census. It is approximately thirty-two miles east of Indianapolis.

Knightstown was used in the 1986 film Hoosiers. The Hoosier Gym was used in the filming of the film. Knightstown hosts two annual festivals: Jubilee Days held in early-mid June and The Hoosier Fall Festival held in September. Knightstown also hosts an annual car show and a music series on the town square.
Erminia (Scarlatti)
Erminia, Tancredi, Polidoro e Pastore (R.374.26) or more simply Erminia, is the last of the serenades by Italian composer Alessandro Scarlatti. Conceived for four voices, choir and orchestra, the work was created on the occasion of a wedding at the Palazzo Zevallos Stigliano in Naples on June 13, 1723, two years before the musician's death. The second part has gone astray in time and long considered lost or as an unfinished work. In the 2010s, fragments were found thanks to the Répertoire international des sources musicales.

The work has been performed several times in recent years, notably by the Concerto de' Cavalieri and its conductor, Marcello di Lisa and in early 2018, by the Opera Lafayette with Julia Dawson in the title-role.

Edward Joseph Dent
Edward Joseph Dent FBA (16 July 1876 – 22 August 1957), generally known as Edward J. Dent, was an English musicologist, teacher, translator and critic. A leading figure of musicology and music criticism, Dent was Professor of Music at the University of Cambridge between 1926 and 1941.
Kiyotsu Gorge
Kiyotsu Gorge (清津峡, Kiyotsu-kyō) is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument  on the border between Yuzawa and Tōkamachi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kiyotsu-kyō is a canyon located on the Kiyotsu River with a total length is 12.5 kilometers within the Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park. The canyon is regarded as one of the three major canyons in Japan, along with the Kurobe Gorge and the Osugidani Gorge. A hot spring resort, the Kiyotsukyō Onsen, is located at the entry to the gorge and attracts a large number of visitors especially during autumn foliage season. There is a pedestrian tunnel with a total length of 750 meters along the wall of the gorge for sightseers. Formerly, there was a climbing path along the side of the river, but it was closed after a rockfall in 1988.

Yuzawa, Niigata
Yuzawa (湯沢町, Yuzawa-machi) is a town located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the town had an estimated population of 7,926, and a population density of 22.2 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 357.29 square kilometres (137.95 sq mi). The town is famous for its hot springs, Ski resorts and Snow country.
La Valle Agordina
La Valle Agordina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Belluno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,217 and an area of 48.7 square kilometres (18.8 sq mi).

The municipality of La Valle Agordina contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Cugnago, Fadés, Lantrago, Matten, Conaggia, Chiesa, Torsas, Gaidòn, Ronche, Ronchet, Cancellade, Noàch, Le Campe, and La Muda.

La Valle Agordina borders the following municipalities: Agordo, Forno di Zoldo, Longarone, Rivamonte Agordino, Sedico, Zoldo Alto.

Longarone
Longarone is a town and comune on the banks of the Piave in the province of Belluno, in northeast Italy. It is situated 35 kilometres (22 miles) from Belluno.

4,642 people work all together in Longarone, which is 112.62% of the total population, with most actual inhabitants working within the village.
Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale invasion, prompting the imposition of substantial economic and political sanctions by the EU, the UK, the US, Canada, and other countries. The Russian government has a specified "Unfriendly Countries List" which indicates those countries with which relations are now strained (or non-existent). A Foreign Policy Concept approved by president Vladimir Putin in 2023 identified Russia as a Eurasian civilization state; aligning the country more closely with Asia, the Islamic world, Africa, Latin America, and the rest of the Global South. Russia is also seeking the end of the Western hegemony in the international order.

2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade
The 2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade was a military parade held in Red Square, Moscow, Russia, on 9 May 2025, to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Victory Day, which celebrates the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of World War II in Europe.
Grand Lodge of Manitoba
The Grand Lodge of Manitoba is the Grand Lodge, or governing body, of the masonic organization in the jurisdiction or Manitoba, Canada. Manitoba contains 54 lodges with 1,873 members. The Grand Lodge was established on 12 May 1875.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
Sulfinamide
In organosulfur chemistry, sulfinamide is a functional group with the structure R−S(O)−NR2 (where R = alkyl or aryl). This functionality is composed of a sulfur-carbon (S−C) single bond, a sulfur-nitrogen (S−N) single bond, and a sulfur-oxygen (S-O) bond (see Sulfoxide for the nature of this bond). As a non-bonding electron pair is  present on the sulfur, the sulfur atom is a stable stereogenic centre, and so these compounds are chiral. They are sometimes referred to as S-chiral sulfinamides. Sulfinamides are amides of sulfinic acid (R−S(O)OH).

Sulfoxide
In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl (>SO) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group.  Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that gives freshly crushed garlic its aroma, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent.
Korczowa-Krakovets
Korczowa-Krakovets is a land border crossing between Ukraine and Poland. On the Ukrainian side, it is located near the town of Krakovets, Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast. On the Polish side it is the village of Korczowa, Jaroslaw County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship.

The crossing on Ukrainian side known as Korchova-Krakivets, is situated on autoroute  E40 ( M 10). The type of crossing is automobile, status - international. The types of transportation for automobile crossings are passenger and freight. The port of entry is part of the Krakovets customs post of Lviv customs.

Yavoriv Raion
Yavoriv Raion (Ukrainian: Яворівський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Yavoriv. It was established in 1939. Its estimated population is 177,662 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Yavoriv Raion was significantly expanded. One abolished raion, Mostyska Raion, was merged into Yavoriv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 126,115 (2020 est.).
1999–2000 Primera B Nacional
The 1999–00 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 14th season of second division professional of football in Argentina. 34 teams competed; the champion and runner-up were promoted to Argentine Primera División.

2000–01 Argentine Primera División
The 2000–01 Argentine Primera División was the 110th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from July 28, 2000 to July 11, 2001.

Boca Juniors won the Apertura (its 25th league title) and San Lorenzo the Clausura (13th title) championships, while Los Andes and Almagro were relegated after spending only one season in the highest division.
Glenury distillery
Glenury distillery (also known as Glenury Royal) was a Highland single malt Scotch whisky distillery in Stonehaven, Scotland

Glenury operated under a number of different owners between 1825 and 1985, when it closed for the final time.

Highland single malts
Highland single malts are single malt Scotch whiskies produced in the Highland region of Scotland. This categorisation includes whiskies produced on the islands around the perimeter of Scotland (the Island single malts), except for Islay (see Islay whisky). Incongruously, the area includes lowland areas in the North-East, such as Moray and Aberdeenshire.
Dumfries (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Dumfries (dum-FREESS) was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Dumfries, Annan, Kirkcudbright, Lochmaben and Sanquhar formed the Dumfries district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
Production House Records
Production House Records was formed in 1987 by Phil Fearon, Laurie Jago and Raj Malkani.  Fearon enjoyed a string of hits in the 1980s as producer and frontman of British soul/dance/pop collective, Galaxy.

Production House Records is best known as a leading label during the 1990s rave era, specialising in breakbeat hardcore and subsequently jungle and drum and bass.

The artist roster of this prolific label included some of the foremost acts of the genre such as: Baby D, Acen, The House Crew, Terry Jones (rap name: MC Juice / stage name: MC Nino), The Brothers Grimm, DMS and DJ Solo.

In 1994, Production House achieved a number one hit with "Let Me Be Your Fantasy" by Baby D. Not having hit the top 75 upon original release two years earlier, the track achieved success after it was licensed to Systematic Records, one of the few genuine rave crossover hits of the early 1990s era.

Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore (also referred to as hardcore rave, oldskool hardcore or simply hardcore) is a music genre that spawned from the UK rave scene during the early 1990s. It combines four-on-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats usually sampled from hip hop. In addition to the inclusion of breakbeats, the genre also features shuffled drum machine patterns, hoover, and other noises originating from new beat and Belgian techno, sounds from acid house and bleep techno, and often upbeat house piano riffs and vocals.
Open Virtualization Format
Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or, more generally, software to be run in virtual machines.

The standard describes an "open, secure, portable, efficient and extensible format for the packaging and distribution of software to be run in virtual machines". The OVF standard is not tied to any particular hypervisor or instruction set architecture. The unit of packaging and distribution is a so-called OVF Package which may contain one or more virtual systems each of which can be deployed to a virtual machine.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Battle of Körmend
The Battle of Körmend was a military engagement that took place on June 26–27, 1664, as part of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664). Although not a major engagement in the broader context of the conflict, it nonetheless played a huge role in the subsequent Christian victory at the Battle of Saint Gotthard.

Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: كپرولى زاده فاضل احمد پاشا, Turkish: Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Paşa; Albanian: Fazlli Ahmed Pashë Kypriljoti; 1635 – 3 November 1676) was an Ottoman-Albanian nobleman and statesman, who belonged to the renowned Köprülü family of Albanian origin, which produced six grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire.
18th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 18th Slovenia Division (Slovene: Osemnajsta slovenska divizija, Serbo-Croatian: Osamnaesta slovenačka divizija / Осамнаеста словеначка дивизија) was a Yugoslav Partisan division formed in Zdenska Vas on September 14, 1943. Upon formation it consisted of around 3,350 soldiers in three brigades, those being: the 8th, 9th and 10th Slovenia Brigades. The division was commanded by Rado Pehaček and its political commissar was Janez Hribar - Tone. On October 3, 1943, it became a part of the 7th Corps. The division operated in Slovenia.

World War II in the Slovene Lands
World War II in the Slovene Lands started in April 1941 and lasted until May 1945. The Slovene Lands were in a unique situation during World War II in Europe. In addition to being trisected, a fate which also befell Greece, Drava Banovina (roughly today's Slovenia) was the only region that experienced a further step—absorption and annexation into neighboring Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Hungary. The Slovene-settled territory was divided largely between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, with smaller territories occupied and annexed by Hungary and the Independent State of Croatia.
Patari (service)
Patari (Urdu: پٹاری) is a Pakistani music streaming service founded in February 2015 by Khalid Bajwa, Faisal Sherjan, Iqbal Talaat Bhatti and Humayun Haroon. The site provides Pakistani music and is known as the largest local music streaming service in Pakistan.

Comparison of music streaming services
The following is a list of on-demand music streaming services. These services offer streaming of full-length content via the Internet as a part of their service, without the listener necessarily having to purchase a file for download. This type of service is somewhat similar to Internet radio. Many of these sites have advertising that supports free-to-listen options as well as paid subscription-based premium options.

Some services offer non-free options in the style of a digital music store. For a list of online music stores that provide a means of purchasing and downloading music as files of some sort, see comparison of digital music stores. Many sites from both of these categories offer services similar to an online music database.
Gonium pectorale
Gonium pectorale is a species of green algae in the family Goniaceae. It is a freshwater species with a cosmopolitan distribution.

Gonium pectorale is the type species of the genus Gonium, and is the most common species in the genus. It is a model organism for studying the evolution of multicellularity.

Goniaceae
Goniaceae is a family of algae in the order Chlamydomonadales, that includes the genera Astrephomene and Gonium. Members of the Goniaceae are distinguished from those of the Volvocaceae by having each cell surrounded by a tripartite boundary of the extracellular matrix, as opposed to the entire colony being surrounded by the tripartite boundary in Volvocaceae. Goniaceae is the sister group to Volvocaceae.
Polybolos
The polybolos (the name means "multi-thrower" in Greek) was an ancient Greek repeating ballista, reputedly invented by Dionysius of Alexandria (a 3rd-century BC Greek engineer at the Rhodes arsenal,) and used in antiquity. The polybolos was not a crossbow since it used a torsion mechanism, drawing its power from twisted sinew-bundles. However the earlier and similar oxybeles employed a tension crosbow mechanism, before it was abandoned in favor of torsion.

Philo of Byzantium (c. 280 BC – c. 220 BC) encountered and described a weapon similar to the polybolos, a catapult that could fire again and again without a need for manual reloading. Philo left a detailed description of the gears that powered its chain drive (the oldest known application of such a mechanism) and that placed bolt after bolt into its firing slot.

Oxybeles
The oxybeles (Greek: οξυβελής) was a weapon used by the Ancient Greeks starting in 375 BC. The word is derived from Ancient Greek: οξύς (oxys = sharp, pointed) and βέλος (belos = arrow). The weapon was basically an oversized gastraphetes, a composite bow placed on a stand with a stock and a trigger. It was supplanted by the scientifically engineered ballista. The difference between the two is the use of torsion power by the ballista. The most notable use of the oxybeles was under Alexander the Great's rule.