hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel G. Bonasso
Samuel George Bonasso (December 12, 1939 – July 1, 2025) was an American career civil engineer, entrepreneur, and inventor, who also worked as a public servant in the transportation sector at the state and federal levels and contributing innovations in his industry. Bonasso founded three businesses and was the holder of five U.S. patents, Bonasso was West Virginia Secretary of Transportation from 1998 to 2000 in the Governor Cecil H. Underwood administration. He then served as deputy administrator (November 2002 – March 2003), then acting administrator (March 2003 – March 2005), of the Research and Special Programs Administration at the U.S. Department of Transportation under Transportation Secretary Norman Y. Mineta, during the presidency of George W. Bush.

Cecil H. Underwood
Cecil Harland Underwood (November 5, 1922 – November 24, 2008) was an American politician who served as the 25th and 32nd governor of West Virginia from 1957 to 1961, and again from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Republican Party, he was the youngest governor in the state's history when first elected in 1956 at age 34 and later became the oldest when re-elected in 1996 at age 74. His career spanned more than five decades, including multiple gubernatorial bids, legislative service, and roles in academia and business. Underwood was known for his work in civil rights, economic development, and tax reform.
Dyle et Bacalan DB-10
The Dyle et Bacalan DB-10 was a heavy night bomber, designed in France and flown in 1926.  It was a twin engine, high wing, metal frame monoplane, distinguished by a very thick centre section wing which formed the forward fuselage and housed the engines.

Bristol Jupiter
The Bristol Jupiter is a British nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine that was built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Originally designed late in World War I and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.

The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under licence.

A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced. The "Orion" name was later re-used by Bristol for an unrelated turboprop engine.

The Bristol Jupiter was licensed by the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-22.
George Csicsery
George Paul Csicsery (born March 17, 1948) is a Hungarian-American writer and independent filmmaker who has directed 35 films including performance films, dramatic shorts and documentaries.  He is best known for his documentaries about mathematicians and mathematical communities.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
Mizo culture
The culture of the Mizo people has been heavily influenced by Christianity during the colonial era of the British Raj and the rise of Mizo nationalism with the Mizo Insurgency of 1966-1986. Mizo culture is rooted in the arts and ways of life of Mizos in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Mizo culture has developed in plurality with historical settlements and migrations starting from Southern China to the Shan states of Burma, the Kabaw valley and the state of Mizoram under the British and Indian administrations.

Despite significant westernization of Mizo culture due to Christianity and British influence, efforts have been made to revive pre-missionary traditions such as Chapchâr kût.

Chapchâr Kût
The Chapchâr Kût is a festival of Mizoram, India. Chapchâr Kût was originally celebrated to thank the gods for saving the people from harm during the clearing of forest on hill slopes for jhum cultivation at the beginning of a year.
Romanticism in philosophy
The philosophical ideas and thoughts of Edmund Burke, Thomas Carlyle, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Søren Kierkegaard, Arthur Schopenhauer and Richard Wagner have been frequently described as Romantic.

Jena Romanticism
Jena Romanticism (German: Jenaer Romantik), also the Jena Romantics or Early Romanticism (Frühromantik), is the first phase of Romanticism in German literature represented by the work of a group centred in Jena from about 1798 to 1804. The movement is considered to have contributed to the development of German idealism in late modern philosophy.
Central Zone cricket team
The Central Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents central India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from central India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Railways, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Vidarbha. Central Zone has the fourth strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 7 times, with the best team, North Zone having won 17 times.

Rajasthan cricket team
The Rajasthan cricket team is a cricket team which represents the Indian state of Rajasthan. The team won the Ranji Trophy in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the Rajasthan Cricket Association and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".
Valencia, Bukidnon
Valencia, officially the City of Valencia,  is a  component city in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 223,620 people.

The city is the most populous among all cities and municipalities in Bukidnon, and the 6th largest in terms of land area in the province. It is also the most populous inland/landlocked city in Mindanao. It is the third largest city in Northern Mindanao in terms of population, after Cagayan de Oro and Iligan respectively.

The city serves as the center of trade and commerce in the province of Bukidnon.

Carlos P. Garcia
Carlos Polestico Garcia KR (Tagalog: [ˈkaːɾ.los poˌlɛːs.tɪˈxo gɐɾˈsiː.ɐ]; November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971), often referred to by his initials CPG, was the eighth president of the Philippines, serving from 1957 to 1961. He served as the fourth Vice President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957.

A lawyer by profession, Garcia entered politics when he became the representative of Bohol’s 3rd district in the House of Representatives. He then served as a senator from 1945 to 1953.

He was the Nacionalista's nominee for vice president as the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the presidential election of 1953, which they won. After the death of Magsaysay in 1957, he succeeded to the presidency, winning a full term in his own right in the presidential election that same year. He was subsequently defeated by his vice president Diosdado Macapagal in the 1961 presidential election.
The Barber of Seville
The Barber of Seville, or The Useless Precaution (Italian: Il barbiere di Siviglia, ossia L'inutile precauzione [il barˈbjɛːre di siˈviʎʎa osˈsiːa liˈnuːtile prekautˈtsjoːne]) is an opera buffa (comic opera) in two acts composed by Gioachino Rossini with an Italian libretto by Cesare Sterbini. The libretto was based on Pierre Beaumarchais's French comedy The Barber of Seville (1775). The premiere of Rossini's opera (under the title Almaviva, o sia L'inutile precauzione) took place on 20 February 1816 at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, with designs by Angelo Toselli.

Rossini's Barber of Seville is considered to be one of the greatest masterpieces of comedy within music, and has been described as the opera buffa of all "opere buffe". After two centuries, it remains a popular work.

Transposition (music)
In music, transposition refers to the process or operation of moving a collection of notes (pitches or pitch classes) up or down in pitch by a constant interval.

The shifting of a melody, a harmonic progression or an entire musical piece to another key, while maintaining the same tone structure, i.e. the same succession of whole tones and semitones and remaining melodic intervals.

For example, a music transposer might transpose an entire piece of music into another key. Similarly, one might transpose a tone row or an unordered collection of pitches such as a chord so that it begins on another pitch.

The transposition of a set A by n semitones is designated by Tn(A), representing the addition (mod 12) of an integer n to each of the pitch class integers of the set A. Thus the set (A) consisting of 0–1–2 transposed by 5 semitones is 5–6–7 (T5(A)) since 0 + 5 = 5, 1 + 5 = 6, and 2 + 5 = 7.
Chicago Root Beer
Chicago Root Beer is a brand of root beer primarily available in the United States.

Chicago Root Beer is a caffeine free beverage and is manufactured in Chicago with pure cane sugar and water from local Lake Michigan. The Chicago skyline appears on the bottle's label.

The rights to the Chicago Root Beer brand are owned by Cool Mountain Beverages, Inc. Chicago Root Beer is distributed both regionally and nationally through franchisees across the U.S.

Chicago Root Beer is available in 12 oz. glass bottles, 5 gallon bag 'n box syrups and kegs.

Root beer
Root beer is a North American beverage traditionally made using the root bark of the sassafras tree Sassafras albidum or the sarsaparilla vine Smilax ornata (also used to make a soft drink called sarsaparilla) as the primary flavor. It started out as a type of small beer that was brewed. Today, root beer is usually a sweet, carbonated soft drink that is generally non-alcoholic and caffeine-free. It usually has a thick and foamy head.

Since safrole, a key component of sassafras, was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1960 due to its carcinogenicity, most commercial root beers have been flavored using artificial sassafras flavoring, but a few (e.g. Hansen's) used a safrole-free sassafras extract. There are many major root beer producers. A common use is to add vanilla ice cream to make a root beer float.
Diving at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Diving is one of the sports contested at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, to be held in Birmingham, England. The sport has been staged in all twenty-one previous editions of the Games thus far, and will be contested in England for the third time.

The competition is scheduled to take place between 4 and 8 August 2022, spread across twelve events, two more than in Gold Coast as mixed-sex 3 metre and 10 metre synchronised events are held for the first time. All individual events shall have preliminaries and finals, while synchronised events will be a straight final.

Diving at the Commonwealth Games
Diving is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the 1930 British Empire Games. It is an optional sport and may or may not be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the games.
Bottesford railway station
Bottesford railway station serves the village of Bottesford in Leicestershire, England. The station is 15 miles (24 km) east of Nottingham, on the lines to Grantham and Skegness. It is the least used station in Leicestershire.

Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway
The Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway was a British railway line, almost entirely within Leicestershire. Authorised by the same Act of Parliament, the Great Northern Railway Leicester Branch was built, branching from the Joint Line; on the same basis the Newark to Bottesford Line was built. The lines opened progressively between 1879 and 1883. The dominant traffic was iron ore, and the agricultural produce of the area served also generated considerable business. The passenger usage was never heavy, although some unusual through services were attempted at first.

The passenger service was withdrawn in 1953, although some residual workmen's services and summer holiday trains continued until 1964.
2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election
An indirect presidential election took place in Lebanon from 23 April 2014 until 31 October 2016. No candidate reached a two-thirds majority vote in the first round, and subsequent rounds failed to gain a quorum. Finally, in the second round of the forty-sixth session held on 31 October 2016, Michel Aoun, a member of parliament and formerly a disputed prime minister and acting president in a rival government near the end of the Lebanese Civil War, was elected with 83 votes by parliament. He took office the same day as the 13th President of Lebanon since independence in 1943.

Sethrida Geagea
Sethrida Tawk Geagea (Arabic: ستريدا طوق جعجع; born 31 May 1967),  is a Lebanese politician and MP since June 2005 from the Bcharri district. She is also a member of the executive committee of the Lebanese Forces, headed by her husband, Samir Geagea. She contributed greatly to the management of the Lebanese Forces Party whilst Samir Geagea was imprisoned between 1994 and 2005.
Jane Stanford
Jane Elizabeth Lathrop Stanford (August 25, 1828 – February 28, 1905) was an American philanthropist and co-founder in 1885 of Stanford University (opened 1891) with her husband Leland Stanford, in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who died of typhoid fever in 1884 at age 15.

After her husband's death in 1893, Jane Stanford funded and operated the university almost single-handedly until her unsolved murder by strychnine poisoning in 1905.

Jane Stanford was the eighth First Lady of California. Her husband served as governor from 10 January 1862 to 10 December 1863.

Strychnine
Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn, -nɪn/, STRIK-neen, -⁠nin, US chiefly /-naɪn/ -⁠nyne) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.
Anna Sandberg
Anna Linnea Sandberg (Swedish: [ˈânːa lɪˈnêːa ˈsânːdbærj]; born 23 May 2003) is a  Swedish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for English Women's Super League club Manchester United and the Sweden national team.

Women's FA Cup
The Women's FA Challenge Cup is the top annual cup tournament for women's clubs in English football. Founded in 1970, it has been named the WFA Cup, FA Women's Cup, and now Women's FA Cup (currently known as the Adobe Women's FA Cup for sponsorship reasons).

Designed as an equivalent to the FA Cup in men's football, the competition began in 1970–71 as the Mitre Challenge Trophy, organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). There were 71 entrants, including teams from Scotland and Wales.

The WFA ran the competition for the first 23 editions, during which time Southampton won the cup eight times. The Football Association (FA) began administering English women's football in mid-1993.

Arsenal holds the record for most titles overall, having won fourteen times. The current cup holders are Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United 3–0 in the 2025 final to win their sixth FA Cup title.
Nada Lake
Nada Lake is a freshwater reservoir lake located on the eastern slope of The Enchantments, in Chelan County, Washington.: 5  Self-issued Alpine Lakes Wilderness permits are required for transit within the Snow Lakes area.

Alpine Lakes Wilderness
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness is a large wilderness area spanning the Central Cascades of Washington state in the United States. The wilderness is located in parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Snoqualmie National Forest, and is approximately bounded by Interstate 90 and Snoqualmie Pass to the south and U.S. Route 2 and Stevens Pass to the north. The Alpine Lakes is the largest wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, counted at 414,161 acres (167,605 ha) following the 2014 expansion.
Craven Terrace
Craven Terrace is a historic apartment complex located at New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina. The complex was built in two stages in 1942 and 1953, and consists of 46 apartment buildings, a one-story brick community building (1942).  The buildings include elements of Colonial Revival and Moderne style design elements. The brickwork of the 1953 apartments and maintenance building are laid in six courses of stretchers to a course of Flemish bond. The complex was built as a low-income residential development for African American residents of New Bern and was funded by the United States Housing Authority.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

United States Housing Authority
The United States Housing Authority, or USHA, was a federal agency created during 1937 within the United States Department of the Interior by the Housing Act of 1937 as part of the New Deal.

It was designed to lend money to the states or communities for low-cost construction.
Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff (November 18, 1907 – November 19, 2005) was the President of the New York chapter of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party in the 1930s. In the 1990s Rieckehoff was among the protesters against the United States Navy's use of his birthplace, the island of Vieques, as a bombing range. He stood in front of the committee of the U.S. House of Representatives investigating the situation in Vieques and pleaded for the return of Vieques to the people of Puerto Rico.

Smith Act
The Alien Registration Act, popularly known as the Smith Act, 76th United States Congress, 3rd session, ch. 439, 54 Stat. 670, 18 U.S.C. § 2385 is a United States federal statute that was enacted on June 28, 1940. It set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government by force or violence, and required all foreigners over the age of 14 to register with the federal government.

Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation, including alleged communists and socialists. Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1957 reversed a number of convictions under the Act as being unconstitutional. The law has been amended several times.
Shadyantra Pariksha
Shadyantra Pariksha (Sanskrit: षड्यंत्र परीक्षा) was a higher examination system in ancient Mithila for testing knowledge of the scholars in the region. It was more tough level of examination than the Shalaka Pariksha.

Shastrartha
Shastrartha (Sanskrit: शास्त्रार्थ, romanized: śāstrārtha) is a type of intellectual debate prevalent in India. It was a kind of philosophical and religious debate in which scholars participated to reveal the inner meaning (अर्थ) of Hindu scriptures known as the shastras  (शास्त्र). There were three types of Shastrartha prevalent in India, namely, the Vadakatha (healthy discussions which targeted the truth), the Jalpakatha (where two contradictory interpretations contested with each other) and the Vitandakatha (which attacked the other views without establishing their own view). The Vada katha was done among the Guru and Shishya or among the people belonging to the same philosophical school. While the latter two were done among the people of different schools or with the antagonistic sects.  People vied with each other for winning the contest by showing their knowledge of the ancient scriptures.
Punt (boat)
A punt is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers and shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt; the punter propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. Punts were originally built as cargo boats and as platforms for fowling and for fishing, such as angling; whereas now punting is boating for pleasure.

The term punt also refers to smaller versions of regional types of long shore work boats, such as the Deal galley punt, a square-sterned, lapstrake open-boat rigged with a single dipping lugsail, used for salvage and rescue work off a beach. In coastal communities, punt refers to any small clinker-built, open-stem, general-purpose boat. In Canada, the term punt refers to any small, flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, regardless of navigational purpose, building material, or means of propulsion. In Australia, the term punt is used to refer to cable ferries. In Maine, Punt can be used interchangeably with dinghy.

Flat-bottomed boat
A flat-bottomed boat is a boat with a shallow draft, two-chined hull, which allows it to be used in shallow bodies of water, such as rivers, because it is less likely to ground.

The flat hull also makes the boat more stable in calm water, which is good for hunters and anglers. However this design becomes less stable in choppy water. This is because it causes the boat to travel on the water, instead of through it, as a boat with a rounded or V-shaped hull would.

Flat hulls are simple to construct, making them popular with boat-building hobbyists.

In Britain they came to popular notice during the planned French invasion of Britain in 1759, when a large-number of flat-bottomed boats were prepared by the French to ferry their invasion force across the channel and a number were destroyed during the British Raid on Le Havre. The flat-bottoms are mentioned in the song Heart of Oak written by David Garrick during 1759.
Agreeable subset
An agreeable subset is a subset of items that is considered, by all people in a certain group, to be at least as good as its complement. Finding a small agreeable subset is a problem in computational social choice.

An example situation in which this problem arises is when a family goes on a trip and has to decide which items to take. Since their car is limited in size, they cannot pick all items, so they have to agree on a subset of items which are most important. If they manage to find a subset of items such that all family members agree that it is at least as good as the subset of items remaining at home, then this subset is called agreeable.

Another use case is when the citizens in some city want to elect a committee from a given pool of candidates, such that all citizens agree that the subset of elected candidates is at least as good as the subset of non-elected ones. Subject to that, the committee size should be as small as possible.

Computational social choice
Computational social choice (COMSOC) is a field at the intersection of social choice theory, theoretical computer science, and the analysis of multi-agent systems. It consists of the analysis of problems arising from the aggregation of preferences of a group of agents from a computational perspective. In particular, computational social choice is concerned with the efficient computation of outcomes of voting rules, with the computational complexity of various forms of manipulation, and issues arising from the problem of representing and eliciting preferences in combinatorial settings.