hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Richard Goodnow
John Richard Goodnow (1906 – April 27, 1972) was a justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1952 to 1957.

Born in Jaffrey, New Hampshire, Goodnow received an undergraduate degree from Dartmouth College and a law degree from Harvard Law School.  Prior to becoming a judge, he was a Cheshire County attorney and city solicitor.

Governor Sherman Adams elevated Goodnow from the state superior court to the state supreme court on February 29, 1952.  After retiring, he became an attorney in Keene.

Sherman Adams
Llewelyn Sherman Adams (January 8, 1899 – October 27, 1986) was an American businessman and politician, best known as White House Chief of Staff for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the culmination of an 18-year political career that also included a stint as the 67th governor of New Hampshire. He lost his White House position in a scandal when he accepted an expensive vicuña coat.
Mehterçeşme
Mehterçeşme is a neighborhood in the Esenyurt District, on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey.

Its population is 36,880 (2018). Its surface area is  0.60461 square kilometers. The neighborhood has had one of the fastest-growing populations in the area.

It is bordered on the northeast by the Talatpaşa neighborhood, on the southeast by the Mehmet Akif Ersoy neighborhood, on the southwest by the Mevlana and Cumhuriyet neighborhoods, and on the northwest by the Yeşilkent neighborhood.

Esenyurt
Esenyurt (Turkish: [eˈsɛnjuɾt]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 43 km2, and its population is 983,571 (2022). Located in the European side of Istanbul, Esenyurt borders with Avcılar and Lake Küçükçekmece on the east, Büyükçekmece on the west, Başakşehir, Arnavutköy and TEM road on the north and Beylikdüzü and E-5 motorway on the south.

With the construction boom of large residential complexes in the area in the past few years, Esenyurt benefited from a major development. It now has four cultural centres, which are Esenyurt Cultural Centre, Saadetdere Cultural Centre, Yenikent Cultural Centre and Yunus Balta Cultural Centre. Four parks built in Esenyurt  (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Park, Şehitler Park, Gaziler Park and Kadir Topbaş Park) are also situated among the complexes.
Toroidal embedding
In algebraic geometry, a toroidal embedding is an open embedding of algebraic varieties that locally looks like the embedding of the open torus into a toric variety. The notion was introduced by Mumford to prove the existence of semistable reductions of algebraic varieties over one-dimensional bases.

Normal scheme
In algebraic geometry, an algebraic variety or scheme X  is normal if it is normal at every point, meaning that the local ring at the point is an integrally closed domain. An affine variety X (understood to be irreducible) is normal if and only if the ring O(X) of regular functions on X is an integrally closed domain. A variety X over a field is normal if and only if every finite birational morphism from any variety Y to X is an isomorphism.

Normal varieties were introduced by Zariski.
Freedom of the press in Laos
Laos has one of the most restrictive media environments in the world. In 2020, Reporters Without Borders ranked Laos 172 out of 179 on its annual Press Freedom Index, behind countries such as Cuba and Iran.

The Laotian government exerts almost total control over the press. Nearly all media organizations in Laos are government-owned and some Laotian journalists are party members attached to the government.

Constitution of Laos
The Constitution of Laos is the communist state constitution of Laos. It specifies the functions and powers of the systems of state organs of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and defines the rights and duties of citizens. The constitution was adopted on August 14, 1991, 16 years after the 1975 establishment of the Republic, a period during which the country functioned without a written constitution or published penal and criminal codes. The 1991 Constitution consisted of a Preamble and 80 Articles, and it legally established a set of authorities that resemble the traditional differentiation among executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Since the ratification of the 1991 Constitution, it has been amended three subsequent times in 2003, 2015 and 2025. The most recent series of amendments to the constitution were ratified on March 10th, 2025.
Edgar Morais
Edgar Morais (born 25 June 1989) is a Portuguese actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer. Edgar won the award for Best Actor at Prishtina International Film Festival and was nominated for a Portuguese Golden Globe (Portugal) for his performance in Albania's 95th Academy Awards submission A Cup of Coffee and New Shoes On (2022), for which he also received rave reviews from international press such as Variety and Screen International. His directorial works include Heatstroke and the award-winning We Won't Forget.

Sophia Awards
The Sophia Awards are the Portuguese cinematographic and film awards, assigned annually, which aim to recognize the best national productions. Its name was chosen in honor of the Portuguese poet and writer Sophia de Mello Breyner Andersen and also because "Sophia" is a classic Greek name which means "wisdom" .
Tyler Wilkerson
Tyler Wilkerson (born July 25, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Cocodrilos de Caracas of the Superliga Profesional de Baloncesto. He played college basketball at Marshall University.

National Basketball League (China)
The National Basketball League (simplified Chinese: 全国男子篮球联赛; traditional Chinese: 全國男子籃球聯賽; pinyin: Quánguó Nánzǐ Lánqiú Liánsài) is a professional basketball minor league in China, called the Chinese Basketball League (CBL) before 2006. It is commonly known as the NBL, and this name (spelled out in letters) is often used even in Chinese.

NBL is the second-tier league to the professional Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).
Turpilia gens
The gens Turpilia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens first came to prominence during the second century BC, with the dramatist Sextus Turpilius, and Titus Turpilius Silanus, one of the Roman commanders during the Jugurthine War.  The only member to attain the consulship was Lucius Turpilius Dexter, in 81 BC.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Canadian Vickers Vedette
The Canadian Vickers Vedette was the first aircraft designed and built in Canada to meet a specification for Canadian conditions. It was a single-engine biplane flying boat purchased to meet a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) demand for a smaller aircraft than the Vickers Viking with a much greater rate of climb, to be suitable for forestry survey and fire protection work. The type went on to have a long and distinguished career in civil operations in Canada. Most of the topographical maps in use in Canada today are based on photos taken from these aircraft.

Handley Page Limited
Handley Page Limited was a British aerospace manufacturer. Founded by Frederick Handley Page (later Sir Frederick) in 1909, it was the United Kingdom's first publicly traded aircraft manufacturing company. It went into voluntary liquidation and ceased to exist in 1970. The company, based at Radlett Aerodrome in Hertfordshire, was noted for its pioneering role in aviation history and for producing heavy bombers and large airliners.
USS LeRay Wilson
USS LeRay Wilson (DE-414) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy, in addition to other tasks as assigned, such as patrol or radar picket. Post-war she returned home with four battle stars to her credit.

John C. Butler-class destroyer escort
The John C. Butler class were destroyer escorts that originated during World War II. The lead ship was USS John C. Butler, commissioned on 31 March 1944. The class was also known as the WGT type from their Westinghouse geared turbine drive. Of the 293 ships originally planned, 206 were canceled in 1944 and a further four after being laid down; three were not completed until after the end of World War II.
Crusaders of Might and Magic
Crusaders of Might and Magic is a 1999 third-person action/RPG video game developed and published by 3DO's Austin, Texas studio (PlayStation) and Redwood Shores studio (PC). Different versions of the game were released for both Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation.

Necromancy
Necromancy (/ˈnɛkrəmænsi/) is the practice of magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions for the purpose of divination; imparting the means to foretell future events and discover hidden knowledge. Sometimes categorized under death magic, the term is occasionally also used in a more general sense to refer to black magic or witchcraft as a whole.
Worlaby
Worlaby is a village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) south-west from Barton-Upon-Humber and 5 miles (8 km) north-east from Brigg. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 547. It lies on the B1204, and to the east of the River Ancholme. It is one of the five Low Villages – South Ferriby, Horkstow, Saxby All Saints, Bonby, and Worlaby – between Brigg and the Humber estuary, named so because of their position below the northern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds. Worlaby was part of the Glanford district, a part of the former county of Humberside between 1974 and 1996. Before that it was in the North Lindsey division of Lindsey, Lincolnshire.

Brigg
Brigg (/'brɪg/) is a market town and civil parish in the North Lincolnshire district, in Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 5,076 in the 2001 UK census, the population increased to 5,626 at the 2011 census.  The town lies at the junction of the River Ancholme and east–west transport routes across northern Lincolnshire. As a formerly important local centre, the town's full name of Glanford Brigg is reflected in the surrounding area and local government district of the same name. The town's urban area includes the neighbouring hamlet of Scawby Brook.
Jach'a Pata
Jach'a Pata (Aymara jach'a big, pata step,  "big step", Hispanicized spelling Jachcha Pata) is a 5,424-metre-high (17,795 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Jach'a Pata lies south of Jisk'a Pata, west of Janq'u Uyu, north of Wila Lluxi and north-east of Warawarani.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
2007 Women's Hockey Asia Cup
The 2007 Women's Hockey Asia Cup was the sixth tournament of the Women's Hockey Asia Cup. It was held in Hong Kong from 1 September to 9 September 2007.

Japan defeated South Korea to win the title. While China took third place after beating India.

Women's Hockey Asia Cup
The Women's Hockey Asia Cup is a women's international field hockey tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and qualifies for the FIH Hockey World Cup.

Japan are the defending champions winning the 2022 edition. South Korea and Japan  have won the most titles with three each. India and China are the next with two titles won each.

The hosts together with six highest-ranked teams from the previous edition are qualified directly for the tournament, they are joined by the top team from the Women's AHF Cup or the top two teams, if the host is already qualified.
Tulivu-Donna Cumberbatch
Tulivu-Donna Lynn Cumberbatch (July 28, 1950 - 
January 17, 2022) was an American jazz singer. Her African name "Tulivu" translates from Swahili loosely to "beautiful," and her middle  name, "Donna Lynn" is derived from "Donna Lee," the jazz piece made popular by Charlie Parker. Her father, Harold Cumberbatch, was a baritone saxophone player.

Charlie Parker
Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary rhythmic and harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker primarily played the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer.
Olisipo
Municipium Cives Romanorum Felicitas Julia Olisipo (in Latin: Olisippo or Ulyssippo ; in Greek: Ὀλισσιπών, Olissipṓn, or Ὀλισσιπόνα, Olissipóna) was the ancient name of modern-day Lisbon while it was part of the Roman Empire.

Cassia gens
The gens Cassia was a Roman family of great antiquity.  The earliest members of this gens appearing in history may have been patrician, but all those appearing in later times were plebeians.  The first of the Cassii to obtain the consulship was Spurius Cassius Vecellinus, in 502 BC.  He proposed the first agrarian law, for which he was charged with aspiring to make himself king, and put to death by the patrician nobility.  The Cassii were amongst the most prominent families of the later Republic, and they frequently held high office, lasting well into imperial times.  Among their namesakes are the Via Cassia, the road to Arretium, and the village of Cassianum Hirpinum, originally an estate belonging to one of this family in the country of the Hirpini.

Their most famous member is Gaius Cassius Longinus, an assassin of Julius Caesar alongside Brutus.
Ductuli aberrantes
Ductuli aberrantes are two long narrow tubes, the ductulus aberrans inferior  and the ductulus aberrans superior. The ductulus aberrant inferior (vas aberrans of Haller), is occasionally found connected with the lower part of the canal of the epididymis, or with the commencement of the vas deferens.

Its length varies from 3.5 to 35 cm. , and it may become dilated toward its extremity; more commonly, it retains the same diameter throughout.

Its structure is similar to that of the ductus deferens.

Occasionally, it is found unconnected with the epididymis.

A second tube, the ductulus aberrans superior, occurs in the head of the epididymis; it is connected with the rete testis.

Vas deferens
The vas deferens (pl.: vasa deferentia), ductus deferens (pl.: ductūs deferentes), or sperm duct is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates. In mammals, spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules and flow into the epididymal duct. The end of the epididymis is connected to the vas deferens. The vas deferens ends with an opening into the ejaculatory duct at a point where the duct of the seminal vesicle also joins the ejaculatory duct.
The vas deferens is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Archicebus
Archicebus is a genus of fossil primates that lived in the early Eocene forests (~55.8–54.8 million years ago) of what is now Jingzhou in the Hubei Province in central China, discovered in 2013. The only known species, A. achilles, was a small primate, estimated to weigh about 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 oz), and is the only known member of the family Archicebidae. When discovered, it was the oldest fossil haplorhine primate skeleton found, appearing to be most closely related to tarsiers and the fossil omomyids, although A. achilles is suggested to have been diurnal, whereas tarsiers are nocturnal. Resembling tarsiers and simians (monkeys and apes), it was a haplorhine primate, and it also may have resembled the last common ancestor of all haplorhines.

Tarsier
Tarsiers (/ˈtɑːrsiərz/ TAR-see-ərz) are haplorhine primates of the family Tarsiidae, which is the lone extant family within the infraorder Tarsiiformes. Although the group was prehistorically more globally widespread, all of the existing species are restricted to Maritime Southeast Asia, predominantly in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.

They are found primarily in forested habitats, especially forests that have liana, since the vine gives tarsiers vertical support when climbing trees.
Plectorhinchus
Plectorhinchus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae which also includes the grunts. The species in this genus are found in fresh, brackish, and salt waters.

Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides
Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides, the harlequin sweetlips, clown sweetlips, spotted sweetlips or many-spotted sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. This species is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade.
Marie-Louise Ledru
Marie-Louise Ledru was a French athlete who has been credited as the first woman to race the now-defined marathon distance of 42.195 km. On 29 September 1918 Ledru reportedly completed the Tour de Paris Marathon in a time of 5 hours and 40 minutes and finished in 38th place.

The International Association of Athletics Federations, the international governing body for the sport of athletics, however, recognizes Violet Piercy from England as having set the first women's world best in the marathon on 3 October 1926 with a time of 3:40:22.

Violet Piercy
Violet Stewart Louisa Piercy (24 December 1889 –  11 April 1972) was an English long-distance runner who is recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations as having set the first women's world best in the marathon on 3 October 1926 with a time of 3:40:22.
 Piercy was reported to have run unofficially and her mark was set on the Polytechnic Marathon course between Windsor and London.
Koposov 1
Koposov 1 is a low-luminosity globular cluster in the constellation Virgo in the halo of the Milky Way galaxy. It was discovered, along with globular cluster Koposov 2 by S. Koposov et al. in 2007. Koposov 1 and Koposov 2 were described by their discoverers as the "lowest luminosity globular clusters orbiting the Milky Way," along with AM 4, Palomar 1, and Whiting 1.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
9th General Junta of the Principality of Asturias
The 9th General Junta was the meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional snap election held on 25 March 2012. The congress met for the first time on 27 April 2012.

Asturian Socialist Federation
The Asturian Socialist Federation (Spanish and Asturian: Federación Socialista Asturiana), often shortened to FSA–PSOE, is the regional section of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the Principality of Asturias. It was formed on 27 January 1901 from the Socialist local groupings of Gijón (formed in 1891), Oviedo (1892), Mieres and Langreo (1897) and others.

Since the Spanish transition to democracy started in 1975 and since the establishment of the Spanish "State of Autonomies" in 1983, the FSA–PSOE has governed Asturias nearly uninterruptedly from 1983 to 1995, from 1999 to 2011 and again since 2012.
Minthi
Minthi (Greek: Μίνθη, before 1927: Άλβενα - Alvena) is a mountain village and a community in the municipality of Zacharo, Elis, Greece. The community includes the village Kotroni. It is situated at 760 m elevation on the northern slope of the mountain Minthi (after which it was named), 5 km south of Platiana, 12 km west of Andritsaina and 10 km east of Zacharo. The area of the community is 16,500 hectares.

Andritsaina
Andritsaina (Greek: Ανδρίτσαινα) is a village, a community and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Andritsaina-Krestena, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 131.247 km2.
2012–13 Ryobi One-Day Cup
The 2012–13 Ryobi One Day Cup was the 43rd season of official List A domestic cricket in Australia. The competition had the same format as the previous season.

The 2012–13 competition was won by the Queensland Bulls. The final was reduced to 32 overs due to rain, with Queensland defeating Victoria by 2 runs. The win was Queensland's first since the 2008–09 season.

2011–12 Ryobi One-Day Cup
The 2011–12 Ryobi One-Day Cup was the 42nd season of official List A domestic cricket in Australia.

The season's format reverted to the 50-overs a side format, with Cricket Australia acknowledging the ICC's
commitment to 50-over cricket and the 2015 ICC World Cup most likely be staged as a 50-over
tournament. Unlike previous
seasons, the competition was not a "complete double round robin", and each state played eight preliminary matches instead of ten.

The 2011–12 competition was won by the South Australian Redbacks. The
final's result was a tie, but the Redbacks had gained a "bonus point" in the round robin series that put them ahead of the
Tasmanian Tigers.
The win was South Australia's first One-day domestic title in 25 years.