hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northern Catalan
Northern Catalan (Catalan: català septentrional), also known as Roussillonese (rossellonès), is a Catalan dialect mostly spoken in Northern Catalonia (roughly corresponding with the region of Roussillon), but also extending in the northeast part of Southern Catalonia in a transition zone with Central Catalan. All speakers of Catalan from North Catalonia are at least natively bilingual with French.

Roussillon
Roussillon (UK: /ˈruːsijɒn/ ROO-see-yon, US: /ˌruːsiˈjoʊn/ ROO-see-YOHN, French: [ʁusijɔ̃] ⓘ; Catalan: Rosselló [rusəˈʎo] ⓘ, locally [rusiˈʎu]; Occitan: Rosselhon [ruseˈʎu]) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is part of the region of Northern Catalonia or French Catalonia (the former used by Catalan-speakers and the latter used by French-speakers), corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (with Roussillon, Upper Cerdagne, Capcir, Vallespir, Conflent, and Fenouillèdes) in the former region of Languedoc-Roussillon (today Occitanie).
Brenda Russell (album)
Brenda Russell is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Brenda Russell, released on 25 July 1979 by A&M Records on the Horizon label. The album peaked at No. 20 on the Billboard R&B albums chart.

Rufus (band)
Rufus was an American funk band from Chicago best known for launching the career of lead singer Chaka Khan. They had several hits during their career, including "Tell Me Something Good", "Sweet Thing", "Do You Love What You Feel", and "Ain't Nobody". Rufus and Chaka Khan were one of the most popular and influential funk bands of the 1970s; they had four consecutive number-one R&B albums, ten top 40 pop hits, and five number-one R&B singles among other accolades.
Chan Varyam
Chan Varyam (Punjabi: چن ور یأم) is a 1981 Punjabi-language Pakistani action film. Directed by Jahangir Qaisar and produced by Mohammad Sarwar Bhatti, the film stars Sultan Rahi, Anjuman, Iqbal Hassan, Mustafa Qureshi, Afzaal Ahmed, Humayun Qureshi and Mehboob Alam.

Mustafa Qureshi
Mustafa Qureshi (born 11 May 1938) is a Pakistani film and television actor.

He has acted in more than 600 movies, in Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi languages.

He is best remembered for playing the antagonist Noori Natt in Maula Jatt (1979).

He was born into a Sindhi family despite his later work mainly in Punjabi cinema.

Qureshi won Nigar Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Lal Aandhi (1979). He then won his first Nigar Award for Best Actor for 1981 film Sher Khan. He won his third Nigar Award and second in best actor category for his role in Rustam Te Khan (1983).

He was awarded Pride of Performance in 1988.

He has voiced Germander in the Commander Safeguard animated series.
(175706) 1996 FG3
(175706) 1996 FG3 is a carbonaceous asteroid and binary system, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 1.7 kilometers (1.1 miles) in diameter. The primary has a spheroidal shape. Its minor-planet moon measures approximately 490 meters (1,600 feet) in diameter.

It was discovered on 24 March 1996, by Australian astronomer Robert McNaught at Siding Spring Observatory in New South Wales, Australia. The asteroid was a target of NASA's Janus Serenity space probe, until the delay of the rocket launch made the target inaccessible. In 2017, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Purple Mountain Observatory revealed a plan to land a probe on this asteroid in 2029, as part of an asteroid exploration mission.

Robert H. McNaught
Robert H. McNaught (born in Scotland in 1956) is a Scottish-Australian astronomer at the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the Australian National University (ANU). He has collaborated with David J. Asher of the Armagh Observatory.

The inner main-belt asteroid 3173 McNaught, discovered by Edward Bowell at Anderson Mesa Station in 1981, was named after him by its discoverer, following a suggestion by David Seargent.
VAXstation
The VAXstation is a discontinued family of workstation computers developed and manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation using processors implementing the VAX instruction set architecture. VAXstation systems were typically shipped with either the OpenVMS or ULTRIX operating systems. Many members of the VAXstation family had corresponding MicroVAX variants, which primarily differ by the lack of graphics hardware.

CVAX
The CVAX is a microprocessor chipset developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) that implemented the VAX instruction set architecture (ISA). The chipset consisted of the CVAX 78034 CPU, CFPA floating-point accelerator, CVAX clock chip, and the associated support chips, the CVAX System Support Chip (CSSC), CVAX Memory Controller (CMCTL), and CVAX Q-Bus Interface Chip (CQBIC).
Miss Grand Laos 2023
Miss Grand Laos 2023 (Lao: ມີສແກຣນລາວ 2023) was the fourth edition of the Miss Grand Laos beauty pageant, held on July 29, 2023, at the National Convention Center (NCC), Vientiane. Eighteen candidates, who have qualified for the national pageant through an online profile screening performed in March, of whom the representative of Vientiane Prefecture, Phetmany Philakhong, was announced the winner and was crowned by Miss Grand Laos 2022, Phoutsavanh Vongkhamxao of Vientiane, as her successor.

Philakhong later represented Laos in the international parent stage, Miss Grand International 2023, held in Vietnam on October 25 that year, and was placed among the top 20 finalists.

Miss Grand International 2023
Miss Grand International 2023 was the 11th Miss Grand International pageant, held at the Phú Thọ Indoor Stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on 25 October 2023.

At the end of the event, Isabella Menin of Brazil crowned Luciana Fuster of Peru as Miss Grand International 2023, marking the country's second victory in the pageant's history.

Contestants from sixty-nine countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant's grand final round was hosted by Thai television personality Matthew Deane, and featured a live performance by Miss Grand International 2022 first runner-up, Engfa Waraha.
Mikhail Mashkovsky
Mikhail Davydovich Mashkovsky (Russian: Михаил Давыдович Машковский; 1 March 1908, Pinsk – 4 June 2002, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian pharmacologist, and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author of the famous Soviet and later on Russian pharmacopoeia "Medical compounds", which had 15 successful editions (the last 15th edition was published after his death in 2005 in Russia).

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II. After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Government applied the term "Great Patriotic War" to the war.
Big Bar Ferry
Big Bar Ferry is a cable ferry across the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada. It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the town of Lillooet and 72 kilometres (45 mi) west of Clinton.  6 km upstream from the ferry is French Bar Canyon (sometimes known as Big Bar Canyon), while downstream is High Bar Canyon (the ferry is located at one of the few places possible for a river crossing accessible by road from both sides in this area).
The ferry connects the dirt ranch road up the west side of the Fraser from Lillooet to Big Bar and Kostering, which connect via road to Jesmond and Big Bar Lake, and beyond to BC Highway 97.

French Bar Canyon
French Bar Canyon is a canyon on the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada, near Big Bar and Jesmond, and approximately 60 km upstream from Lillooet.

The canyon is also the site of a June 2019 landslide that blocked the passage of spawning salmon.
Contamination (textual criticism)
In textual criticism, contamination refers to the phenomenon in which a manuscript or witness incorporates readings from multiple source texts, rather than following a single line of transmission. This undermines models that assume a single line of descent and complicates efforts to reconstruct an archetype.

German classical philologist Paul Maas warned that there is "no remedy against contamination." Since the late twentieth century, editors have treated contamination as common across Greco‑Roman, biblical, medieval, and non‑Western traditions, and they have adopted network or local geneaological models that can register intersecting lines of descent.

In New Testament studies the phenomenon is often called mixture. The development of phylogenetic and coherence‑based approaches has provided practical strategies for analyzing contamination without assuming a single global stemma.

Brooke Foss Westcott
Brooke Foss Westcott (12 January 1825 – 27 July 1901) was an English bishop, biblical scholar and theologian, serving as Bishop of Durham from 1890 until his death. He is perhaps most known for co-editing The New Testament in the Original Greek in 1881.  He was an enthusiastic supporter of the British Empire.
Gioia (Milan Metro)
Gioia is a station on Line 2 of the Milan Metro. The station was opened on 21 July 1971 as part of the extension from Centrale to Garibaldi FS.

The station is located between Via Melchiorre Gioia and Via Giovanni Battista Pirelli, within the territory of the municipality of Milan. It is also the focus of the Management Center of Milan.

This is an underground station, with two tracks in two separate tunnels.

Centrale (Milan Metro)
Centrale FS is a station on Lines 2 and 3 of the Milan Metro in Milan, Italy. The Line 2 station was opened on 27 April 1970 as a one-station extension from Caiazzo. On 21 July 1971, the line was extended to Garibaldi FS. The Line 3 station was opened on 1 May 1990 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Duomo and Centrale. Initially, Duomo was connected with Centrale by shuttle service, and on 16 December 1990, with the extension of the line to Porta Romana, full-scale service started. The station remained the terminus of Line 3 until 12 May 1991, when Sondrio was opened.

The station is located just under the Milano Centrale railway station. The station is underground with two tracks in a single tunnel both for Line 3 and Line 2, Line 2 running deeper than Line 3. The station also serves the Pirelli Tower.
Musée du Désert
Le Musée du Désert is a museum dedicated to the history of Protestantism in France, particularly in the Cévennes. Its name refers to the Désert, the period between the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the Edict of Versailles (1685–1787) during which Protestantism was illegal in France.

The museum, formerly the house of the Camisard leader, Roland Laporte, is situated at Mas Soubeyran, in the commune of Mialet, département Gard, not far from Alès and Nîmes. Amid typically Cévenol settings, it presents documents and artifacts of the period, such as the preaching chairs used by the pastors, designed to be easily hidden and transported. It is open from March 1 to November 30.

Edict of Fontainebleau
The Edict of Fontainebleau (18 October 1685, published 22 October 1685), also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, was an edict issued by King Louis XIV of France, repealing the rights freedoms afforded to the Huguenots. The Edict of Nantes (1598) had granted Huguenots (French Calvinism Protestants) the right to practice their religion without state persecution. Protestants had lost their independence in places of refuge under Cardinal Richelieu on account of their supposed insubordination, but they continued to live in comparative security and political ease prior to the edict. From the outset, religious tolerance in France had been a royal, rather than popular, policy. However, the lack of universal adherence to Roman Catholicism was incompatible with Louis XIV's vision of a perfect autocracy, and through successive efforts, the Huguenots were left disenfranchised of their religious institutions and rits.
BenQ-Siemens EL71
The BenQ-Siemens EL71 is a slider-type GSM triband mobile phone had been developed before by Siemens Mobile and released by BenQ Mobile. It has a sleek design with brushed magnesium and aluminium alloys. The phone was introduced at CEBIT in March 2006.

The phone supports GPRS, EDGE and Internet access methods. Its dimensions are 90 mm × 46 mm × 17 mm, and it weighs 94 grams. The supplied battery has a capacity of 570 mAh and can last up to 300 hours in standby mode, or 300 minutes if the phone is used for calls. Other notable features of the phone include a QVGA display, Bluetooth, a Java virtual machine and 1.3 megapixel camera with LED flash.

Siemens Mobile
Siemens Mobile was a German mobile phone manufacturer and a division of Siemens AG. Siemens sold Siemens Mobile to the Taiwan-based BenQ in 2005, subsequently becoming BenQ-Siemens and succeeded by Gigaset. The last Siemens-branded mobile phones, the AL21, A31 and AF51, were released in November 2005.
Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Mixed 50 metre pistol
The mixed (or "open") ISSF 50 meter pistol was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 18 July 1976 at the shooting ranges in Montreal. 47 shooters from 31 nations competed. Nations had been limited to two shooters each since the 1952 Games. The event was won by Uwe Potteck, with East Germany finishing 1–2 as Harald Vollmar took silver. It was East Germany's first victory in the event. Rudolf Dollinger of Austria repeated as bronze medalist. Vollmar (the 1968 bronze winner) and Dollinger were the fifth and sixth men to win multiple medals in the free pistol. Potteck had only begun the sport 23 months prior to his victory and his previous personal best in domestic competitions was a 568. In addition, his practice scores leading up to the games averaged around 563 to 565.

Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal comprised seven events, all mixed. For the first time ever, a woman won an Olympic medal in shooting: Margaret Murdock received silver in the three positions event. Lanny Bassham and Murdock tied for first place, but Murdock was placed second after review of the targets. Bassham suggested that two gold medals be given, and after this request was declined, asked Murdock to share the top step with him at the award ceremony. Women had no separate shooting events at the time and were allowed to compete with men. Murdock became the first woman to win an Olympic medal in shooting.
Torgeir Flatmark
Torgeir Flatmark (21 September 1931 – 22 May 2020) was a Norwegian biochemist.

He grew up in Dovre Municipality in Gudbrandsdal, Norway. He took his cand.med. degree at the University of Oslo in 1957 and his dr.med. degree at the same university in 1967. He was an associate professor at the University of Bergen from 1967, then docent and from 1974 professor.

He chaired the Norwegian Biochemical Society from 1980 to 1982 and was a delegate to the Federation of European Biochemical Societies from 1982 to 1990. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1999.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Aylesbury Vale District Council elections
Aylesbury Vale District Council was the council for the non-metropolitan district of Aylesbury Vale in Buckinghamshire, England, which existed as a local government area from 1974 to 2020. The council was elected every four years from 1973 until 2015, with the last by-election for a vacant council position held on 7 March 2019. At the time of its abolition, the council had 59 councillors, elected from 33 wards.

2015 Aylesbury Vale District Council election
The 2015 Aylesbury Vale District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Aylesbury Vale District Council in Buckinghamshire, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 2011. The Conservative Party remained in overall control of the council.
Barnsbury (ward)
Barnsbury is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Islington. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns three councillors to Islington London Borough Council.

London Borough of Islington
The London Borough of Islington (/ˈɪzlɪŋtən/ ⓘ IZ-ling-tən) is a borough in North London, England. Forming part of Inner London, Islington has an estimated population of 215,667. It was formed in 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, by the amalgamation of the metropolitan boroughs of Islington and Finsbury.

The new entity remains the second smallest borough in London and the third-smallest district in England. The borough contains two Westminster parliamentary constituencies; Islington North, represented by former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, and Islington South & Finsbury represented by Labour MP Emily Thornberry. The local authority is Islington Council. The borough is home to football club Arsenal, one of the Premier League clubs in England, and its home Emirates Stadium.
Audrey Butt Colson
Audrey Joan Butt Colson (born 15 March 1926), is a social anthropologist with a particular interest in the Amerindian peoples of Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela. She was, together with Peter Rivière, one of the pioneers of Amazonian anthropology at the University of Oxford.

Part of the permanent endowment of the University of Oxford is a fund to support South American Amerindian Studies known as the Butt Colson Amerindian Studies Bequest.

Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI) is the principal journal of the oldest anthropological organization in the world, the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Articles, at the forefront of the discipline, range across the full spectrum of anthropology, embracing all fields and areas of inquiry – from sociocultural, biological, and archaeological, to medical, material and visual. The JRAI is also acclaimed for its extensive book review section, and it publishes a bibliography of books received.
Minister for Planning and Public Spaces
The New South Wales Minister for Planning and Public Spaces is a minister in the Government of New South Wales with responsibility for regional and urban planning with the goal of facilitating sustainable growth and employment in New South Wales, Australia.

The minister administers the portfolio through the Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure, a department of the Government of New South Wales, and additional agencies.

The minister is supported in the administration of the Department by the following ministers:

Minister for Lands and Property

Minister for Local Government

Minister for Housing

Attorney General

Minister for Western Sydney

Ultimately the ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.

Minister for Local Government (New South Wales)
The Minister for Local Government, currently held since 5 April 2023 by Ron Hoenig, is a minister in the New South Wales Government and has responsibilities which includes all local government areas and related legislation in New South Wales, the most primary of which is the Local Government Act 1993. The minister administers the portfolio through the Planning and Environment cluster, in particular through the Office of Local Government, and a range of other government agencies. The minister assists the senior cluster minister, the Minister for Climate Change, the Environment, and Heritage. Both ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
C Velorum
The Bayer designations c Velorum and C Velorum are distinct. Due to technical limitations, both designations link here. For the star

c Velorum, see HD 78004 (HR 3614)

C Velorum, see HD 73155 (HR 3407)

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Title 35 of the United States Code
Title 35 of the United States Code is a title of United States Code regarding patent law. The sections of Title 35 govern all aspects of patent law in the United States. There are currently 37 chapters, which include 376 sections (149 of which are used), in Title 35.

Federally recognized forms of intellectual property are scattered throughout the United States Code. Copyrights are covered under Title 17. Trademark and unfair competition law is defined in Chapter 22 of Title 15. Trade Secrets law, another form of intellectual property, is defined in Title 18.

Title 35 has four parts, which are delved into further later in the article:

Part I—United States Patent and Trademark Office

Part II—Patentability of Inventions and Grant of Patents

Part III—Patents and Protection of Patent Rights

Part IV—Patent Cooperation Treaty

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
Earl Fitzwilliam (1786 EIC ship)
Earl Fitzwilliam was launched in 1786 at Deptford. She made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). She made four complete voyages for the EIC, three to India and one to India and China. She caught fire on 23 February 1799 on her fifth voyage while she was in the River Ganges.

Sagar Island
21°39′10″N 88°04′31″E﻿ / ﻿21.6528°N 88.0753°E﻿ / 21.6528; 88.0753

Sagar Island is an island in the Ganges delta, lying on the continental shelf of Bay of Bengal about 100 km (54 nautical miles) south of Kolkata. This island forms the Sagar CD Block in Kakdwip subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal. Although Sagar Island is a part of Sundarbans, it does not have any tiger habitation or mangrove forests or small river tributaries as is characteristic of the overall Sundarban delta. This island is a place of Hindu pilgrimage. Every year on the day of Makar Sankranti (14 January), hundreds of thousands of Hindus gather to take a holy dip at the confluence of river Ganges and Bay of Bengal and offer prayers (puja) in the Kapil Muni Temple. Kolkata Port Trust has a pilot station and a light house.
Pinara divisa
Pinara divisa, the common pinara, is a species of moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It was first described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in the south-east quarter of Australia.

The wingspan is about 40 mm.

The larvae feed on eucalyptus species.

Lasiocampidae
The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occur worldwide, and probably not all have been named or studied. It is the sole family in superfamily Lasiocampoidea.