hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ADA (buffer)
ADA is a zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent; one of Good's buffers. It has a useful pH range of 6.0-7.2 in the physiological range, making it useful for cell culture work. It has a pKa of 6.6 with ΔpKa/°C of -0.011 and is most often prepared in 1 M NaOH where it has a solubility of 160 mg/mL.

ADA has been used in protein-free media for chicken embryo fibroblasts, as a chelating agent for H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and for isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. Its effects on dog kidney Na+/K+-ATPase and rat brain GABA receptors have also been studied. ADA does, however, alter coloring in bicinchoninic acid assays.

Zwitterion
In chemistry, a zwitterion (/ˈtsvɪtərˌaɪɔːn/ TSVIT-ər-EYE-awn; from German  Zwitter [ˈtsvɪtɐ] 'hermaphrodite'), also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.
(1,2-dipolar compounds, such as ylides, are sometimes excluded from the definition.)

Some zwitterions, such as amino acid zwitterions, are in chemical equilibrium with an uncharged "parent" molecule. Betaines are zwitterions that cannot isomerize to an all-neutral form, such as when the positive charge is located on a quaternary ammonium group. Similarly, a molecule containing a phosphonium group and a carboxylate group cannot isomerize.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the 17 U.S. representatives from the State of Pennsylvania, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. Primary elections will be held on May 19, 2026.

2026 United States House of Representatives elections
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections are scheduled to be held on Tuesday, November 3, 2026, as part of the 2026 midterm elections during President Donald Trump's second, non-consecutive term. Voters will elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states, and five of the six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories.

Special elections may also be held on dates throughout 2026. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including elections to the Senate, will be held on this date. The winners of this election will serve in the 120th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2020 United States census and revised district maps as a result of the 2025–2026 United States redistricting.
The Nth Degree (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"The Nth Degree" is the 93rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 19th episode of the fourth season. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. Rob Legato directed and oversaw visual effects for the episode. He created a 3-D effect where the Cytherian's huge head appears to pop out of the screen, allowing him to have a face-to-face conversation with Picard.

Keith DeCandido
Keith Robert Andreassi DeCandido (born April 18, 1969) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer, martial artist, and musician, who works on comic books, novels, role-playing games and video games, including numerous media tie-in books for properties such as Star Trek, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Doctor Who, Supernatural, Andromeda, Farscape, Leverage, Spider-Man, X-Men, Sleepy Hollow, and Stargate SG-1.
Nick Wirth
Nicholas John Peter Wirth (born 26 March 1966) is an automotive engineer and the founder and owner of Wirth Research.

He is also the former owner of the Simtek Formula One team, a former aerodynamicist at March and former technical director at the Benetton, and Virgin Racing teams.

Benetton Formula
Benetton Formula Limited., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores. In 2000, the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002, the team became Renault. The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998.
2015 Hong Kong Community Cup
The 2015 Hong Kong Community Cup was the 2nd Hong Kong Community Cup, an annual Hong Kong football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and Season play-offs. The match was contested by Kitchee, the 2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League winners, and South China, champions of the 2014–15 Hong Kong season play-off. It was held at Mong Kok Stadium on 20 September 2015.

Hong Kong Community Cup
Hong Kong Community Cup (Chinese: 香港社區盃), formerly known as Hong Kong Community Shield  (Chinese: 香港慈善盾), was a football super cup competition in Hong Kong played between the winners of the Hong Kong Premier League (previously the Hong Kong First Division League) and the Hong Kong FA Cup (previously the Hong Kong season play-offs). If the Premier League champions also won the FA Cup title, the FA Cup runners-up would be qualified for the Community Cup.
2019 Grambling State Tigers football team
The 2019 Grambling State Tigers football team represented Grambling State University in the 2019 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Tigers were led by sixth-year head coach Broderick Fobbs and played their home games at Eddie Robinson Stadium in Grambling, Louisiana as members of the West Division of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).

Eddie G. Robinson Memorial Stadium
Eddie G. Robinson Memorial Stadium is a 19,600-seat multi-purpose stadium in Grambling, Louisiana. It opened in 1983 and is home to the Grambling State Tigers football team and Grambling High School Kittens football team.  The stadium is named in honor of famous Grambling State University head football coach, Eddie Robinson. It replaced Grambling Stadium. The stadium is oftentimes affectionately referred to as "The Hole" due to the topography of the stadium area.

In 2017, approximately $2 million worth of stadium upgrades were completed. Included in the upgrades were installing new artificial turf, a new larger scoreboard,  additional parking and additional tailgating areas.
Mahavanona
Mahavanona is a rural municipality in northern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antsiranana II, which is a part of Diana Region. It is situated at 20km from Diego Suarez (Antsiranana) on the Route nationale 6  to Anivorano Nord and Ambilobe. This town the located at the Besokatra River.

In 2018 it had a population of 14235.

Junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 52% of the population are farmers, while an additional 46% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are bananas and maize.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 1% of the population.

Anivorano Nord
Anivorano Nord or Anivorano Avaratra is a municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antsiranana II, which is a part of Diana Region.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. It is also a site of industrial-scale mining. The majority 99% of the population are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanut and maize.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population.
Henri Legrand du Saulle
Henri Legrand du Saulle (Dijon, 16 April 1830 – Paris, 5 May 1886) was a French psychiatrist.

As a young man he worked as an assistant to Bénédict Morel (1809–1873) at Saint-Yon, and also served under Louis-Florentin Calmeil (1798–1895) at the Charenton Asylum. In 1856 became a doctor to the medical faculty in Paris. Later on, he was appointed physician at the Bicêtre Hospital (replacing Prosper Lucas 1805–1885), and in 1879 succeeded Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893) as chief physician in the department for epileptics at Salpêtrière Hospital. During his career he was also associated with the Prefecture of Police, serving from 1863 as médecin-adjoint to Charles Lasègue (1816–1883).

He is known for his studies on personality disorders, particularly pioneer work involving phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders. He also performed extensive work in forensic psychiatry, being interested with the medical-judicial aspects of psychopathology.

Charles Lasègue
Ernest-Charles Lasègue (5 September 1816 – 20 March 1883) was a French physician that released over one hundred scientific papers. He became recognized in the mid-19th century from his work in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. He published many of his works in a journal called Archives Générales de Médecine (Archives of General Medicine), in which he was an editor. A few of his major contributions consisted of his work with delusions of persecutions, a concept coined "folie à deux," and his description of hysterical anorexia. Aside from his publications, he worked various jobs before becoming the Chair of Clinical Medicine at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital. He remained positioned there until dying at the age of 66 due to complications from diabetes.
Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
The Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, colloquially referred to as BPI, Poly, and The Institute, is a US public high school  founded in 1883. Established as an all-male manual trade / vocational high school by the Baltimore City Council and the Baltimore City Public Schools, it is now a coeducational academic institution since 1974, that emphasizes sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics ("STEM"). It is located on a 53-acre (21 ha) tract of land in North Baltimore on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream (running north to south). B.P.I. and the adjacent still all-girls population of the Western High School are located on the same huge joint campus at the northwest corner of West Cold Spring Lane and Falls Road.

Camden Yards Sports Complex
The Camden Yards Sports Complex is located in the center of Baltimore, Maryland. The complex is composed of multiple buildings and stadiums including Oriole Park at Camden Yards and M&T Bank Stadium. The two stadiums are home to the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League, respectively. The Babe Ruth Birthplace and Museum is located approximately two blocks from the main entrance of Camden Yards at Eutaw Street. The complex also features the original Camden Station which formerly housed the Sports Legends Museum at Camden Yards and Geppi's Entertainment Museum. In addition to the sports facilities, it is also a location for community events such as the Dew Tour's Panasonic Open in June 2007 and 2008, the Baltimore Marathon, and the African American Festival which is held every year.
Near North Historic District
The Near North Historic District is a national historic district in Waukegan, Illinois. The district consists of a residential area that grew northward from Waukegan's downtown in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The oldest building in the district is from the 1840s, shortly after the city was incorporated, while the newest contributing building is from 1928. Nearly every popular architectural style of the period is included within the district, with older styles such as Greek Revival and Italianate being especially prevalent. While Waukegan expanded considerably and became an industrial port city in the twentieth century, the district is largely undisturbed by both industry and modern construction.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 3, 1978.

Waukegan, Illinois
Waukegan (/wəˈkiːɡən/ wə-KEE-ghən) is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located 36 miles (58 km) north of Chicago, Waukegan is a satellite city within the greater Chicago metropolitan area.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 89,321, making it the most populous city in Lake County, the seventh-most populous city within the Chicago metropolitan area and the 10th-most populous city in Illinois. However, unlike nearby wealthy North Shore suburbs, Waukegan has long been classified by the Illinois state government as overall "socioeconomically distressed" despite having some middle class inhabitants.
Deschutes River
The Deschutes River (/dəˈʃuːts/ də-SHOOTS) in central Oregon is a major tributary of the Columbia River. The river provides much of the drainage on the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, gathering many of the tributaries that descend from the drier, eastern flank of the mountains. The Deschutes provided an important route to and from the Columbia for Native Americans for thousands of years, and then in the 19th century for pioneers on the Oregon Trail. The river flows mostly through rugged and arid country, and its valley provides a cultural heart for central Oregon. Today the river supplies water for irrigation and is popular in the summer for whitewater rafting and fishing.

The Deschutes flows generally north, as do several other large Oregon tributaries of the Columbia River, including the Willamette and John Day.

Sockeye salmon
The sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), also called red salmon, kokanee salmon, blueback salmon, or simply sockeye, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers discharging into it. This species is a Pacific salmon that is primarily red in hue during spawning.  They can grow up to 84 cm (2 ft 9 in) in length and weigh 2.3 to 7 kg (5–15 lb). Juveniles remain in freshwater until they are ready to migrate to the ocean, over distances of up to 1,600 km (1,000 mi). Their diet consists primarily of zooplankton. Sockeye salmon are semelparous, dying after they spawn. Some populations, referred to as kokanee, do not migrate to the ocean and live their entire lives in fresh water.
2018–19 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2018–19 Euro Hockey Tour was the 23rd season of Euro Hockey Tour. It started in November 2018 and lasted until May 2019. It consisted of Karjala Tournament, Channel One Cup, Sweden Hockey Games and Carlson Hockey Games.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
George Washington University residence halls
The George Washington University is one of the largest United States private universities in terms of enrollment. Almost 10,000 undergraduates attend George Washington. GW has residence halls on two of its three campuses. The Foggy Bottom campus is the university's main campus, where most of the residence halls can be found, in an urban setting. Also in Washington's Foxhall neighborhood is the Mount Vernon campus, formerly the Mount Vernon College for Women. The Mount Vernon campus provides a more suburban residential setting.

Foggy Bottom
Foggy Bottom is a neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States, located in the city's northwest quadrant. It stretches west of the White House towards the Potomac River, north of the National Mall, east of Georgetown, south of the West End neighborhood and west of Downtown D.C.

The neighborhood is best known for hosting the headquarters of the U.S. Department of State, for which the name "Foggy Bottom" is commonly used as a metonym. It is also home to federal agencies and international institutions, including the Federal Reserve, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund; the core of the neighborhood is occupied by George Washington University.

Within greater Foggy Bottom, there is a four block Historic District with modest row houses and alleys dating from as early as the 1870s and which housed working class Irish, German and African Americans during the historic period of 1860-1915.
Tetsujyo Deguchi
Religion portal

Tetsujyo Deguchi (1950-) is a Japanese Zen master and disciple of Ban Tetsugyu Soin.

Deguchi contributed to the spread of Zen in Italy and contributed to the foundation of the Zen monastery Ensoji il Cerchio. He began practicing zazen as a teenager and took monastic vows when he was 30 years old. He holds a law degree from Chuo University, Tokyo  and is the current abbot of Tosho-ji, Tokyo.

In 2017 he participated in the opening of a Zen temple in Padua.

Tetsugyu Soin Ban
Religion portal

Tetsugyu Soin Ban (伴 鉄牛 (Ban Tetsugyu)祖印 (soin); 4 June 1910 in Hanamaki, Japan – 21 January 1996 in Tokyo, Japan) was a Japanese Zen master.
He was a disciple of the Soto Zen Master Harada Daiun Sogaku, one of the first Zen teachers to open Zen doctrine to western students.
Academia Antártica
The Academia Antártica ("Antarctic Academy") was a society of writers, poets and intellectuals—mostly of the criollo caste—that assembled in Lima, Peru, in the 16th and 17th centuries. Their objective was to author a body of literature that matched or surpassed that of Europe's and would prove that literariness indeed thrived in Spain's remotest colonies. Members of this collective together published several anthologies of original writings and translations, the most famous of which are the Primera parte del Parnaso Antártico de obras amatorias (Antarctic Parnassus, Part One: Poems of Romance) and the Segunda parte del Parnaso Antártico de divinos poemas (Antarctic Parnassus, Part Two: Poems of the Divine). These are dated 1608 and 1617, respectively.

Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
American Respiratory Care Foundation
The American Respiratory Care Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by the American Association for Respiratory Care formed to provide funding for research in the field of pulmonology and respiratory care.  Formed in 1974 as the American Respiratory Therapy Foundation and then changed to the American Respiratory Care Foundation in 1986.  The ARCF is a partner with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, who has awarded grants to the ARCF in order to help fund research directly related to asthma and asthma education.

American Association for Respiratory Care
The American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) is a nonprofit organization and is the only professional organization supporting respiratory care in the United States. In addition to attempting to help lobby for beneficial legislation nationally and locally, the AARC is trying to promote the profession as a whole to increase interest and membership. The AARC began in 1943 as the Inhalation Technician Association.
Battle of Fatagar
The Battle of Fatagar (alternatively known as Nech Sar) was a reprisal conflict between the previous participants of the Ethiopian–Adal War. It was fought between the forces of the Adal Sultanate led by Nur ibn Mujahid, and the Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Gelawdewos. The Ethiopian Emperor was later killed by Adal forces in this battle.

Mohammed Hassen considers this battle a decisive defeat for the Ethiopian Empire. "Not only did Galawdewos' death produce terrible grief throughout the Christian land, it left the political scene uncertain and fluid.  After this battle,  this force was never able to regain its full strength and failed to win back an inch of land lost before 1559 to the pastoral Oromo."

Gurage Zone
Gurage is a zone in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. The region is home to the Gurage people. Gurage is bordered on the southeast by Hadiya and Yem Zone, on the northwest by Kebena Special Woreda, north and east by the Oromia Region, and on the southeast by Siltʼe. Its highest point is Mount Gurage. Wolkite is the largest city and administrative centre of the zone.
Tan Son Nhut Air Base
Tan Son Nhut Air Base (Vietnamese: Căn cứ không quân Tân Sơn Nhứt) is a former Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) facility located near the city of Saigon in southern Vietnam. The United States used it as a major base during the Vietnam War (1959–1975), stationing Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine units there. Following the Fall of Saigon, it was taken over as a Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) facility and remains in use today.

Tan Son Nhat International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) has been a major Vietnamese civil airport since the 1920s. Overtime, Vietnam Air Defence - Air Force's military activities at the airport have been gradually reduced due to the airport's inconvenient proximity to downtown Ho Chi Minh City, as well as military lands having been converted and utilized for civilian facilities and developments.

No. 35 Squadron RAAF
No. 35 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) transport unit. Formed in 1942, 35 Squadron operated during World War II, transporting cargo and passengers around Australia, New Guinea and the Netherlands East Indies, with a variety of aircraft including the Douglas Dakota. The squadron disbanded in 1946, but was re-raised in the 1960s for service during the Vietnam War, flying transportation and resupply operations with DHC-4 Caribous in support of Australian and US forces. The squadron was relocated to Australia in 1972 and subsequently augmented in 1977 with rotary-wing aircraft, operating UH-1 Iroquois in both the transportation and gunship roles, until returned to a solely fixed-wing transport role in 1989. Ceasing operations in 2000, 35 Squadron was re-raised in January 2013, preparatory to re-equipping with C-27 Spartan transports and commencing operations in 2015.
NSU Delphin III
The NSU Delphin III streamliner motorcycle set the motorcycle land speed record in 1956. Wilhelm Herz rode the machine to 211.4 miles per hour (340.2 km/h) at Bonneville Speedway in Utah, to break 200 mph (320 km/h) for the first time. Its fairing, designed in a wind tunnel at University of Stuttgart (then Stuttgart Technical College), gave it a drag coefficient of 0.19. The same engine powered Herz to a 1951 world speed record, with a less efficient frame/fairing, the Delphin I. The engine used an unusual rotary supercharger related to NSU's eventual development of the Wankel engine. In the supercharger, both a trochoidal inner rotor and epitrochoidal outer rotor spun around a stationary shaft.

Streamlined motorcycle
A streamlined motorcycle is a motorcycle with a fairing that goes beyond a 'full' or 'dustbin' fairing, to form an aerodynamic shell to minimize drag. This helps attaining higher top speeds, as in the motorcycle land-speed record, or increased energy efficiency, as in the Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge.  Often they are feet forwards motorcycles or have the rider in a prone position, rather than upright, to reduce the frontal area exposed to headwind.

NSU Rennfox G.P. 125 O.H.C. TWIN (1954)

BUB Seven Streamliner

NSU Rennmax G.P. 250 O.H.C. TWIN (1954)

Silver Bird streamliner