hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Global Environmental Politics
Global Environmental Politics (GEP) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal which examines the relationship between global political forces and environmental change. It covers such topics as the role of states, international finance, science and technology, and grass roots movements. The journal is associated with the environmental section of the International Studies Association. Issues of Global Environmental Politics are divided into three types of articles: short commentaries for a section called Current Debates/Forum, full-length research articles, and book review articles.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 4.8, ranking it 7th out of 160 journals in the category "International Relations".

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.
Slavgorod constituency
The Slavgorod constituency (No.42) is a Russian legislative constituency in Altai Krai. The constituency covers part of Barnaul as well as predominantly rural northern and western Altai Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Ivan Loor, former Speaker of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly and agricultural official.

Altai Krai Legislative Assembly
The Altai Krai Legislative Assembly (Russian: Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание) is the regional parliament of Altai Krai, a federal subject of Russia.

The assembly consists of 68 deputies elected for a term of five years. 34 deputies are elected by single-member constituencies and another 34 deputies are elected in party lists.
Operation Hisul
Operation Hisul (Hebrew: חיסול מבצע, Mivtza Hisul, lit. Operation Liquidation) was a failed Israeli attempt to dissolve the Egyptian pocket of al-Faluja on the night of 28 December during Operation Horev. The operation was the second-worst loss suffered by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in a single engagement behind the Kfar Etzion massacre in May up until that point.

Al-Faluja
al-Faluja (Arabic: الفالوجة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the British Mandate for Palestine, located 30 kilometers northeast of Gaza City. Al-Faluja absorbed settlers from various areas, including Dura.

The village and the neighbouring village of Iraq al-Manshiyya formed part of the Faluja pocket, where 4,000 Egyptian troops, who had entered the area as a result of the 1948 war, were besieged for four months by the newly established Israel Defense Forces.

The 1949 Armistice Agreements allowed for a peaceful transfer of those areas outside Gaza to Israeli control, allowing Egyptian troops to remain in Gaza. Following the agreements, the Arab residents were harassed and abandoned the villages. The Israeli town of Kiryat Gat, as well as the moshav Revaha, border the site of the former town.
Artuk Bey (Diriliş: Ertuğrul)
Artuk Bey is a fictional character in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul where he is portrayed as the main protagonist, Ertuğrul Bey's right-hand man. The character is portrayed by Ayberk Pekcan and is based on the Seljuk commander Artuk Bey.

Karacahisar Castle
Karacahisar Castle, Karaca Hisar Castle or Karajahisar Castle (Turkish: Karacahisar Kalesi, Greek: Κάστρο Καρακαχίσαρ) is a ruined Byzantine castle on a plateau near the Porsuk River, southwest of Eskişehir, Turkey. It stands 1,010 metres (3,310 ft) above sea level, is surrounded by walls, and covers an area of 60,000 square meters.

The castle is integral to the foundation myth of the Ottoman Empire: according to Ottoman friendly chroniclers the castle was taken from the Byzantines in 1288 and it was here that the hutbe was first read in Osman's name. This is, however, unlikely as the region had not been under Byzantine control since latest 1180 and therefore it is more likely that the castle was taken from the Germiyanids but portrayed as a victory against Christians to depict Osman as warrior for the faith.
1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 7 June 1989 and ended on 10 September 1989.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in a Munster semi-final replay.

On 10 September 1989, Tipperary won the championship following a 4–10 to 3–11 defeat of Offaly in the All-Ireland final. This was their seventh All-Ireland title overall and their first title since 1985.

Tipperary's Dan Quirke was the championship's top scorer with 7-08.

1985 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1985 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 25 August 1985, Tipperary won the championship following a 1-10 to 2-06 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title in the under-21 grade and their first in four championship seasons.
Cross border listings
Cross border listings is the practice of listing a company's shares in a stock exchange of a country other than that in which the company is based. Firms may adopt cross-border listing to obtain advantages that include lower cost of capital, expanded global shareholder base, greater liquidity in the trading of shares, prestige and publicity. Decision makers also need to be satisfied that the benefits exceed possible costs, such as listing costs, exposure to legal liabilities, taxes and various trading frictions, and reconciliation of financial statements with varying national standards. (Karolyi A., 2006,)

Share (finance)
A share (sometimes someone can refer to as stock or equity) is a unit of equity ownership in the capital stock of a corporation. It can refer to units of mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. The owner of shares in a company is a shareholder (or stockholder) of the corporation. A share expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of a share is its face value, and the total of the face value of issued shares represent the capital of a company, which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from the ownership of shares is a dividend. There are different types of shares such as equity shares, preference shares, deferred shares, redeemable shares, bonus shares, right shares, and employee stock option plan shares.
Robert Champroux Stadium
Robert Champroux Stadium (French: Stade Robert Champroux) is a multi-use stadium in Marcory, a suburb of Abidjan, Ivory Coast.  It is currently used mostly for association football matches, serving the home ground of Jeunesse Club d'Abidjan and Stella Club d'Adjamé. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000. Rugby union club Treichville Biafra Olympique (TBO) sometimes use the stadium for matches.

Marcory
Marcory is a suburb of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It is one of the 10 urban communes of the city. Marcory is one of four communes of Abidjan that are entirely south of Ébrié Lagoon, the others being Treichville, Koumassi, and Port-Bouët.
Jama Masjid, Chanderi
The Jama Masjid is a Friday mosque in Chanderi, in the Ashoknagar district of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The mosque was completed in  853 AH (1449/1450 CE) and is a Monument of National Importance.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Saint Joseph of the Palisades High School
Saint Joseph of the Palisades High School was a private, Roman Catholic high school in West New York, in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.

As of the 2005-06 school year, the school had an enrollment of 291 students and 19.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 15.0. On February 27, 2009, it was announced the school would close at the end of the 2008-09 school year due to dwindling enrollment.

Archdiocese of Newark
The Archdiocese of Newark (Latin: Archidiœcesis Novarcensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in northeastern New Jersey in the United States.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark. Cardinal Joseph Tobin has been the archbishop of Newark since 2017.
Coulomb drag
In condensed matter physics, Coulomb drag (also called electron drag or current drag) refers a transport phenomenon between two spatially isolated electrical conductors, where passing a steady electric current through one of them induces a voltage difference in the other. It is named after the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers (usually electrons) responsible for the effect.

The effect was first predicted by Soviet physicist M. B. Pogrebinsky in 1977. The first experimental verification of the phenomena was carried between 1991 and 1992 in two-dimensional electron gases by the group of James P. Eisenstein working with gallium arsenide (GaAs) double quantum wells.

In the presence of magnetic fields it leads to analogous phenomena, like the Hall drag or the magneto-Coulomb drag. When spin-polarized currents are involved, it is termed spin Coulomb drag.

Two-dimensional electron gas
A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a scientific model in solid-state physics. It is an electron gas that is free to move in two dimensions, but tightly confined in the third. This tight confinement leads to quantized energy levels for motion in the third direction, which can then be ignored for most problems. Thus the electrons appear to be a 2D sheet embedded in a 3D world. The analogous construct of holes is called a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), and such systems have many useful and interesting properties.
Opinions on the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
This page collects opinions, other than those of governments or inter-governmental organizations (see International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy for those), on the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. For an overview, and details on the controversy please see the main page.

International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten's publication of satirical cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad on September 30, 2005, led to violence, arrests, inter-governmental tension, and debate about the scope of free speech and the place of Muslims in the West. Many Muslims stressed that the image of Muhammad is blasphemous, while many Westerners defended the right of free speech. A number of governments, organizations, and individuals have issued statements defining their stance on the protests or cartoons.
Cristallina
The Cristallina is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located in the Swiss canton of Ticino. It is situated between the valleys of Leventina, Val Bavona and Valle di Peccia (the latter two belonging to the Valle Maggia. On the west side of the mountain is located the Passo Cristallina with the Cristallina Hut.

Lepontine Alps
The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes lépontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).

The Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola), the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.

The eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Splügen Pass, is named the Adula Alps, while the western part is historically referred to as the Ticino Alps.
María Eugenia Bielsa
María Eugenia Bielsa Caldera (born 10 March 1958) is an Argentine Justicialist Party politician, born in Rosario, Santa Fe. She was the vice-governor of Santa Fe, accompanying governor Jorge Obeid, from 2003 until 2007. As such, she also presides the provincial Senate. She is the sister of politician Rafael Bielsa and of football coach Marcelo Bielsa. From 2019 to 2020 she served as Minister of Territorial Development and Habitat in the cabinet of Alberto Fernández.

Jorge Obeid
Jorge Alberto Obeid (24 November 1947 – 28 January 2014) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician who was twice governor of Santa Fe Province and thrice a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies.
USS Kalk (DD-170)
The first USS Kalk (DD–170) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I, later transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Hamilton (I24) and then into the Royal Canadian Navy as HMCS Hamilton (I24).

Wickes-class destroyer
The Wickes-class destroyers were a class of 111 destroyers built by the United States Navy in 1917–1919. Together with the six preceding ships of the Caldwell class and the succeeding 156 subsequent Clemson-class destroyers, they were grouped as the "flush-deck" or "four-stack" type. Only a few were completed in time to serve in World War I, including USS Wickes, the lead ship of the class.

While some were scrapped in the 1930s, the rest served throughout World War II. Most of these were converted to other uses; nearly all in U.S. service had half their boilers and one or more stacks removed to increase fuel and range or accommodate troops. Others were transferred to the British Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy, some of which were later transferred to the Soviet Navy. All were scrapped within a few years after World War II.
Néouvielle National Nature Reserve
Néouvielle National Nature Reserve is a 2,313-hectare (5,720-acre) national nature reserve located in the Néouvielle massif. It ranges from 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) to 3,091 metres (10,141 ft). With a wide array of flora and fauna, it contains about 370 animal species and 570 breeds of algae.

Eurasian griffon vulture
The Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) is a large Old World vulture in the bird of prey family Accipitridae. It is also known as the griffon vulture, although this term is sometimes used for the genus as a whole.
The Galway Shawl
"The Galway Shawl" is a traditional Irish folk song, concerning a rural courtship in the West of Ireland. The first known version was collected by Sam Henry from Bridget Kealey in Dungiven in 1936. The song has been popularly recorded by many ballad groups in Ireland and is now commonly adapted to a waltz time so that people can dance to it.

The plot takes place in May in Oranmore. The narrator sees a girl wearing a bonnet with ribbons and a Galway shawl around her shoulders. He and the girl go to her father's cottage. The girl tells him to play "The Foggy Dew" to please her father. The man plays some hornpipes and the girl sings them as she cries tears of joy. The song ends as the narrator bids the girl farewell as he's bound for County Donegal.

The Foggy Dew (Irish songs)
"Foggy Dew" is the name of several Irish ballads, and of an Irish lament. The most popular song of that name (written by Fr. Charles O'Neill) chronicles the Easter Rising of 1916, and encourages Irishmen to fight for the cause of Ireland, rather than for the British Empire, as so many young men were doing in World War I.
Penurin
Penurin is a settlement and longhouse in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 136.9 kilometres (85.1 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Maja 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Saka 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Tusor 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Empaong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Bedanum 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Tansang 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest

Melaban 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) west

Melaban
Melaban is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 133.2 kilometres (82.8 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Betong 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Ban 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Semumoh 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Empaong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Pok 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Salulap 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north
George Thatcher
George Thatcher (sometimes spelled Thacher; April 12, 1754 – April 6, 1824) was an American lawyer, jurist, and statesman from the Maine district of Massachusetts. He was a delegate for Massachusetts to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. He was an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from 1801 to 1824.

District of Maine
The District of Maine was the governmental designation for what is now the U.S. state of Maine from October 25, 1780, to March 15, 1820, when it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state. The district was a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and before American independence had been part of the British province of Massachusetts Bay.
Pointed cabbage
Pointed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. acuta), also known as cone, sweetheart, hispi or sugarloaf cabbage  is a form of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) with a tapering shape and large delicate leaves varying in colour from yellowish to blue-green. It tastes less pronounced and more delicate than common white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba). It is the earliest cabbage, grown for sale in the UK from May to November but it is grown in Spain from November to April.

In Northern Bohemia, red pointed cabbage is used to make Kysané zelí, fermenting being started just by adding salt and producing red sauerkraut.

Production of pointed cabbage is on the decrease because white cabbage produces higher yields and is easier to process owing to its round shape.

Pointed cabbage can be used like Savoy cabbage or white cabbage but needs less cooking because of its more delicate leaves. It can also be eaten raw and is suitable for salads.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea, also known as wild cabbage in its uncultivated form, is a plant of the family Brassicaceae.

The species originated from feral populations of related plants in the Eastern Mediterranean, where it was most likely first cultivated. It has many common cultivars that are used as culinary vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, romanesco, kale, Brussels sprout, collard, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, and gai lan.
M2 (Istanbul Metro)
The M2, officially referred to as the M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman metro line (Turkish: M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman metro hattı), is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro and the first heavy metro of Istanbul and Turkey. It is colored light green on the maps and route signs. The M2 operates between Hacıosman in southern Sarıyer to Yenikapı in south-central Fatih on the historic peninsula of Istanbul. Shuttle trains run from Sanayi to Seyrantepe to Rams Park. The M2 line has 16 stations, all but one underground, and a total length of 23.49 kilometers (14.60 mi). A daily ridership of about 500,000 makes it the busiest line of the Istanbul Metro system.

Fatih
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfaːtih]) or the Historical peninsula (in Turkish: Tarihi Yarımada),  is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait.
BBC Four Collections
BBC Four Collections is a selected variation of factual television episodes and series available on British video-on-demand service BBC iPlayer. The collections themselves primarily involve "experts" like Richard Osman, Janet Street-Porter and David Attenborough selecting various programmes from the BBC Archive to be made available on the iPlayer service. Every programme is marked with a short introduction marking the collection with BBC Four branding. Each collection has a particular theme like modern classical music, the British Army and interviews with famous figures. Some collections were established in 2012, more being added to the service until 2014. As of 2023, most of the content is still available on the iPlayer service, with some becoming unavailable due to rights or other reasons, like the Tim Westwood sexual assault allegations.

BBC iPlayer
BBC iPlayer (stylised as iPLAYER or BBC iPLAYER) is a video on demand service from the BBC. The service is available over-the-top on a wide range of devices, including mobile phones and tablets, personal computers and smart televisions. iPlayer services delivered to UK-based viewers are free from commercial advertising. To use the service, a valid TV Licence is required by law.

The terms BBC iPlayer, iPlayer, and BBC Media Player refer to various methods of viewing or listening to the same content. BBC iPlayer launched in 2007. Previously, a separate BBC iPlayer Radio brand was used for radio services but this was replaced with BBC Sounds in 2018. The current logo and rebranding to "iPLAYER" has been in use since 2021.

Currently, some programmes can be watched in UHD on iPlayer as part of an ongoing trial, as well as streaming major live events in 4K on iPlayer.