hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robustness of complex networks
Robustness, the ability to withstand failures and perturbations, is a critical attribute of many complex systems including complex networks.

The study of robustness in complex networks is important for many fields. In ecology, robustness is an important attribute of ecosystems, and can give insight into the reaction to disturbances such as the extinction of species. For biologists, network robustness can help the study of diseases and mutations, and how to recover from some mutations. In economics, network robustness principles can help understanding of the stability and risks of banking systems. And in engineering, network robustness can help to evaluate the resilience of infrastructure networks such as the Internet or power grids.

Complex network
In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph (network) with non-trivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks such as lattices or random graphs but often occur in networks representing real systems. The study of complex networks is a young and active area of scientific research (since 2000) inspired largely by empirical findings of real-world networks such as computer networks, biological networks, technological networks, brain networks, climate networks and social networks.
Andrés Palop
Andrés Palop Cervera (Valencian pronunciation: [anˈdɾes paˈlob]; born 22 October 1973) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

After having languished on the bench of hometown club Valencia for most of his stay, he became a premiere player with Sevilla well into his 30s, helping it consolidate in both the domestic and European fronts. Over 15 seasons, he appeared in 295 matches in La Liga, where he also represented Villarreal in 1998–99.

Palop was selected by Spain for Euro 2008, but never earned an international cap. After retiring, he worked briefly as a manager.

2006–07 UEFA Cup
The 2006–07 UEFA Cup was the 36th edition of the UEFA Cup, Europe's second-tier club football tournament. On 16 May 2007, at Hampden Park, Glasgow, Scotland, Sevilla won their second consecutive UEFA Cup, defeating Espanyol 3–1 on penalties after the match finished 2–2 after extra time. Sevilla became the second side to win the competition for two consecutive seasons, following the hiatus of the original record holder Real Madrid achieved in 1985 and 1986.

Walter Pandiani of Espanyol was the top goals scorer of this UEFA Cup edition with 11 goals.
Tibshelf
Tibshelf is a village and civil parish in the Bolsover District in Derbyshire, England. It lies between the towns of Clay Cross, Shirebrook, Mansfield and Chesterfield and had a population of 4,348 at the 2021 Census. Tibshelf shares its boundaries with the villages of Morton, Pilsley, Newton, Teversal and Hardstoft.

The village was the site of the UK's first inland oil well. In the 19th century, coal was discovered. Coal mining overtook agriculture as the primary industry in the area, and a local railway system was developed. Two deep mines were sunk, but were under threat of closure for a number of years after a partial cave-in. The settlement was recorded in Domesday in 1066.

Shirebrook
Shirebrook is a town and civil parish in the Bolsover District of Derbyshire, England. It had a population of 13,300 at the 2021 Census. The town is on the B6407 road and close to the A632 road which runs between the towns of Mansfield, Worksop and Bolsover. The town is close to the Bassetlaw and Mansfield Districts of Nottinghamshire.
Ove Lind
Ove Lind (June 29, 1926, Stockholm - April 16, 1991, Stockholm) was a Swedish jazz clarinetist.

Lind first played professionally with Simon Brehm and Thore Swanerud in 1949. He was a member of the Swinging Swedes in 1952-1954, then cofounded a group with Gunnar Almstedt in 1954 which featured Bengt Hallberg and toured as Alice Babs's supporting group. He released many albums in the 1960s and 1970s which showed the influence of Benny Goodman, and played with Teddy Wilson in 1970. In addition to his work in jazz, Lind also accompanied other Swedish musicians, especially in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Thore Swanerud
Thore Swanerud (18 June 1919 – 8 December 1988) was a Swedish jazz pianist, vibraphonist, arranger, conductor, and composer. He was born in Stockholm and died in the same city.

He is best remembered for an eight-bar improvised solo he made during a 1949 recording of "I'm in the Mood for Love", in a quintet headed by James Moody while Moody was touring Sweden. Eddie Jefferson created the 1952 song "Moody's Mood for Love" in vocalese style by adding lyrics to Moody's and Swanerud's solos in the recording, and the song later became a jazz standard, covered by many singers.
Kai Besar
Kai Besar (Great Kai Island, also Nuhu Yuut or Nusteen)  is one of the Kai Islands which are part of the Maluku Islands, Indonesia. Its area is 550 km2 (210 sq mi). The other main island in the Kai Islands group is Kai Kecil (Little Kai Island). The northern tip is called Tanjung Borang, and southern tip called Tanjung Weduar.

Approximately 10% of the population is Wandan, descendants of residents of the Banda Islands who fled the Dutch genocide, and who still speak the original language.

Banda Islands
The Banda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Banda) are a volcanic group of ten small islands in the Banda Sea, about 140 km (87 mi) south of Seram Island and about 2,000 km (1,243 mi) east of Java, and constitute an administrative district (kecamatan) within the Central Maluku Regency in the Indonesian province of Maluku. The islands rise out of 4-to-6-kilometre (2.5 to 3.7 mi) deep ocean and have a total land area of approximately 172 square kilometres (66 sq mi); with associated maritime area this reaches 736.3 square kilometres (284.3 sq mi). They had a population of 18,544 at the 2010 Census and 20,924 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 21,902. Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree. The islands are also popular destinations for scuba diving and snorkeling. The main town and administrative centre is Banda Neira, located on the island of the same name.
2015 Czech vote of no confidence
The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the current Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was held on Tuesday 26 May 2015.

The vote was initiated because of opposition concerns about conflicts of interest on the part of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš.

The vote of no confidence was called by the three opposition political parties - ODS, TOP 09 and Úsvit (Dawn) on 21 May 2015 as step against Finance Minister of the Czech Republic Andrej Babiš.

Government of the Czech Republic
The Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: Vláda České republiky) exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy prime minister and other ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Czech Republic.
Italian welfare state
The Italian welfare state is based partly upon the corporatist-conservative model (as described by Gøsta Esping-Andersen, one of the world's foremost sociologists working on the analysis of welfare states) and partly upon the universal welfare model.

Cash transfer
A cash transfer is a direct transfer payment of money to an eligible person. Cash transfers are either unconditional cash transfers or conditional cash transfers. They may be provided by organisations funded by private donors, or a local or regional government.

Cash transfers constitute a critical element in the realm of global social policy, addressing needs ranging from poverty alleviation to crisis response.
2004 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 2004 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 83rd and final staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Mayo entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Meath in the All-Ireland semi-final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 14 August 2004 at St. Tiernach's Park in Clones, between Meath and Down, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Meath won the match by 1-10 to 1-06 to claim their sixth championship title overall and a first title in five years.

1912 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1912 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the first staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's second tier hurling championship. The championship ended on 23 February 1913.

The All-Ireland final was played on 23 February 1913 at Jones's Road in Dublin, between Cork and Westmeath, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Cork won the match by 3-06 to 2-01 to claim their first championship title.
Tetramethylammonium ozonide
Tetramethylammonium ozonide is an oxygen rich compound with the chemical formula [(CH3)4N]O3. It consists of tetramethylammonium cations ([(CH3)4N]+) and ozonide anions (O−3). The compound is a free radical with one unpaired electron.

It can be created through the metathesis reaction with caesium ozonide (CsO3) in a liquid ammonia solution.

CsO3 + [(CH3)4N][O2]  →  CsO2 + [(CH3)4N][O3]

Tetramethylammonium ozonide was found to be stable; it forms into transparent red crystals, and only decomposes above 75 °C.

Tetramethylammonium
Tetramethylammonium (TMA) is the simplest quaternary ammonium cation. It has the chemical formula [Me4N]+ and consists of four methyl groups (−CH3, denoted Me) attached to a central nitrogen atom. The cation is isoelectronic with neopentane (Me4C). It is positively-charged and can only be isolated in association with a counter-ion. Common salts include tetramethylammonium chloride and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Tetramethylammonium salts are used in chemical synthesis and in pharmacological research.  It confers no color to its salts.
2007 Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series
The 2007 Fujitsu V8 Supercars Series was an Australian motor racing competition for V8 Supercars. It began on 1 March at the Adelaide Parklands Circuit and ended on 2 December at Phillip Island after seven rounds. The series was the eighth annual V8 Supercar Development Series.

The series was won by Tony D'Alberto driving a Holden VZ Commodore.

Super2 Series
The Dunlop Super2 Series (formerly known as Dunlop Series, Fujitsu V8 Supercars Series, HPDC V8 Supercars Series, Konica Minolta V8 Supercars Series and Konica V8 Supercars/Lites Series) is an Australian touring car racing competition, specifically the second tier series for Supercars competitors. Competing vehicles are older than those utilised in the Supercars Championship series and are usually run by smaller teams with lower budgets.

The vast majority of drivers in the Supercars Championship have raced at least one season in the Super2 Series Championship.  For parts of its history, competing in the Super2 Series was required for most drivers to qualify for a Motorsport Australia Superlicence, which is required to compete in the Supercars Championship, or was enforced as a separate requirement by the Supercars Championship organisers.
Cape Keltie
Cape Keltie (66°3′S 133°26′E﻿ / ﻿66.050°S 133.433°E﻿ / -66.050; 133.433) is an ice-covered cape on the Clarie Coast of Antarctica, 11 nautical miles (20 km) west of Cape Cesney. It was discovered from the Aurora by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, and roughly charted at a distance of about 10 nautical miles (19 km) as lying in 66°5′S 133°0′E. It was named by Mawson for Sir John Scott Keltie, Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, 1892–1915. The identification of this feature is based upon the G.D. Blodgett map of 1955, compiled from aerial photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47).

Cape Cesney
Cape Cesney (66°6′S 133°54′E﻿ / ﻿66.100°S 133.900°E﻿ / -66.100; 133.900) is a broad ice-covered cape marking the west side of the entrance to Davis Bay in Antarctica. It was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for A.M. Cesney, master's mate on the Flying Fish of the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842) under Charles Wilkes.
NGC 3009
NGC 3009 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is about 35 thousand light years across, and with a recessional velocity of 4,445 kilometers per second, is at a distance of 205 million light years from the sun. NGC 3009 is also known by the catalog name of PGC 28330, and is often mistaken for the dimmer PGC 28303. This is because these objects are very close to each other in the sky, and the astronomer Dreyer misinterpreted John Herschel's original March 17, 1828 record of the galaxy, mistaking it for one a few arcminutes to the west (which is now known as PGC 28303). Herschel would have been unable to see PGC 28303 as anything but a background star, due to his less advanced telescope at the time.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Baya Gamani of Singu
Baya Gamani of Singu (Burmese: စဉ့်ကူး ဘယဂါမဏိ, pronounced [sɪ̰ɰ̃ɡú bəja̯ gàmənḭ]; also spelled Bhayakamani) was a 15th-century court minister and royal army commander in the service of seven kings of Ava from Minkhaung I to Narapati I. He also served two terms as governor of Singu (c. 1401–1426), and (1427–c. 1450s). He is best remembered in Burmese history for his steadfast support of King Kale Kye-Taung Nyo during the king's embattled 7-month reign (1425–1426). Though subsequently imprisoned by the next king Mohnyin Thado, Gamani was restored to his prior post at Singu in 1427 after his successful defense of the Ava (Inwa) capital region. The elder brother of Chief Minister Yazathingyan, Baya Gamani served as a senior minister and commander alongside his more famous brother at least until 1443.

Hanthawaddy kingdom
The Hanthawaddy kingdomMon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listenⓘ; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Rone Hongsarwatoi or simply Pegu), classical name Ham̥sāvatī ("Realm of Hamsa"), was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (Mon: ရးမည, Burmese: ရာမည ဒေသ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan kingdom in 1287: 205–206, 209  as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.
Princess Ketevan of Kakheti
Ketevan (Georgian: ქეთევანი; Persian: کتایون, romanized: Katāyūn; fl. 1737) was a Georgian princess royal (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty. She was a daughter of Teimuraz II and sister of Heraclius II and married the Afsharid Iranian royal Adel Shah (Ali-qoli Khan) in 1737.

Batonishvili
Batonishvili (Georgian: ბატონიშვილი, lit. 'a child of a lord or sovereign') is a title for royal princes and princesses who descend from the Kings of Georgia from the Bagrationi dynasty.

Batonishvili is suffixed after or before the given names e.g. David Batonishvili or Batonishvili Ioane, etc.
African traditional religions and other religions
Traditional African religions have shared notable relationships with other religions, cultures, and traditions.

Throughout the history, they are often noted for having one of the oldest presence in the world, and also applauded for their tolerance to other religions.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.
The Boy with the Thorn in His Side
"The Boy with the Thorn in His Side" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths. It was released as a single in September 1985, reaching No. 23 in the UK Singles Chart. A remixed version appeared on their third studio album, The Queen Is Dead, in June 1986.

This was the first single by the Smiths to be accompanied by a promotional music video, which was directed by Ken O'Neill, something the band had previously resisted. They also performed the song on an episode of Top of the Pops. The main difference between the single version and the album version is in the use of synthesised strings, which are absent from the single version. In 2003, Morrissey named it his favourite Smiths song.

Hatful of Hollow
Hatful of Hollow is a compilation album by the English rock band the Smiths, released on 2 November 1984 in the United Kingdom, by Rough Trade Records. The album features tracks from BBC Radio 1 sessions, their first single "Hand in Glove" (a different mix of which had been included on the band's  debut album released earlier in the year) and two new singles and their B-sides. It was eventually released in the United States on 9 November 1993 by Sire Records, which had initially declined to release the album in the country. Sire instead released Louder Than Bombs in the US in 1987, which is effectively a hybrid of Hatful of Hollow and a subsequent UK compilation album The World Won't Listen, along with additional songs that do not appear on either.

Hatful of Hollow reached No. 7 on the UK Albums Chart, remaining on the chart for 46 weeks. In 2000, Q placed the album at No. 44 on its list of the "100 Greatest British Albums Ever".
National Route A012 (Argentina)
National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered on the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Pueblo Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo it runs for 67 km (41.6 mi) all paved.

This road is popularly known as the Second Rosario Beltway, as it border the metropolitan area of greater Rosario (the third biggest city in Argentina). The First Rosario Beltway is National Route A008, which surrounds the city center.

Through National Decree 1595 of 1979 this road changed to federal control. Previously this road was called Provincial Route 16.

National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 (in Spanish, Ruta Nacional 9) is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy. It starts on Avenida General Paz, which marks the border between the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the surrounding province of the same name, and ends at the Horacio Guzmán International Bridge, on the La Quiaca River, traversing 1,967 km (1,222 mi). The road is a limited access motorway from Buenos Aires to Rosario.

Between the cities of San Nicolás de los Arroyos and Rosario (distant about 65 km (40 mi) from each other), the road is named Teniente General Juan José Valle.
2022 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2022.

Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term taphonomy (from Greek táphos, τάφος 'burial' and nomos, νόμος 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere.

The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one.
Liuteranska Street
Liuteranska Street (Ukrainian: Вулиця Лютеранська, lit. 'Lutheran Street') is a street located in the Lypky neighborhood of the Pecherskyi District in central Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. One of the most distinguishing features are the House of the Weeping Widow and the Lutheran Church of Saint Catherine.

The street stretches for about half of a mile between Khreshchatyk and Shovkovychna Street. Among other streets that connect to Liuteranska Street are Bankova Street, Zankovetska Street, and Kruhlouniversytetska Street.

Khreshchatyk
Khreshchatyk (Ukrainian: Хрещатик, pronounced [xreˈʃtʃɑtɪk]) is the main street of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine. The street is 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) long, and runs in a northeast-southwest direction from European Square through the Maidan to Bessarabska Square and the Besarabsky Market. The offices of the Kyiv City Council, the Post Office, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, the State Committee of Television and Radio Broadcasting, the TsUM department store, and the Ukrainian House, are all located on Khreshchatyk.

Khreshchatyk was deliberately destroyed during World War II by retreating Red Army troops. Among the notable buildings that were dynamited were the Kyiv City Duma, the Kyiv Stock Exchange, the National Hotel, and the Ginsburg Skyscraper. The street was rebuilt in a Stalinist neo-classical style after the end of the war, and has been renovated since Ukraine's independence.
North Oconee High School
North Oconee High School (NOHS) is a public school located in Bogart, Georgia, United States. It opened in 2004 and is the second public high school in Oconee County. The school's mascot is Titus, and its colors are red, black, and gold. The school currently has upwards of 1300 students.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.