hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harold B. Willey
Harold B. Willey was an American lawyer who served as the clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1952 to 1956.

Willey spent much of his professional career working for the Supreme Court, where he served for 32 years. He began his tenure as an Assistant Clerk in 1924, and then served as Deputy Clerk under Clerk Charles Elmore Cropley from 1941 to 1952. During 1945–1946, Willey served as General Secretary to the American delegation to the Nuremberg trials, where Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson was acting as a prosecutor.

Willey succeeded Cropley as Clerk upon Cropley's retirement in 1952, and held the office for four years. During this period, Willey served as a key member of a committee that substantially revised the Court's Rules, effective in 1954. Willey retired in 1956 and was succeeded by John T. Fey.

Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States
The clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States is the officer of the Supreme Court of the United States responsible for overseeing filings with the court and maintaining its records. The current clerk is Scott S. Harris.
John Maguire (senator)
John Aloysius Maguire was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1943 to 1944. He was elected to the 4th Seanad in 1943 on the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He lost his seat at the 1944 Seanad election.

4th Seanad
The 4th Seanad was in office from 1943 to 1944. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1944 general election to the 11th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 5th Seanad in 1944.
Yuriy Tarnawsky
Yuriy Orest Ivanovych Tarnawsky (February 3, 1934 – October 14, 2025) was a Ukrainian-American writer and linguist, one of the founding members of the New York Group of Poets, a group of avant-garde Ukrainian diaspora  writers, and co-founder and co-editor of the journal New Poetry, as well as member of the US innovative writers' collaborative Fiction Collective. He wrote fiction, poetry, plays, translations, and criticism in both Ukrainian and English.

Fiction Collective Two
Fiction Collective Two (FC2) is an author-run, not-for-profit publisher of avant-garde, experimental fiction supported in part by the University of Utah, the University of Alabama Press, Central Michigan University, Illinois State University, private contributors, arts organizations and foundations, and contest fees.

FC2 is "devoted to publishing fiction considered by America's largest publishers too challenging, innovative, or heterodox for the commercial milieu ... FC2's mission has been and remains to publish books of high quality and exceptional ambition whose styles, subject matter, or forms push the limits of American publishing and reshape our literary culture."
Awakening (song)
"Awakening" is the second single from Switchfoot's sixth studio album, Oh! Gravity. The single was released to radio in March 2007. It hit Hot AC radio stations with an impact day of March 26, 2007 and eventually peaked at No. 54 on that format's charts. It was also slated for release to Top 40, Alternative, and Active Rock stations, but saw virtually no play on any of those formats.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
SchlagerTV
SchlagerTV is a music television channel focusing on Schlager music for European and North American audiences. It launched in January 2009. The channel's programming primarily consists of music videos and German-language music programs. The channel primarily focuses on Schlager music, a popular genre from Germany and Austria, the channel is officially owned by their company and officially owned by their company TV Digitaal BV. In December 2011, the Brava TV Group announced that Strengholt BV became a co-owner of SchlagerTV. However, the sister channel TV Oranje remains solely owned by TV Digitaal BV. Since 12 May 2016, SchlagerTV has been part of MuziekKiosk.

Schlager music
Schlager (German: [ˈʃlaːɡɐ], "hit(s)") is a style of European popular music generally defined by catchy instrumental accompaniments to vocal pieces of pop music with simple, easygoing, and often sentimental lyrics.

Schlager tracks are typically light pop tunes or sweet, sentimental ballads with simple, catchy melodies. Their lyrics typically center on love, relationships, and feelings. The northern variant of schlager (notably in Finland) has taken elements from Finnic, Nordic, Slavic, and Eastern European folk songs, with lyrics tending toward melancholic and elegiac themes. Musically, schlager bears similarities to styles such as easy listening.

The style was frequently represented in the early years of the Eurovision Song Contest  but has now been replaced by other pop music styles.
Mupini
Mupini (pronunciation: [mˈpini]) is a settlement and former mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society in Kavango West, Namibia. It is located along the Kavango River about 18 km to the northwest of Rundu and 62 km east of Rupara.

Rundu
Rundu is the capital and the largest city of the Kavango-East Region in northern Namibia. It lies on the border with Angola on the banks of the Kavango River, about 1,000 metres (3,300 feet) above sea level. Rundu's population is growing rapidly. The 2001 census counted 36,964 inhabitants; and for the 2011 census it climbed to 63,430.
Syze
Syze (Ukrainian: Сизе; Russian: Сизое) is a village in Stanytsia Luhanska settlement hromada, Shchastia Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 10 km SE from the centre of Stanytsia Luhanska, at about 2 km west from the Russian border.

Syze was founded by Don Cossacks in the 17th century.

Stanytsia Luhanska
Stanytsia Luhanska (Ukrainian: Станиця Луганська, lit. 'The stanitsa of Luhansk'; Russian: Станица Луганская, romanized: Stanitsa Luganskaya) is a rural settlement on the banks of the Siverskyi Donets River in the Shchastia Raion of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Residence of Stanytsia Luhanska settlement hromada. Population: 12,258 (2022 estimate). It is situated 20 km northeast of Luhansk. Prior to 2020, it was the administrative centre of the former Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion.
Permacharts
Permacharts Inc. is a Canadian company based in Concord, Ontario, and they are the publisher of quick reference guides on over 500 subjects. All Permacharts Quick Reference Guides are available in digital or printed and laminated form. Study guides. Along with other study guide manufacturers like SparkNotes, CliffsNotes and Schaum's Outlines, they control most of the North American market share for study guides.

SparkNotes
SparkNotes, originally part of a website called The Spark, is a company started by Harvard students Sam Yagan, Max Krohn, Chris Coyne, and Eli Bolotin in 1999 that originally provided study guides for literature, poetry, history, film, and philosophy. Later on, SparkNotes expanded to provide study guides for a number of other subjects, including biology, chemistry, economics, health, math, physics, and sociology. Until 2022, when SparkNotes Plus, a paid service, released, SparkNotes did not charge users to use any of its resources. SparkNotes receives revenue from advertisements.

Barnes & Noble acquired SparkNotes.com in 2001 for approximately $3.5 million.
Chestnut Lodge, Widnes
Chesnut Lodge is a small suburb of Widnes within the borough of Halton, in Cheshire, England. It has a small range of local services including a chip shop, dental practice, newsagents, chemist's, cafe, pub, and hairdresser's. Seven bus services pass through each way every hour.

Borough of Halton
The Borough of Halton (/hɒltən/) is a local authority district with borough status in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, North West England. It is administered by Halton Borough Council, a unitary authority since 1998. The borough contains the towns of Runcorn and Widnes and the civil parishes of Daresbury, Hale, Halebank, Moore, Preston Brook, and Sandymoor. Since 2014, it has been part of the Liverpool City Region and the council is a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from west) are Liverpool, Knowsley and St Helens, which are fellow boroughs of the Liverpool City Region, and Warrington and Cheshire West and Chester in Cheshire.
Alan Shields
Visual arts portal

Biography portal

Alan J. Shields (February 4, 1944 – December 13, 2005) was an American painter, and for a time during the 1980s, had a secondary career as a commercial boat operator, including as ferryboat captain.

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art is an art museum in Kansas City, Missouri, known for its encyclopedic collection of art from nearly every continent and culture, and especially for its extensive collection of Asian art.

In 2007, Time magazine ranked the museum's new Bloch Building number one on its list of "The 10 Best (New and Upcoming) Architectural Marvels" which considered candidates from around the globe.

The museum is open five days a week: Monday from 10 am-5 pm, closed Tuesday and Wednesday, open Thursday 10-9, Friday 10-9, Saturday and Sunday 10-5. 
Admission is free.
Programmer (hardware)
In the context of installing firmware onto a device, a programmer, device programmer, chip programmer, device burner,: 364  or PROM writer is a device that writes, a.k.a. burns, firmware to a target device's non-volatile memory.: 3

Typically, the target programmable chip is one of the following types: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, eMMC, MRAM, FeRAM, NVRAM, PLD, PLA, PAL, GAL, CPLD, FPGA, microcontroller.

Generic Array Logic
The Generic Array Logic (also known as GAL and sometimes as gate array logic) device was an innovation of the PAL and was invented by Lattice Semiconductor.  The GAL was an improvement on the PAL because one device type was able to take the place of many PAL device types or could even have functionality not covered by the original range of PAL devices.  Its primary benefit, however, was that it was erasable and re-programmable, making prototyping and design changes easier for engineers.

A similar device called a PEEL (programmable electrically erasable logic) was introduced by the International CMOS Technology (ICT) corporation.
Raipur City North Assembly constituency
Raipur City North also known as Raipur Nagar Uttar Legislative Assembly constituency is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India. The seat was formed after the passing of the Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008. It is part of Raipur district.

Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly
The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly or the Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral state legislature of Chhattisgarh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Sector 19, Atal Nagar, the capital of the state. The Vidhan Sabha comprises 90 Members of Legislative Assembly, which include 90 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.
2017 Men's African Volleyball Championship
The 2017 Men's African Volleyball Championship was the 21st edition of the Men's African Volleyball Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the African Volleyball Confederation (CAVB). The tournament was held in Cairo, Egypt from October 22 to October 29, 2017. Top three teams which had registered for the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship qualified for the 2018 World Championship.

Men's African Volleyball Championship
The African Men's Volleyball Championship is the official competition for senior men's national volleyball teams of Africa, organized by the African Volleyball Confederation (CAVB). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1987 they have been held biannually. The current champion is Egypt, which won its ninth title at the 2023 tournament on home soil.
Juan Díaz, Panama City
Juan Díaz is a corregimiento within Panama City, in Panamá District, Panamá Province, Panama with a population of 100,636 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 73,809; its population as of 2000 was 88,165.

Panamá District
Panamá is a district (distrito) of Panamá Province in Panama. The population according to the 2010 census was 880,691; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 1,183,333. The district covers a total area of 2,031 km2. The district seat is Panama City.
The Pirate Bay raid
The Pirate Bay raid took place on 31 May 2006 in Stockholm, when The Pirate Bay, a Swedish website that indexes torrent files, was raided by Swedish police, causing it to go offline for three days. Upon reopening, the site's number of visitors more than doubled, the increased popularity attributed to greater exposure through the media coverage.

The raid, alleged by Pirate Bay to be politically motivated and under pressure from the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), was reported as a success by the MPAA in the immediate aftermath, but with the website being restored within days and the raising of the debate in Sweden, commentators such as TorrentFreak called the raid "highly unsuccessful". On 31 January 2008, Swedish prosecutors filed charges against four of the individuals behind The Pirate Bay for "promoting other people's infringements of copyright laws".

Fredrik Neij
Hans Fredrik Lennart Neij (born 27 April 1978), alias TiAMO, is the co-founder of The Pirate Bay, and the Swedish Internet service provider and web hosting company PRQ. Neij was one of the defendants in The Pirate Bay trial which began on 16 February 2009. He and other operators of The Pirate Bay were charged with assisting users in copyright infringing practices. His time during the aforementioned trial has been captured in the documentary film TPB AFK by Simon Klose.
Methylenedioxycathinone
3,4-Methylenedioxycathinone (MDC, MDCATH), also known as β-keto-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (β-keto-MDA or βk-MDA), is an entactogen and stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone families related to methylone (βk-MDMA or MDMC). It is the β-keto analogue of MDA.

Like methylone, MDC is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). In contrast to MDA and MDMA, MDC shows no activity at the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, but does retain much weaker affinity for the rodent trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1).

The drug was patented as an antidepressant and antiparkinsonian agent by Peyton Jacob III and Alexander Shulgin in 1996. MDC and other non-N-substituted cathinones such as cathinone itself are chemically unstable due rapidly forming biologically inactive dimers and this has limited their prevalence.

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body. SNDRAs may produce euphoriant, decongestant, aphrodisiacal, anorectic, nootropic, entactogenic, and/or psychostimulant effects. Drugs of this class tend to have high abuse liability, especially when taken in supratherapeutic quantities.

A closely related type of drug is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).
Plagiotriptus pinivorus
Plagiotriptus pinivorus, the African pine-feeding grasshopper, is a species of thericleid orthopteran. It is native to eastern Africa, where it is usually found in areas with moderate or heavy rainfall, mostly in the range 1,525 to 2,135 m (5,000 to 7,000 ft), but sometimes at lower elevations down to about 500 m (1,640 ft).

Thericleidae
The Thericleidae are a family of grasshoppers within the order Orthoptera and superfamily Eumastacoidea. They have exceptionally stubby antennae even for the Caelifera, with most species having a characteristic "horse-headed" look in profile.

The family occurs in Africa, most members living in small trees and shrubs rather than forbs or grasses.

The type genus is Thericles Stål, 1875. They are obscure insects, not well known to the public, but nonetheless have a few common names, including "monkey grasshoppers", whether because of the head shape, or because they are very agile in leaping about among the twigs of the trees they inhabit, is not clear. They also are called "bush hoppers", a name they share with the closely related Euschmidtiidae.
Lithuanian nationality law
Lithuanian nationality law operates on the jus sanguinus principle, whereby persons who have a claim to Lithuanian ancestry, either through parents, grandparents, great-grandparents may claim Lithuanian nationality. Citizenship may also be granted by naturalization. Naturalization requires a residency period, an examination in the Lithuanian language, examination results demonstrating familiarity with the Lithuanian Constitution, a demonstrated means of support, and an oath of loyalty. A right of return clause was included in the 1991 constitution for persons who left Lithuania after the Soviet occupation in 1940 and their descendants. Lithuanian citizens are also citizens of the European Union and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.

Constitution of Lithuania
The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija) defines the legal foundation for all laws passed in the Republic of Lithuania. The first constitution of the contemporary republic was enacted on 1 August 1922. The current constitution was adopted in a referendum on 25 October 1992.
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew is a scholarly book written in the English language by linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann, published in 2003 by Palgrave Macmillan. The book proposes a socio-philological framework for the analysis of "camouflaged borrowing" such as phono-semantic matching. It introduces for the first time a classification for "multisourced neologisms", new words that are based on two or more sources at the same time.

Phono-semantic matching
Phono-semantic matching (PSM) is the incorporation of a word into one language from another, often creating a neologism, where the word's non-native quality is hidden by replacing it with phonetically and semantically similar words or roots from the adopting language. Thus the approximate sound and meaning of the original expression in the source language are preserved, though the new expression (the PSM – the phono-semantic match) in the target language may sound native.

Phono-semantic matching is distinct from calquing, which includes (semantic) translation but does not include phonetic matching (i.e., retention of the approximate sound of the borrowed word through matching it with a similar-sounding pre-existent word or morpheme in the target language).

Phono-semantic matching is also distinct from homophonic translation, which retains the sound of a word but not the meaning.
Lawrence Geoffrey Power
Lawrence Geoffrey Power, PC (August 9, 1841 – September 12, 1921) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the son of Patrick Power and Ellen Gaul, he was educated at St. Mary's Knockbeg College, Carlow College, the Catholic University of Ireland and Harvard University and was admitted to the bar in 1866. In 1880, he married Susan O'Leary. He served as a member of Halifax town council and of the school board. He also served as a member of the senate for Dalhousie University. Power was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1877. A Liberal, he was Speaker of the Senate from 1901 to 1905.

He died in office in 1921.

Speaker of the Senate of Canada
The speaker of the Senate of Canada (French: président du Sénat du Canada) is the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada. The speaker represents the Senate at official functions, rules on questions of parliamentary procedure and parliamentary privilege, and presides over debates and voting in the chamber. The office of the speaker is held by Raymonde Gagné who has held the position since May 16, 2023.
ISO 3166-2:KI
ISO 3166-2:KI is the entry for Kiribati in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Kiribati, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for three groups of islands (20 inhabited islands). The groups of islands are geographical subdivisions, as the country has no official administrative subdivisions.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is KI, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Kiribati. The second part is a letter.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
1986–87 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1986–87 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division. Frank McLintock resigned as manager in January 1987 and his replacement Steve Perryman saved the club's season, elevating the Bees to an 11th-place finish.

Steve Perryman
Stephen John Perryman MBE (born 21 December 1951) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender or midfielder. He is best-known for his successes with Tottenham Hotspur during the 1970s and early 1980s. He has won the FA Cup, League Cup, and UEFA Cup all twice with Tottenham in his 17 years at the club. Perryman was voted Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year in 1982 and made a club record 854 first team appearances for Tottenham. He was the director of football at Exeter City from 2003 until his temporary retirement in March 2018.
Zeppelinstadion
Zeppelinstadion is a multi-use stadium in Friedrichshafen, Germany.  It is currently used mostly for football matches. Since 1919 it is the home stadium of VfB Friedrichshafen. The stadium is able to hold 12,000 people.

VfB Friedrichshafen
VfB Friedrichshafen Volleyball GmbH is a German professional men's volleyball club founded in 1969 and based in Friedrichshafen, southern Baden-Württemberg. Main stakeholder is VfB Friedrichshafen e.V. The club plays in the German Bundesliga and the CEV Champions League.

The team won the 2006–07 CEV Champions League title. From 2005 to 2011 they won the German league seven times in a row. In total, VfB Friedrichshafen won the championship 13 times and the German cup 17 times.

Just before the start of the 2020–21 season the city of Friedrichshafen announced the ZF Arena, home of VfB Friedrichshafen since 2004, is closed immediately due to possible rust in the roof structure. After being forced to train in small gyms and to swap home games with the opponents, VfB Friedrichshafen moved to Zeppelin Cat Hall A1 which is a hall of the Friedrichshafen fair. The first match in the new arena was against Berlin Recycling Volleys, and took place on 21 November 2020.