hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. Mark's Square, Zagreb
St. Mark's Square (Croatian: Trg svetog Marka, abbreviated Trg sv. Marka, also known as Markov trg) is a square located in the old part of Zagreb, Croatia, called Gradec or Gornji grad (English: Upper town).

In the center of square is located St. Mark's Church. The square also sports important governmental buildings: Banski dvori (the seat of the Government of Croatia), Sabor Palace (the seat of the Croatian Parliament) and Constitutional Court of Croatia. On the corner of St. Mark's Square and the Street of Ćiril and Metod is the Old City Hall, where the Zagreb City Council held its sessions. The square is surrounded with museums including: Croatian History Museum, Croatian Museum of Naïve Art, Zagreb City Museum and Museum of Broken Relationships.

Zagreb City Museum
Zagreb City Museum or Museum of the City of Zagreb (Croatian: Muzej grada Zagreba) located in 20 Opatička Street, was established in 1907 by the Association of the Brethren of the Croatian Dragon (Croatian: Braća hrvatskoga zmaja).

It is located in a restored monumental complex (12th-century Popov toranj, the Observatory, 17th-century Zakmardi Granary) of the former Convent of the Poor Clares, of 1650.

The Museum deals with topics from the cultural, artistic, economic and political history of the city spanning from the prehistory, Roman finds to the modern period. The holdings comprise 75,000 items arranged systematically in a combined chronological and thematic approach into collections of artistic and mundane objects characteristic of the city and its history. It consists of a number of paintings, maps, city views, furniture, flags, military uniforms and coats of arms.
Visa policy of Egypt
Visitors to Egypt must obtain a visa from one of the Egyptian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries that are eligible for visa on arrival.

Visitors must hold passports that are valid for at least 6 months from the date of arrival to Egypt.

Sharm El Sheikh International Airport
Sharm El Sheikh International Airport (Arabic: مطار شرم الشيخ الدولي Maṭār Sharm El Sheikh El Dawli) (IATA: SSH, ICAO: HESH) is an international airport located in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. It is the third-busiest airport in Egypt after Cairo International Airport and Hurghada International Airport and one of the busiest airports in the Middle East. Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport has two main passenger terminals, with the larger terminal, handling most international flights, and the other terminal, which is primarily used for domestic flights.
Food challenge
Food challenges, such as the gallon challenge or the saltine cracker challenge, are specific  challenges or competitions involving food. Milk chugging is a popular competitive eating challenge on college campuses, and was promoted by MTV's Jackass in the early 2000s via their various food skits. Some challenges involve eating foods that may be considered disgusting by those taking the challenge.

With the rise of the Internet, Internet phenomena have increasingly spread through chain emails, YouTube, and social media, encouraging people to "challenge" their friends by spreading the message to others, as well as creating viral Internet memes.

Some "challenges" on the internet can seriously harm participants. The cinnamon challenge, a dare to attempt to eat a specified amount of ground cinnamon within a minute, has a strong risk of people gagging on cinnamon inhaled into the lungs. In July 2015, a four-year-old boy died of asphyxiation after accidentally inhaling some cinnamon.

Viral phenomenon
Viral phenomena or viral sensations are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.

The popularity of viral media has been fueled by the rapid rise of social network sites,: 17  wherein audiences—who are metaphorically described as experiencing "infection" and "contamination"—play as passive carriers rather than an active role to 'spread' content, making such content "go viral".: 21  The term viral media differs from spreadable media as the latter refers to the potential of content to become viral. Memes are one known example of informational viral patterns.
King of arms
King of arms is the senior rank of an officer of arms. In many heraldic traditions, only a king of arms has the authority to grant armorial bearings and sometimes certify genealogies and noble titles. In other traditions, the power has been delegated to other officers of similar rank.

Bureau of Heraldry
The Bureau of Heraldry is the South African heraldic authority, established in Pretoria on 1 June 1963. It is headed by a State Herald (known unofficially as the National Herald since 2004) and its functions are to register arms, badges, flags and seals (as well as names and uniforms), to keep a public register, to issue registration certificates and, since 1980, to advise the government on heraldic matters. Together with the Heraldry Council, it forms part of the National Archives and Records Service (formerly called the State Archives Service), which is currently under the authority of the Minister of Sports, Arts and Culture.
Bill Park
Bill Park (born 1952), is a Canadian swimming coach and former international swimmer. Since his competitive career in the 1960s and 1970s, Park has coached several Olympic, and Paralympic athletes including, Alex Baumann, Jessica Tuomela, Jenna Skieneh, and several other world-renowned athletes.

Par, has taken Olympic and Paralympic athletes since the 1984 Summer Olympics, in Los Angeles. Bill also coached for the Greater Trail Swim Club in Trail, British Columbia.

Alex Baumann
Alexander Baumann, OC OOnt (born April 21, 1964) is a Canadian sports administrator and former competitive swimmer who won two gold medals and set two world records at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. In 2007, he was regarded by the CBC, the national broadcaster, as "the greatest swimmer in Canadian history", as the twin Olympic gold medals were Canada's first in swimming since 1912.

Since he retired from competitive swimming, he has worked as an administrator in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

In May 2021, Baumann was appointed Chief Executive of Swimming Australia. At the end of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics held in 2021, Baumann subsequently resigned the position of CEO in August 2021, citing health reasons.
Let's Go (textbooks)
Let's Go is a series of American-English based EFL (English as a foreign language) textbooks developed by Oxford University Press and first released in 1990. While having its origins in ESL teaching in the US, and then as an early EFL resource in Japan, the series is currently in general use for English-language learners in over 160 countries around the world. The series is now in its 5th edition, which was released in 2019, although the 3rd series is still in print.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
2017 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2017 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the ninth official edition of the men's volleyball tournament, played by seven teams from 21 to 25 February 2017 in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sada Cruzeiro won its second consecutive title, the fourth overall, and qualified for the 2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship in Poland. Yoandry Leal was elected the Most Valuable Player.

2017 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
The 2017 FIVB Men's Club World Championship was the 13th edition of the tournament. It was held in Poland for the first time from 12 to 17 December 2017. Eight teams competed in the tournament, including two wild cards.

Russia's Zenit Kazan defeated Italy's Cucine Lube Civitanova in the final and won the title for the first time. Brazil's Sada Cruzeiro claimed the bronze medal by defeating Poland's PGE Skra Bełchatów in the 3rd place match. Osmany Juantorena from Cucine Lube Civitanova was elected the Most Valuable Player.
Andrei Korobeinik
Andrei Korobeinik (born 5 November 1980) is an Estonian computer programmer and entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Rate Solutions and Serenda Invest. He is better known as creator of Estonian social networking site, Rate.ee. Between 2011 and 2013 he was a member of the Estonian parliament.

In 2005, 51% share of the Rate.ee portal was sold to EMT for 39 million Estonian Krones (approximately 2 million EURO), making Andrei one of the youngest Estonian millionaires of that time. However, in 2012 Serenda Invest; a company that manages Rate.ee was purchased back from EMT which essentially put Andrei back in charge of his web portal. The price of this deal has not been revealed.

Korobeinik is the winner of 2008 British Council's International Young Interactive Entrepreneur Award. He is the member of Estonian Dragon's Den jury and does angel investments, mostly into internet start-ups.

Korobeinik has been on the jury at the annual Estonian TV show Ajujaht.

EMT (mobile operator)
AS EMT was Estonia's and one of the Baltic's largest mobile operator. Founded on 28 April 1991 as an Estonian under Eesti Telekom (now Telia Eesti).

On 20 January 2016, the company, along with telecommunications provider Elion were merged under the Telia name, along with parent company Eesti Telekom becoming Telia Eesti.

The company is headquartered in Tallinn. Traded on NASDAQ OMX stock exchanges.

AS EMT began operations on April 28, 1991, when a joint venture was formed by Eesti Telekom (51%), Sweden's Telia (24.5%) and Finland's Sonera (24.5%). On September 1, 2014, the company was merged with its parent company Eesti Telekom, which continued to use the EMT brand when offering mobile communication services. On January 20, 2016, Eesti Telekom changed its business name to Telia Eesti AS and merged the existing brands Elion and EMT into one Telia.
Savitri Jindal Airport
Angul Airport, also called Savitri Jindal Airport (ICAO: VEAL) is a private airport owned by Jindal Steel and Power under DGCA license and located at Angul in the Angul district of Odisha, India. The airport is named after the Jindal group businesswoman and the richest woman in India, Savitri Jindal. The nearest airfield is Phulbani Airstrip in Phulbani, Odisha.

Angul district
Angul district, also known as Anugul district, is one of the thirty districts of Odisha in eastern India. The city of Angul is the district headquarters of Angul district. A major industrial hub of the state, the district hosts numerous industries relating to coal, bauxite and steel apart from extensive forests including the Satkosia Tiger Reserve.
2024–25 Super Smash (women's cricket)
The 2024–25 Dream11 Super Smash was the eighteenth season of the women's Super Smash Twenty20 cricket competition played in New Zealand. It took place from 26 December 2024 to 2 February 2025, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Wellington Blaze were the defending champions.

The tournament was run alongside the 2024–25 Hallyburton Johnstone Shield.

The tournament was won by the Wellington Blaze, who defeated the Otago Sparks in the final.

Otago Sparks
The Otago Sparks is the women's cricket representative team for the New Zealand region of Otago and the surrounding area. They play their home games at University Oval, Dunedin. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.
Aqhari Abdullah
Muhammad Aqhari bin Abdullah (born 9 July 1991) is a Singaporean former footballer who played primarily as a full-back. Primarily a full-back, he is also capable of playing as a winger or central-midfielder.

2013 Malaysia Super League
The 2013 Liga Super (English: 2013 Super League) also known as the Astro Liga Super for sponsorship reasons, is the 10th season of the Liga Super, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 8 January and concluded on 6 July 2013. The Liga Super champions for 2013 was won by Singaporean side LionsXII.
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup squads
The 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup is an official FIFA international football tournament to be held in United States from June 5 to June 25, 2011. The twelve national teams involved in the tournament are required to register a squad of 23 players, as stipulated in the CONCACAF Gold Cup Tournament Rules and Regulations; only players listed in these squads are eligible to take part in the tournament. Listed players may only be substituted in the event of a serious injury up until 24 hours before the team's first match. The squads were submitted on May 21, 2011, 15 days prior to the first game.

2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 11th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup competition, and the 21st CONCACAF regional championship overall in CONCACAF's 50 years of existence. The United States was the host nation.

The competition started on June 5, 2011, at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas and ended with the final on June 25, 2011, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, with Mexico beating the United States 4–2.

This competition was the fifth tournament without guests from other confederations. Mexico won their sixth Gold Cup, and ninth CONCACAF Championship overall. It was the third consecutive Gold Cup final and second consecutive win also.

As winner of the tournament, Mexico qualified for the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from CONCACAF.
South East Hockey
The South East Hockey Association is the organising body for field hockey in the South East of England. It feeds teams into the Men's and Women's England Hockey Leagues and takes teams from sub-regional leagues.

Women's England Hockey League
The Women's England Hockey League is a field hockey league organised by England Hockey that features women's teams from England.  From 2011–2020 it was sponsored by Investec and was referred to as the Investec Women's Hockey League.
2013–14 Hibernian F.C. season
The 2013–14 season was Hibernian's fifteenth consecutive season in the top flight of the Scottish football league system, having been promoted from the Scottish First Division at the end of the 1998–99 season. Having lost the 2013 Scottish Cup Final to league champions Celtic, Hibs entered the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League, but suffered a Scottish record aggregate defeat against Swedish club Malmö in the second qualifying round. Hibs also competed in the 2013–14 Scottish League Cup but lost to Heart of Midlothian in the quarter-final at Easter Road. Days after that defeat, manager Pat Fenlon resigned and was replaced with Terry Butcher. Hibs were knocked out of the 2013–14 Scottish Cup in the fifth round by Raith Rovers. A long winless run to finish the 2013–14 Scottish Premiership season meant that Hibs finished in 11th place, and they were relegated after a playoff against Hamilton Academical.

2013–14 Scottish Cup
The 2013–14 Scottish Cup was the 129th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 14 September 2013 and ended on 17 May 2014. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the third season of a five-year partnership after a two-year extension was agreed, and was known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.

St Johnstone won their first ever Scottish Cup after a 2–0 win against Dundee United in the final.
Knoxville WPA Athletic Field Historic District
The Knoxville WPA Athletic Field Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Knoxville, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.  At the time of its nomination the district consisted of 14 resources, including three contributing buildings, seven contributing structures, one contributing site, two noncontributing buildings, and one noncontributing structure.  The oldest structure in the district is the city-owned water tower that was completed in 1922 on what was the city reservoir. Two Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects were added in the 1930s.

Knoxville, Iowa
Knoxville is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,595 at the time of the 2020 census, an increase from 7,313 in the 2010 census. Knoxville is home of the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame & Museum, located next to the Knoxville Raceway dirt track. Knoxville is located 4 miles south of Lake Red Rock and Elk Rock State Park.
M2 (TV channel)
M2 (em kettő) is a Hungarian television channel owned and operated by Duna Média since 2015. It is also transmitted in high definition.

On 22 December 2012, M2's daytime hours became dedicated to children's programming. Since 15 March 2015, the night-time programming is called M2 Petőfi.

Similar to TVP ABC in Poland, CBeebies, CBBC, and BBC Three in the UK, or ČT :D in the Czech Republic, M2 broadcasts children's programming during the day, while M2 Petőfi targets youth audiences as it broadcasts at night featuring music videos (local and abroad), music-related (music concerts), youth-related programming, and exclusive content from its radio counterpart, Petőfi Rádió.

ČT Déčko
ČT Déčko (styled on-air as () :D) is a Czech free-to-air television channel operated by Czech Television, specialising in children's content designed for viewers of 2 to 12 years of age. The channel began broadcasting on 31 August 2013, with Petr Koliha as its first executive director.

ČT Déčko broadcasts from 6 am to 8 pm, and shares its frequency with cultural channel ČT art, which uses the remaining hours.
Chronica de gestis consulum Andegavorum
The Chronica de gestis consulum Andegavorum ("Chronicle of the deeds of the consuls of Anjou"), or simply Gesta consulum Andegavorum, is a Latin history of the Ingelgerian dynasty of the county of Anjou written in the early 12th century, probably between 1106 and 1109, during the second reign of Count Fulk IV.

The Chronica survives in five different redactions represented by seven manuscripts. The text was revised and expanded several times in the 12th century, the last time in 1172 by John, a monk of Marmoutier près Tours. The Chronica often appears together in manuscripts with two other Angevin historical works, the Liber de compositione castri Ambaziae and Gesta Ambasiensium dominorum.

The Chronica consists of a series of biographies beginning with the supposed founder of the dynasty, Tertullus, who is not mentioned in any earlier source.

Liber de compositione castri Ambaziae et ipsius dominorum gesta
The Liber de compositione castri Ambaziae et ipsius dominorum gesta (Book about the Construction of the Castle of Amboise and the Deeds of Its Lords) is an anonymous 12th-century Latin chronicle of the early history of the lords and castle of Amboise. It begins with an account of Touraine and its historical narrative proceeds from Julius Caesar (died 44 BC) down to Louis VII (AD 1137–1180).
Simple Dietz method
The simple Dietz method is a means of measuring historical investment portfolio performance, compensating for external flows into/out of the portfolio during the period. The formula for the simple Dietz return is as follows:

where

is the portfolio rate of return,

is the beginning market value,

is the ending market value, and

is the net external inflow during the period (flows out of the portfolio are negative and flows into the portfolio are positive).

It is based on the assumption that all external flows occur at the half-way point in time within the evaluation period (or are spread evenly across the period, and so the flows occur on average at the middle of the period).

Internal rate of return
Internal rate of return (IRR) is a method of calculating an investment's rate of return. The term internal refers to the fact that the calculation excludes external factors, such as the risk-free rate, inflation, the cost of capital, or financial risk.

The method may be applied either ex-post or ex-ante. Applied ex-ante, the IRR is an estimate of a future annual rate of return. Applied ex-post, it measures the actual achieved investment return of a historical investment.

It is also called the discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) or yield rate.
Georgetown University Medical Center
Georgetown University Medical Center is a Washington, D.C.–based biomedical research and educational organization affiliated with Georgetown University that is responsible for over 80% of the university's sponsored research funding and is led by Norman J. Beauchamp, MD, MHS, the Executive Vice President for Health Sciences and Executive Dean of the School of Medicine.

The medical center adjoins Georgetown University Hospital on the university's main campus in Washington, D.C. It encompasses four sectors of medical education and research: Georgetown University School of Medicine, the Berkley School of Nursing, the School of Health, and the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Richard Schlegel
C. Richard Schlegel is an American scientist and professor. He was the Chair of the Department of Pathology at Georgetown University from 2000-2019 and is now the director of the Center for Cell Reprogramming at Georgetown. Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells (CRC) technology.
Patricia E. Paetow High School
Patricia E. Paetow High School (PHS) is a senior high school in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, in Greater Katy. It is a part of the Katy Independent School District.

The school opened in August 2017 to 9th and 10th grade students, relieving Katy High School and Morton Ranch High School. The more than 635,000-square-foot (59,000 m2) building, with a capacity of 3,000, has three stories. On December 17, 2020, Paetow’s football team had their season cut short due to Covid-19 Outbreak. On December 17, 2021, Paetow won the UIL Football Conference 5A Division 1 State Championship.

Katy High School
Katy High School is a high school located in Katy, Texas which serves grades 9 through 12. It is a part of the Katy Independent School District. The school serves the City of Katy and draws students from Harris County, Waller County, and Fort Bend County.
Qatar-2
Qatar-2 is a K-type main-sequence star about 595 light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. The star is much older than Sun, and has a concentration of heavy elements similar to solar abundance. The star features a numerous and long-lived starspots, and belongs to a peculiar variety of inflated K-dwarfs with strong magnetic activity inhibiting internal convection.

K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars are intermediate in size between red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs, hence the term orange dwarfs often applied to this type.