hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jyoti swarupini
Jyotiswarupini (pronounced jyōtiswarūpini) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 68th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Ragavardhini, which is the 32nd melakarta. It is called Jyōtirāga or Joti or Jyōti in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Belvedere (structure)
A belvedere (/ˈbɛlvəˌdɪər/ BEL-və-deer; Italian for 'beautiful view') or belvidere is an architectural structure sited to take advantage of a fine or scenic view.  The term has been used both for rooms in the upper part of a building or structures on the roof, or a separate pavilion in a garden or park.  The actual structure can be of any form or style, including a turret, a cupola or an open gallery.  The term may be also used for a paved terrace or just a place with a good viewpoint, but no actual building.

It has also been used as a name for a whole building, as in the Belvedere, Vienna, a huge palace, or Belvedere Castle, a folly in Central Park in New York.

Turret (architecture)
In architecture, a turret is a small circular tower, usually notably smaller than the main structure, that projects outwards from a wall or corner of that structure. Turret also refers to the small towers built atop larger tower structures.
Mims (rapper)
Shawn Maurice Mims (born March 22, 1981), known mononymously as Mims (backronym for Music Is My Savior; stylized as MIMS), is an American rapper. He is best known for his 2006 debut single "This Is Why I'm Hot", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100. Its success led him to sign with Capitol Records, and preceded his debut studio album, Music Is My Savior (2007). His second album, Guilt (2009), was preceded by the single "Move (If You Wanna)", his third and final Billboard Hot 100 entry.

IHeartRadio MMVAs
The iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards were an awards show broadcast annually on Much from 1990 to 2018, and Fuse from 2010 to 2013 that honoured the year's best music videos.

Originally debuting in 1990 as the Canadian Music Video Awards, the awards were renamed in 1995 to the MuchMusic Video Awards. In 2016, the show was rebranded under the iHeartRadio banner after Much's parent company, Bell Media, reached a licensing agreement with iHeartMedia. The show's full name was officially dropped in 2018. The 2018 edition would ultimately be the last, amidst the scaling back and eventual discontinuation of all music programming on the channel due to declining ratings.
BibBase
BibBase is a free web-service for creating and maintaining publication pages. BibBase takes its input from a BibTex file or from DBLP, Zotero, BibSonomy, or Mendeley. It produces both HTML renderings, which can be embedded into an existing web page, as well as RSS feeds that allows others to subscribe to updates about new publications from the user.

It can publish "semantically annotated metadata" for papers. Ullah, et al. note the shortcomings of BibBase's adherence to Law of Demeter principles when language translation is taken into account.

Mendeley
Mendeley is a reference manager software founded in 2007 by PhD students Paul Foeckler, Victor Henning, Jan Reichelt and acquired by the Dutch academic publishing company Elsevier in 2013. It is used to manage and share research papers and to generate bibliographies for scholarly articles.
Algerian Handball Federation
Algerian Handball Federation (Arabic: الاتحادية الجزائرية لكرة اليد, French: Fédération Algérienne de Handball) (FAHB) is the national handball and beach handball federation in Algeria. FAHB organizes handball within Algeria, and represents Algerian handball internationally. The federation is a member of the African Handball Confederation (CAHB), Algerian Olympic Committee and the International Handball Federation (IHF). The current president of the FAHB from 6 March 2025 on is Mourad Boussebt.

African Handball Confederation
The African Handball Confederation (acronym CAHB, referring to French: Confédération Africaine de Handball) is the administrative and controlling body for African team handball. Founded on 15 January 1973 after the 2nd All-Africa Games in Lagos (Nigeria), it represents the national handball associations of Africa under the supervision of the International Handball Federation (IHF).

The CAHB headquarters is located in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Its current president is Dr. Mansourou Aremou from Benin. The motto of the organisation is "Let's build African Handball together."
ICG plc
ICG is a private equity investment firm focused on providing capital to help companies grow through private and public markets and provides a number of strategies and funds aimed at institutional investors. It is headquartered in London, England, with offices in a further 18 countries, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Cynthia Biggs
Cynthia Biggs, lawfully known as Cynthia Biggs El, is an American songwriter, producer, publisher and vocalist who wrote music and lyrics for the Philadelphia International Records label. Her main collaborations were with composers Dexter Wansel, Bruce Hawes, and Theodore Wortham. Cynthia has more than 350 songwriting credits including Patti LaBelle's 1983 single If Only You Knew, which reached number 1 on Billboard magazine's Top 100 R&B Singles chart for four consecutive weeks in January 1984.

Born near North Carolina territory, Cynthia was three when her family moved near Philadelphia territory. She joined her high school's gospel choir, continuing to write music for them after she graduated. Her original music garnered attention during the group's performances, leading to the offer to sign an exclusive songwriter's contract with Philadelphia International Records' Mighty Three Music Group in 1974.

The Stylistics
The Stylistics are an American Philadelphia soul group that achieved their greatest chart success in the 1970s. They formed in 1968, with a lineup of singers Russell Thompkins Jr., Herb Murrell, Airrion Love, James Smith, and James Dunn. All of their U.S. hits were ballads characterized by the falsetto of Russell Thompkins Jr. and the production of Thom Bell. During the early 1970s, the group had twelve consecutive R&B top ten hits including "Stop, Look, Listen", "You Are Everything", "Betcha by Golly, Wow", "I'm Stone in Love with You", "Break Up to Make Up", "People Make the World Go Round" and "You Make Me Feel Brand New". They had five gold singles and three gold albums.
America (1897)
The America, No. 1 was a 19th-century American pilot boat built in 1897 for Captain James H. Reid Sr. of Boston and designed by Boston designer Thomas F. McManus. The Boston America did not resemble her famous namesake, yacht  America, rather she was designed with a fishing schooner "Indian header" bow. After serving 21 years in the Boston Pilots' Association, the America was sold to David W. Simpson of Boston in 1918.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Jewish community of Fes
The Jewish community of Fes was a community that existed in the city of Fes in Morocco for the last thousand years. Throughout the years, there were rabbis, poets and famous linguists in this community, who greatly influenced Jewish communities in Morocco and throughout the world.

Megorashim
Megorashim (Hebrew: מגורשים "expelled") or rūmiyīn (Moroccan Arabic: روميين, lit. 'Romans, Europeans, foreigners') is a term used to refer to Jews from the Iberian Peninsula who arrived in North Africa as a result of the anti-Jewish persecutions of 1391 and the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. These migrants were distinct from pre-existing North African Jews called Toshavim. The Toshavim had been present in North Africa since ancient times, spoke the local languages (Darija or Tamazight), and had traditions that were influenced by Maghrebi Islam. The Megorashim influenced North African Judaism, incorporating traditions from Spain. They eventually merged with the Toshavim, so that it is now difficult to distinguish between the two groups. The Jews of North Africa are often referred to as Sephardi, a term that emphasizes their Iberian traditions.
WIND (AM)
WIND (560 kHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Chicago, Illinois,
and broadcasting a conservative talk radio format. It is owned by the Salem Media Group with studios on NW Point Boulevard in Elk Grove Village.

WIND transmits with 5,000 watts, using a directional antenna with a four-tower array, in Griffith, Indiana. Due to its location near the bottom of the AM dial, transmitter power, and the surrounding region's flat land, WIND's daytime signal covers much of Northeast Illinois, Northwest Indiana and Southeastern Wisconsin. Its nighttime pattern concentrates its signal in the Chicago and Milwaukee areas.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
1980s in Bangladesh
The 1980s (pronounced "nineteen-eighties", commonly shortened as the "'80s", pronounced "eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989. For Bangladesh this decade was characterized by economic hardship, natural disasters and military dictatorship. Hussain Muhammad Ershad ruled Bangladesh almost throughout the decade. Infrastructure development was slow but there was notable progress in local government administration, population control and NGO led microfinance activities which boosted the rural economy. The urge of freedom of speech and return to democracy influenced the cultural activities in the decade.

Syed Shamsul Haque
Syed Shamsul Haq (27 December 1935 – 27 September 2016) was a Bangladeshi writer. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1966 (the youngest among all to receive it), Ekushey Padak in 1984 and Independence Day Award in 2000 by the Government of Bangladesh for his contributions to Bangla literature. His notable works include "Payer Awaj Pawa Jai", "Nishiddho Loban", "Khelaram Khele Ja", "Neel Dongshon" and "Mrigoya". He is known as ❝Sabyasachi❞ for his contribution to every branch of litareture.
EdCIL
EdCIL (India) Limited or simply EdCIL (earlier known as Educational Consultants India Limited) is a Public Sector Undertaking in India under the administrative control of the Ministry of Education, India. It is a Miniratna-I category company. EdCIL offers management and consultancy services in all areas of education and human resource development, both within India and overseas.

Ministry of Education (India)
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India has had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education.
Sidvokodvo
Sidvokodvo is a town in central Eswatini, situated south of Manzini. It used to host Eswatini Railway's steam shed, but steam traction has long been abandoned in Eswatini. The station area is now completely fenced and used by carriage repair industry.

Sidvokodvo is the terminus of the Swazilink rail project, which would connect Eswatini to Mpumalanga.

Manzini
Manzini (formerly Bremersdorp) is a large city in Eswatini, which is also the city of Eswatini's Manzini Region. The city is the country's second  largest urban center behind the capital Mbabane, with a population of 110,000 (2008). It is known as "The Hub" of Eswatini and lies on the MR3 road. Eswatini's primary industrial site at Matsapha lies near the town's western border.
Tudor navy
The Tudor navy was the navy of the Kingdom of England under the ruling Tudor dynasty (1485–1603). The period involved important and critical changes that led to the establishment of a permanent navy and laid the foundations for the future Royal Navy.

Grace Dieu (ship)
Grace Dieu was the flagship of King Henry V of England and one of the largest ships of her time.  Launched in 1418, she sailed on only one voyage and was subsequently laid up at anchor in the River Hamble. She burned in 1439 after being struck by lightning. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.
Sathi railway station
Sathi railway station is a railway station on Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line under the Samastipur railway division of East Central Railway zone. This is situated beside Sathi Bazar Main Road at Paroraha, Sathi in West Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar.

Samastipur railway division
Samastipur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The division was established in 1969 and is headquartered at Samastipur, Bihar. The current Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) is Shri Jyoti Prakash Mishra.

Other divisions under the East Central Railway Zone include Danapur railway division, Mughalsarai railway division, Dhanbad railway division, and Sonpur railway division, all headquartered at Hajipur.
Eleasalo Ale
La'apui Talauega Eleasalo Va'alele "Salo" Ale (born February 17, 1969) is an American Samoan attorney who served as the tenth lieutenant governor of American Samoa, from 2021 to 2025. He previously served as Attorney General of American Samoa from 2014 to 2020. On January 13, 2020, Ale resigned as attorney general to pursue politics.

Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa
The government of American Samoa consists of a locally elected governor, lieutenant governor and the American Samoa Fono, which consists of an 18-member Senate and a 21-member House of Representatives.  The first popular election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor took place in 1977. Candidates for the offices run together on a joint ticket. The first woman to run for election was Arieta Enesi Mulitauaopele in 1977.

The current lieutenant governor is Pula Ae Ae, who has been in office since 2025.
Kalab-e Vosta
Kalab-e Vosta (Persian: كلاب وسطي, also Romanized as Kalāb-e Vosţá) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 18 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ غربي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, in southwestern Iran. It is administered from the city of Qaleh Raisi.
Yousef Madani Tabrizi
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Yousef Madani Tabrizi (Persian: السيد يوسف مدنی تبریزی; 1928-16 June 2013) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

He studied in seminaries of Qum, Iran under Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi and Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei. He is the author of many Islamic books.

He died due to old age on 16 June 2013.

Husayn Burujardi
Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Ali Tabatabaei Borujerdi (Luri/Persian: آیت الله العظمی سید حسین طباطبایی بروجردی; 23 March 1875 – 30 March 1961) was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and marja' of Iran from 1947 to his death in 1961. He was a major proponent for the elimination of Baha'is in Iran.
2024 Finlandia Trophy
The 2024 Finlandia Trophy was the fifth event of the 2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Helsinki Ice Hall in Helsinki, Finland, from November 15–17.  Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters also earned points toward qualifying for the 2024–25 Grand Prix Final.

2024–25 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2024–25 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final and ISU Junior Grand Prix Final was held from December 5–8, 2024, at the Patinoire Polesud in Grenoble, France. The combined event was the culmination of two international series: the Grand Prix of Figure Skating and the Junior Grand Prix. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at both the senior and junior levels.

The Grand Prix Final was originally to be held in Orléans, France, but the French Federation of Ice Sports chose to relocate the event to Grenoble.
1998 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 1998 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the 32nd edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 6 September 1998. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Jo Planckaert.

Tour of Leuven
Tour of Leuven - Memorial Jef Scherens (until 2021 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens) is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in September in Leuven, Belgium. Since 2005, the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race is named after the seven-time professional sprint world champion Jef Scherens.

The local city circuit from the 2021 UCI Road World Championships, hosted in Leuven, was largely based on the circuit that is ridden during the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens.
Aleksei Pogorelov
Aleksei Vasilyevich Pogorelov (Russian: Алексе́й Васи́льевич Погоре́лов, Ukrainian: Олексі́й Васи́льович Погорє́лов; 3 March 1919 – 17 December 2002), was a Soviet mathematician. Specialist in the field of convex and differential geometry, geometric PDEs and elastic shells theory, the author of novel school textbooks on geometry and university textbooks on analytical geometry, on differential geometry, and on the foundations of geometry.

Pogorelov's uniqueness theorem and the Alexandrov–Pogorelov theorem are named after him.

Yurii Reshetnyak
Yurii Grigorievich Reshetnyak (Russian: Ю́рий Григо́рьевич Решетня́к, 26 September 1929 – 17 December 2021) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician and academician.

He worked in geometry and the theory of functions of a real variable. He was known for his work in the Reshetnyak gluing theorem. Reshetnyak received the 2000 Lobachevsky Prize from the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Reshetnyak died on 17 December 2021, at the age of 92.
Compassberg
Compassberg (Afrikaans: Kompasberg), is a mountain peak of the Sneeuberge range in South Africa. It is located 55 km due north of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape Province. At 2502 metres, it is the highest peak in South Africa outside the Stormberg-Drakensberg massif. It was named by Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon when he accompanied Governor Joachim van Plettenberg on a journey to the eastern frontier of the Cape Colony in 1778.

The mountain is composed of sediments of the Beaufort Series in the Karoo System, and extensively intruded by dolerite dikes and sills.

Beaufort Group
The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup  in South Africa. It is composed of a lower Adelaide Subgroup and an upper Tarkastad Subgroup. It follows conformably after the Ecca Group and unconformably underlies the Stormberg Group. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations, palynological analyses, and other means of geological dating, the Beaufort Group rocks are considered to range between Middle Permian (Wordian) to Early Triassic (Anisian) in age.
Barbara Ehrenreich
Barbara Ehrenreich (/ˈɛərənraɪk/, AIR-ən-rike; née Alexander; August 26, 1941 – September 1, 2022) was an American author and political activist. During the 1980s and early 1990s, she was a prominent figure in the Democratic Socialists of America. She was a widely read and award-winning columnist and essayist and the author of 21 books. Ehrenreich was best known for her 2001 book Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, a memoir of her three-month experiment surviving on a series of minimum-wage jobs. She was a recipient of a Lannan Literary Award and the Erasmus Prize.

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML /ˈnɔːrməl/ ⓘ) is a social welfare organization based in Washington, D.C., that advocates for the reform of marijuana laws in the United States regarding both medical and non-medical use.

According to their website, NORML supports "the removal of all penalties for the private possession and responsible use of marijuana by adults, including cultivation for personal use, and casual nonprofit transfers of small amounts" and advocates for "the creation of a legal and regulatory framework for marijuana's production and retail sale to adults".

NORML also has a sister organization, The NORML Foundation, that focuses on educational efforts and providing legal assistance and support to people affected negatively by current marijuana laws. NORML maintains chapters in a number of US states as well as outside the US in countries such as Canada, France, New Zealand, and South Africa.
WJ3 Records
WJ3 Records is an American independent jazz record label owned by WJ3 Productions, LLC, registered in New York and based in Brooklyn. The principal is Willie Jones III, a jazz drummer based in Brooklyn. WJ3 Productions was founded March 14, 2000.

Gregory Tardy
Gregory Tardy (born February 3, 1966) is an American jazz saxophonist and clarinetist, who has released albums for the record labels WJ3 Records SteepleChase Records, J Curve Records, and Impulse! Records. He has played with Elvin Jones, Avishai Cohen, Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis, Aaron Goldberg, Brad Mehldau, and Joshua Redman, among many others.