hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aeroperlas
Aeroperlas (acronym for Aerolíneas Islas de Las Perlas) was a regional airline based in Panama City, Panama. It was the third largest airline in the country, surpassed only by Air Panama and Copa Airlines. From its hub at Marcos A. Gelabert and Enrique Malek International Airports, Aeroperlas operated over 50 daily scheduled flights to 15 domestic destinations, as well as charter and courier flights. It operated services as part of the Grupo TACA regional airlines system.

On February 29, 2012, Aeroperlas ceased operations due to financial problems.

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (short takeoff and landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production. It was built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988. In 2022, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the name De Havilland Canada. In 2023, DHC started production of the 300-G, an upgraded version of the Series 400 with Garmin avionics.

The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. The Twin Otter has also been popular with commercial skydiving operations and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force.
Neil Henry
Neil Henry (born 23 January 1961) is an Australian professional rugby league football coach and former player. He was formerly the head coach for the Canberra Raiders, North Queensland Cowboys and Gold Coast Titans of the National Rugby League. He has been described as, "one of the game's best tacticians."

Indigenous All Stars (rugby league)
The Indigenous Australian rugby league team (also known as the Indigenous All Stars) is a rugby league team that represents Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. The team was first formed in 1973 and currently plays in an annual All Stars Match against the New Zealand Māori rugby league team.
2010 UK Independence Party leadership election
The UK Independence Party (UKIP) leadership election of 2010 was triggered on 17 August 2010 with the resignation of the incumbent leader, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, following difficulties during the 2010 general election campaign, with the result announced on 5 November 2010. Lord Pearson of Rannoch had been leader of the party since the previous leadership election, less than a year earlier. Jeffrey Titford was appointed interim leader during the summer by the UKIP National Executive Committee. Nigel Farage won the election with over 60% of the vote.

2009 UK Independence Party leadership election
The UK Independence Party (UKIP) held a leadership election in 2009, with ballots closing on 26 November.  The election was won by Malcolm Pearson.

The Eurosceptic party had been led by Nigel Farage since he won the 2006 leadership election.  He announced his resignation from the post in September 2009, stating that he wanted to devote more time to his campaign for a seat in the House of Commons.
Tenrikyo anthropology
In the Tenrikyo religion, Tenrikyo anthropology (天理人学, Tenri ningaku) is the study of humanity and its relationship to God in the context of Tenrikyo theology. This is not to be confused with the social science of anthropology.

Tenrikyo theology
Tenrikyo theology (天理教学 Tenrikyōgaku) is the theology of the Tenrikyo religion. The discipline of Tenrikyo theology consists of scriptural studies (studies of the Ofudesaki, Mikagura-uta, and Osashizu), historical theology, dogmatic theology, and practical theology.
Suprafix
In linguistics, a suprafix is a type of affix that gives a suprasegmental pattern (such as tone, stress, or nasalization) to either a neutral base or a base with a preexisting suprasegmental pattern. This affix will, then, convey a derivational or inflectional meaning. This suprasegmental pattern acts like segmental phonemes within a morpheme; the suprafix is a combination of suprasegmental phonemes, organized into a pattern, that creates a morpheme. For example, a number of African languages express tense / aspect distinctions by tone. English has a process of changing stress on verbs to create nouns.

Simulfix
In linguistics, a simulfix is a type of affix that changes one or more existing phonemes (usually vowels) in order to modify the meaning of a morpheme.

Examples of simulfixes in English are generally considered irregularities, surviving results of Germanic umlaut. They include:

man → men, woman → women

louse → lice, mouse → mice

foot → feet, tooth → teeth

The transfixes of the Semitic languages may be considered a form of discontinuous simulfix.

In Javanese and colloquial Indonesian, simulfixation productively occurs to form active verbs and to derive verbs from noun bases. For example:

cuci → nyuci (to wash)

tulis → nulis (to write)

kopi (coffee) → ngopi (to drink coffee)

sapu (broom) → nyapu (to sweep)

tongkrong (hangout) → nongkrong (to hang out)

pacul (hoe) → macul (to hoe)
Quartus supra
Quartus supra ([Twenty-]four) is an encyclical of Pope Pius IX, dated 6 January 1873, addressed to the Armenian Catholic Church. The encyclical discusses the then-ongoing schism within the Patriarchate of Cilicia, the election of bishops, and supremacy of the Holy See.

Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Istanbul
The Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Istanbul, also known as Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Constantinople, serves Armenian Catholics in Turkey and is under the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia. Its cathedral is St. Mary of Sakızağaç Cathedral in Istanbul.
Paihia
Paihia is a town in the Bay of Islands in the  Northland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is 60 kilometres north of Whangārei, located close to the historic towns of Russell and Kerikeri.  Missionary Henry Williams named the mission station Marsden's Vale. Paihia eventually became the accepted name of the settlement.

Nearby to the north is the historic settlement of Waitangi, and the residential and commercial area of Haruru Falls is to the west. The port and township of Opua, and the small settlement of Te Haumi, lie to the south.

Whangārei
Whangārei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region. It is part of the Whangarei District, created in 1989 from the former Whangarei City, Whangarei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,100 in June 2025, an increase from 47,000 in 2001.
Lastage
Lastage is a neighborhood in the Centrum borough of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is located between the Geldersekade and Oudeschans canals, and north of Sint Antoniesbreestraat, just east of old medieval city, and developed as the city's first maritime industrial quarter.

Uilenburg
Uilenburg is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Uilenburg is an island surrounded by the Oudeschans canal to the northwest, the Houtkopersburgwal canal to the southwest, the Uilenburgergracht to the southeast and the Rapenburgwal to the northeast.
The Nieuwe Uilenburgerstraat runs along the length of the island, crossing the Houtkopersburgwal and Uilenburgergracht by bridges.

52°22′13″N 4°54′18″E﻿ / ﻿52.37028°N 4.90500°E﻿ / 52.37028; 4.90500
Newton and Haceby
Newton and Haceby is a civil parish in North Kesteven, Lincolnshire, England. It includes the separate hamlets of Newton and Haceby. The population of the civil parish (including Walcot) at the 2011 census was 137.

Local democracy is handled together with the adjacent parish of Walcot near Folkingham in the Newton, Haceby and Walcot Parish Meeting.

The parish is bounded on the north by the A52 Grantham to Boston road, and on the east by the A15 Bourne to Sleaford road. There are no major routes within the parish, only minor roads linking the farms and hamlets. Most of the parish is about 200 feet (61 m) above sea level, though a small stream lies in a narrow valley down to the road junction known as Newton Bar. A number of small woodlands are scattered through the parish, which is otherwise mostly open farmland.

A15 road (England)
The A15 is a major road in England. It runs north from Peterborough via Market Deeping, Bourne, Sleaford and Lincoln along a variety of ancient, Roman, and Turnpike alignments before it is interrupted at its junction with the M180 near Scawby. The road restarts 10 miles (16 km) east, and then continues north past Barton-upon-Humber, crossing the Humber on the Humber Bridge before terminating at Hessle near Kingston upon Hull.
Niemi, Lahti
Niemi is the 4th district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It borders the districts of Mukkula in the north, Kivimaa in the east, Kiveriö in the southeast and Keski-Lahti and Kartano in the south, as well as lake Vesijärvi in the west.

The population of the statistical district of Niemi was 1,828 in 2019.

Mukkula
Mukkula (Swedish: Mokulla) is the 7th district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland.

Mukkula has belonged to Hollola, from where it was joined to Lahti in 1933. In Swedish, the name has been Mokulla or Muckula.

The population of the statistical district of Mukkula was 4,262 in 2019.
Biblical Sabbath
The Sabbath is a weekly day of rest or time of worship given in the Bible as the seventh day. It is observed differently in Judaism and Christianity and informs a similar occasion in several other faiths. Observation and remembrance of Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments ("Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy") considered to be the fourth in Judaism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and most Protestant traditions, and the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions.

Legalism (theology)
In Christian theology, "legalism" (or "nomism") is a pejorative term applied by some denominations and sects to the idea that "by doing good works or by obeying the law, a person earns and merits salvation." The term has been criticized by certain Christian traditions, such as Conservative Anabaptists who have said that being a disciple of Jesus means being obedient to New Testament commands (such as the holy kiss, baptism, communion, headcovering, and feet washing), and the same is "crucial evidence that an individual has repented, believed, and yielded to Christ."
Nangchu River
Nangchu River (Chinese: 年楚河, Wylie: myang chu, ZYPY: མྱང་ཆུ), or Nianchu River, the largest tributary of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo, is located in Samzhubzê, Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region.

Yarlung Tsangpo
The Yarlung Tsangpo, also called Yarlung Zangbo (Tibetan: ཡར་ཀླུངས་གཙང་པོ་, Wylie: yar kLungs gTsang po, ZWPY: Yarlung Zangbo) and Yalu Zangbu River (Chinese: 雅鲁藏布江; pinyin: Yǎlǔzàngbù Jiāng) is the upper course of Brahmaputra River. It flows through the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Arunachal Pradesh state of India. It is the longest river of Tibet and the fifth longest in China. The upper section is also called Dangque Zangbu meaning "Horse River".

Originating from the Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley. When leaving the Tibetan Plateau, the river forms the world's largest and deepest canyon, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon. before passing into Arunachal Pradesh where it gets far wider and is called the Siang. After reaching Assam, the river becomes known as the Brahmaputra.
Ephesians 1
Ephesians 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Ephesians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Traditionally, it is believed to have been written by Apostle Paul while he was in prison in Rome (around AD 62), but more recently, it has been suggested that it was written between AD 80 and 100 by another writer using Paul's name and style. This chapter contains the greeting, followed by a section about "The Blessing of God" and Paul's prayer.

James Dunn (theologian)
James Douglas Grant Dunn FBA (21 October 1939 – 26 June 2020), also known as Jimmy Dunn, was a British New Testament scholar, who was for many years the Lightfoot Professor of Divinity in the Department of Theology at the University of Durham. He is best known for his work on the New Perspective on Paul, which is also the title of a book he published in 2007.

He worked broadly within the Methodist tradition and was a member of the Church of Scotland and the Methodist Church of Great Britain during his life.
Wix Wickens
Paul "Wix" Wickens is an English musician best known as keyboardist and musical director of Paul McCartney's touring band since 1989. In a career that started in 1973, Wickens has also worked with artists including Nik Kershaw, Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, Bon Jovi, Edie Brickell, Kevin Coyne, David Gilmour and many others.

Edie Brickell
Edie Arlisa Brickell (born March 10, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter widely known for 1988's Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars, the debut album by Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, which went to No. 4 on the Billboard albums chart. She is married to singer-songwriter Paul Simon.
V. Ramankutty
V. Ramankutty (also known as V. Raman Kutty) is an Indian   health economist, and epidemiologist,   currently research director of Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur and an emeritus professor at the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology. He is the son of former chief minister of Kerala, C. Achutha Menon.

University of Kerala
University of Kerala, commonly referred to as Kerala University (KU, ISO: Kēraḷa Sarvakālāśāla), formerly known as University of Travancore is a public state university in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala, India. It was established in 1937 by a promulgation of the Maharajah of Travancore, Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma who was also the first Chancellor of the university. C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer, the then Diwan (Prime Minister) of the State was the first Vice-Chancellor. It was the first university in Kerala, and among the first in the country. It is accredited by NAAC with highest grade of 'A++' and scored 3.67 points out of 4.

The university has over 150 affiliated colleges and has sixteen faculties and 43 Departments of teaching and research. The Governor of Kerala serves as the Chancellor of university.
Amtsgericht Nordhausen
Amtsgericht Nordhausen is the District Court of Nordhausen and one of 23 district courts in Thuringia, Germany. Established in 1879, it has approximately 60 employees, including judges. The jurisdiction of the district court of Nordhausen includes the core city of Nordhausen, Ellrich and Bleicherode, the management communities of Goldene Aue and  Hohnstein/Südharz, the unified communities of Werther and Hohenstein, and the community of Sollstedt.

Goldene Aue
The Goldene Aue (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔldənə ˈʔaʊə], "golden lowland", also " ... bottom" or " ... meadow" / " ... pasture", with "Au[e]" referring to a low-lying area, often a wetland) is a valley in eastern Germany, in the states Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt.

It is situated between the towns Nordhausen in the west, and Sangerhausen in the east. It is bordered by the mountain ranges Harz in the north, and Windleite and Kyffhäuser in the south. The river Helme flows through the Goldene Aue.
Grandparents' Day
Grandparents' Day or National Grandparents' Day is a secular holiday celebrated in various countries; it is celebrated to show the bond between grandparents and grandchildren. It occurs on various days of the year, either as one holiday or sometimes as a separate Grandmother's Day and   Grandfather's Day. It was celebrated for the first time in Poland in 1965.

Saint Anne
According to Christian tradition, Saint Anne (also known as Ann or Anna) was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Ann's name and that of her husband Joachim come from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150 AD) seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.
Tower Centre
Tower Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is an office tower and retail centre connected to the Calgary Tower. It is only three minutes on foot from the CTrain's 1 Street SW station and Centre Street station. It was called Palliser Square from its opening in 1969 until the name was changed to Tower Centre in November 1989. Since 2003, Tower Centre has also been the home of Vertigo Theatre.

1 Street SW station
1 Street SW Station is a stop in Downtown Calgary on the city's CTrain light rail system. The 1 Street platform is served by westbound trains only, with the nearest eastbound train platforms being Centre Street station and 3 Street SW station, both of which only serve eastbound trains. The platform is located on the north side of 7 Avenue South, west of Centre Street within the free fare zone, serving both routes 201 and 202.
Xie Xuren
Xie Xuren (Chinese: 谢旭人; born October 1947) is a Chinese politician, serving since 2013 as the Chair of the National Council for Social Security Fund. Previously he served as Minister of Finance of People's Republic of China, and Director-General of the State Administration of Taxation. He was also a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Minister of Finance (China)
The minister of finance of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is twelfth in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Lan Fo'an, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the ministry.
Masaki Tunnel
Masaki Tunnel (真崎トンネル, Masaki tonneru) is a tunnel on Sanriku Railway (Rias line) that runs from Shin-Tarō Station to Settai Station, in  Miyako city, Iwate prefecture with total length of 6.532 km. It was built and completed in 1984.

Sanriku Railway
Sanriku Railway (三陸鉄道, Sanriku Tetsudō) is a railway company in Iwate Prefecture in northern Japan. The company and its lines are also known as Santetsu (三鉄). The company was founded in 1981, as the first "third-sector" (half public, half private) railway line in the country, excluding special cases such as freight railways in seaports. Its lines are former Japanese National Railways (JNR) lines, that were going to be closed. Santetsu acquired these lines in 1984. The company also operates a travel agency and other businesses.
Jacques Singer
Jacques Singer (May 9, 1910 – August 11, 1980) was an American virtuoso violinist, symphony orchestra conductor, and music educator who flourished from about 1925 until a few months before his death in 1980.

Leslie Parnas
Leslie Parnas (November 11, 1931 – February 1, 2022) was an American classical cellist. A prize winner at several international music competitions, he appeared as a soloist with orchestras around the world and performed and recorded a number of chamber works. His playing has been described as "characterized by a sure technique and an aggressive approach to phrasing". For a number of years, he taught at the Boston University School of Music.
Oxygen compounds
The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides. Compounds containing oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: −1⁄2 (superoxides), −1⁄3  (ozonides), 0 (elemental, hypofluorous acid), +1⁄2 (dioxygenyl), +1 (dioxygen difluoride), and +2 (oxygen difluoride).

Oxygen is reactive and will form oxides with all other elements except the noble gases helium, neon, argon and krypton.

Oxide
An oxide (/ˈɒksaɪd/) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further oxidation.
The Ride (The Sopranos)
"The Ride" is the 74th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the ninth of the show's sixth season. Written by Terence Winter and directed by Alan Taylor, it originally aired on May 7, 2006.

Janice Soprano
Janice Soprano Baccalieri is a fictional character in the HBO television drama series The Sopranos and in the film The Many Saints of Newark. She is the eldest sibling of the show's protagonist, Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini). On the show, she is portrayed by Aida Turturro, and a young Janice appears in flashbacks portrayed by Madeline Blue and Juliet Fox. Alexandra Intrator portrays a young Janice Soprano in the 2021 prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark.
26th Canadian Ministry
The Twenty-Sixth Canadian Ministry was the combined cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, and the contemporary secretaries of state.  It governed Canada from 4 November 1993 to 12 December 2003, including the 35th Canadian Parliament, the 36th, and most of the 37th. The government was formed by the Liberal Party of Canada. One particular fact of this ministry is the creation of Secretaries of State out of the Cabinet, but still in the ministry.

Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
The minister of energy and natural resources (French: ministre de l’énergie et des ressources naturelles) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).

In addition to NRCan, the minister oversees the federal government's natural resources portfolio, which includes Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, the Canada Energy Regulator, and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, as well as the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore and the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Boards. The Energy Supplies Allocation Board and the Northern Pipeline Agency also report to the Minister as required.

The current minister of energy and natural resources is Tim Hodgson, since May 13, 2025. This position was established in 1995 under the Department of Natural Resources Act, S.C. 1994, c. 41, which merged the positions of the minister of energy, mines and resources and minister of forestry.
Allium subangulatum
Allium subangulatum is a Chinese species of wild onion, native to Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai Provinces.

Allium subangulatum produces a cluster of narrow bulbs, each up to 10 mm across. Scape is up to 35 cm tall. Leaves are long and very narrow, shorter than the scape and usually less than 1 mm wide. Umbel is hemispheric with many flowers crowded together. Tepals reddish-purple with darker red midvein.

Wild onion
Wild onion can refer to

any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:
Allium bisceptrum
Allium canadense
Allium tricoccum
Allium validum
Allium vineale
Allium ochotense

Asphodelus tenuifolius

Cyperus bulbosus

Bulbine semibarbata