hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
19741 Callahan
19741 Callahan (provisional designation 2000 AN141) is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 5 January 2000, by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research, LINEAR, at the Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site, Socorro, New Mexico, and named after a mentor of the 2003 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge.

Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
The Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project is a collaboration of the United States Air Force, NASA, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory for the systematic detection and tracking of near-Earth objects. LINEAR was responsible for the majority of asteroid discoveries from 1998 until it was overtaken by the Catalina Sky Survey in 2005. As of 15 September 2011, LINEAR had detected 231,082 new small Solar System bodies, of which at least 2,423 were near-Earth asteroids and 279 were comets. The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.
Rezgiukai
Rezgiukai (formerly Polish: Rezgiuki, Rezginki) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Krakės, by the Šušvė river.

Krakės
Krakės (formerly Krakiai ) is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Smilgaitis River. In the town, there are the Catholic church of St. Matthew the Evangelist (built in 1907), Mikalojus Katkus gymnasium, library, medicine station, St. Catherine women convent, Krakės Agriculture Cooperative with former culture center, swimming pool and shop (built in 1983, architect K. Žalnierius). There is the Vytautas Ulevičius museum of wooden sculptures.

Krakės is on the eastern boundary of the Nevėžis Plain, on the Krakės Ridge (altitude 95–100 meters). Roads go to Betygala, Grinkiškis, Kėdainiai, Bokštai, Gudžiūnai and Josvainiai. The Krakės-Dotnuva Forest is 2–3 km away from the town.
Timeline of mathematics
This is a timeline of pure and applied mathematics history. It is divided here into three stages, corresponding to stages in the development of mathematical notation: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely by words, a "syncopated" stage in which quantities and common algebraic operations are beginning to be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a  "symbolic" stage, in which comprehensive notational systems for formulas are the norm.

Abu-Mahmud Khujandi
Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr al-Khujandi (known as Abu Mahmood Khujandi, al-khujandi or Khujandi, Persian: ابومحمود خجندی, c. 940 – 1000) was a Transoxanian astronomer and mathematician born in Khujand (now part of Tajikistan) who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory, near the city of Ray (near today's Tehran), in Iran.
Gilia minor
Gilia minor is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name little gilia. It is native to the Mojave Desert and it is also present in the coastal Santa Lucia Mountains of central-southern coastal California.

Santa Lucia Range
The Santa Lucia Range (sæntə luˈsiːə) or Santa Lucia Mountains is a rugged mountain range in coastal Central California, running from Carmel southeast for 140 miles (230 km) to the Cuyama River in San Luis Obispo County. The range is never more than 11 miles (18 km) from the coast.: 11  The range forms the steepest coastal slope in the contiguous United States. Cone Peak at 5,158 feet (1,572 m) tall and three miles (5 km) from the coast, is the highest peak in proximity to the ocean in the lower 48 United States. The range was a barrier to exploring the coast of central California for early Spanish explorers.
Düzkışla, Banaz
Düzkışla is a neighborhood (village) in the Banaz District of Uşak Province in Turkey. Its population is 144 (2020). It is located approximately 19 kilometers southeast of Banaz, on a plateau at an altitude of about 1200 meters.

Banaz
Banaz is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Banaz District. Its population is 16,807 (2022). The mayor is Zafer Arpacı (AKP). The town is situated on the main road from İzmir to Ankara, at a distance of 33 km (21 mi) to the province seat of Uşak.

There is a village in Banaz District that carries the same name of "Banaz", lying at a distance of 4 km from the town. This is where the ancient site of the locality, called Panasion and from which the name Banaz derives, was actually located.
2024 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup
The 2024 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup was the sixteenth Pacific Nations Cup (PNC) tournament and the first with a new format design. Similar to the 2019 tournament, the same teams played each other, with the same round-robin structure. However, unlike 2019, the 2024 edition had a finals series following the pool stage (hosted in Japan), to decide the champion.

While Samoa, Fiji, Tonga and Japan did play each other in the lead-up to the 2023 Rugby World Cup, no official PNC tournament took place in 2023. As such, Samoa are the defending champions, having gone undefeated at the 2022 iteration of the tournament.

Fiji won the 2024 title, beating Japan in the Grand Final, 41–17.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
Ilie Sánchez
Ilie Sánchez Farrés (Catalan: [ˈiliə], Spanish: [ˈilje]; born 21 November 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Major League Soccer club Austin FC.

Developed at Barcelona, where he was only a reserve, he spent most of his career in Major League Soccer, making over 240 appearances for Sporting Kansas City, Los Angeles FC and Austin FC. He won the U.S. Open Cup with the first of those clubs in 2017 and the Supporters' Shield and MLS Cup with the second in 2022.

2018 MLS All-Star Game
The 2018 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 23rd edition of the annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game. It was held on August 1 at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia and played against Italian club Juventus. The match was tied 1–1 after 90 minutes and was settled in a penalty shoot-out that Juventus won 5–3.

Josef Martínez won MVP.

The match was attended by 72,317, setting a new record for a standalone MLS All-Star Game.
Vestibulospinal tract
The vestibulospinal tract is a nerve tract in the central nervous system. Specifically, it is a component of the extrapyramidal system and is classified as a component of the medial pathway. Like other descending motor pathways, the vestibulospinal fibers of the tract relay information from nuclei to motor neurons. The vestibular nuclei receive information through the vestibulocochlear nerve about changes in the orientation of the head. The nuclei relay motor commands through the vestibulospinal tract. The function of these motor commands is to alter muscle tone, extend, and change the position of the limbs and head with the goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of the body and head.

Lateral vestibulospinal tract
The lateral vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial funiculus.

The lateral part of the vestibulospinal tract is the major portion and is composed of fibers originating in the lateral, superior, and inferior vestibular nuclei (primarily the lateral).  It projects ipsilaterally down to the lumbar region of the spinal cord. There it helps to maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in the legs. It also innervates muscles of the trunk, thus additionally aiding in body posture and balance.  The lateral vestibular nuclei receive input from cerebellum, particularly the vestibulocerebellum, or the flocculi and nodulus.  The cerebellum aids in coordinating postural adjustments.
Bede Camm
Dom Bede Camm, O.S.B., (26 December 1864 – 8 September 1942) was an English Benedictine monk and martyrologist. He is best known for his many works on the English Catholic martyrs, which helped to keep their memories alive in the newly reemerging Catholic Church of Victorian England.

Tyburn
Tyburn was a manor (estate) in London, Middlesex, England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone.  Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook, a tributary of the River Westbourne. The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'.

The parish, and probably therefore also the manor, was bounded by Roman roads to the west (modern Edgware Road) and south (modern Oxford Street). The junction of these was the site of the famous Tyburn Gallows (known colloquially as the "Tyburn Tree"), now occupied by Marble Arch. For many centuries the name Tyburn was synonymous with capital punishment: it was the principal place for execution for London and Middlesex criminals and convicted traitors, including many religious martyrs. In the 18th century it was also known as "God's Tribunal". Hangings at Tyburn often included a sometimes raucous procession of the condemned from Newgate Gaol in the City – at the end of the 18th century, the hangings were moved to Newgate.
Steeluniversity.org
steeluniversity is a collection of free and non-free e-learning resources and interactive simulations covering major aspects of ironmaking and steelmaking. It provides the underlying scientific, metallurgical, and engineering principles and environmental aspects of the production, use, and recycling of steel. These internet-delivered resources are aimed at undergraduate students of metallurgy, materials science and engineering subjects as well as graduate employees in the steel industry supply chain.

Steelmaking
Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap. Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes.

Currently, two major commercial processes are used. Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) uses liquid pig-iron from a blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials. Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking uses scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI). Oxygen steelmaking has become more popular over time.

Steelmaking is one of the most carbon emission-intensive industries. In 2020, the steelmaking industry was reported to be responsible for 7% of energy sector greenhouse gas emissions. The industry is seeking significant emission reductions.
English loanwords in Irish
Present-day Irish has numerous loanwords from English. The native term for these is béarlachas (Irish pronunciation: [ˈbʲeːɾˠl̪ˠəxəsˠ]), from Béarla, the Irish word for the English language. It is a result of language contact and bilingualism within a society where there is a dominant, superstrate language (in this case, English) and a minority substrate language with few or no monolingual speakers and a perceived "lesser" status (in this case, Irish).

Gaelicisation
Gaelicisation, or Gaelicization, is the act or process of making something Gaelic or gaining characteristics of the Gaels, a sub-branch of Celticisation. The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group, traditionally viewed as having spread from Ireland to Scotland and the Isle of Man.

Gaelic, as a linguistic term, refers to the Gaelic languages but can also refer to the transmission of any other Gaelic cultural feature such as social norms and customs, music and sport.

It is often referred to as a part of Celtic identity since Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man are all considered Celtic nations, and the Gaelic languages are considered a sub-group of the Celtic languages.
Tell ad-Daman Nahiyah
Tell ad-Daman Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية تل الضمان, romanized: nāḥiyat Tal ad-Damān) is a subdistrict of Mount Simeon District in western Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria. It is located to the southeast of the city of Aleppo, in the Jabal al-Hass area.

According to the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 47,501.

Mount Simeon District
Mount Simeon District (Arabic: منطقة جبل سمعان, romanized: manṭiqat Jabal Sem‘ān) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Aleppo.

Until December 2008, the sub-district of Atāreb was part of Mount Simeon District before being incorporated as a separate district. At the 2004 census, the remaining sub-districts had a total population of 2,413,878.
Battles of Wenden (1577–1578)
The Battles of Wenden were a series of battles for control of the stronghold of Wenden (Cēsis, Kiesia, Võnnu), in present-day Latvia, fought during the Livonian War in 1577 and 1578. Magnus of Livonia besieged the town in August 1577, but was deposed and replaced by Russian forces under Tsar Ivan IV, who eventually sacked the town and castle in what became a symbolic victory. Polish forces, however, re-captured the stronghold in November and beat back a Russian counter-attack in February 1578.

In October 1578, the Russian army again laid siege to the town, but was destroyed by a smaller Swedish–German–Polish relief force. This marked the turning point in the Livonian War, shifting the initiative from the Tsardom of Russia to Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It also marked the end of the Kingdom of Livonia, which collapsed when Magnus retired to Courland.

Cēsis Castle
Cēsis Castle (German: Schloß Wenden) is one of the most iconic and best preserved medieval castles in Latvia. The foundations of the castle were laid 800 years ago by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The most prosperous period Cēsis Castle experienced was during  its next owners, the Teutonic Order. It became one of the key administrative and economic centers of the Teutonic Order in Livonia and was the seat of the Landmeister in Livland. The first serious damage was done to the castle during the Livonian War, when it was besieged by the army of Ivan the Terrible. In the course of the siege of 1577 approximately 300 people within the castle committed mass suicide by blowing themselves up with gunpowder. Cēsis Castle was still in use during the following century but it fell into disuse after the Great Northern War. Today the castle is the most visited heritage site in Cēsis and one of the 'must see' destinations in the Baltic states.
Pavement cracking
Pavement crack refers to a variety of types of pavement distresses that occur on the surface of pavements. Different types of pavements develop different cracks. Type of cracking is also correlated with the type of climate and traffic. Sometimes the cracks are aggregated using an index such as Crack index, and sometimes they are merged with other distresses and are reported using Pavement Condition Index.

Pavement condition index
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section. The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. It is a statistical measure and requires manual survey of the pavement. This index was originally developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as an airfield pavement rating system, but later modified for roadway pavements and standardized by the ASTM. The surveying processes and calculation methods have been documented and standardized by ASTM for both roads and airport pavements:

ASTM D6433 - 20: Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys

ASTM D5340 - 20: Standard Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys
Women in the Indian Armed Forces
Women in the Indian Armed Forces serve primarily in combat service support branches and in non combatant roles. In 2018, female officers made up 13.09% of the Indian Air Force, 6% of the Indian Navy, and 3.8% of the Indian Army, increases from 8.5%, 3%, and 3% respectively in 2014. By 2020, three women held the rank of lieutenant-general or its equivalent, all within the Medical Services. In May 2021, the Army inducted its first 83 female sepoys into the Corps of Military Police. On 30 March 2023, the Indian Navy inducted 273 female sailors among a graduating class of 2,585 agniveers at INS Chilka. The Indian Air Force also welcomed its first 153 female agniveers on 7 March 2024, following their graduation from the Airmen Training School in Belagavi.

Corps of Signals (India)
The Corps of Signals is a corps and a combat support arm of the Indian Army, which handles its military communications. It was formed on 15 February 1911 as a separate entity under Lieutenant Colonel S H Powell and went on to make important contributions to World War I and World War II. The corps celebrated its 100th anniversary of raising on 15 February 2010.
Blame
Blame is the act of censuring, holding responsible, or making negative statements about an individual or group that their actions or inaction are socially or morally irresponsible, the opposite of praise. When someone is morally responsible for doing something wrong, their action is blameworthy. By contrast, when someone is morally responsible for doing something right, it may be said that their action is praiseworthy. There are other senses of praise and blame that are not ethically relevant. One may praise someone's good dress sense, and blame their own sense of style for their own dress sense.

Abuse
Abuse is the act of improper usage or treatment of a person or thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other types of aggression. Some sources describe abuse as "socially constructed", which means there may be more or less recognition of the suffering of a victim at different times and societies.
Still Life with Woodpecker
Still Life With Woodpecker (1980) is the third novel by Tom Robbins, concerning the love affair between an environmentalist princess and an outlaw. The novel encompasses a broad range of topics, from aliens and redheads to consumerism, the building of bombs, romance, royalty, the Moon, and a pack of Camel cigarettes. The novel continuously addresses the question of "how to make love stay" and is sometimes referred to as a "fable-parody".

Gary Lippman
Gary Lippman (born August 8, 1963) is an American author, journalist, attorney, and film producer. Lippman's journalistic work has been published in The New York Times, The Paris Review, Vice, Los Angeles Review of Books, LitHub and more. He is the author of two novels, Set the Controls for the Heart of Sharon Tate and I Wish, Therefore I Am, along with a collection of microfiction titled We Loved The World But Could Not Stay, all published by Rare Bird Books. In 2012, he co-produced the film Vinyl.
Harald Økern
Harald Johannes Økern (19 January 1898 – 17 August 1977) was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who won the event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1922 and 1924. For his Nordic combined victories, Økern shared the Holmenkollen medal in 1924 with Johan Grøttumsbråten.

He was born and died in Bærum.

At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished fourth in the Nordic combined event.

Harald Økern was the uncle of Olav Økern, who later earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1950.

He was the father of Marit Økern Jensen.

Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival (Norwegian: Holmenkollen skifestival or Holmenkollrennene) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
The Rock, New South Wales
The Rock is a town with a population of 1,347, in the Riverina region of southern New South Wales, Australia, in Lockhart Shire. It is 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of Wagga Wagga, on the Olympic Highway.

The town is named after the large rocky hill overlooking it, now called The Rock Hill but called Yerong in the local indigenous language. The reserve that includes The Rock Hill is an attraction for bush-walking, rock-climbing and the observation of wildlife. It is also an Aboriginal sacred site, called Kengal.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2019 Pan American Games took place on the 8 August at the 2019 Pan American Games Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion was Andrew Wheating from United States. The event was won by José Carlos Villareal of Mexico.

Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres sprint competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games will take place between the 23 and 24 of July at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Leandro de Oliveira of Brazil.
Oberlahnstein station
Oberlahnstein station is, along with Niederlahnstein and Friedrichssegen, one of three stations in the town of Lahnstein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is a through station with 3 platform tracks on the East Rhine Railway (German: Rechte Rheinstrecke) and is located in the Oberlahnstein district. The adjacent former freight depot is now a brownfield site.

Rüdesheim (Rhein) station
Rüdesheim (Rhein) station is in the town of Rüdesheim am Rhein in the German state of Hesse on the East Rhine Railway (German: Rechte Rheinstrecke). It is on the western edge of the town, separated from the Rhine only by federal highway B 42. The entrance building is a double storey stucco building in a neoclassical style. It is now one of the cultural monuments listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.
2016 Soho Square Ladies Tournament
The 2016 Soho Square Ladies Tournament was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money. It took place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, on 17–23 October 2016.

2016 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2016 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $100,000.