hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Index of mechanical engineering articles
This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to mechanical engineering. For a broad overview of engineering, please see List of engineering topics. For biographies please see List of engineers.

Factor of safety
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for its specified maximum load. Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
Many systems are intentionally built much stronger than needed for normal usage to allow for emergency situations, unexpected loads, misuse, or degradation (reliability).

Margin of safety (MoS or MS) is a related measure, expressed as a relative change.
Regal Engagement
Regal Engagement (foaled in February 2003 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. The daughter of Cat Thief and granddaughter of both Storm Cat and Forty Niner is probably remembered for her score in the mile and an eighth Grade II $250,000 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes at Pimlico Race Course on May 19, 2006.

Storm Cat
Storm Cat (February 27, 1983 – April 24, 2013) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse and stallion whose breeding fee during the peak of his stud career was $500,000, the highest in North America at the time. He was the leading sire in North America in 1999 and 2000, and the leading juvenile (two-year-old) sire a record seven times. He sired 108 graded stakes winners and eight champions, including Giant's Causeway, who also became a leading sire.

Although best known as a sire, Storm Cat was one of the best two-year-old racehorses of his generation, winning the Grade I Young America Stakes and finishing second in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile.
Geretsried
Geretsried (German pronunciation: [ɡeːʁətsˈʁiːt] ⓘ; Bavarian: Geretsriad) is a town in the district Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, located in Bavaria, Germany. The town is the most populated town in the district, with 23,219 inhabitants as of 31 December 2012.

The town is the site of a geothermal energy project using a novel closed-loop system that offers more environmental protection than conventional geothermal technologies. The project is a partnership between Eavor Technologies and Deep Energy Capital  to produce sustainable zero carbon energy in Germany.

Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen
Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen (Bavarian: Bad Däiz-Woifradshausn) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) Austria and the districts of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Weilheim-Schongau, Starnberg, Munich and Miesbach.
2014 Quaker State 400
The 2014 Quaker State 400 presented by Advance Auto Parts was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on June 28, 2014, at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky. Contested over 267 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) tri-oval, it was the 17th race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Brad Keselowski led 199 laps during the race, to take his second win of the season. Kyle Busch finished second, while Ryan Newman, Matt Kenseth, and Dale Earnhardt Jr. rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Austin Dillon (16th), Michael Annett (18th), and Justin Allgaier (24th).

Quaker State 400 (Kentucky)
The Quaker State 400 presented by Walmart was a 400.5-mile (644.5 km) annual NASCAR Cup Series race held at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky. The inaugural event was held on July 9, 2011, and was won by Kyle Busch. From 2012 to 2014, the race was held the week before the Coke Zero 400 at Daytona International Speedway on Independence Day weekend. From 2015 to 2019, the event moved back two weeks, coming after Daytona and preceding New Hampshire.

Cole Custer won the last running of the event in 2020; the race returned to Atlanta Motor Speedway in 2021.
Saint Helena plover
The Saint Helena plover (Anarhynchus sanctaehelenae), locally known as the wirebird due to its thin legs, is a small wader endemic to the island of Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. The bird is similar in appearance to Kittlitz's plover and the Madagascar plover, but a little larger and an absence of chamois coloring. It is the national bird of St Helena and has been depicted on the country's coins. Populations in general have been declining. Threats include predation by cats, the introduction of the common myna, deforestation, off-road vehicle use, the Saint Helena Airport and a projected windfarm. In 2016, the population had recovered to about 560 mature individuals, from a previous minimum of less than 200 in 2006; consequently, the species was downlisted to Vulnerable from its previous assessment of Critically Endangered.

Madagascar plover
The Madagascar plover (Anarhynchus thoracicus), also known as the black-banded plover, is a small (37 g) monogamous shorebird in the family Charadriidae, native to western Madagascar. It inhabits shores of lagoons, coastal grasslands, and breeds in salt marshes. These plovers mainly nest in open grassland and dry mudflats surrounding alkaline lakes. The species is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN because of its low breeding success, slow reproductive rate, and weak adaptation to increasing habitat loss, leading to declining population numbers.
2014 Copa Metropolitana
The 2014 Copa Metropolitana (also known as the 2014 Copa Nestor Ludwig in this edition, in posthumous tribute) was the 2nd season of the Copa Metropolitana, a domestic cup in Rio Grande do Sul football, which is a knockout cup competition. The tournament began on 2 August and ended on 16 November with the final second leg.

In this year, seven clubs of the metropolitan region of the state decided to participate in the Copa Metropolitana, which varies in number of participants according to the interest of clubs in the first, second and third divisions of the Campeonato Gaúcho. This time, one of the two greatest clubs in the state, the Grêmio, will compete in the Copa Sul-Fronteira, to not let unequal with two big clubs in the same competition.

Novo Hamburgo enters in the 2014 Copa Metropolitana defending his title won in 2013, being the first champion in history.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Treaty of Bird's Fort
32°47′57″N 97°04′59″W﻿ / ﻿32.79917°N 97.08306°W﻿ / 32.79917; -97.08306
The Treaty of Bird's Fort, or Bird's Fort Treaty was a peace treaty between the Republic of Texas and some of the Indian tribes of Texas and Oklahoma, signed on September 29, 1843. The treaty was intended to end years of hostilities and warfare between the Native Americans and the white settlers in Texas. The full title of the treaty was "Republic of Texas Treaty with the Indigenous Nations of the Delaware, Chickasaw, Waco, Tawakani, Keechi, Caddo, Anadahkah, Ionie, Biloxi, and Cherokee." The principal negotiators for the Republic of Texas were Edward H. Tarrant and George W. Terrell.

Caddo
The Caddo people (Caddo language: Hasí꞉nay) comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They formerly spoke the Caddo language.

The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory.
Nir Etzion
Nir Etzion (Hebrew: נִיר עֶצִיוֹן, lit. 'Etzion Meadow') is a religious moshav shitufi in northern Israel. Located between Ein Hod and Ein Hawd near Atlit, at the foot of Mount Carmel, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 816.

Atlit (modern town)
Atlit (Hebrew: עַתְלִית, Arabic: عتليت) is a coastal town located south of Haifa, Israel. The community is in the Hof HaCarmel Regional Council in the Haifa District of Israel.

Off the coast of Atlit is a submerged Neolithic village. The town of Atlit is named after the nearby Crusader outpost and fortified town of Atlit, also known as Château Pèlerin, which although in ruins remained populated until 1948.

The town was established in 1903 under the auspices of Baron Edmond de Rothschild, approximately two kilometers south of the historical site which was then a small Palestinian village. The Atlit detainee camp is nearby, which was used by the British to intern Jewish refugees and is now a museum. From 1950 until the unification of the municipalities in 2003, Atlit was a local council whose jurisdiction was 14,000 dunams. In 2023 the population was 11,184.
Mumtaz Ahmed Khan (Jammu and Kashmir politician)
Haji Mumtaz Ahmed Khan is Indian Politician and Former Member of 12th Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. Khan was previously associated with Indian National Congress but left the party in 2021 and joined Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party. Prior to Assembly Elections of Jammu and Kashmir 2024, 
Khan switched back to Indian National Congress and contested elections from Reasi Assembly Constituency but lost to BJP candidate Kuldeep Raj Dubey  by more than 18,000 votes. In 2008 and 2014, Haji Mumtaz contested from Gulabgarh constituency earlier his father was used to contest from Gulabgarh. Khan’s father was Haji Buland Khan, who was a three-time member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. Mumtaz' elder brother is Ajaz Ahmed Khan who was a former Minister and three-time member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly.

Kuldeep Raj Dubey
Kuldeep Raj Dubey is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Reasi Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janta Party.
Xinghai County
Xinghai County (Chinese: 兴海县; Tibetan: བྲག་དཀར་རྫོང་།) is a county under the jurisdiction of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the east-central part of Qinghai Province, China.

Xinghai has an area of 13,158 km2 (5,080 sq mi), and a 2001 population of 60,000.

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, formerly known as Tsolho Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 海南藏族自治州; Tibetan: མཚོ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་), is an autonomous prefecture of Northeastern Qinghai Province in Western China. The prefecture has an area of 45,895 square kilometres (17,720 sq mi) and its seat is located in Gonghe County. Its name literally means "south of (Qinghai) Lake."
Independence Peak (California)
Independence Peak is an 11,742-foot-elevation (3,579-meter) mountain summit located one mile east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Inyo County of northern California. It is situated immediately south of Onion Valley on the eastern boundary of John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. It is also 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of the community of Independence, and 1.9 miles (3.1 km) northeast of parent University Peak. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 3,600 feet (1,100 meters) above Onion Valley in one mile. Independence Peak can be climbed via the north slope from Onion Valley. The first ascent of the summit was made in 1926 by Norman Clyde, who is credited with 130 first ascents, most of which were in the Sierra Nevada. He climbed this peak three times in 1926, and twice in 1927. He was principal of the high school in Independence from 1924 to 1928, which provided him access to this nearest peak to his home.

Norman Clyde
Norman Clyde (April 8, 1885 – December 23, 1972) was a mountaineer, mountain guide, freelance writer, nature photographer, and self-trained naturalist. He is well known for achieving over 130 first ascents, many in California's Sierra Nevada and Montana's Glacier National Park. He also set a speed climbing record on California's Mount Shasta in 1923.
The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley has 1467 articles written by Clyde in its archives.
Sebelius v. Cloer
Sebelius v. Cloer, 569 U.S. 369 (2013), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that an untimely National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act petition may qualify for an award of attorney's fees if it is filed in good faith and there is a reasonable basis for its claim.

Attorney's fee
Attorney's fee is a chiefly United States term for compensation for legal services performed by an attorney (lawyer or law firm) for a client, in or out of court.

Fees may be an hourly, flat-rate or contingent fee. Recent studies suggest that when lawyers charge a flat-fee rather than billing by the hour, they work less hard on behalf of clients and clients get worse outcomes.

Attorney fees are separate from fines, compensatory and punitive damages, and (except in Nevada) from court costs in a legal case. Under the "American rule", attorney fees are usually not paid by the losing party to the winning party in a case, except pursuant to specific statutory or contractual rights.
MacDonald Critchley
Macdonald Critchley CBE (2 February 1900 – 15 October 1997) was a British neurologist. He was former president of the World Federation of Neurology, and the author of over 200 published articles on neurology and 20 books, including The Parietal Lobes (1953), Aphasiology, and biographies of James Parkinson and Sir William Gowers.

James Parkinson
James Parkinson FGS (11 April 1755 – 21 December 1824) was an English surgeon, apothecary, geologist, palaeontologist, and political activist. He is best known for his 1817 work An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, in which he was the first to describe "paralysis agitans", a condition that was later renamed Parkinson's disease by Jean-Martin Charcot.
Syntrophy
In biology, syntrophy, syntrophism, or cross-feeding (from Greek  syn 'together' and  trophe 'nourishment') is the cooperative interaction between at least two microbial species to degrade a single substrate. This type of biological interaction typically involves the transfer of one or more metabolic intermediates between two or more metabolically diverse microbial species living in close proximity to each other. Thus, syntrophy can be considered an obligatory interdependency and a mutualistic metabolism between different microbial species, wherein the growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the other(s).

Alphaproteobacteria
Alphaproteobacteria or α-proteobacteria, also called α-Purple bacteria in earlier literature, is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (also called "Proteobacteria"). The Magnetococcales and Mariprofundales are considered basal or sister to the Alphaproteobacteria. The Alphaproteobacteria are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all proteobacteria, its members are gram-negative, although some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable.
Marlboro Pike Line
The Marlboro Pike Line, designated Route J12, was a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the Addison Road station of the Blue & Silver Lines of the Washington Metro & Forestville (8411 Old Marlboro Pike). The line operated every 35 minutes during peak hours, and 70 minutes during midday and on the weekends. J12 trips were roughly 28–35 minutes long.

Potomac Avenue station
Potomac Avenue station is an island-platformed Washington Metro station in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C., U.S.. The station was opened on July 1, 1977, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The station currently provides service for the Blue, Orange, and Silver Lines and is located near the neighborhood border of Hill East.
Capel St Mary
Capel St Mary – commonly known as Capel – is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Ipswich and 2 miles (3 km) from Dedham Vale, which is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 2011 the parish had a population of 2847.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
John Gooch (priest)
Christianity portal

John Gooch (c. 1752 – 1823) was an Anglican priest, Archdeacon of Sudbury from his installation on 20 October 1784 until his death on 14 July 1823.

The son of Sir Thomas Gooch, 3rd Baronet, he was born at Benacre, Suffolk on 26 May 1752. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1769, aged 17, and graduated B.A. in 1773, M.A. in 1776. For many years he held the livings of Saxlingham and Benacre.

Archdeacon of Sudbury
The Archdeacon of Sudbury is a senior cleric in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.

The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy in its five rural deaneries; Clare, Ixworth, Lavenham, Sudbury and Thingoe.
Quide
The Quide were a band of Native Americans, friends of the Jumano, in the area around what is now Texas.  In 1683, Juan Sabeata reported them as desiring missionaries. They are recorded as having lived three days' travel east of the mouth of the Concho River.

Jumanos
The Jumanos were a tribe or several tribes, who inhabited a large area of western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, especially near the Junta de los Rios region with its large settled Indigenous population. They lived in the Big Bend area in the mountain and basin region. Spanish explorers first recorded encounters with the Jumano in 1581. Later expeditions noted them in a broad area of the Southwest and the Southern Plains.

The last historical reference was in a 19th-century oral history, but their population had already declined by the early 18th century.: xi–xiv  Scholars have generally argued that the Jumanos disappeared as a distinct people by 1750 due to infectious disease, the slave trade, and warfare, with remnants absorbed by the Apache or Comanche. Frederick Webb Hodge proposed that they merged into the Wichita people, having morphed first to be known as the Tawehash, considered a division of the Wichita.: 268
Eater (novel)
Eater is a hard science fiction novel by American writer Gregory Benford. It was published in May 2000 by Eos. Heavy on the physics information, Eater describes humankind's encounter with a cosmic intelligence that comes in the form of a small black hole.

Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
2001 Sweden Hockey Games (November)
The 2001 (November) Sweden Hockey Games was played between 6 and 11 November 2001 in Stockholm, Sweden. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden, Russia and  Canada played a round-robin for a total of four games per team and 10 games in total. Five of the matches were played in the Globen in Stockholm, Sweden, and one match in the Hartwall Arena in Helsinki, Finland. The tournament was won by Sweden. The tournament was part of 2001–02 Euro Hockey Tour.

Games against Canada was not included in the 2001–02 Euro Hockey Tour.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
Roman Bezpalkiv
Roman Bezpalkiv (Ukrainian: Рома́н Безпа́лків) – (15 April 1938, village Hlushyn, Lviv region (Lviv Oblast) – 19 November 2009, Lviv) – was a Ukrainian painter. Genre – painting, sacral art. Member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (1988). Honored Artist of Ukraine (1998).

1962 graduated from Lviv Medical Institute. In 1965 he enrolled in Lviv National Academy of Arts and finished it in 1971.

From 1970 he worked as a teacher of painting in Lviv College of Decorative and Applied Arts named after Ivan Trush.

Author of many scenic and of sacral of works, among them philosophical portraits of figures of Ukrainian culture as Taras Shevchenko, Bohdan Ihor Antonych, Markiyan Shashkevych, Ivan Vyshenskyi, Kateryna Bilokur and others. Participated in the personal, national and international exhibitions.

He died after a long illness on 19 November 2009 and was buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery, Lviv.

Kateryna Bilokur
Kateryna Vasylivna Bilokur (Ukrainian: Катерина Василівна Білокур; December 7 [O.S. November 24] 1900 – 9 June 1961) was a Ukrainian folk artist, painter and poet born in the Poltava Governorate. After an unpromising start, her works became known in the late 1930s and 1940s for their interest in nature. Her paintings have become famous for depictions of peasant life among Ukrainian women,. Above all it was Bilokur's flowers done in oil on canvas which brought her general recognition, with critics noting, "[s]he sees the souls of flowers."

Bilokur was named People's Artist of Ukraine in 1951. Numerous sources report a popular legend that Pablo Picasso saw Bilokur's work exhibited in Paris and commented, "[i]f we had an artist of this level, we would make the whole world talk about her."