hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Magutt
Joseph Magutt is a Kenyan academic, diplomat and geopolitical consultant. He was appointed by President Uhuru Kenyatta as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Federal Republic of Germany with accreditation in Romania and Bulgaria in August 2014. His diplomatic appointment under the  new constitution Archived 2019-12-25 at the Wayback Machine was for the first time in the history of Kenya subjected to vetting and approval by parliament of the republic of Kenya.

Until his ambassadorial appointment, Magutt was lecturer of political science at Kenyatta University. He also taught on part time, graduate and undergraduate classes in several universities among them: the United States International University, Moi University, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology and Egerton University.

Kenya Television Network
Kenya Television Network (KTN) is a Kenyan free-to-air television network that was launched in March 1990 by Jared Kangwana. It is headquartered at Standard Group Centre, Nairobi. It was the first  privately owned free-to-air television network in Africa, and the first to break Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's (KBC) monopoly in Kenya.

KTN became famous for activist journalism in the 1990s.
Thornton-in-Craven railway station
Thornton-in-Craven railway station served the small village of Thornton-in-Craven in North Yorkshire (formerly the West Riding of Yorkshire), England. It was a stop on the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway between Colne, Skipton and Bradford.

Skipton railway station
Skipton railway station is a Grade II listed station which serves the market town of Skipton in North Yorkshire, England. It is a stop on the Airedale Line, which provides access to destinations such as Leeds, Bradford, Carlisle, Lancaster and Morecambe. The station is operated by Northern Trains and is situated 27 miles (43 km) north-west of Leeds; it is located on Broughton Road.
Ilaiyankudi block
Ilaiyankudi block is a revenue block in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 52 panchayat villages.Ilayangudi is a Tehsil / Block (CD) in the Sivaganga District of Tamil Nadu. According to Census 2011 information the sub-district code of Ilayangudi block is 05834. Total area of Ilayangudi is 409 km2 including 391.88 km2 rural area and 16.86 km2 urban area. Ilayangudi has a population of 1,09,267 peoples. There are 28,395 houses in the sub-district. There are about 52 villages in Ilayangudi block. The village names are:

Ilaiyangudi
Ilaiyangudi (or "Ilayangudi") is a town in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu state, India. It is the center of government for the surrounding tehsils. The town has a predominant Tamil Rowthers population. The Tamil Muslim community was traditionally engaged in business. Bazaar (Kadai Theru) is the central business district.
Kaldor's growth model
Nicholas Kaldor in his essay titled A Model of Economic Growth, originally published in Economic Journal in 1957, postulates a growth model, which follows the Harrodian dynamic approach and the Keynesian techniques of analysis. In his growth model, Kaldor attempts “to provide a framework for relating the genesis of technical progress to capital accumulation”, whereas the other neoclassical models treat the causation of technical progress as completely exogenous.

According to Kaldor, “The purpose of a theory of economic growth is to show the nature of non-economic variables which ultimately determine the rate at which the general level of production of the economy is growing, and thereby contribute to an understanding of the question of why some societies grow so much faster than others.”

Capital accumulation
Capital accumulation is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains. The goal of accumulation of capital is to create new fixed capital and working capital, broaden and modernize the existing ones, grow the material basis of social-cultural activities, as well as constituting the necessary resource for reserve and insurance. The process of capital accumulation forms the basis of capitalism, and is one of the defining characteristics of a capitalist economic system.
The Queen's College Boat Club
The Queen's College Boat Club (abbreviated QCBC) is the rowing club for members of The Queen's College, Oxford. It is one of the oldest boat clubs in the world, having been founded in 1827. They also represent Wycliffe Hall.

The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, primarily dating from the 18th century.

As of 2022, the college had an endowment of £327.8 million making it the fifth-wealthiest Oxford college (after Christ Church, Magdalen, St. John's, and All Souls).
Demographics of Iran
Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016. As of 2025, Iran's population is around 86.6 million. In recent years, however, Iran's birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050. Half of Iran's population was under 35 years old in 2012. As of January 2025, the average age of the Iranian population is 32 years.

In 2009, the number of households stood at 15.3 million (4.8 persons per household). Families earn some 11.8 million rials (about $960) per month on average (2012).

According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Iran from 1990 to 2008 was 17.6 million and 32%. The literacy rate was 80% in 2002, and 85% in 2016. The fertility rate has fallen to 1.44, below the natural replacement rate of 2.1.

Iranian languages
The Iranian languages, or the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, mainly in the Iranian Plateau.

The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE) and New Iranian (since 900 CE). The two directly attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Avesta predates Old Iranian language, Old Avestan (c. 1500 – 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – 400 BCE). Of the Middle Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Middle Persian (from the Sasanian Empire), Parthian (from the Parthian Empire), and Bactrian (from the Kushan and Hephthalite empires).
Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings
The impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings is an aesthetic effect deliberately sought by its author, J. R. R. Tolkien. It was intended to give the reader the feeling that the work had "deep roots in the past", and hence that it was attractively authentic.

The effect was constructed on at least four factors, namely the enormous scale of The Lord of the Rings and the amount of background detail, including maps and genealogies; the apparently casual and incomplete mentions of this background; multiple inconsistent accounts, as in real history; and writing different texts in varying styles.

Scholars have noted some of Tolkien's medieval antecedents in the effect, such as Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Fantasy authors such as Ursula K. Le Guin and J. K. Rowling have to an extent followed Tolkien in using the technique.

Dragons in Middle-earth
J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium features dragons based on those of European legend, but going beyond them in having personalities of their own, such as the wily Smaug, who has features of both Fafnir and the Beowulf dragon.

Dragons appear in the early stories of The Book of Lost Tales, including the mechanical war-dragons of The Fall of Gondolin. Tolkien went on to create Smaug, a powerful and terrifying adversary, in The Hobbit. Dragons are only mentioned in passing in The Lord of the Rings.

Tolkien's conception of the dragon has been adopted both in games loosely based on his Middle-earth writings, and by other fantasy authors. Several taxa have been named after Tolkien's dragons, including both extinct and living species. Several taxa, including girdled lizards, shield bugs, and ants, carry the name Smaug.
Contempt
In colloquial usage, contempt usually refers to either the act of despising, or having a general lack of respect for something. This set of emotions generally produces maladaptive behaviour. Other authors define contempt as a negative emotion rather than the constellation of mentality and feelings that produce an attitude. Paul Ekman categorises contempt as the seventh basic emotion, along with anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Robert C. Solomon places contempt on the same emotional continuum as resentment and anger, and he argues that the differences between the three are that resentment is anger directed towards a higher-status individual; anger is directed towards an equal-status individual; and contempt is anger directed towards a lower-status individual.

Sadness
Sadness is an emotional pain associated with, or characterized by, feelings of disadvantage, loss, despair, grief, helplessness, disappointment and sorrow. An individual experiencing sadness may become quiet or lethargic, and withdraw themselves from others. An example of severe sadness is depression, a mood which can be brought on by major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder. Crying can be an indication of sadness.

Sadness is one of the six basic emotions described by Paul Ekman, along with happiness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust.: 271–4
Fuller-Baker Log House
The Fuller-Baker Log House is a historic home located at Grantsville, Garrett County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story rectangular log home, constructed of log planks about 8 inches (20 cm) thick; some are 14 to 16 inches (36–41 cm) broad and a few are 26 feet (8 m) long. The house has been restored as an artist's studio and is an example of a log dwelling once common on the Allegheny frontier. Maryland's first governor, Thomas Johnson, owned the property when the house was built in 1815, but it is named for two later residents.

The Fuller-Baker Log House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Thomas Johnson (judge)
Thomas Johnson  (November 4, 1732 – October 26, 1819) was an 18th-century American lawyer, politician, and patriot. He was a delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774, where he signed the Continental Association; commander of the Maryland militia in 1776; and elected first (non-Colonial) governor of Maryland in 1777. Throughout his career, Johnson maintained a personal and political friendship with George Washington, who gave him a recess appointment as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in August 1791. Citing poor health, he served only briefly and resigned in January 1793, with the second shortest tenure of any Supreme Court justice.
Queen's Blood
Queen's Blood is a minigame that appears in the 2024 action role-playing video game Final Fantasy VII Rebirth and is planned to appear in its sequel. A fictional collectible card game played by denizens of the game's world, Queen's Blood was inspired by similar collectible card-based minigames in previous entries in the series, such as Triple Triad from Final Fantasy VIII and Tetra Master from Final Fantasy IX. During the course of Rebirth, protagonist Cloud Strife collects cards by beating players of the game in turn-based battles on a tabletop game field. The player can then use these cards against subsequent opponents. Queen's Blood received positive reception from critics, who singled it out as one of the best parts of the game and compared it to the popular Gwent minigame from The Witcher 3 and Genius Invokation TCG from Genshin Impact.

Gwent: The Witcher Card Game
Gwent: The Witcher Card Game is a 2018 digital collectible card game by CD Projekt. It was released free-to-play first for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in 2018, and for iOS in 2019, Android in 2020, and macOS in 2021. Gwent's name is derived from the card game of the same name featured in Andrzej Sapkowski's The Witcher novels and playable in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt video game. A standalone single-player expansion, Gwent: Rogue Mage, released in 2022 to mixed reception.
Bugs vs. Daffy: Battle of the Music Video Stars
Bugs vs. Daffy: Battle of the Music Video Stars is a 1988 animated television special broadcast on CBS on October 21, 1988. The story revolves around two competing television stations that show music videos from classic Looney Tunes shorts. The stations are hosted by Bugs Bunny (WABBIT) and Daffy Duck (KPUT). This special aired after This Is America, Charlie Brown: The Mayflower Voyagers.

It was one of the first specials produced by Warner Bros. where new animation was both traditionally and digitally inked and painted. It was also the first Looney Tunes television special to be broadcast in stereo, with the exception of the classic cartoon footage. It can be found in the Adventures section of the Space Jam 2-disc box set.

Hot Cross Bunny
Hot Cross Bunny is a 1948 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies theatrical animated short directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on August 21, 1948, and features Bugs Bunny. The title is a play on the nursery rhyme Hot Cross Buns as well as a punny allusion to the basic plot premise.
Dibenzylamine
Dibenzylamine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2NH.  It is classified as a secondary amine, being the middle member of the series that includes the primary amine benzylamine (C6H5CH2NH2) and the tertiary amine  tribenzylamine ((C6H5CH2)3N).  It is a colorless oily substance with a faint ammonia-like odor.  It is produced as a side product in the hydrogenation of benzonitrile:

2 C6H5CN  +  4 H2  →   NH3 + (C6H5CH2)2NH

Tribenzylamine
Tribenzylamine is an organic compound with the formula N(CH2C6H5)3.  It is a symmetrical tertiary amine.  It is of some historic interest as one of the first compounds produced by the Leuckart reaction.

The compound is a common target in the development of new synthetic methods, e.g. from benzyl alcohol.
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with a gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

This was the first time that the Democrats picked up a seat in South Carolina since 1986. The state congressional delegation changed from 6–1 for Republicans to 5–2 for Republicans. This is the only time since 2008 that Democrats had won more than one U.S. House seat in South Carolina.

2018 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 2018 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the governor of South Carolina. Incumbent Republican Governor Henry McMaster, who took office after Nikki Haley resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, ran for election to a full term. The primary was held on June 12, with the Democrats nominating State Representative James E. Smith Jr. McMaster failed to win a majority of the vote, and then defeated John Warren in the Republican runoff on June 26. In the general election, McMaster defeated Smith, winning election to a full term.

Republicans won their fifth straight gubernatorial election in the state, their longest such streak in history.
Honda Concerto
The Honda Concerto is a compact car (C-segment) manufactured by Honda from 1988 until 1996. Designed to aim at European tastes, it was jointly developed by Honda and the Austin Rover Group and was introduced in Japan on 15 June 1988, and in European markets in October 1989. Japanese production finished in October 1992 and British production finished in 1995 (although a rebadged Rover diesel with Honda Concerto badging continued to be built until late 1996). The car was named for the musical composition and was a successor to the second generation Honda Ballade, a higher specification Honda Civic. All Japanese versions were exclusive to Japanese Honda dealerships called Honda Clio.

MacPherson strut
The MacPherson strut is a type of automotive suspension system that uses the top of a telescopic damper as the upper steering pivot. It is widely used in the front suspension of modern vehicles. The name comes from American automotive engineer Earle S. MacPherson, who invented and developed the design.
Penitenziagite
Penitenziagite ("Do penance") is a rallying cry derived from the Latin "poenitentiam agite," meaning the same. It has been also interpreted as a paraphrase of the Greek "πένητες διάγετε" ("penites diagete") attributed to Christ, meaning "live life as a pauper."

The phrase was used by the Dulcinian movement founded by Gerard Segarelli (1240–1300) in the 13th century, a movement named after the disciple Fra Dolcino.

The phrase is used in the novel The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco and in the Jean-Jacques Annaud movie and also a miniseries of same name. It is also used by Guillermo del Toro as Pappy McPoyle in season 8, episode 3 of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, "The Maureen Ponderosa Wedding Massacre".

A sample of Ron Perlman's character from  the 1986 movie The Name of the Rose saying the word appears in the song "Endemoniada," the first track on the album The Nephilim, by the band Fields of the Nephilim.

The Name of the Rose (miniseries)
The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa) is a 2019 historical drama television miniseries created and directed by Giacomo Battiato for RAI. It is based on the 1980 international bestseller novel of the same name by Umberto Eco. The series stars John Turturro as William of Baskerville and Rupert Everett as Bernard Gui. It was co-produced by Italian production companies 11 Marzo Film and Palomar, and distributed internationally by the Tele München Group.

The Name of the Rose premiered on 4 March 2019 on Rai 1, which commissioned the series in November 2017.
Cumberland Sheepdog
The Cumberland sheepdog is an extinct dog breed related to the border collie and other old working collie types.  It is claimed to be one of the ancestors of the Australian shepherd and in the early part of the 20th century some Cumberland sheepdogs were being referred to as border collies and may have been absorbed into the latter breed.

Australian Shepherd
The Australian Shepherd, also known as the Aussie, is a breed of herding dog from the United States. The name of the breed is technically a misnomer, as it was developed in California in the 19th century. It is believed to have its origins in sheepdog breeds from northwest Spain, as well as collies imported, alongside sheep, from Australia and New Zealand; the breed reportedly took its name from this trade. Originally used solely as a herding dog, the Australian Shepherd has become one of the most popular companion dog breeds in North America.
Sharon Cheslow
Sharon Ann Cheslow (born October 5, 1961) is an American musician, composer, artist, writer, photographer, educator, and archivist. In 1981, she formed Chalk Circle, Washington, D.C.'s first all-female punk band. She has since become an accomplished artist who works between different mediums, mostly sound-based.

Intermedia
Intermedia is an art theory term coined in the mid-1960s by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins to describe the strategies of interdisciplinarity that occur within artworks existing between artistic genres. It was also used by John Brockman to refer to works in expanded cinema that were associated with Jonas Mekas' Film-Makers’ Cinematheque. Gene Youngblood also described intermedia, beginning in his Intermedia column for the Los Angeles Free Press beginning in 1967 as a part of a global network of multiple media that was expanding consciousness. Youngblood gathered and expanded upon intermedia ideas from this series of columns in his 1970 book Expanded Cinema, with an introduction by Buckminster Fuller. Over the years, intermedia has been used almost interchangeably with multi-media and more recently with the categories of digital media, technoetics, electronic media, and post-conceptualism.
MicroPro International
MicroPro International Corporation was an American software company founded in 1978 in San Rafael, California. They are best known as the publisher of WordStar, a popular early word processor for personal computers.

Mail merge
Mail merge consists of combining mail and letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings from a form letter.

This feature is usually employed in a word processing document which contains fixed text (which is the same in each output document) and variables (which act as placeholders that are replaced by text from the data source word to word).

Some word processors can insert content from a database, spreadsheet, or table into text documents.

It is a powerful tool for writing a "personalized" letter or e-mail to many people at the same time. It imports data from another source such as a spreadsheet and then uses that to replace placeholders throughout the message with the relevant information for each individual that is being messaged.
Great Lakes (band)
Great Lakes is an American rock and roll band formed in Athens, Georgia, United States, in 1996. The band was formed by Ben Crum, Jamey Huggins, & Dan Donahue. Great Lakes were among the second wave of bands included in The Elephant Six Collective.

Kindercore Vinyl
Kindercore was an independent record label, and later as Kindercore Vinyl a vinyl record pressing plant based in Athens, Georgia. The label was founded in 1996 by Ryan Lewis and Daniel Geller to help create a unified music scene of Athens. It operated until 2002.

In 2017, Lewis and Geller partnered with Cash Carter and Bill Fortenberry to start a vinyl pressing plant under the old Kindercore brand. During its six years of operation, Kindercore Vinyl was the only vinyl pressing plant in the state of Georgia. It closed down in 2023.
Nitrene
In chemistry, a nitrene or imene (R−:Ṅ·) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene. The nitrogen atom is uncharged and monovalent, so it has only 6 electrons in its valence level—two covalent bonded and four non-bonded electrons. It is therefore considered an electrophile due to the unsatisfied octet. A nitrene is a reactive intermediate and is involved in many chemical reactions. The simplest nitrene, HN, is called imidogen, and that term is sometimes used as a synonym for the nitrene class.

Imidogen
Imidogen is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH. Like other simple radicals, it is highly reactive and consequently short-lived except as a dilute gas. Its behavior depends on its spin multiplicity.