hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mars Crossing
Mars Crossing is a science-fiction novel by Geoffrey A. Landis about an expedition to Mars, published by Tor Books in 2000.  The novel was a nominee for the Nebula award, and won the Locus Award for best first novel in 2001.

The characters in the novel are members of the third expedition to Mars, following the failures of earlier Brazilian and American expeditions.  The mission plan is based on the Mars Direct concept, where fuel is manufactured from the Martian atmosphere; the Brazilian Mars expedition selected a polar landing.

The book was released by Tor Books, a division of Macmillan USA, as a hardcover in December 2000, with the Science Fiction Book Club edition published in 2001.  A paperback edition appeared in November 2001, and a second edition paperback in December 2016.

Locus Award
The Locus Awards are an annual set of literary awards voted on by readers of the science fiction and fantasy magazine Locus, a monthly magazine based in Oakland, California. The awards are presented at an annual banquet.

Originally a poll of Locus subscribers only, voting is now open to anyone, but the votes of subscribers count twice as much as the votes of non-subscribers. The award was inaugurated in 1971, and was originally intended to provide suggestions and recommendations for the Hugo Awards. They have come to be considered a prestigious prize in science fiction, fantasy and horror literature. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction regards the Locus Awards as sharing the stature of the Hugo and Nebula Awards.

Gardner Dozois holds the record for the most wins (43), while Neil Gaiman has won the most awards for works of fiction (18). Robert Silverberg has received the  highest number of nominations (158).
Mikayil Mushfig
Mikayil Mushfig (Azerbaijani: Mikayıl Müşfiq, born Mikayil Ismayilzade) (5 June 1908, Baku – 6 January 1938, Baku) was an Azerbaijani poet of the 1930s. Mikayil Mushfig is considered one of the founders of the new Azerbaijani poetic style.

Most of his poetry is about romance, nature, feelings. Despite this, he soon became one of the slandered and criticized poets in the Union of Soviet Azerbaijani Writers, and soon afterwards, Mushfig was arrested and executed by Soviet authorities at the age of 30 during the Stalinist purges in the USSR. In 1956, he was exonerated posthumously. Nikita Khrushchev era of de-stalinization has resulted in Mushfig's poetry being famous in Azerbaijani society.

Khizi District
Khizi District (Azerbaijani: Xızı rayonu) is one of the 67 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the east of the country, it belongs to the Absheron-Khizi Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Siyazan, Shabran, Quba, Shamakhi, Gobustan, and Absheron-Khizi. Its capital and largest city is Khizi. As of 2020, the district had a population of 17,100, making it the least populated district of Azerbaijan.
Moses (1968)
Moses is a series of three different painted steel statues of geometric shapes, created by Tony Smith.

Moses 1/3 is in the John B. Putnam, Jr. Memorial Collection of Sculpture at Princeton University, Moses 2/3 is in the collection of the Seattle Arts Commission; and Moses 3/3 at the Toledo Museum of Art as a gift of Marshall Field's, by exchange.

Moses (2/3)
Moses (2/3) is an abstract steel sculpture which uses multifaceted black steel surfaces crafted by Tony Smith. The artworks name is derived from Michelangelo's Moses. The piece is installed in Seattle Center, in the U.S. state of Washington. The abstract sculpture weighs 5,500 lbs. It was the first major art acquisition under the city's 1% for Art program.

Plaque
Freezy Freakies
Freezy Freakies were a winter fad in the early to mid-1980s.

They were snow gloves, created by ski glove company Swany America that used thermocromic ink to reveal fun colors and designs when exposed to cold temperatures. The gloves came in many designs, which catered to young kids. Designs included a fighter plane and a pink castle scene.

Thermochromism
Thermochromism is the property of substances to change color due to a change in temperature.  A mood ring is an example of this property used in a consumer product, although thermochromism also has more practical uses, such as for baby bottles that change to a different color when cool enough to drink, or kettles that change color when water is at or near boiling point.  Thermochromism is one of several types of chromism.
André (footballer, born 2001)
André Trindade da Costa Neto (born 16 July 2001), simply known as André (Brazilian Portuguese: [ɐ̃'dɾɛ]), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers and the Brazil national team.

2023 Copa Libertadores
The 2023 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores was the 64th edition of the CONMEBOL Libertadores (also referred to as the Copa Libertadores), South America's premier club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.

The final was played at the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 4 November 2023. Brazilian club Fluminense were the champions, winning their first Copa Libertadores title after defeating Argentine side Boca Juniors 2–1 after extra time in the final. As winners of the 2023 Copa Libertadores, Fluminense earned the right to play against the winners of the 2023 Copa Sudamericana in the 2024 Recopa Sudamericana. They also automatically qualified for the 2023 and 2025 FIFA Club World Cups and the 2024 Copa Libertadores group stage.

Flamengo were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Olimpia in the round of 16.
MTV Europe Music Award for Best K-Pop
The MTV Europe Music Award for Best K-Pop is an award category at the MTV Europe Music Awards that was first presented in 2021. It is one of the current Asian categories of the ceremony along with Best Asian Act and the former category Best Korean Act, though it is the first to reward artist(s) of K-pop music as a musical genre, and not as a nationality. Lisa is the most nominated artist in this category, with three nominations.

MTV Video Music Award for Best K-Pop
The MTV Video Music Award for Best K-Pop award was first introduced at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2019. It was criticized by K-pop fans for segregating their artists from major categories such as Video of the Year and Artist of the Year.

BTS and Lisa are the most-awarded artists in this category, having won the award three times. BTS, Tomorrow X Together, and Stray Kids are the most-nominated acts with four nominations each.
Parolice
Parolice [parɔˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cielądz, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Cielądz, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 61 km (38 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Cielądz
Cielądz [ˈt͡ɕɛlɔnt͡s] is a village in Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Cielądz. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Rawa Mazowiecka and 62 km (39 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
Xunyu
The Xunyu (Chinese: 獯鬻; Wade–Giles: Hsünyü; Old Chinese: (ZS) *qʰun-lug, (Schuessler): *hun-juk) is the name of an ancient nomadic tribe which invaded China during legendary times. They are traditionally identified with the Guifang, the Xianyun and the Xiongnu. They are seen as the ancestors of the Xiongnu and thus as one of the  first proto turkic people.

Emperor Yao
Emperor Yao (simplified Chinese: 尧; traditional Chinese: 堯; pinyin: Yáo; Wade–Giles: Yao2; traditionally c. 2356 – 2255 BCE) was a legendary Chinese ruler. He is considered by some sources as one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.
Ritual Maxakalí language
Ritual Maxakalí (also referred to as "Old Maxakalí") is a ritual language belonging to the Maxakalían language family of eastern Brazil. It is used in ritual songs sung by the Maxakali, and is held to be the language of their ancestors. Spoken Maxakalí is different from the variety used in the Maxakalí ritual songs, though both are classified as Maxakalían languages. It is more closely related to other extinct Maxakalían languages such as Makoní than to modern spoken Maxakalí. It is also closely related to Monoxó, Kapoxó, Kumanaxó, Panhame, and other extinct varieties.

Sacred language
A sacred language, liturgical language or holy language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like church service) by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives.

Some religions, or parts of them, regard the language of their sacred texts as in itself sacred. These include Ecclesiastical Latin in Roman Catholicism, Hebrew in Judaism, Arabic in Islam, Avestan in Zoroastrianism, Sanskrit and Tamil in Hinduism, Meitei in Sanamahism, and Punjabi in Sikhism. By contrast Buddhism and Christian denominations outside of Catholicism do not generally regard their sacred languages as sacred in themselves.
Lord Lieutenant of West Lothian
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of West Lothian. The office was known as the Lord Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire until 1921.

James Hope-Johnstone, 3rd Earl of Hopetoun 17 March 1794 – 29 May 1816

John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun 25 June 1816 – 27 August 1823

vacant

John Hope, 5th Earl of Hopetoun 23 November 1824 – 8 April 1843

Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery 20 April 1843 – 1863

John Alexander Hope, 6th Earl of Hopetoun 1 October 1863 – 2 April 1873

Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery 5 June 1873 – 21 May 1929

Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow 8 October 1929 – 5 January 1952

Henry Moubray Cadell 28 May 1952 – 1964

Charles Hope, 3rd Marquess of Linlithgow 14 October 1964 – 1985

John Douglas, 21st Earl of Morton 27 June 1985 – 2002

Isobel Gunning Brydie 11 June 2002  – 20 Sep 2017

Moira Niven 20 Sep 2017–

Henry Cadell
Henry Moubray Cadell of Grange, DL FRSE LLD (1860 – 10 April 1934) was a Scottish geologist and geographer, noted for his work on the Moine Thrust, the oil-shale fields of West Lothian, and his experiments in mountain building published in 1888. He also travelled extensively abroad, for example in 1899 he travelled the length of the Irrawaddy River in Burma. He is especially remembered for his working models, explaining geomorphology, the science relating to the folding of rock beds. He was also a competent amateur artist. .
Fabian Booysen
Fabian Connal Frazer Booysen (born 21 March 1992) is a South African professional rugby union player who last played for the SWD Eagles in the Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. His regular position is flanker or number eight.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Saul Perlmutter
Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is an American astrophysicist who is a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he holds the Franklin W. and Karen Weber Dabby Chair, and is head of the International Supernova Cosmology Project at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is a member of both the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003.  He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Perlmutter shared the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy, the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics with Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Since 2021, he has been a member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellowship  of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (FAAAS) is an honor accorded by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to distinguished persons who are members of the Association. Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for "efforts on behalf of the advancement of science or its applications [which] are scientifically or socially distinguished".

Examples of areas in which nominees may have made significant contributions are research; teaching; technology; services to 
professional societies; administration in academe, industry, and government; and communicating and interpreting science to the public. The association has awarded fellowships since 1874. AAAS publishes annual update of active Fellows list, which also provides email address to verify status of non-active Fellows. See also Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for more examples.
2013 Banja Luka Challenger
The 2013 Banja Luka Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the twelfth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina from 7 to 15 September 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Union Federal Party
The Union Federal Party (Afrikaans: Verenigde Federale Party) was a relatively liberal white South African party that broke away from the United Party after the 1953 election. It never gained any seats in Parliament, and ceased to exist in 1960.

United Party (South Africa)
The United National South African Party (Afrikaans: Verenigde Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Party) commonly the United Party (UP) (Afrikaans: Verenigde Party, VP) was a South African political party that was the ruling party from its formation in 1934 until 1948. Formed from the parties of Prime Ministers J. B. M. Hertzog and Jan Smuts, the United Party bridged white English-speakers, Afrikaners and Coloureds. It was considered more liberal on race relations than the National Party, which strongly supported the preservation of white supremacy. The United Party lost the 1948 general election to the National Party which subsequently implemented apartheid. The United Party never held power again and dissolved in 1977, with remnants forming the New Republic Party and other smaller groups.
The Meadows at Grand Valley State University
The Meadows at Grand Valley State University in Allendale, Michigan, is the home of the Grand Valley State Lakers men's and women's golf teams. The links-style championship course was designed by Michael John Hurdzan in 1994. The course has hosted six NCAA National Championships since its opening and will host the women's National Championship in the spring of 2011. The Meadows has been explained as "One of the first West Michigan golf courses classified as upscale," by Michigan Golf. The course is located on the northwest quadrant of GVSU's main Allendale campus.

Michael John Hurdzan
Michael John Hurdzan (born September 11, 1943) is an American golf course architect, author, and a retired United States Army colonel, who served with the United States Army Special Forces (Green Berets). He is a member and past president of the American Society of Golf Course Architects (ASGCA), who is noted for designing and renovating many golf courses and clubs, including U.S. Open golf courses.

Hurdzan is a recipient of the Old Tom Morris Award, the Donald Ross Award and the Don A. Rossi Award, the "triple crown" of his profession and an honor he shares only with Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Byron Nelson, Robert Trent Jones Sr., Rees Jones and, as of 2015, Pete Dye.
Debtor finance
Debtor finance is a process to fund a business using its accounts receivable ledger as collateral. Generally, companies that have low working capital reserves can get into cash flow problems because invoices are paid on net 30 terms. Debtor finance solutions fund slow-paying invoices, which improves the cash flow of the company and puts it in a better position to pay operating expenses.

Types of debtor financing solutions include invoice discounting, factoring, cashflow finance, asset finance, invoice finance and working capital finance.

Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, abbreviated as AR or A/R, are legally enforceable claims for payment held by a business for goods supplied or services rendered that customers have ordered but not paid for. The accounts receivable process involves customer onboarding, invoicing, collections, deductions, exception management, and finally, cash posting after the payment is collected.

Accounts receivable are generally in the form of invoices raised by a business and delivered to the customer for payment within an agreed time frame. Accounts receivable is shown in a balance sheet as an asset. It is one of a series of accounting transactions dealing with the billing of a customer for goods and services that the customer has ordered. These may be distinguished from notes receivable, which are debts created through formal legal instruments called promissory notes.

Accounts receivable can impact the liquidity of a company.
Cowgate, Cumbria
Cowgate is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is situated approximately a quarter-of-a-mile south-west of Newtown, one mile north-west of the hamlet of Holme St. Cuthbert, and one-and-a-half miles north-east of Mawbray. Nearby settlements include Goodyhills, located one-and-a-quarter miles to the south-east, Hailforth, one-and-three-quarter miles to the south-east, and Beckfoot, one-and-a-half miles to the north. Carlisle, Cumbria's county town, is approximately twenty-four-and-a-half miles to the north-east.

Mawbray
Mawbray is a village in the civil parish of Holme St Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. Historically part of Cumberland. It is located on the Solway Plain, 5.2 miles (8.4 km) south west of Silloth, 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Maryport, and 25 miles (40 km) west of Carlisle. The B5300, known locally as the "coast road" runs to the west of the village.

Mawbray serves as the hub of a community of several smaller hamlets, including Beckfoot, Goodyhills, Hailforth, Holme St Cuthbert, Jericho, Newtown, Salta, and Tarns.
2024 Russian Super Cup
The 2024 Russian Super Cup (Russian: Суперкубок России по футболу 2024) was the 22nd edition of the Russian Super Cup, an annual football match organised jointly by the Russian Football Union and the Russian Premier League. It was contested by the reigning champions of the Russian Cup and the Russian Premier League, FC Zenit Saint Petersburg and the runners-up of the 2023–24 Premier League, FC Krasnodar. It was played at Volgograd Arena in Volgograd, Russia and Zenit won 4–2, its fifth consecutive title of Russian Super Cup.

Volgograd Arena
The Volgograd Arena (Russian: «Волгоград Арена») is a football stadium in Volgograd, Russia. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rotor Volgograd. It has a capacity of 45,568 spectators.
Písek (Frýdek-Místek District)
Písek (Polish: Piosekⓘ, German: Piosek) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants. The municipality has a significant Polish minority.

Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Cieszyński [ˈɕlɔ̃sk tɕɛˈʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; Czech: Těšínské Slezsko [ˈcɛʃiːnskɛː ˈslɛsko] ⓘ or Těšínsko [ˈcɛʃiːnsko] ⓘ; German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic. It covers an area of about 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi) and has about 810,000 inhabitants, of which 1,002 square kilometres (387 sq mi) (44%) is in Poland, while 1,280 square kilometres (494 sq mi) (56%) is in the Czech Republic.

The historical boundaries of the region are roughly the same as those of the former independent Duchy of Cieszyn. Currently, over half of Cieszyn Silesia forms one of the euroregions, the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion, with the rest of it belonging to Euroregion Beskydy.
Nina (Dalayrac)
Nina, ou La folle par amour (Nina, or The Woman Crazed with Love) is an opéra-comique in one act by the French composer Nicolas Dalayrac. It was first performed on 15 May 1786 by the Comédie-Italienne at the first Salle Favart in Paris. The libretto, by Benoît-Joseph Marsollier des Vivetières, is based on a short story by Baculard d'Arnaud.

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
Chloral betaine
Chloral betaine (USAN, BAN) (brand names Beta-Chlor, Somilan), also known as cloral betaine (INN), is a sedative-hypnotic drug. It was introduced by Mead Johnson in the United States in 1963. It is a betaine complex of trimethylglycine with chloral hydrate, which acts as an extended-acting formulation of chloral hydrate which is then metabolized into trichloroethanol, which is responsible for most or all of its effects.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Govce
Govce (pronounced [ˈɡoːu̯tsɛ]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills north of the main road from Laško to Hrastnik. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Laško
Laško (pronounced [ˈláːʃkɔ] ⓘ; German: Tüffer) is a spa town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The town is located at the foothills of Hum Hill on the Savinja River. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1227 and was granted town privileges in 1927. It is known to have been settled since the Iron Age and Roman archaeological finds are common in the area, though the precise location of the Roman settlement is not known. Today the town is best known for its annual Festival of Beer & Flowers (Pivo - Cvetje) and the local Laško Brewery, the largest brewery in the country. In 2010, Laško was heavily affected by flooding. The town's coat of arms depicts three white fleurs-de-lis on a blue field.