hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Usher (colonist)
John Usher (27 April 1648 – September 1726) was an English colonial administrator.  Born in Boston, he served as treasurer of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until the Boston Revolt of 1689.  After the revolt, dominion governor Sir Edmund Andros was confined in Usher's home.  Usher was twice lieutenant governor of the Province of New Hampshire (1692–1697 and 1702–1715).  As lieutenant governor, he frequently held the reins of power, since the governors (his father-in-law Samuel Allen, and Joseph Dudley) were often absent from the province.  His rule was unpopular.  He died in Medford, Massachusetts, on September 5, 1726.

Usher's father, Hezekiah, was the first known bookseller in colonial America. He also printed the first book in the Thirteen Colonies: 1640's Bay Psalm Book.

Samuel Allen (New Hampshire governor)
Samuel Allen (1635–1705) was an English proprietor and governor of the Province of New Hampshire.  Born in London, he was a successful merchant, who in 1691 purchased the proprietary claims of the heirs of the colony's founder, John Mason.  He was commissioned governor of the province in 1692 by William III and Mary II, a post he held until 1699.  He upset local landowners and the colonial bureaucracy in London with his pursuit of territorial claims, which were largely unsuccessful.  He died in 1705, before his claims had been resolved.

Allenstown, New Hampshire is named in his memory.
Icon (album series)
Icon is a series of compilation albums released by Universal Music Enterprises, a division of Universal Music Group, the largest music publisher in the world.

The series began in 2010. Among the artists whose recordings have been included are Billy Ray Cyrus, Cher, Kenny Rogers, Joe Cocker, Michael Jackson, Nirvana and Queen. It also includes artists by the former EMI Records and Capitol Records labels once they were absorbed by UMG in 2013.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Rectrix Aviation
Rectrix Aviation was a jet charter and commuter airline service that primarily served New England, Florida and the east coast of the United States. Its commercial operations were primarily based at Nantucket Memorial Airport and Barnstable Municipal Airport in Nantucket and Hyannis, Massachusetts, respectively.

Rectrix Shuttle, the commuter service, was founded when Island Airlines of Nantucket shut down. In December 2019 new parent company Ross Aviation ceased all commercial flights and began the shutdown of the charter department consolidating Rectrix to only an FBO operation.

Rectrix's charter flights were based at Sarasota, Florida, Bedford, Massachusetts, Hyannis, and Westfield, Massachusetts. It got its worldwide jet operating authority in 2009 with its acquisition of New World Jet Corporation.

Westfield-Barnes Regional Airport
Westfield-Barnes Regional Airport (IATA: BAF, ICAO: KBAF, FAA LID: BAF) is a joint civil-military airport in Hampden County, Massachusetts, three miles (6 km) north of Westfield and northwest of Springfield. It was formerly Barnes Municipal Airport; the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility. Westfield-Barnes is one of Massachusetts' largest airports with a strong flight training, general aviation, and military presence. It is also known as Barnes Air National Guard Base.
Horseshoe Lake (Mono County, California)
Horseshoe Lake is a lake in Mono County, California, near the Mammoth Mountain ski resort. The soil near the lake contains a high concentration of carbon dioxide which, when it seeps from the soil, kills trees and poses a threat to humans.

Mammoth Mountain
Mammoth Mountain is a lava dome complex partially located in the town of Mammoth Lakes, California, within the Inyo National Forest of Madera and Mono counties. It is home to a large ski area primarily on the Mono County side.

Mammoth Mountain was formed in a series of eruptions that ended 57,000 years ago. Mammoth Mountain still produces hazardous volcanic gases that kill trees.
Patrick du Val
Patrick du Val (March 26, 1903 – January 22, 1987) was a British mathematician, known for his work on algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and general relativity. The concept of Du Val singularity of an algebraic surface is named after him.

London Mathematical Society
The London Mathematical Society (LMS) is one of the United Kingdom's learned societies for mathematics (the others being the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), the Edinburgh Mathematical Society and the Operational Research Society (ORS).
2021 Atlantic Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 2021 Atlantic Hockey Tournament was the 17th edition of the Atlantic Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 8 and March 20, 2021 entirely at home campus locations. On March 5, 2021, Holy Cross withdrew from the tournament due to a positive COVID test. This resulted in Sacred Heart receiving a bye into the quarterfinal round. First Round and Quarterfinal games took place at home venues while Semifinal a Championship games were held at the MassMutual Center, the home of American International. By winning the tournament, American International earned Atlantic Hockey's automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Atlantic Hockey tournament
The Atlantic Hockey tournament was the conference tournament for the Atlantic Hockey Association. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament. The Atlantic Hockey tournament was discontinued after the 2024 edition, following the merger of the CHA and AHA. The tournament is succeeded by the Atlantic Hockey America men's tournament.
Nefedʹev (crater)
Nefedʹev is a lunar impact crater located on the lunar far side near the southern pole. The crater is located directly adjacent to the Schrödinger crater and East of craters Ganswindt and Idelʹson. Nefedʹev was adopted and named after Russian astronomer Anatoly Nefedʹev by the IAU in 2009.

Ganswindt (crater)
Ganswindt is a lunar impact crater that lies near the southern pole of the Moon's far side. It is attached to the southwestern exterior of the huge walled plain Schrödinger. Ganswindt partly overlies the smaller crater Idel'son to the south.

The rim of Gandswindt is roughly circular but somewhat irregular, particularly at the southern edge. Much of the interior floor is covered in uneven ridges, and there is a small crater in the southeastern section. Because sunlight enters the interior at a low angle, the northern part of the floor is almost always covered in shadow, concealing the terrain in that section of the crater.

The crater was named in honor of Hermann Ganswindt (1856-1934), the aviation pioneer who first proposed reaction vehicles for space travel in 1881. He also proposed time as a fourth dimension.
Nyungwea anguinella
Nyungwea anguinella is a species of bark-dwelling crustose lichen in the family Opegraphaceae. It is a common species with a pantropical distribution. It was first formally described by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1863, as Stigmatidium anguinellum. André Aptroot reclassified it in Nyungwea in 2017.

Nyungwea
Nyungwea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Opegraphaceae. The genus was established in 2006 based on a distinctive species from East African rainforests and now includes four species found across tropical regions from Brazil to Mauritius. These lichens grow as extremely thin crusts on tree bark and produce tiny upright stalks that create and release small packages containing both fungal and algal cells for reproduction. They are found exclusively in humid tropical environments, with most species living on the smooth bark of trees in shaded forests, though one species has adapted to grow on termite nests in the Amazon rainforest.
2020 Herald Sun Tour
The 2020 Jayco Herald Sun Tour was a road cycling stage race that took place between 5 and 9 February 2020 in  Victoria, Australia. It was the 67th edition of the Herald Sun Tour and was a part of the 2020 UCI Oceania Tour.

Herald Sun Tour
The Herald Sun Tour is an Australian professional bicycle race held in Melbourne and provincial Victoria, sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The first tour was held in October 1952 as a six-day event. It is now held annually over five days in February, though as of 2024 the most recent edition was in 2020.  It is named after the Herald Sun, Melbourne's only daily tabloid newspaper.  It was originally known as the Sun Tour after The Sun News-Pictorial, and changed its name when The Sun News-Pictorial merged with The Herald in 1990.
Spyck–Welle train ferry
The Spyck–Welle train ferry was a train ferry on the Rhine between Spyck on the left (southern) bank and Welle on the right bank in the lower Rhine region of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was established in 1865 by the Rhenish Railway Company on the Lower Left Rhine line from Cologne to Neuss, Krefeld, Cleves, Elten, Zevenaar and the Dutch North Sea ports.

Kleve
Kleve (German pronunciation: [ˈkleːvə] ⓘ; traditional English: Cleves /kliːvz/ KLEEVZ; Dutch: Kleef [ˈkleːf] ⓘ; French: Clèves [klɛv]; Spanish: Cléveris; Latin: Clivia; Low Rhenish: Kleff) is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy. Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Kleve in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is home to one of the campuses of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences.
Glenfield Park (New Jersey)
Glenfield Park is a county park in Montclair and a small part in Glen Ridge, both in Essex County, New Jersey.  It has 19-acre (77,000 m2) in Montclair, and 1-acre (4,000 m2) in Glen Ridge.  It shares a name with the nearby Glenfield Middle School.  Glenfield Park is part of the Essex County Park System.

Montclair, New Jersey
Montclair is a township in Essex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Situated on the cliffs of the Watchung Mountains, Montclair is a commercial and cultural hub of North Jersey and a diverse bedroom community of New York City within the New York metropolitan area. The township is home to Montclair State University, the state's second-largest university.

As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 40,921, an increase of 3,252 (+8.6%) from the 2010 census count of 37,669, which in turn reflected a decline of 1,308 (−3.4%) from the 38,977 counted in the 2000 census. As of 2010, it was the 60th-most-populous municipality in New Jersey.
Anthony Cope (Dean of Elphin)
Anthony Cope was a seventeenth-century Irish Anglican priest.

Cope was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Archdeacon of Elphin from 1669 to 1670; Prebendary of Killaraght in Achonry Cathedral from 1673 to 1693; Dean of Elphin from 1683 to 1700; and Prebendary of Rasharkin in Lisburn Cathedral from 1700 until his death in 1705.

Dean of Elphin and Ardagh
The Dean of Elphin and Ardagh is based in St John the Baptist Cathedral, Sligo in the Diocese of Elphin and Ardagh within the united bishopric of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh of the Church of Ireland. The dioceses of Elphin and Ardagh were merged in 1841. The original cathedral had been destroyed by military action in 1496 and the original diocesan cathedral was damaged by a storm in 1957 and abandoned in 1961.

The current incumbent is The Very Reverend A. Williams.
Military history of China before 1912
The recorded military history of China extends from about 2200 BC to the present day. Chinese pioneered the use of crossbows, advanced metallurgical standardization for arms and armor, early gunpowder weapons, and other advanced weapons, but also adopted nomadic cavalry and Western military technology. China's armies also benefited from an advanced logistics system as well as a rich strategic tradition, beginning with Sun Tzu's The Art of War, that deeply influenced military thought.

Jinling Arsenal
The Jinling Arsenal (simplified Chinese: 金陵兵工厂) was a military arsenal located in Nanjing, established in 1865. It existed throughout the Late Qing to the People's Republic. It was also referred to as the Nanjing Arsenal.
Borki, Kielce County
Borki [ˈbɔrki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mniów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Mniów and 20 km (12 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Mniów
Mniów [mɲuf] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mniów. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
A Field Guide to Australian Birds (Slater)
A Field Guide to Australian Birds is a two-volume bird field guide published by Rigby of Adelaide, South Australia, in its Rigby Field Guide series.  The first volume (Volume One: Non-Passerines) was issued in 1970, with the second volume (Volume Two: Passerines) appearing in 1974.  It was Australia’s first new national bird field guide since the 1931  publication of the first edition of Neville Cayley’s What Bird is That?.  It was principally authored by Australian ornithologist, artist and photographer Peter Slater.

What Bird Is That?
What Bird Is That? A Guide to the Birds of Australia is a book first published in 1931 by Angus & Robertson in Sydney.  Authored and illustrated by Neville William Cayley, it was Australia's first fully illustrated national field guide to birds, a function it served alone for nearly 40 years. In 1960 it was rated the all-time best seller in Australian natural history.
DPMS Panther Arms
DPMS (Defense Procurement Manufacturing Services) Panther Arms is an American manufacturer headquartered in West Columbia, South Carolina, known for its wide range of military and civilian rifles and accessories.

.223 Remington
The .223 Remington, also known as 223 Remington by SAAMI  and 223 Rem. by the C.I.P., (pronounced "two-two-three") is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire intermediate cartridge. It was developed in 1957 by Remington Arms and Fairchild Industries for the U.S. Continental Army Command of the United States Army as part of a project to create a small-caliber, high-velocity firearm. Firing a .2245 in (5.70 mm) projectile, the .223 Remington is considered one of the most popular common-use cartridges and is used by a wide range of semi-automatic and manual-action rifles.
Trần Đại Quang
Trần Đại Quang (Vietnamese: [t͡ɕən˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ kwaːŋ˧˧]; 12 October 1956 – 21 September 2018) was a Vietnamese politician and former police general who served as the ninth president of Vietnam from 2016 until his death in 2018. After serving for five years as the Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016, Quang was nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang to the presidency and was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 2 April 2016. He was one of the country's top leaders and ranked second in the Politburo behind Nguyễn Phú Trọng, the General Secretary of the Communist Party.

Minister of Public Security (Vietnam)
The Minister of Public Security is the Government of Vietnam member in charge of the Ministry of Public Security. The Minister of Public Security directs the management functions of the state for security; responsible organization, construction, management and the highest commander of the People's Public Security Forces. Moreover, the Minister of Public Security is a Member of the Politburo and Member of Council for National Defense and Security. The current Vietnamese Minister of Public Security is General Lương Tam Quang, since 6 June 2024.
Sikha Chatterjee
Sikha Chatterjee is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party. In May 2021, she was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Dabgram-Phulbari constituency in Jalpaiguri district. She defeated Trinamool Congress heavyweight minister of West Bengal Goutam Deb with the margin of 27,593 votes. She was the opposition leader of Rajganj Panchayat Samiti. She was former leader of Trinamool Congress.

Goutam Deb
Goutam Deb (born 6 January 1957) is an Indian Politician currently serving as the Mayor of Siliguri Municipal Corporation in West Bengal. He was the 
Minister of Department of Tourism of West Bengal from 2016 to 2021. He also served as the Minister of North Bengal Development, a newly formed department in 2011 by Mamata Banerjee. He was a MLA from Dabgram-Phulbari assembly constituency two times. He is also serving as an Observer of Jalpaiguri District Trinamool Congress Committee.
William Trousdale
William Trousdale (September 23, 1790 – March 27, 1872) was an American soldier and politician. He served as the 13th governor of Tennessee from 1849 to 1851, and was United States Minister to Brazil from 1853 to 1857. He fought under Andrew Jackson in the Creek War, the War of 1812 and the Second Seminole War, and commanded the U.S. Fourteenth Infantry in the Mexican–American War.  His military exploits earned him the nickname, "War Horse of Sumner County."

Gallatin, Tennessee
Gallatin is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 44,431 at the 2020 census and has an estimated population of 52,489 as of 2024. Named for United States Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, the city was established on the Cumberland River and made the county seat of Sumner County in 1802. It is located about 30.6 miles northeast of the state capital of Nashville, Tennessee.

Several national companies have facilities or headquarters in Gallatin, including Facebook, Gap, Inc.,  Beretta and Servpro Industries LLC. Gallatin was formerly the headquarters of Dot Records. The city is also the site of Volunteer State Community College, a two-year college with more than 70 degree programs. In 2017, Gallatin was ranked as "The Nicest Place In America" by Reader's Digest.
Space Shuttle abort modes
Space Shuttle abort modes were procedures by which the nominal launch of the NASA Space Shuttle could be terminated. A pad abort occurred after ignition of the shuttle's main engines but prior to liftoff. An abort during ascent that would result in the orbiter returning to a runway or to an orbit lower than planned was called an "intact abort", while an abort in which the orbiter would be unable to reach a runway, or any abort involving the failure of more than one main engine, was called a "contingency abort". Crew bailout was still possible in some situations in which the orbiter could not land on a runway.

Zaragoza Air Base
Zaragoza Air Base (IATA: ZAZ, ICAO: LEZG) is a base of the Spanish Air and Space Force located near Zaragoza, Spain. It is located 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Zaragoza, 270 km (168 mi) west of Barcelona, and 262 km (163 mi) northeast of Madrid. It shares infrastructure with the Zaragoza Airport. In the past, Zaragoza was also used as an emergency landing site for the United States's Space Shuttle.

Between 1958 and 1992, Zaragoza Air Base was used by the United States Air Force, courtesy of the Pact of Madrid.

In 1992, Malcolm Harvey robbed and murdered two Zaragoza women while serving at the air base.

On 20 May 2023, an F-18 crashed during an air show at Zaragoza Air Base. The aircraft "erupted into a giant fireball", according to local news sources. The pilot ejected and was thought to be safe.
Refugee Olympic Team at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The IOC Refugee Olympic Team (French: Équipe olympique des réfugiés, ÉOR) competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. 37 athletes from 11 countries of origin represented the Refugee Olympic Team at the 2024 Summer Olympics in 12 sports, with 14 of the 37 athletes being Iranians.

Yahya Al Ghotany and Cindy Ngamba were the delegation's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Ngamba was the sole Olympian to have achieved a bronze medal in women's 75 kg in boxing. Notable athletes include Manizha Talash who was ultimately disqualified in B-Girls event in breaking for displaying a political flag and Eyeru Tesfoam Gebru who failed to finish the race in women's individual road race in cycling.

Manizha Talash
Manizha Talash (Dari: منیژه تلاش; born 22 December 2002), known competitively as b-girl Talash, is an Afghan breakdancer. She competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris as a member of the Refugee Olympic Team.
Ultimate Party 2020
Ultimate Party 2020 was a professional wrestling event produced by CyberFight's DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The event took place on November 3, 2020, in Tokyo at the Ota City General Gymnasium. It was the second event under the Ultimate Party chronology. The event aired live on AbemaTV and on DDT's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Ten matches were contested at the event, including two on the pre-show. The main event saw Tetsuya Endo successfully retain the KO-D Openweight Championship against Daisuke Sasaki. Other top matches include Yuki Ueno defeating Chris Brookes to win the DDT Universal Championship, and Sanshiro Takagi defeating Shinya Aoki in a Weapon Rumble match to win the DDT Extreme Championship.

DDT Ultimate Party
Ultimate Party is Japanese professional wrestling event promoted by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The event has been held since 2019 and aired as an internet pay-per-view (iPPV) on DDT's streaming service Wrestle Universe and on AbemaTV. The event is usually held in November.
Giado concentration camp
The Giado concentration camp was a forced labor concentration camp for Italian and Libyan Jews in Giado, Libya (now called Jadu), operating during the Second World War from May 1942 until its liberation by British troops in January 1943. The camp was established on the orders of Benito Mussolini, the Prime Minister of Italy. At the time, Libya was under Italian colonial control and was known as Italian Libya.

Of the 2,600 Jews who were imprisoned there, 562 died, mostly from hunger and louse-borne typhus. Due to its poor conditions, Giado had the highest death toll of all the North African labor camps in World War II, and its victims make up the highest number of Jewish victims of World War II in the Muslim world.

Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (/ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ AHJ-də-BEE-ə; Arabic: أجدابيا, romanized: Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District.  The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.

During the Libyan Civil War, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces, with the anti-Gaddafi forces finally securing the town in April 2011.  As many civilians had fled the fighting, one March 2011 report described the city as a "ghost town."

Later, during the Second Libyan Civil War, the city was seized by the Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council until it was taken over by the Libyan National Army on 21 February 2016.