hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romanian minehunter Sublocotenent Ion Ghiculescu
Sublocotenent Ion Ghiculescu (M270) is a Sandown-class minehunter of the Romanian Naval Forces. She was built as HMS Blyth (M111), for the Royal Navy, the eleventh of this class of twelve Single-Role Minehunters (SRMH) ships. She was laid down on 30 May 1999 by Vosper Thornycroft at their Woolston, Southampton shipyard, launched in May 2000 and entered service for the Royal Navy in February 2001. She was the second vessel to carry this name, the first being a Bangor-class minesweeper of the Second World War, wearing pennant number J15. Blyth served in the Middle East as part of the 9th Mine Countermeasures Squadron.

Sandown-class minehunter
The Sandown class is a class of fifteen minehunters built primarily for the Royal Navy by Vosper Thornycroft. The Sandown class also serve with the Royal Saudi Navy, the Estonian Navy, and the Ukrainian Navy. The first vessel was commissioned into Royal Navy service on 9 June 1989 and all the British ships were named after coastal towns and cities. Although the class had a primary mine countermeasures role, they have had a secondary role as offshore patrol vessels. As of 2025, only one vessel of the class (HMS Bangor) remains in active service with the Royal Navy.
Debra J. Skene
Dr. Debra J. Skene is a chronobiologist with specific interest in the mammalian circadian rhythm and the consequences of disturbing the circadian system. She is also interested in finding their potential treatments for people who suffer from circadian misalignment. Skene and her team of researchers tackle these questions using animal models, clinical trials, and most recently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most notably, Skene is credited for her evidence of a novel photopigment in humans, later discovered to be melanopsin. She was also involved in discovering links between human PER3 genotype and an extremely shifted sleep schedules categorized as extreme diurnal preference. Skene received her Bachelor of Pharmacy, Master of Science, and Ph.D. in South Africa.

Shift work
Shift work is an employment practice designed to keep a service or production line operational at all times. The practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which different groups of workers perform their duties. The term "shift work" includes both long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts.

In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, altered body composition and obesity, among other conditions.
Taxation in Finland
Taxation in Finland is mainly carried out through the Finnish Tax Administration, an agency of the Ministry of Finance. Finnish Customs, the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom, and pension funds also collect taxes. Taxes collected are distributed to the Government, municipalities, church, and the Social Insurance Institution (Kela).

The taxes can be broadly divided into four types:

progressive state income tax

other (mostly) flat-rate income taxes

flat-rate property tax

flat-rate consumption and property transfer taxes

Tax rate
In a tax system, the tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed. The tax rate that is applied to an individual's or corporation's income is determined by tax laws of the country and can be influenced by many factors such as income level, type of income, and so on. There are several methods used to present a tax rate: statutory, average, marginal, flat, and effective.  These rates can also be presented using different definitions applied to a tax base: inclusive and exclusive.
Nancy Ross (politician)
Nancy Ross (born 1943) is an American political activist associated with the New Alliance Party. She stood as the party's candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 1984 United States presidential election and later led the New Alliance–affiliated Rainbow Lobby. As of 2024, she is a board member of Independent Voting.

Fred Newman (philosopher)
Frederick Delano Newman (June 17, 1935 – July 3, 2011) was an American psychotherapist and left-wing political activist.

Newman and Lois Holzman created a therapeutic modality, Social Therapy. Newman insisted "that there was nothing wrong with psychotherapists having sex with patients".

Along with Lenora Fulani, Newman controlled several socialist and progressive political, therapy, and dramatic collective groups across the USA. These groups promoted "friendosexuality", which encouraged members to sleep with each other. Newman strongly objected to the classification of these groups as a "cult", and argued that "there is no such thing as a cult".

Because Newman's organizations frequently changed names, followers of Newman have been called Newmanites or the Newman Tendency.
2013 FAI Women's Cup final
The 2013 FAI Women's Cup final was the final match of the 2013 FAI Women's Cup, the national association football Cup of the Republic of Ireland. The match took place on 3 November 2013 at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin. Raheny United and Castlebar Celtic contested the match.

The match was shown live on RTÉ2 and RTÉ2 HD in Ireland and was refereed by Marie Ward, assisted by Deirdre Nolan and Olivia Syned with Natasha Valenti as Fourth Official. The Referee Observer was Victor Loughman.

Raheny United won the Cup to retain the trophy they won for the first time the previous year. Underdogs Castlebar Celtic equalised twice to force extra time but were unable to come back a third time after conceding an own goal.

Castlebar Celtic W.F.C.
Castlebar Celtic W.F.C. is an Irish association football club based in Castlebar, County Mayo. The club is the women's section of Castlebar Celtic and has entered teams in the Women's National League, the Mayo Women's Football League and the FAI Women's Cup.
Remotely operated underwater vehicle
A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is a free-swimming submersible craft. ROVs are used to perform underwater observation, inspection, and physical tasks such as valve operations, hydraulic functions, and other general tasks within the subsea oil and gas industry, military, scientific and other applications. ROVs can also carry tooling packages for undertaking specific tasks such as pull-in and connection of flexible flowlines and umbilicals, and component replacement. They are often used to do research and commercial work at great depths beyond the capacities of most submersibles and divers. Most users of the machines use the term "remotely operated vehicle" (ROV).

Echo Ranger
Echo Ranger is a marine autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) built by Boeing.

Originally built in 2001 to capture high-resolution sonar images of sea beds for oil and natural gas companies, such as the Exxon Mobil Corporation, Echo Ranger underwent testing for possible use by the military. Among its possible military uses are to stalk targets in enemy waters, patrol local harbors to detect national security threats, and scour ocean floors to detect environmental hazards. The submersible weighs more than five tons (4.5 metric tons), is 18.5 feet (5.6 meters) long and is able to descend to 10,000 feet (3,000 meters).
1995 Hanes 500
The 1995 Hanes 500 was the eighth stock car race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 39th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, April 23, 1995, in Martinsville, Virginia at Martinsville Speedway, a 0.526 miles (0.847 km) permanent oval-shaped short track. The race was shortened from its scheduled 500 laps to 356 laps due to impending darkness. At race's end, Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace was able to dominate the majority of the race when the race was called for darkness with delays of the race coming from a rain delay. The win was Wallace's 40th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his first victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Roush Racing driver Ted Musgrave and Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon would finish second and third, respectively.

1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 47th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 24th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on February 12 in Daytona Beach and concluded on November 12 at the Atlanta Motor Speedway. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won his first career championship.
2007–08 Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup
The 2007–08 Maltese Futsal Knock-Out Cup was the main knockout futsal tournament in Malta, organized by the Malta Football Association. A total of 26 teams participated in the competition, which was played from April to May 2008.

The tournament was won by Aluserv, an emerging team that won the Second Division in the previous season. In the Final, they defeated European Pilot Academy 8–5 in the final held on 29 May 2008.

Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup
The Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup (Maltese: Tazza tan-Nokawt tal-Futsal ta' Malta) is an annual cup competition for Maltese futsal teams. It is organised by the Futsal Malta Association, it is disputed by all futsal teams registered with the Association. It is the second highest national honour in futsal in Malta, after the Maltese Futsal League.
Vebjørn Sand
Vebjørn Sand (born March 11, 1966) is a Norwegian painter and artist. He is known for his paintings as well as his public arts projects, such as the Da Vinci Project, and the Kepler Star monument (Norwegian Peace Star) at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.

Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts
The Norwegian National Academy of Arts (Norwegian: Statens kunstakademi) was a former Norwegian tertiary institution in Oslo, offering studies in the area of fine art. Along with four other academies, it merged to form the Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Norwegian: Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO) in 1996. Although now a faculty  of KHiO, the Norwegian National Academy of the Arts is still referred to simply as Kunstakademiet (lit. 'Art Academy') by both staff and students.
Revolutionary Party of the National Left – Gueiler
The Revolutionary Party of the National Left – Gueiler (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario de la Izquierda Nacional Gueiler, PRIN-G) was a small centrist political party in Bolivia.

The PRIN-G was established by a dissident fraction which broke away from the Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left in 1979. Led by Lidia Gueiler Tejada who served as interim Head of State from 16 November 1979, until her overthrow by the Luis García Meza Tejada coup of 17 July 1980.

In 1979 and 1980 the PRIN-G took part in an electoral coalition Revolutionary Nationalist Movement-Alliance backing Víctor Paz Estenssoro.

Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – Alliance
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Alliance (Spanish: Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario-Alianza, MNRA) was a centrist electoral political alliance in Bolivia.

The MNRA was formed in 1979 by

the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, MNR;

the Tupaj Katari Revolutionary Movement-Chila, MRTK-Chila (faction led by Macabeo Chila);

the Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist), PCML;

the Christian Democratic Party, PDC;

the Authentic Revolutionary Party, PRA (historical faction led by Walter Guevara Arce).

In 1979 presented as its presidential candidate Víctor Paz Estenssoro (MNR) and Luis Ossio Sanjines (PDC) as vice-presidential candidate and in 1980 presented Víctor Paz Estenssoro (MNR) and Ñuflo Chávez Ortiz (MNR).
Names Hill
Names Hill is a bluff located on the bank of the Green River in the U.S. state of Wyoming, where travelers on the Oregon and California trails carved their names into the rock.  It is one of three notable "recording areas" along the emigrant trails in Wyoming along with Register Cliff and Independence Rock. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1969.

California Trail
The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about 1,600 mi (2,600 km) across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California. After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte, and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming. The trail has several splits and cutoffs for alternative routes around major landforms and to different destinations, with a combined length of over 5,000 mi (8,000 km).
Triphenylarsine
Triphenylarsine is the chemical compound with the formula As(C6H5)3. This organoarsenic compound, often abbreviated AsPh3, is a colorless crystalline solid that is used as a ligand and a reagent in coordination chemistry and organic synthesis. The molecule is pyramidal with As-C distances of 1.942–1.956 Å and C-As-C angles of 99.6–100.5°.

Phenyl group
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5−, and is often represented by the pseudoelement symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen atom, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, the phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring.
Tenka Stefanović
Stefan Stefanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Стефановић; 1797–1865), known as Tenka (Тенка), was a Serbian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Serbia. Stefanović was a leader of pro-Obrenović group that conspired against Prince Alexander Karađorđević. As a result, in 1840, Tenka Stefanović was forced to join a group of Constitutionalists (Toma Vučić-Perišić, Avram Petronijević, Milutin Garašanin and his two sons Luka and Ilija Garašanin, Stojan Simić, Matija Nenadović, Lazar Teodorović) who were sent in exile to Constantinople.

Ilija Garašanin
Ilija Garašanin (Serbian Cyrillic: Илија Гарашанин; 28 January 1812 – 22 June 1874) was a Serbian statesman who served as the prime minister of Serbia between 1852 and 1853 and again from 1861 to 1867.

Ilija Garašanin was conservative in internal politics. He believed that bureaucracy was the only way for administration to work. In foreign politics, he was the first pro-Yugoslavia statesman among Serbs. He believed that a great Yugoslav state had to maintain its independence from both Russia and Austria. He was one of the more influential Serbian politicians of the 19th century.
2001 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship
The 2001 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from 3–7 January 2001 at Metropolitan Golf Club in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was the third WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the first of three World Golf Championships events held in 2001.

Steve Stricker won his first and only World Golf Championships event at the match-play, by defeating Pierre Fulke 2&1 in the 36 hole final.

WGC Match Play
The WGC Match Play, titled in later years as the WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's golf tournament that had been held since 1999. It was the only one of the World Golf Championships to have been contested using the match play format. From 2016 until its final year in 2023, it was held at the Austin Country Club in Austin, Texas, United States.

Previous names include WGC-Dell Match Play (2015), WGC-Cadillac Match Play (2014), WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (2001–2013), and WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship (1999–2000). Before moving to Austin it had been hosted in Arizona eight times, California eight times, and Australia once. It is sanctioned and organized by the International Federation of PGA Tours and the prize money is official money on the PGA Tour, the European Tour and the Japan Golf Tour. Tiger Woods has the record number of wins with three. The winner receives a Wedgwood trophy named the Walter Hagen Cup.
Status effect
In video games, a status effect—also called a status condition or status ailment—is a temporary modification to a character’s attributes, abilities, or conditions. Status effects are a prominent feature in many massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), where they are commonly referred to as buffs (which provide positive enhancements to attributes like damage, defense, or speed) and debuffs (which impose negative conditions such as reduced damage, immobilization, or damage-over-time).

In MMORPGs, these mechanics play a central role in combat and progression systems, shaping player strategy, group coordination, and class roles.

Attribute (role-playing games)
An attribute is a piece of data (a "statistic") that describes to what extent a fictional character in a role-playing game possesses a specific natural, in-born characteristic common to all characters in the game. That piece of data is usually an abstract number or, in some cases, a set of dice. Some games use different terms to refer to an attribute, such as statistic, (primary) characteristic or ability.  A number of role-playing games like Fate do not use attributes at all.
Strange Case
"Strange Case" is the fourth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on October 16, 2016.

In this episode, the origins of Jekyll and Hyde with its ties to Rumplestiltskin are revealed, as Gold seeks vengeance to stop Hyde from threatening Belle, while Snow welcomes a new assistant who came from the Land of Untold Stories, who has an agenda of her own to deal with.

Once Upon a Time season 6
The sixth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama series Once Upon a Time was ordered on March 3, 2016. It premiered on September 25, 2016, and concluded on May 14, 2017. Ginnifer Goodwin, Jennifer Morrison, Lana Parrilla, Josh Dallas, Emilie de Ravin, Colin O'Donoghue, Jared S. Gilmore, Rebecca Mader, and Robert Carlyle return as principal cast members from the previous season. Due to the seventh season being a soft reboot, this season marks the final appearance of Goodwin, Morrison, Dallas, De Ravin, Gilmore, and Mader as regulars.

Existing fictional characters introduced to the series during the season include Aladdin, Jasmine, the Count of Monte Cristo, Captain Nemo, Lady Tremaine, Beowulf, Tiger Lily, and the Tin Man. The season also reintroduced Jafar and Dr. Arthur Lydgate, both of whom previously appeared in Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.
Southwest Yosemite League
The Southwest Yosemite League is a high school athletic league that is part of the CIF Central Section.  All of the schools are in Bakersfield, California.

The league was reformatted in 2018.  Bakersfield High School was opened in 1893, all the other teams in the league have opened since 1992.

There is a seasonal selection of All League players in the scope of sports administered by the league.

CIF Central Section
The California Interscholastic Federation—Central Section (CIF-CS) is the governing body of high school athletics in the central and southern portions of the San Joaquin Valley, the Eastern Sierra region, and as of the 2018/9 season, San Luis Obispo County and northern Santa Barbara County on the Central Coast. It is one of ten sections that are comprised by the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). As of the 2020–21 academic year, the Central Section consists of 18 athletic leagues.
Gorgavan
Gorgavan (Persian: گرگاوان, also Romanized as Gorgāvān; also known as Gorgābān and Gorgāvand) is a village in Osmanvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 19 families.

Osmanvand Rural District
Osmanvand Rural District (Persian: دهستان عثمان‌وند) is in Firuzabad District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Anjab-e Buzhan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sar Jub-e Qaleh Masgareh.
Willem Boy
Willem Boy (French: Guillaume Boyen; 1520 – 1592) was a Flemish painter, sculptor, and architect active in Sweden from around 1558 until his death.

Few of Boy's works have survived, and he is mainly remembered for the sarcophagus of King Gustav I in the Uppsala Cathedral.

Tre Kronor (castle)
Tre Kronor (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtreː ˈkrûːnʊr] or [ˈtreː ˈkrûːnɛr]) or Three Crowns Castle was a castle located in Stockholm, Sweden, on the site where Stockholm Palace is today. It is believed to have been a citadel that Birger Jarl built into a royal castle in the middle of the 13th century. The name "Tre Kronor" is believed to have been given to the castle during the reign of King Magnus Eriksson in the middle of the 14th century.

Most of Sweden's national library and royal archives were destroyed when the castle burned down in 1697, making the country's early history unusually difficult to document.
Eucryptite
Eucryptite is a lithium-bearing aluminium silicate mineral with formula LiAlSiO4. It crystallizes in the trigonal - rhombohedral crystal system. It typically occurs as granular to massive in form and may pseudomorphically replace spodumene. It has a brittle to conchoidal fracture and indistinct cleavage. It is transparent to translucent and varies from colorless to white to brown. It has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 and a specific gravity of 2.67. Optically it is uniaxial positive with refractive index values of nω = 1.570 – 1.573 and nε = 1.583 – 1.587.

Its typical occurrence is in lithium-rich pegmatites in association with albite, spodumene, petalite, amblygonite, lepidolite and quartz.

It occurs as a secondary alteration product of spodumene. It was first described in 1880 for an occurrence at its type locality, Branchville, Connecticut. Its name was from the Greek for well concealed, for its typical occurrence embedded in albite.

Lepidolite
Lepidolite is the common name for a lilac-gray or rose-colored series of minerals in the mica group. The mineralogical name for this series is the polylithionite-trilithionite series. Lepidolite has a chemical formula of K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(F,OH)2. It is the most abundant lithium-bearing mineral and is a secondary source of this metal. It is also the major source of the alkali metal rubidium, which substitutes (as in all minerals) for potassium.

Lepidolite is found with other lithium-bearing minerals, such as spodumene, in pegmatite bodies. It has also been found in high-temperature quartz veins, greisens and granite.
Shilha
Shilha (from Colloquial Arabic Šəlḥa) is a term used to refer to a number of Berber languages spoken across northern Africa. In international usage, it most commonly refers to Tashelhiyt (Tašlḥiyt), the language of the Išlḥiyn of southwestern Morocco. Other Berber varieties to which it refers include:

Ghomara

Central Atlas Tamazight

Senhaja de Srair language

South Oran Berber (various ksour in southwestern Algeria and southeastern Morocco)

Oued Righ Berber (around Touggourt)

Tunisian Berber in general: Djerbi, Matmata (Tamezret), Douiri.

It is also used locally to refer to a non-Berber language of the region: Korandje in Tabelbala.

Jerba Berber
Berber of Djerba, Shilha of Djerba,  Djerbi or Djerbian (in Berber: eddwi jjerbi or Tadjerbit) is a Berber language of the Eastern Maghreb, spoken on the island of Djerba, in Tunisia. It is a component of what is regularly denominated Tunisian "Shilha" or "Chelha" in the south of the country.

The Djerba Berber belongs to the group of Zenet languages of the East, to which also belong the other Berber dialects of Tunisia as well as that of the city of Zuwarah in Libya.