hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Socialist Action Committee
The Socialist Action Committee (CAS) was a French Resistance movement founded in March 1941 by Daniel Mayer and Suzanne Buisson under the guidance of Léon Blum. Its purpose was to reorganize the underground French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and coordinate socialist resistance against the German occupation and the Vichy regime.

The movement ceased to exist in March 1943, when it was replaced by the clandestine SFIO.

Libération-Nord
Libération-Nord (French pronunciation: [libeʁasjɔ̃ nɔʁ], "Liberation-North") was one of the principal resistance movements in the northern occupied zone of France during the Second World War.

It was one of the eight great networks making up the National Council of the Resistance.
Belogradchik Municipality
Belogradchik Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Белоградчик) is a municipality (obshtina) in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, located in the western parts of the so-called Fore-Balkan area. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Belogradchik. To the west and southwest, the municipality borders on Republic of Serbia.

The area embraces a territory of 411 km2 (159 sq mi) with a population of 7,045 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The municipality is best known with the Belogradchik Rocks,  impressive rock formations located just south of the main town as well as the medieval Belogradchik Fortress situated in the same rocky area. Another place of interest is the Magura Cave, with its beautiful prehistoric cave paintings.

Belogradchik Rocks
The Belogradchik Rocks (Bulgarian: Белоградчишки скали, Belogradchishki skali) are a group of strangely shaped sandstone and conglomerate rock formations located on the western slopes of the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) near the town of Belogradchik in northwest Bulgaria. The rocks vary in color from primarily red to yellow; some of the rocks reach up to 200 m in height. Many rocks have fantastic shapes and are associated with interesting legends. They are often named after people or objects they are thought to resemble. The Belogradchik Rocks have been declared a Natural Landmark by the Bulgarian government and are a major tourist attraction in the region. They are the only habitat of the critically endangered Bulgarian endemic plant Hieracium belogradcense.
Japanese Garden, Montevideo
The Japanese Garden of Montevideo (Spanish: Jardín Japonés de Montevideo; Japanese: モンテビデオの日本庭園') is located in the Prado neighbourhood of Montevideo, behind the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum.

It was donated by Japan as a memorial to the 80th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries, and inaugurated on 24 September 2001 by Princess Sayako.

A wooden plaque, with calligraphy by then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, bears the inscription 平成苑 "Heisei Garden", being the year 13 of the Heisei Era (reign of Akihito) at the time of the inauguration.

Prado, Montevideo
Prado is a barrio (neighbourhood or district) in Montevideo, Uruguay. Located in the central-western part of the city and crossed by the Miguelete Creek, it is a residential neighborhood known for its mansions and palatial homes built between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Administratively divided between Municipalities A and C of the Montevideo Department, its geographical center is the park from which it takes its name. It borders Capurro to the southwest, La Teja to the west, Belvedere to the northwest, Paso de las Duranas to the north, Aires Puros to the northeast and Atahualpa to the east and Bella Vista to the south.
Stark City, Missouri
Stark City is a town in Newton County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Stark City had a population of 125. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is adjacent to the battlefield of the Second Battle of Newtonia.

Joplin, Missouri
Joplin is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city lies in Jasper County, with the southern portion extending into Newton County. With a population of 51,762 at the 2020 census, Joplin is the 12th most-populous city in the state. The city covers an area of 38.21 square miles (99.0 km2) on the outer edge of the Ozark Mountains in southwestern Missouri. Joplin is the principal city of the three-county Joplin metropolitan area, which is home to 210,077 people and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Missouri. In May 2011, a violent EF5 tornado killed more than 150 people and destroyed one-third of the city.
Daniel D. Bidwell
Daniel Davidson Bidwell (August 12, 1819 – October 19, 1864) was a civic leader in Buffalo, New York, before the outbreak of the American Civil War.  He enlisted early in the war and then was appointed colonel of a regiment of infantry.  He was promoted to general in command of a brigade in early 1864, leading it until he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek.

Horatio Wright
Horatio Gouverneur Wright (March 6, 1820 – July 2, 1899) was an engineer and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He took command of the VI Corps in May 1864 following the death of General John Sedgwick. In this capacity, he was responsible for building the fortifications around Washington DC, and in the Overland Campaign he commanded the first troops to break through the Confederate defenses at Petersburg. After the war, he was involved in a number of engineering projects, including the Brooklyn Bridge and the completion of the Washington Monument, and served as Chief of Engineers for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Victoria Spartz
Victoria Spartz (née Kulheyko; born October 6, 1978) is a Ukrainian-born American politician and businesswoman who is the U.S. representative for Indiana's 5th congressional district. Spartz is a member of the Republican Party, but declined receiving any Republican committee assignments. She previously represented the 20th district in the Indiana Senate.

The Indianapolis Star
The Indianapolis Star (also known as IndyStar) is a morning daily newspaper that began publishing on June 6, 1903, in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It has been the only major daily paper in the city since 1999, when the Indianapolis News ceased publication. It won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2021 and the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting twice, in 1975 and 1991. It is currently owned by Gannett.
Alex Cullen (politician)
Alexander Shaun Cullen is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is a former member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and a former member of Ottawa City Council, representing the Bay Ward in Ottawa's west end. He retired in 2016 and went on to serve as president of the Federation of Citizens Associations (FCA) in Ottawa (2021-22).

1999 Ontario general election
General elections were held on June 3, 1999, to elect members of the 37th Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province Ontario.

The governing Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Premier Mike Harris, was re-elected to a second majority government.

The last time the Legislative Assembly of Ontario had experienced a reduced number of seats heading into an election was in 1934. Previously, the province's riding boundaries were different from those used in federal elections. In the 1999 election, as a consequence of an Act passed in 1996, provincial riding boundaries were redrawn to precisely match federal ridings, resulting in 27 fewer seats in the legislature. Notably, in a number of ridings this resulted in incumbent MPPs directly facing each other in the new seats; in a few ridings, incumbent MPPs from the same party even had to compete against each other for their own party's nomination.
Colonelganj Assembly constituency
Colonelganj is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the town of Colonelganj in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Colonelganj is one of five assembly constituencies in the Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 298 amongst 403 constituencies.

Gonda district
Gonda district is an administrative district in the Awadh region of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is located at the city of Gonda, which also serves as the administrative centre of the Devipatan division. The district covers an area of 4,003 km2 (1,546 sq mi).
Ling Liong Sik
Ling Liong Sik (simplified Chinese: 林良实; traditional Chinese: 林良實; pinyin: Lín Liángshí; Foochow Romanized: Lìng Liòng-sĭk; born 18 September 1943) is a Malaysian politician. He was the sixth president of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition and also the former Minister of Transport. Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak filed the suit against Ling Liong Sik on 2015, alleging that Ling had made libellous remarks against him in an article carried on a news portal.

He is the current chancellor and former chairman of the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR). UTAR's Dewan Tun Dr. Ling Liong Sik is named in honour after him.

In 27 October 2015, Prime Minister Najib Razak sued Ling Liong Sik for allegedly implying that he had misused public fund for his personal interests. In 22 May 2018, Najib withdrew his defamation suit against Ling Liong Sik over the alleged misuse of public funds.

Mata Kuching
Mata Kuching was a federal constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1974 to 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Kongemose culture
The Kongemose culture (Kongemosekulturen)  was a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer culture in southern Scandinavia ca. 6000 BC–5200 BC  and the origin of the Ertebølle culture. It was preceded by the Maglemosian culture. In the north it bordered on the Scandinavian Nøstvet and Lihult cultures.

The Kongemose culture is named after a location in western Zealand and its typical form is known from Denmark and Skåne. The finds are characterised by long flintstone flakes, used for making characteristic rhombic arrowheads, scrapers, drills, awls, and toothed blades. Tiny micro blades constituted the edges of bone daggers that were often decorated with geometric patterns. Stone axes were made of a variety of stones, and other tools were made of horn and bone. The main economy was based on hunting red deer, roe deer, and wild boar, supplemented by fishing at the coastal settlements.

Arrow
An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. A typical arrow usually consists of a long, stiff, straight shaft with a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, multiple fin-like stabilizers called fletchings mounted near the rear, and a slot at the rear end called a nock for engaging the bowstring. A container or bag carrying additional arrows for convenient reloading is called a quiver.

The use of bows and arrows by humans predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. A craftsman who makes arrows is a fletcher, and one who makes arrowheads is an arrowsmith.
1910 New York state election
The 1910 New York state election was held on November 8, 1910, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer, the state engineer and two judges of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. The voters were also asked if they approved a $2,500,000 bond issue for the improvement and extension of Palisades Interstate Park, which was answered in the affirmative, with 349,281 For and 285,910 Against. A constitutional amendment which proposed to add two judges to the New York Court of Appeals and to increase the judges' salaries was rejected by a margin of only 292 votes, with 332,300 For and 332,592 Against.

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
2012 Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad
The 2012 Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 45th edition of the Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 16 July through 22 July 2012.

Swiss Open (tennis)
The EFG Swiss Open Gstaad (currently sponsored by EFG International) is a tennis tournament held in Gstaad, Switzerland. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Tour schedule as an ATP Tour 250 series event. It is the eighth oldest tennis tournament in the world. Between 1971 and 1989 it was an event of the Grand Prix tennis circuit.
Carnival Games
Carnival Games (known in Europe and Australia as Carnival Funfair Games) is a party video game for Wii, Nintendo DS and iPhone, with a re-release for Nintendo Switch. It was the last game published by Global Star Software, before it was absorbed into Take-Two Interactive (and what is now 2K).

Despite mixed reviews by most gaming websites and critics, the game was a commercial success. The Wii and DS versions of the game sold over six million units as of June 2010, which, according to the NPD Group, was the third best-selling third-party game on the Wii.

As a result of the original's success, a follow-up for the Wii was launched in the fall of 2008, titled Carnival Games: Mini-Golf. A proper sequel, New Carnival Games, was released on September 21, 2010, for the Wii and Nintendo DS. A new game for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch, simply called Carnival Games, was released on November 6, 2018, and for Microsoft Windows (Steam) on November 19, 2020.

Party video game
A party video game is a genre of video game that stems from in-person party games, involving player-to-player interaction as the central gameplay element. These games are often defined by simple controls which can be easily picked up and understood by players of any skill level.

Party video games generally consist of short-term experiences which may be played in succession, and are sometimes characterized in the form of minigames. These experiences may be played singularly or in a group, and usually feature several players competing simultaneously.
Aboriginal heritage inquiry system
The Aboriginal heritage inquiry system, or AHIS, is a database providing information concerning Aboriginal heritage places in Western Australia.

Aboriginal heritage sites in Western Australia are protected under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972, with information on these sites accessible through the Aboriginal heritage inquiry system.

Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972
The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (AHA) is a law in the state of Western Australia governing the protection of Aboriginal cultural sites. The Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2021 (ACH Act) was intended to replace the Act from 1 July 2023 but was revoked after only five weeks of operation.

The AHA protects all Aboriginal cultural heritage in Western Australia, whether or not heritage sites are registered or mapped by the Department of Planning, Lands, and Heritage. Under the Act the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs has the power to grant approval for any activity which would negatively impact Aboriginal heritage sites. Under the AHA, Aboriginal sites of outstanding importance can be declared Protected Areas. The AHA also provides protection for Aboriginal objects.
Paddy's Reward Club Chase
The Paddy's Reward Club Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland. It is run at Leopardstown Racecourse in December, over a distance of about 2 miles and 1 furlong (3,420 metres) and during the race there are 11 fences to be jumped. The race was first run in 1998 as a Listed race, before being run as a Grade 1 race from 2007 onwards. The race is sponsored by Paddy Power bookmakers and has had various titles promoting Paddy Power products during its history. The 2019 race was run as the Paddy's Rewards Club "Loyalty's Dead, Live For Rewards" Chase.

Leopardstown Racecourse
Leopardstown Racecourse 53°15′57″N 6°11′21″W﻿ / ﻿53.26583°N 6.18917°W﻿ / 53.26583; -6.18917 is a horse-racing course in Leopardstown, approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Dublin city centre, in Ireland. Like the majority of Irish courses, it hosts both National Hunt and Flat racing.

Built by Captain George Quin and modelled on Sandown Park Racecourse in England, it was completed in 1888 and acquired by the Horse Racing Board of Ireland in 1967. Many important races are held there; racing takes place all year round, with about 22 meetings per year.

In 1941, Royal Air Force pilot Hugh Verity, who flew many secret agents at night into and out of farm fields in France, force-landed on the racecourse. He was interned briefly before escaping back to England.

The Leopardstown Hall of Fame honours famous Irish horse racing trainers, jockeys and horses, including Vincent O'Brien, Tom Dreaper, Pat Taaffe and Pat Eddery, Arkle, Dawn Run, Levmoss and Nijinsky.
Al Hilal Bank
Al Hilal Bank (Arabic: مصرف الهلال), established in 2007, is an Islamic bank headquartered in Abu Dhabi, UAE offering Shari’ah compliant retail banking and wealth management.

Al Hilal Bank was acquired by ADCB Group in 2019.

With issued capital of DH 4 billion and paid-up capital of DH 3.5 billion, the Bank had credit ratings of A+ and A2 by Fitch and Moody’s respectively. The Bank has 14 retail branches across the UAE and previously had 3 branches in Kazakhstan which now operate under the ADCB Islamic brand. Al Hilal Bank also offers online banking services.

United Arab Emirates dirham
The Emirati dirham (symbol: ; currency code: AED; /ˈdɪər(h)əm/;) Arabic: درهم إماراتي, abbreviation: د.إ in Arabic, Dh; is the official currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils (فلس). It is pegged to the United States dollar at a constant exchange rate of approximately 3.67 AED to 1 USD. In March 2025, the UAE Central Bank announced the creation of a Dirham currency symbol, , derived from the Latin letter D crossed with two horizontal lines.
Croatian Warmblood
Croatian Warmblood (Croatian: Hrvatski toplokrvnjak) is a warmblood type of horse originating in Croatia. It is a new type of middle-weight warmblood horses created at the end of the 20th century and officially recognized in 1998, bred as a utility crossbred obtained by crossing purebred tournament horses, used mainly for equestrian sport (dressage, show jumping, trail riding etc.) and carriage driving.

Warmblood
Warmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds primarily originating in Europe and registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport.
Halil İnalcık
Halil İnalcık (7 September 1916 – 25 July 2016) was a Turkish historian. His highly influential research centered on social and economic approaches to the Ottoman Empire. His academic career started at Ankara University, where he completed his PhD and worked between 1940 and 1972. Between 1972 and 1986, he taught Ottoman history at the University of Chicago. From 1994 onward, he taught at Bilkent University, where he founded the history department. He was a founding member of the Eurasian Academy.

Fernand Braudel
Fernand Paul Achille Braudel (French: [fɛʁnɑ̃ bʁodɛl]; 24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian. His scholarship focused on three main projects: The Mediterranean (1923–49, then 1949–66), Civilization and Capitalism (1955–79), and the unfinished Identity of France (1970–85). He was a member of the Annales School of French historiography and social history in the 1950s and 1960s.

Braudel emphasized the role of large-scale socioeconomic factors in the making and writing of history. In a 2011 poll by History Today magazine, he was named the most important historian of the previous 60 years.
The Call (Hersey novel)
The Call is a novel published in 1985 by the American writer John Hersey. The novel, which is in the form of a fictionalized biography with letters and excerpts from Treadup's journal, presents the experience of David Treadup, an American Protestant missionary in China during the first half of the twentieth century. As the novel progresses, and China undergoes Japanese invasion and communist revolution, Treadup reconsiders whether his efforts to help China were useful and questions the usefulness of the Christian mission. Hersey based Treadup on a composite of six historical China missionaries, including his own father. Other historical figures appear, sometimes under their own names.

Rural Reconstruction Movement
The Rural Reconstruction Movement was started in China in the 1920s by Y.C. James Yen, Liang Shuming and others to revive the Chinese village. They strove for a middle way, independent of the Nationalist government but in competition with the radical revolutionary approach to the village espoused by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party.
Roman ladders
Roman ladders are an equilibristic circus skill where four or more people perform acrobatics on specially made ladders. The performers in the middle push the ladders out, while the performers on the outside of the ladders perform various poses and tricks.

Ladder
A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or steps commonly used for climbing or descending. There are two types: rigid ladders that are self-supporting or that may be leaned against a vertical surface such as a wall, and flexible ladders, such as those made of rope or wire rope, that may be hung from the top.

The vertical members of a rigid ladder are called "stringers" or "rails" (US) or "stiles" (UK). Rigid ladders are usually portable, but some types are permanently fixed to a structure, building, or equipment. They are commonly made of metal, wood, or fiberglass, but they have been known to be made of tough plastic.
Domburg, Suriname
Domburg is a resort in the Wanica District of Suriname, located on the northern coast of South America.  Its population at the 2012 census was 5,661.

Domburg is located on the Suriname River, about 16 kilometers to the south of the capital of Paramaribo. It is bordered by the district Commewijne to the north and east, Para to the south and the resort Houttuin to the west. Near Domburg in Oost, an artificial white sand beach, White Beach, has been created along the Suriname River.

Resorts of Suriname
The ten districts of Suriname are divided into 63 resorts (Dutch: ressorten). Within the capital city of Paramaribo, a resort entails a neighbourhood; in other cases it is more akin to a municipality, consisting of a central place with a few settlements around it. The resorts in the Sipaliwini District are especially large, since the interior of Suriname is sparsely inhabited.

The average resort is about 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and has almost 8,000 inhabitants. According to article 161 of the Constitution of Suriname, the highest political body of the resort is the resort council. Elections for the resort council are held every five years and are usually at the same time as the Suriname general elections.