hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laverton, Gloucestershire
Laverton is a village in Tewkesbury Borough in Gloucestershire, England.  It lies less than a mile south of the village of Buckland, and is in the civil parish of Buckland. The cluster of cottages and farmhouses are built of local Cotswold stone, the oldest dating back at least to the 17th century. A long distance path crosses the village.

Broadway, Worcestershire
Broadway is a large village and civil parish in the Cotswolds, England, with a population of 2,540 at the 2011 census. It is in the far southeast of Worcestershire, close to the Gloucestershire border, midway between Evesham and Moreton-in-Marsh.
It is sometimes referred to as the "Jewel of the Cotswolds".

Broadway village lies beneath Fish Hill on the western Cotswold escarpment. The "broad way" is the wide grass-fringed main street, centred on the Green, which is lined with red chestnut trees and honey-coloured Cotswold limestone buildings, many dating from the 16th century. It is known for its association with the Arts and Crafts movement, and is in an area of outstanding scenery and conservation. The wide High Street is lined with a wide variety of shops and cafes, many housed in listed buildings.
James R. Sears
James R. Sears Jr. is a retired United States Air Force major general who served as the deputy commander of Air Education and Training Command from 2022 to 2024. He served as the Commander of the Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center. Previously, he was the Director of Plans, Programs, and Requirements of the Air Education and Training Command.

Air Education and Training Command
The Air Education and Training Command (AETC) is one of the nine Major Commands (MAJCOM) of the United States Air Force (USAF), reporting to Headquarters, United States Air Force. It was established 1 July 1993, with the realignment of Air Training Command and Air University.

AETC is headquartered at Randolph Air Force Base, Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. AETC is the primary training and professional education command in the Air Force.

More than 48,000 active duty and Air Reserve Component members and 14,000 civilian personnel make up AETC. The command has responsibility for approximately 1,600 aircraft.

AETC's mission is to "recruit, train and educate Airmen to deliver air power for America."
Nevill Coghill
Nevill Henry Kendal Aylmer Coghill FRSL (19 April 1899 – 6 November 1980) was an Anglo-Irish literary scholar, known especially for his modern-English version of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. He was an associate of the literary discussion group the "Inklings", which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis.

Gresham Professor of Rhetoric
The Professor of Rhetoric at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597  when it created seven professorships; this was later increased to ten. Rhetoric is one of the original professorships as set out by the will of Thomas Gresham in 1575.

The title is a broad one; Professors of Rhetoric have included historians, poets, educators and literary critics. The Professor of Rhetoric is appointed in partnership with the Worshipful Company of Mercers.
Obesity in the United States
Obesity is common in the United States and is a major health issue associated with numerous diseases, specifically an increased risk of certain types of cancer, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease, as well as significant increases in early mortality and economic costs.

Body mass index
Body mass index (BMI) is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms (kg) and height in metres (m).

The BMI is a convenient rule of thumb used to broadly categorize a person as based on tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) and height. Major adult BMI classifications are underweight (under 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), and obese (30 or more). When used to predict an individual's health, rather than as a statistical measurement for groups, the BMI has limitations that can make it less useful than some of the alternatives, especially when applied to individuals with abdominal obesity, short stature, or high muscle mass.

BMIs under 20 and over 25 have been associated with higher all-cause mortality, with the risk increasing with distance from the 20–25 range.
Lac La Biche Mission
The Lac La Biche Mission (officially Notre Dame des Victoires / Lac La Biche Mission) is an historic site located on Lac la Biche in Alberta, Canada.

The mission was established in 1853 by Oblate missionaries in what is now the town of Lac La Biche, Alberta, it was moved to its current lakeside location in 1855.

The mission introduced agriculture, boat building, saw milling, and other pre-industrial skills to First Nations people living in the area. The site currently has several historical buildings and displays. Guided tours are available. The Lac La Biche Mission is a Provincial Historic Site (Alberta) and a National Historic Site .

Lac La Biche (Alberta)
Lac La Biche (/ˌlæk lə ˈbɪʃ/ LAK lə BISH) is a large lake in north-central Alberta, Canada. It is located along the Northern Woods and Water Route, 95 km east of Athabasca. Lac La Biche has a total area of 236 km2 (91 sq mi), including 3.2 km2 (1.2 sq mi) islands area.
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 3
The third season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta aired on VH1 from May 5, 2014 until September 8, 2014. The season was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It was executively produced by Mona Scott-Young for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud and Stefan Springman for Eastern TV, and Susan Levison, Nina L. Diaz, Brad Abramson and Danielle Gelfand for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the Atlanta area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 20 episodes, including a three-part reunion special hosted by Sommore.

Stevie J
Steven Aaron Jordan (born November 2, 1973) is an American DJ, record producer, and television personality. As part of the Bad Boy Records production team the Hitmen, Jordan won a Grammy Award for his work on Puff Daddy's debut album No Way Out (1997). Throughout the late 1990s, Jordan produced for a number of artists including Mariah Carey, Tevin Campbell, The Notorious B.I.G., 112, Jodeci, Faith Evans, Jay-Z, and Eve.
Dumbell's Bank
Dumbell's Bank was a bank in the Isle of Man. The bank's insolvency in 1900, known as Black Saturday and referred to in the Isle of Man as the Dumbell's Bank Crash, resulted in a run on the bank with many individuals losing their life savings and the ruin of numerous local businesses causing poverty, depression and bankruptcy. The effects were profound and lasted for a considerable number of years.

Isle of Man Bank
The Isle of Man Bank is a bank in the British Crown dependency of the Isle of Man, providing retail, private and business banking services to the local population. Incorporated in 1865, it has operated as a trading name of RBS International since 2019. It is licensed by the Isle of Man Financial Services Authority in respect of deposit taking and investment business and registered as a general insurance intermediary.
M. Ramalingam
M. Ramalingam (b. 1939), is a Tamil literary critic, poet, author and translator from Tamil Nadu, India.  He is the recipient of the 1981 Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil . He is popularly known as Ezhil mudhalvan. His works serve as the source of much research in the field of Tamil fiction.

Government Arts College, Kumbakonam
The Government Arts College, previously known as the Government Arts College for Men, is an autonomous college based in the town of Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, India. This college is functioning under Bharathidasan University. The vice-chancellor of this university is under the charge of Dr. M. Selvam. Dr. K. Duraiarasan has been the principal of this college since taking charge in the last two years of 2020. He is a former examination control officer of Bharathidasan University and assistant director of Tamil Nadu Government's Tamil Internet Education Institute. The college is ranked 71th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2025.
Igor Shafarevich
Igor Rostislavovich Shafarevich (Russian: И́горь Ростисла́вович Шафаре́вич; 3 June 1923 – 19 February 2017) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician who contributed to algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry. Outside mathematics, he wrote books and articles that criticised socialism and other books which were described as anti-semitic.

Mikhail Astafyev
Mikhail Georgiyevich Astafyev (Russian: Михаил Георгиевич Астафьев; born September 16, 1946) is a physicist and a former Russian politician. Born in Moscow, he was the Peoples' Deputy of the Russian Federation from 1990 to 1993.
Interference reflection microscopy
Interference reflection microscopy (IRM), also called Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM) or Reflection Contrast Microscopy (RCM) depending on the specific optical elements used, is an optical microscopy technique that leverages thin-film interference effects to form an image of an object on a glass surface. The intensity of the signal is a measure of proximity of the object to the glass surface. This technique can be used to study events at the cell membrane without the use of a (fluorescent) label as is the case for TIRF microscopy.

Polarizer
A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, known as polarized light. Polarizers are used in many optical techniques and instruments. Polarizers find applications in photography and LCD technology. In photography, a polarizing filter can be used to filter out reflections.

The common types of polarizers are linear polarizers and circular polarizers. Polarizers can also be made for other types of electromagnetic waves besides visible light, such as radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays.
Borneanapis
Borneanapis is a genus of Indonesian araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, containing the single species, Borneanapis belalong. It was  first described by R. Snazell in 2009, and has only been found in Indonesia.

Anapidae
Anapidae is a family of rather small spiders with 233 described extant species in 59 genera. It includes the former family Micropholcommatidae as the subfamily Micropholcommatinae, and the former family Holarchaeidae. Most species are less than 2 millimetres (0.079 in) long.

They generally live in leaf litter and moss on the floor of rain forest. Many build orb webs with a diameter less than 3 centimetres (1.2 in). In some species, such as Pseudanapis parocula, the pedipalps of the female are reduced to coxal stumps.
Cocotropus roseus
Corcotropus roseus is a species of fish within the family Aploactinidae. They are found in the Indian Ocean in the Maldives and along the coast of India at depths less than 100 m (330 ft). The fish is classified as "Least Concern" in terms of conservation needs.

Velvetfish
Little velvetfishes or simply Velvetfishes are a subfamily, the Aploactininae, of marine ray-finned fishes classified within the family Synanceiidae of the suborder Scorpaenoidei. They are small fish that have skin with a velvet texture. They live on the sea bottom close to the shore, at depths of up to 100 metres (330 ft). They are found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Viet D. Dinh
Viet D. Dinh (Vietnamese: Đinh Đồng Phụng Việt; born February 22, 1968) is a Vietnamese-born American legal scholar who is on the board of Strategic Education. He is also the Chief Legal and Policy Officer of Fox Corporation  where he leads all legal, government and regulatory and government affairs. He served as an Assistant Attorney General of the United States from 2001 to 2003, under the presidency of George W. Bush. Previously, Dinh was a partner at two leading law firms, Kirkland & Ellis LLP and Bancroft PLLC, the latter of which he founded.  Born in Saigon, in former South Vietnam, he was a major contributor to the Patriot Act and is a former member of the Board of Directors of News Corporation.

Lachlan Murdoch
Lachlan Keith Murdoch (born 8 September 1971) is a businessman and mass media heir. He is the son of the media tycoon Rupert Murdoch. He is the executive chairman of Nova Entertainment, chairman of News Corp, executive chairman and CEO of Fox Corporation. In 2025, Murdoch's net worth was estimated at A$3.21 billion, as published in the Financial Review Rich List.
Daniel C. Miller
Daniel C. Miller (born August 10, 1956) is an American politician and public servant from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He is current Harrisburg City Treasurer, and previously was the Harrisburg City Controller and was a member of the Harrisburg City Council. The latter two positions were elected at large. Miller is Harrisburg's first openly gay city councillor.

Harrisburg City Council
The Harrisburg City Council is the legislative branch of the city government of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and consists of seven members elected at-large. The council president is elected by the council members and presides over city council meetings. In the event of illness or absence of the president, the vice president presides over the meetings. Each member's term is four years, serving part-time. There are no limits on the number of terms a member may serve.
Mount Lolo
Mount Lolo (Étsxem in the Shuswap language), 1748m (5735'), prominence 818m, is a summit 20 km northeast of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, between Paul and Heffley Lakes.  The summit is part of a small portion of the Interior Plateau which lies within the angle of the confluence of the South and North Thompson Rivers, to the east of which is an upland area known as the Shuswap Highland.

This was the site of a Pine Tree Line early warning radar station from 1957 to 1988. Manned by the Royal Air Force Engineers and connected to Norad in Cheyenne Mountain, it stood guard against the Ruskies.

Interior Plateau
The Interior Plateau comprises a large region of the Interior of British Columbia, and lies between the Cariboo and Monashee Mountains on the east, and the Hazelton Mountains, Coast Mountains and Cascade Range on the west. The continuation of the plateau into the United States is known there as the Columbia Plateau.

Physiographically, the Interior Plateau is a section of the larger Northern Plateaus province, which in turn is part of the Intermontane Plateaus physiographic division.

The Interior Plateau is not part of the Interior Mountains, a huge area that constitutes most of the northern two thirds of the Canadian province of British Columbia between the Coast Mountains, Rocky Mountains and the various small ranges on the inland lea of the Coast Mountains between the Bulkley Ranges and the Bella Coola River.
Aguachica
Aguachica (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈtʃika]), is a city and municipality in the southern region of the Cesar Department, Colombia, located between the inter-Andean valley of Magdalena Medio and the Motilones. It is the second most populated municipality in the department and an important livestock and commercial center in the southeast of the Colombian Caribbean.

In terms of transportation infrastructure, its geographically strategic position connects the Colombian Caribbean with the Santanderes through the Ruta del Sol, and is also a key communication point for the Catatumbo region via National Route 70. It also has air transportation through the Hacaritama Airport, a railway system, and in parallel with the Magdalena River waterway through the port of Gamarra.

Santander Department
Santander (Spanish pronunciation: [santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, Boyacá to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.
Serra do Caramulo
Serra do Caramulo is a mountain range in Central Portugal. The mountain is part of the intermunicipal community of Viseu Dão Lafões and is populated by villages with granite houses and espigueiros typical of this region. Some traces of Neolithic and Roman occupation, such as the megaliths and stone tracks, can still be found in the range. It has a rich flora, predominated by Genista tridentata and heather and also the rare Rhododendron ponticum.

The Caramulinho is the highest peak of the range where the Atlantic Ocean and Serra da Estrela are visible in the clearest days.

The small locality of Caramulo is also part of the range.

Viseu Dão Lafões
The Comunidade Intermunicipal Viseu Dão Lafões (Portuguese pronunciation: [viˈzew ðɐ̃w lɐˈfõjʃ]) is an administrative division in Portugal. It replaced the previously existing Greater Metropolitan Area of Viseu. Since January 2015, Viseu Dão Lafões is also a NUTS3 subregion of Centro Region, that covers the same area as the intermunicipal community. The main city and seat of the intermunicipal community is Viseu. The population in 2011 was 267,633, in an area of 3,237.74 km².
International Center for Academic Integrity
The International Center for Academic Integrity (ICAI) is a consortium of colleges, universities, and other institutions devoted to the cultivation integrity in educational spaces and endeavors.  ICAI provides a forum to identify, affirm, and promote the values of academic integrity among students, faculty, teachers, researchers, and administrators.

ICAI is a registered 501c3 nonprofit organization in the United States.  With over 240 institutional member organizations and nearly 1,500 individual representatives, ICAI and its members have surveyed more than 250,000 undergraduate and graduate students to assess practices and mores related to the current climate of academic integrity, primarily in the United States and Canada, and to a lesser extent, worldwide.

Academic integrity
Academic integrity is a moral code or ethical policy of academia. Academic integrity supports the enactment of educational values through behaviours such as the  avoidance of cheating, plagiarism, and contract cheating, as well as the maintenance of academic standards; honesty and rigor in research and academic publishing.

The term was popularized by Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe who is considered to be the "grandfather of academic integrity".  Other academic integrity scholars and advocates include Tracey Bretag (Australia), Cath Ellis (Australia), Sarah Elaine Eaton (Canada), Thomas Lancaster (UK), Tomáš Foltýnek (Czech Republic), and Tricia Bertram Gallant (US).
Nickel superoxide dismutase
Nickel superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD) is a metalloenzyme that, like the other superoxide dismutases, protects cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing the disproportionation of the cytotoxic  superoxide radical (O−2) to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxide is a reactive oxygen species that is produced in large amounts during photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration.  The equation for the disproportionation of superoxide is shown below:

Ni-SOD was first isolated in 1996 from Streptomyces bacteria and is primarily found in prokaryotic organisms. It has since been observed in cyanobacteria and a number of other aquatic microbes. 
Ni-SOD is homohexameric, meaning that it has six identical subunits. Each subunit has a single nickel containing active site. The disproportionation mechanism involves a reduction-oxidation cycle where a single electron transfer is catalyzed by the Ni2+/Ni3+  redox couple. Ni-SOD catalyzes close to the barrier of diffusion.

Metalloprotein
Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large proportion of all proteins are part of this category. For instance, at least 1000 human proteins (out of ~20,000) contain zinc-binding protein domains although there may be up to 3000 human zinc metalloproteins.
KYWW
KYWW (1530 kHz, "Puro Tejano 1530 AM") is a Spanish language AM radio station, licensed to Harlingen, Texas, United States, and serving the Rio Grande Valley border area. It is owned by Latino Media Network, and airs a Spanish language Tejano music format.

By day, KYWW is powered at 50,000 watts non-directional, the maximum for American commercial AM radio stations. Because 1530 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for KFBK in Sacramento and WCKY in Cincinnati, KYWW reduces power at night to 10,000 watts to avoid interference. After sunset and during critical hours, it uses a directional antenna with a six-tower array. The transmitter is on Route 491 in Stockholm, Texas.

TelevisaUnivision
TelevisaUnivision (formerly known as Univision Communications) is a Mexican–American media company, headquartered in Mexico City and New York City that owns American Spanish-language broadcast network Univision and free-to-air channels in Mexico such as Las Estrellas, El 5*, N+ Foro, and NU9VE alongside a collection of specialty television channels and production studios. 45% of the company is held by the Mexican telecommunications and broadcasting company Grupo Televisa, which was a major programming partner for Univision until the company sold their content assets to Univision Communications in 2022.

Since its founding in the early 1960s as Spanish International Network (SIN), the United States' first Spanish language television network, the company has catered to Hispanic and Latino Americans. It is currently a multimedia conglomerate, with free-to-air and specialty, digital and audio networks, including 65 television stations, online and mobile apps and products.
Royal Dutch Cricket Association
The Royal Dutch Cricket Association (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond; KNCB) is the governing body of cricket in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was formed in 1890 and received a Royal charter in 1958. The KNCB is responsible for the national men's and women's teams, and also for the various domestic competitions, including the Topklasse (Division One) and Hoofdklasse (Division Two) leagues, and the Dutch Twenty20 Cup. The KNCB has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 1966. It is one of the oldest national governing bodies in the sport, older than those of many full ICC members. The KNCB is also a member of the ICC Europe (succeeding the European Cricket Council), which organises the European Cricket Championship.

European Cricket Council
The European Cricket Council (ECC) was an international body which oversaw cricket in European countries other than the Test-playing cricketing nation of England, the only European Full Member of the ICC for the duration of the ECC's existence until 2010. Since 2008, ICC Europe, the International Cricket Council region for Europe has succeeded the operations of ECC, akin to ICC East Asia-Pacific and ICC Americas.
Arrondissements of the Vendée department
The 3 arrondissements of the Vendée department are:

Arrondissement of Fontenay-le-Comte, (subprefecture: Fontenay-le-Comte) with 105 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 139,706 in 2021.

Arrondissement of La Roche-sur-Yon, (prefecture of the Vendée department: La Roche-sur-Yon) with 77 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 304,663 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Les Sables-d'Olonne, (subprefecture: Les Sables-d'Olonne) with 71 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 255,090 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Les Sables-d'Olonne
The arrondissement of Les Sables-d'Olonne is an arrondissement of France in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region. It has 71 communes. Its population is 255,090 (2021), and its area is 1,914.7 km2 (739.3 sq mi).