hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
State Department Award for Valor
The Award for Valor is an obsolete award of the United States Department of State.  It has since been replaced with the Award for Heroism.  It was presented to employees of State, USAID and Marine guards assigned to diplomatic and consular facilities in recognition of acts of valor or outstanding performance under unusually difficult or dangerous circumstances, whether or not in connection with the performance of assigned duties.

The award consisted of a gold medal set and a certificate signed by an assistant secretary, an official of equivalent rank or the Chief of Mission.

The basic difference between the Award for Valor and the Award for Heroism is that the Valor Award was issued in 10K gold whereas the Heroism Award is issued in sterling silver.  The ribbon reflects this; the designs are almost identical, but the color scheme indicates the precious metal issued with the respective awards.

Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States government are civilian awards of the U.S. federal government which are typically issued for sustained meritorious service, in a civilian capacity, while serving in the U.S. federal government.  Certain U.S. government awards may also be issued to military personnel of the United States Armed Forces and be worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the United States military. In order of precedence, those U.S. non-military awards and decorations authorized for wear are worn after U.S. military personal decorations and unit awards and before U.S. military campaign and service awards.

The following is a selection of civilian awards which are presently issued by the U.S. government.
2004 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles
The 2004 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles was an event of the 2004 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Houston, Texas in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from April 12 through  April 18, 2006. The singles draw comprised 32 players and eight of them were seeded. Andre Agassi was the defending champion but did not compete that year. Unseeded Tommy Haas won the singles title after a 6–3, 6–4 win in the final against first-seeded Andy Roddick.

2004 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships
The 2004 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Westside Tennis Club in Houston, Texas in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. It was the 36th edition of the tournament and was held from April 12 through April 18, 2004. Tommy Haas won the singles title.
Punial
The valley of Punial (Urdu: پونیال) is situated in Ghizer District in the Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit annually. Punial is a mountainous valley situated at an elevation of about 5000–9000 feet. The territory of Punial has an area of about 35,900 km2 (13,900 sq mi).

Phander (village)
Phander (Urdu: پھنڈر) is the name of a village and valley in the Ghizer District located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The village is 184 kilometers from Gilgit on the road to the Shandur Pass, which continues on to Chitral.

There are four lakes in the valley, of which the Phander Lake is the largest.
Phander is one of the few places where the Gilgit River divides into several strands as it enters the valley, which merges again upon exit from the valley.
1962 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1962 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 31st staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kerry in the Munster final.

On 23 September 1962, Kerry won the championship following a 6-5 to 0-7 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title overall and their first in 12 championship seasons.

1961 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1961 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 30th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Galway entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Connacht Championship.

On 24 September 1961, Cork won the championship following a 3-7 to 0-5 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.
HMS Diligence (1756)
HMS Diligence was a 10-gun Alderney-class sloop of the Royal Navy which saw active service during the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War. Launched in 1756, she was a successful privateer hunter off the coast of France before being reassigned to North American waters in 1763. Fifteen years later she was briefly refitted as a receiving ship for press ganged sailors brought into Sheerness Dockyard, before being re-registered in August 1779 as the fireship Comet.

In December 1780 she was sold into private hands at Sheerness Dockyard for £300.

Fitting out
Fitting out, or outfitting, is the process in shipbuilding that follows the float-out/launching of a vessel and precedes sea trials. It is the period when all the remaining construction of the ship is completed and readied for delivery to her owners. Since most of the fitting-out process is interior work, this stage can overlap with latter stages, such as the sea trials.
Enbridge Pipeline System
The Enbridge Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system which transports crude oil and dilbit from Canada to the United States. The system exceeds 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) in length including multiple paths. More than 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) of the system is in the United States while the rest is in Canada and serves the Athabasca oil sands production facilities. Main parts of the system are 2,306-kilometre-long (1,433 mi) Canadian Mainline and 3,057-kilometre-long (1,900 mi) Lakehead System (U.S. Mainline).  On average, it delivers 1.4 million barrels per day (220×10^3 m3/d) of crude oil and other products to the major oil refineries in the American Midwest and the Canadian province of Ontario. The Canadian portion is owned by Enbridge, while the U.S. portion is partly owned by that company through Enbridge Energy Partners, LP, formerly known as Lakehead Pipe Line Partners and Lakehead Pipe Line Company.

Cushing, Oklahoma
Cushing (Meskwaki: Koshineki, Iowa-Oto: Amína P^óp^oye Chína, meaning: "Soft-seat town") is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Cushing had a population of 8,327. Cushing was established after the Land Run of 1891 by William "Billy Rae" Little. It was named for Marshall Cushing, private secretary to U.S. Postmaster General John Wanamaker.

A 1912 oil boom led to the city's development as a refining center, with over 50 refineries operating in Cushing over its history.  Today, Cushing is a major trading hub for crude oil and a price settlement point for West Texas Intermediate on the New York Mercantile Exchange and is known as the "Pipeline Crossroads of the World."
Poster House
Poster House is the first museum in the United States dedicated exclusively to posters. Located in Chelsea, Manhattan, New York City, on 23rd Street between Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue, the museum opened to the public on June 20, 2019.

Poster
A poster is a large sheet, usually made of some type of paper or plastic, that is placed either on a public space to promote something or on a wall as decoration. Typically, posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative. Posters may be used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool of advertisers (particularly of events, musicians, and films), propagandists, protestors, and other groups trying to communicate a message. Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to the original artwork. The modern poster, as we know it, however, dates back to the 1840s and 1850s when the printing industry perfected colour lithography and made mass production possible.
Soonwald
The Soonwald (German pronunciation: [ˈzoːnʋalt]) is a forested, low mountain region, up to 657.5 m above sea level (NN), which forms part of the Hunsrück mountains in the German Central Uplands. It lies within the counties of Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis and Bad Kreuznach in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Argenthal
Argenthal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.
Toad notie
The toad notie (Lindbergichthys mizops), or toad notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.

Nototheniidae
In some scientific literature, the term "cod icefish" is used to identify members of this family. This should not be confused with the term "icefish," which refers to the "white-blooded" fishes of the family Channichthyidae. See Icefish (disambiguation).

Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes, is a family of ray-finned fishes, part of the suborder Notothenioidei which is traditionally placed within the order Perciformes. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean.
Global Environmental Politics
Global Environmental Politics (GEP) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal which examines the relationship between global political forces and environmental change. It covers such topics as the role of states, international finance, science and technology, and grass roots movements. The journal is associated with the environmental section of the International Studies Association. Issues of Global Environmental Politics are divided into three types of articles: short commentaries for a section called Current Debates/Forum, full-length research articles, and book review articles.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 4.8, ranking it 7th out of 160 journals in the category "International Relations".

Elsevier Biobase
Elsevier BIOBASE is a bibliographic database covering all topics pertaining to biological research throughout the world. It was established in the 1950s in print format as Current Awareness in Biological Sciences. Temporal coverage is from 1994 to the present. The database has over 4.1 million records as of December 2008. More than 300,000 records are added annually and 84% contain an abstract. It is updated weekly.
Joseph Needham Tayler
Vice-Admiral Joseph Needham Tayler CB (15 August 1783 – 19 March 1864) was an officer of the British Royal Navy who served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, mainly as a junior officer, before finally achieving command of his own ship in 1810, serving off the coast of northern Spain. His active career was cut short by serious injury in 1813, and he then concentrated on his inventions and innovations in naval technology. He commanded a naval gunnery school in the late 1830s, before being retired in 1846.

Bermeo
Bermeo is a town and municipality in the comarca of Busturialdea. It is in the province of Biscay, which is part of the autonomous region of the Basque Country in northern Spain.

With a population of 16,765, it is the most important fishing port in the Basque Country. The town was founded in 1236, and is the largest in Busturialdea. Bermeo was the provincial capital of Biscay from 1476 to 1602.

Tourist attractions include the island of Gaztelugatxe, the Ercilla Tower (a fishing museum), San Juan Gate and the port. Bermeo is connected by Euskotren Trena and BizkaiBus to Bilbao. It has a number of neighbourhoods: Arana, Artike, Agirre, San Andres, Almike, Arronategi, San Migel, Demiku, Mañu and San Pelaio.
Lee Geum-min
Lee Geum-min (Korean: 이금민, Korean pronunciation: [i.ɡɯm.min] or [i] [kɯm.min]; born 7 April 1994) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Women's Championship club Birmingham City and the South Korea women's national team. She has previously played for Seoul City, Gyeongju KHNP, Manchester City and Brighton & Hove Albion.

2013 AFC U-19 Women's Championship
The AFC U-19 Women's Championship 2013 is the seventh edition of the AFC U-19 Women's Championship. It was played from 11 to 20 October 2013. The top three teams (South Korea, North Korea, and China PR) qualified for the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
Chris Matthew Sciabarra
Chris Matthew Sciabarra (born February 17, 1960) is an American political theorist born and based in Brooklyn, New York. He is the author of three scholarly books—Marx, Hayek, and Utopia; Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical; and Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism—as well as several shorter works. He is also the co-editor, with Mimi Reisel Gladstein, of Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand and co-editor with Roger E. Bissell and Edward W. Younkins of The Dialectics of Liberty: Exploring the Context of Human Freedom. His work has focused on topics including Objectivism, libertarianism (particularly the work of Friedrich Hayek and Murray Rothbard), and dialectics.

Penn State University Press
The Penn State University Press, also known as The Pennsylvania State University Press, is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals. Established in 1956, it is the independent publishing branch of the Pennsylvania State University and is a division of the Penn State University Library system.

Penn State University Press publishes books and journals of interest to scholars and general audiences. As a part of a land-grant university with a mandate to serve the citizens of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, it also specializes in works about Penn State University, Pennsylvania, and the mid-Atlantic region. The areas of scholarship the Press is best known for are art history, medieval studies, Latin American studies, rhetoric and communication, religious studies, and graphic medicine.

The press produces about 80 books a year and over 60 journals. The Press employs 25 to 30 people, and has several internship programs for Penn State students interested in a publishing career.
1983–84 Football League Cup
The 1983–84 Football League Cup (known as the Milk Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 24th season of the Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs. The competition started on 29 August 1983 and ended with the final replay 28 March 1984.

First Division teams Everton and Liverpool contested on 28 March 1984 at Wembley Stadium in London the Final. This was the first final ever to be staged on a Sunday and the first time that the final was broadcast live on British TV. Liverpool beat Everton 1–0 after a replay, to win their fourth consecutive League Cup title.

1984 Football League Cup final
The 1984 Football League Cup final (billed as the Milk Cup Final) was an association football match between Liverpool and Everton.  The initial final was a dour affair in which Liverpool had more chances but Everton saw what seemed a clear-cut penalty claim waved away by the referee when Alan Hansen used his hand to steer Adrian Heath's goal-bound shot off the Liverpool goal line. The replay was equally dour but Liverpool won the game through a first-half Graeme Souness goal at Maine Road. This was Liverpool's fourth consecutive success in the competition and also the third consecutive final in which they had defeated that season's eventual FA Cup winners.
Micky Hazard
Michael Hazard (born 5 February 1960) is an English football coach and former professional footballer.

He played as a central midfielder notably in the top flight for Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea. He also played in the Football League for Portsmouth, and Swindon Town. His second spell with Spurs brought numerous appearances in the Premier League.

Following retirement, he had a brief spell at Crystal Palace and later had a three-year spell as manager of non-league side Hadley.

1986 Full Members' Cup final
The 1986 Full Members' Cup final was a football match which took place at Wembley Stadium on 23 March 1986. It was the final of the inaugural Full Members' Cup, the competition created in the wake of the 1985 ban on English clubs from European competitions following the Heysel disaster. Contested between First Division sides Chelsea and Manchester City, the game produced nine goals, with Chelsea prevailing 5–4. Chelsea had led 5–1 courtesy of David Speedie's hat-trick and a brace by Colin Lee, but Manchester City scored three times in the last five minutes to give them a scare.  Rougvie's own goal, the result of getting in front of City's Lillis, denied Lillis the consolation of having scored the fastest hat trick in Wembley history at that point. Both clubs had played First Division games the previous day; Chelsea a 1–0 victory over Southampton, Manchester City a 2–2 draw with local rivals Manchester United. Ten players from each side featured in both games over the weekend.
Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different "races" or racialized ethnicities.

In the past, such marriages were outlawed in certain U.S. states, Nazi Germany and apartheid-era South Africa as miscegenation (Latin: 'mixing types') — a term which first appeared in Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro, a hoax anti-abolitionist pamphlet published in 1864. Even in 1960, interracial marriage was forbidden by law in 31 U.S. states.

It became legal throughout the United States in 1967, following the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States under Chief Justice Earl Warren in the case Loving v. Virginia, which ruled that race-based restrictions on marriages, such as the anti-miscegenation law in the state of Virginia, violated the Equal Protection Clause (adopted in 1868) of the United States Constitution.

Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.
Helena Olofsdotter
Helena "Elin" Olofsdotter, known as "Sjumans-Elin" ("Seven Men's Elin"), was a Swedish cunning woman or folk healer. She was one of the people accused of witchcraft in the Katarina witch trials during the witch hunt known as the Great noise, which took place in Sweden in 1668–1676.

Witch trials in Sweden
Sweden was a country with few witch trials compared to other countries in Europe.  In Sweden, about four hundred people were executed for witchcraft prior to the last case in 1704. Most of these cases (circa 280) occurred during a short but intense period; the eight years between 1668 and 1676, when the witch hysteria called Det stora oväsendet ("The Great Noise" or "The Great Unrest") took place, causing a large number of witch trials in the country. It is this infamous period of intensive witch hunt that is most well known and explored.
Killing of Janet Moses
On 12 October 2007, 22-year-old Janet Moses died and a 14-year-old female relative was injured during a mākutu lifting (or exorcism) in the Wellington, New Zealand suburb of Wainuiomata. In 2009, nine members of Moses' extended family, all siblings of her mother or their spouses, were charged in relation to the event. One uncle and four aunts were subsequently found guilty of manslaughter.

The mākutu lifting and subsequent trial were notable for bringing mākutu into the public awareness in New Zealand; and the large number of independent people who stepped forward to distance mākutu lifting as they knew it from the events in this case. Unprecedented media attention was paid to mākutu, mākutu lifting and Māori religion.

Kaumātua
A kaumātua is a respected tribal elder in a Māori community who has been involved with their whānau for a number of years. They are appointed by their people who believe the chosen elders have the capacity to teach and guide both current and future generations. Kaumātua have good knowledge of Māori tikanga, language and history; and their contribution ensures that the mana of the whānau, hapū and iwi are maintained. Barlow (1994) refers to kaumātua as being the "keepers of knowledge and traditions of the family, sub-tribe and tribe". Although the term kaumātua is widely used to refer to all elders, male kaumātua are more correctly called koroua or koro, and female elders are called kuia.

The word kaumātua comes from kau, meaning alone, without or none, and mātua, meaning parents; thus, kaumātua literally means "no parents" and reflects how the parents of older generations have passed on.
1962 Targa Florio
The 46° Targa Florio was a motor race which took place on 6 May 1962, on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, Sicily, Italy. Ferraris placed first and second, with a Porsche finishing third. The race was part of the World Sportscar Championship as well as the Grand Touring championship.

Targa Florio
The Targa Florio was a public road endurance automobile race held in the mountains of Sicily near the island's capital of Palermo. Founded in 1906, it was the oldest sports car racing event, part of the World Sportscar Championship between 1955 and 1973. While the first races consisted of a whole tour of the island, the track length in the race's last decades was limited to the 72 km (45 mi) of the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, which was lapped 11 times.

After 1973, it was a national sports car event until it was discontinued in 1977 due to safety concerns. It has since been run as Targa Florio Rally, a rallying event, and is part of the Italian Rally Championship.
Macaria granitata
Macaria granitata, the granite moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Pennsylvania, Maine, New Hampshire, New England, New Jersey, southern Quebec, Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. There are one to two generations per year.

The larvae mainly feed on Pinus rigida in New England. In southern New Jersey they have been recorded on Pinus rigida and other hard pines.

Pinus rigida
Pinus rigida, the pitch pine, is a small-to-medium-sized pine. It is native to eastern North America, primarily from central Maine south to Georgia and as far west as Kentucky. It is found in environments which other species would find unsuitable for growth, such as acidic, sandy, and low-nutrient soils.
Trębowiec Mały
Trębowiec Mały [trɛmˈbɔvjɛt͡s ˈmawɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirzec, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Mirzec, 12 km (7 mi) north of Starachowice, and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Mirzec
Mirzec [ˈmiʐɛt͡s] is a village in Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mirzec. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Starachowice and 42 km (26 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.