hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mudge Passage
Mudge Passage (66°2′S 65°50′W﻿ / ﻿66.033°S 65.833°W﻿ / -66.033; -65.833) is a marine passage running east–west from the vicinity of Prospect Point, Graham Coast, between Beer Island and Dodman Island to the north and Saffery Islands and Trump Islands to the south, to the vicinity of Extension Reef. The passage was navigated and charted by Captain C.R. Elliott in RRS John Biscoe in January 1979. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in association with Harrison Passage and Maskelyne Passage to the northeast, after Thomas Mudge (1715–94), English horologist who made substantial improvements to marine chronometers.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mudge Passage". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Saffery Islands
Saffery Islands (66°4′S 65°49′W﻿ / ﻿66.067°S 65.817°W﻿ / -66.067; -65.817) is a group of islands extending west from Black Head, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. Charted by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for J.H. Saffery, Deputy Leader and Flying Manager of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) which photographed part of the area in 1955–57.
Podandrogyne
Podandrogyne is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae. They are closely related to genus Cleome.

Species include:

Podandrogyne brevipedunculata Cochrane

Podandrogyne caucana

Podandrogyne cernua

Podandrogyne chiriquensis

Podandrogyne chocoensis

Podandrogyne coccinea

Podandrogyne decipiens

Podandrogyne densiflora

Podandrogyne formosa

Podandrogyne glabra

Podandrogyne gracilis

Podandrogyne hispidula

Podandrogyne jamesonii (Briq.) Cochrane

Podandrogyne mathewsii

Podandrogyne trichopus (Benth.) H.H.Iltis & Cochrane

Podandrogyne jamesonii
Podandrogyne jamesonii is a species of plant in the Capparaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Small, bright red flowers. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Kings of Judah
The Kings of Judah were the monarchs who ruled over the ancient Kingdom of Judah, which was formed in about 930 BC, according to the Hebrew Bible, when the United Kingdom of Israel split, with the people of the northern Kingdom of Israel rejecting Rehoboam as their monarch, leaving him as solely the King of Judah.

The capital of the Kingdom of Judah was Jerusalem. All of the kings of Judah lived and died in Judah except for Ahaziah (who died at Megiddo in Israel), Jehoahaz (who died a prisoner in Egypt) and Jeconiah and Zedekiah who were deported as part of the Babylonian captivity.

Judah was conquered in 587 or 586 BC, by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuzaradan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard. With the death or deportation of most of the population and the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, the Kingdom of Judah was dissolved.

Jehoram of Judah
Jehoram of Judah (Hebrew: יְהֹורָם, romanized: Yəhōrām, transl. "Yahweh is exalted") or Joram (Hebrew: יוֹרָם, romanized: Yōrām; Greek: Ἰωράμ, romanized: Ioram; Latin: Joram or Ioram), was the fifth king of Judah, and the son of king Jehoshaphat. Jehoram rose to the throne at the age of 32 and reigned for 8 years (2 Kings 8:17, 2 Chronicles 21:20), although he was ill during his last two years (2 Chronicles 21:18–19).
Fort at Door Village
The Fort at Door Village was one of the hastily built forts erected by settlers after the onset of the 1832 Black Hawk War.

In 1832, white residents of LaPorte County, Indiana, constructed a stockade fort near Joliet Road between Door Village and the city of LaPorte. The fort arose to defend against an attack from Black Hawk. They feared that Black Hawk's band was raiding and murdering innocent white settlers and headed to LaPorte County. However, there was no attack planned or threatened. The fort's construction was based on misinformation and fear based on negative stereotypes of Native Americans.

La Porte, Indiana
La Porte (from French 'the door') is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States, of which it is the county seat. Its population was estimated to be 21,341 in 2022. It is one of the two principal cities of the Michigan City-La Porte, Indiana metropolitan statistical area, which is included in the Chicago–Naperville–Michigan City, Illinois–Indiana–Wisconsin combined statistical area.

La Porte is located in northwest Indiana, east of Gary, and west of South Bend. It was first settled by European Americans in 1832.  The city is twinned with Grangemouth in Scotland.
Salting (food)
Salting is the preservation of food with dry edible salt. It is related to pickling in general and more specifically to brining, also known as fermenting (preparing food with brine, that is, salty water), and is one form of curing. It is one of the oldest methods of preserving food, and two historically significant salt-cured foods are salted fish (usually dried and salted cod or salted herring) and salt-cured meat (such as bacon).  Vegetables such as runner beans and cabbage are also often preserved in this manner.

Salting is used because most bacteria, fungi and other potentially pathogenic organisms cannot survive in a highly salty environment, due to the hypertonic nature of salt.  Any living cell in such an environment will become dehydrated through osmosis and die or become temporarily inactivated. Fine grained salts were more expensive but also absorbed moisture faster than coarse salt.

Kipper
A kipper is a whole herring (a small, oily fish) that has been split in a butterfly fashion from tail to head along the dorsal ridge, gutted, salted or pickled, and cold-smoked over smouldering wood chips (typically oak).

In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some regions of North America, kippers are most commonly eaten for breakfast. In the United Kingdom, kippers, along with other preserved smoked or salted fish such as the bloater and buckling, were also once commonly enjoyed as a high tea or supper treat, most popularly with inland and urban working-class populations before World War II.
Yokohama Municipal Subway
Yokohama Municipal Subway (横浜市営地下鉄, Yokohama-shiei chikatetsu) is a rapid transit system that serves Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and is operated by the Yokohama City Transportation Bureau.

The network consists of two routes, the Blue Line and the Green Line which together extend for approximately 53.4 kilometres and include 42 stations.

Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Kawasaki, officially Kawasaki City, is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, one of the main cities of the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area. It is the second most populated city in Kanagawa Prefecture after Yokohama, and the eighth most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area).

As of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is 142.70 km2 (55.10 sq mi).
2014 Grand Prix of Indianapolis
The 2014 Grand Prix of Indianapolis, the inaugural running of the event, was an IndyCar Series race held on May 10, 2014, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The fourth round of the 2014 IndyCar Series season, it was won by Simon Pagenaud of Schmidt Peterson Hamilton Motorsports.

2014 IndyCar Series
The 2014 Verizon IndyCar Series was the 19th season of the IndyCar Series and the 103rd season of American open wheel racing. Its premier event was the 98th Indianapolis 500, held on Sunday, May 25. Scott Dixon entered the season as the defending IndyCar Champion, while Chevrolet entered as the reigning Manufacturers' champion.

The 2014 season featured eleven different winners, tying a record previously set in 2000 and 2001. Heading into the final race of the season, Will Power led Hélio Castroneves by 51 points. In a race in which Ryan Hunter-Reay's spin produced the only yellow flag, Power finished ninth, while Castroneves – who was penalized for a pit entry violation – finished fourteenth. As a result, Power clinched his first series title by 62 points, and the first drivers' title for Team Penske since Sam Hornish Jr. in 2006. In the manufacturers championship, Chevrolet successfully defended their title ahead of Honda.
Abegweit First Nation
Abegweit First Nation is a First Nations government located on Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Originally part of Lennox Island First Nation, its headquarters is at Scotchfort, known as Skaqmk. This is the location of a historic Míkmaq portage route connecting Mimtugaak (on the Hillsborough River) to Kadotpichk (on Savage Harbour). This First Nation comprises three reserves: Morell 2, Rocky Point 3 and Scotchfort 4.

Mi'kmaq language
Miꞌkmaq (/ˈmɪɡmɑː/ MIG-mah; Mi'kmaq: [miːɡmax]) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 11,000 Miꞌkmaq in Canada and the United States; the total ethnic Miꞌkmaq population is roughly 20,000.

The native name of the language is Lnuismk, Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk or Miꞌkmwei (in some dialects). The word Miꞌkmaq is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular miꞌkm); the adjectival form is Miꞌkmaw.
Miꞌkmaq has historically been spelled and pronounced Micmac /ˈmɪkmæk/ in English. Contemporary spellings include Migmaw and Mikmaw in English, and Míkmaq, Míkmaw and Mìgmao in Miꞌkmaq.
Akebia
Akebia is a genus of five species of flowering plant, within the family Lardizabalaceae.

Akebia quinata is the most well known species as a minor invader in the majority of the American East Coast and some states in the West Coast.

Lardizabalaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants.

The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudicots.

The family consist of 7 genera with about 40 known species of woody plants. All are lianas, save Decaisnea, which are pachycaul shrubs. The leaves are alternate, and compound (usually palmate), with pulvinate leaflets. The flowers are often in drooping racemes.

They are found in eastern Asia, from the Himalayas to Japan, with the exception of the genera Lardizabala and Boquila, both native to southern South America (Chile, and Boquila also in adjacent western Argentina). The extinct genus Kajanthus is known from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal.
Sonny James
James Hugh Loden (May 1, 1928 – February 22, 2016), known professionally as Sonny James, was an American country music singer and songwriter best known for his 1957 hit, "Young Love", topping both the Billboard Hot Country and  Disk Jockey singles charts. Dubbed the "Southern Gentleman" for his congenial manner, his greatest success came from ballads about the trials of love. James had 72 country and pop charted releases from 1953 to 1983, including an unprecedented five-year streak of 16 straight Billboard Hot Country number-one singles among his 26 Billboard Hot Country number-one hits. From 1964 to 1976, James placed 21 of his albums in the top 10 of Billboard Top Country Albums. James was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1961 and co-hosted the first Country Music Association Awards show in 1967. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2007.

The Ed Sullivan Show
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to March 28, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.

In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked No. 15 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No. 31 in TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time.
The Circus of Life (1917 film)
The Circus of Life is a 1917 American silent drama directed by Rupert Julian and Elsie Jane Wilson based on the story by Rupert Julian. The film stars Elsie Jane Wilson. The photoplay produced by the Butterfly Company and released on June 4, 1917, by Universal Pictures.

Rupert Julian
Rupert Julian (born Thomas Percival Hayes; 25 January 1879 – 27 December 1943) was a New Zealand cinema actor, director, writer and producer. During his career, Julian directed 60 films and acted in over 90 films. He is best remembered for directing Lon Chaney in The Phantom of the Opera (1925). He also directed The Cat Creeps (1930), a sound remake of The Cat and the Canary (1927), which is now considered a lost film, with only two minutes of footage remaining in the 1932 Universal comedy short film Boo!.
Sarab-e Nargesi
Sarab-e Nargesi (Persian: سراب نرگسي, also Romanized as Sarāb-e Nargesī) is a village in Tolbozan Rural District, Golgir District, Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 17 families.

Tolbozan Rural District
Tolbozan Rural District (Persian: دهستان تل بزان) is in Golgir District of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qasemabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rezaabad.
Halostachine
Halostachine (also known as N-methylphenylethanolamine) is a natural product, an alkaloid first isolated from the Asian shrub Halostachys caspica (synonym Halostachys belangeriana), and structurally a β-hydroxy-phenethylamine (a phenylethanolamine) related to its better-known "parent" biogenic amine, phenylethanolamine, to the adrenergic drug synephrine, and to the alkaloid ephedrine. The pharmacological properties of halostachine have some similarity to those of these structurally-related compounds, and Halostachys caspica extracts have been included as a constituent of certain OTC dietary supplements, but halostachine has never been developed as a prescription drug. Although it is found in nature as a single stereoisomer, halostachine is more commonly available as a synthetic product in the form of its racemate (see below). In appearance it is a colorless solid.

Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.

Many cells have these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The SNS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by experiences such as exercise or fear-causing situations. This response dilates pupils, increases heart rate, mobilizes energy, and diverts blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. These effects together tend to increase physical performance momentarily.
Wellawaya Electoral District
Wellawaya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Wellawaya in Monaragala District, Uva Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Wellawaya electoral district was replaced by the Monaragala multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Monaragala Electoral District
Monaragala electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Monaragala in the Uva province. The district currently elects 5 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 300,642 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 20.
David Graham (golfer)
Anthony David Graham, AM (born 23 May 1946) is an Australian golfer. Graham turned pro as a teenager and had much success on the Australasian circuits in his youth, winning several tournaments. In 1972, he joined the PGA Tour where he continued with good play, winning several tournaments. This culminated with major tournament wins at the 1979 PGA Championship and 1981 U.S. Open. As a senior, Graham won five times on the Senior PGA Tour.

1971 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1971 World Cup took place November 11–14 at PGA National Golf Club (now BallenIsles Country Club, East Course) in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. It was the 19th World Cup event. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 46 teams, which was a record high number of participants. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The United States team of Jack Nicklaus and Lee Trevino won by eight strokes over the South Africa team of Harold Henning and Gary Player. The individual competition was won by Nicklaus seven strokes ahead of Player. This was the 11th team victory for the United States in the history of the World Cup, founded in 1953 and until 1967 named the Canada Cup.
1992–93 London Crusaders season
The 1992–93 London Crusaders season was the thirteenth in the club's history. It was their second season under the name of the London Crusaders, after over a decade under the Fulham RLFC name. They competed in the 1992–93 Second Division of the Rugby Football League. They also competed in the 1993 Challenge Cup, 1992–93 Lancashire Cup and the 1992–93 League Cup. They finished the season in 5th place in the second tier of British professional rugby league.

1992–93 Rugby Football League season
The 1992–93 Rugby Football League season was the 98th ever season of professional rugby league football in Britain. Sixteen teams competed from August, 1992 until May, 1993 for the Stones Bitter Championship, Premiership Trophy and Silk Cut Challenge Cup.
Enrique José Varona
Enrique José Varona (April 13, 1848, Puerto Principe, Cuba – November 13, 1933, Havana) was a Cuban author.

He was educated in Puerto Principe, and began his literary career in 1864 as a contributor to reviews. In 1874, he moved to Havana, dividing his time between teaching and journalism. In 1885 he was elected representative for Puerto Principe in the Cortes in Madrid. In 1885 he founded the Revista Cubana, a literary, scientific, and philosophical review.

During the US Military Occupation of Cuba, Varona was appointed Minister of Finance, and later as Minister of Public Instruction. He was elected in 1912 as Vice President of Cuba under President Mario García Menocal. Varona retired to a private academic and literary life in 1917.

Mario García Menocal
Aurelio Mario Gabriel Francisco García Menocal y Deop (December 17, 1866 – September 7, 1941) was the 3rd President of Cuba, serving from 1913 to 1921.  His term as president saw Cuba's participation in the Allies in World War I.
Henry Post Army Airfield
Henry Post Army Airfield (IATA: FSI, ICAO: KFSI, FAA LID: FSI) is a military use airport located at Fort Sill in Comanche County, Oklahoma, United States. This military airport is owned by United States Army.  Established as Post Field in 1917, it was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917.

Curtiss JN Jenny
The Curtiss JN "Jenny" is a series of biplanes built by the Glenn  Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York, later the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. Although the Curtiss JN series was originally produced as a training aircraft for the US Army, the "Jenny" (the common nickname derived from "JN") continued after World War I as a civilian aircraft, becoming the "backbone of American postwar [civil] aviation".

Thousands of surplus Jennys were sold at bargain prices to private owners in the years after the war, and became central to the barnstorming era that helped awaken the US to civil aviation through much of the 1920s.
Daton Fix
Daton Duain Fix (born March 11, 1998) is an American freestyle and former folkstyle wrestler who competes at 61 kilograms. In freestyle, Fix is most notably a World Championship runner-up and U20 World champion, a Pan American Games gold medalist and a US National champion.

In folkstyle, Fix was a four-time NCAA Division I National runner-up, five-time NCAA All-American and a five-time Big 12 Conference champion for the Oklahoma State Cowboys.

2021 World Wrestling Championships
The 2021 World Wrestling Championships was the 17th edition of the World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held from 2 to 10 October 2021 in Oslo, Norway.

The event was subsequent to the 2019 World Championships due to the cancelation of the 2020 edition during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2020 Individual World Cup was held as replacement for the World Wrestling Championships.
Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Southeastern Europe. Situated in the western Balkans, it has a 932 km (579 mi) border with Croatia to the north and southwest, a 357 km (222 mi) border with Serbia to the east, and a 249 km (155 mi) border with Montenegro to the southeast. It borders the Adriatic Sea along its 24 km (15 mi) coastline.

The most striking features of the local terrain are valleys and mountains which measure up to 2,386 m (7,828 ft) in height. The country is mostly mountainous, encompassing the central Dinaric Alps. The northeastern parts reach into the Pannonian basin, while in the south it borders the Adriatic Sea.

The country's natural resources include coal, iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber and hydropower.

Kozara National Park
Kozara National Park (Serbo-Croatian: Национални парк Козара, Nacionalni park Kozara) is a national park in Bosnia and Herzegovina that was proclaimed a protected national forest in 1967 by Josip Broz Tito. It is situated between the rivers Una, Sava, Sana and Vrbas, in the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Kozara Marathon, also known as Kozara Ultra Trail is held in the Kozara National Park. The park is also the site for Kozara Grand Prix, a mountain bike race that takes place in the wilderness of the park. The race is part of the Union Cycliste Internationale calendar.

A smaller part of the park is designated for nature lovers. Walking, hiking, biking and herb picking are among the many activities in Kozara.
Arrondissements of the Saône-et-Loire department
The 5 arrondissements of the Saône-et-Loire department are:

Arrondissement of Autun, (subprefecture: Autun) with 89 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 125,896 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Chalon-sur-Saône, (subprefecture: Chalon-sur-Saône) with 142 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 155,905 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Charolles, (subprefecture: Charolles) with 126 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 85,124 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Louhans, (subprefecture: Louhans) with 88 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 67,238 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Mâcon, (prefecture of the Saône-et-Loire department: Mâcon) with 119 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 115,125 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Mâcon
The arrondissement of Mâcon is an arrondissement in the department of Saône-et-Loire, in the French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It has 119 communes. Its population is 115,125 (2021), and its area is 1,221.9 km2 (471.8 sq mi).