hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Langford and Ulting railway station
Langford and Ulting railway station served the village of Langford, Essex. It was opened in 1848 by the Maldon, Witham & Braintree Railway (MWBR) on a branch line from Witham to Maldon East and Heybridge.

It was originally named Langford but was renamed Langford and Ulting in 1923. The station was 4 miles 38 chains (7.20 km) from Witham.

The line and station closed to passenger services in 1964 as part of the Beeching closures.

Witham railway station
Witham railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML) in the East of England, serving the town of Witham, Essex. It is situated about half a mile (1 km) from the north of the town centre and is 38 miles 48 chains (62.1 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street. On the GEML, Witham is situated between Hatfield Peverel to the west and Kelvedon to the east. It is the junction for the Braintree Branch Line to the north-west, which opened in 1848; between 1848 and 1964, it was also the junction for a south-east-facing branch line to Maldon. Its three-letter station code is WTM.

The station was opened in 1843 by the Eastern Counties Railway. It is currently operated by Greater Anglia, who also operate all trains serving it, as part of the East Anglia franchise.
Petrichor
Petrichor (/ˈpɛtrɪkɔːr/ PET-rih-kor) is the earthy scent produced when rain falls on dry soil. The word was coined in 1964 by scientists Isabel Joy Bear and  Richard Grenfell Thomas, from Ancient Greek  πέτρα (pétra) 'rock'  or πέτρος (pétros) 'stone' and  ἰχώρ (ikhṓr) 'ichor', the ethereal fluid that is the blood of the gods in Greek mythology.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Gangarampur B.Ed College
Gangarampur B.Ed College is a Bachelor of Education college in Kaldighi, Gangarampur in the Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. The college is affiliated to the University of Gour Banga and approved by National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) offering Bachelor of Education courses. Its current president is Dr. Towhid-e-Aman.

Bachelor of Education
A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed. or BEd) is an undergraduate academic degree which prepares students for work as a teacher in schools. A Bachelor of Education program typically lasts three to four years and combines both coursework and practical experience in educational settings. The curriculum is designed to provide foundational knowledge in pedagogy, educational psychology, teaching methodologies, and subject-specific training. Graduates of this program are equipped with the skills necessary to foster a supportive and effective learning environment for their students.
Meiron
Meiron (Arabic: ميرون, romanized: Mayrūn; Hebrew: מירון הקדומה, romanized: Merón haKdumá) was a Palestinian village, located 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) west of Safad. Associated with the ancient Canaanite city of Merom, excavations at the site have found extensive remains from the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. The remains include a 3rd-century synagogue, attesting to Meiron's prominence as a local religious centre.

From the 13th century CE onward, Meiron was a popular site for Jewish pilgrims. During Ottoman rule in Palestine, the population fluctuated considerably, with at least two-thirds of the population being Arab Muslims although landownership was split almost evenly between Arabs and Jews. The village was depopulated in two phases during the 1948 Arab–Israeli war. In 1949, demobilized soldiers founded the moshav of Meron in the region.

Hillel the Elder
Hillel (Hebrew: הִלֵּל Hīllēl; variously called Hillel the Elder or Hillel the Babylonian; died c. 10 CE) was a Jewish religious leader, sage and scholar associated with the development of the Mishnah and the Talmud and the founder of the House of Hillel school of tannaim. He was active during the end of the first century BCE and the beginning of the first century CE.

Hillel is popularly known as the author of three maxims:

"If I am not for myself, who will be for me? If I am only for myself, what am I?  And if not now, when?"

"That which is hateful to you, do not do unto your fellow. That is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn."

"Be of the disciples of Aaron, loving peace and pursuing peace, loving mankind and drawing them close to the Torah."
André Rogerie
André Rogerie (25 December 1921 – May 2014) was a member of the French Resistance in World War II and survivor of seven Nazi concentration camps who testified after the war about what he had seen in the camps.

Rogerie was born in Villefagnan in the Charente department of south-western France. His trajectory was "typical of the complexity of the movement of deportees among the camps." His eyewitness account of Auschwitz-Birkenau exemplifies the self-published eyewitness accounts published in the immediate aftermath of the war, but ignored until the 1980s.  He is also notable for having produced the oldest contemporary sketch of a camp crematorium, also ignored by historians for decades until the 1987 publication of Le Monde juif by Georges Wellers.

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (lit. 'Special Military School of Saint-Cyr', abbr. ESM), often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is a French military academy. It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.

French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers.

The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coëtquidan military camp in Morbihan.

France's other senior military institutes are the École de guerre and the École de guerre - Terre, located in the École militaire complex, in Paris.
Baudouin, Prince of Ligne
Baudouin de Ligne, 12th Prince of Ligne, GE (Baudouin Marie Lamoral de Ligne, Prince de Ligne et du Saint-Empire, Prince d'Amblise et d'Epinoy, Grand d'Espagne; 1918–1985) was the head of the princely House of Ligne.

Prince Baudouin was the elder son of Eugène II, 11th prince de Ligne, and his wife, Philippine de Noailles. He had a younger brother, Antoine, and two sisters (Isabelle and Yolande).

Upon the death of his father, he became the head of one of the most prestigious Belgian noble families. Following his death in 1985 without descent, his brother Antoine succeeded him as 13th Prince of Ligne and of the Holy Roman Empire.

House of Ligne
The House of Ligne is one of the oldest Belgian noble families, dating back to the eleventh century. The family's name comes from the village of Ligne where it originated, between Ath and Tournai in what is now the Hainaut province of Belgium.
Siege of Muscat (1650)
The siege of Muscat occurred in 1650, when an Omani army under Sultan bin Saif attacked the Portuguese fort of Muscat and captured the town from the Portuguese, ending the long Portuguese occupation of Muscat.

Portuguese Oman
Portuguese Oman refers to the period during which the northern coastal cities of Oman were under Portuguese rule, between 1507 and 1656.

The coastal region was conquered by Portuguese forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque in 1507, and remained under Portuguese control until they were expelled by the Ya'rubids.
Fokker D.IX
The Fokker D.IX was a Dutch single seat, single engine fighter aircraft, the final, more powerful evolution of the Fokker D.VII World War I success, flown in 1921. The sole example was purchased by the US Army Air Service but not developed further.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
Tozeuma
Tozeuma is a genus of caridean prawns in the cleaner shrimp family Hippolytidae. The genus has a global distribution in temperate and tropical marine and estuarine environments.

The World Register of Marine Species lists 11 species in the genus Tozeuma:

Tozeuma armatum Paulson, 1875

Tozeuma carolinense Kingsley, 1878

Tozeuma cornutum A. Milne-Edwards, 1881

Tozeuma elongata Baker, 1904

Tozeuma erythraeum Nobili, 1904

Tozeuma kimberi Baker, 1904

Tozeuma lanceolatum Stimpson, 1860

Tozeuma novaezealandiae Borradaile, 1916

Tozeuma pavoninum Spence Bate, 1864

Tozeuma serratum A. Milne-Edwards, 1881

Tozeuma tomentosum Baker, 1904

Hippolytidae
Hippolytidae is a family of cleaner shrimp, also known as broken-back shrimp or anemone shrimp. The term "broken-back shrimp" also applies to the genus Hippolyte in particular and "cleaner shrimp" is sometimes applied exclusively to Lysmata amboinensis.
East Division (AFL)
The East Division was a division of the Arena Football League's American Conference. It was first formed in 1995 as part of the National Conference when expansion led to the creation of divisions.

Since the division's enfranchisement in 1995, as the Eastern Division of the National Conference, the division sent representatives to five ArenaBowls (most recently the Philadelphia Soul in 2013's ArenaBowl XXVI), with two wins (most recently the Philadelphia Soul in 2008's ArenaBowl XXII).

Columbus Destroyers
The Columbus Destroyers were an Arena Football League (AFL) team based in Columbus, Ohio, with home games in Nationwide Arena. The team was founded in 1999 as the Buffalo Destroyers, based in Buffalo, New York, and relocated to Columbus in 2004. They folded along with the original incarnation of the AFL following the 2008 season, after a total of ten seasons of play.

On February 7, 2019, the AFL announced that it had placed an expansion team in Columbus and once again play at Nationwide Arena. The league announced on February 22, 2019, that the team as a re-launch of the Destroyers and revealed the new logo and Matthew Sauk as the head coach.

After the 2019 season, the AFL announced that they had suspended local business operations including the Destroyers, but were looking into become a traveling league. A month later, on November 27, 2019, the league announced that they had filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and were ceasing operations.
Verbum dicendi
A verbum dicendi (Latin for "word of speaking" or "verb of speaking"), also called verb of utterance, is a word that expresses speech or introduces a quotation. English examples of verbs of speaking include say, utter, ask and rumble. Because a verbum dicendi often introduces a quotation, it may grammaticalize into a quotative.

The plural of verbum dicendi is verba dicendi.

Complementizer
In linguistics (especially generative grammar), a complementizer or complementiser (glossing abbreviation: comp) is a functional category (part of speech) that includes those words that can be used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence. For example, the word that may be called a complementizer in English sentences like Mary believes that it is raining. The concept of complementizers is specific to certain modern grammatical theories. In traditional grammar, such words are normally considered conjunctions. The standard abbreviation for complementizer is C.
Epostane
Epostane (INN, USAN, BAN) (developmental code name WIN-32729) is an inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) that was developed as a contraceptive, abortifacient, and oxytocic drug but was never marketed. By inhibiting 3β-HSD, epostane blocks the biosynthesis of progesterone from pregnenolone (and also the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione), thereby functioning as an antiprogestogen and terminating pregnancy. The drug was trialed and in a study was found to be slightly more effective at inducing abortion relative to mifepristone.

Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor. It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans. DHEA is produced in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain. It functions as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the androgen and estrogen sex steroids both in the gonads and in various other tissues. However, DHEA also has a variety of potential biological effects in its own right, binding to an array of nuclear and cell surface receptors, and acting as a neurosteroid and modulator of neurotrophic factor receptors.

In the United States, DHEA is sold as an over-the-counter supplement, and medication called prasterone.
2000 Conference USA baseball tournament
The 2000 Conference USA baseball tournament was the 2000 postseason baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Conference USA, held at Florida Power Park in St. Petersburg, Florida, from May 17 through 21. Houston defeated Cincinnati in the championship game, earning the conference's automatic bid to the 2000 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

The tournament's format was changed slightly from the format used from 1996 to 1999. The play-in round that had been used to determine which of the lowest seeds would participate in the eight-team bracket was eliminated. Instead, only the top eight of the conference's ten teams in the regular season qualified for the tournament. The loss of the play-in round shortened the tournament from six to five days.

1996 Conference USA baseball tournament
The 1996 Conference USA baseball tournament was the 1996 postseason college baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Conference USA, held at Pete Taylor Park in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, from May 14 through 19.  Tulane won the tournament and received Conference USA's automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  The tournament consisted of nine teams with a play-in game, two double-elimination brackets, and a single-game final.
George W. Harris
George W. Harris (March 6, 1835 – January 30, 1921) was a United States soldier who fought with the Union Army during the American Civil War as a private with Company B of the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry, a regiment which "was present in every battle of the Army of the Potomac from Chancellorsville to the surrender at Appomattox and was in the hottest fighting of all of them except the Wilderness".

On December 1, 1864, he received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for capturing the enemy's flag while engaged in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 12, 1864.

Centre County, Pennsylvania
Centre County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,172. Its county seat is Bellefonte.  Centre County is composed of the State College, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.
Sewa Bay language
Sewa Bay, or Duau Pwata, is a dialectically diverse Austronesian language spoken in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands of Papua New Guinea. Its dialects are Miadeba, Bwakera, Maiabare, Darubia, Sewataitai, Sibonai and Central Sewa Bay. It is spoken in Milne Bay province: center of Normanby island, Sewa Bay area.

D'Entrecasteaux Islands
D'Entrecasteaux Islands /ˌdɒntrəˈkæstoʊ/ (French: [dɑ̃tʁəkasto]) are situated near the eastern tip of New Guinea in the Solomon Sea in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The group spans a distance of 160 km (99 mi), has a total land area of approximately 3,100 km2 (1,197 sq mi) and is separated from the Papua New Guinea mainland by the 30 km (19 mi) wide Ward Hunt Strait in the north and the 18 km (11 mi) wide Goschen Strait in the south. D'Entrecasteaux Islands show signs of volcanism.
Świerków
Świerków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɕfjɛrkuf]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radków, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Radków, 22 km (14 mi) south of Włoszczowa, and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Radków, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Radków [ˈratkuf] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Radków. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) south of Włoszczowa and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Salmin Amour
Salmin Amour (born 1942) is a Tanzanian politician who served as President of Zanzibar from 25 October 1990 to 8 November 2000. He was elected in 1990 as the sole candidate and received 98 percent of the votes. In Tanzania's first multi-party elections in 1995, Amour was accused of rigging the Zanzibari presidential election by opposition leader Seif Shariff Hamad.

President of Zanzibar
The president of Zanzibar (Swahili: Rais wa Zanzibar) is the head of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, which is a semi-autonomous government within Tanzania. The current president is Hussein Mwinyi. The president is also the chairman of the Revolutionary Council, whose members are appointed by the president, and some of which must be selected from the House of Representatives.

The president is elected by a plurality. Presidential terms are for five years, and a candidate may be re-elected only once.

Following the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964, Abeid Karume became the first president of Zanzibar, as leader of the Afro-Shirazi Party.
Tübatulabal
The Tübatulabal are an indigenous people of Kern River Valley in the Sierra Nevada range of California. They may have been the first people to make this area their permanent home. Today many of them are enrolled in the Tule River Indian Tribe. They are descendants of the people of the Uto-Aztecan language group, separating from Shoshone people about 3000 years ago.

Pine nut
Pine nuts, also called piñón (Spanish: [piˈɲon]), pinoli (Italian: [piˈnɔːli]), or pignoli, are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, only 29 species provide edible nuts, while 20 are traded locally or internationally owing to their seed size being large enough to be worth harvesting; in other pines, the seeds are also edible but are too small to be of notable value as human food. The biggest exporters of pine nuts are China, Russia, North Korea, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

As pines are gymnosperms, not angiosperms (flowering plants), pine nuts are not "true nuts"; they are not botanical fruits, the seed not being enclosed in an ovary which develops into the fruit, but simply bare seeds—"gymnosperm" meaning literally "naked seed" (from Ancient Greek: γυμνός, romanized: gymnos, lit. 'naked' and σπέρμα, sperma, 'seed'). The similarity of pine nuts to some angiosperm fruits is an example of convergent evolution.
Park Aleksandrov
Park Aleksandrov (Serbian: Парк Александров) is a park in Belgrade, a capital of Serbia. It is situated in the sole center of the city, along the main Kralja Milana street. Named Devojački Park until 2017, it is located in the municipality of Stari Grad.

Stari Grad, Belgrade
Stari Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Град, pronounced [stâːriː ɡrâːd]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. It encompasses some of the oldest sections of urban Belgrade, thus the name (‘’stari grad’’, Serbian for “old city”). Stari Grad is one of the three municipalities that occupy the very center of Belgrade, together with Savski Venac and Vračar.
Northern Air Cargo
Northern Air Cargo (NAC) is an American cargo airline based in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. NAC operates a small fleet of Boeing 737 freighter aircraft within the state of Alaska and formerly widebody Boeing 767 freighter services throughout the Caribbean and South America. Other services include aircraft maintenance services through its subsidiary, Northern Air Maintenance Services, on-demand charters, and consolidation of cargo. With a main base at the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, NAC is a division of Saltchuk, which is the corporate parent of a number of transportation and distribution companies, including Aloha Air Cargo, a cargo airline based in Hawaii.

Ralph Wien Memorial Airport
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport (IATA: OTZ, ICAO: PAOT, FAA LID: OTZ) is a state-owned public-use airport located on the south side of Kotzebue, a city on the Baldwin Peninsula in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.
Suheli River
The Suheli River forms the southern boundary of the Dudhwa National Park and is considered the park's "life line". It is a major river of the park, which is considered one of the last areas of productive Terai ecosystems in India.

The Suheli, along with the Sharda and Mohana drain into the Ghagra River system.

South Asian river dolphins possibly occur near the confluence of the Suheli with the Ghagha (Ghaghara), but there have been no surveys to confirm this.

Ghaghara
The Ghaghara River, also known as the Karnali River in Nepal, Mapcha Tsangpo in Tibet, and as the Sarayu River in the lower Ghaghara of India's Awadh, is a perennial trans-boundary river that originates in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the Tibetan Plateau, cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India. Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges. With a length of 507 km (315 mi), it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of the Ghaghara up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in Bihar is 1,080 km (670 mi). It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second largest by length after Yamuna.
Lectures on Theoretical Physics
Lectures on Theoretical Physics is a six-volume series of physics textbooks translated from Arnold Sommerfeld's classic German texts Vorlesungen über Theoretische Physik. The series includes the volumes Mechanics, Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, Electrodynamics, Optics, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, and Partial Differential Equations in Physics. Focusing on one subject each semester, the lectures formed a three-year cycle of courses that Sommerfeld repeatedly taught at LMU Munich for over thirty years. Sommerfeld's lectures were famous and he was held to be one of the greatest physics lecturers of his time.

Edward Ramberg
Edward Granville Ramberg (June 14, 1907  – January 9, 1995) was an American physicist who contributed to the early development of electron microscopy and color television.  He was the uncle of Mario Capecchi, a 2007 Nobel laureate.