hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English relative clauses
Relative clauses in the English language are formed principally by means of relative words. The basic relative pronouns are who, which, and that; who also has the derived forms whom and whose. Various grammatical rules and style guides determine which relative pronouns may be suitable in various situations, especially for formal settings. In some cases the relative pronoun may be omitted and merely implied ("This is the man [that] I saw", or "This is the putter he wins with").

English also uses free relative clauses, which have no antecedent and can be formed with the pronouns such as what ("I like what you've done"), and who and whoever.

Modern guides to English say that the relative pronoun should take the case (subject or object) which is appropriate to the relative clause, not the function performed by that clause within an external clause.

English relative words
The English relative words are words in English used to mark a clause, noun phrase or preposition phrase as relative. The central relative words in English include who, whom, whose, which, why, and while, as shown in the following examples, each of which has the relative clause in bold:

We should celebrate the things which we hold dear.

I've been studying hard, which explains my good grades.

I finally met Jordan, who had been away.

That's the reason why it works.

Most also belong to the set of English interrogative words but function differently as relative words.

The subordinator that is widely regarded as a relative word, though one with different properties from the others.
2023 West Texas A&M Buffaloes football team
The 2023 West Texas A&M Buffaloes football team represented West Texas A&M University (WT) during the 2023 NCAA Division II football season as a member of the Lone Star Conference. Led by first-year head coach Josh Lynn, the Buffaloes played their home games at Bain–Schaeffer Buffalo Stadium in Canyon, Texas.

Bain–Schaeffer Buffalo Stadium
Bain–Schaeffer Buffalo Stadium is an American college football stadium located in Canyon, Texas. Located on the campus of West Texas A&M University, the stadium is the home venue for the West Texas A&M Buffaloes football program. The stadium has a seating capacity of 8,500 and with overflow capacity can go up to 12,000.
Monticello Dam
Monticello Dam is a 304-foot (93 m) high concrete arch dam in Napa County, California, United States, constructed between 1953 and 1957. The dam impounded Putah Creek to create Lake Berryessa in the Vaca Mountains.

Lake Berryessa is currently the seventh-largest man-made lake in California. Water from the reservoir primarily supplies agriculture in the Sacramento Valley downstream. The dam is noted for its classic, uncontrolled morning-glory-type spillway. The diameter at the lip is 72 ft (22 m).

To the south is Putah Creek State Wildlife Area.

Yolo County, California
Yolo County (/ˈjoʊloʊ/ ⓘ; Wintun: Yo-loy), officially the County of Yolo, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Yolo County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. As of the 2020 census, its population was 216,403. Its county seat is Woodland. Yolo County is included in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area  in the Sacramento Valley.
Mt. Vernon station (Light RailLink)
Mt. Vernon station (formerly Centre Street station) is a Baltimore Light RailLink station in the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

The Mount Vernon stop is located near the Walters Art Museum, and a former Greyhound Bus terminal.

Baltimore Light RailLink
The Baltimore Light RailLink (formerly Baltimore Light Rail, also known simply as the "Light Rail") is a light rail system serving Baltimore, Maryland, United States, and its northern and southern suburbs. It is operated by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA Maryland).

In downtown Baltimore, it uses street-embedded tracks. Outside the central portions of the city, the line is located on private rights-of-way, mostly from the defunct Northern Central Railway, Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad and Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway. The system had a ridership of 5,015,100, or about 14,500 per weekday, as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Tectonic uplift
Tectonic uplift is the geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics. While isostatic response is important, an increase in the mean elevation of a region can only occur in response to tectonic processes of crustal thickening (such as mountain building events), changes in the density distribution of the crust and underlying mantle, and flexural support due to the bending of rigid lithosphere.

Tectonic uplift results in denudation (processes that wear away the earth's surface) by raising buried rocks closer to the surface. This process can redistribute large loads from an elevated region to a topographically lower area as well – thus promoting an isostatic response in the region of denudation (which can cause local bedrock uplift). The timing, magnitude, and rate of denudation can be estimated by geologists using pressure-temperature studies.

Mountain formation
Mountain formation occurs due to a variety of geological processes associated with large-scale movements of Earth's crust (tectonic plates). Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain building. The formation of mountains is not necessarily related to the geological structures found on it.

From the late 18th century until its replacement by plate tectonics in the 1960s, geosyncline theory was used to explain much mountain-building. The understanding of specific landscape features in terms of the underlying tectonic processes is called tectonic geomorphology, and the study of geologically young or ongoing processes is called neotectonics.
Oxalate sulfate
Oxalate sulfates are mixed anion compounds containing oxalate and sulfate. They are mostly transparent, and any colour comes from the cations.

Related compounds include the sulfite oxalates and oxalate selenates.

Mixed-anion compounds
Mixed-anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed-anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture.
Little Red Schoolhouse (Farmington, Maine)
The Little Red Schoolhouse, also known as Briggs Schoolhouse, is a historic schoolhouse in Farmington, Maine.  The one-room wood-frame schoolhouse was built in 1852, and originally stood on the Wilton Road (Maine State Route 4) at Red Schoolhouse Road.  It served Farmington as the Briggs District school until 1958, and is one of the community's few surviving district school buildings.  It was then used as a space for special needs students before being finally closed in 1969.  It was moved the Franklin Agricultural Society fairgrounds on High Street in 2007.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.  It is open to the public during the annual Farmington Fair.

Farmington, Maine
Farmington is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 7,592. Farmington is home to the University of Maine at Farmington, Nordica Memorial Auditorium, the Nordica Homestead, and the annual Farmington Fair.
2021–22 Cyclo-cross Superprestige
The Cyclo-cross Superprestige 2021-22 – also known as the Telenet Superprestige for sponsorship reasons – is a season-long cyclo-cross competition held in Belgium and the Netherlands. Originally planned for 8 rounds, in December 2021 due to heightened measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium the manche in Diegem was cancelled.

Diegem Cross
The Diegem Cross also known as  Superprestige Diegem is a cyclo-cross race held in Diegem, Belgium. 
The race is part of the Superprestige series and is usually held in the last week of December before the New Year's day. The race is one of the few cyclo-cross races that is held in the evening hours under the artificial lighting.
Juntan Reservoir
Juntan Reservoir(simplified Chinese: 军潭水库; traditional Chinese: 軍潭水庫; pinyin: Jūntán Shuǐkù), also known as Jiuxian Lake (Chinese: 九仙湖; pinyin: Jiǔxiān Hú), is a vast reservoir in Guangfeng District of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China. It is one of the largest man-made lakes in Shangrao city.

It covers a total surface area of 350 km2 (140 sq mi) and has a storage capacity of some 52,700,000 m3 (0.0126 cu mi) of water.

Shangrao
Shangrao (simplified Chinese: 上饶; traditional Chinese: 上饒; pinyin: Shàngráo) is a medium-sized prefecture-level city located in the northeast of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. The city borders the province of Anhui to the north, the province of Zhejiang to the east, and the province of Fujian to the south. Also, the city's western reaches extend into Poyang Lake. Shangrao had a population of 6,491,088 as of 2020 census whom 1,293,399 lived in the built up (or metro) area made of Xinzhou and Guangxin districts, Guangfeng District not being conurbated yet. Shangrao itself is at the very western edge of the Wu-speaking areas, while most of its associated counties speak Gan.
Hdparm
hdparm is a command line program for Linux to set and view ATA hard disk drive hardware parameters and test performance.  It can set parameters such as drive caches, sleep mode, power management, acoustic management, and DMA settings. GParted and Parted Magic both include hdparm.

Changing hardware parameters from suboptimal conservative defaults to their optimal settings can improve performance greatly.  For example, turning on DMA can, in some instances, double or triple data throughput.  There is, however, no reliable method for determining the optimal settings for a given controller-drive combination, except careful trial and error.

Depending on the given parameters, hdparm can cause computer crashes or render the data on the disk inaccessible.

Parted Magic
Parted Magic is a commercial Linux distribution based on Slackware that comes with disk partitioning and data recovery tools. It is sold as a Linux-based bootable disk. The distribution's nomenclature is derived from the names of the GNU Parted and PartitionMagic software packages.
Mummy Range
The Mummy Range (elevation approximately 13,000 ft) is a mountain range in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado in the United States. The range is a short subrange of the Front Range located in southwestern Larimer County northwest of the town of Estes Park. It is located largely within Rocky Mountain National Park, extending north from Trail Ridge Road approximately 15 mi (24 km). The Arapaho name is "nooku-bee3ei-no," which translates to "White Owls."

Prominent peaks in the range include Hagues Peak, Ypsilon Mountain, Mummy Mountain, and Mount Chiquita. These peaks are easily accessible via the Lawn Lake trail leading to "the Saddle" between Hagues Peak and Fairchild Mountain and, on the southwestern end, the Chapin Pass trail from the Fall River road. Some offer reasonably challenging technical routes but all can be ascended by steep hiking and mild scrambling after snow melt.

Estes Park, Colorado
Estes Park (/ˈɛstɪs/) is a statutory town in southwestern Larimer County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 5,904 at the 2020 United States census. Estes Park is a part of the Fort Collins, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. A popular summer resort and the location of the headquarters for Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park lies along the Big Thompson River. Landmarks include The Stanley Hotel and The Baldpate Inn. The town overlooks Lake Estes and Olympus Dam.
The Rink (cast recording)
The Rink is the original Broadway cast recording of the 1984 musical of the same name, released by Polydor Records in the same year. The album preserves John Kander and Fred Ebb's score, performed by the starring duo of Chita Rivera and Liza Minnelli.

The musical centers on the fraught relationship between Anna, who is selling the roller rink she owns, and her estranged daughter, Angel, who returns home. The recording captures the show's exploration of generational conflict, nostalgia, and reconciliation through numbers ranging from the wistful "Colored Lights" to the explosive "The Rink".

Upon its release, the cast album was met with a mixed critical response. While the performances of its stars were widely acknowledged, some reviewers found the score to be less innovative than the songwriters' previous work and noted that it did not fully showcase the talents of its legendary leads.

The Rink (musical)
The Rink is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and music by John Kander, the tenth Kander and Ebb collaboration.

The musical focuses on Anna, the owner of a dilapidated roller skating rink on the boardwalk of a decaying seaside resort, who has decided to sell it to developers. Complicating her plans are her prodigal daughter Angel, who returns to town seeking to reconnect with the people and places she long ago left behind. Through a series of flashbacks, revelations, and minimal forward-moving plot development, the two deal with their pasts in their attempt to reconcile and move on with their lives.
Utah Falconz
The Utah Falconz are a women's American football team from Salt Lake City, Utah playing in the Women's National Football Conference. Founded in 2013, home games are played at the Cottonwood High School football field.

Women's gridiron football
Women's gridiron football, more commonly known as women's tackle football, women's American football, women's Canadian football, or simply women's football, is a form of gridiron football (American or Canadian) played by women. Most leagues play by similar rules to the men's game. Women primarily play on a semi-professional or amateur level in the United States. Very few high schools or colleges offer the sport solely for women and girls. However, on occasion, it is permissible for a female player to join the otherwise male team.
Southern California Championships
The Southern California Championships and  was a men's and women's hard court tennis tournament founded in 1887 as a joint men's & women's event.

The men's event ran until 1977, whilst the women's event continued till 1979.

It was held at various locations including Riverside (1887), then Santa Monica (1888–1903), then South Pasadena (1904), then Long Beach (1905–1920) and finally Los Angeles (1920–1979).

This event carried the tour designation Los Angeles II, whilst Los Angeles I referred to the Pacific Southwest Championships/Los Angeles Open

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Lorenzago di Cadore
Lorenzago di Cadore is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Venice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Belluno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 600 and an area of 27.7 square kilometres (10.7 sq mi).

Lorenzago di Cadore borders the following municipalities: Domegge di Cadore, Forni di Sopra, Lozzo di Cadore, Vigo di Cadore.
For a number of years, Lorenzago hosted the summer vacation of Pope John Paul II. In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI was on vacation there.

Giulio Tremonti, twice Italian Finance Minister, was granted honorary citizenship on 29 December 2009; though born in Sondrio, his father was a native from Lorenzago and here the son hosted the drafters of the centre-right proposal of Constitutional amendment.

Belluno
Belluno (Italian pronunciation: [belˈluːno] ⓘ; Ladin: Belum; Venetian: Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomites region. With a population of 35,543, it is the largest populated area of Valbelluna, and the 12th-largest municipality of Veneto.

It is one of the 15 municipalities of the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park.
Ebury Street
Ebury Street (/ˈiːbəri/) is a street in Belgravia, City of Westminster, London. It runs from a Grosvenor Gardens junction south-westwards to Pimlico Road. It was built mostly in the period 1815 to 1860.

Odd numbers 19 to 231 are on the south-east side; the others, 16 to 230, are opposite. Numbers 2 to 14 have largely been replaced by a renamed terrace of eight houses known as Lygon Place, recessed behind a small green.

Belgravia
Belgravia (/bɛlˈɡreɪviə/) is a district in Central London, covering parts of the areas of the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

Belgravia was known as the 'Five Fields' during the Tudor Period, and became a dangerous place due to highwaymen and robberies. It was developed in the early 19th century by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster under the direction of Thomas Cubitt, focusing on numerous grand terraces centred on Belgrave Square and Eaton Square. Much of Belgravia, known as the Grosvenor Estate, is still owned by a family property company, the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor Group, although owing to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967, the estate has been forced to sell many freeholds to its former tenants.

The part of Belgravia that lies in the City of Westminster is a district of Westminster.
Nanchen Road station
Nanchen Road (simplified Chinese: 南陈路; traditional Chinese: 南陳路; pinyin: Nánchén Lù) is a station on Shanghai Metro Line 7. It began operation on December 5, 2009. The station serves Shanghai University's Baoshan campus.

Line 7 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 7 is a northwest–southeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. It connects the Baoshan District of Shanghai with the downtown core as well as the Pudong New Area and the Expo 2010 site. It currently runs from Meilan Lake in Baoshan District to Huamu Road in Pudong, which is near Shanghai New International Expo Center. Qihua Road serves as a terminus for trains returning to Chentai Road Depot. The line is colored orange on system maps.
Kaliningrad constituency
The Kaliningrad constituency (No.97) is a Russian legislative constituency in Kaliningrad Oblast. The constituency covers part of Kaliningrad and northern half of Kaliningrad Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Andrey Kolesnik, businessman and former Port of Kaliningrad owner, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Aleksandr Pyatikop.

Slavsky District
Slavsky District (Russian: Сла́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Slavsky Municipal District. It is located in the northern and central parts of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,349 square kilometers (521 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Slavsk. Population: 21,015 (2010 Census); 21,918 (2002 Census); 20,864 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Slavsk accounts for 22.0% of the district's total population.
Oberbrüden
Oberbrüden is a village in the district of Rems-Murr-Kreis in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is 3 mi (4.8 km) east of the town Backnang and about 15 mi (24 km) from the state capital Stuttgart. Population is about 2000 people. Together with the villages Unterbrüden, Ebersberg and Lippoldsweiler, Oberbrüden is part of the municipality Auenwald. In 2014 a 2000 year old Roman sunken lane between Steinbach and Oberbrüden was restored.

Rems-Murr-Kreis
Rems-Murr is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Heilbronn, Schwäbisch Hall, Ostalbkreis, Göppingen, Esslingen, the district-free city Stuttgart and the district Ludwigsburg.
Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania
Tyrone Township is a township in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,919 at the 2020 census. The principal communities in the township are the villages of Green Park and Loysville. The township surrounds the borough of Landisburg.

It was named after County Tyrone in Ireland.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Perris–Downtown station
Perris–Downtown station, (also known as Perris Transit Center and Downtown Perris station), is a transit center in Perris, California, that opened on January 11, 2010, with an eight-bay bus platform used by the Riverside Transit Agency. Train service to the station began on June 6, 2016, with the 91/Perris Valley Line extension of the Metrolink commuter rail system. It is located near the historic Perris Depot.

Perris, California
Perris is an old railway city in Riverside County, California, United States, located 71 miles (114 km) east-southeast of Los Angeles and 81 miles (130 km) north of San Diego. It is known for Lake Perris, skydiving, the Southern California Railway Museum, and its sunny dry climate. Perris is within the Inland Empire metropolitan area of Southern California. Perris had a population of 78,700 as of the 2020 census.
Fjölnir (men's basketball)
The Fjölnir men's basketball, commonly known as Fjölnir, is the men's basketball department of Ungmennafélagið Fjölnir multi-sport club. It is based in Grafarvogur, Reykjavík. As of the 2019-2020 season it plays in the Úrvalsdeild karla.

Ægir Steinarsson
Ægir Þór Steinarsson (born 10 May 1991) is an Icelandic basketball player for Úrvalsdeild karla club Stjarnan and the Icelandic national team, where he participated at the EuroBasket 2015 and EuroBasket 2017. In 2025, he won the Icelandic championship for the first time and was named the Finals MVP.
NGC 5854
NGC 5854 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1,851±14 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 89.0 ± 6.3 Mly (27.30 ± 1.92 Mpc). However, seven non-redshift measurements give a much closer mean distance of 60.95 ± 6.94 Mly (18.686 ± 2.128 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 24 February 1786.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").