hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tufa
Tufa is a variety of limestone formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of water in unheated rivers or lakes. Geothermally heated hot springs sometimes produce similar (but less porous) carbonate deposits, which are known as travertine or thermogene travertine. Tufa is sometimes referred to as meteogene travertine.

Oncolite
Oncolites are sedimentary structures composed of oncoids, which are layered structures formed by the growth of one or more species of microorganisms, usually containing cyanobacteria. Oncolites are very similar to stromatolites, but, instead of forming columns, they form approximately spherical structures.  The oncoids often form around a central nucleus, such as a shell fragment, and a calcium carbonate structure is deposited by encrusting microbes.  Oncolites are indicators of warm waters in the photic zone, but are also known in contemporary freshwater environments.  These structures rarely exceed 10 cm in diameter.

Oncolites may have either a porostromate or spongiostromate texture. Most oncolites are spongiostromate, having no recognisable cellular texture or microstructure. Porostromate oncolites are mostly unknown during the Precambrian; since the Eocene they have mostly been confined to freshwater environments.
Irvine CubeSat STEM Program
Irvine CubeSat STEM Program (ICSP) is a joint educational endeavor to teach, train and inspire the next generation of STEM professionals. ICSP involves students from six high schools from Irvine, California, and its main objective is to assemble, test, and launch a CubeSat into low Earth orbit.

ICSP's initial concepts were conceived by Brent Freeze when he was working with Arnold O. Beckman High School physics teacher Paul Lewanski on a weather balloon project; Freeze later founded the program with Kain Sosa.

The Irvine CubeSat STEM Program was shut down in the 2022 school year. The Irvine Public School Foundation (IPSF) reallocated the CubeSat funding elsewhere and Brent Freeze has left the project to pursue other endeavors. This change could have resulted from the lack of productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the loss of talented students. It is rumored that the program could return during the 2023 school year.

Colloid thruster
A colloid thruster (or electrospray thruster) is a type of low thrust electric propulsion rocket engine that uses electrostatic acceleration of charged liquid droplets for propulsion. In a colloid thruster, charged liquid droplets are produced by an electrospray process and then accelerated by a static electric field. The liquid used for this application tends to be a low-volatility ionic liquid.

Like other ion thrusters, its benefits include high efficiency, thrust density, and specific impulse; however it has very low total thrust, on the order of micronewtons. It provides very fine attitude control or efficient acceleration of small spacecraft over long periods of time. Busek asserts its BET-300-P thruster operates with a specific impulse of either 850 seconds or 2300 seconds, depending on how it is configured. In comparison, the high performance NEXT-C gridded ion thruster was used on the DART mission with a specific impulse of over 3100 seconds.
The Independent Eye
The Independent Eye was an American theatre company based in Sebastopol, California. The company ceased operations in 2020.

The group was founded in 1974 by Conrad Bishop and Elizabeth Fuller, who were then performing with Theatre X in Milwaukee and had helped to found that group. Bishop and Fuller moved to Chicago and began writing and producing their own work, performing sometimes as a duo and sometimes with a small core of collaborators. The group was later established as a regional theatre in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, before moving to Sebastopol in 1999.

It toured throughout the United States and Europe and created numerous works for radio. Its public radio series Hitchhiking off the Map won a Silver Reel Award from the National Federation of Community Broadcasters.

In July 2020, the founders announced that the company was officially closing, citing both the COVID-19 pandemic and a desire to focus on archiving their creative work.

Sebastopol, California
Sebastopol (/sɪˈbæstəpoʊl, -puːl/ sib-AST-ə-pohl, -⁠pool) is a city in Sonoma County, California, with a recorded population of 7,521, per the 2020 U.S. census.

Sebastopol was once primarily a plum- and apple-growing region. The creation of The Barlow, a $32 million mall on a floodplain in Sebastopol, has converted old agricultural warehouses into a marketplace for dining, tasting rooms, and art, and has made Sebastopol a Wine Country destination.

Horticulturist Luther Burbank had gardens in this region. The city hosts an annual Apple Blossom Festival in April, Gravenstein Apple Fair in August, and is home to the Sebastopol Documentary Film Festival.
Samarium(II) iodide
Samarium(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula SmI2.  When employed as a solution for organic synthesis, it is known as Kagan's reagent, named after Henri B. Kagan.  SmI2 is a green solid and forms a dark blue solution in THF.  It is a strong one-electron reducing agent that is used in organic synthesis.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Mallur railway station
Mallur railway station (station code: MALR) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station situated in Mallur, Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is an intermediate station on the newly commissioned Salem Junction–Karur Junction line which became operational in May 2013. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Salem railway division.

Karur Junction railway station
Karur Junction railway station (station code: KRR) is an NSG–4 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction station located in the city of Karur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated along with Erode and Tiruchirapalli. The station is a junction for incoming trains from Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Dindigul towards Jolarpettai–Chennai line through Erode Junction.
Australian Navy Cadets
The Australian Navy Cadets (ANC) is a youth development organization supported by the Royal Australian Navy, with a focus on the maritime domain. The organization conducts navy-related activities, with some key objectives that include building self-confidence and developing teamwork and leadership skills.

The navy cadets, which comprises of 81 training ships and with approximately 2,600 cadets nationwide. It is available to all young Australians between the ages of 13 and 17. This youth organization is related with the Australian Air Force Cadets and Australian Army Cadets, which all come from the Australian Defence Force Cadets.

Chief of Navy (Australia)
The Chief of Navy is the most senior appointment in the Royal Australian Navy, responsible to the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary of Defence.  The rank associated with the position is vice admiral (3-star).

Vice Admiral Mark Hammond is the current Chief of Navy; he assumed the position on 6 July 2022.
Gary Wilson (snooker player)
Gary Wilson (born 11 August 1985) is an English professional snooker player from Wallsend in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear.

After showing promise from a young age, Wilson won the IBSF World U-21 Championship before turning professional in 2004. He dropped off the tour in 2006, however, and did not regain his professional status until 2013. During his second period as an amateur, Wilson won the English Amateur Championship in 2012 and reached the final of the World Amateur Championship the same year.

Noted for his cue ball control and break-building ability, Wilson has won three ranking titles, the Scottish Open in 2022 and 2023, and the 2024 Welsh Open. He was also runner-up at the 2015 China Open and the 2021 British Open, as well as reaching the semi-final of the 2019 World Championship as a qualifier.

Players Tour Championship
The Players Tour Championship was a series of snooker tournaments comprising some minor-ranking events played in Europe, and an Asian leg comprising some minor-ranking events in Asia. The series concluded with a Grand Final, where qualification was based on performance in the other PTC events, and had the status of a full ranking tournament. Each regular event lasted for at least three days, with qualifying days for amateurs should the event be oversubscribed. Each event costs £100 to enter, and Main Tour players can gain ranking points in the events.
Puna teal
The Puna teal (Spatula puna) is a species of dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. It was at one time regarded as a subspecies of the Silver teal (Spatula versicolor).

The Puna teal is resident in the Andes of Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile, and extreme northwestern Argentina. It is found on the larger lakes and pools in the altiplano.

The status of the Puna teal is Least Concern, as listed on the IUCN Red List.

Bird anatomy
Beak

Head

Iris

Pupil

Mantle

Lesser coverts

Scapulars

Coverts

Tertials

Rump

Primaries

Vent

Thigh

Tibio-tarsal articulation

Tarsus

Feet

Tibia

Belly

Flanks

Breast

Throat

Wattle

Eyestripe

Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight. Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly. The development of a beak has led to evolution of a specially adapted digestive system.
Venkatesh Netha Borlakunta
Venkatesh Netha Borlakunta is an Indian politician and a member of parliament to the 17th Lok Sabha from Peddapalle Lok Sabha constituency, Telangana. He won the 2019 Indian general election being an Bharat Rashtra Samithi candidate. He was studied in Osmania University. Before elections he resigned for his job. He was also a CPS employee and also fought against CPS, leader in CPSTEATS, which was fighting against the CPS system.

Venkatesh Netha contested the 2018 Assembly elections on Congress ticket and had lost and later he joined BRS ahead of 2019 Lok Sabha elections and contested from Peddapalli parliament and elected as Loksabha Member. He joined the Congress party  in the presence of All India Congress Committee general secretary K. C. Venugopal in New Delhi on 6 February 2024.

Venkatesh Neta left congress and joined BJP in the presence of Union Tourism Minister G Kishan Reddy in Hyderabad on 29 April 2024.

G. Kishan Reddy
Gangapuram Kishan Reddy (born 15 June 1960) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 25th Minister of Coal and 45th Minister of Mines since 2024. He also served as Minister of Tourism, Culture and Development of North Eastern Region of India from 2019 to 2024. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 1980. He is an MP representing Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency) since 2019. He served as the floor leader of the BJP in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2009 and gave it up after being elected as the state BJP president of erstwhile Andhra Pradesh. He was first state president of Telangana BJP from 2014 to 2016, appointed again as Telangana BJP president on 4 July 2023 and served till 30 June 2025.
MyHDL
MyHDL is a Python-based hardware description language (HDL).

Features of MyHDL include:

The ability to generate VHDL and Verilog code from a MyHDL design.

The ability to generate a testbench (Conversion of test benches) with test vectors in VHDL or Verilog, based on complex computations in Python.

The ability to convert a list of signals.

The ability to convert output verification.

The ability to do co-simulation with Verilog.

An advanced datatype system, independent of traditional datatypes. MyHDL's translator tool automatically writes conversion functions when the target language requires them.

MyHDL is developed by Jan Decaluwe.

Verilog
Verilog, standardized as IEEE 1364, is a hardware description language (HDL) used to model electronic systems. It is most commonly used in the design and verification of digital circuits, with the highest level of abstraction being at the register-transfer level. It is also used in the verification of analog circuits and mixed-signal circuits, as well as in the design of genetic circuits.

In 2009, the Verilog standard (IEEE 1364-2005) was merged into the SystemVerilog standard, creating IEEE Standard 1800-2009. Since then, Verilog has been officially part of the SystemVerilog language. The current version is IEEE standard 1800-2023.
Burst dimming
Burst dimming is a method to control dimming of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) and LEDs by using pulse width modulation (PWM) at approximately 100-300 Hz which is supposed to be above the noticeable flicker limit for the human eye. 
This technique is sometimes used with TFT displays to control backlighting. An alternative dimming method is to control lamp current.

Flicker (screen)
Flicker is a visible change in brightness between cycles displayed on video displays. It applies to the refresh interval on cathode-ray tube (CRT) televisions and computer monitors, as well as plasma computer displays and televisions.
Jambonneau
Jambonneau is a French culinary term for the knuckle end of a leg of pork or ham. It is consumed fresh, salted or smoked. In addition, after braising or  poaching, jambonneau is traditionally served with sauerkraut or used in soups.

The same term may also be used for a chicken thigh that has been stuffed, usually with forcemeat, shaped like a ham and braised. Such a preparation is called jambonneau as it has a shape similar to the pork or ham form.

Poaching (cooking)
Poaching is a cooking technique that involves heating food submerged in a liquid, such as water, milk, stock or wine. Poaching is differentiated from the other "moist heat" cooking methods, such as simmering and boiling, in that it uses a relatively lower temperature (about 70–80 °C or 158–176 °F). This temperature range makes it particularly suitable for delicate food, such as eggs, poultry, fish and fruit, which might easily fall apart or dry out using other cooking methods. Poaching is often considered a healthy cooking method because it does not use fat for cooking or flavoring the food.
Luke Adams (race walker)
Luke Kendall Adams (born 22 October 1976, in Mvumi, Dodoma, Tanzania) is a male race walker from Australia, who was born in Tanzania. His parents worked as medical missionaries. He is a three-time Olympian for Australia. On 23 June 2000, he was awarded the Australian Sports Medal.

Australian Sports Medal
The Australian Sports Medal is an award given to recognise achievements in Australian sport to commemorate Australian participation in major sporting events. Original recipients of the award included competitors, coaches, sports scientists, office holders, and people who maintained sporting facilities and services. During the original period of its award in 2000–2001, over 18,000 medals were awarded. The award was permanently reactivated in 2020 to commemorate Australian contributions and participation in major multi-sport events.
Carl Peters (film)
Carl Peters is a 1941 German historical drama film directed by Herbert Selpin and starring Hans Albers, Karl Dannemann, and Fritz Odemar. It was produced as an anti-British propaganda film during the Second World War.

Albers portrays the titular German colonial leader. Bayume Mohamed Husen plays his native guide.

The art director Fritz Maurischat worked on the film's sets. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and the Barrandov Studios in Prague.

German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; German: Deutsch-Ostafrika DOA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which is nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.

The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.
Seppo Kääriäinen
Seppo Arimo Kääriäinen (born 29 March 1948 in Iisalmen maalaiskunta) is a Finnish politician of the Centre Party and Doctor in Social Sciences.  He served as the Minister of Defence of Finland between from 24 June 2003 to 19 April 2007. He has been MP since 1987 and was Minister of Trade and Industry and Minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993–1995. He also served as the First Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Finland.

Minister of Defence (Finland)
The Minister of Defence (Finnish: puolustusministeri, Swedish: försvarsminister) is a member of the Finnish Council of State. As the head of the Ministry of Defence, the minister is responsible for the administration of national defence. The ministry is headquartered in Helsinki. The current Minister of Defence is Antti Häkkänen.

From June to November 1918 the post was called Chief of the War Department, and from then until 1922 the post was called the Minister of War.

The President of the Republic is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces. The commander of the military forces is the Chief of Defence.
Garfagnina Bianca
The Garfagnina Bianca is an Italian breed of small domestic sheep from the historic area of the Garfagnana, the mountainous northern part of the province of Lucca, in Tuscany in central Italy. It shares common origins with the other sheep breeds of the Tosco-Emilian Apennines – the Cornella Bianca, the Massese and the Zerasca.: 224 : 58  It is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herd-book is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.: 58

Breed numbers declined drastically in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1961 there were more than 50000, distributed over much of central Italy; a census in 1983 identified fewer than 50 pure-bred specimens. In 2013 total numbers for the breed were 356.

Zerasca
The Zerasca is an Italian breed of upland sheep from the province of Massa Carrara, in Tuscany in central Italy. It is raised almost exclusively in the comune of Zeri and the neighbouring comune of Pontremoli,: 306  and is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a flock-book is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.

It is reared only for lamb; lambs are milk-fed until they are slaughtered.
Reunited with Jimmy Webb 1974–1988
Reunited with Jimmy Webb 1974–1988 is a compilation album of Glen Campbell recordings of Jimmy Webb songs, released in 1999, by Raven Records. The album contains the complete album Reunion: The Songs of Jimmy Webb (1974) and the Webb compositions from Bloodline (1976), Southern Nights (1977), Highwayman (1979), It's the World Gone Crazy (1981), Still Within the Sound of My Voice (1987), and Light Years (1988).

Light Years (Glen Campbell album)
Light Years is the forty-fourth studio album by American singer-guitarist Glen Campbell, released in 1988 by MCA. The album features eight songs written by Jimmy Webb, including the singles "Light Years" and "More Than Enough".
SoaML
SoaML (Service-Oriented Architecture Modeling Language /ˈswɑːməl/) is an open source specification project from the Object Management Group (OMG), describing a Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile and metamodel for the modeling and design of services within a service-oriented architecture.

Object Management Group
The Object Management Group (OMG) is a computer industry Standards Development Organization (SDO), or Voluntary Consensus Standards Body (VCSB). OMG develops enterprise integration and modeling standards for a range of technologies.
Basi
Basí is a traditional Ilocano fermented alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane juice, predominantly produced in Northern Luzon, Philippines particularly in the Ilocos Region. It is fermented in burnáy (earthen jars) and flavored with gamú or natural additives such as samak bark. Basí has been an integral part of Ilocano culture for centuries, commonly featured in various rituals and celebrations, with distinct regional variations in its production methods and flavor profiles.

Leucaena leucocephala
Leucaena leucocephala is a small fast-growing mimosoid tree native to southern Mexico and northern Central America (Belize and Guatemala). It is now naturalized throughout the tropics including parts of Asia.

Common names include white leadtree, white popinac, horse tamarind, ipil-ipil, koa haole, and tan-tan.

Leucaena leucocephala is used for a variety of purposes, such as fencing, soil fertility, firewood, fiber, and livestock fodder.
Phi3 Ceti
Phi3 Ceti is a solitary, orange-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.31.  Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.11 mas as seen from Earth, it is located approximately 530 light years from the Sun, give or take 20 light years. The star is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −25.5 km/s.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K5 III. It has about 1.4 times the mass and 44 times the radius of the Sun. The star radiates 441 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,974 K.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
2025 ATV Tennis Open
The 2025 ATV Tennis Open (also known as the ATV Bancomat Tennis Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament, and part of the 2025 WTA 125 tournaments (upgraded from ITF status in previous years). It took place in Rome, Italy, between 14 and 20 July 2025.

2025 WTA 125 tournaments
The WTA 125 tournaments were the secondary professional tennis circuit tournaments organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2025 calendar consisted of fifty three tournaments announced or confirmed through various sources.