hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps
The Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps (formerly the Holy Name Cadets, Cadets of Garfield, Garfield Cadets, and Cadets of Bergen County) was a junior drum and bugle corps that operated from 1934 to 2024.

Most recently based in Erie, Pennsylvania, the group was among the thirteen founding corps of Drum Corps International (DCI). It was a ten-time DCI World Champion in the World Class division and was the oldest continuously active junior drum and bugle corps in North America.

On April 2, 2024, The Cadets filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, citing the costs of defending a 2020 sexual abuse lawsuit and an inability to get liability insurance coverage.

The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps
The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as "The Green Machine") is a World Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps based in Rosemont, Illinois. The Cavaliers were one of the thirteen founding member corps of Drum Corps International and is a seven-time DCI World Champion. The Cavaliers are the only active all-male corps remaining in the activity.
Chestnut-cheeked starling
The chestnut-cheeked starling (Agropsar philippensis) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It breeds in Japan and the Russian islands of Sakhalin and Kuriles; it winters in Taiwan, the Philippines and northern Borneo.

The chestnut-cheeked starling was previously placed in the genus Sturnus. It was moved to the resurrected genus Agropsar based on the results of two molecular phylogenetic studies that were published in 2008.

Agropsar
Agropsar is a genus of Asian birds in the family Sturnidae. It is sometimes merged with Sturnus or Sturnia

These two species were formerly placed in the genus Sturnus. They were moved to the resurrected genus Agropsar based on the results of two molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2008.
Jingyu County
Jingyu County (simplified Chinese: 靖宇县; traditional Chinese: 靖宇縣; pinyin: Jìngyǔ Xiàn), formerly Méngjiāng County (simplified Chinese: 蒙江县; traditional Chinese: 蒙江縣) until February 1946, is a county in southern Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baishan City. It is named after General Yang Jingyu, who was killed here during World War II.

Baishan
Baishan (Chinese: 白山; pinyin: Báishān) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Jilin province, in the Dongbei (northeastern) part of China. "白山" literally means "White Mountain", and is named after Changbai Mountain (Chinese: 长白山; pinyin: Chángbái Shān). Baishan borders Yanbian to the east, Tonghua to the southwest, Jilin City to the north, and North Korea to the south.

Baishan is to be granted the title of China International Mineral Water City. In Baishan is the Baishan Dam.
Raimond van der Gouw
Raimundus Johannes Hendrikus "Raimond" van der Gouw (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈreːmɔnt fɑn dər ˈɣʌu]; born 24 March 1963) is a Dutch former professional footballer, who played as a goalkeeper.

After a successful career with Vitesse in his native Netherlands, and well into his 30s, he moved to Manchester United where he made 61 appearances over six seasons and won two Premier League titles as well as a host of other honours as backup goalkeeper. He scored his only goal in the last game of his career for AGOVV, before retiring at the age of 44 and becoming a coach.

Eerste Divisie
The Eerste Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrstə diˈvizi]; English: First Division), officially known as the Keuken Kampioen Divisie due to sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest tier of football in the Netherlands. It is linked with the top-level Eredivisie via promotion/relegation systems.
Cuddebackville Dam
The Cuddebackville Dam was a concrete dam on the Neversink River in Deerpark, Orange County, New York near the town of Cuddebackville, New York, removed in October, 2004 to benefit aquatic life.  It was the first dam removed in New York State for environmental reasons.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
Cora santacruzensis
Cora santacruzensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in the Galapagos, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Manuela Dal Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Alba Yánez-Ayabaca. The specific epithet santacruzensis refers to Santa Cruz Island, the type locality where the lichen was first documented scientifically. Here it was found at an abandoned farm behind El Puntudo, where it was growing on a shaded branch of an avocado tree (Persea americana). A paratype specimen was collected from a Cinchona tree (Cinchona pubescens). The lichen is one of two presumably endemic Cora species found on the Galapagos; the other is Cora glabrata.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Drum chopper
A drum chopper is a piece of farm equipment used for "knocking down brush and trees" and for "chopping up" their remains.  The device is cylindrical or drum-like in form and is towed behind a tractor or land machine.  It is used to reduce the possibility of brush or forest fire, to manage the topography and diversity of plants and trees, to reduce weeds and to improve land for livestock.

Agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery refers to mechanical devices, vehicles, and structures used in farming or other agriculture. There are many types of such equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the farm implements that they tow or operate. Machinery is used in both organic and nonorganic farming. Especially since the advent of mechanised agriculture, agricultural machinery is an indispensable part of how the world is fed.

Agricultural machinery can be regarded as part of wider agricultural automation technologies, which includes the more advanced digital equipment and agricultural robotics. While robots have the potential to automate the three key steps involved in any agricultural operation (diagnosis, decision-making and performing), conventional motorized machinery is used principally to automate only the performing step where diagnosis and decision-making are conducted by humans based on observations and experience.
Hintere Schwärze
Hintere Schwärze (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈhɪntərɛ ˈʃvɛrtsɛ] ⓘ; Italian: Cima Nera) is a mountain on the border between Austria and Italy. At 3,628 metres (11,903 ft), it is the fourth highest peak in the Ötztal Alps.

Ötztal Alps
The Ötztal Alps (Italian: Alpi Venoste, German: Ötztaler Alpen) are a mountain range in the Central Eastern Alps, in the State of Tyrol in western Austria and the Province of South Tyrol in northern Italy.
Global Wind Day
Global Wind Day or World Wind Day is a worldwide event that is held on June 15. It is organised by WindEurope and GWEC (Global Wind Energy Council). It is a day when wind energy is celebrated, information is exchanged and adults and children find out about wind energy, its power and the possibilities it holds to change the world.

In association with EWEA and GWEC, national wind energy associations and companies involved in wind energy production organise events in many countries around the world. In 2011, there were events organised in 30 countries, on 4 continents. Events included visits to onshore and offshore wind farms, information campaigns, demonstration turbines being set up in cities, wind workshops and a wind parade. Many events happened on Global Wind Day (15 June) itself, but there were also events on the days and weeks before and afterwards. In 2012 there were 250 events around the globe and a popular photo competition.

Global Wind Energy Council
The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) was established in 2005 to provide a credible and representative forum for the entire wind energy sector at an international level.  GWEC's mission is to ensure that wind power is established as one of the world's leading energy sources, providing substantial environmental and economic benefits.

A new report launched by the Global Wind Energy Council predicts that, despite temporary supply chain difficulties, international wind markets are set to continue their strong growth.  In 2006, total installed wind power capacity increased by 25% globally, generating some €18 billion (US$23 billion) worth of new generating equipment and bringing global wind power capacity up to more than 74GW.  While the European Union is still the leading market in wind energy with over 48GW of installed capacity, other continents such as North America and Asia are developing quickly.
Bok (lunar crater)
Bok is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. To the southeast is the crater Sniadecki; to the north is McKellar, and further to the west is De Vries.

The rim of Bok is well-defined and is not significantly eroded. The inner walls slope gently down to the nearly level interior floor, which has a central peak near the midpoint. There is a slight inward bulge along the northwest wall.

The crater was named by the IAU in 1979 after American astronomer Priscilla F. Bok and Dutch-American astronomer Bart J. Bok.

De Vries (crater)
De Vries is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon relative to the Earth. It lies about midway between the craters Racah to the north-northwest and Orlov to the south-southeast. An nameless walled plain lies between De Vries and Orlov, with the perimeter of this feature joining the two rims.

This crater is not significantly eroded, although a small crater is attached to the exterior of the northern rim. Within the somewhat interior floor is a broad central rise offset just to the northeast of the midpoint.
Stapeliinae
Stapeliinae is a subtribe of flowering plants within the tribe Ceropegieae of the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the family Apocynaceae. The subtribe comprises about 35 genera, including both the stem-succulent "stapeliads" and the horticulturally popular genera Brachystelma and Ceropegia. The largest number of genera are native to Africa, but a more limited number of genera are widespread in Arabia and Asia. Historically, a similarly circumscribed taxon was treated as a separate tribe, Stapelieae.

Orbea (plant)
Orbea is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1812. It is native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

Species

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of February 2023:
Aktulga, Kızıltepe
Aktulga (Kurdish: Elews) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Erbanî tribe and had a population of 140 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
The Polish–Ukrainian conflict took place from 1939 to 1947. It was fought primarily between irregular Ukrainian and Polish units, with limited participation by Soviet partisans and the  Red Army, as well as Romanian, Hungarian, German and Czechoslovak armed formations. Fighting was concentrated in south-eastern Kresy region (today Western Ukraine) of the German-occupied Second Polish Republic.

The occupation of Poland by Germany and Soviet Union in September 1939 led to demands by Ukrainian nationalists for a new Ukrainian state which would include the Polish territories of Eastern Galicia and Wołyń (Volhynia).

Peasant Battalions
Peasant Battalions (Polish: Bataliony Chłopskie, abbreviated BCh) was a Polish resistance movement, guerrilla and partisan organisation, during World War II. The organisation was created in mid-1940 by the agrarian political party People's Party and by 1944 was partially integrated with the Armia Krajowa (Home Army). At its height, in summer 1944 the organisation had 160,000 members.
An Jian
An Jian (Chinese: 安建; born December 1952) is a Chinese politician who served in a series of senior legislative and legal affairs positions at the national level. He held posts including deputy director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, deputy director of the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council, vice president of the China Law Society, and deputy chairman of the Law Committee of the 12th National People's Congress.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
Spudshed
Spudshed is an independent supermarket chain in Western Australia. The store was founded by Tony and Vince Galati, and forms part of the family-owned Galati Group.

As of November 2025, the chain comprises a total of 19 stores across Western Australia. Its main competitors are Woolworths, Coles, Aldi and IGA. Spudshed differentiates itself by operating most stores 24 hours a day, and retailing low-cost produce grown on Galati family farms throughout the state.

Woolworths Supermarkets
Woolworths (colloquially known as "Woolies") is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Woolworths Group. Founded in 1924, Woolworths is currently Australia's largest supermarket chain with a market share of 32.5% as of 2023.

Woolworths specialises in groceries (vegetables, fruit, meat, packaged foods, etc.), but also sells magazines, DVDs, health and beauty products, household products, pet and baby supplies, and stationery. As of June 2023, there were 995 Woolworths supermarkets and 90 Woolworths Metro convenience stores. Woolworths Online (formerly HomeShop) is a click and collect, and home delivery service for Woolworths supermarkets.
Samuel Francis Smith
Samuel Francis Smith (October 21, 1808 – November 16, 1895) was an American Baptist minister, journalist, and author. He is best known for having written the lyrics to "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (sung to the tune of "God Save the King"), which he entitled "America".

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
2022 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 2022 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Volunteers played their home games at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by second-year head coach Josh Heupel.

On October 15, 2022, Tennessee beat the No. 3-ranked Alabama Crimson Tide, winning the rivalry game for the first time since 2006. Fans rushed the field at Neyland Stadium and tore down the goalposts, carrying them around campus and eventually throwing them into the Tennessee River. The university was fined $100,000 by the Southeastern Conference as a result of rushing the field. The university received $152,000 in donations from the fans to replace the goalposts. The Volunteers capped off an impressive 11 win season against the Clemson Tigers, winning the 2022 Orange Bowl 31–14, the Vols’ first 11 win season since 2001.

Neyland Stadium
Neyland Stadium (/ˈniːlənd/ NEE-lənd) is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 101,915. Constructed in 1921 as Shields–Watkins Field (which is now the name of the playing surface), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in the following decade. Neyland Stadium is the sixth largest stadium in the United States, the eighth largest stadium in the world, and the third largest stadium in the Southeastern Conference. The stadium is named for Robert Neyland, who served three stints as head football coach at the University of Tennessee between 1926 and 1952.
Lipci rock art
The Lipci rock art is a cluster of ancient rock paintings, situated next to the tiny settlement of Lipci about 2 km west of Risan, in the bay of Kotor in Montenegro. The scientific discovery of the site in 1961 is credited to scholar Pavle Mijović.

Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor (Serbo-Croatian: Boka kotorska / Бока которска, Italian: Bocche di Cattaro), also known as the Gulf of Kotor or just as the Boka (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Бока), is a winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro and the region of Montenegro concentrated around the bay. It is also the southernmost part of the historical region of Dalmatia. At the entrance to the Bay there is Prevlaka, a small peninsula in southern Croatia. The bay has been inhabited since antiquity. Its well-preserved medieval towns of Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Perast, Prčanj and Herceg Novi, along with their natural surroundings, are major tourist attractions. The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Its numerous Orthodox and Catholic churches and monasteries attract numerous religious pilgrims and other visitors.
Don Omar Presents: Meet the Orphans
Meet the Orphans is the fourth studio album by reggaeton artist, Don Omar, released on November 16, 2010. The album features the artists under the "Orfanato Music Group" label and other reggaeton artists. The album includes the promotional single "Hasta Abajo" and the album's lead single "Danza Kuduro" featuring French-born Portuguese singer Lucenzo, as well as collaborations from Don Omar's Orfanato Music Group. artists including Kendo Kaponi, Danny Fornaris, Syko, Plan B, Zion & Lennox, and Yaga & Mackie. It was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year.

The album and singles won 8 Awards for Billboard Latin Music Awards  and finalists for 16 nominations in 14 categories. and was nominated for Latin Grammy Awards in 2011.

Universal Music Latin Entertainment
Universal Music Latin Entertainment (UMLE), also known as Universal Música, is the Latin music division of Universal Music Group (UMG), founded in 2008. Headquartered in Los Angeles, with offices in Miami, it oversees the marketing and distribution of Latin music in the US (including Puerto Rico) and Mexico.

UMLE includes labels such as Universal Music Latino, Fonovisa Records, Universal Music México, Capitol Latin, Machete Music, and Disa Records. The division was formed after UMG acquired Univision Music Group and merged it with its roster of Latin artists and catalog.
Bahawalpur cricket team
Bahawalpur cricket team is a first-class cricket side in Pakistan, representing the city of Bahawalpur and its region in the southern part of the Punjab province.

Bahawalpur won the inaugural season of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy in 1953–54, under the captaincy of Khan Mohammad. The team competed in Pakistan's first-class competitions in most seasons between 1953–54 and 2002–03. After nine seasons in the sub-first-class Inter-District Tournament, Bahawalpur returned to first-class status for the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. After another hiatus, Bahawalpur (as Bahawalpur Region) returned to the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy in 2024–25.

At the start of November 2025, Bahawalpur had played 228 first-class matches, with 58 wins, 85 losses, 83 draws and 2 ties. Bahawalpur's Twenty20 and List A cricket team is known as Bahawalpur Stags.

Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu: بہاول پور; Urdu pronunciation: [bəɦɑːwəlˈpuːɾ]) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 13th most populous city of Pakistan and 8th most populous of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.

Founded in 1748 by the Daudpotra family of Sindh, Bahawalpur was the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur, ruled by the Nawabs of Bahawalpur until 1955. The Nawabs left a rich architectural legacy, and Bahawalpur is known for its monuments dating from that period. The city lies at the edge of the Cholistan Desert, and serves as the gateway to the nearby Lal Suhanra National Park.
Miss Grand South Africa 2023
Miss Grand South Africa 2023 was the eighth edition of the Miss Grand South Africa beauty pageant, held on July 22, 2023, at the Atterbury Theatre in South Africa's capital, Pretoria. Twenty-five candidates who qualified for the national pageant through the virtual casting competed for the title, and a 19-year-old former Miss Teen World from Johannesburg, Gugulethu Mayisela, was elected the winner. She was crowned by Miss Grand South Africa 2022, Lu Juan Mzyk, and obtain the right to represent the country at the Miss Grand International 2023 pageant, which is scheduled to be in Vietnam on October 25.

Miss Grand International 2023
Miss Grand International 2023 was the 11th Miss Grand International pageant, held at the Phú Thọ Indoor Stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on 25 October 2023.

At the end of the event, Isabella Menin of Brazil crowned Luciana Fuster of Peru as Miss Grand International 2023, marking the country's second victory in the pageant's history.

Contestants from sixty-nine countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant's grand final round was hosted by Thai television personality Matthew Deane, and featured a live performance by Miss Grand International 2022 first runner-up, Engfa Waraha.