hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umzimkulu (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Umzimkulu was a short-lived constituency in the Natal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1920. It covered the southern end of the province, around the Umzimkulu River, and bordered both the Cape Province and Lesotho. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Ordnance Factory Medak
Ordnance Factory Medak (OFMK) (Hindi: आयुध निर्माणी मेदक), previously called Ordnance Factory Project Medak (OFPM) while in its development stage, is a factory owned by Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, a company that manufactures armoured vehicles and was one of the 41 Indian ordnance factories under the erstwhile Ordnance Factories Board of the Ministry of Defence, controlled by Government of India.

Armoured Vehicles Nigam
Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVANI) (transl. Armoured Vehicles Corporation Limited) is an Indian public sector defence company, headquartered in Avadi, Chennai. It was established in 2021 as part of the restructuring of the Ordnance Factory Board into seven Public Sector Undertakings. It manufactures Armoured fighting vehicles, Main battle tanks, Military vehicles and their engines for the Indian Armed Forces.
Sundial, Taganrog
The Sundial (Russian: Солнечные часы) in Taganrog was set in 1833. It is situated in Grecheskaya Street, close to the Depaldo Stairs. It is officially declared an object of cultural heritage of Russia of Regional significance.

Taganrog
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population: 245,120 (2021 census); 257,681 (2010 census); 281,947 (2002 census); 291,622 (1989 Soviet census).

Located at the site of an ancient Greek and medieval Italian colony, modern Taganrog was founded in 1698. Contested by various factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital in 1918.
Källén–Lehmann spectral representation
The Källén–Lehmann spectral representation, or simply Lehmann representation, gives a general expression for the (time ordered) two-point function of an interacting quantum field theory as a sum of free propagators. It was discovered by Gunnar Källén in 1952, and independently by Harry Lehmann in 1954. This can be written as, using the mostly-minus metric signature,

where  is the spectral density function that should be positive definite. In a gauge theory, this latter condition cannot be granted but nevertheless a spectral representation can be provided. This belongs to non-perturbative techniques of quantum field theory.

Path-ordering
In theoretical physics, path-ordering is the procedure (or a meta-operator ) that orders a product of operators according to the value of a chosen parameter:

Here p is a permutation that orders the parameters by value:

For example:

In many fields of physics, the most common type of path-ordering is time-ordering, which is discussed in detail below.
Bolgrad Glacier
Bolgrad Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Болград, romanized: lednik Bolgrad, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ ˈbɔɫɡrɐt]) is the 7.4 km long and 5.7 km wide glacier on the west side of Owen Ridge in southern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, situated south of Brook Glacier and north of Sirma Glacier.  It drains west-southwestwards from Mount Allen, Mount Liptak and Mount Southwick, and flows south of Krusha Peak to leave the range and join Bender Glacier east of Gilbert Spur.

The glacier is named after the Bulgarian High School of Bolgrad, a major Bulgarian education centre in Ukraine established in 1858.

Brook Glacier
Brook Glacier (78°42′S 85°09′W﻿ / ﻿78.700°S 85.150°W﻿ / -78.700; -85.150) is a glacier that flows westward between Mount Strybing, Mount Allen and Krusha Peak on the west side of Owen Ridge in southern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, and joins Bender Glacier east of Chaplin Peak. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2006) after Edward J. Brook, Professor of Geosciences, Oregon State University; U.S. Antarctic Project investigator of Antarctic paleoclimate in numerous field seasons from 1988; Chair, U.S. National Ice Core Working Group for use of Antarctic ice cores for research purposes, 2004–05.
Scaphiodontophis annulatus
Scaphiodontophis annulatus, commonly known as the Guatemala neckband snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to southern Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. There are four recognized subspecies.

Gabriel Bibron
Gabriel Bibron (20 October 1805 – 27 March 1848) was a French zoologist and herpetologist. He was born in Paris. The son of an employee of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, he had a good foundation in natural history and was hired to collect vertebrates in Italy and Sicily. Under the direction of Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778–1846), he took part in the Morea expedition to Peloponnese.

He classified numerous reptile species with André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), whom he had met in 1832. Duméril was interested mainly in the relations between genera, and he left to Bibron the task of describing the species. Working together they produced the Erpétologie Générale, a comprehensive account of the reptiles, published in ten volumes from 1834 to 1854. Also, Bibron assisted Duméril with teaching duties at the museum and was an instructor at a primary school in Paris.

Bibron contracted tuberculosis and retired in 1845 to Saint-Alban-les-Eaux, where he died aged 42.
Prabhakar function
Prabhakar function is a certain special function in mathematics introduced by the Indian mathematician Tilak Raj Prabhakar in a paper published in 1971. The function is a three-parameter generalization of the well known two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function in mathematics. The function was originally introduced to solve certain classes of integral equations. Later the function was found to have applications in the theory of fractional calculus and also in certain areas of physics.

Special functions
Special functions are particular mathematical functions that have more or less established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications.

The term is defined by consensus, and thus lacks a general formal definition, but the list of mathematical functions contains functions that are commonly accepted as special.
Russo-Spanish War
The Russo-Spanish War was a conflict between the Russian Empire and Spain between 1799 and 1801, part of the wider French Revolutionary Wars. War was formally declared but – despite manoeuvring – no military action occurred.

Levin August von Bennigsen
Levin August Gottlieb Theophil, Graf von Bennigsen (Russian: Левин Август Готлиб Теофиль фон Беннигсен, romanized: Levin Avgust Gotlib Teofil fon Bennigsen), also known as Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen (Russian: Леонтий Леонтьевич Беннигсен; 10 February 1745 – 3 December 1826), was a German general in the service of the Russian Empire. Bennigsen made a name for himself in Russian history as the man who fought Napoleon Bonaparte with distinction at the Battle of Eylau; but, suffering from ill-health, he was then defeated at Friedland several months later. Bennigsen also played a pivotal role in decisively defeating Napoleon in the War of the Sixth Coalition.
2018 Belgian local elections
The Belgian provincial, municipal and district elections of 2018 took place on Sunday 14 October 2018. They are organised by the respective regions:

Brussels with 19 municipalities

Flanders with 5 provinces and 300 (down from 308) municipalities
In the city of Antwerp, elections will also be held for its nine districts

Wallonia with 5 provinces and 262 municipalities
In the German-speaking Community, the elections are organised by that community rather than the Walloon Region

In the municipalities with language facilities of Voeren, Comines-Warneton and the 6 of the Brussels Periphery, the aldermen and members of the OCMW/CPAS council are directly elected.

DéFI
DéFI ([defi] ⓘ), a backronym of Démocrate fédéraliste indépendant ([demɔkʁat fedeʁalist ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃]) is a regionalist and social-liberal political party in Belgium mainly known for defending French-speakers' interests in and near the Brussels region. Founded in 1964, the party is led by Sophie Rohonyi, a former member of the Chamber of Representatives. The party's current name, DéFI or Défi, was adopted in 2016 and is a backronym of Démocrate, Fédéraliste, Indépendant (lit. 'Democratic, Federalist, Independent') meaning "challenge" in French.
Amir Hadžiahmetović
Amir Hadžiahmetović (pronounced [âːmir xadʒiaxmêːtoʋitɕ]; born 8 March 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Championship club Hull City, on loan from Beşiktaş. Born in Denmark, he plays for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Hadžiahmetović started his professional career at Željezničar, before joining Konyaspor in 2016. Seven years later, he moved to Beşiktaş, who loaned him to Rizespor in 2024 and to Hull City in 2025.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hadžiahmetović made his senior international debut in 2020, earning over 30 caps since.

2023–24 Turkish Cup
The 2023–24 Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) was the 62nd season of the tournament. Ziraat Bank was the sponsor of the tournament, thus the sponsored name was Ziraat Turkish Cup. As winners, Beşiktaş qualified for the 2024–25 Europa League play-off round and the 2024 Turkish Super Cup.
Sivananda (yoga teacher)
Sivananda (died 3 May 2025), also known as Swami Sivananda, was an Indian yoga teacher, who claimed to have been born on 8 August 1896 (not verified) in Sylhet District of Bengal Presidency of British India. On 21 March 2022, he was awarded Padma Shri by the Government of India.

Longevity claims
Longevity claims are unsubstantiated cases of asserted human longevity. Those asserting lifespans of 110 years or more are referred to as supercentenarians. Many have either no official verification or are backed only by partial evidence. Cases where longevity has been fully verified, according to modern standards of longevity research, are reflected in an established list of supercentenarians based on the work of organizations such as the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) or Guinness World Records. This article lists living claims greater than that of the oldest living person whose age has been independently verified, British woman Ethel Caterham, aged 116 years, 191 days, and deceased claims greater than that of the oldest person ever whose age has been verified, French woman Jeanne Calment, who died aged 122 years and 164 days. The upper limit for both lists is 130 years.
Popești, Bihor
Popești (Hungarian: Papfalva, Slovak: Popešť) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. One of the largest communes in the county, it is composed of seven villages: Bistra (Sebesújfalu), Budoi (Bodonos), Cuzap (Középes), Popești, Varviz (Várvíz), Vărzari (Füves), and Voivozi (Almaszeg).

The commune is located in the northeastern part of Bihor County, 19 km (12 mi) south of Marghita, 33 km (21 mi) north of Aleșd, and 64 km (40 mi) from the county seat, Oradea. Popești lies in the hydrographic basin of the river Bistra, nestled between the northern branch of the Plopiș Mountains and the Derna foothills.

Aleșd
Aleșd (Romanian pronunciation: [aˈleʃd] ⓘ; Hungarian: Élesd, Slovak: Alešď) is a town in Bihor County, western Romania. It administers three villages: Pădurea Neagră (Feketeerdő), Peștiș (Sólyomkőpestes), and Tinăud (Tinód).
Naples (CDP), Maine
Naples is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Naples in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 428 at the 2010 census.

It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Naples, Maine
Naples is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The population was 3,925 at the 2020 census, and it is home to part of Sebago Lake State Park. Naples is a resort area.
Central Columbia High School
Columbia Central High School is a small, rural public high school in central Pennsylvania that was founded in 1960.  It is commonly known in the area as "Central". The district consists of a high school, middle school, and elementary school operated by the Central Columbia School District. Central Columbia High School is located at 4777 Old Berwick Road, Bloomsburg.

Central Columbia High School students may choose to attend Columbia-Montour Area Vocational-Technical School for training in the trades and service industry. The Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit CSIU16 provides the school with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, speech and visual disability services and professional development for staff and faculty.

Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania
Bloomsburg is a town in and the county seat of Columbia County, Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Wilkes-Barre along the Susquehanna River. As of the 2020 census, Bloomsburg had a population of 12,711.

Bloomsburg is one of two principal communities of the Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Columbia and Montour counties, and had a combined population of 85,562 at the 2010 census.

Bloomsburg is the only incorporated "town" in Pennsylvania. Nonetheless, Bloomsburg operates mostly like a borough, with a council, mayor, fire department, police department and other operations. All other incorporated municipalities in the state are townships, boroughs or cities.
Trebinje-2 Hydroelectric Power Station
Trebinje-2 Hydroelectric Power Station is located on the Trebišnjica River, in the municipality of Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was put into operation in 1981. It is located about 4 km upstream from Trebinje.

Trebinje
Trebinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Требиње, pronounced [trěːbiɲe]) is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the southernmost city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is situated on the banks of the Trebišnjica river in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 31,433 inhabitants. The city's old town quarter, the Walled town of Trebinje, dates to the 18th-century Ottoman period and includes the Arslanagić Bridge on the Trebišnjica River, as of recently also known as Perovića Bridge. The city is one of the region’s popular tourist spots
Puka Rumi
Puka Rumi (Quechua puka red, rumi stone, "red stone", Hispanicized spelling Pucarumi) is a 5,000-metre-high (16,404 ft) mountain in the northern part of the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Acobambilla District, and in the Junín Region, Huancayo Province, Chongos Alto District. Puka Rumi lies southeast of Ñawinqucha.

Chonta mountain range
The Chonta mountain range (possibly from Aymara chunta prolonged, lengthened, Quechua chunta a kind of palm,) lies in the Huancavelica Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 12°37' and 13°07'S and  75°00' and 75°30'W for about 50 km. It is located in the Castrovirreyna Province and in the Huancavelica Province.
Saint Ultan
Ultan was an Irish monk who later became an abbot. He was the brother of Saints Fursey and Foillan. He was a member of Fursey's mission from Ireland to East Anglia in c. 633, and lived there both as a monastic probationary and later alone as an anchorite. In c. 651 he accompanied his brother Foillan to Nivelles in Merovingian Gaul where they continued their monastic life together.

Ecclesiastical History of the English People
The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Latin: Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum), written by Bede in about AD 731, is a history of the Christian Churches in England, and of England generally; its main focus is on the growth of Christianity. It was composed in Latin, and is believed to have been completed in 731 when Bede was approximately 59 years old. It is considered one of the most important original references on Anglo-Saxon history, and according to some scholars has played a key role in the development of an English national identity.
HD 204313 b
HD 204313 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type main sequence star HD 204313, located approximately 155 light years away in the constellation Capricorn. This planet orbits the star at a distance of 3.082 astronomical units and takes 1931 days or 5.29 years to revolve around the star. It has a minimum mass four times that of Jupiter. However the radius is not known since this planet was not detected by the transit method or direct imaging. Instead, this planet was detected by the radial velocity method using the CORALIE Echelle spectrograph mounted on the 1.2 meter Euler Swiss Telescope located at La Silla Observatory in Atacama Desert, Chile on August 11, 2009.

The planet's existence was independently confirmed in 2015, and in 2022 its inclination and true mass were measured via astrometry.

Capricornus
Capricornus is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for "horned goat" or "goat horn" or "having horns like a goat's", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea goat: a mythical creature that is half goat, half fish.

Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Claudius Ptolemy. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♑︎). Under its modern boundaries it is bordered by Aquila, Sagittarius, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, and Aquarius. The constellation is located in an area of sky called the Sea or the Water, consisting of many water-related constellations such as Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus. It is the smallest constellation in the zodiac.
Lingual foramen
The lingual foramen is a small midline opening on the posterior aspect of the symphysis of the mandible, just above the mental spine. The lingual foramen gives passage to a single small artery formed by the union of two branches of the sublingual arteries (each sublingual artery contributing a single branch).

Mental spine
A mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible in the midline. There are usually four mental spines: two superior and two inferior. Collectively they are also known as the genial tubercle, genial apophysis and the Latin name spinae mentalis. The inferior mental spines are the points of origin of the geniohyoid muscle, one of the suprahyoid muscles, and the superior mental spines are the origin of the genioglossus muscle, one of the muscles of the tongue. Mental spines are important landmarks in clinical practice.
Alice Hoogstad
Alice Hoogstad (born 3 October 1957, in Rhoon) is a Dutch illustrator and writer of children's literature, best known for her book Monsterboek (2014) for which she won the Gouden Griffel and the Zilveren Penseel awards in 2015.

A graduate of the Academie van Beeldende Kunsten in Rotterdam, Hoogstad started illustrating children’s books in 1987, and as of 2023, has illustrated over 200 books for children's writers such as Guus Kuijer, Sjoerd Kuyper, and Tjibbe Veldkamp among others. Her works have been exhibited at the Rijksmuseum and at the Museum Kranenburgh.

For Hoogstad's 2022 book De nachtlantaarns van meneer Makkelie, she made fourteen illustrations. Thirteen children's book writers, including Paul van Loon, Sjoerd Kuyper, Dolf Verroen, Bette Westera, Annet Schaap and Jan Paul Schutten, wrote stories for these illustrations.

Paul van Loon
Paul van Loon (born 17 April 1955) is a Dutch author of children's literature. Notable series by van Loon include Dolfje Weerwolfje and De Griezelbus (book series), both of which have been adapted into theatre productions and films. His book Raveleijn was adapted into a television series and an amusement park show in theme park Efteling.
History of unmanned aerial vehicles
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) include both autonomous (capable of operating without human input) drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs). A UAV is capable of controlled, sustained level flight and is powered by a jet, reciprocating, or electric engine. In the twenty-first century, technology reached a point of sophistication that the UAV is now being given a greatly expanded role in many areas of aviation.

A UAV differs from a cruise missile in that a UAV is intended to be recovered after its mission, while a cruise missile impacts its target. A military UAV may carry and fire munitions on board, while a cruise missile is a munition. Loitering munitions are a class of unmanned aircraft intermediate between them.

Sperry Corporation
Sperry Corporation was a major American equipment and electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the 20th century. Sperry ceased to exist in 1986 following a prolonged hostile takeover bid engineered by Burroughs Corporation, which merged the combined operation under the new name Unisys. Some of Sperry's former divisions became part of Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon Technologies, and Northrop Grumman.

The company is best known as the developer of the artificial horizon and a wide variety of other gyroscope-based aviation instruments like autopilots, bombsights, analog ballistics computers and gyro gunsights. In the post-WWII era the company branched out into electronics, both aviation-related, and later, computers.

The company was founded by Elmer Ambrose Sperry.
Grant Wood Cultural District
The Grant Wood Cultural District is a historic district in downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa that was certified in 2010 by the Iowa State Historical Society.

It includes Grant Wood's studio, the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, the Veterans Memorial Building, the U.S. Cellular Center, and numerous other points of interest.

It includes "a natural chain of sites beginning with the Masonic Library and 5 Turner Alley east of the Cedar River, past the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art and new Cedar Rapids Public Library location, Paramount Theatre, Orchestra Iowa, Mays Island and over to the west side of the Cedar River where the proposed Amphitheatre will be located." From 1924 to 1935, Grant Wood's studio was located at 5 Turner Alley.

Grant Wood
Grant DeVolson Wood (February 13, 1891 – February 12, 1942) was an American artist and representative of Regionalism, best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest. He is particularly well known for American Gothic (1930), which has become an iconic example of early 20th-century American art.
Supino
Supino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Rome and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Frosinone.

Supino borders the following municipalities: Carpineto Romano, Ferentino, Frosinone, Giuliano di Roma, Gorga, Maenza, Morolo, Patrica. This small town is located on the slopes of the Monti Lepini, at the foot of Monte Gemma (1457 m) and overlooks the Sacco river valley.

Giuliano di Roma
Giuliano di Roma (Central-Northern Latian: Gigliane) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Rome and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Frosinone.

Blessed Maria Caterina Troiani, a charitable activist, was born here in 1813.