hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tar Sands Blockade
Tar Sands Blockade is a grassroots coalition of affected Texas and Oklahoma people and climate justice organizers who use peaceful and sustained civil disobedience to stop the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline.
Tar Sands Blockade used nonviolent direct action to stop construction of the pipeline throughout East Texas including banner drops, lockdowns, and tree sits.
They are best known for a large scale tree sit outside Winnsboro, Texas.

Naomi Klein attributes the origin of the term Blockadia, which describes a global anti-extractivist movement to the hour-long documentary Blockadia Rising (2013) that Tar Sands Blockade produced to describe the dangers of tar sands extraction and highlight their direct actions.

The group occupied blockades for 86 days in 2012, forcing TransCanada to reroute the pipeline.

Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer
The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer is an aquifer in Texas, United States.

The aquifer supplies water to about 12 million homes in East Texas.

The aquifer's water quality is claimed to be at risk from leaks and spills from the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline by  environmental organizations.  In 2012, the Tar Sands Blockade mounted a campaign of peaceful and sustained civil disobedience justified by the groups claim that they are protecting the water quality of the aquifer by stopping the pipeline.
Radcliffe R. Latimer
Radcliffe R. Latimer (formerly Algobay and Atlantic Trader) is a lake freighter launched in 1978. The vessel is owned by Algoma Central but operated under charter to Canada Steamship Lines from 1994 to 1997. As Algobay, the bulk carrier was involved in a collision with the lake freighter Montrealais in 1980. In 2009 the vessel was rebuilt in China for service in the Caribbean Sea. The vessel is currently in service.

Algoma Central
The Algoma Central Corporation is the result of a reorganization of the Algoma Central Railway in 1990. The company claims assets in excess of $400 million and revenue of $280 million. Corporate headquarters is located in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Cascina Merlata
Cascina Merlata is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy, part of the Zone 8 administrative division of the city. It is adjacent to the Expo 2015 exhibition site and borders the districts of Roserio, Gallaratese and Musocco, as well as the municipality of Pero.

Musocco
Musocco (Lombard: Musòcch [myˈzɔk]) is a district of Milan, located in the north-western outskirts of the city, belonging to Zone 8.

Until 1923 Musocco was an independent comune, to whom also belonged the localities of Boldinasco, Garegnano, Quarto Oggiaro, Roserio and Vialba.

The name comes from the word musa, which means marsh, indicating that the area was crossed by numerous streams and springs which formed overflowing of swamping. The main waterway is the river Pudiga.

In Milan the name "Musocco" is also often referred to the Main Cemetery of Milan.
Ran Ben-Shimon
Ran Ben-Shimon (Hebrew: רן בן-שמעון; born (1970-11-28)28 November 1970) is a former Israeli football player and current manager, who serves as the head-coach of the Israel national team.

As a footballer, he has played as a center-back.

Liga Leumit
The Israeli Liga Leumit (Hebrew: הליגה הלאומית, HaLiga HaLeumit, lit. 'National League') is the second division of the professional Israeli association football (soccer) league system. This second-tier league is placed directly below the Israeli Premier League.
NGC 1527
NGC 1527 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Horologium. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1,178±17 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 56.7 ± 4.1 Mly (17.37 ± 1.27 Mpc). Additionally, 10 non-redshift measurements give a mean distance of 55.87 ± 3.62 Mly (17.130 ± 1.111 Mpc). It was discovered by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on 28 September 1826.

NGC 1527 has a possible active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Wełnowiec-Józefowiec
Wełnowiec-Józefowiec (German: Hohenlohehütte-Josephsdorf) is a district of Katowice. It has an area of 3.15 km2 and in 2007 had 15.924 inhabitants.

The district consists of two historical settlements:

Wełnowiec (German: Hohenlohehütte), first mentioned in the 17th century, initially a hamlet of Bogucice; before 1922 also known as Hohenlohehütte, after a local steel mill;

Józefowiec (German: Josephsdorf), established in 1826 by rev. Józef Beder, a Catholic priest from Chorzów;

Hohenlohehütte in Wełnowiec, a picture from the 19th century

St Joseph church in Józefowiec

Bogucice
Bogucice (German: Bogutschütz) is a district of Katowice, in Poland. It has an area of 2.78 km2 and in 2007 had 16,538 inhabitants.

The most eminent piece of architecture in Bogucice is the neo-Gothic St. Stephen the Martyr's church, which was consecrated in 1894. The oldest cemetery in Katowice, first mentioned in 1598, was located in Bogucice,  but there are no remains from this period today.
Ellingham, Hampshire
Ellingham is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Ellingham, Harbridge and Ibsley, in the New Forest district, in the county of Hampshire, England. It is near Ringwood, west of the New Forest National Park. Ellingham is most famous for the story of Alice Lisle, who was executed by the infamous Judge Jeffreys in 1685, on the charge of harbouring fugitives after the defeat of the Monmouth Rebellion. In 1961 the parish had a population of 595.

New Forest District
New Forest is a local government district in Hampshire, England. Its council is based in Lyndhurst, although the largest town is Totton. The district also includes the towns of Fordingbridge, Lymington, New Milton and Ringwood. The district is named after and covers most of the New Forest National Park, which occupies much of the central part of the district. The main urban areas are around the periphery of the forest. The district has a coastline onto the Solent to the south and Southampton Water to the east.

The neighbouring districts are Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, Dorset, Wiltshire, Test Valley, Southampton and Eastleigh (across Southampton Water). The district also faces the Isle of Wight across the Solent.
Littorina compressa
Littorina compressa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Littorina compressa are native to Western Europe, and have also been found in the North Atlantic sea and in Russia.

Littorina compressa share are extremely similar in appearance to their sibling species Littorina saxatilis and Littorina arcana. The three species have been found to grow together.

Littorina arcana
Littorina arcana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Littorina arcana has a shell largely indistinguishable from Littorina saxatilis. It breeds by laying egg masses, whereas L. saxatilis produces crawl-away young, so the animals can be distinguished by dissection only.
Svarthornbotnen Cirque
Svarthornbotnen Cirque (71°35′S 12°36′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.600°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.600) is a large cirque just northeast of Store Svarthorn Peak in the Mittlere Petermann Range, Wohlthat Mountains in Antarctica.  Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Replotted by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Svarthornbotnen (the black peak cirque).

Wohlthat Mountains
71°35′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.333
Wohlthat Mountains (German: Wohlthatmassiv) is a large group of associated mountain features consisting of the Humboldt Mountains, Petermann Ranges, and the Gruber Mountains, located immediately east of the Orvin Mountains in Fimbulheimen in the central Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat, who as economist and fiscal officer dealt with the organization of the expedition.

The area was reconnoitered and aerially photographed by the 5th Indian Antarctic Expedition (Nov 1985-Mar 1986) with a three-month temporary summer camp established there. The area was revisited by later Indian Antarctic expeditions.
Russet antshrike
The russet antshrike (Thamnistes anabatinus) is a passerine bird in subfamily Myrmornithinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Mexico, every Central American country except El Salvador, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and possibly Peru.

Philip Sclater
Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS (4 November 1829 – 27 June 1913) was an English lawyer and zoologist. In zoology, he was an expert ornithologist, and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years, from 1860 to 1902.
Hinokuma-dera
Hinokuma-dera ruins (檜隈寺, Hinokuma-dera ato) is an archeological site  with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the village of Asuka, Nara, Japan. It was designated as a National Historic Site in 2003. The site is currently occupied by a Shinto shrine, the Omiashi Jinja (於美阿志神社).

Asuka, Nara
Asuka (明日香村, Asuka-mura) is a village located in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2017, the village has an estimated population of 5,681, with 2,170 households, and a population density of 240 inhabitants per square mile (93/km2). The total area is 24.08 km2 (9.30 sq mi).

Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka (飛鳥) palaces were located. There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town.

Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line. Although it's outside Asuka, Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line, Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines. By car, Asuka is on Route 169.
Wila Lluxita (Murillo)
Wila Lluxita (Aymara wila red, blood, lluxi landslide, -ta a suffix, also spelled Wila Llojeta) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,020-metre (16,470 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality, near the border with the Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality. Wila Lluxita lies south-west of the mountain Janq'u K'ark'a.

The river Wila Lluxita (Huila Llojeta) which later is called Sunqu (Zongo) originates south of the mountain. It flows to the east and then north-east.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Criticism of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) is a report on climate change created with the help of a large number of contributors, both scientists and governmental representatives. There has been considerable political controversy over errors found in the report, and there have been calls for review of the process used to formulate the report.

International Council for Science
The International Council for Science (ICSU, after its former name, International Council of Scientific Unions) was an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the advancement of science. Its members were national scientific bodies and international scientific unions.

In 2017, the ICSU comprised 122 multi-disciplinary National Scientific Members, Associates and Observers representing 142 countries and 31 international, disciplinary Scientific Unions. ICSU also had 22 Scientific Associates. In July 2018, ICSU merged with the International Social Science Council (ISSC) to form the International Science Council (ISC) at a constituent general assembly in Paris.
Torch Computers
Torch Computers Ltd was a computer hardware company with origins in a 1982 joint venture between Acorn Computers and Climar Group that led to the development of the Communicator or C-series computer, a system based on the BBC Micro with a Z80 second processor and integral modem, intended as a viewdata terminal.

Establishing itself in Great Shelford, near Cambridge, UK, the company became well known for its computer peripherals for the VIC-20 and BBC Micro. Torch produced an expansion unit originally developed by Arfon Microelectronics for the VIC-20, having acquired Arfon, and several second processor units for the BBC Micro, many with integrated floppy disk or hard disk drives.

Great Shelford
Great Shelford is a village located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) to the south of Cambridge, in Cambridgeshire, in eastern England. In 1850 Great Shelford parish contained 1,900 acres (7.7 km2) bisected by the River Cam. The population in 1841 was 803 people. By 2001, this had grown to 3,949 and by the Census 2011 to 4,233. It was 
described as Britain's twenty-second richest village in 2011.

Great Shelford is twinned with Verneuil-en-Halatte, in the Oise département of France.
Steep Falls, Maine
Steep Falls is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Standish in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,139 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is part of Maine School Administrative District #6, which includes Bonny Eagle Middle and High Schools.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Tatshenshini River
The Tatshenshini River (/ˌtætʃɛnˈʃiːni/; Tlingit Tʼachanshahéeni, Southern Tutchone Shäwshe Chù) is a river in the Canadian boreal forest, in the southwestern Yukon and the northwestern corner of British Columbia. It originates in British Columbia, near Haines Highway. It flows north into Yukon, then it turns west and south before it returns into British Columbia, where it flows through the Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Wilderness Park. There it joins the Alsek River, which then flows into the Pacific Ocean in Alaska, United States. It is popular for wilderness rafting trips.

Haines Highway
The Haines Highway or Haines Cut-Off (and still often called Haines Road) is a highway that connects Haines, Alaska, in the United States, with Haines Junction, Yukon, Canada, passing through the province of British Columbia. It follows the route of the old Dalton Trail from the port of Haines inland for about 180 kilometres (110 miles) to Klukshu, Yukon, and then continues to Haines Junction. The highway is about 244 km (152 mi) long, of which 45 miles (72 km) is in Alaska.

The highway was known as "Yukon Highway 4" until 1978, when it was renumbered "Highway 3". It has no number in British Columbia, but editions of The Milepost up to at least 2004 list it as Highway 4, a number actually in use on Vancouver Island. The Alaska section is part of Alaska Route 7.
Ingleside, New South Wales
Ingleside is a suburb in Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Ingleside is located 28 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council.   Ingleside Heights and Tumbledown Dick are localities in the west of the suburb.

The area is mostly semi-rural properties and bushland with increasing housing developments.

Northern Beaches Council
The Northern Beaches Council is a local government area located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 after the amalgamation of Manly, Pittwater, and Warringah councils.

The Council comprises an area of 254 square kilometres (98 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 263,554, making it the fourth-most populous local government area in New South Wales.

The Mayor of the Northern Beaches Council is Cr. Sue Heins, of the Your Northern Beaches Independent Team, since 16 May 2023.
Battle of Koregaon
The Battle of Koregaon  was fought on 1 January 1818 between the British East India Company and the Peshwa faction of the Maratha Confederacy, at Koregaon Bhima.

A 28,000-strong force led by Peshwa Baji Rao II whilst on their way to attack the company-held Pune, were unexpectedly met by an 800-strong Company force that was on its way to reinforce the British troops in Pune. The Peshwa dispatched around 2,000 soldiers to attack the force which sought entrenchment in Koregaon. Led by Captain Francis Staunton, the Company troops defended their position for nearly 12 hours, before the Peshwa's troops ultimately withdrew, fearing the imminent arrival of a larger British force.

The battle was part of the Third Anglo-Maratha war, a series of battles that culminated in the defeat of the Peshwa rule and subsequent rule of the British East India Company in nearly all of Western, Central and Southern India. There is a "victory pillar" (obelisk) in Koregaon commemorating the battle.

Gosains
Gosains, who are also known as Gossain, Gosine, Gossai, Gosyne, Gosein, Gosavi, and as Goswamis, are Brahmins, Hindu ascetics and religious functionaries of India. They are found chiefly in northern, central and western India, particularly in the Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh regions. They have different histories by place and time.
Emboscada (historical event)
The Emboscada (Portuguese - Ambush) was a palace coup of 6 October 1846, by which queen Maria II deposed the government presided over by Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela, that had been installed on 20 May that year as a result of the Revolution of Maria da Fonte.  By thus dismissing the government of Palmela, that had only come to power 5 months earlier, and replacing it with a Cartista government (described as government of the Cabrais without Cabral) presided over by João Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha, the monarch rekindled the revolt and precipitated the civil war known as the Patuleia.

Cartista
Cartista was a Portuguese ideology which arose after the Portuguese Liberal Revolution of 1820. Members supported the Constitutional Charter of 1826 granted by Peter IV of Portugal, which was an attempt to reduce the conflicts created by the revolution. This was a less radical charter than the Constitution of 1822. Portuguese Chartism was quite different from both European and British Chartism, and was in some ways antithetical, as they believed in a liberal-conservative ideology. A scathing contemporary description defined them as either personal enemies of Dom Miguel, or were simply acting out of self-interest. By 1851, the Chartists successfully carried out a military coup against Costa Cabral. The party became part of a power-sharing agreement with Partido Progressista, which became the basis of the system of "rotativism", where they took turns ruling Portugal.
Tibor Navracsics
Tibor Navracsics (born 13 June 1966) is a Hungarian lawyer and politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade from June to September 2014. He previously served as Minister of Administration and Justice between 2010 and 2014. He is a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party and was the European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport in the Juncker Commission. Since 2022, he has been the Minister of Regional Development of Hungary.

Minister of Justice (Hungary)
The minister of justice of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország igazságügyi minisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Justice. As of 1 August 2023, the justice minister is Bence Tuzson.

The position was called People's Commissar of Justice (Hungarian: igazságügyi népbiztos) during the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, Minister of Justice and Law Enforcement (Hungarian: igazságügyi és rendészeti miniszter) from 2006 to 2010 and Minister of Public Administration and Justice (Hungarian: közigazgatási és igazságügyi miniszter) between 2010 and 2014.
Shamzan-e Hiyet
Shamzan-e Hiyet (Persian: شمزان هيئت, also Romanized as Shamzān-e Hīyet) is a village in Qaleh Ganj Rural District, in the Central District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 470, in 91 families.

Qaleh Ganj Rural District
Qaleh Ganj Rural District (Persian: دهستان قلعه گنج) is in the Central District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shamsabad. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Qaleh Ganj.
Wandong railway station
Wandong railway station is a regional railway station on the Tocumwal line. It serves the town of the same name, in Victoria, Australia. Wandong is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 11 April 1876, with the current station provided in 1990.

Rail directions
Rail directions are used to describe train directions on rail systems. The terms used may be derived from such sources as compass directions, altitude directions, or other directions. These directions are often specific to system, country, or region.
Riyaz Ahmad
Riyaz Ahmad (3 November 1958 – 29 April 2021) was an Indian politician and a member of the Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India. He represented the Pilibhit constituency of Uttar Pradesh and was a member of the Samajwadi Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.