hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited cricket team
The Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited cricket team, sponsored by Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd, played first-class cricket in Pakistan from 2003–04 to 2005–06, competing in the Patron's Trophy.

PTCL
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd., commonly known as PTCL, is the national telecommunication company in Pakistan. PTCL provides telephone and internet services nationwide and is the backbone for the country's telecommunication infrastructure. The corporation manages and operates around 2000 telephone exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed-line network. Data and backbone services such as GSM, HSPA+, CDMA, LTE, broadband internet, IPTV, and wholesale are an increasing part of its business.

Originally a state-owned corporation, the shareholding of PTCL was reduced to 62%, when 26% of shares and control were sold to Etisalat Telecommunications while the remaining 12% to the general public in 2006 under an intensified privatization program under Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. However, the 62% of shares still remain under the management of government-ownership of state-owned corporations of Pakistan.
NGC 3988
NGC 3988 is a compact elliptical galaxy located 304 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It was discovered on April 13, 1831, by astronomer John Herschel. NGC 3988 is a field galaxy, and is part of the Coma Supercluster.

NGC 3988 is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 7.3 × 108 M☉.

Field galaxy
A field galaxy is a galaxy that does not belong to a larger galaxy group or cluster and hence is gravitationally alone.

Roughly 80% of all galaxies located within 5 Mpc (16 Mly) of the Milky Way are in groups or clusters of galaxies. Most low-surface-brightness galaxies are field galaxies. The median Hubble-type of field galaxies is Sb, a type of spiral galaxy.
Aslak Hartberg
Aslak Rakli Hartberg alias Alis (born 1 May 1975 in Oslo, Norway), is a Norwegian rapper and bass player, and was the leading figure in the Norwegian hip hop band Klovner i Kamp. He is the brother of cartoonist Flu Hartberg.

Jon Eberson
Jon Arild Eberson (born 6 January 1953) is a Norwegian jazz guitarist and composer, the son of jazz guitarist Leif Eberson (1925–1970), and the father of keyboardist Marte Maaland Eberson. He was a member of the bands Moose Loose (1973–77), Radka Toneff Quintet (1975–80), and Blow Out (1977–78).
Benjamin G. Lamme
Benjamin Garver Lamme (January 12, 1864 – July 8, 1924) was an American electrical engineer and chief engineer at Westinghouse, where he was responsible for the design of electrical power machines. Lamme created an efficient induction motor from Nikola Tesla's  patents and went on to design the giant Niagara Falls generators and motors and the power plant of the Manhattan Elevated Railway in New York City.

IEEE Edison Medal
The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering, or the electrical arts." It is the oldest medal in this field of engineering.   The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate, and honorarium.  The medal may only be awarded to a new leap/breakthrough in the technological area of science.
Ulcinj Municipality
Ulcinj Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Ulcinj / Општина Улцињ, Albanian: Komuna e Ulqinit) is the southernmost municipality of Montenegro, bordered by Albania to the east, Bar Municipality to the north and Adriatic Sea to the south and the west. It has an area of 255 km², and a population of 19,921 as of the 2011 census. Its seat is the town of Ulcinj.

Bar Municipality
Bar Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Bar, Општина Бар) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. The center is the town of Bar. The municipality is located at the Adriatic coast in southeastern Montenegro. According to the 2011 census, the town proper had 17,649 inhabitants, while the total population of the Bar Municipality was 42,068. The preliminary 2023 census data counted the municipality population at 46,171 inhabitants.
Long Beach Bus
Long Beach Bus is a public transportation system serving Greater Long Beach on the Long Beach Barrier Island of Long Island, New York. The service operates twenty-four hours a day, with six different routes connecting to one another and to Nassau Inter-County Express and Long Island Rail Road at Long Beach station in the city center.

Although Long Beach Bus is designed to complement county bus and commuter rail service, it is run independently by the Long Beach Department of Transportation.

Tourist trolley
A tourist trolley, also called a road trolley, is a bus designed to resemble an old-style streetcar or tram, usually with false clerestory roof. The vehicles are usually fueled by diesel, or sometimes compressed natural gas.

The name refers to the American English usage of the word trolley to mean an electric streetcar. As these vehicles are not actually trolleys, and to avoid confusion with trolley buses,  the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) refers to them as "trolley-replica buses".

The trend of tourist-oriented shuttle or tour buses being made to resemble trolley cars/streetcars is believed to have begun around 1975, in the United States, although rare examples existed earlier.
Provincial League Riders' Championship
The Provincial League Riders Championship was a contest between the top riders (or two riders) with the highest average points total from each speedway club competing in the Provincial League in the United Kingdom. Held in each year that the league existed - between 1960 and 1964. The competition was superseded by the British League Division Two Riders Championship in 1968. The Provincial League had merged with the National League in 1965, to form the British League.

British League Division Two Riders Championship
The British League Division Two Riders Championship was a motorcycle speedway contest between the top riders from each club (with the highest average points) competing in the second tier of British speedway.
FC Stal Kamianske
FC Stal Kamianske (Ukrainian: Сталь Кам'янське) was a professional Ukrainian football club based in Kamianske, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. After being relegated to the Ukrainian First League after the 2017–18 Ukrainian Premier League season, the club re-registered to Bucha and changed its name to PFC Feniks Bucha in June 2018. The club didn't play any game under the new name and was dissolved on 9 July 2018.

The club was sponsored by the Dnieper Metallurgical Combine (DMK) which is a member of the Industrial Union of Donbas (ISD).

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Oliver Bozanic
Oliver John Bozanic (born 8 January 1989) is a former Australian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Bozanic was born in Sydney but started his professional career in England before returning to play for Central Coast Mariners in the A-League. He joined Swiss club Luzern in 2013. After spells with Melbourne Victory, Ventforet Kofu, Melbourne City and Heart of Midlothian, Bozanic returned to the Mariners in 2020.

Described as "versatile and energetic", Bozanic is able to play as an attacking midfielder or in a deeper central role. Bozanic has made seven appearances for the Australia national team, including two at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

2015 FFA Cup
The 2015 FFA Cup was the second season of the FFA Cup (now known as the Australia Cup), the main national soccer knockout cup competition in Australia. 32 teams began competition in the competition proper (from the round of 32), including all 10 A-League teams, the reigning National Premier Leagues Champion (North Eastern MetroStars from South Australia), and 21 Football Federation Australia (FFA) member federation teams determined through individual state-based preliminary rounds. 2015 marks the first season in which teams from all nine FFA member federations participated, with the Northern Territory participating for the first time.

The winner of the FFA Cup, Melbourne Victory, received $50,000 as part of a total prize money pool of $131,000. The defending champions, Adelaide United, were knocked out in the quarter-final stage of the competition.
Constitutions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia has had four constitutions:

1931 Constitution of Ethiopia

1955 Constitution of Ethiopia

1987 Constitution of Ethiopia

1995 Constitution of Ethiopia

A proposed revision of the 1955 constitution was released in 1974, but it had no legal effect, and was soon forgotten in the events of the Ethiopian Revolution.

Until the adoption of the first of these constitutions, the concepts of Ethiopian government had been codified in the Kebra Nagast (which presented the concept that the legitimacy of the Emperor of Ethiopia was based on its asserted descent from king Solomon of ancient Israel), and the Fetha Nagast (a legal code used in Ethiopia at least as early as 1450 to define the rights and responsibilities of the monarch and subjects, as defined by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church).

1955 Constitution of Ethiopia
Emperor Haile Selassie proclaimed a revised constitution in November 1955 of the Ethiopian Empire. The new constitution was intended to improve Ethiopia's international image. While it consolidated the Emperor's absolutist powers, it introduced concepts such as the separation of powers and expanded the role of the Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia. It was abrogated in 1974 with the Ethiopian revolution of that year which resulted in the abolition of the monarchy by the Derg.
Prix du Palais-Royal
The Prix du Palais-Royal is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,400 metres (about 7 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June.

The event is named after the Palais-Royal, a palace and an associated garden located in Paris. The race was established in 1968, and with four exceptions — the 1996 and 2016 runnings at Deauville, the 2017 running at Maisons-Laffitte and the 2020 running at Clairefontaine — it has always taken place at Longchamp. Its distance has remained at 1,400 metres since its creation.

For several years before its launch there was an event titled the Prix Palais Royal at Saint-Cloud. This was named after a racehorse called Palais Royal, the winner of the Cambridgeshire Handicap and runner-up in the St Leger in 1928.

Longchamp Racecourse
The Longchamp Racecourse (French: Hippodrome de Longchamp, pronounced [ipɔdʁom də lɔ̃ʃɑ̃]) is a 57-hectare (140-acre) horse-racing facility located on the Route des Tribunes at the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is used for flat racing and is noted for its variety of interlaced tracks and a famous hill that provides a real challenge to competing thoroughbreds. It has several racetracks varying from 1,000 to 4,000 metres in length, with 46 different starting posts.

The course is home to more than half of the group one races held in France, and it has a capacity of 50,000. The highlight of the calendar is the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Held on the first weekend in October, the event attracts the best horses from around the world.

The leather fashion goods company Longchamp got its name from the facility.
Thorp T-18
The Thorp T-18 is an American, two-place, all-metal, plans-built, homebuilt aircraft designed in 1963 by John Thorp.

The aircraft was originally designed as an open cockpit aircraft, powered by a military surplus Lycoming O-290G ground power unit engine, but evolved into a fully bubble canopied aircraft powered by engines of up to 200 hp (149 kW).

Lycoming O-360
The Lycoming O-360 is a family of four-cylinder, direct-drive, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, piston aircraft engines. Engines in the O-360 series produce between 145 and 225 hp (110 and 170 kW), with the basic O-360 producing 180 hp (130 kW).

The engine family has been installed in thousands of aircraft, including the Cessna 172, Piper Cherokee/Archer, Grumman Tiger, and many home-built types. It has a factory rated time between overhaul (TBO) of 2000 hours or twelve years. O-360 family engines are also widely used in airboats, most notably in the Hurricane Aircats used by the US Army during the Vietnam War.

The first O-360 certified was the A1A model, certified on 20 July 1955 to United States CAR 13 effective March 5, 1952 as amended by 13-1 and 13-2. The Lycoming IO-390 is an O-360 which has had its cylinder bore increased by 3⁄16 inch (4.8 mm), developing 210 hp (160 kW).
2026 ASEAN Championship
The 2026 ASEAN Championship, commonly referred to as ASEAN Hyundai Cup™ 2026 for sponsorship reasons, or simply ASEAN Cup 2026, will be the 16th ASEAN Championship, the biennal international men's football championship of Southeast Asia organised by the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) and will be the 1st edition under the name ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™. The tournament will celebrate as the 30th anniversary of the competition.

The event will be held in July and August on the summer season for the first time, instead of the traditional monsoon season near the year-end.

It remains unclear how the FIFA ASEAN Cup announced in October 2025 would relate to the ASEAN Championship.

Vietnam are the defending champions after winning the 2024 final against Thailand.

Timor-Leste national football team
The Timor-Leste national football team (Portuguese: Seleção Timorense de Futebol) represents Timor-Leste in the senior men's international football. It is organised by the Federação de Futebol de Timor-Leste (FFTL) which is affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF).. They became a member of FIFA on 12 September 2005. The team's traditional home kit is primarily faded red, often paired with black shorts and sometimes accented with yellow trim. Timor-Leste are colloquially known as "Lafaek" also known as 'The Crocodiles', an animal of prominent symbolic nature to the country.

Timor-Leste's international debut was in the preliminary round of the 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualification in March 2003, when they lost 3–2 to Sri Lanka and 3–0 to Chinese Taipei. Timor-Leste won their first international match on 5 October 2012 against Cambodia with a score of 5–1.
Jacob Maentel
Jacob Maentel or Mental (1763–1863) was a German-American folk artist known for his portrayal of 19th-Century America. Maentel is most notable for his watercolor portrait art that minutely portrayed the décor and dress of early American immigrant communities.

Little was known of Maentel's life until American art historian Mary Black reconstructed his life through her scholarship beginning in the 1960s.

William Maclure
William Maclure (27 October 1763 – 23 March 1840) was an Americanized Scottish geologist, cartographer and philanthropist. He is known as the 'father of American geology'. As a social experimenter on new types of community life, he collaborated with British social reformer Robert Owen, (1771–1854), in the utopian settlement of New Harmony in Indiana, United States.

Maclure had a highly successful mercantile career, making a fortune that allowed him to retire in 1797 at the early age of 34 to pursue his scientific, geological and other interests. In 1809 he made the earliest attempt at a geological map of the United States of America.
Rei Wakamatsu
Rei Wakamatsu (Japanese: 若松 怜, Hepburn: Wakamatsu Rei; born 2 March 2006) is a Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle racer who competes in the J-GP3 class of the 2025 All Japan Road Race Championship for JAPAN POST docomo business TP.

He made his Grand Prix debut in the Moto3 World Championship in 2024, acting as a replacement rider for MLav Racing. He is also an Asia Talent Cup graduate, having participated in the 2019, 2021 and 2022 seasons.

All Japan Road Race Championship
The All Japan Road Race Championship (Japanese: 全日本ロードレース選手権, Hepburn: Zen Nihon Rōdo Rēsu Senshuken) is the premiere motorcycle road racing championship in Japan. It is run by the Motorcycle Federation of Japan (MFJ) (日本モーターサイクルスポーツ協会) – the Japanese affiliate of the FIM.
Soft configuration model
In applied mathematics, the soft configuration model (SCM) is a random graph model subject to the principle of maximum entropy under constraints on the expectation of the degree sequence of sampled graphs. Whereas the configuration model (CM) uniformly samples random graphs of a specific degree sequence, the SCM only retains the specified degree sequence on average over all network realizations; in this sense the SCM has very relaxed constraints relative to those of the CM ("soft" rather than "sharp" constraints). The SCM for graphs of size  has a nonzero probability of sampling any graph of size , whereas the CM is restricted to only graphs having precisely the prescribed connectivity structure.

Ensemble (mathematical physics)
In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies (sometimes infinitely many) of a system, considered all at once, each of which represents a possible state that the real system might be in. In other words, a statistical ensemble is a set of systems of particles used in statistical mechanics to describe a single
system. The concept of an ensemble was introduced by J. Willard Gibbs in 1902.

A thermodynamic ensemble is a specific variety of statistical ensemble that, among other properties, is in statistical equilibrium (defined below), and is used to derive the properties of thermodynamic systems from the laws of classical or quantum mechanics.
Dream Police (song)
"Dream Police" is a song written by Rick Nielsen and originally released in 1979 by the American rock band Cheap Trick. It is the first track on the group's album Dream Police.  The single peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100.  Nielsen has stated that the song "is an attempt to take a heavy thought - a quick bit of REM snatched right before waking up - and put into a pop format."  He also stated that "the song was about Big Brother watching you."

Refrain
A refrain (from Vulgar Latin: refringere, "to repeat", through Old French: refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in poetry or in music—the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle, the virelay, and the sestina.

In popular music, the refrain or chorus may contrast with the verse melodically, rhythmically, and harmonically; it may assume a higher level of dynamics and activity, often with added instrumentation. Chorus form, or strophic form, is a sectional and/or additive way of structuring a piece of music based on the repetition of one formal section or block played.
Kapsi
Kapsi is a census town in the Kanker district of Chhattisgarh, India. It is a model town under two schemes of the Government of India, the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana and the Shyama Prasad Mukherjee National Rurban Mission. It is also the headquarters of the Kapsi forest range, the East Kapsi forest subdivision and the Kapsi water resource subdivision. Owing to its sizeable tribal population, it is defined as a Scheduled Area under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India.

Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district
Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district, with district headquarter at Mohla, is one of the four new district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India announced by Bhupesh Baghel on 15 August 2021. It is carved out from existing Rajnandgaon district.
Ffynnon-oer
Ffynnon-oer is a hamlet in the  community of Llanfihangel Ystrad, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 62.6 miles (100.8 km) from Cardiff and 177.4 miles (285.6 km) from London. Ffynnon-oer is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and the Member of Parliament is Ben Lake (Plaid Cymru).

Llanfihangel Ystrad
Llanfihangel Ystrad (Welsh for 'vale of St Michael') is a community and constituent parish in Ceredigion, Wales. It is named after the principal place of worship, St Michael's Church at Ystrad Aeron.

The total population of the community taken at the United Kingdom Census 2011 was 1,430.

Villages within the community include Ystrad Aeron, Felinfach, Dihewyd, Cribyn and Temple Bar.
EML Wambola (M311)
EML Wambola (M311) was a Lindau-class minehunter of the Estonian Navy Mineships Division, formerly the German warship Cuxhaven. The commanding officer of the vessel at some point was Captain Jaanus Antson.

The minehunter Wambola was the first vessel of the Estonian Navy Mineships Division and also the first modernized Lindau-class minehunter. A black keel on a silver background with a golden battle-axe was on the coat of arms of the vessel. The battle-axe is a weapon used by the ancient Estonians which also symbolizes their fighting spirit and strength. The ships motto was the Latin "Ad unquem" which is in English "Onto the nail head". The coat of arms was designed by Priit Herodes. In 2000 a cooperation contract was signed between the Pärnu city council and the minehunter Wambola which gave the vessel a right to wear the Pärnu town coat of arms and to introduce the city in all foreign harbors across the world.

Estonian Mineships Division
The Estonian Mineships Division was the main Estonian Naval Unit and the part of Estonian Navy. The top priority for the Navy is the development of a mine countermeasures capability, as that is also one of the Navy's peacetime responsibilities: during World War I and II more than 80,000 sea mines were laid in the Baltic Sea. Since 1995 a number of mine clearance operations have been carried out in Estonian waters in close co-operation with other navies of the Baltic Sea region in order to find and dispose of ordnance and contribute to safe seagoing. Estonian MCM vessels also participate in NATO naval exercises.
Mongol Armenia
Mongol Armenia or Ilkhanid Armenia refers to the period beginning in the early-to-mid 13th century during which both Zakarid Armenia and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became tributary and vassal to the Mongol Empire and the successor Ilkhanate. Armenia and Cilicia remained under Mongol influence until around 1335.

During the time period of the later Crusades (1250s to 1260s), there was a short-lived Armenian-Mongol alliance, engaged in some combined military operations against their common enemy, the Mamluks. They succeeded in the Siege of Baghdad, but suffered defeat eight years later.

The Armenian calls for a wider Christian-Mongol alliance against Mamluk Islam, advocated notably by Hayton of Corycus, were ignored by the Latin powers in the Levant, leading to the demise of the European Crusader States and the imminent failure of the Crusades as a whole.

Öljaitü
Öljaitü, also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh (24 March 1282 – 16 December 1316), was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz, Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khodabandeh' means 'God's servant' in the Persian language.

He was the son of the Ilkhan ruler Arghun, brother and successor of Mahmud Ghazan (5th successor of Genghis Khan), and great-grandson of the Ilkhanate founder Hulegu Khan.