hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2017 Aegon Surbiton Trophy
The 2017 Aegon Surbiton Trophy is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It is the fourteenth edition of the tournament for the men and the fifteenth edition of the tournament for the women. It is part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total prize money of €127,000 for men and $100,000 for women. It took place in Surbiton, United Kingdom, on 5–11 June 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Kumano Taisha
Kumano Taisha (熊野大社, Kumano-taisha) is a Shinto shrine located in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture. The shrine is dedicated to the god Kaburogi-kumano-okami Kushi-mike-no-mikoto (伊邪那伎日真名子加夫呂伎熊野大神櫛御気野命, "Beloved Child of Izanagi, Divine Ancestor [and] Great Deity of Kumano, Kushimikenu-no-Mikoto'), which is identified with Susanoo-no-Mikoto.

The Kumano Taisha is considered one of the most sacred ichinomiyas in the Izumo Province, along with the  Izumo Grand Shrine. It is not to be confused with the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex in Wakayama Prefecture. It is significant in Japanese culture as the origin of fire in Japan. The shrine is also considered in myth to be where the use of fire originated; two ancient fire-making tools, a hand drill (燧杵 hikiri-kine) and a hearthboard (燧臼 hikiri-usu) are kept in the shrine and used in the shrine's Sankasai Fire Festival (鑚火祭 Kiribi-matsuri or Sanka-sai) held every October.

Kumano shrine
A Kumano shrine (熊野神社, Kumano Jinja) is a type of Shinto shrine that enshrines the three Kumano mountains of the Kii Peninsula: Hongū, Shingū, and Nachi [Kumano Gongen (熊野権現)] There are more than 3,000 Kumano shrines in Japan, and Each of which has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei (分霊) or kanjō (勧請).

The origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex in Wakayama Prefecture, which comprises Kumano Hayatama Taisha (熊野速玉大社) (Shingū, Wakayama), Kumano Hongū Taisha (Tanabe, Wakayama) and Kumano Nachi Taisha (Nachikatsuura, Wakayama Prefecture).
Kingsbury Water Park
Kingsbury Water Park is a country park in north Warwickshire, England, not far from Birmingham and lying on the River Tame. It is owned and managed by Warwickshire County Council. It has fifteen lakes situated in over 600 acres (2.4 km2) of country park. It is renowned for its birdlife, and is popular with birdwatchers. It is bordered on the western edge by the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal.

Birmingham and Fazeley Canal
The Birmingham and Fazeley Canal is a canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations in the West Midlands of England. Its purpose was to provide a link between the Coventry Canal and Birmingham and thereby connect Birmingham to London via the Oxford Canal.
Phaedimus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Phaedimus (Ancient Greek: Φαίδιμος, romanized: Phaídimos, lit. 'radiant') can refer to one of the following people:

Phaedimus, one of the numerous Niobids, the sons and daughters of King Amphion and Queen Niobe of Thebes, killed by Apollo when their mother insulted Leto.

Phaedimus, a king of Sidon, who received Menelaus warmly during his return journey from Troy. He gave Menelaus a cup forged by Hephaestus.

Phaedimus, a descendant of Pentheus, and one of the fifty Thebans who lay an ambush for Tydeus on his return from Thebes and were killed by him.

Phaedimus, son of Spartan Iasus, killed by Amyntas during the war of the Seven against Thebes.

Phaedimus, one of the sacrificial victims of the Minotaur.

Pentheus
In Greek mythology, Pentheus (/ˈpɛnθjuːs/; Ancient Greek: Πενθεύς, romanized: Pentheús) was a king of Thebes. His father was Echion, the wisest of the Spartoi. His mother was Agave, the daughter of Cadmus, the founder of Thebes, and grandson of the goddess Harmonia. His sister was Epeiros and his son was Menoeceus.

Much of what is known about the character comes from the interpretation of the myth in Euripides' tragic play, The Bacchae.
Neoneura carnatica
Neoneura carnatica is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is endemic to Cuba.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Amrita Sher-Gil
Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was a Hungarian–Indian painter. She has been called "one of the greatest avant-garde women artists of the early 20th century" and a pioneer in modern Indian art. Drawn to painting from an early age, Sher-Gil started formal lessons at the age of eight. She first gained recognition at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil painting Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted everyday life of the people in her paintings.

Sher-Gil travelled throughout her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and India, deriving heavily from precolonial Indian art styles as well as contemporary culture. Sher-Gil is considered an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands on a level with that of the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also an avid reader and a pianist. Sher-Gil's paintings are among the most expensive by Indian women painters today, although few acknowledged her work when she was alive.

Karl Jamshed Khandalavala
Karl Jamshed Khandalavala (16 March 1904 – 23 December 1995) was an Indian Parsi art connoisseur, lawyer, and an Indian Air Force officer.  He was a long time trustee and chairman  of the former  Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Mumbai.  He was awarded with Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India, in 1970, for his contribution to arts.  He was also a recipient of Lalit Kala Akademi fellowship in 1980.

As a lawyer, he had famously represented the defense in the case of K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra.
Vancouver's Cairn
Vancouver's Cairn is a cairn located on Point Possession, Vancouver Peninsula, overlooking Princess Royal Harbour approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.

The cairn commemorates the landing of George Vancouver in 1791. Vancouver was sailing to America when he entered and named King George Sound. He stayed a short while before departing to the east.

At the top of a high rocky point, the monument is of freestone and 1.8 metres (6 ft) in height. It was constructed between 1791 and 1972, was classified by the National Trust in 1977, and was placed on the Register of the National Estate in 1980.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
Zahir Alam
Zahir Iqbal Alam (10 April 1970 – 30 May 2012) was an Indian first-class cricketer who played for Assam cricket team from 1988 to 1995. He was born in Gauhati, Assam. He was a prolific right-handed batsman. Alam appeared in 22 first class matches, scored 1,398 runs with an average of 36.78 and his highest score was 257. Lalchand Rajput and Alam held the partnership record. While in Bangalore, his death occurred during 30 May 2012.

Lalchand Rajput
Lalchand Sitaram Rajputpronunciationⓘ; (born 18 December 1961) is an Indian cricket coach and former cricketer. He was appointed head coach of the United Arab Emirates national cricket team in 2024.

Rajput played in two Tests and four ODIs from 1985 to 1987. He took up coaching after the conclusion of his playing career and has also held administrative positions with the Mumbai Cricket Association. He has served as head coach of India (2007–2008), Afghanistan (2016–2017), Zimbabwe (2018–2022) and the United Arab Emirates (2024–present). He was appointed Manager of the Indian team at the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, which he led the team to be the maiden champions of the tournament.
NGC 6440
NGC 6440 is a globular cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It was discovered by German-English astronomer William Herschel on 28 May 1786. With an apparent visual magnitude of 9.3 and an angular diameter of 4.4′, it can be observed as a fuzzy blob when viewed through a small telescope. Its Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is V.

This cluster is located at a distance of 27.1 ± 1.3 kly (8.3 ± 0.4 kpc) from the Sun. It is situated toward the galactic bulge of the Milky Way, about 26 kly (8.0 kpc) from the Galactic Center. The center of the cluster is fairly concentrated, but does not appear to have undergone a core collapse. It has a core radius of 0.85 ly (0.26 pc), and a half-mass radius of 6.6 ly (2.02 pc). Observations suggest it is one of the most metal–rich globular clusters in the galaxy, and it is close to solar metallicity. NGC 6440 is a rich target for Astrophysical X-ray sources. As of 2022, thirteen pulsars have been discovered in NGC 6440.

Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class
The Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is a classification system on a scale of one to twelve using Roman numerals for globular clusters according to their concentration. The most highly concentrated clusters such as M75 are classified as Class I, with successively diminishing concentrations ranging to Class XII, such as Palomar 12. (The class is sometimes given with numbers [Class 1–12] rather than with Roman numerals.)

From 1927 to 1929, Harlow Shapley and Helen Sawyer Hogg began categorizing clusters according to the degree of concentration the system has toward the core using this scale. This became known as the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class.
Quarantania I
Quarantania I is an outdoor sculpture by Louise Bourgeois, installed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston's Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden in the U.S. state of Texas. The bronze sculpture was designed during 1947–1953/1981 and cast in 1984.

Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden
29°43′35.6″N 95°23′26.2″W﻿ / ﻿29.726556°N 95.390611°W﻿ / 29.726556; -95.390611

The Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden is a sculpture garden located at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) in Houston, Texas, United States. Designed by artist and landscape architect Isamu Noguchi, the garden consists of 25 works of the MFAH, including sculptures by Henri Matisse, Alexander Calder, David Smith, Frank Stella, and Louise Bourgeois. There are also sculptures created specifically for the site, including Ellsworth Kelly's Houston Triptych and Tony Cragg's New Forms. The garden also features works by local Texas artists, including Joseph Havel's Exhaling Pearls, Jim Love's Can Johnny Come Out and Play?, and Linda Ridgway's The Dance.
Tyresövallen
Tyresövallen, previous known as Bollmoravallen, is a football stadium in Tyresö, Sweden.  The main tenants of the stadium are the football team Tyresö FF and the American football team Tyresö AFF Royal Crowns.
The stadium holds least 2,700 people.

Tyresö Municipality
Tyresö Municipality (Swedish: Tyresö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden on the coast of the Baltic Sea.

Most of Tyresö Municipality lies within the Stockholm urban area.
Notothenia microlepidota
Notothenia microlepidota, the black cod or small-scaled cod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Pacific waters around New Zealand and Macquarie Island. This species can reach a total length of 70 cm (28 in).  It is a commercially important species.

Sablefish
The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is one of two members of the fish family Anoplopomatidae and the only species in the genus Anoplopoma. In English, common names for it include sable (US), butterfish (US), black cod (US, UK, Canada), blue cod (UK), bluefish (UK), candlefish (UK), coal cod (UK), snowfish (ปลาหิมะ; Thailand), coalfish (Canada), beshow, and skil (Canada), although many of these names also refer to other, unrelated, species. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration accepts only "sablefish" as the acceptable market name in the United States; "black cod" is considered a vernacular (regional) name and should not be used as a statement of identity for this species. The sablefish is found in muddy sea beds in the North Pacific Ocean at depths of 300 to 2,700 m (980 to 8,860 ft) and is commercially important to Japan.
Badayuni
Badayuni or Badauni is an Indian toponymic surname (nisba) for people from Budaun (formerly Badayun and Badaun) in Uttar Pradesh, India. People with this name include:

`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni (c. 1540 – c. 1605), Grand Mufti of India during the Mughal era

Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (1898–1970), Pakistani scholar

Ada Jafri or Ada Badayuni (1924–2015), Pakistani Urdu poet ad writer

Shakeel Badayuni (1916–1970), Indian poet and lyricist

Bekhud Badayuni (1857–1912), Indian Urdu poet

Fani Badayuni (1879–1961), Indian Urdu poet

Zamir Ali Badayuni (1941–2003), Pakistani writer and broadcaster

Nisba (onomastics)
In Arabic names, a nisba (Arabic: نسبة nisbah, "attribution"), also rendered as nesba or nesbat, is an adjective surname indicating the person's place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry, used at the end of the surname. Examples of this suffix included at the end of a surname include: -at (eg: Obeidat), -i (eg: Al Masri), -awi (eg: Badawi) -iyy for males and -iyyah for females,

Nisba, originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali, Hindi and Urdu.

In Persian and Turkish, it is always pronounced and written as nisbat. In Arabic usage, that pronunciation occurs when the word is uttered in its construct state only.
ASV Hollfeld
The ASV Hollfeld is a German association football club from the town of Hollfeld, Bavaria.

The club's greatest success came in 2012 when it qualified for the new northern division of the expanded Bayernliga, the fifth tier of the German football league system, where it played for two seasons until 2014.

Bezirksoberliga Oberfranken
The Bezirksoberliga Oberfranken was the seventh tier of the German football league system in the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk of Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken). Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the sixth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fifth tier.

The league was disbanded at the end of the 2011–12 season, when major changes to the Bavarian football league system were carried out. Above the Bezirksoberligas, the Landesligas were expanded in number from three to five divisions and the Bezirke have two to three regional leagues, the Bezirksligas, as its highest level again, similar to the system in place until 1988.
Holt Rock, Western Australia
Holt Rock is a small town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. It is situated between the towns of Hyden and Varley close to the edge of Lake Hurlstone.

The town is named after the nearby geographical feature that was named by the explorer Frank Hann in 1901. Hann had been on an expedition from Ravensthorpe to Menzies. Hann is thought to have named the rock after the surveyor G.H. Holt who worked in the Lands Department. The townsite was gazetted in 1939.

The rocks serve to provide potable water for the town, with a 1,100-cubic-metre (250,000 imp gal) rock catchment tank built to collect run-off from the rocks.

Economically, the area depends on cropping of cereals, primarily wheat. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.
Bulk bins were established in the town in 1940.

Ravensthorpe, Western Australia
Ravensthorpe is a town 541 km south-east of Perth and 40 km inland from the south coast of Western Australia. It is the seat of government of the Shire of Ravensthorpe. At the 2021 census, Ravensthorpe had a population of 2,085.

In 1848, the area was surveyed by Surveyor General John Septimus Roe who named many of the geographical features nearby, including the Ravensthorpe Range that the town was named after.

There was one of the Western Australian Government Railways isolated branch lines between Hopetoun and Ravensthorpe. This line, the Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe railway line, opened in 1909.

Alluvial gold was discovered at the Phillips River in 1892. At the goldfield a de facto town emerged, known as Phillips River. The government completed construction of a copper and gold smelter about 2 km south east of the town in 1906, used to cast copper and gold ingots.
2015 Tashkent Challenger
The 2015 Tashkent Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. The tournament took place in Tashkent, Uzbekistan between October 12–17, 2015.

Tashkent Challenger
The Tashkent Challenger was a tennis tournament held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from 2008 until 2018. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and was played on outdoor hardcourts.

Between 1997 and 2002, there was a tournament at a level equivalent to what today is the ATP 250 series, played in Tashkent, the Tashkent Open.
Symmorium
Symmorium is an extinct symmoriiform cartilaginous fish from the Devonian and Carboniferous of the United States (Illinois) and Russia. The type species, Symmorium reniforme, was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1893, with other species assigned to the genus having since been reclassified into other genera such as Petalodus. Symmorium bears close similarity in size and appearance to Stethacanthus but lacks the "spine-brush complex" in place of the first dorsal fin. Some paleontologists think that the two forms represented the males and females of related species, while other scientists think they were distinct genera.

Symmoriiformes
Symmoriiformes is an extinct order of cartilaginous fish. Originally named Symmoriida by Zangerl (1981), the name has since been corrected to Symmoriiformes to avoid confusion with a family. The symmoriiform fossils record begins during the late Devonian, and most had become extinct by the start of the Permian, with the genus Dwykaselachus from the Artinskian-Kungurian of South Africa being the latest known uncontroversial occurrence. Teeth described from the Valanginian of France and Austria indicate that members of the family Falcatidae might have survived until the Early Cretaceous; however, it has since been proposed that these teeth more likely belonged to neoselachian sharks.
Röschenschanze
The Röschenschanze is a former schanze in Bad Peterstal-Griesbach in the Black Forest in Southern Germany.

It is located on the L 402, the "Oppenauer Steige", which branches off from the B 500 (Black Forest High Road). Another redoubt which is geographically close to the Röschenschanze is the Schwedenschanze (Zuflucht).

Schwarzwaldhochstraße
The Schwarzwaldhochstraße or Black Forest High Road is the oldest and one of the best known themed drives in Germany. It is a part of the B 500 federal highway and leads over 60 km from Baden-Baden to Freudenstadt.
Hoşab, Gürpınar
Hoşab (also: Hoşap or Xoşabê) is the historical name of a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Gürpınar, Van Province, Turkey. Its present name is Güzelsu. Its population is 1,256 (2022). The Kurdish name (Hoşap) and the Turkish name (Güzelsu) of the village both translate as "beautiful water", referring to the Hoşap River on whose banks the village is sitting. Güzelsu is at a distance of approximately 50 km east of the city of Van.

Gürpınar, Van
Gürpınar (Kurdish: Payizawa/Xawesor, Armenian: Հայոց Ձոր, romanized: Hayots' Dzor) is a municipality and district of Van Province, Turkey. With an area of 4,028 km2 (1,555 sq mi), Gürpınar is the second-largest district of Turkey, after Karaman District. Its population is 31,865 (2022).

The town Gürpınar is located 20 km (12 mi) south of the provincial capital Van.  The district has several places of historical interest. The current mayor is Hayrullah Tanış from the Justice and Development Party (AKP). The current kaymakam Fatih Sayar was appointed in August 2019.
West Nile campaign (October 1980)
In October 1980, Uganda's West Nile Region was the site of a major military campaign, as Uganda Army (UA) remnants invaded from Zaire as well as Sudan and seized several major settlements, followed by a counteroffensive by the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) supported by militias and Tanzanian forces. The campaign resulted in large-scale destruction and massacres of civilians, mostly perpetrated by the UNLA and allied militants, with 1,000 to 30,000 civilians killed and 250,000 displaced. The clashes mark the beginning of the Ugandan Bush War.

Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey
Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey are a married couple and former journalistic duo who reported on the 1979 Uganda–Tanzania War and Central America in the 1980s. They were unsuccessful plaintiffs in Avirgan v. Hull (1986), a civil suit alleging responsibility for the La Penca bombing, which injured Avirgan. Philip Chrimes credits Honey with, "perhaps more than any other journalist, help[ing] to blow the cover on the illegal North-Secord Contra resupply operation". Journalist Ed Hooper described Avirgan and Honey's book War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin as an "outstanding eyewitness account" and an "excellent source" on the Uganda–Tanzania War.

Their son, Jody Avirgan, is also a journalist.
Ardglen Tunnel
The Ardglen Tunnel, also called the Liverpool Range tunnel, is a heritage-listed summit rail tunnel located on the Main North railway between the village of Ardglen and Murrurundi in New South Wales, Australia. The tunnel crosses under the Liverpool Range near its east end, below Nowlands Gap (otherwise known as Murrurundi Gap), the crossing used by the New England Highway, and provides a vital link between Newcastle and Werris Creek. The tunnel was completed in 1877 and is owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity, a state-owned corporation of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Werris Creek
Werris Creek  is a small town in New South Wales, Australia, near Tamworth, in Liverpool Plains Shire. It is north of Quirindi and is at the junction of the Main North railway line to Armidale and Moree. At the 2011 census, Werris Creek had a population of 1,437.