hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Jewish Encyclopedia
The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century. The encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer and the editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly.

The work's scholarship is still highly regarded. The American Jewish Archives deemed it "the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times", and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal said "for events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish encyclopedias written in English."

It was originally published in 12 volumes between 1901 and 1906 by Funk & Wagnalls of New York, and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. It is now in the public domain.

Crawford Howell Toy
Crawford Howell Toy (March 23, 1836 – May 12, 1919), American Hebrew scholar, was born in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated at the University of Virginia in 1856, and studied at the University of Berlin from 1866 to 1868. From 1869 to 1879 he was professor of Hebrew in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (first in Greenville, South Carolina, and after 1877 in Louisville, Kentucky), and in 1880 he became Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Oriental languages at Harvard University, where until 1903 he was also Dexter lecturer on biblical literature.
2014 Thomas & Uber Cup
The 2014 Thomas & Uber Cup was the 28th tournament of the Thomas Cup and 25th tournament of the Uber Cup, the badminton team championships for men and women respectively. It was held on 18–25 May 2014 at the Siri Fort Sports Complex in New Delhi, India. This is the first time India hosted the two cups.

The Thomas Cup final featured two teams not expected to make it there as Japan faced Malaysia. In a back-and-forth contest, Japan came out on top by a score of 3 matches to 2, winning their first Thomas Cup. The Uber Cup final featured the top two teams, China and Japan. Backed by wins from the world's top two singles players, China came out on top by a 3–1 score. It was their 13th title overall.

Japan national badminton team
The Japan national badminton team (Japanese: 日本代表バドミントンチーム) represents Japan in international badminton competitions. The Japanese women's team have won the Uber Cup 6 times, with their most recent being the 2018 Uber Cup. The men's team won their first Thomas Cup title in 2014. The mixed team were runners-up three times at the Sudirman Cup.

The Japanese badminton team has been prestigious in the Olympics, having won a gold medal in the 2016 Summer Olympics and a silver and 2 bronze medals.
Esther 1
Esther 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE. Chapters 1 and 2 form the exposition of the book. This chapter records the royal banquets of the Persian king Ahasuerus until the deposal of queen Vashti.

Susa
Susa (/ˈsuːsə/ SOO-sə) was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran. It represents the current city of Shush, located on the site of ancient Susa. One of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East, Susa served as the capital of Elam and the winter capital of the Achaemenid Empire, and remained a strategic centre during the Parthian and Sasanian periods.
Bruno Gilles
Bruno Gilles (French pronunciation: [bʁyno ʒil]; born 26 December 1960) is a French politician who represented the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Senate from 2008 to 2020. A former member of The Republicans, he joined Horizons in 2021. Gilles previously served as the member of the National Assembly for the 5th constituency of Bouches-du-Rhône from 2002 to 2007.

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Battle of Cameron Dam
The Battle of Cameron Dam was a conflict lasting from 1904–1910 in Sawyer County, Wisconsin, where John F. Dietz had numerous confrontations with law enforcement over the rights of logging companies to pass logs through a dam that was partially on his property. The two most serious shootouts occurred in 1906 and 1910.

Sawyer County, Wisconsin
Sawyer County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, its population was 18,074. Its county seat is Hayward. The county partly overlaps with the reservation of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Parkman–Webster murder case
After Boston businessman George Parkman disappeared in November 1849, his dismembered and partially burned body was found in the laboratory of John Webster, a lecturer at Harvard Medical College; Webster was convicted of Parkman's murder and hanged. Highly publicized because of its gruesome nature and the high social status of Parkman and Webster, the case was one of the earliest in which forensic evidence was used to identify a body.

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
Esko Tommola
Esko Tommola (3 August 1930 – 7 April 2008) was a Finnish newsreader. He presented the MTV3's Ten News with Leena Kaskela between 1981 and 1995. He started his career in the 1960s working with public broadcasting and retired in 1995.

He died on 7 April 2008.

Leena Kaskela
Leena Kaskela (née Rousek; 25 December 1939 in Turku – 2 December 2017 in Helsinki) was a Finnish news reporter on MTV3. She was awarded the Life Academy Award by the Finnish Television Academy in 2014.
Bohm Dialogue
Bohm Dialogue (also known as Bohmian Dialogue or "Dialogue in the Spirit of David Bohm") is a freely flowing group conversation in which participants attempt to reach a common understanding, experiencing everyone's point of view fully, equally and nonjudgmentally. This can lead to new and deeper understanding. The purpose is to solve the communication crises that face society, and indeed the whole of human nature and consciousness. It utilizes a theoretical understanding of the way thoughts relate to universal reality. It is named after physicist David Bohm who originally proposed this form of dialogue.

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Helge Strömbäck
Vice Admiral Helge Hjalmar Immanuel Strömbäck (26 July 1889 – 20 March 1960) was a Swedish Navy officer. He was the Chief of the Naval Staff from 1942 to 1945 and the Chief of the Navy from 1945 to 1953.

Kommendörkapten
Commander (Cdr) (Swedish: Kommendörkapten, Kk) is a senior-grade officer rank in the Swedish Navy, ranking below captain and above lieutenant commander. The rank is equivalent to lieutenant colonel in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and the Swedish Amphibious Corps. Before 1972, the rank of commander was divided into two ranks: commander (kommendörkapten av 1:a graden/klassen) and lieutenant commander (kommendörkapten av 2:a graden/klassen).
2024 Mubadala Citi DC Open
The 2024 Washington Open (called the Mubadala Citi DC Open for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 55th edition of the Washington Open for the men, and the 12th edition for the women. The event was part of the ATP Tour 500 series of the 2024 ATP Tour and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2024 WTA Tour. The Washington Open took place at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C., United States, from 29 July to 4 August 2024 and was played on a hard court manufactured by Har-Tru Sports Coatings.

2024 WTA Tour
The 2024 WTA Tour (branded as the 2024 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and the Summer Olympic Games.
Andrei Ivan
Andrei Virgil Ivan (Romanian pronunciation: [anˈdrej virˈd͡ʒil iˈvan]; born 4 January 1997) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Super League Greece club Panserraikos.

Ivan started out as a senior at Universitatea Craiova in 2014, and three and a half years later earned a €4 million transfer abroad to Russian Premier League side Krasnodar. He did not impose himself in Russia and was loaned for one season to Rapid Wien, before returning to Universitatea Craiova in the summer of 2019.

Ivan registered his senior debut for the Romania national team in November 2015, in a 1–1 exhibition draw with Italy.

2021–22 Liga I
The 2021–22 Liga I (also known as Casa Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons) was the 104th season of the Liga I, the top professional league for Romanian association football clubs. The season started on 15 July 2021 and ended in May 2022. It was the seventh to take place since the play-off/play-out format has been introduced, and CFR Cluj was four-time defending champion.

After the conclusion of the regular season, teams were divided according to their place to enter either the championship play-offs or the relegation play-outs.

The teams ranked 15th and 16th at the end of the play-out tournament were directly relegated, while the 13th and 14th places played a promotion/relegation play-off against 3rd and 4th places from Liga II.
Korea — Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of Certain Paper from Indonesia
Korea — Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of Certain Paper from Indonesia or Korea — Certain Paper or WT/DS312 is a dispute between Indonesia on April 7, 2010 forwarded to the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and South Korea over Indonesian paper imports. South Korea accused Indonesia of "dumping" (pricing below cost) paper export, and forced some Indonesian paper producers to pay a higher tariff. On June 4, 2004 Indonesia requested that South Korea hold bilateral consultations. However, a bilateral consultation on July 7, 2004 failed to reach an agreement.

Dumping (pricing policy)
Dumping, in economics, is a form of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price below the normal price with an injuring effect. The objective of dumping is to increase market share in a foreign market by driving out competition and thereby create a monopoly situation where the exporter will be able to unilaterally dictate price and quality of the product. Trade treaties might include mechanisms to alleviate problems related to dumping, such as countervailing duty penalties and anti-dumping statutes.
Minkhaf I
Minkhaf I was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 4th Dynasty. He was a son of Pharaoh Khufu, half-brother of Pharaoh Djedefre and elder brother of Pharaoh Khafre. His mother may have been Queen Henutsen. Minkhaf had a wife and at least one son, but their names are not known. Minkhaf served as vizier possibly under Khufu or Khafre.

Khafre
Khafre or Chephren (died c. 2532 BC) was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the fourth king of the Fourth Dynasty, during the earlier half of the Old Kingdom period (c. 2700–2200 BC). He was son of the king Khufu, and succeeded his brother Djedefre to the throne.

Khafre's enormous pyramid at Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, is surpassed only by his father's (the Great Pyramid). The Great Sphinx of Giza was also built for him, according to some egyptologists, although this remains unconfirmed. Little is known about Khafre aside from the reports of Herodotus, a Greek historian who wrote 2,000 years later.
Moving Out 2
Moving Out 2 is a 2023 cooperative simulation game developed by SMG Studio and DevM Games and published by Team17. It is a sequel to Moving Out.  Players attempt to move objects across various levels without hitting objections.  It combines elements of strategy, puzzle, and party video games.  Team17 published it for Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.

Cooperative video game
A cooperative video game, often abbreviated as co-op video game, is a video game that allows players to work together as teammates, usually against one or more non-player character opponents (PvE). Co-op games can be played locally using one or multiple input controllers or over a network via local area networks, wide area networks, or the Internet.

Co-op gameplay has gained popularity as controller and networking technology has developed. On PCs, consoles and mobile devices, cooperative games have become increasingly common, and many genres of games—including shooter games, sports games, real-time strategy games, and massively multiplayer online games—include co-op modes.

In 2025, cooperative games (specifically non-MMO games such as Lethal Company, R.E.P.O. and PEAK) gained the derogatory slang term Friendslop, coined alongside the complementary term "Friendfarming".
County and Duchy of Rethel
The County of Rethel (French: Comté de Rethel), promoted to Duchy of Rethel (French: Duché de Rethel) in 1581 and finally the Duchy of Mazarin (French: Duché de Mazarin) after 1659, was a historic county in the French region of Ardennes. Its capital was the city of Rethel. The duchy was abolished due to the French Revolution in 1789.

Counts and dukes of Rethel
The first rulers of Rethel might have governed under the Abbey of Saint-Remi and later independently, before the county passed first to the counts of Nevers, then to the counts of Flanders, and finally to the dukes of Burgundy. In 1405 the county became part of the peerage of France, and in 1581 it was elevated to a duchy. In 1663 it became the Duchy of Mazarin.

The county was active in the crusades. King Baldwin II of Jerusalem was the brother of Count Gervais and Countess Matilda of Rethel, while Beatrice of Rethel married Leo I, Prince of Armenia.
Apollon Smyrnis F.C.
Apollon Smyrnis Football Club (Greek: Απόλλων Σμύρνης) is a professional football club based in Athens, Greece, which competes in the Athens FCA first division.

It is part of GS Apollon Smyrnis (Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος Απόλλων Σμύρνης), a sports society that was founded in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire, by Anatolian Greeks in 1891 and is one of the oldest Hellenic sports clubs. Following the compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey the club was re-established in Athens in 1923 and is also known as Apollon Athens.

Apollon Smyrnis has also departments basketball, volleyball, water polo and other sports.

Karaiskakis Stadium
The Georgios Karaiskakis Stadium (Greek: Στάδιο Γεώργιος Καραϊσκάκης), commonly referred to as the Karaiskakis Stadium (Greek: Στάδιο Καραϊσκάκη, [ˈstaðio karaiˈskaki]), is a football stadium in Piraeus, Attica, Greece, and the home ground of the Piraeus football club Olympiacos. It is named after Georgios Karaiskakis, a military commander and national hero of the Greek War of Independence, who was mortally wounded in the area.

With a capacity of 33,334 it is the largest football-specific stadium and the second largest football stadium in Greece overall.

The stadium hosted the 2023 UEFA Super Cup, since the original venue in Kazan had to be moved due to Russia's suspension from UEFA.
Paul M. Cobbs
Paul M. Cobbs (December 15, 1838-February 21, 1890) was a state legislator in Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1881.  He served as Clerk of the House of Representatives that term. He was a Democrat.

He was born in Somerville, Tennessee to John and Elizabeth W. Cobbs.

He organized a company and served as a captain, major, and lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army. He served as Arkansas Commissioner of State Lands from 1884-1890.

He married twice.

Arkansas Commissioner of State Lands
The Arkansas Commissioner of State Lands is an executive position and constitutional officer within the Arkansas government which has been an elective post since 1874. Land Commissioners are elected to four year terms. The current state Land Commissioner is Republican Tommy Land.
Wilhelm Orbach
Wilhelm Orbach (1894, Offenbach am Main – 1944, Auschwitz) was a German chess master. He was murdered in the Holocaust.

He took 3rd at Oeynhausen 1922 (22nd DSB–Congress, B tourn); took 4th at Frankfurt 1923 (23rd DSB–Congress, B tourn); tied for 3rd-4th at Breslau 1925 (24th DSB–Congress, B tourn); won at Frankfurt am Main 1925 (City championship); took 2nd at Ems 1926 (Quadrangular).

Orbach won at Hyères 1927; took 4th at Homburg 1927 (Efim Bogoljubow won); tied for 4-5th at Giessen 1928 (Richard Réti won); took 11th at Duisburg 1929 (26th DSB–Congress, Carl Ahues won); took 12th at Frankfurt 1930 (Aron Nimzowitsch won); took 6th at Paris (L'Echiquier) 1938 (Baldur Hoenlinger won).

He was murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Aron Nimzowitsch
Aron Nimzowitsch (Latvian: Ārons Nimcovičs; Russian: Аро́н Иса́евич Нимцо́вич, Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich; 7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Russian-born Danish chess player and writer.  In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: My System (1925–1927). Nimzowitsch's seminal work Chess Praxis, originally published in Germany, in 1929, was purchased by a pre-teen and future World Champion Tigran Petrosian and was to have a great influence on his development as a chess player.
Cistanche deserticola
Cistanche deserticola is a holoparasitic member of the plant family Orobanchaceae, commonly known as desert-broomrape.

The plant lacks chlorophyll and obtains its nutrients and water in a parasitic fashion from the black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) and white saxaul (Haloxylon persicum).

Haloxylon persicum
Haloxylon persicum, the white saxaul, is a small tree belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. Its range is Western Asia, including the Palestine region, Egypt, Sinai, Israel, South Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Oman, UAE, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, etc.), and  China (Xinjiang etc.).
History of New Thought
The history of New Thought started in the 1830s, with roots in the United States and England. As a spiritual movement with roots in metaphysical beliefs, New Thought has helped guide a variety of social changes throughout the 19th, 20th, and into the 21st centuries. Psychologist and philosopher William James labelled New Thought "the religion of healthy-mindedness" in his study on religion and science, The Varieties of Religious Experience.

Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)
Charles Sherlock Fillmore (August 22, 1854 – July 5, 1948) was an American religious leader who founded Unity, a church within the New Thought movement, with his wife, Myrtle Page Fillmore, in 1889. He became known as an American mystic for his contributions to spiritual interpretations of Biblical Scripture. Fillmore promoted vegetarianism for three decades of his life.
Carlos H. Mason
Carlos Harris Mason (1873–1955) was one of Atlanta's first furniture store operators. He was president of Mason Furniture Company located at Whitehall and Mitchell Streets downtown. He was director of the First National Bank of Atlanta, and for 14 years was chairman of the Atlanta Police Board, including the period of the Atlanta Ripper murders.

Mason built his mansion in 1922 at what is now 1189 Ponce de Leon Avenue at the southeast corner of Moreland Avenue at the western edge of Druid Hills. It was later used as the headquarters for the Golden Key National Honor Society. It still stands, housing realtors' and attorneys' offices.

Ponce de Leon Avenue
Ponce de Leon Avenue (/ˌpɒns də ˈliːən/ PONSS də LEE-ən), often simply called Ponce, provides a link between Atlanta, Decatur, Clarkston, and Stone Mountain, Georgia. It was named for Ponce de Leon Springs, in turn from explorer Juan Ponce de León, but is not pronounced as in Spanish. Several grand and historic buildings are located on the avenue.
Kebasen railway station
Kebasen Station (KBS) is a class III railway station located in Gambarsari, Kebasen, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

The station sits at an elevation of +16 m (52 ft) amsl. The station is under the subdivision Operation Area V Purwokerto of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero).

Banyumas Regency
Banyumas (Javanese: ꦧꦚꦸꦩꦱ꧀, formerly spelled "Banjoemas") Regency is an inland regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the southwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is the town of Purwokerto, but that town no longer has a central administration and is split over four of the districts within the Regency, with a combined area of 41.65 km2 and a population of 236,162 as of mid-2024. The Regency covers an area of 1,391.15 km2, and had a population of 1,554,527 at the 2010 Census and 1,776,918 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate of the population as of mid-2024 was 1,847,097 (comprising 928,905 males and 918,192 females).

The term Banyumasan is also used as an adjective referring to the culture, language, and peoples of the wider Banyumas area, equivalent to the pre-independence Banyumas Residency. The language of Banyumasan is of Austronesian origin and is usually considered to be a dialect of Javanese.
Linying (singer-songwriter)
Linying (born 1 October 1994) is a Singaporean singer-songwriter. She recently signed on a multi-rights deal with Universal Music Singapore, becoming the first Singapore female artist to do so, and Canadian music label Nettwerk Music Group. She has collaborated with Felix Jaehn and KRONO, and has received special praise from Troye Sivan for her vocals. Linying also collaborated with Sezairi, Shye and Shabir on the National Day Parade 2021 Theme Song, "The Road Ahead", selected for the song's significance in the adversities caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on Singapore.

Sezairi Sezali
Sezairi Sezali is a Singaporean musician and singer-songwriter. Sezairi rose to prominence after winning the third season of Singapore Idol in 2009.

Sezairi signed with major label Sony Music Entertainment in 2015. In 2016, he released his self-titled EP. On 30 January 2020, he released his latest EP Undertones. In 2022, he became the first Singaporean artiste to achieve more than 100 million streams on Spotify.