hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transport in Brighton and Hove
Public transport in Brighton and Hove, a city on the south coast of England, dates back to 1840. Brighton and Hove has a major railway station, an extensive bus service, many taxis, coach services, and it has previously had trolley buses, ferries, trams, auto rickshaws and hydrofoils.

Volk's Electric Railway
Volk's Electric Railway (VER) is a narrow gauge heritage railway that runs along a length of the seafront of the English seaside resort of Brighton. It was built by Magnus Volk, the first section being completed in August 1883, and is the oldest operational electric railway in the world, though it was not the first electric railway to be built. It was preceded by electrification of Miller's line in 1875, Werner von Siemens' 1879 demonstration line in Berlin and by the Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway of 1881, although none of these remain in operation.

Operated as an historical seafront tourist attraction, the railway does not usually run during the winter months, and its service is also liable to occasional suspension due to severe weather or maintenance issues.
Justus Strelow
Justus Strelow (born 30 December 1996) is a German biathlete. He made his Biathlon World Cup debut in 2021 in Östersund. At the Junior World Championships in Osrblie in 2017, he won with team Germany a bronze medal in the relay.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Xu You (Han dynasty)
Xu You (died 204), courtesy name Ziyuan, was an adviser during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served under the warlord Yuan Shao from 191 to 200 and then under the warlord and Grand chancellor of the Han Cao Cao from 200 until he was executed by the latter in 204 during the End of the Han dynasty.

Jizhou (ancient China)
Ji Province, also known by its Chinese name Jizhou, was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China. It is referenced in Chinese historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya and Rites of Zhou. It consisted of lands north of the Yellow River, including the modern province Hebei, and the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
Novorossiysk Fuel Oil Terminal
Novorossiysk Fuel Oil Terminal is an oil terminal located in Novorossiysk, Russia. It is jointly owned by Gunvor and Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port. The terminal in Novorossiysk was commissioned in 2012. The terminal has a capacity of 119,000 cubic metres (4,200,000 cu ft) and a throughput of 5 million tons a year. The terminal in Tuapse consists of three oil handling sites with the total storage capacity of 198,600 cubic metres (7,010,000 cu ft), including 37,000 cubic metres (1,300,000 cu ft) of the own tanks. In the port of Nakhodka, Primorsky Region, it leases tanks of 67,000 cubic metres (2,400,000 cu ft). The company's bunkering facilities in Primorsk Port of Leningrad Oblast have a total capacity of 219,000 cubic metres (7,700,000 cu ft).

Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk (Russian: Новоросси́йск, IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk] ⓘ; Adyghe: ЦӀэмэз, romanized: C̣ămăz) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The port of Novorossiysk is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea. It is one of the cities designated as a Hero City by the Soviet Union. The population is 262,293 (2021 census);
Warheads (candy)
Warheads (formerly Mega Warheads ) is a brand of sour or tart candy manufactured by Impact Confections, located in Janesville, Wisconsin. They are marketed as an 'extreme' candy with an intense sour flavor. They have proven to be very popular, especially with young children; in 1999, Warheads were referred to as a "$40 million brand" (USD).

The candy was invented in Taiwan in 1975 and was first imported to the United States in 1993 by The Foreign Candy Company of Hull, Iowa. Impact Confections acquired the brand in 2004. They are currently manufactured and distributed in the United States by Impact Confections and in Australia by Universal Candy.

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
American Issue Publishing House
The American Issue Publishing Company, incorporated in 1909, was the holding company of the Anti-Saloon League of America. Its printing presses operated 24 hours a day and it employed 200 people in the small town of Westerville, Ohio, where the company had its headquarters. Within the first three years of its existence the publishing house was producing about 250,000,000 (one quarter billion) book pages per month, and the quantity increased yearly. This dwarfed the output of the National Temperance Society and Publishing House, which took over half a century to print one billion pages.

The American Issue Publishing Company played a major role in advancing the interests of the temperance movement. Not only did it publish an enormous quantity of temperance materials, but it also produced some of the most prestigious temperance publications; including The Standard Encyclopedia of the Alcohol Problem, a multi-volume work edited by Ernest Cherrington and published between 1924 and 1930.

National Temperance Society and Publishing House
The National Temperance Society and Publishing House was a publishing house which advocated personal alcohol temperance and a governmental ban on the personal consumption of alcohol. It was based in New York City.
United Gulf Bank
United Gulf Bank (UGB) is a commercial bank located in Manama, Bahrain, founded in 1980.

UGB works under a wholesale banking licence from the Central Bank of Bahrain and is listed on the Bahrain Stock Exchange. From 1988 is a member of the Kuwait Projects Company Holding (KIPCO).

The bank building, UGB Tower, designed by SOM, contains elements of the local architecture and energy saving features for the high-rise office buildings.

Bahrain Bourse
The Bahrain Bourse, also called the Bahrain Stock Exchange (BSE), is the stock exchange of Bahrain. As at 2017, 42 companies were listed on the exchange. The exchange operates from Sunday to Thursday. Three indices track the Bahrain Bourse (BHB): the Bahrain All Share Index, the Dow Jones Bahrain Index and the Estirad Index.

The BSE was established in 1987 by Amiri decree and officially commenced operations on 17 June 1989, with 29 listed companies. It operated as an autonomous institution supervised by an independent Board of Directors, chaired by the Governor of the Central Bank of Bahrain. Bahrain Bourse (BHB) was established as a shareholding company under Law No. 60 of 2010 that replaced the BSE.

The Bahrain Bourse is a member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges.
Mount Baldy Zen Center
Mount Baldy Zen Center (MBZC) is a Rinzai Zen monastery of the Nyorai-nyokyo sect, located in the San Gabriel Mountains of the Angeles National Forest region on 4.5 acres (18,000 m2) and founded in 1971 by Kyozan Joshu Sasaki. The monastery—once a Boy Scout camp—became famous when  musician Leonard Cohen joined the community in 1994. The monastery served as residence for Sasaki, and is the training center for monastics in his lineage. Other centers in Sasaki's network, including Rinzai-ji, offer the opportunity to practice Zen to laypeople in the lineage. Sasaki died in 2014 at the age of 107.

Angeles National Forest
The Angeles National Forest (ANF) of the United States Forest Service is located in the San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelona Mountains, primarily within Los Angeles County in Southern California. The ANF manages a majority of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.

The national forest was established in 1908, incorporating the first San Bernardino National Forest and parts of the former Santa Barbara and San Gabriel National Forests. Angeles National Forest headquarters are located in Arcadia, California.
Basel Institute for Immunology
The Basel Institute for Immunology (BII) was an international research institute devoted to fundamental studies in immunology, located in Basel, Switzerland. Founded in 1969 by F. Hoffmann–La Roche and directed by Niels K. Jerne, it became one of the most influential centres of immunological research in the 20th century.

The institute was renowned for its unique model of flat hierarchy, scientific independence, and corporate funding without commercial constraints. During its thirty-year existence (1970–2001), the BII produced numerous landmark discoveries in modern immunology and trained more than 500 scientists, including several future Nobel Prize winners.

Paul Sacher
Paul Sacher (28 April 1906 – 26 May 1999) was a Swiss conductor, patron and billionaire businessman. At the time of his death, Sacher was the majority shareholder of the Hoffmann-La Roche pharmaceutical company and was considered the third richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$13 billion.

He founded and conducted the Basler Kammerorchester (1926–1987). He commissioned notable works by composers of the 20th century and premiered them with the chamber orchestra. While better known for his interest in new music, he was also devoted to music of the baroque and classical eras. He founded the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, an institute for early music, in 1933.
2013 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2013 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 2013, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. The incumbent Lieutenant Governor, Republican Bill Bolling, had originally planned to run for Governor of Virginia in the 2013 gubernatorial election, but withdrew upon the entry of Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli.

On May 18, 2013, a Republican state convention in Richmond nominated minister and conservative activist E.W. Jackson over six others after four ballots. The Democratic primary on June 11, 2013, was won by State Senator Ralph Northam, who defeated Aneesh Chopra, former Chief Technology Officer of the United States. Northam then defeated Jackson by a wide margin in the general election.

As the Senate of Virginia was evenly split between 20 Democrats and 20 Republicans, the lieutenant gubernatorial election effectively decided which party had control of that chamber.

2012 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 2012 United States Senate election in Virginia took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the 2012 U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Jim Webb retired instead of running for reelection to a second term, and former Democratic governor of Virginia Tim Kaine won the open seat over Republican former senator and governor George Allen. Kaine was unopposed for the Democratic nomination, and the Republicans nominated Allen through a primary on June 12, 2012.  Allen had previously held this seat for one term before narrowly losing reelection to Webb in 2006. This was the first open seat held at this seat since 1988.
Snare Run
Snare Run is a 1.6-mile-long (2.6 km) tributary of the lower reaches of Clover Creek in Pennsylvania in the United States.  Via Clover Creek, its waters flow to the Frankstown Branch Juniata River, the Juniata River itself, the Susquehanna River, and eventually Chesapeake Bay.

Snare Run once contained a reservoir for the borough of Williamsburg - it is no longer used.

Juniata River
The Juniata River (/ˌdʒuːniˈætə/) is an approximately 104 mi (167 km) long tributary of the Susquehanna River in central Pennsylvania. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of French-allied Native American attacks against English colonial settlements during the French and Indian War.

The watershed of the river encompasses an area of approximately 3,400 square miles (8,800 km2), approximately one-eighth of the drainage area of the Susquehanna. Approximately two-thirds of the watershed is forested. It is the second largest tributary of the Susquehanna after the West Branch Susquehanna.
Chamaesphecia oxybeliformis
Chamaesphecia oxybeliformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in the Balkans (Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania), Ukraine, southern Russia, and in West Asia (from Asia Minor to Armenia, and from the Caucasus to northern Iran).

The larvae feed on Marrubium peregrinum and Marrubium vulgare.

Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.: Backcover, 6
Vologes Ridge
Vologes Ridge (Bulgarian: хребет Вологес, ‘Hrebet Vologes’ \'hre-bet 'vo-lo-ges\) is the ice-covered flat-topped ridge extending 5.85 km in east-west direction, 1.55 km wide and rising to 1234 m at its west extremity, situated in central Sleipnir Glacier on Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula.

The feature is named after the Thracian priest and military leader Vologes (1st century BC).

Foyn Coast
The Foyn Coast (66°40′S 64°20′W﻿ / ﻿66.667°S 64.333°W﻿ / -66.667; -64.333) is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Alexander and Cape Northrop. It was discovered in 1893 by a Norwegian expedition under Captain Carl Anton Larsen, who named it for Svend Foyn, a Norwegian whaler of Tønsberg whose invention of the grenade harpoon greatly facilitated modern whaling.
Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β-alanine. Its name comes from the Greek πάντοθεν pantothen, meaning "from everywhere", because pantothenic acid, at least in small amounts, is in almost all foods. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is very rare in humans. In dietary supplements and animal feed, the form commonly used is calcium pantothenate, because chemically it is more stable, and hence makes for longer product shelf-life, than sodium pantothenate and free pantothenic acid.

Dietary Reference Intake
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) of the National Academies (United States). It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs, see below). The DRI values differ from those used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products in the U.S. and Canada, which uses Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs) and Daily Values (%DV) which were based on outdated RDAs from 1968 but were updated as of 2016.
1981 NHL entry draft
The 1981 NHL entry draft was the 19th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec. The National Hockey League (NHL) teams selected 211 players eligible for entry into professional ranks, in the reverse order of the 1980–81 NHL season and playoff standings. This is the list of those players selected.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Chris Chelios, who retired after the 2009–10 season.

1980–81 NHL season
The 1980–81 NHL season was the 64th season of the National Hockey League. The Flames relocated from Atlanta to Calgary. The New York Islanders were the top regular season team and the top playoff team, winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup by defeating the Minnesota North Stars in five games.
Nina Tangnæs Grønvold
Nina Tangnæs Grønvold (born 14 December 1969) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She was a State Secretary in the Ministry of Education, Research and Church Affairs in Stoltenberg's First Cabinet, from 1 June 2001 until later that autumn when the cabinet fell. In September 2012 she was appointed to Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Health and Care Services.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot
The 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment, which was formed in Ireland in 1793 for service in the French Revolutionary Wars. The regiment served in the West Indies, South Africa and the Peninsular War, and after the end of the wars with France spent much of the nineteenth century in colonial garrisons. Among other service, the 83rd fought in the Ceylon Great Rebellion of 1817–18, the Canadian Rebellions of 1837, and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Under the Childers Reforms, the regiment amalgamated with the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Irish Rifles in 1881.

Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
The Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro was a military engagement that took place from 3–5 May 1811 during the Peninsular War. An Anglo-Portuguese Army under Wellington checked an attempt by the French Army of Portugal under Marshal André Masséna to relieve the besieged city of Almeida. The French defeat at Fuentes de Oñoro, in addition to the steadfastness of the allies and the formidable high ground and fortified position held by Wellesley, was further facilitated by the poor cooperation between Masséna and his subordinates. As Wellington stated, if Napoleon had been at Fuentes, "we should have been beat."
2017 African Women's Handball Champions League
The 2017 African Women's Handball Champions League was the 39th edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from October 21–29, 2017 at the salle Bein Khiar, in Hammamet, Tunisia, contested by 8 teams and won by Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto of Angola.

African Women's Handball Champions League
The Africa Women's Handball Championship for Clubs Champions is an annual international women's handball club competition run by the African Handball Confederation. The top club sides from Africa's women's handball leagues are invited to participate in this competition.
Dick Lee
Dick Lee (born Richard Lee Peng Boon; 24 August 1956) is a Singaporean singer-songwriter, playwright and film director. Lee was awarded the Cultural Medallion, Singapore's pinnacle arts award, for music in 2005.

Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay
Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay is a performing arts centre located in the Downtown Core of Singapore near the mouth of the Singapore River. Named after the nearby Esplanade Park, it consists of two rounded structures: one housing a concert hall with about 1,600 seats; and the other a theatre with a capacity of about 2,000 for the performing arts. It is nicknamed "The Durian".
Valentine Yanovna Zhubinskaya
Valentine Yanovna Zhubinskaya (17 May 1926 – 2013) was born in Kharkiv, Ukraine. She was a Ukrainian composer, concertmistress, lecturer, and pianist. Zhubinskaya was the concertmistress at Kharkiv State Theatre until 1948, while studying piano under M. Pilstrom and composition under V. Barabashov at the Kharkiv Conservatory.  She graduated with distinction from the Kharkiv Conservatory in 1949 and did postgraduate studies in Moscow, becoming a lecturer on the piano at Gnessin State Musical College in 1961.

Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts
The Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky is the leading music and drama institution of higher education in Ukraine. The university trains about 900 undergraduates, graduates and postgraduates in music and theatre art. It enjoys Level IV accreditation, which is the highest under Ukraine's national standards, and is licensed to train foreign students.
Stuor Räitavagge
68°01′02″N 18°23′39″E﻿ / ﻿68.017092°N 18.394042°E﻿ / 68.017092; 18.394042

Stuor Räitavagge (Northern Sami: Stuor Reaiddavággi) is a valley in the Kebnekaise massif, in the Kiruna Municipality. It extends from Vistasvagge in the east to Tjäktjapasset in the west, being relatively wide and easy to travel through. There are no roads or marked pathways in it. In the middle of the valley, the Nallo mountain can be seen. The Swedish Tourist Association has a lodge in the base of the Nallo mountain.

Kebnekaise
Kebnekaise (Swedish pronunciation: [kɛbnɛˈkâjsɛ]; from Sami Giebmegáisi or Giebnegáisi, "Cauldron Crest") is the highest mountain in Sweden. The Kebnekaise massif, which is part of the Scandinavian mountain range, has two main peaks. The glaciated southern peak used to be the highest at 2,120 metres (6,960 ft) above sea level, but has shrunk by 24 meters during the last 50 years, making the northern icefree peak at 2,096.8 metres (6,879 ft) the highest. Kebnekaise lies in Swedish Lapland, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of the Arctic Circle and west of Kiruna near the Kungsleden hiking trail between Abisko and Hemavan.
Umama bint Abi al-As
Umāma bint Abī al-ʿĀṣ ibn al-Rabīʿ (Arabic: أُمَامَة بِنْت أَبِي ٱلْعَاص ابْن ٱلرَّبِيْع), was a granddaughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadija, via their daughter Zaynab, and is thus also known as Umāma bint Zaynab (أُمَامَة بِنْت زَیْنَب). Muhammad was her maternal grandfather, and thus she is a member of his Ahl al-Bayt. She is also numbered among the Companions of the Prophet.

Ahl al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت, lit. 'people of the house') refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five.

While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are spiritual successors to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and infallibility. The Twelver Shiʿa also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn. Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard.