hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ngau Tam Mei
Ngau Tam Mei (Chinese: 牛潭尾; lit. 'Ox Pool End'), also known as Yau Tam Mei (攸潭尾), is a suburb located in San Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong near Yuen Long. It is located at the east of Fairview Park, the north of San Tin village and Kai Kung Leng, the northwest of Lam Tsuen Country Park, and also at the northeast of Nam Sang Wai.

The village lies within an area designated under the Northern Metropolis plan announced by Chief Executive John Lee in his third Policy Address.  The plan includes Hong Kong’s third medical school, a university town, and a residential hub covering a total area of 127 hectares. The project has already begun to disrupt traditional ways of life in this part of the northern New Territories.

Fairview Park (Hong Kong)
Fairview Park (Chinese: 錦綉花園; Jyutping: gam2 sau3 faa1 jyun2; Cantonese Yale: gám sau fā yúhn) is a substantial private residential estate in the Yuen Long District in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is unusual in Hong Kong for consisting of freestanding houses, rather than flats.
Frank Ray Perilli
Frank Ray Perilli (August 30, 1925 – March 8, 2018) was an American screenwriter with more than 15 screen credits, and a playwright of four stage plays.  He began his career as a standup comic in the mob-controlled nightclubs of Chicago’s North Side, and made appearances on major television shows of the day such as The Ed Sullivan Show.  His acting career included more than a dozen feature films, some of which he wrote and/or produced.  He was also a comedy writer for Don Rickles, Shecky Greene, and Lenny Bruce, among others, and at times a manager for Greene and Bruce.  His biography, The Candy Butcher by William Karl Thomas, was released in 2016 by Media Maestro-Book Division.

He is known for such films as She Came to the Valley, End of the World, Laserblast, Mansion of the Doomed and Alligator.

Shecky Greene
Shecky Greene (born Fred Sheldon Greenfield; April 8, 1926 – December 31, 2023) was an American comedian and actor. He was known for his nightclub performances in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he became a headliner in the 1950s and 1960s. He appeared in several films, including Tony Rome; History of the World, Part I; and Splash. In television, he guest-starred on such television shows as Love, American Style and Combat!, and later Laverne & Shirley and Mad About You.
Al-Madlaʽah
Al-Madlaʽah (Arabic: المضلعة al-Maḍlaʽah) is a village in Jabal Iyal Yazid District of 'Amran Governorate, Yemen. It is located west of 'Amran at the southern end of Jabal Iyal Yazid, overlooking the al-Bawn plain.

'Amran
ʿAmrān (Arabic: عمران; Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩣𐩧𐩬, romanized: ʿmrn) is a small city in western central Yemen. It is the capital of 'Amran Governorate, and was formerly part of Sana'a Governorate. It is located 52.9 kilometres (32.9 mi) by road northwest of the Yemeni capital of Sana'a, at the upper (southern) end of the al-Bawn plain. According to the 2004 census it had a population of 76,863, and an estimated population of 92,763 in 2013.
2022 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois
The 2022 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Blois, France between 13 and 19 June 2022.

2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Linear-fractional programming
In mathematical optimization, linear-fractional programming (LFP) is a generalization of linear programming (LP). Whereas the objective function in a linear program is a linear function, the objective function in a linear-fractional program is a ratio of two linear functions. A linear program can be regarded as a special case of a linear-fractional program in which the denominator is the constant function 1.

Formally, a linear-fractional program is defined as the problem of maximizing (or minimizing) a ratio of affine functions over a polyhedron,

where  represents the vector of variables to be determined,  and  are vectors of (known) coefficients,  is a (known) matrix of coefficients and  are constants. The constraints have to restrict the feasible region to , i.e. the region on which the denominator is positive. Alternatively, the denominator of the objective function has to be strictly negative in the entire feasible region.

Quasiconvex function
In mathematics, a quasiconvex function is a real-valued function defined on an interval or on a convex subset of a real vector space such that the inverse image of any set of the form  is a convex set. For a function of a single variable, along any stretch of the curve the highest point is one of the endpoints. The negative of a quasiconvex function is said to be quasiconcave.

Quasiconvexity is a more general property than convexity in that all convex functions are also quasiconvex, but not all quasiconvex functions are convex. Univariate unimodal functions are quasiconvex or quasiconcave, however this is not necessarily the case for functions with multiple arguments. For example, the 2-dimensional Rosenbrock function is unimodal but not quasiconvex and functions with star-convex sublevel sets can be unimodal without being quasiconvex.
San Procopio
San Procopio (Calabrian: San Pricopi; Greek: Άγιος Προκόπιος, romanized: Ágios Prokópios) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 592 and an area of 10.7 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi).

San Procopio borders the following municipalities: Cosoleto, Melicuccà, Oppido Mamertina, Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte, Seminara, Sinopoli.

Oppido Mamertina
Oppido Mamertina (Calabrian Greek: Oppidù, Ofidus) is a town and comune of the province of Reggio Calabria in Calabria in southern Italy at about 62 kilometres (39 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria and about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Catanzaro.

It is the seat of the Diocese of Oppido Mamertina.

The municipality includes the following boroughs (frazioni): Castellace, Messignadi, Piminoro, and Tresilico.
Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev
Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev (Russian: Андре́й Андре́евич Андре́ев; 30 October 1895 – 5 December 1971) was a Soviet Communist politician. An Old Bolshevik who rose to power during the rule of Joseph Stalin, he joined the Politburo as a candidate member in 1926 and as a full member in 1932. Andreyev also headed the powerful Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1931, and then again from 1939 until 1952.

In 1952, Andreyev was removed from the Politburo and placed in a largely ceremonial position as a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.

Old Bolsheviks
The Old Bolsheviks (Russian: ста́рый большеви́к, romanized: stary bolshevik), also called the Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard, were members of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party prior to the October Revolution of 1917. Many Old Bolsheviks became leading politicians and bureaucrats in the Soviet Union and the ruling Communist Party. While some died over the years from natural causes, many were removed from power, imprisoned in gulags or executed by the late 1930s, as a result of the Great Purge by Joseph Stalin.
1935 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1935 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 38th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Tullamore entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 6 October 1935 at O'Connor Park in Tullamore, between Tullamore and Clara, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Tullamore won the match by 6–07 to 2–00 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a second championship title in succession.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
Ottomar von Behr
Ottomar von Behr (alternatively spelled as Ottmar; 1810 – 1856) was a meteorologist and naturalist, who became an Adelsverein colonist in Texas. He was the second settler at Sisterdale, Texas, and the person who gave the town its name.

Adelsverein
The Mainzer Adelsverein at Biebrich am Rhein (Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas; "Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas"), better known as the Mainzer Adelsverein (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪntsɐ ˈʔaːdl̩sfɐˌʔaɪn]; "Nobility Society of Mainz"), organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial attempt to establish a new German settlement within the borders of Texas.
Church of St John the Evangelist, Wotton
The Church of St John the Evangelist is an Anglican church in the village of Wotton, in Surrey, England. It is in the benefice of Abinger and Coldharbour and Wotton and Holmbury St Mary, and is in the Diocese of Guildford. The earliest parts of the building date from the mid-11th century, and it contains in the north chapel monuments to John Evelyn and other members of the Evelyn family. It is a Grade I listed building.

Diocese of Guildford
The Diocese of Guildford is a Church of England diocese covering eight and half of the eleven districts in Surrey, much of north-east Hampshire and a parish in Greater London. The cathedral is Guildford Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Guildford. Of the two provinces of the church, it is in the Province of Canterbury.
Abraham Sarmiento
Abraham Florendo Sarmiento Sr. (October 8, 1921 – October 3, 2010) was a Filipino jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1987 to 1991. An active figure in the political opposition against the martial law government of President Ferdinand Marcos, he was appointed to the Court by Marcos' successor,  President Corazon Aquino.

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
An associate justice of the Supreme Court (Filipino: Kasangguning Mahistrado ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman) is one of fifteen members of the Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The chief justice presides over the high court, but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the chief justice is deemed primus inter pares ("first among equals") among the justices.

Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the court. Since then, 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. The most recent woman to be appointed to the high tribunal is Maria Filomena Singh, a former justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines on May 18, 2022.
People's Commissariat
A People's Commissariat (Russian: народный комиссариат, romanized: narodnyy komissariat; narkomat) was a structure in the Soviet state from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry. As a rule, a People's Commissariat was headed by a People's Commissar (Russian: народный комиссар; narkom), which was part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of the appropriate level.

Commissariats were created as central organs of state administration when the Soviet Union was established in the territory of the former Russian Empire.

The number of People's Commissariats changed in accordance with the requirements of the current moment; overall it increased due to the separation of existing ones and the formation of new ones.

People's Commissariat for Labour
The  People's Commissariat for Labour (Russian: Народный комиссариат труда) was established by the Bolsheviks following their seizure of power during the October Revolution. It functioned as a ministry in the new government which was known as Council of the People's Commissars.
2014 WAFL season
The 2014 WAFL season was the 130th season of the various incarnations of the West Australian Football League (WAFL). The season began on 22 March 2014 and concluded on 21 September 2014 with the 2014 WAFL Grand Final. West Perth entered the season as reigning premiers after defeating East Perth by 49 points in the 2013 WAFL Grand Final at Patersons Stadium.

The 2014 season was the first to feature Western Australia’s professional AFL clubs West Coast and Fremantle engage in direct alignments with East Perth and Peel Thunder respectively.

Subiaco were the premiers for the 2014 season, after they defeated favourites East Perth by 16 points at Patersons Stadium.

East Perth Football Club
The East Perth Football Club, nicknamed the Royals, is an Australian rules football club based in Leederville, Western Australia, current playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). Formed in 1902 as the Union Football Club, the club entered the WAFL in 1906, changing its name to East Perth. It won its first premiership in 1919, part of a streak of five consecutive premierships. Overall, the club has won 17 premierships, most recently in 2002. The club is currently based at Leederville Oval, which it shares with the Subiaco Football Club, having previously played home games at Wellington Square (from 1901 to 1909) and Perth Oval (formerly known as Loton Park) from 1910 to 1999.

From 2014 until 2018, East Perth served as the host club for the West Coast Eagles of the Australian Football League, the arrangement saw West Coast's reserves players playing in the WAFL for East Perth.
Outline of software engineering
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:

Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.

The ACM Computing Classification system is a poly-hierarchical ontology that organizes the topics of the field and can be used in semantic web applications and as a de facto standard classification system for the field.   The major section "Software and its Engineering" provides an outline and ontology for software engineering.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Daniel Vandermeulen
Daniel Vandermeulen is a Canadian educator.

He became president of Nunavut Arctic College in 2007.

In August 2012, he was appointed Nunavut's Deputy Minister of Executive and Intergovernmental Affairs, and Secretary to Cabinet.

Previously working in Alberta, he is President Emeritus of Northern Lakes College, and past president of Northern Lakes College (1987-2005).

Northern Lakes College
Northern Lakes College is a publicly funded comprehensive community college in northern Alberta, Canada.

Administrative offices are located in Slave Lake and Grouard, Alberta, with a staff of more than 275 working in more than 25 community campuses. The college connects students from throughout the region with the latest in real-time teaching and learning technology to create manageable class cohorts.

The college is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network.
Elchingen Abbey
Elchingen Abbey (German: Kloster Elchingen, Reichsabtei Elchingen) was a Benedictine monastery in Oberelchingen (in Elchingen) in Bavaria, Germany, in the diocese of Augsburg.

For much of its history, Elchingen was one of the 40-odd self-ruling imperial abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire and, as such, was a virtually independent state that contained several villages aside from the monastery itself. At the time of its secularisation in 1802, the abbey covered 112 square kilometers and had 4000-4200 subjects.

Elchingen
Elchingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɛlçɪŋən]) is a municipality about 7 km east of Ulm–Neu-Ulm in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria, Germany.

Municipality parts:

Thalfingen: 4 211 residents, 8.83 km²

Oberelchingen: 3 024 residents, 7.31 km²

Unterelchingen: 2 863 residents, 8.76 km²
1976–77 OMJHL season
The 1976–77 OMJHL season was the third season of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League (OMJHL). The St. Catharines Black Hawks moved to Niagara Falls, Ontario, becoming the Flyers. Their owner Hap Emms using the name of his former team. The Hamilton Fincups then moved to the vacant Jack Gatecliff Arena in St. Catharines, Ontario after the ice-making machine at the ancient Hamilton Forum broke down irreparably a month before the season began. Twelve teams each played 66 games. The Ottawa 67's won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the London Knights.

London Knights
The London Knights are a junior ice hockey team from London, Ontario, Canada, playing in the Ontario Hockey League, one of the leagues of the Canadian Hockey League. The Knights started out in 1965 as the London Nationals but changed to their current name in 1968. The Knights have won three Memorial Cup championships.
Utawarerumono: Mask of Truth
Utawarerumono: Mask of Truth is a Japanese tactical role-playing visual novel developed by Aquaplus, which first released in September 2016 for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita. Utawarerumono: Mask of Truth is the third game in the Utawarerumono series.

An English version was published on September 5, 2017, by Atlus USA in North America and by Deep Silver in Europe. An anime adaptation of the game made by White Fox premiered in July 2022.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Ajj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu
Ajj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu (Punjabi: اَج آکھاں وارث شاہ نُوں, ਅੱਜ ਆਖਾਂ ਵਾਰਸ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਨੂੰ, romanized: Ajj ākhāṁ Vāris Śāh nūṁ; transl. 'Today, I Say Unto Waris Shah' or 'Today, I Invoke Waris Shah') is a Punjabi-language poetic dirge by Punjabi author Amrita Pritam about the horrors of Punjab's partition during the 1947 partition of India. The poem is addressed to the 18th-century Punjabi poet Waris Shah, who wrote the most popular version of the Punjabi romance tragedy, Heer Ranjha. It appeals to Waris Shah to arise from his grave, record the Punjab's tragedy and turn over a new page in Punjab's history.

Heer Ranjha
Heer Ranjha (Punjabi: [ɦiɾ ɾaːnd͡ʒ(ʱ)aː]) is a classical Punjabi folk tragedy with many historic poetic narrations; the first one was penned by Damodar Gulati in 1600s, based on a preexisting oral legend; and the most famous one, Heer, written by Waris Shah in 1766, in the form of an epic. Set in Takht Hazara and Tilla Jogian, it follows the story of love, forced separation, and eventual simultaneous demise of two youths in the Punjabi countryside.

It is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal and Sassi Punnun.
Chess World Cup 2015
The Chess World Cup 2015 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 10 September to 5 October 2015.

Sergey Karjakin won the competition on tie-breaks after a four-game final against Peter Svidler. Both finalists qualified for the 2016 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2013, Vladimir Kramnik, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the third round.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Gmina Celestynów
Gmina Celestynów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Celestynów, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Otwock and 33 km (21 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 88.92 square kilometres (34.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,032.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masovian Landscape Park.

Otwock County
Otwock County (Polish: powiat otwocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Otwock, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Józefów, lying 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Otwock, and Karczew, 4 km (2 mi) south of Otwock.

The county covers an area of 615.09 square kilometres (237.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 124,241, out of which the population of Otwock is 44,827, that of Józefów is 20,698, that of Karczew is 9,856, and the rural population is 48,860.
2016 Bodo bombings
The 2016 Bodo bombings occurred on 25 January 2016, when four attackers suspectedly affiliated with the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram, executed a quadruple suicide bombing. The attack occurred in Bodo, Far North Region, Cameroon. It killed upwards of 25-35 people and injured upwards of 65-86 others. Two female teenagers allegedly set off explosives hidden in sacks of grain in the village's market and two other female teenagers struck the town's entry and exit points. The attack was one of the deadliest in the Far North Region since 2013.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.