hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derna Stadium
Derna Stadium (Arabic: ملعب درنة) is a multi-use stadium in Derna, Libya. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Darnes and Afriqi. The stadium has a seating capacity of 7,000 people.

The stadium sustained severe damage from floods caused by Storm Daniel in 2023.

Darnes SC
Darnes Sports Club (Arabic: نادي دارنس) is a Libyan football club based in Derna, Libya. The team once reached second in the 1965–1966 Libyan Premier League season, by winning 2–1 in Derna, but lost the 2nd leg in Tripoli 2–0 against Ittihad Tripoli. The Clubs Football Activities have been suspended until the 2024/25 season by the Libyan Football Federation due to Storm Daniel, the team will retain its place in the Libyan Premier League that season.
Gavaudan
Gavaudan (fl. c. 1195 – 1215, known in 1212–1213) was a troubadour and hired soldier (soudadier) at the courts of both Raymond V and Raymond VI of Toulouse and later on in Castile. He was from Gévaudan, as his name (probably a nickname) implies. He wrote moralising lyrics, either religious or political, and ten of his works survive, including five sirventes, two pastorelas, one canso, one planh for an anonymous domna (lady), and one Crusade song. He is sometimes clumped in a primitive Marcabrunian "school" of poetry alongside Bernart Marti, Bernart de Venzac, and Peire d'Alvernhe. He developed a hermetic style, combining elements of the trobar ric and trobar clus.

Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse
Raymond VI (Occitan: Ramon; 27 October 1156 – 2 August 1222) was Count of Toulouse and Marquis of Provence from 1194 to 1222. He was also  Count of Melgueil (as Raymond IV) from 1173 to 1190. Raymond's conflicts with Pope Innocent III over his tolerance of the Cathars led into his excommunication and the beginning of the Albigensian Crusade.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Ta'i
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Ta'i (Arabic: أحمد بن محمد الطائي‎; died August 31, 894) was an administrative official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He held various military and financial posts in Iraq and Arabia in the late ninth century, during the caliphates of al-Mu'tamid (r. 870–892) and al-Mu'tadid (r. 892–902).

Al-Mu'tamid
Abu’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muʿtamid ʿalā’Llāh (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن جعفر; c. 842 – 14 October 892), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtamid ʿalā 'llāh (المعتمد على الله, 'Dependent on God'), was the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 870 to 892. His reign marks the end of the "Anarchy at Samarra" and the start of the Abbasid restoration, but he was largely a ruler in name only. Power was held by his brother al-Muwaffaq, who held the loyalty of the military. Al-Mu'tamid's authority was circumscribed further after a failed attempt to flee to the domains controlled by Ahmad ibn Tulun in late 882, and he was placed under house arrest by his brother. In 891, when al-Muwaffaq died, loyalists attempted to restore power to the Caliph, but were quickly overcome by al-Muwaffaq's son al-Mu'tadid, who assumed his father's powers. When al-Mu'tamid died in 892, al-Mu'tadid succeeded him as caliph.
Dondoli Mosque
The Dondoli Mosque is a mosque located in the village of Dondoli in Wa in the Upper West region in Ghana. Built in the 19th century in the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style, the mosque is in partial ruins.

Sudano-Sahelian architecture
Sudano-Sahelian architecture refers to a range of similar indigenous architectural styles common to the African peoples of the Sahel and Sudanian grassland (geographical) regions of West Africa, south of the Sahara, but north of the fertile forest regions of the coast.

This style is characterized by the use of mudbricks and adobe plaster, with large wooden-log support beams that jut out from the wall face for large buildings such as mosques or palaces. These beams also act as scaffolding for reworking, which is done at regular intervals, and involves the local community.
Obedjiwan
Obedjiwan (officially designated as Obedjiwan 28) is a First Nations reserve and village on the north shore of Gouin Reservoir in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. It belongs to the Atikamekw of Opitciwan band of the Atikamekw Nation.

Chibougamau
Chibougamau (French pronunciation: [ʃibuɡamo]) is the largest town in Nord-du-Québec, central Quebec, Canada. Located on Lake Gilman, it has a population of 7,233 people (2021 Canadian census). Chibougamau is surrounded by, but not part of, the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay. Chibougamau means "gathering place" in the Cree language.

Its remoteness from Lac Saint-Jean (over 200 km (120 mi) south-east) and Abitibi-Témiscamingue (over 250 km (160 mi) south-west) areas causes Chibougamau to provide services for a few smaller communities surrounding it (Mistissini, Oujé-Bougoumou, and Chapais) and for the regional resource-based industries. Despite Chibougamau's remoteness, it is only about as far north as Winnipeg and is south of any part of the mainland of England.

Access to the town is by Route 167 from Lac Saint-Jean and by Route 113 from Lebel-sur-Quévillon. Chibougamau/Chapais Airport is along Route 113, about halfway to Chapais.
Same-sex marriage in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha since 2017. An ordinance to open marriage to same-sex couples in Saint Helena was passed by the Legislative Council in a 9–2 vote on 19 December 2017. It went into force the following day, and the first same-sex marriage was performed on 31 December 2018. Same-sex couples have also been able to marry in Ascension Island since 1 January 2017 and in Tristan da Cunha since 4 August 2017.

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha was the eighth British Overseas Territory to legalise same-sex marriage territorywide, following South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Akrotiri and Dhekelia, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the Pitcairn Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands.

Same-sex marriage in the British Antarctic Territory
Same-sex marriage has been legal in the British Antarctic Territory since 13 October 2016. A new marriage ordinance bringing territorial legislation in line with the law in force in England and Wales was proclaimed by Commissioner Peter Hayes on 13 October, legalising marriage by same-sex couples.

The British Antarctic Territory was the fifth British Overseas Territory to legalise same-sex marriage after South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,  Akrotiri and Dhekelia, the British Indian Ocean Territory and the Pitcairn Islands.
Gothic-arch barn
A Gothic-arched roof barn or Gothic-arch barn or Gothic barn or rainbow arch is a barn whose profile is in the ogival shape of a Gothic arch.  These became economically feasible when arch members could be formed by a lamination process. The distinctive roofline features a center peak as in a gable roof, but with symmetrical curved rafters instead of straight ones. The roof could extend to the ground making the roof and walls a complete arch, or be built as an arched roof on top of traditionally framed walls.

Baler
A baler, or hay baler, is a piece of farm machinery used to compress a cut and raked crop (such as hay, cotton, flax straw, salt marsh hay, or silage) into compact bales that are easy to handle, transport, and store. Often, bales are configured to dry and preserve some intrinsic (e.g. the nutritional) value of the plants bundled. Different types of balers are commonly used, each producing a different type of bale – rectangular or cylindrical, of various sizes, bound with twine, strapping,  netting, or wire.

Industrial balers are also used in material recycling facilities, primarily for baling metal, plastic, or paper for transport.
Cries in the Night
Cries in the Night, more popularly released as Funeral Home, is a 1980 Canadian slasher film directed by William Fruet and starring Lesleh Donaldson, Kay Hawtrey, Jack Van Evera, Alf Humphreys, and Harvey Atkin. The plot follows a teenager spending the summer at her grandmother's inn—formerly a funeral home—where guests begin to disappear.

Briefly released in eastern Canada in 1980, the film premiered in the United States and was re-released in its native Canada under the alternative title Funeral Home in the summer of 1982. It received mixed reviews from critics, with several noting it as starkly redolent of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960).

John Kenneth Muir
John Kenneth Muir (born December 3, 1969) is an American media historian, critic and speculative fiction author. He has written more than 35 reference books in the fields of film and television, with a particular focus on the horror and science fiction genres. He is Department Chair for Humanities and Social Sciences at South Piedmont Community College, North Carolina.
Aluminé (town)
Aluminé is a second class municipality and the capital city of Aluminé Department located in the west-central part of the Neuquén Province, Argentina. With an economy based on animal husbandry, forest exploitation and tourism, it serves as a service center for the nearby rural areas.

Located near the Andes, the town benefits from mountainous landscapes featuring clearwater lakes, streams and typical local vegetation, including the official provincial tree Araucaria araucana, coihue and mallín. It is a popular destination for a variety of outdoor activities, such as trekking, sport-fishing and rafting.

Neuquén
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]; Mapudungun: Nehuenken) is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén and of the Confluencia Department within that province, located in the extreme east of the province. It occupies a strip of land west of the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers which form the Río Negro, making it part of the ecoregion of Alto Valle del Río Negro. The city had 287,787 inhabitants, and the surrounding Neuquén – Plottier – Cipolletti conurbation had a population of more than 500,000 at the 2022 Census, making it the largest urban agglomeration in Patagonia.

Founded in 1904, it is the newest provincial capital city in Argentina.
Newtowngore
Newtowngore or Newtown Gore, known before the Plantations of Ireland as Ducarrick (Irish: An Dúcharraig, meaning 'the black rock'), is a village on the R199 regional road in the south-east of County Leitrim. The village is in the north of the parish of Carrigallen.

Carrigallen
Carrigallen (Irish: Carraig Álainn, meaning 'beautiful rock') is a small village in County Leitrim, Ireland. It is on the R201 and R203 roads in the east of the county, 19 km west of Cavan town. As of 2016, the village had a population of 387. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.
Museums and Digital Culture
Museums and Digital Culture (2019) is an interdisciplinary book about developments in digital culture with respect to museums. It is edited by Tula Giannini and Jonathan P. Bowen, who are also the authors of 12 chapters. The book is part of the Springer Series on Cultural Computing, edited by Ernest Edmonds. The book was launched at the EVA London 2019 Conference.

Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and fine arts.
Geography of Rwanda
Rwanda is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the eastern-central part of Africa, lying a few degrees south of the Equator in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa. It is bordered by Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, Burundi to the south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. The country’s terrain consists largely of rolling hills, high mountains, and numerous lakes, with Kigali, the capital and largest city, situated near its geographic centre.

Known as the "Land of a Thousand Hills", Rwanda’s high elevation gives it a temperate tropical highland climate. Its location within the Great Rift Valley contributes to a diverse landscape that includes volcanoes, savannas, and freshwater lakes.

Ruzizi River
The Ruzizi (also sometimes spelled Rusizi, French: Rivière Ruzizi; Dutch: Ruzizi Rivier) is a river, 117 kilometres (73 mi) long, that flows from Lake Kivu to Lake Tanganyika in Central Africa, descending from about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) to about 770 metres (2,530 ft) above sea level over its length. The steepest gradients occur over the first 40 kilometres (25 mi), where hydroelectric dams have been built. Further downstream, the Ruzizi Plain, the floor of the Western Rift Valley, has gentle hills, and the river flows into Lake Tanganyika through a delta, with one or two small channels splitting off from the main channel.

The Ruzizi is a young river, formed about 10,000 years ago when volcanism associated with continental rifting created the Virunga Mountains. The mountains blocked Lake Kivu's former outlet to the drainage basin of the Nile and instead forced the lake overflow south down the Ruzizi and the drainage basin of the Congo.
CB military symbol
Chemical, biological (CB) — and sometimes radiological — warfare agents were assigned what is termed a military symbol by the U.S. military until the American chemical and biological weapons programs were terminated (in 1990 and 1969, respectively).  Military symbols applied to the CB agent fill, and not to the entire weapon. A chemical or biological weapon designation would be, for example, "Aero-14/B", which could be filled with GB, VX, TGB, or with a biological modification kit – OU, NU, UL, etc. A CB weapon is an integrated device of (1) agent, (2) dissemination means, and (3) delivery system.

Military symbols can sometimes reflect the name of where a chemical agent is manufactured.  For example, chloropicrin has the symbol PS, which was derived from the British town in which it was manufactured during the First World War: Port Sunlight.

Sarin
Sarin (NATO designation GB short for G-series, B) is an extremely toxic organophosphorus compound that has been often used as a chemical weapon due to its extreme potency as a nerve agent.

Sarin is a volatile, colorless and odorless liquid. Exposure can be lethal even at very low concentrations, and death can occur within one to ten minutes after direct inhalation of a lethal dose due to suffocation from respiratory paralysis, unless antidotes are quickly administered. People who absorb a non-lethal dose and do not receive immediate medical treatment may suffer permanent neurological damage.

Sarin is widely considered a weapon of mass destruction. Production and stockpiling of sarin was outlawed as of April 1997 by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993, and it is classified as a Schedule 1 substance.
Petar Đurković
Petar Đurković (Петар Ђурковић, 1908–1981) was a Serbian astronomer known for discovering two asteroids in 1936 and 1940, respectively. One is named for the Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković, the other for Zvezdara, the hill in Belgrade where the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory is located.

Asteroid 1555 Dejan, discovered by Fernand Rigaux, was named after Đurković's son (H 137).

Đurković was the director of Belgrade Observatory 1965-1970. He was also president of the Astronomical Society Ruđer Bošković, the oldest astronomical society in the Balkans.

Fernand Rigaux
Fernand Rigaux (1905 – 21 September 1962) was a Belgian astronomer and observer of variable stars, minor planets and comets at the Royal Observatory at Uccle, Belgium.

In 1951, he co-discovered the periodic comet 49P/Arend-Rigaux with his colleague Sylvain Arend. He is also credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 8 asteroids between 1933 and 1941.

The asteroid 19911 Rigaux, discovered by himself at Uccle in 1933, was named in his memory. Naming citation was published on 25 December 2015 (M.P.C. 97568).
Yenbek Almaty
Yenbek Almaty (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Енбек Алматы, Kazakh: Еңбек Алматы хоккей клубы, Eńbek Almaty hokkeı klýby) was a Soviet and Kazakh ice hockey team in Almaty, Kazakhstan. They were active from 1965 to 1985 and from 1999 to 2009.

2002–03 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship
The 2002–03 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship was the 11th season of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. Seven teams participated in the league, and Kazzinc-Torpedo won the championship.
Hanley (Saskatchewan electoral district)
Hanley is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, centred on the town of Hanley. This district was created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908. The riding was dissolved and combined with the Arm River, Rosthern, Kinistino, Saskatoon Buena Vista, Saskatoon Eastview, Saskatoon Sutherland and Biggar districts before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975.

It is now part of the constituencies of Arm River-Watrous, Rosetown-Elrose, and Saskatoon Southeast.

Kinistino (Saskatchewan provincial electoral district)
Kinistino was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in north-central Saskatchewan, it was centred on the town of Kinistino. This constituency was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905.

Dissolved and combined with the Melfort riding in 1971, the district was reconstituted before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975. It was dissolved again in 1995 into Saskatchewan Rivers, Melfort-Tisdale, Humboldt and a small part to Prince Albert Carlton.

It is now part of the constituencies of Batoche, Melfort, and Saskatchewan Rivers.
Thirroul Butchers
The Thirroul Butchers are an Australian rugby league football team based in Thirroul, a coastal town and suburb of Wollongong. The club was formed in 1913 and entered the Illawarra Rugby League, where it still competes today.

Country Rugby League
The Country Rugby League of New South Wales (CRL), formed in 1934 and disbanded in 2019, was the governing body for the sport of rugby league football in areas of New South Wales outside the Sydney metropolitan area until it merged with NSW Rugby League in 2019. The CRL was superseded by 6 NSWRL Country Divisions represented by 4 members of the nine-person NSWRL board. Despite its name, the CRL also governed rugby league in the Australian Capital Territory. Apart from selecting a Country Origin side to play in the annual City vs Country Origin game, the CRL administered many senior and junior competitions across the state.
Heather Ann Thompson
Heather Ann Thompson is an American historian, author, activist, and professor from Detroit, Michigan. Thompson won the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for History, the 2016 Bancroft Prize, and five other awards for her work Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy. This book was also a finalist for the Cundill Prize in History as well as the National Book Award and the LA Times Book Award. She is the recipient of several social justice awards as well, including the Life-Long Dedication to Social Justice Award, and the Alliance of Families for Justice and the Regents Distinguished Award for Public Service. She was awarded the Pitt Professorship of American History and Diplomacy in 2019-2020 (University of Cambridge, UK) and received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2022. Thompson was also named a distinguished lecturer by the Organization of American Historians.

Bancroft Prize
The Bancroft Prize is awarded each year by the trustees of Columbia University for books about diplomacy or the history of the Americas.

It was established in 1948, with a bequest from Frederic Bancroft, in his memory and that of his brother, diplomat and attorney, Edgar Addison Bancroft.

The Bancroft Prize has been generally considered to be among the most prestigious awards in the field of American history writing. It comes with a $10,000 stipend (raised from $4,000 beginning in 2004). Seventeen winners had their work supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, and 16 winners were also recipients of the Pulitzer Prize for History.

Following independent investigations, the Bancroft Prize was rescinded from Michael A. Bellesiles after he had received it in 2000.
Arte della Seta
The Arte della Seta was the Silk Guild of Florence in the Late Middle Ages and during the Renaissance.

As one of the seven Arti Maggiori ("major trades") of Florence, its members conducted their business throughout Italy and Europe, whereas the Arti Minori ("minor trades") were artisans and locally based.  The Arte della Lana was the wool guild, also one of the Arti Maggiori.

Guilds of Florence
The guilds of Florence were secular corporations that controlled the arts and trades in Florence from the twelfth into the sixteenth century. These Arti included seven major guilds (collectively known as the Arti Maggiori), five middle guilds (Arti Mediane) and nine minor guilds (Arti Minori). Their rigorous quality control and the political role in the commune that the Arti Maggiori assumed were formative influences in the history of Florence, which became one of the richest cities of late medieval Europe.

The popolo minuto—skilled workers including weavers, spinners, dyers, boatmen, laborers, peddlers and others—despite constituting a majority of the population, were barred from forming guilds.
SMS M85
SMS M85 was a M1916 type minesweeper built for the Imperial German Navy during the First World War by the Emden shipyard Nordseewerke, being launched on 10 April 1918 and entering service on 2 October that year. M85 survived the remainder of the war, and was passed on to the Reichsmarine, the navy of the Weimar Republic and then to the Nazi German Kriegsmarine. The outbreak of the Second World War saw M85 supporting the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, and she was sunk by a Polish mine on 1 October 1939 in one of the last acts of the Polish campaign.

M-class minesweeper (Germany)
The M class were the standard minesweeper (German: Minensuchboot)  of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.  The vessels were the primary force in Germany's harbor defense command and were organized administratively into minesweeper flotillas.
SS Exodus
Exodus 1947 was a packet steamship that was built in the United States in 1928 as President Warfield for the Baltimore Steam Packet Company. From her completion in 1928 until 1942 she carried passengers and freight across Chesapeake Bay between Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland.

From 1942 President Warfield served in the Second World War as a barracks and training ship for the British Armed Forces. In 1944 she was commissioned into the United States Navy as USS President Warfield (IX-169), a station and accommodation ship for the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach.

In 1947, she was renamed Exodus 1947 to take part in Aliyah Bet. She took 4,515 Jewish migrants from France to Mandatory Palestine. Most were Holocaust survivors who had no legal immigration certificates for Palestine. The Royal Navy boarded her in international waters and took her to Haifa, where ships were waiting to return the migrants to refugee camps in Europe.

QF 12-pounder 12 cwt AA gun
The 12 pounder 12 cwt anti-aircraft gun was a British anti-aircraft gun of the First World War, The guns were QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns taken from coast defence positions with the addition of a modified cradle for higher elevation, a retaining catch for the cartridge, and an additional spring recuperator above the barrel and high-angle sights. Writers commonly refer to it simply as "12 pounder anti-aircraft gun". 12 cwt referred to the weight of the barrel and breech - 1,344 lb (610 kg) - to differentiate it from other 12-pounder guns.