hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manchester Curious
Manchester Curious is an event which promotes appreciation of architecture in Manchester by the general public. It is inspired by similar Open-City events and first appeared in Manchester in October 2015.  Heritage Open Days is a similar event covering the rest of England, and takes place the previous month to Manchester Curious.

The Manchester Curious is usually held in early October. 2016 will see the second event building upon the original 28 events available in 2015.

Manchester Curious differs to other open house events as it charges a nominal fee for each event, rather than providing a brochure that gives access (as in London).

Heritage Open Days
Heritage Open Days (also known as HODs) is an annual celebration of England's history and culture that allows visitors free access to heritage sites and community events that are not usually open to the public, would normally charge an entrance fee, or that are hosting an event for the festival. It takes place in September.

Heritage Open Days was established in 1994 as England's contribution to European Heritage Days, in which 49 countries now participate. It is one of England's biggest voluntary cultural events, attracting some 800,000 people every year and bringing together over 2,500 organisations, 5,000 events and 40,000 volunteers.

The equivalent event in Wales is Open Doors, in Scotland Doors Open Days, and in Northern Ireland European Heritage Days. Open House London is also part of the initiative and takes place in September.
Deepa Sharma
Deepa Sharma is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the Khas people category.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
María de la O Lejárraga
María de la O Lejárraga García (28 December 1874 – 28 June 1974) was a Spanish feminist writer, dramatist, translator and politician. She is also known by her married name  María Martínez Sierra.  Some of her work was published under the name of her husband Gregorio Martínez Sierra.

Emilia Pardo Bazán
Emilia Pardo Bazán y de la Rúa-Figueroa, Countess of Pardo Bazán (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmilja ˈpaɾðo βaˈθan]; 16 September 1851 – 12 May 1921) was a Spanish novelist, journalist, literary critic, poet, playwright, translator, editor and professor.

Her naturalism and descriptions of reality, as well as her feminist ideas embedded in her work, made her one of the most influential and best-known female writers of her era. Her ideas about women's rights in education also made her a prominent feminist figure. She also addressed the history of Spain and its influence in contemporaneous politics, coining the term of the Spanish Black Legend.
N-Fluoropyridinium triflate
N-Fluoropyridinium triflate is an organofluorine compound with the formula [C5H5NF]O3SCF3. It is a white solid with low solubility in polar organic solvents.  The compound is used as an electrophilic fluorinating agent.  It is a salt, consisting of the N-fluoropyridinium cation ([C5H5NF]+) and the triflate anion.  Related reagents include Selectfluor, which is also an N-fluorinated salt.

N-Fluoropyridinium cations are not only electrophilic fluorinating agents (i.e., sources of "F+"), they are also one-electron oxidants.

Triflate
In organic chemistry, triflate (systematic name: trifluoromethanesulfonate), is a functional group with the formula R−OSO2CF3 and structure R−O−S(=O)2−CF3. The triflate group is often represented by −OTf, as opposed to −Tf, which is the triflyl group, R−SO2CF3. For example, n-butyl triflate can be written as CH3CH2CH2CH2OTf.

The corresponding triflate anion, CF3SO−3, is an extremely stable polyatomic ion; this comes from the fact that triflic acid (CF3SO3H) is a superacid; i.e. it is more acidic than pure sulfuric acid, already one of the strongest acids known.
Lauri Pedaja
Lauri Pedaja (born 4 April 1987 in Rakvere) is an Estonian actor and hairdresser. He debuted as an actor in 2007 film The Class directed by Ilmar Raag, where he had one of the lead roles.

In 2008, Pedaja participated as a celebrity contestant on the third season of Tantsud tähtedega, an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars. His professional dancing partner was Kristina Tennokese.

Ilmar Raag
Ilmar Raag (born 21 May 1968 in Kuressaare) is an Estonian media executive, actor, screenwriter and film director, best known for his socio-critical film The Class. He was CEO of Estonian Television from 2002 to 2005. He is a well known columnist in many prestigious Estonian newspapers (Postimees, Eesti Päevaleht). He has written many scripts and directed critically acclaimed films, notably August 1991 and The Class.
William Stewart (MP for Kirkcudbright)
William Stewart (1737 – 8 October 1797), of Castle Stewart, was a Scottish MP in the British Parliament. He was a member of a junior branch of the family of the Earl of Galloway, being the first son of John Stewart of Castle Stewart.

Stewart was educated at Glasgow University. He was an officer in the 60th Regiment of Foot during the Seven Years' War, leaving the army in 1769 as a Captain.

He represented Wigtown Burghs from 7 May 1770 – 1774 and Kirkcudbright Stewartry in 1774–1780.

Kirkcudbright Stewartry (UK Parliament constituency)
Kirkcudbright Stewartry, later known as Kirkcudbright or Kirkcudbrightshire, was a Scottish constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by one Member of Parliament (MP).
Abîme
In geography, an abîme is a vertical shaft in karst terrain that may be very deep and usually opens into a network of subterranean passages. The term is borrowed from French, where it means abyss or chasm.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
Low Isles, Queensland
Low Isles is an offshore locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia.  Located in the Coral Sea, the islands are due east of Rocky Point and approximately 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) north-east of Port Douglas on the Queensland mainland coast. In the 2021 census, Low Isles had "no people or a very low population".

Shire of Douglas
The Shire of Douglas is a local government area in Far North Queensland. It is located on the coast north of the city of Cairns. The shire, administered from the town of Mossman, covers an area of 2,428 square kilometres (937.5 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1880 until 2008, when it was amalgamated with the City of Cairns to become the Cairns Region. Following a poll in 2013, the Shire of Douglas was re-established on 1 January 2014.

The major industries are tourism and sugar production. Minor industries include tropical fruit and beef.

In the 2021 census, the Shire of Douglas had a population of 12,337 people.
Ragini Sonkar
Ragini Sonkar (born  11 December 1990) is an Indian physician and politician serving as a member of the 18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh from Machhlishahr representing the Samajwadi Party. She is the daughter of politician Kailash Nath Sonkar.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Hôtel de Crillon
Hôtel de Crillon, A Rosewood Hotel (French: [otɛl də kʁijɔ̃]) is a historic luxury hotel in Paris which opened in 1909 in a building dating to 1758. Located at the foot of the Champs-Élysées, the Crillon, along with the Hôtel de la Marine, is one of two identical stone palaces on the Place de la Concorde. Since 1900, the French Ministry of Culture has listed the Hôtel de Crillon as a monument historique.

With 78 guest rooms and 46 suites, the hotel also features three restaurants, a bar, outdoor terrace, gym, and health club on the premises. The hotel was renovated from 2013 to 2017. In September 2018, Hôtel de Crillon was officially designated by Atout France as a Palace grade of hotel.

Palace (hotel)
In the French hotel industry, the term palace is particularly reserved for certain establishments, in a strict sense, specifically being used to describe a luxury hotel. Since 2010, the title has been officially designated by Atout France as a grade classification of certain French hotels, around half of which are located in Paris. It is exclusively awarded to five-star hotels offering the highest level of service to their customers. At the end of August 2017, only 31 hotels out of 343 have been admitted to this category.

The term is used sometimes by other French hotels (at least in their commercial name; for example, the former Élysée Palace hotel in Paris) that do not yet meet the criteria defined by law.
Cryptography law
Cryptography is the practice and study of encrypting information, or in other words, securing information from unauthorized access. There are many different cryptography laws in different nations. Some countries prohibit the export of cryptography software and/or encryption algorithms or cryptoanalysis methods. Some countries require decryption keys to be recoverable in case of a police investigation.

Export of cryptography
The export of cryptography is the transfer from one country to another of devices and technology related to cryptography.

In the early days of the Cold War, the United States and its allies developed an elaborate series of export control regulations designed to prevent a wide range of Western technology from falling into the hands of others, particularly the Eastern bloc. All export of technology classed as 'critical' required a license. CoCom was organized to coordinate Western export controls.

Many countries, notably those participating in the Wassenaar Arrangement, introduced restrictions. The Wassenaar restrictions were largely loosened in the late 2010s.
Veronica Lake
Constance Frances Marie Ockelman (November 14, 1922 – July 7, 1973), known professionally as Veronica Lake, was an American film, stage, and television actress. Lake was best known for her femme fatale roles in films noir with Alan Ladd during the 1940s, her peek-a-boo hairstyle, and films such as Sullivan's Travels (1941) and I Married a Witch (1942). By the late 1940s, Lake's career began to decline, in part because of alcoholism. She made only one film in the 1950s, but had several guest appearances on television. She returned to the big screen in the film Footsteps in the Snow (1966), but the role failed to revitalize her career.

Lake's memoir, Veronica: The Autobiography of Veronica Lake, was published in 1970. Her final screen role was in a low-budget horror film, Flesh Feast (1970). After years of heavy drinking, Lake died at the age of 50 in July 1973, from hepatitis and acute kidney injury.

Pin-up model
A pin-up model is a model whose mass-produced pictures and photographs have wide appeal within the popular culture of a society. Pin-up models are usually glamour, actresses, or fashion models whose pictures are intended for informal and aesthetic display, known for being pinned onto a wall. From the 1940s, pictures of pin-up girls were also known as cheesecake in the U.S.

The term pin-up refers to drawings, paintings, and photographs of semi-nude women and was first attested to in English in 1941. Images of pin-up girls were published in magazines and newspapers. They were also displayed on postcards, lithographs, and calendars. The counterpart of the pin-up girl is the male pin-up, also known as beefcake, including celebrated actors and athletes such as the actor James Dean, the singer Jim Morrison, and the model Fabio.
Huniade Castle
The Huniade Castle (Romanian: Castelul Huniade; Hungarian: Hunyadi-kastély; German: Schloss Hunyadi) is the oldest monument in Timișoara, Romania, built between 1443 and 1447 by John Hunyadi and Paolo Santini de Duccio over the old royal castle dating from the 14th century (built during the reign of Charles I Robert). The castle was rebuilt by the Turkish pashas in the 17th century and by Prince Eugene of Savoy in the 18th century. The structure owes its present appearance to the 1850s reconstruction campaign. It houses the History, Archeology and Natural Sciences sections of the National Museum of Banat.

Corvin Castle
Corvin Castle, also known as Hunyadi Castle or Hunedoara Castle (Romanian: Castelul Huniazilor or Castelul Corvinilor; Hungarian: Vajdahunyadi vár), is a Gothic-Renaissance castle in Hunedoara, current-day Romania. It is considered one of the largest castles in Europe and is featured as one of the Seven Wonders of Romania.
Passiflora macrophylla
Passiflora macrophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Passifloraceae. It is commonly called the tree passion flower, and is one of the relatively few species in Passiflora with a tree-like growth pattern (growing to 10–20 ft). The leaves can grow up to three feet long by one foot wide. Flowers are borne as inflorescences from the trunk as the plant does not often branch. The flowers have white petals and a yellow corona. Rounded fruits follow and may reach 2 in (5.1 cm) in diameter. It is native to humid and wet lowland regions of Ecuador with one collection reported from Colombia.

Passiflora
Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, and the type genus of the family Passifloraceae.

Passiflora species are widely cultivated for their striking flowers, flavorful fruits, traditional medicinal uses, and roles in dietary supplements and ayahuasca analogs, with several ornamental hybrids earning Royal Horticultural Society awards.
RSA (missile)
The RSA is one of the earliest surface-to-air missiles systems, developed by the Swiss companies Oerlikon-Bührle and Contraves starting in 1947. The missile went through a rapid development process with several upgraded versions, and was the first anti-aircraft missile offered for commercial sale when it was placed on the market in the RSC-50 form. The US tested 25 of the slightly different RSC-51 model under the name MX-1868. No further sales were forthcoming. Several improved versions followed, including the RSC-54, RSC-56, RSC-57 and RSC/RSD-58. These saw small numbers of sales, mostly as training rounds.

Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons based on an original German Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon design that appeared very early in World War I.  It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II. Many versions of the cannon are still used.
Alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, and is the leading cause of death from excessive drinking. Although steatosis (fatty liver disease) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible. More than 90% of all heavy drinkers develop fatty liver whilst about 25% develop the more severe alcoholic hepatitis, and 15% liver cirrhosis.

For patients with chronic hepatitis B, a strict adherence to abstinence from alcohol is highly recommended.

Hepatocyte
A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 80% of the liver's mass.

These cells are involved in:

Protein synthesis

Protein storage

Transformation of carbohydrates

Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids

Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances

Initiation of formation and secretion of bile
Berga, Haninge Municipality
59°04′45″N 18°08′22″E﻿ / ﻿59.07917°N 18.13944°E﻿ / 59.07917; 18.13944

Berga is partly an estate and partly an associated castle in Västerhaninge socken in Haninge Municipality, in Södertörn in Södermanland and in Stockholm County, Sweden.

Haninge Municipality
Haninge Municipality (Swedish: Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area.

Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when Västerhaninge and Österhaninge were united.

The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived (the German word hahn means capercaillie), while the anchor symbolizes the naval base in the municipality. The German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area.
Hockingport, Ohio
Hockingport is a census-designated place in southeastern Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 205. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45739.  It is located at the intersection of State Routes 124 and 144.

It lies on the Ohio River, located below Little Hocking and above Reedsville.

Little Hocking, Ohio
Little Hocking is a census-designated place in southern Belpre Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 45742. The population of the CDP was 244 at the 2020 census.

Little Hocking lies along the Ohio River south of Marietta.  It sits at the intersection of U.S. Route 50 with State Route 124 and County Road 26, where the Little Hocking River meets the Ohio River.
Lawrence Klein
Lawrence Robert Klein (September 14, 1920 – October 20, 2013) was an American economist. For his work in creating computer models to forecast economic trends in the field of econometrics in the Department of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1980 specifically "for the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies." Due to his efforts, such models have become widespread among economists.  Harvard University professor Martin Feldstein told the Wall Street Journal that Klein "was the first to create the statistical models that embodied Keynesian economics," tools still used by the Federal Reserve Bank and other central banks.

Liberty Fund
Liberty Fund, Inc. is an American nonprofit foundation headquartered in Carmel, Indiana, that promotes the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich, through publishing, conferences, and educational resources. The operating mandate of the Liberty Fund was set forth in an unpublished memo written by Goodrich "to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals".
Nepali tea
Nepali tea  is a beverage made from the leaves of tea plants  (Camellia sinensis)  grown in Nepal. They are distinctive in appearance, aroma and taste, but are similar in many ways to Darjeeling tea, which is produced over the border in India. Its relatively smaller production quantities mean that teas from Nepal are less well known than those from Darjeeling.

Nepal's teas fall into two types of tea: Orthodox tea and Crush, tear, curl tea.

Ilam District
Ilam district (Nepali: इलाम जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. It is a Hill district and covers 1,703 km2 (658 sq mi). The 2011 census counted 290,254 inhabitants.  The municipality of Ilam is the district headquarters and is about 600 km (370 mi) from Kathmandu.

Ilam attracts many researchers and scientists for the study of medicinal and aromatic plants, orchids, rare birds and the red panda. Ilam stretches from the Terai belt to the upper hilly belt of this Himalayan nation.
Hetan, Xinhuang
Hetan (simplified Chinese: 禾滩镇; traditional Chinese: 和灘鎮; pinyin: Hétān Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 17,316 and an area of 160.99 square kilometres (62.16 sq mi). It borders Huangzhou Town in the north, Butouxiang Miao Ethnic Township in the east, Zhongzhai Town in the southeast, and Fuluo Town in the west and southwest.

Zhongzhai, Hunan
Zhongzhai (simplified Chinese: 中寨镇; traditional Chinese: 中寨鎮; pinyin: Zhōngzhài Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 16,130 and an area of 133.9 square kilometres (51.7 sq mi). It borders Hetan Town in the north, Mibei Miao Ethnic Township in the east, Fuluo Town in the west, and Zhuxi Township in the south.
Utah's 26th State Senate district
The 26th Utah Senate District is located in Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah and Wasatch Counties and includes Utah House Districts 25, 53, 54 and 55. The current State Senator representing the 26th district is David Hinkins. Hinkins was elected to the Utah Senate in 2023.

Duchesne County, Utah
Duchesne County (/duːˈʃeɪn/ doo-SHAYN) is a county in the northeast part of the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,596. Its county seat is Duchesne, and the largest city is Roosevelt.
1955 in spaceflight
In 1955, both the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) announced plans for launching the world's first satellites during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58. Project Vanguard, proposed by the US Navy, won out over the US Army's Project Orbiter as the satellite and rocket design to be flown in the IGY. Development of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, the Atlas by the US and the R-7 by the USSR, accelerated, entering the design and construction phase.

Both the US and USSR continued to launch a myriad of sounding rockets to probe the outer reaches of Earth's atmosphere and to take quick glimpses of the sun beyond the obscuring layers of air. The Aerobee Hi, first launched in April, promised a comparatively low cost alternative to other high altitude sounding rockets. The State University of Iowa meanwhile experimented with balloon-launched rockoons on its fourth expedition into the Atlantic Ocean.

Nike (rocket stage)
The Nike stage or Nike booster, a solid fuel rocket motor, was developed by Hercules Aerospace for use as the first stage of the Nike Ajax (M5 motor) and Nike Hercules (M5E1 and M88 motor) missiles as part of Project Nike.

It was subsequently employed in a variety of missiles and multi-stage sounding rockets, becoming one of the most popular and reliable rocket stages, not only in the United States, but also in several other countries around the world.