hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic
The government of Russia has initially responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country with preventive measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 in the country, which involved imposing quarantines, carrying raids on potential virus carriers, and using facial recognition to impose quarantine measures. Measures to prevent a crisis in Russia include banning the export of medical masks, random checks on the Moscow Metro, and cancellation of large-scale events by schools. The Russian government has also taken measures to prevent foreign citizens from heavily affected countries from visiting Russia. Local governments have also responded to the pandemic by imposing their own preventive measures in their communities.

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Ali Benflis
Ali Benflis (Arabic: على بن فليس; born 8 September 1944) is an Algerian politician who was Head of Government of Algeria from 2000 to 2004. In 2003, he became the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. Benflis was a candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but the poll resulted in the re-election of Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Benflis ran yet again as an independent  candidate in the 2014 Algerian presidential elections held on 17 April 2014. The result was that Abdelaziz Bouteflika was reelected as president with 81.53% of the votes, with Benflis ending as runner-up with 12.18%.

Prime Minister of Algeria
The prime minister of Algeria, officially the First Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (Arabic: الوزير الأول للجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية), is the head of government of Algeria. The prime minister is appointed by the president of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new prime minister recommends. The People's National Assembly must approve the legislative program of the new government or the Assembly is dissolved and the prime minister must resign.

There are no constitutional limits on a prime minister's term. The longest-serving prime minister was Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, who served under President Chadli Bendjedid from 8 March 1979 until 22 January 1984. He served as the first prime minister since 1963, when the position was abolished.

Sifi Ghrieb has been the prime minister since 14 September 2025.
Carolus (name)
Carolus is the medieval Latin form of the name Charles. It was the name of various Frankish rulers, most notably of Charlemagne (742–814).

The given name also gave rise to a surname in the 17th century.

Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form Charles of the Proto-Germanic name ᚲᚨᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (in runic alphabet) or *karilaz (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was Ċearl or Ċeorl, as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England.

The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as Karolus (as in Vita Karoli Magni), later also as Carolus.
International Journal of Communication
The International Journal of Communication is an open access peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies on communication. The founding editor-in-chief was Larry Gross (USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism) and it is published by the USC Annenberg Press (University of Southern California). Starting with Volume 18 in January 2024 the editor-in-chief is Silvio Waisbord of George Washington University. The journal was established in 2007 and is abstracted and indexed by the Social Sciences Citation Index, Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, and EBSCOhost. As of January 2024 the Journal has 150,000 registered users around the globe.

The journal publishes continuously, posting articles as soon as they are accepted.

USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
The USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism is a part of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
It has 2,300 undergraduate and graduate students. Willow Bay is the Dean. Prof. Hector Amaya is the Director of the School of Communication, Prof. Gordon Stables serves as Director of the School of Journalism.
GunZ: The Duel
GunZ: The Duel (Korean: 건즈 온라인), or simply GunZ, is an online third-person shooting game, originally created by South Korean-based MAIET Entertainment and currently owned by MasangSoft.

It is free-to-play, with a microtransaction business model for purchasing premium in-game items. The game allows players to perform exaggerated, gravity-defying action moves, including wall running, stunning, tumbling, and blocking bullets with swords, in the style of action films and anime.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
Fort Union National Monument
Fort Union National Monument is a unit of the United States National Park Service located 7.7 miles north of Watrous in Mora County, New Mexico.

The site preserves the remains of three forts that were built starting in the 1850s. Also visible at Fort Union and from the road leading to it are ruts from the Mountain and Cimarron Branches of the old Santa Fe Trail.

The monument has a visitor center containing a historical museum and showing a film about the fort’s history. A self-guiding trail leads through remains of the second and third forts. Ruins of the ordnance depot and site of the first fort are visible across the valley to the west.

The monument is open 8:00 am to 4:00 pm throughout the year except Thanksgiving (fourth Thursday of November), Christmas Day (December 25), and New Year’s Day (January 1). Admission is free.

Edwin Vose Sumner
Edwin Vose Sumner (January 30, 1797 – March 21, 1863) was a career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War. His nicknames "Bull" or "Bull Head" came both from his great booming voice and a legend that a musket ball once bounced off his head.

Sumner fought in the Black Hawk War, with distinction in the Mexican–American War, on the Western frontier, and in the Eastern Theater for the first half of the Civil War. He led the II Corps of the Army of the Potomac through the Peninsula Campaign, the Seven Days Battles, and the Maryland Campaign, and the Right Grand Division of the Army during the Battle of Fredericksburg. He died in March 1863 while awaiting transfer.
Khwaja Nooruddin
Khwaja Nooruddin was a member of the Dhaka Nawab family, journalist and politician. He was the founder of The Star of India, The Musalman, and The Morning New. He was a member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly. He along with Abdur Rahman Siddiqui and Abul Hassan Isphani were considered the most trusted lieutenants of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, in Bengal. He was one of the organizers of Mohammedan SC (Kolkata).

Abul Hassan Ispahani
Mirza Abul Hassan Ispahani (Persian: میرزا ابو الحسن اصفهانی; 1902–1981) was a Pakistani politician and diplomat who served as an ambassador of Pakistan to the United States.

Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, he was an active Pakistan Movement activist in Bengal, British India.
Rose garden
A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses, and sometimes rose species. Designs vary tremendously and roses may be displayed alongside other plants or grouped by individual variety, colour or class in rose beds.  Technically it is a specialized type of shrub garden, but normally treated as a type of flower garden, if only because its origins in Europe go back to at least the Middle Ages in Europe, when roses were effectively the largest and most popular flowers, already existing in numerous garden cultivars.

Government Rose Garden
The Government Rose Garden (formerly known as the Jayalalithaa Rose Garden, Centenary Rose Park and Nootrandu Roja Poonga) is situated on the slopes of Elk Hill in Vijayanagaram of Ooty town in Tamil Nadu, India at an altitude of 2200 meters.
European Travel Commission
The European Travel Commission (ETC) is an international non-profit association representing the national tourism organizations (NTOs) in Europe and is based in Brussels. It was established in 1948 to promote Europe as a tourist destination to long-haul markets outside of Europe; initially the United States, then Canada, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific later on. The ETC in 2023 had 36 member NTOs and 12 associate members from the private industry. The association aims to raise awareness of the importance of tourism among national European authorities and the general public through sharing best practices and cooperation in market intelligence and promotion.

UN Tourism
The United Nations World Tourism Organization or UN Tourism (formerly UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which promotes responsible, sustainable and universally-accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. Other offices include a Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific in Nara, Japan, and a Regional Office for the Middle East in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

UN Tourism serves as a global forum for tourism policy and a source of tourism research and knowledge. It encourages tourism competitiveness, innovation, education, investments and digital transformation. The organization also focusses on ethics, culture and social responsibility related to tourism, provides technical cooperation, and operates a UN Tourism Academy and tourism statistics programs.

The six official languages of UN Tourism are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

From its inception in 1975 until 2023, the UN World Tourism Organization was abbreviated as UNWTO.
Lui Tuck Yew
Lui Tuck Yew (Chinese: 吕德耀; Jyutping: Leoi5 Dak1 Jiu6; pinyin: Lǚ Déyào; born 16 August 1961) is a Singaporean diplomat, former politician and two-star rear-admiral who has been serving as Singapore Ambassador to the United States since 2023. Prior to, Lui served as Singapore Ambassador to China between 2019 and 2023, and Ambassador to Japan between 2017 and 2019.

A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), Lui served as the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Moulmein division of Tanjong Pagar GRC between 2006 and 2011 and later Moulmein–Kallang GRC between 2011 and 2015. He also served in the Cabinet as Minister for Information, Communications and the Arts between 2009 and 2011, Minister for Transport between 2011 and 2015 and Second Minister for Defence in 2015 before retiring from politics.

Prior to entering politics, Lui served in the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and served as Chief of Navy between 1999 and 2003, holding the rank of two-star rear-admiral.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA; Malay: Kementerian Ehwal Luar Negeri; Chinese: 新加坡外交部; Tamil: வெளியுறவு அமைச்சு) is in charge of the country's foreign relations, as well as handling matters and providing consular assistance related to overseas Singaporean citizens. It was established on 9 August 1965. 
A ministry for the Government of Singapore, it is also responsible for conducting and managing diplomatic relations between Singapore and other countries and regions.
Coatepeque, El Salvador
Coatepeque (Nawat: kuātepēk) is a district in the municipality of Santa Ana Este in the Santa Ana department of El Salvador. It is above El Congo, south of the department's capital and is bordered by the department of La Libertad in the East.

Santa Ana, El Salvador
Santa Ana (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈana]) is the second largest city in El Salvador, after the capital of San Salvador. It is located 64 kilometers northwest of San Salvador, the capital city. Santa Ana has approximately 250,760 (2024) inhabitants and serves both as the capital of the department of Santa Ana and as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.  For its administration the municipality is divided into 35 colonias (neighborhoods) and 318 small villages.

A major processing center for El Salvador's sizable coffee bean industry is located near Santa Ana.

Santa Ana has become a tourist destination, especially for tourists eager to learn about Salvadoran culture and traditions.

Currently, the mayor of Santa Ana is Gustavo Acevedo, from Nuevas Ideas.
USS Armadillo
USS Armadillo (IX-111), the lead ship of her class of tanker was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the armadillo, an insect-eating mammal which has an armorlike shell encasing its back and head.

Armadillo-class tanker
The Armadillo class of tankers was a class of Type Z-ET1-S-C3 Liberty ship, that were commissioned into the United States Navy.  They were given the hull classification symbols of unclassified miscellaneous vessels. Two would be converted to Stag-class distilling ships

This group of Liberty based tankers all served in the United States Navy during the Second World War.  Each ship was commissioned in late 1943, and decommissioned in the summer of 1946.  These ships primarily served in the Asiatic-Pacific theater - Pacific Ocean Areas and the South West Pacific Area.  These ships brought aviation gasoline to remote islands in the south Pacific, required for the many aerial reconnaissance missions there. Camel served primarily in the Central Pacific Area.
Solsteinhaus
The Solsteinhaus is an Alpine Club hut belonging to the Austrian Alpine Club located at a height of 1,806 m (AA) on the Erl Saddle (Erlsattel) between the mountains of the Nordkette and Erlspitze Group. It was opened in 1914 and totally renovated in 2007. It lies in the western Karwendel Alps in the state of Tyrol not far from the state capital of Innsbruck. Due to its central location and the numerous tour options it offers, the hut is a base for climbers taking part in tours of several days long, as well as a starting point for summit attempts. In addition the hut is a popular destination for hikers  who can easily do a day tour to the hut. In winter the hut is closed, but there is a winter room for ski tourers. During safe avalanche conditions, high Alpine ski tours can be undertaken to the surrounding summits; but these all require good experience.

Karwendel
The Karwendel is the largest mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps. It is located on the Austria–Germany border. The major part belongs to the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, while the adjacent area in the north is part of Bavaria, Germany. Four chains stretch from west to east; in addition, there are a number of fringe ranges and an extensive promontory (Vorkarwendel) in the north.
1974 St. Petersburg WCT
The 1974 St. Petersburg WCT, also known as the Raymond-James World Championship Tennis Classic, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Bayfront Center Arena in St. Petersburg, Florida in the United States. The tournament was part of Blue Group of the 1974 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the inaugural edition of the event and was held from February 4 through February 10, 1974. First-seeded John Newcombe won the singles title and earned $10,000 first-prize money. The tournament made a loss of $30,000.

1974 World Championship Tennis circuit
The 1974 World Championship Tennis (WCT) circuit was one of the two rival professional male tennis circuits of 1974, the other being the Grand Prix circuit. It was organized by World Championship Tennis (WCT). It was the fourth edition of the WCT circuit and a total of 84 players participated. All players took part in the opening U.S. Pro Indoor tournament in Philadelphia and afterwards were divided into three groups (red, blue and green) of 28 players, with each group playing eight further tournaments.

The season final was played in Dallas by the eight best performers, the top two of each group plus the next two highest point winners, and was won by Australian John Newcombe who defeated Björn Borg from Sweden in four sets, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–2. Newcombe ended the season as prize money and points leader.
2019 Eastbourne International
The 2019 Eastbourne International (also known as the Nature Valley International for sponsorship reasons) was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 45th edition of the event for the women and the 9th edition for the men. The tournament was classified as a WTA Premier tournament on the 2019 WTA Tour and as an ATP Tour 250 series on the 2019 ATP Tour. The tournament took place at the Devonshire Park Lawn Tennis Club in Eastbourne, United Kingdom between 23 and 29 June 2019.

Eastbourne International
The Eastbourne Open (also known as Eastbourne International, formerly Rothesay) is a tennis tournament on the WTA Tour and the ATP Tour held at the Devonshire Park Lawn Tennis Club, Eastbourne, United Kingdom. Held since 1974, it is classified as an ATP Tour 250 series on the ATP Tour and a WTA 250 series on the WTA Tour (downgraded from WTA 500 in 2025). The tournament is played on outdoor grass courts, and is generally considered a "warm-up" for the Wimbledon Championships, a major tournament, which begins the following week. It was originally just part of the WTA Tour, but from 2009 it was combined as an ATP Tour event. It replaced the Nottingham Open grass court tournament from 2009–2014. Nottingham returned for 2015–2016 with no men's event in Eastbourne, however Eastbourne replaced the Nottingham event again from 2017 onwards. From 2022 until 2024, it was sponsored by Rothesay, with past sponsors including Viking Cruises, Nature Valley and AEGON.
Lawa Thikana
Lawa Thikana was a Thikana estate or Thakurat under the Jaipur Residency of the former Rajputana Agency. It was ruled by Dasawat Naruka Rajputs. It was located very close to Tonk town and included its capital, Lawa, a small town and its surroundings. Lawa is located in the northwestern part of present-day Tonk district of Rajasthan, India.

Lawa estate near Tonk should not be confused with Sardargarh, a Thikana of Udaipur State (Mewar) which had been known as 'Lawa' before 1738.

In August 1947, at the time of Independence, Rajasthan included 19 princely state & 3 thikanas (Chiefships) of Neemrana, Lawa & Kushalgarh.

Tonk district
Tonk district is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Tonk is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is bounded on the north by Jaipur district, on the east by Sawai Madhopur district, on the southeast by Kota district, on the south by Bundi district, on the southwest by Bhilwara district, and on the west by Ajmer district.
Hangzhou Wangchao Center
The Hangzhou Wangchao Center (Chinese: 望朝中心) also known as the One Century Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China. Built between 2018 and 2023, the tower stands at 280 m (920 ft) with 54 floors and is the current 4th tallest building in Hangzhou.

Reinforced concrete column
A reinforced concrete column  is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement.  For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
Cascade Peak
Cascade Peak is a 7,428-foot (2,264-metre) mountain summit located in Skagit County of Washington state. It is in the North Cascades, which is a subrange of the Cascade Range. The peak is situated above Cascade Pass, on the shared border of North Cascades National Park and Glacier Peak Wilderness. The nearest higher peak is Johannesburg Mountain, 0.53 miles (0.85 km) to the west-southwest, and The Triplets stand guard 0.35 miles (0.56 km) to the east-southeast. Surface runoff from the mountain drains into the Cascade River.

Cascade River (Washington)
The Cascade River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary of the Skagit River which it joins at the census-designated place of Marblemount. It is a National Wild and Scenic River.
Leyla Gencer
Leyla Gencer (Turkish pronunciation: [lejˈla ɟenˈdʒeɾ], née Çeyrekgil; 10 October 1928 – 10 May 2008) also known as La Diva Turca was a Turkish operatic soprano.

Gencer was a notable bel canto soprano who spent most of her career in Italy, from the early 1950s through the mid-1980s, and had a repertoire encompassing more than seventy roles. She made very few commercial recordings; however, numerous bootleg recordings of her performances exist. She was particularly associated with the heroines of Donizetti.

Simon Mayr
Johann(es) Simon Mayr (also spelled Majer, Mayer, Maier), also known in Italian as Giovanni Simone Mayr or Simone Mayr (14 June 1763 – 2 December 1845), was a German composer. His music reflects the transition from the Classical to the Romantic musical era. In 1805 he founded the Bergamo Conservatory. He was an early inspiration to Rossini and Meyerbeer and taught and advocated for Donizetti.
Bittersweet Harmony
Bittersweet Harmony is a 2003 album by Canadian roots rock band Skydiggers. It was their first album of new material since 1997's Desmond's Hip City. (Still Restless: The Lost Tapes, released in 1999, was a release of older material.)

A limited edition advance version of the album was released in 2002. That version had a different cover and did not include the track "All of Our Dreaming".

Desmond's Hip City
Desmond's Hip City is a 1997 album by Skydiggers. The album differs from the band's conventional roots rock sound somewhat, with several songs (notably "Shape of Things to Come" and "November in Ontario") adopting more of a hard rock sound and the title track incorporating electronic keyboards and Sonic Youth-style guitar feedback.

Desmond's Hip City refers to a record shop in Brixton, England; band member Josh Finlayson had lived above the store for a time in the early 1980s. Desmond's Hip City was the first Black record shop in Brixton, south of London, England. Photographs of the storefront show it named Desmond's Hip City in the early 1970s. A later view of the storefront can be seen in the 1983 Haysi Fantayzee video, "Sister Friction", where it is called Desmond Hip City.

Guest musicians on the album include Sarah Harmer, Lewis Melville, Jim Cuddy and Anne Bourne.
Emanuel Parzen
Emanuel Parzen (April 21, 1929 – February 6, 2016) was an American statistician. He worked and published on signal detection theory and time series analysis, where he pioneered the use of kernel density estimation (also known as the Parzen window in his honor). Parzen was the recipient of the 1994 Samuel S. Wilks Memorial Medal of the American Statistical Association.

Samuel S. Wilks
Samuel Stanley Wilks (June 17, 1906 – March 7, 1964) was an American mathematician and academic who played an important role in the development of mathematical statistics, especially in regard to practical applications.