hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Su Chin-shou
Su Chin-shou was a Chinese Muslim general of the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), who served under Generals Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan. He was the Chief of Staff of General Ma Zhancang and was appointed as one of the two tao-yins of Kashgar in May, 1933. He vacated the old city Yamen to join Ma Zhancang in the New City since his fellow Chinese Muslims were massacred at the Kizil massacre.

Kizil massacre
The Kizil massacre (Chinese: 克孜爾大屠殺) occurred in June 1933, when Uighur and Kyrgyz Turkic fighters broke their agreement not to attack a column of retreating Hui Chinese soldiers and civilians from Yarkand New City on their way to Kashgar. An estimated 800 Chinese Muslim and Chinese civilians were killed by Turkic Muslim fighters.

When the Hotan rebels reached the Shache area, they defeated the local garrison and concluded an agreement with Hui soldiers (Chinese Muslims) and Han soldiers who had converted to Islam, guaranteeing them safe withdrawal. However, after retreating, the Hui forces collected weapons from the city with the intention of joining the Chinese garrison in Kashgar. Upon learning of this, the Hotan rebels informed the Kashgar rebels led by Timur Ali, who attacked and defeated these troops at Kizil. Some Hui soldiers escaped and later joined the Hui army in Kashgar.
KAT metro station
KAT (Greek: ΚΑΤ) is an Athens metro station in Kifissia, Athens, Greece, next to the Traumatic Recovery Center (KAT), from which it derives its name. The station is situated 24.631 km from the starting point in Piraeus. The station was opened on 27 March 1989 and was renovated in 2004. It contains two platforms.

Piraeus station
Piraeus (Greek: Πειραιάς, Peiraias) is the name of two railway stations in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, approximately 9 km south-west of the centre of Athens. The southern building is an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3 and is the present terminus of Athens Metro Line 1, formerly the Athens-Piraeus Railways Co that opened in 1869. The northern building is the railway terminus for standard gauge railway services of the Athens Suburban Railway to the Acharnes Railway Center and Chalcis. Both buildings are located next to the seaport, with the Electric Railways Museum of Piraeus located in the metro station, in the space of the former Post Office.
Uses and gratifications theory
Uses and gratifications theory is a communication theory that describes the reasons and means by which people seek out media to meet specific needs. The theory postulates that media is a highly available product, that audiences are the consumers of the product, and that audiences choose media to satisfy given needs as well as social and psychological uses, such as knowledge, relaxation, social relationships, and diversion.

Uses and gratifications theory was developed from a number of prior communication theories and research conducted by fellow theorists. The theory has a heuristic value because it gives communication scholars a "perspective through which a number of ideas and theories about media choice, consumption, and even impact can be viewed".

Jay Blumler
Jay G Blumler (18 February 1924 – 30 January 2021 (aged 96)) was an American-British researcher of communication, politics and media. He was Professor of Public Communication at the University of Leeds.
Mondegodon
Mondegodon is an extinct genus of basal mesonychians which existed in Portugal, during the earliest Eocene (Neustrian age). It is known from the holotype – UNLSNC-19, and other parts of dentary, recovered from the Silveirinha Formation, Portugal. It was first named by Rodolphe Tabuce, Julien Clavel and Miguel Telles Antunes in 2011 and the type species is Mondegodon eutrigonus. The generic name is derived from "Baixo Mondego", the region where Silveirinha is located; and odon (Greek), for "tooth" by analogy with triisodontid generic names. The specific name is derived from the prefix eu (Greek), "well", and trigonus (Latin), "three-cornered" in reference to the remarkable tricuspidate pattern of the upper molars.

Triisodontidae
Triisodontidae is an extinct, probably paraphyletic, or possibly invalid family of mesonychian placental mammals.  Most triisodontid genera lived during the Paleocene in North America, but the genus Andrewsarchus (if it is a mesonychian, and not an artiodactyl) is known from the middle Eocene of Asia. Triisodontids were the first relatively large predatory mammals to appear in North America following the extinction of the non-bird dinosaurs. They differ from other mesonychian families in having less highly modified teeth.

Because of their comparatively simpler teeth, the triisodontids are regarded as basal mesonychids.  A recent study found them to be a paraphyletic assemblage of stem-mesonychians.
David Bolduc
David Bolduc (1945–2010) was an abstract artist who used colour and central imagery in his paintings, inspired by artists such as Jack Bush. Critics suggest that he and artists such as Daniel Solomon formed a bridge between the second and third generations of Toronto modernists or even form part of the third generation of Toronto abstract painters which includes artists such as Alex Cameron and Paul Sloggett.

Jack Bush
Jack Hamilton Bush OC RCA (March 20, 1909 – January 24, 1977) was a Canadian abstract painter. A member of Painters Eleven, his paintings are associated with the Color Field movement and Post-painterly Abstraction. Inspired by Henri Matisse and American abstract expressionist painters such as Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis, Bush encapsulated joyful yet emotional feelings in his vibrant paintings, comparing them to jazz music. Clement Greenberg described him as a "supreme colorist", along with Kenneth Noland in 1984. Bush explained that capturing the feeling of a subject rather than its likeness was

a hard step for the art loving public to take, not to have the red look like a side of a barn but to let it be the red for its own sake and how it exists in the environment of that canvas.
Brigade Squad
Brigade Squad was a course for potential officers run by the Guards Division training depot at Caterham and subsequently Pirbright.

Alan Clark described Brigade Squad as follows:

Brutalisation can take two forms, both of which I have undergone. One is the Etonian education where there is the intellectual kind: it's not so much a brutalisation as a very cruel and long-drawn-out initiation ceremony to a fraternity. And then there is the much rougher brutalisation which takes place at the Guards Brigade Squad Camp, which every guards officer has to undergo. Quite rightly it is worse than that to which the ranks are subjected. So when you see all those 'chinless wonders' strutting about in their posh uniforms, you will know that for eight weeks they have had an absolutely appalling time, probably worse than you will get anywhere outside a Victorian prison.

Guards Division
The Guards Division was an administrative unit of the British Army responsible for the training and administration of the regiments of Foot Guards and the London Guards reserve battalion. The Guards Division was responsible for providing two battalions for public duties to London District (plus three incremental companies); although the guards are most associated with ceremony, they are nevertheless operational infantry battalions, and as such perform all the various roles of infantry. In 2022, the Guards Division was renamed as the Guards and Parachute Division.
Amongst the Medici
Amongst the Medici is a radio documentary series by historian Bettany Hughes. The series aired in three parts on BBC Radio 4 between February–March 2006.

The series was billed as "a three part re-evaluation of one of the most creative and complicated partnerships in the western world" and examined the history of the Medici family during the Italian Renaissance, between 1397 (the founding of the Medici Bank) and 1497 (the Bonfire of the Vanities).

Part 1 - Bankers to the Renaissance (audio)

Part 2 - Renaissance, what renaissance? (audio)

Part 3 - Smart women, gay men and false gods (audio)

Bonfire of the vanities
A bonfire of the vanities (Italian: falò delle vanità) is a burning of objects condemned by religious authorities as occasions of sin. The phrase itself usually refers to the bonfire of 7 February 1497, when supporters of the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola collected and burned thousands of objects such as cosmetics, art, and books in the public square of Florence, Italy, on the occasion of Shrove Tuesday, martedì grasso.

Francesco Guicciardini's The History of Florence gives a firsthand account of the 1497 Florentine bonfire of the vanities. The focus of this destruction was on objects that might tempt one to sin, including vanity items such as mirrors, cosmetics, fine dresses, playing cards, and musical instruments. Other targets included books that Savonarola deemed immoral, such as works by Boccaccio, manuscripts of secular songs, and artworks, including paintings and sculptures.
Račje Selo
Račje Selo (pronounced [ˈɾaːtʃjɛ ˈsɛːlɔ]; Slovene: Račje selo, German: Rappelgeschieß) is a village north of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Trebnje
Trebnje (pronounced [ˈtɾéːbnjɛ] ⓘ, German: Treffen) is a town in southeastern Slovenia. It lies on the Temenica River in the traditional region of Lower Carniola, and is the seat of the Municipality of Trebnje.

The area was already settled in Antiquity. The modern settlement developed on the main regional road and railway line from Ljubljana to Novo Mesto. The old town center with the parish church stands slightly raised on the left bank of Temenica River, and the new part extends to the north from the railway line and the regional road toward Novo Mesto.
City College station (San Diego)
City College station is a light rail station on the San Diego Trolley's Orange, Blue, and Silver Lines. It is located in the East Village neighborhood of the city and serves northeast downtown San Diego as well as students at San Diego City College and San Diego High School.

The station originally was curved, straddling the 90-degree intersection of C Street and Park Boulevard. In May 2007, a replacement station opened as part of the Smart Corner mixed-use development now surrounding it. The station was then closed from September 10, 2012 until November 16, 2012, for renovations as part of the Trolley Renewal Project, during which a temporary stop was erected one block away on C Street between 10th and 11th Avenues.

Orange Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Orange Line is a 17.1-mile (27.5 km) light rail line in the San Diego Trolley system, operated by San Diego Trolley, Inc. an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). The route connects downtown San Diego with the cities of Lemon Grove, La Mesa, and El Cajon. The Orange Line has the lowest ridership of the San Diego Trolley's three core lines, transporting 10,896,289 riders during FY 2014 according to the MTS.

It is one of five lines in the trolley system, along with the Blue, Green, Copper and Silver ("heritage weekend" service only) lines.

At night, the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad uses the Orange Line right of way east of the rail yard near 12th & Imperial Transit Center for its freight service to El Cajon and Santee.
Molly Conger
Molly Conger (born 1990 or 1991) is an American  activist and journalist based in Charlottesville, Virginia. After the Unite the Right rally in 2017, Conger stopped working in project management, and started researching the far-right. She documents Charlottesville news and briefly worked as a columnist at a local newspaper.

She identified Teddy Joseph Von Nukem as a perpetrator in an assault during the rally and was first to break news of his death in 2023.

As of 2024 she hosts the podcast Weird Little Guys.

Robert Evans (journalist)
Robert Madison Evans (born March 22, 1988) is an American internet broadcaster, journalist, and author who has reported on global conflicts and online extremism. A former editor at the humor website Cracked.com, Evans has also written for the investigative journalism outlet Bellingcat while working on several podcasts, including Behind the Bastards, Behind the Police, Behind the Insurrections, It Could Happen Here, The Women's War, and Worst Year Ever. In 2021 he published his first novel, After the Revolution (AK Press 2022) first as a serialized podcast.
Warren bioregion
Warren, also known as Karri Forest Region and the Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands ecoregion, is a biogeographic region in southern Western Australia. Located in the southwest corner of Western Australia between Cape Naturaliste and Albany, it is bordered to the north and east by the Jarrah Forest region. Its defining characteristic is an extensive tall forest of Eucalyptus diversicolor (karri). This occurs on dissected, hilly ground, with a moderately wet climate. Karri is a valuable timber and much of the karri forest has been logged over, but less than a third has been cleared for agriculture. Recognised as a region under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA), and as a terrestrial ecoregion by the World Wide Fund for Nature, it was first defined by Ludwig Diels in 1906.

D'Entrecasteaux National Park
D'Entrecasteaux National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 315 kilometres (196 mi) south of Perth. The park is named after the French Admiral Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux who was the first European to sight the area and name Point D'Entrecasteaux in 1792.
The park received 168,497 visitors through 2008–2009.
J. Roddy Walston and the Business
J. Roddy Walston and the Business was an American rock band based in Richmond, Virginia, United States. The band was formed in 2002 in Cleveland, Tennessee by J. Roddy Walston (vocals/piano/guitar).  The Business consisted of Billy Gordon (lead guitar/vocals), Logan Davis (bass/vocals) and Steve Colmus (drums). The band was known for their energetic live shows and Walston's pounding style of playing the piano. The group announced on their social media in late 2019 that they would disband at the close of that year.

Austin City Limits Music Festival
Austin City Limits (ACL) Music Festival is an annual music festival that takes place in Zilker Park in Austin, Texas, on two consecutive three-day weekends and is inspired by the KLRU/PBS music series Austin City Limits. The festival is produced by Austin-based company C3 Presents, which also produces Chicago’s Lollapalooza.

The ACL Music Festival has eight stages where musical groups from genres including rock, indie, country, folk, electronic, and hip hop perform. The concert starts at 11am and ends 10pm on each day during the festival at various stages spread out in the park. Approximately 450,000 people attend the festival each year. In addition to the music performances, there are food and drinks, an art market, a kids area for families and other activities for attendees.
Uriaș
Uriaș (plural uriași) is the common Romanian-language designation of giants, who are prominent figures in Romanian folklore. There are several varieties of uriași, who share most of their traits but have different names from one historical region of Romania to another.

Jidovi is the term used mainly in Oltenia, and its bearers are supposed to be creators of large mounds, and, in some legends, they play an evil role.

Novaci is used mainly in Muntenia, for creatures who are mainly associated with the Southern Carpathians.

Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.
TC-PAM
Trellis-coded pulse-amplitude modulation (TC-PAM) is the modulation format that is used in HDSL2 and G.SHDSL. It is a variant of trellis coded modulation (TCM) which uses a one-dimensional pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) symbol space, as opposed to a two-dimensional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol space. Compared to the 2B1Q scheme used in the older HDSL and SDSL standards, TC-PAM improves range at a given bit-rate and provides enhanced spectral compatibility with ADSL.

TC-PAM is also known as 4B1H, because it uses 16 levels to represents a 4 digit binary, 4 Binary 1 Hexadecimal.

Pulse-amplitude modulation
Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) is a form of signal modulation in which the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a pulse train interrupting the carrier frequency. Demodulation is performed by detecting the amplitude level of the carrier at every single period.
Islam in Norway
Islam is the second largest religion in Norway after Christianity. As of 2020, the number of Muslims living in Norway was 182,607 (3.4% of the total population). The majority of Muslims in Norway are Sunni, with a significant Shia minority. 55 percent of Muslims in the country live in Oslo and the former Fylke Viken (now Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold. The vast majority of Muslims have an immigrant background, and very few ethnic Norwegians are Muslim.

Minhaj-ul-Quran
Minhaj-ul-Quran International (MQI) (Urdu: منہاج القرآن انٹرنیشنل) is a global non-governmental organization (NGO) founded by Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri in 1980 in Lahore, Pakistan. With its headquarters located in Lahore, MQI has expanded its operations to over 100 countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States, Canada, and Australia.
Ann Jones (Australian journalist)
Ann Jones (born 1983), also referred to as Dr Ann, is an Australian environmental journalist, who is a radio and television presenter for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).

She is best known for presenting ABC Science programmes, like the podcast series What the Duck?!, some episodes of Catalyst, and the Radio National show, Off Track.

Regional Australia
Regional Australia is a socio-geographical definition used in Australia to describe populated regions outside of the major metropolitan areas (typically the capital city) in each state or territory, designed for censusing and promoting urbanized settlements (known as regional centres) associated with demographically/economically significant rural regions, especially for the purpose of managing immigration and foreign labour.

People who complete specified work, that being plant and animal cultivation, fishing and pearling, tree farming and felling, mining or construction, in these areas can be granted extra points when applying for a resident visa. Working there while holding a working holiday visa may allow the person to have their visa renewed.
Louise Westmarland
Louise Westmarland is a British criminologist and Professor of Criminology at Open University, where she is also head of discipline in social policy and criminology. She has researched police conduct since the early 2000s. Her research focuses on police and policing, including gender and policing, homicide investigations, and corruption, integrity and ethics. She is director of the International Centre for Comparative Criminological Research. She earned her PhD at Durham University in 1998 with the thesis An ethnography of gendered policing. According to Google Scholar her work has been cited over 3,000 times in academic literature.

In January 2024 Westmarland's comparison of Jo Phoenix to a "racist uncle" was mentioned in the judgment of an employment tribunal case Phoenix brought against her former employer.

Jo Phoenix
Joanna Phoenix (born 1964) is an academic author and professor of criminology in the United Kingdom. Phoenix writes about the policies and laws which surround various sexual activities and the social conditions which underpin them.

She is known for her gender critical views, in particular for campaigning for the right of cisgender women prisoners not to be incarcerated with transgender women prisoners. She was subjected to criticism and harassment for expressing these views as part of her academic work and, as a consequence, took and won legal actions against two former employers – the University of Essex and the Open University –  for their failure to take action against those responsible. The latter case was the more serious, since it involved senior academic colleagues rather than students and resulted in an employment tribunal finding that she had been constructively dismissed.
Mering
Mering (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːʁɪŋ]) is a municipality in the district Aichach-Friedberg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the river Paar.

First mentioned in records in 1021, Mering has a long history.

The growing town with its nearly 15,000 inhabitants (2021) profits from its good location between Munich and Augsburg. Engine of this growing popularity is the main railway station which connects Mering directly within 30 minutes to Munich and within 15 minutes to Augsburg. Mering is home to many shopping facilities within easy walking distance. Its motto is "Ihr Einkaufsort der kurzen Wege" (Your shopping centre of short distances).

Merimg is also known for its Baroque Catholic church St. Michael, built in 1789. A popular place is the recently redesigned main square (Marktplatz) with shops and restaurants in ancient buildings surrounding the fountain. Every Friday the local farmers' market takes place here.

Aichach-Friedberg
Aichach-Friedberg is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck and Landsberg, as well as by the city of Augsburg.
1981–82 Houston Cougars men's basketball team
The 1981–82 Houston Cougars men's basketball team represented the University of Houston in NCAA Division I competition in the 1981–82 season. This was the first of Houston's famous Phi Slama Jama teams, led by Rob Williams, Michael Young, Larry Micheaux, and future Hall of Famer Clyde Drexler. Another future Hall of Famer, Akeem Olajuwon, played sparingly off the bench that season.

Houston, coached by Guy Lewis, played its home games in the Hofheinz Pavilion in Houston, Texas, and was then a member of the Southwest Conference.

Clyde Drexler
Clyde Austin Drexler Sr. (born June 22, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player who currently works as the commissioner of the Big3 3-on-3 basketball league. Nicknamed "Clyde the Glide", he played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), spending a majority of his career with the Portland Trail Blazers before finishing with the Houston Rockets. He was a ten-time NBA All-Star, five time All-NBA Selection, and was named to the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams. Drexler led Portland to the NBA Finals in 1990 and 1992, won an NBA championship with Houston in 1995, and earned a gold medal on the 1992 United States Olympic team known as "The Dream Team". He was inducted twice into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, in 2004 for his individual career and in 2010 as a member of the "Dream Team". Drexler is often considered among the top basketball players and top shooting guards of all time.