hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fifth force
In physics, a fifth force is a hypothetical fundamental interaction (also known as fundamental force) beyond the four known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. 
Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observations that do not fit existing theories. The specific characteristics of a putative fifth force depend on which hypothesis is being advanced. No evidence to support these models has been found.

The term is also used as "the Fifth force" when referring to a specific theory advanced by Ephraim Fischbach in 1971 to explain experimental deviations in the theory of gravity. Later analysis failed to reproduce those deviations.

Inverse-square law
In physical science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity (being nothing more than the value of the physical quantity)  is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity. The fundamental cause for this can be understood as geometric dilution corresponding to point-source radiation into three-dimensional space.

Radar energy expands during both the signal transmission and the reflected return, so the inverse square for both paths means that the radar will receive energy according to the inverse fourth power of the range.

To prevent dilution of energy while propagating a signal, certain methods can be used such as a waveguide, which acts like a canal does for water, or how a gun barrel restricts hot gas expansion to one dimension in order to prevent loss of energy transfer to a bullet.
Glen Burnie (Hopkinsville, Kentucky)
Glen Burnie is a brick house situated near Hopkinsville, Kentucky. It dates from around 1830. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

It is a two-story, five-bay Federal-style house, with brick laid in Flemish bond. It has a central passage plan, a molded brick cornice and a Greek Revival-style porch which is believed to be original. It was originally L-shaped and a one-story extension was added later.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Brampton East (federal electoral district)
Brampton East (French: Brampton-Est) is a federal electoral district in Ontario. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Bramalea—Gore—Malton and Brampton—Springdale.

Brampton East was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election.

Brampton East has the highest proportion of South Asians in Canada (70.1% of the population identified as South Asian in 2021).  Brampton East also has the second-highest percentage of Sikhs (40.4%, behind only Surrey-Newton) and the highest percentage of Hindus (23.8%) of any riding in Canada. Brampton East has the lowest median age in Ontario at 32.6.

Brampton—Springdale (federal electoral district)
Brampton—Springdale was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until 2015, when it was abolished after the 2012 federal electoral redistribution.
Southwick Hill Tunnel
50°51′17″N 0°14′19″W﻿ / ﻿50.85472°N 0.23861°W﻿ / 50.85472; -0.23861

The Southwick Hill Tunnel is a 490-metre twin-bore road tunnel to the north of Southwick, England.

The tunnel was opened in early 1996 as part of the A27 Brighton bypass and carries the road under Southwick Hill. The border between West Sussex and the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove is close to the eastern entrance of the tunnel. Non-motorised traffic (e.g. pedestrians, cyclists) and mopeds under 50 cc are prohibited from using the tunnel, with a warning sign indicating an alternative route.

Southwick, West Sussex
Southwick (/ˈsaʊθwɪk/) is a town in the Adur district of West Sussex, England located five miles (8 km) west of Brighton. It covers an area of 863.7 ha (2,134 acres). In 2001 it had a population of 13,195.

The town is loosely divided into three sections: south of Brighton Road is the harbour with its associated industries and businesses; north of Brighton Road up to Old Shoreham Road is mainly residential properties dating from the middle of the nineteenth century to the 1950s; and the area between Old Shoreham Road and the South Downs being the most recent to be developed, also largely residential.

The main road which passes through the town is now designated the A259 coast road. The A27 road bypasses the town to its north.
Zamia oligodonta
Zamia oligodonta is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae, endemic to the department of Risaralda in the Western Cordillera of Colombia. It was described as a new species in 2003 by Eduardo Calderón-Sáenz and Dennis W. Stevenson. The species is distinguished from all other members of the genus Zamia by the combination elliptic leaflets with heavy veins that undulating plicate leaflets, thick sub-apical teeth on the leaflets, a acuminate or caudate leaflet apex, and no more than three leaves on the stem crown. It is part of the Wallisii subclade within Zamia, which also includes the closely related Z. wallisii and Z. montana.

Zamia
Zamia is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States (in Georgia and Florida) throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads, and is estimated to have originated about 68.3 million years ago.
Ziguinchor
Ziguinchor (French: [ziɡɛ̃ʃɔʁ]; Wolof: Siggcoor [siɡˑcɔːɾ]; Arabic: زيغينكور) is the capital of the Ziguinchor Region, and the chief town of the Casamance area of Senegal, lying at the mouth of the Casamance River. It has a population of 214,874 (2023 census). It is the eighth largest city of Senegal, but is nearly separated from the north of the country by the nation of The Gambia.

Unlike the semi-arid to arid north of Senegal, Ziguinchor has a tropical savanna climate, as it is under the influence of the West African Monsoon. It has an average annual accumulated rainfall of approximately 1,547 millimetres or 61 inches.

Bainuk people
The Bainuk people (also called Banyuk, Banun, Banyun, Bainouk, Bainunk, Banyum, Bagnoun, Banhum, Banyung, Ñuñ, Elomay, or Elunay) are an ethnic group that today lives primarily in Senegal as well as in parts of Gambia and Guinea-Bissau.
Astyages (grammarian)
Astyages (Ancient Greek: Ἀστυάγης) was a man of ancient Greece who was a grammarian who wrote a commentary on the poet Callimachus as well as some other treatises on grammatical subjects. We also find some mention of him in the scholia on Dionysius Thrax, derived from George Choiroboskos, which describes a work he wrote on the grammatical cases in Greek.

His time is unknown. We know only that he lived after the time of Callimachus (that is, the 3rd century BCE) and before the compilation of the Suda (that is, the 10th century CE), which is the earliest, and primary, source of information on this writer. Some scholars have surmised that he lived somewhere around the 1st or 2nd century CE based on his scholarly concerns with Hellenistic literature.

Dionysius Thrax
Dionysius Thrax (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος ὁ Θρᾷξ, romanized: Dionýsios ho Thrâix, 170–90 BC) was a Greek grammarian and a pupil of Aristarchus of Samothrace. He was long considered to be the author of the earliest grammatical text on the Greek language, one that was used as a standard manual for perhaps some 1,500 years, and which was until recently regarded as the groundwork of the entire Western grammatical tradition.
Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production
The Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production is an Annie Award given annually to the best animated direction in animated television or broadcast productions. Directing for television productions was first recognized at the 24th Annie Awards alongside feature film in the Best Achievement in Directing, though the next year a separate category would be created resulting in two directing categories, one for television/broadcasting productions and another for animated feature films.

Annie Awards
The Annie Awards are accolades which the Los Angeles branch of the International Animated Film Association, ASIFA-Hollywood, has presented each year since 1972 to recognize excellence in animation shown in American cinema and television. Originally designed to celebrate lifetime or career contributions to animation, the award has been given to individual works since 1992, becoming the biggest awards ceremony in the United States for the animation industry.

Membership in ASIFA-Hollywood is divided into three main categories: General Member (for professionals), Patron (for enthusiasts of animation), and Student Member. Members in each category pay a fee to belong to the branch. Selected professional members of the branch are permitted to vote to decide the awards.

The 48th and 49th Annie Awards ceremonies were held virtually on April 16, 2021, and March 12, 2022, respectively, due to the then ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Caricatures (Donald Byrd album)
Caricatures is an album by American trumpeter Donald Byrd recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1976. It was Byrd's final album for the label and his fifth straight release produced by Larry Mizell.

Mizell Brothers
The Mizell Brothers were an American record producing team in the 1970s, consisting of Larry Mizell (born February 17, 1944) and Alphonso "Fonce" Mizell (January 15, 1943 – July 5, 2011). They worked together on a string of jazz fusion, crossover jazz, soul, R&B, and disco records.
Kirakira Pretty Cure a la Mode
Kirakira PreCure a la Mode (Japanese: キラキラ☆プリキュアアラモード, Hepburn: Kirakira ☆ Purikyua Ara Mōdo; lit. "Glittering Pretty Cure à la Mode"), stylized as Kirakira☆PreCure a la Mode, is a 2017 Japanese magical girl anime series produced by Toei Animation and the fourteenth installment in Izumi Todo's Pretty Cure metaseries, featuring the twelfth generation of Cures. It is directed by Kohei Kureta and Yukio Kaizawa. Jin Tanaka wrote the script, and Marie Ino designed the characters. The cake and sweets designs were handled by pâtissière Junko Fukuda. The series began airing on all All-Nippon News Network stations in Japan on February 5, 2017, succeeding Witchy PreCure! in its timeslot.  It was then succeeded by Hug! PreCure on February 4, 2018. The series' main topics are happiness and creativity, with desserts and animals as its motifs.

Pretty Cure
The Pretty Cure series (プリキュアシリーズ, Purikyua Shirīzu; also titled Precure or PreCure) is a Japanese tokusatsu heroine, magical girl anime franchise created by Izumi Todo and produced by Toei Animation. Each series revolves around a group of magical girls known as Pretty Cures who battle against evil forces. Starting in February 2004 with Pretty Cure, the franchise has seen many anime series, spanning over 1000 episodes to date, as well as spawning movies, manga, toys, and video games. Its most recent iteration, Star Detective Precure!, began airing in February 2026 as part of TV Asahi's Sunday morning children's television block. As of December 2022, three series have received English adaptations, although many others have received english subtitle versions.
The Three Garcias
The Three Garcias (Spanish: Los tres García) is a 1947 Mexican comedy film by Ismael Rodríguez and starring Pedro Infante, Sara García, Abel Salazar and Marga López. It was shot at the Tepeyac Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Carlos Toussaint. A sequel The Garcias Return was released a few months later the same year.

For the film's exterior shots, the Delegation or City of Cuajimalpa (within modern Mexico City), was used, specially Parroquia San Pedro Apostol, which still provides religious services.  Pedro Infante fell in love with the town, the locals and countryside, to the point of building a large mansion just outside Cuajimalpa. He lived there until his death in 1957. The house stood there until the 1990s; it was later demolished and Husky Injection Molding Systems Mexico was constructed on the same site. The northwest exterior wall that surrounded Pedro's property still stands to this day.

Ismael Rodríguez
Ismael Rodríguez (October 19, 1917 – August 7, 2004) was a Mexican film director.

Rodríguez rose to fame due to the movies he directed starring Pedro Infante, and directed many major stars, including Dolores del Río, María Félix, Toshiro Mifune, Jorge Negrete, Sara García, Luis Aguilar, Tito Guízar, Gloria Marín, Carmelita González, Antonio Aguilar, Columba Domínguez and Flor Silvestre. He directed the film Ánimas Trujano (1961) for which he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film.

Rodríguez's most renowned international film is Tizoc, in which Pedro Infante starred alongside María Félix. For this role, Infante won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.

He died on 7 August 2004 at the age of 87.
Norton, Cuckney, Holbeck and Welbeck
Norton, Cuckney, Holbeck and Welbeck is a civil parish in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England.

The Norton and Cuckney, and the Holbeck and Welbeck parishes ceased to exist on 31 March 2023 (2023-03-31), after which they were merged into the present entity.

At the time of the 2011 census, the total population of the then independent civil parishes was 550, and this dropped to 530 in the 2021 census.

Bassetlaw District
Bassetlaw is a local government district in north Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Worksop; the other towns in the district are Retford, Tuxford and Harworth Bircotes. The district also contains numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

Bassetlaw is bounded to the south by the Newark and Sherwood and Mansfield districts, to the south-west by the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, to the north-west by the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham and the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, to the north by North Lincolnshire, and to the east by West Lindsey.

Bassetlaw has been a non-constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority since its estalishment in 2024.. Simultaneously, the district maintains an indirect relationship as a non-constituent member of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Authority.
Los Oficiales Elite
Los Oficiales Elite (Spanish for "The Elite Officials") was a Mexican professional wrestling group, called a stable who works primarily for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). The group is the latest incarnation of the IWRG stable Los Oficiales, with the two groups being rivals since Los Oficiales Elite was created in 2011. All three members were masked and used Police officer / SWAT team ring characters.

IWRG Rey del Ring
The IWRG Rey del Ring (Spanish for "King of the Ring") refers both to an annual tournament and a professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican Lucha libre professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). From 2002 until 2011 the IWRG Rey del Ring only referred to an annual 30-man tournament, but as of the 2011 tournament there is also a physical championship belt that is and can be defended throughout the year.

As it is a professional wrestling championship, the championship was not won not by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company.
University of Strathclyde Faculty of Science
The University of Strathclyde Faculty of Science is the faculty of science at the University of Strathclyde, in Glasgow, Scotland. The faculty contains a number of departments offering both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

The Faculty of Science is based on the John Anderson Campus. The faculty has over 3,000 students and receives a grant income for research of over £20million.

University of Strathclyde
The University of Strathclyde (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Shrath Chluaidh) is a public research university located in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1796 as the Andersonian Institute, it is Glasgow's second-oldest university, having received its royal charter in 1964 as the first technological university in the United Kingdom. Taking its name from the historic Kingdom of Strathclyde, its combined enrolment of 25,000 undergraduate and graduate students ranks it Scotland's third-largest university, drawn with its staff from over 100 countries.

The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £430.6 million of which £119.5 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £440.1 million.
Altona Volkspark
Altona Volkspark is a 205-hectare (507-acre) large urban park in the Hamburg district of Bahrenfeld, in the borough of Altona. Ahead of  Hamburg Stadtpark, it is the largest park in Hamburg. Altona Volkspark is located some 3 km off the inner city. The largest parks in the city-center are Planten un Blomen and Alsterpark.

Notably, Hamburger SV home ground Volksparkstadion, Barclaycard Arena and Volksbank Arena are located within the park's fringes.

Altona, Hamburg
Altona (German: [ˈaltonaː] ⓘ), also called Hamburg-Altona, is the westernmost urban borough (Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg. Located on the right bank of the Elbe river, Altona had a population of 270,263 in 2016.

From 1640 to 1864, Altona was under the administration of the Danish monarchy. Altona was an independent borough until 1937.
Bryski, Łódź Voivodeship
Bryski [ˈbrɨski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Świętej Małgorzaty, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Góra Świętej Małgorzaty, 12 km (7 mi) east of Łęczyca, and 31 km (19 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Góra Świętej Małgorzaty
Góra Świętej Małgorzaty (Polish: [ˈɡura ˈɕfjɛntɛj mawɡɔˈʐatɨ]; "St. Margaret's Mountain") is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Góra Świętej Małgorzaty. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Łęczyca and 32 km (20 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Picón
Picón is a municipality in Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 661. It was also a province in New Spain
39°03′N 4°04′W﻿ / ﻿39.050°N 4.067°W﻿ / 39.050; -4.067

Picón is also the name of blue cheeses made around the Asturias/Cantabria border in northern Spain, especially from the villages of Bejes and Tresviso.

And a type of traditional parang music.

Ciudad Real
Ciudad Real (US: /sjuːˌdɑːd reɪˈɑːl, -ˌðɑːð/, Spanish: [θjuˈðað reˈal] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It is the 5th most populated municipality in the region.

It was founded as Villa Real in 1255 as a royal demesne town and enclave long surrounded by territory belonging to the military order of Calatrava. Its history in the late middle ages was influenced by friction with the latter.
1959 Ryder Cup
The 13th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 6–7, 1959 at the Eldorado Country Club in Indian Wells, California. The United States team won the competition by a score of 81⁄2 to 31⁄2 points.

The British were again led by Dai Rees, but were unable to repeat the heroics of two years earlier and were comprehensively beaten on American soil. The Americans took a 21⁄2–11⁄2 lead in the foursomes before finishing off the British challenge in the singles by winning five matches with two matches finishing all square to win the cup back. The British won just one foursome match with Christy O'Connor and Peter Alliss beating Art Wall Jr. and Doug Ford by 3 & 2 and one singles match when Eric Brown beat Cary Middlecoff by 4 & 3 however by the time his match was won the United States had already won the competition.

Indian Wells, California
Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,757.

The city hosts the sixth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament, presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals, and one of the four mandatory WTA 1000 tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.
The Broad Arrow
The Broad Arrow; Being Passages from the History of Maida Gwynnham, a Lifer is an 1859 novel published by the English writer Caroline Woolmer Leakey under the pseudonym Oliné Keese. Set in Van Diemen's Land, it was one of the first novels to describe the Australian convict system and one of only two colonial novels to feature a female convict as its main character. It has been described as a precursor of the better-known For the Term of His Natural Life by Marcus Clarke (1870–72), who used Leakey's book as a source for his story.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
1995 Ford International Championships of Spain
The 1995 Ford International Championships of Spain was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona in Spain that was part of Tier II category of the 1995 WTA Tour. It was the 14th and last edition of the tournament and was held from 25 April through 30 April 1995. First-seeded Arantxa Sánchez Vicario won the singles title.

1995 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Jiāng (surname 江)
Jiang (Chinese: 江; Jyutping: Gong1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kang, also romanized Chiang, Kong, Kang) is a Chinese surname, accounting for 0.26% of the Han Chinese population. It is the 52nd most common Chinese surname and is the 141st surname listed in the Hundred Family Surnames poem, contained in the line 江童顏郭 (Jiāng, Tóng, Yán, Guō). It is the 75th most common surname in China (2007), and the 25th most common surname in Taiwan (2010).

Tong (surname)
Tong is a Chinese surname.  Tong as transcribed in English however represents of a number of different Chinese surnames.

There were 8,589 Tongs in the United States during the year 2000 census, making it the 3,075th surname overall and the 121st surname among Asian and Pacific Islanders.

Tong was also listed among the 200-most-common Chinese surnames in a 2010 survey of the Registered Persons Database of Canadian health card recipients in the province of Ontario. Tong may be the romanisation of the very common surname Zhang (張), as well as others such as Deng (鄧), Zhuang (莊), Teng (滕), and a number of Tongs (童, 同 and 佟).