hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Shasta (AE-33)
USS Shasta (AE-33) was a Kilauea-class replenishment ammunition ship of the United States Navy. She was named after Mount Shasta, a volcano in the Cascade Range in northern California. Shasta's mission was to support forward deployed aircraft carrier battle groups, which she accomplished through underway replenishment (known as "unrep") and vertical replenishment (known as "vertrep"). Over three decades, Shasta and her crew took part in the Vietnam War, the Cold War, the Iran–Iraq War, Desert Shield/Operation Desert Storm, and numerous other actions.

To accomplish her underway replenishment mission, Shasta utilized seven underway replenishment stations utilizing the Standard Tensioned Replenishment Alongside Method (STREAM), and utilized four cargo booms to load and unload cargo. To accomplish her vertical replenishment mission, Shasta embarked two CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters together with their air and maintenance crews; Shasta's ship's company ran the flight deck and tower.

Meritorious Unit Commendation
The Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC; pronounced muck) is a mid-level unit award of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Army awards units the Army MUC for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding achievement or service in combat or non-combat, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps award units the Navy MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service in combat or non-combat, and the U.S. Coast Guard awards units the Coast Guard MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service not involving combat.
Pikeville Commercial Historic District
The Pikeville Commercial Historic District in Pikeville, Kentucky, located at Main St. and Division Ave., is a 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  It included 10 contributing buildings and 12 non-contributing buildings.

It includes the four-story Pikeville Drug/Anthony Hotel building, built between 1920 and 1925.

Pikeville, Kentucky
Pikeville (/ˈpaɪkvəl/) is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Pike County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 7,754 as of the 2020 census. Pikeville serves as a regional economic, educational, and entertainment hub for the surrounding areas of eastern Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is home to the University of Pikeville and the Pikeville Cut-Through, the second-largest earthmoving project in the Western Hemisphere.
2015 Piala Belia
The 2015 Piala Belia (English: Youth Cup) was the fifth season of the Piala Belia since its establishment in 2008. The league involve the youth level (Under-19) football player of Malaysian football. Selangor became the champions of the 2015 Piala Belia.

Piala Belia
The Piala Belia (English: Youth Cup) is a youth football competition for under-18 players in Malaysia. The competition consists of youth squads from clubs competing in the Malaysian football league system and sports schools under the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). It exists alongside the developmental competition for under-21 players, the Piala Presiden.
1963 demonstrations in Iran
The demonstrations of 5 and 6 June, also called the events of June 1963 or (using the Iranian calendar) the 15 Khordad protests (Persian: تظاهرات پانزده خرداد), were protests in Iran against the arrest of Ruhollah Khomeini after his denouncement of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and Israel.  Although the protests were crushed within days by the police and military, the events established the importance and power of (Shia) religious opposition to the Shah, and Ayatollah Khomeini as a major political and religious leader. Fifteen years later, Khomeini led the Iranian Revolution which overthrew the Shah and the Imperial State of Iran and established the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Marja'
Marja' (Arabic: مرجع, romanized: marjiʿ ; plural marājiʿ ; lit. 'source to follow'  or 'religious reference') is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank. The highest ranking marjiʿ is known as the marja al-mutlaq or marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah.

Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja' emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (died 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (died 940 or 941) both being called the first marja'.

As of 2023, there are more than 50 living maraji, almost all residing in Iran or Iraq.
Sucralose
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups—in the C1 and C6 positions of the fructose portion and the C4 position of the glucose portion—to give a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide. Sucralose is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), 3 times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and 2 times as sweet as sodium saccharin.

The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability, and safety.

Sweetener
A sweetener is a substance added to food or drink to impart the flavor of sweetness, either because it contains a type of sugar, or because it contains a sweet-tasting sugar substitute. Various natural non-sugar sweeteners  (NSS) and artificial sweeteners are used to produce food and drink.
2016 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary
The 2016 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary, which took place on February 9, was the second major vote of the cycle. Donald Trump was declared the winner with 35.2% of the popular vote and picked up 11 delegates, while John Kasich emerged from a pack of candidates between 10 and 20% to capture second place with 15.8% of the vote and picked up four delegates.

Donald Trump swept to victory due to overwhelming 42% support among voters without a college degree. John Kasich managed second place due to his relatively strong support among higher-income Republican voters.

It occurred on the same day as the Democratic primary.

Chris Christie, Carly Fiorina, and Jim Gilmore dropped out of the race after poor showings in the primary.

New Hampshire Institute of Politics
The New Hampshire Institute of Politics (NHIOP) is an academic institute at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire.  Founded in 2001, the institute has hosted hundreds of potential candidates for the U.S. presidency.
Clavelina minuta
Clavelina minuta is a species of sea squirt found in Japan, that has been demonstrated to produce an intrinsic (non-secreted) green bioluminescence of 535 nm. Notably, this bioluminescence is not thought to be due to bacterial symbionts. Clavelina minuta is currently the only sea squirt (Ascidiacea) known to produce light, however old reports also report luminescence in Botryllus and Ciona. Amongst other tunicates, the unrelated Pyrosoma and Appendicularia (e.g. genus Oikopleura), which produce an intrinsic blue light, are bioluminescent, and genera Doliolum (Doliolidae) and Cyclosalpa (Salpidae) may also be bioluminescent.

Oikopleura
Oikopleura is a genus of tunicates in the class Appendicularia (larvaceans). It forms a mucus house every four hours at 20 degrees Celsius. This house has a coarse mesh to keep out big particles, and a fine mesh that collects the small particles, down to the nanoplankton that includes (pelagic) bacteria.

Abandoned mucus houses sink to the deep, collecting organic particles during their descent. They make an important contribution to marine snow, since Oikopleura is abundant and filters very actively, using powerful strokes of its tail. Its abundance is less obvious from preserved samples (that are usually analyzed) because the gelatinous body disappears in the preservation process while leaving hardly any trace.

Species of Oikopleura have the smallest genomes in the animal kingdom, only about 75Mb.

Oikopleura contains bioluminescent species. About half of Oikopleura species are bioluminescent.
Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or an existing drug into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. The patients could be either humans or animals. Pharmaceutics helps relate the formulation of drugs to their delivery and disposition in the body. Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.

New chemical entity
A new chemical entity (NCE) is, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a novel, small, chemical molecule drug that is undergoing clinical trials or has received a first approval (not a new use) by the FDA in any other application submitted under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

A new molecular entity (NME) is a broader term that encompasses both an NCE or an NBE (New Biological Entity).
Valeria Mantovan
Valeria Mantovan (born 2 August 1990) is an Italian politician from Veneto. Born in Rovigo, she is half-Egyptian and has a degree in law.

She joined politics in right-wing youth organisations and is now a member of Brothers of Italy (FdI). In 2022 Mantovan was elected mayor of Porto Viro for the centre-right coalition with 54.6% of the vote. In 2024 she was appointed regional minister of Education, Formation, Labour and Equal Opportunities in Luca Zaia's third government, replacing party-mate Elena Donazzan (who had been elected to the European Parliament in the 2024 EP election), and, upon taking office, resigned from mayor.

Luca Zaia
Luca Zaia (born 27 March 1968) is an Italian politician, who was President of Veneto from 2010 to 2025. He often rose to prominence for his positions contrasting the lines of his own party,  including support of initiatives to tackle climate change, his support of gender-affirming surgery, and  push for the recognition of transgender people to identify with their preferred sex, advocacy against homophobia and antisemitism, and his views on immigration with his model of "integrazione diffusa" (a redistributive framework where immigrants' quota are spread across municipalities) of migrants coming to Europe.

Prior to that, Zaia was President of the Province of Treviso from 1998 to 2005, Vice President of Veneto from 2005 to 2008 and Minister of Agriculture in Silvio Berlusconi's fourth cabinet from 2008 to 2010.
Deeg Palace
Deeg Palace is a historical monument in Deeg district in the Indian state of Rajasthan built in the 18th century as a luxurious summer resort by the rulers of the Bharatpur State. It was strategically positioned near Agra and served as a refuge during invasions. It is the only Hindu-style palace in North India and it is a perfect blend of Mughal and Rajput architecture. The palace was in use until the early 1970s and currently it is preserved as a monument by the Government of Rajasthan.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Abouriou
Abouriou (French pronunciation: [abuʁju]; French spelling of Occitan aboriu, early) is a red French wine grape variety grown primarily in Southwest France and, in small quantities, California. It is a blending grape that, along with Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Fer, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot, is used to make the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) wine of Côtes du Marmandais. Abouriou can also be made into a varietal, as it is used in some vin de pays wines. The grape is known for its low acidity and high tannin content.

Though Abouriou shares several synonyms (alternative names other than the full botanical name) with the Beaujolais grape Gamay, their morphology differs and DNA evidence has shown the two varieties to be distinct. In California, the grape is sometimes called Early Burgundy, another allusion to Gamay. With a tendency to bud and ripen early, the vine produces high yields and vigorous growth with a relatively high resistance to most grape diseases.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and  British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

This grape variety appeared in France in the 17th century as a result of natural crossbreeding. Its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticulture hazards.

The classic profile of Cabernet Sauvignon tends to be full-bodied wines with high tannins and noticeable acidity that contributes to the wine's aging potential. In cool areas, it has flavors of blackcurrant and green pepper; in warmer places, it may taste like black cherry and olive; in very hot climates, it can have a jammy flavor.
Martin Nag
Martin Gunnar Nag (30 July 1927 – 2 May 2015) was a Norwegian literary historian, literary critic, poet, essayist, translator and biographer. He was born in Stavanger.

He was a specialist on Slavic literature, and has translated Russian, Bulgarian and Czech literature into Norwegian language. Among his books are Uro, Rød lørdag from 1976 and Steingjerde from 1991. He has published works on Norwegian writers, such as Knut Hamsun, Sigbjørn Obstfelder, Rudolf Nilsen, Nordahl Grieg and Alexander Kielland, as well as Russian writers, including Dostoyevsky, Turgenev and Tolstoy. Not appointed to the academic position he desired, he was nonetheless a government scholar from 1987.

Nag issued his last book in the spring of 2015. He died in Oslo, Norway near the age of 88.

Alexander Kielland
Alexander Lange Kielland (Norwegian: [ɑɫɛˈksɑ̀ndər ˈlɑ̂ŋːə ˈçɛ̂lːɑn]; 18 February 1849 – 6 April 1906) was a Norwegian realistic writer of the 19th century. He is one of the so-called "The Four Greats" of Norwegian literature, along with Henrik Ibsen, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson and Jonas Lie.
John L. Goldwater
John Leonard Goldwater (born Max Leonard Goldwasser, February 14, 1916 – February 26, 1999) co-founded (with Maurice Coyne and Louis Silberkleit) MLJ Comics (later known as Archie Comics), and served as editor and co-publisher for many years. In the mid-1950s he was a key proponent and custodian of the comic book censorship guidelines known as the Comics Code Authority.

Veronica Lodge
Veronica Cecilia Lodge is one of the main characters in the Archie Comics franchise, and is the keyboardist and one of the three vocalists of rock band The Archies.

She is from New York but currently resides in the town of Riverdale, with her parents Hiram Lodge and Hermione Lodge. She is portrayed by Camila Mendes in Riverdale and Suhana Khan in The Archies.
Transwestern Airlines
Transwestern Airlines was a regional airline based in Logan, Utah, its hub was at the Salt Lake City International Airport. Founded in 1976, the carrier began service on most of the routes abandoned by Sun Valley Key Airlines. For a period in 1978 and 1979 the airline went by the name of Transwestern Airlines of Utah. In 1983 Transwestern was acquired by Horizon Air.

Key Airlines
Key Airlines was founded as Thunderbird Airlines in 1964 and then changed its name in 1969.
The airline took over Sun Valley Airlines in 1972 and became known as Sun Valley Key Airlines
for several years until reverting to the Key Airlines name. The airline began as a commuter and charter air carrier in the western United States flying turboprop and prop aircraft. In later years, Key Airlines operated a hub in Savannah, Georgia with scheduled passenger flights operated with mainline jet aircraft to international and domestic destinations.
Ducati L-twin engine
The L-twin is a naturally aspirated two-cylinder petrol engine by Ducati. It uses a 90-degree layout and 270-degree firing order and is mounted with one cylinder nearly horizontal.

The next new Ducati engine to appear after the Ducati Apollo was the 90° V-twin, initial Grand Prix racing versions being 500 cc, and the production bikes were 750 cc. There was also the Ducati 750 Imola Desmo that won at Imola in 1972. These engines had bevel gear shaft drive to the overhead camshaft, and were produced in round, square, and Mille crankcases. In the 1980s, these gave way to the belt drive camshaft engines that have continued to this day, in air-cooled and liquid-cooled form. The Mille used a plain bearing crank, like the belt models.

Ducati Supersport
The Ducati Supersport and SS are a series of air-cooled four stroke desmodromic 2-valve 90° L-twin motorcycles made by Ducati from 1988 to 2007. A limited edition Supersport called the SuperLight was sold in 1992. The name harked back to the round case 1973 Ducati 750 Super Sport, and the 1975 square case 750 and 900 Super Sport. The appellation 'SS' was applied only to the later belt drive (Pantah) based models.
García Ramírez of Viguera
García Ramírez (Basque: Gartzea Ramirez; dead after 1005) was the third and last King of Viguera, from around 1002 until his death after 1005. From 991 he appears in royal charters of his uncle Sancho II, along with his brother Sancho Ramírez. It is unclear if he was acting as co-king or only took control of Viguera at his brother's death, about 1002. Little is known about his reign, other than his marriage to a woman named Toda.

García and Toda had the following children:

Toda Garcés, known to have been married to Fortún Sánchez, who was tenant-in-chief of several lands, including Nájera. He was milk brother and close friend to Sancho III of Pamplona and later friend of his son García Sánchez III, with whom he died in the Battle of Atapuerca in 1054.

Fronilla or Fronilde Garcés. In 1054, declaring herself daughter of García Ramírez and Toda, gave away all her lands and belongings to the Monastery of Irache.

Battle of Atapuerca
The Battle of Atapuerca was fought on 1 September 1054 at the site of Piedrahita ("standing stone") in the valley of Atapuerca between two brothers, King García Sánchez III of Navarre and King Ferdinand I of Castile.

The Castilians won and King García and his favourite Fortún Sánchez were killed in battle. Ferdinand reannexed Navarrese territory he conceded to García 17 years earlier after his brother's assistance at Pisuerga.
2-Hydroxy-3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid
MOPSO is a zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent; one of Good's buffers. MOPSO and MOPS (3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid) are chemically similar, differing only in the presence of a hydroxyl group on the C-2 of the propane moiety. It has a useful pH range of 6.5-7.9 in the physiological range, making it useful for cell culture work. It has a pKa of 6.9 with ΔpKa/°C of -0.015 and a solubility in water at 0°C of 0.75 M.

MOPSO has been used as a buffer component for:

Copper analysis via:
Flow injection micellar technique of the catalytic reaction of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone and N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyaniline
Electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy to measure MOPSO-copper chelated complexes

Discontinuous gel electrophoresis on rehydratable polyacrylamide gels

Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar

Fixing cells in urine in a buffered alcohol

Testing crude oil bioremediation products in marine environments

Zwitterion
In chemistry, a zwitterion (/ˈtsvɪtərˌaɪɔːn/ TSVIT-ər-EYE-awn; from German  Zwitter [ˈtsvɪtɐ] 'hermaphrodite'), also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.
(1,2-dipolar compounds, such as ylides, are sometimes excluded from the definition.)

Some zwitterions, such as amino acid zwitterions, are in chemical equilibrium with an uncharged "parent" molecule. Betaines are zwitterions that cannot isomerize to an all-neutral form, such as when the positive charge is located on a quaternary ammonium group. Similarly, a molecule containing a phosphonium group and a carboxylate group cannot isomerize.
Swarachakra
Swarachakra (Devanagari: स्वरचक्र) is a free text input application developed by the IDIN group at Industrial Design Center (IDC), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay for Indic scripts. Swarachakra's alphabetical keyboard layout performed better than the Inscript layout (a QWERTY-based design and government standard in India). As of 2014, it is available for Android devices in twelve languages.

Work on other languages is in progress. This is one of the many projects taken up to develop interactive products for developing countries at IDC.

IIT Bombay
The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay or IITB) is a public research university and technical institute in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The institute has 17 academic departments, 35 additional academic centres, and three schools.
Established in 1958, IIT Bombay was designated as an Institution of Eminence in 2018.
Luke Kelly
Luke Kelly (17 November 1940 – 30 January 1984) was an Irish singer, folk musician and actor from Dublin, Ireland. Born into a working-class household in the city, he moved to England in his late teens and became involved in the folk music revival there. After returning to Dublin in the early 1960s, he co-founded the Dubliners in 1962. Known for his distinctive singing style and occasional political themes, Kelly has been described by The Irish Post and other commentators as one of Ireland's greatest folk singers.

The Ed Sullivan Show
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to March 28, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.

In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked No. 15 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No. 31 in TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time.
Tsse (Cyrillic)
Tsse (Ꚑ ꚑ; italics: Ꚑ ꚑ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. The shape of the letter originated as a ligature of the Cyrillic letters Te (Т т Т т) and Es (С с С с). Its form resembles a T with an ogonek attached on its bottom.

Tsse was used in the Abkhaz language, where it represented the labialized alveolo-palatal ejective affricate /t͡ɕʷʼ/. It is a Cyrillic letter corresponding to Ҵә.

Te (Cyrillic)
Te (Т т; italics: Т т or Т т; italics: Т т) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiceless dental stop /t̪/, like the pronunciation of ⟨t⟩ in "tool". In most cursive writing, lowercase Te looks like the Latin lowercase m.
Whitson
Whitson is a village on the outskirts of the city of Newport, South Wales. It is located about 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Newport city centre on the Caldicot Levels, a large area of coastal land reclaimed from the sea. Administratively, Whitson is part of the community of Goldcliff.

Putcher fishing
Putcher fishing is a type of fishing (usually of salmon) which employs multiple putcher baskets, set in a fixed wooden frame, against the tide in a river estuary, notably on the River Severn, in England and South East Wales. Putchers are placed in rows, standing four or five high, in a wooden "rank" set out against the incoming and/or outgoing tides.

Traditionally the putcher was made of hazel rods with withy (willow) plait, both materials being grown locally on the Caldicot and Wentloog Levels. Modern baskets made of steel or aluminium wire were introduced in the 1940s and 1950s.