hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Belton flintlock
The Belton flintlock was a repeating flintlock design using superposed loads, conceived by Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, resident Joseph Belton some time prior to 1777. The musket design was offered by Belton to the newly formed Continental Congress in 1777. Belton wrote that the musket could fire eight rounds with one loading, and that he could support his claims "by experimental proof." Belton failed to sell the musket to Congress, and later was unable to sell the design to the British Army a year after the American Revolution. There are no records that indicate that the gun was ever supplied, and it is uncertain if or how exactly the Belton improvement operated.

Flintlock
Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint-striking ignition mechanism, the first of which appeared in Western Europe in the early 16th century. The term may also apply to a particular form of the mechanism itself, also known as the true flintlock, that was introduced in the early 17th century, and gradually replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock, the wheellock, and the earlier flintlock mechanisms such as the snaplock and snaphaunce.

The true flintlock continued to be in common use for over two centuries, replaced by percussion cap and, later, the cartridge-based systems in the early-to-mid 19th century. Although long superseded by modern firearms, flintlock weapons enjoy continuing popularity with black-powder shooting enthusiasts.
Kyūshū campaign
The Kyūshū campaign of 1586–1587 was part of the campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi who sought to dominate Japan at the end of the Sengoku period. Having subjugated much of Honshū and Shikoku, Hideyoshi turned his attention to the southernmost of the main Japanese islands, Kyūshū.

Satsuma Province
Satsuma Province (薩摩国, Satsuma no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.tsɯ.ma (no kɯ.ɲi), sa.tsɯ.maꜜ-]) was an old province of Japan that is now the western half of Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. Its abbreviation was Sasshū (薩州).
Rachmaninoff (vodka)
Rachmaninoff  is a German-produced vodka sold as a private-label spirit by the discount supermarket chain Lidl. The spirit is named after the Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff.

In the International Wine and Spirit Competition it received a gold award in 2015, a silver award in 2016, and a silver award in 2018.

The brand makes both 37.5%, subsequently introducing a 40% ABV variant for selected markets., (with red and blue coloured labels, respectively). Alongside its unflavoured vodkas, the brand offers flavoured and ready-to-drink off-shoots such as Rachmaninoff Vodka Lemon, which earned a silver medal in the IWSC Alternative Drinks category in 2022.

Lidl
Lidl (LEE-dəl, German: [ˈliːdl̩] ⓘ) is a trademark used by two German international discount supermarket chains that operates over 12,950 stores. LD Stiftung operates the stores in Germany and Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG in 30 other countries. LD Stiftung is headquartered in Bad Wimpfen and the Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG in Neckarsulm, both in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Both sister companies belong to the Schwarz Group, which also includes hypermarket chain Kaufland.

Lidl is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Aldi in several markets.
Tensiometer (surface tension)
In surface science, a tensiometer is a measuring instrument used to measure the surface tension (γ) of liquids or surfaces. Tensiometers are used in research and development laboratories to determine the surface tension of liquids like coatings, lacquers or adhesives. A further application field of tensiometers is the monitoring of industrial production processes like parts cleaning or electroplating.

Surface science
Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics. Some related practical applications are classed as surface engineering. The science encompasses concepts such as heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductor device fabrication, fuel cells, self-assembled monolayers, and adhesives. Surface science is closely related to interface and colloid science. Interfacial chemistry and physics are common subjects for both. The methods are different. In addition, interface and colloid science studies macroscopic phenomena that occur in heterogeneous systems due to peculiarities of interfaces.
Barry Heffernan
Barry Heffernan (born 26 August 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Nenagh Éire Óg and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left corner-back.

2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. It is the top tier of senior inter-county championship hurling.

The championship began on 1 May 2016 and ended on 4 September 2016.

Kilkenny were the defending champions. Kerry qualified for the competition for the first time since 2004

Tipperary won the title for the 27th time and for the first time since 2010, defeating Kilkenny in the final, 2–29 to 2–20.
1980 California League season
The 1980 California League was a Class A baseball season played between April 10 and August 31. Nine teams played a 140-game schedule, as the winner of each half of the season qualifying for the playoffs.

The Stockton Ports won the California League championship, as they defeated the Visalia Oaks in the final round of the playoffs.

Stockton Ports
The Stockton Ports are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the Athletics. They are located in Stockton, California, and are named for the city's seaport. The team plays its home games at Banner Island Ballpark which opened in 2005 and seats over 5,000 people.

The Ports were established in 1941 as members of the California League and have won the California League championship 11 times.
Wii Play: Motion
Wii Play: Motion is a 2011 party video game published by Nintendo for the Wii. The sequel to the 2006 game Wii Play, it was released in North America on June 13, 2011; Europe on June 24; Australia on June 30; and Japan on July 7, 2011.

Unlike the original game, which was developed entirely by Nintendo, the twelve minigames were outsourced to numerous developers alongside Nintendo; these included Prope, Vanpool, and Skip Ltd., among others. Wii Play: Motion was released as a bundle with a Wii Remote Plus (red in Europe and black in other regions). The game is the final game in the Wii series to be released on the Wii.

The game received mixed reviews from critics upon release, though it was generally considered to be superior to its predecessor.

Vanpool (company)
Vanpool, Inc. was an independent Japanese video game, music software, computer software and toy developer. Its employees included Taro Kudo and Kazuyuki Kurashima, both of whom worked for the independent game developer Love-de-Lic. The company was primarily known for its work on the Dillon's Rolling Western and Kirby series. Vanpool shut down on May 31, 2023.
Death Row: The Singles Collection
Death Row: The Singles Collection is a compilation album released in 2007 by CEO of Death Row Recordings, Suge Knight, it contains hard to find remixes and b sides by artists such as Snoop Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, 2Pac, Dr. Dre plus more. This has been removed from Apple Music

Daz Dillinger
Delmar Drew Arnaud (born May 25, 1973), known professionally as Daz Dillinger or simply Daz (formerly Dat Nigga Daz), is an American rapper and record producer. As a member of Death Row Records in the early 1990s, he is credited with the label in pioneering West Coast hip hop and gangsta rap for mainstream audiences. Alongside Kurupt, he formed the hip hop duo Tha Dogg Pound in 1992, with whom he has released eight albums.

Arnaud learned production from Dr. Dre; his first major production credit was on Dre's debut solo album, The Chronic (1992). He further produced for his cousin, Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle (1993), as well as Tupac Shakur's All Eyez on Me (1996). His debut studio album, Retaliation, Revenge and Get Back (1998) peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200 and served as his only project with Death Row before founding his own label, Gangsta Advisory Records in 2000 and co-founding D.P.G. Recordz with Soopafly that same year.
Stefán Númi Stefánsson
Stefán Númi Stefánsson (born 1 August 1995) is an Icelandic professional American football player, where he plays as an offensive tackle for Nordic Storm in the European League of Football.  Stefán is also a former basketball player.

Austrian Football League
The Austrian Football League (AFL) is a professional American football league in Austria. The league currently comprises eight teams, and operates on a system of promotion and relegation. It plays by rules based on those of the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Founded in 1982, the AFL is the highest tier level of American football in the country; below is a tier pyramid system consisting of teams playing in divisions I through IV. Winners of each division move up to the next level of play. The AFL is considered among the best and strongest leagues in Europe.
2017 AFC Cup
The 2017 AFC Cup was the 14th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Defending champions Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya defeated Istiklol in the final to win their second AFC Cup title.

ASEAN Football Federation
The ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) is an organisation within the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and is an international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer in Southeast Asia. It consists of the federations of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The AFF was founded by member states of, and is officially associated with, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), even though it also includes Australia, a pacific nation, after leaving Oceania Football Confederation in 2006.
It's Hard to Be Good
It's Hard to Be Good is a 1948 British comedy film directed by Jeffrey Dell and starring Jimmy Hanley, Anne Crawford and Raymond Huntley. In the film, an ex-army officer finds his altruistic attempts to improve the world are unsuccessful.

It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alex Vetchinsky.

Denham Film Studios
Denham Film Studios was a British film production studio operating from 1936 to 1952, founded by Alexander Korda, in Buckinghamshire.

Notable films made at Denham include Brief Encounter and David Lean's Great Expectations. From the 1950s to the 1970s the studio became best known for recording film music, including the scores for Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, and Star Wars.

The studio buildings were demolished in 1981 and the site re-landscaped as a business park; as of 2017 it has been turned over to residential use.
Chris Thomason
Steven Christopher Thomason (born December 30, 1972) is an American lawyer, former Arkansas state representative, former prosecutor, former chancellor of the University of Arkansas Community College at Hope, and current UA System Vice President for Planning and Development. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Hope, Arkansas
Hope is a city in Hempstead County in southwestern Arkansas, United States. Hope is the county seat of Hempstead County and the principal city of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Hempstead and Nevada counties. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,095, and for the 2020 census, the population was 8,952.

Hope is the birthplace of three Arkansas governors: Bill Clinton (also President of the United States from 1993 to 2001), Mike Huckabee (who ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016), and Sarah Huckabee Sanders (the incumbent governor and daughter of Mike Huckabee).
Cadwgan ap Bleddyn
Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1051–1111) was a prince of the Kingdom of Powys (Welsh: Teyrnas Powys) in north eastern Wales. He (possibly born 1060) was the second son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn who was king of both Kingdom of Powys and Gwynedd.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle stated: "the Welsh ... chose many leaders from among themselves, one of them was called Cadwgan, who was the finest of the all".

The Welsh ruling kingdoms had descended to civil strife during the Norman invasion of Wales. Bleddyn, Cadwgan's father was killed in 1075 in the 'battle of Gwdig' (Goodwick) by the neighboring kingdom of Deheubarth and Prince Rhys ab Owain with the nobles of Ystrad Tywi; his family avenged his death when his cousin Trahaearn ap Caradog retaliated in the battle of Goodwick. After this, the Kingdom of Powys was divided between three of Bleddyn's sons: Cadwgan, Iorwerth and Maredudd.

Rhys ab Owain
Rhys ab Owain (died 1078) was a king of Deheubarth in southern Wales.

Rhys was the son of Owain ab Edwin of the line of Hywel Dda, and member of the Dinefwr dynasty. His ancestry was formally traced in his name Owain ab Edwin ab Einion ab Owain ap Hywel Dda. He followed his brother Maredudd as king of Deheubarth in 1072. Together with the nobility of Ystrad Tywi, he was implicated in the killing of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn king of Gwynedd and Powys in 1075.

In 1078 he was defeated by Trahaearn ap Caradog, who had followed Bleddyn on the throne of Gwynedd, in a battle at Gwdig (modern day Goodwick). Later the same year Rhys was killed by Caradog ap Gruffydd of Gwent. His defeat and death were hailed in the annals as "vengeance for the blood of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn".

Rhys was followed as king of Deheubarth by his second cousin, Rhys ap Tewdwr.
2024–25 SailGP championship
The 2024–25 SailGP Championship, officially the Rolex SailGP 2025 Championship, was the fifth season of the SailGP championship. The season was contested over twelve sail grands prix held at venues around the world. The season saw Emirates GBR win both their first title in the season championship and the impact league, becoming the first team to be double crowned.

Australia SailGP Team
Australia SailGP Team, officially the Bonds Flying Roos, is an Australian sailing team which participates in the international SailGP championship. Established in 2019 for the inaugural season of SailGP, the team has been led by driver and CEO Tom Slingsby since its creation. The team are three-time champions, having won the first three seasons of the competition.
Sankt Hans Torv
Sankt Hans Torv (lit. 'St. John's Marketplace') is a public square in the heart of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is dominated by a large granite sculpture by Jørgen Haugen Sørensen and is known for its thriving café scene. St. John's Church, the largest and oldest church in Nørrebro, is situated just east of the square.

Located close to the major shopping street Nørrebrogade and The Lakes, the square is a major junction in the area where the streets Blegdamsvej, Nørre Allé, Guldbergsgade, Elmegade, Fælledvej and Sankt Hans Gade meet.

Nørrebrogade
Nørrebrogade is the principal shopping street of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from The Lakes in the southeast to Nørrebro station in the northwest, linking Frederiksborggade and Queen Louise's Bridge with Frederikssundsvej. The street passes Assistens Cemetery, Nørrebro Runddel and the Superkilen linear park. Buildings include the multipurpose venue Nørrebrohallen and two churches.
Equivalent rectangular bandwidth
The equivalent rectangular bandwidth or ERB is a measure used in psychoacoustics, which gives an approximation to the bandwidths of the filters in human hearing, using the unrealistic but convenient simplification of modeling the filters as rectangular band-pass filters, or band-stop filters, like in tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT).

Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system. It is the branch of science studying the psychological responses associated with sound, including noise, speech, and music. Psychoacoustics is an interdisciplinary field including psychology, acoustics, electronic engineering, physics, biology, physiology, and computer science.
Protechnik
Protechnik was a front company established on 24 June 1987 by the South African Defence Force to perform quality assurance testing of chemical protective materials and equipment within a covert operation known as Project Coast.

Founded by Dr. Jan Lourens, a bio-engineering consultant at Roodeplaat Research Laboratories,  as Systems Research and Development (SRD), with funding provided by the Medical arm of the SADF. Protechnik's shareholders would include Medchem Consolidated Investments (MCI), WPW Investments (a firm belonging to Wouter Basson) the Luxembourg-based Charburn Enterprises. According to testimony provided in the Wouter Basson trial, Protechnik was involved in reverse engineering Chemical Agent Monitors.

The company is now a subsidiary of Armscor.

Armscor (South Africa)
Armscor (stylized as ARMSCOR), the Armaments Corporation of South Africa is the arms procurement agency of the South African Department of Defence.  It was originally established in 1968 as an arms production company, by Freve and Rapelang primarily as a response to the international sanctions by the United Nations against South Africa due to apartheid which began in 1963 and were formalised in 1977.
Colorado State Highway 109
State Highway 109 (SH 109) is a 65.327 mi (105.134 km) long state highway in southeastern Colorado. SH 109's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 160 (US 160) north of Kim, and the northern terminus a continuation north as Grand Avenue in Cheraw.

U.S. Route 160 in Colorado
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Tuba City, Arizona, to Poplar Bluff, Missouri. In the state of Colorado, US 160 starts at the New Mexico state line southwest of Cortez and ends at the Kansas state line east of Springfield.
Federico Giunti
Federico Giunti (Italian pronunciation: [fedeˈriːko ˈdʒunti]; born 6 August 1971) is an Italian former footballer turned manager, who played as a midfielder in the role of deep-lying playmaker. He was most recently the current manager of Milan Primavera.

1998–99 Serie A
The 1998–99 Serie A saw Milan win their 16th Scudetto, led by coach Alberto Zaccheroni. Lazio finished second, losing the title on the last day. Inter Milan, with an often injured or rested Ronaldo, had a disastrous season, finishing in 8th position, whereas Juventus' impressive start was cut short by a bad injury to Alessandro Del Piero, and they wound up having an unimpressive season.
Rosalind Eeles
Rosalind Anne Eeles is a Professor of Oncogenetics at the Institute of Cancer Research and clinician at the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. She is a leader in the field of genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer, and is known for the discovery of 14 genetic variants involved in prostate cancer predisposition. According to ResearchGate, Eeles has published more than 500 articles in peer-reviewed journals, with over 34,000 citations and an h-index of 92. Eeles was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Science in 2012. She was awarded a National Institute for Health Research Senior Investigator Emeritus in 2014.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Korea Ginseng Corporation
KGC (originally Korea Ginseng Corporation, Korea Ginseng Corp. Korean : 한국인삼공사, Hanguk Insam Gongsa) is a ginseng company in South Korea. KGC's representative ginseng brand 'Cheong Kwan Jang's  (정관장 正官庄) share in korean ginseng market is known to be dominant around over 80% and also accounted for to be 35% of Korea's total health products market in 2011.

KGC produces popular Korean Red Ginseng products under the brand name 'Cheong Kwan Jang' in such different format as Korean Red Ginseng Heaven/Earth/Good, Korean Red Ginseng Extract, Korean Red Ginseng Powder, Honeyed Korean Red Ginseng Slices, Korean Red Ginseng Tonic, etc in order to meet with consumers various demand. It has expanded outside Korea, especially into the East Asian market like China and Taiwan.

KGC is a subsidiary company of KT&G, and its two headquarters are in Seoul and Daejeon.

Ginseng
Ginseng (/ˈdʒɪnsɛŋ/) is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.

Ginseng has been used in the traditional medicine of Korea and China for centuries, although there is no clinical evidence that it has any therapeutic effects. There is no substantial evidence that ginseng is effective for treating any medical condition and it has not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat or prevent a disease or to provide a health benefit. Although ginseng is sold as a dietary supplement, inconsistent manufacturing practices for supplements have led to analyses of some ginseng products contaminated with unrelated filler compounds, and its excessive use may have adverse effects or untoward interactions with prescription drugs.
Liam Dudding
Liam Raymond Dudding (born 13 June 1994) is a New Zealand cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Central Districts on 15 March 2016 in the 2015–16 Plunket Shield. He made his List A debut for Central Districts on 25 January 2017 in the 2016–17 Ford Trophy.

Dudding was educated at St John's College, Hastings. An opening bowler, he has played Hawke Cup cricket for Hawke's Bay since 2015. He became a full-time contracted player for Central Districts in July 2022. His best first-class bowling figures are 5 for 65 and 3 for 28 in the Plunket Shield match against Wellington in November 2022.

Central Districts cricket team
The Central Stags, formerly known as Central Districts, are a first-class cricket team based in central New Zealand. They are the men's representative side of the Central Districts Cricket Association. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one-day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are one of six teams that make up New Zealand Cricket. They were the fifth of the current teams to compete in the Plunket Shield which they entered for the first time in the 1950/51 season, and are the only men's first-class side representing regions in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.