hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fitting subgroup
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, the Fitting subgroup F of a finite group G, named after Hans Fitting, is the unique largest normal nilpotent subgroup of G.  Intuitively, it represents the smallest subgroup which "controls" the structure of G when G is solvable. When G is not solvable, a similar role is played by the generalized Fitting subgroup F*, which is generated by the Fitting subgroup and the components of G.

For an arbitrary (not necessarily finite) group G, the Fitting subgroup is defined to be the subgroup generated by the nilpotent normal subgroups of G. For infinite groups, the Fitting subgroup is not always nilpotent.

The remainder of this article deals exclusively with finite groups.

Group extension
In mathematics, a group extension is a general means of describing a group in terms of a particular normal subgroup and quotient group.  If  and  are two groups, then  is an extension of  by  if there is a short exact sequence

If  is an extension of  by , then  is a group,  is a normal subgroup of  and the quotient group  is isomorphic to the group .  Group extensions arise in the context of the extension problem, where the groups  and  are known and the properties of  are to be determined. Note that the phrasing " is an extension of  by " is also used by some.

Since any finite group  possesses a maximal normal subgroup  with simple factor group , all finite groups may be constructed as a series of extensions with finite simple groups. This fact was a motivation for completing the classification of finite simple groups.

An extension is called a central extension if the subgroup  lies in the center of .
Pierre Vandier
Pierre Vandier (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ vɑ̃dje]; born 26 October 1967) is a French naval officer who serves as Supreme Allied Commander Transformation.

He served as the Chief of the Naval Staff from 1 September 2020 to 31 August 2023, after having been head of the military cabinet of the French Minister of the Armed Forces from 1 September 2018 to 31 August 2020, and commanding officer of the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle from 2013 to 2015.

Chief of Staff of the French Navy
The Chief of the Naval Staff (French: Chef d’état-major de la Marine, pronounced [ʃɛf deta maʒɔʁ də la maʁin], abbr. CEMM) is a French general officer, adviser to the Chief of the Defence Staff for the French Navy and responsible to the Minister of the Armed Forces for preparing the Navy for its engagement. Since 1 September 2023, the Chief of the Naval Staff has been Admiral Nicolas Vaujour.
Neopostega asymmetra
Neopostega asymmetra is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is known only from the type locality, in the Atlantic coastal forest in southern Brazil.

The length of the forewings is about 3 mm. Adults are almost entirely white. Adults are on wing in January

Opostegidae
Opostegidae or "white eyecap moths" is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera that is characterised by particularly large eyecaps over the compound eyes (see also Nepticulidae, Bucculatricidae, Lyonetiidae). Opostegidae are most diverse in the New World tropics (83 described species, representing 42% of the world total).

These small, whitish moths are probably miners in plant stems. Examples of host plants used in Europe are Lycopus, Mentha and Rumex, but their biology is poorly known. The subfamily Oposteginae comprises 87 described species and Opostegoidinae includes 15 described species.
Magdalen Laver
Magdalen Laver is a village and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. It lies east of Harlow and in close proximity to the M11 motorway. Magdalen Laver has a village hall and a church called St Mary Magdalen. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 234.

Epping Forest District
Epping Forest District is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after the ancient woodland of Epping Forest, a large part of which lies within the district. The district covers northeastern parts of the urban area of London, including the suburban towns of Epping, Loughton, Waltham Abbey, Chigwell, and Buckhurst Hill, as well as rural areas beyond it. The district is situated in the west of the county, bordering north-eastern Greater London.

The administrative headquarters of Epping Forest District Council are in the town of Epping. Neighbouring districts are Brentwood, Broxbourne, Chelmsford, East Hertfordshire, Enfield, Harlow, Havering, Redbridge, Uttlesford and Waltham Forest. In 2021 it had a population of 134,909.
The Clue of the Screeching Owl
The Clue of the Screeching Owl is the forty-first volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap. This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by James Buechler in 1962 while he was eighteen or nineteen years old.

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Braunsteffer Lake
Braunsteffer Lake is a glacial lake 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) long located 1 nautical mile (2 km) west of the central part of Lake Zvezda in the Vestfold Hills of Princess Elizabeth Land in Antarctica
.

The lake was photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47) and was mapped from air photos by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956) and the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (1957–58). It was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Claude Braunsteffer (1933 - 2011), a weather observer at Davis Station in 1959, who carried out scientific investigations on lakes in the Vestfold Hills.

Davis Station
Davis Station, commonly called Davis, is one of three permanent bases and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Davis is situated on the coast of Cooperation Sea in Princess Elizabeth Land, Ingrid Christensen Coast in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Davis lies in an Antarctic oasis, a mostly ice-free area known as the Vestfold Hills.

Davis was named in honour of Captain John King Davis.

Davis was listed on the Register of the National Estate on 26 October 1999 and has been included on the Commonwealth Heritage List as an indicative place, due to the condition of buildings and structures that varies from no longer exists/demolished due to poor condition, through to very good condition.
2000 Franklin Templeton Tennis Classic
The 2000 Franklin Templeton Tennis Classic was a men's Association of Tennis Professionals tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Scottsdale, Arizona in the United States that was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from March 6 to March 13. Sixth-seeded Lleyton Hewitt won the singles title.

Tennis Channel Open
The Tennis Channel Open  (its sponsored name) was a men's hard court tennis tournament also known as the Las Vegas Open. It was an  ATP International Series  event that was first founded as the WCT Scottsdale Open in 1986. That tournament by 2005 was officially known as the Scottsdale Open.

In 2005, The Tennis Channel purchased the tournament from IMG and moved it from Scottsdale to Las Vegas. In April 2008, The Tennis Channel announced that it was selling the tournament to the ATP, and the week the event had been held was now the first week of Davis Cup.
Kochu Pamba Weir
Kochu Pamba Weir is a diversion dam constructed across Pamba river in Seethathode village of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India. It is one of the five dams which are parts of Sabarigiri Hydro Electric Project. These are Pamba dam, Kakki dam, Anathode dam, Gavi dam and Kochu Pamba weir.  Sabarigiri Hydro Electric Project (340 MW) is the second largest hydro-electric project of Kerala and is located in Pathanamthitta district. This weir is constructed as a part of Sabarigiri Augmentation Scheme. Water from this reservoir is pumped into the Pamba reservoir through a pump house located at the downstream of Pamba dam. Taluks through which release flow are Ranni, Konni, Kozhencherry, Thiruvalla, Chengannur, Kuttanadu, Mavelikara and Karthikappally.

Anathode Dam
Anathode Dam is a flanking dam of masonry gravity type situated in Sethathode panchayath of Seethathode village in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. This dam is constructed on  Anathode river which is a tributary of Pamba river.

Anathode is a stream which joins Kakki river downstream of Kakki dam before the confluence with Pamba river. Anathode Dam and the nearby Kakki Dam form a common reservoir, as they are connected through a natural valley. Both dams were built as part of the Sabarigiri Hydro Electric Project. The spillway for the reservoir complex is located by the side of Anathode Flanking Dam.  Kakki & Anathode dams are about 4 kilometers apart by road. Taluks through which release flows are Ranni, Konni, Kozhencherry, Thiruvalla, Chengannur, Kuttanadu, Mavelikara and Karthikappally.
1989 Brabantse Pijl
The 1989 Brabantse Pijl was the 29th edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 26 March 1989. The race started in Sint-Genesius-Rode and finished in Alsemberg. The race was won by Johan Capiot.

Brabantse Pijl (men's race)
The Brabantse Pijl (English: Brabant Arrow, French: Flèche Brabançonne or Flèche Branconne) is a Flanders Classics road bicycle race held annually in Flemish Brabant and in Walloon Brabant, Belgium. The race was organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour from 2005 to 2009, a 1.HC event from 2010 to 2019, and since 2020 has been part of the UCI ProSeries.

Zaventem used to be the city of start; in 2008 however, Leuven became the place of start. Until 2009, the finish was located in Alsemberg and, in 2010, it moved to Overijse. Also in 2010, the fixed date of the Brabantse Pijl shifted from the Sunday before the Tour of Flanders to the Wednesday before the Amstel Gold Race.

In 2011, the race was upgraded to a 1.HC event. Edwig Van Hooydonck holds the record for most wins in the race with four between 1987 and 1995.
Aung Thu (footballer)
Aung Thu (Burmese: အောင်သူ; born 22 May 1995) is a Burmese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Thai League 1 club Uthai Thani and Myanmar national team. He has represented Myanmar internationally at under-17, under-20, under-23, and senior level. Representing Myanmar at the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand, he scored his debut World Cup goal against New Zealand national under-20 football team.

2014 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy
The 2014 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy was the fifth edition of the invitational tournament hosted by Brunei. The tournament take place in Brunei from 9–23 August 2014. Eleven teams from the Asean Football Federation participate in the tournament for under the age of 22. The draw took place on 12 July 2014 at the National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam (NFABD) House. The teams are divided into two groups. Host country, Brunei, were given a chance to choose which group they wished to be drawn in. Brunei chose to be drawn in group B. Indonesia was to confirm its participation in the tournament but was not included in the initial draw. Indonesia's participation was later confirmed by the National Football Association of Brunei Darussalam on 20 July and a second draw was held on 22 July to include Indonesia. Indonesia send its U19 team.

Myanmar emerged as the champion after beating Vietnam by 4–3 in the final, while both Malaysia and Thailand shared the third place.
Kim Kyu-young
Kim Kyu-young (Korean: 김규영; 1937 – 25 November 2015) served as the director of the Korea Scout Association from 1982 to 1991 and Regional Director of the Asia-Pacific Region of the World Scout Bureau from 1990 to 2002.

In 2002, Kim was awarded the 291st Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

He was eulogized by Scott Teare, WOSM Secretary General.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Marge Schott
Margaret Carolyn Schott (née Unnewehr; August 18, 1928 – March 2, 2004) was an American baseball executive. Serving as managing general partner, president and CEO of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds franchise from 1984 to 1999, she was the second woman to own a North American major-league team without inheriting it, after New York Mets founder Joan Whitney Payson.

She was banned from managing the team by MLB in 1993 due to racist comments and again from 1996 through 1998 for stating that  Adolf Hitler was initially good for Germany. Shortly afterwards, she sold the majority of her share in the team.

St. Bernard (dog breed)
The St. Bernard or Saint Bernard (UK: /ˈbɜːrnərd/, US: /bərˈnɑːrd/) is a breed of very large working dog from the Western Alps in Italy and Switzerland. They were originally bred for rescue work by the hospice of the Great St Bernard Pass on the Italian-Swiss border. The hospice, built by and named after the Alpine monk Saint Bernard of Menthon, 
acquired its first dogs between 1660 and 1670. The breed has become famous through tales of Alpine rescues, as well as for its large size and gentle temperament.
At Montreux Jazz Festival
At Montreux Jazz Festival is a 1998 album by Israeli singer Ofra Haza.  The recording which captures Haza and a five-piece band live at the Montreux Jazz Festival in July 1990 comprises material from her international studio albums Shaday, Yemenite Songs and Desert Wind, including hit singles like "Im Nin' Alu", "Galbi", "Shaday", "Ya Ba Ye", as well as Yemeni Jewish traditionals and the a cappella performance of "Love Song" with lyrics from The Song of Songs.

The album was first issued in 1998 and re-released on Israel on 2004 on Hed Arzi and later internationally on the Locust Music label in 2005.
The live concert film released in 2007.

Shaday
Shaday is an album by Israeli singer Ofra Haza, released in 1988. Shaday, recorded in both Tel Aviv and England, became Haza's international breakthrough album and includes the Hebrew-English language remix singles "Im Nin'alu" and "Galbi," as well as "Shaday" and "Da'Ale Da'Ale," also released as remix singles.
Sutton Valence School
Sutton Valence School (SVS) is a private school near Maidstone in southeast England. It has 560 pupils. It is a co-educational day and boarding school. There are three senior boarding houses: Westminster, St Margaret's and Sutton.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Night of Champions (2012)
The 2012 Night of Champions was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It was the sixth annual Night of Champions and took place on September 16, 2012, at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. The theme of the event was that all sanctioned championships promoted on WWE's main roster at the time were defended on the card. The event managed to gain 189,000 buys, which was up from last year's event, which gained a 169,000 buy rate.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including one on the Pre-Show. The main event, which saw CM Punk defend the WWE Championship against John Cena, ended in a double pinfall. In other prominent matches, Sheamus defeated Alberto Del Rio to retain the World Heavyweight Championship, Kane and Daniel Bryan defeated Kofi Kingston and R-Truth to win the WWE Tag Team Championship, and Eve Torres defeated Layla to win the WWE Divas Championship.

Professional wrestling holds
Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by performers to immobilize their opponents or lead to a submission. This article covers the various pins, stretches and transition holds used in the ring. Some wrestlers use these holds as their finishing maneuvers, often nicknaming them to reflect their character or persona. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Rodolphe Adada
Rodolphe Adada (born 24 April 1946) is a Congolese politician and diplomat. During the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), he served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Mines and Energy from 1977 to 1984, as Minister of Mines and Oil from 1984 to 1989, and as Minister of Secondary and Higher Education from 1989 to 1991. Later, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Denis Sassou Nguesso from 1997 to 2007 and Joint Special Representative of the United Nations and the African Union for Darfur from 2007 to 2009. He returned to the government of Congo-Brazzaville in 2009, serving as Minister of State for Industrial Development from 2009 to 2012, and as Minister of State for Transport from 2012 to 2016. He has been Ambassador to France since 2016.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of the Congo)
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Congo (French: Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République du Congo) (known as the People's Republic of the Congo in 1969–92) is a government minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Congo, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.

The following is a list of foreign ministers of the Republic of the Congo since its founding in 1960:
ZeroMQ
ZeroMQ (also spelled ØMQ, 0MQ or ZMQ) is an asynchronous messaging library, aimed at use in distributed or concurrent applications. It provides a message queue, but unlike message-oriented middleware, a ZeroMQ system can run without a dedicated message broker; the zero in the name is for "zero broker". The library's API is designed to resemble Berkeley sockets.

ZeroMQ is developed by a large community of contributors, founded by iMatix, which holds the domain name and trademarks. There are third-party bindings for many popular programming languages.

Message passing
In computer science, message passing is a technique for invoking behavior (i.e., running a program) on a computer. The invoking program sends a message to a process (which may be an actor or object) and relies on that process and its supporting infrastructure to then select and run some appropriate code. Message passing differs from conventional programming where a process, subroutine, or function is directly invoked by name. Message passing is key to some models of concurrency and object-oriented programming.

Message passing is ubiquitous in modern computer software. It is used as a way for the objects that make up a program to work with each other and as a means for objects and systems running on different computers (e.g., the Internet) to interact. Message passing may be implemented by various mechanisms, including channels.
Berg, Germersheim
Berg (German pronunciation: [bɛʁk] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the border with France. The Ortsteil Neulauterburg, 2 km west of the centre of Berg, is contiguous with the French town Lauterbourg, across the small river Lauter. Berg has a railway station on the regional line from Wörth am Rhein to Lauterbourg.

Wörth am Rhein
Wörth am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈvœʁt ʔam ˈʁaɪn], lit. 'Wörth on the Rhine') is a town in the southernmost part of the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is on the left bank of the Rhine approximately 10 km west of the city centre of Karlsruhe and is just north of the German-French border. Daimler AG's largest truck production plant (2.8 km2) has been located in the town since 1960.
Nakatsukasa
Nakatsukasa (中務, 912–991) was a Japanese Waka poet from the middle Heian period.

Nakatsukasa was the granddaughter of Emperor Uda and the daughter of poet Lady Ise and Prince Atsuyoshi. She is one of five women numbered as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. (She married another of the famous thirty-six, Minamoto no Saneakira (源信明).

Many of her poems are included in the Japanese imperial poetry anthology Gosen Wakashū (後撰和歌集), issued in 951. She also was responsible for compiling a collection of her mother's poems.

Minamoto no Saneakira
Minamoto no Saneakira (Japanese: 源 信明) (910–970) was a middle Heian waka poet and nobleman. Along with his father, Minamoto no Kintada, he was designated a member of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals.

Kintada's poems are included in imperial poetry anthologies from the Goshūi Wakashū onward. A personal collection known as the Saneakira shū (信明集) also remains.
Polish Language Council
The Council for the Polish Language (Polish: Rada Języka Polskiego) is the official language regulating organ of Polish. It was established by the Presidium of the Polish Academy of Sciences pursuant to Resolution No. 17/96 of 9 September 1996.

Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored national academy of sciences and institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes.

It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II.
Glenrothes High School
Glenrothes High School is a six-year non-denominational secondary school of approximately 860 pupils located in Glenrothes, Fife, Scotland. The school serves the western/central and northern precincts of Glenrothes drawing primarily from four feeder Primary Schools; Caskieberran, Pitcoudie, Rimbleton and South Parks schools. The school also accepts a number of placing requests from other parts in the town.

Pitcoudie
Pitcoudie is a housing area in North Glenrothes in the Kingdom of Fife, Scotland. The area comprises 396 terraced and semi-detached houses. Traditionally, a pitcoudie was a donkey, mule or work-horse which ferried coal and slag from the coal mines – spending most of its life underground. The area of Pitcoudie today exists on what was once an extensive range of mining-shafts and pits.