hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Genoese colonies
The Genoese colonies were a series of economic and trade posts in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Some of them had been established directly under the patronage of the republican authorities to support the economy of the local merchants (especially after privileges obtained during the Crusades), while others originated as feudal possessions of Genoese nobles, or had been founded by powerful private institutions, such as the Bank of Saint George.

Anapa
Anapa (Russian: Анапа, Adyghe: Быгъуркъал, Bəġ˚rq̇al) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 81,863. It is one of the largest children's resorts in Russia.

In ancient times, Anapa was the site of a major seaport and a capital of the Sindi people. In the 6th century BCE, it was settled by Greeks, who called it Gorgippia. In later centuries, the settlement came under the control of Genoa and then the Ottoman Empire. In 1781, a fortress was constructed there, which became the site of multiple sieges during the Russo-Turkish wars. It was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1829, after several occupations.
John Jackson (archdeacon of Clogher)
The Ven. John Jackson D.D. (1712-1787) was Archdeacon of Clogher from 1762 until 1783.

Jackson was born in Dublin in 1712, the son of Rev. John Jackson (1688-1751), Vicar of Santry, and his wife  Anne Castletown (the daughter of Alderman Castletown, of Finglas) and educated at Trinity College there.

His father (also John) and grandfather (Rev. Daniel Jackson) had both been the incumbent at Santry, living at the Queen Anne styled, Woodlands House built by his father in 1735, his father is mentioned in the will of Dean Swift.

Archdeacon of Clogher
The Archdeacon of Clogher is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Clogher. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the diocese. The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Reginald MacGilla Finin who held the office in 1268. The incumbent is Canon Paul Thompson.
Outback Communities Authority
The Outback Communities Authority (OCA) is a statutory authority in South Australia (SA) created under the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009. It has been established to "manage the provision of public services and facilities to outback communities" which are widely dispersed across the Pastoral Unincorporated Area which covers almost 60% of South Australia's land area. The authority has its seat at both Port Augusta which is located outside the unincorporated area and at Andamooka. The authority serves an area of 624,339 square kilometres (241,059 square miles), slightly smaller than France. The area has a population of 3,750, of whom 639 are Indigenous Australians, and includes several large pastoral leases and mining operations.

The authority's area of responsibility does not include Aboriginal Local Government Areas, the largest of which are Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara in the northwest of SA and Maralinga Tjarutja in the west of SA.

Port Augusta
Port Augusta (Goordnada in the revived indigenous Barngarla language) is a coastal city in South Australia about 310 kilometres (190 mi) by road from the state capital, Adelaide. Most of the city is on the eastern shores of Spencer Gulf, immediately south of the gulf's head, comprising the city's centre and surrounding suburbs, Stirling North, and seaside homes at Commissariat Point, Blanche Harbor and Miranda. The suburb of Port Augusta West is on the western side of the gulf on the Eyre Peninsula. Together, these localities had a population of 13,515 in the 2021 census.

Formerly a seaport, the city supports regional agriculture and services many mines in the South Australian interior to its north. A significant industry was electricity generation until 2019, when its coal-burning power stations were shut down. A solar farm opened in 2020.
2015 Generali Open Kitzbühel
The 2015 Generali Open Kitzbühel was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 71st edition of the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, and part of the World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Tennis stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel, Austria, from August 3 through August 8.

Austrian Open Kitzbühel
The Generali Open Kitzbühel, sponsored by Generali and originally known as the Austrian International Championships (1894–1968), is an annual tennis tournament held in Kitzbühel, Austria. The event was part of the ATP World Series from the creation of ATP World Tour until 1998, International Series Gold from 1999 to 2008, and ATP World Tour 250 series in 2009. It was downgraded to the ATP Challenger Tour in 2010, replaced by the Open de Nice Côte d'Azur, before regaining top tour status in 2011 once again, as part of the ATP 250 series. The tournament has been held, since 1894, on clay courts and is the sixth oldest tennis tournament in the world.
Bērziņi Parish
Berzini Parish (Latvian: Bērziņu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Krāslava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia.

The parish borders Belarus along the Čaušica and Sarjanka rivers, as well as with Ķepova, Svariņi and Šķaune parishes.

Svariņi Parish
Svariņi Parish (Latvian: Svariņu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Krāslava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. It borders the Dagda, Ezernieki, Šķaune, Bērziņš, Ķepova and Asūne parishes.
Humble Island
Humble Island is a small rocky island lying 0.74 km (0.4 nmi) south-east of Norsel Point on Amsler Island, off the south-west coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. Humble Island was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955. Humble Island was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) in 1956 because the island seems to be squeezed insignificantly between Litchfield Island and what was then considered the coast of Anvers Island (now known to be separate Amsler Island).

Anvers Island
Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high, mountainous island 61 km (38 miles) long, the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was discovered by John Biscoe in 1832 and named in 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache after the province of Antwerp in Belgium. It lies south-west of Brabant Island at the south-western end of the group. The south-western coastline of the island forms part of the Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 7). Cormorant Island, an Important Bird Area, lies 1 km off the south coast.

There is a small science outpost called Palmer Station on the south end of Anvers island since the late 1960s; it is the smallest and farthest north of three the U.S. has on the continent. It is staffed by a few dozen people mostly doing marine and biology research, and is usually resupplied by ship as it has no regular airport.
Hokkaido Cultural Broadcasting
Hokkaido Cultural Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (北海道文化放送株式会社, Hokkaidō Bunka Hōsō Kabushikigaisha; UHB)  is a TV station affiliated with Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS) serving in Hokkaido, Japan, headquartered in Sapporo, established in 1971.

Through its Hakodate translator, UHB functions as the default FNN/FNS affiliate for most of neighboring Aomori Prefecture to the south, as that area does not have an FNN/FNS affiliate of its own.

Fuji News Network
Fuji News Network (FNN) is a Japanese commercial television network run by Fuji Television Network, Inc. (Fuji TV), a subsidiary of Fuji Media Holdings and part of the Fujisankei Communications Group. The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations.

FNN also manages the free online service FNN Prime, visited by an average of 100 million views by month.

Distribution of non-news television programmes is handled by Fuji Network System (FNS), another network set up by Fuji TV.
Natalie Suleyman
Natalie Suleyman (born Nazlı Süleyman on 6 June 1974) is an Australian politician. Suleyman is an elected member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, having served as the Member for St Albans since 2014.

She holds three Ministerial portfolios in the Victorian Government; Veterans, Youth, and Small Business.

She is the first person of Turkish origin, as well as the first Muslim woman, to be elected to the Victorian Parliament.

Safe seat
A safe seat is an electoral district which is regarded as fully secure, for either a certain political party, or the incumbent representative personally or a combination of both. With such seats, there is very little chance of a seat changing hands because of the political leanings of the electorate in the constituency concerned or the popularity of the incumbent member. This contrasts with a marginal seat in which a defeat for the seat holder is considered possible. In systems where candidates must first win the party's primary election or preselection, the phrase "tantamount to election" is often used to describe winning the dominant party's nomination for a safe seat.
Non-expanding horizon
A non-expanding horizon (NEH) is an enclosed null surface whose intrinsic structure is preserved. An NEH is the geometric prototype of an isolated horizon which describes a black hole in equilibrium with its exterior from the quasilocal perspective. It is based on the concept and geometry of NEHs that the two quasilocal definitions of black holes, weakly isolated horizons and isolated horizons, are developed.

Causal structure
In mathematical physics, the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold describes the possible causal relationships between points in the manifold.
Lorentzian manifolds can be classified according to the types of causal structures they admit (causality conditions).
XScreenSaver
XScreenSaver is a free and open-source collection of 240+
screensavers for Unix, macOS, iOS and Android operating systems. It was created by Jamie Zawinski in 1992, with new releases coming out several times a year.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
2024 South Korean Figure Skating Championships
The 2024 South Korean Figure Skating Championships were held from January 4–7, 2024 at the Uijeongbu Indoor Ice Rink in Uijeongbu. It was the 78th edition of the event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance on the senior and junior levels. The results were part of the Korean Skating Union's selection criteria for the 2024 World Junior Championships and the 2024 World Championships.

South Korean Figure Skating Championships
The South Korean Figure Skating Championships (Korean: 한국 피겨스케이팅 선수권 대회) are an annual figure skating competition organized by the Korea Skating Union to crown the national champions of South Korea. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels, although not every discipline is held every year due to a lack of participants.
Termoli–Campobasso railway
The Termoli–Campobasso railway line is a secondary railway line in Molise, Italy. When it first opened in 1883, the line consisted of 15 stations. Today, only 8 are open to passenger service.

The line runs from regional capital Campobasso along Molise's coast on the Adriatic sea, terminating at the Termoli railway station and connects to the Adriatic railway.

At Campobasso, the line also connects to the Campobasso–Venafro railway, which provides access to neighboring provinces. Together, the two rail lines form the Termoli–Venafro railway.

Adriatic railway
The Adriatic railway (Italian: Ferrovia Adriatica) is the railway from Ancona to Lecce that runs along the Adriatic Coast of Italy, following it almost all of the way. It is one of the main lines of the Italian rail system and links the northern cities with the most important productive areas of central and southern Italy.

The railway was built by the Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali (Italian: Company for the Southern Railways, SFM), between 1863 and 1872. In 1906, management of the line was taken over by Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 1933, the southernmost Lecce-Otranto segment of the line was turned over to the Ferrovie del Sud Est, which has maintained it to the present day.
Gaye family
The Gaye family is a family most notable for their relation to Motown music artist Marvin Gaye. Along with Marvin, many of the family members have also made contributions within the music industry, theatre and film. Aside from him, the most notable relatives include Gaye's father Marvin Gay Sr., his mother Alberta, brother Frankie, sister Zeola, brother-in-law Gordon Banks, son Marvin III (adopted by his first wife Anna from her niece Denise Gordy), and daughter Nona.

Nona Gaye
Nona Aisha Gaye (born September 4, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, former fashion model, and retired actress. The daughter of singer Marvin Gaye and maternal granddaughter of jazz musician Slim Gaillard, Gaye began her career as a vocalist in the early 1990s. In film, she portrayed Zee in The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both 2003).
William Betts (chaplain)
William Betts or Bettes (died 1535) was a clergyman who became the chaplain and close supporter of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England. He was an associate of Matthew Parker, who on Betts' death was given his position as the Queen's chaplain, before going on to become archbishop of Canterbury.

Betts was part of a group of clergymen who were involved with circulating forbidden theological books in Oxford in 1528. Others involved in this included Thomas Garret, Thomas Bilney, Hugh Latimer and Matthew Parker. It was discovered by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and Anne Boleyn herself seems to have interceded to protect at least one of the men.

Betts started his career at Gonville Hall before moving on to Corpus Christi.

Hugh Latimer
Hugh Latimer (c. 1487 – 16 October 1555) was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, and Bishop of Worcester during the Reformation, and later Church of England chaplain to King Edward VI. In 1555 under the Catholic Queen Mary I he was burned at the stake, becoming one of the three Oxford Martyrs of Anglicanism.
Mitsuru Igarashi
Mitsuru Igarashi (五十嵐 充, Igarashi Mitsuru, born 17 May 1969 in Tokyo) is the former keyboardist and songwriter of Japanese pop group Every Little Thing. He founded the band in early 1996 with his old friend Ichirō Itō and then 18-year-old singer Kaori Mochida. He left Every Little Thing in April 2000 after releasing the third album, Eternity. Since leaving the band, he started producing music for the band Day After Tomorrow which disbanded in 2005. Currently he plays keyboards and is a songmaker and producer in band Rushmore. He was also involved in composing and writing song lyrics for Every Little Thing's ninth album, Change.

Ichiro Ito
Ichiro Ito (伊藤 一朗, Itō Ichirō, born 10 November 1967) is a guitarist in the Japanese rock band Every Little Thing. Ito also works in composition and, sometimes, arrangement of some of Every Little Thing's songs.
Legal issues related to the September 11 attacks
A number of incidents stemming from the September 11 attacks have raised questions about legality.

These include:

Detentions of U.S. residents soon after the attacks.

Detention and imprisonment of hundreds of people without charges and without following any previously defined standard, such as at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

Extraordinary renditions.

Certain actions to increase surveillance and to screen airline passengers.

The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.

The Abu Ghraib prison scandal.

Allegations of war crimes, including killings of noncombatants.

Waterboarding and other allegations of torture.

US citizens' extensive loss of civil rights under the USA Patriot Act.

Physical abuse
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include physical assault or physical violence, and may also include sexual abuse. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.
Jacob Ellsworth Reighard
Jacob Ellsworth Reighard (1861–1942) was an American zoologist.

Reighard was born at Laporte, Indiana, after graduating from the University of Michigan in 1882, and then studied at Harvard and Freiburg. After six years as instructor and assistant in zoology, in 1892 he became a professor at the University of Michigan. He was in charge of the Michigan Fish Commission in 1890–94, and in 1898 was appointed director of the biological survey of the Great Lakes under the United States Fish Commission. He contributed to many technical journals, and in 1901 published, in collaboration with Herbert Spencer Jennings, Anatomy of the Cat.

Herbert Spencer Jennings
Herbert Spencer Jennings (April 8, 1868 – April 14, 1947) was an American zoologist, geneticist, and eugenicist. His research helped demonstrate the link between physical and chemical stimulation and automatic responses in lower orders of animals (Behavior of the Lower Organisms, 1906).
Main Line Through Upper Norrland
The Main Line Through Upper Norrland (Swedish: Stambanan genom övre Norrland) is a 626-kilometre (389 mi) long railway line between Bräcke, Jämtland County and Boden, Norrbotten County in Sweden. For military and regional policy reasons, it was built in very sparsely populated areas, far away from the more densely populated coast. The line has several branches to settlements on the coast, the ones to Umeå and Luleå being considered part of the line itself. Today the three largest settlements along the line are Boden (population 18,800), Älvsbyn (population 5,500) and Vännäs (population 4,100).

In 2010, the Bothnia Line opened, which parallels the Main Line Through Upper Norrland along the coast from Sundsvall to Umeå. From 2013 all passenger traffic moved from the Main Line to the Bothnia Line, ending service between along the section between Bräcke and Vännäs. The North Bothnia Line is under planning, and will in a future allow high-speed trains to run to Luleå.

Boden, Sweden
Boden (Swedish: [ˈbǔːdɛn], outdatedly [ˈbûːdɛn], Lule Sámi: Suttes; Meänkieli: Puuti) is a locality and the seat of Boden Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden, with 16,847 inhabitants in 2018. It is part of the larger area around coastal city Luleå some 36 kilometres (22 mi) southeast. After Kiruna, it is the second largest town in Northern Sweden's interior.
Katawa, Mzuzu
Katawa is a populated township in Northern Region, Malawi. It is located in the Northern Region of the Mzuzu. Its neighbourhood include Luwinga, Mchengautuba, Chiwavi and Chibanja. It is home to the Malawi's gospel singers, the Katawa Singers.

Chibanja, Mzuzu
Chibanja is a populated township in the city of Mzuzu,  Northern Region, Malawi. The town is home to Mzuzu Airport,  the biggest airport in the Northern Region of international quality and third biggest in Malawi.

It is located in the North of Mzuzu. Its neighbourhood include Luwinga, Chibavi, Mchengautuba and Zolozolo.
Szymanowice, Łódź Voivodeship
Szymanowice (Polish pronunciation: [ʂɨmanɔˈvit͡sɛ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduny, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Zduny, 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Łowicz, and 48 km (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Zduny, Łowicz County
Zduny [ˈzdunɨ] is a village in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zduny. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Łowicz and 47 km (29 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Russula sanguinaria
Russula sanguinaria, commonly known as the bloody brittlegill or rosey russula, is a strikingly coloured mushroom of the genus Russula, which has the common name of brittlegills. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with coniferous trees. It was previously widely known as Russula sanguinea.

Russula
Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of fungi. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.

The mushrooms are fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus Lactarius have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken.

The ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are typically common. Although some species are toxic, a number of others are edible.
B. Brian Blair
Brian Leslie Blair (born January 12, 1957) is an American former professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name B. Brian Blair as one half of the tag team The Killer Bees in the 1980s.

NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version)
The Florida version of the NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship was the major singles professional wrestling championship in the National Wrestling Alliance's Florida territory, Championship Wrestling Florida. It existed from 1962 until 1987, when the title was abandoned. It was revived by NWA Florida in 1996. At various times, different NWA affiliated promotions used their own regional version of the title including promotions based in Georgia, Tennessee, and the Carolinas.
R. Jay GaBany
Robert Jay GaBany (born September 17, 1954, in Charleston, West Virginia) is an American amateur astronomer and astrophotographer who is also known for his work with an international team of astrophysicists led by Dr. David Martínez-Delgado (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy). GaBany helped pioneer the use of modest size telescopes and off the shelf CCD-cameras to produce long exposure images that revealed ancient galactic merger remnants in the form of star streams surrounding nearby galaxies that were previously undetected or suspected.

Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics. It is operated by an editorial team under the supervision of a board of directors representing 27 sponsoring countries plus a representative of the European Southern Observatory. The journal is published by EDP Sciences and the current editors-in-chief are Thierry Forveille and João Alves.