hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Society of the Rights of Man
The Society of the Rights of Man (French: Société des droits de l'homme, SDH) was a French republican association with Jacobin roots, formed during the July Revolution in 1830, replacing another republican association, the Society of the Friends of the People.

It played a major role in the June riots of 1832 in Paris and the July Monarchy.

July Revolution
The July Revolution (French: Révolution de Juillet), also known as the French Revolution of 1830, Second French Revolution, or les Trois Glorieuses ("the Three Glorious [Days]"), was a second French Revolution after the first of 1789–99. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans.

The 1830 Revolution marked a shift from that point on as the constitutional monarchy was restored with the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its cadet branch, the House of Orléans; and the replacement of the principle of hereditary right by that of popular sovereignty. Supporters of the Bourbons would be called Legitimists, and supporters of Louis Philippe were known as Orléanists. In addition, there continued to be Bonapartists supporting the return of Napoleon's heirs. After 18 precarious years on the throne, Louis-Philippe was overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848.
Gram (mythology)
In Germanic mythology, Gram, in Norse legend (Old Norse: Gramr, "ill-tempered"), or Balmung, in the Middle High German epic poem Nibelungenlied, is a magical godlike sword, specifically the sword that the hero Sigurd used to kill the dragon Fafnir. It is primarily used by the Völsungs in the Völsung Cycle, however, it is also seen in other legends, such as the Thidrekssaga in which it is wielded by Hildebrand.

The myth of Gram may be related to the British myth of "the sword in the stone", Excalibur, as Gram has been thrust into a tree, from which only the hero Sigmund can pull it out, much like how Excalibur only can be pulled out by the true king of England, King Arthur. The myth of Gram being broken and then reforged was also the inspiration of Tolkien's sword Narsil.

In Richard Wagner's work, Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), it is referred to as Nothung ([ˈnoːtʊŋ], "child of need").

Völsung Cycle
The Völsung Cycle is a series of legends in Norse mythology first extensively recorded in medieval Iceland, but which were also known in Sweden (as seen by carvings on numerous Sigurd stones), Norway, England and (perhaps) the Isle of Man. The original Icelandic tales were greatly expanded with native Scandinavian folklore, including that of Helgi Hundingsbane, which, in turn, originally appears to have been a separate tradition connected to the Ylfings.

Mythological material in this cycle includes some twenty Edda poems and the Völsunga saga. It covers much of the same subject matter as the Middle High German epic poem Nibelungenlied.
2019 Ferrari Challenge North America
The 2019 Ferrari Challenge North America was the 25th edition of the Ferrari Challenge North America. The season was 7 rounds, starting at the Circuit of the Americas on March 9 and ending at the Mugello Circuit on October 26.

Ferrari Challenge
The Ferrari Challenge is a single-marque motorsport championship that was created in 1993, initially catering to owners of the 348 Challenge who wanted to race their cars. The first European season took place in 1993, with a North American series added in 1994. It now encompasses five official series in Europe, North America, Japan, The United Kingdom & Australasia. Competitors from each series are brought together at the annual World Finals (Finali Mondiali) event.

In the course of more than 30 years of history, the one-make championship has featured nine cars from the Maranello marque: the 348 Challenge, F355 Challenge, 360 Challenge, F430 Challenge, 458 Challenge, 458 Challenge Evo, 488 Challenge, 488 Challenge Evo and currently the 296 Challenge.
2021 PNP–PDEA shootout
On February 24, 2021, a botched buy-bust operation resulted in a shootout between units of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) on Commonwealth Avenue in Quezon City. The incident resulted in the deaths of two police officers, a PDEA agent and an informant. Both agencies claimed that they had been conducting a legitimate anti-drug operation.

Shootout
A shootout, also called a firefight, gunfight, or gun battle, is a confrontation in which parties armed with firearms exchange gunfire. The term can be used to describe any such fight, though it is typically used in a non-military context or to describe combat situations primarily using firearms (generally excluding crew-served weapons, combat vehicles, armed aircraft, or explosives).

Shootouts often pit law enforcement against criminals, though they can also involve parties outside of law enforcement, such as rival gangs, militias, or individuals. Military combat situations are rarely titled "shootouts", and are almost always considered battles, engagements, skirmishes, exchanges, or firefights.

Shootouts are often depicted in action films, Westerns, and video games.
Williamson Mountain
Williamson Mountain, elevation 6,304 feet (1,921 m), is a peak in the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is named after Lt. Robert S. Williamson, who with Lt. Philip Sheridan took part in the Pacific Railroad Surveys in central Oregon in 1855. The United States Board on Geographic Names approved the name in 1931. Before that, the peak was known by its Chinook Jargon name of Leloo Mountain (Wolf Mountain), derived from the French le loup (the wolf).

The mountain lies slightly east of the border between Lane County and Deschutes County in the Deschutes National Forest and the Three Sisters Wilderness, southwest of Mount Bachelor. The Six Lakes Trail crosses the mountain between Lucky Lake to the southeast and Senoj Lake to the northwest. Forest Road 46 (Lava Lake Road) is about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the mountain.

Deschutes National Forest
The Deschutes National Forest is a United States national forest (NF) located in Central Oregon, in parts of Deschutes, Klamath, Lake, and Jefferson counties. It was established in 1908, with border changes following in 1911 and 1915. The forest now encompasses almost 1.6 million acres (6,500 km2) along the east side of the Cascade Range. The forest is bordered to the south by the Fremont–Winema NF, to the southwest by the Umpqua NF, and to the west by the Willamette NF.

The Deschutes NF hosts official preservation areas, various biology, and recreational activities.
2012 Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament
The 2012 Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament was held at Bowling Green Ballpark in Bowling Green, KY from May 23 to May 27, 2012.  The tournament continued the round robin format from the previous season.  Fifth seeded Louisiana–Monroe won their first tournament championship and earned the Sun Belt Conference's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament
The Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Sun Belt Conference. The winner of the tournament receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I baseball tournament. After Coastal Carolina University hosts the competition in Conway, South Carolina, in 2019, the tournament will move to a neutral site, Riverwalk Stadium in Montgomery, AL, from 2020 to 2024.
Howard E. Wasdin
Howard Eugene Wasdin (born Howard E. Wilbanks, November 8, 1961 – April 6, 2023) was an American chiropractor and a former member of the United States Navy who served as a sailor in the Atlantic Fleet and as a Navy SEAL. Following his honorable discharge, he co-wrote the autobiographical memoir SEAL Team Six: Memoirs of an Elite Navy SEAL Sniper, and its young adult version, I Am a SEAL Team Six Warrior: Memoirs of an American Soldier. Wasdin served in operation Desert Storm and was part of the operation to capture  Mohamed Farrah Aidid, a Somali warlord. It was in the operation that Wasdin was shot three times and almost lost his right leg. After 12 years of service, he earned his Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) from Life University in Georgia and lived in Georgia, where he operated a chiropractic clinic.

Mohamed Farrah Aidid
Mohamed Farrah Hasan Garad (Somali: Maxamed Faarax Xasan Garaad, 'Caydiid Garaad' ; Arabic: محمد فرح حسن عيديد; 15 December 1934 – 1 August 1996), popularly known as General Aidid or Aideed, was a Somali military officer, diplomat, and warlord.
Korean idols in advertising
In South Korea, Korean celebrities often work with South Korean commercial and advertisement industries. Companies are quoted as saying that they use Korean idols to change their brands' image to a young, fresh one and promote their goods to a younger, wider, and global audience. This page focuses specifically on Korean idols in domestic and foreign advertisements. The items or goods that Korean idols advertise are not limited and can include shopping malls, school uniforms, health insurance, cars, and water filtration devices. They can also appear in commercials that promote common goods such as driving safety, environmental health, and safe cell phone use.

Korean idol
An idol (Korean: 아이돌; RR: aidol) is a type of entertainer who works in the field of Korean popular music (K-pop), either as a member of a group or as a solo act. They typically work for an entertainment agency that operates a highly managed star system that idols are produced by and debut under. Idols undergo extensive training in dance, vocal performance, and foreign language, and tend to represent a hybridized convergence of visuals, music, and fashion. Idols maintain a carefully curated public image and social media presence, and dedicate significant time and resources to building relationships with fans through concerts and meetups.
Sittichenbach Abbey
Sittichenbach Abbey (Kloster Sittichenbach), sometimes also known as Sichem Abbey, is a Cistercian monastery in Sittichenbach, now part of Osterhausen near Eisleben in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Eisleben
Eisleben (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪsleːbn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is famous as both the hometown of the influential theologian Martin Luther and the place where he died; hence, its official name is Lutherstadt Eisleben.

First mentioned in the late 10th century, Eisleben is divided into the old town of Altstadt, and new town of Neustadt. Neustadt was created for Eisleben's miners in the 14th century. As of 2020, Eisleben had a population of 22,668. It lies on the Halle–Kassel railway.
Document Structure Description
Document Structure Description, or DSD, is a schema language for XML, that is, a language for describing valid XML documents. It's an alternative to DTD or the W3C XML Schema.

An example of DSD in its simplest form:

This says that element named "foo" in the XML namespace "http://example.com" may have two attributes, named "first" and "second". A "foo" element may not have any character data. It must contain one subelement, named "bar", also in the "http://example.com" namespace. A "bar" element is not allowed any attributes, character data or subelements.

One XML document that would be valid according to the above DSD would be:

Document type definition
A document type definition (DTD) is a specification file that contains a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language (GML, SGML, XML, HTML). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents.

A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of validated elements and attributes. A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference.

A namespace-aware version of DTDs is being developed as Part 9 of ISO DSDL. DTDs persist in applications that need special publishing characters, such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References, which derive from larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort. XML uses a subset of SGML DTD.

As of 2009, newer XML namespace-aware schema languages (such as W3C XML Schema and ISO RELAX NG) have largely superseded DTDs as a better way to validate XML structure.
Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882
The Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 58) was an act of Parliament in Britain which gave the Local Government Board increased powers relating to dissolving and creating poor law unions.

It followed the similar Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 61).

Local Government Board
The Local Government Board (LGB) was a British Government supervisory body overseeing local administration in England and Wales from 1871 to 1919.

The LGB was created by the Local Government Board Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 70) and took over the public health and local government responsibilities of the Home Secretary and the Privy Council and all the functions of the Poor Law Board, which was abolished.

In 1919 the LGB was converted into a new department called the Ministry of Health.
Drosera schmutzii
Drosera schmutzii, also known as Schmutz's sundew, is a perennial species of tuberous plant in the family Droseraceae. It is endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia and occurs mostly in the northern and eastern areas. It grows in sandy clay with laterite soils in open areas amongst Allocasuarina muelleriana and often in the presence of Stylidium tepperianum. Drosera schmutzii grows in a rosette 3 to 4 cm in diameter with green to red leaves. It flowers from June to September.

Allocasuarina muelleriana
Allocasuarina muelleriana, commonly known as slaty sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a dioecious, rarely a monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five to eight, the fruiting cones 14–30 mm (0.55–1.18 in) long containing winged seeds 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long.
Uissigheim
Uissigheim is a town district of Külsheim in the Main-Tauber-Kreis. In medieval times it was a village home to the Uissigheim family, of whom the most infamous member was the highwayman and persecutor of the Jews Arnold von Uissigheim (executed 1336).

Külsheim
Külsheim (German pronunciation: [ˈkʏlshaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Main-Tauber district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 12 km northwest of Tauberbischofsheim, and 10 km south of Wertheim am Main.
Islamic Republic of Iran Handball Federation
The Islamic Republic of Iran Handball Federation (IRIHF) is the governing body for Handball in Iran. It was founded in 1975, and has been a member of IHF since 1978. It is also a member of the Asian Handball Federation. The IRIHF is responsible for organizing the Iran men's national handball team and Iran women's national handball team.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Sweep (American football)
A sweep is an outside running play in American football where a running back takes a pitch or handoff from the quarterback and starts running parallel to the line of scrimmage, allowing for the offensive linemen and fullback to get in front of him to block defenders before he turns upfield. The play is run further outside than an off tackle play. Variants of the sweep involve the quarterback or a wide receiver running with the ball, rather than a running back. When a wide receiver runs with the ball, it is known as a jet sweep.

American football plays
In American football, a play is a close-to-the-ground plan of action or strategy used to move the ball down the field. A play begins at either the snap from the center or at kickoff. Most commonly, plays occur at the snap during a down. These plays range from basic to very intricate. Football players keep a record of these plays in a playbook.
Marado
Marado (Korean: 마라도) or Mara Island is an island in Jeju Province, South Korea. It is South Korea's southernmost island, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) off the south coast of Jeju Island.

It has an area of 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi) and is home to about 90 people. It has long been reputed for having strong women and docile men. In recent years, tourists have come to see its unusual rock formations. It is accessible from Jeju via ferries and excursion boats.

Mara-do is within the administrative boundaries of Daejeong Township (Daejeong-eup) in Seogwipo City, and is included, along with Gapado, in Gapa-ri, and is South Korea's southernmost point.

Because of its subtropical marine habitat the island is a natural reserve. It was designated as National Monument no. 423 (천연기념물 제423호) on July 18, 2000.

Seogwipo
Seogwipo (Korean: 서귀포; Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ɡwi.pʰo]) is a resort city and the second-largest city on Jeju Island, settled on a rocky volcanic coastline in the southern part of the Jeju Province in South Korea. It is one of two cities on the island. In July 2006, Seogwipo's boundaries were expanded to include the entire southern half of Jeju island. As of 2024, it has a population of 180,909.

It has an UNESCO World Heritage Site was a host of the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
2020 Munster Senior Hurling Championship
The 2020 Munster Senior Hurling Championship was the 133rd staging of the Munster Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1888. The championship fixtures were announced on 10 October 2019, with the championship due to take place between 10 May and 28 June 2020. However, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games, the draw for a rescheduled championship took place on 26 June 2020 with a new knock-out format being adopted, rescheduled to take place between 24/25 October and 14/15 November 2020. The championship format returned to the round-robin league in 2022.

Limerick were the defending Munster champions. They retained their title, beating Waterford in the final by 4 points. The same two teams went on to contest the All-Ireland hurling final on 13 December, when Limerick won again, this time by 11 points.

2019 Munster Senior Hurling Championship
The 2019 Munster Senior Hurling Championship was the 2019 installment of the annual Munster Senior Hurling Championship organised by Munster GAA.

Cork were the defending champions, but finished third in the group. Limerick defeated Tipperary in the final.
Martin Bommas
Martin Bommas (born 1967 in Heilbronn) is a German Egyptologist, archaeologist, and philologist. He was a professor and Museum Director at the Macquarie University History Museum in Sydney, Australia. He is the founding director of the Qubbet el-Hawa Research Project (QHRP) in Aswan, Egypt. He has published on ancient Egyptian mortuary liturgies, rituals and religious texts spanning the Old Kingdom to the Christian era. In archaeology, he has examined the Old and Middle Kingdom settlement remains and the 18th Dynasty temple of Khnum at Elephantine. At Qubbet el-Hawa, he discovered a necropolis inhabited by the local non-administrative elite dating to the late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period, excavating mostly unlooted tombs. He left Macquarie University in 2023.

Qubbet el-Hawa
24°06′06.37″N 32°53′20.97″E﻿ / ﻿24.1017694°N 32.8891583°E﻿ / 24.1017694; 32.8891583

Qubbet el-Hawa (Arabic: قبة الهوا) or "Dome of the Wind" is a site on the western bank of the Nile, opposite Aswan, that serves as the resting place of ancient nobles and priests from the Old and Middle Kingdoms of ancient Egypt. The necropolis was in use from the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt until the Roman Period.

The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 along with other examples of Upper Egyptian architecture, as part of the "Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae" (despite Qubbet el-Hawa being neither Nubian, nor between Abu Simbel and Philae).
Abell 30
Abell 30 is a planetary nebula located in the constellation of Cancer, at a distance of 5,500 light years. It belongs in the rare category of born-again planetary nebulae, in which stellar activity started up again after the creation of the planetary nebula.

Cancer (constellation)
Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one. Cancer is a medium-size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint, its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5. It contains ten stars with known planets, including 55 Cancri, which has five: one super-Earth and four gas giants, one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth. At the (angular) heart of this sector of our celestial sphere is Praesepe (Messier 44), one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers.
Lobet den Herren alle, die ihn ehren
"Lobet den Herren alle, die ihn ehren" (Praise the Lord, all who honour him) is a sacred morning song with a text by Paul Gerhardt and a melody by Johann Crüger, who first published it in the fifth edition of his hymnal Praxis pietatis melica in 1653. The Lutheran hymn is still popular and appears in hymnals including the Protestant Evangelisches Gesangbuch and the Catholic Gotteslob.

Lutheran hymn
Martin Luther was a great enthusiast for music, and this is why it forms a large part of Lutheran services; in particular, Luther admired the composers Josquin des Prez and Ludwig Senfl and wanted singing in the church to move away from the ars perfecta (Catholic Sacred Music of the late Renaissance) and towards singing as a Gemeinschaft (community). Lutheran hymns are sometimes known as chorales. Lutheran hymnody is well known for its doctrinal, didactic, and musical richness. Most Lutheran churches are active musically with choirs, handbell choirs, children's choirs, and occasionally change ringing groups that ring bells in a bell tower. Johann Sebastian Bach, a devout Lutheran, composed music for the Lutheran church: more than half of his over 1000 compositions are or contain Lutheran hymns.
Ujelang Atoll
Ujelang Atoll (Marshallese: Wūjlan̄, [wɯzʲ(i)lʲɑŋ]) is an uninhabited coral atoll of 30 islands in the Pacific Ocean, in the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is 1.86 square kilometers (0.72 sq mi), and it encloses a lagoon of 185.94 square kilometers (71.79 sq mi). It is the westernmost island in the Marshall Islands, approximately 217 kilometers (135 mi) southwest of Enewetak, and approximately 600 kilometers (370 mi) west of the main Ralik Chain.

Ralik
The Ralik Chain (Marshallese: Rālik, [rˠæːlʲik]) is a chain of islands within the island nation of the Marshall Islands.  Ralik means "sunset".  It is west of the Ratak Chain. In 1999 the total population of the Ralik islands was 19,915. Christopher Loeak, who became President of the Marshall Islands in 2012, was formerly Minister for the Ralik Chain.

List of atolls and isolated islands in the chain: