hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kyushu proportional representation block
The Kyushu proportional representation block (九州比例ブロック, Kyūshū hirei burokku) is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) blocks for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of the Kyushu region and Okinawa Prefecture, and consists of the prefectures of Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Ōita, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, and Okinawa. Proportional voting blocks were first introduced in the 1996 General Election. The block elects 20 members to the House of Representatives.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Rally cap
A rally cap is a baseball cap worn inside-out and backwards or in some other unconventional manner by players and/or fans to will a team to a come-from-behind victory late in a game. The rally cap is primarily a baseball superstition but has been adopted in various forms in other sports such as hockey.

Baseball cap
A baseball cap is a type of soft hat with a rounded crown and a stiff bill projecting in front.

The front of the hat typically displays a design or a logo (historically, usually only a sports team, namely a baseball team, or names of relevant companies, when used as a commercial marketing technique). The hat may be "fitted" to the wearer's head or the back may have elastic, a plastic prong-in-a-hole (multiple holes with one prong that can be inserted), Velcro, a zipper, or a tri-glide slide so that it can be quickly adjusted to fit different wearers' heads. The baseball hat is a part of the traditional baseball uniform worn by players, with the brim pointing forward to shield the eyes from the sun. Since the 1980s, varieties of the hat have become prevalent in the United States and many other nations, both for utilitarian (protecting the eyes from the sun) and fashion accessory purposes.
Zhongshan (state)
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山; pinyin: Zhōngshān) was an ancient state that existed during the Warring States period, which managed to survive for almost 120 years despite its small size. The origins of its founder are a matter of contention between scholars.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Steven Schumacher
Steven Thomas Schumacher (born 30 April 1984) is an English football manager and former professional footballer, who is currently head coach of EFL League One club Bolton Wanderers.

He graduated from the youth sides at Everton, and during his playing career his clubs included Bradford City, Crewe Alexandra, Bury, Fleetwood Town, Stevenage and Southport. He also had loan spells early in his career with Carlisle United and Oldham Athletic.

He started his coaching career as caretaker at Southport and later managed Plymouth Argyle. With Plymouth, Schumacher won the League One title in 2022–23. He left for Stoke City in 2023.

UEFA coaching licences
The UEFA coaching licences are documents testifying credentials of managers/ coaches among members of UEFA. The governing body for football in Europe mandates several licences, each valid for coaching at a certain level. These include the UEFA Pro Licence, the UEFA A Licence, the UEFA B Licence and UEFA C Licence. They are issued by each UEFA member state's football federation and are valid for three years.
Jonathan Espericueta
Jorge Jonathan Espericueta Escamilla (born 9 August 1994) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Jonathan Espericueta was part of the Mexican U17 team who won the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup hosted in Mexico. Espericueta was a vital part of the team, playing all 7 matches and scoring 2 goals in the tournament, One of the goals being a memorable olympic goal against Germany in the semifinal to equalize the score.

2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship
The 2013 CONCACAF Under-20 Championship was an association football tournament that took place between February 18 and March 3, 2013. The CONCACAF U-20 Championship determined the four CONCACAF teams that would participate at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Mode collapse
In machine learning, mode collapse is a failure mode observed in generative models, originally noted in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). It occurs when the model produces outputs that are less diverse than expected, effectively "collapsing" to generate only a few modes of the data distribution while ignoring others. This phenomenon undermines the goal of generative models to capture the full diversity of the training data.

There are typically two times at which a model can collapse: either during training or during post-training finetuning.

Mode collapse reduces the utility of generative models in applications, such as in

image synthesis (repetitive or near-identical images);

data augmentation (limited diversity in synthetic data);

scientific simulations (failure to explore all plausible scenarios).

Data augmentation
Data augmentation is a statistical technique which allows maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data. Data augmentation has important applications in Bayesian analysis, and the technique is widely used in machine learning to reduce overfitting when training machine learning models, achieved by training models on several slightly-modified copies of existing data.
Listen... Amaya
Listen... Amaya is a 2013 Hindi drama film directed by Avinash Kumar Singh, and starring Farooq Shaikh, Deepti Naval and Swara Bhaskar as leads. The film also marks the return of popular lead pair of the 1980s, Farooq Shaikh and Deepti Naval, in films like, Chashme Buddoor (1981), Saath Saath (1982), and Katha (1983), together again on screen after 25 years. This was also their last film together, as Farooq Shaikh died several months after the film's release.

Saath Saath (film)
Saath Saath  (Together) is a 1982 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Raman Kumar and produced by Dilip Dhawan. It stars Farooque Sheikh and Deepti Naval in the lead roles, and was first released in India on 4 March 1982.
Segobriga
Segóbriga was an important Celtic and Roman city, and is today an impressive site located on a hill (cerro Cabeza de Griego) near the present town of Saelices. 
Research has revealed remains of important buildings, which have since been preserved and made visible in the Archaeological Park. It was declared a National Monument on June 3, 1931, and is now considered cultural heritage under the official denomination Bien de Interés Cultural which comes with extensive legal protections.

Although the city is in ruins, its state of conservation is more than acceptable in comparison with remains elsewhere in the peninsula. A tour of the site offers an idea of what life was like in ancient cities.

Uclés
Uclés is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Cuenca, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 64.61	km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 212.
Henri de La Trémoille, 3rd Duke of Thouars
Henri de La Trémoille, 3rd Duke of Thouars (22 December 1598 – 21 January 1674) was the 3rd Duke of Thouars, 2nd Duke of La Tremoille, and Prince of Talmond and Taranto.
He was the son of Claude de La Trémoille and his wife, Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau, and a descendant of the medieval general Louis II de La Trémoille.

Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau
Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau (Antwerp, 17 September 1580 – Château-Renard, August 1631) was the fifth daughter of William the Silent and his third wife, Charlotte of Bourbon.  She lived in her life at the French royal court and performed many successful assignments as a mediator.
Monte Piana
Monte Piana is a 2,324-metre (7,625 ft) tall mountain in the Sexten Dolomites and located on the border between the provinces of South Tyrol and Belluno. The smaller Northern summit of the mountain is named Monte Piano (2,305m).

During the so-called "White War" in World War I the mountain was hotly contested between the Austro-Hungarian and Italian Armies. The Austrians had occupied the Northern summit Monte Piano, while the Southern summit Monte Piana was in Italian hands. Today many remnants of the fierce fighting can still be found on both summits.

Sexten Dolomites
The Sexten Dolomites (Italian: Dolomiti di Sesto; German: Sextener Dolomiten) is a mountain range and a nature reserve in South Tyrol, Italy. The nature park was renamed in 2010 to Naturpark Drei Zinnen – Parco Naturale Tre Cime.
National Bank of Poland
The Narodowy Bank Polski (pronounced [narɔdɔvɨ bank pɔlski]; the National Bank of Poland), often abbreviated to NBP, is the central bank of Poland, founded in 1945. It controls the issuing of Poland's currency, the Polish złoty. The bank is headquartered in Warsaw, and has branches in 16 major Polish cities. The NBP represents Poland in the European System of Central Banks, an EU organization. The bank 
doesn't translate its name to English but uses its Polish name Narodowy Bank Polski in all its English communications.

The NBP is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European System of Central Banks
The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is an institution that comprises the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 27 member states of the European Union (EU). Its objective is to ensure price stability throughout the EU, and improve monetary and financial cooperation between eurozone and non-eurozone member states of the EU.
History of General Hospital
The history of General Hospital refers to the ABC Daytime soap opera, General Hospital, a daytime American television soap opera. It ranks as one of the world's longest-running soap operas, and was in continuous production until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Set in the fictional town of Port Charles, New York, the show primarily revolves around the lives and relationships of the people connected to the town's hospital. The show has aired over 15,600 episodes as of September 7, 2025, and has spawned several spin-offs since it was originally broadcast.

Luke Spencer
Luke Spencer is a fictional character in the American television soap opera General Hospital, played by Anthony Geary from 1978 until his departure in July 2015. Geary holds the record for most Daytime Emmy wins for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for his work as Luke. He was the show's fifth most tenured character after Monica Quartermaine, Laura Spencer, Scott Baldwin, and Bobbie Spencer.

The character was famously paired with Laura Spencer (named Laura Webber when he met her), starting soon after Luke Spencer joined the show. The pairing, termed "Luke and Laura" by fans, was extremely popular with viewers, and led to the creation of the "supercouple" concept, which many other soap operas attempted to emulate. The pairing culminated with the couple's wedding, which took place on the episodes aired on November 16–17, 1981; the November 17 episode was watched by 30 million people and remains the most watched hour in soap opera history.
Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.

Plagiogyria
Plagiogyria is a genus of ferns, the only genus in family Plagiogyriaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may be treated as the subfamily Plagiogyrioideae of a very broadly defined family Cyatheaceae, the placement used for the genus in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019.

Ferns of this genus present two kind of fronds, the fertile ones longer than the sterile. These ferns are found on forest soils in mountainous areas of tropical and subtropical regions. Most are native to Asia; one is found in the Americas.
David Eppstein
David Arthur Eppstein is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a distinguished professor of computer science at the University of California, Irvine. He is known for his work in computational geometry, graph algorithms, and recreational mathematics. In 2011, he was named an ACM Fellow. Eppstein is also a Wikipedia editor.

ACM Fellow
ACM Fellowship is an award and fellowship that recognises outstanding members of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The title of ACM Fellow indicates excellence, as evinced by technical, professional and leadership contributions that:

advance computing

promote the free exchange of ideas

advance the objectives of ACM

At most 1% of the ACM membership may be elected as Fellows.

New fellows are elected annually since 1993.
Lachlan Shire
Lachlan Shire is a local government area in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Lachlan River, the Lachlan Valley Way and the Broken Hill railway line.

The largest town and council seat is Condobolin.  The Shire also includes the towns and villages of Albert, Burcher, Fifield, Lake Cargelligo, Tottenham and Tullibigeal.

The mayor of Lachlan Shire Council is Cr. John Medcalf OAM, who is unaligned with any political party.

Lachlan River
The Lachlan River (Wiradjuri: Kalari, Galari, Galiyarr) is an intermittent river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands, Central West, and Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The Lachlan River is connected to the Murray–Darling basin only when both the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers are in flood. It is the only river in New South Wales with significant wetlands along its length, rather than just towards its end, including Lake Cowal-Wilbertroy, Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster, and nine wetlands of national significance.
Medieval warfare
Medieval warfare is the warfare of the Middle Ages. Technological, cultural, and social advancements had forced a severe transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics and the role of cavalry and artillery (see military history). In terms of fortification, the Middle Ages saw the emergence of the castle in Europe, which then spread to the Holy Land (modern day Israel and Palestine).

Chain mail
Mail (sometimes spelled maille and, since the 18th century, colloquially referred to as chain mail, chainmail, or chain-mail) is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was widely used in European militaries from the 3rd century BC to the 16th century AD, while in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East it remained in military use until as late as the 18th century. Chain mail is still in use in industries such as butchery and as protection against the powerful bites of creatures such as sharks. A coat of this armour is often called a hauberk or sometimes a byrnie.
1992 Citroën Cup Austrian Ladies Open
The 1992 Citroën Cup Austrian Ladies Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Tennis Club Chizzo in Kitzbühel, Austria that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and was held from 6 July until 12 July 1992. First-seeded Conchita Martínez won her second consecutive singles title at the event and earned $27,000 first-prize money.

1992 WTA Tour
The 1992 WTA Tour (officially titled 1992 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1992 tennis season.

The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Michel Preud'homme
Michel Georges Jean Ghislain Preud'homme (born 24 January 1959) is a Belgian retired footballer and manager who played as a goalkeeper. Currently, he is vice-president and sports director at Standard Liège.

He was considered one of the world's best and most consistent goalkeepers during his professional career; he was the first winner of the Yashin Award as the best goalkeeper at the 1994 FIFA World Cup.

At club level, Preud'homme played for Standard Liège, Mechelen and Benfica. With Mechelen, he won the Belgian Cup in 1987, the Cup Winner's Cup and the European Super Cup in 1988 and the Belgian league title in 1989. He also won the Portuguese Cup with Benfica in 1996. He retired as a player in 1999, aged 40. For Belgium, Preud'homme was capped 58 times, from 1979 to 1994. Other than the 1994 World Cup, he also played in the 1990 tournament.

UEFA Euro 1980
The 1980 UEFA European Football Championship finals tournament was held in Italy. This was the sixth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. It was the first European Championship to feature eight teams in the finals, which took place between 11 and 22 June 1980. West Germany won the final 2–1 against Belgium for their second title. This was the last European Championship with a third place play-off.
Vernagtferner
The Vernagtferner is a glacier located in the Ötztal Alps in Tyrol, Austria, which covers an area of 7.31 km², making it one of the largest glaciers in the Eastern Alps. The glacier is situated on the southern side of the Weißkamm. The Hochvernagtspitze and the Brochkogel are the highest mountains within its catchment region. While some maps divide Vernagtferner into Kleiner Vernagtferner and Großer Vernagtferner, with the eastern portion of the Brochkogel area referred to as Kleiner Vernagtferner, these sub-areas do not meet scientific criteria for separate designation.

The Vernagtferner glacier in the Eastern Alps is probably the best-documented glacier in history. This is primarily due to the glacial lake eruptions it has caused, which were greatly feared in the Ötztal region from the 16th to the 19th century. However, the Vernagtferner has moved far away from the Rofental and is significantly impacted by the glacier's retreat.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Chemise (wall)
In medieval castles, the chemise (French: "shirt") was typically a low wall encircling the keep, protecting the base of the tower. Alternative terms, more commonly used in English, are mantlet wall or apron wall.

In some cases, the keep could be entered only from the chemise (i.e. at the first floor level). Numerous examples exist of highly varied form, including the heavily fortified chemise of Château de Vincennes, or the more modest example at Provins, both in France. Some chemises are suggested to have been developed from earlier motte and bailey defences, though they may not usually be referred to as chemise.

In later fortification, a chemise is a wall lined with a bastion, or any other bulwark of earth, for greater support and strength.

Bastion
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification dominant from the mid 16th to mid 19th centuries.
Champdoré-Irishtown
Champdoré-Irishtown is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created out of parts of Moncton East, Shediac Bay-Dieppe, Kent South, and a small part of Moncton Northwest. It was created in 2023 and will first be contested during the 2024 New Brunswick general election. It was proposed in December 2022 and contains the newly-formed town of Champdoré as well as Irishtown, part of Moncton and Lakeville.

Shediac Bay-Dieppe
Shediac Bay-Dieppe (French: Baie-de-Shediac-Dieppe) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries.

The district runs from the coastal communities of Cocagne and Grande-Digue inland to include parts of the city of Dieppe. It drew significant pockets of population from three former electoral districts: Kent South, Dieppe Centre-Lewisville and Memramcook-Lakeville-Dieppe; as well as minor parts from Shediac-Cap-Pelé.

Brian Gallant, the 33rd Premier of New Brunswick, was re-elected in this district in 2014 and 2018.