hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
Mass civilian casualties of Israeli bombing, shelling and rocket attacks on the Gaza Strip have occurred in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in which Israeli bombing attacks on the Gaza Strip cause numerous civilian fatalities. The reason for such operations is purportedly to carry out targeted assassinations of militants from Hamas, Islamic Jihad and other groups seen to be a threat to Israel, whose Shin Bet data banks monitor thousands of Palestinians for targeting. Israel regards such cases as either unfortunate errors, the consequence of civilians being allegedly used to shield militants, or as acceptable collateral damage.

Khan Yunis
31°20′40″N 34°18′11″E﻿ / ﻿31.34444°N 34.30306°E﻿ / 31.34444; 34.30306

Khan Yunis (Arabic: خان يونس, lit. 'khan (caravanserai) [of] Yunis'), also spelled Khan Younis or Khan Yunus, is a city in the southern Gaza Strip, Palestine, and serves as the capital of the Khan Yunis Governorate. It has been largely destroyed during the Gaza war.

Before the 14th century, Khan Yunis was a village known as "Salqah". A vast caravanserai, today known as Barquq Castle, was constructed there by the emir Yunis al-Nawruzi in 1387–88, an official of the Mamluk Empire to protect caravans, pilgrims, and travellers.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Khan Yunis had a population of 205,125 in 2017. Khan Yunis, which lies only four kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) east of the Mediterranean Sea, has a semi-arid climate with temperature of 30 °C maximum in summer and 10 °C minimum in winter, with an annual rainfall of approximately 260 mm (10.2 in).
Siberian fur trade
The Siberian fur trade is an exchange concerned with the gathering, buying and selling of valuable animal furs that originate from Siberia. The Siberian fur trade expanded from localized trade, and Siberian fur is now traded around the world. The Siberian fur trade had a significant impact on the development of Siberia through exploration and colonization. The fur trade also precipitated a decline in the number of fur-bearing animals and resulted in Siberia being conquered by Russia.

Blue fox fur
Blue fox fur is a type of fur obtained from the arctic fox (most specifically, its blue variant). The other of the two zoological morphs is called white fox, whose fur (the white fox fur) is also a fur commodity.

The blue fox, an arctic fox variant, is considered more valuable than the matted and smaller fur of the white fox. Almost white blue foxes with only a slightly darker middle of the fur are traded as shadow foxes; pure white fur is usually sold to the end consumer as white fox, like that of the arctic fox.

In the jargon of the fur trade industry, the dark, bluish winter furs of all types are referred to as "blue", not just those of the "blue" foxes, in contrast to "red", the lighter and therefore usually less valued color variants of the same fur type.

The fur trade classifies the blue fox fur among the so-called noble fox furs, such as the silver fox fur, the arctic fox fur and the cross fox fur.
Francisco Jattin
Francisco José Jattin Safar (died May 15, 2009) was a Colombian politician and diplomat. He was Senator of Colombia from 1994 to 1996, when he lost his seat in Congress for his connection to the proceso 8000. Jattin also served as Chamber Representative for Córdoba, where he was President of the Chamber for three terms.

President of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
The president of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia commonly known as the president of the Chamber is the highest authority of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia. The office was established in 1811 by the First National Congress of Colombia.

It is third on the presidential line of succession after the vice president and the president of the senate.

The office is currently held by Julián David López of the Union Party for the People. He was elected on 20 July 2025.
Convoy QP 1
Convoy QP 1 (28 September – 19 October 1941) was the first Arctic Convoy of the Second World War by which the Allies brought back the ships of Operation Dervish that had carried supplies to the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of 22 June 1941. The convoy sailed from Murmansk on 28 September 1941 and arrived safely at Scapa Flow in Orkney on 19 October.

From Operation Dervish, at the end of August 1941 to 20 December, six more convoys (Convoy PQ 1 to Convoy PQ 6) sent 45 ships, all of which reached Arkhangelsk or Murmansk. German awareness of these and the reciprocal westbound convoys (Convoy QP 1 to Convoy QP 4) was too vague to plan attacks by the Kriegsmarine or the Luftwaffe.

On 13 November 1941, the commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine, Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) Erich Raeder, told Hitler that, owing to the extreme weather and the lack of air reconnaissance, the prospects of the small number of U-boats in the Arctic Ocean were poor.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Centreville, Maryland minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Centreville, Maryland between 1937 and 1946. Centreville teams played as exclusively as members of the Class D level Eastern Shore League in the 1937–1941 and 1946 seasons.

Centreville was an affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1937 and 1938, the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1941 and the Cleveland Indians in 1946.

Dover Phillies
The Dover Phillies were a minor league baseball team that played in Dover, Delaware, as part of the Eastern Shore League. Dover first played in 1889 as members of the Delaware State League. The Eastern Shore League team began as the Dover Senators (or Dobbins) from 1923–1926 and then returned as the Dover Orioles (an affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles of the International League) from 1937–1940. Then after World War II they became a Philadelphia Phillies affiliate from 1946–1948.
2020 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 2020 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas as a member of Big 12 Conference during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Jayhawks 131st season. It was the second and final year under Les Miles. The team play home games at David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.

The Jayhawks began the season 0–4 and struggled statistically through the first four games, losing by an average of 20.5 points, while being outgained on offense on average 451.8 to 261.3 and having a turnover margin of –4. Through games on October 17, they were one of only two winless teams in the country that had played at least four games.

The Jayhawks finished winless for only the third time in school history and the second time since the 2015 season.

2015 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 2015 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Jayhawks were led by first year head coach David Beaty. The team played their home games at Memorial Stadium. The Jayhawks finished the season 0–12, 0–9 in conference play. They finished in last place in the Big 12 Conference. Their winless season was only the second time in school history they finished winless, the other time being in 1954.
Diplacus tricolor
Diplacus tricolor is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name tricolor monkeyflower. It is native to Oregon and California. It grows in seasonally wet habitats such as meadows and vernal pools, including those in the San Joaquin Valley and near north coast oak woodlands. It was formerly known as Mimulus tricolor.

Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a unique type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however, adapted to this habitat specifically.

Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species, including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems.
Pound hug
The  pound hug (also referred to as a pound shake, hip-hop hug, one-armed hug, dude hug, cootie hug, homie hug, shug, bro-grab, bro hug, brah hug, thug hug, man-hug, or a daps) is a stylized greeting, exclusively performed between two people, that consists of a combination of a handshake and one-armed hug. Unlike the traditional hug, which symbolically and effectively removes interpersonal barriers and unites the two persons embracing, the pound hug—performed by keeping the right hand locked in handshake while the left arm wraps around the other's shoulder—interposes the obstacle of the two right arms to the joining of the two bodies.

Handshake
A handshake is a globally widespread, brief greeting or parting tradition in which two people grasp one of each other's hands, and in most cases, it is accompanied by a brief up-and-down movement of the grasped hands. Customs surrounding handshakes are specific to cultures. Different cultures may be more or less likely to shake hands, or there may be different customs about how or when to shake hands.
Scott Langer
Scott Langer (born May 19, 1974) is the current coach of the Aberdeen Wings in the North American Hockey League (NAHL). He previously held positions as the head coach of the Fargo Force, a Tier I junior hockey team in the United States Hockey League (USHL) and also served as the head coach and general manager of the Topeka RoadRunners. Langer is one of the most successful junior hockey coaches in the United States. He has amassed an overall record of 700-244-82 (.704), the most wins in NAHL history. Langer off the ice has helped over 290 junior hockey players reach the college hockey ranks while with the RoadRunners and Wings organizations.

America West Hockey League
The America West Hockey League (AWHL) was a Tier II Junior A ice hockey league. The AWHL was formed in 1992 to offer junior ice hockey to the Rocky Mountain region of USA Hockey. It originally was called the American Frontier Hockey League (AFHL), and the name change to AWHL came in 1998. The AWHL merged with the North American Hockey League in 2003 and after the merger, the NAHL name was kept.

In the Summer of 2011, a new league called the American West Hockey League was formed in the same region as the former AWHL operating as a Tier III league. The new AWHL featured 6 teams, including the former AWHL teams Billings Bulls, Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. The new AWHL would later be merged into the North American 3 Hockey League as the Frontier Division.
Citizens Flag Alliance
The Citizens Flag Alliance (CFA) is an American organization advocating in favor of the Flag Burning Amendment project.  CFA was founded in 1989 by the American Legion and originally called the Citizens' Flag Honor Guard.

Polish Legion of American Veterans
The Polish Legion of American Veterans, USA (PLAV) is an organization made up of U.S. military veterans.  Despite its name, membership in the PLAV is open to all veterans regardless of race, color, religion or national origin. The PLAV motto is "Unity with Heritage."
2014 Po Toi Island ship collision
On 5 May 2014, the cargo ship Zhong Xing 2 and the container ship MOL Motivator collided off Po Toi Island near Hong Kong, resulting in Zhong Xing 2 sinking. All but one of Zhong Xing 2's twelve-man crew were left missing and presumed dead; a rescue operation was conducted by Chinese authorities, and a fishing vessel rescued one man, Zhong Xing 2's sole survivor.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Sausage bread
Sausage bread is an American pizza of sausage and other ingredients rolled or enclosed in dough and cooked in an oven.

Sausage bread is typically made from pizza dough and includes Italian sausage, cheeses such as mozzarella, and other ingredients such as mushrooms and onions, depending on the recipe. If dough is used, the sausage is usually crumbled or cut, and is baked, along with the cheese inside a long piece of rolled pizza dough. Beth Hensperger's The Bread Bible recipe suggests putting the ingredients on a rectangle of dough and lengthwise jelly-roll-style to create a layered sausage bread.

Sausage bread has been modified into sausage bread pudding in an LA Times recipe.

Pizza in the United States
Pizza was introduced to the United States in the 1890s along with waves of Italian immigrants who settled primarily in the larger cities of the Northeast, such as New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore. Pizza and pizzerias rapidly grew in popularity in the late 1940s.

During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became an iconic food with considerable acceptance in the United States. Numerous regional variations have evolved, with many bearing only a casual resemblance to the Italian original. Pizza is a popular item produced by many small restaurants as well as several large pizza restaurant chains. The United States pizza restaurant industry was worth $37 billion in 2015.
1987–88 USHL season
The 1987–88 USHL season was the 9th season of the United States Hockey League as an all-junior league. The Thunder Bay Flyers won the Anderson Cup as regular season champions and the Clark Cup as postseason champions.

United States Hockey League
The United States Hockey League (USHL) is the top junior ice hockey league sanctioned by USA Hockey. The league consists of 16 active teams located in the Midwestern United States and Great Plains, for players between the ages of 16 and 21. The USHL is strictly amateur, allowing former players to compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college hockey.

The Lincoln Stars won the Anderson Cup as the 2024–25 regular season champions. The Muskegon Lumberjacks won the 2025 Clark Cup playoff championship, their first in franchise history.
Names of Bengal
Bengal is a region in South Asia, politically split between Bangladesh and India. Due to its long history and complicated political divisions, various names have been used to refer to the region and its subsections. The name Bangla is used by both Bangladesh and West Bengal in international contexts. In the Bengali language, the two Bengals each use a different term to refer to the nominally identified nation: Bānglā (বাংলা) and Baṅga (বঙ্গ).

Kingdom of Gauda
The Gauḍa kingdom was a kingdom during the Classical era in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the Gauda region of Bengal (modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) in 4th century CE or possibly earlier.
2006–07 Euroleague Regular Season Group A
Standings and results for Group A of the Regular Season phase of the 2006-07 Euroleague basketball tournament.

Tiebreakers:

Head-to-head record in matches between the tied clubs

Overall point difference in games between the tied clubs

Overall point difference in all group matches (first tiebreaker if tied clubs are not in the same group)

Points scored in all group matches

Sum of quotients of points scored and points allowed in each group match

2006–07 Euroleague
The 2006–07 Euroleague was the 7th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe, organised by Euroleague Basketball Company, and it was the 50th season of the premier competition for European men's clubs overall. The season featured 24 competing teams from 13 countries.

The competition began on October 24, 2006, at the Olympic Pavilion in Badalona, Spain, with Panathinaikos winning 82-79 against DKV Joventut. The final of the competition was held on May 6, 2007, in the Olympic Indoor Hall in Athens, Greece, the home court of Panathinaikos, with Panathinaikos defeating the defending champions, CSKA Moscow, by a score of 93-91.
Castle Dracula
Castle Dracula (also known as Dracula’s castle) is the fictitious Transylvanian residence of Count Dracula, the vampire antagonist in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel Dracula. It is the setting of the first few and final scenes of the novel.

Elizabeth Sarah Mazuchelli
Elizabeth "Nina" Sarah Mazuchelli (29 January 1832 – 14 February 1914) was an English traveller and travel writer. She published The Indian Alps and How We Crossed Them in 1876, an account of a two-month expedition into the Himalayas.

Mazuchelli is the subject of a chapter of Sara Mills's book Discourses of Difference: An Analysis of Women's Travel Writing and Colonialism. Mills points out that Mazuchelli does not fit the "conventional vision of the eccentric British spinster traveller figure" and "is, in many ways, the embodiment of the Victorian discourses of femininity".
Kulakkottan
Kulakkottan (Tamil: குளக்கோட்டன்) was an early Chola king and descendant of Manu Needhi Cholan who was mentioned in chronicles such as the Yalpana Vaipava Malai and stone inscriptions like Konesar Kalvettu. His name Kulakkottan means 'builder of tank and temple'.

Kulakkottan was the son of Vararamatevan, said to have been ruler of Chola Nadu and Madurai. The historian and author, Mudaliyar Rasanayagam states that Vararamatevan and Kulakkottan arrived in Trincomalee during the reign of King Pandu of Anuradhapura. Vararamatevan found the Koneswaram temple destroyed by the Buddhist King Mahasena. He decided to restore it, a work which was later continued by his son. Kulakkottan was credited with the restoration of the ruined Koneswaram temple and for building Kantale Dam at Trincomalee in 438 CE, and the Munneswaram temple of the west coast. He is known as the royal who settled ancient Vanniyars in the east of the island of Eelam.

The Six Dravidians
The Six Dravidians were six Tamil rulers apparently from the Pandyan Dynasty who ruled the Anuradhapura Kingdom from 436  to 452 CE. They are said to be Buddhist, taking Buddhist epithets such as the 'servant of Buddha' and are known to have made several Buddhist donations.
Khalsa Fauj
The Khalsa Fauj (lit. 'Army of the Pure') were the military forces of the Khalsa order of the Sikhs, established by the tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, in 1699. It replaced the Akal Sena that had been established by the sixth guru, Guru Hargobind.

Jathedar
A jathedar (Punjabi: ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ) is a leader of high regard chosen to head and ensure discipline within a jatha, a troop of Sikhs. In modern-times, the term is used to in-reference to leaders of Sikh spiritual organisations, such as any of the Panj Takhts.
Lectio difficilior potior
Lectio difficilior potior (Latin for "the more difficult reading is the stronger") is a main principle of textual criticism. Where different manuscripts conflict on a particular reading, the principle suggests that the more unusual one is more likely the original. The presupposition is that scribes would more often replace odd words and hard sayings with more familiar and less controversial ones, than vice versa. Lectio difficilior potior is an internal criterion, which is independent of criteria for evaluating the manuscript in which it is found, and that it is as applicable to manuscripts of a roman courtois, a classical poet, or a Sanskrit epic as it is to a biblical text.

The principle was one among a number that became established in early 18th-century text criticism, as part of attempts by scholars of the Enlightenment to provide a neutral basis for discovering an urtext that was independent of the weight of traditional authority.

Donald Ostrowski
Donald "Don" Gary Ostrowski (born 1945) is an American historian, and a lecturer in history at Harvard Extension School. He specialises in the political and social history Kievan Rus' and Muscovy (early modern Russia).
Koonoomoo
Koonoomoo /ˈkuːnʊmuː/ is a town in northern Victoria, Australia.  The town is located in the Shire of Moira local government area, 264 kilometres (164 mi) north of the state capital, Melbourne on the Goulburn Valley Highway, near the Murray River.  At the 2011 census, Koonoomoo had a population of 255.

The town is probably best known for its strawberry farms and the Big Strawberry, part of an Australian trend to build large roadside attractions. Also it is home to the Cobram State Forest which attracts many visitors.

Koonoomoo had a Post Office only for a brief period in 1917. Nearby Mywee Post Office to the west on the Shepparton railway line was open between 1911 and 1974.

On 21 March 2013 the town was struck by a violent EF4 tornado.

Goulburn Valley Highway
Goulburn Valley Highway is a highway located in Victoria, Australia, linking Tocumwal on the Murray River through North Central Victoria to Eildon. The section north of the Hume Freeway (part of which is Goulburn Valley Freeway) is part of the Melbourne to Brisbane National Highway (together with Hume Freeway) and is the main link between these two cities, as well as a major link between Victoria and inland New South Wales. It is also the most direct route between Melbourne and the major regional centre of Shepparton in Victoria (via Hume Freeway).
Recques-sur-Hem
Recques-sur-Hem (French pronunciation: [ʁɛk syʁ ɛm] ⓘ, lit. 'Recques on Hem'; West Flemish: Rekke aan de Hem) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Saint-Omer by the banks of the river Hem.

Saint-Omer
Saint-Omer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿omɛʁ] ⓘ; West Flemish: Sint-Omaars; Picard: Saint-Onmé) is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department in France.

It is 68 km (42 mi) west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais, and is located in the Artois province. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area.

The canalised section of the river Aa begins at Saint-Omer, reaching the North Sea at Gravelines in northern France. Below its walls, the Aa connects with the Neufossé Canal, which ends at the river Lys.
Cornelius Winter
Cornelius Winter (1742–1808) was an American Methodist preacher, an understudy of and assistant to George Whitefield, with whom he went to the American colony of Georgia as a catechist to Negro slaves, an educator who established two Dissenting academies for training Dissenting clergy, and "a very influential pastor".

St Andrew Holborn (parish)
St Andrew Holborn was an ancient English parish that until 1767 was partly in the City of London and mainly in the county of Middlesex. Its City, thus southern, part retained its former name or was sometimes officially referred to as St Andrew Holborn Below the Bars.