hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biological network
A biological network is a method of representing systems as complex sets of binary interactions or relations between various biological entities. In general, networks or graphs are used to capture relationships between entities or objects. A typical graphing representation consists of a set of nodes connected by edges.

Centrality
In graph theory and network analysis, indicators of centrality assign numbers or rankings to nodes within a graph corresponding to their network position. Applications include identifying the most influential person(s) in a social network, key infrastructure nodes in the Internet or urban networks, super-spreaders of disease, and brain networks. Centrality concepts were first developed in social network analysis, and many of the terms used to measure centrality reflect their sociological origin. Over time, the concept has expanded substantially, leading to the development of hundreds of distinct centrality measures, the most comprehensive listing of which is documented in the CentralityZoo online catalogue.
École du personnel navigant d'essais et de réception
EPNER (École du Personnel Navigant d’Essais et de Réception) is the French test pilot school, based on the Istres-Le Tubé Air Base, France. One of the five main test pilot schools in the western hemisphere, EPNER maintains close links with the three schools; the Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS); the United States Air Force Test Pilot School (USAFTPS) and the United States Naval Test Pilot School (USNTPS).

United States Naval Test Pilot School
The United States Naval Test Pilot School, located at Naval Air Station Patuxent River in Patuxent River, Maryland, provides instruction to experienced United States Navy, Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, and foreign military experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test flight officers in the processes and techniques of aircraft and systems testing and evaluation.
Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard
The Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard (Gallotia simonyi simonyi) is the extinct nominate subspecies of Simony's giant lizard(Gallotia simonyi). It was endemic to the small islet Roque Chico de Salmor (lit. "Salmor Small Rock") northwest of El Hierro, the westernmost of the Canary Islands.

El Hierro
El Hierro (pronounced [el ˈʝero] ⓘ; lit. 'The Iron'), nicknamed Isla del Meridiano (pronounced [ˈizla ðel meɾiˈðjano]; lit. 'Meridian Island'), is the southernmost and westernmost of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a population of 11,659 (2023). Its capital is Valverde. At 268.51 square kilometres (103.67 sq mi), it is the second-smallest of the eight inhabited islands of the Canaries, with La Graciosa being the smallest.
Alan Kerins
Alan Kerins (born 1977) is an Irish sportsman, humanitarian, social entrepreneur and philanthropist.

Kerins was a dual player for Galway, a hurler between 1997 and 2011 and a footballer between 2001 and 2004. He played with the senior inter-county team until 2011. Kerins played hurling with his local club Clarinbridge and football with Salthill–Knocknacarra. He is also founder and CEO of The Inner Winner Institute, a personal development training company.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.
Sankara College of Science and Commerce
Sankara College of Science and Commerce is an Autonomous Arts College in Saravanampatti, in the Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. It is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and is affiliated with Bharathiar University. Sankara College of Science and Commerce is accredited by NAAC with 'A' Grade, and also the college is ISO certified.

Bharathiar University
Bharathiar University is a public state university in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.  Named after Tamil poet Subramania Bharati, the university was established in February 1982 under the provision of Bharathiar University Act, 1981 (Act 1 of 1982) and was recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in 1985.

Bharathiar University celebrated its silver jubilee celebrations on 24 February 2007. Former President of India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi, were the chief guests. Bharathiar University provides graduate, masters, M.Phil. and Ph.D. programs in various subjects. The university is known for its stringent Ph.D. evaluation guidelines.
Hammetschwand Elevator
The Hammetschwand Elevator, near Lake Lucerne, Switzerland, is the highest and fastest outdoor elevator in Europe. It connects a lower station built inside Bürgenstock, a mountain beside Lake Lucerne, with an upper station at Hammetschwand, the peak of the mountain, traveling a distance of 153 m (502 ft).

Lake Lucerne
Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee, literally 'Lake of the four forested settlements' (in English usually translated as forest cantons); French: lac des Quatre-Cantons; Italian: lago dei Quattro Cantoni) is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country.
Leandro Damião
Leandro Damião da Silva dos Santos (Brazilian Portuguese: [leˈɐ̃dɾu daˈmjɐ̃w]; born 22 July 1989), known as Leandro Damião or simply Damião, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He has been capped at international level by Brazil.

2020 Emperor's Cup
The 2020 Emperor's Cup (Emperor's Cup JFA 100th Japan Football Championship (Japanese: 天皇杯 JFA 第100回全日本サッカー選手権大会)) was the 100th edition of the annual Japanese national football cup tournament. The tournament, originally scheduled to begin on 23 May, was rescheduled to begin on 16 September and ended with the final on 1 January 2021 at the National Stadium.

The number of teams was reduced to 50 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and subsequently changed to 52 teams. Both the champions of the 2020 J2 League and the 2020 J3 League entered at the quarter-finals. The top two teams from the 2020 J1 League entered at the semi-finals.

The defending champions were Vissel Kobe but they were unable to defend the title as they failed to qualify through the top two of the 2020 J1 League.

The J1 League champions Kawasaki Frontale completed the double by beating the league's runners-up Gamba Osaka in the final, earning their first Emperor's Cup title.
Yenipazar, Aydın
Yenipazar (Turkish for "new market") is a municipality and district of Aydın Province, Turkey. Its area is 245 km2, and its population is 11,863 (2022). It is 45 km (28 mi) from the city of Aydın on the road to Denizli.

Yenipazar itself is a quiet rural town providing university, high and elementary school education and other facilities to the surrounding districts. In the last two decades the population has declined as people move to Turkey's larger cities for higher education and careers and Yenipazar is selected as one of the Cittaslow towns in Turkey. The local cuisine includes a delicious flat-bread pizza called pide. Adnan Menderes University has a school here offering diplomas in banking and finance. The student population created new income opportunities for the residents of this small town. Social life is also impacted positively from the university, you can find many restaurants and cafes than you would expect from a town of this size.

Cittaslow
Cittaslow is an organisation founded in Italy and inspired by the slow food movement. Cittaslow's goals include improving the quality of life in towns by slowing down its overall pace, especially in a city's use of spaces and the flow of life and traffic through them.

As of November 2025, Cittaslow has 308 members, 221 in Europe, 71 in Asia, 6 in North America, 4 in South America, 4 in Oceania, and 2 in Africa. Countries with most members are Italy (90), Poland (37), Turkey (28), Germany (24), China (18), South Korea (15), France (13) and Spain (11).
Joxe Mendizabal
Jose Javier Mendizabal Aldalur (born 1970), known as Joxe Mendizabal, is a Spanish musician, composer, music producer and record producer.

He has worked and created music for various music groups, TV shows and movies, such as Betizu Taldea, Egin kantu! (ETB 1), ¡Menuda decisión! (Cuatro), Vaya Semanita (ETB 2), Oh Happy Day (ETB 1), Goenkale, Bago!az or Hoy quiero confesar.

Vocal coach
A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a "voice teacher"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation.
C57BL/6
C57BL/6, often referred to as "C57 black 6", "B6", "C57" or "black 6", is a common inbred strain of laboratory mouse.

It is the most widely used "genetic background" for genetically modified mice for use as models of human disease. They are the most widely used and best-selling mouse strain due to the availability of congenic strains, easy breeding, and robustness.

The median lifespan of C57BL/6 mice is 27–29 months and the maximum lifespan is about 36 months.

Bussey Institution
The Bussey Institute (1883–1936) was a respected biological institute at Harvard University. It was named for Benjamin Bussey, who, in 1835, endowed the establishment of an undergraduate school of agriculture and horticulture and donated land in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts that became the Arnold Arboretum. Bussey, a silversmith, had bought the land from the Weld family in 1806, and built a mansion in 1815. When he died, he left 300 acres (1.2 km2) to Harvard. By 1871 the Bussey Institute had been built to a design by Peabody & Stearns.
Windows Template Library
Windows Template Library (WTL) is a free software, object-oriented C++ template library for Win32 development. WTL was created by Microsoft employee Nenad Stefanovic for internal use and later released as an unsupported add-on to Visual Studio and the Win32 Framework SDK. It was developed primarily as a light-weight alternative to the Microsoft Foundation Classes and builds upon Microsoft's ATL, another lightweight API widely used to create COM and ActiveX libraries.

ActiveX
ActiveX is a deprecated software framework created by Microsoft that adapts its earlier Component Object Model (COM) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technologies for content downloaded from a network, particularly from the World Wide Web. Microsoft introduced ActiveX in 1996. In principle, ActiveX is not dependent on Microsoft Windows operating systems, but in practice, most ActiveX controls only run on Windows. Most also require the client to be running on an x86-based computer because ActiveX controls contain compiled code.

ActiveX is still supported in the "Internet Explorer mode" of Microsoft Edge (which has a different, incompatible extension system, as it is based on Google's Chromium project).
Strother MacMinn
Strother MacMinn (1918 – January 19, 1998) was an American car designer, author, and educator. While noted for his contributions to Road & Track, Motor Trend, and Automobile Quarterly and for helping found Toyota's Calty Design Research studio in California, MacMinn was widely known for an automotive design teaching career at Pasadena's Art Center College of Design that spanned fifty years — noted students include J Mays, Chris Bangle and Wayne Cherry.

Former Vice President of Design for General Motors Chuck Jordan reflected that "if you are in a car today, Mac probably influenced its design," saying also that "no one influenced car design more" than MacMinn.

J Mays
J Carrol Mays is a retired American industrial designer who served as Group Vice President of Global Design and Chief Creative Officer at Ford Motor Company, and was Chief Design Officer at Whirlpool. His first name is simply "J", after his grandfather, S J Mays.
Bonaventure Lüthen
Bonaventure Lüthen, S.D.S. (5 May 1846 - 10 December 1911), was a founding member of the Society of the Divine Savior, commonly called the Salvatorians, and a close collaborator of Venerable Francis Mary of the Cross Jordan. The cause for his beatification was introduced in 1943.

Francis Mary of the Cross Jordan
Francis Mary of the Cross Jordan, SDS (16 June 1848 – 8 September 1918), was a German Catholic priest and the founder of the Society of the Divine Savior, commonly called the Salvatorians. He was beatified by Pope Francis on May 15, 2021.
Action stroke dance notation
Action Stroke Dance Notation (ASDN) is a dance notation system that was invented by Iver Cooper. Designed for fast writing, the notations primarily consist of "action strokes" that represent one of three basic actions:

a support gesture that takes weight (e.g., hop or step)

a touch gesture (makes contacts without taking weight)

an air gesture (makes no contact)

A dance score has five sections:

general – describing the general movement of the dancer

leg (or staff) – indicating movement of the legs and feet

arm (or staff) – indicating movement of the arms and hands

trunk – indicating movement of head, neck, chest and pelvis

notes – detailed explanations of the movement

Scores are read from bottom to top. The horizontal dimension represents body symmetry and the vertical dimension represents time. ASDN employs abstract symbols and is visually similar to Motif description, a subset of Labanotation that is also designed for speed of writing.

Labanotation
Labanotation (grammatically correct form "Labannotation" or "Laban notation" is uncommon) is a system for analyzing and recording human movement (notation system), invented by Austro-Hungarian choreographer and dancer Rudolf von Laban (1879–1958, a central figure in European modern dance), who developed his notation on movements in the 1920s.
Nadlesk
Nadlesk (pronounced [naˈdlɛsk], in older sources Nadlesek) is a village south of Stari Trg in the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. The settlement includes the hamlets of Hrib, Sredi Vasi (Slovene: Sredi vasi), and Kot.

Stari Trg pri Ložu
Stari Trg pri Ložu (pronounced [ˈstaːɾi ˈtəɾk pɾi ˈloːʒu]; Slovene: Stari trg pri Ložu, German: Altenmarkt, Italian: Borgovecchio d'Olisa) is a settlement and the administrative seat of the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau
Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau (French: [kastɛlno]; 24 December 1851 – 19 March 1944) was a French military officer and Chief of Staff of the French Armed Forces during the First World War. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1919 for Aveyron and president of the Army Committee in the legislature, he then took the head of a confessional political movement, the Fédération Nationale Catholique. During the Second World War, he opposed Marshal Pétain and the Vichy regime and supported the French Resistance. For a long time controversial because of a Catholicism that was considered outrageous by his opponents, historians have moderated that portrait by emphasising his great loyalty to republican institutions and disputed in particular that he could have been reactionary or anti-Semitic.

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (lit. 'Special Military School of Saint-Cyr', abbr. ESM), often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is a French military academy. It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.

French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers.

The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coëtquidan military camp in Morbihan.

France's other senior military institutes are the École de guerre and the École de guerre - Terre, located in the École militaire complex, in Paris.
Limpopo railway
Limpopo Railway, also called Gweru-Maputo railway, is a railway that connects the city of Maputo, Mozambique, to the city from Somabhula, in Zimbabwe. It is 900 km long, in a 1067 mm gauge.

On the Mozambican stretch, between Maputo and Chicualacuala, the managing company is Mozambique Ports and Railways (CFM); on the Zimbabwean stretch, between the cities of Nyangambe (Sango-Nyala) and Somabhula, the administration is done by the company National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ).

Its main maritime logistics facility is the port of Maputo.

Chokwe, Mozambique
Chokwé, previously known as Vila Trigo de Morais, is a rural town and capital of Chokwe District in the province of Gaza in Mozambique. It is located about 230 kilometres (140 mi) north of the capital city of Maputo. This agricultural town is noted for its tomatoes.
Southwold railway station
Southwold railway station was located in Southwold, Suffolk. It closed in 1929, 50 years after it had opened for passenger traffic.
The station was demolished after closure and the site in Station Road is now occupied by the Police Station.

Southwold
Southwold is a seaside town and civil parish on the North Sea, in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It lies at the mouth of the River Blyth in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 11 miles (18 km) south of Lowestoft, 29 miles (47 km) north-east of Ipswich and 97 miles (156 km) north-east of London, within the parliamentary constituency of Suffolk Coastal. At the 2021 Census, the population was 950.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1878–1880
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council from the elections of 17 August – 16 September 1878 to the elections of 20 March – 14 July 1880.

There were six Electoral Provinces and five members elected to each Province.

Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Council, not necessarily for that Province.

William Mitchell was President of the Council, Caleb Jenner was Chairman of Committees.

[a] Cole died 26 April 1879, replaced by James Lorimer who was elected unopposed 12 May 1879 sworn-in in July 1879.

James Lorimer (Australian politician)
Sir James Lorimer KCMG (30 March 1831 – 6 September 1889) was an Australian politician and businessman. He was the first chairman of the Melbourne Harbor Trust and a Member of the Legislative Council in the Victorian parliament from 1879 to 1889.
Panama men's national basketball team
The Panama men's national basketball team (Spanish: selección de baloncesto de Panamá) represents Panama in men's international basketball competitions, The team represents both FIBA and FIBA Americas.

With four qualifications to the Basketball World Cup, one qualification to the Olympic Games, and one medal at the Pan American Games, Panama has traditionally been the dominant basketball power in Central America.

2022 FIBA AmeriCup
The 2022 FIBA AmeriCup was the 19th edition of the FIBA AmeriCup, the quadrennial international men's basketball championship organized by FIBA Americas. The tournament was held in Recife, Brazil, as Brasília was dropped as a second host city months before the tournament. It was originally scheduled to take place in 2021, but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic to 2 to 11 September 2022.

The 2022 FIBA AmeriCup concluded with Argentina winning the final against Brazil to win their third title. The United States secured the bronze medal with a victory over Canada.
Sandman (Marvel Comics)
The Sandman (William Baker, a.k.a. Flint Marko) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. A shapeshifter endowed through an accident with the ability to turn himself into sand, he started out as a recurring adversary to the superhero Spider-Man, but has redeemed himself over time, eventually becoming an antihero. The Sandman has also been an enemy of the Fantastic Four and is a founding member of the supervillain teams the Sinister Six and the Frightful Four.

The character has been adapted into various other media incarnations of Spider-Man, including films, television series, and video games. In live-action, he was portrayed by Thomas Haden Church in Spider-Man 3 (2007) and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). An illusionary creature based on the Sandman appeared in the MCU film Spider-Man: Far from Home (2019). In 2009, the Sandman was ranked as IGN's 72nd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
The Towans
Towan (from Cornish: Tewyn, meaning "sand dune") is found in many placenames in Cornwall (Porthtowan for example). However, The Towans usually refers to the three-mile (5 km) stretch of coastal dunes which extends north-east from the estuary of the River Hayle (at 50°11′33″N 5°25′52″W﻿ / ﻿50.19256°N 5.43111°W﻿ / 50.19256; -5.43111) to Gwithian beach (at 50°13′48″N 5°23′29″W﻿ / ﻿50.22991°N 5.39145°W﻿ / 50.22991; -5.39145) with a midpoint near Upton (at 50°12′38″N 5°24′28″W﻿ / ﻿50.21053°N 5.40768°W﻿ / 50.21053; -5.40768). The South West Coast Path crosses the towans.

Porthtowan
Porthtowan (Cornish: Porthtewyn, meaning landing place at the sand dunes) is a small village in Cornwall, England, UK, which is a popular summer tourist destination. Porthtowan is on Cornwall's north Atlantic coast about 3.5 km (2.2 mi) southwest of St Agnes, 6 km (3.7 mi) north of Redruth, 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Truro and 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Newquay in the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, a World Heritage Site.

Porthtowan is popular with surfers and industrial archaeologists; former mine stacks and engine houses dot the landscape. It lies on the South West Coast Path.
Surat Split
The Surat Split was the splitting of the (INC) Indian National Congress into two groups - the Early Nationalists aka Moderates and Radicals aka Extremists - at the Surat session in 1907.

However, this split was mended in the Congress session held in Lucknow in 1916

Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Marathi: बाळ गंगाधर टिळक pronunciationⓘ; born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: [keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək]); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist and self-rule activist in the Indian independence movement. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. The honorific "Lokmanya" (meaning "accepted by the people as their leader") was applied to him by his supporters.

Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ('self-rule') and is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with the leaders of the "New Party" (Nationalists), joining forces with Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghose to advocate for self-rule. He also worked with V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah who later oversaw Pakistan's independence from British rule.