hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kletsk
The Battle of Kletsk (Lithuanian: Klecko mūšis, Belarusian: Бітва пад Клецкам) was fought on 5 August 1506 near Kletsk (now in Belarus) between the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army, led by Court Marshal of Lithuania Michael Glinski, and the army of the Crimean Khanate, led by Fetih I Giray and Burnaş I Giray, sons of the Khan of Crimea, Meñli I Giray. The battle was the most decisive Lithuanian victory over the Tatars in centuries after the Battle of Blue Waters.

Battle of Blue Waters
The Battle of Blue Waters was fought at some time in the autumn of 1362 or 1363 on the banks of the Syniukha River, a left tributary of the Southern Bug, between the armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Golden Horde. The Lithuanians won a decisive victory and finalized their conquest of the Principality of Kiev.
Tollgate Hotel
The Tollgate Hotel (also referred to as the Toll Gate Inn, Tollgate Motel or Europa Lodge) was a large roadside inn and hotel at the junction of the A2 (Watling Street) and Wrotham Road (A227) near Gravesend, Kent.

Mitie
Mitie Group PLC (pronounced "mighty") is a British strategic outsourcing and energy services company. It provides infrastructure consultancy, facilities management, property management, energy and healthcare services. It has a head office at The Shard in London and more than 200 smaller offices throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Champa rice
Champa rice is a quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests of sixty days each per growing season. Champa rice is from the aus sub-population, which shares similarities with both the japonica and the indica rice varieties. Likely originating from Eastern India, Champa rice was introduced from the Champa Kingdom into Song China in the 11th century. Champa rice was then sent to Song China in the 11th century as a tribute gift from Champa during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song (r. 997–1022). Song dynasty officials gave the quick-growing champa rice to peasants across China in order to boost their crop yields, and its rapid growth time was crucial in feeding the burgeoning Chinese population of over 100 million. Champa rice spread with the help of merchants transporting the rice throughout the silk road.

Japonica rice
Japonica rice (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica), sometimes called sinica rice, is one of the two major domestic types of Asian rice varieties. Japonica rice is extensively cultivated and consumed in East Asia and Italy, whereas in most other regions indica rice is the dominant type of rice. Japonica rice originated from Central China, where it was first domesticated along the Yangtze River basin approximately 9,500 to 6,000 years ago.
Hopwood, Worcestershire
Hopwood is a small settlement in the civil parish of Alvechurch, in the Bromsgrove district, in Worcestershire, England, located south of Birmingham, on the Worcester and Birmingham Canal. The settlement is developed around an inn, where users of the canal would have broken their journey. In 2021 it had a population of 952.

Today's Hopwood is the location of Hopwood Park services, a motorway service station on the M42 motorway.

Places nearby include: Barnt Green, Alvechurch, Bittell Reservoir and Longbridge.

Barnt Green
Barnt Green is a village and civil parish in the Bromsgrove District of Worcestershire, England, situated 10 miles (16 km) south of Birmingham city centre, with a population at the 2011 census of 1,794.
Jim Bellamy
James Francis Bellamy (11 September 1881 – 30 March 1969) was an English football player and manager who played as right half or outside right for a number of clubs in the Football League, including Woolwich Arsenal, Burnley and Fulham. He also played in Scotland, winning the Scottish Cup with Dundee in 1910.

Bellamy went on to coach in various European countries, such as Germany, Italy with Brescia Calcio, and Spain with FC Barcelona.

1909–10 Scottish Cup
The 1909–10 Scottish Cup was the 37th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition.

The cup was won by Dundee who defeated Clyde 2–0 in the second replay final, after drawing 2–2 and 0–0. As of 2025, it is the only time the club has won the trophy in its 132-year history, with the 115-year period since a last victory - including final defeats in 1925, 1952, 1964 and 2003 – exceeding that of Hibernian (114 years between 1902 and 2016).
1962 Makarska earthquakes
The 1962 Makarska earthquakes occurred on January 7 to January 11 near the towns of Podgora and Makarska in Dalmatia, Croatia (at the time part of SFR Yugoslavia). The event is what is known as a doublet earthquake, where there are two or more main shocks occurring in a short span of time. The two earthquake measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale. The first tremor was assigned VIII (Severe), and the second event IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale.

The earthquakes killed a total of 6 people, and caused damage to vulnerable structures. A tsunami may have been triggered by the quakes according to nearby tide gauges.

1667 Dubrovnik earthquake
The 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake was one of the three most devastating earthquakes to hit what is now modern Croatia in the last 2,400 years, since records began. The entire city was almost destroyed and around 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed. The city's Rector Simone Ghetaldi was killed and over three quarters of all public buildings were destroyed. At the time, Dubrovnik was the capital of the Republic of Ragusa. The earthquake marked the beginning of the end of the Republic.
Estádio Santa Rosa
Estádio Santa Rosa was a multi-use stadium located in Novo Hamburgo, Brazil. It was used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo. The stadium had a maximum capacity of 17,000 people.

Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo
Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo, commonly referred to as Novo Hamburgo, is a Brazilian football club based in Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul. It currently plays in Campeonato Gaúcho Série A, the first level of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league.

Novo Hamburgo plays home games at the Estádio do Vale, which has a maximum capacity of 5,196.
Charles Ridsdale
Charles Henry Ridsdale (also Risdale; 1873–1952) was an eminent Anglican bishop in the first half of the twentieth century.

Educated at Malvern College and Trinity College, Oxford he was ordained in 1898. and  began his ecclesiastical career as a Curate in Tideswell. After this he was head of the Trinity College Mission at Stratford; Vicar of St Margaret's, Leytonstone; and then Archdeacon of Gloucester before a 13-year spell as Bishop of Colchester (1933–1946).

Bishop of Colchester
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Colchester is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop, who is also an area bishop, of the Church of England Diocese of Chelmsford in the Province of Canterbury, England.

The current bishop is Roger Morris, former Archdeacon of Worcester, who was consecrated as Bishop of Colchester on 25 July 2014 at St Paul's Cathedral, London.

The title takes its name after the town of Colchester in Essex and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. The suffragan bishops have been under the jurisdiction of a number of different dioceses. They were originally appointed for the Diocese of London but changed in 1845 to the Diocese of Rochester and again in 1877 to the Diocese of St Albans. With the creation of the Diocese of Chelmsford in 1914, the suffragan bishops now come under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Chelmsford. The bishops suffragan of the diocese have also area bishops since the Chelmsford area scheme was erected in 1983.
Gransherad (village)
Gransherad is a village in Notodden Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located along the river Tinnelva, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south of the village of Tinnoset and the lake Tinnsjå. It sits about 17 kilometres (11 mi) to the southwest of the village of Bolkesjø, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) to the northwest of the town of Notodden, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the northwest of the village of Heddal, and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the northeast of the village of Sauland (in Hjartdal Municipality). Gransherad Church is located in the village.

Historically, this village was the administrative centre of the old Gransherad Municipality which existed from 1860 until 1964. Prior to 1860, the village and surrounding areas were part of Hjartdal.

Gransherad Church
Gransherad Church (Norwegian: Gransherad kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Notodden Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gransherad. It is the church for the Gransherad parish which is part of the Øvre Telemark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1849 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 250 people.
FC Frauenfeld
FC Frauenfeld is a Swiss football team that currently plays in 2. Liga Interregional, the fifth tier in the Swiss football pyramid. The club was founded in 1906. It finished the 2008/2009 season in 13th position in Group 5 resulting in relegation from the 2. Liga Interregional down to the sixth tier, the 2. Liga. However, the club improved over the years, and by the start of the 2015–16 season it was back into the 2. Liga Interregional.

2. Liga Interregional
2. Liga Interregional (2nd League Interregional in English) is the fifth tier of the Swiss football league system. From 2000 to 2012, it was the country's fourth level. From 2013, the league was demoted to fifth level. The division is split into 5 groups of 14 teams since 2025–26 season onwards, by geographical region.
Tachikawa air disaster
The Tachikawa air disaster (Japanese: 立川基地グローブマスター機墜落事故, Hepburn: Tachikawa kichi Gurōbumasutā-ki tsuiraku jiko) occurred on the afternoon of Thursday, June 18, 1953, when a United States Air Force (USAF) Douglas C-124 Globemaster II aircraft crashed three minutes after takeoff from Tachikawa, Japan, killing all 129 people on board.  At the time, the crash was the deadliest in aviation history.

Tachikawa, Tokyo
Tachikawa (立川市, Tachikawa-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 184,383 in 93,428 households, and a population density of 7,600 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is  24.36 square kilometres (9.41 sq mi).
1905 AAA Championships
The 1905 AAA Championships was the 1905 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held on Saturday 1 July 1905 at the Stamford Bridge (stadium) in London, England, in front of 7–8,000 spectators.

The Championships consisted of 16 events.

Stamford Bridge (stadium)
Stamford Bridge (/ˈstæmfərd/) is a football stadium in Fulham, in the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, in West London. It is the home of Premier League club Chelsea. With a capacity of 41,312, it is the twelfth-largest football stadium in England.

Opened in 1877, the stadium was used by London Athletic Club until 1905, when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since. It has undergone major changes over the years, most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern, all-seater stadium.

Stamford Bridge has hosted Charity Shield games. It has also hosted numerous other sports, such as cricket, rugby union, rugby league, speedway, greyhound racing, baseball and American football. The stadium's highest official attendance is 82,905, for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935.
PFC Zviahel
Football Club Zviahel (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб Звягель) was a Ukrainian football team from Zviahel. On 16 November 2022, the Ukrainian parliament has approved returning of the city's historical name and the club's name became coincidental with the city's name.

In 2022 the club debuted at professional level becoming the first football club from Zviahel to do so. In 2024 rumors appeared that club may fold following the 2023–24 season and appearance of Polissya-2. On 26 May 2024, "Ukraiyinskyi football" online media was inquiring about the future of Zviahel and was assured that the club will continue to play.

Zviahel
Zviahel (Ukrainian: Звягель, IPA: [ˈzʲwʲɑɦelʲ]; Yiddish: זוויל, romanized: Zvil) is a city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. The city serves as the administrative center of Zviahel Raion (district). According to a 2025 estimate, its population was approximately 54,3 thousand inhabitants.

The city is located on the main route that links Lviv to Kyiv (E40). It is located on the Sluch River, which forms the eastern border of Volhynia.
Epimenides (crater)
Epimenides is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side, just to the east of the oddly shaped crater Hainzel. Just to the north and northeast is Lacus Timoris, a small lunar mare. The crater is 27 kilometers in diameter and 2,000 meters deep. It may be from the Pre-Nectarian period, 4.55 to 3.92 billion years ago.

The outer rim of this crater is roughly circular, but uneven due to the irregular terrain in which it is located. The southern edge is distended where a smaller formation has overlapped the side. The interior floor is relatively level and featureless. About five kilometers southeast from the crater's southern edge is the satellite crater Epimenides S, which is almost the same size as the main crater and is nearly circular, except for a craterlet making an indentation in its eastern side.

The crater is named for the 6th-century BC Cretan poet and prophet Epimenides.

Pre-Nectarian
The pre-Nectarian period of the lunar geologic timescale runs from 4.533 billion years ago (the time of the initial formation of the Moon) to 3.920 billion years ago, when the Nectaris Basin was formed by a large impact. It is followed by the Nectarian period.
Al-Salihiyah, Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Al-Salihiyah (Arabic: الصالحية; also spelled Salhiyé) is a town in eastern Syria, administratively part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, located on the western bank of the Euphrates River, south of Deir ez-Zor. Nearby localities include al-Asharah, Mayadin and al-Muhasan to the north and Hajin and al-Jalaa to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Salihiyah had a population of 4,471 in the 2004 census. The village is located just next to the site of ancient Dura-Europos.

Al-Jalaa
Al-Jalaa (Arabic: ٱلْجَلَاء, romanized: al-Jalāʾ) is a small city in eastern Syria, administratively part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, located along the Euphrates River, south of Deir ez-Zor. Nearby localities include al-Abbas to the west, al-Ramadi and Abu Kamal to the south and Kharayij and Hajin to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Jalaa had a population of 9,171 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of a nahiyah ("subdistrict") of the Abu Kamal District. The al-Jalaa subdistrict consists of six towns which had a collective population of 29,255 in 2004.

In the Syrian Civil War the city was occupied by ISIL until the Syrian army captured it on 5 December 2017.
Timeline of historic inventions
The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly significant technological inventions and their inventors, where known.  This page lists non-incremental inventions that are widely recognized by reliable sources as having had a direct impact on the course of history that was profound, global, and enduring. The dates in this article make frequent use of the units mya and kya, which refer to millions and thousands of years ago, respectively.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Yuchi Town Site
Yuchi Town Site, or Yuchi Town, is a late prehistoric and historic era archaeological site showing occupation of both the Apalachicola and of Yuchi tribes.  The site is located in a remote area of Fort Moore (formerly Fort Benning), Russell County, Alabama.  The Yuchi Town Site is an example of historic Native American cultures adopting various strategies to maintain their cultural integrity in the face of European colonization and the expansion of the United States. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1996.

Yuchi
The Yuchi people are a Native American tribe based in Oklahoma, though their original homeland was in the southeastern United States.

In the 16th century, the Yuchi lived in the eastern Tennessee River valley. By the late 17th century, they had migrated south to Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina, settling near the Muscogee Creek people. Some also migrated to the Florida panhandle. After suffering heavy losses from epidemic diseases and warfare in the 18th century, the remaining Yuchi bands were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory in the 1830s, alongside their allies, the Muscogee Creek.

Today, the Yuchi primarily reside in northeastern Oklahoma, where many are enrolled citizens of the federally recognized Muscogee (Creek) Nation. They continue to maintain a distinct cultural identity, with some members still speaking the Yuchi language, a linguistic isolate.
2018 Pan American Women's Youth Handball Championship
The 2018 Pan American Women's Youth Handball Championship was the 12th edition of the tournament, held in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina at the CeNARD from 10 to 14 April 2018. It acts as the American qualifying tournament for the 2018 Women's Youth World Handball Championship.

Pan American Women's Youth Handball Championship
The Pan American Women's Youth Handball Championship was the official competition for youth women's national handball teams of Americas, and took place every two years. In addition to crowning the Pan American champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the Youth World Championship. In 2018, the PATHF was deprived of recognition and the tournament was replaced with the IHF Trophy for North America and the Caribbean, and the South and Central American Women's Youth Handball Championship.
Sarcocornia
Sarcocornia is a formerly recognized genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. Species are known commonly as samphires, glassworts, or saltworts. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that when separated from Salicornia, the genus is paraphyletic, since Salicornia is embedded within it, and Sarcocornia has now been merged into a more broadly circumscribed Salicornia. When separated from Salicornia, the genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and is most diverse in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa.

Salicornia neei
Salicornia neei is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to Venezuela, the Galápagos, mainland Ecuador to South Brazil and Southern South America. It was first described in 1817.
Paul Canart
Mgr Paul Georges Lucien Canart (25 October 1927 – 14 September 2017) was a Belgian librarian, palaeographer and Catholic priest who worked at the Vatican Library for nearly sixty years, most notably as Vice Prefect from 1994 to 1997.

Carlo Maria Martini
Carlo Maria Martini SJ (15 February 1927 – 31 August 2012) was an Italian Jesuit and Biblical scholar. He served as Archbishop of Milan from 1980 to 2002 and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983.

Martini entered the Society of Jesus in 1944 and was ordained a priest in 1952. A towering intellectual figure, Martini was the liberal contender for the papacy in the 2005 conclave, following the death of Pope John Paul II. According to highly placed Vatican sources, Martini received more votes in the first round than Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the conservative candidate. Ratzinger ended up with more votes in subsequent rounds and was elected pope.

Suffering from a rare form of Parkinson's disease, Martini retired as archbishop in 2002 and moved to the Pontifical Institute in Jerusalem. He died at the Jesuit Aloisianum College in Gallarate near Milan eight years later.
Downtown Columbus, Georgia
Downtown Columbus, Georgia, also called "Uptown" (see here), is the central business district of the city of Columbus, Georgia. The commercial and governmental heart of the city has traditionally been toward the eastern end of Downtown Columbus, between 10th Street and 1st Avenue. Recent developments, particularly between Broadway and 2nd Avenue, have expanded the boundaries of the "central" part of the neighborhood. The term "Downtown Columbus" can also mean this smaller, more commercial area, particularly when used in the context of the city's nightlife and restaurants.

South of Broadway is a much more residential area, characterized by historic homes, new infill construction, and some public housing. This part of Downtown Columbus has the highest concentration of hotels, particularly along Front Avenue, and the Broadway commercial corridor is the center of business.

Battle of Columbus (1865)
32°28′01″N 84°59′49″W﻿ / ﻿32.467°N 84.997°W﻿ / 32.467; -84.997

The Battle of Columbus, Georgia (April 16, 1865), was the last conflict in the Union campaign through Alabama and Georgia, known as Wilson's Raid, in the final full month of the American Civil War.

Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson had been ordered to destroy the city of Columbus as a major Confederate manufacturing center. He exploited enemy confusion when troops from both sides crowded on to the same bridge in the dark, and the garrison withheld its cannon fire. Next morning, Wilson laid waste to the city and took many prisoners.

Several authorities claim Columbus should be classified as the last battle of the Civil War, while others point to a battle which occurred after the Confederacy was vanquished, the Battle of Palmito Ranch. The Battle of Columbus is also known as the Battle of Girard, Alabama (now Phenix City).
Bob Lenarduzzi
Robert Italo Lenarduzzi, OBC (born May 1, 1955) is a former North American Soccer League player, Canadian international, and coach of the Canadian national and Olympic soccer teams. He is currently club liaison for Vancouver Whitecaps FC. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Canada Soccer Hall of Fame
The Canada Soccer Hall of Fame honours people and institutions for their contributions to Canadian soccer. It was founded in 1997 by the Ontario Soccer Association and was originally located in Vaughan, Ontario. As of 2024, the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame has inducted 144 players, 13 managers/coaches, 10 officials, and 45 builders as honoured members. Additionally, the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame has recognized 18 teams of distinction and 21 organizations of distinction.

After the Canadian Soccer Association Alumni Association was founded in 1987, the Soccer Hall of Fame was founded by the Ontario Soccer Association in 1997 in Vaughan. The new Canada Soccer Hall of Fame was launched in May 2017 under the direction of the Canadian Soccer Association in Ottawa, Ontario. All previously-inducted members of The Soccer Hall of Fame as well as a catch-up class of 17 legends were named to the new Canada Soccer Hall of Fame.