hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Renan Öztürk
Renan Öztürk (born April 7, 1980) is a Turkish-American rock climber, free soloist, mountaineer, visual artist, and  filmmaker. He is best known for climbing the Shark's Fin route on his second attempt to Meru Peak in the Himalayas with Jimmy Chin and Conrad Anker in 2011, where he also suffered a minor stroke. The successful 2011 ascent of the Shark's Fin on Meru and a prior attempt in 2008 were detailed in the 2015 documentary film Meru.

Turkish Americans
Turkish Americans (Turkish: Türk Amerikalılar) or American Turks (Turkish: Amerikalı Türkler)  are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. The term "Turkish Americans" can therefore refer to ethnic Turkish immigrants to the United States, as well as their American-born descendants, who originate either from the Ottoman Empire or from post-Ottoman modern nation-states. The majority trace their roots to the Republic of Turkey, however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities in the US which descend from the island of Cyprus, the Balkans, North Africa, the Levant and other areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, in recent years there has been a significant number of ethnic Turkish people coming to the US from the modern Turkish diaspora (i.e. outside the former Ottoman territories), especially from the Turkish Meskhetian diaspora in Eastern Europe (e.g. from Krasnodar Krai in Russia) and "Euro-Turks" from Central and Western Europe (e.g. Turkish Germans etc.).
Digital Curation Centre
The Digital Curation Centre (DCC) was established to help solve the extensive challenges of digital preservation and digital curation and to lead research, development, advice, and support services for higher education institutions in the United Kingdom.

Throughout its history the DCC has been an active organisation in the realm of digital preservation. In partnership with other institutions, the DCC has created and developed tools for tackling issues in digital preservation and curation. Such tools include a lifecycle model for data curation, a risk assessment for digital repositories, and an interview protocol to assist institutions in understanding their research data collections.

Since July 2016, the DCC is no longer supported by Jisc funding.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
Terme di Saturnia
42°39′29.21″N 11°30′58.35″E﻿ / ﻿42.6581139°N 11.5162083°E﻿ / 42.6581139; 11.5162083
The Terme di Saturnia are a group of thermal springs located in the municipality of Manciano in Italy, a few kilometers from the village of Saturnia, Province of Grosseto. The springs that feed the baths, which are found in the south-eastern valley, cover a vast territory that stretches from Mount Amiata to the coast.

Province of Grosseto
The province of Grosseto (Italian: provincia di Grosseto) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Grosseto. As of 2013 the province had a total population of 225,098 people.
Stadio Piergiovanni Mecchia
Stadio Pier Giovanni Mecchia is a multi-purpose stadium in Portogruaro, Italy.  It is mainly used for football matches and hosts the home matches of A.S.D. Portogruaro of the Promozione.  The stadium has a capacity of 4,021 spectators.

Portogruaro
Portogruaro (Venetian: Porto, Friulian: Puart) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Veneto, northern Italy. The city was the centre of a district, made up of 11 comuni, which formed the Venezia Orientale with the San Donà di Piave district.
Fais Island
Fais Island  is a raised coral island in the eastern Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. Fais Island is located approximately 87 kilometres (54 mi) east of Ulithi and 251 kilometres (156 mi) northeast of Yap and is the closest land to Challenger Deep, about 180 miles away. The name may mean 'rising rock.'

The population of Fais Island was 215 in 2000.

Raised coral atoll
A raised coral atoll or uplifted coral atoll is an atoll that has been lifted high enough above sea level by tectonic forces, protecting it from scouring by storms and enabling soils and diverse – often endemic – species of flora and fauna to develop. With the exception of Aldabra in the Indian Ocean and Henderson Island in the Pacific Ocean, most tropical raised atolls have been dramatically altered by human activities such as species introduction, phosphate mining, and even bomb testing.
Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)
The Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) (Ukrainian: Соцiал-демократична партія України (об'єднана), romanized: Sotsial-demokratychna partiia Ukrainy (obiednana), abbreviated SDPU(o) or СДПУ(о)) is a Ukrainian political party that was originally established as the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine. At the 1998 and 2002 parliamentary elections it won parliamentary seats, but has since then failed to win any seats. When in the Verkhovna Rada the party was influential, but since the Orange Revolution (of late 2004) it has been marginalized.

Political parties in Ukraine
This article presents the historical development and role of political parties in Ukrainian politics, and outlines more extensively the significant modern political parties since Ukraine gained independence in 1991.
James Fraser (Lower Canada politician)
James Fraser (ca 1785 – September 15, 1844) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Montreal West in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1814 to 1816.

Fraser was a broker and auctioneer at Montreal. In 1814, he married Ann Brownson. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1816. Fraser died in Montreal.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Rusociny
Rusociny [rusɔˈt͡ɕinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabica, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Grabica, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 32 km (20 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Grabica, Piotrków County
Grabica [ɡraˈbit͡sa] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Grabica. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Piotrków Trybunalski and 33 km (21 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 390.
Quaternion Association
The Quaternion Association was a scientific society, self-described as an "International Association for Promoting the Study of Quaternions and Allied Systems of Mathematics". At its peak it consisted of about 60 mathematicians spread throughout the academic world that were experimenting with quaternions and other hypercomplex number systems. The group's guiding light was Alexander Macfarlane who served as its secretary initially, and became president in 1909. The association published a Bibliography in 1904 and a Bulletin (annual report) from 1900 to 1913.

The Bulletin became a review journal for topics in vector analysis and abstract algebra such as the theory of equipollence. The mathematical work reviewed pertained largely to matrices and linear algebra as the methods were in rapid development at the time.

Equipollence (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, equipollence is a homogeneous relation between directed line segments. Two segments are said to be equipollent when they have the same length and direction. Two equipollent segments are parallel but not necessarily colinear nor overlapping. For example, a segment AB, from point A to point B, has the opposite direction to segment BA; thus AB and BA are not equipollent.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Nasarawa State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Nasarawa State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Nasarawa State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

Nasarawa West senatorial district
Nasarawa West senatorial district covers five local governments: Karu, Keffi, Kokona, Nasarawa and Toto. Keffi is the headquarters (collation centre) of the Nasarawa West senatorial district. The district is currently represented by Ahmed Aliyu Wadada of the All Progressives Congress, APC.
Haemanthus sanguineus
Haemanthus sanguineus is a South African bulbous geophyte in the genus Haemanthus that occurs in the fynbos vegetation of the Western Cape.

This endemic fynbos geophyte is dormant during the summer and cannot be seen. In the autumn a striking crimson inflorescence emerges from the ground. This consists of a crimson stem that bears a mass of tiny red, crimson and yellow individual flowers.

The plant then produces two circular leathery leaves in the autumn and winter. These lie flat on the ground and are typically edged with scarlet hairs. They are a deep green on the upper surface and underneath are covered in pink and red spots.

Haemanthus
Haemanthus is a Southern African genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Members of the genus are known as blood lily and paintbrush lily. There are some 22 known species, native to South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Eswatini. About 15 species occur in the winter rainfall region of Namaqualand and the Western Cape, the remainder being found in the summer rainfall region, with one species Haemanthus albiflos occurring in both regions.
Castelpetroso
Castelpetroso is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Campobasso and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Isernia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,708 and an area of 22.6 square kilometres (8.7 sq mi).

Castelpetroso borders the following municipalities: Carpinone, Castelpizzuto, Pettoranello del Molise, Santa Maria del Molise.

Campobasso
Campobasso (UK: /ˌkæmpoʊˈbæsoʊ/, Italian: [ˌkampoˈbasso] ⓘ; Campobassan: Cambuàsce [ˌkambuˈwaʃʃə]) is a city and comune in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Molise and of the province of Campobasso. It is located in the high basin of the Biferno river, surrounded by the Sannio and Matese mountains.

Campobasso is renowned for the craftsmanship of blades (including scissors and knives), a fact well documented since the 14th century. It is also famous for the production of pears and scamorza (cheese). The city is home to the University of Molise and the Archdiocese of Campobasso-Boiano.
TB8Cs4H2 snoRNA
TB8Cs4H2 is a member of the H/ACA-like class of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) thus named because of its cellular localization in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell.  TB8Cs4H2 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of LSU3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue Ψ141.

Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins, though this ratio differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Angelo Tsagarakis
Angelo Constantin Tsagarakis (Greek: Άγγελος Τσαγκαράκης; born June 3, 1984) is a retired French-Greek professional basketball player who played both point guard and shooting guard. Tsagarakis played college basketball at Oregon State University, with the Oregon Beavers, and at Cal Poly Pomona, with the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos.He is since April 2022 the head coach of all Greek 3x3 basketball national teams.

Recognized as one of the premier 3x3 players on the international scene, he was a member and leader of the French National Team that competed and brought back the bronze medal at the 2017 FIBA 3x3 World Cup. While representing France in international competitions between 2017 and 2018, Tsagarakis brought back two long-distance shooting gold medals at the 2017 World Cup in Nantes and the 2018 Europe Cup in Bucharest.
He was also the top FIBA ranked French 3x3 player for the year 2015.

French basketball league system
The French basketball league system is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in France. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and relegation system between competitions at different levels. Some of the competitions are: the LNB Pro A, LNB Pro B, Nationale Masculine 1 (NM1), the Nationale Masculine 2 (NM2), the Nationale Masculine 3 (NM3), and the LNB Espoirs.
Équipe du renouveau de la cité de Saint-Léonard
The Équipe du renouveau de la cité de Saint-Léonard (English: Municipal Renewal Party of Saint-Leonard) was a political party based in the suburban community of Saint-Leonard in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It existed from 1978 to 1984, and was the dominant party in Saint-Leonard during this time.

The party was founded by Michel Bissonnet, who served as mayor of Saint-Leonard from 1978 until 1981, when he was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec as a Liberal Party candidate. Antonio di Ciocco became party leader after Bissonnet's departure and was elected mayor in a 1981 by-election. Di Ciocco was re-elected in the 1982 municipal general election, and the party won nine out of twelve seats.

Di Coccio died in 1984, at which time the party split into two factions. Raymond Renaud formed the Ralliement de Saint-Léonard party, while his rival Dominic Moschella formed Action civique de Saint-Léonard.

Saint-Leonard, Quebec
Saint-Leonard (/ˈliːoʊnɑːrd/ LEE-oh-nard; French: Saint-Léonard [sɛ̃ leɔnaʁ] ⓘ) is a borough (arrondissement) of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Formerly a separate city, it was amalgamated into the city of Montreal in 2002. The former city was originally called Saint-Leonard de Port Maurice after Leonard of Port Maurice, an Italian saint. The borough is home to Montreal's Via Italia.
Ajinomoto Stadium
The Tokyo Stadium (東京スタジアム, Tōkyō Sutajiamu), currently known as Ajinomoto Stadium (味の素スタジアム, Ajinomoto Sutajiamu; or simply Ajisuta) for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan. The stadium was founded at Kantō Mura, the redevelopment area formerly used by United States Forces Japan, in March 2001.

It was the first stadium in Japan that sold its naming rights, which went to Ajinomoto Co., Inc. on a five-year, 1.2 billion yen (about 10 million U.S. dollars) contract from March 2003 to February 2008 to name it Ajinomoto Stadium. This contract has been renewed four times, the last one extended for five years from March 2024 to the end of February, 2029, for 1.05 billion yen.

Ajinomoto
Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (味の素株式会社, Ajinomoto kabushiki gaisha; Japanese pronunciation: [a.(d)ʑi.noꜜ.mo.to]) is a Japanese multinational food and biotechnology corporation which produces seasonings, cooking oils, frozen foods, beverages, sweeteners, amino acids, insulating films, and pharmaceuticals. Aji-No-Moto (味の素, "essence of taste") is the trade name for the company's original monosodium glutamate (MSG) product, the first of its kind, since 1909. The corporation's head office is located in Chūō, Tokyo. As of 2024, Ajinomoto operates in 31 countries worldwide and employs an estimated 34,862 people. Its yearly revenue in 2024 is around ¥1.53 trillion JPY or $10.61 billion USD.
Steady state (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, steady state refers to the maintenance of constant internal concentrations of molecules and ions in the cells and organs of living systems.  Living organisms remain at a dynamic steady state where their internal composition at both cellular and gross levels are relatively constant, but different from equilibrium concentrations. A continuous flux of mass and energy results in the constant synthesis and breakdown of molecules via chemical reactions of biochemical pathways. Essentially, steady state can be thought of as homeostasis at a cellular level.

Equilibrium chemistry
Equilibrium chemistry is concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium. The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the minimum possible, so that the slope of the free energy with respect to the reaction coordinate is zero. This principle, applied to mixtures at equilibrium provides a definition of an equilibrium constant. Applications include acid–base, host–guest, metal–complex, solubility, partition, chromatography and redox equilibria.
Lungpha
Lungpha is a village located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 15 kilometers from Ukhrul via National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. Lungpha is flanked by Ramva in the north, Tungou in the west, Litan in the south and Shangshak in the east. Locally, the inhabitants speak Lungpha tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Jessami
Jessami is a village in Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. Jessami is a border village in the extreme north of Manipur State and borders with Meluri, a border village of Nagaland State. Being nearer to Nagaland, the town used to get electricity from Nagaland until the government of Manipur installed a 33 KV Sub-Power station in 2011 to supply power from Manipur. The village came to national attention in 2015 when a fatal bus accident claimed the lives of 13 passengers.

The inhabitants of Jessami are Chakesang. As it is in the border of Manipur and Nagaland, various languages including Chakesang, Tangkhul, Manipuri and Nagamese are commonplace. About 85% of residents work in agriculture.
Leezen
Leezen (German pronunciation: [ˈleːtsn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 40 km northeast of Hamburg, and 9 km southwest of Bad Segeberg.

Leezen is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Leezen.

Bad Segeberg
Bad Segeberg (German: [baːt ˈzeːɡəbɛʁk] ⓘ; Low German: Sebarg) is a German town of 16,000 inhabitants, located in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, capital of the district (Kreis) Segeberg. It is situated approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) northeast of Hamburg, and 25 kilometers (16 mi) west of Lübeck.

It is famous for its Karl May Festival, held annually since 1952, which takes place in the town's Kalkberg Stadium, a large amphitheater originally built by the Reich Labour Service into an exploited quarry at the Segeberger Kalkberg.

There is a large television tower in the middle of the town.
United Left of Castile and León
United Left of Castile and León (Spanish: Izquierda Unida de Castilla y León; IUCyL) is the Castilian-Leonese federation of the Spanish left wing political and social movement United Left. José María González is the current General Coordinator. The major member of the coalition is the Communist Party of Castile–León (PCCL, Castilian-Leonese federation of the PCE).

Communist Party of Castile and León
The Communist Party of Castile–León (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Castilla León, Leonese: Partido Comunista de Castiella Llión) is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in Castile and León.

The party was officially registered on 13 November 1986, and its registered office is located in Madrid.

In the 1983 Castilian-Leonese regional election they won 3.23% of the vote.
Maurine Stuart
Maurine Stuart (3 March 1922 – 26 February 1990), a.k.a. Ma Roshi or Mother Roshi, was a Canadian Rinzai Zen rōshi who was one of the first female Zen masters to teach in the United States. She became president and spiritual director of the Cambridge Buddhist Association in 1979.

Stuart was granted her teaching title during an informal ceremony in 1982 held by her teacher Soen Nakagawa. Nakagawa, who had given Dharma transmission previously to five individuals (all male), granted Stuart the title in defiance of convention. While she had accepted the roshi title, she never declared to be a Dharma heir or lineage holder. The title was conferred upon her independent of her previous Zen practice and 1977 ordination as a Zen priest by Eido Tai Shimano.

Helen Tworkov
Helen Tworkov is founding editor of Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, the first and only independent Buddhist magazine, and author of Zen in America: Profiles of Five Teachers (North Point Press, 1989; Kodansha, 1994). She first encountered Buddhism in Asia in the 1960s and has studied in both the Zen and Tibetan traditions. Since 2006 she has been a student of the Kagyu and Nyingma Tibetan master Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche, and has most recently assisted him in the writing of In Love with the World: A Monk's Journey Through the Bardos of Living and Dying, ISBN 9780525512547.
Seedbed
A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted. Often, it comprises not only the soil but also a specially prepared cold frame, hotbed or raised bed used to grow the seedlings in a controlled environment into larger young plants before transplanting them into a garden or field. A seedling bed increases the number of seeds that germinate.

Rake (tool)
A rake (Old English raca, cognate with Dutch hark, German Rechen, from the root meaning 'to scrape together', 'heap up') is a broom for outside use; a versatile horticultural implement consisting of a toothed bar fixed transversely to a handle, or tines fixed to a handle, and used to collect leaves, hay, grass, and in gardening, for loosening the soil, light weeding and to make furrows, mounds and levelling, removing dead grass from lawns, and generally for purposes performed in agriculture by the harrow.  Depending on purpose, their materials and form will vary greatly.

Large mechanized versions of rakes are used in farming, called hay rakes, are built in many different forms (e.g. star-wheel rakes, rotary rakes). Non mechanized farming may be done with various forms of a hand rake. Rakes can be a mechanical component of a Threshing machine.