hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saharan languages
The Saharan languages are a small family of languages across parts of the eastern Sahara, extending from northwestern Sudan to southern Libya, north and central Chad, eastern Niger and northeastern Nigeria. Noted Saharan languages include Kanuri (9.5 million speakers, around Lake Chad in Chad, Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon), Daza (700,000 speakers, Chad), Teda (60,000 speakers, northern Chad), and Zaghawa (350,000 speakers, eastern Chad and Sudan). They have been classified as part of the hypothetical but controversial Nilo-Saharan family.

A comparative word list of the Saharan languages has been compiled by Václav Blažek (2007).

Zaghawa language
Zaghawa (Zaghawa: 𖺡𖺾𖻌𖻂𖺻) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Zaghawa people of east-central Chad (in the Sahel) and northwestern Sudan (Darfur). The people who speak this language call it Beria, from Beri, the endonym of the Zaghawa people, and a, Zaghawa for "mouth". It has been estimated that there are about 447,400 native speakers of the Zaghawa language, who primarily live in Chad and the Darfur region of Sudan. It is also spoken by a smaller number of people in Libya.
Medirigiriya Electoral District
Medirigiriya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Medirigiriya in Polonnaruwa District, North Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Medirigiriya electoral district was replaced by the multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Polonnaruwa Electoral District
Polonnaruwa electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Polonnaruwa in the North Central province. The district currently elects 5 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 280,337 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 18.
House-Museum of Lope de Vega
The House-Museum of Lope de Vega (Spanish: Casa-Museo de Lope de Vega) is a writer's house museum in the former home of the "golden age" writer Lope de Vega, located in Madrid, Spain.

The sixteenth-century house was bought by the writer in 1610.  In 1930 it was purchased by Real Academia Española, the institution responsible for the regulation of the Spanish language. Under the guidance of Agustín González de Amezúa y Mayo the Academy restored the house and opened it as a museum in 1935, the same year the building was declared a national monument. The building is currently protected as a Bien de Interés Cultural.
The Academía owns three of Lope de Vega's manuscripts on display at the museum.

Royal Spanish Academy
The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, pronounced [reˈal akaˈðemja espaˈɲola]; RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.

The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works.
Maria Dolgorukova
Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova (Russian: Мария Владимировна Долгорукова; 1608 – 17 January [O.S. 6 January] 1625) was the tsaritsa of all Russia as the first wife of Michael of Russia. She was the first tsaritsa of the Romanov dynasty.

Shuysky
The House of Shuysky (Shuisky; Russian: Шуйские, romanized: Shuyskiye) was a Russian family of boyars and tsars, a cadet branch of the Rurikids.

The surname is derived from the town of Shuya, of which the Shuiskys gained ownership in 1403. From 1606 to 1610, Vasili Shuisky ruled as tsar over Russia during the Time of Troubles.
Household Cavalry Composite Regiment
The Household Cavalry Composite Regiment was a temporary, wartime-only, cavalry regiment of the British Army consisting of personnel drawn from the 1st Life Guards, 2nd Life Guards and Royal Horse Guards. It was active in 1882 for service in  the Anglo-Egyptian War, in 1889–1900 during the Second Boer War, from August to November, 1914 during the opening months of World War I and in World War II.

1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)
The 1st Cavalry Division was a regular Division of the British Army during the First World War where it fought on the Western Front. During the Second World War it was a first line formation, formed from Yeomanry Regiments. It fought in the Middle East before being converted to the 10th Armoured Division.
Fiat BGA
The Fiat BGA (Bombardiere di Grande Autonomia) was an aircraft designed by Aldo Guglielmetti of the Italian Air Force.

It was built at Pisa by the Fiat subsidiary Costruzioni Meccaniche Aeronautiche SA (CMASA), hence it was also called the CMASA BGA. It was not ordered into production, and only one was built.

Fiat A.80
The Fiat A.80 was an 18-cylinder, twin-row, air-cooled, radial aircraft engine produced during World War II. Rated at 750 kW (1,000 hp), it was a more powerful development of the 14-cylinder Fiat A.74.
3rd Assault Brigade
The 3rd Separate Assault Brigade (Ukrainian: 3-тя окрема штурмова бригада, romanized: 3-tia okrema shturmova bryhada) is a brigade of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 2023.

The brigade was established by a merger of the Azov SSO (Special Operations Forces) units that had been created by former Azov Battalion veterans and local volunteers in Kyiv, Sumy and Kharkiv in reaction the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The brigade was commanded by Andriy Biletsky, founder and former commander of the Azov Battalion and former People's Deputy of Ukraine.

The 3rd Brigade gained broader public attention through the Mstyslav Chernov documentary 2000 Meters to Andriivka, which follows its operations during the fighting near Andriivka during the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.

20th Guards Combined Arms Army
The 20th Guards Combined Arms Army (originally designated as the 4th Tank Army, 4th Guards Tank Army in 1945, 4th Guards Mechanised Army in 1946, and the 20th Guards Army in 1960 within the Soviet Ground Forces) is a field army. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the army became part of the Russian Ground Forces. MUN  в/ч 89425.
Gainesville, Texas
Gainesville is a city in and the county seat of Cooke County, Texas, United States. Its population was 17,394 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Texoma region and is an important Agri-business center.

North Texas
North Texas is a term used primarily by residents of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex to refer to a geographic area of Texas, generally considered to include the area south of Oklahoma, east of Abilene, west of Paris, and north of Waco. Definitions of the region typically do not include the sparsely populated Panhandle of Texas, which is the northernmost region of Texas bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east.

North Texas is centered upon the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the largest metropolitan area in Texas and the Southern United States. People in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas sometimes use the terms Metroplex, DFW, and North Texas interchangeably. However, North Texas refers to a much larger area that includes many northern rural counties along the Red River of the South border.
Google matrix
A Google matrix is a particular stochastic matrix that is used by Google's PageRank algorithm. The matrix represents a graph with edges representing links between pages. The PageRank of each page can then be generated iteratively from the Google matrix using the power method. However, in order for the power method to converge, the matrix must be stochastic, irreducible and aperiodic.

Transfer operator
In mathematics, the transfer operator encodes information about an iterated map and is frequently used to study the behavior of dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, quantum chaos and fractals. In all usual cases, the largest eigenvalue is 1, and the corresponding eigenvector is the invariant measure of the system.

The transfer operator is sometimes called the Ruelle operator, after David Ruelle, or the Perron–Frobenius operator or Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius operator, in reference to the applicability of the Perron–Frobenius theorem to the determination of the eigenvalues of the operator.
Radio23
Radio23 was a non-commercial, freeform radio station founded by Programming Director Jeff Hylton Simmons and launched in 2009. It was shut down in July 2015. The successor called Freeform Portland went on air in April 2016. Based out of Portland, Oregon, where it supported the local artists and community, the station's goal was to provide an international artistic platform for home broadcasters around the world, and to teach anyone around the world how to create radio with a computer and an internet connection.  Radio23 is connected with radio stations that include Cascade Community Radio, Hearth Music, WFMU, KDVS, CKUT-FM, KZME, KBOO, Error FM, and Willamette Radio, and also with the magazine War, Semen and Grooviness.

KDVS
KDVS (90.3 FM) is a student-run college and community radio station based in Davis, California. Featuring a free-form radio format, the station is owned by Regents of the University of California. Broadcasting at 13,000 watts, it is one of the most powerful free-form university-based radio stations in the United States.
1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission
The 1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission preliminary list was released by the United States Department of Defense in 1993 as part of the Base Realignment and Closure Commission. It recommended closing 33 major United States military bases.

Naval Air Station Alameda
Naval Air Station Alameda (NAS Alameda) was a United States Navy Naval Air Station mostly in Alameda, California, with a slight portion of it within San Francisco proper, on San Francisco Bay.

NAS Alameda had two runways: 13–31 measuring 8,000 ft × 200 ft (2,438 m × 61 m) and 07-25 measuring 7,200 ft × 200 ft (2,195 m × 61 m). Two helicopter pads and a control tower were also part of the facilities.
McKinley Washington Jr. Bridge
The McKinley Washington Jr. Bridge, or the Dawhoo River Bridge, connects Edisto Island on the coast of South Carolina to the mainland. It carries South Carolina Highway 174. The bridge is named for McKinley Washington Jr., who served in the South Carolina General Assembly, representing the area and leading the effort to appropriate funds to replace the bridge.

South Carolina Highway 174
South Carolina Highway 174 (SC 174) is a 25.730-mile (41.408 km) state highway, connecting Edisto Beach with the western part of the Charleston area, in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway was designated a South Carolina scenic byway in 1988. In 2009, the U.S. Department of Transportation declared that a 17-mile (27 km) stretch of SC 174 on Edisto Island would be designated as a National Scenic Byway. According to the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT), the southern terminus is at the southern terminus of Yacht Club Road, where Palmetto Boulevard changes name to Dock Site Road. However, the signed southern terminus is at an intersection with Dock Site Road and the western terminus of Buoy Road, approximately 1,112 feet (339 m) to the northeast.
California Country Park
California Country Park is a 100-acre (40 ha) country park covering Long Moor at California, Berkshire, England. It consists of lowland heath and bogland, including Longmoor Bog, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Local Nature Reserve. The park is managed by Wokingham Borough Council and is open every day throughout the year.

Wokingham Borough Council
Wokingham Borough Council is the local authority of the Borough of Wokingham in Berkshire, England. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. It is based at the Civic Offices on Shute End in the town of Wokingham.

The council was under no overall control from 2022 to 2025. Following the 2024 election, a minority Liberal Democrat administration formed to run the council. On 5 June 2025, the Liberal Democrats gained their 28th member in a by-election and took control of the Council.
Malagana
Malagana, also known as the Malagana Treasure is an archaeological site of Colombia named after a sugarcane estate where it was accidentally discovered in 1992. During the few days after its discovery, the place was subject to a large scale looting with a rough estimate of 4 tons of pre-Columbian artifacts illegally removed from the burial mounds.  A rescue archaeological mission was sent by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (ICANH), led by archaeologist Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff. Archaeological excavations at the site established a previously unknown cultural complex, designated as Malagana-Sonsoid, that dates between 300 BC to 300 AD.

Cauca River
The Cauca River (Spanish: Río Cauca) is a river in Colombia that lies between the Occidental and Central cordilleras. From its headwaters in southwestern Colombia near the city of Popayán, it joins the Magdalena River near Magangué in Bolívar Department, and the combined river eventually flows out into the Caribbean Sea. It has a length of 965 km (600 mi) to its junction with the Magdalena, for a total length of 1,350 km (840 mi). The river is under the supervision of the Cauca Regional Corporation and the Cauca Valley Regional Autonomous Corporation, and is navigable for 640 km (400 mi) above its junction with the Magdalena.

Cauca River
Subodh Kumar Jaiswal
Subodh Kumar Jaiswal (born 22 September 1962) is an Indian police officer who served as the director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). He is a 1985 batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer and former Director General of Police, Maharashtra. He was previously the police commissioner of Mumbai, the largest city in India and the seventh most populous city in the world. Jaiswal was with the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency for nine years, during which he served as the additional secretary of R&AW for three years. Jaiswal has also served in Intelligence Bureau and Maharashtra ATS Chief. He was the head of the Central Industrial Security Force. Jaiswal's career began in 1985 as a trainee officer in Aurangabad, where he was subsequently assigned the full posting as the Assistant Commissioner of Police.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Mount Wuling
Mount Wuling (Chinese: 雾灵山; pinyin: Wùlíng Shān) is a mountain located at the border of Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei Province and Miyun District, Beijing. It is the main peak of Yan Mountains, with a height of 2118 m above sea level.

The mount raised during the Yanshanian movement period; Yanshanian syenites are usually found in the main part of it. The soil developed from granite residual soil. Its average temperature is 7.9 °C.

Miyun, Beijing
Miyun District (simplified Chinese: 密云区; traditional Chinese: 密雲區; pinyin: Mìyún Qū) is situated in northeast Beijing. It has an area of 2,227 km2 (860 sq mi) and a population of 527,683 (2020 Census). Its government seat is located in Gulou Subdistrict.
Jubilee Rock
50°32′14″N 4°40′27″W﻿ / ﻿50.5373°N 4.6741°W﻿ / 50.5373; -4.6741

Jubilee Rock  is a Grade II listed large rock on Pendrift Downs in the parish of Blisland, Cornwall, England. On the north side is carved the Falmouth and Morshead coat of arms and the Molesworth coat of arms on the south side. It was originally decorated in 1810 by Lieut. John Rogers to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the accession of King George III and was restored in 1859 and 1887. Two more inscriptions have been added: these commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria (1887) and the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II (2002).

It is considered to be the oldest stone on Bodmin Moor. It is 10 feet high and 25 feet across and stands at 213 metres above sea 
level.

One author has implied that Jubilee Rock was previously a Logan stone, although the quoted source indicates that the dimensions are significantly different casting doubt on the assertion.

Bodmin Moor
Bodmin Moor (Cornish Standard Written Form: Goon Brenn) is a granite moorland in north-eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 208 square kilometres (80 sq mi) in size, and the granite dates from the Permian period of geological history. It includes Brown Willy, the highest point in Cornwall, and Rough Tor, a slightly lower peak. Many of Cornwall's rivers have their sources here. It has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic era, when early farmers started clearing trees and farming the land. They left their megalithic monuments, hut circles and cairns, and the Bronze Age culture that followed left further cairns, and more stone circles and stone rows. By medieval and modern times, nearly all the forest was gone and livestock rearing predominated.

The name Bodmin Moor is relatively recent. An early mention is in the Royal Cornwall Gazette of 28 November 1812. The upland area was formerly known as Fowey Moor after the River Fowey, which rises within it.
Koronga
Koronga is a village and commune in the Cercle of Nara in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. The village is 40 km northwest of Nara, the administrative centre of the cercle, and 20 km south of the Mauritanian border. The commune contains 17 villages and in the 2009 census had a population of 7,931.

The commune has a Sahelian climate with an annual rainfall of around 400 mm.

Nara, Mali
Nara (Bambara: ߣߊߙߊ tr. Nara) is a town and rural commune in the Koulikoro Region of southwestern Mali. The town is the administrative center of the  Nara Cercle. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi), south of the international border with Mauritania and approximately 374 kilometres (232 mi), by road, northeast of the Malian capital, Bamako.

The rural commune covers an area of 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi) and includes the town and 16 surrounding villages. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 19,793.
Terengganu F.C. II
Terengganu Football Club II (Malay: Kelab Bola Sepak Terengganu II) is a professional football club based in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The club currently plays in the under-23 Malaysia MFL Cup.

The club was founded as T-Team on 14 July 2006, changed its name to Terengganu II in 2017 and became the reserve team of Terengganu Football Club. The club is widely known as The Turtles.

2018 Malaysia Challenge Cup
The 2018 Malaysia Challenge Cup or Challenge Cup (Malay: Piala Cabaran Malaysia 2018) is the first edition of Malaysia Challenge Cup tournament organised by Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) and Football Malaysia LLP (FMLLP).

The 2018 Malaysia Challenge Cup will start with a preliminary round. A total of 8 teams took part in the competition. The teams were divided into two groups, each containing four teams. The group leaders and runners-up teams in the groups after six matches qualified to the semi-finals.
AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel
The AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel is an X-band electronically steered pulse-Doppler 3D radar system used to alert and cue Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their front line forces. It is currently produced by Raytheon Missiles & Defense.

First built in 1995 as a modification of AN/TPQ-36A for search and track role in the Norwegian NASAMS air defense system, the Sentinel radar is deployed with forward area air defense units of the U.S. Army. Mounted on a towed platform, it can be positioned remotely from the rest of the unit.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/MPQ-64" designation represents the 64th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for ground mobile radar combination equipment. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Joint Electronics Type Designation System
The Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), which was previously known as the Joint Army-Navy Nomenclature System (AN System. JAN) and the Joint Communications-Electronics Nomenclature System, is a method developed by the U.S. War Department during World War II for assigning an unclassified designator to electronic equipment. In 1957, the JETDS was formalized in MIL-STD-196.

Computer software and commercial unmodified electronics for which the manufacturer maintains design control are not covered.
Krasimir Bezinski
Krasimir Smilenov Bezinski (Bulgarian: Красимир Смиленов Безински; 29 June 1961 – 22 April 2019) was a Bulgarian footballer and football coach.

Bezinski's professional playing career as a defender spanned nearly 20 years, during which he played for five clubs: Pirin Blagoevgrad, CSKA Sofia, Portimonense, Maccabi Ironi Ashdod and Hapoel Petah Tikva. He also made 21 appearances for the Bulgaria national team.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.