hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Our West Lancashire
Our West Lancashire (OWL) is a localist political party in West Lancashire, United Kingdom. As of May 2024 it held 5 seats on West Lancashire Borough Council. As of May 2025, the party also holds 2 seats in West Lancashire on Lancashire County Council. The group has drawn members from all of the major parties in West Lancashire. Former Labour councillor, Neil Furey joined the group in May 2025.  It claims to "put residents before the party whip".

Ormskirk
Ormskirk is a market town in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. Ormskirk is a market town in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. It is located 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Liverpool, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of St Helens, 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Southport and 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Preston. Ormskirk is known for its gingerbread. In 2011 it had a population of 24,073.

Ormskirk is home to Edge Hill University.
St. Paul's Episcopal Church of East Cleveland
St. Paul's Episcopal Church of East Cleveland is a current and historic church in East Cleveland, Ohio.  It was built in 1846, and it was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1984 under the 'churches' category. It is credited to the firm of Coburn, Barnum, & Benes.  The current occupants are a congregational church, the "Empowerment Church".

East Cleveland, Ohio
East Cleveland is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,792 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 13,402 in 2024. It is a suburb lying east and south of Cleveland and west of Cleveland Heights.
Lemona, Cyprus
Lemona (Greek: Λεμώνα) is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located about 25 km northeast of the town of Paphos and 7 km west of Agios Fotios.

It may have taken its name at old times from many stagnant waters (Greek: λιμιώνας) that existed in the area or from many lemon trees in the area (Greek: λεμονιές). The main occupation of the former inhabitants was agriculture. The village school closed in 1987. Lemona has an altitude of 308 metres (1,010 ft). Lemona Village is close to Choulou, Kourdaka and Letymvou villages.

Built at an elevation of 300 and watered by the river Ezousa, the Lemona village of about 50 inhabitants constitutes an impasse, as the road from there does not lead to another village. In addition the settlement is a hunting site during the hunting season.

Statos–Agios Fotios
Statos–Agios Fotios (Greek: Στατός-Άγιος Φώτιος) is a community consisting of two villages, Statos and Agios Fotios, in the Paphos District of Cyprus. The two are located about 4 km south-south-west of Pano Panagia. As of 2011, their combined population was 243.
Palibacus
Palibacus praecursor is a fossil species of slipper lobster, the only species in the genus Palibacus. It was found in Cenomanian (Cretaceous) deposits at Hakel, Lebanon and described in 1886 by the German palaeontologist W. Dames. Its similarity to modern slipper lobsters demonstrates that the main features of that group had already evolved by the mid-Cretaceous.

Slipper lobster
Slipper lobsters are a family (Scyllaridae) of about 90 species of achelate crustaceans, in the Decapoda clade Reptantia, found in all warm oceans and seas. They are not true lobsters, but are more closely related to spiny lobsters and furry lobsters. Slipper lobsters are instantly recognisable by their enlarged antennae, which project forward from the head as wide plates. All the species of slipper lobsters are edible, and some, such as the Moreton Bay bug and the Balmain bug (Ibacus peronii) are of commercial importance.
Fjellimellom Valley
Fjellimellom Valley is an ice-filled valley between Jutulsessen Mountain and Nupskammen Ridge in the Gjelsvik Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52), and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Fjellimellom (between the mountains).

Nupskammen Ridge
Nupskammen Ridge (72°9′S 2°19′E﻿ / ﻿72.150°S 2.317°E﻿ / -72.150; 2.317) is a ridge of jagged peaks 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, standing north of Von Essen Mountain in the Gjelsvik Mountains, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Nupskammen (the peak crest).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Nupskammen Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Fusion rules
In mathematics and theoretical physics, fusion rules are rules that determine the exact decomposition of the tensor product of two representations of a group into a direct sum of irreducible representations. The term is often used in the context of two-dimensional conformal field theory where the relevant group is generated by the Virasoro algebra, the relevant representations are the conformal families associated with a primary field and the tensor product is realized by operator product expansions. The fusion rules contain the information about the kind of families that appear on the right-hand side of these OPEs, including the multiplicities.

More generally, integrable models in 2 dimensions which aren't conformal field theories are also described by fusion rules for their charges.

Primary field
In theoretical physics, a primary field, also called a primary operator, or simply a primary, is a local operator in a conformal field theory which is annihilated by the part of the conformal algebra consisting of the lowering generators. From the representation theory point of view, a primary is the lowest dimension operator in a given representation of the conformal algebra. All other operators in a representation are called descendants; they can be obtained by acting on the primary with the raising generators.
Sanqiao, Jingzhou County
Sanqiao Township (Chinese: 三锹乡) is a rural township in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 5,000 and an area of 174.23 square kilometres (67.27 sq mi). The township shares a border with Jinping County and Liping County to the west, Quyang Town to the east, Aoshang Town to the  southeast, Dabaozi Town to the north, and  Outuan Township to the south. Among them, the Miao and Dong people account for 99% of the total population.

Dabaozi, Hunan
Dabaozi (Chinese: 大堡子镇) is a rural town in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 21,000 and an area of 176.44 square kilometres (68.12 sq mi). The town shares a border with Sanjiang Town of Jinping County to the west, Aoshang Town to the east, Zhulin Township of Tianzhu County to the north, and Sanqiao Township to the south.
NGC 24
NGC 24 is a spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Sculptor, about 23.8 megalight-years distant from the Milky Way. It was discovered by British astronomer William Herschel in 1785, and measures some 40,000 light-years across. The general shape of this galaxy is specified by its morphological classification of SA(s)c, which indicates it is an unbarred spiral with no ring-like structure and moderate to loosely-wound spiral arms. This galaxy is positioned in the vicinity of the Sculptor Group, but is actually a background object that is about two times as distant. It may form a pair with another background galaxy, NGC 45.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
Elections in Jersey
Elections in Jersey take place for the States Assembly and at parish-level. Various parties have been formed over the years in Jersey, but few candidates stand for election affiliated to any political party. All elections in Jersey use the first-past-the-post voting system. In 2008, the voting age was reduced to 16 years.

2011 Jersey general election
General elections were held in Jersey on 19 October 2011 to elect 45 members of the States Assembly. This was the first time Senators, Deputies and Constables were elected on a single day in Jersey. The number of members of the States of Jersey was reduced from 53 to 51. Six Senators who had been elected in 2008 for a period of six years did not face election in 2011.
Matrix ring
In abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication. The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n).  Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings.  A subring of a matrix ring is again a matrix ring.  Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs.

When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.  In this setting, if M is a matrix and r is in R, then the matrix rM is the matrix M with each of its entries multiplied by r.

Morita equivalence
In abstract algebra, Morita equivalence is a relationship defined between rings that preserves many ring-theoretic properties. More precisely, two rings R, S are Morita equivalent (denoted by ) if their categories of modules are additively equivalent (denoted by ). It is named after Japanese mathematician Kiiti Morita who defined equivalence and a similar notion of duality in 1958.
State Highway 98 (New Zealand)
State Highway 98 (SH 98) is a New Zealand State Highway connecting the settlements of Lorneville (on State Highway 6 just north of Invercargill) and Dacre (on State Highway 1) in the Southland region. Also known as Lorne Dacre Road, the highway was gazetted in 1997 and provides an indirect northern bypass of the city of Invercargill. The road is very flat and passes through primarily prime agricultural land. One locality, Rakahouka, lies halfway along the route.

Beyond Lorneville, SH 98 is renumbered as State Highway 99 and becomes part of the Southern Scenic Route as it continues towards Wallacetown and Riverton.

Southern Scenic Route
The Southern Scenic Route is a tourist highway in New Zealand linking Queenstown, Fiordland, Te Anau and the iconic Milford Road to Dunedin via Riverton, Invercargill and The Catlins. An Australian travel magazine  labelled it "one of the world's great undiscovered drives" in 2008.
Cham Bolbol
Cham Bolbol (Persian: چم بلبل, also Romanized as Chambolbol) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 203, in 41 families.

Babuyi Rural District
Babuyi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بابوئي) is in Bustan District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Bustan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Basht.
North Clifton
North Clifton is a village and civil parish about 12 miles north of Newark-on-Trent, in the Newark and Sherwood district, within the county of Nottinghamshire, England. In 2011, the parish had a population of 216, and this dropped to 176 at the 2021 census. The parish touches Thorney, Fledborough, Newton on Trent, South Clifton and Ragnall.

Fledborough
Fledborough is a hamlet in Nottinghamshire, England. Although now redundant, the Anglican parish church of St Gregory's, earned the hamlet the nickname of "the Gretna Green of the Midlands" in the 18th century, due to the ease in which couples could obtain a marriage licence from the Reverend W. Sweetapple.

The Bassett family effectively owned Fledborough from the fourteenth century to the seventeenth.

In the UK census of 2021, the population was reported at 38 residents.
Elementary schools in the United States
In the United States, elementary schools are the main point of delivery for primary education, teaching children between the ages of 5–10 (sometimes 4-10 or 4-12) and coming between pre-kindergarten and secondary education.

In 2017, there were 106,147 elementary schools (73,686 public, 32,461 private) in the United States, a figure which includes all schools that teach students from first grade through eighth grade.  According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in the fall of 2020 almost 32.8 million students attended public primary schools. It is usually from pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, although the NCES displays this data as pre-kindergarten through eighth grade.

Fifth grade
Fifth grade (also 5th Grade or Grade 5) is the fifth or sixth year of formal or compulsory education. In the United States, this is mostly the last grade of primary school, but for some states, it could be the first year of middle school. Primary school generally goes from Kindergarten and ends in fifth or sixth grade. Students in fifth grade are usually 10–11 years old. In different countries, they have different names for fifth grade. The list of different versions is below, depending on the country.
Glossary of artificial intelligence
This glossary of artificial intelligence is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to the study of artificial intelligence (AI), its subdisciplines, and related fields. Related glossaries include Glossary of computer science, Glossary of robotics, Glossary of machine vision, and Glossary of logic.

Glossary of computer science
This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including terms relevant to software, data science, and computer programming.
Trần Quang Trân
Trần Quang Trân, also Tran Quang Tran, (1900–1969) was a lacquer artist and a Vietnamese painter.

He is one of the first students (third promotion 1932) who graduated from the Indochina College of Fine Arts, now Vietnam University of Fine Arts. He is thus one of the founders of Vietnamese artistic tradition.

Nguyễn Gia Trí
Nguyễn Gia Trí (Chương Mỹ, Hà Tây 1908 - 1993) was a Vietnamese painter best known for his lacquer paintings.
He also drew cartoons on political and social issues, many of them criticising French colonial rule.

Tri studied at the Hanoi College of Fine Arts (École des Beaux-Arts de l’Indochine) from 1932.
He worked for the magazines Phong Hóa and Ngày Nay starting from 1932 together with Nhất Linh and other famous writers and painters. He created the cartoon characters Xã Xệ and Bang Bạnh for the magazines and made changes to the character Lý Toét developed by Nhất Linh.
Usterzai
Usterzai is an administrative unit (known as union council) of Kohat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Kohat District has 2 tehsils, Kohat and Lachi. Each Tehsil comprises a certain number of union councils.  There are 32 union councils in district Kohat.

In 2009, a suicide car bombing killed over 30 people in Usterzai.

Kohat
Kohat (Urdu and Hindko: کوہاٹ; Pashto: کوهاټ) is a city in Pakistan that serves as the capital of the Kohat District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. With a population of over 220,000 people, the city is the fourth most populous in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the 35th most populous in Pakistan. Kohat's immediate environs were the site of frequent armed skirmishes between British colonial forces and local tribesmen in the mid to late 19th century. The city is centred on a British-era fort, various bazaars, and a military cantonment. Pashto and the Kohati dialect of Hindko are the main languages spoken in Kohat.

The city of Kohat is also the namesake of and largest city in the Kohat Division, being over four times larger than the second-largest city in the division: Karak.
Genêts
Genêts (French pronunciation: [ʒənɛ]) is a commune in the department of Manche, in northwestern France. It was the port of the oppidum Ingena (now Avranches), the main settlement of the Abrincatui.

The Manoir de Brion, an ancient Benedictine priory of the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel is located nearby.  The tidal island of Tombelaine, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) offshore, is in the commune.

Avranches
Avranches (French pronunciation: [avʁɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ; Norman: Avraunches) is a commune in the Manche department, and the region of Normandy, northwestern France. It is a subprefecture of the department. The inhabitants are called Avranchinais.
Phaidon Design Classics
Phaidon Design Classics is a British three volume set of reference books on industrial design since the 17th century.

It lists 999 objects that the editorial team chose as design classics.

Alan Fletcher was the art director for the project, and the books were designed by Adam Hooper of Hoop Design.

Design classic
A design classic is an industrially manufactured object with timeless aesthetic value. It serves as a standard of its kind and remains up to date regardless of the year of its design.
Whether a particular object is a design classic might often be debatable  and the term is sometimes abused 
but there exists a body of acknowledged classics of product designs from the 19th and 20th century.

 
For an object to become a design classic requires time, and whatever lasting impact the design has had on society, together with its influence on later designs, play large roles in determining whether something becomes a design classic. Thus, design classics are often strikingly simple, going to the essence, and are described with words like iconic, neat, valuable or having meaning.
Modrzewek, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Modrzewek (Polish pronunciation: [mɔdˈʐɛvɛk]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelechlinek, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Żelechlinek, 23 km (14 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 37 km (23 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Żelechlinek
Żelechlinek [ʐɛlɛˈxlinɛk] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żelechlinek. It lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 40 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
Anapus (Acarnania)
The Anapus or Anapos (Ancient Greek: Ἄναπος) was a river in ancient Acarnania. It was a tributary of the Achelous River, which it joined eighty stadia south of Stratus.

The name was also applied to a river in Sicily (the modern Anapo).

Achelous River
The Achelous (Greek: Αχελώος, Ancient Greek: Ἀχελῷος Akhelôios), also Acheloos, is a river in Epirus, western Greece. It is 220 km (137 mi) long. It formed the boundary between Acarnania and Aetolia of antiquity. It empties into the Ionian Sea. In ancient times its spirit was venerated as the river god Achelous.

Herodotus, taking notice of the shoreline-transforming power of the Acheloos River, even compared it to the Nile in this respect:

'There are other rivers as well which, though not as large as the Nile, have had substantial results. In particular (although I could name others), there is the Achelous, which flows through Acarnania into the sea and has already turned half the Echinades islands into mainland.' (2.10, trans. Waterfield)

It is said to have been called more anciently Thoas, Axenus and Thestius.
Sagly-Bazhy culture
52°04′18″N 93°37′55″E﻿ / ﻿52.071606°N 93.631836°E﻿ / 52.071606; 93.631836

The Sagly-Bazhy  culture or Sagly/Uyuk culture, also known as Chandman culture in Mongolia (Ulaangom cemetery), refers to the Saka culture of the Sayan Mountains, in modern-day Tuva Republic. It is the last stage of the Uyuk culture.

This period of Scythian culture covers a period from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century BCE, and follows the Arzhan culture (8th century BCE), and the Aldy-Bel culture (7th-6th century BCE) in the same location. These Scythian cultures would ultimately be replaced by the Xiongnu Empire and the Kokel Culture.

Nearby Saka cultures were the Tagar Culture of the Minusinsk Basin, as well as the Pazyryk Culture (ca. 500–200 BCE) in the Altai Mountains and the Saka culture (ca. 900–200 BCE), to which the Sagly-Bazy culture was strongly related. To the east was the Slab-grave culture.

The Sagly-Bazhy culture stopped to exist in the 2nd century BCE as a result of Xiongnu invasions.

Pazyryk culture
The Pazyryk culture (Russian: Пазырыкская культура Pazyrykskaya kul'tura) is a Saka (Central Asian Scythian) nomadic Iron Age archaeological culture (6th to 3rd centuries BC) identified by excavated artifacts and mummified humans found in the Siberian permafrost, in the Altay Mountains, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The mummies are buried in long barrows (or kurgans) similar to the tomb mounds of Scythian culture in Ukraine. The type site are the Pazyryk burials of the Ukok Plateau.
Many artifacts and human remains have been found at this location, including the Siberian Ice Princess, indicating a flourishing culture at this location that benefited from the many trade routes and caravans of merchants passing through the area. The Pazyryk are considered to have had a war-like life. The Pazyryk culture was preceded by the "Arzhan culture" (Initial Scythian period, 8th - 7th century BC).
Borocera attenuata
Borocera attenuata is a species of Lasiocampidae moth native to Madagascar. It was first described by George Hamilton Kenrick in 1914.

The males have a wingspan of 46 mm. Their head, palpi and the underside of the thorax are dull orange; antennaes, legs, thorax above and abdomen have a dark chestnut colour. The forewings are dark brown and the hindwings smoky brown.

Lasiocampidae
The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occur worldwide, and probably not all have been named or studied. It is the sole family in superfamily Lasiocampoidea.
Armenian Diving Federation
The Armenian Diving Federation (Armenian: Հայաստանի ջրացատկի ֆեդերացիա), is the regulating body of diving in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Armenian Olympic Committee
The Armenian Olympic Committee (ARMNOC; Armenian: Հայաստանի ազգային օլիմպիական կոմիտե, romanized: Hayastani Olimpiakan Komite; IOC Code: ARM) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for Armenia's participation in the Olympic Games. It is headquartered in Yerevan.
John Magee (congressman)
John Magee (September 3, 1794 – April 5, 1868) was an American veteran of the War of 1812 who served two terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from 1827 to 1831.

Watkins Glen, New York
Watkins Glen is a village and census-designated place in and the county seat of Schuyler County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,829. Watkins Glen lies between the towns of Dix and Reading. To the southwest of the village is the Watkins Glen International race track, which hosts annual NASCAR Cup Series and WeatherTech SportsCar Championship races, and formerly hosted the Formula One United States Grand Prix and various IndyCar races.
Political sociology
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how power is distributed and changes throughout and amongst societies, political sociology's focus ranges across individual families to the state as sites of social and political conflict and power contestation.

Gaetano Mosca
Gaetano Mosca COSML COCI SoK (Italian: [ɡaeˈtaːno ˈmoska]; 1 April 1858 – 8 November 1941) was an Italian political scientist, journalist and public servant. He is credited with developing the elite theory and the doctrine of the political class and is one of the three members constituting the Italian school of elitism together with Vilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels.