hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Matthews
Colin Matthews, OBE (born 13 February 1946) is an English composer of contemporary classical music. Noted for his large-scale orchestral compositions, Matthews is also a prolific arranger of other composer's music, including works by Berlioz, Britten, Dowland, Mahler, Purcell and Schubert. Other arrangements include orchestrations of all Debussy's 24 Préludes, both books of Debussy's Images, and two movements—Oiseaux tristes and La vallée des cloches—from Ravel's Miroirs. Having received a doctorate from University of Sussex on the works of Mahler, from 1964–1975 Matthews worked with his brother David Matthews and musicologist Deryck Cooke on completing a performance version of Mahler's Tenth Symphony.

John Dowland
John Dowland (c. 1563 – buried 20 February 1626) was an English Renaissance composer, lutenist, and singer. He is best known today for his melancholy songs such as "Come, heavy sleep", "Come again", "Flow my tears", "I saw my Lady weepe", "Now o now I needs must part", and "In darkness let me dwell". His instrumental music has undergone a major revival, and with the 20th century's early music revival, has been a continuing source of repertoire for lutenists and classical guitarists.
Nikolai Nikolev
Nikolay Petrovich Nikolev (Russian: Николай Петрович Николев; 21 November 1758 – 5 February 1815), was a Russian poet and playwright.

He was brought up and educated in the family of Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, his distant relation. As President of the Russian Academy, Dashkova secured his admission into the academy and helped popularize his tragedies and folk songs among the Russian elite. The poet went blind at the age of 20, after which his popularity soared and he came to be sentimentally styled a Russian Milton. Emperor Paul also treated Nikolev kindly and referred to him as "L'aveugle clairvoyant". Five volumes of his works were published during Paul's reign. Nikolev had a theatre of serf actors at his estate near Moscow, where he staged his own plays.

Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova
Princess Yekaterina Romanovna Dashkova (born Countess Vorontsova; Russian: Екатери́на Рома́новна Да́шкова [Воронцо́ва]; 28 March 1743 – 15 January 1810) was a Russian noblewoman. She was a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment and a close friend of Empress Catherine the Great. She was part of the coup d'état that placed Catherine on the throne.

Vorontsova-Dashkova was the first woman in the world to head a national academy of sciences, the first woman in Europe to hold a government office, and the president of the Russian Academy, which she helped found. She also published prolifically, with original and translated works on many subjects, and was invited by Benjamin Franklin to become the first female member of the American Philosophical Society.
Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)
The United States Navy's Officer Candidate School (abbreviated OCS) provides initial training for officers of the line and select operational staff corps communities (supply and CEC) in the United States Navy. Along with United States Naval Academy (USNA) and Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC), OCS is one of three principal sources of newly commissioned naval officers.

Uniformed services pay grades of the United States
Pay grades are used by the eight structurally organized uniformed services of the United States (Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps), as well as the Maritime Service, to determine wages and benefits based on the corresponding military rank of a member of the services. While different ranks may be used among the eight uniformed services, pay grades are uniform and equivalent between the services and can be used to quickly determine seniority among a group of members from different services. They are also essential when determining a member's entitlements such as basic pay and allowances.
Insult
An insult is an expression, statement, or behavior that is often deliberately disrespectful, offensive, scornful, or derogatory towards an individual or a group. 
Insults can be intentional or unintentional, and they often aim to belittle, offend, or humiliate the target. While insults may sometimes include factual information, such information is typically presented in a pejorative manner, intended to provoke a negative emotional response or to socially undermine or discredit the target. Insults can also be made unintentionally or in a playful way, but these can, in some cases, also have unintended negative impacts and effects.

Insults can have varying impacts, effects, and meanings depending on intent, use, recipient's understanding of the meaning, intent behind the action or words, and social setting and social norms, including cultural references and meanings.

Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".
2014 United Bowl
The 2014 United Bowl was the sixth title game of the Indoor Football League (IFL). It was played on June 28, 2014, at the Sioux Falls Arena in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Both teams participated in the previous year's game. The top seed in the United Conference, the Sioux Falls Storm, defeated the second seed in the Intense Conference, the Nebraska Danger 63–46.

Sioux Falls Arena
Sioux Falls Arena is a 7,500-seat multi-purpose arena located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The facility was built in 1961. It seats 6,113 for basketball games and 4,760 for indoor football and hockey.

It was the home of the Sioux Falls Skyforce basketball team (1989–2013), the Sioux Falls Storm indoor football team, and the Sioux Falls Stampede ice hockey team, as well as a variety of state high school championship events.

The Sioux Falls Arena hosted the men's and women's Summit League Basketball Championship from 2009 until the opening of the Denny Sanford PREMIER Center in 2014.

Beginning in the fall of 2014, the Arena has been the home of Augustana University Vikings men's and women's basketball games.

Elvis Presley performed one of his final concerts here on June 22, 1977.
Waupoos Island, Ontario
Waupoos Island is a community in Ontario, located within the municipality of Prince Edward County in the northwest quadrant of Prince Edward Bay. A private ferry service across Smith Bay from the hamlet of Waupoos on the mainland is operated by a holiday camp on Waupoos Island. The island is a favored anchorage for experienced sailors familiar with the rocky shoals in the area.

43°59′17″N 76°58′55″W﻿ / ﻿43.988°N 76.982°W﻿ / 43.988; -76.982

The nearest population centre to Waupoos Island is the town of Picton.

Waupoos, Ontario
Waupoos is a community in Prince Edward County, Ontario, Canada. Situated on Smith Bay on Lake Ontario, Waupoos is in the centre of the county's cider and wine industry. Located about 13 km from Picton, it is set among apple orchards, wineries, local farms, and forested hills.

During and after the American Revolution, Waupoos served as a point of resettlement for American United Empire Loyalists. Prior to European settlement, Waupoos (whose name is derived from the Ojibwe waabooz, "rabbit") was inhabited by the Mississauga, who created a burial ground on Waupoos Island. The Conrad David house, a historically designated property on which Sir John A. MacDonald once held the mortgage, now houses the County Cider Company. The Waupoos Estate Winery also makes its home in the hamlet of Waupoos.
Mewa River
Mewa River is a major tributary of Tamur River which forms a part of the Saptakoshi River system. The river is located in Taplejung district of eastern Nepal. The Mewa converges with the Tamur river near the Hangdrung village.

Tamur River
The Tamur River is a major river in eastern Nepal, which begins around Kanchenjunga. The Tamor and the Arun join the Sun Koshi at Tribenighat to form the giant Saptakoshi which flows through Mahabharat Range on to the Gangetic plain.
Ode to My Family
"Ode to My Family" is a song by Irish band the Cranberries, released on 21 November 1994 by Island Records as the second single from their second studio album, No Need to Argue (1994). The song was written by band members Dolores O'Riordan and Noel Hogan, and produced by Stephen Street. It was a hit in Oceania and several European countries, topping the charts in Iceland, and reaching number four in France, number five in Australia, and number eight in New Zealand. Its accompanying music video was directed by Samuel Bayer. In 2017, the song was released as an acoustic, stripped down version on the band's Something Else album.

No Need to Argue
No Need to Argue is the second studio album by Irish alternative rock band the Cranberries, released on 3 October 1994, through Island Records. It is the band's best-selling album, and has sold over 17 million copies worldwide as of 2014. It contains one of the band's most well-known songs, "Zombie". The album's mood is considered to be darker and harsher than that on the band's debut album Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?, released a year prior.
Costigliole Saluzzo
Costigliole Saluzzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 km (12 mi) north of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,212 and an area of 15.3 km2 (5.9 sq mi).

Costigliole Saluzzo borders the following municipalities: Busca, Piasco, Rossana, Verzuolo, and Villafalletto.

Piasco
Piasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

It is home to the only museum of harps in the world.
1277 papal election
The 1277 papal election (May 30 – November 25), convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors (following the deaths of three popes who had not created cardinals). Because John XXI had revoked Ubi periculum, the papal bull of Pope Gregory X establishing the papal conclave, with his own bull Licet felicis recordationis, the cardinal electors were able to take their time.  After six months of deliberation, the cardinals eventually elected their most senior member Giovanni Orsini as Pope Nicholas III. From the end of the election until Nicholas III's first consistory on 12 March 1278, the number of living cardinals—seven—was the lowest in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI (Latin: Ioannes XXI, Italian: Giovanni XXI, Portuguese: João XXI; c. 1215 – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião (Latin: Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only ethnically Portuguese pope in history. He is sometimes identified with the logician and herbalist Peter of Spain (Latin: Petrus Hispanus; Portuguese: Pedro Hispano), which would make him the only pope to have been a physician.
Minister (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, the term minister is used with various meanings. Most commonly, the word refers to a person, either lay or ordained, who is commissioned to perform some act on behalf of the Catholic Church. It is not a particular office or rank of clergy, as is the case in some other Christian organisations; rather, minister may be used as a collective term for vocational or professional pastoral leaders including clergy (bishops, deacons, priests) and non-clergy (theologians and lay ecclesial ministers). It is also used in reference to the canonical and liturgical administration of sacraments, as part of some offices, and with reference to the exercise of the lay apostolate.

Catechesis
Catechesis (/ˌkætəˈkiːsɪs/; from Greek: κατήχησις, 'instruction by word of mouth', generally 'instruction') is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book. It started as education of converts to Christianity, but as the religion became institutionalized, catechesis was used for education of members who had been baptized as infants. As defined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 5 (quoting Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, §18):

Catechesis is an education in the faith of children, young people and adults which includes especially the teaching of Christian doctrine imparted, generally speaking, in an organic and systematic way, with a view to initiating the hearers into the fullness of Christian life.
Photosensitivity in humans
Light sensitivity or photosensitivity refers to a notable or increased reactivity to light. Apart from vision, human beings have many physiological and psychological responses to light. In rare individuals an atypical response may result in serious discomfort, disease, or injury. Some drugs have a photosensitizing effect. Properties of natural or artificial light that may abnormally affect people include:

Timing of light (upset of normal circadian rhythms, seasonal affective disorder, sleep disorders)

Intensity of light (photophobia, sunburn, skin cancer)

Wavelength of light (in lupus, urticaria)

Rapid flickers in intensity of light may trigger or aggravate photosensitive epilepsy, epileptic seizure, or migraine headaches.

Conditions that may include sensitivity to light include vertigo and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Controlled application of artificial light can be used in a program of light therapy to treat some disorders.

Light therapy
Light therapy, also called phototherapy or bright light therapy, is the exposure to direct sunlight or artificial light at controlled wavelengths in order to treat a variety of medical disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, cancers, neonatal jaundice, and skin wound infections. Treating skin conditions such as neurodermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and eczema with ultraviolet light is called ultraviolet light therapy.
Horn-shaped jade ring
A horn-shaped jade ring, also known as a trumpet-shaped jade ring (Chinese: 喇叭形玉環; pinyin: lǎ ba xíng yù huán) is a kind of prehistoric single-bulged bracelet found in Taiwan. It is carved and polished from one individual jade, with a section in "L" shape. One side of the bracelet extends externally, forming the shape of a trumpet. The arc of the extending part is extremely smooth. The marks of rotational cutting are not seen on the bracelet itself, and the largest periphery is not aligned... Many of such jade ornaments have been unearthed in late Neolithic archaeological sites, among which the Peinan Site has found 8 horn-shaped jade rings in total

Bracelet
A bracelet is an article of jewellery that is worn around the wrist. Bracelets may serve different uses, such as being worn as an ornament. When worn as ornaments, bracelets may have a supportive function to hold other items of decoration, such as charms. Medical and identity information can be marked on some bracelets, such as allergy bracelets, hospital patient-identification tags, and bracelet tags for newborn babies. Bracelets may be worn to signify a certain phenomenon, such as breast cancer awareness, for religious/cultural purposes or as a sign of LGBTQ pride.

If a bracelet is a single, inflexible loop, it is often called a bangle. When it is worn around the ankle it is called an ankle bracelet or anklet. A boot bracelet is used to decorate boots. Bracelets can be manufactured from metal, leather, cloth, plastic, bead or other materials, and jewellery bracelets sometimes contain jewels, rocks, wood, shells, crystals, metal, or plastic hoops, pearls and many more materials.
Honda Yasushige (daimyo, born 1554)
Honda Yasushige (本多 康重) (1554 – May 4, 1611) was a Japanese samurai of the late Sengoku through early Edo period. The first lord of Okazaki han in Mikawa Province, he held the title of Bungo no Kami (豊後守). Yasushige served Tokugawa Ieyasu from a young age, taking part in various battles, such as the Battle of Anegawa and the fight against Takeda Shingen. After the Odawara Campaign, Yasushige moved into the Kantō region with Ieyasu, and received the 20,000 koku fief of Shiroi han. Following the Sekigahara Campaign, he was transferred to the 50,000 koku fief of Okazaki han in 1601. After his death on May 4, 1611, he was succeeded by his son Yasunori.

Takeda Shingen
Takeda Shingen (武田 信玄; December 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was a Japanese samurai who was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku period. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyo of the late Sengoku period, despite being based in a poor area with little arable land and no access to the sea.
Humanoid (Tokio Hotel album)
Humanoid is the third German album, the second English album and the fourth overall album by the German band Tokio Hotel. Released through Island Records and Cherrytree Records, the album was recorded in both German and English with both versions set for a simultaneous worldwide release bearing the same title, Humanoid.

The German version of the album was released on 2 October 2009, in Germany and other European countries, while the English version was released in the United States on 6 October 2009. Unlike their previous English-language album, Scream, Humanoid had no UK release in 2009. Humanoid was digitally released on UK iTunes on 27 January 2014.

The song "Human Connect To Human" was featured in a Verizon Wireless commercial promoting Motorola's Droid phone. "Humanoid" is included on the set list for rhythm game Rock Band 3.

Scream (Tokio Hotel album)
Scream is the debut English studio album and the third overall studio album by German band Tokio Hotel. It contains English versions of songs from their previous albums Schrei and Zimmer 483: eight of the twelve songs come from Zimmer 483 while the remaining four originated from Schrei. The name Scream is the English translation of the name of the first Tokio Hotel album, Schrei.

In German-speaking countries, the album was released as Room 483 – the English translation of their second album's name ("Zimmer 483"). The first single released from the album was simply called "Monsoon" – not "Through the Monsoon" (the literal translation of the original, "Durch den Monsun").
Civil Service Yearbook
The Civil Service Yearbook is an annual reference guide to the Civil Service and non-departmental public bodies.

The book was first published in 1972 and replaced the British Imperial Calendar. It was published annually by TSO until 2010 when the 47th Edition was published. An online version was made available starting with the 34th Edition in 1999.

Publication resumed in 2012 with the 48th Edition being published by Dandy Booksellers. The final print edition (54th Edition) was published in August 2018.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Cullendale, Arkansas
Cullendale is an unincorporated community in Ouachita County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area and lies at an elevation of 128 ft.

The singer Little Willie John was born in Cullendale in 1937.

Camden, Arkansas
Camden is a city in and the county seat of Ouachita County in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The city is located about 100 miles south of Little Rock. Situated on bluffs overlooking the Ouachita River, the city developed because of the river.

The recorded history began in 1782 when a Spanish military post was established on the site of an old French trading post called Écore à Fabri. When Ouachita County was formed in 1842, American settlers changed the name to Camden. The city became an important port during the steamboat era when Camden became known as the “Queen City” of the Ouachita. In 1864, Camden became the unintended focus of the Red River Campaign, a major Civil War effort resulting in several significant battles.

In 2020, Camden had a population of 10,612, down from its 2010 population of 12,183. Camden is the principal city of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Ouachita and Calhoun counties.
Muchka
Muchka (Quechua for mortar, also spelled Muchca) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 metres (15,092 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, on the border of the districts of Alis and Vitis, northwest of Alis.

Cordillera Central (Peru)
The Cordillera Central (Spanish for central mountain range) is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W (or between 11°37' and 12°26'S and 75°30' and 76°18'W) for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.

The name Cordillera Central is also applied to one of the three ranges that cross Peru in a northwesterly direction between the Cordillera Occidental ("the western range") where the Cordillera Central of the Junín and Lima Regions is located and the Cordillera Oriental ("the eastern range").  The mountaineer Evelio Echevarría uses the term for the La Viuda range and the Khaskaqucha range.
German submarine U-249
German submarine U-249 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 23 January 1943 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 683, launched on 23 October 1943 and commissioned on 20 November under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Rolf Lindschau.

In two patrols, she sank no ships.

She surrendered on 10 May 1945 and was sunk on 13 December as part of Operation Deadlight.

3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37
The 3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37 was a series of anti-aircraft guns produced by Nazi Germany that saw widespread service in the Second World War. The cannon was fully automatic and effective against aircraft flying at altitudes up to 4,200 m. The cannon was produced in both towed and self-propelled versions. Having a flexible doctrine, the Germans used their anti-aircraft pieces in ground support roles as well; 37 mm caliber guns were no exception to that. With Germany's defeat, production ceased and, overall, 37 mm caliber anti-aircraft cannon fell into gradual disuse, being replaced by the Bofors 40 mm gun and later, by 35-mm anti-aircraft pieces produced in Switzerland.