hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Jews in Angola
The recorded history of the Jews in Angola stretches from the Middle Ages to modern times. A very small community of Jews lives in Angola mostly in the capital city of Luanda with a handful scattered elsewhere of mixed origins and backgrounds. There are also a number of transitory Israeli businesspeople living in Angola.

Portuguese Inquisition
The Portuguese Inquisition (Portuguese: Inquisição Portuguesa), officially known as the General Council of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in Portugal, was formally established in Portugal in 1536 at a long-standing request of King John III.

It was one of three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition, along with the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition, that survived in the period after the Medieval Inquisition. The Goa Inquisition was an extension of the Portuguese Inquisition in colonial-era Portuguese India. The Portuguese Inquisition was terminated in 1821.
1991 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1991 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University as a member of the Big East Conference during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by first-year head coach Paul Pasqualoni, the Orangemen compiled an overall record of 10–2 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play. Syracuse was invited to the Hall of Fame Bowl, where the Orangemen defeated Ohio State. The team played home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York.

Two new eras began for Syracuse football in 1991. It was the first season as head coach for Paul Pasqualoni, who was promoted from assistant after Dick MacPherson, who had led the Orangemen for the previous 11 seasons, left to take the head coaching job for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). 1991 was also the first season in which the Big East Conference sponsored football, although the conference would not establish a full round-robin schedule in the sport until the 1993 season.

Paul Pasqualoni
Paul Lucian Pasqualoni (/ˌpæskəˈloʊni/; born August 16, 1949) is an American football coach who recently served as the linebackers coach for the Memphis Showboats of the United Football League (UFL). He most recently was the defensive line coach for the Carolina Panthers.

Pasqualoni has served as the defensive coordinator of the NFL's Miami Dolphins and Detroit Lions, and as the defensive line coach and interim defensive coordinator of the Dallas Cowboys. He was the head coach of the Syracuse University football team from 1991 to 2004.
2009 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2009 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 78th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 12 April 2009 and ended on 6 September 2009.

Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 6 September 2009, Galway won the championship after a 2-15 to 2-11 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 8th championship title overall and their first title since 2005.

Tipperary's John O'Dwyer was the championship's top scorer with 4-37.

2005 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2005 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 75th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 31 March 2005 and ended on 11 September 2005.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 11 September 2005, Galway won the championship following a 3-12 to 0-17 defeat of Limerick in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title in succession.

Limerick's Eoin Ryan was the championship's top scorer with 4-40.
UK Country Airplay
The UK Country Airplay chart is a weekly music chart based on the radio airplay of country music singles on radio stations in the United Kingdom. It serves as the UK equivalent to the American Billboard Country Airplay chart.

Announced on 8 March 2024, the debut chart was revealed a few days later on 10 March to coincide with the final day of the 2024 C2C: Country to Country music festival, with the official top 40 being posted each week on the UK-based country publication Countrymusic.co.uk. The chart, which is the first genre-specific radio chart in the UK, aims to serve as a key measure of which songs are being enjoyed most frequently by listeners across the country and is produced in collaboration with music company Radiomonitor, and the UK branch of the Country Music Association.

The first number one song on the UK Country Airplay chart was "Creek Will Rise" by Conner Smith. The current number one single is "Old Tricks" by Thomas Rhett featuring Niall Horan.

Radiomonitor
Radiomonitor is a British music company that tracks the worldwide airplay of songs, with the information given to record labels and radio stations. They have established partnerships with several international companies located in Ireland, Australia and South Africa, and compiled several airplay charts in the United Kingdom in contrast to the Official Charts Company's physical sales-based UK Singles Chart.
Gavestinel
Gavestinel (GV-150,526) was an investigational drug developed by GlaxoSmithKline for acute intracerebral hemorrhage, which in 2001 failed to show an effect in what was at the time, the largest clinical trial in stroke that had been conducted.

Gavestinel is an NMDA antagonist, binding selectively to the glycine site on the NMDA receptor complex, rather than the glutamate site many NMDA antagonists bind to.

NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for humans and animals; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia.

Several synthetic opioids function additionally as NMDAR-antagonists, such as pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, and ketobemidone.

Some NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (PCP), methoxetamine (MXE), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used recreationally for their dissociative, hallucinogenic, and euphoriant properties. When used recreationally, they are classified as dissociative drugs.
101st Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 101st Infantry Division (101. Infanterie-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on May 3, 1915, and organized over the next few weeks. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was reduced to a division staff for special purposes (Divisions-Stab z.b.V.) without troops in July 1917 and dissolved in January 1918.

The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of existing divisions that were being triangularized. The division's 201st Infantry Brigade was formerly the 75th Infantry Brigade of the 37th Infantry Division, and came to the division with the 146th Infantry Regiment. The 45th Infantry Regiment came from the 2nd Infantry Division and the 59th Infantry Regiment came from the 41st Infantry Division.

41st Division (German Empire)
The 41st Division (41. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was established on October 1, 1912, in Deutsch Eylau (now Iława, Poland). The division was subordinated in peacetime to the XX Army Corps (XX. Armeekorps). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was mainly recruited in the Prussian province of West Prussia.
2021 6 Hours of The Glen
The 2021 Sahlen's Six Hours of The Glen was an endurance sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The race was held at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York on June 27, 2021. This race was the fifth round of the 2021 IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the third round of the 2021 Michelin Endurance Cup.

Porsche 911 RSR-19
The Porsche 911 RSR-19 is a racing car developed by Porsche to compete in the LM GTE category of the FIA World Endurance Championship and European Le Mans Series, and the GTLM category of the IMSA SportsCar Championship. It serves as the direct replacement for the Porsche 911 RSR (2017). The car made its racing debut at the 2019 4 Hours of Silverstone. The car was unveiled at the 2019 Goodwood Festival of Speed, at the timing gantry of the Hillclimb circuit, just moments before its first public run, with Gianmaria Bruni at the wheel.
Timar
A timar was a land grant by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with an annual tax revenue of less than 20,000 akçes. The revenues produced from the land acted as compensation for military service. A holder of a timar was known as a timariot. If the revenues produced from the timar were from 20,000 to 100,000 akçes, the land grant was called a zeamet, and if they were above 100,000 akçes, the grant would be called a  hass.

Hass (Ottoman)
In the Ottoman administrative-military classification of land, a hâss was an estate with revenue. It was further divided into classes.

hass-ı hümayun, Imperial demesne (domain)

hass-ı mir-liva, taxes for district commander

hass-ı mirmiran, prebend of second-level pasha governing a province
Plate theory (volcanism)
The plate theory is a model of volcanism that attributes all volcanic activity on Earth, even that which appears superficially to be anomalous, to the operation of plate tectonics. According to the plate theory, the principal cause of volcanism is extension of the lithosphere. Extension of the lithosphere is a function of the lithospheric stress field. The global distribution of volcanic activity at a given time reflects the contemporaneous lithospheric stress field, and changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of volcanoes reflect changes in the stress field. The main factors governing the evolution of the stress field are:

Changes in the configuration of plate boundaries.

Vertical motions.

Thermal contraction.

Lithospheric extension enables pre-existing melt in the crust and mantle to escape to the surface. If extension is severe and thins the lithosphere to the extent that the asthenosphere rises, then additional melt is produced by decompression upwelling.

Pacific plate
The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate.

The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon plate to a few remnants along the west coast of the Americas and the Phoenix plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi plate by subduction under Asia.

The Pacific plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands.
Søndeledfjorden
Søndeledfjorden is a fjord in Risør municipality in Agder county, Norway. The 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) long fjord begins at the village of Søndeled and flows east into the Skaggerak.  The large island of Barmen sits in the middle of the fjord, effectively separating it into two fjords known as the Nordfjorden in the north and the Sørfjorden in the south. At the western end of Barmen, the Nordfjorden and Sørfjorden reconnect in an area known as the Rødsfjorden.  There are many islands at the mouth of the fjord as well as in the fjord itself.

The town of Risør sits at the end of a peninsula on the south side of the mainland at the entrance to the fjord.  There are many villages located around the fjord as well.  On the south side, there are the villages of Moen and Bossvika, and on the north side, there are the villages of Sivik and Stamsø.  The Norwegian County Road 416 runs along the southern coast of the fjord.

Stamsø
Stamsø or Stamsøy is a village in Risør municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the north shore of the Søndeledfjordne, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the village of Søndeled and about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the village of Sivik.

Stamsø is also a family name for a number of people in the region. The Stamsø family name has roots that can be traced several centuries back in time. There was once a school at Stamsø, but it is no longer in use.
Malaysia Federal Route 234
Federal Route 234, or Jalan Jerantut-Kuala Lipis (or also known as Jalan Sungai Jan in Jerantut) (formerly Pahang State Route C9) and Jalan Pekeliling in Kuala Lipis (formerly Pahang State Route C159)), is a federal road in Pahang, Malaysia. The roads connects Jerantut in the east until Kuala Lipis in the west. It is also a main route to Taman Negara (National Park) in Kuala Tembeling. The route starts at Jerantut, at its interchange with the Federal Route 64.

In 2012, the highway was gazetted as Federal Route 234.

Malaysian Federal Roads System
Malaysian Federal Roads System (Malay: Sistem Jalan Persekutuan Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚联邦公路系统), is the main national road network in Malaysia. All federal roads in Malaysia are under the purview of the Ministry of Works (MOW). According to the Ministerial Functions Act 1969, the MOW is responsible to plan, build and maintain all federal roads gazetted under the Federal Roads Act 1959. However, most of the Federal roads' projects were built and maintained by the Malaysian Public Works Department (Jambatan Kerja Raya, JKR), which is also one of the implementing agencies under the MOW (with the exception of Sabah and Sarawak, whereby JKR in these two states is under respective state government).
Tampella (district)
Tampella (until 2002 known as Naistenlahti) is a neighbourhood in the northern part of the city center of Tampere, Finland. It consists of the old Tampella factory area, the Armonkallio residential area and the Naistenlahti harbor area.  The neighboring parts of the internally heterogeneous district located on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi are Lapinniemi, Lappi, Osmonmäki, Tammela, Jussinkylä, Finlayson and Särkänniemi.

The Naistenlahti Power Plant operates on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi in Tampella. The Vapriikki Museum Centre is also located in the district.

Tammela, Tampere
Tammela is a district in Tampere, Finland, located east of the city centre. Tammela was born in the 1870s as a working-class neighbourhood, today it is especially popular among the students of the nearby Tampere University. As of 2014, the population of Tammela was 5,646.

Tammela was almost completely destroyed in the 1918 Finnish Civil War Battle of Tampere and also severely damaged in the air raids of World War II. Some wooden houses from the early 1900s have remained in the so-called Puu-Tammela area in the eastern side of the district. Today Tammela is known for the Tammelantori Market Square and its mustamakkara kiosks, and the Tammela Football Stadium.
Tunapuna–Piarco
Tunapuna–Piarco is one of the 9 regions of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the most populous region in the country by total population and the fifth-largest by total land area. Geographically located in Northern Trinidad, Tunapuna–Piarco shares its borders with the regions of San Juan–Laventille to the west, Couva–Tabaquite–Talparo to the south, the Borough of Chaguanas to the south-west, Sangre Grande to the east and the Caribbean Sea to the north. The region also completely surrounds the Royal Chartered Borough of Arima, which is located in the south-eastern corner of the region.

Tunapuna–Piarco is one of the most geographically diverse regions in Trinidad and Tobago. It features the country's two highest mountain peaks, El Cerro del Aripo at 3,084 feet and El Tucuche standing at a soaring 3,070 feet, which both tower the north of the region and the Northern Coast of Trinidad forming a part of the Northern Range.

Piarco International Airport
Piarco International Airport (IATA: POS, ICAO: TTPP) is an international airport serving the island of Trinidad and is one of two international airports in Trinidad and Tobago. The airport is 30 km (19 mi) east of Downtown Port of Spain, in the suburban town of Piarco. The airport is the primary hub and operating base for the country's national airline, as well as the Caribbean's largest airline, Caribbean Airlines.
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) is a three-bill package that passed the California state legislature and was signed into California state law by Governor Jerry Brown in September 2014. Its purpose is to ensure better local and regional management of groundwater use and it seeks to achieve sustainable groundwater management throughout California by 2042. It emphasizes local management and formed groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) from local and regional authorities who submitted groundwater sustainability plans (GSPs) to the state between 2020 and 2022.

Groundwater-related subsidence
Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from unsustainable groundwater extraction. It is a growing problem in the developing world as cities increase in population and water use, without adequate pumping regulation and enforcement. One estimate has 80% of serious U.S. land subsidence problems associated with the excessive extraction of groundwater.

Groundwater can be considered one of the last free resources, as anyone who can afford to drill can usually draw up merely according to their ability to pump (depending on local regulations). However, pumping-induced draw down causes a depression of the groundwater surface around the production well. This can ultimately affect a large region by making it more difficult and expensive to pump the deeper water. Thus, the extraction of groundwater becomes a tragedy of the commons, with resulting economic externalities.
Abalienatio
Abalienatio, in Roman law, is a legal transfer of property by sale or other alienation. According to Cicero, abalienatio est ejus rei, quae mancipi est, aut traditio alteri nexu aut in jure cessio, inter quos ea jure civili fieri possunt. Cicero  defines abalienatio to be ejus rei quae mancipi est; and this is effected either by traditio alteri nexu aut in jure cessio inter quos ea jure civili fieri possunt. According to this definition, abalienatio is of a res mancipi, a class of things determinate; and the mode of transfer is either by traditio nexu or by in jure cessio.

Res mancipi
Res mancipi was one of the categories of property in Roman law. The other was res nec mancipi.

Romans viewed res mancipi as that property of particular importance to them, at least in early Rome. Gaius (Institutes 2.14a - 2.22) explains the difference between the two categories of property by giving example of what constitutes res mancipi and res nec mancipi. He tells us that lands and houses on Italic soil, beasts of burden, slaves, and rustic and praedial servitudes are all res mancipi. Gaius goes on to say that res mancipi may only be conveyed formally, that is either by the mancipatio ceremony, or in iure cessio.

The distinction between res mancipi and res nec mancipi was formally abolished by Justinian in Corpus Juris Civilis.
Euphlyctis ehrenbergii
Euphlyctis ehrenbergii (Arabian five-fingered frog or Arabian skittering frog) is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to the  southwestern Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It has been treated as a subspecies of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, but is now considered as a valid species. The specific name ehrenbergii honours Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), a German natural scientist.

E. ehrenbergii is restricted to areas of permanent and temporary water in the Red Sea coast of Yemen and Saudi Arabia. A very aquatic species, it can also be present in irrigated areas.

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis is a common dicroglossid frog found in South Asia. It is known under numerous common names, including Indian skipper frog or skittering frog. They are often seen at the edge of bodies of water with their eyes above the water. They noisily move away from the shore when disturbed, giving them their common name. They are rarely seen outside water.
Danilo Concepcion
Danilo Lardizabal Concepcion (born February 7, 1958), often referred to by his nickname DaniCon, is a Filipino lawyer who served as the 21st president of the University of the Philippines. Prior to his appointment as UP president, he was the dean and a professor of law at the UP College of Law and the Executive Director of the UP Bonifacio Global City Campus. He is husband to lawyer Gaby Concepcion.

President of the University of the Philippines
The president of the University of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is the chief administrator and principal executive officer of the University of the Philippines. The president is elected for a single six-year term by the University's eleven-member Board of Regents (BOR). (Before the passage of RA 9500, there were 12 members in the BOR). As of 2023, two Americans and 20 Filipinos have served as President of the University of the Philippines.

Lawyer and former Regent Angelo Jimenez is the current President, having assumed office on February 10, 2023.
Cuirm
Cuirm was a kind of beer or ale brewed in the Gàidhealtachd at one time. It was a powerful, intoxicating liquor made from barley, and being of course used at many feasts, the word cuirm came ultimately to mean a feast itself. It is supposed by some to have been the same as whisky, but the process of brewing being so much easier and cheaper than distilling, it was more probably a strong kind of beer. It may be related to "barley bree".

Ale
Ale is a style of beer, brewed using a warm fermentation method.  In medieval England, the term referred to a drink brewed without hops.

As with most beers, ale typically has a bittering agent to balance the malt and act as a preservative. Ale was originally bittered with gruit, a mixture of herbs or spices boiled in the wort before fermentation, before hops replaced gruit as the bittering agent. In England, however, it was also common to brew ale without adding herbs.
St. Louis–San Francisco class 4500
The St. Louis–San Francisco class 4500 was a class of 25 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1942-1943 and operated by the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.

The first three operated in passenger service, pulling trains such as the Meteor. The rest pulled freight throughout the system until retirement by the early 1950s. Four 4500s has been preserved and all are on display.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Pingtan, Shanxi
Pingtan (Chinese: 平坦; pinyin: Píngtǎn) is a town in Jiaoqu (Jiao District), Yangquan, Shanxi province, China. As of 2020, it has eleven villages under its administration:

Longfenggou Village (龙凤沟村)

Ganhe Village (甘河村)

Taolingou Village (桃林沟村)

Weijiayu Village (魏家峪村)

Xinxing Village (辛兴村)

Potou Village (坡头村)

Sangzhang Village (桑掌村)

Zhongzhuang Village (中庄村)

Beinao Village (北垴村)

Xishangzhuang Village (西上庄村)

Houyu Village (后峪村)

Jiaoqu, Yangquan
Jiaoqu (simplified Chinese: 郊区; traditional Chinese: 郊區; pinyin: Jiāoqū; lit. 'suburban district') is a district of Yangquan, Shanxi province, China. As of 2020, it had a population of 275,094 residing in an area of 633 km2 (244 sq mi).