hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Embedding problem
In Galois theory, a branch of mathematics, the embedding problem is a generalization of the inverse Galois problem. Roughly speaking, it asks whether a given Galois extension can be embedded into a Galois extension in such a way that the restriction map between the corresponding Galois groups is given.

Galois group
In mathematics, in the area of abstract algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension. The study of field extensions and their relationship to the polynomials that give rise to them via Galois groups is called Galois theory, so named in honor of Évariste Galois who first discovered them.

For a more elementary discussion of Galois groups in terms of permutation groups, see the article on Galois theory.
Bozüyükspor
Bozüyükspor is a Turkish sports club founded in 1973 and is currently playing in the Regional Amateur League. Their colors are navy blue and white. They play their home matches in Bozüyük Şehir Stadı in Bozüyük, Bilecik Province. The club is a brother team of Eskişehirspor because Bozüyük is just 40 km away from Eskişehir and is bounded economically to them. Their highest achievement so far is that they played in the old Second League in the 1991–92 season.

Eskişehirspor
Eskişehirspor Kulübü is a Turkish football club located in Eskişehir. Founded in 1965, Eskişehirspor competed in the top division of Turkish football for 16 years until they were relegated. After being out of the Süper Lig for 12 years the club won the TFF First League playoffs and were promoted in May 2008. Since being relegated from the Süper Lig in 2016 they have competed in lower leagues.
Premier League–Football League gulf
In English football, a gulf has arisen between the finances of clubs from the Premier League and English Football League since the First Division clubs broke away to form the Premier League in 1992. Some have argued that this disparity is wider than in other European leagues where the top flight is combined with at least one division below in a league, such as Germany's Bundesliga, Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga. However, England has five tiers of single national divisions, compared to only two in Spain and Italy and three in Germany.

2024–25 Premier League
The 2024–25 Premier League was the 33rd season of the Premier League and the 126th season of top-flight English football overall. Manchester City entered the season as four-time defending champions, but were dethroned by Liverpool, who emerged as Premier League winners with four games to spare, equalling Manchester United's record of 20 English league titles.

The fixtures were released on 18 June 2024, consisting of 33 weekend rounds, four midweek rounds, and one Bank Holiday matchweek.

The summer transfer window opened on 14 June 2024 and closed at 23:00 BST on 30 August 2024. The winter window opened on 1 January 2025 and closed at 23:00 GMT on 3 February 2025. This was also the last season the Nike sponsor match ball for the top flight was used; Puma became the official ball supplier of the top flight starting from the 2025–26 season.
HD 30856
HD 30856 (proper name Mouhoun) is a binary system between HD 30856 A (often simply HD 30856), a K-type giant star, and HD 30856 B, a red dwarf companion, located in the constellation of Eridanus about 430 light-years distant. A super-Jupiter exoplanet, HD 30856 b (proper name Nakanbé), is known to orbit the primary star.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
Glebe, Tasmania
Glebe is a suburb in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.  The suburb is a very small area adjacent to the city on the same part of land as the Queens Domain, the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens and the Hobart Aquatic Centre.  At the 2016 Australian Census the suburb recorded a population of 554.

Glebe is a small suburb in comparison to some in Hobart.  On the north and east sides, the suburb is surrounded by the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens.  Brooker Avenue marks the western boundary of the suburb, while the Tasman Highway marks the southern side.

The Glebe contains some examples of Victorian and Federation Style wooden terraced houses, some of which are up to 4 storeys high and tower over the Brooker Avenue impressively.

Glebe was the birthplace and early home of brothers Ernest, Tasman and Arthur Higgins, all of whom became pioneering cinematographers of Australian cinema during the silent era.

Queens Domain
The Queens Domain, also known as The Domain to locals, is an expansive 230 ha (570-acre) area of bushland, parkland, and cultural sites located just north-east of the Hobart City Centre, bordering the River Derwent in the state capital of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Established in 1860 by gubernatorial decree, the Domain is public land preserved for community use and recreation.
Wendy Whelan
Wendy Whelan (/ˈhwiːlən/; born May 7, 1967) is an American ballet dancer. She was principal dancer with the New York City Ballet and performed with the company for 30 years, and toured in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Whelan has also been an influential guest artist with Morphoses/The Wheeldon Company. In 2019, Whelan was named Associate Artistic Director of New York City Ballet.

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
Juan Bisquert
Juan Bisquert (Düsseldorf, 21 November 1962),  is a Spanish physicist recognized for his research in solar energy conversion and functional electronic devices. His work has significantly contributed to the development of perovskite solar cells and neuromorphic devices based on materials with memory properties, with applications in bioinspired computing. He was the founder and director (2015–2020) of the Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) at the Universitat Jaume I, and since 2017 he has presided over the Fundació Scito (Valencia). He is currently Distinguished Researcher at the Instituto de Tecnología Química (ITQ) a joint center of the CSIC and the UPV

Memristor
A memristor (/ˈmɛmrɪstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. It was described and named in 1971 by Leon Chua, completing a theoretical quartet of fundamental electrical components which also comprises the resistor, capacitor and inductor.

Chua and Kang later generalized the concept to memristive systems. Such a system comprises a circuit, of multiple conventional components, which mimics key properties of the ideal memristor component and is also commonly referred to as a memristor. Several such memristor system technologies have been developed, notably ReRAM.

The identification of memristive properties in electronic devices has attracted controversy. Experimentally, the ideal memristor has yet to be demonstrated.
Shlomo Wolbe
Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe (August Wilhelm, 1914 – April 25, 2005) was a Haredi rabbi born in Berlin in the early part of the twentieth century. He is best known as the author of Alei Shur (Hebrew: עלי שור), a musar classic discussing dimensional growth as it pertains to students of the Talmud. He died in Jerusalem in 2005.

Nachmanides
Moses ben Nachman (Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן Mōše ben-Nāḥmān, "Moses son of Nachman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (/nækˈmænɪdiːz/; Greek: Ναχμανίδης Nakhmanídēs), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban (/ˌrɑːmˈbɑːn/; רמב״ן‎) and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (Catalan: [ˌbɔnəsˈtɾuk sə ˈpɔrtə]; literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate", see astruc), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Catalan rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life in Girona, Catalonia. He is also considered to be an important figure in the re-establishment of the Jewish community in Jerusalem following its destruction by the Crusaders in 1099.
Justin Janicke
Justin Scott Janicke (born June 30, 2003) is an American ice hockey forward currently playing for the Kansas City Mavericks in the ECHL while under contract to the Coachella Valley Firebirds in the American Hockey League (AHL). He previously played college hockey for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the NCAA's Big Ten Conference and is a prospect for the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL), who selected him 195th overall in the seventh round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft.

Kansas City Mavericks
The Kansas City Mavericks are an ice hockey team in the ECHL. Founded in 2009 as the Missouri Mavericks of the CHL, the team plays in Independence, Missouri, a suburb of Kansas City, Missouri, at the Cable Dahmer Arena.
Mackey functor
In mathematics, particularly in representation theory and algebraic topology, a Mackey functor is a type of functor that generalizes various constructions in group theory and equivariant homotopy theory. Named after American mathematician George Mackey, these functors were first introduced by German mathematician Andreas Dress in 1971.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Religion in Armenia
As of 2011, most Armenians in Armenia are Christians (97%) and are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a member of the family of Oriental Orthodox Churches. It was founded in the 1st century AD, and in 301 AD became the first branch of Christianity to become a state religion.

Lori Province
Lori (Armenian: Լոռի, Armenian pronunciation: [lɔˈri] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery.

The province was heavily damaged during the 1988 Armenian earthquake.

The province is served by the Stepanavan Airport.
Rivière du Sud (North Eaton River tributary)
The rivière du Sud (in English: South River) is a tributary of the south bank of the North Eaton River whose current flows successively into the Eaton River, the Saint-François River, then the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

The Rivière du Sud flows through the municipalities of Saint-Mathias-de-Bonneterre and Newport, in the Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality
Le Haut-Saint-François (French pronunciation: [lə o sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]; The Upper Saint-François [St. Francis]) is a regional county municipality in southeastern Quebec, Canada in the Estrie region. Its seat is in Cookshire-Eaton, and it is named for the Saint-François River which runs through the RCM.
Spixworth
Spixworth is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village lies close to the B1150 road and is 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Norwich and some 10 miles (16.1 km) south of North Walsham.
It covers an area of 4.80 km2 (1.85 sq mi) and had a population of 3,769 in 1,508 households at the 2001 census including Beeston St Andrew but decreasing to a population of 3,718 in 1,579 households at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Broadland.

North Walsham
North Walsham is a market town and civil parish in the North Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. The town is located 8 mi (13 km) south of Cromer and Norwich is 15 mi (24 km) south.

In local dialect, North Walsham is pronounced "Nor Walsham", "Wals'm" "Wolsam"; "North Wolshum"
Kia K9
The Kia K9, marketed as the Kia K900 in the United States and Canada and as the Kia Quoris in other export markets, is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by Kia, now in its second generation.

The K9 was launched in South Korea in May 2012, with export sales beginning in late 2012. As of June 2013, it was sold in South Korea, United Arab Emirates, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala, Peru, Russia, the United States, and Canada. There are plans to release it in China, although Kia will not use the Quoris nameplate after it lost a legal battle. The K900 was discontinued in Canada by 2018, and the United States in January 2021.

The second generation K9 was launched in 2018.

Luxury car
A luxury car is a passenger automobile providing superior comfort levels, features, and equipment. More expensive materials and surface finishes are used, and buyers expect a correspondingly high build quality.

The term is relative and unavoidably subjective, reflecting both objective qualities of a car and the projected and perceived image of the vehicle's marque. Luxury brands rank above premium brands, though there is no clear distinction between the two.

Luxury cars span from sports cars to large saloons and sport utility vehicles. "Compact" luxury vehicles also fill a niche.
Midland Railway 6 Class
The Midland Railway 6 Class was a class of ten 0-4-4T steam locomotives. They were built at Derby Works in 1875. A development of the earlier 0-4-4WT of the 690 and 780 classes, the first Johnson engines had side tanks instead of back tanks.

The original Midland Railway (MR) numbers were 6, 15, 18, 137, 140–144, and 147. The 1907 numbers were 1226–1235. All passed to the LMS in 1923, but they were all withdrawn and scrapped by 1935.

An abortive attempt was made to preserve the first of the class (No. 1226, which was withdrawn in 1930) and repainted back into its original livery and renumbered it as 6. However, the new Chief Mechanical Engineer, William Stanier, ordered it scrapped in 1932.

0-4-4T
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and four trailing wheels on two axles. This type was only used for tank locomotives.

In the UK 0-4-4 tanks were mainly used for suburban or rural passenger duties. In America, the wheel arrangement became known as the Forney, after a specific design of 0-4-4s, the Forney locomotive, became heavily used on the narrow curves of elevated railways and other rapid transit lines.
Zaniéna
Zaniéna is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 174 square kilometers and includes ten villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 10,038. The village of Zaniéna, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 83 km west of Sikasso.

Sikasso
Sikasso (Bambara: ߛߌߞߊߛߏ tr. Sikaso) is a city in the south of Mali and the capital of the Sikasso Cercle and the Sikasso Region.  It is Mali's second largest city with 225,753 residents in the 2009 census. The city is a large centre and trading port, and was the capital of the Kénédougou Kingdom between 1877 and 1898.
VIP Brother season 4
VIP Brother 4, also referred to as VIP Brother 2012 was the fourth season of the reality show VIP Brother in Bulgaria and the ninth season of the Big Brother format overall. It commenced on Nova Television on September 16, 2012, and lasted for two months, ending on November 17, 2012. It was immediately followed by an All-Stars edition. It was the first season to air more than two years after the family edition and more than three years after the third celebrity edition. Niki Kanchev returned as the show's main presenter for the Live shows on Monday on Wednesday (evictions and nominations, respectively), with Aleksandra Sarchadjieva being the presenter for the daily episodes.

VIP Brother 4 finished on Day 63, making it the longest celebrity edition of the format in Bulgaria so far. It was also the first and so far, the only season with no voluntary exits by any Housemates. Orlin Pavlov won with Dimitar Kovachev "Funky" as the runner-up.

VIP Brother season 3
VIP Brother 3 was the third season of the celebrity version of the Bulgarian reality television show Big Brother. It was launched on Nova Television on 16 March 2009, and ended on 10 May 2009 with an eleven-hour season finale starting at 3:00 pm and finishing after 1:00 am.

This season was confirmed on 31 December 2008 by Niki Kanchev, who returned as a host. He announced that the season would start in March 2009. Later on the same day, Nova Television aired the first promo with the slogan Celebrities change destinies. The show is produced by Niko Tuparev (Old School Productions) again. All the money from SMS votes were donated to charity, and there was no cash prize for the winner. Also, this season was longer than the previous two. It lasted for 56 days (8 weeks), making it the longest VIP Brother season in Bulgaria so far.

Deyan Slavchev "Deo" was the winner.
Ahmed Salem
Ahmed Mohamed Abdallah Salem was an Egyptian 2 time Olympian as a footballer and Track & Field Champion. He played for Zamalek and Egypt. He competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics and the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Egypt Cup
The Egypt Cup (also known as the Egyptian FA Cup and formerly as the King Farouk Cup) is the main knockout football cup competition in Egypt. It is the oldest club competition in Africa. The first team to win the trophy was Zamalek in 1922. Al Ahly hold the record of total number of titles with a total of 39 titles, Zamalek also holds the record of being the only club to win the title for 4 consecutive years twice; from 1957 to 1960 and 2013 up to 2016.
Ted Rosenthal
Ted Rosenthal (born 1959) is an American jazz pianist. He was featured on David Sanborn's series Night Music, and has performed worldwide, both as a leader and as a sideman with many jazz greats, including Gerry Mulligan, Art Farmer, Phil Woods, Bob Brookmeyer, and Jon Faddis. Rosenthal has released 15 CDs as a leader, which include Great American Songbook standards, jazz classical compositions, and Rosenthal's own original compositions. In addition to his career as a performing artist, Rosenthal holds faculty positions at the Juilliard School, Manhattan School of Music, and The New School.

Gerry Mulligan
Gerald Joseph Mulligan (April 6, 1927 – January 20, 1996), also known as Jeru, was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, pianist, composer and arranger. Though primarily known as one of the leading jazz baritone saxophonists—playing the instrument with a light and airy tone in the era of cool jazz—Mulligan was also a significant arranger working with Claude Thornhill, Miles Davis, Stan Kenton, and others. His piano-less quartet of the early 1950s with trumpeter Chet Baker is still regarded as one of the best cool jazz ensembles. Mulligan was also a skilled pianist and played several other reed instruments. Several of his compositions, including "Walkin' Shoes" and "Five Brothers", have become standards.
Tsukushi (protein)
Tsukushi or tsukushin is an extracellular matrix protein of the small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. In humans it is encoded by the TSKU gene.

Tsukushi is a non-canonical class IV SLRP. It is involved in early animal development.

Proteoglycan
Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a "core protein" with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s). The point of attachment is a serine (Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a  tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence -Ser-Gly-X-Gly- (where X can be any amino acid residue but proline), although not every protein with this sequence has an attached glycosaminoglycan. The chains are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions due to the occurrence of sulfate and uronic acid groups. Proteoglycans occur in connective tissue.
Mianzini
Mianzini  (Kata ya Mianzini, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward  in the Temeke district of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The ward is bordered to the east by Mbagala Kuu and Toangoma wards. Mianzini is bordered to the south by Tambani ward of Mkuranga District in Pwani Region. To the west the ward is bordered by Chamazi and lastly to the north the ward is bordred by Charambe ward.  According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 100,649.

Temeke District, Dar es Salaam
Temeke District, officially the Temeke Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaa ya Temeke, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. Temeke is bordered to the south by the Mkuranga District of the Pwani Region, to the north by the Indian Ocean, and to the northwest by the Ilala District. Temeke's eastern boundary is shared by Kigamboni District.  The district covers an area of 150.4 km2 (58.1 sq mi). The district is comparable in size to the land area of Cook Islands. The administrative seat is Miburani. The district is home to the University of Dar es Salaam's School of Education,  the National Stadium, the largest stadium in the country, Port of Dar es Salaam the largest port in the country, and The Chamazi Stadium the largest privately owned stadium. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population of the district as 1,205,949.
Malpelo Ridge
The Malpelo Ridge (Spanish: Dorsal de Malpelo) is an elevated part of Nazca plate off the Pacific coast of Colombia. It is a faulted chain of volcanic rock of tholeiitic composition. The Malpelo Ridge may have originated simultaneously as Carnegie Ridge, and thus represent an old continuation of Cocos Ridge. It is thought to have acquired it present position due to tectonic movements along the Panama fracture zone.

Cocos Ridge
5°00′N 86°00′W﻿ / ﻿5.0°N 86.0°W﻿ / 5.0; -86.0

The Cocos Ridge is an aseismic ridge within the Cocos plate that runs northeastwards from just north of the Galápagos islands to the Middle America Trench offshore Panama. It records the effects of the Galápagos hotspot on the Cocos plate since the establishment of the Cocos–Nazca spreading centre during the break-up of the Farallon plate towards the end of the Oligocene epoch. It is the counterpart to the Carnegie Ridge, which developed on the Nazca plate.

Cocos Island is the only emergent part of the ridge. The volcanic activity that formed the island is much younger than the part of the ridge where it is located.
Félix Ormazabal
Félix Ormazabal Askasibar (5 May 1940 – 15 January 2022) was a Spanish politician. A member of the Basque Nationalist Party, he served as Deputy General of Álava from 1995 to 1999. He was also a member of the Basque Parliament in 1980 and again from 1984 to 1995. He died in Vitoria-Gasteiz on 15 January 2022, at the age of 81.

Araia, Álava
Araia is a village in the province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It is the capital of the municipality of Asparrena. It has a population of 1,218 inhabitants (2006) and has an altitude of 604 meters. One of medieval roads from the port of San Adrián to the Plains of Alava passed through Araia. It was an important pilgrimage and trade route.