hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
White House china
The White House china refers to the various patterns of china (porcelain) used for serving and eating food in the White House, home of the president of the United States. Different china services have been ordered and used by different presidential administrations. The White House collection of china is housed in the White House China Room. Not every administration created its own service, but portions of all china services created for the White House are now in the China Room collection. Some of the older china services are used for small private dinners in the President's Dining Room on the Second Floor.

Seal of the president of the United States
The seal of the president of the United States is used to mark correspondence from the president of the United States to the U.S. Congress, and is also used as a symbol of the presidency itself. The central design, based on the Great Seal of the United States, is the official coat of arms of the U.S. presidency and also appears on the presidential flag.

The presidential seal developed by custom over a long period before being defined in law, and its early history remains obscure. The use of presidential seals goes back at least to 1850, and probably much earlier. The basic design of today's seal originated with Rutherford B. Hayes, who was the first to use the coat of arms on White House invitations in 1877. The precise design dates from 1945, when President Truman specified it in Executive Order 9646. The only changes since were in 1959 and 1960, which added 49th and 50th stars to the circle following the admissions of Alaska and Hawaii as states.
Selva Rasalingam
Selva Rasalingam (born in October 15, 1968) is a British actor. He has appeared on stage in London's West End and the Royal Shakespeare Company, on television in Marie-Antoinette, Doctor Who, Luther and Hustle, and film in Damascus Cover, Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time and Skyfall, on which he was a member of the stunts cast. He played the role of Jesus in the 2014 version of The Gospel of John.

Kudos (production company)
Kudos is a British film and television production company. It has produced television series for the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky, Amazon and Netflix and its productions include Tin Star, Humans, Broadchurch, The Tunnel, Grantchester, Apple Tree Yard, Utopia, Spooks (US: MI5), Hustle and Life on Mars/Ashes to Ashes. In 2007, it was voted Best Independent Production Company by Broadcast magazine. Formed in 1992, since 2007 it has been part of the Shine Group. In 2007, it also set up the film unit, Kudos Pictures.  In 2011, the Shine Group was 100% acquired by News Corporation and was part of the 50–50 joint-venture Endemol Shine Group in 2015. On 3 July 2020, France-based Banijay bought the studio through former's acquisition of Endemol Shine Group.
Shijing Township, Anhui
Shijing Township (Chinese: 石镜乡)  is a township-level division located in Anqing, Anhui, China. Covering an area of 48 kilometres (30 mi), it had a population of approximately 24,000 as of 2004. The township has jurisdiction over 12 village committees and host industries related to building materials, brick manufacturing, grain and oil processing and plants. Agricultural production in Shijing Township includes crops such as rice, oilseeds, and tea.

Anqing
Anqing (simplified Chinese: 安庆; traditional Chinese: 安慶; pinyin: Ānqìng, also Yicheng, Nganking and formerly Hwaining, now the name of Huaining County) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Anhui province, People's Republic of China. Its population was 4,165,284 as of the 2020 census, with 728,501 living in the built-up (or metro) area made up of three urban districts. Anqing is famous as the birthplace of Chen Duxiu, one of the founding fathers of the Chinese Communist Party, who served as the first General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party from 1921 to 1928. Huangmei opera, a renowned Chinese opera style, originated in the city of Anqing. This captivating art form gained immense popularity since the 1950s, largely attributed to the exceptional talents of local actors and actresses from Anqing. Huangmei opera is a significant cultural treasure that defines the rich heritage of the city of Anqing.
Old Catonsville Historic District
Old Catonsville Historic District is a national historic district in Catonsville, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It was laid out with the construction of the electric railway and is overwhelmingly residential, with three churches (one with a school), a modern public library, and an Art Deco water tower. Architectural styles in the district range from mid- to late-19th century vernacular "I-houses" to late-19th and early-20th century styles such as Queen Anne, Bungalow, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial, Tudor Revival, and Craftsman. A large number of these dwellings have freestanding garages, typically finished in a like manner to their houses.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Catonsville, Maryland
Catonsville (/ˈkeɪtənzˌvɪl/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 44,701 at the 2020 US Census. The community is a streetcar suburb of Baltimore along the city's western border. The town is known for its proximity to the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley State Park, making it a regional mountain biking hub. The town is also notable as a local hotbed of music, earning it the official nickname of "Music City, Maryland." Catonsville contains the majority of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a major public research university with close to 14,000 students.
Capocollo
Capocollo (Italian: [kapoˈkɔllo]) or coppa (Italian: [ˈkɔppa, ˈkoppa]) is an Italian pork salume made from the dry-cured muscle running from the neck to the fourth or fifth rib of the pork shoulder or neck. It is a whole-muscle salume, dry cured, and typically sliced very thinly. It is similar to the more widely known cured ham or prosciutto, because they are both pork-derived cold cuts used in similar dishes. It is not brined as ham typically is.

Ham
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. As a processed meat, the term ham includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed.

Ham is made around the world, including a number of regional specialties. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection.
Ictis
Ictis (Ancient Greek: Ἴκτιν, romanized: Íktin) was a British island described as a tin trading centre in the Bibliotheca historica of the Sicilian-Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, writing in the first century BC.

While Ictis is widely accepted to have been an island somewhere off the southern coast of what is now England, scholars continue to debate its precise location. Candidates include St Michael's Mount and Looe Island off the coast of Cornwall, the Mount Batten peninsula and Burgh Island in Devon, Hengistbury Head in Dorset and the Isle of Wight further to the east.

Timaeus (historian)
Timaeus of Tauromenium (Ancient Greek: Τιμαῖος; born 356 or 350 BC; died c. 260 BC) was an ancient Greek historian. He was widely regarded by ancient authors as the most influential historian between the time of Ephorus (4th century BC) and Polybius (2nd century BC). In the words of scholar Lionel I. C. Pearson, Timaeus "maintained his position as the standard authority on the history of the Greek West for nearly five centuries."
Brooke Ammerman
Brooke Reimer (née Ammerman; born July 13, 1990) is an American retired ice hockey forward. She scored the first goal in Metropolitan Riveters franchise history in the inaugural game of the National Women's Hockey League, on October 11, 2015.

Jochen Reimer
Jochen Reimer (born September 6, 1985) is a German former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He previously played with the Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers after a second tenure with EHC München from Grizzly Adams Wolfsburg on April 20, 2011.

After three seasons with the Ice Tigers, Reimer left as a free agent to sign a one-year deal in splitting the starting duties with Timo Pielmeier at ERC Ingolstadt on May 31, 2017.

On November 6, 2020, Reimer announced his retirement from professional hockey after 14 seasons.

He participated at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Germany men's national ice hockey team.
Sandvikens IF
Sandvikens IF is a Swedish football club located in Sandviken. The club, formed 6 June 1918, has played 21 seasons in the highest Swedish league, but is in the second highest Swedish league, Superettan. Sandvikens IF are affiliated to the Gestriklands Fotbollförbund.

As Sandviken is an industrial community, dominated by the steel and metal corporation Sandvik, the team has been much influenced by this. The name of the home ground, Jernvallen, would translate approximately as The Iron Ground, while the nicknames Järngänget and Stålmännen are self-explaining in Swedish ("The Iron gang" and "The Men of Steel"). Stålmännen has a double meaning, as it also is the plural form of Stålmannen, the Swedish name for Superman.

Gestriklands Fotbollförbund
The Gestriklands Fotbollförbund (Gestrikland Football Association) is one of the 24 district organisations of the Swedish Football Association. It administers lower tier football in Gästrikland in Norrland.
John Freely
John Freely (26 June 1926 – 20 April 2017) was an American physicist, teacher, and author of popular travel and history books on Istanbul, Athens, Venice, Turkey, Greece, and the Ottoman Empire.

He was the father of writer and Turko-English literary translator Maureen Freely.

I.B. Tauris
I.B. Tauris is an educational publishing house and imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing. It was an independent publishing house with offices in London and New York City until its purchase in May 2018 by Bloomsbury Publishing.

It specialises in non-fiction books on Asian studies, the history of art, history of the Middle Ages and the modern period, politics and international relations, the Middle East and Islamic world generally, religious studies, geography and environment, and visual culture (including film, photography, and contemporary art). Its books are aimed primarily at the specialist market, including academics and students of higher education. The company also sells to a general audience.
11 Lacertae
11 Lacertae is a star in the northern constellation of Lacerta. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.46. It lies at a distance of about 350 light years and has an absolute magnitude -0.54. The object is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −10.9 km/s.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K2.5 III. It is a red clump giant, meaning it is fusing helium in its core after passing through the red giant branch. The star is 3.2 billion years old with 1.38 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 39 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 280 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,352 K.

Lacerta
Lacerta is one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union. Its name is Latin for lizard. A small, faint constellation, it was defined in 1687 by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Its brightest stars form a "W" shape similar to that of Cassiopeia, and it is thus sometimes referred to as 'Little Cassiopeia'. It is located between Cygnus, Cassiopeia and Andromeda on the northern celestial sphere. The northern part lies on the Milky Way.
Siege of Theodosia (389 BC)
The siege of Theodosia in 389 BC was the first of three sieges carried out against the city of Theodosia (modern day Feodosia) by the rulers of the Bosporan Kingdom, who attempted time and time again to annex the city to their dominions during the long Bosporan-Heracleote War. The first of these sieges was carried out by Satyros I, the father of Leukon I.

Feodosia
Feodosia (Ukrainian: Феодосія, Теодосія, Feodosiia, Teodosiia; Russian: Феодосия, tr. Feodosiya), also called in English Theodosia (from Greek: Θεοδοσία), is a city on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Feodosia serves as the administrative center of Feodosia Municipality, one of the regions into which Crimea is divided. During much of its history, the city was a significant settlement known as Caffa (Ligurian: Cafà) or Kaffa (Old Crimean Tatar/Ottoman Turkish: کفه‎; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe). According to the 2014 census, its population was 69,145.
Bray Hammond
Bray Hammond (November 20, 1886 – July 20, 1968) was an American financial historian and assistant secretary to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in 1944–1950. He won the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for History for Banks and Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War (1957).  He was educated at Stanford University.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography
The Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography was a biographical dictionary of the nineteenth century, published by William Mackenzie in Glasgow.

The second edition, which was published in 1876, was released in two sets. One was a set of 28 volumes (parts), priced at 4 shillings each. The other set was in 14 volumes (divisions), in elegant cloth, bevel boards, cut edges, and priced at 10 shillings each.

Biographical dictionary
A biographical dictionary is a type of encyclopedic dictionary limited to biographical information. Many attempt to cover the major personalities of a country (with limitations, such as living persons only, in Who's Who, or deceased people only, in the Dictionary of National Biography). Others are specialized, in that they cover important names in a subject field, such as architecture or engineering.
Duncan Marshall
Duncan McLean Marshall (September 24, 1872 – January 16, 1946) was a Canadian journalist, publisher, rancher and politician in the provinces of Ontario and Alberta.

Marshall represented the electoral district of Olds in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, and served in the Cabinets of Premiers Alexander Cameron Rutherford, Arthur Sifton, and Charles Stuart as Alberta's second Minister of Agriculture from 1909 to 1921. Marshall later served as an Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament in Ontario for the electoral district of Peel, and was appointed to the Cabinet of Premier Mitchell Hepburn, serving as the Ontario's Minister of Agriculture from 1934 to 1937. Marshall was then appointed to the Senate of Canada in 1938, serving as a Senator from Ontario until his death in 1946.

Mitchell Hepburn
Mitchell Frederick Hepburn (August 12, 1896 – January 5, 1953) was the 11th premier of Ontario, from 1934 to 1942. He was the youngest premier in Ontario history, becoming premier at age 37. He was the only Ontario Liberal Party leader in the 20th century to lead his party to two majorities.
2016 Internazionali Femminili di Brescia
The 2016 Internazionali Femminili di Brescia was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Brescia, Italy, on 30 May–5 June 2016.

2016 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2016 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $100,000.
First League of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
The First League of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County or Prva županijska nogometna liga Primorsko-goranske županije (Croatian), or simply 1. ŽNL Primorsko-goranska, is the sixth level league in the Croatian football league system. The league was formed in 1992. First League of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County covers clubs from the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The winner is promoted to 4. HNL Rijeka.

Četvrta NL Rijeka
The Fourth Football League Rijeka or Četvrta nogometna liga Rijeka (Croatian), or simply 4. NL Rijeka, is a fifth tier league competition in the Croatian football league system. The league was formed in 2014, after two divisions of 3. HNL were merged into a new 3. HNL West, resulting in relegation of numerous clubs. The league covers clubs from Istria County, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and Lika-Senj county.
Henry Ruiz
Henry Ildefenso Ruiz Hernández (born 1940) is a Nicaraguan politician. He is a former guerilla and one of the nine commandants of the Sandinista (FSLN) Directorate, announced in Havana in March 1979, that overthrew the Somoza regime in July 1979. With Tomás Borge and Bayardo Arce, he represented the Prolonged Popular War (GPP) faction. Following the revolution, he was Minister of Planning from 1979 to 1985 when he became Minister of Foreign Cooperation.

He later left the FSLN, joining Sergio Ramírez and Dora María Téllez to lead the Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS).

Tomás Borge
Tomás Borge Martínez (13 August 1930 – 30 April 2012), often spelled as Thomas Borge in American newspapers, was a cofounder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua and was Interior Minister of Nicaragua during one of the administrations of Daniel Ortega. He was also a renowned statesman, writer, and politician. Tomás Borge also held the titles of "Vice-Secretary and President of the FSLN", member of the Nicaraguan Parliament and National Congress, and Ambassador to Peru. Considered a hardliner, he led the "prolonged people's war" tendency within the FSLN until his death.

In 2010, he stated in an interview: "I am proud to be a Sandinista, to continue being faithful to the red and black flag of our party, to continue being faithful to our revolutionary organization; and to die proud of raising the front, and not having been disloyal to my principles, nor disloyal with my friends nor my companions, nor with my flag, nor with my cries of war."
1929 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German author Thomas Mann (1875–1955) "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature." He is the fourth German author to be awarded the literature prize after Paul von Heyse in 1910.

1910 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German writer Paul Heyse (1830–1914) "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories." He is the third German recipient of the prize after Rudolf Christoph Eucken in 1908.
Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the rate that the vector field alters the volume in an infinitesimal neighborhood of each point. (In 2D this "volume" refers to area.) More precisely, the divergence at a point is the rate that the flow of the vector field modifies a volume about the point in the limit, as a small volume shrinks down to the point.

As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value.

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.  This is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the requirement of positive-definiteness is relaxed.

Every tangent space of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space.

A special case used in general relativity is a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold for modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike.
Army of One (The Sopranos)
"Army of One" is the 39th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the finale of the show's third season. It was written by David Chase and Lawrence Konner, and directed by John Patterson, and originally aired on May 20, 2001.

A.J. Soprano
Anthony John Soprano Jr. is a fictional character on the HBO television series The Sopranos, portrayed by Robert Iler. He is the son of Carmela and Tony Soprano and the younger brother of Meadow Soprano.
Badges of honor in Iran
This is a list about all badges of honor in Iran. The list contains badges and medals of the monarchy and government of the Qajar dynasty, Pahlavi dynasty and Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran which have special ratings and classes.

Order of Art
Order of Art (Persian: نشان هنر) is one of the most honorable and customary badges in the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces, which is awarded to encourage activists of the Armed Forces in cultural and artistic affairs.
Steep Cliff Cave
Steep Cliff Cave (Thai: Tham Pa Chan) is an archaeological site in Pang Mapha district, Mae Hong Son Province, northwestern Thailand. It is located on a narrow ledge on a steep cliff, which would have been heavily forested during its period of occupation, two kilometres from the Pai River. The site was used by the Hoabinhian culture as a station for butchering the carcasses of large animals between 5,500 BC and 3,500 BC.

Pai River
The Pai River (Thai: แม่น้ำปาย, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm paːj]; RTGS: Maenam Pai) is a river that originates in the mountains of the Daen Lao Range, in Pai district, Mae Hong Son province, Thailand. It flows first in a north–south direction and then east–west, down to Mueang Mae Hong Son district and across the Thai/Myanmar border. The river flows into the Salween River in Kayah State, Myanmar. It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) long.

In the Lanna language (), "Pai" means "male elephant", comparable to the word "plai" in the central Thai language. There is a story that in 1477, King Tilokaraj, ruler of the Lanna Kingdom, ordered his cousin Prince Si Chaiya to attack Ban Don. Meanwhile, one of his white elephants fled, and it was later found swimming in this river.

Pai River is popular for whitewater rafting. Rapids on the river range from class I to class IV on the International Scale of River Difficulty.
Harsha de Silva
Harsha de Silva (Sinhala: හර්ෂ ද සිල්වා born 30 August 1964) is a Sri Lankan economist and politician. He is a Member of Parliament for the Colombo District and former Non-Cabinet Minister of Economic Reforms and Public Distribution; State Minister of National Policies and Economic Affairs; and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He is a member of Samagi Jana Balawegaya.

Deputy minister (Sri Lanka)
In Sri Lanka, a Deputy Minister (Sinhala: නියෝජ්‍ය අමාත්‍ය,Tamil: துணை மந்திரி) is a politician a in a government Ministry. A deputy minister serves as a deputy to a Cabinet Minister and is ranked below a State Minister.