hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aftermath (2010 TV series)
Aftermath is a 2010 Canadian-American documentary television series created by History Canada and produced by Cream Productions. It aired on National Geographic in the United States.

Aftermath consists of thought experiments looking at what would happen to Earth if extremely distant events and changes occurred in the present. The series is a follow-up to the TV special Aftermath: Population Zero.

In 2010, the series was nominated for a 2010 Gemini Award for best documentary.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Wesertal
Wesertal (German pronunciation: [ˈveːzɐtaːl], lit. 'Weser Valley') is a municipality in the district of Kassel, in Hesse, Germany. It was created with effect from 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former municipalities of Wahlsburg and Oberweser. It takes its name from the river Weser, that flows through the municipality.

Kassel (district)
Kassel district (German: Landkreis Kassel) is a district in the north of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Northeim, Göttingen, Werra-Meißner, Schwalm-Eder, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Höxter. The independent city of Kassel is nearly completely surrounded by the district.
Wen Wu (artist)
Wen Wu (born 23 May 1978) is a portrait painter from Qingdao, China, residing in London.

Wu studied art at Tsinghua University. She moved to London in 2004 to complete an MA at Guildhall School of Fine Art (now part of London Metropolitan University).

Her painting Venus as a Boy was exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery in 2011 and received the BP Portrait Award for 2011. She had a solo exhibition with Riflemaker Gallery in 2017.

BP Portrait Award
The BP Portrait Award was an annual portraiture competition held at the National Portrait Gallery in London, England. It is the successor to the John Player Portrait Award. It is the most important portrait prize in the world, and is reputedly one of the most prestigious competitions in contemporary art. Starting in 2024, the National Portrait Gallery's portrait competition resumed under the new sponsorship of international law firm Herbert Smith Freehills.
Pressure-volume curves
In ecology, pressure-volume curves describe the relationship between total water potential (Ψt) and relative water content (R) of living organisms. These values are widely used in research on plant-water relations and provide valuable information on the turgor, osmotic and elastic properties of plant tissues.

According to the Boyle–v'ant Hoff Relation, the product of osmotic potential and volume of solution should be a constant for any given amount of osmotically active solutes in an ideal osmotic system.

= A constant

is osmotic potential and  is volume of solution.

This can then be manipulated to a linear relation which describes the ideal situation:

=  A constant

Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it was not separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules will continue until osmotic equilibrium is attained.
John Macurdy
John Macurdy (né John Edward McCurdy; (1929-03-18)March 18, 1929 – (2020-05-07)May 7, 2020) was an American operatic bass, who sang at the Metropolitan Opera 1,001 times from 1962 to 2000 (and also sang numerous performances in other opera houses).  Among his teachers was the contralto Elisabeth Wood of New Orleans, who was also the pedagogue of Norman Treigle.

Opera in New Orleans
Opera has long been part of the musical culture of New Orleans, Louisiana. Operas have regularly been performed in the city since the 1790s, and since the early 19th century, New Orleans has had a resident company regularly performing opera in addition to theaters hosting traveling performers and companies.
Forbin
Forbin is a French surname.

Members of an ancient Provence family (which now has many branches, the principal ones being the Forbin des Lasarts branch and the Forbin Janson branch) bearing the name include:

Palamède de Forbin (died 1508), founder of the house

Toussaint de Forbin-Janson (1625–1713), called the cardinal de Janson, bishop

Claude de Forbin (1656-1733), French naval commander

Count de Forbin, officer of the French Navy who served under Suffren during the War of American Independence

Jacques II de Forbin-Janson (1680–1741), Archbishop of Arles

Joseph de Forbin (died 1728)

Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin (1779–1841), French painter

Charles-Auguste-Marie-Joseph de Forbin-Janson (1785–1844), Bishop of Nancy

Others with this surname include:

Alfred Forbin (1872-1956), stamp dealer

The fictional character Charles A. Forbin in the film Colossus: The Forbin Project

Location:

Hôtel de Forbin, a hôtel particulier on the Cours Mirabeau in Aix-en-Provence.

Palamède de Forbin
Palamède de Forbin (died 1508), seigneur of Solliès, nicknamed "the Great", was president of the Chambre des comptes and counsellor to René d'Anjou. He helped this prince decide to cede his estates to Louis XI.  Louis then became his master, and made him governor of Provence in 1481.
Upper Colo
Upper Colo is a locality of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the City of Hawkesbury west of Colo and south of Colo Heights, on the Colo River, a tributary of the Hawkesbury River. It was previously known as Colo Upper.

Upper Colo was counted as part of Mountain Lagoon at the 2011 census, which had a population of 327.

Looking north toward the Colo River, Upper Colo River NSW

Upper Colo, New South Wales, looking east

Upper Colo River Anglican Church, Australia

City of Hawkesbury
The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area that is located on the far northwest fringe of the Greater Sydney area in New South Wales, Australia. The local government area is located in the Hawkesbury and Blue Mountains regions. Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River. Major towns in the City of Hawkesbury are Windsor and Richmond. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr. Les Sheather, an independent.
Kapiapia Rock
Kapiapia Rock is a tiny island about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) offshore from Waikaretu, on the Waikato coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is less than 20 metres (66 ft) above sea level.

The rock is formed of Pliocene Ngatutura basalt, part of the Ngatutura volcanic field. The island has sometimes been called Black Rock.

Birds nesting on the rock include Black shags (kawau) Phalacrocorax carbo, Spotted shags (pārekareka) Stictacarbo punctatus, New Zealand pipit (pīhoihoi) Anthus novaeseelandiae and Dunnock (hedge sparrow) Prunella modularis and molluscs on the rock include limpets (ngakihi) Notoacmea scopulina.

The rock is associated with a legend about local weather, the brothers Rakapawhara and Te Atai-o-rongo and revenge by the latter's son, Kaihu, after a fishing trip near the rock had ended in his father's death.

Ngatutura volcanic field
The extinct Ngatutura volcanic field that was active between 1.54 and 1.83 million years ago  is one of four volcanic fields in an intraplate back arc relationship with the still active Hauraki Rift and the presently dormant Auckland volcanic field. The other volcanic fields, which are part of the Auckland Volcanic Province, are the oldest, Okete to the south near Raglan in late Pliocene times (2.7-1.8 Ma). and to the north the younger South Auckland volcanic field.
Elmo Fernando
Elmo Fernando (died 11 August 2016) was a popular announcer with Radio Ceylon and subsequently the Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation. Fernando was an excellent reader of the news. He joined Radio Ceylon, the oldest radio station in South Asia at a time when it was known as the 'King of the Airwaves' in the 1950s and 1960s. Millions tuned into the station from across the Indian sub-continent. When he was at Radio Ceylon he was mentored by the veteran broadcaster Vernon Corea.

Fernando left the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation in the 1970s and joined an overseas Catholic radio station. He was a Colombo Correspondent of the BBC.

Vernon Corea
Vernon Corea (11 September 1927 – 23 September 2002) was a pioneer radio broadcaster with 45 years of public service broadcasting both in Sri Lanka and the UK. He joined Radio Ceylon, South Asia's oldest radio station, in 1956 and later the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. During his time he presented some of the most popular radio shows in South Asia, including The Maliban Show, Dial-a-Disc, Holiday Choice, Two For the Money, Take It Or Leave It, Saturday Stars, To Each His Own, Kiddies Corner, and Old Folks at Home. He was well known not only in Sri Lanka, but right across the Indian Sub-Continent from the late 1950s to the 1970s – this was in the heyday of Radio Ceylon, the oldest radio station in South Asia.
Old Manor Hospital, Salisbury
The Old Manor Hospital was a psychiatric hospital in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. It was established in the early 19th century as a private licensed house called Fisherton House or Fisherton House Asylum, which became the largest private madhouse in the United Kingdom. In 1924, following a change of proprietors, it was renamed Old Manor Hospital and in 1955 it was amalgamated into the National Health Service. From 1813 to 1955 it was owned and managed by members of the same family. The Old Manor Hospital closed in 2003 and was replaced by Fountain Way, a smaller, modern, psychiatric hospital on part of the same site. In 2014 the site was acquired by Quantum Group for development as a residential estate and the conversion of the main building to a hotel.

Broadmoor Hospital
Broadmoor Hospital is a high-security psychiatric hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England.

It is the oldest of England's three high-security psychiatric hospitals, the other two being Ashworth Hospital near Liverpool and Rampton Secure Hospital in Nottinghamshire. The hospital's catchment area consists of four National Health Service regions: London, Eastern, South East and South West. It is managed by the West London NHS Trust.
USS Sturdy (PC-460)
USS Sturdy (PC-460/PYc-50) was a yacht converted to a patrol boat acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of patrolling the coastal waters of the U.S. East Coast during World War II. Her primary task was to guard the coastal area against German submarines.

The second ship to be named Sturdy by the Navy, ex-Elda was built in 1930 by the Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp., Morris Heights, Bronx, New York. The yacht was purchased from Mr. Arthur Davis of New York City on 4 September 1940 and converted for Navy use by the New York Navy Yard. She was commissioned as PC-460 on 16 October 1940.

Balboa, Panama
Balboa is a district of Panama City, located at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. It was the capital of the Panama Canal Zone under American administration. Today, the Panama Canal Authority has its main headquarters (Edificio de La Administración del Canal de Panamá) on Balboa Heights.
Waukauyengtipu
Waukauyengtipu (or Waukauyeng-tipu, meaning "the mountain of the place of the butterfly" in the local Indigenous Arekuna language) is a mountain in South America situated in most part within the boundaries of the Paruima territory in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region of Guyana. The major part of its area is approx. 1,520 metres (4,990 ft) with some areas elevated up to approx. 1800m a.s.l., although its actual elevation has never been accurately measured and as for now can only be estimated from satellite imagery. The plateau belongs to the westernmost area in Guyana and is also one of the highest mountains in the country.

Cuyuni-Mazaruni
Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Region 7)  is a region of Guyana. Its capital is Bartica, with villages including Issano, Kartabo, Kamarang, and Imbaimadai.

It borders the regions of Barima-Waini, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara and Pomeroon-Supenaam to the north, the region of Upper Demerara-Berbice to the east, the region of Potaro-Siparuni, and borders the Brazilian state of Roraima to the south.

It covers an area of 47,213 km². Before the 1980 administrative reform most of the area belonged to the Mazaruni-Potaro district.
Christliche Pfadfinderschaft Deutschlands (1976)
The Christliche Pfadfinderschaft Deutschlands e.V. (CPD) is a German Protestant Scout association established in 1976, after the 1973 fusion of Bünde Christliche Pfadfinderschaft Deutschlands, Evangelischer Mädchen-Pfadfinderbund and Bund Christlicher Pfadfinderinnen to form the Verband Christlicher Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder (VCP) led to dissatisfaction with the development of the VCP. This conservative movement then formed a new association which largely relies on the traditions of the original CPD.

Verband Christlicher Pfadfinder*innen
The Verband Christlicher Pfadfinder*innen (roughly: Association of Christian Guides and Scouts, formerly Verband Christlicher Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder, VCP) is a German Protestant coed Scouting and Guiding association. According to the VCP, the organization has about 22,000 members.

It is a member of the Ring deutscher Pfadfinder*innenverbände (Federation of German Scouting and Guiding Associations, rdp), which in turn is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) and of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).

In 2023 the organisation voted to rename itself to "Verband Christlicher Pfadfinder*innen" to make the name gender neutral.
Sverrir Ingi Ingason
Sverrir Ingi Ingason (born 5 August 1993) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Greek Super League club Panathinaikos and the Iceland national team.

Sverrir previously played for Icelandic club Breiðablik UBK before transferring to Viking FK. After a successful spell at the Norwegian club he moved to Lokeren of Belgium.

An Icelandic international, he participated at the UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup with the senior team.

2020–21 Greek Football Cup
The 2020–21 Greek Football Cup was the 79th edition of the Greek Football Cup. It took place with the participation of the 14 clubs from the Super League 1, as there was no competitive action in the lower divisions (Super League 2, Football League and Gamma Ethniki) until early January due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Hellenic Football Federation decided that the Cup would be held with the participation of teams only from the Super League, which was running normally. The winner of the Cup qualified for the next season's Europa Conference League third qualifying round.
Kaura Lighthouse
Kaura Lighthouse (Norwegian: Kaura fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Åfjord Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 22-metre (72 ft) tall tower is located on the small island of Kaura in the mouth of the Brandsfjorden about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the village of Bessaker and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of the village of Roan. The lighthouse was built in 1931 and automated in 1959.

The red, cylindrical, cast iron tower has one white stripe around it and a white, stone foundation. The light sits at the top, at an elevation of 30 metres (98 ft) above sea level. The 4,050-candela light emits two flashes every 10 seconds, flashing white, red, or green depending on direction. It can be seen for 10.8 nautical miles (20.0 km; 12.4 mi). There is a concrete boathouse on the shore of the small island that is connected to the lighthouse by a 40-metre (130 ft) long concrete bridge.

Åfjord Municipality
Åfjord is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Årnes. Other villages in the municipality include Revsnes, Roan, Bessaker, Harsvika, and By. Åfjord is located on the northwestern side of the Fosen peninsula, northwest of the city of Trondheim.

The 1,329-square-kilometre (513 sq mi) municipality is the 74th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åfjord Municipality is the 197th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,339. The municipality's population density is 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.5/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.
KXTN (AM)
KXTN (1350 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a Tejano radio format. Licensed to San Antonio, Texas, United States, the station serves the San Antonio metropolitan area. The station is owned and operated by Latino Media Network, under the license of Latino Media Network, LLC. Its transmitter are located separately in Northwest San Antonio.

Tejano music
Tejano music (Spanish: música tejana), also known as Tex-Mex music, is a popular music style fusing Mexican influences. Its evolution began in northern Mexico (a variation of regional Mexican music known as norteño).

It reached a larger audience in the late 20th century with the popularity of performers and groups such as Mazz, Selena, La Mafia, Ram Herrera, La Sombra, Elida Reyna, Elsa García, Laura Canales, Intocable, Jay Perez, Emilio Navaira, Esteban "Steve" Jordan, Shelly Lares, David Lee Garza y Los Musicales, Jennifer Peña and La Fiebre.
Hotwheels sisyphus
Hotwheels sisyphus is a species of Chinese ground spiders (family Gnaphosidae). It is the only species in the genus Hotwheels. It was first described by Bo Liu and Feng Zhang, both from Hebei University, in 2024, and has only been found in China.

Ground spider
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with about 2,500 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans.
12th & I station
12th & I station is an at-grade light rail station on the Blue Line of the SacRT light rail system operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. The station is located alongside 12th Street at its intersection with I Street, after which the station is named, in the city of Sacramento, California.

Due to the tracks running in both directions on a one-way thoroughfare (12th Street is one-way southbound), wheelchair users can only access northbound trains from the adjacent curbside platform.

The stops are located adjacent to the former Sacramento Union Traction Depot, where the Sacramento Northern Railway interchanged with Central California Traction Company interurban services.

Blue Line (SacRT)
The Blue Line is a light rail line in the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SacRT) system.  It runs primarily north–south in Sacramento between Watt/I-80 and Cosumnes River College.  Along the route, the Blue Line serves North Highlands, North Sacramento, Downtown and South Sacramento.  Portions of the Blue Line run along the original initial alignment between Watt/I-80 and 16th Street stations.
Guna Airlines
Guna Airlines Pvt. Ltd. (Nepali: गुण एयरलाइन्स) was an airline based in Nepal operating domestic scheduled flights from its base at Tribhuvan International Airport. Guna Airlines was initially formed in 2009, when it was part of the Guna Group a Nepalese conglomerate of companies. After ceasing operations in 2013 and transferring its operations to Simrik Airlines, the airline restarted operations in 2021 while retransferring operations back into the initial airline company.

Nepalese rupee
The Nepalese rupee (नेपाली रुपैयाँ (Nepali); sign: रु; code: NPR) is the official currency and legal tender of Nepal. It is also sometimes abbreviated as N₨ or Re./Rs. informally. The rupee is subdivided into 100 paisa, although coins of lower denominations are rarely used today. It is issued and regulated by the Nepal Rastra Bank, the central bank of Nepal.

The Nepalese rupee was introduced in 1932, replacing the silver-based mohar at a rate of 2 mohar = 1 rupee. Since 1994, it has been officially pegged to the Indian rupee at a rate of रु1.60 = ₹1, having previously been pegged at रु1.45 = ₹1.

In 2024, the Nepalese rupee is accepted for domestic transactions only within Nepal and is not legally circulated outside its borders. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank and subject to strict limits.
Hazari Prasad Dwivedi
Hazari Prasad Dwivedi (Devanagari: हज़ारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी) (19 August 1907 – 19 May 1979) was a Hindi novelist, literary historian, essayist, critic and scholar. He penned numerous novels, collections of essays, historical research on medieval religious movements of India especially Kabir and Natha Sampradaya, and historical outlines of Hindi literature.

Besides Hindi, he was master of many languages including Sanskrit, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati as well as Pali, Prakrit, and Apabhramsa.

He had a great knowledge of Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit.  As a student of Sanskrit, steeped in the Sastras, he gave a new evaluation to Sahitya-sastra and he is be considered as a great commentator on the textual tradition of the Indian literature.

He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1957 for his contribution to Hindi literature, and the 1973 Sahitya Akademi Award for his collection of essays, 'Alok Parva'.

Shantiniketan
Shantiniketan (IPA: [ʃantiniketɔn]) is a neighbourhood of Bolpur town in the Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, approximately 152 km north of Kolkata. It was established by Debendranath Tagore, and later expanded by his son, Rabindranath Tagore whose vision became what is now a university town with the creation of Visva-Bharati. It is also the birthplace of Indian Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen, who was also an alumnus of the school.

It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee in 2023.
Literature of Andorra
The literature of Andorra is part of Catalan literature, that is, of literature in the Catalan language. It is the literature represented by the writings created in the Principality of Andorra or by Andorran authors.

Teresa Colom i Pich
Teresa Colom i Pich (born 12 December 1973) is an Andorran author and poet. She won the Miquel Martí i Pol prize in 2000 and the Maria Àngels Anglada prize in 2016. She has published several collections of poetry, a collection of short stories, and a novel. Colom is the director of the Fundació Ramon Llull.