hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manfredi family
The Manfredi were a noble family of northern Italy, who, with some interruptions, held the seigniory of the city of Faenza in Romagna from the beginning of the 14th century to the end of the 15th century. The family also held the seigniory of Imola for several decades at the same time.

The first mention of the Manfredi family in Faenza is dated 1050. The family members were patricians of the city and consuls. The first Manfredi lord of Faenza was Francesco I Manfredi, son of Alberghetto and the last was Astorre Manfredi IV.

Guidantonio Manfredi
Guidantonio Manfredi (also known as Guidaccio) (1407 – June 20, 1448) was lord of Faenza and Imola in the early 15th century. He was also a condottiero.

He was born in Faenza, the son of Gian Galeazzo I Manfredi, and inherited his lands in Romagna, ruling first in association with his brother, Carlo, and later alone. From 1439 he was also lord of Imola and Modigliana. He was married with Bianchina Trinci, daughter of Niccolò, lord of Foligno, until her assassination in 1441. The following year he remarried with Agnese, daughter of Guidantonio I da Montefeltro, lord of Urbino.

As a condottiero, he was captain of the Republic of Florence in 1430  and of Francesco I Sforza in 1433.

He died at Bagni di Petriolo. His was succeeded by his brother Astorre.
METEOR
METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit ORdering) is a metric for the evaluation of machine translation output. The metric is based on the harmonic mean of unigram precision and recall, with recall weighted higher than precision. It also has several features that are not found in other metrics, such as stemming and synonymy matching, along with the standard exact word matching. The metric was designed to fix some of the problems found in the more popular BLEU metric, and also produce good correlation with human judgement at the sentence or segment level. This differs from the BLEU metric in that BLEU seeks correlation at the corpus level.

Results have been presented which give correlation of up to 0.964 with human judgement at the corpus level, compared to BLEU's achievement of 0.817 on the same data set. At the sentence level, the maximum correlation with human judgement achieved was 0.403.

Evaluation of machine translation
Various methods for the evaluation for machine translation have been employed. This article focuses on the evaluation of the output of machine translation, rather than on performance or usability evaluation.
Tiruldih railway station
Tiruldih railway station is an Indian railway station of Barkakana–Muri branch line, located under Ranchi railway division of the South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is situated at Sirkadih in Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Ranchi railway division
Ranchi railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 2003 and its headquarter is located at Ranchi in the state of Jharkhand of India.

Kharagpur railway division, Chakradharpur railway division and Adra railway division are the other three railway divisions under SER Zone headquartered at Garden Reach, Calcutta.
Anthon H. Lund
Anthon Henrik Lund (May 15, 1844 – March 2, 1921) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and a prominent Utah leader.

Temple president
Temple president is a priesthood leadership position in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. A temple president's primary responsibility is to supervise the affairs of a church temple in both an administrative and spiritual capacity.

The president is assisted by two male counselors and together they compose the temple presidency. Normally the wife of the temple president serves as the temple matron, and the wives of the president's counselors as assistants to the matron. The matron and her assistants share in the responsibilities of the temple presidency. All members of a temple presidency are ordained high priests in the church.
Paul Lynch (hurler)
Paul Lynch (June 1938 – 19 January 2014) was an Irish hurler. At club level, he played with Enniscorthy Shamrocks, St Aidan's and Rapparees Starlights, and at inter-county level with the Wexford senior hurling team.

Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as The Courtyard Ferns Intermediate Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by mid-tier Wexford GAA clubs. It is the 2nd tier of the Wexford GAA hurling championships.The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1930.

The title has been won at least once by 38 different clubs. The all-time record-holders are Ferns St Aidan's, who have won the competition six times.

Oylegate–Glenbrien won the title in 2021, after defeating HWH–Bunclody in the final.
National Film Awards (Nepal)
The National Film Awards is the most prominent and prestigious award of Nepali cinema. The first National Film Award was held in 2005, in the presence of His Majesty's King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah. The event is held at the residence of the president of Nepal and the president (as a Head of Nation) gives the awards to the winners in various categories. It is yearly organised by Film Development Board, Nepal (government organisation, which looks after film industry of Nepal).

Binod Poudel
Binod Poudel is a Nepali film producer and founder of Seven Seas Cinema, best known for producing Purna Bahadur Ko Sarangi (2024), one of the highest-grossing films in Nepali cinema. His productions are noted for portraying the stories of marginalized communities and have received both critical and commercial acclaim.
Araucariaceae
Araucariaceae is a family of conifers with three living genera, Araucaria, Agathis, and Wollemia. While the family's native distribution is now largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, except for a few species of Agathis in Malesia, it was formerly widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Cavernicola (bug)
Cavernicola is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae. They are endemic to Panama and northern South America. Like other members of the subfamily Triatominae, Cavernicola species primarily feed on vertebrate blood. Like other members of the subfamily, Cavernicola spp. can potentially transmit Trypanosoma cruzi (a known cause of Chagas disease), but they are not considered important vectors as they are strictly found in wild ecotopes and do not occur around dwellings.

Cavernicola pilosa feeds primarily on bats, but has been reported as biting humans.

Reduviidae
The Reduviidae is a large cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the Nabidae almost all species are terrestrial ambush predators; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking ectoparasites in the subfamily Triatominae, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit Chagas disease. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable: they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved proboscis (sometimes called a rostrum). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
1994–95 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season
The 1994–95 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey team represented Boston University in college ice hockey. In its 22nd year under head coach Jack Parker the team compiled a 31–6–3 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the sixth consecutive season and twenty first all-time. The Terriers defeated Maine 6–2 in the championship game at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island, to win their fourth national championship.

Jack Parker (ice hockey)
Jack Parker (born March 11, 1945) is an American ice hockey coach, who previously served as the head coach of the Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey team.  The 2012–13 hockey season was Parker's 40th and final season as head coach of the Terriers, and his 47th overall at the school as a player or coach. Parker was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2025 as a builder.
Dolichocarpa
Dolichocarpa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It includes five species endemic to northern Australia, ranging from Western Australia to the Northern Territory and Queensland.

Dolichocarpa argillacea (Halford) K.L.Gibbons

Dolichocarpa coerulescens (F.Muell.) K.L.Gibbons

Dolichocarpa crouchiana (F.Muell.) K.L.Gibbons

Dolichocarpa spathulata (Halford) K.L.Gibbons

Dolichocarpa spermacocoides (F.Muell.) K.L.Gibbons

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Hanstedt
Hanstedt is a municipality in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 35 km south of Hamburg, and 25 km west of Lüneburg.

Hanstedt is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hanstedt.

Harburg (district)
District Harburg is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It takes its name from the town of Harburg upon Elbe, which used to be the capital of the district but is now part of Hamburg and therefore no longer within the district. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Lüneburg, Heidekreis, Rotenburg (Wümme) and Stade, by the City of Hamburg and the State of Schleswig-Holstein (District of Lauenburg).
2006 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships
The 2006 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Houston, Texas in the United States. The event was played on outdoor clay courts and was part of the International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It was the 38th edition of the tournament and was held from April 10 to April 17, 2006. Unseeded Mardy Fish, who entered on a wildcard, won the singles title.

2006 ATP Tour
The 2006 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2006 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.

In singles, Roger Federer dominated the season. He won twelve tournaments, including three majors (Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open), four Masters Series titles (Indian Wells, Miami Open, Madrid Open and Rogers Cup) and the year-end championship. He finished the year with a 92–5 record.
Grand Lodge of India
The Grand Lodge of India (GLI) is the main governing body of Freemasonry within India, it was officially constituted on Friday 24 November 1961.

There were three delegations from the Grand Lodge of Scotland, Grand Lodge of Ireland and Grand Lodge of England in that order.

Out of a total of 277 individual Lodges in India already existing at the time, 145 opted for the new Grand Lodge of India. This represented a little over 52 per cent of the Warranted Lodges in India.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
Robert Mugge
Robert Mugge (born May 8, 1950) is an American documentary film maker.  He has focused primarily on films about music and musicians, but some of his earliest films were not music focused and he is now continuing to branch out as his interests and work evolve.

University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.
Specific weight
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material:

Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: 

Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is the newton per cubic metre (N/m3), expressed in terms of base units as kg⋅m−2⋅s−2.
A commonly used value is the specific weight of water on Earth at 4 °C (39 °F), which is 9.807 kilonewtons per cubic metre or 62.43 pounds-force per cubic foot.

Specific quantity
In the natural sciences, including physiology and engineering, the qualifier specific or massic typically indicates an intensive quantity obtained by dividing an extensive quantity of interest by mass. 
For example, specific leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf mass.
Derived SI units involve reciprocal kilogram (kg−1), e.g., square metre per kilogram (m2⋅kg−1); the expression "per unit mass" is also often used.

In some fields, like acoustics, "specific" can mean division by a quantity other than mass.

Named and unnamed specific quantities are given for the terms below.
Jean Pommier
Jean Joseph Marie Vincent Pommier (1893–1973) was a French literary scholar. He held a chair at the Collège de France from 1946 to 1964, where he succeeded Paul Valéry.

Pommier was a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques, of the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1957. He was a corresponding fellow of the British Academy.

Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
The Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (French pronunciation: [akademi de sjɑ̃s mɔʁal e pɔlitik]; "Academy of Moral and Political Sciences") is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France.
Jarrod Skalde
Jarrod Skalde (born February 26, 1971) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. He was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario. He was most recently the head coach of Slovak ice hockey team Vlci Zilina in Tipos Slovenská hokejová liga. His goal for the 2022-2023 season was to promote with Žilina to Tipos extraliga.

United Hockey League
The United Hockey League (UHL), originally known as the Colonial Hockey League from 1991 to 1997 and last known as the International Hockey League from 2007 to 2010, was a low-level minor professional ice hockey league, with teams in the United States and Canada. The league was headquartered in Rochester, Michigan, and, in its last year, consisted of seven teams. It folded in 2010, with most of its teams joining the Central Hockey League. The Central Hockey League teams still operating in 2014 were then added to ECHL. The only former CoHL/UHL/IHL teams still active as of 2024 are the Fort Wayne Komets and Kalamazoo Wings.
Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres event was one of the events in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The competition was held on July 24, 1980, and on July 25, 1980. Sixty-five athletes from 40 nations competed. Each nation was limited to 3 athletes per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Allan Wells of Great Britain, that nation's first title in the men's 100 metres since 1924. Cuba took its first medal in the event since 1964, with Silvio Leonard's silver matching the nation's best result. Petar Petrov's bronze was Bulgaria's first Olympic medal in the men's 100 metres.

Allan Wells and Silvio Leonard both clocked the same time in the final (10.25 seconds) which was the first time this had happened in the men's Olympic 100 metres final since the introduction of fully automatic timing.

Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by 38 events: 24 for men and 14 for women. They were held in the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki (south-western part of Moscow) between July 24 and August 1. There were a total of 959 participating athletes from 70 countries. A number of countries had boycotted the 1980 Games due to the Soviet-Afghan War.
Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Route
The Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Route extends for 33.0 miles (53.1 km) in southwestern Illinois, travelling through the floodplain of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. The route has been officially designated as a National Scenic Byway by the Federal Highway Administration. The route coincides with a portion of the Great River Road.

National Scenic Byway
A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) for one or more of six "intrinsic qualities": archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, and scenic. The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development. The National Scenic Byways Program (NSBP) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

Some scenic byways are designated All-American Roads, which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities. The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves. As of January 21, 2021, there are 184 National Scenic Byways located in 48 states (all except Hawaii and Texas).
Brodmann area 19
Brodmann area 19, or BA 19, is part of the occipital lobe cortex in the human brain. Along with area 18, it comprises the extrastriate (or peristriate) cortex. In humans with normal sight, extrastriate cortex is a visual association area, with feature-extracting, shape recognition, attentional, and multimodal integrating functions.

This area is also known as peristriate area 19, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the lateral occipital gyrus (H) and the superior occipital gyrus (H) of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. It is bounded on one side by the parastriate area 18, which it surrounds. It is bounded rostrally by the angular area 39 (H) and the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909).

Cuneus
The cuneus (from Latin 'wedge'; pl.: cunei) is a smaller lobe in the occipital lobe of the brain. The cuneus is bounded anteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus and inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus.
Energy carrier
An energy carrier is a substance (fuel) or sometimes a phenomenon (energy system) that contains energy that can be later converted to other forms such as mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical processes.

Such carriers include springs, electrical batteries, capacitors, pressurized air, dammed water, hydrogen, metal energy carriers, petroleum, coal, wood, and natural gas. An energy carrier does not produce energy; it simply contains energy imbued by another system.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal
José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal, Count of Doña Marina (1858–1934) was a Spanish writer, publisher and a Carlist politician. He is known mostly as the manager of two Traditionalist dailies, issued in the 1890s and 1900s in the Vascongadas, and as the author of minor works related to jurisprudence and history. As a politician he briefly headed the Carlist regional party organization in Castile, though he is recognized rather as an architect of political rebranding of Carlism in the late 19th century.

Prince Carlos, Duke of Madrid
Don Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este (Spanish: Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael; French: Charles Marie des Douleurs Jean Isidore Joseph François Cyr Antoine Michel Gabriel Raphaël; 30 March 1848 – 18 July 1909) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain as Carlos VII from 1868 (his father's Spanish renunciation), and holder of the Legitimist claim to the throne of France under the name Charles XI after the death of his father in 1887.
Richmond Long Wharf
The Richmond Long Wharf is a major tanker terminal and port facility in Richmond, California.

The terminal receives petroleum, oil, byproduct and other petrochemical imports destined for the Chevron Richmond Refinery and other installations. It is located in the Point Richmond neighborhood. Chevron has cited the sensitivity of the general area in stonewalling attempts to complete the Bay Trail between Point Richmond and the Point Molate Area.

Point Molate Naval Fuel Depot
Point Molate Naval Fuel Depot is a decommissioned United States Navy fueling station on the western shore of Richmond, California on San Francisco Bay. It has undergone years of litigation and debate as to its redevelopment with proposals ranging from a billion dollar casino project, parkland, housing, and other mixed uses.