hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick M. Hughes
Patrick M. Hughes (September 19, 1942 – October 5, 2024) was a United States Army officer who served as the 12th Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). Previously, he was Director of Intelligence for the US Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1994 to 1996 and the Director of Intelligence at United States Central Command from 1992 to 1994. He was the Commanding General, United States Army Intelligence Agency, and the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, U.S. Army from 1990 until 1992. He joined the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2003 as the Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis (Intelligence), and departed from DHS and Government service in March 2005.

Bozeman, Montana
Bozeman (/ˈboʊzmən/ BOHZ-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The 2020 United States census put Bozeman's population at 53,293, making it Montana's fourth-largest city. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, Montana, Metropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County, with a population of 118,960. It is the second-largest of Montana's statistical areas.
Bibi-Ka-Alam
Bibi-Ka-Alam or Bibi-Ka-Alawa is an annual procession during Muharram.  Bibi-ka-Alam, installed in the name of Imam Hussain, grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatimah, at the Bibi ka Alawa at Dabirpura, Old City (Hyderabad, India) on the 10th day following Moharram. It is a Shia event. The procession starts at Alawa-e-bibi situated at Dabirpura and ends at Chaderghat. During the procession the devotees mourn the death by reciting Nauhey, (narrating the incidents occurred during 10th Moharram 61 Hijri in Karbala). The daughter of Mohammed, Fatima-e-Zehra, is called Bibi. The locality is known as Mohalla Bibi Ka Alawa.

Dabirpura
Dabeerpura is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the Old City area of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is surrounded by Yakutpura, Chanchalguda, Purani Haveli, Noorkhan Bazar, and Azampura.
Dabeerpura has one of the original thirteen gateways called darwaza.
Meso-Papilionoideae
Meso-Papilionoideae or 50-kb Inversion clade is a monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionoideae) that includes the majority of papilionoid legumes. It contains many agronomically important genera, including Arachis (peanut), Cicer (chickpea), Glycine (soybean), Medicago (alfalfa), Phaseolus (common bean), Trifolium (clover), Vicia (vetch), and Vigna (mung bean).

This clade is circumscribed by the presence of a 50 kb inverted DNA sequence in the plastome of member species and is consistently resolved in molecular phylogenies.

The name Meso-Papilionoideae was proposed for this clade by Wojciechowski (2013). Its original name, 50-kb Inversion clade is still in use and the clade is still frequently referred to by this name in publications, as well as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website and NCBI taxonomy browser.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Itakura Katsumasa
Itakura Katsumasa (板倉 勝政, April 17, 1759 – April 4, 1821). Seventh son of Itakura Katsuzumi. Fourth Itakura daimyō of Bitchū-Matsuyama Domain.

He became daimyō in 1778, after the death of his older brother Itakura Katsuyori. He was succeeded by his son, Itakura Katsuaki, in 1801.

Bitchū-Matsuyama Domain
Bitchū-Matsuyama Domain (備中松山藩, Bitchū-Matsuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now western Okayama Prefecture. It controlled most of central Bitchū Province and was centered around Bitchū Matsuyama Castle. It was ruled in its latter history by a branch of the Itakura clan. Following the Meiji restoration, it was briefly renamed Takahashi Domain (高梁藩, Takahashi-han). It was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Okayama Prefecture.
Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1922–24
The 1922–1924 monetary reform of the Soviet Union was a set of monetary policies which was implemented in the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet government’s New Economic Policy. The principal objectives of the reform included stopping the effects of hyperinflation, establishing a unified medium of exchange and the creation of a more-independent central bank.

According to economic data recorded in the archives of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, results of the reform were mixed; some modern-day economists call the new policies a successful transition towards state capitalism, but others describe them as problematic and failing to uphold the targets laid out in its original blueprint. Economists such as John Maynard Keynes categorize the reform as an aggregation of short-term monetary expansion experiments which defined Soviet monetary and fiscal policies, where the state played an active role in dictating economic growth.

Gosplan
The State Planning Committee, commonly known as Gosplan (Russian: Госплан [ɡosˈpɫan]), was the agency responsible for central economic planning in the Soviet Union. Established in 1921 and remaining in existence until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Gosplan had as its main task the creation and administration of a series of five-year plans governing the economy of the USSR.
TVMobile
MediaCorp TV TVMobile (Chinese: 流动电视) was a subsidiary of MediaCorp Singapore and was the first channel in the world to pioneer the use of Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) technology to deliver television programmes to commuters. Operating on 89.3 MHz, TVMobile provided the latest infotainment, entertainment programmes, and real-time news, keeping travellers informed while on the move.

TVMobile had outdoor advertising platforms at shopping mall food courts, ferries, academic institutions, taxis, and selected SBS Transit buses. Broadcasting daily from 6:00 AM to 12:00 midnight (Singapore/Hong Kong time), TVMobile provided an outdoor advertising medium that scheduled programming based on viewers' profiles and travel patterns. However, it could only be received by home viewers with a digital set-top box.

TVMobile was discontinued effective 1 January 2010.

Suntec City
Suntec City is a major mixed-use development located in Marina Centre, a subzone of the Downtown Core in Singapore, which combines a shopping mall, office buildings, and a convention centre. Construction began on 18 January 1992 and was completed on 22 July 1997.
Aziza Jafarzade
Aziza Mammed qyzy Jafarzade (December 29, 1921, in Baku, Azerbaijan – September 4, 2003) (Azerbaijani: Cəfərzadə Əzizə Məmməd qızı) was an Azerbaijani writer and professor of philology. She was an expert on the history of Azerbaijani literature.

Jafar Jabbarly
Jafar Gafar oghlu Jabbarly (Azerbaijani: Cəfər Qafar oğlu Cabbarlı, 20 March 1899, Khizi – 31 December 1934, Baku) was the eminent Azerbaijani and Soviet writer, the founder of the Azerbaijan Soviet dramaturgy. He was a director, playwright and screenwriter.
History of photographic lens design
The invention of the camera in the early 19th century led to an array of lens designs intended for photography. The problems of photographic lens design, creating a lens for a task that would cover a large, flat image plane, were well known even before the invention of photography: 23  due to the development of lenses to work with the focal plane of the camera obscura.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Gold Cup at Santa Anita top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in first, second, and third place (and the number of starters) in the Gold Cup at Santa Anita Stakes (formerly the Hollywood Gold Cup), an American Grade 1 race for three-year-olds and up at 1 1/4 miles on dirt (except 2007-2013 when on the synthetic surface, 'Cushion Track'). Since 2014, it has been held at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California; earlier runnings were held at Hollywood Park.  (List - 1938 to Present)

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Brynhenllan
Brynhenllan (also spelled Bryn-henllan or Bryn Henllan) is a settlement in the community of Dinas Cross, located in north Pembrokeshire, Wales, just north of the A487 road between Fishguard and Newport, on the road leading to Pwllgwaelod.

Dinas Cross
Dinas Cross (Welsh: Dinas) is a village, a community and a former parish in Pembrokeshire, Wales. Located between Fishguard and Newport in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, it is a popular holiday destination on the A487 road. The two hamlets,  Cwm-yr-Eglwys and Pwllgwaelod, are in the community. The community has an elected community council and until 2022 gave its name to an electoral ward of Pembrokeshire County Council which covered the communities of Dinas Cross, Cwm Gwaun and Puncheston.
Otto Ludwig Lange
Otto Ludwig Lange (21 August 1927 – 14 August 2017 in Würzburg) was a German botanist and lichenologist. The focus of his scientific work was on the ecophysiology of wild and cultivated plants as well as lichens. He investigated heat, frost and drought resistance of lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants growing under extreme environmental conditions.

German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences.
Sámi institutional symbols
Sámi institutional symbols are of relatively new origin, as the Sámi political institutions themselves are quite new. The symbols generally draw inspiration from old ornamental traditions such as duodji and the "runes" of the traditional shaman's drums. The symbols generally don't follow the rules of tincture, as the "Sámi colours" are traditionally placed colour on colour (rather than colour on metal and vice versa).

Duodji
Duodji is a traditional cultural Sami handicraft. Some examples include knives, cases, women's bags, wooden cups, and articles of clothing. Duodji items are intended to be primarily functional and were made to be used in an everyday work environment, but may also incorporate artistic elements.
2015 AFC Asian Cup Group B
Group B of the 2015 AFC Asian Cup was one of four groups of nations competing at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. The group's first round of matches were played on 10 January, the second round on 14 January, and the final round on 18 January. All six group matches were played at venues in Australia. The group consisted of Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia, China and North Korea. China and Uzbekistan advanced as group winners and runners-up respectively, while Saudi Arabia and North Korea were eliminated.

2011 AFC Asian Cup
The 2011 AFC Asian Cup was the 15th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were held in Qatar from 7 to 29 January 2011. It was the second time that the tournament was hosted by Qatar, the previous occasion being the 1988 AFC Asian Cup. Japan won the cup for the record-breaking fourth time after a 1–0 win against Australia, and earned the right to compete in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from AFC.

A television viewing audience of 484 million in 80 countries across the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, North America and North Africa witnessed Japan defeat Australia 1–0 in the final.
Kidnapped! (Jeeves and Wooster)
"Kidnapped!" is the fifth episode of the second series of the 1990s British comedy television series Jeeves and Wooster. It is also called "The Mysterious Stranger". It first aired in the UK on 12 May 1991 (1991-5-12) on ITV.

In the US, "Kidnapped!" was one of five episodes of Jeeves and Wooster that were not aired as part of the original broadcast of the television series on Masterpiece Theatre, though all episodes were made available on US home video releases.

Bertie Wooster
Bertram Wilberforce Wooster is a fictional character in the comedic Jeeves stories created by British author P. G. Wodehouse. An amiable English gentleman and one of the "idle rich", Bertie appears alongside his valet, Jeeves, whose intelligence manages to save Bertie or one of his friends from numerous awkward situations. Bertie Wooster and Jeeves have been described as "one of the great comic double-acts of all time".

Bertie is the narrator and central figure of most of the Jeeves short stories and novels. The two exceptions are the short story "Bertie Changes His Mind" (1922), which is narrated by Jeeves, and the novel Ring for Jeeves (1953), a third-person narration in which Bertie is mentioned but does not appear. First appearing in "Extricating Young Gussie" in 1915, Bertie is the narrator of ten novels and over 30 short stories, his last appearance being in the novel Aunts Aren't Gentlemen, published in 1974.
2 Chronicles 29
2 Chronicles 29 is the twenty-ninth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia  (2 Chronicles 10 to 36). The focus of this chapter is the reign of Hezekiah, king of Judah.

Edwin R. Thiele
Edwin Richard Thiele (10 September 1895 – 15 April 1986) was an American Seventh-day Adventist missionary in China, editor, archaeologist, writer, and scholar of the Old Testament. He is best known for his chronological studies of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel.
Lindenschied
Lindenschied (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪndn̩ʃiːt]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Richard Morefield
Richard Henry Morefield (September 9, 1929 – October 11, 2010) was an American diplomat who served in the United States Foreign Service. He was one of the 66 staff members at the American embassy in Tehran who were taken captive by a militant Islamist student group called the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line on November 4, 1979, in what became known as the Iran hostage crisis. He was one of 52 Americans who were held as a hostage for 444 days, until negotiations for the remaining captives being held hostage were concluded with the signing of the Algiers Accords on January 19, 1981, with their release coming the following day.

Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line
The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line (Persian: دانشجویان مسلمان پیرو خط امام Dânešjuyân-e Mosalmân-e peyrov-e Khatt-e Emâm), also called the Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, was an Iranian student group that occupied the U.S. embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979. The students were supporters of the Islamic Revolution who occupied the embassy to show their support for Ayatollah Khomeini and their outrage that the ex-Shah of Iran was admitted to the United States for cancer treatment, instead of being returned to Iran for trial and execution. The occupation triggered the Iran hostage crisis where 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days.
Sauropleurinae
Sauropleurinae is an extinct subfamily of nectridean tetrapodomorphs. Along with the subfamily Urocordylinae, Sauropleurinae is part of the family Urocordylidae. Like other urocordylids, sauropleurines have long, flattened tails and superficially resemble aquatic newts. They differ from urocordylines in having narrow, pointed skulls. Sauropleurinae includes the genera Sauropleura, Crossotelos, Lepterpeton, and Montcellia, which lived during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian in what is now North America and Europe.

Crossotelos
Crossotelos is an extinct genus of nectridean tetrapodomorphs within the family Urocordylidae. It contains a single species, Crossotelos annulatus.

Crossotelos lived in modern-day Oklahoma and Texas, United States during the Early Permian.
Bhoodan Pochampally
Bhoodan Pochampally is a census town in the Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Pochampalle mandal of Bhongir division. This village is Known for woven products, especially hand-woven Ikkat sarees. There are thousands of looms in the village that produce large quantities of sarees. In 2004, Pochampalli saree also received a geographical indication (GI) tag. This village was one of the three nominated under the category of best tourism villages by the United Nations World Tourism Organization.

Bhongir
Bhongir, also known as Bhuvanagiri or Bhongiri, is a city and a district headquarters of the Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district and part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region of the Indian state of Telangana.
Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Joseph Maria Frederick Wilhelm of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Duke in Saxony (German: Joseph Maria Friedrich Wilhelm Hollandinus, Prinz und Regent von Sachsen-Hildburghausen; 5 October 1702 – Hildburghausen, 4 January 1787), was a German officer, Generalfeldmarschall of the Imperial Army and Reichsgeneralfeldmarschall (Reichsgeneralfeldzeugmeister) of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire. He is best known for commanding the Allied Franco-Roman-German Army against the Prussian Army in the disastrous 90-minute Battle of Rossbach in November 1757.

General of the Artillery (Austria)
General of the Artillery (Feldzeugmeister) was a historical military rank in some German and Austro-Hungarian armies, specifically in artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th and 17th centuries, and survived until the beginning of the 20th century in some European countries. In the army of the Habsburg Empire, the rank of Feldzeugmeister was equivalent with lieutenant general.
Brotherhood (sculpture)
Brotherhood (Czech: Sbratření, lit. 'Fraternation') is a sculpture by the Czech sculptor Karel Pokorný (1891–1962). Initially placed in Česká Třebová, Czechoslovakia in 1951, it was dedicated to the end of the Prague Offensive during World War II. Its replicas were established in Prague (1960, replaced in 1988),  Saint Petersburg (1977) and Kurpaty, Crimea (1985). The sculpture depicts the meeting of a Soviet Red Army soldier and a Czech militiaman in May 1945. Soviet art critics evaluated Brotherhood as one of the best works of socialist realism. This sculpture became a symbol of friendship between the peoples of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. Its image was used on stamps, coins, banknotes, etc.

After the dismantling of the Monument to Soviet Tank Crews in 1991 and the Statue of Ivan Konev in 2020, Brotherhood became the main memorial of World War II in Prague.

From the first years after its creation, some viewers of the sculpture saw homoerotic overtones in it.

Prague offensive
The Prague offensive (Russian: Пражская стратегическая наступательная операция, romanized: Prazhskaya strategicheskaya nastupatel'naya operatsiya, lit. 'Prague Strategic Offensive Operation') was the last major military operation of World War II in Europe. The offensive was fought on the Eastern Front from 6 May to 11 May 1945. Fought concurrently with the Prague uprising, the offensive significantly helped the liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945. The offensive was one of the last engagements of World War II in Europe and continued after Nazi Germany's unconditional capitulation on 8/9 May.

The city of Prague was ultimately liberated by the USSR during the Prague offensive. All of the German troops of Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) and many of Army Group Ostmark (formerly known as Army Group South) were killed or captured, or fell into the hands of the Allies after the capitulation.
Sumba–Flores languages
The Sumba–Flores languages, which correspond to the traditional "Bima–Sumba" subgroup minus Bima, are a proposed group of Austronesian languages (geographically Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages) spoken on and around the islands of Sumba and western–central Flores in the Lesser Sundas, Indonesia. The main languages are Manggarai, which has half a million speakers on the western third of Flores, and Kambera, with a quarter million speakers on the eastern half of Sumba Island.

The Hawu language of Savu Island is suspected of having a non-Austronesian substratum, but perhaps not to any greater extent than the languages of central and eastern Flores, such as Sika, or indeed of Central Malayo-Polynesian languages in general.

Hawu language
The Hawu language (Hawu: Lii Hawu) is the language of the Savu people of Savu Island in Indonesia and of Raijua Island off the western tip of Savu. Hawu has been referred to by a variety of names such as Havu, Savu, Sabu,  Sawu, and is known to outsiders as Savu or Sabu (thus Havunese, Savunese, Sawunese). Hawu belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family, and is most closely related to Dhao (spoken on Rote) and the languages of Sumba. Dhao was once considered a dialect of Hawu, but the two languages are not mutually intelligible.