hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grace Tame
Grace Tame (born 28 December 1994) is an Australian activist. She was named 2021 Australian of the Year as an "advocate for survivors of sexual assault". She has also been an outspoken critic of Israel.

Sexual grooming
Sexual grooming is the action or behavior used to establish an emotional connection with a vulnerable person under the age of consent – and sometimes the victim's family, to lower their inhibitions with the objective of sexual abuse. It can occur in various settings, including online, in person, and through other means of communication. Children who are groomed may experience mental health issues, including "anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal thoughts".
Ophelimity
Ophelimity (from Greek ophelimos "useful") is an economic concept introduced by Vilfredo Pareto as a measure of purely economic satisfaction, so he could use the already well-established term utility as a measure of a more broad-based satisfaction encompassing other dimensions as well, such as the ethical, moral, religious, and political. As such, it corresponds to the sense in which utility is often used in economic calculations. Irving Fisher proposed replacing ophelimity (and thus utility as it is commonly construed) with the term wantability.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Alteveer, De Wolden
Alteveer is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is located in the municipality De Wolden, about 5 km south of the town of Hoogeveen.

It was first mentioned in 1656, and means "all too far", because of poor connections to the outside world. In 1840, it was home to 220 people. Nowadays Alteveer cooperates with nearby Kerkenveld. They have formed a twin village, but they are technically independent.

Hoogeveen
Hoogeveen (Dutch: [ˌɦoːɣəˈveːn] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: 't Ogeveine or  't Oveine) is a municipality and town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is located in the south of the province and shares a provincial border with Overijssel. The municipality has a population of 56,897 (2025), of which 40,560 reside in the town of Hoogeveen itself. The second largest population center in the municipality is Hollandscheveld.

Hoogeveen was developed in the 17th century as a peat colony. Today it is a central town with many urban amenities. There is a wide range of shops and substantial employment in industry. Religiously, the town is highly fragmented.
Nihari
Nihari is a stew which consists of slow-cooked meat, mainly a shank cut of beef, lamb and mutton, or goat meat, as well as chicken and bone marrow. It originated in Lucknow, the capital of Awadh under the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent during the 18th-century. It is flavoured with long pepper (pippali), a relative of black pepper and is often served and consumed with naan, roti or rice.

Roti
Roti is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is commonly consumed in many South Asian, Southeast Asian, Caribbean, East African, and Southeast African countries.

It is made from stoneground whole-wheat flour, known as atta, combined into a dough with added water. Its defining characteristic is that it is unleavened. Naan from the Indian subcontinent, by contrast, is a yeast-leavened bread, as is kulcha. Like breads around the world, roti is a staple accompaniment to other foods.
Godah, Ukhrul
Godah, also called Hundung, is a village located south of Ukhrul in the Ukhrul district, Manipur State, India. The village falls under the Phungyar subdivision. The village is approximately 70 kilometers from Ukhrul and is partially connected by Ukhrul-Phungyar State highway. Godah is bordered by Hangkau in the east, Shingkap in the west, Alang in the south and Shangshak in the north.

Ukhrul
Ukhrul (Tangkhul pronunciation:/ˈuːkˌɹəl or ˈuːkˌɹʊl/ is the headquarters of Ukhrul district, one of the hilly district in the state of Manipur, India. Ukhrul is the home of the Tangkhul Nagas. It is the administrative headquarter of the Ukhrul district. There are also four sub-divisions in the district for administering the villages in and around it. The villages, however, are governed by the 'village heads'. It is also famous for the Shirui Lily.
Inferior cerebral veins
The inferior cerebral veins are veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses.

Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus.

Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses.

Superior cerebral veins
The superior cerebral veins are several cerebral veins that drain the superolateral and superomedial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres into the superior sagittal sinus. There are 8-12 cerebral veins. They are predominantly found in the sulci between the gyri, but can also be found running across the gyri.
Third man factor
The third man factor or third person syndrome refers to reported situations where a perceived unseen presence, such as a spirit, provides comfort or support during a traumatic experience. It is most commonly experienced by mountain climbers. Solo sailors, shipwreck survivors, and polar explorers are also known to have reported the phenomenon.

Anomalous experiences
Anomalous experiences, such as so-called benign hallucinations, may occur in a person in a state of good mental and physical health, even in the apparent absence of a transient trigger factor such as fatigue, intoxication or sensory deprivation.

The evidence for this statement has been accumulating for more than a century. Studies of benign hallucinatory experiences go back to 1886 and the early work of the Society for Psychical Research, which suggested approximately 10% of the population had experienced at least one hallucinatory episode in the course of their life. More recent studies have validated these findings; the precise incidence found varies with the nature of the episode and the criteria of "hallucination" adopted, but the basic finding is now well-supported.
East Shelbyville Historic District
The East Shelbyville Historic District is a historic district on the east side of Shelbyville, Tennessee. It includes roughly ten square blocks, mostly residential. It is bordered by the N. Brittian, Louisville, and Nashville railroad tracks and Lane, Evans, Sandusky and Madison Streets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1990.

Shelbyville, Tennessee
Shelbyville is a city in and the seat of government of Bedford County, Tennessee. The city was laid out in 1810 and incorporated in 1819. As of the 2020 census, Shelbyville had a population of 23,557. The city is a hub of the Tennessee Walking Horse industry and has been nicknamed "The Walking Horse Capital of the World".
Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport
Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport (IATA: YXY, ICAO: CYXY) is an airport of entry located in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. It is part of the National Airports System, and is owned and operated by the Government of Yukon. The airport was renamed in honor of longtime Yukon Member of Parliament Erik Nielsen on December 15, 2008. The terminal handled 294,000 passengers in 2012, representing a 94% increase in passenger traffic since 2002. By 2017, this number had risen to 366,000. 2024 saw a new all-time high with more than 225,000 arrivals. Air North is based in Whitehorse.

Canadian Pacific Air Lines
Canadian Pacific Air Lines was a Canadian airline that operated from 1942 to 1987. It operated under the name CP Air from 1968 to 1986. Headquartered at Vancouver International Airport in Richmond, British Columbia, it served domestic Canadian as well as international routes until it was purchased by Pacific Western Airlines and absorbed into Canadian Airlines International.
Popper's three worlds
Popper's three worlds is a theory developed by  Karl Popper in the late 1960s. It involves three interacting worlds.   World 1 is the material realm, World 2 is the mental realm, and World 3 is the cultural realm. Popper's goal was to defend his notion of objective knowledge against the rising notion that knowledge is a belief that must be justified and true. This theory supported his old view that theories need  not be verified by induction. In his approach, the methodological rules as well as the logical content of science belong to World 3. The theory is evolutionary. Popper was a strong advocate of a theory of emergence in which each world is not predetermined by previous ones.

Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism.
Ego (The Very Best of EMI Years)
Ego... Ichografisis 1957 - 1995 (Marinella: The very best of EMI years) (Greek: Εγώ… Ηχογραφήσεις 1957 - 1995; English: Me… Recordings 1957 - 1995) is a compilation of recordings by popular Greek singer Marinella, under the EMI series Capitol Original Masters. This album is part of the compilation. The 2-CD set includes 44 recordings from 1957 - 1995 for the Minos EMI Label and covers her early work with Stelios Kazantzidis and her later solo years. It also includes duets with Tolis Voskopoulos, Yiannis Parios and Kostas Spyropoulos. It was released on 26 December 2005 in Greece by Minos EMI.

Minos EMI
Minos EMI is a record company based in Athens, Greece. The company serves as the Greek record label and offices of the multinational Universal Music Group.

EMI is credited for founding the record business in Greece in the 1930s, by producing the first records and building the country's first recording studio.
Sita Brahmachari
Sita Brahmachari (born 1966) is a British author known for her work in children's and young adult literature. Her debut novel, Artichoke Hearts, later published in the United States as Mira in the Present Tense, won the 2011 Waterstones Children's Book Prize. In 2025, Brahmachari was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

Kristine Landon-Smith
Kristine Landon-Smith (born 1958) is a British actor, director and artistic director of mixed Australian and Indian parentage. Together with Sudha Bhuchar, she founded the Tamasha Theatre Company in 1989.
2009 Washington Huskies softball team
The 2009 Washington Huskies softball team represented the University of Washington in the 2009 NCAA Division I softball season.  The Huskies were coached by Heather Tarr, who led her fifth season.  The Huskies finished with a record of 51–12.  They played their home games at Husky Softball Stadium and competed in the Pacific-10 Conference, where they finished second with a 14–7 record.

The Huskies were invited to the 2009 NCAA Division I softball tournament, where they won the Amherst Regional, swept the Atlanta Super Regional, and then completed a run through the Women's College World Series to claim their first NCAA Women's College World Series Championship.

2009 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2009 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 15 through June 3, 2009 as part of the 2009 NCAA Division I softball season. The 64 NCAA Division I college softball teams were selected out of an eligible 284 teams on May 10, 2009. 30 teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference, and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Softball Selection Committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2009 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Disney's American Legends
Disney's American Legends is a 2002 American animated anthology film narrated by James Earl Jones. A compilation of four previously released animated musical shorts from Walt Disney Animation Studios based on American tall tales, the collection includes The Brave Engineer (1950), Paul Bunyan (1958), John Henry (2000), and The Legend of Johnny Appleseed which is a segment from the 1948 film Melody Time.

The film's new short is based on John Henry and stars Alfre Woodard and Tim Hodge. John Henry was later released on Blu-ray in Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection on August 18, 2015.

Tall tale
A tall tale is a story with unbelievable elements, related as if it were true and factual. Some tall tales are exaggerations of actual events, for example fish stories ("the fish that got away") such as, "That fish was so big, why I tell ya', it nearly sank the boat when I pulled it in!" Other tall tales are completely fictional tales set in a familiar setting, such as the European countryside, the American frontier, the Canadian Northwest, the Australian outback, or the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Events are often told in a way that makes the narrator seem to have been a part of the story; the tone is generally good-natured. Legends are differentiated from tall tales primarily by age; many legends exaggerate the exploits of their heroes, but in tall tales the exaggeration looms large, to the extent of dominating the story.
William Harrison Ainsworth
William Harrison Ainsworth (4 February 1805 – 3 January 1882) was an English historical novelist born at King Street in Manchester. He trained as a lawyer, but the legal profession held no attraction for him. While completing his legal studies in London he met the publisher John Ebers, at that time manager of the King's Theatre, Haymarket. Ebers introduced Ainsworth to literary and dramatic circles, and to his daughter, who became Ainsworth's wife.

Ainsworth briefly tried the publishing business, but soon gave it up and devoted himself to journalism and literature. His first success as a writer came with Rookwood in 1834, which features Dick Turpin as its leading character. A stream of 39 novels followed, the last of which appeared in 1881. Ainsworth died in Reigate on 3 January 1882, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

Robert Southey
Robert Southey (/ˈsaʊði, ˈsʌði/; 12 August 1774 – 21 March 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and Poet Laureate from 1813 until his death. Like the other Lake Poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey began as a radical but became steadily more conservative as he gained respect for Britain and its institutions. Other romantics such as Byron accused him of siding with the establishment for money and status. He is remembered especially for the poem "After Blenheim" and the original version of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears".
Whistling kite
The whistling kite (Haliastur sphenurus) is a medium-sized diurnal raptor found throughout Australia (including coastal islands), New Caledonia and much of New Guinea (excluding the central mountains and the northwest). Also called the whistling eagle or whistling hawk, it is named for its loud whistling call, which it often gives in flight.  Some authorities put this species in the genus Milvus, despite marked differences in behaviour, voice and plumage between this species and other members of that genus.

Milvus
Milvus is a genus of medium-sized birds of prey. The genus was erected by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799 with the red kite as the type species. The name is the Latin word for the red kite.

The genus Milvus has in the past been placed in the subfamily Milvinae but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that such a grouping is polyphyletic for Buteoninae. It is now placed in the subfamily Buteoninae.
Igor Araújo
Igor Araújo (born 6 December 1980) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor since 2004, Araújo has formerly competed for the UFC, M-1 Global, Shooto, KSW, and was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
Aladdin Sane (song)
"Aladdin Sane (1913–1938–197?)" is a song by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie, the title track from his 1973 album Aladdin Sane. Described by biographer David Buckley as the album's "pivotal" song, it saw Bowie moving into more experimental musical styles following the success of his breakthrough glam rock release The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars in 1972.

Charles Shaar Murray
Charles Shaar Murray (born Charles Maximillian Murray; 27 June 1951) is an English music journalist and broadcaster. He has worked on the New Musical Express (NME) and many other magazines and newspapers, and has been interviewed for a number of television documentaries and reports on music.
Manta trawl
A manta trawl is a net system for sampling the surface of the ocean.  It resembles a manta ray, with metal wings and a broad mouth. The net it pulls is made of thin mesh, and the whole trawl is towed behind a scientific research vessel.  The manta trawl is useful for collecting samples from the surface of the ocean, such as sampling the plastic pieces making up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch as well as the associated plankton.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Calavino
Calavino (Calavin in local dialect) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,365 and an area of 12.8 square kilometres (4.9 sq mi). It was merged with Lasino to form a new municipality, Madruzzo.

Calavino borders the following municipalities: San Lorenzo in Banale, Trento, Vezzano, Padergnone, Lomaso, Lasino and Dro.

San Lorenzo in Banale
San Lorenzo in Banale (San Lorénz in local dialect) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Trento. It was merged with Dorsino on January 1, 2015, to form a new municipality, San Lorenzo Dorsino. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore"
The Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore" is an airborne brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units are three battalions of paratroopers (paracadutisti). The name "Folgore" is Italian for lightning. The Folgore is one of three light infantry brigades of the Italian Army. While the Folgore specializes in  parachute operations its sister brigade the Airmobile Brigade Friuli specializes in helicopter assault operations. The Folgore and its units are based in Tuscany, Veneto and Lazio.

Mortier 120 mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1
The MO-120 RT (factory designator) or MO-120-RT is a French heavy mortar. The RT in the designator stands for rayé, tracté, which means rifled, towed. The MO-120-RT is currently used by the French Army (where it is known as RT F1 or Mortier de 120 mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1—"120 mm rifled towed mortar, model F1"), and has also been exported to more than 24 foreign countries or in some cases, produced under licence. It is issued to artillery units, where it complements artillery guns and systems; although infantry units operate it in some countries.

A vehicle-mounted and automated mortar system derived from the MO-120 RT, known as the 2R2M is in service with a number of nations.
Nicolai J. Foss
Nicolai Juul Foss (born 1964) is a Danish organizational theorist, and scholar of entrepreneurship and strategy. He is currently a professor at the Copenhagen Business School where he has spent most of his career. Foss' main contribution to organization theory is through the micro-foundational perspective in organization theory and management—examining how individual behaviors aggregate to affect the behavior of larger groups and organizations. He was created a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 2015.

Strategic Management Society
The Strategic Management Society (SMS) is a professional organization for the advancement of strategic management. The society consists of more than 3,000 members representing various backgrounds and perspectives from more than seventy countries. Membership is composed of academics, business practitioners, and consultants. The society has been credited with being a factor in the development of strategic management as a legitimate field of scholarly endeavor. The SMS publishes the Strategic Management Journal, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal and the Global Strategy Journal.
House of Augustus
The House of Augustus, or the Domus Augusti (not to be confused with the Domus Augustana), is situated on the Palatine Hill in Rome, Italy. A house on the southwestern corner of the Palatine has been identified, though not without dispute, as the primary place of residence for the emperor Augustus (r. 27 BC – AD 14).

The Domus Augusti is located near the so-called Hut of Romulus and other sites that have connections to the foundation of Rome. The location of the Flavian-era Domus Augustana has also been identified as that of the house of Augustus.

Casa Romuli
The Casa Romuli ("Hut of Romulus"), also known as the tugurium Romuli, was the reputed dwelling place of the legendary founder and first king of Rome, Romulus (traditional dates 771–717 BC). It was situated on the south-western corner of the Palatine Hill, where it slopes down towards the Circus Maximus, near the so-called "Steps of Cacus". It was a traditional single-roomed peasants' hut of the Latins, with straw roof and wattle-and-daub walls, such as are reproduced in miniature in the distinctive funerary urns of the so-called Latial culture (ca. 1000 – ca. 600 BC).
Outline of Denmark
The following outline is provided as an overview, and topical guide to Denmark.

Denmark – country located in Scandinavia of Northern Europe.  It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries. The mainland is bordered to the south by Germany; Denmark is southwest of Sweden and south of Norway. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Lolland, Falster and Bornholm as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea (in a concept known as dominium maris baltici), and these waters are also known as the Danish straits.

Demographics of Denmark
Demographic features of the population of Denmark proper, part of the Danish Realm, include ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects.