hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
José Ignacio Rodríguez Hernández
José Ignacio Rodríguez (November 11, 1831 – February 1, 1907) was a Cuban-American lawyer, jurist, writer, historian, and pro-Pan Americanist. He was the first librarian of the Pan American Union and Columbus Memorial Library. Rodríguez served as legal counsel for numerous Cuban claimants before various Spanish and American claims commissions, including the cases of Antonio Maximo Mora, Julio Sanguily, Néstor Ponce de León, Jose M. Delgado, and the Virginius affair.

Pan-American Conference
The Conferences of American States, commonly referred to as the Pan-American Conferences, were meetings of the International American Nation in Conferences for Regional cooperation in 1889.
The Pan-American Union, an international organization for cooperation on trade. James G. Blaine, a United States politician, Secretary of State and presidential contender, first proposed establishment of closer ties between the United States and its southern neighbors and proposed international conference. Blaine hoped that ties between the United States and its southern counterparts would open Latin American markets to US trade. The Pan-American Union eventually evolved into the Organization of American States in 1948.
HMS Minerva (1759)
HMS Minerva was one of the four 32-gun Southampton-class fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy.  She was launched in 1759 and served through the Seven Years' War, but was captured in 1778 during the American Revolutionary War and served as the French Minerve until being recaptured in 1781 and renamed HMS Recovery. She was broken up in 1784.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Battle of Logandème
The Battle of Logandème (18 May 1859) was an uprising led by the Serer King Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, king of Sine, against the French Empire. The battle took place at Logandème (in Fatick) which was a part of Sine at the time. The battle was also a revenge attack against the Serer people after their resounding victory against France at the Battle of Djilass (or Tilas) on 13 May 1859. It was the first time that France decided to employ cannonball in the Senegambia.

Joal-Fadiouth
Joal-Fadiouth is a town and urban commune in the Thiès Region at the end of the Petite Côte of Senegal, south-east of Dakar.

Joal lies on the mainland, while Fadiouth, linked by a bridge, lies on an island of clam shells, which are also used in local architecture and crafts.  The village has no motorised transport evidenced by the sign on entering.  It has large Christian and Muslim populations with cemeteries on another shell island.  Another attraction is granaries on stilts in the water. The population of the commune in 2013 was some 46,000.
Roberto Dorion
Roberto Dorion B. served as the president and international commissioner of the Asociación de Scouts de Guatemala, as well as the chairman of the Interamerican Scout Committee.

In 1995, he was awarded the 239th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also a recipient of the Silver World Award.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Yoshiyuki Ogata
Yoshiyuki Ogata (緒方 良行 Ogata Yoshiyuki, born February 4, 1998) is a Japanese professional competition climber and boulderer. He has won multiple medals in competition bouldering at IFSC Climbing World Cup events, including gold medals at Vail in 2019 and at Innsbruck in 2021. Ogata won the overall IFSC Men's Bouldering title for the 2021 and 2022 seasons and finished third overall in 2019.

IFSC Climbing World Cup
The IFSC Climbing World Cup is a series of competition climbing events held during the year at various locations around the world, organized by the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC). At each event, the athletes compete in three disciplines: lead, bouldering, and speed. The number of events varies from year to year, and the winners for each discipline are decided by the points accumulated in the year.

The first World Cup was held in 1989 and included only lead competition climbing events. Speed climbing was introduced in 1998, and bouldering in 1999. For 18 seasons, from 1989 to 2006, World Cups were held under the auspices of the International Council for Competition Climbing which was part of the UIAA; they were called UIAA Climbing World Cups. Since 2007, they have been held under the auspices of the IFSC.
Binsfeld
Binsfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪnsfɛlt]) near Wittlich in the Eifel is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Nearby is the American Spangdahlem Air Base.

Bernkastel-Wittlich
Bernkastel-Wittlich (German: Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Vulkaneifel, Cochem-Zell, Rhein-Hunsrück, Birkenfeld, Trier-Saarburg and Bitburg-Prüm.
2023 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger
The 2023 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament and part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada between August 14 and 19, 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1987 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1987 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 51st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Thursday, January 1. Part of the 1986–87 bowl game season, it matched the eleventh-ranked Ohio State of the Big Ten Conference and the #8 Texas A&M Aggies of the Southwest Conference (SWC). A slight underdog, Ohio State won by sixteen points, 28–12.

1986–87 NCAA football bowl games
The 1986–87 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1986 and January 1987 to end the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. A total of 18 team-competitive games, and two all-star games, were played. The post-season began with the California Bowl on December 13, 1986, and concluded on January 17, 1987, with the season-ending Senior Bowl.
This Is America (book)
This Is America is a 1942 book with text by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and photographs by Frances Cooke Macgregor published by G. P. Putnam's and Sons, New York. The title This Is America coincided with the 1942 series of wartime posters by the Sheldon-Claire company of Chicago, "This is America... Keep it Free".

G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. The publisher was founded in 1838 and features books by authors such as Renée Ahdieh, C. J. Box, Edgar Allan Poe, and many others. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.
Hinje, Sevnica
Hinje (pronounced [ˈxiːnjɛ]) is a small settlement southwest of Šentjanž in the Municipality of Sevnica in central Slovenia. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The settlement, which was originally part of Koludrje, was established in January 1998 with a decree of the Municipality of Sevnica from 23 December 1997.

Šentjanž, Sevnica
Šentjanž (pronounced [sɛnˈtjaːnʃ] or [sənˈtjaːnʃ]; in older sources also Dvor, German: Johannisthal) is a village in the Municipality of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. Traditionally, it belongs to Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
1953 European Rowing Championships
The 1953 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on Lake Bagsværd near the Danish capital Copenhagen. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+). The regatta was also the third test event for international women's rowing organised by the International Rowing Federation (FISA), with nine countries competing in four boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4+, W8+) over the shorter race distance of 1,000 m (men competed over 2,000 m). The purpose of the test event was to see whether women's rowing should formally become part of the FISA-organised European Rowing Championships.

European Rowing Championships
The European Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organised by World Rowing (named FISA until 2020) for European rowing nations, plus Israel, which, though not a member of the European federation, is treated as a European nation for competition purposes.

The championships date back to 1893, the year after FISA (the International Rowing Federation) was founded. Over time, the competition grew in status and as it was not restricted to European countries, became regarded as the quasi-world championships. The World Rowing Championships were commenced in 1962 and the last European Championships were held in 1973 as from 1974, the World Championships became an annual event. The European Championships were re-introduced in 2007 but with a narrower focus on Europe.
Addiction Rare in Patients Treated with Narcotics
"Addiction Rare in Patients Treated with Narcotics" is the title of a letter to the editor published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1980. Having examined records of patients treated with narcotics in a hospital setting, the authors concluded that this rarely led to addiction in patients with no history of addiction. This letter was later repeatedly misrepresented to support the idea that opioids are not addictive when prescribed for use at home. This misrepresentation has been blamed for contributing to the opioid epidemic in the United States.

Letter to the editor
A letter to the editor (LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about an issue of concern to the reader. Usually, such letters are intended for publication. In many publications, letters to the editor may be sent either through conventional mail or electronic mail.

Letters to the editor are most frequently associated with newspapers and news magazines; however, they are sometimes published in other periodicals such as entertainment and technical magazines and academic journals. Radio and television stations may also receive such letters, which are sometimes read on the air, particularly on news commentary broadcasts or on talk radio. In this presentation form the letter to the editor can also be described as viewer mail or listener mail, depending on the medium.
Between Friends (1924 film)
Between Friends is a 1924 American silent melodrama film based on the eponymous 1914 novel by Robert W. Chambers. The film was directed by J. Stuart Blackton and produced by Albert E. Smith. It stars Lou Tellegen, Anna Q. Nilsson, and Norman Kerry. The feature was distributed by Vitagraph Studios, which was founded by Blackton and Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York. The film is lost.

Motion Picture Herald
The Motion Picture Herald was an American film industry trade paper first published as the Exhibitors Herald in 1915, and Motion Picture Herald from January 1931–December 1972.  It was replaced by the QP Herald, which only lasted until May 1973.
Peterborough City Council
Peterborough City Council is the local authority for Peterborough, a local government district with city status in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. Peterborough has had a council since 1874, which has been reformed several times. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2019. Following the 2024 election a minority Labour administration formed to run the council. The council meets at Peterborough Town Hall and has its main offices at Sand Martin House on Bittern Way.

Lord-lieutenant
A lord-lieutenant (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ lef-TEN-ənt) is the British monarch's personal representative in each lieutenancy area of the United Kingdom. Historically, each lieutenant was responsible for organising the county's militia. In 1871, the lieutenant's responsibility over the local militia was removed. However, it was not until 1921 that they formally lost the right to call upon able-bodied men to fight when needed.

Lord-lieutenant is now an honorary titular position usually awarded to a notable person in the county, and despite the title of the office, may be either male or female, peer or not.
Law Courts Building, Sydney
The Law Courts Building is a building on Queens Square in Sydney, Australia, completed in 1977 in Twentieth Century Brutalist style. It is the seat of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, as well as parts of the Federal Court of Australia and the High Court of Australia.

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.
Distinction (book)
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (La Distinction: Critique sociale du jugement, 1979) by Pierre Bourdieu, is a sociological report about the state of French culture, based upon the author's empirical research from 1963 until 1968. The English translation was published in 1984, and, in 1998, the International Sociological Association voted Distinction as an important book of sociology published in the 20th century.

Aesthetic taste
In aesthetics, the concept of taste has been the interest of philosophers such as Plato, Hume, and Kant. It is defined by the ability to make valid judgments about an object's aesthetic value. However, these judgments are deficient in objectivity, creating the 'paradox of taste'. The term 'taste' is used because these judgments are similarly made when one physically tastes food.
Canadian Voice of Women for Peace
Canadian Voice of Women for Peace (French: Voix des femmes canadiennes pour la paix), also known as the Voice of Women or VOW, is a Canadian anti-nuclear pacifist organization that was formed in 1960. The organization was created in response to an article in which Lotta Dempsey, a journalist for the Toronto Star, called out for action against the threat of nuclear war and asked women to work together for peace. After the article was published, a group of women contacted Dempsey and formed a women's organization called the Canadian Voice of Women for Peace. The organization's work has spanned multiple decades and is Canada's oldest feminist peace group.

Peace conference
A peace conference is a diplomatic meeting where representatives of states, armies, or other warring parties converge to end hostilities by negotiation and signing and ratifying a peace treaty.

Significant international peace conferences include:

St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868

Algeciras Conference (1905)

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

Versailles (1919)

Good Friday Agreement (1998)
Corridonia
Corridonia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche.It is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Ancona and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) southeast of Macerata.

Corridonia was called, until 1931, Pausula which was later changed by Benito Mussolini to honor Filippo Corridoni,  an interventionist syndicalist who died on 23 October 1915.

The old town preserves some sections of walls and monumental buildings, including the parish church which has an interesting art gallery attached to it.

Church of San Claudio al Chienti

Church of Saints Peter, Paul and Donato with art gallery

Church of San Francesco

Church of Sant'Agostino

Monastery of the Zoccolanti (Corridonia)

Corridonia borders the following municipalities: Francavilla d'Ete, Macerata, Mogliano, Monte San Giusto, Monte San Pietrangeli, Morrovalle, Petriolo, Tolentino, and Urbisaglia.

Monte San Pietrangeli
Monte San Pietrangeli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Ancona and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno.

Among its churches is the Neoclassical style church of Santi Lorenzo e Biagio.
IC3b
iC3b is a protein fragment that is part of the complement system, a component of the vertebrate immune system. iC3b is produced when complement factor I cleaves C3b. Complement receptors on white blood cells are able to bind iC3b, so iC3b functions as an opsonin. Unlike intact C3b, iC3b cannot associate with factor B, thus preventing amplification of the complement cascade through the alternative pathway. Complement factor I can further cleave iC3b into a protein fragment known as C3d.

Complement receptor
A complement receptor is a membrane-bound receptor belonging to the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system. Complement receptors bind effector protein fragments that are produced in response to antigen-antibody complexes or damage-associated molecules. Complement receptor activation contributes to the regulation of inflammation, leukocyte extravasation, and phagocytosis; it also contributes to the adaptive immune response. Different complement receptors can participate in either the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway, or both.
Music of Cyprus
The music of Cyprus includes a variety of traditional, Western classical and Western popular genres. Cypriot traditional music is similar to the traditional music of Greece, it is most similar to Nisiotika the songs and dances of the Aegean islands, and includes dances like sousta, syrtos, ballos, tatsia, antikristos, arabiye, karotseris, sinalik, çifteli, zeimbekiko and the mandra dance.

Antikristos
Antikristos or Antikrystós (Greek: αντικρυστός  χορός)  is a dance of Greek origin. “Aντικρυστός” in Greek language refers to the verb αντικρύζω “be across, opposite, face-to-face” (from Ancient Greek ἀντικρύ “vis-à-vis, face-to-face”). It is also known in Armenia. Antikristos has similarities with the karsilamas dance. It is danced in couples.
Myelinoid
A myelinoid or myelin organoid is a three dimensional in vitro cultured model derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that represents various brain regions, the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system in early fetal human development. Myelinoids have the capacity to recapitulate aspects of brain developmental processes, microenvironments, cell to cell interaction, structural organization and cellular composition. The differentiating aspect dictating whether an organoid is deemed a cerebral organoid/brain organoid or myelinoid is the presence of myelination and compact myelin formation that is a defining feature of myelinoids. Due to the complex nature of the human brain, there is a need for model systems which can closely mimic complicated biological processes. Myelinoids provide a unique in vitro model through which myelin pathology, neurodegenerative diseases, developmental processes and therapeutic screening can be accomplished.

Cell potency
Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types.
The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency.
Bastberg Hill
The Bastberg (French: Mont Saint-Sébastien, Alsatian: Bàschtbärri), also called Petit-Bastberg, is a summit located near the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park, in the commune of Bouxwiller. It culminates at 326 meters. The ecosystem is fragile due to human and natural intrusions, and has been the subject of conservation measures since 1989.

Ophrys holosericea
Ophrys holosericea, the late spider orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to western and central Europe and the Mediterranean region. There has been considerable confusion about the identity of this species and the correct spelling of its name.

This species is pollinated by Eucera bees, deceived by the flower that mimics a female bee.
Psychosocial (song)
"Psychosocial" is a song by American heavy metal band Slipknot. Released as the second single from the band's fourth studio album, All Hope Is Gone (2008). The song entered airplay on June 26, 2008. It was originally planned for release as a digital single on July 1 but was delayed and released on July 7. Slipknot performed "Psychosocial" live for the first time on July 9, 2008, at the White River Amphitheatre in Auburn, Washington.

Paul Gray (American musician)
Paul Dedrick Gray (April 8, 1972 – May 24, 2010), also known as the Pig, was an American musician who was the bassist, backing vocalist, and co-founder of the heavy metal band Slipknot, in which he was designated #2.

Gray played bass using a pick.
Hans Katzer
Hans Katzer (31 January 1919 – 18 July 1996) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as Federal Minister for Labour and Social Affairs of West Germany from 1965 to 1969 under Ludwig Erhard and Kurt Georg Kiesinger. During his time as minister, he helped improve war victims' pensions and helped pass the Labour Promotion Act (Arbeitsförderungsgesetz, AFG) in 1969, which was meant to upskill workers, push a more active labour market policy, and create the Federal Institute of Labour. It was replaced in 1997 with the Third Book of the Social Code upon the implementation of the Employment Promotion Reform Act.

He was also a Member of the Bundestag for Cologne III then North Rhine-Westphalia from 1957 to 1980.

Jakob Kaiser
Jakob Kaiser (8 February 1888 – 7 May 1961) was a German politician and resistance leader during World War II. He served in the Reichstag before the war and the Bundestag after. He was also the first Federal Minister of All-German Affairs, serving from 1949 until 1957.