hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray
Thomas Dunbar, 2nd Earl of Moray inherited the title before 15 February 1392. In 1388 he displaced Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan as the provider of protection to Alexander Bur, Bishop of Moray and his church lands—following Buchan's burning of Elgin Cathedral in 1390 this agreement was dissolved. He replaced Buchan as sheriff of Inverness in 1390.  In 1394, Moray was pressured into paying protection money to Alexander, lord of Lochaber and into granting him lands. Moray was an adherent of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany and was appointed to the special council that was set up to supervise Robert III's son, David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, when he was appointed lieutenant of Scotland in 1399. On 14 September 1402, a Scots army has defeated at the battle of Homildon Hill where Moray was taken prisoner—he did not receive his freedom until July 1405. He died before August 1422 and was succeeded by his son Thomas before 9 August 1422.

Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, called the Wolf of Badenoch (c. 1343 – 20 July 1405), was a Scottish royal prince, the third son of King Robert II of Scotland by his first wife Elizabeth Mure. He was Justiciar of Scotia and held large territories in the north of Scotland.

He is best remembered for his destruction of the royal burgh of Elgin and its cathedral. His sobriquet was given due to his notorious cruelty and rapacity, but there is no proof that it was used during his lifetime.
Big Savage Tunnel
The Big Savage Tunnel is a rail trail tunnel located about 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. It, as well as the Pinkerton Tunnel, Borden Tunnel, and Brush Tunnel are part of the Great Allegheny Passage trail. It was originally built for the Connellsville subdivision of the Western Maryland Railway.

Brush Tunnel
The Brush Tunnel is a 914-foot (279 m) railroad tunnel located about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Corriganville, Maryland.

It was built in 1911 by the Western Maryland Railway, and is currently used by the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad, a tourist railroad running between Frostburg and Cumberland, Maryland, as well as the Great Allegheny Passage formerly known as the Allegheny Highlands Trail of Maryland rail trail).

The Allegheny Highlands Trail of Maryland is currently complete from Cumberland to near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, using mostly abandoned rail right-of-way. The portion of the trail from Cumberland to near Frostburg trail is adjacent to the active tourist line, including the tunnel.

As the tunnel was bored for two tracks, and the scenic railroad uses only one, there is sufficient room for the bicycle trail alongside in the tunnel, which is now lighted.  (However, trail users are cautioned not to be in the tunnel when a train is in or approaching the tunnel.)
Luvenga
Luvenga (Russian: Лувеньга, Karelian: Luivinka) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle at a height of 30 meters (98 ft) above sea level. Population: 575 (2010 Census). Dysaphis karyakini was first found in this region.

Luvenga is located at the mouth of the eponymous river Luvenga. Its source is located in the Yolki-Tundry hills about 300 meters (980 ft) above sea level and it ultimately discharges into the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea. The river's name is of Kildin Sámi origin, being derived from a word meaning 'to shake; to rock'. A temporary fishing settlement has existed at the mouth of the Luvenga since the 16th century.

In 1926, the village had 23 inhabitants, of whom all but one were ethnic Karelians. Udmurts began moving into the village sometime before World War II, and during the 1970s and 1980s, Luvenga was seen as an Udmurt village.

Kandalakshsky District
Kandalakshsky District (Russian: Кандала́кшский райо́н) is an administrative district (a raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kandalakshsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, and borders with Kovdorsky District to the north, Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, and with Finland to the west. The area of the district is 14,400 square kilometers (5,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kandalaksha. Population:  49,544 (2010 Census); 60,140 (2002 Census); 78,239 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kandalaksha accounts for 72.0% of the district's total population.
Rent assessment committee
A rent assessment committee is a tribunal in England and Wales set up under the Rent Acts whose main task is to assess fair and market rents of properties referred to it. There is a statutory right of appeal to the High Court of England and Wales and thence to the Court of Appeal.

On the formation of the Residential Property Tribunal Service as a result of the Housing Act 2004 the rent assessment committees became part of that body for administrative purposes, and is therefore now called the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber - Residential Property).

First-tier Tribunal
The First-tier Tribunal is a first-instance general tribunal in the United Kingdom.

It was created in 2008 as part of a programme, enacted in the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, to rationalise the tribunal system, and has since taken on the functions of 20 previously existing tribunals. It is administered by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service.

Appeals from it lie to the Upper Tribunal, the second part of the 'two-tier system'.
Sima (geology)
In geology, sima (/ˈsaɪmə/) is an antiquated blended term for the lower layer of Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically, when the sima comes to the surface, it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'ocean layer' of the crust. The sima layer is also called the 'basal crust' or 'basal layer' because it is the lowest layer of the crust. Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the 'oceanic crust'.

The name 'sima' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of magnesia.

Comparable is the term sial (another antiquated blended term), which is the name for the upper layer of Earth's crust (continental crust) , namely rocks rich in aluminium silicate minerals.

Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).

The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.

Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two types have different chemical compositions and physical properties and were formed by different geological processes.
Mix-up Peak
Mix-up Peak, also known as Mixup Peak, is a 7,440-foot (2,270-metre) mountain summit located on the shared boundary of Skagit County and Chelan County in Washington state. It is part of the North Cascades Range and is situated one mile south of Cascade Pass on the shared border of North Cascades National Park and Glacier Peak Wilderness. The nearest higher peak is Magic Mountain, 1.02 miles (1.64 km) to the east-southeast. Mix-up Peak is at the northern end of the Ptarmigan Traverse which is an alpine route to remote mountains such as Mount Formidable and Dome Peak. The Cache Glacier occupies a cirque below its eastern flank. Surface runoff on the east side the mountain drains into the Stehekin River, whereas precipitation runoff drains into the Cascade River from the west side.

Cascade River (Washington)
The Cascade River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary of the Skagit River which it joins at the census-designated place of Marblemount. It is a National Wild and Scenic River.
Atena Daemi
Atena Daemi Khoshknudhani (Persian: آتنا دائمی; born 1988) is an Iranian civil rights activist, children's rights activist, human rights activist and political prisoner in Iran. Daemi was last arrested in November 2016 and sentenced seven years prison sentence. Peaceful activities for which she was charged include distributing anti-death penalty leaflets and making posts on Facebook and Twitter criticising Iran's execution record. Later, Daemi and her sisters were arrested and sentenced on charges of having "insulted officers on duty". Subsequent appeals have overturned that conviction and reduced Daemi's original sentence.

Daemi has been on hunger strike at Evin Prison (9 April 2017 – 1 June 2017, 55 days) and at Shahr-e Rey prison near Tehran (24 January 2018 – 15 February 2018, 22 days). She continues to protest against conditions and against the death penalty from within Evin prison. She is considered a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.

Prisoner of conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs.

Most often associated with the human rights organisation Amnesty International, the term was coined by that organisation's founder Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article ("The Forgotten Prisoners") for London newspaper The Observer.
Ziegenrück
Ziegenrück (German pronunciation: [ˈtsiːɡn̩ʁʏk] ⓘ) is a town in the Saale-Orla-Kreis district, in southern Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, 22 km east of Saalfeld, and 35 km south of Jena.

Ziegenrück is Germany's 5th smallest town with 640 inhabitants (2020).

Saale-Orla-Kreis
Saale-Orla is a Kreis (district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Saale-Holzland, Greiz, the Vogtlandkreis in Saxony, the Bavarian districts Hof and Kronach, and the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt.
Timeline of Westcountry Television
This is a timeline of the history of the British broadcaster Westcountry Television (later known as ITV Westcountry, and now part of ITV West Country). Westcountry provided the ITV service for the South West of England from 1993 to 2009, after which the service name "ITV West Country" has been used across the West and South West of England.

Carlton Communications
Carlton Communications plc was a British media company. It was led by Michael P. Green and listed on the London Stock Exchange from 1983 until 2 February 2004, when it was bought by Granada plc in a corporate takeover to form ITV plc. Carlton shareholders gained approximately 32% of ITV plc.

As well as being the parent company of Carlton Television Limited it was also involved in several other media and broadcasting businesses and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Danse avec les stars, la tournée
Danse avec les stars – La tournée is a dance show tour built upon the French show Danse avec les stars. The first tour had 21 shows, 20 in France and one in Belgium. The tour was announced in October 2013, during the fourth season of Danse avec les stars.

Stars from different seasons of Danse avec les stars joins the tour. With the stars, there are professional dancers, who also have participated the show during its seven seasons.

Danse avec les stars
Danse avec les stars (French pronunciation: [dɑ̃s avɛk le staʁ], lit. 'Dancing with the Stars', abbr. DALS) is the French version of the British reality TV competition Strictly Come Dancing and is part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise. The show was first broadcast on TF1 on 12 February 2011, the participants having been selected in November 2010. The first series finale took place on 19 March 2011. A second series was broadcast between 8 October – 19 November 2011. Since then TF1 has chosen to broadcast the program once a year, in the autumn. The show has tentatively scheduled its thirteenth series to begin in 2024.

The competition rules are similar to those of the original British version.
Oberursel station
Oberursel (Taunus) station is a station on S-Bahn line S5 in Oberursel (Taunus), near Frankfurt am Main, Germany on the Homburg line. The former Mountain Railway (German: Gebirgsbahn) ran from the station to Hohemark; it is now part of U-Bahn line U3.

Oberursel (Taunus)
Oberursel (Taunus) (German pronunciation: [oːbɐˈʔʊʁzl̩] ⓘ, lit. 'Upper Ursel', in contrast to "Lower Ursel") is a town in Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It is located to the north west of Frankfurt, in the Hochtaunuskreis county. It is the 13th largest town in Hesse. In 2011, the town hosted the 51st Hessentag state festival.
Ora Arena
The Ora Arena is the first purpose-built live entertainment venue in Turkey with a full standing capacity of up to 6,300 including ten VIP boxes for twelve guests each. The indoor arena, located in Bayrampaşa, Istanbul, is the prominent part of the Ora Complex, the first mixed-use project in the country. The cost of the investment amounted to € 25 million.

Shows like Cirque du Soleil, Disney on Ice, Dino Merlin, Armin van Buuren, X Factor took stage at Ora Arena.

Bayrampaşa
Bayrampaşa (pronounced [bajˈɾampaʃa]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 9km2 (3.4 sq mi, 2,000 acres, 800 ha) and its population is 275,314 (2022). It is on the European side of the city.

The mayor is Hasan Mutlu (CHP), in office since April 2024.
Multitaper
In signal processing, multitaper analysis is a spectral density estimation technique developed by David J. Thomson. It can estimate the power spectrum SX of a stationary ergodic finite-variance random process X, given a finite contiguous realization of X as data.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
Wasabi Anime
Wasabi Anime, also known as Green Mustard Entertainment, is a company specializing in the production of events and programming for anime conventions and other fan conventions in North America, as well as hosting their own standalone conventions. The company's journey began in 2001 with the registration of the WasabiAnime.com website. It started as an anime club, later evolving into a limited liability company (LLC) in 2007, and ultimately becoming a corporation in 2010. As of July 2012, Wasabi Anime had organized events in California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, and Las Vegas.

Dragon Con
Dragon Con (previously Dragon*Con and sometimes DragonCon) is a North American multigenre convention, founded in 1987, which takes place annually over the Labor Day weekend in Atlanta, Georgia. As of 2017, the convention draws attendance of over 80,000. It features hundreds of guests, encompasses five hotels in the Peachtree Center neighborhood of downtown Atlanta near Centennial Olympic Park, and runs thousands of hours of programming for fans of science fiction, fantasy, comic books, and other elements of fan culture. It is owned and operated by a private for-profit corporation, with the help of a 1,500-member volunteer staff. Dragon Con has hosted the 1990 Origins Game Fair and the 1995 North American Science Fiction Convention (NASFiC).
Maronite mummies
The Maronite mummies are eight well preserved natural mummies of Maronite villagers dating back to around 1283 AD.  They were uncovered by a team of speleologist/archaeologists during a rescue excavation in the Qadisha Valley of Lebanon in 1990. They are currently on display in the National Museum of Beirut.

County of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria.
When the Frankish Crusaders, mostly southern French forces – captured the region in 1109, Bertrand of Toulouse became the first count of Tripoli as a vassal of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. From that time on, the rule of the county was decided not strictly by inheritance but by factors such as military force (external and civil war), favour and negotiation. In 1289, the County of Tripoli fell to the Muslim Mamluks of Cairo under Sultan Qalawun, and the county was absorbed into Mamluk Sultanate.
Novelty architecture
Novelty architecture, also called programmatic architecture or mimetic architecture, is a type of architecture in which buildings and other structures are given unusual shapes for purposes such as advertising or to copy other famous buildings. Their size and novelty means that they often serve as landmarks. They are distinct from architectural follies, in that novelty architecture is essentially usable buildings in eccentric form whereas follies are non-usable, purely ornamental buildings also often in eccentric form.

High-Heel Wedding Church
23°22′40.3″N 120°08′55.5″E﻿ / ﻿23.377861°N 120.148750°E﻿ / 23.377861; 120.148750

The High-Heel Wedding Church (Chinese: 高跟鞋教堂; pinyin: Gāogēnxié Jiàotáng) is a high-heel-shaped building in Budai Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan. It is managed by Southwest Coast National Scenic Area Administration.
Pamekasan
Pamekasan (Madurese: Mekkasân) is a town and district which serves as the administrative center of Pamekasan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Madura, in an inland location towards the south coast of the island.

Madurese language
Madurese (/ˌmædʒʊˈriːz/ MAD-juh-REEZ; Bhâsa Madhurâ, Pegon script: ݒا࣪سا ماڊۅرا࣪, Carakan script: ꦧꦱꦩꦝꦸꦫ, IPA: [bʰɤsa maʈʰurɤ]) is a language of the Madurese people, native to the Madura Island and eastern part of Java, Indonesia; it is also spoken by migrants to other parts of Indonesia, namely the Surabaya, Malang, Gresik, eastern salient of Java (comprising Pasuruan, Bondowoso, Probolinggo, Situbondo, Jember, Lumajang, to Banyuwangi), the Masalembu Islands, Raas Islands, and some on Kalimantan. It was traditionally written in the Javanese script, but the Latin script and the Pegon script (based on Arabic script) is now more commonly used. The number of speakers, though shrinking, is estimated to be 10–14 million, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the country. Bawean language, which is a dialect of Madurese, is also spoken by Bawean people in Bawean Island, Indonesia. Then also by their descendants in Malaysia and Singapore.
Boogiepop Dual: Losers' Circus
Boogiepop Dual (ブギーポップ・デュアル, Bugīpoppu Dyuaru), also known as Boogiepop Dual: Losers' Circus, is a manga by Masayuki Takano (author of Blood Alone), an offshoot of the Boogiepop series, a series of young adult novels by Kouhei Kadono. This work suggests that Toka Miyashita is not the only Boogiepop, and that there are many.

Takano closely recreates the atmosphere created by Kouji Ogata, who illustrated the original novels and manga, though it is not known whether Takano is employing his natural style or simply imitating Ogata in the interests of continuity. His plot structure and twists are sophisticated, reproducing the interweaving of past and present that characterize Kadono's original.

It is published in English by Seven Seas Entertainment, in French by Editions Ki-oon, and in German by Tokyopop.

Kouhei Kadono
Kouhei Kadono (上遠野 浩平, Kadono Kōhei; born December 12, 1968) is a Japanese author, best known for the Boogiepop series which has received multiple manga adaptations, a live action film, and two television anime.
Stark (crater)
Stark is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southeast of the prominent crater Tsiolkovskiy, and north of Subbotin.

This is a heavily eroded crater with a jumbled outer rim and uneven interior. The pair of slightly smaller satellite craters Stark Y and Stark V are attached to the northwest and western exterior respectively, creating a triple-crater formation. (The designations Homer for Stark Y and Sappho for Stark V were suggested for these features, but the IAU rejected these names.) Within the interior of Stark is a small crater located just to the south of the midpoint.

In 2020, upon learning of Stark's support for the Nazi Party, Charles Wood, the chair of the Task Group for Lunar Nomenclature at the IAU, recommended to the IAU that the name "Stark" be replaced. The name was dropped on August 12, 2020. Since then, this crater is officially unnamed.

Subbotin (crater)
Subbotin is a lunar impact crater that is located to the west of the larger crater Pavlov, and to the east-northeast of Lampland. Subbotin lies on the far side of the Moon, and can only be viewed from lunar orbit. It was named after the Soviet mathematician and astronomer Mikhail Subbotin.

Since its formation, this crater has been heavily battered by smaller impacts, leaving the outer rim worn and marked by several small craterlets. This pattern of impact extends into the interior floor, where there are multiple small craterlets. A short chain of these impacts begins in the northwest part of the interior and curves back to extend across the northern rim.
Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
The Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series is one of the award categories presented annually by the Critics' Choice Television Awards (BTJA) to recognize the work done by television actresses. It was introduced in 2011, when the event was first initiated. The winners are selected by a group of television critics that are part of the Broadcast Television Critics Association.

Critics' Choice Television Awards
The Critics' Choice Television Awards were accolades that were presented annually by the Critics Choice Association (CCA). They were established in 2011, and the first ceremony was held on June 20, 2011, and streamed live on VH1.com. The fourth ceremony was televised live on June 19, 2014, on The CW. In October 2014, the A&E Network was granted exclusive rights to broadcast the television and film awards in 2015 and 2016.  The final ceremony was in 2015, after which it was combined with the film awards and once again became the Critics' Choice Awards.