hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kradenbach
Kradenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.
Radhe (2021 film)
Radhe: Your Most Wanted Bhai is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Prabhu Deva and produced by Salman Khan, Sohail Khan, Atul Agnihotri and Zee Studios. It is a remake of the 2017 South Korean film The Outlaws. It stars Khan, Disha Patani, Randeep Hooda and Jackie Shroff.

Radhe was originally scheduled to release theatrically on 22 May 2020, but was postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was finally released on 13 May 2021, coinciding with Eid al-Fitr, as premium video on demand on Zee Plex through ZEE5 in India, with a theatrical release overseas. Though Radhe received highly negative reviews from critics and audiences alike, who criticized the story, screenplay, direction, unoriginality, chemistry and VFX, with 4.2 million views, it became the most watched OTT film on the day of its release. Publications like The Indian Express listed Radhe as one of the worst Indian films of 2021.

Sajid–Wajid
Sajid–Wajid was an Indian Bollywood Hindi film music director duo consisting of brothers Sajid Khan and Wajid Khan, the sons of Sharafat Ali Khan, a tabla player.

Wajid Khan, the younger of the two brothers, died on June 1, 2020.
Sander Duits
Sander Duits (born 29 August 1983) is a Dutch football manager and former professional footballer who is the head coach of Eerste Divisie club RKC Waalwijk.

As a central midfielder during his playing career, Duits represented De Graafschap, Omniworld, RKC Waalwijk, and Go Ahead Eagles. He notably won the Eerste Divisie title with RKC Waalwijk in the 2010–11 season, subsequently playing several seasons in the Eredivisie. Following retirement from professional football in 2017 due to persistent knee issues, he transitioned into coaching and served as an assistant at RKC Waalwijk and Twente before becoming head coach at RKC Waalwijk in 2025.

2008–09 Eerste Divisie
Eerste Divisie 2008–09 began in August 2008 and concluded in May 2009, with the promotion playoffs. Sixteen clubs remained in the Eerste Divisie, whilst Excelsior and VVV-Venlo were relegated from the 2007–08 Eredivisie. VVV-Venlo won the league title and were promoted to the Eredivisie, the highest tier of football in the Netherlands, while eight other teams competed in a playoff with two Eredivisie sides for two Eredivisie places.
Compensator (control theory)
A compensator is a component in the control system that is used to regulate another system. Usually, it is done by conditioning the input or the output to that system. There are three types of compensators: lag, lead and lag-lead compensators.

Adjusting a control system in order to improve its performance might lead to unexpected behaviour (e.g., poor stability or even instability by increasing the gain value). In order to make the system behave as desired, it is necessary to redesign the system and add a compensator, a device which compensates for the deficient performance of the original system.

Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.
2011 5-hour Energy 200
The 2011 5-hour Energy 200 was the 11th stock car race of the 2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 30th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday May 14, 2011 in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. Carl Edwards won the race after a spectacular crash on the final lap of the race after two Green-White-Checkered attempts.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Dover Motor Speedway
Stock car racing events in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series have been held at the Dover Motor Speedway. The track held 2 races annually from 1986 to 2020. The track dropped to one race a year in 2021, as Dover Motorsports gave a race to Nashville Superspeedway, where an annual race is held.
The Denmark News
The Denmark News is a weekly newspaper based in Denmark, Wisconsin. The newspaper primarily serves Denmark, Maribel, and Kellnersville, and is distributed throughout Brown, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc Counties.

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
2022 12 Hours of Mugello
The 2022 Hankook 12 Hours of Mugello was the 8th running of the 12 Hours of Mugello. It was also 2nd round of the 2022 24H GT and 2022 TCE Series. The race was won by Samantha Tan, Bryson Morris, and Nick Wittmer in the #1 ST Racing BMW M4 GT3.

2022 24H GT Series
The 2022 24H GT Series powered by Hankook was the eighth season of the 24H Series with drivers battling for championship points and titles and the thirteenth season since Creventic, the organiser and promoter of the series, organised multiple races a year. The races were contested with GT3-spec cars, GT4-spec cars, sports cars and 24H-Specials, like silhouette cars.
Parnassius hardwickii
Parnassius hardwickii, the common blue Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in South Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). This butterfly is found from the Chitral District to Sikkim and is found from 6,000 to 17,000 feet (1,800 to 5,200 m), making it one of the most commonly encountered species of Apollo in the Indian subcontinent.

Parnassius
Parnassius is a genus of northern circumpolar and montane (alpine and Himalayan) butterflies usually known as Apollos or snow Apollos. They can vary in colour and form significantly based on their altitude. They also exhibit altitudinal melananism, a high-altitude adaptation. They have dark bodies and darker coloring at the base of their wings, which allows them to absorb solar energy more quickly.

Although classified under the swallowtail butterfly family, none of the Parnassius species possesses tails.

The larvae feed on species of plants belonging to the Papaveraceae and Crassulaceae families, and like the other swallowtail butterfly larvae, possess an osmeterium. Unlike most butterflies that have exposed pupae, they pupate inside a loose silken cocoon.
Western Wall camera
A Western Wall camera, also known as a wallcam, is a live webcam that displays action at the Western Wall live as it is taking place.

Some cameras operate all the time. Others refrain from operating during Shabbat and Jewish holy days.

Webcam
A webcam is a video camera which is designed to record or stream to a computer or computer network. They are primarily used in video telephony, live streaming and social media, and security. Webcams can be built-in computer hardware, like a laptop, or peripheral devices, and are commonly connected to a device using USB or wireless protocol.

Webcams have been used on the Internet as early as 1993, and the first widespread commercial one became available in 1994. Early webcam usage on the Internet was primarily limited to stationary shots streamed to web sites. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, instant messaging clients added support for webcams, increasing their popularity in video conferencing. Computer manufacturers later started integrating webcams into laptop hardware. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of webcams due to the increased number of people working from home and children attending school remotely.
Irvine Ranch Water District
Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) is a special district formed in 1961 and incorporated under the California water code. The IRWD headquarters is located in Irvine, California.

IRWD offers potable water sales, sewer service, and the sale of reclaimed (or recycled) water. IRWD serves the city of Irvine, portions of Costa Mesa, Lake Forest, Newport Beach, Orange, and Tustin, and unincorporated areas of Orange County.

Orange, California
Orange is a city located in northern Orange County, California, United States. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in this region because many of the homes in its Old Town District were built before 1920. While many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population of Orange was 139,911 as of 2020.
XIX Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.)
XIX Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force) was a Royal Horse Artillery brigade of the Territorial Force that was formed by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in January 1917 for the Imperial Mounted Division (later renamed Australian Mounted Division).  It served with the division thereafter in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and was broken up after the end of World War I.

13th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
The 1st South Midland Mounted Brigade (later numbered as the 5th Mounted Brigade) was a yeomanry brigade of the British Army, formed as part of the Territorial Force in 1908.

It served dismounted in the Gallipoli Campaign before being remounted to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.

In April 1918, it was merged with elements of the 3rd (Ambala) Cavalry Brigade to form 13th Cavalry Brigade. It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties.
USS Herndon (DD-198)
USS Herndon (DD-198) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy. Herndon served in the United States Coast Guard as CG-17. She was later transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Churchill and still later to the Soviet Navy as Deyatelny.

Clemson-class destroyer
The Clemson class was a series of 156 destroyers (six more were cancelled and never begun) built at the end of World War I, the majority of which served with the United States Navy from after World War I and through World War II.

The Clemson-class ships were commissioned by the United States Navy from 1919 to 1922, built by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, New York Shipbuilding Corporation, William Cramp & Sons, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Bath Iron Works, some quite rapidly. The Clemson class was a minor redesign of the Wickes class for greater fuel capacity and was the last pre-World War II class of flush-deck destroyers to be built for the United States. Until the Fletcher-class destroyer, the Clemsons were the most numerous class of destroyers commissioned in the United States Navy and were known colloquially as "flush-deckers", "four-stackers" or "four-pipers".
2015 Challenger La Manche
The 2015 Challenger La Manche was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cherbourg, France between 23 February and 1 March.

Challenger La Manche
The Challenger Cherbourg La Manche is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It has been held annually at the Complexe Sportif Chantereyne in Cherbourg, France, since 1994 and it is the oldest Challenger in the world in terms of consecutive editions.
Society of Actuaries in Ireland
The Society of Actuaries in Ireland is the professional body of Irish actuaries. The Society was founded on 3 May 1972 by seventeen fellow members of the Institute and the Faculty of Actuaries residing in Ireland. Since then, the membership has grown to more than 2,100. The current president of the Society is Michael Culligan.

The Society is a full member of the International Actuarial Association and the Actuarial Association of Europe.

Faculty of Actuaries
The Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland was the professional body representing actuaries in Scotland. The Faculty of Actuaries was one of two actuarial bodies in the UK, the other was the Institute of Actuaries, which was a separate body in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. While the Faculty of Actuaries and the Institute of Actuaries were separate institutions, they worked very closely together, and the professional qualifications and professional standards for actuaries were identical in each of them. On 25 May 2010, voting members of the Faculty who took part in a ballot voted to merge the Faculty with the Institute of Actuaries, thus creating the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries which came into being on 1 August 2010, superseding the Faculty of Actuaries which ceased to exist on that date.
LoneStarCon 1
LoneStarCon 1 was the third North American Science Fiction Convention, held in Austin, Texas, on August 30-September 2, 1985, at the Hyatt Regency Austin, Sheraton Crest, and Palmer Auditorium. LoneStarCon 1 was also known as "The First Occasional Lone Star Science Fiction Convention & Chili Cook-off" and "ChiliCon".  This NASFiC was held because Melbourne, Australia, was selected as the location for the 1985 Worldcon.

North American Science Fiction Convention
NASFiC, an abbreviation for North American Science Fiction Convention, is a science fiction convention scheduled in North America during years when a Worldcon is being held outside North America; NASFiCs are held only during such years. Bids for the location of a NASFiC are voted on by the membership of the Worldcon (or NASFiC if it exists), the year after a non-North-American Worldcon site has been selected. As of 2014, this is one year in advance of a potential NASFiC, since Worldcon sites are chosen two years in advance.
Coquerel's sifaka
Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) is a diurnal, medium-sized lemur of the sifaka genus Propithecus. It is native to northwest Madagascar.  Coquerel's sifaka was once considered a subspecies of Verreaux's sifaka but was eventually granted full species status. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss and hunting.

In popular culture, the title character in the children's TV show Zoboomafoo is a Coquerel's sifaka. The species was named after French entomologist Charles Coquerel.

Matriarchy
Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of power and privilege are held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to anthropology and feminism differ in some respects.

Matriarchies may also be confused with matrilineal, matrilocal, and matrifocal societies. While some may consider any non-patriarchal system to be matriarchal, most academics exclude those systems from matriarchies as strictly defined. Many societies have had matriarchal elements.
Ukrainian Studio of Plastic Arts
Ukrainian Studio of Plastic Arts (Ukrajins'ka Studija Plastyčnoho Mystectva – USPM), founded in 1923 in Prague, operating after 1932 as the  Ukrainian Academy in Prague (1923–1952) was one of the most respected art institutions in what was then Czechoslovakia. It provided systematic education in the fields of fine and applied arts and architecture. Graduates received the title Magister Artis. Not only Ukrainians living in exile studied here, but also Czechs and members of other nationalities. From 1925, it organized annual exhibitions of its students until 1939.

Academy of Fine Arts in Prague
The Academy of Fine Arts in Prague (Czech: Akademie výtvarných umění v Praze; AVU) is an art college in Prague, Czech Republic. Founded in 1799, it is the oldest art college in the country. The school offers twelve master's degree programs and one doctoral program.
Anthony Drennan
Anthony "Anto" Drennan (born on 1 November 1958) is an Irish guitarist and bassist noted for his involvement with the Corrs, Genesis and Mike + the Mechanics.

Drennan is from a musical Irish family and was born in Luton, England; he and his family moved back to Ireland while he was at a young age. He grew up in County Dublin and attended Kilmacud National School.

Drennan became a touring lead guitarist for the Corrs from late 1995 and onwards. He was chosen as the touring second lead guitarist/bassist for Genesis on their 1998 Calling All Stations tour (replacing long-time live band member Daryl Stuermer). In 2010, he was hired as the lead guitarist and secondary bassist of the revived Mike + the Mechanics. He has also played with Clannad, Paul Brady, Moving Hearts, Chris Rea, Davy Spillane, the Liffey Light Orchestra, and the Ronnie Drew Band.

Daryl Stuermer
Daryl Mark Stuermer (born November 27, 1952) is an American musician, songwriter, singer, and record producer best known for playing the guitar and bass for Genesis during live shows, and lead guitar for Phil Collins during most solo tours and albums. He has also released nine solo albums, and tours with his Daryl Stuermer Band.
Metro Tunneling Group
Metro Tunneling Group or MTG (formerly IMCC-JV) is a Joint Venture (JV) of 5 companies currently working as the main contractor for the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC).
The 5 companies are DYWIDAG Systems from Germany, Larsen & Toubro from India, Samsung Corporation from South Korea, Ircon International from India, and Shimizu Corporation from Japan. DMRC is the joint venture of Government of India and Government of Delhi.

On 19 December 2006, the international joint venture - Metro Tunneling Group received the Letter of Acceptance from Delhi Metro Rail Corporation for the Contract BC18.
The scope of work for the new contract includes the design and civil works for a 3.1 km long metro twin tunnel and two underground metro stations. Within the construction period of 36 month the tunnel will be built by Shield TBM whereas the stations will be constructed using the cut and cover method.

Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. It operates in sectors including industrial technology, heavy industry, engineering, construction, manufacturing, power, information technology, defence, and financial services.

L&T was founded in 1938 in Bombay by Danish engineers Henning Holck-Larsen and Søren Kristian Toubro. As of  31 March 2022, the L&T Group consisted of 93 subsidiaries, 5 associate companies, 27 joint ventures, and 35 joint operations. As of 1 October 2023, S N Subrahmanyan serves as the chairman and managing director of L&T, having succeeded A M Naik.
Acrothamnus
Acrothamnus is a  genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The species, which were formerly included in the genus Leucopogon, occur in eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Pacific. They include:

Acrothamnus colensoi  (Hook.f.) Quinn

Acrothamnus hookeri  (Sond.) Quinn

Acrothamnus maccraei  (F.Muell.) Quinn - Subalpine beard-heath

Acrothamnus montanus  (R.Br) Quinn - 	Snow beard-heath

Acrothamnus spathaceus  (Pedley) Quinn

Acrothamnus suaveolens  (Hook.f.) Quinn

Acrothamnus colensoi
Acrothamnus colensoi, also known as Colenso's mingimingi or mountain heath, is a species of plant in the family Ericaceae endemic to New Zealand. It is a small shrub that grow to approximately 50 cm tall, and  can spread to form mounds of up to 2 m across. Fruit are round and are white, pink or dark red in colour. It can be found in both the lower North and eastern South Islands, in scrubland, tussock grassland, and rocky fellfield.
Avignon Exchange
The Avignon Exchange was one of the first foreign exchange markets in history, established in the Comtat Venaissin during the Avignon Papacy. The Exchange was composed of the agents (factores) of the great Italian banking-houses, who acted as money-changers as well as financial intermediaries between the Apostolic Camera and its debtors and creditors. The most prosperous quarter of the city of Avignon, where the bankers settled, became known simply as the Exchange. According to de Roover, "Avignon can be considered an Italian colony, since the papal bankers were all Italians".

Avignon was the first legal body to regulate fiduciary transactions: a statute of Avignon, of 1243, contains a paragraph entitled De Litteris Cambii, "of bills of exchange".

Comtat Venaissin
The Comtat Venaissin (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃ta vənɛsɛ̃]; Occitan: lo Comtat Venaicin; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the Comtat for short, was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southern France.

The state was a separate independent enclave within the Kingdom of France but not part of it, comprising the area around the city of Avignon (itself always a separate comtat) roughly between the Rhône, the Durance and Mont Ventoux, and a small exclave located to the north around the town of Valréas purchased by Pope John XXII. The Comtat also bordered (and mostly surrounded) the Principality of Orange. The region is still known informally as the Comtat Venaissin, although this no longer has any political meaning.
Media Delivery Index
The Media Delivery Index (MDI) is a set of measures that can be used to monitor both the quality of a delivered video stream as well as to show system margin for IPTV systems by providing an accurate measurement of jitter and delay at network level (Internet Protocol, IP), which are the main causes for quality loss. Identifying and quantizing such problems in this kind of networks is key to maintaining high quality video delivery and providing indications that warn system operators with enough advance notice to allow corrective action.

The Media Delivery Index is typically displayed as two numbers separated by a colon: the Delay Factor (DF) and the Media Loss Rate (MLR).

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.