hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erzgebirgskreis I
Erzgebirgskreis I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 163. It is located in southwestern Saxony, comprising most of the Erzgebirgskreis district.

Erzgebirgskreis I was created for the 2009 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Thomas Dietz of the Alternative for Germany (AfD).

Erzgebirgskreis
Erzgebirgskreis is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the Ore Mountains (German: Erzgebirge), a mountain range in the southern part of the district which forms part of the Germany–Czech Republic border. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Vogtlandkreis and Zwickau, the urban district Chemnitz, the district Mittelsachsen and the Czech Republic.
Hermite–Hadamard inequality
In mathematics, the Hermite–Hadamard inequality, named after Charles Hermite and Jacques Hadamard and sometimes also called Hadamard's inequality, states that if a function f : [a, b] → R is convex, then the following chain of inequalities hold:

The inequality has been generalized to higher dimensions: if  is a bounded, convex domain and  is a positive convex function, then

where  is a constant depending only on the dimension.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
Yarborough Cemetery
Yarborough Cemetery is an historic cemetery located in Belize City, Belize. It was the first cemetery in British Honduras, used from 1787 until 1896, and was established for the burial of members of the colonial Anglican Church. It was named after the magistrate who owned the land. The cemetery was renovated in 1999 with the addition of perimeter fencing, landscaping and a marble memorial wall highlighting the names and contributions of those buried there. In 2009, the government designated it an archaeological reserve.

The cemetery is located near St. John's Cathedral, near Government House.

Belize City
Belize City is the largest city in Belize. It was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2022 census, Belize City has a population of 63,999 people. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, which is a distributary of the Belize River. The Belize River empties into the Caribbean Sea eight kilometres (five miles) from Belize City on the Philip Goldson Highway on the coast of the Caribbean. The city is the country's principal port and its financial and industrial hub. Cruise ships drop anchor outside the port and are tendered by local citizens. The city was almost entirely destroyed in October 1961 when Hurricane Hattie swept ashore. It was the capital of British Honduras (as Belize was then named) until the government was moved to the new capital of Belmopan in 1970.
Vladimir Shcherbachov
Vladimir Vladimirovich Shcherbachov (Shcherbachyov, Shcherbachev)  (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Щербачёв; 25 January 1889, in Warsaw – 5 March 1952, in Leningrad) was a Soviet composer.

He studied with Maximilian Steinberg, Anatoly Lyadov, and Jāzeps Vītols (Joseph Wihtol) at the St. Petersburg Conservatory from 1908 to 1914. While there he also worked as a pianist for Sergey Diaghilev and taught theory. He served in World War I and then worked in Soviet government music positions. In 1918-1923 he worked as a lecturer and ran the musical department of the Narkompros. He later became a professor at the Leningrad Conservatory (1923-1931 and 1944-1948) and the Tbilisi Conservatory. He counted Boris Arapov, Vasily Velikanov, Evgeny Mravinsky, Valery Zhelobinsky, Gavriil Popov, Valerian Bogdanov-Berezovsky, Pyotr Ryazanov, and Mikhail Chulaki among his pupils, as well as various others.

Maximilian Steinberg
Maximilian Osseyevich Steinberg (Russian: Максимилиан Осеевич Штейнберг; 4 July 1883 [O.S. 22 June] – 6 December 1946) was a Russian composer of classical music.

Though once considered the hope of Russian music, Steinberg is far less well known today than his mentor (and father-in-law) Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, his rival Igor Stravinsky, or his student protege Dmitri Shostakovich.

In 2014, Steinberg's choral concerto Passion Week was rediscovered and performed for the first time. It was instantly praised as a masterpiece by both lovers and performers of Classical music. This has triggered a revival of interest in the life and music of Maximilian Steinberg.
Kozagawa Prefectural Natural Park
Kozagawa Prefectural Natural Park (古座川県立自然公園, Kozagawa kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Established in 2010, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Kozagawa, Shirahama, and Susami. The park's central feature is the eponymous Koza River (古座川).

Susami, Wakayama
Susami (すさみ町, Susami-chō) is a town in Nishimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2021, the town had an estimated population of 3,709 in 2041 households and a population density of 21 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 174.45 square kilometres (67.36 sq mi).
Hot-point probe
A hot point probe is a method of quickly determining whether a semiconductor sample is n-type or p-type. The sample is probed using a voltmeter or ammeter and a heat source, such as a soldering iron, is placed on one of the leads. The heat will cause charge carriers (electrons in n-type, holes in p-type) to move away from the lead. The heat from the probe creates an increased number of carriers, which then diffuse away from the contact point. This causes a current/voltage difference.

For example, if the heat source is placed on the positive lead of a voltmeter attached to an n-type semiconductor, a positive voltage reading will result as the area around the heat source/positive lead becomes positively charged. A simple explanation is that the thermally-excited majority free carriers move from the hot probe to the cold probe.  The mechanism for this motion with in semiconductor is diffusion type since the material is uniformly doped.

Ammeter
An ammeter (abbreviation of ampere meter) is an instrument used to measure the current in a circuit. Electric currents are measured in amperes (A), hence the name. For direct measurement, the ammeter is connected in series with the circuit in which the current is to be measured. An ammeter usually has low resistance so that it does not cause a significant voltage drop in the circuit being measured.

Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or microampere range, are designated as milliammeters or microammeters. Early ammeters were laboratory instruments that relied on the Earth's magnetic field for operation. By the late 19th century, improved instruments were designed which could be mounted in any position and allowed accurate measurements in electric power systems. It is generally represented by letter 'A' in a circuit.
John Papworth
John Papworth (12 December 1921 – 4 July 2020) was an English clergyman, writer and activist. Throughout his life, he campaigned for the causes of antimilitarism, localism and ecologism. He founded Resurgence magazine and wrote in numerous other journals.

In 1997, his controversial views on shoplifting in supermarkets attracted international attention.

Local community
A local community has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is often used to refer to a group that is organized around common values and is attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household. The word can also refer to the national community or global community.

The word "community" is derived from the Old French communité which is derived from the Latin communitas (cum, "with/together" and munus, "gift"), a broad term for fellowship or organized society.

A sense of community refers to people's perception of interconnection and interdependence, shared responsibility, and common goals.

Understanding a community entails having knowledge of community needs and resources, having respect for community members, and involving key community members in programs.
Stordalen Chapel
Stordalen Chapel (Norwegian: Stordalen kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Meråker Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Stordalen. It is one of the three churches in the Meråker parish which is part of the Stjørdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white and yellow, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1863 by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 130 people.

Meråker Municipality
Meråker is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Stjørdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Storlien in Sweden and 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of the town of Stjørdalshalsen in neighboring Stjørdal Municipality. Other villages in the municipality include Gudåa, Kopperå, and Stordalsvollen.

The 1,274-square-kilometre (492 sq mi) municipality is the 80th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Meråker Municipality is the 259th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,454. The municipality's population density is 1.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.9/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality markets itself as a recreational area. The main areas of employment are in industry and agriculture. The municipality is noted for its characteristic dialect.
Magritte Award for Best Production Design
The Magritte Award for Best Production Design (French: Magritte des meilleurs décors) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux. It is one of the Magritte Awards, which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements.

The 1st Magritte Awards ceremony was held in 2011 with Eric Blesin and Marc Nis receiving the award for their work in A Town Called Panic. As of the 2022 ceremony, Lisa Etienne is the most recent winner in this category for her work in Madly in Life.

Académie André Delvaux
The Académie André Delvaux is a Belgian professional organisation dedicated to the promotion and development of Belgian cinema. Founded in 2010, it is responsible for the annual Magritte Awards, Belgium's principal film awards.
Azb REK
The Azb (Urdu: عضب, Sharp) is a family of Pakistani munition guidance kits designed by Air Weapons Complex while marketed for export by Global Industrial Defence Solutions and Qaswa Industries. Also known as the "Range Extension Kit" (REK), it converts conventional General purpose bombs (GPB) into precision-guided glide bombs. Though similar to the American JDAM-ER, it isn't bound to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).

Mark 82 bomb
The Mark 82 is a 500-pound (230 kg) unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used.

It is manufactured by Australia, the United States and Turkey.
HMS Rosario (1808)
HMS Rosario was a Cherokee-class 10-gun brig of the Royal Navy, launched in 1808. She served during the Napoleonic Wars and participated in one engagement that earned her crew the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM). She was sold in 1832.

Cherokee-class brig-sloop
The Cherokee class was a class of brig-sloops of the Royal Navy, mounting ten guns. Brig-sloops were sloops-of-war with two masts (a fore mast and a taller main mast) rather than the three masts of ship sloops.  Orders for 115 vessels were placed, including five which were cancelled and six for which the orders were replaced by ones for equivalent steam-powered paddle vessels.

Many of these sailing vessels served as mail packet ships, and more than eight assisted with exploration and surveys. The best known of the class was HMS Beagle, then considerably modified for Beagle's second survey voyage under Robert FitzRoy, with the gentleman naturalist Charles Darwin on board as a self-funded supernumerary.
Santa Marta mountain tanager
The Santa Marta mountain tanager (Anisognathus melanogenys), also known as the black-cheeked mountain tanager, is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to highland forest in the Santa Marta Mountains in Colombia. It is closely related to the widespread lacrimose mountain tanager, but the distributions of the two do not overlap.

Lacrimose mountain tanager
The lacrimose mountain tanager (Anisognathus lacrymosus) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Andean highland forest from Venezuela, through Colombia and Ecuador, to Peru. Some of its 11 subspecies are quite distinctive and A. l. yariguierum was only scientifically described in 2010.

The bird is named Lacrimose (i.e. crying) for the yellow patch below the eye that suggests tears.
G-Funk Entertainment
G-Funk Entertainment (formerly known as G-Funk Records  and later renamed G-Funk 2000: The New Millennium) is an American vanity label founded by West Coast hip hop artist Warren G. It was a subsidiary of Def Jam Recordings, where it was dropped off and signed to Restless Records in 1998 under a new name to finally arrive to Hawino Records as G-Funk Entertainment in 2005, where Warren G released his album In the Mid-Nite Hour.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Advanced landing ground
Advanced landing grounds (ALGs) were temporary advance airfields constructed by the Allies during World War II during the liberation of Europe. They were built in the UK prior to the invasion and thereafter in northwest Europe from 6 June 1944 to V-E Day, 7 May 1945.

Unlike the permanent airfields built in the United Kingdom and designed for the strategic bombardment of Germany, the tactical combat airfields on the continent were temporary, often improvised airfields to be used by the tactical air forces to support the advancing ground armies engaged on the battlefield. Once the front line moved out of range for the aircraft, the groups and squadrons moved up to newly built ALGs closer to the ground forces and left the ones in the rear for other support uses, or simply abandoned them.

Second Tactical Air Force
The Second Tactical Air Force (2TAF) was one of three tactical air forces within the Royal Air Force (RAF) during and after the Second World War. It was made up of squadrons and personnel from the RAF, other British Commonwealth air forces, and exiles from German-occupied Europe. Renamed as British Air Forces of Occupation in 1945, 2TAF was recreated in 1951 and became Royal Air Force Germany in 1959.
Hawridge
Hawridge (/ˈhærɪdʒ/ HA-rij; recorded as Hoquerug in the 12th century) is a small village in the Chilterns in the county of Buckinghamshire, England and bordering the county boundary with Hertfordshire. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) from Chesham, 4 miles (6.4 km) from both Tring and Berkhamsted. Hawridge is one of four villages making up Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards, a civil parish.

It is a rural community but the agricultural economy is small and most local people rely for employment on neighbouring towns, the proximity of London, the availability of broadband technology or local tourism and the popularity of the area for recreational activities.

Straw plaiting
Straw plaiting is a method of manufacturing textiles by braiding straw and the industry that surrounds the craft of producing these straw manufactures. Straw is plaited to produce products including straw hats and ornaments, and the process is undertaken in a number of locations worldwide.
2005–06 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2005–06 Euro Hockey Tour was the tenth season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Karjala Tournament, Rosno Cup, and the LG Hockey Games. The top two teams met in the final, and the third and fourth place teams met for the third place game.

Euro Hockey Tour
The Euro Hockey Tour (EHT) is an annual ice hockey tournament open to national teams of the Czech Republic, Finland, Switzerland and Sweden. The competition is regarded as a preparation for the upcoming World Championships or Olympics, allowing less experienced players to collect valuable ice time in their national colours.
Mount Jumper
Mount Jumper (78°14′S 85°36′W﻿ / ﻿78.233°S 85.600°W﻿ / -78.233; -85.600) is a mountain 2,890 metres (9,480 ft) high located 7 nautical miles (13 km) east of Mount Viets in the central part of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. Debren Pass separates it from the side ridge descending via Evans Peak. The mountain overlooks Ellen Glacier to the north and east, and its tributaries Patton Glacier and Rumyana Glacier to the south and northwest respectively.

Mount Jumper was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957 to 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Major Jesse T. Jumper of the United States Air Force who participated in establishing the South Pole Station in the 1956–57 season.

Ellen Glacier
The Ellen Glacier is a glacier in the central Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It drains the eastern slopes of Mount Anderson and Long Gables and flows generally southeast for 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) to Barnes Ridge, where it leaves the range and enters the south flowing Rutford Ice Stream.

It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Colonel Cicero J. Ellen of the U.S. Air Force, who was in command of many of the air operations when the South Pole Station was established by air drop in the 1956–57 season.
Tooting Bec F.C.
Tooting Bec Football Club is a football club based in Tooting Bec, Greater London, England. The first team are currently members of the Southern Counties East League Division One and groundshare at High Road, home of Chipstead FC.

Surrey South Eastern Combination
The Surrey South Eastern Combination is one of the three intermediate association football leagues based in the English county of Surrey (the others are the Surrey Premier County Football League and the Surrey County Intermediate League (Western)). It currently comprises clubs from the east of Surrey and parts of Greater London. It was founded in 1991.

The league's top division is situated at the 12th level of the English football league system, and acts as a feeder to the Surrey Elite Intermediate League. Clubs may be promoted into the league from the Kingston & District League and the Wimbledon & District League.

Currently, the league has seven divisions – two Intermediate Divisions and five Junior Divisions.
Flora, Suriname
Flora is a resort in Suriname, located in the Paramaribo District.  Its population at the 2012 census was 19,538. Flora is both the name of the resort and the neighbourhood within the resort. Flora was founded as a wood plantation in 1809.

The neighbourhood Uitvlugt is located in the resort. Uitvlugt used to be a stronghold of the Boeroes, the white farmers, and is still a wealthy neighbourhood.

Resorts of Suriname
The ten districts of Suriname are divided into 63 resorts (Dutch: ressorten). Within the capital city of Paramaribo, a resort entails a neighbourhood; in other cases it is more akin to a municipality, consisting of a central place with a few settlements around it. The resorts in the Sipaliwini District are especially large, since the interior of Suriname is sparsely inhabited.

The average resort is about 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and has almost 8,000 inhabitants. According to article 161 of the Constitution of Suriname, the highest political body of the resort is the resort council. Elections for the resort council are held every five years and are usually at the same time as the Suriname general elections.
John Gathercole
John Robert Gathercole (23 April 1937 – 8 October 2010) was Archdeacon of Dudley from 1987 until 2001.

Gathercole was educated at  The Judd School, Tonbridge and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge; and ordained after a period of study at Ridley Hall, Cambridge in 1963. After curacies in Durham and Croxdale he was Social and Industrial Adviser to the Bishop of Durham from 1967 to 1970. He was the Industrial Chaplain at Redditch from 1970 to 1987; Rural Dean of Bromsgrove from 1978 to 1985; Team Leader  and Senior Chaplain to the Worcester Industrial Mission from  1985 to 1991; Rural Dean of Droitwich from 2007 to 2008; and a Member of the General Synod of the Church of England from 1995 to 2001.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
Social Mobility Commission
The Social Mobility Commission (SMC), formerly the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission (2012–2016) and originally the Child Poverty Commission (2010–2012), is an independent advisory non-departmental public body of the UK Government. Originally sponsored by the Department for Education (DfE), the commission moved to the Cabinet Office on 1 April 2021. It now operates under the sponsorship of the Minister for Women and Equalities as part of the Equality Hub, which also includes the Government Equalities Office, the Race Disparity Unit, and the Disability Unit.

The SMC was established under the Life Chances Act 2010 (formerly the Child Poverty Act 2010), and its statutory role is to monitor progress in improving social mobility in the UK and to promote social mobility in England.

Department for Education
The Department for Education (DfE) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for child protection, child services, education (compulsory, further, and higher education), apprenticeships, and wider skills in England.

A Department for Education previously existed between 1992, when the Department of Education and Science was renamed, and 1995, when it was merged with the Department for Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment.

The current holder of Secretary of State for Education is the Rt Hon Bridget Phillipson MP and Susan Acland-Hood is the permanent secretary.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Education are scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.