hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of Vatican City
The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Vatican City:

Vatican City – an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state, being the sovereign territory of the Holy See and ruled by the Bishop of Rome—the Pope, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The territory of this landlocked sovereign city-state consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of approximately 49 hectares (121 acres) and a population of about 825. This makes Vatican City the smallest independent state in the world by both area and population.

Military in Vatican City
The Vatican City State, formed in 1929, is the heir of the Papal States, which ceased to exist in 1870. Unlike those, the Vatican does not have a military, except for a small number of Swiss Guards and gendarmes, fulfilling mainly representative and policing duties. For any further defense purposes, the Vatican de facto relies on the Italian state and its military.
Glossary of oilfield jargon
Oilfield terminology refers to the jargon used by those working in fields within and related to the upstream segment of the petroleum industry. It includes words and phrases describing professions, equipment, and procedures specific to the industry. It may also include slang terms used by oilfield workers to describe the same.

Core sample
A core sample is a cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally occurring substance. Most core samples are obtained by drilling with special drills into the substance, such as sediment or rock, with a hollow steel tube, called a core drill. The hole made for the core sample is called the "core hole". A variety of core samplers exist to sample different media under different conditions; there is continuing development in the technology. In the coring process, the sample is pushed more or less intact into the tube. Removed from the tube in the laboratory, it is inspected and analyzed by different techniques and equipment depending on the type of data desired.

Core samples can be taken to test the properties of manmade materials, such as concrete, ceramics, some metals and alloys, especially the softer ones. Core samples can also be taken of living things, including human beings, especially of a person's bones for microscopic examination to help diagnose diseases.
83rd Street/South Chicago station
83rd Street/South Chicago station is an electrified commuter rail station along the South Chicago Branch of the Metra Electric Line on the South Side of the city of Chicago. The station is located on 83rd Street at Commercial Avenue near Russell Square Park, and is 11.97 miles (19.26 km) away from the northern terminus, Millennium Station. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 83rd Street is in zone 2. As of 2018, 83rd Street is the 200th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 74 weekday boardings.

West of this station is another Metra Electric station along 83rd Street known as 83rd Street/Avalon Park along the Main Branch. Station-side and on-street parking are available next to the 83rd Street railroad crossing. South of the station, the line curves southeast onto another abandoned railroad right-of-way as it heads towards 93rd Street station in South Chicago.

Chicago Transit Authority bus services
Chicago Transit Authority bus services are provided throughout Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding suburbs, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). As of January 2025, the CTA has 1,966 buses that operate 127 routes. In 2024, the CTA bus system had a ridership of 181,733,800, or about 594,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Holiday at Lake Bodom (15 Years of Wasted Youth)
Holiday at Lake Bodom (15 Years of Wasted Youth) is the third compilation album by Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom, featuring one song from Something Wild, three from Hatebreeder, three from Follow the Reaper, four from Hate Crew Deathroll, four from Are You Dead Yet?, one from Blooddrunk, two from Relentless Reckless Forever, and two previously unreleased cover songs. The DVD portion of the package includes "candid touring and backstage footage from around the world", plus the music video for "Shovel Knockout". The album was released on 22 May 2012.

Hate Crew Deathroll
Hate Crew Deathroll is the fourth studio album by Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom, released in 2003 under the Century Media label. It is the final Children of Bodom album to be recorded with all five original members, as their original rhythm guitarist, Alexander Kuoppala, would leave the band in 2003. It was successful both in Europe and the USA, which is demonstrated by the appearance of the "Needled 24/7" music video on MTV2's Headbangers Ball. "Needled 24/7" also featured on the heavy metal documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey and the 2012 horror comedy video game Lollipop Chainsaw.

The track "Angels Don't Kill" was included on the soundtrack of the 2009 video game Brütal Legend and the track "Hate Crew Deathroll" was included in the 2007 skateboarding video game Skate.
Ne Ch'e Ddhawa
Ne Ch'e Ddhäwa is the Northern Tutchone name for an eroded tuya approximately 7 km up the Yukon River from Fort Selkirk (UTM zone 8V 383955 E, 69600091 N) (it has been informally called  Wootten's Cone) in the Fort Selkirk Volcanic Field of central Yukon, Canada. It has been described as a cinder cone or a subglacial mound. The volcano erupted subglacially  between 2.0 and 2.3 million years ago during the early Pleistocene, erupting hyaloclastite tuffs, breccias, and pillow breccias. These hyaloclastites locally contain exotic clasts and bodies of till melted from an ice sheet during the subglacial eruption.

Fort Selkirk volcanic field
The Fort Selkirk volcanic field is a monogenetic volcanic field in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, Yukon Territory, Canada. It is the northernmost Holocene age volcanic field in Canada, located close to the connection of the Yukon and Pelly rivers. The youngest eruptions within the field are unknown. However, the youngest volcano Volcano Mountain produced lava flows that appear to be only a few hundred years old.
Niagara West—Glanbrook (provincial electoral district)
Niagara West—Glanbrook was a provincial electoral district in south eastern Ontario, Canada between 2007 and 2018. It elected one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The riding, which was first contested in the 2007 provincial election, consisted of the municipalities of Grimsby, Pelham, West Lincoln, Lincoln and that part of Hamilton east of Glancaster Road and south of the transmission line south of Rymal Road south of the former city of Hamilton, and also south of the Niagara Escarpment east of the former city.

52.5% of the riding came from Stoney Creek, 31.5% came from Erie—Lincoln, 15.6% came from Niagara Centre and 0.2% came from Hamilton Mountain.

In 2018, the riding was dissolved into Niagara West and Flamborough—Glanbrook.

Hamilton Mountain (provincial electoral district)
Hamilton Mountain is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1967. The riding is located in the Hamilton, Ontario region.

The socio-economic composition of the Hamilton Mountain is diverse, having low-income public housing residents and million-dollar estates, highly paid unionized workers and small-wage unskilled workers, and well-established families and recent immigrants.
2018–19 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy
The 2018–19 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy was the ninth edition of the women's List-A tournament in India. It was played from 3 January to 6 January 2019. The participating teams were India Blue, India Green and India Red. It was played in a round-robin format, with the top two progressing to the final. India Red defeated India Blue by 15 runs in the final to win the Challenger Trophy for the 3rd time.

Senior Women's Challenger Trophy
The Senior Women's Challenger Trophy was an Indian women's one-day cricket tournament. It was the women's version of NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. Established in the 2008–09 season, it was played with the purpose of showcasing the talent that the country has, as well as providing opportunities for younger players to make an impression. India Blue have won the tournament five times. The current champions are India A, who won the 2021–22 edition.
8th Submarine Squadron (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 8th Submarine Squadron of the Imperial Japanese Navy was based at Swettenham Pier, Penang, Malaya, until late 1944 during World War II. Its mission was to disrupt Allied supply lines in aid of Nazi Germany.

USS Swordfish (SS-193)
USS Swordfish (SS-193), a Sargo-class submarine, was the first submarine of the United States Navy named for the swordfish, a large fish with a long, swordlike beak and a high dorsal fin. She was the first American submarine to sink a Japanese ship during World War II.
Hrasno
Hrasno (Cyrillic: Храсно) is a neighbourhood in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is divided into four local communities: Hrasno, Staro Hrasno, Hrasno Brdo and Trg Heroja. Staro Hrasno is located in the municipality of Novi Grad, while the other three local communities are parts of the Novo Sarajevo municipality. Before the Bosnian War, Hrasno, Staro Hrasno and Trg Heroja were considered part of a single local community.

It is home of the fourth tallest skyscraper in the Balkans, known as the Bosmal City Center, which is located in Staro Hrasno.

Novi Grad, Sarajevo
Novi Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Град, pronounced [nôʋiː grâːd]; lit. "New Town") is a municipality of the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the westernmost of the four municipalities that make up the city of Sarajevo. The municipality also consists of the villages Bojnik and Rečica.
Deadtime Stories (video game)
Deadtime Stories is a 2010 hidden object PC game developed by I-play and distributed by Big Fish Games. The premise of the game centers around a mysterious character known as Edward Blackgate, and the lost souls interred in his private cemetery, "Everlasting Life". The player meets these lost souls and learns about the events that lead to their downfalls, respectively.

Big Fish Games
Big Fish Games, Inc. is a casual game company based in Seattle with a regional office in Oakland, California, owned by BFG Entertainment. It is a developer and distributor of casual games for computers and mobile devices.

In 2016, the company was accused of knowingly deceiving customers into signing up for monthly purchases without informed consent. It was also the subject of a class action lawsuit over its app Big Fish Casino, resulting in a settlement of $155 million after a federal appeals court ruled that it constituted illegal online gambling.
Tamentit
Tamentit (Arabic: تامنطيت, romanized: Tamanṭīṭ is a town and commune of Fenoughil District in Adrar Province in southcentral Algeria. According to the 2008 census, it has a population of 9481, up from 7912 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 1.9%.

Until the late twentieth century, the people of Tamentit spoke Gurara, a variety of the Berber language called Zenati, which is spoken by the Sanhaja.

Fenoughil
Fenoughil (Arabic: ﻓﻨﻮﻏﻴﻞ) is a commune, and the capital of Fenoughil District, Adrar Province, in south-central Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 11,793, up from 9,962 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 1.7%.
Rule of three (C++ programming)
The rule of three and rule of five are rules of thumb in C++ for the building of exception-safe code and for formalizing rules on resource management. The rules prescribe how the default members of a class should be used to achieve these goals systematically.

Exception safety
Exception safety is the state of code working correctly when exceptions are thrown. To aid in ensuring exception safety, C++ standard library developers have devised a set of exception safety levels, contractual guarantees of the behavior of a data structure's operations with regard to exceptions. Library implementers and clients can use these guarantees when reasoning about exception handling correctness. The exception safety levels apply equally to other languages and error-handling mechanisms.
2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations
The 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations (Arabic: كأس الأمم الإفريقية للسيدات 2024), officially known as the 2024 TotalEnergies Women's Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship purposes and as WAFCON 2024 for short, was the 15th edition of the biennial African women's football tournament organised by the Confederation of African Football. This was the second consecutive time for Morocco hosting the tournament, having also hosted the previous edition two years before. The tournament was delayed and took place between 5 and 26 July 2025.

South Africa were the defending champions but were eliminated by record champions Nigeria in the semi-finals. Nigeria went on to beat Morocco 3–2 in the final to win the tournament for the record-extending 12th time.

2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations final
The 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations final was the 14th final of the biennial African women's association football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) contested between Morocco and South Africa at Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium in Rabat, Morocco on 23 July 2022.

The first final in the history of the competition to feature neither the 11-time winners and defending champions Nigeria nor 2-time host-nation winners Equatorial Guinea, South Africa claimed its inaugural title at the 6th attempt with a 2–1 win against host nation Morocco. Prior to this final, the men's national teams of Morocco and South Africa already faced each other in a qualification match for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations at the same stadium, which Morocco also won 2–1.
East Mata
East Mata is an hydrothermally active submarine volcano located in the northeastern Lau Basin, right beside the far known West Mata volcano, which effusively erupted in 2009. It is located roughly 95 km (59 mi) north of Hihifo, Tonga. It can be found on the northern portion of the Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc which extends from North Island of New Zealand all the way to Samoa. The volcano was discovered along with West Mata and other volcanoes in 2008 by a team of NOAA scientists when they visited the region in a research vessel.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Newark Velodrome
The Newark Velodrome was a wooden bicycle track in the Vailsburg neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, located at the northeast corner of the intersection of South Orange Avenue and Munn Avenue. It opened in 1911 and measured six laps to the mile, or 293 yards per lap. It replaced another 1/6-mile wooden velodrome that was located to the south, in the northwest corner of the current Vailsburg Park. That velodrome opened on May 10, 1908, and replaced a 1/4-mile wooden velodrome that had opened in 1897 on the same site.

The Newark Tornadoes of the National Football League also played several "home" games on the track's grassy infield during the 1930 season, while the other "home" games were played at Newark Schools Stadium.

Orange/Newark Tornadoes
The Orange Tornadoes and Newark Tornadoes were two manifestations of a long-lived professional American football franchise that existed in some form from 1887 to 1941 and from 1958 to 1970, having played in the American Amateur Football Union from 1888 to 1895, the National Football League from 1929 to 1930, the American Association from 1936 to 1941, the Atlantic Coast Football League from 1963 to 1964 and 1970, and the Continental Football League from 1965 to 1969. The team was based for most of its history in Orange, New Jersey, with many of its later years in Newark. Its last five seasons of existence were as the Orlando Panthers, when the team was based in Orlando, Florida. The NFL franchise was sold back to the league in October 1930. The team had four head coaches in its two years in the NFL – Jack Depler in Orange, and Jack Fish, Al McGall and Andy Salata in Newark.
Linear control
Linear control are control systems and control theory based on negative feedback for producing a control signal to maintain the controlled process variable (PV) at the desired setpoint (SP). There are several types of linear control systems with different capabilities.

Process variable
In control theory, a process variable (PV; also process value or process parameter) is the current measured value of a particular part of a process which is being monitored or controlled. An example of this would be the temperature of a furnace. The current temperature is the process variable, while the desired temperature is known as the set-point (SP).
Jacquelline Fuller
Jacquelline Fuller is an American executive and philanthropist known for her work at Google. She led the company’s charitable arm, Google.org. Fuller also worked for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as its Deputy Director of Global Health.

Google.org
Google.org, founded in October 2005, is the charitable arm of Google, a multinational technology company. The organization has committed roughly US$100 million in investments and grants to nonprofits annually.

The organization is noted for several significant grants to nonprofits using technology and data in innovative ways to support racial justice, educational opportunity, crisis response after health epidemics and natural disasters, and issues affecting the San Francisco Bay Area community where it is headquartered. It also hosts regular challenges around the world to stimulate innovative uses of technologies to address local challenges.
Abu Hammad
Abu Hammad (Arabic: أبو حماد) is a city and the administrative center of Abu Hammad Markaz, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. It is located about 17 kilometers southeast of the governorate capital Zagazig, and has an average elevation of 228 meters above the sea level. As of 2023, it had a total population of 46,004 .

Zagazig
Zagazig (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ez.zæʔæˈziːʔ], locally [ez.zæɡæˈziːɡ]) is a city in Egypt. Situated in the eastern part of the Nile delta, it is the capital of the governorate of Sharqia. It is located on the Muweis Canal and is a hub of the corn and cotton trade. The city contains the Museum of Tal Basta Antiquities, including archaeological exhibits.

The city is home to Zagazig University, founded in 1974, one of the largest universities in Egypt, with colleges in different fields of science and arts. The Archaeological Museum of the University of Zagazig exhibits significant finds from the nearby sites, Bubastis (Tell Basta) and Kufur Nigm. The most notable streets in Zagazig are Farouk Street, Government Street, Abu Hamad and El Kawmia Street.
Bichon au citron
The bichon au citron is a French pastry similar to a turnover in size, shape, and that it is made of puff pastry. A major distinguishing feature is that it is filled with lemon curd. The outer layer of sugar is sometimes partially caramelized.

Puff pastry
Puff pastry, also known as pâte feuilletée, is a light, flaky pastry, its base dough (détrempe) composed of wheat flour and water. Butter or other solid fat (beurrage) is then layered into the dough. The dough is repeatedly rolled and folded, rested, re-rolled and folded, encasing solid butter between each resulting layer.

This produces a laminated dough. During baking, gaps form between the layers left by the fat melting; the pastry is leavened by steam from the water content of the fat as it expands, puffing the separate layers. The pastry layers crisp as the heated fat is in contact with its surfaces.
Bonelab
Bonelab is a 2022 video game developed and published by American studio Stress Level Zero. It is a sequel to the 2019 game Boneworks. The player controls an outcast that escapes death and explores experimental worlds in a research lab in MythOS. Bonelab released for Windows and Meta Quest 2 on September 29, 2022.

Inverse kinematics
In computer animation and robotics, inverse kinematics (IK) is the mathematical process of calculating the variable joint parameters needed to place the end of a kinematic chain, such as a robot manipulator or an animation rig's hand or foot, in a given position and orientation (relative to the start of the chain). IK operations are computationally much more complex than forward kinematics, in which joint parameters are trigonometrically calculated to achieve the position and orientation of the chain's end.
Brachidontes pharaonis
Brachidontes pharaonis is a species of mussel from the family Mytilidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, and has colonised the Mediterranean Sea where it is regarded as an invasive species.

Mytilidae
The Mytilidae are a family of small to large marine and brackish-water bivalve molluscs in the order Mytilida. One of the genera, Limnoperna, even inhabits freshwater environments. Mytilidae, which contains some 52 genera, is the only extant family within the order Mytilida.

Species in the family Mytilidae are found worldwide, but they are more abundant in colder seas, where they often form uninterrupted beds on rocky shores in the intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal. The subfamily Bathymodiolinae is found in deep-sea habitats.

Mytilids include the well-known, edible sea mussels.

A common feature of the shells of mussels is an asymmetrical shell, which has a thick, adherent periostracum.  The animals attach themselves to a solid substrate using a byssus.

A 2020 study of the phylogeny of the Mytilidae recovered two main clades derived from an epifaunal ancestor, with subsequent lineages shifting to other lifestyles, and correlating convergent evolution of siphon traits.
Üxheim
Üxheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town. The outlying centre of Niederehe is a state-recognized recreational resort (Erholungsort).

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.
0-10-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-10-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels on five axles and no trailing wheels. In the United Kingdom, this type is known as a Decapod, a name which is applied to 2-10-0 types in the United States. In the United States, the type is known as ten-coupled.

2-10-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere the 2-10-2 is known as the Santa Fe type, after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway that first used the type in 1903.