hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rigid-framed electric locomotive
Rigid-framed electric locomotives were some of the first generations of electric locomotive design. When these began the traction motors of these early locomotives, particularly with AC motors, were too large and heavy to be mounted directly to the axles and so were carried on the frame. One of the initial simplest wheel arrangements for a mainline electric locomotive, from around 1900, was the 1′C1′ arrangement, in UIC classification.

Some of these locomotives had their driving wheels coupled with coupling rods, as for steam locomotives. Others had individual motors for each axle, as would later become universal.

By the middle of the century, the bogie arrangement for locomotives became more popular and rigid-framed locomotives are now rare, except for small shunters.

New York Central S-Motor
S-Motor was the class designation given by the New York Central to its ALCO-GE built S-1, S-2, S-2a and S-3 electric locomotives. The S-Motors hold the distinction of being the world's first mass-produced main line electric locomotives with the prototype #6000 being constructed in 1904. The S-Motors would serve alone until the more powerful T-motors began to arrive in 1913, eventually displacing them from main line passenger duties.  From that point the class was assigned to shorter commuter trains and deadhead rolling stock between Grand Central Terminal and Mott Haven coach yard. Some examples, including the prototype later renumbered #100, would serve in this capacity through the Penn Central merger in 1968, only being retired in the 1970s as long distance passenger traffic to Grand Central dried up.
Odor detection threshold
The odor detection threshold is the lowest concentration of a certain odor compound that is perceivable by the human sense of smell. The threshold of a chemical compound is determined in part by its shape, polarity, partial charges, and molecular mass. The olfactory mechanisms responsible for a compound's different detection threshold is not well understood. As such, odor thresholds cannot be accurately predicted. Rather, they must be measured through extensive tests using human subjects in laboratory settings.

Optical isomers can have different detection thresholds because their conformations may cause them to be less perceivable for the human nose. It is only in recent years that such compounds were separated on gas chromatographs.

For raw water treatment and waste water management, the term commonly used is Threshold Odor Number (TON). For instance, the water to be supplied for domestic use in Illinois is 3 TON.

Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe the small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are

parts-per-million – ppm, 10−6

parts-per-billion – ppb, 10−9

parts-per-trillion – ppt, 10−12

parts-per-quadrillion – ppq, 10−15

This notation is not part of the International System of Units (the SI system) and its meaning is ambiguous. In chemistry, ambiguity arises because parts-per notation is able to be used to refer to a mole fraction and a mass fraction, which are unequal depending on the molar mass of the substance.
Runkaus Strict Nature Reserve
Runkaus Strict Nature Reserve (Runkauksen luonnonpuisto) is an internationally recognized nature reserve in Lapland, Finland. It is also a Natura 2000 site, and a Key Biodiversity Area.

The site was established in 1956 and was recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1973. It became a Natura 2000 site in 1998. It is located south of the Kemijoki, and has an area of 7050 hectare, consisting of 75% wetland and 25% forest. It plays a key role in protecting the biodiversity of the region, as it contains ten protected habitats- including string bogs, fens, springs, rivers, dystrophic lakes, and taiga- as well as six protected species, including the Eurasian otter. Many bird species of the region also rely upon the preserve, especially when breeding. However, the area is expected to be severely impacted by climate change.

Kemijoki
The Kemijoki or Kemi River (Swedish: Kemi älv, Northern Sami: Giemajohka), with its 550 km (340 mi) length, is the longest river in Finland. It runs south through the towns of Kemijärvi and Rovaniemi before reaching the Gulf of Bothnia at Kemi.

At Rovaniemi the Ounasjoki river merges with the Kemijoki.

The first hydroelectric plant on the Kemijoki was constructed in 1949 at Isohaara. A total of 15 power plants have been constructed so far. The plants are owned by Kemijoki Oy and Pohjolan Voima Oy. In 2003, the plants produced a total of 4.3 TWh, which was about 34.5% of Finland's total hydroelectric production.
Eric Skeels
Eric Thomas Skeels (born 27 October 1939) is an English former footballer. He played 512 games in the Football League, 507 for Stoke City. He is Stoke's record appearance holder having played in 597 matches in all competitions.

Skeels joined Stoke City in 1959 and soon established himself as an indispensable member of Tony Waddington's starting eleven. He could play in all outfield positions, became known for his consistency, and racked up a club record 597 appearances. During his 17-year spell at the Victoria Ground he helped Stoke to win the Second Division in 1962–63, finish as runner-up of the League Cup in 1964, before winning the competition in 1972 he also helped them to reach the semi-final of the FA Cup in 1970–71 and 1971–72. He left for American side Seattle Sounders in 1976 before spending a short spell back in Stoke-on-Trent with Port Vale. He then became a pub landlord and played occasionally for Leek Town.

1962–63 Stoke City F.C. season
The 1962–63 season was Stoke City's 56th season in the Football League and the 23rd in the Second Division. 1963 was also Stoke's centenary year which was celebrated with a friendly match at the Victoria Ground against Spanish giants Real Madrid.

In the club's centenary year Stoke managed to finally achieve promotion back to the top flight after a ten-year absence. Despite a slow start Stoke went on two fantastic unbeaten runs and although there was a nervy end to the season a Stanley Matthews inspired 2–0 over Luton Town in the final home match secured Stoke both promotion to the First Division and the Second Division title.
The Great Canadian Baking Show season 3
The third season of The Great Canadian Baking Show premiered on CBC Television on September 18, 2019. Ten amateur bakers competed over eight weeks of challenges, vying for the title. The season marked the debut of Carolyn Taylor and Aurora Browne, of the Baroness von Sketch Show, as hosts and chef Kyla Kennaley as judge. French-born Canadian chef and pastry expert Bruno Feldeisen returned as judge for a third season.

The winner of the season was Nataliia Shevchenko, with Colin Asuncion and Jodi Robson as runners-up.

Buttercream
Buttercream, also referred to as butter icing or butter frosting, is used for either filling, coating or decorating cakes. The main ingredients are butter and some type of sugar.

Buttercream is commonly flavored with vanilla. Other common flavors are chocolate, fruits, and other liquid extracts. Food coloring is commonly added if the buttercream is being used as decoration. Buttercream can be piped or spread in decorative patterns and shapes.
Mack Sechele
MacIntyre "Mack" Sechele was the regent of the Kwena tribe from 1978 to 1986. He was born to kgosi Sechele II of the Bakwena and his first wife Lena Rauwe. When a succession dispute occurred between Bonewamang Padi Sechele and Moruakgomo Sechele in 1962, Mack supported Moruakgomo to be kgosi. Though he was the son of a kgosi, Mack did not challenge the seniority of his nephews when they were considered potential heirs.

Neale Sechele was chosen as kgosi in 1963, and Mack became his deputy chief the following year. As Neale had little interest in governing, Mack effectively managed the tribe until the end of his tenure in 1969. Neale's successor Bonewamang died 1978, and Mack was appointed as the district's African Tribal Authority to serve as a regent for Bonewamang's son Kgari Sechele III. Mack resigned in 1986 and was succeeded by his son Moithali Sechele II. His elder son Sentibile did not succeed him due to questions about his legitimacy.

Sechele II
Sechele II Kealeboga Sebele (c. 1860–1918) was kgosi of the Kwena tribe in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (modern day Botswana) from 1911 until his death in 1918. His rule was marked by a split within the tribe as opposing dikgosana led by his uncles rejected his authority. Sechele II was succeeded by his son Sebele II.
Ceriagrion suave
Ceriagrion suave is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Burundi.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Manchester derby
The Manchester derby refers to football matches between Manchester City and Manchester United, first contested in 1881. City play at the City of Manchester Stadium in Bradford, east Manchester, while United play at Old Trafford in the borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester; the two grounds are separated by approximately 4 miles (6.4 km). The teams have played 198 matches in all competitions; United winning 81, City 62 and the remaining 55 have been drawn. Amongst the most successful clubs in England, they have won a combined 104 honours: 68 for Manchester United and 36 for Manchester City. They are also the first two English clubs and world's first cross-city rivals to have won a continental treble; United's success came in 1999, while City's occurred 24 years later.

1904 FA Cup final
The 1904 FA Cup final was a football match between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City on 23 April 1904 at Crystal Palace in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the 33rd Cup final, and the tenth at Crystal Palace.

Each team progressed through four rounds to reach the final. Manchester City were a First Division team chasing a league and cup double; Bolton Wanderers were a mid-table Second Division team. Consequently, most observers anticipated a Manchester City win. In a close match featuring strong defensive play, Manchester City won 1–0. The goal, scored by Billy Meredith, was disputed by those with Bolton sympathies, who believed Meredith to be offside. The victory gave Manchester City their first major honour.
Tellermine 43
The Tellermine 43 was a German circular steel-cased anti-tank blast mine used during the Second World War. It was a simplified version of the Tellermine 42, which enabled simpler production techniques. Between March 1943 and the end of World War II, Germany produced over 3.6 million Tellermine 43s. Several countries produced copies of the mine including Denmark (M/47), France (Model 1948) and Yugoslavia (TMM-1).

Finland used these mines with the designation PANSSARIMIINA m/43.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Triphragmium
Triphragmium is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Phragmidiaceae.

The genus was first described by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in 1825.

The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.

Species:

Triphragmium filipendulae (Lasch) Pass.

Triphragmium ulmariae

Triphragmium ulmariae
Triphragmium ulmariae is a species of rust fungus in the family Phragmidiaceae. It causes meadowsweet rust gall, which develops as a chemically induced swelling, arising from the lower surface of the meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) leaves.
George H. Warren (pilot boat)
The George H. Warren was a 19th-century pilot boat built in 1882 by Nathaniel Porter Keen at North Weymouth, Massachusetts, to replace the Edwin Forrest, No. 4, which was sold to the Pensacola, Florida pilots. The George H. Warren, originally belonged to the Boston pilot fleet but in 1889, she was purchase by a group of New York pilots. She and her crew were lost in the great blizzard of 1895.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Gujarat State Election Commission
Gujarat State Election Commission is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in the Indian state of Gujarat for ensuring that elections in Gujarat are conducted in a free, fair and unbiased way. The Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures the creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Gujarat State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Gujarat State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor.

Elections in Gujarat
Elections in Gujarat have been conducted since 1962 to elect the members of the Gujarat Vidhan Sabha and the members of the lower house of the Indian Parliament, the Lok Sabha. There are 182 Vidhan Sabha constituencies and 26 Lok Sabha constituencies in the state.
Udimore
Udimore /ˈjuːdɪmɔː/ is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. It is located five miles (8 km) west of Rye on the B2089 road to Brede.

The ecclesiastical parish is teamed with Brede; the two parish churches are St George, Brede and St Mary Udimore.

Rother District
Rother is a local government district in East Sussex, England. Its council is based in Bexhill-on-Sea. The district is named after the River Rother which flows within its boundaries.

The neighbouring districts are Wealden, Tunbridge Wells, Ashford, Folkestone and Hythe, and Hastings. Aside from its coast, Hastings is surrounded by Rother.
Catoca Airport
Catoca Airport (IATA: CTV) is an airport in the Lunda Sul Province of Angola. It serves the Catoca diamond mine.

The runway is 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of the city of Saurimo, and is 17 nautical miles from the Saurimo VOR-DME (Ident: VSA), located on the Saurimo Airport.

The runway had recently been asphalted by Fidens under contract to the Catoca Mine. The usable runway had been shortened slightly and received twice weekly flights from Luanda by TAAG Angolan Airlines on a Monday and a Friday. While these flights were operated by TAAG, they were charter flights reserved for Catoca Mine employees only.

Lunda Sul Province
Lunda Sul Province is not to be confused with Luanda Sul, a satellite city of Luanda, the capital of Angola.

Lunda Sul ("South Lunda") is a province of Angola. It has an area of 77,637 km2 and a 2014 census population of 537,587. Saurimo is the provincial capital.
Process management (computing)
A process is a program in execution, and an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes. To meet these requirements, The OS must maintain a data structure for each process, which describes the state and resource ownership of that process, and which enables the operating system to exert control over each process.

Interrupt
In digital computers, an interrupt is a request for the processor to interrupt currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner. If the request is accepted, the processor will suspend its current activities, save its state, and execute a function called an interrupt handler (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event. This interruption is often temporary, allowing the software to resume normal activities after the interrupt handler finishes, although the interrupt could instead indicate a fatal error.

Interrupts are commonly used by hardware devices to indicate electronic or physical state changes that require time-sensitive attention. Interrupts are also commonly used to implement computer multitasking and system calls, especially in real-time computing. Systems that use interrupts in these ways are said to be interrupt-driven.
Battle of Baia
The Battle of Baia (Romanian: Bătălia de la Baia; Hungarian: moldvabányai csata) was fought on December 15, 1467, between Moldavian prince Stephen the Great and the Hungarian king, Matthias Corvinus. Corvinus invaded Moldavia as a consequence of Stephen's annexation of Chilia—a fortress and harbour on the coast of the Black Sea—from Hungarian and Wallachian forces. It had belonged to Moldavia centuries earlier.

Jan Długosz
Jan Długosz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈdwuɡɔʂ]; 1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as Johannes Longinus, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków. He is considered Poland's first historian.
Ivan Pasteliy
Ivan Pasteliy (Ukrainian: Іван Пастелій; 8 May 1826 – 24 March 1891) was a Ruthenian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve from 1875 to 1891.

Born in Veljatin, Austrian Empire (present day – Slovakia) in 1826, he was ordained a priest on 1 July 1849. He was confirmed as the Bishop by the Holy See on 15 March 1875. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 18 April 1875. The principal consecrator was Bishop Jozef Gaganec.

He died in Uzhhorod on 24 March 1891.

Catholicism portal

Jozef Gaganec
Catholicism portal

Jozef Gaganec (25 March 1793 – 22 December 1875) was a Rusyn Greek Catholic hierarch. He was the bishop of Slovak Catholic Eparchy of Prešov from 1843 to 1875.

Born in Vyšný Tvarožec, Austrian Empire (present day – Slovakia) in the Ruthenian family in 1793, he was ordained a priest on 8 March 1817 for the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve. He was confirmed as the Bishop of Eparchy by the Holy See on 30 January 1843. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 25 June 1843. The principal consecrator was Bishop Vasyl Popovych, and the principal co-consecrators were Archbishop Aristaces Azarian and Bishop Johann Michael Leonhard.

He died in Prešov on 22 December 1875.
Chingkhu Telheiba
Iwang Puriklai Chingkhu Telheiba (ꯏꯋꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯛꯂꯥꯏ ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯨ ꯇꯦꯜꯍꯩꯕꯥ), shortly known as Chingkhu Telheiba (ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯨ ꯇꯦꯜꯍꯩꯕ), was the king of the Moirang dynasty in the ancient Moirang kingdom. He ruled from 1083 CE to 1138 CE, during a time when his family and Moirang Kangla court were central to the stories of the classical epic Khamba Thoibi of the Moirang Kangleirol tradition of Meitei mythology and folklore. Having no sons, his younger brother Chingkhu Akhuba was made the crown prince (wangol ningthou, or wangon ningthou). Both brothers are sometimes called Chingkhuba, which can cause confusion.

Meitei folklore
Meitei folklore is the folklore and mythology of the Meitei people of Manipur, India.

Such folklore is traditionally passed from generation to generation. Currently, the government of Manipur is planning to preserve the folklore of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis
Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis is an aggressive eye disease of unknown etiology, first described in 1975. It has been recorded almost exclusively from Nepal, with the exception of five cases reported from Bhutan. The disease affects prevalently children and can cause blindness. In Nepal, it is the most common reported cause of panuveitis, and in children it is the most prevalent cause of both uveitis and panuveitis.

Panuveitis
Panuveitis also known as Diffuse uveitis or Total uveitis is an eye disease affecting the internal structures of the eye. This inflammation occurs throughout the uveal tract, with no specific areas of predominant inflammation. In most cases, along with the uvea, the retina, vitreous humor, optic nerve or lens are also involved.
Colleen L. McGuire
Brigadier General Colleen L. McGuire is a retired officer of the United States Army. She was the Commanding General of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command and the 13th Provost Marshal General, the first woman to hold either position. McGuire was also the first woman to be commandant of the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Delta Gamma
Delta Gamma (ΔΓ), commonly known as DG, is a North American sorority, although they often still use the term "women's fraternity." It was established in 1873 at the Lewis School in Oxford, Mississippi. It has 151 collegiate chapters and more than 200 alumnae groups. The organization's executive office is in Columbus, Ohio. Delta Gamma was one of seven charter members of the National Panhellenic Conference.
Omos
Tolulope "Jordan" Omogbehin (/ɒˈmɑːs/ o-MAHS) (born May 16, 1992) is a Nigerian professional wrestler and former college basketball player. He is signed to WWE, where he performs in its sister promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide under the ring name Omos.

In the course of his career as a college basketball player, he played for the University of South Florida and Morgan State University from 2014 to 2015 and played as a forward for King University men’s basketball team from 2015 to 2016. Omogbehin signed with WWE in January 2019, and in October 2020, went on to become the personal bodyguard of AJ Styles, with whom he would win the Raw Tag Team Championship at WrestleMania 37. He would then be affiliated with MVP, who served as his manager, from 2022 until the latter's departure in 2024.

GHC Tag Team Championship
The Global Honored Crown (GHC) Tag Team Championship (Japanese: GHCタッグ王座, Hepburn: GHC Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team title in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah. It was created on October 19, 2001, when Vader and Scorpio defeated Jun Akiyama and Akitoshi Saito in a tournament final. Though it is typically contested among heavyweights (>100 kg (220 lb; 16 st)), some junior heavyweights such as Naomichi Marufuji and Yoshinari Ogawa have held it in the past. It is currently one of two tag team titles in Noah, along with the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (reserved for junior heavyweights).