hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carex buxbaumii
Carex buxbaumii is a species of sedge known as Buxbaum's sedge or club sedge. It is native to much of the northern Northern Hemisphere, from Alaska to Greenland to Eurasia, and including most of Canada and the United States. It grows in wet habitat, such as marshes and fens. This sedge grows in clumps from long rhizomes. The stems are 75–100 cm (30–39 in) in maximum height. The leaves are narrow and small. The inflorescence has a bract which is sometimes longer than the spikes. The fruits have dark-colored bracts and a sac called a perigynium or utricle which is gray-green and rough in texture.

Perigynium
In botany, a perigynium (plural: perigynia), also referred to as a utricle, typically refers to a sac that surrounds the achene of plants in the genus Carex (Cyperaceae). The perigynium is a modified prophyll, also known as a glume, which is tissue of leaf origin that encloses the dry, one-seeded achene.

In liverworts, "perigynium" refers to a tube-shaped structure that encases the archegonium and the developing sporophyte.

The location, size, shape, hairiness, color, and other aspects of the perigynium are important structures for distinguishing Carex species. They are often subtended by a scale, which may also aid in identification.
Arthur C. Nelson
Arthur C. Nelson is an American urban planner, researcher and academic. He is Professor of Urban Planning and Real Estate Development at the University of Arizona.

Nelson's research has been focused on metropolitan development policy and planning, applied demographic and economic analysis, fiscal impact assessment, public facility planning and finance, growth management/smart growth, urban development/redevelopment analysis and policy, real estate development policy, suburban and exurban development patterns, and economic development.

Nelson is a fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners, a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and a fellow of the Growth and Infrastructure Consortium. He has also served as editor of Housing Policy Debate and associate editor of Journal of the American Planning Association and the Journal of Urban Affairs.

Academy of Social Sciences
The Academy of Social Sciences (AcSS) is a representative body for social sciences in the United Kingdom. The academy promotes social science through its sponsorship of the Campaign for Social Science, its links with Government on a variety of matters, and its own policy work in issuing public comment, responding to official consultations, and organising meetings and events about social science. It confers the title of Fellow upon nominated social scientists following a process of peer review. The academy comprises over 1000 fellows and 41 learned societies based in the UK and Europe.
New York Sessions '67
New York Sessions '67 is a two-disc retrospective album of recordings made by Van Morrison in 1967 for Bang Records that were later released in the 1990s. Other album releases with the same recordings have been called Payin' Dues and The Complete Bang Sessions. The first disc presents material already available on Blowin' Your Mind! and on the previous Bang compilation albums T.B. Sheets and Bang Masters. The second disc contains the notorious "Contractual Obligation" session – thirty-one improvised nonsense songs Morrison recorded in order to fulfill his contract with Bang Records. According to Erik Hage, the song "Thirty Two" "takes a swipe at Berns's...production style and 'Brown Eyed Girl': Morrison sings 'we'll get three guitars .. and we'll do the sha, sha-la-la bit.'" Tracks from this album would be officially released on the compilation album The Authorized Bang Collection.

The Authorized Bang Collection
The Authorized Bang Collection is a compilation album by Van Morrison containing every track that Morrison recorded for Bang Records in the 1960s. It was released on April 28, 2017, by Legacy Recordings on the Bang label.

The first disc, The Original Masters, contains 17 tracks including every track from Morrison's debut album Blowin' Your Mind! in their original stereo mixes. The second disc, Bang Sessions & Rarities, contains alternate takes from the Bang sessions. The third disc, Contractual Obligation Session, contains demos Morrison recorded to fulfill his contractual obligations to Bang; he recorded them in one session on an out-of-tune guitar, with lyrics about subjects including ringworm and sandwiches. The throwaway compositions came to be known as the "revenge" songs, and remained officially unreleased until this collection was compiled.
Whitingham (CDP), Vermont
Whitingham is the central village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Whitingham, Windham County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 91, compared to 1,344 in the entire town. Part of the village comprises the Whitingham Village Historic District.

The CDP is in southwestern Windham County, west of the geographic center of the town of Whitingham. The community sits on a hill rising to the east above the south end of the Harriman Reservoir, an impoundment on the Deerfield River, which flows south and east to the Connecticut River in Massachusetts.

Vermont Route 100 passes through the village, leading east 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to Jacksonville, the largest community in the town of Whitingham, and west 5 miles (8 km) to Readsboro.

Readsboro (CDP), Vermont
Readsboro is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Readsboro, Bennington County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 297, out of 702 in the entire town of Readsboro.

It is in southeastern Bennington County, in the southeastern part of the town of Readsboro, mainly on the west side of the Deerfield River, a south-flowing tributary of the Connecticut River. Vermont Route 100 passes through the village, leading northwest 5 miles (8 km) to Vermont Route 8 at Heartwellville and east 8 miles (13 km) to Vermont Route 112 at Jacksonville. Bennington, the county seat, is 24 miles (39 km) to the northwest via Routes 100, 8, and 9.
Wartling
Wartling is a village and civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex, England. It lies between Bexhill and Hailsham, at the northern edge of the Pevensey Levels. The parish includes Boreham Street, 1.2 miles (2 km) north-east of Wartling on the A271 road.

Wartling is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, when there was a chapel there. The current church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalene was built in the 13th century, probably on the same site as the chapel. As with many villages on the Weald, the iron industry flourished here in the 17th and 18th centuries. Herons have nested in and around the village for well over a century.

Bexhill-on-Sea
Bexhill-on-Sea (often shortened to Bexhill) is a seaside town and civil parish in the Rother District of the East Sussex county of South East England. It is located along the Sussex Coast and between the towns of Hastings and Eastbourne.
Delphi Archaeological Museum
Delphi Archaeological museum (Greek: Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Δελφών) is one of the principal museums of Greece and one of the most visited. It is operated by the Greek Ministry of Culture (Ephorate of Antiquities of Phocis). Founded in 1903, it has been rearranged several times and houses the discoveries made at the Panhellenic sanctuary of Delphi, which date from the Late Helladic (Mycenean) period to the early Byzantine era.

Organised in fourteen rooms on two levels, the museum mainly displays statues, including the famous Charioteer of Delphi, architectural elements, like the frieze of the Siphnian Treasury and ex votos dedicated to the sanctuary of Pythian Apollo, like the Sphinx of Naxos. The exhibition floor space is more than 2270 m2, while the storage and conservation rooms (mosaics, ceramics and metals) take up 558 m2. Visitors are also catered to by an entrance hall, a cafeteria and a gift shop.

Statue of Antinous (Delphi)
The Statue of Antinous at Delphi is an ancient statue that was found during excavations in Delphi.

Antinous was a young Greek of extraordinary beauty from Bithynia, who became the beloved companion or lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian but later died in the Nile under mysterious circumstances.
Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula
The Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula were a series of conflicts that the Almohads had with the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. The Almohads arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in 1146, after overthrowing the Almoravids. However, their dominance in the peninsula would be weakened after their defeat at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

Yaqub al-Mansur
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr (Arabic: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن يوسف بن عبد المؤمن المنصور; d. 23 January 1199), commonly known as Yaqub al-Mansur (يعقوب المنصور) or Moulay Yacoub (مولاي يعقوب), was the third Almohad caliph. Succeeding his father, al-Mansur reigned from 1184 to 1199. His reign was distinguished by the flourishing of trade, architecture, philosophy and the sciences, as well as by victorious military campaigns in which he was successful in repelling the tide of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula.
Calle de la Candelaria
Calle de la Candelaria (Candelaria Street, formerly McKinley Street) is the parallel street aside the Calle Méndez Vigo in the western Puerto Rico municipality of Mayagüez. It has a length of about 1.20 miles. The street is oriented west–east with traffic running one-way eastbound. At its start at Parque del Litoral begins running with one lane in west section, changing to two lanes in the middle section and finally one lane again after the road passes Mayagüez Main U.S. Post Office in downtown Mayagüez.

In this street are located some of the most important historical places as: Edificio de la Aduana, Fundición Simón Carlo, Parque Suau, Correo Central de Mayagüez, Escuela David Farragut, Teatro Yagüez, Centro Cultural Baudilio Vega Berríos, Alcaldía de Mayagüez, Plaza Colón and Catedral Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria.

Calle Méndez Vigo (Mayagüez)
Calle Méndez Vigo (Mendez Vigo Street) is a major thoroughfare in the western Puerto Rico municipality of Mayagüez with a length of about 1.22 miles (2 km). The street is oriented east–west with traffic running one-way westbound with the number of lanes going from one to two after the road passes Calle Ramón Emeterio Betances (formerly Post Street) in downtown Mayagüez. Some of the most important historical places in Mayagüez are located on this street:

E. Franco & Co (the house of the "Brazo Gitano Franco")

Escuela Mariano Riera Palmer

Iglesia Católica de Nuestra Señora del Carmen

Edificio Darlington

Parque Suau, Casa Gómez

Antiguo Hospital Ramírez

Casa Casals-Defilló

Edificio Westernbank

Iglesia Central Presbiteriana

Edificio la Palma

Edificio La Bolsa

Panadería y Repostería Ricomini

Municipal Historical Archives (Teatro Riera)

Teatro Balboa
Eton Vale Homestead Ruins
The Eton Vale Homestead Ruins are a heritage-listed site on the New England Highway, Cambooya, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. The former homestead was built from c. 1840 onwards by Arthur Hodgson, and was destroyed by fire in 1912. The site was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Toowoomba Region
The Toowoomba Region is a local government area (LGA) on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, the LGA was preceded by several other local government authorities with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond.

In 2018–2019, it had a A$491 million budget, of which A$316 million is for service delivery and A$175.13 million capital (infrastructure) budget.

In the 2021 census, the Toowoomba Region had a population of 173,204 people.
Surduc
Surduc (Hungarian: Szurduk; German: Surdecken; Yiddish: סורדוק) is a commune in Sălaj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Brâglez, Cristolțel, Solona, Surduc, Teștioara, Tihău and Turbuța.

Second Vienna Award
The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes that were arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. On 30 August 1940, they assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania, including all of Maramureș and part of Crișana, from the Kingdom of Romania to the Kingdom of Hungary.
Sheikh Khalifa Medical City
Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), is a medical complex in Abu Dhabi. It serves as the flagship institution for Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA).

SKMC consists of a 586-bed acute care hospital, 14 outpatient specialty clinics and a blood bank, all accredited by Joint Commission International (JCI). SKMC also manages a 125-bed psychiatric hospital (BSP), and an urgent care center in Abu Dhabi. Peter Mankowski is SMKC’s chief executive officer.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as  physiatry, and outside the United States as physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. Officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s, PM&R has played a major role in patient recovery following several major epidemics and both world wars. Common medical conditions treated by PM&R physicians include spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal injury, stroke, pain, and spasticity from muscle, ligament, or nerve damage. PM&R physicians lead rehabilitation teams in inpatient and outpatient settings and are trained in medication management, electrodiagnosis, and targeted injections.  A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist.
Allie Esiri
Allie Esiri is a British writer, poetry curator and producer who is a former stage, film, and television actress under the name Allie Byrne. Esiri is a curator of poetry anthologies, apps and audiobooks with live events at festivals and at theatres including a yearly night at London's National Theatre.  Esiri devised two poetry apps and is the creator of the A Poem for Every Day of the Year book series.

Doomwatch
Doomwatch is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC, which ran on BBC1 between 1970 and 1972. The series was set in the then present day, and dealt with a scientific government agency led by Doctor Spencer Quist (played by John Paul), responsible for investigating and combating various environmental and technological dangers. The series was followed by a film adaptation produced by Tigon British Film Productions and released in 1972 and a revival TV film was broadcast on Channel 5 in 1999.
FR Scuti
FR Scuti (also known as FR Sct or HIP 90115) is a hierarchical triple star system located in the constellation of Scutum. It is classified as a VV Cephei-type system, which typically consists of a cool red supergiant and a hot companion, but in this case the hot component is itself a close binary, making the overall system a triple. It was once thought to be a symbiotic binary, exhibiting unique spectral emission lines and photometric variability, but is now though to be a detached eclipsing binary with additional irregular pulsations of the cool supergiant. Another star system similar to FR Scuti is TIC 290061484.

Slow irregular variable
A slow irregular variable (ascribed the GCVS types L, LB and LC) is a variable star that exhibit no or very poorly defined periodicity in their slowly changing light emissions. These stars have often been little-studied, and once more is learnt about them, they are reclassified into other categories such as semiregular variables.
Italian orthography
Italian orthography (the conventions used in writing Italian) uses the Latin alphabet to write the Italian language. This article focuses on the writing of Standard Italian, based historically on the Florentine variety of Tuscan.

Written Italian is very regular and almost completely phonemic—having an almost one-to-one correspondence between letters (or sequences of letters) and sounds (or sequences of sounds). The main exceptions are that stress placement and vowel quality (for ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩) are not notated, ⟨s⟩ and ⟨z⟩ may be voiced or not, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ may represent vowels or semivowels, and a silent ⟨h⟩ is used in a very few cases other than the digraphs ⟨ch⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ (used for the hard ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩ sounds before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩).

Open-mid vowel
An open-mid vowel (also mid-open vowel, low-mid vowel, mid-low vowel or half-open vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of an open-mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately one third of the way from an open vowel to a close vowel.
Jabotinsky matrix
In mathematics, the Jabotinsky matrix (sometimes called the Bell matrix, iteration matrix or convolution matrix) is a matrix used to convert function composition into matrix multiplication. It is often used in iteration theory to find the continuous iteration of functions. The matrix is named after mathematician Eri Jabotinsky.

Matrix multiplication
In mathematics, specifically in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the first and the number of columns of the second matrix. The product of matrices A and B is denoted as AB.

Matrix multiplication was first described by the French mathematician Jacques Philippe Marie Binet in 1812, to represent the composition of linear maps that are represented by matrices. Matrix multiplication is thus a basic tool of linear algebra, and as such has numerous applications in many areas of mathematics, as well as in applied mathematics, statistics, physics, economics, and engineering.
Computing matrix products is a central operation in all computational applications of linear algebra.
1978 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1978 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday, November 7,  and incumbent Democrat John Evans defeated Republican nominee Allan Larsen with 58.75% of the vote. It was the third consecutive win for the Democrats (1970, 1974, 1978), but the only significant victory for the party in Idaho in 1978.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
Rail vehicle resistance
The rail vehicle resistance (or train resistance or simply resistance) is the total force necessary to maintain a rail vehicle in motion. This force depends on a number of variables and is of crucial importance for the energy efficiency of the vehicle as it is proportional to the locomotive power consumption. For the speed of the vehicle to remain the same, the locomotive must express the proper tractive force, otherwise the speed of the vehicle will change until this condition is met.

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
Broadway Books
Broadway Books is an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc.. It released its first list in Fall 1996. Broadway was founded in 1995 as a unit of Bantam Doubleday Dell, a unit of Bertelsmann. Bertelsmann acquired Random House in 1998 and merged Broadway into a combined group with Doubleday the next year. Random House reorganized again in 2008, with Doubleday moving to Knopf and Broadway moving to its current home at Crown. Broadway's general-interest publishing was combined with Crown in 2010. Broadway became the paperback publisher for the Crown imprint in 2010.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
1978 Bank of Oklahoma Grand Prix
The 1978 Bank of Oklahoma Grand Prix was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Shadow Mountain Racquet Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the United States that was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament was held from April 24 through April 30, 1978. Eddie Dibbs won the singles title and earned $8,500 first-prize money.

1978 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of four Grand Slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments and the Nations Cup, a team event. In addition eight World Championship Tennis (WCT) tournaments, a separate professional tennis circuit held from 1971 through 1977, were incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The 28 tournaments with prize money of $175,000 or more formed the Super Series category. Jimmy Connors won 10 of the 84 tournaments which secured him the first place in the Grand Prix points ranking. However he did not play enough tournaments (13) to qualify for largest share ($300,000) of the bonus pool, which instead went to third–ranked Eddie Dibbs.
Hall Cross
Hall Cross is a hamlet in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, between Kirkham and Freckleton.

The name of the hamlet would seem to originate in the practice of placing of stone crosses along the roads of the Fylde. There is one of these in Hall Cross at the end of Hillock Lane. Such crosses are thought to mark resting places for funeral processions where the burial place was to be in an adjacent parish to the deceased's own.

The oldest building at Hall Cross is Hall Cross Farm, a Grade II listed building, the datestone of which bears the date of 1777.

Hall Cross is included in the parish council of Freckleton, and is part of the Fylde borough, and the Fylde constituency.

Freckleton
Freckleton is a village and civil parish on the Fylde coast in Lancashire, England, to the south of Kirkham and east of the seaside resort of Lytham St. Annes. In 2001 the parish had a population of 6,045, reducing to 6,019 at the 2011 Census. The village is near Warton, with its links to BAE Systems. Warton Aerodrome's 1.5 miles (2.4 km) runway is partly within Freckleton's boundary. Freckleton has a parish council, and is part of Fylde Borough, and Fylde constituency.
Hum Tower
The Hum Tower (Bosnian: Toranj Hum / Predajnik Hum) is a 78.5 m (258 ft) tall telecommunication tower located on Mount Hum in the periphery of Sarajevo. The original tower was finished in the 1960s, rebuilt in the 1980s. During the Bosnian war, on 2 May 1992 it was partly destroyed by the JNA and VRS.

BHT1
BHT1 is a Bosnian national public mainstream TV channel operated by Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHRT). The channel broadcasts on a daily basis for 20 hours in one of the two alphabets (Bosnian Latin alphabet and Bosnian Cyrillic alphabet). This television channel broadcasts a variety of programmes such as news, talk shows, documentaries, sports, movies, and children's programs. BHT1 also broadcasts teletext services.