hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantum jump method
The quantum jump method, also known as the Monte Carlo wave function (MCWF) is a technique in computational physics used for simulating open quantum systems and quantum dissipation. The quantum jump method was developed by Dalibard, Castin and Mølmer at a similar time to the similar method known as Quantum Trajectory Theory developed by Carmichael. Other contemporaneous works on wave-function-based Monte Carlo approaches to open quantum systems include those of Dum, Zoller and Ritsch and Hegerfeldt and Wilser.

Computational physics
Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics. Historically, computational physics was the first application of modern computers in science, and is now a subset of computational science. It is sometimes regarded as a subdiscipline (or offshoot) of theoretical physics, but others consider it an intermediate branch between theoretical and experimental physics — an area of study which supplements both theory and experiment.
Woodhill Forest
Woodhill Forest (Māori: Te Ngahere o Woodhill) is a commercial exotic (pine) forest located to the northwest of Auckland, New Zealand. The forest covers approx 12,500 hectares of the Te Korowai-o-Te-Tonga Peninsula, from Muriwai in the south to South Head in the north.  The forest is a popular location for a number of recreation activities, including horse riding, 4WD and trail biking, mountain biking, paintball, tree climbing adventures (confidence and team building), orienteering and filming; all require purchase of a permit, and walking or dog walking is no longer supported by the owners. Woodhill Forest is a sand-based pine forest, providing all-weather trails and recreation.

Woodhill Forest is also notorious as a site where several bodies have been found dumped or buried.

Muriwai
Muriwai, also called Muriwai Beach, is a coastal community on the west coast of the Auckland Region in the North Island of New Zealand. The black-sand surf beach and surrounding area is a popular recreational area for Aucklanders. The Muriwai Regional Park includes a nesting site for a large colony of gannets.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "water's end" for Muriwai.
Netherlands national badminton team
The Netherlands national badminton team (Dutch: Nederlands nationaal badmintonteam) represents the Netherlands in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by Badminton Nederland. The Dutch women's team had enjoyed success in the 2000s as the team were runners-up at the 2006 Uber Cup and were champions at the 2006 European Women's Team Badminton Championships when they beat England.

The men's team were runners-up at the 2020 European Men's Team Badminton Championships after losing 3-0 to Denmark. They also participated in the Thomas Cup but never got past the group stage.

Badminton Nederland
Badminton Netherlands (Dutch: Badminton Nederland) is the national governing body for the sport of badminton in the Netherlands. As of February 2019, there are around 35,000 registered players and 503 clubs across the country. The association was divided into seven regions, namely Noord (North), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Zuid-West (Southwest), Zentrum (Central), Oost (East), Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), and Limburg (Limburg).
Ian Mune
Sir Ian Barry Mune (born 1941) is a New Zealand character actor, director, and screenwriter. His screen acting career spans four decades and more than 50 roles. His work as a film director includes hit comedy Came a Hot Friday, an adaptation of classic New Zealand play The End of the Golden Weather, and What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?, the sequel to Once Were Warriors.

New Zealand film and television awards
New Zealand film and television awards have gone by many different names and have been organised by different industry groups. As of 2025, a combined New Zealand Screen Awards recognises content created for theatrical release alongside programmes produced for broadcast, streaming and digital platforms.
George DeCicco
George "Big Georgie" DeCicco (March 20, 1929 - October 3, 2014) was a New York mobster and longtime caporegime in the Gambino crime family. DeCicco is one of the last captains of the old John Gotti administration in the 1980s who was able to avoid indictments. DeCicco is the brother of former Gambino underboss Frank DeCicco, who was killed in a car-bomb meant for his boss John Gotti, ordered by then boss of the Genovese crime family who is now deceased, Vincent "Chin" Gigante, and Lucchese crime family leaders Vittorio "Vic" Amuso and Anthony "Gaspipe" Casso as revenge for the murder of former Gambino crime family boss, Paul Castellano, a strong ally of both the Genovese and Lucchese crime families.

Anthony Casso
Anthony Salvatore Casso (May 21, 1942 – December 15, 2020), nicknamed "Gaspipe", was an American mobster and underboss in the Lucchese crime family of the Italian-American Mafia. Regarded as a "homicidal maniac," Casso confessed to involvement in between fifteen and thirty-six murders. In interviews, and in court testimony, he confessed involvement in the killings of Frank DeCicco, Roy DeMeo and Vladimir Reznikov. He also admitted to several attempts to murder Gambino family boss John Gotti.

Following his arrest in 1993, Casso became one of the highest-ranking members of the Mafia to turn informant. After taking a plea agreement, he was placed in the witness protection program. In 1998, Casso was dropped from the program after several infractions. Later that year, a federal judge sentenced him to 455 years in prison for racketeering, extortion and murder.

Casso died in prison custody from complications related to COVID-19 on December 15, 2020.
Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani
Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani (Arabic: خالد بن خليفة بن عبد العزيز آل ثاني; born 1968) is a Qatari politician who has served as Prime Minister of Qatar from 28 January 2020 to 7 March 2023 and Minister of the Interior since 28 January 2020.

Qatar's amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani has accepted the resignation of the country's Prime Minister, Sheikh Khaled bin Khalifa Al Thani.

The Amir has appointed Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman as Qatar's new prime minister. A member of the ruling Al Thani family, he previously served as Chief of the Amiri Diwan from 2014 to 2020.

House of Thani
The House of Thani (Arabic: آل ثاني, romanised: Āl Thānī) is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Adnanite Banu Tamim tribe. Currently, Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani leads the house.

Officially, the House of Thani rules Qatar as a constitutional monarchy, but the wide powers retained by the emir and his family have it bordering an absolute monarchy and autocracy.
Patrick MacNicholas
Patrick MacNicholas (1780 – 1852) was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman who served as Bishop of Achonry from 1818 until his death.

MacNicholas was ordained in 1804. He was buried at the Old Cemetery, Ballaghaderreen but then re-interred at St Nathy's.

Bishop of Achonry
The Bishop of Achonry (Irish: Easpag Achadh Conaire) is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Achonry in County Sligo, Ireland. In the Roman Catholic Church it remains as a separate title, but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with other bishoprics.
Bishop Petroglyphs
There are multiple prehistoric petroglyphs (rock markings) in the area of Bishop, California (Inyo County, near Mono County) that may be called the Bishop Petroglyphs.

Yellow Jacket Petroglyphs

Chalfant Petroglyph Site

Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons

Coso Rock Art District

Yellow Jacket Petroglyphs
The Yellow Jacket Petroglyphs, also known as CA-MNO-2189, are a 9.9-acre (4.0 ha) pre-Columbian archaeological site located in Mono County, California near Bishop, California. The site includes over 200 petroglyphs created by Paiute inhabitants of the region between 2950 B.C. and 1850 A.D. A wide array of design elements were used in the petroglyphs; the majority are abstract curved figures, but abstract lines, anthropomorphs, human and animal tracks, and cupules are also present. The site also includes remnants of human inhabitation, such as stacks of rocks thought to signify house sites, stone tools, ceramics, and animal remains.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The National Park Service has not disclosed the exact location of the site due to its sensitive nature.
Bertha Idaho
Bertha Idaho (born c. 1895; date of death unknown) was an American classic female blues singer. She recorded four songs in 1928 and 1929. Little is known of her life outside music.

Idaho's work might have remained obscure but for two factors: she was mentioned by John Fahey in the liner notes for his influential debut album, Blind Joe Death, and her recordings were reissued by Rosetta Reitz.

Classic female blues
Classic female blues was an early form of blues music, dominated by women that was popular in the 1920s in the United States. An amalgam of traditional folk blues and urban theater music, the style is also known as vaudeville blues. Classic blues were performed by female singers accompanied by pianists or small jazz ensembles and were the first blues to be recorded. Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and the other singers in this genre were instrumental in spreading the popularity of the blues. Women in blues were instrumental in influencing later genres of music such as jazz, rhythm & blues and rock and roll.
Fiat AS.8
The Fiat AS.8 was a large Italian 16-cylinder, liquid-cooled V configured aircraft racing engine designed and built in the late-1930s by Fiat for an attempt to capture the air speed record. Another reason for the design was to provide the Regia Aeronautica with high performance fighter aircraft engines.

Production problems caused the project to be abandoned when Italy entered World War II in June 1940, power for the fighter designs moved to licensed-built Daimler-Benz DB 605 V-12 engines as the Fiat RA.1050.

Daimler-Benz DB 605
The Daimler-Benz DB 605 is a German aircraft engine built during World War II. Developed from the DB 601, the DB 605 was used from 1942 to 1945 in the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, and the Bf 110 and Me 210C heavy fighters.

The DB 610, a pair of DB 605s geared to turn a single output shaft that replaced the similar DB 606, was used in the A-3 and all A-5 variants of Germany's only operational heavy bomber, the Heinkel He 177A.

License-built versions of the DB 605 were used in the Macchi C.205, Fiat G.55, Reggiane 2005 and some other Italian aircraft. It was also used in the Swedish SAAB B 18B and initially in the pusher-design SAAB J 21. Approximately 42,400 DB 605s of all kinds were built.
Centropogon (fish)
Centropogon is a genus of ray-finned fishes, waspfishes belonging to the subfamily Tetraroginae, which is classified as part of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fishes are endemic to the brackish and marine waters around Australia.

Scorpaenidae
The Scorpaenidae (also known as scorpionfish) are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As their name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family, Cottidae.
IFK Göteborg (women)
Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Göteborg (officially IFK Göteborg Fotboll), commonly known as IFK Göteborg, IFK (especially locally) or simply Göteborg, is a Swedish women's football team based in Gothenburg. Founded in 2019 as part of the football club IFK Göteborg, the team plays in Division 2 Nordvästra Götaland, the 4th level of women's football in Sweden. IFK is affiliated with Göteborgs Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Valhalla IP. The club colours are blue and white, colours shared both with the sports society which the club originated from, Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna, and with the coat of arms of the city of Gothenburg.

Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna
Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna (English: Sporting Society Comrades), usually abbreviated IFK, is a central organisation for many sports clubs in Sweden. There are also eight IFK clubs in Finland but they are organised separately. The Swedish IFK was founded 1 February 1895 and has 164 member clubs with around 100,000 members as of 2004. The best known IFK club in football is probably the one in Gothenburg, IFK Göteborg, which won the UEFA Cup twice in the 1980s. In ice hockey, the most successful IFK club is IFK Helsingfors from Helsinki, which have won the Finnish championship seven times.
Seven Hills Express
The 12769 / 12770 Seven Hills Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – South Central Railway zone that runs between Tirupati and Secunderabad Junction in India.

It operates as train number 12769 from Tirupati to Secunderabad Junction and as train number 12770 in the reverse direction serving the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

It is named after the famed Seven Hills temple of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple.

South Central Railway zone
The South Central Railway  (abbreviated SCR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways. The jurisdiction of the zone is spread over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka. It has three divisions under its administration, which include Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. Secunderabad, Telangana is the Zonal headquarter.
Mannie Fresh production discography
The following list is a discography of production by American hip hop record producer and recording artist Mannie Fresh. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, album, artist and title.

Mannie Fresh
Byron Otto Thomas (born March 20, 1969), better known by his stage name Mannie Fresh, is an American rapper and record producer. He is best known for his production work for Cash Money Records releases, as well as being half of the hip hop duo Big Tymers with the label's co-founder, Birdman.

Beginning as the label's sole in-house producer in 1991, he received credits on the near-entirety of the label's output from 1998 until his departure in 2004. This resulted in 17 songs receiving gold, platinum, or multi-platinum certifications by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and 19 Billboard Hot 100 entries—which includes his 2004 debut single as a recording artist, "Real Big".
2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 68 kg
The women's freestyle 68 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships, and will held in Tirana, Albania on 25 and 26 October 2023.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships
The 2023 U23 World Wrestling Championships was the sixth edition of the U23 World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held from 23 to 29 October 2023 in Tirana, Albania. United World Wrestling (UWW) authorized some Russian wrestlers to participate in the World Championships though they had participated in the pro-war rally and expressed their support for the Russo-Ukrainian war.  UWW explained its decision to clear them for the World Championships by stating that their participation in certain events was not of their own will and their support for the war and the policy of their government could not be certainly concluded. After Albania was specified as the host, the Albanian government announced that the Iranian wrestling team will not receive visas due to the IRGC's cyber attacks on the Albanian government and Iran-Albania relations.
Turkish Council of State shooting
The Turkish Council of State shooting occurred on 17 May 2006. Alparslan Arslan entered the building of Council of State, Turkey's highest administrative court, in Ankara and shot five judges, killing judge Mustafa Yücel Özbilgin. Arslan was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2008.

Alparslan Arslan
Alparslan Arslan (1977 – 17 February 2023) was a Turkish national convicted of murdering Council of State member, Mustafa Yücel Özbilgin, and wounding four others. He also took part in the bombing of the newspaper Cumhuriyet, along with Osman Yıldırım, İsmail Sağır, and Erhan Timuroğlu. All of these events, took place from 10 - 17 May 2006.
Washington/Wabash station
Washington/Wabash is an 'L' station on the CTA's Brown, Green, Orange, Pink, and Purple Lines. The station opened on August 31, 2017. It serves as a consolidation and replacement of the Randolph/Wabash and Madison/Wabash stations. The project was undertaken by the Chicago Department of Transportation. Construction of the $75 million station began in 2015, following the closure of Madison/Wabash in March 2015 and was completed in August 2017. The station is located between Washington and Madison Streets on Wabash Avenue in the Loop.

In 2018, the new station was recognized with an award of excellence by the American Institute of Architects, Chicago chapter.

Chicago Transit Authority bus services
Chicago Transit Authority bus services are provided throughout Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding suburbs, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). As of January 2025, the CTA has 1,966 buses that operate 127 routes. In 2024, the CTA bus system had a ridership of 181,733,800, or about 594,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Handball at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's tournament
The men's tournament of handball at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, began on October 16 and ended on October 24. All games were held at the San Rafael Gymnasium. The defending champions were Brazil, who won the title on home court. Argentina, the winner of the competition, qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain.

Handball at the 2011 Pan American Games
Handball competitions at the Guadalajara 2011 Pan American Games was held from October 15 to 24 at the San Rafael Gymnasium. Medals were awarded for both men and women's team events. Each NOC is permitted to enter one men's team and one women's team in the handball competitions. Each team will consist of 15 athletes. The winner of each event is qualified to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain.
Photodetector
Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are devices that detect light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation and convert it into an electrical signal. They are essential in a wide range of applications, from digital imaging and optical communication to scientific research and industrial automation. Photodetectors can be classified by their mechanism of detection, such as the photoelectric effect, photochemical reactions, or thermal effects, or by performance metrics like spectral response. Common types include photodiodes, phototransistors, and photomultiplier tubes, each suited to specific uses. Solar cells, which convert light into electricity, are also a type of photodetector. This article explores the principles behind photodetectors, their various types, applications, and recent advancements in the field.

Golay cell
The Golay cell is a type of opto-acoustic detector mainly used for infrared spectroscopy. It consists of a gas-filled enclosure with an infrared absorbing material and a flexible diaphragm or membrane. When infrared radiation is absorbed, it heats the gas, causing it to expand. The resulting increase in pressure deforms the membrane. Light reflected off the membrane is detected by a photodiode, and motion of the membrane produces a change in the signal on the photodiode. The concept was originally described in 1947 by Marcel J. E. Golay, after whom it came to be named.

The Golay cell has high sensitivity and a flat response over a very broad range of frequencies. The response time is modest, of order 10 ms. The detector performance is degraded in the presence of mechanical vibrations.
Manila Dolomite Beach
Manila Baywalk Dolomite Beach, commonly known as Dolomite Beach, is an artificial beach along Manila Bay in Manila, Philippines created through the process of beach nourishment. It is part of an overall integrated coastal zone management aimed at coastal defense of the Manila Bay Rehabilitation project. The beach was planned to cover a total length of 900 meters of the Manila Baywalk. The beach was first opened from September 19 to 20, 2020, but was closed for expansion. The artificial beach was declared complete in October 2022.

Embassy of the United States, Manila
The Embassy of the United States of America in Manila is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the Philippines. Its chancery is situated by Roxas Boulevard in Ermita, City of Manila.  The Embassy has been representing the United States Government since the Philippines was granted independence on July 4, 1946.

The Manila mission is one of the US Department of State's largest posts, employing close to 300 Americans and 1,000 Foreign Service national employees.  The mission also hosts the only foreign office of the Department of Veterans Affairs, which caters to some 18,000 American and Filipino veterans and their widows in the Philippines.

Manila's Regional Printing Center provides printing and distribution services for overseas and domestic publications.  Smaller branches exist in Vienna, Austria and Washington, D.C., but Manila is the flagship facility.
United States in Prophecy
United States in Prophecy was the original title of a publication that became known by its longer name of United States and British Commonwealth in Prophecy and published in various editions and formats after 1945. It was written under the byline of Herbert W. Armstrong who had assistance from staff members of Ambassador College. The publication related the views, beliefs and teachings of the Worldwide Church of God with regard to the identity of the so-called Ten Lost Tribes of Israel and for many years it was distributed as a companion booklet to 1975 in Prophecy! by the same author and publisher.

Grace Communion International
Grace Communion International (GCI), formerly named the Radio Church of God (RCG) and the Worldwide Church of God (WCG), is a Christian denomination based in Charlotte, North Carolina, and founded by Herbert W. Armstrong.

The organization's website reports 30,000 members spanning 550 churches in 70 countries. It is structured in the episcopal model and is a member of the National Association of Evangelicals.
Intubation
Intubation (sometimes entubation) is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a tube into the body. Most commonly, intubation refers to tracheal intubation, a procedure during which an endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea to support patient ventilation. Other examples of intubation include balloon tamponade using a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube (a tube into the gastrointestinal tract), urinary catheterization, and nasogastric intubation using a feeding tube.

Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
A Sengstaken–Blakemore tube is a medical device inserted through the nose or mouth and used occasionally in the management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to esophageal varices (distended and fragile veins in the esophageal wall, usually a result of cirrhosis). The use of the tube was originally described in 1950, although similar approaches to bleeding varices were described by Westphal in 1930. With the advent of modern endoscopic techniques which can rapidly and definitively control variceal bleeding, Sengstaken–Blakemore tubes are rarely used at present.