hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Włoszczowa
Gmina Włoszczowa is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Włoszczowa, which lies approximately 46 kilometres (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 253.7 square kilometres (98.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,426 (out of which the population of Włoszczowa amounts to 10,782, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 9,644).

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).
Paludinella conica
Paludinella conica is a species of small salt marsh snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Assimineidae. This species is found in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

Assimineidae
Assimineidae is a family of small snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious between saltwater and land; others live in freshwater.
West Midlands Police Museum
The West Midlands Police Museum is located in a Victorian cell block on Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, England, which was operational from 1891 until 2016.

The museum houses artifacts and archives of the West Midlands Police and its predecessors dating back to before the formation of Birmingham City Police in 1839, as well as a small collection of paintings, including a portrait of Sir Charles Haughton Rafter, the longest-serving Chief Constable of Birmingham. The archives contain many records of police officers who served in the area of the present West Midlands Police.

The museum re-opened in April 2022 in the Grade II listed Victorian cell block at the former Steelhouse Lane police station following a heritage lottery-funded refurbishment. The collection was previously displayed in a wing of Sparkhill police station, which was formerly a courtroom.

It is one of two museums operated by the West Midlands Police, the other being in Coventry.

Sparkhill
Sparkhill is an inner-city area of Birmingham, England, situated between Springfield, Hall Green and Sparkbrook. 
Historically part of Worcestershire, Sparkhill once existed as a rural area with its main industry being agriculture until the 1880s.
Edward Doran Davison, Jr.
Edward Doran Davison Jr. (April 15, 1845 – July 17, 1902) was a lumber merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1901 to 1902 as a Liberal member.

Davison was born in 1845 at Mill Village, Nova Scotia to Edward Doran Davison and Desiah Mack. He was educated at Mount Allison Academy and was a brother of Charles Henry Davison. He married Alma M. Hickman, and later married Margaret Robertson on January 26, 1887. He served two terms as mayor of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. Davison died in 1902 at Cherry Hill, Nova Scotia.

He was elected in the 1901 Nova Scotia general election, but died less than a year into the term. He was replaced in a by-election by Charles Uniacke Mader.

Charles Uniacke Mader
Charles Uniacke Mader (April 10, 1856 – May 27, 1929) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Liberal member from 1904 to 1911.
Hirtellina
Hirtellina is a genus of flowering plants in the thistle tribe Cardueae within the daisy family Asteraceae.

Species

Hirtellina fruticosa (L.) Dittrich - Greek islands

Hirtellina kurdica (Merxm. & Rech.f.) Dittrich - Iraq

Hirtellina lanceolata Cass. - Crete

Hirtellina lobelii (DC.) Dittrich - Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey

Cardueae
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) and the subfamily Carduoideae.  Most of them are commonly known as thistles; four of the best known genera are Carduus, Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, and Onopordum.

They are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.  Many species are thorny on leaves, stems, or involucre, and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera comprising 2500 species are assigned to this tribe, native of temperate regions of Europe and Asia (especially the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), Australia and tropical Africa; only three genera contain species native to the Americas.
Kanchana Kamalanathan
Kanchana Kamalanathan is an Indian politician. She was born in Krishnagiri. She is the leader of the women wing in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party in Tamil Nadu. She was elected to Tamil Nadu legislative assembly in 1989 and 1996 from Krishnagiri constituency. She is the wife of M. Kamalanathan who was also a politician and member of parliament from Krishnagiri constituency. She is also a graduated doctor.

M. Kamlanathan
M. Kamlanathan (10 April 1931 – 21 November 1997) was an Indian politician of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.

He was born to K. M. Rao and served as member of the Madras Legislative Assembly from 1962 to 1967, in the panel of Chairmen of the Madras Legislative Assembly from 1963 to 1964 and the 4th Lok Sabha from 1967 to 1970. He also served as a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1971 to 1972 and 1972 to 1978.
Kusatsu, Shiga
Kusatsu (草津市, Kusatsu-shi) is a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The city lies on Lake Biwa, Japan's largest freshwater lake. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 139,913 in 63,942 households and a population density of 2100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 67.82 square kilometres (26.19 sq mi). The city is often confused with Kusatsu, Gunma Prefecture, which is a famous hot spring resort.

Japan National Route 8
National Route 8 (国道8号, Kokudō hachi-gō) is a major highway in the Hokuriku and Kansai regions of central Japan. The 574.1-kilometer (356.7 mi) highway begins at an intersection with National Routes 7, 17, 49, 113, and 116 in Chūō-ku, Niigata. It travels southwest across central Honshu, connecting the prefecture capitals: Toyama, Kanazawa, Fukui, and Ōtsu.  In Kyoto it travels concurrently with National Route 1 toward its endpoint at an intersection with National Routes 9, 24, and 367 in Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto.
Kensington, South Australia
Kensington is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Norwood, Payneham & St Peters council area. Unlike the rest of the city, Kensington's streets are laid out diagonally. Second Creek runs through and under part of the suburb, which contains many heritage buildings as well as Norwood Swimming Centre and several schools.

Kensington Park, South Australia
Kensington Park is an eastern suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside in South Australia. It is bordered by Magill Road to the north, Glynburn Road to the east, Kensington Road to the south, and Gurrs and Shipsters Roads to the west.

It is home to the Regal Theatre (formerly Chelsea Cinema) and all three campuses of Pembroke School.
History of the Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European family. All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language, reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European, spoken sometime in the Neolithic era. Although no written records remain, much of the culture and religion of the Proto-Indo-European people can also be reconstructed based on their daughter cultures traditionally and continuing to inhabit most of Europe and South Asia, areas to where the Proto-Indo-Europeans migrated from their original homeland.

Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (/ˌlɒməˈnɒsɒf/; 19 November [O.S. 8 November] 1711 – 15 April [O.S. 4 April] 1765) was a Russian polymath, scientist and writer, who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries were the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions. His spheres of science were natural science, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, history, art, philology, optical devices and others. One of the founders of modern geology, Lomonosov was also a poet and influenced the formation of the modern Russian literary language.
Julia Unwin
Dame Julia Unwin DBE FAcSS (born 6 July 1956) is a British businessperson who was chief executive of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) and the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust (JRHT). The Guardian in 2007 described her as a "major player in the voluntary sector". In 2012, she was appointed by the Scottish Government as a member of the Expert Working Group on Welfare and Constitutional Reform.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
Mount Hordern
Mount Hordern (67°56′S 62°29′E﻿ / ﻿67.933°S 62.483°E﻿ / -67.933; 62.483) is a peak, 1,510 metres (4,950 ft) high, standing 4 nautical miles (7 km)  south of Mount Coates in the David Range of Antarctica. It was discovered in February 1931 by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Mawson, and named for Sir Samuel Hordern, a patron of this expedition and of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14.

Mount Coates (Mac. Robertson Land)
Mount Coates (67°52′S 62°31′E﻿ / ﻿67.867°S 62.517°E﻿ / -67.867; 62.517) is a peak, 1,280 metres (4,200 ft) high, just south of Mount Lawrence in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains. It was discovered and named in February 1931 by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Mawson.
Laser peening
Laser peening (LP), or laser shock peening (LSP), is a surface engineering process used to impart beneficial residual stresses in materials. The deep, high-magnitude compressive residual stresses induced by laser peening increase the resistance of materials to surface-related failures, such as fatigue, fretting fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking. Laser shock peening can also be used to strengthen thin sections, harden surfaces, shape or straighten parts (known as laser peen forming), break up hard materials, compact powdered metals and for other applications where high-pressure, short duration shock waves offer desirable processing results.

General Electric F101
The General Electric F101 is an afterburning turbofan jet engine. It powers the Rockwell B-1 Lancer strategic bomber fleet of the USAF. In full afterburner it produces a thrust of more than 30,000 pounds-force (130 kN). The F101 was GE's first turbofan with an afterburner.
2013 World Women's Handball Championship – European qualification
The European qualification for the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship, in Serbia, was played over two rounds. The 2013 hosts Serbia, the 2011 holders Norway were qualified automatically for the World Championship. In the first round of qualification, 16 teams who were not participating at the 2012 European Women's Handball Championship were split into four groups. The group winners and the remaining 12 teams from the European Championship played a playoff afterwards to determine the other nine qualifiers.

2012 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2012 European Women's Handball Championship was held in Serbia from 4 to 16 December. Originally the tournament was scheduled to be held in the Netherlands but on 4 June 2012 the Dutch Handball Federation withdrew from the organization. Subsequently, the European Handball Federation (EHF) launched a new bidding process and eventually selected Serbia as the new host on 18 June 2012.

Montenegro captured their first title by defeating defending champion Norway 34–31 in the final.
Gøtueiði
Gøtueiði (Danish: Gøteejde) a town in the Faroe Islands, located deep in the Skalafjordur-inlet on Eysturoy, founded in 1850.

The village has now grown towards its neighbour-village Skipanes. During the 1980s there were religious tent-meetings in Gøtueiði.

Gotueidi consists of the villages/settlements Norðragøta (Northern Gøta), Syðrugøta (Southern Gøta), Gøtugjógv (Gøta's cleft) and Gøtueiði (Gøta's isthmus). They form part of the Eystur municipality.

Gøtugjógv
Gøtugjógv (Danish: Gøtegjov), Norðragøta and Syðrugøta are villages that are located in the Faroe Islands. These areas are located at the end of an inlet which is called 'Gøtuvík'.  This is on the east side of the island of Eysturoy.

A new church has been built near Gøtugjógv, and inside it has huge stained glass windows made by the artist Tróndur Patursson from Kirkjubøur. The church turned out to be two times more expensive than originally planned.

From 1980 until 1989 there was an upper secondary school in Gøtugjógv.
Theotis Brown
Theotis Brown II (born April 20, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the UCLA Bruins before playing in the NFL for the St. Louis Cardinals, Seattle Seahawks, and Kansas City Chiefs.  His football career was ended by a heart attack at age 27.

Brown was raised in Oakland, California, where he attended Skyline High School (Oakland, California). His locker mate during high school was the Academy Award-winning actor, Tom Hanks. Aside from football, Brown also played baseball at Skyline.

Nicknamed "Big Foot" and "Chocolate Thunder", Brown rushed for 2,914 yards (No. 7 all-time) for the Bruins at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1976 to 1978. He is the father of former UCLA cornerback Theotis "Trey" Brown, III. Brown has one daughter, Taylor.

On November 4, 2011, Brown was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame.

Trey Brown
Theotis "Trey" Brown III (born March 1, 1985) is an American professional football  executive and former player who is an Assistant General Manager for the Cincinnati Bengals. He played professionally as a cornerback. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, earning second-team All-American honors in 2007. Brown was hired by the Bengals in 2021.
Public Ministry of Paraguay
Established in 2000, the Public Ministry of Paraguay is an autonomous body that has the following duties and powers per the Constitution:

Ensure respect for rights and constitutional guarantees;

Promote public criminal action to defend the public and social heritage, the environment and other diffuse interests and rights of indigenous peoples;

Perform criminal action in cases in which, to initiate or prosecute, there is no need for a party, without prejudice to the judge or court proceeding ex officio, when determined by law;

Gather information from public officials for the performance of its duties, and;

The other duties and attributions established by law.

The ministry is headed by the Attorney General of Paraguay. Sandra Quiñónez became the Attorney General in 2018, and she holds the distinction of being the first female to occupy the position.

Sandra Quiñónez
Sandra Raquel Quiñónez Astigarraga (born 4 November 1968) is a Paraguayan jurist and politician who currently serves as Attorney General of Paraguay since 8 March 2018. She is the first woman to appointed to the post. Prior to her appointment, she served as a fiscal assistant and as a criminal prosecutor, serving the public function for twenty-four years.
Edel-Mega Records
Mega Records was a Danish record label established in 1983. It was renamed Edel-Mega Records when it was acquired by Edel Music in 2001. The catalogue of Mega Records is now managed by Playground Music Scandinavia, which was spun off from Edel in 2010.

Their most internationally successful artist is the Swedish pop group Ace of Base, who have sold over 30 million records worldwide to date. Nicki French also released a single under their label.

The name Mega Records, Denmark, which still appears on American releases of Ace of Base's albums, now refers to an in-name-only unit of Playground Music Scandinavia that licenses this part of its catalog to Sony Music, the owner of Arista Records and a successor to Bertelsmann Music Group.

Edel SE & Co. KGaA
Edel SE & Co. KGaA is a German independent media company based in Hamburg. As a label and publishing group, it also operates marketing and sales for artists and smaller music labels. The repertoire of the Edel labels includes dance, rock and pop music to classical music and a children's catalogue. In addition to the development and marketing of music, the group also deals with the production, logistics and distribution of CDs, DVDs, vinyl records, and books at the production site of the subsidiary optimal media GmbH in Röbel/Müritz as well as with services in the online and book business.
Clan MacCulloch
The origins of Clan MacCulloch are unknown, but there is a consensus that the family was one of the most ancient families of Galloway, Scotland, and a leading medieval family in that region. Despite the obscurity of the early history of the clan, the history and genealogies of the family are well documented in Walter Jameson McCulloch's History of the Galloway Families of McCulloch, which provides extensive footnotes for original Scottish charters, correspondence, and other primary source documentation. The latter provides family history for the following lines: Myretoun, Ardwell, Killasser, Torhouse, Drummorrell, Inshanks and Mule, Torhousekie, Cardiness, Barholm, Kirkclaugh, Auchengool, and  Ardwall (Nether Ardwall).

Clan MacCulloch is a Lowland Scottish clan. As it no longer has a clan chief, it is an armigerous clan.

Scottish Lowlands
The Lowlands (Scots: Lallans or Lawlands, pronounced [ˈlɑːlən(d)z, ˈlo̜ːl-]; Scottish Gaelic: a' Ghalldachd, lit. 'place of the foreigners', pronounced [ə ˈɣauɫ̪t̪əxk]) is a cultural and historical region of Scotland.

The region is characterised by its relatively flat or gently rolling terrain as opposed to the mountainous landscapes of the Scottish Highlands. This area includes cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow and is known for its fertile farmland, historic sites, and urban centres. It is the more populous and industrialised part of Scotland compared to the sparsely populated Highlands.

Culturally, the Lowlands and the Highlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands.
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.

Chrysanthemum japonense
Chrysanthemum japonense is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common names ashizuri noji-giku Ashizuri (Japanese) meaning "Point wild roadside daisy"  or gold / silver chrysanthemum in English).

It has 27 pairs of chromosomes. A perennial flowering plant, it has leaves between 3–5 cm in length and flower heads that are 3–4.5 cm with white petals. Typically, flowering occurs in October to December annually. It is the floral emblem of Hyōgo Prefecture.
Realization (climb)
Realization, also called Biographie, is a circa 35-metre (115 ft) sport climbing route on an overhanging limestone cliff on the southern face of Céüse mountain, near Gap and Sigoyer, in France.  After it was first climbed in 2001 by American climber Chris Sharma, it became the first rock climb in the world to have a consensus grade of 9a+ (5.15a).  It is considered an historic and important route in rock climbing, and one of the most attempted climbs at its grade.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
The Howards of Virginia
The Howards of Virginia is a 1940 American drama war Western film directed by Frank Lloyd, released by Columbia Pictures, and based on the book The Tree of Liberty written by Elizabeth Page. The Howards of Virginia live through the American Revolutionary War, with Cary Grant starring as Matt Howard, Martha Scott starring as his wife Jane Peyton Howard, and Alan Marshal and Sir Cedric Hardwicke starring as Jane's brothers Roger and Fleetwood Peyton. Fleetwood Peyton is Jane's elder brother, the patriarch of his family, and a member of the Tidewater aristocracy. The film includes a look at the young Matt Howard, Thomas Jefferson, and Jane Peyton.

Much of the film was shot at Colonial Williamsburg, much of which had only been recently restored or reconstructed at the time of the production. The Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Governor's Palace are prominently featured.

Capitol (Williamsburg, Virginia)
The Capitol at Williamsburg, Virginia, housed both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, the Governor's Council and the House of Burgesses of the colony of Virginia from 1705, six years after the colonial capital was relocated there from nearby Jamestown, until 1780, when the capital was relocated to Richmond. Two capitol buildings served the colony on the same site: the first from 1705 until its destruction by fire in 1747; the second from 1753 to 1780.

The earlier capitol was reconstructed in the early 1930s as part of the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. The reconstruction has thus lasted longer than the combined total of both original capitol buildings.
Mohd Badhri Mohd Radzi
Mohd Badhri bin Mohd Radzi, P.S. (born 2 June 1982) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysian team AZM Rovers F.C. Well known as Piya, Badhri is usually deployed as a central midfielder, but can also play as attacking midfielder. He also is the former captain of Kelantan. Badhri is Kelantan's most successful captain, having led them won several domestic trophies.

2006–07 Malaysia Premier League
The 2006–07 Liga Premier (English: 2006–07 Premier League), also known as the TM Liga Premier for sponsorship reasons, was the fourth season of the Liga Premier, the second-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 22 December 2006 and concluded on 21 July 2007. A total of 11 clubs compete in a single group format for the promotion to expanded 2007–08 Liga Super season.

The Liga Premier champions for 2006–07 was PDRM. The club were promoted to 2007–08 Liga Super along with runners-up UPB-MyTeam.
Viola hispida
Viola hispida is a plant species in the genus Viola. It is endemic in France, and more specifically in the Seine valley. It is known as the Violette de Cry ('violet of Cry', pronounced [kʁi], CREE) or Pensée de Cry ('pansy of Cry').

Viola (plant)
Viola, commonly known as the violets, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. It is the largest genus in the family, containing over 680 species. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes.

Some Viola species are perennial plants, some are annual plants, and a few are small shrubs. Many species, varieties and cultivars are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers. In horticulture, the term pansy is normally used for those multi-colored large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seed and used extensively in bedding.