hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Place du Colonel Fabien
The Place du Colonel Fabien (English: Colonel Fabien Square) is a square in Paris straddling the 10th and 19th arrondissements. Before the liberation of Paris, the square was called the Place du Combat ('Combat Square'), but it was renamed in honour of the French communist resistance hero Pierre Georges, whose nom de guerre was Colonel Fabien.

The headquarters of the French Communist Party, designed by the Brazilian communist and utilitarian architect Oscar Niemeyer, is located here, as is a station of the Paris Métro. Nearby is the former location of the medieval Gibbet of Montfaucon, a multi-tiered gibbet that was for most of its history outside the city walls of Paris.

19th arrondissement of Paris
The 19th arrondissement of Paris (XIXe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dix-neuvième.

The arrondissement, known as Butte-Chaumont, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. It is crossed by two canals, the Canal Saint-Denis and the Canal de l'Ourcq, which meet near the Parc de la Villette.

The 19th arrondissement, mixing the Old French bohemianism and also the Parisian cosmopolitanism, includes two public parks: the Parc des Buttes Chaumont, located on a hill, and the Parc de la Villette, which is home to the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, a museum and exhibition center; the Conservatoire de Paris, one of the most renowned music schools in Europe; the Cabaret Sauvage; and the Zénith de Paris and the Philharmonie de Paris, both part of the Cité de la Musique.
Sonchus lobatiflorus
Sonchus lobatiflorus, synonym Dendroseris gigantea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands. It is threatened by habitat loss. Sonchus lobatiflorus has one plant representative left on Selkirk island, although it is being artificially planted on Robinson Crusoe Island.

Alejandro Selkirk Island
Alejandro Selkirk Island (Spanish: Isla Alejandro Selkirk), previously known as Más Afuera (Farther Out (to Sea)), is the largest and most westerly island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago of the Valparaíso Region of Chile. The island was renamed after the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk despite the fact that Selkirk was marooned on what is now Robinson Crusoe Island, situated 180 km (100 nmi; 110 mi) to the east.

The Archipelago was home to the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk from 1704 to 1709, and is thought to have inspired English novelist Daniel Defoe's fictional Robinson Crusoe in his 1719 novel about the character (although the novel is explicitly set in the Caribbean, not in the Juan Fernández Islands). This was just one of several survival stories from the period that Defoe would have been aware of. To reflect the literary lore associated with the island and attract tourists, the Chilean government renamed the place Alejandro Selkirk Island in 1966.
William Lukin
Vice-Admiral William Lukin Windham (born William Lukin; 20 September 1768 – 12 January 1833) was a Royal Navy officer who rose to the rank of Vice Admiral and served with great distinction through the Napoleonic Wars. Eventually he inherited the house and estates of William Windham.

North Norfolk
North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Cromer, and the largest town is North Walsham. The district also includes the towns of Fakenham, Holt, Sheringham, Stalham and Wells-next-the-Sea, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district lies on the north coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea, with much of its coastline lying within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Some south-eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads. The neighbouring districts are Great Yarmouth, Breckland, Broadland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Blackett, New South Wales
Blackett is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Blackett is located 48 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Blacktown and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Blacktown City Council
Blacktown City Council is a local government area in Western Sydney, situated on the Cumberland Plain, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1906 as the Blacktown Shire and becoming the Municipality of Blacktown in 1961 before gaining city status in 1979, the City occupies an area of 246.9 square kilometres (95.3 sq mi) and has a population of 410,419, making it the most populous local government area in Sydney. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The Mayor of Blacktown City Council is Councillor Brad Bunting following the death of then-mayor Tony Bleasdale OAM, a member of the Australian Labor Party who died 3 May 2024.
Château de Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine
The Château of Saint-Maure-de-Touraine, also known as the Château des Rohan, was built during the 15th century in Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine, in Indre-et-Loire. It was founded by Fulk III of Anjou around 990.

The structure was added to the supplementary inventory of historic monuments in 1926. Its entrance tower was listed in 1936.

It currently houses a heritage center.

House of La Rochefoucauld
The House of La Rochefoucauld is an ancient family of French nobility. Its earliest origins date back to the 10th century, in the area of what is now the village of La Rochefoucauld, 400 kilometres (250 mi) southwest by south of Paris. The family's lineage begins with Foucauld I of La Roche (973–1047), the first Lord of La Roche, later known as La Rochefoucauld (Roche + Foucauld). He was possibly the son of Adémar of La Roche, also known as Amaury or Esmerin (circa 952 – before 1037), Lord of La Roche. Over the centuries, the family rose in prominence, earning numerous titles and distinctions.
Red Devils Motorcycle Club
The Red Devils Motorcycle Club (RDMC) is an international 1% outlaw motorcycle club and the principal support club of the Hells Angels. The club is not to be confused with the now-defunct Original Red Devils Motorcycle Club that was founded in Canada in the late 1940s. This club patched over to the East Coast based Bacchus in 2015.

With chapters in nearly 20 countries, the Red Devils MC have been involved in numerous disputes with law enforcement and rival one-percenter motorcycle groups.

Original Red Devils Motorcycle Club
The Original Red Devils Motorcycle Club was a Canadian outlaw motorcycle club based in Southern Ontario, it was founded in Hamilton in 1948, making it one of Canada's oldest Motorcycle Club. The club originally went by  "Red Devils", however to differentiate themselves as the original from the other motorcycle clubs using similar names they added the "Original" onto the front of their name.
Gaolan Island
Gaolan Island (Chinese: 高栏岛) is an island in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. It spans an area of 34.39 km2 and has a coastline of 34.9 km. The island is famous for its beaches and rock paintings, dating to the Late Neolithic. It is located about 50 kilometers southwest of Zhuhai city.

Late Neolithic
In the archaeology of Southwest Asia, the Late Neolithic, also known as the Ceramic Neolithic or Pottery Neolithic, is the final part of the Neolithic period, following on from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and preceding the Chalcolithic. It is sometimes further divided into Pottery Neolithic A (PNA) and Pottery Neolithic B (PNB) phases.

The Late Neolithic began with the first experiments with pottery, around 7000 BCE, and lasted until the discovery of copper metallurgy and the start of the Chalcolithic around 4500 BCE.
Sinclair Freeway
The Sinclair Freeway refers to portions of two contiguous stretches of freeway in California:

Interstate 280 (California) between Route 17 and US 101

Interstate 680 (California) between US 101 and the Alameda County line

The name is after Joseph P. Sinclair who was the District Engineer for District IV of the Division of Highways (now Caltrans) from 1952 to 1964. This stretch of I-280 and I-680 provided San Jose with its first freeway service. The concept for the freeway took shape during the tenure of Joseph Sinclair. It was named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 104, Chapt. 168 in 1967.

California State Route 17
State Route 17 (SR 17, locally known as Highway 17) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from State Route 1 in Santa Cruz to I-280 and I-880 in San Jose. SR 17, a freeway and expressway, carries substantial commuter and vacation traffic through the Santa Cruz Mountains at Patchen Pass ("The Summit") between Santa Cruz and the San Francisco Bay Area.
C.D. Pinhalnovense
Clube Desportivo Pinhalnovense is a Portuguese football club based in the town of Pinhal Novo, Palmela, Setúbal District. Founded in 1948, it currently plays in AF Setúbal 2ª Divisão, holding home games at Campo de Jogos Santos Jorge, with a 5,000-seat capacity.

The club reached the quarter final stage of the 2009–10 Taça de Portugal, where they played at the home stadium of C.D. Cova da Piedade in a 3–1 loss to first league side Naval 1 de Maio. Although the team from the third tier took a 1–0 lead into half time, a strong second-half showing from Naval saw them advance to the semi finals by a score of 3–1. The club subsequently reached the quarter final stage of the following season's cup, where they were drawn against defending champions Porto.

The club's most high-profile player was former Portuguese international Jorge Cadete, who spent the 2004–05 season there before retiring.

C.D. Cova da Piedade
Clube Desportivo Cova da Piedade is a football club established in the parish of Cova da Piedade, municipality of Almada, Portugal. The club merged with B-SAD, in an attempt of the former to retain their position currently in Liga 3, the third tier of Portuguese football, but they weren't granted license and were relegated to distrital championships.
2014 Galway County Council election
An election to all 39 seats on Galway County Council took place on 23 May 2014 as part of the 2014 Irish local elections, an increase from 30 seats at the 2009 election. County Galway was divided into 5 local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). In addition, the town councils of Ballinasloe, Loughrea and Tuam were all abolished.

Fine Gael remained the largest party in terms of votes while having the same seats as Fianna Fáil. Fine Gael lost 1 seat overall, in Loughrea, while Fianna Fáil made 5 gains; 1 each in Ballinasloe, Connemara, Athenry-Oranmore and 2 in Loughrea. Independents had another good election winning 4 additional seats while Sinn Féin made gains in Connemara and in Athenry-Oranmore. Republican Sinn Féin retained their solitary seat in Connemara.

2009 Galway County Council election
An election to Galway County Council took place on 5 June 2009 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 30 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
CD Guadalajara (Spain)
Club Deportivo Guadalajara, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club based in Guadalajara, in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Founded in 1947 it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 1, holding home matches at Estadio Pedro Escartín, with a capacity for 6,000 seats.

Elche CF
Elche Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. (Valencian: Elx Club de Futbol, S.A.D.) is a Spanish professional football club based in Elche, Province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community, Spain. Founded in 1923, the club will compete in La Liga for the 2025–26 season, holding home matches at the Estadio Martínez Valero, with a capacity of 33,732 seats.

Founded in 1923 as the result of a merger between all of the town's clubs, Elche entered the league system in 1929, reaching Segunda División in 1934 and La Liga in 1959, finishing fifth in the latter tournament in 1963–64. The club were runners-up in the Copa del Rey in 1969.
Boulevard Castilhos França
Boulevard Castilhos França, originally called Rua Nova do Imperador and Boulevard da República, is a street located in the Campina neighborhood, on the shores of Guajará Bay, in the Brazilian city of Belém, capital of the state of Pará. Created in 1848, it is one of Belém's first wide thoroughfares. In 1930, it was renamed Boulevard Castilhos França in honor of Navy Commander Eurico de Castilhos França.

Guajará Bay
Guajará Bay (Portuguese: Baía do Guajará) is formed by the confluence of the mouths of the Guamá and Acará rivers, which border the municipalities of Barcarena and Belém, the capital of Pará. Its waters flow into Marajó Bay and end in the Atlantic Ocean.
Bhagwantnagar Assembly constituency
Bhagwant Nagar Vidhan Sabha seat is one of the constituencies of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It covers the city of Bhagwantnagar in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Bhagwantnagar is one of six assembly constituencies in the Unnao Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 166 amongst 403 constituencies of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

Unnao district
Unnao district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in central India. The city of Unnao is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.

As of the 2011 census, Unnao district has a population of 3,108,367, making it the 31st-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh. It is a predominantly rural district, with over 80% of the population living in rural areas.
Random modulation
In the theories of modulation and of stochastic processes, random modulation is the creation of a new signal from two other signals by the process of quadrature amplitude modulation. In particular, the two signals are considered as being random processes. For applications, the two original signals need have a limited frequency range, and these are used to modulate a third sinusoidal carrier signal whose frequency is above the range of frequencies contained in the original signals.

Baseband
In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is the range of frequencies occupied by a signal that has not been modulated to higher frequencies. Baseband signals typically originate from transducers, converting some other variable into an electrical signal.  For example, the electronic output of a microphone is a baseband signal that is analogous to the applied voice audio. In conventional analog radio broadcasting, the baseband audio signal is used to modulate an RF carrier signal of a much higher frequency.

A baseband signal may have frequency components going all the way down to the DC bias, or at least it will have a high ratio bandwidth.  A modulated baseband signal is called a passband signal.  This occupies a higher range of frequencies and has a lower ratio and fractional bandwidth.
1907 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1907 U.S. Open was the 13th U.S. Open, held June 20–21 at Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, a neighborhood of northwest Philadelphia. Alec Ross posted four sub-80 rounds to win his only major title, two strokes ahead of runner-up Gilbert Nicholls.

After the first 36 holes on Thursday, Ross owned a one-shot lead over Jack Hobens, who recorded the first hole-in-one in U.S. Open history in the second round.

Hobens led Nicholls by one after the third round on Friday morning, but an 85 in the afternoon dropped him to fourth place. Ross began the round two behind Hobens and shot a 76 to prevail by two over Nicholls, who shot 79. Ross' older brother Donald, the famed golf course architect, finished tenth.

Defending champion Alex Smith opted to play in the Open Championship in England, held on the same two days at Hoylake.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
2024 FireKeepers Casino 400
The 2024 FireKeepers Casino 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on August 18 and 19, 2024, at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan. Contested over 206 laps -- extended from 200 laps due to an overtime finish, on the 2.0-mile (3.2 km) D-shaped oval, it was the 24th race of the 2024 NASCAR Cup Series season. The race began on Sunday, August 18, before rain delayed it to Monday, August 19, after 51 laps were complete. Tyler Reddick won the race. William Byron finished 2nd, and Ty Gibbs finished 3rd. Kyle Busch and Brad Keselowski rounded out the top five, and Chris Buescher, Zane Smith, Daniel Suárez, Denny Hamlin, and Carson Hocevar rounded out the top ten.

NASCAR Cup Series at Michigan International Speedway
Stock car races events in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held annually at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan since 1969.

A second race at the track was also held until 2020; prior to 2021, the only other season where only one race was held at the track was in 1973.
Propadienone
Propadienone is an organic compound with molecular formula C3H2O consisting of a propadiene carbon framework with a ketone functional group. The structure of propadienone is not the same as propadiene or carbon suboxide. In propadienone, oxygen has +1 formal charge and C2 carbon has -1 formal charge.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Information deficit model
In studies of science communication, the information deficit model, also known as the deficit model or science literacy/knowledge deficit model, theorizes that scientific literacy can be improved with increased public engagement by the scientific community. As a result, the public may then be able to make more decisions that are science-informed. The model implies that communication should focus on improving the transfer of information from experts to non-experts.

Currently, many studies challenge the information deficit model as it ignores the cognitive, social, and affective factors that influence one's formation of attitude and judgements toward science and technology.

Cognitive miser
In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers.

Psychologists Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor introduced the term in 1984, writing that "People are limited in their capacity to process information, so they take shortcuts whenever they can." It is an important concept in social cognition theory and has been influential in other social sciences such as economics and political science.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong
The existing Hong Kong honours system was created after the transfer of government of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China as a special administrative region in 1997. Before that, Hong Kong was a British dependent territory and followed the British honours system.

The Hong Kong SAR government releases an annual Honours List, which is published in the Government Gazette on Establishment Day (1 July).

Royal Red Cross
The Royal Red Cross (RRC) is a military decoration awarded in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for exceptional services in military nursing. It was created in 1883, and the first two awards were to Florence Nightingale and Jane Cecilia Deeble. Deeble had served in Zulu Kingdom and the Colony of Natal during the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879, and she had noted that the work of the nurses was not recognised officially.
Shahzadeh Mohammad, Boyer-Ahmad
Shahzadeh Mohammad (Persian: شاهزاده محمد, also Romanized as Shāhzādeh Moḩammad) is a village in Kakan Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 6 families.

Kakan Rural District
Kakan Rural District (Persian: دهستان كاكان) is in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mansurkhani. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Abbas Ali Khani.
Gymnopus herinkii
Gymnopus herinkii is a rare species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. It was described in 1998 by mycologists Vladimír Antonín and Machiel Noordeloos. The type specimen was from a collection made in the Lenora region of Bohemia, made by Czech mycologists Jiří Kubička and Josef Herink in 1952; the latter is acknowledged in the species epithet. Marcel Bon proposed a transfer to the genus Collybia in 1998.

Characteristic features of Gymnopus herinkii include the distantly-spaced gills on the underside of the hygrophanous, brown cap, and an onion-like odour. Microscopic characteristics include the lack of cheilocystidia, and the lack of a dryophila-structure in the pileipellis. The fungus grows on fallen leaves or humus.

Omphalotaceae
The Omphalotaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are most frequently agarics (gilled mushrooms), but occasionally corticioid (in the genus Brunneocorticium) or poroid (in the genus Hymenoporus).
Guy Etton
The Venerable Guy Etton was an Anglican priest in the late 16th and early 17th  centuries.

He was educated at the University of Oxford. He held livings at St. James the Elder, Horton, Gloucestershire and  St. Leonard, Shoreditch. He was Archdeacon of Gloucester from 1559 to 1571. He died in 1577.

Archdeacon of Gloucester
The Archdeacon of Gloucester is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Gloucester, England whose responsibilities include the care of clergy and church buildings within the area of the Archdeaconry of Gloucester.
Çağlayan (Metrobus)
Çağlayan is a station on the Istanbul Metrobus Bus rapid transit line. It is located on the Istanbul Inner Beltway in Şişli, Istanbul, adjacent to the Istanbul Justice Palace. The station is serviced by five of the seven metrobus routes

The station was opened on 8 September 2008 as part of the ten station eastward expansion of the line.

Şişli
Şişli (pronounced [ˈʃiʃli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. It is also the name of a specific area of Şişli district centered on the Sişli Mosque.