hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agricultural economics
Agricultural economics is an applied field of economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food and fiber products. 
Agricultural economics began as a branch of economics that specifically dealt with land usage. It focused on maximizing the crop yield while maintaining a good soil ecosystem.  Throughout the 20th century the discipline expanded and the current scope of the discipline is much broader.  Agricultural economics today includes a variety of applied areas, having considerable overlap with conventional economics. Agricultural economists have made substantial contributions to research in economics, econometrics, development economics, and environmental economics.  Agricultural economics influences food policy, agricultural policy, and environmental policy.

Agricultural marketing
Agricultural marketing  covers the services involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the consumer. These services involve the planning, organizing, directing and handling of agricultural produce in such a way as to satisfy farmers, intermediaries and consumers. Numerous interconnected activities are involved in doing this, such as planning production, growing and harvesting, grading, packing and packaging, transport, storage, agro- and food processing, provision of market information, distribution, advertising and sale. Effectively, the term encompasses the entire range of supply chain operations for agricultural products, whether conducted through ad hoc sales or through a more integrated chain, such as one involving contract farming.
Thomas Dumaresq
Admiral Thomas Dumaresq (1729 – 18 July 1802) was an officer in the British Royal Navy that rose to the rank of Admiral. Dumaresq was notable for his role as Captain of HMS Repulse in the Battle of the Saintes during the American Revolutionary War.

History of Antigua and Barbuda
The history of Antigua and Barbuda covers the period from the arrival of the Archaic peoples thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands encompassing present-day Antigua and Barbuda were inhabited by three successive Amerindian societies. The island was claimed by England, who colonized the islands in 1632. Under English/British control, the islands witnessed an influx of both Britons and African slaves to the island. In 1981, the islands were granted independence as the modern state of Antigua and Barbuda.
Bùi Thanh Sơn
Bùi Thanh Sơn (born October 16, 1962, in Hà Nội) is a Vietnamese politician. He is currently the Deputy Prime Minister since 2024 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, serving since 2021. He is also a member of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, a member of the National Assembly for the 15th term (2021–2026), representing the Vĩnh Phúc delegation, a member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Central Agencies Bloc, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and a member of the National Defense and Security Council.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)
The minister of foreign affairs  is the Government of Vietnam member in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Moreover, member of Council for National Defense and Security. Since 2007, the minister of foreign affairs served as Deputy Prime Minister and sometimes a member of the Politburo, making this ministership one of the highest ranking members in the Vietnamese cabinet. The current Vietnamese acting minister of foreign affairs is Lê Hoài Trung.
2006–07 Montenegrin First League
The 2006–07 Montenegrin First League season was the inaugural season of the league as Montenegro's top-tier football competition. Although the league existed before, it was previously a second-tier league, underneath the Serbo-Montenegrin First League. Upon the independence of Montenegro, and the establishment of a Montenegrin Football Association, the league became disassociated with the Serbo-Montenegrin league and thus was given its present position.

The league played its first games of the season on 12 August 2006 and its final matches were played on 26 May 2007. On 26 May, after their final match, FK Zeta were confirmed as the league's first ever champions under the new FA, and thus qualified as the country's first-ever UEFA Champions League competitor.

Montenegrin Second League
The Montenegrin Second League (Montenegrin: Druga crnogorska fudbalska liga – Druga CFL – 2. CFL) referred to as the Meridianbet 2. CFL for sponsorship reasons,  is the second-top football league in Montenegro. It is headed by the Football Association of Montenegro. Second Montenegrin League consists of 10 participants. The top team qualifies for the First League of Montenegro, the second and third one contest in a playoff match against the 8th and 9th team from the First League, while the bottom-placed two teams are relegated to any of the three third-tier leagues, to be replaced by the two winners of a three-way promotion playoffs, contested by the winners of the three Third League divisions.
Japanese Lighthouse (Garapan, Saipan)
The Japanese Lighthouse is an old lighthouse situated atop Navy Hill in Garapan, Saipan, in the Northern Mariana Islands. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The lighthouse is one of the few surviving pre-World War II, civilian structures originally built by the Japanese.

It was damaged and repaired during WW2, then abandoned until being turned into restaurant in the 1990s but was eventually left derelict again. Since 2021 it was refurbished and has become a popular tourist destination with cafe. known for its views of the surrounding area.

Garapan, Saipan
Garapan (Old Japanese: 柄帆町, romanized: Garapan-chō) is the largest village and the center of the tourism industry on the island of Saipan, which is a part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Garapan, as a census-designated place, has an area of 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi) and a population of 3,096 (census of population, 2020).
Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky (Russian: Михаил Иванович Туган-Барановский; Ukrainian: Михайло Іванович Туган-Барановський, romanized: Mykhailo Ivanovych Tuhan-Baranovskyi; January 20, 1865 - January 21, 1919) was a Russian and Ukrainian Marxist, economist, and politician.

He was a leading exponent of Legal Marxism in the Russian Empire and was the author of numerous works dealing with the theory of value, the distribution of a social revenue, history of managerial development, and fundamentals of cooperative managerial activities.

After the Russian Revolution, he was a founder of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and one of the earliest Ukrainian ministers of finances in Volodymyr Vynnychenko's General Secretariat of the Central Council of Ukraine.

Volodymyr Vynnychenko
Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko (Ukrainian: Володимир Кирилович Винниченко; July 28 [O.S. July 16] 1880 – March 6, 1951) was a Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright and artist who served as the first prime minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Prior to his entry onto the stage of Ukrainian politics, he was a long-time political activist, who lived abroad in Western Europe from 1906 to 1914 escaping persecution by Russian authorities.

Vynnychenko's works reflect his immersion in the Ukrainian revolutionary milieu, as well as his life both among impoverished working-class people, and among émigrés living in Western Europe. He is recognized as a leading Ukrainian modernist writer of the pre-revolutionary era, and an author of short stories, novels, and plays. In Soviet Ukraine between the 1930s and mid-1980s Vynnychenko's works, like those of many other Ukrainian writers, were forbidden.
John Abraham (American football)
John Antonio Nettles-Abraham (born May 6, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end and linebacker for 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks, and was selected by the New York Jets in the first round of the 2000 NFL draft. Abraham also played for the Atlanta Falcons and Arizona Cardinals. A three-time first-team All-Pro and five-time selection for the Pro Bowl, Abraham is often regarded as one of the greatest defensive ends of the 2000s, and universally cited as one of the greatest defensive linemen in the history of the New York Jets.

NFL Top 100 Players of 2011
The NFL Top 100 Players of 2011 was the first season of the series. It ended with reigning NFL MVP Tom Brady being ranked #1, while Super Bowl MVP Aaron Rodgers was ranked #11. Four teams ended up with no players on the list: Buffalo Bills, Cincinnati Bengals, Seattle Seahawks, Washington Redskins.
Kai Stewart
Kai Stewart (born June 17, 2000) is an American bare-knuckle boxer and mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship in the featherweight division, where he is the current and inaugural BKFC Featherweight Champion. As a mixed martial artist, he has competed in the welterweight division. As of January 29, 2026, he is #2 in the BKFC men's pound-for-pound rankings.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
Taypi Kunka
Taypi Kunka (Aymara taypi center, middle, kunka throat, throat, gullet, neck, "central throat", Hispanicized spelling Taypicunca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800-metre (15,700 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Crucero District. Taypi Kunka lies at a lake named Wiluyuq Qucha, northwest of Apachita and northeast of Pinkilluni Urqu.

Apachita (Puno)
Apacheta (Aymara for the place of transit of an important pass in the principal routes of the Andes; name for a stone cairn in the Andes, a little pile of rocks built along the trail in the high mountains, also spelled Apacheta) is a 5,168-metre-high (16,955 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Crucero District. Apachita lies west of the peaks of Ariquma, north of Ariquma Lake and northeast of Wiluyuq Qucha and the peak of Wiluyuq Urqu.
Centre stick
A centre stick (spelled center stick in American English), or simply control stick, is an aircraft cockpit arrangement where the control column (or joystick) is located in the center of the cockpit either between the pilot's legs or between the pilots' positions. Since the throttle controls are typically located to the left of the pilot, the right hand is used for the stick, although left-hand or both-hands operation is possible if required.

The centre stick is a part of an aircraft's flight control system and is typically linked to its ailerons and elevators, or alternatively to its elevons, by control rods or control cables on basic aircraft. On heavier, faster, more advanced aircraft the centre stick may also control power-assist modules. Modern aircraft centre sticks are also usually equipped with a number of electrical control switches within easy finger reach, in order to reduce the pilot's workload.

Elevator (aeronautics)
Elevators  are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's pitch, and therefore the angle of attack and the lift of the wing. The elevators are usually hinged to the tailplane or horizontal stabilizer. They may be the only pitch control surface present, and are sometimes located at the front of the aircraft (early airplanes and canards) or integrated into a rear "all-moving tailplane", also called a slab elevator or stabilator.
Magaliessig
Magaliessig is a suburb of Sandton, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and it is part of Fourways.

It is one of two suburbs, the other being Lone Hill, which piloted a waste recycling scheme initiated by Pikitup, the City's waste utility, and Mama She Waste Recyclers, an NGO, in 2006.

Sandton
Sandton is a financial, commercial and residential city, located in the northern part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Formerly an independent municipality, Sandton's name came from the combination of two of its suburbs, Sandown and Bryanston.
Litoral Department
Littoral, also known as Atacama, was a department of Bolivia. The term is also used to describe the Bolivian coast in the Atacama Desert included in the country's territory from its inception in 1825 until 1879, when it was lost to Chile.

Departments of Bolivia
Bolivia is a unitary state consisting of nine departments (Spanish: departamentos). Departments are the primary subdivisions of Bolivia, and possess certain rights under the Constitution of Bolivia. Each department is represented in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly—a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Each department is represented by four Senators, while Deputies are awarded to each department in proportion to their total population.

Out of the nine departments, La Paz was originally the most populous, with 2,706,351 inhabitants as of 2012 but the far eastern department of Santa Cruz has since surpassed it by 2020; Santa Cruz also claims the title as the largest, encompassing 370,621 square kilometres (143,098 sq mi). Pando is the least populated, with a population of 110,436. The smallest in area is Tarija, encompassing 37,623 square kilometres (14,526 sq mi).
2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships  (2023 WJHC) was the 47th edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship, held from 26 December 2022 to 5 January 2023. It was won by Canada, in overtime of the gold-medal game. Czechia won the silver, their first medal since 2005.

Overtime (ice hockey)
Overtime is a method of determining a winner in an ice hockey game when the score is tied after regulation. The main methods of determining a winner in a tied game are the overtime period (commonly referred to as overtime), the shootout, or a combination of both. If league rules dictate a finite time in which overtime may be played, with no penalty shoot-out to follow, the game's winning team may or may not be necessarily determined.
United States Second Fleet
The United States Second Fleet is a numbered fleet in the United States Navy responsible for operations in the East Coast and North Atlantic Ocean. Established after World War II, Second Fleet was deactivated in 2011, when the United States government believed that Russia's military threat had diminished, and reestablished in 2018 amid renewed tensions between NATO and Russia.

Second Fleet's area of responsibility includes about 6,700,000 square miles (17,000,000 km2) of the Atlantic Ocean from the North Pole to the Caribbean and from the shores of the United States to the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Second Fleet's United States West Coast counterpart was United States First Fleet from the immediate post-World War II years until 1973, and United States Third Fleet from 1973.

In 2011, Second Fleet oversaw about 126 ships, 4,500 aircraft, and 90,000 personnel homeported at U.S. Navy installations along the United States East Coast.

United States Third Fleet
The United States Third Fleet is one of the numbered fleets in the United States Navy. Third Fleet's area of responsibility includes approximately fifty million square miles of the eastern and northern Pacific Ocean areas including the Bering Sea, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and a sector of the Arctic. Major oil and trade sea lines of communication within this area are critically important to the economic health of the United States and friendly nations throughout the Pacific Rim region.

First established in 1943, the Third Fleet conducted extensive operations against Japanese forces in the Central Pacific during World War II. Deactivated in 1945, the fleet remained inactive until 1973, when it was reactivated and assumed its current responsibilities.
Joseph Beauchamp
Joseph Beauchamp (June 20, 1739 – June 27, 1825) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Surrey in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1809 to 1810.

He was born in Lachenaie, the son of Joseph Beauchamp and Marie Martel. Beauchamp operated a farm at Varennes. He served as a lieutenant in the militia, later reaching the rank of captain. Beauchamp was married twice: first to Marie Girard in 1761 and then, in 1822, to Marie-Anne-Julie Rocbert de La Morandière, the widow of Joseph Crevier Duvernay, who was the mother of Ludger Duvernay. He did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1810. Beauchamp died in Varennes at the age of 86.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 2
The European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 2 (also known as the 2013 Rotterdam Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 18 and 21 July 2013 at the Topsport Centrum in Rotterdam, Netherlands. This was the second ever professional snooker tournament in the Netherlands after the 1991 European Open.

Mark Williams won his 25th professional title by defeating Mark Selby 4–3 in the final.

Players Tour Championship 2013/2014
The Players Tour Championship 2013/2014 was a series of snooker tournaments which started on 6 June 2013 and ended on 29 March 2014, with events held across Europe and Asia. In this season the European events formed the European Tour and events held in Asia the Asian Tour. The twelve regular minor-ranking events concluded with the Finals.
14th British Academy Games Awards
The 14th British Academy Video Game Awards hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts on 12 April 2018 at Troxy honoured the best video games of 2017. It was hosted by Dara Ó Briain, who had previously hosted the 12th ceremony in 2016.

12th British Academy Games Awards
The 12th British Academy Game Awards awarded by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, is an award ceremony that was held on 7 April 2016 at Tobacco Dock in London. The ceremony honoured achievement in video gaming in 2015 and was hosted by Dara Ó Briain.
Langvatnet (Rana)
Langvatnet is a lake in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 26.38-square-kilometre (10.19 sq mi) lake lies just northwest of the town of Mo i Rana. The lake flows out into the river Langvassåga just north of Mo i Rana Airport, Røssvoll. The lake used as a reservoir for the Langvatn hydroelectric power plant in the village of Ytteren, just down the hill from the lake.

Mo i Rana Airport, Røssvoll
Mo i Rana Airport (Norwegian: Mo i Rana lufthavn; IATA: MQN, ICAO: ENRA) is a regional airport serving the town of Mo i Rana in Rana in Nordland county, Norway. The airport is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) outside the town in the village of Røssvoll.  In 2014 Mo i Rana Airport served 104,474 passengers. It is operated by Avinor.
Greystones United A.F.C.
Greystones United Association Football Club is an Irish football club located in Greystones, County Wicklow. It boasts one of the country's largest number of teams in total throughout all age groups. The club's teams compete in the Dublin District Schoolboys/girls League (DDSL), Wicklow District Football League (WDFL), and Leinster Senior League (LSL).

A successor entity to former football clubs Greystones A.F.C. and Greystones United, the club previously qualified for the FAI Cup in 2002, 2011 and 2017.

Bray Wanderers F.C.
Bray Wanderers Football Club are an Irish association football club playing in the League of Ireland First Division. The club in its present form was founded in 1942 in Bray, and was known until 2010 as Bray Wanderers A.F.C. It was elected to the league in 1985, and plays its home matches at the Carlisle Grounds. The club colours are green and white, and it goes by the nickname "The Seagulls".
Autumn Stakes (United States)
The Autumn Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually for thirty years at Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York. Inaugurated the year the track opened in 1880, it was an important event run on dirt that was open to two-year-old horses of either sex. Initially contested at a distance of six furlongs, from 1890 through 1899 it was raced over the track's Futurity Course at 5.75 furlongs before returning to the original distance.

In its September 10, 1880 reporting on the inaugural Autumn Stakes that resulted in a dead heat between Brambaletta and Bonnie Lizzie, the New York Times called it "one of the most magnificent finishes ever seen."

Dinna Ken, from the Harry P. Whitney stable, finished first in the 1906 running of the Autumn Stakes but was disqualified for a crossing interference at the start of the race that gave runner-up Arcite the win.

James Ben Ali Haggin
James Ben Ali Haggin (December 9, 1822 – September 12, 1914) was an American
attorney, rancher, investor, art collector, and a major owner and breeder in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. Haggin made a fortune in the aftermath of the California Gold Rush and was a multi-millionaire by 1880.

Those who recounted James Ben Ali Haggin's appearance often noted his short stature and "slightly Oriental appearance handed down from his Turkish ancestors".
Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has been said, by both sides and independent observers, to be biased. This coverage includes news, academic discussion, film, and social media. These perceptions of bias, possibly exacerbated by the hostile media effect, have generated more complaints of partisan reporting than any other news topic and have led to a proliferation of media watchdog groups.

Hasbara
The public diplomacy of Israel, or hasbara (Hebrew: הַסְבָּרָה), includes mass communication and individual interaction with foreign nationals through social and traditional media, as well as cultural diplomacy. Organizations involved include the IDF Spokesperson's Unit, Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and pro-Israel civil society organizations. Historically, these efforts have evolved from being called "propaganda" by early Zionists (when the term was considered neutral), with Theodor Herzl advocating such activities in 1899, to the more contemporary Hebrew term hasbara introduced by Nahum Sokolow, which roughly means "explaining". This communicative strategy seeks to justify actions and is considered reactive and event-driven.