hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weißpfennig
The Weißpfennig (literally white penny; Latin - denarius albus) was a form of silver groschen that was circulated in the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages. It was also known as an albus or a Rhenish groschen (rheinischer Groschen). It was minted from the second half of the 14th century onwards in the Lower Rhine region by the four Rhenish electors of the Holy Roman Empire, who set up a joint mint in 1385–86. It was intended for everyday use, whilst the gold Rhenish gulden of the same era was intended as a trade coin. Those minted in Mainz were inscribed on one side 'Mainzer Rad' ("Mainz Wheel") and were also known as Raderalbus ("Wheel albus").

Rhenish gulden
The Rhenish gulden or Rhenish guilder (German: Rheinischer Gulden; Latin: florenus Rheni) was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries.  They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (0.12–0.13 oz).
2014 Irish cricket season
In the 2014 Irish cricket season, Ireland hosted three international series, against Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka A and Scotland, losing the two against Sri Lankan teams, but beating Scotland. In domestic cricket, Leinster Lightning won two of the three competitions, while North-West Warriors won the other.

Sri Lanka A cricket team
The Sri Lanka A cricket team is a national cricket team representing Sri Lanka. It is the second-tier of international Sri Lankan cricket, below the full Sri Lanka national cricket team. Matches played by Sri Lanka A are not considered to be Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification, respectively. Sri Lanka A played their first match on 2 February 1991, a 45-over contest against England A that the Sri Lankans won by 4 wickets.

Sri Lanka A have played a number of series, both home and away against other national A teams, and competed against other first-class opposition.

Sri Lanka A Cricket team has the world record for the highest 7th wicket partnership in List A history(Rangana Herath & Thilina Kandamby put on 203*)

5 different captains have led the Sri Lanka A team in T20 matches.
Seogwipo Rural Five-Day Market
Seogwipo Rural Five-Day Market (Korean: 서귀포시 향토 오일장; Hanja: 西歸浦鄕土五日市場) is a traditional market that operates once every five days, located in Donghong-dong, Seogwipo, South Korea.

The market operates on the 4th, 9th, 14th, 19th, 24th, and 29th of each month. It is the largest such five-day market in Seogwipo (the southern half of Jeju Island).

Seogwipo
Seogwipo (Korean: 서귀포; Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ɡwi.pʰo]) is a resort city and the second-largest city on Jeju Island, settled on a rocky volcanic coastline in the southern part of the Jeju Province in South Korea. It is one of two cities on the island. In July 2006, Seogwipo's boundaries were expanded to include the entire southern half of Jeju island. As of 2024, it has a population of 180,909.

It has an UNESCO World Heritage Site was a host of the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Ernest Holmes (priest)
Christianity portal

Ernest Edward Holmes CVO  (18 November 1854  – 22 February 1931) was an eminent Anglican priest and author.

Holmes was ordained in 1876. He began his career with a curacy in  Rugeley after which he was Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Cape Town and then the Lord Bishop of Oxford. Following this he was Vicar of Sonning from July 1901 and then Chaplain to Queen Alexandra. He was Archdeacon of London from 1911 to 1930.

Archdeacon of London
The Archdeacon of London is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England. They are responsible for the eastern Archdeaconry (the Archdeaconry of London) of the Two Cities (London and Westminster) in the Diocese of London, an area without area bishop and, rather, overseen by the diocesan Bishop of London. The immediate western counterpart in this area is the Archdeacon(ry) of Charing Cross.

Since 1989, the churches of this supervisory cleric are the numerous remaining churches of the City of London. Those of the Archdeacon of Charing Cross are the relatively few churches, but much more heavily populated zone that is the City of Westminster.
38M Botond
Rába 38M Botond was a Hungarian military all-terrain truck. Designed by Győr-based Rába Magyar Vagon- és Gépgyár works, it was extensively used by the Royal Hungarian Army during World War II. The truck was based on a successful Raba AFi 1.5 ton 4×2 truck chassis, but was built with a 6×4 drivetrain to improve off-road performance. This 1.5 ton lorry was used to ferry both cargo and personnel.

There is only one surviving truck, currently in the Transport Museum of Budapest.

6×4
A 6×4 or six-by-four is a vehicle with three axles, with a drivetrain delivering power to wheels at the ends of two of them. It is a form of four-wheel drive but not one of all-wheel drive.

It is the most common form of drivetrain of semi-tractors and heavy haul fixed-chassis cargo trucks in larger countries such as the United States and Australia; in Europe, 4×2 and 6×2 variants are more commonplace.
Lost Mosque
The Lost Mosque also known by its official name, Jame' As-Sahaba (Bengali: সাহাবায়ে কেরাম মসজিদ) is an ancient mosque located in Panchagram, in Lalmonirhat District, in Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. A inscription discovered claims the mosque to be built in AH 69 (688/689 CE).

Lalmonirhat District
Lalmonirhat District (Bengali: লালমনিরহাট জেলা) is a District, situated at the northern border of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rangpur Division. Lalmonirhat mahakuma was established as a district on 1 February 1984. To the north of Lalmonirhat lie Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts of West Bengal; to the south lies Rangpur, to the east lie Kurigram and Cooch Behar; and to the west of lie Rangpur and Nilphamari District. The international border line of Lalmonirhat district is 281.6 km long.
Kroner Lake
Kroner Lake is a circular lake 370 m (1,210 ft) in diameter, lying immediately west of Whalers Bay, on Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. Its old name,  "Tokroningen", meaning the two kroner piece, was given by whalers during the period 1905–31. The original name was altered to Kroner Lake in 1950, by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee following a survey of Deception Island by Lieutenant Commander D.N. Penfold, Royal Navy, in 1948–49.

Whalers Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Whalers Bay is a small bay entered between Fildes Point and Penfold Point at the east side of Port Foster, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The bay was so named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Charcot, because of its use at that time by whalers.
Mantius
Mantius is also a genus of jumping spiders.

In Greek mythology, Mantius (/ˈmæntiəs/; Ancient Greek: Μαντίος means "diviner, seer, prophet") was the son of Melampus and Iphianassa and the father of Cleitus, Polypheides and, in some versions, of Oicles.

Oicles
In Greek mythology, Oicles or Oecles (/ˈɛkliːz/; Ancient Greek: Οἰκλῆς), also Oicleus or Oecleus (/ˈɛkljuːs/; Οἰκλεύς), was the father of the seer Amphiaraus. He accompanied Heracles on his campaign against Troy.
Battle of Balkh
The Battle of Balkh took place between the armies of the Samanid Empire under the command of Emir Isma'il ibn Ahmad and Saffarid forces under Emir Amr ibn al-Layth in 900. The Saffarid army was defeated by the Samanid forces, and Amr ibn al-Layth was captured.

The Samanid ruler, Isma'il ibn Ahmad, was sent him in chains to Baghdad, where he was executed in 902, after al-Mu'tadid's death

After the Battle, the Saffarids lost Khorasan and were left with the control of Fars, Kerman and Sistan, which they also lost after a civil war by 912

Amr ibn al-Layth
Amr ibn al-Layth or Amr-i Laith Saffari (Persian: عمرو لیث صفاری) was the second ruler of the Saffarid dynasty of Iran from 879 to 901. He was the son of a whitesmith and the younger brother of the dynasty's founder, Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar.
Nuestra Belleza Quintana Roo 2011
Nuestra Belleza Quintana Roo 2011, was held in the Hotel Gran Oasis in Cancún, Quintana Roo on July 1, 2011. At the conclusion of the final night of competition Valery Gantert of Cancún was crowned the winner. Gantert was crowned by Lupita Jones. Six contestants competed for the title.

Cancún
Cancún is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, located in southeast Mexico on the northeast coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. It is a significant tourist destination in Mexico and the seat of the municipality of Benito Juárez. The city is situated on the Caribbean Sea and is one of Mexico's easternmost points. Cancún is located just north of Mexico's Caribbean coast resort area known as the Riviera Maya. It encompasses the Hotel Zone which is the main area for tourism.
Academic grading in Svalbard
Academic grading in Svalbard is performed at the University Centre in Svalbard and at the Longyearbyen School.

The University Center of Svalbard use the same university grading system as in mainland Norway:

There are no universities in the Russian-speaking areas of Svalbard.

Longyearbyen School
Longyearbyen School (Norwegian: Longyearbyen skole) is a combined primary and secondary school located in and serving Longyearbyen, the world's northernmost settlement with a population greater than 1,000, in Svalbard, Norway. The school has about 270 pupils and 45 teachers. It is the northernmost school in the world.
Mortsel-Liersesteenweg railway station
Mortsel-Liersesteenweg is a railway station in Mortsel, just south of the city of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. The station opened in 1933 as Mortsel-Oude-God on Line 27. The station closed in 1939 and re-opened in December 2008.

Mortsel
Mortsel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɔrtsəl]) is a municipality and city close to the city of Antwerp located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the city of Mortsel proper. In 2024, Mortsel had a total population of 26,588 people which makes most densely populated municipality in Flanders with 3416 inhabitants per km². The total area is 7.78 km².
Neopets
Neopets is a free-to-play virtual pet browser game. First launched in 1999, the game allows users to own virtual pets ("Neopets") and explore a virtual world called "Neopia." Players can earn one of two virtual currencies. One currency, called Neopoints, can be obtained for free through on-site features like games, events, and contests. The other, Neocash (NC), is purchased with real-world money and can be exchanged for wearable items for pets.

Players can buy digital food, toys, and other items for their Neopets to keep them happy. They can also customize the appearance of their Neopets by applying different colors, clothing, accessories, and styles. Additionally, users can train their Neopets to fight in the "Battledome," which offers both PvP and PvE battles. Players interact with others through social features like message boards and guilds, or by buying, selling, and trading items with each other.

Non-player character
A non-player character  (NPC) is a character in a game that is not controlled by a player. The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster, or referee, rather than by another player. In video games, this usually means a computer-controlled character that has a predetermined set of behaviors that potentially will impact gameplay, but will not necessarily be the product of true artificial intelligence.
Principality of Tarragona
The Principality of Tarragona was a state in and around the city of Tarragona on the northeastern side of the Iberian peninsula. It existed from its founding by the Norman adventurer Robert d'Aguilo I (also known as Robert Bordet or Robert de Culley) in 1129 until its ultimate absorption into the Crown of Aragon in the 1170s following two decades of civil war. The state was founded after the permanent conquest of Tarragona by Christian forces during the Reconquista in 1128.

Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer IV (Catalan pronunciation: [rəˈmom bəɾəŋˈɡe]; c. 1114 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV), sometimes called the Saint, was the count of Barcelona and the prince of Aragon who brought about the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Crown of Aragon.
2010 US Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2010 US Open. It was his first US Open title and ninth major title overall, becoming the youngest man in the Open Era to  complete the career Grand Slam and career Golden Slam, at the age of 24 years, 3 months and 10 days old – a record held until Carlos Alcaraz completed his Career Grand Slam at the 2026 Australian Open. Nadal also became the first man to win the Surface Slam (majors on clay, grass, and hard courts in the same calendar year).

Juan Martín del Potro was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year after undergoing a wrist operation in May and only starting to practice again in August. Del Potro thus became the third man in the Open Era not to attempt to defend the US Open title, after Ken Rosewall in 1971 and Pete Sampras in 2003.

For the first time in tournament history, no American man was seeded in the top eight.

1971 US Open – Men's singles
Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6(5–3) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1971 US Open. It was his first major singles title.

Ken Rosewall was the reigning champion, but did not compete this year. Tony Roche, the previous year's runner-up, also did not compete in the tournament this year. The absence of both the previous year's finalists would not happen again at the US Open until 2017, 46 years later.
Littlewood subordination theorem
In mathematics, the Littlewood subordination theorem, proved by J. E. Littlewood in 1925, is a theorem in operator theory and complex analysis. It states that any holomorphic univalent self-mapping of  the unit disk in the complex numbers that fixes 0 induces a contractive composition operator on various function spaces of holomorphic functions on the disk. These spaces include the Hardy spaces, the Bergman spaces and Dirichlet space.

Bergman space
In complex analysis, functional analysis and operator theory, a Bergman space, named after Stefan Bergman, is a function space of holomorphic functions in a domain D of the complex plane that are sufficiently well-behaved at the boundary and also absolutely integrable. Specifically, for 0 < p < ∞, the Bergman space Ap(D) is the space of all holomorphic functions  in D for which the p-norm is finite:

The quantity  is called the norm of the function ; it is a true norm if , thus Ap(D) is the subspace of holomorphic functions of the space Lp(D). The Bergman spaces are Banach spaces for , which is a consequence of the following estimate that is valid on compact subsets K of D:Convergence of a sequence of holomorphic functions in Lp(D) thus implies compact convergence, and so the limit function is also holomorphic.

If p = 2, then Ap(D) is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, whose kernel is given by the Bergman kernel.
Węglewice-Kolonia
Węglewice-Kolonia [vɛŋɡlɛˈvit͡sɛ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Witonia, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Łęczyca, and 38 km (24 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Witonia
Witonia [viˈtɔɲa] is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Witonia. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Łęczyca and 43 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Thomas Callister Hales
Thomas Callister Hales (born June 4, 1958) is an American mathematician working in the areas of representation theory, discrete geometry, and formal verification. In representation theory he is known for his work on the Langlands program and the proof of the fundamental lemma over the group Sp(4) (many of his ideas were incorporated into the final proof of the fundamental lemma, due to Ngô Bảo Châu).  In discrete geometry, he settled the Kepler conjecture on the density of sphere packings, the honeycomb conjecture, and the dodecahedral conjecture. In 2014, he announced the completion of the Flyspeck Project, which formally verified the correctness of his proof of the Kepler conjecture.

Ngô Bảo Châu
Ngô Bảo Châu (Vietnamese: [ŋo ɓa᷉ːw cəw], born 28 June 1972) is a Vietnamese-French mathematician at the University of Chicago, best known for proving the fundamental lemma for automorphic forms (proposed by Robert Langlands and Diana Shelstad). He is the first Vietnamese national to have received the Fields Medal.
Methyl dihydrojasmonate
Methyl dihydrojasmonate (often referred to by its trade names of hedione or kharismal) is an aroma compound with an odor similar to that of jasmine. It is a synthetic relative of methyl jasmonate, a naturally occurring compound in floral scents such as jasmine, tuberose and magnolia. In racemic mixtures the odor is floral and citrus, while epimerized mixtures exhibit a dense buttery-floral odor with odor recognition thresholds of 15 parts per billion. Considered one of the compounds responsible for the projection of the scent in living flowers, it was first fully characterised and synthesized between 1957 and 1962 in jasmine absolute (0.8%) by the fragrance chemist Edouard Demole, who was working at Firmenich. and is used in fine fragrances as well as cosmetics, toiletries, and detergents.

Fragrance compound
A fragrance compound (or fragrance) is a chemical compound with a pleasant odor. Fragrances affect only the sense of smell, whereas flavors can affect both the sense of taste and smell. Fragrances are often mixtures of individual fragrance compounds. Although many fragrances are derived from natural sources, many are synthetic. Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics and are the basis for a large industry.
HMS Resolue (1795)
HMS Resolue was the Spanish xebec O Hydra, that the French captured in 1794 and renamed Résolue in 1795. The British captured her in 1795; she was last listed in 1802.

The French navy captured O Hydra in December 1794 and renamed her Résolue in January 1795. She had a crew of 65 men and was armed with six 6 and 3-pounder guns.

The French navy reversed the name change in August, but before the name change took effect, Captain Horatio Nelson's squadron captured her on 16 August 1795 in the Bay of Alassio. At the time of her capture Hydra/Résolue was under the command of enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu Arnaud. Nelson's letter described her as a corvette polacco ship of ten guns, four swivel guns, and 87 men. She threw six guns overboard before she was captured. She was one of 11 ships that the British captured in the Bay.

The Royal Navy took her in as the gun-brig HMS Resolue and commissioned her for the Leeward Islands. She was last listed in 1802.

Xebec
A xebec (/ˈziːbɛk/ or /zɪˈbɛk/), also spelled zebec, was a Mediterranean sailing ship that originated in the barbary states (Algeria). It was used mostly for trading. Xebecs had a long overhanging bowsprit and aft-set mizzen mast. The term can also refer to a small, fast vessel of the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, used almost exclusively in the Mediterranean Sea.
Rho Sagittarii
The Bayer designation Rho Sagittarii (Rho Sgr, ρ Sagittarii, ρ Sgr) is shared by two stars in the constellation Sagittarius.

ρ1 Sagittarii

ρ2 Sagittarii

The two stars are separated by 0.46° in the sky. Because they are close to the ecliptic, they can be occulted by the Moon and, very rarely, by planets. The next occultation of ρ1 Sagittarii by a planet will take place on 23 February 2046, when it will be occulted by Venus.

In Chinese, 建 (Jiàn), meaning Establishment, refers to an asterism consisting of ρ1 Sagittarii ξ1 Sagittarii, ο Sagittarii, π Sagittarii, 43 Sagittarii and υ Sagittarii. Consequently, ρ1 Sagittarii itself is known as 建五 (Jiàn wǔ, English: the Fifth Star of Establishment.)

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
French colonial livre
The livre was the currency of various French colonies until the early 19th century. It was subdivided into 20 sous, each of 12 deniers. It was mostly issued in paper money form and was generally linked to the French livre at the rate of 1+1⁄2 colonial livres = 1 French livre. Colonies where it was used include French Guiana, Guadeloupe (see Guadeloupe livre), Saint-Domingue (See: Haitian livre), Martinique, Mauritius, New France (see New France livre) and Réunion.

French sol
The sol, later called a sou, is the name of a number of different coins, for accounting or payment, dating from Antiquity to today. The name is derived from the late-Roman and Byzantine solidus. Its longevity of use anchored it in many expressions of the French language.
Kodigehalli, Bengaluru East
Kodigehalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Bangalore East taluka of the Bangalore Urban district, approximately 12 km from Krishnarajapuram and about 14 km from Hoskote. According to 2009 statistics, the village is administered by the gram panchayat of Mandur.

Mandur, Bengaluru East
Mandur  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Mandur village is located in Bangalore East taluka of Bangalore Urban district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 11 km away from Krishnarajapuram and around 13 km from Hoskote. As per 2009 stats, Mandur village is also a gram panchayat.
Neocussonia lukwangulensis
Neocussonia lukwangulensis is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. It is typically a freestanding tree, and uncommonly an epiphyte.

It is found in the South Pare Uluguru, Udzungwa, and Rubeho mountains, and the Mpanga-Kipengere Game Reserve in the Kipengere Range.

It grows in montane rain forest and shrubland on steep slopes and rocky ridges from 1,350 to 2,360 metres elevation. Habitats include Allanblackia-Podocarpus-Balthasaria-Zenkerella-Cussonia forest, riverine forest, with Dodonaea and Myrica merging into Kuloa usambarensis forest, on dry slopes covered with bracken ferns, on granitic rocks covered by evergreen heath or bush, and in high-elevation elfin forest with species of Erica, Agauria, Myrica, Tecomaria, Syzygium, and Podocarpus.

Balthasaria
Balthasaria is a genus of plant in the family Pentaphylacaceae. They are found in Africa, within Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zaïre.

Originally the species was called Melchiora by Clarence Emmeren Kobuski in 1956 in honour of Hans Melchior (1894 - 1984) a German botanist, but this was deemed incorrect by IPNI, as Kobuski should have formed his name by adding 'ia' to Melchior, becoming an illegitimate homonym for the fungal genus Melchioria published by Penzig and Saccardo in 1897, in honor of Melchior Treub. Botanist Bernard Verdcourt noted "Since a new name is inevitable I have chosen one based on one of the other 'wise men", ie, Balthazar.

It contains the following species :

Balthasaria mannii (Oliv.) Verdc.

Balthasaria schliebenii (Melch.) Verdc.