hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Montegallo
Montegallo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Ancona and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Ascoli Piceno.

Montegallo borders the following municipalities: Acquasanta Terme, Arquata del Tronto, Comunanza, Montemonaco, Roccafluvione.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Silent vāv
The Silent vāv (Persian: واو معدوله, romanized: Vāv-e Ma'dule; Urdu: واؤ معدولہ, romanized: Vā'o-i Ma'dūla) is an element of Persian and Urdu orthography resulting when a vāv is preceded by khe and often followed by an alef or ye, forming the combination of خوا or خوی, in which the vāv is silenced. It is always written but not typically spoken, except for in certain eastern Persian dialects wherein it is pronounced. If not followed by a long vowel, the vāv following a khe sometimes adopts the [o] sound of the short vowel zamme/pish. It was also formerly made use of when dealing with Persian loanwords in the Arabic scripts of Turkic languages, particularly in Ottoman Turkish.

Hindustani grammar
Hindustani, the lingua franca of Northern India and Pakistan, has two standardised registers: Hindi and Urdu. Grammatical differences between the two standards are minor but each uses its own script: Hindi uses Devanagari while Urdu uses an extended form of the Perso-Arabic script, typically in the Nastaʿlīq style.

On this grammar page, Hindustani is written in the transcription outlined in Masica (1991). Being "primarily a system of transliteration from the Indian scripts, [and] based in turn upon Sanskrit" (cf. IAST), these are its salient features: subscript dots for retroflex consonants; macrons for etymologically, contrastively long vowels; h for aspirated plosives; and tildes for nasalised vowels.
Pizzi (Portuguese footballer)
Luis Miguel Afonso Fernandes (born 6 October 1989), known as Pizzi (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpizi]), is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primeira Liga club Estoril.

After a successful loan at Paços de Ferreira, he spent three years in Spain with as many teams, totalling 74 games and 12 goals in La Liga. He then spent eight seasons for Benfica, making 360 appearances, scoring 93 goals and winning ten domestic honours including four Primeira Liga titles, three of which consecutively.

Pizzi made his senior international debut for Portugal in 2012 and was part of their squad at the 2017 Confederations Cup and 2018–19 UEFA Nations League, winning the latter tournament.

2011–12 UEFA Europa League
The 2011–12 UEFA Europa League was the third season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 41st edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 30 June 2011 with the first legs of the first qualifying round, and ended on 9 May 2012 with the final held at Arena Națională in Bucharest, Romania. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one on each goal line – were used in all matches of the competition from the group stage.

Atlético Madrid won the title, defeating Athletic Bilbao 3–0 in an all-Spanish final. Porto were the defending champions, but they were beaten by Manchester City in the Round of 32.
The Crux of the Biscuit
The Crux of the Biscuit is a compilation album by American musician Frank Zappa, released in July 2016, originally intended to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his album Apostrophe ('). It is the fourth project in a series of 40th Anniversary FZ Audio Documentaries, following MOFO (2006), Lumpy Money (2009) and Greasy Love Songs (2010). The name is based on the same lyric from "Stink-Foot" that Apostrophe (') is based on—"the crux of the biscuit is the apostrophe."

The MOFO Project/Object
The MOFO Project/Object is an album by Frank Zappa. The album was announced by the Zappa Family Trust in mid-2006. It commemorates the 40th anniversary of Zappa's first album, Freak Out!. It documents the making of Freak Out! featuring previously unreleased material.  It was released as a uniquely packaged 4-CD set.  It is project/object #1 in a series of 40th Anniversary FZ Audio Documentaries.

A more affordable 2-CD set, subtitled (fazedooh), was also released. CD2 tracks 2, 5, 11, 12, 13, 15 & 16 are unique to this 2-CD set release (these seven tracks do not appear on the 4-CD box set). All the other tracks are available on the 4-CD set.

The first CD of each set includes the original 1966 vinyl mix of Freak Out!. This mix has a shorter kazoo outro on "Who Are The Brain Police?"
Kroken, Troms
Kroken (Norwegian) or Biežavággi (Northern Sami) is a neighborhood in the city of Tromsø which lies in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The neighborhood is located along the Tromsøysundet strait on the mainland, just across the strait from the city centre of Tromsø which lies on the island of Tromsøya. The Tromsdalen area of the city of Tromsø lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south and the village of Movik lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north. The village is considered part of the Tromsdalen urban area.

Kroken is a large residential area that has two schools, Kroken Church, the Ishavsbyen FK association football club, and the Krokensenteret shopping mall, where Norway's largest Coop Prix used to be located, but got changed to a coop extra.

Tromsøya
Tromsøya (Norwegian) or Romssasuolu (Northern Sami) is an island in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It lies in the Tromsøysundet strait between the mainland and the larger island of Kvaløya. The city of Tromsø is located on the 21.7-square-kilometre (8.4 sq mi) island, which has 39,882 residents. The island is connected to the Tromsdalen area on the mainland to the east by the Tromsø Bridge and Tromsøysund Tunnel, and to the village of Kvaløysletta on Kvaløya island to the west by the Sandnessund Bridge.

Tromsø Airport is situated on the western side of the island. Prestvannet lake is located in the middle of the island, and the lake and the area around it is now a nature reserve area. The University of Tromsø, Tromsø police station, Tromsø fire station, University Hospital of North Norway, and Tromsø Museum are all located on the eastern part of the island.
French court
The French court ("Cour de France" in French), often simply "la cour", refers to the group of people, known as courtiers, who lived in the direct entourage of the king or, under the First and Second Empires, the emperor.

In the Middle Ages, this courtly world included not only great lords but also royal and ministerial officers responsible for the administration of the realm, as well as advisors. With the decline of the great feudal lords, it evolved into a gathering of courtiers who sought royal favor and pensions.

By the end of the Ancien régime, the term "court" also came to represent royal power in its entirety. The court was the epicenter of political life in France until the Revolution. Even in the 19th century, the term continued to denote the royal and imperial courts during the various restorations and the two imperial regimes under Napoleon.

La Princesse de Clèves
La Princesse de Clèves (French pronunciation: [la pʁɛ̃sɛs də klɛv]; "The Princess of Cleves") is a French novel which was published anonymously in March 1678.  It was regarded by many as the beginning of the modern tradition of the psychological novel and a classic work. Its author is generally held to be Madame de La Fayette.

The action takes place between October 1558 and November 1559 primarily at the royal court of Henry II of France, as well as in a few other locations in France. The novel recreates that era with remarkable precision. Nearly every character—though not the heroine—is a historical figure. Events and intrigues unfold with great faithfulness to the documentary record, and the novel is generally regarded as one of the first examples of Western historical fiction.
Languages of Belgium
As a result of being in between Latin and Germanic Europe, and historically being split between different principalities, the Kingdom of Belgium has three official languages: Dutch,  French, and German. A number of non-official, minority languages and dialects are spoken as well.

Belgian French
Belgian French (French: français de Belgique) is the variety of French spoken mainly among the French Community of Belgium, alongside related Oïl languages of the region such as Walloon, Picard, Champenois, and Lorrain (Gaumais). The French language spoken in Belgium differs very little from that of France or Switzerland. It is characterized by the use of some terms that are considered archaic in France, as well as loanwords from languages such as Walloon, Picard, and Belgian Dutch.

French is one of the three official languages of Belgium, along with Dutch and German. It is spoken natively by around 40% of the population, primarily in the regions of Wallonia and Brussels. The French spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi is largely based on Belgian French, as all three countries are former colonies of Belgium.
Westerpark (former borough)
Westerpark is a former borough (stadsdeel) just northwest of the centre of the city of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
As a borough it existed from 1990 till 2010, when it merged with the boroughs Oud-West, Bos en Lommer and De Baarsjes to form the new borough Amsterdam-West.

Westerpark comprised the following neighborhoods and areas:

Frederik Hendrikbuurt

Houthaven (former harbour area)

Spaarndammerbuurt

Staatsliedenbuurt

Waterwijk

Zeeheldenbuurt

Westerpark (neighborhood) proper including the Westerpark (park)

Houthaven
Houthaven is a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands situated in the West borough. Literally meaning "lumber port", Houthaven is a port situated along the IJ in Amsterdam's western port. It is bordered by a dam in the IJ river to the north and the Spaarndammerbuurt in the south. It is currently predominantly used by inland barges, however plans are in motion to radically change the area in the next few years by building a new residential area on seven artificial islands.

The harbour is made up out of four parts (from east to west): Oude Houthaven (Old Lumber Port), Houthaven, Nieuwe Houthaven (New Lumber Port) and Minervahaven (Minerva Port). This is why the Houthaven is also referred to as the Houthavens (which is the plural).
Gugiuman
The gugiuman is a type of high-crowned cap that was worn by Hospodars of Wallachia and Moldavia and highest ranked boyars of both principalities into the first half of the nineteenth century. Gugiumans were made of sable fur and were exclusively reserved for the two aforementioned groups of nobles. The color of the felt atop of the hat (white for the Prince and red for Great Boyars) indicated the wearer's social status. Following the adoption of the Regulamentul Organic in the early 1830s, ruling princes adopted new, Russian-inspired military uniforms but retained the use of the white-topped gugiuman.

Cap
A cap is a flat headgear. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. The origin of the word "cap" comes from the Old French word "chapeau" which means "head covering". Over time, the word has evolved and changed its meaning, but it still retains its association with headwear. They are popular in casual and informal settings, and are seen in sports and fashion.  They are typically designed for warmth, and often incorporate a visor to block sunlight from the eyes. They come in many shapes, sizes, and are of different brands. Baseball caps are one of the most common types of cap.
Oplurus cyclurus
Oplurus cyclurus, also known commonly as the Madagascar swift and Merrem's Madagascar swift, is a species of lizard in the family Opluridae. The species is endemic to Madagascar. It is arboreal and mostly insectivorous. Its breeding is timed with the rainy season.

Oplurus cuvieri
Oplurus cuvieri, commonly known as the collared iguana, the collared iguanid lizard, Cuvier's Madagascar skink, Cuvier's Madagascar swift, and the Madagascan collared iguana, is a species of arboreal lizard in the family Opluridae. The species is native to Madagascar and the island of Grande Comore, Comoros. There are two recognized subspecies. O. cuvieri is the largest of six species in the genus Oplurus.
Cryptoregiochemistry
Cryptoregiochemistry refers to the site of initial oxidative attack in double bond formation by enzymes such as fatty acid desaturases. This is a mechanistic parameter that is usually determined through the use of kinetic isotope effect experiments, based on the premise that the initial C-H bond cleavage step should be energetically more difficult and therefore more sensitive to isotopic substitution than the second C-H bond breaking step.

Kinetic isotope effect
In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for the reactions involving the light (kL) and the heavy (kH) isotopically substituted reactants (isotopologues): KIE = kL/kH.

This change in reaction rate is a quantum effect that occurs mainly because heavier isotopologues have lower vibrational frequencies than their lighter counterparts. In most cases, this implies a greater energy input needed for heavier isotopologues to reach the transition state (or, in rare cases, dissociation limit), and therefore, a slower reaction rate. The study of KIEs can help elucidate reaction mechanisms, and is occasionally exploited in drug development to improve unfavorable pharmacokinetics by protecting metabolically vulnerable C-H bonds.
Pango Aluquém
Pango Aluquém is a municipality in the province of Bengo, in Angola.

In 2014, it had 7,006 inhabitants. It is bordered to the north by the municipality of Dembos; to the east by the municipalities of Bula Atumba and Gonguembo; to the south by the municipalities of Golungo Alto and Cambambe, and to the west by the municipality of Dande.

The municipality is made up of the headquarters commune, corresponding to the city of Pango Aluquém, and the commune of 7.

Ngonguembo
Gonguembo, also NGonguembo, is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola. The population is 7,576 as of 2014 in an area of 1,400 km2. The municipality consists of the communes Camame, Cavunga and NGonguembo (Quilombo dos Dembos).
Battle of the Bridges of Nasiriyah
The Battle of the Bridges of Nasiriyah refers to various episodes that occurred a few months after the attack of November 12, 2003, in which from April 6 to August 6, 2004, several battles took place between Italian troops and the Mahdi Army; the Italian soldiers were engaged in several clashes in the city, in which over 30,000 bullets were fired, for the control of three bridges that allowed the crossing of the Euphrates.

Centauro (Tank destroyer)
The Centauro is a family of Italian military vehicles originating from a wheeled tank destroyer for light to medium territorial defence and tactical reconnaissance. It was developed by a consortium of manufacturers, the Società Consortile Iveco Fiat - OTO Melara (CIO). Iveco Fiat was tasked with developing the hull and propulsion systems while Oto Melara was responsible for developing the turrets and weapon systems. The Centauro platform has been developed into multiple variants to fulfil other combat roles, such as infantry fighting vehicle or self-propelled howitzer.
Exshaw Formation
The Exshaw Formation is a stratigraphic unit in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from the hamlet of Exshaw, Alberta, in the Canadian Rockies, and was first described from outcrops on the banks of Jura Creek north of Exshaw by P.S. Warren in 1937. The formation is of Late Devonian (late Famennian) to Early Mississippian (middle Tournaisian) age as determined by conodont biostratigraphy, and it straddles the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary.

The Exshaw strata were deposited in a marine setting during the Hangenberg event, an oceanic anoxic event associated with the Late Devonian extinction. The black shales of the Exshaw Formation are rich in organic matter and are one of the most important petroleum source rocks of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) underlies 1.4 million square kilometres (540,000 sq mi) of Western Canada including southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. This vast sedimentary basin consists of a massive wedge of sedimentary rock extending from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. This wedge is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) thick under the Rocky Mountains, but thins to zero at its eastern margins. The WCSB contains one of the world's largest reserves of petroleum and natural gas and supplies much of the North American market, producing more than 450 million cubic metres (16 billion cubic feet) per day of gas in 2000. It also has huge reserves of coal. Of the provinces and territories within the WCSB, Alberta has most of the oil and gas reserves and almost all of the oil sands.
HMS Redbreast (1915)
HMS Redbreast was a passenger/cargo ship requisitioned by the British Government during World War I, and used as a messenger ship and anti-submarine Q-ship. She was torpedoed and sunk by the Imperial German Navy submarine UC-38 in the Aegean Sea on 15 July 1917 while on passage from Skyros to the Doro Channel. Forty-two of her crew were killed.

SM UC-38
SM UC-38 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 20 November 1915 and was launched on 25 June 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 26 October 1916 as SM UC-38. UC 38 was a successful commerce raider, operating throughout her career in the Mediterranean theatre. In nine patrols UC-38 was credited with sinking 43 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. She was sunk in December 1917 in an action off Cape Ducato, Greece, during which she torpedoed the French cruiser Chateaurenault.
Comtoyou Racing
JNVS Sprl, competing as Comtoyou Racing, is a Belgian auto racing team based in Waterloo, Belgium. Upon its creation the team raced in the Fun Cup. The team has also previously raced in the TCR International Series in 2017. Between 2018 and 2023 Comtoyou Racing represented Audi Sport in the World Touring Car Cup. From 2024 on the team will race Aston Martin cars in various GT3 and GT4 championships.

2024 24 Hours of Spa
The 2024 24 Hours of Spa (also known as the CrowdStrike 24 Hours of Spa, and as the Spa Centenary) was the 77th running of the Spa 24 Hours and its centenary anniversary edition. The race took place from 29 to 30 June 2024. The race is part of both the 2024 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup and the 2024 Intercontinental GT Challenge.
Míchel (footballer, born 1985)
Miguel Marcos Madera (born 8 November 1985), commonly known as Míchel, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.

Having been brought through the youth academy of Real Oviedo, he played with the first team of rivals Sporting de Gijón in both the Segunda División and La Liga, before eventually leaving for Premier League club Birmingham City in January 2010.

He spent the second half of 2010–11 on loan at AEK Athens, before returning to Spain for a three-year spell with Getafe. After a year with Maccabi Haifa, he signed for Qarabağ in 2015, with whom he won five consecutive Azerbaijan Premier League titles and two Azerbaijan Cups, as well as playing in UEFA competitions. In 2020, he returned to Spanish football with Segunda División B club Marino Luanco, but retired in mid-season.

2010–11 Greek Football Cup
The 2010–11 Greek Football Cup was the 69th edition of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 67 clubs had been accepted to enter, after the withdrawal of Egaleo, Kalamata and Pyrsos Grevena and their relegation to Delta Ethniki. The competition commenced on 4 September 2010 with the First Round and concluded on 30 April 2011 with the final, held at Olympic Stadium. The final was contested by Atromitos and AEK Athens, with AEK winning 3–0.
Yekaterina Mikhailova-Demina
Ekaterina Illarionovna Mikhailova-Demina (Russian: Екатерина Илларионовна Михайлова-Дёмина; 22 December 1925 – 24 June 2019) was a combat medic of the Soviet Marines during World War II. During the war, she carried hundreds of wounded men to safety, and was seriously wounded herself three times. She was denied higher awards at the end of the war due to the Soviet Union's unequal treatment of women soldiers. In May 1990, President Mikhail Gorbachev awarded her the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II. After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Government applied the term "Great Patriotic War" to the war.
Fulgens and Lucrece
Fulgens and Lucrece is a late 15th-century interlude by Henry Medwall. It is the earliest purely secular English play that survives. Since John Cardinal Morton, for whom Medwall wrote the play, died in 1500, the work must have been written before that date. It was probably first performed at Lambeth Palace in 1497, while Cardinal Morton was entertaining ambassadors from Spain and Flanders. The play is based on a Latin novella by Buonaccorso da Montemagno that had been translated into English by John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester and published in 1481 by William Caxton.
The play was printed in 1512–1516 by John Rastell, and was later only available as a fragment until a copy showed up in an auction of books from Lord Mostyn's collection in 1919. Henry E. Huntington acquired this copy, and arranged the printing of a facsimile. The play is an example of a dramatised débat.

Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".