hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foothill stipplethroat
The foothill stipplethroat (Epinecrophylla spodionota), previously called the foothill antwren,  is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Osbert Salvin
Osbert Salvin FRS (25 February 1835 – 1 June 1898) was an English naturalist, ornithologist, and herpetologist best known for co-authoring Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) with Frederick DuCane Godman. This was a 52-volume encyclopedia on the natural history of Central America.
Nesflaten
Nesflaten is a village in Suldal Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern end of the lake Suldalsvatnet, just west of the smaller village of Roalkvam. Nesflaten lies along the Norwegian National Road 13 which connects it to the village of Suldalsosen to the southwest and to the village of Botnen (in the neighboring Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county). Nesflaten Chapel is located in the village.

The village lies in a valley in the northwestern part of Suldal Municipality. It is surrounded by many mountains to the northwest of the village including Mælen, Trollaskeinuten, Fitjanuten, Vassdalseggi, Kistenuten, and Knoda.

Knoda
Knoda is a mountain in southern Norway. The 1,542-metre (5,059 ft) tall mountain lies on the border of Suldal Municipality (in Rogaland county) and Ullensvang Municipality (in Vestland county). The mountain lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the village of Røldal. The mountains Kistenuten, Vassdalseggi, and Trollaskeinuten all lie to the southeast of Knoda.
Gorenji Radenci
Gorenji Radenci (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾeːnji ɾaˈdeːntsi]; German: Oberradenze) is a settlement on the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

There is a small church in the settlement dedicated to Mary Magdalene. It was built in the 17th century and belongs to the Parish of Stari Trg ob Kolpi.

Stari Trg ob Kolpi
Stari Trg ob Kolpi (pronounced [ˈstaːɾi ˈtəɾk ɔp ˈkoːlpi]; Slovene: Stari trg ob Kolpi, formerly also known as Poljane; German: Altenmarkt) is a settlement above the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Joseph and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto. It is a medieval building that was extensively rebuilt in 1632, when it was converted to a three-aisled building with two side chapels. The main altar dates to the 18th century.
Rangamati Stadium
Rangamati Stadium is football stadium, located by the Hospital Rd, Rangamati, Bangladesh. In 2012, National Sports Council of Bangladesh recommended changing the name of Rangamati stadium to Ching Lah Mong Chowdhury Murruy Rangamati Stadium, to commemorat the late footballer Chinghla Mong Chowdhury Mari. The Stadium has been renamed to Rangamati Chinglah Moung Chowdhury (Mari) Stadium.

Rangamati
Rangamati (Bengali: রাঙামাটি) is a town and the administrative headquarters of Rangamati District in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.  The town is located at 22°37'60N 92°12'0E and has an elevation of 14 metres (46 ft) above sea level.
Epigeal
Epigeal, epigean, epigeic and epigeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity above the soil surface.

In botany, a seed is described as showing epigeal germination when the cotyledons of the germinating seed expand, throw off the seed shell and become photosynthetic above the ground. The opposite kind, where the cotyledons remain non-photosynthetic, inside the seed shell, and below ground, is hypogeal germination.

The terms epigean, epigeic or epigeous are used for organisms that crawl (epigean), creep like a vine (epigeal), or grow (epigeous) on the soil surface: they are also used more generally for animals that neither burrow nor swim nor fly. The opposite terms are hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous.

An epigeal nest is a term used for a termite mound, the above ground nest of a colony of termites.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
Godsville
Godsville is a collaborative studio album by American record producer Showbiz and rapper KRS-One. It was released digitally on February 15, 2011, via D.I.T.C. Records; although the physical release didn't hit stores until May 8, 2011. The recording sessions took place at Headquarterz Studio in New York. The album was produced by Showbiz, with one track produced with Show's Born Lords groupmate E-Blaze. It features guest appearances from Fred the Godson and Jay Nortey.

It is the second album produced by Show excluding his work with Showbiz and A.G. and the 21st album by KRS-One (including his work with Boogie Down Productions). It follows the theme of KRS-One creating an album fully produced by a legendary New York producer, following Hip Hop Lives with Marley Marl and Meta-Historical with True Master.

Hip Hop Lives
Hip Hop Lives is the collaborative studio album by American rapper KRS-One and record producer Marley Marl. It was released on May 22, 2007 via Koch Records. Recording sessions took place at House Of Hits in New York and at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles. Production was handled by Marley Marl himself, except for one track produced with 88 Fingers. It features guest appearances from Blaq Poet, Busy Bee Starski and Magic Juan. The album's title is a response to Nas's 2006 album Hip Hop Is Dead.

The album peaked at No. 140 on the Billboard 200, No. 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, No. 8 on the Top Rap Albums and No. 15 on the Independent Albums in the United States.

A music video was released for promotional single "Hip Hop Lives (I Come Back)".
Itô's lemma
In mathematics, Itô's lemma or Itô's formula (also called the Itô–Doeblin formula) is an identity used in Itô calculus to find the differential of a time-dependent function of a stochastic process. It serves as the stochastic calculus counterpart of the chain rule. It can be heuristically derived by forming the Taylor series expansion of the function up to its second derivatives and retaining terms up to first order in the time increment and second order in the Wiener process increment. The lemma is widely employed in mathematical finance, and its best known application is in the derivation of the Black–Scholes equation for option values.

This result was discovered by Japanese mathematician Kiyoshi Itô in 1951.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
2000 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2000 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held from Friday, 25 February to Sunday, 27 February 2000 in Ghent, Belgium. This edition marked the return of relay races to European Indoor Championships, having been held for the last time in 1975.

European Athletics Indoor Championships
The European Athletics Indoor Championships is a biennial indoor track and field competition for European athletes that is organised by the European Athletic Association. It was held for the first time in 1970, replacing the European Indoor Games, its predecessor event first held in 1966.

The championships was an annual event until 1990, when it was changed to its current biennial format. A gap of three years occurred after the 2002 edition to synchronize the event with the other major championships of international athletics. The event is hosted by a different European city each year.
Electoral history of Charles Tupper
This article is the Electoral history of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada.  A Conservative, he became prime minister upon the resignation of Prime Minister Sir Mackenzie Bowell over the Manitoba Schools Question in 1896.  Tupper was the shortest-serving prime minister, with a term of only 69 days.  He led his party in two general elections (1896, 1900) and lost both, to Sir Wilfrid Laurier

Prior to Confederation in 1867, Tupper was active in Nova Scotia politics, and was Premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, when he was elected to the first House of Commons of Canada.

Cape Breton (federal electoral district)
Cape Breton was a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. It was created as part of the British North America Act, 1867.

The district consisted of the county of Cape Breton and initially returned one member, but returned two members from 1872 until its dissolution. It was abolished when it was redistributed into Cape Breton South and North Cape Breton and Victoria ridings in 1903.
Doctors of Madness
Doctors of Madness were a British protopunk art rock band active as a recording and touring band from 1975 until late 1978. They found cult level acclaim and recognition in the 70s, but had little commercial success. Since then they have come to be regarded as forerunners of the later punk movement.

The Adverts
The Adverts were an English punk rock band formed in 1976 that existed until late 1979. They were one of the first punk bands to achieve mainstream success in the UK; their 1977 single "Gary Gilmore's Eyes" reached No. 18 on the UK singles chart. The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music described bassist and founding member Gaye Advert as the "first female punk star".
England women at the Rugby World Cup
The England women's national rugby union team have played 45 matches at the Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments from 1991 to 2025. They have won three tournaments – 1994, 2014 and 2025. They have also finished as runners-up in six tournaments – 1991, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2017 and 2021. They have been in every final at the tournament except for 1998, where they placed third.

England hosted the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup.

England hosted the 2025 Women's Rugby World Cup, which took place from 22 August 2025 to 27 September 2025.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
ANC–Halfords
ANC–Halfords was a British-based professional team that was created in 1985 but folded in 1987 due to a lack of funds. The team used Peugeot cycles with Campagnolo components. ANC–Halfords was the last British-based team that rode the Tour de France until Barloworld was invited in 2007.

Tour of Britain
The Tour of Britain is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time.

The event dates back to the first British stage races held just after the Second World War. Since then, various different events have been described as the Tour of Britain, including the Milk Race, the Kellogg's Tour of Britain and the PruTour.

The most recent version of the Tour of Britain began in 2004 as part of the UCI Europe Tour. From 2014, the race was rated 2.HC by the UCI. The race became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020.
Elin Pelin dialect
The Elin Pelin dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the eastern part of the Sofia valley in central western Bulgaria. Its immediate neighbours are the Vratsa dialect to the north, the Botevgrad dialect to the east, the Sofia dialect to the west and the Samokov dialect to the south.

Vratsa dialect
The Vratsa dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Vratsa in northwestern Bulgaria. The Vratsa dialect borders on the transitional Belogradchik dialect to the west, the Northwestern Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect to the north and east, the Botevgrad dialect to the southeast and the Sofia dialect to the south.
National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences
National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and established in 1975 at New Delhi as a Society under Delhi Society registration act, to standardizing postgraduate medical education and examination in India.

The postgraduate degree awarded by the National Board of Examinations is called the Diplomate of National Board (DNB) for specialty and Doctorate of National Board (DrNB) for superspecialty. The list of recognised qualifications awarded by the Board in various specialties and super-specialties are approved by the Government of India and are included in the First Schedule of Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. The National Board of Examinations conducts the largest portfolio of examinations in the field of medicine in India

Indian Medical Council Act
The Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 was an Indian legislation that provided for the constitution of the Medical Council of India (MCI). The Act was repealed on 25 September 2020 and the MCI was dissolved on the same date. Prior to its dissolution, the MCI regulated standards of medical education, permission to start colleges, courses or increase the number of seats, registration of doctors, standards of professional conduct of medical practitioners. The MCI was replaced by the Nation Medical Commission.
Canadian National 1009
Canadian National 1009 is a preserved Canadian 4-6-0 "Ten-wheeler" type steam locomotive built by the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in 1912. It was originally built with 1880's specifications as part of a standard locomotive design to help construct a Canadian National Transcontinental Railway (NTR). The locomotive would subsequently serve the Canadian Government Railways, which was later absorbed into the Canadian National Railway. No. 1009's last revenue run took place in the spring of 1958, and it was subsequently donated to the Canadian Railway Museum for static display. Later on, it was purchased by the Salem and Hillsborough Railway with the intention to use it to pull their tourist trains. As of 2026, No. 1009 remains on indoor static display.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Webb Air Force Base
Webb Air Force Base (IATA: BGS), previously named Big Spring Air Force Base, was a United States Air Force facility of the Air Training Command that operated from 1951 to 1977 in West Texas within the current city limits of Big Spring. Webb AFB was a major undergraduate pilot training (UPT) facility for the Air Force, and by 1969, almost 9,000 pilots had been trained at Webb. The last operational wing at Webb AFB was the 78th Flying Training Wing.

Lockheed T-33
The Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star (or T-Bird) is an American subsonic jet trainer. It was produced by Lockheed and made its first flight in 1948. The T-33 was developed from the Lockheed P-80/F-80 starting as TP-80C/TF-80C in development, then designated T-33A.  It was used by the U.S. Navy initially as TO-2, then TV-2, and after 1962, T-33B. The last operator of the T-33, the Bolivian Air Force, retired the type in July 2017, after 44 years of service.
Anti-Aircraft Command
Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom.

No. 12 Group RAF
No. 12 Group RAF (12 Gp) of the Royal Air Force was a group, a military formation, that existed over two separate periods, namely the end of the First World War when it had a training function and from just prior to the Second World War until the early 1960s when it was tasked with an air defence role.
William K. Brehm
William K. Brehm (March 29, 1929 – July 30, 2025) was an American businessman who served as Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from 1968 to 1970, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs from 1973 to 1976, and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs from 1976 to 1977.

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs
The assistant secretary of defense for legislative affairs, or ASD(LA), is responsible for providing support to the secretary of defense (SecDef) in his/her dealings with the United States Congress. In addition to serving as SecDef's legislative adviser, the ASD(LA) promotes the Department of Defense's strategy, legislative priorities, policies, and budget before Congress. In carrying out these responsibilities, the ASD(LA) directs a team of managers, action officers, and support personnel who help direct, monitor and manage communications and activities between Congress and elements of the Department of Defense. The ASD(LA) is considered a part of the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
Idmoneidae
Idmoneidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Cyclostomatida.

Genera:

Castellia Viskova, 2004

Idemona Viskova, 2004

Idemonea Viskova, 2004

Idmonea Lamouroux, 1821

Lagonoecia Canu & Bassler, 1920

Cyclostomatida
Cyclostomatida, or cyclostomata (also known as cyclostomes), are an ancient order of stenolaemate bryozoans which first appeared in the Lower Ordovician.  It consists of 7+ suborders, 59+ families, 373+ genera, and 666+ species. The cyclostome bryozoans were dominant in the Mesozoic; since that era, they have decreased. Currently, cyclostomes seldom constitute more than 20% of the species recorded in regional bryozoan faunas.
Cameraria caryaefoliella
Cameraria caryaefoliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario and Quebec in Canada, and the United States (including Georgia, Illinois, Florida, Kentucky, New York, Texas, Vermont, Wisconsin, Connecticut and Pennsylvania).

The wingspan is 6–7 mm. There are three generations per year.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Le Médecin volant
Le Médecin volant (The Flying Doctor) is a French play by Molière, The date of its actual premiere is unknown, but its Paris premiere took place on 18 April 1659. Parts of the play were later reproduced in L'Amour médecin, and Le Médecin malgré lui. It is composed of 15 scenes and has seven characters largely based on stock commedia dell'arte roles.

Innamorati
Innamorati (Italian: [ʎ innamoˈraːti]; lit. 'lovers') were stock characters within the theatre style known as commedia dell'arte, who appeared in 16th-century Italy. In the plays, everything revolved around the lovers in some regard.  These dramatic and posh characters were present within commedia plays for the sole purpose of being in love with one another, and moreover, with themselves. These characters move elegantly and smoothly, and their young faces are unmasked unlike other commedia dell'arte characters. Despite facing many obstacles, the lovers were always united by the end.
And That's Not All...
And That's Not All... is a Bananarama videos compilation from 1984, which features the music videos that were to the singles from the Deep Sea Skiving and Bananarama albums. The video also featured two additional tracks,  "The Wild Life", a US-only non-album single, and the Bananarama album track "State I'm In", which was slated for a single release but was later cancelled.  The video also featured snippets and behind the scenes footage of the girls.

Bananarama (album)
Bananarama is the second studio album by the English pop group Bananarama, released on 20 April 1984 by London Records. It peaked at number 16 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
Concept F 450 GS
The BMW Concept F 450 GS is a prototype dual-sport motorcycle developed by BMW Motorrad. It was unveiled in November 2024 at the EICMA motorcycle show in Milan, Italy, previewing the production F 450 GS that followed one year later.

Dual-sport motorcycle
A dual-sport motorcycle  is a type of motorcycle that is designed for varying degrees of off-road use while still being street-legal.  Dual-sports are equipped with lights, a speedometer, mirrors, a horn, registration plates, turn signals, and a muffler with spark arrestor and decibel noise output to comply with government regulations. They vary considerably in engine size and weight, though they are typically 510cc or smaller. They are often versions of off-road bikes that have been made legal for street driving.

Other names such as all-road, on/off-road, dual-purpose, and adventure bike may be chosen by the manufacturer based upon the size, weight, and intended application of the motorcycle. Typically the dual sport category weighs less than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable off-road, while adventure bikes are more than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable on the pavement.
Tapellaria isidiata
Tapellaria isidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. Described as a new species in 2021, it was discovered growing on tree bark on a beach in Cameroon and is distinctive for being the first species in its genus to produce isidia, small cone-shaped structures used for vegetative reproduction. The lichen forms a thin, glossy, greyish crust with a distinctive black border and produces large fruiting bodies containing unusually large ascospores.

Ectolechiaceae
The Ectolechiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. The family was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1905, originally for a group of tropical, leaf-dwelling lichens. Its scope has since expanded considerably, and the family now encompasses both tropical genera such as Byssoloma and Calopadia and the large, predominantly temperate-to-arctic genus Micarea. As of 2026, the family contains more than 30 genera and an estimated 470 species.