hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Remdovsky Zakaznik
Remdovsky Zakaznik (Russian: Ремдовский заказник) is a federal zakaznik, a nature protected area, in the northwest of Russia, located in Gdovsky and Pskovsky Districts of Pskov Oblast, north of the city of Pskov. It was established in 1985 to protect flora and fauna (in particular, rare species) of the lowlands adjacent to Lake Peipus.

The name of the zakaznik originates from the Remda River, a left tributary of the Zhelcha River, which flows in the zakaznik.

Zakaznik
A zakaznik is a type of protected area in former Soviet republics such as Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, that meets World Conservation Union's (IUCN) category IV, or more frequently category VI criteria.

Many zakazniks have traditionally been managed as game reserves. Some protect complex ecosystems, colonies of birds, or populations of rare plants. They range in size from 0.5 ha to 6,000,000 ha. In other words, a zakaznik is a nature reserve.

Zakazniks are the areas where temporary or permanent limitations are placed upon certain on-site economic activities, such as logging, mining, grazing, hunting, etc. They correspond to sanctuary in UNESCO World Heritage terminology and literally mean preserves or reserve (from the Russian zakaz — order, reserve).
Nor'Wester Mountains
The Nor'Wester Mountains are a group of mountains immediately south of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, located on the southern limits of the City of Thunder Bay and south of the Kaministiquia River.: 32, 33  Mount McKay is the highest, most northern and best known of these mountains. Other prominent peaks include Godfrey, Hurlburt, Johnson, Matchett, McRae, McQuaig, Rose, and Squaretop.

Loch Lomond, 287 m (942 ft) above sea level, collects most of the runoff within the Nor’Wester Mountains; Loch Lomond is drained by the Lomond River.: 5  A few square kilometers of mountain slope south of Mount McKay are drained by Whiskeyjack Creek.: 5

Kaministiquia River
The Kaministiquia River (/ˌkæmɪˈnɪstɪkwɑː/) is a river which flows into western Lake Superior at the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Kaministiquia (Gaa-ministigweyaa) is an Ojibwe word meaning "where a stream flows in island" due to two large islands (McKellar and Mission) at the mouth of the river. The delta has three branches or outlets, reflected on early North American maps in French as "les trois rivières" (the three rivers): the southernmost is known as the Mission River, the central branch as the McKellar River, and the northernmost branch as the Kaministiquia. Residents of the region commonly refer to the river as the Kam River.

Water flow in the Kaministiquia River system is regulated at the Dog Lake dams 1 and 2 and at the  Greenwater,
Kashabowie and Shebandowan dams. Two generating stations, one at Kakabeka Falls (25 MW) and another at Silver Falls (48 MW), are operated by Ontario Power Generation (OPG), a public company wholly owned by Government of Ontario.
Ingalls Memorial Hospital
Ingalls Memorial Hospital is a general medical and surgical hospital located in Harvey, Illinois, a south suburb of Chicago, Illinois. Ingalls is a secular establishment. In 2016, Ingalls completed a merger with the University of Chicago Medicine. Ingalls retains its own board and president but its corporate parent is now UChicago Medicine. Ingalls Memorial Hospital is now known as UChicago Medicine Ingalls Memorial.

Harvey, Illinois
Harvey is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 20,324 at the 2020 census.

Harvey is bordered by the villages of Dixmoor and Riverdale to the north; Dolton, Phoenix, and South Holland to the east; East Hazel Crest to the south; and Hazel Crest, Markham and Posen to the west.
Rajko Ljubič
Rajko Ljubić is a Serbian film director from Subotica.

He mostly makes documentaries and short movies that deal with the life of the Bunjevci and Šokci Slavic groups from Bačka.

He has the donated many of his works to the Katolički institut za kulturu, povijest i duhovnost Ivan Antunović (Catholic Institute for the Culture, History and Spirituality Ivan Antunović).

Šokci
Šokci (Serbo-Croatian: Šokci / Шокци, pronounced [ʃǒkt͡si], SHOCK-tsee; singular masculine: Šokac / Шокац, feminine: Šokica / Шокица; Hungarian: Sokácok) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to historical regions of Baranya, Bačka, Slavonia, and Syrmia. These regions today span eastern Croatia, southwestern Hungary, and northern Serbia. They primarily self-identify as a subgroup of Croats and therefore they are not considered a separate ethnicity in Croatia and elsewhere.
Pseudagrion nubicum
Pseudagrion nubicum, also known as the Bluetail Sprite, is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Burundi. Its natural habitats are swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
War of the Katzenelnbogen Succession
Within the Holy Roman Empire, the War of the Katzenelnbogen Succession (German: Katzenelnbogener Erbfolgekrieg; Dutch: Katzenelnbogische Successieoorlog) or the Katzenelnbogen Succession Struggle (German: Katzenelnbogener Erbfolgestreit, Katzenelnbogische Erbfolgestreit; Dutch: Katzenelnbogische Erfopvolgingsstrijd) (1500–1557) was a war of succession about the County of Katzenelnbogen after the death of William II "the Younger", Landgrave of Hesse. In the end, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse won the conflict. William I "the Rich", Count of Nassau-Siegen, known for being the father of William the Silent and Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (progenitors of the current House of Orange-Nassau), lost the war and got himself into deep financial troubles.

Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743.  From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into  Catholic and  Protestant parts.   Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf.
Barakoni
Barakoni Church of the Mother of God (Georgian: ბარაკონის ღვთისმშობლის ტაძარი), commonly known as Barakoni (ბარაკონი), is an Orthodox church in Georgia, near the town of Ambrolauri, in the village of Tsesi of mountainous western province of Racha (modern-day Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti).

Barakoni was commissioned, in 1753, by the local lord (eristavi) Rostom of Racha (1750-1769) from the architect Avtandil Shulavreli who is commemorated in the inscription of the eastern façade. It is a domed cruciform church and one of the last important monuments in the tradition of medieval Georgian architecture. The church was built of neatly trimmed stable stand stones and adorned with rich ornamentation. The church was closed and desecrated under the Bolshevik rule. It suffered further damage, though not serious, in the 1991 Racha earthquake, but was quickly repaired. Located on a top of a steep cliff, it overlooks Rioni River which is joined the Lukhuni River just below the mountain.

1991 Racha earthquake
The 1991 Racha earthquake occurred in the province of Racha, Georgia, at 9:12 UTC on 29 April. Centered on the districts of Oni and Ambrolauri on the southern foothills of the Greater Caucasus mountains, it killed 270, left approximately 100,000 homeless and caused severe damage, including to several medieval monuments. It had a magnitude of 7.0 and was the most powerful earthquake recorded in the Caucasus.
Camp Point, Illinois
Camp Point is a village in Adams County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,121 at the 2020 census, down from 1,132 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Åkerberg
Åkerberg is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Peter Åkerberg (born 1960), Swedish fencer

Thomas Åkerberg (born 1959), Swedish fencer

Ulrika Åkerberg (born 1941), Swedish curler

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Apprenticeships and Skills
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Apprenticeships and Skills (also known as Apprenticeships and Skills Minister) is a junior ministerial position in the Department for Education in the British government. It was held by Alex Burghart MP, who took office on 17 September 2021, until his resignation on 6 July 2022.

Department for Education
The Department for Education (DfE) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for child protection, child services, education (compulsory, further, and higher education), apprenticeships, and wider skills in England.

A Department for Education previously existed between 1992, when the Department of Education and Science was renamed, and 1995, when it was merged with the Department for Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment.

The current holder of Secretary of State for Education is the Rt Hon Bridget Phillipson MP and Susan Acland-Hood is the permanent secretary.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Education are scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.
Zee Bharat
Zee Bharat is an Indian Hindi-language television news channel, owned by Zee Media. It was first launched as Zee News Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in 2006 and in 2013, it was rebranded as Zee Sangam. In 2016, the channel was again rebranded as  India 24×7, and in 2017 as Zee Hindustan, under the leadership of the then-CEO of Zee Media's regional news division, Jagdish Chandra.

It had been launched as part of the Essel Group's efforts to establish a 'nationalist' news channel, in 2017. In 2018, the Essel Group announced that the channel would be 'anchor-less' and would present news without news anchors or news readers. The channel has faced frequent criticism and criminal complaints for sharing incorrect or misleading news.

Zee Media Corporation
Zee Media Corporation Limited (abbreviated as ZMCL; formerly Zee News Limited) is an Indian mass media and news broadcasting company based in Mumbai. The company is engaged mainly in the business of broadcasting news and current affairs, and regional entertainment up-linked from India via satellite television channels.
Christmas tree packet
In information technology, a Christmas tree packet (also known as a kamikaze packet, nastygram, or lamp test segment) is a network message segment or packet with every option enabled for the particular network protocol in use.

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
Queensland Railways steel carriage stock
The Queensland Railways ordered two different types of steel bodied air-conditioned carriage stock, both built by Commonwealth Engineering at their Rocklea plant. Over the years these carriages have been used on many different long distance Queensland Rail services.

All Queensland Rail Travel (formerly "Traveltrain") services are now operated only with L Series carriages.

Queensland Pioneer Steam Railway
The Queensland Pioneer Steam Railway is located near Ipswich, Queensland, Australia and runs through the former West Moreton pioneering coal fields. It was first opened in 1881 by colliery proprietor and politician Lewis Thomas (1832–1913) as a tramway to his coal mines.

The right-of way was later taken over by Queensland Railways and extended to take in over 20 mines before reaching to its present terminus at Swanbank Loop where it served the Swanbank Power Stations. The branch remains the oldest continuously operating branchline in Queensland. Since 1978, Queensland Pioneer Steam Railway has operated passenger trains on this branch line using heritage rollingstock.
Livingston Open
The Livingston Open is a defunct, Grand Prix tennis affiliated men's tennis tournament. It was founded in 1984 as the North American Open  and ran to 1989, in Livingston, New Jersey, United States and was played on outdoor hard courts at Newark Academy.

American Brad Gilbert won the singles title on three occasions, while fellow countryman Johan Kriek won it twice and Andre Agassi won it once.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Iron(II) fluoride
Iron(II) fluoride or ferrous fluoride is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula FeF2.  It forms a tetrahydrate FeF2·4H2O that is often referred to by the same names.  The anhydrous and hydrated forms are white crystalline solids.

Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive. A common concentration is 49% (48–52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature. It is used to make most organofluorine compounds; examples include the commonly used pharmaceutical antidepressant medication fluoxetine (Prozac) and the  material polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Elemental fluorine is produced from it. It is commonly used to etch glass and silicon wafers.
Public Interest Legal Foundation
The Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) is an American conservative legal group based in Alexandria, Virginia, which is known for suing states and local governments to purge voters from election rolls. The nonprofit was constituted in 2012.

PILF asserts that "large numbers of ineligible aliens are registering to vote and casting ballots", although lists that they have displayed of such supposed voters prove to actually include American natives who are eligible voters. PILF said its lists had been based on state government lists of declared "non-citizens" removed from local voter rolls, but some U.S. citizens were wrongfully purged in the process. The group has made false claims about the extent of voter fraud in the United States, and the organization has published the information of eligible voters online, including Social Security numbers, falsely accusing them of being fraudulent voters.

ProPublica
ProPublica, Inc. (/proʊˈpʌblɪkə/), is a nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in New York City. ProPublica's investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or broadcast. In some cases, reporters from both ProPublica and its partners work together on a story. ProPublica has partnered with more than 90 different news organizations and has won several Pulitzer Prizes.

In 2010, ProPublica became the first online news source to win a Pulitzer Prize; the story chronicled the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital's exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina, and it was published both in the New York Times Magazine and on ProPublica's website.
2025 Prague Open – Singles
Marie Bouzková defeated Linda Nosková in the final, 2–6, 6–1, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Prague Open. It was her second career WTA Tour singles title, and her second title at the tournament, after 2022.

Magda Linette was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in Washington instead.

Eight Czech players reached the round of 16, a record for a WTA Tour event.

2022 Prague Open – Singles
Marie Bouzková defeated Anastasia Potapova in the final, 6–0, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Prague Open. It was her maiden WTA Tour title.

Barbora Krejčíková was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Nao Hibino.
Outline of Armenia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Armenia:

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.

Administrative divisions of Armenia
Armenia is subdivided into eleven administrative divisions. Of these, ten are provinces, known as marzer (մարզեր) or in the singular form marz (մարզ) in Armenian.

Yerevan is treated separately and granted special administrative status as the country's capital.  The chief executive in each of 10 marzes is the marzpet, appointed by the government of Armenia. In Yerevan, the chief executive is the mayor, elected by the Yerevan City Council.
Scotland at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Scotland at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (abbreviated SCO) was the fifth time that the nation had participated at the Games following the appearances in 1930, 1934, 1938 and 1950.

The Games were held in Vancouver, Canada, from 30 July to 7 August 1954. Scotland came sixth overall with six gold, two silver and five bronze medals.

£8,000 was raised in order to send a team.

Aquatics at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Aquatics at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games made its fifth appearance at the Commonwealth Games, with both Swimming at the Commonwealth Games and Diving at the Commonwealth Games being included again. Water Polo at the Commonwealth Games was dropped from the schedule and would not return until 2002.

There were four diving events and 13 swimming events contested.

The choice of swimming venue suffered from budgeting issues and a bid by Los Angeles-based Paddock Inc. came in at $140,000 less than the Beaver Construction's tender of $440,719. There were suggestions to rebuild the 1928 Nicola Street Crystal Pool before the Games committee decided that the University of British Columbia (UBC) would benefit from a new $300,000 open air pool.

The pool was constructed on UBC's West Point Grey campus.

Australia topped the medal table with seven gold medals.
2025 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2025.

The year marks the bicentenary of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, considered to be the first operational passenger railway. Several events in the United Kingdom were held to celebrate the bicentenary as part of the Railway 200 program.

Mashhad Urban Railway
Mashhad Urban Railway (Persian: قطار شهری مشهد, the literal translation of the name from Persian) is a rapid transit system in Mashhad, Iran. It is the second oldest rapid transit system in Iran. The system has been known by a number of terms, including "light rail" or "light metro" and "urban rail" or "metro", but while its lines are built to different standards the system features full-grade separation and the frequent headways generally associated with rapid transit. The Mashhad Urban Railway operates Line 1 from 6 to 22:00 daily.

As of 2025, the system operates 3 lines; Line 1, inaugurated in 2011, is an east-west light rail line connecting to the airport. Line 2, inaugurated in 2017, is a heavy rail route along the city's north-south axis. Line 3, in partial operation since 2025, is also built to heavy rail standards and serves the central area around Imam Reza shrine.
Rheoheros coeruleus
Rheoheros coeruleus is a species of cichlid fish endemic to the Atlantic‑slope drainages of Chiapas, Mexico and adjacent Guatemala. It is a rheophilic member of the tribe Heroini and one of two currently recognized species in the genus Rheoheros. The species was originally described as Theraps coeruleus by Ranier Stawikowski and Uwe Werner in 1987, based on material from fast‑flowing tributaries of the Río Grijalva–Usumacinta system.

Theraps
Theraps is a genus of cichlid fish that includes only a single species, the Arroya cichlid (Theraps irregularis) from fast-flowing rivers and streams in the Usumacinta and Polochic basins of southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is a medium-sized cichlid, up to 19 cm (7.5 in) in standard length.