hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spatial–temporal reasoning
Spatial–temporal reasoning is an area of artificial intelligence that draws from the fields of computer science, cognitive science, and cognitive psychology. The theoretic goal—on the cognitive side—involves representing and reasoning spatial-temporal knowledge in mind. The applied goal—on the computing side—involves developing high-level control systems of automata for navigating and understanding time and space.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Sanam Pasha
Sanam Pasha (Persian: صنم پاشا) (born in 1978, Tehran) is an Iranian songwriter, vocalist and vocal coach in rock and metal music. As a child, she learned Persian folk music and later went on to learn classical piano, vocals, and solfeggio. She also has an online Masters's certificate in Songwriting and Vocals from the Berklee College of Music. She founded Sanam Pasha, an all-female rock band, in 2012.

Vocal coach
A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a "voice teacher"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation.
Nourdine Bourhane
Nourdine Bourhane (born in 1950 in Mamoudzou, Mayotte) is a politician from the Comoros and one of the Vice Presidents of the Comoros from May 2011 to May 2016. Previously, Bourhane served as prime minister of Comoros from December 1997 to May 1998.

He has also served as minister of several cabinet departments between 1990 and 1998, including health, posts and telecommunications, youth and sports, economy and planning.

Vice-President of the Comoros
The vice-president of the Comoros was a political position in the Comoros. Vice-presidents are appointed by the president. From 2002 to 2011, the presidency and the positions of the two vice-presidents were rotated between the three Comoro Islands – Grande Comore, Anjouan and Mohéli. From 2011 to 2019, there were three vice-presidents, one from each of the islands in the Union of the Comoros. The positions of vice-presidents were abolished as part of the implementation of constitutional referendum held in 2018 in May 2019, instead designating a "main minister" and the governors of the islands as successors to become acting president.
Irish Traditional Music Archive
The Irish Traditional Music Archive (or ITMA; Irish: Taisce Cheol Dúchais Éireann), operating as a charity, is a "national reference archive and resource centre for the traditional song, instrumental music and dance of Ireland". Focusing on Irish traditional music, Irish dance and their history, the archive covers the performance traditions of the island of Ireland, within the Irish diaspora, and other performers of Irish traditional music globally.

The archive, described by some sources as the "largest collection of its kind in the world", contains thousands of sound recordings, as well as books and serials, photographs, sheet music, DVDs, posters and catalogues. Founded with the Breandán Breathnach Collection, the collection has been expanded through donations by radio, television, libraries and private collectors.

Founded in 1987, the archive has been housed in a Georgian house in central Dublin since 2006.

Breandán Breathnach
Breandán Breathnach (1 April 1912 – 6 November 1985) was an Irish music collector and uilleann piper. In addition to collecting Irish music, he is known for his Ceol Rince na hÉireann (Dance Music of Ireland) series.
Radio-controlled glider
A radio-controlled glider is a type of radio-controlled aircraft that normally does not have any form of propulsion. They are able to sustain continuous flight by exploiting the lift produced by slopes and thermals, controlled remotely from the ground with a transmitter. They can be constructed from a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, polymer foams, and composites, and can vary in wing loading from very light to relatively heavy, depending on their intended use.

International radio-controlled glider competitions are regulated by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) although many countries have their own national classes.

Wing loading
In aerodynamics, wing loading is the total weight of an aircraft or flying animal divided by the area of its wing. The stalling speed, takeoff speed and landing speed of an aircraft are partly determined by its wing loading.

The faster an aircraft flies, the more its lift is changed by a change in angle of attack, so a smaller wing is less adversely affected by vertical gusts. Consequently, faster aircraft generally have higher wing loadings than slower aircraft in order to avoid excessive response to vertical gusts.

A higher wing loading also decreases maneuverability. The same constraints apply to winged biological organisms.
Joseph Dunbar (politician)
Joseph Dunbar (c. 1782–July 15, 1846), sometimes Col. Jo. Dunbar, was a politician, plantation owner, and racehorse owner of the Natchez District in Mississippi, United States. He associated with the Jacksonian Democratic Party in the state. Said to be a "heavy planter" of cotton, he invented the notion of wrapping cotton in iron bands instead of hemp bagging, in part to stick it to Kentucky and South Carolina on tariff issues; cotton grown by his slaves on his land was said to bring high prices from cotton traders selling to the mills of Liverpool, England. At the time of his death he was described by a newspaper of the state capital as "one of the fathers of the State."

Washington, Mississippi
Washington is an unincorporated community in Adams County, Mississippi, United States. Located along the lower Mississippi, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Natchez, it was the second and longest-serving capital of the Mississippi Territory.
Stevens Street Historic District
The Stevens Street Historic District is a 175 acres (71 ha) historic district in Thomasville, Georgia.  It is located one block northwest of Thomas County Courthouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.  It was noted to be "an intact African-American neighborhood that developed in Thomasville, Thomas County following the end of the Civil War."  It then included 341 contributing buildings and three contributing structures, as well as 83 non-contributing structures.

Especially significant buildings include the Clay Street YMCA and the Recreation Center at 404 West Calhoun Street.

Thomas County Courthouse (Georgia)
The Thomas County Courthouse is an historic government building built in 1858 and located on North Broad Street in Thomasville, Georgia, the seat of Thomas County.  It was designed by architect John Wind.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 22, 1970.

It is also a contributing building in the NRHP-listed Thomasville Commercial Historic District.
Curro Torres
Cristóbal Emilio "Curro" Torres Ruiz (born 27 December 1976) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right-back. He is currently manager of Primera Federación club Real Murcia CF.

In his career, whose later years were blighted by several injuries, he represented mainly Valencia, helping the team to two La Liga championships (playing 119 matches at that level over eight seasons and scoring once) and the 2004 UEFA Cup. He appeared for Spain at the 2002 World Cup.

Torres started working as a manager in 2014, spending three years at Valencia B. He also led three teams in the Segunda División and worked in the top leagues of Croatia and Estonia.

2023–24 Estonian Cup
The 2023–24 Estonian Cup was the 34th season of the main domestic football knockout tournament in Estonia. The winners qualified for the 2024–25 UEFA Conference League first qualifying round.

FCI Levadia won the cup on 25 May 2024 (their eleventh Estonian Cup win), defeating Paide Linnameeskond 4–2 in the final. Since they qualified for the Conference League based on league position, the spot for winning the cup was passed to the fourth-placed team of the 2023 Meistriliiga.
EcoPark (Hong Kong)
EcoPark (Chinese: 環保園) located in Tuen Mun Area 38, on west side of Hong Kong, is similar to an industrial park exclusively for waste recycling and environmental engineering.  This is the first of its kind in Hong Kong.

Tuen Mun
Tuen Mun (Chinese: 屯門) or Castle Peak is an area near the mouth of Tuen Mun River and Castle Peak Bay in the west of New Territories, Hong Kong. It was one of the earliest settlements in what is now Hong Kong and can be dated to the Neolithic period. In the more recent past, it was home to many Tanka fishermen who gathered at Castle Peak Bay. Tuen Mun is now a modern, mainly residential area in the north-west New Territories. As of 2025, around 540,000 residents live in Tuen Mun.
Malayali Brahmin
Malayali Brahmins (Malayalam: മലയാളി ബ്രാഹ്മണർ, malayāḷi brāhmaṇar; also known as Malayala Brahmanar) or Kerala Brahmins are the group of Brahmins from the Indian state of Kerala. The proper Malayali Brahmin castes are the Nambudiri, and the Potti.

Pushpaka Brahmin, Nambeeshan, Nambidi, Chakyar, Nambiar, Ilyathu, etc., are other semi-Brahmin castes, which are part of the Ambalavasi community. They are not directly involved in priestly duties but rather engaged in non-priestly temple activities.

Like ambalavasis, a higher section of Nairs which includes Pillais, Kurup and Menon comes under semi-brahmin class mostly engaged in Kshatriya functions, administrative duties and control over temples, who have similar rights of Ambalavasi community.

Nambiar (Ambalavasi caste)
The Nambiar (also written as Nambyar) is a Hindu Ambalavasi caste of Kerala, India.  
Ambalavasi Nambiars wear sacred thread like Brahmins and is traditionally considered as a different caste to Nairs including same name bearing Nair-Nambiar caste. Ambalavasi Nambiar ladies known as Nangyar.

A section of Nambiars play Mizhavu in temples. Mizhavu is treated as a "Brahmachaarya" and it is considered as sacred. It is used to accompany the holy ritualistic temple performance of Koodiyattam and Koothu. Only Ambalavasi Nambiar community members are allowed to play it inside temples.
Agnus Dei (Barber)
Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) is a choral composition in one movement by Samuel Barber, his own arrangement of his Adagio for Strings (1936). In 1967, he set the Latin words of the liturgical Agnus Dei, a part of the Mass, for mixed chorus with optional organ or piano accompaniment. The music, in B-flat minor, has a duration of about eight minutes.

Agnus Dei
Agnus Dei ('Lamb of God') is the Latin name under which Jesus is honoured within Christian liturgies descending from the historic Latin liturgical tradition, including those of Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism. It is the name given to a specific prayer that occurs in these liturgies, and is the name given to the music pieces that accompany the text of this prayer.

The use of the title "Lamb of God" in liturgy is based on John 1:29, in which John the Baptist, upon seeing Jesus, proclaims "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!"
Petrosimonia
Petrosimonia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It is also in the Salsoloideae tribe.

It is native to Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania  (in southeastern Europe), Central European Russia, Crimea South European Russia and Ukraine, (Eastern Europe), Altay, Irkutsk, Tuva and West Siberia, (in Siberia), North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, (in the Caucasus),

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (in Central Asia) and Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon, Mongolia, Syria and Turkey, (in Western Asia) and also Xinjiang in China.

The genus name of Petrosimonia is in honour of Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), a Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia (1767–1810). 
It was first described and published in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, Vol.4 (Issue 11) on page 52 in 1862.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
CJDM-FM
CJDM-FM (92.1 MHz) is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Drummondville, Quebec. The station has a contemporary hit radio (Top 40) format and is part of the "O" network. It is owned and operated by Arsenal Media, and broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 3,000 watts (class A) using an omnidirectional antenna.

Drummondville
Drummondville (Canadian French: [dʁɔmɔndvil] ⓘ) is a city in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, located east of Montreal on the Saint-François River. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 79,258. The mayor of Drummondville is Jean-François Houle.

Drummondville is the seat of Drummond Regional County Municipality, and of the judicial district of Drummond.
Eastland Shopping Centre
Eastland Shopping Centre is a large, indoor shopping centre complex located in the eastern Melbourne suburb of Ringwood, Victoria, Australia. The fourth-largest shopping centre in Australia, it first opened on 31 October 1967 and has since grown to host over 340 retail stores and services.

It is adjacent to Maroondah Highway, Ringwood railway station and a major bus interchange. The centre features two main levels of shops, with a third level containing a Hoyts 12-screen cinema complex and restaurants, forming a total of approximately 530 stores. Eastland also contains a library, 120 room hotel and large outdoor dining precinct. It is the largest shopping centre in the City of Maroondah.

Rebel (company)
Rebel (formerly Rebel Sport), stylised as rebɘl, is an Australian sport equipment and related apparel chain. It is a subsidiary of Super Retail Group. The company has 159 stores across Australia and over 6,000 employees.
Alafia River Reserve
The Alafia River Reserve is a recreation area and water conservation area managed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District in Mulberry, Florida, Polk County, Florida. It covers 334 acres (1.35 km2) and is located at 4872 Indian Oak Drive in Mulberry, Florida. It was created to preserve wetlands and includes hiking trails and a picnic area.

Southwest Florida Water Management District
The Southwest Florida Water Management District (or SWFWMD, pronounced as "swiftmud" based on the word acronym) is one of five regional agencies directed by Florida state law to protect and preserve water resources. Established in 1961, the agency operates and maintains several large properties and flood protection projects, sometimes with other agencies. The District's responsibilities have expanded to include managing water supply and protecting water quality and the natural systems — rivers, lakes, wetlands, and associated uplands. The district's stated mission is to protect water resources, minimize flood risks, and ensure the public's water needs are met.
2015 Senior League World Series
The 2015 Senior League World Series took place from August 2–8 in Bangor, Maine, United States. Houston, Texas defeated Holmes County, Ohio in the championship game. It was the second straight title for Houston's West University Little League.

A modified double-elimination format was introduced this year.

Senior League World Series
The Senior League World Series is a baseball tournament for adolescents aged 13 to 16 years old that began in 1961. In 2017, the tournament was moved from Bangor, Maine to Easley, South Carolina. (Easley was the site of the Big League World Series from 2001 to 2016. The Big League division was discontinued after the 2016 Big League World Series.) It is patterned after the Little League World Series, which was named for the World Series in Major League Baseball since 2002.

The Senior League World Series is one of seven tournaments sponsored by Little League International. Each of them brings baseball or softball teams from around the world together in one of four age divisions. The tournament structure for each division's World Series is similar to that used for the Little League Baseball World Series.
2010 Africa Cup of Nations Group C
Group C was one of four groups of national teams competing at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. The group's first round of matches began on 12 January and its last matches were played on 20 January. Most matches were played at the Complexo da Sr. da Graça in Benguela and featured the defending champions Egypt, joined by Nigeria, Benin, and  Mozambique.

2010 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial football championship of Africa (CAF). It was held in Angola, from 10 January to 31 January 2010.

In the tournament, the hosts Angola were to be joined by 15 nations who advanced from the qualification process that began in October 2007 and involved 53 African national teams. The withdrawal of Togo two days before the tournament began, after a terrorist attack on their bus upon arriving in Angola, reduced the number of participating nations to 15. A total of 29 games were played, instead of the scheduled 32 because of the reduced teams. Egypt won the tournament, their seventh ACN title and an unprecedented third in a row, beating Ghana 1–0 in the final.
Modelica
Modelica is an object-oriented, declarative, multi-domain modeling language for component-oriented modeling of complex systems, e.g., systems containing mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic, thermal, control, electric power or process-oriented subcomponents.
The free Modelica language
is developed by the non-profit Modelica Association. The Modelica Association also develops the free Modelica Standard Library that contains about 1400 generic model components and 1200 functions in various domains, as of version 4.0.0.

Component-based software engineering
Component-based software engineering (CBSE), also called component-based development (CBD), is a style of software engineering that aims to construct a software system from components that are loosely coupled and reusable. This emphasizes the separation of concerns among components.

To find the right level of component granularity, software architects have to continuously iterate their component designs with developers. Architects need to take into account user requirements, responsibilities, and architectural characteristics.
North Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington
North Tacoma (also called the North End) is a neighborhood in Tacoma, Washington, in the United States. The area is most known for waterfront parks and restaurants, Point Defiance Park, the University of Puget Sound, Stadium High School, and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge.

Ruston, Washington
Ruston is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,055 at the 2020 census.

Although it is nearly indistinguishable from the adjacent city of Tacoma, the predominantly residential area still retains its status as a separate municipality long after it ceased to be a company town. The local government opted to reclassify Ruston as a city in late 2012.
Electoral district of Paterson
The Patterson was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880. It was named after the Paterson River, which was named after Colonel William Paterson. The river flows from Barrington Tops to the Hunter River at Morpeth. The district was created in 1858 replacing part of the 3 member district of Durham and comprised the midland and northern parts of the County of Durham. In 1880 it was replaced by Durham.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
1846 Grand National
The 1846 Grand Liverpool Steeplechase, later to become known as the Grand National Steeplechase, was the eighth official annual running of a handicap steeplechase. It took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool on 4 March 1846 and attracted a then-record field of 22 entrants. It was won by the unconsidered outsider Pioneer.

Veluti, ridden by Jem Mason, a rider who had previously won the race in 1839 was sent off as the 11/2 favourite to win while the top weight of 12 stone 8 lbs was given to Firefly, the mount of Larry Byrne.

1839 Grand National
The 1839 Grand Liverpool Steeplechase was the first official annual running of a steeplechase which later became known as the Grand National.

It was held at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on Tuesday 26 February 1839 and attracted a field of 17 runners.

Although recorded by the press at the time as the fourth running of the Grand Liverpool Steeplechase, which was renamed the Grand National in 1847, the first three runnings were poorly organised affairs possibly run at Maghull. This year the race came under new management and the arrival of the railway in Liverpool made travel to the course easier.

The race was not run as a handicap chase (the Grand National was converted to a handicap race in 1843) and therefore all the runners carried twelve stone.
Rossell, Castellón
Rossell (Valencian pronunciation: [roˈseʎ]) is a municipality in the comarca of Baix Maestrat in the Valencian Community, Spain.

The town is located at the eastern end of the Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, in the area known as Muntanyes de Benifassà. Rossell is part of the Taula del Sénia free association of municipalities.

Ports de Tortosa-Beseit
Ports de Tortosa-Beseit (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈpɔɾdz ðə tuɾˈtozə βəˈzejt]), also known as Ports de Beseit, or simply as Els Ports [əls ˈpɔɾts] or Lo Port [lu ˈpɔɾt] by locals, is a limestone mountain massif located at the north-eastern end of the Sistema Ibérico, a complex system of mountain ranges and massifs in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. Its highest point is Mont Caro, 1,441 m. Rivers such as the Matarranya and the Cenia have their source in these mountains.