hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gymnanthes
Gymnanthes is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1788. It is found primarily in the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere (from Florida and Mexico south to Argentina), but with some species in central Africa and southwestern Southeast Asia.

Members of the genus are commonly known as oysterwood. The genus has 45 species and is pantropical.

Species

Species

moved to other genera: Actinostemon Ditrysinia Microstachys Sebastiania Stillingia

Ditrysinia
Ditrysinia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1825. It contains only one recognized species, Ditrysinia fruticosa, the Gulf Sebastian-bush, native to the southeastern United States (E Texas, Louisiana, SW Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, N Florida, Georgia, North + South Carolina).

Formerly included

moved to Stillingia

Ditrysinia sylvatica (L.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. - Stillingia sylvatica L.
John G. Cotton
John Gould Cotton (born 1951) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy. He was Chief of the United States Navy Reserve from October 2003 until July 2008. He is currently a member of the Defense Department's Reserve Forces Policy Board.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Royal Train (New Zealand)
The Royal Trains were special train carriages used by New Zealand Railways during royal visits to New Zealand, which occurred in 1901, 1920, 1927, 1935 and 1954. Each Royal Train was preceded by a pilot train, a similar arrangement to that used in Britain.

New Zealand Railways Department
The New Zealand Railways Department, NZR or NZGR (New Zealand Government Railways) and often known as the "Railways", was a government department charged with owning and maintaining New Zealand's railway infrastructure and operating the railway system. The department was created in 1880 and was corporatised on 1 April 1982 into the New Zealand Railways Corporation. Originally, railway construction and operation took place under the auspices of the former provincial governments and some private railways, before all of the provincial operations came under the central Public Works Department. The role of operating the rail network was subsequently separated from that of the network's construction. From 1895 to 1993 there was a responsible Minister, the Minister of Railways. He was often also the Minister of Public Works.

Apart from four brief experiments with independent boards, NZR remained under direct ministerial control for most of its history.
Strømsfoss
Strømsfoss is a village in Aremark municipality, Norway. Here, the Øymarksjøen-Rødenessjøen-Ara-Aspern-Femsjøen watershed meets the national road between Aremark and Rakkestad as well as the county road between Aremark and Ørje. Strømsfoss has a watermill museum, housed in an old mill built in 1897–98. It also has a power station from 1920.

Aremark
Aremark is a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fosby.

Aremark was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The new municipality of Øymark was separated from Aremark on 1 July 1903.
International Marxist Group (Germany)
The International Marxist Group (German: Gruppe Internationale Marxisten, GIM) was the name of two German Marxist groups. The first was formed in 1939, as a breakaway from the Communist Party Opposition (KPO), and was linked to the centrist Marxist International Workers Front.

The second was a Trotskyist group in West Germany, formed in 1968 by the International Communists of Germany (IKD) and a faction of the Socialist German Student League (SDS). The GIM served as the German section of the reunified Fourth International. In the 1950s, the IKD had entered the Independent Workers' Party (UAP) and later the Social Democratic Party (SPD).  The group was involved in the Extraparliamentary Opposition (APO) movement through the early 1970s. In 1986, the GIM joined with the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists-Leninists to form the Unified Socialist Party (VSP). The VSP changed its name to the Association for Solidarity Perspectives (VsP) in 1993.

Fourth International (post-reunification)
The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyist international.

Following a ten-year schism, in 1963 the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI) and the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) reunited.

In 2003, the United Secretariat was replaced by an Executive Bureau and an International Committee, although some other Trotskyists still refer to the organisation as the USFI or USec.
Dale Elphinstone
Dale Brendon Elphinstone AO FTSE (born 1951) is an Australian engineer, manufacturer and business executive. He is the founder and executive chairman of the Elphinstone Group, a privately held engineering and manufacturing company headquartered in north-west Tasmania.

Elphinstone has been active in Australia’s mining equipment manufacturing sector since the 1970s. His career has included the formation of the Caterpillar Elphinstone joint venture in the 1990s, which was acquired by Caterpillar Inc. in 2000, and the subsequent re-establishment of Elphinstone-branded manufacturing following Caterpillar’s withdrawal from underground equipment production in Burnie, Tasmania.

According to independent wealth rankings, Elphinstone has been listed among Australia’s wealthiest individuals since at least 2010. In 2025, he was ranked 131st on Australia's Richest 250, with an estimated net worth of $1.29 billion.

Australia's Richest 250
The List – Australia's Richest 250 is a study of Australia's 250 richest people and families, published annually in The Australian newspaper and on its website.

The list ranks the country's wealthiest people from one to 250, in order of their net worth.

Each listing includes the name and role of the individuals on the list, their wealth this year, their wealth last year and a commentary on their year in business, including the decisions, plans or internal or external factors that have led to their wealth rising or falling.

The list is published annually in March in a glossy magazine inserted into The Australian and online.
2008 Players' Championship
The 2008 Tylenol Players' Championship is the last Grand Slam event of both the World Curling Tour and Women's Curling Tour for the 2007–08 season. This was the sixteenth time the event has taken place, and the third time since it was switched to joint men's/women's format. The event was held at the Mile One Centre in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador April 15–20. Since the event is a part of the Olympic qualifying process in Canada, only Canadian teams were invited. The total purse for each event is $100,000.

2008 Winners:
 Glenn Howard
 Amber Holland

Both of these teams were awarded 40 CTRS points for their feats at the tournament.

Players' Championship
The Players' Championship, currently known as the AMJ Players' Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the final event of the Grand Slam of Curling tour, and is formerly the championship of the World Curling Tour season.

From 2016 to 2019, it was the penultimate slam of the curling season, and the last of the four "majors". The event was one of the original Grand Slam events when they were instituted in the 2001–02 season for men and for the 2005–06 season for women.
HMCS CC-1
HMCS CC-1 was a CC-class submarine used by the Royal Canadian Navy. Acquired by British Columbia at the outbreak of the First World War, the ship had been initially built for Chile as Iquique. However, after a dispute with the shipyard, Chile refused the submarine and the shipyard owners sold the vessel to Canada instead. Renamed CC-1 in Canadian service, the vessel was commissioned in 1914 and remained active through the war. Following the war, the submarine was laid up and was discarded in 1920.

CC-class submarine
The CC-class submarine was the first class of submarines used by the Royal Canadian Navy. Designed as diesel-electric submarines for use as coastal defence, they were originally purchased by the province of British Columbia from a shipbuilder in Seattle, Washington, which had built the submarines for the Chilean Navy. Acquired by Canada they saw no battle while in service during the First World War and were paid off in 1920. They were the first Canadian warships to pass through the Panama Canal. Both ships were discarded in 1925.
Nimrod Snoddy
Nimrod Snoddy (July 4, 1821 - May 16, 1886) was an A. M. E. preacher who served in the Alabama Legislature during the Reconstruction era. He was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1876 representing Greene County, Alabama. He held substantial property in 1870 and was living in Greene County, Alabama.

He was African American and was active in the A. M. E. Church in Clinton, Alabama and as an elder preacher later in life.

Greene County, Alabama
Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 81% African American, making it the fourth-most heavily black county by proportion in the United States, and the most black county among all counties located outside of the state of Mississippi. It is documented as one of the unhealthiest counties in the United States, with a population with an obesity percentage of 46.3 percent, the highest of any county in the state, and second to only Claiborne County in the western portion of neighboring Mississippi. The life expectancy there is 74.9 years, over 2 years lower than the national average.
On-shell renormalization scheme
In quantum field theory, and especially in quantum electrodynamics, the interacting theory leads to infinite quantities that have to be absorbed in a renormalization procedure, in order to be able to predict measurable quantities. The renormalization scheme can depend on the type of particles that are being considered. For particles that can travel asymptotically large distances, or for low energy processes, the on-shell scheme, also known as the physical scheme, is appropriate. If these conditions are not fulfilled, one can turn to other schemes, like the minimal subtraction scheme (MS scheme).

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
76th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 76th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievement in feature films, documentary, television and commercials of 2023, were presented on February 10, 2024, at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The ceremony was hosted by Judd Apatow, who previously hosted the ceremonies in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The nominations for the television and documentary categories were announced on January 9, 2024, while the nominations for the feature film categories were announced on January 10, 2024.

74th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 74th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievement in feature films, documentary, television and commercials of 2021, were presented on March 12, 2022, at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The ceremony was hosted by Judd Apatow, who previously hosted the ceremonies in 2018 and 2020. The nominations for the television and documentary categories were announced on January 26, 2022, while the nominations for the feature film categories were announced on January 27, 2022.
Minister of Law and Justice
The minister of law and justice is the head of the Ministry of Law and Justice and one of the cabinet ministers of the Government of India. The first law and justice minister of independent India was B. R. Ambedkar, who served in first Nehru ministry during 1947–52. On 18 May 2023, Arjun Ram Meghwal replaced Kiren Rijiju and became the minister of state (independent charge) of Ministry of Law and Justice.

Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Lok Sabha.

A smaller executive body called the Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government.
Jwalamukhi Rural Municipality
Jwalamukhi (Nepali: ज्वालामुखी, romanized: gangajamuna) is a Gaupalika (Nepali: गाउपालिका, romanized: gaupalika) (formerly: village development committee) in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. The local body was formed by merging four VDCs namely Khari, Dhola, Nepal, Maidi and Chainpur, Bagmati. Currently, it has a total of 7 wards. The population of the rural municipality is 23,966 according to the data collected on 2017 Nepalese local elections.Chairman of this rural municipality is Binod Timalsina and he belongs to Nepali Congress Party.

Dhola, Nepal
Dhola, Nepal is a village development committee in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. It is  situated high up the Himalayas in the Annapurna and Manaslu  Mountain range in the mid-western Nepal  at an altitude of 1210 m above the sea level. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,033 and had 998 houses in it. Where total population of Male and Female are 1,772 and 2,261 respectively.
Cortical stimulation mapping
Cortical stimulation mapping (CSM) is a type of electrocorticography that involves a physically invasive procedure and aims to localize the function of specific brain regions through direct electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex. It remains one of the earliest methods of analyzing the brain and has allowed researchers to study the relationship between cortical structure and systemic function.  Cortical stimulation mapping is used for a number of clinical and therapeutic applications, and remains the preferred method for the pre-surgical mapping of the motor cortex and language areas to prevent unnecessary functional damage. There are also some clinical applications for cortical stimulation mapping, such as the treatment of epilepsy.

Wilder Penfield
Wilder Graves Penfield OM CC CMG FRS (January 26, 1891 – April 5, 1976) was an American-Canadian neurosurgeon. He expanded brain surgery's methods and techniques, including mapping the functions of various regions of the brain such as the cortical homunculus. His scientific contributions on neural stimulation expand across a variety of topics including hallucinations, illusions, dissociation and déjà vu. Penfield devoted much of his thinking to mental processes, including contemplation of whether there was any scientific basis for the existence of the human soul.
Caledonia-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Caledonia-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Caledonia-2 District includes all of the Caledonia County towns of Hardwick, Stannard, and Walden.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Caledonia-2 District had a population of 4,141 in that same census, 2.02% above the state average.

Walden, Vermont
Walden is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. The population was 956 at the 2020 census. The community has no ZIP code of its own; mail is routed through the West Danville and East Hardwick post offices.
2024 Canberra Tennis International
The 2024 Canberra International, known as Workday Canberra International for sponsorship reasons, was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It was its first season as an ATP Challenger Tour 125 event. On the women's side, it was the seventh edition of the event and is part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place at the Canberra Tennis Centre in Canberra, Australia between 1 and 6 January 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
2015 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 2015 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Commodores played their home games at Vanderbilt Stadium at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee, which has been Vanderbilt football's home stadium since 1922. Derek Mason coached the Commodores for his second year. They are members of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Commodores finished with a losing record for the second year in a row with an overall record of 4–8 and 2–6 in SEC play.

Derek Mason
Derek Mason (born September 29, 1969) is an American college football coach who is currently the head football coach for Middle Tennessee State University. He previously served as head coach at Vanderbilt University from 2014 to 2020.
Bømlo-nytt
Bømlo-nytt (The Bømlo News) is a local Norwegian newspaper published in Svortland in Vestland county. Bømlo-nytt covers events in Bømlo Municipality and is issued every Wednesday and Saturday. The newspaper first appeared on August 30, 1973 and it is published in Nynorsk. The chief editor is Randi Olsen, who succeeded Stein-Erik Ovesen on June 6, 2011.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Arrondissements of the Aisne department
The 5 arrondissements of the Aisne department are:

Arrondissement of Château-Thierry, (subprefecture: Château-Thierry) with 108 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 69,781 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Laon, (prefecture of the Aisne department: Laon) with 240 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 154,021 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Saint-Quentin, (subprefecture: Saint-Quentin) with 126 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 126,366 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Soissons, (subprefecture: Soissons) with 164 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 107,344 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Vervins, (subprefecture: Vervins) with 160 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 69,956 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Laon
The arrondissement of Laon is an arrondissement of France in the Aisne department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 240 communes. Its population is 154,021 (2021), and its area is 2,175.3 km2 (839.9 sq mi).
Pudong Football Stadium station
Pudong Football Stadium (simplified Chinese: 浦东足球场; traditional Chinese: 浦東足球場; pinyin: Pǔdōng Zúqiúchǎng), formerly known as Jingang Road (Chinese: 金港路; pinyin: Jīngǎng Lù) is a station that is part of Line 14 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Jingang Road and East Jinxiu Road in Pudong, the station opened with the rest of Line 14 on December 30, 2021. It is named after the nearby Pudong Football Stadium.

Line 14 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 14 of the Shanghai Metro is an east-west metro line opened on 30 December 2021. The line, consisting of 31 stations, starts from Fengbang town in Jiading District, and terminate in Jinqiao town in Pudong New Area via Zhenru, Jing'an Temple, Dashijie, and Lujiazui. Its total length is 39.1 kilometres (24.3 mi), and passengers are able to transfer to 13 existing and planned metro lines. Due to Line 14 cutting across some of the densest areas of Shanghai and being a relief line for line 2, high ridership is expected for the line. As such the line uses high capacity 8 car A size trains similar to lines 1 and 2. The line uses an automatic train control system jointly developed by Thales and Shanghai Electric. Line 14 is fully driverless. The line is colored olive on system maps.
Claw Boys Claw
Claw Boys Claw are a Dutch band, formed in Amsterdam. The core members of the band are Peter te Bos (vocals) and John Cameron (guitar). After some years of inactivity, the band started playing live again in 2007.

Claw Boys Claw never attained much commercial success, and a venture into the American market was unsuccessful.

PIAS Recordings
PIAS Recordings (also known as Play It Again Sam) is a British-Belgian record label founded in 1982 by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot, In September 2024, the company was acquired by Universal Music Group. Play It Again Sam expanded along with other European independent labels in the early 1980s. Play It Again Sam's prominent early artists were electronic-rock acts like Front 242, Meat Beat Manifesto and The Young Gods. They later added artists such as The Sound, Soulwax/2ManyDJ's, Sigur Rós and Mogwai.