hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast
Rybachy (Russian: Рыба́чий, from Рыба́к, "Fisherman", German: Rossitten, Lithuanian: Rasytė) is a rural settlement in Zelenogradsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Curonian Spit. As of 2010 it has about 839 residents. It was formerly known for the Rossitten Bird Observatory and the Rossitten gliding school.

Zelenogradsky District
Zelenogradsky District (Russian: Зеленогра́дский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,016 square kilometers (778 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zelenogradsk. Population: 32,271 (2010 census); 32,504 (2002 Census); 27,697 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zelenogradsk accounts for 40.4% of the district's total population.
2022–23 Alabama State Hornets basketball team
The 2022–23 Alabama State Hornets basketball team represented Alabama State University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hornets, led by first-year head coach Tony Madlock, played their home games at the Dunn–Oliver Acadome in Montgomery, Alabama as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).

The Hornets finished the season 8–23, 6–12 in SWAC play, to finish in a tie for ninth place. They failed to qualify for the SWAC tournament, since only the top eight teams are qualified to compete.

2023 SWAC men's basketball tournament
The 2023 SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2022–23 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament was held from March 8–11, 2023. The tournament winner, Texas Southern, for the third straight season, received an automatic invitation to the 2023 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the latter becoming just the third 20-loss team to make the tournament. The tournament was sponsored by Cricket Wireless.
TBVfL Neustadt-Wildenheid
The TBVfL Neustadt-Wildenheid is a German association football club from the city of Neustadt bei Coburg, Bavaria.

The club is a merger of TBV Wildenheid and VfL 07 Neustadt. The latter achieved notability by playing in the 2nd Oberliga Süd from 1954 to 1963.

Landesliga Bayern
The Landesliga Bayern sits at step 6 of the German football league system and is the third highest level in the Bavarian football league system, below the Bayernliga and organised in five regional divisions. The current Landesligas were formed in 1963, when the Bundesliga was established. From 2012, when the Regionalliga Bayern was established, the Landesligas were expanded from three to five divisions.

Previous to that, from 1945 to 1950, the Landesliga Bayern existed as a tier-two league below the Oberliga Süd.
Yala Glacier
Yala Glacier is a glacier in Rasuwa District, Nepal. 'Yala' means 'high peak' in the local Langtang valley language.

It was described in 2006 as a 2,566 square kilometres (991 sq mi) plateau-shaped polythermal glacier. In 2021, the length was 1.4 km (0.87 mi) with a surface area of  1.61 km2 (0.62 sq mi).

Due to its relative accessibility, the glacier is one of the most studied in Nepal, starting with Japanese glaciologists. Researchers have found that the glacier rapidly retreated since the 1990s. Since 1974 the surface area of the glacier dropped 66% and the glacier retreated 784 meters.

In 2025, during a 'glacier funeral' ceremony, a memorial for the glacier was unveiled to acknowledge it rapid disappearance. It consists of a granite plaque with inscription by Icelandic writer Andri Snær Magnason.

Rasuwa District
Rasuwa District (Nepali: रसुवा जिल्लाListenⓘ is one of 13 districts of Bagmati Province and one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhunche, Gosaikunda Rural Municipality as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,544 km2 (596 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 43,300. Its District Post Office (DPO) has a Rasuwa DPO code of 45000. There are five post offices in the district.  As per census 2011 total households in Rasuwa district were 9,778. It is the smallest district by area, among 16 districts in the Himalaya region of Nepal.
Australina pusilla
Australina pusilla, the small shade nettle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Urticaceae, native to eastern Australia, and New Zealand. A highly variable perennial herb reaching 50 cm (20 in), it is often found growing alongside shady streams.

Urticaceae
The Urticaceae /ɜːrtɪˈkeɪsiː/ are a family, the nettle family,  of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica. The Urticaceae family includes a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus Urtica, Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (Debregeasia saeneb).

The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera. The largest genera are Pilea (500 to 715 species), Elatostema (300 species), Urtica (80 species), and Cecropia (75 species). Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes.

Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, but most species are found in tropical ecosystems, especially tropical Asia.
Levon Ghulyan
Levon Ghulyan (Armenian: Լևոն Ղուլյան) was an Armenian politician who served as Minister of Provisions of the First Republic of Armenia from 1918 to 1919.

In a letter to his wife, the first prime minister of Armenia, Hovhannes Kajaznuni, described Ghulyan as "practically intelligent, very resourceful and capable person, but unreliable", adding: "he pretends to be a strong Armenian, but really he has only one God, his own interest."

Hovhannes Kajaznuni
Hovhannes Kajaznuni or Katchaznouni (Armenian: Հովհաննես Քաջազնունի; 14 February 1868 – 15 January 1938) was an Armenian architect and politician who served as  the first prime minister of the First Republic of Armenia from 6 June 1918 to 7 August 1919. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
Timeline of the gunpowder age
This is a timeline of the history of gunpowder and related topics such as weapons, warfare, and industrial applications. The timeline covers the history of gunpowder from the first hints of its origin as a Taoist alchemical product in China until its replacement by smokeless powder in the late 19th century (from 1884 to the present day).

Bayonet
A bayonet (from Old French bayonette, now spelt baïonnette) is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped melee weapon designed to be mounted on the end of the barrel of a rifle, carbine, musket or similar long firearm, allowing the gun to be utilized as a spear in close combat.

The term is derived from the town of Bayonne in southwestern France, where bayonets were supposedly first used by Basques in the 17th century. From the early 17th to the early 20th century, it was an infantry melee weapon used for both offensive and defensive tactics, usually when charging in mass formations (human wave attacks). In contemporary times, bayonets are considered a weapon of last resort and are rarely used in combat, although they are still used regularly for non-combat purposes such as military parades, crowd control and as utility knives.
Everton Luiz
Everton Luiz Guimarães Bilher (born 24 May 1988), commonly known as Everton Luiz, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Laguna. He is primarily recognized for his aggressive and hard-tackling style of play.

After starting out in his homeland, mainly playing in the lower leagues, Everton Luiz moved to Europe in 2013. He went on to play for Swiss clubs Lugano and St. Gallen, before transferring to Serbian club Partizan in early 2016. In his first full season with the Crno-beli, Everton Luiz collected the double.

In early 2018, Everton Luiz moved to Italy to join Serie A club SPAL. He was sent out on loan to Major League Soccer team Real Salt Lake a year later, before signing a permanent deal with them ahead of the 2020 season.

2015–16 Serbian Cup
The 2015–16 Serbian Cup season is the tenth season of the Serbian national football tournament.

The competition started on 2 September 2015 and concluded with the final on 11 May 2016.

Partizan, the winner of the competition, qualified for the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League.
Zulu royal family
The Zulu royal family, also known as the House of Zulu (Zulu: abakwaZulu, lit. 'people of the place of Zulu') consists of the King of the Zulu Nation, his consorts, and all of his legitimate descendants. The legitimate descendants of all previous kings are also sometimes considered to be members.

Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin. This is distinguished from cognate kinship which is through any combination of lineages, and from matrilineality which is through the mother's lineage, also called the spindle side, the distaff side or enatic kinship.

A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males.
Aminiha Hosseiniyeh
Aminiha Hosseiniyeh is a hosseiniyeh in the Akhund (Molavi) neighbourhood of Qazvin, Iran. Built in 1858, it comprises 16 interconnected structures.

The section under the halls comprises sectors such as the cellar, basement, store room, and kitchen which have access to the northern and southern courtyard. The north facing wall of the southern courtyard is of stone with innumerable embossments.

Husayniyya
A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram. The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.
Aisby, West Lindsey
Aisby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Corringham, in the  West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) north from the A631 road and Corringham, 4 miles (6 km) north-east from Gainsborough, and 5 miles (8 km) south-east from Kirton in Lindsey.

Aisby is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book as "Aseby", in the Corringham Hundred of West Riding of Lindsey. It comprised 8 households, with 1 smallholder and 7 freemen. In 1066 Earl Edwin was Lord of the Manor; by 1086 this had been transferred to King William, who also became Tenant-in-chief.

Old Hall, a Grade II listed building in Aisby, originates from the 14th century, with 17th-century alterations, and substantial alterations and additions in the 19th and 20th centuries.

A631 road
The A631 is a road running from Sheffield, South Yorkshire to Louth, Lincolnshire in England. It passes through the counties of South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire. The road has many towns on its route including Rotherham, Maltby, Gainsborough and Market Rasen. It is mostly single road throughout its length but has some stretches of dual carriageway as well.
Dave Brown (rugby league, born 1913)
David Michael Brown (4 April 1913 – 23 February 1974) was one of Australia's greatest rugby league footballers.

Brown in his distinctive headgear was said to be one of the most admired sights in the game during the 1930s. He won two premierships with Easts and scored so many points, tries and goals and established so many records (some may never be bettered) that he is referred to as "the Bradman of league". In 2003 Brown was inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame and in 2008 he was named in the New South Wales rugby league team of the century. In 2018, Brown joined Rugby League's elite by being inducted as a Rugby League Immortal.

Australian Rugby League Commission
The Australian Rugby League Commission Limited (ARL), formerly the Australian Rugby Football League Limited is an Australian rugby league football competition operator.

It was founded in 1986 as the Australian Rugby Football League Limited and succeeded the Australian Rugby Football League Board of Control which had been formed in 1924. Since its inception, the ARL has administered the Australian national team and represented Australia in international rugby league matters. Prior to 1998, the code in Australia had been principally administered by individual state leagues on a domestic basis, and the ARL on a national and international basis.
Variational integrator
Variational integrators are numerical integrators for Hamiltonian systems derived from the Euler–Lagrange equations of a discretized Hamilton's principle. Variational integrators are momentum-preserving and symplectic.

Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals.

Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation. An alternative method is to use techniques from calculus to obtain a series expansion of the solution.

Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved.
Clan Wallace
The Clan Wallace is a Lowlands Scottish Clan and is officially recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The most famous member of the clan was the Scottish patriot William Wallace of the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

Riccarton, East Ayrshire
Riccarton is a village and parish in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It lies across the River Irvine from Kilmarnock, this river forming the boundary between Riccarton and Kilmarnock parishes, and also between the historical districts of Kyle and Cunningham. The name is a corruption of 'Richard's town', traditionally said to refer to Richard Wallace, the uncle of Sir William Wallace.  The parish also contains the village of Hurlford.
O2 (UK)
Telefonica UK Limited, trading as O2 UK (stylised as O2), is a British telecommunications services provider. It is the largest mobile network in the United Kingdom, with approximately 23.2 million subscribers as of December 2024.

Since 2021, O2 UK has formed a subsidiary of Virgin Media O2, a 50:50 joint venture between Telefónica and Liberty Global formed through the merger of their respective O2 UK and Virgin Media businesses.

The network was launched in 1985 as Cellnet, a joint venture between British Telecom (60%) and Securicor (40%), and later rebranded BT Cellnet following BT's acquisition of Securicor's share. Cellnet was one of the two original cellular network operators in the UK, alongside Vodafone. In 2001, BT spun off its BT Wireless division as mmO2 plc (later O2 plc), with the UK network adopting the O2 brand in 2002. O2 plc was acquired by Spanish telecommunications firm Telefónica in 2006.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.
Kenya, Lubumbashi
Kenya is a commune of the city of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Haut-Katanga Province). Located south of the city center, it is among the earliest municipalities established in Lubumbashi and most densely populated municipalities in the city.

The commune is historically significant as a former cité indigène (indigenous quarter) created during the colonial era. It is home to the Stade Frédéric-Kibasa-Maliba (formerly Stade de la Kenya), the third-largest stadium in the country.

Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are administrative divisions of both cities and territories.  They are led by government appointed burgomasters (fr. bourgmestres) and are further divided into quarters (fr. quartiers) and embedded groupings (fr. groupements incorporé).
Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard
Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard  is a family-owned wine company based in Milawa, Victoria, Australia.  Brown Brothers was founded in 1889 by John Francis Brown and continues to be owned and operated by his descendants on the original property. Brown Brothers makes wine from a wide range of grape varieties and into a range of styles.

Gewürztraminer
Gewürztraminer (German: [ɡəˈvʏʁtstʁaˌmiːnɐ] ⓘ) is an aromatic wine grape variety, used in white wines, and which performs best in cooler climates. In English, it is sometimes referred to colloquially as Gewürz (/ɡəˈvʊərts, ɡəˈvɜːrts/ gə-VOORTS, gə-VURTS; although this is never the case in German, because Gewürz means 'herb' or 'spice'). In English and French it is usually written Gewurztraminer (without the umlaut). Gewürztraminer is a variety with a pink to red skin colour, which makes it a "white wine grape" as opposed to the blue to black-skinned varieties commonly referred to as "red wine grapes". The variety has high natural sugar and the wines are white and usually off-dry, with a flamboyant bouquet of lychees. Indeed, Gewürztraminer and lychees share the same aroma compounds. Dry Gewürztraminers may also have aromas of roses, passion fruit and floral notes. It is not uncommon to notice some spritz (fine bubbles on the inside of the glass).
Salt water chlorination
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–4000 ppm or 1–4 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs. The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing agents in pools. Hydrogen is produced as byproduct too.

Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.
1953 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1953 Norwegian Football Cup was the 48th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 25 October 1953, and was contested by Lillestrøm, who made their first appearance in the cup final and Viking, who had lost the cup final on two previous occasions (1933 and 1947). Viking secured their first title with a 2–1 win in the final. Sparta was the defending champions, but was eliminated by Stavanger in the fourth round.

1933 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1933 Norwegian Football Cup was the 32nd season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 15 October 1933, and Mjøndalen secured their first title with a 3–1 win against Viking. Mjøndalen had previously played two cup finals but lost both in 1924 and 1931, while Viking played their first final. Fredrikstad were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Viking in the fourth round.
Rocca Sinibalda
Rocca Sinibalda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Lazio, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Rieti.

It is home to the Sforza Cesarini Castle, originally built in 1084 but turned into a more modern fortress in the 1530s by Baldassare Peruzzi, commissioned  by Cardinal Alessandro Cesarini. The interior has frescoes from the 17th and 18th centuries.

The remains of the ancient Sabine town of Trebula Mutusca are not far.

Rieti
Rieti (Italian: [ˈrjɛːti]; Latin: Reate, Sabino: Riete) is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina region.

The town centre stands on a small hilltop, commanding from the southern edge the wide Rieti valley, at the bottom of the Sabine hills and of monti Reatini, including mount Terminillo. The plain was once a large lake, drained by the ancient Romans, and is now the fertile basin of the Velino River. Only the small Ripasottile and Lungo lakes remain of the larger original.
Little Hormead
Little Hormead is a village in the civil parish of Hormead, in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the town of Buntingford.

St Mary's Church dates from the 11th century. It is no longer in use as a church, and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Little Hormead and neighbouring Great Hormead were historically separate parishes. They were merged into a single parish called Hormead in 1937. At the 1931 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Little Hormead had a population of 149.

Buntingford
Buntingford is a market town and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies next to the River Rib and is located on the historic Roman road, Ermine Street. As a result of its location, it grew mainly as a staging post with many coaching inns and has an 18th-century one-cell prison known as The Cage, by the ford at the end of Church Street. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 7,989 and the built up area had a population of 7,875.
43rd Cabinet of Kuwait
The Cabinet of Kuwait is the chief executive body of the State of Kuwait. The 43rd cabinet in the history of Kuwait was appointed on 9 April 2023. On 5 March 2023, Amir of Kuwait His Highness Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah assigned His Highness Sheikh Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah as Prime Minister . The Amir has also assigned the Prime Minister to refer the cabinet line-up for their appointment. On 9 April 2023, the new cabinet line up was announced after the Amir approved in an Amiri order. On 9 May 2023, Amir of Kuwait accepted the resignation of the Minister of Oil & Minister of State for National Affairs. On 9 May 2023, an Amiri Decree has been issued appointing the finance minister. On 7 June 2023, the Prime Minister tendered a letter of governmental resignation to the Crown Prince. On 7 June 2023, the Emir accepted the government resignation. The government will function as care-taker until the formation of the new government.

Emir of Kuwait
The Emir of the State of Kuwait (Arabic: أمير دولة الكويت) is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, and is the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.

Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah became the emir of Kuwait on 16 December 2023, following the death of Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.