hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timed word
In model checking, a subfield of computer science, a timed word is an extension of the notion of words, in a formal language, in which each letter is associated with a positive time tag. The sequence of time tags must be non-decreasing, which intuitively means that letters are received. For example, a system receiving a word over a network may associate to each letter the time at which the letter is received. The non-decreasing condition here means that the letters are received in the correct order.

A timed language is a set of timed words.

Model checking
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of livelock) as well as safety requirements (such as avoidance of states representing a system crash).

In order to solve such a problem algorithmically, both the model of the system and its specification are formulated in some precise mathematical language. To this end, the problem is formulated as a task in logic, namely to check whether a structure satisfies a given logical formula. This general concept applies to many kinds of logic and many kinds of structures. A simple model-checking problem consists of verifying whether a formula in the propositional logic is satisfied by a given structure.
Cristos Gianakos
Cristos Gianakos (born January 4, 1934) is an American postminimalist artist known for his large-scale ramp sculptures and installations. He lives and works in New York, where he has been teaching at the School of Visual Arts since 1963. He has been exhibiting and publishing as Cris Gianakos since 2002.

Nassau County Museum of Art
The Nassau County Museum of Art (NCMA) is located on the former Frick "Clayton" Estate, a 145-acre (59 ha) property in Roslyn Harbor on the Gold Coast of Long Island, New York.  The main museum building, named in honor of art collectors and philanthropists Arnold A. Saltzman and his wife Joan, is a three-story Georgian-style mansion that exemplifies Gold Coast architecture of the late 19th century. In addition to the mansion, NCMA, which receives nearly 200,000 visitors each year, includes The Manes Family Art & Education Center, opened in 2017, as well as a Sculpture Park, a Formal Garden, rare specimen trees and marked walking trails.
Anandite
Anandite is a rare phyllosilicate with formula (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Si,Al,Fe)4O10(S,OH)2. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. It is black in color with a glassy luster and a near perfect cleavage.

It was first described in 1967 for an occurrence in the Wilagedera Prospect of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka in bands of iron ore.  It has also been found in Big Creek in Fresno County and in Trumball Peak in Mariposa County, California as well as the Sterling Mine in New Jersey.  It was named for Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (1877–1947), who was the first director of the Mineral Survey of Ceylon, Sri Lanka.

Anandite is a member of the mica group of minerals.  Other minerals that anandite is associated with include: magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and baryte.

Chalcopyrite
Chalcopyrite (/ˌkælkəˈpaɪˌraɪt, -koʊ-/ KAL-kə-PY-ryte, -⁠koh-) is a copper iron sulfide mineral and the most abundant copper ore mineral. It has the chemical formula CuFeS2 and crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green-tinged black.

On exposure to air, chalcopyrite tarnishes to a variety of oxides, hydroxides, and sulfates. Associated copper minerals include the sulfides bornite (Cu5FeS4), chalcocite (Cu2S), covellite (CuS), digenite (Cu9S5); carbonates such as malachite and azurite, and rarely oxides such as cuprite (Cu2O). It is rarely found in association with native copper. Chalcopyrite is a conductor of electricity.

Copper can be extracted from chalcopyrite ore using various methods. The two predominant methods are pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, the former being the most commercially viable.
Burmese people in the United Kingdom
Burmese people in the United Kingdom (also known as Burmese Britons) are residents and citizens of the United Kingdom with Burmese ancestry or origins. This can include people born in the UK who are of Burmese descent, as well as those born in Myanmar who have migrated to Britain.

Bamar people
The Bamar people (Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး, ba. ma lu myui: IPA: [bə.mà lù mjó]; also known as Burmese people or Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). With an estimated population of around 35 million people, they are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, accounting for 68.78% of the country's total population. The geographic homeland of the Bamar is the Irrawaddy River basin. The Bamar speak the Burmese language which serves as the national language and lingua franca of Myanmar.
Oldest railroads in North America
This is a list of the earliest railroads in North America, including various railroad-like precursors to the general modern form of a company or government agency operating locomotive-drawn trains on metal tracks.

Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
Jim Thorpe, known as Mauch Chunk and East Mauch Chunk until 1954, is a borough in and the county seat of Carbon County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is the burial site of Native American sports legend Jim Thorpe, who had no connection with the town in his lifetime. As of the 2020 census, Jim Thorpe had a population of 4,507.

Jim Thorpe is located in the Pocono Mountains, approximately 29 miles (47 km) northwest of Allentown, 83 miles (134 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 117 miles (188 km) west of New York City.
Pitusiray
Pitusiray is a 4,991-metre-high (16,375 ft) mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Calca District, north of the Vilcanota River. Pitusiray is situated southeast of Huamanchoque and south of another mountain known as Ancasmarca, Pitusiray or Sallcasa which lies beyond the two valleys north of this mountain and northeast of Huamanchoque.

Urubamba mountain range
The Urubamba mountain range (possibly from Quechua uru spider, pampa a plain) lies in the Cusco Region in Peru. It extends in a northwesterly direction between 13°08' and 13°17'S and 71°58' and 72°16'W for about 30 km.
Colesville–Ashton Line
The Colesville–Ashton Line, designated route Z2, was a weekday peak-hour bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Olney (Spartan Road & Georgia Avenue) and Silver Spring Metro station of Washington Metro's red line. The line operated every 30–35 minutes during weekday peak hours only. The route Z2 trips were roughly 60–70 minutes long.

U.S. Route 29 in Maryland
U.S. Route 29 (US 29) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs for 1,043.3 miles (1,679.0 km) from Pensacola, Florida, to the western suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland. In the U.S. state of Maryland, US 29 is a major highway that emerges from Washington, D.C. and runs north into eastern Montgomery County, stretching over 25.86 miles (41.62 km) through the state and terminating at Maryland Route 99 (MD 99) outside of Ellicott City.  It serves the cities of Columbia and Ellicott City and provides the westernmost north–south route between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore.

US 29 in Maryland was a late addition to the U.S. Numbered Highway System fabricated in 1926, beginning along a corridor once known as MD 27.  Since its redesignation, it has been realigned and upgraded many times, now containing freeway and expressway sections.
Extreme overvalued belief
An extreme overvalued belief is shared by others in a person's cultural, religious, or subcultural group (including online). The belief is often relished, amplified, and defended by the possessor of the belief and is differentiated from a delusion or obsession. Over time, the belief grows more dominant, more refined, and more resistant to challenge. The individual has an intense emotional commitment to the belief and may carry out violent behavior in its service. Over time,  belief becomes increasingly binary, simplistic, and absolute.

Fixation (psychology)
Fixation (German: Fixierung) is a concept (in human psychology) that was originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits. The term subsequently came to denote object relationships with attachments to people or things in general persisting from childhood into adult life.
Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the wider class of Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are oxidase-negative, exhibit twitching motility, and occur in pairs under magnification.

They are important soil organisms, where they contribute to the mineralization of, for example, aromatic compounds. Acinetobacter species are a key source of infection in debilitated patients in the hospital, in particular the species Acinetobacter baumannii.

Intensive care unit
An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive care medicine.

An intensive care unit was defined by the task force of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine as "an organized system for the provision of care to critically ill patients that provides intensive and specialized medical and nursing care, an enhanced capacity for monitoring, and multiple modalities of physiologic organ support to sustain life during a period of life-threatening organ system insufficiency."

Patients may be referred directly from an emergency department or from a ward if they rapidly deteriorate, or immediately after surgery if the surgery is very invasive and the patient is at high risk of complications.
Alexandru Segal
Alexandru Sorin Segal was a Jewish Romanian Brazilian economist and chess player. He was the Brazilian chess champion in 1974 and 1978. He became internationally known for his participation in five Chess Olympiads.

Romanian Brazilians
Romanian Brazilians (Romeno-brasileiro) are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Romanian descent, or Romanian-born people residing in Brazil.
According to 2008 estimates, there are around 200,000 Romanians or people of Romanian descent currently living in Brazil, although the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania says there only are 7,393 Romanian citizens in Brazil and up to 40,000 Brazilians with some Romanian ancestry.
Synergy (software)
Synergy is a software application for sharing a keyboard and mouse between multiple computers. It is used in situations where several PCs are used together, with a monitor connected to each, but are to be controlled by one user. The user needs only one keyboard and mouse on the desk—similar to a KVM switch without the video.

Partly open source and partly closed source, the open source components are released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, which is free software. The first version of Synergy was created on May 13, 2001, by Chris Schoeneman and worked with the X Window System only. Synergy now supports Windows, macOS, Linux, and other Unix-like operating systems.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
U.S. Route 69 Missouri River Bridge
The US 69 Missouri River Bridge is a girder bridge carrying U.S. Route 69 (US 69) over the Missouri River. It connects Interstate 635 (I-635) in Riverside, Missouri with the 7th Street Trafficway and Fairfax District in Kansas City, Kansas. In addition to automobiles, the bridge also carries bicycle and pedestrian traffic.

The bridge replaced the now-demolished Fairfax and Platte Purchase bridges. Construction began in the fall of 2014. The bridge opened to automobile traffic in October 2016 and was formally opened to all traffic on March 16, 2017.  The bridge was constructed by the Missouri Department of Transportation at cost of $79 million (equivalent to $104 million in 2024). Construction costs were split with the Kansas Department of Transportation.

Interstate 635 (Kansas–Missouri)
Interstate 635 (I-635) is a connector highway between I-35 in Overland Park, Kansas, and I-29 in Kansas City, Missouri, approximately 12 miles (19 km) long. It is mostly in the US state of Kansas, servicing the city of Kansas City, Kansas, but extends into Kansas City, Missouri, as well. The freeway's southern terminus is at a stack interchange with I-35. South of this, the mainline becomes an expressway carrying U.S. Route 69 (US 69).

The freeway provides a route around Downtown Kansas City by crossing through residential areas of Kansas City, Kansas, and Riverside, Missouri. It also provides another direct route to Kansas City International Airport.
Thorhild, Alberta
Thorhild is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County. It is located at the intersection of Highway 18 and Highway 827, approximately 86 kilometres (53 mi) northeast of the City of Edmonton.

Thorhild was formerly a village until April 1, 2009, when it dissolved and became a hamlet within the County of Thorhild No. 7. It originally incorporated as a village on December 31, 1949. The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway paid $480 for the original townsite on July 16, 1914, and a Royal Mail Canada post office was immediately placed in the community.

Thorhild County
Thorhild County is a municipal district located in the central part of northern Alberta, Canada, in Census Division 13. It was incorporated in 1955. It changed its name from the County of Thorhild No. 7 to Thorhild County on March 20, 2013.
Swansea City Centre
Swansea city centre in Swansea, Wales, contains the main shopping, leisure and nightlife district in Swansea.  The city centre covers much of the Castle ward including the area around Oxford Street, Castle Square, and the Quadrant Shopping Centre; Alexandra Road, High Street, Wind Street and the Castle; Parc Tawe; and the Maritime Quarter extending down to the seafront.

Swansea Civic Centre
Swansea Civic Centre (Welsh: Canolfan Ddinesig Abertawe) – formerly known as County Hall – is the principal administrative centre of Swansea Council. Standing some 800 m southwest of Swansea city centre, by the seafront and overlooking Swansea Bay, the complex houses – in addition to the council chamber and offices – a public cafe, the central library, an exhibition space, archives service, and contact centre.
Auston switch
An Auston switch (also known as a photoconductive switch) is an optically gated antenna that is commonly used in the generation and detection of pulsed terahertz radiation. It is named after the physicist David H. Auston who first developed the technology at Bell Labs in the 1960s.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
In physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a form of terahertz spectroscopy using short pulses of terahertz radiation. The generation and detection scheme is sensitive to the sample's effect on both the amplitude and the phase of the terahertz radiation.
Cricket in Nepal
Cricket in Nepal (Nepali: नेपालमा क्रिकेट) is one of the country's most popular and widely followed sport which has gained popularity over the years. It rapidly grew popularity in the mid 2010s, following the slight successes of the Nepalese cricket team as well as the country's explosive rise in social media and television viewing influence from neighboring country India. It is played by many people throughout the country, especially in the Terai region. Association football is the most popular sport in Nepal, followed by cricket.

The biggest cricketing achievement of the national cricket team was when the team reached the qualification tournament of 2014 ICC World T20 held in Bangladesh. Nepal's playing season runs from September to November and starts again in March before finishing in May.  As of October 2023, there were 3,400 senior cricket clubs and over 35,000 registered players in Nepal.

Asian Cricket Council
The Asian Cricket Council (ACC) is the sport governing body of cricket in most countries and territories in Asia. The ACC was established in 1983, to promote and develop the sport of Cricket in Asia. Subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the continent's regional administrative body, and currently consists of 30 member associations. Mohsin Naqvi is the current president of Asian Cricket Council.
Tim Berry (politician)
Timothy J. Berry (born August 1, 1961) is an American politician who served as the state auditor of Indiana from 2007 to 2013 and as State Treasurer of Indiana from 1999 to 2007. He resigned as state auditor after being elected chairman of the Indiana Republican Party on July 22, 2013. He left his post as State Party Chairman on April 30, 2015. He was replaced by Jeff Cardwell.

Indiana State Treasurer
The Indiana Treasurer of State is a constitutional and elected office in the executive branch of the government of Indiana. The treasurer is responsible for managing the finances of the U.S. state of Indiana. The position was filled by appointment from 1816 until the adoption of the new Constitution of Indiana in 1851, which made the position filled by election. As of 2023, there have been fifty-five treasurers. The incumbent is Republican Dan Elliott who has served in the position since January 9, 2023.
2013 Australian Swimming Championships
The 2013 Australian Swimming Championships were held from 26 April until 3 May 2013 at the South Australia Aquatic and Leisure Centre in Adelaide, South Australia. They doubled up as the national trials for the 2013 World Aquatics Championships.

Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships
The swimming events of the 15th FINA World Aquatics Championships were held July 28 – August 4, 2013, in Barcelona, Spain. The competition was held in a long course pool inside the Palau Sant Jordi. It featured 40 LCM events, split evenly between males and females. Swimming was one of the five aquatic disciplines at the championships.

The United States won the overall medal count, led by Missy Franklin who claimed a record-setting six gold medals. China's Sun Yang won three gold medals en route to "male swimmer of the meet". Katie Ledecky, from the United States, was named "female swimmer of the meet" after setting two world records and winning four gold medals. Four other women's world records were broken during the competition, all four in the women's breaststroke events.
2013 U.S. Cellular 250
The 2013 U.S. Cellular 250 presented by the Enlist Weed Control System was the 20th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the second iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 3, 2013, in Newton, Iowa at Iowa Speedway, a 7⁄8 mile (1.4 km) permanent D-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 250 laps to complete. At race's end, Brad Keselowski, driving for Penske Racing, would pull away on the final restart with 35 to go to win his 23rd NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his third win of the season. To fill out the podium, Sam Hornish Jr. of Penske Racing and Brian Vickers of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Iowa Speedway
Stock car racing events in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series have been held at the Iowa Speedway. The track held 2 races annually from 2011 to 2020, when the track was removed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The track returned to the schedule following the release of the 2024 NASCAR Xfinity Series schedule, supporting a Cup Series race on the same weekend.
Grateful Dead: Dead Ahead
Dead Ahead is a concert video by the Grateful Dead.  It was recorded at Radio City Music Hall in New York City on October 30 and October 31, 1980, and released in 1981.  An expanded version was released in 2005.  In contrast to other Dead concert videos, Dead Ahead contains acoustic as well as electric song performances.

Phil Lesh
Philip Chapman Lesh (March 15, 1940 – October 25, 2024) was an American musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead, with whom he developed a unique style of  improvised six-string bass guitar. He was their bassist throughout their 30-year career.

After the group disbanded in 1995, Lesh continued the tradition of Grateful Dead family music with a side project, Phil Lesh and Friends, which paid homage to the Dead's music by playing their repertoire, as well as songs by members of his own group. Lesh operated a music venue called Terrapin Crossroads. From 2009 to 2014, he performed in Furthur alongside former Grateful Dead bandmate Bob Weir.  He scaled back touring in 2014 but continued to perform concerts.
Casualty@Holby City
Casualty@Holby City (stylised as CASUAL+Y @ HOLBY CI+Y) is a series of special crossover episodes of BBC medical dramas Casualty and Holby City.  While Casualty was launched on 6 September 1986, and its spin-off Holby City was first aired on 12 January 1999, the first full crossover episode between the two programmes was not broadcast until 26 December 2004. As of 27 December 2005, four crossover specials have been aired, comprising nine episodes total. Although further crossovers of storylines and characters have since occurred, they have not been broadcast under the Casualty@Holby City title.

Characters of Casualty
Casualty is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC1. The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin. It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show Holby City. Casualty follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General. It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with ten main characters in its first series, including the longest-serving character Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson). They have all since left the series. Many main characters have been written in and out of the series since. In addition, Casualty features guest stars each week, as well as recurring guests that take part in story arcs that span a portion of a series or multiple series.
Yaqub Ibn as-Sikkit
Abū Yūsuf Ya‘qūb Ibn as-Sikkīt (ابو يوسف يعقوب ابن السكيت) was a Persian philologist tutor to the son of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil and a great grammarian and scholar of poetry of the al-Kūfah school.  He was punished on the orders of the caliph and died between 857 and 861.

Yaqut al-Hamawi
Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (1179–1229) (Arabic: ياقوت الحموي الرومي) was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine ancestry active during the late Abbasid period (12th–13th centuries). He is known for his Mu'jam ul-Buldān, an influential work on geography containing valuable information pertaining to biography, history and literature as well as geography.