hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Year of Zayed
Year of Zayed (Arabic: عام زايد) was observed throughout 2018 in the United Arab Emirates to celebrate the centenary birth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan, the tribal leader and politician who founded the United Arab Emirates in 1971 and served as its inaugural president until his death in 2004. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, his son and the-then president issued directives in 2017 that designated the consecutive year in honor of his legacy. It was held under four main themes, namely wisdom, respect, sustainability and human development.

Etihad Airways
Etihad Airways is one of the two flag carriers of the United Arab Emirates (the other being Emirates). Its head office is in Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, near Zayed International Airport. The airline commenced operations in November 2003 and is the second-largest airline in the UAE after Emirates.

The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week, to over 120 passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America, with a fleet of 107 Airbus and Boeing aircraft as of July 2025. Its main base is at Zayed International Airport. In addition to its main activity of passenger transportation, Etihad also operates Etihad Holidays and Etihad Cargo.
Mauryan polish
Mauryan polish describes one of the frequent characteristics of architecture and sculptures of the Maurya Empire in India (325 to 185 BCE), which gives a very smooth and shiny surface to the stone material, generally of sandstone or granite. Mauryan polish is found especially in the Ashoka Pillars as well as in some constructions like the Barabar Caves.  The technique did not end with the empire, but continued to be "used on occasion up to the first or second century A.D.", although the presence of the polish sometimes complicates dating, as with the Didarganj Yakshi. According to the archaeologist John Marshall: the "extraordinary precision and accuracy which characterizes all Mauryan works, and which has never, we venture to say, been surpassed even by the finest workmanship on Athenian buildings".

Vajrasana, Bodh Gaya
The Vajrasana (IAST: vajrāsana; diamond throne), or Enlightenment Throne of the Buddha, is an ancient stone slab located under the Bodhi tree, directly beside the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya. It is considered as the bodhimanda (bodhimaṇḍa; seat or platform of enlightenment) of Gautama Buddha. The slab is presumed to have been placed at the location during the reign of Maurya king Ashoka between 250–233 BCE, at the spot where the Buddha meditated.

The empty throne was a focus of devotion in early Buddhism, treated as a cetiya or symbolic relic. It was not intended to be occupied, but operated as a symbol of the missing Buddha. Devotees often kneel in prayer before it. Being the site where Gautama Buddha achieved liberation, Tibetan Buddhist texts also use the term vajrasana to refer to Bodh Gaya itself.
Joseph Birdsell
Joseph Benjamin Birdsell (March 30, 1908 – March 5, 1994) was an American anthropologist known for his work on Indigenous Australians, which spanned from the 1930s through to the 1970s. He was a long-serving professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He is best known for his  "tri-hybrid" model of human migrations into Australia, which proposed three distinct waves of racially distinct populations. The "Birdsell model" was popular in the mid-20th century, but was later found to be unsupported by scientific evidence.

Earnest Hooton
Earnest Albert Hooton (November 20, 1887 – May 3, 1954) was an American physical anthropologist known for his work on racial classification and his popular writings such as the book Up From The Ape. Hooton sat on the Committee on the Negro, a group that "focused on the anatomy of blacks and reflected the racism of the time."
Drimiopsis, Namibia
Drimiopsis is a village in the Omaheke Region in Namibia, about 40 km north of Gobabis. The local population includes mainly San, Khoekhoe-speakers, Herero, and Tswana.

The town features two schools,  Drimiopsis Primary School and Mokganedi Tlhabanello High School, serving 489 and 590 pupils respectively in 2008. In 2012, the high school had 453 students.

Drimiopsis lies on the C22 regional road which runs from Aranos through Gobabis south to Otjiwarongo, where it ends at the intersection with the B1 road.

Gobabis
Gobabis (Otjiherero: Epako, Khoekhoe: ǂKhoandabes) is a town in eastern Namibia. It is the regional capital of the Omaheke Region, and the district capital of the Gobabis electoral constituency. Gobabis is in the heart of the cattle farming area. It had a population of 33,418 people in 2023.
1999 Dreamland Egypt Classic
The 1999 Dreamland Egypt Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Cairo, Egypt that was part of Tier III of the 1999 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 19 April through 25 April 1999. First-seeded Arantxa Sánchez Vicario won the singles title.

1999 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Canal Macau
Canal Macau is a Portuguese-language television channel broadcast in Macau, China. Both Canal Macau and its sister, Cantonese language station TDM Ou Mun, are owned by TDM.

Local programmes usually broadcast daily from 4:00 pm to 1:00 am Macau Time (Except Sunday from 3:00 pm Macau Time for RTP África's África 7 Dias, a weekly news programme from Lusophone countries in Africa). As a result, programmes from RTP Internacional (Asia-Pacific feed) are usually relayed for other time schedules (with the exception of football matches). In addition, The Catholic Mass broadcasts live on Sunday mornings from the Igreja da Sé. Together, these programmes make Canal Macau a 24-hour television service.

RTP África
RTP África is a Portuguese television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). It is available in the Portuguese-speaking African countries, where it is available as a basic cable and satellite channel, with the exception of Cabo Verde, where it is available as a free-to-air channel, distributed by the country's digital terrestrial television network. RTP África is also available for free on RTP's platform RTP Play.

Its programming comes from the Portuguese public and private television channels and African public networks, RTP África also airs its own news, food and music TV shows. The channel is especially developed for the African communities and the cultural interchange between them and Portugal and for the Portuguese populations of Lusophone Africa. Until 2016, due to a protocol, the channel also transmitted programs from the United Nations dubbed in Portuguese in some breaks.
Pseudagrion hageni
Pseudagrion hageni is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. Common names include painted sprite and Hagen's sprite. It is found from South Africa to Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola (including Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania). Its natural habitats are shaded streams in subtropical or tropical forest, thicket and bush.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Wu Ting-fang
Wu Ting-fang (Chinese: 伍廷芳; 30 July 1842 – 23 June 1922) was a Chinese calligrapher, diplomat, lawyer, politician, and writer who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and briefly as Acting Premier during the early years of the Republic of China. He was also known as Ng Choy or Ng Achoy (Chinese: 伍才; pinyin: Wǔ Cái).

Premier of the Republic of China
The premier of the Republic of China, officially the president of the Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院院長), is the head of government of Taiwan and leader of the Executive Yuan. The premier is nominally the principal advisor to the president and positioned as the head of central government, appointed by the president without approval by the Legislative Yuan. The current president of the Executive Yuan is Cho Jung-tai, who took office on 20 May 2024.
Medina County, Texas
Medina County is a county located in the South central part of the U.S. state Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,748. Its county seat is Hondo. The county is named for the Medina River. The extreme northern part of the county lies within the Edwards Plateau, which elevates into the Texas Hill Country. The Medina Dam, the fourth-largest in the nation when completed in 1913, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The irrigation project, creating Medina Lake, was built by 1500 skilled workers who worked in shifts operating 24 hours a day to complete the dam in two years. Medina County is part of the San Antonio, TX metropolitan statistical area.

Greater San Antonio
Greater San Antonio, officially designated San Antonio–New Braunfels, is an eight-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Texas defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The metropolitan area straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of the Texas Triangle. The official 2020 U.S. census showed the metropolitan area's population at 2,558,143—up from a reported 1,711,103 in 2000—making it the 24th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. This combined metropolitan region of San Antonio–Austin has approximately 5.1 million people.

San Antonio–New Braunfels is the third-largest metro area in Texas, after Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land.
Ips pini
Ips pini, also known as the pine engraver or North American pine engraver, is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae native to North America. Its distribution is broad, extending from Canada and Alaska to northern Mexico, where it is primarily associated with coniferous forests and trees of smaller diameters, typically ranging from 12 to 20 cm.

Populations are subcategorized by their geographic ranges and are primarily distinguished by how they produce the enantiomeric composition of ipsdienol, the major pheromone produced by males. The species is a vector for blue stain fungus, which colonizes the sapwood and disrupts the host tree's water transport system.

Semiochemical
A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication between different species (interspecific).

It is usually used in the field of chemical ecology to encompass pheromones, allomones, kairomones, attractants and repellents.

Many insects, including parasitic insects, use semiochemicals. Pheromones are intraspecific signals that aid in finding mates, food and habitat resources, warning of enemies, and avoiding competition. Interspecific signals known as allomones and kairomones have similar functions.
Corsica Nazione
Corsica Nazione (lit. 'Corsican Nation') was an electoral group in the Corsican Assembly composed of Corsican nationalist parties. It was led by Jean-Guy Talamoni, who would later become president of the Corsican Assembly in 2015 under the Corsica Libera political party. The group supported the nationalist paramilitaries of the Corsican conflict, and many of the parties in the coalition were political wings of various armed factions.

Corsican conflict
The Corsican conflict (Corsican: Conflittu Corsu; French: Conflit Corse) is an armed and territorial conflict on the island of Corsica which began in 1976 between the government of France and Corsican nationalist militant groups, mainly the National Liberation Front of Corsica (Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale di a Corsica, FLNC) and factions of the group. Beginning in the 1970s, the Corsican conflict peaked in the 1980s before Corsican nationalist groups and the French government reached a truce with one of the two main splinters of the FLNC, the FLNC-Union of Combatants (FLNC-Unione di i Cumbattenti, FLNC-UC) in June 2014. In 2016, the other main splinter, the FLNC-22nd of October (FLNC-22 Uttrovi, FLNC-22U) also declared a truce. It is currently ongoing following the 2022 Corsica unrest and the return to arms of the FLNC-UC and FLNC-22U.
Abala, Ethiopia
Abala (Afar: Abqaala) is a town in north-eastern Abala
The administrative center of Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 13°22′N 39°45′E﻿ / ﻿13.367°N 39.750°E﻿ / 13.367; 39.750 with an elevation of 1465 meters .

Abala is an important trading center in the area for goats, with its market day on Thursday, and supplied by pastoralists from as far away as Afdera, Erebti and Teru woredas.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Capture of Olovo (1941)
The Capture of Olovo (1 November — 17 December 1941) was a battle fought between allied forces of Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army (Chetniks) and Yugoslav Partisans against Axis forces of the Independent State of Croatia garrisoned in Olovo in the first year of World War II in Yugoslavia.

Olovo
Olovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Олово) is a town and municipality located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated about 50 kilometers northeast of the capital city of Sarajevo and is located on the road between Sarajevo and Tuzla.
August Busch III
August Anheuser Busch III (born June 16, 1937) is a great-grandson of Anheuser-Busch founder Adolphus Busch and was the company's chairman until November 30, 2006. August Busch III is informally known as "Auggie" and as "The Third" or "Three Sticks" by subordinates and employees at Anheuser-Busch.

He is the father of August Busch IV.

Emerson Electric
Emerson Electric Co. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. The Fortune 500 company delivers a range of engineering services, manufactures industrial automation equipment, climate control systems, and precision measurement instruments, and provides software engineering for industrial, commercial, and consumer markets.
Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo
Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo is a method that allows the calculation, by use of Monte Carlo techniques, of averages of operators in many-body quantum mechanical (Blankenbecler 1981, Ceperley 1977) or classical problems (Baeurle 2004, Baeurle 2003, Baeurle 2002a).

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Finnish regional road 110
Finnish regional road 110 (Finnish: Seututie 110, Swedish: Regionalväg 110), or Turku Road (Finnish: Turuntie, Swedish: Åbosvägen), is the leading regional road from Helsinki to Turku. The road is a parallel to the former Highway 1 and the current Highway 1 (E18).

Regional road 110 actually starts at the Haaga roundabout. In it, it differs from regional road 120, or Vihdintie, which again starts at the northern end of Mannerheimintie. The road runs from Helsinki through Veikkola to Saukkola and Nummenkylä in Lohja and from there through Salo's Lahnajärvi and Kitula, Muurla and the center of Salo to Kupittaa in Turku. The alignment of the road partly follows the old king's road.

King's Road (Finland)
King's Road (Finnish: Kuninkaantie, Swedish: Kungsvägen) is an old mailing route in Northern Europe dating back to the 14th century, starting from Bergen in Norway on the Atlantic coast, passing through the capitals of Norway and Sweden (Oslo and Stockholm) crossing the sea through the Åland archipelago to Turku in SW Finland and ending up in Vyborg in Russia.

The modern tourist route "King's Road" is extended to St. Petersburg.
British Mathematical Olympiad
The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team and for other international maths competitions, including the European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad, the Romanian Master of Mathematics and Sciences, and the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad. It is organised by the British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust, which is part of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust. There are two rounds, the BMO1 and the BMO2.

Romanian Master of Mathematics and Sciences
The Romanian Master of Mathematics (RMM)  (also known for a period as the Romanian Masters in Mathematics and Sciences) is an annual competition for students at the pre-university level, held in Bucharest, Romania. It is one of the most challenging international high school mathematics competitions. It allows students to demonstrate their mathematical abilities, exchange ideas, and to enhance cross-cultural contacts.

The contestants compete individually in Mathematics. The participating teams (national and local teams) can have up to four official contestants and several nonofficial contestants (plus two coaches: a leader and a deputy leader). The contest follows the same structure as IMO and is usually held at the end of February. The team score is based on the combined scores of three highest official contestants. Each year the winning country brings RMM trophy back to get its name engraved and returns it to the competition the next year.
Mausoleum of Shajar al-Durr
The Mausoleum of Shajar al-Durr is a mausoleum housing the tomb of the female Ayyubid sultan Shajar al-Durr in Cairo, Egypt. It is located on al-Khalifa Street or Shurafa Street, in a neighbourhood on the edge of the al-Qarafa cemeteries. Its construction was commissioned by Shajar al-Durr herself and it is believed to have been built in the Islamic year 648 AH (1250 CE). Shajar al-Durr was notable for being the only female Muslim ruler in Egyptian history and for playing a crucial role in the transition from Ayyubid rule to Mamluk rule. The mausoleum serves as the formal resting place of the queen and commemorates her legacy. Architectural features of this structure, along with the broader architectural patronage of Shajar al-Durr, influenced future Mamluk architecture.

Al-Muazzam Turanshah
Turanshah, also Turan Shah (Arabic: توران شاه), (? – 2 May 1250), (epithet: al-Malik al-Muazzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah (Arabic: الملك المعظم غياث الدين توران شاه)) was a ruler of Egypt, a son of Sultan As-Salih Ayyub. A  member of the Ayyubid Dynasty, he became Sultan of Egypt for a brief period in 1249–50.
Blinky Bill the Movie
Blinky Bill the Movie is a 2015 animated adventure comedy film based on the Blinky Bill character created by Dorothy Wall for a children's book series in 1933. The film was produced by Flying Bark Productions and partly distributed and co-produced by Assemblage Entertainment and Telegael.

Flying Bark Productions
Flying Bark Productions Pty. Ltd. (formerly known as Yoram Gross Film Studios, Yoram Gross-Village Roadshow and Yoram Gross-EM.TV) is an Australian entertainment and animation studio that is a subsidiary of Belgian production company Studio 100. The studio acts as a full-service production facility across feature films, television and an assorted range of digital content. The studio was established by Yoram and Sandra Gross in 1967 as Yoram Gross Film Studios, and its stake was acquired by Australian media group Village Roadshow in 1996 before their stake was sold to German media & entertainment company EM.TV & Merchandising.
Charles Sheeler
Charles Sheeler (July 16, 1883 – May 7, 1965) was an American artist known for his Precisionist paintings, commercial photography, and the 1921 avant-garde film, Manhatta, which he made in collaboration with Paul Strand. Sheeler is recognized as one of the early adopters of modernism in American art.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Geraldine Peten
Geraldine Peten (December 14, 1947 – December 13, 2023) was an American politician who served in the Arizona House of Representatives, representing District 4. She was appointed by the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors in 2017 to replace former representative Jesus Rubalcava. Peten was a Democrat and was the seatmate of the Democratic Leader of the Arizona House of Representatives Charlene Fernandez.

The Arizona Capitol Times interviewed her in August 2017. An educator, she was African American.

Peten died on December 13, 2023, just one day shy of turning 76.

Charlene Fernandez
Charlene Fernandez (née Ramos; born February 24, 1955) is an American politician who is the Leader of the Arizona Democratic Party. She formerly served as the Democratic leader of the Arizona House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. She was first elected to the state House in 2014 and represents Southwestern Arizona, specifically, the majority of Yuma County, western Pima County, southwestern Maricopa County and southwestern Pinal County. She resigned on November 15, 2021 to take a position at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her son Brian Fernandez was appointed by the Yuma County, Arizona Board of Supervisors to succeed her in the Arizona House of Representatives.