hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Motor pool (neuroscience)
A motor pool consists of all individual motor neurons that innervate a single muscle. Each individual muscle fiber is innervated by only one motor neuron, but one motor neuron may innervate several muscle fibers. This distinction is physiologically significant because the size of a given motor pool determines the activity of the muscle it innervates: for example, muscles responsible for finer movements are innervated by motor pools consisting of higher numbers of individual motor neurons. Motor pools are also distinguished by the different classes of motor neurons that they contain. The size, composition, and anatomical location of each motor pool is tightly controlled by complex developmental pathways.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
Shilikchey
Shilikchey is a village in Kargil district of the Union territory of Ladakh in India. It is located 5 km away from the Kargil Town, on the right bank of the Suru River. According to 2009 stats, Shelikchey is the gram panchayat of Shilikchey village.

The total geographical area in which this village is expanded is 60.3 hectares. Shilikchey has a total population of 1,006 people. There are about 134 families residing in Shilikchey village. Kargil is the nearest town to Shilikchey which is nearly 5 km away.

Kargil
Kargil (English: /ˈkɑrɡɪl/ KAR-ghil, Hindi: [kaːɾɡɪl]) or Kargyil is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the joint capital of Ladakh, an Indian-administered union territory. It is also the headquarters of the Kargil district. It is the second-largest urban centre in Ladakh after Leh. Kargil is located 204 kilometres (127 mi) east of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, and 234 kilometres (145 mi) to the west of Leh. It is on the bank of the Suru River near its confluence with the Wakha Rong river, the latter providing the most accessible route to Leh.
Cyrus G. Wiley
Cyrus Gilbert Wiley (August 13, 1881 – January 3, 1930) served as president of Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth from 1921 and until 1926. He succeeded the first president, Richard R. Wright.

Richard R. Wright
Richard Robert Wright Sr. (May 16, 1855 – July 2, 1947) was an American military officer, educator and college president, politician, civil rights advocate and banking entrepreneur. Among his many accomplishments, he founded a high school, a college, and a bank. He also founded the National Freedom Day Association in 1941.
Economics of English agriculture in the Middle Ages
The economics of English agriculture in the Middle Ages is the economic history of English agriculture from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509. England's economy was fundamentally agricultural throughout the period, though even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers. Norman institutions, including serfdom, were superimposed on an existing system of open fields.

Over the next five centuries the English agricultural economy grew but struggled to support the growing population, and then suffered an acute crisis, resulting in significant political and economic change.  By the end of the period, England would have  an economy dominated by rented farms, many controlled by the rising class of the gentry.

Welsh Marches
The Welsh Marches (Welsh: Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom.  The precise meaning of the term has varied at different periods.

The English term Welsh March (Medieval Latin: Marchia Walliae) was originally used in the Middle Ages to denote the marches between England and the Principality of Wales, in which Marcher lords had specific rights, exercised to some extent independently of the king of England.  In modern usage, "the Marches" is often used to describe those English counties which lie along the border with Wales, particularly Shropshire and Herefordshire, and sometimes adjoining areas of Wales. However, at one time the Marches included all of the historic counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire.
Row hammer
Rowhammer (also written as row hammer or RowHammer) is a computer security exploit that takes advantage of an unintended and undesirable side effect in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) in which memory cells interact electrically between themselves by leaking their charges, possibly changing the contents of nearby memory rows that were not addressed in the original memory access. This circumvention of the isolation between DRAM memory cells results from the high cell density in modern DRAM, and can be triggered by specially crafted memory access patterns that rapidly activate the same memory rows numerous times.

The Rowhammer effect has been used in some privilege escalation computer security exploits, and network-based attacks are also theoretically possible.

Different hardware-based techniques exist to prevent the Rowhammer effect from occurring, including required support in some processors and types of DRAM memory modules.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
City of Darwin
The City of Darwin is a local government area of the Northern Territory, Australia.  It includes the central business district of the capital, Darwin City, and represents two-thirds of its metropolitan population. Located on the traditional land and waterways of the Larrakia people, the city now covers an area of 111 square kilometres (43 sq mi) and, in June 2018, had a population of 84,613 people.

Larrakia people
The Larrakia people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people in and around Darwin in the Northern Territory.  The Larrakia, who refer to themselves as "Saltwater People", have a vibrant traditional society based on a close relationship with the sea and trade with neighbouring groups such as the Tiwi, Wadjiginy and Djerimanga. These groups share ceremonies and songlines, and intermarry.
Symphony No. 20 (Myaskovsky)
Nikolai Myaskovsky's Symphony No. 20 in E major, his Op. 50, was written in 1940.  It is dedicated to Yuri Shaporin. The symphony was premiered on 28 November 1940 by Nikolai Golovanov conducting the Large All-Union Radio SO. It has three movements:

Allegro con spirito (ca. 8 minutes)

Adagio, in C major (ca. 9 minutes, initial tempo quarter note=52)

Allegro inquieto, in E minor (ca. 10 minutes, initial tempo half note=104)

The first movement is in sonata form.  The Adagio is on two themes, in C and in A♭, which appear contrapuntally at the reappearance of the first; it has the form A-B (l'Istesso tempo, Andantino)-A'-B'-coda.  The finale is a rondo whose E major concluding pages incorporate a climactic reappearance by the main theme of the Adagio, leading Richard Taruskin to remark of this symphony that it is Myaskovsky's "Land of Hope and Glory".

E major
E major is a major scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, and D♯. Its key signature has four sharps. Its relative minor is C-sharp minor and its parallel minor is E minor. Its enharmonic equivalent, F-flat major, has six flats and the double-flat B, which makes that key less convenient to use.

The E major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23
Side Pawn Capture Pawn*23 (横歩取り☖2三歩 yokofudori ni-san fu) or Side Pawn Capture B*25 (横歩取り☖2五角 yokofudori ni-go kaku) is variation stemming from the Side Pawn Capture opening, in which White drops a pawn on the second file before trading off pawns on the eighth file leading Black to capture White's Side Pawn. After this, White initiates a rapid attack against Black's rook starting from a bishop drop on the second file.

This is an older variation of the Side Pawn opening that has become disfavored since White's rapid attack is considered ineffective.

Shogi opening
A shogi opening (戦法 senpō) is the sequence of initial moves of a shogi game before the middle game. The more general Japanese term for the beginning of the game is joban (序盤).

A jōseki (定跡) is the especially recommended sequence of moves for a given opening that was considered balanced play at one point in time for both sides by professional players. (However, some jōsekis have become outdated when they are reevaluated to no longer give balanced play.) Jōsekis also typically include commentary about the possible reasons to deviate from the jōseki especially regarding blunders.

Note that not all openings have jōsekis. For example, trap openings like Demon Slayer, while they may have standard moves, are considered to favor one player and are not balanced play. Thus, the Demon Slayer opening is not a jōseki.
Bee Hive, Alabama
Bee Hive, also spelled Beehive, is an unincorporated community in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Columbus, Georgia-Alabama Metropolitan Area. Originally named for an apiary located along Wire Road near the Macon County line, the Bee Hive community now lies near the southwestern periphery of Auburn's city limits. It is the birthplace of James D. Edmondson. A post office operated under the name Beehive from 1896 to 1902.

Columbus metropolitan area, Georgia
The Columbus metropolitan area, officially the Columbus metropolitan statistical area, and colloquially known as Greater Columbus or the Chattahoochee Valley, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of six counties in the U.S. state of Georgia and one county in Alabama, anchored by the city of Columbus.

At the 2020 U.S. census, the Columbus area had a population of 328,883; in 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the Columbus MSA's population to be 324,110.

The Columbus metropolitan area is a component of the Columbus-Auburn-Opelika (GA-AL) combined statistical area, a trading and marketing region. It is split between the eastern time zone, the time zone of the Georgia metropolitan counties, and central time zone, the time zone of Russell County, Alabama. The Columbus metropolitan area is one of two metropolitan areas split between multiple time zones, with the other being the Chattanooga metropolitan area in Tennessee.
Wroxeter
Wroxeter (/ˈrɒksətər/ ROK-sit-ər) is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wroxeter and Uppington, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England. It is beside the River Severn, 5 miles (8.0 km) east-south-east of Shrewsbury. In 1961 the parish had a population of 657.

Viroconium Cornoviorum, the fourth largest city in Roman Britain, was sited here, and is gradually being excavated. In 2024, archaeologists uncovered a 2,000-year-old mosaic depicting dolphins and fish.

The village contains one of Shropshire's commercial vineyards.

Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.

Most Roman cities had at least one – if not many – such buildings, which were centers not only for bathing, but socializing and reading as well. Bathhouses were also provided for wealthy private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or within cities by aqueduct. The water would be heated by fire then channelled into the caldarium (hot bathing room). The design of baths is discussed by Vitruvius in De architectura (V.10).
Museum of Greek Folk Musical Instruments
The Museum of Greek Folk Musical Instruments (Greek: Μουσείο Ελληνικών Λαϊκών Μουσικών Οργάνων), is a museum and  Research Centre for Ethnomusicology in the Lassanis Mansion, Plaka, Athens, Greece. It displays about 600 Greek musical instruments from the last 300 years and has as many more in store.

Laouto
The laouto (Greek: λαούτο, pl. laouta λαούτα) is a long-neck fretted instrument of the lute family, found in Greece and Cyprus, and similar in appearance to the oud. It has four double-strings. It is played in most respects like the oud (plucked with a long plectrum); in Cyprus the laouto is plucked with a feather. This instrument is known in Albania as "llautë" (indefinite form) or "llauta" (definite form), and in Romania as "lăuta".
Royal Geographical Society of South Australia
The Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (RGSSA), is a voluntary, community-based learned society based in Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 1885 to promote the advancement of all aspects of geographical science, the Society has 342 members (2024), with its activities engaging the public through publications, lectures, public forums, awards, exhibitions, excursions and field trips, monument restoration, and its extensive library.

John Langdon Bonython
Sir John Langdon Bonython KCMG (/bɒˈnaɪθən/; 15 October 1848 – 22 October 1939) was an Australian editor, newspaper proprietor, philanthropist, journalist and politician who served as a member of the inaugural federal Parliament, and was editor of the Adelaide daily morning broadsheet, The Advertiser, for 35 years.
1967 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1967 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 32nd staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 29 January 1967.

The final was played on 27 August 1967 at Wolfe Tone Park in Bantry, between Urhan and Millstreet, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Urhan won the match by 2-15 to 2-06 to claim their first ever championship title.

1909 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 5 December 1909 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Cobh and C.Y.M.S., in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cobh won the match by 5–13 to 0–04 to claim their first ever championship title.
Redding Rancheria
The Redding Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe with a reservation in Shasta County, Northern California. The 31-acre  site (13 ha) of the Redding Rancheria was purchased in 1922 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in order to provide Indigenous peoples with a place to camp and live. They had been made landless by European-American settlers in the area. Three groups of Native Americans in the area organized as a tribe and were recognized in 1979.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
Parse.ly
Parse.ly is a technology company that provides web analytics and content optimization software for online publishers.  Parse.ly built three products, the Parse.ly Reader, the Parse.ly Publisher Platform, and the latest Parse.ly Dash, an analytics tool for large publishers.

Web analytics
Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of web data to understand and optimize web usage. Web analytics is not just a process for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool for business and market research and assess and improve website effectiveness. Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns. It can be used to estimate how traffic to a website changes after launching a new advertising campaign. Web analytics provides information about the number of visitors to a website and the number of page views, or creates user behaviour profiles. It helps gauge traffic and popularity trends, which is useful for market research.
Gold Collar
The Gold Collar is a Greyhound racing competition. It was inaugurated in 1933 at Catford Stadium.

Following the closure of Catford in 2003 the competition switched to Belle Vue Stadium but only lasted until 2009 when it was discontinued. Six years later the competition was resurrected by Crayford Stadium from 2015 to 2024 but with the closure of Crayford Stadium, it then switched to Brighton & Hove in 2025.

Ladbrokes Coral
Ladbrokes Coral is a British gambling company. Its product offering includes sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo. The Ladbrokes portion of the group was established in 1886, and Coral in 1926. In November 2016, the companies merged to create Ladbrokes Coral Group. Since March 2018, it has been owned by Entain. Prior to its sale, Ladbrokes Coral was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a member of the FTSE 250 Index.
Kōji Nakata
Kōji Nakata (中田 浩二, Nakata Kōji; born 9 July 1979) is a Japanese former professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder. At international level, he represented the Japan national team at both the 2002, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

2012 J.League Cup
The 2012 J.League Cup, also known as the 2012 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup for sponsoring purposes, was the 37th edition of the most prestigious Japanese soccer league cup tournament and the 20th edition under the current J.League Cup format.

Kashima Antlers became the winners for two straight years and qualify for the 2013 Suruga Bank Championship.
2003 Canarian regional election
The 2003 Canarian regional election was held on Sunday, 25 May 2003, to elect the 6th Parliament of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands. All 60 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

2003 Spanish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Spain during 2003 to elect the regional parliaments of fourteen of the seventeen autonomous communities: Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, the Valencian Community; and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. 927 of 1,186 seats in the regional parliaments were up for election, as well as the 50 seats in the regional assemblies of the autonomous cities. The elections were held on 25 May for most regions (concurrently with local elections all across the country), on 26 October for a repeat election in Madrid, and on 16 November in Catalonia.
2017 Copa Ciudad de Tigre
The 2017 Copa Ciudad de Tigre was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tigre, Argentina between 14 and 19 March 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Masan Baseball Stadium
Masan Baseball Stadium is a baseball stadium in Changwon, South Korea. The stadium has an all-seated capacity of 11,000. The KBO League club Lotte Giants played a handful of their home games in this stadium each season as their secondary stadium until 2010 (with the majority of their games being played at Sajik Baseball Stadium). Masan Baseball Stadium was the home stadium of the NC Dinos between 2012 and 2018, when they moved to the newly built Changwon Baseball Stadium.

NC Dinos
The NC Dinos (Korean: NC 다이노스) are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Changwon. They are a member of the KBO League. Since 2019, their home stadium is Changwon NC Park. NC Dinos are owned by video game developer NCSoft Corporation.
New York, Tyne and Wear
New York is a suburban village in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, North East England. Approximately 4 miles from Whitley Bay, and 5 miles from the town of Tynemouth, it locally governed as part of the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside. It was named after New York, following the British capture of the city in 1777.

Tynemouth
Tynemouth (/ˈtaɪnmaʊθ/) is a coastal town in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in Tyne and Wear, England. Historically the easternmost town in Northumberland, it is located on the north side of the mouth of the River Tyne, hence its name. It is eight miles (13 kilometres) east-northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne. The medieval Tynemouth Priory and Castle stand on a headland overlooking both the mouth of the river and the North Sea, with the town centre lying immediately west of the headland.

Until 1974, the town was a county borough which included the nearby town of North Shields.

At the 2021 census the Tynemouth built-up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which also includes North Shields) had a population of 60,605. The population of Tynemouth itself at the 2021 census was 10,256.
Riqueuria
Riqueuria is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It only contains one known species, Riqueuria avenia Ruiz & Pav.

It is native to Peru, and is found in groves or forests.

The genus name Riqueuria is in honour of Ludovico Riqueur (d. 1737), a court apothecary during the time of Philip V of Spain and a cultivator of exotic trees. The reason for the Latin specific epithet of avenia has not been published. It was first described and published in Flora Peruvia Prodrom on page 18 in 1794. The species was published in Flora Peruvia Vol. 1 on page 70 in 1798.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).