hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tach timer
The tach(ometer) timer is an instrument used in aviation to accumulate the total number of revolutions performed by the engine.  The unit of measure is equivalent to the number of hours of running at a certain, specific reference speed of rotation.  If the reference speed of rotation is 2400 RPM then the timer runs in real time when the engine is running at 2400 RPM, half speed while the engine is run at 1200 RPM (a fast idle for some aviation engines) or at 5/6ths real time at 2000 RPM (a slow cruise speed).
The tach timer integrates over time the instantaneous rotation speed displayed by the tachometer.  The displayed number is incremented by one if the engine is run at its reference speed for one hour.  The quantity recorded is referred to as tach(ometer) hours.  If the reference rotation speed is 2400 RPM then the tach timer records

Tachometer
A tachometer (revolution-counter, tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are increasingly common.

The word comes from Ancient Greek  τάχος (táchos) 'speed' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'. Essentially the words tachometer and speedometer have identical meaning: a device that measures speed. It is by arbitrary convention that in the automotive world one is used for engine revolutions and the other for vehicle speed. In formal engineering nomenclature, more precise terms are used to distinguish the two.
1997 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1997 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 31 December 1996, to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1997 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Cook Islands, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Christopher and Nevis.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Roland Rino Büchel
Roland Rino Büchel (born 8 October 1965) is a Swiss business executive and politician. He currently serves as member of the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party (Switzerland's largest party) since 2010, as well as a Member of the Bureau of the Swiss National Council, and as a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Oromocto-Sunbury
Oromocto-Sunbury is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was created largely out of Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton, while also including eastern portions of New Maryland-Sunbury, and a part of Fundy-The Isles-Saint John West.

Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton
Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  It was first contested in the 2014 general election, created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries from portions of the former ridings of Oromocto and Fredericton-Lincoln.

The district included all of the Town of Oromocto, the unincorporated community of Lincoln and CFB Gagetown, as well as a significant portion of the City of Fredericton.  The riding was named Oromocto-Lincoln from 2014 to 2017 until it was renamed to recognize the significant portion of Fredericton contained in the riding.
Textual variants in the Primary Chronicle
Textual variants in the Primary Chronicle manuscripts of the Kievan Rus' arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism (or textology) of the Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years (Old East Slavic: Повѣсть времѧньныхъ лѣтъ, romanized: Pověstĭ vremęnĭnyxŭ lětŭ, commonly abbreviated PVL) has included study of its textual variants.

Coele-Syria
Coele-Syria (Ancient Greek: Κοίλη Συρία, romanized: Koílē Syría, lit. 'Hollow Syria') was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. The term originally referred to the "hollow" Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon mountain ranges, but sometimes it was applied to a broader area of the region of Syria. The area is now part of modern-day Syria and Lebanon.
51823 Rickhusband
51823 Rickhusband (provisional designation 2001 OY28) is a dark Lixiaohua asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 18 July 2001, by astronomers of the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named after American astronaut Rick Husband, who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) was a program run by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, surveying the sky for near-Earth objects. NEAT was conducted from December 1995 until April 2007, at GEODSS on Hawaii (Haleakala-NEAT; 566), as well as at Palomar Observatory in California (Palomar-NEAT; 644). With the discovery of more than 40,000 minor planets, NEAT has been one of the most successful programs in this field, comparable to the Catalina Sky Survey, LONEOS and Mount Lemmon Survey.

NEAT was the successor to the Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS).
2023 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The 2023 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada, Reno as a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wolf Pack were led by Ken Wilson in his second year as Nevada's head coach. They played their home games at Mackay Stadium in Reno, Nevada. Wilson was fired a week after the season ended. The Nevada Wolf Pack football team drew an average home attendance of 16,998 in 2023.

Mackay Stadium
Mackay Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the western United States, located on the campus of the University of Nevada in Reno, Nevada. The home venue for Nevada Wolf Pack football and women's soccer in the Mountain West Conference. it is named in honor of the Mackay family, particularly John William Mackay and his son Clarence H. Mackay, who donated funding to build the original stadium in 1909.
Set-theoretic topology
In mathematics, set-theoretic topology is a subject that combines set theory and general topology. It focuses on topological questions that can be solved using set-theoretic methods, for example, Suslin's problem.

Separable space
In mathematics, a topological space is called separable if it contains a countable dense subset; that is, there exists a sequence  of elements of the space such that every nonempty open subset of the space contains at least one element of the sequence.

Like the other axioms of countability, separability is a "limitation on size", not necessarily in terms of cardinality (though, in the presence of the Hausdorff axiom, this does turn out to be the case; see below) but in a more subtle topological sense.  In particular, every continuous function on a separable space whose image is a subset of a Hausdorff space is determined by its values on the countable dense subset.

Contrast separability with the related notion of second countability, which is in general stronger but equivalent on the class of metrizable spaces.
Punch Bowl Falls
Punch Bowl Falls is a waterfall on Eagle Creek in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, Oregon, United States. Eagle Creek drains into the Columbia River, with its outlet on the Columbia River Gorge in Multnomah County.

The falls is 35 feet (11 m) tall and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. Eagle Creek cuts through a narrow channel and shoots powerfully into a large bowl that resembles a punchbowl. This waterfall was responsible for the waterfall classification type of punchbowl.

These falls are not to be confused with another set of falls with the same name, found in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada near Miette Hot Springs.

In 2017, the cliff on the left side of the creek collapsed between Punch Bowl and Lower Punch Bowl Falls. Debris from the landslide changed the stream's flow between waterfalls.

A little up the river, there is a dilapidated wooden staircase leading to a concrete fish ladder.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
Fort Shaw Indian School Girls Basketball Team
The Fort Shaw Indian School Girls Basketball Team was made up of seven Native American students from various tribes who attended the Fort Shaw Indian Boarding School in Fort Shaw, Montana, United States. They became World Champions at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition (more commonly known as the St. Louis World Fair) by defeating basketball teams from across the United States and world.

Assiniboine
The Assiniboine (/əˈsɪnɪbɔɪn/ ə-SIN-ih-boyn) are an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains. They are a First Nations in Canada, where they primarily live in Saskatchewan, with some living in Alberta and southwestern Manitoba, and they are a Native American people in the United States, where they primarily live in northern Montana, with some living in western North Dakota.

In the 18th century, the Assiniboine were part of the Iron Confederacy with the Cree.
Demographics of Peru
This is a demography of the population of Peru including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Peru is a multiethnic country, which means that it is home to people of many different historical backgrounds. Therefore, it is a multicultural country as well. Since it is a multiethnic society, Peruvian people usually treat their nationality as a citizenship instead of an ethnicity. The Peruvian census does not contain information about ethnicity so only rough estimates are available.

Arab Peruvians
Arab Peruvians are Peruvian-born citizens who are of fully or partially of Arab descent, whose ancestors were Arabs who emigrated to Peru as part of the Arab diaspora or Arab-born people in Peru. Arab presence in Peru dates back to the Viceregal era, with later waves of immigration taking place in the context of major events, such as the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the Nakba.

The Arab diaspora has left its legacy in several aspects of Peruvian culture, such as in Lima's mudéjar-influenced architecture, as seen in the balconies of Lima; in food, as seen with alfajores, turrones, marzipans, alfeñiques, the mazamorra, among others; in dance, as seen with the sarabande and the zamba.
Thomas Rhea
Thomas Stockdale Rhea (1871–1946) was a Democratic politician from the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. He served as Kentucky State Treasurer in 1912 and was state highway commissioner in the administration of Governor Ruby Laffoon. Known as "The Sage of Russellville" or "The Gray Fox", Rhea was a powerful Democratic political boss in the state. He was an unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1935, losing to A. B. "Happy" Chandler in the Democratic primary.

James C. Klotter
James C. Klotter is an American historian who has served as the State Historian of Kentucky since 1980. Klotter is also a history professor at Georgetown College and one of the co-authors of Kentucky's staple history book, A New History of Kentucky.

Klotter received a Ph.D. in History from the University of Kentucky, and he has been awarded honorary degrees from Eastern Kentucky University and Union College. Klotter was the executive director of the Kentucky Historical Society for many years, and he was an associate editor of the Kentucky Encyclopedia. In 2015, the Boyd County High School chapter of the Rho Kappa National Social Studies Honor Society was named in his honor. In 2022, he was inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame for 2022 by the Carnegie Center for Literacy and Learning.

As of 2017, Klotter lives in Lexington, Kentucky.
1952–53 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season
The 1952–53 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team represented the University of Michigan in college ice hockey. In its ninth year under head coach Vic Heyliger, the team compiled a 17–7–0 record, outscored opponents 139 to 71, and won the 1953 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.  The season was the third consecutive, and the fourth overall under Vic Heyliger, in which the Michigan hockey team won the NCAA championship.  The team also finished the regular season in at tie with Minnesota as the co-champion of the Midwest Collegiate Hockey League.

1953 NCAA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1953 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1952–53 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the sixth such tournament in NCAA history. It was held from March 12 to 14, 1953, and concluded with Michigan defeating Minnesota 7-3. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Michigan's win capped off its third consecutive National Championship. As of 2018 no team has been able to match that achievement. Additionally, their 14 goals in the semifinal game against Boston University were the most ever for an NCAA tournament game, matched only by Minnesota in 1954. The Wolverines' goal differential (+16) is also a record for an NCAA tournament, equaling the record set by Colorado College in 1950 and matched by Wisconsin in 1983.

For the first time since the tournament began the 'Most Outstanding Player' was awarded to someone from the championship team.
Ocoee salamander
The ocoee salamander (Desmognathus ocoee) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. This salamander has a variety of colors and patterns, and got its name from Tennessee state wildflower. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater springs and wet rocks in mountainous areas of the Southeastern United States. It was first described by Nicholls in 1949. They are territorial and feed on small invertebrates. It is widely distributed in the southeastern United States and is listed as "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Desmognathus
Desmognathus is a genus of lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae known as dusky salamanders. They range throughout the eastern United States as far west as Texas, and north to southeastern Canada.
Janaki Sthan
Janaki Sthan ( Sanskrit: जानकी स्थान ) is a historical place related to the temple of Goddess Sita in the city of Sitamarhi. According to some scholars and saints, Janaki Sthan is claimed to be the place where Goddess Sita manifested in Ramayana. This temple is called Janaki Sthan Mandir. This temple is about 2 kilometers away from Sitamarhi Railway Station. It comes under Ramanuja tradition in Hinduism.

Pundrik Ashram
Pundrik Ashram  is a Hindu monastery related to the Vedic sage Pundrik. The sage Pundrik was an Indian sage mentioned in the Indian religious texts. He was born in a Brahmin family. He was an ascetic connoisseur of Vedas, lover of self-study, conqueror of senses and forgiving. He was committed to observance of cosmic-Vedic deeds. Pundrik Ashram is located at Punauradham in Sitamarhi district of Mithila region of Bihar. According to legend, Punauradham is considered as the penance place  of Pundrik Rishi.
2022 King's Cup
The 2022 Annual King's Cup Football Tournament (Thai: ฟุตบอลชิงถ้วยพระราชทานคิงส์คัพ 2022), commonly referred to as 2022 King's Cup, is the 48th King's Cup, the annual international men's football tournament organised by Football Association of Thailand. It is being held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 22 to 25 September 2022. Two matches were held on 22 September, the winners of which qualified for the final. The two other teams played the play-off for the 3rd spot.

As hosts, Thailand participated automatically in the tournament; they were joined by the CONCACAF team Trinidad and Tobago and AFC teams Tajikistan and Malaysia. In the final on 25 September, Tajikistan emerged victorious and clinched their first title, defeating Malaysia in penalty shootout.

Defending champions Curaçao did not participate.

King's Cup (Thailand)
The King's Cup is an international football tournament held in Thailand, organised by the Football Association of Thailand. The winner of the competition is given the royal trophy by the King of Thailand. The host, Thailand, is a participant in every edition. The tournament was founded in 1968, and has been held every year since, with the exception of 1983, 1985, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2020 and 2021.

In some years, the competition has featured club or invitational teams as well as international sides. Various prominent footballers have participated in this tournament, including Aymen Hussein, Cha Bum-kun, Sunil Chhetri, Peter Schmeichel, Jesper Olsen, Brian Laudrup, Cafu, Dida, Juninho, Rivaldo, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Henrik Larsson, Kamil Glik,  Robert Lewandowski, Martin Škrtel, Martin Dúbravka, Milan Škriniar, Stanislav Lobotka, Cuco Martina and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang. Since 2018, the King's Cup will only featured the senior national team.
Booby Cay (Bahamas)
Booby Cay is an island in the Bahamas that lies east of Mayaguana. The island is named after the brown booby population that resides on the island, along with native Cyclura species and invasive goats.

Mayaguana
Mayaguana (from Taíno language Mayaguana, meaning "Lesser Midwestern Land") is the easternmost island and district of The Bahamas. Its population was 277 in the 2010 census. It has an area of about 280 km2 (110 sq mi).

About 100 km (62 mi) north of Great Inagua and 560 km (350 mi) southeast of the capital Nassau, Mayaguana is considered the halfway point between South Florida and Puerto Rico and is about 830 km (520 mi) off Palm Beach, Florida. It is a popular stopover for boaters en-route to the eastern Caribbean.
HMS Hindostan (1795)
HMS Hindostan (later variously Hindustan) was a 56-gun fourth-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was originally the East Indiaman Hindostan, launched in 1789, that the Admiralty bought in 1795. She is known for two events, her voyage to China between 1792 and 1794 when she carried Lord Macartney on a special embassy to China, and her loss in a fire at sea in 1804.

Gulf of Lion
The Gulf of Lion or Gulf of Lions is a wide embayment of the Mediterranean coastline of Catalonia in Spain with Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence in France, extending from Begur in the west to Toulon in the east.

The chief port on the gulf is Marseille. Toulon is another important port. The fishing industry in the gulf is based on hake (Merluccius merluccius), being bottom-trawled, long-lined and gill-netted and currently declining from overfishing.

Rivers that empty into the gulf include the Tech, Têt, Aude, Orb, Hérault, Vidourle, and the Rhône.

The continental shelf is exposed here as a wide coastal plain, and the offshore terrain slopes rapidly to the Mediterranean's abyssal plain. Much of the coastline is composed of lagoons and salt marsh.

This is the area of the cold, blustery winds called the Mistral and the Tramontane.
Qanater Prison Complex
Qanater Prison (Sijn al-Qanāṭir) is a major prison complex located in the Qalyubia Governorate of Egypt, approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of Cairo. Historically, it has served as the primary facility for female detainees in Egypt, housing both criminal and political prisoners. The complex also includes a men's prison, which functions largely as a detention center for foreign nationals and asylum seekers facing deportation.

The prison is culturally significant in the Arab world as the setting for seminal works of Adab al-Sujūn (Prison Literature), particularly memoirs written by prominent feminists and intellectuals detained during the presidencies of Gamal Abdel Nasser and]. Since 2023, reports indicate that the Egyptian authorities have begun transferring female inmates from Qanater to the newly constructed 10th of Ramadan Rehabilitation Center.

Nawal El Saadawi
Nawal El Saadawi (Arabic: نوال السعداوي, ALA-LC: Nawāl as-Sa'adāwī, 22 October 1931 – 21 March 2021) was an Egyptian feminist writer, activist and physician. She wrote numerous books on the subject of women in Islam, focusing on the concerns of women in the Global South pertaining to sexuality, patriarchy, class, and colonialism.

She was founder and president of the Arab Women's Solidarity Association and co-founder of the Arab Association for Human Rights. She was awarded honorary degrees on three continents. In 2004, she won the North–South Prize from the Council of Europe. In 2005, she won the Inana International Prize in Belgium, and in 2012, the International Peace Bureau awarded her the 2012 Seán MacBride Peace Prize.
Seq2seq
Seq2seq is a family of machine learning approaches used for natural language processing. Originally developed by Dr. Lê Viết Quốc, a Vietnamese computer scientist and a machine learning pioneer at Google Brain, this framework has become foundational in many modern AI systems. Applications include language translation, image captioning, conversational models, speech recognition, and text summarization.
Seq2seq uses sequence transformation: it turns one sequence into another sequence.

Softmax function
The softmax function, also known as softargmax: 184  or normalized exponential function,: 198  converts a tuple of K real numbers into a probability distribution over K possible outcomes. It is a generalization of the logistic function to multiple dimensions, and is used in multinomial logistic regression. The softmax function is often used as the last activation function of a neural network to normalize the output of a network to a probability distribution over predicted output classes.