hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middle kingdoms of India
The Middle Kingdoms of India were the political entities that existed on the Indian subcontinent from 230 BCE to 1206 CE. The period began with the decline of the Maurya Empire and the corresponding rise of the Satavahana dynasty, initiated by Simuka in the 1st century BCE. The “middle” period lasted for over 1,200 years and concluded in 1206 CE with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the gradual decline of the Later Cholas, the last of whom, Rajendra Chola III, died in 1279 CE.

This period encompasses two eras: Classical India, from the Maurya Empire up until the end of the Gupta Empire in 500 CE, and early Medieval India from 500 CE onwards. It also encompasses the era of classical Hinduism, which is dated from 200 BCE to 1100 CE. From 1 CE until 1000 CE, India's economy is estimated to have been the largest in the world, having between one-third and one-quarter of the world's wealth. This period was followed by the late Medieval period in the 13th century.

Kathiawar
Kathiawar (Gujarati: [kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]), also known as Saurashtra (Gujarati: [sɔɾɑʂʈrə]), is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi). It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of the state and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century. It was formerly a state of India.
469705 ǂKá̦gára
469705 ǂKá̦gára (provisional designation 2005 EF298) is a trans-Neptunian object and binary system of the core Kuiper belt, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 11 March 2005 by American astronomer Marc Buie at the Kitt Peak Observatory in Arizona. The primary body measures around 140 kilometers (90 miles) in diameter. Its 120-kilometer (75-mile) companion ǃHãunu was discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2009. The ǂKá̦gára–ǃHãunu system is currently undergoing mutual occultation and eclipsing events in which one body casts a shadow on or obstructs the view of the other as seen from Earth.

ǀXam language
ǀXam (pronounced [ǀ͡xam] ⓘ, in English as /ˈkɑːm/ KAHM) is an extinct language (or possibly cluster of languages) from South Africa formerly spoken by the ǀXam-ka ǃʼē people. It is part of the ǃUi branch of the Tuu languages and closely related to the moribund Nǁng language. Its last speakers died in the 1910s.

Much of the scholarly work on ǀXam was performed by Wilhelm Bleek, a German linguist of the 19th century, who studied a variety of ǀXam spoken at Achterveld, and (with Lucy Lloyd) another spoken at Strandberg and Katkop while working with ǁKabbo, Diaǃkwāin, ǀAǃkúṅta, ǃKweiten-ta-ǁKen, ǀHaṅǂkassʼō and other speakers. The surviving corpus of ǀXam comes from the stories told by and vocabulary recorded from these individuals in the Bleek and Lloyd Collection.
Sejm Constituency no. 14
Nowy Sącz, officially known as Constituency no. 14, is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It elects ten members of the Sejm.

The seat of the constituency's electoral commission is in Nowy Sącz.

Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sącz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈsɔnt͡ʂ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Újszandec; Yiddish: צאַנז, romanized: Tsanz; Slovak: Nový Sonč) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. With a population of 83,116 as of 2021, it is the largest city in the Beskid Sądecki Region as well as the third most populous city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Notre Dame, Our Mother
"Notre Dame, Our Mother" is the official song of the University of Notre Dame, a private Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The song is addressed to "Notre Dame", a reference to both the university and its patroness and namesake, Mary, the Mother of Jesus. Joseph Casasanta, a 1923 Notre Dame graduate, composed the song. It was first performed publicly in fall 1931.

Charles O'Donnell, president of the university at the time of composition, wrote the song's lyrics in honor of Mary. It is part of the post-game show of the Band of the Fighting Irish and is the traditional conclusion to Notre Dame sporting events and major religious services.

Band of the Fighting Irish
The Band of the Fighting Irish is the marching band of the University of Notre Dame. Nicknamed America's First, America's Best, the band has been in continuous existence since 1845. The band has since grown to include over 300 members, representing nearly every field of study and over 40 states. The Band of the Fighting Irish is composed of students from the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. The band, along with the famed Irish Guard, are considered integral parts of the pageantry and legend of Notre Dame Football. Led by the eight members of the guard, the Band of the Fighting Irish has performed at every home game since the football program's founding in 1887.
Utstein Style
The Utstein Style is a set of guidelines for uniform reporting of cardiac arrest. The Utstein Style was first proposed for emergency medical services in 1991.  The name derives from a 1990 conference of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Academy
of Anesthesiology, the European Society for Intensive Care Medicine, and related national societies, held at the Utstein Abbey on the island of Mosterøy, Norway.

Examples of cardiac arrest registries based on the Utstein Style include the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, Save Hearts in Arizona Registry and Education, and the National Registry of CardioPulmonary Resuscitation.

Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium
The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) is a network of eleven regional clinical centers and a data coordinating center. The consortium conducts experimental and observational studies of out-of-hospital treatments of cardiac arrest and trauma. 
Ten communities in the United States and Canada doing uniform quality improvement, clinical trials, and tracking of cardiac arrest and major trauma. The network is coordinated by the University of Washington Clinical Trial Center.  ROC is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Defence Research and Development Canada, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and American Heart Association.
Lenin Garden, Ufa
Lenin Gardens (Bashkir: Ленин баҡсаһы, Lenin baqsahy) was one of the first urban public parks in Ufa, Russia. The park is located in the city center, near the Belaya river and facing Governor's House, currently the home of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan; Republic House, the Bashkortostan seat of government; and the Bashkir Academic Drama Theater Mazhit Gafuri. In May 2022, the city began consideration of restoring the park's original name, Ushakovsky Park.

Governor's House, Ufa
The Governor's House (Russian: Дом губернатора, romanized: Dom gubernatora) is an historic neoclassical building on the corner of Tukayeva Street and Sovetskaya Street (formerly Gubernatorskaya Street), Ufa, the capital city of Bashkortostan, Russia.  From the 1860s to the October Revolution of 1917, the house was the residence of the local governor.  During the Soviet era, it was initially the headquarters of the Ufa Soviet, and was later occupied by medical institutions.  Since 1999, it has housed the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
1975 U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships
The 1975 U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament held at the Wicomico Youth and Civic Center in Salisbury, Maryland. The event was part of the 1975 USLTA-IPA Indoor Circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from February 10 through February 16, 1975, and played on indoor carpet courts. Second-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and earned $9,000 first-prize money.

Salisbury, Maryland
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bə-ree) is a city in and the county seat of Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. Salisbury is the largest city in the state's Eastern Shore region, with a population of 33,050 at the 2020 census. Salisbury is the principal city of the Salisbury, Maryland Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is a commercial hub of the Delmarva Peninsula.
Taddesse Tamrat
Taddesse Tamrat (Amharic: ታደሰ ታምራት; 4 August 1935 – 23 May 2013) was an Ethiopian historian and scholar of Ethiopian studies. He is best known as the author of Church and State in Ethiopia  1270–1520 (1972, Oxford University Press ISBN 0198216718), a book which has dominated the field of Ethiopian studies.

Addis Ababa University
Addis Ababa University (Amharic: አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ; AAU) is a national university located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the oldest university in Ethiopia. AAU has thirteen campuses. Twelve of these are situated in Addis Ababa, and one is located in Bishoftu, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) away. AAU has several associated research institutions including the Institute of Ethiopian Studies. The Ministry of Education admits qualified students to AAU based on their score on the Ethiopian University Entrance Examination (EUEE).
1990 Women's Softball World Championship
The 1990 ISF Women's World Championship for softball was held July 13–21, 1990 in Normal, Illinois, United States.  The host United States won their second straight title after the event's final was rained out.  The U.S. was given the title due to a superior ranking than the other finalist, New Zealand, in pool play.

Normal, Illinois
Normal is a town in McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 52,736 at the 2020 census. Normal is the smaller of two principal cities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, and is Illinois's seventh most populous community outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is home to Illinois State University and Heartland Community College.

Founded in 1865, it was renamed Normal in 1867, because the university when it began was focused on educating teachers (a normal institute), Illinois State Normal University. Chris Koos has been the mayor of Normal since 2003.
Coreglia Antelminelli
Coreglia Antelminelli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lucca.

Coreglia Antelminelli borders the following municipalities: Abetone Cutigliano, Bagni di Lucca, Barga, Borgo a Mozzano, Fiumalbo, Gallicano, Pievepelago. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Amherst Regional High School (Nova Scotia)
Amherst Regional High School (ARHS) is located in Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada. The school delivers classes from grade 9 to 12 as well as the Career Exploration Program (CEP) and hosts the largest allocation of NSISP (Nova Scotia International Student Program) students in Nova Scotia.

The first ARHS location opened in 1893 on Spring Street. It closed in 2000 when the "new" Amherst Regional High School opened on Willow Street. The new ARHS was the last of the "Private Partner" schools in Nova Scotia.

The new location includes a regulation high school gymnasium and a 493-seat auditorium.

Amherst, Nova Scotia
Amherst (/ˈæmɜːrst/ AM-urst) is a town in northwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, located at the northeast end of the Cumberland Basin, an arm of the Bay of Fundy, and 22 km (14 mi) south of the Northumberland Strait. The town sits on a height of land at the eastern boundary of the Isthmus of Chignecto and Tantramar Marshes, 3 km (1.9 mi) east of the interprovincial border with New Brunswick and 65 km (40 mi) southeast of the city of Moncton.  It is 60 km (37 mi) southwest of the New Brunswick abutment of the Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island at Cape Jourimain.
Ryan Jarrett
Ryan Jarrett (born December 28, 1983), is an American professional rodeo cowboy who specializes in tie-down roping and competes in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) circuit. At the 2005 National Finals Rodeo (NFR), he won the PRCA All-Around world championship. He competed in steer wrestling, tie-down roping, and team roping during the season and at the NFR to win the title.

He was inducted into the Rodeo Hall of Fame of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 2010.

Steer wrestling
Steer wrestling, also known as bulldogging, is a rodeo event in which a horse-mounted rider chases a steer, drops from the horse to the steer, then wrestles the steer to the ground by grabbing its horns and pulling it off-balance so that it falls to the ground. The event carries a high risk of injury to the cowboy. Some concerns from the animal-rights community express that the competition may include practices that constitute cruelty to animals, but the injury rate to animals is less than 0.05%. A later PRCA survey of 60,971 animal performances at 198 rodeo performances and 73 sections of "slack" indicated 27 animals were injured, again around 0.05%.
Avitohol
Avitohol (153–353?) is the first name in the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans. Little is known about him. According to the document he is from the Dulo clan and most probably was considered and respected as the forefather of the khans.
Some researchers claim that Avitohol was identical with Attila the Hun who was succeeded by his son Ernak or Irnik (the second name mentioned in the Nominalia). Others suggests that Avitohol was a semi-legendary ruler who may have been either a descendant or an ancestor of Attila (see Dulo clan).

Ernak
Ernak was the last known ruler of the Huns, and the third son of Attila. After Attila's death in AD 453, his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He succeeded his older brother Ellac in AD 454, and probably ruled simultaneously over Huns in dual kingship with his brother Dengizich, but in separate divisions in separate lands.

Priscus, during his stay at Attila's court in AD 448 or 449, recorded a personal occasion between Attila and Ernak. At a banquet Attila looked on him with serene eyes, while taking small account of his other sons. He was Attila's favorite son, because as a certain Hun explained to him, the Hunnic prophets prophesied his genos would fail, but would be restored by this son.

Ernak has often been identified with Irnik from the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, who is noted as a descendant of the Dulo clan and leader of the Bulgars for 150 years, starting approximately from AD 437.
Chickasaw Wars
The Chickasaw Wars were fought in the first half of the 18th century between the Chickasaw allied with the British against the French and their allies the Choctaws, Quapaw, and Illinois Confederation. The Province of Louisiana extended from Illinois to New Orleans, and the French fought to secure their communications along the Mississippi River. The Chickasaw, dwelling in northern Mississippi and western Tennessee, lay across the French path. Much to the eventual advantage of the British and the later United States, the Chickasaw successfully held their ground. The wars came to an end only with the French cession of New France to the British in 1763 according to terms of the Treaty of Paris.

Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, following Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

The signing of the treaty formally ended the conflict between France and Great Britain over control of North America (the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the United States), and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of France's possessions in North America. Additionally, Great Britain agreed not to seek to eradicate Roman Catholicism in the New World. The treaty did not involve Prussia and Austria, as they signed a separate agreement, the Treaty of Hubertusburg, five days later.
Polypterus bichir
Polypterus bichir, the Nile bichir, is a fish which lives in the Nile and some of its tributaries in Africa. It is a dark grayish color on the top, with a dark vertical marking and bands on the flank. This marking is more prominent on juveniles, and fades as the fish grows.

Fish reproduction
Fish reproductive organs include testes and ovaries. In most species, gonads are paired organs of similar size, which can be partially or totally fused. There may also be a range of secondary organs that increase reproductive fitness. The genital papilla is a small, fleshy tube behind the anus in some fishes, from which the sperm or eggs are released; the sex of a fish can often be determined by the shape of its papilla.
Armenian Gymnastics Federation
The Armenian Gymnastics Federation (Armenian: Հայաստանի մարմնամարզության ֆեդերացիա), also known as the Gymnastics Federation of Armenia, is the regulating body of gymnastics and artistic gymnastics in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Armenian Olympic Committee
The Armenian Olympic Committee (ARMNOC; Armenian: Հայաստանի ազգային օլիմպիական կոմիտե, romanized: Hayastani Olimpiakan Komite; IOC Code: ARM) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for Armenia's participation in the Olympic Games. It is headquartered in Yerevan.
Hans G. Lehmann
Hans Georg Lehmann (born 1939, in Dessau, Germany) is a retired German photographer who is noted for his spy shots of prototype automobiles whilst they undergo testing stages, frequenting in locations where test sessions are likely to occur. These photographs regularly appear in automobile magazines.

As a result of his success, a number of photographers have followed his example. Because of this, a number of major car manufacturers developed their own testing facilities to prevent people from taking photographs of their secretive prototypes and pre-production cars.

His nickname in the industry amongst others is Handy Hans, carparazzo, car spy, prototype hunter and is widely regarded as a pioneer of the car spy photography and the best known of them all.

Since his retirement in 2008, he continued to run his photo syndication company.

Proving ground
A proving ground is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, military tactics and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. They are distinct from military training areas which are run by the military and intended for the routine training and exercising of troops across the terrain.
2015 Heineken Open
The 2015 Heineken Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 39th edition of the Heineken Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 12 January until 17 January 2015. Unseeded Jiří Veselý, who entered the main draw as a qualifier, won the singles title.

ATP Auckland Open
The ATP Auckland Open, known as the ASB Classic (sponsored by ASB Bank), is a professional men's tennis tournament in Auckland, New Zealand. The tournament is played at the ASB Tennis Centre, in Parnell. It is part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour. The tournament is held annually in January a week before the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open.

The ASB Classic returned in 2023 after the 2021 and 2022 events were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic causing travel restrictions for international visitors to New Zealand.
De Barsy syndrome
De Barsy syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Symptoms include cutis laxa (loose hanging skin) as well as other eye, musculoskeletal, and neurological abnormalities. It is usually progressive, manifesting side effects that can include clouded corneas, cataracts, short stature, dystonia, or progeria (premature aging).

Alternative names for De Barsy syndrome include  cutis laxa-corneal clouding-intellectual disability syndrome, cutis laxa-growth deficiency syndrome, De Barsy–Moens–Diercks syndrome, and progeroid syndrome of De Barsy.

Progeria
Progeria  (also Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome or Hutchinson–Gilford progeroid syndrome; HGPS) is a type of progeroid syndrome. A single gene mutation is responsible for causing progeria. The affected gene, known as lamin A (LMNA), makes a protein necessary for holding the cell nucleus together. When this gene mutates, an abnormal form of lamin A protein called progerin is produced. Progeroid syndromes are a group of diseases that cause individuals to age faster than usual. People born with progeria typically live until their mid- to late-teens or early twenties. Severe cardiovascular complications usually develop by puberty, later on resulting in death.
Ye Qisun
Ye Qisun (simplified Chinese: 叶企孙; traditional Chinese: 葉企孫; Wade–Giles: Yeh Ch'i-sun; July 16, 1898 – January 13, 1977), also named Ye Hongjuan (叶鸿眷), was a Chinese physicist and one of the founders of modern physics in China.

Nanjing University
Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing and Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes, such as Nanjing Higher Normal School, National Southeastern University and National Central University, until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.

Nanjing University has four campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing, the Pukou campus in the Pukou District of Nanjing, and the Suzhou campus in the city of Suzhou.