hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attenuation
In physics, attenuation is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight, lead attenuates X-rays, and water and air attenuate both light and sound at variable attenuation rates.

Hearing protectors help reduce acoustic flux from flowing into the ears. This phenomenon is called acoustic attenuation and is measured in decibels (dBs).

In electrical engineering and telecommunications, attenuation affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, and in air. Electrical attenuators and optical attenuators are commonly manufactured components in this field.

Sound power
Sound power or acoustic power is the rate at which sound energy is emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. It is defined as "through a surface, the product of the sound pressure, and the component of the particle velocity, at a point on the surface in the direction normal to the surface, integrated over that surface."  The SI unit of sound power is the watt (W). It relates to the power of the sound force on a surface enclosing a sound source, in air.

For a sound source, unlike sound pressure, sound power is neither room-dependent nor distance-dependent. Sound pressure is a property of the field at a point in space, while sound power is a property of a sound source, equal to the total power emitted by that source in all directions. Sound power passing through an area is sometimes called sound flux or acoustic flux through that area.
2024 European Half Marathon Cup – Men
The 2024 European Half Marathon Cup for men, the second edition of the competition, was held as part of the men's half marathon at the 2024 European Athletics Championships, which took place at the Stadio Olimpico on 9 June.

European Half Marathon Cup
The European Half Marathon Cup is a quadrennial team marathon competition between European countries held for the first time in 2016, incorporated in the half marathon events of the European Athletics Championships. The event alternates biennially with the European Marathon Cup which is held under similar rules when the European Athletics Championships are held in non-Olympic years.
White Claw Hard Seltzer
White Claw Hard Seltzer is an alcoholic seltzer water beverage manufactured by Mark Anthony Group. The beverage was introduced in 2016 and is sold in 12 various flavors.

The beverage is made from a blend of seltzer water, a gluten-free malted alcohol base, and fruit flavor. The alcohol base (termed "beer base" in customs rulings) is composed of 51% sugar, smaller amounts of yeast and nutrients, water, and trace amounts of "malted gluten-free grains". The exact recipe and methods are trade secrets.

Mike's Hard Lemonade Co.
Mike's Hard Lemonade Co. is an alcopop supplier based in Levittown, Pennsylvania. It is part of Badlands Beverage Brands, Inc. as of 2017. Founded in 1996 and brought to the US in 1999, Mike's Hard Lemonade Co. defined the $3.2 billion flavored malt beverage category with the introduction of its new-to-market Mike's Hard Lemonade. Mike's partnered with the United Service Organizations in 2018, donating $250k.
Wedding of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich and Rebecca Virginia Bettarini
The wedding of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia and Rebecca Virginia Bettarini took place on 1 October 2021 at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg. It was reported as the first royal wedding to take place in Russia since the Russian Revolution. The groom is the son and heir of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, the disputed head of the House of Romanov. The bride, who converted to the Russian Orthodox faith from Catholicism and took the name Victoria Romanovna, is the daughter of the former Italian Ambassador to Belgium, Roberto Bettarini.

Franz Wilhelm Prinz von Preussen
Franz Wilhelm Victor Christoph Stephan Prinz von Preussen (born 3 September 1943) is a German businessman and member of the House of Hohenzollern, the former ruling German imperial house and royal house of Prussia. From 1976 to 1985, he was known as Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia. He is also the great-grandson of German Emperor Wilhelm II.
Abyss (roller coaster)
Abyss is a steel roller coaster located at the Adventure World amusement park in Perth, Western Australia. The $12-million attraction was announced in April 2013, and construction began the following month. It opened to the general public six months later on 1 November 2013.

The Abyss is a Euro-Fighter, a roller coaster model from Gerstlauer that features a "beyond-vertical" first drop which exceeds 90 degrees. In addition to several inversions, the Abyss reaches a top speed of 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph) along the two-minute, 630-metre-long (2,070 ft) ride.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Shining Blade
Shining Blade (シャイニング・ブレイド, Shainingu Bureido) is a tactical role-playing game developed and published by Sega for the PlayStation Portable. It is the fourth Shining game with characters designed by Tony Taka, the other three being Shining Tears, Shining Wind and Shining Hearts. Shining Blade was released in Japan on March 15, 2012.

Shining (video game series)
The Shining (シャイニング, Shainingu) series is a name of role-playing video games published by Sega, who owns the property. The first game, Shining in the Darkness, was a first-person dungeon crawler with randomly encountered, turn-based battles (comparable to Wizardry and Might and Magic). The next game released in the series was Shining Force, which was a turn-based strategy style tactical role-playing game with battle scenes acted out with sprites (comparable to Fire Emblem). Other directions include Shining Soul, a dungeon crawl action role-playing game with roguelike elements, and a number of traditional Japanese role-playing games. Shining Resonance Refrain was released on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Steam PC and Nintendo Switch worldwide across 2018.
Department of History (Harvard University)
The Department of History is an academic department within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

The department offers bachelor's degrees in history, master's degrees in history, doctorate degrees in history, and a certificate in digital history.

Drew Gilpin Faust
Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust (born September 18, 1947) is an American historian and author who served as the 28th president of Harvard University from 2007 to 2018. She was Harvard's first female president, its first president since 1672 without a Harvard undergraduate or graduate degree, and the first to have been raised in the South. Faust was also the founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. She was repeatedly named one of the world's 100 most powerful women by Forbes, reaching as high as 33rd in 2014.
Government of the Republic of the Rif
The Government of the Republic of the Rif was established on 18 September 1921 when the Riffian Tribes, led by Abd el-Krim, beat Spain in the Battle of Annual during the Rif War and created the Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif.

The Republic of the Rif is considered the first-ever independent non-monarchical modern Amazigh state.

After the Riffian victory, President Abd el-Krim and his Council of Ministers issued a document titled "Government of the Rif Republic; Declaration of State and Proclamation to all Nations" declaring the independence of the Rif from the Franco-Spanish colonial dominion and from the Arab-Alouite Sultan Yusef of Morocco.

Battle of Annual
The Battle of Annual was fought on 22 July 1921 at Annual, in northeastern Morocco, between the Spanish Army and Riffian Berbers during the Rif War. The Spanish suffered a major military defeat, which is almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual (Spanish: Desastre de Annual) which is widely considered to be the worst defeat ever suffered by the modern Spanish Army. It resulted in major political crises, the fall of several governments, a military dictatorship led by Miguel Primo de Rivera, the abdication of King Alfonso XIII and a complete reassessment of the Spanish colonial policy toward the Rif as the entire Spanish colonial enterprise was at one point threatened.
Secundinia gens
The gens Secundinia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are mentioned by ancient writers, but a number are known from inscriptions, dating entirely or almost entirely from imperial times, and concentrated in Gaul, Germania, Noricum, and adjacent areas.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Noon Mediterranean
Noon Mediterranean (formerly VERTS Mediterranean Grill and VERTS KEBAP) was an Austin-based fast casual restaurant chain. The company created the world's smallest food truck out of a Smart Car in 2011. In May 2016, it was rated ninth on Restaurant Business Online's list of Top 25 Fastest-Growing Fast Casuals. As of November 2017, Noon had 20 locations in the United States. Noon co-founder Dominik Stein was included on Forbes' "30 Under 30" list under the Food & Drink category in 2017.

Fast casual restaurant
A fast casual restaurant, found primarily in the United States, is a restaurant that does not offer full table service, but advertises higher quality food than fast-food restaurants. It is an intermediate concept between fast food and casual dining.
Li Shuaitai
Li Shuaitai (Chinese: 李率泰; d. 1666), originally named Li Yanling (李延齡), courtesy names Shouchou (壽疇) and Shuda (叔達), posthumous name Zhongxiang (忠襄), was a military commander and official of China's Qing dynasty. He served as the Viceroy of Liangguang between 1653 and 1656, then as the Viceroy of Min-Zhe from 1656 to its partition in 1658, after which he continued as Viceroy of Fujian until 1664.

His father, Li Yongfang, was a Ming general who defected to the Qing.

Viceroy of Liangguang
The Viceroy of Liangguang, fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Two Guang Provinces and Other Local Areas, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages and Governor Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Ming and Qing dynasties of China. The Viceroy of Liangguang had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Guangdong Province and then Guangxi Province (approx. nowadays Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, and Macau).
Betul, Goa
Betul is a coastal village located in the Salcete taluka, South Goa district, Goa, India. It is the southernmost village of Salcete and is well-known for its beach, lighthouse, and fort. It is lies about an hour south from Margao. The Sal river drains into the Arabian sea near Betul.

As of November 2025, the Betul village panchayat opposed the construction of a satellite port at Betul, proposed by the Mormugao Port Authority. Opponents say that the port would threaten local fish breeding and the livelihood of local fishing communities.

Margao
Margao (Goan Konkani: Modgaum, IPA: [mɵɖɡãʋ]; Portuguese: Margão, IPA: [mɐɾɡɐ̃ũ]) is the commercial capital of the Indian state of Goa. It stands on the banks of the river Sal. It is the district headquarters of South Goa, and administrative headquarters of Salcete sub-district. It is Goa's second largest city by population after Mormugao.
Extended Net
The Extended Net mansion (simplified Chinese: 张宿; traditional Chinese: 張宿; pinyin: Zhāng Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.  It is one of the southern mansions of the Vermilion Bird.

Vermilion Bird
The Vermilion Bird (Chinese: 朱雀; pinyin: Zhūquè) is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. According to Wu Xing, the Taoist five elemental system, it represents the Fire element, the direction south, and the season of summer correspondingly. Thus it is sometimes called the Vermilion Bird of the South (Chinese: 南方朱雀; pinyin: Nánfāng Zhūquè). It is described as a red bird that resembles a pheasant with a fire-colored plumage and is perpetually covered in flames. It is known as Suzaku in Japanese, Jujak in Korean and Chu Tước in Vietnamese.

It is often mistaken for the fenghuang due to similarities in appearance, but the two are different creatures. The fenghuang is a legendary ruler of birds who is associated with the Chinese Empress in the same way the dragon is associated with the Emperor, while the Vermilion Bird is a mythological spirit creature of the Chinese constellations.
Atlantic City Conference
The Atlantic City Conference, held between 13 and 16 May 1929, was a historic summit of leaders of organized crime in the United States. It is considered by most crime historians to be the earliest organized crime summit held in the US. The conference had a major impact on the future direction of the criminal underworld and held more importance and significance than the Havana Conference of 1946 and the Apalachin meeting of 1957. It also represented the first concrete move toward a National Crime Syndicate.

Details about the conference are difficult to verify.  However, it is thought that crime leaders at the conference discussed the violent bootleg wars in New York City and Chicago and how to avoid them in the future, diversification and investment into legal liquor ventures, expansion of illegal operations to offset profit loss from the potential repeal of Prohibition, and reorganization and consolidation of the underworld into a National Crime Syndicate.

Waxey Gordon
Irving Wexler (born January 19, 1888 – June 24, 1952), better known as Waxey Gordon, was an American gangster who specialized in bootlegging and illegal gambling. An associate of Arnold Rothstein during prohibition, he was caught up in a power struggle following Rothstein's death. Fellow Rothstein associates Charles "Lucky" Luciano and Meyer Lansky provided authorities with evidence that led to his imprisonment for ten years.
Boyfriend Maker
Boyfriend Maker is a dating sim, romance chatbot smartphone app for iOS (iPhone) and Android devices, developed by Japanese studio 36 You Games (styled as 36You) and distributed under the freemium business model. Boyfriend Maker incorporated advanced artificial intelligence chat technology a decade before products such as ChatGPT. According to the developer's website, Boyfriend Maker is an "app that lets you interact and chat with quirky virtual boyfriends". While each virtual boyfriend has certain unique characteristics, the various instances of the boyfriend are powered by a chat engine, that (at least within a language and market) can utilise vocabulary and knowledge acquired in a chat with one user in subsequent chats with other users.

SimSimi
SimSimi is an artificial intelligence conversation program created in 2002 by ISMaker. It grows its artificial intelligence day by day assisted by a feature that allows users to teach it to respond correctly. SimSimi, pronounced as "shim-shimi", is from a Korean word simsim (심심) which means "bored". It has an application designed for Android, Windows Phone and iOS.

The application was banned in Thailand in 2012 after users taught it to make responses containing profanity, and to criticise leading politicians. In April 2018, SimSimi was suspended in Brazil due to accusations of sending inappropriate messages, such as sexual language, bullying and even death threats, being labeled as "dangerous" mainly due to its popularity among children, and according to its developer, the suspension of the app in the country "was inevitable because the SimSimi app, at least in the last few days, had a significant negative social impact in Brazil.”
51st Field Artillery Regiment (PA)
51st Field Artillery Regiment is a reserve unit of Philippine Commonwealth Army activated and organized in 1941 and fought during World War II. The regiment is a component of 51st Infantry Division under Brigadier General Albert M. Jones, responsible for the defense of Bicol Peninsula.

History of the Philippine Army
The history of the Philippine Army began in during pre-colonial era as different tribes established their own citizen force to defend the Balangays from intruders. Army was organized forces through the years who fought Spanish oppression and even other invaders such as Dutch and British who attempted to conquer the Philippines in early centuries.
Liam Meaney
Liam Meaney (born 1972) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.

Born in Bishopstown, Meaney first played competitive hurling during his schooling at St Flannan's College. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor teams as a dual player, before later joining the under-21 sides. He joined the senior panel during the 1992-93 National League. Meaney won one National Hurling League medal as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Meaney is a three-time championship medallist with Blackrock. He also played Gaelic football with St Michael's while he began his career with Bishopstown.

Meaney was later appointed general manager of Cork City F. C.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.
Mt. Pleasant Military Academy
Mt. Pleasant Military Academy is a former military school established in 1814 to provide in Ossining, New York, a school of the first order, where young men might be prepared for college, or for active business life, and where the influences thrown around the students should be such as to develop courteous and manly men. The academy closed sometime in the 1920s.

Ossining (village), New York
Ossining (/ˈɒsɪnɪŋ/ OSS-in-ing) is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population at the 2020 United States census was 27,551,  an increase from 25,060 at the 2010 census. As a village, it is located in the town of Ossining.
William Henry Harris (academic)
William Henry Harris (28 April 1884 – 23 January 1956) was a British Welsh-speaking priest, academic and translator. Ordained in 1914, he served for most of his life (1919-1941) as a teacher of theology at St David's College, Lampeter, becoming a professor of theology at the college in 1940 and Professor of Welsh in 1941. At the same time, he served at St David's Cathedral as canon (1937) and treasurer (1948). He translated several hymns and liturgical texts into Welsh. As a theologian, he valued the Catholic inheritance in the reformed churches and fostered this inheritance within the Church in Wales. He also served as professor of Welsh at St David's College, Lampeter.

Gorsedd Cymru
Gorsedd Cymru (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡɔrsɛð ˈkəmrɨ, -ri]), or simply the Gorsedd (Welsh: yr Orsedd), is a society of Welsh-language poets, writers, musicians and others who have contributed to the Welsh language and to public life in Wales. Its aim is to honour such individuals and help develop and promote their fields in addition to maintaining relationships with other Celtic nations and Y Wladfa in Patagonia. The Gorsedd is most prominent at the National Eisteddfod of Wales where it is responsible for the main ceremonies held.
Mississippi Highway 365
Mississippi Highway 365 (MS 365) is a state highway in northeastern Mississippi. The route starts at MS 30 in Burton and travels northward. It travels into Burnsville and intersects U.S. Route 72 (US 72). MS 365 continues northeastward and ends at MS 25 west of Pickwick Lake. The route was designated by 1950, connecting from MS 30 to MS 364. It was extended northward to MS 356 around 1958 and was completely paved by 1964. The route replaced parts of MS 356 in 1965, and its northern terminus was changed to MS 25.

U.S. Route 72
U.S. Route 72 (US 72) is an east–west United States highway that travels for 317.811 miles (511.467 km) from southwestern Tennessee, throughout North Mississippi, North Alabama, and southeastern Tennessee. The highway's western terminus is in Memphis, Tennessee and its eastern terminus is in Chattanooga. It is the only U.S. Highway to begin and end in the same state, yet pass through other states in between. Prior to the U.S. Highway system signage being posted in 1926, the section eastward from Corinth, Mississippi (covering nearly three quarters of the route) was part of the Lee Highway.
Soda gembira
Soda gembira (lit. 'happy soda') is an Indonesian drink. It is made up of cocopandan syrup, condensed milk, seltzer and ice. A related drink, Soda Susu, uses carbonated water instead of strawberry-flavored Fanta.

Soda gembira is a popular beverage in Indonesia. It is usually served during iftar in Ramadan and at wedding receptions, alongside foods including bakso, nasi goreng, rendang, and soto.

Soto (food)
Soto (also known as sroto, tauto, saoto, or coto) is a traditional Indonesian soup mainly composed of broth, meat (such as chicken), and vegetables. Many traditional soups are called soto, whereas foreign- and Western-influenced soups are called sop.

Soto is sometimes considered Indonesia's national dish, as it is served from Sumatra to Papua, in a wide range of variations. Soto is available everywhere from warungs and open-air eateries to fine-dining restaurants and luxurious hotels.

Due to the proximity and significant numbers of Indonesian migrants in neighbouring countries, soto can also be found in Singapore and Malaysia.

Introduced to Suriname by Javanese migrants, it is part of the national cuisine of that country as well, where it is spelled saoto.