hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Maryland, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The Democratic and Republican primaries were held on July 19.

United Food and Commercial Workers
The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW) is a labor union representing approximately 1.2 million workers in the United States and Canada in industries including retail; meatpacking, food processing and manufacturing; hospitality; agriculture; cannabis; chemical trades; security; textile, and health care. UFCW is affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) and the AFL–CIO; it disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO in 2005 but reaffiliated in 2013. UFCW is also affiliated to UNI Global Union and the IUF.
Life of the Infamous: The Best of Mobb Deep
Life of the Infamous: The Best of Mobb Deep is the greatest hits album from Queensbridge rap duo Mobb Deep, made up of rappers Prodigy and Havoc. It contains songs dating back to their 1993 debut album, Juvenile Hell, through their 2004 album, Amerikaz Nightmare. No Blood Money songs are on the album since those tracks are owned by Universal Music Group, not Sony Music Entertainment, the label that released this album. The disc includes "Blood Money" and "Go Head," two previously unreleased tracks. "Keep It Thoro" is the only song featured on a non-Mobb Deep album (Prodigy's H.N.I.C.).

Prodigy (rapper)
Albert Johnson (November 2, 1974 – June 20, 2017), known professionally as Prodigy, was an American rapper and record producer. He was best known for being one half of the rap duo Mobb Deep along with Havoc, yet Prodigy still had a solo career, regularly collaborating with producer The Alchemist. Prodigy released eight albums during his career in Mobb Deep, as well as six solo studio albums and one posthumous album.
Timelike simply connected
Suppose a Lorentzian manifold contains a closed timelike curve (CTC). No CTC can be continuously deformed as a CTC (is timelike homotopic) to a point, as that point would not be causally well behaved. Therefore, any Lorentzian manifold containing a CTC is said to be timelike multiply connected. A Lorentzian manifold that does not contain a CTC is said to be timelike simply connected.

Any Lorentzian manifold which is timelike multiply connected has a diffeomorphic universal covering space which is timelike simply connected. For instance, a three-sphere with a Lorentzian metric is timelike multiply connected, (because any compact Lorentzian manifold contains a CTC), but has a diffeomorphic universal covering space which contains no CTC (and is therefore not compact). By contrast, a three-sphere with the standard metric is simply connected, and is therefore its own universal cover.

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.  This is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the requirement of positive-definiteness is relaxed.

Every tangent space of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space.

A special case used in general relativity is a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold for modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike.
Roy C. Wilcox
Roy C. Wilcox (December 24, 1891 – March 30, 1975) was an American politician who was the 83rd Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut from 1933 to 1935. He previously served as President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate.

He died at Meriden, Connecticut hospital in 1975 after a short illness. He was 83.

Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate
The Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut serves as the President of the Connecticut Senate, but only casts a vote if required to break a tie. In his or her absence, the President Pro Tempore of the Connecticut Senate presides. The President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the entire Senate through a Senate Resolution. The President pro tempore is the chief leadership position in the Senate. The Senate majority and minority leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses.

The current President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate is Martin M. Looney, a Democrat who has served since 2015.
İtirafçı
In the context of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict an itirafçı (Turkish pronunciation: [itiɾafˈtʃɯ], 'defector' or 'confessor') is a former member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) who worked as an informant or collaborator for the Turkish security forces against the PKK. Some merely provided intelligence, while others were persuaded or coerced into taking active roles in the conflict. İtirafçıs played a significant role in the conflict in southeastern Turkey in the 1990s, as they were often used to do the extralegal work of security forces, particularly in the case of the unofficial Turkish Gendarmerie unit JİTEM. According to figures of the Ministry of Justice, about 1,950 PKK militants became confessors after their arrest. Unofficial figures put the number of confessors that were used and paid in the fight against the PKK at 500. Abdülkadir Aygan has been described as "the most well-known among PKK members turned informants". A confessor was involved in the 2005 Şemdinli incident.

Şemdinli incident
The Şemdinli incident occurred on 9 November 2005 when a bookshop in Şemdinli, Hakkari Province, Turkey was attacked with grenades. One person died and several others were injured in the attack on the Umut bookshop. The attack was carried out by Turkish Gendarmerie personnel Ali Kaya, Özcan İldeniz, and Veysel Ateş, who were caught in the act by local residents. The men are said to have worked for the Gendarmerie's JITEM intelligence unit. Two hand grenades were thrown, and a further two retrieved from the perpetrators' car, which was registered to the local Gendarmerie.

In 2010 grenades with the same serial number were found in a house in Erzincan as part of the Ergenekon investigation. The incident has been compared with the Susurluk scandal for the light it casts on the Turkish "deep state."
Assam Football Association
The Assam Football Association (AFA) is one of the 37 Indian state football associations that are affiliated to the All India Football Federation. It governs football in the state of Assam, India and also administers the Assam men's and women's football teams. It sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.

Assam women's football team
The Assam women's football team is an Indian women's football team representing Assam in the Senior Women's National Football Championship, which crowns the national women's football champion each year.
Threshing stone
A threshing stone is a roller-like tool used for the threshing of wheat. Similar to the use of threshing boards, the stone was pulled by horses over a circular pile of harvested wheat on a hardened dirt surface (threshing floor), and the rolling stone knocked the grain from the head of wheat.  The straw was removed from the pile and the remaining grain and chaff was collected.  By a process called winnowing, the grain was tossed into the air to allow the chaff and dirt to be blown away, leaving only the grain.

Winnowing
Winnowing is a process by which chaff is separated from grain. It can also be used to remove pests from stored grain. Winnowing usually follows threshing in grain preparation. In its simplest form, it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff, while the heavier grains fall back down for recovery. Techniques included using a winnowing fan (a shaped basket shaken to raise the chaff) or using a tool (a winnowing fork or shovel) on a pile of harvested grain.
Sally Face
Sally Face is an adventure game with psychological horror and mystery fiction elements created by Steve Gabry a.k.a. Portable Moose. The game follows Sal Fisher (otherwise known as Sally Face), a boy with a prosthetic face, who investigates local murders with his friends. The game consists of 5 episodes that were released between 2016 and 2019. Sally Face was also released on Nintendo Switch in 2021 and later on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2022.

Horror game
A horror game is a video game genre centered on horror fiction and typically designed to scare the player. The term may also be used to describe tabletop games with horror fiction elements.

Unlike most other video game genres, which are classified by their gameplay, horror games are nearly always based on narrative or visual presentation, and use a variety of gameplay types.
HMS Broke (1914)
HMS Broke was a Faulknor-class destroyer leader of the Royal Navy, initially built for the Chilean Navy as the Almirante Lynch-class destroyer Almirante Goñi. The outbreak of the First World War led to her being purchased by the Admiralty in August 1914 shortly after her launching, and renamed HMS Broke. All of the class were present at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May to 1 June 1916, where Broke, out of control after hits from German ships, collided with the Acasta-class destroyer HMS Sparrowhawk, leading to the latter's loss. Broke saw action in several battles, and was resold to Chile after the conclusion of the war.

Faulknor-class flotilla leader
The Faulknor class were a class of flotilla leaders that were under construction in the United Kingdom for the Chilean Navy at the outbreak of World War I. Six ships were ordered by Chile, of which the first two (Almirante Lynch and Almirante Condell) were delivered to Chile before the outbreak of the war. The remaining four ships were purchased by the British, taken over and completed for the Royal Navy for wartime service. In common with Royal Navy convention, they were named after famous Royal Navy captains of the past, in this case the members of the Faulknor family.
Eotrogulus
Eotrogulus is an extinct genus of harvestmen known from the Carboniferous fossil record.  The genus is the only member of the family Eotrogulidae and contains one species Eotrogulus fayoli. Eotrogulus was found in the Coal Measures of Commentry in northern France, together with Nemastomoides elaveris. Eotrogulus was previously thought to be a trigonotarbid.

Trigonotarbida
The order Trigonotarbida is a group of extinct arachnids whose fossil record extends from the late Silurian to the early Permian (Pridoli to Sakmarian). These animals are known from several localities in Europe and North America, as well as a single record from Argentina. Trigonotarbids can be envisaged as spider-like arachnids, but without silk-producing spinnerets. They ranged in size from a few millimetres to a few centimetres in body length and had segmented abdomens (opisthosoma), with the dorsal exoskeleton (tergites) across the backs of the animals' abdomens, which were characteristically divided into three or five separate plates. Probably living as predators on other arthropods, some later trigonotarbid species were quite heavily armoured and protected themselves with spines and tubercles. About seventy species are currently known, with most fossils originating from the Carboniferous coal measures.
Romanesco dialect
Romanesco (Italian pronunciation: [romaˈnesko]) is one of the Central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, especially in the core city. It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard Italian, with some notable differences from these two. Rich in vivid expressions and sayings, Romanesco is used in a typical diglossic setting, mainly for informal/colloquial communication, with code-switching and translanguaging with the standard language.

Tuscan dialects
Tuscan (Italian: toscano [djaˈlɛtto tosˈkaːno; di.a-]; locally: vernacolo) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.

Tuscan, especially its Florentine variety, formed the basis for establishing Standard Italian. Due mostly to the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini, the Tuscan-derived elaboration became the primary language of culture throughout Italy, and later the official language of all of the historic Italian states and then of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed.
Next Venezuelan presidential election
Under the 1999 Constitution and a 2009 constitutional amendment, the president of Venezuela is elected for a six-year term by direct popular vote and may be re-elected indefinitely. On 3 January 2026, Nicolás Maduro was captured in Venezuela by United States forces during a large-scale military operation and removed to New York to face narcotics-related charges, triggering a major political and constitutional crisis. Vice-president Delcy Rodríguez was installed as acting president by Venezuela's Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ), which described Maduro's situation as a "temporary absence", leaving the timing of the next presidential election unclear.

2025 Venezuelan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 25 May 2025 to elect the 285 deputies of the National Assembly. The elections took place during the ongoing political crisis within the country, and were not expected to be free or fair. Official results showed that the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) of President Nicolás Maduro retained its majority in the National Assembly and won 23 of 24 state gubernatorial elections. These elections were the first to be held by Venezuela in Guyanese territory that it claims.
Spanish personal pronouns
Spanish personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for the subject (nominative) or object, and third-person pronouns make an additional distinction for direct object (accusative) or indirect object (dative), and for reflexivity as well. Several pronouns also have special forms used after prepositions.

Spanish is a pro-drop language with respect to subject pronouns, and, like many European languages, Spanish makes a T-V distinction in second person pronouns that has no equivalent in modern English. Object pronouns can be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.  With clitic pronouns, proclitic forms are much more common, but enclitic forms are mandatory in certain situations. There is significant regional variation in the use of personal pronouns, especially second-person pronouns.

Reflexive pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence.

In the English language specifically, a reflexive pronoun will end in -self or -selves, and refer to a previously named noun or pronoun (myself, yourself, ourselves, themselves, etc.). English intensive pronouns, used for emphasis, take the same form.

In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence. Different languages have different binding domains for reflexive pronouns, according to their structure.
Genaro Ruiz Camacho
Genaro Ruiz Camacho Jr. (September 14, 1954 – August 26, 1998), aka Geno Camacho, was a cannabis dealer and organized crime leader in Texas who was linked to four murders and eventually executed by the state of Texas.

Capital punishment in Texas
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Texas, known as the capital punishment capital, for murder, and participation in a felony resulting in death if committed by an individual who is at least 18 years old.

In 1982, the state became the first jurisdiction in the world to carry out an execution by lethal injection, when it executed Charles Brooks Jr. It was the first execution in the state since 1964.

Texas, which is the second most populous state in the United States, has executed 597 people since the U.S. capital punishment resumption in 1976 (beginning in 1982 with the Brooks execution) to January 28, 2026 (the execution of Charles Victor Thompson)—more than a third of the national total. Even per capita, Texas has the nation's second-highest execution rate, behind only neighboring Oklahoma.
1976 United States presidential election in Arizona
The 1976 United States presidential election in Arizona was part of the 1976 United States presidential election, which took place on November 2, 1976, throughout all fifty states and D.C. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Arizona voted strongly for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Gerald Ford, over the Democratic nominee, Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. The state turned out to be the sixth most Republican in the nation behind Utah, Idaho, Alaska, Nebraska and Wyoming, as it was already perceived that Carter – highly popular in his native South – lacked any understanding of the environment, economy, culture and political issues of the West.

Carter did improve upon the performance of the preceding Democratic nominee, South Dakota Senator George McGovern, swinging away from the GOP by fifteen percentage points.

1976 United States presidential election in Alaska
The 1976 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 2, 1976, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Alaska was won by incumbent President Gerald Ford (R-Michigan) with 57.9% of the popular vote against  Jimmy Carter (D-Georgia) with 35.7%. Carter ultimately won the national vote however, defeating Ford and becoming the next President.  Alaska has only voted Democratic once, and that was in 1964 for Lyndon B. Johnson.

With 57.9% of the popular vote, Alaska would prove to be Ford's fifth strongest state in the 1976 election after Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Nebraska.

Libertarian candidate Roger MacBride also had his strongest showing in Alaska, which would continue to provide a base of votes for the new party.
James A. Murphy III
James A. Murphy III (born c. 1961) is an American politician, a former district attorney, and a jurist. He is currently an Acting Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York and the county court judge for Saratoga County, New York.

Murphy began serving in the Saratoga County District Attorney's Office in 1988, as an assistant DA. He first was elected district attorney in 1997 and was sworn in on January 2, 1998. He was re-elected in 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2013. In all, he served for nearly 30 years as a prosecutor.  His grandfather was United States Congressman Carleton J. King.

District Attorneys Association of the State of New York
The District Attorneys Association of the State of New York, previously the New York State District Attorneys Association was created in 1909 as a professional organization for prosecuting attorneys (both district attorneys and assistant district attorneys) practicing in New York State.

The membership of the association is all of the elected district attorneys, as well as many assistant district attorneys, from the 62 New York State counties.  In 2002, the association reported its total membership to be approximately 1,000.
阝
阝 (Kangxi radical 163 & 170) is a component used in Chinese characters. It serves as the combining form of two distinct radicals, distinguished by whether it is on the left or right of a character. It is the combining form of Radical 170 (阜) when used on the left of a character, as in 阪, and of Radical 163 (邑) when used on the right of a character, as in 部.

In Unicode, ⻖ (U+2ED6) is listed as CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO (meaning 阜 - left) and ⻏ (U+2ECF) is listed as CJK RADICAL CITY (meaning 邑 - right). Most, but not all, fonts render them as almost identical. 阝 (U+961D), listed as CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-961D, is usually used to represent both.

Radical 163
Radical 163 or radical city (邑部) meaning "city" is one of the 20 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 7 strokes. This radical character transforms into 阝 (counted as 3 strokes in Traditional Chinese, 2 strokes in Simplified Chinese) when used as a right component (not to be confused with 阝 on the left derived from 阜).

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 350 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

邑 is also the 159th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with 阝 (right) listed as its associated indexing components.
Melanesian mythology
Melanesian mythology refers to the folklore, myths, and religions of Melanesia, a region in Southwest Oceania that encompasses the archipelagos of New Guinea (including Indonesian New Guinea and Papua New Guinea), the Torres Strait Islands, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Fiji. The various mythologies consist primarily of the traditions of oral literature in the different populations of Melanesia. More recent aspects include the cargo cults born in the 20th century during the Pacific War.

Admiralty Islands
The Admiralty Islands are an archipelago group of 40 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean. These are also sometimes known as the Manus Islands, after the largest island of the chain.

These rainforest-covered islands constitute Manus Province, the smallest and least-populous province of Papua New Guinea, in its Islands Region. The total area is 2,100 km2 (810 sq mi). The province had a population of 60,485 at the 2011 Census. Many of the smaller Admiralty Islands are atolls and uninhabited.
Holmes v. California National Guard
Andrew Holmes v. California National Guard, 124 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 1998) was a federal court case heard by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, that upheld the "don't ask, don't tell" policy that restricted service by gays and lesbians in the California National Guard of the United States. The court decided that a member of the National Guard could not be discharged for saying publicly that he or she is homosexual or bisexual, but could be restricted to assignments that did not require recognition by the federal government.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Moeyo Ken (anime)
Moeyo Ken, known in Japan as Kidō Shinsengumi Moeyo Ken (Japanese: 機動新撰組 萌えよ剣), is a PS2 video game from 2002 about magical girl variants of Shinsengumi, a police force, and of Sakamoto Ryunosuke and his illegal companion, Nekomaru. The game was adapted into an OVA and a television series. Moeyo Ken was created by Hiroi Oji, creator of the Sakura Wars series, with character designs by Rumiko Takahashi, the creator of Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½ and Inuyasha.

ADV Films licensed it effective September 25, 2006, for $43,335.

Oji Hiroi
Oji Hiroi (広井 王子, Hiroi Ōji; born 8 February 1954), real name Teruhisa Hiroi (廣井 照久, Hiroi Teruhisa), is an author and video game developer. He co-authored Samurai Crusader with Ryoichi Ikegami. He also created the Far East of Eden and Sakura Wars role-playing video game franchises, and wrote the Sakura Wars manga.