hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Şehzade Osman Fuad
Şehzade Osman Fuad Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: , عثمان فواد also Osman Füad Osmanoğlu, 25 February 1895 – 22 May 1973) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin, and the grandson of Sultan Murad V, who reigned briefly in 1876. He was the 39th head of the Imperial House of Osman from 1954 to 1973.

Liakat Medal
The Liakat Medal (Turkish: Liyakat Madalyası) translated as "Medal of Merit," was a decoration of the Ottoman Empire established in 1890.  It could be awarded in two classes, gold or silver. The medal was a common military decoration of the late Ottoman Empire, through the end of the First World War. The medal could also be awarded to civilians for general merit to society.  In 1905, women were allowed to receive the medal for charitable work,  and other civilian merit.  The medal measured 25 mm in diameter came in both gold and silver classes. It was suspended from a red ribbon with narrow green side stripes.  During World War I a clasp of two crossed swords was attached to the ribbon with the date AH 1333 (1915) inscribed upon them.
Pyrrhic Victory (EP)
Pyrrhic Victory is the sixth EP by American metalcore band Zao, released on November 3, 2017. It is the third release by the band on their own Observed/Observer Recordings label since their reactivation in 2015 after several years of hiatus. The songs were recorded during the same sessions that resulted in 2015's Xenophobe and 2016's The Well-Intentioned Virus. The EP in its entirety was streamed on the Metal Injection website on October 31, 2017.

The Well-Intentioned Virus
The Well-Intentioned Virus is the tenth studio album by American metalcore band Zao, released on December 9, 2016. The album features the first studio performance of Russ Cogdell for the first time since 2004's The Funeral of God. The album was released digitally, as well as on CD, vinyl and cassette. On December 1, 2016, the band streamed the whole album.
2016 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2016 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 7–12 at the Reno Events Center in Reno, Nevada. This was the first Big Sky tournament at a neutral site and the first to include all twelve conference members. The top two seeds met in the final; regular season champion Weber State defeated Montana 62–59 and advanced to the NCAA tournament.

Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Big Sky Conference. The event has been held annually since 1976, the conference's thirteenth year.

The tournament winner earns a berth in the NCAA Division I tournament.
Kaeo
Kaeo (Māori: Kāeo) is a township in the Far North District of New Zealand, located some 22 km (14 mi) northwest of Kerikeri. The town's name comes from the Māori-language name of the New Zealand freshwater mussel, which is found in nearby rivers.

Sanfords Fishery factory, one of the main employers in Kaeo, closed in December 2011.

A new bridge on State Highway 10 across the Kaio River was opened in February 2024 to reduce queuing and improve traffic safety.

Far North District
35°13′30″S 173°30′18″E﻿ / ﻿35.225°S 173.505°E﻿ / -35.225; 173.505

The Far North District is the northernmost territorial authority district of New Zealand, consisting of the northern part of the Northland Peninsula in the North Island. It stretches from North Cape / Otou and Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua in the north, down to the Bay of Islands, the Hokianga and the town of Kaikohe.

The Far North District Council is based in Kaikohe, and has ten ward councillors representing four wards: Te Hiku (in the north), Kaikohe-Hokianga (in the west), Bay of Islands-Whangaroa (in the east) and the district-wide Ngā Tai o Tokerau Māori ward. The council is led by the current mayor of the Far North, Moko Tepania, who entered the role in 2022.
History of Guatemalan migrants in the United States
Guatemalan migrants are the 10th largest migrant group in the United States of America., and the 3rd largest immigrant group from Central America. The 2015 American Community Survey estimates the Guatemalan American migrant population at 1,300,000, which is roughly 3% of the US foreign born population, and 0.4% of the total population of the United States.  Of this group, the majority live in California, New York, Florida, and Texas.  Roughly one quarter of Guatemalan Migrants reside in Anaheim County, California alone.  A majority of these migrants are men; according to 2015 American Community Survey, roughly 57% of all Guatemalan Migrants are male. They also tend to be younger, with 86% falling between the ages of 18 and 65.  In comparison, approximately 60% of the native born population and 80% of the foreign born population are in the same age range.  Of the 650,000 (62.5%) Guatemalan migrants in the labor market, approximately one third are employed in the service sector.

Guatemalan Americans
Guatemalan Americans (Spanish: guatemalteco-estadounidenses, norteamericanos de origen guatemalteco or estadounidenses de origen guatemalteco) are Americans of full or partial Guatemalan descent. The Guatemalan American population at the 2010 Census was 1,044,209. Guatemalans are the sixth largest Hispanic group in the United States and the second largest Central American population after Salvadorans. Half of the Guatemalan population is situated in two parts of the country, the Northeast and Southern California.

The states with the largest Guatemalan population are California (29%), Florida (8%) and Texas (7%).
Germ theory's key 19th century figures
In the mid to late nineteenth century, scientific patterns emerged which contradicted the widely held miasma theory of disease. These findings led medical science to what we now know as the germ theory of disease. The germ theory of disease proposes that invisible microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) are the cause of particular illnesses in both humans and animals. Prior to medicine becoming hard science, there were many philosophical theories about how disease originated and was transmitted. Though there were a few early thinkers that described the possibility of microorganisms, it was not until the mid to late nineteenth century when several noteworthy figures made discoveries which would provide more efficient practices and tools to prevent and treat illness. The mid-19th century figures set the foundation for change, while the late-19th century figures solidified the theory.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Amt Altdöbern
Amt Altdöbern is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Oberspreewald-Lausitz, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Altdöbern.

The Amt Altdöbern consists of the following municipalities:

Altdöbern

Bronkow

Luckaitztal

Neupetershain

Neu-Seeland

Oberspreewald-Lausitz
Oberspreewald-Lausitz (Lower Sorbian: Wokrejs Górne Błota-Łužyca, Upper Sorbian: Wokrjes Hornje Błóta-Łužica [ˈwɔkʁʲɛs ˈhɔʁnʲɛ ˈbwʊta ˈwuʒitsa]) is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Dahme-Spreewald, Spree-Neiße, the districts Bautzen and Meissen in Saxony, and the district Elbe-Elster.
Wilt (band)
Wilt were an alternative rock band founded in Kilkenny, Ireland in 1998. Formed by ex-Kerbdog members Cormac Battle on vocals/guitar and Darragh Butler on drums, the line-up was completed with their friend Mick Murphy on bass.

Wilt played their first gig at The Funnel in Dublin on 26 March 1998. Their debut album, Bastinado, was released in July 2000. Wexford native Derren Dempsey joined on guitar/backing vocals as a live touring member in 2002 to promote their second album, My Medicine.

Although Rock Sound magazine tipped them as being Ireland's version of Hüsker Dü and Weezer, Wilt broke up in 2003.

Kerbdog
Kerbdog were an alternative metal band from Kilkenny, Ireland, formed in 1991. Following two albums released on Mercury Records, the band split up in 1998. Since 2005, they have reformed for a series of occasional one-off performances. In 2012, a live album entitled Congregation was recorded and released in October 2014.
Flying Matters
Flying Matters was a pro-aviation coalition in the United Kingdom. Members included tourist organisations, airlines, aerospace manufacturers, trade associations, airport operators, growers and others. Formed in June 2007, they have issued briefings, press releases, lobbied Members of Parliament and commissioned advertisements. The organisation was wound up at the end of April 2011 following the withdrawal of four founding members including BA, BAA and Virgin Atlantic.

Airport Operators Association
The Airport Operators Association (AOA) is a trade association that advocates on behalf of UK airports, negotiating with the UK Government and regulatory authorities to pursue policy outcomes. It has advocated for policies including an end to increases in the Air Passenger Duty.

The AOA was formed in 1934 as the Aerodrome Owners' Association. On 17 April 1990 it was renamed the Airport Operators Association.  It represents over 50 airports, and around 160 companies and organizations which do not own airports but operate in the aviation industry.
Piscataway Park
Piscataway Park is a National Park Service-protected area located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of downtown Washington, D.C. in and around Accokeek, Maryland. It protects the National Colonial Farm, Marshall Hall, and the Accokeek Creek Site. The park is located across the Potomac River from George Washington's Mount Vernon estate.

Piscataway Park is named after Piscataway Creek, itself named for a Native American tribe. The park is home to bald eagles, beavers, osprey, and other wildlife and encompasses areas of wetland, meadow and woodland.  It is administered jointly by the Accokeek Foundation, which has a Cooperative Agreement with the National Park Service to steward about 200 acres of the park, and the National Park Service and is managed by National Capital Parks-East.

National Capital Parks-East
National Capital Parks-East (NACE) is an administrative grouping of multiple National Park Service sites east of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., and in the state of Maryland.  These sites include:
Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Javanese: ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀, romanized: Kraton Ngayogyakarta Adiningrat) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is the seat of the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of Javanese culture and contains a museum displaying royal artifacts. It is guarded by the Yogyakarta Kraton Guards (Indonesian: Prajurit Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat).

Hamengkubuwono I
Hamengkubuwono I (Javanese script: ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤꦆ, Bahasa Jawa: Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I), born Raden Mas Sujana (Kartasura, 16 August 1717 – Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Sultanate 24 March 1792), was the first sultan of Yogyakarta. He reigned from 1755 to 1792. He has been elevated as a National Hero of Indonesia since 2006, because of his fight against the Dutch at that time and establishment of Yogyakarta.
Nikolai Skoblin
Nikolai Vladimirovich Skoblin (Russian: Никола́й Влади́мирович Скобли́н; 9 June 1892 – 1938?) was a general in the White Russian army, a senior operative in the émigré expatriate Russian All-Military Union (ROVS) and a recruited Soviet spy, who acted as an intermediary between the NKVD and the Gestapo in the Tukhachevsky affair and was instrumental in the abduction of the ROVS chairman Yevgeny Miller in Paris in 1937. He was married to the Russian singer Nadezhda Plevitskaya.

Walter Krivitsky
Walter Germanovich Krivitsky (Russian: Ва́льтер Ге́рманович Криви́цкий; born Samuel Gershevich Ginsberg; Russian: Самуил Гершевич Гинзберг; June 28, 1899 – February 10, 1941) was a Soviet military intelligence spymaster who defected to the West and revealed plans for the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
Sim Seung-seob
Sim Seung-seob (Korean: 심승섭, born January 28, 1963) is the 33rd Chief of Naval Operations for the Republic of Korea Navy. He was sworn in on July 18, 2019.

He was born in Jeonbuk Province and attended the Korea Naval Academy.  He previously held the position of Chief Directorate of Strategic Planning for the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea and served as commander of the South Korean 1st Fleet. He holds the rank of Admiral.

Chief of Naval Operations (South Korea)
The chief of naval operations of the Republic of Korea Navy (Korean: 대한민국 해군참모총장; Hanja: 大韓民國海軍參謀總長) is the head of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). The post was established following the induction of Joseon Coastal Guards (조선해안경비대) into the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and the subsequent renaming of the organization as the Republic of Korea Navy in 1948. Originally held by a vice admiral, the post of CNO has been held by an admiral since 1968.

The appointment of the CNO, along with the chiefs of staff of the Army, chiefs of staff of the Air Force and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is referred to the State Council of South Korea for deliberation according to Article 89, Constitution of South Korea.
Chemical oxygen demand
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution, which in SI units is milligrams per liter (mg/L). A COD test can be used to quickly quantify the amount of organics in water. The most common application of COD is in quantifying the amount of oxidizable pollutants found in surface water (e.g. lakes and rivers) or wastewater. COD is useful in terms of water quality by providing a metric to determine the effect an effluent will have on the receiving body, much like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
I Won't Be Crying
"I Won't Be Crying" is the Danish dance band Infernal's 3rd single released in the UK. "I Won't Be Crying" peaked #1 at the TV-channel The Voice TV Danmark. The music video was directed by Loic Maes and shot in Paris. This is their most viewed video on YouTube, 3 million views As of October 2010.

The song heavily samples "Strangelove", a 1987 song by the English band Depeche Mode.

The UK release date was set to be 21 May 2007. According to the band's website it would have guaranteed them a UK tour, if this single reached #1. The CD single release was cancelled in the UK, due to an apparent lack of media support. However, it did reach #123 in the singles chart due to digital download sales.

Strangelove (song)
"Strangelove" is a song by English electronic band Depeche Mode, released on 27 April 1987 as the lead single from their sixth studio album, Music for the Masses (1987).

It was an international success, reaching number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, number two in West Germany and South Africa, and the top 20 in several other countries, including Ireland, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. In the United States, it reached number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was the first of nine number ones on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart, where it stayed for three weeks at the top. The band considered the song instrumental in helping them break into chart success and broad popularity in the American market, which they had struggled with for most of their career to that point.
Agriculture in Florida
Agriculture plays a major role in the history and economy of the American state of Florida. Florida's relatively warm climate gives it a competitive position for many markets in the United States. Florida produces the majority of citrus fruit grown in the United States and is particularly well known for its oranges which are primarily processed into orange juice. Bell peppers, tomatoes, sugarcane, peaches, strawberries, and watermelons are also important crops. Florida produces a small amount of grape wine.

Labor issues have been a part of the industry since colonization with a history of first slave and then exploited labor. The agricultural industry is a major water user in Florida and overall the industry has a significant impact on Florida's environment including the Everglades.

Fumigation
Fumigation is a method of pest control or the removal of harmful microorganisms by completely filling an area with gaseous pesticides, or fumigants, to suffocate or poison the pests within. It is used to control pests in buildings (structural fumigation), soil, grain, and produce. Fumigation is also used during the processing of goods for import  or export to prevent the transfer of exotic organisms.

Structural fumigation targets pests inside buildings (usually residences), including pests that inhabit the physical structure itself, such as woodborers and drywood termites. Commodity fumigation, on the other hand, is also to be conducted inside a physical structure, such as a storage unit, but it aims to eliminate pests from infesting physical goods, usually food products, by killing pests within the container which will house them.

Each fumigation lasts for a certain duration. This is because after spraying the pesticides, or fumigants, only the pests around are eradicated.
Padamjit Singh Ahluwalia
Air Marshal Padamjit Singh Ahluwalia (born 1947 or 1948) also known as P. S. Ahluwalia, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM, is a retired Indian Air Force officer. He served as the Commander-in-Chief of both Southern and Western Air Commands of India. He retired on 31 December 2007.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Sho Endo
Sho Endo (遠藤 尚, Endō Shō; born (1990-07-04)July 4, 1990 in Inawashiro, Fukushima) is a Japanese freestyle skier.

Endo competed in moguls, at the 2010 Winter Olympics. He qualified for the moguls final and finished 7th.

As of February 2013, his best showing at the World Championships came in 2011, placing 21st, in the moguls event.

He made his World Cup debut in December 2007. As of February 2013, he has twice won bronze medals in World Cup moguls events, including his first medal at Åre in 2011/12. His best World Cup finish is 8th, also in 2011/12.

2011–12 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2011/12 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the thirty third World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 9 December 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012. This season included five disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe and slopestyle.
2024 United Cup
The 2024 United Cup was the second edition of the United Cup, an international outdoor hard court mixed-sex team tennis competition held by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Serving as the opener for the 2024 ATP Tour and the 2024 WTA Tour, it was held from 29 December 2023 to 7 January 2024 at two venues in the Australian cities of Perth and Sydney. It offered both ATP rankings and WTA rankings points to its players; a player was able to win a maximum of 500 points.

Team Germany defeated team Poland 2–1 in the final. Team Germany won the title after Alexander Zverev saved two match points in his singles tie against Hubert Hurkacz. All five of team Germany's matches were decided by the final mixed doubles match, with Zverev playing singles and doubles in all the ties.  Team United States was the defending champion, but was eliminated in the group stage.

United Cup
The United Cup is an international hard court tennis competition featuring mixed-gender teams from 18 countries. The first event was held in December 2022 into January 2023. The event is played across multiple Australian cities over 11 days in the leadup to the Australian Open.
32VSB
32VSB is an acronym for 32-level vestigial sideband modulation, capable of transmitting five bits (25=32) at a time.

32VSB is rarely used, because receivers have more trouble distinguishing between so many fine levels of modulation.  It can, however, be useful in situations such as short last mile coaxial cable runs, which bring fiber to the curb systems into the home as regular cable TV, cable modem, and cable telephone services.

Other slower but more rugged forms include 2VSB, 4VSB, 8VSB, and 16VSB.

2VSB
In telecommunications, 2VSB is an abbreviation for 2-level vestigial sideband modulation, a transmission method capable of transmitting one bit (21=2) at a time.

Other faster but less rugged forms include 4VSB, 8VSB, and 16VSB.
Lord proprietor
A lord proprietor is a person granted a royal charter for the establishment and government of an English colony in the 17th century. The plural of the term is "lords proprietors" or "lords proprietary".

John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton
John  Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602 –  26 August 1678) of  Berkeley House in Westminster and of Twickenham Park in Middlesex, was an English royalist soldier, politician and diplomat, of the Bruton branch of the Berkeley family.  From 1648 he was closely associated with James, Duke of York (the future King James II), and rose to prominence, fortune, and fame. He and Sir George Carteret were the founders of the Province of New Jersey, a British colony in North America that would eventually become the U.S. state of New Jersey. The territorial designation of his title refers to his role at the Battle of Stratton, Cornwall, in 1643 at which the Royalists destroyed Parliament's field army in Devon and Cornwall.
Basarab the Young
Basarab IV cel Tânăr ("the Young"), also known as Țepeluș ("the little Impaler"), (before 1444 ? – 23 March 1482) son of Basarab II, and grandson of Dan II (1422-1431) was 4 times the voivode of the principality of Wallachia between 1474 and 1482: from Oct to Dec 1474, from Jan 1478 to June 1480, from Nov 1480 to before July 1481, and again from Aug 1481 to July 1482.

This was during an unstable political climate in medieval Wallachia that had another 4 princes ruling for some periods of time in those years.

Radu the Handsome
Radu III of Wallachia, commonly called Radu the Handsome, Radu the Fair, or Radu the Beautiful (Romanian: Radu cel Frumos; Turkish: Radu Bey; c. 1438 – January 1475), was the younger brother of Vlad III (a.k.a. Vlad the Impaler) and prince of the principality of Wallachia. They were both sons of Vlad II Dracul and his wife, Princess Cneajna of Moldavia. In addition to Vlad III, Radu also had two older siblings, Mircea II and Vlad Călugărul, both of whom would also briefly rule Wallachia.
In 1462, he defeated his brother, Vlad III, alongside Ottoman Empire sultan Mehmed II.