hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laird Solution
The Laird Solution, also called the Laird LC-DW Solution, Laird LC-DW300 Super Solution and Laird LC-DW500 Super Solution, was touted as being the "solution" to the problem of the Travel Air Mystery Ship. The Solution won the 1930 Thompson Trophy race days.

Travel Air Type R Mystery Ship
The Type R "Mystery Ships" were a series of wire-braced, low-wing racing airplanes built by the Travel Air company in the late 1920s and early 1930s. They were so called because the first two aircraft of the series (R614K, R613K, together with Model B-11-D R612K) were built entirely in secrecy.

In total, five Type Rs were built and flown by some of the most notable flyers of the day, including Jimmy Doolittle, Doug Davis, Frank Hawks, and Pancho Barnes, not only in races but also at air shows across the United States, and most notably, by Hawks in Europe.
Knockout CP Freshmart
Thammanoon Niyomtrong (Thai: ธรรมนูญ นิยมตรง, born 20 September 1990), known by his ring name Knockout CP Freshmart, is a Thai professional boxer and former Muay Thai fighter. As a professional boxer, he won world titles in two weight divisions including the World Boxing Council (WBC) light-flyweight title in December 2025, and previously held the World Boxing Association (WBA) mini-flyweight title from 2016 to 2020, and the (Super version) from 2020 to 2024.

Lumpinee Boxing Stadium
Lumpinee Boxing Stadium (Thai: สนามเวทีมวยลุมพินี) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand.  Opened more than a decade later than Rajadamnern Stadium, Lumpinee is run by the Royal Thai Army. It has become the symbol of modern Muay Thai. Only Rajadamnern Stadium rivals the prestige of holding the title of "Muay Thai Champion of Lumpinee". The ranking system and championship titles are held from mini flyweight (105 lb) up to super welterweight (154 lb).

Muay Thai bouts are held on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The fights usually start around 18:00.

The final event at its original site on Rama IV Road near Lumphini Park (where One Bangkok is currently being built) was held on 8 February 2014. The stadium then moved to its new home on Ram Inthra Road which can hold up to 5,000 spectators. The new stadium held the first fight on 11 February 2014 and was officially opened on 28 February 2014.
The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film)
The Wind That Shakes the Barley is a 2006 war drama film directed by Ken Loach, set during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) and the Irish Civil War (1922–1923). Written by long-time Loach collaborator Paul Laverty, the film tells the fictional story of two County Cork brothers, Damien (Cillian Murphy) and Teddy O'Donovan (Pádraic Delaney), who join the Irish Republican Army to fight for Irish independence from the United Kingdom, only for the two brothers to then find themselves on opposite sides during the subsequent Irish Civil War.

The film takes its title from Robert Dwyer Joyce's "The Wind That Shakes the Barley", a song set during the 1798 rebellion in Ireland and featured early in the film.

Widely praised, the film won the Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Loach's biggest box office success as of 2007, the film did well around the world and set a record in Ireland as the highest-grossing Irish-made independent film, until surpassed by The Guard.

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands
Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands was an exhibition of Islamic art hosted by Somerset House in London, England from 25 March to 22 August 2004. It drew from two collections: the UK-based Khalili Collection of Islamic Art (the world's largest private collection of Islamic art) and Russia's Hermitage Museum.

The exhibition showed a range of fine and decorative art from Islamic countries, spanning more than a thousand years. The works included illuminated Quran manuscripts, paintings, metalwork, textiles, and ceramics. Critics' reviews were favourable, praising the beauty and diversity of the art on display.

J. M. Rogers
John Michael Rogers, FBA, FSA (1935 – 25 December 2022) was a British art historian who was an expert in Islamic art history. He was Khalili Professor Emeritus of Islamic Art at SOAS, University of London from 1991 and a published author. In his later years, he was Honorary Curator of the Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art.
James Madison University College of Arts and Letters
The College of Arts and Letters is one of the academic colleges at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia. It includes the Schools of Communication, Information, and Media, the School of Liberal Arts, and the School of Public and International Affairs.

James Madison University
James Madison University (JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1908, the institution was renamed in 1938 in honor of the fourth president of the United States, James Madison. It has since expanded from its origins as a normal school and teacher's college into a comprehensive university. It is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, just west of Massanutten Mountain.
Joseph H. Morgan
Joseph Harvey Morgan (July 23, 1884 – October 30, 1967) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Arizona from February 13, 1945, to January 6, 1947.

Morgan graduated from the University of Nebraska College of Law in 1910. In that year he married Theola Linn of North Bend, Nebraska. The couple moved to Prescott, Arizona and Morgan was admitted to the Arizona bar in 1910. The couple had 4 children. He served as assistant Yavapai County attorney. Morgan was "active in Boy Scout work, member of the Prescott Rotary club, and is a former regent of the University of Arizona". Morgan was appointed to fill a vacancy on the Arizona Supreme Court, caused by the death of Henry D. Ross, on February 13, 1945. He sought election to a full term in 1946, losing in the primary to Levi Stewart Udall by 3150 votes. Harvey was involved with the Democratic Party. He died at a nursing home in Phoenix, Arizona.

Henry D. Ross
Henry Davis Ross (September 12, 1861 – February 9, 1945) was an American jurist and politician. Before his election to the Arizona Supreme Court, he served as county attorney for both Coconino and Yavapai counties as well as a member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature. Following Arizona statehood, he served on the state's highest bench for 33 years and was selected chief justice on six occasions. Ross served the longest tenure in the court's history while his brother, John Wilson Ross, served the shortest.
Horace Stoneham
Horace Charles Stoneham (/ˈstoʊnəm/ STOW-nəm; April 27, 1903 – January 7, 1990) was the owner of the New York / San Francisco Giants from 1936 to 1976. During his ownership, the Giants won the 1954 World Series and four National League pennants in 1936, 1937, 1951, and 1962, and moved from Manhattan to San Francisco.

1936 New York Giants (MLB) season
The 1936 New York Giants season was the franchise's 54th season. The Giants went 92–62, and won the National League pennant. The team went on to lose to the New York Yankees in the World Series, four games to two.
Gurli Ramgarhwa railway station
Gurli Ramgarhwa railway station is a railway station on Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line under the Varanasi railway division of North Eastern Railway zone. This is situated beside Siswa Bazar Road at Sabaya in Maharajganj district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Varanasi railway division
Varanasi railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of North Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 May 1969 and its headquarter is located at Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh of India.

Izzatnagar railway division (at Bareilly City) and Lucknow NER railway division are the other two railway divisions under NER Zone headquartered at Gorakhpur.
TV4 Fakta XL
TV4 FaktaXL was a Swedish factual television channel owned and operated by the TV4 Group and was a sister channel of TV4 Fakta. It started broadcasting in August 2012 replacing the now closed TV4 Science Fiction.

The channel broadcasts factual programs involving the world, humanity and technology.

Many of the programs shown on TV4 Fakta XL were purchased from the UK, Australia, Canada, France and Denmark. It also airs Swedish-produced programs and films which they accounted for about 10 percent of the offering.

The channel ends its broadcasts on September 30, 2017 alongside its comedy channel, TV4 Komedi.

TV4 Fakta
TV4 Fakta is a Swedish documentary television channel owned by the TV4 Group. It started broadcasting in 2005.

Much of the programming is taken from A+E Networks.  Since December 2005, the remainder of the schedule has been filled with the English language version of Euronews. The TV4 Group bought a stake in Euronews in June 2006.

TV4 Fakta was the first channel owned by the TV4 Group that was not broadcast from Sweden. It is broadcast from Finland, where the advertising laws are more liberal. In November 2006, a Finnish version of the channel, called MTV3 Fakta, was launched in cooperation with MTV3. The channels have been broadcasting from Sweden since 2009. A version for Norway was launched in 2010.
2023 USA Sevens
The 2023 USA Sevens was the eighteenth edition of the rugby sevens tournament. It was held at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, Los Angeles, California between 25 and 26 February 2023. The title defenders were three-time USA Sevens champions New Zealand.

The tournament was won by New Zealand, who successfully defended their 2022 title.

USA Sevens
The USA Sevens is a rugby sevens tournament held annually during March in the United States. The USA Sevens is the largest annual rugby competition in North America, having drawn over 80,000 fans to events. The USA Sevens was introduced in 2004, originally in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson, California. The event moved to San Diego in 2007, and from there moved to Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas in 2010. It then spent the entire decade of the 2010s in Las Vegas before returning to Carson in 2020. The USA Sevens tournament features 8 international teams. The USA Sevens is one of several tournaments on the World Rugby Sevens Series.
Manganese(II) fluoride
Manganese(II) fluoride is the chemical compound composed of manganese and fluoride with the formula MnF2. It is a light pink solid, the light pink color being characteristic for manganese(II) compounds. It is made by treating manganese and diverse compounds of manganese(II) in hydrofluoric acid.  Like some other metal difluorides, MnF2 crystallizes in the rutile structure, which features octahedral Mn centers.

Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive. A common concentration is 49% (48–52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature. It is used to make most organofluorine compounds; examples include the commonly used pharmaceutical antidepressant medication fluoxetine (Prozac) and the  material polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Elemental fluorine is produced from it. It is commonly used to etch glass and silicon wafers.
2025 Mission 176 at The Glen
The 2025 Mission 176 at The Glen (or United Rentals 176) was the 17th stock car race of the 2025 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and the 7th iteration of the event after a four-year absence of Truck racing at Watkins Glen International. The race was held on Friday, August 8, 2025, at Watkins Glen Internationalin Watkins Glen, New York, a 2.454 miles (3.949 km) permanent road course. The race was contested over 81 laps, extended from 72 laps due to a triple-overtime finish.

In a wild ending with numerous cautions, Corey Heim, driving for Tricon Garage, would survive a triple-overtime thriller and held off Daniel Hemric on the final lap to earn his 17th career NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series win, his sixth of the season, and his fourth consecutive win on a road course. Heim was the dominant driver of the race as well, winning the first stage and led a race-high 44 laps. Gio Ruggiero rounded out the podium in third, while Christopher Bell and Tyler Ankrum rounded out the top five.

NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series at Watkins Glen
The NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series has competed at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York, on a varying basis. The race is currently known as the Mission 176 at The Glen.

Introduced in 1996 as part of a Truck Series schedule expansion, the inaugural running was won by Ron Hornaday Jr. Being on a road course, the race attracted road course ringers with road racing experience. It was removed from the calendar in 2000 due to scheduling conflicts, but was re-added in 2021 as the Truck Series' final race before the NASCAR playoffs. The race was dropped again in 2022, and then was re-added to the schedule for the 2025 season.
Ring counter
A ring counter is a type of counter composed of flip-flops connected into a shift register, with the output of the last flip-flop fed to the input of the first, making a "circular" or "ring" structure.

There are two types of ring counters:

A straight ring counter, also known as a one-hot counter, connects the output of the last shift register to the first shift register input and circulates a single one (or zero) bit around the ring.

A twisted ring counter, also called switch-tail ring counter, walking ring counter, Johnson counter, or Möbius counter, connects the complement of the output of the last shift register to the input of the first register and circulates a stream of ones followed by zeros around the ring.

Hamming distance
In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings or vectors of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. In other words, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or equivalently, the minimum number of errors that could have transformed one string into the other. In a more general context, the Hamming distance is one of several string metrics for measuring the edit distance between two sequences. It is named after the American mathematician Richard Hamming.

A major application is in coding theory, more specifically to block codes, in which the equal-length strings are vectors over a finite field.
Jacksen F. Tiago
Jacksen Ferreira Tiago (born 28 May 1968) commonly known as Jacksen F. Tiago or JFT, is a Brazilian retired footballer. After retiring from playing, he became a football manager. One of the most influential in Indonesian football history, he has a tremendous records for both as a player and as a manager. As a long-time resident of Indonesia, he is fluent in Indonesian and Javanese.

2010–11 Indonesia Super League
The 2010–11 Indonesia Super League (also known as Djarum Indonesia Super League for sponsorship reasons) was the 3th season of the Indonesia Super League, a fully professional football competition that replaced the Premier Division as the top-tier of football competition in the country. The competition began on 26 September 2010 and ended on 19 June 2011.

The league was won by Persipura Jayapura, who finished with an eight-point lead over runners-up and 2009–10 champions Arema Malang.
Henrik Skadelår
Henrik Svendsen (Latin: Henricus; unknown - 4 June 1134), better known as Henrik Skadelår or Henrik the Lame, was a Danish prince and pretender through his father, Svend Tronkræver, an illegitimate son of King Sweyn II. He died in the Battle of Fotevik before he could press his claim.

Magnus the Strong
Magnus the Strong (c. 1106 – 4 June 1134), also known as Magnus Nilsson (Danish: Magnus Nielsen/Nielssøn), was a Danish duke who ruled Götaland in southern Sweden from the 1120s to c. 1132. It is disputed whether he was elected king by the Swedes, but he is nevertheless sometimes found in the modern list of Swedish monarchs as Magnus I. Snorri Sturlason gives him the epithet "Strong".

He was also briefly co-king of Denmark from 15 April 1134 and until his death.
Enfidha
Enfidha (or Dar-el-Bey, Arabic: دار البي Enfīđa / Dar el bāyⓘ) is a town in north-eastern Tunisia with a population of approximately 10,000. It is visited by tourists on their way to Takrouna. It lies on the railway between Tunis and Sousse, approximately 45 km northeast of Sousse and a few kilometres inland from the Gulf of Hammamet. The nearby Enfidha – Hammamet International Airport opened in 2009, serving charter flights from several European countries.

Takrouna
Takrouna (Berber: ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵏⴰ ; Arabic: تكرونة) also spelled as Ta Kurunna, is a small village in the Sahel region of Tunisia. It stands on a hill at approximately 200 metres above sea level, overlooking the Gulf of Hammamet, Hergla and Sousse to the east, Djebel Zaghouan to the north, and the Kairouan plain to the south.
S&NA North Subdivision
The S&NA North Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Alabama. The line runs from Brentwood, Tennessee, to Fultondale, Alabama, for a total of 186.9 miles (300.8 km). At its north end the line continues south from the Nashville Terminal Subdivision Main Section and at its south end the line continues south as the Boyles Terminal Subdivision of the Atlanta Division.

Atlanta Division
The Atlanta Division is a railroad division operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida & Tennessee. The Atlanta Division has 18 subdivisions.

The subdivisions within the Atlanta Division are as follows:

Atlanta Terminal Subdivision

Abbeville Subdivision

A&WP Subdivision

Birmingham Mineral Subdivision

Boyles Terminal Subdivision

Camak Subdivision

Cartersville Subdivision

Etowah Subdivision

Georgia Subdivision

Gainesville Midland Subdivision

KD Subdivision

Lineville Subdivision

M&M Subdivision

Manchester Subdivision

NO&M Subdivision

PD Subdivision

S&NA South Subdivision

W&A Subdivision
Hudson Memorial Church, Bengaluru
The Hudson Memorial Church is located in the Bangalore Pete, Hudson Circle, surrounded by the Office of the Bangalore Corporation, Ulsoor Gate Police Station, Cubbon Park and Kanteerava Stadium. The church was established in 1904, and is a Kannada CSI church of the Bangalore Diocese. The church has around 4000 registered members and is named after Rev. Josiah Hudson, a missionary, Canarese scholar and educationist who started many Canarese schools in the Bangalore Petah region. The church was earlier known as the Wesleyan Mission Canarese Chapel, and was located in Ganikara Street, Nagarathpet, and moved the current location at Hudson Circle and renamed as Hudson Memorial Church in 1904. The church attracts people of all faiths, who visit the church to seek blessing, especially in Thursdays and Sundays.

William Reeve (missionary)
See also William Reeve (bishop) (1844-1925), missionary to Canada

William Reeve (1794-1850) was a London Missionary Society missionary to India, author of an early dictionary of the Kannada language, and translator with John Hands of the Bible into Kannada. The dictionary was compiled from 1827 to 1834, when he was in Bangalore. His connection with the Society ceased 23 November 1835.

William Reeve was the first to compile the Canarese - English dictionary, which was published in 1858, by the Wesleyan Mission Press, financially supported by Sir. Mark Cubbon the British Resident of Mysore.

Reeve was minister of the Congregational church at Oswestry, from 1836 to 1843. He then suffered a complete loss of sight, and moved to Bristol. He died in 1850.
Sweet Liberty (Susan McKeown album)
Sweet Liberty is a studio album by Irish folk singer Susan McKeown.It was released through World Village and Hibernia Records on April 13, 2004. Produced by McKeown, Sweet Liberty features a variety of musical influences from around the globe, including Celtic folk, Mexican Mariachi, and Malian Tuareg music.

Sweet Liberty was met with critical acclaim from various media outlets, including AllMusic, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Hot Press, and Paste, among others. "Eggs in Her Basket" was nominated for Best Original Track at the 2005 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards.

Flook (band)
Flook is an Anglo-Irish band playing traditional-style instrumental music, much of it penned by the band themselves. Their music is typified by extremely fast, sometimes percussive, flute and whistle atop complex guitar and bodhrán rhythms. Flook is made up of Brian Finnegan, Sarah Allen, Ed Boyd and John Joe Kelly.
2023 AFC Annual Awards
The 2023 AFC Annual Awards was the 28th edition of the AFC Annual Awards; an awards ceremony for football players, coaches, members and other practitioners of the year in Asia. The award ceremony was held at the Grand Peace Palace, part of Kyung Hee University campus in Seoul, South Korea on 29 October 2024.

AFC Annual Awards
The AFC Annual Awards are awards given by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) to the most outstanding performers of the Asian football season. The awards are presented at the end of each year at a special gala.
Cordillera Riesco
The Cordillera Riesco is a mountain range
located in the Chilean Patagonia to the west of Puerto Natales. It extends in north–south direction on the eastern shore of the Fjord of the Mountains and parallel to the Cordillera Sarmiento. The rock towers of the "Grupo La Paz" are the centerpiece of this mountain range. The range includes the Cerro Toro formation, within which the Cueva del Milodon Natural Monument is situated; this monument comprises a cave complex where remains of the extinct Giant sloth have been recovered along with evidence of occupation by prehistoric man.

Cueva del Milodón Natural Monument
Cueva del Milodón Natural Monument is a Natural Monument located in the Chilean Patagonia, 24 km (15 mi) northwest of Puerto Natales and 270 km (168 mi) north of Punta Arenas.

The monument is situated along the flanks of Cerro Benitez.  It comprises several caves and a rock formation called Silla del Diablo (Devil's Chair). The monument includes a cave which is notable for the discovery in 1895 of skin, bones and other parts of a ground sloth called Mylodon darwini, from which the cave takes its name. It is also part of the End of the World Route, a scenic touristic route.
4-AcO-DiPT
4-AcO-DiPT, also known as 4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine or as ipracetin, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin). It is taken orally.

The drug is thought to likely be a prodrug of 4-HO-DiPT, which acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It produces psychedelic-like effects in animals.

4-AcO-DiPT was first described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin by 2003. It was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2005.

Serotonin receptor agonist
A serotonin receptor agonist is an agonist of one or more serotonin receptors. They activate serotonin receptors in a manner similar to that of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors.