hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Santos León Herrera
Santos León Herrera (21 May 1874 – 8 May 1950) was a Costa Rican engineer and politician who served as interim President of Costa Rica for 18 days during the country's 1948 civil war, serving from April 20 - May 8 of that year. He also previously served as vice president of the country, as part of the Teodoro Picado Michalski administration of 1944–1948. Before that, he served as interior minister from 1932–1936.

President of Costa Rica
The president of the Republic of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica. The president is currently elected in direct elections for a period of four years, which is not immediately renewable. Two vice presidents are elected in the same ticket with the president. The president appoints the Council of Ministers. Due to the abolition of the military of Costa Rica in 1948, the president is not a commander-in-chief, unlike the norm in most other countries, although the Constitution does describe him as commander-in-chief of the civil defense public forces.

From 1969 to 2005, the president was barred from seeking reelection. After the amendment banning reelection was overturned by the Supreme Court in 2005, an incumbent president became eligible to run again after waiting for at least eight years after leaving office.
Sarawan
Sarawan (Balochi: سراوان) was a division of the former princely state of Kalat in Baluchistan, Pakistan, with an area 4,339 square miles (11,240 km2). To the north were Quetta, Pishin, Bolan Pass and Sibi District. On the south was the division of Jhalawan. The main mountain ranges are Nagau, Bhaur, Zamuri hills, Bangulzai hills with the peaks of Moro, Dilband and Harboi.

Jhalawan
Jhalawan (Brahui: جھالاوان, romanized: Jhālāwān) was an administrative division of the  Khanate of Kalat, a princely state ruled by Brahuis that acceded to Pakistan in 1947. It was established in the 17th-century and its boundary was fixed with Sindh in 1853.  It was located in the southeastern part of Kalat State, north of Las Bela, west of the Kacchi and Sindh and east of the Kharan and Makran.
Monica Bertagnolli
Monica M. Bertagnolli (born 1959) is an American surgical oncologist who was the 17th director of the National Institutes of Health. She previously served as the 16th director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Prior to her governmental positions, she worked at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana–Farber Cancer Institute and was the Richard E. Wilson Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School.

She has advocated for inclusion of rural communities in clinical studies and served as Chair of the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology until her appointment to lead the NCI. Bertagnolli specializes in the treatment of tumors from gastrointestinal diseases and soft tissue sarcomas. She is the former President of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and was inducted into the National Academy of Medicine in 2021.

Director of the National Institutes of Health
In the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency responsible for medical research. The director of the National Institutes of Health plays an active role in shaping the agency's activities and outlook. The director is responsible for providing leadership to the institutes and for constantly identifying needs and opportunities, especially for efforts that involve multiple institutes. The NIH director is responsible for advising the U.S. president on their annual budget request to Congress on the basis of extensive discussions with the institute directors.
Andic languages
The Andic languages are a branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. They are often grouped together with the Avar language and (formerly) with the Tsezic (Didoic) languages to form an Avar–Andic (or Avar–Andic–Didoic) branch of that family.

Tsezic languages
The Tsezic languages (also called Didoic languages) form one of the seven main branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family. It branches into Tsez–Hinukh and Bezhta–Hunzib–Khwarshi, according to research published in 2009. They were formerly classified geographically into East Tsezic (Hinukh and Bezhta) and West Tsezic (Tsez, Khwarshi and Hunzib).
The Avar language serves as the literary language for speakers of Tsezic languages.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the fourteen U.S. representatives from the State of Georgia, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections were held on May 21, 2024.

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 14 U.S. representatives from the state of Georgia, one from each of the state's 14 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

Primaries were held on June 9, 2020, coinciding with primaries for U.S. president, U.S. Senate, General Assembly, county and regional prosecutorial offices as well as local non-partisan elections. It was the first time since 1994 that both major parties contested all congressional districts in the state, even though the Democratic nominee for the 14th district had suspended his campaign prior to the general election; it was also the first time since 2012 that Republicans contested all districts, as it was for Democrats for the first time since 2008.
Form letter
A form letter is a letter written from a template, rather than being specially composed for a specific recipient. The most general kind of form letter consists of one or more regions of boilerplate text interspersed with one or more substitution placeholders.

Although form letters are generally intended for a wide audience, many form letters include stylistic elements or features intended to appear specifically tailored to the recipient. For example, they might be signed by autopen and use features such as mail merge, which automatically inserts the names of the individual recipients.

Letter (message)
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person (or group of people) to another through a medium. Something epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing. The term usually excludes written material intended to be read in its original form by large numbers of people, such as newspapers and placards, although even these may include material in the form of an "open letter". The typical form of a letter for many centuries, and the archetypal concept even today, is a sheet (or several sheets) of paper that is sent to a correspondent through a postal system. A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings.
1993 NSL Cup final (April)
The 1993 NSL Cup final (April) was the final match of the 1992–93 NSL Cup, the 17th season of the National Soccer League Cup. It was played at Marconi Stadium in Sydney on 18 April 1993 between Heidelberg United and Parramatta Eagles. Heidelberg United won the match 2–1 for their first NSL Cup title.

1992–93 NSL Cup
The 1992–93 NSL Cup was the 17th season of the National Soccer League Cup. Adelaide City were the holders, having beaten Marconi Fairfield in the 1992 NSL Cup Final. They were eliminated by Heidelberg United in the semi-finals. Heidelberg United beat Parramatta Eagles in the Final to win their 1st NSL Cup overall.
Comet tail
A comet tail is a projection of material from a comet that often becomes visible when illuminated by the Sun, while the comet passes through the inner Solar System. As a comet approaches the Sun, solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the comet nucleus, carrying dust away with them.

Blown by the solar wind, these materials typically form two separate tails that extend outwards from the comet's orbit: the dust tail, composed of comet dust, and the gas or ion tail, composed of ionized gases. They become visible through different mechanisms: the dust tail reflects sunlight directly, while the gas tail glows because of the ionization.

Larger dust particles are less affected by solar wind and tend to persist along the comet's trajectory, forming a dust trail which, when seen from Earth in certain conditions, appears as an anti-tail (or antitail) extending in the opposite directions to the main tail.

Magnetosphere
In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by a celestial body with an active interior dynamo.

In the space environment close to a planetary body with a dipole magnetic field such as Earth, the field lines resemble a simple magnetic dipole. Farther out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma, as emitted from the Sun (i.e., the solar wind) or a nearby star. Planets having active magnetospheres, like the Earth, are capable of mitigating or blocking the effects of solar radiation or cosmic radiation. Interactions of particles and atmospheres with magnetospheres are studied under the specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics, and aeronomy.
Siaosi Tuʻipelehake
Siaosi Tuʻipelehake (born Siaosi Fatafehi Toutaitokotaha) was a politician from Tonga who briefly served as Prime Minister of Tonga in January 1905. Tu'ipelehake is a traditional very high-ranking Tongan title. He was the 4th Tu'ipelehake.

He was the father of George Tupou II and a grandson of George Tupou I.

Prime Minister of Tonga
The prime minister of Tonga (historically referred to as the premier) is the head of government of Tonga. Tonga is a monarchy with the king, currently Tupou VI, former prime minister, as head of state. The current prime minister is Fatafehi Fakafānua, who has served since 18 December 2025. Fakafānua was elected by the Legislative Assembly following the 2025 general election.

The office of prime minister was established by the Constitution of 1875, whose article 51 stipulates that the prime minister and other ministers are appointed and dismissed by the king.

The prime minister is assisted by the deputy prime minister.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 685
United Nations Security Council resolution 685, adopted unanimously on 31 January 1991, after recalling resolutions 598 (1987), 618 (1988), 631 (1989), 642 (1989), 651 (1990), 671 (1990) and 676 (1990), and having considered a report by the Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar on the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group, the Council decided:

(a) to renew the mandate of the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group for one more month until 28 February 1991;

(b) to request the Secretary-General, after discussions with both parties, to report on the future of the Observer Group with his recommendations during February 1991.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 651
United Nations Security Council resolution 651, adopted unanimously on 29 March 1990, after recalling resolutions 598 (1987), 619 (1988), 631 (1989) and 642 (1989), and having considered a report by the Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar on the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group, the Council decided:

(a) to call on both Iran and Iraq to implement Resolution 598;

(b) to renew the mandate of the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group for another six months until 30 September 1990;

(c) to request the Secretary-General to report on the situation and the measures taken to implement Resolution 598 at the end of this period.
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
This is an incomplete list of historic properties and districts at United States colleges and universities that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).  This includes National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) and other National Register of Historic Places listings.  It includes listings at current and former educational institutions.

The main list is organized by institution name. A second list of NHLs at colleges and universities is organized by state.

Of the colleges and universities listed here, the University of California, Berkeley, has the most NRHP listings, with 22, including one NHL. Tied for second are Harvard University with 17 NRHP listing including two historic districts and five NHLs, and the University of Florida which has 17, including one historic district with 14 contributing properties. The University of Wisconsin–Madison has the third most identified sites, with 16, of which four are NHLs.

University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
The University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh (UW Oshkosh or UWO) is a public university in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs.
Samoa Samoa
Samoa Sione Samoa (born September 23, 1956) is an American Samoan former player of American football. He was born in Leone, American Samoa, and moved to the mainland United States in ninth grade. He played high school football at Carson High School in Carson, California, and was the quarterback for the South team in the 1976 California Shrine Game played at the Rose Bowl. Samoa played college football at Long Beach City College, earning junior college All-American honors. He then transferred to Washington State University, where he was the Cougars' starting quarterback during the 1980 season. After a strong performance in the Hula Bowl all-star game, Samoa was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the ninth round of the 1981 NFL draft as a running back. He missed the entire 1981 NFL season due to a torn Achilles tendon, and was released before the start of the 1982 season. He later moved back to American Samoa.

Missouri Tigers football
The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football, the Tigers are members in Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
BELvue Museum
The BELvue Museum (French: Musée BELvue; Dutch: BELvue Museum) is a museum in the Royal Quarter of Brussels, Belgium, focusing on the history of Belgium. It is managed by the King Baudouin Foundation (KBF).

The museum is housed in the Hôtel Belle-Vue, an 18th-century neoclassical building between the Place des Palais/Paleizenplein and the Place Royale/Koningsplein, next to the Royal Palace of Brussels. This site is served by Brussels-Central railway station, as well as by the metro stations Parc/Park (on lines 1 and 5) and Trône/Troon (on lines 2 and 6).

Monarchy of Belgium
The monarchy of Belgium is the constitutional and hereditary institution of the monarchical head of state of the Kingdom of Belgium. As a popular monarchy, the Belgian monarch uses the title king/queen of the Belgians and serves as the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the Belgian Armed Forces.

There have been seven Belgian monarchs since independence in 1830. The incumbent, Philippe, ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following the abdication of his father Albert II.
Semimartingale
In probability theory, a real-valued stochastic process X is called a semimartingale if it can be decomposed as the sum of a local martingale and a càdlàg adapted finite-variation process. Semimartingales are "good integrators", forming the largest class of processes with respect to which the Itô integral and the Stratonovich integral can be defined.

The class of semimartingales is quite large (including, for example, all continuously differentiable processes, Brownian motion and Poisson processes). Submartingales and supermartingales together represent a subset of the semimartingales.

Stopping time
In probability theory, in particular in the study of stochastic processes, a stopping time (also Markov time, Markov moment, optional stopping time or optional time) is a specific type of "random time": a random variable whose value is interpreted as the time at which a given stochastic process exhibits a certain behavior of interest. A stopping time is often defined by a stopping rule, a mechanism for deciding whether to continue or stop a process on the basis of the present position and past events, and which will almost always lead to a decision to stop at some finite time.

Stopping times occur in decision theory, and the optional stopping theorem is an important result in this context. Stopping times are also frequently applied in mathematical proofs to "tame the continuum of time", as Chung put it in his book (1982).
Paul Cullen (general)
Major General Paul Alfred Cullen, AC, CBE, DSO & Bar, ED (13 February 1909 – 7 October 2007) was a senior officer in the Australian Army. He joined the Militia in 1927 and saw active service throughout the Second World War, distinguishing himself as a fighting battalion commander on the Kokoda Track. Post war, he continued to serve in the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) and rose to the rank of major general as the CMF Member of the Military Board.

In civil life he was founder of Mainguard, Australia's first merchant bank; founder and first chairman of Austcare; a noted philanthropist and refugee advocate.

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
Erik Brynjolfsson
Erik Brynjolfsson is an American academic, author and inventor. He is the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Professor and a Senior Fellow at Stanford University where he directs the Digital Economy Lab at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI, with appointments at SIEPR, the Stanford Department of Economics and the Stanford Graduate School of Business. He is also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and an author of several books. From 1990 to 2020, he was a professor at MIT.

Brynjolfsson contributes IT productivity research and work on the economics of information, the economics of AI, and the digital economy more generally. According to Martin Wolf, "No economist has done more to promote the revolutionary implications of information technology than MIT’s Erik Brynjolfsson."

Tom M. Mitchell
Tom Michael Mitchell (born August 9, 1951) is an American computer scientist and the Founders University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). He is a founder and former chair of the Machine Learning Department at CMU. Mitchell is known for his contributions to the advancement of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuroscience and is the author of the textbook Machine Learning. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering since 2010. He is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a Fellow and past president of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. In October 2018, Mitchell was appointed as the Interim Dean of the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon.
Plumbane
Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH4. It is a colorless gas. It is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or well known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom. Derivatives of plumbane include lead tetrachloride, PbCl4, and tetraethyllead, (CH3CH2)4Pb.

Germane
Germane is the chemical compound with the formula GeH4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride.
Boutros Harb
Cheikh Boutros Harb (Arabic: الشيخ بطرس حرب; born 3 August 1944) is a Lebanese politician who served at different cabinet posts including Minister of public works and transportation, Minister of education and Minister of Telecommunications.

March 14 Alliance
The March 14 Alliance (Arabic: تحالف 14 آذار, romanized: taḥāluf 14 āḏār), named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, was a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that were united by their anti-Assad stance and by their opposition to the March 8 Alliance. It was led by Saad Hariri, Walid Jumblatt and Samir Geagea, as well as other prominent figures.
Gmina Lipowa
Gmina Lipowa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipowa, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Żywiec and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 58.08 square kilometres (22.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 10,803.

Żywiec County
Żywiec County (Polish: powiat żywiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Żywiec, which lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The county covers an area of 1,039.96 square kilometres (401.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 152,877, out of which the population of Żywiec is 31,194 and the rural population is 121,683.

The county includes part of the protected area known as Żywiec Landscape Park.
L'autre...
L'autre... is the third studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on 8 April 1991. It contains the singer's biggest hit, "Désenchantée", which was number-one in France for nine weeks, and other three top ten hits. The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics and was a great success in terms of chart and sales (#1 for twenty weeks), becoming the best-selling album throughout the singer's career and the twenty second best-selling album of all time in France.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.