hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dedicated to Chaos
Dedicated to Chaos is the twelfth studio album by American progressive metal band Queensrÿche. The album was released first in Japan on June 21, 2011, and a week later in the United States on June 28, 2011, and is the band's first album for Roadrunner Records' Loud & Proud label. It is also their final album to feature longtime lead vocalist Geoff Tate before he was fired from Queensrÿche in 2012.

Like the 2009 release American Soldier, Dedicated to Chaos was recorded by Queensrÿche as a quartet; Parker Lundgren, who was a guest guitarist in this album, subsequently became a permanent member of the band. The album debuted at No. 70 on the Billboard 200. The band's previous album, American Soldier, peaked at No. 25 on the Billboard 200.

American Soldier (album)
American Soldier is the eleventh studio album by American progressive metal band Queensrÿche; it is a concept album released on March 31, 2009. The album debuted at No. 25 on the Billboard 200 chart. As its title suggests, American Soldier revolves around the lives and experiences of those who serve or have served in the United States armed forces.

Following the departure of Mike Stone, the album was the first to entirely be recorded by Queensrÿche as a quartet. It is also the first original album by the band, where founding guitarist Michael Wilton does not receive a single writing credit.
Gwenffrwd, Towy
The Gwenffrwd is a right-bank tributary of the River Towy in northern Carmarthenshire, mid Wales. It rises to the east of Carn Nant-yr-ast and flows in a generally southeasterly direction to its confluence with the Towy, 1 mile to the northwest of the village of Rhandirmwyn. Its only significant tributary is the  Nant Melyn which enters on its right-bank.

River Towy
The River Towy, also known as the River Tywi (Welsh: Afon Tywi, IPA: [ˈtəwɪ]),  is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within Wales. Its total length is 120 km (75 mi). It is noted for its sea trout and salmon fishing.
Provisional government of the Portuguese Republic
The Provisional government of the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Governo Provisório da República Portuguesa) was the cabinet of the Portuguese Government formed following the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the Portuguese Republic. It was sworn in on the day of the Revolution, being composed solely by the Portuguese Republican Party, and it stayed in office until the approval of the 1911 Constitution.

Portuguese Republican Party
The Portuguese Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Português, pronounced [pɐɾˈtiðu ʁɛpuβliˈkɐnu puɾtuˈɣeʃ]) was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of the constitutional monarchy that proposed and later brought about the replacement of the monarchy with the Portuguese First Republic.

When the Republic was established on the 5 October 1910 Revolution, the members of the party initially stood together, but soon began splitting into different parties, including the Democratic Party, Republican Union, and Evolutionist Party, some of which themselves later merged or split to form the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party, Reformist Party, Centrist Republican Party, Popular Party, Radical Party, Republican Liberal Party, Liberal Republican Union, Reconstitution Party and Nationalist Republican Party.
Attempted assassination of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
The attempted assassination of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud occurred on 18 March 2025, when al-Shabaab militants targeted the Somali president's convoy with a roadside bomb in Mogadishu, Somalia.

The attack took place near the Villa Somalia presidential palace as President Mohamud was en route to Aden Adde International Airport to oversee military operations against al-Shabaab in the Middle Shabelle region. The president was unharmed in the attack.

Somali National Army
The Somali National Army (Somali: Ciidanka Xooga Dalka Soomaaliyeed, lit. 'Somali Ground Forces') are the ground forces component of the Somali Armed Forces.

Since Somali independence in 1960, the Army fought to expand and increase Somalia's sphere of influence throughout the Horn of Africa counter to Ethiopia's and Kenya's ambitions, because of this, Somalia had amassed large ground forces. After the fall of Mohammed Siad Barre the Armed Forces began an unsteady rebirth in the 21st century.
History of the Jews in Scotland
The history of the Jews in Scotland goes back to at least the 17th century. It is not known when Jews first arrived in Scotland, with the earliest concrete historical references to a Jewish presence in Scotland being from the late 17th century. Most Scottish Jews today are of Ashkenazi background who mainly settled in Edinburgh, then in Glasgow in the mid-19th century. In 2013 the Edinburgh Jewish Studies Network curated an online exhibition based on archival holdings and maps in the National Library of Scotland exploring the influence of the community on the city.

According to the 2011 census, 5,887 Jews lived in Scotland; a decline of 8.7% from the 2001 census. The total population of Scotland at the time was 5,313,600, making Scottish Jews 0.1% of the population.

Gorbals
The Gorbals is an area in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, and former burgh, on the south bank of the River Clyde. By the late 19th century, it had become densely populated; rural migrants and immigrants were attracted by the new industries and employment opportunities of Glasgow. At its peak during the 1930s, the wider Gorbals district (which includes the directly adjoined localities of Laurieston and Hutchesontown) had risen in population to an estimated 90,000 residents, giving the area a very high population density of around 40,000/km2.

Redevelopment after the Second World War has taken many turns, and the area's population is substantially smaller in the 21st century. The wider Gorbals area was once home to 16 high-rise public housing apartment blocks built in the 1960s and 1970s; now only four remain standing in the Waddell Court area of the Gorbals after the 2025 demolition of the 24 storey Caledonia road high rise flats.
Super RTL
Super RTL is a German free-to-air television network owned by SUPER RTL Fernsehen GmbH, a fully owned subsidiary of RTL Deutschland. The channel originally launched in 1995 as a joint venture between RTL Group predecessor company CLT-UFA and Disney's Buena Vista International Television Investments (later Disney International Operations) division, with the venture then-known as RTL Disney Fernsehen GmbH & Co. KG.

The channel airs daily from 5:00am-12:00am under two different programming slots; Toggo (5:00am-8:00pm), which is aimed at children, and RTL Super (8:00pm-12:00am), which is aimed at families and young adults.

RTL Deutschland
RTL Deutschland (previously Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland) is a German media company based in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in 2007 as a holding company for the German television, broadcasting and content production businesses of the RTL Group, which is majority-owned by Bertelsmann.

On 14 June 2021 it was announced that the Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland would be renamed RTL Deutschland in September 2021. In this context, both the company and the broadcaster RTL got new logos and a new design.
Herrin, Illinois
Herrin is a city in Williamson County, Illinois. The population was 12,352 at the 2020 census.
The city is part of the Marion-Herrin Micropolitan Area and is a part of the Carbondale-Marion-Herrin, Illinois Combined Statistical Area with 123,272 residents, the sixth most populous Combined statistical area in Illinois.

Carbondale, Illinois
Carbondale is a city in Jackson County, Illinois, United States, within the Southern Illinois region informally known as "Little Egypt". As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,083, making it the most populous city in Southern Illinois outside the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis.

Carbondale was established in 1853 and developed as a crossroads of the railroad industry. Today, the major roadways of Illinois Route 13 and U.S. Route 51 intersect in the city. The city is located 96 miles (154 km) southeast of St. Louis on the northern edge of the Shawnee National Forest. It is the home of the main campus of Southern Illinois University.
Nick Denes Field
Nick Denes Field is a baseball venue located on the campus of Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It is home to the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers baseball team, a member of the NCAA Division I Conference USA. The field has a capacity of 1,500 people, 1,000 of which consists of chair-backed seating. In 2010, $1 million renovations added the Paul C. Orberson Baseball Clubhouse. The clubhouse is located down the left field at the venue.

Western Kentucky University
Western Kentucky University (WKU) is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It was founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a few decades earlier. It operates regional campuses in Glasgow, Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, and Owensboro. The main campus sits atop a hill overlooking the Barren River valley.
Gönnersdorf, Neuwied
The village of Gönnersdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœnɐsdɔʁf]), Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, extends on the hills north of the Rhine above the village of Fahr, which lies directly on the river. Gönnersdorf as well as Fahr are today part of the locality of Feldkirchen, itself incorporated into the town of Neuwied.

Fahr (Neuwied)
The ancient village of Fahr bordering the Rhine river is today part of the Feldkirchen district belonging to the town of Neuwied in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The name probably came from the old name Vare or Uff Fähr in local dialect, which relates to today's German word Fähre (English: ferry).
Citizen I
Citizen I (Thai: ทองพูน โคกโพ ราษฎรเต็มขั้น) is a 1977 Thai neo-noir film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol produced by Prommitr Film, distributed by Five Star Production and starring Jatuphol Poopirom and Viyada Umarin. The film revolves around Thongphun Khokpho, a naive young farmer from Isaan who moves to Bangkok with his son in search of a better life and rents a taxi.

Five Star Production
Five Star Production Co. Ltd. (Thai: ไฟว์สตาร์ โปรดักชั่น) is a Thai film production company. It was founded in 1973 by Kiat Iamphungphorn and is today headed by his children, Aphiradee and her younger brothers Kiatkamon and Kiattikul. The company's films include the works of Wisit Sasanatieng (Tears of the Black Tiger, Citizen Dog) and Pen-Ek Ratanaruang (Ruang Talok 69, Monrak Transistor, Last Life in the Universe, Invisible Waves). Other directors associated with Five Star include Thanit Jitnukul, Bhandit Rittakol, and Poj Arnon.
Margaret Schabas
Margaret Schabas FRSC (born 1954) is a Canadian philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of British Columbia notable for her work in the history and philosophy of science, particularly the science of economics. Schabas has also published numerous articles and book chapters on the British empiricists, David Hume, Adam Smith, and John Stuart Mill.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
James Victor (cycling)
James Victor is an Australian cycling coach. He was educated at Iona College, Brisbane, Queensland. In 2011 in Europe, he helped the endurance male track cyclists continued their all-year development through the Australian Institute of Sport Road Program in Varese, Italy

Cycling Australia
Cycling Australia (CA), the trading name of the Australian Cycling Federation Inc, was the national governing body for bicycle racing in Australia, and represented the interests of affiliated cycling clubs and State federations. It covered the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and BMX.

In 2013, Cycling Australia had nearly 50,000 members including Mountain Bike Australia (MTBA) and BMX Australia (BMXA) members. In late November 2020, the three organisations rebranded as AusCycling.

Cycling Australia was a member of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and the Oceania Cycling Confederation (OCC). It was also recognised by the Australian Government, the Australian Olympic Committee, the Australian Commonwealth Games Association and the Australian Paralympic Committee.
Bangladesh Journals Online
Bangladesh Journals OnLine (BanglaJOL) is a project started by the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) funded by the Department of International Development of the British Government to encourage open access of information.

INASP
INASP (International Network for Advancing Science and Policy) is an international development charity working with a global network of partners in Africa, Latin America and Asia.

Based in Oxford, UK and governed by an international Board of Trustees, INASP is run with a small number of full-time staff working with, and through, partners and networks in over one hundred countries. INASP's work is funded by its partner countries, governmental and non-governmental development agencies, and philanthropic foundations.
1993 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 1993 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 12 at the Port Island Sports Center.  The last champion was Ian Brown of Australia.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.

1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 1991 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22 at the Kinsmen Sports Center.  The last champion was Doug Gjertsen of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.
Balmoral, New South Wales (Lake Macquarie)
Balmoral is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia, and is located on the western shore of Lake Macquarie between the towns of Toronto and Morisset.

It has a boat ramp providing access to Secret Bay and Eraring Bay on Lake Macquarie.

People who live in this town have Balmoral (Rathmines) on their license and any post they get due to Balmoral being a town already in NSW in Lower North Shore of Sydney.

Morisset, New South Wales
Morisset (/mɔːrɪˈsɛt/ mo-ree-Set;) is a commercial centre and suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie local government area in the Hunter region in New South Wales, Australia. Morisset is a part of the Greater Newcastle area, it is located west of the lake of Lake Macquarie just off the M1 Pacific Motorway. It is also located approximately halfway between Gosford and the Newcastle CBD. The count at the 2021 census was 4,078 for the gazetted suburb of Morisset. The estimated urban population of the Morisset area, including Cooranbong, was 27,828 as at the 2021 census.
Pemphigus matsumurai
Pemphigus (Pemphigus) matsumurai is a species of gall-forming aphid, in the subgenus, Pemphigus, of the genus, Pemphigus. It was first described in 1927 by the Japanese entomologist, Kota Monzen. Some authorities consider it a synonym of Pemphigus (Pemphigus) niishimae. Others do not. The species epithet, mutsumurai, honours the Japanese entomologist, Shōnen Matsumura.

It is found on the Korean Peninsula,  in Japan, China, Siberia, and possibly elsewhere.

Pemphigus (bug)
Pemphigus  is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.

As of 2023, all aphids in this genus have been found to be gall-inducing.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:
Isaac Galland
Isaac Galland (May 15, 1791 – September 27, 1858) was a merchant, postmaster, land speculator, and doctor. He is best known for selling large tracts of land around Commerce, Illinois, to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1839.

Keokuk, Iowa
Keokuk /ˈkiːəkʌk/ is a city in and a county seat of Lee County, Iowa, United States. It is Iowa's southernmost city. The population was 9,900 at the time of the 2020 census. The city is named after the Sauk chief Keokuk. It is in the extreme southeast corner of Iowa, where the Des Moines River meets the Mississippi. Keokuk is also the home of Keokuk National Cemetery.

It is at the junction of U.S. Routes 61, 136 and 218. Just across the rivers are the towns of Hamilton and Warsaw, Illinois, and Alexandria, Missouri. Keokuk, along with the city of Fort Madison, is a principal city of the Fort Madison-Keokuk micropolitan area, which includes all of Lee County, Iowa, Hancock County, Illinois and Clark County, Missouri.
Brother Speed Motorcycle Club
The Brother Speed Motorcycle Club is an American outlaw motorcycle club that was formed in Boise, Idaho in 1969, and is active in Idaho, Washington,  and Oregon. It once was referred to by the Oregon Department of Justice as one of the nine "motorcycle clubs" active in their state.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
Kurnig
Kurnig (fl. 1894–1918) is the pseudonym of a writer and activist who published several works in German and French on topics including anti-militarism, sexology, philosophy, and education in the late 19th and early 20th century.

Pedro Rosselló (educator)
Pedro (Pere) Rosselló i Blanch (Calonge, Spain 1897–1970), was a Catalan lecturer and educator. He served as the deputy director of the International Bureau of Education (IBE) from 1928-1969, a position which he took over from Elisabeth Rotten. Working alongside director Jean Piaget, he played an integral role in shaping the IBE during its inception as an international organization until its merger with UNESCO in 1969.
Elcot Park Hotel
The Retreat at Elcot Park is a hotel housed in a Grade II-listed 18th-century building located near Kintbury, between Hungerford and Newbury, The Retreat is a 55 bedroom hotel set in 16 acres (6.5 ha) of grounds.

Kintbury
Kintbury is a village and civil parish in the West Berkshire district, Berkshire, England, between the towns of Newbury and Hungerford. The village has a convenient railway to Paddington and Reading, proximity to other transport and local cultural destinations, including Roman and Norman sites, and forms part of a very large Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the North Wessex Downs which extends from the River Thames at Streatley to West Wiltshire. The parish includes the hamlets of Clapton, Elcot and Winding Wood.
Raymonde Berthoud
Raymonde Berthoud (24 November 1919 – 27 May 2007) was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland and was the fourth of Henri Berthoud and Marianne Perrier's five children. She was the sister of Denise Berthoud, granddaughter of Jean-Edouard Berthoud, great-niece of Louis Perrier and great-granddaughter of Louis-Daniel Perrier.

She is the first Swiss citizen to have ever earned the Swiss Abroad Prize for her huge contribution to her country's image. She hid Jews during the Second World War from the Gestapo in Budapest and also worked during six years in Budapest for the Swiss Red Cross delegation. Berthoud was given the title of honorary president of the Swiss Club in Hungary. In 1998 she was honored for her lifetime achievements when she received the Officer's Cross of the Republic of Hungary from Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. She died in Budapest where she is buried at the Fiume Road National Graveyard.

Jean Berthoud
Jean Berthoud (born 1961) is a Swiss banker who served as CEO of Bonhôte from 1990 to 2010, and has chaired the bank's board of directors since then. In addition to his role, he has held various other positions, including member of the Sanctions Commission of the Swiss stock exchange, board member of the Swiss Bankers Association, and councilor at the legislative council of the city of Neuchâtel.
Livre tournois
The livre tournois (French pronunciation: [livʁ tuʁnwa]; lit. 'Tours pound'; abbreviation: ₶ or £) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in early modern France.

The 1262 monetary reform established the livre tournois as 20 sous tournois, or 80.88 grams of fine silver. The franc à cheval was a gold coin of one livre tournois minted in large numbers from 1360.
In 1549, the livre tournois was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the livre parisis. 
In 1720, the livre tournois was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver.
It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.

Pound (currency)
Pound is a name of various units of currency. It is used in some countries today and previously was used in many others. The English word "pound" derives from the Latin expression lībra pondō, "a pound by weight", in which lībra means 'scale' or 'balance' and pondō means 'pound' or 'weight'. The currency's symbol is '£', a stylised form of the blackletter 'L' () (from libra), crossed to indicate abbreviation.

The term was adopted in England from the weight of silver used to make 240 pennies, and eventually spread to British colonies all over the world. Although silver penny mintage began seven centuries earlier, the first pound coin was minted under Henry VII in 1489.
1977–78 San Antonio Spurs season
The 1977–78 San Antonio Spurs season was the second in the NBA, the 5th in San Antonio, and the 11th as a franchise.  While George Gervin was lighting up the scoreboard with his first point title, the Spurs won the Central Division with a 52–30 record. In the playoffs the Spurs would be stunned in 6 games by the eventual champion Washington Bullets In the series, Gervin averaged 33.2 points per game.

George Gervin
George Gervin (/ˈɡɜːrvɪn/ GHUR-vin; born April 27, 1952), nicknamed "the Iceman", is an American former professional basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Virginia Squires, San Antonio Spurs, and Chicago Bulls. Gervin averaged at least 14 points per game in all 14 of his ABA and NBA seasons, and finished with an NBA career average of 26.2 points per game. Widely regarded as a top ten shooting guard in NBA history, in 1996 Gervin was named as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History, and in 2021, Gervin was named as one of the 75 greatest players in NBA history.