hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clapp oscillator
The Clapp oscillator or Gouriet oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that uses a particular combination of an inductor and three capacitors to set the oscillator's frequency. LC oscillators use a transistor (or vacuum tube or other gain element) and a positive feedback network. The oscillator has good frequency stability.

Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.
Nadrožica
Nadrožica (pronounced [ˈnaːdɾɔʒitsa]; Italian: Villa Nadrosizza) is a small settlement southeast of Gorjansko in the Municipality  of Komen in the Littoral region of Slovenia next to the border with Italy.

Gorjansko
Gorjansko (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾjaːnskɔ], Italian: Goriano) is a village in the southwestern part of the Municipality of Komen in the Littoral region of Slovenia on the border with Italy.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Andrew and belongs to the Diocese of Koper. It was built in 1896 on top of the ruins of a smaller Gothic church and was renovated in the late 1950s, when its interior was painted by Tone Kralj. Close to the settlement is also a large cemetery of over 10,000  Austro-Hungarian soldiers of various nationalities that died on the Isonzo front in the First World War. It is the largest such cemetery in Slovenia.
Miss Guatemala 2008
The Miss Guatemala 2008 pageant was held on March 7, 2008 at Auditorio Nacionalin in Guatemala City, Guatemala. This year only 7 candidates were competing for the national crown. The chosen winner represented Guatemala at the Miss Universe 2008 and at Miss Continente Americano 2008. The winner of best national costume, the costume will be use in Miss Universe 2008. Miss World Guatemala represented Guatemala at the Miss World 2008. Miss Guatemala Internacional represented Guatemala at Miss International 2008.

Miss International 2008
Miss International 2008 was the 48th Miss International pageant, held at Venetian Arena in Macau, China on November 8, 2008.

63 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown, marking the biggest turnout in the 48 years of the pageant, surpassing the previous of 61 during last year pageant. The contestants also paid a visit to Hong Kong, Tokyo. Miss International 2007, Priscila Perales of Mexico, crowned her successor Alejandra Andreu of Spain as the new Miss International.
Paccia gens
The gens Paccia, occasionally written Pactia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Only a few members of this gens achieved distinction in the Roman state, of whom the most illustrious was Gaius Paccius Africanus, consul in AD 67.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Rickart space
In mathematics, a Rickart space (after Charles Earl Rickart), also called a basically disconnected space, is a topological space in which open σ-compact subsets have compact open closures.

Grove & Pedersen (1984) named them after C. E. Rickart (1946), who showed that Rickart spaces are related to monotone σ-complete C*-algebras under Gelfand duality, in the same way that  Stonean spaces are related to AW*-algebras.

Rickart spaces were also studied by Paul Halmos under the name Boolean σ-spaces, as they correspond to Boolean σ-algebras via Stone duality.
The concept of Rickart spaces resurfaced in Jamneshan & Tao (2023) under the name Stoneσ-spaces.

Both algebraic descriptions (namely, the C*-algebraic and Boolean algebraic ones) are explicitly discussed in Fritz & Lorenzin (2025).

Rickart spaces are totally disconnected and sub-Stonean spaces.

Totally disconnected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a totally disconnected space is a topological space that has only singletons as connected subsets. In every topological space, the singletons (and, when it is considered connected, the empty set) are connected; in a totally disconnected space, these are the only connected subsets.

An important example of a totally disconnected space is the Cantor set, which is homeomorphic to the set of p-adic integers. Another example, playing a key role in algebraic number theory, is the field Qp of p-adic numbers.
Baghnapara railway station
Baghnapara railway station is a railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Krishnadebpur, Baghnapara, Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Number of EMU and few Passenger trains stop at Baghnapara railway station.

Howrah railway division
Howrah Division is the oldest operational railway division under the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Serving as a major rail hub for Eastern India, its headquarters based in Howrah, West Bengal, and has historical and strategic importance for passenger and freight transport. It is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone. In 2025, the Howrah Division marked its 100th anniversary since it was officially established as a division. It covers the area more than 400 km which includes parts of Bihar and Jharkhand also. The division manages nearly 200 stations ranging from major terminals to smaller halts.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Malda railway division are the other railway divisions under ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Cedric Cromwell
Cedric Cromwell (also known as Qaqeemasq (or Running Bear) in Wôpanâak; born 1965) is the Former Tribal Council Chairman of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe of Massachusetts.  Elected in 2009 as chairman, Cedric Cromwell was the head of the official elected government for the 2,600-member federally recognized tribe.

Cromwell was removed from office in 2020 after being Federally Indicted

Bill Delahunt
William David Delahunt (/ˈdɛləhʌnt/; July 18, 1941 – March 30, 2024) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 10th congressional district from 1997 to 2011. Delahunt did not seek re-election in 2010, and left Congress in January 2011. He was succeeded by Norfolk County District Attorney Bill Keating.
Kamba War
The term Kamba War has been used by historians to refer to a conflict that took place between the Kamba people and communities living in regions around present day Bagamoyo, Tanzania. It has been argued that the Kamba attack forced the communities living in this area to unite against the enemy and that this unification led to the creation of Zaramo identity. The Zaramo are presently the largest ethnic group in the regions surrounding Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.

Kamba people
The Kamba or Akamba (sometimes called Wakamba) people are  Bantu peoples ethnic group who predominantly live in Kenya stretching from Nairobi to Tsavo and northwards to Embu, in the southern part of the former Eastern Province. This land is called Ukambani and constitutes Makueni County, Kitui County and Machakos County. They also form the second largest ethnic group in 8 counties including Nairobi and Mombasa counties.
Rava sheep
The Rava is a French sheep  breed originating from the Massif Central, more specifically from the Chaîne des Puys in the Puy-de-Dôme region. It is characterized by its white fleece with long locks and coarse, garlicky wool, and its bare head marked with black spots. This breed is particularly hardy and well-suited to breeding in the sometimes harsh conditions of its birthplace. In fact, when sent to summer pastures in the Auvergne Volcanoes Regional Nature Park, it helps to maintain the landscape at a lower cost. It is bred as a purebred or crossbred to improve the conformation of lambs destined for the southeastern French market. It almost disappeared, absorbed by crossbreeding with beef breeds to improve conformation, but today seems to be preserved, with around 33,000 to 40,000 sheep in 2000.

Bizet sheep
The Bizet [bi.zɛ] is a domesticated breed of sheep originating from France.  It grows wool but is primarily raised for meat.  In 1952, the Bizet was introduced on the Kerguelen archipelago.  It is utilized as food for the scientific station there.
The See-Saw (Fragonard, Madrid)
The See-Saw is an oil-on-canvas painting by French Rococo artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard, created c.1750–1752 during the artist's early career. It is currently in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid. The painting forms a pair with another Fragonard work entitled Blind Man's Bluff. Blind Man's Bluff focuses on courtship while The See-Saw, and the metaphor of the rocking motion of the seesaw, suggests the relationship has been consummated.

The See-Saw depicts young children playing with a seesaw in a forest grove. It is seen as an important precedent to Fragonard's masterpiece The Swing.

The Swing (Fragonard)
The Swing (French: L'Escarpolette), also known as The Happy Accidents of the Swing (French: Les Hasards heureux de l'escarpolette, the original title), is an 18th-century oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard in the Wallace Collection in London. It is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the Rococo era, and is Fragonard's best-known work.
Open gaming
Open gaming is a movement within the tabletop role-playing game (RPG) industry with superficial similarities to the open source software movement. The key aspect is that copyright holders license their works under public copyright licenses that permit others to make copies or create derivative works of the game.

A number of role-playing game publishers have joined the open gaming movement, largely as a result of the release of the original System Reference Document (SRD) by Wizards of the Coast, which consisted of the core rules of Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition. Open gaming has also been popular among small press role-playing game and supplement authors.

GNU Free Documentation License
The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or GFDL) is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for "invariant sections") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but, if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100), the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.

The GFDL was designed for manuals, textbooks, other reference and instructional materials, and documentation which often accompanies GNU software. However, it can be used for any text-based work, regardless of subject matter. For example, the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia has much of its content licensed under the GFDL (coupled with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License).
Lebanon Pretzel Eaters
The Lebanon Pretzel Eaters were a minor league baseball team based in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. In 1892, the Pretzel Eaters played a partial season as members of the Class B level Pennsylvania State League, hosting minor league home games at Penryn Park. The team folded before the end of the Pennsylvania State League season.

Lebanon station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
Lebanon station is an historic, American railway station that is located in Lebanon, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.

Situated one block south of the Reading Railroad's Lebanon station, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as the Cornwall & Lebanon Railroad Station.
Donald O. Wright
Donald Orr Wright Sr. (November 18, 1892 – July 24, 1985) was a United States Republican politician from the state of Minnesota. He served in the state legislature for eight years and the Minnesota State Senate for 35 years. He was President pro Tempore of the 58th Legislative Session (1953-1954).

Wright attended the University of Minnesota and was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity.

Wright led the Senate's tax committee for many years and was instrumental in the state instituting its civil service system.

Following Ancher Nelsen's 1953 resignation as Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota, Wright assumed that office and held it for the remainder of one term, serving with Governor C. Elmer Anderson. Wright served in that role from September 1954 until January 1955; however during that period the Senate never met in session.

C. Elmer Anderson
Clyde Elmer Anderson (March 16, 1912 – January 22, 1998) was an American politician who served as the 28th governor of Minnesota from September 27, 1951 to January 5, 1955. Anderson also served as the lieutenant governor of Minnesota from 1939 to 1943 and again from 1945 to 1951.
Harold M. Martin
Harold Montgomery Martin (January 28, 1896 – December 3, 1972) was an American naval aviator, commanding officer at Marine Corps Base Hawaii, and vice admiral in the United States Navy. After reaching the rank of vice admiral in 1951, Martin served as commander of United States First Fleet, United States Seventh Fleet, and later commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet until he retired in February 1956 as admiral in the U.S. Navy.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Po-i-Kalyan
Po-i-Kalan, or Poi Kalan (Uzbek: Poi Kalon; Tajik: Пои калон; Persian: پای کلان, romanized: Pā-i Kalān, lit. 'At the Foot of the Great One'), is an Islamic religious complex located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The complex consists of three parts, the Kalan Mosque (Masjid-i Kalan), the Kalan Minaret (Minâra-i Kalân) to which the name refers, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah.

The positioning of the three structures creates a square courtyard in its center, with the Mir-i-Arab and the Kalan Mosque standing on opposite ends. In addition, the square is enclosed by a bazaar and a set of baths connected to the Minaret on the northern and southern ends respectively.

The congregational mosque in the complex is one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, behind the Bibi Khanum Mosque in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and the Great Mosque of Herat, Afghanistan.

Muhammad Shaybani
Muhammad Shaybani Khan (Chagatai and Persian: محمد شیبانی; c. 1451 – 2 December 1510) was an Uzbek leader who consolidated various Uzbek tribes and laid the foundations for their ascendance in Transoxiana and the establishment of the Khanate of Bukhara. He was a Shaybanid or descendant of Shiban (or Shayban). He was the son of Shah-Budag, thus a grandson of the Uzbek conqueror Abu'l-Khayr Khan.
Nahal Issaron
Nahal Issaron (Hebrew: נחל עשרון Naẖal Issaron) is a wadi and neolithic settlement in southern Negev, Israel. It is located at the eastern edge of Ovda Valley, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of Arabah Rift valley and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of the Gulf of Aqaba. Excavations carried out by Avi Gopher and Nigel Goring-Morris in Nahal Issaron in 1980 uncovered remnants of an early pastoralist settlement belonging to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period.

Uvda (Israel)
Uvda (Hebrew: עובדה) is the name of a region in the southern Negev desert, directly north of Eilat in Israel.

The name derives from the Hebrew word uvda (meaning fact). The region was occupied during Operation Uvda in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War when the IDF entered the area with the stated aim of establishing 'facts on the ground', hence the name.

The Uvda Valley is known for the 7000-year-old Leopard Temple archaeological site.
Judaa 3 Chapter 1
Judaa 3 Chapter 1 is a 2021 studio album by Amrinder Gill. The album was produced by Dr Zeus, whereas lyrics were penned by Raj Ranjodh, Jaggi Jagowal, Harmanjeet, Bir Singh, Umar Malik, and Navi Ferozpuria. The album is sequel to a 2014 album Judaa 2 by Gill and Zeus. The album was released on digital media on 1 September 2021. The album debuted at number 61 on Canadian Albums Chart by Billboard.

Judaa 2
Judaa 2 is a 2014 studio album by Amrinder Gill. The album was composed by Dr Zeus and Bilal Saeed whereas lyrics were penned by Bilal Saeed, Jeet Salala, Bittu Cheema, Happy Raikoti, Alfaaz, Himat Jeet Singh and Charan Likhari. The album is sequel to a 2011 album Judaa by Gill and Zeus. The album was released on digital media on 24 January 2014.
Ludlow Center Historic District
The Ludlow Center Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Ludlow, Massachusetts.  Centered on the junction of Center, Church and Booth Streets, it is the site selected as the town center when Ludlow was established in 1774.  Its notable structures include the Congregational Church (the third, a Romanesque structure built in 1859), the old town hall (more recently serving as the local grange hall), and a number of farmhouses that date to the first half of the 19th century.  The area has remained a center of civic life in the town, even though its economic center moved later in the 19th century to Ludlow Village.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Ludlow, Massachusetts
Ludlow is a New England town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 21,002 as of the 2020 census, and it is considered part of the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located just northeast of Springfield across the Chicopee River, it is one of the city's suburbs. It has a sizable and visible Portuguese and Polish community.
Steno (lunar crater)
Steno is a relatively small lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on the Moon's far side. It lies to the south-southwest of the slightly larger crater Stearns, a much younger and less worn formation. Farther to the northwest of Steno is Appleton, and to the east is Nušl.

The crater was named after the 17th century Danish astronomer Nicolas Steno.

This is a worn crater formation that has a circular outer rim that remains relatively well-defined. The rim edge is marked only by a few tiny craterlets. The interior floor and inner walls are nearly featureless, except for a few faint groove marks and some tiny craterlets. It is otherwise an undistinguished formation.

Nušl (crater)
Nušl /ˈnʊʃəl/ is an impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies just to the north of the crater Trumpler, and to the west of Shayn.

Diameter of the crater is 61 km. Its mean depth is about 3.8 km, but the full range of heights (from the lowest point of the floor to the highest point of the rim) reaches 5.2 km.

Age of this crater is estimated as Late Imbrian. It has a slightly eroded rim, and still possesses some terrace or ledge structures along the inner wall. A small crater (Nušl E) is attached to the exterior rim along the east-northeast. The interior floor is relatively level, with an elongated central peak near the midpoint. Nušl contains only small craterlets, the biggest being about 1.5 km. It has no lava, rilles, or ray system.
Redistribution layer
A redistribution layer (RDL) is an extra metal layer on an integrated circuit that makes its I/O pads available in other locations of the chip, for better access to the pads where necessary.

When an integrated circuit is manufactured, it usually has a set of I/O pads that are wirebonded to the pins of the package. A redistribution layer is an extra layer of wiring on the chip that enables bond out from different locations on the chip, making chip-to-chip bonding simpler. Another example of the use for RDL is for spreading the contact points around the die so that solder balls can be applied, and the thermal stress of mounting can be spread. The RDL is often made out of a polyamide, benzocyclobutene (BCB) or polybenzoxazole (PBO) with copper plated on its surface. The RDLs that made by the polymer and ECD Cu + etching are called organic RDLs, which made by PECVD and Cu-damascene + CMP are called inorganic RDLs.

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is a chemical vapor deposition process used to deposit thin films from a gas state (vapor) to a solid state on a substrate. Chemical reactions are involved in the process, which occur after creation of a plasma of the reacting gases. The plasma is generally created by radio frequency (RF) alternating current (AC) frequency or direct current (DC) discharge between two electrodes, the space between which is filled with the reacting gases.
Roberta Ratzke
Roberta Silva Ratzke (Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁoˈbɛɾtɐ ˈsiwvɐ ˈʁatski]; born 28 April 1990) is a Brazilian volleyball player for the Brazilian national team. She competed for Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal, and the 2024 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal.

2017 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2017 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the ninth official edition of the women's volleyball tournament, played by six teams from 14 to 18 February 2017 in Uberaba and Uberlândia, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro won its third consecutive title, the fourth overall, and qualified for the 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship in Kobe, Japan. Gabriela Guimarães was elected the Most Valuable Player.
Louisville Lightning
Louisville Lightning was an American men's professional soccer club based in Louisville, Kentucky. The Lightning competed in the Professional Arena Soccer League, as a member of the Eastern Division. The club began play in 2009.

They were confirmed as an expansion team in August 2009 and began playing in November of the same year. The Lightning played three full seasons in the PASL before going on hiatus after the 2011–12 season. The club played home games at Mockingbird Valley Soccer Club in Louisville, Kentucky.
In early 2020, the team was briefly revived and officially ceased operations in early 2021.

2009–10 United States Open Cup for Arena Soccer
The 2009–10 United States Open Cup for Arena Soccer is the second edition of an open knockout style tournament for Arena/Indoor Soccer. Teams from the Professional Arena Soccer League and Premier Arena Soccer League participated in the Tournament.