hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coy Site
The Coy Site (3 LN 20) is an archaeological site located next to Indian-Bakers Bayou in Lonoke County, Arkansas. It was inhabited by peoples of the Plum Bayou culture (650—1050 CE), in a time known as the Late Woodland period. The site was occupied between 700 and 1000 CE.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Plum Bayou culture
Plum Bayou culture is a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that lived in what is now east-central Arkansas from 650–1050 CE, a time known as the Late Woodland Period. Archaeologists defined the culture based on the Plum Bayou Mounds site, previously known as Toltec Mounds, and named it for a local waterway.
David Douglas Wemyss
General David Douglas Wemyss (1760–1839) was a British Army officer. Born Douglas, he changed his name to Wemyss circa 1790.

He was the seventh General Officer Commanding, Ceylon, appointed in 1804. He was succeeded by Thomas Maitland.

At Tottenham in December 1810, he married Elizabeth Tuckett, daughter of Elias Tuckett and Sarah Merchant, of Bath. He was at the time Governor of Tynemouth Castle and Cliffe Fort, having been appointed to the position in May 1809.  He had a son by a previous marriage.

General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
General Officer Commanding, Ceylon (also known as Commander of Troops or Officer Commanding His/Her Majesties Troops, Ceylon) was the designation of the General Officer appointed to command all British Army units stationed in the island of Ceylon during the British colonial administration of the island.
Women's Caucus for the Modern Languages
The Women's Caucus for the Modern Languages (WCML), founded in 1969, is an allied organization of the Modern Language Association (MLA) that organizes sessions at each annual meeting focusing on professional issues of concern to women. The WCML also sponsors the Florence Howe Award for outstanding feminist scholarship, and the Annette Kolodny graduate student travel grant.

Modern Language Association
The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is widely considered the principal professional association in the United States for scholars of language and literature. The MLA aims to "strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature". The organization includes over 20,000 members in 100 countries, primarily academic scholars, professors, and graduate students who study or teach language and literature, including English, other modern languages, and comparative literature. Although founded in the United States, with offices in New York City, the MLA's membership, concerns, reputation, and influence are international in scope.
Mount Gist
Mount Gist (67°21′S 98°54′E﻿ / ﻿67.350°S 98.900°E﻿ / -67.350; 98.900) is a mountain 8 nautical miles (15 km) northwest of Mount Strathcona near the head of Denman Glacier in Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Francis J. Gist, United States Navy, co-pilot and navigator on Operation Highjump photographic flights over this and other coastal areas between 14°E and 164°E.

Mount Strathcona
Mount Strathcona (67°22′S 99°11′E﻿ / ﻿67.367°S 99.183°E﻿ / -67.367; 99.183) is a mountain, 1,380 m high, rising above the continental ice on the west side of Denman Glacier, 11 miles south of Mount Barr Smith, in Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson, 1911–14, and named by him for Lord Strathcona, High Commissioner for Canada in 1911, a patron of the expedition.
Veszprém
Veszprém (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈvɛspreːm]; German: Weißbrünn, Czech: Bezpřím, Slovak: Bezprím, Slovene: Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county of the same name.

Archdiocese of Veszprém
The Archdiocese of Veszprém (Hungarian: Veszprémi Főegyházmegye, Latin: Archidioecesis Veszprimiensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church  in Hungary. Believed to have been established in 1009 AD by King Stephen I of Hungary, as the Diocese of Veszprém, the diocese was originally a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1993, the Diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese.  The Archdiocese is the Metropolitan of the Diocese of Kaposvár and the Diocese of Szombathely.

The Cathedral of Veszprém is dedicated to Saint Michael. The current archbishop is György Udvardy, formerly Bishop of Pecs, who was appointed by Pope Francis on July 12, 2019, to succeed the retiring Gyula Márfi.
Lou Frost
Louis O'Melville "Lou" Frost, Jr. (September 19, 1931 – January 16, 2008) was an American lawyer who served for 36 years as the elected public defender for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit, which consists of Duval, Nassau, and Clay counties. He was a local legal institution who nurtured the careers of hundreds of young lawyers, with two dozen appointed to state and federal judgeships, and one seated on the Florida Supreme Court.

C. Farris Bryant
Cecil Farris Bryant (July 26, 1914 – March 1, 2002) was an American politician serving as the 34th governor of Florida.  He also served on the United States National Security Council as director of the Office of Emergency Planning during the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson, who also appointed Bryant chair of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.
Numerical range
In the mathematical field of linear algebra and convex analysis, the numerical range or field of values or Wertvorrat or Wertevorrat of a complex  matrix A is the set

where  denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector . The numerical range includes, in particular, the diagonal entries of the matrix (obtained by choosing x equal to the unit vectors along the coordinate axes) and the eigenvalues of the matrix (obtained by choosing x equal to the eigenvectors).

Equivalently, the elements of  are of the form  , where  is a Hermitian projection operator from   to a one-dimensional subspace.

In engineering, numerical ranges are used as a rough estimate of eigenvalues of A. Recently, generalizations of the numerical range are used to study quantum computing.

A related concept is the numerical radius, which is the largest absolute value of the numbers in the numerical range, i.e.

Conjugate transpose
In mathematics, the conjugate transpose, also known as the Hermitian transpose, of an  complex matrix  is an  matrix obtained by transposing  and applying complex conjugation to each entry (the complex conjugate of  being , for real numbers  and ). There are several notations, such as  or , , or (often in physics) .

For real matrices, the conjugate transpose is just the transpose, .
Stenehed
Stenehed is an Iron Age grave field (Steneheds gravfält) located about 1 km southwest of Hällevadsholm, Munkedal Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. The area contains about 45 graves, a stone circle, a stone ship, and a row of menhirs.

Originally, there were eleven or twelve menhirs at the site; today, there are nine. The tallest one is 3.3 m; the shortest - 1.4 m. They are placed in a row, according to their heights. In 1980, Swedish astronomer Curt Roslund (1930-2013)
suggested that they form an astronomical calendar, similar to Stonehenge in England.

Grave field
A grave field is a prehistoric cemetery, typically from Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe.

Grave fields are distinguished from necropoleis by the former's lack of remaining above-ground structures, buildings, or grave markers.
Rate gyro
A rate gyro is a type of gyroscope, which rather than indicating direction, indicates the rate of change of angle with time. If a gyro has only one gimbal ring, with consequently only one plane of freedom, it can be adapted for use as a rate gyro to measure a rate of angular movement.

Rate gyros are used in rate integrating gyroscopes, and in attitude control systems for vehicles, and in combination with other sensors to make inertial navigation systems.

The advantage of rate gyros over other types of gyros is the fast response rate and their relatively low cost.

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.
Muscle energy technique
Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) describes a broad class of manual therapy techniques directed at improving musculoskeletal function or joint function, and improving pain. METs are commonly used by manual therapists, physical therapists, occupational therapist, chiropractors, athletic trainers, osteopathic physicians, and massage therapists. Muscle energy requires the patient to actively use their muscles on request to aid in treatment. Muscle energy techniques are used to treat somatic dysfunction, especially decreased range of motion, muscular hypertonicity, and pain.

Historically, the concept emerged as a form of osteopathic manipulative diagnosis and treatment in which the patient's muscles are actively used on request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a distinctly executed physician counterforce. It was first described in 1948 by Fred Mitchell, Sr, D.O.

Massage
Massage is the rubbing or kneading of the body's soft tissues. Massage techniques are commonly applied with hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearms, feet, or a device. The purpose of massage is generally for the treatment of body stress or pain. In English-speaking European countries, traditionally a person professionally trained to give massages is known by the gendered French loanwords masseur (male) or masseuse (female). In the United States, these individuals are often referred to as "massage therapists." In some provinces of Canada, they are called "registered massage therapists."

In professional settings, clients are treated while lying on a massage table, sitting in a massage chair, or lying on a mat on the floor. There are many different modalities in the massage industry, including (but not limited to): deep tissue, manual lymphatic drainage, medical, sports, structural integration, Swedish, Thai and trigger point.
Perisher Valley, New South Wales
Perisher Valley, commonly called Perisher, is a valley formed below Mount Perisher, a mountain that is located in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia.

Located in the Snowy Monaro Regional Council, the valley is the site of one of four resort bases of the Perisher Ski Resort, which also comprises Guthega, Blue Cow and Smiggin Holes.  It is located within the Kosciuszko National Park between Jindabyne and Charlotte Pass on the Kosciuszko Road. Access to the valley is via the Skitube Alpine Railway or by road. Although it is primarily a winter only resort village, year round accommodations are available, including tours, and bush walks.

At the 2021 census, Perisher Valley had a population of 99 people. In winter, the population is approximately 2,500 due to guests.

Snowy Monaro Regional Council
The Snowy Monaro Regional Council is a local government area located in the Snowy Mountains and Monaro regions of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a forced merger of the Bombala, Cooma-Monaro and Snowy River shires.

The council comprises an area of 15,162 square kilometres (5,854 sq mi) and occupies the higher slopes of the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range between the Australian Capital Territory to the north and the state boundary with Victoria to the south. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 20,707. Its population at the 2021 census was 21,666.

The Mayor of the Snowy Monaro Regional Council is Chris Hanna since 21 September 2023.
Falcade
Falcade (Ladin: Falciade, German: Pfalden)   is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Belluno.

Falcade borders the following municipalities: Canale d'Agordo, Moena, Rocca Pietore, Soraga, Tonadico.

Falcade is on the edge of the Trevalli Ski Area: 100 kilometres (62 mi) of slopes stretching between Veneto and Trentino regions  which in turn is part of the Dolomite Super Ski area. It is also popular in the summer with walkers and mountain bikers.

Landmarks include the Church of Falcade, the Focobon massif (3,504 m) and the Mount Mulaz (2,906 m).

Canale d'Agordo
Canale d'Agordo (known as Forno di Canale until 1964; Ladin: Canal, German: Augartnerkanal) is a town and comune in the province of Belluno, in the region of Veneto, northern Italy. It has 1,230 inhabitants. Pope John Paul I (born Albino Luciani) and the landscape painter Giuseppe Zais were born in Canale d'Agordo. It has a Museum dedicated to Pope John Paul I called the Pope Luciani Museum.
MP-APVL 83-F4 mine
The MP-APVL 83-F4 is a Chilean anti-tank blast mine based on the United States M1A1 mine. The mine has a plastic body with distinctive pressed steel pressure spider on the top. The main charge of the mine has 3.5 kg of steel balls embedded into the charge. The steel balls in the main charge create a secondary anti-personnel effect.

The mine is in service with Chile.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
2020–21 Egyptian Premier League
The 2020–21 Egyptian Premier League, also known as The WE Egyptian Premier League for sponsorship purposes, was the 62nd season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 11 December 2020 and is concluded on 28 August 2021. Fixtures for the 2020–21 season was announced one week before the start of the competition.

The season was initially scheduled to start in July, but was delayed to November and later to December due to effects and consequence of the postponement of the previous season's conclusion due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt.

Al Ahly were the defending champions, having won their 5th consecutive and 42nd overall league title in the previous season. Zamalek secured their 13th league title and their first since 2015 with two games to spare; ending Al Ahly's five-year dominance.

Pyramids FC
Pyramids Football Club (Arabic: نادي بيراميدز لكرة القدم or نادي الأهرام لكرة القدم) is an Egyptian professional football club based in New Cairo, Cairo Governorate, The club is mainly known for its professional team, that competes in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system. Formed in 2008 as Al Assiouty Sport in Assiut, the club was bought and moved to Cairo by Turki Al-Sheikh in 2018. Later on, Salem Al Shamsi purchased the club in July 2019.
366th Fighter Squadron
The 366th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the 358th Fighter Group of IX Fighter Command La Junta Army Airfield, Colorado, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

The squadron was first activated at the beginning of 1943.  After training in the United States, it moved to England and entered combat in the European Theater of Operations.  The squadron earned the Distinguished Unit Citation and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm during its combat missions.  After VE Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

IX Fighter Command
The IX Fighter Command was a United States Army Air Forces formation.  Its last assignment was with the Ninth Air Force, based at Erlangen, Germany, where it was inactivated on 16 November 1945.

IX Fighter Command was the primary tactical fighter air arm of Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa during 1942–1943.  Transferred to England, it became the dominant tactical air force over the skies of Western Europe during the 1944 Battle of Normandy and the Western Allied invasion of Germany in 1945.

After its inactivation, the majority of its (along with Twelfth Air Force) units were incorporated into the postwar United States Air Force Tactical Air Command.
2018–19 Fordham Rams men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Fordham Rams men's basketball team represented Fordham University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rams, led by fourth-year head coach Jeff Neubauer, played their home games at Rose Hill Gymnasium in The Bronx, New York as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 12-20, 3-15 in A-10 Play to finish in last place. They lost in the first round of the A-10 tournament to Richmond.

2019 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2019 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic 10 Conference's 2018–19 season. It was held from March 13 through March 17, 2019 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Saint Louis defeated St. Bonaventure 55–53 in the championship game to win the tournament, and received the A10's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Starý Smokovec–Hrebienok funicular
The Starý Smokovec–Hrebienok funicular (Slovak: Pozemná lanová dráha Starý Smokovec – Hrebienok) is a funicular between Starý Smokovec and the tourist complex at the summit of Hrebienok in the High Tatras, Slovakia.

High Tatras
The High Tatras or High Tatra Mountains (Slovak: Vysoké Tatry; Polish: Tatry Wysokie; Rusyn: Высокы Татры, Vŷsokŷ Tatrŷ; German: Hohe Tatra; Hungarian: Magas-Tátra), are a mountain range along the border of northern Slovakia in the Prešov Region, and southern Poland in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. They are a range of the Tatra Mountains chain.
2002 Winnipeg municipal election
The 2002 Winnipeg municipal election was held on 23 October 2002 to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg.

Glen Murray, the city's centre-left mayor, was re-elected to a second term over challenger Al Golden.

1995 Winnipeg municipal election
The 1995 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 25, 1995 to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg.

Susan Thompson defeated Peter Kaufmann and Terry Duguid in the mayoral contest.
Lothians (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
The Lothians was one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood) from 1999 to 2011. Nine of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies were sub-divisions of the region and it elected seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elected a total of 16 MSPs.

The Lothians region shared boundaries with the South of Scotland and Central Scotland regions, and was connected with the Mid Scotland and Fife region by bridges over the Firth of Forth.

As a result of the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries it is largely replaced by the Lothian region.

City of Edinburgh Council
The City of Edinburgh Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Dhùn Èideann) is the local government authority covering the City of Edinburgh council area. Almost half of the council area is the built-up area of Edinburgh, capital of Scotland. With a population of 530,680 in 2024, it is the second most populous local authority area in Scotland.

The council took on its current form in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, replacing the City of Edinburgh District Council of the Lothian region, which had been created in 1975. The history of local government in Edinburgh, however, stretches back much further. Around 1130, David I made the town a royal burgh and a burgh council, based at the Old Tolbooth is recorded continuously from the 14th century.

The council is currently based in Edinburgh City Chambers with a main office nearby at Waverley Court.
Plasmolysis
Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution. The reverse process, deplasmolysis or cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower external osmotic pressure and a net flow of water into the cell. Through observation of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis, it is possible to determine the tonicity of the cell's environment as well as the rate solute molecules cross the cellular membrane.

Turgor pressure
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

It is also called hydrostatic pressure, and is defined as the pressure in a fluid measured at a certain point within itself when at equilibrium. Generally, turgor pressure is caused by the osmotic flow of water and occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. The phenomenon is also observed in protists that have cell walls. This system is not seen in animal cells, as the absence of a cell wall would cause the cell to lyse when under too much pressure. The pressure exerted by the osmotic flow of water is called turgidity. It is caused by the osmotic flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a volume with a low solute concentration to one with a higher solute concentration is called osmotic flow. In plants, this entails the water moving from the low concentration solute outside the cell into the cell's vacuole.
Kerala Mithram
Kerala Mithram was one of the earliest Malayalam language newspaper published from Cochin, Kerala, India during 1881. It was printed in the beginning of the month as three, then one week later. Devji Bhimji, from Gujarat was the patron of the newspaper. Kandathil Varghese Mappillai, the founder of Malayala Manorama, was editor-in-Chief and T.G. Paily was deputy editor.

Malayala Manorama
Malayala Manorama is a morning newspaper in Malayalam published from Kottayam, Kerala, India by the Malayala Manorama Company Limited. Currently headed by Mammen Mathew, it was first published as a weekly on 14 March 1888, and currently has a readership of over 8 million (with a circulation base of over 1.9 million copies). It is also the second-oldest Malayalam newspaper in Kerala in circulation, after Deepika, which is also published from Kottayam. Manorama also publishes an online edition.

According to World Association of Newspapers, as of 2016, it was the fourteenth most circulated newspaper in the world. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations 2022 figures, it is the 2nd largest circulating newspaper in India (behind Dainik Jagran) and the largest circulating newspaper in Kerala.