hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Shawkani
Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah, better known as al-Shawkani (Arabic: الشوكاني) (11 July 1759–30 October 1834) was a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian and reformer. Al-Shawkani was one of the most influential proponents of Athari theology and is respected as one of their canonical scholars by Salafi Muslims. His teachings played a major role in the emergence of the Salafi movement. Influenced by the teachings of the medieval Hanbali scholar Ibn Taymiyya, al-Shawkani became noteworthy for his staunch stances against the practice of Taqlid (imitation to legal schools), calls for direct interpretation of Scriptures, opposition to Kalam (speculative theology) as well as for his robust opposition to various Sufi practices which he condemned as Shirk (idolatry).

Zaydism
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism.

Zaydism is typically considered the Shia branch that is closest to Sunni Islam, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) historically changed its stance on Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where Zaydis' simply accepting Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad was enough to consider them Shia.

Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Shafi'i Sunnism, the jurisprudential school of about half of the Yemenis. Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northwestern Yemen and Najran in Saudi Arabia.
Kopstal
Kopstal (Luxembourgish: Koplescht) is a commune and a small town in central Luxembourg. The towns of Kopstal and Bridel belong to this commune. Kopstal is a small town, with a population of 1,105 as of 2025, located in a valley between forested hills situated beneath Bridel.

Kopstal was formed on 1 July 1853, when it was detached from the communes of Kehlen (in Capellen canton) and Steinsel (in Luxembourg canton).  The law forming Kopstal was passed on the 22 February 1853.

Steinsel
Steinsel (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnzl̩]; Luxembourgish: Steesel [ˈʃteːzəl] ⓘ) is a commune and town in central Luxembourg. It is located north of Luxembourg City.

As of 2025, the town of Steinsel, which lies in the west of the commune, has a population of 2,674. Other towns within the commune include Heisdorf and Mullendorf.

Like most of Luxembourg, Steinsel has an oceanic climate. On 25 July 2019, Steinsel recorded a temperature of 40.8 °C (105.4 °F), which is the highest temperature recorded in Luxembourg since records began in 1838.
Harbor View House
Harbor View House, formerly the Army and Navy Y.M.C.A., is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (HCM #252) located in the San Pedro section of Los Angeles, California, near the Port of Los Angeles. It is a five-story Spanish Colonial Revival style structure located on a bluff overlooking the harbor.

Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments are sites which have been designated by the Los Angeles, California, Cultural Heritage Commission as worthy of preservation based on architectural, historic and cultural criteria.
Bani Teleb
Bani Teleb (Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⴱⵏⵉⵟⵉⵍⴱ, romanized: bniṭilb; Arabic: بني طيلب), is a village  located in El Koudia El Beida commune, in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa region of Morocco. The village belongs to the commune of El Koudia El Beida, which includes 10 villages. Its population is estimated at 1985 people, according to the official population and housing census of 2004.

Taroudant Province
Taroudant (Arabic: تارودانت) is a province in the Moroccan region of Souss-Massa. Its population in 2024 is 857,673.

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Iaaza

Aoulouz

El Guerdane

Irherm

Oulad Berhil

Oulad Teima

Taliouine

Taroudant
Ottoman–Wahhabi war
The Ottoman–Wahhabi war, or Wahhabi War, was fought from early 1811 until 1818 between the Ottoman Empire, its vassal the Eyalet of Egypt, and the Wahhabis' Emirate of Diriyah (later known as the first Saudi state), resulting in the destruction of the latter.

Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud
Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud (Arabic: عبد الله بن سعود آل سعود, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh bin Suʿūd Āl Suʿūd; died May 1819) was the last ruler of the First Saudi State, from 1814 to 1818, and was executed in Istanbul under the Ottoman Empire. Although the Ottomans maintained several garrisons in the Nejd thereafter, they were unable to prevent the rise of the Emirate of Nejd, also known as the Second Saudi State, led by Turki bin Abdullah.
La Morra
La Morra is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,668 and an area of 24.3 square kilometres (9.4 sq mi).

The municipality of La Morra contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Annunziata, Santa Maria, Rivalta, and Berri.

La Morra borders the following municipalities: Alba, Barolo, Bra, Castiglione Falletto, Cherasco, Narzole, Roddi, and Verduno.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Robert Balchin, Baron Lingfield
Robert George Alexander Balchin, Baron Lingfield, DL KStJ (born 31 July 1942) is a British educationalist, noted as an advocate and pioneer for school autonomy. He also served as Director-General of St. John Ambulance from 1984 to 1990.

Lingfield, Surrey
Lingfield is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge district of Surrey, England, approximately 23 miles (37 km) south of London. Several buildings date from the Tudor period and the timber-frame medieval church is Grade I listed. The stone cage or old gaol, constructed in 1773, was last used in 1882 to hold a poacher.

Lingfield Park Racecourse is to the south of the village. In addition to turf racing over jumps, there is also an all-weather course for flat racing.
Monte Vista Lookout Cabin
Monte Vista Lookout Cabin is a structure in Cochise County, Arizona, that is on the National Register of Historic Places.  The cabin sits at the base of the Lookout, in the southern portion of the Chiricahua Mountains in the Coronado National Forest.  In 1956, it was erroneously reported that the cabin had been destroyed during a forest fire.  The structure was also threatened by fire in 2011 during the Horseshoe II Fire.

It was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

Photos in 1986 show that it is a log cabin with chinking between its logs, with a front porch, and  with fire tower behind.

Log cabin
A log cabin is a small log house, especially a minimally finished or less architecturally sophisticated structure. Log cabins have an ancient history in Europe, and in North America are often associated with first-generation home building by settlers. Construction with logs was described by the Roman architect Vitruvius Pollio in his architectural treatise De Architectura. He described the log-based dwellings in Pontus.
Irish Argentines
Irish Argentines are Argentine citizens who are fully or partially of Irish descent. Irish emigrants to Argentina predominantly came from the Midlands and South-East (particularly Wexford) regions of Ireland, arriving largely between 1830 and 1930, with the greatest wave taking place in 1850–1870. The modern Irish-Argentine community is composed of some of their descendants, and the total number is estimated at between 500,000 and 1,000,000.

Argentina is the home of the fifth largest Irish community in the world, the largest in a non-English speaking nation and the greatest in Latin America.

William Bulfin
William Bulfin (1 November 1863 – February 1910) was an Irish, and later Argentine, author, journalist, newspaper editor and publisher. He was the fourth son in a family of nine boys and one girl, the children of William Bulfin, of Derrinlough, Birr, County Offaly, Ireland, and Margaret Grogan of Croghan, County Offaly.
Pugny-Chatenod
Pugny-Chatenod (French pronunciation: [pyɲi ʃatno]; Savoyard: Pounyi) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is part of the urban area of Chambéry.

Chambéry
Chambéry (UK: /ˈʃɒ̃bəri/, US: /ˌʃɒ̃beɪˈriː/, French: [ʃɑ̃beʁi]; Arpitan: Chambèri; Italian: Ciamberì) is the prefecture and largest city of the Savoie department in the southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The population of the commune of Chambéry was 60,251 as of 2022, while the population of the Chambéry metropolitan area was 263,919. The city is located at the foot of the French Alps between Bauges and Chartreuse mountains, and is a railway and highway crossroads.

It has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Together with other alpine towns Chambéry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.
Soccer in South Africa
Association football, or soccer, as it is usually called in South Africa, is the nation's most popular sport followed by rugby union and cricket. The governing body is the South African Football Association (SAFA), while the Premier Soccer League is the organisation responsible for running the country's two professional divisions, namely the South African Premiership and the National First Division. The main cup competitions are the Nedbank Cup and the MTN 8 Cup.

Bidvest Wits F.C.
Bidvest Wits Football Club, (simply often known as Wits University F.C. or Wits) was a South African professional football club from Johannesburg which played in the Premiership the first-tier of South African league football system. It was nicknamed "The Clever Boys" or "The Students" because of the close affiliation with the University of the Witwatersrand.

The club was sold at the conclusion of the 2019–20 Premiership season. This after Bidvest confirmed that it had reached an agreement for the sale of the club's top-flight status to Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila (TTM).
Spójnia Stargard
Spójnia Stargard, also known as shortly Spójnia, is a professional Polish basketball team based in Stargard, Poland, currently (as of 2022) playing in the Polish Basketball League (PLK), the highest tier in Polish basketball.

Spójnia hosts its games at the Hala Miejska.

2021 Polish Basketball Cup
The 2021 Suzuki Polish Basketball Cup (Polish: Puchar Polski 2021) was the 58th edition of Poland's national cup competition for men's basketball teams. It was managed by the Polish Basketball League (PLK) and was held in Lublin, in the Globus. Zastal Zielona Góra won its third Cup title in club history.
Marid Mutalimov
Marid Mutalimov (Kumyk: Марид Муталимов, romanized: Marid Mutalimov; born 22 February 1980 in Makhachkala, Dagestan) is a Kazakhstan wrestler of Kumyk ethnicity, who has won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Kumyk language
Kumyk (къумукъ тил, qumuq til, قوموق تیل) is a Turkic language spoken by about 520,000 people, mainly by the Kumyks, in the Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation. Until the 20th century Kumyk was the lingua franca of the Northern Caucasus.
Walter Champfleur
Walter Champfleur or de Champfleur (died 1498 or 1499) was an Irish cleric and judge of the fifteenth century, who played a leading role in Irish politics.

He was probably a Dubliner, and had cousins living near Dublin city. He was Abbot of the Cistercian house of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin for more than 30 years: he became Abbot in 1467, in succession to John Handcock. The Abbey was located near the junction of present-day Abbey Street and Capel Street in Dublin city centre. Before his appointment as Abbot he had been one of the Irish Canonical Visitors of his Order.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
2024–25 Rice Owls men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Rice Owls men's basketball team represented Rice University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team, led by first-year head coach Rob Lanier, played their home games at Tudor Fieldhouse in Houston, Texas as second-year members of the American Athletic Conference.

Rob Lanier
Robert A. Lanier (born July 24, 1968) is an American college basketball coach who currently serves as the head men's basketball coach at Rice University. Previously, he was the head coach at Southern Methodist University. He also served as the head coach at Georgia State from 2019 to 2022 and Siena from 2001 to 2005.
Babsko Praskalo
Babsko Praskalo (Bulgarian: Бабско пръскало) is a waterfall in the Central Balkan National Park, Balkan Mountains, central Bulgaria. With a height of 54 m the waterfall is among the lowest in the area.

Babsko Praskalo is located near the Rusalka and Ravna refuges, on the path between the village of Tazha and Tazha Refuge. The waterfall is situated on the river Babska which is a left tributary of the Tazha of the Tundzha river basin.

Tundzha
The Tundzha (Bulgarian: Тунджа [ˈtund͡ʒɐ]; Turkish: Tunca [tund͡ʒa]; Tonsus in antiquity) is a river in southeastern Bulgaria and northwesternmost Turkey, a left tributary of the Maritsa. With a length of 390 km, of which 350 km are in Bulgaria, it is Maritsa's longest tributary, though in terms of discharge it is second after the Arda. Tundzha Glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Tundzha River.
Artem Dovbyk
Artem Oleksandrovych Dovbyk (Ukrainian: Арте́м Олекса́ндрович До́вбик; born 21 June 1997) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Roma and the Ukraine national team.

2024–25 Serie A
The 2024–25 Serie A (known as the Serie A Enilive and Serie A Made in Italy for sponsorship reasons domestically and abroad, respectively) was the 123rd season of top-tier Italian football, the 93rd in a round-robin tournament, and the 15th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Napoli won the title following a 2–0 victory over Cagliari at the Stadio Diego Armando Maradona on 23 May 2025.

Napoli's title was their fourth league title in club history and their second in three seasons. Inter Milan, who were the defending champions, finished one point behind Napoli.
Nashville season 3
The third season of the American television musical drama series Nashville, created by Callie Khouri, began on September 24, 2014, on ABC. The show features an ensemble cast with Connie Britton and Hayden Panettiere in the leading roles as two country music superstars, Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes.

The episodes are named after country songs from a variety of artists, like Webb Pierce ("That's Me Without You"), Willie Nelson (a number of songs, like "The Storm Has Just Begun") and Loretta Lynn ("You're Lookin' at Country").

Juliette Barnes
Juliette Jolene Barnes-Barkley is a fictional character and one of the two leads in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville. Juliette is portrayed by actress Hayden Panettiere since the pilot episode, which aired on October 10, 2012. Juliette was a teenage country sensation and is now making more mature music. She tries to take the throne, as Queen of Country music, from rival Rayna Jaymes. Panettiere has received critical acclaim for her performance as Juliette including nominations for two Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television Series Drama in 2013 and 2014, a Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2012 and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2016.
Luis Alberto (footballer, born 1992)
Luis Alberto Romero Alconchel (Spanish pronunciation: [lwis alˈβeɾto roˈmeɾo]; born 28 September 1992), known as Luis Alberto, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah.

After coming through Sevilla's youth system, he signed with Liverpool in 2013 from Barcelona B, being loaned to Málaga and Deportivo during his contract. In August 2016 he joined Lazio for €4 million, going on to spend eight seasons in Serie A with the club while totalling 307 competitive appearances and 52 goals, winning two Supercoppa Italiana and the 2019 Coppa Italia.

Luis Alberto made his senior debut for Spain in 2017.

2019–20 Serie A
The 2019–20 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 118th season of top-tier Italian football, the 88th in a round-robin tournament, and the 10th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Juventus, the eight-time defending champions, secured their ninth consecutive Serie A title with a 2–1 victory over Sampdoria on 16 Jun 2020.

The season was originally scheduled to run from 24 August 2019 to 24 May 2020. On 9 March 2020, the government suspended all sports in the country until 3 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The Serie A did not resume on this date however, as the league continued to monitor health conditions. On 18 May, the Italian Football Federation announced that the suspension would continue until 14 June. Ten days later, on 28 May, Italy's sports minister said Serie A would restart on 20 June 2020.
Kolin, Louisiana
Kolin is an unincorporated community in Rapides Parish, Louisiana United States and is part of the Alexandria metropolitan area, Louisiana. Along with the nearby community of Libuse, it was founded in 1914 by Czech immigrants, and named after Kolín, Czech Republic.

Alexandria metropolitan area, Louisiana
The Alexandria Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area in central Louisiana that covers two parishes – Rapides and Grant. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 152,192 (though a July 1, 2023 estimate placed the population at 148,171).
Old Irish grammar
This article describes the grammar of the Old Irish language. The grammar of the language has been described with exhaustive detail by various authors, including Thurneysen, Binchy and Bergin, McCone, O'Connell, Stifter, among many others.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").
Sheikh Ibrahim Mosque
The Sheikh Ibrahim Mosque (Azerbaijani: Şeyx İbrahim Məscidi) is a historical mosque, located on Asaf Zeynalli Street, in the Old City of Baku, in Azerbaijan.

Completed in the 15th century, the mosque was designated as an important immovable historical and cultural monument in Azerbaijan by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001, with the number 132.

During the Soviet occupation, worship in the mosque was halted. Currently, the building of the mosque houses a madrasa, where educational activities are conducted, located near the Jumu'ah Mosque.

Old City (Baku)
Old City or Inner City (Azerbaijani: İçərişəhər) is the historical core of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The Old City is the most ancient part of Baku, which is surrounded by walls. In 2007, the Old City had a population of about 3,000 people. In December 2000, the Old City of Baku, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and Maiden Tower, became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
1890 Stamford by-election
The 1890 Stamford by-election was held on 7 March 1890, when the incumbent Conservative MP John Lawrance resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Queen's Bench division of the High Court of Justice. The by-election was won by the Conservative Party candidate Henry Cust.

Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)
Stamford was a constituency in the county of Lincolnshire of the House of Commons for the Parliament of England to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868 when this was reduced to one.
Cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England
A cult of saints played a key part within Anglo-Saxon Christianity, a form of Roman Catholicism practised in Anglo-Saxon England from the late sixth to the mid eleventh century.

Ecclesiastical authors produced hagiographies of many of these saints. These texts were aimed largely at an ecclesiastical audience, although some were also aimed at royalty and nobility, and outlined how to live an ideal Christian life.

Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England
In the seventh century the pagan Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity (Old English: Crīstendōm) mainly by missionaries sent from Rome. Irish missionaries from Iona, who were proponents of Celtic Christianity, were influential in the conversion of 
Northumbria, but after the Synod of Whitby in 664, the Anglo-Saxon church gave its allegiance to the Pope.
Jan Komasa
Jan Tadeusz Komasa (born 1981) is a Polish filmmaker. He is best known for directing Suicide Room (2011), Warsaw 44 (2014), and Corpus Christi (2019), which was nominated for the Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards. His previous works premiered and won awards at Tribeca Film Festival, Berlin Film Festival, Cannes, and Venice.

Stockholm International Film Festival
The Stockholm International Film Festival (Swedish: Stockholms filmfestival) is an annual film festival held in Stockholm, Sweden. It was launched in 1990 and has been held every year since then during the second half of November, and focuses on emerging and early career filmmakers. The winning film in the international competition section is awarded the Bronze Horse (Bronshästen), and it awards a number of other prizes.