hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yoshitaka Tanimura
Yoshitaka Tanimura (谷村 吉隆, Yoshitaka Tanimura)  is a Japanese mathematical physicist, best known for his invention with Ryogo Kubo of the Hierarchical equations of motion. In 1993, while working at University of Rochester with Shaul Mukamel, he published a theoretical paper laying the foundation for (optical) two-dimensional femtosecond spectroscopies.

Shaul Mukamel
Shaul Mukamel (born 11 December 1948) is a chemist and physicist, currently serving as a Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Irvine. He is known for his works in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy.
Ṭe
Ṭe is a letter of the extended Arabic alphabet, derived from te (ت) by replacing the dots with a small t̤oʾe (ط; historically four dots in a square pattern, e.g. ٿ). It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent an voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri as well as Balochi. The small t̤oʾe diacritic is used to indicate a retroflex consonant in Urdu. It is the fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet. Its Abjad value is considered to be 400. In Urdu, this letter may also be called tā-ye-musaqqalā ("heavy te") or tā-ye-hindiyā ("Indian te"). In Devanagari, this consonant is rendered using ‘ट’.

Taw
Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic tāʾ ت‎, Aramaic taw 𐡕‎, Hebrew tav ת‎, Phoenician tāw 𐤕, and Syriac taw ܬ. In Arabic, it also gives rise to the derived letter ث ṯāʾ. Its original sound value is /t/. It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪉‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩩, and Geʽez ተ.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek tau (Τ), Latin T, and Cyrillic Т.
Egyptian geometry
Egyptian geometry refers to geometry as it was developed and used in Ancient Egypt. Their geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river.

We only have a limited number of problems from ancient Egypt that concern geometry. Geometric problems appear in both the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (MMP) and in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP). The examples demonstrate that the ancient Egyptians knew how to compute areas of several geometric shapes and the volumes of cylinders and pyramids.

Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.
Ichkabal
Ichkabal is a large ancient Maya city located in the jungle of Quintana Roo in Mexico dating from the Middle Preclassic period of the Maya civilization around 400 BC, it developed as a monumental city until the Postclassic period.

Preclassic Maya
The Preclassic period in Maya history stretches from the beginning of permanent village life c. 1000 BC until the advent of the Classic Period c. 250 AD, and is subdivided into Early (prior to 1000 BC), Middle (1000–400 BC), and Late (400 BC – 250 AD).  Major archaeological sites of this period include Nakbe, Uaxactun, Seibal, San Bartolo, Cival, and El Mirador.

Maya society underwent a series of profound transformations between c. 100 AD and 250 AD, which resulted in the cessation of monumental building at many Preclassic cities and the inferred collapse of their political and economic systems, often characterized as the "Preclassic Collapse."
Trantlebeg
Trantlebeg  (Scottish Gaelic: Tranntail Beag) is a small village east of the Halladale River in Forsinard, east Sutherland, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

The village of Croick lies less than 1 mile, directly north, along the A897 road.

Forsinard
Forsinard (/ˌfɔːrsɪnˈɑːrd/ FOR-sin-ARD) is a hamlet in the county of Sutherland in the Highland area of Scotland. It is located on the A897 road in Strath Halladale. It is served by a railway station on the Far North Line. The local hotel closed several years ago, but there is now a B&B just across the level crossing.

Forsinard is situated in the Flow Country, a UNESCO World Heritage Site area of peat bog which straddles the borders of Caithness and Sutherland. The 13,000-hectare (33,000-acre) Forsinard estate was purchased in 1977 by Basil Baird. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) runs a 154 km2 (38,000-acre) nature reserve and a visitor centre at Forsinard. The Forsinard Flows national nature reserve attracts a large range of birds and wildlife.
Steno (lunar crater)
Steno is a relatively small lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on the Moon's far side. It lies to the south-southwest of the slightly larger crater Stearns, a much younger and less worn formation. Farther to the northwest of Steno is Appleton, and to the east is Nušl.

The crater was named after the 17th century Danish astronomer Nicolas Steno.

This is a worn crater formation that has a circular outer rim that remains relatively well-defined. The rim edge is marked only by a few tiny craterlets. The interior floor and inner walls are nearly featureless, except for a few faint groove marks and some tiny craterlets. It is otherwise an undistinguished formation.

Appleton (crater)
Appleton is a heavily eroded lunar impact crater that lies in the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. To the northwest are the craters Von Neumann and Campbel. The smaller Golovin lies to the northeast, while further to the southwest is the Mare Moscoviense.

The crater wall and interior have been heavily eroded by many subsequent impacts, leaving the features rounded and irregular. A pair of craters lie across the southwestern rim, and two small craters lie along the eastern rim. The interior floor is irregular.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Appleton was called Crater 129.

Appleton lies between satellite craters that are located on opposite sides of the rim. Appleton R is located just to the west-southwest, and contains another crater just inside its north rim. On the opposite side of Appleton is Appleton D, a comparably sized formation to Appleton R.
Baseball at the Central American Games
The Central American Games were the first international tournament to feature baseball as a medal event, doing so in 1926 and 1930. The event then became the Central American and Caribbean Games, but another version of the Central American Games was established in 1973 with baseball returning in 1977.

Central American Games
The Central American Games (Spanish: Juegos Deportivos Centroamericanos) are a multi-sport regional championships event, held quadrennial (every 4 years), typically in the first year after  Summer Olympics. The Games are open for member federations of the Central American Sports Organization (Spanish: Organización Deportiva Centroamericana) ORDECA  in Central American countries.  (in Spanish)

The Games have had an equivalent to the Olympic Flame, being ignited in Q'umarkaj, one of the ancient cultural Mayan centers located in El Quiché,  Guatemala. However, some people and organizations have criticised the games for not including the Mesoamerican ballgame, the oldest ball sport in the continent, on the sports programme.

The competition is the second multi-sport event to have the name: the Central American and Caribbean Games began life in 1926 as the Central American Games and had this moniker until it expanded its remit in 1935.
Oberwörresbach
Oberwörresbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Birkenfeld (district)
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkŋ̍fɛlt]) is a district (Landkreis) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is the town of Birkenfeld. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Sankt Wendel (Saarland), Trier-Saarburg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bad Kreuznach and Kusel.
Metal lathe
In machining, a metal lathe or metalworking lathe is a large class of lathes designed for precisely machining relatively hard materials. They were originally designed to machine metals; however, with the advent of plastics and other materials, and with their inherent versatility, they are used in a wide range of applications, and a broad range of materials. In machining jargon, where the larger context is already understood, they are usually simply called lathes, or else referred to by more-specific subtype names (toolroom lathe, turret lathe, etc.). These rigid machine tools remove material from a rotating workpiece via the (typically linear) movements of various cutting tools, such as tool bits and drill bits. Metal lathes can vary greatly, but the most common design is known as the universal lathe or parallel lathe.

Machine taper
A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools, workholders or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool. A male member of conical form (that is, with a taper) fits into the female socket, which has a matching taper of equal angle.

Almost all machine tool spindles, and many power tool spindles, have a taper as their primary method of attachment for tools. Even on many drill presses, handheld drills, and lathes, which have chucks (such as a drill chuck or collet chuck), the chuck is attached by a taper. On drills, drill presses, and milling machines, the male member is the tool shank or toolholder shank, and the female socket is integral with the spindle. On lathes, the male may belong to the tool or to the spindle; spindle noses may have male tapers, female tapers, or both.
Hut Point Peninsula
Hut Point Peninsula (77°47′S 166°51′E﻿ / ﻿77.783°S 166.850°E﻿ / -77.783; 166.850) is a long, narrow peninsula from 2 to 3 nautical miles (3.7 to 5.6 km; 2.3 to 3.5 mi) wide and 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long, projecting south-west from the slopes of Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica.
McMurdo Station (US) and Scott Base (NZ) are Antarctic research stations located on the Hut Point Peninsula.

It is also home to historical sites including the Discovery Hut from  Robert Falcon Scott's 1901 expedition, and memorials of various types. Hut Point Peninsula is the most inhabited place on Antarctica since the 1950s and is continuously occupied.

Mount Erebus
Mount Erebus (/ˈɛrɪbəs/) is the southernmost active volcano on Earth, located on Ross Island in the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. With a summit elevation of 3,792 metres (12,441 ft), it is the second most prominent mountain in Antarctica (after Mount Vinson) and the second-highest volcano in Antarctica (after the dormant Mount Sidley). It is the highest point on Ross Island, which is also home to three inactive volcanoes: Mount Terror, Mount Bird, and Mount Terra Nova. It makes Ross Island the sixth-highest island on Earth.

The mountain was named by Captain James Clark Ross in 1841 for his ship, HMS Erebus.  The volcano has been active for around 1.3 million years and has a long-lived lava lake in its inner summit crater that has been present since at least the early 1970s. On 28 November 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed on Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board.
Mayuri Upadhya
Mayuri Upadhya (born 30 December 1979) is an Indian choreographer, dancer, entrepreneur and TV personality based in Bengaluru, India. She is also the Artistic Director of the Bengaluru-based dance organisation, Nritarutya.

In January 2018, Mayuri was voted the Best Choreographer by BroadwayWorld, for the longest running musical in Indian history. Mayuri is the winner of the International Choreography Award, Seoul, Uday Shankar Awards for Choreography, and a Manav Ratna for her contribution to Indian arts and culture, in addition to numerous other awards.

Raghu Dixit
Raghupati Dwarakanath Dixit (born 11 November 1974) is an Indian singer-composer, producer, and film score composer who is the frontman for the Raghu Dixit Project, a multilingual folk music band. Dixit prominently works in Kannada cinema as soundtrack composer.

Dixit's music is an amalgamation of Indian ethnic music and styles from different parts of the world. His songs include "Lokada Kalaji","Preetiya Hesare Neenu" "Alemaari" "Just Maath Maathalli" "Munjane Manjalli" "Gudugudiya" and "Ninna Poojege Bande Mahadeshwara" Dixit has produced music for contemporary dance and theatre productions including the Indian contemporary dance group Nritarutya, of which, his former wife Mayuri Upadhya, is the artistic director.
Park Lee-chun
Park Lee-chun (born July 26, 1947) is a former South Korean football player and manager. He played for the South Korea national football team from 1969 to 1974. In the 1972 AFC Asian Cup, he scored four goals and led South Korea to become runners-up. After retirement, he managed South Korean under-20 team in the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship.

South Korean Footballer of the Year
The South Korean Footballer of the Year, officially known as Korea Football Association Player of the Year, is an annual award presented to the best South Korean football player in a calendar year by Korea Football Association (KFA).
Saint-Marcellin-lès-Vaison
Saint-Marcellin-lès-Vaison (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁsəlɛ̃ lɛ vɛzɔ̃], literally Saint-Marcellin near Vaison; Provençal: Sant Marcelin de Vaison) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Vaison-la-Romaine
Vaison-la-Romaine (French pronunciation: [vɛzɔ̃ la ʁɔmɛn]; Occitan: Vaison) is a town in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Vaison-la-Romaine is famous for its Roman ruins and mediaeval town and cathedral. It is also unusual in the way the ancient, medieval and modern towns, spanning 2,000 years of history, lie close together.

The old town is split into two parts: the "upper city" or Colline du Château on a hill on one side of the Ouvèze and, on the opposite bank, the "lower city" centred on the Colline de la Villasse.

With four theatres and numerous exhibitions and galleries, Vaison-la-Romaine is also renowned for its art scene. Many writers, painters and actors live in the area.
Miss Perú 2013
The Miss Perú 2012/13 pageant was held on June 30, 2012 at the Real Felipe Fortress Convention Center in Callao, Peru.

Due to the restructuring of the contest, Nicole Faverón of Loreto, 1st-Runner Up at Miss Perú 2011 was appointed to participate at Miss Universe 2012, and Giuliana Zevallos, also from Loreto and former Miss Perú 2010 was appointed to participate at Miss World 2012.

The outgoing titleholder, Natalie Vertiz of USA Peru crowned her successor, Cindy Mejia of Lima Region at the end of the event.

The candidates competed for 2 national crowns and the right to compete in 2013 editions of Miss Universe, Miss World, and other selected pageants.

Miss Perú 2010
Miss Perú 2010, the 58th Miss Perú pageant was held at the  on May 22, 2010. That year, 22 candidates were competing for the national crown. The chosen winners represented Peru at the Miss Universe 2010 and Miss World 2010. The rest of the finalists would enter in different pageants.
Borough of Sebastopol
The Borough of Sebastopol was a local government area about 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of the regional city of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. The borough covered an area of 7.61 square kilometres (2.9 sq mi), and existed from 1864 until 1994.

Sebastopol was incorporated as a borough on 1 October 1864. On 6 May 1994, the Borough of Sebastopol was abolished, and along with the City of Ballaarat, the Shire of Ballarat, and parts of the Shires of Bungaree, Buninyong, Grenville and Ripon, was merged into the newly created City of Ballarat.

Shire of Grenville
The Shire of Grenville was a local government area southwest of the regional city of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 845 square kilometres (326.3 sq mi), and existed from 1861 until 1994.
Bunker Hill, West Virginia
Bunker Hill is an unincorporated community in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, located in the lower Shenandoah Valley on Winchester Pike (U.S. Route 11) at its junction with County Route 26 south of Martinsburg. It is the site of the confluence of Torytown Run and Mill Creek, a tributary of Opequon Creek which flows into Winchester, Virginia. According to the 2000 census, the Bunker Hill community has a population of 5,319.

Martinsburg, West Virginia
Martinsburg is a city in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 18,773 at the 2020 census, making Martinsburg the largest city in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia and the sixth-most populous city in the state. It is a principal city of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area extending into Maryland, which had 293,844 residents in 2020.
Commercial policy
A commercial policy (also referred to as a trade policy or international trade policy) is a government's policy governing international trade. Commercial policy is an all encompassing term that is used to cover topics which involve international trade.  Trade policy is often described in terms of a scale between the extremes of free trade (no restrictions on trade) on one side and protectionism (high restrictions to protect local producers) on the other. A common commercial policy can sometimes be agreed by treaty within a customs union, as with the European Union's common commercial policy and in Mercosur.
A nation's commercial policy will include and take into account the policies adopted by that nation's government while negotiating international trade. There are several factors that can affect a nation's commercial policy, all of which can affect international trade policies.

Customs union
A customs union is generally defined as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.

Customs unions are established through trade pacts where the participant countries set up common external trade policy (in some cases they use different import quotas). Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.

Reasons for establishing a customs union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. It is the third stage of economic integration. Every economic union, customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union includes a customs union.
Fresh Memory (software)
Fresh Memory is a spaced repetition flashcard application, similar to SuperMemo.

The study algorithm is based on the SM2 algorithm, created for SuperMemo in the late 1980s.

The presented cards may include text and images. The cards are stored in an XML-based format, called dictionary files.

The cards may have multiple "sides", called fields. The user defines what fields and in which order are used in the cards. The application automatically generates cards for different directions, e.g. from English language to French and in reversed order.

The primary purpose of the application is to learn and repeat foreign words. But other areas can be studied as well, for example, country's capitals, flags, mathematical formulas, etc. The study material is stored as collections of flashcards. The application has two studying modes: classic random browsing of flashcards and Spaced repetition.

Fresh Memory is released as a free open-source software under GPL 3 license with full functionality.

SuperMemo
SuperMemo (from "Super Memory") is a learning method and software package developed by SuperMemo World and SuperMemo R&D with Piotr Woźniak in Poland from 1985 to the present. It is based on research into long-term memory, and is a practical application of the spaced repetition learning method that has been proposed for efficient instruction by a number of psychologists as early as in the 1930s.

The method is available as a computer program for Windows, Windows CE, Windows Mobile (Pocket PC), Palm OS (PalmPilot), etc. Course software by the same company (SuperMemo World) can also be used in a web browser or even without a computer.

The desktop version of SuperMemo started as a flashcard software (SuperMemo 1.0 (1987)). It has supported incremental reading since SuperMemo 10 (2000).
Raised bog
Raised bogs, also called ombrotrophic bogs, are acidic, wet habitats that are poor in mineral salts and are home to flora and fauna that can cope with such extreme conditions. Raised bogs, unlike fens, are exclusively fed by precipitation (ombrotrophy) and from mineral salts introduced from the air. They thus represent a special type of bog, hydrologically, ecologically and in terms of their development history, in which the growth of peat mosses over centuries or millennia plays a decisive role. They also differ in character from blanket bogs which are much thinner and occur in wetter, cloudier climatic zones.

Raised bogs are very threatened by peat cutting and pollution by mineral salts from the surrounding land (due to agriculture and industry). The last great raised bog regions are found in western Siberia and Canada.

Flark
A flark is a depression or hollow within a bog.  Flarks typically occur as a series of parallel depressions, separated by intervening ridges known as strings.

Early theories suggested that flarks were formed by frost heaving, but flarks have since been found in areas where frost heaving does not occur. Flarks are now thought to form when the peat that forms the base of the bog becomes so thick that it slides downslope due to its own weight.  Irregularities in the underlying terrain halt the slide of the peat, causing flarks to form downslope from the obstruction as the downslope peat tears away from the portion of the peat mass held back by the underlying obstruction.  Another theory suggests that flarks are formed by areas within the bog which experience accelerated rates of decay, causing depressions in the bog.
Josh Jenkins (songwriter)
Josh Jenkins is a Nashville based singer/songwriter and lead singer of the band Green River Ordinance. Growing up, Jenkins spent time singing at local opries in Texas, and ultimately joined the band at 15 years old, where he spent 15 years as the lead singer. Jenkins now resides in Nashville, TN, largely focusing his craft on songwriting. Jenkins signed a worldwide publishing deal with powerhouse publisher SMACKsongs in late 2016. Jenkins’ songs have been recorded by artists such as Walker Hayes, Jordan Davis, Muscadine Bloodline, Randy Houser, and more. Jenkins has also started to release solo projects, including his first three singles, “Broken Record,” “Perfect Mess,” and “More Beautiful.”

Walker Hayes
Charles Edgar Walker Hayes (born December 27, 1979) is an American country pop singer and songwriter. He has released five studio albums: Reason to Rhyme in 2011 on Capitol Records Nashville, and Boom (2017), Country Stuff the Album (2022), New Money (2023), and 17 Problems (2025), on RCA Records. Hayes has charted multiple singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts; his highest-peaking is "Fancy Like", which reached the number one position on both charts between late 2021 and early 2022.