hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles E. Laughton
Charles E. Laughton (June 4, 1846 – March 16, 1895) was an American politician and attorney from Washington and Nevada.

He was elected as a territorial representative for Stevens, Okanogan, and Spokane counties in 1888, before Washington Territory became a state. Laughton served as the first lieutenant governor of Washington and fifth lieutenant governor of Nevada. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
The lieutenant governor of Nevada is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Nevada. The lieutenant governor maintains an office in Carson City, Nevada at the Nevada State Capitol and is elected separately from the Governor, and may therefore be from a different party than the Governor. The incumbent lieutenant governor is Stavros Anthony, a Republican. He was sworn in in January 2023. The governor has the authority to appoint a replacement to fill the balance of the term in any vacant constitutional office, including that of the lieutenant governor, subject to Senate confirmation.
Phạm Thị Nguyệt Anh
Phạm Thị Nguyệt Anh (born December 13, 1998) is a Vietnamese volleyball player. She is a member of Vietnam women's national volleyball team and Bộ Tư lệnh Thông tin.

Her birth name was Phạm Thị Ánh Nguyệt. Her parents changed her name to Phạm Thị Nguyệt Anh when she was six years old. She has a twin sister, Phạm Thị Nguyệt Ánh.

Volleyball Vietnam League
The Volleyball Vietnam League (Vietnamese: Giải bóng chuyền vô địch Quốc gia Việt Nam) is the top-level volleyball league for both men and women in Vietnam. It is organized by the Volleyball Federation of Vietnam.

The champion team qualifies for the Men's or Women's AVC Champions League.
Tolga-Os Municipality
Tolga-Os is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 2,163-square-kilometre (835 sq mi) municipality existed from 1966 until its dissolution in 1976. The area is now part of Tolga Municipality and Os Municipality in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre was the village of Tolga. Other villages in the municipality included Dalsbygda, Hodalen, Narbuvoll, Os i Østerdalen, Tufsingdalen, Vingelen, and Øversjødalen.

Prior to its dissolution in 1976, the 2,163-square-kilometre (835 sq mi) municipality was the 27th largest by area out of the 460 municipalities in Norway. Tolga-Os Municipality was the 254th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 3,757. The municipality's population density was 1.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.4/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 5% over the previous 10-year period.

Narbuvoll
Narbuvoll is a village in Os Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the shores of the lake Narsjøen, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the village of Os i Østerdalen. The large mountain Håmmålsfjellet lies between the villages of Narbuvoll and Os i Østerdalen. The Tufsingdalen valley lies to the southeast of Narbuvoll.

Narbuvoll Church is located in the village.
Glasgow Eyes
Glasgow Eyes is the eighth studio album by Scottish alternative rock band the Jesus and Mary Chain, released on 22 March 2024 through Fuzz Club,. It marks their first studio release in seven years, following Damage and Joy (2017).

The album received positive reviews from critics and debuted at No. 7 on the UK Albums Chart, the band's first top 10 placement since the Barbed Wire Kisses compilation in 1988.

Damage and Joy
Damage and Joy is the seventh studio album by Scottish alternative rock band the Jesus and Mary Chain, released on 24 March 2017 by Artificial Plastic Records. It is the group's first album in 19 years, and marks their first collaboration with producer Youth.

Half of the album's songs had appeared previously in different versions: an earlier recording of "All Things Pass" was released on the 2008 Heroes soundtrack as "All Things Must Pass"; "Song for a Secret" and "Amputation" were released by Jim Reid, the latter as a solo single in 2007 under the title "Dead End Kids"; "Can't Stop the Rock" was released by Sister Vanilla, the Reids' sister Linda; and "The Two of Us", "Get on Home", and "Facing Up to the Facts" were released by Jim's band Freeheat.
Rear admiral (Pakistan)
Rear Admiral (abbreviated as RADM) is a two-star commissioned armed senior flag officer rank in the Pakistan Navy, and marines awarded by the Government of Pakistan to Commodores as a position advancement in uniformed service. It is the third-highest rank in Pakistan armed services with a NATO code of OF-7, and while it is worn on epaulettes with a two-star insignia, it ranks above one-star rank Commodore and below three-star rank Vice admiral. Rear Admiral is equivalent to the rank of Major General of Pakistan Army and Air Vice Marshal of the Pakistan Air Force.

Rear Admiral in the Pakistan Navy is a senior flag officer rank and is abbreviated as R/ADMPN to distinguish it from the same ranks offered in other countries, although there is no official abbreviation available for a Pakistani rear admiral. Rear Admiral may be also called as two-star Admiral to distinguish it from other insignias such as three-star Vice Admiral and four-star Admiral.

Pakistan Navy ranks and insignia
The Pakistan Navy ranks and insignia are the military insignia used by the Pakistan Navy. They are used to identify their roles as commanding officers and varies with their responsibilities. As a former Dominion, Pakistan shares a rank structure similar to that of the Royal Navy.
St Duthus F.C.
St. Duthus Football Club (also referred to as Tain St. Duthus Football Club) is a senior Scottish football club playing in the North Caledonian Football League based at Grant Park (by the Links) in the town of Tain in the Scottish Highlands.

Ross-shire Welfare Football Association
The Ross-shire Welfare Football Association is a recreational football league operating in the Highlands of Scotland, affiliated to the Scottish Welfare Football Association and the Scottish Football Association.

Although another association by the same name was originally formed in the late 1950s / early 1960s, the current incarnation was formed in 1982 by James Patullo.

In 2019, with club member numbers dwindling, a switch to amateur status was proposed and seconded by all clubs.
Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi
Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi (Arabic: جنادة بن أبي أمية الأزدي, died 699) was a Syria-based commander of naval and land forces under the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) and a transmitter of hadiths (earliest Islamic traditions).

Lawrence Conrad
Lawrence Irvin Conrad (born 1949) is a British historian and scholar of Oriental studies, specializing in Near Eastern studies and the history of medicine. He currently serves as historian for the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine in London.
Capitularies of Charles the Bald
The Capitularies of Charles the Bald represent a series of acts implemented by King Charles to decide and promulgate laws governing public affairs.  Capitularies were used extensively by the Merovingian and Carolingian rulers (see the Capitularies of Charlemagne) to provide guidance to counts and their subordinate officers in the far-flung reaches of the empire.

Hincmar, as chief advisor to Charles, was particularly adept at coordinating and disseminating the capitularies, soliciting maximum input from all sources.  While numerous capitularies were issued by Charles, two important ones stand out:

Capitulary of Servais of 854, dispatching Missi to protect and secure the realm

Capitulary of Quierzy of 877, providing guidance for protecting the realm during Charles’ absence.

A complete list of capitularies was provided by Jacques Sirmond in his 1623 history.

Capitulary
A capitulary (medieval Latin capitulare) was a series of legislative or administrative acts emanating from the Frankish court of the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties, especially that of Charlemagne, the first emperor of the Romans in the west since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century. They were so called because they were formally divided into sections called capitula (plural of capitulum, a diminutive of caput meaning "head(ing)": chapters).

As soon as the capitulary was composed, it was sent to the various functionaries of the Frankish Empire, archbishops, bishops, missi dominici and counts, a copy being kept by the chancellor in the archives of the palace. The last emperor to draw up capitularies was Lambert of Italy, in 898.
Ayila Yussuf
Atanda Ayila Yussuf (born 4 November 1984) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a central defender or defensive midfielder. A former Nigerian youth international player, Yussuf moved to Ukrainian Premier League Dynamo Kyiv from Nigerian side Union Bank in 2003. Despite injuries, Yussuf became a regular for both Dynamo Kyiv and the Nigeria national team. He joined Metalist Kharkiv on loan in 2014.

FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv
FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv was the second football team of the Ukrainian football club Dynamo Kyiv based in Kyiv, Ukraine. The team was first created in 1938, and the club ceased its recent operations again after the 2015–16 season. During the Soviet period, participation of the second squad was sporadic and mostly at republican level, the Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR.

During the first couple of decades of the Ukrainian second tier (Persha Liha), the team dominated the league competition and won three titles. Later its performance declined, and the club concentrated its effort on its junior squads competing in parallel competitions for the youth.
Stephen Goldsmith
Stephen "Steve" Goldsmith (born December 12, 1946) is an American politician and writer who was the 46th mayor of Indianapolis. He also served as the deputy mayor of New York City for operations from 2010 to 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he ran unsuccessfully for lieutenant governor of Indiana in 1988 and governor of Indiana in 1996. He is currently the Derek Bok Professor of the Practice of Urban Policy  and Director of Data-Smart City Solutions at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. In 2006, Goldsmith was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Marion County, Indiana
Marion County is located in the U.S. state of Indiana. The 2020 United States census reported a population of 977,203, making it the 54th-most populous county in the U.S., the most populous county in the state, and the main population center of the 11-county Indianapolis–Carmel–Greenwood MSA in central Indiana. Indianapolis is the county seat, the state capital, and most populous city. Marion County is consolidated with Indianapolis through an entity known as Unigov.
Alfonso Lista
Alfonso Lista, formerly known as Potia, officially the Municipality of Lista  is a municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 34,810 people.

Legislative districts of Ifugao
The legislative districts of Ifugao are the representations of the province of Ifugao in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its lone congressional district.
Urum al-Jawz
Urum al-Jawz (Arabic: أورم الجوز, also called Ouram al-Jawz) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located south of Idlib. Nearby localities include Maataram to the north, Ariha to the northeast, Kafr Latah to the east, Sarja to the southeast, al-Rami to the south and Muhambal to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Urum al-Jawz had a population of 4,683 in the 2004 census.

Maataram
Maataram (Arabic: معترم)  is a Syrian village located in Ariha Nahiyah in Ariha District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maataram had a population of 2351 in the 2004 census.
Hard candy
A hard candy (American English), or boiled sweet (British English), is a sugar candy prepared from one or more sugar-based syrups that is heated to a temperature of 160 °C (320 °F) to make candy.  Among the many hard candy varieties are stick candy such as the candy cane, lollipops, rock, aniseed twists, and bêtises de Cambrai.

Most hard candy is nearly 100% sugar by weight, with a tiny amount of other ingredients for color or flavor, and negligible water content in the final product. Recipes for hard candy may use syrups of sucrose, glucose, fructose or other sugars.  Sugar-free versions have also been created.

Candy cane
A candy cane is a cane-shaped stick candy often associated with Christmastide as well as Saint Nicholas Day. The canes are typically white with red stripes and flavoured with peppermint, but the canes also come in a variety of other flavours and colours.
1978 Caribbean Series
The twenty-first edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1978. It was held from February 4 through February 9 with the champions teams from the Dominican Republic, Águilas Cibaeñas; Mexico, Tomateros de Culiacán; Puerto Rico, Indios de Mayagüez and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Teodoro Mariscal in Mazatlán, Mexico.

Caribbean Series
The Caribbean Series (Spanish: Serie del Caribe) is an annual club tournament contested by professional baseball teams in Latin America. It is organized by the Caribbean Professional Baseball Confederation. The series is normally played in February, after the various winter leagues have ended their national tournaments.

The Dominican Republic has won the most Caribbean Series championships (23), with Tigres del Licey being the most successful team in the tournament's history. The series has been won by 29 teams from seven countries. Only two teams have won the tournament two consecutive years, the most recent being Criollos de Caguas from Puerto Rico in 2017 and 2018.
2002 New Year Honours
New Years' Honours are announced on or around the date of the New Year in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.

This page lists those awards announced in the 2002 New Year's honours lists for the United Kingdom, Barbados, The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.

HM Land Registry
His Majesty's Land Registry is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government, created in 1862 to register the ownership of land and property in England and Wales. It reports to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The land register contains information on 87% (by area) of the freehold land in England and Wales as of 2019.

While HM Land Registry reports to MHCLG, it is operationally independent. The fees it charges for the registration and information services it provides are returned to HM Treasury. The current interim Chief Land Registrar (and interim CEO) is Ian Banfield.

The equivalent office in Scotland is the Registers of Scotland. Land and Property Services maintain records for Northern Ireland.
University of Bradford School of Management
University of Bradford School of Management is an international business school located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It was established in 1963 and is one of the oldest business schools in the UK, celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2023. The school is triple accredited by AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS.

Until summer 2019 it occupied buildings near Lister Park. The school was relocated to the University of Bradford City Campus for teaching in September 2019.

The School of Management is believed to be the origin of the Bradford factor, an absence review technique in HRM.

Bradford Factor
The Bradford Factor or Bradford Formula is used in human resource management as a means of measuring worker absenteeism. The theory is that short, frequent, and unplanned absences are more disruptive than longer absences. According to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development the term was first coined due to its supposed connection with research undertaken by the Bradford University School of Management in the 1980s. According to the Financial Times, "HR folklore" has attributed its origins to a pharmaceuticals firm whose managers attended a seminar at Bradford Management School. Bradford University has not confirmed that the Bradford Factor originated there.
Mahesana Assembly constituency
Mahesana, also spelled Mehsana, is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Mahesana district, numbered as 15-Mahesana and is one of the seven Vidhan Sabha seats which fall under Mahesana Lok Sabha constituency. Its current MLA is Nitinbhai Patel.

Gujarat Legislative Assembly
The Gujarat Legislative Assembly (ISO: Gujārāt Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat, in the state capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from single-member constituencies (seats). It has a term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes.  From its majority party group or by way of a grand coalition cabinet of its prominent members, the state's Executive namely the Government of Gujarat is formed.

Since 1995, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly has been controlled by the Bharatiya Janata Party with an absolute majority in the House.
Philosophical views of Bertrand Russell
The aspects of Bertrand Russell's views on philosophy cover the changing viewpoints of philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), from his early writings in 1896 until his death in February 1970.

Logical form
In logic, the logical form of a statement is a precisely specified semantic version of that statement in a formal system. Informally, the logical form attempts to formalize a possibly ambiguous statement into a statement with a precise, unambiguous logical interpretation with respect to a formal system. In an ideal formal language, the meaning of a logical form can be determined unambiguously from syntax alone. Logical forms are semantic, not syntactic constructs; therefore, there may be more than one string that represents the same logical form in a given language.

The logical form of an argument is called the argument form of the argument.
Rachel, West Virginia
Rachel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. It is located along Buffalo Creek, 2 miles (3.2 km) east-southeast of Mannington. Rachel has a post office with ZIP code 26587. As of the 2020 census, its population was 224 (down from 248 at the 2010 census). Rachel is located on U.S. 250 between Farmington and Mannington.

Mannington, West Virginia
Mannington is a city in Marion County, West Virginia, United States, located in the hills of North Central West Virginia. The population was 1,961 at the 2020 census. In its earliest years it was called Forks of Buffalo or Koon Town, but has been called Mannington since 1856.
Torras i Bages (Barcelona Metro)
Torras i Bages is a station of the Barcelona Metro, on L1 (red line). Opened in 1968, it serves the northern part of the Sant Andreu de Palomar neighbourhood in the Sant Andreu district. It was one of the termini of this subway line until 1983, when it was extended into Santa Coloma de Gramenet. The station does not include accessibility facilities as of 2008. It has two 107-metre-long platforms, and it is unusual for a subway station of this kind in having three railtracks as opposed to two, due to its former role as line terminus. The current railtrack leading to Fondo is actually a secondary one.

The station is named after a road, Passeig de Torras i Bages (and ultimately after the 19th century bishop of Vic Josep Torras i Bages.

Fondo (Barcelona Metro)
Fondo is a Barcelona Metro station in the municipality of Santa Coloma de Gramenet, in the northern part of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. It is served by two metro lines, L1 (red line), of which it is  the northern terminus, and L9 (orange line). It was built in 1992 under Camí Fondo de Badalona, in the neighbourhood of Fondo (hence the name), between Carrer Dalmau and Carrer Verdi.

It began to serve L9 (orange line) on 13 December 2009, providing a transfer to the first part of Line 9 that was opened, which initially ran between Can Zam and Can Peixauet.
Super Zimbabwe African People's Union
The Super Zimbabwe African People's Union was a militant organization, made up of former members of the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA),Rhodesian Security Forces and turned ANC cadres ( ASKARIs ), which operated in Zimbabwe in the 1980s. Super ZAPU members were believed to have been supported by South Africa's apartheid government as a proxy in Zimbabwe to undermine Prime Minister Robert Mugabe's new government.

Author Joseph Hanlon argues in Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid power in Southern Africa that Super ZAPU members were former ZIPRA fighters who fought on behalf of South Africa.

Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army
Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), a Marxist–Leninist political party in Rhodesia. It participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule in Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe). ZIPRA (or often ZPRA) was formed during the 1960s by the nationalist leader Jason Moyo, the deputy of Joshua Nkomo. Its sponsors included the Organisation of African Unity and Soviet Union and its base of support lay in Ndebele and other non-Shona minorities in southwestern Zimbabwe, the home region of many of its leaders. After the war, it was edged out of power by ZANU-PF.
Eucalyptus hypolaena
Eucalyptus hypolaena is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hard, dark grey bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, pale yellow flowers and shortened spherical to barrel-shaped fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.