hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raj Ballabh Yadav
Raj Ballabh Yadav is an Indian politician from Bihar, known for his association with the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD). He served as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Nawada Assembly constituency for three terms. His political career ended after his conviction in a high-profile rape case and his alleged involvement in sex trafficking.

Nawada district
Nawada district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar. Nawada is its administrative headquarters. The district is the easternmost district of the Magadh division, one of the nine administrative divisions of Bihar. The area of the modern district was historically part of the Magadha, Shunga and Gupta empires. Koderma and Giridih districts of the state of Jharkhand lie on the southern border of the district; it also shares borders with the Gaya, Nalanda, Sheikhpura, and Jamui districts of Bihar.
Peter Benedik
Peter Benedik (born 21 November 1947 in Košice) is a retired football player and coach from Slovakia.

He has been involved in education of players as Peter Dubovský, Václav Němeček, Radek Bejbl, Pavel Nedvěd, Štefan Rusnák and others.

Radek Bejbl
Radek Bejbl (born 29 August 1972) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He notably played four seasons with Atlético Madrid and played in the UEFA Euro 1996 final with the Czech Republic national team.
Hakametsä
Hakametsä is a smaller district of Tampere, Finland, located about four kilometers from its city center. The neighboring parts of Hakametsä are Huikas, Ristinarkku, Messukylä, Vuohenoja, Kalevanrinne, Kaleva, Kissanmaa and Uusikylä.

Hakametsä was once the pasture of the Messukylä's parsonage, and it was settled in the late 19th century. The first inhabitants were "gardener Juho Fritzkopf, carpenter August Heino, mixed worker Nestor Rajala, butcher Kalle Lindevall, gardener Aksel Gauffin, baker Kustaa Eklund and baker Lahtinen". The first town plans of Hakametsä and Ristinarkku were confirmed in the 1950s. Finland's first ice rink, Tampere Ice Stadium (also known as Hakametsä Arena), was completed in Hakametsä for the 1965 Ice Hockey World Championships.

Messukylä
Messukylä (Swedish: Messukylä, also Messuby) is a former municipality of Finland which was annexed by the city of Tampere in 1947. The medieval stone church (built c. 1540) in Messukylä is the oldest building in Tampere. During the Civil War (1918), Messukylä was the scene of heavy battles around both the medieval and new churches.
Double or Quits (1938 film)
Double or Quits is a 1938 British crime film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Frank Fox, Patricia Medina and Hal Walters.

It was shot at Teddington Studios. It was made as a quota quickie by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Glengarry Brigade
The Glengarry Brigade are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Glengarry County, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Martin Division of the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League (EOJHL). They play at the Glengarry Sports Palace & Char-Lan Rec Centre. In their history, the Glens have won the D. Arnold Carson Memorial Trophy or now named the Dwayne Barkley trophy twice as district Junior "B" champions and the Rebels have won it once.

Ottawa West Golden Knights
The Ottawa West Golden Knights are a Canadian Junior ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario.  Between 2014-15 and the end of the 2019-2020 seasons, the EOJHL and the CCHL set a new agreement  in an attempt to create a better player development model. This resulted in the league re-branding itself as the Central Canada Hockey League Tier 2 (CCHL2), and shrinking to 16 teams and two divisions. The league reverted to the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League for 2021.  The Golden Knights are in the Martin Division.
Raising hands
Raising hands is a gesture involving lifting either one or both arms above one's head, which has a number of possible meanings, depending on the context of the gesture.

The action of hand-raising is involved in a number of greeting hand gestures, such as waving, salutes, and high fives. The raised fist, an action used mostly in left-wing political endeavours and by oppressed minorities, is a symbol of defiance and solidarity. The Nazi salute is demonstrated by flattening the right hand, straightening the arm and raising it just above one's shoulder. A 'show of hands' is defined as a vote wherein people raise one hand to demonstrate their support for or opposition towards an idea.

Hand-raising is also involved in actions of other disciplines. One such discipline is yoga, which incorporates many poses with one or both arms extended into the air, such as Urdhva Vrikshasana, which translates to ‘raised hands pose’.

Salute
A salute is usually a formal hand gesture or other action used to display respect in military situations. Salutes are primarily associated with the military and law enforcement, but many civilian organizations, such as Girl Guides, Boy Scouts and the Salvation Army use formal salutes. Ordinary civilians also salute informally to greet or acknowledge the presence of another person, such as a tip of the hat or a hand wave to a friend or neighbor.
Seán Condon
Seán Condon (11 June 1923 – 27 October 2001) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with St Finbarr's, while he was also a member of the Cork senior hurling team.

Although cut short by injury, Condon had a successful career across various levels. Regarded as the St Finbarr's club's greatest-ever hurler, he captained club, county and province to success in various competitions. Condon became the first player to captain a team to All-Ireland MHC and All-Ireland SHC successes, while his tenure as Cork's senior team captain saw the team win a record-setting fourth successive All-Ireland SHC title.

1941 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1941 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. As a result of the Emergency it was the last championship to be staged until 1945.

Limerick entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clare in the Munster quarter-final.

On 28 September 1941 Cork won the championship following a 3–11 to 1–1 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.
2023–24 PWHL Minnesota season
The 2023–24 PWHL Minnesota season was the team's inaugural season as a member of the newly created Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They played their home games at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

PWHL Minnesota clinched the league's final playoff spot on the last day of the regular season, and regular season-champion PWHL Toronto selected Minnesota as its semifinal opponent. Minnesota went on to defeat Toronto in a five-game series, winning three straight games after losing the first two. Minnesota advanced to the PWHL Finals, where they faced PWHL Boston. Minnesota prevailed in another five-game series, winning the inaugural Walter Cup championship. Minnesota's first overall draft pick from the 2023 PWHL draft, Taylor Heise, led the playoffs in scoring and was voted the most valuable player of the playoffs. After the season, Grace Zumwinkle was named the league's rookie of the year.

Grand Casino Arena
Grand Casino Arena (formerly Xcel Energy Center) is a multipurpose arena in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was completed in 2000 and often called "The X" by fans. With an official capacity of 17,954, the arena has four spectator levels: one suite level and three for general seating. The building is home to the NHL's Minnesota Wild, the Minnesota Frost of the PWHL, and future MLV Minnesota of Major League Volleyball.

The arena is owned by the city of Saint Paul and operated by the Wild's parent company, Minnesota Sports & Entertainment. It is on the same block of downtown St. Paul as the RiverCentre convention facility, the Roy Wilkins Auditorium, and the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts, and shares a single indoor access area with the RiverCentre and Roy Wilkins Auditorium.
Leung Nok Hang
Jacky Leung Nok Hang (Chinese: 梁諾恆; born 14 November 1994) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a centre back for China League One club Shenzhen Juniors. He is the younger brother of current Eastern player Leung Kwun Chung.

2015–16 Hong Kong Sapling Cup
2015–16 Hong Kong Sapling Cup (officially the 2015–16 Henderson Sapling Cup for sponsorship reasons)  was the inaugural edition of the Sapling Cup. The Cup is contested by the 9 football teams in the 2015–16 Hong Kong Premier League.

The objective of the Cup was to create more potential playing opportunities for youth players. In this Cup competition, each team must play a minimum of two players born on or after 1 January 1994 (U22) and six foreign players at most during every whole match, or send at most four foreign players during every whole match.

Pegasus won the title on 18 May 2016.
Linnusitamaa
Linnusitamaa (also known as Linnusita saar) is a 5.07 ha (12.5-acre) uninhabited Estonian islet in the Gulf of Riga. It is located about 300 m (980 ft) south of the island of Abruka. Administratively Linnusitamaa belongs to the village of Abruka in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County. The island is part of the Abruka Nature Reserve.

The name is a curiosity, literally meaning 'bird shit land' in Estonian. However, as the Estonian word does not have as offensive connotations as the English equivalent, it would more properly be translated as 'guano island'.

The New York Times reported that, during the 1905 Russian Revolution against Czarist Russia, Linnusitamaa, like other Baltic islands, declared itself an independent republic.

Saaremaa Parish
Saaremaa Parish, also known as Saaremaa Municipality (Estonian: Saaremaa vald), is a municipality in Saare County in western Estonia. It is the largest municipality by land area and largest rural municipality – or parish – by population in Estonia. The administrative centre of the municipality is its only town Kuressaare.

It is one of three parishes comprising the county, along with Muhu and Ruhnu Parish. It was formed following the 2017 Estonian municipal reform on 21 October 2017 on the basis of all twelve former Saaremaa municipalities: Kuressaare town and Kihelkonna, Laimjala, Leisi, Lääne-Saare, Mustjala, Orissaare, Pihtla, Pöide, Salme, Torgu and Valjala parishes.
Pterygoplichthys scrophus
Pterygoplichthys scrophus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Marañón River and the Ucayali River in Peru. The species reaches 27.5 cm (10.8 in) in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.

Pterygoplichthys scrophus appears in the aquarium trade, where it may be known as the alligator pleco, the chocolate pleco, or the rhino pleco.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Disjoining pressure
In surface chemistry, disjoining pressure (symbol Πd) according to an IUPAC definition arises from an attractive interaction between two surfaces. For two flat and parallel surfaces, the value of the disjoining pressure (i.e., the force per unit area) can be calculated as the derivative of the Gibbs energy of interaction per unit area in respect to distance (in the direction normal to that of the interacting surfaces). There is also a related concept of disjoining force, which can be viewed as disjoining pressure times the surface area of the interacting surfaces.

The concept of disjoining pressure was introduced by Derjaguin (1936) as the difference between the pressure in a region of a phase adjacent to a surface confining it, and the pressure in the bulk of this phase.

Surface science
Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics. Some related practical applications are classed as surface engineering. The science encompasses concepts such as heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductor device fabrication, fuel cells, self-assembled monolayers, and adhesives. Surface science is closely related to interface and colloid science. Interfacial chemistry and physics are common subjects for both. The methods are different. In addition, interface and colloid science studies macroscopic phenomena that occur in heterogeneous systems due to peculiarities of interfaces.
Boualitomus
Boualitomus ("Bou Ali cutter") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct paraphyletic clade Boualitominae within extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in what is now Morocco during the earliest Eocene.

Boualitominae
Boualitominae ("Bou Ali cutters") is an extinct paraphyletic clade of predatory placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from middle Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in Africa.
Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Light middleweight
The men's light middleweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 71 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 20 September to 2 October 1988. 36 boxers from 36 nations competed.

19-year-old Roy Jones Jr. of the U.S. dominated his opponents, never losing a single round en route to the final. In the final, he controversially lost a 3–2 decision to 23-year-old South Korean fighter Park Si-Hun, four years his senior, despite pummeling Park for three rounds and landing 86 punches to Park's 32.

Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in the Jamsil Students' Gymnasium in Seoul between 17 September and 2 October. Twelve men's individual boxing events were contested, attended by 432 athletes and 159 officials from 106 countries. The events were notable for a controversial decision in the light middleweight championship bout between American Roy Jones Jr. and South Korean Park Si-Hun, when Roy Jones was denied gold despite being considered vastly superior by observers.
Skippy Adelman
Skippy Adelman (born Julius Edelman; March 29, 1924 Manhattan, New York City – May 1, 2004 Long Island City, New York) was an American photographer, best known for his book Jazzways, featuring monochrome photography of jazz musicians, and for his contributions to the bygone New York City daily paper, PM, where he worked as a staff photojournalist.

Adelman also worked as a stringer for Black Star and contributed photos to Ebony from 1946 to 1955 and New York Age around 1950. Adelman stopped photographing jazz musicians in the late 1940s and seemingly disappeared, perhaps because he began using his real name in 1953.

Ancestry.com
Ancestry.com LLC is an American genealogy company based in Lehi, Utah. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical, historical records, and related genetic genealogy websites. It is owned by Blackstone Inc., which acquired the company on December 4, 2020, in a deal valued at $4.7 billion.

As of 2022, the company said it had provided access to 30 billion historical records, tripling its November 2018 figure of 10 billion records. In 2018 it also reported having 3 million paying subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network of more than 25 million users, and Ancestry DNA testing is available in 128 countries.

As well as its main website, Ancestry operates country-specific versions for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
2017 AON Open Challenger
The 2017 AON Open Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Genoa, Italy between 5 and 10 September 2017.

AON Open Challenger
The Genoa AON Open Challenger - Memorial Giorgio Messina is an annual tennis tournament held in Genoa, Italy in September, since 2003. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts. The tournament has been organized annually with the sole exceptions of 2020 and 2021, when it was canceled because of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.
Jack Lake (Nipissing District)
Jack Lake is a lake in Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in Algonquin Provincial Park, is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and lies 750 metres (2,460 ft) north of Ontario Highway 60.

The primary inflow is an unnamed stream arriving at the east, and the primary outflow is Jack Creek leaving at the east. Jack Creek flows to Mew Lake, continues to the North Madawaska River, and then via the Madawaska River and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River. The lake is at an elevation of 468 metres (1,535 ft).

The Hemlock Bluff Trail, a 3.5-kilometre (2.2 mi) loop, leads from Highway 60 to the lake, including along a bluff on the southeast side of the lake

Mew Lake
Mew Lake is a lake in Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in Algonquin Provincial Park, is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and lies astride Ontario Highway 60.

The primary inflow, arriving at the southwest, and outflow, leaving at the northwest, is Jack Creek. A secondary, unnamed inflow arrives from Pewee Lake at the southwest. Jack Creek flows via the North Madawaska River, the Madawaska River and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River. The lake is at an elevation of 399 metres (1,309 ft).

The Mew Lake Campground at Algonquin Provincial Park is on the lake. It is open year-round, with campsites with electrical hookup, radio-free and dog-free zones, and seven roofed accommodation yurts.
Stratum basale
The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the external covering of skin in mammals.

The stratum basale is a single  layer of columnar or cuboidal basal cells. The cells are attached to each other and to the overlying stratum spinosum cells by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. The nucleus is large, ovoid and occupies most of the cell. Some basal cells  can act like stem cells with the ability to divide and produce new cells, and these are sometimes called basal keratinocyte stem cells. Others serve to anchor the epidermis glabrous skin (hairless), and hyper-proliferative epidermis (from a skin disease).

They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially. Other types of cells found within the stratum basale are melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) and Merkel cells (touch receptors).

Hemidesmosome
Hemidesmosomes are very small stud-like structures found in keratinocytes of the epidermis of skin that attach to the extracellular matrix. They are similar in form to desmosomes when visualized by electron microscopy; however, desmosomes attach to adjacent cells. Hemidesmosomes are also comparable to focal adhesions, as they both attach cells to the extracellular matrix. Instead of desmogleins and desmocollins in the extracellular space, hemidesmosomes utilize integrins. Hemidesmosomes are found in epithelial cells connecting the basal epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Hemidesmosomes are also involved in signaling pathways, such as keratinocyte migration or carcinoma cell intrusion.
Helianthus strumosus
Helianthus strumosus, the pale-leaf woodland sunflower, is a species of sunflower native to North America east of the Great Plains and is in the family Asteraceae. It is a native perennial sunflower that resembles other members of this family including the Pale Sunflower (H. decapetalus), Woodland Sunflower (H. divaricatus), Hispid Sunflower (H. hirsutus), and Jerusalem Artichoke (H. tuberosus). Pale-leaf sunflowers can be found in a diverse range of habitats including woodland areas, prairies, and meadows, providing that these habitats have access to partial sun.

Helianthus divaricatus
Helianthus divaricatus, commonly known as the rough sunflower, woodland sunflower, or rough woodland sunflower, is a North American species perennial herb in the family Asteraceae. It is native to central and eastern North America, from Ontario and Quebec in the north, south to Florida and Louisiana and west to Oklahoma and Iowa.

Helanthus divaricatus commonly occurs in dry, relatively open sites.  The showy yellow flowers emerge in summer through early fall.

The woodland sunflower is similar to Helianthus hirsutus, but its stem is rough. It is up to 1.5 m tall with short stalked, lanceolate to oval leaves, 1–8 cm wide with toothed margins. Its flowers have 8 to 15 rays, each 1.5 to 3 cm (0.6-1.2 inches) long, surrounding an orange or yellowish brown central disk. The plant attracts birds and butterflies. The Latin specific epithet divaricatus means spreading in a straggling manner.
Brenda L Croft
Brenda L. Croft (born 1964) is an Aboriginal Australian artist, curator, writer, and educator working across contemporary Indigenous and mainstream arts and cultural sectors. Croft was a founding member of the Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Cooperative in 1987.

Arts administration
Arts administration (alternatively arts management) is a field in the arts sector that facilitates programming within cultural organizations. Arts administrators are responsible for facilitating the day-to-day operations of the organization as well as the long term goals by and fulfilling its vision, mission and mandate. Arts management became present in the arts and culture sector in the 1960s. Organizations include professional non-profit (referred to as not-for-profit in Canada) entities. For examples, theaters, museums, symphony orchestras, concert bands, jazz organizations, opera houses, ballet companies and many smaller professional and non-professional for-profit arts-related organizations (e.g. auction houses, art galleries, music companies, etc.). The duties of an arts administrator can include staff management, marketing, budget management, public relations, fundraising, program development evaluation, community engagement, strategic planning, and board relations.
Biathlon Junior World Championships 2018
The 2018 Biathlon Junior World Championships was held in Otepää, Estonia from 26 February to 4 March 2018. There was a total of 16 competitions: sprint, pursuit, individual and relay races for men and women.

Biathlon Junior World Championships
Biathlon Junior World Championships were first held in 1967 for men and in 1989 for women. According to the International Biathlon Union rules, biathletes qualify as Junior if they turn 20, 21 or 22 during the season from November to October, they qualify as Youth when they turn 17, 18 or 19 during the season.