hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jaguar S-Type (1963)
The Jaguar S-Type is a luxury saloon car produced by Jaguar Cars in the United Kingdom from 1963 to 1968. Announced in 30 September 1963 it was a technically more sophisticated development of the Mark 2, offering buyers a more luxurious alternative without the size and expense of the Mark X. The S-Type sold alongside the Mark 2, as well as the Jaguar 420 following its release in 1966. A retro-styled vehicle with the same name was also produced, based on the design of the original S-Type vehicles.

Jaguar independent rear suspension
Jaguar's independent rear suspension (IRS) unit has been a common component of a number of Jaguar production cars since 1961, passing through two major changes of configuration up to 2006 and last used in the Jaguar XK8 and Aston Martin DB7.  This article concentrates on the first generation Jaguar IRS, which firmly established the marque's reputation for suspension sophistication, combining as it did smooth ride with excellent roadholding and low levels of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH).  The two generations overlap in time due to their being used in both full size and sports models that were updated at different times.
Challenger 3
Challenger 3 (CR3) is a British fourth-generation main battle tank in development for the British Army. It will be produced by the conversion of existing Challenger 2 tanks by the British/German Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land joint venture.

Active protection system
An active protection system (APS) is a system designed to actively prevent certain anti-tank weapons from destroying a vehicle.

Countermeasures that either conceal the vehicle from or disrupt the guidance of an incoming guided missile threat are designated soft-kill active protection measures. Countermeasures that physically strike an incoming threat to damage or destroy it and thereby limit its ability to penetrate armor are designated hard-kill active protection measures.
Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area
Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is centered on the portion of the Tennessee River around Muscle Shoals and interprets the region's history and culture.

Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area comprises Lauderdale, Limestone, Colbert, Franklin, Lawrence and Morgan counties. Significant features of the heritage area include Wheeler Dam, Wilson Dam, Ivy Green, Rosenbaum House, Barton Hall and the northern end of the Natchez Trace.

Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area was  established by the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, which was signed into law on 30 March 2009. It is administered by the University of North Alabama.

Barton Hall (Alabama)
Barton Hall, also known as the Cunningham Plantation, is an antebellum plantation house near present-day Cherokee, Alabama, United States.  Built in 1840, it is a stylistically rare example of Greek Revival architecture in Alabama, with elements from the late Federal period.  The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its architecture.
WJEC (exam board)
WJEC (Welsh: CBAC) is an examination board providing examinations, professional development and educational resources to schools and colleges in Wales and Northern Ireland under its own name, and the Eduqas brand for England.

Qualifications Wales
Qualifications Wales (Welsh: Cymwysterau Cymru) is a Welsh Government sponsored body, responsible for the recognition of awarding bodies and the review and approval of non-degree qualifications in Wales. It was established by the Qualifications Wales Act 2015 and became operational from 21 September 2015.

It regulates awarding bodies delivering those qualifications taken in schools and colleges, including GCSEs, AS and A levels, the Welsh Baccalaureate, and vocational qualifications such as Essential Skills Wales qualifications. The organisation has over 75 staff, in a mix of regulatory, research, policy and development roles. Its offices are based in Imperial Park, Newport.
Aérospatiale C.22
Aérospatiale C.22 is a subsonic target drone developed and manufactured by Aérospatiale since 1980, and used in testing the MBDA Aster missile. It is powered by a Microturbo TRI 60-02.

To ensure the tests of the Centre d'Essais de Landes in 1995, 74 targets including twenty C22, eleven Nord Aviation CT20 and twenty-seven Fox, were launched. It was last used in France in 2014. It is equipped with a towed target for the training of anti-aircraft gun crews and ground-to-air missile batteries.

Nord Aviation CT20
The Nord Aviation CT20 was a French turbojet-powered radio-controlled target drone introduced in 1957. Developed from the Arsenal / S.F.E.C.M.A.S. T.5.510, the CT.20 was built by Nord Aviation and powered by a Turbomeca Marboré II engine, providing a top speed of 900 km/h (560 mph; 490 kn) and a flying time of 55 to 60 minutes. It has been noted for its similarity to the Ryan Firebee. The unmanned drone was used in the development of air-to-air missiles following the Second World War.

After the startup of the turbojet, the target drone is placed on a ramp and launched using two rockets. During its flight, the drone is controlled via radio signals from the ground. As it is made of light material, it is buoyant in water and can be recovered if it is forced to land on water.
Huai Kon
Huay Kon (Thai: ห้วยโก๋น) is a Thai border village, the centre of the subdistrict (tambon) of the same name, 132 km (82 mi) north of Nan, in Chaloem Phra Kiat District, Nan across from Muang Ngeum, Laos.

Nan, Thailand
Nan (Northern Thai: ᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ; Thai: น่าน, pronounced [nâːn]) is a town in northern Thailand. It is 688 km (428 mi) north of Bangkok. It is in the centre of Nan province which bears its name, and of which it is the former administrative capital. It covers tambon Nai Wiang and parts of tambon Pha Sing of Mueang Nan district, an area of 7.60 km2 (2.93 sq mi) divided into 30 chumchon. In 2010 it had a population of 21,333 spread along the Nan River's right bank. Nan is a small city, primarily devoted to commercial, administrative, educational, and hospital activities. The old heart of the city, where Wat Phumin, the national museum and other tourist attractions are found, is being restored.
Slavonian derby
Slavonian derby (Croatian: Slavonski derbi) is the name given to matches between the two most successful Croatian football clubs from the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, the Osijek-based NK Osijek and Vinkovci-based HNK Cibalia. As of May 2018, since Croatian independence the derby was played 63 times, of which 53 in 1. HNL and 10 in the Croatian Cup. In former Yugoslavia, the two clubs played 30 derbies, including 10 in the Yugoslav First League (1982 to 1987) and 20 in the Yugoslav Second League. The teams are supported by their fanbases called Kohorta and Ultrasi, at times infamously engaging in hooliganism at the time of the derby.

Osijek
Osijek (Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the economic and cultural hub of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative seat of Osijek-Baranja County. It is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,313 recorded in the 2021 census. The city is situated on the southern bank of the Drava River, 25 km (16 mi) upstream from its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 m (308 ft). Osijek is located 16 km (10 mi) west of the Croatia–Serbia border.
Kangiqłuruluk
Kangiqłuruluk (ᑲᖏᖅᖢᕈᓗᒃ formerly Oliver Sound is an uninhabited natural waterway within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located at the northern end of Baffin Island, north of Tay Sound. Its mouth opens to Tasiujaq. Pond Inlet is the nearest community. The sound makes up part of Sirmilik National Park. There are several alpine glaciers that are near this sound.

Tasiujaq (Baffin Bay)
Tasiujaq (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖅ) formerly Eclipse Sound is a natural waterway through the Arctic Archipelago within the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Bylot Island (to the north) from Baffin Island (to the south). To the east, it opens into Baffin Bay via Pond Inlet, and to the north-west into the Navy Board Inlet.
Namandjé Bumpus
Namandjé N. Bumpus is an American pharmacologist who served as the Principal Deputy Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. She was previously director of the department of pharmacology and molecular sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where she held the E.K. Marshall and Thomas H. Maren professorship in pharmacology.

Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection or AIDS, and in some cases hepatitis B. RTIs inhibit activity of reverse transcriptase, a viral DNA polymerase that is required for replication of HIV and other retroviruses.
Peoplestown
Peoplestown is a neighborhood of Atlanta just south of Center Parc Stadium and Downtown Atlanta.

Ormond Street and the Summerhill neighborhood on the north,

Hill Street and the Grant Park neighborhood on the east,

the BeltLine and the Chosewood Park neighborhood on the south, and

the Downtown Connector (I-75/I-85) and railroad tracks on the west, across which is the Pittsburgh neighborhood. It is part of NPU V.

Summerhill, Atlanta
Summerhill is a neighborhood directly south of Downtown Atlanta between the Atlanta Zoo and Center Parc Stadium. It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Grant Park, Mechanicsville, and Peoplestown.  Established in 1865, Summerhill is one of Atlanta’s oldest neighborhoods and part of the 26 neighborhoods making up the Atlanta Neighborhood Planning Unit system.
2012 Australian Manufacturers' Championship
The 2012 Australian Manufacturers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing championship for modified production touring cars. The Manufacturers Championship was determined by a series pointscore for the manufacturers of the competing vehicles although the manufacturers themselves did not directly compete. The series also incorporated the 2012 Australian Production Car Championship, the 2012 Australian Production Car Endurance Championship and the 2012 Australian Endurance Championship, each of which was a drivers' title.

The 2012 Australian Manufacturers' Championship was the 27th manufacturers title to be awarded by CAMS and the 18th to be contested under the Australian Manufacturers' Championship name.

Australian Manufacturers' Championship
The Australian Manufacturers' Championship was a motor racing title awarded by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) to the winning car manufacturer in an annual series of races held throughout Australia. Whilst the first two championships were open only to Group E Series Production Touring Cars subsequent championships through to 1991 were run to the same regulations as the Australian Touring Car Championship. The title has been revived twice since then, firstly in 1994 as a championship open to 2-litre Class II Touring Cars (soon to become known as Super Touring Cars) and from 2008 as a series for production cars, incorporating the Australian Production Car Championship.

For 2016 the Australian Manufacturers' Championship has been replaced by the Australian Production Car Series.
Étude Op. 10, No. 11 (Chopin)
Étude Op. 10, No. 11, in E♭ major, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin. It is sometimes known as the "Arpeggio" or "Guitar" Étude. The chief difficulty addressed in this piece is the performance of extended arpeggiated chords. Throughout, the hands are required to stretch intervals as large as twelfths. The melody, though usually the highest note of each chord, is often found in inner parts with higher parts simply being part of the accompaniment. This is especially the case in the final bars. The piece is also notable for its chromatic harmonies, daring at the time, and enharmonic shifts.

E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:
USS Conklin
USS Conklin (DE-439) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1972. Conklin (DE-439) was named in honor of George Emerson Conklin who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his brave actions on Guadalcanal.

John C. Butler-class destroyer escort
The John C. Butler class were destroyer escorts that originated during World War II. The lead ship was USS John C. Butler, commissioned on 31 March 1944. The class was also known as the WGT type from their Westinghouse geared turbine drive. Of the 293 ships originally planned, 206 were canceled in 1944 and a further four after being laid down; three were not completed until after the end of World War II.
Dowab District
Dowab, also spelled Doab, or Du Ab, is one of the districts of Nuristan Province in Afghanistan. It has a population of about 7,700 residents. They are mostly farmers, herders, traders, and shopkeepers.

Dowab is located in the western part of Nuristan province, surrounded by Mandol District in the north and west; Parun District in the northeast; Nurgaram District in the southeast; and Panjshir Province in the south.

Parun District
Parun District (Dari: ولسوالی پارون; Pashto: پارون ولسوالۍ; Prasun: Vâsi) is one of the districts of Nuristan Province in eastern Afghanistan. The district center is Parun, which has an estimated population of 11,563 people..
Ranital railway station
Ranital railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Puri line, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Ranital Road in Bhadrak district in the Indian state of Odisha.

Kharagpur–Puri line
The Kharagpur–Puri Line is a railway line connecting Kharagpur in the Indian state of West Bengal and Puri in Odisha.  The total line can be divided into sections. The Kharagpur–Khurda Road portion of this line, which is a part of the Howrah–Chennai main line and Khurda Road - Puri portion.
1982 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1982 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

Ballyduff Upper won the championship after a 0–20 to 1–11 defeat of Dunhill in the final. This was their first championship title. It was Dunhill's third successive defeat in a final.

1981 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1981 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 81st staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Tallow were the defending champions.

On 4 October 1981, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4–13 to 1–14 defeat of Dunhill in the final. This was their 25th championship title overall and their first title since 1975.
Miss America 1952
Miss America 1952, the 25th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 8, 1951. At age 25 (the maximum age that an entrant may be), Colleen Kay Hutchins is the second-oldest contestant to capture the crown (Debra Sue Maffett, Miss America 1983, is the oldest by a few months).

The first Miss Utah to win the crown, Hutchins, who died in 2010, was the mother of pro basketball player and executive Kiki Vandeweghe and grandmother of tennis player Coco Vandeweghe.

Miss America
Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 18 and 28. Originating in 1921 as a "bathing beauty revue", the contest is judged on competition segments with scoring percentages: Private Interview (30%) – a 10-minute press conference-style interview with a panel of judges, On Stage Question (10%) – answering a judge's question onstage, Talent or HER Story (20%) – a performance talent or 90 second speech, Health and Fitness (20%) – demonstrated physical fitness onstage dressed in athletic wear, and Evening Gown (20%) – modeling evening-wear onstage.

The previous year's titleholder crowns the winner. Miss America 2026 is Cassie Donegan of New York, who was crowned on September 7, 2025, at the Dr Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida.
Tremarctos floridanus
Tremarctos floridanus is an extinct species of short-faced bear from North America. Its fossils have been largely found throughout the Southeastern United States and Mexico from the Late Pleistocene, and from earlier epochs at some sites in western North America. T. floridanus became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.

Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (/ˈænzə bəˈreɪɡoʊ/, AN-zə bə-RAY-goh) is a California State Park located within the Colorado Desert of Southern California, United States. Created in 1932, the park takes its name from 18th century Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza and borrego, a Spanish word for sheep. With 650,000 acres (260,000 ha) that includes one-fifth of San Diego County, it is the largest state park in California and the third largest state park nationally.

The park occupies eastern San Diego County and reaches into Imperial and Riverside counties, enveloping two communities: Borrego Springs, which is home to the park's headquarters, and Shelter Valley.
5-inch/54-caliber Mark 16 gun
The 5"/54 caliber Mark 16 gun (spoken "five-inch-fifty-four-caliber") was a late World War II–era naval gun mount used by the United States Navy, and later, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.  These guns, designed originally for the Montana-class battleships and then the abortive CL-154-class cruisers, were to be the replacement for the 5"/38 caliber secondary gun batteries then in widespread use with the US Navy.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.
2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Asia
The 2022 mpox outbreak in Asia is a part of the ongoing outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak was reported in Asia on 20 May 2022 when Israel reported a suspected case of mpox, which was confirmed on 21 May. As of 10 August 2022, seven West Asian, three Southeast Asian, three East Asian and one South Asian country, along with Russia, have reported confirmed cases.

As of 10 August 2022, a total of 162 cases were confirmed. Most of them were concentrated in the region of West Asia, with 141 of the total 156 cases (≈90.38%) being reported in the region. Israel alone has reported 114 cases (≈73.07%). Israel reported the first community transmission of the disease on 21 June 2022.

Ministry of Health (Israel)
The Ministry of Health (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַבְּרִיאוּת, translit. Misrad HaBri'ut) is a ministry in the Israeli government, responsible for formulating health policies. The ministry plans, supervises, licenses, and coordinates the country's health care services. In addition to overseeing health services provided by HCOs such as Kupat Holim, Maccabi et al and family health centers such as Tipat Halav, the ministry maintains general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, mental health clinics, treatment programs for substance abuse, and facilities for the chronically ill.
Puwa Township
Puwa Township (Chinese: 蒲洼乡; pinyin: Púwā Xiāng) is a township situated within Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It Nanbianqiao Village to the north, Xiayunling Township to the east, Shidu Town to the south, and Magezhuang Village to the west. As of 2020, it had a total population of 2,074.

Fangshan, Beijing
Fangshan District (Chinese: 房山区; pinyin: Fángshān Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is situated in the southwest of Beijing, 38 km (24 mi) away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of 2,019 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and a population of 1,312,778 (2020 Census).

The district administers 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.
Tremarctos floridanus
Tremarctos floridanus is an extinct species of short-faced bear from North America. Its fossils have been largely found throughout the Southeastern United States and Mexico from the Late Pleistocene, and from earlier epochs at some sites in western North America. T. floridanus became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.

Blancan
The Blancan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is a North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), usually considered to start in the early-mid Pliocene Epoch and end by the mid-Pleistocene. It is typically set from around 4.9 Ma (million years ago) to 1.8 Ma, an estimated duration of about 3.1 million years. The Blancan is preceded by the Hemphillian and followed by the Irvingtonian NALMA stages. The Blancan is named after the fossil site of Mount Blanco in Crosby County, Texas.
Nitrous oxide fuel blend
Nitrous oxide fuel blend propellants are a class of liquid rocket propellants that were intended in the early 2010s to be able to replace hydrazine as the standard storable rocket propellent in some applications.

In nitrous-oxide fuel blends, the fuel and oxidizer are blended and stored; this is sometimes referred to as a mixed monopropellant. Upon use, the propellant is heated or passed over a catalyst bed and the nitrous oxide decomposes into oxygen-rich gasses. Combustion then ensues. Special care is needed in the chemical formulation and engine design to prevent detonating the stored fuel.

Liquid rocket propellant
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and non-hypergolic propellants which require an ignition source.

About 170 different propellants made of liquid fuel have been tested, excluding minor changes to a specific propellant such as propellant additives, corrosion inhibitors, or stabilizers. In the U.S. alone at least 25 different propellant combinations have been flown.

Many factors go into choosing a propellant for a liquid-propellant rocket engine. The primary factors include ease of operation, cost, hazards/environment and performance.