hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Confidence-building defense
Confidence-building defense (German: Vertrauensbildende Verteidigung) is a military school of thought developed in the 1980s focused on conventional defense, with the founding purpose of defusing the East-West confrontation and was later applied to other regions of military tension and conflict.

Conventional warfare
Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined and fight by using weapons that target primarily the opponent's military. It is normally fought by using conventional weapons, not chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons.

The general purpose of conventional warfare is to weaken or destroy the opponent's military, which negates its ability to engage in conventional warfare. In forcing capitulation, however, one or both sides may eventually resort to unconventional warfare tactics.
2012 Lithuanian Athletics Championships
The 89th 2012 Lithuanian Athletics Championships were held in S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium, Kaunas on 7–8 July 2012. For the first time Lithuanian Championships was open and athletes from Latvia, Russia and Azerbaijan also participated.

10,000 m, race walking, decathlon/heptathlon and marathon championships was held in different tournaments.

Lithuanian Athletics Championships
Lithuanian Athletics Championships (Lithuanian: Lietuvos lengvosios atletikos čempionatas) is the national championship in athletics, organized by the Lithuanian Athletics Federation. The first competition was held in 1921. Women participated since the 1922 championship.
Digby Denham
Digby Frank Denham (25 January 1859 – 10 May 1944) was a politician and businessman in Queensland, Australia. He was a Premier of Queensland and Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was the first of only two Queensland Premiers to lose their own seat at a general election.

Queensland Labor Party
The Queensland Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (State of Queensland) and commonly referred to as Queensland Labor or simply Labor, is the branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the state of Queensland. It has functioned in the state since the 1880s. The Queensland branch of the Australian Labor Party was the first Labour Party to win government in the world, when, in December 1899, following the resignation of the Dickson ministry, Queensland Labour leader Anderson Dawson accepted an offer by Lieutenant-Governor Samuel Griffith to form a government.
Spirit (supernatural entity)
In folklore and ethnography, a spirit is an "immaterial being", "supernatural agent", the "soul of a  person", an "invisible entity", or the "soul of a seriously suffering person". Often spirits have an intermediate status between gods and humans, sharing some properties with gods (Incorporeality, greater powers) and some with humans (finite, not omniscience).

Thus, a spirit would have a form of existing and thinking; it would exist without being generally visible; often popular traditions endow it with miraculous powers and more or less occult influences on the physical world.

Undine
Undines (/ˈʌndiːnz, ənˈdiːnz/; also ondines) are a category of elemental beings associated with water, stemming from the alchemical writings of Paracelsus. Later writers developed the undine into a water nymph in its own right, and it continues to live in modern literature and art through such adaptations as Danish Hans Christian Andersen's 1837 "The Little Mermaid" and the 1811 novella Undine by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué.
Zumalai
Zumalai is a city and subdistrict (former Mape-Zumalai) in Timor-Leste. The subdistrict has been part of Cova Lima District since 2003. Before that, it was part of Ainaro District. The Zumalai subdistrict has six main villages: Fatuleto, Raimea, Zulo, Mape, Lour, and Taisilin.

Cova Lima Municipality
Cova Lima (Portuguese: Município Cova Lima, Tetum: Munisípiu Kovalima) is a municipality of Timor-Leste, in the Southwest part of the country. It has a population of 59,455 (Census 2010) and an area of 1,230 km2. The capital of the municipality is Suai, which lies 136 km from Dili, the national capital.
Akura church
The Akura church of Saint David (Georgian: აკურის მამადავითის ეკლესია, romanized: ak'uris mamadavitis ek'lesia) is a medieval Georgian Orthodox monastery in the eastern Georgian region of Kakheti. Dated stylistically to the 9th century, it is a three-nave basilica, dedicated to St. David of Gareja, one of the Thirteen Assyrian Fathers. It is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance
The Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance (Georgian: ეროვნული მნიშვნელობის კატეგორიის კულტურის უძრავი ძეგლები) are buildings, structures, sites, or places in Georgia that have been determined to have nationwide cultural significance by meeting special criteria developed by the Ministry of Culture and are subject to preservation by the state.

The monument must have an outstanding artistic or aesthetic value, be associated with a particularly important historical event, person, or overall national values.

The original list of the Immovable Monuments of Cultural Heritage was approved in the Presidential decree No. 665 of 7 November 2006. Since then, it has been updated several times. After the amendments of 2013, the monument can be defined as having national significance by the resolution of the Government of Georgia based on the submission of the Ministry of Culture.
Northern Tasmanian Football Association (1996)
The Northern Tasmanian Football Association is an Australian rules football competition in northern Tasmania. This league is not related to the older version of the NTFA, which merged in 1987 with the NWFU to form the Northern Tasmanian Football League.

This NTFA was formed in 1996 as a replacement of the Northern Section of the Tasmanian Amateur Football League. In 1996 the Tasmanian Amateurs voted to allow the payment of players. As players were allowed to be paid then they were no longer an amateur competition. The board decided to adopt the name "Northern Tasmanian Football Association" because it was available and the former NTFA hadn't used the name for ten years.

In 1998 seven clubs from the defunct Esk-Deloraine FA joined the competition.

North West Football League
The North West Football League (NWFL) is an Australian rules football competition in North West Tasmania. The league was previously known as the Northern Tasmanian Football League (NTFL) from its inception in 1987 until the end of the 2014 season.
Soap Plant / Wacko
Soap Plant / Wacko is a store in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is known for selling eclectic and novelty items, making it a popular attraction. Its inventory contains over 10,000 unique items. The La Luz de Jesus art gallery is located in the store.

Los Feliz, Los Angeles
Los Feliz (/loʊs ˈfiːlɪs/; Spanish for "The Féliz (family)", Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [los ˌfeˈlis]) is a hillside neighborhood in the greater Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, abutting Hollywood and encompassing part of the Santa Monica Mountains. The neighborhood is named after the Feliz family of Californios who had owned the area since 1795, when José Vicente Féliz was granted Rancho Los Feliz.
Drumaroad
Drumaroad is a townland and village in County Down, Northern Ireland. Positioned at the base of Slieve Croob, beneath the Mourne Mountains, it is approximately eight kilometres south of Ballynahinch, Northern Ireland. The area is situated within the electoral division of Seaforde, part of the civil parish of Loughinisland in the barony of Kinelarty.
A ridge runs along the eastern bank of the Moneycarragh River, traversed by a road connecting Dundrum to Dromara. Another road from Ballynahinch to Castlewellan passes closer to the village within the townland, potentially being the road referenced in the name of this townland.

Seaforde
Seaforde is a small village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is within the townland of Naghan, one mile (1.6 km) north of Clough on the main Ballynahinch to Newcastle road. It is part of the Newry, Mourne and Down area.
Maccabees
The Maccabees (/ˈmækəbiːz/), also spelled Machabees (Hebrew: מַכַּבִּים, Makkabbīm or מַקַבִּים, Maqabbīm; Latin: Machabaei or Maccabaei; Ancient Greek: Μακκαβαῖοι, Makkabaioi), were a group of Jewish  rebel warriors who re-took control of Judea, which at the time was occupied by the Seleucid Empire. Its leaders, the Hasmoneans, founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 167 BC (after the Maccabean Revolt) to 37 BC, being a fully independent kingdom from 104 to 63 BC. They reasserted the Jewish religion, freed Judea from the Syrian-Greek occupiers, and reduced the influence of Hellenism and Hellenistic Judaism.

Judas Maccabeus
Judas Maccabaeus or Maccabeus (/ˌmækəˈbiːəs/ MAK-ə-BEE-əs), also known as Judah Maccabee (Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, romanized: Yehudah HaMakabi), was a Jewish priest (kohen) and a son of the priest Mattathias. He was an early leader in the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, taking over from his father around 166 BCE, and leading the revolt until his death in 160 BCE.

The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah ("Dedication") commemorates the restoration of Jewish worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BC after Judah Maccabee removed all of the statues depicting Greek gods and goddesses and purified it.
Downforce
Downforce is a downwards lift force created by the aerodynamic features of a vehicle. If the vehicle is a car, the purpose of downforce is to allow the car to travel faster by increasing the vertical force on the tires, thus creating more grip. If the vehicle is a fixed-wing aircraft, the purpose of the downforce on the horizontal stabilizer is to maintain longitudinal stability and allow the pilot to control the aircraft in pitch.

Lift coefficient
In fluid dynamics, the lift coefficient (CL) is a dimensionless quantity that relates the lift generated by a lifting body to the fluid density around the body, the fluid velocity and an associated reference area. A lifting body is a foil or a complete foil-bearing body such as a fixed-wing aircraft. CL is a function of the angle of the body to the flow, its Reynolds number and its Mach number. The section lift coefficient cl refers to the dynamic lift characteristics of a two-dimensional foil section, with the reference area replaced by the foil chord.
Georgian sea blockade of Abkhazia
The Georgian sea blockade of Abkhazia has been in force since 2004, when it was ordered to be imposed by Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili. As a response to the 2008 South Ossetia war, Georgia moved to intensify Abkhazia and South Ossetia's isolation, declaring both entities as Russian-occupied territories outlawing economic activity in the regions without Tbilisi's permission. Several cargo ships in Georgian waters have been detained by the Georgian coast guard in 2009 on the grounds of violating of Georgia's law on occupied territories, which bans economic activities in breakaway Abkhazia and South Ossetia without Georgia's consent.

Russian-occupied territories
The Russian Federation is currently occupying territories in whole or in part within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine. Although the status of these territories may vary in Russian law, they are all widely regarded among the international community as being under military occupation. Russia disputes the consensus on sovereignty over these territories as a result of the post-Soviet conflicts, which broke out amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1991.

The phrase "Russian-occupied territories" is applied to:

Moldova: Transnistria (since 1992)

Georgia: Abkhazia and South Ossetia (since 2008)

Ukraine: Crimea and Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson (since 2014 and 2022)
Ernest Barrie
Ernest Barrie (born 1955) is a Scottish killer who killed a man after having previously had his conviction for robbery quashed with help from the Rough Justice programme, which investigated supposed miscarriages of justice. Convicted of robbing a branch of the Clydesdale Bank in Blantyre in 1986, his conviction was quashed on appeal in 1989 after expert analysis of the CCTV concluded that the robber was not Barrie. Subsequently, in July 2007, he attacked and killed his 38-year-old neighbour Alan Hughes in his flat in Gorbals, Glasgow, inflicting 47 injuries upon him in a 15-minute long attack. He pleaded guilty to culpable homicide in 2009.

Culpable homicide
Culpable homicide is a categorisation of certain offences in various jurisdictions within the Commonwealth of Nations which involves the homicide (illegal killing of a person) either with or without an intention to kill depending upon how a particular jurisdiction has defined the offence. Unusually for those legal systems which have originated or been influenced during rule by the United Kingdom, the name of the offence associates with Scots law rather than English law.
Frederic (band)
Frederic (フレデリック) is a Japanese rock band from Kobe formed in 2009. The band is signed to A-Sketch Music Label and has, as of 2015, released 4 EPs and multiple singles. In 2015, Frederic won the Kansai block local award at the 7th CD Shop Awards for their album oddloop. This album was released on September 24, 2014, and was also their debut at a major record label.

CD Shop Awards
The CD Shop Awards (CDショップ大賞, Shīdī Shoppu Taishō) is an annual set of music awards presented in Japan. It is sponsored by All-Japan CD Shop Employees Union and awarded based on votes by CD shop employees from all over Japan, with the goal of bringing awareness to underappreciated, high quality Japanese records. It is referred to as a "music edition of Japan Booksellers' Award".
Paymaster
A paymaster is someone appointed by a group of buyers, sellers, investors or lenders to receive, hold, and dispense funds, commissions, fees, salaries (remuneration) or other trade, loan, or sales proceeds within the private sector or public sector. Specific titles within the British government are Paymaster of the Forces, Paymaster General and Paymaster of Pensions.

Paymaster of Pensions
In 18th century Britain, the Paymaster of Pensions was the official in charge of payments of Crown pensions and bounties. The first paymaster was Edward Nicholas in 1703, and the post was abolished in 1782 by the Civil List and Secret Service Money Act 1782 (22 Geo. 3. c. 82).
2021 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2021 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929. The championship began on 9 October 2021 and ended on 14 November 2021.

The final was played on 14 November 2021 at UPMC Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Glenmore and St. Lachtain's, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Glenmore won the match by 3–19 to 2–09 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 40 years.

Paul Holden and Liam Hickey were the championship's top scorers.

1929 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1929 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship consisted of just one game between the two divisional championship winners.

The final was played on 23 February 1930 at Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Urlingford and Kilmacow, in what was their first meeting in a final. Urlingford won the match by 6–00 to 2–01 to claim their first championship title.
Windham-5 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Windham-5 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Windham-5 District includes all of the Windham County towns of Dummerston and Putney, and the portion of the town of Westminster not included in Windham-4.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Windham-5 District had a population of 7,425 in that same census, 8.54% below the state average.

Westminster (town), Vermont
Westminster is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 3,016 at the 2020 census. It was also the first capital of the Republic of Vermont. It borders the state of New Hampshire.
Group of Military Higher Schools
The Group of Military Higher Schools (French: Groupement des écoles supérieures militaires, GESM) is the coordinating body charged with advancing military education and officer training in the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). Established by Decree No. 106/2002 of 19 August 2002, it oversees the training, development, and doctrinal education of Congolese military officers. It is headquartered in Ngaliema, Kinshasa, and is responsible for approving and publishing military doctrines, assisting in the drafting of regulations and directives, and carrying out strategic and educational studies for the benefit of the FARDC's Supreme Commander, the president of the republic.

Military education and training
Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles. Military training may be voluntary or compulsory duty. It begins with recruit training, proceeds to education and training specific to military roles, and sometimes includes additional training during a military career. Directing staff are the military personnel who comprise the instructional staff at a military training institution.

In some countries, military education and training are parts of the compulsory education. The organizers believe that military education can bring some benefits and experiences that cannot be obtained from normal class like setback education. Moreover, participants are able to learn survival skills during the military education, like co-operations and resilience, which help participants improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles.
Nagoya Women's Marathon
The Nagoya Women's Marathon (名古屋ウィメンズマラソン), named Nagoya International Women's Marathon (名古屋国際女子マラソン, Nagoya Kokusai Joshi Marathon) until the 2010 race, is an annual marathon race for female runners over the classic distance of 42.195 km, held in Nagoya, Japan in early March every year. It holds World Athletics Platinum road race status.  It is held on the same day as the Nagoya City Marathon, an event consisting of a half marathon (21.0975 km) and a quarter marathon (10.5 km), with both races open to both males and females.

Japan Championships in Athletics
The Japan Championships in Athletics (日本陸上競技選手権大会, Nihon Rikujō Kyōgi Sensyuken Taikai) is an annual outdoor track and field competition, organized by Japan Association of Athletics Federations. Currently it takes place in June or July. The competition is also for the qualifying trial for the Japanese national team of international competitions.
2009 Liberty Bowl
The 2009 Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game played at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, on January 2, 2009. The 50th edition of the Liberty Bowl, it was the first edition ever played in January. With sponsorship from AutoZone, the game was officially the AutoZone Liberty Bowl. The game featured the East Carolina Pirates of Conference USA (C-USA) and the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Kentucky overcame a 13-point halftime deficit to win, 25–19.

Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium
Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium, originally named Memphis Memorial Stadium, and later Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium, is a football stadium located at the former Mid-South Fairgrounds in the Midtown area of Memphis, Tennessee, United States. The stadium is the site of the annual Liberty Bowl, the annual Southern Heritage Classic, and is the home field of the University of Memphis Tigers football team of the American Athletic Conference. It has also been the host of several attempts at professional sports in the city, as well as other local football games and other gatherings.
Hither Green Cemetery
Hither Green Cemetery, opened as Lee Cemetery in 1873, is a large cemetery located on the east side of Verdant Lane in southeast London, England. The cemetery is situated between Catford, Hither Green, Downham, Grove Park and Lee, west of the railway line connecting Grove Park and Hither Green stations, and close to Grove Park Sidings and Grove Park Nature Reserve. Next to the cemetery is Lewisham Crematorium, which opened in 1956.

Downham, London
Downham is a district of South East London, England, within the London Borough of Lewisham. Downham is located south of Lewisham and borders north London Borough of Bromley.

Downham was named in honour of Lord Downham, who was chairman of the London County Council between 1919 and 1920.

The Prime Meridian passes just to the west of Downham.

British Film-maker Luna Carmoon was raised in the area and made her first two shorts and her debut feature Hoard in the area. She refers to them as her Downham Trilogy'.
Analytic–synthetic distinction
The analytic–synthetic distinction is a semantic distinction used primarily in philosophy to distinguish between propositions (in particular, statements that are affirmative subject–predicate judgments) that are of two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions. Analytic propositions are true or not true solely by virtue of their meaning, whereas synthetic propositions' truth, if any, derives from how their meaning relates to the world.

While the distinction was first proposed by Immanuel Kant, it was revised considerably over time, and different philosophers have used the terms in very different ways. Furthermore, some philosophers (starting with Willard Van Orman Quine) have questioned whether there is even a clear distinction to be made between propositions which are analytically true and propositions which are synthetically true. Debates regarding the nature and usefulness of the distinction continue to this day in contemporary philosophy of language.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Kurdish Institute of Brussels
The Kurdish Institute of Brussels (Kurdish: Enstîtuya Kurdî Ya Brukselê)  is a non-profit organization, based in Brussels, Belgium, which aims for the integration of the Kurds and other minorities into the Belgian society, as well as to promote the Kurdish culture both in and out of Kurdistan.

Kurdish culture
Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society.

Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group who live in the northern Middle East, in a region that the Kurds call Greater Kurdistan. Greater Kurdistan lies along the Zagros Mountains and the Taurus Mountains, and today comprises northeastern Iraq, northwestern Iran, northeastern Syria, and southeastern Turkey.