hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maxim Lieber
Maxim Lieber (October 15, 1897 – April 10, 1993) was an American literary agent in New York City during the 1930s and 1940s. The Soviet spy Whittaker Chambers named him as an accomplice in 1949, and Lieber fled first to Mexico and then Poland not long after Alger Hiss's conviction in 1950.

House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives created in 1938. Their goal was to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1946. Then, from 1969 and onward, it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.

The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House.
Don't Wake Me Up (album)
Don't Wake Me Up is the debut studio album by American musical project the Microphones. It was released by K Records on August 24, 1999, and reissued on vinyl via P.W. Elverum & Sun on April 16, 2013. The album was recorded between April 25, 1998, and March 1, 1999, in studios in Olympia and Anacortes, Washington.

Don't Wake Me Up is a lo-fi rock and indie rock album that uses metaphorical and sometimes cryptic lyricism. The album also includes field recordings, as well as elements of pop and noise rock. It received positive reviews from AllMusic, Pitchfork, and Sputnikmusic. Don't Wake Me Up gave Phil Elverum a small following, and "set a new precedent" for K Records, due to Elverum's production being perceived as high-quality despite recording limitations.

High fidelity
High fidelity (hi-fi or, rarely, HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.

High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality lo-fi sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s.
1st Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Regiment Arkansas Volunteer Infantry (1863–1865) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Although Arkansas joined the Confederate States of America in 1861, not all of its citizens supported secession. Arkansas formed some 48 infantry regiments to serve in the Confederate Army, but also formed another 11 regiments that served in the Union Army.

Samuel Ryan Curtis
Samuel Ryan Curtis (February 3, 1805 – December 26, 1866) was an American military officer and one of the first Republicans elected to Congress. He was most famous for his role as a Union Army general in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War, especially for his victories at the Battles of Pea Ridge in 1862 and Westport in 1864.
Raytheon Australia
Raytheon Australia is the Australian arm of Raytheon Technologies. It was established in 1999 and has grown to become the largest US owned defence contractor operating in Australia. In 2012 Raytheon Australia recorded a turnover of $735.5 million. In 2015, Raytheon Australian was ranked fourth in Australian Defence Magazine's "Top 40 Defence Contractors" behind Thales Australia, ASC and BAE Systems Australia. As of 2016, the company's Managing Director is Michael Ward until 30 May 2024.

ASC Pty Ltd
ASC Pty Ltd, formerly the Australian Submarine Corporation and now known as Australia's Submarine Company, is an Australian government business enterprise involved with Australian naval shipbuilding, headquartered in Osborne, South Australia. It is notable for building and maintaining the Collins-class submarine fleet for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and for building three Hobart-class destroyers for the RAN, with the first delivered in mid-2017.
Chanyu
Chanyu (simplified Chinese: 单于; traditional Chinese: 單于; pinyin: Chányú) or Shanyu (Chinese: 善于), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (Chinese: 撐犁孤塗單于; pinyin: Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries  until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 AD.  The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).  It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.

Book of Han
The Book of Han (Chinese: 漢書), finished in 111 CE, is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. The work was composed by Ban Gu (32–92 CE), an Eastern Han court official, with the help of his sister Ban Zhao, continuing the work of their father, Ban Biao. They modelled their work on the Records of the Grand Historian (c. 91 BCE), a cross-dynastic general history, but theirs was the first in this annals-biography form to cover a single dynasty. It is the best source, sometimes the only one, for many topics such as literature in this period. The Book of Han is also called the Book of the Former Han (前漢書; Qián Hàn shū) to distinguish it from the Book of the Later Han (後漢書; Hòu Hàn shū) which covers the Eastern Han period (25–220 CE), and was composed in the fifth century by Fan Ye (398–445 CE).
Quercus aucheri
Quercus aucheri, known as Aucher's oak or the Boz-Pirnal oak is a species of oak tree in the family Fagaceae. It is found in limited portions of the Aegean islands of Greece and parts of Anatolian Turkey. It is placed in section Ilex.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Rosmarinic acid
Rosmarinic acid, named after rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), is a polyphenol constituent of many  culinary herbs, including rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.), perilla (Perilla frutescens L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), mint (Mentha arvense L.), and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).

Hornwort
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular Embryophytes (land plants) constituting the division Anthocerotophyta (/ˌænθoʊˌsɛrəˈtɒfətə, -təˈfaɪtə/). The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. As in mosses and liverworts, hornworts have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information; the flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte stage of the plant.

Hornworts may be found worldwide, though they tend to grow only in places that are damp or humid. Some species grow in large numbers as tiny weeds in the soil of gardens and cultivated fields. Large tropical and sub-tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on the bark of trees.

The total number of species is still uncertain. While there are more than 300 published species names, the actual number could be as low as 100–150 species.
Witold Pilecki Memorial
The Witold Pilecki Memorial (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvi.tɔlt piˈlɛt͡s.ki]; Polish: Pomnik Witolda Pileckiego) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, located at the intersection of Polish Armed Forces Avenue and Bitwy pod Rokitną Street, within the Żoliborz district. It is dedicated to Witold Pilecki, a Polish cavalry officer, intelligence agent, and resistance leader during the Second World War. The monument has the form of a large granite cube, with a bronze relief of Pilecki installed within it. It was designed by Jacek Kiciński and Rafał Stachowicz and unveiled on 13 May 2017.

Żoliborz
Żoliborz (Polish pronunciation: [ʐɔˈlibɔʂ])  is one of the northern districts of the city of Warsaw. It is located directly to the north of the City Centre, on the left bank of the Vistula river. It has approximately 50,000 inhabitants and is one of the smallest boroughs of Warsaw. Despite its small size, the district has many green areas and mostly consists of low-rise architecture. Historically an upscale neighborhood and home to Warsaw's intelligentsia prior to World War II, Żoliborz is the second most expensive residential district in Warsaw after Śródmieście.
Macrobert Arts Centre
Macrobert Arts Centre is a multi-arts venue located on the main campus of the University of Stirling, Scotland. The Arts Centre offers a varied programme of events and experiences – cinema, comedy, dance, exhibitions, family, get involved, music, opera and theatre – catering for audiences from across Stirling, the Forth Valley and beyond. It was originally opened in 1971 as Scotland's first purpose-built arts centre, the brainchild of the university's first principal, Tom Cottrell FRSE, who wanted appreciation of the arts to be at the heart of the university's cultural ethos.

In October 2002 the Arts Centre re-opened following a period of refurbishment by Appleton Architects and Buro Happold.

Macrobert Arts Centre is a registered charity under Scottish law. It receives key funding from Creative Scotland and the University of Stirling, while raising 70% of its required funds through ticket sales and donations, grants and sponsorship.

Creative Scotland
Creative Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba Chruthachail [ˈal̪ˠapə ˈxɾuhəxal]; Scots: Creative Scotlan) is the development body for the arts and creative industries in Scotland. Based in Edinburgh, it is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government.
Aerinite
Aerinite (Ca4(Al,Fe,Mg)10Si12O35(OH)12CO3·12H2O) is a bluish-purple inosilicate mineral. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as fibrous or compact masses and coatings. It has a dark, vitreous luster, a specific gravity of 2.48 and a Mohs hardness of 3.

It is a low-temperature hydrothermal phase occurring in zeolite facies alteration of  dolerites. Associated minerals include prehnite, scolecite and mesolite.

Its name comes from a Greek root "aerinos," meaning "atmosphere" or "sky blue". It was first described by Lasaulx (1876) from a specimen in the Wrocław museum that was obtained in Aragon, Spain. In 1882, the geologist Luis Mariano Vidal found the mineral in situ in Caserras del Castillo, a locality that currently belongs to the municipality of Estopiñán del Castillo, in Huesca (Spain).

Scolecite
Scolecite is a tectosilicate mineral belonging to the zeolite group; it is a hydrated calcium silicate, CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O. Only minor amounts of sodium and traces of potassium substitute for calcium.  There is an absence of barium, strontium, iron and magnesium.  Scolecite is isostructural (having the same structure) with the sodium-calcium zeolite mesolite and the sodium zeolite natrolite, but it does not form a continuous chemical series with either of them.  It was described in 1813, and named from the Greek word, σκώληξ (sko-lecks) = "worm" because of its reaction to the blowpipe flame.
When pigs fly
The phrase "when pigs fly" (alternatively, "pigs might fly") is an adynaton—a figure of speech so hyperbolic that it describes an impossibility. The implication of such a phrase is that the circumstances in question (the adynaton, and the circumstances to which the adynaton is being applied) will never occur. The phrase has been used in various forms since the 1600s as a sarcastic remark.

Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a category of literary or linguistic terms, with two related meanings. The first meaning is the broader and more technical one: a synonym for literary device, particularly when divided into two sub-types: schemes, variations deviating from the usual sequence of words, and tropes or figures, deviations of the words themselves from ordinary usage. This meaning dates back to the Renaissance humanists, themselves inspired by the classical rhetoricians.

The second meaning of figure of speech is narrower and its most common one colloquially—essentially, a synonym for trope as defined above: any word or phrase that deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a persuasive or other intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.

This article focuses on the first, broader meaning.
Wat Bowon Sathan Sutthawat
Wat Bowon Sathan Sutthawat (Thai: วัดบวรสถานสุทธาวาส) is a Buddhist temple in Bangkok, Thailand. 
It is a historic temple located within the grounds of the Front Palace (Wang Na), similar in function to Wat Phra Kaew inside the Grand Palace. Because the temple is situated within a royal palace, it has no resident monks.

Wat Bowon Sathan Sutthawat is situated at 4 Rachini Road, Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang Subdistrict, Phra Nakhon District, within the Bunditpatanasilpa Institute complex, opposite the entrance of Soi Rambuttri near Tha Chang Wang Na Pier and the Bangkok Tourism Division, adjacent to the National Theatre. The temple is also known as Wat Phra Kaew Wang Na (Thai: วัดพระแก้ววังหน้า, literally "Temple of the Emerald Buddha at the Front Palace").

National Theatre (Thailand)
The National Theatre is a performing arts venue in Bangkok's Phra Nakhon District. It opened in 1965, and operates as a government agency under the Office of Performing Arts of the Fine Arts Department. Today, it is best known for traditional performances, especially of the khon masked dance.

The theatre was built from 1960 to 1965, beginning under the supervision of Luang Wichit Wathakan, the prolific author and playwright who contributed much to the development of Thai nationalist discourse during the mid-20th century. The building was designed in applied Thai style, with a modernist plan superimposed with a traditional-Thai-influenced gabled roof. It sits on the corner of Rachini and Na Phra That roads, near the northern end of Sanam Luang, on the former location of the Ministry of Transport, and occupies grounds originally part of the Front Palace, next to the Bangkok National Museum and the Bunditpatanasilpa Institute.
Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Seventh Amendment of the Constitution (Election of Members of Seanad Éireann by Institutions of Higher Education) Act 1979 is an amendment to the Constitution of Ireland that provides that the procedure for the election of six members of the Senate in the university constituencies could be altered by law. It was approved by referendum on 5 July 1979 and signed into law on 3 August of the same year.

The first statutory change under the terms of the amendment was the Seanad Electoral (University Members) (Amendment) Act 2024, which replaced the three-seat National University of Ireland and Dublin University constituencies with a six-seat Higher Education constituency.

Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage
The Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage (Irish: An tAire Tithíochta, Rialtais Áitiúil agus Oidhreachta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

The Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage since January 2025 is James Browne, TD.

He is assisted by three Ministers of State:

John Cummins, TD – Minister of State for local government and planning

Christopher O'Sullivan, TD – Minister of State for nature, heritage and biodiversity

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for housing
Euastrum oblongum
Euastrum oblongum is a species of desmid, in the family Desmidiaceae.

Euastrum oblongum consists of cells that are elliptic in outline, divide into two halves called semicells. The cells are typically 140–180 μm long and 65–85 μm wide. Semicells have a pair of basal lobes and a pair of lateral lobes, both with a shallow "pit" as to appear double-lobed. The apex is truncate with a deep notch. Semicells have a protuberance right above the isthmus (where the semicells are joined), as well as two more protuberances in the center of the cell and one in each lobe.

Euastrum oblongum occurs in mesotrophic waters. It has a widespread distribution, and has been recorded from around the world.

Desmidiaceae
The Desmidiaceae are one of four families of charophyte green algae in the order Desmidiales (desmids). Desmids in the family Desmidiaceae consist of single-celled (sometimes filamentous or colonial), microscopic green algae. Because they are highly symmetrical, attractive, and come in a diversity of forms, they are popular subjects for microscopists, both amateur and professional.

Within the desmids (Desmidiales), Desmidiaceae contains tens of genera and thousands of species, making it by far the largest family. Desmidiaceae includes some of the largest and most complex desmid genera, such as Micrasterias, Cosmarium, Staurastrum, and Euastrum.
David Bonafed
David ben Reuben Bonafed known as Rabbeinu David was one of the leading Spanish Jewish scholars in the 13th century.

He was a disciple of Nachmanides. His written teachings influenced the writings of the Ran, who frequently cites him, sometimes even copying entire paragraphs of his insights. His style is distinguished by an extensive elaboration of Talmudic topics, in contrast to the concise writing typical of other early authorities.

Nachmanides
Moses ben Nachman (Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן Mōše ben-Nāḥmān, "Moses son of Nachman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (/nækˈmænɪdiːz/; Greek: Ναχμανίδης Nakhmanídēs), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban (/ˌrɑːmˈbɑːn/; רמב״ן‎) and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (Catalan: [ˌbɔnəsˈtɾuk sə ˈpɔrtə]; literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate", see astruc), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Catalan rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life in Girona, Catalonia. He is also considered to be an important figure in the re-establishment of the Jewish community in Jerusalem following its destruction by the Crusaders in 1099.
Berra Tor
Berra Tor (grid reference SX553679) is a granite tor on the south western edge of Dartmoor. It is only 132 metres above sea level so is one of the lowest tors on Dartmoor. It is quite isolated and hidden from everywhere else and is generally quite unknown. It juts out of some trees and resembles more of a rock than an outcrop on a hill, like Great Mis Tor and Yes Tor that also provide views. Its nearest settlement of size is Buckland Monachorum.

Yes Tor
Yes Tor /ˈjɛs/ is the second highest point on Dartmoor, Devon, South West England, at 619 metres (2,031 ft) above sea level. It is one of only two wholly English peaks south of the Peak District National Park—the other being nearby High Willhays—that are above 2,000 feet (610 m). The name means "eagle's tor", from Old English earnes torr.

It lies within a British Army firing range and safe access is only possible on days or nights when firing is not taking place, as per the current Dartmoor Firing Notice.

Yes Tor is 2 metres (7 feet) lower than the nearby High Willhays.
Richard Moon
Sir Richard Moon, 1st Baronet (1814–1899) was the leading executive of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) during its heyday as the largest public company in the world. He was chairman from June 1861 until he retired on 22 February 1891.

London and Birmingham Railway
The London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, in operation from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR).

The 112-mile (180 km) railway line which the company opened in 1838, between London and Birmingham, was the first intercity line to be built into London. It is now the southern section of the West Coast Main Line.

The line was engineered by Robert Stephenson. It started at Euston Station in London, went north-west to Rugby, where it turned west to Coventry and on to Birmingham. It terminated at Curzon Street Station, which it shared with the Grand Junction Railway (GJR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity (with through carriages) between Liverpool, Manchester and London.
2025 4 Hours of Le Castellet
The 2025 4 Hours of Le Castellet was an endurance sportscar racing event, held between 2 and 4 May 2025 at Circuit Paul Ricard in Le Castellet, France. It was the second of six rounds of the 2025 European Le Mans Series season, and the fourteenth consecutive running of the event as part of the championship.

Proton Competition
Proton Competition (also formerly racing as Dempsey-Proton Racing or Team Felbermayr-Proton) is a German auto racing team based in Ummendorf, Baden-Württemberg. It was founded by Gerold Ried, and is currently owned by his son Christian Ried. The team currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship with a customer Porsche 963 and a factory-supported Ford Mustang GT3. It also competes in the European Le Mans Series with the Oreca 07 and the Porsche 911. They also have a racing program in the IMSA SportsCar Championship, racing with a customer Porsche 963 and a factory-supported Ford Mustang GT3 and prepare Porsche 911s for the Iron Dames program.
Sables-d'Or-les-Pins
Sables-d'Or-les-Pins (French pronunciation: [sabl dɔʁ le pɛ̃], lit. 'Golden Sands the Pines'; Breton: Traezhennoù Aour ar Pinoù) is a French Seaside resort, located mainly in Fréhel commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France.

It was created  in 1921 and is known for its long beach located along a spit and its dunes.

Roland Brouard, the initiator of the project, intended to create a competitor to resorts like Deauville and La Baule.

In 1929, as a consequence of the Great Depression, the development of the resort stopped.

After World War II, Sables d'Or became a quiet family beach.

Deauville
Deauville (French pronunciation: [dovil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France. Major attractions include its harbour, race course, marinas, conference centre, villas, Grand Casino, and hotels. The first Deauville Asian Film Festival took place in 1999. As the closest seaside resort to Paris, Deauville is one of the most notable seaside resorts in France. The city and its region of the Côte Fleurie (Flowery Coast) have long been home to the French upper class's seaside houses and is often referred to as the Parisian riviera.

Since the 19th century, the town of Deauville has been a fashionable holiday resort for the international upper class. In France, it is perhaps most well-known for its role in Proust's In Search of Lost Time.