hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Antalya Challenger
The 2021 Antalya Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Antalya, Turkey between 25 and 31 January 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
2017 German Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2017 German Open Grand Prix Gold was the fourth Grand Prix's badminton tournament of the 2017 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held at the Innogy Sporthalle in Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany on 28 February–5 March 2017 and had a total purse of $120,000.

German Open (badminton)
The German Open is an annual badminton tournament held in Germany since 1955 (as West Germany) and organized by German Badminton Association or Deutscher Badminton Verband (DBV). The tournaments were not held in the year 1970, 1979 and 1998.

Known as German Badminton Championships until 1980, the tournament was later allowed to be known as Open Championships from 1981 on. The tournament is currently sponsored by Yonex. While it does attract professional players, the event is not part of the highest levels of Badminton World Federation tournaments – being classified as a BWF Grand Prix Gold event until 2017, and a Super 300 tournament (6th level) from 2018 on.
GoNorth expedition
GoNorth (full name GoNorth: Geosciences in the Northern Arctic) is a Norwegian multidisciplinary Arctic research programme that included a series of expeditions into the Central Arctic in 2022, 2023, and 2024. The project aims to explore the Arctic Ocean — its seabed geology/subsea geology, the water column, sea ice, and biological components. GoNorth is organized into multiple work packages (WPs), covering areas like seabed geology, ice and sea ice cover, oceanography, biology, technology, and climate history.

GoNorth is notable for its multidisciplinary approach and for carrying out annual expeditions north of Svalbard, Greenland, and across the Gakkel Ridge. In 2023, the expedition team discovered a new hydrothermal field in the Lena Trough between Svalbard and Greenland.

CTD (instrument)
CTD stands for conductivity, temperature, and depth. A CTD instrument is an oceanography sonde (French for probe) used to measure the electrical conductivity, temperature, and pressure of seawater. The pressure is closely related to depth. Conductivity is used to determine salinity.

The CTD may be incorporated into an array of Niskin bottles referred to as a carousel or rosette. The sampling bottles close at predefined depths, triggered either manually or by a computer, and the water samples may subsequently be analyzed further for biological and chemical parameters.

The CTD may also be used for the calibration of sensors.
Rangpur Division
Rangpur Division (/rʌŋˈpʊər/; Bengali: রংপুর বিভাগ, romanized: Rongpur Bivag;
pronounced [rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag] ⓘ) is a first-level administrative division of Bangladesh. It covers the northernmost part of the country with a population of about 18 million inhabitants within an area of 16,184.99 km2 (6,249.06 sq mi). Rangpur Division shares borders with the Rajshahi and Mymensingh divisions. It is also bordered by the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya and separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor, and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim. Rangpur City is the administrative headquarter and the largest city. Rangpur Division includes the Teesta and Jamuna rivers.

The Rangpur division consists of eight districts. There are 58 upazilas or subdistricts under these eight districts. The major cities of Rangpur Division are Rangpur, Dinajpur, and Saidpur.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Luca Fusi
Luca Fusi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈluːka ˈfuːzi; ˈfuːsi]; born 7 June 1963) is an Italian former professional footballer turned manager, who played as a midfielder or defender. He is the current head coach of Lega Pro Seconda Divisione team Castel Rigone.

During his club career he played for Como, Sampdoria, Napoli, Torino and Juventus. He earned 8 caps for the Italy national football team and took part in the 1988 UEFA European Football Championship. He was known as an intelligent, hardworking, tactically versatile, and correct player throughout his career, with good technique and determination, and could also play as a sweeper, a role in which he was frequently deployed in his later career, following his athletic decline, due to his playmaking ability.

1991–92 UEFA Cup
The 1991–92 UEFA Cup was the 21st season of Europe's then-tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA. The final was played over two legs at Stadio Delle Alpi, Turin, Italy, and at Olympisch Stadion, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The competition was won by Dutch club Ajax, who defeated Torino of Italy on away goals after an aggregate result of 2–2 to claim their first UEFA Cup title.

The victory made Ajax only the second team—after Torino's city rivals Juventus—to have won all three major European trophies at the time (European Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, and the Cup Winners' Cup). As the only English team in the tournament due to lost coeffecient following the five-year ban for the Heysel disaster during the 1985 European Cup final, and being given an additional year of exclusion, Liverpool made their comeback in continental competition for the first time since then.
Queensland, Maryland
Queensland is a census-designated place south of Upper Marlboro in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population of the CDP was 2,191 at the 2020 census. It was formerly known as Queenland until 2014 when its name was changed to Queensland and a small portion of its geography was transferred to Upper Marlboro.

Upper Marlboro, Maryland
Upper Marlboro, officially the Town of Upper Marlboro, is a town in and the county seat of Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population within the town limits was 652, although Greater Upper Marlboro, which covers a large area outside the town limits, is many times larger.
Tan-luan
Tanluan (Chinese: 曇鸞; Japanese pronunciation: Donran, 476–554) was a Chinese Buddhist monk who wrote on Pure Land Buddhism.

Tanluan was the first East Asian Buddhist to stress the importance of the Buddha's Other Power as a liberating force. He held that through the practice of nianfo (buddha recollection), the Buddha's power would take them to the pure land after death. This doctrine would become very important in later Pure Land Buddhism.

Tanluan's main work is his Jingtu lun zhu (浄土論註; T. 1819), a Commentary to Vasubandhu's Discourse on the Pure Land.

Tanluan is considered to be the Third Patriarch of Pure land Buddhism by the Japanese Pure Land sects like Jōdo-shu and Jōdo Shinshū. He was a significant influence on later Pure Land masters like Shandao and Shinran.

Bhūmi (Buddhism)
In Mahayana Buddhism, bhūmi (Sanskrit; foundation, ground, level, stage, Chinese: 地) or bodhisattva-bhūmi refers to the progressive levels of spiritual development that a bodhisattva attains on the path to Buddhahood in Mahayana Buddhism. This idea is variously translated into English as "bodhisattva levels", "bodhisattva grounds", or "bodhisattva stages".

There are various schemas of bodhisattva bhūmis presented across the vast literature of Mahayana Buddhism. These bhūmi theories represent organized schemas for the bodhisattva path, each stage associated with specific virtues (like faith, merit, etc) and practices (like the pāramitās). Although the concept of bhūmi (as a stage of development) originates in earlier Buddhist traditions (for example, in the Śrāvakabhūmi it refers to the stages of Śrāvakas), Mahayana sutras like the Daśabhūmika Sūtra discuss it in the context of ten bodhisattva stages.

The ten bodhisattva stages are also called vihara ('dwelling') in some sources.
Thomson Avenue station
Thomson Avenue station is a stop on the D in Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It is officially located near Thomson Avenue and Sidman Drive. The platform and shed are located on the south side of Thomson Avenue.

Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media, Pennsylvania. The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining. This shed is a traditional "Red Arrow" shed located in an area that's both wooded and residential. Because of this, no parking is available at this station. Trailheads for Thomson Park are located near the station. Thomson Avenue climbs a hill on the west side of this stop as it prepares to terminate at Springfield Hospital on Sproul Road (PA 320), which has a stop of its own at Springfield Mall.

69th Street Transit Center
69th Street Transit Center formerly known as (69th Street Transportation Center) is a SEPTA terminal in the Terminal Square area of Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the SEPTA Metro L, M, D, and multiple SEPTA bus routes. It is located at the end of 69th Street, a major retail corridor in Upper Darby Township across Market Street (Route 3) from the Tower Theater.

69th Street is the second-busiest SEPTA transfer point, after its 15th Street/City Hall station, serving 35,000 passengers daily during the week.
Kaloyan Nunatak
Kaloyan Nunatak (pronounced ka-lo-'ya-nov 'nu-na-tak\) is a conspicuous nunatak in the Tangra Mountains. It is named after Czar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, 1197-1207 AD.

Kaloyan Nunatak rises to approximately 400 m in Delchev Ridge, Tangra Mountains, on eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is situated next  northeast of Sozopol Gap, 1.81 km east-northeast of Elena Peak, 1.53 km west-southwest of Mesta Peak and 3.32 km west-southwest of Renier Point.  The peak surmounts Pautalia Glacier to the south, and Sopot Ice Piedmont to the west, north, and northeast.

It was mapped in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey, and has since been registered in the SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.

Kaloyan Nunatak is located at 62°37′23.8″S 59°51′48″W﻿ / ﻿62.623278°S 59.86333°W﻿ / -62.623278; -59.86333.

Delchev Ridge
Delchev Ridge (Delchev Hrebet \'del-chev 'hre-bet\) is the eastern ridge of the Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island extending 10 km east-northeastward from Devin Saddle to Renier Point.  The ridge is named in association with its summit Delchev Peak (ca. 940 m).

The north slopes of the ridge between Elena Peak and Renier Point together with the adjacent portion of Sopot Ice Piedmont are a popular site for backcountry skiing and climbing, with skiers landed by Zodiac rigid inflatable boats from cruise ships visiting the Half Moon Island area.
Washington's congressional districts
The following is a list of the ten congressional districts in the U.S. state of Washington. From the time that Washington Territory was formed in 1853, through statehood in 1889, Washington Territory elected an at-large non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives. At different times in its history, the state of Washington has also elected one or more representatives At-large statewide. Washington gained its 10th district following reapportionment after the 2010 census.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Liucun Township, Henan
Liucun Township (Chinese: 六村乡; pinyin: Liùcūn Xiāng) is a township of Neihuang County in northern Henan province, China. As of 2020, it has 22 villages under its administration:

Yangsang Village (杨桑村)

Guosang Village (郭桑村)

Zhangsang Village (张桑村)

Xue Village (薛村)

Pochekou Village (破车口)

Wenxinggu Village (温邢固)

Maxinggu Village (马邢固)

Liuxinggu Village (刘邢固)

Shangzhuang Village (尚庄村)

Qiankou Village (千口)

Maji Village (马集)

Zhaozhuang Village (赵庄村)

Qianhua Village (前化村)

Zhonghua Village (中化村)

Houhua Village (后化村)

Taiping Village (太平村)

Beiliu Village (北六村)

Yuanliu Village (袁六村)

Dailiu Village (代六村)

Chenliu Village (陈六村)

Muliu Village (穆六村)

Jiao Village (焦村)

Neihuang County
Neihuang County (simplified Chinese: 内黄县; traditional Chinese: 內黃縣; pinyin: Nèihuáng Xiàn) is a county in the north of Henan province, China, bordering Hebei province to the north. It is under the administration of Anyang city.
Iroquois settlement of the north shore of Lake Ontario
Between 1665 and 1670, seven Iroquois settlements on the north shore of Lake Ontario in present-day Province of Ontario, collectively known as the "Iroquois du Nord" villages, were established by Senecas, Cayugas, and Oneidas. The villages consisted of Ganneious, Kente, Kentsio, Ganaraske, Ganatsekwyagon, Teiaiagon, and Quinaouatoua. The villages were all abandoned by 1701.

Ganneious
Ganneious, also spelled Ganneous, is a former village, first settled by the Oneida, located on the North Shore of Lake Ontario near the present site of Napanee, Ontario, Canada. Starting in 1696, it was occupied by the Mississauga.:10 The name is most likely a likely misprint for the French "Gannejout(s)", meaning Oneida.
NGC 6285
NGC 6285 is an interacting spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is classified as S0-a in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift in 1886. NGC 6285 is located at about 262 million light years away from Earth. NGC 6285 and NGC 6286 form a pair of interacting galaxies, with tidal distortions, categorized as Arp 293 in the Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966. A total of 338 galaxies are presented in the atlas, which was originally published in 1966 by the California Institute of Technology. The primary goal of the catalog was to present photographs of examples of the different kinds of peculiar structures found among galaxies.
Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria
Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria, full German name: Franz Joseph Michael Karl Maria Evaristus Quirinus Ottokar Herzog in Bayern (23 March 1888, Schloss Tegernsee, Kingdom of Bavaria – 23 September 1912, Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach. Franz Joseph was the fifth and youngest child of Duke Karl Theodor in Bavaria and his wife Infanta Maria José of Portugal. Franz Joseph was the brother of Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in Bavaria and sisters Duchess Amalie in Bavaria, Duchess Sophie Adelheid in Bavaria, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria and Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria.

Duke in Bavaria
Duke in Bavaria (German: Herzog in Bayern) was a title used among others since 1506, when primogeniture was established, by all members of the House of Wittelsbach, with the exception of the Duke of Bavaria which began to be a unique position. So reads for instance the full title of the late 16th century's Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and patriarch of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld: "Count Palatine by the Rhine, Duke in Bavaria, Count of Veldenz and Sponheim". The title grew in importance as Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen began to use it, in the early 19th century, as his primary title – Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria. This choice has also had effect for his descendants.
Michigan Journal of International Law
The Michigan Journal of International Law is a triannual academic journal in international law published by the University of Michigan Press and the University of Michigan Law School. Established in 1979, it publishes articles in all fields of international law. In a 2023 ranking of law journals based on a combination of the impact factor and citations, the Michigan Journal of International Law was ranked among the top international and comparative law journals. In a 2024 study, the Journal was ranked third out of all student-run international law journals in the United States.

University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan Press is a university press that is a part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library. It publishes 170 new titles each year in the humanities and social sciences. Titles from the press have earned numerous awards, including Lambda Literary Awards, the PEN/Faulkner Award, the Joe A. Callaway Award, and the Nautilus Book Award. The press has published works by authors who have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the National Humanities Medal and the Nobel Prize in Economics.
New Frontiers School Board
The New Frontiers School Board (NFSB, French: Commission scolaire New-Frontiers, CSNF) is an English-language school board in the province of Quebec. The school board was formerly known as the Chateauguay Valley English Protestant School Board until the Province of Quebec opted for linguistic, rather than Roman Catholic and Protestant, school boards.

It was renamed to reflect the regions that were initially placed under the oversight of the NFSB; however, the board's boundaries have returned to their original scope.

The territory borders the United States to the south, Ontario to the west, the St. Lawrence River to the north, and Kahnawake to the east.

Ormstown
Ormstown is a municipality in Quebec, Canada, which is situated on the Châteauguay River in the heart of the Châteauguay Valley. It is approximately one hour southwest of Montreal and 20 minutes north of New York State in the United States. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 3,917.

Ormstown has two elementary schools, one high school (Chateauguay Valley Regional), and two adult education facilities, several restaurants and churches. Ormstown is also well known for its numerous antique dealers and unique gift shops. There is a park north of the centre of town which is home to Ormstown Beach, an urban legend created and memorialized in the 1970s with "I've been to Ormstown Beach" bumper stickers. It is a popular summer activity to cycle along the Châteauguay River. The town has traces of an old dam, which was once the source of power for the mill. People living outside the town only gained access to electricity following World War II.
2018 McGrath Cup
The 2018 McGrath Cup was a Gaelic football competition in the province of Munster, played by county teams.

Just three county teams completed in 2018 after the withdrawals of Tipperary, Limerick, and Kerry. Cork were the winners.

The cup was won by Cork after a 3–13 to 3–12 win in the final.

McGrath Cup
The McGrath Cup is a Gaelic football competition played each January in Munster. The competition was introduced for the benefit of the weaker counties, but in the mid-1990s, Kerry and Cork were included. Several college teams previously participated but, from 2016, only county teams compete.
1992 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone – Pool B
Group B of the 1992 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 1992 Federation Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage.

1992 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1992 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The eight teams were then randomly drawn into a three-stage knockout tournament, with the winner qualifying for the World Group.
Anterior compartment of leg
The anterior compartment of the leg is a fascial compartment of the lower leg. It contains muscles that produce dorsiflexion and participate in inversion and eversion of the foot, as well as vascular and nervous elements, including the anterior tibial artery and veins and the deep fibular nerve.

Leg
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts".  The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

As an anatomical animal structure, it is used for locomotion. The distal end is often modified to distribute force (such as a foot). Most animals have an even number of legs.

As a component of furniture, it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, such as the table top or chair seat.
Gala potato
Gala is an early-ripening firm-fleshed edible potato, for which good eating and keeping qualities are claimed. It was developed by the Groß Lüsewitz-based plant breeder Norika.   In 2010, it was chosen as Thuringia's potato of the year in a public contest to which nearly 1000 consumers contributed, and in which Laura was second place.

Laura potato
Laura is a mid-season-ripening, firm-fleshed, edible potato. The Laura potato is red-skinned with a rich potato-yellow flesh color and an oval shape. It was first recognised in 1998 in Austria.  The depth of the eyes is between flat and very flat.

The potato is robustly resistant to damage and is highly resistant to scab, leafroll virus and potato viruses A and Y.   However, it is susceptible to potato wart and cyst nematodes.

Some authorities advise against the use of any herbicide containing metribuzine at any stage.