hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ross shadow cabinet
While there is no Official Opposition in Holyrood, Douglas Ross, as leader of the largest party not in government, acted as the Leader of the Opposition. Ross was appointed leader of the Scottish Conservatives in August 2020, but was not a member of the Scottish Parliament, so Ruth Davidson served as the opposition leader until he was elected in the May 2021 election.

Ross appointed his first Shadow Cabinet on 11 August 2020, which was led by Davidson. After his election to the parliament in the 2021 election, he made a reshuffle of his existing cabinet, which he then led.

Opposition parties in the Scottish Parliament
Unlike in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, where there is a recognised "Official Opposition" to the government of the day, all parties in the Scottish Parliament that are not in government are technically on the same footing as "opposition parties". With the Scottish National Party (SNP) currently in government, the Scottish Conservatives and Scottish Labour each form a shadow cabinet composed of Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) and prospective parliamentary candidates. The Scottish Liberal Democrats do not.

Shadow cabinet ministers have a responsibility to shadow an individual government minister or a specific area of government. Other parties have frontbench teams with spokespersons covering multiple areas of government or which are composed of spokespersons from both within and outside the Scottish Parliament.
2022 Asia Rugby Sevens Series
The 2022 Asia Rugby Sevens Series was the thirteenth edition of the Asia Rugby Sevens Series. The lower-tier Trophy tournament, hosted in Indonesia, served as a qualifier, with the top team qualifying for the main series hosted in Thailand, South Korea, and UAE.

The Asia Rugby Sevens Series issued an apology after the wrong national anthem was played for the Hong Kong Men's 7's team before the final of the Incheon Sevens.

Asia Rugby Sevens Series
The Asia Rugby Sevens Series is an annual series of regional rugby sevens tournaments run by Asia Rugby featuring national sevens teams. It has been held regularly since 2009 to determine Asia's best men's national team in the sport of rugby sevens.
Transylvanian Regurgitations
Transylvanian Regurgitations is an EP by Rasputina and remixed by Marilyn Manson and Twiggy Ramirez which was released in 1997 by Columbia Records. All songs are by Melora Creager except track 6, Brand New Key by Melanie Safka.

Thanks for the Ether
Thanks for the Ether is the debut studio album by American rock band Rasputina, released on August 6, 1996, on Columbia Records. The album was recorded at Sear Sound Recording Studio in New York City, and produced by Jimmy Boyle and Melora Creager. The cover art and packaging was designed by Creager. The album did not chart in any country and it did not sell many copies. It contains an eclectic collection of songs and spoken-word narration. It is also known for introducing the band's pioneering use of distortion effects pedals on their cellos, single-handedly launching the underground genre known as cello rock.

On October 1, 1996, the band appeared as the musical guest on Late Night with Conan O'Brien to promote the album. In 1998, the track "Transylvanian Concubine" was featured in the season 2 episode of Buffy The Vampire Slayer, "Surprise".
Mezen Basin
The Mezen Basin is a sedimentary basin located in northwestern Russia. It list southeast of the White Sea and bounds the Timanide Orogen to the north and west. The basin is classified as a pericratonic and epicratonic foreland basin within the East European Craton. The Mezen Basin contains the following pre-Vendian sediments: the Ust-Nafta Group with a maximum thickness of 1200 meters, on top of this is rests the Safonovo Group made up of carbonates and siliciclastic sediments reminiscent of flysch. The Safonovo Group upward end is an unconformity that separates it from the poorly sorted sandstones of the Uftuga Formation.

Foreland basin
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. The width and depth of the foreland basin is determined by the flexural rigidity of the underlying lithosphere, and the characteristics of the mountain belt. The foreland basin receives sediment that is eroded off the adjacent mountain belt, filling with thick sedimentary successions that thin away from the mountain belt. Foreland basins represent an endmember basin type, the other being rift basins. Accommodation (the space available for sediments to be deposited) is provided by loading and downflexure to form foreland basins, in contrast to rift basins, where accommodation space is generated by lithospheric extension.
Railroad history of Portland, Maine
The railroad history of Portland, Maine, began in 1842 with the arrival of the Portland, Saco & Portsmouth Railroad (PS&P). Most of the rail activity in Portland concerned agricultural goods bound for export and European import freight. But Maine's largest city also enjoyed 125 years of continuous passenger rail service from 1842 until 1967, and has been served by Amtrak since 2001. For most of Portland's history, passenger train schedules were designed with intercity travel—to Boston, Montreal, Nova Scotia, and points west—rather than daily commuting.

5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.
Puyopuyo!! Quest
Puyopuyo!! Quest (ぷよぷよ!!クエスト) and Puyopuyo!! Quest Arcade (ぷよぷよ!!クエスト アーケード), are two free-to-play puzzle role-playing video games developed and published by Sega for the iOS, Android, Kindle Fire and Arcade, released in Japan.

The game features the characters from the Puyo Puyo series, and also featured guest characters from several Japanese franchises like Detective Conan, Sailor Moon, and My Melody.

Puyopuyo!! Quest can be linked to its companion arcade game, Puyopuyo!! Quest Arcade. It supports ALL.Net system, and uses Sega's Aime Card to store player data and game progress, which adds a new card to the player's inventory.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Aeglagh Vannin
Aeglagh Vannin ("the Youth of Mann" in Manx Gaelic) was a youth group in the Isle of Man whose purpose was the engagement with and revitalisation of Manx language, history and culture. It was established by Mona Douglas in 1931, went through a number of mutations, and faded out in the 1970s. It is best remembered for its central role in the revival of Manx folk dancing.

Culture of the Isle of Man
The culture of the Isle of Man is influenced by its Celtic and, to a lesser extent, its Norse origins, though its close proximity to the United Kingdom, popularity as a UK tourist destination, and recent mass immigration by British migrant workers has meant that British influence has been dominant since the Revestment period. Recent revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of Anglicisation, and significant interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition has been the result.
Bosconero
Bosconero Italian pronunciation: [boskoˈneːro] is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Turin.

Bosconero borders the following municipalities: Rivarolo Canavese, San Giusto Canavese, Feletto, Foglizzo, San Benigno Canavese, and Lombardore.

San Benigno Canavese
San Benigno Canavese (Piedmontese: San Balègn) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Turin, whose territory is bordered by the Malone and Orco rivers.
Jennifer Knust
Jennifer W. Knust is a professor of religious studies at Duke University, who holds an affiliate appointment in the Department of Classical Studies. Since 2020, she has been director of undergraduate studies in the department of religious studies, director of the Elizabeth A. Clark Center for Late Ancient Studies, and Co-Director of the Manuscript Migration Lab at the Franklin Humanities Institute, all at Duke University. Knust has written about the importance of gendered discourses to the production of an early Christian identity.

Elizabeth A. Clark
Elizabeth Ann Clark (September 27, 1938 – September 7, 2021) was a professor of the John Carlisle Kilgo professorship of religion at Duke University. She was notable for her work in the field of Patristics, and the teaching of ancient Christianity in US higher education. Clark expanded the study of early Christianity and was a strong advocate for women, pioneering the application of modern theories such as feminist theory, social network theory, and literary criticism to ancient sources.
3-Hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine
3-Hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid produced by Catharanthus roseus.  The metabolite is a substrate for 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine N-methyltransferase (NMT) which transfers a methyl group to the nitrogen of the indole ring forming desacetoxyvindoline.  The enzyme catalyzing the formation of 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine from 16-methoxytabersonine is currently unknown, but is a result of hydration of the double bond connecting the 6 and 13 position carbons.

Indole
Indole is an organic compound with the formula  C6H4CCNH3.  Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.  Indoles are widely distributed in nature, most notably as amino acid tryptophan and neurotransmitter serotonin.. In plants, IAA is a common plant hormone which is a derivative of Indole.
Hünfelder SV
Hünfelder SV is a German association football club from the city of Hünfeld, Hesse. In addition to a football section, the sports club has departments for athletics, basketball, gymnastics, handball, table tennis, and volleyball.

Hünfeld
Hünfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈhyːnfɛlt] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated 16 km northeast of Fulda. In 2000, the town hosted the 40th Hessentag state festival. Hünfeld has a population of close to 16,000.
Anterior ligament of elbow
The anterior ligament of the elbow is a broad and thin fibrous layer covering the anterior surface of the joint.

It is attached to the front of the medial epicondyle and to the front of the humerus immediately above the coronoid and radial fossae below, to the anterior surface of the coronoid process of the ulna and to the annular ligament, being continuous on either side with the collateral ligaments.

Its superficial fibers pass obliquely from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the annular ligament.

The middle fibers, vertical in direction, pass from the upper part of the coronoid fossa and become partly blended with the preceding, but are inserted mainly into the anterior surface of the coronoid process.

The deep or transverse set intersects these at right angles. This ligament is in relation, in front, with the brachialis muscle, except at its most lateral part.

Elbow
The elbow is the region between the upper arm and the forearm that surrounds the elbow joint. The elbow includes prominent landmarks such as the olecranon, the cubital fossa (also called the chelidon, or the elbow pit), and the lateral and the medial epicondyles of the humerus. The elbow joint is a hinge joint between the arm and the forearm; more specifically between the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the forearm which allows the forearm and hand to be moved towards and away from the body.
The term elbow is specifically used for humans and other primates, and in other vertebrates it is not used. In those cases, forelimb plus joint is used.

The name for the elbow in Latin is cubitus, and so the word cubital is used in some elbow-related terms, as in cubital nodes for example.
Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo
"Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" (lit. "O' people of my country") is a patriotic song written in Hindi by Kavi Pradeep, composed by C. Ramchandra, and sung by singer Lata Mangeshkar. The song commemorates Indian soldiers who were killed in action during the Sino-Indian War in 1962.

The song was first performed live two months after the war by Mangeshkar on Republic Day (26 January) 1963 at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The song is often performed at public events and gatherings in India and is considered to be one of the most popular patriotic songs alongside "Jana Gana Mana" (the national anthem), "Vande Mataram" (the national song), and "Sare Jahan Se Accha".

Jana Gana Mana
"Jana Gana Mana" is the national anthem of the Republic of India. It was originally composed as "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" in Bengali written by polymath, activist and country's first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911. The first stanza of the song "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata", originally composed as a Hindu religious hymn for the Brahmo Samaj, was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately 52 seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (present-day Kolkata) Session of the Indian National Congress.
Arthur Caldwell (Australian footballer)
Arthur Edward Caldwell (23 February 1886 – 26 July 1915) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

He served overseas in the First AIF. He was badly wounded in action at Gallipoli on 14 July 1915, and died of his wounds on 18 July 1915.

Addolorata Cemetery, Paola
The Santa Maria Addolorata Cemetery (Maltese: Iċ-Ċimiterju ta' Santa Marija Addolorata, "Cemetery of Our Lady of Sorrows"; formerly Italian: Cimitero di Santa Maria Addolorata), often known simply as the Addolorata Cemetery (Maltese: Iċ-Ċimiterju tal-Addolorata), is a state-owned, Neo-Gothic cemetery located in Paola, Malta. It is a multi-faith cemetery, but predominantly characterized by Catholic burials. It is the largest burial ground in the country and has been expanded a number of times. People of all social background are buried within the cemetery, and it consists from temporary memorial plaques of the death (which are removed over time) to permanent monuments including chapels belonging to private families. The cemetery also includes Commonwealth War graves.
Isidro Ungab
Isidro Tom Ungab (born May 8, 1961) is a Filipino politician serving as the representative of the Third District of Davao City in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. He previously served as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2020 to 2022 and again from 2022 to 2023.

Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
The deputy speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (Filipino: Mga Depyuti Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) are the second highest-ranking officials of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. During the absence of the House speaker, one of the House deputy speakers will preside over a session of the chamber.

The positions of deputy speakers were established in the 10th Congress, replacing the single office of speaker pro tempore, which existed from 1922 to 1995.

The incumbent deputy speakers of the House are representatives Dinand Hernandez (Senior Deputy Speaker), Janette Garin, Yasser Balindong, Paolo Ortega, Jay Khonghun, Kristine Singson-Meehan, Ronaldo Puno, Ferjenel Biron, Raymond Mendoza, Yevgeny Emano, and David Suarez.
Mavuso Sports Centre
Mavuso Sports Centre is a multi-use stadium in Manzini, Eswatini.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.

The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 spectators. Also known as Trade Fair Ground, it is also used for traditional events such as king's birthday ceremonies. A new stadium has been proposed to replace it soon. Once the new stadium is completed, Trade Fair Ground will be demolished.

Manzini
Manzini (formerly Bremersdorp) is a large city in Eswatini, which is also the city of Eswatini's Manzini Region. The city is the country's second  largest urban center behind the capital Mbabane, with a population of 110,000 (2008). It is known as "The Hub" of Eswatini and lies on the MR3 road. Eswatini's primary industrial site at Matsapha lies near the town's western border.
Roger J-B Wets
Roger Jean-Baptiste Robert Wets (February 1937 – April 1, 2025) was a Belgian stochastic programming and a leader in variational analysis who published as Roger J-B Wets. His research, expositions, graduate students, and his collaboration with R. Tyrrell Rockafellar have had a profound influence on optimization theory, computations, and applications. Since 2009, Wets has been a distinguished research professor at the mathematics department of the University of California, Davis.

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (O.R.), management science, and analytics. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) and The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS).

The INFORMS Roundtable includes institutional members from operations research departments at major organizations.

INFORMS administers the honor society Omega Rho.
Neil Robinson (motorcyclist)
Neil Robinson (29 July 1962 – 13 September 1986) was a motorcycle circuit and road racer from Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Robinson died aged 24 during a practice session at Oliver's Mount racing circuit, Scarborough.

Suzuki
Suzuki Motor Corporation (Japanese: スズキ株式会社, Hepburn: Suzuki Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational mobility manufacturer headquartered in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka. It manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal combustion engines. In 2016, Suzuki was the eleventh biggest automaker by production worldwide.
Suzuki has over 45,000 employees and has 35 production facilities in 23 countries, and 133 distributors in 192 countries. The worldwide sales volume of automobiles is the world's tenth largest, while domestic sales volume is the third largest in the country.

Suzuki's domestic motorcycle sales volume is the third largest in Japan.
Uttur, Kolhapur
Uttur is a town located in the southern part of Kolhapur District of Maharashtra. It is part of Ajara Tehsil. Uttur is also known for Saturday Weekly market place in Panchkroshi.

PIN Code 416220.

Offices

Grampanchayat

Talathi office

Post office

BSNL Office

Ajara (India)
Ajara is a census town and the headquarters of Ajara Taluka in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India. It is a developing city with a Nagar Panchayat (municipal council).

Ajara is mainly known for its Ajara Ghansal Tandul rice. Two rivers flow through the town, the Chitra and the Hiranyakeshi. Ramtirth, a site where Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita are believed to have stayed during their 14-year vanvas (exile), is located here.
Ronnie Goodman
Ronnie Goodman (1961 – August 7, 2020) was a homeless artist who lived on the streets of San Francisco, California. Goodman became a local celebrity after the quality of his artwork gained recognition. He was also known as a distance runner who competed in local marathons. Goodman's character, artwork and biography which appeared in newspapers, Runner's World magazine and in documentaries, helped humanize the homeless crisis in San Francisco. Goodman died in his encampment in the Mission District of San Francisco on August 7, 2020, aged 60.

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.
USS Santa Barbara (AE-28)
USS Santa Barbara (AE-28) was an Kilauea-class ammunition ship in the United States Navy. Santa Barbara is both the name of Santa Barbara, California and a historically active volcano on Terceira Island in the Azores. In addition, Saint Barbara is the patron saint of those who work with cannons and explosives.

Santa Barbara was laid down on 30 December 1966 at the Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard in Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched on 23 January 1968; sponsored by Mrs. Graeme C. Bannerman, the wife of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Installations and Logistics; and commissioned on 11 July 1970.

Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard
39°13′7.1″N 76°29′24.4″W﻿ / ﻿39.218639°N 76.490111°W﻿ / 39.218639; -76.490111

The Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard was a shipyard founded as Maryland Steel in Sparrows Point, Maryland, US, in 1887 and still in operation in the 2020s under new ownership and a new name. It was first acquired by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation in 1916 and renamed the Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard. It was sold in 1997 to Baltimore Marine Industries Inc. In 2012, it was owned by Barletta Industries, which had converted it to the Sparrows Point Shipyard and Industrial Complex. As of 2021, it is owned by Sparrows Point Terminal, LLC, and has been renamed Tradepoint Atlantic.
Chromium toxicity
Chromium toxicity refers to any poisonous  toxic 
effect in an organism or cell that results from exposure to specific forms of chromium—especially hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested. Trivalent chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to human nutrition. There is a hypothetical risk of genotoxicity in humans if large amounts of trivalent chromium were somehow able to enter living cells, but normal metabolism and cell function prevent this.

Chromate and dichromate
Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, CrO2−4. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate anion, Cr2O2−7. They are oxyanions of chromium in the +6 oxidation state and are moderately strong oxidizing agents. In an aqueous solution, chromate and dichromate ions can be interconvertible.