hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tanks of the United States
The United States has produced tanks since their inception in World War I, up until the present day. While there were several American experiments in tank design, the first American tanks to see service were copies of French light tanks and a joint heavy tank design with the United Kingdom.

In the interwar period there was reduced development due to the low expenditure on war material following the US non-interventionist policy and the financial position.

In World War II, the US came to the fore with tanks designed for mass production and reliability reflecting the US position as the "arsenal of democracy".

The U.S. has been greatly influential in the design philosophy, production and doctrine of tanks, and has been responsible for some of the most successful tank designs.

M2 medium tank
The M2 medium tank, officially Medium Tank, M2, was a United States Army medium tank that was first produced in 1939 by the Rock Island Arsenal, just prior to the commencement of the Second World War in Europe. Production was 18 M2 tanks, and 94 slightly improved M2A1 tanks, for a total of 112. Events in Western Europe rapidly demonstrated that the M2 was obsolete, and it was never used overseas in combat; it was, however, used for training purposes throughout the war.

The M2's features included an unusually large number of machine guns, bullet deflector plates, and sloped armor on the hull front (glacis plate). The main armament was a 37 mm (1.5 in) gun, with 32 mm (1.3 in) armor; the M2A1 had a 51 mm (2.0 in) gun mantlet. Some features of the M2 series, especially the suspension and powertrain, provided the basis for later, important U.S. tank designs including the M3 Lee, M4 Sherman and other armored fighting vehicles.
Michelsberg culture
The Michelsberg culture (German: Michelsberger Kultur (MK)) is an important Neolithic culture in Central Europe. Its dates are c. 4400–3500 BC. Its conventional name is derived from that of an important excavated site on Michelsberg (short for Michaelsberg) hill near Untergrombach, between Karlsruhe and Heidelberg (Baden-Württemberg), Germany.

The Michelsberg culture belongs to the Central European Late Neolithic. Its distribution covered much of West Central Europe, along both sides of the Rhine, starting the European tradition of timber framing. A detailed chronology, based on pottery, was produced in the 1960s by the German archaeologist Jens Lüning.

Haplogroup J (mtDNA)
Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to haplogroup T. Within the field of medical genetics, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
Sixteenth Century Journal
The Sixteenth Century Journal: The Journal of Early Modern Studies (SCJ) is a quarterly journal of early modern studies. The senior editors are Merry Wiesner-Hanks and Patricia Phillippy. Until 2022 it was published by Sixteenth Century Publisher Inc. and affiliated with the Sixteenth Century Society and Conference. In 2023, the Sixteenth Century Society took over ownership of the journal, which is to be published from 2024 by the University of Chicago Press.

SCJ was founded in 1969, and has been at Truman State University since 1971. It was initially a biannual journal and moved to quarterly publication in 1976.

Truman State University
Truman State University (TSU or Truman) is a public liberal arts university in Kirksville, Missouri, United States. It had 3,664 enrolled students in the fall of 2024 pursuing degrees in 55 undergraduate and twelve graduate programs.

The university is named for U.S. President Harry Truman, who was a Missouri native. From 1972 until 1996, the school was known as Northeast Missouri State University.
Dutch heraldry
The study of Dutch heraldry focuses on the use of coats of arms and other insignia in the country of the Netherlands.  Dutch heraldry is characterised by its simple and rather sober style, and in this sense, is closer to its medieval origins than the elaborate styles which developed in other heraldic traditions.

Coat of arms of the Netherlands
The coat of arms of the Kingdom of the Netherlands was originally adopted in 1815 and later modified in 1907. The arms are a composite of the arms of the former Dutch Republic and the arms of the House of Nassau, it features a shield, strewn with small rectangles and as its main element a lion grasping a sword in one hand and a bundle of arrows in the other and is the heraldic symbol of the monarch (King Willem-Alexander) and the country. The monarch uses a version of the arms with a mantle (Dutch: Koninklijk wapen) while the government of the Netherlands uses a smaller version without the mantle (cloak) or the pavilion, sometimes only the shield and crown are used (Dutch: Rijkswapen). The components of the coats of arms were regulated by Queen Wilhelmina in a royal decree of 10 July 1907, affirmed by Queen Juliana in a royal decree of 23 April 1980.
Adrienne Erickcek
Adrienne Lynn Erickcek is an American theoretical cosmologist whose research aims at understanding cosmic inflation, dark matter, dark energy and chameleon particles, and alternatives to general relativity such as f(R) gravity. She is an associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Marc Kamionkowski
Marc Kamionkowski (born 1965) is an American theoretical physicist and currently the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. His research interests include particle physics, dark matter, inflation, the cosmic microwave background and gravitational waves.
Mour Dhwaj Superfast Express
The 12492 / 12491 Mour Dhwaj Superfast Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways – Northern Railway zone that runs between Jammu Tawi and Barauni Junction in India.

It operates as train number 12492 from Jammu Tawi to Barauni Junction and as train number 12491 in the reverse direction, serving the 6 states of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Bihar.

Barauni Junction railway station
Barauni Junction railway station (station code BJU), is a railway station in the Sonpur division of East Central Railway. Barauni Junction is located in Barauni city in Begusarai district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Eric Gales
Eric Gales (born October 29, 1974), also known as Raw Dawg, is an American blues rock guitarist, originally hailed as a child prodigy. As of 2022, Gales has recorded 19 albums for major record labels and has done session and tribute work. He has also contributed vocals on several records by the Memphis rap groups Prophet Posse and Three 6 Mafia under the names Lil E and Mack E.

Supersonic Blues Machine
Supersonic Blues Machine is an American, California-based trio, consisting of drummer Kenny Aronoff, producer/bass player Fabrizio Grossi and singer/guitarist Kris Barras, currently signed to Provogue Records. Their sound is predominantly based on American roots music, but stretches out to reach different styles of the genre, such as contemporary blues, funk R&B, rock 'n' soul, and alternative. Their "claim to fame" is to always enlist a noticeable line up of guests and sidemen, both on their records as on their live shows. They have recorded two albums, West of Flushing, South of Frisco (2016), Californisoul (2017), both of which reached the Top 15 of the Billboard Blues Albums chart, and released their first live record Road Chronicles - LIVE! in July 2019.  Their third studio album VooDoo Nation was released in June 2022.
2012 Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election
The Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council elections, 2012 were held to elect council members of Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council, the local government authority of Welwyn Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England.

The elections were contested in 16 of the 17 wards. In each ward, one seat was up for election. Welham Green was not contested as it is represented by two councillors and 2012 was not an election year.

Welwyn
Welwyn /ˈwɛlɪn/ ⓘ is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. The parish also includes the nearby villages and settlements of Digswell, Mardley Heath and Oaklands. The village is sometimes referred to as Old Welwyn or Welwyn Village, to distinguish it from the much newer and larger settlement of Welwyn Garden City, about a mile to the south.  Welwyn Garden City residents often refer to their town as Welwyn, causing them to call the village by the name of Old Welwyn to make a distinction.  Residents of the village usually refer to it as Welwyn, or sometimes Welwyn Village to make a distinction.
2010 Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament
The 2010 Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sacramento, United States between 4 and 11 October 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Kevin Feeney
Kevin Feeney (2 February 1952 – 14 August 2013) was an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the High Court from 2006 to 2013.

He was educated at Gonzaga College, University College Dublin and the King's Inns. He was called to the Bar in 1973, and became a senior counsel in 1991. He was appointed to the High Court in March 2006. He most notably heard part of the John Gilligan case in 2010. He died suddenly on 14 August 2013 in County Cork.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
WXGR-LP
WXGR-LP (103.5 FM) is a non-profit low-power FM radio station licensed to serve Dover, New Hampshire.  The station is owned by Seacoast Community Radio, which acquired the broadcasting license in September 2019.

The station was assigned the WXGR call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on July 31, 2003. The station broadcasts from its tower site in Eliot, Maine, with an office and studio in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  WXGR serves the Seacoast area of New Hampshire and southern Maine.

Dover, New Hampshire
Dover is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 32,741 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in the New Hampshire Seacoast region and the fifth most populous city in New Hampshire.

It is the county seat of Strafford County, and home to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, the Woodman Institute Museum, and the Children's Museum of New Hampshire.
Culex globocoxitus
Culex globocoxitus is a species of mosquito in the genus Culex that is endemic to Australia. It is a member of the subgenus Culex and the C. pipiens species complex. It is known to breed in open swamps and brackish water, and has been collected in coastal south-west Western Australia. The species is active throughout the entire year, but peaks between July and November. Females generally do not bite humans, the host is most likely birds.

This mosquito may crossbreed with other members of the pipens complex, and a globocoxitus × molestus hybrid has been bred in a lab setting.

Culex
Culex or typical mosquitoes are a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis and avian malaria. They occur worldwide except for the extreme northern parts of the temperate zone, and are the most common form of mosquito encountered in some major U.S. cities, such as Los Angeles.
2005 Chandler Ward by-election
The 2005 Chandler Ward by-election was held on 10 September 2005 to elect the next councillor for the Brisbane City Council ward of Chandler, following the resignation of incumbent Michael Caltabiano.

Caltabiano, a member of the Liberal Party, resigned from council after winning the Chatsworth state by-election in August 2005.

The by-election was won by Liberal candidate Adrian Schrinner with 61% of the vote. He became Lord Mayor of Brisbane in 2019 and continues to serve in the role as of 2024.

2005 Chatsworth state by-election
A by-election was held for the Legislative Assembly of Queensland district of Chatsworth on 20 August 2005. It was triggered by the resignation of sitting Labor member and Deputy Premier Terry Mackenroth.

The by-election was held to coincide with the Redcliffe by-election on the same day. Both contests resulted in the Labor Party losing the seat to the rival Liberal Party. Michael Caltabiano was elected as the new member for Chatsworth.
Yemba language
Yɛmba or Yemba, also Yémba or Bamiléké Dschang, is a major Bamileke language in West Region of Cameroon. It was approximately spoken by 500,000 or so people in the country in 2023.

Despite originally being exclusively a spoken language, Yemba writing was developed by Maurice Tadadjeu (co-creator of the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages) and Steven Bird. Their team developed a small Yemba–French Dictionary covering French translations of over 3,000 Yemba words and expressions. The Mmuock dialect also has a proposed orthography.

Mmuock Language
Mmuock, alternatively Mmock, is the language of the Mmuock (Mmock) people of western Cameroon. A writing system is based on the Latin script.

Mmuock is a tonal language: the phrase a fa lèlā can mean at least four different things depending on the tone on the second ⟨a⟩:

a fǎ lèlā. she has been wrong to cry

a fâ lèlā. she will be wrong to cry

a fȧ lèlā. she [when she wants, or has, to] makes the mistake of crying

a fă lèlā. she [as is in her nature] makes the mistake of crying.
KNVB Academy
The KNVB Academy is the Educational Department of the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB). The KNVB Academy was founded in 1996 to concentrate all educational programs for Dutch football in one body, and is headquartered at Zeist. The operations of the KNVB Academy are focused on development of coaches, referees and administrators in The Netherlands. Dutch coaching diplomas are UEFA approved.

Royal Dutch Football Association
The Royal Dutch Football Association (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈvudbɑlbɔnt]; KNVB [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː]) is the governing body of football in the Netherlands. It organises the main Dutch football leagues (Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie), the amateur leagues, the KNVB Cup, and the Dutch men's and women's national teams.

For three seasons in the 2010s, the KNVB and its Belgian counterpart operated a joint top-level women's league, the BeNe League, until the two countries dissolved the league after the 2014–15 season and re-established their own top-level leagues. The KNVB is based in the central municipality of Zeist. With over 1.2 million members, the KNVB is the single largest sports association in the Netherlands.
Pseudanthus micranthus
Pseudanthus micranthus, commonly known as fringed pseudanthus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Picrodendraceae and is endemic to the south-east of South Australia. It is a compact, monoecious shrub with simple, egg-shaped to round leaves and yellow flowers arranged in leaf axils, but appearing clustered on the ends of branches.

Picrodendraceae
Picrodendraceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 80 species in 25 genera. These are subtropical to tropical and found in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar, continental Africa, and tropical America. Its closest relatives are Phyllanthaceae.

This family used to be known as the subfamily Oldfieldioideae of the Euphorbiaceae.
Yuri Bykov
Yuri Anatolyevich Bykov (Russian: Ю́рий Анато́льевич Бы́ков; born August 15, 1981) is a Russian filmmaker, screenwriter and actor. He is best known for directing the films The Major, The Fool and the TV series The Method.

Kinotavr
Kinotavr (Russian: Кинотавр), also known as the Sochi Open Russian Film Festival was an open film festival held in the resort city of Sochi, Russia annually in June since 1991, until it was cancelled in the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Alexander Rodnyansky said: "This year the festival will not take place, it will be rescheduled for a period when we survive the current political events and can return to the cinema, including to understand what happened to the country and to all of us."

From 1994 to 2005 the festival consisted of two parts: the Open Russian Film Festival (ORFF) and the International Film Festival (IFF). As of 2008 it was the largest national film festival in Russia. There is a second film festival, known as Sochi International Film Festival and Awards.

The word Kinotavr is a portmanteau (in Russian) of "Cinema" and "...taur" (as in Centaur or Minotaur).
Donald MacKintosh (VC)
Donald MacKintosh VC (7 February 1896 – 11 April 1917) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Seaforth Highlanders
The Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, the Duke of Albany's) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, mainly associated with large areas of the northern Highlands of Scotland. The regiment existed from 1881 to 1961, and saw service in World War I and World War II, along with many smaller conflicts. In 1961 the regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders to form the Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons), which merged, in 1994, with the Gordon Highlanders to form the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons). This later joined the Royal Scots Borderers, the Black Watch, the Royal Highland Fusiliers and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to create the present Royal Regiment of Scotland.
Unique Device Identification
The Unique Device Identification (UDI) System is intended to assign a unique identifier to medical devices within the United States, Europe, China, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and Taiwan. It was signed into law in the US on September 27, 2007, as part of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (Section 226) of 2007.

Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007
President of the United States George W. Bush signed the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA) on September 27, 2007. This law reviewed, expanded, and reaffirmed several existing pieces of legislation regulating the FDA. These changes allow the FDA to perform more comprehensive reviews of potential new drugs and devices. It was sponsored by Reps. Joe Barton and Frank Pallone and passed unanimously by the Senate.

The FDAAA extended the authority to levy fees to companies applying for approval of drugs, expanded clinical trial guidelines for pediatric drugs, and created the priority review voucher program, amongst other items.
KZNG
KZNG (1340 AM) is an oldies radio station in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  It broadcasts with an ERP of 1 kW (1000 watts) from its broadcast tower near downtown Hot Springs.

KZNG is owned and operated by US Stations, LLC, a local company that also owns KLXQ, KQUS and KLAZ in Hot Springs, Arkansas and KLBL in Malvern, Arkansas. US Stations maintains studios at 125 Corporate Terrace, a building constructed for KRZB-TV (channel 26) in 1986 and expanded in 2006.

It broadcast on 1470 AM from its launch in 1954 until 1967 when it moved to its current frequency, 1340 AM.

KLBL
KLBL (101.5 FM, "Kool 101.5") is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Malvern, Arkansas, United States, it serves the Hot Springs, Arkansas and Hot Springs Village, Arkansas area. The station is currently owned by US Stations, LLC.
Runhall
Runhall is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Brandon Parva, Coston, Runhall and Welborne, in the South Norfolk district, in Norfolk, England. The parish covers an area of 11.98 km2 (4.63 sq mi) and had a population of 365 in 137 households at the 2001 census, including Welborne and increasing in the 2011 Census to a population of 401 in 148 households.

The villages name origin is uncertain possibly, 'tree-trunk nook of land', 'Runa's nook of land', or perhaps, 'council's nook of land'.

Its church, All Saints, is one of 124 existing round-tower churches in Norfolk.

South Norfolk
South Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. The largest town is Wymondham, and the district also includes the towns of Costessey, Diss, Harleston, Hingham, Loddon and Long Stratton. The council was based in Long Stratton until 2023 when it moved to the Broadland Business Park near Norwich, in the neighbouring Broadland district, as part of a shared facility with Broadland District Council. Some of the district's urban areas (including Costessey) form part of the Norwich built-up area. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads.

The neighbouring districts are Breckland, Broadland, Norwich, Great Yarmouth, East Suffolk and Mid Suffolk.
First Nations in Saskatchewan
First Nations in Saskatchewan constitute many Native Canadian band governments.  First Nations ethnicities in the province include the Cree, Assiniboine, Saulteaux, Lakota, Dene and Dakota. Historically, the Atsina and Blackfoot could also be found at various times.

"In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under the Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas."

Saulteaux
The Saulteaux (pronounced /ˈsɔːltoʊ/, SAWL-toh or in imitation of the French pronunciation /ˈsoʊtoʊ/, SOH-toh; also written Salteaux, Saulteau and other variants), otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe, are a First Nations band government in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. They are a branch of the Ojibwe who pushed west. They formed a mixed culture of woodlands and plains Indigenous customs and traditions.
Monolith, California
Monolith (formerly, Aqueduct) is an unincorporated community in the Tehachapi Valley, in Kern County, California.

The community is located 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east of Tehachapi, at an elevation of 3,966 feet (1,209 m) in the southern Sierra Nevada and eastern Tehachapi Pass areas.

Tehachapi, California
Tehachapi (/təˈhætʃəpi/ ⓘ; Kawaiisu: Tihachipia, meaning "hard climb") is a city in Kern County, California, United States, in the Tehachapi Mountains, at an elevation of 3,970 feet (1,210 m), between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert. Tehachapi is 35 miles (56 km) east-southeast of Bakersfield, and 20 miles (32 km) west of Mojave. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10 square miles (26 km2). As of the 2020 census, Tehachapi had a population of 12,939. The Tehachapi area is known for the nearby Tehachapi Loop (a popular railfan site), the Pacific Crest Trail and for the favorable weather conditions for the aerial sport of gliding.