hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banu Ash'ar
Banu al-Ash'ar (Arabic: بنو الأشعر; Ancient South Arabian: , ʾs²ʿrn) also known as al-Ashaira (Arabic: الأشاعرة) is a Qahtanite tribe that inhabited Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula. The companion of the prophet, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari is a member of this tribe.

Qahtanite
The Qahtanites (/ˈkɑːtənaɪts/; Arabic: قَحْطَانِيون, romanized: Qaḥṭānīyun), also known as Banu Qahtan (Arabic: بنو قحطان) or by their nickname al-Arab al-Ariba (Arabic: العرب العاربة), are the Arabs who originate from modern-day Hadhramaut, Yemen. The term "Qahtan" is mentioned in multiple Ancient South Arabian inscriptions found in Yemen. Some Arab traditions believe that the Qahtanites are the original Arabs.

In some Judeo-Christian-Islamic traditions, the Qahtanite Arabs descend from Jokshan, a son of Abraham through Keturah and half brother of Ishmael son of Abraham through Hagar.
Gmina Wilkołaz
Gmina Wilkołaz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wilkołaz, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-east of Kraśnik and 32 km (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 81.86 square kilometres (31.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,554 (5,523 in 2013).

Kraśnik
Kraśnik [ˈkraɕɲik] is a town in southeastern Poland with 30 842 inhabitants (2024), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, historic Lesser Poland. It is the seat of Kraśnik County. The town of Kraśnik as it is known today was created in 1975, after the merger of its two districts - Kraśnik Lubelski, and Kraśnik Fabryczny.
Quad antenna
A quad antenna is a type of directional wire radio antenna used on the HF and VHF bands. A quad is a Yagi–Uda antenna ("Yagi") made from loop elements instead of dipoles: It consists of a driven element and one or more parasitic elements; however in a quad, each of the loop elements may be square, round, or some other shape. It is used by radio amateurs on the HF and VHF amateur bands.

Driven and parasitic elements
In an antenna array made of multiple conductive elements (typically metal rods), a driven element or active element (also called driven radiator or active radiator) is electrically connected to the receiver or transmitter while a parasitic element (or passive radiator) is not.
Carousel Productions
Carousel Productions, Inc. is the organization that currently owns and runs the Miss Earth and Miss Philippines Earth beauty contest. The annual events are produced in partnership with ABS-CBN Corporation. The organization is based in the Philippines.

Miss Earth 2007
Miss Earth 2007, the seventh edition of the Miss Earth pageant, was held on November 12, 2007 at the University of the Philippines Theater, on campus of the University of the Philippines Diliman in Quezon City, Philippines. 88 delegates competed for the title, making 2007 the largest edition of delegates for Miss Earth. The pageant was hosted by MTV Asia VJ Utt Panichkul, Priscilla Meirelles and Ginger Conejero. Hil Hernández from Chile crowned her successor Jessica Trisko from Canada the end of the event.

Pooja Chitgopekar from India won her second consecutive Miss Air title. Silvana Santaella from Venezuela was announced as Miss Water. She also won two special awards: Best in Swimsuit and Best in Long Gown. Ángela Gómez from Spain finished fourth as Miss Fire. Bokang Montjane from South Africa made the top 16 semi-finalist and received the Beauty for a Cause award.
Shopping Park station
Shopping Park station (simplified Chinese: 购物公园站; traditional Chinese: 購物公園站; pinyin: Gòuwù Gōngyuán Zhàn; Jyutping: Gau/Kau3 Mat6 Gung1 Jyun4/2 Zaam6), formerly known in English as the Gouwugongyuan station, is a station on Line 1 and Line 3 of the Shenzhen Metro. The Line 1 platforms opened on 28 December 2004 and the Line 3 platforms opened on 28 June 2011. It is located underneath the junction of Fuhua Road (福华路; 福華路), Yitian Road (益田路) and Mintian Road (民田路) in Futian District, Shenzhen, China. The station takes its name from COCO Park (星河购物公园; 星河購物公園), a major shopping mall. It also has underground connections to Futian station via Link City and the Ping An Finance Centre.

COCO Park
COCO Park is a group of shopping complexes in Shenzhen. The primary one is Futian COCO Park in Futian District, Shenzhen.

Futian COCO Park was established in 2007. Various journalists working for the South China Morning Post described it as "Shenzhen's answer to Lan Kwai Fong." This refers to an entertainment district in Hong Kong. Futian COCO Park includes a 6,000-square-foot (560 m2) restaurant rooftop area with non-Chinese cuisines. In May 2017 the AEON shop at COCO Park closed.

There are sister complexes owned by the same company: COCO City in Longhua District, near Baishilong station; and Longgang COCO Park in Longgang District.
Officer, Victoria
Officer is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 48 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District and the second most populous in the Shire of Cardinia after Pakenham. Officer recorded a population of 18,503 at the 2021 census.

Officer serves as the Council seat of the shire.

Most of the land around Officer is currently being developed for residential use with medium density housing. Population and demographic mixes are changing, with construction of a 4,000 lot housing estate to be completed in late 2019. Current estates that have been announced and under construction include:
Timbertop, 
Arcadia,
Kaduna Park,
Savannah, Officer Fields and Officer Central.

Pakenham, Victoria
Pakenham (/ˈpækənəm/ ⓘ PACK-kən-əm)  is a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, 53 km (33 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District and the most populous in the Shire of Cardinia. Pakenham recorded a population of 54,118 at the 2021 census.

Pakenham has become a major growth area in south-eastern Melbourne as new housing developments have boosted its population and infrastructure, as exemplified in the development of the Lakeside, Heritage Springs and Cardinia Lakes estates.
West Catholic Athletic League
The West Catholic Athletic League (WCAL) is a high school athletic conference in the Central Coast Section of the California Interscholastic Federation.  The boys division is made up of seven Catholic schools and one nondenominational Christian school in the Western and Southern portions of the San Francisco Bay Area. The girls division includes all of the co-ed schools in the WCAL, along with Presentation High School (all-female school). Notre Dame-Belmont (all-female school), Sacred Heart Preparatory-Atherton, and the Menlo School compete in select WCAL sports (water polo and lacrosse), but mainly partake in the West Bay Athletic League.

West Bay Athletic League
The West Bay Athletic League is a high school athletic conference established in 2002 as part of the CIF Central Coast Section of the California Interscholastic Federation.  It comprises twelve private high schools generally around San Mateo County and Santa Clara County, California.
Elias Van Bunschooten House
The Elias Van Bunschooten House is located at 1097 NJ Route 23 in Wantage Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The Federal style house was built in 1787. The property was donated to the Chinkchewunska Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1971 for use as the DAR Van Bunschooten Museum. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1974, for its significance in religion.

Wantage Township, New Jersey
Wantage Township (pronounced WHAN-tij) is a township in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 10,811, a decrease of 547 (−4.8%) from the 2010 census count of 11,358, which in turn reflected an increase of 971 (+9.3%) from the 10,387 counted in the 2000 census.

Wantage Township was formed as a precinct on May 30, 1754, from portions of Newton Township. It was incorporated as a township on February 21, 1798, as part of the state's initial group of 104 townships. Boundary exchanges were made with Frankford Township in both 1826 and 1834. Portions of the township were taken on October 14, 1891, to form the Borough of Deckertown (renamed Sussex borough in 1902). The township was named for Wantage, England.
Stuttgart-Center
Stuttgart-Center (German: Stuttgart-Mitte, pronounced [ˈʃtʊtɡaʁt ˈmɪtə]) is one of the five inner boroughs of the Germany city of Stuttgart. It is located at the very center, between Stuttgart-North, West, East and South, of the city on the banks of the Neckar about an hour from the Black Forest.

Old Castle (Stuttgart)
The Old Palace (German: Altes Schloss) is a former castle located on the Schillerplatz in Stuttgart, Germany. The castle, originally a water castle dating back to the 10th century, was the residence of the Counts and later some Dukes of Württemberg and today is the home of the Landesmuseum Württemberg. The castle church (German: Schloßkirche) still functions as a place of worship.
Kenko Kempo Karate
Kenko Kempo Karate is a hybrid martial art system aimed at people over 40 years of age. It is a methodology to adapt Eastern martial arts to the needs of persons of advanced age, for both novices as well as experienced practitioners. It aims at health, wellness, and self-defense. The system can be adapted to most martial arts but consistently uses tai chi forms as part of the training programme.

Kenko Kempo Karate is registered as an association in Germany as well as the Netherlands where the Netherlands Federation for Martial Arts accepted it within its elderly martial arts initiative.

Warming up
'Warming up' is a part of stretching and preparation for physical exertion or a performance by exercising or practicing gently beforehand, usually undertaken before a performance or practice. Athletes, singers, actors and others warm up before stressing their muscles. It is widely believed to prepare the muscles for vigorous actions and to prevent muscle cramps and injury due to overexertion.
Ukshin Hoti
Ukshin Hoti was a Kosovo Albanian philosopher and activist. Hoti was a professor of international law and later philosophy at the University of Pristina and founder of UNIKOMB, a political party of Kosovo. Since 1982 he had been arrested several times by Yugoslav authorities. In 1994 he was convicted to five years in the Dubrava prison. In May 1999, when his sentence ended and he was to be released, the prison guards transferred him to an unknown location. His whereabouts remain unknown and many human rights activists consider him dead.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
HMS Thames (1885)
HMS Thames was a Mersey-class protected cruiser built for the Royal Navy (RN) in the 1880s. The ship was placed in reserve upon her completion in 1888 and was converted into a submarine depot ship in 1903. She was sold out of the navy in 1920 and was purchased by a South African businessman to serve as a training ship for naval cadets under the name SATS General Botha. The ship arrived in South Africa in 1921 and began training her first class of cadets in Simon's Town the following year. General Botha continued to train cadets for the first several years of World War II, but the RN took over the ship in 1942 for use as an accommodation ship under her original name. She was scuttled by gunfire in 1947 and is now a diveable wreck.

Mersey-class cruiser
The Mersey-class cruiser was a class of second class protected cruiser of the Royal Navy commissioned in the late 1880s. They were the first cruisers that had discarded their sailing rigs in the design, making them far more modern in design. They had fairly mundane careers
Alan Weiss (mathematician)
Alan Weiss (born December 5, 1955) is an American mathematician, a pioneer in the usage of large deviations theory in performance evaluation and related areas.

Weiss received his B.Sc. in mathematics and physics from Case Western Reserve University  taking courses from Lajos Takács and being advised by  Arthur J. Lohwater (1976).  He received his M.Sc. in mathematics from Courant Institute  (1979) and Ph.D. from New York University in 1981; his advisor was S. R. S. Varadhan, and his dissertation was entitled Invariant Measures of Diffusion Processes on Domains with Boundaries.  He worked at Bell Labs (1981-2007), before joining MathWorks of Natick.  Weiss had appointments with University of Maryland, College Park (1986), Columbia University (1993) and Drew University (2005).

Arthur J. Lohwater
Arthur John "Jack" Lohwater (October 20, 1922 - June 10, 1982)  was an American mathematician.

He obtained a Ph.D. in mathematics at University of Rochester (1951), on the dissertation The Boundary Values of a Class of Analytic Functions, advised by Wladimir Seidel. Later he joined the faculty at University of Michigan and Case Western Reserve University. He was editor of Mathematical Reviews (1962–65). With Norman Steenrod and Sydney Gould he established important ties with Russian mathematicians, beginning with conferences in Moscow (1956, 58) and
resulting in a dictionary. Lohwater died of lung cancer in 1982, after a lengthy illness. He was married to the mathematician Marjorie White Lohwater (1925–2007).
Marie Therese Vauzou
Marie-Thérèse Vauzou (August 10, 1825 –  February 15, 1907) was a French Catholic nun who is known as having been the Mistress of Novices and later Mother Superior of the Sisters of Charity of Nevers during Saint Bernadette Soubirous' lifetime.

Sisters of Charity of Nevers
The Sisters of Charity of Nevers (French: Congrégation des Sœurs de la Charité de Nevers), also known as Sisters of Charity and Christian Instruction, is a Catholic convent founded in 1680 in Nevers, Nièvre department, France, at the instigation of Jean-Baptiste Delaveyne. The motherhouse, the former convent at St. Gildard in Nevers, which is now a space for pilgrims to sleep and learn about Bernadette, and is called Espace Bernadette, is built on the ruins of the priory of Saint-Gildard, and was supervised by the bishop of the diocese of Nevers.
2021 WAFF U-23 Championship
The 2021 WAFF U-23 Championship was the second edition of the WAFF U-23 Championship, an under-23 international tournament for member nations of the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF). It took place in Saudi Arabia from 4 to 12 October 2021, featuring 11 teams. Only players born on or after 1 January 1998 were eligible to participate. Iran were the defending champions; however, they couldn't defend the title after they joined CAFA.

Jordan won their first tournament, beating hosts Saudi Arabia 3–1 in the final.

WAFF U-23 Championship
The WAFF U-23 Championship (Arabic: بطولة غرب آسيا لكرة القدم تحت 23 عام) is an annual international football competition organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF) for the men's under-23 national teams of West Asia.
Haleem Brohi
Haleem Brohi (5 August 1935 – 28 July 2010, Hyderabad) was a Pakistani author and journalist, active in the Sindhi language. He is considered the second greatest satirist is Sindhi literature after Ali Mohammad Brohi.

University of Sindh
The University of Sindh (Urdu: جامعہ سندھ; Sindhi: سنڌ يونيورسٽي; informally known as Sindh University) is a public research university located in the city of Jamshoro, in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is one of the oldest universities in Pakistan and was certified by ISO in 2015.

Founded in 1947 in Karachi, the university was relocated to Hyderabad in 1951, where it began to function as a full-fledged teaching university. The university is associated with four colleges of law and various other colleges. Sindh University is noted for its research in literature, natural sciences, philosophy, and Sindhology.
Dernice
Dernice is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Alessandria.  It is located across the ancient Salt road, a former commercial road between Genoa and the Padan Plain. It is the seat of production of the Montebore cheese, in the eponymous frazione. It was once home to a castle, now in ruins.

Dernice borders the following municipalities: Borghetto di Borbera, Brignano-Frascata, Cantalupo Ligure, Garbagna, Montacuto, and San Sebastiano Curone.

Brignano-Frascata
Brignano-Frascata is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Alessandria.
Battle of Bataan (1945)
The Battle for the Recapture of Bataan (Filipino: Labanan para sa Bataan) from 31 January to 21 February 1945, by US forces and Allied Filipino guerrillas from the Japanese, part of the campaign for the liberation of the Philippines, was waged to secure the western shore of Manila Bay to enable the use of its harbor and open new supply lines for American troops engaged in the crucial battle for the liberation of Manila.

The Bataan peninsula's recapture also avenged the surrender of the US Army Luzon Force to invading Japanese forces on 9 April 1942.

Aubrey Newman
Aubrey Strode Newman (1903–1994) was a United States Army major general with 34 years of service. During World War II, Newman commanded the 34th Infantry Regiment of the 24th Infantry Division during the Philippines Campaign. His cry of "Follow Me!" at Leyte rallied his troops and inspired American infantrymen for decades. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), the nation's second-highest award for valor in combat, for extraordinary heroism during this battle.
John Philip Kemble
John Philip Kemble (1 February 1757 – 26 February 1823) was a British actor. He was born into a theatrical family as the eldest son of Roger Kemble, actor-manager of a touring troupe. His elder sister Sarah Siddons achieved fame with him on the stage of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. His other siblings, Charles Kemble, Stephen Kemble, Ann Hatton, and Elizabeth Whitlock, also enjoyed success on the stage.

Elizabeth Whitlock
Elizabeth Whitlock (née Kemble; 2 April 1761, Warrington, Lancashire – 27 February 1836, Addlestone) was an English actress, a member of the Kemble family of actors.  She made her first appearance on the stage in 1783. In 1785 she married Charles E. Whitlock, went with him to America, and played with much success there. She seems to have retired about 1807. Her sister was actress Sarah Siddons.
Condensation lemma
In set theory, a branch of mathematics, the condensation lemma is a result about sets in the
constructible universe.

It states that if X is a transitive set and is an elementary submodel of some level of the constructible hierarchy Lα, that is, , then in fact there is some ordinal  such that .

More can be said: If X is not transitive, then its transitive collapse is equal to some , and the hypothesis of elementarity can be weakened to elementarity only for formulas which are  in the Lévy hierarchy.  Also, Devlin showed the assumption that X is transitive automatically holds when .

The lemma was formulated and proved by Kurt Gödel in his proof that the axiom of constructibility implies GCH.

Axiom of constructibility
The axiom of constructibility is a possible axiom for set theory in mathematics that asserts that every set is constructible. The axiom is usually written as V = L, where V represents the von Neumann universe of all well-founded sets, and L represents the constructible sets. In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF), the property of being constructible is expressible as a single formula , and every set is in V, so the axiom can be written in the language of ZF in the form .

The axiom of constructibility, first investigated by Kurt Gödel, is inconsistent with the proposition that zero sharp exists and stronger large cardinal axioms (see list of large cardinal properties). Generalizations of this axiom are explored in inner model theory.
Indigenous peoples in Guatemala
Indigenous peoples in the country of Guatemala (Spanish: Pueblos Indígenas en Guatemala), also known as Native Guatemalans (Spanish: Guatemaltecos nativos), are the original inhabitants of Guatemala, predating Spanish colonization.

Guatemala is home to about 6.5 million (43.75%) people of Indigenous heritage belonging to the 22 Mayan peoples (Achi’, Akatec, Awakatec, Chalchitec, Ch’ortí, Chuj, Itzá, Ixil, Jacaltec, Kaq- chikel, K’iche, Mam, Mopan, Poqomam, Poqomchí, Q’anjob’al, Q’eqchí, Sakapultec, Sipakapense, Tektitek, Tz’utujil and Us- pantek), Garífuna and Xinca. The Maya are the largest Indigenous population in Guatemala.

Poqomchiʼ people
The Poqomchiʼ are a Maya people in Guatemala. Their indigenous language is also called Poqomchiʼ, and is related to the Quichean–Poqom branch. Poqomchí is spoken in Baja Verapaz (Purulhá) and in Alta Verapaz: Santa Cruz Verapaz, San Cristóbal Verapaz, Tactic, Tamahú and Tucurú. It is also spoken in Chicamán (El Quiché).
Deaths in October 2022
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2022.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Salem Municipality
Salem Municipality (Swedish: Salems kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The name traces its origins from Slæm in the 13th century, but was changed to Salem in the 17th century, inspired by the Biblical name of Jerusalem. Its seat is located in Salem.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.