hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geology of Pakistan
The geology of Pakistan encompasses the varied landscapes that make up the land constituting modern-day Pakistan, which are a blend of its geological history, and its climate over the past few million years.

The Geological Survey of Pakistan is the premier agency responsible for studying the country's geology.

Indian plate
The Indian plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Indian Ocean. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, the Indian plate broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana 100 million years ago and began moving north, carrying Insular India (Now called South Asia) with it. It was once fused with the adjacent Australian plate to form a single Indo-Australian plate, but recent studies suggest that India and Australia may have been separate plates for at least 3 million years. The Indian plate includes most of modern South Asia (the Indian subcontinent) and a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of Tibet, Sumatra, and extending up to but not including Ladakh, Kohistan, and Balochistan in Pakistan.
1121 Natascha
1121 Natascha (prov. designation: 1928 RZ) is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 11 September 1928, by Soviet astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The presumed S-type asteroid has rotation period of 13.2 hours and measures approximately 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) in diameter. It was named for Natasha Tichomirova, daughter of astronomer Grigory Neujmin.

Pelageya Shajn
Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn, née Sannikova (Пелагея Фёдоровна Шайн) (22 September 1894 – 27 August 1956), was a Russian astronomer in the Soviet Union, and the first woman credited with the discovery of a minor planet, at the Simeiz Observatory in 1928. Pelageya also discovered numerous variable stars and co-discovered the periodic, Jupiter-family comet 61P/Shajn–Schaldach. She was married to prominent Soviet astronomer Grigory Shajn.
Myra Vale, New South Wales
Myra Vale is a small village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire.

The population is about 500 including the villages of Avoca and Fitzroy Falls.

34°38′55″S 150°30′55″E﻿ / ﻿34.64861°S 150.51528°E﻿ / -34.64861; 150.51528

Avoca, New South Wales
Avoca (/əˈvoʊkə/) is a small town in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire.

Situated 700 m above sea level, Avoca is just 15 minutes drive from bigger towns such as Bowral and Moss Vale and around 25 minutes drive to Mittagong. The village includes a public school, with around 7 students, an events hall (Avoca Hall) and a NSW RFS brigade, although it is situated further away from the main centre of the village. Avoca is situated on the main Sheepwash Road. The village also includes several dairy farms, which provide milk to many larger companies such as Pura Milk and Dairy Farmers.
Richard Clifford
Richard Clifford (died 1421) was a Bishop of London who had previously been Bishop of Worcester, Bishop-elect of Bath and Wells, and Lord Privy Seal.

Clifford's brother was the politician Robert Clifford, who was member of parliament (MP) first for Northumberland and later for Kent.

Clifford was appointed Lord Privy Seal on 14 November 1397 and resigned on 4 November 1401. He was Keeper of the Great Wardrobe from 1390 to 1398.

Clifford was elected to the see of Bath and Wells on 12 May 1400, but not consecrated, as he was instead translated to the see of Worcester. Clifford was elected to the see of Worcester on 19 August 1401 and consecrated on 9 October 1401.

Clifford was translated to the see of London on 22 June 1407. He planned to found a college of the University of Oxford which he intended to name London College. However, he died on 20 August 1421 and his plan did not survive him.

Bishop of Bath and Wells
The bishop of Bath and Wells is the diocesean bishop of the diocese of Bath and Wells in the Church of England. The bishop's seat, or cathedra, is at the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells. The diocese covers most of Somerset and a small part of Dorset.

From 1090 until the Reformation the Abbey Church of St Peter and Paul in the city of Bath was also a cathedral of the diocese, and the double name has been retained. The bishop has the right, together with the bishop of Durham, to escort the sovereign at the coronation. The bishop's residence is the Bishop's Palace, Wells.
2011 Individual Speedway European Championship
The 2011 Individual European Championship was the 11th UEM Individual Speedway European Championship season. The final took place on 24 September 2011 in at the Rivenenskyy Mototrek in Rivne, Ukraine. The defending champion was Sebastian Ułamek from Poland.

Individual Speedway European Championship
The Individual Speedway European Championship is an annual individual speedway event organized by the European Motorcycle Union (UEM) to determine the champion of Europe. The competition was founded in 2001 and was initially staged as a one-off meeting before the single event was replaced by the Speedway European Championship series in 2012.
Milyake
Milyake (Russian: Миляке; Yakut: Мэлэкэ, Meleke) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tyubyay-Zharkhansky Rural Okrug of Suntarsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 190 kilometers (120 mi) from Suntar, the administrative center of the district and 78 kilometers (48 mi) from Arylakh, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 3.

Suntar (rural locality)
Suntar (Russian: Сунта́р; Yakut: Сунтаар, Suntaar) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Suntarsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Vilyuy River. Population:  10,034 (2010 Census); 8,930 (2002 Census); 6,707 (1989 Soviet census).
Donald Ramphadi
Donald Ramphadi (born 10 June 1993), nicknamed Dona, is a South African wheelchair tennis player who plays in the sport's quad division. Ramphadi, alongside partner Andy Lapthorne, is the 2023 French Open quad wheelchair doubles champion. Ramphadi has also been the runner-up in numerous quad wheelchair doubles grand slam events, with frequent partners including Lapthorne, Lucas Sithole, and Koji Sugeno. Ramphadi and Sithole won bronze in the quad doubles wheelchair tennis event at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games, which was the African continent's first-ever wheelchair tennis medal.

Koji Sugeno
Koji Sugeno (Japanese: 菅野 浩二, born 24 August 1981) is a Japanese wheelchair tennis player. At the 2020 Summer Paralympics, he and Mitsuteru Moroishi won bronze medals for Japan in the quad doubles event. Sugeno also finished 4th in the quad singles event. He was born in Ageo and resides in Tokyo.
Mouriez
Mouriez (French pronunciation: [muʁje]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. in the south of the department, with a surface area of 1,572 hectares between the Canche and Authie valleys, in the southern foothills of the Artois hills. Mouriez is 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer.

The village is located at the bottom of a dry valley with a depth varying from 40 to 60 meters and incising an interfluvial plateau.

In addition to the village, the village is composed of three hamlets, two of which are located on the surrounding plateau: Bamières (to the east), and Lambus (to the north) near the national road 39 (RN 39). The hamlet of Rachinette (to the southeast) is nestled in the bottom of the vaux Roux and the Goulaffre.

Montreuil-sur-Mer
Montreuil-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tʁœj syʁ mɛʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Montreuil on Sea'; Picard: Montreu-su-Mér or Montreul-su-Mér; Dutch: Monsterole) is a subprefecture in the Pas-de-Calais Department in northern France. Though commonly called by this name since at least the twelfth century, it was legally known as Montreuil until 31 December 2022. It is located on the Canche river, not far from Étaples. The sea, however, is now some distance away. Montreuil-sur-Mer station has rail connections to Arras and Étaples.
Neuwied Zoo
The Neuwied Zoo (German: Zoo Neuwied) is a zoo located on the edge of the town of Neuwied, Rhineland-Palatinate. It borders the Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park. In 2007, the zoo had over 270,000 visitors.

Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park
50°32′48″N 7°25′46″E﻿ / ﻿50.546599°N 7.429504°E﻿ / 50.546599; 7.429504

The Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park (German: Naturpark Rhein-Westerwald) is a nature park in Germany that covers an area of around 470 km2 to the east of the River Rhine and in the north of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate between Neuwied and Unkel. It extends from the Rhine over its eastern bank terraces up to the first hill ridge of the Lower Westerwald. The Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park is over 60 years old, making it one of the oldest in Germany. It was founded in 1962 and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2012. Its legal owner is the society of Naturpark Rhein-Westerwald.
Suresh Kumar Khanna
Suresh Kumar Khanna (born 6 May 1953) is an Indian politician and a member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly in India. Currently he is serving as Cabinet Minister for Finance, Parliamentary affairs Departments in Yogi Adityanath ministry. He represents the Shahjahanpur constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janta Party political party. He has won 9 times MLA election consecutively in his constituency.

Second Yogi Adityanath ministry
The Second ministry of Yogi Adityanath is the council of ministers in headed by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, which was formed after 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election which was held in seven phases during February and March in the state. The results were declared on 10 March and this led to formation of 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The swearing-in ceremony was held at BRSABV Ekana International Cricket stadium, Gomti Nagar Extension in Lucknow. The heads of all the big Indian and NDA lead states along with the big businessmen including many celebrities were invited in the ceremony. The Governor administered the oath of office to 53 ministers (Chief Minister, 2 Deputy Chief Ministers, 16 Cabinet Ministers, 14 MoS Ind Charge and 20 MoS).
Noailhac, Tarn
Noailhac (French pronunciation: [nɔajak]; Occitan: Noalhac) is a French commune located in the south-east of the Tarn department, in the Occitanie region. Historically and culturally, the commune is in the Castrais region, a primarily agricultural area, between the right bank of the Agout to the south and its tributary, the Dadou, to the north.

Exposed to an altered oceanic climate, it is drained by the Durenque, the Durencuse, and various other small rivers. The commune boasts a remarkable natural heritage, comprising three natural areas of ecological, faunal, and floral interest.

Noailhac is a rural commune with a population of 835 in 2022. It is part of the Castres catchment area. Its inhabitants are called Noailhacois or Noailhacoises.

Castres
Castres (French: [kastʁ] ⓘ; Castras in the Languedocian dialect of Occitan) is the sole subprefecture of the Tarn department in the Occitanie region in Southern France. It lies in the former province of Languedoc, although not in the former region of Languedoc-Roussillon. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 42,505.

Castres is the fourth-largest industrial centre of the predominantly rural former Midi-Pyrénées region after Toulouse, Tarbes and Albi, as well as the largest in the part of Languedoc lying between Toulouse and Montpellier. It is noted for being the birthplace of the famous socialist leader Jean Jaurès (1859–1914) and home to the important Goya Museum of Spanish painting.
Jon Westborg
Jon Westborg (born 13 July 1946) is a Norwegian diplomat.

He holds a Master of Philosophy degree from the Cranfield School of Management. Before becoming a diplomat he worked in the Lutheran World Federation, Save the Children Norway, the Strømme Foundation (as secretary-general) and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. From 1996 to 2003 he served as the Norwegian ambassador to Sri Lanka, and from 2003 as the Norwegian ambassador to India. In 2007 Ann Ollestad took over.

In 1999 he was decorated as a Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit.

Ann Ollestad
Ann Ollestad (born 3 August 1952) is a Norwegian diplomat and the country's ambassador to Myanmar from 2013 until 2016.

Born in Oslo, she graduated as cand.polit. in 1983. She then mainly worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including posts in Paris, Bonn and Geneva.

In 2000, she was appointed deputy under-secretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She held this position until 2007, when she was appointed Norwegian ambassador to India. Before the year ended, her ambassadorship was extended to Bhutan.

In 2013, she was appointed ambassador of the newly opened Norwegian embassy in Yangon.
Otjiwarongo Constituency
Otjiwarongo Constituency is an electoral constituency in the Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia. It had 22,614 inhabitants in 2004 and 22,931 registered voters in 2020. The constituency consists of the town of Otjiwarongo and the surrounding rural area. The only other proclaimed settlement in the constituency is Kalkfeld.

Popular Democratic Movement
The Popular Democratic Movement (PDM), formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), is an amalgamation of political parties in Namibia, registered as one singular party for representation purposes. In coalition with the United Democratic Front, it formed the official opposition in Parliament until the parliamentary elections in 2009. The party currently holds five seats in the Namibian National Assembly and one seat in the Namibian National Council. Further, the PDM has lost its status as the official opposition party, taking the fourth place. McHenry Venaani is the President of the PDM.

The PDM is an associate member of the International Democracy Union, a transnational grouping of national political parties generally identified with political conservatism, and a member of the Democracy Union of Africa, which was re-launched in Accra, Ghana in February 2019. The President of the party, McHenry Venaani, is the current chairperson of the Democrat Union of Africa.
Vasanti N. Bhat-Nayak
Vasanti N. Bhat-Nayak (10 June 1938 – 12 February 2009) was a mathematician whose research concerned balanced incomplete block designs, bivariegated graphs, graceful graphs, graph equations and frequency partitions.
She earned a Ph.D. from the University of Mumbai in 1970 with the dissertation Some New Results in PBIBD Designs and Combinatorics. S. S. Shrikhande was her advisor.

After completing her doctorate, she remained on the faculty at the university, and eventually served as department head. She had 44 publications in the field of Combinatorics.

University of Mumbai
University of Mumbai is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.

It was established in 1857 as the University of Bombay following a dispatch from Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, to Governor-General Lord Dalhousie. There are courses available covering science, commerce and the arts.
Edward Bevan (bishop)
Edward Latham Bevan (27 October 1861 – 2 February 1934) was a Welsh churchman, the inaugural Bishop of Swansea and Brecon from 1923 until his death, having previously been the final suffragan Bishop of Swansea.

Bishop of Swansea
The Bishop of Swansea was an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Diocese of St Davids, in the Church of England Province of Canterbury until 1920 and then in the Church in Wales.It took its name after the town of Swansea, then in Glamorganshire; since the erection of the Diocese of Swansea and Brecon in 1923, the title has been united to the diocesan Bishop of Swansea and Brecon.
Obama ladislavii
Obama ladislavii is a species of Brazilian land planarian in the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is one of the most common land planarians in human-disturbed environments in southern Brazil and is easily identifiable by the green color of its dorsum.

Geoplaninae
Geoplaninae is a subfamily of land planarians endemic to the Neotropical region. Members of this family are sometimes referred to as the Neotropical land planarians. However, one species, Obama nungara has been introduced in Europe.
Gangadhar National Award For Poetry
Gangadhar National Award For Poetry is a literary award given in the field of literature for poetry by Sambalpur University. It is named after Gangadhar Meher. First award was given to Ali Sardar Jafri in the year 1991. 33 poets have been awarded on various Indian languages until now.

Sambalpur University
Sambalpur University is a public research university located in Burla town, of district Sambalpur, India, in the state of Odisha. Popularly known as Jyoti Vihar, it offers courses at the undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral (Ph.D.) levels. The governor of Odisha is the chancellor of the university. The campus is located 15 km away from Sambalpur.
Occupational epidemiology
Occupational epidemiology is a subdiscipline of epidemiology that focuses on investigations of workers and the workplace. Occupational epidemiologic studies examine health outcomes among workers, and their potential association with conditions in the workplace including noise, chemicals, heat, or radiation, or work organization such as schedules.

The need for evidence to inform occupational safety regulations, workers' compensation programs, and safety legislation motivated the development of public health policy, occupational epidemiology methods, and surveillance mechanisms.  Occupational epidemiological research can inform risk assessments; development of standards and other risk management activities; and estimates of the co-benefits and co-harms of policies designed to reduce risk factors or conditions that can affect human health. Occupational epidemiology methods are common to methods used in environmental epidemiology.

Disease cluster
A disease cluster is an unusually large aggregation of a relatively uncommon disease (medical condition) or event within a particular geographical location or period. Recognition of a cluster depends on its size being greater than would be expected by chance. Identification of a suspected disease cluster may initially depend on anecdotal evidence. Epidemiologists and biostatisticians then assess whether the suspected cluster corresponds to an actual increase of disease in the area. Typically, when clusters are recognized, they are reported to public health departments in the local area. If clusters are of sufficient size and importance, they may be re-evaluated as outbreaks.

John Snow's pioneering investigation of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho, London, is seen as a classic example of the study of such a cluster.
Newton Heath TMD
Newton Heath TMD is a traction maintenance depot in Newton Heath, Manchester, England, at the junction of the Calder Valley Line and the former Oldham Loop Line 2+1⁄4 mi (3.6 km) east of Manchester Victoria station.

Calder Valley line
The Calder Valley line (also previously known as the Caldervale line) is a railway route in Northern England between the cities of Leeds and Manchester as well as the seaside resort of Blackpool. It is the slower of the two main rail routes between Leeds and Manchester (the other being the Huddersfield line), and the northernmost of the three main trans-Pennine routes.
Battle of Baguio
The Battle of Baguio (Filipino: Labanan sa Baguio; Ilocano: Gubat ti Baguio) occurred between 21 February and 26 April 1945 and was part of the greater Luzon campaign during the Allied liberation of the Philippines at the end of World War II. During the battle, American and Philippine forces recaptured the city of Baguio on the island of Luzon from a Japanese occupation force. One of the last tank engagements of the Philippine campaign took place during the battle. Baguio later became the scene of the final surrender of Japanese forces in the Philippines in September 1945.

Fourteenth Area Army
The Fourteenth Area Army (第14方面軍, Dai-jyūyon hōmen gun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II. It was originally the 14th Army, formed on November 6, 1941, for the upcoming invasion of the Philippines. It was reorganized in the Philippines on July 28, 1944, when American landings were considered imminent. The Fourteenth Area Army was formed by reinforcing and renaming the Fourteenth Army (第14軍, Dai-jyūyon gun). (An IJA "area army" was equivalent to a field army in other militaries, while an IJA "army" was a smaller, corps-level formation.)
Flute Summit (British Columbia)
Flute Summit is a flat-topped summit in the Fitzsimmons Range of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Pacific Ranges in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the north side of Cheakamus Lake just southeast of the town of Whistler in Garibaldi Provincial Park. The mountain is part of a group of hills called the Musical Bumps.

Cheakamus Lake
Cheakamus Lake is a lake in Garibaldi Provincial Park on the southeastern outskirts of the resort municipality of Whistler, British Columbia. It has an area of 5.7 km2 (2.2 mi2).  It is an expansion of the upper Cheakamus River, with the river entering it at its east end and exiting at the west end.

In 2005, 40,000 litres of sodium hydroxide were spilled into the Cheakamus River, well downstream of the lake, as a result of a CN train derailment.
Salmon fly patterns
Salmon fly patterns (not to be confused with flies for Atlantic Salmon) are an important collection of artificial flies used by fly anglers to imitate nymphal and adult forms of Pteronarcys californica a giant stonefly or salmon fly.  Salmon flies are common in high gradient, freestone rivers and streams from Western Canada throughout the Western U.S. to Mexico in the Rocky Mountains and coastal mountain ranges.  Nymphs live for three to five years before adult emergence which typically occurs in late Spring or early summer. The long lifespan of the nymphal form provides year-round angling opportunities for fly anglers.

Fully dressed flies
Fully dressed flies are elaborate and colorful artificial flies used in fly fishing. The most famous of these are the classic salmon flies, which are exquisite patterns made from mostly rare and beautiful materials and feathers, including golden pheasants, toucans, swans, and ivory-billed woodpeckers.  These flies have been popular in the United Kingdom since the 19th century. Fully dressed flies are often meant for display and are not used in actual fishing.  Many patterns are expensive to tie because of the cost of rare feathers.
Assessor randalli
Assessor randalli, Randall's assessor or Randall's devilfish, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Plesiopidae, the longfins or roundheads. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean, mainly in the seas around Japan and Taiwan. It is a similar species to Assessor macneilli but it is slightly brighter in colour and has more rounded rounder fins which have with yellow markings, there are also yellow markings on its body. They are associated with crevices and gullies in reefs, where they hover at the entrances to caves and holes. They are mouthbrooders, the male guards the eggs by keeping them in his mouth until they hatch. They are rare in the Aquarium trade but have been bred in captivity.

Assessor macneilli
Assessor macneilli, the blue devilfish or blue scissortail, is a fish from the southwest Pacific Ocean. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to  6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length. It is purple-blue with long fins.