hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 6293
NGC 6293 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Ophiuchus. Its Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is IV. It was discovered by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift on 8 July 1885. Like many other globular clusters, its distance is not well known; it may be anywhere from 31000 to 52000 light-years away from Earth.

Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.
Radical flank effect
The radical flank effect refers to the positive or negative effects that radical activists for a cause have on more moderate activists for the same cause.

According to Riley Dunlap, the idea of a radical flank effect "has a lot of credibility among social-movement scholars".

Congress of Racial Equality
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the civil rights movement. Founded in 1942, its stated mission is "to bring about equality for all people regardless of race, creed, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnic background." To combat discriminatory policies regarding interstate travel, CORE participated in Freedom Rides as college students boarded Greyhound Buses headed for the Deep South. As the influence of the organization grew, so did the number of chapters, eventually expanding all over the country. Under the leadership of Roy Innis from 1968 to his death in 2006, the group moved to the political right and markedly declined in prominence.
FC-75
FC-75 is a fluorocarbon derivative of tetrahydrofuran with the chemical formula C8F16O. It is practically insoluble in water.

It is one of the 3M Fluorinert fluids. It is used as an inert coolant fluid in electronics and other applications, and as a solvent. FC-75 can be synthesized by the same electrochemical fluorination process used to produce PFOA. However, other perfluorinated ether isomers will also result.

H(CH2)7COCl + HF → H(CH2)7COF + C7H16 + 2C8F16O + HCl + H2

A similar fluorocarbon-based coolant and solvent is perfluorohexane.

Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether.  It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity.  It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers.  Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, butanone.
Kadenacy effect
The Kadenacy effect is an effect of pressure-waves in gases. It is named after Michel Kadenacy who obtained a French patent for an engine utilizing the effect in 1933. There are also European and US patents. In simple terms, the momentum of the exhaust gas leaving the cylinder of an internal combustion engine creates a pressure-drop in the cylinder which assists the flow of a fresh charge of air, or fuel-air mixture, into the cylinder. The effect can be maximized by careful design of the inlet and exhaust passages.

Cylinder (engine)
In an engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels.

The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block. A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings, which also provide seals for compression and the lubricating oil. The piston rings do not actually touch the cylinder walls, instead they ride on a thin layer of lubricating oil.
Tax bracket
Tax brackets are the divisions at which tax rates change in a progressive tax system (or an explicitly regressive tax system, though that is rarer). Essentially, tax brackets are the cutoff values for taxable income—income past a certain point is taxed at a higher rate.

Regressive tax
A regressive tax is a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases. "Regressive" describes a distribution effect on income or expenditure, referring to the way the rate progresses from high to low, so that the average tax rate exceeds the marginal tax rate.

The regressivity of a particular tax can also factor the propensity of the taxpayers to engage in the taxed activity relative to their resources (the demographics of the tax base). In other words, if the activity being taxed is more likely to be carried out by the poor and less likely to be carried out by the rich, the tax may be considered regressive. To measure the effect, the income elasticity of the good being taxed as well as the income effect on consumption must be considered. The measure can be applied to individual taxes or to a tax system as a whole; a year, multi-year, or lifetime.
Narrow-gauge railways in Germany
A number of narrow-gauge lines survive, largely as a consequence of German reunification, in the former East Germany where some of them form part of the public transport system as active commercial carriers. Most extensive of those still employing steam traction is the Harz mountain group of metre-gauge lines, the Harzer Schmalspurbahnen. Other notable lines are the Zittau–Oybin–Jonsdorf line in Saxony, the Mollibahn and the Rügensche Kleinbahn on the Isle of Rügen on the Baltic coast and the Radebeul-Radeburg line, Weisseritztalbahn in the suburbs of Dresden. Although most rely on the tourist trade, in some areas they provide significant employment as steam traction is particularly labour-intensive.

In the Western part of Germany, Selfkantbahn (close to Heinsberg near Aachen) and Brohltalbahn (Linz/Rhine) are the best known ones, offering services in summer weekends.

Dampf-Kleinbahn Mühlenstroth
The Dampf-Kleinbahn Mühlenstroth (DKBM) is a voluntarily run 600mm narrow gauge steam railway in Gütersloh, Germany.
The railway was opened in 1973 to be able to present the corresponding associations collection of vintage narrow gauge railway vehicles to the public. 
It consists of approximately 1.5 km of track that is set up to allow different types of operations.
Lang–Gu dispute
The Lang–Gu dispute (Chinese: 郎顾之争; pinyin: Láng–Gù zhī zhēng) was a dispute in China about the privatization process adopted during Deng Xiaoping's reforms. New Left academic Larry Lang (郎咸平), a critic of the reforms, accused a private entrepreneur, Gu Chujun (顾雏军), of having usurped state assets. Gu was later imprisoned in January 2008. This incidence had a short-term effect on the Chinese government, who halted privatizations after the debate. Generally, Chinese academic has reservation about this debate.

Larry Hsien Ping Lang
Larry Hsien Ping Lang (Chinese: 郎咸平; pinyin: Láng Xiánpíng; Wade–Giles: Lang Hsien-p'ing) (a.k.a. Larry Lang, Larry H.P. Lang, Lang Xianping, and Lang Hsien-ping) (born 1956) is a Taiwanese economist, commentator, author and TV host in China.

Lang has become a famous and controversial figure in China in recent years:

Since 2002, Lang has risen to his fame by "scolding".  From D'Long to Haier, from TCL to Greencool, those scolded by him were all well-known large enterprises.  People who hate him call him a "Rogue Professor", whereas those who like him say he dares to speak the truth.
Police armored vehicle
A police armored vehicle, also referred to as a police rescue vehicle, armored rescue vehicle, tactical police vehicle, or SWAT vehicle, is a non-military armored vehicle used by police, primarily police tactical units and riot police, to respond to incidents that necessitate their use. They are most often in configurations similar to military light utility vehicles, infantry mobility vehicles, or armoured personnel carriers. They are generally designed to have armor that can sufficiently block high-caliber rounds, space to carry the unit's equipment, and sufficient passenger seating; some also allow for additional personnel to hang onto the side of the vehicle in transit.

Riot Police Unit
Riot Police Unit (機動隊, Kidō-tai) are the rapid reaction forces of Japanese prefectural police. These units are not only riot police, but a type of emergency service unit to maintain public order against large civil disorder, disaster response, or other emergency situations as the key units of Japanese law enforcement for crisis management. They are operated by prefectural police headquarters (PPH) under the supervision of the Security Bureau of the National Police Agency (NPA).
5-Hydroxyuracil
5-Hydroxyuracil is an oxidized form of cytosine that is produced by the oxidative deamination of cytosines by reactive oxygen species. It does not distort the DNA molecule and is bypassed by replicative DNA polymerases. It can miscode for adenine and is potentially mutagenic.

Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine.  In Watson–Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.
Glinë, Dropull
Glinë (Albanian definite form: Glina; Greek: Γλύνα, romanized: Glyna) is a settlement in the former Dropull i Poshtëm municipality, Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Dropull. It is within the larger Dropull region.

Dropull
Dropull (Albanian definite form: Dropulli; Greek: Δρόπολη or Δερόπολη Dropoli or Deropoli) is a municipality in Gjirokastër County, in southern Albania. The region stretches from south of the city of Gjirokastër to the Greek–Albanian border, along the Drino river. The region's villages are part of the Greek "minority zone" recognized by the Albanian government, in which majorities of Greeks live.

The municipality Dropull was created in 2015 by the merger of the former municipalities Dropull i Poshtëm, Dropull i Sipërm and Pogon. The seat of the municipality is the village Sofratikë. According to the 2011 census the total population is 3,503; according to the civil registry of that year, which counts all citizens including those who live abroad, it is 23,247. The municipality covers an area of 448.45 km2 (173.15 sq mi).
Telecom Advisory Committee
Telecom Advisory Committee (TAC) is a high level Indian government body made up of members of parliament and other members nominated by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology to address issues concerning telecommunication in India. Looked upon as a privileged panel, the Telecom Advisory Committees, constituted by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India) of the Government of India to serve as a vital feedback mechanism for improvement of services in the Telecommunications sector by the  Department of Telecommunications.

BSNL
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (commonly known as BSNL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking, under the ownership of Department of Telecommunications. It was established on 1st October 2000 by the Government of India. It provides mobile voice and internet services through its nationwide telecommunications network across India. It is the largest government-owned-wireless telecommunications service provider in India.
Goemon (film)
Goemon (五右衛門, Goemon) is a 2009 Japanese action film written and directed by Kazuaki Kiriya. It is loosely based on the story of Ishikawa Goemon, a legendary outlaw hero who stole valuables from the rich and gave them to the poor. The film is a fictional account of Goemon's exploits and his role during the final phase of Sengoku period, particularly the period leading up to the decisive Battle of Sekigahara. Like Kiriya's previous film, Casshern, Goemon was filmed on a digital backlot, and made use of over 2,500 visual effects.

Goemon was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Funimation on April 19, 2011, and features an English dubbed audio track.

Casshern (film)
Casshern (キャシャーン, Kyashān) is a 2004 Japanese tokusatsu superhero film adaptation of the anime series of the same name, written, directed, shot and edited by Kazuaki Kiriya. It is one of the few films released in the mid-2000s to be shot entirely on a "digital backlot".
Marathi-Konkani languages
The Marathi—Konkani languages are the mainland Southern Indo-Aryan languages, spoken in Maharashtra and the Konkan region of India. The other branch of Southern Indo-Aryan languages is called Insular Indic languages, which are spoken in Insular South Asia (predominantly the island countries, Sri Lanka and Maldives).

Koli people
The Koli people are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities; but during World War I, Kolis were recognised as a martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.

The Kolis form the largest caste cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states, respectively.
1986 Scottish Masters
The 1986 Langs Supreme Scottish Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 18 and 21 September 1986 at the Hospitality Inn in Glasgow, Scotland.

Cliff Thorburn retained the title by defeating Alex Higgins 9–8 in the final. At the same match, Higgins won £1,000 for the highest break of the championship with 131, which was made in the final.

The event was played at the same time as the Matchroom Professional Championship which involved six players from the Matchroom Sport stable, including Steve Davis.

Scottish Masters
The Scottish Masters, often known by its sponsored names, the Lang's Scottish Masters or the Regal Scottish Masters, was a non-ranking professional snooker tournament held every year from 1981 until 2002, with the exception of 1988.

The tournament was invitational and held in various locations in Scotland, including the Hospitality Inn and the Thistle Hotel (both in Glasgow) and the Motherwell Civic Centre. Following the ban on tobacco advertising, the tournament was unable to find a new sponsor and it was abandoned. It was won three times apiece by Steve Davis, Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan.

A qualifying event was held for the first time in 1995 to select a replacement player for James Wattana who withdrew before the tournament. The event became a fixture from 1997 onwards, with Matthew Stevens becoming the only qualifier to win the main tournament in 1999.
Kallum
Kallum is a residential area in the city of Moss, Østfold, Norway. Although located in the neighboring municipality to the south, Rygge, it is a part of the urban area Moss. The part of the Moss urban area that stretches into Rygge has a population of 7,257.

Rygge
Rygge was a municipality in Østfold county, Norway.  It was merged into Moss municipality on 1 January 2020. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rygge.  Rygge was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

The emblem of Rygge is the Pasque flower.  Rygge is connected to Oslo by double-tracked railway, and four-lane freeway.

Rygge was served by Moss Airport, which has not been operational since 2016.
David Adams (Australian politician)
David Adams (30 October 1930 – 16 January 2021) was an Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly for Canberra from 1982 to 1986, and unsuccessfully attempted to enter the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in 1989 as a National Party member. Adams died on 16 January 2021, at the age of 90.

Canberra Liberals
The Canberra Liberals, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Australian Capital Territory Division), is the division of the Liberal Party of Australia in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The party has been in opposition in the ACT Legislative Assembly for much of its existence, but held power with the support of minor parties and independents between 1989 and 1991 and again between 1995 and 2001. As of 2025, it is the only state or territory division of either major party to be unrepresented in the federal parliament.
FC Kolkheti Khobi
FC Kolkheti Khobi (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი კოლხეთი ხობი) is a Georgian association football club based in the town of Khobi. They compete in Liga 3, the third tier of Georgian football.

The club has spent four seasons in the top division.

Erovnuli Liga 2
The Georgian Erovnuli Liga 2 (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა 2; lit. 'National League 2'), organized since 1990 by the GFF, serves as the second division of professional football in Georgia.

The league was introduced for the 2017 season under the current name as a part of reorganization process of the entire league system. It was formerly known as Pirveli liga (the First league).
Sacha Bennett
Sacha Bennett (born 11 May 1971) is a British actor, writer, producer and director for film and television. As a film-maker he has worked with talent such as Bob Hoskins, Jenny Agutter and Steven Berkoff. He has created films for Hollywood Studios and Independent Distributors, from action-thrillers to Shakespeare adaptations.
He was born in Harpenden, Hertfordshire where he attended St. George's School. He now resides in West Hampstead, London.

Steven Berkoff
Steven Berkoff (born Leslie Steven Berks; 3 August 1937) is an English actor, author, playwright, theatre practitioner and theatre director.

As a theatre maker he is recognised for staging work with a heightened performance style known as "Berkovian theatre", which combines elements of physical theatre, total theatre and expressionism. His work has sometimes been viewed as an example of in-yer-face theatre, due to the intense presentation and taboo-breaking material in a number of his plays.

As a screen actor, he is known for his performances in villainous roles, including the portrayals of General Orlov in the James Bond film Octopussy (1983), Victor Maitland in Beverly Hills Cop (1984), Lt. Col. Podovsky in Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) and Adolf Hitler in War and Remembrance (1988–89).
ShadowPlay
ShadowPlay is a puzzle game developed and published by Canadian studio Deep Fried Entertainment exclusively for WiiWare on the Wii video game console. The shadow puppetry-inspired game play focuses on manipulating and combining the shadows of objects in order to create a larger shadow that resembles a particular thing, specifically animals, items, and symbols.

The game was released on the Wii Shop Channel in North America on January 11, 2010, and is one of the first WiiWare games to utilize the Wii MotionPlus accessory.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
LCHN
LCHN is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1147 gene (NCBI Gene ID 57189) located on chromosome 7. It is likely part of the tripartite DENN domain family of proteins that often function as Rab-GEFs to regulate vesicular trafficking. Both the mRNA and protein have been shown to be upregulated following ischemic stroke, and to be produced at altered levels in patients with FTD-ALS, however the gene's contribution to these states is not well understood.

CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. CpG sites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands. CpGs are the common unit of methylation because their information is double stranded (the GpC complement is also methylated). This allows methylation information to be preserved during cell division.

Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated to form 5-methylcytosines. Enzymes that add a methyl group are called DNA methyltransferases. In mammals, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated. Methylating the cytosine within a gene can change its expression, a mechanism that is part of a larger field of science studying gene regulation that is called epigenetics. Methylated cytosines often mutate to thymines.

In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.
Cotter Tunnel
The Cotter Tunnel is a railroad tunnel located just outside Cotter, Arkansas. It carries the Missouri and Northern Arkansas Railroad under a ridge that U.S. Route 62 (US 62) traverses. The tunnel is 1,034 feet (315 m) in length and is cut through solid rock in a northwest–southeast direction. The southeastern portal has a sprayed concrete finish, while the northeastern portal is unfinished. The White River Division of the Missouri Pacific Railroad built the tunnel in 1903–04, and it was an important transportation link to the area at that time. The rail line continues to be used for active freight service.

The tunnel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

U.S. Route 62 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 62 (US 62) is a U.S. highway running from El Paso, Texas northeast to Niagara Falls, New York. In the U.S. state of Arkansas, the route runs 329.9 miles from the Oklahoma border near Summers east to the Missouri border in St. Francis, serving the northern portion of the state. The route passes through several cities and towns, including Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Harrison, Mountain Home, Pocahontas, and also Piggott. US 62 runs concurrent with several highways in Arkansas including Interstate 49 and U.S. Route 71 between Fayetteville and Bentonville, U.S. Route 412 through much of the state, U.S. Route 65 in the Harrison area, and with U.S. Route 63 and U.S. Route 67 in northeast Arkansas.
Vitaly Goryaev
Vitaly Nikolayevich Goryaev (1 [14] April 1910 – 12 April 1982) was a Soviet and Russian painter, graphic illustrator and caricaturist. He was the People's Artist of the USSR (1981) and winner of the USSR State Prize (1967).

Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
The Medal "For the Victory Over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (Russian: Медаль «За победу над Германией в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.», romanized: Medal' «Za pobedu nad Germaniyey v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne 1941—1945 gg.») was a military decoration of the Soviet Union established on May 9, 1945, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to denote military participation in the victory of the Soviet armed forces over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War.