hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Road signs in Iceland
Road signs in Iceland are visual communication devices placed along roads and highways throughout the country to provide information, warnings, and guidance to motorists and pedestrians. Iceland never ratified the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, but road signs in Iceland conform to the general pattern of those used in most other European countries, with certain design elements borrowed from Danish and Swedish practice. Signs tend to be more sparsely employed than in other European countries, especially in rural areas.

Most road signs in Iceland are not retroreflective, making them harder to see at night.

Road signs in Denmark
Road signs in Denmark are regulated by the Road Traffic Act (Danish: Færdselsloven). The Danish Minister of Transport is responsible for the design and definitions of road signs, and issues executive orders on the subject.: §95 ¶1  The latest executive orders were issued on April 13, 2023.

Denmark signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on November 8, 1968 and ratified it on November 3, 1986. Denmark has ratified the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on road traffic as well.

Road signs are divided into two main categories, which are traffic signs and direction / tourist information signs.
Leipzig–Geithain railway
The Leipzig–Geithain railway is a main line in the German state of Saxony. It runs from Leipzig via Bad Lausick to Geithain. It is part of a long-distance railway from Leipzig to Chemnitz. The line is not electrified and is essentially single track. The only section of double-track is an about 900 m-long section between the Leipzig-Paunsdorf crossover and Leipzig Werkstättenstraße.

Leipzig–Hof railway
The Leipzig–Hof railway is a two-track main line in the German states of Saxony, Thuringia and Bavaria, originally built and operated by the Saxon-Bavarian Railway Company. It runs from Leipzig through Altenburg, the Werdau wye junction, Reichenbach and Plauen to Hof. The Werdau–Hof section is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line (Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale), the line connecting Dresden and Nuremberg. Its first section opened in 1842 and it is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

As a result of the division of Germany after the Second World War, the line lost considerable importance. Even after German reunification in 1989/90, the line has not been able to regain its former importance, especially as government policy gave preference to the extensive upgrade of the parallel Großheringen–Saalfeld railway. The remaining long-distance services ended In 2006.
Pisces in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus described the Pisces as:

Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides the parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure.

Linnaean Characteristics

Heart: 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood

Gills: external

Jaw: incumbent

Penis: (usually) none

Eggs: without whites

Organs of Sense: tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears

Covering: imbricate scales

Supports: fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.

Cornetfish
The cornetfishes or flutemouths are a small family, the Fistulariidae, of extremely elongated fish in the order Syngnathiformes. The family consists of a single genus, Fistularia, with four species, found worldwide in tropical and subtropical marine environments.

Ranging up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length, cornetfishes are as thin and elongated as many eels, but are distinguished by very long snouts, distinct dorsal and anal fins, and  forked caudal fins whose center rays form a lengthy filament. The lateral line is well-developed and extends onto the caudal filament.

Cornetfish are found in tropical and temperate marine waters around the world, in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. They are often found in coastal waters over soft-bottomed areas like coral reefs, sand flats, and seagrass beds, where they feed on small fishes, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.

Cornetfish are of minor interest for fishing, and can be found in local markets within their range.
1984 Tour de Suisse
The 1984 Tour de Suisse was the 48th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 13 June to 22 June 1984. The race started in Urdorf and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Urs Zimmermann of the Cilo–Aufina team.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
Boris Mikhin
Boris Mikhin (Russian: Михин, Борис Александрович, romanized: Mikhin, Boris Aleksandrovich (1881- April 11, 1963) was a Russian and Soviet film director, screenwriter, artist, film producer, one of the founders of the Mosfilm film studio.

In 1909 he graduated from Kharkov University. After various odd jobs he joins the film studio of Aleksandr Khanzhonkov.

In 1926 he was arrested on the accusation of wrecking (sabotage) in film industry,  acquitted, in 1934 arrested again and spend several months in confinement. After that he left film industry.

Aleksandr Khanzhonkov
Aleksandr Alekseevich Khanzhonkov (Russian: Александр Алексеевич Ханжонков, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ xənˈʐonkəf]; 8 August [O.S. 27 July] 1877 — 26 September 1945) was a pioneering Russian cinema entrepreneur, film director and screenwriter. He is known for producing Defence of Sevastopol, Russia's first feature film, as well as Ladislas Starevich's ground-breaking stop motion animation. Most of his career was in Russian Empire.  During 1923-1926 he worked in the Soviet Union, where his career ended with a financial scandal, however his past achievements earned him a personal pension and an apartment from the state.
Lowestoft Lifeboat Station
Lowestoft Lifeboat Station is located at the mouth of Lowestoft's outer harbour, on South Pier in Lowestoft, the most easterly settlement in the UK, and a port town on the coast of Suffolk.

It is one of the oldest lifeboat stations in the United Kingdom, having been established in 1801, although it only operated for just one year. A lifeboat station was re-opened by the Suffolk Humane Society in 1807, with management passing to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1855.

The station currently operates 13-05 Patsy Knight (ON 1312), a Shannon-class All-weather lifeboat, on station since 2014.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Canoe Country Outfitters
Canoe Country Outfitters was formed in 1946 in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW). Bill Rom started the business and then sold it to Bob Olson Sr. (who had already worked there for 25 years) in 1975.  At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. They operate from two locations, one in downtown [
Ely, Minnesota, the other on Moose lake, about 20 miles east of Ely.

Many key CCO personnel became well known in their own right.  Bill Rom was an outspoken activist for the preservation of the BWCAW and also an author.

Their current area of outfitting operations includes all entry points of Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest & Quetico Provincial Park, with a focus on those typically accessed from Ely, Minnesota.

Ely, Minnesota
Ely (/ˈiːli/ EE-lee) is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,268 at the 2020 census.

Located on the Vermilion iron range, Ely once had several iron ore mines. It is an entry point for campers and canoers into the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and Canada's Quetico Provincial Park wilderness area. The International Wolf Center and the North American Bear Center are nearby.

Ely's main street has nature outfitters, outdoor clothing stores, and restaurants. MN 1, MN 169, and County Road 21 (Central Avenue) are Ely's main routes. The city is 16 mi (26 km) south of the Canadian border and is within the Superior National Forest.
Ellisdale Fossil Site
The Ellisdale Fossil Site is located near Ellisdale in the valley of the Crosswicks Creek, in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The site has produced the largest and most diverse fauna of Late Cretaceous terrestrial animals from eastern North America, including the type specimens of the teiid lizard Prototeius stageri and the batrachosauroidid salamander Parrisia neocesariensis. The site occurs within the basal portion of the Marshalltown Formation, and dates from the Campanian Stage of the Late Cretaceous. The site is classified as a Konzentrat-Lagerstätten resulting from a prehistoric coastal storm.

Teiidae
Teiidae is a family of lacertoidean lizards native to the Americas. Members of this family are generally known as whiptails or racerunners; however, tegus also belong to this family. Teiidae is sister to the Gymnopthalmidae, and both families comprise the Teiioidea. The Teiidae includes several parthenogenic species – a mode of clonal reproduction. Presently, the Teiidae consists of approximately 150 species in eighteen genera.
2010 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux
The 2010 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bordeaux, France between May 10 and May 16, 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Heraeus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Heraeus or Heraeeus (Ancient Greek: Ἡραιέα or Ἡραιεὺς) was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He founded the Arcadian town of Heraea.

Lycaon (king of Arcadia)
In Greek mythology, Lycaon (/laɪˈkeɪɒn/; Attic Greek: Λυκάων, romanized: Lukáōn, Attic Greek: [ly.kǎː.ɔːn]) was a king of Arcadia who, in the most popular version of the myth, killed and cooked his son Nyctimus and served him to Zeus, to see whether the god was sufficiently all-knowing to recognize human flesh. Disgusted, Zeus transformed Lycaon into a wolf, while Nyctimus was restored to life.

Despite being notorious for his horrific deeds, Lycaon was also remembered as a culture hero: he was believed to have founded the city Lycosura, to have established a cult of Zeus Lycaeus and to have started the tradition of the Lycaean Games, which Pausanias thinks were older than the Panathenaic Games. According to Gaius Julius Hyginus (d. AD 17), Lycaon dedicated the first temple to Hermes of Cyllene.
Quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

quercetin + O2  2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are quercetin and O2, whereas its three products are 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate, CO, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include quercetinase and flavonol 2,4-oxygenase.  It has two cofactors: iron and copper.

Quercetin
Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods.
Green solvent
Green solvents are environmentally friendly chemical solvents that are used as a part of green chemistry. They came to prominence in 2015, when the UN defined a new sustainability-focused development plan based on 17 sustainable development goals, recognizing the need for green chemistry and green solvents for a more sustainable future. Green solvents are developed as more environmentally friendly solvents, derived from the processing of agricultural crops or otherwise sustainable methods as alternatives to petrochemical solvents. Some of the expected characteristics of green solvents include ease of recycling, ease of biodegradation, and low toxicity.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) is an organic compound with the formula HOCH2C4H7O.  In terms of its structure, it consists of a tetrahydrofuran ring substituted in the 2-position with a hydroxymethyl group.  It is a colorless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent and synthetic intermediate, e.g. to 3,4-dihydropyran.  It is prepared by hydrogenation of furfural.  It is a precursor to 1,5-pentanediol.
Ziggy Gruber
David Gruber, known as Ziggy Gruber(born 1969), is a New York-born American chef and restaurateur known for his role in preservation of Jewish deli traditions. He is a restaurant owner, deli maven of Kenny & Ziggy's New York Delicatessen Restaurant in Houston, Texas and featured in the documentary "Deli Man." Also, Ziggy has frequently appeared on food television programs like Diners, Drive-Ins & Dives. He is a third generation Jewish deli owner and has run three delis.

Save the Deli
Save the Deli: In Search of Perfect Pastrami, Crusty Rye, and the Heart of Jewish Delicatessen is a book published by Canadian journalist David Sax about the decline of the Jewish delicatessen.

The book is about the history of Jewish delicatessens around the world, particularly in cities like New York City, Los Angeles, Montreal, Paris and London. It is based on Sax's three year travels to dine at various delicatessens and compare the local food culture.
Blackburn Cubaroo
The Blackburn T.4 Cubaroo was a British prototype biplane torpedo bomber of the 1920s. Built by Blackburn Aircraft and intended to carry a large 21 in (533 mm) torpedo, the Cubaroo was claimed to be the largest single-engined aircraft in the world at the time of its first flight.

X engine
An X engine is a piston engine with four banks of cylinders around a common crankshaft, such that the cylinders form an "X" shape when viewed front-on.

The advantage of an X engine is that it is shorter than a V engine of the same number of cylinders, however the drawbacks are greater weight and complexity as compared to a radial engine. Therefore, the configuration has been rarely used.

Several of the X engine designs were based on combining two V engines.
2023 Music City Bowl
The 2023 Music City Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2023, at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, Tennessee. The 25th annual Music City Bowl featured Auburn of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and Maryland of the Big Ten Conference. The game began at approximately 1:00 p.m. CST and was aired on ABC. The Music City Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding the 2023 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by translation and language services company TransPerfect and was officially known as the TransPerfect Music City Bowl.

Music City Bowl
The Music City Bowl is a college football post-season bowl game contested by NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) teams, which has been played in Nashville, Tennessee, since 1998. Since 2025, it has been sponsored by Liberty Mutual and is officially known as the Liberty Mutual Music City Bowl. The bowl has had tie-ins with several different athletic conferences, most recently the Big Ten Conference and Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Gernrode, Thuringia
Gernrode (German pronunciation: [ɡɛʁnˈʁoːdə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. Its agricultural land is some of the most productive in the district and it therefore does not have any wooded areas.

Eichsfeld (district)
Eichsfeld is a district in Thuringia, Germany, and part of the historical region of Eichsfeld. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Nordhausen, Kyffhäuserkreis and Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis, and by the states of Hesse (district Werra-Meißner-Kreis) and Lower Saxony (district Göttingen).
Virtual concatenation
Virtual concatenation (VCAT) is an inverse multiplexing technique creating a large capacity payload container distributed over multiple smaller capacity TDM signals. These signals may be transported or routed independently. Virtual concatenation has been defined for SONET/SDH, OTN and PDH path signals.

Alternate SONET/SDH concatenation techniques are contiguous concatenation and arbitrary concatenation.

Optical transport network
An optical transport network (OTN) is a digital wrapper that encapsulates frames of data, to allow multiple data sources to be sent on the same channel. This creates an optical virtual private network for each client signal.

ITU-T defines an optical transport network as a set of optical network elements (ONE) connected by optical fiber links, able to provide functionality of transport, multiplexing, switching, management, supervision and survivability of optical channels carrying client signals. An ONE may re-time, re-Amplify, re-shape (3R) but it does not have to be 3R –  it can be purely photonic. Unless connected by optical fibre links, it shall not be OTN. Mere functionality of switching, management, supervision shall not make it OTN, unless the signals are carried through optical fibre. Unlike SONET/SDH, OTN provides a mechanism to manage multiplexed wavelengths in a DWDM system.
Paul Donnelly (politician)
Paul Donnelly (born 1967/1968) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin West constituency since the 2020 general election.

He served as a member of Fingal County Council from 2014 to 2020. He had contested three general elections and three by-elections prior to winning a seat in 2020. He topped the poll in the Dublin West constituency at the 2020 general election, coming ahead of the sitting Taoiseach Leo Varadkar. Aaron O'Rourke was co-opted to Donnelly's seat on Fingal County Council following his election to the Dáil.

At the 2024 general election, Donnelly was re-elected to the Dáil.

Fingal County Council
Fingal County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Fhine Gall) is the local authority of the county of Fingal, Ireland. It is one of three local authorities that succeeded the former Dublin County Council on abolition on 1 January 1994 and is one of four local authorities in County Dublin. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transport, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). The head of the council has the title of Mayor. The county administration is headed by a chief executive, AnnMarie Farrelly. The county town is Swords.
2019 North Korean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 10 March 2019 to elect the members of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly. The elections were announced on 6 January 2019. With only one candidate on the ballot in each constituency, outside observers described it as a show election. 687 candidates for the DPRK deputies to the SPA were elected. Kim Jong Un did not stand for election, marking the first time that a North Korean leader did not participate as a candidate.

Kim Phyong-hae
Kim Phyong-hae (Korean: 김평해, born 8 October 1941) is a North Korean politician. He was a Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and the director of the Cadres' Affairs Department of the WPK. He is a full member of the 7th Central Committee of the WPK and a full member of the Politburo of the WPK. Kim is also a deputy to the 13th Supreme People's Assembly.
Cave Johnson Couts
Cave "Don Cuevas" Johnson Couts (November 11, 1821 – July 10, 1874) was an American military officer, rancher, and judge. After a commission to San Diego County, California, in 1849 amid the California Gold Rush, he wrote meticulous records, became a prominent political figure, and developed agricultural practices, including founding Rancho Guajome. Couts served as a county judge and briefly as a special Indian agent in 1856.

Luiseño
The Luiseño or Payómkawichum are an Indigenous people of California who, at the time of the first contacts with the Spanish in the 16th century, inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles (80 km) from the present-day southern part of Los Angeles County to the northern part of San Diego County, and inland 30 miles (48 km). In the Luiseño language, the people call themselves Payómkawichum (also spelled Payómkowishum), meaning "People of the West." After the establishment of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia (The Mission of Saint Louis King of France), "the Payómkawichum began to be called San Luiseños, and later, just Luiseños by Spanish missionaries due to their proximity to this San Luis Rey mission.

Today there are six federally recognized tribes of Luiseño bands based in southern California, all with reservations. Another organized band is not federally recognized.
2019 World Jigsaw Puzzle Championship
The 2019 World Jigsaw Puzzle Championship is the first edition of the World Jigsaw Puzzle Championships competition organized by the World Jigsaw Puzzle Federation (WJPF).  It was held between 28 and 29 September in Valladolid, Spain.

World Jigsaw Puzzle Championships
The World Jigsaw Puzzle Championship is an annual event organized by the World Jigsaw Puzzle Federation, supported by multiple national associations such as the United States Jigsaw Puzzle Association and Australian Jigsaw Puzzle Association. The World Championship was started in 2019, and all editions have been held in Valladolid, Spain. The Championship include three events: team, pairs and individual.

The 2019 championships were the first time a world ranking is available for jigsaw puzzle competitors.