hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Epenthesis
In phonology, epenthesis (/ɪˈpɛnθəsɪs, ɛ-/; Greek ἐπένθεσις) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the first syllable (prothesis), the last syllable (paragoge), or between two syllabic sounds in a word. The opposite process in which one or more sounds are removed is referred to as syncope or elision.

Diachrony and synchrony
Synchrony and diachrony are two complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach – from Ancient Greek: συν- ('together') + χρόνος ('time') – considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. In contrast, a diachronic – from δια- ('through, across') + χρόνος ('time') – approach, as in historical linguistics, considers the development and evolution of a language through history.

For example, a synchronic study of Middle English would focus on understanding how the language functioned at a given stage in its history. A diachronic approach, by contrast, studies language change by comparing different stages at different historical periods. The terms synchrony and diachrony are often associated with the historical linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who considered the synchronic perspective as systematic but argued that language change is too unpredictable to be considered a system.
Geinitzia (insect)
Geinitzia is an extinct genus of flying insects belonging to the order Reculida and family Geinitziidae. Species belonging to the genus lived from the Permian to the Jurassic and have been found in China, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Russia.

Notoptera
Notoptera, also known as Xenonomia, is a clade of insects belonging to Polyneoptera. It contains two living groups, Mantophasmatidae (gladiators) native to southern Africa, and Grylloblattidae (ice crawlers) native to cold montane environments in the Northern Hemisphere. Both groups are wingless.
Bekoor
Bekoor is a village near Uppala town in the Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. It is located in eastern Uppala, on the Uppala-Bayar road, which connects Uppala with Paivalike and Bayar, and leads to Kanyana, Vittal, and Puttur in the Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. It is around 3 km from Kaikamba Junction and 1 km from Sonkal.

Uppala
Uppala is a town and headquarters of the Manjeshwaram Taluk in the Kasaragod district, Kerala, India. It is geographically located midway from Kasaragod to Mangalore. Easy geographical access and lack of major towns nearby are the key reasons for the town to develop exponentially, especially in the past decade. The population of Manjeshwaram Taluk alone was over 268,642 as of 2011. Uppala is 22 km north of Kasaragod and one of the fastest-growing urban settlements in the Kasaragod district. It is well-known as an important trade hub in the northernmost part of Kerala state.
Covaxin
Covaxin (development name, BBV152) is a whole inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology.

On 3 November 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) validated the vaccine for emergency use, as the first Indian-developed COVID-19 vaccine to be approved. By 31 January 2022, Covaxin had been granted emergency use approval in 13 countries.

Vero cell
Vero cells are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures. The 'Vero' lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey (Chlorocebus sp.; formerly called Cercopithecus aethiops, this group of monkeys has been split into several different species).  The lineage was developed on 27 March 1962 by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan.  The original cell line was named Vero after an abbreviation of verda reno, which means 'green kidney' in Esperanto, while vero itself means 'truth' in Esperanto.
Lowell School (Washington, D.C.)
Lowell School is an independent, diverse, co-educational preschool through 8th grade school located in the Colonial Village neighborhood near Shepherd Park Washington, D.C. The school was founded by Judith Grant and Susan Semple in 1965 during the Civil Rights Movement on the educational philosophies of Haim Ginott, Jean Piaget, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Friedrich Fröbel.

Colonial Village
Colonial Village is an area in northwest Washington, D.C., built in 1931 with 80 residences. The homes are reproductions of colonial buildings, such as the Moore House, where General Charles Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. The community was mostly Protestant, in contrast to the nearby 220-house North Portal Estates, which was a mostly Jewish neighborhood. When the community was first constructed in 1931, the neighborhood was exclusively populated by white Protestants as black and Jewish people were prohibited from living in Colonial Village. The land on which Colonial Village lies was once the 145 acre plantation of slaveowner Phillip Fenwick. After the mid-20th century, both Colonial Village and North Portal Estates became part of Shepherd Park.
Lockheed LC-130
The Lockheed LC-130 is a ski-equipped United States Air Force variant of the C-130 Hercules used in the Arctic and Antarctic. Ten are currently in service with the 109th Airlift Wing of the New York Air National Guard.

JATO
JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off) is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets.  The term JATO is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for rocket-assisted take-off (or, in RAF parlance, RATOG, for rocket-assisted take-off gear).
Dirac structure
In mathematics a Dirac structure is a geometric structure generalizing both symplectic structures and Poisson structures, and having several applications to mechanics. It is based on the notion of the Dirac bracket constraint introduced by Paul Dirac and was first introduced by Ted Courant and Alan Weinstein.

Dirac bracket
The Dirac bracket is a generalization of the Poisson bracket developed by Paul Dirac to treat classical systems with second class constraints in Hamiltonian mechanics, and to thus allow them to undergo canonical quantization. It is an important part of Dirac's development of Hamiltonian mechanics to elegantly handle more general Lagrangians; specifically, when constraints are at hand, so that the number of apparent variables exceeds that of dynamical ones. More abstractly, the two-form implied from the Dirac bracket is the restriction of the symplectic form to the constraint surface in phase space.

This article assumes familiarity with the standard Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, and their connection to canonical quantization. Details of Dirac's modified Hamiltonian formalism are also summarized to put the Dirac bracket in context.
Xie Yi
Xie Yi FRSC (simplified Chinese: 谢毅; traditional Chinese: 謝毅; pinyin: Xiè Yì; born 23 July 1967) is a Chinese chemist. She is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.  She is a professor and doctoral supervisor at University of Science and Technology of China.

Xie won the L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in March 2015.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
John Borrows
John Borrows OC FRSC (or Kegedonce in Anishinaabe) is a Canadian academic and jurist. He is a full Professor of Law and the Loveland Chair in Indigenous Law at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law. He is known as a leading authority on Canadian Indigenous law and constitutional law and has been cited by the Supreme Court of Canada. John Borrows is a member of the  Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

University of Waikato
The University of Waikato (Māori: Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato), established in 1964, is a public research university located in Hamilton, New Zealand. An additional campus is located in Tauranga.
The university performs research in numerous disciplines such as education, social sciences, and management and is an innovator in environmental science, marine and freshwater ecology, engineering, computer science and artificial intelligence.
It offers degrees in health, engineering, computer science, management, Māori and Indigenous Studies, the arts, psychology, social sciences and education.
Mine rescue
Mine rescue or mines rescue is the specialised job of rescuing miners and others who have become trapped or injured in underground mines because of mining accidents, roof falls or floods and disasters such as explosions.

Afterdamp
Afterdamp is the toxic mixture of gases left in a mine following an explosion caused by methane-rich firedamp, which itself can initiate a much larger explosion of coal dust. The term is etymologically and practically related to other terms for underground mine gases—such as firedamp, white damp, and black damp, with afterdamp being composed, rather, primarily by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen, with highly toxic stinkdamp-constituent hydrogen sulfide possibly also present. However, the high content of carbon monoxide is the component that kills, preferentially combining with haemoglobin in the blood and thus depriving victims of oxygen. Globally, afterdamp has caused many of the casualties in disasters of pit coalfields, including British, such as the Senghenydd colliery disaster. Such disasters continue to afflict working mines, for instance in mainland China.
Qaraötkel Bridge
The Qaraötkel Bridge (Kazakh: Қараөткел көпірі, romanized: Qaraötkel köpırı, lit. 'Crossroads Bridge'), also known as Ramstor Bridge (Kazakh: Рамстор көпірі так кажетс], romanized: Ramstor köpırı) is an arch bridge spanning the Ishim River in Astana, Kazakhstan. It was built between 2007 and 2008 as a road bridge crossing the Ishim River.

Ishim (river)
The Ishim (Russian: Ишим, IPA: [ɪˈʂɨm]; Kazakh: Есіл, romanized: Esıl, IPA: [jesɪ́l]) is a river running through Kazakhstan and Russia. It is 2,450 kilometres (1,520 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 177,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi). Its average discharge is 56.3 cubic metres per second (1,990 cu ft/s). It is a left tributary of the Irtysh. The Ishim is partly navigable in its lower reaches. The upper course of the Ishim passes through Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. In Russia, the course of the river travels through a vast marshland, and has countless meanders and oxbow lakes. The river freezes from late November until March.
2026 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
The 2026 United States Senate election in Massachusetts will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Primary elections will be held on September 1, 2026. Incumbent two-term Democratic Senator Ed Markey, who was re-elected in 2020 with 66.2% of the vote, is running for a third full term.

Markey, who will be 80 years old at the time of the 2026 election, has faced calls to retire due to his age. His main primary challenger, U.S. Representative Seth Moulton, has made Markey's age a part of his campaign. Moulton also expressed support for a constitutional amendment creating an age limit for members of Congress.

American Federation of Teachers
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second-largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders.

About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school-related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. The AFT has, since its founding, affiliated with trade union federations: until 1955 the American Federation of Labor, and now the AFL–CIO.
2015 Lucas Oil 200
The 2015 Lucas Oil 200 was the 6th stock car race of the 2015 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and the 16th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, May 29, 2015, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. Tyler Reddick, driving for Brad Keselowski Racing, would make a pass for the lead on Erik Jones with eight laps to go, and held off a charging Daniel Suárez to earn his second career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Suárez, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, and Jones, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series at Dover Motor Speedway
The Ecosave 200 is an annual 200-mile (321.869 km) NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series race held at the Dover Motor Speedway in Dover, Delaware. The race was the only race to be shown on tape delay during the past several seasons, but was televised live from 2012 to 2020.
Barrie's lanternshark
Barrie's lanternshark (Etmopterus brosei) is a species of lanternshark of the family Etmopteridae, found in the Southwest Indian Ocean and Southeast Atlantic Ocean (precisely in South Africa, Madagascar Ridge, and southern Mozambique). It lives on seamounts and continental slopes at depths of 480–1,200 m (1,570–3,940 ft). This deep-water shark was previously misidentified with sculpted lanternshark and also resembles blackbelly lanternshark in having linear rows of dermal denticles.

Barrie's lanternshark has these sets of characteristics which making it differ from its congeners: the dermal denticles arrangement along the body; the presence of dermal denticles on the dorsal fin base; the arrangement of flank and caudal markings; the shape and size of flank markings; and the vertebral count.

This shark is sometimes accidentally caught by deep-water fisheries operating in southern Africa. Nevertheless, the major population of this species lives deeper than the fisheries.

Blackbelly lanternshark
Sharks portal

The blackbelly lanternshark or lucifer shark (Etmopterus lucifer) is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found around the world in tropical and temperate seas at depths between 150 and 1,250 meters – the mesopelagic zone. Compared to other mesopelagic fish predators and invertebrates, the blackbelly lanternshark is thought to reside in shallower, more southern waters. E. lucifer can reach up to 47 centimeters in length and consumes mesopelagic cephalopods, fish, and crustaceans. Blackbelly lanternsharks are bioluminescent, using hormone controlled mechanisms to emit light through ventral photogenic organs called photophores and are presumed to be ovoviviparous. The blackbelly lanternshark has been classified as "Not Threatened" within the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
2002 Tecate/Telmex Monterrey Grand Prix
The 2002 Tecate/Telmex Monterrey Grand Prix was the first round of the 2002 CART season. The race was held on March 10, 2002, in Monterrey, Mexico at Parque Fundidora. The race was contested of 85 laps. Cristiano da Matta won the race, marking his second straight win in the event. Dario Franchitti finished 2nd, and Christian Fittipaldi finished 3rd. Michel Jourdain Jr. and Alex Tagliani rounded out the top five, and Scott Dixon, Patrick Carpentier, Paul Tracy, Max Papis, and Oriol Servià rounded out the top ten.

Tecate/Telmex Grand Prix of Monterrey
The Tecate/Telmex Grand Prix of Monterrey was a round of the Champ Car World Series held on a street circuit at Fundidora Park in Monterrey, Mexico. It was first held in 2001 and for the last time in 2006.
Henri Berthoud
Henri Berthoud (14 April 1877 – 3 August 1948) was a Swiss civil servant and member of the Council of States and National Council.

Berthoud was born in Neuchâtel and was the son of Jean-Edouard Berthoud and Georgine Léonie Panier. He was the father of Denise and Raymonde Berthoud, brother-in-law of Louis Perrier, and son-in-law of Louis-Daniel Perrier.

Berthoud studied at the École supérieure de commerce of Neuchâtel along with scientific studies and earned a Ph.D. in chemistry.

Jean Berthoud
Jean Berthoud (born 1961) is a Swiss banker who served as CEO of Bonhôte from 1990 to 2010, and has chaired the bank's board of directors since then. In addition to his role, he has held various other positions, including member of the Sanctions Commission of the Swiss stock exchange, board member of the Swiss Bankers Association, and councilor at the legislative council of the city of Neuchâtel.
Robert Channon
Robert Derek Channon (born 15 June 1944) is a British engineer known for inventing an insulin pump for diabetics, and miniaturized helicopters for the UK military. A diabetic himself, Channon developed the three ounce insulin pump to replace his own regular insulin injections. The National Medical Research Foundation awarded Channon £26,000 to develop the pump. In 1980, the National Medical Research Foundation awarded Guy's Hospital £40,000 to test Channon's pump in people with diabetes. The trial, under the supervision of Harry Keen, tested whether using the pump reduced the development of blindness in 30 people with diabetes.

In July 2024 Channon was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree, by UWE Bristol, in recognition of his contribution to the management of type 1 diabetes.

Bristol Royal Infirmary
The Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI) is a large teaching hospital in the centre of Bristol, England. It has links with the nearby University of Bristol and the Faculty of Health and Social Care at the University of the West of England, also in Bristol.

The BRI is one of nine hospitals operated by the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust. It is on the same site as the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, and Bristol Heart Institute (BHI). The Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre has 49 beds and the Bristol Heart Institute has 107, which are not included in the main hospital's total.
Hanu, Ladakh
Hanu (also called Hanoo) is a village panchayat in the Khalsi tehsil in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is one of the main Brokpa villages in Ladakh. It is in the valley of the Hanu stream that flows from the Chorbat La pass to drain into the Indus river.

Khalatse
Khalatse (Wylie: mkhar la rtse, THL: khar la tsé), often written as Khaltse or Khalsi,  is the headquarters of the eponymous subdivision, block and tehsil in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located 95 km from Leh city on the old main road to Kargil, where it crosses the Indus over an iron bridge. Much of its importance is because it is the place where the road from Kashmir debouches into the Indus Valley.

Close by are the remains of an old fortified customs house. Khaltsi is also the location of the upcoming new Sindhu Central University of Ladakh.
Thigmomorphogenesis
Thigmomorphogenesis involves plants altering their growth and development in response to mechanical stimuli, such as touch, wind, or rain. This process begins with the perception of mechanical forces by cellular mechanosensors, followed by their transduction into signal transduction pathways cascades, and culminating in changes in gene expression and hormone activity. The response integrates diverse molecular components, including mechanosensitive ion channels, receptor-like kinases, the cytoskeletal elements, phytohormones, and transcription factors, which collectively drive both immediate physiological and long-term morphological adaptations.

Early observations noted that greenhouse-grown plants were often taller and more slender than stockier plants grown outdoors, where they were exposed to natural mechanical stresses. The term "thigmomorphogenesis" is derived from Ancient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō, "to touch"), μορφή (morphê, "shape"), and γένεσις (génesis, "creation").

Mechanosensation
Mechanosensation is the transduction of mechanical stimuli into neural signals. Mechanosensation provides the basis for the senses of light, touch, hearing, proprioception, and pain. Mechanoreceptors found in the skin, called cutaneous mechanoreceptors, are responsible for the sense of touch. Tiny cells in the inner ear, called hair cells, are responsible for hearing and balance. States of neuropathic pain, such as hyperalgesia and allodynia, are also directly related to mechanosensation. A wide array of elements are involved in the process of mechanosensation, many of which are still not fully understood.
Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
Victor Amadeus of Savoy, 5th Prince of Carignano (31 October 1743 – 10 September 1780) was a member of the House of Savoy and Prince of Carignano. He was the brother of the murdered princesse de Lamballe and grandfather of King Charles Albert of Sardinia.

Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe
Marie-Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe (Italian: Maria Teresa Luisa; 8 September 1749 – 3 September 1792) was an Italian noblewoman and member of the Savoy-Carignano cadet branch of the House of Savoy. She was married at the age of 17 to Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Prince de Lamballe, the heir to the greatest fortune in France. After her marriage, which lasted a year, she went to the French royal court and became the confidante of Queen Marie Antoinette. She was killed in the massacres of September 1792 during the French Revolution.
Bariša Čolak
Bariša Čolak (born 1 January 1956) is a Bosnian Croat politician and lawyer who served as member of the national House of Peoples from 2015 to 2023. He previously served as Minister of Justice from 2007 to 2015.

Čolak was also Minister of Security from 2002 to 2007. He is a member and former president of the Croatian Democratic Union.

Široki Brijeg
Široki Brijeg (pronunciationⓘ) is a city and the regional capital of West Herzegovina Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town itself had a population of 6,149 and the municipality of 28,929.
Kiama Examiner
The Kiama Examiner, later published as The Examiner, was a weekly English language newspaper published in Kiama, New South Wales, Australia between 1858 and 1862.  It was first published on 24 April 1858, more than forty years before the federation of Australia.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Museum of Idaho
The Museum of Idaho (MOI) is a history and science museum in downtown Idaho Falls, Idaho. The museum features exhibits, collections, and programs focused on the social and environmental history of Idaho and the Intermountain West, as well as prominent traveling exhibits on a variety of subjects. Its tagline is “bringing the world to Idaho, and Idaho to the world”.

The museum is a private nonprofit organization with approximately 12 full-time staff, 90 volunteers, and a 16-member board of trustees. The museum receives about 90,000 visitors each year and operates a store that sells books, educational toys, and souvenirs related to Idaho and MOI exhibits.

History of Idaho
The history of Idaho is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Idaho, one  of the United States of America located in the Pacific Northwest area near the west coast of the United States and Canada. Other associated areas include southern Alaska, all of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, western Montana and northern California and Nevada.