hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Zephyr (R19)
HMS Zephyr was a Z-class destroyer. She was launched on 13 July 1942 at Vickers-Armstrongs' High Walker shipyard and commissioned on 6 September 1944. She was 'adopted' by the civil community of Doncaster, replacing the destroyer HMS Lightning (sunk in 1943), which had originally been adopted during Warship Week in 1942.

W and Z-class destroyer
The W and Z class was a class of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 1943–1944. They were constructed as two flotillas, with names beginning with "W-" and "Z-", respectively, although, like the preceding U and V class, two of the flotilla leaders were named after historical naval figures (as had been Royal Navy practice during the inter-war years). They were known as the 9th and 10th Emergency Flotilla, respectively and served as fleet and convoy escorts in World War II. None were lost during World War II but INS Eilat (originally HMS Zealous) was sunk during the Israel-Egypt conflict in October 1967 by Egyptian missile boats and the El Qaher (originally HMS Myngs) of the Egyptian Navy was sunk at Berenice, Egypt on 16 May 1970 by Israeli Air Force aircraft during the War of Attrition.
Al-Tawani
Al-Tawani (Arabic: التواني) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located northeast of Damascus in the Qalamoun Mountains. Nearby localities include Ma'loula to the northeast, Hosh Arab and Assal al-Ward to the north, Hala to the south, and al-Qutayfah to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Tawani had a population of 2,446 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Hala, Syria
Hala (Arabic: حله) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located northeast of Damascus in the Qalamoun Mountains. Nearby localities include Ma'loula and Yabroud to the northeast, Hosh Arab, Rankous and Assal al-Ward to the northeast and Jayroud and al-Qutayfah to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Hala had a population of 3,921 in the 2004 census.
WTKL
WTKL (91.1 FM) is a radio station in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts. It is an owned-and-operated station of the national K-Love Contemporary Christian network, covering the South Coast of Massachusetts from a tower located on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.

Prior to 2006, WTKL was the student-run radio station at the university, when it was known as WUSM and later WSMU-FM; in conjunction with the sign-on of higher-power WUMD 89.3, UMass sold the 91.1 license to the Educational Media Foundation.

K-Love
K-Love (stylized as K-LOVE) is an American Christian radio network. Owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), a non-profit Christian ministry. It primarily broadcasts contemporary Christian music.

As of June 2019, the network's programming is aired over 520 FM stations and translators in 48 U.S. states, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. As of 2018, K-Love and its sister network Air1 reportedly had a weekly cumulative audience of about 20 million listeners.
Global Forest Information Service
The Global Forest Information Service (GFIS) was an initiative of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) and was a 
collaborative effort of 14 major forest-related international organizations, institutions and convention secretariat, aiming to maximize the value of all forest information resources and providers worldwide through the sharing of forest-related information through a single gateway. The effort was discontinued in 2021.

International Union of Forest Research Organizations
The International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) (French: Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Forestières, German: Internationaler Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten, Spanish: Unión Internacional de Institutos de Investigación Forestal) is a non-profit, non-governmental international network of forest scientists, headquartered in Austria. 
 In 2019, IUFRO counted 630 Member Organizations worldwide.
Newspaper endorsements in the 2008 United States presidential primaries
Newspapers in the United States have traditionally endorsed candidates for party nomination prior to their final endorsements for president. Below is the list of endorsements in 2008, by candidate, for each primary race.

The Daily News Tribune
The Daily News Tribune (formerly called the News-Tribune and the Waltham Evening News) was an afternoon daily newspaper in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States, covering that city and the neighboring city of Newton.

In its last years, the Tribune was managed and printed by The MetroWest Daily News, and owned by Community Newspaper Company, a division of GateHouse Media. In 2010, the Tribune printed its last daily edition, and was replaced by a weekly newspaper called the Waltham News Tribune. It no longer covers Newton.
Khirbet Tibnah
Khirbet Tibnah (also Tibneh) is a tell (archaeological mound) located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the West Bank, between the villages Deir Nidham and Nabi Salih. It was inhabited from the Early Bronze Age to the Ottoman period.

Khirbet Tibnah is identified with the ancient town of Thamna. The site was excavated in the 20th century by Yitzhak Magen but the work is unpublished. Further investigations were carried out in the 2010s and 2020s.

Rock-cut tomb
A rock-cut tomb is a burial chamber that is cut into an existing, naturally occurring rock formation, so a type of rock-cut architecture. They are usually cut into a cliff or sloping rock face, but may go downward in fairly flat ground. It was a common form of burial for the wealthy in ancient times in several parts of the world.

Important examples are found in Egypt, most notably in the town of Deir el-Medina (Seet Maat), located between the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. Other notable clusters include numerous Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel (modern Israel and the Palestinian territories), at Naghsh-e Rostam necropolis in Iran, at Myra in Lycia (today in Turkey), Nabataean tombs in Petra (modern Jordan) and Mada'in Saleh (Saudi Arabia), Sicily (Pantalica) and Larnaca. Indian rock-cut architecture is very extensive, but does not feature tombs.
4th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 4th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации IV созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 4th convocation met chiefly at the State Duma building in Moscow (however, several meetings took place at the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg); it worked from December 7, 2003 to December 24, 2007.

The 4th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2003 parliamentary election. Of the twenty–four parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 5% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system and another party was held in the State Duma by winning a few electoral districts.

2003 Russian legislative election
United Russia  People's Party  Communist Party  Rodina  Yabloko  Party of Rebirth/Party of Life  Union of Right Forces  Agrarian Party  Great Russia  New Course — Automobile Russia  Development of Enterprise  Self-nominations  Seat not filled

Legislative elections were held in Russia on 7 December 2003. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly.

As expected, the  pro-Vladimir Putin United Russia party received the most votes (38%) and won the most seats, gaining a plurality in the Duma. The Communist Party remained the second largest, though much reduced in strength. The Liberal Democratic Party improved its position by 19 seats, while the liberal Yabloko and the liberal-conservative Union of Right Forces lost most of their seats.
Plant System
The Plant System, named after its owner, Henry B. Plant, was a system of railroads and steamboats in the U.S. South, taken over by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902. The original line of the system was the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway, running across southern Georgia. The Plant Investment Company was formed in 1882 to lease and buy other railroads and expand the system. Other major lines incorporated into the system include the Savannah and Charleston Railroad and the Brunswick and Western Railroad.

Track gauge conversion
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
Institute of IT Professionals
The Institute of IT Professionals (ITPNZ) is a non-profit incorporated society in New Zealand. As New Zealand's ICT professional body, the IITP exists to promote education and ensure a high level of professional practice amongst ICT professionals. Before July 2012, IITP was known as the New Zealand Computer Society Inc (NZCS).

On 1 October 2025, IITP declared it was insolvent, and that it would be holding a Special General Meeting later that month to confirm liquidation and appoint a liquidator.

International Federation for Information Processing
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a global organisation for researchers and professionals working in the field of computing to conduct research, develop standards and promote information sharing.

Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, IFIP is recognised by the United Nations and links some 50 national and international societies and academies of science with a total membership of over half a million professionals. IFIP is based in Laxenburg, Austria and is an international, non-governmental organisation that operates on a non-profit basis.
Eaton upon Tern
Eaton upon Tern is a small village, located in the parish of Stoke upon Tern in Northern Shropshire, England. The parish also includes the settlements of Ollerton, Stoke Heath, Wistanswick and the village of Stoke on Tern itself.

It is located in a very rural area near the border of the borough of Telford and Wrekin. It is about midway between the towns of Telford and Market Drayton.

The village's name comes from the River Tern which runs through the village.

The village formerly had a bus stop, where buses between Market Drayton and Telford used to stop, which has since been permanently closed.

Ollerton, Shropshire
Ollerton is a small village, located in the parish of Stoke upon Tern in Shropshire, England.

Ollerton is located in a rural area approximately midway between the towns of Telford and Market Drayton; immediately to the west is the hamlet of Peplow, while Child's Ercall lies to the east.
President of the council of state
The official title president of the council of state, or chairman of the council of state is used to describe the presiding member of a council of state.  In many countries with a justice system based on French Napoleonic law, the council of state serves as the supreme administrative court. It is also used for the head of state of North Korea, and formerly used to describe the head of the state in Cuba and of the former communist states in the Democratic Republic of Germany, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Cambodia and Vietnam.

Title
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.
Bossov Ballet Theatre
Bossov Ballet Theatre (BBT) is a non-profit performing company and an international pre-professional ballet school, located in Pittsfield, Maine. Founded in 1996, it is now affiliated with Maine Central Institute, under the direction of Natalya Nikolaevna Getman.

Pittsfield, Maine
Pittsfield is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,908 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Pittsfield is home to the Maine Central Institute, a semi-private boarding school, and the annual Central Maine Egg Festival.
Richard Koo
Richard C. Koo (Chinese: 辜朝明; pinyin: Gū Cháomíng; Japanese: リチャード・クー, IPA: [ɾitɕaːdo kɯː]; born 1954) is a Taiwanese economist specializing in balance sheet recessions. He is the chief economist at the Nomura Research Institute.

Institute for New Economic Thinking
The Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) is a New York City–based nonprofit think tank.  It was founded in October 2009 as a result of the Great Recession (2007-2009), and runs a variety of affiliated programs at major universities such as the Cambridge-INET Institute at the University of Cambridge, and INET Oxford at the University of Oxford. It also has offices in London, England.
Penn Quakers men's ice hockey
The Penn Quakers Men's Ice Hockey team represents the University of Pennsylvania in the American Collegiate Hockey Association Division II. Penn is a member of the Colonial States College Hockey Conference. The Quakers play at the Class of 1923 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

American Collegiate Hockey Association
The American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) is a college ice hockey association. The ACHA's purpose is to be an organization of collegiate affiliated programs, which provides structure, regulates operations, and promotes quality in collegiate ice hockey. The ACHA currently has three men's and two women's divisions and includes approximately 450 teams from across the United States and Canada. Most ACHA teams offer few athletic scholarships and typically receive far less university funding. The ACHA offers an opportunity for college hockey programs that struggle with large budgets and Title IX issues, as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) financial structure.
Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?
"Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the animated television series South Park, and 57th episode of the series overall.
Going by the production air order, it would be 10th episode of Season 4. "Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" originally aired in the United States on July 19, 2000, on Comedy Central. It is the first part of a two-parter, which concludes in the following episode "Probably." The story links some of the events and characters of the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut into the animated series. The episode is rated TV-MA in the United States.

In the episode, the boys become obsessed with religion after a sermon about Hell scares them. Meanwhile, Saddam Hussein returns to Hell and tries to dispose of Satan's new boyfriend. It is the last episode to feature the original "school bus" opening sequence featuring a singing caricature of Les Claypool; a new one would be introduced two episodes later in "Fourth Grade".

Fourth Grade (South Park)
"Fourth Grade" is the eleventh episode of the fourth season of the animated television series South Park, and the 59th episode of the series overall. It first aired on November 8, 2000. Written by Trey Parker, "Fourth Grade" focuses on the main characters' transition to the fourth grade, a change that would remain consistent in subsequent seasons. It is the episode in which the character Mr. Garrison, who had been homophobic in his rhetoric during the first few seasons, finally comes to terms with his own homosexuality.
Scutari invasion of Montenegro (1785)
The Scutari invasion of Montenegro (Albanian: Pushtimi i Shkodrës në Mal të Zi), was a military campaign launched by Kara Mahmud Pasha, the head of the Pashalik of Scutari, against the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro, as well as the Montenegrin tribes of Old Montenegro, Paštrovići and Brda. The campaign also included the capture of Spuž, a castle which was administered by the Bosnian Pasha, Ibrahim Pasha of Spuž.

Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه, romanized: Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).
Sotoa
Sotoa is a genus of orchid, a relatively new genus described in 2010. It is native to western Texas and to Mexico as far south as Oaxaca. Only one species is known, Sotoa confusa.

Sotoa confusa is very rare in Texas. It was collected in 1931 in the Chisos Mountains inside Big Bend National Park, the specimens at the time misidentified as Spiranthes durangensis (now a synonym of Schiedeella saltensis). The material was not recognized as a distinct taxon until years later. It was not until 2008 that a live population was discovered.

Chisos Mountains
The Chisos Mountains, also known as the Chisos, are a mountain range located in the Big Bend area of the Trans-Pecos region of Texas, United States. The mountain system covers 40 square miles (104 square km) and is contained entirely within the boundaries of Big Bend National Park, making it the only mountain range in the United States fully contained within a national park. The Chisos Mountains are the southernmost mountain range in the mainland United States.

The Chisos Mountains were created by volcanic activity during the Eocene Epoch 35–44 million years ago.

The highest point in the Chisos Mountain range is Emory Peak at 7,825 ft (2,385 m) above sea level.
History of Bahrain
Bahrain, an archipelago in the Persian Gulf, has been a pivotal center of trade, culture, and power for millennia, most notably as the heart of the ancient Dilmun civilization, a thriving hub of commerce and diplomacy in the Bronze Age. Its strategic location attracted a succession of influential powers, including the Persians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Portuguese, the Arabs, and the British, each leaving a distinct mark on its cultural and political landscape. In 1932, Bahrain became the first location in the Persian Gulf outside Iran to discover oil, ushering in a transformative era of economic growth and global significance.

Al-Ahsa Oasis
Al-Ahsa Oasis (Arabic: الْأَحْسَاء, al-ʾAhsā), also known as al-Ḥasāʾ (الْحَسَا) or Hajar (هَجَر), is an oasis and historical region in eastern Saudi Arabia. Al-Ahsa Governorate, which makes up much of the country's Eastern Province, is named after it. The oasis is located about 60 km (37 miles) inland from the coast of the Persian Gulf. Al-Ahsa Oasis comprises four main cities and 22 villages. The cities include Al-Mubarraz and Al-Hofuf, two of the largest cities in Saudi Arabia.
Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches
The Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches (CREC), formerly the Confederation of Reformed Evangelical Churches, was founded in 1998 as a body of churches that hold to Reformed theology. Member churches include those from Presbyterian, Continental Reformed, and Reformed Baptist backgrounds. The CREC has over a hundred member churches in the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Russia, Hungary, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, Brazil, Jersey, and the Czech Republic. These are organised into nine presbyteries, named after figures in church history: Anselm, Athanasius, Augustine, Bucer, Hus, Knox, Kuyper, Tyndale, and Wycliffe.

Three Forms of Unity
The Three Forms of Unity is a collective name for the Belgic Confession, the Canons of Dort, and the Heidelberg Catechism, which reflect the doctrinal concerns of continental Calvinism and are accepted as official statements of doctrine by many Calvinist churches.
Opoku Afriyie
Opoku Afriyie (February 2, 1955 - March 29, 2020) was a Ghanaian footballer. He was popularly called Bayie. He played as a striker and won many caps with Asante Kotoko and the Ghana national football team. He worked for Asante Kotoko as Team-Manager.

1978 African Cup of Nations
The 1978 African Cup of Nations was the eleventh edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. The format of the competition changed from 1976: the field of eight teams was still split into two groups of four, but the final group stage was eliminated in favor of the knockout semifinals used in tournaments prior to 1976 (except 1959). Ghana won its third championship, beating Uganda in the final 2−0.

Ivory Coast and Mali were both disqualified in the second round of qualification: Ivory Coast for using an ineligible player in the second leg, and Mali after stadium security and police assaulted match officials during the first leg.

Since Mali had received a first round walkover after Niger failed to appear, Upper Volta, who had been beaten by the Ivory Coast in the first round, were given their place in the final tournament.
Bob Lanier
Robert Jerry Lanier Jr. (September 10, 1948 – May 10, 2022) was an American professional basketball player. He played center for the Detroit Pistons and the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Lanier was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992.

In 14 NBA seasons, Lanier played in eight NBA All-Star Games and was named Most Valuable Player of the 1974 game. His accomplishments came despite a long history with knee injuries. He had his No. 16 jersey retired by both the Pistons and the Bucks and his No. 31 jersey retired by St. Bonaventure University, for whom he played college basketball. After retiring from playing he was an assistant coach for the Golden State Warriors, and briefly served as their interim head coach. He went on to work as an NBA Cares Global Ambassador.

Butch van Breda Kolff
Willem Hendrik "Butch" (sometimes "Bill") van Breda Kolff (October 28, 1922 – August 22, 2007) was an American basketball player and coach. He played four seasons for the New York Knicks before becoming a head coach at Lafayette. Ultimately, 
he coached for eleven different teams in five classifications (NCAA, NBA, ABA, Women's Professional Basketball League, United States Basketball League). He reached the NCAA Final Four and two NBA Finals while winning a championship in four different conferences.
The Cuckoo's Egg (book)
The Cuckoo's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage is a 1989 book written by Clifford Stoll. It is his first-person account of the hunt for Markus Hess, a computer hacker who broke into a computer at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL).

Stoll's use of the term extended the metaphor cuckoo's egg from brood parasitism in birds to malware.

System administrator
An IT administrator, system administrator, sysadmin, or admin is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems, especially multi-user computers, such as servers. The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers they manage meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when doing so.

To meet these needs, a system administrator may acquire, install, or upgrade computer components and software; provide routine automation; maintain security policies; troubleshoot; train or supervise staff; or offer technical support for projects.