hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crisis theory
Crisis theory, concerning the causes and consequences of the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in a capitalist system, is associated with Marxian critique of political economy, and was further popularised through Marxist economics.

Joseph Schumpeter
Joseph Alois Schumpeter (German: [ˈʃʊmpeːtɐ]; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian political economist. He served briefly as Finance Minister of Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the United States to become a professor at Harvard University, where he remained until the end of his career, and in 1939 obtained American citizenship.

Schumpeter was one of the most influential economists of the early 20th century, and popularized creative destruction, a term coined by Werner Sombart. His magnum opus is considered to be Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.
Thomas L. Thompson
Thomas L. Thompson (born January 7, 1939, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American-born Danish biblical scholar and theologian. He was professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen from 1993 to 2009. He currently lives in Denmark.

Thompson is a part of the minimalist movement known as the Copenhagen School, a group of scholars who hold that the Bible cannot be used as a source to determine the history of ancient Israel, and that "Israel" itself is a problematic concept.

Bart D. Ehrman
Bart Denton Ehrman (born October 5, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar whose research focuses on the textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity. He is the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is the author or editor of more than 30 books, including six New York Times bestsellers, and has created nine lecture series with The Great Courses. Ehrman also runs a membership blog whose proceeds support charities that address hunger and homelessness. As of March 2025, the blog had reportedly raised more than $3 million.
Hof í Vesturdal
Hof í Vesturdal (Hof in Vesturdalur valley) in Skagafjörður, Iceland, is now an abandoned farm but it was previously a ranch and church site. It was the homestead of Eiríkur Hróaldsson in Goðdalir as well as the ancestral home of the Goðdæla clan—Eríkur's descendants. New farms built on the land of Hof were inhabited; however, the main farm has been abandoned since 1999.

Hof's land holdings are incredibly vast, encompassing all the land between the Hofsá river in Vesturdalur and the Vestari-Jökulsá all the way south to Hofsjökull glacier, which is named for Hof. Furthermore, the estate included Hof's pasture land and was one of the largest properties in Iceland. Hof is about 20 kilometers from Hofsjökull and around 65 kilometers from the sea by Sauðárkrókur.

There is geothermal energy in Hof and the water from there is used to heat two towns.

Hofsá (Vesturdalur)
Hofsá is a river that runs through Vesturdalur in Skagafjörður, Iceland and joins the Vestari-Jökulsá where it flows out of Hofsdalur valley at Bjarnastaðahlíð, a short distance from the church site Goðadalir.
New Caledonia women's national football team
The New Caledonia women's national football team (French: équipe de Nouvelle-Calédonie féminine de football) represents New Caledonia in international women's football. The team is controlled by the Fédération Calédonienne de Football.

2027 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification (OFC)
The Oceanian section of the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification process began on 28 November 2025 and is scheduled to be completed by 14 April 2026, with the winner qualifying for the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup and the runner-up advancing to the inter-confederation play-offs.
Akhta Uttar
Akhta Uttar (or Akhta North in English) is a gram panchayat in Sitamarhi district (and Suppi subdistrict), Bihar, India. It is named after Akhta, a village located there and the main village of the panchayat. The other villages are Kodhiyar, Madhurapur and Rampur Kanth.

Sitamarhi district
Sitamarhi district is one of the districts in the Indian state of Bihar. Dumra is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district is a part of the Tirhut division It is believed to be the place of manifestation of Goddess Sita in the ancient Mithila Kingdom while the legendary King Janaka in the epic Ramayana was ploughing a farm field in the present city of Sitamarhi. Presently in the city of Sitamarhi, there are two locations claimed to be the birthplace of the Goddess Sita. The two locations are Urvija Kund at Janaki Sthan and Janaki Kund at Punauradham.
Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!
Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! is an accelerated drop tower dark ride attraction at Disney California Adventure at Disneyland Resort. Based on the namesake group from the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), it depicts Rocket recruiting guests to attempt to free the remaining Guardians of the Galaxy from display within the Collector's fortress.

The attraction uses the same infrastructure and ride system as the previous attraction, The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror. It features several actors of the cast from the Marvel Studios film series reprising their characters. While the attraction is inspired by the MCU, it is set in a separate shared universe along with the other Avengers Campus attractions.

It opened on May 27, 2017, to coincide with the release of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.

Dark ride
A dark ride—or ghost train when horror themed—is an indoor amusement ride on which passengers aboard guided vehicles travel through specially lit scenes that typically contain animation, sound, music and special effects. Appearing as early as the 19th century, such exhibits include tunnels of love, scary themes and interactive stories. Dark rides are intended to tell stories, with thematic elements that immerse riders, which unfold throughout the course of the attraction.
Palestine–Russia relations
The bilateral relations between the State of Palestine and Russia (and before 1992, the Soviet Union) have a complex history, deeply interwoven with Russian and Soviet relations with the Israeli enterprise, Palestinian nationalism, and Third World national liberation movements. Between 1956 and 1990, Soviet–Palestinian relations were part of the then-ongoing Soviet–American confrontation.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MFA Russia; Russian: Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, МИД России, romanized: Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiiskoi Federatsii. MID Rossii) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia.

It is a continuation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which was under the supervision of the Soviet Ministry of External Relations. Sergei Lavrov is the current foreign minister.
Lectionary 183
Lectionary 183, designated by siglum ℓ 183 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment in uncial letters. Biblical scholars Westcott and Hort labelled it by 38e, and biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener by 257e. Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 10th century. The manuscript has some missing portions and gaps at the end and inside, but they were supplied by a later hand. It is faded in parts.

Textually it often agrees with old uncial manuscripts of the New Testament, but it has some unique variants. It has numerous errors, but unequally distributed in the codex. It was examined by several palaeographers.

It forms part of the British Library Arundel Manuscripts.

Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis ('Beza's Cambridge Book') is a bi-lingual Greek and Latin manuscript of the New Testament written in an uncial hand on parchment. It is designated by the siglum Dea or 05 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and δ 5 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. It contains most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of 3 John. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it is currently dated to the 5th century.

Codex Bezae is renowned for having a distinctive text of the four Gospels and Acts, and is a leading member of the "Western" recension. The manuscript has been studied extensively.

A digital facsimile of the codex is available from Cambridge University Library, which holds the manuscript.
Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville
The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence the Deacon & Martyr is a minor basilica of the Catholic Church in downtown Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The church was designed and built in 1905 by Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino along with his fellow architect R. S. Smith and the Catholic community of Asheville. Pope John Paul II elevated the status of the church to minor basilica in 1993. It is a parish church, located within the Diocese of Charlotte.  It is on the National Register of Historic Places and is the only basilica in western North Carolina. Its dome, inspired by the Royal Basilica of Our Lady of the Forsaken of Valencia, has a span of 58 by 82 feet (18 by 25 m), and is reputed to be the largest, freestanding, elliptical dome in North America. The architectural style is Spanish Renaissance Revival.

It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District.

Saint Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence (Latin: Laurentius, lit. 'laurelled'; 31 December 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Valerian in 258.
Floodlit Stakes
The Floodlit Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain, which is open to horses aged three years or older. 
It is run at Kempton Park over a distance of 1 mile, 3 furlongs and 219 yards (2,414 metres). It is scheduled to take place each year in November.

The race was first run in 2006, over a distance of 2 miles, but was reduced to its current distance in 2007.

Kempton Park Racecourse
Kempton Park Racecourse is a horse racing track together with a licensed entertainment and conference venue in Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey, England, on the border with Greater London; it is 13 miles west of Charing Cross in central London. The site has 210 acres (85 hectares) of flat grassland surrounded by woodland with two lakes in its centre. Its entrance borders Kempton Park railway station which was created for racegoers on a branch line from London Waterloo, via Clapham Junction.

It has adjoining inner and outer courses for flat and National Hunt racing. Among its races, the King George VI Chase takes place on Boxing Day, a Grade 1 National Hunt chase which is open to horses aged four years or older.
2018–19 Irish Cup
The 2018–19 Irish Cup (known as the Tennent's Irish Cup for sponsorship purposes) was the 139th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knockout cup competition in Northern Irish football. The competition began on 11 August 2018 and concluded with the final at Windsor Park on 4 May 2019.

Coleraine were the defending champions, having defeated Cliftonville in the 2018 final. Crusaders were the eventual winners, defeating second-tier side Ballinamallard United 3–0 in the final to lift the Cup for the fourth time overall, and the first time in the 10 years since winning the 2009 final.

2008–09 Irish Cup
The 2008–09 Irish Cup was the 129th edition of the Irish Cup, Northern Ireland's premier football knock-out cup competition. The competition began on 25 October 2008 with the first round and ended on 9 May 2009 with the final.

Linfield were the defending champions, winning their third consecutive Irish Cup the previous season after a 2–1 win over Coleraine in the 2008 final. This season they reached the semi-finals, but were defeated by Cliftonville. Crusaders went on to lift the trophy, beating Cliftonville 1–0 in the final. In doing so, they earned a place in the second qualifying round of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League.
Mihin Lanka
Mihin Lanka was a low-fare leisure airline based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It was owned by the Sri Lankan government. The airline operated scheduled flights from its hub at Bandaranaike International Airport to a number of cities in the Indian subcontinent, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Africa. It code-shared with its partner SriLankan Airlines on several routes, as part of a consolidation exercise between the two airlines.

The airline was plagued by financial losses, debt, waste, and corruption since its inception in 2007. In order to reduce losses and increase productivity, the government approved the merger of Mihin Lanka with SriLankan Airlines by the end of 2016.

Mihin Lanka ceased operations in October 2016 when SriLankan Airlines resumed its schedule on routes formerly operated by Mihin Lanka and took over the additional destinations.

Aircraft lease
Aircraft leases are leases used by airlines and other aircraft operators. Airlines lease aircraft from other airlines or leasing companies for two main reasons: to operate aircraft without the financial burden of buying them, as well as to provide temporary increase in capacity. The industry has two main leasing types: wet-leasing, which is normally used for short-term leasing, and dry-leasing which is more normal for longer-term leases. The industry also uses combinations of wet and dry. For example, when the aircraft is wet-leased to establish new services, then as the airline's flight or cabin crews become trained, they can be switched to a dry lease. In some markets, there may also be hybrid models, such as with crew provided by lessees.
Directorate of Naval Intelligence (Bangladesh)
The Directorate of Naval Intelligence is the primary military intelligence agency of the Bangladesh Navy, responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence related to maritime security, naval operations, and threats in Bangladesh's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone.

Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.
2014 Texas elections
Elections were held in Texas on November 4, 2014. All of Texas's executive officers were up for election as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of Texas's thirty-six seats in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on March 4, 2014. Primary runoffs, required if no candidate wins a majority of the vote, were held on May 27, 2014. Elections were also held for the Texas legislature and proposition 1, seeking funds for Texas highways (which passed).

A combination of retirements, incumbents seeking other offices and a primary defeat means that after the election, for the first time since 1874, all of Texas's executive offices were held by new officeholders.

The Tea Party made large gains in the 2014 elections, with Tea Party-backed candidates being elected into offices such as lieutenant governor and attorney general, among other offices.

Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution.  The comptroller is popularly elected every four years, and is primarily tasked with collecting all state tax revenue and estimating the amount of revenue that the Texas Legislature can spend each biennium. The current acting comptroller is Kelly Hancock, who took office on July 1, 2025.
Eisheth
In Kabbalah, Eisheth Zenunim (Hebrew: אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים, lit. 'Woman of Whoredom') is a princess of the qlippoth who rules Gamaliel, the order of the qlippoth of Yesod. She is found in Zohar 1:5a as a feminine personification of sin.

Eisheth Zenunim is one of the four mates of Samael, who is a destructive and seductive force. The other three female demons are Lilith, Naamah, and Agrat bat Mahlat, comprising a group that has been compared to the Sidonian Astarte.

Qlippoth
In the Zohar, Lurianic Kabbalah, and Hermetic Qabalah, the qlippoth (Hebrew: קְלִיפּוֹת, romanized: qəlippōṯ, lit. "peels", "shells", or "husks", sg. קְלִפָּה qəlippā; originally, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קְלִיפִּין, romanized: qəlippin) are the representation of evil or impure spiritual forces in Jewish mysticism, the opposites of the sefirot. The realm of evil is called Sitra Achra (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סִטְרָא אַחְרָא, romanized: siṭrā ʾaḥrā, lit. 'the Other Side') in Kabbalistic texts.
3rd Chess Olympiad
The 3rd Chess Olympiad (German: Die 3. Schacholympiade), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open and women's tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between July 13 and July 27, 1930, in Hamburg, Germany. The 2nd Women's World Chess Championship also took place during the Olympiad.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Tamil script
The Tamil script (தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi [tamiɻ ˈaɾitːɕuʋaɽi]) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere to write the Tamil language. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. Certain minority languages such as Saurashtra, Badaga, Irula and Paniya are also written in the Tamil script.

Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are [n], [ŋ] and [m], in words such as nose, bring and mouth.

Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages. There are also other kinds of nasal consonants in some languages.
Viridothelium vonkonratii
Viridothelium vonkonratii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen-forming fungus in the family Trypetheliaceae. The lichen forms a very pale olive-yellow crust on tree bark with an uneven to bumpy surface featuring gall-like swellings. Its reproductive structures are solitary or become crowded, almost completely hidden within the lichen body with only the upper portions sometimes breaking through as dark greyish areas, and each produces large ascospores divided into numerous horizontal segments. The species is known only from Kadavu Island in Fiji, where it was discovered during a field expedition in 2011.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Disco Inferno
"Disco Inferno" is a song by American disco band the Trammps from their 1976 studio album of same name. With two other cuts by the group, it reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Dance Club Songs chart in early 1977, but had limited mainstream success until 1978, after being included on the soundtrack to the 1977 film Saturday Night Fever, when a re-release hit number eleven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

It was also covered in 1993 by American-born singer Tina Turner on What's Love Got to Do with It, and in 1998 by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper on the A Night at the Roxbury soundtrack. Among others who covered this are Damien Lovelock, Hardsonic Bottoms 3, and Vicki Shepard.

What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)
What's Love Got to Do with It is a 1993 American biographical film based on the life of singer-songwriter Tina Turner. Directed by Brian Gibson and written by Kate Lanier from an uncredited story draft by the late Howard Ashman, based on Tina's 1986 autobiography I, Tina, it stars Angela Bassett as Tina and Laurence Fishburne as her abusive husband Ike Turner.

What's Love Got to Do with It premiered in Los Angeles on June 6, 1993, and was theatrically released by Touchstone Pictures on June 25, 1993. Although the Turners disapproved of its inaccuracies, the film was critically and commercially successful, grossing $61 million on a $15 million budget. For their performances, Bassett and Fishburne received nominations at the 66th Academy Awards for Best Actress and Best Actor. Bassett also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.
Manx Electric Cars 24-27
This article details Car Nos. 24–27 of the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man.

This was the sixth batch of tramcars delivered.  These open cars were purchased from G.F. Milnes & Co., in 1898 and only No.24 has been lost, and this was in the 1930 fire at Laxey.  Of those remaining, No.25 was stripped of her trucks and motors in 2003 and these have since been fitted to the "new" dedicated works car, now known as No.34.  No.26 and No.27 have both been out of service for many years.

Manx Electric Railway
The Manx Electric Railway (Manx: Raad Yiarn Lectragh Vannin) is an electric interurban tramway connecting Douglas, Laxey and Ramsey in the Isle of Man. It connects with the Douglas Bay Horse Tramway at its southern terminus at Derby Castle at the northern end of the promenade in Douglas, and with the Snaefell Mountain Railway at Laxey. Many visitors take an excursion on the trams. It is the oldest electric tram line in the world whose original rolling stock is still in service.
Salaan Carrabey
Salaan Mahamud Hirsi (Somali: Salaan Maxamuud Xirsi, Arabic: سلام محمود حرسي) (1850 – 1943), better known as Salaan Carrabey, was a famous poet from the Adan Madoba sub-division of the Habr Je'lo Isaaq clan.

Burao
Burao, also spelt Bur'o or Bur'ao (Burr-OH; Somali: Burco, IPA: [Burˈʕo], Arabic: برعو), is the capital of the Togdheer region and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao was the site of the declaration of an independent Somaliland on 18 May 1991.
Dean Potter
Dean Spaulding Potter (April 14, 1972 – May 16, 2015) was an American free climber, alpinist, BASE jumper, and highliner. He completed many hard first ascents, free solo ascents, speed ascents, and enchainments in Yosemite National Park and Patagonia. He won the Laureus World Action Sportsperson of the Year award in 2003. In 2015, he died in a wingsuit flying accident in Yosemite National Park.

Hans Florine
Hans Florine (born June 18, 1964) is an American rock climber, who holds the record for the number of ascents of Yosemite Valley's El Capitan and is known for holding the speed record on The Nose of Yosemite’s El Capitan 8 different times.  Hans' last speed record on The Nose was accomplished with Alex Honnold for climbing The Nose  in 2:23:46 (2 hours, 23 minutes and 46 seconds), on June 17, 2012. In addition to climbing El Capitan over 175 times, Hans also holds the record for the number of ascents of The Nose, climbing it more than 111 times.

El Capitan is traditionally climbed in three to five days. The Nose route is 2,900 ft long (880 m) and features 31 pitches of strenuous, exposed climbing.  This translates to a rate of roughly 5 minutes per pitch.

Florine is well regarded in the climbing community, and pioneered many of the methods currently used in speed climbing.