hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clearwell
Clearwell (anciently "Clower-Wall" etc.) is a village and former ancient manor in the Forest of Dean, West Gloucestershire, England. Situated 3 miles south of Coleford and 2.5 miles east of the Welsh border (with Monmouthshire), a recent survey indicated that the population of Clearwell is approximately 350.

There are mines locally that date back over 7,000 years to the mining of ochre and are known as Clearwell Caves. Later, the Romans mined iron at Clearwell Meend. Iron production expanded in medieval times and peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, leaving a legacy of fine stone built buildings.

Clearwell Castle, a 'mock' castle of Gothic architecture built in 1728, is located in Clearwell.

Coleford, Gloucestershire
Coleford is a market town in the west of the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, two miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border and close to the Wye Valley. It is the administrative centre of the Forest of Dean district. The combined population of the town's two electoral wards at the 2011 census was 8,359. The population of the town's parish was 9,273 in the 2021 Census.  The parish includes the village of Baker's Hill.
IWoz
iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It is a 2006 New York Times bestselling autobiography by computer engineer and programmer Steve Wozniak. It was co-authored by writer Gina Smith and published by W. W. Norton & Company.

In iWoz, Wozniak gives a short history of his life, the founding of Apple Computer and some of his other ventures. Near the end of the book, Wozniak explains that he wrote the book in order to dispel some misconceptions that have been spread about him, his relationship with Steve Jobs and his relationship with and feelings towards Apple. Wozniak presents his story in short vignettes, never longer than a few pages, and most no longer than just a few paragraphs.

The photo plates of the book use several images from Wikimedia Commons.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Trueno (wrestler)
Trueno (born May 10, 1979 in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a tecnico ("Good guy") wrestling character. Trueno's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. Trueno is the son of the original Trueno, and has previously worked under the ring name Trueno, Jr. as well as Mr. Trueno (not to be mistaken for the current Mr. Trueno). He is the brother of CMLL wrestler Delta. Trueno is Spanish for "Thunder", which is reflected in lightning bolts both on his mask and tights.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Deborah J. Cotton
Deborah J. Cotton is the Associate Director for Research, Section of Infectious Diseases at the Boston Medical Center and Emerita Professor of Medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM).  She’s also been a professor of Epidemiology at the Boston University School of Public Health.

Boston University School of Medicine
The Boston University School of Medicine (formally the Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine) is the medical school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1848. Originally known as the New England Female Medical College, it was renamed Boston University School of Medicine in 1873. It became the Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, in 2022. In 1864, it became the first medical school in the United States to award an MD degree to an African-American woman.

The school is the only medical school located in the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Medical Center, its primary teaching hospital, operates the largest 24-hour Level I trauma center in New England, and the largest network of regional community health centers. The school is the home of the Framingham Heart Study, from which all knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors were originally discovered.
France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 with the song "L'Oiseau et l'Enfant", composed by Jean-Paul Cara, with lyrics by Joe Gracy, and performed by Marie Myriam. The French participating broadcaster, Télévision Française 1 (TF1), selected its entry through a national final. The entry eventually won the Eurovision Song Contest, making France the first country to achieve five victories in the contest.

Jean-Paul Cara
Jean-Paul Cara (born 9 September 1948) is a French singer and composer. He has authored several songs that have won prizes at the Eurovision contest, most notably the single L'Oiseau et l'Enfant in collaboration with Joe Gracy and performed by Marie Myriam (1st place for France, 1977 Eurovision Song Contest).

France has not won a Eurovision since. Cara wrote the song "Un, deux, trois", performed by Catherine Ferry, that came in 2nd place (for France) at Eurovision 1976. He collaborated with Pierre Delanoë on the French lyrics for the song Ein bißchen Frieden, composed by Ralph Siegel, that won 1st place for Germany at Eurovision 1982. His on-stage performance at the 1980 Eurovision, taking part in Sophie et Magaly's entry of "Papa Pingouin", granted them 9th place with 56 points.

In January 2010 Jean-Paul Cara was named an Officier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He lives in Nébian, France and continues to perform.
Paolo Pescetto
Paolo Pescetto (Genova, 12 January 1995) is an Italian rugby union player.
His usual position is as a Fly-Half and he currently plays for Valorugby Emilia in Serie A Elite.

For 2019–20 Pro14 season, he was named as Additional Player for Zebre. In 2020–21 Pro14 and 2021–22 United Rugby Championship seasons he played for Zebre. It was announced on 6 January 2022 that he was leaving Zebre to join Colorno.
He played with Colorno until summer 2024.

In 2016 and 2021 Pescetto was named in the Emerging Italy squad for the Nations Cup and for the 2021 end-of-year rugby union internationals

Zebre Parma
Zebre Parma (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdzɛbre], meaning "Zebras") are an Italian professional rugby union team competing in the United Rugby Championship and EPCR competitions from the 2012–13 season. They are based in Parma (Emilia-Romagna), Italy. They are operated by the Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) and replaced Aironi in the Pro12.

Zebre Parma, often referred to as "the XV of the North-West" (Italian: il XV del Nord-Ovest), represents the four committees of Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Lombardy and Piedmont, which includes tens of thousands of members and several clubs. Since 2018, it represents also teams from others committees like Abruzzo, Lazio, Marche, Tuscany and Sicily. The team was officially named Zebre Parma at the start of the 2021–22 United Rugby Championship season.
Chocolate pudding
Chocolate puddings are a class of desserts in the pudding family with chocolate flavors.  There are two main types: a boiled then chilled dessert, texturally a custard set with starch, commonly eaten in the U.S., Canada, Germany, Sweden, Poland, and East and South East Asia; and a steamed/baked version, texturally similar to cake, popular in the UK, Ireland, Australia, Germany and New Zealand.

Christmas pudding
Christmas pudding is a sweet boiled or steamed pudding traditionally served as part of Christmas dinner in Britain. It has its origins in medieval England, with early recipes making use of dried fruit, suet, breadcrumbs, flour, eggs and spice, along with liquid such as milk or fortified wine. Later, recipes became more elaborate. In 1845, cookery writer Eliza Acton wrote the first recipe for a dish called "Christmas pudding".

The dish is sometimes known as plum pudding (though this can also refer to other kinds of boiled pudding involving dried fruit). The word "plum" was used then for what has been called a "raisin" since the 18th century, and the pudding does not contain plums in the modern sense of the word.
Liberalism in Latvia
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Latvia. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in the Saeima. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labelled themselves as a liberal party.

For Latvia's Development
For Latvia's Development (Latvian: Latvijas attīstībai, abbr. LA) is a classical liberal political party in Latvia. It is positioned on the centre-right on the political spectrum. From 2018 to 2022 it was one of the members of the Development/For! alliance, before it de facto dissolved.
Regina Maria Pia-class ironclad
The Regina Maria Pia class was a group of four ironclad warships built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1860s. The class comprised four ships, Regina Maria Pia, San Martino, Castelfidardo, and Ancona. They were built by French shipyards, since Italian yards were unable to meet the demand of the rapidly expanding Italian fleet. The ships were broadside ironclads and mounted a battery of twenty-six muzzle loading guns.

All four ships saw action at the Battle of Lissa during the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. Regina Maria Pia was badly burned in the battle, but the other three vessels were not seriously damaged. The ships served in a variety of roles for the remainder of their long careers; they were modernized in the late 1880s and thereafter used as a training ships. Regina Maria Pia, San Martino, and Ancona were discarded in 1903–1904, and Castelfidardo joined them in the breaker's yard in 1910.

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.
Elymus californicus
Elymus californicus is a species of wild rye known by the common name California bottlebrush grass. This grass is endemic to California where it is an uncommon species known from a few counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows between one and two meters in height. The tall, erect stem is nearly naked, bearing the occasional sheathing leaf with a blade 10 to 20 centimeters long. It bears an erect inflorescence which curves as it becomes heavier in grain. Each inflorescence is divided into three or four nodes with three or four spikelets per node. Each spikelet is between one and two centimeters long, not counting a long awn about two centimeters long.

Elymus (plant)
Elymus is a genus of perennial plants with approximately 150 species in the grass family,  related to rye, wheat, and other widely grown cereal grains.

Elymus is a cosmopolitan genus, represented by species across all continents of the world.
Common names include couch grass, wild rye and wheatgrass.

The genus name Elymus comes from the Greek ἔλυμος (élumos) "foxtail millet, Setaria italica".
Virtual visitation
Virtual visitation is the use of electronic communication tools to provide contact between a parent and his or her children as part of a parenting plan or custody order.  Virtual visitation includes many forms of communication, such as e-mail, instant messaging, and videoconferencing.

Parenting plan
A parenting plan is a child custody plan that is negotiated by parents, and which may be included in a marital separation agreement or final decree of divorce. Especially when a separation is acrimonious to begin with, specific agreements about who will discharge these responsibilities and when and how they are to be discharged can reduce the need for litigation. Avoiding litigation spares parties not only the financial and emotional costs of litigation but the uncertainty of how favorable or unfavorable a court's after-the-fact decision will be.  Moreover, the agreement itself can authorize the employment of dispute-resolution methods, such as arbitration and mediation, that may be less costly than litigation.
2025 Tour of Norway
The 2025 Tour of Norway was a road cycling stage race that took place between 29 May and 1 June 2025 in Norway. The race was rated as a category 2.Pro event on the 2025 UCI ProSeries calendar, and was the 14th edition of the Tour of Norway.

2025 UCI ProSeries
The 2025 UCI ProSeries was the sixth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consists of 58 events, of which 35 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 23 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 51 events in Europe, five in Asia, and one in the United States.
Non-commercial activity
A non-commercial (also spelled noncommercial) activity is an activity that is not carried out in the interest of profit. The opposite is commercial, something that primarily serves profit interests and is focused on business.

For example, advertising-free community radio stations are typically nonprofit organizations staffed by individuals volunteering their efforts to air a wide variety of radio programming, and do not run explicit radio advertisements, included in the United States specific grouping of "non-commercial educational" (NCE) public radio stations.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Velvet McIntyre
Velvet McIntyre (born November 24, 1962) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler. After beginning her career in 1980, she wrestled in American independent promotions before joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). She had rivalries with both The Fabulous Moolah and Sherri Martel and held the WWF Women's Championship and WWF Women's Tag Team Championship. After the WWF's women's division went on hiatus in the 1990s, McIntyre wrestled in several Canadian promotions, holding several championships.

McIntyre wore wrestling boots for the first four years of her career, but later wrestled barefoot when someone took one of her boots as a joke and she was forced to wrestle without them. Wrestling barefoot subsequently became one of her trademarks, as well as her high flying wrestling maneuvers.

NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship
The NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship is a women's professional wrestling tag team championship defended in member promotions of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). Ella Waldek and Mae Young are the inaugural champions. The current champions are The Hex (Allysin Kay and Marti Belle), who are in their second reign as a team and individually. They won the titles by defeating TVMA (Tiffany Nieves and Valentina) on December 13, 2025 at the NWA Powerrr tapings (aired February 10, 2026) in St. Louis, Missouri.
Medcouple
In statistics, the medcouple is a robust statistic that measures the skewness of a univariate distribution.  It is defined as a scaled median difference between the left and right half of a distribution. Its robustness makes it suitable for identifying outliers in adjusted boxplots. Ordinary box plots do not fare well with skew distributions, since they label the longer unsymmetrical tails as outliers. Using the medcouple, the whiskers of a boxplot can be adjusted for skew distributions and thus have a more accurate identification of outliers for non-symmetrical distributions.

As a kind of order statistic, the medcouple belongs to the class of incomplete generalised L-statistics. Like the ordinary median or mean, the medcouple is a nonparametric statistic, thus it can be computed for any distribution.

Order statistic
In statistics, the kth order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its kth-smallest value. 
Given a sample of size , the kth order statistic is denoted , with .
Together with rank statistics, order statistics are among the most fundamental tools in non-parametric statistics and inference.

Important special cases of the order statistics are the minimum and maximum value of a sample, and (with some qualifications discussed below) the sample median and other sample quantiles.

When using probability theory to analyze order statistics of random samples from a continuous distribution, the cumulative distribution function is used to reduce the analysis to the case of order statistics of the uniform distribution.
Floriade 1960
Floriade 1960 was a horticultural exhibition and garden festival held in Rotterdam, Netherlands which took place from 25 March to 25 September 1960 in Het Park near the Meuse River. It was the first edition of the Floriade to be organised under the auspices of the Association of International Horticultural Producers (AIPH) and also the first international horticultural exposition to be recognised by the Bureau International des Expositions.

To mark the occasion of the Floriade, the Euromast was built and inaugurated. The tower was 107 meters high, making it the tallest structure in the city. The tower's height was increased after the end of the Floriade.

International Association of Horticultural Producers
The International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH / IAHP) is a trade association dedicated to promoting horticultural producers and held the international garden / flora festivals or expositions.

AIPH aims to put flower, plant and landscaping services on a global agenda, with a vision to:

Stimulate increased demand for ornamental trees, plants and flowers worldwide.

Protect and promote the interests of the industry.

Be an international hub for industry information and knowledge exchange.

Lead best practice in ornamentals production
Jack Pinoteau
Jack Pinoteau (20 September 1923 – 6 April 2017) or Jacques Pinoteau was a French film director born at Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines. A brother of Claude Pinoteau and Arlette Merry, he is mostly known for his direction of the film Le Triporteur, after a novel by René Fallet which made Darry Cowl famous.

Pinoteau died on 6 April 2017, aged 93.

1957 in film
The year 1957 in film involved some significant events. The Bridge on the River Kwai topped the year's box office in North America, France, and Germany, and won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
Through the Window
Through the Window is an album by the American music project Prurient, a performing name of artist Dominick Fernow. The three-song album was released on March 19, 2013 through the English label Blackest Ever Black. Though released in 2013, the tracks for Through the Window were recorded in October 2011 at the same time as Prurient's two Hydra Head Records releases — the studio album Bermuda Drain (2011) and the EP Time's Arrow (2011) — and were noted for musically showing more techno influences, akin to one of Fernow's other projects, Vatican Shadow.

Time's Arrow (EP)
Time's Arrow is an EP by the American musical project Prurient, the performing name of the artist Dominick Fernow. It was released on October 25, 2011, through Hydra Head Records, and was described as "taking a bold step away from the sounds which drew attention his way in the formative years."

The EP's title track "Time's Arrow" references both the novel Time's Arrow and the Black Dahlia murder.
Ohio State University Libraries
The Ohio State University Libraries are the collective academic libraries of the Ohio State University and its regional campuses. This system welcomes Ohio State faculty, students, visiting scholars and the general public to study and research. It includes ten libraries located on the Columbus campus, six libraries on the regional campus of the university and nine special collections. The Ohio State University Libraries offer educational resources and services to support readers to research, learn and teach. They can help researchers find and borrow physical and digital materials from articles, journals, databases, books, dissertations, theses, newspapers, streaming videos and images, etc. The Ohio State University Libraries hold over six million volumes in traditional library formats and more in electronic information resources.

William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library
The William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library (commonly referred to as the Thompson Library) is the main library at Ohio State University's Columbus campus. It is the university's largest library and houses its main stacks, special collections, rare books and manuscripts, and many departmental subject libraries. The library was originally built in 1912, and was renovated in 1951, 1977, and 2009. It is named in honor of the university's fifth president, William Oxley Thompson.
Corps style band
A Corps style band is a type of marching band based on those of Drum Corps International. Notable differences include the introduction of the roll step, backwards marching and sliding, and the "8 to 5" step size.

Glide step
The glide step or roll step is a form of movement used by marching bands to minimize upper body movement, enabling musicians to play their instruments and march without air-stream interruptions.  Standardizing the style of marching also serves to add to the visual effect of a marching band.  Sometimes special shoes are worn with a curved heel that facilitates rolling the foot.  Glide stepping is used by many high school and college marching bands, and by many drum corps.
Erlander I cabinet
The first cabinet of Tage Erlander was the cabinet and government of Sweden between 11 October 1946 and 1 October 1951. It was formed following the sudden death of Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson on 6 October 1946.

It was succeeded on 1 October 1951 by the Erlander II Cabinet, a coalition government between the Social Democratic Party and the centre-right Farmers' League.

Government of Sweden
The government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet of Sweden, and the country's executive authority.

The government consists of the prime minister and their cabinet ministers (Swedish: statsråd). The government is responsible for its actions to the Riksdag.

The prime minister is nominated by the Speaker of the Riksdag, and is elected and discharged by vote of the Riksdag. The cabinet ministers are appointed and dismissed at the discretion of the prime minister. The Speaker shall discharge cabinet ministers that have lost a vote of confidence in the Riksdag.

The short-form name regeringen ("the government") is used both in the Basic Laws of Sweden and in the vernacular, while the long-form is only used in international treaties.