hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dennis Spurgeon
Dennis Ray Spurgeon (born October 23, 1943) is a former Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy within the United States Department of Energy. He was sworn in on April 3, 2006, becoming the most senior nuclear technology official in the American government. In addition, he is the leader of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, a strategy aimed at accelerating the demonstration of a more proliferation resistant closed fuel cycle and reducing the possibility that nuclear energy could be used for non-peaceful purposes. In his capacity as Assistant Secretary, he has previously served as Acting 
Under Secretary of Energy for Energy and Environment.

Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
The under secretary of energy oversees the department's energy and environment programs. The under secretary plays an instrumental role in the development of energy related research and development necessary to meet the United States' growing energy need and work to advance the nations energy and electricity security.

The under secretary of energy is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.  The current acting under secretary is Alex Fitzsimmons, who was appointed when Preston Wells Griffith III, who was sworn in on July 10, 2025, was removed on October 20, 2025. Kyle Haustveit was nominated to be the new under secretary in February 2026.
South Navi Mumbai
South Navi Mumbai is an informal term used to refer to the southernmost nodes of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. The region generally includes nodes such as Uran, Dronagiri, Ulwe, and surrounding nodes developed or planned by the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO). It lies in Raigad district and forms part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR).

Dronagiri
18°52′32″N 72°57′42″E﻿ / ﻿18.875431°N 72.961658°E﻿ / 18.875431; 72.961658

Dronagiri is a node of Navi Mumbai in Raigad district. Dronagiri railway station, located on the Port Railway line, provides suburban rail connectivity, while road links connect the node to Uran, JNPT, and other parts of Navi Mumbai and Mumbai, respectively.

The node is located to the east of Uran town in South Navi Mumbai, and is bound by the Karanja River on the south-east. Residential areas are located to the west and north-west of the node, while the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) area and township are located towards the north of the node. The node is adjacent to the JNPT port, and is located farthest from the central business districts of Belapur, Nerul and Vashi. Due to its proximity to the port, this node is ideal for port-based industries.
Manningham United Blues FC
Manningham United Blues Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Templestowe, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The club competes in Victoria Premier League 1. The club was formed in 1999 by local residents and was known as Manningham Juniors Soccer Club.

In 2010, Manningham Juniors Soccer Club obtained a Senior Men's license from Fawkner SC. Manningham United plays their senior games at Pettys Reserve.

Dandenong Thunder FC
Dandenong Thunder FC is a soccer club from Dandenong, a suburb in the South-East region of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They are an Albanian Australian-backed club. Thunder compete in the National Premier Leagues Victoria.

In 2012, Dandenong claimed the famous treble of the Victorian Premier League Minor Premiership, the Football Federation Victoria State Knockout Cup and the VPL championship.
Peter J. McQuillan
Peter J. McQuillan (February 26, 1929 – September 19, 2019) was an American judge and jurist. In legal circles, McQuillan was most noted for his work and expertise in the complete revision of the New York State penal code in the 1960s, the first major overhaul of that law since the 1800s.

Following the revised penal code's enactment in 1971, McQuillan then served 21 years as a judge in New York, before retiring from the New York State Supreme Court in 1992.

Among his many cases in the news, he ruled against jury exclusions based on gender; against prosecutorial withholding of evidence in the case of Dhoruba al-Mujahid bin Wahad; against illegal search and seizure in the case of playwright Miguel Pinero; and against unwarranted government surveillance. He also co-wrote an independent review of flaws in the criminal case mounted against Jeffrey Deskovic, an upstate New York man who spent half his life in prison for a rape and murder he did not commit.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Billingborough
Billingborough is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately  10 miles (16 km) north of Bourne and 10 miles south of Sleaford, and on the B1177 between Horbling and Pointon just south of the A52.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
Bochner–Martinelli formula
In mathematics, the Bochner–Martinelli formula is a generalization of the Cauchy integral formula to functions of several complex variables, introduced by Enzo Martinelli (1938) and Salomon Bochner (1943).

Cauchy's integral formula
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function. Cauchy's formula shows that, in complex analysis, "differentiation is equivalent to integration": complex differentiation, like integration, behaves well under uniform limits – a result that does not hold in real analysis.
Brockway Glass Company
Brockway Glass Company was founded in 1907 in Brockway, Pennsylvania by the Brockway Machine Bottle Company (which later became Brockway Glass). Brockway manufactured and sold glass containers and tubing along with plastic products manufactured through wholly owned subsidiaries. In 1964, Brockway bought several Hazel-Atlas Glass Company factories from the Continental Can Company as part of a lawsuit settlement. In 1987, Owens-Illinois made a bid of $60 per share (worth $750 million) to acquire Brockway, which was met with resistance by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). After a Federal District Judge denied the FTC's request for an injunction, Owens-Illinois acquired Brockway's shares.

In 2018, the former Brockway Glass plant in Washington County, Pennsylvania (closed since the late 1980s) was awarded a $1.5 million grant from Pennsylvania’s Redevelopment Assistance Capital Program.

O-I Glass
O-I Glass, Inc. (formerly Owens-Illinois) is an American company that specializes in container glass products. It is the largest manufacturer of glass containers in North America, South America, Asia-Pacific and Europe (after acquiring BSN Glasspack in 2004).
Bogoria Skotnicka
Bogoria Skotnicka [bɔˈɡɔrja skɔtˈnit͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Samborzec, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Samborzec, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 80 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Samborzec
Samborzec [samˈbɔʐɛt͡s] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Samborzec. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Temporarily Yours (song)
"Temporarily Yours" is a single by American country music artist Jeanne Pruett. Released in February 1980, and was the third single from the album Encore!.  The song reached #5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, becoming her biggest hit single on that chart since 1973's "Satin Sheets".

Satin Sheets (Jeanne Pruett song)
"Satin Sheets" is a song written by John Volinkaty, and originally recorded by Bill Anderson and Jan Howard on their March 1972 duet album, Bill & Jan or (Jan & Bill). It was then famously covered by American country music artist Jeanne Pruett in February 1973 as the first single and title track from her album of the same name.  The song was Pruett's only Number One country hit, as well as her only chart entry on the Billboard Hot 100.
Detective Conan: Quarter of Silence
Detective Conan: Quarter of Silence (名探偵コナン　沈黙の１５分(クォーター), Meitantei Konan: Chinmoku no Kwōtā) is a 2011 Japanese animated mystery thriller film and the fifteenth film installment of the manga and anime series Case Closed. The film was released on April 16, 2011. This film celebrates the fifteenth anniversary of the anime. Magic File 2011, ties in with the film and was released on the same day as the film's premiere.

Jimmy Kudo
Shin'ichi Kudo (Japanese: 工藤 新一, Hepburn: Kudō Shin'ichi), known in some major English adaptations as Jimmy Kudo, is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the manga series Case Closed, created by Gosho Aoyama. A high school detective, he is forced to ingest a poison after an encounter with members of a criminal organization. Due to a rare side effect, the poison did not kill him, but instead shrunk his body into that of a child, forcing him to adopt the pseudonym Conan Edogawa (江戸川 コナン, Edogawa Konan). He lives with his childhood friend Ran Mouri and her father as he awaits the day he can take down the organization that poisoned him and reclaim his original identity.
Jeremiah 43
Jeremiah 43 is the forty-third chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapters 42-44 describe the emigration to Egypt involving the remnant who remained in Judah after much of the population was exiled to Babylon. In this chapter, Jeremiah performs in Egypt one of the sign-acts distinctive of his prophetic style.

Alfred Rahlfs
Alfred Rahlfs (/rɑːlfs/; German: [ʀaːlfs]; 29 May 1865 – 8 April 1935) was a German Biblical scholar. He was a member of the history of religions school. He is known for his edition of the Septuagint published in 1935.
Cyrtodactylus fasciolatus
Cyrtodactylus fasciolatus, commonly known as the banded bent-toed gecko, is a species of gecko found in north-western India (West Himalaya, Subathu/ Simla, Garhwal Hills, Almora, Kumaon, Himachal Pradesh).
Type locality: Subathu, Simla District.

Sabathu
Sabathu (also known as Subathu) is a cantonment town in Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It has a historic association with the Anglo-Nepalese War, and is now the centre of the 1st Gorkha Rifles and the 4th Gorkha Rifles of the Indian Army.
Erica Ollmann Saphire
Erica Ollmann Saphire is an American structural biologist and immunologist and a professor at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology. She investigates the structural biology of viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever such as Ebola, Sudan, Marburg, Bundibugyo, and Lassa.

Saphire has served as president and CEO of La Jolla Institute for Immunology since 2021.

Cryogenic electron microscopy
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed in the 1970s, advances in detector technology and software allow biomolecular structures to be imaged at near-atomic resolution. The approach has become a popular alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy in structural biology.

When scanning biological specimens, sample structure is preserved by embedding in vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane.

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Nature Methods also named cryo-EM as the "Method of the Year" in 2015.
Christianization of Lithuania
The Christianization of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos krikštas) occurred in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, initiated by the Lithuanian royals Jogaila, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his cousin Vytautas the Great. It signified the official adoption of Catholic Christianity by Lithuania, the last pagan country in Europe. However, Lithuania's first ruler to be baptised was Mindaugas in 1250s. This event ended one of the most complicated and lengthiest processes of Christianization in European history.

Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI (Latin: Urbanus VI; Italian: Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (Italian pronunciation: [bartoloˈmɛːo priɲˈɲaːno]), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death, in October 1389. He was the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate began shortly after the end of the Avignon Papacy. It was marked by immense conflict between rival factions as a part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe, such as France, the Iberian Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, and Scotland recognizing Clement VII, based in Avignon, as the true pope.
Kirill Aleshin
Kirill Pavlovich Aleshin (Russian: Кирилл Павлович Алёшин; born 24 April 1997) is a Russian retired ice dancer. With his former skating partner, Anastasia Skoptsova, he was the 2020 Rostelecom Cup bronze medalist, 2018 CS Tallinn Trophy silver medalist, and 2021 Russian national bronze medalist.

Earlier in their career, they won gold at the 2018 World Junior Championships and 2017 Junior Grand Prix Final, as well as bronze at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.

Lorraine McNamara
Lorraine McNamara (born February 18, 1999) is an American ice dancer. With her skating partner, Anton Spiridonov, she is the 2023 World University Games silver medalist and 2022 CS U.S. Classic bronze medalist.

With her former partner, Quinn Carpenter, she is the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki bronze medalist, a three-time silver medalist on the ISU Challenger Series, and the 2019 U.S. national pewter medalist. Earlier in their career, they became the 2016 World Junior champions, the 2015 JGP Final champions, and two-time U.S. national junior champions.
Experimental aircraft
An Experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts.

The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel.

The term "experimental aircraft" also has specific legal meaning in Australia, the United States and some other countries; usually used to refer to aircraft flown with an experimental certificate. In the United States, this also includes most homebuilt aircraft, many of which are based on conventional designs and hence are experimental only in name because of certain restrictions in operation.

Testbed aircraft
A testbed aircraft is an aeroplane, helicopter or other kind of aircraft intended for flight research or testing the aircraft concepts or on-board equipment. These could be specially designed or modified from serial production aircraft.
Soft tennis at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's team
The women's team soft tennis event was part of the soft tennis programme and took place on August 31 and September 1, at the JSC - Tennis Court. Japanese women's team clinched the gold medal in this event after beat the South Korean team in the final.

Soft tennis at the 2018 Asian Games
Soft tennis at the 2018 Asian Games was held at the JSC Tennis Court, Palembang, Indonesia. It was held from 28 August to 1 September 2018.

Soft tennis had team and singles events for men and women, as well as a mixed doubles competition.
Gmina Krzywiń
Gmina Krzywiń is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Krzywiń, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of Kościan and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 179.16 square kilometres (69.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,892 (out of which the population of Krzywiń amounts to 1,547, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,345).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Chłapowski Landscape Park.

Kościan
Kościan ([ˈkɔɕt͡ɕan]) (German: Kosten) is a town on the Obra canal in west-central Poland, with a population of 23,952 inhabitants as of June 2014. Situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, it is the capital of Kościan County.
Antimony triiodide
Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SbI3.  This ruby-red solid is the only characterized "binary" iodide of antimony, i.e. the sole compound isolated with the formula SbxIy. It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Like many iodides of the heavier main group elements, its structure depends on the phase.  Gaseous SbI3 is a molecular, pyramidal species as anticipated by VSEPR theory.  In the solid state, however, the Sb center is surrounded by an octahedron of six iodide ligands, three of which are closer and three more distant.   For the related compound BiI3, all six Bi—I distances are equal.

Iodide
An iodide ion is I−. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. In everyday life, iodide is most commonly encountered as a component of iodized salt, which many governments mandate. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.
Mike Tomlin
Michael Pettaway Tomlin (born March 15, 1972) is an American professional football coach who most recently served as the head coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) from 2007 to 2025. During his 19 seasons as head coach, Tomlin never finished with a losing record, the longest streak in NFL history. At the time of his resignation, Tomlin was the longest-tenured head coach in the four major North American sports leagues.

Tomlin began his NFL career as defensive assistant with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Minnesota Vikings before joining Pittsburgh. As the Steelers head coach, he led them to 13 playoff appearances, eight division titles, three AFC Championship Games, two Super Bowl appearances, and a title in Super Bowl XLIII. At age 36, Tomlin was the youngest head coach to win the Super Bowl at the time. He is also tied with Chuck Noll for the most regular-season wins in Steelers franchise history.

2024–25 NFL playoffs
The NFL playoffs for the 2024 season began on January 11, 2025, and concluded with Super Bowl LIX on February 9 at Caesars Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the two-time defending champion Kansas City Chiefs 40–22 to win their second Super Bowl and fifth championship in franchise history.

All playoff teams in both conferences won at least 10 games, the first time since 2012 and the first time since the NFL playoffs expanded to a 14-team format in 2020. This was the second time since their respective moves to Los Angeles where the Rams and Chargers both qualified for the playoffs, after 2018, and their first since sharing SoFi Stadium.
Badien Island
19°39′16″N 30°23′14″E﻿ / ﻿19.654566°N 30.387227°E﻿ / 19.654566; 30.387227﻿ (Badien Island)

Badien Island (also spelled Jazeerat Dadeen) is one of the largest islands on the Nile and the second biggest island in Sudan. The island is 21 km (13 mi) in length and 7 km (4.3 mi) in width. It is located 56 km (35 mi) north of Dongola, the capital of the Northern state, Sudan.

Northern State (Sudan)
Northern State (Arabic: الولاية الشمالية Aš Šamāliya) is one of the 18 wilayat (states) of Sudan. It has an area of 348,765 km2 and an estimated population of 936,255. Northern Sudan was known in ancient times as Nubia. Jebel Uweinat is a mountain range in the area of the Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese border. The state has been part of historical Sudanese kingdoms and countries such as the Mahdist State and the Kingdom of Kush. The state is bordering Egypt to the North, River Nile State to the east, Khartoum State to the southeast, North Kordofan to the south, and North Darfur and Libya to the west. The disputed Wadi Halfa Salient is located on the border of the state and Egypt.
International reaction to the 2008 Zimbabwean presidential election
The events of the first and second rounds of the Zimbabwean presidential election, which Robert Mugabe of ZANU-PF won on 27 June 2008 after his challenger, Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), withdrew from the process and declared it illegitimate, caused reactions from many international bodies. Other Zimbabwean groups have denounced the poll as well (e.g. the Heads of the Christian Denominations in Zimbabwe.)

Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
The Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC–T) was a centre-left political party and was the main opposition party in the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe ahead of the 2018 elections. After the split of the original Movement for Democratic Change in 2005, the MDC–T remained the major opposition faction, while a smaller faction, the Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube, or MDC–N, was led by Welshman Ncube.
Porsche 911 RSR (2017)
The 2017 version of the Porsche 911 RSR is a racing car developed by Porsche to compete in the LM GTE categories of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest sanctioned FIA World Endurance Championship, European Le Mans Series and GTLM class, of the International Motor Sports Association's IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. It serves as the replacement for the Porsche 911 RSR (991). The car was unveiled in November 2016 at the Los Angeles Auto Show.

The 911 RSR clinched its first victory at the Northeast Grand Prix in July 2017 on Lime Rock Park.

The 911 RSR was developed into a licensed LEGO Technic scale model, released for purchase by the public in 2019.

Porsche 911 GT3
The Porsche 911 GT3 is a high-performance homologation model of the Porsche 911 sports car. It is a range of high-performance models, which began with the 1973 911 Carrera RS. The GT3 has had a successful racing career in the one-make national and regional Porsche Carrera Cup and GT3 Cup Challenge series, as well as the international Porsche Supercup supporting the FIA F1 World Championship.
Porsche was founded by Ferdinand Porsche, a visionary automotive engineer, who established the company "Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH" in Stuttgart in 1931