hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).

Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Mark Koevermans
Mark Koevermans (Dutch pronunciation: [mɑr(k) ˈkuvərmɑns]; born 3 February 1968) is a former tennis player from the Netherlands, who turned professional in 1987. He represented his native country as a lucky loser at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he was defeated in the third round by Brazil's Jaime Oncins. Going by the nickname Koef, a right-hander, won one career title in singles (Athens, 1990). He reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 27 May 1991, when he was ranked number 37.

In April 2009, Koevermans was appointed as commercial director at Dutch football club Feyenoord.

Jaime Oncins
Jaime Oncins (born 16 June 1970) is a former professional tennis player from Brazil.

Oncins represented his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he reached the quarterfinals before falling to Russia's Andrei Cherkasov. The right-hander won two individual career titles (Bologna and Búzios, both in 1992). He reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on May 3, 1993, when he became world No. 34.

Oncins' best performance at a major was at the 1992 French Open, where he reached the Round of 16, losing to eventual finalist, Petr Korda. In the second round of the tournament, Oncins had a famous victory from two sets down against former world No. 1 and three-time French Open champion, Ivan Lendl. Oncins was also the last player that Jimmy Connors beat at the US Open. Connors beat Oncins in straight sets in the first round of the 1992 US Open.

Oncins was a runner-up in the Roland Garros mixed doubles in 2001, with Paola Suárez from Argentina.
Matudaea trinervia
Matudaea trinervia is a species of flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is native to Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Central, Southeast and Southwest), Nicaragua, and Veracruz.

The species has two accepted varieties:

Matudaea trinervia var. hirsuta (Lundell) L.M.González & N.Jiménez

Matudaea trinervia var. trinervia

Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales.  The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier system, the Cronquist system, recognized Hamamelidaceae in the Hamamelidales order.
SN 393
SN 393 is the modern designation for a probable supernova that was reported by the Chinese in the year 393 CE. An extracted record of this astronomical event was translated into English as follows:

A guest star appeared within the asterism Wěi during the second lunar month of the 18th year of the Tai-Yuan reign period, and disappeared during the ninth lunar month.

The second lunar month mentioned in the record corresponds to the period 27 February  to 28 March 393 CE, while the ninth lunar month ran from 22 October to 19 November 393 CE. The bowl-shaped asterism named Wěi is formed by the tail of the modern constellation Scorpius. This asterism consists of the stars in Scorpius designated ε, μ, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ and ν. The guest star reached an estimated apparent magnitude of −1 and was visible for about eight months before fading from sight, whose lengthy duration suggests the source was a supernova. However, a classical nova is not excluded as possibility.

Kappa Scorpii
Kappa Scorpii, Latinized from κ Scorpii, is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Scorpius. With an apparent visual magnitude of 2.4, this star system is readily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements place it at an estimated distance of roughly 480 light-years (150 parsecs) from the Earth.
Suvit Maesincee
Suvit Maesincee (Thai: สุวิทย์ เมษินทรีย์) is a former Thai politician. He served as the first Minister of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha. Anek Laothamatas was appointed as his successor. On 19 January 2022, Maesincee joined the newly formed party Sang Anakot Thai (Building Thailand's Future), founded by Uttama Savanayana and Sontirat Sontijirawong.

Second Prayut cabinet
The Second Prayut cabinet, formally known as the 62nd Council of Ministers (คณะรัฐมนตรีไทย คณะที่ 62), was formed on 10 July 2019 after the 2019 general election. The coalition is led by Palang Pracharath Party which nominated Prayut Chan-o-cha, who was then serving as Prime Minister of Thailand through the National Council for Peace and Order, as its candidate for prime minister. Prayut was elected as prime minister on 5 June 2019 and received the appointment from the royal command on 9 June 2019.

The cabinet was officially sworn into office by King Vajiralongkorn on 16 July 2019.
Metaproscaline
Metaproscaline (MP), also known as 3,4-dimethoxy-5-propoxyphenethylamine, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the derivative of mescaline in which the methoxy group at the 3 position has been replaced with a propoxy group. In addition, it is a positional isomer of proscaline.

In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other publications, Alexander Shulgin lists metaproscaline's dose as greater than 240 mg orally and its duration as unknown. The drug produced no clear effects at tested doses of up to 240 mg orally.

The chemical synthesis of metaproscaline has been described. Analogues of metaproscaline include mescaline, proscaline, and metaescaline, among others.

Metaproscaline was first described in the scientific literature by Shulgin and Peyton Jacob III in 1984. Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Shulgin in PiHKAL in 1991. The drug is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, also known as Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved, is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or entactogens. The book has two halves, with the second part containing detailed entries on 179 phenethylamines. PiHKAL was followed by TiHKAL: The Continuation (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved) (1997).
2024 Swiss Open Gstaad
The 2024 Swiss Open Gstaad (also known as the EFG Swiss Open Gstaad for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 56th edition of the Swiss Open, and part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2024 ATP Tour. It took place at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 15 through 21 July 2024.

2024 ATP Tour
The 2024 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Masters 1000, the United Cup (organized with the WTA), the ATP 500 series and the ATP 250 series. Also included in the 2024 calendar are the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), the Summer Olympics in Paris, Next Gen ATP Finals and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.

Jannik Sinner finished the year as world No. 1 for the first time in his career. He won eight tournaments during the season, including two majors at the Australian Open and US Open, as well as the ATP Finals. He also won three ATP Masters 1000 events.
2010 Wood Buffalo municipal election
The 2010 Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2010. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. The citizens of Wood Buffalo, (this includes the Urban Service Area of Fort McMurray,) Alberta, elected one mayor, eight of their ten councillors, the five Fort McMurray Public School District trustees (in Fort McMurray), three of the Northland School Division No. 61's 23 school boards (outside Fort McMurray, three or five trustees each), and the five Fort McMurray Roman Catholic Separate School District No. 32 trustees (in Fort McMurray). The two incumbent Ward 2 councillors had no challengers, and the school boards for Anzac and Janvier were acclaimed.

2010 Alberta municipal elections
Municipal elections were held in Alberta, Canada on Monday, October 18, 2010. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. Mayors (reeves), councillors (aldermen), and trustees were elected to office in 16 of the 17 cities, all 108 towns, all 95 villages, all 5 specialized municipalities, all 64 municipal districts, 3 of the 7 improvement districts, and the advisory councils of the 3 special areas. The City of Lloydminster is on the Saskatchewan schedule (every three years), and held elections on October 28, 2009 and October 24, 2012, while 4 improvement districts (Nos. 12, 13, 24, and 25) have no councils and are led solely by the Minister of Municipal Affairs. Since the 2007 municipal elections, the villages of Derwent, Kinuso, New Sarepta, and Thorhild were dissolved, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass changed from town to specialized municipality status, and the Town of Lacombe became a city.
Fairytale Forest
The Fairytale Forest (Sprookjesbos in Dutch) is a 15-acre (61,000 m2) wooded section of the amusement park Efteling in the Netherlands, where a number of well-known fairy tales and fairy tale figures are depicted by animatronics and buildings.  Most of the figures are inspired by the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Charles Perrault.

The Nightingale (fairy tale)
"The Nightingale" (Danish: Nattergalen) is a literary fairy tale written by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen. Set in imperial China, the story recounts the friendship between the Emperor of China and a nightingale.
Epicrionops
Epicrionops is a genus of caecilians in the family Rhinatrematidae. Species in this genus are known from Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru, and are likely to occur in Venezuela and Brazil.

Species included (as of October 2019):

Epicrionops bicolor Boulenger, 1883

Epicrionops columbianus (Rendahl and Vestergren, 1939)

Epicrionops lativittatus Taylor, 1968

Epicrionops marmoratus Taylor, 1968

Epicrionops parkeri (Dunn, 1942)

Epicrionops peruvianus (Boulenger, 1902)

Epicrionops petersi Taylor, 1968

Epicrionops lativittatus
Epicrionops lativittatus, the eastern Peru caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Rhinatrematidae endemic to Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
Ishaya Shekari
Air Vice Marshal Ishaya Aboi Shekari Listenⓘ
OON (born 30 August 1940) was the military Governor of Kano State from September 1978 to October 1979, during which he led the transition to the Second Nigerian Republic government of Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi.

Nigerian Defence Academy
The Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) is a military university based in Kaduna, Nigeria, that trains officer cadets for commissioning into one of the three services of the Nigerian Armed Forces: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The duration of training at the Nigerian Defence Academy is five years (four years academic and one year military).
Larkana cricket team
The Larkana cricket team is a Pakistani cricket team based in the city of Larkana, in the Sindh province. Beginning with the 2024–25 season, it participates in Pakistan's first-class, List A and Twenty20 competitions.

Captained by Mohsin Raza, who was one of several Larkana players making their first-class debut, Larkana played Hyderabad in their inaugural first-class match in the 2024–25 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, losing by 119 runs. Akbar-ur-Rehman made the team's maiden first-class fifty, top-scoring in each innings with 48 and 67. The Test leg-spin bowler Zahid Mahmood took over the captaincy after the first match. In the fourth match, the opening batsman Umar Waheed scored Larkana's first century, with 105 against Faisalabad.

Faisalabad cricket team
Faisalabad Cricket Team is a Pakistani first-class cricket team representing Faisalabad, Punjab. The team's home ground is Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad. They participate in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. It was refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.
Cleomenes of Naucratis
Cleomenes (Greek: Kλεoμένης Kleoménes; died 322 BC), a Greek of Naucratis in Ancient Egypt, was appointed by Alexander III of Macedon as nomarch of the Arabian Nome (νoμoς) of Egypt and receiver of the tributes from all the nomes (districts) of ancient Egypt and the neighbouring part of Africa (331 BC).

Nomarch
A nomarch (Ancient Greek: νομάρχης, Ancient Egyptian: ḥrj tp ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.
Gyula Kosice
Gyula Kosice (Hungarian: Falk Gyula; 26 April 1924 – 25 May 2016), born as Ferdinand Fallik, was a Czechoslovak-born and naturalized Argentine sculptor, plastic artist, theorist, and poet. He played a pivotal role in defining the concrete and non-figurative art movements in Argentina and was one of the precursors of kinetic, luminal, and hydrokinetic avant-garde art. His work was revolutionary in that it used, for the first time in international art scene, water and neon gas as part of the artwork.

He created monumental sculptures, hydrospatial walks, hydrowalls, etc. Kosice is also known for his involvement in founding the Association Arte Concreteo – Invacion (AACI) and Grupo Madí. He made more than 40 personal and 500 collective exhibitions all over the world.

Tomás Maldonado
Tomás Maldonado (25 April 1922 – 26 November 2018) was an Argentine painter, designer and thinker, considered one of the main theorists of design theory of the legendary Ulm Model, a design philosophy developed during his tenure (1954–1967) at the Ulm School of Design (Hochschule für Gestaltung – HfG) in Germany.
Barahapokhari Rural Municipality
Barahapokhari (Nepali: वराहपोखरी गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of eight rural municipality located in Khotang District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 10 municipalities in Khotang in which 2 are urban and 8 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Barahapokhari has an area of 141.6 square kilometres (54.7 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 14349 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Pauwasera, Phaktang, Barahapokhari, Mauwabote, Saunechaur and Suntale which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

Barahapokhari (VDC)
Barahapokhari is a town and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,376 persons living in 428 individual households.
1916 Newington West by-election
The 1916 Newington West by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 10 January 1916 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the UK House of Commons constituency of Newington West in South London.

It was the first by-election in London since the start of World War I in August 1914 where more than one candidate was nominated.

James Daniel Gilbert
James Daniel Gilbert (5 February 1864 – 26 September 1941) was a British Liberal politician, banker and City merchant. He was born and brought up in West Newington, a part of London around what is now the Elephant and Castle and was educated privately.
Immigration to Guatemala
Immigration in Guatemala constitutes less than 1%, some 140,000 people, and most come from neighboring countries. Guatemala's historic ethnic composition is mostly immigrant stock from Europe and as well as Asian and Africans brought during the era of slavery. Currently, the composition of Guatemala consists mostly of mestizos, Amerindians and Europeans, and to a lesser extent, Garifuna. In recent decades, immigration to Guatemala has led to an increase in desire for more businesses and tourist attractions, after there had been a considerable drop from 1950 to 1980.

The government agency responsible for oversight of immigration is the Guatemalan Migration Institute.

Salvadorans
Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños), also known as Salvadorians or Salvadoreans, are citizens of El Salvador, a country in Central America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadoran diaspora, particularly in the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.

El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.
Birchcliffe Baptist Church
Birchcliffe Baptist Church is a redundant Baptist chapel in the town of Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire, England. It was founded by Daniel Taylor in 1764.

In 1807 a splinter group left to found Mount Zion Baptist Church, Slack, Heptonstall as they were unhappy with the ordination of a new minister, Henry Hollinrake.

Three churches called Birchcliffe have existed on the site: the second was built in 1825, and demolished in 1933; the third and current building was built further down the hill and opened on 31 October 1899. It closed for worship in the 1970s.

Today the building is Grade II listed and is known as the Birchcliffe Centre. Little remains of the original chapel buildings, aside from part of the school building and the graveyard.

Hebden Bridge
Hebden Bridge is a market town in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England. It is in the Upper Calder Valley, 8 miles (13 km) west of Halifax and 14 miles (21 km) north-east of Rochdale, at the confluence of the River Calder and Hebden Water. The town is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Hebden Royd.

In 2015, the Calder ward, covering Hebden Bridge, Old Town, and part of Todmorden, had a population of 12,167. The town had a population of 4,500 as of 2024.
Jiawu Township, Qinghai
Jiawu Township (Mandarin: 加吾乡) is a township in Tongren County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Jiawu Township had a total population of 4,481: 2,247 males and 2,234 females: 1,108 aged under 14, 2,998 aged between 15 and 65 and 375 aged over 65.

Tongren, Qinghai
Tongren (Tibetan: ཐུན་རིན་, Wylie: thun rin; Chinese: 同仁; pinyin: Tóngrén), known to Tibetans as Rebgong (Tibetan: རེབ་གོང་, རེབ་ཀོང་ or རེབ་སྐོང་, Amdo Tibetan pronunciation: [ɾɛʋ koŋ]) in the historic region of Amdo, is the capital and second smallest administrative subdivision by area within Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai, China.

The city has an area of 3465 square kilometers and a population of ~80,000 (2002), 75% Tibetan. The economy of the city includes agriculture and aluminium mining.
2018 FIFA World Cup Group F
Group F of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place from 17 to 27 June 2018. The group consisted of defending champions Germany, Mexico, Sweden, and South Korea. Sweden and Mexico were the top two teams that advanced to the round of 16.

The surprise elimination of holders Germany marked the first time since 1938 that they did not advance beyond the first round, specifically the group stage which was first introduced in 1950. The early German exit was "greeted with shock in newspapers around the world".

2010 FIFA World Cup Group D
Group D of the 2010 FIFA World Cup began on 13 June and ended on 23 June 2010. The group consisted of Germany, Australia, Serbia and Ghana. Along with Group G, it was considered to be a group of death.
Milwaukee Road class ES-1
The Milwaukee Road's class ES-1 comprised a single electric switcher locomotive built in 1915.  It was designed to run on the unique 1,500 V DC electrification in the yard at Great Falls, Montana.  It was originally numbered #10000 and was numbered E85 in March 1939. It was retired in November 1939.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.