hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Klopfer v. North Carolina
Klopfer v. North Carolina, 386 U.S. 213 (1967), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court involving the application of the Speedy Trial Clause of the United States Constitution in state court proceedings.  The Sixth Amendment in the Bill of Rights states that in criminal prosecutions "...the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy trial"  In this case, a defendant was tried for trespassing and the initial jury could not reach a verdict.  The prosecutor neither dismissed nor reinstated the case but used an unusual procedure to leave it open, potentially indefinitely.  Klopfer argued that this denied him his right to a speedy trial.  In deciding in his favor, the Supreme Court incorporated the speedy trial protections of the Sixth Amendment against the states.

Speedy Trial Clause
The Speedy Trial Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial...". The Clause protects the defendant from delay between the presentation of the indictment or similar charging instrument and the beginning of trial.
2024 Dobrich Challenger II
The 2024 Izida Cup II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Dobrich, Bulgaria between 9 and 14 September 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Birtavarre
Birtavarre (Norwegian), Biertavárri (Northern Sami), or Pirttivaara (Kven) is a village in Gáivuotna Municipality (also known as Kåfjord Municipality) in Troms county, Norway. The village is located along the Kåfjordelva river (Northern Sami: Gáivuoneatnu) at the end of the Kåfjorden in the Kåfjorddalen valley.  The whole area around the end of the fjord is called Kåfjordbotn (Northern Sami: Gáivuonbahta).

The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village has a population (2023) of 231 and a population density of 624 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,620/sq mi).

Birtavarre is located along European route E6 about 18.3 km (11.4 mi) southeast of the municipal centre of Olderdalen (on the north side of the fjord) and about 12.5 km (7.8 mi) southeast of Samuelsberg and Manndalen (on the south side of the fjord). Birtavarre Chapel is also located in the village.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Lyon from the First to the Second Empire
Lyon had undergone a period of considerable evolution. Experiencing an economic "golden age" driven by the silk industry, the city saw massive urban expansion and the beginnings of industrialization. Its population, often at the vanguard of republican and anticlerical movements, rose in revolt on several occasions.

Canut
The canuts (French: [kany]) were Lyonnais silk workers, often working on Jacquard looms. They were primarily found in the Croix-Rousse neighbourhood of Lyon in the 19th century. Although the term generally refers to Lyonnais silk workers, silk workers in the nearby commune of l'Arbresle are also called canuts.
2009–10 Greek Football Cup
The 2009–10 Greek Football Cup was the 68th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the final held at Olympic Stadium on 24 April 2010. The final was contested by Panathinaikos and Aris. The last time that the two clubs were met in the Final was in 1940. Panathinaikos didn't win the Cup since 2004 and the last time that participated in a Final was in 2007. Aris on the other hand, didn't win the Cup since 1970 and the last time that played in a Final was in 2008. Panathinaikos earned the trophy with a 1-0 win over Aris.

1939–40 Greek Football Cup
The 1939–40 Greek Football Cup was the fourth edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, on 2 June 1940. The match was contested by Panathinaikos and Aris, with Panathinaikos winning by 3–1.
Naqqal
The Naqqal are a Muslim community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in India. They are also known as the Kashmiri Bhand and recently as Kashmiri Shaikh. The Naqqal are a sub-group within the larger Bhand community.

Bhand
Bhānds (Devanagari: भांड; Urdu: بھانڈ, Gurmukhi: ਭੰਡ, Bengali: ভাঁড়) are the traditional folk entertainers of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. In India and Nepal, the Bahand are now an endogamous Hindu and Muslim community, which is no longer involved in their traditional occupation of folk entertainment. They include actors, dancers, minstrels, storytellers and impressionists.

Payment for performances is usually voluntary: often, one performer goes around the audience collecting money on a "pay-what-you-can" basis while the others continue to perform.
History of Brown University
The history of Brown University spans 261 years. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the third-oldest institution of higher education in New England. At its foundation, the university was the first in the U.S. to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation. Brown's medical program is the third-oldest in New England while its engineering program is the oldest in the Ivy League.

The university was one of the early doctoral-granting U.S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding masters and doctoral studies in 1887.

In 1969, Brown adopted its Open Curriculum—which has since come to define the university's approach to undergraduate education. In 1971, Brown's coordinate women's institution, Pembroke College, was fully merged into the university.

Rhode Island General Assembly
The State of Rhode Island General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. A bicameral body, it is composed of the lower Rhode Island House of Representatives with 75 representatives, and the upper Rhode Island Senate with 38 senators.  Members are elected in the general election immediately preceding the beginning of the term or in special elections called to fill vacancies. There are no term limits for either chamber. The last General Assembly election took place on 2024, electing members to the Senate and House.

The General Assembly meets at the Rhode Island State House on the border of Downtown and Smith Hill in Providence. Smith Hill is sometimes used as a metonym for the Rhode Island General Assembly.
Henry Kloss
Henry Kloss (February 21, 1929 – January 31, 2002) was a prominent American audio engineer and entrepreneur who helped advance high fidelity loudspeaker and radio receiver technology beginning in the 1950s. Kloss (pronounced with a long o, like "close") was an undergraduate student in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (class of 1953), but never received a degree. He was responsible for a number of innovations, including, in part, the acoustic suspension loudspeaker and the high fidelity cassette deck. In 2000, Kloss was one of the first inductees into the Consumer Electronics Association's Hall of Fame. He earned an Emmy Award for his development of a projection television system, the Advent VideoBeam 1000.

Dolby noise-reduction system
A Dolby noise-reduction system (Dolby NR) is one of a series of noise reduction systems developed by Dolby Laboratories for use in analog audio tape recording. The first was Dolby A, a professional broadband noise reduction system for recording studios that was first demonstrated in 1965, but the best-known is Dolby B (introduced in 1968), a sliding band system for the consumer market, which helped make high fidelity practical on cassette tapes, which used a relatively noisy tape size and speed. It is common on high-fidelity stereo tape players and recorders to the present day. Of the noise reduction systems, Dolby A and Dolby SR were developed for professional use. Dolby B, C, and S were designed for the consumer market. Aside from Dolby HX, all the Dolby variants work by companding: compressing the dynamic range of the sound during recording, and expanding it during playback.
Alabama State Route 281
State Route 281 in Alabama, also known as SR 281 and as Talladega Scenic Drive, extends from U.S. Route 78/State Route 9 (US 78/SR 9) west of Heflin to the intersection of two forest roads in the Talladega National Forest.  Running the crest of the Talladega Mountains, Alabama's highest range, SR 281 was originally an unpaved forest route known as Skyway Motorway prior to the reconstruction into a paved scenic highway. SR 281 connects traffic to Cheaha State Park, a state park built on top of the highest point in the state, elevation 2,405 feet (733 m).

SR 281 does cross both US 431 and I-20 via overpasses, but does not intersect either of them. US 431 can be reached however via Cleburne County Road 131 (CR 131), a former alignment of the Skyway Motorway and a short connector to SR 281.

U.S. Route 78 in Alabama
U.S. Route 78 (US 78) is a major east–west U.S. Highway across the central part of Alabama. It is internally designated State Route 4 (SR 4) by the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), though the only section of SR 4 that is signed is along portions mainly west of Jasper. The section from the Mississippi state line to near Graysville is concurrent with Interstate 22 (I-22); from Graysville south to Birmingham, US 78 takes its original routing. East of Birmingham to the Georgia state line, US 78 has been replaced as a major through-route by I-20. The two routes roughly parallel each other, with junctions at Leeds and Pell City.

West of Jasper, old US 78 is signed as SR 118 to Guin, and the segment from Guin northward to I-22 at Hamilton is signed as US 43/US 278.
United Arab Emirates Air Force
The United Arab Emirates Air Force (UAEAF) (Arabic: القوات الجوية والدفاع الجوي الاماراتي, romanized: al-Quwwāt al-Jawiyah wa al-Defa' al-Jawiy al-ʾImārāty) is the air force of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), part of the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces. Its predecessor was established in 1968, when the Emirates was under British rule. Since then, it has undergone a continual reorganisation and expansion in terms of both capability and the number of aircraft. Currently, the UAEAF has around 4,000 personnel and operates approximately 560 aircraft.

Dassault Mirage 5
The Dassault Mirage 5 is a French supersonic attack aircraft/fighter-bomber designed by Dassault Aviation during the 1960s and manufactured in France and other countries. It was derived from Dassault's popular Mirage III fighter and spawned several variants of its own, including the IAI Kfir. In Pakistan's service, the Mirage 5s are modified and are capable of nuclear weapons delivery.
Boucherville
Boucherville (French pronunciation: [buʃɛʁvil] ⓘ) is a city in the Montérégie region in Quebec, Canada. It is a suburb of Montreal on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River.

Boucherville is part of both the urban agglomeration of Longueuil and the Montreal Metropolitan Community regional government.

Séminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivières
The Séminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivières is a private scholar institution in the Mauricie region of Quebec. Located in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada, it is, within the unique Quebec education system, a secondary school. Historically religious, it is now relatively secular but still holds many links with the religious community.
Rangeroceratidae
Rangeroceratidae is a family of orthoceroid cephalopods known from the late Early Ordovician in eastern North America (New York and Quebec) and Great Britain, included in the order Dissidocerida. The family was named by Evans, 2005, and contains three genera: Rangeroceras, Anrangeroceras, and Cyclorageroceras.

Rangeroceratidae is based on the genus Rangeroceras, named by Hook & Flower (1977); at that time considered a member of the rod-bearing Baltoceratidae along with genera like Rhabdiferoceras and Veneficoceras.

Veneficoceras
Veneficoceras is a genus of the rod-bearing Baltoceratidae, an extinct cephalopod family with characteristics of the orthoceratoid Dissidocerida, found in Cassinianage, Lower Ordovician, limestone in western Utah.
Heal Family House
The Heal Family House, also known as the Washington Heal House, is a historic house on Maine State Route 127 in Georgetown, Maine.  Built about 1798, it is one of a small number of surviving Federal period houses in the rural community.  It was owned for more than 100 years by members of the Heal family.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Georgetown, Maine
Georgetown is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,058 at the 2020 census. Home to Reid State Park, the town is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Located on an island accessible by car from the mainland, Georgetown includes the villages of Five Islands, Georgetown, Bay Point, Marrtown, West Georgetown and Robinhood. It is a popular tourist destination.
Al-Sharat
Ash-Sharāt or Ash-Sharāh (Arabic: ٱلشَّرَاة, also known as Bilād ash-Sharāt (Arabic: بِلَاد ٱلشَّرَاة) or Jibāl ash-Sharāt (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلشَّرَاة), is a highland region in modern-day southern Jordan and northwestern Saudi Arabia. It was formerly a sub-district in Bilad al-Sham during the 7th–11th centuries CE.

It roughly corresponds to the biblical Mount Seir.

Al-Karak
Al-Karak (Arabic: الكرك), in English sources often simply Karak, is a city in Jordan known for its medieval castle, the Kerak Castle. The castle is one of the three largest castles in the region, the other two being in Syria. Al-Karak is the capital city of the Karak Governorate.

Al-Karak lies 140 kilometres (87 mi) to the south of Amman on the ancient King's Highway. It is situated on a hilltop about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level and is surrounded on three sides by a valley. Al-Karak has a view of the Dead Sea. A city of about 32,216 people (2005) was formed around castle. The town is built on a triangular plateau with the castle at its narrow southern tip.
Raufeon Stots
Raufeon Stots (born December 16, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist and graduated collegiate wrestler. He currently competes in the Bantamweight division of the Professional Fighters League. He previously competed in Bellator MMA, where he is a former interim Bellator Bantamweight Champion. As a wrestler, he is a two-time NCAA Division II champion. As of January 27, 2026, he is #2 in the PFL bantamweight rankings.

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
Michael Mackey
Michael C. Mackey FRSC is a Canadian-American biomathematician and Professor in the Department of Physiology of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada who holds the Joseph Morley Drake Emeritus Chair.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
2020–21 Montenegrin First League
The 2020–21 Montenegrin First League was the 15th season of the top-tier association football in Montenegro. The season began on 14 August 2020 and ended on 25 May 2021. The league winners qualified for a place in the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League.
Budućnost were the defending champions after winning the league in the previous season.

Montenegrin Second League
The Montenegrin Second League (Montenegrin: Druga crnogorska fudbalska liga – Druga CFL – 2. CFL) referred to as the Meridianbet 2. CFL for sponsorship reasons,  is the second-top football league in Montenegro. It is headed by the Football Association of Montenegro. Second Montenegrin League consists of 10 participants. The top team qualifies for the First League of Montenegro, the second and third one contest in a playoff match against the 8th and 9th team from the First League, while the bottom-placed two teams are relegated to any of the three third-tier leagues, to be replaced by the two winners of a three-way promotion playoffs, contested by the winners of the three Third League divisions.
Avana Stream
The Avana Stream is a stream in the Ngatangiia district on Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. It flows in the Avana Valley and exits into the Muri Lagoon at Vaikai Tapere. A water intake on the stream supplies water to half of Rarotonga's population.

Ngatangiia
Ngatangiia is one of the five districts of the island of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. It is in the east of the island, to the south of the districts of Matavera and Avarua, and northeast of the district of Titikaveka.
Sepahan Novin F.C.
Sepahan Novin Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال سپاهان نوین) is an Iranian professional football  team based in Esfahan, Iran. They are the reserve team of Sepahan F.C. and currently compete in the 2011–12 Iran Football's 3rd Division.

League 3 (Iran)
Iranian football's 3rd division (Persian: ليگ دسته سوم ایران) is the fourth-highest football division overall in the Iranian football league system.

Before 2001, the 3rd division league was the third-highest division in Iranian football league system, however, it became the fourth-highest division when Iran's football structure officially became professional.

The league consists of two stages. In the first stage, 65 teams participate in five groups of 13 teams each. The groups are organized in such a manner that teams closer to each other geographically end up in the same group. Because of this, the 3rd division can be considered a regional league. Stage one is played in single round-robin format and this is the only league organised by IRIFF which has no home-and-away format. Top two teams of each group promote to second stage and join 20 teams which already have spots due to their performance in the previous season. This means 85 different teams compete in 3rd division.
2013 GCC Futsal Cup
The 2013 GCC Futsal Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج للصالات) was the  first edition of the biennial Futsal competition. It took place in Qatar in 2013. The competition was originally scheduled to be hosted in the city of Bahrain, but was moved to Bahrain in October 2012 to ensure that they could suitably host the competition in the 2 edition.

GCC Futsal Cup
The GCC Futsal Cup is a futsal competition for the nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council. In 2012, the GCC countries established the competition; the first tournament took place in 2013 and was won by Kuwait.

Kuwait has been the most successful team in the cup, winning 2 tournaments out of 2 in total.
Nrf2 internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
In molecular biology, the Nrf2 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element present in the 5′ UTR of the mRNA encoding the transcription factor Nrf2. It contains a stem-loop structure upstream of a ribosome binding site. This stem loop inhibits ribosome binding and translation of Nrf2 under normal conditions, but allows translation under oxidative stress conditions.

Stem-loop
Stem-loops are nucleic acid secondary structural elements which form via intramolecular base pairing in single-stranded DNA or RNA. They are also referred to as hairpins or hairpin loops. A stem-loop occurs when two regions of the same nucleic acid strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in a loop of unpaired nucleotides.

Stem-loops are most commonly found in RNA, and are a key building block of many RNA secondary structures. Stem-loops can direct RNA folding, protect structural stability for messenger RNA (mRNA), provide recognition sites for RNA binding proteins, and serve as a substrate for enzymatic reactions.
The Mad Doctor of Market Street
The Mad Doctor of Market Street is a 1942  American horror film produced by Universal Pictures starring Lionel Atwill. The film was a low-budget project that used the studio's contract players and gave rising director Joseph H. Lewis an opportunity to demonstrate his versatility with little production money.

The film is part of the mad scientist genre. In this case, the film's scientist performs regeneration experiments on human subjects. He survives a shipwreck and is stranded on a tropical island with the other survivors. He gains influence over the natives by demonstrating his ability to resurrect others, and uses that influence to get perform involuntary experiments on the other survivors.

Joe Dante
Joseph James Dante Jr. (/ˈdɑːnteɪ/; born November 28, 1946) is an American film director. His films—notably Gremlins (1984) alongside its sequel, Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)—often mix the 1950s-style B movie genre with 1960s radicalism and cartoon comedy.

Dante's output includes the films Piranha (1978), The Howling (1981), Explorers (1985), Innerspace (1987), The 'Burbs (1989), Matinee (1993), Small Soldiers (1998), and Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003). His work for television and cable include the social satire The Second Civil War (1997), episodes of the anthology series Masters of Horror ("Homecoming" and "The Screwfly Solution") and Amazing Stories, as well as Police Squad! and Hawaii Five-0.
Rico Tan
Rico "Juice" Tan (born February 26, 1978, in Toronto, Ontario) was a Canadian welterweight boxer of Chinese Indonesian descent from 2000 to 2003. Tan retired with a 12-2-2 (11 ko's) professional boxing record. Tan now owns a Hawaiian BBQ food truck and catering company named "Liko's Hawaiian Barbecue".

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.