hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it was not separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules will continue until osmotic equilibrium is attained.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Padianallur
Padianallur is a town in the northern part of Chennai, Thiruvallur district of Indian state Tamil Nadu. It is located 34 km towards East from District headquarters Tiruvallur. 4 km from Sholavaram. It is situated near the industrial and residential areas of Chennai City.

Sholavaram
Cholavaram, also spelled Sholavaram, is a suburb 24 km (15 mi) north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is popular as Sholavaram and is also known for the Cholavaram lake. Adjoining the lake, there was a defunct Air Force Airfield which was used as a motor racing track. It was an air strip used during World War II; After the Madras Motor Sports Club was formed in mid-50s, it selected Sholavaram to conduct its racing events. Since then racing events took place every year and continued till late 1980s until the Madras Motor Sports Club built a new track at Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur, Chennai.

The Malayalam actor Jayan was killed in a helicopter accident here during the shooting of his film Kolilakkam on 16 November 1980.
Miriam Leah Gamliel
Miriam Leah Gamliel (born Lani Droz; 1976 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American Orthodox Jewish actress, singer, and activist. A baalat teshuva with a background in musical theatre, she is the founder of the Arts and Torah Association for Religious Artists (ATARA), an organization promoting Orthodox women in the arts. In 2012, she was named one of The Jewish Week's "36 Under 36", a list of influential Jewish figures under age 36.

Baal teshuva
In Judaism, a ba'al teshuvah (Hebrew: בעל תשובה; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, ba'alat teshuva or ba'alas teshuva; plural, בעלי תשובה, ba'alei teshuva, 'owner of return [to God or his way]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a secular lifestyle or a less  frum form of Judaism.

The baal teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people.
Joe Giella
Joe Giella (June 27, 1928 – March 21, 2023) was an American comic book artist best known as a DC Comics inker during the late 1950s and 1960s period which historians and fans call the Silver Age of Comic Books. Due to his long and prolific career, Giella has been described as "one of the creators synonymous with the Silver Age of Comics."

Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional American comic book production. In his seminal work Understanding Comics, cartoonist and theorist Scott McCloud categorizes the final execution of lines -- traditionally the domain of the inker -- as the "Surface" stage of the six-step creative process, noting that this is the aspect of the work most immediately apparent to the viewer.

After the penciller creates a drawing with pencil, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a pencil, an ink pen or a brush with black ink. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the letterer, handles the "inking" of text and word balloons, while the colorist applies color to the final inked art submitted by the inker.
2018 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship
The 2018 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship was the first edition of the SAFF U-18 Women's Championship, an international football competition for women's under-18 national teams organized by SAFF. The tournament was hosted from 28 September – 7 October 2018 at Changlimithang Stadium. Six teams from the region took part (Sri Lanka had its team withdrawn from the tournament).

SAFF U-20 Women's Championship
The SAFF U-18/U-19/U-20 Women's Championship is an annual international association football tournament for women's national football teams under the age of 18/19/20, governed by the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). All the seven teams of the member associations are eligible to compete in tournament, unless sanctioned by AFC or FIFA.
Kern River Slough
Kern River Slough was the distributary of the Kern River running northwest from the vicinity of Bakersfield to Goose Lake near Tulare Lake in Kern County, California.

These former bodies of water in the Tulare Lake Basin of the San Joaquin Valley have now all been diverted for agricultural use.

The Kern River Slough Station was a stagecoach station operated by the Butterfield Overland Mail and was located miles to the southeast of this slough.

Kern River Slough Station
Kern River Slough Station was a stagecoach stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail 1st Division route from 1858 to 1861. The Butterfield Overland Mail (1857-1861) site is now registered California Historical Landmark #588. The site is 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Lamont.

The California Historical Landmark reads:

NO. 588 KERN RIVER SLOUGH STATION - Just south of this point stood the Kern River Slough Station on the Butterfield Overland Stage route. Operating through present Kern County during 1858-1861, this famous line ran from St. Louis, Missouri to San Francisco until the outbreak of the Civil War.
Wildthorn
Wildthorn is a novel for young adults written by Jane Eagland and published by Houghton Mifflin in 2010. Set in the Victorian era United Kingdom, it tells the story of Louisa Cosgrove as she spends her time locked in a mental asylum for women, where she falls in love for Eliza, one of the attendants.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
John Knox (cricketer)
John Knox (4 October 1904 – 10 April 1966) was an Argentine first-class cricketer.

Knox, of Scottish-descent, was born at Buenos Aires in October 1904. He made his debut in first-class cricket for Argentina against the touring Marylebone Cricket Club at Buenos Aires in December 1926, with Knox playing a further four first-class matches against the same opposition the following month. He played two first-class matches for Argentina against a touring Sir J. Cahn's XI in 1930. He was a member of the South American cricket team which toured England in 1932, making five first-class appearances on the tour. His final first-class appearance came for Argentina against Sir T. E. W. Brinckman's XI in 1938. Across twelve first-class matches, Knox scored 575 runs at an average of 31.94, with a high score of 110 not out. This score, which was his only first-class century, came for the South Americans against Sussex. He died at Buenos Aires in April 1966.

Scottish Argentines
Scottish Argentines are Argentine citizens of Scottish descent or Scottish-born people who reside in Argentina. A Scottish Argentine population has existed since at least 1825. Frequently, Scottish Argentines are wrongly referred to as English. Scottish Argentines celebrate Scottish culture and hold parades for Scottish celebrations, like Burns Night.
2004 Bulgarian Supercup
The 2004 Bulgarian Supercup was the second Bulgarian Supercup match, a football match which was contested between the 2003–04 A Group champion, Lokomotiv Plovdiv, and the winner of the 2004 Bulgarian Cup Final, Litex Lovech. The match was held on 31 July 2004 at the Lazur Stadium in Burgas, Bulgaria. Lokomotiv beat Litex 1–0 to win their first Bulgarian Supercup.

2004 Bulgarian Cup final
The 2004 Bulgarian Cup final was played at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia on 12 May 2004 and was contested between the sides of Litex Lovech and CSKA Sofia. The match was won by Litex Lovech.
Pavlov Peak
Pavlov Peak (64°3′S 61°58′W﻿ / ﻿64.050°S 61.967°W﻿ / -64.050; -61.967) is a peak lying north of Mount Vesalius on Liege Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It rises to 805 m and surmounts Beripara Cove to the east, Pleystor Glacier to the southwest and Zbelsurd Glacier to the northwest.

Beripara Cove
Beripara Cove is the 2.45 km wide cove indenting for 1.8 km the southeast coast of Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It is entered north of Balija Point and south of Leshko Point.

The cove is named after the ancient Thracian settlement of Beripara (Bulgarian: Берипара, romanized: Beripara, IPA: [ˈbɛriˈparɐ]) in what is now northern Bulgaria.
Zhigansk
Zhigansk (Russian: Жига́нск; Yakut: Эдьигээн, romanized: Ecigeen) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Zhigansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Lena River near where it is joined by its tributary the Nuora (Strekalovka), approximately 600 kilometers (370 mi) northwest of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. Population:  3,420 (2010 Census); 3,346 (2002 Census); 4,511 (1989 Soviet census).

Yakutsk
Yakutsk is the capital and largest city of Sakha, Russia, located about 450 km (280 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. Fueled by the mining industry, Yakutsk has become one of Russia's most rapidly growing regional cities, with a population of 355,443 at the 2021 census.

Yakutsk has an average annual temperature of −8.0 °C (17.6 °F), winter high temperatures consistently well below −20 °C (−4 °F), and a record low of −64.4 °C (−83.9 °F) has been recorded.

As a result, Yakutsk is the coldest major city in the world (although a number of smaller towns in that region are slightly colder). Yakutsk is also the largest city located in continuous permafrost; the only other large city is Norilsk, also in Siberia. Yakutsk is in the Central Yakutian Lowland and is a major port on the Lena River. It is served by the Yakutsk Airport as well as the smaller Magan Airport.
Languages of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is officially a bilingual country. Kazakh, part of the Kipchak sub-branch of the Turkic languages, is proficiently spoken by 80.1% of the population according to the 2021 census, and has the status of "state language". Russian, on the other hand, is spoken by 83.7% as of 2021. The Constitution of Kazakhstan does not give it any special status, only allowing its use in government "on an equal footing" with Kazakh. Russian is also used routinely in business and inter-ethnic communication. However, only 63.45% of ethnic Kazakhs and 49.3% of the country's population are daily speakers of Kazakh language, according to the same census.

Other languages natively spoken in Kazakhstan are Dungan, Ili Turki, Ingush, Plautdietsch, and Sinte Romani. A number of more recent immigrant languages, such as Belarusian, Korean, Azerbaijani, and Greek are also spoken.

Ili Turki language
Ili Turki is an endangered Turkic language spoken primarily in China, of the Karluk branch of Turkic. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China. Speakers are shifting to Kazakh or Uyghur.
National Labor Relations Commission
The National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon sa Ugnayang Paggawa) is a quasi-judicial agency tasked to promote and maintain industrial peace based on social justice by resolving labor and management disputes involving local and overseas workers through compulsory arbitration and alternative modes of dispute resolution. The NLRC part of the Department of Labor and Employment where its policies and programs are coordinated. The commission dates back to the commonwealth period, when the contract labor law act was passed in the United States Congress on January 23, 1885, it was then implemented in the Philippines on June 6, 1899.

Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Paggawa at Empleo) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for formulating policies, implementing programs and services, and serving as the policy-coordinating arm of the executive branch in the field of labor and employment. It is tasked with the enforcement of the provisions of the Labor Code.
Tunde Adeleye
Tunde Adeleye, the Diocesan Bishop of Calabar, is the Archbishop of the  Anglican Province of the Niger Delta, one of 14 within the Church of Nigeria.

His past posts include:

President, Christian Union, Mid-Western Polytechnic

President, Christian Union University of Calabar

National coordinator, Nigeria Christian Graduate Fellowship

Chairman, Haggai Institute for Advanced Leadership Training

Chairman, Christian Council of Nigeria

Chaplain, All Saints Chapel, University of Benin

Chairman, Divine Commonwealth Conference

Anglican Province of Niger Delta
The Anglican Province of Niger Delta is one of the 14 ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It comprises 18 dioceses. The Archbishop of the Anglican Province of Niger Delta and Bishop of Ikwere is Blessing Enyinda.

It has 18 dioceses (2025):

Ahoada (Bishop: Clement Ekpeye)

Calabar (Bishop:Nneoyi Onen)

Etche (Bishop: Precious Nwala)

Evo (Bishop: Innocent Ordu)

Niger Delta (Bishop: Emmanuel Oko Jaja)

Ikwerre (Bishop: Blessing Enyindah)

Niger Delta West (Bishop: Emmanuel Oko-Jaja)

Niger Delta North (Bishop: Wisdom Budu Ihunwo)

Northern Izon (Bishop: Funkuro Godrules Ambare)

Ogbia (Bishop: James Oruwori)

Ogoni (Bishop: Solomon Gbregbara)

Okrika (Bishop: Tubokosemie Abere)

Uyo (Bishop: Vacant)

Ogoja (Bishop: Vincent Ifeanyi Akunna)

0moku (Bishop: Ngozi Richard Okpara)

Eket (Bishop: vacant)

Ikom (Bishop: David Michson)

Kalabari (Bishop: Boma Peter Briggs)

Blessing Enyindah became Archbishop of Niger Delta Province on July 11, 2021.
Genghis Khan in popular culture
There have been numerous works of literature, films and other works based on the Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan and his legacy. Products and places are often named after him, a trend that has attracted some concern.

Genghis Khan (video game)
Genghis Khan, original full title Aoki Ōkami to Shiroki Mejika: Genghis Khan (蒼き狼と白き牝鹿・ジンギスカン), is a turn-based strategy game developed by Koei, originally released for the PC-98 in 1987, MSX and X68000 in 1988, MS-DOS and NES in 1990, and Amiga in 1990. It is the second game in the series, after a 1985 Aoki Ōkami to Shiroki Mejika for PC-88, PC-98, and MSX.
The Baker's Dozen (concert series)
The Baker's Dozen was a series of thirteen concerts performed by Vermont-based jam band Phish between July 21 and August 6, 2017 at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York. Each night featured a completely unique setlist with no songs repeated throughout the event, with the band playing 237 songs in total. The full set of shows was released as a box set entitled The Complete Baker's Dozen, alongside a three-disc live album of highlights, The Baker's Dozen: Live at Madison Square Garden.

Jon Fishman
Jon Fishman (born February 19, 1965) is an American drummer and co-founder of the band Phish, which was, in part, named after him. He is credited with co-writing nineteen Phish songs, eight with a solo credit.
Messmer High School
Messmer High School is a private Catholic high school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  It is located in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee.

Messmer High School was established in 1926 as Diocesan High School. It was renamed after Archbishop Sebastian Messmer in 1928.

From September 1997 to September 1998, due to a school voucher program, the number of students increased by almost 20%, to 366, and 30 students were on a wait list as of the latter month; years prior, the school did not have a waiting list.

Archdiocese of Milwaukee
The Archdiocese of Milwaukee (Latin: Archidiœcesis Milvauchiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in southeast Wisconsin in the United States. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee. It includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior.

It was formed in 1843, with territory taken from the Diocese of Detroit. It was elevated from a diocese to an archdiocese in 1875. In 2011, the sexual abuse scandal in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee resulted in its filing for bankruptcy.

Pope Francis named Jeffrey S. Grob as archbishop on November 4, 2024.
Roadie (app)
Roadie Inc. is an American package delivery company for business and private same-day, urgent and scheduled delivery in the United States. The company was founded in 2014 and launched its web and mobile apps in January 2015. As of September 2021, it reported having over 200,000 drivers covering more than 20,000 zip codes.

Roadie states it matches gig drivers with deliveries that are directed along the routes they plan to travel. Major customers include The Home Depot, Walmart, Tractor Supply Company, Best Buy and Delta Air Lines.

In September 2021, UPS entered into an agreement to acquire Roadie for an undisclosed amount with the transaction expected to be closed in the fourth quarter.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
Fernandes (footballer, born 1995)
Jonathan da Silveira Fernandes Reis (born 21 February 1995), simply known as Fernandes, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Bashundhara Kings.

2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Serie B of the Brazilian Championship 2015 is a football competition held in Brazil, equivalent to the second division. It is contested by 20 clubs, between May 9 and November 28. The top four teams will have access to Série A in 2016 and the last four will be relegated to Série C in 2016. recently promoted Mogi Mirim was the first team to have its relegation confirmed, after losing to Ceará in October 31. After a defeat to Luverdense in November 6, Boa Esporte also was relegated. ABC also was relegated, after a tie against Bahia in November 10. Botafogo was promoted that same day, after a victory against Luverdense. In November 14, Vitória, Santa Cruz and América-MG confirmed their promotions. Ceará, that had spent most of the championship in the relegation zone, managed to escape relegation after a victory against Macaé in the last round, with this result, combined with Oeste's draw against Paysandu, relegating the Fluminense team.
Thomas Prichard Rossiter
Thomas Prichard Rossiter (1818–1871) was an American artist born in New Haven, Connecticut. Known for his portraits and paintings of historical scenes, he later came to be associated with the Hudson River School of artists.

Hudson River School
The  Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by Romanticism. Early on, the paintings typically depicted the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area, including the Catskill, Adirondack, and White Mountains.

Works by second-generation artists expanded to include other locales in New England, the Maritimes, the Western United States, and South America.
96th Street (Manhattan)
96th Street is a major two-way street on the Upper East Side and Upper West Side sections of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs in two major sections: between FDR Drive and Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side, and between Central Park West and the Henry Hudson Parkway on the Upper West Side. The two segments are connected by the 97th Street transverse across Central Park, which links the disconnected segments of 96th and 97th Streets on each side.

96th Street is one of the 15 hundred-foot-wide (30 m) crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan. On Manhattan's West Side, 96th Street is the northern boundary of the New York City steam system, the largest such system in the world, which pumps 30 billion pounds of steam into 100,000 buildings south of the street. (The northern boundary on the East Side is 89th Street.)

Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.

A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.

Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.