hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ENSAR
The National Graduate School of Applied Sciences and Risk (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des sciences Applicatives et du Risque), also known as ENSAR, is an engineering grande école at the University of Poitiers in Niort, France, established in 2024. It was previously known as the Institute of Industrial Insurance and Financial Risks, which was created in 2001. ENSAR offers a risk management course with a focus on quality, safety and environment (QSE), or information system security (ISS), as well as a data science course. Apprenticeship training is compulsory in the second and third years of study. As of October 2025, the school had 143 students and aimed to increase enrollment to 310 within three years.

University of Poitiers
The University of Poitiers (UP; French: Université de Poitiers, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite də pwatje]) is a public university located in Poitiers, France. It is a member of the Coimbra Group. It is multidisciplinary and contributes to making Poitiers the city with the highest student/inhabitant ratio in France by welcoming nearly 28,000 students in 2017.

The University of Poitiers represents a global operating budget of around 150 million euros per year, one-third of which is for operating and investment costs and two-thirds for personnel costs. As of July 2015 it is a member of the regional university association
Leonardo da Vinci consolidated University.
2018 AFL draft
The 2018 AFL draft consisted of the various periods where the 18 clubs in the Australian Football League (AFL) traded and recruited players following the completion of the 2018 AFL season.

For the first time, the AFL draft featured live trading of picks and was held over two days, with the first round held on the evening of Thursday, 22 November and the remainder of the draft being held on Friday, 23 November The draft was held in Victoria for the first time since 2009.

2009 AFL draft
The 2009 AFL draft consisted of four opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2009/10 Australian Football League off-season. These were the trade week (held between 5 October and 9 October), the national draft (held on 26 November), the pre-season draft (15 December) and the rookie draft (15 December).
Wetzlarer Kreuz
The Wetzlarer Kreuz is an Autobahn interchange in the city of Wetzlar in Hesse, Germany where the highways A45 and A480 meet.
This junction is a stack interchange, which is the only fully built stack interchange in Germany. An incomplete stack interchange also exists for the A3 and B55a junction.

50°35′46″N 8°29′17″E﻿ / ﻿50.59611°N 8.48806°E﻿ / 50.59611; 8.48806

Bundesautobahn 480
Bundesautobahn 480 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 480, short form Autobahn 480, abbreviated as BAB 480 or A 480) is an Autobahn in Germany connecting Gießen and Wetzlar. It is part of the abandoned A 48 planning.
Chestnut-breasted partridge
The chestnut-breasted partridge (Arborophila mandellii) is a partridge species endemic to the eastern Himalayas north of the Brahmaputra, and occurs in Bhutan, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and south-eastern Tibet at elevations from 350 to 2,500 m (1,150 to 8,200 ft). It is listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List, as the estimated population comprises less than 10,000 individuals. It is threatened by forest degradation and by hunting. It is known from at least three protected areas, including Singalila National Park and Namdapha National Park.
The scientific name commemorates the Italian naturalist Louis Mandelli.

It is a distinctive partridge with chestnut breast-band and grey belly. It is distinguished from the similar rufous-throated partridge A. rufogularis by more rufescent crown and head-sides, white gorget and entirely chestnut upper breast.

In 2015, the first photograph of this species in the wild was taken in Arunachal Pradesh.

Rufous-throated partridge
The rufous-throated partridge (Arborophila rufogularis) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in montane forests in India and Southeast Asia. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a least-concern species.
Na Laga'at
Na Laga'at (Hebrew for "Please Touch") is a nonprofit organization founded in 2002 by Adina Tal and Eran Gur. It is first ensemble of its kind in the world whose actors are all deafblind (double disability). The organization established a unique cultural center at the Levantbondet House in the Port of Jaffa in Tel Aviv. The center is a platform for creative arts, which promotes equal and open dialogue and leads to social change built on the belief in the human spirit and its ability to reach out and make a change.

Deafblindness
Deafblindness is a condition of little or no useful hearing and little or no useful sight. Different degrees of vision loss and auditory loss occur within each individual. Because of this, deafblind people require varied management plans in order to improve their outcomes in areas such as communication, education, work, and general life satisfaction.

According to the Nordic Leadership Forum on Deafblindness, it is a distinct disability, as the impairment of one organ makes it difficult to compensate for the impairment of the other.

The deafblind community has its own culture, comparable to those of the Deaf community. Some deafblind individuals view their condition as a part of their identity.
Douglas Putnam
Douglas Putnam (August 21, 1838 – August 11, 1918) was a U.S. Army colonel in the American Civil War. After serving at the Battle of Shiloh he became a member of General Ulysses S. Grant's staff. Douglas was the son of Douglas and Mary A. (Hildreth) Putnam, both from Ohio. His mother was the daughter of the Doctor and historian Samuel Hildreth, from Marietta, Ohio.

Putnam attended Marietta College and graduated in 1859. In 1861 he entered the volunteer army and commanded the Ninety-Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, during the Chattanooga campaign. He was wounded at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, and subsequently mustered out in 1864 with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. Putnam was also a historian and writer and produced several historical works, including an eyewitness account of the Battle of Shiloh.

Samuel Prescott Hildreth
Samuel Prescott Hildreth (1783–1863) was a pioneer physician, scientist, and historian, authoring numerous scientific and historical works. His history books are largely based on first-person accounts and primary documents, providing insight into the early settlement of Marietta, Ohio, and the Northwest Territory and the lives of early pioneers.
Santa Lucia (Spanish Florida)
Santa Lucía was a presidio (fort) established by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, one of a series of presidios along the coast of Spanish Florida intended to prevent France and other European powers from planting colonies. Starting in late October 1565, Menéndez lead an expedition down the east coast of Florida from St. Augustine with goals of capturing French soldiers and sailors who were shipwrecked near Cape Canaveral and establishing presidios along the coast to enforce Spanish control of Florida. Having captured the French at Cape Canaveral and destroyed a fort they were building, Menéndez established a presidio near the chief town of the Ais in November 1565. That presidio was abandoned a month later and the "Presidio Santa Lucía" was established in December 1565 further south on the coast of Florida. The presidio was abandoned four months later in March 1566.

Jaega
The Jaega (also Jega, Xega, Geiga) were Native Americans living in a chiefdom of the same name, which included the coastal parts of present-day Martin County and northern Palm Beach County, Florida, at the time of initial European contact, and until the 18th century. The name Jobé, or Jové [ˈxoβe], has been identified as a synonym of Jaega, a sub-group of the Jaega, or a town of the Jaega.
Northway, Oxford
Northway is a suburb in northeast Oxford, England, just inside the Oxford ring road. It is near Marston and the John Radcliffe Hospital. It mainly consists of social housing built by Oxford City Council in the 1950s, though many houses and apartments are now in private ownership.

To the southwest is Headley Way and to the northwest is Marsh Lane.

Marston, Oxford
Marston is a village in the civil parish of Old Marston about 2 miles (3 km) northeast of the centre of Oxford, England. It was absorbed within the city boundaries in 1991. It is commonly called Old Marston to distinguish it from the suburb of New Marston that developed between St. Clement's and the village in the 19th and 20th centuries. The A40 Northern Bypass, part of the Oxford Ring Road forms a long north-west boundary of the village and parish and a limb, namely a distributary, of the Cherwell forms the western boundary.
Darwin Cerén
Darwin Adelso Cerén Delgado  (born 31 December 1989) is a Salvadoran professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Primera División club Águila, which he captains, and the El Salvador national team. He is the most capped player in El Salvador history.

Segunda División de El Salvador
The Segunda División de El Salvador (Second Division of El Salvador) is the second tier of football in El Salvador governed by the Federación Salvadoreña de Fútbol (FESFUT). Teams contest to promote to the Primera División.

The winning sides of the annual Apertura and Clausura contest each other, the winner directly promotes to Primera División.

The losing side of the match contest the last place team of Primera División to trigger promotion and relegation should the Primera División team lose to the Segunda División side.
NForce2
The Nvidia nForce2 chipset was released by Nvidia in July 2002 as a refresh to the original nForce product offering. The nForce2 chipset was a platform for motherboards supporting AMD's Socket A CPUs along with DDR SDRAM. There were multiple variations of the chipset including one with an integrated GeForce4 MX graphics processor (IGP), and one without.

NForce
nForce is a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia originally for AMD Athlon and Duron, with later revisions also supporting contemporary Intel processors. The chipset shipped in 3 varieties; 220, 415, and 420. 220 and 420 are very similar with each having the integrated GPU, but the 220 only has a single channel of memory available whereas 420 has the 128-bit TwinBank design. The 415 variant again has the dual-channel memory interface, but has no integrated graphics.

The original nForce is the first chipset in the series, to which the brand was used until Nvidia left the motherboard chipset business in 2009.
Professionalism in women's association football
Like men's association football, women's football had amateur origins, but faced bans in several nations that slowed its growth and professionalization compared to professionalism in the men's sport. Growth in the women's league game intensified since the end of the 20th century alongside the profile of the FIFA Women's World Cup introduced in 1991.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Listed buildings in Grinton
Grinton is a civil parish in the former county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 41 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Grinton and Crackpot, and the surrounding countryside and moorland, extending along Swaledale.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  In the parish is the former Grinton Smelt Mill, which is listed, together with two associated structures.  The other listed buildings include a church and items in the churchyard, bridges and a former shooting lodge.

Swaledale
Swaledale is a valley in North Yorkshire, England. It is one of the Yorkshire Dales, which are part of the Pennines, and within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. It is named after the River Swale, which runs through it. Swaledale is the most northerly of the major dales.
Little Wittenham
Little Wittenham is a village and civil parish on the south bank of the River Thames, northeast of Didcot in South Oxfordshire. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire to the county of Oxfordshire and from Wallingford Rural District to the district of South Oxfordshire.

South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire is a local government district in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England. Its council is temporarily based outside the district at Abingdon-on-Thames pending a planned move to Didcot, the district's largest town. The areas located south of the River Thames are within the historic county of Berkshire.
Von Braun reaction
The von Braun reaction is an organic reaction in which a tertiary amine reacts with cyanogen bromide to an organocyanamide. 
An example is the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-1-naphthylamine:

These days, most chemists have replaced cyanogen bromide reagent with chloroethyl chloroformate as the reagent of choice instead for the demethylation of tertiary amines. It appears as though Olofson et al. was the first chemist to have reported this.

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Église Notre Dame Saint-Vincent
The Église Notre Dame Saint-Vincent (French pronunciation: [eɡliz nɔtʁə dam sɛ̃ vɛ̃sɑ̃] ⓘ) is a Roman Catholic church located in Lyon, on the banks of the Saône, quai Saint-Vincent, in the 1st arrondissement of Lyon. In 1984, it was classified as monument historique.

1st arrondissement of Lyon
The 1st arrondissement of Lyon (French: 1e arrondissement de Lyon) is one of the nine arrondissements of the City of Lyon. It is located below the hill of Croix-Rousse and on the north part of the Presqu'île formed by the Saône and the Rhône, the two rivers in Lyon.

This zone is served by the metro lines  and .
Munster Junior Cup (rugby union)
The Munster Junior Cup is a  rugby union competition played in the province of Munster, Ireland. The competition was established for the stronger junior clubs and the second teams of the Senior clubs in the province of Munster. The current champions are Cork Constitution in 2025. The competition has traditionally been dominated by senior clubs.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.
Team Iron
Team Iron is a professional swimming team co-owned by Katinka Hosszú, and a founding member of the International Swimming League (ISL). The team is based in Budapest, Hungary, led by general manager Dorina Szekeres and head coach Jozsef Nagy.

During the inaugural season in 2019, they finished third in the European group and failed to advance to the ISL Grand Finale hosted at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas.

The team hosted one of the seven matches of the inaugural season in the Duna Arena, in Budapest, where they placed second in front of the home crowd. The visiting teams were London Roar, LA Current and New York Breakers.

International Swimming League
The International Swimming League (ISL) was an annual professional swimming league, established in 2019. It features a team-based competition format with fast-paced race sessions. In 2019, the regular season started in October and the Final Match was held in December. Coverage in 2019 reported that the ISL operated with a US$20 million budget for its inaugural season, including US$7 million allocated for athlete and team prize money. Financed by Konstantin Grigorishin, the league expressed an aim of “putting power back into the hands of the athletes.” It also enforced a strict anti-doping policy under which athletes with prior doping suspensions were banned from competition.

After suspending operations following the 2021 season, the league announced plans in December 2025 to target a relaunch as early as 2026 under a revised commercial model.
Fake PPO Probe
The Fake PPO Probe is an investigation ordered by Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki into claims that an individual named Joshua Waiganjo had for 10 years passed off as a top policeman. He is alleged to have sacked and abused junior officers, and attended top security meetings.

National Police Service Commission
The National Police Service Commission of Kenya is an Independent government Commission established under the Constitution of Kenya to ensure smooth functioning of the National Police Service of Kenya.
77th World Science Fiction Convention
The 77th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Dublin 2019—An Irish Worldcon, was held on 15–19 August 2019 at the Convention Centre, as well as in The Point Square, Dublin, Ireland.

The convention chair was James Bacon.

Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation
The Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation is given each year for theatrical films, television episodes, or other dramatized works related to science fiction or fantasy released in the previous calendar year. Originally the award covered both works of film and of television but since 2003, it has been split into two categories: Best Dramatic Presentation (Long Form) and Best Dramatic Presentation (Short Form). The Dramatic Presentation Awards are part of the broader Hugo Awards, which are given every year by the World Science Fiction Society for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The awards are named after Hugo Gernsback, the founder of the first science fiction magazine, Amazing Stories, and was once officially known as the Science Fiction Achievement Award. The award has been described as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction".
William McKillop
William McKillop (1860 – 25 August 1909) was an Ayrshire-born grocer and restaurant-owner in Glasgow who became an Irish nationalist politician, serving for the last decade of his life as an Irish Parliamentary Party member of parliament (MP) for constituencies in Ireland. He was a founding member of the committee which established the Glasgow Celtic football club, but is probably better known for the William McKillop Cup, which he donated to Armagh Gaelic Athletic Association.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Jostaberry
The jostaberry (Ribes × nidigrolaria) is a complex-cross fruit bush in the genus Ribes, involving three original species: the blackcurrant R. nigrum, the North American coastal black gooseberry, R. divaricatum, and the European gooseberry, R. uva-crispa. It is similar to Ribes × culverwellii, the jochelbeere (sometimes also called black negus), which is descended from just two of these species, R. nigrum and R. uva-crispa.

Ribes
Ribes (/ˈraɪbiːz/) is a genus of approximately 200 known species of flowering plants, predominantly native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Ribes is the sole genus in the plant family Grossulariaceae. The genus includes species commonly referred to as redcurrants, blackcurrants, whitecurrants, and gooseberries. Several species are cultivated both for their edible fruit and as ornamental plants in horticulture. Notably, Ribes are also alternate hosts for white pine blister rust, a fungal pathogen predominantly impacting five-needle pines.
Obeth Kandjoze
Obeth Mbuipaha Kandjoze (born 9 August 9, 1966 in Windhoek) is a Namibian politician of the ruling SWAPO Party. He was Namibia's director-general of the National Planning Commission and Minister of Economic Planning.

Kandjoze holds a Master of Science degree in geology from the University of Helsinki, Finland, a Bachelor of Science degree, also in geology, from the University of Cape Town. He has worked for the National Petroleum Corporation of Namibia since 1999 and was its CEO from 2012.

Kandjoze was appointed Minister of Mines and Energy by president Hage Geingob in 2015. In a cabinet reshuffle in February 2018 he swapped positions with Tom Alweendo and is since the director-general of the National Planning Commission and Minister of Economic Planning.

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Namibia)
The Namibian Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) was established at Namibian independence in 1990. The first Namibian minister of mines and energy was Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, a liberation fighter posthumously declared a national hero of Namibia. The current interim mines and energy minister is president Frans Kapofi, after Natangwe Ithete was dismissed on 26 October 2026.
Indian armour
Armor in the Indian subcontinent was used since antiquity. Its earlier reference is found in the Vedic period. Armor has been described in religious texts; including the Itihasa epics Ramayana and Mahabharat, as well as in the Puranas.

Chain mail
Mail (sometimes spelled maille and, since the 18th century, colloquially referred to as chain mail, chainmail, or chain-mail) is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was widely used in European militaries from the 3rd century BC to the 16th century AD, while in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East it remained in military use until as late as the 18th century. Chain mail is still in use in industries such as butchery and as protection against the powerful bites of creatures such as sharks. A coat of this armour is often called a hauberk or sometimes a byrnie.