hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Łapsze Niżne
Gmina Łapsze Niżne is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the village of Łapsze Niżne, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Nowy Targ and 77 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 124.79 square kilometres (48.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,785.

Nowy Targ
Nowy Targ [ˈnɔvɨ ˈtark] (Officially: Royal Free city of Nowy Targ, Yiddish: Naymark, Goral dialect: Nowy Torg [ˈnuɔvɨ 'tɔrg]) is a town in southern Poland, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is located in the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin at the foot of the Gorce Mountains, at the confluence of the Czarny Dunajec and the Biały Dunajec. It is the seat of the Nowy Targ County and the rural Gmina Nowy Targ, as well as the Tatra Euroregion.

With 33,293 inhabitants, Nowy Targ is the largest town and the historic capital of Podhale, as well as its main commercial, communication and industrial center.

The town has the Podhale State Vocational University and the highest located airport in Poland.

Established before 1233, Nowy Targ received city rights on 22 June 1346 from King Casimir the Great. The historic architectural and urban complex of the town with a medieval market square has been preserved to this day.
Linjegods
Linjegods was a freight rail transporting company in Oslo, Norway.

It was established in 1973 as a cooperation between the Norwegian State Railways and several road transport companies. Swedish Bilspedition was a large owner since 1984 and majority owner since 1992. Bilspedition was later bought by German corporation Schenker AG in 1998, and Linjegods became wholly owned by Schenker in 2005. In 2007, Linjegods was incorporated into the already existing Schenker subsidiary in Norway, Schenker Norge.

Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.
Nana Obiri Yeboa
Nana Obiri Yeboa was the Kwamanhene during his era and the occupant of the Aban Dwa Stool. He reigned from 1660 to 1680. He was succeeded by Nana Osei Tutu as the chief of Kwaman state which was later known as Kumasi state. He was the uncle of Osei Tutu. Nana Obiri Yeboa's uncle was Nana Oti Akenten.

Nana Oti Akenten
Nana Oti Akenten (ruled from 1630 – 1660) was the ruler of the Asante Oyoko clan which occupied parts of what is now Ghana. Nana Oti was the brother of Nana Kobia Antwi and their mother was Antwiwaa Nyame. Nana Oti sent his hunter called Bofoo Nyame on a trip and he discovered that the Agona family has already settled in a place called Kwaebrem which was later called Kwaabre. When the hunter learned that the area was productive, he went to tell Nana Oti. The settlement was then given the name Kumasi after the monarch, his family, and some of his followers opted to purchase that portion of the land from Agonaba Obaapanyin Adwoa Wiri. It was under his regime that a series of military operations against other Akan states came into alliance with the Ashanti. During his reign, there was a trend towards Ashanti military unification.
Onychostoma meridionale
Onychostoma meridionale is a species of cyprinid in the genus Onychostoma. It inhabits Southeast Asia and is considered "least concern" by the IUCN. It has a maximum length of 14.0 centimetres (5.5 in).

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Malekabad, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
Malekabad (Persian: ملك اباد, also Romanized as Malekābād) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 202, in 36 families.

Babuyi Rural District
Babuyi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بابوئي) is in Bustan District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Bustan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Basht.
NGC 16
NGC 16 is a lenticular galaxy located in the Pegasus constellation. It was discovered on September 8, 1784, by William Herschel.

In the Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook,
  the visual appearance of NGC 16 is described as follows:

Round, with a slightly brighter centre; the outer nebulosity is of uniform surface brightness.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Solid stress
The stresses, one of the physical hallmarks of cancer, is exerted by the solid components of a tissue and accumulated within solid structural components (i.e., cells, collagen, and hyaluronan) during growth and progression.

Solid stress in tumors is a residual stress that is elevated because of abnormal tumor growth and resistance to growth from the surrounding normal tissues or from within the tumors. Solid stress, independent of the interstitial fluid pressure, induces hypoxia and impedes drug delivery by compressing blood vessels in tumors. Solid stress is heterogeneous in tumors with tensile stresses distributed more at the periphery of the tumor, and compressive stresses more at the tumor core.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
2019 Ecuadorian protests
The 2019 Ecuadorian protests were a series of protests and riots against austerity measures including the cancellation of fuel subsidies, adopted by President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno and his administration. Organized protests ceased after indigenous groups and the Ecuadorian government reached a deal to reverse the austerity measures, beginning a collaboration on how to combat overspending and public debt.

National Assembly (Ecuador)
The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional) is the unicameral legislature of Ecuador. It replaced the National Congress in 2009 following reforms under the 2008 Constitution. Within Ecuador, the National Assembly has the power to pass laws, while appointment of judges to the National Court of Justice is done by a separate Judicial Council.
Faella
Faella is a frazione of Pian di Scò in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 30 km southeast of Florence and about 35 km northwest of Arezzo, in the Valdarno.

Faella borders the following municipalities: Castelfranco di Sopra, Figline Valdarno, Reggello.

Castelfranco di Sopra
Castelfranco di Sopra is a frazione (parish) of the comune of Castelfranco Piandiscò, in the province of Arezzo, in the Italian region of Tuscany. It is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Florence and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Arezzo. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

It was an autonomous comune until 1 January 2014, when it was merged with Pian di Scò to form the new comune of Castelfranco Piandiscò.
Abdul Aziz bin Husain
Abdul Aziz bin Husain (born 18 July 1950 in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia) is the current Chairman of Eksons Corporation Bhd, a public listed entity that has two plywood plants in Sabah and Sarawak. He is involved in the real estate sector through Eksons' subsidiary Atmosphere Sdn Bhd.

Bin Husain's last post in the public sector was group managing director of Sarawak Energy Berhad, which he held after his retirement as State Secretary of the Sarawak Civil Service in December 2006. Before being appointed as the group MD, he was the chairman of the group executive management committee as well as the director of the company.

Swinburne University of Technology
The Swinburne University of Technology (or simply Swinburne) is a public research university in Melbourne, Australia. It is the modern descendant of the Eastern Suburbs Technical College established in 1908, renamed Swinburne Technical College in 1913 after its co-founders George and Ethel Swinburne. It has three campuses in metropolitan Melbourne: Hawthorn, where its main campus is located; Wantirna; and Croydon, as well the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus in the East Malaysian state of Sarawak. It also offers courses online and through its partnered institutions in Australia and overseas.

The university offers study programs in commerce, healthcare, teacher education, law, engineering, aviation, architecture, the performing arts and various other fields including in the arts and sciences. It also offers Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) research programs and courses in vocational education.
Swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre breaststroke
The women's 200 metre breaststroke was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event, as women only swam freestyle events before this Games. The competition was held on Wednesday July 16, 1924 and on Friday July 18, 1924.

Swimming at the 1924 Summer Olympics
At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, eleven swimming events were contested, six for men and five for women. The competitions were held from Sunday July 13, 1924, to Sunday July 20, 1924.

There were 169 participants from 23 countries competing.  The United States team, coached by Bill Bachrach, won 19 of the 33 medals, and 9 of the 11 gold medals.
Golden Ridge, Western Australia
Golden Ridge is an abandoned town in Western Australia located 615 kilometres (382 mi) east of Perth just off the Mount Monger Road in the Goldfields-Esperance region.

The town was originally designated as a business area through the mining act and was known as Waterfall. The government gazetted the town-site in 1910 following a request by the local progress committee to make more land available for residential development. It was initially named Waterfall, but the Commonwealth Government disagreed with the choice of name as another town with the same name already existed in New South Wales. The gazettal committee then chose the name Golden Ridge after the gold mine of the same name that lies adjacent to the town and officially the name in 1911.

The Trans-Australian Railway built a station in the town in 1913–1914. Golden Ridge is the second station east of Kalgoorlie between Parkeston and Curtin.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Suicide legislation
Suicide is a crime in some parts of the world. However, while suicide has been decriminalized in many countries, the act is almost universally stigmatized and discouraged. In some contexts, suicide could be utilized as an extreme expression of liberty, as is exemplified by its usage as an expression of devout dissent towards perceived tyranny or injustice which occurred occasionally in cultures such as ancient Rome, medieval Japan, or today's Tibet Autonomous Region.

While a person who has died by suicide is beyond the reach of the law, there can still be legal consequences regarding treatment of the corpse or the fate of the person's property or family members. The associated matters of assisting a suicide and attempting suicide have also been dealt with by the laws of some jurisdictions. Some countries criminalise suicide attempts.

History of the judicial system of Iran
A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

After the 1979 Iranian Revolution overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty, the system was greatly altered. The legal code is now based on Islamic law or sharia, although many aspects of civil law have been retained, and it is integrated into a civil law legal system. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic, the judiciary in Iran "is an independent power" with a Ministry of Justice, head of the Supreme Court, and also a separate appointed Head of the Judiciary.
Zagashk
Zagashk (Persian: زگشك; also known as Zagashtak) is a village in Chah Dadkhoda Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 16 families.

Chah Dadkhoda District
Chah Dadkhoda District (Persian: بخش چاه دادخدا) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Dadkhoda.

The district is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of the county center and most of its people are farmers. Cereals, sesame and dates are the major crops grown in this area. The main source of irrigation is underground water, with some seasonal rivers that flow and end in Jaz-e Moryan.
Gambasca
Gambasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Gambasca borders the following municipalities: Brossasco, Martiniana Po, Revello, Rifreddo, and Sanfront.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Land stewardship
Land stewardship has various connotations across the world but the common underlying theme is caring for a piece of land regardless of its ownership taking into consideration ecological, economic, social, and cultural dimensions.

Environmental stewardship
Environmental stewardship (or planetary stewardship) refers to the responsible use and protection of the natural environment through active participation in conservation efforts and sustainable practices by individuals, small groups, nonprofit organizations, federal agencies, and other collective networks. Aldo Leopold (1887–1949) championed environmental stewardship in land ethics, exploring the ethical implications of "dealing with man's relation to land and to the animals and plants which grow upon it."
The Black Man's Land Trilogy
The Black Man's Land Trilogy is a series of documentary films on colonialism, nationalism and revolution in Africa, filmed in Kenya in 1970 and released in 1973, and still widely used in African studies programs internationally. The three titles are White Man's Country, Mau Mau, and Kenyatta.

John J. O'Connor of the New York Times called it "A solid historical document skewed, valuably, to a distinctive African point of view."

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
Malay grammar
Malay grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of expressions in the Malay language (Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore) and Indonesian (Indonesia and Timor Leste). This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses and sentences. In Malay and Indonesian, there are four basic parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and grammatical function words (particles). Nouns and verbs may be basic roots, but frequently they are derived from other words by means of prefixes and suffixes.

For clarity, ⟨ê⟩ is used to denote schwa /ə/, while ⟨e⟩ is used to denote /e/, as both Malay and Indonesian in their orthography do not distinguish both phonemes and are written as ⟨e⟩ (Indonesian also uses accentless ⟨e⟩ for /ə/ and ⟨é⟩ for /e/ instead as in Javanese).

Stative verb
In linguistics, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action. The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs describe situations that are static, or unchanging throughout their entire duration, and dynamic verbs describe processes that entail change over time. Many languages distinguish between the two types in terms of how they can be used grammatically.
Lowe Inlet Marine Provincial Park
Lowe Inlet Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada located on the Inside Passage of the North Coast, 118 km south of Prince Rupert and 75 km north of Butedale. Established on 14 June 1994, the park now contains approximately 765 hectares (1,890 acres) (555 hectares (1,370 acres) of upland and 210 hectares (520 acres) of foreshore).

Prince Rupert, British Columbia
Prince Rupert is a port city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Kaien Island near the Alaskan panhandle. It is the land, air, and water transportation hub of British Columbia's North Coast, and has a population of 12,300 people as of 2021.
2011 Amstel Gold Race
The 2011 Amstel Gold Race was the 46th running of the Amstel Gold Race, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 17 April 2011 over a distance of 260.4 kilometres (161.8 miles) and was the tenth race of the 2011 UCI World Tour season.

Omega Pharma–Lotto's Philippe Gilbert claimed victory for the second successive year after making a decisive move in the race's closing stages, attacking the field on the final climb of the race – the 12% gradient Cauberg – and thus becoming the first rider to win two Amstel Gold Races since Rolf Järmann won the race in 1993 and 1998. Gilbert also became only the second rider to win the race in consecutive years after Jan Raas' four consecutive victories between 1977 and 1980. Team Katusha's Joaquim Rodríguez finished the race in second place, having been the last challenger to Gilbert on the Cauberg, with the podium completed by Team Sky rider Simon Gerrans.

1993 Amstel Gold Race
The 1993 Amstel Gold Race was the 28th edition of the annual Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on April 24, 1993, in the Dutch province of Limburg. The race stretched 249 kilometres, with the start in Heerlen and the finish in Maastricht. There were a total of 158 competitors, with 87 cyclists finishing the race.
Buhoci
Buhoci is a commune in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Bijghir, Buhocel, Buhoci, Coteni, and Dospinești.

The commune is located in the central part of the county, on the left bank of the Siret River. It is part of the Bacău metropolitan area, which comprises the county seat, Bacău, and several nearby localities. Buhoci is crossed by  national road DN2F, which connects Bacău, 7 km (4.3 mi) to the west, to Vaslui, 76 km (47 mi) to the east.

Vaslui
Vaslui (Romanian pronunciation: [vasˈluj]), a city in eastern Romania, is the seat of Vaslui County, in the historical region of Western Moldavia. The city administers five villages: Bahnari, Brodoc, Moara Grecilor, Rediu, and Viișoara.
1992 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1992 UCI Road World Championships was the 59th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 6 September 1992 in Benidorm, Spain. The race was won by Gianni Bugno of Italy.

UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single mass start road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.