hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Hanau
The Battle of Hanau was fought from 30 to 31 October 1813 between Karl Philipp von Wrede's Austro-Bavarian corps and Napoleon's retreating French during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

Following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig earlier in October, Napoleon began to retreat from Germany into France and relative safety. Wrede attempted to block Napoleon's line of retreat at Hanau on 30 October. Napoleon arrived at Hanau with reinforcements and defeated Wrede's forces. On 31 October Hanau was in French control, opening Napoleon's line of retreat.

The Battle of Hanau was an important tactical victory allowing Napoleon's depleted army to retreat onto French soil to prepare to face an invasion of France.

Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)
The Imperial Guard (French: Garde Impériale) was the imperial guard formation of the French Imperial Army. Under the direct command of Napoleon, the formation expanded considerably over time and acted as his personal bodyguard and tactical reserve. The Imperial Guard was divided into a general staff and infantry, cavalry and artillery regiments along with battalions of sappers and marines. It distinguished between experienced veterans and less experienced members by being separated into three formations: the Old Guard, Middle Guard and Young Guard. The Young Guard was virtually annihilated in the Battle of Krasnoi during the French invasion of Russia.
2014 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 2014 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by second-year head coach Bret Bielema, the Razorbacks compiled an overall record of 7–6 with a mark of 2–6 in conference play, placing last out of seven teams in the SEC's Western Division. Arkansas was invited to the Texas Bowl, where the Razorbacks defeated Texas. The team played five home games at Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas and two home games at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium
Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium is an American football stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas and serves as the home field of the University of Arkansas Razorbacks football team since its opening in 1938. The stadium was formerly known as Razorback Stadium since 1941 before the name of Donald W. Reynolds, an American businessman and philanthropist, was added in 2001. The playing field in the stadium is named  Frank Broyles Field, honoring former Arkansas head football coach and athletic director Frank Broyles.

During the 2000-2001 renovations, Razorback Stadium increased the seating capacity from 50,019 to 72,000, with an option to expand capacity to 76,000 with the "temporary" bleacher seating atop the south end. The current seating capacity is 76,212.
Adamsoceras
Adamsoceras is a genus of actinocerids of the family Wutinoceratidae, with spheroidal siphuncle segments like Ormoceras, but having a reticular canal system like Wutinoceras. Adamsoceras has a slender, gently expanding, orthoconic shell that is slightly broader than high, i.e. depressed, with close spaced septa that form ventral lobes and a siphuncle that is near the ventral margin.

Adamsoceras is known from rocks of Whiterockian age (early Middle Ordovician) in Nevada, the Baltic, Tasmania, and Manchuria. It may have been derived from Wutinoceras, or from a common ancestor, and gave rise to Ormoceras.

The genotype is Adamsoceras isabelae from the upper Pogonip Group in Ikes Canyon in the Toquima Range in Nevada.

Wutinoceratidae
The Wutinoceratidae are a family of early actinocerids defined by Shimazu and Obata in 1938 for actinocerids with thick connecting rings and a complex irregular canal system. Actinocerids are generally straight shelled nautiloid cephalopods with a siphuncle composed of expanded segments, typically with thin connecting rings, in which the internal deposits are penetrated by a system of canals.

The Wutinoceratidae include three genera, Wutinoceras, Cyrtonybyoceras, and Adamsoceras, known especially from the early Middle  Ordovician (Whiterock stage) in northeastern China and North America, but found also from the same age in Australia and northern Europe.  Wutinoceras is the earliest and gave rise to Cyrtonybyoceras and Adamsoceras. Cyrtonybyoceras left no descendants, but Adamsoceras gave rise to the Ormoceratidae. Wutinoceras, further on, gave rise to the Armenoceratidae and possibly to the immediate ancestors of Actinoceras.
Vilafranca de Bonany
Vilafranca de Bonany (Balearic Catalan: [viləˈfɾaŋkə ðə bonˈaɲ]) is a small municipality in the district of Pla on Majorca, one of the Balearic Islands in Spain.  It is an agricultural town, known for its market stalls along the highway selling spices, fruits, and vegetables as well as tiny doughnuts called bunyols in Majorcan language and buñuelos in Spanish, and also known for the historic Santa Barbara Church built in the 1730s.

In the northeast outskirts of the town is a 17th-century monastery called Ermita de Bonany, or Hermitage of Bonany.  It was built in thanks for a good harvest; the name "Bonany" literally means "good year".

This town borders Felanitx, Porreres, Sant Joan, Petra (birthplace of Junípero Serra) and Manacor.

Manacor
Manacor (Balearic Catalan: [mənəˈkɔ]) is a town and municipality on the island of Mallorca, part of the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. It is the second-largest town in Mallorca, after the capital of Palma.  The municipality features tourist attractions such as Porto Cristo, site of the famous Caves of Drach, and Cales de Mallorca. Manacor has one of the busiest street markets on the island, held every Monday morning. Manacor is famous for high-quality wood furniture manufacturing and artificial pearls.
Newbliss
Newbliss (Irish: Cúil Darach, meaning 'corner of the oaktrees'), historically known as Lisdaragh (Irish: Lios Darach, meaning 'ringfort abounding in oak trees'), is a village and townland in the west of County Monaghan in Ireland. The village is 15 km south-west of Monaghan town where the R183 and R189 roads intersect.

Monaghan
Monaghan (/ˈmɒnəhən/ MON-ə-hən; Irish: Muineachán [ˈmˠɪnʲəxaːnˠ]) is the county town of County Monaghan, Ireland. It also provides the name of its civil parish and Monaghan barony.

The population of the town as of the 2022 census was 7,894. The town is on the N2 road from Dublin to Derry and Letterkenny.
Takasu, Hokkaido
Takasu (鷹栖町, Takasu-chō) is a town in Kamikawa Subprefecture in Hokkaido, Japan. Translated into English, Takasu means "hawk's nest," the original Ainu name for the town. As of 25 February 2025, the town had an estimated population of 6,441 in 3071 households, and a population density of 21 people per km2. The total area of the town is 139.42 km2 (53.83 sq mi).

Kamikawa Subprefecture
Kamikawa (上川総合振興局, Kamikawa-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. The name is derived from Kamikawa no hitobito no Shūraku (Village of the Upstream People), a translation of the Ainu Peni Unguri Kotan. Settlement began in 1867. The sub-prefecture was established in 1897.

Asahikawa Airport stretches over the outskirts of Asahikawa City and Higashikagura in Kamikawa (Ishikari) District.
2018–19 Marist Red Foxes men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Marist Red Foxes men's basketball team represented Marist College in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played its home games in Poughkeepsie, New York for the 42nd consecutive year at the McCann Arena, which has a capacity of 3,200. This season marked the program's 38th Division I season and its 22nd consecutive year as a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The team was led by first-year head coach John Dunne, who took the open head coaching position after spending the last 12 seasons at conference rival Saint Peter's University. They finished the 2018–19 season 12–19 overall, 7–11 in MAAC play to finish in eighth place. As the No. 8 seed in the 2019 MAAC tournament, they were defeated by No. 9 seed Saint Peter's in the first round 68–71 in overtime.

John Dunne (basketball)
John Dunne (born June 11, 1970) is an American college basketball coach and current head men's basketball coach at Marist College.

He was previously an assistant coach at Adelphi University under Steve Clifford and at Seton Hall University under Louis Orr. He also served as an assistant coach at Siena College.

Dunne was born in Queens, New York and attended Archbishop Molloy High School, where he also played basketball. He played at the collegiate level at Ithaca College.

Dunne was hired by Saint Peter's University as their men's basketball coach in 2006. While at Saint Peter's, he became the first coach in MAAC history to bring a No. 9 seed to the semifinals of the MAAC tournament, when Saint Peter's University beat No. 1 seeded Rider University 66–55 on March 2, 2018.

On April 3, 2018, Dunne was hired as the new coach for Marist College.
Kontrewers, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Kontrewers [kɔnˈtrɛvɛrs] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mniów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Mniów and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Mniów
Mniów [mɲuf] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mniów. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Odontopteryx
Odontopteryx is a genus of the extinct pseudotooth birds or pelagornithids. These were probably rather close relatives of either pelicans and storks, or of waterfowl, and are here placed in the order Odontopterygiformes to account for this uncertainty.

Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
Walsall Council
Walsall Council, formally Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council, is the local authority for the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall in the West Midlands, England. The town of Walsall had been a borough from medieval times, which was reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2019. The council meets at Walsall Council House and has its main offices at the adjoining Civic Centre.

Walsall
Walsall (/ˈwɔːlsɔːl/, or /ˈwɒlsɔːl/; locally /ˈwɔːsʊl/) is a market town and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, part of The Black Country in the West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Birmingham, 7 miles (11 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Lichfield.

Walsall was transferred from Staffordshire to the newly created West Midlands county in 1974. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.
1995 AT&T Challenge
The 1995 AT&T Challenge was an ATP men's tennis  tournament held in Atlanta, Georgia, United States that was part of the World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was held from May 1 through May 7, 1995. Second-seeded Michael Chang won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

Verizon Tennis Challenge
The Verizon Tennis Challenge (ex Paine Webber Classic from 1984 in Boca Raton to 1987 in Orlando) was a Grand Prix tennis circuit and Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour affiliated men's tennis tournament played from 1984 to 2001. It was held in the United States, in Boca Raton, Florida in 1984, in Fort Myers, Florida in 1985 and 1986, in Orlando, Florida from 1987 to 1991, and at the Atlanta Athletic Club in what is now Johns Creek, Georgia from 1992 to 2001. The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts from 1985 to 1991 and on outdoor clay courts from 1992 to 2001.
Apostol Petkov
Apostol Petkov Terziev (Bulgarian/Macedonian: Апостол Петков Терзиев; May 6, 1869 – August 2, 1911) was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary and one of the leaders of the national liberation movement in Ottoman Macedonia. He was a leading komitadji in the armed units of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and later participated in the Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. He took part in the battles against the Ottoman authorities in the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising and Macedonian Struggle. Petkov was often referred to by his admirers as the Sun of Enidzhe-Vardar.

Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912. From 1904 to 1908 the conflict was part of a wider guerrilla war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia and its Christian population. Particularly over the national affiliation of the Slavic population which was forced to declare themselves for either of the sides. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand. Though the conflict largely ceased by the Young Turk Revolution, it continued as a low intensity insurgency until the Balkan Wars.
Glossary of calculus
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together. You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.

This glossary of calculus is a list of definitions about calculus, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.
Funding
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources.

Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes. Funding methods such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as "soft funding" or "crowdfunding". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in a company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding. Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Amanieu V d'Albret
Amanieu V was the Lord of Albret from 1209 to 1255. He was the son of Amanieu IV, lord of Albret, and participated in the Albigensian Crusade, being at the siege of Termes in 1210.

Amanieu was originally an ally of the English against the French in the Anglo-French War (1213–1214), but in December 1253 he made peace with Louis IX of France. He received a royal pardon. Then, in August 1254, Henry III of England declared peace between him and all his Gascon vassals, Amanieu included.

He had issue:

Amanieu VI lord of Albret.

House of Albret
The House of Albret, which derives its name from the lordship (seigneurie) of Albret (Labrit), situated in the Landes, was one of the most powerful feudal families of France and Navarre during the Middle Ages.
Amborobe
Amborobe is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vohipeno, which is a part of the region of Fitovinany. The population of the municipality was 4,586 in 2018.

This municipality is situated alongside National Road 12 North of Vohipeno.

Vohipeno
Vohipeno is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vohipeno, which is a part of the region of Fitovinany. The population of the commune was 14,751 in 2018.

In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are lychee and cassava. 1.6 percent of the population is employed in service industries, and 0.5 percent in fishing.
Gustavo Zanatta
Gustavo Zanatta Gasperín (born 28 January 1951) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In 2004–2006 he sat in the Chamber of Deputies during the 59th Congress, representing Oaxaca's first district as the substitute of Eviel Pérez Magaña.

Eviel Pérez Magaña
Eviel Pérez Magaña (born 6 April 1963) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). After being the last Minister of Social Development from 2018 to 2019 during the administration of Enrique Peña Nieto, he dedicated to his private business and enterprises. Before being the head of the ministry he was its undersecretary of social development programs. Previously he was a Senator for Oaxaca during the 62nd Congress (2012–2015); in the Senate he was the president of the indigenous affairs commission. He was also elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 2003 and 2009, representing the first district of Oaxaca, and he served as the municipal president of Tuxtepec (2002–2003).
Travnik, Cerkno
Travnik (pronounced [ˈtɾaːu̯nik]) is a small settlement on the right bank of the Idrijca River in the Municipality of Cerkno in the traditional Littoral region of Slovenia. Travnik became a settlement in 1997, when parts of Jazne and Otalež were separated and made into an independent settlement.

Otalež
Otalež (pronounced [ɔˈtaːlɛʃ]) is a village in the Cerkno Hills above the right bank of the Idrijca River in the Municipality of Cerkno in the traditional Littoral region of Slovenia.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Catherine and belongs to the Koper Diocese.
Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate
Al-Qadisiyah Governorate (Arabic: القادسية, al-Qādisiyah), also known as the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate (Arabic: ٱلدِّيوَانِيَّة, ad-Dīwānīyah), is one of the governorates of Iraq.  It is in the southern part of the center of the country. The estimated population of the province is about a million and a half million people, according to the census of 2014. Its capital is Al Diwaniyah. Before 1976, it was part of the ad-Diwāniyah Governorate, along with al-Muthannā and Najaf. The province is named after the historical city of Al-Qadisiyah, the site of the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, where in 636 CE the Islamic Rashidun forces defeated the forces of the Sassanid Empire. The governorate is predominantly Shia Arab. It includes the Mesopotamian Marshes of Hor Aldelmj.

Najaf Governorate
Najaf Governorate (Arabic: محافظة النجف, romanized: Muḥāfażat an-Najaf) is a governorate in central and southern Iraq. The capital is the city of Najaf, with another major city being Al Kufah. Both cities are holy to Shia Muslims, who form the majority of the population.
Robert Flournoy Hosford
Robert Flournoy Hosford (September 6, 1842 – May 16, 1924) was an American politician.  He was a member of the Democratic Party.  Born in Georgia, he served in both the Florida Senate and the Florida House of Representatives.

Liberty County, Florida
Liberty County is a county located in the state of Florida, part of the Big Bend region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,974, making it the least populous county in Florida. Its county seat is Bristol. Torreya State Park  and the Apalachicola National Forest are located within the county. The Apalachicola River runs through the county as well. Liberty County is the only dry county in Florida as Lafayette County prohibits bars, but not retail sale of beer.
Azerbaijan–South Korea relations
Azerbaijan–South Korea relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Korea. The two nations share a history of forging partnerships in the post-Soviet era, with formal diplomatic ties established in 1992 following Azerbaijan's independence in 1991. Although there were no direct historical interactions prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the modern relationship between Azerbaijan and Korea has been shaped by both nations' developments in the 20th and 21st centuries. South Korea was one of the first countries to recognize the independence of Azerbaijan.

Foreign relations of Azerbaijan
The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.
Ab Kanaru, Basht
Ab Kanaru (Persian: اب كنارو, also Romanized as Āb Kanārū; also known as Āb Kanārūn, Āb Kenāreh, and Khān Aḩmad-e Bālā) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 32 families.

Babuyi Rural District
Babuyi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بابوئي) is in Bustan District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Bustan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Basht.