hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NAACP LDF v. Trump
NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. v. Trump, No. 1:17-cv-05427-ALC (S.D.N.Y. 2017), was a lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.  The plaintiffs, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, The Ordinary People Society, and a coalition of civil rights groups alleged that the defendants, President Donald Trump, the Vice President Michael Pence, and Kris Kobach were in violation of the Fifth and Fifteenth Amendments and the Federal Advisory Committee Act by establishing the Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity (PEIC) for the purpose of intentionally discriminating against Black and Latino voters in violation of the Fifth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution and the Federal Advisory Committee Act.

Federal Advisory Committee Act
The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) (Pub. L. 92–463, 86 Stat. 770, enacted October 6, 1972), is a United States federal law which governs the behavior of federal advisory committees. In particular, it has special emphasis on open meetings, chartering, public involvement, and reporting.

The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) oversees the process.
Alice Marriott (actress)
Alice Marriott (17 December 1824 – 25 December 1900), known professionally as Mrs Marriott or Miss Marriott, was a nineteenth-century British stage actress. She was known for regularly playing the part of Hamlet in doublet and hose, to good reviews. She married Robert Edgar, lessee of Sadler's Wells Theatre, and took responsibility for management and production at this and other theatres for some years, besides touring America and Britain. Towards the end of her career she played alongside Sir Henry Irving and Dame Ellen Terry at the Lyceum Theatre, London, but it was Alice Marriott who "made the female Hamlet respectable in England." She was the grandmother of Edgar Wallace and Marriott Edgar.

Surrey Theatre
The Surrey Theatre, London  began life in 1782 as the Royal Circus and Equestrian Philharmonic Academy, one of the many circuses that provided entertainment of both horsemanship and drama (hippodrama).  It stood in Blackfriars Road, near the junction with Westminster Bridge Road, just south of the River Thames in what is now the London Borough of Southwark.
Stagonosuchus
Stagonosuchus is an extinct genus of paracrocodylomorph, possibly a loricatan synonymous with Prestosuchus or a poposauroid. Fossils have been recovered from the Middle Triassic Manda Formation in Tanzania that are Anisian in age.

Manda Formation
The Manda Formation (also known as the Manda Beds) is a Middle Triassic (Anisian?) or possibly Late Triassic (Carnian?) geologic formation in Tanzania. It preserves fossils of many terrestrial vertebrates from the Triassic, including some of the earliest dinosauromorph archosaurs. The formation is often considered to be Anisian in age according to general tetrapod biochronology hypotheses and correlations to the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. However, some recent studies cast doubt to this age, suggesting that parts deposits may actually be younger (Carnian) in age.
Michigan Wolverines field hockey
The Michigan Wolverines field hockey team is the intercollegiate field hockey program representing the University of Michigan. The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Michigan field hockey team plays its home games at Phyllis Ocker Field on the university campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as eleven Big Ten regular season titles and nine Big Ten tournaments since the creation of the field hockey program in 1973. The team is currently coached by Kristi Gannon Fisher.

Phyllis Ocker Field
Phyllis Ocker Field is a 1,500 seat field hockey field on the main campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The field is named after Phyllis Ocker, a former University of Michigan teacher, field hockey coach, and athletics administrator. The facility opened in 1995.
Dubitatio
Dubitatio is a fungal genus in the family Massariaceae. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement of the genus in this family is uncertain. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Dubitatio dubitationum, found in temperate South America.

Massariaceae
The Massariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. It contains 3 genera and 33 species. Taxa in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, but are better known in more temperate zones. Although the family is poorly known, it has been suggested that they are saprobic in wood and bark, with a few species being weak pathogens.
Environmental Ethics (journal)
Environmental Ethics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering environmental philosophy. It was established in 1979 by the philosopher and an environmentalist Eugene Hargrove, and is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center on behalf of the Center for Environmental Philosophy (University of North Texas). The editor-in-chief is Allan A. Thompson (Oregon State University). In establishing the journal, Hargrove stated that "the journal will not have a specific point of view nor will it advocate anything".

Philosophy Documentation Center
The Philosophy Documentation Center (PDC) is a non-profit publisher and resource center that provides access to scholarly materials in applied ethics, classics, philosophy, religious studies, and related disciplines. It publishes academic journals, conference proceedings, anthologies, and online research databases, often in cooperation with scholarly and professional associations. It also provides membership management and electronic publishing services, and hosts electronic journals, series, and other publications from several countries.
2016 Città di Caltanissetta
The 2016 Città di Caltanissetta was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Caltanissetta, Italy between 4 and 12 June 2016.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Forvika
Forvik or Forvika is the administrative centre of Vevelstad Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village of Forvik sits on the coastline along the Vevelstadsundet strait, just north of Vevelstad Church. Forvik is the southern terminus of the Tjøtta-Forvika-Hamnøya ferry line which is part of the Norwegian County Road 17.

Tjøtta
Tjøtta is a village in Alstahaug Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Tjøtta, which is located south of the large island of Alsta. The village is located on an island, but it does have a mainland road connection via Norwegian County Road 17 and a series of bridges heading north to the town of Sandnessjøen. The historic Tjøtta Church is located in the village.

The 0.33-square-kilometre (82-acre) village had a population (2017) of 214 and a population density of 648 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,680/sq mi). Since 2017, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

The climate is mild, compared with most of Northern Norway, with a long summer suited for agriculture. The monthly 24-hr averages range from −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) in the coldest month to 13 °C (55 °F) in both July and August. The average yearly rainfall is 1,020 millimetres (40 in).
Klamath Basin
The Klamath Basin is the region in the U.S. states of Oregon and California drained by the Klamath River. It contains most of Klamath County and parts of Lake and Jackson counties in Oregon, and parts of Del Norte, Humboldt, Modoc, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California. The 15,751-square-mile (40,790 km2) drainage basin is 35% in Oregon and 65% in California. In Oregon, the watershed typically lies east of the Cascade Range, while California contains most of the river's segment that passes through the mountains. In the Oregon-far northern California segment of the river, the watershed is semi-desert at lower elevations and dry alpine in the upper elevations. In the western part of the basin, in California, however, the climate is more of temperate rainforest, and the Trinity River watershed consists of a more typical alpine climate.

Williamson River (Oregon)
The Williamson River of south-central Oregon in the United States is about 100 miles (160 km) long. It drains about 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2) east of the Cascade Range. Together with its principal tributary, the Sprague River, it provides over half the inflow to Upper Klamath Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Oregon. The lake's outlet is the Link River, which flows into Lake Ewauna and the Klamath River.
Sadeqabad, Semirom
Sadeqabad (Persian: صادق اباد, also Romanized as Şādeqābād; also known as Şādeqlū) is a village in Vardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 25 families.

Vardasht Rural District
Vardasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان وردشت) is in Vardasht District of Semirom County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Varaq. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Fathabad.
Estonia at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Estonia competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. This is a list of the results of all Estonian athletes who qualified for the Olympics and were nominated by Estonian Olympic Committee. Estonia was represented in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games by 47 athletes in total of 13 different sporting events. The Estonian delegation, the largest in the nation's Olympic history, marched into the Beijing National Olympic stadium as the 160th nation, before Haiti and after Ireland delegations during the opening ceremony.

Jüri Jaanson, who competed at his sixth Olympics, was the oldest and most experienced team member, and became Estonia's oldest Olympic medal winner with the age of 42 years, 10 months and two days.

Haiti at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Haiti sent a delegation to compete in the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, People's Republic of China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008. Its participation in Beijing marked its seventh consecutive appearance at the summer Olympics and its fourteenth appearance overall, with its first being at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. The Haitian Olympic team included seven athletes (three men and four women) participating in track and field (Barbara Pierre, Ginou Etienne, Nadine Faustin-Parker, and Dudley Dorival), boxing (Azea Austinama), and judo (Joel Brutus and Ange Jean Baptiste). More women participated for Haiti in 2008 than at any single Olympic games prior. Although Pierre and Dorival advanced to quarterfinals in their events, there were no Haitian medalists in Beijing. Brutus carried his country's flag at the ceremonies.
Pico Rodadero
Pico Rodadero, is a mountain of the Cordillera Central in the municipality of Yauco, Puerto Rico. At 2,864 feet (873 m) above sea level, the mountain is the second highest point in Yauco after Mount Membrillo. It is located in a tri-point boundary between the barrios Aguas Blancas, Duey and Sierra Alta, close to Lake Luchetti and Guilarte State Forest.

Guilarte State Forest
Guilarte State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Guilarte) is one of the 20 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico. The forest is located in the eastern half of the Central Mountain Range or Cordillera Central. The main geographical feature of the forest reserve is Monte Guilarte, which is Puerto Rico's 7th highest mountain at 3,950 feet (1,204 m) above sea level. While Monte Guilarte is located in the municipality of Adjuntas, the forest's borders also include parts of Guayanilla, Peñuelas and Yauco.
Bezerrão
Estádio Walmir Campelo Bezerra, usually known as Bezerrão, is a Brazilian football stadium, located at administrative region of Gama, in the Distrito Federal. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people.

Bezerrão is owned by the Government of the Federal District and it is the stadium where Sociedade Esportiva do Gama sometimes plays its home matches. The stadium is named after Antônio Walmir Campelo Bezerra, who was the regional administrator of Gama during the stadium construction.

Sociedade Esportiva do Gama
Sociedade Esportiva do Gama, commonly referred to as Gama, is a Brazilian professional club based in Gama, Distrito Federal, founded on 15 November 1975. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Brasiliense, the top flight of the Distrito Federal state football league.
History of rail transport in Indonesia
Most railway lines in Indonesia were constructed during the Dutch colonial rule. After independence in 1945, many lines were abandoned. The current national rail operator, PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), was founded on 28 September 1945.

3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.
Minoan chronology
Minoan chronology is a framework of dates used to divide the history of the Minoan civilization. Two systems of relative chronology are used for the Minoans. One is based on sequences of pottery styles, while the other is based on the architectural phases of the Minoan palaces. These systems are often used alongside one another.

Establishing an absolute chronology has proved difficult, since different methodologies provide different results. For instance, while carbon dating places the eruption of Thera around 1600 BC, synchronism with Egyptian records would place it roughly a century later.

Chronology
Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, 'time'; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as in a timeline or other sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".

Chronology is a part of periodization. It is also a part of the discipline of history including earth history, the earth sciences, and study of the geologic time scale.
Alois von Beck Widmanstätten
Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstätten (sometimes given as Alois von Beckh-Widmannstätten or Aloys Joseph Franz Xaver Beck Edler von Widmanstätten: 13 July 1754 – 10 June 1849) was a printer and mineralogist from the Holy Roman Empire and then the Austrian Empire. He is known for recognizing a unique pattern of cross-hatching lines on the surface of iron-rich meteorites, now called Widmanstätten patterns, resulting from the cooling and crystallization of interstitial minerals. A crater on the Moon is named after Widmanstätten.

Ernst Chladni
Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (UK: /ˈklædni/, US: /ˈklɑːdni/, German: [ɛʁnst ˈfloːʁɛns ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈkladniː]; 30 November 1756 – 3 April 1827) was a German physicist and musician. His most important work, for which he is sometimes labeled the father of acoustics, included research on vibrating plates and the calculation of the speed of sound for different gases. He also undertook pioneering work in the study of meteorites and is regarded by some as the father of meteoritics.
Nilufar Yasmin
Nilufar Yasmin (13 February 1948 – 10 March 2003) was a Bangladeshi singer of Nazrul Sangeet, Rajanikanta Geeti, Dwijendra Geeti and Atul Prasdi genre. She was the fourth of five Yasmin sisters of Bangladesh music. Her siblings are Farida Yasmin, Fauzia Yasmin, Nazma Yasmin, and Sabina Yasmin. She was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2004 by the Government of Bangladesh. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her performance in the film Shuvoda (1986).

Dwijendralal Ray
Dwijendralal Ray (19 July 1863 – 17 May 1913), also known as D. L. Ray, was an  Indian Bengali poet, playwright, and musician. He was known for his Hindu mythological and nationalist historical plays and songs known as Dwijendrageeti or the Songs of Dwijendralal, which number over 500, create a separate subgenre of Bengali music.
2026 Westminster City Council election
The 2026 Westminster City Council election will take place on 7 May 2026, as part of the 2026 United Kingdom local elections. All 54 members of Westminster City Council will be elected. The election will take place alongside local elections in the other London boroughs.

West End (Westminster ward)
West End is an electoral ward of the London borough of the City of Westminster, in the United Kingdom.

The ward has existed since elections to Westminster City Council that took place on 4 May 1978. It is named after the West End of London, which covers a wider area of inner West London.

It lies in the east of the borough and since 2022 broadly covers the neighbourhoods of Mayfair, Soho, Marylebone immediately north of Oxford Street and the section of Fitzrovia in Westminster. The boundaries of the ward were revised in 2002 and 2022. From 1978 it returned two councillors and since 2002 has returned three.

For elections to Parliament, West End is part of the Cities of London and Westminster constituency.

Notable former councillors for the ward include Nick Boles, MP for Grantham and Stamford from 2010 to 2019, and journalist Glenys Roberts.
Boyar hat
The boyar hat (Russian: боярская шапка, more correct Russian name is горлатная шапка, gorlatnaya hat) was a fur hat worn by Russian nobility between the 15th and 17th centuries, most notably by boyars, for whom it was a sign of their social status. The higher hat indicated the higher status.

In average, it was one ell in height, having the form of a cylinder with more broad upper part, velvet or  brocade top and the main body made of fox, marten or sable fur.

When taken off, the hat was often held above the forearm, between hand and elbow, or worn as a muff. When at home, the hats were preserved on wooden stands that were adorned with painted designs.

Today the hats of this type are sometimes used in Russian fashion.

Muff (handwarmer)
A muff is a fashion accessory for outdoors usually made of a cylinder of fur or fabric with both ends open for keeping the hands warm. It was introduced to women's fashion in the 16th century and was popular with both men and women in the 17th and 18th centuries.  By the early 19th century, muffs were used in Europe only by women. It is also reported that the fashion largely fell out of style in the 19th century.

It briefly returned in the mid-1940s, and in the 1960s was developed as a motorcycle accessory for attachment as rider-protection and comfort during the cooler months.
Oasis effect
The oasis effect refers to the creation of a local microclimate that is cooler than the surrounding dry area due to evaporation or evapotranspiration of a water source or plant life and higher albedo of plant life than bare ground. The oasis effect is so-named because it occurs in desert oases. Urban planners can design a city's layout to optimize the oasis effect to combat the urban heat island effect. Since it depends on evaporation, the oasis effect differs by season.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
1989 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1989 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 92nd staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Seir Kieran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 22 October 1989 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Lusmagh and Seir Kieran, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Lusmagh won the match by 1–11 to 1–10 to claim their first ever championship title.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
1981 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1981 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 87th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 13 September to 1 November 1981.

Killeedy entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tournafulla in the West Limerick SHC semi-final.

The final, a replay, was played on 1 November 1981 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between South Liberties and Kilmallock, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in 14 years. South Liberties won the match by 4–07 to 2–11 to claim their seventh championship title overall and a first title in three years.

Kilmallock's Paddy Kelly was the championship's Top scorer with 3–25.

1980 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1980 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 86th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Patrickswell entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by South Liberties in the semi-final.

The final was played on 12 October 1980 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Killeedy and South Liberties, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in four years. Killeedy won the match by 2–07 to 1–07 to claim their first ever championship title.

Killeedy's Willie Fitzmaurice was the championship's top scorer with 3–25.
W Jezioranach
W Jezioranach (In Jeziorany) is a popular Polish radio drama. It began in 1960 and has continued to the present with one 30-minute episode every week on Program 1 of Polskie Radio. The series tells a story of an average Polish rural family, in the fictional village of Jeziorany, near Puławy. It was conceptualized as a rural counterpart to urban Matysiakowie.

Alongside Matysiakowie it has been called one of the most enduring Polish radio dramags. Due to its long running status the show has been called "legendary" and described as having a "cult status".

In 2019 the show celebrated its 3000th episode.

Polskie Radio
The Polish Radio (PR; Polish: Polskie Radio, PR) is a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland, founded in 1925. It is owned by the State Treasury of Poland. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.