hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old City of Gaza
31°30′12″N 34°27′48″E﻿ / ﻿31.50333°N 34.46333°E﻿ / 31.50333; 34.46333

The Old City of Gaza is the historical center of Gaza City, in the Gaza Strip. It consists of a heavily built up urban area with many historical buildings on a 10 - 30 metre high low-lying tell covering an area of about 100 hectares (1.0 km2). It sits at a distance of 3.5 km from the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea between two wadis: Wadi Gaza to the south, and Wadi el Hesi to the north.

For much of recorded history it has been the southernmost coastal city in the region of Palestine, occupying a strategic position on the ancient trade route the Via Maris, between Egypt and the Levant. Throughout its history, Gaza has been ruled by various empires, including the Philistines, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Romans, and Ottomans. Following Israeli bombardment during the ongoing Gaza–Israel conflict, the Old City has been described in 2024 as "a vast field of ruins".

Georg Gatt
Georg Gatt (1843–1924) was a Tyrolean Roman Catholic priest and missionary, best known for establishing a parish and several institutions in Gaza, and his association with the Austrian Pilgrim Hospice to the Holy Family in Jerusalem, during the late 19th century.
Howard N. Watson
Howard N. Watson (1929–2022) was an African-American watercolorist, landscape artist, illustrator and teacher. He was known for his impressionistic watercolors of historical buildings, streets, neighborhoods and landmarks in the Philadelphia region.

Free Library of Philadelphia
The Free Library of Philadelphia is the public library system that serves the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is the 16th-largest public library system in the United States. The Free Library of Philadelphia is a non-Mayoral agency of the City of Philadelphia governed by an independent Board of Trustees as per the Charter of the City of Philadelphia.

The Free Library of Philadelphia Foundation is a separate 501(c)(3) non-profit with its own board of directors and serves to support the mission of the Free Library of Philadelphia through philanthropic dollars.
Croom Castle
Croom or Crom Castle, also called the Castle of Crom, is a historic castle in the town of Croom, County Limerick, that is notable for its occupation as one of the principal residences of the Kildare branch of the FitzGerald dynasty. Their ancient war cry and motto "Crom a Boo", or in Irish "Crom Abú" or "Crom forever", comes from the strategic fortress. Before the FitzGeralds it was the site of an earlier fortress of the O'Donovans.

It is located on a strategic bend in the River Maigue, hence the name Cromadh, or "bend in the river".

River Maigue
The River Maigue (locally /ˈmæɡ/, Irish: An Mháigh, meaning '[river of] the plain') rises in the Milford area of north County Cork, Ireland. The River Maigue is 38.75 miles (62.36 km) long. It drains an area of 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi)

It is joined by the small River Glen and the larger River Loobagh in south County Limerick. It then flows north through Bruree, after which it augmented by the River Morning Star. It flows through Croom and Adare before entering the Shannon Estuary (Irish: An tSionainn) just north of Ferry Bridge between Kildimo and Clarina, just west of Limerick city. The River Maigue is tidal up to Adare on the N21 Road Bridge.
Psi Aurigae
The Bayer designation Psi Aurigae (ψ Aur, ψ Aurigae) is shared by nine star systems in the constellation Auriga and one in Lynx:

ψ1 Aurigae = 46 Aurigae

ψ2 Aurigae = 50 Aurigae

ψ3 Aurigae = 52 Aurigae

ψ4 Aurigae = 55 Aurigae

ψ5 Aurigae = 56 Aurigae

ψ6 Aurigae = 57 Aurigae

ψ7 Aurigae = 58 Aurigae

ψ8 Aurigae = 61 Aurigae

ψ9 Aurigae = HR 2568

ψ10 Aurigae = 16 Lyncis

The Psi Aurigae stars mostly belonged to the now obsolete constellation Telescopium Herschelii, that is now part of Auriga.

Johann Bode recognised most of the Psi Aurigae stars as part of Telescopium Herschelli, except for Psi1 Aurigae, which he designated d Aurigae, ψ3 which he designated ψ2, and 51 Aurigae being ψ1. After the stars were returned the designations were reverted.

Other names of the Psi Aurigae stars include:

Βουλήγες in Greek, meaning goads

Dolones in Latin

Almost of them were member of asterism 座旗 (Zuò Qí), Seat Flags, Turtle Beak mansion.

51 Aurigae
51 Aurigae is a single star in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of about 5.70. Based on parallax, it is located some 464 light-years (142 parsecs) away from the Sun. It is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 32 km/s.

At 2.2 billion years old, 51 Aurigae has evolved off from the main sequence and is now a K-type giant star. It is 1.58 times as massive as the Sun, 24.5 times as wide, and 178 times as luminous. It emits radiation from its photosphere with an effective temperature of about 4,277 K.
Natural order (philosophy)
In philosophy, the natural order is the moral source from which natural law seeks to derive its authority.  Natural order encompasses the natural relations of beings to one another in the absence of law, which natural law attempts to reinforce. In contrast, divine law seeks authority from God, and positive law seeks authority from government.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Parajotus obscurofemoratus
Parajotus obscurofemoratus is a jumping spider species in the genus Parajotus that lives in the South Africa. It is the only member of the species from the country. The male of the species was first identified by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1903.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Naoto Kan
Naoto Kan (菅 直人, Kan Naoto; born 10 October 1946) is a Japanese former politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) from June 2010 to September 2011.

Kan was the first Prime Minister since the resignation of Junichiro Koizumi in 2006 to serve for more than one year, with his predecessors Yukio Hatoyama, Tarō Asō, Yasuo Fukuda, and Shinzo Abe either resigning prematurely or losing an election. On 26 August 2011, Kan announced his resignation. Yoshihiko Noda was elected as his successor.

On 1 August 2012, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced Kan would be one of the members of the UN high-level panel on the post-2015 development agenda.

Kan would announce his retirement from politics in November 2023. In February 2024 he would publish a memoir reflecting on his time in politics titled 'Fifty Years of Citizen Politics' (市民政治50年, Shimin Seiji 50-nen).

2003 Japanese general election
General elections were held in Japan on November 9, 2003. Incumbent Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi and the Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats in the House of Representatives but failed to secure a majority. The main opposition Democratic Party made considerable gains, winning 177 of the 480 seats in the House of Representatives, its largest share ever. Other traditional parties like the Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party lost substantial numbers of seats, marking the start of a newly consolidated two-party system in Japanese politics, which would end in 2012 with the emergence of the Japan Restoration Party.
Joseph Lucien Bonaparte
Joseph Lucien Charles Napoléon Bonaparte, 3rd Prince of Canino and Musignano (12 February 1824 – 2 September 1865), was born in Philadelphia as the son of Charles Lucien Bonaparte and his wife (and cousin), Zénaïde Bonaparte.

Upon his grandfather Joseph Bonaparte's death in 1844, Joseph Lucien inherited the estate at Point Breeze in Bordentown, New Jersey. Joseph Lucien did not keep the properties and instead put Point Breeze up to be auctioned in 1847. It was bought by businessman Thomas Richards, who was a founder of the Jackson Glass Works in Batsto, New Jersey.

Joseph Lucien succeeded his father as 3rd Prince of Canino and Musignano upon his death on 29 July 1857. Following the death of Joseph Lucien at the age of 41 in Rome, his brother Lucien succeeded him as 4th Prince of Canino and Musignano.

Zénaïde Bonaparte
Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte, Princess of Canino and Musignano (8 July 1801 – 8 August 1854) was the elder daughter of Joseph Bonaparte and Julie Clary, and thus the niece of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the wife of naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte, who was also her cousin. She joined her father in exile for several years in Bordentown, New Jersey.
Laka
In Hawaiian mythology, Laka is the name of two different popular heroes from Polynesian mythology. (In other parts of Polynesia they are known as Rātā, Rata, Lata, Ata, or Lasa).

In one Hawaiian legend, Laka is the daughter of the Ali'i nui Wahieloa and Hoʻolaukahili, grandson of Kahaʻinuiahema. He plans to sail to Hawaii to avenge the murder of his father, but his canoe-building is thwarted by the little gods of the forest.  Because of his offerings to the great gods, however, they give him two outriggers that binds together for his long voyage. He and his companions successfully steal the bones of his father from the cave of Kai-kapu.: 263

Polynesian mythology
Polynesian mythology encompasses the oral traditions of the people of Polynesia (a grouping of Central and South Pacific Ocean island archipelagos in the Polynesian Triangle) together with those of the scattered cultures known as the Polynesian outliers. Polynesians speak languages that descend from a language reconstructed as  Proto-Polynesian – probably spoken in the Tonga and Samoa area around 1000 BC.
History of the Argentina national rugby union team
The History of the Argentina national rugby union team starts with the first international played by an Argentine side against the British Isles in 1910 when they toured on South America. Argentina gained recognition in 1965, when the team toured South Africa playing a series of friendly matches there. In that tour the national team was nicknamed Los Pumas, a name that became an identity mark for Argentina, remaining to present days.

Argentina has taken part in all the Rugby World Cups since the first edition in 1987, being their best performance the 3rd place achieved in 2007. The national side also plays the Rugby Championship since the 2012 edition, after joining the competition one year before.

Estadio GEBA
The Estadio GEBA is a stadium located in the Palermo neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Owned by Club Gimnasia y Esgrima, the stadium is located on the "Sede Jorge Newbery", one of the three facilities of the club. Its current capacity is 12,133 spectators.

The stadium was the main football venue during the 1900s and 1910s, having held matches of the Argentina national team and some club matches during that period. The football team of the club (that played in Primera División from 1911 to 1917) also used the stadium for its home games. After the arson of 1916, the stadium was for a time used mainly for rugby union matches. Nowadays, Estadio GEBA is used for music concerts, having hosted many artists performing there.
2018 Sud Ladies Cup
The 2018 Sud Ladies Cup (officially French: 1ère Sud Ladies Cup – Tournoi Maurice Revello) was the first edition of the Sud Ladies Cup women's football tournament. The tournament was named after Maurice Revello, who started the Toulon Tournament in 1967 and died in 2016.

It was held in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur from 5 to 10 June 2018. All matches were played in Salon-de-Provence. Similar to the Toulon Tournament, the tournament was contested by under-20 national teams.

United States defeated Germany, Haiti and France to sweep all three games and won their first title.

Sud Ladies Cup
The Sud Ladies Cup (officially the Sud Ladies Cup – Tournoi Maurice Revello) is a women's football tournament. The tournament was named after Maurice Revello, who started the Toulon Tournament in 1967 and died in 2016. It is held in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Similar to the Toulon Tournament, the tournament is contested by under-20 national teams. In the 2018 tournament, all matches were played in Salon-de-Provence.

United States won the first tournament defeating Germany, Haiti and France.
Astronomy Centre
The Astronomy Centre, also known as the Amateur Astronomy Centre, is an astronomical observatory located in northern England which is run by experienced amateur astronomers and is open to the public at certain times.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Steep Falls Library
The Steep Falls Library, also known historically as the Pierce Memorial Library, is a public library in the Steep Falls village in the town of Standish, Maine, USA.  Built in 1917 and enlarged in 1924, it was a gift to the community of Henry Pierce, a Standish native who made a business fortune in California.  The building, a handsome Colonial Revival structure designed by Edward F. Fassett, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Standish, Maine
Standish is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 10,244 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Standish Corner, Sebago Lake Village and Steep Falls, and the localities known as Richville, Elmwood, Standish Neck and Two Trails. Standish is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.
Lough Lene Boat
The Lough Lene Boat, also known as The Monks' Boat, is an underwater archaeological artifact from prehistoric Ireland. It was discovered in 1968 on the east side of  Lough Lene, County Westmeath nearest to the Cummerstown/Windtown townlands of Collinstown.  Radiocarbon dating revealed that the boat was constructed sometime between the 1st and 4th century.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
2014–15 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season
The 2014–15 SEC women's basketball season began with practices in October 2014, followed by the start of the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2015 and concluded in March, followed by the 2015 SEC women's basketball tournament at the Verizon Arena in North Little Rock, Arkansas.

Simmons Bank Arena
Simmons Bank Arena (previously Verizon Arena and Alltel Arena) is an 18,000-seat multi-purpose arena in North Little Rock, Arkansas, directly across the Arkansas River from downtown Little Rock. Opened in October 1999, it is the main entertainment venue serving Central Arkansas.

The Little Rock Trojans, representing the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in NCAA Division I sports, played home basketball games at the arena from the time the arena opened until the team moved in 2005 to a new arena, the Jack Stephens Center, on the school's campus in Little Rock. The Arkansas RiverBlades, a defunct ice hockey team of the ECHL; the Arkansas RimRockers, a defunct minor league basketball team of the NBA Development League; and the Arkansas Twisters, a defunct af2 team, also played at the arena. The arena is also used for concerts, rodeos, auto racing, professional wrestling, and trade shows and conventions.
Raw milk movement in the United States
The raw milk movement in the United States refers to advocacy and activism for the consumption of raw milk (unpasteurized and unhomogenized) over pasteurized milk.

Raw milk makes up a small proportion of the milk consumption of the American general population. However, some claim the demand for raw milk has "considerably increased in recent years". Raw milk advocates falsely claim a variety of health benefits attributable to untreated dairy products; government officials and scientific researchers stress that there are substantial food safety risks associated with raw milk, and that claims of health benefits provided by raw milk are unsupported by scientific evidence.

Escherichia coli O157:H7
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli. It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Infection with this type of pathogenic bacteria may lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea, and to kidney failure; these have been reported to cause the deaths of children younger than five years of age, of elderly patients, and of patients whose immune systems are otherwise compromised.

Transmission is via the fecal–oral route, and most illness has been through distribution of contaminated raw leaf green vegetables, undercooked meat and raw milk.
Ikariam
Ikariam is a browser-based massively multiplayer online game of the strategy genre produced and maintained by German-based Gameforge AG. The game is set in the era of classical Greece in an archipelago, with players being made ruler of a small town, which they must expand and lead. Ikariam has received generally positive reviews.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
The Pardoner's Tale
"The Pardoner's Tale" is one of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the order of the Tales, it comes after The Physician's Tale and before The Shipman's Tale; it is prompted by the Host's desire to hear something positive after the physician's depressing tale. The Pardoner initiates his Prologue—briefly accounting his methods of swindling people—and then proceeds to tell a moral tale.

The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under the cover of night. Out of greed, they murder one another. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his "theme": Radix malorum est cupiditas ("Greed is the root of [all] evils").

The Shipman's Tale
"The Shipman's Tale" (also called "The Sailor's Tale") is one of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.

It is in the form of a fabliau and tells the story of a merchant, his wife and her lover, a monk.  Although similar stories can be found in Boccaccio's Decameron, a frequent source for Chaucer's tales, the story is a retelling of a common type of folktale called "the lover's gift regained".
Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle. Although CD56 is often considered a marker of neural lineage commitment due to its discovery site, CD56 expression is also found in, among others, the hematopoietic system. Here, the expression of CD56 is mostly associated with, but not limited to, natural killer cells. CD56 has been detected on other lymphoid cells, including gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells and activated CD8+ T cells, as well as on dendritic cells. NCAM has been implicated as having a role in cell–cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are, as their name implies, receptors that bind to members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins. Some of these receptors are involved in pathological conditions. For example, a point mutation in FGFR3 can lead to achondroplasia.
Japanese calligraphy
Japanese calligraphy (書道, Shodō), also called Shūji (習字), is a form of calligraphy, or artistic writing, of the Japanese language. Written Japanese was originally based on Chinese characters only, but the advent of the hiragana and katakana Japanese syllabaries resulted in intrinsically Japanese calligraphy styles.

Cursive script (East Asia)
Cursive script (simplified Chinese: 草书; traditional Chinese: 草書; pinyin: cǎoshū; Japanese: 草書体, sōshotai; Korean: 초서, choseo; Vietnamese: thảo thư), often referred to as grass script, is a script style used in Chinese and East Asian calligraphy. It is an umbrella term for the cursive variants of the clerical script and the regular script.

The cursive script functions primarily as a kind of shorthand script or calligraphic style and is faster to write than other styles, but it can be difficult to read for those unfamiliar with it because of its abstraction and alteration of character structures. People who can read only standard or printed forms of Chinese or related scripts may have difficulty reading the cursive script.