hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amalgam (chemistry)
An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal. It may be a liquid, a soft paste or a solid, depending upon the proportion of mercury. These alloys are formed through metallic bonding, with the electrostatic attractive force of the conduction electrons working to bind all the positively charged metal ions together into a crystal lattice structure. Many metals can form amalgams with mercury, with some notable exceptions including iron, platinum, tungsten, and tantalum. Gold-mercury amalgam is used in the extraction of gold from ore, and dental amalgams are made with metals such as silver, copper, indium, tin and zinc.

Amalgam (dentistry)
In dentistry, amalgam is an alloy of mercury used to fill teeth cavities. It is made by mixing a combination of liquid mercury and particles of solid metals such as silver, copper or tin. The amalgam is mixed by the dentist just before use. It remains soft for a short while after mixing, which facilitates it being snugly packed into the cavity and shaped before it sets hard.

Dental amalgams were first documented in a Tang dynasty medical text written by Su Gong (苏恭) in 659, and appeared in Germany in 1528. In the 1800s, amalgam became the dental restorative material of choice due to its low cost, ease of application, strength, and durability.
Draethen, Waterloo and Rudry
Draethen, Waterloo and Rudry is a community in the south-west of Caerphilly County Borough, Wales. It comprises the villages of Draethen, Waterloo and Rudry.

The area had originally been 3 separate parishes - Rudry, Rhyd-y-Gwern, and Llanfedw. The parishes later merged, known as Rudry, and in 1974 it became a community. In 2010 it changed to its current name to better reflect the area it covers.

Rudry
Rudry (Welsh: Rhydri) is a small village and community located to the east of Caerphilly in Wales. As a community Rudry contains not only the village of Rudry, but also the villages of Draethen, Garth and Waterloo. The population of the community at the 2011 census was 1,053.
HD 80230
HD 80230 is a single star in the southern constellation of Carina, near the northern constellation border with Vela. It has the Bayer designation g Carinae, while HD 80230 is the star's identifier in the Henry Draper catalogue. This is a suspected variable star with a brightness that has been measured varying from magnitude 4.31 down to 4.35, both of which is bright enough for the star to be visible to the naked eye. The distance to this object is approximately 490 light years based on parallax, but it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −5 km/s.

This object is an aging red giant, currently on the asymptotic giant branch, with a stellar classification of M0.5IIIa. It is a mild barium star, showing trace enhancement of s-process elements in its spectrum. The star has 2.2 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 75 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 1,172 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,904 K.

Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars. This is a period of stellar evolution undertaken by all low- to intermediate-mass stars (about 0.5 to 8 solar masses) late in their lives.

Observationally, an asymptotic-giant-branch star will appear as a bright red giant with a luminosity ranging up to thousands of times greater than the Sun. Its interior structure is characterized by a central and largely inert core of carbon and oxygen, a shell where helium is undergoing fusion to form carbon (known as helium burning), another shell where hydrogen is undergoing fusion forming helium (known as hydrogen burning), and a very large envelope of material of composition similar to main-sequence stars (except in the case of carbon stars).
Zihui
The 1615 Zìhuì is a Chinese dictionary edited by the Ming Dynasty scholar Mei Yingzuo (梅膺祚). It is renowned for introducing two lexicographical innovations that continue to be used in the present day: the 214-radical system for indexing Chinese characters, which replaced the classic Shuowen Jiezi dictionary's 540-radical system, and the radical-and-stroke sorting method.

Chinese character classification
Chinese characters are generally logographs, but can be further categorized based on the manner of their creation or derivation. Some characters may be analysed structurally as compounds created from smaller components, while some are not decomposable in this way. A small number of characters originate as pictographs and ideographs, but the vast majority are what are called phono-semantic compounds, which involve an element of pronunciation in their meaning.

A traditional six-fold classification scheme was originally popularized in the 2nd century CE, and remained the dominant lens for analysis for almost two millennia, but with the benefit of a greater body of historical evidence, recent scholarship has variously challenged and discarded those categories. In older literature, Chinese characters are often referred to as "ideographs", inheriting a historical misconception of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Grupo GEPP
Grupo GEPP, S.A.P.I. de C.V. or known simply as GEPP (Grupo Embotelladora PepsiCo), is a Mexican beverage company based in Mexico City, Mexico. It was founded in 2011 as a merger of assets between the Mexican company Organización Cultiba, the Venezuelan company Empresas Polar, and the American multinational company PepsiCo to consolidate the operations of its brands in Mexico. The company bottles Pepsi in Mexico along with 13 other brands and as the second largest bottler in Mexico, behind Coca-Cola FEMSA but surpassing Arca Continental (AC).

Arca Continental
Arca Continental is a Mexican multinational company that produces, distributes and markets beverages under the Coca-Cola Company brand, as well as snacks under the Bokados brand in Mexico, Inalecsa in Ecuador and Wise and Deep River in the United States.

Arca Continental is the second-largest Coca-Cola bottler in Latin America. The company serves around 123 million people in the northern and western regions of Mexico as well as in Ecuador, Peru, the northern region of Argentina and the southwestern regions of United States.

In 2012 Arca Continental acquired Wise Foods and Inalecsa.
2025 GSOC Tahoe
The 2025 KIOTI GSOC Tahoe was held from November 4 to 9 at the Tahoe Blue Event Center in Stateline, Nevada. It was the third Grand Slam event of the 2025–26 curling season, and was that season's edition of The National, which was rebranded for the event. The event was also the first Grand Slam of Curling event to take place outside of Canada.

National (curling)
The National is a curling tournament that is one of the five events that are part of the Grand Slam of Curling tour, and one of its four "majors".

The event was re-branded in 2025 to the KIOTI GSOC Tahoe to reflect the event being held outside of Canada. The 2004–05 event was also re-branded as the BDO Curling Classic.
Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Arabic: خالد بن حمد آل خليفة; born 23 September 1989) is a member of the Bahraini royal family, and a Bahraini military officer. He is the fifth son of King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.

House of Khalifa
The House of Khalifa (Arabic: آل خليفة, romanized: Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Bahrain. They profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe. Some members of this tribe joined the Utub alliance which migrated from Najd in central Arabia to Kuwait, then ruled all of Qatar, more specifically Al Zubarah, which they built and ruled over before settling in Bahrain in the early 17th century. The current head of the family is King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and proclaimed himself King of Bahrain in 2002, in fact becoming a constitutional monarch.

As of 2025, roughly half of the serving cabinet ministers of Bahrain were members of the Al Khalifa royal family, while the country's Prime Minister, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, is also from the Al Khalifa family and is the son of the current King.
Coney Island Creek Park
Coney Island Creek Park is a public park on the northwestern coast of Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York City. It abuts Coney Island Creek, Gravesend Bay, and Kaiser Park and is across Coney Island Creek from Calvert Vaux Park and Six Diamonds Park.

Calvert Vaux Park
Calvert Vaux Park (formerly known as Dreier Offerman Park) is an 85.53-acre (34.61 ha) public park in Gravesend, Brooklyn, in New York City. Created in 1934, it is composed of several disconnected sections along the Belt Parkway between Bay 44th and Bay 49th Streets. The peninsula upon which the park is located faces southwest into Gravesend Bay, immediately north of the Coney Island Creek. The park was expanded in the 1960s by waste from the construction of the Verrazzano–Narrows Bridge, and was renamed after architect Calvert Vaux in 1998. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, also known as NYC Parks.
HMS Obedient (G48)
HMS Obedient was an O-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was built by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton, between 1940 and 1942. During Warship Week in 1942 she was adopted by the civil community of Lymington, United Kingdom. She was scrapped in 1962.

O and P-class destroyer
The O and P class was a class of destroyers of the British Royal Navy. Ordered in 1939, they were the first ships in the War Emergency Programme, also known as the 1st and 2nd Emergency Flotilla, respectively. They served as convoy escorts in World War II, and some were subsequently converted to fast second-rate anti-submarine frigates in the 1950s.
Kaantju
The Kaantju  (alternate spellings Kaantyu, Kandju and Kaanyu) people are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula in north Queensland. They live in the area around the present-day town of Coen. Most of their traditional tribal land has been taken over for cattle stations. Kaantju refers to the hook of the yuli, their word for woomera.

Wik-Mungkan people
The Wik-Mungkan people are an Aboriginal Australian group of peoples who traditionally ranged over an extensive area of the western Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland and speak the Wik Mungkan language. They were the largest branch of the Wik people.
ART X Lagos
ART X Lagos is an art fair in Lagos, Nigeria. It is the leading international art fair in West Africa, founded and launched in 2016, and eight editions have been held so far.  The tenth edition of the fair will take place between 6 - 9 November 2025.

Nike Davies-Okundaye
Chief Nike Davies-Okundaye (born 1951), also known as Nike Okundaye, Nike Twins Seven Seven and Nike Olaniyi, is a Nigerian Yoruba and adire textile designer. She is best known as an artist for her cloth work and embroidery pieces.
Jaunbērze
Jaunbērze is a village in southern Latvia, the administrative center of Jaunbērze Parish of Dobele Municipality,  in the Semigallia region. Until July 1, 2009, it was part of Dobele District. The distance to the city of Dobele is 14 km, and to Riga is 61 km.

Dobele
Dobele (pronunciationⓘ; German: Doblen) is a town and seat of Dobele Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. It is located near the center of Latvia on the banks of the river Bērze. It received town rights in 1917 whilst being a part of the German occupied Courland Governorate during the First World War. As of 2020, the population was 8,856.
Larry Taylor (basketball)
Larry James Taylor Junior, also commonly known simply as Larry in Brazil (born October 3, 1980), is an American-Brazilian professional basketball player. At a height of 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) tall, he can play either the point guard or shooting guard position, with point guard being his main position. He also represented the senior Brazilian national basketball team. While he was a player of Bauru, he received the nickname "Alienígena" ('Alien'), because of his skills with the basketball.

Novo Basquete Brasil
Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB; English: New Basketball Brazil) is the Brazilian premier professional men's basketball league. It is organized by the Liga Nacional de Basquete (LNB; English: National Basketball League), in a new format of Brazil's previous top-tier level basketball competition, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete (Brazilian Basketball Championship). The NBB is managed by the Brazilian basketball associations, which were founding members of the LNB.
Mullumbimby Creek, New South Wales
Mullumbimby Creek is a small town located in the Northern Rivers Region of New South Wales and it is located in the Byron Shire local government area and is approximately 25.3 kilometres (15.7 mi) from the regional centre of Byron Bay. The closest town is Mullumbimby which is 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) away.

The traditional owners of this place are the Bundjalung (Arakwal) people.

It shares its name with Mullumbimby Creek which runs through it.

Byron Bay
Byron Bay (Minjungbal: Cavvanbah) is a beachside town located in the far-northeastern corner of New South Wales, Australia (in Bundjalung Country). It is located 772 kilometres (480 mi) north of Sydney and 165 kilometres (103 mi) south of Brisbane. Cape Byron, a headland adjacent to the town, is the easternmost point of mainland Australia. At the 2021 census, the town had a permanent population of 6,330. It is the largest town of Byron Shire local government area, though not the shire's administrative centre (which is Mullumbimby).
2018 Korea Open (table tennis)
The 2018 Korea Open was the seventh event of the 2018 ITTF World Tour. The event was organised by the Korea Table Tennis Association, under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). It was the fourth of six top-tier Platinum events on the tour, and took place from 19–22 July in Daejeon, South Korea.

South Korea's Jang Woo-jin won the men's singles, men's doubles and mixed doubles titles, becoming the first player in the history of the ITTF World Tour to win three titles at the same event.

Korea Open (table tennis)
The Korea Open is an annual table tennis tournament in South Korea. It is organised by the Korea Table Tennis Association, under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), and is currently one of six top-tier Platinum events on the ITTF World Tour.
1974 Herbert Pell Cup
The 1974 Herbert Pell Cup was held in Newport, Rhode Island, United States in 1974. The winner, Southern Cross, was awarded the Herbert Pell Cup and went on to challenge for the 1974 America's Cup.

In a defenders selection series that was held simultaneously, four boats competed for the right to defend the America's Cup.

Southern Cross (yacht)
Southern Cross is a 12 Metre yacht. It was designed by Ben Lexcen and constructed in Terrey Hills by Halvorsen Morson and Gowland of Mona Vale the 1974 America's Cup. It was the first aluminium yacht to compete in the America's Cup.
Ton containers
A ton container is a steel, cylindrical barrel equivalent in length and diameter to two stacked 55-gallon drums. A ton container weighs approximately 1,600 pounds and measures nearly seven feet in length.

The United States Army has used ton containers to store and ship bulk chemicals, including chemical agent, since the 1930s.

Ton containers are also used to store chemicals in water treatment plants.

Drum (container)
A drum (also called a barrel) is a cylindrical shipping container used for shipping bulk cargo. Drums can be made of steel, dense paperboard (commonly called a fiber drum), or plastic, and are generally used for the transportation and storage of liquids and powders. Drums are often stackable, and have dimensions designed for efficient warehouse and logistics use.  This type of packaging is frequently certified for transporting dangerous goods. Proper shipment requires the drum to comply with all applicable regulations.
2024 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 2024 New Zealand Grand Prix event for open wheel racing cars was held at Highlands Motorsport Park in Cromwell, Otago on 18 February 2024. It was the sixty-eighth New Zealand Grand Prix and utilised Formula Regional cars. The event served as the final race of the 2024 Formula Regional Oceania Championship and marked the first time Highlands Motorsport Park hosted the New Zealand Grand Prix.

Liam Sceats enjoyed a lights-to-flag victory driving with M2 Competition. Callum Hedge and Michael Shin rounded out the podium.

New Zealand Grand Prix
The New Zealand Grand Prix, sometimes known as the New Zealand International Grand Prix, is an annual motor racing event held in New Zealand. First held in 1950, it is best known for hosting rounds of the Tasman Series in the 1960s and 1970s. It is currently run as the signature race of the Formula Regional Oceania Championship.

It is one of only two current national Grand Prix events that are not part of the Formula One World Championship, the other being the Macau Grand Prix.
Western Flyers
Western Flyers are a former New Zealand netball team that represented Hawke's Bay, Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki. Between 1998 and 2007, Flyers played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Ahead of the 2008 season, Flyers merged with Capital Shakers to form the new ANZ Championship team, Central Pulse.

2008 ANZ Championship season
The 2008 ANZ Championship season was the inaugural season of the ANZ Championship. The 2008 season began on 5 April and concluded on 28 July. Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic were minor premiers after finishing top of the table following the regular season. New South Wales Swifts, with a team coached by Julie Fitzgerald and captained by Catherine Cox, won 10 of their 13 matches and finished second behind Magic. Swifts subsequently defeated Magic in both the major semi–final and the grand final to become the inaugural ANZ Championship winners. The grand final was played on 28 July at Acer Arena. Overall, 6792 goals were scored during the season, averaging 98.44 per match. Fox Sports (Australia) and Sky Sport (New Zealand) attracted an average audience per match of 56,581.
Roger Chapman
Roger Maxwell Chapman (born 8 April 1942 in Leicester), also known as Chappo, is an English rock vocalist. He is best known as a member of the progressive rock band Family, which he joined along with Charlie Whitney in 1966, and also the rock and R&B band Streetwalkers formed in 1974. His idiosyncratic brand of showmanship when performing and vocal vibrato led him to become a cult figure on the British rock scene. Chapman is claimed to have said that he was trying to sing like both Little Richard and his idol Ray Charles. Since the early 1980s he has spent much of his time in Germany and has made occasional appearances there and elsewhere.

In Germany, he was awarded an Artist of the Year award during the 1980s, followed by a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004.

Underground music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Tying into broader anti-establishment themes, counterculture music can refer to a web of various nonconforming social groups that distinguish themselves from mainstream society.
Rahway River Parkway
The Rahway River Parkway is a greenway of parkland along the banks the main stem Rahway River and its tributaries in Union County, New Jersey, United States. Created in the 1920s, it was one of the inaugural projects of the newly created Union County Parks Commission. It was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm, sons of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The Rahway River Greenway plan expands on the original design. Many of the crossings of the river are late 19th century or early 20th century bridges. The East Coast Greenway uses paths and roads along the parkway.

The parkway intersects with the 7.3-mile main line of the abandoned Rahway Valley Railroad via abandoned rail trestle over the river, which some have advocated for converting to a pedestrian linear park and rail trail.

Sections of the parkway have been dedicated part of the September 11th National Memorial Trail.

Rahway Valley Railroad
The Rahway Valley Railroad (RV) was a shortline railroad in the Northeastern United States. During their operations, the RV was considered as one of the most successful shortline railroads in U.S. history. The RV interchanged with the Lehigh Valley Railroad (LV) in Roselle Park, the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) in Cranford, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W) in Summit.

The railroad was instrumental in the development of many towns along their right-of-way, including Kenilworth, Union Township, Springfield. By 1986, the RV experienced declining freight traffic, and they lost their liability insurance coverage, That same year, the railroad was sold to the Delaware Otsego Corporation (DO). Freight customers abandoned the railroad to the point only one remained, and in 1992, the RV consequently ceased operations.
Carlos P. Romulo
Carlos Peña Romulo Sr. GCS CLH NA GCrM GCrGH KGCR (January 14, 1899 – December 15, 1985) was a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, journalist and author. He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army, university president, and president of the United Nations General Assembly.

He has been named as one of the Philippines's national artists in literature, and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees.

Romulo believed in anti-colonialism and internationalism, as well as held Pro-American, anti-communist, anti-fascist, and economically and politically liberal beliefs.

Andrey Vyshinsky
Andrey Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky (Russian: Андре́й Януа́рьевич Выши́нский; Polish: Andrzej Wyszyński) (10 December [O.S. 28 November] 1883 – 22 November 1954) was a Soviet politician, jurist and diplomat. He is best known as a state prosecutor of Joseph Stalin's Moscow Trials and in the Nuremberg trials. He was the Soviet Foreign Minister from 1949 to 1953, after having served as Deputy Foreign Minister under Vyacheslav Molotov since 1940. He also headed the Institute of State and Law in the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
2023 CONCACAF Champions League final
The 2023 CONCACAF Champions League final was the final round of the 2023 CONCACAF Champions League, the 15th and final edition of the CONCACAF Champions Cup under the Champions League name, and overall the 58th edition of the premier club association football competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

The final was contested in a two-legged home-and-away series by Los Angeles FC of Major League Soccer and Club León of Liga MX. León hosted the first leg at Estadio León in León, Guanajuato, Mexico, on May 31 and won 2–1. Los Angeles FC hosted the second leg at BMO Stadium in Los Angeles, California, United States, on June 4 and lost 1–0. The final was pushed back to allow for the Clasura 2023 finals to take place in Mexico. León won 3–1 on aggregate.

Estadio León
The Estadio León, unofficially known as Nou Camp, is a mid-sized football stadium with a seating capacity of 31,297 built in 1967, and located in the city of León, Guanajuato, in the Bajío region of central Mexico.