hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public policy doctrines for the exclusion of relevant evidence
In the law of evidence in the United States, public policy doctrines for the exclusion of relevant evidence encompass several types of evidence that would be relevant to prove facts at issue in a legal proceeding, but which are nonetheless excluded because of public policy concerns. There are five major areas of exclusion that arise out of the Federal Rules of Evidence ("FRE"): subsequent remedial measures, ownership of liability insurance, offers to plead guilty to a crime, offers to settle a claim, and offers to pay medical expenses.  Many states have modified versions of the FRE under their own state evidence codes which widen or narrow the public policy exclusions in state courts.

The exclusionary rule, under which evidence gathered by the police from an illegal search is excluded, is of similar operation but is typically considered separately.

Discovery (law)
Discovery, in the law of common law jurisdictions, is a phase of pretrial procedure in a lawsuit in which each party, through the law of civil procedure, can obtain evidence from other parties. This is by means of methods of discovery such as interrogatories, requests for production of documents, requests for admissions and depositions.  Discovery can be obtained from nonparties using subpoenas.  When a discovery request is objected to, the requesting party may seek the assistance of the court by filing a motion to compel discovery. Conversely, a party or nonparty resisting discovery can seek the assistance of the court by filing a motion for a protective order.
William Pelham (Medal of Honor)
William R. Pelham (December 24, 1845, or December 8, 1847 – March 30, 1933) was a Union Navy sailor during the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Naval History and Heritage Command
The Naval History and Heritage Command, formerly the Naval Historical Center, is an Echelon II command responsible for the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage located at the historic Washington Navy Yard.  The NHHC is composed of 42 facilities in 13 geographic locations including the Navy Department Library, 10 museums and 1 heritage center, USS Constitution repair facility and detachment, and historic ship ex-USS Nautilus.
I Do (2006 film)
I Do (French: Prête-moi ta main; lit. 'Lend me your hand') or Rent a Wife (international working title), is a 2006 French romantic comedy film directed by Éric Lartigau, based on an original idea by Alain Chabat. The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg, Alain Chabat and Bernadette Lafont. It is Chabat and Gainsbourg's third collaboration, after Ils se marièrent et eurent beaucoup d'enfants (2004) and The Science of Sleep (2006). This film was officially remade into an Indian Telugu language film Manmadhudu 2 released in August 2019.

Happily Ever After (2004 film)
Happily Ever After (French: Ils se marièrent et eurent beaucoup d'enfants; Translation: They married and had many children) is a 2004 French comedy drama film. The film was written and directed by Yvan Attal, produced by Claude Berri, and stars Charlotte Gainsbourg and Yvan Attal.

It was released in English in North America. For English-speaking audiences, the film is highly recognizable for the lengthy cameo appearance of Johnny Depp, who speaks fluent French.

The soundtrack also features Radiohead.
History of Thai money
The history of Thai money used as a medium of exchange and to settle accounts before the adoption of Thai baht coins and banknotes include novel designs and forms. For Thai people, money was considered as the symbol of civilization. Currency itself reflected faith in religion, culture, the customs and traditions of each era and also serve as a record of the development of Thailand.

Airavata
Airavata (Sanskrit: ऐरावत, romanized: airāvata, lit. 'belonging to Iravati', Pāḷi Erāvana, Sinhala: Airāvana) is a divine elephant. According to sacred Hindu texts, Airavata was born with three heads, six tusks and three trunks. He is pristine white. Some Puranas say Airavata was born with ten tusks, five trunks, and 10 teeth, representing 10 directions. He is the "king of elephants" and serves as the main vehicle for the deity Indra. He is also called 'Abhra-matanga', meaning "elephant of the clouds"; 'Naga-malla', meaning "the fighting elephant"; and 'Arkasodara', meaning "brother of the sun".  'Abhramu' is the elephant wife of Airavata. Airavata is also the third son of Iravati. In the Mahabharata he is listed as a great serpent.
Spanish Libertarian Movement
The Spanish Libertarian Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Libertario Español, MLE) was a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist organization founded at the end of the Spanish Civil War by the CNT, the FAI and the FIJL to develop a joint clandestine activity in the interior of Spain, under the Francoist dictatorship, and legal activity in exile, where it dealt with the thousands of anarcho-syndicalist refugees in France. The MLE national council settled in Paris, with Germinal Esgleas acting as general secretary after the death of Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez on 18 June 1939.

Iberian Anarchist Federation
The Iberian Anarchist Federation (Spanish: Federación Anarquista Ibérica, FAI) is a Spanish anarchist organization. Due to its close relation with the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) anarcho-syndicalist union, it is often abbreviated as CNT-FAI. The FAI publishes the periodical Tierra y Libertad.

The Iberian part of its name alludes to the purpose of unifying Spanish and Portuguese anarchists in a Pan-Iberian organization. The FAI meetings were initially attended by members of the Portuguese anarchist organizations União Anarquista Portuguesa and Confederação Geral do Trabalho, including the Zaragoza Congress of the CNT in 1936. However, it later ceased to have Portuguese participation and become an entirely Spanish organization. It is still in operation today and aligns itself with the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF-IFA).
Oshi no Ko
Oshi no Ko (【推しの子】) is a Japanese manga series written by Aka Akasaka and illustrated by Mengo Yokoyari. It was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Young Jump from April 2020 to November 2024, with its chapters collected in 16 tankōbon volumes. It follows a doctor and his recently deceased patient who were reborn as twins to a famous Japanese pop idol and navigate the highs and lows of the country's entertainment industry as they grow up together through their lives. It has been licensed for release in North America by Yen Press and is simultaneously published by Shueisha on their Manga Plus platform.

An anime television series adaptation, produced by Doga Kobo, aired its first 11-episode season from April to June 2023. A second 13-episode season aired from July to October 2024. A third season premiered in January 2026.

By December 2025, Oshi no Ko had over 25 million copies in circulation.

Da Vinci (magazine)
Da Vinci (ダ・ヴィンチ, Da Vinci) is a monthly magazine about books published by Kadokawa Corporation, launched in 1994 by Recruit Co. The first publisher was Yoshio Kimura, the editor-in-chief was Yasuhiro Nagazono, and the art director was Toshiaki Ichikawa.
Labro, Lazio
Labro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Rieti. It is a touristic destination and has been awarded with the orange flag.

As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 374 and an area of 11.4 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi). Labro borders the following municipalities: Arrone, Colli sul Velino, Morro Reatino, Terni.

Morro Reatino
Morro Reatino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Rieti.

It's famous for being the stage if the iconic Coca-Cola's commercial in the 60s "I'd like to buy the world a Coke". The picturesque location was chosen by director Harvey Gabor to enhance the message of unity and harmony portrayed in the commercial.
Barnacle goose
The barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) is a species of goose that belongs to the genus Branta of black geese, which contains species with extensive black in the plumage, distinguishing them from the grey Anser species. Despite its superficial similarity to the brant goose, genetic analysis has shown its closest relative is the cackling goose.

Gerald of Wales
Gerald of Wales (Latin: Giraldus Cambrensis; Welsh: Gerallt Cymro; French: Gerald de Barri; c. 1146 – c. 1223) was a Cambro-Norman priest and historian. As a royal clerk to the king and two archbishops, he travelled widely and wrote extensively. He studied and taught in France and visited Rome several times, meeting the Pope. He was nominated for several bishoprics but turned them down in the hope of becoming Bishop of St Davids, but was unsuccessful despite considerable support. His final post was as Archdeacon of Brecon, from which he retired to academic study for the remainder of his life.

Gerald wrote on a variety of topics; his works on Ireland and Wales, which contain details on the culture, contemporary life, and history of those countries, are generally considered the most distinguished. Much of his writing survives.
Tyler Brown (ice hockey)
Tyler G. Brown (born February 7, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He most notably played in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Adirondack Phantoms and the Hartford Wolf Pack.

Reading Royals
The Reading Royals  are a professional ice hockey team that currently plays in the ECHL. The team participates in the North Division of the ECHL's Eastern Conference. The Royals play their home games at the Santander Arena located in downtown Reading, Pennsylvania.

Since 2001, the Royals have ranked among ECHL leaders in regular season attendance. On March 25, 2006, against the Trenton Titans, the Royals reached their one millionth fan in attendance. The Royals hosted two ECHL All-Star Games; one in 2005 and one in 2009. The Royals were the 2013 ECHL Kelly Cup champions. They earned the title with a five-game victory over the Stockton Thunder in the 2013 Kelly Cup Finals.
Richmond Kickers Destiny
Richmond Kickers Destiny was an American women's soccer team, founded in 2004. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, the second tier of women's soccer in the United States and Canada. The team played in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The Richmond Kickers folded the Destiny after the 2009 season in a cost-cutting move.

The team played its home games at Sports Backers Stadium in the city of Richmond, Virginia, and also occasionally at University of Richmond Stadium, and the former First Market Stadium (now known as Robins Stadium). The team's colors were red, white and black.

The team was a sister organization of the men's Richmond Kickers of the USL PRO league, and Richmond Kickers Future, which played in the USL Premier Development League until 2008.

City Stadium (Richmond)
City Stadium is a stadium in Richmond, Virginia. It is owned by the City of Richmond and is located south of the Carytown district off the Downtown Expressway. The stadium was built in 1929 and seats approximately 22,000 people when both stands are used. It has been used by the Richmond Kickers of USL League One since 1995, at a capacity of 6,000.

The stadium was used by the University of Richmond for American football from 1929 to 2009. The University of Richmond's final home football game at the stadium was played on December 5, 2009, against Appalachian State University in the quarterfinals of the Football Championship Subdivision playoffs.
Kunbi Jakki Part II
Kunbi Jakki and his Celebrated Cause, also known simply as Kunbi Jakki Part II, is a three-act Konkani play written by João Agostinho Fernandes. It is a sequel to the 1941 play of the same title. The play was first composed in Bombay on 3 September 1941, and later revised in Margão on 27 March 1945, with the final three scenes translated into Portuguese. The only documented performance of the work was staged at Shri Chitra Mandir in Comba, Margão on 14 May 1946. Critical reception of the sequel was less enthusiastic compared to its predecessor.

Gauda and Kunbi
Gaudas are aboriginal people residing in the coastal Indian state of Goa. They are believed to be the original inhabitants of Konkan. Most follow folk Hinduism, but many were converted to Catholicism by the Portuguese missionaries during the Christianisation of Goa while still keeping their folk tradition and culture alive.
Defelê F.C.
Departamento de Força e Luz Futebol Clube, also known as Defelê Futebol Clube, was a Brazilian football club, based in  Brasília, Federal District. Founded on December 25, 1959. Their badge was red and white.

Campeonato Brasiliense
The Campeonato Brasiliense, also referred to as the Campeonato Candango and the Candangão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian Federal District. It is run by the Federal District Football Federation (FFDF).

Teams from other states can be affiliated to the FFDF as long as they are located within 200 km from Brasília. This is the case for Associação Atlética Luziânia from the state of Goiás and Unaí Esporte Clube from the state of Minas Gerais.
Albert Stinson
Albert Stinson (August 2, 1944 in Cleveland, Ohio – June 2, 1969) was an American jazz double-bassist.

Stinson learned to play piano, trombone, and tuba before settling on bass at age 14. After his graduation from John Muir High School in Pasadena, California in 1962, he began playing professionally in the early 1960s in Los Angeles, working with Terry Gibbs, Frank Rosolino, Chico Hamilton, and Charles Lloyd (1965). Later in the decade he worked with Larry Coryell, John Handy (1967), Miles Davis, Bobby Hutcherson (1967), and Gerald Wilson's Los Angeles-based big band. His ebullient personality, bright tone, and aggressive attack all contributed to his being nicknamed "Sparky".

Stinson died on tour of a drug overdose in 1969 at the age of 24. He never recorded as a leader but appears on Hamilton's Impulse! albums, Hutcherson's Blue Note album Oblique, and Handy's Koch Records album New View! He also appears on Clare Fischer's album Surging Ahead.

Terry Gibbs
Terry Gibbs (born Julius Gubenko; October 13, 1924) is an American jazz vibraphonist and band leader.

Gibbs has performed or recorded with Tommy Dorsey, Chubby Jackson, Buddy Rich, Woody Herman, Benny Goodman, Alice Coltrane, Louie Bellson, Charlie Shavers, Mel Tormé, Buddy DeFranco, and others. Gibbs also worked in film and TV studios in Los Angeles.
2022 Fermanagh Senior Football Championship
The 2022 Fermanagh Senior Football Championship was the 116th edition of the Fermanagh GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The championship consists of eight teams and had a new group stage format. The championship began on 9 September 2022.

Derrygonnelly Harps were the defending champions, but were beaten by Enniskillen Gaels at the semi-final stage.

The final was due to be played on 23 October, but was postponed due to a waterlogged pitch. The final was played seven days later, and Enniskillen Gaels defeated Erne Gaels Belleek to win their first title since 2006.

2021 Fermanagh Senior Football Championship
The 2021 Fermanagh Senior Football Championship was the 115th edition of the Fermanagh GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The championship consists of eight teams and had a straight knock-out format. The championship began on 8 October 2021.

Ederney St Joseph's entered the championship as defending champions.

Derrygonnelly Harps claimed their sixth title in seven years, and their ninth in total after defeating Enniskillen Gaels in the final.
Elongated pentagonal rotunda
In geometry, the elongated pentagonal rotunda is one of the Johnson solids (J21). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by elongating a pentagonal rotunda (J6) by attaching a decagonal prism to its base. It can also be seen as an elongated pentagonal orthobirotunda (J42) with one pentagonal rotunda removed.

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

Elongated pentagonal orthobirotunda
In geometry, the elongated pentagonal orthobirotunda is one of the Johnson solids (J42). Its Conway polyhedron notation is at5jP5. As the name suggests, it can be constructed by elongating a pentagonal orthobirotunda (J34) by inserting a decagonal prism between its congruent halves. Rotating one of the pentagonal rotundae (J6) through 36 degrees before inserting the prism yields the elongated pentagonal gyrobirotunda (J43).

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.
2011 Atlanta Beat season
The 2011 Atlanta Beat season was the club's second season in Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) and their second consecutive season in the top division of women's soccer in the United States. Including the Women's United Soccer Association franchise, it was the club's sixth year of existence. It was also the club's final year of existence, with WPS folding before the beginning of the 2012 season

Atlanta Beat (WPS)
The Atlanta Beat was an American soccer club based in Atlanta, Georgia that competed on a professional level. The team joined Women's Professional Soccer as an expansion team in 2010, and played its home games at Kennesaw State University Soccer Stadium, the result of a public-private partnership between the team and Kennesaw State University. The club took the name and logo of the former Atlanta Beat (WUSA) of the defunct Women's United Soccer Association.
Spectator sport
A spectator sport is a sport that is characterized by the presence of spectators, or watchers, at its competitions. Spectator sports may be professional sports or amateur sports. They often are distinguished from participant sports, which are more recreational.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Kawasaki KLX250S
The Kawasaki KLX250S is a dual-purpose motorcycle. In 2009, Kawasaki released their supermoto inspired KLX 250SF to the public. It is a relatively lightweight dual sport which can be used both on and off-road. Its 249 cc engine has a top speed of 85 miles per hour (137 km/h).

Dual-sport motorcycle
A dual-sport motorcycle  is a type of motorcycle that is designed for varying degrees of off-road use while still being street-legal.  Dual-sports are equipped with lights, a speedometer, mirrors, a horn, registration plates, turn signals, and a muffler with spark arrestor and decibel noise output to comply with government regulations. They vary considerably in engine size and weight, though they are typically 510cc or smaller. They are often versions of off-road bikes that have been made legal for street driving.

Other names such as all-road, on/off-road, dual-purpose, and adventure bike may be chosen by the manufacturer based upon the size, weight, and intended application of the motorcycle. Typically the dual sport category weighs less than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable off-road, while adventure bikes are more than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable on the pavement.
South West Africa Company
The South West Africa Company Limited (German: Südwestafrikanische Gesellschaft) was a majority British owned and controlled company established under English law on August 18, 1892, in German South West Africa, the present day Namibia. The company was headquartered in London and had a representative office in Berlin.

German South West Africa
German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, when it was captured by the Western Allies during World War I. However, Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Nama genocide.

In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war, its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (a dominion within the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 March 1990.
Trolleybuses in Milan
The Milan trolleybus system (Italian: Rete filoviaria di Milano) is part of the public transport network of Milan, Italy. In operation since 1933, the system presently comprises four routes. It is the second-oldest trolleybus system in Europe, after that of Lausanne, and the fifth-oldest in the world.

Trolleybuses in Lausanne
The Lausanne trolleybus system (French: Réseau de trolleybus de Lausanne) forms part of the public transport network of Lausanne, in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.  The system has been in operation since 1932 and is the third-oldest surviving trolleybus system in the world, after those of Shanghai and Philadelphia.

Today, the system is the largest in Switzerland; it is supplemented by the Lausanne Metro, and by various conventional bus routes.

The system is operated by Transports publics de la région lausannoise (TL) – formerly Tramways Lausannois – and comprises 10 trolleybus lines, serving not only Lausanne, but also the neighbouring municipalities of Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lutry, Paudex, Prilly, Pully and Renens.  Following some line closures, the system no longer serves Cugy, Epalinges and Froideville.
Zeta under the Crnojevići
Zeta (Serbian Cyrillic: Зета) was one of the Serbian medieval polities that existed between 1371 and 1496, whose territory encompassed parts of present-day Montenegro and northern Albania. The Crnojević noble family ruled the Principality of Zeta from 1451 until 1496.

Rijeka Crnojevića
Rijeka Crnojevića (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Ријека Црнојевића, lit. 'River of Crnojević') is a town in Montenegro on the eponymous Rijeka Crnojevića River, near the shore of Lake Skadar. 
Town is placed in Cetinje Municipality with proximity to Podgorica.