hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peninsula Commute
The Peninsula Commute, also known as the Southern Pacific Peninsula or just Peninsula, was the common name for commuter rail service between San Jose and San Francisco on the San Francisco Peninsula. This service ran as a private, for-profit enterprise beginning in 1863. Due to operating losses, the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) petitioned to discontinue the service in 1977. Subsidies were provided through Caltrans in 1980 to continue service, and it was renamed Caltrain in 1985.

San Francisco and San Jose Railroad
The San Francisco and San Jose Railroad (SF&SJ) was a railroad which linked the communities of San Francisco and San Jose, California, running the length of the San Francisco Peninsula. The company incorporated in 1860 and was one of the first railroads to employ Chinese laborers in its construction.  It opened the first portion of its route in 1863, completing the entire 49.5-mile (80 km) route in 1864. The company was consolidated with the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1870. Today, Caltrain and the Union Pacific Railroad continue to operate trains over part of the company's original route.
Tropoxane
Tropoxane (O-1072) is an aryloxytropane derivative drug developed by Organix Inc., which acts as a stimulant and potent dopamine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is an analogue of dichloropane where the amine nitrogen has been replaced by an oxygen ether link (at the bridgehead position), demonstrating that the amine nitrogen is not required for DAT binding and reuptake inhibition.

Dichloropane
Dichloropane ((−)-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane, RTI-111, O-401) is a stimulant of the phenyltropane class that acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with IC50 values of 3.13, 18, and 0.79 nM, respectively. In animal studies, dichloropane had a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to cocaine.

Methylecgonidine is the direct precursor to this compound.
Jesse Jagz
Jesse Garba Abaga (born 10 August 1984), known professionally as Jesse Jagz, is a Nigerian rapper, record producer, and songwriter. In 2010, he signed a record deal with Chocolate City and released his debut studio album, Jag of All Tradez, that same year. He voluntarily exited the Chocolate City deal in 2013 and announced the launch of his independent outfit, Jagz Nation. Jesse Jagz released his second studio album, Jagz Nation, Vol. 1: Thy Nation Come, on 10 July 2013. The 18-track album was supported by the singles "Redemption", "Bad Girl", "Sex & Scotch", and "God on the Mic".

His third studio album, Jagz Nation, Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company, was released on 28 March 2014. He returned to Chocolate City in 2015 but left the label again prior to releasing his fourth studio album Odysseus (2017). In May 2020, he released his debut Extended Play (EP) Garba, which comprises five tracks.

Femi Kuti
Olufela Olufemi Anikulapo Kuti (born 16 June 1962), popularly known as Femi Kuti, is a Nigerian musician born in London and raised in Lagos. He is the eldest son of Afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuti and a grandchild of political campaigner, women's rights activist and traditional aristocrat Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti.

Femi Kuti began his musical career playing in his father's band, Egypt 80. In 1986, Femi started his own band, Positive Force, establishing himself as an artist independent of his father's legacy.
NGC 6044
NGC 6044 is a lenticular galaxy located about 465 million light-years away in the constellation Hercules. NGC 6044 was discovered by astronomer Lewis Swift on June 27, 1886. It was then rediscovered by astronomer Guillaume Bigourdan on June 8, 1888. NGC 6044 is a member of the Hercules Cluster.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Waterfall plot
Waterfall plots are often used to show how two-dimensional phenomena change over time. A three-dimensional spectral waterfall plot is a plot in which multiple curves of data, typically spectra, are displayed simultaneously. Typically the curves are staggered both across the screen and vertically, with "nearer" curves masking the ones behind. The result is a series of "mountain" shapes that appear to be side by side. The waterfall plot is often used to show how two-dimensional information changes over time or some other variable such as rotational speed. Waterfall plots are also often used to depict spectrograms or cumulative spectral decay (CSD).

Loudspeaker measurement
Loudspeaker measurement is the practice of determining the behaviour of loudspeakers by measuring various aspects of performance. This measurement is especially important because loudspeakers, being transducers, have a higher level of distortion than other audio system components used in playback or sound reinforcement.
Adnan Hamad
Adnan Hamad Majid Al-Abbassi (Arabic: عَدْنَان حَمَد مَاجِد الْعَبَّاسِيّ; born 1 February 1961) is an Iraqi football manager and former player, who currently serves as a sports consultant for Jordanian football club Etihad.

West Asian Football Federation
The West Asian Football Federation (WAFF; Arabic: اتحاد غرب آسيا لكرة القدم) is a regional sub-confederation of association football, governed under the Asian Football Confederation. Founded in 2001, it governs football, futsal and beach football for nations in West Asia. The WAFF consists of 12 member associations.
Kim Kee-hee
Kim Kee-hee (Korean: 김기희; Korean pronunciation: [kim.ɡi.ɦi] or [kim] [ki.ɦi]; born 13 July 1989) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Seattle Sounders FC in Major League Soccer. He can also be fielded as a defensive midfielder. Kim has played for teams in the K-League, Qatar Stars League, Chinese Super League and Major League Soccer. He has also represented South Korea at the national level.

Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions, from which 15 teams, plus the hosts Great Britain, reached the final tournament. Men's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23. It was the first men's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. The competition also marked Uruguay's men's football team's first Olympic appearance since 1928, when it won its second consecutive gold medal.

The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2–1 in the final.
Randy Daniels
Randy Daniels (born 1950) is an American businessman, politician, and journalist who served as Secretary of State of New York from 2001 to 2005.

Daniels was appointed to the board of trustees of the State University of New York in 1997 and currently serves as vice chairman. He was previously the senior vice president for economic revitalization at the Empire State Development Corporation. He was nominated for both positions by former governor George Pataki. Daniels launched an unsuccessful Republican primary bid for Governor of New York in 2006.

Daniels served as the director of communications for the New York City Council President's Office from 1986 to 1988, and was appointed press secretary to the prime minister of the Bahamas in 1988. In 1992, he briefly became first deputy mayor of New York City under David Dinkins. Prior to his career in public service, Daniels worked as a correspondent for CBS News and professor of journalism.

Secretary of State of New York
The secretary of state of New York is a cabinet officer in the government of the U.S. state of New York who leads the Department of State (NYSDOS).

The current secretary of state of New York is Walter T. Mosley, a Democrat.
Peebles (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Peebles was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Peebles, Lanark, Linlithgow and Selkirk formed the Lanark district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
Północ, Szczecin
Północ (lit. North) is one of four districts (Polish: dzielnica) of Szczecin, Poland situated in northern part of the city. As of January 2011 it had a population of 54,004.

Północ is divided into 9 municipal neighbourhoods:

Bukowo

Golęcino-Gocław

Niebuszewo

Skolwin

Stołczyn

Warszewo

Żelechowa

Skolwin
Skolwin is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the left bank of the Oder river, north of Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town, and south of the town of Police. As of January 2011, it had a population of 3,265.

In Skolwin, there is a power line crossing of the Odra river, which is part of 220 kV powerline Police-Morzyczyn.
Aspergillus lacticoffeatus
Aspergillus lacticoffeatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. A. lacticoffeatus belongs to the Nigri section. It was first described in 2004. It has been found on coffee beans in Venezuela and Indonesia, and is an effective producer of ochratoxin. It has an unfunctional PKS gene (pksA) for the production of black conidium pigment, which makes it the only species in the Nigri section which is brown and not black. It has been proposed that this species might not be a separate species but instead a mutated A. niger.

The genome of A. lacticoffeatus was sequenced in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus.  Its genome assembly size was 35.86 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Boruch Israel Dyner
Boruch Israël Dyner (27 September 1903 – 13 February 1979) was a Belgian–Israeli chess master.

Born in Poland, he moved to Belgium. Dyner won thrice Belgian Chess Championship in 1932 (jointly with Victor Soultanbeieff), 1933 and 1935. He tied for 5-6th at Ostend 1936 (Erik Lundin won), tied for 4-7th at Brussels 1937 (BEL-ch, Alberic O'Kelly de Galway and Paul Devos won), took 8th at Ostend 1937 (Reuben Fine, Henri Grob and Paul Keres won), and took 6th at Namen 1938 (BEL-ch, O'Kelly won).

After World War II, he settled in Israel where took 13th at Haifa / Tel Aviv 1958 (Samuel Reshevsky won).

Albéric O'Kelly de Galway
Albéric Joseph Rodolphe Marie Robert Ghislain O'Kelly de Galway (17 May 1911 – 3 October 1980) was a Belgian chess Grandmaster (1956), an International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster (1962), and the third ICCF World Champion in correspondence chess (1959–1962). He was also a chess writer.
Callose
Callose is a plant polysaccharide. Its production is due to the glucan synthase-like gene (GLS) in various places within a plant. It is produced to act as a temporary cell wall in response to stimuli such as stress or damage. Callose is composed of glucose residues linked together through β-1,3-linkages, and is termed a β-glucan. It is thought to be manufactured at the cell wall by callose synthases and is degraded by β-1,3-glucanases. Callose is very important for the permeability of plasmodesmata (Pd) in plants; the plant's permeability is regulated by plasmodesmata callose (PDC). PDC is made by callose synthases and broken down by β-1,3-glucanases (BGs). The amount of callose that is built up at the plasmodesmatal neck, which is brought about by the interference of callose synthases (CalSs) and β-1,3-glucanases, determines the conductivity of the plasmodesmata.

Beta-glucan
Beta-glucans, β-glucans comprise a group of β-D-glucose polysaccharides (glucans) naturally occurring in the cell walls of plants (including cereals), bacteria, algae and fungi, with significantly differing physicochemical properties dependent on source. Typically, β-glucans form a linear backbone with 1–3 β-glycosidic bonds but differ with respect to molecular mass, solubility, viscosity, branching structure, and gelation properties, with several physiological roles in these organisms and causing diverse physiological effects in any animals that consume them.

β-glucans are natural gums and are used as texturing agents in various nutraceutical and cosmetic products, and as soluble fiber supplements. At dietary intake levels of at least 3 g per day in humans, oat fiber β-glucan decreases blood levels of LDL cholesterol and so may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Kiskitto Lake
Kiskitto Lake is a lake in the province of Manitoba in Canada north of Lake Winnipeg. The lake is a part of the Nelson River watershed and is located northwest of Kiskittogisu Lake on the west channel of the Nelson River.
The west channel flows through the north ends of Playgreen Lake, Kiskittogisu Lake and Kiskitto Lake into Cross Lake at the Manitoba Hydro's Jenpeg Generating Station and Dam. The lake is about 57 km (35 miles) long.

Cross Lake (Manitoba)
Cross Lake is a large lake in Manitoba on the Nelson River north of Lake Winnipeg. It is long and narrow and extends 102 kilometres (63 mi) east-northeast.

The Nelson River west channel enters the lake at the Jenpeg Dam and the Nelson River east channel enters near the communities of Cross Lake and Cross Lake First Nation. The river then flows north to Sipiwesk Lake. The Minago River enters on the west.

The lake level is regulated by Manitoba Hydro at the Jenpeg Generating Station (54°32′36″N 98°1′36″W﻿ / ﻿54.54333°N 98.02667°W﻿ / 54.54333; -98.02667﻿ (Jenpeg)) at the southern end of the lake.
Ernie Hart
Ernest Huntley Hart (October 2, 1910 – May 2, 1985 or July 1985; sources differ), also known as H. E. Huntley, was an American comic-book writer and artist best known for creating Marvel Comics' character Super Rabbit as well as co-creating the superhero The Wasp. In addition, he variously wrote, edited and illustrated numerous books on dog breeding and ownership.

Atlas Comics (1950s)
Atlas Comics was the 1950s comic-book publishing label that evolved into Marvel Comics. Magazine and paperback novel publisher Martin Goodman, whose business strategy involved having a multitude of corporate entities, used Atlas as the umbrella name for his comic-book division during this time. Atlas evolved out of Goodman's 1940s comic-book division, Timely Comics, and was located on the 14th floor of the Empire State Building. This company is distinct from the 1970s comic-book company, also founded by Goodman, that is known as Atlas/Seaboard Comics.
Wright StreetAir
The Wright StreetAir is a low-floor single-decker electric bus design built by Wrightbus in Ballymena, Northern Ireland in 2016 and 17. An integral product based on a single-deck variant of the Wright StreetDeck chassis, the StreetAir replaces the Wright Electrocity in Wrightbus' product range.

Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.
Plaster veneer
Plaster veneer (American English) or plaster skim (British English) is a construction methodology for surfacing interior walls, by applying a thin layer of plaster over a substrate—typically over specially formulated gypsum board base, similar in nature to drywall.

Drywall
Drywall (also called plasterboard, dry lining, wallboard, sheet rock, gib board, gypsum board, buster board, turtles board, slap board, custard board, gypsum panel and gyprock) is a panel made of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum), with or without additives, typically extruded between thick sheets of facer and backer paper, used in the construction of interior walls and ceilings. The plaster is mixed with fiber (typically paper, glass wool, or a combination of these materials); plasticizer, foaming agent; and additives that can reduce mildew, flammability, and water absorption.

In the mid-20th century, drywall construction became prevalent in North America as a time- and labor-saving alternative to lath and plaster.
Mount Segers
Mount Segers (78°25′S 85°21′W﻿ / ﻿78.417°S 85.350°W﻿ / -78.417; -85.350) is a mountain at the south extremity of Sullivan Heights in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, separated from Vinson Massif to the southwest by Vranya Pass.  It is situated 11 km (7 mi) east of Mount Tyree, on the east side of the head of Crosswell Glacier and surmounting Hinkley Glacier to the southeast.

The peak was discovered by US Navy Squadron VX-6 on photographic flights of Dec. 14–15, 1959, and mapped by USGS from these photos. Named by US-ACAN for Chester W. Segers, a Navy cook and a member of the first wintering party at the South Pole Station during the IGY in 1957.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Bellman pseudospectral method
The Bellman pseudospectral method is a pseudospectral method for optimal control based on Bellman's principle of optimality. It is part of the larger theory of pseudospectral optimal control, a term coined by Ross.   The method is named after Richard E. Bellman.  It was introduced by Ross et al.
first as a means to solve multiscale optimal control problems, and later expanded to obtain suboptimal solutions for general optimal control problems.

Pseudo-spectral method
Pseudo-spectral methods, also known as discrete variable representation (DVR) methods, are a class of numerical methods used in applied mathematics and scientific computing for the solution of partial differential equations. They are closely related to spectral methods, but complement the basis by an additional pseudo-spectral basis, which allows representation of functions on a quadrature grid. This simplifies the evaluation of certain operators, and can considerably speed up the calculation when using fast algorithms such as the fast Fourier transform.
Intelligence collection plan
An intelligence collection plan (ICP) is the systematic process used by most modern armed forces and intelligence services to meet intelligence requirements through the tasking of all available resources to gather and provide pertinent information within a required time limit.  Creating a collection plan is part of the intelligence cycle.

While an ICP has no prescribed doctrinal format, it must use all available collection capabilities to meet the decision maker's priority requirements. It must be precise and concise, yet a working document that is flexible enough to respond to changes as they occur.

Intelligence requirement
Intelligence requirements (IR) are a ranking of topics or issues by priority which are used to inform the allocation of resources for intelligence collection. They define the intended end product, prescribe required resources, and identify gaps in capabilities for collection management. Once an intelligence requirement is identified, it is the responsibility of the decision maker's intelligence staff or if requested, supporting intelligence organization(s), to collect and disseminate the required information. The identification of intelligence requirements and the collection and dissemination of the required information are parts of the intelligence cycle. In the United States Intelligence Community (IC), requirements must comply with the National Intelligence Priorities Framework (NIPF).
Hermiston-McCauley Mine
Hermiston-McCauley Mine is a large abandoned underground gold mine in Strathy Township of Temagami, Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located between the southwestern arm of Net Lake and the south arm of Kanichee Lake.

Net Lake
Net Lake is located within the municipality of Temagami, in the Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. It covers a length of 10 km and is located in Temagami North. Fish in the lake include walleye, northern pike, trout, smallmouth bass, whitefish and panfish. There is only one lodge on Net Lake, which is called Andorra Lodge.