hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Challenger de Buenos Aires
The 2021 Dove Men + Care Legión Sudamericana Challenger de Buenos Aires was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 18 and 24 October 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
2025 Bengaluru Open
The 2025 Dafa News Bengaluru Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bangalore, India, from 24 February to 2 March 2025.

Bengaluru Open
The Dafa News Bengaluru Open is a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Bangalore, India since 2015 with a break in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2025 it was upgraded to an ATP Challenger 125 event.
Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!
Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez! (English: Martyrs do not die, the homeland can't be divided) is a Turkish language nationalist slogan, usually chanted in support of the Turkish military.

The slogan is invoked frequently at sports events; in February 2018 Galatasaray Soccer Club fans chanted the slogans during a ceremony honoring Turkish soldiers who died during the Turkish military operation in Afrin.

Turkish nationalism
Turkish nationalism (Turkish: Türk milliyetçiliği) is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish language and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the Tanzimat era. It also has a complicated relationship with Muslim identity, Pan-Turkism, and Turanism.
CloudKit
CloudKit is an integrated macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS API that functions as a backend as a service (BaaS).  CloudKit is the framework that powers iCloud on those operating systems and on the web.

ICloud
iCloud is the personal cloud service of Apple. Launched on October 12, 2011, iCloud enables users to store and sync data across devices, including Apple Mail, Apple Calendar, Apple Photos, Apple Notes, contacts, settings, backups, and files, to collaborate with other users, and track assets through Find My. iCloud's client app is built into iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, macOS, and visionOS, and is available for Microsoft Windows. iCloud may additionally be accessed through a limited web interface.

iCloud offers users 5 GB of free storage which may be upgraded through optional paid plans to up to 12 TB; all paid plans include iCloud+ providing additional features. Optional end-to-end encryption has been available since 2022 for all iCloud data, except Calendar, Contacts, and Mail, which rely on legacy sync technologies for compatibility with third-party apps (CalDAV, CardDAV, IMAP). As of 2018, the service had an estimated 850 million users, up from 782 million users in 2016.
Jason Cleere
Jason Cleere (born 1 August 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Bennettsbridge and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left wing-back.

2016 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship is the 33rd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship for players in the intermediate grade since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship began on 22 May 2016 and ended on 6 August 2016.

Galway were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kilkenny in the Leinster final. Kilkenny won the title after defeating Clare by 5-16 to 1-16 in the final.
Open access in Poland
Open access scholarly communication of Poland can be searched via the "CeON Aggregator" of the University of Warsaw Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling's Centre for Open Science.

Registry of Open Access Repositories
The Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) is a searchable international database indexing the creation, location and growth of open access institutional repositories and their contents. ROAR was created by EPrints at University of Southampton, UK, in 2003. It began as the Institutional Archives Registry and was renamed  Registry of Open Access Repositories in 2006. To date, over 3,000 institutional and cross-institutional repositories have been registered.

As of 2015, ROAR and the UK-based Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) "are considered the two leading open access directories worldwide. ROAR is the larger directory and allows direct submissions to the directory. OpenDOAR controls submission of materials and is dependent on the discretion of its staff. OpenDOAR requires open access of scholarly publications; whereas ROAR allows other types of materials to be included. ROAR allows filtering by country, type of repository, and sorting by repository name."
2020 in the Philippines
2020 in the Philippines details events of note that have occurred in the Philippines in 2020.

This year is largely defined by COVID-19 pandemic that caused of the national economic recession and continued until the state of public health emergency was lifted in the country on July 21, 2023.

Perfecto Yasay Jr.
Perfecto Rivas Yasay Jr. (January 27, 1947 – June 12, 2020) was a Philippine government official who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines under the Duterte administration in an ad interim basis from June 30, 2016, until March 8, 2017, the rejection of his appointment by the Commission on Appointments over eligibility concerns resulting from questions on his citizenship.

He served as chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and was Bangon Pilipinas Party's vice-presidential candidate in the 2010 Philippine elections, running alongside Eddie Villanueva.
Philodendron × joepii
Philodendron × joepii is a naturally occurring hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, endemic to French Guiana. Philodendron bipennifolium and P. pedatum are thought to be its parents. Its specific epithet is derived from its collector Joep Moonen, who discovered it in 1991 along the Maroni River. Prized by aroid enthusiasts for its unusual scalloped leaves, it is available from specialty retailers.

Philodendron pedatum
Philodendron pedatum is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to South America from Colombia to southeast Brazil. It grows in wet tropical forests and like many in the genus, has a climbing growth habit.

Commonly known as the oak leaf philodendron, its foliage is lobed and changes shape as it matures, becoming larger and increasing the number of lateral lobes. This species is also the source of a number of named varieties in cultivation, such as the cultivar 'Glad Hands', and also shares parentage with the related species Philodendron squamiferum over the hybrid Philodendron × 'Florida'.
Falchion
A falchion (/ˈfɔːltʃən/; Old French: fauchon; Latin: falx, "sickle") is a one-handed, single-edged 37–40-inch (94–102 cm) sword of European origin. Falchions are found in different forms from around the 13th century up to and including the 16th century. In some versions, the falchion looks rather like the seax and later the sabre, and in other versions more like a machete with a crossguard.

Seax
A seax (Old English pronunciation: [ˈsæɑks]; also sax, sæx, sex; Latinized sachsum) is a small sword, fighting knife or dagger typical of the Germanic peoples of the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages, especially the Saxons. The name comes from an Old English word for "knife".

In heraldry, the seax is a charge consisting of a curved sword with a notched blade, appearing, for example, in the coats of arms of Essex and the former Middlesex.
Swedish Ingria
Swedish Ingria (Swedish: Svenska Ingermanland, lit. 'land of Ingrians') was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1583 to 1595 and then again from 1617 to 1721 in what is now the territory of Russia. At the latter date, it was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad, at the end of the Great Northern War between the two empires.

Dominions of Sweden
The Dominions of Sweden or Svenska besittningar ("Swedish possessions") were territories that historically came under control of the Swedish Crown, but never became fully integrated with Sweden. This generally meant that they were ruled by Governors-General under the Swedish monarch, but within certain limits retained their own established political systems, essentially their diets. Finland was not a dominion, but a land of Sweden. The dominions had no representation in the Swedish Riksdag as stipulated by the 1634 Instrument of Government paragraph 46: "No one, who is not living inside the separate and old borders of Sweden and Finland, have anything to say at Riksdags and other meetings..."
2017 Fred's 250
The 2017 Fred's 250 powered by Coca-Cola was the 19th stock car race of the 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the third race of the 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series playoffs, the third and final race of the Round of 8, and the 12th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, October 14, 2017, in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) permanent D-shaped superspeedway. The race was extended from 94 laps to 95 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. At race's end, Parker Kligerman, driving for Henderson Motorsports, took advantage of the lead on the final restart, and earned his second career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, after a caution came out on the final lap. To fill out the podium, Christopher Bell and Myatt Snider of Kyle Busch Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

Christopher Bell, Johnny Sauter, Matt Crafton, Ben Rhodes, Austin Cindric, and John Hunter Nemechek would advance into the Round of 6.

NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series at Talladega Superspeedway
The Love's RV Stop 225 is a NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series race that takes place at Talladega Superspeedway. The race has been in the playoffs ever since the addition of it to the Truck Series schedule and every year since then, the race has been won by a non-playoff driver. The winner has only led the last lap of the race in several recent years it has been run.

Gio Ruggiero is the defending winner.
Anna Maria Zieglerin
Anna Maria Zieglerin (c. 1550–7 February 1575) was a German alchemist who was found guilty of the murder of a courier, attempted poisoning and intent to burglarize.  She was burned alive for her crimes.

Philosopher's stone
The philosopher's stone is a mythic alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as lead and mercury into gold or  silver; it was also known as "the tincture" and "the powder" as well as "red lion" for gold and "white lion" for silver. Alchemists additionally believed that it could be used to make an elixir of life which made possible rejuvenation and immortality.

For many centuries, it was the most sought-after goal in alchemy. The philosopher's stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, divine illumination, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosopher's stone were known as the Magnum Opus ("Great Work").
James Edson Berto
James Edson Berto, also known as Edson Berto (born July 5, 1983), is a Haitian-American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Featherweight division. A professional competitor since 2004, Berto has formerly competed for Bellator MMA, Strikeforce, and EliteXC. Berto is the brother of professional boxer Andre Berto.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
APG system
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies.

As of 2016, four incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration, published in 1998, 2003, 2009 and 2016. An important motivation for the group was what they considered deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications since they were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e., groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor).

APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system.
Opinion polling for the 2022 Australian federal election
In the lead-up to the 2022 Australian federal election, a number of polling companies conducted regular opinion polls for various news organisations. These polls collected data on parties' primary vote, and contained an estimation of the two-party-preferred vote. They also asked questions about the electorates' views on major party leaders. Key polling companies are YouGov, Essential Media Communications, Roy Morgan Research, and Resolve Strategic.

Ipsos polls used to be published in The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age and the Australian Financial Review; however following the shock result of the 2019 Australian federal election, when the Coalition won the election against all of the opinion polls' predictions, the Nine Entertainment group decided to discontinue its relationship with that company. The newspapers did not report any Ipsos political polling until 4 Apr 2022, but continued to report the results of other Ipsos polls.

Roy Morgan
Roy Morgan, formerly known as Roy Morgan Research, is an independent Australian social and political market research and public opinion statistics company headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria. It operates nationally as Roy Morgan and internationally as Roy Morgan International. The Morgan Poll, a political poll that tracks voting intentions, is its most well-known product in Australia.
Anne Ripley Smith
Anne Ripley Smith (March 3, 1881 – June 1, 1949) was a co-founder of AA, along with her husband, Dr. Bob Smith, and Bill Wilson.

Anne Smith's influence in AA became widely known through her publication, Anne Smith's Journal, 1933-1939. 
She compiled and shared with early AAs and their families the materials that comprised the early AA's spiritual program—the Bible, Quiet Time, the teachings of Sam Shoemaker, the principles of the Oxford Group, and Christian literature of the day. Anne became one of the first members of Al-Anon when another founder, the wife of Bill W., Lois Wilson visited her in Akron, Ohio during his stay at their house. Al-Anon officially began in 1951, after Anne's death.

Bill W.
William Griffith Wilson (November 26, 1895 – January 24, 1971), also known as Bill Wilson or Bill W., was an American businessman who co-conceived and co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), with fellow co-founder Bob Smith.

AA is an international mutual aid fellowship with about two million members worldwide belonging to AA groups, associations, organizations, cooperatives, and fellowships of alcoholics helping other alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety. Following AA's Twelfth Tradition of anonymity, within the organization Wilson is commonly known as "Bill W." or "Bill". After his death, with his prior written permission, his full name was included in obituaries.

Wilson's sobriety from alcohol, which he maintained until his death, began December 11, 1934. In 1955, he turned over control of AA to a board of trustees. He died in 1971, and in 1999 Time listed him as "Bill W.: The Healer" in the Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
Séamus Harnedy
Séamus Harnedy (born 17 July 1990) is an Irish hurler. At club level he plays with St Ita's, divisional side Imokilly and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left wing-forward.

Captain (Gaelic games)
A captain of a Gaelic games team, sometimes known as a skipper, is a player who, during the course of a match as well as before and after it, has several additional roles and responsibilities over and above those of his teammates.

Tradition means that some teams rotate the captaincy annually, though others may adopt a permanent captain. As well as being an onfield leader, a captain takes the coin toss and raises the trophy when this is the game's prize.
Thuggee and Dacoity Department
The Thuggee and Dacoity Department, also called Thagi and Dakaiti Department, was an organ of the East India Company, and inherited by British India, which was established in 1830 with the mission of addressing dacoity (banditry), highway robbery, and particularly the Thuggee cult of robbers.

Among the department's more recognised members was Colonel William Sleeman, who headed the outfit from 1835 to 1839 and is known as the man who eliminated the Thuggee. In 1874, Sir Edward Bradford, 1st Baronet was made General Superintendent of the Thuggee and Dacoit Department.

According to Percy William Powlett in the Gazetteer of Ulwur magazine, the Meena tribe was known as infamous marauders which put under heavy surveillance by the Thuggee and Dacoity Department's agent in Alwar city.

The department existed until 1904, when it was replaced by the Central Criminal Intelligence Department.

Department of Criminal Intelligence
The Department of Criminal Intelligence (DCI), originally called Central Criminal Intelligence Department (CCID), was the central foreign and domestic intelligence agency of the Government of India during the British Raj. It was established by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, based on the Indian Police Commission report submitted on 30 May 1903 under the chairmanship of Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, which examined and recommended reforms in Indian police system. Sir Harold Stuart was appointed as the first director of DIC. Curzon also established Criminal Investigation Departments (CID) in all provinces of British India.

DCI later became the Intelligence Bureau.
Berlin (radar)
Berlin can refer to several German 9 cm wavelength (3.3 GHz) microwave radars of World War II, developed after the capture of examples of the British cavity magnetron in the H2S radar.

FuG 224 Berlin A of 1944, a PPI ground mapping radar

FuG 240 Berlin N1 of 1945, an airborne interception radar for nightfighters

FuMO 81, a naval development of the FuG 224

FuMO 83 Berlin I, for U-boats

FuMO 84 Berlin II, for the type XXI U-boat

FuG 240 Berlin
The FuG 240 "Berlin" was an airborne interception radar system operating at the "lowest end" of the SHF radio band (at about 3.3 GHz/9.1 cm wavelength), which the German Luftwaffe introduced at the very end of World War II. It was the first German radar to be based on the cavity magnetron, which eliminated the need for the large multiple dipole-based antenna arrays seen on earlier radars, thereby greatly increasing the performance of the night fighters. Introduced by Telefunken in April 1945, only about 25 units saw service.
11th federal electoral district of Veracruz
The 11th federal electoral district of Veracruz (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 11 de Veracruz) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 19 such districts in the state of Veracruz.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Roberto Ramos Alor of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
IC 4481
IC 4481 is a type SBbc barred spiral galaxy located in Boötes. Its redshift is 0.110727, meaning IC 4481 is located 1.49 billion light-years away from Earth. It is one of the furthest objects in the Index Catalogue and has an apparent dimension of 0.30 x 0.2 arcmin. IC 4481 was discovered on May 10, 1904, by Royal Harwood Frost, who found it "faint, very small, round and diffuse".

Boötes
Boötes (/boʊˈoʊtiːz/ boh-OH-teez) is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from Latin: Boōtēs, which comes from Ancient Greek: Βοώτης, romanized: Boṓtēs 'herdsman' or 'plowman' (literally, 'ox-driver'; from βοῦς boûs 'cow').

One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant Arcturus. Epsilon Boötis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.