hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quasinorm
In linear algebra, functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a quasinorm is similar to a norm in that it satisfies the norm axioms, except that the triangle inequality is replaced by

for some

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Horsetail Falls (Oregon)
Horsetail Falls (or Horse Tail Falls) is a waterfall located on Horsetail Creek along the Columbia River Gorge in Multnomah County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The falls drop over a cut over the columnar basalt cliff within the Oneonta Gorge. It is one of the waterfalls along the Columbia River Highway's waterfall corridor.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
12 (The Notwist album)
12 is an album by The Notwist, released in 1995. It has been described as a transition album between the earlier, punk rock and metal sound of The Notwist and Nook and the later, electronica and plinkerpop Shrink and Neon Golden. It was re-released in 2003 following the success of Neon Golden.

Shrink (album)
Shrink is the fourth studio album by German indie rock band The Notwist. It was released on 15 May 1998 by the label Community. The album found the band moving further away from their punk rock origins and pursuing a sound more rooted in electronic music.
Bodega Harbor
Bodega Harbor is a small, shallow, natural harbor in Sonoma County on the Pacific Coast of northern California in the United States, approximately 40 mi (64 km) northwest of San Francisco. The harbor is approximately 2 sq mi (5.2 km2) in area.

The harbor on the eastern side of Bodega Head and is protected from the main part of Bodega Bay to the south by a narrow sandy spit of land. The village of Bodega Bay sits along the eastern side of the harbor. Geologically, the harbor is formed by a depression of the San Andreas Fault.

Southwest of Bodega Harbor is the University of California's Bodega Marine Reserve on Horseshoe Cove. Bodega Harbor is a good location for access to Cordell Bank, Tomales Bay, and the Farallon Islands. The University of California maintains a marine biology study in the mud flats, along the southwestern corner of the harbor.  Bodega Harbor is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy.

Bodega Marine Reserve
Bodega Marine Reserve is a 362-acre (146 ha) nature reserve and marine reserve on the coast of northern California, located in the vicinity of the Bodega Marine Laboratory on Bodega Head.  It is a unit of the University of California Natural Reserve System, administered by the University of California, Davis.

Along California's north central coast, BMR is the only marine area protected for research and education.
As Aventuras de Poliana
As Aventuras de Poliana (English: The Adventures of Poliana) is a Brazilian telenovela written by Íris Abravanel, based on the 1913 novel Pollyanna  by Eleanor H. Porter. Sophia Valverde stars as the titular character. It premiered on SBT on 16 May 2018. On 2 October 2019, SBT announced that the telenovela was renewed for a second season and that it would be based on the 1915 novel Pollyanna Grows Up. The second season was later titled as Poliana Moça, which premiered in 2022.

The telenovela tells the story of Poliana, a girl who loses her parents and lives with her aunt, Luísa, in São Paulo. It also has the mystery of Mr. Pendleton, the confusions of the club MaGaBeLo and the story of João, a boy who leaves Ceará by himself to seek new adventures in Sao Paulo after meeting his friend, Poliana, by chance.

Eleanor H. Porter
Eleanor Emily Hodgman Porter (December 19, 1868 – May 21, 1920) was an American novelist. She was best known as the creator of the Pollyanna series of books, starting with Pollyanna (1913), which were a popular phenomenon.
Automobile License Plate Collectors Association
The Automobile License Plate Collectors Association (ALPCA) is the largest such organization in the world. Founded in Rumney Depot, New Hampshire, United States, in 1954 and holding its first meeting/convention in North Attleboro, Massachusetts, in 1955. It serves as a way for license plate collectors to trade plates, distribute news, and provide historic information to members.

Vehicle license plates of the United States
In the United States, vehicle registration plates, known as license plates, are issued by a department of motor vehicles, an agency of the state or territorial government, or in the case of the District of Columbia, the district government. Some Native American tribes also issue plates. The U.S. federal government issues plates only for its own vehicle fleet and for vehicles owned by foreign diplomats. Until the 1980s, diplomatic plates were issued by the state in which the consulate or embassy was located.

The appearances of plates are frequently chosen to contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction.  The term license plate is frequently used in statutes, although in some areas tag is informally used. The official three letter DSIT (coinciding with its ISO code) international code attributed to the United States is USA.

As of 2014, the federal government and forty states use prison labor to produce their license plates.
Jari Laukkanen (ice hockey)
Jari Laukkanen (born June 21, 1967) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Laukkanen played 12 seasons in the SM-liiga, registering 138 goals, 195 assists, 333 points, and 301 penalty minutes, while playing 561 games with three teams between 1988–89 and 2001–02.

On August 29, 2012, Laukkanen replaced Tuomas Tuokkola as the head coach for KalPa. The following season, on February 27, 2014, Laukkanen was replaced mid-season by Anssi Laine.

Tuomas Tuokkola
Tuomas Tuokkola (born January 20, 1970) is a Finnish former ice hockey defenceman. He is now retired from coaching. He is most famous from coaching KooKoo in the Finnish Liiga.

Tuokkola took over the head coaching duties for Ilves on January 21, 2013, as a mid-season replacement for Raimo Helminen.
Fuksa
Fuksa is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Fuksa (born 1963), Czech politician

Martin Fuksa (born 1993), Czech canoeist

Petr Fuksa (born 1969), Czech canoeist

Petr Fuksa Jr. (born 1998), Czech canoeist

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Party of Revolutionary Communism
Party of Revolutionary Communism (in Russian: Партия революционного коммунизма) was a political party in Russia 1918–1920. It was formed by a Narodnik group which broke away from the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries after the latter's mutiny in July 1918. The party favoured co-operation with the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (RCP(B)), and pledged support for soviet power. During its two-year existence the Party of Revolutionary Communism struggled with divisions, as the party sought to assert an independent pole in the midst of war communism.

Committees of Poor Peasants
In Soviet-ruled Russia the Bolshevik authorities established Committees of Poor [Peasants] (Russian: Комитеты Бедноты, komitety bednoty or Russian: комбеды, kombedy, commonly rendered in English as kombeds) during the second half of 1918 as local institutions bringing together impoverished peasants to advance government policy. The committees had as their primary task grain requisitioning on behalf of the Soviet state; they also distributed manufactured goods in rural areas. After 1918 many of the Committees of Poor Peasants were disbanded, though they remained strong in some areas including Ukraine where they were known as Committees of Unwealthy Peasants (komnezam or komnezamozhi).
Warren L. Carpenter
Warren L. Carpenter (August 12, 1931 in Little Rock, Arkansas – July 7, 2003 in Colorado Springs, Colorado) was a veteran of the United States Marine Corps and the Air Force, including serving as the Department of Defense's Chief Medical Officer for military space shuttle missions, flying 297 combat hours, serving as one of six Residents in Aerospace Medicine selected to fly on medical evacuation aircraft to bring home the U.S. prisoners-of-war from North Viet Nam on the final repatriation leg of Operation Homecoming, and earning six Service awards for marksmanship.

Overseas Service Ribbon
An Overseas Service Ribbon is a service military award of the United States military which recognizes those service members who have performed military tours outside the borders of the United States of America. There are different versions of the Overseas Service Ribbons for the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Space Force, and the U.S. Coast Guard. Both the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marines receive the Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon.
Eremomela
The eremomelas are a genus, Eremomela, of passerines in the cisticola family Cisticolidae. The genus was previously placed with the larger Old World warbler family Sylviidae prior to that genus being broken up into several families. The genus contains eleven species, all of which are found in sub-Saharan Africa. They occupy a range of habitats, from arid scrub to lowland tropical forest. They are intermediate in appearance between crombecs and apalis, and measure between 8.5 to 12 cm (3.3–4.7 in) in length. The sexes are alike in size and plumage.

Apalis
The apalises are small passerine birds belonging to the genus Apalis, in the family Cisticolidae. They are found in forest, woodlands and scrub across most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. They are slender birds with long tails and have a slender bill for catching insects. They are typically brown, grey or green above and several species have brightly coloured underparts. Males and females are usually similar in appearance but the males are sometimes brighter.
2015 Fylkir season
The 2015 season is Fylkir's 19th season in Úrvalsdeild and their 16th consecutive season in top-flight of Icelandic Football.

To start the season, Fylkir was coached by Ásmundur Arnarsson for the fourth consecutive season after he signed a new three-year contract on 9 October 2014. He was assisted by Reynir Leósson.

Along with the Úrvalsdeild, the club also competed in the Lengjubikarinn and Borgunarbikarinn.

On 6 July Ásmundur Arnarsson, following the 4–0 defeat against ÍBV, left the club by mutual consent. He was replaced with Hermann Hreiðarsson.

On 20 July Albert Brynjar Ingason became the club's all-time top scorer in the Úrvalsdeild scoring his 42nd goal in a 1–0 win against Breiðablik.

Icelandic Men's Football League Cup
The Icelandic Men's Football League Cup (Icelandic: Deildarbikar karla), also known as the Lengjubikar karla for sponsorship reasons, is a pre-season professional football competition in Iceland. It is considered the third most important competition in Icelandic football.

The pre-season tournament involves the top 22 clubs in Iceland from the previous season and the two clubs promoted from 2. deild, for a total of the 24 teams that will comprise the top two divisions in Iceland the following season. It generally takes place between February and May. The number of teams in the 2008 edition rose from 16 to 24.
Multnomah (1851 sidewheeler)
The Multnomah was one of the first steamboats to operate on the Willamette and Yamhill rivers. This vessel should not be confused with the Multnomah, a steamboat built in Portland, Oregon in 1885, which was larger and of a much different design.

Cascades Rapids
The Cascades Rapids (sometimes called Cascade Falls or Cascades of the Columbia) were an area of rapids along North America's Columbia River, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. Through a stretch approximately 150 yards (140 m) wide, the river dropped about 40 feet (12 m) in 2 miles (3.2 km).
These rapids or cascades, along with the many cascades along the Columbia River Gorge in this area of Oregon and Washington, gave rise to the name for the surrounding mountains: the Cascade Range.

In 1896 the Cascade Locks and Canal were constructed to bypass the rapids. In the late 1930s, the construction of the Bonneville Dam led to the submerging of the rapids and most of the 1896 structures.
Ferdie Pacheco
Fernando Pacheco Jimenez (December 8, 1927 – November 16, 2017) known publicly as Ferdie Pacheco, was the personal physician and cornerman for world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali as well as numerous other boxing champions. Pacheco was also a long-time boxing television commentator, and the first Spanish interpreter for English speaking boxing broadcasts in the United States.

Known in popular culture as The Fight Doctor, Pacheco left Ali's team in the fall of 1977 after Ali didn't perform as expected in a battery of physical reflex tests, leading Ali to reject Pacheco's medical advice to retire.

For the next two decades, Pacheco was a noted boxing analyst for several television networks, including NBC and Showtime. He also became an author and self-taught painter, with most of his works focused on his career in boxing and his youth in the Ybor City neighborhood of Tampa, Florida.

Angelo Dundee
Angelo Dundee (born Angelo Mirena; August 30, 1921 – February 1, 2012) was an American boxing trainer and cornerman. Internationally known for his work with Muhammad Ali (1960–1981), he also worked with 15 other world boxing champions, including Sugar Ray Leonard, Sean Mannion, José Nápoles, George Foreman, George Scott, Jimmy Ellis, Carmen Basilio, Luis Manuel Rodríguez, and Willie Pastrano.
JM Eagle
JM Eagle is an American corporation and a manufacturer of plastic pipe. At its 22 plants in North America, the company manufactures polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene pipe for a variety of industries including utility, plumbing, electrical, natural gas, irrigation, potable water, drainage, and sewage.

Plastic pipework
Plastic pipe is a tubular section, or hollow cylinder, made of plastic. It is usually, but not necessarily, of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow—liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids. It can also be used for structural applications; hollow pipes are far stiffer per unit weight than solid members.

Plastic pipework is used for the conveyance of drinking water, waste water, chemicals, heating fluid and cooling fluids, foodstuffs, ultra-pure liquids, slurries, gases, compressed air, irrigation, plastic pressure pipe systems, and vacuum system applications.
Homeobox protein TGIF1
Homeobox protein TGIF1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TGIF1 gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and eight variants, encoding four distinct isoforms, are described.

SMAD2
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2, also known as SMAD family member 2 or SMAD2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD2 gene. MAD homolog 2 belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways.
Trerwanwala
Trerwanwala is a village of Kharian Tehsil, Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The village is located on the road connecting Dinga and Lalamusa. Farming is the main source of income within the village. Many residents have settled abroad, mainly in the UK or elsewhere in Europe. Its neighbouring village is Dhndhala.

Dinga
Dinga is a city in the Gujrat District, in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
It original name was Deen Gah (دین گاہ), when British came there, they pronounce it as Dinga (ڈینگہ) 
It lies between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab. The main highway that runs from Lahore to Rawalpindi is about 23 km (16.7 mi) northeast of Dinga. Dinga is about 100 km (62 mi) from the border between Pakistan and India. The population of Dinga was 78422 per the 2017 census.
Major Muhammad Akram shaheed (Nishan-e-Haider
Lee Wallace
Lee Wallace (born 1 August 1987) is a Scottish former professional footballer. He represented the Scotland national team with 10 caps.

Wallace started his career Heart of Midlothian, making his debut in 2005 at age seventeen, and joined Rangers seven years later. He remained with the club upon its liquidation in 2012 and was awarded the club captaincy by the then-manager Mark Warburton in 2015. He re-joined Warburton at Queens Park Rangers in June 2019. Wallace has represented Scotland at both youth and full international level.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Carlton in Lindrick
Carlton in Lindrick is a village and civil parish about 3 miles (5 km) north of Worksop in Nottinghamshire, England. The village comprises three community areas; North Carlton to the centre, South Carlton and Costhorpe to the far north. Separated to the south but within the parish is Wigthorpe, a hamlet. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 5,623, including nearby Wallingwells. The 2021 Census reported alone on Carlton in Lindrick parish, with 5,635 residents.

Worksop
Worksop (/ˈwɜːrksɒp/ WURK-sop) is a market town in the Bassetlaw District in Nottinghamshire, England. Located close to Nottinghamshire's borders with South Yorkshire and Derbyshire, it is on the River Ryton and not far from the northern edge of Sherwood Forest. The population of the town was recorded at 44,733 in the 2021 Census. To the south of Worksop is the area of the Dukeries.
Saint-Véran Lake
The Saint-Véran Lake is a fresh body of water in the head area of the Moncouche River (via the Moncouche Lake), in the unorganized territory of Lac-Moncouche, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Lac Saint-Véran is located in the western part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. Its location is almost at the limit of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.

A forest road runs along the southeast shore of Lac Moncouche. A few secondary forest roads serve this area for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Lake Saint-Véran is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Laurentides Wildlife Reserve
Réserve faunique des Laurentides (transl. Laurentides Wildlife Reserve), also known by its former name of parc des Laurentides, is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, located between Quebec City and the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. This reserve is part of the network of wildlife reserves of Quebec (Canada) managed by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Quebec) and the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec. It is located halfway between Saguenay and Quebec.

The territory of the reserve (7,861 square kilometres (3,035 sq mi)) has over 2000 lakes and many summits of over 1000 meters. The reserve is known by outdoor enthusiasts for hunting and fishing.
Gates of Gold
Gates of Gold is the fifteenth studio album by the American rock band Los Lobos, released in September 2015. It was released worldwide through 429 Records and in Europe through Proper Records. It is the band's first full-length studio album since 2010's Tin Can Trust.

Tin Can Trust
Tin Can Trust is a 2010 album by the band Los Lobos, and is the band's first collection of new original material since 2006. It features rock 'n' roll, blues, two Spanish language tracks, and a Grateful Dead cover song. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Americana Album.
FC Oborishte Panagyurishte
Oborishte (Bulgarian: Оборище) is a Bulgarian association football club based in the town of Panagyurishte, Pazardzhik Province, currently playing in the Third League, the third level of Bulgarian football.

Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Втора професионална футболна лига, romanized: Vtora Profesionalna Futbolna Liga), also known as Second League (Bulgarian: Втора Лига) or Vtora liga (currently known as Mr. Bit Second League for sponsorship reasons), is the second level of the Bulgarian football league system, below First League and above the Third League. Twenty teams take part in the league, each playing twice against all the other, once home and once away. Most matches are played on Saturdays and Sundays. The league is administered by the Bulgarian Professional Football League.

In 2016, the B Group's name was rebranded to Second Professional Football League.
Hightail
Hightail, formerly YouSendIt, is a cloud service  that lets users send, receive, digitally sign, and synchronize files. YouSendIt.com and YouSendIt Inc. were founded in 2004; the company renamed itself Hightail in 2013.

The company's early focus was on helping users send files that were too large for email; it started adding features and plug-ins for businesses in 2007. The service grew quickly, and the firm raised $49 million in funding between 2005 and 2010. The service can now be used via the web, a desktop client, mobile devices, or from within business applications using a Hightail plugin.

In May 2015, the company launched Hightail Spaces, designed to encourage creative professionals from conception of an idea to delivery.

In 2018, Hightail was acquired by OpenText.

Dropbox
Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by the American company Dropbox, Inc., headquartered in San Francisco, California, that offers cloud storage, file synchronization, personal cloud, and client software. Dropbox was founded in 2007 by MIT students Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi as a startup company, with initial funding from seed accelerator Y Combinator.

Dropbox has experienced criticism and generated controversy for issues including security breaches and privacy concerns.