hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yiddish symbols
A number of Yiddish symbols have emerged to represent the language and the Yiddishist movement over history. Lacking a central authority, however, they have not had the prominence of those of the Hebrew revival and the Zionist  symbols of Israel. Several of the Yiddish symbols are drawn from Yiddish songs in the klezmer tradition.

Yiddish literature
Yiddish literature encompasses all those belles-lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German. The history of Yiddish, with its roots in central Europe and locus for centuries in Eastern Europe, is evident in its literature.

It is generally described as having three historical phases: Old Yiddish literature; Haskalah and Hasidic literature; and modern Yiddish literature. While firm dates for these periods are hard to pin down, Old Yiddish can be said to have existed roughly from 1300 to 1780; Haskalah and Hasidic literature from 1780 to about 1890; and modern Yiddish literature from 1864 to the present.

An important bibliography of Yiddish literature is the Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur (Lexicon of Modern Yiddish Literature) published by the Congress for Jewish Culture in 8 volumes between 1956 and 1981, containing a brief presentation of around 7,000 writers.
Turf melting out
Turf melting out is caused by the fungal pathogen Drechslera poae, in the family Pleosporaceae. It is a common problem on turfgrass and affects many different species. The disease infects all parts of the plant most commonly on golf course roughs, sports fields, and home lawns. There are two stages of the disease: the leaf blade infection and the crown and root infection Melting out occurs during the cool weather of April and May and is encouraged by high nitrogen fertility. The disease is spread by wind-blown or water splashed spores that survive in thatch.

Pleosporaceae
Pleosporaceae is a family of sac fungi. They are pathogenic to humans or saprobic on woody and dead herbaceous stems or leaves.

They are generally anamorphic species (having an asexual reproductive stage). The type species is Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.

They have a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Chester County Library System
The Chester County Library System (CCLS) is a library system serving Chester County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Organized in 1965, the CCLS is a federated system composed of a District Center Library in Exton and seventeen member libraries. The system provides materials and information for life, work and pleasure.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Engan languages
The Engan languages, or more precisely Enga–Kewa–Huli or Enga – Southern Highland, are a small family of Papuan languages of the highlands of Papua New Guinea. The two branches of the family are rather distantly related, but were connected by Franklin and Voorhoeve (1973).

Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross FAHA (born 3 May 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University (ANU).

Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996.
Daihatsu C-series engine
The Daihatsu C-series engine is a range of compact three-cylinder, internal combustion piston engines, designed by Daihatsu, which is a subsidiary of Toyota. The engines range from 843 to 993 cc and have been manufactured in petrol and diesel-driven series. They have cast iron engine blocks and aluminum cylinder heads, and are of either SOHC or DOHC design, with belt driven heads. The engine first appeared in the all-new Daihatsu Charade in October 1977, in "CB20" form.

Most common is the 1-liter CB, which was also available as the diesel CL. There is an 843 cc version called the CD and the extremely rare 926 cc homologation special called the CE.

Straight-three engine
A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft.

Less common than straight-four engine, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.
Harman River
The Harman River is a river of New Zealand. It starts in the Browning Range of the Southern Alps and becomes the Arahura River, which flows into the Tasman Sea north of Hokitika.

The river can be reached on foot using the Styx Valley track.

The river is named for R.J.S. Harman, a Canterbury surveyor, who discovered the nearby Harman Pass in 1865.

Hokitika
Hokitika is a town in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Greymouth, and close to the mouth of the Hokitika River. It is the seat and largest town in the Westland District. The town's estimated population is 3,420 as of June 2025.

On a clear day Aoraki / Mount Cook can clearly be seen from Hokitika's main street.
Murder of Ippolito Gonzalez
Ippolito "Lee" Gonzalez (July 26, 1954 – May 6, 1995) was an American Police Sergeant with the police department of Franklin Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey who was fatally shot multiple times during a routine traffic stop in Franklinville on May 6, 1995. Two Warlocks Motorcycle Club members, Robert Simon and Charles Staples, were tried and convicted for Gonzalez's murder, the former being sentenced to death and later murdered while on death row.

Franklinville, New Jersey
Franklinville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Franklin Township in Gloucester County, in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area in the  U.S. state of New Jersey. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08322.

As of the 2010 United States census, the population for ZIP Code Tabulation Area 08322 was 10,524.

The Franklinville area of Franklin Township serves as the town center that mixes historic buildings with modern conveniences and stores.  A mix of merchants exist in the town center along with the Franklinville Volunteer Fire Company, Franklin Township Community Center and The Franklinville Inn, Franklinville Lake and the historic Franklinville train station. Franklinville was formerly named "Little Ease."

A five-way junction between New Jersey Route 47, County Route 538 and County Route 613 in the center of Franklinville provides access to Williamstown, Glassboro and Vineland.
Mabel May Woodward
Mabel May Woodward (September 28, 1877 – August 14, 1945) was  a prominent Rhode Island impressionist painter during the late 19th and early 20th century. She was active from 1896 until 1943, primarily in Rhode Island and in Maine.

William Merritt Chase
William Merritt Chase (November 1, 1849 – October 25, 1916) was an American painter, known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later became the Parsons School of Design.
Sandra Fluke
Sandra Kay Fluke (/flʊk/, born April 17, 1981) is an American lawyer, women's rights activist, and representative to the Democratic Party of San Fernando Valley.

She first came to public attention when, in February 2012, Republican members of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee refused to allow her to testify to that committee on the importance of requiring insurance plans to cover birth control during a discussion on whether medical insurance should have a contraception mandate. She later spoke to Democratic representatives.

Fluke supported Barack Obama's presidential re-election campaign in 2012 and was a featured speaker at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. She ran for the California State Senate seat of Ted Lieu, who vacated the seat to run for the congressional seat being vacated by Henry Waxman. Fluke lost to fellow Democrat Ben Allen.

Georgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment, with over 2,000 students. It frequently receives the most full-time applications of any law school in the United States. Georgetown is considered part of the T14, an unofficial designation in the legal community of the best 14 law schools in the United States.

The school's campus is less than a mile from the U.S. Capitol Building and U.S. Supreme Court. Prominent alumni include 11 current members of the United States Congress, federal and state judges, billionaires, and diplomats.
Susan Dynarski
Susan Marie Dynarski is an American economist who is currently professor of education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She is also a faculty research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Student financial aid in the United States
Student financial aid in the United States is funding that is available exclusively to students attending a post-secondary educational institution in the United States. This funding is used to assist in covering the many costs incurred in pursuing post-secondary education. Financial aid is available from federal and state governments, educational institutions, and private organizations. It can be awarded through grants, loans, work-study, and scholarships. To apply for federal financial aid, students must first complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

The financial aid process has been criticized for its part in enrollment management, whereby students are awarded money not based on merit or need, but on the maximum the student families will pay.
Gravel Lake
Gravel Lake is a small freshwater lake located at the edge of the Pacific Crest Trail on the western skirt of Mount Thomson at the border between King County and Kittitas County, Washington. The lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing golden trout and rainbow trout. Other Alpine lakes are in the vicinity, including the Alaska Lake a short distance east, and Joe Lake and Edds Lake northbound on the PCT. To the east is Hibox Mountain.

Joe Lake (Washington)
Joe Lake is a freshwater lake located on the eastern skirt of Alaska Mountain at the border between King County and Kittitas County, Washington. The lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing rainbow trout and cutthroat trout. Frequently hicked Huckleberry Mountain is just north of the lake on the opposite side of the Pacific Crest Trail. Other Alpine lakes are in the vicinity, including the Rampart Lakes a short distance south, at the base of Mount Margaret. To the east is Hibox Mountain.
Geography of Memphis, Tennessee
The City of Memphis is located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the regional hub for a tri-state area of Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee.

Shelby County is located over four natural aquifers, one of which is recognized as the "Memphis sand aquifer" or simply as the "Memphis aquifer." This particular water source is stated to contain more than 100 trillion gallons (380 km3) of water.

Memphis has a humid subtropical climate, with four distinct seasons. The summer months are persistently hot and humid due to moisture encroaching from the Gulf of Mexico.

North Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
North Memphis is one of the five defined districts of Memphis, Tennessee. It includes smaller neighborhoods such as Klondike, New Chicago, Douglass, Hyde Park, Hollywood, Nutbush, Binghampton, Smokey City, Scutterfeld, Frayser, and Raleigh.
Melvyn Greaves
Sir Melvyn Francis Greaves (born 12 September 1941) is a British cancer biologist, and Professor of Cell Biology at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London. He is noted for his research into childhood leukaemia and the roles of evolution in cancer, including important discoveries in the genetics and molecular biology underpinning leukaemia.

Cancer Research UK
Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation. It is registered as a charity in the United Kingdom, as well as the Isle of Man, and was formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. Cancer Research UK conducts research using both its own staff and grant-funded researchers. It also provides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness and influencing public policy. The organisation's work is almost entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. Over 25,000 people are regular volunteers.
FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk (Russian: ФК «Нефтехимик» Нижнекамск) is an association football club from Nizhnekamsk, Russia, founded in 1991. It played at the second-highest level in the Russian First League in 1993–1998, 2001–2004, 2012 to 2013–14, 2016–17 and from 2019–to present.  Neftekhimik has won 5 Second Division titles.

It has been a farm club of FC Rubin Kazan since 2007.

FC Rubin Kazan
FC Rubin Kazan (Russian: ФК Рубин Казань; Tatar: ФК Рубин Казан) is a Russian professional football club based in the city of Kazan. They play in the Russian Premier League. Founded in 1958, Rubin played its first-ever top flight season in 2003. It has remained there through the 2021–22 season, winning the Russian Premier League championship in 2008 and 2009. After one season in the second tier, the club returned to the RPL for the 2023–24 season. The club also won the 2011–12 Russian Cup. The team plays in the Ak Bars Arena.
Isotypical representation
In group theory, an isotypical, primary or factor representation of a group G is a unitary representation  such that any two subrepresentations have equivalent sub-subrepresentations.  This is related to the notion of a primary or factor representation of a C*-algebra, or to the factor for a von Neumann algebra: the representation  of G is isotypical iff  is a factor.

This term more generally used in the context of semisimple modules.

Semisimple module
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a semisimple module or completely reducible module is a type of module that can be understood easily from its parts.  A ring that is a semisimple module over itself is known as an Artinian semisimple ring.  Some important rings, such as group rings of finite groups over fields of characteristic zero, are semisimple rings.  An Artinian ring is initially understood via its largest semisimple quotient.  The structure of Artinian semisimple rings is well understood by the Artin–Wedderburn theorem, which exhibits these rings as finite direct products of matrix rings.

For a group-theory analog of the same notion, see Semisimple representation.
2010 Masters Tournament
The 2010 Masters Tournament was the 74th Masters Tournament, played April 8–11 at Augusta National Golf Club. 
Phil Mickelson won his third Masters and fourth major title, three shots ahead of runner-up Lee Westwood.

Matteo Manassero
Matteo Manassero (born 19 April 1993) is an Italian professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour. In 2010, he became the youngest golfer to win a European Tour event. His most notable victory to date was in the 2013 BMW PGA Championship.
KMIX
KMIX (100.9 FM, "La Tricolor 100.9") is a radio station broadcasting a regional Mexican format. Licensed to Tracy, California, United States, it serves the Stockton area.  The station is currently owned by Entravision Communications.

Entravision Communications
Entravision Communications Corporation is an American media company based in Santa Monica, California. Entravision primarily caters to the Spanish-speaking Hispanic and Latino community and owns television and radio stations and outdoor media, in several of the top Hispanic and Latino markets. It is the largest affiliate group of the Univision and UniMás television networks. Entravision also owns a small number of English-language television and radio stations.
Boomzap Entertainment
Boomzap Entertainment is a casual games developer registered in Singapore with a virtual office environment. It was formed in 2005 and has released 50 games to date that are ported on various platforms. Boomzap has developed for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Nintendo DS, Wii, iOS, and Android. Its games are available on games portals such as Big Fish Games, Yahoo!, WildTangent, GameHouse, Google Play, Amazon, iTunes, Steam and others.

Boomzap is known in the game industry for being one of the few companies to use a pure virtual office environment. Articles have been written on the subject in the Casual Games Association Magazine and Gamasutra regarding their prototyping methods. A feature article on Gamasutra was released on April 1, 2010 that further elaborated Boomzap's "quick and dirty" production process for making games.

Puzzle
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together (or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to find the solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology.

Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.
2023 Castleford Tigers season
The 2023 season was the Castleford Tigers' 98th season in the Rugby Football League and their 16th consecutive season in the top flight of English rugby league. The club competed in the 2023 Super League and the 2023 Challenge Cup.

Castleford began the season under head coach Lee Radford, before he was sacked in March and replaced by his assistant Andy Last. Last himself was dismissed after five months in charge, with Danny Ward appointed for the remainder of the campaign. The team was captained by Paul McShane, with Joe Westerman as interim in his absence. They finished the Super League season in 11th place, narrowly surviving a relegation battle with Wakefield.

Lee Radford
Lee Radford (born 26 March 1979) is an English professional rugby union coach, and former rugby league footballer and coach. Since 2023 he has worked for Premiership Rugby club Northampton Saints as their defence coach.

He previously worked in rugby league as the head coach of Hull FC, in the Super League, from 2013 to 2020 and as head coach of Castleford Tigers from 2022 to 2023.

As a player, he was an England international second-row forward who played for Hull F.C. and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, and for Yorkshire.
Lakeland Derby Dames
Lakeland Derby Dames was a flat-track roller derby league based in Lakeland, FL. The league was founded in March 2010. The leagues' travel team was the Rockabilly Rebels.
They formally practiced and played in Hangar E on the Sun 'n Fun campus.

The team competed against other teams from all over the state of Florida, both at their home venue and away. In 2013 they played Jacksonville RollerGirls, Ocala Cannibals, Gainesville Roller Rebels, South Florida Roller Girls, Sintral Florida Derby Demons, Revolution Roller Derby, North River Rolling Renegades, Thunder City Derby Sirens, Alachua County Rollers, and Deadly Rival Roller Derby.

The team won 12 of their 18 games in the 2013 season.

Their last game was played on October 25, 2015, against The Rolling Valkyries. The league has since been disbanded. Former members of Lakeland Derby Dames have since formed a new organization, Swan City Roller Derby, which aims to begin hosting games in January 2017.

Gainesville Roller Rebels
Gainesville Roller Rebels (GRR) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Gainesville, Florida. Founded in 2007, the league consists of a home team and an all star team which competes against teams from other leagues. Gainesville is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).
Beans Island
Beans Island, (also called Bains Island) is a small uninhabited island in the West Isles Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, where the Bay of Fundy enters Passamaquoddy Bay. It is particularly known for being the site of North America's first lobster pound. The island has long since been abandoned. though its shores house a series of salmon hatcheries.

It is composed of heavy beds of pinkish chert felsite.

West Isles Parish, New Brunswick
West Isles is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes, it is part of the Southwest rural district, which is a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised a single local service district (LSD), which was a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

The parish comprises dozens of offshore islands but only the largest, Deer Island, is inhabited. There are no bridges and only Deer Island has ferry service.

Historian William Francis Ganong considered the name to come from the islands' position.
Plowden Report
The Plowden Report is the unofficial name for the 1967 report of the Central Advisory Council For Education (England) into primary education in England. The report, entitled Children and their Primary Schools, reviewed primary education in a wholesale fashion. The collation of the report took around 3 years. The Council was chaired by Bridget, Lady Plowden after whom the report is named.

Central Advisory Councils for Education
Section 4 of the Education Act 1944 set-up two Central Advisory Councils for Education, one for England and one for Wales and Monmouthshire. The purpose of the councils was to advise the Minister of Education upon matters connected with educational theory and practice, the advices were used to refine educational policy and develop educational institutes.  Starting with a terms of reference, the councils would carryout an enquiry and produce a report which would be submitted to the Minister of Education who could choose to publish the report.
Oli Thompson
Oliver Thompson (born 2 January 1980) is an English mixed martial artist and retired strongman. Thompson currently competes in MMA’s heavyweight division. He has previously competed for major organisations such as UFC, Bellator, KSW, and BAMMA. In 2006, Thompson won the title of Britain's Strongest Man.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).