hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 Far North District Council election
The 2019 Far North District Council election took place between September and October 2019 by postal vote in Far North District in New Zealand to elect a mayor of Far North District council, 9 councillors, and 19 community board members.

Far North District
35°13′30″S 173°30′18″E﻿ / ﻿35.225°S 173.505°E﻿ / -35.225; 173.505

The Far North District is the northernmost territorial authority district of New Zealand, consisting of the northern part of the Northland Peninsula in the North Island. It stretches from North Cape / Otou and Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua in the north, down to the Bay of Islands, the Hokianga and the town of Kaikohe.

The Far North District Council is based in Kaikohe, and has ten ward councillors representing four wards: Te Hiku (in the north), Kaikohe-Hokianga (in the west), Bay of Islands-Whangaroa (in the east) and the district-wide Ngā Tai o Tokerau Māori ward. The council is led by the current mayor of the Far North, Moko Tepania, who entered the role in 2022.
Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.

Regions of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is divided into 17 regions and 4 cities. The regions are further subdivided into districts. The four cities, Almaty, Baikonur, Shymkent, and the capital city Astana, do not belong to their surrounding regions.

The regions are also referred to as oblasts, which were one of the second-level subdivisions of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991, there were 17 regions as of 1989.

On 16 March 2022, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that three new regions would be created. Abai Region was created from East Kazakhstan Region with its capital in Semey. Ulytau Region was created from Karaganda Region with its capital in Jezkazgan. Jetisu Region was created from Almaty Region with its capital in Taldykorgan; Almaty Region's capital was moved from Taldykorgan to Qonayev.
Obioma Chukwuike
Obioma Chukwuike is a Nigerian intersex and non-binary human rights activist and community organiser. They are the founder and executive director of Intersex Nigeria, the country's first organisation dedicated to advancing the rights, visibility, and wellbeing of intersex people. Chukwuike is known for advocating against non-consensual medical interventions, promoting bodily autonomy, and pushing for the inclusion of intersex persons in national health and policy frameworks.

Universal Periodic Review
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a mechanism of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) that emerged from the 2005 UN reform process. Established by the General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 3 April 2006, the UPR periodically examines the human rights performance of all 193 UN Member States. It is intended to complement, not duplicate, the work of other human rights mechanisms, including the UN human rights treaty bodies. This is the first international human rights mechanism to address all countries and all human rights. The Working Group on the UPR, which is composed of the HRC's 47 Member States and chaired by the HRC President, conducts country reviews.
Montaigut-en-Combraille
Montaigut-en-Combraille (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tɛɡy ɑ̃ kɔ̃bʁaj], known as Montaigut until 31 December 2022; Occitan: Montagut de Combralhas) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

Auvergne
Auvergne (/oʊˈvɛərn(jə), oʊˈvɜːrn/; French: [ovɛʁɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha) is a cultural region in central France. It is now largely part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region.

Auvergne is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dissolved in 1790, and with the now-defunct administrative region of Auvergne, which existed from 1956 to 2015.

The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the "chaîne des Puys". The volcanoes began forming about 70,000 years ago, and most have eroded, leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys. The last confirmed eruption occurred around 4040 BCE.
Du clan of Jingzhao
The Du clan of Jingzhao (Chinese: 京兆杜氏) was a prominent Chinese clan, centred around the Jingzhao region (modern day Xi'an). Tracing its origins back to the Western Han dynasty, it retained its prominence in Chinese politics and society up to the end of the Tang dynasty.

Du Yu
Du Yu (222 – January or February 285), courtesy name Yuankai, was a Chinese classicist, military general, and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the late Three Kingdoms period and early Jin dynasty.
CIMO-FM
CIMO-FM (106.1 MHz) is a French-language radio station licensed to Magog, Quebec, and serving the Sherbrooke region of Estrie. It is owned by Bell Media and it broadcasts a mainstream rock radio format as part of the Énergie network across Quebec.

CIMO-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 1,600 watts as a class B station. It uses an omnidirectional antenna and its tower is atop Mount Orford. Because of coverage deficiencies in downtown Sherbrooke, the station also operates a low-power relay station there, CIMO-FM-1 on 106.9 MHz with an effective radiated power of 22 watts, also using an omnidirectional antenna.

Magog, Quebec
Magog (locally /ˈmeɪɡɔːɡ/ MAY-gawg, French: [maɡɔɡ]) is a city in southeastern Quebec, Canada, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Montreal at the confluence of Lake Memphremagog—after which the city was named—with the Rivière aux Cerises and the Magog River. It is a major centre and industrial city in the Regional County Municipality of Memphremagog. The city lies in the Eastern Townships tourist region.

In 2002, the City of Magog was merged with the Township of Magog and the Village of Omerville as part of the municipal reorganization in Quebec.
Canal & River Trust
The Canal & River Trust (CRT), branded as Glandŵr Cymru in Wales, holds the guardianship of 2,000 miles of canals and rivers, together with reservoirs and a wide range of heritage buildings and structures, in England and Wales. Launched on 12 July 2012, the Trust took over the responsibilities of the state-owned British Waterways in England and Wales.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom. The department is responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for cooperation, between it and the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, which have devolved responsibilities for these matters in their respective nations.

Defra also leads for the United Kingdom on agricultural, fisheries and environmental matters in international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change, although a new Department of Energy and Climate Change was created on 3 October 2008 to take over the last responsibility; later transferred to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister in July 2016.
William Henry Furness Jr.
William Henry Furness Jr. (1827 – 1867) was an American portrait painter.  He was born in Philadelphia to Annis P. Jenks and William Henry Furness.  He began his career as a portrait painter in Philadelphia but soon moved to Boston, where he found greater success. Among others, he painted portraits of Lucretia Mott and Senator Charles Sumner.  He studied art in Europe for several years.
His father was the minister of the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia and an ardent abolitionist.  His brother Frank Furness was one of Philadelphia's most prominent architects.

First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia
The First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia is a Unitarian Universalist congregation located at 2125 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a regional Community Center it sponsors cultural, educational, civic, wellness and spiritual activities.

On June 12, 1796, twenty of Philadelphia's intellectual leaders formed the First Unitarian Society of Philadelphia, becoming the first continuously functioning church in the country to name itself "Unitarian". The founders were directed and encouraged by the Unitarian minister Joseph Priestley, and its first settled minister was the Rev. Dr. William Henry Furness.
Marianites of Holy Cross
The Marianites of Holy Cross (MSC) is a Catholic congregation of nuns, founded in Le Mans, France, in 1841, by Fr Basil Moreau. It was founded as a third distinct society within the Congregation of Holy Cross. The Marianites of Holy Cross is now an independent congregation.

Port Allen, Louisiana
Port Allen is a city in, and the parish seat of, West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. Located on the west bank of the Mississippi River, it is bordered by Interstate 10 and US Highway 190. The population was 4,939 in 2020. It is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan statistical area.

Port Allen is home to the Mississippi Riverfront Development, which provides a panoramic view of the Mississippi River and Baton Rouge, the West Baton Rouge Museum, the City of Port Allen Railroad Depot, Scott's Cemetery, the Port of Greater Baton Rouge, and the Port Allen Lock.
ISSF World Shooting Championships
The ISSF World Shooting Championships are governed by the International Shooting Sport Federation. These championships, including all ISSF shooting events, are held every four years since 1954. For the shotgun events only, there is an additional World Championship competition in odd years.

300 m standard rifle
300 m standard rifle is one of the ISSF shooting events. It is similar to 300 metre rifle but there are more restrictions on the rifle (quite similar to those in 10 metre air rifle). The course of fire is a three positions program of 3x20 shots. This event is based in competitions with army-style rifles, and in this form dates back at least to the 19th century, although the early championships had a true army rifle event, using the model of the host country's choice. The standard rifle event as such was introduced in 1947.

300 metre standard rifle is also on the program of the CISM military world championships.
Bolsover Cundy House
Bolsover Cundy House is a restored 17th-century conduit house in Derbyshire, England, that was used to supply water to the nearby Bolsover Castle. It is near Houfton Road in Bolsover.

The plain rectangular building houses a brick water tank, which still collects water. It was built in the early 17th century and supplied water to the cistern house of Bolsover Castle until the 1920s. The roof is a solid stone vault to make it secure and impervious to decay, unlike timber. The structure was designated as Grade II* listed in 1989.

A scheme to restore the conduit house was carried out in 2002–2003 as part of a joint initiative between English Heritage, Bolsover Civic Society, and the local town and district councils. The aims of the project were to preserve the building, remove a safety hazard, and to raise the profile of this historic structure.

Bolsover Cundy House is in the care of English Heritage and managed by Bolsover Civic Society.

Bolsover
Bolsover is a market town and the administrative centre of the Bolsover District, Derbyshire, England. It is 18 miles (29 km) from Sheffield, 26 miles (42 km) from Nottingham and 27 miles (43 km) from Derby. It is the main town in the Bolsover district.

The civil parish for the town is called Old Bolsover. It includes the town and the New Bolsover model village, along with Hillstown, Carr Vale,
Shuttlewood, Stanfree, Oxcroft, and Whaley. Its population at the 2011 UK Census was 11,673.

Bolsover, along with several nearby villages, is situated in the north-east of the county of Derbyshire. It is the main town in the District of Bolsover, which is an electoral constituency and part of Derbyshire.

Bolsover sought city status in the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours, but the bid was unsuccessful.
Perillaldehyde
Perillaldehyde, perillic aldehyde or perilla aldehyde, is a natural organic compound found most abundantly in the annual herb perilla, but also in a wide variety of other plants and essential oils.  It is a monoterpenoid containing an aldehyde functional group.

Perillaldehyde, or volatile oils from perilla that are rich in perillaldehyde, are used as food additives for flavoring and in perfumery to add spiciness.  Perillaldehyde can be readily converted to perilla alcohol, which is also used in perfumery. It has a mint-like, cinnamon odor and is primarily responsible for the flavor of perilla.

The oxime of perillaldehyde is known as perillartine or perilla sugar and is about 2000 times sweeter than sucrose and is used in Japan as a sweetener. It is presented in lower concentrations in the body odor of persons suffering from Parkinson's disease.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
PowerBook 170
The PowerBook 170 is a laptop computer that was released by Apple Inc. in 1991 along with the PowerBook 100 and the PowerBook 140.
Identical in form factor to the 140, it was the high end of the original
PowerBook line featuring a faster 25 MHz Motorola 68030 processor with 68882 floating point unit (FPU) and a more expensive and significantly better quality 9.8 in (250 mm) active matrix display. It was replaced by the PowerBook 180 in 1992.

System 7
System 7 (later named Mac OS 7) is the seventh major release of the classic Mac OS operating system for Macintosh computers, made by Apple Computer. It was launched on May 13, 1991, to succeed System 6 with virtual memory, personal file sharing, QuickTime, TrueType fonts, the Force Quit dialog, and an improved user interface.

It was code-named "Big Bang" in development and the initial release was named "The System" or "System" like all earlier versions. With version 7.5.1, the name "Mac OS" debuted on the boot screen, and the operating system was officially renamed to Mac OS in 1997 with version 7.6. The Mac OS 7 line was the longest-lasting major version of the Classic Mac OSes due to the troubled development of Copland, an operating system intended to be the successor to OS 7 before its cancellation and replacement with Mac OS 8.
Danon Smash
Danon Smash (Japanese: ダノンスマッシュ foaled 6 March 2015) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his performances in sprint races. He won twice as a juvenile in 2017 and took two more races, including the Grade 3 Keihan Hai as a three-year-old the following year. In 2019 he began to emerge as a top-class sprinter as he recorded further Grade 3 victories in the Silk Road Stakes and the Keeneland Cup as well as running third in the Grade 1 Sprinters Stakes. He improved again as a five-year-old when he won the Ocean Stakes, Keio Hai Spring Cup and Centaur Stakes in Japan and the Group 1 Hong Kong Sprint in Hong Kong. On his first run of 2021 he won the Takamatsunomiya Kinen at the third attempt.

Going (horse racing)
Going (UK), track condition (US) or track rating (AUS) are the track surface of a horse racing track prior to a horse race or race meet. The going is determined by the amount of moisture in the ground and is assessed by an official steward on the day of the race.

The condition of a race track plays an important role in the performance of horses in a race. The factors that go into determining race track condition include the surface conditions, type of surface, and track configuration.  The surface conditions are influenced by the type of surface, factoring in soil type and whether the track is dirt, turf, or artificial surface, plus surface density, porosity, compaction, and moisture content.
Lynn Peterson (American politician)
Lynn Ann Peterson (born October 22, 1968) is an American politician in the U.S. state of Oregon serving as the council president of Metro. Metro is the only directly-elected regional government in the United States, and spans 24 cities in the Portland, Oregon three-county area, along with many unincorporated suburbs in the Portland metropolitan area.

Metro (Oregon regional government)
Metro is the regional government for the Oregon portion of the Portland metropolitan area, covering portions of Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington counties.  It is the only directly elected regional government and metropolitan planning organization in the United States. Metro is responsible for overseeing the Portland region's solid waste system, general planning of land use and transportation, maintaining certain regional parks and natural areas, and operating the Oregon Zoo, Oregon Convention Center, Portland's Centers for the Arts, and the Portland Expo Center.  It also distributes money from two voter-approved tax measures: one for homeless services and one for affordable housing.
Nordwolle
The Nordwolle or more correctly the Nordwolle museum or the Nordwestdeutsche Museum für IndustrieKultur is situated in and around the engine house of the former Norddeutsche Wollkämmerei & Kammgarnspinnerei in Delmenhorst. Nordwolle was a dominant company that processed wool and worsted, it closed between 1981 and 1984. The building and the factory housing is listed as a Denkmalschutz 
The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Factory Town
Factory Town is a concert venue in Hialeah, Florida, a suburb of Miami, located in an old abandoned factory. The venue is operated by Link Miami Rebels, which also owns and operates the nearby Club Space.
Torque limiter
A torque limiter is an automatic device that protects mechanical equipment, or its work, from damage by mechanical overload. A torque limiter may limit the torque by slipping (as in a friction plate slip-clutch), or uncouple the load entirely (as in a shear pin). The action of a torque limiter is especially useful to limit any damage due to crash stops and jams.

Torque limiters may be packaged as a shaft coupling or as a hub for sprocket or sheave. A torque limiting device is also known as an overload clutch.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Sinabad, West Azerbaijan
Sinabad (Persian: سين اباد, also Romanized as Sīnābād; in Armenian: Սինաւա) is a village in Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 459, in 66 families.

Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District
Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان صومائ جنوبي) is in Sumay-ye Beradust District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hashtian. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hovarsin.
Aquatic photosynthesis
Aquatic photosynthesis is the occurrence of photosynthesis in the aquatic environment, which includes the freshwater environment and the marine (saltwater) environment. Organisms that perform photosynthesis in the aquatic environment include plants, algae, cyanobacteria, coral, phytoplankton (also known as micro algae).

Half of the photosynthesis on Earth is occurring in the oceans.

Aquatic ecosystem
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic (slow moving water, including pools, ponds, and lakes); lotic (faster moving water, for example streams and rivers); and wetlands (areas where the soil is saturated or inundated for at least part of the time).
Maraṇasati
Maraṇasati (mindfulness of death, death awareness) is a Buddhist meditation practice of remembering (frequently keeping in mind) that death can strike at any time (AN 6.20), and that we should practice assiduously (appamada) and with urgency in every moment, even in the time it takes to draw one breath. Not being diligent every moment is called negligence by the Buddha (AN 6.19). In the earliest discourses of the Buddha, the term 'Maranasati' is only explicitly defined twice, in the two suttas AN 6.19 and AN 6.20.

Later Buddhist schools have expanded the meaning of 'maranasati' to include various visualization and contemplation techniques to meditate on the nature of death. The cultivation of Maranasati is said to be conducive to right effort, and also helpful in developing a sense of spiritual urgency (Saṃvega) and renunciation (Nekkhamma).

Appamāda
Apramāda (Sanskrit; Pali: appamāda; Tibetan Wylie: bag yod pa) is a Buddhist term translated as 'conscientious' or 'concern'. It is defined as taking great care concerning what should be adopted and what should be avoided. In the Pāli Canon, a collection of the Buddha's earliest teachings, the term appamāda is quite significant; the essence of its meaning cannot be captured with a single English word. 'Heedfulness', 'diligence', and 'conscientiousness' all capture certain aspects of appamāda. It is identified as one of the eleven virtuous mental factors in the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings.