hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greengate, London
Greengate is a neighbourhood located in Plaistow, in East London within the London Borough of Newham. A notable feature of the area is the Greengate House, previously the home to a YMCA and an Art college. The Barking Road runs nearby.

Historically, Greengate was in the ancient parish of West Ham, within the hundred of Becontree, and part of the historic county of Essex.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Microplane model for constitutive laws of materials
The microplane model, conceived in 1984, is a material constitutive model for progressive softening damage. Its advantage over the classical tensorial constitutive models is that it can capture the oriented nature of damage such as tensile cracking, slip, friction, and compression splitting, as well as the orientation of fiber reinforcement. Another advantage is that the anisotropy of materials such as gas shale or fiber composites can be effectively represented. To prevent unstable strain localization (and spurious mesh sensitivity in finite element computations), this model must be used in combination with some nonlocal continuum formulation (e.g., the crack band model). Prior to 2000, these advantages were outweighed by greater computational demands of the material subroutine, but thanks to huge increase of computer power, the microplane model is now routinely used in computer programs, even with tens of millions of finite elements.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Alpine skiing at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Men's combined
The Men's combined competition of the Nagano 1998  Olympics was held at Hakuba. The downhill was originally scheduled before the slalom runs, but weather delays meant that the slalom runs were run first.

The defending world champion was Kjetil André Aamodt of Norway, who was also the defending World Cup combined champion.

Alpine skiing at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine Skiing at the 1998 Winter Olympics consisted of ten alpine skiing events. The speed events were held at Hakuba and the technical events at Shiga Kogen. There were a number of race postponements due to weather; the events began on 10 February and ended on 21 February.
Web Application Description Language
The Web Application Description Language (WADL) is a machine-readable XML description of HTTP-based web services. WADL models the resources provided by a service and the relationships between them. WADL is intended to simplify the reuse of web services that are based on the existing HTTP architecture of the Web. It is platform and language independent and aims to promote reuse of applications beyond the basic use in a web browser.
WADL was submitted to the World Wide Web Consortium by Sun Microsystems on 31 August 2009, but the consortium has no current plans to standardize it. WADL is the REST equivalent of SOAP's Web Services Description Languages (WSDL), which can also be used to describe REST web services.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Barren ground shrew
The barren ground shrew (Sorex ugyunak) is a small shrew found in northern Canada west of Hudson Bay and in Alaska. At one time, this species was considered to be a subspecies of the similar cinereus shrew (S. cinereus). It is similar in appearance and thought to be closely related to the Saint Lawrence Island shrew (S. jacksoni) and Pribilof Island shrew (S. pribilofensis).

It is dark brown on its back with grey-brown sides and underparts; the tail is pale brown on top and light below with a light brown tip. Its body is about 8 cm (3.1 in) in length including a 3 cm (1.2 in) long tail. It weighs about 4 g (0.14 oz). This animal is found north of the tree line, in wet meadows or thickets in the tundra. It eats insects, small invertebrates and seeds.

The epithet name ugyunak is the Inuit word for "shrew".

Cinereus shrew
The cinereus shrew or masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) is a small shrew found in Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States. This is the most widely distributed shrew in North America, where it is also known as the common shrew.
Kita-ku, Saitama
Kita-ku (北区, Kita-ku) is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northwestern part of the city. As of 1 March 2021, the ward had an estimated population of 148,935 and a population density of 8800 persons per km². Its total area was 16.86 square kilometres (6.51 sq mi).

New Shuttle
The New Shuttle (ニューシャトル, Nyū Shatoru) is a manually driven rubber-tyred people mover system in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway company Saitama New Urban Transit Co., Ltd. (埼玉新都市交通株式会社, Saitama Shin Toshi Kōtsū Kabushiki-gaisha).

The 12.7-kilometre (7.9 mi) Ina Line (伊奈線, Ina-sen) that runs north from Ōmiya Station in Saitama, Saitama, alongside the Tohoku Shinkansen and Joetsu Shinkansen elevated high-speed lines through Ageo to Uchijuku Station in Ina in Saitama Prefecture in the Greater Tokyo Area is the only route that is run on the system. The line is double tracked from Ōmiya Station to Maruyama Station and single tracked from Maruyama to Uchijuku Station.

Saitama New Urban Transit is a kabushiki gaisha whose major shareholders include the East Japan Railway Company, Tobu Railway, banks, Saitama prefectural government, and the cities and the town served.
Storön
Storön or Storö are very common names and a number of Swedish islands bear them, both in the Stockholm archipelago and elsewhere around the coast.

Storö (in English "Big island" or "Large island") is an island located in the archipelago outside of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.

Storö is located just south of Ljusterö, and north of Värmdö. The Island hosts around 20 summer cottages, and is a popular summer refuge by its inhabitants. However, during winter time the cottages are commonly uninhabited and the island abandoned.

The length of Storön measured from its southern to its northern peak is roughly 1,900 meters, or 1,16 miles.

Värmdö (island)
Värmdö is an island in the innermost region of the Stockholm archipelago and covers an area of 181.40 km2, making it the largest island in the archipelago. Värmdö is after Gotland and Öland the third largest island on the eastern coast of Sweden.

Värmdö lies in Stockholm County.  Most of it forms part of Värmdö Municipality along with other islands, but the western end is part of Nacka Municipality, which lies mostly on the mainland, to which Värmdö is connected by a road bridge.

The UK-based Swedish television presenter Ulrika Jonsson has a home on the island.

The famous tennis player Björn Borg also has a house on the island, in the part that is called Djurö.

Artipelag is an international venue for art, culture, design that is located in Värmdö.
Koch–Ahom conflicts
The Koch–Ahom conflicts (1532–1571) refer to the diplomatic, strategic and military relationships between the Koch and the Ahom kingdoms over the control of the Brahmaputra Valley.  Though an initial contact between the Ahoms and Koch occurred during Biswa Singha's reign, the relationship became belligerent with Nara Narayana ascending to power and consolidating his hold over the western portion of Assam; and it ended with the failure of Chilarai's campaign against Sulaiman Karrani.  This was followed by an alliance that soon gave way to a fierce conflict between the Ahoms and the Mughals.

Nara Narayan
Naranarayan (r.  1554–1587) was the last ruler of the undivided Koch dynasty of the Kamata Kingdom. He succeeded his father, Biswa Singha. Under him the Koch kingdom reached its cultural and political zenith.  Under his rule, and under the military command of his brother Chilarai, he was able to subjugate the entire Brahmaputra Valley, including the Ahom kingdom; besides the Kachari, Tripura kingdoms, as well as the Khyrem, Jaintia and others. This influence was halted when he faced Suleman Karranni, the Sultan of Bengal.

He introduced a silver coin, called the Narayani, that greatly influenced the numismatics of Assam.
Sandymoor Ormiston Academy
Sandymoor Ormiston Academy is a coeducational secondary school located in the Parish of Sandymoor, Runcorn, Cheshire, England. The school originally opened as Sandymoor School, a free school, in September 2012 in temporary premises, and relocated to a new permanent home in 2014.

In December 2019, the school joined Ormiston Academies Trust and was renamed Sandymoor Ormiston Academy. The Principal, appointed in 2025, is Ms Linsey Hand.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
Iglesia de Santo Tomás
The Iglesia de Santo Tomás is a Roman Catholic church in Chichicastenango, Guatemala. It is located in the market place of the town which is known for its pottery and contains the Chichicastenango Regional Museum. It was built around 1545 atop a Pre-Columbian temple platform, and the steps originally leading to a temple of the pre-Hispanic Maya civilization remain venerated.  K'iche' Maya priests still use the church for their rituals, burning incense and candles. Each of the 18 stairs that lead up to the church stands for one month of the Maya calendar year. Another key element of Chichicastenango is the Cofradia of Pascual Abaj, which is an ancient carved stone venerated nearby and the Maya priests perform several rituals there. Writing on the stone records the doings of a king named Tohil (Fate).

Chichicastenango
Chichicastenango, also known as Santo Tomás Chichicastenango, is a town, with a population of 71,394 (2018 census), and the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name in the El Quiché department of Guatemala. It is located in a mountainous region about 140 km (87 mi) northwest of Guatemala City, at an altitude of 1,965 m (6,447 ft). The Spanish conquistadors gave the town its name from the Nahuatl name used by their allied soldiers from Tlaxcala: Tzitzicaztenanco, or City of Nettles. Its original name was Chaviar.

Chichicastenango is a K'iche' Maya cultural centre. According to the 2012 census, 98.5% of the municipality's population is indigenous Mayan K'iche. Of the population, 21% speak only K'iche, 71% speak both K'iche and Spanish, and the remaining 8% speak only Spanish.
1898 William & Mary Orange and White football team
The 1898 William & Mary Orange and White football team represented the College of William & Mary during the 1898 college football season. The season marked the first meeting between William & Mary and the University of Richmond, which later became known as the I-64 Bowl—so named for the highway between the two nearby schools—and eventually as the Capital Cup. Richmond won the inaugural contest 15–0.

1898 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1898 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as an independent during the 1898 college football season. Led by Oscar Lee Owens in his first and only year as head coach, Richmond compiled a record of 3–3–1.
Animal as Bridegroom
In folkloristics, "The Animal as Bridegroom" refers to a group of folk and fairy tales about a human woman marrying or being betrothed to an animal. The animal is revealed to be a human prince in disguise or under a curse. Most of these tales are grouped in the international system of Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index under type ATU 425, "The Search for the Lost Husband". Some subtypes exist in the international classification as independent stories, but they sometimes do not adhere to a fixed typing.

Rule of three (writing)
The rule of three is a writing principle which suggests that a trio of entities such as events or characters is more satisfying, effective, or humorous than other numbers, hence also more memorable, because it combines both brevity and rhythm with the smallest amount of information needed to create a pattern.

Slogans, film titles, and a variety of other things have been structured in threes, a tradition that grew out of oral storytelling and continues in narrative fiction. Examples include the Three Little Pigs, the Three Billy Goats Gruff, Goldilocks and the Three Bears, and the Three Musketeers. Similarly, adjectives are often grouped in threes to emphasize an idea.
Rachid Solh
Rachid Solh (Arabic: رشيد الصلح; 22 June 1926 – 27 June 2014) was a Lebanese politician and Prime Minister, kin of one of the most eminent Sunni Muslim families in the country several of whose members became prime ministers, and that was originally from Sidon but later moved its civil-records to Beirut.

Prime Minister of Lebanon
The prime minister of Lebanon (French: Premier ministre; Arabic: رئيس الحكومة, romanized: Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government.

By convention, the office holder is always a Sunni Muslim.

The current prime minister is Nawaf Salam. He was tasked by President Joseph Aoun to form the new government after mandatory parliamentary consultations on 13 January 2025, having received 84 out of 128 votes. The prime minister designate does not assume office until both he and the president sign an official decree forming the government as per article 64 of the Lebanese constitution. On 8 February 2025, the new government was formed and Nawaf Salam officially assumed his duties as prime minister of Lebanon.

The prime minister is assisted by the deputy prime minister of Lebanon, currently Tarek Mitri as of 8 February 2025.
Jay Dasilva
Jay Rhys Dasilva (born 22 April 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender/left-wing back for EFL Championship club Coventry City and the Wales national team. He was also capped 63 times as an England youth international at all levels (from U16 to U21).

2015–16 UEFA Youth League
The 2015–16 UEFA Youth League was the third season of the UEFA Youth League, a European youth club football competition organised by UEFA.

After a two-year trial period, the UEFA Youth League became a permanent UEFA competition starting from this season, with the tournament expanded from 32 to 64 teams.

Chelsea retained their title after defeating Paris Saint-Germain 2–1 in the final.
William Baer (lawyer)
William Joseph Baer (born May 31, 1950) is an American lawyer who served as the Assistant Attorney General for the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division under the administration of President Barack Obama. He is a partner at the American law firm Arnold & Porter, where he works in antitrust law and white collar defense. Since January 2020, Baer has been a visiting fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution.

United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division
The United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division is the division of the United States Department of Justice that enforces U.S. antitrust law. It has exclusive jurisdiction over federal criminal antitrust enforcement, and enforces civil antitrust law under the Sherman Act and Clayton Act. It shares civil antitrust jurisdiction with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
MAL-LAD
MAL-LAD, or MALLAD, also known as METAL-LAD or METALLAD, as well as 6-methallyl-6-nor-LSD, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).

The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor among others. It is also a dopamine receptor agonist, though unlike other lysergamides, does not show activity at the dopamine D1 and D5 receptors. MAL-LAD does not appear to have been assessed in animal tests of psychedelic-like activity such as drug discrimination.

MAL-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by Andrew Joseph Hoffman of the lab of David E. Nichols at Purdue University by 1987. It was subsequently further described by a group of researchers that included Nichols and other colleagues in 2025. The drug is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

Serotonin receptor agonist
A serotonin receptor agonist is an agonist of one or more serotonin receptors. They activate serotonin receptors in a manner similar to that of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors.
WALANT
WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet) is a technique that uses local anesthesia and hemostatic agent (e.g., 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, sometimes buffered with sodium bicarbonate) in hand surgery in unsedated patients. The absence of a tourniquet avoids tourniquet-related discomfort and complications, while the use of epinephrine provides vasoconstriction, resulting in a decreased blood loss that is suitable for most hand procedures. It is a safe, cost-effective, efficient, and widely accessible approach with a low complication rate. The technique allows the patient to remain fully awake and utilize active movement, which allows for intraoperative assessment of tendon function, fracture stability, or nerve decompression. Its exclusion of general anesthesia allows it to be done in an office or outpatient setting, which eliminates the need for operating room resources, anesthesia personnel, and post-anesthesia care units.

Local anesthesia
Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, i.e. local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well. It allows patients to undergo surgical and dental procedures with reduced pain and distress. In many situations, such as cesarean section, it is safer and therefore superior to general anesthesia.

The following terms are often used interchangeably:

Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.

Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm.

Conduction anesthesia encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques.
Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tokyo
The British Embassy, Tokyo (駐日英国大使館 Chūnichi Eikoku Taishikan) is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Japan, with the Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Japan being the chief of mission. The embassy compound measures about 35,000 m2, located at No 1 Ichibanchō, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (Japanese: 東京都千代田区一番町一), to the west of the Imperial Palace, and separated from the latter by a moat.

Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)
The Ministry of Works was a department of the UK Government formed in 1940, during the Second World War, to organise the requisitioning of property for wartime use. After the war, the ministry retained responsibility for government building projects.

In 1962 it was renamed the Ministry of Public Building and Works, and acquired the extra responsibility of monitoring the building industry as well as taking over the works departments from the War Office, Air Ministry and Admiralty. The chief architect of the ministry from 1951 to 1970 was Eric Bedford. In 1970 the ministry was absorbed into the Department of the Environment (DoE), although from 1972 most former works functions were transferred to the largely autonomous Property Services Agency (PSA). Subsequent reorganisation of PSA into Property Holdings was followed by abolition in 1996 when individual government departments took on responsibility for managing their own estate portfolios.
BMW 503
The BMW 503 is a two-door 2+2 gran turismo manufactured by German automaker BMW from 1956 until 1959. The company developed the 503, built in coupé and cabriolet body styles, alongside the 507 roadster. The 503 and 507 cost about twice their projected price and did not recover their development costs. During production from May 1956 to March 1959, 413 units of the 503 were built, 139 of which were Cabriolets.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Mood swing
A mood swing is an extreme or sudden change of mood. Such changes can play a positive or a disruptive part in promoting problem solving and in producing flexible forward planning. When mood swings are severe, they may be categorized as part of a mental illness, such as bipolar disorder, where erratic and disruptive mood swings are a defining feature.

To determine mental health problems, people usually use charting with papers, interviews, or smartphone to track their mood/affect/emotion. Furthermore, mood swings do not just fluctuate between mania and depression, but in some conditions, involve anxiety.

Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47.

The OFC is functionally related to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore, the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion, taste, smell and reward in decision-making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of humans. A related area is found in rodents.