hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.

Galaxy groups and clusters
Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation. They form the densest part of the large-scale structure of the Universe. In models for the gravitational formation of structure with cold dark matter, the smallest structures collapse first and eventually build the largest structures, clusters of galaxies. Clusters are then formed relatively recently between 10 billion years ago and now. Groups and clusters may contain ten to thousands of individual galaxies. The clusters themselves are often associated with larger, non-gravitationally bound, groups called superclusters.
Macrognathus
Macrognathus is a genus of eel-like fish of the family Mastacembelidae of the order Synbranchiformes.

These fish are distributed throughout most of South and Southeast Asia. Macrognathus species feed on small aquatic insect larvae as well as oligochaetes.

Mastacembelus
Mastacembelus is a genus of many species of spiny eel fish from the family Mastacembelidae. They are native to Africa (c. 45 species) and Asia (c. 15 species). Most are found in rivers and associated systems (even in rapids), but there are also species in other freshwater habitats and a particularly rich radiation is found in the Lake Tanganyika basin with 15 species (14 endemic). A few species can even occur in brackish water.
Hikigawa Prefectural Natural Park
Hikigawa Prefectural Natural Park (日置川県立自然公園, Hikigawa kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1971, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Shirahama and Tanabe. The park's central feature is the eponymous Hiki River (日置川).

Shirahama, Wakayama
Shirahama (白浜町, Shirahama-chō) is a town in Nishimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2021, the town had an estimated population of 20,704 in 11,024 households and a population density of 100 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 200.98 square kilometres (77.60 sq mi).
Amda Seyon I's expansions
Amda Seyon I's Expansions (1314–1344) were territorial expansions during the reign of Ethiopian Emperor Amda Seyon I. Motivated by religious, commercial, and territorial factors, Amda Seyon's first conquests were Gojjam and Hadiya in 1316, and the forced seizure of the Enderta Province, where there was resistance. The most important source for the military actions undertaken during his reign is G.W.B. Huntingford's translation of his Ge'ez chronicle, The Glorious Victories. This has also come to be the name for his conquests in modern times.

Dawaro
Dawaro or Doaro (Harari: ደዋሮ Dawāro) was a Muslim principality which laid near Hadiya. The state was originally independent until becoming a vassal and later a province due its subjugation by Emperor Amda Seyon I in the early 14th century. The region was situated east of Hadiya and north of Bali which covered much of Ethiopia's Arsi Province. The capital of Dawaro was called Sabboch. The area became prone to a tug of war between Muslim and Christian states in the Middle Ages.
Tolichowki
Tolichowki is a neighbourhood in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The name Tolichowki comes from the Urdu word 'Toli', meaning 'troupe', and 'Chowki', meaning 'post'. It is close to the IT corridor like Gachibowli, Madhapur, Manikonda and Kondapur, hence making it a preferred residential for people working in the IT industry. The real estate sector has received a boost due to its proximity to high-end technology firms. Tolichowki has also had a boost in the restaurant and fast food industry. It is known to attract many customers from all around due to having multi-cuisine meals all around the area. There has been an emergence of Arab cuisine in the area due to  Middle Eastern people's moving in the area for medical or academic purposes. This in return has improved Tolichowki's market value for foreigners.

Madhapur
Madhapur is a neighbourhood of Hyderabad, India. It is noted as a centre of information technology activity. The heart of this area is called HITEC City which has the highest concentration of IT/ITES establishments in the city. Located in Ranga Reddy district of Telangana, It is administered as Ward No. 107 of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.  Madhapur is within 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of the residential and commercial suburb of Jubilee Hills .
(Cyclopentadienyl)zirconium trichloride
(Cyclopentadienyl)zirconium trichloride is an organozirconium compound with the formula (C5H5)ZrCl3.  It a moisture-sensitive white solid.  The compound adopts a polymeric structure.  The compound has been well studied spectroscopically.

Organozirconium and organohafnium chemistry
Organozirconium chemistry is the science of exploring the properties, structure, and reactivity of organozirconium compounds, which are organometallic compounds containing chemical bonds between carbon and zirconium. Organozirconium compounds have been widely studied, in part because they are useful catalysts in Ziegler-Natta polymerization.
1852 Newfoundland general election
The 1852 Newfoundland general election was held on November 18, 1852 to elect members of the 5th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The Liberal Party maintained control of the House of Assembly. This was the last election to be held in Newfoundland prior to the introduction of responsible government in 1855.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Somatochlora hudsonica
Somatochlora hudsonica, the Hudsonian emerald, is a species of emerald dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is found in North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Somatochlora hudsonica is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable.

Corduliidae
Corduliidae, also knowns as the emeralds, emerald dragonflies, or green-eyed skimmers, is a family of dragonflies. These dragonflies are usually black or dark brown with areas of metallic green or yellow, and most of them have large, emerald-green eyes. The larvae are black, hairy-looking, and usually semiaquatic. This family include species called "baskettails", "emeralds", "sundragons", "shadowdragons", and "boghaunters". They are not uncommon and are found nearly worldwide, but some individual species are quite rare. Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana), for example, is an endangered species in the United States.

Corduliidae are known to occasionally take quantities of their eggs at the tip of their stomach, before then sticking their eggs in mud or water using a sprout-like appendage that extends from their abdomens.
Baaji (1963 film)
Baaji is a 1963 Pakistani musical romance film directed by S. Suleman. The film features Nayyar Sultana in the title role with Darpan, Zeba, Agha Talish and Lehri in pivotal roles. The music of the film's soundtrack was composed by Saleem Iqbal. Baaji depicts the frustrations of a young widow due to her increasing age.

The film didn't perform well at box office but received appreciable reviews, primarily due to Sultana's performance. In 2018, the film was selected to screen at Lok Virsa Museum. It received 5 awards at 1963 Nigar Awards, including Best film.

S. Suleman
Syed Suleman (29 December 1938 – 14 April 2021), also known as S. Suleman or Sullu Bhai, was a Pakistani film director. He also appeared in Bollywood films with minor roles before migrating to Pakistan and after migration, he directed around forty-eight films in Pakistan film industry, including two Punjabi films between 1961 and 1998.

He made his acting debut with an Indian film Mela playing the younger role of Dilip Kumar. He made his directorial debut with Gulfam (1961) while his last film as a director is Very Good Dunya Very Bad Log (1998). Zeenat (1975) is the first film of Suleman which helped him to earn his first Nigar Awards — Best Director. He also directed Urdu TV serials after leaving Pakistan film industry.
Wendy Flavell
Wendy Ruth Flavell CChem CPhys FInstP (born 1 September 1961) is Vice Dean for Research and a Professor of Surface Physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. Her research investigates the electronic structure of complex metal oxides, chalcogenides, photoemission and photovoltaics.

Fellow of the Institute of Physics
Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) is "the highest level of membership attainable" by physicists who are members of the Institute of Physics (IOP), "for those with a degree in physics or related subject (or equivalent knowledge gained in the workplace) and who have made a significant impact on their sector"; it is for "distinguished physicists in recognition of their accomplishments".

Honorary Fellowship (HonFInstP) is for "exceptional individuals" who can be nominated in recognition of having "contributed to physics generally or to the work of the IOP", working in fields including business, education, research, and policy relating to physics. The Institute's bye-laws limit the number of fellows in this category to being not more than 100 living Honorary Fellows at any one time.
Volodymyr Troshkin
Volodymyr Mykolayovych Troshkin (Ukrainian: Володимир Миколайович Трошкін, Russian: Владимир Николаевич Трошкин; 28 September 1947 – 5 July 2020) was a Ukrainian footballer and coach. He was considered by many to be the best right back in 1970s in Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR). He was born in Yenakiieve.

Following retirement from playing and coaching career, Troshkin worked as a football functionary in the Ukrainian Association of Football (FFU/UAF) and the Ukrainian Association of Football Veterans. In Ukrainian Association of Football he headed a committee on players' status and transfers.

UEFA Euro 1972
The 1972 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth UEFA European Championship, held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

Only four countries played in the final tournament, with the tournament consisting of the semi-finals, a third place play-off, and the final.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round, which meant all teams had to participate in the qualification process for the final stage. Belgium was chosen among three candidates; the other bids came from England and Italy, whose teams did not reach the semi-finals.

West Germany won the tournament, beating the Soviet Union 3–0 in the final, with goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.
Valle di Cadore
Valle di Cadore is a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 110 km (68 mi) north of Venice and about 35 km (22 mi) northeast of Belluno.

Valle is part of the Cadore Valley, not far from the Antelao peak, 3,264 metres (10,709 ft) above sea level. The main attraction is the Renaissance Palazzo Costantini Lanza.

Belluno
Belluno (Italian pronunciation: [belˈluːno] ⓘ; Ladin: Belum; Venetian: Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomites region. With a population of 35,543, it is the largest populated area of Valbelluna, and the 12th-largest municipality of Veneto.

It is one of the 15 municipalities of the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park.
Peter Wyse Jackson
Peter Sherlock Wyse Jackson (born 7 June 1955) is an Irish botanist and environmentalist. He is the former president of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and holder of the George Engelmann chair in botany at Washington University in St. Louis.

Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.
Margherita Maria Farnese
Margherita Maria Farnese (24 November 1664 – 17 June 1718) was an Italian noblewoman born into the House of Farnese. She was the Duchess of Modena and Reggio by marriage to her first cousin Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena. Her niece was Elisabeth Farnese, wife of Philip V of Spain.

House of Farnese
The House of Farnese (/fɑːrˈneɪzi, -zeɪ/, also US: /-eɪsi/, Italian: [farˈneːze, -eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy. The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family.

Its most important members included Pope Paul III, Alessandro Farnese (a cardinal), Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (a military commander and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands), and Elisabeth Farnese, who became Queen of Spain and whose legacy was brought to her Bourbon descendants.

A number of important architectural works and antiquities are associated with the Farnese family, either through construction or acquisition. Buildings include the Palazzo Farnese in Rome and the Villa Farnese at Caprarola, and ancient artifacts include the Farnese Marbles.
Nankana Sahib–Sangla Hill Road
Nankana Sahib-Sangla Hill Road (Punjabi, Urdu: ننكانہ صاحِب – سانگلہ ہِل سڑک), also known locally as Shahkot Sangla Road is a provincially maintained road in Punjab that extends from Nankana Sahib to Sangla Hill.

Road is under-construction from Shahkot to Sangla Hill.

Provincial highways of Punjab
The Provincial Highways of Punjab are all public highways maintained by the Punjab Highway Department in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The highway department under the Department of Transportation maintains over 38,000 kilometres (24,000 mi) of roadways organised into various classifications which crisscross the province and provide access to major population centres. These are not to be confused with national highways which are federal roads maintained by the Government of Pakistan and the National Highway Authority.
The Natural (film)
The Natural is a 1984 American sports drama film based on Bernard Malamud's 1952 novel of the same name, directed by Barry Levinson, and starring Robert Redford, Robert Duvall, Glenn Close, Kim Basinger, Wilford Brimley, Barbara Hershey, Robert Prosky and Richard Farnsworth. Like the novel, the film recounts the experiences of Roy Hobbs, an individual with great "natural" baseball talent, spanning the decades of Roy's career. In direct contrast to the novel, the film ends on a positive tone. It was the first film produced by TriStar Pictures.

The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actress (Close), and it was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress (Basinger). Many of the baseball scenes were filmed in 1983 at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York, built in 1937 and demolished in 1988. All-High Stadium, also in Buffalo, stood in for Chicago's Wrigley Field in a key scene.

Bob Costas
Robert Quinlan Costas (born March 22, 1952) is an American sportscaster for MLB Network and NBC Sports. He is well known for his time with NBC Sports, where he worked from 1980 through 2019, and again since 2026. He has received 29 Emmy awards for his work and was the prime-time host of 12 Olympic Games from 1988 until 2016. He is also currently employed by Warner Bros. Discovery, where he is a political commentator for CNN.
Film transition
A film transition is a technique used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing by which scenes or shots are combined.  Most commonly this is through a normal cut to the next shot. Most films will also include selective use of other transitions, usually to convey a tone or mood, suggest the passage of time, or separate parts of the story. These other transitions may include dissolves, L cuts, fades (usually to black), match cuts, and wipes.

Film frame
In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture. The term is derived from the historical development of film stock, in which the sequentially recorded single images look like a framed picture when examined individually.

The term may also be used more generally as a noun or verb to refer to the edges of the image as seen in a camera viewfinder or projected on a screen. Thus, the camera operator can be said to keep a car in frame by panning with it as it speeds past.
Paradou AC in African football
Paradou AC, an Algerian professional association football club, has gained entry to Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions on several occasions. They have represented Algeria in the Confederation Cup on one occasion.

Paradou AC
Paradou Athletic Club (Arabic: نادي أتليتيك بارادو), known as Paradou AC or simply PAC for short, is an Algerian football club based in Algiers. The club was founded in 1994 by members of the Hydra AC junior team, the club colours are blue and yellow. Their home stadium, Ahmed Fellak Stadium, has a capacity of some 5,000 spectators but the club receives its opponents in Omar Benrabah Stadium. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

In May 2017, Paradou AC returned to the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 after a 10 years absence.
1860 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1860 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on August 6, 1860, and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Claiborne Fox Jackson.  Jackson defeated the nominee of the Constitutional Union Party, Sample Orr, and Southern "Brekenridge" Democrat Former Gov. Hancock Lee Jackson to become the fifteenth governor of Missouri. Republican James B. Gardenhire also ran in the election, but received a negligible number of votes, despite Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, receiving 10% of the statewide vote in the presidential race.

Before the next election in 1864, three men would serve as Governor of Missouri: first, Claiborne Fox Jackson until his defection to the Confederacy in July 1861, then Hamilton Rowan Gamble until his death in January 1864, and finally Lt. Gov Willard Preble Hall.

1864 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1864 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1864, and resulted in a victory for the Radical Republican nominee, Thomas Clement Fletcher, over Democratic nominee former Congressman (and former Lt. Gov.) Thomas Lawson Price. Conducted during the Civil War, all voters were required to take an oath of loyalty to the Union in order to cast their votes, greatly advantaging Fletcher. Simultaneously, the state called a constitutional convention to abolish slavery.
1017 Jacqueline
1017 Jacqueline (prov. designation: A924 CH or 1924 QL) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 February 1924, by Russian-French astronomer Benjamin Jekhowsky at the Algiers Observatory, Algeria, in North Africa. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.87 hours with a high brightness amplitude of 0.6 magnitude and measures approximately 39 kilometers (24 miles) in diameter. It was named after the French physicist and long-time pupil of the discoverer, Jacqueline Zadoc-Kahn Eisenmann (1904–1998).

Benjamin Jekhowsky
Benjamin Jekhowsky (Russian: Вениамин Павлович Жеховский; born 1881 in Saint-Petersburg, Russia – died in 1975, Encausse-les-Thermes, France) was a Russian-French astronomer, born in Saint-Petersburg in a noble family of a Russian railroad official.

After attending Moscow University, he worked at the Paris Observatory beginning in 1912.  Later he worked at the Algiers Observatory (at the time, Algeria was a colony of France), where he became known as a specialist in celestial mechanics. After 1934, he appears to have begun signing scientific articles as Benjamin de Jekhowsky. The Minor Planet Center credits his discoveries under the name "B. Jekhovsky" (with a v). In modern English transliteration, his name would be written as Zhekhovskii or Zhekhovsky.

He discovered 12 numbered minor planets, made more than 190 scientific publications and the asteroid 1606 Jekhovsky is named after him.
Ohlenbüttel
Ohlenbüttel (German pronunciation: [ˈoːlənˌbʏtl̩] ⓘ; Low German: Ömbüddel) is a village in the municipality of Neu Wulmstorf in the district of Harburg in the north east of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.

Harburg (district)
District Harburg is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It takes its name from the town of Harburg upon Elbe, which used to be the capital of the district but is now part of Hamburg and therefore no longer within the district. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Lüneburg, Heidekreis, Rotenburg (Wümme) and Stade, by the City of Hamburg and the State of Schleswig-Holstein (District of Lauenburg).
Raetia Prima
Raetia Prima was a province of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity, which was created in the early fourth century AD in Diocletian's Reforms by dividing the province of Raetia. It is possible but not proven that the capital was Curia Raetorum (modern Chur).

Raetia Curiensis
Raetia Curiensis (in Latin; German: Churrätien, Romansh: Currezia) was an early medieval province in Central Europe, named after the preceding Roman province of Raetia prima which retained its Romansh culture during the Migration Period, while the adjacent territories in the north were largely settled by Alemannic tribes. The administrative capital was Chur (Curia Raetorum) in the present Swiss canton of Grisons.
Werrikimbe National Park
The Werrikimbe National Park is a protected national park located in the catchment zone of the Upper Hastings River in New South Wales, Australia. Gazetted in 1975, the 33,309-hectare (82,310-acre) park is situated approximately 486 kilometres (302 mi) north of Sydney, 65 kilometres (40 mi) north-west of Wauchope,  and 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Walcha on the eastern escarpment of the Great Dividing Range.

The park is part of the Hastings-Macleay group World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.

Philotheca myoporoides
Philotheca myoporoides, commonly known as long-leaf wax flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a shrub with sessile, oblong to egg-shaped, glandular-warty leaves and white to pink flowers arranged singly in leaf axils. Prior to 1998 it was known as Eriostemon myoporoides.