hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relief of Ladysmith
The Relief of Ladysmith consisted of multiple efforts to relieve the city of Ladysmith by General Sir Redvers Buller during the Second Boer War. Buller and the Natal Field Force attempted to relieve the city through multiple offensive actions. The city had been under siege since 2 November, 1899, and Britain had sent General Buller to relieve the city. After consolidating his Forces at Estcourt through most of November and early December, he began his relief of the city. The attempts to relieve the city started on 15 December at the Second Battle of Colenso, in which the British forces were repelled by the Boers on the Tugela River. The next two attempts were repulsed by the Boers (Spion Kop and Vaal Krantz), however at the Battle of Pieters Hill in February 1900, the Boers were eventually beaten from the city and forced to withdraw to Botha's Pass near Newcastle. Buller and his Forces entered the city on February 28, 1900, officially ending the Siege of Ladysmith.

Tugela River
The Tugela River (Zulu: Thukela; Afrikaans: Tugelarivier) is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. With a total length of 560 km (350 mi), and a drop of 1 370 metres in the lower 480 km, it is one of the most important rivers of the country.

The river originates in Mont-aux-Sources of the Drakensberg Mountains at an elevation of 3 282 metres and plunges in five distinct free-leaping falls 947 metres down the Tugela Falls. The Mont-aux-Sources is also the origin of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange and the Caledon River. From the Drakensberg range, the Tugela follows a 560 km (350 mi) route through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean. The total catchment area is approximately 29,100 km2 (11,200 sq mi). Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry.
Sport in Croatia
Sport in Croatia (Croatian: Sport u Hrvatskoj) has significant role in Croatian culture, and many local sports clubs as well as the Croatian national squads enjoy strong followings in the country. The most enduring sport by far in Croatia is football, and is played on amateur and professional levels amongst all age groups across the entire country. Several other major team sports are handball, basketball and water polo, with clubs in all parts of Croatia. Ice hockey is another popular team sport, namely in the Croatian interior. The most popular individual sports in Croatia are tennis, alpine skiing, and swimming, and to some extent table tennis and chess. Various amateur sport games are popular in Croatia, notably picigin.

European Shooting Championships
The European Shooting Championships are the continental championships for ISSF sport shooting disciplines in Europe, including 10m air rifle and air pistol, cartridge rifle (50m and 300m) and pistol (25m and 50m). Sometimes the competition also includes trap shooting, skeet and running target shooting events, usually organized in special championships.

The championships are organised by the European Shooting Confederation (ESC) with the support of the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF).

The first edition of the championships took place in 1955 in Bucharest. It takes place biennially, but every year 2-4 special championships held for European countries in separate shooting disciplines.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Shooting Confederation stripped Russia of its right to host the 2022 European Shooting Championships in the 25m, 50m, 300m, running target and shotgun.
Semer, Suffolk
Semer is a small village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. Located adjacent to a bridge over the River Brett on the B1115 between Hadleigh and Stowmarket, it is part of Babergh district. The parish also contains the hamlets of Ash Street and Drakestone Green.

The parish was recorded in the 2011 census as having a population of 130, down from 158 in the previous census.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet
Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet (23 September 1749 – 24 July 1789) was a British politician and landowner who represented Shropshire and Denbighshire in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1772 to 1789. The Williams-Wynn baronets had been begun in 1688 by the politician Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, but had inherited, in the time of the 3rd baronet, Sir Watkin's father, the estates of the Wynn baronets, and changed their name to reflect this.

Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, of Gray's Inn
Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet (1634 – 11 July 1700) was a Welsh lawyer and politician. He served as a Member of Parliament for Chester and later Beaumaris, and was appointed Speaker for two English Parliaments during the reign of Charles II. He later served as Solicitor General during the reign of James II. Williams had a bitter personal and professional rivalry with Judge Jeffreys (the hanging judge).
Texas's 1st Senate district
District 1 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that serves all of Bowie, Camp, Cass, Delta, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Lamar, Marion, Morris, Panola, Red River, Rusk, Smith, Titus, Upshur, and Wood counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The current senator from District 1 is Bryan Hughes.

Morris County, Texas
Morris County is a county located near the eastern border of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,973. Its county seat is Daingerfield. Morris County is probably named for William Wright Morris, an early judge and planter from Henderson, also in northeast Texas. As of 2016, Morris County is no longer one of six entirely dry, prohibition counties in the state of Texas. Morris County is "partially wet."
Cappry, County Donegal
Cappry (Irish: Cabraigh), also known as Cappry Lane, is a townland in the Finn Valley area of County Donegal in Ireland. It is to the west of the town of Ballybofey within the electoral division of Dooish. It is also in the civil and Catholic parishes of Stranorlar. Cappry townland lies on the N15 road (Donegal Road) between Ballybofey and Barnesmore.

Stranorlar
Stranorlar (Irish: Srath an Urláir) is a town, townland and civil parish in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, in Ireland. Stranorlar and Ballybofey (located on the other side of the River Finn) form the twin towns of Ballybofey–Stranorlar.
Shō Shō
Shō Shō (尚昌, Shō Shō, 17 September 1888 – 19 June 1923), was the head of the Shō family, the former Ryukyuan royal family, and upon his father's death in 1920, he became head of the family and inherited the title of Marquess. Like most members of the kazoku system of peerage, and all heads of the Shō family since the abolition of the Ryukyu Kingdom, he lived in Tokyo for his whole life. He died in June 1923, and was succeeded by his son, Hiroshi Shō.

Kazoku
The Kazoku (華族, "Magnificent/Exalted lineage"; IPA: [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟]) was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (daimyō) and court nobles (kuge) into one system modelled after the British peerage. Distinguished military officers, politicians, and scholars were occasionally ennobled as (新華族, shin kazoku, 'the newly ennobled'), until the country's defeat in the Second World War in 1945. The system was abolished with the 1947 constitution, which prohibited any form of aristocracy under it, but kazoku descendants still form the core of the traditional upper class in the country's society, distinct from the nouveau riche.

Kazoku (華族) should not be confused with kazoku (家族), which is pronounced the same in Japanese, but written with a different first character, meaning "immediate family" (as in the film Kazoku above).
Patiala Ki Rao
30°42′00″N 76°40′07″E﻿ / ﻿30.699890°N 76.668486°E﻿ / 30.699890; 76.668486
The Patiala Ki Rao is a seasonal stream that originates in Shivalik Hills, Punjab, enters Chandigarh then to Mohali and later merges into the Ghaggar River. The stream runs across Fateh Burj at Chappar Chiri. It is one of the seasonal rivulets amongst others in Chandigarh, which include Sukhna Choe in the East and N Choe  in the West.

Mohali
Mohali, officially Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar or  Ajitgarh, is a planned city in the Mohali district in Punjab, India, which is an administrative and a commercial hub lying south-west of Chandigarh. It is the headquarters of the Mohali district and one of the six Municipal Corporations of the State. It is officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh.

Mohali has developed rapidly as an IT hub of the state of Punjab, and has thus grown in importance. 
The Government of Punjab has initiated significant infrastructure and recreation projects in attempts to increase the standard of living in Mohali. Roads have been built to create networks between Mohali and Chandigarh International Airport to boost its international connectivity.

Mohali was earlier a part of the Rupnagar district and was carved out and made a part of a separate district in 2006.
Lashany, Minsk region
Lashany (Belarusian: Лашаны, romanized: Lašany; Russian: Лошаны, romanized: Loshany) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Lashany rural council. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of the capital Minsk. In 1998, it had a population of 539. In 2010, it had a population of 654.

Minsk district
Minsk district (Belarusian: Мінскі раён; Russian: Минский район) is a district (raion) of Belarus in Minsk region. The administrative center is the capital Minsk, which is administratively separated from the district and region. As of 2024, it has a population of 274,990. The most populous town in the district is Zaslawye.
Angel Araneta Ledesma Ancestral House
The Angel Araneta Ledesma Ancestral House is one of the heritage houses  in Silay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines belonging to Angel Araneta Ledesma and his wife Rizalina Javelona Lopez. Also known as Balay Verde  (lit. 'Green House'), it is strategically located along Plaridel Street, near the Silay City Hall, the San Diego Pro-cathedral, Police Department, and the Puericulture Center.

San Diego Pro-Cathedral, Silay
San Diego Pro-cathedral, formerly known as San Diego Parish Church or St. Didacus Parish Church before its declaration as a pro-cathedral in 1994, is an early 20th-century Roman Catholic church in Silay City, Negros Occidental in the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Bacolod. It is currently the only pro-cathedral in the country and is unique in Negros Occidental for being the only church in the province featuring a cupola or dome.
NGC 3697
NGC 3697 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Leo. It was discovered on 24 February 1827 by John Herschel. It was described as "extremely faint, very small, extended 90°" by John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue. It is a member of HCG 53, a compact group of galaxies.

One supernova, SN 2020aavb (type Ia, mag. 16), was discovered in NGC 3697 on 23 November 2020.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Jennifer Wooden
Jennifer Lisa Wooden (ウーデン・ジェニファー・里沙, Uden Jenifa Risa, born September 25, 1995) is a Japanese television announcer for the Akita Broadcasting System in Akita. She was born to a Japanese mother and an Australian father in Tokyo. She earned her academic degree in Economics from Keio University and served as a Chuo-ku Sightseeing ambassador in 2016.

Akita Broadcasting System
Akita Broadcasting System, Inc. (株式会社秋田放送, Kabushikigaisha Akitahōsō; ABS) is a Japanese broadcaster in Akita Prefecture. Its radio station is affiliated with Japan Radio Network (JRN) and National Radio Network (NRN), and its TV station is affiliated with Nippon News Network (NNN) and Nippon TV Network System (NNS).

In 2021, all broadcasters in Japan will be transitioning their radio services from AM broadcasting to FM broadcasting to alleviate the burden of costs in operating 2 different frequencies. Due to vast, sparsely populated areas, where AM signals propagate properly than FM signals, Akita Broadcasting, and the Sapporo-based stations (Hokkaido Broadcasting & STVradio) will not participate in the transition from AM to FM.
Beijing Astronomical Observatory
Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) is an observatory in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It was founded in 1958 and is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The observatory comprises 5 observing stations. The principal observing site for optical and infrared is Xinglong Station in Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei Province, which is around 150 kilometres northeast of Beijing.

Xinglong Station (NAOC)
Xinglong Station (simplified Chinese: 兴隆观测基地; traditional Chinese: 興隆觀測基地; pinyin: Xīnglóng Guāncè Jīdì) is an observatory (IAU code 327) situated south of the main peak of the Yan Mountains in Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei province, China. Installed are seven telescopes: a Mark-III photoelectric astrolabe; a 60 cm reflector; an 85 cm reflector; a 60/90 cm Schmidt telescope; a 1.26-meter infrared telescope; and a 2.16-meter telescope. The most recent telescope is the 4m LAMOST. As of 2014 the observatory installed a 5.2-meter telescope as part of their Gamma-ray astronomy program, known colloquially as Sām Tām for its aggressive focal length. It is a popular tourist site.
The Bad Shepherds
The Bad Shepherds were an English folk punk band, formed by the comedian Adrian Edmondson in 2008. They played folk punk songs with traditional folk instruments. The band primarily consisted of Edmondson (vocals, mandolins, mandola) and Troy Donockley (uilleann pipes, cittern, whistles, vocals).

Steeleye Span
Steeleye Span are a British folk rock band formed in 1969 in England by Fairport Convention bass player Ashley Hutchings and established London folk club duo Tim Hart and Maddy Prior. The band were part of the 1970s British folk revival, and were commercially successful in that period, with four Top 40 albums and two hit singles: "Gaudete" and "All Around My Hat".

Steeleye Span have seen many personnel changes, with Maddy Prior being the only remaining original member of the band. Their musical repertoire consists of mostly traditional songs with one or two instrumental tracks of jigs and/or reels added; the traditional songs often include some of the Child Ballads. In their later albums there has been an increased tendency to include music written by the band members, but they have never moved completely away from traditional music, which draws upon pan-British traditions.
Clos (vineyard)
A clos (French 'enclosure') is a walled vineyard. Walled vineyards protected the grapes from theft and may improve the mesoclimate. They were often the vineyards of Cistercian monasteries. The word is often used in the name of famous wines even when the wall no longer exists.

Regional climate levels in viticulture
In viticulture, there are several levels of regional climates that are used to describe the terroir or immutable characteristics of an area. These levels can be as broad as a macroclimate which includes entire wine regions or as small as a microclimate which includes the unique environment around an individual grapevine. In the middle is the mesoclimate which usually describes the characteristics of a particular vineyard site.
Balmoral Bathers Pavilion
The Balmoral Bathers Pavilion is a heritage-listed former bathers' pavilion and now retail building, cafe and restaurant located at The Esplanade, Balmoral,  New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia. It was designed by Alfred H. Hale, the Mosman Council Architect and Building Surveyor and built from 1928 to 1929 by Girvan Brothers, Master Builders. The property is owned by Mosman Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Bondi Pavilion
33°53′24.64″S 151°16′37.51″E﻿ / ﻿33.8901778°S 151.2770861°E﻿ / -33.8901778; 151.2770861

The Bondi Surf Pavilion is a beachside banqueting house in Bondi Beach, an eastern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is an outstanding beach cultural icon of Australia, together with the beach, park and surf lifesaving club. The structure is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register 01786 as well as by Waverley Council.  The building has also been listed by the Heritage Council. According to the National Trust it "has come to represent the Australian culture of beach bathing and outdoors living".

The pavilion was constructed in 1928–29, and is managed by Waverley Council. It includes the Bondi Pavilion Theatre, opened in 1974.
Huílóng, Zhongjiang County
Huilong (simplified Chinese: 回龙; traditional Chinese: 回龍; pinyin: Huílóng) is a town of Zhongjiang County in northeastern Sichuan province, China, situated 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) east-southeast of the county seat and 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Deyang as the crow flies. As of 2011, it has two residential communities (社区) and 29 villages under its administration.

Zhongjiang County
Zhongjiang County (simplified Chinese: 中江县; traditional Chinese: 中江縣; pinyin: Zhōngjiāng Xiàn) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Deyang.
Petronilla, Countess of Bigorre
Petronilla of Bigorre or Petronilla of Comminges (c. 1184–1251) was ruling Countess of Bigorre between 1194 and 1251. She was the only child of Bernard IV, Count of Comminges, and his wife Stephanie-Beatrice IV, Countess of Bigorre. Petronilla succeeded her mother in 1194 as Countess of Bigorre; she was also Viscountess of Marsan and Nébouzan through further successions. She reigned as countess for fifty-seven years, in which time she was married five times.

Count of Foix
The Count of Foix ruled the County of Foix, in what is now Southern France, during the Middle Ages. The House of Foix eventually extended its power across the Pyrenees mountain range, joining the House of Bearn and moving their court to Pau in Béarn. Count Francis Phoebus became King of Navarre in 1479. The last count was King Henry III of Navarre, after whose accession to the French throne the county entered the French royal domain.

To this day, the president of France is considered an unofficial successor of the count (as the current ruler of the French state) as co-prince of Andorra.
Vorupør
Vorupør is a coastal parish in the district of Thy on the North Sea coast of Jutland, Denmark. The major and northern settlement, Nørre Vorupør, has a population of 591 (1 January 2025) while Sønder Vorupør 2 km further south is much smaller. Vorupør is situated in Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region.

While the traditional occupation was fishery, it is today mainly a small-scale tourist resort, known for its beaches, nature and relative unspoiltness, as compared to other resorts. Vorupør is situated in the middle of the Thy National Park which was inaugurated in 2008, however, the vast dune and heath areas surrounding the village have been protected areas for some decades.

During World War II, a RAF Avro Lancaster was shot down by a German night fighter just east of Norre Vorupør and crashed in the small lake of Ålvand.

Thisted Municipality
Thisted Municipality (Danish: Thisted Kommune) is a kommune in North Jutland Region, Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 1,072 km2, and has a total population of 42,698 (2025). The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Thisted.

On 1 January 2007 Thisted municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with Hanstholm and Sydthy municipalities to form a new Thisted municipality.
Vinča
Vinča (Serbian Cyrillic: Винча, pronounced [ʋîːntʃa]) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, Serbia. It is part of the municipality of Grocka. Vinča-Belo Brdo, an important archaeological site that gives its name to the Neolithic Vinča culture, is located in the village.

Smederevo
Smederevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Смедерево, pronounced [smêdereʋo] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Podunavlje District in eastern Serbia. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube, about 45 kilometres (28 miles) downstream of the Serbian capital, Belgrade.

According to the 2022 census, the city has a population of 59,261, with 97,930 people living in its administrative area.

Its history starts in the 1st century BC, after the conquest of the Roman Empire, when there existed a settlement by the name of Vinceia. The modern city traces its roots back to the Late Middle Ages when it was the capital (1430–39, and 1444–59) of the last independent Serbian state before Ottoman conquest.

Smederevo is said to be the city of iron (гвожђе / gvožđe) and grapes (грожђе / grožđe).
2010 Cameron Highlands bus crash
The 2010 Cameron Highlands bus crash was, until 2013, the worst road accident in Malaysian history. Twenty-seven passengers of the double-decked coach bus, mostly Thai tourists, were killed in the accident which took place near Cameron Highlands of the Perak-Pahang border. It occurred on 20 December 2010 at approximately 11:40 am, when the bus driver, Omar Shahidan, lost control of the bus as it was going down an incline and it crashed into a rocky slope at 150 kilometres an hour, off the Second East-West Highway.

2013 Genting Highlands bus crash
The 2013 Genting Highlands bus crash was the deadliest road accident to occur in Malaysia. 37 passengers were killed, and 16 others were injured in the crash which took place near Chin Swee Temple, Genting Highlands, Pahang. It occurred on 21 August 2013 at 2:15 pm, when the bus carrying 53 passengers lost control as it was going down an incline and it plunged into a deep ravine at about 60 metres at the kilometre 3.5 of the Genting Sempah-Genting Highlands Highway. The bus driver, Lim Kok Ho, died on the spot.

The site of crash was about 10m after an escape ramp directly in the path of the bus.

An independent review of the crash cited six contributing factors, including excessive speed and poor bus maintenance.
2018 Israel State Cup final
The 2018 Israel State Cup final decided the winner of the 2017–18 Israel State Cup, the 82nd season of Israel's main football cup. It will be played on  9 May 2018 at the Teddy Stadium in Jerusalem, between Beitar Jerusalem and Hapoel Haifa.

2017–18 Israel State Cup
The 2017–18 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 79th season of Israel's nationwide Association football cup competition and the 64th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition commenced in September 2017.