hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Food and the Scottish royal household
Records survive of the expenses made to feed the Scottish royal household in the sixteenth century, and the remains of royal kitchens can be seen in the ruins of palaces and castles. Archaeologists can recover evidence of diet from deposits including waste from meals and food preparation.

Barbara Hamilton (courtier)
Barbara Hamilton (died 1577) was a Scottish courtier.

Barbara Hamilton was the eldest daughter of James Hamilton, Earl of Arran and Margaret Douglas. Her father was the Regent of Scotland from 1543 to 1554.
Member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations.

WIPO currently has 194 member states. 190 of the UN Members as well as the Holy See, Niue and the Cook Islands are Members of WIPO. Non-members are the states of Palau, South Sudan, and the states with limited recognition. Palestine has observer status.

Member states of the United Nations
The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization. All members have equal representation in the United Nations General Assembly.

The Charter of the United Nations defines the rules for admission of member states. Membership is open to all states which accept certain terms of the charter and are able to carry them out. New members must be recommended by the United Nations Security Council. In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to be observer states at the UN General Assembly. A member state that has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter can be expelled from the United Nations.
Nanumba District
Nanumba District is a former district that was located in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988. However on 27 August 2004, it was split off into two new districts: Nanumba North District (which it was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 15 March 2018; capital: Bimbilla) and Nanumba South District (capital: Wulensi). The district assembly was located in the southern part of Northern Region and had Bimbilla as its capital town.

Bimbilla
Bimbilla is the capital town of Nanumba North District, a district in the Northern Region of Ghana. It is located in the East of the region, and is near the Oti River. The location is situated within the range of 8.5° north to 9.25° north latitude, and between 0.57° east to 0.5° east longitude. It borders five municipalities: Yendi Municipal to the north, Mion Municipal to the northwest, East Gonja Municipal to the west and southwest, Nanumba South Municipal to the south and east, and Zabzugu Municipal to the north-northeast.
Achuvoldrach
Achuvoldrach (Scottish Gaelic: Achadh a’ Mholltairich) is a small remote village on the west shore of the Kyle of Tongue in Sutherland, in the Highland region of Scotland. Achuvoldrach is linked to the village of Tongue by the Kyle of Tongue Causeway across the sea loch, on a west to east orientation.

Tongue, Sutherland
Tongue (Scottish Gaelic: Tunga from Old Norse: Tunga, also Old English: Tunge) is a coastal village in northwest Highland, Scotland, in the western part of the former county of Sutherland. It lies on the east shore above the base of the Kyle of Tongue and north of the mountains Ben Hope and Ben Loyal on the A836. To the north lies the area of Braetongue.

Tongue is the main village in a series of crofting townships that runs through Coldbackie, Dalharn, Blandy, and the harbour of Scullomie to the deserted township of Slettel. The village includes a youth hostel, a craft shop, a general store and garage, a bank, a post office and two hotels, the Tongue Hotel and the Ben Loyal Hotel. It is connected to the west side of the Kyle by the Kyle of Tongue Bridge and Causeway, built in 1971.
Federal Taxation Service
The Federal Taxation Service (Russian: Федеральная налоговая служба, romanized: Federalnaya nalogovaya sluzhba) or shortly FNS (Russian: ФНС) is the revenue service for the Russian government responsible for overseeing compliance with the tax and levy legislation, ensuring the accuracy of calculations, and verifying the completeness and timeliness of tax and levy payments to the relevant budgets. It was formed on March 19, 2004, after the dissolution of the Ministry for Taxes and Levies.

It is also a federal body of executive authority responsible for ensuring the presentation of claims for mandatory payments in bankruptcy cases and bankruptcy procedures, as well as the Russian Federation's claims under monetary obligations.

The FNS's headquarters is located at 23 Neglinnaya Street, Moscow. Daniil Yegorov is the current commissioner of the Federal Taxation Service.

Revenue service
A revenue service, revenue agency or taxation authority is a government agency responsible for the intake of government revenue, including taxes and sometimes non-tax revenue. Depending on the jurisdiction, revenue services may be charged with tax collection, investigation of tax evasion, or carrying out audits.

In certain instances, they also administer payments to certain relevant individuals (such as statutory sick pay, statutory maternity pay) as well as  targeted financial support (welfare) to families and individuals (through payment of tax credits or transfer payments).

The chief executive of the revenue agency is usually styled as Commissioner, Minister, Secretary or Director.
Adolf
Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo, and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name with German origins.

The name is a compound derived from the Old High German Athalwolf (or Hadulf), a composition of athal, or adal, meaning "noble" (or had(u)-, meaning "battle, combat"), and wolf. The name is cognate to the Anglo-Saxon name Æthelwulf (also Eadulf or Eadwulf). The name can also be derived from the ancient Germanic elements "Wald" meaning "power", "brightness" and wolf (Waldwulf).

Due to its extremely negative associations with the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, the name has greatly declined in popularity since the end of World War II.

Similar names include Lithuanian Adolfas and Latvian Ādolfs. The female forms Adolphine and Adolpha are far more rare than the male names.

Eadwulf Evil-child
Eadwulf II (fl. AD 968–970), nicknamed Evil-child (Old English: Yfelcild), was ruler of Bamburgh in the latter half of the tenth century.  Although Eadwulf is sometimes described as the Earl of Northumbria, he ruled only a northern portion of Northumbria, a polity centred on Bamburgh that once stretched from the Firth of Forth to the River Tees.
Bucculatrix humiliella
Bucculatrix humiliella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees and the Alps and from Great Britain to Poland. It was described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1855.

The wingspan is 8–9 mm.

The larvae feed on yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Bucculatricidae
Bucculatricidae or (Bucculatrigidae) is a family of moths. This small family has representatives in all parts of the world. Some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family Lyonetiidae.

Adults of this family are easily overlooked, being very small with narrow wings wrapped around the body at rest. When small, the larvae are leaf-miners, forming distinctive brown blotches on leaves. When larger, they usually feed on the leaves externally. Many species have specific host plants. The pupal cases have distinctive longitudinal ridges, leading to members of the family commonly being called ribbed cocoon makers.

Some authors recognize just a single large genus, Bucculatrix, although two Australian genera, Cryphioxena and the scribbly gum moths (Ogmograptis spp.) are now sometimes placed in this family rather than in Elachistidae.
Tony Vincent
Tony Vincent (born July 25) is an American actor, songwriter, and singer known for his work on Broadway, London's West End, and as a finalist on NBC's The Voice. He is based in New York City and Nashville.

United Way
United Way is an international network of over 1,800 local nonprofit fundraising affiliates. Prior to 2015, United Way was the largest nonprofit organization in the United States by donations from the public. Individual United Ways mobilize a single fundraising campaign to raise money for various nonprofits, with most donations coming through payroll deductions.
Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
The Polish–Ukrainian conflict took place from 1939 to 1947. It was fought primarily between irregular Ukrainian and Polish units, with limited participation by Soviet partisans and the  Red Army, as well as Romanian, Hungarian, German and Czechoslovak armed formations. Fighting was concentrated in south-eastern Kresy region (today Western Ukraine) of the German-occupied Second Polish Republic.

The occupation of Poland by Germany and Soviet Union in September 1939 led to demands by Ukrainian nationalists for a new Ukrainian state which would include the Polish territories of Eastern Galicia and Wołyń (Volhynia).

Hrubieszów County
Hrubieszów County (Polish: powiat hrubieszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Hrubieszów, which lies 104 kilometres (65 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The county covers an area of 1,269.40 square kilometres (490.1 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 63,320, out of which the population of Hrubieszów is 17,634 and the rural population is 45.686.
Wakefield, Michigan
Wakefield is a city in Gogebic County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 1,702 at the 2020 census.

Wakefield is located in the western Upper Peninsula about 10 miles (16 km) east of the Wisconsin border.  The city is mostly surrounded by Wakefield Township, but the two are administered autonomously.  U.S. Route 2 passes through the city, and M-28 has its western terminus in the city.

It is home to Sunday Lake, Snow River Mountain Resort, Gogebic County Medical Care Facility, and Gogebic County Community Mental Health Authority. Once a mining town, the economy is now based upon the forest industry, goods and services, and tourism.

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the secretary of housing and urban development, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Mountain Air Cargo
Mountain Air Cargo (MAC) is an American cargo airline based in Denver, North Carolina. It is a major contract carrier for FedEx Express, operating in the eastern United States and the Caribbean region. Previous turboprop operations in South America have been discontinued by FedEx, which now operates jet aircraft in that area. MAC is one of the largest feeder airlines in the United States. Its main maintenance facility is at Kinston Regional Jetport.  All of the ATR, C408, and C208 aircraft operated by Mountain Air are owned by FedEx Express, and are operated by MAC on a "dry lease" basis.

ATR 42
The ATR 42 is a regional airliner produced by Franco-Italian manufacturer ATR, with final assembly in Toulouse, France.

On 4 November 1981, the aircraft was launched with ATR, as a joint venture between French Aérospatiale (now part of Airbus) and Aeritalia (now Leonardo S.p.A.).
The ATR 42-300 performed its maiden flight on 16 August 1984 and type certification was granted during September 1985.
Launch customer Air Littoral operated its first revenue-earning flight in December of that year.

The high-wing airliner is powered by two turboprop engines, Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120s.
The number "42" in its name is derived from the aircraft's original standard seating capacity of 42 passengers.

Later variants are upgraded with new avionics, a glass cockpit, and newer engine versions.
The ATR 42 is the basis for the stretched ATR 72, introduced in October 1989.
Nirma
Nirma is a conglomerate based in Ahmedabad, India, involved in the manufacture of various products, including detergents, soaps, cement, cosmetics, salt, soda ash, linear alkyl benzene, and injectables. It was founded in 1969 by Karsanbhai Patel, a laboratory technician, as a one-man operation.

Nirma University
Nirma University (NU) is a private university located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It functions under the aegis of the Nirma Education and Research Foundation (NERF). The Gujarat Government has granted "Centre of Excellence" status to Nirma University.

The university received the Centre for Excellence status from the Government of Gujarat in January 2022. The university has been recently awarded A+ grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in the third cycle of re-accreditation. This grade is a hallmark of very high academic quality, including education, research and extension.
The Sound of Sunshine (song)
"The Sound of Sunshine" is a single by Michael Franti & Spearhead and also the title track from their album of the same name (2010). It was written by Franti, Jason Bowman and Carl Young and produced by Franti with additional production by Sly & Robbie. It was released as the album's second single on June 1, 2010 and was digitally released on June 8, 2010.

The song is featured in the films Yogi Bear, Soul Surfer, and Blue Crush 2.

Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.

Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by the city of Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a  2+1⁄2-mile (4-kilometer) pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.
Isshin-ryū
Isshin-Ryū (一心流, Isshin-ryū) is a style of Okinawan karate created by Tatsuo Shimabuku (島袋 龍夫) in approximately 1947/1948 (and named its present name on January 15, 1956). Isshin-Ryū karate is largely a synthesis of Shorin-ryū karate, Gojū-ryū karate, and kobudō. The name means, literally, "one heart method" (as in "wholehearted" or "complete"). In 1989 there were 336 branches of Isshin-ryū throughout the world (as recorded by the IWKA), most of which were concentrated in the United States.

Chōtoku Kyan
Chotoku Kyan (喜屋武 朝徳; December 1870 – 20 September 1945) (also spelled Chotoku Kiyan) was an Okinawan karate master who was famous for both his karate skills and his colorful personal life.  He had a large influence on the styles of karate that would become Shorin-Ryu and its related styles.
Kosmos 2209
Kosmos 2209 (Russian: Космос 2209 meaning Cosmos 2209) is a Russian US-KS missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1992 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2209 was launched from Site 81/23 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a DM-2 upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 18:01 UTC on 10 September 1992. The launch successfully placed the satellite into geostationary orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1992-059A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22112.

It was operational for about 4 years.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
2014 USA Pro Cycling Challenge
The 2014 USA Pro Cycling Challenge was the fourth edition of the USA Pro Cycling Challenge stage race. Once again, the race was included on the UCI America Tour, with a UCI classification of 2.HC. As such, the race was only open to teams on the UCI ProTour, UCI Professional Continental and UCI Continental circuits. The race took place between August 18–24, 2014 as a seven-day, seven-stage race, traversing the state of Colorado. The 2014 USA Pro Cycling Challenge was one of six UCI-ranked stage races in the United States in 2014, and one of two (along with the 2014 Tour of California) that attracted multiple UCI ProTeams to compete.

2013–14 UCI America Tour
The 2013–14 UCI America Tour was the tenth season for the UCI America Tour. The season began on 6 October 2013 with the Tobago Cycling Classic and ended on 25 December 2014 with the Vuelta a Costa Rica.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI America Tour cycling jersey. Janier Acevedo from Colombia is the defending champion of the 2012–13 UCI America Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Mercedes Bresso
Mercedes Bresso (born 12 July 1944) is an Italian politician. A member of the Democratic Party, she served as Member of the European Parliament from 2014 until 2019 and again from 2023 following the departure of Pierfrancesco Majorino. She retained her seat in the 2024 European Parliament election and became the eldest serving MEP.

European Committee of the Regions
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the European Union's (EU) assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities (i.e. regions, counties, provinces, municipalities and cities) with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework.

Established in 1994, the CoR was set up to address two main issues. First, about three quarters of EU legislation is implemented at local or regional level, so local and regional representatives needed to have a say in the development of new EU laws. Second, there were concerns about a widening gap between the public and the process of European integration; involving the elected level of government closest to the citizens was one way of closing the gap.
3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501)
The Third Portuguese India Armada was assembled in 1501 upon the order of King Manuel I of Portugal and placed under the command of João da Nova. It was small compared to other armadas of the same type and was formed for commercial purposes. Nonetheless, it engaged in the first significant Portuguese naval battle in the Indian Ocean. The Third Armada discovered the uninhabited islands of Ascension and Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. Some speculate that it was the first Portuguese armada to reach Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).

Estêvão da Gama (c. 1470)
Estêvão da Gama (c. 1470) was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who discovered the Trindade and Martim Vaz islands in modern Brazil.

Estêvão da Gama was Vasco da Gama's cousin, son of his cousin Aires da Gama, as explained by Manuel de Faria e Sousa, in its work Ásia Portuguesa (1675). He was Captain-major of the Portuguese army in India in 1503.
Finnish national men's ice hockey team 1995 World Championships roster
This is the Finnish national men's ice hockey team's roster to the 1995 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships.

Manager:

Heikki Riihiranta

Coaches:

Curt Lindström

Hannu Aravirta

Other personnel:

Juhani Ikonen (Medical Attendant)

Jari Rautiainen (Physio)

Veli-Matti Pohjonen (Masseur)

Tomi Mäkipää (Equipment Manager)

Aleksander Surenkin (Equipment Maintenance)

Mika Saarinen (Statistics)

Esko Nokelainen (Scouting)

Finland men's national ice hockey team
The Finnish men's national ice hockey team, nicknamed Leijonat / Lejonen ("The Lions" in Finnish and Swedish), is governed by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association. Finland is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in the world and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the United States, Czechia, Russia, and Sweden.

Finland won the world championship in 2022, their fourth title after 1995, 2011 and 2019. A duo of silver medals (1988, 2006) remained the country's best Olympic result until 2022 when the Finns won their first Olympic gold after defeating Russia. At the Canada/World Cup, their best achievement is a silver medal which they won in 2004.
Beauharnois (provincial electoral district)
Beauharnois (French pronunciation: [boaʁnwa]) is a provincial electoral district in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. The district notably include the city of Salaberry-de-Valleyfield.

It was created in 2001 from parts of Beauharnois-Huntingdon, Châteauguay and Salaberry-Soulanges.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged.

An earlier version of the Beauharnois electoral district had been created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  Its last election was in 1985.  It disappeared in the 1989 election and its successor electoral district was Beauharnois-Huntingdon.

Soulanges (provincial electoral district)
Soulanges (French pronunciation: [sulɑ̃ʒ]) is a provincial electoral district in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It notably includes the municipalities of Saint-Lazare, Saint-Zotique and Rigaud.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada).  Its final election was in 1936, and its successor electoral district was Vaudreuil-Soulanges.

It was re-created for the 2003 election from parts of Salaberry-Soulanges and Vaudreuil.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged.

In the change from the 2011 to the 2017 electoral map, the riding gained Hudson from Vaudreuil.
Ovčiji Brod
Ovčiji Brod (transl. Sheep Crossing) is a 16th century Ottoman stone arch bridge spanning Zalomka river, which is located in Bratač village, Nevesinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is another masterpiece of Ottoman bridge building in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge
The Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge (Serbian: Мост Мехмед-паше Соколовића, romanized: Most Mehmed-paše Sokolovića) is a historic bridge in Višegrad, over the Drina River in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina part of the Republika Srpska entity. It was completed in 1577 by the Ottoman court architect Mimar Sinan on the order of the Grand Vizier Mehmed Paša Sokolović. In 2003 bridge was included into the List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina by KONS, and UNESCO inclusion into the World Heritage List followed in 2007.