hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mbongeni Ngema
Mbongeni Ngema (10 May 1955 – 27 December 2023) was a South African playwright, lyricist, composer, director, choreographer and theatre producer, best known for co-writing the 1981 play Woza Albert! and co-writing (with Hugh Masekela) the 1987 musical Sarafina!.  He was known for plays that reflected the spirit of black South Africans under apartheid, and won much praise for his work, but was also the subject of several controversies. He died in a car accident on 27 December 2023.

Indian South Africans
Indian South Africans are South Africans who descend from indentured labourers and free migrants who arrived from British India during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The majority live in and around the city of Durban, making it one of the largest ethnically Indian-populated cities outside of India.

As a consequence of the policies of apartheid, Indian (synonymous with Asian) is regarded as a race group in South Africa.
Silver Moon Bookshop
The Silver Moon Women's Bookshop was a feminist bookstore at 68 Charing Cross Road in London, England, founded in 1984 by Jane Cholmeley, Sue Butterworth, and Jane Anger.  They established Silver Moon Bookshop to promote women’s writing, serve a community of readers and encourage discussion of women’s issues. The shop served both as a safe space for women to participate in literary events and a resource centre to learn about local feminist initiatives.

In 1989, Silver Moon Bookshop won the Pandora Award for "contributing most to promoting the status of women in publishing and related trades". In November 2001, Silver Moon won the Pink Paper Award, sponsored by The Mike Rhodes Trust, “for promoting an understanding of lesbian and gay life, for 17 years of campaigning, support and advice given by Silver Moon bookshop in central London”. After 17 years, the shop closed on 18 November 2001.

Charing Cross Road
Charing Cross Road is a street in Central London, running immediately north of St Martin-in-the-Fields to St Giles Circus (the intersection with Oxford Street), which then merges into Tottenham Court Road. It leads from the north in the direction of Charing Cross at the south side of Trafalgar Square. It connects via St Martin's Place and the motorised east side of the square.
Museum Street
Museum Street is a street in the Bloomsbury area of the London Borough of Camden, England. To the north is the British Museum, hence its current name. The street is populated by cafes and bookshops to appeal to the international museum-going public. To the north is Great Russell Street. To the south are Bloomsbury Way and New Oxford Street. The nearest tube stations are Tottenham Court Road and Holborn to the southwest and southeast respectively.

Bloomsbury Square
Bloomsbury Square is a garden square in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden, London. Developed in the late 17th century, it was initially known as Southampton Square and was one of the earliest London squares. By the early 19th century, Bedford House along the north of the square had been demolished and replaced with terraced housing designed by James Burton.
Brad Kohler
Bradley Kohler (born May 26, 1964) is an American retired professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Heavyweight division. A professional from 1997 until 2012, Kohler competed for the UFC, RINGS and DEEP.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
National Register of Historic Places listings in Exeter, Rhode Island
This is a list of Registered Historic Places in Exeter, Rhode Island.

‹ The template below (NRHP date for lists) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›          This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Exeter, Rhode Island
Exeter is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Exeter extends east from the Connecticut border to the town of North Kingstown. It is bordered to the north by West Greenwich and East Greenwich, and to the south by Hopkinton, Richmond, and South Kingstown. Exeter's postal code is 02822, although small parts of the town have the mailing address West Kingston (02892) or Saunderstown (02874). The population was 6,460 at the 2020 census.
Path protection
Path protection in telecommunications is an end-to-end protection scheme used in connection oriented circuits in different network architectures to protect against inevitable failures on service providers’ network that might affect the services offered to end customers. Any failure occurred at any point along the path of a circuit will cause the end nodes to move/pick the traffic to/from a new route.  Finding paths with protection, especially in elastic optical networks, was considered a difficult problem, but an efficient and optimal algorithm was proposed.

Other techniques to protect telecommunications networks against failures are: Channel Protection, Link Protection, Segment-Protection, and P-cycle Protection

Network architecture
Network architecture is the design of a computer network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.

In telecommunications, the specification of a network architecture may also include a detailed description of products and services delivered via a communications network, as well as detailed rate and billing structures under which services are compensated.

The network architecture of the Internet is predominantly expressed by its use of the Internet protocol suite, rather than a specific model for interconnecting networks or nodes in the network, or the usage of specific types of hardware links.
Knife Point Glacier
Knife Point Glacier is on the east side Continental Divide in the northern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The glacier is in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest, and is among the largest grouping of glaciers in the American Rocky Mountains. Knife Point Glacier flows to the north and starts below the summit of Knife Point Mountain (13,001 mi (20,923 km)).

Along with other glaciers in the Wind River Range, Knife Point Glacier's rapid retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age in 1850 has exposed the remains of numerous specimens of the now believed to be extinct Rocky Mountain locust (Melanoplus spretus) and other related species.

Fitzpatrick Wilderness
The Fitzpatrick Wilderness is located in Shoshone National Forest in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The wilderness was originally known as the Glacier Primitive Area, but was redesignated a wilderness in 1976.
Wales at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Wales competed at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Canada, from 3 to 12 August 1978.

Several events were organised in order to raise funds to send a Welsh team to the Games.

Wales came 9th overall with 2 golds, 1 silver and 5 bronze medals.

Shooting at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Shooting at the 1978 Commonwealth Games was the third appearance of Shooting at the Commonwealth Games. The competition was held in  Edmonton, Canada, from 3 to 12 August 1978.

The events were held at the Strathcona Shooting Range, which was specifically built for the Games. The range consisted of a clubhouse and various distance ranges on 160 acres of land, on the south side of Anthony Henday Drive, which is the modern day Ivor Dent Sports Park (as of 2026).

Competition featured contests in six disciplines. Canada topped the shooting medal table again by virtue of winning four gold medals.
Xirosterni
Xirosterni (Greek: Ξηροστέρνι) is a village and a community located in the Apokoronas region close to the northwest coast of the island of Crete, Greece, in Chania regional unit. The community consists of the settlements Xirosterni and Litsarda. It is approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Chania.

Chania
Chania (Greek: Χανιά, Khaniá, pronounced [xaˈɲa] ⓘ), also sometimes romanized as Hania, is a city in Greece and the capital of the Chania regional unit. It lies along the north west coast of the island Crete, about 70 km (43 mi) west of Rethymno and 145 km (90 mi) west of Heraklion.

The municipality has 111,375 inhabitants (2021). This consists of the city of Chania and several nearby areas, including Kounoupidiana, Mournies, Souda, Nerokouros, Daratsos, Perivolia, Galatas and Aroni.
Robby Ginepri
Robert Louis Ginepri (/dʒɪˈnɛpri/ jih-NEP-ree; born October 7, 1982) is an American tennis coach and a former professional player. He won three ATP singles titles in his career and achieved a career-high ranking of World No. 15 in December 2005. Ginepri's best Grand Slam result was the semifinals of the 2005 US Open.

Juan Mónaco
Juan Mónaco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxwam ˈmonako]; born 29 March 1984), nicknamed "Pico", is an Argentine former professional tennis player. He won nine singles titles, reached the semifinals of the 2010 Shanghai Masters and the 2012 Miami Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 10 in July 2012. He announced his retirement from professional tennis on 15 May 2017.
Al Rifa
Al Rifa (Arabic: الرفاعة), also spelled Al Raffa, is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Located in western Dubai, in Bur Dubai, Al Rifa borders Al Souk Al Kabir to the north, Al Hudaiba to the south, Port Rashid to the west and Al Mankhool to the east.

Al Rifa is largely a residential community; however several banks, restaurants and shopping centres (such as Al Khaleej Centre) are located in Al Rifa.

The Falcon roundabout was located here. Built it the early 1970s it was demolished later.

Al Souk Al Kabir
Al Souk Al Kabir (Arabic: السوق الكبير), also referred to as Grand Souq, Bur Dubai, is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates that refers to the Souq in Bur Dubai.

Important landmarks close to the Al Souk Al Kabir include the Al Fahidi Historical Neighborhood and the Al Fahidi Fort.
Adolfo Canepa
Adolfo John Canepa (born 17 December 1940) is a Gibraltarian politician. He has dedicated most of his life to politics and the development of Gibraltar, having served both as Leader of the Opposition and as Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 8 December 1987 to 25 March 1988. During this period he was also the leader of the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR). He is a former Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament.

Elections in Gibraltar
Gibraltar elects on the national level a legislature. The Gibraltar Parliament has 17 members, all elected for a four-year term in one constituency with each voter getting to vote for their selection of ten candidates. Gibraltar forms a single constituency but voters have only ten votes.  Hence the electoral bloc with the most votes will normally get ten seats and the runners up seven.
Accommodation (vertebrate eye)
Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. In this, distances vary for individuals from the far point—the maximum distance from the eye for which a clear image of an object can be seen, to the near point—the minimum distance for a clear image.
Accommodation usually acts like a reflex, including part of the accommodation-convergence reflex, but it can also be consciously controlled.

The main ways animals may change focus are:

Changing the shape of the lens.

Changing the position of the lens relative to the retina.

Changing the axial length of the eyeball.

Changing the shape of the cornea.

Zonule of Zinn
The zonule of Zinn (/ˈtsɪn/) (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) (after Johann Gottfried Zinn) is a ring of fibrous strands forming a zonule (little band) that connects the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The Zonular fibers are viscoelastic cables, although their component microfibrils are stiff structures. These fibers are sometimes collectively referred to as the suspensory ligaments of the lens, as they act like suspensory ligaments.
Helenus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Helenus (/ˈhɛlənəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἕλενος, romanized: Hélenos) is the name of the following characters:

Helenus, a son of Zeus and Lysithea, daughter of Evenus.

Helenus, a prophet, and son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy.

Helenus, son of Oenops and an Achaean warrior who participated in the Trojan War. During the siege of Troy, he was killed by Hector and Ares.

Helenus, one of the Suitors of Penelope from Ithaca along with 11 other wooers. He, with the other suitors, was killed by Odysseus with the assistance of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.

Telemachus
Telemachus (/təˈlɛməkəs/ ⓘ tə-LEM-ə-kəs; Ancient Greek: Τηλέμαχος, romanized: Tēlemakhos, lit. 'far-fighter') is the son of Odysseus and Penelope in Greek mythology, and a central character in Homer's Odyssey. When Telemachus reached manhood, he visited Pylos and Sparta in search of his wandering father. On his return to Ithaca, he found that Odysseus had reached home before him. Then father and son slayed the suitors who had gathered around to woo Penelope. According to later tradition, Telemachus married Circe after Odysseus's death.

The first four books of the Odyssey focus on Telemachus's journeys in search of news about his father, who has yet to return home from the Trojan War, and are traditionally given the title Telemachy.
Nazar (2005 film)
Nazar is a 2005 Hindi-language supernatural thriller film directed by Soni Razdan, starring Meera and Ashmit Patel. An Indo-Pak co-production, the film marks the debut of Pakistani actress Meera in Hindi films. It is inspired by the 1991 film 100 Days, which itself took inspiration from the 1978 American film Eyes of Laura Mars.

Released on 20 May 2005 alongside Naina, another film based on the theme of extra-sensory perception, Nazar was a box-office bomb.

100 Days (1991 film)
100 Days is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language psychological thriller film, starring Jackie Shroff, Madhuri Dixit, Moon Moon Sen and Javed Jaffrey. The film's plot follows the mysterious events in the life of a woman with extrasensory perception. It is a remake of the 1984 Tamil film Nooravathu Naal, which itself is an unofficial adaptation of the 1977 Italian giallo film Sette note in nero (English Title: The Psychic or Seven Notes in Black) and the American film Eyes of Laura Mars.
Taunus Nature Park
The Taunus Nature Park (German: Naturpark Taunus) (until December 2012 called the High Taunus Nature Park or Naturpark Hochtaunus) is a nature park in Central Germany with an area of 134,775 hectares (1347.75 km2) in the Central Upland range of the Taunus. It is one of two Hessian nature parks in the Taunus and the second largest nature park in Hesse.

Königstein im Taunus
Königstein im Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːnɪçʃtaɪn ʔɪm ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ, lit. 'Königstein in the Taunus') is a health spa and lies on the thickly wooded slopes of the Taunus in Hesse, Germany. The town is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Owing to its advantageous location for both scenery and transport on the edge of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region, Königstein is a favourite residential town. Neighbouring places are Kronberg im Taunus, Glashütten, Schwalbach am Taunus, Bad Soden am Taunus and Kelkheim.
IHeartRadio Music Award for Male Artist of the Year
The iHeartRadio Music Award for Male Artist of the Year is one of the former awards handed out at the yearly iHeartRadio Music Awards. It was first awarded in 2016 and presented to Justin Bieber. In 2023, it was discontinued and replaced by the all-gender category Artist of the Year. Bieber is the most awarded artist in this category, with a total of two wins. Ed Sheeran and the Weeknd are the most nominated artists in this category, with a total of five nominations each.

IHeartRadio Music Awards
The iHeartRadio Music Awards is an American music awards show that celebrates music heard throughout the year across iHeartMedia radio stations nationwide and on iHeartRadio, iHeartMedia's digital music platform. Founded by iHeartRadio in 2014, the event recognizes the most popular artists and music over the previous year. Winners are chosen per cumulative performance data, while the public is able to vote in several categories.

The inaugural event was held on May 1, 2014, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. Its first two years were broadcast live on NBC; from 2016 to 2018, it was simulcast on TBS, TNT and TruTV. Since the 2019 iHeartRadio Music Awards, the ceremony has aired on Fox. The trophy is manufactured by the New York firm Society Awards.

Taylor Swift is the most awarded artist in the history of the iHeartRadio Music Awards, having won 34 awards between 2015 and 2025.
Domestic responses to the Euromaidan
Below are the domestic responses to the Euromaidan. Euromaidan was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine that began on the night of 21 November 2013 after the Ukrainian government suspended preparations for signing an Association Agreement and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the European Union.

Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
The chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Голова Верховної Ради України, romanized: Holova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy) is the presiding officer of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's unicameral parliament. The chairman presides over the parliament and its procedures. Chairmen are elected by open voting from the parliament's deputy ranks.

Ruslan Stefanchuk is the current chairman since being confirmed on 8 October 2021.
Tümen-Odyn Battögs
Tümen-Odyn Battögs (also Battugs Tumen-Od, Mongolian: Түмэн-Одын Баттөгс; born 23 August 1981 in Mörön sum, Khövsgöl aimag) is a Mongolian judoka, who played for the half-middleweight category. She won a bronze medal for her division at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.

Battugs represented Mongolia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's half-middleweight class (63 kg). She received a bye for the second preliminary round match, before losing out, by an ippon (full point) and a kuchiki taoshi (single leg takedown), to Germany's Anna von Harnier.

Anna von Harnier
Anna von Harnier (born 27 January 1981) is a German judoka, competing in the 63 kg-category. Von Harnier, who is currently ranked at 4th Dan, won bronze medals at the 2003 World Judo Championships and the 2007 European Judo Championships. She competed in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics.
Šimek
Šimek (feminine: Šimková) is a Czech, Slovak and Croatian surname. It is derived from the given name Šimon, a variant of Simon. The name also appears in the Anglicized form as Shimek and Simek, and in the Germanized form as Schimek. Notable people with the surname include:

David Šimek (born 1998), Czech footballer

Juraj Šimek (born 1987), Slovak-born Swiss ice hockey player

Karlo Šimek (born 1988), Croatian footballer

Miloslav Šimek (1940–2004), Czech comedian

Miroslav Šimek (born 1959), Czech slalom canoer

Radim Šimek (born 1992), Czech ice hockey player

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Bolsheboldinsky District
Bolsheboldinsky District (Russian: Большебо́лдинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Bolsheboldinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 866.5 square kilometers (334.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bolshoye Boldino. Population: 12,035 (2010 Census);  13,035 (2002 Census); 14,156 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bolshoye Boldino accounts for 42.2% of the district's total population.

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Shahad railway station
Shahad is a 2-platform railway station located in Maharashtra, on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network, in western India. It is located on the route between Kalyan and Ambivli.

Shahad is located on the Kasara Line, next to Kalyan. The railway route that comes up to Kalyan from Mumbai CSMT bifurcates, where one route goes towards Ambarnath, Ulhasnagar, Badlapur, Karjat, and Pune. The other line goes towards Shahad, Titwala, Asangaon, Kasara, and Nashik. Shahad is located on the Nasik route, next station from Kalyan.

Titwala
Titwala (Titvala)  ( Pronounced: /tɪtˈvɑːlə/ ⓘ) is a town near Kalyan in the Indian state of Maharashtra, Located in Thane District. Titwala is famous for the Siddhivinayak Mahaganapati Temple, where lakhs of devotees visit this temple to take auspicious blessings of Lord Ganesha during the auspicious days of Ganesh Chaturthi and Angarki Sankashti Chaturthi.
Olef Valley Railway
The Olef Valley Railway (German: Oleftalbahn or Flitsch) or OTB is a 17.8-kilometre-long, single tracked, unelectrified branch line from Kall through the Schleiden Valley above Schleiden to Hellenthal. The line is currently used by tourists; travelling on the heritage railway in the summer months or occasionally by goods trains. However, there are attempts to reactivate passenger services that were ceased in 1981.

Kall, North Rhine-Westphalia
Kall (German pronunciation: [kal]) is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approximatively 20 km south-west of Euskirchen.

Kall consists of the following districts: Anstois, Benenberg, Diefenbach, Dottel, Frohnrath, Gillenberg, Golbach, Keldenich, Krekel, Rinnen, Roder, Rüth, Scheven, Sistig, Sötenich, Steinfeld, Steinfelderheistert, Straßbüsch, Urft, Wahlen, Wallenthal, Wallenthalerhöhe, and Kall itself.

Most important river within Kall is the Urft, a tributary to the Roer. Parts of Kall belong to Eifel National Park.

Kall had been affected by 2021 European floods. Three persons died, also rail installations and residential buildings had been damaged.