hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
President's Security Division
President's Security Division (PSD) is a unit of the Sri Lanka Police charged with the close protection of the President of Sri Lanka. It is headed by a gazetted officer of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG). Until 2008 the unit was controlled by army personnel assigned to President's protection, later these were absorbed into an independent unit named the President's Guard (dissolved in 2015). The unit consists of both uniformed and non-uniformed officers who provide close protection and guard Presidential residences.

It is not to be confused with the President’s Ceremonial Guard Company of the Corps of Military Police assigned to ceremonial duties.

Protective security unit
A protective security unit typically provides policing, security, intelligence and bodyguard services for sovereigns and politicians.

The Republic of Ireland's national police and security service is the Garda Síochána.

The Royal Thai Police Special Branch Bureau (SBB) is responsible for providing security domestic VIP and from foreign nations.

The Singapore Police Force's Police Security Command is responsible for protecting Cabinet ministers and dignitaries from foreign nations.
2004 Hong Kong Sevens
The 2004 Hong Kong Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that took place at the Hong Kong Stadium between 26 and 28 March 2004. It was the 29th edition of the Hong Kong Sevens and was the fifth tournament of the 2003–04 World Sevens Series. Twenty-four teams competed in the tournament and were separated into six groups of four with the top eight teams qualifying through to the cup tournament.

After winning all three of their group stage matches, England took out the Hong Kong title for the third year running, defeating Argentina in the cup final 22–12. The plate-final saw Scotland defeat France while the Cook Islands took home the bowl defeating Japan.

2003–04 World Sevens Series
The 2003–04 Sevens World Series was the fifth edition of the global circuit for men's national rugby sevens teams, organised by the International Rugby Board. The series was held over eight tournaments, an increase of one over the previous year. This was the first year that the USA Sevens was added to the series. New Zealand won its fifth consecutive series, narrowly defeating England.
Dead Heart Bloom
Dead Heart Bloom is an ambient rock band based in New York City. Members include singer and bassist Boris Skalsky, guitarist Paul Wood and drummer Jason Molina.  Both Skalsky and Wood were prior members of acclaimed Washington, D.C. newgaze rock outfit Phaser and Molina a former member of New York band Longwave.  In 2011 Skalsky and Wood were also touring members of the band Skysaw, the project of former The Smashing Pumpkins drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Molina rejoined Longwave in the fall of 2018 for a reunion tour and single release.

Dead Heart Bloom music has been used in a number of soundtracks. In 2011, their song "Someday Soon Our Time Will Come" was used in the independent film Friends with Kids.

Beginning in 2014 and through 2016 the band released a series of EPs and singles produced by Anthony Molina of Mercury Rev. In 2018 they self-released another EP, "State of Mind", on their own Ephemeral Arts label.

Longwave (band)
Longwave is an American indie rock band. The band was formed in 1999 by guitarist, songwriter and vocalist Steve Schiltz; guitarist Shannon Ferguson; bassist David Marchese; and drummer Jeremy Greene.  The band was active from 1999 to 2008. As of 2018 the band had reformed and was recording new music. Longwave's fifth album ‘’If We Ever Live Forever’’ was released October 25, 2019.
Agnieszka Osiecka
Agnieszka Osiecka (Polish pronunciation: [aɡˈɲɛʂka ɔˈɕɛt͡ska]; 9 October 1936 – 7 March 1997) was a Polish poet, writer, author of theatre and television screenplays, film director and journalist. She was a prominent Polish songwriter, having authored the lyrics to more than 2000 songs, and is considered an icon of Polish culture.

Polskie Radio
The Polish Radio (PR; Polish: Polskie Radio, PR) is a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland, founded in 1925. It is owned by the State Treasury of Poland. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Viet Cong and People's Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War
Murder, kidnapping, torture and intimidation were a routine part of Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) operations during the Vietnam War. They were intended to liquidate opponents such as officials, leaders, military personnel, civilians who collaborated with the South Vietnamese government, erode the morale of South Vietnamese government employees, cow the populace and boost tax collection and propaganda efforts.: 2–63  : 270–9

Quảng Tín province
Quảng Tín (listenⓘ) was a province of South Vietnam that was created from Quảng Nam's Quế Sơn District on July 31, 1962. Its capital was Tam Kỳ.

As of the 1965 census the province had a population of 361,097 inhabitants, divided among six districts (quận), 86 communes (xã) and 419 hamlets (ấp).

During the Vietnam War it was the site of heavy fighting, including Operation Union I & II. The province was remerged with Quảng Nam following the unification of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976.
Glufimet
Glufimet (developmental code name RGPU-238), also known as dimethyl 3-phenylglutamate hydrochloride, is a derivative of glutamic acid (glutamate) which was developed in Russia and is related to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative phenibut (3-phenyl-GABA). It contains phenibut and glycine fragments in its chemical structure, has been described, as a "GABA precursor", and is said to modulate the GABA and nitric oxide (NO) systems and to have antioxidant activity. It has been suggested that metabotropic glutamate receptors may also play a role in the mechanism of action of glufimet. Stress-protective effects have been described for glufimet in animals.

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
Mevalonate kinase
Mevalonate kinase is an enzyme (specifically a kinase) that in humans is encoded by the MVK gene.  Mevalonate kinases are found in a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals.  This enzyme catalyzes the following reaction:

.

Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase (/ˈkaɪneɪs, ˈkɪneɪs, -eɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups to substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation.  Typically ATP is the phosphate donor. Kinases are pervasive, the human genome codes for about 500 of these enzymes.

Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases. Kinases should not be confused with phosphorylases, which catalyze the addition of inorganic phosphate groups to an acceptor, nor with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups (dephosphorylation). The phosphorylation state of a molecule, whether it be a protein, lipid or carbohydrate, can affect its activity, reactivity and its ability to bind other molecules. Therefore, kinases are critical in metabolism, cell signalling, protein regulation, cellular transport, secretory processes and many other cellular pathways, which makes them very important to physiology.
Petershausen Sacramentary
The Petershausen Sacramentary is an Ottonian illuminated manuscript of around 960–980, produced in the scriptorium of Reichenau Abbey and containing the sacramentary and liturgical calendar. It is now held in the Heidelberg University library.

The miniature on folio 40 originally opened the manuscript and has been the subject of much debate. It displays attributes of the Virgin Mary and Ecclesia (personifications of the church), but differs from usual representations of either. Her regalia does not follow Northern iconography, being closer to Roman depictions of the Maria Regina. Her necklace and earrings recall the prependoulia of Byzantine crowns, while her patterned tunic and mantle give the appearance of Byzantine silks.  Consistent with earlier depictions of Byzantine empresses, Anton von Euw interpreted the image as an "Imperial Virgin" and suggested it may have been inspired by Theophanu, the Byzantine princess who married Otto II.

Theophanu
Theophanu Skleraina (German pronunciation: [te.o.fa.ˈnuː]; also Theophania, Theophana, Theophane or Theophano; Greek: Θεοφανώ, romanized: Theofanó; c. 955 –  15 June 991) was empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Empire during the minority of their son, Emperor Otto III, from 983 until her death in 991.
She was the niece of the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. Theophanu was known to be a forceful and capable ruler, and her status in the history of the Empire was in many ways exceptional. Her official titles contained 'consors imperii', which her stepmother Adelaide of Italy already received and 'comperatrix augusta', which was modeled after the Byzantine position of the empress to ensure succession and regencies.
Constructive heuristic
A constructive heuristic is a type of heuristic method which starts with an empty solution and repeatedly extends the current solution until a complete solution is obtained. It differs from local search heuristics which start with a complete solution and then try to improve the current solution further via local moves. Examples of some famous problems that are solved using constructive heuristics are the flow shop scheduling,  the vehicle routing problem and the open shop problem.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Vrbovka
Vrbovka (Hungarian: Ipolyvarbó) is a village in southern Slovakia by the Ipeľ/Ipoly river very close to the Hungarian border. The nearest urban centre in Slovakia is Veľký Krtíš which also serves as a district seat. On the Hungarian side Szécsény and Balassagyarmat are the nearest towns. With the opening of the cross-border bridge in 2024, Vrbovka has once again become a border crossing point to Hungary, but thanks to the Schengen Union, the border can be crossed freely.

Veľký Krtíš
Veľký Krtíš (before 1927 Veľký Krtýš, Hungarian: Nagykürtös) is a town in middle Slovakia, situated in the historical Novohrad region. The town's most important economic sectors are mining and agriculture.
Church of God International (United States)
The Church of God, International (CGI) is a Binitarian Christian denomination based in the United States, an offshoot of the Worldwide Church of God (WCG) founded by Herbert W. Armstrong. It is one of many Sabbatarian Churches of God to separate from WCG.

Second Coming
The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is the Christian and Islamic belief that Jesus Christ will return to Earth after his ascension to Heaven (the Ascension is said to have occurred about two thousand years ago). The idea is based on messianic prophecies and is part of most Christian eschatologies.

In Islamic eschatology, Jesus (ʿĪsā ibn Maryam) is also believed to return in the end times. According to Islamic belief, he will descend from Heaven to defeat the false messiah (al-Masih ad-Dajjal), restore justice, and reaffirm monotheism. His return is regarded as one of the major signs of the Day of Judgment, and he is viewed as a revered prophet, not divine, in Islamic theology.

Other faiths have various interpretations of it.
Central Asian Games
The Central Asian Games is an international multi-sport event organised by the Central Asian Olympic Committee and held every two years since 1995 among athletes from Iran and Central Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia, especially formerly members of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

The Central Asian Games is one of five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia. The others are the East Asian Youth Games, the South Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games, and the West Asian Games.

East Asian Youth Games
The East Asian Youth Games (EAYG) is a continental multi-sport event organised by the East Asian Olympic Committee (EAOC) and held every four years since 2023 among athletes from East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as well as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

The East Asian Youth Games is currently the only Games held by the East Asian Olympic Committee without a special edition for disabilities (Para Games).
History of Malawi
The history of Malawi covers the area of present-day Malawi. The region was once part of the Maravi Empire (Maravi was a kingdom which straddled the current borders of Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia, in the 16th century). In colonial times, the territory was ruled by the British, under whose control it was known first as British Central Africa and later Nyasaland. It becomes part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The country achieved full independence, as Malawi, in 1964. After independence, Malawi was ruled as a one-party state under Hastings Banda until 1994.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Controversies surrounding Uber
Uber, officially Uber Technologies Inc., has been the subject of controversies. Like other ridesharing companies, the company classifies its drivers as gig workers/independent contractors. This has become the subject of legal action in several jurisdictions. The company has disrupted taxicab businesses and allegedly caused an increase in traffic congestion. Ridesharing companies are regulated in many jurisdictions and the Uber platform is not available in several countries where the company is not able or willing to comply with local regulations. Other controversies involving Uber include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring and evading local regulations. Many of these were revealed by a leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of Travis Kalanick.

Legality of ridesharing companies by jurisdiction
The legality of ridesharing companies by jurisdiction varies; in some areas they are considered to be illegal taxi operations, while in other areas, they are subject to regulations that can include requirements for driver background checks, fares, caps on the number of drivers in an area, insurance, licensing, and minimum wage.
Potassium azodicarboxylate
Potassium azodicarboxylate is a chemical compound with the formula C2K2N2O4. This chemical is used as a precursor to diimide. It can be synthesized by the reaction of potassium hydroxide with azodicarbonamide and it reacts with carboxylic acids to form diimide.

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.  It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive.
Pipi Natural Bridge
The Pipi Natural Bridge is geological formation near Ouadda in the Haute-Kotto prefecture of the Central African Republic in which the Pipi River, a tributary of the Kotto River, has carved out a gorge in the sandstone terrain forming a natural arch. The sandstone arch is a single slab of sandstone, whose top is nearly 9 m (30 ft) above the water level. Although it is not known how it was formed, the surrounding terrain offers some clues. It is suspected that the top of the bridge was once part of the river bottom itself, as both the bridge and the current river bottom bear similar potholes. Upstream, rocky projections on the walls of the river gorge seem to suggest that a once-extant tunnel collapsed there. It has been suggested that the Pipi Natural Bridge is all that remains of that former tunnel.

Haute-Kotto
Haute-Kotto ([ot ko.to], "Upper Kotto") is one of the 20 prefectures of the Central African Republic. Its capital is Bria. It is the largest prefecture in the Central African Republic. In 2024, official estimates suggest the population reached 144,289 inhabitants.
Bundesvision Song Contest 2005
The Bundesvision Song Contest 2005 was the first edition of the annual Bundesvision Song Contest musical event. The contest was held on 12 February 2005 at the König Pilsener Arena in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The contest was hosted by Stefan Raab, Annette Frier, and Oliver Pocher in the green room. It was the first Germany-wide music competition in this format.

Oberhausen
Oberhausen (/ˈoʊbərhaʊzən/, German: [ˈoːbɐhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen (c. 13 km or 8 mi). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and The Static Roots Festival. Its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Culture: Exhibitions of ice sculptures, Eiswelt Oberhausen, occurred in 2024 [and 2025].
Symphony No. 72 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 72 in D major (Hoboken 1/72) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn.  The symphony was probably composed between 1763 and 1765.  The date of this composition is earlier than its number suggests. This work is not well chronologically placed in the Hoboken numbering system: it was composed fifteen to twenty years before the neighboring works.

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Empress of the Chen dynasty
The Chen dynasty of China had five empresses consort in its 32-year history:

Empress Zhang Yao'er (r. 557–559), the wife of Emperor Wu.

Empress Shen Miaorong (r. 559–566), the wife of Emperor Chen.

Empress Wang (r. 566–568), the wife of Emperor Fei.

Empress Liu (r. 569–582), the wife of Emperor Xuan.

Empress Shen Wuhua (r. 582–589), the wife of Chen Shubao.

Liu Jingyan
Empress Liu (531 – 20 March 615), personal name Liu Jingyan (Chinese: 柳敬言), was an empress of the Chinese Chen dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Xuan (Chen Xu). She briefly governed as regent during the illness of her son Chen Shubao in 582.
Love Virtually
Love Virtually (Chinese: 虛擬情人; lit. Virtual Lover) is a 2025 Hong Kong romantic science fiction television drama from TVB. The 15-episode series aired on TVB Jade from 28 April to 16 May 2025. It follows a computer engineer who develops an artificial intelligence program designed to simulate the perfect partner, only for her creation to gain self-awareness and manifest in the real world. Set against the backdrop of Hong Kong’s technology sector, the series examines how artificial intelligence transforms love, identity, and morality in the digital age, starring Brian Chu and Venus Wong in the lead roles.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Pierre-Georges Castex
Pierre-Georges Castex (20 June 1915 at Toulouse – 9 December 1995 at Paris) was a French academic, literary critic and author.

Professor of Modern French Literature at Paris-Sorbonne University from 1956 until 1982, Castex was distinguished by election as a Member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in 1974.

Paris-Sorbonne University
Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; French: Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Paris. In 2018, it merged with Pierre and Marie Curie University and some smaller entities to form a new university called Sorbonne University and became its Faculty of Arts and Humanities.