hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arista (1912 automobile)
The Arista was a French automobile manufactured by the Établissements Ruffier in Paris from 1912 to 1915. The marque took its name from its founder, one P. Arista-Ruffier. Eight models were introduced in the first year of production; these were a 720 cc single cylinder cycle car, fours of 1460 cc, 1726 cc, and 1847 cc which featured friction drive and were sold complete with bodywork and tires, and fours of 1460 cc, 1593 cc, 1847 cc, and 2001 cc with conventional gearboxes; these last were sold as untired chassis.

Cyclecar
A cyclecar was a type of small, lightweight and inexpensive motorized car manufactured in Europe and the United States between 1910 and the early 1920s. The purpose of cyclecars was to fill a gap in the market between the motorcycle and the car. It could accommodate only two passengers, often sitting in tandem.

The demise of cyclecars was due to larger cars – such as the Citroën Type C, Austin 7 and Morris Cowley – becoming more affordable. Small, inexpensive vehicles reappeared after World War II, and were known as microcars.
Arm swing in human locomotion
Arm swing in human bipedal walking is a natural motion wherein each arm swings with the motion of the opposing leg. Swinging arms in an opposing direction with respect to the lower limb reduces the angular momentum of the body, balancing the rotational motion produced during walking. Although such pendulum-like motion of arms is not essential for walking, recent studies point that arm swing improves the stability and energy efficiency in human locomotion. Those positive effects of arm swing have been utilized in sports, especially in racewalking and sprinting.

Walking
Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of terrestrial locomotion among legged animals. Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits. Walking is defined as an "inverted pendulum" gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step. This applies regardless of the usable number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight, or more limbs, walk. In humans, walking has health benefits including improved mental health and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and death.
2010 South American Youth Championships in Athletics
The 20th South American Youth Championships in Athletics were held
in Santiago, Chile at the Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos from October 9–10, 2010.  A detailed report on the
results was given.

South American U18 Championships in Athletics
The South American U18 Championships in Athletics (Campeonato Sudamericano U18 de atletismo) is a biennial athletics event
organized by "Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo" (CONSUDATLE), the South American area association of the World Athletics (IAAF).  Starting in 1973, the competition was open for athletes under-17 in the early years. Since 2000 the international age group definition (under 18) has applied. Up until the 2016 edition the competition was known as the South American Youth Championships in Athletics. The tournament is open for athletes from CONSUDATLE member federations. Athletes from IAAF members of other geographical areas may be invited. 
However, they are not considered in the classification.
Differential and absolute ground rent
Differential ground rent and absolute ground rent are concepts used by Karl Marx in the third volume of Das Kapital to explain how the capitalist mode of production would operate in agricultural production, under the condition where most agricultural land was owned by a social class of land-owners who could obtain rent income from farm production. Rent as an economic category is regarded by Marx as one form of surplus value just like net interest income, net production taxes and industrial profits. Marx's main texts on rent theory can be found in the second (edited) volume of Theories of Surplus Value and in Part 6 of Capital, Volume III. Anwar M. Shaikh states that "These remarkably rich and insightful sections of his work are seldom mentioned in the Marxian literature, and are even less understood."

Renting
Renting, also known as hiring or letting, is an agreement where a payment is made for the use of a good, service or property owned by another over a fixed period of time. Typically a written agreement is signed to establish the roles and expectations of both the tenant and landlord.  There are many different types; a rental agreement tends to refer to short-term rental, whereas lease refers to longer-term rental, also known as leasing.
Zuelania
Zuelania guidonia is a species of shrub or tree native to the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America and is the only member of the genus Zuelania. Formerly classified in the Flacourtiaceae, phylogenetic analyses based on DNA data indicate that this species, along with its close relatives in Casearia, Samyda, Hecatostemon, and Laetia, are better placed in a broadly circumscribed Salicaceae. Zuelania differs from its close relatives in having a large, subsessile stigma.

Casearia
Casearia is a plant genus in the family Salicaceae. The genus was included in the Flacourtiaceae under the Cronquist system of angiosperm classification, and earlier in the Samydaceae.

They are sometimes employed as honey plants, notably C. decandra and C. sylvestris. The latter species is occasionally used as food by the caterpillars of the two-barred flasher (Astraptes fulgerator). Several species are becoming rare due to deforestation. Some appear close to extinction, and C. quinduensis of Colombia and C. tinifolia from Mauritius seem to be extinct since some time in the 20th century and about 1976, respectively.
Papegem
Papegem is a village in the municipality of Lede located in the Belgian province of East Flanders in the Denderstreek. It has an area of 0.58 km². The Wellebeek (a brook) which flows there belongs to the basin of the Molenbeek which originates from the Upper Scheldt, and flows through Erpe-Mere. In the past the Wellebeek was called the Papegemsche beek. It is bordered by the sub-municipalities of Oordegem, Smetlede and Impe, as well as the municipalities of Sint-Lievens-Houtem (sub-municipality Vlierzele) and Erpe-Mere (sub-municipality Erondegem, despite the small size of Papegem. In Papegem the Sint-Macharius Chapel can be found. Papegem belongs to the deanery of Herzele-Houtem.

Sint-Lievens-Houtem
Sint-Lievens-Houtem (Dutch: [sɪnt ˌlivəns ˈɦʌutəm] ⓘ; French: Hautem-Saint-Liévin, not officially recognized) is a Dutch-speaking municipality of Belgium. It is located in the Denderstreek and at the edge of the Flemish Ardennes, the hilly southern part of the province of East Flanders (Flemish Region). Sint-Lievens-Houtem is crossed by the Molenbeek in Vlierzele, Zonnegem and Letterhoutem.

It is named after Saint Livinus (Sint Lieven in Dutch), a Christian saint believed to have been buried there.

The town comprises the former municipalities of Bavegem, Letterhoutem, Sint-Lievens-Houtem proper, Vlierzele, and Zonnegem, and the hamlets of Espenhoek, Cotthem, and Hoogveld, formerly parts of Oombergen.
R.I. Bong Air Force Base
Richard I. Bong Air Force Base is an unfinished Air Force base. It was named after World War II aviator Major Richard Ira Bong. The base was intended to be an air defense fighter base for the Chicago and Milwaukee areas. It was conceived in the early 1950s and construction began in the mid-1950s. Construction had barely begun when the base was transferred to the Strategic Air Command. Eventually, the base was considered obsolete as it had become apparent to Air Force officials that the base would be redundant with installations nearby that would soon have space for more units. The base was abandoned in 1959 and disposed of the following year.

The base is not to be confused with the planned renaming of Spokane Air Force Base, Washington, as Bong Air Force Base, which was the planned name of that facility until General Muir Fairchild died on active duty in 1950, cementing "Fairchild" onto the name of the current Fairchild Air Force Base.

Charles A. Boyle
Charles Augustus Boyle (August 13, 1907 – November 4, 1959) was an American politician who was a U.S. representative from Chicago's north side representing Illinois's 12th congressional district from 1955 to his death in a car accident.
Glossary of geography terms (A–M)
This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic data. It is split across two articles:

This page, Glossary of geography terms (A–M), lists terms beginning with the letters A through M.

Glossary of geography terms (N–Z) lists terms beginning with the letters N through Z.

Related terms may be found in Glossary of geology, Glossary of agriculture, Glossary of environmental science, and Glossary of astronomy.

Glossary of geology
This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. For other terms related to the Earth sciences, see Glossary of geography terms (disambiguation).
Website promotion
Website promotion is a process used by webmasters to improve content and increase exposure of a website to bring more visitors.: 210  Many techniques such as search engine optimization and search engine submission are used to increase a site's traffic once content is developed.: 314

With the rise in popularity of social media platforms, many webmasters have moved to platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram for viral marketing. By sharing interesting content, webmasters hope that some of the audience will visit the website. 
Examples of viral content are infographics and memes.

Webmasters often hire outsourced or offshore firms to perform website promotion for them, many of whom provide "low-quality, assembly-line link building".

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Stephen's Sausage Roll
Stephen's Sausage Roll is a 2016 puzzle video game developed and published by Increpare Games, the studio of designer Stephen Lavelle. The player controls a character who pushes sausage links onto hot grill tiles to cook them. It was received well by critics and was praised by other prolific indie puzzle video game creators.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Wendell Steavenson
Wendell Steavenson (born 1970) is an American author and journalist. She received a Nieman Fellowship in 2014 and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2021. In 2016, her book Circling the Square was shortlisted for the Orwell Prize for Books, and in 2023, she was a finalist for the Orwell Prize for Journalism for four articles published in The Economist.

She has written for various new outlets, including The Guardian, Financial Times, Granta, and The New Yorker, among others.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Eastern tree hyrax
The eastern tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax validus) is a species of mammal within the family Procaviidae. The eastern tree hyrax is the most localized of the tree hyrax species, distributed patchily in a narrow band of lowland and montane forests in Kenya and Tanzania and adjacent islands.

Tree hyrax
The tree hyrax or tree dassie is a small nocturnal mammal native to Africa. Distantly related to elephants and sea cows, it comprises the four species in the genus Dendrohyrax, one of only three genera in the family Procaviidae, which is the only living family within the order Hyracoidea.

The four species are:

Analysis of calls found that they could be divided into 'shrieking' hyraxes and 'barking' hyraxes, with the barkers being a genetically distinct fourth species.

The tree hyrax has four-toed front feet and three-toed back feet with rounded nails, and rubbery soles that help it climb.
Amikam
Amikam (Hebrew: עַמִּיקָם) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located near Zikhron Ya'akov, it falls under the jurisdiction of Alona Regional Council, whose headquarters are located in the moshav. In 2023, it had a population of 761. West of the moshav is the Alona Park with the archaeological site Mey Kedem near the coastal city of Caesarea.

Caesarea (modern town)
Caesarea (/ˌsɛzəˈriːə, ˌsɛs-, ˌsiːz-/ SE(E)Z-ə-REE-ə, SESS-) is an affluent resort town in north-central Israel, which was named after the ancient city of Caesarea Maritima situated 1–2 kilometres (0.62–1.24 mi) to the south in the adjacent Caesarea National Park.

Located midway between Tel Aviv and Haifa on the coastal plain near the city of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. With a population of 5,765, it is the only Israeli locality managed by a private organization, the Caesarea Development Corporation, and also one of the most populous localities not recognized as a local council.
Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad
Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad, is an undergraduate and postgraduate, coeducational college situated in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. It was established in the year 1972. The college is affiliated with Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), is a public university located in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra. It is named after Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar, an Indian social reformer and political leader who chaired the committee that drafted the Constitution of India. The university was established on 23 August 1958. It is spread over 725 acres, making it the largest University in Maharashtra, India, in terms of total area.
Premio Ostana
The Ostana Prize – Writings in the Mother Tongue (Italian: Ostana Premio Scritture in Lingua Madre), is an annual prize and cultural initiative organized by the Municipality of Ostana and by the Cultural Association Chambra d'Oc. It is dedicated to languages and to literary authors who use a "mother tongue", a present-day minority language of territorial belonging, in their works. The event began in 2008 and is held in Ostana, a municipality in the Valle Po (Italy), every year at the beginning of June. It is open to the public with free admission.

Huave language
Huave (also spelled Wabe) is a language isolate spoken by the indigenous Huave people on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The language is spoken in four villages on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in the southeast of the state, by around 20,000 people (see table below).

Constenla Umaña (1994) suggests that Huave may have been the language of the Tacacho, a group that lived in a town called Yacacoyaua located in Maribio territory in sixteenth-century Nicaragua.
Solhan and Tadaryat massacres
On 4 and 5 June 2021, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) attacked the village of Solhan, Yagha Province, Burkina Faso. At least 160 people were killed in the massacres, making it the deadliest attacks up to that point in the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso since the start of the war in 2015.

Islamic State – Sahel Province
The Islamic State – Sahel Province (ISSP), formerly known as Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS), is an Islamist militant group adhering to the ideology of Salafi Jihadism. IS-GS was formed on 15 May 2015 as the result of a split within the militant group Al-Mourabitoun. The rift was a reaction to the adherence of one of its leaders, Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi, to the Islamic State. From March 2019 to 2022, IS-GS was formally part of the Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP); when it was also called "ISWAP-Greater Sahara". In March 2022, IS declared the province autonomous, separating it from its West Africa Province and naming it Islamic State – Sahel Province (ISSP).
Mount Saint Peter
Mount Saint Peter (French: Montagne Saint-Pierre; Dutch: Sint-Pietersberg), also referred to as Caestert Plateau, is the northern part of a plateau running north to south between the valleys of the river Geer to the west, and the Meuse to the east. The plateau runs from Maastricht in the Netherlands, through Riemst in Belgian Limburg almost to the city of Liège in Belgium, thus defining the topography of this border area between Flanders, Wallonia and the Netherlands. The name of the hill, as well as the nearby village and church of Sint Pieter and the fortress of Sint Pieter, refers to Saint Peter, one of the Twelve Apostles.

Jeker
The Jeker (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjeːkər] ⓘ; French: Geer, French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁ]) is a river in Belgium and in the Netherlands. It is a left-bank tributary to the river Meuse. The source of the Jeker is near the village of Geer, in the Belgian province of Liège. The river is approximately 54 kilometres (34 mi) long, of which about 50 kilometres (31 mi) is in Belgium (provinces of Liège and Limburg) and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) in the Netherlands (province of Limburg), where it flows into the river Meuse at Maastricht (Netherlands).

Places through which the Jeker passes include Waremme, Tongeren, Kanne, (all three in Belgium) and Maastricht.
2008 FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship
The 2008 FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship was the 20th edition of the FIBA Asia's youth basketball championship. The games were played in Tehran, Iran, from August 28 to September 5, 2008.

The top three teams qualified for the 2009 FIBA Under-19 World Championship.

FIBA Under-18 Asia Cup
The FIBA U18 Asia Cup, formerly known as the Asian Basketball Confederation Junior Championship, FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship and FIBA U18 Asian Championship, is a biennial international men's under-18 basketball competition organized by FIBA Asia.

The event also serves as a qualification tournament for the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, where the top four finishers automatically qualify.
Ludza (river)
The Ludza (Latvian: Ludza, Russian: Лжа, Lzha) is a 156 kilometres (97 mi) long river in Ludza, Cibla, and Kārsava municipalities of Latvia and in Krasnogorodsky and Pytalovsky Districts of Pskov Oblast of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Utroya.

The source of the Ludza is Greater Ludza Lake near the town of Ludza, Latvia. The river flows east, turns north and a part of it forms part of the Latvia–Russia border. Further north, it turns northeast and departs to the Russian side, forming the border between Krasnogorosdky and Pytalovsky Districts of Pskov Oblast. In Russia, the Ludza is known as the Lzha. Even further north, the Lzha turns north and joins the Utroya close to the village of Khudyaki.

Latvia–Russia border
The Latvia–Russia border is the state border between Republic of Latvia (EU member) and the Russian Federation (CIS member). The length of the border is 283.6 kilometres (176.2 mi). Since 2004, it has been an eastern part of external border of the European Union,  Schengen Area and NATO.
2024 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 2024 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 116th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 3 June 2024. The championship ran from 4 August to 20 October 2024.

Portaferry were the defending champions.

The final was played on 20 October 2024 at Páirc Esler in Newry, between Portaferry and Ballygalget. Portaferry won the match by 3–21 to 2–14 to claim their 24th championship title overall and a third title in succession.

2023 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 2023 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 115th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 28 June 2023. The championship ran from 6 August to October 2023.

Portaferry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 22 October 2023 at Páirc Esler in Newry, between Portaferry and Ballycran, in what was their sixth consecutive meeting in the final. Portaferry won the match by 0–20 to 0–16 to claim their 23rd championship title overall and a second title in succession.
Garry Kenneth
Garry James Alexander Kenneth (born 21 June 1987) is a Scottish former footballer, who played as a centre back for Dundee United, Cowdenbeath, Bristol Rovers, Brechin City, Carnoustie Panmure, Adamstown Rosebud and Skonto Riga. He also represented Scotland twice at full international level.

2006 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The UEFA European Under-19 Championship 2006 Final Tournament was held in Poland between 18 July and 29 July 2006. The top three teams in each group qualified for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Players born after 1 January 1987 were allowed to participate in this competition.
2011 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2011 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 13th edition of the EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 20 to 28 August 2011 in Mönchengladbach, Germany.

This tournament also served as a qualifier for the 2012 Olympics, with the finalists and the team finishing in third position earning a spot. However, because England finished in the top three, the fourth team (Belgium) qualified instead, as England cannot qualify as a nation for the Olympics (they automatically participated as Great Britain).

The hosts Germany won its seventh title by defeating the Netherlands 4–2 in the final. The defending champions England won the bronze medal by defeating Belgium 2–1.

Men's EuroHockey Championship
The Men's EuroHockey Championship is an international men's field hockey competition organised by the European Hockey Federation (EHF) for the top eight European national teams. It is the top division of the EuroHockey Championships. The tournament started in 1970. When the tournament is held close to the Summer Olympic games or the Men's FIH Hockey World Cup, the winner of the tournament is awarded a place in those competitions.

The tournament has been won by five different national teams: Germany has the most titles with nine, the Netherlands follow with seven, Spain has two wins and England and Belgium have one title each.

The most recent edition, held in Mönchengladbach, Germany, was won by the Germany who won their ninth title by defeating the Netherlands 4–1 in the shoot-out in the final.