hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surface Laptop 5
The Microsoft Surface Laptop 5 is a laptop computer developed by Microsoft to replace the outgoing Surface Laptop 4. The device was announced on October 12, 2022, alongside the Surface Pro 9 and Surface Studio 2+. Key differences from its predecessor include newer Intel Alder Lake processors, support for Thunderbolt 4, the removal of AMD configuration options, and the replacement of the Ice Blue fabric finish option with the Sage metal option. The laptop comes preinstalled with the Windows 11 operating system.

Alder Lake
Alder Lake is Intel's codename for the 12th generation of Intel Core processors based on a hybrid architecture utilizing Golden Cove performance cores and Gracemont efficient cores. It was launched on November 4, 2021. It is fabricated using Intel's Intel 7 process, previously referred to as Intel 10 nm Enhanced SuperFin (10ESF). The 10ESF has a 10–15% boost in performance over the 10SF used in the mobile Tiger Lake processors. Intel officially announced 12th Gen Intel Core CPUs on October 27, 2021, mobile CPUs and non-K series desktop CPUs on January 4, 2022, Alder Lake-P and -U series on February 23, 2022, and Alder Lake-HX series on May 10, 2022.
Fessenden oscillator
A Fessenden oscillator is an electro-acoustic transducer invented by Reginald Fessenden, with development starting in 1912 at the Submarine Signal Company of Boston. It was the first successful acoustical echo ranging device. Similar in operating principle to a dynamic voice coil loudspeaker, it was an early kind of transducer, capable of creating underwater sounds and of picking up their echoes.

The creation of this device was motivated by the RMS Titanic disaster of 1912, which highlighted the need to protect ships from collisions with icebergs,  obstacles, and other ships. Because of its relatively low operating frequency, it has been replaced in modern transducers by piezoelectric devices.

Transducer
A transducer is a device that usefully converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.). The process of converting one form of energy to another is known as transduction.
Cassette culture
The cassette culture (also known as the tape/cassette scene or cassette underground) is the amateur production and distribution of music and sound art on compact cassette that emerged in the mid-1970s. The cassette was used by fine artists and poets for the independent distribution of new work. An independent music scene based on the cassette burgeoned internationally in the second half of the 1970s.

Nocturnal Emissions
Nocturnal Emissions is Nigel Ayers's sound art project that has released numerous records and CDs in music styles ranging from electro-acoustic, musique concrète, hybridised beats, sound collage, post-industrial music, ambient and noise music.
Their sound art has been part of an ongoing multimedia campaign of guerrilla sign ontology utilizing video art, film, hypertext and other media, particularly collage.
Great Indonesia Unity Party
The Great Indonesia Unity Party (Indonesian: Partai Parsatuan Indonesia Raya, PIR) was an Indonesian political party established in 1948. It was founded by a group of dissenters who broke away from the Indonesian National Party (PNI) because of their dissatisfaction with the PNI's increasingly left-wing stance. Its chairman was Wongsonegoro, governor of Central Java. The party aimed to be based on neither religion like the Masjumi or a western political outlook (like the PNI). Initially known as the PNI-Merdeka (PNI-Independent) it subsequently changed its name to the Great Indonesia Unity Party.

In 1954, following an internal dispute about whether the party should continue to serve in the cabinet, it split into two factions. In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, the faction led by Wongsonegoro won 0.5 percent of the vote, while the faction led by Hazairin won 0.3 percent. Each faction was awarded one seat in the legislature, the People's Consultative Assembly.

Masyumi Party
The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations (Indonesian: Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party or simply Masyumi, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy period of the 1950s. In 1960, the Masyumi was banned by President Sukarno for supporting the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) rebellion.
Charles R. Lord
Charles Richard Lord (April 4, 1931 – February 8, 1993) was an American intelligence official who was Deputy Director of the National Security Agency from 1986 to 1988 during which time he was the highest ranking civilian in the agency.

Deputy Director of the National Security Agency
The deputy director of the National Security Agency (DDIRNSA) is the highest-ranking civilian within the National Security Agency. As the senior civilian at NSA, the deputy director acts as the agency's chief operating officer, guiding and directing strategies and policy, and serves as the principal advisor to the director of the NSA. The deputy director reports to the NSA director and is required to be a technically experienced civilian.
Darmstädter Ferienkurse
Darmstädter Ferienkurse (Darmstadt Summer Course) is a regular summer event of contemporary classical music in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany. It was founded in 1946, under the name "Ferienkurse für Internationale Neue Musik Darmstadt" (Vacation Courses of International New Music in Darmstadt), as a gathering with lectures and concerts over several summer weeks. Composers, performers, theorists and philosophers of contemporary music met first annually until 1970, and then biennially. The event was organised by the Kranichsteiner Musikinstitut, which was renamed Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt (IMD). It is regarded as a leading international forum of contemporary and experimental music with a focus on composition. The festival awards the Kranichsteiner Musikpreis for performers and young composers.

Kranichstein
Kranichstein is a district in the German city of Darmstadt. Housing construction in the area started in the 1960s and it now also has a number of residential high-rises. The district is often referred to as Darmstadt-Kranichstein.
Iraqi intervention in the Syrian civil war
The Iraqi intervention in the Syrian civil war comprises Iraqi state action—most notably limited Iraqi Air Force cross-border airstrikes against ISIL in 2018—and the deployment of Iraqi-origin militias aligned with the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and Iran to Syrian fronts from 2013 onward in defense of the Assad regime. Iraqi activities in and around Syria were intertwined with the regional war against ISIL, Baghdad’s border security imperatives, and the formation of a four-way intelligence cell with Russia, Iran and Syria in 2015.

2017 Abu Kamal offensive
The 2017 Abu Kamal offensive, codenamed Operation Fajr-3 (translated Operation Dawn 3), was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army and its allies against members of the Islamic State (IS) in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. The aim of the offensive was to capture IS's last urban stronghold in Syria, the border town of Abu Kamal. This offensive was a part of the larger Eastern Syria campaign.

The offensive took place at the same time as the Western Iraq campaign, which was aimed at recapturing the IS-held border town of Al-Qa'im and the rest of western Iraq.
Philippa de Beauchamp
Philippa de Stafford, Countess of Stafford (before 1344 – 6 April 1386), was a late medieval English noblewoman and the daughter of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, KG, and Katherine Mortimer. Her maternal grandfather was the powerful Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.

Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (7 January 1355 – 8 or 9 September 1397) was the fifth surviving son and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He led the rebellion of the Lords Appellant against his nephew, King Richard II, in 1388. In 1397, he was accused of treason and imprisoned; while awaiting trial, he was assassinated, presumably on Richard's orders.
Gmina Raciążek
Gmina Raciążek is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Raciążek, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Aleksandrów Kujawski and 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 32.89 square kilometres (12.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,084.

Aleksandrów Kujawski
Aleksandrów Kujawski [alɛkˈsandruf kuˈjafskʲi] ⓘ (until 1879: Trojanów, 1879–1919: Aleksandrów Pograniczny) is a town in north-central Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Aleksandrów County, as well as of Gmina Aleksandrów Kujawski (although it is not part of the territory of that gmina). It is situated about 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Toruń. As of December 2022 Aleksandrów Kujawski has an area of 7.23 km2 (2.79 sq mi) and a population of 11,536.
1997–1998 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series
The 1997–1998 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series was a series of stages where events in men's and women's artistic gymnastics were contested. The International Gymnastics Federation revived the World Cup, an event which was not held since 1990, as a two-year long competition, culminating at a final event — the World Cup Final in 1998. A number of qualifier stages were held. The top 3 gymnast in each apparatus at the qualifier events would receive medals and prize money. Gymnasts who finished in the top 8 would also receive points that would be added up to a ranking which would qualify individual gymnasts for the biennial World Cup Final.

Artistic Gymnastics World Cup
The Artistic Gymnastics World Cup is a competition series for artistic gymnastics sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). It is one of the few tournaments in artistic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships and the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics.
MRC 1138−262
The Spiderweb Galaxy (PGC 2826829, MRC 1138−262) is an irregular galaxy located in the Hydra constellation, with a redshift of 2.156, which is 10.6 billion light years from the Milky Way. It has been imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope on 12 October 2006. It was thoroughly studied through radio astronomy, but it was not until the Hubble Space Telescope took a mosaic of photographs from May 17 to May 22, 2005, that its true nature became known. This was documented for the first time on October 10, 2006, in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, volume 650, number 1. The photography was carried out using an advanced camera for surveys by a team led by George K. Miley of the Netherlands' Leiden Observatory.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
Distance (band)
Distance was a late-1980s rock/funk band led by bassist/producer Bernard Edwards, patterned after the Power Station. The band was composed of former Chic and the Power Station members Edwards (bass) and Tony Thompson (drums) with future Bad Company member Robert Hart on lead vocals, and noted session musicians Eddie Martinez on guitar and Jeff Bova on keyboards.

This "supergroup" released only one album, 1989's Under the One Sky on Reprise Records. The album failed to make the chart and produced no hits. Richard Drummie, one half of Go West, has a co-writing credit on the track "Everytime I Stand Up".

Distance appeared as the club band in the 1987 Whoopi Goldberg movie, Burglar. Edwards was the film's "music producer", and was credited for the songs that appeared within.

The Power Station (band)
The Power Station were a British-American 1980s/1990s rock and pop music supergroup originally formed in New York City and London in 1984. It was made up of singer Robert Palmer, former Chic drummer Tony Thompson, and Duran Duran members John Taylor (bass) and Andy Taylor (guitar). Bernard Edwards, also of Chic, was involved on the studio side as recording producer and for a short time also functioned as the Power Station's manager. Edwards also replaced John Taylor on bass for the recording of the band's second album. The band was formed in New York City late in 1984 during a break in Duran Duran's schedule that became a lengthy hiatus. The Power Station was named after the Power Station recording studio in New York, where their first album was conceived and recorded.
MIAT Mongolian Airlines
MIAT Mongolian Airlines is the state-owned flag carrier of Mongolia, headquartered in the MIAT Building in the country's capital of Ulaanbaatar. The airline operates scheduled services from its base at Chinggis Khaan International Airport in Sergelen, near Ulaanbaatar, and is the largest airline in Mongolia by fleet size and destination count. Originally commencing operations in 1956, MIAT exclusively used Soviet aircraft until Mongolia's transition to a market economy in the 1990s, now operating a mix of Boeing and Bombardier jets.

Antonov An-26
The Antonov An-26 (NATO reporting name: Curl, nicknamed Nastia in the USSR) is a twin-engined turboprop regional airliner and military transport aircraft, designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1986. It is the third member of the Antonov An-24 family, coming after the An-24 and An-30, while preceding the An-32 and cancelled An-132. The An-26 is license-produced in China as the Xi'an Y-7.
The Human Barrier
"The Human Barrier" was an American television play that was broadcast by CBS on July 29, 1957, as part of the television series, Westinghouse Studio One Summer Theatre.  The production reviews the investigation into the crash of an Air Force test plane and the human limitations on supersonic and high altitude flight.

Studio One (American TV series)
Studio One is an American anthology drama television series that was adapted from a radio series. It was created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle, who came to CBS from the CBC. It premiered on November 7, 1948, and ended on September 29, 1958, with a total of 467 episodes over the course of 10 seasons.
Phil Comeau
Phil Comeau CM ONB ONS (born 1956) is a Canadian film and television director, best known for his work in both dramatic and documentary cinema. A prominent figure in Acadian and Canadian filmmaking, his work has been recognized internationally, having received over 700 awards at film festivals around the world. . He resides in both Moncton, New Brunswick and Montreal, Quebec.

Order of La Pléiade
The Order of La Pléiade (French pronunciation: [la ple.jad]; French: Ordre de la Pléiade de l'Association des parlementaires de langue française) is an honorary order of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. It recognizes people who particularly distinguished themselves in the service of its ideals of cooperation and friendship, promoting the role of the French language in their own countries or in the world. It was created in 1976 on initiative of the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie.
Lou Terreaux
Lou Terreaux (born 14 April 2002) is a French ice dancer. With former partner, Noé Perron, she is the 2022 Bavarian Open and Bosphorus Cup bronze medalist. The two represented France at the 2020 World Junior Championships.

Master's de Patinage
The Master's de Patinage is an annual domestic French figure skating competition held in the autumn. Skaters compete in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
Topografov Island
Topografov Island (68°30′S 78°11′E﻿ / ﻿68.500°S 78.183°E﻿ / -68.500; 78.183) is an island just north of Partizan Island in the north part of the entrance to Langnes Fjord, Vestfold Hills in Antarctica. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). Subsequently, photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1954–58) and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). The latter named it Ostrov Topografov (topographers' island).

Partizan Island
Partizan Island is an island in Antarctica. This hook-shaped island 5.6 kilometres (3 nmi) long lies in the middle of the entrance to Langnes Fjord, Vestfold Hills. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). They gave the name Onguloy (Fishook Island), but that name might be confused with the better known Ongul Island, the site of recent Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions. The area was subsequently photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1954–58), and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). It was renamed Ostrov Partizan (Partisan Island) by the Soviet expedition.
1902 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1902 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on October 1, 1902, in order to elect the Governor of Georgia. Democratic nominee and incumbent Attorney General of Georgia Joseph M. Terrell defeated People's Party nominee and candidate in the 1894 election J. K. Hines in a landslide.

1894 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1894 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on October 3, 1894, in order to elect the Governor of Georgia. Democratic nominee and former Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives William Yates Atkinson defeated People's Party nominee J. K. Hines.
Western Front (Soviet Union)
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.

The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the Western Special Military District (which before July 1940 was known as Belorussian Special Military District). The first Front Commander was Dmitry Pavlov (continuing from his position as District Commander since June 1940).

The western boundary of the Front in June 1941 was 470 km (290 mi) long, from the southern border of Lithuania to the Pripyat River and the town of Włodawa. It connected with the adjacent North-Western Front, which extended from the Lithuanian border to the Baltic Sea, and the Southwestern Front in Ukraine.

Northwestern Front
The Northwestern Front (Russian: Северо-Западный фронт) was a military formation of the Red Army during the Winter War and World War II. It was operational with the 7th and 13th Armies during the Winter War. It was re-created on 22 June 1941, the first day of the Eastern Front on the basis of the Baltic Special Military District. On 22 June the Front consisted of the 8th, 11th, and 27th Armies, as well as the 5th Airborne Corps and the headquarters of the 65th Rifle Corps.
Giuseppe Crespi
Giuseppe Maria Crespi (14 March 1665 – 16 July 1747), nicknamed Lo Spagnuolo ("The Spaniard"), was an Italian late Baroque painter of the Bolognese School. His eclectic output includes religious paintings and portraits, but he is now most famous for his genre paintings.

Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
The Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː ˈʔaltə ˈmaɪstɐ], Old Masters Gallery) in Dresden, Germany, displays around 750 paintings from the 15th to the 18th centuries. It includes major Italian Renaissance works as well as Dutch and Flemish paintings. Outstanding works by German, French, and Spanish painters of the period are also among the gallery's attractions.

The Old Masters are part of the Dresden State Art Collections. The collection is located in the Semper Gallery, the gallery wing of the Zwinger.
Biryuchensky Uyezd
Biryuchensky Uyezd (Бирюченский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Voronezh Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Biryuch.

Biryuch
Biryuch (Russian: Бирю́ч) is a town and the administrative center of Krasnogvardeysky District in Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Tikhaya Sosna River. Its population was 7,114 (2021 Census); 7,846 (2010 Census); 8,079 (2002 Census); 8,526 (1989 Soviet census)..

It was previously known as Biryuchenskoye Komissarstvo (until January 27, 1919), Budyonny (until 1958), Krasnogvardeyskoye (until January 30, 2007).
HD 163376
HD 163376 is a single star in the southern constellation of Scorpius. It has a ruddy hue and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.88. The distance to this star, as determined using parallax measurements, is approximately 450 light years. It is drifting further from the Sun with a radial velocity of about 4 km/s. The absolute magnitude of this star is −0.82.

This object is an aging red giant star with a stellar classification of M0 III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core then cooled and expanded. At present it has a radius around 61 times the radius of the Sun. It is a suspected variable star of unknown type, with a brightness that has been measured ranging from 4.94 down to 4.98. The star is radiating 832 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,972 K.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
LGBTQ rights in Maine
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of Maine have the same legal rights as non-LGBTQ people. Same-sex marriage has been recognized in Maine since December 2012, following a referendum in which a majority of voters approved an initiative to legalize same-sex marriage. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is prohibited in the areas of employment, housing, credit and public accommodations. In addition, the use of conversion therapy on minors has been outlawed since 2019, and joint adoption is permitted for same-sex couples.

Governor of Maine
The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive.

The current governor of Maine is Janet Mills, a Democrat, who took office January 2, 2019.

The governor of Maine receives a salary of $70,000, which is the lowest salary out of all 50 state governors, as of 2022. This will be raised to $125,000 upon a new governor taking office in 2026, per a bill passed in 2025, as the Maine Constitution prohibits changing the salary of the sitting governor.
Barbus sperchiensis
Barbus sperchiensis is a disputed species of cyprinid fish in the genus Barbus. It is a freshwater fish endemic to the Spercheios river complex, Central Greece.

It is sometimes included in B. cyclolepis.

Spercheios
The Spercheios (Greek: Σπερχειός, Sperkheiós), also known as the Spercheus from its Latin name, is a river in Phthiotis in central Greece. It is 80 km (50 mi) long, and its drainage area is 1,830 km2 (710 sq mi). It was worshipped as a god in the ancient Greek religion and appears in some collections of Greek mythology. In antiquity, its upper valley was known as Ainis. In AD 997, its valley was the site of the Battle of Spercheios, which ended Bulgarian incursions into the Byzantine Empire.

It is referenced in a surviving fragment of Aeschylus' play Philoctetes, quoted in The Frogs, as a place for cattle.