hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pakistan–United States relations
Pakistan and the United States established relations on 15 August 1947, a day after the independence of Pakistan, when the United States became one of the first nations to recognise the country.

The relationship between the two nations has been described as a "roller coaster" characterised by close coordination and lows marked by deep bilateral estrangement. Despite its troubled history, the Pakistani military once occupied an important place in American geopolitical strategy, and has been a major non-NATO ally since 2002. After Pakistan's participation in the Afghan peace process and the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan in 2021, a sizeable number of US policy makers are revisiting the United States' relations with Pakistan. At the same time, the strategic convergence of the United States and India has also brought greater pressure on Pakistani diplomacy.

Minister of Finance (Pakistan)
The Minister of Finance of Pakistan (Urdu: 'Wazīr-ē-Khazana') is a leading cabinet member who heads the Ministry of Finance in the Government of Pakistan. The Minister is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's budget to the Parliament of Pakistan. Muhammad Aurangzeb is currently serving as the Finance Minister since March 11, 2024.
Kiromal Katibin
Kiromal Katibin (born 21 August 2000) is an Indonesian competition climber who specializes in competition speed climbing. He was the world record holder in speed climbing, with a time of 5.009 seconds recorded at 2022 IFSC Climbing World Cup in Chamonix, France in July 2022, until it was broken by his compatriot Veddriq Leonardo in April 2023. He finished second overall in the men's speed category during the 2021 IFSC Climbing World Cup series. Katibin also has four career IFSC Climbing World Cup medals, all in speed.

IFSC Climbing World Cup
The IFSC Climbing World Cup is a series of competition climbing events held during the year at various locations around the world, organized by the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC). At each event, the athletes compete in three disciplines: lead, bouldering, and speed. The number of events varies from year to year, and the winners for each discipline are decided by the points accumulated in the year.

The first World Cup was held in 1989 and included only lead competition climbing events. Speed climbing was introduced in 1998, and bouldering in 1999. For 18 seasons, from 1989 to 2006, World Cups were held under the auspices of the International Council for Competition Climbing which was part of the UIAA; they were called UIAA Climbing World Cups. Since 2007, they have been held under the auspices of the IFSC.
Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems (after Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking) are a set of results in general relativity that attempt to answer the question of when gravitation produces singularities. The Penrose singularity theorem is a theorem in semi-Riemannian geometry and its general relativistic interpretation predicts a gravitational singularity in black hole formation. The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation. Penrose shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity".

Stress–energy tensor
The stress–energy tensor, sometimes called the stress–energy–momentum tensor or the energy–momentum tensor, is a tensor field quantity that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum at each point in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics. It is an attribute of matter, radiation, and non-gravitational force fields. This density and flux of energy and momentum are the sources of the gravitational field in the Einstein field equations of general relativity, just as mass density is the source of such a field in Newtonian gravity.
Geoff Pryor
Geoffrey Pryor (born 1944 in Canberra) is a retired Australian political cartoonist. He was the editorial cartoonist for The Canberra Times newspaper between 1978 and 2008. During this 30-year career, Pryor generally drew seven cartoons per week for the newspaper. Pryor's style was influenced by his predecessor at The Canberra Times, Larry Pickering. His graphic style is ornate, much more detailed and portrait-like than that of such contemporaries as Patrick Cook. He was cartoonist for The Saturday Paper until his "second retirement" in December 2018.

Patrick Cook
Patrick St. John Cook (born 6 August 1949) is an Australian cartoonist, satirical writer and performer known for his work in The National Times, The Bulletin and on television.

Cook was born in Weymouth, England, and emigrated to Australia as a child. He received no formal art training, instead working as a cartoonist and illustrator on several Sydney university newspapers. His friend Bob Ellis got him a job at Nation Review in 1971, where he began his career as an editorial cartoonist.

His controversial newspaper cartoons made him a household name, and a court hearing on his cartoon about architect Harry Seidler made front-page news in 1984. He received a number of Walkley Awards for his print cartooning.

He co-wrote and featured in the satirical ABC television series The Gillies Report, which was broadcast in 1984 and 1985, and The Dingo Principle which was broadcast in 1987.

He is married to the writer and comedian Jean Kittson and they have two daughters.
Heteronychus arator
Heteronychus arator (hetero+onychus = 'variable claw', arator = 'ploughman') is a species of beetle in the subfamily Dynastinae (the rhinoceros beetles). It is commonly called African black beetle or black lawn beetle. It is native to Africa and it is an introduced species in Australia, Norfolk Island and the North Island of New Zealand.

Dynastinae
Dynastinae or rhinoceros beetles are a subfamily of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae), named for their rhinoceros-like horns. Other common names – some for particular groups of rhinoceros beetles – include Hercules beetles, unicorn beetles or horn beetles. Over 1,500 species and 225 genera of rhinoceros beetles are known.

Many rhinoceros beetles are well known for their unique shapes and large sizes. Some famous species are, for example, the Atlas beetle (Chalcosoma atlas), common rhinoceros beetle (Xylotrupes ulysses), elephant beetle (Megasoma elephas), European rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes nasicornis), Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules), Japanese rhinoceros beetle or kabutomushi (Allomyrina dichotoma), ox beetle (Strategus aloeus) and the Eastern Hercules beetle (Dynastes tityus).
2018 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 86 kg
The men's freestyle 86 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Budapest, Hungary on 20 and 21 October.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2018 World Wrestling Championships
The 2018 World Wrestling Championships were the 15th edition of World Wrestling Championships of combined events and were held from 20 to 28 October in Budapest, Hungary.

Russia claimed 10 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals, its best ever overall result in the post-Soviet era. In Greco-Roman Wrestling Russian athletes showed the best ever result since 1990.
Garfield Kart
Garfield Kart is a kart racing game published by Anuman Interactive and developed by Artefacts Studio. The game is based on The Garfield Show, which is based on the American comic strip Garfield. Garfield creator Jim Davis was executive producer. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, Nintendo 3DS, iOS, and Android.

Kart racing game
A kart racing game, also known as cart racing game or go-kart racing game, is a subgenre of racing games. Kart racing games have simplified driving mechanics while including unusual racetrack designs, obstacles, and vehicular combat. Though the genre has its roots in the 1980s, Super Mario Kart (1992) popularized the genre, with its subsequent series still being considered the foremost kart racing franchise.
George E. Birge House
The George E. Birge House is a historical residence located in the Edison District of Centralia, Washington and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. The Queen Anne-style home was built by George Birge in the mid-1890s. Birge was a noted Lewis County, Washington businessman, particularly in timber. The historic, asymmetrical house, known for its turret and exterior color scheme, has remained a private residence during its lifetime.

Centralia, Washington
Centralia (/sɛnˈtreɪliə/) is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located along Interstate 5 near the midpoint between Seattle and Portland, Oregon. The city had a population of 18,183 at the 2020 census. Centralia is twinned with Chehalis, located to the south near the confluence of the Chehalis and Newaukum rivers.
Granulin
Granulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRN gene. Each granulin protein is cleaved from the precursor progranulin, a 593 amino-acid-long and 68.5 kDa protein. While the function of progranulin and granulin have yet to be determined, both forms of the protein have been implicated in development, inflammation, cell proliferation and protein homeostasis. The 2006 discovery of the GRN mutation in a population of patients with frontotemporal dementia has spurred much research in uncovering the function and involvement in disease of progranulin in the body. While there is a growing body of research on progranulin's role in the body, studies on specific granulin residues are still limited.

Metabolic disorder
A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Metabolic disorders can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Children's Series
The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Children's Series was an Emmy award honoring direction in children's television programming. Since 1979, direction in children's series and specials competed in the same category. However, by the nineties, separate categories were created for the two mediums. In November 2021, it was announced that all Daytime Emmy categories honoring children's programming will be retired in favor of a separate Children's & Family Emmy Awards ceremony that will be held starting in 2022.

Square One Television
Square One Television (sometimes referred to as Square One or Square One TV) is an American children's television program produced by the Children's Television Workshop (now known as Sesame Workshop), with a mathematics theme.

The program was created and broadcast by PBS in the United States from January 26, 1987 to November 6, 1992. After the last episode aired, the show went into reruns until October 7, 1994. The show was revived for the 1995–96 PBS season as a teacher instruction program, Square One TV Math Talk.

From 1999 to 2003, Square One was shown in reruns on Noggin, a cable channel co-founded by Sesame Workshop.
Kamakshipalya
Kamakshipalya is a neighbourhood located in the western part of the city of Bangalore. Located along the Magadi Road, it is bound by Basaveshwaranagar, Vijayanagar and Nagarbhavi. The Outer Ring Road lies to the west of Kamakshipalya.

Kamakshipalya features in the list of ten traffic "black spots" of Bangalore compiled by the city traffic police, with the Nagarbhavi Ring Road–Magadi Road–Sumanahalli Flyover (Outer Ring Road) stretch witnessing large number of traffic accidents and deaths.

Basaveshwaranagara
Basaveshwaranagara, also known as Basaveshwaranagar, Basaveshnagara or Basaveshnagar is a largely residential neighbourhood in the west of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is located to the west of Rajajinagara and is sandwiched between the localities of Mahalakshmi Layout to the north and Vijayanagara to the south, spread across multiple sub-localities, three assembly constituencies and seven Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) wards. The area of Basaveshwaranagara is often considered West of Chord Road as it lies to the west of Chord Road, an arterial road in the western part of Bengaluru.
DuMont Building
The DuMont Building (also known as 515 Madison Avenue) is a 532-foot (162 m) high, 42-story building located at 53rd Street and Madison Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, United States.

The building was built in art deco and neo-Gothic style by John H. Carpenter and designed by his brother, architect J.E.R. Carpenter who also designed Lincoln Tower as well as nearly 125 buildings along Fifth Avenue and Park Avenue.

One Grand Central Place
One Grand Central Place, originally the Lincoln Building, is a 55-story, 673 feet (205 m) tall neo-Gothic office building at 60 East 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is bounded by Madison Avenue to the west, East 41st Street to the south, and Park Avenue to the east. One Grand Central Place is near other skyscrapers such as the Chrysler Building, MetLife Building, and One Vanderbilt. It has direct in-building access to Grand Central Terminal to the north. As of 2021, it is the 91st-tallest building in the city, tied with the 277 Fifth Avenue, Barclay Tower, and One Court Square. The building is assigned its own ZIP Code, 10165; it was one of 41 buildings in Manhattan that had their own ZIP Codes as of 2019.
Peroni Brewery
Peroni Brewery (Italian pronunciation: [peˈroːni]) is a Japanese owned brewing company founded by Francesco Peroni in Vigevano, Italy, in 1846.

In 2016, as part of agreements made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller, the company sold Peroni to Asahi Breweries.

Molson Coors Beverage Company produces Peroni at its Albany, Georgia, brewery.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
Mount Bishop (Elk Range)
Mount Bishop is a mountain named in 1918 after W.A. "Billy" Bishop VC who was a Colonel and a Canadian fighter pilot awarded the Victoria Cross during World War I. It is located in the Elk Range of the Canadian Rockies and sits on the Continental Divide, which forms the British Columbia-Alberta border in this area.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Romanian Orthodox Cathedral, Vršac
The Romanian Orthodox Cathedral or specifically Cathedral of Lord's Ascension of Vršac (Romanian: Catedrala Înălțarea Domnului din Vârșeț, Serbian: Румунска православна црква у Вршцу) is a church in Vršac, Vojvodina, Serbia, consecrated in 1912. It is the cathedral of the Diocese of Dacia Felix.

Diocese of Dacia Felix
The Diocese of Dacia Felix (Romanian: Episcopia Daciei Felix; Serbian: Епархија Дакија Феликс, romanized: Eparhija Dakija Feliks) is the Romanian Orthodox diocese of the Romanians in Serbia (including the Timok Vlachs).
The Queen of Flow season 2
The second season of the Colombian television series The Queen of Flow, aired in Colombia on Caracol Televisión from 26 April 2021 to 10 September 2021. The season follows Yeimy Montoya (Carolina Ramírez), who after achieving fame and success in music she decides to give herself a chance in love with Juancho Mesa (Andrés Sandoval), not knowing that soon in her life, an enemy who knows her and all her loved ones very well. Meanwhile, Carlos Cruz/Charly Flow (Carlos Torres) makes merits to get out of prison.

The season was ordered in October 2018 and production started in January 2020. Subsequently, it had to be postponed due to several cases of coronavirus as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia and activities were resumed in October of that same year.

The Queen of Flow
The Queen of Flow (Spanish: La Reina del Flow) is a Colombian telenovela produced by Sony Pictures Television and Teleset for Caracol Televisión. It is a musical telenovela based on the genre of reggaeton. The series stars Carolina Ramírez, Carlos Torres, and Andrés Sandoval.

On 9 October 2018, Caracol Televisión confirmed that the show has been renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on 26 April 2021. On 17 September 2024, the series was renewed for a third season that premiered on 13 January 2026.
Mereotopology
In formal ontology, a branch of metaphysics, and in ontological computer science, mereotopology is a first-order theory, embodying mereological and topological concepts, of the relations among wholes, parts, parts of parts, and the boundaries between parts.

Interior (topology)
In mathematics, specifically in topology,
the interior of a subset S of a topological space X is the union of all subsets of S that are open in X.
A point that is in the interior of S is an interior point of S.
The interior of S is the complement of the closure of the complement of S.
In this sense interior and closure are dual notions.

The exterior of a set S is the complement of the closure of S; it consists of the points that are in neither the set nor its boundary.
The interior, boundary, and exterior of a subset together partition the whole space into three blocks (or fewer when one or more of these is empty).
DIL (musician)
Dil Anthony Ajufo aka Mr DiL is a British-Nigerian actor, singer and record producer. He is also a film editor, audio sound engineer and AMVCA nominee known for his work on Anikulapo, She Must Be Obeyed, Sugar Rush, Nneka The Pretty Serpent, Introducing The Kuju’s and The Order Of Things. In music, He is also known for his music including the sound track to the Kasanova movie Don’t Let Go and his song Pretty Girls featuring Iyanya. His previous work includes his collaboration with Yemi Alade on the popular song Temperature. as well as production and collaboration credits with artists including Wizkid  Red Rhythm Boyz II Men, Leona Lewis, Michelle Williams Electric Giant Beatz and more. He won a silver sales award for his work on the Lavelle smith  Bodylicious soundtrack. His production company is called Trakk Studios and his film credits include Sugar Rush, Kasanova, Nneka the Pretty Serpent, Clued Up and more.

Kasanova
Kasanova is a 2019 Nigerian romantic comedy film directed by Oluseyi Asurf and produced by Eddy Young with Faith Ojo as its Executive Producer. The film was primarily shot in Lagos, Nigeria. It stars Wale Ojo, Iretiola Doyle and Toyin Abraham in the lead roles. The film was premiered at the Filmhouse Cinema on 11 September 2019. The film had its theatrical release on 13 September 2019 and opened to highly positive reviews. The film became a box office success and was the highest grossing Nigerian film in September 2019.
The soundtrack “Don’t Let Go” was performed by British-Nigerian artist Mr DiL
Norwegian phonology
The sound system of Norwegian resembles that of Swedish. There is considerable variation among the dialects, and all pronunciations are considered by official policy to be equally correct – there is no official spoken standard, although it can be said that Eastern Norwegian Bokmål speech (not Norwegian Bokmål in general) has an unofficial spoken standard, called Urban East Norwegian or Standard East Norwegian (Norwegian: standard østnorsk), loosely based on the speech of the literate classes of the Oslo area. This variant is the most common one taught to foreign students.

There is no official standard variety of Norwegian, and local dialects are used extensively in spoken and visual media.

Unless noted otherwise, this article describes the phonology of Urban East Norwegian. The spelling is always Bokmål.

Open back rounded vowel
The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɒ⟩. It is called Latin turned alpha being a rotated version of Latin alpha. It seems a "turned script a", being a rotated version of "script (cursive) a", which is the variant of a that lacks the extra stroke on top of a "printed a". Latin turned alpha a ⟨ɒ⟩ has its linear stroke on the left, whereas Latin alpha a ⟨ɑ⟩ (for its unrounded counterpart) has its linear stroke on the right.
Rabin's calibration theorem
In microeconomics and decision theory, Rabin's calibration theorem (also known as Rabin's paradox  or Rabin's critique) is a theoretical result related to the calibration of risk aversion within  expected-utility theory. In intuitive terms, it shows that an expected-utility-maximizer who is moderately risk averse over small-stake gambles must show implausibly high risk aversion over high stakes. It is seen as critique of how the classical model of diminishing marginal utility of wealth can deal with representing risk-averse behavior over money within expected-utility theory.

The result was first shown by Matthew Rabin in 2000. It has since been extended to non-expected-utility models of choice under uncertainty.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.