hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Büyük Maden Island
Büyük Maden Island (Turkish: Büyük Maden Adası, literally Big Mine Island) is an Aegean island of Turkey

The island at 39°23′N 26°35′E﻿ / ﻿39.383°N 26.583°E﻿ / 39.383; 26.583 is a part of Ayvalık ilçe (district) of Balıkesir Province. It is between Cunda Island and Küçük Maden Island. The island currently is uninhabited. Its distance to Cunda island is less than 200 metres (660 ft). With an area of 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi), it is one of the bigger islands around Ayvalık.

The ancient name of the island was Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος). In the antiquity there were lead mines in the island and the island was foul-smelling. The settlement in the island was named Pordoselene which had a nasty meaning. According to Bilge Umar, Strabon was uneasy with the name of the island and he used the name Poroselene instead. On some rocks of the island there are traces of malachite.

Ayvalık
Ayvalık (Turkish: [ˈajvaɫɯk]) is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 305 km2, and its population is 75,126 (2024). It is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey. The town centre is connected to Cunda Island by a causeway and is surrounded by the archipelago of Ayvalık Islands, which face the nearby Greek island of Lesbos.

Under the Ottomans Ayvalık had a flourishing olive-oil-production industry and the chimneys of the old factories can still be seen about town. In modern times production has revived in a smaller-scale boutique format.

Daily ferries operate between Ayvalık and Mytilene on nearby Lesbos Island, Greece, during the summer with a reduced service in winter.

The nearest airport to Ayvalık is Balıkesir Koca Seyit Airport (EDO) near Edremit.
Sources for Citizen Kane
The sources for Citizen Kane, the 1941 American motion picture that marked the feature film debut of Orson Welles, have been the subject of speculation and controversy since the project's inception. With a story spanning 60 years, the quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a fictional character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst and Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick. A rich incorporation of the experiences and knowledge of its authors, the film earned an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) for Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles.

The March of Time (radio program)
The March of Time is an American radio news documentary and dramatization series sponsored by Time Inc. and broadcast from 1931 to 1945. Created by broadcasting pioneer Fred Smith and  Time magazine executive Roy E. Larsen, the program combined actual news events with reenactments. The "voice" of The March of Time was Westbrook Van Voorhis. The radio series was the basis of the famed March of Time newsreel series shown in movie theaters from 1935 to 1951.
2021 in chess
The 2021 chess calendar was again disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and because of this many chess OTB tournaments were stopped, but major events that took place included the Tata Steel Chess Tournament, won by Jorden van Foreest.

The Candidates Tournament 2020–21, disrupted by the pandemic, concluded on 27 April 2021. It was won by Ian Nepomniachtchi.

In November, Nepomniachtchi subsequently faced defending champion Magnus Carlsen for the World Chess Championship title in Dubai, UAE during Expo 2020. Carlsen won the match 71⁄2–31⁄2 to retain the title with three games to spare and become a five-time world champion.

The International Chess Federation, FIDE, admitted four new member federations: Dominica, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Niger, and Belize.

Candidates Tournament 2020–2021
The 2020–2021 Candidates Tournament was an eight-player chess double-round-robin tournament to decide the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2021, played in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Ian Nepomniachtchi won the tournament with a round to spare and earned the right to challenge the defending world champion, Magnus Carlsen.

The first half of the tournament was played from 17 to 25 March 2020. It was suspended at the halfway point due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the second half of the tournament played from 19 to 27 April 2021. Over 13 months from beginning to end, it is believed to be the longest over-the-board chess tournament in history.
Francisco Alves (singer)
Francisco de Morais Alves (August 19, 1898 – September 27, 1952), better known as Francisco Alves, Chico Alves or Chico Viola, was a Brazilian singer, one of the most popular in the first half of the 20th century, and considered by many to be the greatest in the country. The quality of his work earned him in 1933, by broadcaster César Ladeira, the nickname "Rei da Voz" (Voice King).
He recorded more than 500 78 rpm albums, among them the first electrical recording made in Brazil.  He performed songs composed by musicians such as Cartola, Heitor dos Prazeres and Ismael Silva; and several songs became famous in his voice, like the first recording of samba "Aquarela do Brasil" by Ary Barroso.

Alves died in a car accident at the Rodovia Presidente Dutra, near Pindamonhangaba,  on September 27, 1952.

Cartola
Angenor de Oliveira, known as Cartola (Portuguese for top hat), (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaʁˈtɔlɐ]; October 11, 1908 – November 30, 1980) was a Brazilian singer, composer and poet considered to be a major figure in the development of samba. Cartola got his name from the hat which he used to protect his hair while laying cement in his younger years as a brick layer. He helped to start the Estação primeira da Mangueira samba school in 1928. His work was popular throughout the 30s, he disappeared from the samba scene in the 40s until 1956. In 1964, together with his wife Zica, he opened a restaurant called Zicartola which featured live samba. In 1974 he began to record solo albums and in 1978 held his first solo live performance at age 70.

Cartola composed, alone or with partners, more than 500 songs.
Fourteen Holy Helpers
The Fourteen Holy Helpers (German: Vierzehn Nothelfer; Latin: Quattuordecim auxiliatores) are a group of saints venerated together by Catholics because their intercession is believed to be particularly effective, especially against various diseases. This group of Nothelfer ("helpers in need") originated in the 14th century at first in the Rhineland, largely as a result of the epidemic (probably of bubonic plague) that became known as the Black Death.

Lichtenfels, Bavaria
Lichtenfels (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪçtn̩ˌfɛls] ⓘ) is a town in the Upper Franconian region of Bavaria, Germany, the administrative seat of Lichtenfels district. It is chiefly known as the German "Basket City".
Yenduru Venkata Krishna Mohan
Lieutenant General Yenduru Venkata Krishna Mohan, PVSM AVSM, SM, VSM is a retired Indian Army general who last served as the Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. He previously served as the Commander, IX Corps of the Indian Army. He assumed the post after Lt. General Satinder Kumar Saini took over as the GOC-in-C, Southern Command.

Satinder Kumar Saini
Lieutenant General Satinder Kumar Saini, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VSM, ADC was the 41st Vice Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army and assumed the office on 25 January 2020. He previously served as General Officer Commanding in Chief (GOC-in-C) Southern Command.
Tommy Kirkham
Tommy Kirkham is a Northern Ireland loyalist political figure and former councillor. Beginning his political career with the Democratic Unionist Party, he was then associated with the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and the Ulster Political Research Group although he has since been expelled from both groups. He was a former deputy mayor of Newtownabbey and sat on Newtownabbey Borough Council as an Independent Loyalist.

Shoukri brothers
The Shoukri brothers are a pair of Northern Irish loyalist paramilitaries. Andre Khalef Shoukri was born in 1977, the son of a Coptic Christian Egyptian father and a Northern Irish mother. He was alleged to have taken over the north Belfast Ulster Defence Association (UDA) leadership. In July 2003 he received a two-year prison sentence for unlawful possession of a gun and received a nine-year sentence for various crimes in 2007. Ihab Shoukri, who was the older brother by three years, died in 2008.
Pang Shigu
Pang Shigu, né Pang Cong (庞从), was a general of the warlord Zhu Wen (future emperor Taizu of Later Liang) in the period preceding the collapse of the Tang Dynasty of China.

Pang first distinguished himself during Zhu Wen's campaigns against the rebels Huang Chao and later Qin Zongquan. Following this, he gained more important positions and eventually shared the leadership of a full army with general Ge Congzhou. He successfully defeated and killed Shi Pu, governor of Ganhua and a powerful enemy of Zhu Wen. However, when given command of an invasion of the territory of warlord Yang Xingmi he was defeated and killed by Yang at the Battle of Qingkou.

Qin Zongquan
Qin Zongquan (simplified Chinese: 秦宗权; traditional Chinese: 秦宗權; pinyin: Qín Zōngquán; died April 1, 889) was a Chinese military general, monarch, politician, rebel, and warlord during the Tang dynasty. He was later a claimant to the imperial throne, in competition with Emperor Xizong of Tang and, later, Emperor Xizong's brother Emperor Zhaozong, with his capital at Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Zhumadian, Henan).  At Qin's prime, he controlled most of modern Henan and parts of modern Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu, but he was eventually repeatedly defeated by the Tang general and warlord Zhu Quanzhong.  His subordinates turned against him and delivered him to the Tang capital Chang'an, where he was executed.
Humor Risk
Humor Risk, also known as Humorisk, is a lost unreleased 1921 silent comedy short film. It is the first film to star the Marx Brothers, and was the only Marx Brothers movie until the release of their 1929 musical comedy The Cocoanuts. The title parodies the popular 1920 film Humoresque.

Humoresque (1920 film)
Humoresque is a 1920 American silent drama film produced by Cosmopolitan Productions, released by Famous Players–Lasky and Paramount Pictures, and was directed by Frank Borzage from a 1919 short story by Fannie Hurst and script or scenario by Frances Marion.  It follows the childhood and going to war of an immigrant family Lower East Side violinist.

This film was the first film to win the Photoplay Medal of Honor, a precursor of the Academy Award for Best Picture.

In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Sichuan University
Sichuan University (SCU) is a public university in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. The university is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

In 1994, the then Chengdu University of Science and Technology and then Sichuan University merged to form Sichuan Union University (which was renamed Sichuan University in 1998). In 2000, the then West China University of Medical Sciences and then Sichuan University merged to establish the current form of Sichuan University.

Southwest University
Southwest University (SWU) is a public university in Beibei, Chongqing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Chongqing Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.
G. Heileman Brewing Company
The G. Heileman Brewing Company of La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States, was a brewer that operated from 1858 to 1996.  It was ultimately acquired by Stroh's.  From 1872 until its acquisition, the brewery bore the family name of its co-founder and brewer Gottlieb Heileman.

Miller Brewing Company
Miller Brewing Company is an American brewery based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1855 by Frederick Miller and was acquired by Molson Coors in 2016. Molson Coors continues to operate the Miller Brewery at the site of the original Miller Brewing Company complex in Milwaukee. Miller has produced several prominent beer brands, including Miller Lite, Miller High Life, and Milwaukee's Best.
1937 Stalybridge and Hyde by-election
The 1937 Stalybridge and Hyde by-election was held on 28 April 1937.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Philip Dunne.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Horace Trevor-Cox.

The Labour candidate, the Reverend Gordon Lang was the former MP for Oldham and in the 1945 general election won the seat on a large swing.

Stalybridge and Hyde
Stalybridge and Hyde is a constituency in Greater Manchester that was created in 1918. The seat has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by Jonathan Reynolds of the Labour and Co-operative Party since 2010. Reynolds currently serves as Government Chief Whip under the government of Keir Starmer.
Spain women's national basketball team
The Spain women's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección Española de Baloncesto Femenina) represents Spain in international women's basketball competition and are regulated by the Spanish Basketball Federation, the governing body for basketball in Spain. Spain has one of the most successful women's national teams in the world, being the current FIBA Women's EuroBasket 2023 silver medallists.

Switzerland women's national basketball team
The Switzerland women's national basketball team represents Switzerland in international women's basketball competitions.

Switzerland was one of the five founding members of the Eurobasket in 1938. In 1953 it also took part in the World Cup's inaugural edition. However, the 1956 EuroBasket marked its last appearance in a final stage to date.

In the 2013 Eurobasket's qualification stage Switzerland faced Poland, Montenegro, Serbia and Estonia. The team achieved two victories, but did not qualify for the final stages there.
Johnathan Haggerty
Johnathan Haggerty (born February 5, 1988) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He was previously a member of the Cleveland Browns and Chicago Bears. He played college football at SW Oklahoma State. After his time at the NFL, he then trained people of all ages at D1, a training facility in Dallas, Texas.

Texas Revolution (indoor football)
The Texas Revolution were an American professional indoor football team and a founding member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). The Revolution were based in Allen and Frisco, Texas, within the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

Founded in 2000 as the Arkansas Twisters, the Little Rock-based team played 10 seasons in af2 before that league folded. The team jumped to the Indoor Football League as the Arkansas Diamonds for the 2010 season. Remaining in the IFL, the team moved to Texas to become the Allen Wranglers for the 2011 and 2012 seasons. In 2012, former NFL standout and future hall of famer Terrell Owens played eight games for the Wranglers before being cut in late May.

In 2012, the Wranglers franchise was transferred to a new ownership group and the team was renamed the Texas Revolution for the 2013 season. After five seasons in the IFL, the team moved to the Champions Indoor Football league for that circuit's inaugural season.
Cat Rock Sluice of the Roanoke Navigation
Cat Rock Sluice of the Roanoke Navigation is a historic sluice located near Brookneal, Campbell County, Virginia. Cat Rock Sluice is at Staunton Scenic River Mile 9.85.  It consists of a deep cut about 10 feet wide, blasted through the south end of a wide rock ledge and extending across the main river channel.   Associated with it is a "towing wall" measuring about 6 feet thick and at least 5 feet high.  The wall was probably originally continuous, from about 50 feet above the cut to 300 feet below it.  The 11-mile network of sluices and associated wing dams and towing walls was constructed by Samuel Pannill of Green Hill in 1827.  It was built for the Roanoke Navigation Company to permit the passage of poled river boats, called batteaux, through the falls of the Staunton River.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Green Hill (Long Island, Virginia)
Green Hill is a historic plantation house and national historic district located near Long Island, Campbell County, Virginia.  The main house is a two-story, five-bay, brick structure with a gable roof, modillioned cornice and two interior end chimneys. The one-story rear ell was built about 1800. The interior features fine woodwork. Also on the property are a contributing frame outbuilding with a partially enclosed shed porch, a brick duck house, an ice house, a kitchen, stone laundry, a frame slave quarters, frame kitchen with stone chimney, mounting block, two log barns, the ruins of a rather large stone stable, and a large tobacco barn.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.
Elementary amenable group
In mathematics, a group is called elementary amenable if it can be built up from finite groups and abelian groups by a sequence of simple operations that result in amenable groups when applied to amenable groups.  Since finite groups and abelian groups are amenable, every elementary amenable group is amenable - however, the converse is not true.

Formally, the class of elementary amenable groups is the smallest subclass of the class of all groups that satisfies the following conditions:

it contains all finite and all abelian groups

if G is in the subclass and H is isomorphic to G, then H is in the subclass

it is closed under the operations of taking subgroups, forming quotients, and forming extensions

it is closed under directed unions.

The Tits alternative implies that any amenable linear group is locally virtually solvable; hence, for linear groups, amenability and elementary amenability coincide.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Murdoch
Murdoch (/ˈmɜːrdɒk/ MUR-dok, UK also /-dəx/ -⁠dəkh) is a Scottish and Irish surname and given name. An Anglicized form of the Gaelic personal names Muireadhach ‘mariner’, Murchadh ‘sea-warrior’, and Muircheartach ‘sea-ruler’, the first element in each being muir ‘sea’.
 Notable people with the name include:

Murchadh
Murchadh is a masculine given name of Irish origin. It is composed of the elements muir, meaning "sea", and cath, meaning "battle". Murrough is an anglicized form. The surname Murphy (Irish: Ó Murchadha) is derived from the given name.
LJ-001
LJ-001 is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed as a potential treatment for enveloped viruses. It acts as an inhibitor which blocks viral entry into host cells at a step after virus binding but before virus–cell fusion, and also irreversibly inactivates the virions themselves by generating reactive singlet oxygen molecules which damage the viral membrane. In cell culture tests in vitro, LJ-001 was able to block and disable a wide range of different viruses, including influenza A, filoviruses, poxviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, and HIV. Unfortunately LJ-001 itself was unsuitable for further development, as it has poor physiological stability and requires light for its antiviral mechanism to operate. However the discovery of this novel mechanism for blocking virus entry and disabling the virion particles has led to LJ-001 being used as a lead compound to develop a novel family of more effective antiviral drugs with improved properties.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
Aniridia
Aniridia is a condition characterized by the absence or near absence of the iris, the colored, muscular ring in the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye. This absence results in a primarily black appearance of the central eye. Aniridia can be congenital, typically affecting both eyes, or caused by a penetrant injury. Congenital aniridia is not simply an iris defect but a more complex condition affecting multiple parts of the eye, with macular and optic nerve hypoplasia, cataract, and corneal changes. Vision may be severely compromised and the disorder is frequently associated with several other ocular complications, including nystagmus, amblyopia, buphthalmos, and cataract. In some cases, aniridia occurs as part of a broader syndrome, like WAGR syndrome (kidney nephroblastoma, genitourinary anomalies and intellectual disability) or Gillespie syndrome (cerebellar ataxia).

Buphthalmos
Buphthalmos (plural: buphthalmoses) is enlargement of the eyeball and is most commonly seen in infants and young children. It is sometimes referred to as buphthalmia (plural buphthalmias).  It usually appears in the newborn period or the first 3 months of life. and in most cases indicates the presence of congenital (infantile) glaucoma, which is a disorder in which elevated pressures within the eye lead to structural eye damage and vision loss.
Arab al-Zubayd
Arab al-Zubayd was a Palestinian village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 20, 1948, when the villagers fled on hearing the intentions of The Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach.  It was located 15 km northeast of Safad, near the al-Mutilla-Safad—Tiberias highway.

Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Safad Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء صفد; Hebrew: נפת צפת) was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine before it was captured by Israel in 1948. It was located around the city of Safad. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict, which fell entirely within modern-day Israel, became the modern-day Safed Subdistrict in the Northern District (Israel).
Amblypoda
Amblypoda was a taxonomic hypothesis uniting a group of extinct, herbivorous mammals. They were considered a suborder of the primitive ungulate mammals and have since been shown to represent a polyphyletic group.

Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are more developed in mammals. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing. The name molar derives from Latin, molaris dens, meaning "millstone tooth", from mola, millstone and dens, tooth. Molars show a great deal of diversity in size and shape across the mammal groups. The third molar of humans is sometimes vestigial.