hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scott Barchard Wilson
Scott Barchard Wilson (1865–1923) was a British ornithologist and explorer.

Wilson was the son of the chemist George Fergusson Wilson. In 1887, he was sent by his professor Alfred Newton to study and collect birds in Hawaii. On his return he wrote Aves Hawaiienses (1890-1899) with Arthur Humble Evans, illustrated by Frederick William Frohawk.

Alfred Newton
Alfred Newton FRS HFRSE (11 June 1829 – 7 June 1907) was an English zoologist and ornithologist. Newton was Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge University from 1866 to 1907. Among his numerous publications were a four-volume Dictionary of Birds (1893–6), entries on ornithology in the Encyclopædia Britannica (9th edition) while also an editor of the journal Ibis from 1865 to 1870. In 1900 he was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Society and the Gold Medal of the Linnaean Society. He founded the British Ornithologists Union.
New York / N.Y.
"New York / N.Y." is a song by German artist Nina Hagen from her album Angstlos. Co-written by Hagen, Karl Rucker and Steve Schiff, it was released as the record's lead single in 1983. The song was later included on Hagen's compilation albums 14 Friendly Abductions, Definitive Collection, Prima Nina in Ekstasy and The Very Best of Nina Hagen. Nina Hagen raps in the English and the German version of the song. Only the refrain "New York, New York", which is repeated several times, is sung.

Nina Hagen discography
German singer Nina Hagen has released sixteen studio albums, twenty-five compilation albums, one soundtrack album and one extended play. Hagen first signed with CBS Records in 1976 with her group the Nina Hagen Band. In 1982, she detached herself from the band and released three solo albums on the label. In 1986, her contract with CBS expired and was not renewed. In 1989, Hagen signed with Mercury Records, on which label she released three new albums.
Glen Keith distillery
57°32′47″N 2°57′26″W﻿ / ﻿57.54639°N 2.95722°W﻿ / 57.54639; -2.95722

Glen Keith distillery is a Speyside, single malt Scotch whisky distillery owned by Chivas Brothers in Keith, Moray. Its whisky is mainly used for blended products. It was mothballed in 1999 and re-opened in 2013.

Single malt Scotch
Single malt Scotch refers to single malt whisky made in Scotland. To qualify for this category, a whisky must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley. Therefore, a single malt means that the whisky has not been blended elsewhere with whisky from other distilleries. As with any Scotch whisky, a single malt Scotch must be distilled in Scotland and matured in oak casks in Scotland for at least three years, although most single malts are matured longer.
The Control of Nature
The Control of Nature is a 1989 nonfiction book by John McPhee that chronicles three attempts to control natural processes that had varying success. The book combines three long essays previously published in The New Yorker: "Atchafalaya", "Cooling the Lava", and "Los Angeles Against the Mountains". These respectively describe the Old River Control Structure regulating inflow to the Atchafalaya River; the Eldfell volcanic eruption of 1973; and debris flow from the San Gabriel Mountains.

Eldfell
Eldfell is a volcanic cone just over 200 metres (660 ft) high on the Icelandic island of Heimaey in the Westman Islands. It formed in a volcanic eruption that began without warning on the eastern side of Heimaey on 23 January 1973. The name means Hill of Fire in Icelandic.

The eruption caused a major crisis for the island and led to its temporary evacuation. Volcanic ash fell over most of the island, destroying around 400 homes, and a lava flow threatened to close off the harbor, the island's main income source via its fishing fleet. An operation was mounted to cool the advancing lava flow by pumping sea water onto it, which was successful in preventing the loss of the harbor.

After the eruption, the islanders used heat from the cooling lava flows to provide hot water and to generate electricity. They also used some of the extensive tephra (fall-out of airborne volcanic material) to extend the runway at the island's small airport and as landfill on which 200 new houses were built.
North End Subdivision
The North End Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in Virginia and North Carolina. The line runs from Richmond, Virginia, to Rocky Mount, North Carolina, for a total of 123.2 miles. At its north end the line continues south from the Richmond Terminal Subdivision and at its south end the line continues south as the South End Subdivision.  The North End Subdivision is the northernmost segment of CSX's A Line which in its entirety runs from Richmond to Tampa, Florida.  Some of the line's notable features include running in the median of Interstate 195 in Richmond as well as the line's tall arch bridge over the James River.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
Halovir
Halovir refers to a multi-analogue compound belonging to a group of oligopeptides designated as lipopeptaibols (chemical features including lipophilic acyl chain at the N-terminus, abundant α-aminoisobutyric acid content, and a 1,2-amino alcohol located at the C-terminus) which have membrane-modifying capacity and are fungal in origin. These peptides display interesting microheterogeneity; slight variation in encoding amino acids gives rise to a mixture of closely related analogues and have been shown to have antibacterial/antiviral properties.

Oligopeptide
An oligopeptide (oligo-, "a few"), is a peptide consisting of two to twenty amino acids, including dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and other polypeptides. Some of the major classes of naturally occurring oligopeptides include aeruginosins, cyanopeptolins, microcystins, microviridins, microginins, anabaenopeptins, and cyclamides. Microcystins are best studied because of their potential toxicity impact in drinking water. A review of some oligopeptides found that the largest class are the cyanopeptolins (40.1%), followed by microcystins (13.4%).
Glaze (ice)
Glaze or glaze ice, also called glazed frost or verglas, is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice coating occurring when freezing rain or drizzle hits a surface. It is similar in appearance to clear ice, which forms from supercooled water droplets. It is a relatively common occurrence in temperate climates in the winter when precipitation forms in warm air aloft and falls into below-freezing temperature at the surface.

Inversion (meteorology)
In meteorology, an inversion (or temperature inversion) is a phenomenon in which a layer of warmer air overlies cooler air. Normally, air temperature gradually decreases as altitude increases, but this relationship is reversed in an inversion.

An inversion traps air pollution, such as smog, near the ground. An inversion can also suppress convection by acting as a "cap". If this cap is broken for any of several reasons, convection of any humidity can then erupt into violent thunderstorms. Temperature inversion can cause freezing rain in cold climates.
Quambone
Quambone is a locality in New South Wales, Australia. Quambone is in the Coonamble Shire local government area, 591 kilometres (367 mi) north west of the state capital, Sydney and 56 kilometres (35 mi) west of Coonamble.

The locality is centred at the junction of roads to Warren, Coonamble and Carinda. At the 2011 census, Quambone and the surrounding area had a population of 247.

Quambone is known as the gateway to the Macquarie Marshes Nature Reserve.

The name derives from a Ngiyampaa word, kuwaympuyan meaning 'having blood'.

It has a hotel/motel, general store and swimming pool, and a public school. It has regular Catholic and Anglican church services. The Quambone Library (operated by the Coonamble Shire)  is famously referred to as the smallest library in New South Wales

Doug Moppett, a long-term member of the Parliament of New South Wales,  lived at Quambone.

Carinda
Carinda  is a town in the north of New South Wales, Australia. The town is in the Walgett Shire local government area. In 2016, the town had a population of 158.

The name of the town is derived from an Aboriginal word meaning 'you carry'.
Shikino Chūgakkō-mae Station
The Shikino Chūgakkō-mae Station (志貴野中学前駅, Shikino Chūgakkō-mae Eki) is a city tram station on the Takaoka Kidō Line located in Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The station is sometimes called Takaoka-shi Yakusho-mae (高岡市役所前) because it's closer to the city offices than Honmaru Kaikan-mae Station.

Kyūkan Iryō Center-mae Station
Kyūkan Iryō Center-mae Station (急患医療センター前駅, Kyūkan Iryō Sentā-mae eki)

is a city tram station on the Takaoka Kidō Line located in Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The station was once named Takaoka Shichō-mae and then renamed to Honmaru Kaikan-mae (本丸会館前, Honmaru Kaikan-mae) on October 1, 1977. The present name is from March 29, 2014.
Pudleston
Pudleston (or Pudlestone), is a small village and civil parish (alternatively Pudleston-cum-Whyle), in the county of Herefordshire, England, and is 13 miles (20 km) north from the city and county town of Hereford. The closest large town is Leominster 4 miles (6 km) to the west. At Pudleston is the c.1200 Church of St Peter, and the 1846 Tudor-Gothic Pudleston Court.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
North Riverside Park Mall
North Riverside Park Mall is a shopping mall located in North Riverside, Illinois. The center is owned by The Feil Organization and is anchored by JCPenney, Forman Mills and Round 1 Entertainment. One anchor store last occupied by Carson's is vacant since that store closed in 2018.

Chicago Transit Authority bus services
Chicago Transit Authority bus services are provided throughout Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding suburbs, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). As of January 2025, the CTA has 1,966 buses that operate 127 routes. In 2024, the CTA bus system had a ridership of 181,733,800, or about 594,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
1916 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1916 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1916 college football season. Led by Jack E. Ingersoll in his only year as head coach, the team went 7–2 and claims a South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA) championship.

Jack E. Ingersoll
Jonathan Edwards "Jack" Ingersoll (February 24, 1889 – May 26, 1967) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head coach at Colgate University in 1911 and at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI)—now known as Virginia Tech—in 1916, compiling a career coaching record of 10–8.
Bab Iskender
The Bab Iskender (Arabic: باب اسكندر, lit. 'Alexandar's Strait'), also variously known as the Eastern Strait, the Small Strait, the Narrow Pass or the Small Pass,  is the eastern section of the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, which separates Ras Menheli in Yemen, on the Arabian Peninsula from Ras Siyyan in Djibouti, on the Horn of Africa.

Perim
Perim (Arabic: بريم, romanized: Barīm), also called Mayyun (Arabic: جزيرة ميون) in Arabic, is a Yemeni volcanic island in the Strait of Mandeb at the south entrance into the Red Sea, off the south-west coast of Yemen. It administratively belongs to Dhubab District or Bab al-Mandab District, Taiz Governorate. The island of Perim divides the strait of Mandeb into two channels.

The island, as a dependency of Aden colony, was a part of the British Empire between 1857 and 1967.
Time in physics
In physics, time is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads.  In classical, non-relativistic physics, it is a scalar quantity (often denoted by the symbol ) and, like length, mass, and charge, is usually described as a fundamental quantity. Time can be combined mathematically with other physical quantities to derive other concepts such as motion, kinetic energy and time-dependent fields.  Timekeeping is a complex of technological and scientific issues, and part of the foundation of recordkeeping.

Age of the universe
In Big Bang models of physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the cosmological time back to the point when the scale factor of the universe extrapolates to zero. Modern models calculate the age now as 13.863 billion years. Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe. One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM, matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the cosmic microwave background. The other is based on the distance and relative velocity of a series or "ladder" of different kinds of stars, making it depend on local measurements late in the history of the universe. 
These two methods give slightly different values for the Hubble constant, which is then used in a formula to calculate the age. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate for the oldest observed star in the universe.
Evgen Sajovic
Evgen Sajovic (25 November 1913 - 1986) was a Slovene painter, also known for his frescos and sgraffito as well as book illustrations.

Sajovic was born in Ljubljana in 1913. He studied art at the Zagreb Academy of Fine Arts under Marino Tartaglia and graduated in 1938.

He won the Levstik Award in 1953 for his illustrations of Andersen's Snow Queen and other stories (Slovene title: Snežna kraljica in druge pravljice).

In 1979 he also won the Prešeren Foundation Award for his artistic achievements.

Levstik Award
The Levstik Award (Slovene: Levstikova nagrada) is a literary award in Slovenia awarded for achievements in children's literature. It has been bestowed since 1949 by the Mladinska Knjiga Publishing House, making it the first literary award established by a Slovene publishing house after the Second World War. It includes a prize for original works of literature, original illustrations, and non-fiction books for children.

Up until 1989, it was awarded annually. Since then it has been awarded biannually. In the prize category for books only books published by the Mladinska Knjiga Publishing House are eligible for entry, but since 1999 the award for lifetime achievements in children's literature is the most prestigious award of its kind in Slovenia. The award is named after the 19th century Slovene writer, political activist and playwright Fran Levstik who also wrote works for children.
Restriction point
The restriction point (R), also known as the Start or G1/S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle, and after which extracellular signals are no longer required to stimulate proliferation. The defining biochemical feature of the restriction point is the activation of G1/S- and S-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which in turn phosphorylate proteins that initiate DNA replication, centrosome duplication, and other early cell cycle events. It is one of three main cell cycle checkpoints, the other two being the G2-M DNA damage checkpoint and the spindle checkpoint.

Cyclin-dependent kinase complex
A cyclin-dependent kinase complex (CDKC, cyclin-CDK) is a protein complex formed by the association of an inactive catalytic subunit of a protein kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), with a regulatory subunit, cyclin.  Once cyclin-dependent kinases bind to cyclin, the formed complex is in an activated state.  Substrate specificity of the activated complex is mainly established by the associated cyclin within the complex.  Activity of CDKCs is controlled by phosphorylation of target proteins, as well as binding of inhibitory proteins.
Panola County Courthouse (Sardis, Mississippi)
The Panola County Courthouse in Sardis, Mississippi is one of two county courthouses in Panola County, Mississippi; the other is the Panola County Courthouse (Batesville, Mississippi). Sardis became the second county seat in 1866 and the courthouse was built in 1873. In 1902 a second courthouse was built in Sardis, with L. M. Weathers the architect and M. T. Lewman & Co. the contractor. A third courthouse in Sardis was built by contractor McCain & Associates in 1974 according to a design by Pritchard & Nickles.

Sardis, Mississippi
Sardis is a town in Panola County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 1,748. Sardis is one of two county seats for Panola County; the other is Batesville, on the south side of the Tallahatchie River.
Museum Nord, Narvik
Museum Nord, Narvik (Norwegian: Museum Nord - Narvik) is a museum located in the town of Narvik in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The museum is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

European Route of Industrial Heritage
The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry.
Longford, Moreton Say
Longford is a small village near the town of Market Drayton, Shropshire, England. It is just off the A53, near to Ternhill and lies in the parish of Moreton Say.

Longford is 1.5 miles west of Market Drayton and 1 mile southeast of Moreton Say.  A topographical guide to Shropshire published in 2005 describes Longford as a "charming hamlet on a rise in undulating country."

The village name is believed to come from a great road that existed in Roman times and was simply known as the Longford. By 1319 it was a Royal road between Bletchley and Hinstock to the south. The village, not on the road, is located just east of Bletchley.

Hinstock
Hinstock is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

It appeared in the Domesday Book survey as "Stoche" (from Old English stoc, "dependent settlement"); the present version of its name was created in the mediaeval period by prefixing Middle English hine ("domestic servants").
James George Frazer
Sir James George Frazer OM FRS FRSE FBA (/ˈfreɪzər/; 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist and folklorist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion.

Timothy Larsen
Timothy Larsen (born 4 September 1967) is an American historian and the Carolyn and Fred McManis Chair of Christian Thought at Wheaton College. Larsen completed a bachelor's and master's degree at Wheaton College and obtained a doctorate in history at the University of Stirling. He is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
Mohamed Aujjar
Mohamed Aujjar (Arabic: محمد أوجار; born 1959, Targuist) is a Moroccan politician of the National Rally of Independents party. Previously he had served as Minister of Justice from Wednesday, April 5, 2017 until Wednesday, October 9, 2019.

Cabinet of Morocco
The Cabinet of Morocco is the chief executive body of the Kingdom of Morocco.

The Cabinet is composed of some 24 ministers including 5 "Minister Delegates". It is headed by the Prime Minister since August 2011, who is appointed by the King of Morocco from the party that achieved a plurality in the parliamentary elections. The Cabinet's ministers are chosen by the PM, after consultation with other parties forming the Government coalition, then validated and appointed by the King. As of September 10, 2021, the current government is headed by Aziz Akhannouch, who was appointed by King Mohamed VI to form a new government after leading the results of the 2021 general election. On 7 October 2021, the new cabinet of 24 ministers, which included 7 women, was sworn in.
Occitan literature
Occitan literature (referred to in older texts as Provençal literature) is a body of texts written in Occitan, mostly in the south of France. It was the first literature written in a Romance language and inspired the rise of vernacular literature throughout medieval Europe. Occitan literature's Golden Age was in the 12th century, when a rich and complex body of lyrical poetry was produced by troubadours writing in Old Occitan, which still survives to this day. Although Catalan is considered by some a variety of Occitan, this article will not deal with Catalan literature, which started diverging from its Southern French counterpart in the late 13th century.

William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
William IX (Occitan: Guilhèm de Peitieus or Guilhem de Poitou, French: Guillaume de Poitiers; called the Troubadour; 22 October 1071 – 10 February 1126) was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101.

Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour—a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language—by whom some work survives.
Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao
Shanhaiguan District is a district of the city of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China, named after the pass of the Great Wall within the district, Shanhai Pass. It is located 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) east of the city centre.

Qinhuangdao
39°53′18″N 119°31′13″E﻿ / ﻿39.8882°N 119.5202°E﻿ / 39.8882; 119.5202

Qinhuangdao (/ˈtʃɪnˈhwɑːŋˈdaʊ/; Chinese: 秦皇岛) is a port city on the coast of China in northern Hebei. It is administratively a prefecture-level city, about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population during the 2020 national census was 3,136,879, with 1,881,047 people living in the built-up (or 'metro') area made up of four urban districts.At the end of 2024, the total resident population of the city was 3,111,400, an increase of 0.4 thousand over the end of the previous year. Among them, the resident population of urban areas is 2,078,100.