hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Albert Fallou
Friedrich Albert Fallou (11 November 1794 – 6 September 1877) was a German lawyer who is considered one of the founders of modern soil science. While working as a lawyer and tax assessor, Fallou established himself as an independent scientist and a recognized authority in the natural history of farm and forest soil. In 1862, he proposed that soil was separate in nature from geology and, intent on establishing the study of soils as an independent science, Fallou introduced the term pedology (German: pedologie).

Soil formation
Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. Biogeochemical processes act to both create and destroy order (anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in color, structure, texture, and chemistry. These features occur in patterns of soil type distribution, forming in response to differences in soil forming factors.

Pedogenesis is studied as a branch of pedology, the study of soil in its natural environment. Other branches of pedology are the study of soil morphology and soil classification. The study of pedogenesis is important to understanding soil distribution patterns in current (soil geography) and past (paleopedology) geologic periods.
Real Republicans F.C. (Ghana)
Real Republikans was a Ghanaian association football club based in the capital, Accra, along with Hearts of Oak, and was among the most successful Ghanaian clubs in the country’s first decade of independence. It holds Ghana's record for the most consecutive FA Cup wins, four. The club formed the core of the national team, the Black Stars, in its early years.

Accra Sports Stadium
The Accra Sports Stadium, formerly named the Ohene Djan Stadium, is a multi-use stadium (40,000-capacity, all-seater) located in Accra, Ghana, mostly used for association football matches. It is also used for rugby union.
Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard
GEOMS – Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard  is a metadata standard used for archiving data from groundbased networks, like the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), and for using this kind of data for the validation of NASA and ESA satellite data.

Ozone monitoring instrument
The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) is a nadir-viewing visual and ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft, which is part of the satellite constellation A-Train. In this group of satellites Aura flies in formation  about 15 minutes behind Aqua satellite, both of which orbit the Earth in a polar Sun-synchronous pattern, and which provides nearly global coverage in one day. Aura satellite was launched on July 15, 2004, and OMI has collected data since August 9, 2004.

From a technical point of view, OMI instrument use hyperspectral imaging to observe solar-backscatter radiation to the space with an spectral range that covers the visible and ultraviolet. Its spectral capabilities were designed to achieve specific requirements of total ozone amounts retrievals in terms of accuracy and precision. Also its characteristics provide accurate radiometric and wavelength self calibration over the long-term project requirements.
Color magazine (lighting)
A color magazine is a fixture attached to a follow spot that places different color filters in the path of the beam. Instead of working with comparatively cumbersome gel frames, the color magazine allows the spot operator to easily slide color frames in or out of place using a series of levers.

The term boomerang is also used to describe a color magazine.

Color magazines are now becoming rarer with the widespread availability of programmable-colour LED lighting.

Color gel
A color gel or color filter (Commonwealth spelling: colour gel or colour filter), also known as lighting gel or simply gel, is a transparent colored material that is used in theater, event production, photography, videography and cinematography to color light and for color correction. Modern gels are thin sheets of polycarbonate, polyester or other heat-resistant plastics, placed in front of a lighting fixture in the path of the beam.

Gels have a limited life, especially in saturated colors (lower light transmission) and shorter wavelength (blues). The color will fade or even melt, depending upon the energy absorption of the color, and the sheet will have to be replaced.

In permanent installations and some theatrical uses, colored glass filters or dichroic filters are used. The main drawbacks are additional expense and a more limited selection.
HD 187123 c
HD 187123 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 156 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus, orbiting the star HD 187123. This planet was published in 2006. The radius of the planet's orbit is 4.80 AU, 113 times more distant from the star than first companion. This takes 10 years to orbit. As it is typical for very long-period planets, the orbit is eccentric, referring to as "eccentric Jupiter". At periastron, the orbital distance is 3.60 AU and at apastron, the distance is 6.00 AU. The planet's mass is nearly 2 times that of Jupiter, but is likely to be smaller in size than the inner planet.

HD 187123
HD 187123 is a single, yellow-hued star with two exoplanetary companions in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 7.83, making it an 8th magnitude star that is too faint to be visible with the naked eye. However, it should be easy target with binoculars or small telescope. The system is located at a distance of 150 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −17 km/s.
Newnham, Hertfordshire
Newnham is a small village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) north of the town of Baldock. It shares a grouped parish council with the neighbouring parish of Caldecote. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 88.

North Hertfordshire
North Hertfordshire is one of ten local government districts in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Letchworth Garden City and the largest town is Hitchin. The district also includes the towns of Baldock and Royston and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Part of the district lies within the Chiltern Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are East Hertfordshire, Stevenage, Welwyn Hatfield, St Albans, Luton, Central Bedfordshire, South Cambridgeshire and Uttlesford.
Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle welterweight
The welterweight was the second-heaviest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the wrestling programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It included wrestlers weighing 145 to 158 pounds (65.8 to 71.7 kg). It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. Ten wrestlers competed.

Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, seven wrestling events were contested, all in the freestyle discipline. Then known as catch wrestling, it was the first time freestyle wrestling was featured at the Olympic Games, as the first Olympic wrestling contests in 1896 had been in the Greco-Roman style. Weight classes also made their first appearance. The sport continues to be in the Olympic program to the present day. The event also doubled as that year's Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) Catch Wrestling Championships.
For the Honour of Australia
For the Honour of Australia is a 1916 Australian silent war drama film composed of footage from two 1915 Australian silent films, For Australia and How We Beat the Emden, plus the documentary How We Fought the Emden.

National Film and Sound Archive
The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA), based in Canberra and known as ScreenSound Australia from 1999 to 2004, is Australia's audiovisual archive, responsible for developing, preserving, maintaining, promoting, and providing access to a national collection of film, television, sound, radio, video games, new media, and related documents and artefacts. The collection ranges from works created in the late nineteenth century when the recorded sound and film industries were in their infancy, to those made in the present day.

The NFSA collection first started as the National Historical Film and Speaking Record Library (within the then Commonwealth National Library) in 1935, becoming an independent cultural organisation in 1984. On 3 October, Prime Minister Bob Hawke officially opened the NFSA's headquarters in Canberra.
Alexander Abercromby (British Army officer)
Colonel Alexander Abercromby, CB (4 March 1784 – 27 August 1853) was a senior British Army officer during the Napoleonic Wars.  He also served for a short time as a Member of Parliament for Clackmannanshire.

Military Order of Maria Theresa
The Military Order of Maria Theresa (German: Militär-Maria-Theresien-Orden; Hungarian: Katonai Mária Terézia-rend; Czech: Vojenský řád Marie Terezie; Polish: Wojskowy Order Marii Teresy; Slovene: Vojaški red Marije Terezije; Croatian: Vojni red Marije Terezije) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire.
2018 Ligue 1 (Congo)
The 2018 Ligue 1 is the 51st season of Ligue 1, the top professional league for association football clubs in the Republic of the Congo, since its establishment in 1961. The season started on 27 January 2018 and concluded on 21 October 2018.

Congo Ligue 1
Congo Ligue 1 is the top division of the Congolese Football Federation, in the Republic of the Congo. It was created in 1961. The official name is Championnat National MTN for sponsorship reasons.

Between 1961 and 1977 the championship was decided in a 3-team tournament between the regional champions of Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Niari. From 1978 to 1993, a nationwide league with 10 to 14 teams was played. From 1994 to 2008, the FECOFOOT reverted to a national play-off after the regional tournaments, with additional entries for the stronger leagues (Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire). In 2009, a nationwide league was reformed with 18 teams.
1999–2000 Reggina Calcio season
Reggina Calcio made its Serie A debut in the 1999-00 season, ending the season in twelfth place for the southernmost team in the league at the time. The season also saw the definite breakthroughs of Roberto Baronio, Andrea Pirlo, and Mohamed Kallon, leading to all three players joining larger clubs in the summer. The performance also owed much to goalkeeper Massimo Taibi, returning from a poor spell at Manchester United.

Massimo Taibi
Massimo Taibi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmassimo taˈibi]; born 18 February 1970) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for several clubs, mostly in Italy's Serie A, B, and C1. He had a brief spell at English club Manchester United.
Leonard Lindley
Leonard Oscroft Lindley (22 February 1861 – 3 May 1915) was an English first-class cricketer and footballer.

The son of Leonard Lindley, who was a lace dresser and Mayor of Nottingham in 1882, he was born at Nottingham in February 1861 and was educated at Nottingham High School. He played football mostly as a winger for Nottingham Forest, debuting in 1878 against Spital United. He played for Nottingham Forest until 1881. Lindley also played first-class cricket on two occasions for the North of England in the North v South fixtures of 1884 and 1886, with both matches played at Lord's. He scored 28 runs in his two matches, with a high score of 22. He later became a partner in the family lace dressing business Lindley and Lindley, until its dissolution in 1897. Lindley died in May 1915 at Kings Norton, Worcestershire. His brother, Tinsley Lindley, was an international footballer and first-class cricketer.

North v South
The North of England and South of England cricket teams appeared in matches between the 1836 and 1961 seasons, most often playing against each other but also individually in games against touring teams, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and others. Until international cricket became firmly established towards the end of the 19th century, the North v South match was one of the major fixtures in the cricketing calendar along with Gentlemen v Players. Indeed, North v South was really the major fixture because it could potentially showcase the best 22 players in the country, whereas Gentlemen teams in the other match were often very weak.

In all, there were 155 North v South matches. The South won 62; the North won 55; 37 were drawn, and one match in 1889 was abandoned.
Billie Gillespie
William Jardine Gillespie (2 October 1873 – 1942) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre forward for Lincoln City and Manchester City. Gillespie is tied alongside Fred Tilson as Man City's ninth highest goalscorer of all time.

1904 FA Cup final
The 1904 FA Cup final was a football match between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City on 23 April 1904 at Crystal Palace in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the 33rd Cup final, and the tenth at Crystal Palace.

Each team progressed through four rounds to reach the final. Manchester City were a First Division team chasing a league and cup double; Bolton Wanderers were a mid-table Second Division team. Consequently, most observers anticipated a Manchester City win. In a close match featuring strong defensive play, Manchester City won 1–0. The goal, scored by Billy Meredith, was disputed by those with Bolton sympathies, who believed Meredith to be offside. The victory gave Manchester City their first major honour.
Bob Blazekovic
Robert Blazekovic (born May 26, 1960) is an American former professional tennis player.

Blazekovic grew up in Battle Creek, Michigan and attended Springfield High School, where he won two state titles in singles. On the professional tour, Blazekovic attained a best singles world ranking of 273. In 1985 he qualified for the main draw of the Volvo International in Stratton Mountain was beaten by Jimmy Connors in the first round.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Residency (administrative division)
A Residency was an administrative division of:

the former British Empire. Most notable were the following:
British Residency of the Persian Gulf
Residencies of British India see: Category:Residencies of British India

the Dutch East Indies, e.g.
Jambi Residency, Batavia Residency, Semarang Residency, etc. See Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Ildefonso Altarpiece
The Ildefonso Altarpiece is a triptych painting by Peter Paul Rubens, dating to between 1630 and 1631. It is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, in Vienna.

It is named after the central panel, which shows Saint Ildefonsus's vision of the Virgin Mary, in which she gave him a casula. On the side panels are Isabella Clara Eugenia and Albert VII, regents of the Spanish Netherlands, with their patron saints Albert  and Elisabeth of Hungary. Albert had founded the Ildefonso Brotherhood in the Church of St. James on Coudenberg in Brussels, to encourage loyalty to the Habsburg dynasty - the altarpiece was commissioned for the Brotherhood by his widow shortly after his death.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
Royal Drawing School
Royal Drawing School (RDS) is an independent, not‑for‑profit educational organisation and registered charity based in Shoreditch, London. It was founded in 2000 by HM King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) and artist Catherine Goodman as the Prince’s Drawing School; the school received permission to adopt its current name in 2014.

RDS teaches observational drawing at all levels and, by its 25th anniversary, was running more than 350 courses annually, from drop‑in sessions to its postgraduate programme, the Drawing Year.

Antony Gormley
Sir Antony Mark David Gormley CH OBE RA (born 30 August 1950) is a British sculptor. His works include the Angel of the North, a public sculpture in Gateshead in the north of England, commissioned in 1994 and erected in February 1998; Another Place on Crosby Beach near Liverpool; and Event Horizon, a multipart site installation which premiered in London in 2007, then subsequently in Madison Square in New York City (2010), São Paulo (2012) and Hong Kong (2015–16).
Tattenham Corner Stakes
The Tattenham Corner Stakes (formerly the John Of Gaunt Stakes) is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It was run at Haydock Park over a distance of 7 furlongs and 37 yards (1,442 metres), and it was scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. From 2026 It will be run at Epsom over a distance of 7 furlongs and 37 yards (1,442 metres) and will take place on the Saturday of the Epsom Derby. The race's new title comes from Tattenham Corner, the bend into Epsom's finishing straight.

The event was named after John of Gaunt, the 1st Duke of Lancaster, who lived in the 14th century. It was formerly open to horses aged three or older, and it used to be classed at Listed level. The minimum age was raised to four in 1998, and the race was promoted to Group 3 status in 2008.

The race was sponsored by the Timeform organisation from 2009 to 2016 and was run as the Timeform Jury Stakes.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Beechwood House, Highgate
Beechwood House is a Grade II listed large detached house set in 11 acres (4.5 hectares) of grounds on Hampstead Lane in Highgate, North West London, N6. It was built in 1840 in the grounds of the former Fitzroy House by the architect and developer George Basevi for his brother Nathaniel, a barrister. It has been owned by several prominent personalities including politicians Lewis McIver and Oswald Lewis, King Khalid of Saudi Arabia, and the Qatari sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. It is owned by trusts linked to the Uzbek businessman Alisher Usmanov.

Highgate
Highgate is a suburban area of north London, which is divided among three London boroughs: Haringey in the north and east, Camden in the south and west, and Islington in the south and east. It lies at the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath, 4.5 mi (7 km) north-north-west of Charing Cross.

Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has three conservation organisations: the Highgate Society, the Highgate Neighbourhood Forum and the Highgate Conservation Area Advisory Committee, to protect and enhance its character and amenities.
Michał Hieronim Radziwiłł
Prince Michał Hieronim Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: Mykolas Jeronimas Radvila; 13 September 1744 – 2 May 1831) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman, politician, diplomat and member of the Radziwiłł family. He was an ordynat of Kleck, Olyka and Niasvizh, Great Sword-bearer of Lithuania from 1771, castellan of Vilnius from 1775, voivode of Vilnius from 1790, starost grabowski, komorowski, kraszewicki, and miksztadzki. He also held a position of Marshal during the Partition Sejm, together with Adam Poniński.

He was a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (awarded on 7 September 1773) and a holder of the Order of the Black Eagle. His paternal great-grandfather was Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł. He was married to Helena Przeździecka from 26 April 1771, their son was Antoni Radziwiłł.

Voivode of Vilnius
The Voivode of Vilnius (Lithuanian: Vilniaus vaivada, Polish: wojewoda wileński) was a high-ranking officer in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who governed the Vilnius Voivodeship from 1413. He was considered as the most influential member of the Lithuanian Council of Lords. After the Union of Lublin in 1569, the Voivodes of Vilnius (who were senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) were ranked as the fourth highest, while the Castellans of Vilnius were ranked as the sixth highest officers among the Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Third Partition of the Commonwealth, the Vilnius Voivodeship was annexed by the Russian Empire and this position was annulled.
Kota (Transjakarta)
Kota is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located at the Old City of Batavia (Kota Tua Jakarta) in Pinangsia, Taman Sari, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station, which is the terminus of corridor 1, serves as the transit point for corridor 12. The name of this station comes from Kota Tua Jakarta and the adjacent Jakarta Kota railway station.

Kota Tua Jakarta
Kota Tua Jakarta (Indonesian for "Jakarta Old Town"), officially known as Kota Tua, is a neighborhood comprising the original downtown area of Jakarta, Indonesia. It is also known as Oud Batavia (Dutch for "Old Batavia"), Benedenstad ("Lower City", contrasting it with Weltevreden, de Bovenstad ("Upper City")), or Kota Lama (Indonesian for "Old Town").

The site contains Dutch-style structures mostly dated from 17th century, when the port city served as the Asian headquarters of VOC during the heyday of spice trade. It spans 1.3 square kilometres within North Jakarta and West Jakarta (Kelurahan Pinangsia, Taman Sari and Kelurahan Roa Malaka, Tambora). The largely Chinese downtown area of Glodok is a part of Kota Tua.