hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poland–Slovakia border
The Poland–Slovakia border is the international border between Poland and Slovakia and has formally existed since 1 January 1993, following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into two independent states. Before the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, its eastern border with Poland was practically identical to the present-day border between Poland and Slovakia, with minor corrections made in later years. The length of the Poland–Slovakia border is 541 kilometres (336 mi)

Pilsko
Pilsko is the second highest mountain of the Żywiec Beskids (Oravské Beskydy in Slovakia) mountain range, near the border between Poland and Slovakia. It rises to an altitude of 1,557 meters (5,108 ft) and is a hiking destination in summer and a skiing area in winter. The name Pilsko is frequently used not only to describe the main peak, which lies in Slovakia, but also the whole range. The mountain lies not only on the border between the two nations, it also marks the European Watershed.
Düsseldorf-Carlstadt
Carlstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈkaʁlˌʃtat]) is a quarter of Düsseldorf and belongs to the central Borough 1. It lies south of the Old Town (Altstadt) and was named after the Duke Carl-Theodor, who founded this borough.

Carlstadt has an area of 0.45 km2 (0.17 sq mi). It is the smallest borough of Düsseldorf. It has 2,259 inhabitants (2020).

Its economical life is mainly based on upper class shops. One of the three European central offices of Vodafone is in Carlstadt. The Heinrich Heine Institute and the Robert Schumann Society are in Carlstadt.
Clara and Robert Schumann lived for a couple of years in Carlstadt. Well-known is the Carlsplatz, the central market place of Düsseldorf in Carlstadt.

Altstadt (Düsseldorf)
The Altstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'old town') is one of the 50 quarters (Stadtteile) of Düsseldorf, Germany; it belongs to central Borough 1. The Düsseldorfer Altstadt is known as "the longest bar in the world" (längste Theke der Welt), because the small Old Town has more than 300 bars and discothèques; supposedly, each establishment's bar-counter connecting to one next door.

Düsseldorf is famed for its special beer, Altbier ("old beer"), brewed from an old traditional recipe, which is only produced in a few places in the world since the end of the 19th century.

The Old Town has an area of 0.48 square kilometer (which is less than a quarter of a percent of the whole city) and has 2,429 inhabitants (2020), less than half a percent of the population of Düsseldorf. The density of population is thus 5,398 inhabitants/km2.
Razboyna Glacier
Razboyna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Разбойна, romanized: lednik Razboyna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik razˈbɔjnɐ]) is the 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) wide glacier in Petvar Heights on the southeast side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica situated north of Drama Glacier, east of Kornicker Glacier, and south of the lower course of Thomas Glacier.  It is draining the north slopes of Bagra Peak, and flowing northeastwards to leave the range north of Long Peak.

The feature is named after the settlements of Razboyna in northeastern and southeastern Bulgaria.

Thomas Glacier
Thomas Glacier (78°40′S 84°0′W﻿ / ﻿78.667°S 84.000°W﻿ / -78.667; -84.000) is a roughly Z-shaped glacier which drains the southeast slopes of Vinson Massif and flows for 17 nautical miles (31 km) through the south part of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, leaving the range between Doyran and Petvar Heights south of Johnson Spur.

The glacier was discovered by U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6 on photographic flights of 14–15 December 1959, and mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from the photos. It was named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for R. Admiral Charles W. Thomas, USCG, veteran of Antarctic expeditions in the 1950s.
Glenda Tuaine
Glenda Tuaine is an event, arts producer and promoter based in Rarotonga. Tuaine is Company Director of Motone Productions, a creative production company based in Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Tahiti and Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand. In 2019 Tuaine was awarded the Creative New Zealand Special Recognition Arts Pasifika Award. Tuaine is invested in the arts in the Cook Islands and produces tours for musicians, opera events, and has directed an award-winning short film about Cook Island artist Mike Tavioni.

Rarotonga
Rarotonga is the largest and most populous island of the country of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km2 (26.02 sq mi), and is home to 72% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. Avarua, on the north coast, is the location of the Parliament buildings and the capital of the Cook Islands. The country's international airport is also in Avarua, and Rarotonga is a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, hotels and motels.

Rarotonga has been populated by a Polynesian people since late in the 1st millennium. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer, on 25 July 1823 while transporting the missionary Reverend John Williams.
1998 America East Conference baseball tournament
The 1998 America East Conference baseball tournament was held at Frawley Stadium in Wilmington, Delaware. The top four regular season finishers of the league's eight teams qualified for the double-elimination tournament. In the championship game, first-seeded Delaware defeated second-seeded Northeastern, 10-4, to win its third tournament championship. As a result, Delaware received the America East's automatic bid to the 1998 NCAA tournament.

America East Conference baseball tournament
The America East Conference baseball tournament, officially known as the America East Conference baseball championship, is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I America East Conference. The top six finishers in the regular season of the conference's seven teams advance to the double-elimination tournament, which rotates among the home fields of each conference member. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship. The format has changed over the years between a six-team and four-team formats. Beginning in 2009, the conference allowed schools to host the championship on fields without lights.
Guerra del Golfo (2016)
Guerra del Golfo (2016) (Spanish for "Gulf War") was a major lucha libre, or professional wrestling, event produced by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) that took place on April 17, 2016. The show was the ninth year in a row that IWRG has held a Guerra del Golfo show, which usually takes places in the early spring.

The eponymous Guerra del Golfo tournament consists of three matches in total, with two "qualifying matches", multi-man steel cage matches where the last person left in the cage is "punished" by advancing to the main event of the night. The two losers were then forced to wrestle inside the steel cage under Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match", rules. Astro Jr. lost the last Guerra del Golfo cage match to Dr. Cerebro and thus had to remove his mask and reveal his real name as a result of the loss.

Oficial Spartan
Oficial Spartan is the current ring name of Victor Manuel Montés (born July 29, 1975 in Guerrero, Mexico), who is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). Montés previously worked under a number of other ring names including Omega and Arlequín Rojo, but they are not publicly acknowledged as the enmascarado character is promoted as a separate entity from Montés' previous characters as is often the case when a Mexican wrestler adopts a new masked character.
2012 Western & Southern Open
The 2012 Western and Southern Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts.  It was the 111th edition (for the men) and the 84th (for the women) of the Cincinnati Masters, and was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA Premier 5 tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. The tournament was held at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio, United States, from August 11 to August 19, 2012. Roger Federer and Li Na won the singles titles.

2012 WTA Tour
The 2012 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tournament of Champions), and the tennis event at the Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Neuburg an der Donau
Neuburg an der Donau (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏbʊʁk ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈdoːnaʊ] ⓘ, lit. 'Neuburg on the Danube'; Central Bavarian: Neiburg an da Donau) is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.

Neuburg-Schrobenhausen
Neuburg-Schrobenhausen is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Pfaffenhofen, Aichach-Friedberg, Donau-Ries and Eichstätt, and by the city of Ingolstadt.
Nanophase material
Nanophase materials are materials that have grain sizes under 100 nanometres. They have different mechanical and optical properties compared to the large grained materials of the same chemical composition.

Transparency and different transparent colours can be achieved with nanophase materials by varying the grain size.

Optical properties
The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include:

Refractive index

Dispersion

Transmittance and Transmission coefficient

Absorption

Scattering

Turbidity

Reflectance and Reflectivity (reflection coefficient)

Albedo

Perceived color

Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence

Optical bistability

Dichroism

Birefringence

Optical activity

Photosensitivity

A basic distinction is between isotropic materials, which exhibit the same properties regardless of the direction of the light, and anisotropic ones, which exhibit different properties when light passes through them in different directions.

The optical properties of matter can lead to a variety of interesting optical phenomena.
Miss Grand Argentina 2025
Miss Grand Argentina 2025 was the first edition of the Miss Grand Argentina pageant, held on 27 August 2025 at the Teatro Ateneo Cecilia Bernasconi in Buenos Aires. Twelve contestants from different provinces and departments of the country competed for the title.

The contest was won by a 22-year-old Elena Mateo, representing the Tucumán Province. Mateo will later represent the country on the parent stage of Miss Grand International 2025, which will take place in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

The pageant was organized under the directorship of an entrepreneur, Malena Gonzalez, who is also the director of Miss Supranational for Argentina.

Miss Grand International 2025
Miss Grand International 2025 was the 13th edition of the Miss Grand International pageant, held at the MGI Hall in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

CJ Opiaza of the Philippines crowned Emma Tiglao of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event. This marks the first back-to-back victory in Miss Grand International history.

Contestants from seventy-seven countries and territories competed in this edition. The competition was transmitted via the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV, and was hosted by Matthew Deane. Miss Grand Thailand 2022, Engfa Waraha, Pitchapa Justice, and Kanlayawan Phet-in performed in this edition.
Vittorio Gorresio
Vittorio Gorresio (18 July 1910 – 17 December 1982) was an Italian Journalist-commentator and essayist.

After he died, an admirer commended the complete originality of his approach. He was a political reporter who wanted to offer readers something more than mere information, albeit on a basis that was both timely and truthful, employing facts for which he was happy to serve as guarantor. He always took great care to provide an instantly "historical" portrayal of matters about which he wrote. This was achieved through an exceptionally broad and deep personal knowledge of the political world, but his work was also spiced with an elegant almost Anglo-Saxon style of humour, and supported by total independence in his judgements.

Il Popolo d'Italia
Il Popolo d'Italia (Italian: [il ˈpɔpolo d‿iˈtalja]; lit. 'The People of Italy') was an Italian newspaper published from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943. It was founded by Benito Mussolini as a pro-war newspaper during World War I, and it later became the main newspaper of the fascist movement in Italy after the war. It published editions every day with the exception of Mondays.
Marcia Andrades
Marcia Yuleisi Andrades Mendoza (born 17 May 1984 in Cumaná) is a Venezuelan freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 55 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated by Valeria Zholobova in the qualifications.  At the 2008 Olympics, she lost to Ludmila Cristea at the same stage. Andrades was born in Cumaná, Venezuela.

Valeria Koblova
Valeria Sergeyevna Koblova, née Zholobova (Russian: Валерия Сергеевна Коблова; born 9 October 1992) is a Russian retired freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 55 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; she advanced to the bronze medal match, where she was defeated by Yuliya Ratkevich. At the 2014 World Wrestling Championships she lost in the final match to 10-time World champion and 4-time Olympic champion Kaori Icho. At the 2016 Summer Olympics she lost in the gold medal match to Kaori Icho. She is Grand Master of Sports in freestyle wrestling.
Bat Cave site
The Bat Cave Site (34CI69), near Kenton, Cimarron County, Oklahoma, is a 3-acre (1.2 ha) archeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It was listed on the National Register for its potential to yield information in the future.

Its address is restricted. According to an Oklahoma state website, it is an "intact cave dwelling site"; it is apparently the location of precontact activity during the transition period between hunter/gatherers and a horticulturist/subsistence people. The ancient campsite is under water.

Cimarron County, Oklahoma
Cimarron County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Its county seat is Boise City.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,296, making it the least-populous county in Oklahoma. Throughout most of its history, it has had both the smallest population and the lowest population density of any county in Oklahoma.  Located in the Oklahoma Panhandle, Cimarron County contains the only community in the state (Kenton) that observes the Mountain Time Zone. Black Mesa, the highest point in the state, is in the northwest corner of the county.   The Cimarron County community of Regnier has the distinction of being the driest spot in Oklahoma ranked by lowest annual average precipitation, at just 15.62 inches; at the same time, Boise City is the snowiest location in Oklahoma ranked by highest annual average snowfall, at 31.6 inches.
Qingmenodus
Qingmenodus is a genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish. Fossils of Qingmenodus were found in China and date back to the Early Devonian period. Qingmenodus reveals the first well-ossified otoccipital braincase in onychodonts. Palaeontologists believe that Qingmenodus was one of the oldest onychodont fish.

Onychodontiformes
Onychodontiformes (also known as Onychodontida and Struniiformes) is an order of prehistoric sarcopterygian fish that lived during the Devonian period. The onychodontiforms are generally regarded as early-diverging members of the coelacanth lineage.
Got Talent Portugal season 3
Got Talent Portugal (season 3) is the 3rd season of the talent show Got Talent Portugal, the Portuguese version of the hit got talent show Britain's Got Talent. Each judge can press the golden buzzer once in the auditions same as last year, such as the hosts. This year a new rule was made, the judges can give a unanimous golden buzzer that means the 3 judges can press the buzzer at the same time.

Cuca Roseta is the new judge, the Portuguese fadist, replaces Sofia Escobar and Mariza.

António Casalinho was crowned the winner of this edition after winning its final on 28 May 2017, the 13-year-old young dancer also got the prize of €30,000.

Got Talent Portugal
Got Talent Portugal is a talent show adapted for Portugal from the original British show Britain's Got Talent.

The show travels the country in search of people with new and diverse talents: magicians, ventriloquists, singers, orators, dancers, street artists, acrobats, comedians, jugglers, among many others. Without an age limit, it is a unique format in searching for true talent, whether it be an individual or in a group, and gives anonymous people the opportunity to show their artistic gifts in more diverse areas.
Buff Island
Buff Island is an Antarctic island which lies 3 nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the Joubin Islands and 10.5 nautical miles (19 km) southwest of Cape Monaco, Anvers Island, at the southwest end of the Palmer Archipelago. The island appears to be first shown and named on a 1936 chart by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill.

Anvers Island
Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high, mountainous island 61 km (38 miles) long, the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was discovered by John Biscoe in 1832 and named in 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache after the province of Antwerp in Belgium. It lies south-west of Brabant Island at the south-western end of the group. The south-western coastline of the island forms part of the Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 7). Cormorant Island, an Important Bird Area, lies 1 km off the south coast.

There is a small science outpost called Palmer Station on the south end of Anvers island since the late 1960s; it is the smallest and farthest north of three the U.S. has on the continent. It is staffed by a few dozen people mostly doing marine and biology research, and is usually resupplied by ship as it has no regular airport.
Special Real Time Operating System
Special Real Time Operating System (SRTOS) is a discontinued IBM real time operating system, originally designed for use in the electricity industry, but later also applied in other areas of industrial process control. It formed part of the Realtime Plant Management System (RPMS) and Advanced Control System (ACS). Rather than a standalone operating system, it was designed as an extension to the OS/VS1 and OS/VS2 (later MVS) operating systems. It was also used in the paper industry. SRTOS was originally released in 1976, and though no longer supported as a program product, it is currently used as part of several ACS and RPMS installations worldwide.

MVS
Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) is the most commonly used operating system on the System/370, System/390 and IBM Z IBM mainframe computers. IBM developed MVS, along with OS/VS1 and SVS, as a successor to OS/360. It is unrelated to IBM's other mainframe operating system lines, e.g., VSE, VM, TPF.
Rwanda women's national football team
The Rwanda women's national football team represents Rwanda in women's association football and is controlled by the Rwandese Association Football Federation. It had to date been scheduled to compete in one major tournament, the inaugural Women's Challenge Cup held in Zanzibar in October 2007, but the event was ultimately canceled. It has finally debuted in February 2014 against Kenya. The team is nicknamed The She-Amavubi (Kinyarwanda for The She-Wasps).

As of the latest update on August 16, 2024, the Rwanda National Women's Team is ranked 167th in the world with a total of 874.81 points.

Kigali Pelé Stadium
Kigali Pelé Stadium, nicknamed Nyamirambo Regional Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in the Nyamirambo neighbourhood of Kigali, Rwanda. It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts several teams in the Rwanda Premier League, including APR FC and Rayon Sports. The Rwandan women’s national football team plays home matches here.

It has an artificial turf surface and seats 22,000 spectators. The stadium was deemed unfit to host international matches in 2021 by the Confederation of African Football and underwent a renovation that began in January 2023 ahead of the 73rd FIFA Congress, hosted by Kigali. It reopened on March 15, 2023, and was renamed in honor of the late Brazilian footballer Pelé by Rwanda president Paul Kagame and FIFA president Gianni Infantino.

In 1998, the stadium was used for the public executions of four individuals convicted of involvement in the Rwandan genocide, including Froduald Karamira.
Alex Stamos
Alex Stamos (born 1979) is a Greek-American cybersecurity expert and business executive who works on improving the security and safety of the Internet.

He is the chief security officer at Corridor and a lecturer at Stanford University. Prior to this, he was the chief security officer at Facebook and Yahoo, the co-founder of iSEC Partners, and the founder of the Stanford Internet Observatory.

He departed from Facebook following disagreement with other executives about how to address the Russian government's use of its platform to spread disinformation during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

Chief security officer
A chief security officer (CSO) is an organization's most senior executive accountable for the development and oversight of policies and programs intended for the mitigation and/or reduction of compliance, operational, strategic, financial and reputational security risk strategies relating to the protection of people, intellectual assets and tangible property.
Snowyside Peak
Snowyside Peak, at 10,651 feet (3,246 m) above sea level, is the fifth-highest peak in the Sawtooth Range of the U.S. state of Idaho. The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area at the intersection of Blaine, Custer County, and Elmore counties. It is the highest point in Elmore County. The peak is located 5.1 miles (8.2 km) south of Mount Cramer, its line parent. It is the 217th-highest peak in Idaho.

Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
The Sawtooth Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in central Idaho, United States, reaching a maximum elevation of 10,751 feet (3,277 m) at the summit of Thompson Peak. It encompasses an area of 678 square miles (1,756 km2) spanning parts of Custer, Boise, Blaine, and Elmore counties, and is bordered to the east by the Sawtooth Valley. Much of the mountain range is within the Sawtooth Wilderness, part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area and Sawtooth National Forest.

The mountains were named for their jagged peaks.