hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1991 Copa Libertadores finals
The 1991 Copa Libertadores final was a two-legged football match-up to determine the 1991 Copa Libertadores champion. It was contested between Olimpia of Paraguay and Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo of Chile.

Colo-Colo won 3–0 on aggregate score and became the first Chilean football team to win an official international competition. These finals were the last ones not to show either an Argentine nor a Brazilian team competed up to the 2016 edition.

1991 Copa Libertadores
The 1991 Copa Libertadores was won by Colo-Colo of Chile after defeating Olimpia of Paraguay with a 3–0 aggregate score in the finals. The championship would mark a first for a Chilean club team in an international tournament. Twenty-one clubs from all South American countries within Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL) participated.
Metrication in Canada
Metrication in Canada began in 1970 and ceased in 1985. While Canada has converted to the metric system for many purposes, there is still some use of non-metric units and standards in many sectors of the Canadian economy and everyday life. This is mainly due to historical ties with the United Kingdom, the traditional use of the imperial system of measurement in Canada, interdependent supply chains with the United States, and opposition to metrication during the transition period.

Speedometer
A speedometer or speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the early 20th century, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards. Other vehicles may use devices analogous to the speedometer with different means of sensing speed, eg. boats use a pit log, while aircraft use an airspeed indicator.

Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer, which was usually fitted to locomotives.

The electric speedometer was invented by the Croat Josip Belušić in 1888 and was originally called a velocimeter.
Dimocarpus gardneri
Dimocarpus gardneri is a species of plant related to the longan found in Sri Lanka. It is endangered in the wild due to habitat loss.

Dimocarpus gardneri is a middle-sized tree. It grows in dry parts of Sri Lanka.

Longan
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan (/ˈlɒŋɑːn/) and dragon's eye, is a tropical tree species that produces edible fruit. It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family Sapindaceae, to which the lychee and rambutan also belong. The fruit of the longan is similar to that of the lychee, but is less aromatic in taste.

The longan (from Vietnamese long nhãn or Cantonese lùhng ngáahn 龍眼, literally 'dragon eye'), is so named because the black seed within the shelled fruit creates the appearance of an eyeball. The plant is native to tropical Asia and China.
Compsocidae
Compsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The family comprises two extant species in two genera, both found in Mesoamerica. Compsocus elegans is found in Mexico and Central America, while Electrentomopsis variegata is found in Mexico.  The antennae of each species have 13 or 14 segments. Two extinct genera, Burmacompsocus and Paraelectrentomopsis are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar and Albian aged Spanish amber.

Compsocus
Compsocus is a genus within the Psocoptera order of insects, commonly known as booklice or barklice. The only known species in this genus, Compsocus elegans, is found in Mexico and Central America. It was first identified by Nathan Banks in 1930.
2025 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 2025 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by first-year head coach Barry Odom, the Boilermakers played their home games at Ross–Ade Stadium in West Lafayette, Indiana. For the second straight year, the Boilermakers failed to win a single conference game.

The Purdue Boilermakers recorded the 3rd highest average home attendance among football teams in the state of Indiana, with 56,581 spectators per game. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish recorded the highest average with 77,622 and the Indianapolis Colts recorded the 2nd highest average with 65,041.

West Lafayette, Indiana
West Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 44,595 at the 2020 census. West Lafayette sits across the Wabash River from its sister city, Lafayette, and is a college town, home to Purdue University. It is the most densely populated city in Indiana, located 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 113 miles (182 km) southeast of Chicago.
Langevin dynamics
In physics, Langevin dynamics is an approach to the mathematical modeling of the dynamics of molecular systems using the Langevin equation. It was originally developed by French physicist Paul Langevin. The approach is characterized by the use of simplified models while accounting for omitted degrees of freedom by the use of stochastic differential equations. Langevin dynamics simulations are a kind of Monte Carlo simulation.

Klein–Kramers equation
In physics and mathematics, the Klein–Kramers equation or sometimes referred as Kramers–Chandrasekhar equation is a partial differential equation that describes the probability density function f (r, p, t) of a Brownian particle in phase space (r, p). It is a special case of the Fokker–Planck equation.

In one spatial dimension, f is a function of three independent variables: the scalars x, p, and t. In this case, the Klein–Kramers equation is

where V(x) is the external potential, m is the particle mass, ξ is the friction (drag) coefficient, T is the temperature, and kB is the Boltzmann constant. In d spatial dimensions, the equation is

Here  and  are the gradient operator with respect to r and p, and  is the Laplacian with respect to p.

The fractional Klein-Kramers equation is a generalization that incorporates anomalous diffusion by way of fractional calculus.
Pre-Cana
Pre-Cana is a course or consultation for couples preparing to be married in a Catholic church. The name is derived from John 2:1–12, the Wedding at Cana in Galilee, where Jesus performed the miracle of turning water into wine.

John 2
John 2 is the second chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It contains the famous stories of the miracle of Jesus turning water into wine and Jesus expelling the money changers from the Temple. The author of the book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this gospel.

The chapter and verse divisions did not appear in the original texts: they form part of the paratext of the Bible. Since the early 13th century, most copies and editions of the Bible present all but the shortest of these books with divisions into chapters. Since the mid-16th century editors have further subdivided each chapter into verses.
Projectional radiography
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. Projectional radiography is not the same as a radiographic projection, which refers specifically to the direction of the X-ray beam and patient positioning during the imaging process. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists. Both the procedure and any resultant images are often simply called 'X-ray'. Plain radiography or roentgenography generally refers to projectional radiography (without the use of more advanced techniques such as computed tomography that can generate 3D-images). Plain radiography can also refer to radiography without a radiocontrast agent or radiography that generates single static images, as contrasted to fluoroscopy, which are technically also projectional.

X-ray machine
An X-ray machine is a device that uses X-rays for a variety of applications including medicine, X-ray fluorescence, electronic assembly inspection, and measurement of material thickness in manufacturing operations. In medical applications, X-ray machines are used by radiographers to acquire x-ray images of the internal structures (e.g., bones) of living organisms, and also in sterilization.
Rize
Rize (Turkish pronunciation: [ɾi'ze]; Greek: Ριζούντα, romanized: Rizoúnta; Laz: რიზინი, romanized: Rizini; Georgian: რიზე) is a coastal city in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Rize Province and Rize District. Its population is 119,828 (2021). Rize is a typical Turkish provincial capital with little in the way of nightlife or entertainment. Since the border with Georgia was opened in the early 1990s, the Black Sea coast road has been widened and the town is much wealthier than it used to be. Current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's family has its roots in Rize and the local university is named after him. The city is linked by road with Trabzon (41 miles [66 km] west), Hopa (55 miles [88 km] east on the Georgian border, and Erzurum (south). The Rize–Artvin Airport started operating in 2022.

Rize tea
Rize tea (Turkish: Rize çayı) is the black tea used for Turkish tea. Produced in Rize Province of Turkey which has a mild climate with high precipitation and fertile soil, when brewed it is mahogany in color.

In addition to being consumed at home, it is served in Turkish cafés by a çaycı, in small, narrow-waisted glasses. It can be taken strong (Turkish: demli or dark) or weak (Turkish: açık or light), and is traditionally served with sugar crystals (Turkish: toz şeker) or a couple of sugar lumps (Turkish: kesme şeker), although it is frequently consumed without any sugar, depending on personal preference.
Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 8
Bigg Boss 8 (also known as Bigg Boss 8: Sabki Lagegi Vaat), which merged into Bigg Boss Halla Bol, was the eighth season of the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss, which premiered on TV channel Colors from 21 September 2014 and concluded on 3 January 2015 with five final contestants. Bigg Boss is the Indian edition of Big Brother. Salman Khan returned as the host of the series for the fifth time and Snapdeal was chosen to be the new presenting sponsor after the end of Colors' five-year deal with Vodafone India for the series.

After the finale of season with five champions, Bigg Boss Halla Bol a spin-off was launched on 4 January. It merged with the regular series and continued in the same house. Five contestants from previous seasons entered the house to compete with five crowned regular entrants of the season finale. Farah Khan became the new host as Salman bid adieu due to his filming schedule of Bajrangi Bhaijaan.

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)
Bigg Boss is an Indian Hindi-language reality television show of the Bigg Boss franchise in India that airs on Colors TV. It is based on the Dutch format of Big Brother, developed by Endemol. Since its premiere on November 3, 2006, the show has completed nineteen seasons and three OTT (Over-the-Top) seasons. Throughout its run, Bigg Boss has seen a variety of hosts. The first season was hosted by Arshad Warsi, followed by Shilpa Shetty in the second season and Amitabh Bachchan in the third. Farah Khan led the Halla Bol season, while Sanjay Dutt co-hosted the fifth season with Salman Khan. Since season 4, Salman Khan has taken the helm as the show's primary host. As of season 19, a total of 353 contestants has participated in Bigg Boss. Thirteen contestants have returned for other seasons, while two played as proxy contestants and 4 were not selected by the audience, preventing them from entering the house. As of season 19, Bigg Boss has aired a total of 2,076 episodes.
Johan Bull
Johan Bull (November 22, 1893 – September 12, 1945) was an American painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Bull was born in Oslo, Norway, the son of Ole Bull and Kaja Steenberg Bull of Stange, Norway. He was the grandnephew of the violinist Ole Bull. Bull emigrated to the United States in 1925. He worked on the staff of The New Yorker. He and his wife, Sonja Geelmuyden Bull (1898–1991), settled at Stowe, Vermont in 1941, where Bull operated a girls' school together with Countess Susie Sparre. He died at his summer home in Stowe, Vermont in 1945.

Stowe, Vermont
Stowe is a town in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The population was 5,223 at the 2020 census. The town lies on Vermont Routes 108 and 100. It is nicknamed "The Ski Capital of the East" and is home to Stowe Mountain Resort, a ski facility with terrain on Mount Mansfield,  the highest peak in Vermont, and Spruce Peak.
Alan MacMasters hoax
In February 2012, a group of British students created a hoax by editing the English Wikipedia article about the electric toaster, inserting the false claim that a man named Alan MacMasters invented it in 1893. One of the students created a separate article about the fictitious Alan MacMasters in February 2013 and embellished it with further details in the following years. The fake article was cited by several newspapers and organisations until the hoax was exposed in July 2022.

The actual development of the pop-up toaster was based on technologies and features invented between 1890 and 1920 by various people and companies.

Image editing
Image editing  encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs or edit illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch. The term "image editing" usually refers only to the editing of 2D images, not 3D ones.
Dubrovnik Summer Festival
The Dubrovnik Summer Festival (Croatian: Dubrovačke ljetne igre; [dubrɔʋatʃkɛ ʎɛtnɛ iɡrɛ]) is an annually-held summer festival instituted in 1950 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. It is held every year between 10 July and 25 August.

On more than 70 open-air venues of Renaissance-Baroque city of Dubrovnik a rich programme of classical music, theatre, opera and dance performances is presented.

Rector's Palace, Dubrovnik
The Rector's Palace (Croatian: Knežev dvor; Italian: Palazzo dei Rettori) is a palace in the city of Dubrovnik that used to serve as the seat of the Rector of the Republic of Ragusa between the 14th century and 1808. It was also the seat of the Minor Council and the state administration. Furthermore, it housed an armoury, the powder magazine, the watch house and a prison.
Tongfu Microelectronics
Tongfu Microelectronics (TFME; Chinese: 通富微电; pinyin: Tōngfù Wéidiàn) is a publicly listed Chinese semiconductor company headquartered in Nantong, Jiangsu.

It is one of the largest Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) companies in mainland China. It has a focus on developing advanced packaging for HPC, new energy, automotive electronics, and memory sectors.

Fujitsu
Fujitsu Limited (富士通株式会社, Fujitsū kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational information and communications technology equipment and services corporation, established in 1935 and headquartered in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. It is the world's sixth-largest IT services provider by annual revenue, and it is the largest in Japan as of 2021.

Fujitsu's hardware offerings mainly consist of personal and enterprise computing products, including x86, SPARC, and mainframe-compatible server products. The corporation and its subsidiaries also offer diverse products and services in data storage, telecommunications, advanced microelectronics, and air conditioning. It has approximately 124,000 employees supporting customers in over 50 countries and regions.

Fujitsu is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange; its Tokyo listing is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices.
Rockbeare
Rockbeare is a village and civil parish in the East Devon district of the county of Devon, England, located near Exeter Airport and the city of Exeter. "Whilst the name has nothing to do with either 'rocks' nor 'bears', it simply means 'rooks in the grove (of trees)'." "The parish comprises the hamlets of Marsh Green, Pithead, Allercombe, and Little Silver". The village, which is of small extent, is situated on the high road from Honiton to Exeter, and is an agricultural town. The land is nearly evenly divided between arable and pasture, with about 200 acres of common. According to the 2011 Census there were 431 males and 483 females living in the parish. "Rockbeare is written within the Broadclyst ward and electoral division, which is in the constituency of East Devon County Council".

Rockbeare has a grade II* listed church dedicated to St Mary with St Andrew, Rockbeare and a football club called Rockbeare Rangers FC. Rockbeare Manor is a grade I listed building.

Marsh Green, Devon
Marsh Green is a small rural community in East Devon, England. Following a protracted battle, planning permission for a 60,000-panel solar farm in Marsh Green was approved by the Planning Inspectorate in November 2023.
Mis Canciones Preferidas
Mis Canciones Preferidas is a compilation album by the Puerto Rican singer Yolandita Monge. It was released in 1986 and it includes selected hits from the studio albums Fantasía, Historia de Amour, Sueños, and Luz de Luna. No new songs or unreleased tracks appear here.

The album was reissued on CD again in 1992 and is currently out of print in all media formats.

Historia de Amour
Historia de Amour (History of Love) is Yolandita Monge's twelfth (12th) studio album and second with CBS Records (now Sony Music Latin). It follows the same formula of her previous release and includes the hits "Serás Mío", "Perdóname Otra Vez", "Que Te Hice", and "Sí".   Monge won the Buga Festival in Colombia for composing and performing the song "Sí".

The album was re-issued on CD format in 1992 and it is currently out of print in all media formats. Several hits songs appear in various compilations of the singer available as digital downloads at iTunes and Amazon.
Brubacher House
Brubacher House is a historic house museum located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It allows visitors to explore the everyday life of Pennsylvania German Mennonite settlers in Waterloo County from 1850 to 1890. The farmhouse is located on the traditional territory of the Attawandaron, Anishinaabeg, and Haudenosaunee Peoples.

Following its construction in 1850, the family of John E. Brubacher and Magdalena (Musselman) Brubacher resided in the home. In 1965, the University of Waterloo purchased Brubacher House. After substantial restorations, the farmhouse opened to the public as a museum in 1979.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Aartswoud
Aartswoud (West Frisian: Ierswoud) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland, part of the municipality of Opmeer. It lies about twelve kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Heerhugowaard.

Aartswoud has been inhabited since the Neolithic, and a church may have existed as early as 1395; the village still has a 16th-century church tower. Formerly a harbor settlement on the Zuiderzee, it became landlocked after the Wieringermeer was created. The village sits on the Westfriese Omringdijk, a dike completed in 1250 that protects an area of 800 km2 (310 sq mi), and is now an accesspoint for several nature reserves that reclaim the land, the landscape, the water levels, and the flora and fauna of the earlier West-Frisian countryside.

Heerhugowaard
Heerhugowaard (Dutch: [ˌɦeːrɦyɣoːˈʋaːrt] ⓘ; West Frisian Dutch: Heerhugoweard, Heregeweard or De Weard) is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West Friesland.

Heerhugowaard was previously a separate municipality, which merged with the former municipality of Langedijk into the new municipality of Dijk en Waard on 1 January 2022.
Lionel Blackburne
Lionel Edward Blackburne (2 November 1874–4 August 1951) was an Anglican priest in the  second quarter of the 20th century.

He was born 2 November 1874 and educated at Lancing College and Clare College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1890, he began his ecclesiastical career  with a curacies at All Saints, Leamington and St Martin Potternewton. After this he was Vicar of St Wilfrid’s, Bradford then Rural Dean of Portsmouth. From 1922 to 1936 he was Archdeacon of Surrey and from 1930 also Canon Residentiary at Guildford Cathedral. He was Dean of Ely  from 1936  to 1950. He died on 4 August 1951.His brother was Dean of Bristol and nephew Bishop of Thetford.

Dean of Ely
The position of Dean of Ely Cathedral, in East Anglia, England, in the Diocese of Ely  was created in 1541 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The first Dean of Ely had been the last Benedictine prior of Ely.
2010 WGC-CA Championship
The 2010 WGC-CA Championship was a golf tournament held March 11–14 at Doral Golf Resort & Spa in Doral, Florida, a suburb west of Miami. It was the eleventh WGC-CA Championship tournament, and the second of four World Golf Championships events staged in 2010.

The only players eligible to compete who did not enter were six-time champion Tiger Woods (on an indefinite break from golf) and Ryo Ishikawa (graduating from high school).

Ernie Els, the 2004 champion, won his second WGC title with a bogey-free 66 (−6) in the final round, four strokes ahead of runner-up Charl Schwartzel, the 54-hole co-leader with Els.

2004 WGC-American Express Championship
The 2004 WGC-American Express Championship was a golf tournament that was contested from 30 September to 3 October 2004 at Mount Juliet Golf Course in Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland. It was the fifth WGC-American Express Championship tournament and the third of three World Golf Championships events held in 2004.

Ernie Els won the tournament for his first of two WGC titles, which lifted him to second in the Official World Golf Ranking. Tiger Woods was the 2-time defending champion but finished in 9th place.