hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jewish hat
The Jewish hat, also known as the Jewish cap, Judenhut (German) or Latin pileus cornutus ("horned skullcap"), was generally a cone-shaped pointed hat, often white or yellow, worn by Jews in Medieval Europe. Initially worn by choice, its wearing was enforced in some places in Europe after the 1215 Fourth Council of the Lateran for adult male Jews to wear while outside a ghetto to distinguish them from others. Like the Phrygian cap that it often resembles, the hat may have originated in pre-Islamic Persia, as a similar hat was worn by Babylonian Jews.

Modern distinctive or characteristic Jewish forms of male headgear include the kippah (skullcap), shtreimel, spodik, kolpik, and kashkets; see also Hasidic clothing.

Kashket
A kashket (Yiddish: קאַשקעט, from Polish  kaszkiet and Ukrainian  кашкет; from French  casquette 'cap'; also known as a kashkettel or kasket) is a cap, usually made of felt, worn mainly by Hasidic Jewish children as an alternative to the kippah. It has a crown, a band and peak. From the beginning of the 20th century until World War II, many Russian Jews and Polish Jews wore this cap as part of their everyday dress.
Council Working Party
A Council working party or working party is a preparatory body of the Council of the European Union. The more than 150 working parties are tasked with the first examination of legislative proposals by the European Commission and play a role during the trilogue meetings which serve to shorten the legislative procedure of the European Union.

Working parties are made up of civil servants of the Member States, the European Commission and the General Secretariat of the Council and chaired by the Member State, which currently holds the rotating Council presidency.

Scholars argue that working parties informally make the majority of Council decisions.

Presidency of the Council of the European Union
The presidency of the Council of the European Union is responsible for the functioning of the Council of the European Union, which is the co-legislator of the EU legislature alongside the European Parliament. It rotates among the member states of the EU every six months. The presidency is not an individual, but rather the position is held by a national government. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "president of the European Union". The presidency's function is to chair meetings of the council, determine its agendas, set a work program and facilitate dialogue both at Council meetings and with other EU institutions. The presidency is currently, as of January 2026, held by Cyprus.

Three successive presidencies are known as presidency trios. The current trio is made up of Poland (January–June 2025), Denmark (July–December 2025), and Cyprus (January–June 2026). The 2020 German presidency began the second cycle of presidencies, after the system was introduced in 2007.
Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification
The men's qualification for the 2004 Olympic men's basketball tournament occurred from 2002–2003; all five FIBA (International Basketball Federation) zones sent in teams.

The first qualifying tournament was the 2002 FIBA World Championship in which the champion was guaranteed of a place in the Olympics. Throughout the next two years, several regional tournaments served as qualification for the zonal tournaments, which doubles as intercontinental championships, to determine which teams were to participate in the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics.

EuroBasket 2003
The 2003 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2003, was the 33rd FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as the Europe qualifier for the 2004 Summer Olympics, giving a berth to the top three teams in the final standings. It was held in Sweden between 5 September and 14 September 2003. Sixteen national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The cities of Borås, Luleå, Norrköping, Södertälje and Stockholm hosted the tournament. Lithuania won its third FIBA European title by defeating Spain with a 93–84 score in the final. Lithuania's Šarūnas Jasikevičius was voted the tournament's MVP.
Greenville, Illinois
Greenville is a city in Bond County, Illinois, United States, 51 miles (82 km) east of St. Louis. The population as of the 2020 census was 7,083, up from 7,000 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Bond County.

Greenville is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also considered part of the Metro East region of Illinois.

Greenville celebrated its Bicentennial in 2015 as one of the oldest communities in Illinois. It is home to Greenville University, the Richard Bock Museum, the American Farm Heritage Museum, the Armed Forces Museum and the Demoulin Museum and a federal prison, Federal Correctional Institution, Greenville (FCI Greenville). It is also home to internationally known companies, including Nevco Scoreboard, the largest privately owned scoreboard company in the world, and DeMoulin Brothers, the world's oldest and largest manufacturer of band uniforms.

Federal Correctional Institution, Greenville
The Federal Correctional Institution Greenville (FCI Greenville) is a medium-security United States federal prison for male offenders in Illinois, with an adjacent satellite prison camp for minimum-security female offenders.  It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.

FCI Greenville is located approximately 43 miles east of St. Louis, Missouri, and 63 miles from Springfield, Illinois.
2026–27 AFC Challenge League
The 2026–27 AFC Challenge League will be the 13th edition of the Asia's third-tier continental club football competition, organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the third under the AFC Challenge League title. The winner will automatically qualify for the 2027–28 AFC Champions League Two group stage, if they have not already qualified through their domestic performance.

AFC Challenge League
The AFC Challenge League (abbreviated as ACGL) is an annual third-tier continental club football competition organised by the Asian Football Confederation. The competition is played among clubs from nations that did not receive direct qualifying slots to the top-tier AFC Champions League Elite or the second-tier AFC Champions League Two, based on the AFC club competitions ranking.

The 2024–25 season marked its inaugural edition in the new format. The winner of the AFC Challenge League gets a direct spot in the group stage of the next season's AFC Champions League Two, if they have not already qualified through domestic performance.
Chartered organizations of Scouting America
All Scouting America units are owned and operated by chartered organizations. Of the 40,732 units (Scouts BSA troops, Cub Scout packs and Venturing crews)
and 1,496,790 youth members in 2010:

65% of all youth members are chartered to faith-based organizations

23.5% of all youth members are chartered to civic organizations

11.5% of all youth members are chartered to educational organizations

Each unit is chartered by a local branch of an organization, not at the national level. The following tables combine all chartering organizations that fall into a religious denomination or national organization.

The following table lists chartered organizations (originally divided into faith-based groups, civic groups, then educational groups) by number of registered youth:

This table gives more information about which type of units are sponsored by which Chartered Organizations, but is more out of date than total units/total youth table:

Cub Scouts (Scouting America)
Cub Scouts is a Scouting America program available to children from kindergarten through fifth grade (or 5 to 10 years of age) and their families. Its membership is the largest of the five main Scouting America divisions (Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Venturing, Exploring and Sea Scouting). Cub Scouts is part of the worldwide Scouting movement and aims to promote character development, citizenship training, personal fitness, and leadership. Cub Scouts are organized into local packs where they complete requirements to advance in rank as well as engage in pack events such as the Pinewood Derby.
Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)
Victor IV (born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli) (1095 – 20 April 1164) was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III. His election was supported by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. He took the name Victor IV, not acknowledging Antipope Victor IV of 1138, whose holding of the papal office was deemed illegitimate.

Siege of Crema
The siege of Crema was a siege of the town of Crema, Lombardy by the Holy Roman Empire from 2 July 1159 to 25 January 1160. The Cremaschi attempted to defend their city from the Germans, but were eventually defeated by Frederick Barbarossa's men. Frederick seized Milan in 1162, shortly after he took Crema. These events started the wars of Guelphs and Ghibellines, leading to the formation of the Lombard League, a league of northern Italian communes allied against the emperor, supported by the Pope.
Ōshima Subprefecture (Kagoshima)
Ōshima Subprefecture (大島支庁, Ōshima-shichō) is a subprefecture of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The subprefectural office is located in Amami.

It includes the following municipalities on the Amami Islands:

Ōshima Subprefecture
Amami (city on Amami Ōshima)
Tatsugō (town on Amami Ōshima)
Yamato (village on Amami Ōshima)

Setouchi Office
Uken (village on Amami Ōshima)
Setouchi (town on Amami Ōshima, Kakeromajima, Yoroshima, Ukejima, and others)

Kikai Office
Kikai (town on Kikaijima)

Tokunoshima Office
Tokunoshima (town on Tokunoshima)
Amagi (town on Tokunoshima)
Isen (town on Tokunoshima)

Okinoerabu Office
Wadomari (town on Okinoerabujima)
China (town on Okinoerabujima)
Yoron (town on Yoronjima)

Yamato, Kagoshima
Yamato (Japanese: 大和村, Hepburn: Yamato-son; Amami:Yamatho) is a village located on Amami Ōshima, in Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 1 October 2020, the village had an estimated population of 1,364 and a population density of 15.47 persons per km². The total area was 88.15 km².
Ministries of the Soviet Union
The Ministries of the Soviet Union (Russian: Министерства СССР) were the government ministries of the Soviet Union.

After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the previous bureaucratic apparatus of bourgeois ministers was replaced by People's Commissariats (Russian: народных комиссариатов; Narkom), staffed by new employees drawn from workers and peasants. On 15 March 1946 the people's commissariats were transformed into ministries. The name change had no practical effects, other than restoring a designation previously considered a leftover of the bourgeois era. The collapse of the ministry system was one of the main causes behind the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

State Committees were also subordinated to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union and had similar powers and rights.

People's Commissariat
A People's Commissariat (Russian: народный комиссариат, romanized: narodnyy komissariat; narkomat) was a structure in the Soviet state from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry. As a rule, a People's Commissariat was headed by a People's Commissar (Russian: народный комиссар; narkom), which was part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of the appropriate level.

Commissariats were created as central organs of state administration when the Soviet Union was established in the territory of the former Russian Empire.

The number of People's Commissariats changed in accordance with the requirements of the current moment; overall it increased due to the separation of existing ones and the formation of new ones.
RX871024
RX871024 is an experimental drug containing an imidazoline moiety, developed by Reckitt Benckiser. The development of RX871024 was discontinued in 1997. It is known for its potent ability to enhance insulin action. RX871024 stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through multiple mechanisms.

Imidazoline
Imidazoline is a heterocycle formally derived from imidazole by the reduction of one of the two double bonds. Three isomers are known, 2-imidazolines, 3-imidazolines, and 4-imidazolines. The 2- and 3-imidazolines contain an imine center, whereas the 4-imidazolines contain an alkene group. The 2-Imidazoline group occurs in several drugs.
1994 Comcast U.S. Indoor
The 1994 Comcast U.S. Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the Championship Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 27th edition of the tournament and was played at the Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States from February 14 to February 21, 1994. Third-seeded Michael Chang won the singles title.

U.S. Pro Indoor
The U.S. Professional Indoor Championships, also known as U.S. Pro Indoor, was a professional tennis  tournament founded in 1962 as the Philadelphia Invitational Indoor Tennis Championships.   The tournament was held in Philadelphia, United States from 1962 to 1998. It played on indoor carpet courts, and indoor hard courts. It was an ILTF sanctioned event from 1962 to 1967 and again in 1970, the World Championship Tennis (WCT) circuit in 1968, 1969 and from 1971 to 1977 and the Grand Prix Tour from 1978 to 1989 before being held on the ATP Tour. It was held annually first at the Spectrum, and then at the CoreStates Center. It was originally named the Philadelphia Indoor Open Tournament  prior to the open era.
History of the Uyghur people
The history of the Uyghur people extends over more than two millennia and can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.

In brief, Uyghur history is the story of a small nomadic tribe from the Altai Mountains competing with rival powers in Central Asia, including other Altaic tribes, Indo-European empires from the south and west, and Sino-Tibetan empires to the east. After the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in AD 840, ancient Uyghurs resettled from Mongolia to the Tarim Basin and northern parts of China. Ultimately, the Uyghurs became civil servants administering the Mongol Empire.

Yugurs
The Yugurs, Yughurs, Yugu (Chinese: 裕固族; pinyin: Yùgùzú; Western Yugur: Sarığ yoğır; Eastern Yugur: Shera yogor), traditionally known as Yellow Uyghurs, are a Turko-Mongol ethnic group and one of China's 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, consisting of 14,706 persons, according to the 2020 census. The Yugur live primarily in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in Gansu. They are mostly Tibetan Buddhists. The majority of Yugurs speak a Turkic language, while Mongolic and Chinese are also used in eastern provinces.
Blublu, São Tomé and Príncipe
Blublu is a small village on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 19 (2012 census). It lies 0.7 km southeast of Bobo Forro and 3 km southwest of the city centre of the capital São Tomé.

Bobo Forro
Bobo Forro is a village in the north-eastern part of São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe, part of Mé-Zóchi District. Its population is 715 (2012 census). It lies 3 km southwest of the city centre of the capital São Tomé, and 4 km northeast of Trindade. The adjacent village in the Água Grande District is also called Bobo Forro.
Erasmus Richardson
Erasmus Darwin Richardson (November 26, 1810 – January 2, 1892) was an American banker in Geneva, Wisconsin, who served as a member of the 1st Wisconsin Legislature in the Wisconsin State Assembly, as well as holding various local offices.

Walworth County, Wisconsin
Walworth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,478. Its county seat is Elkhorn. The county was created in 1836 from Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1839. It is named for Reuben H. Walworth. Walworth County comprises the Whitewater-Elkhorn, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area. The University of Wisconsin-Whitewater is located in Walworth County.

Walworth County features several major tourist destinations: Lake Geneva, Alpine Valley Resort, and Alpine Valley Music Theatre. Tourism is a large contributor to Walworth County's economy. It is Wisconsin's fifteenth largest county in population, but it is the sixth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (nearly $1 billion in 2023).
Danielle McGuire
Danielle McGuire (born 1973) is a member of the Melbourne criminal underworld best known as the former girlfriend of Australian drug lord Tony Mokbel. Before her relationship with Mokbel, McGuire had an affair with drug dealer Mark Moran.

McGuire saw the opportunities that lay in supplying ecstasy and amphetamine tablets to young club patrons, and as early as 1997 was importing them to Australia. She later went on to pressing her own, an operation that was later picked up on by the likes of Mokbel, Moran and Carl Williams who created drug empires off the back of pill production, distribution and sales.

In March 2012, McGuire was the victim of an assault by an unidentified assailant.

Mark Moran (criminal)
Mark Anthony John Moran (né Cole, 4 July 1964 – 15 June 2000) was an Australian organized crime figure of the Moran family from Melbourne, Victoria, notable for its involvement in the illegal drug trade and the Melbourne gangland killings. Moran, aged 35, was shot dead outside his Aberfeldie home, allegedly by Carl Williams, just after 8 pm on 15 June 2000.
2012 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 2012 United States Senate election in Virginia took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the 2012 U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Jim Webb retired instead of running for reelection to a second term, and former Democratic governor of Virginia Tim Kaine won the open seat over Republican former senator and governor George Allen. Kaine was unopposed for the Democratic nomination, and the Republicans nominated Allen through a primary on June 12, 2012.  Allen had previously held this seat for one term before narrowly losing reelection to Webb in 2006. This was the first open seat held at this seat since 1988.

2006 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 2006 United States Senate election in Virginia was held November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Senator George Allen ran for reelection to a second term but was narrowly defeated by former Secretary of the Navy Jim Webb, who earned 49.6% of the vote to Allen's 49.2%. With a margin of just 0.4%, this election was the closest race of the 2006 Senate election cycle. This was the second consecutive election for this seat where the incumbent lost re-election. Allen later unsuccessfully ran for this seat again in 2012 when Webb did not seek re-election. This is the last time a Senator from Virginia lost re-election.
Hillal Soudani
El Arabi Hilal Soudani (Arabic: العربي هلال سوداني; born 25 November 1987) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Slovenian PrvaLiga club Maribor.

Soudani made his international debut for Algeria in 2010, and featured at the 2013, 2015 and 2017 editions of the Africa Cup of Nations, as well as the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Overall, he won 56 international caps and scored 24 goals, making him Algeria's eight highest goalscorer.

2011 African Nations Championship
The 2011 African Nations Championship was the second edition of the African Nations Championship tournament. Each participating nation was represented mostly  by players who play in their respective local divisions. The competition was hosted in Sudan from February 4 to 25, 2011.  Tunisia won their first title by defeating  Angola in the  final 3–0.
Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
Belgium was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Before the Party's Over", written by Arianna Damato, Benoit Leclercq, Charlotte Clark, Nina Sampermans, Pierre Dumoulin, and Thomas Mustin, and performed by Mustin himself under his stage name Mustii. The Belgian participating broadcaster, Walloon Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF), internally selected the Belgian entry for the contest.

Belgium was drawn to compete in the second semi-final, which took place on 9 May 2024. Performing during the show in position 12, Belgium was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore failed to qualify to compete in the final on 11 May. It was later revealed that Belgium placed 13th out of the 16 participating countries in the semi-final with 18 points.

VRT (broadcaster)
The Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie ("Flemish Radio and Television broadcasting organisation"), shortened to VRT (Dutch: [ˌveːjɛrˈteː]), is one of the national public service broadcasters for the Flemish Community of Belgium. Its counterpart in the French Community is the French-language RTBF (Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française), and in the German-speaking Community it is BRF (Belgischer Rundfunk).

The VRT operates six television channels (VRT 1, VRT Canvas, Ketnet, Sporza, VRT NWS and VRT MAX) together with a number of radio channels, including Radio 1, Radio 2, Klara, Studio Brussel, and MNM.
Pfs:Write
pfs:Write is a word processor released by Software Publishing Corporation (SPC) in 1983 for IBM PC compatibles running MS-DOS and the Apple II. It includes the features common to most word processors of the day, including word wrapping, spell checking, copy and paste, underlining, and boldfacing, with a few advanced features, such as mail merge and some others.  The software was easier to learn and to use than more expensive software with more features such as  WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, and XyWrite.

XyWrite
XyWrite is a word processor for MS-DOS and Windows modeled on the mainframe-based ATEX typesetting system. Popular with writers and editors for its speed and degree of customization, XyWrite was in its heyday the house word processor in many editorial offices, including the New York Times from 1989 to 1993. XyWrite was developed by David Erickson and marketed by XyQuest from 1982 through 1992, after which it was acquired by The Technology Group. The final version for MS-DOS was 4.18 (1993); for Windows, 4.13.