hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matroid girth
In matroid theory, a mathematical discipline, the girth of a matroid is the size of its smallest circuit or dependent set. The cogirth of a matroid is the girth of its dual matroid. Matroid girth generalizes the notion of the shortest cycle in a graph, the edge connectivity of a graph, Hall sets in bipartite graphs, even sets in families of sets, and general position of point sets. It is hard to compute, but fixed-parameter tractable for linear matroids when parameterized both by the matroid rank and the field size of a linear representation.

Matroid representation
In the mathematical theory of matroids, a matroid representation is a family of vectors whose linear independence relation is the same as that of a given matroid. Matroid representations are analogous to group representations; both types of representation provide abstract algebraic structures (matroids and groups respectively) with concrete descriptions in terms of linear algebra.

A linear matroid is a matroid that has a representation, and an F-linear matroid (for a field F) is a matroid that has a representation using a vector space over F. Matroid representation theory studies the existence of representations and the properties of linear matroids.
Cycas micronesica
Cycas micronesica is a species of cycad found on the island of Yap in Micronesia, the Mariana islands of Guam and Rota, and The Republic of Palau. It is commonly known as federico nut or fadang in Chamorro. The species, previously lumped with Cycas rumphii and Cycas circinalis, was described as a unique species in 1994 by Ken Hill. Paleoecological studies have determined that Cycas micronesica has been present on the island of Guam for about 9,000 years. It has been implicated as a factor in Lytico-Bodig disease, a condition similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), due to the presence of the neurotoxin BMAA found in its seeds.  Seeds were a traditional food source on Guam until the 1960s. The neurotoxin is present due to a symbiosis with cyanobacteria.

Cycas rumphii
Cycas rumphii, commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus Cycas native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a palm.
Attalis
Attalis (Ancient Greek: Ἀτταλίς) was a tribe (phyle) added by the ancient Athenians to the previous list of 11 Athenian tribes in the spring of 200 B.C. just a few months after the "Macedonian" tribes Antigonis and Demetrias were dissolved. The tribe was named after Attalos I, King of Pergamon, on occasion of his visit to Athens.

The Monument of the Eponymous Heroes had two statues (of the Macedonian kings Antigonos I and Demetrios I) removed and one, for Attalos, added, starting the so-called Period IV.

The Athenians placed the phyle on the 12th and last place of their list (three centuries later they were moved to the 13th place with introduction of Adrianis), but modern researchers use the Roman numeral XIV to designate Attalis.

The 12 demes that formed Attalis were collected from all 11 existing tribes ("rule-of-one"), with the twelfth, Apollonieis, newly created and named after Apollonis of Cyzicus, wife of Attalos I.

Adrianis
Adrianis (also Hadrianis, Ancient Greek: Ἀδριανίς) was a tribe (phyle) added by the ancient Athenians to the previous list of 12 tribes in 126−127 AD. The tribe was named after the Roman emperor Hadrian. Hadrian first visited Athens in the fall of 125 AD, with the Athenians considering him as their savior. The emperor liked the city and stayed until spring, with his largesse helping to build some of the most interesting buildings of Athens, including the Temple of Olympian Zeus. Athens truly worshipped Hadrian.

Hadrian's statue was added to the Monument of the Eponymous Heroes, starting the so-called Period V.

While Athenians added the new tribe to their list at seventh place, modern researchers use the Roman numeral XV to designate Adrianis.

The 12 out of 13 demes that formed Adrianis were collected from all 12 old phylai ("rule-of-one"), with the 13th, Antinoeis, newly created and named after Antinous, Hadrian's favorite.
New College, St Andrews
New College is a planned new college of the University of St Andrews first announced in 2022. It will be the fourth college at the university, after United College, St Mary's College and St Leonard's College. It will house the newly established St Andrews Business School, formed from the Schools of economics and finance, and management, alongside the School of International Relations. The college will be located on the former site of Madras College, which the university acquired in 2021 and is centred on the Grade A-listed main building.

It is expected to cost £142 million, and will be funded primarily through philanthropy from alumni and private donors as part of the University's 'Making Waves' campaign. The architectural firm WilkinsonEyre were appointed to design the project.

United College, St Andrews
The United College of St Salvator and St Leonard (commonly referred to as United College) is one of the two statutory colleges of the University of St Andrews in St Andrews, Scotland.  It was founded in 1747 by the merging of St Salvator's College and St Leonard's College when the university was in decline.

The college encompasses the Faculties of Arts, Medicine and Science.

The college no longer functions as an administrative body and its use is purely formal.  The other statutory college of the university is St Mary's College which encompasses the university's Faculty of Divinity. A third college, St Leonard's College, was re-established in 1972 as a non-statutory college, which encompasses postgraduate and postdoctoral students.
Soft Eyes
"Soft Eyes" is the second episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire. Written by David Mills from a story by Ed Burns & David Mills, and directed by Christine Moore, it originally aired on September 17, 2006.

Jay Landsman (The Wire)
Jay Landsman is a semi-fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire based upon the real life Baltimore City police officer Jay Landsman.  The fictional character of Jay Landsman is portrayed by actor Delaney Williams.
1980 Caithness District Council election
Elections to the Caithness District Council took place in May 1980, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's other districts.

Every single seat went uncontested.  The Labour and Liberal parties won their first seats on the council.

1980 Scottish local elections
Elections for the Scottish district councils were held in 1980.

These were the third elections held to the 53 district councils established by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The previous elections had been held in 1977. The elections took place a year after the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher had come to power. The local elections, which also took place in England and Wales, were seen as the first electoral test of the Thatcher ministry.
Transition metal nitrite complex
In organometallic chemistry, transition metal complexes of nitrite describes families of coordination complexes containing one or more nitrite (−NO2) ligands. Although the synthetic derivatives are only of scholarly interest, metal-nitrite complexes occur in several enzymes that participate in the nitrogen cycle.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Judiciary of Croatia
The judiciary of Croatia is a branch of the Government of Croatia that interprets and applies the laws of Croatia, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Croatia is a civil law system, historically influenced by Austrian, Hungarian and Yugoslav law, but during the accession of Croatia to the European Union, the legal system was almost completely harmonised with European Union law. The Constitution of Croatia provides for an independent judiciary, led by a Supreme Court and a Constitutional Court. The Ministry of Justice handles the administration of courts and judiciary, including paying salaries and constructing new courthouses. It also administers the prison system.

State Judicial Council (Croatia)
The State Judicial Council or DSV (Croatian: Državno sudbeno vijeće) is the national council of the judiciary of Croatia. It ensures the autonomy and independence of the judicial branch in the Republic of Croatia by autonomously deciding on the appointment, promotion, transfer, dismissal and disciplinary accountability of judges and presiding judges.
Treet
Treet (Armour Star Treet) is a canned lunch meat product similar to Spam first introduced in 1939 by Armour and Company in the United States.  Sold as  "spiced luncheon loaf", it is made with chicken and pork and has a more finely ground texture than Spam, more akin to bologna or vienna sausages.  Like Spam, it is often fried or baked before consumption. Treet is currently manufactured by Pinnacle Foods.

Vienna sausage
Vienna sausage (German: Wiener Würstchen, Wiener; Viennese/Austrian German: Frankfurter Würstel or Würstl; Swiss German: Wienerli; Swabian: Wienerle or Saitenwurst) is a thin parboiled sausage traditionally made of pork and beef in a casing of sheep's intestine, then given a low-temperature smoking. The word Wiener is German for 'Viennese'. In Austria, the term Wiener is uncommon for this food item, which instead is usually called Frankfurter Würstl.
Coastal defences of Australia during World War II
The following is a list of Coastal Batteries in Australia and Territories during World War II. The main threat came early in the war from German raiders and threat of Japanese raids or invasion, and hence all available ordnance was pressed into service, including some obsolete guns and field guns adapted for coast defence.

BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun
The BL 9.2-inch Mk IX and Mk X guns were British breech loading 9.2-inch (234 mm) guns of 46.7 calibre, in service from 1899 to the 1950s as naval and coast defence guns. They had possibly the longest, most varied and successful service history of any British heavy ordnance.
Giv'at Halfon Eina Ona
Giv'at Halfon Eina Ona (Hebrew: גבעת חלפון אינה עונה, lit. 'Halfon Hill Doesn't Answer'), also titled Giv'at Halfon, is a cult Israeli comedy film released on September 27, 1976. It is a good-hearted satire of the Israel Defense Forces, which tells the story of a reserve company guarding the Egyptian border at the Sinai Peninsula. While initially received negatively by critics, it has since become one of the most influential Israeli films in the history of Israeli cinema.

The name of the film is a parody of the name of the Israeli patriotic film Giv'a 24 Eina Ona (Hill 24 Doesn't Answer).

The film was directed and co-written by Assi Dayan and stars members of HaGashash HaHiver: Shaike Levi, Yisrael Poliakov, and Gavri Banai.

Loader (equipment)
A loader is a heavy equipment machine used in construction to move or load materials such as soil, rock, sand, demolition debris, etc. into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper, or railroad car).

There are many types of loader, which, depending on design and application, are variously called a  bucket loader, end loader, front loader, front-end loader, payloader, high lift, scoop, shovel dozer, skid-steer, tractor loader or wheel loader.
Hamlet (1964 film)
Hamlet (Russian: Гамлет, romanized: Gamlet) is a 1964 film adaptation in Russian of William Shakespeare's play of the same title, based on a translation by Boris Pasternak. It was directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Iosif Shapiro, and stars Innokenty Smoktunovsky as Prince Hamlet.

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
The BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role is an award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). It has been awarded since the 6th British Academy Film Awards to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a film. From 1952 to 1967, there were two Best Actor awards: one for a British actor and another for a foreign actor. In 1968, the two prizes of British and Foreign actor were combined to create a single Best Actor award. Its current title, for Best Actor in a Leading Role, has been used since 1995.

Peter Finch has the most wins in the category with five. The most recent winner of the award is Robert Aramayo for I Swear (2025).
Michael Regan (Australian politician)
Michael John Regan (born 1973) is an Australian politician who has been the member for Wakehurst in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2023.

He was previously the Mayor of Warringah Council from 13 September 2008 until May 2016 following its amalgamation into the Northern Beaches Council. In September 2017, Regan was elected as the first Mayor of Northern Beaches Council, holding office until May 2023. His seat of Wakehurst covers a large portion of the area of Northern Beaches Council.

Manly Council
Manly Council was a local government area on the northern beaches region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, first incorporated in 1877.
On 12 May 2016, the Minister for Local Government announced that Manly Council would be subsumed into the newly formed Northern Beaches Council. The last mayor of Manly Council was Cr. Jean Hay AM, a member of the Liberal Party.
Torpedo Billy Murphy
Thomas William Murphy (3 November 1863 – 26 July 1939) was a New Zealand boxer. An early World Featherweight Champion, he was the first world champion of any weightclass to come from New Zealand. In his early career, he took the New Zealand Lightweight Championship.

He was a prolific boxer who fought more than two hundred fights, with a few going as long as thirty and forty rounds.  He was known more for a powerful punch than an exceptional defense.

George Dixon (boxer)
George Dixon (July 29, 1870 – January 6, 1908) was a Canadian professional boxer. After winning the bantamweight title in 1890, he became the first ever black athlete to win a world championship in any sport; he was also the first Canadian-born boxing champion. Ring Magazine founder Nat Fleischer ranked Dixon as the #1 featherweight of all time. He was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1955, the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame in 1956 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame as a first-class inductee in 1990. In 2018 he was named one of the greatest 15 athletes in Nova Scotia's history, ranking sixth.
Single-board microcontroller
A single-board microcontroller is a microcontroller built onto a single printed circuit board. This board provides all of the circuitry necessary for a useful control task: a microprocessor, I/O circuits, a clock generator, RAM, stored program memory and any necessary support ICs.  The intention is that the board is immediately useful to an application developer, without requiring them to spend time and effort to develop controller hardware.

As they are usually low-cost, and have an especially low capital cost for development, single-board microcontrollers have long been popular in education. They are also a popular means for developers to gain hands-on experience with a new processor family.

Intel 8255
The Intel 8255 (or i8255) Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) chip was developed and manufactured by Intel in the first half of the 1970s for the Intel 8080 microprocessor. The 8255 provides 24 parallel input/output lines with a variety of programmable operating modes.

The 8255 is a member of the MCS-85 family of chips, designed by Intel for use with their 8085 and 8086 microprocessors and their descendants. It was first available in a 40-pin DIP and later a 44-pin PLCC packages. It found wide applicability in digital processing systems and was later cloned by other manufacturers. The 82C55 is a CMOS version for higher speed and lower current consumption.

The functionality of the 8255 is now mostly embedded in larger VLSI processing chips as a sub-function. A CMOS version of the 8255 is still being made by Renesas but mostly used to expand the I/O of microcontrollers.
Kosh Bhanjyang
Kosh Bhanjyang (Nepali: कोष भञ्ज्याङ)  is a market settlement located on a hilly pass between Katunje and Mulkharka of Okhaldhunga District. Under present local level structure it is located between Ward No 5 and 9 of Sunkoshi Rural Municipality, Okhaldhunga District.

Sunkoshi Rural Municipality, Okhaldhunga
Sunkoshi Rural Municipality (Nepali: सुनकोशी गाउँपालिका)  in Okhaldhunga District was formed in March 2017, by merging 5 former VDCs of Katunje, Chyanam, Mulkharka, Sisneri and Balakhu. The center of this rural municipality is located at Mulkharka.
Karwei
Karwei is a Dutch Hardware store-chain. In 1991 Karwei Holland Nationaal B.V. became part of the franchise-organisation Intergamma, which headquarters is located in Leusden. As of 2019 Karwei has 136 stores, all of which are located in the Netherlands. Intergamma also owns the Home Improvement Centre chain Gamma.
The first store opened at May 14, 1975 in Utrecht.

In 2008 Karwei had a revenue of 392 million euro.

Leusden
Leusden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈløːzdə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It is located about 3 kilometres southeast of Amersfoort.

The western part of the municipality lies on the slopes of the Utrecht Hill Ridge and is largely covered by forest and heathlands. The eastern parts lie in the Gelderse Valley and are mostly agricultural.

Former Amersfoort concentration camp lies just within the northern municipal border with Amersfoort.
Noto Kokubun-ji
The Noto Kokubun-ji (能登国分寺) was a Buddhist temple located in what is now the city of Nanao, Ishikawa, Japan. It was one of the provincial temples per the system established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising imperial rule over the provinces. The temple no longer exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 1974.

Nanao, Ishikawa
Nanao (七尾市, Nanao-shi) is a city located in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the city had an estimated population of 49,660 people in 21,809 households. The total area of the city was 318.32 square kilometres (122.90 sq mi). Nanao is the fifth largest city by population in Ishikawa, behind Kanazawa, Hakusan, Komatsu, and Kaga.
KK Pirot
Košarkaški klub Pirot (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Пирот), commonly referred to as KK Pirot, is a men's professional basketball club based in Pirot, Serbia. They are currently competing in the Second League of Serbia.

Pirot
Pirot (Serbian Cyrillic: Пирот) is a city and the administrative center of the Pirot District in southeastern Serbia. According to 2022 census, the urban area of the city has a population of 34,942, while the population of the city administrative area has 49,601 inhabitants.

The city has rich geographical features, including the mountains of Stara Planina, Vlaška Planina, Belava, Suva Planina; rivers which flow through the town, including Nišava, Jerma, Rasnička Reka, Temštica and the Visočica; and four lakes, the Zavoj Lake, Berovacko Lake, Krupac Lake and Sukovo Lake.

It also has a rich culture, with notable Orthodox church buildings, including the Church of St. Petka, and the monastery of St. Georges and St. John the Theologian from the late 14th century, both of which display an example of medieval architecture. Pirot is known for its traditional woven carpet, the Pirot carpet (Pirot ćilim).
Redcar Bulk Terminal
Redcar Bulk Terminal (RBT), also known as Redcar Ore Terminal, is a privately run dock at the mouth of the Tees Estuary in North Yorkshire, England. The port is used for the transhipment of coal and coke (both inward and outward flows) and for many years was the import dock for iron ore destined for Redcar Steelworks under British Steel Corporation, British Steel plc, Corus, Tata Steel Europe and Sahaviriya Steel Industries (SSI UK).

The port is not part of the Teesport estate run by PD Ports but is instead owned by SSI UK (in liquidation). It is one of only four UK ports capable of handling Capesize vessels.

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a latent hydraulic binder forming calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) after contact with water. It is a strength-enhancing compound improving the durability of concrete. It is a component of metallurgic cement (CEM III in the European norm EN 197). Its main advantage is its slow release of hydration heat, allowing limitation of the temperature increase in massive concrete components and structures during cement setting and concrete curing, or to cast concrete during hot summer.
Marcon, Veneto
Marcon is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Venice, the region of Veneto, northern Italy.

It contains the hamlets of Gaggio and San Liberale. It is bordered by Mogliano Veneto, Quarto d'Altino, and Venice.

Quarto d'Altino
Quarto d'Altino is a town in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Veneto, Italy.

The name "Quarto D'Altino" is composed by the prefix "Quarto" because the town was a quarter of a mile from the Roman city Altinum.
Álvaro Negredo
Álvaro Negredo Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalβaɾo neˈɣɾeðo ˈsantʃeθ]; born 20 August 1985) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Nicknamed La fiera de Vallecas (The beast of Vallecas), he amassed totals of 361 matches and 128 goals over 12 La Liga seasons, for Almería, Sevilla, Valencia and Cádiz, while winning the Copa del Rey with the second of those teams in 2010. Abroad, he played in the Premier League for Manchester City – lifting the league and League Cup in 2014 – and Middlesbrough, as well as representing Beşiktaş in Turkey and Al-Nasr in the United Arab Emirates.

Negredo earned 21 caps for Spain, scoring ten goals and being part of the team that won Euro 2012.

2013–14 Football League Cup
The 2013–14 Football League Cup (known as the Capital One Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 54th season of the Football League Cup, a knock-out competition for the top 92 football clubs played in English football league system. Swansea City were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Birmingham City in the 3rd round.

Numbers within brackets represented a team's league level in the 2013–14 season, level 1 being the Premier League, level 2 the Championship, and so on.

On 16 December 2013, it was announced that goal-line technology would be used in three of the four quarter-finals and any subsequent matches in the Capital One Cup. The system was used the very next day, in the Sunderland – Chelsea quarter-final, in which an own-goal from Lee Cattermole was allowed.

The cup was won by Manchester City who defeated Sunderland 3–1 in the final. This was their first League Cup trophy since 1976 and their third win overall.