hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patricia Cornwell
Patricia Cornwell (born Patricia Carroll Daniels; June 9, 1956) is an American crime writer. She is known for her best-selling novels featuring medical examiner Kay Scarpetta, of which the first was inspired by a series of sensational murders in Richmond, Virginia, where most of the stories are set. The plots are notable for their emphasis on forensic science, which has influenced later TV treatments of police work. Cornwell has also accused Walter Sickert of carrying out the Jack the Ripper killings; Sickert is not considered a serious suspect by most who study the case, and strong evidence shows he spent most of 1888 outside the UK and was in France at the time of most of the Ripper murders. Her books have sold more than 120 million copies.

CWA New Blood Dagger
The CWA New Blood Dagger is an annual award given by the British Crime Writers' Association (CWA) for first books by previously unpublished writers. It is given in memory of CWA founder John Creasey and was previously known as the John Creasey Memorial Award.

Publisher Chivers Press was the sponsor from the award's introduction in 1973 to 2002. BBC Audiobooks was the sponsor in 2003.
2021–22 Mercyhurst Lakers men's ice hockey season
The 2021–22 Mercyhurst Lakers men's ice hockey season was the 35th season of play for the program, the 23rd at the Division I level, and the 19th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference. The Lakers represented Mercyhurst University and were coached by Rick Gotkin, in his 34th season.

Rick Gotkin
Rick Gotkin (born November 7, 1959), also known as Richard Leonardo, is an American ice hockey head coach and former player. He is currently the head coach of the Mercyhurst Lakers men's ice hockey team, a position he has held since 1988.
Battle of Sitka
The Battle of Sitka (Russian: Сражение при Ситке) in 1804 was the last major armed conflict between the Russians and Alaska Natives, and was initiated in response to the destruction of a Russian trading post two years before. The primary combatant groups were the Kiks.ádi ("Ones of Kíks", Frog/Raven) clan of Sheetʼká Xʼáatʼi (Baranof Island) of the Tlingit nation and agents of the Russian-American Company assisted by the Imperial Russian Navy.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
HD 54893
HD 54893, often called A Puppis is a suspected variable star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude is 4.83 and is approximately 860 light years away based on parallax.

With a mass over six times that of the Sun, HD 54893 is a hot luminous star with an effective temperature of about 16,000 K and a bolometric luminosity of 2,400 L☉.  The spectral class of B2IV/V suggest it is on the border between the main sequence and the subgiant branch.  Evolutionary models show it is towards the end of the main sequence at an age of about 22 million years.

In a 1971 paper, HD 54893 is mentioned as being a confirmed β Cephei variable, but with no explanation of when it was discovered.  A 1971 thesis dedicated to β Cephei variables only mentions HD 54893 as a non-variable early B star.  In a 1977 search for β Cephei stars, it is listed as possibly being variable.  It is catalogued as a suspected variable star, but not confirmed.

Puppis
Puppis ("stern") is a constellation in the southern sky. It was originally part of the traditional constellation of Argo Navis (Argo is the ship of Jason and the Argonauts), which was divided into three parts, the other two being Carina (the keel and hull), and Vela (the sails). Puppis is the largest of the three constellations in square degrees. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Bishop McDevitt High School (Wyncote, Pennsylvania)
Bishop McDevitt High School was a private, comprehensive, co-educational Roman Catholic high school in the Wyncote community in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It was located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.

Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (also referred to as the Middle States Association or MSA) is an accreditor in the United States. Historically, it has accredited schools in the Mid-Atlantic states region of the Northeastern United States. The peer-based, Philadelphia-based non-profit association was founded in 1887. It is a voluntary organization that performs peer evaluation and regional accreditation of public and private schools (including parochial / religious-owned and independent secular schools).

The association has two commissions, the Middle States Commission on Elementary Schools (MSCES) and Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools (MSCSS). A higher education commission, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), operates completely independently of the other two commissions. MSCSS also accredits some institutions that offer postsecondary education but only those that do not confer academic degrees or offer technical programs.
Speedway World Championship Competitions
There are annual world championship events in the sport of motorcycle speedway for individual riders - the Speedway Grand Prix - and for national teams - the Speedway World Cup. Each has a counterpart for riders under 21: the Speedway World Under 21 Championship and the Team Speedway Junior World Championship. A pairs event, the Speedway World Pairs Championship, ran until 1993.

In addition there are two Ice Speedway World Championships for individuals and teams. The first Ice World Championships were held in 1966.

Another form of speedway on larger tracks takes place called Longtrack and there is a World Championship called the Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship. Since 1998 it has been a combination of grasstrack and longtrack

Speedway Grand Prix
Speedway Grand Prix are a series of stand-alone motorcycle speedway events over the course of a season used to determine the Speedway World Champion. The series started in 1995 replacing the previous format of a single event final. The first winner was Hans Nielsen of Denmark.
Geography of Romania
With an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi), Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe. It is a country located at the crossroads of Eastern and Southeast Europe. It is bordered on the Black Sea, the country is halfway between the equator and the North Pole and equidistant from the westernmost part of Europe—the Atlantic Coast—and the most easterly—the Ural Mountains. Romania has 3,195 kilometres (1,985 mi) of border. Moldova and Ukraine lie to the east, Bulgaria to the south, and Serbia and Hungary to the west by the Pannonian Plain. In the southeast, 245 kilometres (152 mi) of sea coastline provide an important outlet to the Black Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Negoiu Peak
Negoiu Peak (Romanian: Vârful Negoiu pronounced [neˈɡoju]; Hungarian: Negoj-csúcs) is a mountain peak in the Făgăraș Mountains of the Southern Carpathians, located in Sibiu County, Romania, with an elevation of 2,535 m (8,317 ft). It is the second highest peak in Romania after the 2,544 m (8,346 ft) Moldoveanu Peak.
Roadway air dispersion modeling
Roadway air dispersion modeling is the study of air pollutant transport from a roadway or other linear emitter. Computer models  are required to conduct this analysis, because of the complex variables involved, including vehicle emissions, vehicle speed, meteorology, and terrain geometry.  Line source dispersion has been studied since at least the 1960s, when the regulatory framework in the United States began requiring quantitative analysis of the air pollution consequences of major roadway and airport projects.  By the early 1970s this subset of atmospheric dispersion models was being applied to real-world cases of highway planning, even including some controversial court cases.

Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume.

It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include crankcase blow-by and evaporation of unused gasoline.

Air pollution from burning fossil fuels is estimated to kill over 5 million people each year. Motor vehicle emissions are a common source of air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog in some large cities.
Parthenogenesis in amphibians
Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction where eggs develop without fertilization, resulting in unisexual species. This phenomenon is closely related with reproductive modes such as hybridogenesis, where fertilization occurs, but the paternal DNA is not passed on. Among amphibians, it is seen in numerous frog and salamander species, but has not been recorded in caecilians.

Small-mouth salamander
The small-mouth salamander (Ambystoma texanum) is a species of mole salamander found in the central United States, from the Great Lakes region in Michigan to Nebraska, south to Texas, and east to Tennessee, with a population in Canada, in Pelee, Ontario. It is sometimes referred to as the Texas salamander, porphyry salamander, or the narrow-mouthed salamander. The Kelley's Island salamander (Ambystoma nothagenes) was synonymized with A. texanum in 1995.
Economic history of Turkey
The economic history of the modern Republic of Turkey has four eras. The first era's development policy was defined by the transition from an agricultural imperial Ottoman economy into a diversified more industrialized economy. It emphasized on private accumulation between 1923 and 1929. The second era's focus was state accumulation in a period of global crises between 1929 and 1945. The third era focused on state-guided industrialization based on import-substituting protectionism between 1950 and 1980. The final era was the opening of the economy to liberal trade in goods, services, and financial market transactions since 1981.

Since 2018 the Turkish economy has been in a state of crisis. The Middle East institute has raised the possibility that Turkey is currently in a new economic era under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. This era is defined by reduced institutional financial independence, negative foreign exchange deficits, and political interference.

Statism
In political science, statism or etatism (from French, état 'state') is the doctrine that the political authority of the state is legitimate to some degree. This may include economic and social policy, especially in regard to taxation and the means of production.

While in use since the 1850s, the term statism gained significant usage in American political discourse throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Opposition to statism is termed anti-statism or anarchism. The latter is usually characterized by a complete rejection of all hierarchical rulership.
Leaf fiber
Leaf fibers or hard fibers are a type of plant fiber mainly used for cordage (producing rope). They are the toughest of the plant fibers which is most likely due to their increased lignin content when compared to the other groups of plant fibers. They are typically characterized as being very tough and rigid lending them towards being used in rope production over clothing or paper like other plant fibers.

Leaf fibers can be found in the vascular bundles of plant leaves and therefore consist of both phloem and xylem tissues and any other vascular sheathing tissues (for example sclerenchyma cells). More specifically, leaf fibers are typically found in monocotyledonous leaves.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
Lucius Caesennius Sospes
Lucius Caesennius Sospes was a Roman senator of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Through his mother, Flavia Sabina, a cousin of the Roman emperors Titus and Domitian, his connections enabled him to hold a series of civil and military imperial appointments. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of May to August 114 as the colleague of Gaius Clodius Nummus. Sopses is known primarily from an inscription found in Pisidian Antioch.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
XLIFF
XLIFF (XML Localization Interchange File Format) is an XML-based bitext format created to standardize the way localizable data are passed between and among tools during a localization process and a common format for CAT tool exchange. The XLIFF Technical Committee (TC) first convened at OASIS in December 2001 (first meeting in January 2002), but the first fully ratified version of XLIFF appeared as XLIFF Version 1.2 in February 2008. Its current specification is v2.2 released on 2025-03-13, which is backwards compatible with v2.1 released on 2018-02-13.

The specification is aimed at the localization industry. It specifies elements and attributes to store content extracted from various original file formats and its corresponding translation. The goal was to abstract the localization skills from the engineering skills related to specific formats such as HTML.

XLIFF is part of the Open Architecture for XML Authoring and Localization (OAXAL) reference architecture.

Internationalization and localization
In computing, internationalization and localization (American) or internationalisation and localisation (Commonwealth), often abbreviated i18n and l10n respectively, are means of adapting to different languages, regional peculiarities and technical requirements of a target locale.

Internationalization is the process of designing a software application so that it can be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. Localization is the process of adapting internationalized software for a specific region or language by translating text and adding locale-specific components.

Localization (which is potentially performed multiple times, for different locales) uses the infrastructure or flexibility provided by internationalization (which is ideally performed only once before localization, or as an integral part of ongoing development).
Lopashchyne
Lopashchyne (Ukrainian: Лопащине), formerly Lopaskyne (Ukrainian: Лопаскине; Russian: Лопаскино), is a village in Shchastia urban hromada, Shchastia Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, on the left bank of the Donets river.

On 18 June 2025, the Verkhovna Rada renamed the village to Lopashchyne to match Ukrainian language standards.

Shchastia urban hromada
Shchastia urban hromada (Ukrainian: Щастинська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Shchastia Raion, Luhansk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Shchastia.

It has an area of 409.2 square kilometres (158.0 sq mi) and a population of 20,922, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 11 settlements: 1 city (Shchastia), 1 rural settlement (Petropavlivka), and 9 villages:
Johan Rojas
Johan Stiven Rojas (born August 14, 2000) is a Dominican professional baseball outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). Rojas signed with the Phillies as an international free agent in 2018.

Florida Complex League Phillies
The Florida Complex League Phillies are a Rookie-level affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies, competing in the Florida Complex League of Minor League Baseball. Prior to 2021, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Phillies. The team plays its home games at the Carpenter Complex, in Clearwater, Florida. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball as either draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and various other countries.
Joel Fuhrman
Joel Fuhrman (born December 2, 1953) is an American celebrity doctor who advocates a plant-based diet termed the "nutritarian" diet which emphasizes nutrient-dense foods.  His practice is based on his nutrition-based approach to obesity and chronic disease, as well as promoting his products and books. He has written books promoting his dietary approaches including the bestsellers Eat to Live, Super Immunity, The Eat to Live Cookbook, The End of Dieting (2016) and The End of Heart Disease (2016). He sells a related line of nutrition-related products.

Celebrity doctor
Celebrity doctors include physicians, medical professionals, people with the title doctor, and some with the nickname "doctor" who have substantial media exposure. Some may have a secondary role as an entertainer, particularly in the United States and United Kingdom. Examples of celebrity doctors include Dr. Drew, Dr. Oz, Dr. Ruth, Dr. Phil and Doctor Tracey Marks among others.
Fearsome critters
In North American folklore and American mythology, fearsome critters were tall tale animals jokingly said to inhabit the wilderness in or around logging camps,  especially in the Great Lakes region. Today, the term may also be applied to similar fabulous beasts.

Wampus cat
A wampus cat is a cat-like creature in American folklore that varies widely in appearance, ranging from frightful to comical, depending on region. It has its origins in Cherokee mythology and Appalachian legend. It is also known as a "gallywampus" in Missouri, "whistling wampus" in the Ozarks, simply "wampus" in Appalachia.
2020 4 Hours of Le Castellet
The 2020 4 Hours of Le Castellet was an endurance sportscar racing event that was held on 19 July 2020, as the opening round of the 2020 European Le Mans Series. It was also the eleventh running of an ELMS race at Paul Ricard, the eleventh running of a 4 hours race at this circuit and the seventh ELMS 4 hour. The race was won by the #32 United Autosports run Oreca 07-Gibson driven by Will Owen, Alex Brundle and Job van Uitert.

2020 European Le Mans Series
The 2020 European Le Mans Series was the seventeenth season of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's (ACO) European Le Mans Series. The six-event season began at Circuit Paul Ricard on 19 July and finished at Algarve International Circuit on 1 November.

The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes, divided into the LMP2 and LMP3 classes, and grand tourer-style racing cars in the LMGTE class.

This season marked as the debut for the new ACO Generation II LMP3 cars.
Room synchronization
The room synchronization technique is a form of concurrency control in computer science.

The room synchronization problem involves supporting a set of m mutually exclusive "rooms" where any number of users can execute code simultaneously in a shared room (any one of them), but no two users can simultaneously execute code in separate rooms.

Room synchronization can be used to implement asynchronous parallel queues and stacks with constant time access (assuming a fetch-and-add operation).

Fetch-and-add
In computer science, the fetch-and-add (FAA) CPU instruction atomically increments the contents of a memory location by a specified value.

That is, fetch-and-add performs the following operation: increment the value at address x by a, where x is a memory location and a is some value, and return the original value at x.

in such a way that if this operation is executed by one process in a concurrent system, no other process will ever see an intermediate result.

Fetch-and-add can be used to implement concurrency control structures such as mutex locks and semaphores.
Oklahoma Cyclone
Oklahoma Cyclone is a 1930 American pre-Code Western film directed by John P. McCarthy that is a forerunner of the singing cowboy genre. It stars Bob Steele in his second talking picture playing the title role and singing. The film was released by Tiffany Pictures. The film was remade as Song of the Gringo.

Tiffany Pictures
Tiffany Pictures (known as Tiffany-Stahl Productions from 1927 to 1930) was an American film studio in Hollywood, in operation from 1921 until 1932. It is considered a Poverty Row studio, whose films had lower budgets, lesser-known stars, and lower production values than major studios.
Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad
Babar Yaqoob Fateh Muhammad (born 13 August 1954) is a retired Pakistani civil servant who served as chairman of the Federal Land Commission of Pakistan from April 2020 to April 2023. Previously, he served in BPS-22 grade as the Cabinet Secretary of Pakistan, Chief Secretary Balochistan and Maritime Secretary (in acting capacity).  He also served as ECP Secretary and Chief Secretary Gilgit Baltistan. He belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service and is batchmates with Shehzad Arbab, Tariq Bajwa and Sajjad Saleem Hotiana.

Tariq Bajwa
Tariq Bajwa is a retired Pakistani civil servant who served as the Finance Secretary and Economic Affairs Secretary of Pakistan. Bajwa also served as the 19th Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan and the 20th Chairman of the Federal Board of Revenue.
Hemmat Expressway
Hemmat Expressway is a route in Tehran, Iran. It starts from Pasdaran Avenue junction and goes west. It passes Haghani Expressway, Kordestan Expressway, Milad Tower, Ashrafi Esfahani Expressway and Ziba Shahr in Western Tehran and ends into an intersection with Azadegan Expressway and Tehran-Shomal Freeway.

It is named after Iran-Iraq war hero Mohammad Ebrahim Hemmat.

Source:|OpenStreetMap Contributions

Shahid Haghani Expressway
Shahid Haghani Expressway (Highway) is an expressway in Tehran. It starts from Resalat Expressway and ends in Vanak Square.

The expressway has 4 exits with 3 irregular Partial cloverleaf interchange and 1 traffic circle. There are three lanes of traffic in either direction for most of the length of the roadway. Traffic at Resalat Expressway enters and exits from Arabali Street. At Vanak Square, traffic feeds from four different streets (Valiasr Street, Vanak Street, Molia Sadra Street, Brazil Street).
Sir Richard Butler of Polestown
Sir Richard Butler (1395–1443) of Polestown, County Kilkenny, was the second son of James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond, and Anne Welles. His older brother James inherited the earldom. Following the extinction of the senior family line, his great-grandson, Piers Butler, became the 8th Earl of Ormond.

Richard was born at Kilkenny Castle and was named in honour of the visiting King Richard II, who had joined his cousin, James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond, to campaign against the Irish.

Earl of Ormond (Ireland)
The peerage title Earl of Ormond and the related titles Duke of Ormonde and Marquess of Ormonde have a long and complex history. An earldom of Ormond has been created three times in the Peerage of Ireland. The earldom comprised the entirety of what is now County Kilkenny, large swathes of County Tipperary, and parts of County Waterford and County Carlow.