hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wężnik
Wężnik [ˈvɛ̃ʐnik] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzęcin, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Krzęcin, 9 km (6 mi) south of Choszczno, and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. It had less than 10 inhabitants in 2007.

Whilst it was a part of Germany it was called Hammermühle, meaning 'hammer mill', signifying that a workshop or forge likely used to exist here along the Mała Ina.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Krzęcin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Krzęcin [ˈkʂɛnt͡ɕin] (German: Kranzin) is a village in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krzęcin. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Choszczno and 71 km (44 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 1,200.
Burundi–Rwanda relations
Relations between Burundi and Rwanda have existed for at least as long as the states themselves. Before contact with Europeans, Rwanda and Burundi were kingdoms (primarily inhabited by Hutu, Tutsi and Twa) competing to gain control over nearby territory. In the 1880s, the two kingdoms were placed under colonial authority, first by Germany, and then by Belgium after 1919.

Since regaining their independence in the 1960s, the crises and political developments of both nations have had profound impacts on each other. Bilateral relations between Burundi and Rwanda have ranged from being very friendly to very hostile, and are regularly shaped by the relations between Hutu and Tutsi in general.

Filip Reyntjens
Filip Reyntjens (born 1952) is professor emeritus at University of Antwerp. His academic training is in constitutional law, but he later pivoted towards the study of politics especially of the Great Lakes region of Africa.
Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's hammer throw
The women's hammer throw competition of the athletics events at the 2019 Pan American Games took place on the 10th of August at the 2019 Pan American Games Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Rosa Rodríguez from Venezuela.

Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's hammer throw
The women's hammer throw competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 21 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Yipsi Moreno of Cuba.
Hock burns
Hock burns are lesions found on the hock joints of chickens and other birds raised on broiler farms. They are considered a form of contact dermatitis. These marks occur when the ammonia from the waste of other birds burns through the skin of the leg, leaving a brown ulcer mark. The condition has been found to be a source of pain for birds, can cause mobility issues, and may increase the risk of bacterial diseases. In severe cases, hock burns can cause visible scabs to form.

Higher rates of hock burns are often used by observers as an indicator of what they see as worse animal welfare conditions. This is in part due to how they occur more often in overcrowded conditions and in birds genetically modified to grow fast. Although the meat is still safe to eat, many processors now remove these marks as they discourage customers.

Broiler industry
The broiler industry is the process by which broiler chickens are reared and prepared for meat consumption. Worldwide, in 2005 production was 71,851,000 tonnes.
From 1985 to 2005, the broiler industry grew by 158%.

A key measure of performance is the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the ability to convert feed into edible product. In 2018 the FCR of broilers is about 1.5, or 1.5 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of meat. This compares very favorably with other sources of meat.

It is estimated that broilers produce 6 kg of greenhouse gas per 1 kg of meat, as compared to 60 kg GHG /kg for beef cattle.

In the 1980s, it was typical to produce a 2 kilogram chicken in 70 days. By 2018, this had reduced to just 29 days to produce a bird of the same weight.
Holy Trinity Catholic Schools
Holy Trinity Catholic Schools is a PK-12 Roman Catholic school headquartered in Fort Madison, Iowa, with campuses in Fort Madison and West Point. Fort Madison has the secondary school campus and one early childhood campus, while West Point has the elementary school and an early childhood center on another campus. The school system is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport.

Diocese of Davenport
The Diocese of Davenport (Latin: Diœcesis Davenportensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for the southeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States. The bishop is Dennis Gerard Walsh. The see city for the diocese is Davenport, where Sacred Heart Cathedral is located.
2011–12 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The 2011–12 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team (variously "Alabama", "UA", "Bama" or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011–12 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Anthony Grant, in his third season at Alabama after posting a 25–12 record the previous year. The team played their home games at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, as a member of the Southeastern Conference. This was the 99th season of basketball in the school's history. They finished the season 21–12 overall, 9–7 SEC play, and finished in 5th place. They were defeated by Florida in the quarterfinals of the 2012 SEC men's basketball tournament, and they lost to Creighton in the 2012 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament first round.

Anthony Grant (basketball)
Anthony Duvale Grant (born April 15, 1966) is an American basketball coach who is the head men's basketball coach at the University of Dayton. Prior to that, he was the head coach at Virginia Commonwealth University from 2006 to 2009, and at the University of Alabama from 2009 to 2015. Prior to becoming the VCU head coach, he was an assistant coach at the University of Florida from 1996 to 2006.
Aviastroitel AC-4 Russia
The Aviastroitel AC-4 Russia is a Russian mid-wing, single-seat glider designed by Vladimir Egorovich Fedorov and produced by Aircraft Cooperative Mechta, which became Aviastroitel, now Glider Air Craft.

The aircraft is sometimes referred to as the Federov AC-4 Russia, Mechta AC-4, Fedorov Me7 Mechta, Kenilworth Me7, AS+ Ltd AC-4 or Aircraft Cooperative Mechta AC-4 Russia. It is currently marketed as the Glider Air Craft Solo AC-4.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
North American Indian childhood cirrhosis
North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (NAIC) is a disease in humans that can affect Ojibway-Cree children in northwestern Quebec, Canada. The disease is due to an autosomal recessive abnormality of the UTP4 gene, which codes for cirhin, a nucleolar protein.

NAIC is a ribosomopathy. An R565W mutation of UTP4 leads to partial impairment of cirhin interaction with NOL11.

Initial transient neonatal jaundice advances over time to biliary cirrhosis with severe liver fibrosis. Eventually, liver failure occurs, and requires liver transplantation.

Liver failure
Liver failure  is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.
Potridiscus
Potridiscus is a genus of fungi in the Helotiales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Potridiscus polymorphus.

Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. As of February 2020, the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species.

Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter.
Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally 
some species need a particular part of that plant.
Works by Harry Collingwood
This page list the published work of Harry Collingwood, the pseudonym for William Joseph Cosens Lancaster. The 44 novels and the stories are organised by year of first publication, but the tables can be sorted interactively.

HathiTrust
HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan. Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
Solvatten
Solvatten is a simple portable device which uses sunlight to purify water for drinking. It was invented by Petra Wadström and was intended mainly for domestic use in the developing world. Provided the sun is strong enough, it takes two to six hours to produce ten litres of drinking water. It works through a combination of the natural ultra-violet radiation and heat (infra-red radiation) in sunlight, and also incorporates a filter mesh.

The device is marketed by a company, Solvatten AB, founded in 2006.

Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.  Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
2022 Milano–Torino
The 2022 Milano–Torino was the 103rd edition of the Milano–Torino cycling classic. It was held on 16 March 2022 as a category 1.Pro race on the 2022 UCI ProSeries calendar. The race, which is usually held in the autumn, was held in March for the first time since 2005.

The race began in Magenta, on the outskirts of Milan, and finished in Rivoli, on the outskirts of Turin. The slightly undulating route was 199 kilometres (124 mi) long but was still expected to favour the sprinters.

2022 UCI ProSeries
The 2022 UCI ProSeries is the third season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The original calendar consisted of 56 events, of which 30 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 26 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 47 events in Europe, six in Asia, two in the United States, and one in Argentina.
Vishakha
Vishākhā (विशाखा), meaning "forked, having many branches", is the 16th nakshatra in Indian astronomy. It corresponds to the stars α, β, γ and ι Librae in the constellation Libra. In Hindu mythology, Vishākhā is a daughter of the king Daksha. She is one of the twenty-seven daughters of Daksha, who married the moon-god Chandra. Vishākhā is the sixteenth nakshatra of the zodiac, ruled by the planet Jupiter, Brihaspati or Guru. It is also supposed to be the birth star of the goddess Sita.

Libra (constellation)
Libra /ˈliːbrə/ is a constellation of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for weighing scales. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♎︎).  It is fairly faint, with no first magnitude stars, and lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east. Beta Librae, also known as Zubeneschamali, is the brightest star in the constellation. Three star systems are known to have planets.
1998 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The 1998 Cheltenham Gold Cup was a horse race which took place at Cheltenham on Thursday 19 March 1998. It was the 71st running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup, and it was won by Cool Dawn. The winner was ridden by Andrew Thornton and trained by Robert Alner. The pre-race favourite Dorans Pride finished third.

Cool Dawn's victory in the Gold Cup was the highlight of a progressive career, in which he had initially competed in minor point-to-point races and hunter chases.

Cheltenham Gold Cup
51°55′13″N 2°3′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.92028°N 2.05778°W﻿ / 51.92028; -2.05778

The Cheltenham Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt horse race run on the New Course at Cheltenham Racecourse in England, over a distance of about 3 miles 2½ furlongs (3 miles 2 furlongs and 70 yards, or 5,294 m), and during its running there are 22 fences to be jumped. The race takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

The steeplechase, which is open to horses aged five years and over, is the most prestigious of all National Hunt events and it is sometimes referred to as the Blue Riband of jump-racing. Its roll of honour features the names of such chasers as Arkle, Best Mate, Golden Miller, Kauto Star, Denman and Mill House. The Gold Cup is the most valuable non-handicap chase in Britain, and in 2025 it offered a total prize fund of £625,000.
Garth DeFelice
Garth DeFelice is a former National Football League (NFL) referee who served from the 1998 NFL season until 2013. His uniform number was 53 (now worn by Sarah Thomas, the league's first-ever female official, and previously worn by Bill Reynolds and Frank Kirkland), and served in crews headed by Clete Blakeman from 2010–2013. He has also worked under Mike Carey and Bill Leavy, under whom he officiated Super Bowl XL. On May 4, 2014, it was announced that DeFelice would not return to the field for the 2014 season as he will become one of the regional supervisors for the officiating office.

Sarah Thomas (American football official)
Sarah Thomas (née Bailey; born September 21, 1973) is an American football official, currently for the National Football League (NFL).

Thomas was the first woman to officiate a major college football game, the first to officiate a bowl game, and the first to officiate in a Big Ten stadium. On April 8, 2015, Thomas was hired as the first full-time female official in NFL history, and for the 2020 NFL season, she was on the officiating crew headed by referee Shawn Hochuli. She wears uniform number 53. In January 2021, she became the first woman to earn an on-field assignment for an NFL playoff game. In February 2021, she became the first woman to officiate in a Super Bowl.
Norcross Brothers Granite Quarry
The Norcross Brothers Granite Quarry, more recently the Castellucci Quarry, is a historic granite quarry on Quarry Road in Branford, Connecticut.  Opened in 1887 by the Norcross Brothers construction firm, it supplied granite to a number of high-profile construction projects, including the Statue of Liberty and the Marshall Field and Company Building, and was in operation until 1980.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, and is now owned by the town as a passive recreation area.

Branford, Connecticut
Branford is a shoreline town located on Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, about 6 miles (10 km) east of downtown New Haven. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. Branford borders East Haven to the west, Guilford to the east, and North Branford to the north. The population was 28,273 in the 2020 census.
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-H400
The Sony Cyber-shot DSC-H400 is a DSLR-like ultrazoom bridge camera announced by Sony on February 13, 2014. At the time of its release, it was the compact camera with the longest reach, with a maximum equivalent focal length of 1550mm. In March 2015, the Nikon Coolpix P900 was released with 2000mm equivalent maximum focal length.

Superzoom
A superzoom or ultrazoom lens is a type of photographic zoom lens with unconventionally large focal length factors, typically ranging from wide angle to extreme long lens focal lengths in one lens. There is no clear definition of a superzoom lens, but the name generally covers lenses that have a range well above the 3× or 4× (e.g., 28-85 mm or 70-210 mm) of a standard zoom lens, with lenses being 10×, 12×, 18×, or above considered superzoom.

Advantages of a superzoom lens include compositional flexibility, reduced need to swap lenses, and enhanced portability by consolidating the functionality of multiple lenses into one. Due to trade-offs in the optical design, superzoom lenses are noted for having poorer optical quality at the extreme ends of their zoom ranges, often due to distortion. The longer focal lengths are usually accompanied by optical image stabilization in order to be usable handheld.
Slakness
Slakness in the Anglophone Caribbean vernacular such as Patois, Creole, and Creolese is catalogued as deviant behavior. Specifically, women's sexually expressive and suggestive conduct is deemed loose and vulgar, and as a result is considered 'Slakness.' Socially codified as licentious and promiscuous, slakness is often synonymous with badness which informed the notion of the "rude boy" trope in Jamaican popular culture; inspiring the interrogation of the politics of respectability that was pervasive during the immediate post emancipation1960s period. The cultural interconnectedness, and at times interchangeability, of slakness and badness has resulted in instances of twenty first century cultural reconceptualization and deployment in postcolonial Caribbean feminist theorizing; this is evidenced in dancehall music by artists such as Tanya Stephens and Ce'cile.

Guyanese Creole
Guyanese Creole (Creolese by its speakers or simply Guyanese) is an English-based creole language spoken in various forms by the majority of Guyanese people. It emerged during the Atlantic Slave Trade among enslaved Africans who were brought to Dutch, and later, British Guiana from West and Central Africa, between the mid-1600s and 1834. Many of these Africans arrived via the Caribbean islands of Barbados, and the Leeward Islands. As a result, Guyanese Creole shares key features with other Afro-Caribbean English-based creoles, particularly those of the Eastern Caribbean. It contains many African retentions and has loan words from indigenous-American languages, as well as Hindustani due to Indian acculturation.
California State Route 83
State Route 83 (SR 83), also or primarily known as Euclid Avenue, is a state highway and city street in the U.S. state of California. Though some maps and signs may mark SR 83 as continuous, control of the highway have been relinquished in piecemeal segments to local jurisdictions, with the goal of decommissioning SR 83 as a state highway. Since June 2024, SR 83 officially runs from the Chino Valley Freeway (State Route 71) at the Chino Hills–Chino border north to the Chino–Ontario border. Euclid Avenue then continues north through Upland to the unincorporated community of San Antonio Heights.

Euclid Avenue passes through several historic districts. The segment of the road between Philadelphia Street in Ontario and 24th Street in Upland is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Chino Hills, California
Chino Hills (/ˈtʃiːnoʊ/ CHEE-noh; chino being Spanish for 'curly') is a city in the Greater Los Angeles area of California. It is located in the southwestern corner of San Bernardino. As of the 2020 census, Chino Hills had a population of 78,411.
Russian Women's Handball Super Cup
The Russian Women's Handball Super Cup is a trophy that is played at the beginning of each season between the champion of Russia of the previous season and the winner of the Russian Cup of the previous season. If the champion and the Cup holder are the same team, then the Cup finalist plays with the champion. The trophy is held by the Russian Handball Federation and consists of one match. The trophy was played for the first time in 2014. Currently, the title sponsor of the tournament is the Olympus bookmaker, having replaced the VKontakte social network in 2018.

Handball Federation of Russia
The Handball Federation of Russia (Russian: Федерация гандбола России, romanized: Federatsiya gandbola Rossii) commonly known by its acronym, HFR, is the national governing body of handball in Russia. Is a public sports organization with its primary focus centered on the development and promotion of handball. RHF serves as the governing body responsible for organizing and overseeing handball competitions throughout Russia. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in the management and coordination of the Russian national handball teams.
Fåvangfjellet Chapel
Fåvangfjellet Church (Norwegian: Fåvangfjellet sportskapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Ringebu Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gulhaugsætra. It is an annex chapel for the Venabygd parish which is part of the Sør-Gudbrandsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden church was built in a fan-shaped design in 1974 using plans drawn up by the architects Johan Amrud and Håkon Nybakken. The chapel was consecrated on 20 July 1974.

Ringebu Municipality
Ringebuⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vålebrua (the village is also known as Ringebu). Other villages in the municipality include Fåvang and Brekkom.

The 1,247.57-square-kilometre (481.69 sq mi) municipality is the 85th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ringebu Municipality is the 195th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,447. The municipality's population density is 3.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Champ (folklore)
In American folklore, Champ or Champy is the name of a lake monster said to live in Lake Champlain, a 125-mile (201 km)-long body of fresh water shared by New York and Vermont, with a portion extending into Quebec, Canada. The legend of the monster is considered a draw for tourism in the Burlington, Vermont and Plattsburgh, New York areas.

Port Henry, New York
Port Henry is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,194 at the 2010 census.

Port Henry lies on the eastern side of the town of Moriah and is approximately one hour's drive (52 miles or 84 km) south of Plattsburgh. It is 44 miles (71 km) by road south-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 115 miles (185 km) north of Albany and 113 miles (182 km) south of Montreal, Quebec.