hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002 loya jirga
An emergency loya jirga (Pashto for "grand assembly") was held in Kabul, Afghanistan between 11 and 19 June 2002 to elect a transitional administration. The loya jirga was called for by the Bonn Agreement and Bush administration. The agreement (designed by Afghan leaders) was drawn up in December 2001 in Germany. Conducted under United Nations auspices, the talks at Bonn sought a solution to the problem of government in Afghanistan after the US ousted the Taliban government.

Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)
The Bonn Agreement (officially the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions) was the initial series of agreements passed on December 5, 2001 during an international conference on Afghanistan held in Bonn. It was intended to re-create the Islamic State of Afghanistan following the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan that followed the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Since no nationally agreed-upon government had existed in Afghanistan since 1979, it was felt necessary to have a transition period before a permanent government was established. A nationally agreed-upon government would require at least one loya jirga to be convened; however, in the absence of law and order in the wake of the rapid victory of American and Afghan Northern Alliance forces, immediate steps were felt to be required.
Chicago soul
Chicago soul is a style of soul music that arose during the 1960s in Chicago.  Along with Detroit, the home of Motown, and Memphis, with its hard-edged, gritty performers (see Memphis soul), Chicago and the Chicago soul style helped spur the album-oriented soul revolution of the early 1970s.

The sound of Chicago soul, like southern soul with its rich influence of black gospel music, also exhibited an unmistakable gospel sound, but was somewhat lighter and more delicate in its approach. Chicago vocal groups tended to feature laid-back sweet harmonies, while solo artists exhibited a highly melodic and somewhat pop approach to their songs.

Accompaniment usually featured highly orchestrated arrangements, with horns and strings, by such notable arrangers as Johnny Pate (who largely worked with horns) and Riley Hampton (who specialized in strings). This kind of soul music is sometimes called "soft soul", to distinguish it from the more harsh and gospel-like "hard soul" style.

Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

The label was founded in Gary, Indiana, in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president.  One of the earliest Black American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded, the Spaniels' "Baby It's You,"  making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.
Samuel Ecological Station
The Samuel Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica Samuel) is a strictly protected ecological station in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
It contains a tract of Amazon rainforest that extends east from the  reservoir formed by the Samuel Hydroelectric Dam.

Ecological station (Brazil)
An ecological station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica) in Brazil is a type of protected area of Brazil as defined by the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC).
The purpose is to preserve untouched representative samples of the different biomes in Brazil.
Bratsberg, Trøndelag
Bratsberg is a village in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The village is located in the borough of Lerkendal, between the village of Tanem and the lake Jonsvatnet.

The 0.27-square-kilometre (67-acre) village has a population (2024) of 371 and a population density of 1,374 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,560/sq mi).

Bratsberg Church is located in the village.

Jonsvatnet
Jonsvatnet is a lake in Trøndelag county, Norway. Most of the lake is in the eastern part of Trondheim Municipality, with a very small part of the shoreline belonging to Malvik Municipality. The lake is the main source for drinking water for the city of Trondheim.
Asmundtorp Church
Asmundtorp Church (Swedish: Asmundtorps kyrka) is a church in Asmundtorp, Landskrona Municipality, Skåne, Sweden. The current neo-Gothic church was built in 1895–1897 and replaced a medieval church on the same site. Designed by architect Gustaf Hermansson, it is one of the most accomplished examples of 19th-century church architecture in Skåne. It contains a medieval bronze baptismal font of northern German origin, the only one of its kind in the province. The church belongs to the Church of Sweden and is in the Diocese of Lund.

Landskrona Municipality
Landskrona Municipality (Swedish: Landskrona kommun) is a municipality in Scania County in Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Landskrona.

The island of Ven was added to the City of Landskrona in 1959. The amalgamations leading to the present municipality took place in 1967, 1969 and 1974. Since 1971 it is a municipality of unitary type, like all other municipalities of Sweden. The municipality, however, prefers to style itself Landskrona stad (City of Landskrona). This is purely nominal and has no effect on the status of the municipality.
IPhone hardware
The iPhone's hardware is designed entirely by Apple Inc. in California. While Apple designs its own system-on-a-chip (SoC), including the CPU and GPU, final assembly is outsourced to manufacturing partners, primarily Foxconn and Pegatron, in countries like China and India. This model allows Apple to maintain strict control over its supply chain, intellectual property, and the final product's quality.

Image stabilization
unstabilised

lens-based optical stabilisation

sensor-shift optical stabilisation

digital or electronic stabilisation

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time.
DNS hosting service
A DNS hosting service is a service that runs Domain Name System (DNS) servers.  Most, but not all, domain name registrars include DNS hosting service with registration.  Free DNS hosting services also exist.  Many third-party DNS hosting services provide dynamic DNS.

DNS hosting service is optimal when the provider has multiple servers in various geographic locations that provide resilience and minimize latency for clients around the world. By operating DNS nodes closer to end users, DNS queries travel a much shorter distance, resulting in faster Web address resolution speed.

DNS can also be self-hosted by running  on generic Internet hosting services.

Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is a method of automatically updating a name server in the Domain Name System (DNS), often in real time, with the active DDNS configuration of its configured hostnames, addresses or other information.

The term is used to describe two different concepts. The first is "dynamic DNS updating" which refers to systems that are used to update traditional DNS records without manual editing. These mechanisms use TSIG to provide security. The second kind of dynamic DNS permits lightweight and immediate updates often using an update client, which do not use the RFC 2136 standard for updating DNS records. These clients provide a persistent addressing method for devices that change their location, configuration or IP address frequently.
Fault breccia
Fault breccia, or tectonic breccia, is a breccia (a rock type consisting of angular clasts) that was formed by tectonic forces.

Fault breccia is a tectonite formed by localized zone of brittle deformation (a fault zone) in a rock. Brecciation in fault zones influences fault zone hydrogeology in its interaction with groundwater and petroleum deposits.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Jan Juta
Jan C. Juta (September 1, 1895 – December 21, 1990) was an American painter and muralist closely associated with the writer D. H. Lawrence. He illustrated Lawrence's book Sea and Sardinia and executed a well-known painting of Lawrence which presently hangs in Britain's National Portrait Gallery.

Juta was President of the National Society of Mural Painters from 1949 to 1952 and again from 1975 to 1979.

After a career ranging from France and Italy to South Africa, Juta settled in Mendham, New Jersey, United States, where he died in 1990.

Jan Juta was the son of South African attorney and jurist Henry Hubert Juta. In 1934 he married Alice Ford Huntington, a New Yorker, daughter of the famous tennis player Bob Huntington and younger sister of the socialite Helen Huntington, thus becoming a member of the influential Huntington family by marriage. Alice had previously been married to Charles Henry Marshall III, son of the prominent 19th-century businessman Charles Henry Marshall II.

National Society of Mural Painters
The National Society of Mural Painters (NSMP) is an American artists' organization originally known as The Mural Painters. The charter of the society is to advance the techniques and standards for the design and execution of mural art for the enrichment of architecture in the United States.
Gensa
GENSA (acronym for General Serviços Aéreos), was a regional airline and air taxi headquartered in Campo Grande, Brazil. It was founded in 1996 in São Paulo and remained in operation until April 2019, offering air taxi services and charters with its only plane.

Aircraft maintenance checks
Aircraft maintenance checks are periodic inspections that have to be done on all commercial and civil aircraft after a certain amount of time or usage. Military aircraft normally follow specific maintenance programmes which may, or may not, be similar to those of commercial and civil operators.
1981 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1981 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 46th staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 16 August 1981 at Páirc Mac Gearailt in Fermoy, between Kildorrery and Glanmire, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kildorrery won the match by 0-10 to 0-08 to claim their first ever championship title.

1909 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 5 December 1909 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Cobh and C.Y.M.S., in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cobh won the match by 5–13 to 0–04 to claim their first ever championship title.
Till Drobisch
Till Drobisch (born 2 March 1993) is a Namibian professional racing cyclist. He rode in two events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. In February 2016 he won the Namibia National Individual Time Trial event. The following year, he won the Namibian National Road Race Championships.

Namibian National Time Trial Championships
The Namibian National Time Trial Championship is a cycling race where the Namibian cyclists decide who will become the champion for the year to come. The winners of each event are awarded with a symbolic cycling jersey, just like the national flag, these colors can be worn by the rider at other road racing events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Jeremy Baumberg
Jeremy John Baumberg, FRS, FInstP (born 14 March 1967) is a British physicist who is professor of nanoscience in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, a fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, and director of the NanoPhotonics Centre.

Fellow of the Institute of Physics
Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) is "the highest level of membership attainable" by physicists who are members of the Institute of Physics (IOP), "for those with a degree in physics or related subject (or equivalent knowledge gained in the workplace) and who have made a significant impact on their sector"; it is for "distinguished physicists in recognition of their accomplishments".

Honorary Fellowship (HonFInstP) is for "exceptional individuals" who can be nominated in recognition of having "contributed to physics generally or to the work of the IOP", working in fields including business, education, research, and policy relating to physics. The Institute's bye-laws limit the number of fellows in this category to being not more than 100 living Honorary Fellows at any one time.
Geely Galaxy Starshine 8
The Geely Galaxy Starshine 8 (Chinese: 吉利银河星耀8; pinyin: Jílì Yínhe Xīngyào 8) is a battery electric and plug-in hybrid mid-size sedan manufactured by Geely Auto under the Geely Galaxy marque. It is the plug-in hybrid version of the Galaxy E8.

Mid-size car
Mid-size, also known as intermediate, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification. Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedans, coupes, station wagons, hatchbacks, and convertibles. Compact executive cars can also fall under the mid-size category.
Jamalpur Gymkhana
The Jamalpur Gymkhana, often referred to as Gymkhana (or merely Gym) by its members, is a hostel for young apprentice officers of the Indian Railways in Jamalpur, Bihar, India.  It is also a club like any other Gymkhana. The difference is that membership to this club is restricted only to those who spend their formative years in its corridors. It is difficult to talk about Gymkhana without quickly moving on to the anecdotal history of its members - current and past, referred to as Gymmies by its inmates.

Special Class Railway Apprentice
Special Class Railway Apprentice (SCRA) was a programme by which candidates are selected by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) India, to train in the undergraduate program in mechanical engineering at the Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jamalpur. This programme started in 1927 and is one of the oldest in India.

In 2015, Railways decided to close down this examination after UPSC communicated that it was not inclined to continue conducting the examination. However, the Ministry of Finance in 2021, in its report on the rationalisation of Indian Railways has recommended to start conducting the exam again stating that Indian Railways requires specialised training and skills beyond what is part of a regular graduation program.
Bank of Estonia
The Bank of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Pank) is the national central bank for Estonia within the Eurosystem. It was the Estonian central bank from 1919 to 2010 (albeit with a long suspension between 1940 and 1989), issuing the kroon.

The Bank of Estonia is not itself a financial supervisory authority but participates in European banking supervision as a member of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank, alongside the Financial Supervisory Authority. It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

State Bank of the USSR
The State Bank of the USSR (Russian: Государственный банк СССР, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy bank SSSR), known as the State Bank of the RSFSR from 1921 to 1923, and commonly referred to as Gosbank (Russian: Госбанк), was the central bank and main component of the single-tier banking system of the Soviet Union. It replaced the State Bank of the Russian Empire, and following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it became the Central Bank of Russia in 1992 (with Gosbank ceasing to exist).

Gosbank was one of the three main Soviet economic authorities, the other two being Gosplan (the State Planning Committee) and Gossnab (the State Committee for Material Technical Supply). It closely collaborated with the Soviet Ministry of Finance to prepare the national state budget.
Sağmalcılar (Istanbul Metro)
Sağmalcılar is a rapid transit station on the M1 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located in central Bayrampaşa, adjacent to the O-3 highway. Sağmalcılar was opened on 3 September 1989 as part of the first rapid transit line in Istanbul as well as Turkey and is one of the six original stations of the M1 line.

Bayrampaşa
Bayrampaşa (pronounced [bajˈɾampaʃa]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 9km2 (3.4 sq mi, 2,000 acres, 800 ha) and its population is 275,314 (2022). It is on the European side of the city.

The mayor is Hasan Mutlu (CHP), in office since April 2024.
Greek numerals
Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, is a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greece, they are still used for ordinal numbers and in contexts similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used in the Western world. For ordinary cardinal numbers, however, modern Greece uses Arabic numerals.

Ordinal numeral
In linguistics, ordinal numerals or ordinal number words are words representing position or rank in a sequential order; the order may be of size, importance, chronology, and so on (e.g., "third", "tertiary"). They differ from cardinal numerals, which represent quantity (e.g., "three") and other types of numerals.
Electoral district of Wollondilly
Wollondilly is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by independent Judy Hannan, who defeated sitting member Nathaniel Smith at the 2023 New South Wales state election.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Owraki Malang Bazar
Owraki Malang Bazar (Persian: عوركي ملنگ بازار, also Romanized as ʿOwrakī Malang Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 31 families.

Pir Sohrab Rural District
Pir Sohrab Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيرسهراب) is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Sohrab.
Figl Air Base
Fliegerhorst Leopold Figl – Flugplatz General Pabisch (Figl Air Base) (called Fliegerhorst Brumowski until 14 May 2024) is an Austrian Air Force (German: Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte) base located approximately 5 km (3 mi) east-southeast of Tulln; about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Vienna.

Figl Air Base is the headquarters of the Luftunterstützungsgeschwader (Air Support Wing). As of mid 2024 the Air Support Wing consists of a medium transport helicopter squadron Sikorsky S-70A-42 Black Hawk, a multi-purpose transport helicopter squadron Bell OH-58B Kiowa, a training and multi-purpose  helicopter squadron AgustaWestland AW-169B Lion as well as a fixed-wing squadron Pilatus PC-6 B2H2 Turbo Porter, an air reconnaissance squadron and the ground organization required for flight operations.

In addition, the base also houses the Bundesfachschule für Flugtechnik (Federal School for Aeronautical Engineering) and Fliegerwerft 1, responsible for overhauls and maintenance.

Godwin von Brumowski
Godwin Karol Marian von Brumowski (26 July 1889 – 3 June 1936) was the most successful fighter ace of the Austro-Hungarian Air Force during World War I. He was officially credited with 35 air victories (including 12 shared with other pilots), with 8 others unconfirmed because they fell behind Allied lines. Just before the war ended, Brumowski rose to command of all his country's fighter aviation fighting Italy on the Isonzo front.
Pyridinium perbromide
Pyridinium perbromide (also called pyridinium bromide perbromide, pyridine hydrobromide perbromide, or pyridinium tribromide) is an organic chemical composed of a pyridinium cation and a tribromide anion. It can also be considered as a complex containing pyridinium bromide—the salt of pyridine and hydrogen bromide—with an added bromine (Br2). The chemical is a solid whose reactivity is similar to that of bromine. It is thus a strong oxidizing agent used as a source of electrophilic bromine in halogenation reactions. The analogous quinoline compound behaves similarly.

Pyridinium
Pyridinium refers to the cation [C5H5NH]+. It is the conjugate acid of pyridine. Many related cations are known involving substituted pyridines, e.g. picolines, lutidines, collidines. They are prepared by treating pyridine with acids.

As pyridine is often used as an organic base in chemical reactions, pyridinium salts are produced in many acid-base reactions. Its salts are often insoluble in the organic solvent, so precipitation of the pyridinium leaving group complex is an indication of the progress of the reaction.

Pyridinium cations are aromatic, as determined through Hückel's rule. They are isoelectronic with benzene.
John Breckinridge Castleman
John Breckinridge Castleman (June 30, 1841 – May 23, 1918) was a Confederate officer and later a United States Army brigadier general as well as a prominent landowner and businessman in Louisville, Kentucky.

Courier Journal
The Courier Journal, also known as the Louisville Courier Journal (and informally The C-J or The Courier), and called The Courier-Journal between November 8, 1868, and October 29, 2017, is a daily newspaper published in Louisville, Kentucky, and owned by USA Today Co., which bills it as "Part of the USA Today Network".

It is the newspaper with the highest number of recorded circulation in Kentucky. According to the 1999 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, the paper is the 48th-largest daily paper in the United States.