hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jordan Cunningham
Jordan Cunningham (born December 6, 1977) is an American attorney and politician who represented the 35th district in the California State Assembly. He is a Republican who was elected in November 2016. Cunningham's district encompassed San Luis Obispo County and portions of Santa Barbara County. Prior to being elected to the state assembly, he was a school board trustee for the Templeton Unified School District and a Deputy District Attorney for San Luis Obispo County.

California Republican Party
The California Republican Party (CAGOP) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in  the U.S. state of California. The party is based in Sacramento, California and is led by chair Corrin Rankin.

As of October 2023, Republicans represent approximately 23.9% of the state's registered voters, placing the party far behind the California Democratic Party which has 46.8% of registered voters. The party is a super minority in the California State Legislature, holding less than 1/3 (33.3%) of the seats in both chambers of the legislature: 20 seats out of 80 in the California State Assembly (23.75%), and 9 seats out of 40 in the California State Senate (23%). The party holds none of the eight statewide executive branch offices, 9 of the state's 52 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives delegation (17%), and neither of California's seats in the U.S. Senate.
Italian American War Veterans of the United States
The Italian American War Veterans of the United States (ITAMVETS) is an Italian American veterans organization. The group was granted a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code on November 20, 1981.

Any American citizen who was honorably discharged or separated from the U.S. armed forces during the periods of war or conflict is eligible for membership. Posthumous membership may be given to those who have died in wartime and active duty membership may be given to those who remain in the military. Posts currently exist in Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. The National Ladies Auxiliary is the affiliate organization for women.

Congressional charter
A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress has issued corporate charters since 1791 and the laws that issue them are codified in Title 36 of the United States Code. The first charter issued by Congress was for the First Bank of the United States.

The relationship between Congress and an organization so recognized is largely symbolic, and is intended to lend the organization the legitimacy of being officially sanctioned by the U.S. government. Congress does not oversee or supervise organizations it has so chartered, aside from receiving a yearly financial statement.
Norman toponymy
Placenames in Normandy have a variety of origins.  Some belong to the common heritage of the Langue d'oïl extension zone in northern France and Belgium; this is called "Pre-Normanic".  Others contain Old Norse and Old English male names and toponymic appellatives. These intermingle with Romance male names and place-name elements to create a very specific superstratum, typical of Normandy within the extension zone of the Langue d'oïl. These are sometimes called "Normanic".

Langues d'oïl
The langues d'oïl  are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France, southern Belgium, and the Channel Islands. They belong to the larger category of Gallo-Romance languages, which also include the historical languages of east-central France and western Switzerland, southern France, portions of northern Italy, the Val d'Aran in Spain, and under certain acceptations those of Catalonia.

Linguists divide the Romance languages of France, and especially of Medieval France, into two main geographical subgroups: the langues d'oïl to the north, and the langues d'oc in the southern half of France. Both groups are named after the word for yes in their recent ancestral languages. The most common modern langue d'oïl is standard French, in which the ancestral oïl has become oui.
Gmina Łubnice, Łódź Voivodeship
Gmina Łubnice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łubnice, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Wieruszów and 107 km (66 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 60.9 square kilometres (23.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,194.

Wieruszów County
Wieruszów County (Polish: powiat wieruszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieruszów, which lies 106 kilometres (66 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 576.22 square kilometres (222.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,336, out of which the population of Wieruszów is 8,759 and the rural population is 33,577.
Alpena Township, Michigan
Alpena Township, officially the Charter Township of Alpena, is a charter township of Alpena County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the township population was 9,116.  The city of Alpena is surrounded by the township, but the two are administered autonomously. Alpena Township is the fourth-largest township by population in Northern Michigan, and the largest outside Grand Traverse County.

Charter township
A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. While all townships in Michigan are organized governments, a charter township has been granted a charter, which allows it certain rights and responsibilities of home rule that are generally intermediate between those of a city (a semi-autonomous jurisdiction in Michigan) and a village. Unless it is a home-rule village, a village is subject to the authority of any township in which it is located.

Of Michigan's 1,240 townships, 143 are charter townships. A number of charter townships are among the most populous municipalities in Michigan. For example, Clinton Township and Canton Township, both in Metro Detroit, were respectively the 8th and 9th most populous municipalities in Michigan at the 2020 census. The most recent township to become a charter township is Brady Township in Kalamazoo County, which adopted charter status on January 3, 2024.
Freddy Willockx
Frederik A. A. Willockx (2 September 1947 – 15 June 2024) was a Belgian socialist politician, and member of the Flemish Different Socialist Party.

Freddy Willockx was first elected to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives in 1979 and served until 1994.  He served as state secretary for finances in 1980 and as minister of post, telephony and telegraph services from 1980 to 1981 and from 1988 to 1989. He served as minister of pensions 1992–1994. He was elected a Member of the European Parliament (1994–1999). In June 1999 he was elected again to the Chamber of Representatives but resigned in July when he was appointed special government commissioner for the handling of the Dioxin Affair and for the implementation of European Directives (1999–2001). He was named as minister of state in 2002.

Willockx served as mayor of Sint-Niklaas from 1989 to 1995 and once again from 2001 to 2010, when he retired. Willockx died on 15 June 2024, at the age of 76.

Minister of State (Belgium)
The Minister of State (Dutch: Minister van Staat, French: Ministre d'État, German: Staatsminister) is an honorary title in Belgium. It is formally granted by the Belgian monarch, but on the initiative of the Belgian federal government. It is given on a personal basis, for life rather than for a specified period. The title is granted for exceptional merits, generally to senior politicians at the end of their party careers. It is not lost after a criminal conviction (Guy Spitaels, Willy Claes). Ministers of state are often former cabinet members or party leaders. Ministers of State advise the Sovereign in delicate situations, with moral authority but without formal competence. They are also members of the Crown Council of Belgium.
Altermagnetism
In condensed matter physics, altermagnetism is a type of persistent magnetic state in ideal crystals. Altermagnetic structures are collinear and crystal-symmetry compensated, resulting in zero net magnetisation. Unlike in an ordinary collinear antiferromagnet, another magnetic state with zero net magnetization, the electronic bands in an altermagnet are not Kramers degenerate, but instead depend on the wavevector in a spin-dependent way due to the intrinsic crystal symmetry connecting different magnetic sublattices. Related to this feature, key experimental observations were published in 2024. It has been speculated that altermagnetism may have applications in the field of spintronics.

Antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering, just like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. In antiferromagnets the individual magnetic dipoles are oriented in a way such that the bulk of the material has a vanishing total magnetization. In the simplest model, as shown in the picture on the right, neighboring moments in an ordered lattice are oriented antiparallel to one another. Since there are multiple ways of arranging magnetic moments on a lattice (especially in three dimensions), there exist various types of antiferromagnetic ordering. The phenomenon of antiferromagnetism was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1933.

Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, but vanishes at and above the Néel temperature – named after Louis Néel, who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.
Predictable serial number attack
A predictable serial number attack is a form of security exploit in which the algorithm for generating serial numbers for a particular purpose is guessed, discovered, or reverse engineered, a new serial number is predicted using the algorithm, and the newly generated serial number is then used for a fraudulent purpose, either to obtain an undeserved benefit or to deny service to the legitimate holder of the serial number.

Hash collision
In computer science, a hash collision or hash clash  is when two distinct pieces of data in a hash table share the same hash value. The hash value in this case is derived from a hash function which takes a data input and returns a fixed length of bits.

Although hash algorithms, especially cryptographic hash algorithms, have been created with the intent of being collision resistant, they can still sometimes map different data to the same hash (by virtue of the pigeonhole principle). Malicious users can take advantage of this to mimic, access, or alter data.

Due to the possible negative applications of hash collisions in data management and computer security (in particular, cryptographic hash functions), collision avoidance has become an important topic in computer security.
Guelph City Council
Guelph City Council is the governing body for the city of Guelph, Ontario.

The council consists of the Mayor of Guelph and 12 ward councillors. Each ward elects 2 members to represent them. The council operates in the Guelph City Hall.

Municipal elections are held every four years. The last election took place October 24, 2022.

Eramosa River
The Eramosa River is a river in Wellington County in southwestern Ontario which rises near Erin, Ontario, and flows southwest through the city of Guelph, where it joins the Speed River, which then enters the Grand River in Cambridge. The river is believed to derive its name from the Mississauga word um-ne-mo-sah, meaning "black dog" or "dead dog".
GER Class T77
The GER Class T77 was a class of twenty-five 0-6-0 steam locomotives designed by A. J. Hill for the Great Eastern Railway. They all passed to the London and North Eastern Railway at the 1923 grouping and received the classification J19.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
1913 U.S. National Championships – Men's singles
Maurice McLoughlin defeated R. Norris Williams 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1913 U.S. National Championships.  The event was held at the Newport Casino in Newport, R.I. in the United States. There were more than 128 players in the draw.

1913 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1913 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The men's singles tournament ran from August 18 until August 26 while the women's singles and doubles championship took place from June 9 to June 14 at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill. It was the 33rd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year. Future seven-time singles champion Bill Tilden won his first U.S. Championship title, partnering Mary Browne in the mixed doubles.
Anti-Afghan sentiment
Anti-Afghan sentiment is the dislike, hatred, fear, prejudice, resentment, discrimination against and/or any other form of negative sentiment towards Afghan people and/or negative sentiments towards the country Afghanistan and/or anything associated with it.

The sentiment dates back at least two centuries and has seen a rise in the past few decades across the world with the increase of Afghan migrants, refugees and issues relating to unlawful acts, ranging from minor offenses to more severe ones such as terrorism, sexual violations, drug trafficking, kidnappings and other forms of international crime that have connections to Afghanistan or Afghan people.

Such issues have only fueled these bad cultural/national stereotypes.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Prince Morikuni
Prince Morikuni (守邦親王, Morikuni Shinnō; 19 June 1301 – 25 September 1333; r. 1308–1333) was the ninth and last shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan.

He was a son of the eighth shōgun Prince Hisaaki and was a grandson of the Emperor Go-Fukakusa. He was also a puppet ruler controlled by Hōjō Takatoki, who was the Kamakura shogunate's shikken or chief minister and tokusō of Hōjō clan (de facto ruler of Japan). His mother was daughter of Prince Koreyasu who died in 1306.

After the collapse of the Kamakura bakufu, he became a Buddhist priest. He died shortly afterwards.

The Kamakura shogunate was succeeded by the short-lived Kenmu Restoration.

Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Emperor Go-Fukakusa (後深草天皇, Go-Fukakusa-tennō; 28 June 1243 – 17 August 1304) was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260.

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Ninmyō and go- (後), translates literally as "later", and thus he could be called the "Later Emperor Fukakusa". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Fukakusa, the second", or as "Fukakusa II".
Johann Rudolf, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin
Johann Rudolf, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin (German: Johann Nepomuk Rudolph Graf Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin; 18 May 1748 – 26 August 1824) was an Austrian finance minister and government president (Gubernialpräsident) in the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Clary und Aldringen
The House of Clary und Aldringen, also known as Clary-Aldringen, is one of the most prominent Austro-Hungarian princely families. Originally from Friuli, Northern Italy, one branch of the family moved to the County of Tyrol around 1500 and to the Kingdom of Bohemia around 1600, where it became one of the leading families of the Bohemian nobility. It produced several notable Austro-Hungarian statesmen, military officers and diplomats.
2026 Tour of Oman
The 2026 Tour of Oman is a road cycling stage race that takes place between 7 and 11 February 2026 in Oman. The race is rated as a Category 2. Pro event on the 2026 UCI ProSeries calendar, and is the 15th edition of the Tour of Oman.

2026 UCI ProSeries
The 2026 UCI ProSeries is the seventh season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consists of 61 events, of which 34 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 27 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 53 events in Europe, six in Asia, and one each in the United States and Australia.

There are races from 2025 demoted to UCI Continental Circuits such as Tour of Taihu Lake and Dwars door het Hageland, while some races such as AlUla Tour, Surf Coast Classic and CRO Race were upgraded from 2025 UCI Continental Circuits.
Isaiah 60
Isaiah 60 is the sixtieth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 56–66 are often referred to as Trito-Isaiah, with chapters 60–62, "three magnificent chapters", often seen as the "high-point" of Trito-Isaiah. Here, the prophet "hails the rising sun of Jerusalem’s prosperity".

Isaiah 56
Isaiah 56 is the fifty-sixth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapter 56 is the first chapter of the final section of the Book of Isaiah, often referred to as Trito-Isaiah.
Lahure (film)
Lahure (लाहुरे; lit. 'Lahore', transl. India) is a 1989 Nepali film directed by Tulsi Ghimire under the banner of Kanchanjanga films. It starred Shrawan Ghimire, Tripti Nadakar and Tulsi Ghimire. The music of the film was composed by Ranjit Gazmer. Binod Pradhan was the cinematographer. It was mostly shot in India at Namchi, South Sikkim and Darjeeling. The film was the biggest commercial success at the Nepalese box office at the time and celebrated 151 days in theatres.

Binod Pradhan
Binod Pradhan is an Indian cinematographer, director and actor. He has worked in several popular and acclaimed films as a cinematographer. Some of his award-winning films include 1942 A Love Story, Devdas, Rang De Basanti, Mission Kashmir, and Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
Long hair
Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to a considerable length. Exactly what constitutes "long hair" can change from culture to culture, or even within cultures. For example, a woman with shoulder-length hair in some cultures may be said to have short hair to medium hair, while a man would be said to have long hair.

Long lustrous female hair is generally rated attractive by both men and women across cultures. The prevalence of trichophilia (hair partialism or fetishism) is 7% in the population, and very long hair is a common subject of devotion in this group.

Nazirite
In the Hebrew Bible, a nazirite or a nazarite (Hebrew: נָזִיר Nāzīr) is an Israelite man or woman who voluntarily took a vow which is described in Numbers 6:1–21. This vow required the nazirite to:

Abstain from wine and strong drink as well as all other grape products, such as vinegar

Refrain from cutting the hair on his head

Not to become ritually impure by contact with corpses or graves, even those of family members.

After following these requirements for a designated time period (which would be specified in the individual's vow), the nazirite would offer a specific animal sacrifice; along with it, the nazirite's hair was to be shorn and burned.

The nazirite is described as being "holy" and "holy unto God"; yet at the same time, he or she must bring a sin offering. This has led to divergent approaches to the nazirite in the Talmud, and later authorities, with some viewing the nazirite as an ideal, and others viewing the nazirite as a sinner.
Gloucester (provincial electoral district)
Gloucester was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada, from the 1828 election of the 9th New Brunswick Legislature. It mirrored Gloucester County, and used a bloc voting system to elect candidates.  It was abolished with the 1973 electoral redistribution, divided up into five first past the post districts: Caraquet, Nepisiguit-Chaleur, Nigadoo-Chaleur, Shippagan-les-Îles, and Tracadie.

Tracadie (electoral district)
Tracadie is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was originally created in 1974 and was replaced by the Tracadie-Sheila district in 1995. Following the 2023 redistribution, the riding was re-created out of Tracadie-Sheila, Bathurst East-Nepisiguit-Saint-Isidore, Shippagan-Lamèque-Miscou and Caraquet.
Edinburgh University Settlement
The Edinburgh University Settlement (EUS) was a multi-purpose voluntary organisation established by University of Edinburgh in 1905. The Edinburgh University Settlement was part of a larger settlement movement which began in Britain with the founding of Toynbee Hall in London in 1886. EUS was liquidated in 2011 following bankruptcy.

Toynbee Hall
Toynbee Hall is a charitable institution that works to address the causes and impacts of poverty in the East End of London and elsewhere. Established in 1884, it is based in Commercial Street, Spitalfields, and was the first university-affiliated institution of the worldwide settlement movement—a reformist social agenda that strove to get the rich and poor to live more closely together in an interdependent community. It was founded by Henrietta and Samuel Barnett in the economically depressed East End, and was named in memory of their friend and fellow reformer, Oxford historian Arnold Toynbee, who had died the previous year.

Toynbee Hall continues to strive to bridge the gap between people of all social and financial backgrounds, with a focus on working towards a future without poverty.
Gondola Group
Gondola Group was a chain restaurant operator in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It operated several casual dining brands:

Byron Hamburgers, sold to Hutton Collins for £100 million in October 2013.

Kettners, champagne bar and restaurant (one site in London), sold in 2013/2014.

PizzaExpress, sold to the China based private equity firm Hony Capital in July 2014 for £900 million ($1.54 billion).

ASK Italian and Zizzi, Italian food. Sold to Bridgepoint Capital in February 2015 for £250 million.

Zizzi
Zizzi Restaurants Limited, trading as Zizzi, is a chain of Italian-inspired restaurants in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is the sister restaurant of ASK Italian, both having been founded by Adam and Sam Kaye. In February 2015, Bridgepoint Capital completed a £250 million acquisition of the two brands. They were subsequently bought by TowerBrook Capital Partners in 2020.