hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 1872
NGC 1872 is an open cluster within the Large Magellanic Cloud in the constellation Dorado. It was discovered by James Dunlop in 1826.

NGC 1872 has characteristics of both globular clusters and open clusters - it is visually as rich as a typical globular but is much younger, and, like many open clusters, has bluer stars. Such intermediate clusters are common in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Dorado
Dorado (US: /dəˈreɪdoʊ/, also UK: /-ˈrɑːdoʊ/) is a constellation in the Southern Sky. It was named in the late 16th century and is now one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name refers to the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which is known as dorado ("golden") in Spanish, although it has also been depicted as a swordfish. Dorado contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud, the remainder being in the constellation Mensa. The South Ecliptic pole also lies within this constellation.

Even though the name Dorado is not Latin but Spanish, astronomers give it the Latin genitive form Doradus when naming its stars; it is treated (like the adjacent asterism Argo Navis) as a feminine proper name of Greek origin ending in -ō (like Io or Callisto or Argo), which have a genitive ending -ūs.
History of navigation
The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments. Many peoples have excelled as seafarers, prominent among them the Austronesians (Islander Southeast Asians, Malagasy, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, and Polynesians), the Harappans, the Phoenicians, the Iranians, the ancient Greeks, the Romans, the Arabs, the ancient Indians, the Norse, the Chinese, the Venetians, the Genoese, the Hanseatic Germans, the Portuguese, the Spanish, the English, the French, the Dutch, and the Danes.

Celestial navigation
Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning. Celestial navigation is performed without using satellite navigation or other similar modern electronic or digital positioning means.

Celestial navigation uses "sights," or timed angular measurements, taken typically between a celestial body (e.g., the Sun, the Moon, a planet, or a star) and the visible horizon. Celestial navigation can also take advantage of measurements between celestial bodies without reference to the Earth's horizon, such as when the Moon and other selected bodies are used in the practice called "lunars" or the lunar distance method, used for determining precise time when time is unknown.
Suruç Water Tunnel
Suruç Water Tunnel (Turkish: Suruç Tüneli is a water supply tunnel located in Suruç district of Şanlıurfa Province, southeastern Turkey. The purpose of the tunnel is to provide irrigation for the Suruç Valley from Atatürk Dam. With its length of 17.185 km (10.678 mi), it is the country's longest tunnel.

Water tunnel (physical infrastructure)
Water tunnels are tunnels (below-ground channels) used to transport water to areas with large populations or agriculture. They are frequently part of aqueducts. Some aqueducts, such as the Delaware Aqueduct are single long tunnels. In other cases, such as the San Jacinto Tunnel on the Colorado River Aqueduct, water tunnels form parts of far longer aqueducts.  In cases where the outflow of a water tunnel is into an existing stream or river flowing to the point of water use, the term aqueduct is less likely to be used, as with the Harold D. Roberts Tunnel from Dillon Reservoir to the North Fork South Platte River.
1894 Brigg by-election
The 1894 Brigg by-election was held on 7 December 1894.  The by-election was held due to the appointment of the incumbent Liberal MP, Samuel Danks Waddy as recorder of Sheffield.  It was won by the Conservative candidate John Maunsell Richardson.

Brigg (UK Parliament constituency)
Brigg was a county constituency centred on the town of Brigg in North Lincolnshire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election when it was replaced by the new constituency of Brigg and Scunthorpe.
1999 California 500
The 1999 California 500 Presented by NAPA was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on May 2, 1999, at California Speedway in Fontana, California. Contested at 250 laps on the 2-mile (3.2 km) speedway, it was the 10th race of the 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won the race.

1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 51st season of professional Stock car racing in the United States, the 28th modern-era Cup series, and the last Cup season of the 1990s and the 20th century. The season began on Sunday, February 7, and ended on Sunday, November 21. Dale Jarrett, representing Robert Yates Racing, was crowned the champion, while the NASCAR Manufacturers' Championship was won by the Ford drivers with 13 wins and 231 points over second-place Chevrolet who had 12 wins and 210 points and third place Pontiac who had 9 wins and 205 points.

In December 1999, NASCAR announced that starting in February 2001, the Winston Cup Series and Busch Grand National Series would be broadcast live on FOX/FX and NBC/TBS (later TNT).
Bantac River
The Bantac River is a river in the municipality of Magpet in Cotabato province of the Philippines. It is a tributary of the Kabacan River in Kabacan that connects with the Pulangi River in the municipality of Carmen, which empties into the Rio Grande de Mindanao.

In October 2024, the river overflowed its bank causing flash floods and damage to Cotabato.

Pulangi River
The Pulangi River (Cebuano pronunciation IPA [puˈlaŋi]); (Maguindanaon pronunciation: [pʊˈlaːŋɪ]), also spelled Pulangui, is one of the major tributaries of the Rio Grande de Mindanao, an extensive river system in Mindanao, Philippines. With a length of 320 kilometres (199 mi), it is the longest river in Bukidnon and the 5th longest river in the Philippines. It traverses through majority of the cities and municipalities of Bukidnon from its source in Barangay Kalabugao, Impasugong, Bukidnon.
Kainuu Sámi people
Kainuu Sámi people (Finnish: kainuunsaamelaiset) is a modern term used to refer to the people who lived in the area of Kainuu, Finland until the 18th century and spoke a Sámi language dubbed Kainuu Sámi.

Kainuu Sámi
Kainuu Sámi is an extinct Sámi language that was once spoken in Kainuu. It became extinct in the 18th century when the Kainuu Sámi began assimilating to the culture of the growing Finnish population. Kainuu Sámi belonged to the Eastern Sámi language group.

In his review of Jaakko Anhava's book Maailman kielet ja kielikunnat ("Languages and language groups of the world", 1998), researcher of Finno-Ugric languages Tapani Salminen stated that the idea of the existence of a Kainuu Sámi language that is separate from Kemi Sámi is not well reasoned.

The original inhabitants of Kainuu were Sámi hunter-fishers. In the 17th century, the Governor General of Finland Per Brahe fostered the population growth of Kainuu by giving a ten-year tax exemption to settlers. It was considered necessary at the time by Finnish authorities to populate Kainuu with Finnish farmers because control over the area was threatened from the east by Russians. Those who settled in Kainuu were mainly from Savonia.
Alandroal
Alandroal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐlɐ̃dɾuˈal] ⓘ), officially Alandroal Town (Portuguese: Vila do Alandroal), is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Évora located on the eastern frontier with Spain along the right margin of the Guadiana River in the Central Alentejo region. It is located 341 metres (1,119 ft) above sea level, northeast of Évora and southeast of Estremoz. The population in 2011 was 5,843, in an area of 542.68 km2.

Denis of Portugal
Denis (Latin: Dionysius Alphonsus, Portuguese: Dinis Afonso; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal from 1279 until his death in 1325.

Dinis was the eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second wife, Beatrice of Castile, and grandson of Afonso II of Portugal, Denis succeeded his father in 1279. He was married to Elizabeth of Aragon, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

Denis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near Leiria to prevent soil degradation that threatened the region, and to serve as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language.
Meshimori onna
Meshimori onna (飯盛女) or meshiuri onna (飯売女), literally "meal-serving woman", is the Japanese term for the women who were hired by hatago inns at the shukuba (post stations) along kaidō routes in Japan during the Edo era. They were originally maidservants hired by the inns, although as traffic along the kaidō grew and competition between the inns increased, they were often engaged in prostitution.

Many inns had prostitutes in order to attract a larger number of travellers. In 1718, the Tokugawa shogunate issued a law limiting the number of meshimori onna to two per inn, giving the inns tacit permission to employ a limited number of prostitutes.

Hatago
Hatago (旅籠) were Edo period lodgings for travelers at shukuba (post stations) along the national highways, including the Edo Five Routes and the subroutes. In addition to a place to rest, hatago also offered meals and other foods to the travelers. They were also called hatagoya (旅籠屋).
DeMarcus Ware
DeMarcus Omar Ware (born July 31, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker and defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons. He played college football for the Troy State Trojans and was selected by the Dallas Cowboys with the 11th overall pick in the first round of the 2005 NFL draft. After spending nine seasons with the Cowboys, Ware departed in 2013 as the franchise's all-time leader in quarterback sacks with 117. Ware then played three seasons for the Denver Broncos, with whom he won Super Bowl 50 over the Carolina Panthers. After the 2016 season with the Broncos, he announced his retirement from the NFL. In 2017, he signed a one-day contract with Dallas to retire as a Cowboy. In 2018, the Broncos hired Ware as a pass-rush consultant. In 2023, Ware was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Wade Phillips
Harold Wade Phillips (born June 21, 1947) is an American football coach. He has served as the head coach of the Denver Broncos, Buffalo Bills, Dallas Cowboys, Houston Roughnecks, and San Antonio Brahmas. He has also served as an interim head coach for the New Orleans Saints, Atlanta Falcons, and Houston Texans. Additionally, Phillips has long been considered to be among the best defensive coordinators in the NFL. In his long career, he has served as defensive coordinator in eight separate stints with seven different franchises (twice with the Denver Broncos). Multiple players under Phillips' system have won Defensive Player of the Year: Reggie White, Bryce Paup, Bruce Smith, J. J. Watt, and Aaron Donald. Others under Phillips have won Defensive Rookie of the Year: Mike Croel and Shawne Merriman. In Phillips' lone Super Bowl victory, a defensive player would be named Super Bowl MVP: Von Miller.
East Forest (Charlotte Neighborhood)
The East Forest neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina was established in the 1960s and 1970s. The neighborhood is bounded by N Sharon Amity Rd to the north, Sardis Rd N to the south, Independence Boulevard (US 74) to the east, and Monroe Rd to the southwest. Neighboring areas include Stonehaven, Sardis Woods, Oakhurst, Sherwood Forest, and Idlewild South. The area’s dominant architectural style is ranch-style, split-level and Craftsman designs with brick or wood exterior.

Stonehaven (Charlotte neighborhood)
The Stonehaven neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina was established in the 1950s. In addition to the Stonehaven subdivision, the area also includes the Olde Stonehaven, Queens Grant, Rama Woods, Waverly Hall and Medearis subdivisions. The neighborhood is bounded by Rama Road to the northwest, Sardis Road to the southwest, McAlpine Creek to the southeast and a railroad track and Monroe Road to the northeast. The area is neighbored by the areas known as Sherwood Forest, Landsdowne, McClintock Woods, and Sardis Woods. The area's dominant architectural style is the ranch-style house with brick or wood exterior.
2024 World Aquatics Men's U18 Water Polo Championships
The 2024 World Aquatics Men's U18 Water Polo Championships was the 6th edition of the men's U18 Water Polo Championship. The tournament was played in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 2 to 9 July 2024. Hungary were the defending champions. Hungary won their third title after beating Serbia in the final, 12–10.

World Aquatics U18 Water Polo Championships
The World Aquatics U18 Water Polo Championships, formerly known as the FINA World Youth Water Polo Championships, is an international water polo tournament held every two years for the players under the age of 18. It was launched by FINA in 2012.
Criquette Head-Maarek
Christiane "Criquette" Head (born 6 November 1948 at Marly-le-Roi, near Maisons-Laffitte, France) is a retired French racehorse trainer. Known as Criquette, she was born into the Thoroughbred horse racing business. Her great grandfather was a jockey-turned-trainer as was her grandfather William Head who was a very successful jockey, trainer, and owner in both flat racing and steeplechase events. Her father, Alec Head, became a successful trainer and breeder and the owner of Haras du Quesnay thoroughbred breeding farm near Deauville. The eldest of three daughters, her brother Freddy Head has been the champion jockey six times in France who later became a horse trainer, and sister Martine oversaw the operations at Haras du Quesnay until its closure in November 2022.

Alec Head
Alec Head (31 July 1924 – 22 June 2022) was a French horse trainer and breeder.

Head was the owner of Haras du Quesnay, located near Deauville. A descendant of the trainers who founded the English Racing Colony in Chantilly, Oise, Head's grandfather was a jockey-turned-trainer, as was his father William Head who was a very successful jockey, trainer, and owner in both flat racing and steeplechase events.

Alec Head's horses won The Derby and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

In 2018, interviewed about his career, he spoke about starting out as a jockey in 1942:

"We raced through the war and it was tough, and I used to bicycle everywhere. The Germans would go to the races as well, so racing continued but a lot of the courses were shut, so they organised Flat and Jumps meetings at the few that were open, such as Auteuil and Maisons-Laffitte".

Head died on 22 June 2022, at the age of 97.
Niles Masonic Temple
The Niles Masonic Temple  is a historic Masonic building in Niles, Ohio.  It was constructed in 1923 as a meeting hall for a local Masonic lodge, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.  In 2009 the Masons moved to new premises, and today the building houses the Genesis Christian Community Center.

Niles, Ohio
Niles is a city in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 18,443 at the 2020 census. Located at the confluence of the Mahoning River and Mosquito Creek, Niles is a suburb in the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.

Niles is best known as the birthplace of William McKinley, the 25th president of the United States. Located in the Rust Belt, the city's economy focused initially on iron manufacturing but later diversified to include steel and glass production. After the decline of heavy industry in the region in the 1970s, Niles became a retail hub for the northern Mahoning Valley with development centered around the Eastwood Mall complex and along the U.S. Route 422 corridor. The Mahoning Valley Scrappers baseball team plays at 7 17 Credit Union Field at Eastwood in Niles.
Saarlouis (electoral district)
Saarlouis is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 297. It is located in western Saarland, comprising the Merzig-Wadern district and most of the district of Saarlouis district.

Saarlouis was created for the inaugural 1957 federal election after the accession of Saarland to Germany. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Heiko Maas of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Philipp Hofmann of the CDU.

Saarlouis (district)
Saarlouis (Sarrelouis in French) is a Kreis (district) in the middle of the Saarland, Germany. Neighboring districts are Merzig-Wadern, Sankt Wendel, Neunkirchen, Saarbrücken, and the French département Moselle.
2008 Ipswich Borough Council election
Elections for Ipswich Borough Council were held on Thursday 1 May 2008. One third of the seats were up for election. The Labour Party won enough seats to become the largest party gaining 3 seats (2 from Con 1 from Lib Dem). The Conservatives had been the largest party since the 2006 Ipswich Council election.  The results came as a stark contrast which saw the Conservatives make significant gains from Labour across the country.  Particular disappointments for the Conservatives came when they lost Rushmere and Bridge to Labour and narrowly failed to gain St Margaret's from the Liberal Democrats, while narrowly holding onto St John's by a mere 3 votes.  Meanwhile, the Liberal Democrats lost Whitehouse.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Labour 21

Conservative 19

Liberal Democrat 8

Independent 0

Despite the losses, the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition continued to run the Council with a reduced majority of 6 seats.

Ipswich Borough Council
Ipswich Borough Council is the local authority for Ipswich, a non-metropolitan district with borough status in Suffolk, England. It is the second tier of a two-tier system, fulfilling functions such as refuse collection, housing and planning, with Suffolk County Council providing county council services such as transport, education and social services.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Ipswich Town Hall and has its main offices at Grafton House.
Bad Day (Justin Bieber song)
"Bad Day" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber, which appears on his second compilation album Journals (2013). It was released on November 4, 2013, The song is the fifth in Bieber's series Music Mondays, the first four being "Heartbreaker" (October 7), "All That Matters" (October 14), "Hold Tight" (October 21), and "Recovery" (October 28). Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9, 2013.

The song samples The Isley Brothers' song Footsteps in the Dark, the same song sampled for Ice Cube's breakthrough hit, It Was A Good Day.

Footsteps in the Dark
"Footsteps in the Dark" is a 1977 slow jam recorded by The Isley Brothers as an album track featured on the group's album Go for Your Guns. It was the B-side to "Groove with You", which reached number 16 on the R&B singles chart. The song is noted for its unique guitar timbre which can be heard on other Isley Brother tracks such as "Voyage to Atlantis", as well as marking Ron Isley's growing transition into singing more ballads compared to the band's earlier funk approach.

Since the 1990s, it has been sampled in numerous other songs, predominantly in the R&B and hip hop genres. Most famously, it was used in "It Was a Good Day" by California-based rapper Ice Cube.
Kruševo Republic
The Kruševo Republic (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Крушевска Република, Kruševska Republika; Aromanian: Republica di Crushuva) was a short-lived political entity, proclaimed in 1903 by rebels from the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in Kruševo during the anti-Ottoman Ilinden Uprising. According to Bulgarian and Macedonian historical narratives, in the town, which was inhabited by different Christian populations, an ephemeral "republic" with a temporary revolutionary government was proclaimed. It is viewed as a historical predecessor in North Macedonia.

Denes nad Makedonija
"Denes nad Makedonija" (Macedonian: Денес над Македонија, pronounced [ˈdɛnɛs nat makɛˈdɔnija]; lit. 'Today over Macedonia') is the national anthem of North Macedonia. Todor Skalovski composed the music and Vlado Maleski wrote the lyrics of the song in the early 1940s. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1992, almost a year after the state's independence from Yugoslavia. Before its adoption as a national anthem, it was used as the regional anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, a constituent state of Yugoslavia, before it became the national anthem of the Republic of North Macedonia.
Discontinuous-constituent phrase structure grammar
Discontinuous-constituent Phrase Structure Grammar (DCPSG) (distinct from Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar/DPSG) is a formalism for describing discontinuous phrase structures in natural language, such as verb phrases in VSO languages. The formalism was introduced in the slightly more constrained form of Discontinuous-constituent Phrase Structure Grammar with Subscripts and Deletes (DCPSGsd) in Harman (1963). DCPSGs describe a superset of the context-free languages, by means of rewrite rules that permit a limited amount of wrapping, similar to that found in Head grammar.

Phrase structure rules
Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957. They are used to break down a natural language sentence into its constituent parts, also known as syntactic categories, including both lexical categories (parts of speech) and phrasal categories. A grammar that uses phrase structure rules is a type of phrase structure grammar. Phrase structure rules as they are commonly employed operate according to the constituency relation, and a grammar that employs phrase structure rules is therefore a constituency grammar; as such, it stands in contrast to dependency grammars, which are based on the dependency relation.
Zinaida Greceanîi
Zinaida Greceanîi (Romanian: [zinaˈida greˈtʃanɨi̯]; born 7 February 1956) is a Moldovan politician. She was the president of the Moldovan Parliament between 8 June 2019 to 26 July 2021. Greceanîi was previously also the Prime Minister of Moldova from 31 March 2008 to 14 September 2009. She led the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (PSRM) from 2016 to 2020 and was previously a member of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM). She was Moldova's first female prime minister and was the second female Communist head of government in Europe, preceded only by Premier Milka Planinc of former Yugoslavia. She has been referred to by her colleagues in PSRM as the "Moldovan Margaret Thatcher".

Prime Minister of Moldova
The prime minister of Moldova (Romanian: Prim-ministrul Republicii Moldova) is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the president of Moldova and exercises executive power along with the cabinet, subject to parliamentary support. Alexandru Munteanu has been serving as prime minister since 1 November 2025.