hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blokland, Utrecht
Blokland is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Montfoort, and lies about 1 km southeast of that city, and 6 km west of IJsselstein. Blokland has a population of around 160.

Blokland was a heerlijkheid (manor), covering the entire polder "Blokland", which is the area south of the Bloklandse Dijk.

When the current municipal system was introduced in the Netherlands in 1812, Blokland became part of the municipality Montfoort for a short while. It was part of the municipality of Willeskop between 1818 and 1989, when that municipality was merged with Montfoort.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1261 as Blokelant, and means enclosed land. The postal authorities have placed it under Montfoort. Blokland has no place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 142 people.

IJsselstein
IJsselstein (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛisəlstɛin] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. IJsselstein received city rights in 1331. IJsselstein owes its name to the river Hollandse IJssel which flows through the city. It is a major commuting suburb for the Utrecht area, along with the neighbouring towns Houten and Nieuwegein (in part due to the Sneltram light rail line serving the area). It is surrounded by the municipalities of Utrecht, Montfoort, Lopik, Vijfheerenlanden and Nieuwegein.
Uncial 0200
Uncial 0200 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek-Coptic diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 7th century. The manuscript has survived in a very fragmentary condition.

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.
SMS V45
SMS V45 was a 1913 Type large torpedo boat (Großes Torpedoboot) of the Imperial German Navy during World War I. V45 was built by AG Vulcan at their Stettin shipyard, being launched on 29 March 1915 and completed on 30 September that year.

V45 served with the German 6th Torpedo Boat Flotilla for the remainder of the war, taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. The torpedo boat carried out operations in the English Channel and in the Baltic Sea, and took part in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1917.

V45 was interned at Scapa Flow following the end of the war, and was scuttled on 21 June 1919.

HMS Laverock
HMS Laverock was a Laforey-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1913 and entered service in October 1914. Laverock served through the First World War, operating with the Harwich Force and in the English Channel. She was sold for scrap in 1921.
From A to X
From A to X is a novel written by John Berger, published by Verso Books in 2008. It is a story about love, being suppressed by an authoritative totalitarianism in a fictional country. Features from military setting are included, as well as medical and pharmaceutical terms, since the two main characters are Xavier, who has been imprisoned and given two life sentences, and A'ida, a young pharmacist and Xavier's lover.

Verso Books
Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a publishing house based in London and New York City. Founded in 1970 by the staff of the New Left Review, it has Tariq Ali and Perry Anderson on its board of directors. According to its website, it is the largest independent, radical publishing house in the English-speaking world, publishing one hundred books a year. Harper's described it as "Anglo-America's preeminent radical press," and The Sunday Times called it "a rigorously intelligent publisher."
Sun Zhe
Sun Zhe (born 14 August, 1990) is a 34-year-old basketball player from China, who currently plays for the Fujian Sturgeons, a Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) team. He stands 2.20m or 7'3" tall and weighs about 270 pounds, and has thus earned the nickname "Little Yao Ming", from CCTV, China's news channel. The trademarked nickname "Little Giant" no longer belongs to Chinese basketball legend, and NBA veteran Yao Ming, according to the Xinhua News Agency. Sun played his first Chinese top professional league game on January 2, 2008 when the Guangdong club player had two points, five rebounds and five fouls in his 17 minutes on court.  According to the Taiwan News, he was not able to help his team win in the East Asian Games, though people already have big expectations for him. He is one of five players who is more than 7 feet tall on the Chinese National basketball team, which also includes Zhang Zhaoxu, Wang Zhizhi, Wang Zhelin, and Yi Jianlian.

Wang Zhelin
Wang Zhelin (Chinese: 王哲林, pronounced [wǎŋ ʈʂɤ̌lǐn]; born January 20, 1994) is a Chinese basketball player for the Shanghai Sharks in the Chinese Basketball Association. He was drafted in the second round (57th overall) in the 2016 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies.
Survival mode
Survival mode, or horde mode, is a game mode in a video game in which the player must continue playing for as long as possible without dying in an uninterrupted session while the game presents them with increasingly difficult waves of challenges. A variant of the mode requires that the player last for a certain finite amount of time or number of waves, after which victory is achieved and the mode ends. Survival mode has been compared to the gameplay of classic arcade games, where players face off against increasingly stronger waves of enemies. This mode was intended to give the game a definite and sometimes sudden ending, so that other players could then play the arcade game as well.

Game mechanics
In tabletop games and video games, game mechanics define how a game works for players. Game mechanics are the rules or ludemes that govern and guide player actions, as well as the game's response to them. A rule is an instruction on how to play, while a ludeme is an element of play, such as the L-shaped move of the knight in chess. The interplay of various mechanics determines the game's complexity and how the players interact with the game. All games use game mechanics; however, different theories disagree about their degree of importance to a game. The process and study of game design includes efforts to develop game mechanics that engage players.

Common examples of game mechanics include turn-taking, movement of tokens, set collection, bidding, capture, and spell slots.
Operation Looking Glass
Looking Glass (or Operation Looking Glass) is the historic code name for an airborne command and control center operated by the United States. Since 2016 it has been referred to as the ABNCP (Airborne National Command Post). It provides command and control of U.S. nuclear forces in the event that ground-based command centers have been destroyed or otherwise rendered inoperable.

In such an event, the general officer aboard the Looking Glass serves as the Airborne Emergency Action Officer (AEAO), and by law assumes the authority of the National Command Authority and could command execution of nuclear attacks. The AEAO is supported by a battle staff of approximately 20 people, with another dozen responsible for the operation of the aircraft systems. The name Looking Glass, which is another name for a mirror, was chosen for the Airborne Command Post because the mission operates in parallel with the underground command post at Offutt Air Force Base.

National Command Authority (United States)
The National Command Authority (NCA) is a term that was formerly used by the Department of Defense of the United States to refer to the ultimate source of lawful military orders.

The NCA was first alluded to in a 1960 Department of Defense document. It included at least the president of the United States as commander-in-chief and the secretary of defense. The term has no statutory or constitutional basis and was replaced in 2002 in favor of explicitly referring to the president and/or the secretary of defense.

The term also refers to communications with the commanding officers of the unified combatant commands to put U.S. forces into action.
2012 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 2012 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 104th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballycran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 30 September 2012 at Mitchel Park, between Portaferry and Ballycran, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. Portaferry won the match by 3–08 to 0–11 to claim their 19th championship title overall and a first title in six years.

2006 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 2006 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 98th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballygalget entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 24 September 2006 at Mitchel Park, between Portaferry and Ballycran, in what was their first meeting in the final in five years. Portaferry won the match by 1–15 to 0–14 to claim their 18th championship title overall and a first title in four years.
Wiener amalgam space
In mathematics, amalgam spaces categorize functions with regard to their local and global behavior.  While the concept of function spaces treating local and global behavior separately was already known earlier, Wiener amalgams, as the term is used today, were introduced by Hans Georg Feichtinger in 1980.  The concept is named after Norbert Wiener.

Let  be a normed space with norm . Then the Wiener amalgam space with local component  and
global component , a weighted  space with non-negative weight , is defined by

where  is a continuously differentiable, compactly supported function, such that , for all . Again, the space defined is independent of . As the definition suggests, Wiener amalgams are useful to describe functions showing characteristic local and global behavior.

Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.
Ballari district
Ballari district, formerly Bellary district (pronounced [ˈbəɭɭari]), is a major district in Karnataka. It is located in the northeastern part of Karnataka. This district belongs to Kalyana-Karnataka. This district was one of the biggest districts in Karnataka until the Vijayanagara district was carved out of Ballari district in 2021 officially.

This district has the highest deposits of iron ore in India.

Historical sites, farm land, and rich minerals characterise Ballari district. Recently making headlines within the mining industry, Ballari, the district's capital, is known as Steel City and Gani Nadu (City of Mining).

Ballari
Ballari (Kannada: [bɐɭːaːri], formerly Bellary) is a city in the Ballari district in state of Karnataka, India.

Ballari houses many steel plants such as JSW Vijayanagar, one of the largest in Asia. Ballari district is also known as the ‘Steel city of South India’. Ballari is also the headquarters for Karnataka Gramina Bank which almost has more than 1100 + branches in Karnataka.
Bromborough Pool
Bromborough Pool, also known as Bromborough Pool Village and Price's Village, is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England, to the north of Bromborough. It is situated on the Wirral Peninsula, to the south of Bebington and to the north of Eastham.

Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the urban district of Bebington, within the county of Cheshire.

Eastham, Merseyside
Eastham is a village and an electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England. Historically (until 1974), it was part of Cheshire. It is situated on the Wirral Peninsula, to the south of Bromborough and to the east of Willaston.

At the 2001 census, it had a population of 12,250, although the total ward population for the village stood at 13,637 In 2011, the villages population was not measured separately but a review was carried out for the ward. The total population had risen to 13,882.
Svadhishthana
Svadhisthana (Sanskrit: स्वाधिष्ठान, IAST: Svādhiṣṭhāna, English: "where your being is established." "Swa" means self and "adhishthana"  means established), is the second primary chakra according to Hindu Tantrism. This chakra is said to be blocked by guilt. Opening this chakra can boost creativity, manifested desire and confidence.

Muladhara
Muladhara (Sanskrit: मूलाधार or मूलाधारा; IAST: mūlādhāra, lit. "root of Existence." Mula means root and dhara means flux.) or the root chakra is one of the seven primary chakras according to Hindu tantrism. It is symbolized by a lotus with four petals and the colour pink or red.
Xyropteris
Xyropteris is a genus of ferns in the family Lindsaeaceae. It has a single described species, Xyropteris stortii, native to Sumatra and Borneo. Some sources do not recognize the genus Xyropteris, placing the species in Lindsaea as Lindsaea stortii.

Lindsaea
Lindsaea, common name necklace fern, is a genus of around 180 species of fern, 15 of which reach Australia. The name is in honour of surgeon John Lindsay of Jamaica. The genus is sometimes spelt Lindsaya.
Herbert Storing
Herbert J. Storing (January 28, 1928 – September 9, 1977) was an American political scientist with broad ranging interests who is best known for reviving the serious study of the American Founding. The constitutional theorist and American politics scholar Walter Berns called him "the most profound man I have encountered in the field of American studies."

Joseph Cropsey
Joseph Cropsey (New York, August 27, 1919 – Washington, D.C., July 1, 2012) was an American political philosopher and professor emeritus of political science at the University of Chicago, where he was also associate director of the John M. Olin Center for Inquiry into the Theory and Practice of Democracy.
Tony Smith (band manager)
John Anthony "Tony" Smith (born January 1945) is a British manager and music and film producer. He was talent manager for the rock band Genesis, for the solo careers of Phil Collins, Mike Rutherford and Tony Banks, and for Pink Floyd's Nick Mason and his band Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets.

In his early career Smith promoted shows with acts such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and the Who. He went on to co-found (with Jon Crawley) the Hit & Run Music Publishing house in 1977, located in the United Kingdom. Along with Hilary Shor, he has expanded into film production under the name Hit and Run Productions. As a film producer, he has produced Eye of the Beholder (1999) and Children of Men (2006).

In 2000, the Music Managers Foundation presented him with the Peter Grant Award.

Smith is a historic car racer and has owned an Aston Martin DB4 GT Zagato Sanction II Coupe, one of only four ever made, which in 2012 was auctioned by Bonhams for a record-breaking £1.2 million with fees.

Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets
Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets are an English rock band formed in 2018 to perform the early music of Pink Floyd. The band comprises the Pink Floyd drummer and co-founder Nick Mason, the bassist Guy Pratt, the guitarists Gary Kemp and Lee Harris, and the keyboardist Dom Beken. As many fans had discovered Pink Floyd with their bestselling 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon, Mason wanted to bring their earlier material to a wider audience.

The band made their debut in May 2018 at Dingwalls, London, before embarking on a European tour in September 2018 and a North American tour in 2019. A 2020 European tour was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2020, the band released a live album and film, Live at the Roundhouse.
2025 Frisco Bowl
The 2025 Frisco Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 23, 2025, in Frisco, Texas. Due to ongoing renovations at the bowl's usual venue, Toyota Stadium, this edition was contested at Ford Center at The Star. The eighth annual Frisco Bowl began at approximately 8:00 p.m. CST and aired on ESPN. The Frisco Bowl was one of the 2025–26 bowl games concluding the 2025 FBS football season.  The game was sponsored by coffeehouse chain Scooter's Coffee and officially known as the Scooter's Coffee Frisco Bowl.

The 2025 Frisco Bowl featured the UNLV Rebels (10–3) of the Mountain West Conference and the Ohio Bobcats (8–4) of the Mid-American Conference.  Ohio beat UNLV by a score of 17–10.

Frisco Bowl
The Frisco Bowl is an annual National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sanctioned post-season Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football bowl game played in Frisco, Texas, since December 2017. The bowl has a tie-in with the American Conference, and chooses another team at-large. The bowl's usual venue is Toyota Stadium in Frisco; the 2025 game was relocated to the nearby Ford Center at The Star.

DXL was the bowl's inaugural sponsor from 2017 to 2018, followed by Tropical Smoothie Cafe from 2019 to 2021, and Scooter's Coffee beginning in 2023.
Cheektowaga (CDP), New York
Cheektowaga is a suburban community and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 75,178 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous census-designated place in New York. It is within the town of Cheektowaga. The CDP includes Buffalo Niagara International Airport.

Cheektowaga is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Appachu Ranjan
Mandepanda Poovaiah Appachu Ranjan (born 11 September 1957) is an Indian politician who was the former Minister for Youth Services and Sports in Karnataka, a state in Southern India. He is a leader of the BJP in Karnataka and a fifth time Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly  from Madikeri Constituency in Kodagu district, Karnataka. He belongs to the Kodava Hindu community.

Kodava people
The Kodavas (Codavas or Kodagas), also called Coorgs, are an endogamous Dravidian ethnolinguistic group from the region of Kodagu in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, who natively speak the Kodava language.
 Kodavas worship ancestors, nature, and weapons such as swords, bows, arrows, and later guns.

They are traditionally land-owning agriculturists and patrilineal, with martial customs. Originally small landholders, they gained relative prosperity with the advent of coffee cultivation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The Kodava tribe forms the single largest caste in the district of Kodagu; they are reportedly over 30% of Kodagu's Hindu population, and play a major role in deciding the political candidates and winners there. The Kodava tribe also forms more than 60 percent of the Kodava-speaking population.

Kodavas are the only ethnic group in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.
Oligosoma
Oligosoma is a genus of small to medium-sized skinks (family Scincidae) found only in New Zealand, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. Oligosoma had previously been found to belong to the Eugongylus group of genera in the subfamily Lygosominae; the Australian genus Bassiana appears to be fairly closely related.

Anthony Whitaker
Anthony Hume Whitaker MNZM (5 September 1944 – 20 February 2014) was a New Zealand herpetologist, contributing a 50-year career of fieldwork, pioneering research and species discoveries. His is still the largest collection of reptile and amphibian specimens donated to Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
Torleif Ericson
Torleif Erik Oskar Ericson (born November 2, 1930) is a Swedish nuclear theoretical physicist. He is known for 'Ericson fluctuations' and the 'Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz effect'. His research has nurtured the link between nuclear and particle physics.

Exotic atom
An exotic atom is an otherwise normal atom in which one or more subatomic particles have been replaced by other particles. For example, electrons may be replaced by other negatively charged particles such as muons (muonic atoms) or pions (pionic atoms). Because these substitute particles are usually unstable, exotic atoms typically have very short lifetimes and no exotic atom observed so far can persist under normal conditions.
2011 Ankara Cup
The 2011 Ankara Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Ankara, Turkey on 19–24 December 2011.

2011 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2011 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2011 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
World Chess Championship 2010
The World Chess Championship 2010 match pitted the defending world champion, Viswanathan Anand, against challenger Veselin Topalov, for the title of World Chess Champion. The match took place in Sofia, Bulgaria from 24 April to 13 May 2010, with a prize fund of 2 million euros (60% to the winner). Anand won the final game to win the match 6½–5½ and retain the title.

The match was to be twelve games, with tie-breaks if necessary, the same format and length as the 2006 and 2008 matches.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.