hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian submarine Tver
K-456 Tver, formerly known as K-456 Vilyuchinsk (ex Kasatka), is a Russian Oscar-class submarine of the Russian Navy. It was commissioned in 1991 as part of the Russian Northern Fleet and was transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet in September 1993. The submarine is currently based at the Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base, in Vilyuchinsk, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
Until 28 January 2011 it was called Vilyuchinsk, when the name was changed to Tver.

As of 2022, it is unclear if the submarine was at sea after its last exit in 2016.

Oscar-class submarine
The Oscar class, Soviet designations Project 949 Granit and Project 949A Antey (NATO reporting names Oscar I and Oscar II respectively), are a series of nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines designed in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. First built in the 1970s, six remain  in service with the Russian Navy. Two other vessels were slated to be modernized since at least 2017 as Project 949AM, to extend their service life and increase combat capabilities but it is unclear whether work continues as of 2023.

The Project 949 submarines were the largest cruise-missile submarines in service until some Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines were converted to carry cruise missiles in 2007. They are the fourth largest class of submarines in displacement and length. Only the Soviet Typhoon-class, Russian Borei-class and American Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines are larger.
Politics of North Rhine-Westphalia
The politics of North Rhine-Westphalia takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. The two main parties are the Centre-right Christian Democratic Union and the Centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

North Rhine-Westphalia uses mixed member proportional representation in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. Every five years the citizens of North Rhine-Westphalia secretly vote in a general election to elect least 181 members of the Landtag. First-past-the-post voting determines 128 of the minimum 181 members of the Landtag. The remaining seats available to each party is determine by the party-list proportional representation. only parties who win at least 5% of the votes cast may be represented in parliament.

1980 North Rhine-Westphalia state election
The 1980 North Rhine-Westphalia state election was held on 11 May 1980 to elect the 9th Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Johannes Rau.

The result was a clear victory for the SPD, who won an absolute majority of 106 seats in the Landtag with 48.4% of the vote. The opposition Christian Democratic Union (CDU) declined to 43.2% and remained steady on 95 seats. The SPD's majority was ensured by the failure of the FDP to re-enter parliament: they fell just short of the 5% electoral threshold and lost all their seats. The SPD went on to form government alone for the first time in the state's history; Johannes Rau was re-elected Minister-President by the Landtag on 4 June.
South African Spatial Data Infrastructure
The South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI) is an initiative of the South African government that makes policies and technical standards on the use of geographical data such as maps, aerial and satellite photographs, and surveys. It also seeks to facilitate the capture, management, maintenance, integration, distribution and use of spatial information in South Africa. SASDI is under development by the Committee for Spatial Information (CSI).

Parliament passed the Spatial Data Infrastructure Act, which established the CSI, in December 2003, and the President assented to the act in February 2004.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Kürdili
38°59′21″N 49°08′14″E﻿ / ﻿38.98917°N 49.13722°E﻿ / 38.98917; 49.13722

Kürdili (also, Kür Dili, Kurinskaya Kesa, Kurinskaya Kosa, and Kurkosa) is a village in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Mikayıllı. The settlement was founded by a group of people of Russian origin at the beginning of the twentieth century when it was still located on a peninsula. In 1976, it became part of the Gizil-Agach State Reserve. In 1981, as a result of an increase in the level of the Caspian Sea, the villages of Kurkosa and Jarski ended up on an island. The government evacuated the population of Kurkosa and resettled it on the mainland, though some residents chose to stay. The last residents abandoned the village in 2013, except for one person who continued to live there as of 2017. The area of the village still forms part of the Gizil-Agach Reserve, and outsiders require a special permit to access it.

Şirvanlı, Neftchala
39°10′13″N 49°13′39″E﻿ / ﻿39.17028°N 49.22750°E﻿ / 39.17028; 49.22750

Şirvanlı (known as Jarski until 1998) is a village and municipality in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 478.
Southern Hotel (Llano, Texas)
The Southern Hotel in Llano, Texas was constructed circa 1881 by stonemasons J. K. Finlay and John Goodman in the Second Empire style for owner J.W. Owen. Originally built as a stagecoach stop between Mason and Burnet, it later served as both a hotel and a boarding house. Initially a two-story building, a third floor was added when Colonel W.A.H. Miller bought the hotel in 1883. It was later renamed the Colonial Inn and ceased operations in the 1950s.

The hotel was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1980 (Marker number 9455) and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on October 10, 1979.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
1986 Shetland Islands Council election
An election to Shetland Islands Council was held on 8 May 1986 as part of the Scottish regional elections. The election saw Labour gain another two seats on the Shetland Islands Council, and also saw the Shetland Movement contest the election on a party political platform for the first time.  The outgoing three-term Convener, A.I. Tulloch, died just one day before the election.

1986 Scottish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Scotland on Thursday 8 May 1986, under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The previous elections had been held in 1982. The elections took place a year before the Conservative's third general election victory. Elections took place in England and Wales on the same day.
Maurawan
Maurawan, also spelled Mauranwan, is a town and nagar panchayat in Purwa tehsil of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 12 km from Purwa on the road to Raebareli, and 3 km to the southwest of the town is the large Basaha lake. As of 2011, its population is 15,484, in 2,399 households.

Maurawan hosts a large Dussehra fair on Asvina Sudi 10 each year. Vendors bring wooden products, metal utensils, earthenware pots, cloth, toys, and other items to sell at the fair. The town hosts a market twice per week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays; grain, cloths, and vegetables are the main items sold. The main crops grown here are wheat, barley, gram, juwar, paddy, and pulses, while irrigation is provided mainly by a canal and by lakes.

Nawab of Awadh
The Nawab of Awadh or Nawab of Oudh /ˈaʊd/ was the title of the rulers of Kingdom of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in northern India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty of Sayyid origin of Shia Islam. from Nishapur, Iran. In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Kingdom of Awadh with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
Cable Mountain
Cable Mountain is a 6,940-foot (2,120 m) elevation Navajo Sandstone summit located in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States. Towering 2,600 feet (790 meters) above the floor of Zion Canyon at the Big Bend area, Cable Mountain is situated immediately northeast of The Great White Throne, separated by the chasm of Hidden Canyon. It is set on the east side of the North Fork Virgin River which drains precipitation runoff from this mountain. Its neighbors include Angels Landing, Cathedral Mountain, The Organ, and Observation Point. This mountain's name was officially adopted in 1934 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. It is so named in association with the draw-works which used cables to lower timber from the top of the plateau down to the valley bottom from 1901 through 1927. Wood
to construct the Zion Lodge came down the cable works. A 7.4-mile trail, much of it an old wagon road, leads to the views from the top.

Zion Canyon
Zion Canyon (also called Little Zion, Mukuntuweap, Mu-Loon'-Tu-Weap, and Straight Cañon; weap is Paiute for canyon) is a deep and narrow gorge in southwestern Utah, United States, carved by the North Fork of the Virgin River. Nearly the entire canyon is located within the eastern half of Zion National Park.
Manuel J. Fernandez
Manuel John "Pete" Fernandez, Jr. (19 April 1925 – 18 October 1980) was the third-leading American and United States Air Force ace in the Korean War. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism in Korea on March 21, 1953.

Nellis Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base ("Nellis" colloq.) is a United States Air Force installation in southern Nevada. Nellis hosts air combat exercises such as Exercise Red Flag and close air support exercises such as Green Flag-West flown in "Military Operations Area (MOA) airspace", associated with the nearby Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).  The base also has the Combined Air and Space Operations Center-Nellis.
Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Adolf of the Rhine (German: Adolf der Redliche von der Pfalz) (27 September 1300, Wolfratshausen – 29 January 1327, Neustadt) from the house of Wittelsbach was formally Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1319 to 1327.

He was the second son of Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Mechtild of Nassau. He didn't really rule because his uncle Louis IV occupied the Palatinate until an agreement with Adolf's brothers and his son Rupert II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine was concluded in Pavia in 1329.

Treaty of Pavia (1329)
The Treaty of Pavia  which divided the House of Wittelsbach into two branches, was signed in Pavia in 1329.

Under the accord, Emperor Louis IV granted during his stay in Italy the Electorate of the Palatinate (including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate) to his older brother Duke Rudolph's descendants, Rudolph II, Rupert I and Rupert II. Louis himself kept Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern) and inherited also Lower Bavaria in 1340. Rudolph I this way became the ancestor of the older (Palatinate) line of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which returned to power also in Bavaria in 1777 after the extinction of the younger (Bavarian) line, the descendants of Louis IV. It had been agreed with the Treaty of Pavia that with the extinction of one of the branches, the other branch would inherit their possessions. According to the treaty, the electoral rights should alternate but with the Golden Bull of 1356 only the Palatinate line was invested with the electoral dignity.
Kushinadahime
Kushinadahime (櫛名田比売、くしなだひめ), also known as Kushiinadahime (奇稲田姫、くしいなだひめ) or Inadahime (稲田姫、いなだひめ) among other names, is a goddess (kami) in Japanese mythology and the Shinto faith. According to these traditions, she is one of the wives of the god Susanoo, who rescued her from the monster Yamata no Orochi. As Susanoo's wife, she is a central deity of the Gion cult and worshipped at Yasaka Shrine.

Gion cult
Gion worship (祇園信仰, Gion shinkō) is a Shinto cult. Originally it revolved solely around Gozu Tenno, but during the Separation of Shinto and Buddhism of the Meiji era the government mandated it shift to revolving around Susanoo.

The main shrines are Yasaka Shrine in Kyoto, Hiromine Shrine in Hyogo Prefecture, and Tsushima Shrine in Aichi Prefecture

There are many other cults of Susanoo that are not derived from the Gion faith, but rather from indigenous Shinto traditions without Buddhist influence. These include Susa Shrine, and Yaegaki Shrine.
Naseh Talkhah-e Zarguruk-e Olya
Naseh Talkhah-e Zarguruk-e Olya (Persian: نسه تلخه زارگوروك عليا, also Romanized as Naseh Talkhah-e Zārgūrūk-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Dishmuk.
Xi'an Muslim Quarter
34°15′51″N 108°56′20″E﻿ / ﻿34.26414°N 108.93897°E﻿ / 34.26414; 108.93897

The Xi'an Muslim Quarter (Chinese: 西安回民街) is a snack and commercial street situated in the center part of Xi'an, China. It is close to the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower. Shehui Road is to the east, Zaoci Lane to the west, West Avenue to the south, and Hongfu Street to the north. There are ten mosques in the area. The biggest one is the Great Mosque, which was listed as the state-level protected heritage for its traditional buildings and religious significance. According to demographic statistics in 2010, about 60,000 people live in this area, more than half of which are the Huis and the others are the majority Hans. In the past few decades, Xi'an Muslim Quarter has become a well-known tourism site which is famous for its culture and food. It attracts visitors from all over the world each year.

Bell Tower of Xi'an
The Bell Tower of Xi'an (simplified Chinese: 西安钟楼; traditional Chinese: 西安鐘樓; pinyin: Xī'ān Zhōnglóu), built in 1384 during the early Ming dynasty, is a symbol of the city of Xi'an and one of the grandest of its kind in China and lays on the axis of the Imperial Way. The Bell Tower also contains several large bronze-cast bells from the Tang dynasty. The tower base is square and it covers an area of 1,377 m2 (14,820 sq ft). The tower is a brick and timber structure and close to 40 m (130 ft) high. It is located in the center of Xi'an, at the intersection of the four streets of the east, west, south and north. It is the largest and most preserved one amongst the many bell towers left over from the history of China.
Coded mark inversion
In telecommunication, coded mark inversion (CMI) is a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code. It encodes zero bits as a half bit time of zero followed by a half bit time of one, and while one bits are encoded as a full bit time of a constant level.  The level used for one bits alternates each time one is coded.

This is vaguely reminiscent of, but quite different from, Miller encoding, which also uses half-bit and full-bit pulses, but additionally uses the half-one/half-zero combination and arranges them so that the signal always spends at least a full bit time at a particular level before transitioning again.

CMI doubles the bitstream frequency, when compared to its simple NRZ equivalent, but allows easy and reliable clock recovery.

Clock recovery
Clock recovery is a process in serial communication used to extract timing information from a stream of serial data being sent in order to accurately determine payload sequence without separate clock information. It is widely used in data communications; the similar concept used in analog systems like color television is known as carrier recovery.
Royal Wharf
Royal Wharf is a residential and commercial development in the Silvertown area of East London, England. It is located on the north bank of the River Thames in the London Borough of Newham and was built on the former site of Minoco Wharf. It is near the Thames Barrier, west of Thames Barrier Park, and close to both West Silvertown and Pontoon Dock DLR stations.

The development is a joint venture between Ballymore Group and Singapore-listed Oxley Holdings. It includes 3,385 residential units and 10,000 square metres of retail and commercial space.

Thames Barrier
The Thames Barrier is a retractable barrier system built to protect the floodplain of most of Greater London from exceptionally high tides and storm surges moving up from the North Sea. It has been operational since 1982. When needed, it is closed (raised) during high tide; at low tide, it can be opened to restore the river's flow towards the sea. Built about 2 miles (3.2 kilometres) east of the Isle of Dogs, its northern bank is in Silvertown in the London Borough of Newham and its southern bank is in the New Charlton area of the Royal Borough of Greenwich.
Daniel Vanderpool
Daniel Isom Vanderpool (1891-1988) was a minister and general superintendent in the Church of the Nazarene.

Born September 6, 1891, in Missouri, Dr. Daniel Isom Vaderpool was converted in a Free Methodist Church and began preaching in country schoolhouses within three months. Joining the Church of the Nazarene in 1913, Dr. Vanderpool was educated at John Fletcher and Pasadena (Nazarene) colleges.

He served as district superintendent for 19 years before his election to the general superintendency in 1949. He served in this position until 1964. After retirement in that year he became general superintendent emeritus. He served churches in Colorado, Pasadena and Washington.

Vanderpool with married to Edith who died in 1928; he then married Emmalyn. He had four children. Three of his children became preachers in the Nazarene Church and the fourth married a preacher.

Death came on March 21, 1988, with burial in Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery, Phoenix, Maricopa County.

General Superintendent (Church of the Nazarene)
General Superintendent is the highest elected office within the Church of the Nazarene. General superintendents are elected by the General Assembly of the denomination for a four-year term to expire at the end of the next General Assembly.
John B. Sollenberger
John B. Sollenberger (1897–1967) was an American sports and entertainment executive closely associated with Milton S. Hershey and the development of Hershey, Pennsylvania. He was born on a farm in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. At age 16 he enrolled in a stenographic school and became an exceptional stenographer. This led to his joining the Hershey Improvement Company about two years later, and to a long association with various Hershey enterprises.

Milton S. Hershey
Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American chocolatier, businessman, and philanthropist.

Trained in the confectionery business, Hershey pioneered the manufacture of caramel, using fresh milk. He launched the Lancaster Caramel Company, which achieved bulk exports, and then sold it to start a new company supplying mass-produced milk chocolate, previously a luxury good.

The first Hershey bars were sold in 1900 and proved so popular that he was able to build his own company town of Hershey, Pennsylvania. Hershey's philanthropy extended to a boarding school, originally for local orphans, but accommodating around 2,000 students as of 2016. In World War II, the company developed a special non-melting bar for troops serving overseas. The Hershey Company, known as Hershey's, is one of the world's biggest confectionery manufacturers.
Lina Hurtig
Lina Mona Andréa Hurtig (Swedish: [ˈlîːna ˈmôːna anˈdrêːa ˈhɵ̌ʈːɪɡ]; born 5 September 1995) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian Serie A club Fiorentina and the Sweden national team.

Linköping FC
Linköping Football Club (Swedish: [ˈlɪnːˌɕøːpɪŋ]) is an association football club from Linköping, Sweden. The club was established in 2003 when Kenty DFF women's football club decided to merge with the premier division ice hockey club Linköping HC under the new name Linköping FC. The club's goal was both to establish women's football as a sport in Linköping and eventually become one of the top four teams.
Carol II of Romania's cult of personality
Carol II, the King of Romania from 1930 to 1940, was the focus of a cult of personality for much of the latter part of his reign.  The cult peaked with the suspension of the 1923 Constitution of Romania and the establishment of a "royal dictatorship" in 1938 (see 1938 Constitution of Romania, National Renaissance Front). His personality cult shared some features with Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu's own personality cult that took root three decades later. Indeed, there have been a number of suggestions that Ceaușescu was inspired by Carol's cult.

The propaganda and personality cult were tame at first, but they grew in time as Carol II carefully cultivated the image of "Conducător (leader)", "Saviour", "King of the Rebirth", "Voivode of Culture" and "Great Watchman".

Nicolae Ceaușescu's cult of personality
During the Cold War, Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu presided over the most pervasive cult of personality within the Eastern Bloc. Inspired by personality cults surrounding Kim Il Sung in North Korea and Mao Zedong in China, it started with the 1971 July Theses which reversed the liberalization of the 1960s, imposed a strict nationalist ideology, established Stalinist totalitarianism and a return to socialist realism. Initially, the cult of personality was just focused on Ceaușescu himself. By the early 1980s, however, his wife, Elena Ceaușescu—one of the few spouses of a Communist leader to become a power in her own right—was also a focus of the cult.