hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upper Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Gwynedd Township ( /ˈɡwɪnɛd/) is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. At the time of the 2010 census, the population was 15,552. North Wales Borough is surrounded by Upper Gwynedd Township on all sides. Many homes and businesses with North Wales addresses are actually in Upper Gwynedd. Many properties with Lansdale addresses are in Upper Gwynedd as well. It is part of the North Penn Valley region that is centered around the borough of Lansdale.

Station Square, one of the first new transit oriented developments in the Delaware Valley, is located in Upper Gwynedd on the border with Lansdale. It is across the street from Pennbrook Station with SEPTA rail service to Philadelphia.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Waliso (woreda)
Waliso is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Walisona Goro Aanaa what was separated for Goro (Aanaa) and Waliso Aanaa and Waliso Town. Part of the Southwest Shewa Zone, it was bordered on the south by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Amaya, on the northwest by Wonchi, on the north by Dawo, on the northeast by Becho and on the east by Saden Soddo. Towns in Waliso include  Waliso and Dilala.

Although coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda, less than 2,000 hectares is planted with this crop.

Seden Sodo
Seden Sodo is one of the woredas  in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. it is bordered on the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Gedebeno Gutezer Wereda or Gurage zone on the west by weliso, by north by Bacho wereda  on the northeast by Tole wereda, and on the east by Kersa Malima. The major town in Seden Sodo is Harbu Chulule.
Eley Peak
Eley Peak (79°39′S 84°20′W﻿ / ﻿79.650°S 84.333°W﻿ / -79.650; -84.333) is a small rock peak (2311m) in the northern part of the Soholt Peaks, overlooking the head of Balish Glacier in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Richard G. Eley, a U.S. Navy photographer on flights over Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, 1965–66 and 1966–67. It was first climbed on 20 December 2013, by Ralf Laier, Pachi Ibarra and Seth Timpano in Alpine style during their traverse of the Soholt Peaks.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Tingena serena
Tingena serena is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in Southland and Dunedin. The adults of this species are on the wing in December and January.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
King Fahd Naval Academy
The King Fahd Naval Academy (Arabic: كلية الملك فهد البحرية) is the main naval academy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the Royal Saudi Navy, located inside King Abdulaziz Naval Base in Jubail, which also hosts the navy's Western Fleet.

The academy was established in 1986 and is modeled on the Britannia Royal Naval College of the Royal Navy in Dartmouth, United Kingdom.

The academy maintains close relations with the Royal Navy, and on several occasions British instructors visit to train the Saudi cadets. Saudi naval cadets from the King Fahd Academy also frequently study at the Britannia Royal Naval College. Cadets from other GCC countries, such as Bahrain, also attend the King Fahd Naval Academy.

Naval academy
A naval academy provides education for prospective naval officers. A naval academy, or naval war college, is a military institution that provides training to a country's naval forces, its students, and its future officers. It trains personnel for professions such as marines, armorers, gunners, engineers, technicians, logistics specialists, communications and information systems specialists, and naval military police. Aviation options include pilot training, naval aviation, air command and control, air defense, naval aviation maintenance, and aircraft supply.
2021 Belgrade Challenger
The 2021 Belgrade Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Belgrade, Serbia between 12 and 18 April 2021.

For the first time, a women's tournament was also held between 26 and 31 July, categorized as a WTA 125 event at the same venue, which was part of 2021 WTA 125K series.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Folly Farm, Sulhamstead
Folly Farm is an Arts and Crafts style country house in Sulhamstead, West Berkshire, England. Built around a small farmhouse dating to c. 1650, the house was substantially extended in William and Mary style by architect Edwin Lutyens c. 1906, and further extended by him in vernacular style c. 1912. It is a Grade I listed building. The gardens, designed by Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll, are Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. They are among the best-known gardens of the Lutyens/Jekyll partnership.

Gertrude Jekyll
Gertrude Jekyll VMH (/ˈdʒiːkəl/ JEE-kəl; 29 November 1843 – 8 December 1932) was a British horticulturist, garden designer, craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist.  She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by British and American gardening enthusiasts.
Bushcaddy L-162 Max
The Bushcaddy L-162 Max is a Canadian kit aircraft that was designed by Sean Gilmore and produced by Canadian Light Aircraft Sales and Service and most recently by Bushcaddy. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Euthanasia in Switzerland
Active euthanasia is illegal in Switzerland (administration by a third-party), but supplying the means for dying is legal (assisted suicide), as long as the action which directly causes death is performed by the one wishing to die. Assisted suicide in the country has been legal since 1941, and Switzerland was the first country in the world to permit any kind of assisted dying. In 2014, a total of 752 assisted suicides were performed (330 men, 422 women), compared to 1,029 non-assisted suicides (754 men, 275 women); most of the assisted suicides concerned elderly people suffering from a terminal disease. In what critics have termed suicide tourism, Swiss euthanasia organisations have been widely used by foreigners. As of 2008, German citizens were 60 percent of the total number of suicides assisted by the organisation Dignitas.

Dignitas (non-profit organisation)
Dignitas is a Swiss non-profit organisation providing physician-assisted suicide, supported by independent Swiss doctors. By the end of 2020, they had assisted 3,248 people die by suicide in Switzerland. They provide advisory work on palliative care, health care advance directives, suicide attempt prevention, and legislation for right-to-die laws around the world.

Members who wish to end their life must be able to prove they are of sound mind, as determined by the organisation; be themselves able to bring about death; and submit a formal request including a letter explaining their wish to die and medical reports showing diagnosis and attempted treatment. For people with severe psychiatric illness, an in-depth medical report prepared by a psychiatrist is additionally required per a Swiss Supreme Court decision.
Jewish views on astrology
Astrology has been a topic of debate among Jews for over 2000 years. While not a Jewish practice or teaching as such, astrology made its way into Jewish thought, as can be seen in the many references to it in the Talmud. Astrological statements became accepted and worthy of debate and discussion by Torah scholars. Opinions varied: some rabbis rejected the validity of astrology; others accepted its validity but forbid practicing it; still others thought its practice to be meaningful and permitted. In modern times, as science has rejected the validity of astrology, many Jewish thinkers have similarly rejected it; though some continue to defend the pro-astrology views that were common among premodern Jews.

In premodern periods, astrology was known as ḥāk̲əmaṯ ham-mazzāloṯ (Hebrew: חָכְמַת הַמַּזָּלוֹת, romanized: Ḥāk̲əmat̲ hammazzāloṯ), "the science of the constellations".

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Submarine Force
A Submarine Force or Submarine Service is the branch of a navy responsible for operating submarines.

Argentine Submarine Force

Brazilian Submarine Force Command

People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force (China)

Pakistan Navy Submarine Force

Royal Australian Navy Submarine Service

Royal Navy Submarine Service

Royal Netherlands Navy Submarine Service

Submarine Forces of France

Submarine force, Vietnam People's Navy

Submarine force, Vietnam People's Navy
The Submarine Force is a component and virtual combat arms of the Vietnam People's Navy which deals with submarine warfare.

The force is made up of 6 Russian made Kilo-class submarines.

Currently, the force consists of the 196th Submarine-Commando Bridage and the 189th Submarine Brigade.
VA Medical Center station (DART)
VA Medical Center station is a DART rail station in Dallas, Texas. The station is located in the median of Lancaster Road (SH 342) at the entrance to the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center and serves the Blue Line.

As of May 2025, the station has the lowest weekend ridership of all Blue Line stations, with an average of 222 riders on Saturdays and 178 riders on Sundays.

The station opened on May 31, 1997.

Blue Line (DART)
The Blue Line is a light rail line in the system of mass transit in Dallas, Texas (USA), operated by the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system.  Along with the Red Line, it is one of the original modern rail lines in Dallas.
ICP Amigo
The ICP Amigo (English: Friend) is an Italian homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by ICP srl of Piovà Massaia. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Production was ended and, as of January 2013, the Amigo is no longer listed by ICP as one of their current products.

ICP srl
45°01′40″N 7°57′50″E﻿ / ﻿45.0277268°N 7.9637570°E﻿ / 45.0277268; 7.9637570

ICP srl is an Italian wiring harness, automotive brake wear indicator and aircraft manufacturer founded by Tancredi (Edi) Razzano in 1980 and originally based in Piovà Massaia. The company relocated to Castelnuovo Don Bosco in Piedmont on 10 September 2009. ICP specializes in the design and manufacture of kit aircraft for amateur construction.
Brake wear indicator
A brake wear indicator is used to warn the operator of a vehicle that the brake pad is in need of replacement. The main area of use for this is on motor vehicles with more than three wheels. However brake wear indicators are also useful for brake pads in industrial applications, including wind turbines and cranes.

This article refers to disc brakes as an example, but the principle is the same for other types of friction brakes.

Maintenance
The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Terms such as "predictive" or "planned" maintenance describe various cost-effective practices aimed at keeping equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a potential failure.
Mudke Dhariwal
Mudke Dhariwal  (Urdu: مُدكے دهارِيوال), is a town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kasur Tehsil and is located at 31°15'4N 74°3'52E with an altitude of 196 metres (646 feet). The village belongs to the HASHMI tribe of the Dhariwal.

Kasur District
Kasur District is a district within the Lahore Division of Punjab, Pakistan. It was established on 1 July 1976; prior to its creation, the area comprised two tehsils (Kasur Tehsil and Chunian Tehsil) of Lahore District. According to the 2023 Pakistani census Kasur District had a population of 4,081,568 (4.8 million).

The district capital is Kasur city, the birth city of the Sufi poet Bulleh Shah, who is well known in that region as well as in the whole of Pakistan. The total area of the district is 3,995 square kilometres.

There is a DHQ hospital in Kasur city which has been recently named as Bulleh Shah Hospital. There is a THQ Hospital in each of its tehsils. Apart from main hospitals, there are 12 rural health centers and 82 basic health units in Kasur district.
Vimal Arora
Lieutenant General Dr Vimal Arora (PVSM, AVSM, VSM & Bar) is a retired Indian Army officer and dental surgeon who served as Director General of Dental Services in the Armed Forces Medical Services (Indian Army Dental Corps). Following his military retirement in 2015, he became Chief Clinical Officer of Clove Dental.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Stowe Township, Pennsylvania
Stowe Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 6,362 at the 2010 census.

It is located in the Sto-Rox School District, which serves both Stowe Township and the neighboring borough of McKees Rocks. All locations in Stowe Township have McKees Rocks addresses.

Stowe Township has partnered with the Allegheny Together organization to revitalize its main business district on Broadway Avenue.

The area is served by Port Authority bus routes 21, 22, and 24.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Doxa Drama F.C.
Doxa Drama Football Club (Greek: Δόξα Δράμας) is a Greek professional football club based in the city of Drama, Macedonia, Greece. Founded in 1918, the club's home ground since then has been Doxa Drama Stadium.

Doxa Drama is considered one of the most historic and major teams of Greece and was one of the founding members of the Super League, the first tier of Greek football.

Football League (Greece)
The Football League (Greek: Φούτμπολ Λιγκ), also officially known as Beta Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Β΄ Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'Second National Division'), was second-tier professional men's association football league in Greece since its inception in 1962 as Beta Ethniki and until 2019. It then served as a third-tier professional men's association football league after the creation of the Greek Super League 2 as the new second-tier professional men's association football league and it was eventually abolished in 2021 when the 2021–22 Super League 2 went from a 12 team to a 36 team league, absorbing most of the clubs from the Football League.
Michel-Marie Poulain
Michel-Marie Poulain (born 5 December 1906, Nogent-sur-Marne, died 9 February 1991, Mandelieu-la-Napoule) was a French transgender performer and self-taught painter whose work was influenced by Matisse and by Raoul and Jean Dufy, and whose style and technique were compared to those of Bernard Buffet and Marc Chagall.

Raoul Dufy
Raoul Dufy (French pronunciation: [ʁaul dyfi]; 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French painter associated with the Fauvist movement. He gained recognition for his vibrant and decorative style, which became popular in various forms, such as textile designs, and public building decorations. Dufy is most remembered for his artwork depicting outdoor social gatherings. In addition to painting, he was skilled in various other fields, including drawing, printmaking, book illustration, scenic design, furniture design, and planning public spaces.
Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu
Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu (? – fl. 539) was Empress of Japan as the consort of Emperor Senka. She gave birth to five children. Tachibana no Nakatsu was the daughter of Emperor Ninken and Princess Kasuga no Ōiratsume. She became empress dowager from 539.

Empress of Japan
The empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.
Rubashkin family
The Rubashkin family (Yiddish: רובאַשקין) is a family of American Hasidic Jews of the Chabad-Lubavitch  movement of Brooklyn, New York, headed by Aaron Rubashkin. Members of the family were or are active in various family businesses, most of them in the family's main business, kosher meat, for which they earned the title "kosher meat dynasty". The tight-knit family has been influential in its local area and is well known among religious Jews for its charity.

Some of the family's activities have been controversial, and several its members have been the subject of legal investigations and convictions.

Milton Balkany
Milton Yehoshua Balkany (born 1946) is an American Orthodox Jewish, past director of the Jewish  girls′ school Bais Yaakov of Midwood, conservative political activist and fundraiser from Brooklyn, New York, dubbed "the Brooklyn Bundler."
Marshal's star
The Marshal's Star (Russian: маршальская звезда, romanized: marshalskaya zvezda) is an additional badge of rank worn by marshals of the armed forces of the Soviet Union, and subsequently the Russian Federation.

Army General (Soviet rank)
Army general (Russian: генерал армии, romanized: general armii) was a rank of the Soviet Union which was first established in June 1940 as a high rank for Red Army generals, inferior only to the marshal of the Soviet Union. In the following 51 years the Soviet Union created 133 generals of the army, 32 of whom were later promoted to the rank of marshal of the Soviet Union. It is a direct counterpart of the Russian Federation's  "Army general" rank.
Texas Aircraft Stallion
The Texas Aircraft Stallion is a Brazilian and American special light-sport aircraft under development by INPAER of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, for production by its sister company, Texas Aircraft Manufacturing of Hondo, Texas. The chief designer is Caio Jordão. Intended for personal use and flight training, the design is expected to be first publicly shown at Sun 'n Fun in Lakeland, Florida in April 2024. The aircraft is intended to be supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

As of July 2023 one prototype had been built and flown by INPAER in Brazil.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.