hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Van Rensselaer Lower Manor House
The Van Rensselaer Lower Manor is located on the east side of Claverack, New York, United States. State Route 23 passes to the south. The manor is a combination of two 18th-century houses, one stone and the other frame, later connected with a hyphen. They were combined into one building and sided in wood.

One local historian called the result a "growth" that no longer had any architectural merit. It retains much of its original interior layout, finishes and fenestration.

One of the houses was among the earliest built in the region. The structure continued to be expanded. As its name suggests, it was used by the Van Rensselaer family to maintain a presence on the southern boundary of their family lands during the colonial era.

In 1998 the Lower Manor and an associated barn were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Claverack-Red Mills, New York
Claverack-Red Mills, commonly known as Claverack, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 953 at the 2020 census.

The census region is in the western part of the town of Claverack and derives its name from the two hamlets of Claverack and Red Mills.

The community has a number of historic buildings, including the Harriet Phillips Bungalow. From 1779 to 1902, Claverack College operated in the village.
Confederate Monument in Danville
The Confederate Monument in Danville, originally located between Centre College and the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Main and College Streets in Danville, Kentucky, was a monument dedicated to the Confederate States of America that is on the National Register of Historic Places. The monument was dedicated in 1910 by the surviving veterans of the Confederacy of Boyle County, Kentucky and the Kate Morrison Breckinridge Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). In 2021, it was relocated to a museum in Meade County, Kentucky.

Centre College
Centre College, formally Centre College of Kentucky, is a private liberal arts college in Danville, Kentucky, United States. Chartered by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1819, the college is a member of the Associated Colleges of the South and the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities. It has an enrollment of about 1,400 students.
Highlaws
Highlaws is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme Abbey in Cumbria, England. It is situated approximately two-and-a-quarter miles south-west of Abbeytown, one-and-a-half miles east of Pelutho, and one mile to the north of Aldoth. Other nearby settlements include Mawbray, four-and-a-quarter miles to the south-west, Blitterlees, three miles to the north-west, Blackdyke, two-and-a-quarter miles due north, and Foulsyke. Carlisle, Cumbria's county town, is located twenty miles to the north-east.

Pelutho
Pelutho is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria,  historically in Cumberland, England.

It is situated on the B5301 road between the towns of Aspatria and Silloth. The village of Mawbray is located 3.0 miles (5 kilometres)  to the south-west, and the village of Abbeytown is located 3.5 miles (6 kilometres)  to the north-east. Carlisle, is located 21.5 miles (35 kilometres)  to the east.
Cackleshaw
Cackleshaw is a hamlet in West Yorkshire, England. It is located about one-third of a mile (0.5 km) east of Oakworth in the Worth Valley area of the City of Bradford. The name of the hamlet has been recorded historically as Cackeleshawe, Cackelshay, Cackwelshey and Cockleshaw. This derives from the Old English of kakele (a cackler, or a nickname) and Sceagh, which means copse.

Historically, the main occupation in the hamlet was farming, with much of the land tenanted from the Duke of Devonshire's estate.

Cackleshaw is on the 11-mile (18 km) circular Worth Way walk which starts and ends in Keighley. The walk follows the river and railway first up, then down the Worth Valley.

Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
The Keighley & Worth Valley Railway (KWVR) is a 5-mile-long (8 km) heritage railway in the Worth Valley, West Yorkshire, England, which runs from Keighley to Oxenhope. It connects to the National Rail network at Keighley railway station.
Calca, South Australia
Calca is a small township around 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Streaky Bay, on the southern border of the Calpatanna Waterhole Conservation Park, Eyre Peninsula.

The land was occupied by James Baird (for whom nearby Baird Bay was named), calling it "Kolka" (Aboriginal for 'stars'). Baird, also referred to as Henry Baird, was killed by Aborigines in 1850. A pastoral lease was held by Adam Borthwick from 10 February 1856 (lease no. 554).

The postcode for Calca is 5671.

The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Calca had a population of 9 people.

Calca is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Flinders and the local government area of the District Council of Streaky Bay.

Streaky Bay, South Australia
Streaky Bay (formerly Flinders) is a coastal town on the western side of the Eyre Peninsula, in South Australia just off the Flinders Highway, 303 km (188 mi) north-west of Port Lincoln and 727 km (452 mi) by road from Adelaide. At the 2021 census, Streaky Bay recorded a population of 1,436.

The town of Streaky Bay is the major population centre of the District Council of Streaky Bay, and the centre of an agricultural district farming cereal crops and sheep, as well as having established fishing and tourism industries.
1452/1453 mystery eruption
A mysterious volcanic eruption in 1452 or 1453 triggered the first large sulfate spike in the 1450s, succeeded by another spike in 1458 caused by another mysterious eruption. The eruption caused a severe volcanic winter, leading to one of the strongest cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere. This date also coincides with a substantial intensification of the Little Ice Age.

Volcanic winter
A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly explosive volcanic eruption. Climate effects are primarily dependent upon the amount of injection of SO2 and H2S into the stratosphere where they react with OH and H2O to form H2SO4 on a timescale of a week, and the resulting H2SO4 aerosols produce the dominant radiative effect. Volcanic stratospheric aerosols cool the surface by reflecting solar radiation and warm the stratosphere by absorbing terrestrial radiation for several years. Moreover, the cooling trend can be further extended by atmosphere–ice–ocean feedback mechanisms. These feedbacks can continue to maintain the cool climate long after the volcanic aerosols have dissipated.
Pocomoke City Chicks
The Pocomoke City Chicks were a minor league baseball team based in Pocomoke City, Maryland. They played in the Class-D Eastern Shore League from 1922 to 1940. In 1922 and 1923, the team was called the Pokomoke City Salamanders.  From 1937 to 1939, the team was known as the Pocomoke City Red Sox before changing the name for its final season. They were an affiliate of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1937.

Pocomoke City, Maryland
Pocomoke City, dubbed "the friendliest town on the Eastern Shore", is a city in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Although renamed in a burst of civic enthusiasm in 1878, the city is regularly referred to by its inhabitants simply as Pocomoke /ˈpoʊkoʊmoʊk/. The population was 4,295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Pocomoke City is a center for commerce on the lower shore, home to an industrial park currently playing host to defense contractors, aerospace engineering, and plastics fabrication. Pocomoke City is located near the Wallops Island Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Virginia.
Karagandy-Arena
Karagandy-Arena (Kazakh: Қарағанды-Арена) is an ice hockey indoor arena in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. It opened in 2011 and holds approximately 5,500 people. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of Saryarka Karagandy hockey club. It is also used for concerts, exhibitions and as a skating rink.

The first game in Karagandy Arena took place in 2012, with Barys Astana-2. Since then, it has been host to a number of events.

Saryarka Karagandy
Hockey Club Saryarka (Kazakh: Сарыарқа хоккей клубы;  Saryarqa Hokei Kluby; Russian: Хоккейный клуб Сарыарка), commonly referred as Saryarka Karagandy, is a professional ice hockey team based in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. They Currently play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship.
Rimbaud (crater)
Rimbaud is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Rimbaud is named for French poet Arthur Rimbaud.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

To the north of Rimbaud is the crater Vincente.  To the south are the craters Keats, Dickens, and Han Kan.  One of the rays of Han Kan crosses Rimbaud.

Dickens (crater)
Dickens is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 78 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Dickens is named for the English novelist Charles Dickens, who lived from 1812 to 1870.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

The crater Keats is north of Dickens, Han Kan is to the northeast, and Martí is to the southwest.

Mariner 10 image with Dickens right of center

Exaggerated color image by MESSENGER with Dickens right of center

Han Kan (bottom center), Van Gogh (upper left), and Dickens (right) craters
Quakerstown
Quakerstown (Irish: Baile na gCaecar) is a townland in the Barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located between Shinrone and Ballingarry in the civil parish of Ballingarry.  Archives on the Placenames Database of Ireland indicate that a ruined Quaker meeting house stood here in 1840.

Ballingarry, North Tipperary
Ballingarry  (Irish: Baile an Gharraí) is a civil parish and a townland in the barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary in Ireland. It is located on the N52 between Borrisokane and Birr. Ballingarry townland has an area of 5.3 square kilometres (2 sq mi), and had a population of 170 people as of the 2011 census.
Marvel Mangaverse
The Marvel Mangaverse is a series of comic books published by Marvel Comics from 2000 to 2002, with a sequel, New Mangaverse, released in 2006.

The series is set in an alternate universe to the Marvel universe, where its characters are portrayed in a manga-like style. Four volumes were published, with Volumes 1 and 2 being connected by a story arc featuring multiple Marvel characters and Volumes 3 and 4 having stories focusing on Spider-Man and an alternate version of Jean Grey, respectively.

The 2005 edition of Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe designates Marvel Mangaverse as Earth-2301 in the Marvel multiverse. Most of the artwork for Volume 1 was shared between different artists, each of whom contributed to one issue, with book-ends by Ben Dunn, who also did artwork for Volume 2. The artwork for the miniseries New Mangaverse: The Rings of Fate was done by Tom Hanks.

Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe
The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe is an encyclopedic guide which details the fictional universe featured in Marvel Comics publications. The original 15-volume series was published in comic book format in 1982, followed by sporadic updates.
2011 Sony Ericsson Open
The 2011 Sony Ericsson Open (also known as 2011 Miami Masters), a men's and women's tennis tournament, was held from March 22 to April 3, 2011. It was the 27th edition of the Miami Masters event and played on outdoor hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Miami, United States. The tournament was a part of 2011 ATP World Tour and 2011 WTA Tour, classified as ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and Premier Mandatory event respectively.

Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April. The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.

The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world. It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Following the Indian Wells Open, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.

In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments.
Piz Cristanas
Piz Cristanas is a mountain in the Sesvenna Range of the Alps, located east of S-charl in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range between the Val Sesvenna and the Val d'Uina, a few hundred metres west of the Italian border.

S-charl
S-charl is a village in the municipality of Scuol, located in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. The village lies in the Engadin region, at 1,810 metres in the Val S-charl south of Scuol, in the Sesvenna Range (Swiss Alps).

Häuser oberhalb von S-charl.

Wildfutterplatz.

Brücke über die Clemgia.

Zentrum
George Hirst (virologist)
George Keble Hirst, M.D. (March 2, 1909 – January 22, 1994) was an American virologist and science administrator who was among the first to study the molecular biology and genetics of animal viruses, especially influenza virus. He directed the Public Health Research Institute in New York City (1956–1981), and was also the founding editor-in-chief of Virology, the first English-language journal to focus on viruses. He is particularly known for inventing the hemagglutination assay, a simple method for quantifying viruses, and adapting it into the hemagglutination inhibition assay, which measures virus-specific antibodies in serum. He was the first to discover that viruses can contain enzymes, and the first to propose that virus genomes can consist of discontinuous segments. The New York Times described him as "a pioneer in molecular virology."

Viral envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
Mechel
Mechel (Russian: ПАО «Мечел») is one of Russia's mining and metals companies, comprising producers of coal, iron ore in concentrate, steel, rolled steel products.  Headquartered in Moscow, it sells its products in Russia and overseas, and is formally known as Public Joint Stock Company Mechel.

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Hristo Marinov
Hristo Marinov (born March 14, 1987, Stara Zagora) is a male wrestler from Bulgaria.  He competes in men's -84 kg Greco-Roman wrestling.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics he was knocked out after his first match which he lost to Kazakh wrestler Daniyal Gadzhiyev.

Daniyal Gadzhiyev
Daniyal Gadzhiyev (born 20 February 1986 in Kizilyurt, Dagestan ASSR, Soviet Union) is a Kazakhstani born-Dagestani wrestler who competes for Republic of Kazakhstan. He won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Greco-Roman men's 84 kg event.
Ab Gavan-e Bozorg
Ab Gavan-e Bozorg (Persian: ابگاون بزرگ, also Romanized as Āb Gāvān-e Bozorg) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, it had a population of 101 in 17 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Javardeh.
Unmanned Systems Forces (Russia)
The Unmanned Systems Forces (Russian: Войска беспилотных систем [ВБС], romanized: Voyska bespilotnykh sistem [VBS]) is a branch of the Russian Armed Forces dedicated to drone warfare. It was established on 11 November 2025.

The Unmanned Systems Forces conduct drone warfare using unmanned military drones on land, sea, and air. The establishment of the VBS is a formal recognition by the Russian military of the centrality of drone warfare and autonomous systems in contemporary conflicts, as well as Russian efforts to reorganise training, force structure, development, and provisioning related to drone warfare.

First-person view (remote control)
First-person view (FPV), also known as remote-person view (RPV), or video piloting, is a method used to control a remote-controlled vehicle from the driver or pilot's viewpoint. Most commonly it is used to pilot a radio-controlled aircraft or other type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a military drone. The operator gets a first-person perspective from an onboard camera that feeds video to FPV goggles or a monitor.  More sophisticated setups include a pan-and-tilt gimbaled camera controlled by a gyroscope sensor in the pilot's goggles and with dual onboard cameras, enabling a true stereoscopic view.
Mogens Pedersøn
Mogens Pedersøn (also Mogens Pedersen, Magno Petreo; c. 1583 – January or February 1623) was a Danish instrumentalist and composer. He is considered the most important Danish-born composer before Buxtehude.

Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is the longest of any Scandinavian monarch.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish-Norwegian kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdoms a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark-Norway in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark-Norway some of its conquered territories.
He rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.
Jean-Baptiste Le Paon
Jean-Baptiste Le Paon (1736/1738 - 1785) was a French painter and onetime military man known for his works depicting military battle scenes.

Through his uncle he was able to study under the Venetian painter of battle scenes Francesco Casanova.

He later became the principal painter to the war hero Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé and adorned the Palais Bourbon which the royal had purchased with battle scenes.

The Lafayette Memorial at Prospect Park in Brooklyn, New York City was executed according to the painting of the Marquis, Lafayette at Yorktown created by Le Paon. The aforementioned painting is now in the permanent collection of Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.

Works by Le Paon

Lafayette at Yorktown, circa 1783-1785 (Lafayette College)

The Prince of Nassau and the Chevalier d'Oraison combating a jaguar on the coast of Argentina, 1784

Francesco Giuseppe Casanova
Francesco Giuseppe Casanova (1 June 1727, London – 8 July 1803, near Mödling) was an Italian painter who specialised in battle scenes. His older brother was Giacomo Casanova, the famous adventurer, and his younger brother was Giovanni Casanova; also a well-known painter.
Coatzacoalcos
Coatzacoalcos (Spanish: [koatsakoˈalkos]; formerly known as Puerto México; Nahuatl languages: Koatzakwalko; Zapotec: Niniashi; Popoluca: Puertu) is a major port city in the southern part of the Mexican state of Veracruz, mostly on the western side of the Coatzacoalcos River estuary, on the Bay of Campeche, on the southern Gulf of Mexico coast. The city serves as the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name. The city had a 2020 census population of 212,540, making it the third-largest city in the state after Veracruz and Xalapa. The municipality covers a surface area of 471.16 km2 (181.916 sq mi) and reported a population of 310,698 persons. The municipality population in 2015 was 319,187 a decrease of 9% over 2020.

Salina Cruz
Salina Cruz is a major seaport on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is the state's fourth-largest city and is the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name.  
It is part of the Tehuantepec District in the west of the Istmo Region.
The city had a 2020 census population of 76,660, while its municipality, with an area of 131.9 km2 (50.9 sq mi) had a population of 84,438, the state's fifth-largest municipality in population.

The port was developed in the late 19th century due to its location at the southern terminus of the Tren Interoceánico, which carried freight across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Olo (color)
Olo is an imaginary color that can be seen by shooting lasers into the retina to isolate the response of M cone cells.

It is impossible to view olo under normal viewing conditions, due to the overlapping sensitivities of M cone cells and S and L cone cells in all wavelengths of visible light that evoke them. In other words, there is no monochromatic stimulus (the purest type of stimulus that humans can perceive) that activates only the M cones. This means that olo is outside the visible gamut. To get around this, researchers mapped a portion of the retina and individually identified each cone cell as either an S, M, or L cone. They then used lasers to deliver tiny doses of light, ideally, exclusively to the M cone cells.

The researchers claim that the color corresponding in sRGB to the hexadecimal code #00FFCC is the most chromatic color inside the sRGB gamut that has a similar hue to olo.

SRGB
sRGB (standard RGB) is a color space, for use on monitors, printers, and the World Wide Web. It was initially proposed by HP and Microsoft in 1996 and became an official standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as IEC 61966-2-1:1999. It is the current standard colorspace for the web, and it is usually the assumed colorspace for images that do not have an embedded color profile.

The sRGB standard uses the same color primaries and white point as the ITU-R BT.709 standard for HDTV, but a different transfer function (or gamma) compatible with the era's CRT displays, and assumes a viewing environment closer to typical home and office viewing conditions. Matching the behavior of PC video cards and CRT displays greatly aided sRGB's popularity.