hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Landau–Ramanujan constant
In mathematics and the field of number theory, the Landau–Ramanujan constant is the positive real number b that occurs in a theorem proved by Edmund Landau in 1908, stating that for large , the number of positive integers below  that are the sum of two square numbers behaves asymptotically as

This constant b was rediscovered in 1913 by Srinivasa Ramanujan, in the first letter he wrote to G.H. Hardy.

Mathematical constant
A mathematical constant is a number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as e and π occurring in such diverse contexts as geometry, number theory, statistics, and calculus.

Some constants arise naturally by a fundamental principle or intrinsic property, such as the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle (π). Other constants are notable more for historical reasons than for their mathematical properties. The more popular constants have been studied throughout the ages and computed to many decimal places.

All named mathematical constants are definable numbers, and usually are also computable numbers (Chaitin's constant being a significant exception).
Stepan Krasheninnikov
Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov (Russian: Степа́н Петро́вич Крашени́нников; November 11 [O.S. October 31] 1711 – March 8 [O.S. February 25] 1755) was a Russian explorer of Siberia, naturalist and geographer who gave the first full description of Kamchatka in the early 18th century. He was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1745. The Krasheninnikov Volcano on Kamchatka is named in his honour.

Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov
Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov (Russian: Влади́мир Лео́нтьевич Комаро́в; 13 October [O.S. 1 October] 1869 – 5 December 1945) was a Russian botanist who served as President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1936 until his death in 1945.

Komarov was senior editor of the Flora of the USSR, a comprehensive catalog of Soviet plant species (in full comprising 30 volumes published between 1934 and 1960).
Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes
Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes is the fourth studio album by Canadian hardcore punk band SNFU. It was released in 1993 on Epitaph Records, the first of three SNFU releases on this label.  Despite being released during the height of the third wave of punk rock by the revival's best-selling independent label and selling modestly well, the album was not commercially successful.

Marc Belke
Marc Belke (born February 1, 1965, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian musician and former radio personality.  He played guitar in the punk and alternative rock bands SNFU and The Wheat Chiefs, and sang lead vocals in the latter.  He was later an on-air personality with Rogers based in Victoria, British Columbia.
Luzern Verkehrshaus railway station
Luzern Verkehrshaus railway station (German: Bahnhof Luzern Verkehrshaus) is a railway station in the city of Lucerne, in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Lucerne–Immensee line of Swiss Federal Railways. The station is directly adjacent to the Swiss Museum of Transport. Connections to the Lake Lucerne Navigation Company's ferries on Lake Lucerne are available at the Verkehrshaus-Lido landing stage on the other side of the museum from the station.

The station was opened in 2007. Previously a service station "Würzenbach" was located there.

Lucerne S-Bahn
The Lucerne S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Luzern) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail network focusing on Lucerne in Central Switzerland.

Opened on 12 December 2004, the network forms part of the Central Switzerland S-Bahn project (German: S-Bahn Zentralschweiz), which also includes the Zug Stadtbahn (German: Stadtbahn Zug).

The system connects to services of Aargau S-Bahn, Bern S-Bahn and Zurich S-Bahn. At larger stations, notably Arth-Goldau, Lucerne and Zug, its lines also connect to long-distance trains (RE, IR, IC, EC). It also connects to mountain railways, such as the Pilatus Railway or the Arth-Rigi railway. Lakeside stations are often close to landing sites served by the Lake Lucerne Navigation Company.
Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine.  In Watson–Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
Die Verurteilung des Lukullus
Die Verurteilung des Lukullus (The Condemnation of Lucullus) is an opera by Paul Dessau to a libretto by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht.

Brecht's dramatic text for the opera is more or less identical to that of the radio-play The Trial of Lucullus, which was written in 1938–9.

The Trial of Lucullus
The Trial of Lucullus is a short didactic radio play by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht written in verse. It was completed in 1940. In it, the great Roman general Lucullus appears after death before a judge and jury of the underworld, who are to decide whether he should be condemned to Hades or admitted to the Elysian fields. The jury, representing the lower classes, allows Lucullus to call as witnesses portrayed on a triumphal frieze. All the evidence is against Lucullus, except for the fact that he introduced the cherry tree to Europe, grieved over the destruction of books, and was possessed of a fine culinary experience.

Though first conceived as an opera, the text was set to music by Paul Dessau. Communist authorities banned it, causing Brecht to revise scenes and changing the title to The Condemnation of Lucullus. The revised version of The Condemnation of Lucullus premiered in 1951.
Borgholm Municipality
Borgholm Municipality (Swedish: Borgholms kommun) is a municipality in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, constituting the northern half of the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. The municipal seat is located in the city of Borgholm.

Notable historic sites in this municipality are Borgholm Castle and Halltorps Estate.

The local government reform in the 1970s saw the creation of two municipalities on the island of Öland. Borgholm Municipality is the northern of the two and consists of sixteen original (pre-1952) entities. The southern half of the island is made up of Mörbylånga Municipality.

It is the birthplace of John Eke, A long distance runner who competed in the 1912 Olympics, He later competed for the Irish American Athletic Club in NYC

Kalmar County
Kalmar County (Swedish: Kalmar län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland.

The counties are mainly administrative units. Geographically Kalmar County covers the eastern part in the Småland province, and the entire island of Öland.
Ruby Ferguson
Ruby Constance Annie Ferguson, née Ashby (28 July 1899 – 11 November 1966), was an English writer of popular fiction, including children's literature, romances and mysteries as R. C. Ashby and Ruby Ferguson. She is best known today for her novel Lady Rose and Mrs. Memmary and her Jill books, a series of Pullein-Thompsonesque pony books for children and young adults.

Pony book
Pony books, pony stories or pony fiction form a genre in children's literature of stories featuring children, teenagers, ponies and horses, and the learning of equestrian skills, especially at a pony club or riding school.
Goole Fields
Goole Fields is a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Goole town centre and lies at both sides but mainly south of the A161 road (Swinefleet Road), covering an area of 1,980.59 hectares (4,894.1 acres). It is bordered to the east by the Swinefleet Warping Drain, to the south by the Blackwater Dike, and to the west by the railway line from Goole to Doncaster.

Goole
Goole is a port town and civil parish on the River Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The town's historic county is the West Riding of Yorkshire.

At the 2021 UK census, Goole parish had a population of 20,475. It is 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Doncaster, 19 miles (31 km) south of York and 29 miles (47 km) west of Hull.

The town has the United Kingdom's furthest inland port, being about 50 miles (80 km) from the North Sea. It is capable of handling nearly 2 million tonnes of cargo per year, making it one of the most important ports on England's east coast.

Goole is twinned with Złotów in Poland. Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
High Taunus
The High Taunus (German: Hoher Taunus) is the name of a major natural region unit (no. 301) in the Hessian Central Uplands range of the Taunus mountains and forms the area immediately around the main ridge of the Taunus. It should not be confused with the term Hochtaunus, in the sense used in the name of the county of Hochtaunuskreis which is only the eastern part of the Feldberg massif. The High Taunus separates the Anterior Taunus in the south from the Lower Taunus in the north and includes the majority of the highest mountains and hills of the Taunus. The eastern part of the natural region lies within the Taunus Nature Park and its western part in the Rhine-Taunus Nature Park.

Hessian Central Uplands
The Hessian Central Uplands are an area of volcanic highland in Central Hesse in Germany. It is also referred to as the Vogelsberg-Meissner Axis.

The Hessian Central Uplands include the Vogelsberg mountain range, the largest contiguous region of basalt in Europe, as well as numerous volcanic outcrops, large and small, within the state of Hesse. The uplands are bounded to the west and east by the West and East Hesse Depressions respectively, two major natural corridors running roughly north-to-south through the state. Further north, the uplands encompass the smaller Knüll and Meissner (range) ranges.

Within Germany's current natural regional classification system, the Hessian Central Uplands fall within the natural region of the East Hesse Highlands which also includes the East Hesse Depression as well as the Rhön.
Ninety-Six District, South Carolina
Ninety-Six District is a former judicial district in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It existed as a district from July 29, 1769 to December 31, 1799. The court house and jail for Ninety-Six District were in Ninety Six.

Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Spartanburg County is a county located on the northwestern border of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 327,997, making it the fifth-most populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is Spartanburg. Spartanburg County is the largest county within the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
1998 North Queensland Cowboys season
The 1998 North Queensland Cowboys season was the 4th in the club's history. Coached by Tim Sheens and captained by John Lomax, they competed in the inaugural season of the newly formed National Rugby League (NRL) competition.

John Lomax (rugby league)
John Junior Lomax (born 6 February 1966) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Primarily a prop, he captained New Zealand and played for the Canberra Raiders, North Queensland Cowboys and Melbourne Storm.
Andrea Tullos
Andrea D. Tullos is a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, currently serving as the commander and president of the Air University. She previously held the position of deputy commander of the Air Education and Training Command and commanded the Second Air Force at Keesler Air Force Base. In April 2021, she was assigned as the deputy commander of the Air Education and Training Command, replacing Major General William A. Spangenthal. In May 2022, she was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as the commander and president of Air University.

Air University (United States Air Force)
Air University is a professional military education university system of the United States Air Force. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award master's degrees.
Circuit du Val de Vienne
Circuit du Val de Vienne is a 3.729 km (2.317 mi) motor racing circuit located in Le Vigeant, France. Opened in 1990, the circuit is operated by Les Deux Arbes, a group under the auspices of Jack Leconte and Jacques Nicolet.

In 2010, according to the Comité départemental du tourisme, the circuit welcomed 170,000 visitors. It is the fourth most visited tourist site in the Vienne department.

Jacques Nicolet
Jacques Nicolet (born 5 April 1956 in Gigondas) is a French businessman and racing driver. He is the chairman of the Supervisory Board for Altarea SCA, a French real estate investment and development company, which he co-founded in 1994 with Alain Taravela. He was previously the director of development at the Pierre & Vacances Group between 1984 and 1994. He is also the owner and a driver of OAK Racing, a Le Mans 24 Hours and FIA World Endurance Championship racing team.
Klaus Kærgård
Klaus Kærgaard (born 21 October 1976) is a Danish retired professional football, who most notably won the 2000 Danish Cup with Viborg FF. He was a forward for Danish clubs Viborg FF and FC Midtjylland. From 1998 to 2007, Kærgård played a combined total 171 games and scored 38 goals in the Danish Superliga championship for the two teams. He ended his career prematurely in 2007, due to injuries.

Viborg FF
Viborg Fodsports Forening (lit. 'Viborg Footsport Association'), also known as Viborg FF or VFF for short, is a Danish professional football club based in the Central Jutland city of Viborg. They compete in the Danish Superliga, the top tier of Danish football. Nicknamed de Grønne (the Greens), the club was originally founded on 1 April 1896. After more than 100 years of existence, the club won their first and only major trophy in 2000, lifting the Danish Cup.
Zulian Region, Venezuela
The Zulian Region (Spanish: Región Zuliana) is one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. This region is coterminous with Zulia state  and is administrated by Corpozulia. The people from this region seek autonomy from the central government.

Regions of Venezuela
The Regions of Venezuela (Spanish: Regiones de Venezuela) are two groupings of Venezuela's states, capital district, and federal dependencies. Venezuela's natural regions (Regiones naturales) are divided by natural geography, and administrative regions (Regiones político-administrativas) are delineated for the purpose of regional administration.
Sergey Volkov (skier)
Sergey Volkov (born December 6, 1987, in Chusovoy, Russian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian freestyle skier, specializing in  moguls.

Volkov competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Russia. He did not advance to the moguls final, placing 28th in the qualifying round.

As of March 2013, his best showing at the World Championships is 6th in the 2011 dual moguls event.

Volkov made his World Cup debut in December 2009. His first career podium, a bronze in dual moguls at Mont Gabriel in 2011/12, was followed a month later by his first win, in the same event at Deer Valley. As of March 2013, those are his best World Cup performances. His best World Cup overall finish is 6th, in 2011/12.

2011–12 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2011/12 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the thirty third World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 9 December 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012. This season included five disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe and slopestyle.
Chrétien Géofroy Nestler
Chrétien Géofroy Nestler, name also given as Christian Gottfried Nestler (1 March 1778, Strasbourg – 2 October 1832), was a botanist and pharmacist from Alsace.

He studied under Louis Claude Richard in Paris, and in 1806–1810 served as a military pharmacist. He was later a professor of botany to the faculty of medicine at the University of Strasbourg and a chief pharmacist of Strasbourg hospices. In 1816 he was appointed director of the botanical garden at Strasbourg. Together with Jean-Baptiste Mougeot, Antoine Mougeot and  Wilhelm Philippe Schimper he edited some exsiccatae, among them Stirpes cryptogamae Vogeso-Rhenanae; quas in Rheni superioris inferiorisque, nec non Vogesorum praefecturis collegerunt (1843–1854).

As a taxonomist, he described a number of species within the genus Potentilla. The genus Nestlera (family Asteraceae) was named in his honor by Kurt Sprengel.

Louis Claude Richard
Louis Claude Marie Richard (French pronunciation: [lwi klod maʁi ʁiʃaʁ]; 19 September 1754 – 6 June 1821) was a French botanist and botanical illustrator. The standard author abbreviation Rich. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Supreme Ruler 2010
Supreme Ruler 2010 is a computer wargame in which a player controls all aspects of a region's government and attempts to unite a world of fragmented states in the year of 2010.

The game was produced by BattleGoat Studios and released by Strategy First in 2005.

Official support for Supreme Ruler 2010 ended in August 2006 with the release of the 6th update. The final version of the game was 4.6.1.

A sequel, Supreme Ruler 2020, was released in 2008 by publisher Paradox Interactive.

Strategy First
Strategy First Inc. is a Canadian video game publisher based in Montreal. Founded in 1988 by Don McFatridge, Steve Wall and Dave Hill, the company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and was subsequently acquired by Silverstar Holdings in 2005. Initially specializing in developing strategy video games, it since switched to primarily publishing, releasing games like the Disciples series, the Jagged Alliance series, O.R.B: Off-World Resource Base, and the Space Empires series.
Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play
Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play (stylized Mr. Burns, a post-electric play) is an American black comedy play written by Anne Washburn with music by Michael Friedman. The play depicts the evolution of the story from the Simpsons episode "Cape Feare" in the decades after an apocalyptic event.

It premiered in May 2012 at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company in Washington, D.C., and ran from August through October 2013 at Playwrights Horizons in New York City, commissioned and developed with the New York theater company The Civilians. It received polarized reviews and was nominated for a 2014 Drama League Award for Outstanding Production of a Broadway or Off-Broadway Play.

It was produced at the Almeida Theatre in London in 2014 by director Robert Icke, and in Adelaide and Sydney, Australia in 2017 by director Imara Savage. The UK regional premiere was produced at Derby Theatre in 2023 by director Omar Khan.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
GSP Stadium
The GSP Stadium (Greek: Στάδιο ΓΣΠ) is a football stadium in Strovolos, Nicosia District, Cyprus. Although small by international standards, it is the largest stadium in Cyprus, with a capacity of 22,859 and was opened in 1999. It serves as the home stadium for the 3 biggest football clubs of Nicosia Omonia, Olympiakos & APOEL. It is also the home stadium of the Cyprus national football team. A stadium under the same name, the old GSP Stadium, existed from 1902 until 1999 in the centre of Nicosia and had a capacity of 12,000.

2011–12 UEFA Champions League knockout phase
The knockout phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League began on 14 February with the round of 16, and concluded on 19 May 2012 with the final at Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
Kenneth E. Iverson
Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920 – 19 October 2004) was a Canadian computer scientist noted for the development of the programming language APL. He was honored with the Turing Award in 1979 "for his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL; for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice".

Roger Moore (computer scientist)
Roger D. Moore (November 16, 1939 – March 21, 2019) was the 1973 recipient (with Larry Breed and Richard Lathwell) of the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was given "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems."

Moore was a cofounder of I. P. Sharp Associates and held a senior position in the company for many years. Before this, he contributed to the SUBALGOL compiler at Stanford University and wrote the ALGOL 60 compiler for the Ferranti-Packard 6000 and the ICT 1900. Along with his work on the programming language APL, he was also instrumental in the development of IPSANET, a private packet switching data network.
Energy in Iraq
Energy in Iraq plays a crucial role in both the national economy and the global energy markets due to the country's vast oil reserves and significant status within the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Iraq holds abundant oil and gas resources and has strong solar PV potential. Its production to 2030 is set to be the third largest contributor to global oil supply. By the same year, the government expects that renewable capacity will amount for 5% of the country's total system capacity. These developments highlight Iraq's efforts to diversify its energy sources and enhance its energy security, while still significantly contributing to the global oil market.

China National Petroleum Corporation
The China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC; Chinese: 中国石油天然气集团公司; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shíyóu Tiānránqì Jítuán Gōngsī) is a major national oil and gas corporation of China and one of the largest integrated energy groups in the world. Its headquarters are in Dongcheng District, Beijing. CNPC was ranked fourth in 2022 Fortune Global 500, a global ranking of the largest corporations by revenue.