hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arzen
The city has a Pahlevi Persian name, Arzin from the infinitive Arzidan: to be valuable, and its name means Arzidani: Valuable.
Arzen (in Syriac Arzŏn or Arzŭn, Armenian Arzn, Ałzn, Arabic Arzan) was an ancient and medieval city, located on the border zone between Upper Mesopotamia and the Armenian Highlands. The site of the ancient Armenian capital of Tigranocerta, according to modern scholars, in Late Antiquity it was the capital of the district of Arzanene, a Syriac bishopric and a Sasanian Persian border fortress in the Roman–Persian Wars of the period. After the Muslim conquests, it briefly became the seat of an autonomous dynasty of emirs in the 9th century, before being devastated in the wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Hamdanids in the 10th century. By the 12th century, it had been abandoned and ruined. Today, few traces of the town survive.

Silvan, Diyarbakır
Silvan (Kurdish: Farqîn; Ottoman Turkish: ميا فارقين, romanized: Meyafarikîn, Armenian: Սիլվան, romanized: Silvan) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,252 km2, and its population is 86,161 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Transport Act 1947
The Transport Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 49) was an act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Under the terms of the Act, the railway network, long-distance road haulage and various other types of transport were nationalised and came under the administration of the British Transport Commission. The BTC was responsible to the Ministry of Transport for general transport policy, which it exercised principally through financial control of a number of executives set up to manage specified sections of the industry under schemes of delegation.

British Railways Board
The British Railways Board (BRB) was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that operated from 1963 to 2001. Until 1997, it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand name British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail. It did not operate railways in Northern Ireland, where railways were the responsibility of the Government of Northern Ireland.

It is a statutory corporation, which when operating consisted of a chairman and nine to fifteen other members appointed by the Secretary of State for Transport. The Board, now reduced to a minimum membership of a chairman and one other member, continues to exist to hold the French law benefits and obligations of the Channel Tunnel Rail Usage Contract.
Jean Guillaume Barthélemy Thomières
Brigade-General Jean Guillaume Barthélemy Thomières (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ɡijom baʁtelemi tɔmjɛʁ]; 18 August 1771 – 22 July 1812) was a French Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He spent most of his career as a staff officer and before being given command of a brigade during the Peninsular War, where he was killed in action at the Battle of Salamanca. Thomières is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
The following is a list of the 660 names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Most of them represent generals who served during the French First Republic (1792–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). Underlined names signify those killed in action. Additionally, the names of specific armies are listed, grouped together by the four compass facades of the arch: North (northern France, lower Rhine, Netherlands), East (Central Europe, Switzerland, Italy), South (Mediterranean Europe, Egypt, southern France) and West (Pyrenees, western France, notable units).

Related list: Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe.

Northern pillar  Armies of northern France, the lower Rhine and the Netherlands.

Eastern pillar  Armies of Central Europe, Switzerland and Italy.

Southern pillar  Armies of Mediterranean Europe, Egypt and southern France.

Western pillar  Armies of the Pyrenees, western France and notable units.
Kilmacduagh
Kilmacduagh (Irish: Cill Mhic Dhuach, meaning 'church of Duach's son') is a small village in south County Galway, Ireland, near Gort. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name, in Kiltartan barony.

It is the site of Kilmacduagh monastery, seat of a diocese of the same name. The Diocese of Kilmacduagh is now part of the Diocese of Galway and Kilmacduagh in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe in the Church of Ireland. The former cathedral is now a ruin. The round tower sits beside the cathedral and is from the 11th or 12 century. At 112 feet, it is the tallest tower in Ireland. The towers bell is said to lie at the bottom of a nearby lake.

The village is 5 km (3 mi) to the south-west of Gort via the R460 road.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora
The Diocese of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora (Irish: Deoise na Gaillimhe, Chill Mhic Duaich agus Chill Fhionnúrach) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the west of Ireland. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Tuam and is subject to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tuam. The deanery of Kilfenora, previously a diocese in its own right, lies in the ecclesiastical province of Cashel. The ordinary is Bishop Michael Duignan who was appointed on 11 February 2022.
British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia
British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia issued early postage stamps used in each of Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Dubai, Kuwait, Muscat and Qatar. Muscat and Dubai relied on Indian postal administration until 1 April 1948 when, following the Partition of India, British agencies were established there. Two agencies were opened in Qatar: at Doha (August 1950) and Umm Said (February 1956). In Abu Dhabi, an agency was opened on Das Island in December 1960 and in Abu Dhabi City on 30 March 1963. The agencies also supplied stamps to Bahrain until 1960; and to Kuwait during shortages in 1951–1953.

The agency in Dubai issued the Trucial States stamps on 7 January 1961. As each state took over its own postal administration, the offices closed. Closure dates were: Qatar on 23 May 1963; Dubai on 14 June 1963; Abu Dhabi on 29 March 1964; finally Muscat on 29 April 1966.

Overprint
An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage or revenue stamp, postal stationery, banknote or ticket after it has been printed. Post offices most often use overprints for internal administrative purposes such as accounting but they are also employed in public mail. Well-recognized varieties include commemorative overprints which are produced for their public appeal and command significant interest in the field of philately.
SuperFight 6
SuperFight 6 was a professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW). It took place on February 8, 2025, at the Center Stage in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the sixth event under the SuperFight chronology. The event streamed live on MLW's YouTube channel, with additional matches being taped for the Intimidation Games special, which aired on March 8 on Bein Sports USA and YouTube.

Intimidation Games
Intimidation Games is a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held on May 3, 2018.

The first three events served as television tapings for MLW Fusion, with the second event airing as a special live episode.
1935 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1935 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Fritz Crisler, the team compiled a 9–0 record and outscored opponents by a total of 256 to 32. The team played its home games at Palmer Stadium in Princeton, New Jersey.

The team was retroactively recognized as the 1935 national champion under the Dunkel System.

Pepper Constable was the team captain. Garry Le Van received the John Prentiss Poe Cup, the team's highest award. Guard Jac Weller was a consensus first-team pick on the 1935 All-America college football team. Six Princeton players were selected by the Associated Press to the 1935 All-Eastern football team: Jac Weller at guard (AP-1); Stephen Cullinan at center (AP-1); Ken Sandbach at quarterback (AP-1); Gilbert Lea at end (AP-2); Charles Toll at tackle (AP-2); and Jack H. White at halfback (AP-2).

Jac Weller
John "Jac" Weller (January 6, 1913 – August 18, 1994) was an American college football player, firearms expert and military historian. He was a consensus All-American in 1935 at the guard position.  He played for Fritz Crisler's Princeton Tigers football team at Princeton University that went 25–1 during Weller's three years on the team.  Weller later became known as a firearms expert and published several works on munitions and military history.
(33001) 1997 CU29
(33001) 1997 CU29 (provisional designation 1997 CU29) is a cold classical Kuiper belt object, or cubewano. It has a perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) at 41.6 AU and an aphelion (farthest approach from the Sun) of 45.1 AU. 1997 CU29 is about 280 km in diameter. It was discovered on February 6, 1997, by David C. Jewitt, Jane X. Luu, Chad Trujillo, and Jun Chen at the Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii.

Jun Chen (astronomer)
Jun Chen is a Chinese American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

She obtained her BS at Beijing University in 1990, and obtained her PhD from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 1997. Working together with David C. Jewitt and Jane Luu and other astronomers, she has co-discovered a number of Kuiper belt objects. The Minor Planet Center credits her with the co-discovery of 10 minor planets during 1994–1997.

She is currently working as a software developer in private industry.
Malaysia Federal Route 8
The Federal Route 8, also known as the Kuala Lumpur–Kota Bharu Highway (Malay: Jalan Kuala Lumpur–Kota Bharu), is a 402.7-km federal highway in Malaysia. It connects Bentong in the south to Kota Bharu in the north. The highway had two parts - Kota Bharu–Kuala Krai Road (Malay: Jalan Kota Bharu–Kuala Krai) and Bentong–Kuala Lipis Road (Malay: Jalan Bentong–Kuala Lipis) until the completion of the missing link from Kuala Krai to Kuala Lipis, causing the entire FT8 highway to take 99 years to be completed.

Malaysian Federal Roads System
Malaysian Federal Roads System (Malay: Sistem Jalan Persekutuan Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚联邦公路系统), is the main national road network in Malaysia. All federal roads in Malaysia are under the purview of the Ministry of Works (MOW). According to the Ministerial Functions Act 1969, the MOW is responsible to plan, build and maintain all federal roads gazetted under the Federal Roads Act 1959. However, most of the Federal roads' projects were built and maintained by the Malaysian Public Works Department (Jambatan Kerja Raya, JKR), which is also one of the implementing agencies under the MOW (with the exception of Sabah and Sarawak, whereby JKR in these two states is under respective state government).
Villa of Geraci
The Villa of Gerace (or Geraci; Italian: Villa Romana di contrada Gerace) is a Roman villa located near Enna along provincial road 78 at the Rastello-Ramata junction, on the Fontanazza estate, Sicily.

The elaborate villa was part of a rich estate covering 3.5 ha, one of the many historically reported but rarely excavated latifundia on the island. It lies about 15 km from the Villa Romana del Casale at Piazza Armerina and 5 km from the ancient city of Sabucina.

Enna
Enna (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛnna] ⓘ or [ˈenna]; Ancient Greek: Ἔννα; Latin: Henna, less frequently Haenna), known from the Middle Ages until 1926 as Castrogiovanni (Sicilian: Castrugiuvanni [ˌkaʂʂ(ɽ)ʊddʒʊˈvannɪ]), is a city and comune located roughly at the center of Sicily, southern Italy, in the province of Enna, towering above the surrounding countryside. It has earned the nicknames belvedere (panoramic viewpoint) and ombelico ('navel') of Sicily. It has about 25,000 inhabitants.

At 931 m (3,054 ft) above sea level, Enna is the highest Italian provincial capital.
Kings of the Angles
The Angles were a dominant Germanic tribe in the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, and gave their name to the English,  England and to the region of East Anglia. Originally from Angeln, present-day Schleswig-Holstein, a legendary list of their kings has been preserved in the heroic poems Widsith and Beowulf, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Widsith
"Widsith" (Old English: Wīdsīþ, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the Exeter Book (pages 84v–87r), a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th century, which contains approximately one-sixth of all surviving Old English poetry. "Widsith" is located between the poems "Vainglory" and "The Fortunes of Men". Since the donation of the Exeter Book in 1076, it has been housed in Exeter Cathedral in southwestern England. The poem is for the most part a survey of the people, kings, and heroes of Europe in the Heroic Age of Northern Europe.
Battles of Fort Budapest
31°10′31.0″N 32°26′45.7″E﻿ / ﻿31.175278°N 32.446028°E﻿ / 31.175278; 32.446028

The Battles of Fort Budapest (Hebrew: מעוז בודפשט) refer to two attempts by the Egyptian Army to capture Fort Budapest, part of Israel's Bar Lev Line, during the Yom Kippur War. The first attempt took place at noon on October 6, 1973, with the start of Operation Badr, but failed due to Israeli Air Force intervention. The second attempt took place on October 15, at the onset of Operation Stouthearted Men, the Israeli military operation to cross the Suez Canal. Despite significant setbacks caused by poor sea conditions, the second attack was on the verge of success when the Israeli Air Force once again intervened, and this, coupled with Israeli reinforcements, repelled the Egyptian attack.

Operation Abirey-Halev
Operation Abirey-Halev or Operation Abirey-Lev (lit. Knights of the Heart) also known as Operation Stouthearted Men and Operation Valiant, code-named Operation Gazelle (Hebrew: מבצע אבירי לב, Arabic: ثغرة الدفرسوار), was an Israeli operation that took place in the center of the Suez Canal on 15–23 October 1973 during the Yom Kippur War.
Eduardo Airaldi Rivarola
Eduardo Airaldi Rivarola (January 11, 1922 in Puerto del Callao, Peru – March 5, 1992 in Peru) was a Peruvian basketball player, coach, referee and administrator. As a player, he won the 1943 South American Championship with the Peru team. He also was a coach of club teams in Peru, and an international referee, calling games in the 1950 FIBA World Championship and 1954 FIBA World Championship (including the USA-Brazil final game). He later served as the president of the Peruvian Basketball Federation, secretary general of COPABA (currently FIBA Americas), and a member of FIBA Central Board. He was awarded an Olympic Order. In 2007 he was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame as a contributor.

Olympic Order
The Olympic Order, established in 1975, is the highest award of the Olympic Movement. It is awarded for particularly distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement, i.e. recognition of efforts worthy of merit in the cause of sport. Traditionally, the IOC bestows the Olympic Order upon the chief national organiser(s) at the closing ceremony of each respective Olympic Games.
Emanuel Čučkov
Emanuel Hristov Čučkov (Macedonian: Емануел Христов Чучков; 27 November 1901 – 1 September 1967) also known as Mane Čučkov (Macedonian: Мане Чучков) was a Macedonian statesman, partisan, author and professor.

Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization
The Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization (Bulgarian: Македонска младежка тайна революционна организация, Macedonian: Македонска младинска тајна револуционерна организација, romanized: Makedonska mladinska tajna revolucionerna organizacija; MMTRO/MYSRO) was a secret pro-Bulgarian youth organization established by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), active in Macedonia between 1922 and the 1940s. MMTRO's statute and establishment were approved by the leader of the IMRO, Todor Alexandrov. After its establishment, it soon gained influence amongst Macedonian Bulgarians in Belgrade, Vienna, Graz, Prague, Ljubljana and other places where Macedonian students lived.
Laconian vase painting
Laconian vase painting is a regional style of Greek vase painting, produced in Laconia, the region of Sparta, primarily in the 6th century BC.

The first pottery with ornamental decoration produced in Laconia belongs to the Geometric period.

Geometric art
Geometric art is a phase of Greek art, characterized largely by geometric motifs in vase painting, that flourished towards the end of the Greek Dark Ages and a little later, c. 900–700 BC. Its center was in Athens, and from there the style spread among the trading cities of the Aegean. The so-called Greek Dark Ages were considered to last from c. 1100 to 800 BC and include the phases from the Protogeometric period to the Middle Geometric I period, which Knodell (2021) calls Prehistoric Iron Age. The vases had various uses or purposes within Greek society, including, but not limited to, funerary vases and symposium vases.
Hacıosman (Istanbul Metro)
Hacıosman is an underground rapid transit station and northern terminus of the M2 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located in southern Sarıyer under Tarabya Bayırı Avenue. Hacıosman was opened on 29 April 2011 as a northern extension of the M2 to service neighborhoods in Sarıyer. It has an island platform serviced by two tracks.

M2 (Istanbul Metro)
The M2, officially referred to as the M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman metro line (Turkish: M2 Yenikapı–Hacıosman metro hattı), is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro and the first heavy metro of Istanbul and Turkey. It is colored light green on the maps and route signs. The M2 operates between Hacıosman in southern Sarıyer to Yenikapı in south-central Fatih on the historic peninsula of Istanbul. Shuttle trains run from Sanayi to Seyrantepe to Rams Park. The M2 line has 16 stations, all but one underground, and a total length of 23.49 kilometers (14.60 mi). A daily ridership of about 500,000 makes it the busiest line of the Istanbul Metro system.
Hacker Croll
François Cousteix, better known as Hacker Croll, is a French self-taught cracker who is notable for hacking Twitter in July 2009. He was in close contact with reporters from TechCrunch who published numerous articles about the information obtained and the incident itself. He remained anonymous until his arrest in March 2010.

Security hacker
A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching or bypassing defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, sabotage, information gathering, challenge, recreation, or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.

Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term "hacker". In this controversy, computer programmers reclaim the term hacker, arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks, and that cracker is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminals (black hats) or computer security experts (white hats). A 2014 article noted that "the black-hat meaning still prevails among the general public". The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the "computer underground".
25 Orionis
25 Orionis, less commonly known by its Bayer designation Psi1 Orionis (ψ1 Orionis, ψ1 Ori) is a fifth-magnitude star in the constellation Orion. It lies among a dense cluster of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars in the Orion OB1a.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Pablo Zinger
Pablo Zinger is a conductor, pianist, writer, composer, arranger, lecturer and narrator, specializing in the music of Ástor Piazzolla, tango, Spanish zarzuela, and Latin American vocal and instrumental music.

Paquito D'Rivera
Francisco de Jesús Rivera Figueras (born 4 June 1948), known as Paquito D'Rivera, is a Cuban-American alto saxophonist, clarinetist and composer. He was a member of the Cuban songo band Irakere and, since the 1980s, he has established himself as a bandleader in the United States. His smooth saxophone tone and his frequent combination of Latin jazz and classical music have become his trademarks.
Black Butte (Siskiyou County, California)
Black Butte (formerly Wintoon Butte, Cone Mountain, Sugar Loaf and Muir's Peak) is a cluster of overlapping dacite lava domes in a butte,
a satellite cone of Mount Shasta.  It is located directly adjacent to the northbound lanes of Interstate 5 at milepost 742 between the cities of Mount Shasta and Weed, California. The I-5 freeway crosses a 3,912 ft (1,192 m) pass, Black Butte Summit, at the western base of the lava domes. The lava domes were extruded at the foot of the cone of Shastina following the period of its major eruptions about 9,000–10,000 years ago.

Mount Shasta, California
Mount Shasta (also known as Mount Shasta City) is a city in Siskiyou County, California, United States, at about 3,600 feet (1,100 m) above sea level on the flanks of Mount Shasta, a prominent northern California landmark. The city is less than 9 miles (14 km) southwest of the summit of its namesake volcano.

Mount Shasta is the final community up the Sacramento River, located along Interstate Highway 5 approximately 14 kilometers (9 miles) south of Weed and approximately 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) north of Dunsmuir, and marks the river's northern terminus approximately 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) downstream from the Sacramento River Forks.

Mount Shasta's population is 3,223 as of the 2020 census, a population change of -5.04% from 3,394 from the 2010 census.
Gloydius lipipengi
Gloydius lipipengi, the Nujiang pit viper, is a species of Asian moccasin from China. Taxonomically it is named after Prof. Pi-Peng Li, a herpetologist from Shenyang Normal University. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. It is most closely related to G. rubromaculatus.

Gloydius
Gloydius is a genus of pit vipers endemic to Asia, also known as Asian moccasins or Asian ground pit vipers. Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd, this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. 24 species are currently recognized.
Apigenin
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a flavone compound that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.

Apigenin is abundant in parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile flowers. It occurs in many fruits and vegetables, with the highest concentrations in dried and fresh parsley.

Flavone
Flavone is an organic compound with the formula C6H4OC3H(Ph)O. A white solid, flavone is a derivative of chromone with a phenyl (Ph) substituent adjacent to the ether group.  The compound is of little direct practical importance, but substituted derivatives, the flavones and  flavonoids are a large class of nutritionally important natural products. Flavone can be prepared in the laboratory by cyclization of 2-hydroxacetophenone.  Isomeric with flavone is isoflavone, where the phenyl group is adjacent to the ketone.