hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Computed axial lithography
Computed axial lithography (CAL) is a method of 3D printing that is based on computerised tomography scans, whereby it creates objects from photo-curable resin. The process was developed by a collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. CAL is distinguished from, for example, the fused deposition modelling and stereolithography 3D-printing models, in that it does not build models by means of depositing consecutive layers of material; instead, it projects a set of 2D images of the intended 3D product, onto a cylinder of resin, while both the images and the resin spin at the same rate. CAL is also notable for its ability to build an object often in mere seconds—much more quickly than other methods using resins; moreover, it can simultaneously make multiple objects, one embedded inside another, within the same active process.

Stereolithography
Stereolithography (SLA or SL; also known as vat photopolymerisation, optical fabrication, photo-solidification, or resin printing) is a form of 3D printing technology used for creating models, prototypes, patterns, and production parts in a layer-by-layer fashion using photochemical processes by which light causes chemical monomers and oligomers to cross-link together to form polymers. Those polymers then make up the body of a three-dimensional solid. Research in the area had been conducted during the 1970s, but the term was coined by Chuck Hull in 1984 when he applied for a patent on the process, which was granted in 1986.  Stereolithography can be used to create prototypes for products in development, medical models, and computer hardware, as well as in many other applications. While stereolithography is fast and can produce almost any design, it can be expensive.
Red River State Recreation Area
Red River State Recreation Area is part of the Greater Grand Forks Greenway and is located in the city of East Grand Forks, Minnesota on the banks of the Red River of the North and the Red Lake River. It was built as a natural buffer as a direct response to the 1997 Red River flood.

The State Recreation Area is owned and managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

East Grand Forks, Minnesota
East Grand Forks (also known as EGF) is a city in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 9,176 at the 2020 census, making it Polk County's largest community. It is in the Red River Valley region along the eastern bank of the Red River of the North, directly across from Grand Forks, North Dakota. The cities of Grand Forks and East Grand Forks form the center of the Grand Forks, ND–MN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is often called Greater Grand Forks. The statistical area's population was 104,362 at the 2020 census.
Baba (ruins)
Baba (Czech: Zřícenina Baba) are remains of a 17th-century winepress and an imitation of a castle ruin in Prague in the Czech Republic. It is located on a promontory on the left bank of the Vltava in Dejvice, on Baba hill (259 m above sea level). The spot offers views of Troja, Bubeneč, and Dejvice, and it is a dominant feature of this part of the valley. It is within the Baba nature monument.

Dejvice
Dejvice is a historical community, a municipal quarter of the Prague 6 district of Prague, Czech Republic. Its history can be traced back to the late Roman era.  Dejvice is known for its appeal to the upper middle class, foreign diplomatic corps and as a university district. It is also the home to Dukla Prague, one of the most successful football clubs of the Czechoslovak era.
NGC 7080
NGC 7080 is a barred spiral galaxy located about 204.5 million light-years away in the constellation of Vulpecula. It has an estimated diameter of about 100,000 light-years which would make it similar in size to the Milky Way.  NGC 7080 was discovered by astronomer Albert Marth on September 6, 1863.

According to Harold Corwin, NGC 7054 is a duplicate observation of NGC 7080.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 7080: SN 1998ey (type Ic-pec, mag.16.8) was discovered by Ron Arbour on 5 December 1998.

Vulpecula
Vulpecula (/vəlˈpɛkjʊlə/) is a faint constellation in the Northern Sky. Its name is Latin for "little fox", although it is commonly called simply the Fox. It was identified in the 17th century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle (an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair).
Topoljski Buk
The Topoljski Buk, also Krčić Waterfall and Veliki Buk, is a 22-meter-high waterfall in the north of the Kninsko Polje, where the Krčić stream flows into Krka. After excavations using explosive, damming, construction of a chamber in its travertine barrier and finally construction of the Krčić Hydroelectric Power Plant, the waterfall is reduced to an intermittent waterfall directly above the source of the Krka River.

Geographically, it is located near the city of Knin and is fed by waters from Dinara. A macadam road connecting Knin with Kijevo passes by the Krčić. It was built a little over 200 years ago.

The Krčić waterfall is mentioned in local folk tales, there used to be a fort on the hill to the left of the waterfall that served to defend the nearby bridge. Legend has it that people will rebuild the bridge when the intermittent Krčić stream never dries up again and people stop quarrel and fight each other.

Krka (Adriatic Sea)
The Krka (pronounced [ˈkr̩ka]) is a river in Croatia's Dalmatia region, known for its numerous waterfalls.  It is 73 km (45 mi) long and its basin covers an area of 2,088 km2 (806 mi2). It was known in ancient Greek as Kyrikos, or maybe also as Catarbates (literally "steeply falling") by the ancient Greeks, it was known to the ancient Romans as Titius, Corcoras, or Korkoras.
Amplitude versus offset
In geophysics and reflection seismology, amplitude versus offset (AVO) or amplitude variation with offset is the general term for referring to the dependency of the seismic attribute, amplitude, with the distance between the source and receiver (the offset).  AVO analysis is a technique that geophysicists can execute on seismic data to determine a rock's fluid content, porosity, density or seismic velocity, shear wave information, fluid indicators (hydrocarbon indications).

The phenomenon is based on the relationship between the reflection coefficient and the angle of incidence and has been understood since the early 20th century when Karl Zoeppritz wrote down the Zoeppritz equations.  Due to its physical origin, AVO can also be known as amplitude versus angle (AVA), but AVO is the more commonly used term because the offset is what a geophysicist can vary in order to change the angle of incidence. (See diagram)

Acoustic impedance
Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic pressure applied to the system. The SI unit of acoustic impedance is the pascal-second per cubic metre (symbol Pa·s/m3), or in the MKS system the rayl per square metre (Rayl/m2), while that of specific acoustic impedance is the pascal-second per metre (Pa·s/m), or in the MKS system the rayl (Rayl). There is a close analogy with electrical impedance, which measures the opposition that a system presents to the electric current resulting from a voltage applied to the system.
History of Hibernian F.C.
Hibernian, one of the most prominent clubs in Scottish football, was founded in 1875. The club was named in honour of the Roman name for Ireland and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. The club has competed in the top division of Scottish football in all but four seasons since they first gained entry to the top division in 1895. Hibernian have been Scottish champions four times, most recently in 1952. The club has also been champions of the second tier six times, most recently in 2017. Hibernian have won the Scottish Cup three times, the last time in 2016.  This win ended a drought of 114 years and ten cup finals lost since 1902. The club has won the League Cup three times, most recently when they defeated Kilmarnock 5–1 in 2007.

St Bernard's F.C.
St Bernard's Football Club was a football club based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The club was established in 1878 and joined the Scottish Football League. Their biggest success came in winning the 1894–95 Scottish Cup. They played at several different grounds before making the Royal Gymnasium Ground their long-term home. However, after having to sell it in 1943, the club was dissolved.
2012–13 San Diego Sockers season
The 2012–13 San Diego Sockers season was the fourth season of the San Diego Sockers professional indoor soccer club as a franchise in the Professional Arena Soccer League. The Sockers, a Pacific Division team, played their home games in the Valley View Casino Center in San Diego, California. General manager John Kentera and head coach Phil Salvagio led the Sockers to the best regular season record in the PASL and their fourth consecutive league championship.

San Diego Sockers (2009)
The San Diego Sockers are an American professional indoor soccer team based in San Diego County, California, that competes in the Major Arena Soccer League (MASL). The team plays its home games at Frontwave Arena. The Sockers began play in the 2009–2010 season.
Mbo people (Congo)
The Mbo people (or Imbo) are an ethnic group of the Mambasa Territory, Ituri Interim Administration in the Orientale Province on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1994 there were about 11,000 speakers of the Mbo language, which is similar to the Ndaka, Budu, Vanuma, Ndebele, Hlubi, Swati and Nyali languages.

Hlubi people
The Hlubi people or AmaHlubi are an  Embo ethnic group native to Southern Africa, with the majority of population found in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
Antonín Kinský (footballer, born 1975)
Antonín Kinský (born 31 May 1975) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played club football in the Czech Republic for nine seasons, winning the national league in 2002 with FC Slovan Liberec. He subsequently moved to Russia, where he played for Saturn Ramenskoye. During his seven years in Russia, he played 200 competitive games and was recognised as the Russian Premier League's best goalkeeper in the 2007 season.

Kinský played for his country on five occasions. He was part of the Czech Republic squad at UEFA Euro 2004 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup, although he played at neither tournament.

1999–2000 Czech Cup
The 1999–2000 Czech Cup was the seventh edition of the annual football knockout tournament organized by the Czech Football Association of the Czech Republic.

Slovan Liberec prevailed at the 10 May 2000 Cup and qualified for the 2000–01 UEFA Cup.
Rednitzhembach
Rednitzhembach is municipality in the district of Roth in Bavaria in Germany. It is located 18 kilometers south of the Nuremberg-Fürth city axis, five kilometers southeast of Schwabach and six kilometers north of Roth.

Roth (district)
Roth is a Landkreis (district) in Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northeast and clockwise) the districts of Nürnberger Land, Neumarkt, Eichstätt, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, Ansbach and Fürth, and the cities of Schwabach and Nürnberg.

In medieval times the area was ruled by many lords. Brandenburg-Ansbach and Nuremberg owned possessions in the territory, and other parts were the property of clerical states. When these clerical states were dissolved in 1803, the territory fell to Bavaria.

The district was established in 1972 through the merger of the former districts of Roth, Schwabach and Hilpoltstein.
Atlético Mineiro–Flamengo rivalry
The Atlético Mineiro–Flamengo rivalry is a high-profile inter-state rivalry between Brazilian professional football clubs Atlético Mineiro and Flamengo. The clubs first played against each other in 1929, but until regular competitions were introduced in Brazilian football in 1959, the encounters were played at friendly level, since they come from different states: Flamengo is from Rio de Janeiro, while Atlético Mineiro hails from Minas Gerais. The rivalry developed in the 1980s from numerous controversial encounters between the two clubs in that decade's Campeonato Brasileiro and Copa Libertadores editions. It remained through the following years, and is considered the biggest interstate rivalry in Brazilian football.

2006 Copa do Brasil
The 2006 Copa do Brasil was the 18th staging of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on February 15, 2006 and concluded on July 26, 2006 with the second leg of the final, held at the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, in which Flamengo lifted the trophy for the second time with a 1–0 victory over its rival Vasco da Gama.

Valdiram, of Vasco da Gama, with 7 goals, was the competition's topscorer.
Agreement of Nationalist Unity
The Agreement of Nationalist Unity (Spanish: Acuerdo de Unidad Nacionalista), frequently known under the name of its constituent parties, Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (Spanish: Coalición Canaria–Partido Nacionalista Canario, CC–PNC), was a permanent Canarian nationalist alliance formed by Canarian Coalition (CC) and Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) in 2006 ahead of the 2007 Canarian regional election. The alliance has been renewed several times, in 2011, 2013 and 2018. For the 2011 and November 2019 general elections it was joined by New Canaries (NC). The alliance was dissolved in 2023.

Canarian nationalism
Canarian nationalism is a political movement that encourages the national consciousness of the Canarian people. The term includes several ideological trends, ranging from a demand for further autonomy within Spain to the right to self-determination.
Andrei Eșanu
Andrei Eșanu (born 16 July 1948) is a historian (doctor habilitat in history), writer and researcher from the Republic of Moldova. He is a member of the Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova. He is part of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, and was elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy in 2011.

Moldova State University
Moldova State University (USM; Romanian: Universitatea de Stat din Moldova) is a university located in Chișinău, Moldova. It was founded in 1946, and initially had five faculties, Physics and Mathematics, Geology and Pedology, History and Philology, Biology, and Chemistry.  It became a plenipotentiary member of the International Association of Universities  in 1969. Notable faculty include mathematicians Valentin Belousov and Israel Gohberg. Notable alumni include gender studies scholar Valentina Bidrug-Lungu.
Bonnyville-Cold Lake
Bonnyville-Cold Lake was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1997 to 2019.

Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87
The Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87 is a municipal district (MD) in northeastern Alberta, Canada in Division No. 12. On the east, it is adjacent to the province of Saskatchewan.

The district was incorporated on January 1, 1955, through the merger of the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87, the Municipal District of Glendon No. 88 and part of Improvement District No. 101.

On May 1, 2021, the municipal district annexed the adjacent Improvement District No. 349.
Ohio Pass
Ohio Pass (elevation 10,065 feet (3,068 m)) is a mountain pass in Gunnison County, Colorado, located one mile southeast of Kebler Pass. Gunnison County Road 730 (Forest Road 730) traverses the pass, which is a gap between Mount Axtell and Ohio Peak in the Anthracite Range, part of the West Elk Mountains. The pass divides the waters of Ruby Anthracite Creek to the north and Ohio Creek to the south.

West Elk Mountains
The West Elk Mountains are a high mountain range in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Colorado. They lie primarily within the Gunnison National Forest, and part of the range is protected as the West Elk Wilderness. The range is primarily located in Gunnison County, with small parts in eastern Delta and Montrose counties.

The West Elks are surrounded by tributaries of the Gunnison River. The range is bounded on the north by the North Fork of the Gunnison and on the east by the East River, another tributary of the Gunnison. On the south and west it is contiguous with Black Mesa and Fruitland Mesa, both part of the uplift in which sits the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. On the northeast it is contiguous with the Elk Mountains, being separated from them by Anthracite Creek and Coal Creek. Nearby towns include Gunnison, Paonia, and the ski resort of Crested Butte.
Afro-Panamanians
Afro-Panamanians are Panamanians of African descent. The population can be mainly broken into two categories: "Afro-Colonials", those descended from slaves brought to Panama during the colonial period; and "Afro-Antilleans", West Indian immigrant descendants with origins in Trinidad, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Belize, Barbados, and Jamaica, whose ancestors were recruited to build the Panama Canal.

Afro-Panamanians can be found in the towns and cities of Colón, Cristóbal and Balboa, the Río Abajo area of Panama City, the Canal Zone and the province of Bocas del Toro.

Río Abajo
Río Abajo is a corregimiento within Panama City, in Panamá District, Panamá Province, Panama with a population of 26,607 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 33,155; its population as of 2000 was 28,714. It is a West Indian neighborhood; the unique culture of this area of Panama stems mainly from the English Caribbean people who relocated to the area from Anglophone islands in the Antilles more than a century ago, namely Jamaica and Barbados. Rio Abajo consists of over 30 streets, the most notable are 4th, 13th and 17th streets, 2 story wood houses, churches with old southern architecture. Rio Abajo is also the name of a river flowing through Rio Abajo neighborhood.

One of Rio Abajo's most famous sons is El General (born Edgardo A. Franco), arguably the one musical artist who most helped to spread the popularity of Spanish Reggae. The latter a product of Panamanian youth of Caribbean descent with the first known one to be sung by Renato.
Ars poetica (Israel)
Ars poetica (Hebrew: ערס פואטיקה) is a contemporary Israeli poetry group.

The name is at once a riff on Horace's Art of Poetry, and on the term ars, which means pimp in Arabic, and in Israeli Hebrew slang "low-life," a derogatory term for Mizrachi men with connotations of vulgar mannerisms.

The group was started in about 2013 by Israeli poet Adi Keissar. Roy Hasan and Erez Biton are among the more notable members.

Ars (slang)
Ars (Hebrew: ערס `ars), or Arsim (the plural in Hebrew) is an Israeli subculture, and a slang term in Hebrew. Originally used as an ethnic slur referring to Mizrahi Jews, the term has evolved and is now more broadly applied to describe anyone part of a perceived thuggish subculture of machismo. An ars is often depicted as loud and brash.  The stereotype of an ars typically includes being  crude, using vulgar language, hanging out with criminal types, seeking fights, and wearing flashy clothing (e.g. tank tops) and jewelry. 
The term derives from the Arabic word for pimp.
Those who attempt to be an ars but are perceived as lacking the confidence of a typical ars are referred to by the slang term "Ars TzaAtzua" (Toy ars).
Family tree of the British royal family
This is the family tree of the British royal family, from James I (who united the crowns of England and Scotland) to the present monarch, Charles III.

For separate family trees before the 1603 Union of the Crowns, see Family tree of English monarchs, Family tree of Scottish monarchs, and Family tree of Welsh monarchs. This also includes England, Scotland and Wales; all part of the United Kingdom as well as the French Norman invasion.

For a simplified view, see: Family tree of British monarchs.

Family tree of Welsh monarchs
This is the family tree of the kings of the respective Welsh medieval kingdoms of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and Powys, and some of their more prominent relatives and heirs as the direct male line descendants of Cunedda Wledig of Gwynedd (401 – 1283), and Gwrtheyrn  of Powys (c. 5th century – 1160), then also the separate Welsh kingdoms and petty kingdoms, and  then eventually Powys Fadog until the 15th century and also the family of the Tudors of Penmynydd. However, the early generations of these genealogies are traditional, and their historical accuracy is debated by scholars.
Golfingiida
Golfingiida, also known as the Golfingiiformes, is an order of peanut worms.  The tentacles form a circle around the mouth, while those of the sister taxon, Phascolosomatidea, are only found above the mouth. Most species burrow in the substrate but some live in the empty shells of gastropods. It is an order of the class Sipuncula (previously considered a phylum), and contains the following families:

Golfingiidae

Phascolionidae

Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814

Themistidae

Phascolosomatidea
Phascolosomatidea is a subclass of the class Sipuncula, the peanut worms, containing two orders:-

Aspidosiphonida containing the single family Aspidosiphonidae

Phascolosomatida containing the single family Phascolosomatidae

Their hooks are arranged in regular rings.
Allan Francovich
Allan James Francovich (March 23, 1941 – April 17, 1997) was an American film maker. He is best known for creating a number of films critical of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), linking them to terrorist attacks during the Cold War in Africa, South America and Europe. The most notable of these are the Gladio (1992) series about Operation Gladio which featured on BBC's Timewatch and The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie (1994) about Pan Am Flight 103.

Tam Dalyell
Sir Thomas Dalyell, 11th Baronet FRSGS (/diˈɛl/ ⓘ dee-EL; 9 August 1932 – 26 January 2017), known as Tam Dalyell, was a Scottish politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Linlithgow (formerly West Lothian) from 1962 to 2005. A member of the Labour Party, he was best known for formulating what came to be known as the "West Lothian question", on whether non-English MPs should be able to vote upon English-only matters after political devolution. He was also known for his staunch anti-war views, opposing the Falklands War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War.
United Shoe Machinery Corporation
United Shoe Machinery Corporation (USMC) was a U.S.-based manufacturer of various industrial machinery, particularly for the shoe manufacturing industry and monopolized the American shoe machinery business. It was an important federal government's defense contractor during the World War I, Interbellum years, World War II and the Cold war era, which developed and manufactured various land and aircraft armaments, as well as components for the military hardware made by other manufacturers. Founded in Beverly, Massachusetts, its corporate headquarters were eventually relocated to Boston, with key production facilities scattered around Massachusetts. It had subsidiaries in other countries including British United Shoe Machinery in England.

Weapon mount
A weapon mount is an assembly or mechanism used to hold a weapon (typically a gun) onto a platform in order for it to function at maximum capacity. Weapon mounts can be broken down into two categories: static mounts and non-static mounts.