hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clyde L. King
Clyde Lyndon King (May 1, 1879 – June 21, 1937) was an American academic and government official who was Secretary of State and Finance of Pennsylvania from 1923 to 1926 and Pennsylvania Secretary of Revenue from 1931 to 1932.

Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is the head of the Pennsylvania Department of State, a cabinet-level agency. The secretary of the commonwealth (equivalent to "secretary of state") is appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the State Senate. The current secretary is Republican Al Schmidt, who was appointed by governor Josh Shapiro.
Dulce María Sauri Riancho
Dulce María Sauri Riancho (born 14 August 1951) is a Mexican politician who was the first woman to serve as governor of Yucatán, from 1991 through 1994. She served as a congresswoman during the 64th Congress (2018–2021), during which she was also the President of the Chamber of Deputies (equivalent to the Speaker of the House in other countries). During her tenure as governor, reforms which restructured the Henequen industry in Yucatán were implemented. The toll road between Mérida and Cancún was also built and became operational during her administration.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Clean configuration
Clean configuration is the flight configuration of a fixed-wing aircraft when its external equipment is retracted to minimize drag, and thus maximize airspeed for a given power setting.

For most airplanes, clean configuration means simply that the wing flaps and landing gear are retracted, as these are the cause of drag due to the lack of streamlined shape. On more complex airplanes, it also means that other devices on the wings (such as slats, spoilers, and leading edge flaps) are retracted. Clean configuration is used for normal cruising at altitude during which lift, or rise in altitude, is not needed.

In military aviation, a clean configuration is generally without external stores which reduce maximum performance both due to increased weight and even more so due to increased drag.

Wing
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics includes the study of wing performance in air.

Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. The study of foil performance in water is a subfield of Hydrodynamics.
Battle of Holmengrå
The Battle of Holmengrå (Norwegian: Slaget ved Holmengrå) was a naval battle fought on 12 November 1139 near the island Holmengrå south of Hvaler, between the forces of the child kings Sigurd Haraldsson and Inge Haraldsson on the one side, and on the other side the pretender Sigurd Slembe and his ally King Magnus the Blind (by Sigurd's claim his nephew). Inge and Sigurd Haraldsson were sons of the previous king Harald Gille, who had been killed by Sigurd Slembe in 1136. The sons of Harald Gille emerged victorious from the battle. Magnus the Blind was killed in action, while Sigurd Slembe was betrayed, captured, and later tortured and executed.

Snorri Sturluson
Snorri Sturluson (Old Norse: [ˈsnorːe ˈsturloˌson]; Icelandic: [ˈstnɔrːɪ ˈstʏ(r)tlʏˌsɔːn]; 1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, knight, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known about Norse mythology and alliterative verse, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norse kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's Saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.
Water sampling station
To enhance water quality monitoring in a drinking water network, water sampling stations are installed at various points along the network's route. These sampling stations are typically positioned at street level, where they connect to a local water main, and are designed as enclosed, secured boxes containing a small sink and spigot to aid in sample collection. Collected samples are analyzed for bacteria, chlorine levels, pH, inorganic and organic pollutants, turbidity, odor and many other water quality indicators.

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
Spray (liquid drop)
A spray is a dynamic collection of drops dispersed in a gas. The process of forming a spray is known as atomization. A spray nozzle is the device used to generate a spray. The two main uses of sprays are to distribute material over a cross-section and to generate liquid surface area. There are thousands of applications in which sprays allow material to be used most efficiently. The spray characteristics required must be understood in order to select the most appropriate technology, optimal device and size.

Spray tower
A spray tower (or spray column or spray chamber) is a gas-liquid contactor used to achieve mass and heat transfer between a continuous gas phase (that can contain dispersed solid particles) and a dispersed liquid phase. It consists of an empty cylindrical vessel made of steel or plastic, and nozzles that spray liquid into the vessel. The inlet gas stream usually enters at the bottom of the tower and moves upward, while the liquid is sprayed downward from one or more levels. This flow of inlet gas and liquid in opposite directions is called countercurrent flow.
Synoeca
Synoeca is a genus of eusocial paper wasps found in the tropical forests of the Americas. Commonly known as warrior wasps or drumming wasps, they are known for their aggressive behavior, a threat display consisting of multiple insects guarding a nest beating their wings in a synchronized fashion, and an extremely painful sting (rating at the highest level of 4 in the Schmidt sting pain index). The sting is barbed and if used often kills the wasp, which may be the reason why such a striking defensive display is used. This display escalates from drumming inside the nest to hundreds of wasps moving on to the envelope of the nest and continuing to drum.  If this does not deter the threat only then do the wasps begin to sting.

Paper wasp
Paper wasps are a type of social vespid wasps. The term is typically used to refer to members of the vespid subfamily Polistinae, though it often colloquially includes members of the subfamilies Vespinae (hornets and yellowjackets) and Stenogastrinae, which also make nests out of paper.

Paper wasp nests are characterized by open combs with down pointing cells. Some types of paper wasps are occasionally referred to as umbrella wasps due to the distinctive design of their nests.
Seven Steps: The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis 1963–1964
Seven Steps: The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis 1963–1964 is a box set of studio and concert recordings by Miles Davis for Columbia over a two-year period. Instead of focusing on a particular collaboration or session period, it focuses on the time period in between the solidified lineups of the first and second Great Quintets, starting with Ron Carter's introduction and finishing with the establishment of Wayne Shorter in the lineup.

Four & More
'Four' & More: Recorded Live in Concert is a live album by Miles Davis. It was recorded at the Philharmonic Hall of Lincoln Center on February 12, 1964 and released two years later. Two albums were assembled from the concert recording: the up-tempo pieces were issued on this album, while My Funny Valentine consists of the slow and medium-tempo numbers.
Apple A17
The Apple A17 Pro is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, and manufactured by TSMC. It is used in the iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max, and iPad Mini (7th generation) models and is the first widely available SoC to be built on a 3 nm process. This chip does not have a non-Pro variant, as Apple moved to the TSMC N3E manufacturing node technology and announced the A18 Series on September 9, 2024 through February 19, 2025, with the A18 and the A18 Pro respectively replacing the A15 Bionic (exclusively on the entry-level iPhone models with 5-core GPU), A16 Bionic (exclusively on the standard iPhone models with 5-core GPU) and the A17 Pro (exclusively on the premium iPhone models with 6-core GPU) on the new iPhone 16 lineup.

Apple A15
The Apple A15 Bionic is a  64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. It is used in the iPhone 13 and 13 Mini, iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max, iPad Mini (6th generation), iPhone SE (3rd generation), iPhone 14 and 14 Plus and Apple TV 4K (3rd generation).
Placide Nicod
Placide Nicod (29 January 1876, in Bottens – 1 August 1953, in Évian-les-Bains) was a Swiss orthopedic surgeon. He was considered to be the top French-speaking Swiss orthopedist of his time.

He studied medicine at the University of Geneva, and afterwards, was an assistant to surgeon César Roux in Lausanne. From 1903 he worked as an assistant at the orthopedic hospital in Lausanne, where from 1905 to 1948 he served as chief physician and director.

In 1912 he opened a private clinic for orthopedic physical therapy in Lausanne, and during the following year, obtained his habilitation for orthopedics. Later on in his career, he was an associate professor of orthopedics (1931–47) and physiotherapy (1935–47) at the University of Lausanne. In 1942–44 he served as dean to the faculty of medicine.

His medical papers were published in the journals Revue suisse de médecine and Revue médicale de la Suisse romande.

César Roux
César Roux (23 March 1857, in Mont-la-Ville – 21 December 1934, in Lausanne) was a Swiss surgeon, who described the Roux-en-Y procedure.

He studied medicine at the University of Bern, where his influences included Christoph Theodor Aeby and Theodor Langhans. Following graduation in 1880, he remained in Bern as an assistant to Theodor Kocher. In 1887 he became chief of both surgical departments at the cantonal hospital in Lausanne.

In 1885 he was named an associate professor of forensic medicine at the Academy of Lausanne, and when the academy achieved university status in 1890, he was appointed director of the surgical clinic at the faculty of medicine.

In 1926, Roux performed the first successful surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma.
Anadolu Shipyard
Anadolu Shipyard (Turkish: Anadolu Deniz İnşaat Kızakları San. ve Tic. A.Ş.) (ADİK) is a Turkish shipyard located in Tuzla, Istanbul. The shipyard mostly builds amphibious warfare ships as part of the defense industry.

Tuzla, Istanbul
Tuzla is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. It has a population of 288,878 (2022) and a land area of 138 km2 . It is on the Asian side of the city next to the municipality of Pendik. Tuzla is on a headland on the coast of Marmara Sea, at the eastern limit of the city. The mayor is Eren Ali Bingöl (CHP).
13th Visual Effects Society Awards
The 13th Visual Effects Society Awards was held in Los Angeles at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on February 4, 2015, in honor to the best visual effects in film and television of 2014. Patton Oswalt was the host.

Visual Effects Society
The Visual Effects Society (VES) is an entertainment industry organization representing visual effects practitioners including artists, animators, technologists, model makers, educators, studio leaders, supervisors, PR/marketing specialists and producers in film, television, commercials, music videos, and video games. It has about 5,000 members in 50 countries.  Since 2002 it has produced the Visual Effects Society Awards which honor the best work of the previous year in various categories.
Manche storage centre
The Centre de stockage de la Manche (CSM)(Manche storage centre) is the oldest French radioactive waste storage centre. It is located in the commune of La Hague, bordering on the La Hague site. The CSM was created in 1969 and then received nuclear waste until it reached saturation in 1994. According to Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (ANDRA)'s inventory, the waste stored includes approximately 1,469,265 packages, corresponding to 527,225 m³, mainly from nuclear power generation (nuclear power plants and facilities corresponding to nuclear fuel cycle front end and back end).

Hurd's Deep, used in the 1950s and 1960s for the dumping of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, is located in the vicinity.

Ocean disposal of radioactive waste
From 1946 through 1993, thirteen countries used ocean disposal or ocean dumping as a method to dispose of nuclear/radioactive waste with an approximation of 200,000 tons sourcing mainly from the medical, research and nuclear industry.

The waste materials included both liquids and solids housed in various containers, as well as reactor vessels, with and without spent or damaged nuclear fuel. Since 1993, ocean disposal has been banned by international treaties. (London Convention (1972), Basel Convention, MARPOL 73/78). There has only been the disposal of low level radioactive waste (LLW) thus far in terms of ocean dumping as high level waste has been strictly prohibited.

Ocean floor disposal (or sub-seabed disposal)—a more deliberate method of delivering radioactive waste to the ocean floor and depositing it into the seabed—was studied by the United Kingdom and Sweden, but never implemented.
Constantine O'Neale
Constantine O'Neale (c. 1620 – 1692) was an Irish Jacobite politician.

O'Neale was the son of Richard Neale of County Wexford.

On 2 December 1664, O'Neale was made a justice of the peace for County Wexford and in 1667 he was granted estates in New Ross by Charles II of England.  A supporter of James II after the Glorious Revolution, O'Neale was a Member of Parliament for Armagh Borough in the brief Patriot Parliament called by James II in 1689. He died in 1692.

Patriot Parliament
The Patriot Parliament is the name commonly used for the Irish Parliament session called by King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland which lasted from 1688 to 1691. The first since 1666, it held only one session, which lasted from 7 May 1689 to 20 July 1689. Irish nationalist historian Sir Charles Gavan Duffy first used the term Patriot Parliament in 1893.

The House of Commons was 70 members short since there were no elections in the northern counties; as a result, its members were overwhelmingly Old English and Catholic. Sir Richard Nagle was elected speaker, while the House of Lords was led by Baron Fitton; the opposition was led by Anthony Dopping, a Church of Ireland cleric who served as the Bishop of Meath.

The term is controversial, for this Parliament was deeply divided. The deliberate destruction of its records after 1695 means that assessments, both negative and positive, often rely on individual accounts.
James Howard (dramatist)
James Howard (c. 1640 – July 1669) was an English dramatist and member of a Royalist family during the English Civil War and the Restoration.

He was the second son of Thomas Howard (1621-1689) and his wife, Walburga or Werburge van der Kerchove. His father Thomas was the second son of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, and the younger brother of James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk.

Howard married  Charlotte Fitzroy, a daughter of the Stuart King Charles II and Elizabeth Killigrew. Their daughter was named Stuarta Werburge Howard after Howard's mother and after his wife.

James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk
James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, KB (10 February 1606/07 – December 1688), and 3rd Baron Howard de Walden (1619–1688), eldest son of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk. Howard was honoured with knighthood in the Order of the Bath in 1626, and was a joint-commissioner of the parliament to Charles I the same year. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War, and was a courtier after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660. He was lord-lieutenant of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire and gentleman of the bedchamber, 1660–1682.
Sorana (Pescia)
Sorana is a village (frazione) in the municipality of Pescia in the province of Pistoia in Tuscany, Italy.
It lies along the Pescia River on the slope of Monte Petritulo in the foothills of the Apennine Mountains about twelve kilometers from Montecatini Terme. In 1994, it had 300 inhabitants.: viii  The area is known for its production of the Sorana bean.

Sorana is one of the Ten Castella in the local area known as the Valleriana and nicknamed Svizzera Pesciatina. The other castelle are Aramo, Castelvecchio, Fibbialla, Medicina, Pietrabuona, Pontito, San Quirico, Stiappa, and Vellano, plus an eleventh, Lignana, which is in ruins. The castella villages are built from pietra serena stone.

Province of Pistoia
The province of Pistoia (Italian: provincia di Pistoia) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Spread across 964.12 square kilometres (372.25 mi2), it is a landlocked province with the seat at the city of Pistoia. It had a population of 291,788 inhabitants as of 2015.
Voie des Fêtes and the voie navette of the Paris Métro
The Voie des Fêtes and the voie navette of the Paris Métro are two single-track connecting tunnels between lines 3 bis at the Porte des Lilas station, and 7 bis at the Place des Fêtes and Pré-Saint-Gervais stations, in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.

The Voie des Fêtes takes its name from the station where it originates and it is on this track that the Haxo ghost station is located.

The Voie navette takes its name from a shuttle that ran between the termini of lines 3 and 7 (now 3 bis and 7 bis) from 1921 to 1939. During the 1950s, it served as a testing ground for the RATP, notably for the first tests of automatic piloting in 1951, and then for the world's first rubber-tired metro prototype, the MP 51, from 1952 to 1956.

Ghost station
A ghost station  is a closed or never opened train station through which revenue-service passenger trains (especially rapid transit trains) pass but at which they do not stop. The term is also sometimes used for any unused underground station or any unused station, whether or not trains pass through them. In Germany, a station that has been built in the course of constructing something else as a so-called "Bauvorleistung" (roughly: construction pre-effort) is referred to as a "ghost station", despite the different purpose and origin of the terms. Some English-language publications also refer to "pre-built" stations or parts thereof that have yet to see service as "ghost stations".
73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot
The 73rd Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1780. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 42nd Regiment of Foot to form the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) in 1881.

Siege of Mangalore
The siege of Mangalore was conducted during the Second Anglo-Mysore War by Tipu Sultan and forces of the Kingdom of Mysore against a British East India Company garrison led by Colonel Campbell.  The port city of Mangalore on the west coast of India was besieged from 20 May 1783 until the garrison capitulated on 30 January 1784 after being reduced to starvation; of the original garrison of 700 British soldiers and 2000 Indian troops there were only 850 survivors.  The siege was one of the last major actions of the war; Mangalore was where the treaty ending the war was signed in March 1784.
Sumatran muntjac
The Sumatran muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak montanus) is a subspecies of Indian muntjac in the deer family which can be the size of a large dog. Discovered in 1914, it had not been sighted since 1930 until one was snared and freed from a hunter's snare in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia in 2002. Two other Sumatran muntjac have since been photographed in the park. The Sumatran muntjac was placed on the IUCN Red List in 2008, but was listed as Data Deficient, as taxonomic issues are still unresolved (it has been considered either a distinct species, M. montanus, or a subspecies M. muntjak montanus of the common muntjac). The distribution of the taxon is also uncertain and may be more extensive than suggested. It is possible that some previous sightings of the common muntjac in Western Sumatra were the Sumatran muntjac.

Northern red muntjac
The Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) is a species of muntjac. It is found in numerous countries of south-central and southeast Asia.

The northern red muntjac inhabits various forest types, from tropical rainforests to deciduous and evergreen forests, and is adaptable to secondary forests and human-altered landscapes.

Males are characterized by short antlers and elongated upper canines, which they use in territorial and mating disputes. The species is known for its distinctive bark-like calls, serving as alarm signals or communication between individuals.
E2 European long distance path
The E2 European long distance path or E2 path is a 4850 km (3010-mile) series of long-distance footpaths that is intended to run from Galway in Ireland to France's Mediterranean coast and currently runs through Scotland, England, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, with an alternative mid-section equally designated via the Netherlands and east coast of England and (since 2025) an alternative starting point at John o'Groats in Scotland. It is one of the network of European long-distance paths.

The paths are aimed at walkers; alternative routes exist in some parts for horse riders and cyclists.

European long-distance paths
The European long-distance paths (E-paths) are a network of long-distance footpaths that traverse Europe. While most long-distance footpaths on the continent are located in just one country or region, each of these numbered long-distance trails passes through many countries.

The first long-distance hiking trail in Europe was the National Blue Trail of Hungary, established in 1938. The formation of the European Union in 1993 made transnational hiking trails possible. Presently, the network consists of 12 paths and covers more than 65,000 kilometres (40,000 mi), crisscrossing the continent. In general, the routes connect and make use of existing national and local trails, such as the GR footpaths.

The trails are officially designated by the European Ramblers' Association.
Barnardia numidica
Barnardia numidica is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae). It is one of the two species of the genus Barnardia, although evidence suggests that B. numidica is not related to the other species B. japonica and should be transferred to a genus of its own.

Barnardia japonica
Barnardia japonica, the Japanese jacinth or murut, is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae). It is one of the two species of the genus Barnardia, found in east China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and East Russia.