hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newbury College (United States)
Newbury College was a private college in Brookline, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1962.

The college was accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) but was placed on probation in June 2018, when its worsening financial standing was determined to pose a potential violation of NEASC's accreditation requirements. In December 2018, the college announced that it would close at the end of the 2018–19 academic year.

Lasell University was named as Newbury's institution of record and provides enrollment verifications and copies of transcripts for Newbury students, though Lasell does not possess archival material from Newbury.

Lasell University
Lasell University (LU) is a private university in Newton, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1851 as a women's seminary. It became a college in 1932, a four-year institution in 1989, coeducational in 1997, and a university proper in 2019. The campus spans 54 acres and is located in the village of Auburndale.

Lasell offers bachelor's, master's, and graduate degrees in several disciplines. The university participates in NCAA Division III athletics, as well as having a student newspaper, a student yearbook, and a student-run radio station.
Shadanand Municipality
Shadanand (Nepali: षडानन्द) is an urban municipality located in Bhojpur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. It was named after Bala Guru Shadananda.

The municipality was established on 2 December 2014 by merging the Village Development Committees of Keurepani, Khartimchha, Kimalung, Mulpani and Tunggochha. It had an area of 101.5 km2 (39.2 sq mi) and had a combined population of 13,272 inhabitants.

On 10 March 2017 more Village Development Committees were incorporated into Shadanand municipality and the total area of the municipality increased to 241.15 square kilometres (93.11 sq mi) and the total population to 31,610. The VDCs incorporated into the municipality were: Nepaledanda, Kudak Kaule, Deurali, Sangpang and Boya.

The municipality is divided into total 14 wards and the headquarters of the municipality is situated in Dingla Bazar.

Kudak Kaule
Kudak Kaule is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2734 persons living in 507 individual households.
Andørja Municipality
Andørja is a former municipality in Troms county in Norway. The 135-square-kilometre (52 sq mi) municipality existed from 1926 until its dissolution in 1964. The area now makes up the northeastern half of Ibestad Municipality. It encompassed the entire island of Andørja plus a number of other small islands and skerries surrounding it. The administrative centre was located at Engenes where the Andørja Church was also located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 135.4-square-kilometre (52.3 sq mi) municipality was the 455th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Andørja Municipality was the 558th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,343. The municipality's population density was 9.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (26/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 3.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Engenes
Engenes is a small fishing village in Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located on the northwestern tip of the island of Andørja. The village is home to Andørja Church, the main church for the island.
Yunis Al Astal
Yunis Al Astal (Arabic: يونس الأسطل; born 1956) is a Palestinian politician, Islamic preacher and Hamas member of the Palestinian Legislative Council for the Khan Yunis Governorate. He writes on topics such as Islamic law (fiqh), sociology and politics.

MEMRI
The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), officially the Middle East Media and Research Institute, is an American non-profit press monitoring organization. MEMRI tracks and translates Arabic and Muslim media, including extremist comments by Arab and Iranian leaders and communications from terrorist groups.

MEMRI was co-founded by Israeli ex-intelligence officer Yigal Carmon and Israeli-American political scientist Meyrav Wurmser in 1998. MEMRI describes itself as being independent and non-partisan. Some critics have described MEMRI as aiming to portray the Arab world and the Islamic world in a negative light by producing and disseminating incomplete or inaccurate translations of the original versions of the media reports that it republishes.
USS Alliance (1778)
USS Alliance was a 36-gun frigate of the Continental Navy. Originally named Hancock, she was laid down in 1777 on the Merrimack River at Amesbury, Massachusetts, by the partners and cousins, William and James K. Hackett, launched on 28 April 1778, and renamed Alliance on 29 May 1778 by resolution of the Continental Congress. Her first commanding officer was Capt. Pierre Landais, a former officer of the French Navy who had come to the New World hoping to become a naval counterpart of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette. The frigate's first captain was widely accepted as such in America. Massachusetts made him an honorary citizen and the Continental Congress gave him command of Alliance, thought to be the finest warship built to that date on the western side of the Atlantic.

Rigging
Rigging comprises the system of ropes, cables and chains, which support and control a sailing ship or sail boat's masts and sails.  Standing rigging is the fixed rigging that supports masts including shrouds and stays.  Running rigging is rigging which adjusts the position of the vessel's sails and spars including halyards, braces, sheets and vangs.
Mehmet Ağar
Mehmet Kemal Ağar (born on 30 October 1951) is a Turkish former police chief, politician, government minister and leader of the Democratic Party. He was a police officer who rose to General Director of the General Directorate of Security (effectively national police chief), serving from 1993 to 1995, before entering parliament and serving as a government minister in 1996. Under his reign a close relationship developed between the deep state in Turkey, the Grey Wolves, and the Turkish mafia.  It took 15 years until he was tried and sentenced for criminal activities relating to the 1996 Susurluk scandal; he was incarcerated in April 2012 but already released on probation in April 2013.

From 2018-2021 he managed the luxury marina "Yalikavak Marina" near Bodrum, but was forced to resign after mafia boss Sedat Peker blew the whistle with his 2021 videos.

1995 Turkish general election
General elections were held in Turkey on Sunday 24 December 1995, triggered by the newly re-established Republican People's Party's (CHP) withdrawal from a coalition government with the True Path Party (DYP). The coalition had been in government for four years, having been formed by the Social Democratic Populist Party, the CHP's predecessor.

The elections inaugurated a 550-member parliament, its largest membership. The religious Welfare Party (RP) had the largest membership but not a majority standing in the body. The Democratic Left Party (DSP) also made significant gains at the expense of the CHP, which barely crossed the election barrier. The election was also the first time an openly Kurdish party – the People's Democracy Party – contested. It was the leading party in several provinces, but won no seats due to failing to cross the 10% electoral threshold.
Llandrindod Wells transmitting station
The Llandrindod Wells transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located on high ground about midway between Llandrindod Wells and Rhayader, in Powys, Wales. It was originally built by the BBC, entering service in 1961 transmitting the now-defunct 405-line VHF television system and the original three FM radio services.

Currently, the transmitter provides DVB-T digital television to the area, along with FM radio and a single multiplex of DAB digital radio.

Carmel transmitting station
The Carmel transmitting station, located half a mile (0.8km) SSW of the village of  Carmel in Carmarthenshire, has been broadcasting terrestrial TV and radio services since the mid-1970s. The TV coverage area for the Carmel transmission station includes most of Carmarthenshire, the southern and eastern parts of Pembrokeshire; the southern fringes of Powys and Ceredigion; the northern part of Swansea. The Carmel signal is also receivable in parts of Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend and Rhondda Cynon Taff. Places as far away as Merthyr Tydfil and the north Devon coast are also able to receive signals from Carmel.

Carmel started to switch over to digital terrestrial TV broadcast services on 26 August 2009.
2023 in Israel
The year 2023 in Israel was defined first by wide-scale protests against a proposed judicial reform, and then by the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, which led to Gaza war and to Israel invading the Gaza Strip.

Tulkarm
32°18′45″N 35°1′36″E﻿ / ﻿32.31250°N 35.02667°E﻿ / 32.31250; 35.02667

Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine and the capital of the Tulkarm Governorate. Netanya is to the west in Israel, while Nablus and Jenin are to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532. Tulkarm is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
National Institute of Public Administration (Damascus)
The National Institute of Public Administration, (Arabic: الْمَعْهَدُ الْوَطَنيٍّ لِلْإِدَارَةِ الْعَامَّةِ, romanized: al-Maʿhad al-Waṭanī li l-ʾIdārat al-ʿAmmāh; French: Institut national d'administration) is a Syrian government school responsible for the training of civil servants in management and administration. Its main office and training center is located in At-Tal, near Damascus.

Al-Tall District
al-Tall District (Arabic: منطقة التل, romanized: manṭiqat al-Tall) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of al-Tall. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 115,937. As of July 2023, the population was estimated to be 275,252, of whom 188,263 were IDPS.
Sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
Sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS) is an important component of laundry detergents and bleaches.  It is known as a bleach activator for active oxygen sources, allowing formulas containing hydrogen peroxide releasing chemicals (specifically sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perphosphate, sodium persulfate, and urea peroxide) to effect bleaching at lower temperatures.

Sodium perborate
Sodium perborate are chemical compounds with chemical formula [Na+]2[B2O4(OH)4]2−(H2O)x. Commonly encountered salts are the anhydrous form (x = 0) and as a hexahydrate (x = 6).  These two species are sometimes called, respectively, "monohydrate" or PBS-1 and "tetrahydrate" or PBS-4, after the historic assumption that NaBO3 would be the anhydrous form). Both the anhydrous and hexahydrate salts are white, odorless, water-soluble solids.

Peroxyborates are widely used in laundry detergents, as one of the peroxide-based bleaches.

Sodium perborate was first obtained in 1898, independently, by Sebastian Tanatar and by P. Melikoff and L. Pissadewsky; the researchers prepared sodium perborate by treating sodium borate with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide, but Tanatar also obtained sodium perborate by electrolysis of a solution of sodium borate.
2010 Estoril Open – Women's doubles
Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears were the defenders of championship title, but Kops-Jones chose to participate in Rome instead and Spears chose not to play.
Sorana Cîrstea and Anabel Medina Garrigues won in the final 6–1, 7–5, against Vitalia Diatchenko and Aurélie Védy.

2010 Italian Open – Women's doubles
Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai were the defending champions, but Hsieh chose not to compete this year and Peng chose to compete in Estoril instead.
6th-seeded Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta won in the final 6–4, 6–2, against 2nd-seeded Nuria Llagostera Vives and María José Martínez Sánchez.
Providence Milwaukie Hospital
Providence Milwaukie Hospital is a 77-bed acute care hospital in Milwaukie, Oregon, US. Located in the Portland metropolitan area, it is owned by Providence Health & Services. Opened in 1968, it was originally Dwyer Memorial Hospital, a private hospital, before becoming a community hospital a few years after opening.

Milwaukie, Oregon
Milwaukie /mɪlˈwɔːki/ is a city mostly in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States; a very small portion of the city extends into Multnomah County. The population was 21,119 at the 2020 census. Founded in 1847 on the banks of the Willamette River, the city, known as the Dogwood City of the West, was incorporated in 1903 and is the birthplace of the Bing cherry. The city is now a suburb of Portland and also adjoins the unincorporated areas of Clackamas and Oak Grove.
Chris Robertson (American football)
Christopher M. Robertson is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Worcester Polytechnic Institute, a position he has held since 2010. In 2010, he was named the 18th head coach at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 2019, he was named Division II/III New England Coach of the Year by the New England Football Writers.

A graduate of the Albany Great Danes, Robertson was previously the head coach at Salve Regina University in Newport, Rhode Island from 2006 to 2009.

Worcester Polytechnic Institute
The Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) is a private research university in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1865, WPI was one of the United States' first engineering and technology universities and now has 14 academic departments with over 50 bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degree programs. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
Prince Yeongpyeong
Prince Yeongpyeong (Korean: 영평군; Hanja: 永平君; 30 August 1828 – 1 February 1902), personal name Yi Gyeong-eung (이경응; 李景應), was a member of the Royal Jeonju Yi clan, as the second son of Grand Internal Prince Jeongye, and the second eldest half-brother of Cheoljong of Joseon. He was the last surviving great-great-grandson of Yeongjo of Joseon.

Crown Prince Sohyeon
Crown Prince Sohyeon (Korean: 소현세자; Hanja: 昭顯世子, 5 February 1612 – 21 May 1645) was the first son of King Injo of Joseon Dynasty.

Sohyeon was a hostage in the Manchu court at Shenyang, by the terms of the peace treaty concluded after War in 1636. He moved to Beijing in 1644, and communicated with the Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell there. Sohyeon died not long after his return to Korea in 1645.
Cephalotaxus
Cephalotaxus, commonly called plum yew or cowtail pine, is a genus of conifers comprising 11 species, either considered the only member of the family Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to eastern Asia, though fossil evidence shows it had a wider Northern Hemisphere distribution in the past. The species are evergreen shrubs and small trees reaching 1.0–10 metres (3–33 ft) (rarely to 20 metres (66 ft)) tall.

Messel Pit
The Messel Pit is a fossil preservation site in Hesse, central Germany, dated to the Eocene epoch (about 47 Ma). The fossil-bearing rock unit is a geologic formation named the Messel Formation; its geographic range is restricted to the Messel pit. There, the formation unconformably overlies crystalline Variscan basement and its Permian cover (Rotliegend) as well as Eocene volcanic breccias derived from the basement rocks. The formation mainly comprises lacustrine laminated bituminous shale ("oil shale") renowned for its content of fossils in exceptional preservation, particularly plants, arthropods and vertebrates (e.g. Darwinius masillae).
2006 South Carolina state elections
The 2006 South Carolina State Elections took place on November 7, 2006, and included the gubernatorial election. All nine popularly elected constitutional officers were up for reelection, and all races except the Attorney General's were contested.  The entire South Carolina House of Representatives, one state senator and six state circuit solicitors were also up for election.  Several constitutional amendments were also on the ballot.

Filing for the major parties closed on March 28, 2006, and filing for minor parties closed on August 15. The primaries for both parties were held on June 13, and run-offs were held June 27.  All results are taken from the South Carolina Election Commission's official results. Percentages may not add up to 100 because of rounding.

Property tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called millage) is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.

The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.

Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements.

Under a property tax system, the government requires or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.
John Blythe (Jamaican politician)
John Blythe (died 1830s) was the owner of the Kendal and Tweedside estates in Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. He was elected to the House of Assembly of Jamaica in 1820.

His son with Mary, "a free woman of colour", was the chemist John Buddle Blyth.

Westmoreland Parish
Westmoreland (Jamaican Patois: Wesmolan) is the westernmost parish in Jamaica, on the south side of the island. It lies south of Hanover, southwest of Saint James, and northwest of Saint Elizabeth, in the county of Cornwall. The chief town and capital is Savanna-la-Mar. Negril, a famous tourist destination, is also situated in the parish.
Islam: What the West Needs to Know
Islam: What the West Needs to Know is a 2006 propaganda film produced by Quixotic Media. It features discussions using passages from religious texts and includes commentaries by Robert Spencer, Serge Trifkovic, Bat Ye'or, Abdullah Al-Araby, and Walid Shoebat. The film premiered at the American Film Renaissance Festival in Hollywood on January 15, 2006, and had a limited theatrical release in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Atlanta in summer 2006.

Robert B. Spencer
Robert Bruce Spencer (born February 27, 1962) is an American anti-Muslim author and blogger, and one of the key figures of the counter-jihad movement. Spencer founded and has directed the blog Jihad Watch since 2003. In 2010 he co-founded the organization Stop Islamization of America with Pamela Geller.

Three of Spencer's books reached The New York Times Best Seller list. Reports that two of Spencer's books were listed in FBI training materials and that he had given seminars to various law enforcement units in the United States stirred controversy. In 2013, the UK Home Office barred Spencer from travel to the United Kingdom for three to five years for "making statements  that may foster hatred that might lead to inter-community violence". He has frequently appeared on Fox News.
Stock split
A stock split or stock divide increases the number of shares in a company. For example, after a 2-for-1 split, each investor will own double the number of shares, and each share will be worth half as much. 
A stock split causes a decrease of market price of individual shares, but does not change the total market capitalization of the company: stock dilution does not occur.

A company may split its stock when the market price per share is so high that it becomes unwieldy when traded. One of the reasons is that a very high share price may deter small investors from buying the shares. Stock splits are usually initiated after a large run up in share price.

Stock dilution
Stock dilution, also known as equity dilution,  is the decrease in existing shareholders' ownership percentage of a company as a result of the company issuing new equity. New equity increases the total shares outstanding which has a dilutive effect on the ownership percentage of existing shareholders.  This increase in the number of shares outstanding can result from a primary market offering (including an initial public offering), employees exercising stock options, or by issuance or conversion of convertible bonds, preferred shares or warrants into stock. This dilution can shift fundamental positions of the stock such as ownership percentage, voting control, earnings per share, and the value of individual shares.
Venice Lido
The Lido, or Venice Lido (Italian: Lido di Venezia), is an 11-kilometre-long (7-mile) barrier island  in the Venetian Lagoon, Northern Italy; it is home to about 20,400 residents.  The Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido in late August/early September.

San Servolo
San Servolo ['sɛrvolo] is an Italian island in the Venetian Lagoon, to the southeast of San Giorgio Maggiore. Earlier housing a monastery of Benedictine monks, later an asylum for the insane, the island is now home to a museum and Venice International University.
Daryapur Assembly constituency
Daryapur Assembly constituency is one of the 288 constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the eight which are located in Amravati district. It is reserved for Scheduled Caste candidates.

It is a part of the Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency) along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. Badnera, Amravati, Teosa, Melghat (ST) and Achalpur.

The remaining two Dhamangaon Railway and Morshi constituencies are part of the Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency) in the adjoining Wardha district.

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 40 Daryapur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 
1. Daryapur Tehsil, 2. Anjangaon Surji Tehsil 3. Achalpur Tehsil (Part), Revenue Circle Rasegaon of the district.

Amravati district
Amravati district (Marathi pronunciation: [əmɾaːʋət̪iː]) is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. It is the administrative headquarter of Amravati division, which is one of the two divisions in Vidarbha (other being Nagpur), out of total 6 regions in state of Maharashtra.

The district is situated between 20°32' and 21°46' north latitudes and 76°37' and 78°27' east longitudes. The district occupies an area of 12,235 km2. The district has boundaries with Betul District of Madhya Pradesh state to the north, and with the Maharashtra districts of Nagpur to the northeast, Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh to the northeast Wardha to the east, Yavatmal to the south, Washim to the southwest, and Akola and Buldhana districts to the west.
Denzil Minnan-Wong
Denzil Minnan-Wong (born c. 1963) is a former Canadian politician who was the statutory deputy mayor of Toronto from 2014 to 2022, representing North York. Minnan-Wong served on Toronto City Council from 1995 to 2022, representing a succession of wards in the Don Mills.

2018 Ontario general election
General elections were held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature and formed a majority government. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161-year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor-crossing during the 41st Parliament.