hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mapuche military
The Mapuche were a bellic culture, and their history was plagued by wars and conflicts since they began to settle in the Araucanía; they believed that history was created through warfare, and thus engaged in many military conflicts.

Aillarehue
Aillarehue or Ayllarehue (from the Mapudungun: ayllarewe/ayjarewe: "nine rehues"); a confederation of rehues or family-based units (lof) that dominated a region or province. It was the old administrative and territorial division of the Mapuche, Huilliche and the extinct Picunche people.  Aillarehue acted as a unit only on special festive, religious, political and especial military occasions. Several aillarehues formed the Butalmapu, the largest military and political organization of the Mapuche.
Marie Maxime Cornu
Marie Maxime Cornu (July 16, 1843, in Orléans – April 3, 1901 in Paris) was a French botanist and mycologist. He was a younger brother of physicist Alfred Cornu (1841–1902).

He studied at the École normale supérieure, and in 1872 received his doctorate in natural sciences. He served as aide-naturaliste at Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, where from 1876 he worked as a lecturer of botany. From 1883 to 1901 he was chair of horticulture at the museum. In 1897 he was named president of the Société botanique de France.

He is remembered for his research of cryptogams, as well as his investigations involving agents of plant diseases, in particular Phylloxera vastatrix, a pest that caused extensive damage to French vineyards and negatively affected wine production. In 1896 he circumscribed the botanical genus Schoenlandia (family Tecophilaeaceae).

He is buried in the Pere Lachaise cemetery (Division 20), in Paris.

Alfred Cornu
Marie Alfred Cornu (French: [kɔʁny]; 6 March 1841 – 12 April 1902) was a French physicist and professor of École polytechnique. The Cornu spiral, a graphical device for the computation of light intensities in Augustin-Jean Fresnel's model of near-field diffraction, is named after him. The spiral (or clothoid) is also used in geometric design of roads. The Cornu depolarizer is also named after him.
IMSA GT classes
IMSA GT classes are former classifications of sports prototypes in sports car racing competing in the IMSA GT Championship. The classes were used at different, overlapping times during the period from 1971 to 1998, over which the championship ran.

Dodge Dart
The Dodge Dart is a line of passenger cars produced by Dodge from the 1959 to 1976 model years in North America, with production extended to later years in various other markets.

The production Dodge Dart was introduced as a lower-priced full-size model in 1960 and 1961, but became a mid-size car for one model year for 1962, and was then reduced to a compact for two generations, from 1963 to 1976.

Chrysler had first used 'Dart' name plates on two Italian styled show cars, in 1956 and 1957, before it became a Dodge model name. The Dart nameplate was resurrected for a Fiat-derived compact car that was introduced in 2012.
Drijber
Drijber is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 9 km north of Hoogeveen.

The village was first mentioned in 1217 as Triburd, and means "three neighbourhoods". The area around Drijber was first settled around 300 BC, however it was abandoned around 425.

Drijber was home to 68 people in 1840. In 1928, a little church was built in the village.

Midden-Drenthe
Midden-Drenthe (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɪdə(n) ˈdrɛntə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality was created in 1998, in a merger of the former municipalities of Beilen, Smilde, and Westerbork. Between 1998 and 2000, the name of the municipality was Middenveld.
Stellar dynamics
Stellar dynamics is the branch of astrophysics which describes in a statistical way the collective motions of stars subject to their mutual gravity. The essential difference from celestial mechanics is that the number of body

Typical galaxies have upwards of millions of macroscopic gravitating bodies and countless number of neutrinos and perhaps other dark microscopic bodies. Also each star contributes more or less equally to the total gravitational field, whereas in celestial mechanics the pull of a massive body dominates any satellite orbits.

Jeans equations
The Jeans equations are a set of partial differential equations that describe the motion of a collection of stars in a gravitational field. The Jeans equations relate the second-order velocity moments to the density and potential of a stellar system for systems without collision. They are analogous to the Euler equations for fluid flow and may be derived from the collisionless Boltzmann equation. The Jeans equations can come in a variety of different forms, depending on the structure of what is being modelled. Most utilization of these equations has been found in simulations with large number of gravitationally bound objects.
Dog café
A dog café is a type of business establishment where typically customers pay to spend time with domesticated canines for purposes of entertainment and relaxation. Such cafés may also provide other services such as food and beverages. It is a type of animal café.

Dog cafés can be found in many countries, ranging from places such as New York, California, and Vietnam. At some dog cafés, the dogs are owned and provided by the businesses themselves, whereas at others, patrons bring their own dogs to socialize with other dogs.

In 2024, two dog cafés in New York City were saved from closure by locals. Over $20,000 was raised in a few days via a GoFundMe page, with an additional one bringing in over $250,000.

Animal cafe
An animal café, also known as a pet café, is a place where people can see and interact with various animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, owls, or sheep while they enjoy the food and drinks. The first animal café was a cat cafe established in 1998 in Taiwan. Since then a number of cafes for various animals have been established globally and become increasingly popular.
Demographics of San Francisco
The 2020 United States Census reported that San Francisco had a population of 873,965—an increase from the 2010 Census count of 805,235. The 2022 Census Bureau American Community Survey put the population at 808,437: a decrease of 65,528 from 2020. With a population density of 18,633 per square mile (7,194/km2), San Francisco is the second-most densely populated major American city, behind only New York (among cities greater than 200,000 population).

San Francisco is the traditional focal point of the San Francisco Bay Area and forms part of the five-county San Francisco–Oakland–Hayward, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region of 4.6 million people.  It is also part of the greater 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area, whose population is over 8.75 million, making it the fifth-largest in the United States as of July 1, 2016.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
Mother-in-Law Island
Mother-in-Law Island is an island in the Thimble Islands group, part of the Stony Creek–Thimble Islands Historic District on Long Island Sound in Branford, Connecticut. It is also known as Johnson Island, Prudden Island, and Little Stooping Bush. One house, a frame-structured house built around 1965, stands on the island.

Branford, Connecticut
Branford is a shoreline town located on Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, about 6 miles (10 km) east of downtown New Haven. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. Branford borders East Haven to the west, Guilford to the east, and North Branford to the north. The population was 28,273 in the 2020 census.
Garbiñe Abasolo
Garbiñe Abasolo García (born May 17, 1964) is a Spanish model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the first Miss Spain from the Basque region. She was crowned in 1983. She later went on to represent Spain in both Miss Universe 1984 and Miss Europe 1984 where she didn't win but was chosen as Miss Photogenic in both pageants. She has been the only contestant from Spain to be chosen for both pageants. She is married and mother of two children.

Miss Europe 1984
Miss Europe 1984 was the 43rd edition of the Miss Europe pageant and the 32nd edition under the Mondial Events Organization. It was held in Badgastein, Austria on February 17, 1984. Neşe Erberk of Turkey, was crowned Miss Europe 1984 by out going titleholder Nazlı Deniz Kuruoğlu of Turkey.
Robert Wingate
Robert Wingate (1832–1900) was a British civil engineer who built railways in Canada, the Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and Uruguay.

Wingate learned his trade under Alexander Ross on the Chester and Holyhead Railway and while working on the engineering staff of the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers. 
From 1853 he was engaged by Peto & Betts, initially designing the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. In 1863 he moved to Russia (now Latvia) to work on the Dunaburg & Witepsk Railway (modern day Daugavpils). He then went on to work on the East Hungarian railway, followed, in 1871, by the Central Uruguay Railway. He stayed on in Uruguay in charge of maintenance and extension works.

From 1877 he was a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He returned to UK in 1899, and died on 18 June 1900, aged 67, at the Uruguay Railway office in Finsbury Circus, London.

He is buried in West Norwood Cemetery.

West Norwood Cemetery
West Norwood Cemetery is a 40-acre (16 ha) rural cemetery in West Norwood in London, England. It was also known as the South Metropolitan Cemetery.
One of the first private landscaped cemeteries in London, it is one of the "Magnificent Seven" cemeteries of London, and is a site of major historical, architectural and ecological interest.

Its grounds are a mixture of historic monumental cemetery and modern lawn cemetery, but it also has catacombs, cremation plots and a columbarium for cinerary ashes. The cemetery's crematorium still operates, but all the conventional and cremated remains burial plots have been allocated and hence it is closed to new burials pending further agreement under current burial legislation.
2014 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament
The 2014 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament was the 33rd annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division III women's collegiate basketball in the United States.

Fairleigh Dickinson–Florham defeated Whitman in the championship game, 80–72, to claim the Devils' first Division III national title.

The championship rounds were hosted by the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point at the Bennett Court at Quandt Fieldhouse in Stevens Point, Wisconsin.

NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament
The NCAA Division III women's basketball championship is the annual tournament organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champions of women's collegiate basketball among its Division III members in the United States. It has been held every year since 1982 (when the NCAA began to sponsor women's sports at all three levels), except for 2020 or 2021 due to COVID-19.

Washington St. Louis has been the most successful program, with five national titles.

The most recent champions are NYU, who won their third national title in 2025.
Karmic (EP)
Karmic is the debut EP from American rock band Nada Surf, released in 1996. It was recorded in 1993 and 1994. The song "Treehouse" appeared on the band's first album High/Low. In 2007, Karmic was reissued under the Hi-Speed Soul label with bonus track "Pressure Free".

High/Low (album)
High/Low is the debut studio album by the American band Nada Surf, released in 1996. It contains the hit single "Popular". High/Low was produced by Ric Ocasek. Nada Surf supported it by touring with Superdrag and the Gravel Pit.
Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
Beijing Chaoyang Hospital  (simplified Chinese: 北京朝阳医院; traditional Chinese: 北京朝陽醫院; pinyin: Běijīng Cháoyáng Yīyuàn) is a hospital in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It is subordinate to the Beijing Municipal Healthcare Bureau. It is the third clinical hospital of the medical school of Capital Medical University. It has two campuses, the Main Campus and the Jingxi Campus, with a combined floor space of 210,000 square metres (2,300,000 sq ft) sitting on an area of 102,800 square metres (1,107,000 sq ft). The hospital has 3,600 medical and support staff members and room for 1,910 patients.

The hospital was founded on February 24, 1958.

Capital Medical University
Capital Medical University (CCMU; 首都医科大学) is a municipal public university in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the City of Beijing, and co-funded by the Beijing Municipal People's Government, the National Health Commission, and the Ministry of Education.

The university was founded in 1960 as the Beijing Second Medical College.
Altone D'Costa
Altone D'Costa (born 1976/77), is an Indian politician and businessman who currently serves as a member of Goa Legislative Assembly representing the Quepem Assembly constituency. D'Costa contested on Indian National Congress ticket in 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election and emerged victorious. He defeated former Deputy Chief Minister and four term BJP MLA, Chandrakant Kavlekar by a margin of 3601 votes.

Babu Kavlekar
Chandrakant "Babu" Kavlekar (born 7 May 1971) is an Indian  politician and former cabinet minister who served as the Minister of Town and Country Planning, Agriculture, Archives, Archaeology, Factories and Boilers of Goa in the Government of Goa. He belongs to Dhangar caste. He was a four-term member of the Goa Legislative Assembly and represented  the Quepem constituency from 2002 to 2022.
Battle of Kissingen
The Battle of Kissingen was a battle between Bavarian and Prussian troops on 10 July 1866 during the Austrian-Prussian War in and around the town of Kissingen (today: Bad Kissingen) in Bavaria. It was part of the campaign of the Main and ended with a victory of the Prussians.

Franconian Saale
The Franconian Saale (German: Fränkische Saale, pronounced [ˈfʁɛŋkɪʃə ˈzaːlə] ⓘ) is a 140 km long river in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right-bank tributary of the Main, in Lower Franconia. It should not be confused with the larger Saxon Saale (German: Sächsische Saale), which is a tributary of the Elbe River.

The Franconian Saale flows through Bad Königshofen, Bad Neustadt, Bad Kissingen, Hammelburg and flows into the Main River in Gemünden am Main.
Leptopelis grandiceps
Leptopelis grandiceps, the large headed forest treefrog, is a species of small tree frog. Females are thought to be larger than males based on the male lectotype and female allotype. They are endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania, where they inhabit forests near a water source. It's closely related to L. barbouri and L. uluguruensis. It's listed Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and populations are thought to be decreasing. Notably, L. grandiceps has a controversial nomenclature history.

Uluguru forest tree frog
The Uluguru forest tree frog or ruby-eyed tree frog (Leptopelis uluguruensis) is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae endemic to Tanzania.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Light (BGYO song)
"The Light" is the debut single of the Filipino boy group BGYO. It was released on 29 January 2021 as a Digital Single by Star Music. Written by the band members Gelo, Nate, Akira, Mikki and JL along with Distract, who has worked with SISTAR, NCT and GOT7; composed and arranged by Rogan and Ddank; mixing, mastering, and digital editing were done by Jang Tae In at Seoul Archive.

"The Light" surpassed 100,000 streams on Spotify in less than two weeks after its release and fifty-three days after, the song became part of Spotify's "RADAR Philippines 2021 Roster".

The music video of "The Light" has received more than a million YouTube views, 6 days after its release, and its the fastest debut music video by a P-pop group to reach 1 Million views in YouTube. It also broke the record for being the "Most Liked Music Video in a Debut Song" by a P-pop group of all time.

Pinoy Big Brother: Connect
The ninth season of the reality game show Pinoy Big Brother, subtitled Connect, aired on Kapamilya Channel and A2Z for 99 days from December 6, 2020, to March 14, 2021.

This was the fifth consecutive season that both civilian adults and teenagers participated in a season, and the first time since All In season to house them together as just one batch. Among all regular and special seasons, this season was the season with the shortest number of days (99; ties with Gen 11) of which a group of housemates representing an entire season have stayed in the house. The first season to feature three out of four finalists were never face the public for eviction.

Liofer Pinatacan was declared the winner of the season against then runner-up Andrea Abaya. Kobie Brown and Jie-Ann Armero finished as finalists.
2010–2013 Mountain West Conference realignment
The 2010–13 Mountain West Conference realignment refers to the Mountain West Conference (formally abbreviated as MW since July 2011; also MWC) dealing with several proposed and actual conference expansion and reduction plans among various NCAA conferences and institutions from 2010 to 2013. Moves that involved the MW were part of a much larger NCAA conference realignment in which the MW was one of the more impacted conferences. During this period, four schools that had been members at the beginning of the realignment cycle announced plans to join other conferences, and six schools announced plans to join the conference (five as all-sports members, and one for football only). Two schools—one a pre-2010 member, and the other joining during the cycle—had announced their upcoming departure, but later decided to stay in the MW.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
SMVD Katra–Amritsar Vande Bharat Express
The 26406/26405 SMVD Katra - Amritsar Vande Bharat Express is India's 72nd Vande Bharat Express train, which connects the divine Vaishno Devi Temple in the Temple City of Katra in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir with the economic metropolitan and capital city,Amritsar in the northwestern side of Punjab, India.

This express train was inaugurated on 10 August 2025, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi via video-conferencing from the Silicon City of Bengaluru in Karnataka.

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station (station code: SVDK) is a railway station on the Jammu Udhampur Srinagar Baramulla Railway Link in Reasi district in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It mainly serves the town of Katra where the major Hindu Shri Mata Vaishno Devi temple is situated. The temple is visited by millions of travellers per month via this station and its frequent special trains connectivity from all over India. The station belongs to the newly created Jammu division of Northern Railway zone in Jammu and Kashmir.
Gmina Nowinka
Gmina Nowinka, is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Nowinka, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Augustów and 92 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 203.84 square kilometres (78.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 2,904.

Augustów County
Augustów County (Polish: powiat augustowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest city is Augustów, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Lipsk, lying 32 km (20 mi) south-east of Augustów.

The county covers an area of 1,658.27 square kilometres (640.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 58,205.
2022 Hula Bowl
The 2022 Hula Bowl was a postseason college football all-star game played on January 15, 2022, with kickoff at 12:00 noon EST, at the Bounce House in Orlando, Florida. It was the first all-star contest of the 2021–22 bowl games and, while not restricted to FBS players, one of the final games of the 2021 FBS football season. Television coverage was provided by CBS Sports Network. This was the first playing of the Hula Bowl outside of Hawaii, due to Aloha Stadium near Honolulu being closed for renovations. The game rostered players into Aina and Kai teams, the words for land and sea in the Hawaiian language.

2021–22 NCAA football bowl games
The 2021–22 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football games scheduled to complete the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The main games concluded with the 2022 College Football Playoff National Championship played on January 10, 2022, while the all-star portion of the schedule concluded February 19, 2022.
Wang Changsong
Wang Changsong (Chinese: 王常松; pinyin: Wáng Chángsōng; born July 1962) is a Chinese politician, currently serving as chairman of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Wang was a representative of the 18th, 19th, and is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and is a member of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He was a member of the 12th, 13th and 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a delegate to the 12th and 13th National People's Congress.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.