hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Issey and St Tudy (electoral division)
St Issey and St Tudy (Cornish: Egloskrug hag Eglostudik) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Padstow, Wadebridge West and St Mabyn and St Teath and Tintagel.

St Teath and Tintagel (electoral division)
St Teath and Tintagel is an electoral ward in Cornwall in England for the Cornwall Council. It was created for the 2021 Cornwall Council election combining parts of the former Tintagel district and all of St Teath and St Breward.
George Taylor (Pennsylvania politician)
George Taylor (c. 1716 – February 23, 1781) was an American ironmaster and politician who was a Founding Father of the United States and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Pennsylvania. His former home, the George Taylor House in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, was named a National Historic Landmark in 1971.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Tord Magnuson
Tord Gösta Magnuson KVO1kl (born 7 April 1941) is a Swedish business executive and the consul general for Mauritius. He is married to Princess Christina of Sweden, the youngest of the older sisters of King Carl XVI Gustaf. With the deaths of John Ambler in 2008, Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern in 2016 and Baron Niclas Silfverschiöld in 2017, Magnuson is the only living brother-in-law of Carl XVI Gustaf.

Magnuson is the son of Lennart Magnuson (MSE) and his wife Gerda (born Klemming), the grandson of the Swedish chemist Gunnar Magnuson and great-grandson of Swedish politician Tord Magnuson.

Magnuson graduated as reserve officer in 1963 and graduated with a B.Sc. from Stockholm University in 1967. During his career he has been working at Stockholms Enskilda Bank, at Sandvik Steel Inc. in New York City, at Kayel AB, as well as having been CEO of Devisa AB. He is representative of Air Mauritius in Sweden and Commander 1st Class of the Royal Order of Vasa.

Baron Niclas Silfverschiöld
Baron Niels-August Otto Carl Nicolas Silfverschiöld KVO (31 May 1934 – 11 April 2017) was a Swedish aristocrat and landowner. From 1964, he was the husband of Princess Désirée of Sweden, third sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Derek Clark
Derek Roland Clark (10 October 1933 – 1 January 2023) was a UK Independence Party politician.  He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East Midlands from 2004 to 2014.

He stood as a UKIP candidate in the 2010 general election for Northampton South, receiving 1,897 votes (4.9%), which was 50 votes short of retaining his deposit.

He was educated at the University of Bristol (Teaching Certificate) and the University of Exeter. He was a retired science teacher.

In 2011, he was investigated by OLAF, the EU anti-fraud office, and was made to repay £31,800 for wages paid to employees who were working for UKIP and not for his EU Parliament work.

Clark was a climate change denier and pledged to ban the teaching of anthropogenic global warming in schools.

Clark died on 1 January 2023, at the age of 89.

East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)
East Midlands was a constituency of the European Parliament in the United Kingdom, established in 1999 with six members to replace single-member constituencies. Between 2009 and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020 it returned five MEPs, elected using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
1839 Ava earthquake
The 1839 Ava earthquake, also known as the Amarapura earthquake or Inwa earthquake, was a disastrous seismic event that struck present-day central Myanmar on March 23. This earthquake with an estimated moment magnitude as high as 8.3, was one of the largest in the country, since 1762. It was assigned a maximum of XI (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, and was felt in Rangoon and Bhamo. Damage was enormous in Ava, resulting in the death of hundreds.

Burma plate
The Burma plate is a minor tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, sometimes considered a part of the larger Eurasian plate. The Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, and northwestern Sumatra are located on the plate. This island arc separates the Andaman Sea from the main Indian Ocean to the west.

To its east lies the Sunda plate, from which it is separated along a transform boundary, running in a rough north–south line through the Andaman Sea. This boundary between the Burma and Sunda plates is a marginal seafloor spreading centre, which has led to the opening up of the Andaman Sea (from a southerly direction) by "pushing out" the Andaman-Nicobar-Sumatra island arc from mainland Asia, a process which began in earnest approximately 4 million years ago.

To the west is the much larger India plate, which is subducting beneath the western facet of the Burma plate. This extensive subduction zone has formed the Sunda Trench.
Oberkirn
Oberkirn is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Herrstein
Herrstein (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁʃtaɪn]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen.
Gmina Stopnica
Gmina Stopnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Stopnica, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój and 55 km (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 125.43 square kilometres (48.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,838.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Szaniec Landscape Park.

Busko County
Busko (Polish: powiat buski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Busko-Zdrój, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 967.39 square kilometres (373.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,821, out of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 15,832 and the rural population is 51,989.
Bulungamayinae
Bulungamayinae is an extinct subfamily that allies fossil species of marsupials, showing close morphological features found in the modern potoroines, the bettongs and potoroos of Australia.

The group possess characteristics of their dentition that place them in an alliance with the modern potoroos, smaller long nosed fungivores that dig and burrow. The premolars and incisors resemble the other potoroines, yet the molars accord with the herbivorous macropodids such as the kangaroos. Other characteristics of the ancestral group are found the two divergent families, and they were larger than modern potoroine species at around five to ten kilograms in weight, slightly more than the largest, the species Aepyprymnus rufescens.

The genera within the subfamilial arrangement of Potoroidae may be summarised as follows,

family Potoroidae

subfamily  †Palaeopotoroinae
subfamily Potoroinae
subfamily †Bulungamayinae
genus Bulungamaya
genus Ganguroo

Palaeopotorous
Palaeopotorous priscus is a fossil species of diprotodont marsupial, known from specimens obtained in central Australia. The animal was similar to the modern species of the family Potoroidae, the potoroos and bettongs.
Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto–Santa Rufina
The Diocese of Porto–Santa Rufina is a Latin suburbicarian diocese of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was formed from the union of two dioceses. The diocese of Santa Rufina was also formerly known as Silva Candida.

From 1967, the diocese has had both a titular cardinal bishop, and a resident bishop who handles the diocesan business.

Pope Benedict VIII
Pope Benedict VIII (Latin: Benedictus VIII; c. 980 – 9 April 1024) was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 18 May 1012 until 1024. He was born Theophylact of Tusculum to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. Unusually for a medieval pope, he had strong authority both in Rome and abroad.

Theophylact was born to Count Gregory I of Tusculum. The family had already produced three popes: John XI (r. 931–935), John XII (r. 955–964), and Benedict VII (r. 973–974). Theophylact became pope on 18 May 1012 and took the name Benedict VIII.
Parachute Commando Regiments
The Parachute Commandos Regiments (RPC) are Algerian parachute regiments.

The regiments are part of the 17th Parachute Division of Biskra of the land forces of the Algerian People's National Army.

The regiments are "special troops" regiments by virtue of their missions and status.

AKM
The AKM (Russian: Автома́т Кала́шникова модернизи́рованный Avtomat Kalashnikova modernizirovannyy, "Kalashnikov automatic modernized") is a 7.62×39 mm Soviet assault rifle introduced in 1959 as a lighter, more modern successor to the AK-47.

Designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov, it became the most widely produced variant of the Kalashnikov series, serving as the standard service rifle of the Soviet Army and Warsaw Pact states. Featuring a gas‑operated rotating bolt, slanted muzzle compensator, and simplified manufacturing for cost‑effective mass production, the AKM enhanced automatic accuracy and reliability while reducing weight by approximately 1 kg.

Though replaced in Soviet frontline units by the AK‑74 in the 1970s, variants of the AKM continue to be manufactured and remain in use today.
Mattias Nilsson
Mattias Nilsson (born 19 February 1982 in Brunflo, near Östersund) is a former Swedish biathlete.

Nilsson retired after the 2010–11 season, announcing on 27 September 2011 his retirement from the sport due to a heart condition.

In May 2018, it was announced that he, from the 2018–2019 season, becomes coach for Team Sweden in men's cross-country skiing together with Johan Olsson and Fredrik Uusitalo.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Fred Bild
M. Fred Bild (born August 7, 1935) is a Canadian former diplomat who served within Global Affairs Canada, the foreign ministry of Canada. During his 34-year diplomatic career, he served as the Canadian ambassador to China (1990–1994), Mongolia (1992–1994), and to Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Laos (1979–1983).

Born to a Jewish family in Leipzig, Germany, Bild and his family fled to Belgium after the Nazi Kristallnacht pogrom in late 1938. From 1943 until the end of World War II, Bild and his brother were hidden with the help of the Committee for the Defence of Jews within the Belgian Resistance. After the war, the Bilds immigrated to Montreal, Canada, in 1948.

Hidden children during the Holocaust
Children in the Holocaust (mainly Jewish) were hidden in various ways during the Holocaust in order to save them from the Nazis. Most were hidden in Poland, though some were hidden in Western Europe. Not all attempts to save them were successful; for instance, German Jewish refugee Anne Frank was eventually captured in Amsterdam.
The Silent Princess
"The Silent Princess" is a Turkish fairy tale, structured as a frame story with three inserted tales: "The Magic Pomegranate" (or "The Four Skilful Brothers"); "The Carpenter, the Tailor, and the Clergyman"; "Three Suitors at the Graveyard". Andrew Lang included it in The Olive Fairy Book.

Kathasaritsagara
The Kathāsaritsāgara ("Ocean of the Streams of Stories") (Devanagari: कथासरित्सागर) is a famous 11th-century collection of Indian legends and folk tales as retold in Sanskrit by the Shaivite Somadeva from Kashmir.

Kathāsaritsāgara contains multiple layers of story within a story and is said to have been adopted from Guṇāḍhya's Bṛhatkathā ("the Great Narrative"), which was written in a poorly-understood language known as Paiśāchī. The Bṛhatkathā is no longer extant but several later adaptations still exist — the Kathāsaritsāgara, Bṛhatkathamanjari and Bṛhatkathāślokasaṃgraha. However, none of these recensions necessarily derives directly from Gunadhya, and each may have intermediate versions. Scholars compare Guṇāḍhya with Vyasa and Valmiki even though he did not write the now long-lost Bṛhatkathā in Sanskrit. Presently available are its two Sanskrit recensions, the Bṛhatkathamanjari by Kṣemendra and the Kathāsaritsāgara by Somadeva.
Binary constraint
A binary constraint, in mathematical optimization, is a constraint that involves exactly two variables.

For example, consider the n-queens problem, where the goal is to place n chess queens on an n-by-n chessboard such that none of  the queens can attack each other (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally).  The formal set of constraints are therefore "Queen 1 can't attack Queen 2", "Queen 1 can't attack Queen 3", and so on between all pairs of queens.  Each constraint in this problem is binary, in that it only considers the placement of two individual queens.

Linear programs in which all constraints are binary can be solved in strongly polynomial time, a result that is not known to be true for more general linear programs.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Petite Rivière (Lunenburg County)
Petite Rivière is a river in Nova Scotia, Canada entirely within Lunenburg County. It is fed by numerous lakes, and a portion of the watershed is the drinking water supply for the town of Bridgewater.

Three of the lakes on Petite Rivière (Hebb, Millipisigate, and Minamkeak) are the only known habitat of the Atlantic Whitefish. Through damming of the lakes, some of the water that once fed the Medway River now flows through the Petite Rivière system. There was a water aerodrome at Fancy Lake.

French explorer Samuel de Champlain is said to have arrived in the area in 1604, mapped the offshore islands, and gave the river its name after landing near the mouth. The river lends its name to the small community of Petite Riviere, which was at one time known as Petite Riviere Bridge.

Medway River (Nova Scotia)
Medway River is a river in Queens County, on the southwestern shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. At 121 kilometres long, it is one of the major rivers of Nova Scotia and once supported a large run of Atlantic salmon. Historically, it was an important corridor to the interior waters of Nova Scotia such as Ponhook and Molega Lakes and as a log-driving river for the lumber industry.

Together with Herring Cove and related smaller inlets, the drainage basin of the Medway is measured at 2,012 km2 including 166 km2 of water.
Julia, Lady Inglis
Julia Selina, Lady Inglis (19 April 1833 – 3 February 1904) was a British memoir writer. She was the daughter of Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford, and wife of Major-General Sir John Eardley Inglis, who commanded the British troops at the Siege of Lucknow in 1857. She kept a diary of her life during the siege, which was published as The Siege of Lucknow: a Diary.  She aimed to give "a simple account of each day's events (which) may give a clear idea of what was done by the garrison under (her husband's) command".

32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot
The 32nd Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1702. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry in 1881.
Süsel
Süsel is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 23 km north of Lübeck, and 10 km southeast of Eutin. The small lakes Barkauer See and Woltersteich are located here.

Eutin
Eutin (German pronunciation: [ɔʏˈtiːn] ⓘ) is the district capital of Eastern Holstein county located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As of December 2022, the town had some 17,000 inhabitants.
Mount Spry
Mount Spry is a small 5,720-ft elevation mountain summit made of Navajo Sandstone located in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States. Officially named in 1934, it honors William Spry (1864–1929), the third governor of Utah.  The nearest higher peak is The East Temple, 0.34 miles (0.55 km) to the east. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the North Fork Virgin River.

Virgin River
The Virgin River is a tributary of the Colorado River in the U.S. states of Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. The river is about 162 miles (261 km) long. It was designated Utah's first wild and scenic river in 2009, during the centennial celebration of Zion National Park.
Tariat inscriptions
The Tariat inscriptions appear on a stele found near the Hoid Terhyin River in Doloon Mod district, Arkhangai Province, modern-day Mongolia (the forms Terkhin and Terhyin are also used). The stele was erected by Bayanchur Khan of the Uyghur Khaganate in the middle of the eighth century (between 753 and 760 seems to be the best estimate).

Bilge Qaghan
Bilge Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Bilgä Qaɣan; Chinese: 毗伽可汗; pinyin: píjiā kěhàn; 683 – 25 November 734), born Ashina Mojilian (Chinese:阿史那默棘連), was the fourth qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate. His accomplishments were described in the Orkhon inscriptions.
Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland
The Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland consisted of the Finnish participation in the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 of the European Union.

The program was coordinated by a unit of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland, the Centre for International Mobility. Finland has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995, and has taken part in the previous educational programmes.

Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013
The Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 (previously referred to as the "Integrated action programme in the field of lifelong learning" or the "Integrated programme") was the European Union programme for education and training.
Darrell McNeil
Darrell Tyrone "Big D" McNeil (November 26, 1957 - July 4, 2018) was an American animator, writer, editor, publisher, producer, and actor. He started at the age of eight performing as a background actor and bit player in various movies and television series. He entered the animation industry at the age of 18 with Hanna-Barbera Productions. He was most recently developing and producing a number of animated and live action projects through his own company, Gold Medal Productions.

The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle
The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle is a 1979–1980 animated television series featuring newly produced Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle cartoons. The series was produced by Filmation, and aired from 1979 to 1980 on CBS with 96 episodes produced. It was the second Mighty Mouse cartoon series, following the original Mighty Mouse Playhouse from 1955 to 1967, and followed by Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures, which aired from 1987 to 1988.
Wilderness Boat Works
Wilderness Boat Works (also known as Wilderness Yachts) was an American boat manufacturing company in  Santa Cruz, California producing hand laid fiberglass monohull masthead sloops.  They produced three boat designs, the 21 foot, 30 foot, and 40 foot Wilderness.

Run by Lynn Daugherty and John Josephs, the shop opened in the 1970s, first producing the Wilderness 21.  Wilderness Boat Works closed their doors in the late 1980s.  Their facilities were located at 2473 Mission Street in Santa Cruz

Sail plan
A sail plan is a drawing of a sailing craft, viewed from the side, depicting its sails, the spars that carry them and some of the rigging that supports the rig. By extension, "sail plan" describes the arrangement of sails on a craft. A sailing craft may be waterborne (a ship or boat), an iceboat, or a sail-powered land vehicle.
Cirsium greimleri
Cirsium greimleri, Greimler-Kratzdistel lit. 'Greimler's thistle', is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It was described as a separate species from Cirsium waldsteinii in 2018, from which it can be distinguished visually by its shallower lobes and deeper flower colour. Additionally, its leaves are unusually broad for the genus. It is one of a minority of species discovered through karyological analysis. It is a tall herbaceous plant with nodding purple flowers growing in high montane to subalpine habitats on exposed acidic slopes. It is native to Eastern Europe, but with an unusual geographic distribution. It is found only in the Eastern Alps and Dinaric Alps. It hybridises readily, to the extent that there is concern about genetic erosion for most populations.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.