hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barbara Ross-Lee
Barbara Ross-Lee, D.O. (born June 1, 1942) is an American physician, academic, and the first African-American woman to serve as dean of a U.S. medical school; she is also known as the sister of Diana Ross along with being the aunt of actress Tracee Ellis Ross, and singer-songwriters Rhonda Ross Kendrick and Evan Ross. She majored in biology and chemistry at Wayne State University, graduating in 1965. Then, in 1969, she entered Michigan State University's College of Osteopathic Medicine. Ross-Lee then went on to open her own private family practice, teach as a professor, and hold other positions within the medical community. In 1993, she was elected as the first woman dean of a medical school, at Ohio University's Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine. She has earned several awards and honors for her work and accomplishments.

New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine
The New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT-COM) is a private medical school located primarily in Old Westbury, New York. It also has a degree-granting campus in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Founded in 1977, NYIT-COM is an academic division of the New York Institute of Technology. Formerly the New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, it is one of the largest medical schools in the United States. In 2025, the NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine had a 97.5% match rate and a 96.96% COMLEX Level 1 pass rate.
Relativistic Doppler effect
The relativistic Doppler effect is the change in frequency, wavelength and amplitude of light, caused by the relative motion of the source and the observer (as in the classical Doppler effect, first proposed by Christian Doppler in 1842), when taking into account effects described by the special theory of relativity.

The relativistic Doppler effect is different from the non-relativistic Doppler effect as the equations include the time dilation effect of special relativity and do not involve the medium of propagation as a reference point. They describe the total difference in observed frequencies and possess the required Lorentz symmetry.

Astronomers know of three sources of redshift/blueshift: Doppler shifts; gravitational redshifts (due to light exiting a gravitational field); and cosmological expansion (where space itself stretches). This article concerns itself only with Doppler shifts.

Mössbauer effect
The Mössbauer effect, or recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence, is a physical phenomenon discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1958. It involves the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation by atomic nuclei bound in a solid. Its main application is in Mössbauer spectroscopy.

In the Mössbauer effect, a narrow resonance for nuclear gamma emission and absorption results from the momentum of recoil being delivered to a surrounding crystal lattice rather than to the emitting or absorbing nucleus alone. When this occurs, no gamma energy is lost to the kinetic energy of recoiling nuclei at either the emitting or absorbing end of a gamma transition: emission and absorption occur at the same energy, resulting in strong, resonant absorption.
Living Dangerously (1999)
Living Dangerously (1999) was the second Living Dangerously professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It took place on March 21, 1999, from the Asbury Park Convention Hall in Asbury Park, New Jersey.

Living Dangerously (wrestling series)
Living Dangerously was a pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in March annually from 1998 to 2000. The event was also going to be held in 2001 on March 11 that year, but was cancelled due to the eventual collapse of the promotion.
The Souls of Black Folk
The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches is a  1903 work of American literature by W. E. B. Du Bois. It is a seminal work in the history of sociology and a cornerstone of African-American literature.

The book contains several essays on race, some of which had been published earlier in The Atlantic Monthly. To develop this work, Du Bois drew from his own experiences as an African American in American society. Outside of its notable relevance in African-American history, The Souls of Black Folk also holds an important place in social science as one of the early works in the field of sociology.

In The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois used the term "double consciousness", perhaps taken from Ralph Waldo Emerson ("The Transcendentalist" and "Fate"), applying it to the idea that black people must have two fields of vision at all times. They must be conscious of how they view themselves, as well as being conscious of how the world views them.

Henry Louis Gates Jr.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. (born September 16, 1950), popularly known by his childhood nickname "Skip", is an American literary critic, professor, historian, and filmmaker who serves as the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and the director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. He is a trustee of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. He rediscovered the earliest known African-American novels and has published extensively on the recognition of African-American literature as part of the Western canon.

In addition to producing and hosting previous series on the history and genealogy of prominent American figures, since 2012, Gates has been host of the television series Finding Your Roots on PBS. The series combines the work of expert researchers in genealogy, history, and historical research in genetics to tell guests about the lives and histories of their ancestors.
Snegov
Snegov (Russian: Сне́гов) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexei Snegov (1898–1989), Old Bolshevik and Soviet politician

Sergey Snegov (1910–1994), Soviet science fiction writer

East Slavic name
East Slavic naming customs are the traditional way of identifying a person's given name, patronymic name, and family name in East Slavic cultures in Russia and some countries formerly part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

They are used commonly in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and to a lesser extent in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia.
Lyric Suite (Berg)
The Lyric Suite is a six-movement work for string quartet written by Alban Berg between 1925 and 1926 using methods derived from Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique. Though publicly dedicated to Alexander von Zemlinsky (from whose Lyric Symphony it quotes), the work has been shown to possess a "secret dedication" and to outline a "secret programme".

Berg arranged three of the "pieces" (movements) for string orchestra in 1928.

Tone row
In music, a tone row or note row (German: Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set, is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of the twelve notes in musical set theory of the chromatic scale, though both larger and smaller sets are sometimes found.
Mount Griffiths
Mount Griffiths (66°29′S 54°3′E﻿ / ﻿66.483°S 54.050°E﻿ / -66.483; 54.050) is an elongated mountain with two prominent peaks of 1,650 and 1,680 metres (5,400 and 5,500 ft), standing 5 miles (8 km) northwest of the Wilkinson Peaks and 23 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Mount Elkins in the Napier Mountains of Enderby Land, Antarctica.

Mount Elkins
Mount Elkins, also known as Jökelen (which means "The Glacier") is a dark, steep-sided mountain with three major peaks, the highest 2,300 meters (7,500 ft) above sea level, in the Napier Mountains of Enderby Land. Enderby Land is part of East Antarctica and is claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory. The mountain was named after Terence James Elkins, an ionospheric physicist with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions at Mawson Station in 1960.
Ubon Ratchathani
Ubon Ratchathani (Thai: อุบลราชธานี, pronounced [ʔubon râːt.tɕʰa.tʰaːniː]) is one of the four main cities in Thailand's Isan region, alongside Nakhon Ratchasima (Khorat), Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen, collectively known as the "big four of Isan." Located on the Mun River in the southeastern Isan, Ubon Ratchathani sits about 615 km (382 mi) from Bangkok. Commonly shortened to Ubon (อุบลฯ), the city’s name means "royal lotus city". It serves as the administrative center of Ubon Ratchathani Province.

As of 2006, the urban area of Ubon Ratchathani had a population of about 200,000. This included 85,000 in Thetsaban Nakhon Ubon Ratchathani (Ubon municipality), 30,000 each in Thetsaban Mueang Warin Chamrap (Warin municipality) and Thetsaban Tambon Kham Yai, 24,000 in Thetsaban Tambon Saen Suk, and 10,000 each in Thetsaban Tambon Pathum and Tambon Kham Nam Saep, as well as 6,000 in Thetsaban Tambon Ubon.

Ubon Ratchathani Airport
Ubon Ratchathani Airport (IATA: UBP, ICAO: VTUU) is in Tambon Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang Ubon Ratchathani, Ubon Ratchathani province in Northeastern Thailand. It currently serves as both a commercial airport and as a Royal Thai Air Force base.
Schopfheim-Schlattholz station
Schopfheim-Schlattholz station (German: Bahnhof Schopfheim-Schlattholz) is a railway station in the municipality of Schopfheim, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on standard gauge Wiese Valley Railway of Deutsche Bahn. The station opened on 9 December 2017. An infill station, it was built at a cost of 1.4 million euros, shared between the city and the Basel Commuter Fund (Pendlerfonds Basel). The stop is handicap-accessible, and includes a 150-metre (490 ft)-long side platform with shelters and ticket vending machines.

Wiese Valley Railway
The Wiese Valley Railway (German: Wiesentalbahn) is a 27.2 km long, electrified main line in German Baden-Württemberg in the tri-national area of Germany, Switzerland and France near the Swiss city of Basel. It is part of the Basel trinational S-Bahn and referenced as S6. It runs alongside the river Wiese from Basel Badischer Bahnhof in Basel (on Swiss territory) to Zell (Wiesental). It is operated by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS)
Shamrock V
Shamrock V is a British J-class yacht. She was the first British yacht to be built to the new J-Class rule. She was commissioned by Sir Thomas Lipton for his fifth America's Cup challenge. Although refitted several times, Shamrock is the only original J-class never to have fallen into dereliction.

Harold Stirling Vanderbilt
Harold Stirling Vanderbilt CBE (July 6, 1884 – July 4, 1970) was an American railroad executive, a champion yachtsman, an innovator and champion player of contract bridge, and a member of the Vanderbilt family.
Oscillator strength
In spectroscopy, oscillator strength is a dimensionless quantity that expresses the probability of absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation in transitions between energy levels of an atom or molecule. For example, if an emissive state has a small oscillator strength, nonradiative decay will outpace radiative decay. Conversely, "bright" transitions will have large oscillator strengths. The oscillator strength can be thought of as the ratio between the quantum mechanical transition rate and the classical absorption/emission rate of a single electron oscillator with the same frequency as the transition.

Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).

Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).
Aalstermolen
The Aalstermolen (English: Aalster Mill) is a windmill located on the Raadhuisstraat 28A in Aalst, Waalre, in the province of North Brabant, Netherlands. Built in 1904 on an artificial hill, the windmill functioned as gristmill. The mill was built as a tower mill and its sails have a span of 25.70 meters. The mill has been a national monument (nr 38186) since 15 May 1968.

Aalst, North Brabant
Aalst is a village located 6 km south of Eindhoven, the Netherlands, on the Tongelreep stream and the road to Valkenswaard. It was an independent municipality until 1923, when it merged with the municipality of Waalre.

Aalst experienced rapid growth during the 1970s and 1980s as housing estates were built in the Ekenrooi area, which served as an overflow area for Eindhoven. Despite this development, the area remains very green and pleasant with large stretches of managed forest and heathland.

In September 1944, Aalst saw the British XXX Corps pass along the main road from Valkenswaard to Eindhoven as part of Operation Market Garden.

The spoken language is Kempenlands (an East Brabantian dialect, one of the many southern dialects of Dutch).
Dictyopteris australis
Dictyopteris australis is a species of brown algae in the family Dictyotaceae found in warm and temperate seas worldwide. Dictyopteris australis is typically found in either shallow coastal waters or deeper waters as long as reef is present.

Dictyotaceae
Dictyotaceae is large family of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). It is the only family in the monotypic order Dictyotales (from Greek  diktyotos 'netlike'). Members of this family generally prefer warmer waters than other brown algae and are prevalent in tropical and subtropical waters thanks to their many chemical defenses to ward off grazers. They display an isomorphic haplodiploid life cycle and are characterized by vegetative growth through a single apical cell. One genus in this family, Padina, is the only calcareous member of the brown algae. Lobophora variegata (= Pocockiella varieagata) often presents a beautiful blue iridescence due to microscopic bacteria which live on the surface of the blades . A number of genera are known as forkweed (e.g. Dictyota, Glosophora, Dilophus, Dictyopteris, Pachydictyon and Lobospira.
Glipostena
Glipostena is a genus of beetles in the family Mordellidae, containing the following species:

Glipostena congoana Ermisch, 1952

Glipostena dimorpha Franciscolo, 1999

Glipostena hogsbacki Franciscolo, 1999

Glipostena medleri Franciscolo, 1999

Glipostena nemoralis Franciscolo, 1962

Glipostena nigricans Franciscolo, 2000

Glipostena pelecotomoidea (Píc, 1911)

Glipostena ponomarenkoi Odnosum & Perkovsky, 2009†

Glipostena sergeli Ermisch, 1942†

Mordellidae
The Mordellidae are a family of beetles commonly known as tumbling flower beetles for the typical irregular movements they make when escaping predators, or as pintail beetles due to their abdominal tip which aids them in performing these tumbling movements. Worldwide, there are about 1500 species.
Macroglossum vidua
Macroglossum vidua is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is known from north-eastern Papua New Guinea.

The length of the forewings is about 22 mm. It is similar to Macroglossum glaucoptera, Macroglossum corythus luteata and Macroglossum sylvia, but recognisable by the dirty grey colour of the underside of the palpus, the greyish of the bases of the wing undersides and by the broad antemedian band of the forewing upperside. The head and thorax uppersides have no dark mesial stripe. The underside of the palpus and middle of the thorax are dirty grey, the white scaling mixed with drab-brown scales, the sides darker. The abdomen underside is grey. Both wing undersides are dark walnut-brown, dull, becoming somewhat olive distally, without a distinct brown border. The bases are faintly greyish. The hindwing upperside has an interrupted yellow band.

Macroglossum sylvia
Macroglossum sylvia, the obscure hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia (Peninsular, Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku) and the Philippines.

The wingspan is 60–66 mm.
Volume expander
A volume expander is a type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement or during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
Fugaku Wind Cave
35°28′39″N 138°39′27″E﻿ / ﻿35.47750°N 138.65750°E﻿ / 35.47750; 138.65750

Fugaku Wind Cave (Japanese: 富岳風穴) is a lava tube at the northern foot of Mount Fuji, Japan. It is the largest of the several lava tubes that are found in the Aokigahara forest in Fujikawaguchiko Town, Yamanashi Prefecture.

Lava tube
A lava tube, more rarely called a pyroduct or lava tunnel, is a natural roofed conduit along which molten lava flows from a volcanic vent. If lava in the tube drains out, it will leave an empty cave. Lava tubes are common in low-viscosity volcanic systems. Lava tubes are important as they are able to transport molten lava much further away from the eruptive vent than lava channels. A tube-forming lava flow can emplace on longer distance due to the presence of a solid crust protecting the molten lava from atmospheric cooling. Lava tubes are often considered when preparing hazard maps or managing an eruptive crisis.
Ertatsminda Cathedral
The Ertatsminda Cathedral of Eustathius of Mtskheta (Georgian: ერთაწმინდის ტაძარი) is a medieval Georgian Orthodox cathedral in Kaspi District, the Shida Kartli region, Georgia. It is situated in the centre of the village Ertatsminda.

The Orthodox cathedral was built in the 13th century. The Ertatsminda cathedral stylistically resembles the other Georgian churches of the 12th-13th Centuries: Ikorta church, Pitareti, Betania, Kvatakhevi and Tsughrughasheni.

Tsughrughasheni Church
Tsughrughasheni (Georgian: წუღრუღაშენის ეკლესია) is a Georgian Orthodox church located in the Bolnisi District of Georgia. It is situated approximately 2 kilometres from Bolnisi Sioni basilica, on the right bank of the Bolnisistsqali River. The church was built in 1212–1222 supposedly by King George IV Lasha of the Bagrationi dynasty.

The Tsughrughasheni church resembles stylistically the other Georgian churches from the 12th to 13th century – Betania, Kvatakhevi, Pitareti – but it is smaller than those and has a higher cupola. The plan of the church is right-angled. The church is rich with the Georgian traditional ornaments adorned.
Rosersberg railway station
Rosersberg is a station on the Stockholm commuter rail network, located on the Märsta branch in the locality of Rosersberg, Sigtuna Municipality, approximately 31.4 km from Stockholm City Station. The station features a central island platform with an entrance from an underground pedestrian tunnel. In winter 2015, the station had approximately 1,200 boarding passengers on an average weekday.

Sigtuna Municipality
Sigtuna Municipality (Swedish: Sigtuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Märsta, approximately 37 km (23 mi) north of the Swedish capital, Stockholm. The municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm.

The municipality consists of several former local government units and was formed in 1971. It got its name from the small, but very old, City of Sigtuna, but the seat was placed in the larger modern town of Märsta. The three towns of the municipality are Märsta (pop. 23,000), Sigtuna (pop. 8,000) and Rosersberg (pop. 1,400), of which Märsta is the municipal seat and Sigtuna with its old and important history is a popular tourist destination.

Sigtuna Municipality is also home to Stockholm Arlanda Airport, the main airport serving Stockholm, and the largest airport in Sweden.
The Tioga Kid
The Tioga Kid is a 1948 American Western film directed by Ray Taylor and written by Ed Earl Repp. The film stars Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Jennifer Holt, Dennis Moore, Lee Bennett and William Fawcett. The film was released on June 17, 1948, by Eagle-Lion Films.

Eagle-Lion Films
Eagle-Lion Films was the name of two distinct, though related, companies. In 1944, UK film magnate J. Arthur Rank created an American distribution company with the name to handle his British films. The following year, under a reciprocal distribution arrangement with Rank, the U.S. company Pathé Industries, which already owned the small Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC) studio, established an Eagle-Lion Films production subsidiary, while Rank's American business dropped the name. PRC, with its existing distribution exchanges, handled releases in the U.S. When PRC shut down in 1948, its distribution exchanges were assumed by Eagle-Lion Films. In 1950, Pathé merged Eagle-Lion with an independent reissues distributor, Film Classics, to create Eagle-Lion Classics. The latter was acquired by and merged into United Artists a year later. Rank also released films in the United Kingdom through Eagle-Lion Distributors Limited.
Siaosi Tuʻipelehake
Siaosi Tuʻipelehake (born Siaosi Fatafehi Toutaitokotaha) was a politician from Tonga who briefly served as Prime Minister of Tonga in January 1905. Tu'ipelehake is a traditional very high-ranking Tongan title. He was the 4th Tu'ipelehake.

He was the father of George Tupou II and a grandson of George Tupou I.

George Tupou I
George Tupou I (4 December 1797 – 18 February 1893), originally known as Tāufaʻāhau I, was the first king of modern Tonga. Originally controlling a disputed piece of land in Haʻapai, he expanded to control Vavaʻu, Tongatapu, and other islands.
Tesco Boy
Tesco Boy (1963 – 25 October 1987) was a British thoroughbred racehorse and sire. While only moderately successful in racing, he became a major breeding sire in Japan in the 1970s and was on six occasions the leading sire in the country.

Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes
The Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes (朝日杯フューチュリティステークス) is a one-mile turf stakes race for thoroughbred colts two years old in Japan. It is considered the de facto year-end championship for Japanese thoroughbred racing in the two-year-olds division.

Inaugurated in 1949, this race had historically been held at the Nakayama Racecourse. From 2014, the race was relocated to the Hanshin Racecourse.
Gold (Cher album)
Gold is the ninth U.S. compilation album by American singer-actress Cher, released on March 1, 2005, by Geffen Records. The album was released only two years after the multi-platinum The Very Best of Cher. As of August 2010, the album has sold 88,000 copies in the United States. The album was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in 2019 for selling over 60,000 copies.

The Very Best of Cher
The Very Best of Cher is the eighth compilation album by American singer-actress Cher, released on April 1, 2003. The album includes many of Cher's most popular songs, such as "If I Could Turn Back Time", "Believe", "Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves" and "Take Me Home". It debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart and later reached number four on the issue date of May 17. As of November 2011, the album has sold 2.8 million copies in the United States.