hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Epitome (data processing)
An epitome, in data processing, is a condensed digital representation of the essential statistical properties of ordered datasets such as matrices that represent images, audio signals, videos or genetic sequences. Although much smaller than the data, the epitome contains many of its smaller overlapping parts with much less repetition and with some level of generalization. As such, it can be used in tasks such as data mining, machine learning and signal processing.

The first use of epitomic analysis was with image textures for the purposes of image parsing. Epitomes have also been used in video processing to replace, remove or superresolve imagery.

Epitomes are also being investigated as tools for vaccine design.

Super-resolution imaging
Super-resolution imaging (SR) is a class of techniques that improve the resolution of an imaging system. In optical SR the diffraction limit of systems is transcended, while in geometrical SR the resolution of digital imaging sensors is enhanced.

In some radar and sonar imaging applications (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high-resolution computed tomography), subspace decomposition-based methods (e.g. MUSIC) and compressed sensing-based algorithms (e.g., SAMV) are employed to achieve SR over standard periodogram algorithm.

Super-resolution imaging techniques are used in general image processing and in super-resolution microscopy.
2025 IIHF World U18 Championships
The 2025 IIHF U18 World Championship was the 26th such event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. These tournaments also served as qualifications for the 2026 competition.

2026 IIHF World U18 Championships
The 2026 IIHF U18 World Championship will be the 27th such event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams will participate at several levels of competition. These tournaments also serve as qualifications for the 2027 competition.
Non-dialable point
In conventional landline telephony, a non-dialable toll point or toll station ("station" in the sense of "place where a telephone is installed") was a lone station or line serving a rural subscriber many miles from the nearest central office. As it had no home telephone exchange and therefore no local calling area, no customer could dial its number; all connections to it had to be obtained manually by the long distance operator.

These toll stations were one of multiple categories of non-dialable points which could only be reached with assistance from the inward operator at destination. Other non-dialable points included locations reachable only by some form of two-way radio and specific categories of manual service.

As manual services are replaced by automated infrastructure and satellite telephony now reaches the most distant points on the globe, truly non-dialable points are becoming rare.

Telephony
Telephony (/təˈlɛfəni/ tə-LEF-ə-nee) is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunications services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone.

Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as a system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires. The term is also used frequently to refer to computer hardware, software, and computer network systems, that perform functions traditionally performed by telephone equipment. In this context the technology is specifically referred to as Internet telephony, or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Charles Jonas (Wisconsin politician)
Charles Jonas (born Karel Jonáš; October 24, 1840 – January 15, 1896) was a Czech American journalist, linguist, and political activist.  He was the 16th lieutenant governor of Wisconsin and served in the Wisconsin Legislature, representing Racine County. Later in life, he was an American consul general to Austria-Hungary, and the Russian and German empires.

Although in 1919 the United States Department of State informed the author Thomas Čapek that Jonas died of heart failure, recent scholarship has determined that Jonas shot himself. His former home in Racine, Wisconsin, the Karel Jonas House, is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is located at 1337 North Erie Street.

Czech Americans
Czech Americans (Czech: Čechoameričané), known in the 19th and early 20th century as Bohemian Americans, are citizens of the United States whose ancestry wholly or partly originates from the Czech lands, a term which refers to the majority of the traditional lands of the Bohemian Crown, namely Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. These lands over time have been governed by a variety of states, including the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Austrian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic, also known by its short-form name, Czechia. Germans from the Czech lands who emigrated to the United States are usually identified as German Americans, or, more specifically, as Americans of German Bohemian descent. According to the 2000 U.S. census, there are 1,262,527 Americans of full or partial Czech descent, in addition to 441,403 persons who list their ancestry as Czechoslovak.
CP-67
CP-67 is a hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Monitor, from IBM for its System/360 Model 67 computer.

CP-67 is the control program portion of CP/CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed by IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was a reimplementation of their earlier research system CP-40, which ran on a one-off customized S/360-40. CP-67 was later reimplemented (again) as CP-370, which IBM released as VM/370 in 1972, when virtual memory was added to the System/370 series.

CP and CMS are usually grouped together as a unit, but the "components are independent of each other. CP-67 can be used on an appropriate configuration without CMS, and CMS
can be run on a properly configured System/360 as a single-user system without CP-67."

IBM System/360 Model 67
The IBM System/360 Model 67 (S/360-67) was an important IBM mainframe model in the late 1960s. Unlike the rest of the S/360 series, it included features to facilitate time-sharing applications, notably a Dynamic Address Translation unit, the "DAT box", to support virtual memory, 32-bit addressing and the  2846 Channel Controller to allow sharing channels between processors. The S/360-67 was otherwise compatible with the rest of the S/360 series.
California criminal law
California criminal law generally follows the law of the United States. However, there are both substantive and procedural differences between how the United States federal government and California prosecute alleged violations of criminal law. This article focuses exclusively on California criminal law.

California Penal Code
The Penal Code of California forms the basis for the application of most criminal law, criminal procedure, penal institutions, and the execution of sentences, among other things, in the American state of California.  It was originally enacted in 1872 as one of the original four California Codes, and has been substantially amended and revised since then.
Marker 32
Marker 32 is a coral reef located within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  It lies to the south of Key West, and is between Western Sambo reef and 9-Foot Stake reef.  Unlike many reefs in the Sanctuary, it is not within a Sanctuary Preservation Area (SPA).

The reef is close to navigational marker 32.

Western Sambo
Western Sambo is a coral reef located within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It lies to the south of Boca Chica Key, within Western Sambos Ecological Reserve.  The reef itself lies along the southern edge of the reserve boundary.
Tennfjord
Tennfjord is a village that is located at the end of the Grytafjorden in Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village of Tennfjord lies just south of the villages of Eidsvik and Vatne. Eidsvik lies in the northeastern part of the fjord valley, while Tennfjord lies to the south. Tennfjord is also located a short distance to the north of the village of Skodje, with the Skodje Bridge located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the south. More than 900 inhabitants live in the Tennfjord area. The town has its own male voice choir: Tennfjord Mannskor.

Skodje (village)
Skodje is a village in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located along the shore of the Skodjevika, an inlet off the main Ellingsøyfjorden. The village of Valle is located along European route E39/European route E136 highway just a few kilometers south of the village. Skodje Church is located in the village and the historic Skodje Bridge lies just west of the village.

The 1.72-square-kilometre (430-acre) village has a population (2024) of 2,544 and a population density of 1,479 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,830/sq mi).
Beverly Drive station
Beverly Drive station is an under construction, underground rapid transit (known locally as a subway) station on the D Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is currently under construction as part of the D Line Extension project, in Beverly Hills, California. Construction started in 2018 as part of Section 2 of the extension project. It is slated to open in 2027.

The station is being built at the site of the former Ace Gallery on the southwest corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Reeves Drive in Beverly Hills.

Beverly Wilshire Hotel
The Beverly Wilshire, A Four Seasons Hotel, commonly known as the Beverly Wilshire Hotel, is a historic, luxury hotel in Beverly Hills, California, located at the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard and Rodeo Drive. It was completed in 1928 and has been used as a shooting location for films and television series.
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月工程; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè Gōngchéng), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese Moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

Soft landing
A soft landing is any type of aircraft, rocket or spacecraft landing that does not result in significant damage to or destruction of the vehicle or its payload, as opposed to a hard landing. The average vertical speed of a soft landing (on Earth) should be about 2 meters (6.6 ft) per second or less.

A soft landing can be achieved by

Parachute—often this is into water.

Vertical rocket power using retrorockets, often referred to as VTVL (vertical landing referred to as VTOL, is usually for aircraft landing in a level attitude, rather than rockets) — first achieved on a suborbital trajectory by Bell Rocket Belt and on an orbital trajectory by the Surveyor 1.

Horizontal landing, most aircraft and some spacecraft, such as the Space Shuttle, land this way accompanied with a parachute.

Being caught in midair, as done with Corona spy satellites and followed by some other form of landing.

Reducing landing speed by impact with the body's surface, known as lithobraking.
Falls of Clyde (ship)
Falls of Clyde was the last surviving iron-hulled, four-masted full-rigged ship, and the last surviving sail-driven oil tanker. She was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1989, but deregistered in 2024 due to her condition. The ship was scuttled in 2025 off Oahu.

Full-rigged ship
A full-rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with a sail plan of three or more masts, all of them square-rigged. Such a vessel is said to have a ship rig or be ship-rigged, with each mast stepped in three segments: lower, top, and topgallant.
Schönwies
Schönwies is a municipality in the district of Landeck in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 8 km northeast of the city of Landeck and 7 km west of the city of Imst. The main source of income is the mining of limestone ballast stone.

The highest point in the municipality is the Große Schlenkerspitze (2,827 m) which is also the highest mountain in the eastern Lechtal Alps.

Imst
Imst (German: [ɪmst] ⓘ; Southern Bavarian: Imscht) is a town in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. It lies on the River Inn in western Tyrol, some 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Innsbruck and at an altitude of 828 metres (2,717 feet) above sea level. With a current population (2018) of 10,504, Imst is the administrative centre of Imst District.
Elvaston Place
Elvaston Place is a street in South Kensington, London.

Elvaston Place runs west to east from Gloucester Road to Queen's Gate.

The High Commission of Gabon, London, is at number 27. The High Commission of Mauritius, London, is at number 32/33. The Embassy of Iraq, London, has its consular section at number 3.

South Kensington
South Kensington is a district at the West End of Central London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Historically it settled on part of the scattered Middlesex village of Brompton. Its name was supplanted with the advent of the railways in the late 19th century and the opening (and shutting) and naming of local tube stations. It is home to several well-known museums and cultural landmarks such as the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and Imperial College London.
Belarusian State University of Transport
Belarusian State University of Transport (BelSUT; Russian: Белорусский государственный университет транспорта) is a university and a non-profit public higher education institution in Gomel, Belarus. Founded in 1953, this institution has also branch campuses in Orsha and Brest. Until 1993, it was called Belarusian Institute of Railway Engineers. Officially accredited/recognized by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus, BelSUT is a coeducational higher education institution. It offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor degrees, master degrees, doctorate degrees in several areas of study. This HE institution does not have a selective admission policy. International students are welcome to apply for enrolment.

Gomel
Gomel (Russian: Гомель, IPA: [ˈɡomʲɪlʲ]) or Homyel (Belarusian: Гомель, romanized: Homieĺ, IPA: [ˈɣomʲelʲ]) is a city in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Gomel Region and Gomel District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it is the second-largest city in Belarus, with 501,193 inhabitants.
Bracklinn Falls
The Bracklinn Falls are a series of waterfalls north-east of Callander, Scotland on the course of the Keltie Water, where the river crosses the Highland Boundary Fault.

Over recent years there have been a number of tragic incidents at the falls.

Highland Boundary Fault
The Highland Boundary Fault is a major fault zone that traverses Scotland from Arran and Helensburgh on the west coast to Stonehaven in the east. It separates two different geological terranes that give rise to two distinct physiographic terrains: the Highlands and the Lowlands. In most places, it is recognisable as a change in topography. Where rivers cross the fault, they often pass through gorges; the associated waterfalls can be a barrier to salmon migration.

The fault is believed to have formed in conjunction with the Strathmore syncline to the south-east during the Acadian orogeny in a transpressive regime that caused the uplift of the Grampian block and a small sinistral movement on the Highland Boundary Fault.
Hannibal Day
Hannibal Day (February 15, 1804 – March 26, 1891) served as an officer in the United States Army.  His career spanned 46 years, and included the Black Hawk War, Seminole War, Mexican–American War, and American Civil War.  One of the oldest officers to serve in the Union Army, Day commanded a brigade in the Army of the Potomac and took part in combat at the Battle of Gettysburg.

2nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 2nd Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment in the United States Army that has served for more than two hundred years. It was constituted on 12 April 1808 as the 6th Infantry and consolidated with 4 other regiments in 1815 to form the present unit.
St Adamnan's Church, Lonan
St Adamnan's Church (also known as "Lonan Old Church" and originally known in Manx as Keeill ny-Traie, or "the chapel by the shore") is the former parish church of Lonan in the Isle of Man. The church is situated in an isolated position, surrounded by open farmland on the eastern coast of the island, between Groudle Glen and Baldrine. The eastern (and oldest) part of the church has been restored, but it is otherwise in a ruinous, though well-tended, condition. Adomnán was the Abbot of Iona Abbey between 679 and 704.

Baldrine
Baldrine (Manx: Balley drine 'blackthorn town') is a village in the Isle of Man. It is close to the east coast of the island, about 3 km south of Laxey and 6 km NE of Douglas. It is in the historic parish of Lonan, in the sheading of Garff. For administrative purposes it is in the parish district of Garff, and it is also in the House of Keys constituency of Garff.
Office of Infrastructure and Logistics
The Office of Infrastructure and Logistics is a Directorate-General of the European Commission. The Office for Infrastructure and Logistics, Brussels (OIB) and the Office of Infrastructure and Logistics, Luxembourg (OIL) were created according to a Commission decision of November 6, 2002.

Directorate-General
Within the European Union (EU), Directorates-General are departments with specific zones of responsibility. Within the European Commission specifically, Directorates-General are the equivalent of national-level ministries. Most are headed by a European commissioner, responsible for the general direction of the Directorate-General, and in charge of (politically responsible for) the corresponding policy area; and a director-general, responsible for the management of day-to-day affairs, who reports to the European Commissioner.

Nearly all of the top-level organisational divisions of the Secretariat of the European Parliament and the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union are also termed Directorates-General.

The European Patent Office (part of the European Patent Organisation, separate from the EU) also has Directorates-General, which are administrative groupings of departments.
Harry Pearson (journalist)
Harry Pearson (born 1961) is an English journalist and author, specialising in sport.

Pearson has twice won The Cricket Society/MCC Book of the Year award: in 2011 for Slipless in Settle and in 2018 for Connie: The Marvellous Life of Learie Constantine. Reviewing Slipless in Settle in Wisden, Gideon Haigh referred to Pearson as "an extremely funny writer who turns a phrase like a doosra". Writing in Wisden on Pearson's biography of Learie Constantine, Kamila Shamsie praises his ability to retell "Constantine's actions on the cricket field, with crackle and fizz ... His descriptions of Connie's fielding heroics are a particular delight".

Pearson has been a regular contributor to the monthly football magazine When Saturday Comes for 20 years and has also written a weekly column for The Guardian.

Gideon Haigh
Gideon Clifford Jeffrey Davidson Haigh (born 29 December 1965) is an Australian journalist and non-fiction author who writes about sport (especially cricket), business and crime in Australia. He was born in London, was raised in Geelong, and lives in Melbourne.
Inter-Asterisk eXchange
Inter-Asterisk eXchange (IAX) is a communications protocol native to the Asterisk private branch exchange (PBX) software, and is supported by a few other softswitches, PBX systems, and softphones.  It is used for transporting voice over IP telephony sessions between servers and to terminal devices.

The original IAX protocol is deprecated and has been superseded by a second version, commonly called IAX2. The IAX2 protocol was published as an informational (non-standards-track) RFC 5456 by discretion of the RFC Editor in February 2010.

Firewall (computing)
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet or between several VLANs. Firewalls can be categorized as network-based or host-based.
Leadfinger
Leadfinger (pronounced "Led-finger") is an Australian guitar rock band formed in Wollongong, New South Wales, in 2006 by Glasgow-born singer and guitarist Stewart "Leadfinger" Cunningham. The band has released six albums to date, with the most recent released in February 2022 through Golden Robot Records.

New Christs
The New Christs are an Australian garage rock band formed in 1980 by founding mainstay, Rob Younger, on lead vocals. Younger was the lead singer for punk rockers, Radio Birdman, and in other hard rock groups, New Race, Bad Music, the Other Side, Nanker Phelge, and Deep Reduction. The New Christs line-up since 2011 is Younger with Jim Dickson on bass guitar, Dave Kettley on guitar, Paul Larsen on drums and Brent Williams on guitar and keyboards. Over their career the group have issued five studio albums, Distemper (1989), Lower Yourself (1997), We Got This! (2002), Gloria (2009) and Incantations (2014). Three former members have died: Stevie Plunder in January 1996, Mark Wilkinson in December 2012 and Christian Houllemare in June 2014.
Xiang Jingyu
Xiang Jingyu (Chinese: 向警予; pinyin: Xiàng Jǐngyǔ; Wade–Giles: Hsiang Ching-yü, (1895-09-04)September 4, 1895 – (1928-05-01)May 1, 1928, née  Xiang Junxian) was one of the earliest female members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and described by Chairman Mao Zedong as the only female founder of the CCP, widely regarded as a pioneer of the women's movement of China.

Xiang sought to unite the various women's movements in China around women workers and principles of anti-imperialism. She worked to support labor strikes including those which were part of the May Thirtieth Movement.

In 1928, the Kuomintang (KMT) arrested and executed her.

History of education in China
The history of education in China began with the birth of the Chinese civilization. Nobles often set up educational establishments for their offspring. Establishment of the imperial examinations (advocated in the Warring States period, originated in Han, founded in Tang) was instrumental in the transition from an aristocratic to a meritocratic government. Education was also seen as a symbol of power; the educated often earned significantly greater incomes.
Tonsan station
Tonsan station is a railway station in Tonsal-li, greater Tanch'ŏn city, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Kŭmgol Line of the Korean State Railway. It was opened on 4 December 1943 along with the rest of the Tongam–Paekkŭmsan section of the line; the station was originally called Hamnam Unsong station (Chosōn'gŭl:함남운송역; Hanja: 咸南雲松駅), receiving its current name after the establishment of the DPRK.

Tongam station
Tongam station is a railway station in Tongam-dong, greater Tanch'ŏn city, South Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Kŭmgol Line of the Korean State Railway. It was opened on 30 March 1943 along with the rest of the Yŏhaejin–Tongam section of the line.
2014 Guamanian legislative election
Elections for the Legislature of Guam took place on November 4, 2014, coinciding with the 2014 United States elections and the Guam gubernatorial election. All 15 seats in the Legislature of Guam were up for election.

James Espaldon
James Virata Espaldon (born June 21, 1956), also known as Jim Espaldon, is an American politician and lawyer. A member of the Republican Party, Espaldon is a former candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Guam in the 2010 gubernatorial election as the running mate of Michael Cruz. He placed fourth in the 2014 Guam Elections for the Legislature of Guam. On May 31, 2018, Espaldon announced that he would not seek reelection in 2018.