hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taber's reagent
Taber’s reagent is a diazo-phosphonate used for the one carbon homologation of an aldehyde to the alkyne which is next in the homologous series. Taber’s reagent allows this reaction to occur under ambient conditions, at a large scale, and at a lower cost relative to similar reagents. The reagent was discovered by Douglass F. Taber et al in 2008

Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation is a chemical reaction of an aryl ketone 1 (or aldehyde) with dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 and potassium tert-butoxide to give substituted alkynes 3. Dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 is often called the Seyferth–Gilbert reagent.

This reaction is called a homologation because the product has exactly one additional carbon more than the starting material.
De Soto station
De Soto station is a station on the G Line of the Los Angeles Metro Busway system. The station is next to Victory Boulevard, which parallels that section of the Orange Line. It is located in the western San Fernando Valley near the meeting of three largely residential municipal communities of the City of Los Angeles: Canoga Park, Winnetka, and Woodland Hills.

It is named after De Soto Avenue, which travels north-south and crosses the east-west busway route, and is, in turn, named after Hernando de Soto, the conquistador who led the first European expedition into the southeastern United States. De Soto did not explore California, despite the location of the station and avenue.

Counting from the western terminus in Chatsworth, it is the sixth station on the Orange Line.

Winnetka, Los Angeles
Winnetka (/wɪˈnɛtkə/) is a neighborhood in the west-central San Fernando Valley in the city of Los Angeles. It is an ethnically diverse area, both for the city and for Los Angeles County, with a relatively large percentage of Hispanic and Asian people.

Winnetka was founded in 1922 as a small farming community. As of 2018, there are six public and four private schools in the area, a recreation center, two pocket parks and a city-operated child-care center.
Seventh-day Adventist interfaith relations
This article describes the relationship between the Seventh-day Adventist Church and other Christian denominations and movements, and other religions. Adventists resist the movement that advocates their full ecumenical integration into other churches because they believe such a transition would force them to renounce their foundational beliefs and endanger the distinctiveness of their religious message. According to one church document,

"The ecumenical movement as an agency of cooperation has acceptable aspects; as an agency for the organic unity of churches, it is much more suspect."

Review and Herald Publishing Association
The Review and Herald Publishing Association was the older of two Seventh-day Adventist publishing houses in North America.  The organization published books, magazines, study guides, CDs, videos and games for Adventist churches, schools and individual subscribers.  It also printed and distributed the Adventist Review magazine. In 2014 the Review and Herald Publishing Association decided to remain as a publisher, but without printing and distribution facilities. It maintains a board and administrators.
Omagongati
Omagongati is a village situated in the northern part of Namibia in Ondangwa Rural Constituency, Oshana region, it borders the Kingdom of Ondonga from that of Uukwambi, and it is under the leadership of the headman Mr. Noah Nakwfila, well known as Kapinya. Omagongati is as far from Ondangwa as it is from Oshakati, roughly 17 km away and 11km from Ongwediva. It is surrounded by numerous villages, namely Ashaaga, Onelago, Uudhengelo and Okatha, with the nearest town Eheke which has a high school and more improved infrastructures.

As most other villages country wide, Omagongati also suffered the consequences of flood because it is in a flood-prone area. During the colonial era this village was also affected, the inhabitants’ houses were destroyed and their cultivating land was left dilapidated, although the village managed to reframe a moment after the war.

Oshakati
Oshakati is a town in northern Namibia. It is the regional capital of the Oshana Region and one of Namibia's largest cities, both by population and as an economic center. It had a population of 58,656 people in 2023.

Oshakati was founded in July 1966 and proclaimed a town in 1992. The town was used as a base of operations by the South African Defence Force (SADF) during the South African Border War.
Gross loan
Gross loan is the total amount of issued credits given to banks during the accounting period. Liquidity of the bank can be judged upon the amount of its gross loans. Liquidity of the credit institutions is directly related to the refinancing needs.

Gross loan is the total amount of loans, refinanced by credit institutions subject to the Central Bank. The Central Bank, as the lender of last resort, provides loans (credits) to commercial banks and other credit institutions, when the banks themselves have completely depleted their internal resources and are unable to maintain their solvency through other means. The Central Bank gives loans to commercial banks at the refinancing interest rate, which is minimal and may vary, depending on the type of services the given bank provides.

Gross income
For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).

For a business, gross income (also gross profit, sales profit, or credit sales) is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads, payroll, taxation, and interest payments. This is different from operating profit (earnings before interest and taxes). Gross margin is often used interchangeably with gross profit, but the terms are different. When speaking about a monetary amount, it is technically correct to use the term "gross profit", but when referring to a percentage or ratio, it is correct to use "gross margin".
Messi (cougar)
Messi (Russian: Месси; born 30 October 2015) is a pet cougar, model and Internet celebrity, owned by Russian couple Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev. The Dmitrievs live with Messi in a two-story house on a large plot of land in Penza, Russia. Messi was bought from a local petting zoo in 2016. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and a YouTube channel for Messi, which became popular by 2018 and continues to grow in subscribers.

Sphynx cat
The Sphynx cat (pronounced SFINKS, /ˈsfɪŋks/ ⓘ) also known as the Canadian Sphynx, is a breed of cat known for its lack of fur. Hairlessness in cats is a naturally occurring genetic mutation, and the Sphynx was developed through selective breeding of these animals, starting in the 1960s.

The skin has a texture of chamois leather, as it has fine hairs, or the cat may be completely hairless. Whiskers may be present, either whole or broken, or may be totally absent. Per the breed standards, they have a somewhat wedge-shaped head with large eyes and ears, quite long legs and tail, and neat rounded paws. Their skin is the color that their fur would be, and all the usual cat markings (solid, point, van, tabby, tortie, etc.) may be found on the Sphynx cat's skin. Because they have no fur, Sphynx cats lose body heat more readily than coated cats, making them both warm to the touch and prone to seeking out warm places.
Mars ocean hypothesis
The Mars ocean hypothesis states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3.1 mi) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere. Early Mars would have required a denser atmosphere and warmer climate to allow liquid water to remain at the surface.

HiRISE
High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is a camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter which has been orbiting and studying Mars since 2006. The 65 kg (143 lb), US$40 million instrument was built under the direction of the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. It consists of a 0.5 m (19.7 in) aperture reflecting telescope, the largest so far of any deep space mission, which allows it to take pictures of Mars with resolutions of 0.3 m/pixel (1 ft/pixel), resolving objects below a meter across.

HiRISE has imaged Mars exploration rovers on the surface, including the Opportunity rover and the ongoing Curiosity mission.
Berejiklian ministry (2017–2019)
The First Berejiklian  ministry was the 96th ministry of the Government of New South Wales, and was led by Gladys Berejiklian, the state's 45th Premier.

The Liberal–National coalition ministry was formed on 23 January 2017, immediately following the resignation of the previous Premier, Mike Baird. Berejiklian and Nationals leader, John Barilaro, were sworn in at Government House, Sydney by Governor David Hurley on the same day.

On 29 January, Premier Berejiklian announced a reorganisation of the ministry, with the full ministry sworn in by the Governor on 30 January 2017.

The ministry covered the period from 23 January 2017 until 23 March 2019 when the 2019 state election was held, resulting in the re-election of the Coalition; with Berejiklian as leader and the Second Berejiklian ministry being formed.

Berejiklian ministry (2019–2021)
The Second Berejiklian ministry was the 97th ministry of the Government of New South Wales, and was led by Gladys Berejiklian, the state's 45th Premier. It was the second and subsequent of two occasions that Berejiklian served as Premier.

The Liberal–National coalition ministry was formed following the 2019 state election where the Berejikilian government was re-elected. The ministry was sworn in by the Governor David Hurley on 2 April 2019. On 1 October 2021, Berejiklian announced that she would be resigning from the post as well as from the Parliament. She was replaced by treasurer Dominic Perrottet as Premier on 5 October 2021.
Andokides (potter)
Andokides (/ˌændoʊˈsaɪdiːz/; Greek: Ἀνδοκίδης) was a famous potter of Ancient Greece. The painter of his pots was an anonymous artist, the Andokides painter, who is recognized as the creator of the red-figure style, beginning around 530 BC.  His work is compared with Exekias, who was said to have created the most detailed and best examples of black-figure pottery.  Exekias is said to be the teacher of Andokides. Although the work of Andokides and his painter is considered inferior to that of Exekias, the invention of red figure was an important innovation.

The most renowned work of Andokides is the amphora depicting the god Dionysus and two of his maenads.

Exekias
Exekias (Ancient Greek: Ἐξηκίας, Exēkías) was an ancient Greek vase painter and potter who was active in Athens between roughly 545 BC and 530 BC. Exekias worked mainly in the black-figure technique, which involved the painting of scenes using a clay slip that fired to black, with details created through incision. Exekias is regarded by art historians as an artistic visionary whose masterful use of incision and psychologically sensitive compositions mark him as one of the greatest of all Attic vase painters. The Andokides painter and the Lysippides Painter are thought to have been students of Exekias.
Gaden Choeling Nunnery
Ganden Choeling Nunnery or Geden Chöling (Wylie: dga' ldan chos gling dgon pa) is a Tibetan Buddhist vihara for Buddhist nuns in Dharamshala, India. It is near the monastery in which the 14th Dalai Lama resides.

The Gaden Choeling Nunnery was started by nuns who fled from Nechung Ri vihara (Wylie: ne phyung ri) in Tibet, which was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. It is the largest and oldest Tibetan nunnery in India. Since most of the nunneries in Tibet are no longer operational, it may be the largest in the world.

Gaden Chöling is built on a steep hillside in Dharamsala. The nunnery is only a ten-minute walk from the main temple in McLeod Ganj. There are 160 nuns in residence.

McLeod Ganj
McLeod Ganj or McLeodganj (pronounced /məˈklaʊd ˌɡʌndʒ/) is a suburb of Dharamshala, in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known as "Little Lhasa" as the Tibetan government-in-exile is headquartered here and there is a significant population of Tibetans in the region.
Elvir Omerbegovic
Elvir Omerbegovic (born 1979) is a German entrepreneur of Bosnian descent who is mainly known as the founder and CEO of the hip hop label Selfmade Records and as President of Rap of Universal Music Germany. He is also the founder of the clothing label Pusher Apparel and the co-founder of Suckit.

Echo Music Prize
Echo Music Prize (stylised as ECHO, German pronunciation: [ˈɛço]) was an accolade by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie, an association of recording companies of Germany to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. The first ECHO Awards ceremony was held in 1992, and was set up to honor musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1991, succeeding the Deutscher Schallplattenpreis, which was awarded from 1963 to 2018. Each year's winner was determined by the previous year's sales. In April 2018, following controversy regarding that year's ceremony, the Bundesverband Musikindustrie announced the end of the award.
Ricardo Bochini
Ricardo Enrique Bochini (born 25 January 1954) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He is nicknamed El Bocha. He spent his nearly 20-year professional career at club Independiente, becoming one of the most emblematic players and the greatest idol in the history of the club. Bochini was a childhood idol of Argentine iconic footballer Diego Maradona.

In addition to winning the 1986 FIFA World Cup with the Argentina national team, Bochini won a total of 13 titles with Independiente – four Primera División championships and nine international competitions.

1977 Argentine Primera División
The 1977 Primera División season was the 86th season of top-flight football in Argentina. River Plate won the Metropolitano (17th title) and Independiente achieved the Nacional championship (11th title).

Lanús, Ferro C. Oeste and Temperley were relegated.
1962 Taça de Portugal final
The 1962 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1961–62 Taça de Portugal, the 22nd season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 1 July 1962 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Vitória de Setúbal. Benfica defeated Vitória de Setúbal 3–0 to claim the Taça de Portugal for an eleventh time.

Vitória F.C.
Vitória Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: [viˈtɔɾiɐ ðɨ sɨˈtuβal]), commonly known as Vitória de Setúbal, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Setúbal that used to compete in the Primeira Liga, the top flight of Portuguese football, at the Estádio do Bonfim. At the moment, they are playing in the first division of the Setúbal FA district championship after many financial problems. The club was born under the original name Sport Victoria from the ashes of the small Bonfim Foot-Ball Club.

When it comes to main achievements in Portugal, Vitória de Setúbal has won four trophies: three Taça de Portugal and one Taça da Liga. Internationally, Vitória has won a Small Club World Cup and an Iberian Cup. Historically, it is one of the most decorated clubs in the country.
Wainganga College of Engineering and Management
Wainganga College of Engineering and Management (WCEM) located in Dongargaon, Nagpur, India, was established in 2008. In 2018, a panel led by Nagpur University found irregularities in the college's finances and alleged that WCEM had collected excess fees from students and failed to refund caution money. In 2019, WCEM applied to reduce its intake capacity. In 2020, principal Manish Bihade accused WCEM management of refusing to pay staff unless they recruited students.

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU), formerly Nagpur University, is a public state university located in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It is one of India's oldest universities, as well as the second-oldest in Maharashtra. It is named after Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj, a spiritual leader, orator, and musician from Vidarbha. The university is a member of the Association of Indian Universities and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Death Hollow
Death Hollow, Death Canyon or Little Death Hollow is a slot canyon in the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument in central Garfield County, Utah, United States.

It is located on the East side of the Escalante River southeast of the town of Escalante, Utah. Not to be confused with the much longer and deeper Death Hollow upstream and directly to the east of the town.

Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument
The Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (GSENM) is a United States national monument protecting the Grand Staircase, the Kaiparowits Plateau, and the Canyons of the Escalante (Escalante River) in southern Utah. It was established in 1996 by President Bill Clinton under the authority of the Antiquities Act with 1.7 million acres of land, later expanded to 1,880,461 acres (7,610 km2). In 2017, the monument's size was reduced by half in a succeeding presidential proclamation, and it was restored in 2021. The land is among the most remote in the country; it was the last to be mapped in the contiguous United States.

The monument is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as part of the National Conservation Lands system. Grand Staircase–Escalante is the first and largest national monument managed by the BLM. Visitor centers are located in Cannonville, Big Water, Escalante, and Kanab.
Superperfect number
In number theory, a superperfect number is a positive integer n that satisfies

where σ is the sum-of-divisors function. Superperfect numbers are not a generalization of perfect numbers but have a common generalization. The term was coined by D. Suryanarayana (1969).

The first few superperfect numbers are:

2, 4, 16, 64, 4096, 65536, 262144, 1073741824, ... (sequence A019279 in the OEIS).

To illustrate: it can be seen that 16 is a superperfect number as σ(16) = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31, and σ(31) = 1 + 31 = 32, thus σ(σ(16)) = 32 = 2 × 16.

If n is an even superperfect number, then n must be a power of 2, 2k, such that 2k+1 − 1 is a Mersenne prime.

It is not known whether there are any odd superperfect numbers. An odd superperfect number n would have to be a square number such that either n or σ(n) is divisible by at least three distinct primes. There are no odd superperfect numbers below 7×1024.

Divisor function
In mathematics, and specifically in number theory, a divisor function is an arithmetic function related to the divisors of an integer. When referred to as the divisor function, it counts the number of divisors of an integer (including 1 and the number itself). It appears in a number of remarkable identities, including relationships on the Riemann zeta function and the Eisenstein series of modular forms. Divisor functions were studied by Ramanujan, who gave a number of important congruences and identities; these are treated separately in the article Ramanujan's sum.

A related function is the divisor summatory function, which, as the name implies, is a sum over the divisor function.
LouFest
The LouFest Music Festival was an annual two-day event held 2010 - 2018 in Forest Park, located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The event featured local, regional and national acts, with an aesthetic range from funk and indie-rock to alt-country and soul. The event featured four stages with alternating performances throughout the weekend. The festival grounds included a children's stage and village, an environmentally friendly vendor area, and a food court featuring restaurants from St. Louis neighborhoods. On September 5, 2018, LouFest was canceled only days before the event was supposed to take place due to “the loss of two of the event’s top sponsors, scheduling and contract issues with major artists, and existing debt from previous events."

The Airborne Toxic Event
The Airborne Toxic Event is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2006. It consists of Mikel Jollett (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Steven Chen (guitar, keyboards), Adrian Rodriguez (electric bass, backing vocals), Daren Taylor (drums), and Miriam "Mimi" Peschet (backing vocals, violin). Anna Bulbrook (vocals, violin) and Noah Harmon (electric bass) were formerly members of the band.

Named after a section in Don DeLillo's novel White Noise, the group is known for its blend of rock music and orchestral arrangements, having performed frequently with the Calder Quartet, a string quartet based in Los Angeles. The group has also played concerts with the Louisville Orchestra and the Colorado Symphony Orchestra.
Crematogaster ashmeadi
Crematogaster ashmeadi, commonly known as the acrobat ant, is an arboreal ant widespread in the Southeastern United States. It nests and forages almost exclusively above ground level, often found in treetops and on lianas. It is one of eleven species in the genus Crematogaster that is native to eastern North America. This ant species has been observed to raid wasp nests, including the species Mischocyttarus mexicanus, and to forage on their brood. It is the most dominant arboreal ant in the pine forests of the coastal plains of northern Florida. Colonies of these ants inhabit a majority of pine trees in the area, living in chambers in the outer bark of living trees that have been abandoned by bark-mining caterpillars, usually of the family Cossidae. C. ashmeadi does little to no excavation of its own, relying solely on chambers bored out by other insects.

Crematogaster
Crematogaster is an ecologically diverse genus of ants found worldwide, which are characterised by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster (abdomen), which gives them one of their common names, the Saint Valentine ant. Members of this genus are also known as cocktail ants because of their habit of raising their abdomens when alarmed. Most species are arboreal (tree-dwelling). These ants are also known as acrobat ants.

Cocktail ants acquire food largely through predation on other insects, such as wasps. They use venom to stun their prey and a complex trail-laying process to lead comrades to food sources. Like most ants, Crematogaster species reproduce by partaking in nuptial flights, where the queen acquires the sperm used to fertilize every egg throughout her life.