hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
İstiklal
İstiklal (lit. 'independence') is a national Turkish daily newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey. İstiklal is a local newspaper founded in 1974. The publishing center of the newspaper is located in Zeytinburnu district.

Zeytinburnu
Zeytinburnu (literally, Olive Cape) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 12 km2, and its population is 292,616 (2022). It is a working-class area on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey, on the shore of the Marmara Sea just outside the walls of the ancient city, beyond the fortress of Yedikule.
Form factor (quantum field theory)
In elementary particle physics and mathematical physics, in particular in effective field theory, a form factor is a function that encapsulates the properties of a certain particle interaction without including all of the underlying physics, but instead, providing the momentum dependence of suitable matrix elements. It is further measured experimentally in confirmation or specification of a theory—see experimental particle physics.

Gluon
A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/ GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the strong interaction, gluons bind quarks into groups according to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons.

Gluons carry the color charge of the strong interaction, thereby participating in the strong interaction as well as mediating it. Because gluons carry the color charge, QCD is more difficult to analyze compared to quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the photon carries no electric charge.

The term was coined by Murray Gell-Mann in 1962 for being similar to an adhesive or glue that keeps the nucleus together. Together with the quarks, these particles were referred to as partons by Richard Feynman.
Welcome parade (torture)
The welcome parade (also known as health trail or corredor polonês) is a form of torture used to new prisoners in some countries, including Poland in the twentieth century during the Polish People's Republic (communist period), and Egypt and Belarus in the twenty-first century. It is the frame-up for a gauntlet running, a form of corporal punishment.

Running the gauntlet
"Running the gauntlet" refers to taking part in a form of corporal punishment in which one or more individuals is forced to run between two rows of people who attack them with weapons. Metaphorically, the term is also used to convey a public trial that one must overcome.
2007 National Games of India
The 2007 National Games, also known as the 33rd National Games of India and informally as Assam 2007 was the 33rd edition of the National Games of India, held from 9 February 2007 to 18 February 2007 in Guwahati, Assam, India.

Indian National Congress president Sonia Gandhi declared the 33rd National Games open amid clamorous cheering from the 30,000 strong crowd at the Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium. Bihar, Puducherry and Tripura did not participate in the games.

National Games of India
The National Games of India (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Khēla) consist of various disciplines in which athletes from the different states of India participate against each other. The country's first few Olympic Games, now renamed as National Games, were held in Lahore (now in Pakistan), Delhi, Allahabad, Patiala, Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.
HMS Jaguar (F37)
HMS Jaguar (F37), was a Leopard-class Type 41 anti-aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy, named after the jaguar. Jaguar was the last frigate built by William Denny & Brothers for the Royal Navy. Unlike the rest of her class, she was fitted with controllable pitch propellers.

Leopard-class frigate
The Type 41 or Leopard class were a class of anti-aircraft defence frigates built for the Royal Navy (four ships) and Indian Navy (three ships) in the 1950s. The Type 41, together with the Type 61 variant, introduced diesel propulsion into the Royal Navy, the perceived benefits being long range, low fuel use, reduced crew (especially skilled artificers), and reduced complexity.

Although successful, improvements in traditional steam turbine technology erased the fuel economy advantage of the diesel powerplants and led to production being curtailed in favour of the Type 12 frigate, which was similar in overall design.
Argonne (automobile)
The Argonne was an American automobile manufactured from 1919 to 1920 by the Jersey City Machine Co. of Jersey City, New Jersey.

Only 24 were produced before the company folded. The prototype car was a sports roadster with an aluminum body crafted by the Schutte Body Co. of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It was powered by an inline-four Buda engine. A Rochester-Duesenberg power plant was also available. Production models included a roadster on a 118-inch (3,000 mm) wheelbase, and some sources list an open Tourer model on a 132-inch (3,400 mm) wheelbase.

The marque featured a sharply pointed radiator similar to that found on the Austro-Daimler.

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
Assassination of Abdullah I of Jordan
On 20 July 1951, Abdullah I, the first King of Jordan, was assassinated while visiting the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Abdullah was in Jerusalem to give a eulogy at Riad Al Solh's funeral, the first Prime Minister of Lebanon. He was attending Friday prayers at the mosque with his grandson, Prince Hussein. Abdullah was fatally shot three times in the head and chest.

The assassin, 21-year-old Mustafa Shukri Ashu, was shot dead by the King's bodyguards. Ten men were accused of plotting the murder, eight faced trial, and six were sentenced for their role in the crime. The assassination led to a succession crisis due to his son Talal suffering from mental illness.

The event marked the fourth major assassination in the Middle East in 1951, following the deaths of Riad Al Solh, Iranian Prime Minister Ali Razmara, and Iranian Education Minister Abdul Hamid Zangeneh. The killings were a sign of increased instability in the region.

Prince Nayef bin Abdullah
Prince Nayef bin Abdullah (Arabic: الأمير نايف بن عبدالله, al-Amir Nayif ibn ʿAbd Allāh; 14 November 1914 – 12 October 1983) was the younger son of King Abdullah I of Jordan, by his second wife, Suzdil Khanum. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Nayef was a 39th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.

Nayef attended Victoria College in Alexandria. He underwent military training in Turkey, being assigned as the honorary Aide-de-Camp of the Turkish President Ismet Inönü from April 1939 until shortly before the outbreak of World War II in September the same year. He became regent of Jordan on 20 July 1951, following the assassination of Abdullah, because his older half-brother King Talal was reportedly suffering from poor health. Nayef ruled in his brother's stead until 6 September 1951, when Talal was judged fit to assume his royal duties. Nayef died in Jordan on 12 October 1983.
Manya Shochat
Manya Shochat (Hebrew: מניה שוחט; also Mania, Wilbuszewicz/Wilbushewitz; later Shochat; 1880–1961) was a Russian-Jewish politician who was a leading figure in the Zionist movement. She was influential in the establishment of kibbutzim in Palestine in the early 1900s, which laid the groundwork for the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.

Grodno Governorate
Grodno Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Grodno. It encompassed 38,671.5 square kilometres (14,931.1 mi2) in area and consisted of a population of 1,603,409 inhabitants by 1897. Grodno Governorate was bordered by Suwałki Governorate to the north, Vilna Governorate to the northeast, Minsk Governorate to the east, Volhynia Governorate to the south, Kholm Governorate to the west, and Łomża Governorate to the northwest. The governorate covered the areas of modern-day Grodno Region of Belarus, part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland, and a small part of Druskininkai, Lazdijai and Varėna districts of Lithuania.
Boothville House
Boothville is a heritage-listed villa and former maternity hospital at 43 Seventh Avenue, Windsor, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1887 to c. 1900. It is also known as Monte Video. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Bramwell Booth
William Bramwell Booth, CH (8 March 1856 – 16 June 1929) was a British church and charity leader who was the first Chief of Staff (1881–1912) and the second General of The Salvation Army (1912–1929), succeeding his father, William Booth.
Old Xaverians SC
The Old Xaverians Soccer Club is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in the Melbourne suburb of Kew East. The club was founded in February 2002 by alumni & parents of Jesuit school Xavier College with backing from the Old Xaverian Association, the Associated Old Boys Soccer Association, the school's administration, and members of Melbourne's Italian community. Under license from Football Victoria, the club fields a Senior Men's squad that competes in the Victorian Men's state league system, and operates a mixed gender youth academy. From 2012 to 2021, the club also fielded a Senior Women's squad that competed in the Victorian Women's state league system.

Victorian State League
The Victorian State League (VSL), known as the VETO Sports State League for sponsorship reasons, is an Australian soccer league based in Victoria. It is administered by Football Victoria, covering the fourth-to-eighth-highest tiers in the Victorian soccer league system (and the fifth-to-ninth-highest nationally).

As of 2026, it consists of seven divisions (separated by two zones, North/West and South/East). Each division would have 24 teams, with 12 in each division. Mazenod FC would withdraw from the VETO State League 1 South/East on the 23rd of January 2026 leaving the State League 1 with only 23 teams. Clubs promoted from VSL 1 enter the Victorian Premier League (VPL). There is no relegation from the State League 7.
AN 51
The AN 51 was a French tactical nuclear warhead used on the Pluton short range missile; the Pluton system was retired in 1992–93. The warhead was based upon the MR 50 CTC (charge tactique commune - common tactical warhead) warhead, with the same physics package as used in the AN 52 bomb. It had two yields; 10 and 25 kt.

Pluton (missile)
The Pluton missile was a French nuclear-armed tactical ballistic missile (short-range ballistic missile, SRBM) system launched from a transporter erector launcher (TEL) platform mounted on an AMX-30 tank chassis. It was designed to provide the tactical part of French nuclear deterrence during the Cold War.
Bobritzsch (municipality)
Bobritzsch is a former municipality in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. With effect from 1 January 2012, it has merged with Hilbersdorf, forming the new municipality of Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf.

Bobritzsch is located some 28 km southwest of Dresden, 15 km west of Dippoldiswalde, 9 km northwest of Frauenstein, 10 km east of Brand-Erbisdorf and about 8 km east of Freiberg. Bobritzsch lies at the foot of the Eastern Ore Mountains. The small river Bobritzsch flows through Bobritzsch from south to north. The Ortsteil Naundorf is on the Bundesstraße 173, between Freiberg and Dresden.

Frauenstein, Saxony
Frauenstein (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁaʊənˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the eastern Ore Mountains, 19 km (11.81 mi) southeast of Freiberg, and 33 km (20.51 mi) southwest of Dresden.

Frauenstein Castle is located northeast of the town centre.
Ancalagon the Black
Ancalagon, or Ancalagon the Black, is a dragon that appears in the legends of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien, and particularly in his novel The Silmarillion.

Bred by Morgoth in the depths of his fortress of Angband, Ancalagon is present at the last battle of the First Age, which sees the battle between the armies of the Valar and Morgoth to free Middle-earth from the latter's yoke. Morgoth, seeing his armies in disarray, unveils, as a last resort, the winged dragons led by Ancalagon the Black. Eärendil and Thorondor are confronted by Ancalagon in an aerial battle in which the dragon is shot down, bringing down the peaks of Thangorodrim and defeating its master. This story was probably inspired by the battle between the biblical dragon Satan and the Archangel Michael in the Book of Revelation.

The first flying dragon to appear in the story, it also marks a turning point in Tolkien's physical evolution of this species.

Dragons in Middle-earth
J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium features dragons based on those of European legend, but going beyond them in having personalities of their own, such as the wily Smaug, who has features of both Fafnir and the Beowulf dragon.

Dragons appear in the early stories of The Book of Lost Tales, including the mechanical war-dragons of The Fall of Gondolin. Tolkien went on to create Smaug, a powerful and terrifying adversary, in The Hobbit. Dragons are only mentioned in passing in The Lord of the Rings.

Tolkien's conception of the dragon has been adopted both in games loosely based on his Middle-earth writings, and by other fantasy authors. Several taxa have been named after Tolkien's dragons, including both extinct and living species. Several taxa, including girdled lizards, shield bugs, and ants, carry the name Smaug.
Beneficiary (trust)
In trust law, a beneficiary (also known by the Law French terms cestui que use and cestui que trust), is the person or persons who are entitled to the benefit of any trust arrangement.  A beneficiary will normally be a natural person, but it is perfectly possible to have a company as the beneficiary of a trust, and this often happens in sophisticated commercial transaction structures. With the exception of charitable trusts, and some specific anomalous non-charitable purpose trusts, all trusts are required to have ascertainable beneficiaries.

Generally speaking, there are no strictures as to who may be a beneficiary of a trust; a beneficiary can be a minor, or under a mental disability (in fact many trusts are created specifically for persons with those legal disadvantages). It is also possible to have trusts for unborn children, although the trusts must vest within the applicable perpetuity period.

Vesting
In law, vesting is the point in time when the rights and interests arising from legal ownership of a property are acquired by some person. Vesting creates an immediately secured right of present or future deployment.  One has a vested right to an asset that cannot be taken away by any third party, even though one may not yet possess the asset. When the right, interest, or title to the present or future possession of a legal estate can be transferred to any other party, it is termed a vested interest.

The concept can arise in any number of contexts, but the most common are inheritance law and retirement plan law. In real estate, to vest is to create an entitlement to a privilege or a right. For example, one may cross someone else's property regularly and unrestrictedly for several years, and one's right to an easement becomes vested. The original owner still retains the possession, but can no longer prevent the other party from crossing.
Connecticut's 15th House of Representatives district
The fifteenth Connecticut House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. Its current representative is Bobby Gibson. The district consists of part of the towns of Bloomfield and Windsor.

Windsor, Connecticut
Windsor is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut. The town was the first English settlement in the state. It lies on the northern border of Connecticut's capital, Hartford. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population of Windsor was 29,492 at the 2020 census.
2025 North American Cup
The 2025 North American Cup was the inaugural edition of the North American Cup, a cricket tournament that was contested in the Cayman Islands from 19 to 27 April 2025. The five participating teams were the hosts Cayman Islands, along with Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada and the United States.

The tournament provided the teams with preparations for the 2025 Men's T20 World Cup Americas Regional Final (which did not feature the United States who had already qualified for the 2026 Men's T20 World Cup).

The United States beat Canada in the final by 6 wickets, to become the first champions of the North American Cup.

2025 Men's T20 World Cup Americas Regional Final
The 2025 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Americas Regional Final was a cricket tournament that formed part of the qualification process for the 2026 Men's T20 World Cup. It was held from 15 to 22 June 2025.

The winner of the tournament would qualify for the 2026 T20 World Cup, where they would join United States and West Indies from the Americas region, who had automatically qualified.

Canada won the qualifier to secure a place at the 2026 T20 World Cup.
Aburukuwa
The Aburukuwa (also known as the Abrukwa) is an open drum of the Akan people and the Asante people of Ghana. It is a high-pitched talking drum used by the Akan people, bottle-shaped with its skin is held on by pegs. It is usually played with curved sticks. Its sound resembles the birdsong of a bird of the same name.

The Aburukuwa is the smallest of the three drums used by the Asante people during rituals and ceremonies. The Aburukuwa and its sister drums, the Kwadum and the Apentemma, were typically covered by red and black felt to represent death and blood. Although the drums have become associated with funerals and ancestor worship, they were also used during wartime.

Akan people
The Akan (/ˈækæn/) people are a Kwa group living primarily in Ghana and parts of Ivory Coast and Togo in West Africa. The Akan speak languages within the Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano subfamily of the Niger–Congo family. Subgroups of the Akan people include: the Adanse, Agona, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Anyi, Asante, Baoulé, Bono, Chakosi, Fante, Kwahu, Sefwi, Wassa, Ahanta, Denkyira and Nzema, among others. The Akan subgroups all have cultural attributes in common; most notably the tracing of royal matrilineal descent in the inheritance of property, and for succession to high political office. All Akans are considered royals in status, but not all are in royal succession or hold titles.
Francisco de Távora, 1st Count of Alvor
D. Francisco de Távora, 1st Count of Alvor (1646 – 31 May 1710) was a Portuguese nobleman, military officer, diplomat, and colonial administrator of the second half of the 17th century and early 18th century. He served the Kingdom of Portugal during the reigns of Kings Afonso VI, Peter II, and John V. He was the third son of the 2nd Count of São João da Pesqueira, António Luís de Távora and his wife Arcângela Maria de Portugal, daughter of the 4th Count of Linhares.

Marquis of Távora
Count of São João da Pesqueira (in Portuguese Conde de São João da Pesqueira) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated from 21 March 1611, by King Philip II of Portugal (aka Philip III of Spain), and granted to Dom Luís Álvares de Távora, Lord of Távora.

In the 17th century this family received new honours: a royal decree of King Afonso VI of Portugal, issued on August 6, 1669, created the title of Marquis of Távora (in Portuguese Marquês de Távora) and granted it to Dom Luís Álvares de Távora, 3rd Count of São João da Pesqueira.

In 1759, these two titles were extinguished once the 4th Marquis was executed following the Távora affair.
Rene Cinquin
René Cinquin (1898–1978) was an American creator of panoramic maps and a painter. Several of his maps are in the Library of Congress' collection. Metropolitan Aero-View Co. was a publisher of his maps.

The firm of Hughes & Cinquin produced panoramic maps during the 1920s under the sponsorship of Oakley H. Bailey (1843-1947), a panoramic map artist and publisher. The panoramic map collection of the Library of Congress has seven Aero-View maps of Long Island towns and six of New Jersey towns drawn by Rene Cinquin between 1924 and 1929. Most were published by either Hughes & Cinquin, Brooklyn, or Metropolitan Aero-View Co., New York.

Cinquin's map of Patchogue includes an extensive writeup about the community.

O. H. Bailey
Oakley Hoopes Bailey  (June 14, 1843 – August 13, 1947) was a prolific panoramic map creator for several decades. He produced 374 maps from 1871 until he retired in 1927. Aerial photography replaced the months long process of capturing views  drawn in panoramic maps to a process that could be done in a day. The Library of Congress has a collection of his maps.

He was born in Mahoning County, Ohio and studied at Mount Union College in  Alliance, Ohio in 1862. In 1864, he served with the 143d Ohio Volunteer Militia, Company F, before returning to Mount Union and graduating in 1866. He began making maps in 1871, moved to Boston, and made many maps of areas in Massachusetts and Connecticut.

He died in Alliance, Ohio at age 104.
Robert J. Cross
Robert John Cross (October 1, 1803 - February 15, 1873) was an American pioneer. He was the first permanent settler of the town of Roscoe, Illinois, the County Treasurer of Winnebago County, Illinois, and a member of the Illinois General Assembly.

Winnebago County, Illinois
Winnebago County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 285,350 making it the seventh most populous county in Illinois behind Cook County and its five surrounding collar counties. Its county seat is Rockford. Winnebago County is the central county of the Rockford metropolitan area.
Haworthia vlokii
Haworthia vlokii is a perennial succulent belonging to the genus Haworthia and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Swartberg Mountains. The plant has a range of 73 km2, there is only one population and the species is considered rare.

Haworthia
Haworthia is a large genus of small succulent plants endemic to Southern Africa 
(Mozambique, Namibia, Lesotho, Eswatini and South Africa).

Like aloes and gasteria they are members of the subfamily Asphodeloideae and they generally resemble miniature aloes, except in their flowers, which are distinctive in appearance. They are popular garden and container plants.

These plants were described by Henri Auguste Duval (1777-1814) in 1809. The genus name is derived from Adrian Hardy Haworth’s (1767-1833) name, a botanist and avid succulent collector.
Valserhorn
The Valserhorn (also spelled Valser Horn) is a summit of the Lepontine Alps, situated between Vals and Nufenen in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland, on territory of both municipalities. With a prominence of 236 meters it is commonly agreed to be an independent peak to higher Bärenhorn (2929m) one mile to its northeast.

A popular hike starts at Zervreila, passes three remote lakes (Guraletschsee, Amperveilsee and Selvasee) and descends via Selva Alp to Vals. Vals is famous for its spa.

Amperveilsee
Amperveilsee is a lake above Vals in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland.

A popular hike starts at Zervreila, passes the three remote lakes Guraletschsee, Amperveilsee and Selvasee and descends via Selva Alp to Vals. Vals is famous for its spa.