hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sphedamnocarpus
Sphedamnocarpus is a plant genus in the Malpighiaceae, consisting of some 10 to 18 species. They are native to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, and may be subshrubs, shrubs or climbers. Their mostly yellow flowers have 5 sepals and 5 petals. The 3 to 4-locular ovaries develop into samaras.

Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 71 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World (the Caribbean and the southernmost United States to Argentina) and the rest in the Old World (Africa, Madagascar, and Indomalaya to New Caledonia and the Philippines).

One useful species in the family is Malpighia emarginata, often called acerola. The fruit is consumed in areas where the plant is native. The plant is cultivated elsewhere for the fruit, which is rich in vitamin C.

Another member of the family, caapi or yagé (Banisteriopsis caapi), is used in the entheogenic brew known as ayahuasca.

One feature found in several members of this family, and rarely in others, is providing pollinators with rewards other than pollen or nectar; this is commonly in the form of nutrient oils (resins are offered by Clusiaceae).
PARAFE
PARAFE (abbreviation of Passage Automatisé Rapide Aux Frontières Extérieures or automated fast-track crossing at external borders) is a passport verification and border control system deployed in France and operated by French border guards. PARAFE consists of automated self-service gates, located at certain French border checkpoints (in arrival and departure halls) and offer a faster alternative to manual checks at desks staffed by border guards. The gates use facial recognition technology to verify the user's identity against the data stored in the chip in their biometric passport.

PARAFE gates are available for travels from or to countries which are not signatory of the Schengen agreements.

Monégasque passport
The Monégasque passport is issued to citizens of Monaco for international travel. In 2009 there were an estimated 6,000 in circulation.  The passport is burgundy in colour and has the national coat of arms and the words "Principauté de Monaco" (Principality of Monaco) on it.
1948 Salad Bowl
The 1948 Salad Bowl was a postseason American college football bowl game between the Nevada Wolf Pack and the North Texas State Eagles at Montgomery Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona, on January 1, 1948. The game marked the first bowl game for Nevada and the second for North Texas.

It was the 1st edition of the annual Salad Bowl. North Texas represented the Lone Star Conference in the contest, while Nevada competed as an Independent. In a defensive struggle, Nevada would earn their first bowl win with a 13–6 victory.

Salad Bowl (game)
The Salad Bowl was an annual post-season  American college football bowl game played at Montgomery Stadium in Phoenix, Arizona, from 1947 to 1955.  The bowl was sponsored by the Phoenix and Valley of the Sun Kiwanis Clubs.  The bowl stopped inviting college teams in 1952; the 1953 and 1954 games were played among service teams.  It was an all-star game in both January and December 1955.
Maryland Municipal League
The Maryland Municipal League (MML) is a voluntary, nonprofit, nonpartisan group (501 (c)(4)) that  works to support and unite the 157 incorporated municipal governments in the state of Maryland, as well as four special taxing districts through advocacy, public policy and leadership development. MML was founded in 1936 and is located in Annapolis, Maryland. The 15 person staff team is led by Chief Executive Officer, Theresa Kuhns. As an affiliate member of the National League of Cities, the MML also offers legislative representation in Washington, D.C., and connections to other municipal colleagues throughout the United States.

In June 2025, Mayor Todd Nock, Pocomoke City, was elected President of the Board of Directors for a one-year term.

National League of Cities
The National League of Cities (NLC) is an American advocacy organization that represents the country's 19,495 cities, towns, and villages along with 49 state municipal leagues. Created in 1924, it has evolved into a membership organization providing education, research, support, and advocacy to city leaders across America. Based in Washington, D.C., it is considered part of the 'Big Seven', a group of organizations that represent state and local governments in the United States. NLC provides training and other resources to municipal officials, holds conferences, and conducts federal advocacy efforts on behalf of cities, towns and villages.

Today, NLC represents nearly 2,800 member cities as a convening organization, support network, and representative in federal affairs. Leading priorities for the group include the economy, infrastructure, public safety, technology, education, and families.
David Davies (rugby league, born 1902)
David "Dai" Morgan Davies (5 May 1902 – 22 February 1992) was a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Amman United and Neath and after changing codes to rugby league (RL) he played at international level for Wales and at club level for Broughton Rangers, Warrington, Huddersfield and Keighley, as a scrum-half. Dai Davies was on the losing side in four Challenge Cup finals with three separate clubs; Warrington (1928 and 1933), Huddersfield (1935), and Keighley (1937).

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Paulsen Mountains
Paulsen Mountains (72°10′S 1°21′E﻿ / ﻿72.167°S 1.350°E﻿ / -72.167; 1.350) is a mountainrange including Brattskarvet Mountain, Vendeholten Mountain and Tverrveggen Ridge, located in the northern part of the Sverdrup Mountains in Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for Karl-Heinz Paulsen, oceanographer on the expedition.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Paulsen Mountains". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Vendeholten Mountain
Vendeholten Mountain (72°12′S 1°20′E﻿ / ﻿72.200°S 1.333°E﻿ / -72.200; 1.333) is a 2,230 m tall mountain standing north of Tverrbrekka Pass in the Sverdrup Mountains, Queen Maud Land. It was photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), and mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Vendeholten.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vendeholten Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
The Biggest Loser season 18
The Biggest Loser season 18 is the eighteenth season of the American reality television series The Biggest Loser which premiered on January 28, 2020. Season 18 marks the series' return from a four-year hiatus and is intended to not only show people the necessity of weight loss, but also the necessity of living a healthy lifestyle. It is the first season to air on the USA Network; the preceding seventeen seasons originally aired on NBC. Bob Harper who served as a trainer in previous seasons (as well as host of the final NBC season) returns as the host in season 18. The twelve contestants were trained by professionals Steve Cook and Erica Lugo.

The Biggest Loser (American TV series)
The Biggest Loser is an American competition reality show that initially ran on NBC for 17 seasons from 2004 to 2016, returning in 2020 – for an 18th and final season – on USA Network. The show features obese and overweight contestants competing to win a cash prize by losing the highest percentage of weight relative to their initial weight.
SM Studios
SM Studios (Korean: 에스엠스튜디오스; stylized in all caps) was a South Korean holding company wholly owned by SM Entertainment. It was established after SM restructured its affiliates to focus on its music business. The company managed drama, entertainment, and fields of new media. It was dissolved in 2025 following a merger with SM Entertainment.

Mystic Story
Mystic Story (formerly Mystic Entertainment, Korean: 미스틱스토리; RR: Miseutik Seutori, abbreviated as MSTSTR) is a South Korean entertainment company established by South Korean singer-songwriter Yoon Jong-shin. It has three subsidiaries, including Mystic Actors, which manages actors and actresses.
Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica (N)
Nadjakov Glacier, Danco Coast

Narechen Glacier, Alexander Island

Narezne Glacier, Loubet Coast

Nauchene Nunatak, Graham Coast

Naiad Lake, Livingston Island

Nebeska Peak, Sentinel Range

Nebush Nunatak, Alexander Island

Nedelya Point, Livingston Island

Nedev Peak, Oscar II Coast

Negovan Crag, Trinity Peninsula

Nell Peak, Sentinel Range

Neofit Peak, Smith Island

Nereid Lake, Greenwich Island

Nesebar Gap, Livingston Island

Nesla Glacier, Graham Coast

Nessie Rock, Livingston Island

Nestinari Nunataks, Livingston Island

Nestorov Island, South Orkney Islands

Nevestino Cove, Robert Island

Nevlya Peak, Greenwich Island

Nevsha Cove, Graham Coast

Nicolai Peak, Alexander Island

Nikola Peak, Sentinel Range

Nikolov Cove, Smith Island

Nikopol Point, Livingston Island

Nikudin Rock, Greenwich Island

Nikyup Point, Trinity Peninsula

Nishava Cove, Rugged Island

Nosei Glacier, Smith Island

Nove Peak, Trinity Peninsula

Nusha Hill, Livingston Island

Nauchene Nunatak
Nauchene Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Научене, ‘Nunatak Nauchene’ \'nu-na-tak na-'u-che-ne\) is the mostly ice-covered rocky ridge extending 1.2 km in northwest-southeast direction, 600 m wide and rising to 1163 m in lower Rickmers Glacier in the west foothills of Bruce Plateau on Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is named after the settlement of Nauchene in Southeastern Bulgaria.
Exomvourgo (municipality)
Exomvourgo (Greek: Εξώμβουργο) is a former municipality on the island of Tinos, in the Cyclades, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tinos, of which it is a municipal unit. The population was 2,276 at the 2021 census. Its land area is 138.213 km². The seat of the municipality was in Xinara. The municipal unit shares the island of Tinos with the municipal units of Tinos (town) and Panormos.

Panormos, Tinos
Panormos (Greek: Πάνορμος) or Pyrgos (Πύργος) is a village and a former community on the island of Tinos, in the Cyclades, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tinos, of which it is a municipal unit. The population was 566 at the 2021 census and the land area is 33.378 km². It is a small fishing village, located at the northwestern tip of the island. It shares the island of Tinos with the municipal units of Tinos (town) and Exomvourgo.
Heterocyclic amine
Heterocyclic amines, also sometimes referred to as HCAs, are chemical compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring, which by definition has atoms of at least two different elements, as well as at least one amine (nitrogen-containing) group.  Typically it is a nitrogen atom of an amine group that also makes the ring heterocyclic (e.g., pyridine), though compounds exist in which this is not the case (e.g., the drug zileuton). The biological functions of heterocyclic amines vary, including vitamins and carcinogens. Carcinogenic heterocyclic amines are created by high temperature cooking of meat and smoking of plant matter like tobacco. Some well known heterocyclic amines are niacin (vitamin B3), nicotine (psychoactive alkaloid and recreational drug), and the nucleobases that encode genetic information in DNA.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
1977 Queen's Club Championships
The 1977 Queen's Club Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the 75th edition of the tournament and was held from 13 June through 18 June 1977. Raúl Ramírez won the singles title.

1977 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF, later the ITF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Colgate-Palmolive Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking. Colgate-Palmolive was the new tour sponsor, taking over from Commercial Union. Guillermo Vilas won the Grand Prix circuit, having accumulated the most points (2,047), and received the largest share from the bonus pool ($300,000). The top eight points ranked singles players as well as the top four doubles teams qualified for the season-ending Masters tournament
Adelina Munro Drysdale
Princess Adelina de Colonna, Duchess of Rignano (born Adelina Munro Drysdale; 19 September 1896 – 14 December 1942) was a Scottish Argentine socialite. In her honour, her grandfather Duncan MacKay Munro named the Villa Adelina train station of Córdoba Central Railway (current General Belgrano Railway) after her. The town then built around the station in Vicente López Partido also took the name "Villa Adelina".

Scottish Argentines
Scottish Argentines are Argentine citizens of Scottish descent or Scottish-born people who reside in Argentina. A Scottish Argentine population has existed since at least 1825. Frequently, Scottish Argentines are wrongly referred to as English. Scottish Argentines celebrate Scottish culture and hold parades for Scottish celebrations, like Burns Night.
Kallimandayam
Kallimathayam is a village located along Tiruppur-Dharapuram-Oddanchatram highway.

Kallimanthayam Village Panchayat falls under Thoppampatti Union and Oddanchatram taluk of Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu. Kallimanthayam is located 17.6 Km distance from Thoppampatti and 40.7 Km from Dindugal. It is bounded by Kondarangi Keeranur in the west, Kolinjivadi in the north, Idaiyakottai in the east and Tangachiyammapatti in the south.

Thoppampatti
Thoppampatti is a small town located in Palani taluk of Dindigul district in Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Thoppampatti Panchayat Union in Tiruppur district. It is located 20 kilometers (12 miles) away from Dharapuram and 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) away from Palani in Erode-Dharapuram-Palani highway.
Marichuela Formation
The Marichuela Formation (Spanish: Formación Marichuela, N1m) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates. The Marichuela Formation dates to the Neogene period; Late Miocene to Early Pliocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 40 metres (130 ft).

Usme
Usme is the 5th locality of the Capital District of Bogotá, capital city of Colombia. Usme is located in the south of Bogotá, bordering to the north the localities of San Cristóbal, Rafael Uribe Uribe and Tunjuelito, to the west the locality of Ciudad Bolívar, to the south the locality of Sumapaz, and to the east, behind the Eastern Hills, the municipalities of Ubaque, Chipaque and Une in the Department of Cundinamarca.
Fictional universe of Harry Potter
The fictional universe of the Harry Potter series of novels contains two distinct societies: the "wizarding world" and the "Muggle world". The term "Muggle world" refers to a society inhabited by non-magical humans ("Muggles"), while the term "wizarding world" refers to a society of wizards that live parallel to Muggles. The wizarding world is described as a veiled society wherein magic is commonly used and practised; the wizards live in self-enforced seclusion and hide their abilities from Muggles. The novels are set in 1990s Britain, which contains both Muggle and wizard communities. Any new works taking place in this universe are released under the Wizarding World brand.

Vila (fairy)
A vila, or víla (plural: vile, or víly ; Bulgarian: vila, diva, juda, samovila, samodiva, samojuda; Czech: víla, samodiva, divoženka; Old East Slavic: vila; Polish: wiła; Serbo-Croatian: vila; Slovak: víla; Slovene: vila) is a Slavic fairy similar to a nymph.

The vila is mostly known among South Slavs; however, some variants are present in the mythology of West Slavs as well. Among Czechs, víla denotes a woodland spirit (15th century), and ancient place names such as Vilice near Tábor, Vilov near Domažlice, and Vilín near Sedlčany seem to indicate that she was known there as well. In the Chronicle of Dalimil (3, 53), vila is "fool" (as in Old Polish). In Russia, vile are mentioned in the 11th century, but there is doubt that they were truly a part of Russian folklore and not just a literary tradition. There are common traits between the vile and the rusalki, and Schneeweis holds that they are identical.
Kisan Kathore
Kisan Shankar Kathore (born 19 September 1955) is politician from Ambernath, Thane, in Maharashtra state of India. He was Sarpanch of Sagaon Group Gram Panchayat (Tal-Ambernath) between 1978 and 1992. He also worked as President of Thane Zilla Parishad from 2002 to 2004. He moved from Nationalist Congress Party to Bharatiya Janata Party in October 2014.

He contested 2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election from Ambernath as NCP candidate. He defeated Shiv Sena strong leader & former Labour Minister Sabir Shaikh. After the Delimitation of Assembly Constituency of 2008, his Ambernath constituency became reserved for SC. Therefore he contested 2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election from Murbad seat and defeated NCP rebel & four-term MLA Gotiram Pawar. In the 2014 assembly election, he switched to BJP & won again for a third term from Murbad.

Sabir Shaikh
Sabir Shaikh (15 March 1943 - 15 October 2014) was an Indian politician. He was a leader of Shiv Sena and a Former cabinet minister in the Government of Maharashtra. He was elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in 1999 from Ambernath constituency. He held Labour and Employment  portfolio.  He was Muslim face of Shiv Sena and close aide of Balasaheb Thackeray. Shaikh died on 15 October 2014, after a prolonged illness.
Channel A (TV channel)
Channel A Corporation (Korean: 주식회사 채널에이; Hanja: 株式會社 채널에이), known as Channel A (채널A, typeset CHANNEL A), is a national generalist cable TV network and broadcasting company in South Korea. The company's largest shareholder is Dong-A Media Group (DAMG), which consists of 12 affiliate companies including The Dong-a Ilbo. Channel A was launched on 1 December 2011. Channel A's management philosophy is 'Open & Creative' and the company slogan is 'Channel A, A Canvas that Holds Your Dreams.' JaeHo Kim is the chief executive officer.

Channel A is one of four newly launched South Korea nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside JoongAng Ilbo's JTBC, Chosun Ilbo's TV Chosun and Maeil Kyungje's MBN in 2011. The four new networks supplement existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS, MBC, SBS, and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990.

Maeil Business Newspaper
The Maeil Business Newspaper (Korean: 매일경제신문), also simply known as Maekyung (derived from the pronunciation of the Korean name) or MK, is a comprehensive daily newspaper published in South Korea, first issued on March 24, 1966. The president of the publishing company is Chang Dae-whan.

Initially, it started as a weekly economic newspaper and was published under the name "Maeil Economic Week". After that, in 1970, it was converted to the Daily Economic Newspaper and changed its name to "Maeil Business Newspaper".
Hôtel de Lauzun
The Hôtel de Lauzun (French pronunciation: [otɛl də lozœ̃]) is a 17th-century hôtel particulier, or private mansion, located on the Quai d'Anjou of the île Saint-Louis in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is among the few Parisian hôtels that retain their rich carved, painted, mirrored and gilded interiors from the time of Louis XIV.

Antonin Nompar de Caumont, 1st Duke of Lauzun
Antonin Nompar de Caumont, 1st Duke of Lauzun (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃tɔnɛ̃ nɔ̃paʁ də komɔ̃ dyk də lozœ̃], 1632 – 19 November 1723) was a French courtier and soldier. He was the only love interest of the "greatest heiress in Europe", Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, cousin of Louis XIV.

He is often noted for his command of a French expeditionary Brigade which served alongside the Jacobite Irish Army during the Williamite War. After defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 his brigade retreated to Galway where it was evacuated to France. Nonetheless, he remained an influential figure at the Jacobite court in exile, particularly with Mary of Modena.
Robert Burns's diamond point engravings
Robert Burns came to know James Cunninghamme, Earl of Glencairn in Edinburgh in 1786 through a 'Letter of Introduction' provided by Dalrymple of Orangefield who was married to Lady Glencairn's sister. The Earl received the poet warmly in his house and introduced him to his friends. One of several gifts from the earl to the poet was a diamond point pen, stylus, or cutter which he used to write upon many windowpanes and glasses, scribing verse, his signature, epigrams, or other writings for posterity. Many of these diamond-point engravings survive, some however are contentious as regards either their authenticity, meaning, or both.

James Cunningham, 14th Earl of Glencairn
James Cunningham, 14th Earl of Glencairn (1 June 1749 – 30 January 1791) was a Scottish nobleman, soldier and patron of Robert Burns.

Finlaystone House and estate in Inverclyde was the seat of the Earl of Glencairn and chief of clan Cunningham from 1405 to 1796.
Varshita!
Varshita is a spinoff of the hit show Auntie Boss. The comedy show premiered in 2017 on DStv. It charts the toxic relationship of onscreen couple Donovan and Varshita and how their families struggle to coexist peacefully.

Varshita stars Eve D'souza and Maqbul Mohammed as a young couple from completely different cultures and backgrounds. The show also stars Sanaipei Tande, Dennis Musyoka, Mukami Njiru and Douglas Muigai.

Auntie Boss!
Auntie Boss! is a Kenyan comedy-drama television series. It delves into the lives of  domestic house helps in the fictional Taifa Estate (Loresho Ridge Estate) and their everyday drama as it revolves around families they work for and activities within the neighbourhood. It reflects the normal Kenyan culture about relationships the house helps have with their bosses. The story also features a lifestyle of the upper middle class in Kenyan society.