hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Southwell (lawyer)
Sir Robert Southwell (c. 1506 in Windham Manor, Norfolk – 1559 in Mereworth) was an English civil servant during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. He was elected Member of Parliament from Kent in October 1553 and in 1555. In January–February 1554 Southwell, then the High Sheriff of Kent, was one of the key loyalist officers engaged against the Wyatt's rebellion. According to D. M. Loades, "Sir Robert Southwell and Lord Abergavenny were almost the only significant gentlemen in the country whose loyalty was never in doubt. So resolute was Southwell's opposition to Wyatt that it is tempting to regard them as personal enemies, but .. there is no evidence for this."

James Anthony Froude
James Anthony Froude FRSE (/fruːd/ FROOD; 23 April 1818 – 20 October 1894) was an English historian, novelist, biographer, and editor of Fraser's Magazine. From his upbringing amidst the Anglo-Catholic Oxford Movement, Froude intended to become a clergyman, but doubts about the doctrines of the Anglican church, published in his scandalous 1849 novel The Nemesis of Faith, drove him to abandon his religious career. Froude turned to writing history, becoming one of the best-known historians of his time for his History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada.

Inspired by Thomas Carlyle, Froude's historical writings were often fiercely polemical, earning him a number of outspoken opponents. Froude continued to be controversial until his death for his  Life of Carlyle, which he published along with personal writings of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle. These publications led to persistent gossip and discussion of the couple's marital problems.
Islamic Azad University, Khomeyni Shahr Branch
32°42′58″N 51°28′55″E﻿ / ﻿32.716°N 51.482°E﻿ / 32.716; 51.482

The Islamic Azad University, Khomeyni Shahr Branch (Also written Khomeynishahr, Khomeyni-Shahr, Khomeini-Shahr) (IAUKHSH) is a branch of the Islamic Azad University and is located in Khomeyni Shahr, the north western zone of Isfahan, the cultural capital of Iran. It was established 17 May 1988. The university serves more than 9000 students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It has 530 full and part-time faculty members carrying out education and research in different fields. Due to its geographical location which borders Isfahan University of Technology, it has made an opportunity for the students to study in different areas. The admission to university is based on entrance examination and the admission rate was 10% in 2018.

Isfahan University of Technology
The Isfahan University of Technology (IUT) is a leading public university located in Isfahan, Iran. 
The university comprises 14 faculties and departments, serving approximately 11,000 students and employing 600 academic staff members. IUT offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs across four main disciplines: engineering, basic sciences, agriculture, and natural resources. Notably, IUT was the first Iranian university to gain membership in CERN.
It was established in 1974 with the help of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Before establishment, 60 top Iranian students received royal scholarships to pursue their PhD in the top 10 U.S. universities as part of preparation of faculty workforce.
John Lefelhocz
John Lefelhocz ("lěf-ä-hōlts"; born 1967 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American conceptual artist primarily known for his works in the textile arts, specifically art quilts. He attended Ohio University (in Athens, Ohio). Since college, he has owned and operated Cycle Path Bicycle Shop in Athens, at the same time establishing himself as an artist. His art gained higher recognition in the late 1990s. This can be attributed to inclusion in several Quilt Nationals. He has subsequently shown his works throughout the US and abroad.

Quilt trail
A quilt trail is a series of barn quilts (painted wood or metal hung or freestanding quilt squares) installed along a route emphasizing significant architecture and/or aesthetic landscapes. Currently North America has 46 quilt trails: 43 in the United States and three in Canada.
Nancy-Université
Nancy-Université was a French federal university which federated the three principal institutes of higher education in Nancy, Lorraine before their merger into the University of Lorraine:

Henri Poincaré University (UHP, also known as Nancy 1): natural sciences, wrapping several faculties and engineering schools;
École Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ingénieur de Nancy: general engineering
Telecom Nancy: Computer science and engineering

Nancy 2 University: social sciences

Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine (Lorraine INP): It federates 11 engineering schools.

With over 50,000 students, Nancy had the fifth largest student population in France.

Telecom Nancy
The TELECOM Nancy (formerly École supérieure d'informatique et applications de Lorraine [ekɔl sypeʁjœʁ dɛ̃fɔʁmatik e aplikasjɔ̃ də lɔʁɛn] or ÉSIAL) is a grande école of engineering created in 1990. It is associated with the University of Lorraine. TELECOM Nancy is a school associated with the Institut Mines-Télécom. It is the only school of generalised engineering studies in IT and digital sciences and technologies accredited by the Commission des Titres de l’Ingénieur (CTI - Engineer Qualification Committee) in the Greater East of France.

It was created in 1990 and is based in Nancy, France.

The standard curriculum is a three-year program (after two years of preparation) resulting in the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur, which is equivalent to a Master's degree of the European Higher Education Area.
Wang Zhixin
Wang Zhixin (Chinese: 王治馨; (August 17, 1868 – October 23, 1914) was a Chinese politician of the Republic of China era. He was born in Yantai, Shandong. He was an associate of Zhao Bingjun during the later years of the Qing Dynasty. A member of the Beiyang government, he served as the 3rd mayor of Beijing (October 16, 1913 – March 23, 1914). On June 27, 1914, on the orders of Yuan Shikai, Wang was arrested and imprisoned for his involvement in the assassination of Song Jiaoren. Wang's downfall was related to his association with Zhao, who had mysteriously died during his tenure as mayor. On Yuan's orders, Wang was executed.

Zhao Bingjun
Zhao Bingjun (Chinese: 赵秉钧; pinyin: Zhào Bǐngjūn) (3 February 1859 – February 1914) was the third premier of China from 25 September 1912 to 1 May 1913. Zhao was previously a public security official during the Qing dynasty and became minister of the interior during the republic before becoming premier. He was directly implicated in the assassination of Song Jiaoren, the man most likely to be his successor. The murder was most likely ordered by the provisional president, Yuan Shikai, who was angry that Song wanted to fill the cabinet with Nationalists that would obstruct Yuan's policies. Zhao protested his and Yuan's innocence but resigned to protect Yuan's government. He was made governor of Zhili. Zhao was mysteriously poisoned in 1914, most likely by Yuan to prevent him from leaking more details of Song's death to the press.
Sulpiride
Sulpiride, sold under the brand name Dogmatil among others, is an atypical antipsychotic (although some texts have referred to it as a typical antipsychotic) medication of the benzamide class which is used mainly in the treatment of psychosis associated with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and is sometimes used in low dosage to treat anxiety and dysthymia.

The drug is chemically and clinically similar to amisulpride. Levosulpiride is its purified levo-isomer and is sold in some countries for similar purposes.

Sulpiride is commonly used in Asia, Central America, Europe, South Africa and South America. It is not approved in the United States, Canada, or Australia.

Benzamide
Benzamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C7H7NO. It is the simplest amide derivative of benzoic acid. In powdered form, it appears as a white solid, while in crystalline form, it appears as colourless crystals. It is slightly soluble in water, and soluble in many organic solvents. It is a natural alkaloid found in the herbs of Berberis pruinosa.
Early world maps
The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period. The developments of Greek geography during this time, notably by Eratosthenes and Posidonius culminated in the Roman era, with Ptolemy's world map (2nd century CE), which would remain authoritative throughout the Middle Ages. Since Ptolemy, knowledge of the approximate size of the Earth allowed cartographers to estimate the extent of their geographical knowledge, and to indicate parts of the planet known to exist but not yet explored as terra incognita.

With the Age of Discovery, during the 15th to 18th centuries, world maps became increasingly accurate; exploration of Antarctica, Australia, and the interior of Africa by western mapmakers was left to the 19th and early 20th century.

Fortunate Isles
The Fortunate Isles or Isles of the Blessed (Ancient Greek: μακάρων νῆσοι, makarōn nēsoi) were semi-legendary islands in the Atlantic Ocean, variously treated as a simple geographical location and as a winterless earthly paradise inhabited by the heroes of Greek mythology. In the time of Hesiod, the Fortunate Isles were associated with the concept of Elysium, a utopian location in the Greek underworld thought to be found in the Western ocean on the edge of the known world. The number of the islands would later be reduced to one by the poet Pindar.
Fukagawa Matsuri
Fukagawa Matsuri (深川祭, Fukagawa Matsuri; formerly 深川八幡祭 Fukagawa Hachiman Matsuri) or the Fukagawa Festival, is one of the three great Shinto festivals of Tokyo, along with the Kanda Matsuri and Sannō Matsuri.

The Fukagawa Matsuri is held annually in mid-August by the Tomioka Hachiman Shrine in Koto, Tokyo. Tomioka Hachimangu, also known as Tomioka Yawata shrine, is Fukagawa's greatest shinto shrine, and was established in 1627. The festival, is believed to date back to 1642, and is one of the three greatest festivals of Edo, together with Sanno Matsuri of Kojimachi Hie Shrine and Kanda Matsuri of Kanda Shrine.

Kanda Shrine
Kanda Shrine (神田明神, Kanda-myōjin; officially 神田神社 Kanda-jinja)  is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The shrine dates back 1,270 years, but the current structure was rebuilt several times due to fire and earthquakes. It is situated in one of the most expensive estate areas of Tokyo. Kanda Shrine was an important shrine to both the warrior class and citizens of Japan, especially during the Edo period, when shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu paid his respects at Kanda Shrine. Due in part to the proximity of the Kanda Shrine to Akihabara, the shrine has become a mecca for technophiles who frequent Akihabara.
Alice Beach Winter
Alice Beach Winter (March 22, 1877 – 1968) was an early 1900s socialist and suffragist artist. She specialized in portraits of children, but also created post-impressionistic landscapes of the Northeastern United States. Beside her own exhibitions, she gained popularity through her works published in various socialist and suffrage periodicals.

Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts,  United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.
James Bethea
James A. Bethea Jr. (born January 14, 1965) is an American writer, producer and occasional performer, primarily in the field of television. As the former Head of Current Programming for UPN, he is among a handful of African Americans to head a programming department at a broadcast network.  Series overseen by him at UPN include Star Trek: Voyager, Dilbert, Clueless, and Moesha. As an actor, his work has included 2008's Iron Man and the 2010 sequel, Iron Man 2.

Bronx High School of Science
The Bronx High School of Science is a public specialized high school in the Bronx in New York City. It is operated by the New York City Department of Education. Admission to Bronx Science involves passing the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test.

Founded in 1938 in the Bronx, Bronx Science is located in what is now Kingsbridge Heights, also known as Jerome Park, a neighborhood in the northwest portion of the Bronx. Although originally known for its focus on mathematics and science, Bronx Science also emphasizes the humanities and social sciences.

The Bronx High School of Science is often called Bronx Science, Bronx Sci, BX Sci, and sometimes just Science. It was formerly called Science High, and its founder, Morris Meister, is said to have frequently called the school "The High School of Science".
MS Parma
MS Parma is a Finnish orienteering club from the outskirts of Turku (Lieto and Mynämäki). It was formed in 2004 when the orienteers from Liedon Parma and Mynämäen Suunnistajat-54 started to compete for the joint club.

In 2018 its team became third in the Venla relay with Anastasia Rudnaya, Tiia Isolahti, Tuulia Viberg and Maija Sianoja.
MS Parma won the Halikko relay in Salo in 2019 with Arto Talvinen in the last leg. In 2019 its team was leading after four legs in Tiomila. The club won the youth relay in Tiomila in 2014.

Mynämäki
Mynämäki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈmynæˌmæki]; Swedish: Virmo) is a municipality of Finland located in the Southwest Finland region. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Eura, Laitila, Masku, Nousiainen, Pöytyä, Rusko, Taivassalo, Turku and Vehmaa.

The municipality has a population of 7,464 (31 March 2025) and covers an area of 536.08 square kilometres (206.98 sq mi) of which 16.37 km2 (6.32 sq mi) is water. The population density is 14.36 inhabitants per square kilometre (37.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipality of Karjala was consolidated with Mynämäki in 1977. The municipality of Mietoinen was consolidated with Mynämäki in 2007.

In the 1980s, the local traditional dishes of Mynämäki were waffle called poffe, and cheese called laurinjuusto made from cow's or goat's milk, which is dried until it can be cut with scissors, for example into soured milk gruel. It can also be smoked using a marsh Labrador tea.
Alan Smithson
Christianity portal

Alan Smithson (1 December 1936 – 17 June 2010) was Bishop of Jarrow from 1990 to 2001.

He was educated at Bradford Grammar School and Queen's College, Oxford (he gained an Oxford Master of Arts and a Diploma in Theology before embarking on an ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Christ Church, Skipton after which he was Chaplain at his old college. Following this he was Vicar of Bracknell and later a Canon Residentiary at Carlisle Cathedral before being appointed to the episcopate. In retirement he served the Diocese of Edinburgh as an assistant bishop. He was also National Chaplain to the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade from 1992 to 2006 where he was much loved.

He died in Edinburgh and is buried in the churchyard of St Mark's in Portobello, just to the rear of the church.

Bishop of Jarrow
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Jarrow is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Durham, in the Province of York, England. The title takes its name after the former Anglo Saxon monastery in the town of Jarrow in Tyne and Wear.
Billy Zeoli
Billy Zeoli (September 25, 1932 – May 22, 2015) was an American evangelical leader, speaker and media executive from Grand Rapids, Michigan. Zeoli served as the White house chaplain to U.S. President Gerald R. Ford and Betty Ford during the mid-1970s offering counsel on national spiritual matters, and acting as spiritual counselor to President Ford. In the 1960s, Zeoli was an early organizer of what would become Baseball Chapel, a Christian organization that provides professional Baseball players, and other athletes, Sunday church services in their locker rooms before sporting events. Zeoli was perhaps most remembered as the long-standing president of Gospel Films Inc, later becoming Gospel Communications Inc, a leading Christian media company that distributed media and promoted ministry outreach around the world. Zeoli held the position from 1962 until he retired from the organization in 2006.

Richard DeVos
Richard Marvin DeVos Sr. (March 4, 1926 – September 6, 2018) was an American billionaire businessman, co-founder of Amway with Jay Van Andel (company restructured as Alticor in 2000), and owner of the Orlando Magic basketball team. In 2012, Forbes magazine listed him as the 60th wealthiest person in the United States, and the 205th richest in the world, with an estimated net worth of $5.1 billion.
Ramphos Trident
The Ramphos Trident is an Italian amphibious ultralight trike, designed and produced by Ramphos of Fontanafredda. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Ultralight trike
An ultralight trike or paratrike is a type of powered hang glider where flight control is by weight-shift. These aircraft have a fabric flex-wing from which is suspended a tricycle fuselage pod driven by a pusher propeller. The pod accommodates either a solo pilot, or a pilot and a single passenger. Trikes grant affordable, accessible, and exciting flying, and have been popular since the 1980s.

Trikes are classified as microlights in Europe, and as light-sport aircraft in the United States.  The aircraft are also known by other names, including 2-axis microlights, flex-wing trikes,  microlight trikes, deltatrikes or motorized deltaplanes.  In the United States, they are formally recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as weight-shift-control aircraft.
Pseudomertensia
Pseudomertensia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. They are perennial herbs with blue or bluish purple flowers. Their natural range is from Iran to the Himalayas. None have been found in China or Russia. P. echioides, and the type species for the genus, P. elongata, are occasionally cultivated as ornamentals.

Most sources list about 12 species, but some include as many as 14. Pseudomertensia was once thought to be closely related to Mertensia, but molecular phylogenetic studies have placed it close to Myosotis.

Myosotis
Myosotis (/ˌmaɪəˈsoʊtɪs/ MY-ə-SOH-tiss) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae.  In the Northern Hemisphere, they are colloquially known as forget-me-nots or scorpion grasses. The forget-me-not is the official flower of Alaska and Dalsland, Sweden.

The name comes from the Ancient Greek μυοσωτίς "mouse's ear", which the foliage is thought to resemble. Plants of the genus are not to be confused with the related genus Myosotidium and its sole species Myosotidium hortensia found in the  Chatham Islands.
Margarita Xirgu Multidisciplinary School of Dramatic Art
The Escuela Multidisciplinaria de Arte Dramático Margarita Xirgu (EMAD) (Spanish for 'Margarita Xirgu Multidisciplinary School of Dramatic Arts') is a public drama school in Montevideo, Uruguay. The institute offers a degree in acting and theater design, as well as a teaching degree in theater and body expression, and a technical degree in dramaturgy.

Founded in 1949, it is the first drama school in the country and the only public. In 2010, it was named in honor of the Spanish actress Margarita Xirgu who developed part of her career in Uruguay. For its first 50 years, the school operated in the east wing of the Solís Theatre and after operating in different locations, in 2024 it was established in the Centro neighborhood.

Drama school
Drama school, acting school, and theatre school is an undergraduate and/or graduate school or department at a college or university, or a free-standing institution (such as the drama section at the Juilliard School) that specializes in the pre-professional training in drama and "theatre" arts, such as acting, design and technical theatre, arts administration, and related subjects. If the drama school is part of a degree-granting institution, undergraduates typically take an associate degree, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts, or, occasionally, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Design. Graduate students may take a Master of Arts, Master of Acting, Master of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Doctor of Arts, Doctor of Fine Arts, or Doctor of Philosophy degree.
Korea Rugby Union
The Korea Rugby Union (KRU) is the governing body for rugby union in South Korea. It was founded in 1946, and become a member of World Rugby (known as International Rugby Football Board at the time) in November 1988. The KRU was the fifth Asian rugby union to be founded, after Ceylon (Sri Lanka; 1908), Malaya (Malaysia; 1921), Japan (1926) and Thailand (1937).

Thai Rugby Union
The Thailand Rugby Union (TRU) is the governing body of rugby union in Thailand, recognised by the International Rugby Board. It has its headquarters in Bangkok, and was founded in 1937, affiliating to the International Rugby Board in 1989.
Garbage in, garbage out
In computer science, garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) is the concept that flawed, biased or poor quality ("garbage") information or input produces a result or output of similar ("garbage") quality. The saying points to the need to improve data quality in, for example, programming. Rubbish in, rubbish out (RIRO) is an alternate wording.

The principle applies to all logical argumentation: soundness implies validity, but validity does not imply soundness. In essence, the logic or algorithm may be correct, but using flawed inputs (premises) is still an informal fallacy.

Soundness
In logic, soundness can refer to either a property of arguments or a property of formal deductive systems.

An argument  is sound if (and only if) it is both valid in form and has no false premises.

A formal system is sound if (and only if) every well-formed formula that can be proven in the system is logically valid with respect to the logical semantics of the system.

These two properties are different but closely related. The former is more relevant for introductory deductive reasoning contexts and the latter arises in metalogic and mathematical logic.
Jeti-Ögüz resort
Jeti-Ögüz (Kyrgyz: Жети-Өгүз, romanized: Jeti-Ögüz, lit. 'seven bulls') is a balneotherapic resort located at the Jeti-Ögüz Rocks near Issyk Kul in the Jeti-Ögüz District of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan, about 28 km west of Karakol, and near Jeti-Ögüz village. Its population was 337 in 2021.

Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kazakhstan to the north, Chüy Region to the west, Naryn Region to the southwest, and Xinjiang, China to the southeast. It takes its name from Lake Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high altitude lake. Its total area is 43,735 km2 (16,886 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 501,933 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Russian (8.0% in 2009) minority.