hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lillian Faderman
Lillian Faderman (born July 18, 1940) is an American historian whose books on lesbian history and LGBT history have earned critical praise and awards. The New York Times named three of her books on its "Notable Books of the Year" list. In addition, The Guardian named her book, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers, one of the Top 10 Books of Radical History. She was a professor of English at California State University, Fresno (Fresno State), which bestowed her emeritus status, and a visiting professor at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She retired from academe in 2007. Faderman has been referred to as "the mother of lesbian history" for her groundbreaking research and writings on lesbian culture, literature, and history.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
PCLake
PCLake is a dynamic, mathematical model used to study eutrophication effects in shallow lakes and ponds. PCLake models explicitly the most important biotic groups and their interrelations, within the general framework of nutrient cycles. PCLake is used both by scientist and water managers. PCLake is in 2019 extended to PCLake+, which can be applied to stratifying lakes.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Garo: Kami no Kiba
Garo: Kami no Kiba (牙狼〈GARO〉-神ノ牙-, Garo Kami no Kiba; lit. "Garo: Fang of God") is a 2017 dark fantasy superhero tokusatsu theatrical film produced by Tohokushinsha Film and Omnibus Japan. Featuring the main characters from Garo: Gold Storm Sho and Garo: Yami o Terasu Mono and overall the eighth feature film in the Garo franchise. It stars Wataru Kuriyama, Junya Ikeda, Tsunenori Aoki and Masahiro Inoue, with Keita Amemiya directing and writing the film's script. It was first screened on October 31, 2017 at the 30th Tokyo International Film Festival and was released in Japanese theaters on January 6, 2018.

Garo: Gold Storm Sho
Garo: Gold Storm Sho (牙狼〈GARO〉－GOLD STORM－ 翔, Garo Gōrudo Sutōmu Shō; lit. "Garo: Gold Storm Flight") is both a superhero film and the fifth television series in the Garo metaseries that serve as sequels to Garo: Yami o Terasu Mono. Wataru Kuriyama and Miki Nanri reprise their roles and are joined by new cast members which include Masahiro Inoue as the antagonist Jinga. The film prequel was released in theatres on March 28, 2015, while the television series began broadcast on April 3, 2015.
Widgeon (pilot boat)
The Widgeon was a 19th-century yacht and Sandy Hook pilot boat, built in 1855 by James R. & George Steers for Daniel Edgar of the New York Yacht Club and designed by George Steers. She came in 17th in an unsuccessful America's Cup defense in 1870. Widgeon was sold in 1871 to a group of New York pilots to replace the John D. Jones, which sank in a collision with the steamer City of Washington. New York pilots condemned the Widgeon as unseaworthy in 1879, which sparked a fight for steam pilot-boat service. In 1883 a decision was affirmed by the Supreme Court and the Board of Commissioners of Pilots that pilot boats could be "propelled" by steam.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Agrocybe farinacea
Agrocybe farinacea is a species of mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. It has been reported to contain the hallucinogen psilocybin, however there has been no recent chemical analysis carried out on this mushroom, nor any modern reports of psychoactivity.

Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith.
Holzgerlingen figure
The Holzgerlingen figure is a two-faced anthropomorphic statue of the early to middle La Tène culture. The statue depicts a human figure from the belt up, each side carved with a mirror image of the other, wearing a horn-like headdress which is probably an example of the Celtic leaf-crown motif.

The statue is thought to be a Celtic cult object, perhaps representing a god, though it is less often identified as a funerary monument. Over 2 metres tall, the Holzgerlingen figure is the largest known Iron Age statue. It is in the collection of the Landesmuseum Württemberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Landesmuseum Württemberg
The Landesmuseum Württemberg (Württemberg State Museum) is the main historical museum of the Württemberg part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It emerged from the 16th-century “Kunstkammer” (Cabinet of art and curiosities) of the dukes, later kings, of Württemberg who resided in Stuttgart. As a museum it was founded in 1862 by King William I.
2010 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
The 2010 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo, part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2010 WTA Tour. It took place in Palermo, Italy, from 12 July until 18 July 2010. Fifth-seeded Kaia Kanepi won the singles title.

Palermo Ladies Open
The Palermo Ladies Open, is a women's tennis tournament in Palermo, Italy that is played on outdoor clay courts at the Country Time Club. Since 2025, in its 36th edition, it became a WTA 125 event.

The first two editions were part of the Satellite Circuit, but since 1990 it has been part of the WTA Tour. In the past it has also been known as the "Palermo International" and the "Internazionali Femminili di Palermo." The tournament was categorized as either a WTA Tier IV or Tier V event from 1990 to 2008 and became an International Tournament in 2009. In 2014, the license for the event was sold to Kuala Lumpur's Malaysian Open for six years (contract for three years with an option for additional three). The tournament returned to Palermo in 2019 as a WTA International event, replacing Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open which was moved to the autumn calendar as part of the China Open series.
HMS Whiting (1805)
HMS Whiting was a Royal Navy Ballahoo-class schooner (a type of vessel often described as a Bermuda sloop) of four 12-pounder carronades and a crew of 20. The prime contractor for the vessel was Goodrich & Co., in Bermuda, and she was launched in 1805. She was a participant at the Battle of Basque Roads. A French privateer captured her at the beginning of the War of 1812, shortly after the Americans had captured and released her in the first naval incident of the war.

Bermuda sloop
The Bermuda sloop is a historical type of fore-and-aft rigged single-masted sailing vessel developed on the islands of Bermuda in the 17th century. Such vessels originally had gaff rigs with quadrilateral sails, but evolved to use the Bermuda rig with triangular sails. Although the Bermuda sloop is often described as a development of the narrower-beamed Jamaica sloop, which dates from the 1670s, the high, raked masts and triangular sails of the Bermuda rig are rooted in a tradition of Bermudian boat design dating from the earliest decades of the 17th century. It is distinguished from other vessels with the triangular Bermuda rig, which may have multiple masts or may not have evolved in hull form from the traditional designs.
Karzê Township, Lhünzhub County
Kazi Township (simplified Chinese: 卡孜乡; traditional Chinese: 卡孜鄉; pinyin: Kǎzī Xiāng; Standard Tibetan: ???) is a township of Lhünzhub County, in east-central Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, located 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) west of the county seat, and about 25 km (16 mi) north of the main urban area of Lhasa As of 2011, it has 6 villages under its administration.

Lhünzhub County
Lhünzhub County, or Linzhou County (Chinese: 林周县) is a county in Lhasa towards the north-east of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet, China.
It covers an area of 4,512 km2 (1,742 sq mi) and as of 2000 had a population of 50,895 people, almost all classified as rural. The southern portion, the Pengbo River Valley, contains fertile arable land, while the colder and more mountainous northern portion primarily supports grazing. The county has many monasteries, including the Reting Monastery.

The county was established as Lhünzhub Dzong in 1857. In 1959, it merged with Pundo Dzong (Chinese: 旁多两宗) to form the modern Lhünzhub County.
Železne Dveri
Železne Dveri (pronounced [ʒɛˈleːznɛ ˈdʋɛːɾi] or [ʒɛˈleːznɛ ˈdʋeːɾi], German: Eisenthür) is a settlement in the hills south of Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.

Ljutomer
Ljutomer (pronounced [ˈljúːtɔmɛɾ] ⓘ; German: Luttenberg) is a town in northeastern Slovenia, 40 km (25 mi) east of Maribor. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ljutomer. Traditionally it was part of the region of Styria. It is now included in the Mura Statistical Region. The economy of Ljutomer is largely based on grape farming and wine making.
Mount Golub
Mount Golub is a prominent 4,194 ft (1,280 m) mountain summit located in the Chilkat Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. This peak is situated 29 miles (47 km) northwest of Juneau, and 2 mi (3 km) west of Lynn Canal, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since Mount Golub rises above tidewater in less than two miles. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1972 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to commemorate Harvey Golub (1930–1971), member of the 1968 first ascent party. Other members of the party were Richard Folta, Delbert Carnes, and Keith Hart. Hart submitted the name for consideration following the September 4, 1971, untimely death of Harvey Golub who perished in the Alaska Airlines Flight 1866 disaster. That flight, which took all 111 lives aboard, crashed in a canyon approximately seven miles south of his namesake mountain.

Tongass National Forest
The Tongass National Forest (/ˈtɒŋɡəs/) in Southeast Alaska is the largest U.S. National Forest at 16.7 million acres (26,100 sq mi; 6,800,000 ha; 68,000 km2), an expanse larger than 10 U.S. states and 75 U.N. member nations. Most of its area is temperate rain forest and is remote enough to be home to many species of endangered and rare flora and fauna. The Tongass, which is managed by the United States Forest Service, encompasses islands of the Alexander Archipelago, fjords and glaciers, and peaks of the Coast Mountains. An international border with Canada (British Columbia) runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains. The forest is administered from Forest Service headquarters offices in Ketchikan. There are local ranger district offices located in Craig, Hoonah, Juneau, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Sitka, Thorne Bay, Wrangell, and Yakutat.
2011–12 Real Sociedad season
The 2011–12 season was Real Sociedad's 66th season in La Liga. After managing to stay up in the previous season the Basque club sacked Martín Lasarte and appointed Philippe Montanier as a new coach.

This article shows player statistics and all matches (official and friendly) that the club played during the 2011–12 season.

Philippe Montanier
Philippe Jacques William Montanier (born 15 November 1964) is a French professional football manager and former player who was most recently the head coach of  Ligue 1 club Toulouse. As a player, he was as a goalkeeper.

Montanier led Boulogne, Lens and Toulouse in Ligue 2, winning promotion with the first and third including as champions with the latter in 2022. In Ligue 1, he was in charge of Valenciennes, Rennes and Toulouse. He reached the Coupe de France final with Rennes in 2014 and won it with Toulouse in 2023.

Abroad, Montanier led Real Sociedad in La Liga (finishing fourth and qualifying for the UEFA Champions League in 2013), Nottingham Forest in the EFL Championship and Standard Liège in the Belgian Pro League. He was an assistant for the Ivory Coast national team and briefly managed France under-20.
1999 Adidas Open de Toulouse – Singles
The 1999 Adidas Open de Toulouse was a men's tennis tournament played on Indoor Hard in Toulouse, France that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the eighteenth edition of the tournament and was held from 27 September until 3 October 1999.

1999 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 1999 ATP Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 1999 calendar are the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup, which do not distribute ranking points, and are both organised by the ITF.

In April 1999 ATP signed a $1.2 billion 10-year-deal with the sports marketing agency ISL Worldwide to promote the sport. The deal gave ISL the commercial rights for the Super-9 tournaments as well as the ATP World Championship. The ATP also introduced a simplified ranking system and made participation in the Super-9 events mandatory for top players.
La Abadía del Crimen
La Abadía del Crimen (The Abbey of Crime) is a video game written by Paco Menéndez with graphics made by Juan Delcán and published in 1987 by Opera Soft. It was conceived as a version of Umberto Eco's 1980 book The Name of the Rose. Paco Menéndez and Opera Soft were unable to secure the rights for the name, so the game was released as La abadía del crimen. "The Abbey of the Crime" was the working title of the novel The Name of the Rose.

This game is an adventure with isometric graphics. A Franciscan friar, William of Occam (William of Baskerville in the book) and his young novice Adso have to discover the perpetrator of a series of murders in a medieval Italian abbey.

William of Baskerville
William of Baskerville (Italian: Guglielmo da Baskerville, pronounced [ɡuʎˈʎɛlmo dа ˈbaskervil]) is a fictional Franciscan friar from the 1980 historical mystery novel The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa) by Umberto Eco.
Hinduism in Malta
Hinduism is the third largest religion in Malta after Christianity and Islam. However, it's not recognized as a formal religion. As of the 2021 census, there are 6,411 Hindus in Malta that constituted 1.42% of its population.

In 2021, Charles J. Muscat wrote Ekam Sat: Il-Verità Waħda: Esperjenza tal-Veda Dharma Ġabra ta' testi ewlenin u riflessjonijiet prattići, an anthology of South Asian religious texts in Maltese including the Vedas and Upanishads.

Religion in Malta
Catholic Christianity is the predominant religion in Malta. The Constitution of Malta establishes Catholicism as the state religion, and it is also reflected in various elements of Maltese culture.

According to a 2018 survey, the overwhelming majority of the Maltese population adheres to Christianity (95.2%) with Catholicism as the main denomination (93.9%). According to a Eurobarometer survey conducted in 2019, 83% of the population identified as Catholic. Similarly, the 2021 census of the population found that 82.6% belonged to the Catholic church.

Malta's patron saints are St Paul, St Publius and St Agatha. The Assumption of Mary known as Santa Marija is the special patron of several towns in Malta and she is celebrated each 15 August.

Combined survey figures suggest that around half the population are not practising Catholics, or adhere to a different religion, or to none.
Paliediškiai
Paliediškiai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 14 people. It is located between Pernarava and Pelutava, by the Liedas river.

Liedas
The Liedas (or Leda) is a river of  Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 17.7 kilometres and has a basin area of 31.5 km².

It starts nearby Pelutava village and later flows through the Pernarava-Šaravai Forest. It meets the Šušvė from the right side near Juodkaimiai village.

The hydronym Liedas possibly derives from Lithuanian verbs liedyti, lieti ('to water').
Marie Weaver
Marie Weaver is an American artist who specializes in ceramic sculpture, printmaking, book arts, and graphic design. Weaver earned a B.A. from the University of Vermont and a Master of Fine Arts degree from Syracuse University.
Weaver lives and works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Weaver's career began as an apprentice to Vermont printmaker Sabra Field and evolved into graphic design. From 1990 through 2002 she was head of the graphic design program in the Department of Art and Art History at The University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2003, Weaver returned full-time to the practice of fine art. She is married to Stephen Harvey, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania.

University of Alabama at Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1969 and part of the University of Alabama System, UAB has grown to be the state's largest employer, with more than 27,302 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees. In the fall of 2024, UAB enrolled 20,905 students from more than 110 countries. The UAB Health System, one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States, is affiliated with UAB.

The UAB athletic teams known as the Blazers compete in 18 varsity-level sports in the NCAA Division I - American Athletic Conference. Its official varsity colors are green and gold. The Blazers have won 11 conference championships to date.
Tuplet
In music, a tuplet (also irrational rhythm or groupings, artificial division or groupings, abnormal divisions, irregular rhythm, gruppetto, extra-metric groupings, or, rarely, contrametric rhythm) is "any rhythm that involves dividing the beat into a different number of equal subdivisions from that usually permitted by the time-signature (e.g., triplets, duplets, etc.)" This is indicated by a number, or sometimes two indicating the fraction involved. The notes involved are also often grouped with a bracket or (in older notation) a slur.

The most common type of tuplet is the triplet.

Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)
Fosamprenavir
Fosamprenavir (FPV), sold under the brand names Lexiva and Telzir, is a medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It is a prodrug of the protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir. It is marketed by ViiV Healthcare as the calcium salt.

Fosamprenavir was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2003, and in the European Union in July 2004. The human body metabolizes fosamprenavir in order to form amprenavir, which is the active ingredient.

A head-to-head study with lopinavir showed the two drugs to have comparable potency, but patients on fosamprenavir tended to have a higher serum cholesterol.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Clatterbridge
Clatterbridge is a hamlet on the Wirral Peninsula, in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is to the south-west of Bebington and close to the M53 motorway. Clatterbridge is also the name of a local government ward, which includes Brimstage, Raby, Raby Mere, Thornton Hough, Storeton, Spital and the western fringes of Bromborough and Eastham.

At the 2001 census, the total population of the ward was 16,906, falling to 14,411 at the 2011 census. The hamlet of Clatterbridge only had a recorded resident population of 30 in 2001.

Brimstage
Brimstage (locally /ˈbrɪmstɪdʒ/) is a village and former civil parish in the Wirral district, in the county of Merseyside, England. It is in the centremost part of the Wirral Peninsula, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Heswall and 3 miles (4.8 km) south west of Bebington. Administratively, it is within the Clatterbridge Ward and is in the parliamentary constituency of Wirral South.

At the time of the 2001 census, Brimstage had a population of 100.