hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Aiken
Francis Thomas Aiken (13 February 1898 – 18 May 1983) was an Irish revolutionary and politician. He was chief of staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA at the end of the Irish Civil War. Aiken later served as Tánaiste from 1965 to 1969 and Minister for External Affairs from 1951 to 1954 and 1957 to 1969. He was also Minister for Finance from 1945 to 1948, Minister for the Co-ordination of Defensive Measures 1939 to 1945, and Minister for Defence from 1932 to 1939.

He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Louth constituency from 1923 to 1973, making him the second longest-serving member of Dáil Éireann and the longest-serving cabinet minister. Originally a member of Sinn Féin, he was later a founding member of Fianna Fáil.

Minister for Defence (Ireland)
The Minister for Defence (Irish: An tAire Cosanta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Defence. The current Minister for Defence is Helen McEntee, TD. She is also Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

The department is responsible for the Irish Defence Forces. The Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 assigned the minister the additional title of Commander-in-Chief as the Chairman of the Council of Defence. The Defence Act 1954 removed this title, as a result of the reconstitution of the Council of Defence. The President of Ireland, a largely ceremonial role, is considered the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces. In practice, the Minister acts on the President's behalf and reports to the Irish Government. The Minister for Defence is advised by the Council of Defence on the business of the Department of Defence.

The Minister is assisted by a Minister of State at the Department of Defence, Thomas Byrne, TD.
Jeffrey Garten
Jeffrey E. Garten (born 1946) is an American economist, author, businessman, and former government official who is Dean Emeritus at the Yale School of Management, where he teaches a variety of courses on global economy. From 1996 to 2005 he was the dean of the school, and from 2005 to 2015 he was the Juan Trippe Professor in international trade, finance, and business. Before that, he was Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade in the Clinton administration from 1993 to 1995, and had a career on Wall Street as a managing director for the Blackstone Group and Lehman Brothers.

He is the author of six books on the global political economy and numerous articles in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Newsweek, Foreign Affairs, and Harvard Business Review. From 1997 to 2005 he wrote a monthly column in Business Week.

Harvard Business Publishing
Harvard Business Publishing (HBP) is a publisher founded in 1994 as a not-for-profit, independent corporation and an affiliate of Harvard Business School (distinct from Harvard University Press), with a focus on improving business management practices. The company offers articles, books, case studies, simulations, videos, learning programs, and digital tools to organizations and subscribers.

HBP consists of three market units: Education and Corporate Learning (under the Harvard Business Impact brand) and Harvard Business Review Group. Their offering consists of print and digital media (Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Review Press books, Harvard Business School and other licensed cases), events, digital learning (Harvard ManageMentor, HMM Spark), blended learning, and campus experiences.
Nissolia pringlei
Nissolia pringlei has no commonly used English name, though some may call it Pringle's nissolia and all  Nissolia species can be referred to as yellowhoods. It's a woody, climbing species, a liana, in the huge fFamily Fabaceae.

Cyrus Pringle
Cyrus Guernsey Pringle (May 6, 1838 – May 25, 1911) was an American botanist who spent a career of 35 years cataloguing the plants of North America. He was a prolific collector and accomplished botanical explorer.
The standard author abbreviation Pringle is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Flour riot of 1837
The flour riot of 1837 was a food riot that broke out in New York City in February 1837, and lasted less than a day. This violent civil disturbance grew out of a public meeting called by the Locofocos to protest runaway prices, as hungry workers plundered private storerooms filled with sacks of hoarded flour. Commodity prices had skyrocketed over the winter of 1836–37, an inflationary boom fueled by foreign investment and two successive years of wheat crop failures. The riot was also a sign of the impending financial crisis known as the Panic of 1837, that hit the American economy the following month.

Food riot
A food riot is a riot in protest of a shortage and/or unequal distribution of food. Historical causes have included rises in food prices, harvest failures, inept food storage, transport problems, food speculation, hoarding, poisoning of food, and attacks by pests.

Studies of food riots have found that they are often preceded by conditions of economic desperation, at which point members of the public may attack shops, farms, homes, or government buildings to attain staple foods such as bread, grain, or salt, as in the 1977 Egyptian bread riots. Historically, food riots are part of a larger social movement, such as the Russian Revolution or the French Revolution. Historically, women have been heavily involved in leading food riots; food riots have thus served as a form of female political action even in societies without women's suffrage or other guaranteed political rights.
2015 Kurume Best Amenity Cup
The 2015 Kurume Best Amenity Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament and part of the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan, on 11–17 May 2015.

2015 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2015 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2015 edition of the second tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Palouse
The Palouse (/pəˈluːs/ pə-LOOSS) is a geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington (part of eastern Washington), and by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about 160 miles (260 km) north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century.

The Palouse is home to two land-grant universities: the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Just eight miles (13 km) apart, both universities opened in the early 1890s.

Umatilla County, Oregon
Umatilla County (/ˌjuːməˈtɪlə/) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population of 81,826 ranks it as the 14th largest in Oregon, and largest in Eastern Oregon. Hermiston is the largest and fastest growing city in Umatilla County, but Pendleton remains the county seat.  Umatilla County is part of the Hermiston-Pendleton, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a combined population of 94,833. It is included in the eight-county definition of Eastern Oregon.

The county is named for the Umatilla River.
Flint Township, Michigan
The Charter Township of Flint, also known as Flint Township, is a charter township of Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 31,447 at the 2020 census. The City of Flint is adjacent to the township, but the two are administered autonomously.

Charter township
A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. While all townships in Michigan are organized governments, a charter township has been granted a charter, which allows it certain rights and responsibilities of home rule that are generally intermediate between those of a city (a semi-autonomous jurisdiction in Michigan) and a village. Unless it is a home-rule village, a village is subject to the authority of any township in which it is located.

Of Michigan's 1,240 townships, 143 are charter townships. A number of charter townships are among the most populous municipalities in Michigan. For example, Clinton Township and Canton Township, both in Metro Detroit, were respectively the 8th and 9th most populous municipalities in Michigan at the 2020 census. The most recent township to become a charter township is Brady Township in Kalamazoo County, which adopted charter status on January 3, 2024.
Sámi clothing
Sámi clothing is clothing used by the Sámi. The style of clothing they use varies among regions and language groups, but there are many common or similar elements. Traditional elements are often included in modern Sámi clothing to signify Sámi identity.

Elements and outfits (using the Northern Sámi language terms) include:

Beaska, a traditional Sámi fur coat, made of reindeer

Boagán, belt

Four Winds hat (šávká or čiehgahpir), a traditional Sámi headgear

Gákti, traditional Sámi clothing

Liidni, traditional Sámi shawl

Ládjogahpir, a traditional Sámi women's hat with a horn-shaped top

Luhkka, traditional Sámi  winter clothing

Nutukas, Sámi boots

Vuotta, shoe bands

Beaska
Beaska is a coat made of reindeer fur used by the Sami people. In Gällivare beaska means thicker fur and is mainly used by the richer people.  In the Northern Sami language, it could also mean newer fur as it was of young reindeer calves, which are themselves called peschki in some dialects. The Norwegian word for beaska is pesk. The Sami people also use the word muoddá (In Swedish: mudd).
Seasonal migration in Niger
Seasonal migration, locally called the Exode, plays an important part of the economic and cultural life of the West African nation of Niger. While it is a common practice in many nations, Niger sees as much as a third of its rural population travel for seasonal labour, during the Sahelian nation's long dry season. Common patterns of seasonal travel have been built up over hundreds of years, and destinations and work vary by community and ethnic group.

Migrants' African routes
Migrants' routes encompass the primary geographical routes from tropical Africa to Europe, which individuals undertake in search of residence and employment opportunities not available in their home countries. While Europe remains the predominant destination for most migrants, alternative routes also direct migrants towards South Africa, the  Middle East, and Asia. The routes are monitored by, among others, the Spanish NGO Caminando Fronteras (lit. "Walking Borders"), the European group InfoMigrants and the United Nations
Princess Wonsin
Princess Wonsin of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (Korean: 원신궁주 이씨; Hanja: 元信宮主 李氏) was the third wife of her first cousin, King Seonjong of Goryeo.

She firstly honoured as Consort Wonhui (원희궁비; 元嬉宮妃; lit. Consort of the Wonhui Palace), but after her older brother, Yi Cha-ŭi (이자의) was executed by Duke Gyerim on the charge of plotting treason to make Wonhui's son as the new king instead of Gyerim, she was implicated in this and along with her son, they were exiled to Gyeongwon-gun (now in Incheon). In 1101, a pardon was issued for those who involved in the Yi Cha-ŭi case and after Crown Prince Wang U ascended the throne, the Gyeongwon Yi clan's people can gained their position again in the court and Yi Cha-gyŏm's daughter was chosen as the new queen consort for Yejong.

Incheon Lee clan
The Incheon Lee clan (Korean: 인천 이씨; Hanja: 仁川 李氏) is a Korean clan. Historically known as the Gyeongwon Yi clan or Inju Yi clan, it was one of the most powerful clans in the early Goryeo period due to their status as in-laws of the ruling House of Wang. According to the 2015 South Korean census, there were 83,855 members of this clan.
English Cocker Spaniel
The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. It is noteworthy for producing one of the most varied numbers of pups in a litter among all dog breeds. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are "field" or "working" cockers and "house" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and is the foundation of its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel. The English Cocker is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel. English Cocker Spaniels are also known as the "Merry Spaniel" due to their constantly wagging tails.

Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. The OED states that the word cocker is derived from the fact the breed was used to flush woodcocks.

Dog show
A dog show is an animal show; it is an event where dogs are exhibited. A conformation show, also referred to as a breed show, is a kind of dog show in which a judge, familiar with a specific dog breed, evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs conform to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard.

Dog shows can be in the means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes. A conformation championship from a recognised national kennel club is generally considered as an indication of merit. Many breeders consider championships a prerequisite for breeding. Some critics argue that the shows can encourage selective breeding of traits and lower genetic diversity.

The first modern conformation dog show was held in Newcastle Town Hall in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in June 1859.
WASP-66
WASP-66, also known as TYC 7193-1804-1, is an F-type star in the constellation Antlia. It has an apparent magnitude of 11.6, which is much too faint to be seen with the unaided eye and is located at a distance of 1,630 light-years.

WASP-66 has a classification of F4, which states that it is an ordinary F-type main sequence star that is fusing hydrogen at its core. At present it has 130% the mass of the Sun and 175 the radius of the Sun. It has an effective temperature of 6,600 K, which gives it a yellowish-white hue. The star is younger than Sun at 3.7+0.7−1.2 billion years, and may be either metal-poor or similar to Sun in concentration of heavy elements. Currently it is spinning moderately with a projected rotational velocity of 13.4 km/s.

According to a survey published in 2017, WASP-66 has one suspected companion - a red dwarf star with an effective temperature of 3,330±150 K and a projected separation of 6,800±700 AU.

F-type main-sequence star
An F-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence, core-hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F. The spectral luminosity class is V. They have from around 1.1 to 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 6,000 and 7,200 K. This temperature range gives the F-type stars a whitish hue when observed through the atmosphere. Notable examples include Procyon A, Gamma Virginis A and B, and Tabby's Star.
Paul Taublieb
Paul Taublieb is an American director, writer, and producer best known for films such as The Vow and the Emmy Award-winning documentaries "Unchained: The Untold Story of Freestyle MotoCross" and "Hawaiian: The Legend of Eddie Aikau" (part of ESPN's 30 for 30 series).

Rob Dyrdek
Robert Stanley Dyrdek (born June 28, 1974) is an American entrepreneur, actor, producer, reality TV personality, and former professional skateboarder. He is best known for his roles in the MTV reality and variety shows Rob & Big, Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory, and Ridiculousness. In addition to his television ventures, Dyrdek is a serial entrepreneur, founding several  businesses through his venture studio, Dyrdek Machine, including Street League Skateboarding and Superjacket Productions (now Thrill One Media).
Energy in Italy
Energy in Italy comes mostly from fossil fuels. Among the most used resources are petroleum (mostly used for the transport sector), natural gas (used for electric energy production and heating), coal and renewables. Italy has few energy resources, and most supplies are imported.

An important share of its electricity is imported, mainly from Switzerland and France. The share of primary energy dedicated to electricity production is above 35%, and has grown steadily since the 1970s.

Electricity is produced mainly from natural gas, which accounts for the source of more than half of the total final electric energy produced. Another important source is hydroelectric power, which was practically the only source of electricity until 1960. Wind and solar power grew rapidly between 2010 and 2013 thanks to high incentives. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy.

1987 Italian referendums
Five nationwide popular referendums were held in Italy on 8 November 1987, with three questions about nuclear energy after the Chernobyl disaster, and two questions about justice. Voting day had been postponed by six months, according to the Italian Constitution, because of the snap election of spring.

Turnout was quite high, with 65% of the electors participating in the referendum. For the first time since the adoption of the Constitution in 1948, a referendum was approved by the citizens.
2020 in Estonian football
This page summarizes Estonian football in 2020. It contains information about the league system, national teams, beach football and futsal. On 13 March 2020, football was suspended in Estonia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Meistriliiga was resumed on 19 May and Esiliiga and Esiliiga B were continued a week later.

Pärnu JK
Pärnu Jalgpalliklubi, commonly known as PJK, or simply as Pärnu, was a women's football team based in Pärnu, Estonia. Having won a record 13 Naiste Meistriliiga titles, 6 Estonian Women's Cups and 7 Estonian Women's Supercups, the team stepped down from women's football in 2019. The club's home ground was Pärnu Rannastaadion.

The club announced their dissolvement at the end of December 2019 and played their last game on 12 January 2020.

The club's men's team currently plays in the third division Esiliiga B.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Charlestown, Rhode Island
This is a list of Registered Historic Places in Charlestown, Rhode Island.

‹ The template below (NRHP date for lists) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›          This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Charlestown, Rhode Island
Charlestown, nicknamed C-Town by locals, is a town on the southern coastline of Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Charlestown is bordered by Westerly to the west, Richmond to the north divided by the Pawcatuck River, and South Kingstown to the east, with the Block Island Sound to the south. Charlestown, similarly to Westerly, Rhode Island, is a tourist destination during the months of May through October for destinations such as the Charlestown Breachway, East Beach, and more.
1979–80 NCAA football bowl games
The 1979–80 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1979 and January 1980 to end the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. A total of 15 team-competitive games, were played. The post-season began with the Garden State Bowl on December 15, 1979, and concluded on January 1, 1980, with the Orange Bowl.

1979 Garden State Bowl
The 1979 Garden State Bowl, played on December 15, 1979, was the second edition of the Garden State Bowl. The game featured the California Golden Bears, who played in their first bowl since the 1959 Rose Bowl, and the Temple Owls, who made their first bowl appearance since the 1935 Sugar Bowl. 55,493 tickets were sold but only 40,207 fans showed on a cold 29°-day in the Meadowlands to see the Owls beat the Golden Bears, 28–17. The game was nationally televised on the Mizlou Television Network.
Crayon
A crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of pigmented wax used for writing or drawing. Wax crayons differ from pastels, in which the pigment is mixed with a dry binder such as gum arabic, and from oil pastels, where the binder is a mixture of wax and oil.

Crayons are available in a range of prices, and are easy to work with. They are less messy than most paints and markers, blunt (removing the risk of sharp points present when using a pencil or pen), typically non-toxic, and available in a wide variety of colors. These characteristics make them particularly good instruments for teaching small children to draw in addition to being used widely by student and professional artists.

Binder (material)
A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion.

More narrowly, binders are liquid or dough-like substances that harden by a chemical or physical process and bind fibres, filler powder and other particles added into it. Examples include glue, adhesive and thickening.

Examples of mechanical binders are bond stones in masonry and tie beams in timber framing.
2011 Formula Renault 3.5 Series
The 2011 Formula Renault 3.5 Series was the seventh season of the Renault–supported single–seater category. It was the final season for the current Dallara chassis with Renault Sport Technologies having confirmed a new car for the 2012 season.

After featuring 12 teams during the 2010 season, following the late withdrawal of SG Formula, the grid expanded to 13 teams in 2011 with the addition of leading Formula Abarth and Italian Formula Three outfit BVM–Target.

EPIC Racing
EPIC Racing (Euskadi Phil Imanol Claudio Racing), formerly known as Epsilon Euskadi, was a racing team from Spain. The team's headquarters were located in Vitoria within Basque Country. Epsilon Euskadi ran teams within World Series by Renault and Formula Renault before selling the racing division to EPIC Racing in March 2011 in a bid to run the World Series by Renault with both Formula Renault 3.5 and Formula Renault 2.0.

In 2008 Epsilon Euskadi participated in sports car racing with the Epsilon Euskadi ee1 car.
Boni (guerrilla leader)
Bokilifu Boni (usually just Boni) (c. 1730 – 19 February 1793) was a freedom fighter and guerrilla leader in Suriname, when it was under Dutch colonial rule. Born in Cottica to an enslaved African mother who escaped from her Dutch master, he grew up with her among the Maroons in the forest. He was such a powerful leader that his followers were known as Boni's people after him (they later became known as the Aluku). They built a fort in the lowlands and conducted raids against Dutch plantations along the coast. Under pressure from Dutch regular army and hundreds of freedmen, they went east across the river into French Guiana. Boni continued to conduct raids from there, but was ultimately killed in warfare.

John Gabriel Stedman
John Gabriel Stedman (1744 – 7 March 1797) was a Dutch-British army officer and writer best known for writing The Narrative of a Five Years Expedition against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam (1796). This narrative covers his experience in Suriname between 1773 and 1777, where he was a soldier in a Dutch regiment deployed to assist colonial troops fighting against groups of maroons. He first recorded his experiences in a personal diary that he later rewrote and expanded into the Narrative. The Narrative was a bestseller of the time and, with its firsthand depictions of slavery and other aspects of colonialism, became an important tool in the fledgling abolitionist movement. When compared with Stedman's personal diary, his published Narrative is a sanitized and romanticized version of Stedman's time in Surinam.