hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ducati Sebring
The Ducati Sebring is a 340 cc (21 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Ducati from 1965 to 1968. At the time of its introduction it was the largest capacity Ducati machine. Production of the original model ended in 1967 when the 'wide case' Mark 3 was introduced, although just over 200 Sebrings were made in 1968 with the 'wide case' engine. Total production was around 3,500 machines.

Ducati singles
The Ducati singles were single cylinder motorcycles, made by Ducati from 1950 to 1974. Chief Engineer Fabio Taglioni developed a desmodromic valve system in these years, a system that opens and closes the valves using the camshaft, without the need for valve springs. This valve system has become a trademark feature of Ducati motorcycles.

In 1926, the brothers Adriano and Marcello Ducati founded Societa Scientifica Radio Brevetti Ducati, a company in Bologna producing tubes, condensers and other radio components. On June 1, 1935, the cornerstone of a factory in Borgo Panigale was laid. By 1940, the company was engaged in the manufacture of electronic equipment for the military, making the factory a target for Allied bombing. The Ducati factory at Borgo Panigale was hit badly more than once, but maintained production.
Nivenioideae
Nivenioideae is a subfamily of flowering plants and one of the six subfamilies in the family Iridaceae. It contains three genera, from South Africa which are the only true shrubs in the family (Klattia, Nivenia and Witsenia), It previously included Aristea, Patersonia and also Geosiris, which are now each placed in their own monotypic subfamily.

Nivenia
Nivenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae first described as a genus in 1808. Species in the genus are restricted in distribution to an area in the Cape Province of South Africa.

The genus name is a tribute to the Scottish botanist James Niven (1774-1826), one of the first to collect the genus.

Species

Nivenia argentea Goldblatt

Nivenia binata Klatt

Nivenia concinna N.E.Br - Viljoens Pass

Nivenia corymbosa (Ker Gawl.) Baker

Nivenia dispar N.E.Br - Olifantskloof

Nivenia fruticosa (L.f.) Baker - Langeberg Mountains

Nivenia inaequalis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning

Nivenia levynsiae Weim.

Nivenia parviflora Goldblatt

Nivenia stenosiphon Goldblatt

Nivenia stokoei (L.Guthrie) N.E.Br. - Caledon
Bicinchoninic acid assay
The bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay), also known as the Smith assay, after its inventor, Paul K. Smith at the Pierce Chemical Company, is a biochemical assay for determining the total concentration of protein in a solution (0.5 μg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL), similar to Lowry protein assay, Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution from blue to purple in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques. The BCA assay was patented by Pierce Chemical Company in 1989 & the patent expired in 2006.

Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4. It forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, while its anhydrous form is white. Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol. It exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry. The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands. The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.
G-On Riders
G-On Riders (G-onらいだーす) is a Japanese anime series animated by TNK and Shaft. The "G" in "G-On" stands for "Glasses". Every female character in the series (including in one brief shot the Statue of Liberty) wears glasses, hence the title. The character designs are intended to both parody and glorify the meganekko fetish among many anime fans. Other fetishes the anime uses include maids, sailor uniform, nurses, lolitas, and nuns.

Masayo Kurata
Masayo Kurata (倉田雅世, Kurata Masayo; born May 21, 1969 in Yokkaichi, Mie) is a Japanese voice actress. Some of her major roles are Koyomi from Girls Bravo, Shinobu Maehara in Love Hina,  Tomoe Kashiwaba in Rozen Maiden, Karinka from Steel Angel Kurumi, and Subaru Mikage in Comic Party. In video games she voices Kurara in Purikura Daisakusen, Ai Senou in Hourglass of Summer, Chizuru Sakaki in the Rumbling Hearts / Muv-Luv visual novels, and Souffle Rossetti in Star Ocean: Till the End of Time.
2-4-0+0-4-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 2-4-0+0-4-2 is an articulated locomotive, usually of the Garratt type. The wheel arrangement is effectively two 2-4-0 locomotives operating back to back, with the boiler and cab suspended between the two power units. Each power unit has two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. A similar wheel arrangement exists for Mallet locomotives, but is referred to as 2-4-4-2 since only the front engine unit can pivot.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
2006 Vuelta a España, Stage 1 to Stage 11
The 2006 Vuelta a España was the 61st edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Málaga, with a team time trial on 26 August, and Stage 11 occurred on 6 September with a stage to Burgos. The race finished in Madrid on 17 September.

2006 Vuelta a España
The 2006 Vuelta a España was held from 26 August to 17 September 2006, and was the 61st edition of the race. It consisted of 21 stages covering a total of 3,192 km (1,983 mi), and was won by Alexander Vinokourov of the Astana cycling team. The points classification was won by Thor Hushovd of Crédit Agricole, and the mountains classification by Egoi Martínez of Discovery Channel.
Green wedding
A green wedding or an eco-friendly wedding, is any wedding where the couple plans to decrease the ecological impact of their special event on the planet. Couples plan their weddings by integrating eco-friendly alternatives, such as eco-friendly invitations, flowers, dresses, photography, and more.

Wedding dress
A wedding dress or bridal gown is the dress worn by the bride during a wedding ceremony. The color, style and ceremonial importance of the gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants. Wedding dresses hold a significant place in fashion, symbolizing personal expression, and cultural traditions, and societal values. In Western culture, the wedding dress is most commonly white, a fashion made popular by Queen Victoria when she married in 1840. In Eastern cultures, brides often choose red to symbolize auspiciousness. These wedding dresses often represent a blend of heritage and contemporary trends, making them a pivotal aspect of bridal fashion and a reflection of  evolving style in society.
Malsis Hall
Malsis Hall is a mansion in Glusburn, North Yorkshire, England. It was built in the 1860s by Bradford-based architect Samuel Jackson for the Keighley-based textile magnate James Lund. It is a grade II listed building.

Since 2019 Malsis Hall has been operated by Enhanced Community Homes Options (ECHO) as a specialist residential care home for people with complex mental health conditions.

Glusburn
Glusburn is a village and electoral ward in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The village is situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales, sits on the A6068 Kildwick to Hapton road, and is conjoined to the village of Sutton-in-Craven at the south.

The village is the older part of the civil parish of Glusburn and Cross Hills, historically known as Glusburn.  The newer part of the parish is known as Cross Hills. The parish had a population of 3,902, increasing to 3,980 at the 2011 Census.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
The Pillar
The Pillar is an American news and investigative journalism website focusing on the Catholic Church. The site was founded in 2021 by two journalist canon lawyers: J.D. Flynn, former editor-in-chief of Catholic News Agency and former chancellor of the Archdiocese of Denver; and Ed Condon, former Washington, D.C., bureau editor of Catholic News Agency. The Pillar publishes news and analyses on the life of the church, abuse, church finances, and the interaction of the church and global politics. In July 2021, they received international coverage for publishing a controversial exposé on a top American church official's use of a location-based hookup app. By the end of that month, they had become the third-most-subscribed "faith" publication on Substack.

Cardinal Secretary of State
The Secretary of State of His Holiness (Latin: Secretarius Status Sanctitatis Suae; Italian: Segretario di Stato di Sua Santità), also known as the Cardinal Secretary of State or the Vatican Secretary of State, presides over the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Secretariat of State performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See and Vatican City. The secretary of state is sometimes described as the prime minister of the Holy See, but the head of government of Vatican City is the President of the Governorate of Vatican City State.

Cardinal Pietro Parolin has served as secretary of state since 2013, nominated by Francis and temporarily confirmed also by Leo XIV in May 2025.
Gow Hastings Architects
Gow Hastings Architects is a Canadian architectural firm specializing in post-secondary, commercial, and public buildings. Founded in  2002 by Valerie Gow and Philip Hastings, the Toronto-based firm has designed over 350 teaching and learning spaces for institutions across Ontario.

Humber Polytechnic
The Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, rebranded as Humber Polytechnic since 2024, is a public college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1967, Humber has three main campuses and locations – the Humber North campus, the Lakeshore campus, and the International Graduate School. Today, Humber boasts over 200 programs, 86,000 full time students and 9,300 international students.
Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.

Agilent Technologies
Agilent Technologies, Inc. is an American global company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, that provides instruments, software, services, and consumables for laboratories. Agilent was established in 1999 as a spin-off from Hewlett-Packard. The resulting IPO of Agilent stock was the largest in the history of Silicon Valley at the time. From 1999 to 2014, the company produced optics (LED, laser), semiconductors, EDA software and test and measurement equipment for electronics; that division was spun off to form Keysight. Since then, the company has continued to expand into pharmaceutical, diagnostics & clinical, and academia & government (research) markets.
Khera, Nangal
Khera is a village in Phagwara tehsil, Kapurthala district in Punjab, India.

According to the 2001 Census, Khera has a population of 2,241 people. Khera is close to the city of Phagwara. Neighbouring villages include Nangal, Gobindpura, Bhanoki, Thakkraki, Mouli.

Khera Road leads straight from Phagwara City into Khera village. Together with the neighbouring village of Nangal, the area is known as Nangal-Khera. Khera has two gurdwaras and a government school.

Bhanoki
Bhanoki is a village in Tehsil Phagwara, Kapurthala district, in Punjab, India.  It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from sub-district headquarter Phagwara and 50 km away from district headquarter Kapurthala.  The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative.
Stanisław Nagy
Stanisław Kazimierz Nagy, SCI (30 September 1921 – 5 June 2013) was a Polish member of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Dehonians) and a cardinal. He was born in 1921 in Bieruń, Silesia, Poland, to a Hungarian father and Polish mother. In 1937 he became a member of the Dehonian Congregation and was ordained a priest in 1945. He was a rector in Kraków-Płaszów, in Tarnów and a professor at the Catholic University of Lublin.

In the early 1970s Nagy served on the International Theological Commission, the Joint-Catholic-Lutheran Commission and on the editorial staff of the Catholic Encyclopedia. He attended Synods in 1981 and 1985 as well as writing books on ecumenism and Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated as Archbishop and was created Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria della Scala on 21 October 2003. Cardinal Nagy died on 5 June 2013 in Kraków, Poland.

International Theological Commission
The International Theological Commission (ITC) is a body of the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church; it advises the magisterium of the church, particularly the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (DDF), a dicastery of the Roman Curia. Its memberships consists of no more than 30 Catholic theologians appointed by the pope at the suggestion of the prefect of the DDF for renewable five year terms. They tend to meet annually for a week in Rome, where the commission is based.

The commission is closely aligned with the DDF, whose prefect is ex officio the president of the ITC. In March 2022, Pope Francis reaffirmed that relationship with his apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium, effective 5 June 2022, even as it changed the name of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) to the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (DDF), as part of a reorganization and reform of the Roman Curia.
Violent by Nature
Violent by Nature is the second album from Arizona thrash metal band Atrophy, released in 1990 on Roadrunner Records. Like their previous album Socialized Hate, it was co-produced by prolific producer/engineer Bill Metoyer, and recorded in Los Angeles. The band followed up the album with tours of the US and Europe with the likes of Sacred Reich, Coroner and Forced Entry. However shortly after, Chris Lykins left the band to pursue a medical school course and the band split up after Roadrunner Records lost confidence in the band due to the departure of one of its leading songwriters;  Archived March 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine as such, Violent by Nature would be Atrophy's final album for 34 years, until the release of their third album Asylum in March 2024. The model for the artwork was Richie Bujinowski (now Cavalera), who would later become Max Cavalera's adopted stepson and the frontman of Incite.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Herlinde Koelbl
Herlinde Koelbl (born 31 October 1939) is a German photographic artist, author and documentary filmer.

Her comprehensive work is characterized above all by long-term photographic projects, often complemented by in-depth interviews. She is particularly interested in creating portraits of milieus and people. Herlinde Koelbl has received a number of awards for her photographic work, for example the Dr Erich Salomon Prize in 2001. Since 2009, she has regularly worked as an author and photographer for ZEIT magazine, in the column "What saved me".

German Historical Museum
The German Historical Museum (German: Deutsches Historisches Museum), known by the acronym DHM, is a museum in Berlin, Germany devoted to German history. It describes itself as a place of "enlightenment and understanding of the shared history of Germans and Europeans". It is often viewed as one of the most important museums in Berlin and is one of the most frequented. The museum is located in the 17th-century Zeughaus (armoury) on the Unter den Linden, just across the Spree from Museum Island.  The museum's attached Exhibition Hall was designed by I. M. Pei in the late 20th century. The Zeughaus is closed for renovation, while the Exhibition Hall remains open.

The German Historical Museum is under the legal form of a foundation registered by the Federal Republic of Germany. Its highest-ranking body is the Board of Trustees (Kuratorium) with representatives of the federal government, the German Bundestag (Parliament) and the governments of the German Länder, or states.
Douglas Lifeboat Station
Douglas Lifeboat Station is located at Battery Pier, Douglas Head, in Douglas, capital of the Isle of Man, a British Crown Dependency.

Douglas and the Isle of Man holds a special place in the history of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), previously the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS), as this was the home of its founder, Sir William Hillary, 1st Baronet, (1771–1847).

The first Douglas lifeboat was funded by the Duke of Atholl, Governor of the Isle of Man, and arrived in 1802. A lifeboat station operated by the RNIPLS was opened in 1825. The station was re-established by the RNLI in 1868.

Trent-class All-weather lifeboat 14-37 Betty Huntbatch (ON 1274) arrived in Douglas on 9 August 2025, and will undergo a period of crew training, before officially replacing the Mersey-class lifeboat on service.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Castel Campagnano
Castel Campagnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Caserta.

Castel Campagnano borders the municipalities of Caiazzo and Ruviano in the province of Caserta, and Amorosi, Dugenta, Limatola, Melizzano in the province of Benevento.

Castel Campagnano is a small agricultural center located on the right bank of the river Volturno, near Caserta. The surrounding hills are characterised by vineyards, olive trees and dense vegetation. The frazione of Squille is south of the municipal area. Today, Castel Campagnano's economy revolves mostly around agriculture, small industries and tourism.

Castel Campagnano is a member of Cittaslow.

Cittaslow
Cittaslow is an organisation founded in Italy and inspired by the slow food movement. Cittaslow's goals include improving the quality of life in towns by slowing down its overall pace, especially in a city's use of spaces and the flow of life and traffic through them.

As of November 2025, Cittaslow has 308 members, 221 in Europe, 71 in Asia, 6 in North America, 4 in South America, 4 in Oceania, and 2 in Africa. Countries with most members are Italy (90), Poland (37), Turkey (28), Germany (24), China (18), South Korea (15), France (13) and Spain (11).
Government in Norman and Angevin England
From the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the death of King John in 1216, England was governed by the Norman and Plantagenet dynasties. The Norman kings preserved and built upon the institutions of Anglo-Saxon government. They also introduced new institutions, in particular, formalized feudalism.

Feudal relief
Feudal relief was a one-off "fine" or form of taxation payable to an overlord by the heir of a feudal tenant to license him to take possession of his fief, i.e. an estate-in-land, by inheritance. It is comparable to a death duty or inheritance tax.

The equivalent duty at the lower levels of the feudal hierarchy was heriot (in England) or le droit du meilleur catel (in France).
McCurdy Smokehouse
The McCurdy Smokehouse is a former industrial fish processing facility on the waterfront of Lubec, Maine.  Operated between about 1906 and 1991, it is believed to be the last intact early 20th-century herring processing facility in the state.  It is now owned by a local preservation group, hosts a museum and other facilities.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Lubec, Maine
Lubec (/luːˈbɛk/ loo-BEK) is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. It is the easternmost municipality in the contiguous U.S. (see extreme points of the United States) and is the country's closest continental location to Africa.

The town, with a population of 1,237 at the 2020 census, is home to Quoddy Head State Park.
The Manson Family Album
The Manson Family Album is the first studio recording by American rock band Marilyn Manson and a precursor to their debut studio album, 1994's Portrait of an American Family. It was produced by Roli Mosimann and is composed of original takes and mixes of songs which were later found on their debut album. However, the band was unhappy with Mosimann's production, claiming it to be poorly representative of their established sound and calling it too "smoothed and polished". The majority of songs on The Manson Family Album were later re-recorded or remixed by Nine Inch Nails personnel Trent Reznor, Sean Beaven and Alan Moulder at the Record Plant in Los Angeles. The album's title is a double entendre; it also relates to the commune of cult leader Charles Manson.

Tape loop
In music, tape loops are loops of magnetic tape used to create repetitive, rhythmic musical patterns or dense layers of sound when played on a tape recorder. Originating in the 1940s with the work of Pierre Schaeffer, they were used among contemporary composers of 1950s and 1960s, such as Éliane Radigue, Steve Reich, Terry Riley, and Karlheinz Stockhausen, who used them to create phase patterns, rhythms, textures, and timbres. Popular music authors of 1960s and 1970s, particularly in psychedelic, progressive and ambient genres, used tape loops to accompany their music with innovative sound effects. In the 1980s, analog audio and tape loops with it gave way to digital audio and application of computers to generate and process sound.