hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyprus facial neuromusculoskeletal syndrome
Cyprus facial neuromusculoskeletal syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by a "mephistophelian" appearance consisting of a ridged, thick triangular skin fold extending from the glabella up into the anterior fontanel, alongside other symptoms such as hypertelorism, widow's peak, low-set ears, kyphoscoliosis congenita, congenital clubfoot, hip dislocation, and arthrogryposis. Additional findings include cataracts, decreased articular range of motion, ptosis, and ankylosis, and, less commonly, mild sensory deficits with muscle weakness and atrophy. It has been described in a large 3-generation Greek Cypriot family.

Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis (AMC) is congenital joint contracture in two or more areas of the body. It derives its name from Greek, actually meaning 'curving of joints' (arthron, 'joint'; grȳpōsis, late Latin form of late Greek grūpōsis, 'hooking').

Children born with one or more joint contractures have abnormal fibrosis of the muscle tissue causing muscle shortening, and therefore are unable to perform active extension and flexion in the affected joint or joints.

AMC has been divided into three groups: amyoplasia, distal arthrogryposis, and syndromic (is a syndrome or part of a syndrome). Amyoplasia is characterized by severe joint contractures and muscle weakness. Distal arthrogryposis mainly involves the hands and feet. Types of arthrogryposis with a primary neurological or muscle disease belong to the syndromic group.
Lafut-e Bala
Lafut-e Bala (Persian: لفوت بالا, also Romanized as Lafūt-e Bālā; also known as Lafūt) is a village in Kurka Rural District, in the Central District of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 357, in 108 families. In 2016, it had 300 people in 112 households.

Kurka Rural District
Kurka Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوركا) is in the Central District of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kashal-e Azad Sara. The previous capital of the rural district was the former village of Kurka.
F-INSAS
F-INSAS is India's programme to equip its infantry with state-of-the-art equipment, F-INSAS stands for Future Infantry Soldier As a System. However the Indian Army has decided to drop the F-INSAS program in favour of two separate projects. The new program will have two components: one to arm the future infantry soldier with the best available assault rifle, carbines, and personal equipment, such as helmets and bulletproof vests. The second component is the Battlefield Management Systems (BMS). NATO similar combat systems are made in India by MKU (company).

Future Soldier
Future Soldier was a multi-nation military project launched by the United States and its allies in the late 1990s.

Superiority to  enemy ground forces will be achieved by equipping the average ground-based combat soldier with an integrated set of high-technology uniforms and equipment. These will be linked to an array of real-time and archived battlefield information resources. Soldiers will require not only enhanced versions of existing equipment (rifle, pistol, knife, helmet, armour, clothing), but also new forms of equipment that will become possible as new types and combinations of technologies become viable for battlefield deployment.
Nepetalactol
Nepetalactol is an iridoid.  It is produced from 8-oxogeranial by the enzyme iridoid synthase.  Nepetalactol is a substrate for the enzyme iridoid oxidase (IO) which produces 7-deoxyloganetic acid. It has been identified in Actinidia polygama (the silver vine) as a major cat attractant, and a mosquito repellent. The fact that mosquitos bite cats with nepetalactol on their fur less often may explain why cats are attracted to silver vine in the first place.

Iridoid
Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial.  Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides, most often bound to glucose.

The chemical structure is exemplified by iridomyrmecin, a defensive chemical produced by the ant genus Iridomyrmex, for which iridoids are named.  Structurally, they are bicyclic cis-fused cyclopentane-pyrans.  Cleavage of a bond in the cyclopentane ring gives rise to a subclass known as secoiridoids, such as oleuropein and amarogentin.
Instead, Suffolk
Instead is a settlement in the north west part of Weybread, in the Mid Suffolk district, in Suffolk, England, it was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. It is included marshland along the banks of the River Waveney which constituted the border with Needham, Norfolk.

Mid Suffolk
52°09′22″N 1°02′56″E﻿ / ﻿52.1560°N 1.0489°E﻿ / 52.1560; 1.0489

Mid Suffolk is a local government district in Suffolk, England. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just three towns, being Stowmarket, Needham Market and Eye. Its council was based in Needham Market until 2017 when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Babergh District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. In 2021 it had a population of 103,417.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Babergh, West Suffolk, Breckland and South Norfolk.
Ait Boudaoud
Ait Boudaoud (Arabic: أيت بوداود, Ayt Bu-Dāwud; Tamazight: ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵓⴷⴰⵡⴷ) is a small rural commune in Zagora Province. The Ait Boudaoud commune is located within the Agdz district, 80 kilometers from the city of Zagora. It's home to a population of around 5,344 residents

Zagora, Morocco
Zagora (Arabic: زاكورة) is a town located in the Draa River valley in the Moroccan region of Drâa-Tafilalet.

On the base of the Zagora Mountain the remains of an Almoravid fortress can still be seen. The exact location of the former Almoravid mosque is still a matter of dispute. Each year the moussem (festival) of the Sufi saint Moulay Abdelkader Jilali is celebrated at Zagora.

Languages spoken in the city include Moroccan Arabic, Tachelhit and Tamazight.

A sign at the town border states "Tombouctou 52 days", the supposed time it takes to get to Timbuktu, Mali on foot or camel. The original sign has been replaced by a mural painting.
Timeline of radio
The timeline of radio lists within the history of radio, the technology and events that produced instruments that use radio waves and activities that people undertook. Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general history.

Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquess (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937), was an Italian radio-frequency engineer, inventor, and politician known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system. This led to his being largely credited as the inventor of radio and sharing the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy."
His work laid the foundation for the development of radio, television, and all modern wireless communication systems.

As an entrepreneur and a businessman, Marconi founded The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (later the Marconi Company) in the United Kingdom in 1897. In 1929, he was ennobled as a marquess (Italian: marchese) by King Victor Emmanuel III. In 1931, he set up Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI.
Porth-Mawr Gatehouse
Porth-Mawr (Great Gate) is a gatehouse on Brecon Street in the centre of Crickhowell, Powys, Wales. Constructed in the 15th century by a branch of the Herbert family as the entrance to their Tudor mansion of Cwrt Carw, it is a Grade I listed building.

Crickhowell
Crickhowell (/krɪkˈhaʊəl/; Welsh: Crucywel pronounced [krɨkːəu̯ɛl], non-standard spelling Crughywel) is a  town and community in southeastern Powys, Wales, near Abergavenny, and was historically in the county of Brecknockshire.
Dunsby
Dunsby is a small village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of in Lincolnshire, England. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) north from Bourne, just east off the A15, and on the western edge of the Lincolnshire Fens. In 2001 it had a population of 141, reducing to 122 at the 2011 census.

The Grade I listed parish church is dedicated to All Saints. Built of ironstone and limestone, it dates from the 12th century, and was restored in 1857. The church is part of the Ringstone in Aveland group of the Deanery of Beltisloe, Diocese of Lincoln. The vicar was the Revd Dr Lynda Pugh between 2012 and 2018. The incumbent is the Revd Neil Bullen.

The village cross is a medieval scheduled monument sited at a road junction in the village, and consists of the base and 8 inches (20 cm) of shaft.

Dunsby is mentioned in the Domesday Book under the name of Dunesbe.

A15 road (England)
The A15 is a major road in England. It runs north from Peterborough via Market Deeping, Bourne, Sleaford and Lincoln along a variety of ancient, Roman, and Turnpike alignments before it is interrupted at its junction with the M180 near Scawby. The road restarts 10 miles (16 km) east, and then continues north past Barton-upon-Humber, crossing the Humber on the Humber Bridge before terminating at Hessle near Kingston upon Hull.
Shalom Spiegel
Shalom Spiegel (26 January 1899 – 24 May 1984) was the William Prager Professor of Medieval Hebrew Literature at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America from 1944 until his retirement in 1973. He is considered one of the greatest scholars of Judaica of his generation and a leading expert in medieval Hebrew literature.

Dr. Spiegel wrote about Jewish legends and the lives of the prophets. His books included "Hebrew Reborn," "Ezekiel or Pseudo-Ezekiel," "Noah, Daniel and Job" and "The Last Trial," a collection of legends about the sacrifice of Isaac.

Moshe Davis
Moshe Davis (January 12, 1916 in Brooklyn, New York – April 19, 1996) was a rabbi and a scholar of American Jewish history who taught at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) and Hebrew University.
Monument to Maria Christina of Bourbon (Madrid)
The monument to Maria Christina of Bourbon (Spanish: María Cristina de Borbón) is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. Designed by Mariano Benlliure and consisting of a bronze statue of the aforementioned queen consort and regent of Spain and a stone pedestal with additional sculptural elements, the monument lies in front of the Casón del Buen Retiro.

Casón del Buen Retiro
The Casón del Buen Retiro is an annex of the Museo del Prado complex in Madrid. Following major restoration work, which was completed in October 2007, it now houses the museum's study centre (the Escuela del Prado) and library.

Picasso's 1937 Guernica canvas, and the sketches associated with its creation, were displayed at the Casón from 1981, when it was delivered to Spain from New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), to 1992, when it was moved to its current permanent location in a purpose-built gallery at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía.
Rainer Widmayer
Rainer Widmayer (born 2 April 1967) is a German football manager and former player. During his playing career, he played mostly in the lower divisions, except his final season, during which he played in the 2. Bundesliga for SSV Ulm. As manager, he has been assistant manager of Swiss clubs FC St. Gallen and Grasshopper Club Zürich. In Germany, he assistant managed Hertha BSC and the reserves and professional squad of VfB Stuttgart. After Markus Babbel was sacked as manager of Hertha BSC, Widmayer was appointed caretaker of the Berlin club. Several days later, having completed his duties of caretaker, Widmayer left Hertha altogether. In 2012 Widmayer was assistant coach of Markus Babbel for TSG Hoffenheim. In January 2021, Widmayer became assistant coach of the new head coach of Schalke 04, Christian Gross. In 2022, he was assistant coach of Greuther Fürth and in October he was the interim manager for one game.

Christian Gross
Christian Jürgen Gross (born 14 August 1954) is a Swiss football manager and former player. He played as a sweeper and central midfielder.

Gross was manager of Basel from 1999 to 2009, winning four Swiss Super Leagues and four Swiss Cups.

As manager of Tottenham Hotspur between November 1997 and September 1998, Gross became the first Swiss to manage in the Premier League.
Birchbark Lake
Birchbark Lake is a lake in the central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Most of the western half of the lake is in the RM of Paddockwood No. 520, while the eastern side is in the RM of Torch River No. 488. A provincial recreation site is located on the south-eastern shore of the lake and access is from a grid road connecting to Highway 55.

Birchbark Lake is in the Boreal Transition ecozone and is surrounded by a forest of trembling aspen, balsam poplar, white spruce, and balsam fir. Birchbark Creek flows out from the north end of the lake and into Hunt Lake. From Hunt Lake, the creek continues north into Torch Lake, which is connected to Candle Lake via Fisher Creek. Candle Lake is the source of the Torch River, a tributary of the Saskatchewan River.

Rural Municipality of Torch River No. 488
The Rural Municipality of Torch River No. 488 (2016 population: 1,471) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 14 and SARM Division No. 4. Located in the northeast-central portion of the province, it is north of the Town of Nipawin.
World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships 2025
The 2025 World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships were held at Tarvisio in Italy from 27 February to 6 March 2025. It was the sixth time that a World Junior Alpine Skiing Championship was held in Italy after the editions in 1983, 1988, 1993, 2002, 2005, 2012 and 2019.

World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships 2019
The World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships 2019 were the 38th World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships, held between 18 and 27 February 2019 in Val di Fassa, Trentino, Italy.

Race courses took place at the Aloch Ski Stadium in Pozza di Fassa (Sèn Jan di Fassa) and at La VolatA slope on Passo San Pellegrino (Moena).
Second Battle of Corinth order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Corinth of the American Civil War on October 3 and 4, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle and reports.   The Union order of battle is listed separately.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
811 Main
811 Main (formerly BG Group Place and MainPlace) is a 630 ft (192 m) tall skyscraper in Downtown Houston, Texas. It was completed in February 2011 and has 46 floors. It is LEED Platinum Certified. When it was completed, BG Group Place became the 15th tallest building in Houston and features a skygarden on the 39th floor. It is the tallest building built in Houston in 23 years, after the Heritage Plaza was completed in 1987.
The naming was done when BG Group Plc became an anchor tenant and leased 164,000sq ft of space.
The primary monument & all core signage for the facility was built by Ad Display Sign Systems.
Current major tenants include:

Crestwood Midstream Partners

KPMG

Baker Hostetler

Latham & Watkins

Quorum

Citi

Kayne Anderson

Reed Smith

Heritage Plaza
Heritage Plaza is a postmodern skyscraper located in the Skyline District of downtown Houston, Texas. Standing at 762 feet (232 m), the tower is the 5th-tallest building in Houston, the 8th-tallest in Texas, and the 60th-tallest in the United States. The building, designed by Houston-based M. Nasr & Partners P.C., was completed in 1987, and has 53 floors.
Thomas Flynn (bishop of Ardagh)
Thomas Flynn was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman who served as Bishop of Ardagh from 1718 to 1730.

Thomas Flynn was born in 1652 at Errew in Gortlettragh, Co. Leitrim. During the Penal Laws, he studied for the priesthood, in France. He studied in the faculty of law, gaining a BCL (1692), a LCL (1693) and a DCL (1696).

Dr Flynn was appointed Bishop of Ardagh by a papal brief on 18 May 1718 and consecrated on 15 July 1718.
Bishop Flynn was suspended by the Primate Hugh MacMahon in 1729, for ordaining unsuitable candidates for the priesthood.
He died in office on 29 January 1730.
His death in 1730 was disputed, supported by letters in the Stuart Court, which led to the delay in his successor Peter Mulligan becoming Bishop until 1732.

Bishop Flynn was buried in the Cloone cemetery, County Leitrim. The original headstone was defaced but a new one was erected and consecrated to his memory in 1975.

Hugh MacMahon
Hugh MacMahon (1660–1737) was Bishop of Clogher 1707–1715 and Archbishop of Armagh 1715–1737.

Born in 1660 in the townland of Cavany, Scotshouse, County Monaghan, Ireland, the son of Colla Dubh Mac Mahon of the Dartry branch of the clan and Eibhlin O'Reilly, the daughter of Colonel Philip O'Reilly, the Cavan leader in the 1641 Rebellion. Hugh MacMahon was appointed as Roman Catholic Bishop of Clogher on 15 March 1707, following the death of his predecessor, Patrick Tyrrell in 1689. In 1711, he was appointed the Apostolic Administrator for the Diocese of Kilmore; he resigned from this position in 1728. On 8 July 1715 he was appointed to the position of Archbishop of Armagh. Hugh MacMahon was the first of three Clogher bishops who were, in succession, appointed to the See of Armagh. He died in Armagh on 7 August 1737.

Bishop MacMahon was one of several priests who were targets for Edward Tyrrell the priest-hunter working in Dublin and the Wicklow area around 1712.
So You Think You Can Dance (Malaysian TV series) season 2
The second season So You Think You Can Dance (Malaysia) began airing on 1 May 2008 on 8TV. Auditions were held in Kota Kinabalu and Kuala Lumpur. Aishah Sinclair hosts this season, while Pat Ibrahim, Ramli Ibrahim and Judimar Hernandez return as permanent judges.

Contestants vied for RM50,000 and an 8TV scholarship as the grand prize. In the Grand Finalé on 1 August 2008, Cecilia Yong Ling Shi, known throughout the competition as CC, was crowned "Malaysia's Favourite Dancer" through popular voting.

On 7 November 2008, the second season of So You Think You Can Dance was nominated and won the Anugerah Skrin 2008 award in the category of Best Reality Program.

So You Think You Can Dance (Malaysian TV series)
So You Think You Can Dance is a dance reality show and competition aired on 8TV. Based closely on the original U.S. show by the same name, the series premiered on April 5, 2007.

The show was created by Simon Fuller (known for the Idol series) and Nigel Lythgoe. The Malaysian entry in the So You Think You Can Dance franchise lasted two seasons and ended in 2008 after crowning champions Muhammad Haslam Abdul Rahman Rubaee (season 1), and Cecilia Yong Li Shi (season 2).
Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (/vɔːlf/; less correctly Wolf, German: [vɔlf]; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff in 1745; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher. Wolff is characterized as one of the most eminent German philosophers between Leibniz and Kant. His life work spanned almost every scholarly subject of his time, displayed and unfolded according to his demonstrative-deductive, mathematical method, which some deem the peak of Enlightenment rationality in Germany.

Wolff wrote in German as his primary language of scholarly instruction and research, although he did translate his works into Latin for his transnational European audience.  A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education.

Law of noncontradiction
In logic, the law of noncontradiction (LNC; also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that for any given proposition, the proposition and its negation cannot both be simultaneously true, e.g., the proposition "the house is white" and its negation "the house is not white" are mutually exclusive.

To express the fact that the law is tenseless and to avoid equivocation, sometimes the law is amended to say "contradictory propositions cannot both be true 'at the same time and in the same sense'".

Formally, the law is expressed as the tautology ¬(p ∧ ¬p).  One reason to have this law is the principle of explosion, which states that anything follows from a contradiction, resulting in trivialism. The law is employed in a reductio ad absurdum proof. Paraconsistent logics are those logics which deny explosion.
Vietnamellidae
Vietnamellidae is a family of ephemerelloid mayflies. It contains a single extant genus, Vietnamella, with several species native to India, Southeast Asia, and China. A fossil genus Burmella is known from the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to the mid-Cretaceous around 100 million years ago.

Ephemerelloidea
Ephemerelloidea is a superfamily of mayflies in the suborder Pannota. It is a basal group of mayflies with a worldwide distribution. Members of this super-family can be distinguished from those of Caenoidea by the fact that the gills of the nymphs are not filamentous.

The following families are recognised:

Ephemerellidae

Leptohyphidae

Tricorythidae
Centre for Advanced 2D Materials
The Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), at the National University of Singapore (NUS), is the first centre in Asia dedicated to graphene research. The centre was established under the scientific advice of two Nobel Laureates in physics – Prof Andre Geim and Prof Konstantin Novoselov - who won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of graphene. It was created for the conception, characterization, theoretical modeling, and development of transformative technologies based on two-dimensional crystals, such as graphene. In 2019, Prof Konstantin Novoselov moved to Singapore and joined NUS as Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering.

Andre Geim
Sir Andre Konstantin Geim (Russian: Андре́й Константи́нович Гейм; born 21 October 1958; IPA1 pronunciation: ɑːndreɪ gaɪm) is a Russian-born British physicist working in England in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene. At that time he was a Dutch citizen. He later became a British citizen to accept a knighthood and considered himself Dutch-British. Geim is Regius Professor of Physics and Royal Society Research Professor at the National Graphene Institute. Geim was previously awarded an Ig Nobel Prize in 2000 for levitating a frog using its intrinsic magnetism. He is the first and only individual, as of 2025, to have received both Nobel and Ig Nobel prizes, for which he holds a Guinness World Record.

Geim has been appointed as a chair professor at the University of Hong Kong in February 2026 and will assume his tenure in April 2026.