hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euro Generals scandal
The Euro Generals Scandal involves Eliseo de la Paz and several Philippine National Police (PNP) officials who went to Russia in October 2008 to attend an Interpol conference. De la Paz was detained for carrying a large sum of undeclared money.

Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP; Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the national police force of the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Currently, it has approximately 228,000 personnel to police a population in excess of 100 million.

The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.
Morrison Glacier
Morrison Glacier (66°10′S 63°30′W﻿ / ﻿66.167°S 63.500°W﻿ / -66.167; -63.500) is a glacier 3 nautical miles (6 km) long between Attlee Glacier and Eden Glacier, flowing south to the head of Cabinet Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted in 1947 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, who named it for Rt. Hon. Herbert Morrison, M.P., British Home Secretary and member of the War Cabinet. It was photographed from the air during 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition under Finn Ronne.

Cabinet Inlet
Cabinet Inlet (66°35′S 63°10′W﻿ / ﻿66.583°S 63.167°W﻿ / -66.583; -63.167) is an icy inlet, 36 miles (58 km) long in a northwest–southeast direction, and some 27 miles (43 km) wide at its entrance between Cape Alexander and Cape Robinson, along the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named and charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and aerially photographed by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in December 1947. It is named for the British War Cabinet which authorized the FIDS in 1943.
Vrije en Lage Boekhorst
Vrije en Lage Boekhorst ("Free and Low Boekhorst") is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located to the west of the hamlet of Zevenhuizen in the former municipality of Alkemade.

The municipality existed between 1817 and 1855, when it became part of Alkemade. The area used to be a separate manor, but it was added in 1812 to the municipality of Noordwijkerhout as an exclave, even though that village lay almost 10 km away. Presumably this happened because the area was confused with Hooge Boekhorst ("High Boekhorst") near Noordwijkerhout. The municipality had an area of only about 0.35 km2 and about 60 inhabitants.

Zevenhuizen, Kaag en Braassem
Zevenhuizen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a partly in the municipality of Kaag en Braassem and partly in the municipality of Teylingen. Zevenhuizen lies about 7 km northeast of Leiden.

Zevenhuizen is not a statistical entity, and is considered part of Oud Ade and Warmond. It consists of about 40 houses and 70 houseboats.
Actinodaphne bourdillonii
Actinodaphne bourdillonii is a species of the genus Actinodaphne of the  flowering plant family Lauraceae, commonly called the malavirinji, eeyoli, and Pisa.  It is endemic to the Southern Western Ghats (South Sahyadri and Palakkad Hills). Its general habitat is shola and montane evergreen forests from 600 to 2,000 metres elevation.

Actinodaphne
Actinodaphne is an Asian genus of flowering plants in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It contains approximately 125 species of dioecious evergreen trees and shrubs.

Species range across tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, Japan, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, and Fiji. There are 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the five U.S. representatives from the State of Oregon, one from each of the state's 5 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well a senatorial election and the special gubernatorial election, and elections to local offices. The primaries were held on May 17. All five incumbents were re-elected.

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the five U.S. representatives from the state of Oregon, one from each of the state's five congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including the governor of Oregon and a United States senator. Primary elections were held on May 20, 2014.
Creation Management
Creation Management was formed by Alan McGee and Simon Fletcher to manage global music artists, launched in Wales in April 2014.
The first signing was The Jesus and Mary Chain.
The current roster includes Wilko Johnson, Black Grape, Happy Mondays, Shaun Ryder, Cast and Shambolics.
The management company has a record label Fetcher Mcgee Ltd that released an unofficial UEFA Euro 2016 record featuring Black Grape, Paul Oakenfold, and Goldie.

Black Grape
Black Grape are an English alternative dance band formed in Salford in 1993, featuring former members of Happy Mondays and Ruthless Rap Assassins. Their musical style fuses funk and electronic rock with electronic programming and samples.
Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' Greco-Roman 69 kg
The boys' 69 kg Greco-Roman tournament in wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 15 at the International Convention Centre.

The event limited competitors to a maximum of 69 kilograms of body mass.  The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format.  The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.

Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
The wrestling competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics took place in Singapore from 15 to 17 August at the International Convention Centre. The first positive drugs tests of the Games came in wrestling events, with the International Olympic Committee announcing on 15 October that two wrestlers, including a silver medallist, had tested positive for furosemide.
Daš Extra Radio
Daš Extra Radio or Radio Daš Extra is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The owner of the local radio station is the company M.B. KOMPANI d.o.o. Bijeljina  which also operates Daš Radio radio station.

The program is mainly produced in Serbian at one FM frequency (Bijeljina 90.8 MHz) and it is available in the city of Bijeljina as well as in nearby municipalities in Semberija area. This radio station is formatted as urban Top 40 radio.

Estimated number of listeners of Daš Extra Radio is around 65.611.

Semberija
Semberija (Serbian Cyrillic: Семберија, pronounced [sěmbeːrija]) is a geographical region in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main city in the region is Bijeljina. Semberija is located between the Drina and Sava rivers and Majevica mountain. Most of the region is administratively situated in the entity of Republika Srpska, and the smaller part in the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Semberija has a very rich history. It was first mentioned in 1533 during the Ottoman rule. The name Semberija is of Hungarian origin and probably related to the time of the 12th–16th centuries when this area was occasionally held by the Hungarian Kingdom. Today about 200,000 people live in the area of Semberija, most in the municipality of Bijeljina.
Michael Kawooya (physician)
Michael Grace Kawooya (born 1958) is a Ugandan physician, academic, researcher and academic administrator, who serves as Director at the Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI). He is a Professor (emeritus) of Radiology at Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Malcolm Hahn
Malcolm Arthur Hahn QSM (3 May 1931 – 2 April 2010) was a New Zealand athlete and javelin thrower.

At the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales he was the New Zealand flagbearer at the opening ceremony. In the javelin competition he finished 13th with a throw of 204’ 9½” (62.42 m).

Hahn's best throw was 71.52 metres (234 ft 8 in). This was a New Zealand record at the time and the first throw by a New Zealander over 70 metres (229 ft 8 in).

Malcolm Arthur Hahn ( 1931 - 2010 ) was the great great grandson of Ludwig Johan Hahn (1820 - 1899) Born in Memel, Lithuania.

King's Service Medal
The King's Service Medal (created as the Queen's Service Medal in 1975 and renamed in 2024) is a medal awarded by the government of New Zealand to recognise and reward volunteer service to the community and also public service in elected or appointed public office. It was established in 1975 and is related to the King's Service Order. The QSM replaced the Imperial Service Medal as an award of New Zealand.

On 3 May 2024, the Queen's Service Medal was renamed to the King's Service Medal by Royal Warrant. Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal from 1975 until May 2024 will continue to use the 'QSM' postnominal letters with recipients of the King's Service Medal from June 2024 using the postnominal letters 'KSM'.
Saint Anthony's Chapel (Pittsburgh)
Saint Anthony's Chapel (styled in some parish and diocesan sources as Saint Anthony Chapel) is a Catholic chapel in the Troy Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh and is notable for its vast collection of relics.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh
The Diocese of Pittsburgh (Latin: Diœcesis Pittsburgensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Western Pennsylvania in the United States. It was established on August 11, 1843. The diocese is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. The cathedral church is Saint Paul Cathedral in Pittsburgh. The bishop of Pittsburgh is Mark Eckman.
Townsville City, Queensland
Townsville City is a coastal suburb at the centre of the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Townsville City had a population of 2,945 people.

It is the city's central business district and a major hub for businesses of all sectors in the Northern Australia region.

North Ward, Queensland
North Ward is a coastal suburb of Townsville in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, North Ward had a population of 5,073 people.

The suburb is one of the oldest in the city but has undergone significant development over many decades. It is home to some of the city's top attractions including The Strand, the waterpark, and the rockpool.
Christian Forestier
Christian Forestier (8 December 1944 – 11 August 2025) was a French academic and civil servant.

Forestier was heavily influential within the French education system and was notably close to politicians such as Jack Lang and Laurent Fabius.

Laurent Fabius
Laurent Pierre Emmanuel Fabius (French: [lɔʁɑ̃ fabjys]; born 20 August 1946) is a French politician who has served in a number of capacities, most recently as president of the Constitutional Council from 2016 to 2025. A member of the Socialist Party, he previously served as Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. Fabius was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, after Gabriel Attal, the second youngest prime minister of the Fifth Republic.

Fabius was also President of the National Assembly from 1988 to 1992 and again from 1997 to 2000. Fabius served in the government as Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2002 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016.
Agriplace, Saskatoon
Agriplace is an industrial park located in the Riel Industrial Sector Suburban Development Area of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Industrial parks are usually located close to transport facilities, especially where more than one transport modalities coincide.   Sk Hwy 16, the Yellowhead, Sk Hwy 11, and Sk Hwy 11 are all accessed directly from Agriplace. The Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker International Airport is southwest of the Sk Hwy 16, the Yellowhead highway.

SaskTel Centre
SaskTel Centre (formerly Credit Union Centre, and originally Saskatchewan Place; informally also known as Sask Place) is an arena located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The facility opened in February 1988 and is currently the home venue of the Saskatoon Blades of the Western Hockey League, the Saskatoon Mamba of the Canadian Elite Basketball League, and the Saskatchewan Rush of the National Lacrosse League, with the arena being referred to as Co-op Field at SaskTel Centre during Rush games.
Simone Cairoli
Simone Cairoli (born 7 July 1990) is an Italian male decathlete, who won six national championships. In 2017 with his personal best had reached the 5th place in the national all-time lists and 52nd place in the seasonal world lists.

2018 European Athletics Championships
The 2018 European Athletics Championships were held in Berlin, Germany, from 6 to 12 August 2018. The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in the United Kingdom.

For the second Championships in a row, the Russian team did not participate; this was due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, several athletes were cleared by the IAAF to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes under the flag of the European Athletic Association. Mariya Lasitskene became the first such athlete to win a gold medal, in the women's high jump.
Tochuina gigantea
Tochuina gigantea, common name  the giant orange tochui, is a species of sea slug, a tritonid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tritoniidae.

Bergh (1879) used the name Tritonia tetraquetra in a sense different from Pallas (1788). The valid name for Tochuina tetraquetra sensu Bergh, 1879 is Tritonia gigantea Bergh, 1904. The complicated series of misinterpretations of Pallas' and Bergh's species are explained in a 2020 revision of the family Tritoniidae.

Tritoniidae
Tritoniidae is a taxonomic family of nudibranchs in the suborder Cladobranchia, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs. This family includes some of the largest known nudibranchs, with the NE Atlantic species Tritonia hombergii reaching 20 cm in length. It is the only family in the monotypic superfamily Tritonioidea.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Ghana
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) was introduced to Ghana, West Africa, in 1962. It was officially organized in 1978, following announcement of the revelation on priesthood. As of 2024, the LDS Church reported 113,470 members in 387 congregations in Ghana, making it the second largest body of LDS Church members in Africa, behind Nigeria. In 2021, Ghana ranked as having the third most LDS Church members per capita in Africa, behind Cape Verde and Sierra Leone.

Emmanuel A. Kissi
Emanuel Abu Kissi (born 24 December 1938) is a Ghanaian medical doctor, founder of a medical clinic, and leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  He was originally one of only a few black Africans to have served as an area seventy in the church. He was the official head of the LDS Church in Ghana during its "freeze" in 1989–90, and has worked extensively to increase interfaith relationships in Ghana.
Kirsten van de Ven
Kirsten Johanna Maria van de Ven (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɪrstə ɲoːˈɦɑnaː maːˈrijaː vɑn də ˈvɛn, -stə joːˈ-]; born 11 May 1985) is a former Dutch professional footballer. Prior to her professional career, she played College soccer in the United States. Professionally she played in the Dutch league (Eredivisie) for Willem II Tilburg and FC Twente, and in the Swedish league (Damallsvenskan) for Tyresö FF and FC Rosengård. She won titles at clubs in both Sweden and the Netherlands, as an international player she was a member of the Netherlands women's national football team, and represented her country at the 2009 and 2013 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship, and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

2015–16 Eredivisie (women)
The 2015–16 Eredivisie Vrouwen was the sixth season of the Netherlands women's professional football league, and the first season since 2011–12. The Eredivisie returned after a three-season absence, when it was replaced by the BeNe League, which included teams from the Netherlands and Belgium. The season took place from 21 August 2015 to 20 May 2016 with seven teams. FC Twente won its second Eredivisie title and became Dutch champions for a fourth consecutive year, including its BeNe League titles.
Legio VI Hispana
Legio VI Hispana ("Sixth (Hispanian) Legion") may have been a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Only a few records attesting a "VI Hispana" were known in 2015. Seyrig (1923) argued that this unit was created in AD 68 and disappeared before 197. Another theory is that VI Hispana was created after 197 and was destroyed in the turmoil of the Empire's Third Century Crisis.

The scarcity and ambiguity of records of "VI Hispana" has led some scholars to doubt that this legion ever existed and that the inscriptions attesting it were erroneous references to the legions VII Gemina or IX Hispana.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Student-directed teaching
Student-directed teaching is a teaching technology that aims to give the student greater control, ownership, and accountability over his or her own education. Developed to counter institutionalized, mass, schooling, student-directed teaching allows students to make their own choices while they learn in order to make education much more meaningful, relevant, and effective.

Student-directed teaching is a product of research done by Don and Anne Green, who work in the Canadian education system. Their research, done for the University of Calgary, developed the foundational philosophy for student-directed teaching. Student-directed teaching evolves the pedagogical practices set forth by technologies such as the Montessori method.

Compulsory education
Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. This education may take place at a registered school or at home or other places.

Compulsory school attendance or compulsory schooling means that parents are obliged to send their children to a state-approved school.

All countries except Bhutan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vatican City (which does not have any child citizens or child residents) have compulsory education laws.
Lori Shapiro
Lori Shapiro  (née Ferrara; born March 10, 1973) is an American former White House official who has been the first lady of Pennsylvania since 2023 as the wife of Governor Josh Shapiro. She previously worked in the Clinton administration as an analyst in the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the liaison to the President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee.

First ladies of Pennsylvania
The first lady of Pennsylvania is the title attributed to the wife of the governor of Pennsylvania. The honorary position is styled as First Lady or First Gentleman of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. To date there have been no female governors of Pennsylvania, and all first spouses have been first ladies.

From 1777 until late 1790, Pennsylvania was governed by a "Supreme Executive Council" whose head had the title of President.  These presidents' wives are included here as well.
Relative interior
In mathematics, the relative interior of a set is a refinement of the concept of the interior, which is often more useful when dealing with low-dimensional sets placed in higher-dimensional spaces.

Formally, the relative interior of a set  (denoted ) is defined as its interior within the affine hull of  In other words,

where  is the affine hull of  and  is a ball of radius  centered on . Any metric can be used for the construction of the ball; all metrics define the same set as the relative interior.

A set is relatively open iff it is equal to its relative interior. Note that when  is a closed subspace of the full vector space (always the case when the full vector space is finite dimensional) then being relatively closed is equivalent to being closed.

For any convex set  the relative interior is equivalently defined as

where   means that there exists some  such that .

Ball (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere; it is also called a solid sphere. It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).

These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and higher dimensions, and for metric spaces in general. A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the planar region bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the region of space bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment.

In other contexts, such as in Euclidean geometry and informal use, sphere is sometimes used to mean ball. In the field of topology the closed -dimensional ball is often denoted as  or  while the open -dimensional ball is  or .