hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gingival disease
Gingival disease is a term used to group the diseases that affect the gingiva (gums). The most common gingival disease is gingivitis, the earliest stage of gingival-related diseases. Gingival disease encompasses all the conditions surrounding the gums; this includes plaque-induced gingivitis, non-dental biofilm plaque-induced gingivitis, and periodontal diseases.

Gingivitis
Gingivitis, also known as ulitis, is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums. The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis. Most forms of gingivitis are plaque-induced.

Although gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis.

Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene; however, without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, in which the inflammation of the gums results in tissue destruction and bone resorption around the teeth. Periodontitis can ultimately lead to tooth loss.
United Nations Administered East Timor
United Nations Administered East Timor refers to the period when between 25 October 1999 and 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was governed by the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor as a United Nations administered territory.

Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
The prime minister of Timor-Leste, officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; Tetum: Primeiru-Ministru Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

The president of Timor-Leste is the head of state. The president appoints the prime minister, after parliamentary elections and have listened to all parties represented in the National Parliament, who is usually the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. The prime minister is ex officio a member of the Council of State, chairs the cabinet and oversees the activities of the government.

The current prime minister is Xanana Gusmão, who was sworn in on 1 July 2023; he also served as the 6th prime minister from 2007 to 2015.
Departmental Council of Indre
The Departmental Council of Indre (French: Conseil départemental de l'Indre) is the deliberative assembly of the Indre department in the region of Centre-Val de Loire. It consists of 26 members (departmental councilors) from its 13 cantons and its headquarters are in Châteauroux, capital of the department.

Indre
Indre (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃dʁ] ⓘ); is a department in central France named after the river Indre. The inhabitants of the department are known as the Indriens (masculine; pronounced [ɛ̃dʁijɛ̃]) and Indriennes (feminine; [ɛ̃dʁijɛn]). Indre is part of the current administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire. The region is bordered by the departments of Indre-et-Loire to the west, Loir-et-Cher to the north, Cher to the east, Creuse and Haute-Vienne to the south, and Vienne to the southwest. The préfecture (capital) is Châteauroux and there are three subpréfectures at Le Blanc, La Châtre and Issoudun. It had a population of 219,316 in 2019. It also contains the geographic centre of Metropolitan France.
Pat Keefe
Patrick "Patsy" Keefe (September 16, 1878 – September 10, 1941) was an American baseball player, coach of football and baseball, and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont from 1910 to 1912, compiling a record of 2–16–2. Keefe was also the head baseball coach at the University of Maine, tallying a mark of 8–4.

Keefe played high school football in Williamstown, Massachusetts as a halfback. He later coached football for two seasons there and then in Ogdensburg, New York, in 1909. He was the athletic director at Drury High School in North Adams, Massachusetts from 1915 to 1917. Keefe was later an assistant football coach at Williams College under head coaches Percy Wendell and Douglas Lawson. In 1929, he was hired as the baseball coach at Clarkson College—now known as Clarkson University—in Potsdam, New York. He died on September 10, 1941, at Veteran's Hospital in Chelsea, Massachusetts.

Percy Wendell
Percy Langdon "Bullet" Wendell (July 16, 1889 – March 13, 1932) was an American football player and coach of football and basketball. He played college football at Harvard University, where he was a three-time All-American from 1910 to 1912. Wendell served as the head football coach at Boston University in 1920, at Williams College from 1921 to 1924, and at Lehigh University from 1925 to 1927, compiling a career college football coaching record of 30–33–4. He was also the head basketball coach at Boston University for one season, in 1919–20, tallying a mark of 0–6.  Wendell was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1972.
Election Authority (Sweden)
The Swedish Election Authority (Swedish: Valmyndigheten) is a government agency responsible for organizing national elections and referendums in Sweden. The agency began its operations on 1 July 2001 when it took over the responsibilities from the Swedish National Tax Board.

Local and regional elections are the responsibility of the respective municipalities and county councils, however these elections always take place concurrently with the national elections for the Riksdag. As the central administrative authority for elections, the Swedish Election Authority has an instrumental role in all public elections in Sweden. The authority is also responsible for elections to Sámi Parliament of Sweden.

Swedish Tax Agency
The Swedish Tax Agency (Swedish: Skatteverket) is a government agency in Sweden responsible for national tax collection and administering the population registration.

The agency was formed on 1 January 2004 through the merger of the Swedish National Tax Board (Riksskatteverket) and the then 10 existing regional tax authorities (skattemyndigheter).

The Swedish Tax Agency (and prior to that, the Swedish National Tax Board) was also formerly the parent agency of the Swedish Enforcement Administration (Kronofogdemyndigheten). Since 1 July 2008, the Swedish Enforcement Administration is an independent agency but with close administrative ties to the Swedish Tax Agency.

The agency has local offices in over a hundred cities across Sweden, with the headquarters located in Solna, Stockholm County.
Yōgaiyama Castle
Yōgaiyama Castle (要害山城, Yōgaiyama-jō) was a Sengoku period yamajiro located in Kai Province (present day Yamanashi Prefecture), constructed in the 1520s by the Takeda clan. Since 1991, the ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1938. The castle is also known as the Sekisuiyama Castle (積翠山城, Sekisuiyama-jō).

Kuruwa
Kuruwa (曲輪, くるわ) is a Japanese term for the walls of a Japanese castle, and the regions bounded by the arrangement of those walls. The term may also be written as 郭, and the term maru (丸) is also used for castles built after the Edo period. The kuruwa serves as a defensive territory, provides space for additional castle facilities, and contains the living quarters for common soldiers, making it an important fixture of all Japanese castles. Most castles built during the Middle Ages contain many kuruwa of small area, while those built during or after the early modern period often contain a lesser number of kuruwa of larger area. The western equivalent is the motte-and-bailey.
Kankō Ainu
"Kankō Ainu" (Japanese: 観光アイヌ; "tourist Ainu") is the Japanese term for Ainu people who are considered to live or portray a traditional or pseudo-traditional depiction of the Ainu people and their lifestyle in order to cater to the tourism industry.

The practice of portraying indigenous Japanese traditions for tourism purposes has been criticised and protested by some Ainu advocates, including complaints that tourist Ainu sites do not represent genuine Ainu culture, but rather a stereotype of the Ainu from the wajin (majority Japanese) perspective. However, other Ainu people do not hold the view that the practice is a negative one, instead considering it a positive to be able to make a living producing and selling traditional Ainu handicrafts and performing traditional Ainu artforms for an audience.

Matsumae clan
The Matsumae clan (松前氏, Matsumae-shi) was a Japanese aristocratic family who were daimyo of the Matsumae Domain, now in Matsumae, Hokkaido, from the Azuchi–Momoyama period until the Meiji Restoration. They were given the march as their fiefdom in 1590 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and charged with defending it, and by extension the whole of Japan, from the Ainu "barbarians" of the north.

The Late Middle Japanese and Early Modern Japanese term for Hokkaido was Yezo, now pronounced Ezo; it was renamed only during the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

The Matsumae were the first Yamato people to negotiate with the Russian Empire. Following the Meiji Restoration, the family was bestowed the title of Viscount.
Acanella
Acanella is a genus of deep sea corals of the family Keratoisididae. Acanella are mainly studied and found in Hawaii, they are able to survive in high-flow sites and are preyed upon by nudibranch mollusks. It has a high fecundity and small size that allows high dispersal and recruitment; however, it has been classified as a vulnerable marine organism due to its vulnerability to bottom fishing gear.

Bamboo coral
Bamboo coral, family Keratoisididae (formerly included in Isididae as the subfamily Keratoisidinae) is a family of coral of the phylum Cnidaria. It is a commonly recognized inhabitant of the deep sea, due to the clearly articulated skeletons of the species.

Prior to 2021, bamboo corals was the vernacular name of the family Isididae, the definition of which was completely different from its current definition (see Isididae for details). This former family Isididae was accepted prior to 2021 because its members had their articulated skeletons with proteinaceous joints, but the family was shown to be paraphyletic after it was found that this had evolved at least five separate times.

As of 2023, the taxonomy of Keratoisididae is being actively revised.
Francis Shirley
Francis Shirley  (c.1524 – 24 March 1578), was an English politician.

He was the eldest son of Thomas Shirley of West Grinstead.

He was a Justice of the Peace for Sussex from 1564 until his death and was appointed High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for 1573–74. He was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for New Shoreham in 1555.

He married Barbara, the daughter of Sir Richard Blount of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire and Dedisham, Sussex, with whom he had 2 sons and 2 daughters. 
He was succeeded by his elder son Thomas, who inherited the manor of Buddington, the house at West Grinstead, lands in Horsham, Lancing and Steyning, and a manor in Somerset.

Sheriff of Sussex
The office of Sheriff of Sussex was established before the Norman Conquest. The Office of sheriff remained first in precedence in the counties until the reign of Edward VII when an Order in Council in 1908 gave the Lord-Lieutenant the prime office under the Crown as the Sovereign's personal representative.

At various times the sheriff of Surrey was also sheriff of Sussex (1229–1231, 1232–1240, 1242–1567, 1571–1635), The office of Sheriff of Sussex ceased with local government re-organisation in 1974, when the county was split for local government purposes into East Sussex (see High Sheriff of East Sussex) and West Sussex (see High Sheriff of West Sussex). The High Sheriffs remain the Sovereign's representative in the County for all matters relating to the Judiciary and the maintenance of law and order.
Dominic Corrigan
Sir Dominic John Corrigan, 1st Baronet (2 December 1802 – 1 February 1880), was an Irish physician, known for his original observations in heart disease. The abnormal "collapsing" pulse of aortic valve insufficiency is named Corrigan's pulse after him.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Peter Leiss
Peter Leiss (born 1951) is an Australian photographer, filmmaker, actor, and producer whose work spans documentary, staged sequences, and stills photography for feature films. His photography practice has participated in the evolution in Australia from documentary and craft toward a more conceptual and intermedial art form, while he contributed also to avant-garde theatre.

Centre for Adult Education
The Centre for Adult Education (CAE), founded in 1947 as the Council of Adult Education, is an adult education institution based in Victoria, Australia. It runs short courses and nationally recognised training, as well as a Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) program. It is a statutory authority under the Education and Training Reform Act 2006. It is partly funded by the state government's Adult Community and Further Education Division.
Butterfield station
Butterfield station is a side platformed SacRT light rail station in La Riviera, California, United States. The station was opened on September 5, 1987, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by the Gold Line. The station is located at the intersection of Folsom Boulevard and Butterfield Way just northeast of Highway 50. From its opening through the opening of the Mather Field/Mills station on September 6, 1998, this served as the eastern terminus of the original RT light rail alignment (the Watt/I-80–Downtown–Butterfield line).

A large office for the California Franchise Tax Board was built next to the station.

Gold Line (SacRT)
The Gold Line is a light rail transit line in the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SacRT) light rail system.  Operating between Sacramento Valley and Historic Folsom stations, the line runs primarily east-west in Sacramento (including downtown, Midtown, East Sacramento), portions of unincorporated Sacramento County, Rancho Cordova, Gold River and Folsom. Segments of the Gold Line run along the system's original alignment between 16th Street and Butterfield stations, which opened for service in 1987. The line has run in its modern configuration since June 2005, with extensions completed since then to Folsom and the downtown Amtrak station.
Takada Domain
Takada domain (高田藩, Takada han),  was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It was located in Echigo Province, in the Hokuriku region of Honshū. The domain was centered at Takada Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Jōetsu in Niigata Prefecture. It was also known as Fukushima Domain (福嶋藩, Fukushima han).

Hikone Domain
Hikone Domain (彦根藩, Hikone-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of  Edo period Japan.  It was located in eastern Ōmi Province, in the Kansai region of central Honshu. The domain was centered at Hikone Castle, located in what is now the city of  Hikone in Shiga Prefecture. It was ruled throughout its history by the Ii clan.
Joseph Calwell
Joseph Calwell (18 October 1808- 11 February 1882) was a nineteenth century  Irish Anglican priest.

Callwell was born in Dublin  and educated at Trinity College, Dublin.  After a curacy in Newcastle, County Dublin he held livings at Newtownmountkennedy, Drummully, Aghavea and Kilskeery. He was  Archdeacon of Clogher from 1871 to 1873.

Archdeacon of Clogher
The Archdeacon of Clogher is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Clogher. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the diocese. The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Reginald MacGilla Finin who held the office in 1268. The incumbent is Canon Paul Thompson.
W. Tayloe Murphy
William Tayloe Murphy (May 6, 1901 – November 16, 1962) was an American politician and businessman from Virginia. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1940 to 1942 and from 1948 to 1959. He was Virginia State Treasurer from 1942 to 1947.

Virginia State Treasurer
The Virginia state treasurer is the head of the Virginia Department of the Treasury. They are the primary manager of the state's multi-billion dollar investment portfolio and oversee the issuance of bonds and management of debt in excess of $15 billion.

The current Virginia state treasurer is David L. Richardson, who was appointed by Governor Glenn Youngkin in June 2022.
Osorno Province
Osorno Province (Spanish: Provincia de Osorno) is one of the four provinces in the southern Chilean region of Los Lagos (X). The province has an area of 9,223.7 km2 (3,561 sq mi) and a population of 221,496 distributed across seven communes (Spanish: comunas). The provincial capital is the city of Osorno.

Osorno is a city located in southern Chile a territory of northern Patagonia in the Los Lagos Region. The Chilean Patagonia starts at Latitude 39° South in Valdivia and then it continues through the Chiloe Island and the fiords that continue its course south through the Pacific Ocean and the Cordillera de los Andes until it reaches Latitude 56° South at Cape Horn.The province possesses one of the most frequented mountain passes of Chile, the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass which links the province with Villa La Angostura and San Carlos de Bariloche in Argentina.

German Chileans
German Chileans (Spanish: germanochilenos; German: Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chileans descended from German immigrants, about 30,000 of whom arrived in Chile between 1846 and 1914. Most of these were from traditionally Catholic Bavaria, Baden and the Rhineland, and also from Bohemia in the present-day Czech Republic; even included were Alsatians and Poles through Partitions of Poland. A smaller number of Lutherans immigrated to Chile following the failed revolutions of 1848.

From the middle of the 19th century to the present, they have played a significant role in the economic, political and cultural development of the Chilean nation. The 19th-century immigrants settled chiefly in Chile's Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions in the so-called Zona Sur of Chile, including the Chilean lake district.
Newburgh Free Academy
Newburgh Free Academy (NFA) is the public high school educating all students in grades 9–12 in the Newburgh Enlarged City School District, which serves the city of Newburgh, New York, most of each of the towns of Newburgh and New Windsor, and portions of the towns of Cornwall and Walkill.

In addition to Newburgh, the enlarged city school district includes the following census-designated places: Balmville, Gardnertown, and Vails Gate, as well as most of the New Windsor CDP and portions of the Orange Lake CDP.

It traces its history back over two centuries, to the years prior to mandatory public education.

Gardnertown, New York
Gardnertown is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 4,542 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Gardnertown is located within the town of Newburgh, and is approximately two  miles northwest of the city of Newburgh, a completely separate municipality. It takes its name from Silas Gardner, an early settler whose stone house, a Registered Historic Place, remains in use as a private residence on Route 300 just north of Route 52.

Gardnertown is the geographic center of the Town of Newburgh.  Accordingly, most of the governmental buildings, including the Town Hall, the Police Department, and the Code Compliance (Old Town Hall) building, are all located in Gardnertown. The Town Justice Court is located about a mile and a half to the north.
Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1
Collagen α-1 (XXIII) chain is a protein encoded by COL23A1 gene, which is located on chromosome 5q35 in humans, and on chromosome 11B1+2 in mice. The location of this gene was discovered by genomic sequence analysis.

Collagen XXIII is a type II transmembrane protein and the fourth in the subfamily of non-fibrillar transmembranous collagens. This kind of collagens have a single pass hydrophobic transmembrane domain.  The molecule of collagen XXIII can be found either in membrane-bond form or in shed form.

Type XXIII collagen is expressed in both adult tissues and developing organs. It can be found in the epidermis and other epithelia such as those in tongue, gut and lung, but also in the brain, the kidney and the cornea. It has been shown that in prostate collagen XXIII expression is associated with tumor progression.

The functions of collagen XXIII are still unknown, although it is believed that they could be similar to other transmembrane proteins, such as collagen XIII.

Integrin beta 1
Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene. This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens.

Integrin beta 1 is expressed as at least four different isoforms. In cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle, the integrin beta-1D isoform is specifically expressed, and localizes to costameres, where it aids in the lateral force transmission from the Z-discs to the extracellular matrix. Abnormal levels of integrin beta-1D have been found in limb girdle muscular dystrophy and polyneuropathy.
General W.K. Wilson Jr. Bridge
The General W.K. Wilson Jr. Bridge, more commonly known locally as the "Dolly Parton Bridge", consists of dual parallel tied through arches of weathering steel and beam viaducts of concrete that form one continuous span carrying four lanes of Interstate 65 across the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta northeast of the U.S. city of Mobile, Alabama.  Built from 1978 to 1980, it spans a distance of 6.08 miles (10 km) over the delta, making it, along with the Jubilee Parkway across Mobile Bay to its south, among the longest bridges in the nation.  It was named in honor of Walter K. Wilson, a Chief of Engineers with the United States Army Corps of Engineers and long-term resident of Mobile.  He was credited with being one of the first people recognizing the need to construct a high-level bridge on Interstate 65 over the Mobile River that would not impede waterway development.  The state of Alabama named the bridge in his honor after completion of construction in 1978.

Weathering steel
Weathering steel, often called corten steel (or its trademarked name, COR-TEN) is a group of steel alloys that form a stable external layer of rust that eliminates the need for painting.

U.S. Steel (USS) holds the registered trademark on the name COR-TEN. The name COR-TEN refers to the two distinguishing properties of this type of steel: corrosion resistance and tensile strength. Although USS sold its discrete plate business to International Steel Group (now ArcelorMittal) in 2003, it makes COR-TEN branded material in strip mill plate and sheet forms.

The original COR-TEN received the standard designation A242 (COR-TEN A) from the ASTM International standards group. Newer ASTM grades are A588 (COR-TEN B) and A606 for thin sheet. All of the alloys are in common production and use.

The surface oxidation generally takes six months to develop, although surface treatments can accelerate this to as little as one hour.