hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort Tejon Historical Association
The Fort Tejon Historical Association (FTHA) is a historical society dedicated to preserving the historic site at Fort Tejon State Historic Park, in Kern County, California, and educating the public about the fort’s role in 19th century California and U.S. history.

Fort Tejon was established in 1854 at Tejon Pass, in the canyon between the San Emigdio Mountains and Tehachapi Mountains.  It is located near present-day Gorman on Interstate 5 in California.

The FTHA is well known for its annual Civil War reenactments that take place in June.

Gorman, California
Gorman is an unincorporated community in northwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is located in Peace Valley south of the Tejon Pass, which links Southern California with the San Joaquin Valley and Northern California. Due to this location, the area has served as a historic travel stop dating back to the indigenous peoples of California. Tens of thousands of motorists travel through Gorman daily on the Golden State Freeway (Interstate 5) since the highway's completion in the mid-20th century.
Cyprus University of Technology
The Cyprus University of Technology (CUT) (Greek: Τεχνολογικό Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου or "ΤΕ.ΠΑ.Κ.") is a university established in 2004. Its first intake of students took place in the academic year 2007–08. The establishment of CUT is an attempt to fill in gaps that still exist within Cyprus' higher education by offering degrees in undergraduate and postgraduate levels that are not offered by the University of Cyprus or by other higher education institutions.

It is based in Limassol, the second largest city in Cyprus. It was officially inaugurated in September 2007 by then-President of Cyprus, Tassos Papadopoulos.

University of Cyprus
The University of Cyprus (Greek: Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Turkish: Kıbrıs Üniversitesi) is a public research university established in Cyprus in 1989. It admitted its first students in 1992 and has approximately 7,000 students.
Saint-Sauveur (electoral district)
Saint-Sauveur (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sovœʁ] ⓘ) was a provincial electoral district in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1890 election from part of Québec-Est electoral district.  Its final election was in 1970.  It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral districts were Taschereau and Vanier.

Québec-Est (provincial electoral district)
Québec-Est was a former provincial electoral district in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada.  It was located in the general area of Quebec City. It elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1867 election.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Limoilou.
Cen Shen
Cen Shen or Cen Can (simplified Chinese: 岑参; traditional Chinese: 岑參; pinyin: Cén Shēn), 715–770, was a Chinese poet. He was regarded one of the great Chinese poets during the Tang dynasty. His poems were included in the Three Hundred Poems anthology.

Complete Tang Poems
Complete Tang Poems (or Quan Tangshi) is the largest collection of Tang poetry, containing some 49,000 poems by more than 2200 poets. In 1705, it was commissioned at the direction of the Qing dynasty Kangxi Emperor and published under his name. The Complete Tang Poems is the major reservoir of surviving Tang dynasty poems, from which the pre-eminent shorter anthology, Three Hundred Tang Poems, is largely drawn.
Somawangi
Somawangi (Indonesian pronunciation: [somaˈwaŋi]) is a village in the town of Mandiraja, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This village had an area of 690 ha (1,700 acres) and a population of 7,355 inhabitants in 2010.

Mandiraja, Banjarnegara
Mandiraja (Indonesian pronunciation: [mandiˈrad͡ʒa]) is a district (kecamatan) in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The district has an area of 52.62 km², with a population of 78,090 people at the 2020 Indonesian population census, and which was officially estimated to have reached 83,462 in mid 2024. Mandiraja is also 6 km east of the General Sudirman Airport.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 7
The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 7 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Fold7) is an Android-based foldable smartphone manufactured, developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It was officially announced on July 9, 2025, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event held in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, alongside the Galaxy Z Flip 7 (and its FE model) and the Galaxy Watch 8 series.

Galaxy Unpacked
Galaxy Unpacked is an annual event held by Samsung Electronics where it showcases new mobile devices for consumers, including smartphones, tablets, and wearables. It was first held as Samsung Mobile Unpacked in June 2009 at the CommunicAsia event at the Singapore Expo in Singapore. For successive releases, the event has frequently been held in Barcelona, New York City, and San Francisco and, as of 2015, has been branded under the Galaxy Unpacked moniker.

The event includes keynote presentations for product launches, delivered by company management figures. Attendees can visit exhibits and have hands-on experiences of the products in demonstration zones. Live broadcasts of Galaxy Unpacked feature a piece of pre-roll music from the Samsung Galaxy franchise, often a customized version of "Over the Horizon", and a repeated animation. Only Samsung executives, members of the press, social media influencers, and select Samsung Care Ambassadors or Samsung Members Stars are invited to attend.
Higher education in Alberta
Higher education in Alberta refers to the post secondary education system for the province of Alberta.  The Ministry of Advanced Education in Alberta oversees educational delivery through universities, publicly funded colleges, technical institutions, and private colleges.  These institutions offer a variety of academic and vocational pursuits. Students have access to post-secondary options through most regions of Alberta, and a developed articulation system allows for increased student mobility.

Mount Royal University
Mount Royal University (MRU) is a public university in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Originally “Mount Royal College,” Mount Royal University was granted university status in 2009 by the provincial government. The university has an average class size of 30 students and currently offers 13 degrees and 37 majors, in addition to diplomas, post-bachelor certificates and a variety of credit-free programs.
Wisconsin Fast Plants
Wisconsin Fast Plants is the registered trademark for a cultivar of Brassica rapa, developed as a rapid life-cycle model organism for research and teaching. Wisconsin Fast Plants are a member of the Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae) family, closely related to the turnip and bok choy. Wisconsin Fast Plants were developed in accordance with an ideotype for an ideal model organism to be used in expediting plant research. Similarly, their rapid life cycle and other model organism characteristics made them easy to grow in large numbers in classrooms. For the last few decades they have been grown in classrooms and laboratories around the world.

Turnip
The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock. The name turnip – used in many regions – may also be used to refer to rutabaga (or neep or swede), which is a different but related vegetable.
1851 Naval Air Squadron
1851 Naval Air Squadron (1851 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN), which last disbanded in 1946. It formed in the United States at RN Air Section Brunswick as a fighter squadron, in September 1944 and embarked on HMS Thane at the end of the year for transportation to the UK, arriving at Belfast. The squadron embarked in HMS Venerable in March 1945, it spent some time in the Mediterranean using HMS Falcon, RNAS Hal Far, as a shore station. Eventually reaching HMS Valluru, RNAMY Tambaram, in southern India in July, the squadron became part of the 15th Carrier Air Group, but too late to see action during the Second World War.

Naval Station Norfolk Chambers Field
Naval Station Norfolk Chambers Field (IATA: NGU, ICAO: KNGU, FAA LID: NGU), or LP-1/Chambers Field, commonly known as Chambers Field, is named after Captain Washington Irving Chambers. It is a military airport in Norfolk, Virginia that is a part of Naval Station Norfolk. It supports naval air forces in the United States Fleet Forces Command, those operating in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean. It's important to note that, "Chambers Field" only refers to the geographical area of the airport runway, taxiways, two heliports and six helipads.
Unjalur railway station
Unjalur railway station (station code: URL) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a station near Erode in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located along the Erode–Tiruchirappalli line between Erode Junction and Karur Junction.

Karur Junction railway station
Karur Junction railway station (station code: KRR) is an NSG–4 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction station located in the city of Karur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated along with Erode and Tiruchirapalli. The station is a junction for incoming trains from Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Dindigul towards Jolarpettai–Chennai line through Erode Junction.
6th federal electoral district of Yucatán
The 6th federal electoral district of Yucatán (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Yucatán) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of six such districts in the state of Yucatán.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

Created by the National Electoral Institute (INE) as part of the 2023 redistricting process, it was first contested in the 2024 general election.
The inaugural member for the district, elected in June 2024, is Jessica Saiden Quiroz of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Economics terminology that differs from common usage
In any technical subject, words commonly used in everyday life acquire very specific technical meanings, and confusion can arise when someone is uncertain of the intended meaning of a word. This article explains the differences in meaning between some technical terms used in economics and the corresponding terms in everyday usage.

Economic efficiency
In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts:

Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another.

Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost.

These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively efficient. There are also other definitions and measures. All characterizations of economic efficiency are encompassed by the more general engineering concept that a system is efficient or optimal when it maximizes desired outputs (such as utility) given available inputs.
Colloidal crystal
A colloidal crystal is an ordered array of colloidal particles and fine grained materials analogous to a standard crystal whose repeating subunits are atoms or molecules. A natural example of this phenomenon can be found in the gem opal, where spheres of silica assume a close-packed locally periodic structure under moderate compression. Bulk properties of a colloidal crystal depend on composition, particle size, packing arrangement, and degree of regularity. Applications include photonics, materials processing, and the study of self-assembly and phase transitions.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Ear drop
Ear drops are a form of topical medication for the ears used to treat infection, inflammation, impacted ear wax  and local anesthesia. They are commonly used for short-term treatment and can be purchased with or without a prescription. Before using ear drops, refer to the package insert or consult a health professional for the amount of drops to use and the duration of treatment.

Neomycin
Neomycin, also known as framycetin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against Gram-positive bacilli and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Neomycin comes in oral and topical formulations, including creams, ointments, and eyedrops. Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds.

Neomycin was discovered in 1949 by microbiologist Selman Waksman and his student Hubert Lechevalier at Rutgers University.  Neomycin received approval for medical use in 1952. Rutgers University was granted the patent for neomycin in 1957.
John Warren (Upper Canada politician)
John Warren (died September 5, 1832) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Haldimand in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1831 to 1832.

He was the son of John Warren, customs collector at Fort Erie. Warren, who lived in Bertie Township, operated a ferry between Fort Erie and what is now Buffalo, New York.  He served as an officer in the militia, reaching the rank of colonel. Warren was also a justice of the peace for the Niagara District and succeeded his father as customs collector at Fort Erie in 1815. He was elected to the assembly in an 1831 by-election held after the election of John Brant was overturned. Warren died in office in September of the following year.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
Mercedes-Benz 500I engine
The Mercedes-Benz 500I engine is a highly powerful, turbocharged, 3.4-liter, Indy car racing V-8 engine, designed, developed, and built by Ilmor, in partnership with Mercedes-Benz, specifically to compete in the 1994 Indianapolis 500.

The Mercedes-Benz 500I engine was slightly lighter than the Ilmor 265D Indy V8 it replaced in the Penske PC-23, although because of its longer inlets, the 500I had a higher overall centre of gravity, thus changing the overall balance of the car a bit. The development and testing of the 500I engine, at that time called Ilmor 265E, took place in the utmost secrecy because there was a possibility of the turbocharger boost level being changed, or the engine being banned by the Indy 500 sanctioning body.

Inch of mercury
Inch of mercury (inHg, ″Hg, or in) is a non-SI unit of measurement for pressure. It is used for barometric pressure in weather reports, refrigeration and aviation in the United States.

It is the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 1 inch (25.4 mm) in height at the standard acceleration of gravity.  Conversion to metric units depends on the density of mercury, and hence its temperature; typical conversion factors are:

In older literature, an "inch of mercury" is based on the height of a column of mercury at 60 °F (15.6 °C).

1 inHg60 °F = 3,376.85 pascals (33.7685 hPa)

In Imperial units: 1 inHg60 °F = 0.489 771 psi, or 2.041 771 inHg60 °F = 1 psi.
Bentley, West Midlands
Bentley is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, in the county of the West Midlands, England, near to Junction 10 of the M6 Motorway. It borders the towns of Willenhall and  Darlaston, and the areas of Beechdale and Alumwell.

Metropolitan Borough of Walsall
The Metropolitan Borough of Walsall is a metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Walsall, but covers a larger area which also includes Aldridge, Bloxwich, Brownhills, Darlaston, Pelsall and Willenhall.

The borough had an estimated population of 254,500 in 2007.

The borough was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It is bounded on the west by the City of Wolverhampton, the south by the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, to the south east by the City of Birmingham, and by the Staffordshire districts of Lichfield, Cannock Chase and South Staffordshire to the east, north and northwest respectively.  Most of the borough is highly industrialised and densely populated, but areas around the north and east of the borough are open space.
Borgo San Pietro (Vicenza)
Borgo San Pietro (also known historically as the Trastevere District in the 19th and 20th centuries) is a historic district within the old town of Vicenza, Italy. Located east of the Bacchiglione River, it developed along ancient Roman roads extending from the city centre. The district occupies the area between the river and the 14th-century Scaliger fortifications.

Capture of Rome
The capture of Rome (Italian: Presa di Roma) occurred on 20 September 1870, as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States. After a plebiscite held on 2 October 1870, Rome was officially made capital of Italy on 3 February 1871, completing the unification of Italy (Risorgimento).

The capture of Rome by the Royal Italian Army brought an end to the Papal States, which had existed since the Donation of Pepin in 756, along with the temporal power of the Holy See, and led to the establishment of Rome as the capital of unified Italy. It is widely commemorated in Italy, especially in cathedral cities, by naming streets for the date: Via XX Settembre (spoken form: "Via Venti Settembre").
Tamanic languages
The Tamanic languages are a small group of languages of Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan:

Embaloh (incl. Kalis)

Taman (Taman Dayak)

The Tamanic languages are not closely related to other languages on Borneo. Instead, they belong to the South Sulawesi languages, most probably in one branch together with Buginese.

Embaloh language
Embaloh (Maloh, Tamambaloh) is an Austronesian (Dayak) language spoken in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.: 86  Apart from Taman, it is not close to other languages on Borneo, but rather belongs to the South Sulawesi languages closest to Buginese. Many speakers of Embaloh also speak Iban, leading to the adoption of some Iban loanwords into Embaloh.: 114

The Kalis dialect (Kalis Maloh) may be a distinct language.
Mohun Bagan cricket team
Mohun Bagan cricket team is an Indian professional cricket team based in Kolkata, West Bengal. It participates in various tournaments of varying age groups conducted by the Cricket Association of Bengal. The date of foundation of the cricket section is debatable but there have been mentions of the club having a cricket team from as far back as 1922. Currently the team participates in the CAB First Division League, CAB Senior Knockout, CAB Super League, Bengal T20 League and JC Mukherjee Trophy. The team plays its home matches mostly at the Eden Gardens. They have won over 110 major state-level trophies so far. In past many big names like Sourav Ganguly, Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli, MS Dhoni and even Sri Lankan player Chaminda Vaas had played for this legendary club.

Cricket Association of Bengal
The Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) is the governing body for cricket in the Indian state of West Bengal. It owns the Eden Gardens stadium in Kolkata, where its headquarters are located. CAB is a full member of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and organises various events in West Bengal. It manages the Bengal cricket team, which has competed in domestic tournaments since 1935 and plays its home matches at Eden Gardens.
111 George Street
111 George Street is a building on George Street in the Brisbane CBD, Queensland, Australia which was completed in 1993. The building is owned, managed and occupied by the Queensland Government. With its repetitive grill pattern, it is sometimes colloquially referred to as the 'cheese grater'. A sister project known as 33 Charlotte Street was later built on the adjoining site, and has a very similar façade. This smaller building is 75 m high and was completed in September 2004.

As with all Queensland Government assets, the Department of Housing and Public Works manages the building on a day-to-day basis.

1 William Street, Brisbane
1 William Street (colloquially known as the Tower of Power) is a skyscraper in William Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. At 267 metres (876 ft), it is the third-tallest building in the city and 9th-tallest building in Australia as of 2025. The modernist office building is located in the Brisbane CBD, and in close proximity to the neighbouring Parliament House. The building was developed for the Queensland Government as part of its plan for a renewed Government Administrative Precinct and to meet accommodation demands. It was completed in October 2016 with over 5,000 government staff moving in over six weekends.