hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Γ-Nonalactone
γ-Nonalactone is an organic compound with the formula cyclo-O=COCHRCH2CH2.  It is a weakly volatile liquid that is colorless when pure, but typical samples are not.  It is one of several gamma lactones.  Most have fruity scents and several are used commercially.

Γ-Lactone
γ-Lactones are a family of organic compounds with the formula cyclo-O=COCHRCH2CH2.  The parent member is γ-butyrolactone (R = H).  A commercially important set of γ-lactones are derived from the free radical addition of fatty alcohols and acrylic acid.  They are all weakly volatile liquids, which are colorless when pure, but typical samples are not.
Fixed-term Employees (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2002
The Fixed-term Employees (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/2034) are a UK statutory instrument aimed at protecting employees who have fixed-term contracts of employment. The regulations are in part intended to implement the European Union's Fixed-term Work Directive 1999 (99/70/EC) on fixed term workers.

They came into effect on 1 October 2002.

Statutory instrument (UK)
A statutory instrument (SI) is the principal form in which delegated legislation is made in the United Kingdom.

Statutory instruments are governed by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946. They replaced statutory rules and orders, made under the Rules Publication Act 1893, in 1948.

Most delegated legislation in Great Britain is made in the form of a statutory instrument (in Northern Ireland, delegated legislation is organised into statutory rules, rather than statutory instruments.) The advent of devolution in 1999 resulted in many powers to make statutory instruments being transferred to the Scottish and Welsh governments, and oversight to the Scottish Parliament and Senedd. Instruments made by the Scottish Government are now classed separately as Scottish statutory instruments. Instruments made by the Welsh Government are now classed separately as Welsh statutory instruments.
Lorenzo Bernardi
Lorenzo Bernardi (born 11 August 1968) is an Italian professional volleyball coach and former player, a silver medallist at the Olympic Games Atlanta 1996, two–time World Champion (1990, 1994), and a two–time European Champion (1989, 1995).

Bernardi was elected the best player of the 1994 World Championship and 1995 European Championship, and in 2001, the FIVB declared him to be the "Volleyball Player of the Century" with Karch Kiraly.

Modena Volley
Modena Volley is a professional volleyball team based in Modena, Italy.  It has played in the highest level of the Italian Volleyball League without interruption since 1968. It is the most successful Italian club, having won both the national league and the national cup twelve times each. The club is one of the most prominent and prestigious in Europe too, having won thirteen European trophies including four CEV Champions League.
Charlwood Lawton
Charlwood Lawton (17 February 1659 – 12 June 1721) was an English lawyer and phrase-making pamphleteer, a Whig of  Jacobite views. He invented the term "Whiggish Jacobite", used to point out the difference between those who shared his opinions (who included Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet and Robert Ferguson), and the nonjuror faction. After the Battle of La Hogue of 1692, the exiled James II of England became more receptive to Lawton's range of arguments. Lawton promoted "civil comprehension", i.e. the removal of all religious tests for the holding of public office. He was a prolific author of subversive literature, to whom some uncertain attributions are made. He is credited with the concept that the Glorious Revolution was a constitutional charade that fell short of its ideals.

John Somers, 1st Baron Somers
John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, PC, FRS (4 March 1651 – 26 April 1716) was an English jurist, Whig statesman and peer. Somers first came to national attention in the trial of the Seven Bishops where he was on their defence counsel. He published tracts on political topics such as the succession to the crown, where he elaborated his Whig principles in support of the Exclusionists. He played a leading part in shaping the Revolution settlement. He was Lord High Chancellor of England under King William III and was a chief architect of the union between England and Scotland achieved in 1707 and the Protestant succession achieved in 1714. He was a leading Whig during the twenty-five years after 1688; with four colleagues he formed the Whig Junto.
Forrest Whitley
Charles Forrest Whitley (born September 15, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros and Tampa Bay Rays.

Florida Complex League Astros
The Florida Complex League Astros are a Rookie-level affiliate of the Houston Astros, competing in the Florida Complex League of Minor League Baseball. Prior to the 2021 season, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Astros. The team plays its home games in West Palm Beach, Florida, at the FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and other countries.
Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence
In mathematics, in the field of algebraic topology, the Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence addresses the calculation of the homology groups of a pullback over a fibration. The spectral sequence formulates the calculation from knowledge of the homology of the remaining spaces. Samuel Eilenberg and John C. Moore's original paper addresses this for singular homology.

Brooke Shipley
Brooke Elizabeth Shipley is an American mathematician. She works as a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she was head of the Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science from 2014 to 2022. Her research concerns homotopy theory and homological algebra.
Dumont Dunes
Dumont Dunes is an area of the Mojave Desert containing large sand dunes, located approximately 31 miles north of Baker, California on California State Route 127. Bordered by steep volcanic hills and the slow running Amargosa River, the region is easily recognized from a distance by its distinctive sand dunes. The elevation here varies from 700 feet, at the river,  to 1200 feet at the top of Competition Hill, the tallest of the dunes.

Most of the dunes are incorporated in the Dumont Dunes Off-Highway Vehicle Area, which is administered by the Bureau of Land Management as a recreational area for off-road vehicle sports, hiking, camping, rock climbing, and rock collecting.

California State Route 127
State Route 127 (SR 127) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that connects Interstate 15 in Baker to Nevada State Route 373 at the Nevada state line, passing near the eastern boundary of Death Valley National Park. The entire length of the highway closely follows the central portion of the former Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad and loosely follows the Amargosa River.
Eliza Townsend (politician)
Elizabeth 'Eliza' Townsend is an American politician from Maine. A Democrat from Portland, Townsend was elected to the Maine House of Representatives for four consecutive terms between 1992 and 2000. After leaving office, she became the executive director of the Maine League for Conservation Voters. During the governorship of fellow Democrat John Baldacci, Townsend served as Commissioner of the Maine Department of Conservation. Since 2011, Townsend has served as Executive Director of the Maine Women's Lobby.

In 2019, Townsend endorsed incumbent Portland mayor Ethan Strimling for re-election but Strimling finished in third place.

John Baldacci
John Elias Baldacci (born January 30, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 73rd governor of Maine from 2003 to 2011. A Democrat, he also served in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003 and in the Maine Senate from 1982 to 1994.

During his tenure as governor, Baldacci initiated reforms in the areas of health care, energy development, administrative reform and efficiency, public education, and led significant efforts to expand investment in workforce training and development.  During his four terms in the U.S. Congress, he served on the Agriculture Committee and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.  He currently serves as vice chair of the board of the non-partisan Northeast-Midwest Institute, a Washington-based, private, nonprofit, and nonpartisan research organization dedicated to economic vitality, environmental quality, and regional equity for Northeast and Midwest states.
Ruardean Hill
Ruardean Hill is a prominent hill and a village in the English county of Gloucestershire, 20 km (12 mi) west of Gloucester. It lies in the Forest of Dean, in the parish of Drybrook.

The southern slopes are wooded and are part of the northern edge of the Forest of Dean. The hill forms part of a low range of hills separating the River Severn from the River Wye. The hill's summit is the highest point in the Forest of Dean.  A mostly friendly community, there is a local post office and village shop in neighbouring Ruardean Woodside. The village and surrounding areas are well served by Ruardean Hill Sports and Social Club.

River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.
Vanuatu Council of Trade Unions
The Vanuatu Council of Trade Unions (VCTU), in French Conseil des syndicats de Vanuatu, is the sole national trade union center in Vanuatu. It was founded in 1985 and all five unions in Vanuatu are affiliated to it. Membership has declined since 1994, when bitter strikes and conflict with the Maxime Carlot Korman government resulted in wholesale dismissals and new anti-strike legislation.

The VCTU is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation.

International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; French: Confédération syndicale international, CSI; German: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB; Spanish: Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI) is the world's largest trade union federation.
Men's movement
The men's movement is a social movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, primarily in Western countries, which consists of groups and organizations of men and their allies who focus on gender issues and whose activities range from self-help and support to lobbying and activism.

The men's movement is made up of several movements that have differing and often antithetical goals. Major components of the men's movement include the men's liberation movement, masculinism, profeminist men's movement, herbivore men's movement, mythopoetic men's movement, men's rights movement, and the Christian men's movement, most notably represented by the Promise Keepers.

Men's liberation movement
The men's liberation movement is a social movement critical of the restraints which society imposes on men. Men's liberation activists are generally sympathetic to feminist standpoints.

The men's liberation movement is not to be confused with different movements such as the men's rights movement in which some argue that modern feminism has gone too far and additional attention should be placed on men's rights. The men's liberation movement stresses the negative aspects of "traditional" masculinity, whereas the men's rights movement is largely about perceived unequal or unfair treatment of men by modern institutions because of, or in spite of, those traits ubiquitous to traditional masculinity. The men's liberation movement additionally aims to liberate men from stereotypes and attitudes that prevent them from expressing their emotions in a healthy manner.
Airplay
Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.

Pay-to-play
Pay-to-play (P2P), sometimes called pay-for-play, is situation in which money is exchanged for services or the privilege to engage in certain activities. The common denominator of all forms of pay-to-play is that one must pay to "get in the game", with the sports analogy frequently arising.
Sewards End
Sewards End is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the centre of Saffron Walden, its post town. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 531.

Sewards End was historically part of the parish of Saffron Walden. It became a separate parish in 2004. The parish has 23 listed buildings.

Uttlesford
Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in the town of Saffron Walden. The district also includes the town of Great Dunmow and numerous villages, including Stansted Mountfitchet, Takeley, Elsenham,  Thaxted, and Newport. The district covers a largely rural area in the north-west of Essex. London Stansted Airport lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Braintree, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire and South Cambridgeshire.
Ganj Khwaja railway station
Ganj Khawaja railway station is a railway station situated on the Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section under East Central Railway zone. It is located at Grand Trunk Road, Revasa in Chandauli district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section
The Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section, formerly Gaya–Mughalsarai section , is a railway line connecting Gaya Junction and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction. This 197-kilometre (122 mi) track is part of the Grand Chord, Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. This section includes Arrah-Sasaram and Son Nagar branch lines. It is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.
2024 Burnie International II
The 2024 Burnie International II was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 20th (men) and 14th (women) editions of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Burnie, Australia between 5 and 11 February 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Juxtlahuaca
Juxtlahuaca (Spanish pronunciation: [xuʃtlaˈwaka]), or Xiuxtlahuaca (Nahuatl pronunciation: [ʃjuʃtɬaˈwaka]), is a cave and archaeological site in the Mexican state of Guerrero containing murals linked to the Olmec motifs and iconography. Along with the nearby Oxtotitlán cave, Juxtlahuaca walls contain the earliest sophisticated painted art known in Mesoamerica, and only known example of non-Maya deep cave art in Mesoamerica.

Michael D. Coe
Michael Douglas Coe (May 14, 1929 – September 25, 2019) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, epigrapher, and author. He is known for his research on pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, particularly the Maya, and was among the foremost Mayanists of the late twentieth century. He specialised in comparative studies of ancient tropical forest civilizations, such as those of Central America and Southeast Asia. He held the chair of Charles J. MacCurdy Professor of Anthropology, Emeritus, Yale University, and was curator emeritus of the Anthropology collection in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, where he had been curator from 1968 to 1994.

Coe authored a number of popular works for the non-specialist audience, several of which were best-selling and much reprinted, such as The Maya (1966) and Breaking the Maya Code (1992). With Rex Koontz, he co-authored the book Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs, published in 1962.
Treatise on Man
The Treatise on Man (French: L'Homme) is an unfinished treatise by René Descartes written in the 1630s and published posthumously, firstly in 1662 in Latin, then in 1664 in French by Claude Clerselier. The 1664 edition is accompanied by a short text, The Description of the Human Body and All Its Functions (La description du corps humain et de toutes ses fonctions), also known as the Treatise on the Formation of the Foetus (Traité de la formation du fœtus), the remarks of Louis La Forge and the translated preface from the Latin edition by Florent Schuyl.

The book in part focuses on Descartes' views on human physiology. It covers the topics of digestion, nutrition, respiration, blood circulation,  nerves, muscles, and tendons.

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Scott Backes
Scott Backes (born 1957) is an American mountaineer. Backes has been called "one of the leading alpine mountain climbers in the United States." He was born in 1957 and has lived most of his life in Minnesota.

Backes started climbing in 1975.   He climbs in the Alpine style, light and fast. Through the years Backes has done many extreme climbs including first ascents in the Alps, Patagonia, the Bolivian Andes, and the Alaska Range. His climbing partners include many notable mountaineers, such as Mark Twight, Steve House, Barry Blanchard, and Michael Kennedy.

Michael Kennedy (climber)
Michael Kennedy is an American rock climber, alpinist, photographer, writer and editor.

From 1974 to 1998 he was the editor of Climbing magazine, an American climbing magazine.  In March 2009, he took the position of Editor-in-Chief of Alpinist magazine.
His son Hayden Kennedy, also a renowned climber, died in October 2017.
Henderson County Courthouse (Texas)
The Henderson County Courthouse, built in 1913, is an historic 3-story redbrick Classical Revival style courthouse building with full basement located  at 100 East Tyler Street in Athens, Texas. The courthouse has been designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark since 2002. Designed by L. L. Thurman, who also previously designed the Jeff Davis County Courthouse in Fort Davis, it is unusual for its angled wings. It also has a central cupola which is not seen in most images, but there is no rotunda under the cupola. It is Henderson County's fourth courthouse and the second in Athens. The first one was built in 1850 in Buffalo, now a ghost town,  and the second was built in 1861 in Centerville, which is also a ghost town today.  The third courthouse was built in Athens in 1887.

Athens, Texas
Athens is a city and the county seat of Henderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 12,857. The city has called itself the "Black-Eyed Pea Capital of the World." Athens was selected as one of the first "Certified Retirement Communities" in Texas. Athens was incorporated in 1856 and was named after Athens, the capital of Greece.
Canadian Science Publishing
Canadian Science Publishing (CSP) is Canada's largest publisher of international scientific journals. It started in 1929 as the NRC Research Press, part of the National Research Council (NRC). In 2010, the organization spun off from NRC and was incorporated as a not-for-profit.

As of 2025, CSP has published about 2,500 articles annually in 25 journals distributed to over 125 countries. CSP has 60 staff members, and, according to the website Owler, its annual revenue is about US$3.7M. All of CSP's journals are produced and delivered in both HTML and PDF formats, is connected to scientific literature, included in all major indexes, and archived through both CLOCKSS and Portico.

Ithaka Harbors
Ithaka Harbors, Inc. is an American not-for-profit, the parent company of digital library website JSTOR, the digital preservation service Portico, and the research and consulting group Ithaka S+R. Its stated mission is to "help the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways". Ithaka was founded in 2003 by Kevin M. Guthrie. Ithaka's total revenue was $105 million in 2019, most of it ($79 million) from JSTOR service fees.
Phil Lyne
Phil Lyne (born January 18, 1947) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who competed in the Rodeo Cowboys Association (RCA)/Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). He was the RCA Rookie of the Year in 1969. Two seasons later at the National Finals Rodeo (NFR), in 1971, he won the all-around cowboy world championship and the tie-down roping world championship. At the NFR in 1972, he repeated as the all-around world champion cowboy and added a second tie-down roping world championship. Lyne won his first and only steer roping world championship at the National Finals Steer Roping (NFSR) in 1990.

Calf roping
Calf roping, also known as tie-down roping in the United States and Canada and rope and tie in Australia and New Zealand, is a rodeo event that features a calf and a rider mounted on a horse. The goal of this timed event is for the rider to catch the calf by throwing a loop of rope from a lariat around its neck, dismount from the horse, run to the calf, and restrain it by tying three legs together, in as short a time as possible.  A variant on the sport, with fewer animal welfare controversies, is breakaway roping, where the calf is roped, but not tied.
Bắc Kạn
Bắc Kạn (listenⓘ) is the capital of Bắc Kạn Province, Vietnam. The province's only city, it is bordered by Bạch Thông District to the north, north-east and west and Chợ Mới District to the south-east and south-west. Bắc Kạn is 160 kilometers away from Ha Noi.

As of 2019 it had a population of 45,036 people. The town traces its origins to a fort established in 1880 and upgraded to city on 11 March 2015. It is divided into six wards: Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, Đức Xuân, Sông Cầu, Phùng Chí Kiên, Huyền Tụng and Xuất Hóa and 2 communes: Dương Quang, Nông Thượng.

Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên
Bắc Kạn is an urban ward (phường) of Thái Nguyên Province, in Vietnam.

In June 2025, Bắc Kạn Ward was established through the merger of the entire natural area and population of Sông Cầu Ward (natural area: 3.96 km²; population: 10,192), Phùng Chí Kiên Ward (natural area: 3.34 km²; population: 8,016), Nông Thượng Commune (natural area: 22.08 km²; population: 3,811), and Xuất Hóa Ward (natural area: 42.63 km²; population: 3,368) of Bắc Kạn City.