hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adhesion
Adhesion is the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another. (Cohesion refers to the tendency of similar or identical particles and surfaces to cling to one another.)

The forces that cause adhesion and cohesion can be divided into several types. The intermolecular forces responsible for the function of various kinds of stickers and sticky tape fall into the categories of chemical adhesion, dispersive adhesion, and diffusive adhesion. In addition to the cumulative magnitudes of these intermolecular forces, there are also certain emergent mechanical effects.

Polydimethylsiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), also known as dimethylpolysiloxane or dimethicone, is a silicone polymer with a wide variety of uses, from cosmetics to industrial lubrication and passive daytime radiative cooling.

PDMS is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties. It is optically clear and, in general, inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable. It is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane). The applications of PDMS range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers; it is also present in shampoos (as it makes hair shiny and slippery), food (antifoaming agent), caulk, lubricants and heat-resistant tiles.
Woltersdorf, Saxony-Anhalt
Woltersdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔltɐsˌdɔʁf]) is a village and a former municipality in the Jerichower Land district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Biederitz.

Jerichower Land
Jerichower Land (German pronunciation: [ˈjeːʁɪçoːɐ ˈlant], lit. 'Jerichow Land') is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its neighbouring administrative units are (clockwise from the south): the districts of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Salzlandkreis, the city of Magdeburg, the districts of Börde, Stendal, Havelland and Potsdam-Mittelmark in Brandenburg.
Blood Donation Badge of Honor
The Blood Donation Badge of Honor (German: Blutspendeehrennadel) is a German award presented by the German Red Cross and by the Blood donation service of the Bundeswehr for voluntary unpaid blood donations.

German Red Cross
The German Red Cross (GRC) (German: Deutsches Rotes Kreuz [ˈdɔʏtʃəs ˈʁoːtəs ˈkʁɔʏts] ⓘ; DRK) is the national Red Cross Society in Germany.

With 4 million members, it is the third largest Red Cross society in the world. The German Red Cross offers a wide range of services within and outside Germany. GRC provides 52 hospitals, elderly care (over 500 nursing homes and a mobile nursing care network covering the entire country), care for children and youth (i.e., 1,300 kindergartens, a full range of social services for children). GRC also provides 75% of the blood supply and 60% of the emergency medical services in Germany, as well as first aid training. GRC headquarters provides international humanitarian aid (disaster management and development assistance) to over 50 countries across the world.
12th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film
The 12th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film was held from March 1–5, 2007, in Suzdal, Russia.  The winners for the main award categories were announced on March 4.  The jury consisted of 33 professionals in professions related to animation.  The Encyclopedia of Domestic Animation, the first attempt to cover the full history of Russian and Soviet animation, was premiered at the festival.

Open Russian Festival of Animated Films
The Open Russian Festival of Animated Films (Russian: Откры́тый Росси́йский Фестива́ль Анимацио́нного Кино́), also known as "Suzdalfest" ({langx|ru|"Суздальфест"}}}}, is an annual animation film festival held in Suzdal, Russia. It is devoted to professional appraisal of domestic Russian animation. The festival takes place in late winter or early spring (in 2007 it was on the first five days of March) and accepts only animated films from the Russian Federation and (after a 1999 referendum) from Belarus made in the last three years.
Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway
The Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway or Jingxiong intercity railway (Chinese: 京雄城际铁路; pinyin: Jīng-Xióng chéngjì tiělù) is a high-speed rail that connects Beijing and Xiong'an.

It is one of two lines connecting the urban area of Beijing to the Beijing Daxing International Airport. The other line is the Daxing Airport Express of the Beijing Subway.

Beijing West railway station
Beijingxi (Beijing West) railway station (Chinese: 北京西站; pinyin: Běijīngxī Zhàn), colloquially referred to as West Station (Chinese: 西客站), is located in western Beijing's Fengtai District. Opened in early 1996 after three years of construction, it was the largest railway station in Asia with an area of 510,000 m2 (5,500,000 sq ft), before being surpassed by Shanghai Hongqiao railway station in platform capacity. The station serves in average 150,000–180,000 passengers per day with a maximum of 400,000 people per day. It was expanded during the 2000s decade, during which several platforms were added. It also has a fairly large number of car-parking spaces.
Karelian question
The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over the section of Karelia ceded to the Soviet Union in the Moscow Peace Treaty. Despite the name "Karelian question", the term may refer also to the return of Petsamo (ceded in the Moscow Armistice), ceded parts of Salla and Kuusamo, and four islands in the Gulf of Finland. Sometimes the phrase "debate on the return of the ceded territories" (luovutettujen alueiden palautuskeskustelu, Swedish: debatten om tillbakalämningen av de avträdda territorierna) is used. The Karelian question remains a matter of public debate rather than a political issue.

Karelia
Karelia (/kəˈriːliə, kəˈriːljə/; Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Livvi: Karjal; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is divided between northwestern Russia (the federal subjects of the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast) and Finland (the regions of South Karelia, North Karelia, and the eastern portion of Kymenlaakso).
Recovery boiler
Recovery boiler is the part of kraft process of pulping where chemicals for white liquor are recovered and reformed from black liquor, which contains lignin from previously processed wood. The black liquor is burned, generating heat, which is usually used in the process of making electricity, much as in a conventional steam power plant. The invention of the recovery boiler by G.H. Tomlinson in the early 1930s was a milestone in the advancement of the kraft process.

Recovery boilers are also used in the (less common) sulfite process of wood pulping; this article deals only with recovery boiler use in the kraft process.

White liquor
White liquor is a strongly alkaline solution composed mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. It is used in the first stage of the Kraft process in which lignin and hemicellulose are separated from cellulose fiber for the production of pulp. The white liquor breaks the bonds between lignin and cellulose. It is called white liquor due to its white opaque colour.
Brandon Grotesque
Brandon Grotesque is a sans-serif typeface designed by Hannes von Döhren of HVD Fonts during 2009 and 2010. Spacing and kerning was done by Igino Marini of iKern. The typeface includes Thin, Light, Regular, Medium, Bold and Black weights. Italic versions were also made available for each weight.

The typeface can be classified as a geometric sans-serif, heavily inspired by the typefaces of same classification during the 1920s and 1930s (e.g. Kabel and Futura). It was designed to appear elegant through having a low x-height, a less common characteristic for sans-serif fonts.

In 2014, von Döhren released Brandon Text, a tighter version intended for body text.

Kabel (typeface)
Kabel is a geometric sans-serif typeface designed by Rudolf Koch and released by the Klingspor foundry in 1927.

Kabel belongs to the "geometric" style of sans-serifs, which was becoming popular in Germany during its creation. Based loosely on the structure of the circle and straight lines, it nonetheless applies a number of unusual design decisions, such as a delicately-low x-height (although larger in the bold weight), a tilted 'e' and irregularly-angled terminals, to add delicacy and an irregularity that suggests stylish calligraphy of which Koch was an expert. A variety of rereleases and digitisations have been created.
Heal Ghana
Heal Ghana is a module of NABCO which is an initiative set up by the government of Ghana to address the graduate unemployment in the country. The module is to provide opportunity to graduates of the health space in the country.

Government of Ghana
The Government of Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy, followed by alternating military and civilian governments in Ghana. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage.
Hansie Graaff
Johannes Petrus Jacobus 'Hansie' Graaff (born 10 September 1989 in Pretoria) is a South African rugby union player for Bayonne in the Top 14 in France. He is a utility back that can play as a fly-half, centre, winger or full-back.He is currently with Naka bulls as a no 10 ,where they won the gold cup 3 years in a row.

2012 Varsity Rugby
The 2012 Varsity Cup was contested from 6 February to 9 April 2012. The tournament (also known as the FNB Varsity Cup presented by Steinhoff International for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth season of the Varsity Cup, an annual inter-university rugby union competition featuring eight South African universities.

The tournament was won by UP Tuks for the first time; they beat Maties 29–21 in the final played on 9 April 2012. TUT Vikings were automatically relegated to the second-tier Varsity Shield competition for 2013, but UCT Ikey Tigers won their relegation play-off match against CUT Ixias to remain in the Varsity Cup for 2013.
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
Following are lists of members of the Western Australian Legislative Council:

Prior to responsible government:

1832–1870

1870–1872

1872–1874

1874–1880

1880–1884

1884–1889

1889–1890

1890–1894

After responsible government:

Under the proportional representation constituency system:

1989–1993

1993–1997

1997–2001

2001–2005

2005–2009

2009–2013

2013–2017

2017–2021

2021–2025

Under the proportional representation state-wide constituency system:

2025–2029

Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council, 2017–2021
This is a list of members of the Western Australian Legislative Council elected to serve a term between 22 May 2017 and 21 May 2021.

1  East Metropolitan One Nation MLC Charles Smith resigned from the party on 11 June 2019.
Bandel–Howrah Local
Bandel–Howrah Local (/bændɛl hˈaʊrɑː/ bæn-del hau-rah) is a commuter passenger train of Kolkata Suburban Railway belonging to Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It runs between Bandel Junction and Howrah on a daily basis. It is usually the busiest and most crowded train operating from Bandel. The ticket for this train from Bandel Junction is 10 rupees.

It runs multiple times from Bandel and Howrah, usually 25 or more times in a day. It goes through 15 stations and stops at each one before reaching its destination. The train takes 1 hours and 3 minutes on average to get to Howrah. Bandel–Howrah Locals cross Hooghly District to reach Howrah in Howrah District. Bally is the first station in Howrah District in the Howrah–Barddhaman main line, Uttarpara is the last station to be in Hooghly District in the same line.

Indian Railways organisational structure
Indian Railways is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It is headed by a Railway Board whose chairman reports to the Ministry of Railways. It is organized into separate functional groups or verticals while divided into 19 operational zones geographically. Each zone, headed by a General Manager, is semi-autonomous thus creating a matrix organization where the functional branches are under dual control.
Godogani, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Godogani (Georgian: გოდოგანი) is a village in Martvili Municipality, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, in western Georgia. It is located on the Odishi-Guria plain, on the left bank of the river Ochkhomuri, 25 km (16 mi) from Martvili.

Martvili
Martvili (Georgian: მარტვილი) is a small town in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti province of Western Georgia. Its monastery was Samegrelo's clerical centre in the Middle Ages. Under Soviet rule, from 1936 to 1990, it was named Gegechkori after Sasha Gegechkori, an Old Bolshevik.
Jim Bertelsen
James Allen Bertelsen (February 26, 1950 – May 7, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a running back for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Los Angeles Rams. He played college football for the Texas Longhorns and was selected by the Rams in the second round of the 1972 NFL draft.

Steve Worster
Steven Clark Worster (July 8, 1949 – August 13, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a fullback for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Following his prep career in Texas, he played college football for the Texas Longhorns under coach Darrell Royal. A two-time All-American, Worster was the inspiration for the team's wishbone formation, and won two national championships with the Longhorns.
Jay Riemersma
Allen Jay Riemersma (born May 17, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college basketball for the Michigan Wolverines from 1994 to 1995.  He played nine seasons in the NFL for the Buffalo Bills from 1996 to 2002 and Pittsburgh Steelers from 2003 to 2004. In 2007, he accepted a position as the regional director of the Family Research Council.  He announced his candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives in September 2009.

Amani Toomer
Amani Askari Toomer (born September 8, 1974) is an American former professional football player who spent his entire career as a wide receiver and punt returner for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He registered over 1,000 receiving yards each season from 1999 to 2003, was a member of the 2007 Giants team that won Super Bowl XLII, and holds Giants' club records with 9,497 receiving yards, 668 receptions, and 54 receiving touchdowns. He also returned 109 punts for 1,060 yards and three touchdowns.  As a rookie in 1996, he led the NFL with an average of 16.6 yards on 18 punt returns.

Toomer played college football for the Michigan Wolverines from 1992 to 1995. In 1994, he broke the school's single-season record with 1,096 receiving yards and was a finalist for the Biletnikoff Award and a first-team All-Big Ten honoree. Toomer finished his college career ranked second (now fourth) in Michigan history with 2,657 receiving yards.
Colleen McClung
Colleen Ann McClung is an American chronobiologist and neuroscientist. She is a tenured professor at the University of Pittsburgh, the director of the NIDA-funded Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms and Sleep (CARRS), and a fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

Brain & Behavior Research Foundation
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (BBRF) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that funds mental health research. It was originally called the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia & Depression, or NARSAD. It received its nonprofit ruling in 1981.
Religion in the Punjab
Religion in the Punjab in ancient history was characterized by Hinduism and later conversions to Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity; it also includes folk practices common to all Punjabis regardless of the religion they adhere to. Such practices incorporate local mysticism, including ancestral worship and worship of local saints of all faiths.

Punjabi Muslims
Punjabi Muslims (Punjabi: پن٘جابی مُسلمان) are Punjabis who are adherents of Islam. With a population of more than 112 million, they are the third-largest predominantly Islam-adhering Muslim ethnicity in the world, after Arabs and Bengalis.

The majority of Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Sunni Islam, while a minority adhere to Shia Islam. Most of them are primarily geographically native to the Pakistani province of Punjab, but a large group of them have ancestry across the Punjab region as a whole. Punjabi Muslims speak or identify with the Punjabi language (under a Perso-Arabic script known as Shahmukhi) as their mother tongue.
Lady Edith Foxwell
Lady Edith Foxwell (born Edith Sybil Lambart; 11 June 1918 –  31 March 1996) was a British socialite and eccentric known as "The Queen of London Cafe Society" and as the "Disco Dowager", in the 1970s and early 1980s. In 1981, she became an investor in London's Embassy Club, where celebrities mixed with the aristocracy.

Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll
Ethel Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll (née Whigham, formerly Sweeny; 1 December 1912 – 25 July 1993) was a Scottish heiress, socialite and aristocrat who was most famous for her 1951 marriage and much-publicised 1963 divorce from her second husband, Ian Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll.
Correctional psychology
Correctional psychology is the application of basic and applied psychological science or scientifically-oriented professional practice to the justice system to enable the proper classification, treatment, and management of offenders. Its goal is to reduce the risk of offender misconduct and thus to improve public safety.

Other objectives of correctional psychology include contributing to the safety and well-being of staff and offenders by meeting standards of care for mentally ill individuals, reducing conflict, and creating, monitoring, and providing treatment and rehabilitation programs.

Rehabilitation (penology)
Rehabilitation is the process of re-educating criminal offenders and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address the underlying root causes of crime in order to prevent recidivism once inmates are released from prison. It generally involves psychological approaches which target the cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime committed by individual offenders, but it may also entail more general education like reading skills and career training.
Westerbroek railway stop
Westerbroek (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɛstərˌbruk]; abbreviation: Wte) was a railway stop (Dutch: stopplaats) in the village of Westerbroek in the Netherlands. It was situated on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between the railway stations of Groningen and Kropswolde. Train services started on 1 January 1905 and were operated by the Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (Company for Exploitation of State Railways). The railway stop was closed on 22 May 1932.

Kropswolde railway station
Kropswolde (Dutch pronunciation: [krɔpsˈʋɔldə]; abbreviation: Kw) is an unstaffed railway station in Foxhol near Kropswolde in the Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 May 1868 and is located on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Groningen Europapark and Martenshoek in the province of Groningen. Train services are operated by Arriva.
Toxic Crusaders (1992 video game)
Toxic Crusaders refers to three separate side-scrolling video games released in 1992 which are all based on the American cartoon series Toxic Crusaders (1991) and Troma Entertainment's 1984 film The Toxic Avenger.  The Nintendo Entertainment System version was developed by Tose, the Game Boy version by Realtime Associates, and the Genesis/Mega Drive version by Infogrames. A Super NES version was planned by Bandai, but it was not released.

A new Toxic Crusaders video game was announced in 2023, and is scheduled for release on December 4, 2025.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
Jürgen von Farensbach
Jürgen von Farensbach  (1551–1602) (Russian: Юрий Францбек, Danish: Georg  Farensbach, Polish: Jerzy Farensbach) was a Baltic German nobleman and Livonian general. Sent as the Ambassador of Livonian Confederation to Czar Ivan IV of Russia, for concluding a peace treaty, he entered the Russian service and won the battle on Oka against the Tatars on 1 August 1572. Later he served in the Danish and Polish armies.
In 1586 Farensbach gained the rank a senator of the Polish crown granted by Sigismund III, whom he had assisted in gaining the throne of Poland. As field marshal of Poland he fought against the Swedish Empire, where he was killed in the attack on the castle of Fellin on 17 May 1602.

Baltic knighthoods
Baltic Noble Corporations of Courland, Livonia, Estonia, and Ösel (German: Oesel) were medieval fiefdoms formed by German nobles in the 13th century under vassalage to the Holy Roman Empire and Kingdom of Denmark in the area of modern Latvia and Estonia. The territories continued to have semi-autonomous status from 16th to early 20th century under Swedish and Russian rule.

The four knighthoods are united in the Verband der Baltischen Ritterschaften. e.V. ("Association of Baltic Noble Corporations")
32. Gün
32. Gün (English: 32nd Day) was a Turkish national and international television news show. Launched in 1985 by Mehmet Ali Birand, it was Turkey's longest-running and one of the most influential news programmes. The show was originally aired on state-owned TRT 1 (1985–1992), then moved on to private television channels.

Contributors to 32. Gün include: Coşkun Aral, Mithat Bereket, Ali Kırca, Cenk Başlamış, Ahmet Sever, Bülent Çaplı, Rıdvan Akar, Cüneyt Özdemir, Can Dündar, Metin Çorabatır, Çiğdem Anad, Deniz Arman, Ayfer Dedekorkut, Serdar Akinan, Kerem Şenel, and Utku Başar.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.