hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vallelunga Circuit
The Autodromo di Vallelunga Piero Taruffi is a racing circuit situated 32-kilometre (20 mi) north of Rome, Italy, near Vallelunga of Campagnano. Vallelunga was built as a 1.773 km (1.102 mi) sand oval in 1951.

Ferrari Challenge
The Ferrari Challenge is a single-marque motorsport championship that was created in 1993, initially catering to owners of the 348 Challenge who wanted to race their cars. The first European season took place in 1993, with a North American series added in 1994. It now encompasses five official series in Europe, North America, Japan, The United Kingdom & Australasia. Competitors from each series are brought together at the annual World Finals (Finali Mondiali) event.

In the course of more than 30 years of history, the one-make championship has featured nine cars from the Maranello marque: the 348 Challenge, F355 Challenge, 360 Challenge, F430 Challenge, 458 Challenge, 458 Challenge Evo, 488 Challenge, 488 Challenge Evo and currently the 296 Challenge.
2020 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 2020 Tirreno–Adriatico was a road cycling stage race that was originally scheduled to take place between 11 and 17 March 2020 in Italy. On 6 March 2020, it was postponed due to COVID-19 concerns in Italy and rescheduled to 7 to 14 September. It was the 55th edition of Tirreno–Adriatico and part of the 2020 UCI World Tour.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.
Hans Gildemeister
Hans Gildemeister Bohner (born Juan Pedro Gildemeister Bohner on 9 February 1956), is a Chilean former tennis player of German ancestry, who won four singles and 23 doubles titles during his professional career.  The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP ranking on 22 February 1980, when he became world No. 12.

He is a former captain of the Chilean Davis Cup team.

German Chileans
German Chileans (Spanish: germanochilenos; German: Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chileans descended from German immigrants, about 30,000 of whom arrived in Chile between 1846 and 1914. Most of these were from traditionally Catholic Bavaria, Baden and the Rhineland, and also from Bohemia in the present-day Czech Republic; even included were Alsatians and Poles through Partitions of Poland. A smaller number of Lutherans immigrated to Chile following the failed revolutions of 1848.

From the middle of the 19th century to the present, they have played a significant role in the economic, political and cultural development of the Chilean nation. The 19th-century immigrants settled chiefly in Chile's Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions in the so-called Zona Sur of Chile, including the Chilean lake district.
Nokia 6600 fold
The Nokia 6600 fold was a clamshell-style mobile phone made by Nokia, and announced on 28 April 2008. The phone ran the Series 40 5th Edition platform and supported the 3G standard.

The phone had an external OLED display that brought up a clock and other information by double tapping, as also seen on Nokia 8800 Arte. Similarly to the Nokia 6131/6126, it had a flip opener mechanism with the key on the right hand side of the device.

The Nokia 6600 fold had a "sleek", metal construction with external mirror. It was sold in three color variants: blue, black (Mysterious Black) and purple (Sophisticated Purple). The Nokia 6600 slide shares the same design language but in a slider form.

Nokia 6131
The Nokia 6131/6133 is a clamshell cell phone introduced by Nokia on 13 February 2006. The Nokia 6131 has improvements over its predecessor, the Nokia 6101, as such, native USB connectivity (only CA-53 cable or compatible is supported), Bluetooth in addition to IrDA connectivity, SVGA vs. VGA camera.

The Nokia 6131 NFC variant was Nokia's first telephone with NFC, but not the world's first. The Panasonic P506iC with integrated FeliCa NFC was launched on NTT Docomo in 2004, starting the mobile Osaifu-Keitai (Mobile Wallet) service.

It was succeeded by the Nokia 6290 which was released in March 2007.
Kuggen
Kuggen (Swedish for 'the (cogwheel) cog') is a building owned by real estate company Chalmersfastigheter as part of Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was designed by Wingårdh arkitektkontor. Construction started in October 2010 and completed in March 2011. The building is located on the Lindholmen campus and is connected to the neighboring buildings Jupiter and Science Park by two walkways on the first floor. The Kuggen building serves as an academic link between Lindholmen and companies in fields such as mobile data communications and media design.

Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers University of Technology (Swedish: Chalmers tekniska högskola, commonly referred to as Chalmers) is a private research university located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Chalmers focuses on engineering and science, but more broadly it also conducts research and offers education in shipping, architecture and management. The university has approximately 3,100 employees and 10,000 students.

Chalmers coordinates the development of a Swedish quantum computer
and
the Graphene Flagship, a European Union research initiative to develop commercial technologies with graphene.

The university is a co-founder of the CDIO Initiative, a member of the UNITECH International program, the IDEA League, the Nordic Five Tech, 
and the ENHANCE alliances as well as the EURECOM consortium and the CESAER network.
David Buggy
David Joseph Buggy (born 20 March 1975) is an Irish former hurler. At club level he played with Erin's Own and was also a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lined out in the forwards.

1993 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1993 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 7 April 1993 and ended on 5 September 1993.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 5 September 1993, Kilkenny won the championship following a 1-17 to 1-12 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their 16th championship title overall and their first title since 1991.

Kilkenny's Ollie O'Connor was the championship's top scorer with 5-35.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's road time trial
The men's road time trial event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 28 July 2021 around the Fuji Speedway in the Shizuoka Prefecture. 39 cyclists from 31 nations competed in the race, with everyone bar one rider eventually finishing.

The race was won by Primož Roglič of Slovenia. Roglič was around half a second behind the world champion, Filippo Ganna of Italy, at the first time check before eventually pulling ahead. He led by eight seconds at the end of the first lap before continuing to increase his lead towards the finish. He won by 1' 01" over Tom Dumoulin of the Netherlands. Dumoulin was third at the first time check, eventually engaging in a close battle for the silver medal, with less than five seconds separating the four riders behind Roglič. The bronze medal went to Rohan Dennis of Australia, a further two and a half seconds from Dumoulin.

Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Switzerland competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Swiss athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games in the modern era, except for a partial boycott of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne in protest at the Soviet invasion of Hungary.

Switzerland not only repeated its gold medal tally from the previous games but also increased its overall medal tally from 7 medals last time to 13 medals. They won medals in double digit for the first time since 1952 Helsinki.
Optical lens design
Optical lens design is the process of designing a lens to meet a set of performance requirements and constraints, including cost and manufacturing limitations. Parameters include surface profile types (spherical, aspheric, holographic, diffractive, etc.), as well as radius of curvature, distance to the next surface, material type and optionally tilt and decenter. The process is computationally intensive, using ray tracing or other techniques to model how the lens affects light that passes through it.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Mundoolun
Mundoolun is a rural locality in the City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. The locality was among the first pastoral runs in the Logan/Albert River catchment.In the 2021 census, Mundoolun had a population of 1,836 people.

Beaudesert, Queensland
Beaudesert (Yugambeh: Yilbagan) is a rural town and locality in the Scenic Rim Region of Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Beaudesert had a population of 6,752.

Beaudesert is the administrative centre for the Scenic Rim Region.
House of Évreux
The House of Évreux was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal house of France, which flourished from the beginning of the 14th century to the mid 15th century. It became the royal house of the Kingdom of Navarre.

The House was founded by Louis, Count of Évreux. He was the third son of Philip III of France, by his second wife Marie of Brabant. His son and heir, Philip, was the husband of Joan II of Navarre and the first King of Navarre from the Évreux dynasty.

Louis' younger son Charles had no grandchildren. The Évreux dynasty ended with the death of Blanche I of Navarre, who died in 1441.

Charles d'Évreux
Charles d'Évreux (1305 – 5 September 1336) was the son of Louis, Count of Évreux and Margaret of Artois.

From his father, he inherited the lordship of Étampes, which was made a county in 1327.

He married Maria de La Cerda y de Lara, the daughter of Fernando de la Cerda, in April 1335 at Poissy. They had two children:

Louis I, Count of Étampes

John (1336 – aft. 1373, Rome)
Early history of animation
The early history of animation covers the period up to 1888, when celluloid film base was developed, a technology that would become the foundation for over a century of film. Humans have probably attempted to depict motion long before the development of cinematography. Shadow play and the magic lantern (since circa 1659) had already offered popular shows with projected images on a screen, moving as the result of manipulation by hand and/or minor mechanics. In 1833, the stroboscopic disc (better known as the phenakistiscope) introduced the stroboscopic principles of modern animation, which decades later would also provide the basis for cinematography.

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
Colin Hughes (microbiologist)
Colin Hughes PhD ScD FLSW (born 14 March 1953) is a British microbiologist who has worked in the areas of bacterial virulence, motility and antibiotic resistance. He is Emeritus Professor of Microbiology at the University of Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, and Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway
The Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway (German: Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn; Czech: Severní dráha císaře Ferdinanda; Polish: Kolej Północna Cesarza Ferdynanda) was a railway company during the time of the Austrian Empire. Its main line was intended to connect Vienna with the salt mines in Bochnia near Kraków. The name is still used today in referring to a number of railway lines formerly operated by that company.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
P-process
The term p-process (p for proton) is used in two ways in the scientific literature concerning the astrophysical origin of the elements (nucleosynthesis). Originally it referred to a proton capture process which was proposed to be the source of certain, naturally occurring, neutron-deficient isotopes of the elements from selenium to mercury. These nuclides are called p-nuclei and their origin is still not completely understood. Although it was shown that the originally suggested process cannot produce the p-nuclei, later on the term p-process was sometimes used to generally refer to any nucleosynthesis process supposed to be responsible for the p-nuclei.

Often, the two meanings are confused. Recent scientific literature therefore suggests to use the term p-process only for the actual proton capture process, as it is customary with other nucleosynthesis processes in astrophysics.

Nuclide
Nuclides (or nucleides, from nucleus; also known as nuclear species) are a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state.

The word nuclide was coined by the American nuclear physicist Truman P. Kohman in 1947. Kohman defined nuclide as a "species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus" containing a certain number of neutrons and protons. The term thus originally focused on the nucleus.
Model 67 mine
The Model 67 is a square plastic cased Austrian minimum metal anti-tank blast mine. The mines pressure fuze sits on the top of the mine, with a provision for an anti-handling device. A second version of the mine the ATM-75 is similar to the Model 67 mine.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Flag of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
The flag of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is a blue field charged with a white triangle at the hoist side. At the center of the triangle is a roundel of the Russian national flag rimmed with a thick yellow border.

The blue is the national color of the Chukchi people. It also symbolizes the rivers within the autonomous okrug. The white symbolizes the ice and snow, which covers Chukotka for most of the year. The yellow symbolizes the sun, hope, and friendship.

Chukchi people
The Chukchi, or Chukchee (Chukot: ԓыгъоравэтԓьэт, о'равэтԓьэт, ḷygʺoravètḷʹèt, o'ravètḷʹèt), are a Siberian ethnic group native to the Chukchi Peninsula, the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean all within modern Russia. They speak the Chukchi language. The Chukchi originated from the people living around the Okhotsk Sea.

According to several studies on genomic research conducted from 2014 to 2018, the Chukchi are the closest Asian relatives of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, as such they are descendants of the settlers of Beringia who remained on the Russian side when the sea levels rose.

The majority of Chukchi reside within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, but some also reside in the neighboring Sakha Republic to the west, Magadan Oblast to the southwest, and Kamchatka Krai to the south. Some Chukchi also reside in other parts of Russia, as well as in Europe and North America. The total number of Chukchi in the world slightly exceeds 16,000.
ABQ (Breaking Bad)
"ABQ" is the thirteenth and final episode of the second season of the American television crime drama series Breaking Bad. The episode aired on AMC on May 31, 2009.

This episode introduces cleaner and hitman Mike Ehrmantraut (Jonathan Banks). Along with Gus Fring and Saul Goodman, he was promoted to main cast in season three, and subsequently returned as a main character in the prequel Better Call Saul.

Breaking Bad season 2
The second season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad premiered on March 8, 2009, and concluded on May 31, 2009. It consisted of 13 episodes, each running approximately 47 minutes in length. AMC broadcast the second season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The complete second season was released on Region 1 DVD and Region A Blu-ray on March 16, 2010.
Chronique romane
The Chronique romane ("romance chronicle") or Chronicle of Montpellier (French: Chronique de Montpellier) is an Old Occitan and Middle French chronicle of the city of Montpellier. The Chronique was probably made for the use of town officials, who would have wanted a record of local history for help in administration and in forging civic pride. The recording of town officials, such as council members, was also important, and in two manuscripts the Chronique is found along with the Charte de 1204, a compilation of local customary law. Its annalistic format was typical of civic chronicles of the same period.

Old Occitan
Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: occitan ancian, Catalan: occità antic), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term occitanus appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: romans) or "Provençal" (Occitan: proensals) in medieval texts.
David Dallas
David Dallas (born 28 August, 1982) is a New Zealand rapper and songwriter of Samoan and European descent. He began his career under the stage name Con Psy, as part of the rap group Frontline, before changing his stage name to his birth name and pursuing a solo career.

Taite Music Prize
The Taite Music Prize is an annual New Zealand music award event. A prize of the same name (sometimes called the Taite Music Main) is one of five to be awarded. It recognises the best New Zealand album from the previous year.

The prize is named after respected New Zealand music journalist and broadcaster Dylan Taite, who died in 2003. It was established in 2009 by Independent Music New Zealand (IMNZ) in conjunction with the Taite family, and first awarded in 2010. The Taite takes its inspiration from successful international prizes such as the Mercury Prize in the UK and the Australian Music Prize.

The annual event has grown over time and now includes the Independent Music NZ Classic Record award (since 2013), Best Independent Debut Award (2017), Independent Spirit Award (2019), and Outstanding Music Journalism Award (2022).
Unifying Theories of Programming
Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) in computer science deals with program semantics. It shows how denotational semantics, operational semantics and algebraic semantics can be combined in a unified framework for the formal specification, design and implementation of programs and computer systems.

The book of this title by C.A.R. Hoare and He Jifeng was published in the Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science in 1998 and has been made freely available on the web.

A UTP Symposium series was started in 2006.

Denotational semantics
In computer science, denotational semantics (initially known as mathematical semantics or Scott–Strachey semantics) is an approach of formalizing the meanings of programming languages by constructing mathematical objects (called denotations) that describe the meanings of expressions from the languages. Other approaches providing formal semantics of programming languages include axiomatic semantics and operational semantics.

Broadly speaking, denotational semantics is concerned with finding mathematical objects called domains that represent what programs do.  For example, programs (or program phrases) might be represented by partial functions or by games between the environment and the system.

An important tenet of denotational semantics is that semantics should be compositional: the denotation of a program phrase should be built out of the denotations of its subphrases.