hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
A severe outbreak of cholera occurred in 1854 near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street) and Golden Square in Soho, London, England, during the worldwide 1846–1860 cholera pandemic. The outbreak (also known as Golden Square outbreak), which killed 616 people, is best known for the physician John Snow's study of its causes and his hypothesis that germ-contaminated water was the cause, rather than something in the air called "miasma". This discovery influenced public health and the construction of improved sanitation facilities beginning in the mid-19th century. Later, the term "focus of infection" was used to describe sites, such as the Broad Street pump, where conditions are favourable for transmission of infection. Snow unknowingly took advantage of a natural experiment during his endeavours to identify the cause of cholera transmission.

Westminster St James
Westminster St James (or St James Piccadilly)  was a civil parish in the metropolitan area of London, England. The creation of the parish followed the building of the Church of St James, Piccadilly, in 1684. After several failed attempts, the parish was formed in 1685 from part of the ancient parish of St Martin in the Fields in the Liberty of Westminster and county of Middlesex. It included part of the West End of London, taking in sections of Soho, Mayfair and St James's. Civil parish administration was in the hands of a select vestry until the parish adopted the Vestries Act 1831. The vestry was reformed again by the Metropolis Management Act 1855. In 1889 the parish became part of the County of London and the vestry was abolished in 1900, replaced by Westminster City Council. The parish continued to have nominal existence until 1922.
Autorack
An autorack, also known as an auto carrier (also car transporter outside the US), is a specialized piece of railroad rolling stock used to transport automobiles and light trucks. Autoracks are used to transport new vehicles from factories to automotive distributors, and to transport passengers' vehicles in car shuttles and motorail services, such as Amtrak's Auto Train route.

Semi-trailer truck
A semi-trailer truck (also known by a wide variety of other terms – see below) is the combination of a tractor unit and one or more semi-trailers to carry freight. A semi-trailer attaches to the tractor with a type of hitch called a fifth wheel.
Galeville, New York
Galeville is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Onondaga County, New York, United States. The population was 4,617 at the 2010 census.

The community is a northwestern suburb of Syracuse, located in the eastern end of the town of Salina.

Onondaga County, New York
Onondaga County (/ˌɒnənˈdɑːɡə/ ON-ən-DAH-gə) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 476,516. The county seat is Syracuse. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Onondaga County is the core of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bob Rogers (SAAF officer)
Robert Harry Doherty Rogers   MMM DSO  (7 November 1921 – 3 June 2000) was a Chief of the South African Air Force. He joined the South African Air Force (SAAF) in 1940, and served in the Second World War and the Korean War. He subsequently rose through the ranks to become Chief of the SAAF. After his military career he entered politics and served as a Member of Parliament.

Order of Military Merit (South Korea)
The Order of Military Merit (Korean: 무공훈장, Hanja: 武功勳章) is the primary military decoration awarded by the South Korean government.

It is awarded to a person who rendered "outstanding military services by participating in an action in time of war or in quasi-state of war or by performing his/her duty equivalent to combat, such as responding to the attack of an enemy in a contact area."
EPA list of extremely hazardous substances
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002). The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355.  Updates as of 2006 can be seen on the Federal Register, 71 FR 47121 (August 16, 2006).

The data were provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Crotonaldehyde
Crotonaldehyde is a chemical compound with the formula CH3CH=CHCHO. The compound is usually sold as a mixture of the E- and Z-isomers, which differ with respect to the relative position of the methyl and formyl groups.  The E-isomer is more common.  This lachrymatory liquid is moderately soluble in water and miscible in organic solvents.  As an unsaturated aldehyde, crotonaldehyde is a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis.  It occurs in a variety of foodstuffs, e.g. soybean oils.
Archdiocese of Huambo
The Archdiocese of Huambo (Latin: Archidioecesis Huambensis) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Angola.

The cathedral see of the archbishop is the Marian Cathedral of the Conception of Our Lady (Portuguese: Sé Catedral de Nossa Senhora da Conceição), in Huambo.

By 2019, the archdiocese had approximately 1.1 million Roman Catholics and 88 diocesan priests.

Huambo
Huambo, formerly Nova Lisboa (English: New Lisbon), is the third-most populous city in Angola, after the capital city Luanda and Lubango, with a population of 595,304 (2014) in the city and a population of 836,293 in the municipality of Huambo (Census 2024). The city is the capital of the province of Huambo and is located about 220 km E from Benguela and 600 km SE from Luanda. Huambo is a main hub on the Caminho de Ferro de Benguela (CFB) (the Benguela Railway), which runs from the port of Lobito to the Democratic Republic of the Congo's southernmost province, Katanga. Huambo is served by the Albano Machado Airport (formerly Nova Lisboa Airport).
Gmina Opatowiec
Gmina Opatowiec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Opatowiec, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Kazimierza Wielka and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 68.41 square kilometres (26.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,599.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Nida Landscape Park.

Kazimierza Wielka
Kazimierza Wielka ([kaʑiˈmʲɛʐa ˈvʲɛlka] ⓘ) is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative seat of Kazimierza County. With a population of 5,848 (2005), it is the smallest county seat in Poland. Kazimierza Wielka is located in Lesser Poland Upland and historically belongs to the province of Lesser Poland. For most of its history, it was a village, and did not receive its town charter until 1959.
Tarsus (Bithynia)
Tarsus or Tarsos (Ancient Greek: Ταρσός) was a town in ancient Bithynia, on the inland road east of Nicomedia. It is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium.

Its site is located near Tarsiye in Asiatic Turkey.

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Mutanda, Zambia
Mutanda is a town in Kalumbila District, North-Western Province, Zambia. It is approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi), by road, southwest of Solwezi. Mutanda is situated approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi), by road, northwest of Lusaka, the capital.

Solwezi
Solwezi is a town in Zambia. It is the provincial capital of the mineral-rich  North-Western Province. Solwezi is also the administrative capital of Solwezi District, one of the eleven districts in the North-Western Province.
REAPER
REAPER (Rapid Environment for Audio Production, Engineering, and Recording) is a digital audio workstation, MIDI sequencer, and video editing software application created by Cockos. The current version is available for Microsoft Windows (XP and newer), macOS (10.5 and newer), and Linux. REAPER is capable of processing industry-standard audio and video media formats and is a compatible host for 32-bit and 64-bit plug-in formats such as VST and AU.

Envelope (music)
In sound and music, an envelope describes how a sound changes over time. For example, a piano key, when struck and held, creates a near-immediate initial sound which gradually decreases in volume to zero. An envelope may relate to elements such as amplitude (volume), frequency (with the use of filters) or pitch.

Envelope generators, which allow users to control the different stages of a sound, are common features of synthesizers, samplers, and other electronic musical instruments. The most common envelope generator is controlled with four parameters: attack, decay, sustain and release (ADSR).
Nadur Youngsters F.C.
Nadur Youngsters Football Club is a Maltese Football Club from the village of Nadur, on the island of Gozo, Malta.

The club was founded in 1958 and won the Gozo Football League 15 times and has achieved the Golden Star for sports excellence. This makes it the most decorated football club in Gozo.The team currently competes in the Gozo Football League First Division. Nadur Youngsters is one of the most popular football teams in Gozo and brings up young players from the village every year.

Nadur
Nadur (Maltese: In-Nadur) is an administrative unit of Malta, located in the eastern part of the island of Gozo. Nadur is built on a plateau and is one of the largest localities in Gozo. Known as the 'second city', it spreads along a high ridge to the east of Victoria. It had a population of 4,509 as of March 2014.

The word is derived from the Arabic word ‘nadara’, which means 'lookout', pretty much having the same meaning as its motto ‘Vigilant’. The motto appears in Nadur’s coat of arms that shows the sun coming up from blue seas. The town is famous for its bakeries.

Near Nadur are San Blas and Dahlet Qorrot Bays, tiny rocky bays on the North Eastern coast. These are locations for swimming, snorkeling, picnics, and trekking.
Maria Elisa Antonelli
Maria Elisa Mendes Ticon Antonelli (born 25 February 1984) is a Brazilian beach volleyball player.  She competed with Talita Antunes at the 2012 Summer Olympics, qualifying from group E before losing to the Czech team of Kristýna Kolocová and Markéta Sluková in the last 16.

Markéta Sluková
Markéta Sluková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarkɛːta ˈslukovaː]; born 28 June 1988) is a Czech beach volleyball player. She took part in the Summer Olympics twice, finishing fifth in London in 2012, as well as reaching the last 16 of the Rio de Janeiro games in 2016. Outside of Olympic competition Sluková won silver at the 2016 2016 European Beach Volleyball Championships, as well as three golds on the FIVB World Tour.
't Woudt
't Woudt is a small village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located about 5 km southwest of the city of Delft, in the municipality of Midden-Delfland.

't Woudt (then spelled "'t Woud") was a separate municipality between 1812 and 1817, when it was divided into Groeneveld, Hoog en Woud Harnasch, and a part that merged with Hof van Delft.

Delft
Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.

Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau, for its blue pottery, for being home to the painter Jan Vermeer, and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology.
Dasher High School
Dasher High School is a historic school in Valdosta, Georgia, United States that served African Americans.

Inscribed 1929 in its cornerstone, the school was a high school for African Americans. James L. Lomax, a leader in African American education in Valdosta, served as the school's principal until his retirement in 1967. His adopted son Louis L. Lomax, the first African American broadcast journalist, attended Dasher High School. He was a civil rights activist and died in a car accident in 1970.

The school's football team won a Georgia Interscholastic Association Class A football championship in 1953.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 18, 1985. It is located at 900 South Troup Street.

Valdosta, Georgia
Valdosta is a city in and the county seat of Lowndes County in the U.S. state of Georgia. As the principal city of the Valdosta metropolitan statistical area, which in 2023 had a metropolitan population of 151,118, according to the US Census Bureau its metropolitan area includes Brooks County to the west. With a city population of 55,378 in 2020, Valdosta is the home of Valdosta State University, a regional university in the University System of Georgia with over 12,000 students as of 2021.
Langeskov
Langeskov is a town in central Denmark, with a population of 4,456 (1 January 2025), located in Kerteminde Municipality in Region of Southern Denmark on the island of Funen.

The town of Langeskov is primarily located in Rønninge parish and was established following the construction of the railway line between Odense and Nyborg in the 19th century. The town has grown rapidly and its northern part now crosses the old parish border and extends into the parish of Birkende. Until 1 January 2007, it was the seat of the municipal council of the now former Langeskov Municipality.

Langeskov is served by Langeskov railway station on the railway line across Funen. The station re-opened in 2015 after being closed in 1977.

Langeskov has a model of Preikestolen to commemorate its norwegian twin town of Forsand.

Kerteminde Municipality
Kerteminde Municipality (Danish: Kerteminde Kommune) is a kommune in the Region of Southern Denmark on the northeast coast of the island of Funen in central Denmark. The municipality includes the island of Romsø, and it covers an area of 203 km2. It has a total population of 23,949 (2025). The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Kerteminde.

Ferry service connects the municipality to the island of Romsø from the harbour in the town of Kerteminde.
2021 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
The 2021 FIM Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden was the seventh round of the 2021 Speedway Grand Prix season (the World Championship of speedway). It took place on 14 August at the Skrotfrag Arena in Målilla, Sweden. It was the 26th Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden.

The event was won by Bartosz Zmarzlik (his 14th career Grand Prix win).

Skrotfrag Arena
The Skrotfrag Arena is a 15,000-capacity multi-use stadium in Målilla, Sweden. The stadium is regularly used as the venue for the World Championship races; the Speedway Grand Prix of Scandinavia and the Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden (rounds of the Speedway Grand Prix, which is the premier world event in motorcycle speedway.

The Arena is also the home venue of the speedway team called Dackarna who race in the Elitserien. The speedway track has a circumference of 305 metres.

The stadium opened on 29 June 1993 when it was known as the new Målilla Motorstadion and the track record for 500cc is 55.1sec by Andreas Jonsson recorded on 23 August 2011. From 2006 until 2019 it was known as the G & B Arena for sponsorship purposes.

In 2022, Bartosz Zmarzlik sealed his third world title at the stadium.
Trans-Border Institute
The Trans-Border Institute (TBI) was founded in 1994 at the University of San Diego (USD) to promote scholarship, studies, research, and activities related to Mexico and the United States-Mexico border, and to encourage an active role for the University in the cross-border community. It is a part of the Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies.

TBI promotes sustainable peace in Mexico and the border region, through applied research, innovative pedagogy, and cross-border partnerships. For twenty years, TBI has been a leading source of information and outreach on pressing border issues and the broader relationship between Mexico and the United States. TBI has published widely cited survey data and reports on police reform, arms trafficking, and immigration enforcement.

University of San Diego
The University of San Diego (USD) is a private Catholic research university in San Diego, California, United States. Chartered in 1949 as the independent San Diego College for Women and San Diego University (comprising the College for Men and School of Law), the two institutions merged in 1972.

The university includes the College of Arts and Sciences, Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, Division of Professional and Continuing Education, Knauss School of Business, School of Law, School of Leadership and Education Services (SOLES), and the Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering.

USD has 89 undergraduate and graduate programs, and enrolls approximately 9,073 undergraduate, paralegal, graduate and law students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The San Diego Toreros compete in NCAA Division I (FCS) as a member of the West Coast Conference.
1992–93 Pepperdine Waves men's basketball team
The 1992–93 Pepperdine Waves men's basketball team represented Pepperdine University in the 1992–93 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Tom Asbury. The Waves played their home games at the Firestone Fieldhouse and were members of the West Coast Conference. They finished the season 23-8, 11-3 in WCC play and extended their winning streak to a WCC record 38 consecutive league games as well as win a third consecutive regular-season title. After ending "The Streak" the Waves would finish the season 6-2 before falling to Santa Clara in the West Coast Conference tournament championship game. With a third 20+ win season in three years Pepperdine received a bid to the NIT tournament. In the opening round the Waves defeated UC Santa Barbara 53-50 before falling to the USC in the second round.

1993 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1993 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament took place on March 6–8, 1993. All rounds were held in San Francisco, California at the War Memorial Gymnasium.

The Santa Clara Broncos won the WCC Tournament title and an automatic bid to the 1993 NCAA tournament. Steve Nash of Santa Clara was named Tournament MVP.
1996 Italian general election in Sardinia
The Italian general election of 1996 took place on 21 April 1996.

The election was won in Sardinia by the centre-left The Olive Tree (which included the Sardinian Action Party), which won also nationally.

1996 Italian general election
The 1996 Italian general election was held on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. Romano Prodi, leader of the centre-left The Olive Tree, won the election, narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi, who led the centre-right Pole for Freedoms.

For the election, the Northern League of Umberto Bossi ran alone after having left the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994, causing a crisis which drove President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to appoint a technocratic cabinet led by Lamberto Dini, which in turn lost its parliamentary support in 1995, forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the Italian Parliament. The Communist Refoundation Party, led by Fausto Bertinotti, made a pre-electoral alliance with The Olive Tree, presenting its own candidates, supported by Prodi's coalition, mainly in some safe leftist constituencies, in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on the other ones, and ensuring external support for a Prodi government.
2025 ASUN Conference baseball tournament
The 2025 Atlantic Sun Conference baseball tournament was held from May 20 through 25 at Melching Field at Conrad Park in DeLand, Florida.  The top four regular season finishers from each division (eight out of twelve total teams) will meet in the tournament. This is the same format that has been used since 2023.

Florida Gulf Coast defeated Stetson 6–5 in the first championship game in 6 innings due to inclement weather. The winner-take-all championship game was cancelled and Florida Gulf Coast and Stetson were declared co-champions of the tournament. Per conference policy, Stetson received the ASUN berth in the 2025 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. Jordan Taylor of Stetson and Jaret Nelson of FGCU were named co-tournament MVP.

ASUN Conference baseball tournament
The ASUN Conference baseball tournament, sometimes referred to simply as the ASUN Tournament, is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I ASUN Conference. Before the ASUN expanded to 12 members in 2021 (2022 season), the top six finishers in the regular season of the conference's teams advanced to the double-elimination tournament. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.
Chiasso financial smuggling case
The Chiasso financial smuggling case began on June 3, 2009, near Chiasso, Switzerland (near the Swiss/Italian border), when Sezione Operativa Territoriale di Chiasso in collaboration with officers of Italian customs/financial military police (Guardia di Finanza) detained two suspects (who appeared to be Japanese nationals in their 50s) who had attempted to enter Switzerland with a suitcase in their possession with a false bottom containing what at first appeared to be U.S. Treasury Bonds worth $134.5 billion. The two possessed 249 U.S. bonds worth $500 million each (among other securities, they also had 10 "Kennedy bonds" denominated at $1 billion each). The large denominations of the securities, along with accompanying bank documentation, was what attracted the Italian police's attention. Large denominations are not available to the general public; only nation-states handle such amounts of money.

United States Secret Service
The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to American political leaders, their families, and visiting heads of state or government.

The Secret Service was, until 2003, part of the United States Department of the Treasury, due to their initial mandate of combating counterfeiting of United States currency. The agency has protected United States presidents and presidential candidates since 1901.