hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ellen Swallow Richards House
The Ellen H. Swallow Richards House is a National Historic Landmark house at 32 Eliot Street in Jamaica Plain, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It was the home of Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911) from 1876 (shortly after her marriage to Robert Hallowell Richards) until her death. Richards was the first woman to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was its first female instructor. She introduced revolutionary ideas about home sanitation, and conducted pioneering work (some of it in this house) that led to the establishment of the field of home economics. The house itself was regularly altered as a consequence of her research, and was used by Richards as a consumer product testing laboratory. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992.

Jamaica Plain
Jamaica Plain is a neighborhood of 4.4 square miles (11 km2) in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Settled by Puritans seeking farmland to the south, it was originally part of Roxbury. The community seceded from Roxbury during the formation of West Roxbury in 1851 and became part of Boston when West Roxbury was annexed in 1874. In the 19th century, Jamaica Plain became one of the first streetcar suburbs in America and home to a significant portion of Boston's Emerald Necklace of parks, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.

In 2020, Jamaica Plain had a population of 41,012 according to the United States Census.
Marvel Zombies: Red Band
Marvel Zombies: Red Band is an American comic book published by Marvel Comics under the Red Band line. It is an installment in the comic book metaseries Marvel Zombies. The five-issue limited series–written by Ethan S. Parker and Griffin Sheridan, and illustrated by Jan Bazaldua–began publication on September 17, 2025, and concluded on January 28, 2026. Marvel Zombies: Red Band depicts a "what if" scenario in which the cosmic rays that gave the Fantastic Four their superpowers also turned them into zombies, leading to an apocalypse involving the rest of the superheroes and villains of the Marvel Universe.

Secret Wars
Marvel Super Heroes Secret Wars, commonly known as Secret Wars, is a 12-issue American comic book crossover limited series published from May 1984 to April 1985 by Marvel Comics. The series was written by Jim Shooter, with art by Mike Zeck, Bob Layton, and John Beatty. It was tied in with a similarly named toy line from Mattel and a role-playing game of the same name from TSR, Inc.
1974 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1974 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 84th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 19 May to 13 October 1974.

Roscrea entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 13 October 1974 at Semple Stadium in Thurles, between Thurles Sarsfields and Silvermines, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Thurles Sarsfields won the match by 3–06 to 1–10 to claim their 28th championship title overall and a first title in nine years.

1973 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1973 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 83rd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Roscrea were the defending champions.

Roscrea won the championship after a 3–14 to 3–08 defeat of Kilruane MacDonaghs  in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their fifth championship title overall and their second title in succession.
Culture of Philadelphia
The culture of Philadelphia goes back to 1682 when Philadelphia was established by William Penn, founder of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia emerged quickly as the largest and most influential city in the Thirteen Colonies.

By the 1750s, Philadelphia was the second-largest city in the British Empire after London, and a center of early American culture, political leadership, intellectual thought, and industry and manufacturing. It served as the capital of both colonial-era British America and then, until 1800, as the first capital of the United States.

Stephen Starr
Stephen Starr (born 1957) is an American restaurateur and former entertainment promoter based in Philadelphia. He owns the Starr Restaurants group which operates over thirty restaurants. He has  restaurants in many different areas both in the United States as well as overseas. These restaurants include Barclay Prime, Buddakan, Butcher and Singer, The Continental Mid-town, The Dandelion, El Rey, El Vez, Fette Sau, Frankford Hall, Jones, Morimoto, Parc, Pod, Serpico, Stella, Talula's Daily, Talula's Garden, and The Love in Philadelphia with Aimee Olexy. Starr has been recognized for his work, and has received awards from the James Beard Foundation among others.
Gonow Aoosed GX5
The Gonow Aoosed GX5 (Chinese: 奥轩 GX5) is a mid-size crossover SUV (mid-size SUV produced from 2010 to 2014 by the Chinese manufacturer Guangzhou Automobile under the Gonow brand.

Originally called the Gonow Aoosed G5, Gonow's Aoosed SUV made its debut on the 2010 Guangzhou Auto Show on December 21, 2010. A facelift and major update in 2012 changed the name to Aoosed GX5 to be sold alongside the more upmarket GX6.

Mid-size car
Mid-size, also known as intermediate, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification. Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedans, coupes, station wagons, hatchbacks, and convertibles. Compact executive cars can also fall under the mid-size category.
Zawlbûk
Zawlbûk (/zɔːlˈbuːk, zɒl-/; from Lushai  zâwl 'flat' and  bûk 'hut') was a traditional bachelorsʼ quarters of the Mizo people, predominantly of the Luseis living in Mizoram, India. It was prominently the largest house in the tribal village, and it was customary for every village to have it constructed in the middle of the habitation. Even though its basic use was as a dormitory for all unmarried men of the village, it was much more a social institution where education, entertainment, skill and personal developments, and security of the tribal community were (almost) entirely centred. It also served as a resting place for guests, travelers and visitors.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Bernhard Seuffert
Bernhard Seuffert (23 May 1853, in Würzburg – 15 May 1938, in Graz) was a German-Austrian philologist, specializing in German studies.

From 1871 he studied classical philology, history and German studies at the University of Würzburg, and afterwards continued his education at Strasbourg as a student of Wilhelm Scherer, Elias von Steinmeyer and Wilhelm Studemund. In 1877 he obtained his habilitation, and subsequently replaced Erich Schmidt as a lecturer at Würzburg. In 1886, he became an associate professor at the University of Graz, where from 1892 to 1924 he worked as a full professor of German philology. In 1913/14 he served as university rector.

In collaboration with Erich Schmidt and Bernhard Ludwig Suphan, he was editor of the Vierteljahrschrift für litteraturgeschichte ("Quarterly edition for literary history"; 1888–93).

Bernhard Ludwig Suphan
Bernhard Ludwig Suphan (18 January 1845, in Nordhausen – 9 February 1911, in Weimar) was a German philologist, known for his historical-critical edition of the complete works of Johann Gottfried Herder (33 volumes).

He studied classical and German philology at the universities of Halle and Berlin, and from 1868 worked as a gymnasium teacher in Berlin. In 1887 he was appointed director of the Goethe Archives in Weimar (from 1889 onward, known as the Goethe-Schiller Archives).
Sancaktepe Şehir Hastanesi
Sancaktepe Şehir Hastanesi is an underground station on the M5 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under Osmangazi Street in the Sarıgazi neighbourhood of Sancaktepe. Due to difficulties in station construction, it is expected to open on 19 May 2026, later than the rest of the Çekmeköy to Samandıra Merkez extension.

There is an open-close scissor structure in the station, and there will be a fully mechanical automatic parking lot with a capacity of 336 vehicles on the upper floors of this truss structure. In this way, it will be possible to travel with the Park-and-Ride system.

Çekmeköy (Istanbul Metro)
Çekmeköy is an underground station on the M5 line of the Istanbul Metro in Çekmeköy. The station is located on Şile Highway  in the Mehmet Akif neighborhood of Çekmeköy. Connection to IETT city buses is available at street level.

The M5 line operates as fully automatic unattended train operation (UTO). The station consists of an island platform with two tracks. Since the M5 is an ATO line, protective gates on each side of the platform open only when a train is in the station.

Çekmeköy station was opened on 21 October 2018. It was the eastern terminus of the line until the extension to Samandıra Merkez opened on 16 March 2024.

The station has 2 exits. There are 6 elevators and 12 escalators.
Daintree Reef
Daintree Reef is a reef system in the Coral Sea, Queensland. Named after Richard Daintree, it is adjacent to the Daintree Rainforest, just off the coast of Cape Tribulation, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Cairns. The system is composed of three reefs: Daintree Reef North, Central and South.

Cape Tribulation, Queensland
Cape Tribulation (Kuku-Yalanji: Kulki) is a headland and coastal locality in the Shire of Douglas in northern Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Cape Tribulation had a population of 123 people.
Canal Gov
Canal Gov is a government-owned television channel in Brazil. Owned by the Secretariat of Social Communications and operated by Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), it broadcasts news and public affairs programmes, including coverage of governmental events.

Empresa Brasil de Comunicação
The Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC; Brazil Communication Company) is a Brazilian federal public media conglomerate. It was established on October 24, 2007, to provide public broadcasting services and manage federal television and several public radio stations, as well as communication services such as a public news agency and the EBC Portal.

The EBC includes the TV Brasil (a television station network), the Agência Brasil (the news agency), the Portal EBC (the news portal), the EBC Serviços (a division that produces A Voz do Brasil radio program for the Secretariat of Government of the Presidency of the Republic) and the National Radio Network (Rádio MEC AM, Rádio MEC FM, Rádio Nacional do Alto Solimões, Rádio Nacional da Amazônia, Rádio Nacional de Brasília AM, Rádio Nacional de Brasília FM, Rádio Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, among others).
Land transport
Land transport is the transport or purposeful movement of people, animals and/or goods from one location to another via land-based routes. This is in contrast with other main types of transport such as maritime transport, which moves over waterbodies; and aviation, which moves via flight through the atmosphere. The two main forms of land transport are rail transport and road transport.

Tarmacadam
Tarmacadam (a portmanteau of "tar" and "macadam") or tarmac is a concrete road surfacing material made by combining tar and macadam (crushed stone and sand), patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century. The terms "tarmacadam" and "tarmac" are also used for a variety of other materials, including tar-grouted macadam, bituminous surface treatments and modern asphalt concrete.
Mary E. Thompson
Mary Elinore Thompson FRSC is a Canadian statistician. She is Distinguished Professor Emerita of Statistics and Actuarial Science at the University of Waterloo, the former president of the Statistical Society of Canada, and the founding scientific director of the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute. Her research interests include survey methodology and statistical sampling; she is also known for her work applying statistics to guide tobacco control policy.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Mesostigma
Mesostigma is a genus of unicellular biflagellate freshwater green algae, with a single species Mesostigma viride, covered by an outer layer of basket‐like scales instead of a cell wall. It is the only known genus in the class Mesostigmatophyceae (and thus, the only genus in the family Mesostigmataceae and the order Mesostigmatales).

Earlier studies were unable to resolve the position of the species, and it was often placed as a sister to all other green algae, as one of the basal members of the Streptophyta, close to Chaetosphaeridium. More recent studies agree that Mesostigma and Chlorokybus form a clade, being the earliest diverging of the green plants, specifically within Charophytes.

Chlorokybus
Chlorokybus is a multicellular (sarcinoid) genus of basal green algae or charophyte. It has been classified as the sole member of the family Chlorokybaceae, which is the sole member of the order Chlorokybales, in turn the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae. It grows on soil and rock surfaces, and is rare.
Emirates Global Aluminium
Emirates Global Aluminium ("EGA") is an aluminium conglomerate with interests in bauxite/alumina and primary aluminium smelting. A state-owned enterprise, it is jointly controlled by the Mubadala Investment Company and the Investment Corporation of Dubai, sovereign wealth funds of the United Arab Emirates.

EGA operates aluminium smelters in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, an alumina refinery in Abu Dhabi, and a bauxite mine and associated export facilities in the Republic of Guinea, a speciality foundry in Germany, and an aluminium recycling plant in the United States.

Mubadala Investment Company
Mubadala Investment Company PJSC (Arabic: شركة مبادلة للاستثمار), or simply Mubadala, is a state-owned global investment firm that acts as one of the sovereign wealth funds of the government of Abu Dhabi. The company was established in 2017 when then-named Mubadala Development Company (now Mamoura Diversified Global Holding) and the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) merged. Headquartered in Abu Dhabi, Mubadala also has offices in London, Rio de Janeiro, New York, San Francisco and Beijing.
Spurinnia gens
The gens Spurinnia was a minor plebeian family of Etruscan descent at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens are mentioned by ancient writers, of whom the most prominent was the haruspex Spurinna, who warned Caesar of danger in the month leading to his assassination, but was disbelieved.  Other Spurinnae are known from inscriptions, at least two referring to persons who held the praetorship, or chief magistracy, of Tarquinii at some remote period, and commemorating their military achievements.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Caspar Peter Hagerup
Caspar Peter Hagerup (12 April 1777 – 28 August 1840) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Christiansand. He enrolled as a student in 1797, and finished the studies to be appointed town clerk (byskriver) in the Danish town of Kalundborg in 1801. In 1809 he was appointed district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) in Flekkefjord, in 1820 in Nordre Hedemarken. From 1830 to his death in 1840 he was burgomaster of Trondhjem.

He married Ulrikke Eleonore Steffens, sister of philosopher Henrik Steffens. Their son Henrik Steffens Hagerup became a notable military officer and politician.

Hagerup was a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters from 1831. He was proclaimed Knight of the Swedish Order of Vasa.

Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.

The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
Julian Alps and Prealps
The Julian Alps and Prealps (in Slovenian Julijske Alpe v širšem smislu, in Italian Alpi e Prealpi Giulie) are a mountain range in the eastern part of the Alps. They are located in Slovenia and in Italy.

SOIUSA code
SOIUSA code is the code used in the International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps (ISMSA or SOIUSA), a proposal by Italian Alpinist, Sergio Marazzi, to re-categorize the mountains and mountain ranges of the Alps. The proposal has been aired since 2005 but has yet to receive official recognition.
Gmina Kampinos
Gmina Kampinos is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kampinos, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Ożarów Mazowiecki and 38 km (24 mi) west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 84.25 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,105 (4,291 in 2013).

Warsaw West County
The Warsaw West County (Polish: powiat warszawski zachodni) is a county in Masovian Voivodeship, located in east-central Poland, with its seat of government located in Ożarów Mazowiecki. Other towns located in the county are: Łomianki, and Błonie. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms. Until 31 December 2005, its seat was located extraterritorially in the city of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 532.99 square kilometres (205.8 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 117,783, out of which the population of Łomianki is 17,022, that of Błonie is 12,231, that of Ożarów Mazowiecki is 11,719, and the rural population is 76,781.
Laborem exercens
Laborem exercens (Latin: Through Work) is an encyclical written by Pope John Paul II in 1981, on human work. It is part of the larger body of Catholic social teaching, which traces its origin to Pope Leo XIII's 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Styrene oxide
Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. Its chemical formula is C6H5C2H3O. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the Prilezhaev reaction:

Styrene oxide is slightly soluble in water. A trace amount of acid in water causes hydrolysis to racemic phenylethyleneglycol via a benzylic cation. If the amount of water is not sufficient, acid-catalyzed isomerization for phenylacetaldehyde will occur.

Styrene oxide in the body is metabolized to mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, benzoic acid and hippuric acid.

Hydrogenation of styrene oxide affords phenethyl alcohol.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).
Matthew 1:9
Matthew 1:9 is the ninth verse of the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the Bible.  The verse is part of the non-synoptic section where the genealogy of Joseph, the legal father of Jesus, is listed, or on non-Pauline interpretations the genealogy of Jesus.  The purpose of the genealogy is to show descent from the line of kings, in particular David, as the Messiah was predicted to be the son of David (2 Samuel 7:12; Psalm 89:3, 132:11, among others), and descendant of Abraham (Genesis 12:3; 22:18).

Ahaz
Ahaz (Hebrew: אָחָז, romanized: ʼĀḥāz, lit. '"has held"'; Greek: Ἄχαζ, Ἀχάζ Akhaz; Latin: Achaz) an abbreviation of Jehoahaz II (of Judah), "Yahweh has held" (Hebrew: יְהוֹאָחָז, Modern: Yəhō’aḥaz, Tiberian: Yŏhō’āḥāz; Akkadian: 𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 Ya'úḫazi [ia-ú-ḫa-zi]) was the twelfth king of Judah, and the son and successor of Jotham. Ahaz was 20 when he became king of Judah and reigned for 16 years.

Ahaz is portrayed as an evil king in the Second Book of Kings (2 Kings 16:2).

In Edwin R. Thiele's opinion, Ahaz was co-regent with Jotham from 736/735 BC, and his sole reign began in 732/731 and ended in 716/715 BC. However, William F. Albright has dated his reign to 744–728 BC.

The Gospel of Matthew lists Ahaz of Judah in the genealogy of Jesus. He is also mentioned in Isaiah 7 and Isaiah 14:28.