hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Town and gown
Town and gown are two distinct communities of a university town; 'town' being the non-academic population and 'gown' metonymically being the university community, especially in ancient seats of learning such as Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, and St Andrews, although the term is also used to describe modern university towns as well as towns with a significant public school.  The metaphor is historical in its connotation but continues to be used in the literature on urban higher education and in common parlance.

Jackson State University
Jackson State University (Jackson State or JSU) is a public historically black research university in Jackson, Mississippi. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Jackson State University's athletic teams, the Tigers, participate in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). Jackson State is also the home of the Sonic Boom of the South, a marching band founded in the 1940s. Their accompanying danceline, the Prancing J-Settes, are known for their unique style of dance, known as "J-Setting".
People's Association
The People's Association (PA) (Chinese: 人民协会; pinyin: Rénmín xiéhuì) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) of the Government of Singapore that oversees neighbourhood communities and social organisations. Established in 1960, it was part of a nation-building programme to promote social cohesion and multiracialism.

Prime Minister of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, an MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.

Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the confidence of the majority in Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.
Merel Westrik
Merel Westrik (born 1 November 1979 in Wormer, Netherlands) is a Dutch news presenter and television host. She is known for the Dutch reality television series Wie is de Mol?, and became the new presenter of the fictional news television series Het Sinterklaasjournaal, replacing her predecessor, Dieuwertje Blok.

Dieuwertje Blok
Dieuwer Sarah "Dieuwertje" Blok (8 August 1957 – 2 March 2025) was a Dutch actress, writer and radio and television presenter who was best known for presenting Het Sinterklaasjournaal from 2001 to 2024.
Susie Castillo
Susie Castillo (born October 27, 1979) is an American actress, TV host, model, and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 2003. She competed in the Miss Teen USA and Miss Universe pageants. She pursued a career in the media, making various television appearances and hosting shows such as MTV's Total Request Live as a VJ. She is known for portraying Principal Ramirez in the Nickelodeon live-action television series The Really Loud House (2022–present).

Amelia Vega
Amelia Vega Polanco (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈmelja ˈβeɣa]; born 7 November 1984) is a Dominican actress, model, author, singer and beauty queen. At the age of 18, she won the Miss Universe 2003 pageant, becoming the first ever Miss Universe from the Dominican Republic, as well as the youngest winner since 1994.
Mystic River Rugby Club
The Mystic River Rugby Club, sometimes called Boston Mystic, is a New England Rugby Football Union (NERFU) club, founded in 1974, located in Malden, Massachusetts, and Melrose, Massachusetts, who field teams in Division 1 American Rugby Premiership and Division 2 Rugby Union in the United States and are the current 2018 USA Rugby D1 National Champions.

Their home field is located at Pine Banks Park. Their primary sponsor is Coors Light.

USA Rugby Club 7s
The USA Rugby Club 7s National Championship is the top annual American rugby sevens competition organized by USA Rugby.  It involves the best sixteen men's and women's clubs (32 clubs total) in the United States.

First played in November 1985, the tournament moved to the summer in 1986 and has been a fixture of the summer rugby season in the United States ever since. After a few years of informal women's invitationals, a formal women's competition was added to the event in 2011. The event is streamed online annually, typically on YouTube or The Rugby Channel.
Picrocrocin
Picrocrocin is a monoterpene glycoside precursor of safranal.  It is found in the spice saffron, which comes from the crocus flower.  Picrocrocin has a bitter taste, and is the chemical most responsible for the taste of saffron.

During the drying process, picrocrocin liberates the aglycone (HTCC, C10H16O2) due to the action of the enzyme glucosidase.  The aglycone is then transformed to safranal by dehydration.  Picrocrocin is a degradation product of the carotenoid zeaxanthin.

Monoterpene
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are diverse. They have relevance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries.
Richard Friedlander (mayor)
Richard Friedlander (20 January 1923 – 8 February 2007) was a South African attorney and politician. He served as Mayor of Cape Town from 1971 to 1973. As chairman of the City Council's executive committee in 1989, he led a motion requesting the national government to exempt Cape Town from the Group Areas Act.

Mayor of Cape Town
The mayor of Cape Town is the head of the local government of Cape Town, South Africa. Currently, that government takes the form of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.

The mayoral position was established on 7 December 2000.

In the past, the position of mayor has varied between that of an executive mayor actively governing the city and that of a figurehead mayor with a mostly ceremonial role. The current mayor is Geordin Hill-Lewis of the Democratic Alliance (DA).
Icó
Icó (Portuguese pronunciation: [iˈkɔ]) is a town in Ceará, Brazil, located in the Microrregião of Salgado in the central part of the state. Icó borders the municipalities of Umari, Cedro, Iguatu, Orós, Jaguaribe, Pereiro, and the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. The seat of the town, also called Icó, is located 375 kilometres (233 mi) from the state capital, Fortaleza. The municipality covers 1,872 km2 (723 mi2) and has a population of 68,162 with a population density of 36 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is located 1,872 km (1,163 mi) from the state capital of Sergipe, Aracaju.

Icó sits on a flat plain on the right bank of the Salgado River, a short distance from its confluence with the Jaguaribe.

Jaguaribe
Jaguaribe is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil. With an area of 1,877.062 square kilometers (724.738 sq mi), of which 4.3076 square kilometres (1.6632 sq mi) is urban, it is located 244 km from Fortaleza, the state capital, and 1,495 km from Brasília, the federal capital. Its population in the 2022 demographic census was 33,726 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), ranking as the 56th most populous municipality in the state of Ceará.
Kindaruma Hydroelectric Power Station
The Kindaruma Hydroelectric Power Station, also Kindaruma Dam is an embankment dam with two gravity dam sections on the Tana River in Kenya. It straddles the border of Embu and Machakos counties in Kenya. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 72 megawatts (97,000 hp) power station. It is Kenya's first post-independence hydroelectric power plant. It was commissioned in 1968 as part of the Seven Forks Scheme. The power station is operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company.

Between 2007 and 2013 the power station underwent a rehabilitation and upgrade which increased its installed capacity from 40 MW to 72 MW. In June 2012 a third Kaplan turbine-generator, rated at 24 MW, was commissioned. In January and June 2013, the original two 20 MW Kaplan turbine-generators were upgraded to 24 MW each.

Embu County
Embu County is a county in the eastern Mt Kenya region in Kenya. As of 2024 its estimated population is 608,599 making it the 37th most populous county in Kenya. The county borders Kirinyaga to the west, Kitui to the east, Tharaka Nithi to the north and Machakos to the south.
The county occupies an area of 2,821 km2. The county is home to the Aembu and Mbeere ethnic communities. Its capital and largest town is Embu, Other urban centers include Runyenjes, Kiritiri and Siakago.

Embu County is one of the most economically stable counties in Kenya. Embu has the highest literacy rate in Kenya (94%), 5th highest human development index , 7th Largest gdp per Capita and the 4th lowest poverty rates in Kenya. Embu county is divided in 20 electoral wards and 4 constituencies that is Runyenjes, Manyatta , Mbeere North and Mbeere South Constituency  .
Hungarian Food Safety Office
The Hungarian Food Safety Office (HFSO) operated as the Hungarian partner institution of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) from 2003 to 2012 in conformity with the EU requirements.  One of its priority was to assess the health risks derived from food and indirectly from feed, to liaise with international and Hungarian authorities, and to communicate with the public on food safety issues. From 2012, these tasks are performed by the National Food Chain Safety Office, which was established by the integration of the Central Agricultural Office and HFSO.

European Food Safety Authority
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain. EFSA was established in February 2002 in Parma, Italy. It had a yearly budget of €118.6 million, and a total staff of 542 as of 2021.

The work of EFSA covers all matters with a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety, including animal health and welfare, plant protection and plant health and nutrition. EFSA supports the European Commission, the European Parliament and EU member states in taking effective and timely risk management decisions that ensure the protection of the health of European consumers and the safety of the food and feed chain. EFSA also communicates to the public in an open and transparent way on all matters within its remit.
Alonzo Clayton
Alonzo Clayton (January 4, 1876 – March 17, 1917) was an American jockey in Thoroughbred horse racing described by author Edward Hotaling, as "one of the great riders of the New York circuit all through the 1890s" and who holds the record as the youngest jockey to ever win the Kentucky Derby.

Morris Park Racecourse
Morris Park Racecourse was an American thoroughbred horse racing facility from 1889 to 1904. It was located in a part of Westchester County, New York that was annexed into the Bronx in 1895 and later developed as the neighborhood of Morris Park. The racecourse was the site of the Belmont Stakes from 1890 through 1904 as well as the Preakness Stakes in 1890.
Metadata Working Group
The Metadata Working Group was formed in 2007 by Adobe Systems, Apple, Canon, Microsoft and Nokia. Sony joined later in 2008. Microsoft proposed the idea in 2006.

The focus of the group is to advance the interoperability of metadata stored in digital media. Its specification, Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata, defined the interoperability among Exif, IIM (old IPTC), and XMP with consumer digital images. The following properties were selected for interoperability:

keywords

description

date and time

orientation

rating

copyright

creator

location created

location shown

Test files for verification were added in 2008 and are available for download.

Extensible Metadata Platform
The Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) is an ISO standard, originally created by Adobe Systems Inc., for the creation, processing and interchange of standardized and custom metadata for digital documents and data sets.

XMP standardizes a data model, a serialization format and core properties for the definition and processing of extensible metadata. It also provides guidelines for embedding XMP information into popular image, video and document file formats, such as JPEG and PDF, without breaking their readability by applications that do not support XMP. Therefore, the non-XMP metadata have to be reconciled with the XMP properties. Although metadata can alternatively be stored in a sidecar file, embedding metadata avoids problems that occur when metadata is stored separately.

The XMP data model, serialization format and core properties is published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16684-1:2012 standard.
History of the University of North Alabama
A comprehensive regional university today, the University of North Alabama traces its beginnings to the first half of the 19th century, when the Methodist Episcopal Church sought to bring learning and culture to an obscure mountain in Alabama.

From these humble beginnings, the university progressed from a poorly funded church-supported school, to a cash-strapped normal school, to a teachers college and, finally, to the state university it has become.

University of North Alabama
The University of North Alabama (UNA) is a public university in Florence, Alabama, United States. It is the state's oldest university. Occupying a 130-acre (0.5 km2) campus in a residential section of Florence, UNA is located within a four-city area that also includes Tuscumbia, Sheffield and Muscle Shoals. The four cities compose a metropolitan area with a combined population of 140,000 people.

The University of North Alabama was one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century and state universities in the late 20th century. It was founded as LaGrange College in 1830. It was reestablished in 1872 as the first state-supported teachers college south of the Ohio River. A year later, it became one of the nation's first coeducational colleges.
Tarvastu
Tarvastu (German: Tarwast) is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. It's located about a kilometer east of Mustla. Tarvastu has a population of 99 (as of 2006). The village is passed by the Tarvastu River and the Viljandi–Rõngu road (no. 52). Estonian second largest lake Võrtsjärv also shares a small border with the village's territory.

Tarvastu is the birthplace of the Estonian wrestler Martin Klein (1884–1947), who won a silver medal at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Mustla
Mustla is a small borough (alevik) in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 818.

From 1938–1979, Mustla was a town with town privileges.

In June 2018, a plaque commemorating Alfons Rebane was unveiled on the wall of a private building in Mustla where he had lived. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs protested the unveiling.

Mustla in winter

Monument to the Estonian War of Independence

Gymnasium
Zbyszek
Zbyszek [ˈzbɨʂɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Szczerców, 14 km (9 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 47 km (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Szczerców
Szczerców [ˈʂt͡ʂɛrt͡suf] is a village in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szczerców. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) west of Bełchatów and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Nemili
Nemili is a Taluk in Ranipet district of Tamil Nadu state, announced on 31 August 2015 by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Selvi J.Jayalalitha.  Before becoming a separate taluk, it was a town panchyat under Arakkonam Taluk. It is part of the Chennai Metropolitan Area.It is located in the Ranipet district about 72 kilometres from the state capital of Chennai. The major businesses are farming, hand loom and power looms.  Nemili itself is a panchayat town in Ranipet District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Arakkonam
Arakkonam (Tamil: [aɾakkoːɳam]) is a railway town in the Ranipet district, state of Tamil Nadu. Included within the Chennai Metropolitan Area since 2022, Arakkonam is a major suburb of the state capital city Chennai, with a population of 78,395 per the census 2011. It is about 54 kilometres (34 mi) from the district headquarters Ranipet, and about 69 kilometres (43 mi) from Chennai.

Arakkonam is one of the hottest towns in India, where the temperature can exceed 43 °C (110 °F) for several peak days in summer it is famous for temples this city is developing day by day and it is one of the best city in Ranipet District The name 'Arakkonam' was derived from the word "Arunthamizhkundram" also later called "Aarukonam", meaning 'hexagon' which connects six important places around.
Tophane
Tophane (Turkish pronunciation: [topˈhane]) (lit. "Armoury") is a quarter in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, running downhill from Galata to the shore of the Bosphorus where it joins up with Karaköy to the southwest and Fındıklı to the northeast.

In the Ottoman era, it was the city's first industrial zone.

Despite rapid gentrification, parts of Tophane remain conservative and there have been clashes over some developments in the area.  In 2021 the large new Galataport cruise terminal opened at the point where Tophane reaches the shore, bringing the likelihood of even faster change to the area.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
1977 European Cup (athletics)
The 1977 European Cup was the 6th edition of the European Cup of athletics.

It was the first edition to introduce "A" and "B" Finals. The three best non-qualifying teams in the Semifinals would now compete in the "B" Final, the winner of which would qualify for the "A" Final.

The "A" Finals were held in Helsinki, Finland. The first two teams in those qualified for the inaugural IAAF World Cup.

European Cup (athletics)
The European Cup is a former athletics competition for European teams that was replaced by the European Team Championships starting in 2009 and was organized by the European Athletics Association. The European Cup saw most of the major nations of Europe compete. Originally known as the Bruno Zauli Cup, it first took place in 1965 in Stuttgart (men) and Kassel (women), West Germany. Initially, the competition was a bi-annual event (tri-annual once); however, from 1993, it took place once every year.
Ibanez MTM
The Ibanez MTM series was a series of signature guitars created by Slipknot's Mick Thomson, and produced by Ibanez. Some of the MTMs had the Ibanez RG shape and some had the Ibanez Glaive shape. They have two humbucking pickups (H-H configuration), and the fixed Edge FX bridge, which is based on Ibanez Edge tremolo but fixed, providing more tuning stability than a standard hard-tail. Contrary to popular belief, the MTM series guitars do not have a tremolo bar or system. They came factory tuned to Drop B (B, F#, B, E, G#, C# [low to high]), a very low tuning that Slipknot used frequently. The MTM series was discontinued in 2016, when Mick Thomson switched to Jackson Guitars.

Ibanez
Ibanez (アイバニーズ, Aibanīzu) is a Japanese guitar brand owned by Hoshino Gakki. Based in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, Hoshino Gakki was one of the first Japanese musical instrument companies to gain a significant foothold in import guitar sales in the United States and Europe, as well as the first brand of guitars to mass-produce seven-string and eight-string guitars. Ibanez manufactures effects, accessories, amps, and instruments in Japan, China, Indonesia, and the United States (at a Los Angeles-based custom shop). As of 2017 they marketed nearly 165 models of bass guitar, 130 acoustic guitars, and more than 300 electric guitars. As of 2024, after Gibson, Fender, and PRS, Ibanez is among the world's most popular and bestselling guitar brands.

Daryl Robertson of Guitar World conferred the title of "the shredder's weapon of choice" on the Ibanez.
Selina Grotian
Selina Grotian (born 25 March 2004) is a German biathlete. She won multiple gold medals at youth and junior world championships in 2022 and 2023, respectively. In the 2023 European Championships in Lenzerheide, Switzerland, she won the gold medal in the pursuit race.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Lincoln's Birthday
Lincoln's Birthday is a public holiday in some U.S. states, observed on the anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth on February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky. Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, California, Missouri, and New York observe the holiday.

In many other states, Lincoln's birthday is not celebrated separately, as a stand-alone holiday.  Instead, Lincoln's birthday is combined with a celebration of President George Washington's birthday (also in February) and celebrated either along with the Federal holiday of Washington's Birthday or as Presidents' Day on the third Monday in February.

United States commemorative coins
The United States Mint has minted numerous commemorative coins to commemorate persons, places, events, and institutions since 1848.  Many of these coins are not intended for general circulation, but are still legal tender.  The mint also produces commemorative medals, which are similar to coins but do not have a face value, and therefore are not legal tender.