hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bjerknes force
Bjerknes forces are translational forces on bubbles in a sound wave. The phenomenon is a type of acoustic radiation force. Primary Bjerknes forces are caused by an external sound field; secondary Bjerknes forces are attractive or repulsive forces between pairs of bubbles in the same sound field caused by the pressure field generated by each bubble volume's oscillations. They were first described by Vilhelm Bjerknes in his 1906 Fields of Force.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
WWHN
WWHN is a radio station licensed in Joliet, Illinois, serving the Chicago metropolitan area with an urban adult contemporary format. It operates on AM frequency 1510 kHz and is under ownership of Hawkins Broadcasting Company. Because it shares the same frequency as "clear channel" station WLAC in Nashville, Tennessee, WWHN operates during daytime hours only.

Joliet, Illinois
Joliet (/ˈdʒoʊliɛt, ˌdʒoʊliˈɛt/ JOH-lee-et, -⁠ET) is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Chicago, it is the county seat of Will County. The population was 150,362 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Illinois.
Gurcharan Singh Sekhon
Colonel (RET) Gurcharan Singh Sekhon (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਚਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੇਖੋਂ, born 1937) is a retired Singaporean army officer. Nicknamed "Father of the Engineers", he is a pioneer of the Singapore Armed Forces, credited with setting up the Singapore Combat Engineers. He served as the 6th Commandant of the Singapore Command and Staff College from 1979–1981, and thereafter as the Assistant Chief of General Staff (Operations) of the Singapore Army, an appointment today held by an officer of one-star rank. In July 1967, he became a graduate of Singapore's first batch of officer cadets. Of that batch, he was the first to command a specialist branch, to hold this command alongside command of a battalion, to command the Singapore Command and Staff College, and to command the First Division of the Singapore Armed Forces.

Singapore Army
The Singapore Army is the land service branch of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). The largest of the four branches of the SAF, the Singapore Army traces its origins to the 1st Battalion, Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR), which was formed in 1957, under British colonial rule. After Singapore's independence on 9 August 1965, the Singapore Army Bill was passed in Parliament on 23 December 1965, and National Service (NS) was subsequently introduced in 1967. Mostly made up of conscripts, the Singapore Army can mobilise all operationally-ready military reservists in the event of war or national exigencies.
Charles Lindsey (editor)
Charles Lindsey (7 February 1820 – 12 April 1908) was an English-born Canadian journalist, editor, writer, and officeholder. He was the first editor of the Toronto Leader and published a biography on his father-in-law William Lyon Mackenzie, The Life and Times of Wm. Lyon Mackenzie (1862).

Reform movement (Upper Canada)
The Reform movement in Upper Canada was a political movement in British North America in the mid-19th century.

It started as a rudimentary grouping of loose coalitions that formed around contentious issues. Support was gained in Parliament through petitions meant to sway MPs. However, organized Reform activity emerged in the 1830s when Reformers, like Robert Randal, Jesse Ketchum, Peter Perry, Marshall Spring Bidwell, and William Warren Baldwin, began to emulate the organizational forms of the British Reform Movement and organized Political Unions under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie. The British Political Unions had successfully petitioned for the Great Reform Act 1832 that eliminated much political corruption in the British parliamentary system. Those who adopted these new forms of public mobilization for democratic reform in Upper Canada were inspired by the more radical Owenite Socialists who led the British Chartist and Mechanics Institute movements.
Dutch Flat (Arizona)
Dutch Flat of Arizona is a valley south of the Sacramento Valley and Interstate 40 in southern Mohave County.

The region is part of the southeast extension of the Mojave Desert into northwest Arizona. Dutch Flat borders the south of the Sacramento Valley, and Sacramento Wash drains west on the northwest perimeter to meet the Colorado River at Needles.

Sacramento Valley (Arizona)
The Sacramento Valley of northwestern Arizona is a north–south trending valley west and southwest of Kingman in Mohave County. The valley lies just east of the southern section of the Black Mountains. Interstate 40 in Arizona traverses the valley north–south.

The Sacramento Wash is the first southerly drainage south of the Havasu-Mohave Lakes Watershed entering the east bank of the south-flowing Colorado River. The Sacramento Wash Watershed flows south-then-westerly into the Colorado; Kingman lies in the northeast of the Sacramento Wash Watershed on the water divide with the Hualapai Wash Watershed lying to the east, that flows north into the Colorado River as it enters Lake Mead.
Autophagin
Autophagin-1 (Atg4/Apg4) is a unique cysteine protease responsible for the cleavage of the carboxyl terminus of Atg8/Apg8/Aut7, a reaction essential for its lipidation during autophagy. Human Atg4 homologues cleave the carboxyl termini of the three human Atg8 homologues, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), GABARAP, and GATE-16.

The rapid advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of autophagy has placed this process in the center of current research in major human disorders. The future challenge is to develop easy methods to separately manipulate the activity of each of the autophagic pathways. This would allow researchers to further understand their contribution to disease such as cancer, neurodegeneration, infectious disease, muscular disorders and possibly will provide therapeutic tools.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Mount Stanford (Fresno and Mono counties, California)
Mount Stanford is a 12,838-foot-elevation (3,913-meter) mountain summit located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in northern California, United States. It is situated in the John Muir Wilderness, on the boundary shared by Sierra National Forest with Inyo National Forest, and along the common border of Fresno County with Mono County. It is 10 miles northeast of Lake Thomas A Edison, and approximately 15 miles (24 km) southeast of the community of Mammoth Lakes. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 3,200 feet (980 meters) above McGee Creek in approximately 1.75 mile. There is another Mount Stanford (elevation 13,979 ft) in the Sierra Nevada which is named for Stanford University.

Sierra National Forest
Sierra National Forest is a U.S. national forest located on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada in California, bounded on the northwest by Yosemite National Park and on the south by Kings Canyon National Park. The forest is known for its mountain scenery and beautiful lakes. Forest headquarters are located in Clovis, California. There are local ranger district offices in North Fork and Prather.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1991–1995
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council who served in the 50th Parliament were affected by the 1991 referendum which reduced the number of members and reduced their term from three terms of the Legislative Assembly to two terms, meaning the maximum term was eight years. The Council consisted of 42 members, 12 elected in 1984, 15 elected in 1988 and 15 elected in 1991. Half of the council would face re-election in 1995 and half did not face re-election until 1999. The President was Johno Johnson until 3 July 1991 and then Max Willis.

Johno Johnson
John Richard "Johno" Johnson GCSG (26 July 1930 – 9 August 2017) was an Australian trade unionist and politician who served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1976 to 2001. He held the presidency of the Legislative Council from 1978 to 1991, making him one of the longest-serving Presidents in the chamber's history, and was the first elected President to be voted out of office. Federal Labor leader Bill Shorten described him as "the heart, soul and sinews of NSW Labor", and former Prime Minister Paul Keating called him "a true prince of the Labor movement."
1999–2002 FARC–Government peace process
The FARC-Government peace process (1999–2002) (Spanish: Proceso de Paz entre las FARC y el gobierno Pastrana), from January 7, 1999, to February 20, 2002, was a failed peace process between the Government of President Andrés Pastrana Arango and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrilla group in an effort to bring to an end the ongoing Colombian armed conflict.

Cali Cartel
The Cali Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Cali) was a drug cartel based in southern Colombia, around Cali and the Valle del Cauca. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela, Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela and José Santacruz Londoño. They broke away from Pablo Escobar and his Medellín associates in 1988, when Hélmer  Herrera joined what became a four-man executive board that ran the cartel.

At the height of the Cali Cartel's reign from 1993 to 1995, they were cited as having control of over 80% of the world's cocaine market and were said to be directly responsible for the growth of the cocaine market in Europe, controlling 80% of the market there as well. By the mid-1990s, the leaders of the Cali Cartel were a criminal empire operating billions per year. The Cartel was considered by law enforcement to be the most powerful criminal organization in the world.
Helsfyr-Sinsen
Helsfyr-Sinsen was a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway, from 1988 to January 1, 2004, when it was split up and merged into Alna and Gamle Oslo boroughs. It consisted of the neighborhoods Helsfyr, Teisen, Etterstad, Keyserløkka, Lille Tøyen, Valle, Løren, Carl Berners plass, Rosenhoff and Sinsen.

Rosenhoff
59°55′50.29″N 10°46′30.36″E﻿ / ﻿59.9306361°N 10.7751000°E﻿ / 59.9306361; 10.7751000

Rosenhoff is a neighbourhood of Helsfyr, Oslo. It lies north of Carl Berners plass and Rodeløkka, south and east of the park area of Torshovdalen, and west of Sinsenbyen. The neighborhood is built on the site of the former Rosenhoff locks, is triangular, and borders Mailundveien to the northwest, Rosenhoffsgata to the south, and Trondheimsveien to the east. The tram also runs through this part of Trondheimsveien, and there is a tram stop at Rosenhoff.

The buildings were built by the municipality after a fire in 1913. The population was 1505 as of 2009.
William Greenleaf (American scientist)
William J. Greenleaf (born December 24, 1979) is an American molecular biologist, biophysicist, and inventor who is a professor of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. His research focuses on high-throughput sequencing and optical microscopy methods for studying gene regulation and chromatin structure. Greenleaf is a co-inventor of ATAC-seq, a widely-used epigenomic method developed in his lab.

Illumina, Inc.
Illumina, Inc. is an American biotechnology company, headquartered in San Diego, California. Incorporated on April 1, 1998, Illumina develops, manufactures, and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. The company provides a line of products and services that serves the sequencing, genotyping and gene expression, and proteomics markets, and serves more than 155 countries.

Illumina's customers include genomic research centers, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, clinical research organizations, and biotechnology companies.
Tiki Boyd's
Tiki Boyd's was a tiki bar in Denver, Colorado, in operation from 2005 to 2006. Experimental sound/noise musician Boyd Rice designed the bar, revamping the bar originally known as the East Coast Bar located in the Ramada Denver Downtown.  A tiki enthusiast, Rice provided art from his personal collection for the bar. Rice is also a tiki scholar, having written an essay for Martin McIntosh's book, Taboo: The Art of Tiki. Lorin Partridge, a friend of Rice, tended the bar, and the bar was known for a drink called a Bronze Serpent. The music was played exclusively from vinyl including records by Martin Denny and Arthur Lyman, also from Rice's collection.

Tiki bar
A tiki bar is a themed drinking establishment that serves elaborate cocktails, especially rum-based mixed drinks such as the Mai Tai and Zombie cocktails. Tiki bars are aesthetically defined by their tiki culture décor which is based upon a romanticized conception of tropical cultures, most commonly Polynesian. Some bars also incorporate general nautical themes or retro elements from the early atomic age.

Many early tiki bars were attached to hotels or were the bar sections for large Asian restaurants. While some are freestanding, cocktail-only affairs, many still serve food; and some hotel-related tiki establishments are still in existence. Large tiki bars may also incorporate a stage for live entertainment. Musicians such as Alfred Apaka and Don Ho played a historically important role in their popularity, and the bars also booked acts such as exotica-style bands and Polynesian dance floor shows.
Embo-Nguni
Embo-Nguni is a historiographical term used to describe a cluster within the broader  Embo identity of historic Nguni-speaking community that migrated to the Maputo-Lubombo region of coastal Southern Africa during the Bantu expansion.

Hlubi people
The Hlubi people or AmaHlubi are an  Embo ethnic group native to Southern Africa, with the majority of population found in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
Peripterygia
Peripterygia marginata is a species of shrubs in the family Celastraceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia and the only species of the genus Peripterygia. Its closest relatives are Crossopetalum and Siphonodon.

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Damien Wilkins
Damien Lamont Wilkins (born January 11, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player and basketball executive who played in the National Basketball Association for ten seasons. He is the son of retired 13-year NBA veteran Gerald Wilkins and nephew of nine-time NBA All-Star, Hall of famer Dominique Wilkins.

Baloncesto Superior Nacional
The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, abbreviated as BSN, is the first tier-level professional men's basketball league in Puerto Rico. It was founded in 1929 and is organized by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation.

The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 12
teams, of which the most successful has been the Vaqueros de Bayamón with 17 titles as of 2025.

The league has produced players that have distinguished themselves in the NBA, EuroLeague, Spain's ACB, and other tournaments throughout the world. Among them, Georgie Torres was the first Puerto Rican to sign an NBA contract & Butch Lee was the first BSN player to win an NBA title. Later on players including José Ortiz, Ramón Rivas, Daniel Santiago, Carlos Arroyo and J. J. Barea, started their careers playing for BSN teams and later played in the NBA.
PBA Reinforced Conference
The PBA Reinforced Conference was a tournament held during a Philippine Basketball Association season from 1985–1989, and again in 2003. The tournament usually allows team to hire one or two imports, although the 2003 edition rules that teams sign foreign players with a height-limit of 6'4" below.

Powerade Tigers
The Powerade Tigers were a professional basketball team that played in the Philippine Basketball Association from 2002 to 2012. The franchise was owned by Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. (CCBPI) when the company acquired Cosmos Bottling Corporation from RFM Corporation. From 2002 to 2010, the team played as the Coca-Cola Tigers. The franchise won two PBA championships, in 2002 and 2003.
Arian creeds
Arian creeds are the creeds of Arian Christians, developed mostly in the fourth century when Arianism was one of the main varieties of Christianity.

A creed is a brief summary of the beliefs formulated by a group of religious practitioners, expressed in a more or less standardized format.  Arian creeds are a subset of Christian Creeds.

Acacius of Caesarea
Acacius of Caesarea (Greek: Ἀκάκιος; date of birth unknown, died in 366) was a Christian bishop probably originating from Syria; Acacius was the pupil and biographer of Eusebius and his successor on the see of Caesarea Palestina. Acacius is remembered chiefly for his bitter opposition to Cyril of Jerusalem and for the part he was afterwards enabled to play in the more acute stages of the Arian controversy. The Acacian theological movement is named after him. In the twenty-first oration of St. Gregory Nazianzen, the author speaks of Acacius as being "the tongue of the Arians".
1989 Banespa Open
The 1989 Banespa Open, also known as the Rio de Janeiro Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and took place from 10 April through 16 April 1989. First-seeded Luiz Mattar won the singles title.

1989 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only tennis circuit for male players held that year. It incorporated the four Grand Slam tournaments, one World Championship Tennis tournament and the Grand Prix tournaments.
NASCAR In-Season Challenge
The NASCAR In-Season Challenge (initially titled the NASCAR In-Season Tournament) is a single-elimination tournament that is conducted among drivers in the NASCAR Cup Series. It made its debut during the 2025 season.

The In-Season Challenge will be the second $1 million bonus event in the Cup Series, joining the NASCAR All-Star Race.

Crown Jewel (NASCAR)
Historic and prestigious races in NASCAR are often called Crown Jewels. Most commonly these races are the Daytona 500, Coca-Cola 600, and Southern 500. NASCAR also recognizes the Brickyard 400 as a Crown Jewel. In recent years, the Bristol Night Race has been discussed as a potential crown jewel.

From 1985 to 1997, the Winston 500 at Talladega was considered a Crown Jewel because NASCAR Cup Series sponsor Winston offered a $1-million bonus to any driver who won three out of the four races in a season. Most modern sources do not consider it a Crown Jewel race.

Winning all Crown Jewel races is sometimes referred to as a Grand Slam. Three drivers have completed a Grand Slam; Jeff Gordon, Bobby Allison, and Jimmie Johnson have accomplished the feat three times apiece.
May District, Kazakhstan
May (Kazakh: Май ауданы, Mai audany) is a district of Pavlodar Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Koktobe. Population: 11,787 (2013 estimate); 12,601 (2009 census results); 16,859 (1999 census results).

Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.
BD−10°3166 b
BD−10°3166 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 268 light-years away in the constellation of Crater. This planet is a so-called "Hot Jupiter," a planet that orbits its parent star in a very close orbit. Distance to the star is less than 1/20th Earth's distance from the Sun. No transits by the planet have been detected, so the planet's orbital plane cannot be exactly aligned with our direction of view.

Crater (constellation)
Crater is a small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is the Latinization of the Greek krater, a type of cup used to water down wine. One of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, it depicts a cup that has been associated with the god Apollo and is perched on the back of Hydra the water snake.

There is no star brighter than third magnitude in the constellation. Its two brightest stars, Delta Crateris of magnitude 3.56 and Alpha Crateris of magnitude 4.07, are ageing orange giant stars that are cooler and larger than the Sun. Beta Crateris is a binary star system composed of a white giant star and a white dwarf. Seven star systems have been found to host planets. A few notable galaxies, including Crater 2 and NGC 3981, and a famous quasar lie within the borders of the constellation.