hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
26 Martyrs of Japan
The 26 Martyrs of Japan (Japanese: 日本二十六聖人, Hepburn: Nihon Nijūroku Seijin) were a group of Catholics who were executed by crucifixion on 5 February 1597, in Nagasaki, Japan. Their martyrdom is especially significant in the history of the Catholic Church in Japan.

A promising beginning to Catholic missions in Japan – with perhaps as many as 300,000 Catholics by the end of the 16th century – met complications from competition between the missionary groups, political difficulty between Portugal and Spain and factions within the government of Japan. Christianity was suppressed and it was during this time that the twenty-six martyrs were executed. By 1630, Catholicism had been driven underground. When Christian missionaries returned to Japan 250 years later, they found a community of "hidden Catholics" that had survived underground.

Kakure Kirishitan
Kakure Kirishitan (Japanese: 隠れキリシタン, lit. 'hidden Christians') is a modern term for a member of the Catholic Church in Japan who went underground at the start of the Edo period in the early 17th century (lifted in 1873) due to Christianity's repression by the Tokugawa shogunate (April 1638). The term is particularly used today for those who have refused to embrace modern Roman Catholic practices and still hold onto the traditions established during the times of persecution.
Kalše
Kalše (pronounced [ˈkaːlʃɛ]) is a dispersed settlement in the Pohorje Hills north of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in the Drava Statistical Region.

Slovenska Bistrica
Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced [slɔˈʋèːnska ˈbíːstɾitsa] ⓘ; German: Windisch-Feistritz) is a town south of Maribor in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica, one of the largest municipalities in Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The town is included in the Drava Statistical Region. Together with neighboring Slovenske Konjice they form a regional centre of the Upper Dravinja valley and southern Pohorje, sometimes referred to as the Dravinja region (Dravinjska).
Stephen C. Stearns
Stephen C. Stearns (born December 12, 1946) is an American biologist, and the Edward P. Bass Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Emeritus at Yale University. He is known for his foundational contributions to life history theory and for his central role in establishing evolutionary medicine as a discipline.

Ed Bass
Edward Perry "Ed" Bass (born September 10, 1945) is an American businessman, financier, philanthropist and environmentalist who lives in Fort Worth, Texas. He financed the Biosphere 2 project, an artificial closed ecological system, which was built between 1987 and 1991. He is the chairman of Fine Line, an investment and venture-capital management firm in Fort Worth, and chairman of the board of directors of the Sid W. Richardson Foundation, a philanthropic organization. He was listed as #239 on the Forbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans in 2012, with an estimated net worth of $2 billion.
Beth Chatto
Beth Chatto OBE VMH (27 June 1923 – 13 May 2018) was an English plantswoman, garden designer and author known for creating and describing the gardens named after her near Elmstead Market, Essex. She wrote several books about gardening under specific conditions and lectured on this in Britain, North America, Australia, the Netherlands and Germany. Her principle of placing the right plant in the right place drew on her husband Andrew Chatto's lifelong research into garden-plant origins.

Garden Media Guild
The British Garden Media Guild (formerly The Garden Writers' Guild) is a trade organisation for professional garden writers, journalists, photographers, broadcasters and members of allied trades. The Guild was established in 1991 (1991) to improve the quality of garden writing, photography and broadcasting by improving links between the gardening mass media and the horticultural industry and keeping its members up-to-date with events in the world of gardening and horticulture. The Guild also aims to help its members operate efficiently and profitably and improve liaisons between garden writers, photographers, publishers and more.
Mansonia indiana
Mansonia indiana is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Mansonia. It is found in Sri Lanka, Java, India, Myanmar, Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand, and New Guinea. It is a vector of nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi. Females are known to be strongly anthropophilic (human biters). Larvae found only in association with Pistia species.

Mansonia (fly)
Mansonia mosquitoes are large black or brown mosquitoes with sparkling on their wings and legs. They breed in ponds and lakes containing certain aquatic plants, especially the floating type like Pistia stratiotes and water hyacinth. The eggs are laid in star-shaped clusters on the undersurface of leaves of these plants. The larvae and pupae are found attached to the rootlets of these plants by their siphons. They obtain their air supply from these rootlets. When preparing to transform into adults, these pupae come to the surface of water and the fully formed adults emerge and escape. The control of Mansonia mosquitoes accomplished by removal or destruction of the aquatic host plants by herbicides.

A study published in 2013 determined that the species Mansonia dyari Belkin, Heinemann, and Page should be considered a potential vector of Rift Valley fever virus and would need to be controlled if the virus were introduced into an area where it occurs.
2007 Riojan regional election
The 2007 Riojan regional election was held on Sunday, 27 May 2007, to elect the 7th Parliament of the autonomous community of La Rioja. All 33 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

2007 Spanish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Spain during 2007 to elect the regional parliaments of thirteen of the seventeen autonomous communities: Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Extremadura, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre and the Valencian Community; and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. 812 of 1,206 seats in the regional parliaments were up for election, as well as the 50 seats in the regional assemblies of the autonomous cities. The elections were held on 27 May (concurrently with local elections all across the country).

The results saw few changes overall, with most incumbent governments remaining in power. The only exception was the People's Party (PP) government in the Balearic Islands, which was replaced by a coalition led by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
When the Door Opened
When the Door Opened is a lost 1925 American silent Northern film directed by Reginald Barker and starring Jacqueline Logan, Walter McGrail, Margaret Livingston, Robert Cain, Frank Keenan, and Roy Laidlaw. It was written by Bradley King. The film was released on December 6, 1925, by Fox Film Corporation.

Northern (genre)
The Northern or Northwestern is a genre in various arts that tell stories set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska. It is similar to the Western genre, but certain elements are different, as appropriate to its setting. It is common for the central character to be a Mountie instead of a cowboy or sheriff. Other common characters include fur trappers and traders, lumberjacks, frontiersmen, prospectors, First Nations people, outlaws, settlers, and townsfolk.

International interest in the region and the genre was fuelled by the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99) and subsequent works surrounding it, fiction and non-fiction. The genre was extremely popular in the interwar period of the 20th century. Northerns are still produced, but their popularity waned in the late 1950s.
Politics of Nova Scotia
The politics of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia take place within the framework of a Westminster-style parliamentary constitutional monarchy. As Canada's head of state and monarch, Charles III is the sovereign of the province in his capacity as King in Right of Nova Scotia; his duties in Nova Scotia are carried out by the Lieutenant Governor, Michael Savage. The General Assembly is the legislature, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and fifty-five members representing their electoral districts in the House of Assembly.  The Government is headed by the Premier, Tim Houston, who took office on August 31, 2021. The capital city is Halifax, home to the Lieutenant Governor, the House of Assembly, and the Government. The House of Assembly has met in Halifax at Province House since 1819.

Executive Council of Nova Scotia
The Executive Council of Nova Scotia (informally and more commonly, the Cabinet of Nova Scotia) is the cabinet of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Almost always made up of members of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, the cabinet is similar in structure and role to the federal Canadian cabinet, though smaller in size with different portfolios.

The Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, as representative of the King in Right of Nova Scotia, heads the executive council, and is referred to as the Governor-in-Council. Other members are selected by the Premier of Nova Scotia and appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor. Most cabinet ministers are the head of a department, but this is not always the case.
1-Boc-4-AP
1-Boc-4-AP (tert-butyl 4-(phenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate) is a compound used as an intermediate in the manufacture of fentanyl, as well as various related derivatives such as butyrylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, benzylfentanyl and homofentanyl, among others. It is an N-protected derivative of 4-anilinopiperidine which can be readily converted to fentanyl or related analogues in several straightforward synthetic steps. It was classified as a DEA List 1 Chemical in 2022, and is also controlled in various other jurisdictions. Its possession, sale and importation are consequently heavily regulated throughout much of the world. 1-Boc-4-AP has also been identified as an impurity in other designer drug products, though it is unclear if it has any pharmacological activity in its own right.

Homofentanyl
Homofentanyl (N-Phenylpropylnorfentanyl, Fentanyl propyl analogue) is an opioid derivative which has been sold as a designer drug. It is a homologue of fentanyl, with similar analgesic and sedative effects but lower potency, around 14× stronger than pethidine.
Polarstarodden
Polarstarodden is a headland at northern part of the island of Storøya in the Svalbard archipelago, east of Nordaustlandet. It is located about one kilometer southeast of Norvargodden, the most northern point of the island. The headland is named after the vessel Polarstar.

Storøya
Storøya is an island in the Svalbard archipelago. It is located east of Nordaustlandet, separated from Nordaustlandet by the strait of Storøysundet. The southern part of the island is covered by the glacier Storøyjøkulen.

Storøya is included in the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve. Its highest point is about 250 m.a.s.l.
Hardware Store, Childers
The Hardware Store is a heritage-listed row of shops at 74–78 Churchill Street, Childers, Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by F H Faircloth and built in 1902. It is also known as Mitre 10, Silly Solly's, Pettigrew's Hardware, and Wyper Brothers Ironmongery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Mitre 10
Mitre 10 is an Australian retail and trade hardware store chain. Operations are based on a cooperative system, where the store owners are members of the National group. The chain name references the mitre joint. There are over 400 "Mitre 10" locations throughout Australia.
Pereslavsky Uyezd
Pereslavsky Uyezd (Переславский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Vladimir Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Pereslavl-Zalessky
Pereslavl-Zalessky (Russian: Переславль-Залесский, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈslavlʲ zɐˈlʲeskʲɪj]), formerly known as Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, or simply Pereyaslavl, is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the main Moscow–Yaroslavl road and on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo at the mouth of the Trubezh River. Population: 41,925 (2010 census); 43,379 (2002 census); 42,331 (1989 Soviet census).
South Barnard Islands Important Bird Area
The South Barnard Islands Important Bird Area comprises a group of two small islands and a sand islet, with a combined area of 15 ha, on the inner Great Barrier Reef, Far North Queensland, Australia.  The group lies about 6 km off the coast and 26 km south-east of Innisfail and is protected within the Barnard Island Group National Park.  It is an important breeding site for terns.

Barnard Island Group National Park
The Barnard Island Group is a protected area in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.

These are islands with a fascinating geological past, dating back 420 million years.

Six species of terns have been found nesting in the southern Barnard Islands, and twenty-three species of forest birds have a habitat here.
2016 Chrono des Nations
The 2016 Chrono des Nations was the 35th edition of the Chrono des Nations cycle race and was held on 23 October 2016. The race started and finished in Les Herbiers. The race was won by Vasil Kiryienka.

Chrono des Nations
Chrono des Nations – Les Herbiers Vendée is a single-day individual time trial road bicycle race held annually in October in Les Herbiers, Vendée, France. Since 2005, the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

It was originally called Chrono des Herbiers but in 2006 the race merged with the now defunct Grand Prix des Nations to create the currently called Chrono des Nations.
Selling Illusions
Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada is a non-fiction book by Canadian author Neil Bissoondath, first published in 1994. The book puts forward an assessment of Canada's Multiculturalism Act (1988) and how the bi-cultural nature of the country is to be willfully refashioned into a multicultural "mosaic". Bissoondath argues that the policy of multiculturalism, with its emphasis on the former or ancestral homeland and its insistence that "there is more important than Here", discourages the full loyalty of Canada's citizens.

The book won the Writers' Trust of Canada's Gordon Montador Award in 1995.

Canadian Multiculturalism Act
The Canadian Multiculturalism Act (French: Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien) is a law of Canada, passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance cultural diversity, i.e. multiculturalism, in Canada.
Rana Awdish
Rana Awdish is an American critical care physician, pulmonologist, author and medical director of the Pulmonary Hypertension Program of Henry Ford Hospital. She is best known for her critically acclaimed, bestselling book In Shock: My Journey from Death to Recovery and the Redemptive Power of Hope.

Leonard Berry
Leonard L. "Len" Berry (born 1942) is a University Distinguished Professor of Marketing of Mays Business School at Texas A&M University, and a senior fellow at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Berry is a past president of the American Marketing Association. He has studied service delivery in healthcare at the Mayo Clinic and in cancer care settings. Berry is Texas A&M's most cited faculty member on Google Scholar, with over 235,000 citations.
2011 Carrera Panamericana
The 2011 edition of the Carrera Panamericana Mexican sports car racing event started in Huatulco, Oaxaca and finished in Zacatecas, Zacatecas. This edition was composed by 7 stages. The race started in October 21 and finished in October 27.

Carrera Panamericana
The Carrera Panamericana was a border-to-border sedan (stock and touring and sports car) rally racing event on open roads in Mexico similar to the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio in Italy. Running for five consecutive years from 1950 to 1954, it was widely held by contemporaries to be the most dangerous race of any type in the world. It has since been resurrected along some of the original course as a classic speed rally.
R151 (Bangladesh)
The R151 or Baroiar Hat Pelagazi Dighi Road is a transportation artery in Bangladesh, which connects Baroiar Hat point of Dhaka–Chittagong Highway with Regional Highway R160 at Pelaghazi Dighi. It is 48 kilometres (30 mi) long, and the road is a Regional Highway of the Roads and Transport department of Bangladesh.

R160 (Bangladesh)
The R160 or Hathazari-Khagrachhari Road is a transportation artery in Bangladesh, which connected National Highway N106 (at Hathazari Municipality) with Khagrachari City. It is 89 kilometres (55 mi) long, and the road is a Regional Highway of the Roads and Transport department of Bangladesh.
Northwestern (Althing constituency)
Northwestern (Icelandic: Norðurland vestra) was one of the multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 1959 following the nationwide extension of proportional representation for elections to the Althing. It was abolished in 2003 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Iceland when all municipalities in the constituency except Siglufjörður were merged with the Western and Westfjords constituencies to form the Northwest constituency. Siglufjörður was merged into the Northeast constituency. Northwestern was conterminous with the Northwestern region.

Northwestern Region (Iceland)
Northwestern Region (Icelandic: Norðurland vestra, pronounced [ˈnɔrðʏrˌlant ˈvɛstra] ⓘ) is one of the traditional eight regions of Iceland, located in the north of the island. The largest town in the region is Sauðárkrókur, with a population of 2,609 in 2024.

One of the primary attractions of the area is the basalt rock Hvítserkur, 15 meters high and resembles a dragon that throws its head to take a sip of water.
Minkowski's bound
In algebraic number theory, Minkowski's bound gives an upper bound of the norm of ideals to be checked in order to determine the class number of a number field K. It is named for the mathematician Hermann Minkowski.

Hermann Minkowski
Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, ETH Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, or Russian. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and elements of convex geometry, and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.

Minkowski is perhaps best known for his foundational work describing space and time as a four-dimensional space, now known as "Minkowski spacetime", which facilitated geometric interpretations of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905).
Chisel Peak
Chisel Peak is a prominent chisel-shaped peak rising to about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) on the southeast side of Perplex Ridge, Pourquoi Pas Island, in Marguerite Bay. It was named descriptively by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1979.

Marguerite Bay
Marguerite Bay or Margaret Bay is an extensive bay on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is bounded on the north by Adelaide Island and on the south by Wordie Ice Shelf, George VI Sound and Alexander Island. The mainland coast on the Antarctic Peninsula is Fallières Coast. Islands within the bay include Pourquoi Pas Island, Horseshoe Island, Terminal Island, and Lagotellerie Island.  Marguerite Bay was discovered in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named the bay for his wife.
Koynare Rocks
Koynare Rocks (Bulgarian: скали Койнаре, ‘Skali Koynare’ ska-'li koy-'na-re) are a small group of rocks in Hero Bay off the north coast Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated 7.5 km (4.66 mi) northeast of Siddins Point, 5.3 km (3.29 mi) northwest of Bezmer Point, and 1.4 km (0.87 mi) south of Miladinovi Islets.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The rocks are named after the town of Koynare in northwestern Bulgaria.

Miladinovi Islets
Miladinovi Islets (Miladinovi Ostrovi \mi-la-'di-no-vi 'o-stro-vi\) is a group of two small rocky islands, 500 by 370 m (550 by 400 yd) (surface area 11 hectares (27 acres)), and 350 by 200 m (380 by 220 yd) respectively, situated 300 m (330 yd) south of Iratais Point on Desolation Island off the north coast of Livingston Island, Antarctica.  The islands are separated from Desolation Island by Neck or Nothing Passage.  The area was frequented by early nineteenth century English and American sealers operating from the adjacent Blythe Bay.

Named after the Bulgarian poets and folklorists Dimitar Miladinov (1810–62) and Konstantin Miladinov (1830–62), popular as ‘Miladinovi Brothers’.
Hanerik
Hanerik (Uyghur: خانئېرىق بازىرى, romanized: Xan'ëriq baziri; Chinese: 罕艾日克镇, romanized: Hǎn'àirìkè zhèn), formerly Hanerik Township (Uyghur: خانئېرىق يېزىسى, romanized: Xan'ëriq yëzisi; Chinese: 罕艾日克乡, romanized: Hǎn'àirìkè xiāng), is a town in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

Uyghur Latin alphabet
The Uyghur Latin alphabet (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر لاتىن يېزىقى, romanized: Uyghur Latin Yëziqi, ULY) is an auxiliary alphabet for the Uyghur language based on the Latin script. Uyghur is primarily written in Uyghur Arabic alphabet and sometimes in Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet.

In 2023, the alphabet was agreed as the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Uyghur.
Legacy of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st  Duke of Bronté, KB (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was one of the leading British flag officers in the Royal Navy of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, responsible for several important victories over the French and Spanish navies during a time of crisis for the country. He was widely lauded for his success, and praised for his skill and daring. After his death during the Battle of Trafalgar, he became revered as a British hero, and his fame reached new heights. Large numbers of monuments and memorials have been created in his honour, and he has continued to influence British culture and society.

William Beatty (surgeon)
Sir William Beatty FRS (April 1773 – 25 March 1842) was an Irish surgeon who served in the Royal Navy. Born in Derry, Ireland, he joined as a surgeon's mate in 1791 at the age of 18. He is best known as the ship's surgeon aboard HMS Victory during the Battle of Trafalgar, at which he witnessed the death of Admiral Horatio Nelson, and for writing an account of that battle – Authentic Narrative of the Death of Lord Nelson.
Acoustic – Friends & Total Strangers
Acoustic – Friends & Total Strangers is both a live acoustic album and a music DVD by Canadian rock band the Trews. The CD is the fifth commercial album and second live album by the band. The DVD is the first from the band. Both were released October 6, 2009 on Bumstead Records. It was recorded January 30–31, 2009 at the Glenn Gould Studio in Toronto.

House of Ill Fame
House of Ill Fame is the first full-length album by Canadian hard rock band The Trews. It was released in 2003 by the label Epic Records. The group issued a music video for the more-alternative rock sounding song "Not Ready to Go". The album was certified Platinum (100,000 copies) in Canada in 2023, the band's first album to do so.