hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Before I Do
"Before I Do" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Sevyn Streeter from her debut studio album, Girl Disrupted (2017). The song was produced by Micah Powell, B Harv and The Stereotypes. It was released as the album's second single on December 2, 2016 through Atlantic Records. The song samples "(At Your Best) You Are Love" by the late singer Aaliyah, which is an Isley Brothers cover.

Rap-Up
Rap-Up is a magazine launched in 2001 by founder Devin Lazerine. The publication was originally a website devoted to hip hop, until Lazerine decided to pitch the possibility of a magazine to several publishers. The magazine is focused on the hip hop and R&B aspect of the music industry, and predominantly features interviews with artists, actors and other entertainers. Issued quarterly, the magazine's target audience was the 14 to 28 demographic, although the demographic has become older over time.

The magazine's first two issues were one time deals, although Lazerine and his brother Cameron received attention for their age and white background. The magazine restarted publication in 2005, when it managed to sell enough copies to ensure future releases. A separate handbook has been released, chronicling the history of hip hop, "Rap-Up:The Ultimate Guide to Hip-Hop and R&B".
Land reform in Tibet
The Tibetan land reform movement refers to a series of land reform movements implemented by the Government of the People's Republic of China in the Tibetan region, which was previously governed by the Kashag. The People's Republic of China referred to the policy as the "Tibetan Democratic Reform".

After the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959, Chinese authorities set aside their earlier position of "delaying democratic reforms" and began to criticise the traditional Tibetan system, which they characterised as serfdom. Reforms included the promotion of public ownership of land, the confiscation of civilian weapons, and the restriction of the authority of traditional Tibetan leaders to prevent organised resistance.

These reforms coincided with the Great Leap Forward (1958–1962), during which widespread famine occurred across China. Despite this, the Chinese Communist Party maintained its reform policies in minority regions, and famine conditions extended to Tibet.

Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama
Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (born Gönbo Cêdän; 19 February 1938 – 28 January 1989) was the tenth Panchen Lama, officially the 10th Panchen Erdeni (Chinese: 第十世班禅额尔德尼; lit. 'Number-10-lifetime Great Scholar the Treasure'), of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. According to Tibetan Buddhism, Panchen Lamas are living emanations of the buddha Amitabha. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen.
2007 Castilian-Manchegan regional election
The 2007 Castilian-Manchegan regional election was held on Sunday, 27 May 2007, to elect the 7th Cortes of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. All 47 seats in the Cortes were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

2007 Spanish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Spain during 2007 to elect the regional parliaments of thirteen of the seventeen autonomous communities: Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Extremadura, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre and the Valencian Community; and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. 812 of 1,206 seats in the regional parliaments were up for election, as well as the 50 seats in the regional assemblies of the autonomous cities. The elections were held on 27 May (concurrently with local elections all across the country).

The results saw few changes overall, with most incumbent governments remaining in power. The only exception was the People's Party (PP) government in the Balearic Islands, which was replaced by a coalition led by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
2001 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 2001 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 2001 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by second-year head coach Bobby Williams, the Spartans compiled an overall record of 7–5 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, tying for eighth place in the Big Ten. Michigan State was invited to the Silicon Valley Football Classic, where the Spartans defeated Fresno State. The team played home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan.

The controversial final play of the home game against Michigan on November 3 led to a change in the official timekeeping policy of the Big Ten Conference.  Beginning in 2002, a neutral official appointed by the Big Ten keeps track of the game time on the field.

2001 Michigan vs. Michigan State football game
The 2001 Michigan vs. Michigan State football game, sometimes called The Clock incident or Clockgate, was played on November 3, 2001 at Spartan Stadium.

While the game was closely played throughout, it is the game's conclusion that is most remembered. On fourth-and-goal, Michigan State quarterback Jeff Smoker threw a touchdown pass to running back T. J. Duckett as time expired to win 26–24. Smoker had spiked the ball with one second showing on the clock to allow the Spartans to have one last play.
Bestiality with a donkey
According to various sexologist studies, donkeys are one of the most preferred animals for zoophilia. People who have sex with donkeys may face fines, imprisonment, or capital punishment, depending on the country, and references to bestiality with donkeys may be censored by some governments and publishers. Bestiality with donkeys is more common in rural areas.

Literature, art, and elements of popular culture documenting, referring to, or featuring sex with donkeys have been produced since ancient times. These include depictions on or in gas lamps, stelae, paintings, films, pornography, theater shows, cartoons, novels, poems, jokes, slang, and folk tales. There are also various religious and mythological sources containing beliefs and narratives about donkey sex. In some societies, it is believed that there are benefits to having sex with donkeys.

The Golden Ass
The Metamorphoses of Apuleius, which Augustine of Hippo referred to as The Golden Ass (Latin: Asinus aureus), is the only ancient Roman novel in Latin to survive in its entirety.

The protagonist of the novel is Lucius. At the end of the novel, he is revealed to be from Madaurus, the hometown of Apuleius himself. The plot revolves around the protagonist's curiosity (curiositas) and insatiable desire to see and practice magic. While trying to perform a spell to transform into a bird, he is accidentally transformed into an ass. This leads to a long journey, literal and metaphorical, filled with inset tales. He finally finds salvation through the intervention of the goddess Isis, whose cult he joins.
Dog watch
A dog watch is a work shift, also known as a "watch", in a maritime watch system that is half the length of a standard watch period. This is typically formed by splitting a single four-hour watch period between 16:00 and 20:00 (4 pm and 8 pm) to form two two-hour dog watches, with the "first" dog watch from 16:00 to 18:00 (4 pm to 6 pm) and the "second" or "last" dog watch from 18:00 to 20:00 (6 pm to 8 pm).

This watch exists because, in order for the crew to rotate through all the watches, it is necessary to have an odd number of watches in a ship's day.  Splitting one of the watches in half allows the sailors to stand different watches instead of one team being forced to stand the mid-watch every night. The choice of time also allows both watches, if there are only two, to eat an evening meal at about the traditional time.

Port and starboard
Port and starboard are nautical terms for watercraft and spacecraft, referring respectively to the left and right sides of the vessel, when aboard and facing the bow (front).

Vessels with bilateral symmetry have left and right halves which are mirror images of each other. One asymmetric feature is where access to a boat, ship, or aircraft is at the side; it is usually only on the port side (hence the name).
Macrogastra plicatula
Macrogastra plicatula is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

Subspecies

Macrogastra plicatula amiatensis H. Nordsieck, 2006

Macrogastra plicatula apennina (Gentiluomo, 1868)

Macrogastra plicatula aprutica H. Nordsieck, 2006

Macrogastra plicatula licana (A. J. Wagner, 1912)

Macrogastra plicatula nana (Parreyss in Schmidt 1857)

Macrogastra plicatula plicatula (Draparnaud, 1801)

Macrogastra plicatula plicosula (M. von Gallenstein, 1852)

Macrogastra plicatula superflua (Charpentier, 1852)

Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans
Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Fumigati section. Several fungi from this section produce heat-resistant ascospores, and the isolates from this section are frequently obtained from locations where natural fires have previously occurred. The species was first described in 2014.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Rajani Kannepalli Kanth
Rajani Kannepalli Kanth is a professor, economist, philosopher, and  social thinker. Though born in India, he is a U.S. citizen and has resided overseas for most of his life. His major research interests lie in the fields of Economics, Social Theory and Policy, and Women's Issues. His works have received positive endorsements from iconic intellectuals such as Ravi Batra, Roy Bhaskar, Noam Chomsky, Geoff Harcourt, Robert Heilbroner, John M. Hobson, Jonathan Joseph, Tony Lawson, Ali Mazrui, John McMurtry, Roger Owen, Warren Samuels, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,  Paul Sweezy, and Immanuel Wallerstein. He has, across plus-three decades, taught in the areas of Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science, History, Economics, and Philosophy. He currently serves as the Trustee of the World Peace Congress that he founded in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 2007.  He has also served as an advisor to the United Nations in New York, aside from being on the faculty of major universities around the world.

Ravi Batra
Raveendra Nath "Ravi" Batra (born June 27, 1943) is an Indian-American economist, author, and professor at Southern Methodist University. Batra is the author of six bestselling books, two of which appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list, with one (The Great Depression of 1990) reaching No. 1 in late 1987. His books center on his idea that financial capitalism breeds excessive inequality and political corruption, which inevitably succumbs to financial crisis and economic depression.
In his works, Batra proposes an equitable distribution system known as Progressive Utilization Theory (PROUT) as a means to not only ensure material welfare but also to secure the ability of all to develop a full personality.

Batra has appeared on CBS, NBC, CNN, ABC, and CNBC, and has been profiled in The New York Times,
Time,
and Newsweek.

Since the 2008 financial crisis, Batra has been a frequent guest on radio shows
and featured in numerous publications.
Wom-Po
The Discussion of Women's Poetry List-serv, known as Wom-Po, WOM-PO or WOMPO, is an international listserv devoted to the discussion of poetry by women. Wom-Po was started in December 1997 by poet Annie Finch.  After being housed at Miami University, University of Southern Maine, and Nassau Community College, the listserv is currently housed on Google Groups. The majority of members are poets from the United States, the U.K. Australia, and New Zealand.  Discussion on the listserv has sparked numerous conference panels, poetry readings, poetic collaborations,  spin-off listservs such as the Mom-Po list, journal publications such as a collaborative Crown of sonnets published in Prairie Schooner in 2007, and an anthology, Letters to the World: Poems from the Wom-Po Listserv, published in 2008 by Red Hen Press.

Susan M. Schultz
Susan M. Schultz (born 1958) is an American poet, critic, publisher and English professor at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She specializes in modern and contemporary poetry, American literature, and creative writing. She moved from Virginia to Honolulu in 1990.
Rorik of Dorestad
Rorik (Latin: Roricus, Rorichus; Old Norse: Hrœrekr; c. 810 – c. 880) was a Danish Viking, who ruled over parts of Friesland between 841 and 873, conquering Dorestad and Utrecht in 850. Rorik swore allegiance to Louis the German in 873. He was born in Denmark around 800. He died at some point between 873 and 882.

Waal (river)
The Waal (Dutch name, pronounced [ʋaːl] ⓘ) is the main distributary branch of the river Rhine flowing approximately 80 km (50 mi) through the Netherlands. It is the major waterway connecting the port of Rotterdam to Germany. Before it reaches Rotterdam, it joins with the Afgedamde Maas near Woudrichem to form the Boven Merwede. Along its length, Nijmegen, Tiel, Zaltbommel and Gorinchem are towns of importance with direct access to the river.

The river, which is the main channel in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta system, carries 65% of the total flow of the Rhine.
Spanish royal family
The Spanish royal family comprises Felipe VI and his immediate family, these are Queen Letizia; their children, Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofía; and Felipe's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. The royal family lives at the Palace of Zarzuela in Madrid, although their official residence is the Royal Palace of Madrid. The membership of the royal family is defined by royal decree and consists of: the King of Spain, the monarch's spouse, the monarch's parents, his children, and the heir to the Spanish throne.

Infanta Cristina of Spain
Infanta Cristina (Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia de la Santísima Trinidad de Borbón y de Grecia, born 13 June 1965) is the younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I and his wife, Queen Sofía. She is sixth in the line of succession to the Spanish throne, after her brother King Felipe VI's children, her sister Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, and Elena's children Felipe and Victoria.

On 26 September 1997, on the occasion of her marriage to handball player Iñaki Urdangarin, she was created Duchess of Palma de Mallorca by her father, King Juan Carlos. From 2013 to 2017, she was investigated for possible corruption involving a company she jointly owned with her husband. In 2015, her brother stripped her of her royal dukedom. In 2017, she was acquitted of all charges.

Cristina represented the Crown during the reign of her father. Since October 2011, she has remained apart from the royal family and any official act of the Crown.
Jewish Community of Doboj
See also History of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Jewish Community of Doboj (Bosnian language: Jevrejska opština u Doboju) is an organization representing the Jewish community in the city of Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Doboj
Doboj (Serbian Cyrillic: Добој, pronounced [dôboj]) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of the Bosna river, in the northern region of Republika Srpska. As of 2013, it has a population of 71,441 inhabitants.

Doboj is the largest national railway junction and the operational base of the Railways Corporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the oldest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, aside from Banja Luka, the most important urban center in northern Republika Srpska.
Howard Thurston
Howard Thurston (July 20, 1869 – April 13, 1936) was a stage magician from Columbus, Ohio, United States. As a child, he ran away to join the circus, where his future partner Harry Kellar also performed. Thurston was deeply impressed after he attended magician Alexander Herrmann's magic show and was determined to equal his work. Alexander Herrmann was a French magician and was known as "Herrmann the Great". Thurston eventually became the most famous magician of his time. Thurston's traveling magic show was the biggest one of all; it was so large that it needed eight train cars to transport his road show.

Jim Steinmeyer
Jim Steinmeyer (born November 1, 1958) is an American author, inventor, and designer of magical illusions and theatrical special effects. He holds four US patents in the field of illusion apparatus, including a modern version of the Pepper's Ghost illusion. Steinmeyer has consulted for many famous magicians, including David Copperfield, Doug Henning, Siegfried and Roy, and Lance Burton.

Steinmeyer is also known for his work on Broadway, and received two Drama Desk nominations for his effects in Merlin and Into the Woods. He has also designed illusions for Disney's stage productions of Aladdin, Beauty and the Beast, and Mary Poppins.

Steinmeyer has written multiple books on the history of magic, including the Los Angeles Times bestseller Hiding the Elephant.
Bell's Life in Sydney and Sporting Reviewer
Bell's Life in Sydney and Sporting Reviewer, also published as Bell’s Life in Sydney and Sporting Chronicle, was a weekly English language newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia between 1845 and 1870.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Jim Savarino
Jim Savarino (born 1954 in Wheeling, West Virginia) is an American musician and singer-songwriter born in Wheeling, West Virginia, currently living in Oakhurst, California. He is known for writing contemporary songs that draw from his Appalachian roots, nature and the human condition, often with a humorous point of view. His music connects with environmental groups such as the Sierra Club. Jim's song "Where Have The Mountains Gone" (aka "Appalachian Fall") appears in a documentary film regarding the practice of mountaintop removal mining (MTR). Jim's song "Avoca By Night" appears on the 1993 Fast Folk Los Angeles recording. The Fast Folk recordings are now being maintained by Smithsonian Folkways Recordings.

In July, 2020, Jim signed with Silverwolf Records of Westminster, Vermont.

Fast Folk
Fast Folk Musical Magazine (originally known as The CooP) was a combination magazine and record album published from February 1982 to 1997. The magazine acted as a songwriter/performer cooperative, and was an outlet for singer-songwriters to release their first recordings.
Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages
In the history of Azerbaijan, the Early Middle Ages lasted from the 3rd to the 11th century. This period in the territories of today's Azerbaijan Republic began with the incorporation of these territories into the Sasanian Persian Empire in the 3rd century AD. Feudalism took shape in Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages. The territories of Caucasian Albania became an arena of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire. After the Sassanid Empire was felled by the Arab Caliphate, Albania also weakened and was overthrown in 705 AD by the Abbasid Caliphate under the name of Arran. As the control of the Arab Caliphate over the Caucasus region weakened, independent states began to emerge in the territory of Azerbaijan.

Aras (river)
The Aras is a transboundary river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river as a right tributary. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is 1,072 km (666 mi) and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 km2 (39,000 mi2). The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus.
Chris Curtis (musician)
Chris Curtis (born Christopher Crummey; 26 August 1941 – 28 February 2005) was an English musician. He was best known for being with the 1960s beat band The Searchers. He originated the concept behind Deep Purple and formed the band in its original incarnation of 'Roundabout'.

Pye Records
Pye Records is an independent British record label. It was first established in 1955 and played a major role in shaping rock 'n' roll and pop music history, with artists including Lonnie Donegan (1956–1969), Petula Clark (1957–1971), the Searchers (1963–1967), the Kinks (1964–1971), Sandie Shaw (1964–1971), Status Quo (1968–1971) and Brotherhood of Man (1975–1979). In 1980, the Pye name was dropped due to trademark issues, and the label changed its name to PRT Records (distributing as Precision Records & Tapes). In 2006, the label was briefly reactivated as Pye Records.

In September 2024, the Pye company name and trademark was acquired by the Scottish broadcaster and music producer Tony Currie, who relaunched the label with vinyl records pressed at Sea Bass Vinyl's wind-powered pressing plant in Tranent, Scotland.
START Now!
START Now! (Start Taking Action and Responsibility Together Now!) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization designed to help individuals and families become self-sufficient by educating them and providing them with the support and opportunities available in society and allowing them to become thriving members of the community.  Founded by Financial Services Executive Chris Meek, START Now! holds events, trainings, and workshops to help facilitate the building of a skill set to be successful.

Webster Bank
Webster Bank is an American commercial bank based in Stamford, Connecticut. It has 177 branches and 316 ATMs located in Connecticut; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; New Jersey; Westchester, Orange, Ulster, and Rockland counties in New York as well as New York City.