hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnitka Temirtau
Magnitka Temirtau was an ice hockey team in Temirtau, Kazakhstan. They participated in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship during the 1999–2000 season. Magnitka finished in seventh place in the first round.

Temirtau
Temirtau (Kazakh: Теміртау, romanized: Temırtau; Russian: Темиртау) is a city in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan. The population was 170,481 in the 1999 census, rising to 210,590 in 2015.

The city is located on the Nura River (the Samarkand Reservoir), northwest of Karaganda.
NATO Science and Technology Organization
The NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO) is a NATO agency that conducts scientific and military research across its member states and partner nations. The STO facilitates collaborative research and technology development among member and partner nations. The organization seeks to research, generating, sharing, and applying advanced scientific knowledge, technological developments, and solutions that support the intergovernmental alliance's core requirements and objectives.

The STO publishes a series of scientific reports and studies, most of which are available via the STO Website Publications.

Theodore von Kármán
Theodore von Kármán (Hungarian: (szőllőskislaki) Kármán Tódor [(søːløːʃkiʃlɒki) ˈkaːrmaːn ˈtoːdor], May 11, 1881 – May 6, 1963) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist who worked in aeronautics and astronautics. He was responsible for crucial advances in aerodynamics characterizing supersonic and hypersonic airflow. The human-defined threshold of outer space is named the "Kármán line" in recognition of his work. Kármán is regarded as an outstanding aerodynamic theoretician of the 20th century.
Yamakoshi District, Hokkaido
Yamakoshi (山越郡, Yamakoshi-gun) is a district located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of 2004, the district has an estimated population of 7,424 and a density of 23.89 persons per km2. The total area is 310.75 km2.

Oshima Subprefecture
Oshima (渡島総合振興局, Oshima-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. As of 2004, it had a population of 456,621 and an area of 3,715.38 km2.

Hakodate Airport is located in the City of Hakodate.
Live (Blind Guardian album)
Live is the second live album by German power metal band Blind Guardian. It was recorded during the Blind Guardian World Tour 2002/2003 in Tokyo, Stockholm, Lichtenfels, Venice, Düsseldorf, Milan, Florence, Barcelona, San Sebastián, Avilés, Madrid, Granada, Valencia, Bremen, Moscow, Hamburg, Berlin, Munich, Stuttgart.

A Night at the Opera (Blind Guardian album)
A Night at the Opera is the seventh studio album by the German power metal band Blind Guardian, released in 2002. It is named after the 1975 Queen album of the same name, which is itself named after the Marx brothers film of the same name.

This album continues a stylistic change from power metal into a more progressive sound, with multiple overlaid vocals, choirs, orchestral keys and guitar leads and less emphasis on powerful guitar riffs and heavy rhythms. As a result, drummer Thomen Stauch would leave the group, citing dissatisfaction with the direction the group was going in.
Seth Abramson
Seth Abramson (born October 31, 1976) is an American professor, attorney, author, political columnist, musician, and poet. He is the editor of the Best American Experimental Writing series and wrote a trilogy of nonfiction works detailing the foreign policy agenda and political scandals of president Donald Trump.

Poetry (magazine)
Poetry (founded as Poetry: A Magazine of Verse) is a magazine that has been published in Chicago since 1912. It is one of the leading monthly poetry journals in America. Founded by poet and arts columnist Harriet Monroe, who built it into an influential publication, it is now published by the Poetry Foundation. In 2007 the magazine had a circulation of 30,000, and printed 300 poems per year out of approximately 100,000 submissions. It is sometimes referred to as Poetry—Chicago.

Poetry has been financed since 2003 with a $200 million bequest from philanthropist and Lilly heiress, Ruth Lilly.
Plantain soup
Plantain soup is eaten in various cuisines. In Colombian cuisine, the dish is known as sopa de patacón (fried plantain). There is also sopa de platanos (plantain soup) in Latin American cuisine including Cuban cuisine and Puerto Rican cuisine.

Caldo de bolas de verde (green plantain dumpling soup) is from coastal Ecuador. The dumplings (balls) are made from green plantains stuffed with meat and vegetables. The beef broth includes corn and yuca.

Aguají is a rustic Dominican plantain soup.

Mohinga is a Burmese soup made with banana/plantain stem.

In Puerto Rico the soup is called sopa de plátano (plantain soup) and crema de plátano (plantain cream), and is made with a ratio of three green plantains to one yellow plantain. They are cooked in sofrito, spices, broth, and milk, and the cooked mixture is then pureed. The soup is similar in texture and appearance to chowder and cream soup, and is topped with cheese.

Puerto Rican cuisine
Puerto Rican cuisine consists of the cooking style and traditional dishes original to Puerto Rico. It has been primarily a fusion influenced by the ancestors of the Puerto Rican people: the indigenous Taínos, Spanish Criollos and sub-Saharan African slaves. As a territory of the United States, the culinary scene of Puerto Rico has also been moderately influenced by American cuisine.
Schotia Place
Schotia Place is a heritage-listed former market and now community centre at 201 Bolsover Street, Rockhampton City, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Eaton & Bates and built in 1898. It is also known as former Rockhampton City Markets and Rockhampton Senior Citizens Centre. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Rockhampton City, Queensland
Rockhampton City is the central suburb of the city of Rockhampton in the Rockhampton Region of Queensland, Australia. It is also known as the Rockhampton CBD. In the 2021 census, Rockhampton City had a population of 2,059 people.
Malwa Sultanate
The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom in the Malwa region, covering the present day Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Rajasthan from 1401 to 1562. It was founded by Dilawar Khan, who following Timur's invasion and the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1401, made Malwa an independent realm.

Following the Battle of Gagron in 1519, much of the Sultanate came under the brief control of Maharana of Mewar Rana Sanga, and he appointed one of his vassals, Medini Rai, to rule over the Sultanate. In 1562, the Sultanate was conquered from its last ruler, Baz Bahadur, by the Mughal Empire under Akbar the Great, and it became a subah of the empire. The Sultanate was predominantly ruled by Afghan and Turco-Afghan dynasties throughout its existence.

Mahmud Khalji
Mahmud Khalji (died 1 June 1469), also known as Mahmud Khilji and Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I, was the Sultan of Malwa, in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India. He ascended the throne in 1435 after assassinating Mohammad, the son of the previous ruler, Hoshang Shah. Mahmud Khalji launched an unsuccessful campaign against the Delhi Sultanate; however, under his reign, the Malwa Sultanate reached its greatest height.
2014–15 Russian Premier League
The 2014–15 Russian Premier League was the 23rd season of the Russian football championship since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 13th under the current Russian Premier League name.

The season began on August 1, 2014, when Rubin Kazan opened its season at home against Spartak Moscow. The season ended on May 29, 2015. Zenit won the championship, on 17 May, 2 rounds before the season ended.

2013–14 Russian Football National League
The 2013–14 Russian National Football League was the 22nd season of Russia's second-tier football league since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The season began on 7 July 2013 and ended on 11 May 2014.
Shipwrecks of Western Australia
Over 1400 ships have been wrecked on the coast of Western Australia. This relatively large number of shipwrecks is due to a number of factors, including:

a long and very difficult coastline with very few natural harbours;

powerful storms and gales that are very common at certain times of the year (these winds are normally on-shore);

a long cyclone season rendering all sea travel hazardous and many harbours ineffectual in providing a safe haven;

the inability to accurately measure longitude until the late 18th century, and the tendency to reduce ships' travel time by keeping them in the "Roaring Forties" for as long as possible, which caused many ships to fail to turn north for the Indies at the right time.

Coastal regions of Western Australia
Western Australia has the longest coastline of any state or territory in Australia, at 10,194 km or 12,889 km (20,781 km including islands). It is a significant portion of the coastline of Australia, which is 35,877 km (59,736 km including islands).

The earliest full charting of the coastline occurred during exploration in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

The coastline has some features or organisms that are found on the entire length, while some others are specific to particular coastal regions.

Various government map posters have been created over time, which have examples of coastal form, or types of coast such as the 1984 map with photos.
303 East 51st Street
303 East 51st Street is a skyscraper at Second Avenue and 51st Street in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, United States. The residential building is 360 ft (110 m) with 32 floors.

The building was under construction when, on March 15, 2008, the luffing-jib tower crane used to construct the skyscraper snapped off and fell, killing seven people in what Mayor Michael Bloomberg called the worst construction accident in New York City's recent history.

Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.

A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.

Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.
Kamyshlovsky Uyezd
Kamyshlovsky Uyezd (Камышловский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Perm Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kamyshlov.

Kamyshlov
Kamyshlov or Qamışlı (Russian: Камышло́в, Tatar: Камышлы, Qamışlı) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Pyshma River (Ob's basin) at its confluence with the Kamyshlov River. Population:  26,870 (2010 census); 28,914 (2002 census); 33,462 (1989 Soviet census).
Tylopilus veluticeps
Tylopilus veluticeps is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in Singapore. Originally described as a species of Boletus by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard and Charles Fuller Baker in 1918, it was transferred to Tylopilus in 1947 by Rolf Singer. The bolete has a velvety cap measuring 3.5–6.5 cm (1.4–2.6 in) in diameter, and a smooth, stout stipe that is 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long by 4.5–5.5 cm (1.8–2.2 in) thick. The elliptical spores are 12–15 by 4 μm.

Tylopilus
Tylopilus is a genus of over 100 species of mycorrhizal bolete fungi separated from Boletus. Its best known member is the bitter bolete (Tylopilus felleus), the only species found in Europe. More species are found in North America, such as the edible species T. alboater. Australia is another continent where many species are found. All members of the genus form mycorrhizal relationships with trees. Members of the genus are distinguished by their pinkish pore surfaces.
HMS Ajax (F114)
HMS Ajax was a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built by the famous Cammell Laird company of Birkenhead. Ajax was launched on 16 August 1962 and commissioned on 10 December 1963. She was originally intended to be named HMS Fowey, and laid down as a Rothesay class, but instead became part of Batch 1 of the Leander class.

Leander-class frigate
The Leander-class, or Type 12I (Improved) frigates, comprising twenty-six vessels, was among the most numerous and long-lived classes of frigate in the Royal Navy's modern history. The class was built in three batches between 1959 and 1973. It had an unusually high public profile, due to the popular BBC television drama series Warship. The Leander silhouette became synonymous with the Royal Navy through the 1960s until the 1980s.

The Leander design or derivatives of it were built for other navies:

Royal New Zealand Navy as the Leander class

Chilean Navy: Condell class

Royal Australian Navy: River class

Indian Navy: Nilgiri class

Royal Netherlands Navy: Van Speijk class
Shamanism
Shamanism is a spiritual practice that involves a practitioner (shaman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance. The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, divination, or to aid human beings in some other way.

Beliefs and practices categorized as shamanic have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers, and psychologists. Hundreds of books and academic papers on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism.

Tungusic languages
The Tungusic languages (/tʊŋˈɡʊsɪk/; also known as Manchu–Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered. There are approximately 75,000 native speakers of the dozen living languages of the Tungusic language family. The term "Tungusic" is from an exonym for the Evenk people (Ewenki) used by the Yakuts ("tongus").
Encore Dinner Theatre
Encore Dinner Theatre is a dinner theater in Tustin, California with live performances such as plays, comedy acts and musical shows. The auditorium holds an audience of between 200 and 300 people, depending on the performance. Through the years, the venue has operated under different names and the current name came into use after the 2011 renovation.

Dinner theater
Dinner theater (sometimes called dinner and a show) is a form of entertainment that combines a restaurant meal with a staged play or musical. In the case of a theatrical performance, sometimes the play is incidental entertainment, secondary to the meal. In the style of a night club, the play may be the main feature of the evening, with dinner less important or optional. "Dinner and a show" can also refer to a restaurant meal in combination with live concert music, where patrons listen to a performance during a break in the meal.

Dinner theater requires the management of three distinct entities: a live theater, a restaurant and, usually, a bar.
2024 Idaho House of Representatives election
The 2024 Idaho House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024, alongside the 2024 United States elections. For the first time in thirty years, the Idaho Democratic Party ran candidates in each legislative district on the ballot.

Idaho's 8th legislative district
Idaho's 8th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Steven Thayn, Republican of Emmett, Terry Gestrin, Republican of Donnelly, and Dorothy Moon, Republican of Stanley.
The Polite Force (band)
The Polite Force was a British progressive rock band in the Canterbury scene from 1976 to 1978. The name comes from the 1971 Egg album of the same name.

The band was formed by Mark Hewins (guitar), Max Metto (sax), Graham Flight (bass), and Vince Clarke (drums) after about two years of recording sessions for an album by Caravan keyboardist Dave Sinclair which was unreleased until 1993 when it appeared under the title Moon Over Man. For about one year, Sinclair was also a Polite Force member.

The Polite Force performed with guest musicians such as Tony Coe, Richard Sinclair, Geoff Richardson, Richard Coughlan and Jan Schelhaas of Caravan, Andrew Latimer and Andy Ward of Camel. They recorded demos that were unreleased until 1997 when Voiceprint released some of them on the album Polite Force: Canterbury Knights.

Camel (band)
Camel are an English progressive rock band formed in Guildford, Surrey, in 1971. Led by guitarist Andrew Latimer, they have released fourteen studio albums and fourteen singles, plus numerous live albums and DVDs. Without achieving mass popularity, the band gained a cult following in the 1970s with albums such as Mirage (1974) and The Snow Goose (1975). They moved into a jazzier, more commercial direction in the early 1980s, but then went on an extended hiatus. Since 1991 the band has been independent, releasing albums on their own label.

Despite no new studio releases since 2002, the band are still (as of 2025) occasionally performing live. Their music has influenced artists including Marillion, Opeth and Steven Wilson. Music journalist Mark Blake described Camel as "the great unsung heroes of 70s prog rock".
Ubungo II Thermal Power Station
Ubungo II Thermal Power Station was an extension to the Ubungo I Power Station and began commercial operations in 2012. The power-plant is located in  Ubungo of Ubungo District  in Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The plant has an installed capacity of 100 megawatts (130,000 hp).

TANESCO
The Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) is a Tanzanian parastatal organisation established in 1964. It is wholly owned by the government of Tanzania. The Ministry of Energy and Minerals regulates the operations of TANESCO.

Its business include: electricity generation, electricity transmission, electricity distribution and sale of electricity to the Tanzanian mainland and bulk power supply to the island of Zanzibar.

The company has a workforce of 7,300 persons. Its main offices are located in Ubungo west of Dar es Salaam central business district and it operates regional offices throughout Tanzania.
Robin Chichester-Clark
Sir Robert "Robin" Chichester-Clark (10 January 1928 – 5 August 2016) was a British politician who served as a Member of Parliament for Londonderry from 1955 until February 1974, and to date was the last MP representing a seat in Northern Ireland to be a British government minister.

Parliament of Northern Ireland
The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended because of its inability to restore order during the Troubles, resulting in the introduction of direct rule. It was abolished under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.

The Parliament of Northern Ireland was bicameral, consisting of a House of Commons with 52 seats, and an indirectly elected Senate with 26 seats. The Sovereign was represented by the governor (initially by the Lord Lieutenant), who granted royal assent to Acts of Parliament in Northern Ireland, but executive power rested with the prime minister, the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons.
ITU-T Study Group 13
The ITU-T Study Group 13 (SG13) is a statutory group of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) concerned with future networks and emerging network technologies, infrastructure and cloud computing, including the networking aspects of mobile telecommunications. Examples include: Y.1564, Y.1731, etc.. Recent work includes a series of standards on using machine learning in networking, such as Y.3172, Y.3173, Y.3176, and Y.3181.

Administratively, SG13 is a statutory meeting of the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which creates the ITU-T Study Groups and appoints their management teams. The secretariat is provided by the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (under Director Seizo Onoe).

Seizo Onoe
Seizo Onoe, a Japanese telecommunication executive, is the Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union, the Secretariat of ITU-T. Onoe was elected to the post of Director of the TSB for the term 2023-2026 at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2022 (PP-22).
Rosa Ward
Rosa Ward OBE, JP (10 April 1893 – 17 August 1984) was a pioneer of the Girl Guide movement. She was chair of the Guide International Service from 1942 to 1954. She was a recipient of the Silver Fish Award, the movement's highest adult honour.

Silver Fish Award
The Silver Fish Award is the highest adult award in Girlguiding. It is awarded for outstanding service to Girlguiding combined with service to world Guiding. The award has changed greatly since it first appeared in 1911, initially being awarded to girls on completion of a number of badges, then via numerous stages to the highest award in the Guiding movement worldwide, and then on to its position as a Girlguiding award.
2026 Liga 1 (Peru)
The 2026 Liga 1 de Fútbol Profesional (known as the Liga 1 Te Apuesto 2026 for sponsorship reasons) is the 110th season of the Peruvian Primera División, the highest division of Peruvian football. The season started on 30 January 2026, and the fixture draw was held on 9 January 2026.

Universitario are the defending champions, having won three titles in a row in 2023, 2024 and 2025.

2023 Liga 1 (Peru)
The 2023 Liga 1 de Fútbol Profesional (known as the Liga 1 Betsson 2023 for sponsorship reasons) was the 107th season of the Peruvian Primera División, the highest division of Peruvian football. A total of 19 teams competed in the season, which began on 3 February and ended on 8 November 2023. The season was originally scheduled to begin on 21 January, but the first two matchdays were postponed due to the 2022–2023 Peruvian protests. The fixtures for the season were announced on 30 December 2022.

Universitario were the champions, winning their twenty-seventh league title after defeating Alianza Lima in the two-legged final with a 3–1 aggregate score. Alianza Lima were the defending champions, having won back-to-back titles in 2021 and 2022.
Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.

Mediated reference theory
A mediated reference theory (also indirect reference theory) is any semantic theory that posits that words refer to something in the external world, but insists that there is more to the meaning of a name than simply the object to which it refers. It thus stands opposed to direct reference theory. Gottlob Frege is a well-known advocate of mediated reference theories. Similar theories were widely held in the middle of the twentieth century by philosophers such as Peter Strawson and John Searle.

Saul Kripke, a proponent of direct reference theory, in his Naming and Necessity dubbed mediated reference theory the Frege–Russell view and criticized it. Subsequent scholarship refuted the claim that Bertrand Russell's views on reference theory were the same as Frege's, since Russell was also a proponent of direct reference theory.