hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Infrastructure (Manitoba)
Manitoba Transportation and Infrastructure (French: Transportation Infrastructure Manitoba), commonly known as Manitoba Infrastructure (French: Infrastructures du Manitoba), is the provincial government department responsible for managing infrastructure in Manitoba. It is in charge of "the development of transportation policy and legislation, and [of] the management of the province’s vast infrastructure network."

Manitoba Infrastructure was initially known as Public Works, which changed to Government Services in 1968, when the province expanded the department to include the provision of common services for other governmental departments. In 2016, the department name would be changed to its current one.

The department operates under the oversight of the Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure (Ministre des Transports et de l’Infrastructure), currently Lisa Naylor, who was appointed to the portfolio on 18 October 2023 by the New Democratic government of Wab Kinew.

Executive Council of Manitoba
The Executive Council of Manitoba (French: Conseil exécutif du Manitoba), more commonly known as the Cabinet of Manitoba, is the cabinet of the Canadian province of Manitoba. As of 2023, the current cabinet are members of the New Democratic Party, and have been since 2023.

Almost always made up of members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, the Cabinet is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Canada while being smaller in size. As federal and provincial responsibilities differ, there are a number of different portfolios between the federal and provincial governments.

The Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, as representative of the King in Right of Manitoba, heads the council, and is referred to as the Governor-in-Council. Other members of the Cabinet, who advise (or minister) the vice-regal, are selected by the Premier of Manitoba and appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor. Most cabinet ministers are the head of a ministry, but this is not always the case.
West Chester Bypass
The West Chester Bypass is a limited-access bypass around the borough of West Chester in Chester County, located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It consists of two segments:

A limited-access, two-lane expressway segment of U.S. Route 322 running east–west and bypassing West Chester to the north.

A controlled-access, four-lane expressway segment of U.S. Route 322 running concurrent with U.S. Route 202. The segment runs north–south and bypasses the borough to the east.

U.S. Route 202 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 202 (US 202) is a US Highway running from New Castle, Delaware, northeast to Bangor, Maine. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the route runs for 59 miles (95 km), from the Delaware state line in Bethel Township, Delaware County, to the New Hope–Lambertville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in Solebury Township, where the route crosses into New Jersey. The highway runs through the western and northern suburbs of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, and serves as a toll-free bypass around the city, avoiding the busy traffic and congestion on Interstate 95 (I-95). It is signed north–south and follows a general southwest–northeast direction through the state.
Rietveld, Giessenlanden
Rietveld is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 4 km northeast of Gorinchem.

The statistical area "Rietveld", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 180.

Gorinchem
Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] ⓘ or [ˈɣɔrkəm]), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.
Tulipa linifolia
Tulipa linifolia, the flax-leaved tulip or Bokhara tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the tulip genus Tulipa (Clusiana group), family Liliaceae, native to Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran and Afghanistan. Growing to 20 cm (8 in) tall, it is a bulbous perennial with wavy red-margined sword-shaped leaves, and bowl-shaped red flowers in early to mid-spring. Each petal has blackish marks at the base.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Graphic violence
Graphic violence is a depiction of explicit or detailed acts of violence in mass media. It may be real, simulated live action, or animated.

Intended for viewing by mature audiences, graphic in this context is a synonym for explicit, referring to the clear and unabashed nature of the violence portrayed.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
Michael Huebsch
Michael D. "Mike" Huebsch (born July 19, 1964) is an American Republican politician from La Crosse County, Wisconsin.  He was the 76th speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly, serving a total of 16 years in the Assembly (1995–2011).  He later served as the 15th secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Administration in the cabinet of Governor Scott Walker.

Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly
The Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly is the presiding officer of the Wisconsin State Assembly, the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature.  Article IV of the Constitution of Wisconsin, ratified in 1848, establishes the legislature and specifies the election of officers.  The role and responsibilities of the speaker are defined in the Assembly Rules, originally in Rule 1, and also, under the present rules, Rule 3.
Sneisen
Sneisen is a village in Malvik Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the Mostadmarka area in the southern part of the municipality, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the village of Hommelvik and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the village of Selbustrand (in neighboring Selbu Municipality).  Mostadmark Chapel is located in the village.

Selbustrand
Selbustrand is a village in Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) across the lake Selbusjøen from the municipal center of Mebonden. The village of Fossan lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northeast of Selbustrand. The Selbustrand Church is located in this village.
2016 Fred Page Cup
The 2016 Fred Page Cup was the 22nd Canadian Eastern Junior A Ice Hockey Championship for the Canadian Junior Hockey League. The Woodstock Slammers hosted it for the first time in cup history. The tournament was held May 4th to May 8th at the Carleton Civic Centre in Woodstock, New Brunswick. The Carleton Place Canadians of the CCHL, entered the tournament as the defending champions and looked to three-peat as champions. The tournament champion qualified for the 2016 Royal Bank Cup held in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan hosted by the AJHL's Lloydminster Bobcats at the Lloydminster Centennial Civic Centre.

AYR Motor Centre
The Carleton Civic Centre is an 836-seat multi-purpose arena in Woodstock, New Brunswick. The arena was built in 1995 and includes an indoor swimming pool, fitness center, community, and board rooms. It was home to the Woodstock Slammers ice hockey team of the Maritime Hockey League. and was known to fans as 'Slammerland".
Catacombs of Domitilla
The Catacombs of Domitilla are an underground Christian cemetery named after the Domitilla family that had initially ordered them to be dug. Located in Rome, Italy, are the human-made subterranean passageways used for cemeteries and religious practice. They are among the largest catacombs in Rome, spreading out 17 km, largely along the ancient Via Ardeatine, laid out on four levels, and housing approximately 15,000 bodies underground. The Catacombs of Domitilla are the only catacombs in Rome that have an underground basilica and are one of only five Roman catacombs open to the public. Constructed during the second and third centuries, this labyrinth of underground passages contains frescoes and a wealth of Christian iconography while also presenting masterful engineering skills and innovative architectural techniques.

Good Shepherd
The Good Shepherd (Greek: ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, poimḗn ho kalós) is an image used in the pericope of John 10:1–21, in which Jesus Christ is depicted as the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep. Similar imagery is used in Psalm 23 and Ezekiel 34:11–16. The Good Shepherd is also discussed in the other gospels, the Epistle to the Hebrews, the First Epistle of Peter and the Book of Revelation.
How Dare You? (Electric Six album)
How Dare You? is the sixteenth album by Detroit rock band Electric Six and the thirteenth in their official canon. It was released on October 13, 2017. It is their longest studio album to date. Although this is not technically true as their 2007 album, I Shall Exterminate Everything Around Me That Restricts Me from Being the Master, is longer at 50 minutes. A single of the song "Arrive Alive" was released ahead of the album as an incentive to pre-order it.

Tyler Spencer
Tyler Spencer (born January 22, 1972), also known as Dick Valentine, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and author. He is best known as the lead vocalist, main lyricist, and co-founder of the rock band Electric Six.
Lincoln Park Zoo
Lincoln Park Zoo, also known as Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, is a 35-acre (14 ha) zoo in Lincoln Park, Chicago, Illinois. The zoo was founded in 1868 and is the second oldest zoo in the United States. It is also one of a small number of zoos to offer free admission. The zoo is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). In 2019 it also became an accredited arboretum.

Lincoln Park Zoo is home to a wide variety of animals. The zoo's exhibits include big cats, polar bears, penguins, gorillas, reptiles, monkeys, and other species totaling about 1,100 animals from some 200 species.

The Lincoln Park Zoo was long home to a burr oak tree which was estimated to more than 250 years old.  The tree was cut down on May 2, 2023, due to poor health. Thirty-six scions of the tree were grafted onto root stock and are growing at the Morton Arboretum.

Western lowland gorilla
The western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) is one of two Critically Endangered subspecies of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) that lives in montane, primary and secondary forest and lowland swampland in central Africa in Angola (Cabinda Province), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It is the nominate subspecies of the western gorilla, and the smallest of the four gorilla subspecies.

The western lowland gorilla is the only subspecies kept in zoos with the exception of Amahoro, a female eastern lowland gorilla at Antwerp Zoo, and a few mountain gorillas kept captive in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2001 Tokyo Sevens
The 2001 Tokyo Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that was part of the World Sevens Series in the 2000–01 season. It was the Japan Sevens leg held  at Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium in Tokyo on 29–30 April 2001.

The tournament was the seventh event of the series, and was won by New Zealand who defeated Australia 26–12 in the Cup final.

Japan Sevens
The Japan Sevens, also known as the Tokyo Sevens, is an annual rugby sevens tournament held at the Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium in Tokyo, Japan. It was a part of the Sevens World Series from 2000 to 2001 and from 2012 to 2015.
History of Falls Church
Falls Church, an independent city in Virginia, United States, takes its name from The Falls Church, an 18th-century parish of the Church of England. Falls Church gained township status within Fairfax County in 1875. In 1948, it was incorporated as the City of Falls Church, an independent city with county-level governance status.

Upton's Hill
Upton's Hill, or Upton Hill, is a geographic eminence located in western Arlington County, Virginia.  Its summit rises to 413 feet (126 m) above sea level and is located in Fairfax County just over the Arlington county boundary and just east of the driveway to Upton Hill Regional Park, near the batting cage.
Ložice
Ložice (pronounced [ˈloːʒitsɛ]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Kanal ob Soči in western Slovenia. Until 2007, the area was part of the settlement of Anhovo. The settlement is part of the traditional region of the Slovenian Littoral and is included in the Gorizia Statistical Region.

Anhovo
Anhovo (pronounced [ˈaːŋxɔʋɔ]; Italian: Salona d'Isonzo, Anicova Corada before 1927) is a settlement on the right bank of the Soča River in the Municipality of Kanal ob Soči in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is best known for its cement factory, Salonit Anhovo, built in 1921.

There is a small railway station on the outskirts of the settlement.
Bremer Bay, Western Australia
Bremer Bay is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Jerramungup, Great Southern region of Western Australia. It is situated on the south coast of the state, between Albany and Esperance, at the mouth of the Bremer River. Bremer Bay is 515 kilometres (320 mi) southeast of the state capital, Perth, and 180 kilometres (112 mi) east of Albany. It is on the lands of the  Southern Noongar (sometimes known as the Koreng) people of the Noongar nation. The claim for Native Title was made in September 2006.

Shire of Jerramungup
The Shire of Jerramungup is a  local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, about 180 kilometres (112 mi) northeast of Albany and about 440 kilometres (273 mi) southeast of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 6,507 square kilometres (2,512 sq mi) with Bremer Bay its largest town. The seat of government is the town of Jerramungup.

The Fitzgerald River National Park, within the Shire, covers an area of 2,972 square kilometres (1,147 sq mi). The park is one of the most botanically significant national parks in Australia, containing 20% of Western Australia's described plant species - more than 1,800 in total.
Formiga (footballer, born 1978)
Miraildes Maciel Mota (born 3 March 1978), commonly known as Formiga (Portuguese for "ant"), is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a midfielder. She previously played for professional clubs in Sweden, the United States and France. Formiga holds many international records as a member of the Brazil national team, being the only player present in seven Olympic Games tournaments of women's football form the first edition at the 1996 Summer Olympics to 2020 edition, and a record for appearing at seven different FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments.

Formiga was a member of the Brazil national team for 26 years (the longest in football history) and is the most capped football player (male or female) in the history of the Brazil national teams, gaining her 234th and final cap in a 6–1 win over India at the 2021 International Women's Football Tournament of Manaus. She is the only football player in history (male or female) to play in seven World Cups and seven Olympic Games.

Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Football at the Summer Olympics tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics started on 11 August (two days before the opening ceremony) and ended on 28 August.

The tournaments take place every four years, in conjunction with the Summer Olympic Games. The associations affiliated to FIFA are invited to participate with their men's U-23 and women's representative teams. The men's tournament allows up to three overage players to join the U-23 squads.

The men's tournament was won by Argentina, coached by Marcelo Bielsa, which held a record of having won every match without conceding a goal in the tournament. The Golden Boot was won by Argentina's Carlos Tevez.  The women's tournament was won by the United States.
Petrocephalus hutereaui
Petrocephalus hutereaui is a species of electric fish in the family Mormyridae, Africa. It is only known from the type locality in the Uélé system of the middle Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Mormyridae
The Mormyridae, sometimes called elephantfish (more properly freshwater elephantfish), are a family of weakly electric fish in the order Osteoglossiformes native to Africa. It is by far the largest family in the order, with around 200 species. Members of the family can be popular, if challenging, aquarium species. These fish have a large brain size and unusually high intelligence.

They are not to be confused with the marine and brackish-water callorhinchid elephantfish (family Callorhinchidae) of Southern Hemisphere oceans.
Paul Arzens
Paul Arzens (28 August 1903 – 2 February 1990) was a French industrial designer of railway locomotives and motor cars.

Arzens was born in Paris, at an address along the Boulevard des Batignolles on the northern side of the city. As a young man he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and soon gained recognition as a talented artist able at this stage, unusually, to live reasonably well on the sales proceeds from his paintings. This gave him enough time to pursue other interests in the realms of engineering and design. As his life progressed he accumulated a large collection of his own paintings and gained a reputation for an acute reluctance to sell any.

SNCF Class CC 7100
SNCF's CC 7100 class are part of a series of electric locomotives built by Alstom. The prototype 'CC 7000' (7001 & 7002) were built in 1949 and the production series locomotives CC 7101-CC 7158 followed during 1952–1955. Two of the class are notable for setting world rail speed records: CC 7121 reaching 243 kilometres per hour (151 mph) on 21 February 1954, and CC 7107 reaching 331 kilometres per hour (206 mph) on 28/29 March 1955.
Antonino Saetta
Antonino Saetta (25 October 1922 – 25 September 1988) was an Italian magistrate who prosecuted several high-profile cases involving organized crime in Sicily. He and his son, Stefano, were assassinated by members of the Sicilian mafia in 1988.

Canicattì
Canicattì (Italian pronunciation: [kanikatˈti]; Sicilian: Caniattì) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 34 kilometres (21 mi) east of Agrigento. In 2024, it had a population of 34,295.
Sirik, Azerbaijan
Sirik (Azerbaijani: Sirik) is a village in the administrative unit of the same name, Jabrayil district, Azerbaijan, located on the slopes of the Karabakh ridge, 15 km northwest of the city of Jabrayil.

Jabrayil
Jabrayil (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl, IPA: [dʒæbɾɑˈjɯl] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, nominally the administrative capital of Azerbaijan's Jabrayil District.

A town with Azerbaijani majority and Armenian plurality at various times during the Russian imperial era, and Azerbaijani majority since the Soviet times, it was abandoned since its destruction by local Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. On 4 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces retook the city during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Reconstruction of the city started in 2021, and the first residents returned in 2024.
North Korean cuisine
North Korean cuisine is the traditional culinary practices and dishes of North Korea. Its foundations are laid by the agricultural and nomadic traditions in southern Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula. Some dishes are shared by the two Koreas; however, availability and quality of Northern cuisine is much more significantly affected by sociopolitical class divides.

Historically, Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating in ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in southern Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula, it has gone through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends. Rice dishes and kimchi are staple Korean foods. In a traditional meal, they accompany both side dishes (panch'an) and main courses like chuk (porridge), pulgogi (grilled meat) or myŏn (noodles). Soju liquor is the best-known traditional Korean spirit.

Bibimbap
Bibimbap (/ˈbiːbɪmbæp/ ⓘ BEE-bim-bap; Korean: 비빔밥; lit. 'mixed rice'), sometimes romanised as bi bim bap or bi bim bop, is a Korean rice dish. It is served as a bowl of warm white rice topped with namul (sautéed or blanched seasoned vegetables) and gochujang (chili pepper paste). Egg and sliced meat (usually beef) are common additions, stirred together thoroughly just before eating. The term bibim means "mixing" and bap is cooked rice.

South Korean cities such as Jeonju, Jinju, and Tongyeong are known for their versions of bibimbap. In 2017, the dish was voted the 40th-most delicious food in a Facebook poll by CNN Travel.
Bruce Swedien
Bruce Swedien (/swəˈdiːn/ swə-DEEN) (April 19, 1934 – November 16, 2020) was an American recording engineer, mixing engineer and record producer. He was widely known for his work with Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones, Paul McCartney and Barbra Streisand.

Swedien first achieved widespread recognition as engineer with Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons' 1962 single "Big Girls Don't Cry" which sold over one million copies and stayed at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks.

Swedien won 5 Grammy Awards for Best Engineered Album for his work with Jackson and Jones. He received 13 additional nominations.

Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Lois Vaughan (/vɔːn/,  March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer and pianist. Nicknamed "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and the "Queen of Bebop", she won two Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award, and was nominated for a total of nine Grammy Awards. She was given an NEA Jazz Masters Award in 1989. Critic Scott Yanow wrote that she had "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century".
Causal filter
In signal processing, a causal filter is a linear and time-invariant causal system. The word causal indicates that the filter output depends only on past and present inputs. A filter whose output also depends on future inputs is non-causal, whereas a filter whose output depends only on future inputs is anti-causal. Systems (including filters) that are realizable (i.e., that operate in real time) must be causal because such systems cannot act on a future input.  In effect that means the output sample that best represents the input at time  comes out slightly later.  A common design practice for digital filters is to create a realizable filter by shortening and/or time-shifting a non-causal impulse response.  If shortening is necessary, it is often accomplished as the product of the impulse-response with a window function.

An example of an anti-causal filter is a maximum phase filter, which can be defined as a stable, anti-causal filter whose inverse is also stable and anti-causal.

BIBO stability
In signal processing, specifically control theory, bounded-input, bounded-output (BIBO) stability is a form of stability for signals and systems that take inputs. If a system is BIBO stable, then the output will be bounded for every input to the system that is bounded.

A signal is bounded if there is a finite value  such that the signal magnitude never exceeds , that is

For discrete-time signals:

For continuous-time signals: