hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liu Ba (Three Kingdoms)
Liu Ba (died 222), courtesy name Zichu, was an official in the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He originally served under the warlord Liu Zhang before becoming a subordinate of Liu Bei (the founding emperor of Shu) after Liu Zhang's surrender to Liu Bei in 214. Liu Ba was instrumental in helping Liu Bei reward his subordinates from the treasury without impoverishing the common people after their conquest of Yi Province. Liu Ba also helped write the Shu Ke (蜀科), the legal code of Shu, along with Zhuge Liang, Fa Zheng, Li Yan and Yi Ji. Liu Ba succeeded Fa Zheng as the Prefect of the Masters of Writing in 220 and held office until his death in 222.

Jingzhou (ancient China)
Jingzhou or Jing Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China referenced in early Chinese texts such as the Tribute of Yu, Erya, and Rites of Zhou.

Jingzhou became an administrative division during the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BCE) in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE). It usually corresponded with the modern-day provinces of Hubei and Hunan until the Sui dynasty, after which it referred to the city of Jingzhou.
Castello di Amorosa
Castello di Amorosa is a winery located near Calistoga, California. The winery opened to the public in April 2007, as the project of a fourth-generation vintner, Dario Sattui, who also owns and operates the V. Sattui Winery named after his great-grandfather, Vittorio Sattui, who originally established a winery in San Francisco in 1885 after emigrating from Italy to California.

The winery property was once part of an estate owned by Edward Turner Bale. In 1993, Sattui purchased 171 acres (69 ha) for $3.2 million, then spent another $40 million to construct the castle, outbuildings, and the winery inside the castle; construction work began in 1995.

During the Glass Fire that began on September 27, 2020, the farmhouse suffered major damage, the entire 2020 vintage of the wine Fantasia was lost, but the castle was left unharmed.

V. Sattui Winery
38°29′21″N 122°26′53″W﻿ / ﻿38.489057°N 122.448101°W﻿ / 38.489057; -122.448101

V. Sattui Winery is a winery and retail store located in St. Helena, in the Napa Valley region of California. The winery was originally established in San Francisco in 1885 by Vittorio Sattui who had emigrated from Genoa, Italy. The winery was shut down in 1920 during Prohibition and remained shuttered until 1976 when they opened their Napa Valley store in St. Helena. The winery was reopened by Dario Sattui, great grandson of Vittorio Sattui. The winery president is Tom Davies.

The winery is known for their large retail store and picnic area, which has events such as an annual Harvest Ball. Their wines have received numerous awards and reviews, and are sold exclusively at the winery or online. As of 2013, the winery sold more than 60,000 cases of wine each year.
Circus Polka
Circus Polka: For a Young Elephant was written by Igor Stravinsky in 1942, and scored for wind band and Hammond organ by David Raksin. Stravinsky wrote it for a ballet production that the choreographer George Balanchine did for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. The ballet was performed by fifty elephants and fifty ballerinas. Stravinsky's own orchestration was prepared later, and was premiered on 14 January 1944 by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Stravinsky conducting.

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
Maserati V8 engine
The Maserati V8 engine family is a series of 90°, four-stroke, naturally-aspirated (later turbocharged), V8 engines, designed, developed and built by Italian manufacturer Maserati for almost 45 consecutive years. A racing variant first appeared in 1939, with the V8RI, and a road-going version was later introduced with the Maserati 5000 GT in 1959, and later ending with the Maserati 3200 GT, in 2002. The engines ranged in displacement from 3.2–6.46 L (195–394 cu in), and production continued until 2002. It was later succeeded by (but not to be confused with) the Ferrari-Maserati engine; a separate engine, completely designed, developed and produced by Ferrari, but used in several Maserati models.

Maserati Quattroporte
The Maserati Quattroporte (Italian pronunciation: [ˌkwattroˈpɔrte]) is a four-door full-size luxury sedan produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati. The name translated from Italian means "four doors". The production of the sixth generation ended in late 2023, with the first generation introduced in 1963.
Agriculture in the Republic of the Congo
Agriculture in the Republic of the Congo is mostly at the subsistence level. Self-sufficiency in food production is yet to be achieved. Cassava (manioc) is the basic food crop everywhere in the country except in the southern region, where bananas and plantains are prevalent. Among the cash crops, the most important are sugarcane and tobacco, though palm kernels, cacao, and coffee are also cultivated to some extent. The main consumption crops are bananas, manioc, peanuts, plantains, sugarcane, and yams. Subsistence agriculture is the country's most significant employer, and it is one of the three most important economic sectors. With the government's efforts since 1987, agricultural production has increased due to "abolishing state marketing boards, freeing prices, launching new agricultural credit institutions and closing down most state farms". The Niari Valley in the south is a notable agricultural area.

Niari Valley
The Niari valley is a fertile region in the Niari Department in the south west of the Republic of the Congo. The soil in the area is good and this state is an important agricultural and industrial region.
Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church, North Paravur
Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church is a Syro-Malabar church located in North Paravur. According to Saint Thomas Christian tradition, the church was established in 52 AD by St. Thomas (Mar Thoma shleeha), one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. It is one of the first churches in India and is called an Apostolic Church credited to the Apostolate of St. Thomas who preached and also started the conversion of people to Syriac Christianity here. It is one of the Ezharappallikal (seven and Ara ( Ara In malayalam Royal) churches - Total 8 Churches) that he established in India; the other Seven churches were established at Kodungalloor,  Kokkamangalam, Palayoor, Kollam, Niranam, Thiruvithamcode and Nilackal.

North Paravur
North Paravur (IPA: [vɐɖɐkːɐn pɐrɐʋuːr]; formerly known as Paravur or Parur), is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. It is located 24 km (14.9 mi) north of the district collectorate in Thrikkakara and about 232 km (144.2 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. North Paravur is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located 26 km (16.2 mi) north of the Kochi city centre. As per the 2011 Indian census, North Paravur has a population of 31,503 people, and a population density of 3,490/km2 (9,000/sq mi).
Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7
Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7 is the seventh season of the dance reality show, Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. It premiered on 7 June 2014 on Colors. The series was hosted by Ranvir Shorey and Drashti Dhami but later got replaced by Manish Paul. Madhuri Dixit, Karan Johar and Remo D'Souza were the three judges. The finale took place on 20 September 2014 and was won by Ashish Sharma and Shampa Gopikrishna.

Akriti Kakar
Akriti Kakar is an Indian singer and composer. Her songs, "Saturday Saturday" from the film Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania and "Iski Uski" from 2 States became popular. Akriti was a judge on Zee Bangla's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa: Li'l Champs and was going to appear on Colors TV's Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa.
2020 FA Women's League Cup final
The 2020 FA Women's League Cup final was the ninth final of the FA Women's League Cup, England's secondary cup competition for women's football teams and its primary League Cup tournament. It took place on 29 February 2020 at the City Ground, and was contested by Arsenal and Chelsea.

Arsenal had competed in all but one (2016) of the previous finals, winning five. Chelsea made their first appearance in a League Cup final having been a losing semi-finalist at the hands of Manchester City in each of the last two seasons.

City Ground
The  City Ground is a football stadium in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England, on the banks of the River Trent. It has been home to Nottingham Forest since 1898 and has a capacity of 31,042, with plans to increase capacity to 45,000 and eventually to 52,500.

The stadium was a venue when England hosted UEFA Euro 1996, and is only three hundred yards (270 m) away from Meadow Lane, home of Forest's neighbouring club Notts County; the two grounds are the closest professional football stadiums in England and the second-closest in the United Kingdom, after Tannadice Park and Dens Park. They are located on opposite sides of the River Trent.
Ajibola Adeoye
Adeoye Ajibolalistenⓘ is a paralympic athlete from Nigeria competing mainly in category TS4 sprint events.

Adeoye attended Saka Tinubu Secondary School, Agege in the '80s. representing the school at inter-house sports events. He is his mother's first child. His siblings are Bisi, Segun, Dupe, Samson, Buki, and Sola He was married with children. He competed in the 100m, 200m, and long jump at both the 1992 and 1996 Summer Paralympics. At the 1992 games, he didn't start the long jump competition but did break the world record in both the 100m and 200m to win gold in both events. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics he defended both sprint titles and won a silver medal in the long jump.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Phonological opacity
Phonological opacity is a phenomenon in phonology. Opacity exists when a phonological rule that exists in a given language appears to be contradicted by the surface structure (i.e., actual pronunciation) of words in the language. Opacity is a property of a certain surface structure, rather than a specific rule. The term was first defined by Kiparsky in the following way:

A phonological rule P, , is opaque if one of the following surface structures exists:

instance of A in the  environment;

instance of B created by P in an environment other than ;

Although we sometimes talk of opaque rules, a rule by itself is not opaque, it is the interaction between two rules that creates an opaque surface form (i.e., it becomes difficult to understand which rules were applied and how these rules interacted).

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
1950 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1950 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 7 to elect the next governor of Idaho, alongside elections to the United States Senate, elections to the U.S. House, and other state and local elections.

Idaho changed the term for governor from two to four years starting with the 1946 election, and the incumbent was not allowed to run for a second term (self-succession) until 1958. Republican nominee Leonard B. Jordan defeated Democratic nominee Calvin E. Wright with 52.56% of the vote.

Governor C. A. Robins ran for the U.S. Senate, but lost in the August primary to Herman Welker.

1950 United States Senate election in Idaho
The 1950 United States Senate election in Idaho took place on November 7, 1950. One-term Democrat Glen H. Taylor lost renomination to the class 3 seat to his predecessor D. Worth Clark. Taylor had beaten Clark for the Democratic nomination in 1944, and this year Clark did the same to him.  However, in the general election, Clark was easily beaten by Republican State senator Herman Welker.
Asheum
Asheum is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It was originally named Pedionomus by James E. Sublette in 1964; this name was discovered by Patrick Ashe to be preoccupied by Pedionomus Gould, 1840, so it was renamed to Asheum by both James E. and Mary S. Sublette in 1983, naming it after Patrick Ashe. Asheum is sometimes considered to be a subgenus of Polypedilum.

Polypedilum
Polypedilum is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. This is probably the most species-rich of all chironomid genera. Larvae of Polypedilum may also be among the most abundant invertebrates in eutrophic ponds, reaching densities of up to 1200 larvae per square meter.
Droplet-based microfluidics
Droplet-based microfluidics manipulate discrete volumes of fluids in immiscible phases with low Reynolds number  (<< 2300) and laminar flow regimes. Interest in droplet-based microfluidics systems has been growing substantially in past decades. Microdroplets offer the feasibility of handling miniature volumes (μL to fL) of fluids conveniently, provide better mixing, encapsulation, sorting, sensing and are suitable for high throughput experiments. Two immiscible phases used for the droplet based systems are referred to as the continuous phase (medium in which droplets flow) and dispersed phase (the droplet phase), resulting in either water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion droplets.

Fluorescence spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorimetry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically, but not necessarily, visible light. A complementary technique is absorption spectroscopy. In the special case of single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, intensity fluctuations from the emitted light are measured from either single fluorophores, or pairs of fluorophores.

Devices that measure fluorescence are called fluorometers.
Country Stampede (music festival)
The Country Stampede Music Festival in Kansas is an outdoor country music and camping festival held at Azura Amphitheater in Bonner Springs, Kansas. The festival has been held annually in Kansas since 1996, usually on the last weekend in June (except in 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID pandemic).

The festival was held at Tuttle Creek State Park outside Manhattan, Kansas, from its founding in 1996 to 2018. The 2019 festival was moved to Topeka, initially due to potential flood conditions at Tuttle Creek Lake. Organizers announced the move would be permanent on June 20, 2019. Like many large scale events, the festival was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, the festival had a successful 3-day event despite poor weather. Organizers announced on October 19, 2021, that the 2022 festival would be moved to the month of July to attempt to avoid the history of severe weather during the event.

Charlie Daniels
Charles Edward Daniels (October 28, 1936 – July 6, 2020) was an American singer, musician and songwriter. His music fused rock, country, blues and jazz and was a pioneering contribution to Southern rock and progressive country. He was best known for his number-one country hit "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". Much of his output, including all but one of his eight Billboard Hot 100 charting singles, was credited to the Charlie Daniels Band.

Daniels was active as a singer and musician from the 1950s until his death in 2020. He was inducted into the Cheyenne Frontier Days Hall of Fame in 2002, the Grand Ole Opry in 2008, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2009 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2016.
Rinčetova Graba
Rinčetova Graba (pronounced [ˈɾiːntʃɛtɔʋa ˈɡɾaːba]) is a settlement in the hills southeast of Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.

Ljutomer
Ljutomer (pronounced [ˈljúːtɔmɛɾ] ⓘ; German: Luttenberg) is a town in northeastern Slovenia, 40 km (25 mi) east of Maribor. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ljutomer. Traditionally it was part of the region of Styria. It is now included in the Mura Statistical Region. The economy of Ljutomer is largely based on grape farming and wine making.
Donna F. Tuttle
Donna Frame Tuttle (born April 21, 1947) is an American businesswoman who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism from 1983 to 1988 and as the United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce from 1988 to 1989.

United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce
The United States deputy secretary of commerce is a high-ranking position within the U.S. Department of Commerce. It was created on December 13, 1979, when President Jimmy Carter sent a letter to the U.S. Senate and nominated Luther H. Hodges Jr., who then currently held the title of under secretary of commerce. The deputy secretary serves as the department’s chief operating officer, with responsibility for the day-to-day management of its approximately $11.4 billion budget, 13 operating units, and 46,000 employees. In that capacity, the deputy secretary is also a member of the President’s Management Council. The most recent deputy secretary was Don Graves, who was sworn in on May 14, 2021 and resigned January 20, 2025.
Espenberg, Alaska
Espenberg (Iñupiaq: Iñuiġniq) is a settlement in the U.S. state of Alaska, located 50 mi (80 km) northwest of Deering on the Seward Peninsula at the mouth of the Espenberg River by the Chukchi Sea. It lies within the Northwest Arctic Borough, consisting of a site with five or six buildings. The name is derived from nearby Cape Espenberg.

Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
Northwest Arctic Borough is a borough located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,793, up from 7,523 in 2010. The borough seat is Kotzebue. The borough was formed on June 2, 1986.
Alliance for Fair Board Recruitment v. SEC
Alliance for Fair Board Recruitment v. SEC, No. 21-60626 (2024) is a United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit case in which the court held that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) lacked the authority to approve the Nasdaq's proposed rules requiring listed companies to ensure women and minority directors were on their boards or provide an explanation of why they were not does not square with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

Eastern District of Louisiana

Middle District of Louisiana

Western District of Louisiana

Northern District of Mississippi

Southern District of Mississippi

Eastern District of Texas

Northern District of Texas

Southern District of Texas

Western District of Texas

The Fifth Circuit has 17 active judgeships, and is headquartered at the John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, with the clerk's office located at the F. Edward Hebert Federal Building in New Orleans.

Originally, the Fifth Circuit also included the federal district courts in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. In 1981, the district courts for those states were transferred to the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Tryne Crossing
Tryne Crossing (68°30′S 78°18′E﻿ / ﻿68.500°S 78.300°E﻿ / -68.500; 78.300) is a low but rough pass across Langnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, leading from the southwest arm of Tryne Fjord to Langnes Fjord. Used for portage and sledges and probably suitable for tracked vehicles. The area was mapped from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37), and was photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47). First traversed by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party led by B.H. Stinear, May 13, 1957, and named for its association with Tryne Fjord.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tryne Crossing". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Tryne Fjord
Tryne Fjord is an irregular-shaped fjord that idents the northern side of Langnes Peninsula in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Mapped and named Tryne Fjord (snout fjord) by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Barrier Island lies at the entrance to the fjord.
Ancistrus agostinhoi
Ancistrus agostinhoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Iguazu River basin in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The species reaches 9.6 cm (3.8 inches) SL. It was described in 2009 by A. G. Bifi, C. S. Pavanelli, and C. H. Zawadzki, alongside two other species in the genus Ancistrus: A. abilhoai and A. mullerae.

Ancistrus
Ancistrus is a genus of nocturnal freshwater fish in the family Loricariidae of order Siluriformes, native to freshwater habitats in South America and Panama. Fish of this genus are common in the aquarium trade where they are known as bushynose or bristlenose catfish. In the aquarium hobby they are often referred to as bushynose or bristlenose plecos instead, but this may lead to confusion as "pleco" usually is used for Hypostomus plecostomus and its allies and is often used as a catchall term for any loricariids remotely resembling that species.
Erskine College–Due West Historic District
The Erskine College–Due West Historic District, is a  historic district  in Due West, South Carolina, in the United States. It consists of 88 contributing properties and includes part of the campus of Erskine College as well as private homes, businesses, and other buildings in the town of Due West. On March 19, 1982, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places

Erskine College
Erskine College is a private Christian college in Due West, South Carolina, United States. It is an undergraduate liberal arts college and a graduate theological seminary. The college was founded in 1839 by the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Its sports teams compete in NCAA Division II as a member of Conference Carolinas.