hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polar Earth Observing Network (POLENET)
The Polar Earth Observing Network (POLENET) is a global network involving researchers from 24 nations for the geophysical observation of the polar regions of our planet.

POLENET focuses mainly on data collection of GPS (Global Position System) and seismic sensors, by means of autonomous systems. Its research includes geophysical observations such as changes in magnetic fields as well as tide gauge and gravity measurements. It also makes use of deep-sea multi-sensor observatories as well as space and airborne remote sensing. Data is collected from equipment spanning much of the Antarctic and the Greenland ice sheets, as well as the Arctic regions of Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Russia.

POLENET is able to assemble research from a consortium of Antarctic Network (ANET), Greenland Network (G-NET), Gamburtsev Antarctic Mountains Seismic Experiment (GAMSEIS), Lapland Network (LAP-NET), and Long-Term Network.

Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adjustment, glacioisostasy), the  deformation of the Earth's crust in response to changes in ice mass distribution. The direct raising effects of post-glacial rebound are readily apparent in parts of Northern Eurasia, Northern America, Patagonia, and Antarctica. However, through the processes of ocean siphoning and continental levering, the effects of post-glacial rebound on sea level are felt globally far from the locations of current and former ice sheets.
Sinmara
In Norse mythology, Sinmara is a gýgr (giantess), usually considered a consort to the fiery jötunn Surtr, the lord of Muspelheim, but wife of Mimir. Sinmara is attested solely in the poem Fjölsvinnsmál, where she is mentioned alongside Surtr in one (emended) stanza, and described as keeper of the legendary weapon Lævateinn in a later passage. Assorted theories have been proposed about the etymology of her name, and her connection with other figures in Norse mythology.

Viktor Rydberg
Abraham Viktor Rydberg (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːbraham ˈvɪ̌kːtɔr ˈrŷːdbærj]; 18 December 1828 – 21 September 1895) was a Swedish writer and a member of the Swedish Academy, 1877–1895. "Primarily a classical idealist", Viktor Rydberg has been described as "Sweden's last Romantic" and by 1859 was "generally regarded in the first rank of Swedish novelists."
James Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennin
James Purdon Lewes Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennin, KStJ, PC (pronounced "Kilkennin"; 13 October 1903 – 13 July 1960), sometimes known as Jim Thomas, was a British Conservative politician. He served as First Lord of the Admiralty between 1951 and 1956.

First Lord of the Admiralty
First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the title of the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the direction and control of the Admiralty, and also of general administration of the Naval Service of the Kingdom of England, Great Britain in the 18th century, and then the United Kingdom, including the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and other services. It was one of the earliest known permanent government posts. Apart from being the political head of the Naval Service the post holder was simultaneously the pre-eminent member of the Board of Admiralty. The office of First Lord of the Admiralty existed from 1628 until it was abolished when the Admiralty, Air Ministry, Ministry of Defence and War Office were all merged to form the new Ministry of Defence in 1964. Its modern-day equivalent is the Secretary of State for Defence.
St. Leo Church (New York City)
The Church of St. Leo was a Roman Catholic parish church closed under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 11 East 28th Street, between Fifth and Madison Avenues in Manhattan, New York City.

John McCloskey
John McCloskey (March 10, 1810 – October 10, 1885) was an American Catholic prelate who served as the first American-born archbishop of New York from 1864 until his death in 1885.

McCloskey previously served as bishop of Albany in New York State (1847–1864). In 1875, McCloskey became the first American cardinal. He served as the first president of St. John's College, now Fordham University, from 1841 to 1842.
History of Linux
Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not counting comments, under the GNU General Public License v2 with a syscall exception meaning anything that uses the kernel via system calls are not subject to the GNU GPL.: 7

GNU Hurd
GNU Hurd is a collection of microkernel servers written as part of GNU, for the GNU Mach microkernel. It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation, designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel, and released as free software under the GNU General Public License. When the Linux kernel proved to be a viable solution, development of GNU Hurd slowed, at times alternating between stasis and renewed activity and interest.

The Hurd's design consists of a set of protocols and server processes (or daemons, in Unix terminology) that run on the GNU Mach microkernel. The Hurd aims to surpass the Unix kernel in functionality, security, and stability, while remaining largely compatible with it. The GNU Project chose the multiserver microkernel for the operating system, due to perceived advantages over the traditional Unix monolithic kernel architecture, a view that had been advocated by some developers in the 1980s.
24th Kolkata International Film Festival
The 24th Kolkata International Film Festival took place from 10 Nov 2018 – 17 Nov 2018. Celebrating 100 Years of Bengali cinema, Around 171 films and 150 short and documentary films from 70 countries was screened at the festival.

Kolkata International Film Festival
The Kolkata International Film Festival (KIFF) is an annual film festival held in Kolkata, India. Founded in 1995, it is the third oldest international film festival in India. The festival is organized by the West Bengal Film Centre under the West Bengal Government. In 2019, it was held from 8 November to 15 November. In 2024 the inaugural ceremony of the Kolkata International Film Festival will take place on 4 December and will continue upto 11 December 2024.The 30th Kolkata International Film Festival began on 4 December 2024 at Dhanadhanya Auditorium, in Kolkata, India. A 1966 Bengali film Galpo Holeo Satti by Tapan Sinha opened the festival

Duration will be not less than 60 minutes for featured films. The length of short films must be not more than 30 minutes, and for documentaries not more than 60 minutes. Productions may not be older than two years and must be an Indian premiere.
2023 Allegheny County District Attorney election
The 2023 Allegheny County District Attorney election was held on November 7, 2023, to elect the district attorney of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Incumbent Democratic district attorney Stephen Zappala ran for re-election to a seventh consecutive term but was defeated in the Democratic primary by Matt Dugan, a public defender. Zappala then won the Republican nomination after receiving over 9,000 write-in votes in the primary. He went on to defeat Dugan in the general election, with 51% of the vote.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
16-inch/45-caliber gun
The 16"/45 caliber gun (spoken "sixteen-inch-forty-five-caliber") was used for the main batteries of the last class of Standard-type battleships for the United States Navy, the Colorado-class. These guns promised twice the muzzle energy over the Mark 7 12-inch/50 caliber guns of the Wyoming-class battleship and a 50% increase over the 14-inch/45 caliber guns of the New York-class, Nevada-class, and Pennsylvania-class battleships.

14-inch/45-caliber gun
The 14-inch/45-caliber gun, (spoken "fourteen-inch-forty-five-caliber"), whose variations were known initially as the Mark 1, 2, 3, and 5, and, when upgraded in the 1930s, were redesignated as the Mark 8, 9, 10, and 12. They were the first 14-inch (356 mm) guns to be employed by the United States Navy. The 14-inch/45-caliber guns were installed as the primary armament aboard all of the United States Navy's New York-class, Nevada-class, and Pennsylvania-class battleships. The gun also saw service in the British Royal Navy, where it was designated BL 14-inch gun Mk II.
Boris Goldstein
Boris Emmanuilovich Goldstein (25 December 1922 – 8 November 1987, known by the diminutive Busya) was a Soviet violinist whose career was greatly hindered by the political situation in the Soviet Union. As a young prodigy, he started violin studies in Odessa with the eminent pedagogue, Pyotr Stolyarsky and continued them in Moscow Conservatory under Abram Yampolsky and Lev Tseitlin. As a teenager, Boris Goldstein was singled out by Heifetz as being Soviet Union's most brilliant violin talent. His brother was the violinist and composer Mikhail Goldstein.

Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (/ˈhaɪfɪts/; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1901 – December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian violin school in St. Petersburg. Accompanying his parents to escape the violence of the Russian Revolution, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees."

By the age of 18, Heifetz was the highest-paid violinist in the world. He had a long and successful concert career, including wartime service with the United Service Organizations (USO). After an injury to his right (bowing) arm in 1972, he switched his focus to teaching.
Roridin E
Roridin E is a mycotoxin  of the trichothecene group. In nature it is mainly found in fungi of the Fusarium and Myrothecium species. The Fusarium and Myrothecium species belong to the most prevalent mycotoxin producing species in south-east Asia and Australia, therefore making them a considerable risk for the food crop production industry.

The fungi are abundant in various agricultural products (cereal crops) and their further processed products such as bread. The Fusarium and Myrothecium species invade and grow on crops, and may produce roridin E under moist and cool conditions.

In rats, the symptoms observed after exposure to roridin E and linoleic acid are increased blood glucose levels and a decrease in glutathione. This may attribute to the toxic effect of roridin E due to its ability to delay the absorption and elimination of the mycotoxin.

Mycotoxin
A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης mykes, "fungus" and τοξικός toxikos, "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops.

Examples of mycotoxins causing human and animal illness include aflatoxin, citrinin, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine.

One mold species may produce many different mycotoxins, and several species may produce the same mycotoxin.
Democratic Independent Party (South Africa)
The Democratic Independent Party is a minor South African political party. It formed in 2016 by Anwar Adams, shortly before the 2016 South African municipal elections, winning one seat in the City of Cape Town. Adams was previously a Pan Africanist Congress of Azania councillor.

The party contested the 2021 South African municipal elections, focusing on homelessness and housing. Besides Cape Town, it also contested the Cederberg Local Municipality, with former Democratic Alliance councillor and speaker Banjamin Zass as mayoral candidate.

After a reduction in support in 2021, Adams demanded a rerun of the elections, claiming that it was rigged.

Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, often shortened to the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), is a South African pan-Africanist political party. It was founded by an Africanist group, led by Robert Sobukwe, that broke away from the African National Congress (ANC) in 1959, as the PAC objected to the ANC's theory that "the land belongs to all who live in it both white and black" and also rejected a multiracialist worldview, instead advocating a South Africa based on African nationalism.
1996 Formula One Indoor Trophy
The 1996 Formula One Indoor Trophy took place on December 7–8 at the Bologna Motor Show. The winner was Giancarlo Fisichella in a Benetton-Renault. The 1996 running of the event was the last non-championship Formula One event of any kind, as the event switched to Formula 3000 cars for the next year's running.

Formula One Indoor Trophy
The Formula One Indoor Trophy or Trofeo Indoor Formula One was a non-championship Formula One sprint held every year at the Bologna Motor Show between 1988 and 1996 (except for 1994 when it was not held).

Despite having Indoor in the name of the race, the race was staged outside in a parking lot outside of the arena that hosted the show. The first race was won by Luis Pérez-Sala. The last running of the event was the last non-championship Formula One competition and was won by Giancarlo Fisichella in a Benetton-Renault; the event switched to using Formula 3000 machinery from 1997 onwards; the event was rebranded Bologna Motor Show F3000 Sprint as a result.
Foldnes Church
Foldnes Church (Norwegian: Foldnes kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Foldnes, just north of the larger village of Straume, on the island of Litlesotra. It is one of the three churches for the Fjell parish which is part of the Vesthordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The modern-looking wood-and-leca church was built in a rectangular design in 2001 using plans drawn up by the architect Kolbjørn Jensen. The church seats about 700 people.

Straume, Øygarden
Straume is the administrative center of Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the western part of the island of Litlesotra, just south of the village of Foldnes and southwest of the village of Knarrvika. Straume is the centre of government for the municipality as well as the centre of commerce for the municipality. The large Sartor Senter, a regional shopping center is located in Straume.

A bridge on Norwegian National Road 555 connects Straume to the island of Bildøyna, immediately to the west. This bridge is the only road connection from the mainland to Øygarden Municipality.

Statistics Norway groups Straume and the neighboring Knarrevik together as one large urban area for statistical purposes. The 7.86-square-kilometre (1,940-acre) urban area of Knarrevik/Straume has a population (2025) of 12,971 and a population density of 1,650 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,300/sq mi).
S&P/TSX Venture Composite Index
The S&P/TSX Venture Composite Index is a stock market index intended as a broad market indicator for the TSX Venture Exchange, which lists Canadian companies that do not meet the criteria to be listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.  The index includes about 500 companies, weighted by market capitalization.  It is revised quarterly to remove companies which have a weight of less than 0.05% of the index, and to include companies which, if included, would have a weight of more than 0.05%. The index is managed by Standard & Poor's, which also manages other stock market indices in Canada and other countries.

S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.
Jeugdjournaal
Jeugdjournaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjøːxt.ɕuːrˌnaːl] ⓘ; "Youth News Programme") is a Dutch television news programme produced by the Dutch public service broadcaster NOS for children. The programme has been on air since 1981.

The main evening programme airs at 7:00 pm (CET), running for 20 minutes every night on NPO 3 (formerly Nederland 3). A 5-minute short version also airs on weekdays at 8:45 am. Both programmes are also broadcast on the international satellite Dutch-language television station BVN.

The aim of Jeugdjournaal was to present news that is both of interest to and within the mindset of a younger audience, without shying away from the main national and international news headlines. Because of its use of easy language and simple explanation of current affairs, the broadcasts also attracted a following with adult viewers.

Newsround
Newsround (stylised as newsround) is a BBC children's news programme, which has run continuously since 4 April 1972. Originally John Craven's Newsround, it was one of the world's first television news magazines aimed specifically at children. Initially commissioned as a short series by BBC Children's Department, who held editorial control, its facilities were provided by BBC News. Broadcast on CBBC, the programme is aimed at 5 to 15-year-olds.
Major Rock Edicts
The Major Rock Edicts of Indian emperor Ashoka refer to 14 separate major Edicts of Ashoka which are significantly detailed and represent some of the earliest dated rock inscriptions of any Indian monarch. These edicts are preceded chronologically by the Minor Rock Edicts.

Magas of Cyrene
Magas of Cyrene (Ancient Greek: Μάγας ὁ Κυρηναῖος; born before 317 BC – 250 BC, ruled 276 BC – 250 BC) was a Greek King of Cyrenaica. Through his mother’s second marriage to Ptolemy I he became a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He managed to wrest independence for Cyrenaica (in modern Libya) from the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt, and became King of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC.
1977 Senior League World Series
The 1977 Senior League World Series took place from August 15–20 in Gary, Indiana, United States. Taipei, Taiwan defeated Orlando, Florida in the championship game. It was Taiwan's sixth straight championship.

Senior League World Series
The Senior League World Series is a baseball tournament for adolescents aged 13 to 16 years old that began in 1961. In 2017, the tournament was moved from Bangor, Maine to Easley, South Carolina. (Easley was the site of the Big League World Series from 2001 to 2016. The Big League division was discontinued after the 2016 Big League World Series.) It is patterned after the Little League World Series, which was named for the World Series in Major League Baseball since 2002.

The Senior League World Series is one of seven tournaments sponsored by Little League International. Each of them brings baseball or softball teams from around the world together in one of four age divisions. The tournament structure for each division's World Series is similar to that used for the Little League Baseball World Series.
Coastline of Malta
The coastline of Malta consists of bays, sandy beaches, creeks, harbours, small villages, cities, cliffs, valleys, and other interesting sites. Here, there is a list of these different natural features that are found around the coast of Malta.

Rabat, Malta
Rabat (Maltese: Ir-Rabat [ɪˈrːɐbɐt]) is a town in the Western Region of Malta, with a population of 11,497 as of March 2014. It adjoins the ancient capital city of Mdina, and a north-western part of Rabat was in the Roman city of Melite until its medieval retrenchment.

The Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See to the Republic of Malta is seated in this village. The Local Council of Rabat is also the administrator of Baħrija. Parts of the films Munich and Black Eagle were shot in Rabat. In December 1999, Mtarfa was split from Rabat to form a separate Local Council by Act XXI, an amendment to the Local Council Act of 1993 (Act XV). In 2021, Rabat was transferred from the Northern Region to the newly-created Western Region as part of a reorganization of the regions of Malta.
Belpberg (ridge)
Belpberg is an isolated ridge in the Aaretal between Bern and Thun in Switzerland. The ridge has a width of 2 to 4 km and a length of about 11 km, reaches its highest point on the Chutzen at 892.5 m above sea level and rises up to 370 meters from the surrounding valley plains. Belpberg is bordered on the west by the Gürbetal, on the east by the wide Aaretal and on the north by the Belpmoos, the place where the Gürbetal merges with Aaretal. The southern boundary is formed by a valley furrow near Seftigen. Until 2011, it was in the municipality of Belpberg, which later was merged with Belp.

Chutzen
The Chutzen (or Chutze; 820 m) is a wooded hill of the Swiss Plateau, located halfway between Lake Biel and Bern. It lies south of the village of Frienisberg and belongs to the municipality of Seedorf. On the summit lies a 45-metre-high wooden tower, the Chutzenturm, which opened in June 2010.
Marshall Field and Company Store (Oak Park, Illinois)
Marshall Field and Company Store is a building in Oak Park, Illinois that was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1988.  It is one of the two locations (along with the Evanston location) that the company chose to expand to when it decided to add suburban stores.  The store is a miniature replica of the Marshall Field and Company Building in the Chicago Loop and a twin of the Evanston store.

The building served as a Marshall Field's store from its opening until 1986, when Marshall Field's then-owner BATUS Inc. closed it because it was deemed out of date and too costly to operate. The building housed a Borders, until the chain closed in 2011. Today, it houses several offices.

Batus Inc.
British American Tobacco US (BATUS) was the American subsidiary of multinational company British American Tobacco (BAT), the world's second largest cigarette manufacturer. BATUS served as the U.S. holding company for BAT. In the 1960s, the company diversified into areas such as insurance, drink, and retail.

In 2004, BATUS merged with the other BAT's U.S. business, Brown & Williamson and R.J. Reynolds, to form Reynolds American.