hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst
Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA) (pronounced "KAI-ah") is a professional designation offered by the CAIA Association to investment professionals who complete a course of study and pass two examinations.  The "alternative investments" industry is characterized as dealing with asset classes and investments other than standard equity or fixed income products.  Alternative investments can include hedge funds, private equity, real assets, commodities, structured products, and digital assets.

The Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst Association was founded in 2002 by the Alternative Investment Management Association (AIMA) and the Center for International Securities and Derivatives Markets (CISDM). As of May 2025, there are 14,000 CAIA members. CAIA designees are required to maintain membership in the CAIA Association and adhere to professional and ethical standards.

Tangible investment
A tangible investment is something physical that you can touch. It is an investment in a tangible, hard or real asset or personal property. This contrasts with financial investments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other financial instruments.

Some assets are held purely for their ability to appreciate, such as collectibles, while others are held for the income they generate while they depreciate, such as equipment held for lease. Others exhibit a combination of properties, appreciating in market value while depreciating in book value, such as rental real estate. Timberland exhibits depletion of timber combined with appreciation of land. Other assets’ values fluctuate with supply and demand, such as commodities, which are liquid investments unlike most other tangible investments.

These various properties, together with the lack of correlation to traditional asset class values, make tangible investments a means of reducing overall investment risk through diversification.
Multicover bifiltration
The multicover bifiltration is a two-parameter sequence of nested topological spaces derived from the covering of a finite set in a metric space by growing metric balls. It is a multidimensional extension of the offset filtration that captures density information about the underlying data set by filtering the points of the offsets at each index according to how many balls cover each point. The multicover bifiltration has been an object of study within multidimensional persistent homology and topological data analysis.

Ball (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere; it is also called a solid sphere. It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).

These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and higher dimensions, and for metric spaces in general. A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the planar region bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the region of space bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment.

In other contexts, such as in Euclidean geometry and informal use, sphere is sometimes used to mean ball. In the field of topology the closed -dimensional ball is often denoted as  or  while the open -dimensional ball is  or .
Clary DE-60
The Clary DE-60 was an early transistorized digital computer made by Clary Corporation.  It was a compact (desk-sized) general-purpose computer intended for both scientific and business applications.  It operated on 18-digit binary-coded decimal words used fixed-point arithmetic. Main memory was a 32-word magnetic drum memory. Input and output devices included a console keyboard, printer, paper tape and punched card system. For programming, the system used sequential instructions from the keyboard and plug-boards.
 Custom modules for trigonometric and other functions could be installed.

The system was introduced in 1959.  By 1961, about 18 systems were operating or on order. Clary Corporation was founded by Hugh L. Clary in 1939. Today the company manufactures products such as uninterruptible power supply systems.

Transistor computer
A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable. A second-generation computer, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic-core memory. These machines remained the mainstream design into the late 1960s, when integrated circuits started appearing and led to the third-generation computer.
1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship
The 1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship was the sixth edition of the FIFA U-17 World Championship which was held in the cities of Guayaquil, Portoviejo, Quito, Ibarra, Cuenca, and Riobamba in Ecuador from 3 to 20 August 1995. Players born after 1 August 1978 could participate in this tournament. Ecuador was originally to have hosted the 1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship but due to an outbreak of cholera, that tournament was moved to Italy. It was the first time Ecuador hosted a FIFA tournament.

1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship
The 1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship, the fourth edition of the tournament, was held in the cities of Florence, Montecatini Terme, Viareggio, Massa, Carrara, and Livorno in Italy between 16 and 31 August 1991. Players born after 1 August 1974 could participate in this tournament.

Saudi Arabia, the 1989 champions, were not able to defend their title as they withdrew from the final round of the AFC qualifying tournament, citing the Blue Diamond Affair.

The tournament was originally to be scheduled in Ecuador, but due to the cholera outbreak earlier that year, it was moved to Italy, which hosted the previous year's World Cup. This was the second time a FIFA event was moved from its original hosting country, after the 1986 World Cup was moved from Colombia to Mexico.
APEC Business Travel Card
The APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) is a travel document issued to business travelers who are citizens of APEC member economies. Valid for five years, the card eliminates the need for visas when traveling to other APEC member economies, provided the holder has completed the necessary pre-clearance during the application process.

In 2021, the Virtual APEC Business Travel Card (VABTC) was introduced, offering the same benefits via a mobile application.  Virtual cards are intended to replace physical cards entirely, although each participating economy will decide their own timeline for doing so.  As of 2023, all APEC economies except Russia now accept the VABTC for entry.

Hong Kong resident
The Hong Kong Basic Law classifies residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Chinese: 香港居民) as either permanent residents or non-permanent residents. Hong Kong residents have rights under the Basic Law including freedom of speech, freedom of movement and freedom of religious belief.
Transmit and receive integrated assembly
A transmit and receive integrated assembly (TRIA) is used on a two-way satellite dish to process signals to and from a ground-based system and an earth-orbiting satellite.
The TRIA is the part of the antenna which contains both the feed horn and the circuits which convert high-frequency satellite signals such as X-band, Ku-band and Ka-band to and from the L-band microwave signals used for transmission between the dish and the customer-premises equipment.

L band
The L band is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) designation for the range of frequencies in the radio spectrum from 1 to 2 gigahertz (GHz). This is at the top end of the ultra high frequency (UHF) band, at the lower end of the microwave range.
Suzanne Pinel
Suzanne Pinel, CM OOnt is a Canadian children's entertainer and former citizenship judge.

Using the stage name Marie-Soleil, Pinel performed for twenty years, using stories and songs to teach the French language to kids. She recorded albums, releasing her first disc in 1976, and starred in the television series Marie-Soleil.

In 1991, Pinel was made a Member of the Order of Canada for being "one of the great ambassadors of French-Canadian culture, this Franco-Ontarian teacher has helped promote bilingualism among both the younger and older members of the two language groups". In 2012, she was made a member of the Order of Ontario.

Before embarking on her career as a children's entertainer, Pinel studied nursing at the University of Ottawa. The university awarded her an honorary doctorate in 2002.

She was appointed a citizenship judge in 1997 and served until 2010. Since her term expired she has occasionally served as a guest presider at citizenship ceremonies.

Citizenship judge
The Citizenship Commission is an administrative tribunal within Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).

The overall mandate of the Commission is to assess referred applications to ensure they meet the physical-presence requirements for Canadian citizenship; and to facilitate citizenship ceremonies to administer Oaths of Citizenship for successful applicants.

The Commission consists of independent decision-makers called citizenship judges—officials who fulfill the mandate of the Citizenship Commission. Unlike Justice of the peace, citizenship judges are not judicial officers.  The decision-making role of citizenship judges will cease on July 31, 2027, unless it is further extended by the Minister before that date.
Brereton, Cheshire
Brereton /ˈbrɪərtən/ is a civil parish in the Cheshire East district, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. At the 2011 census, the population was 1,190. Brereton is mentioned in the Domesday book as the Manor of Bretune.
The civil parish includes the hamlets of Brereton Green, Brereton Heath, Smethwick Green, Medhurst Green, Sandlow Green and Davenport.

Brereton Hall, a Grade I listed, Elizabethan house that is in private ownership and not open to the public, was the family seat of the Lords Brereton, but the Lordship ended in 1722 when the fifth Baron Brereton died a bachelor. The adjoining Church of St Oswald is a Grade II* listed building described as "an unusually complete late Perpendicular church". The Bear's Head (formerly the Boar's Head) is a notable half-timbered public house, dated 1615 and also listed at Grade II*.

Cheshire East
Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Congleton, Wilmslow, Nantwich, Poynton, Knutsford, Alsager, Bollington, Handforth and Sandbach.
2014–15 Santa Clara Broncos women's basketball team
The 2014–15 Santa Clara Broncos women's basketball team represented Santa Clara University in the 2014–15 college basketball season. It was head coach JR Payne's first season at Santa Clara. The Broncos were members of the West Coast Conference and played their home games at the Leavey Center. They finished the season 11–18, 5–13 in WCC to finish in  seventh place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the WCC women's tournament, where they lost to San Diego.

Santa Clara Broncos women's basketball
The Santa Clara Broncos women's basketball team represents Santa Clara University  in NCAA Division I basketball competition. The team plays home games at the Leavey Center in Santa Clara, California and are members of the West Coast Conference.
1936 college football rankings
The college football rankings for the 1936 college football season included the first AP Poll, the Toledo Cup rankings based on input from a judge's committee of 250 sports editors, and the Litkenhous Ratings. The 1936 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team was ranked as the national champion in all three rankings.

Jeff Sagarin
Jeff Sagarin (born 1948) is an American sports statistician known for his development of a method for ranking and rating sports teams in a variety of sports. His Sagarin Ratings have been a regular feature in the USA Today sports section from 1985 to 2023, have been used by the NCAA Tournament Selection Committee to help determine the participants in the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since 1984, and were part of the college football Bowl Championship Series throughout its history from 1998 to 2014.
FK Sateska
FK Sateska (Macedonian: ФК Сатеска) is a football club based in the village of Volino, Debarca Municipality, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian Third League (Southwest Division)

Debarca Municipality
Debarca (Macedonian: Дебарцаⓘ) is a municipality in the Southwestern Statistical Region of North Macedonia. The village of Belčišta is the municipal seat. It is the municipality in which Ohrid "St. Paul the Apostle" Airport is located, the second of two international airports in the county.
Union councils of Pakistan
The union councils of Pakistan (Urdu: یونین کونسل), referred to as village councils in villages, are elected local government bodies consisting of 21 councillors, and headed by a Nazim, which is equivalent to a mayor or chairperson, plus a Naib Nazim (vice chairperson). As of 2007, there are 5,375 rural union councils across 115 districts. They form the third-tier of local government and fifth tier overall in Pakistan's administrative structure. The structure and responsibilities of union councils differ across provinces and territories of the country.

Local government in Pakistan
Pakistan is a federal republic with three tiers of government: national, provincial and local. Local government is protected by the constitution in Articles 32 and 140-A, and each province also has its own local-government-enabling legislation and ministries responsible for implementation. District councils and metropolitan corporations are respectively the highest rural and urban tiers of local government in the provinces. Both urban and rural local government have two or three tiers in all provinces except Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where councils are not identified as either urban or rural. There are 129 district councils across the four provinces, 619 urban councils made up of one city district, four metropolitan corporations, 13 municipal corporations, 96 municipal committees, 148 town councils, 360 urban union committees, and 1,925 rural councils. Additionally there are 3339 neighbourhood, ‘tehsil’ and village councils in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The Landlady (novella)
The Landlady (Russian: Хозяйка, romanized: Khozayka) is a novella by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, written and published in 1847. Set in Saint Petersburg, it tells of an abstracted young man, Vasily Mikhailovich Ordynov, and his obsessive love for Katerina, the wife of a dismal husband whom Ordynov perceives as a malignant fortune-teller or mystic. The story has echoes of Russian folklore and may contain autobiographical references. In its time The Landlady had a mixed reception, more recently being seen as perhaps unique in Dostoevsky's oeuvre. The first part of the novella was published in October 1847 in Notes of the Fatherland, the second part in November that year.

Nikolay Nekrasov
Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov (Russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ nʲɪˈkrasəf] ⓘ, 10 December [O.S. 28 November] 1821 – 8 January 1878 [O.S. 27 December 1877]) was a Russian poet, writer, critic and publisher, whose deeply compassionate poems about the Russian peasantry made him a hero of liberal and radical circles in the Russian intelligentsia of the mid-nineteenth century, particularly as represented by Vissarion Belinsky and Nikolay Chernyshevsky. He is credited with introducing into Russian poetry ternary meters and the technique of dramatic monologue (On the Road, 1845). As the editor of several literary journals, notably Sovremennik, Nekrasov was also singularly successful and influential.
Aleksander Lubomirski (1751–1804)
Prince Aleksander Lubomirski (1751 in Kiev – 14 July 1804 in Vienna) was a Polish nobleman, Castellan of Kiev 1785–1790. Son of Stanisław Lubomirski.

Inherited Lubomirski Palace, Opole Lubelskie, from his uncle Antoni Lubomirski, son of Prince Jozef Lubomirski. Married in 1787 to Rozalia Chodkiewicz, who was arrested on espionage charges in Paris during the Reign of Terror and guillotined in 1794 aged 23. They had one daughter, Alexandra Francis Lubomirska, (after her mother's death, also called Rozalia, Rosalie etc.) who married the orientalist Count "Emir" Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski in Vienna in 1804.

Antoni Lubomirski
Prince Antoni Lubomirski (1718–1782) was a Polish nobleman, landowner, and general.

Antoni was the owner of Przeworsk and Boguchwała. He became Grand Guardian of the Crown in 1748. He received the Order of the White Eagle in 1750. He was senator for Lublin in 1752, and was also a Lieutenant-General. From 1778 onward, he was voivode of Lublin Voivodeship, and from 1779 onward of the Kraków Voivodeship. He became Castellan of Kraków in 1779, the top-ranking castellan in Poland, and was also starosta of Piotrków Trybunalski.

He was made a Knight of the Order of St. Andrew, the highest order of chivalry of Imperial Russia.

He bought a large mansion in Opole Lubelskie, previously the Słupecki palace in Lublin Voivodship 1754, and rebuilt it from 1766-1773 as the Lubomirski Palace.

He was married twice: firstly, to Apolonia Ustrzycka in 1749, then to Zofia widow of Jan Tarło, née Krasińska in 1754.
Larisa Sinelshchikova
Larisa Vasilevna Sinelshchikova (Russian: Лариса Васильевна Синельщикова; born February 10, 1963) is a Russian media manager and producer. She is a member of the Academy of Russian Television and a laureate of TEFI — Russian National TV award.

Alexander Lyubimov
Alexander Mikhailovich Lyubimov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Люби́мов; born June 23, 1962) is a Soviet and Russian television journalist, producer and presenter. He was one of the founders an independent television company  VID  (17.14%).  Director General of the TV company VID (1995-1997), General Director of RBC TV (2011-2014), vice-president of the Russian Television Academy.
Chenar-e Razbashi
Chenar-e Razbashi (Persian: چناررازباشي, also Romanized as Chenār-e Rāzbāshī; also known as Chenār, Rāzbāshī, Rāzbāshī Chenār, and Rāzbāshī-ye 'Olyā) is a village in Beyranvand-e Shomali Rural District, Bayravand District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 14 families.

Beyranvand-e Shomali Rural District
Beyranvand-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان بيرانوند شمالي) is in Beyranvand District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bid Hal. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Khar Eshgaft.
2024 Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior
The 2024 Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior was the third edition of the Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior road cycling race. It was held on 12 February 2024 in the titular province of Spain as a category 1.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar.

2024 UCI Europe Tour
The 2024 UCI Europe Tour is the 20th season of the UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are being awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points were awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest were as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2
Chemin de fer de la Rivière Romaine
The Chemin de fer de la Rivière Romaine (reporting mark CFRR) (French pronunciation: [ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də la ʁivjɛʁ ʁɔmɛn]; in English, the Romaine River Railway) is a Canadian short line iron ore mining railway operating in eastern Quebec.

Mine railway
A mine railway (or mine railroad, U.S.), sometimes pit railway, is a railway constructed to carry materials and workers in and out of a mine. Materials transported typically include ore, coal, and overburden (also called variously spoils, waste, slack, culm, and tilings; all meaning waste rock). It is little remembered, but the mix of heavy and bulky materials which had to be hauled into and out of mines gave rise to the first several generations of railways, at first made of wooden rails, but eventually adding protective iron, steam locomotion by fixed engines and the earliest commercial steam locomotives, all in and around the works around mines.
Campo Grande, Misiones
Campo Grande (Misiones) is an Argentine locality in the province of Misiones, the head of the Cainguás department. It borders the municipality of Aristóbulo del Valle, of the same department, and the municipalities of Ruiz de Montoya in the Libertador General San Martín department, Jardín América in the San Ignacio department, Campo Viera and Campo Ramón in the Oberá department, and those of 25 de Mayo and Alba Posse in the 25 de Mayo department.

In the municipality of Campo Grande, there is also the urban nucleus of Primero de Mayo, and another important place is Kilometer 17.

Due to the significant celebrations held on Teacher's Day, Campo Grande is known as the Provincial Capital of the Teacher.

Jardín América
27°03′S 55°14′W﻿ / ﻿27.050°S 55.233°W﻿ / -27.050; -55.233

Jardín América is a village and municipality of Misiones Province in north-eastern Argentina.  It is not the head city of the San Ignacio department, however, it is the largest city in the department. It is located 1,141 km north of Buenos Aires and 104 km from Posadas (the capital city of Misiones Province), on the eastern shore of the Paraná River.
2024 Halle Open – Singles
Jannik Sinner defeated Hubert Hurkacz in the final with a score of 7–6(10–8), 7–6(7–2) to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 Halle Open. This victory marked Sinner's 14th career ATP Tour title, his fourth title in 2024, and his first championship on grass.

Alexander Bublik was the defending champion but lost in the second round to Christopher Eubanks.

2024 ATP Tour
The 2024 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Masters 1000, the United Cup (organized with the WTA), the ATP 500 series and the ATP 250 series. Also included in the 2024 calendar are the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), the Summer Olympics in Paris, Next Gen ATP Finals and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.

Jannik Sinner finished the year as world No. 1 for the first time in his career. He won eight tournaments during the season, including two majors at the Australian Open and US Open, as well as the ATP Finals. He also won three ATP Masters 1000 events.
Michael's Harbour
Michael's Harbour is a designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is just outside Lewisporte. There are no stores or services and residents must commute to Lewisporte for essential services and Campbellton for education until the 9th grade. They commute to Lewisporte for high school. The community had a crisis in 2020 where a house burned down and it was determined that no fire department was obliged to provide services to the community. In February of the same year, the issue was resolved where the Lewisporte Fire Department agreed to provide service in exchange for CA$50 fee per homeowner.

Lewisporte
Lewisporte is a town in central Newfoundland, Canada, with a population of 3,288.  It is situated in Burnt Bay which opens on to the Bay of Exploits.  Lewisporte has a deep water port and related facilities that serve many communities in the region.