hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp.
Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500 (2006), is a United States Supreme Court decision involving Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which provides a private cause of action to victims of employment discrimination.  The Court ruled that Title VII's "employee-numerosity requirement," which limits potential defendants to those maintaining at least fifteen employees, is not a limit on a court's jurisdiction to hear Title VII claims.  The requirement is instead a substantive element of a Title VII claim, which means that a defendant must raise the issue prior to verdict or the requirement will be waived.

Motion (legal)
In United States law, a motion is a procedural device to bring a limited, contested issue before a court for decision. It is a request to the judge (or judges) to make a decision about the case. Motions may be made at any point in administrative, criminal or civil proceedings, although that right is regulated by court rules which vary from place to place. The party requesting the motion is the moving party or movant. The party opposing the motion is the nonmoving party or nonmovant.
Kathgodam railway station
Kathgodam railway station (station code: KGM) is railway station located in Kathgodam town near Haldwani, just 35 km from Nainital Town in Nainital district of Uttarakhand State of India.

The station code is KGM and is 101 km from the headquarters of the Izzatnagar railway division of North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. There are four platforms. A single broad-gauge railway line serves diesel trains.

Izzatnagar railway division
Izzatnagar railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of North Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is located in Bareilly is a railway division under North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 14 April 1952.

Varanasi railway division and Lucknow NER railway division are the other two railway divisions under NER Zone headquartered at Gorakhpur.
Kentucky Karma
The Kentucky Karma was a team in the Women's Football Alliance. Based in Louisville, the Karma played their home games at South Oldham High School in Crestwood, Kentucky, approximately 20 miles northeast of Louisville. From 2005 to 2008, the Karma played in the National Women's Football Association. In 2009, they changed leagues and played in the Women's Football Alliance for 2 years, and subsequently folded in 2011.

Women's Football Alliance
The Women's Football Alliance (WFA) is a semi-pro full-contact women's American football league in the United States. Founded in 2009, it is the largest 11-on-11 football league for women in the world, and the longest running active women's football league in the U.S. Since 2016, the league has operated with three competitive levels: Pro, Division 2 and Division 3. The league is owned and operated by Jeff King and Lisa Gibbons King of Exeter, California. Lisa King is also a wide receiver for the WFA's Cali War.

In addition to operating annual national championship seasons in the United States, the league also operates the WFA International program which organizes international competitions for its own Team United and Team World against each other and all-star teams from other nations. The program also supports international player exchanges and provides logistical support to women's tackle football leagues in Central and South America, Europe, and Africa.
Creole cream cheese
Creole cream cheese is a form of farmer cheese that is traditional in the New Orleans area of Louisiana in the United States. It is made from skim milk, buttermilk and rennet, has a mild, slightly tart, slightly sweet taste, and is frequently mixed with cream, sugar and fruit and served as a dessert. It is often used to make Creole cream cheese ice cream.

In homes it was traditionally eaten for breakfast and served with cream, fruit, or sugar; it can also be served on toast with butter, salt and pepper.

Farmer cheese
Farmer's cheese is pressed curds or an unripened cheese made by adding rennet and bacterial starter to coagulate and acidify milk. Farmer's cheese may be made from the milk of cows, sheep, or goats, with each giving its own texture and flavor.
Halton West (provincial electoral district)
Halton West was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It existed from 1967 to 1975, when it was abolished alongside Halton East when the riding was redistributed to Halton Centre and Halton North. It consisted of the western parts of the Halton region.

Halton Centre
Halton Centre was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It existed from 1987 to 1999, when it was abolished into Wentworth-Burlington, Burlington, Halton and Oakville when ridings were redistributed to match their federal counterpart. It consisted of the central areas of Halton Region.
1951 Albanian Cup
The 1951 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the fifth season of Albania's annual football cup competition. It began in Spring 1951 with the First Round and ended in May 1951 with the Final match. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their first Albanian Cup the previous season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.

The rounds were played in a one-legged format. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

FC Dinamo City
Football Club Dinamo City, commonly referred to as Dinamo City and colloquially known as Dinamo, is an Albanian professional football club based in Tirana. They compete in the Kategoria Superiore, the top tier of Albanian football. Founded in 1950, the club was historically affiliated to the Interior Ministry and having won 18 National Championships, it is considered to be the second most decorated club after local rivals KF Tirana.
Vanport, Oregon
Vanport, sometimes referred to as Vanport City or Kaiserville, was a city of wartime public housing in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States, between the contemporary Portland city boundary and the Columbia River. It was destroyed in the 1948 Columbia River flood and not rebuilt. It sat on what is currently the site of Delta Park and the Portland International Raceway.

National Urban League
The National Urban League (NUL), formerly known as the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, is a nonpartisan historic civil rights organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of economic and social justice for African Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States. It is the oldest and largest community-based organization of its kind in the nation. Its current president is Marc Morial.
Pontefract Priory
Pontefract Priory was a Cluniac monastery dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, founded about 1090 by Robert de Lacy, 2nd Baron of Pontefract, and located in Yorkshire, England. It existed until the dissolution of the monasteries. The church and buildings have been completely destroyed, but the site is still indicated by the name of Monk-hill.

Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (c. 1278 – 22 March 1322) was an English nobleman of the first House of Lancaster, a cadet branch of the royal Plantagenet dynasty. He held the titles of Earl of Lancaster, Leicester, and Derby from 1296 until his death in 1322, and also those of Earl of Lincoln and Salisbury jure uxoris from 1311 to 1322. As one of the most powerful barons in England, Thomas became a leading figure in the baronial opposition to his first cousin, King Edward II.
Joint Victory Campaign 2004
The Joint Victory Campaign 2004 (JVC 2004) was a prominent political fundraising entity during the 2004 U.S. presidential election, operating as a 527 organization—a tax-exempt group engaged in political activities under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code. Established collaboratively by America Coming Together (ACT) and the Media Fund, JVC 2004 functioned as a joint fundraising committee, with its proceeds divided between these two organizations to support their respective political initiatives.

Media Fund
The Media Fund is a 527 group, active in U.S. politics, which supported Democrat John Kerry's campaign for President.  It was formed in 2002, and is led by Harold M. Ickes, a former aide to President Bill Clinton.  Its chief fundraiser is Ellen Malcolm, a former fundraiser for EMILY's List.  Billionaire George Soros was among the largest donors to the Fund.  According to the New York Times, the Media Fund raised $45 million to run issue ads in key swing states.  The Media Fund is one of several 527 groups which supported Kerry; others include America Coming Together and MoveOn.org. After the election, the group experienced a dramatic drop in fundraising success; media reports speculated that major donors had given up on the organization, and were turning their attention to other, more long-term Democratic projects.
East London City (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
East London City (Afrikaans: Oos-Londen-Stad; known simply as East London (Oos-Londen) prior to 1924) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. The seat covered the urban area of its namesake city, a major port and the second-largest city in the Eastern Cape. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Cape Provincial Council
The Cape Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Cape Province of South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, with effect from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The provincial council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1937–1940
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1937 to 1940, as elected at the 1937 state election.

1  In April 1938, the Country member for Ouyen, Albert Bussau, resigned to take up an appointment as Agent-General for Victoria in London. Country candidate Keith Dodgshun was elected unopposed as his replacement in May 1938.

2  On 29 April 1938, the Labor member for Geelong, William Brownbill, died. His widow, Labor candidate Fanny Brownbill, won the resulting by-election on 4 June 1938, becoming the first woman Labor MP in Victoria.

3  On 18 September 1938, the Independent member for Gippsland North, James McLachlan, died. Country candidate Alexander Borthwick won the resulting by-election on 5 November 1938.

4  On 6 May 1939, the UAP member for Hawthorn, John Austin Gray, died. UAP candidate Les Tyack won the resulting by-election on 10 June 1939.

Keith Dodgshun
Keith Dodgshun (31 July 1893 – 12 May 1971) was a politician in Victoria, Australia. He was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for just under 17 years, representing the electorates of Ouyen and Rainbow for the Country Party from 1938 to 1955.
Secret Story: Luta Pelo Poder
Secret Story - Casa dos Segredos: Luta Pelo Poder is the new All-Stars format of the Portuguese version of the reality show Secret Story, which based on the original French version and of Big Brother. It was officially confirmed on 19 February 2015, and the season started on 22 February 2015, lasted 3 weeks, ended on 15 March 2015. The prize is €7,500. Desafio Final 3 housemates won't be able to participate in this season.

In this format the housemates was divided in two groups, and those groups faced each other on challenges, nominations and evictions.

Portugal was the first country worldwide to have four all-star seasons of the format.

Secret Story 2 (Portuguese season)
Secret Story - Casa dos Segredos 2 is the second season of the Portuguese version of the reality show Secret Story, based on the original French version of Secret Story, which itself is based on the international format, Big Brother. The series started on 18 September and finished on 31 December, lasting 105 days. It was broadcast on TVI and produced by Endemol Portugal. The series was the last time that the finale took place in Campo Pequeno, Lisbon.
Chris Jackson (oncologist)
Christopher Glyn Charles Alexander Jackson is a New Zealand medical oncologist, who specialises in gastrointestinal cancers and melanoma. He is professor of oncology at the University of Otago, and consultant oncologist at Dunedin Hospital. Jackson is the founder of Mercy Cancer Care, and co-leader of the Cancer National Clinical Network for Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora. His advocacy led to the creation of the national cancer agency Te Aho o Te Kahu, and he serves on its advisory council. He is the former medical director of the Cancer Society of New Zealand.

The BMJ
The BMJ is a fortnightly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly owned by the British Medical Association (BMA). The BMJ has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Previously called the British Medical Journal, the title was officially shortened to BMJ in 1988, and then changed to The BMJ in 2014. The current editor-in-chief of The BMJ is Kamran Abbasi, who was appointed in January 2022.
2019 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships
The 2019 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships was the third edition of the UCI Urban Cycling World Championships, and was held in Chengdu, China for the third consecutive year.

The 2019 championships comprised events in freestyle BMX and trials

UCI Urban Cycling World Championships
The UCI Urban Cycling World Championships are the world championship events for freestyle BMX, cross-country eliminator, and trials. They are organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of world cycling.
Robert Antoni
Robert Antoni (born 1958) is a West Indian writer who was awarded the 1999 Aga Khan Prize for Fiction by The Paris Review for My Grandmother's Tale of How Crab-o Lost His Head. He was a Guggenheim Fellow for 2010 for his work on the historical novel As Flies to Whatless Boys.

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.
Tube lock
Tube lock (ger. Zünderschloss) was an early form of percussion lock mechanism, invented in 1818. It used percussion tubes placed directly in the priming pan and activated with a blow of the hammer, instead of the more advanced percussion caps. It was used extensively in Austria in 1835-1854 for military weapons (Console and Augustin percussion muskets).

Flintlock
Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint-striking ignition mechanism, the first of which appeared in Western Europe in the early 16th century. The term may also apply to a particular form of the mechanism itself, also known as the true flintlock, that was introduced in the early 17th century, and gradually replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock, the wheellock, and the earlier flintlock mechanisms such as the snaplock and snaphaunce.

The true flintlock continued to be in common use for over two centuries, replaced by percussion cap and, later, the cartridge-based systems in the early-to-mid 19th century. Although long superseded by modern firearms, flintlock weapons enjoy continuing popularity with black-powder shooting enthusiasts.
Heterodox economics
Heterodox economics is a broad, relative term referring to schools of economic thought which are not commonly perceived as belonging to mainstream economics. There is no absolute definition of what constitutes heterodox economic thought, as it is defined in contrast to the most prominent, influential or popular schools of thought in a given time and place.

Groups typically classed as heterodox in current discourse include the Austrian, ecological, Marxist-historical, post-Keynesian, and modern monetary approaches.

Four frames of analysis have been highlighted for their importance to heterodox thought: history, natural systems, uncertainty, and power.

Economist Frederic S. Lee, in 2007 believed 5 to 10 percent of the American economists were heterodox, from both left and right-wing schools.

Methodological individualism
In the social sciences, methodological individualism is a method for explaining social phenomena strictly in terms of the decisions of individuals, each being moved by their own personal motivations. In contrast, explanations of social phenomena which assume that cause and effect acts upon whole classes or groups are deemed illusory, and thus rejected according to this approach. Or to put it another way, only group dynamics which can be explained in terms of individual subjective motivations are considered valid. With its bottom-up micro-level approach, methodological individualism is often contrasted with methodological holism, a top-down macro-level approach, and methodological pluralism.
Finland at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Finland competed at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 6 to 22 February 2026.

Hockey player Mikko Lehtonen and cross-country skier Krista Pärmäkoski were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, figure skater Iida Karhunen was the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

After having rebounded from the 2024 Olympics appearance, Finland won its medals for the first time in four years.

Finland at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Finland competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.

Ice hockey player Valtteri Filppula was the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Cross-country skier Krista Pärmäkoski was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

Finland's final medal haul of two gold and eight total medals, including its first ever ice hockey gold, marked its best showing since winning four golds in 2002 and nine medals in 2006.
Alberto Dahik
Alberto Dahik Garzozi (born 27 August 1953) is an Ecuadorian politician of Lebanese ancestry. He was Vice President of Ecuador from 10 August 1992 to 11 October 1995 during the Sixto Durán Ballén administration.

In 1995, he was forced out of office when the nation's Supreme Court filed a motion to charge Dahik with embezzlement. However, Dahik escaped to Costa Rica where he was granted asylum. In December 2011, he returned to Ecuador while then-President Rafael Correa granted Dahik amnesty. In January 2012, the court acquitted Dahik of all crimes.

Vice President of Ecuador
The vice president of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutiérrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president. Salary of the vice president is US$4,869 per month.

The current vice president is Maria Jose Pinto since 24 May 2025.

Below is the history of the office holders.
Abdelilah Hafidi
Abdelilah Hafidi (born 30 January 1992) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Raja CA and the Morocco national team. He started his professional career playing for Raja CA.

2011–12 Botola Pro
The 2011–12 Botola Pro is the 55th season of the Moroccan Top League, but the 1st under its new format of Moroccan Pro League. It began on Friday 19 August 2011 with MAS Fes beating HUS Agadir 2–0. Raja CA are the holders of the title. MA Tétouan won the 2011–12 Botola Pro, after defeating the runner-up FUS Rabat in the last game of the season at Stade Moulay Abdellah, Rabat. Both teams were pushing for the title until the last game. It was the first time in history of the Botola Pro that a team from the north of the country wins it.
Orthorhombic crystal system
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).
OK Mine & Smelter
OK Mine & Smelter is a heritage-listed mine at Kitoba Holding, Bellevue, Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1902 to 1942. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 October 1996.

Shire of Mareeba
The Shire of Mareeba is a local government area at the base of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, inland from Cairns. The shire, administered from the town of Mareeba, covered an area of 53,491 square kilometres (20,653.0 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several councils in the Atherton Tableland area to become the Tablelands Region.

On 20 March 2013, Mareeba residents voted in favour of a proposal to reverse the amalgamation and to re-establish Mareeba Shire.  The new Mareeba Shire was re-established on 1 January 2014.

In the 2021 census, the Shire of Mareeba had a population of 22,858 people.