hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarah Ruden
Sarah Elizabeth Ruden is an American writer, classics scholar, and translator. She has been a visiting scholar at the University of Pennsylvania since 2018. Her publications include poetry, essays, and popularizations of Biblical philology, religious criticism and interpretation.

Confessions (Augustine)
Confessions (Latin: Confessiones) is an autobiographical work by Augustine of Hippo, consisting of 13 books written in Latin between AD 397 and 400. The work outlines Augustine's sinful youth and his conversion to Christianity. Modern English translations are sometimes published under the title The Confessions of Saint Augustine in order to distinguish it from other books with similar titles. Its original title was Confessions in Thirteen Books; it was composed to be read out loud, with each book being a complete unit.

Confessions is generally considered one of Augustine's most important texts. It is widely seen as the first autobiography written in the Western world (Ovid had invented the genre at the start of the first century AD with his Tristia) and was an influential model for Christian writers throughout the Middle Ages. Henry Chadwick wrote that Confessions will "always rank among the great masterpieces of western literature".
Moti Mahal (restaurant)
Moti Mahal is a restaurant chain founded in Delhi, India. Founded after the partition of India in 1947, the Moti Mahal in Delhi was founded by Kundan Lal Gujral, Kundan Lal Jaggi and Thakur Das Magu as one of the first restaurants to introduce Punjabi cuisine and North Indian cuisine to the rest of the world such as tandoori chicken, paneer makhani, dal makhani, and butter chicken.

Internationally, the franchise has restaurants in Bahrain, and the UAE.

Punjabi cuisine
Punjabi cuisine is a culinary style originating in the Punjab, a region in South Asia, which is now divided into an Indian part to the east and a Pakistani part to the west. This cuisine has a rich tradition of many distinct and local ways of cooking.
White jersey
Numerous cycling stage races award a white jersey to signify the current leader and overall winner of a certain competition, or to signify the best young rider in the race. The most prominent of these is the Tour de France, where the jersey is known as the maillot blanc and is awarded to the best-placed rider age under 26. The use of the white jersey to recognize the best young rider in a race is its most common use, though some tours award a white jersey for a different classification.

Other stage races, besides the Tour de France, that also award a white jersey for the best young rider include:

Deutschland Tour

Giro d'Italia (known as the maglia bianca, and the cut-off is 25 years instead of 26)

Paris–Nice

Tour of California (where the cut-off is age 23 instead of 26)

Tour of Ireland

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Last Man Standing (Jerry Lee Lewis album)
Last Man Standing is the thirty-ninth studio album released by American rock and roll pioneer Jerry Lee Lewis in September 2006. The album consists of duets between Lewis and some of the biggest names in both rock and country music, past and present. The title derives from the generation of 1950s Sun Studios recording artists such as Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, Charlie Rich, Carl Perkins, and Elvis Presley—all of whom had died, leaving Lewis the "last man standing". Lewis died in October 2022, sixteen years and one month following the album's release. Following the success of the album, a DVD Last Man Standing Live was released featuring similar duets with famous artists.

Just Bummin' Around
"Just Bummin' Around" was a hit song for Jimmy Dean as "Bumming Around" in 1952 reached No. 5 in the Billboard Country charts. Another version by T. Texas Tyler also reached the No. 5 spot in the same charts in 1953.

The song was written by Pete Graves. Graves, who also recorded the tune, is quoted as saying that he took lyrics from a rodeo song he had written when he was a rodeo rider, including the lines free as a breeze, I do as I please, nothing to lose and not even the blues, and added them into "Just Bummin' Around." Graves also said he pulled the line "I got an old slouch hat" from an Ernest Tubb song, "Blue Eyed Elaine." He said he waited on Tubb to sue him but he didn't.
Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.

Self-interest
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self. Most times, actions that display self-interest are often performed without conscious knowing. A number of philosophical, psychological, and economic theories examine the role of self-interest in motivating human action. Individuals may have a self-serving bias towards their self-interest.
El Chinal
El Chinal is a town of the Álamos Municipality located in the southeast of the Mexican state of Sonora, close to the boundary with the states of Chihuahua and Sinaloa.  It is located 57.2 km southeast of Álamos and 47.8 kilometers Northwest of El Fuerte, in Sinaloa.  It lies northwest of Casanate in valley among the hills east of the Rio Cuchujaqui at an elevation of 243 meters.

El Chinal is the eighth largest population of the municipality according to the data of the Census of Population and Housing made in 2010 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). El Chinal has a total of 342 inhabitants. It also has a municipal police station.

Casanate
Casanate, is a village in Álamos Municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. It is 48.5 kilometers south southeast of Álamos and 26.7 kilometers Northwest of El Fuerte, in Sinaloa. It lies on the left bank of the Rio Cuchujaqui at an elevation of 140 meters.  Its population at the time of its last census was 69 persons, 37 males and 32 females.
James Forlong
James George Roche Forlong (6 November 1824 – 29 March 1904) was a Major General of the Indian Army who trained as a civil engineer in Scotland and England. He was renowned for his road-building skills through the jungles of India and Burma and for his studies on comparative religion.

Phallus
A phallus (pl.: phalli or phalluses) is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis or a mimetic image of an erect penis. In art history, a figure with an erect penis is described as ithyphallic.

Any object that symbolically—or, more precisely, iconically—resembles a penis may also be referred to as a phallus; however, such objects are more often referred to as being phallic (as in "phallic symbol"). Such symbols often represent fertility and cultural implications that are associated with the male sexual organ, as well as the male orgasm.
2016 Washington Public Lands Commissioner election
The 2016 Washington Public Lands Commissioner election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the Washington Public Lands Commissioner, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of Washington.

Incumbent Democratic Public Lands Commissioner Peter J. Goldmark retired. Democratic conservation attorney Hilary Franz defeated Republican Steve McLaughlin to succeed Goldmark.

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the 10 U.S. representatives from the state of Washington, one from each of the state's 10 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 2.
Madelung synthesis
In organic chemistry, Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces (substituted or unsubstituted) indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N-phenylamides using strong base at high temperature. The Madelung synthesis was reported in 1912 by Walter Madelung, when he observed that 2-phenylindole was synthesized using N-benzoyl-o-toluidine and two equivalents of sodium ethoxide in a heated, airless reaction. Common reaction conditions include use of sodium or potassium alkoxide as base in hexane or tetrahydrofuran solvents, at temperatures ranging between 200–400 °C. A hydrolysis step is also required in the synthesis. The Madelung synthesis is important because it is one of few known reactions that produce indoles from a base-catalyzed thermal cyclization of N-acyl-o-toluidines.

Electrophile
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.

Electrophiles mainly interact with nucleophiles through addition and substitution reactions. Frequently seen electrophiles in organic syntheses include cations such as H+ and NO+, polarized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarizable neutral molecules such as Cl2 and Br2, oxidizing agents such as organic peracids, chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals, and some Lewis acids such as BH3  and DIBAL.
Tommy Hill
Tommy Hill is a former British motorcycle road racer, born 9 February 1985 in Beckenham, Kent. His greatest success was becoming the British Superbike Champion for 2011. He also competed in the World Superbike and World Supersport championships.

Hill quit motorcycle racing at the end of 2012, instead started working as a self-employed graphic designer, but announced in late 2014 that he would be running a British Superbike team during 2015.

After several months of his first season as a team manager with Be Wiser Kawasaki, Hill left in August 2015, and the team folded in September. Hill announced in October 2015 that he would be running his own team named THM – Tommy Hill Motorsport – for 2016 with Yamaha R1 machines, backed by ePayMe, with riders John Hopkins and Stuart Easton.

Croft Circuit
Croft Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Dalton-on-Tees in North Yorkshire, England. The tarmac circuit is 2.127 mi (3.423 km) long and is based on the lands of an airfield, but has long since moved on from being a basic airfield circuit. The circuit holds meetings of the British Touring Car Championship, British Rallycross and Pickup Truck Racing race series.
2013 Conference League South
The 2013 Conference League South was the first season under the new name. Founded in 2013 as a result of the restructuring of the game below the professional level. The Rugby League Conference which was broken up in 2011 was replaced for one season in 2012 by the National Conference League Division 3 which was placed under the banner of the National Conference League which had moved from winter to summer. Bristol Sonics, St Albans Centurions and Nottingham Outlaws moved across from National Conference League Division 3. The top two from Midlands Rugby League Premier Division, Northampton Demons as champions and Leicester Storm as runners-up moved up and a new club Sheffield Hallam Eagles, a joint venture set up by Sheffield Eagles and Sheffield Hallam University made up the 6 team competition. The teams would play each other three times during the regular season with the top four contesting the play-offs. The season ran from April to August

National Conference League
The National Conference League (NCL) was part of the British rugby league system at the top end of the amateur pyramid below the professional Championship. It came under the jurisdiction of the Rugby Football League (RFL). It was replaced by the National Community Rugby League.
2020 in Japan
Events in the year 2020 in Japan.

The first year was largely defined by COVID-19 pandemic that caused the national economy to go into recession, and would continue until October 1, 2021 (when the fourth state of emergency ends). In addition to various historical events, such as the postponement of Tokyo Olympics (until 2021) and with the end of Shinzo Abe era.

Kumiko Okae
Kumiko Owada (大和田 久美子, Ōwada Kumiko; 23 August 1956 – 23 April 2020), née Okae (岡江), was a Japanese actress, voice actress, and television presenter. She was known for her work on television dramas, as well as hosting entertainment and variety shows, such as Renso Game on NHK. Okae also hosted the morning show Hanamaru Market on Tokyo Broadcasting System Television from 1996 to 2014.
Scholomance
The Scholomance (Romanian: Șolomanță [ʃoloˈmantsə], Solomonărie [solomonəˈri.e]) was a fabled school of black magic in Romania, especially in the region of Transylvania. Folkloric accounts state that the Devil himself ran it. The school enrolled about ten students to become the Solomonari. Courses taught included the speech of animals and magic spells. The Devil chose one of the graduates to be the Weathermaker and tasked with riding a dragon to control the weather.

The school was underground, and the students remained unexposed to sunlight for the seven years of their study. According to some accounts, the dragon (zmeu or balaur) was kept submerged in a mountaintop lake south of Sibiu.

Emily Gerard
Emily Gerard (7 May 1849 – 11 January 1905), later Emily Laszowska, was a 19th-century Scottish author best known for the influence her collections of Transylvanian folklore had on Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula.
Wendy Saddington
Wendy June Saddington (26 September 1949 – 21 June 2013), also known as Gandharvika Dasi, was an Australian blues, soul and jazz singer, and was in the bands Chain, Copperwine and the Wendy Saddington Band. She wrote for teen pop newspaper Go-Set from September 1969 to September 1970 as an agony aunt in her weekly "Takes Care of Business" column, and as a feature writer. Saddington had Top 30 chart success with her 1972 solo single "Looking Through a Window", which was written and produced by Billy Thorpe and Warren Morgan of the Aztecs. After adopting Krishna Consciousness in the 1970s she took the name Gandharvika Dasi. In March 2013 she was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer and died in June, aged 63.

Ross Wilson (musician)
Ross Andrew Wilson (born 18 November 1947) is an Australian singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He is the co-founder and frontman of the long-standing rock groups Daddy Cool and Mondo Rock, as well as a number of other former bands, in addition to performing solo. He has produced records for bands such as Skyhooks and Jo Jo Zep & the Falcons, as well as for those of his own bands. He appeared as a judge on celebrity singing TV series It Takes Two from 2005. Wilson was individually inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame in 1989 and again as a member of Daddy Cool in 2006. Ross currently resides in the Melbourne suburb of Port Melbourne.
Harnam Khera
Harnam Khera is a village in Asoha block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities. As of 2011, its population is 347, in 81 households.

The 1961 census recorded Harnam Khera as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 203 (90 male and 113 female), in 41 households and 32 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 640 acres.

Asoha
Asoha is a village in Purwa tehsil of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located about 16 km north of Purwa, the tehsil headquarters, and 51 km east of Unnao, the district headquarters. The main crops grown here are wheat, barley, gram, juwar, paddy, and pulses, and irrigation is provided by a canal as well as by tanks. The soil here is mostly clay. As of 2011, the population of Asoha is 3,709, in 856 households.

Asoha is the headquarters of a community development block, which was first inaugurated on 1 July 1956 in order to oversee implementation of India's Five-Year Plans at a local and rural level. As of 2011, the block comprises 122 rural villages (including Asoha itself), with a total population of 153,798 people in 30,885 households. Asoha is also the headquarters of a nyaya panchayat.
Kōji Yusa
Kōji Yusa (遊佐 浩二, Yusa Kōji; born August 12, 1968) is a freelance Japanese voice actor and narrator, born and raised in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto. He is best known for his roles in Bleach as Gin Ichimaru, Choja Raideen as Raideen Owl, the Sonic the Hedgehog series as Shadow the Hedgehog, Battle Vixens as Zuo Ci and Xu Huang, Majin Tantei Nōgami Neuro as Eiji Sasazuka, Zettai Karen Children as Kyōsuke Hyōbu, Yowamushi Pedal as Akira Midousuji, and Kamen Rider Den-O as Urataros.

Bleach: Heat the Soul
Bleach: Heat the Soul is a series of fighting games developed by Eighting and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. They are based on the manga and anime series Bleach by Tite Kubo. All installments have been released only in Japan.

Each installment has several methods of play, with different types of game modes. New games have introduced additional modes that usually carry over to the sequels. Using characters taken directly from Bleach manga, the player uses each character's unique abilities to battle and defeat an opponent. New games expand on the series' plotline in "Story Mode" or, as it is known in Heat the Soul 3 and 4, "Mission Mode", which generally stays true to the source material. Because of this, the character roster increases with each installment.
BCE Inc v 1976 Debentureholders
BCE Inc v 1976 Debentureholders, 2008 SCC 69 (CanLII), [2008] 3 SCR 560 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the nature of the duties of corporate directors to act in the best interests of the corporation, "viewed as a good corporate citizen". This case introduced the principle of fair treatment as an organizing principle in Canadian corporate law.

Oppression remedy
In corporate law in Commonwealth countries, an oppression remedy is a statutory right available to oppressed shareholders. It empowers the shareholders to bring an action against the corporation in which they own shares when the conduct of the company has an effect that is oppressive, unfairly prejudicial, or unfairly disregards the interests of a shareholder. It was introduced in response to Foss v Harbottle, which had held that where a company's actions were ratified by a majority of the shareholders, the courts will not generally interfere.

It has been widely copied in companies legislation throughout the Commonwealth, including:

the Canada Business Corporations Act, and
the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia
the Companies Act 1993 of New Zealand
the Companies Act, 2008 of South Africa
the Companies Act of Singapore
the Companies Act 1965 of Malaysia

The Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong also contains similar provisions.
Martin Flavin
Martin Archer Flavin (November 2, 1883 – December 27, 1967) was an American playwright and novelist. His novel Journey in the Dark received both the Harper Prize for 1943 and a Pulitzer Prize for 1944. His play The Criminal Code was produced on Broadway in 1929, and it was the basis for the movie The Criminal Code. He had eleven plays on Broadway between 1923 and 1937.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Glypromate
Glypromate (Gly-Pro-Glu, GPE) is a tripeptide fragment derived from the N-terminus of the endogenous growth factor IGF-1. It has antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects and is of interest in the treatment of neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The simple GPE peptide has poor blood-brain barrier penetration and is rapidly metabolised in the body, however a number of synthetic derivatives of GPE have been developed with improved properties.

Tripeptide
A tripeptide is a peptide derived from three amino acids joined by two or sometimes three peptide bonds. As for proteins, the function of peptides is determined by the constituent amino acids and their sequence. In terms of scientific investigations, the dominant tripeptide is glutathione (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine), which serves many roles in many forms of life.
Eti Maden
Eti Maden is a Turkish state-owned mining and chemicals company focusing on boron products. It holds a government monopoly on the mining of borate minerals in Turkey, which possesses 73% of the world's known deposits. In 2012, it held a 47% share of global production of borate minerals, ahead of its main competitor, Rio Tinto Group, which held 23%. It is owned by the Turkey Wealth Fund.

In 2012, it was the forty-first largest industrial company in Turkey, with an annual revenue of $850 million.

It was founded in 1935 as Etibank, a bank created to finance Turkish natural resource extraction; in 1993, the company's banking activities were privatized, and its mining activities separated under the name Eti Holding A.Ş. In 2004, the company was restructured again and named Eti Mine Works.

Turkey Wealth Fund
The Turkey Wealth Fund (TWF; Turkish: Türkiye Varlık Fonu, TVF) is the sovereign wealth fund of Turkey. It was established on 26 August 2016 under Law No. 6741, with the purpose of contributing to the development of strategic investments, supporting large-scale infrastructure, and strengthening capital markets

As of 2024, its assets under management were estimated at more than US $360 billion, placing the fund among the 10 largest sovereign wealth funds in the world, according to the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute.

TWF's operations have been characterized as secretive and opaque.