hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm Hanle
Wilhelm Hanle (13 January 1901 – 29 April 1993) was a German experimental physicist. He is known for the Hanle effect. During World War II, he made contributions to the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. From 1941 until emeritus status in 1969, he was an ordinarius professor of experimental physics and held the chair of physics at the University of Giessen.

Paul Harteck
Paul Karl Maria Harteck (20 July 1902 – 22 January 1985) was an Austrian physical chemist. In 1945 under Operation Epsilon in "the big sweep" throughout Germany, Harteck was arrested by the allied British and American Armed Forces for suspicion of aiding the Nazis in their nuclear weapons program and he was incarcerated at Farm Hall, an English house fitted with covert electronic listening devices, for six months.
Revised Dwikora Cabinet
The Revised Dwikora Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Dwikora Yang Disempurnakan) was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Sukarno from February 1966 to March 1966. The cabinet was formed under an extremely tense political situation, and it was expected that this cabinet would address the concerns of the people. It was during a meeting of this cabinet that unidentified troops surrounded the Presidential Palace causing to Sukarno to escape to Bogor from where he gave Supersemar to Lieutenant General Suharto.

Hamengkubuwono IX
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Hanacaraka: ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ꧇꧙꧇; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese royal who was the second vice president of Indonesia, the ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was also the chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter and was known as the Father of the Indonesian Scouts.
Dobb-e Said
Dobb-e Said (Persian: دب سعيد, also Romanized as Dobb-e Sa‘īd; also known as Dūb-e Sa‘īd) is a village in Esmailiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 150, in 22 families.

Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District
Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسماعیلیه شمالی) is in Esmailiyeh District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khobeyneh-ye Sofla. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Safheh-ye Yek.
Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments
The Ykhlas Museum of Folk Musical Instruments (Kazakh: Ықылас атындағы халық музыкалық аспаптар музейі, Yqylas atyndağy halyq muzykalyq aspaptar muzeyı, [ɯqɯˈlɑs ɑtɯndɑˈɣɯ xɑlˈɯq muzɨˈkalɯq ɑspɑpˈtɑr muˈzʲɛjə]) is a musical instrument museum located in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Located in Panfilov Park, the wooden building was erected in 1908, simultaneously with Ascension Cathedral. During the period, the military leadership of the Turkestan governor-generalship once met here for ceremonies and state receptions.

Ascension Cathedral, Almaty
The Ascension Cathedral (Russian: Вознесенский собор Vosnesenskiy sobor, Kazakh: Вознесенск кафедралы шіркеуі Voznesensk kafedraly shirkeýi), also known as Zenkov Cathedral, is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located in Panfilov Park in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Completed in 1907, the cathedral is made out of wood but without nails. It stands 56 meters tall, and is claimed to be the second tallest wooden church in the world.
Femkortskille
Femkortskille ("Five-Card Kille"), also called Knackkille ("Knock Kille") or Bultkille ("Peg Kille"), is a Swedish card game that is played with a Kille pack. The game originated in the middle of the 19th century by transferring the principles of the game of Femkort ("Five Cards") to a game played with Kille playing cards. Like Kille, Femkortskille is traditionally played for money.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.
Fause Foodrage
Fause Foodrage (Child ballad 89, Roud 57) is a Scottish murder ballad of the 17th or 18th century.
It was first printed by Walter Scott in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802).
Scott cited Elizabeth, Lady Wardlaw as the ballad's probable author.

Child Ballads
The Child Ballads are 305 traditional ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century. Their lyrics and Child's studies of them were published as The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. The tunes of most of the ballads were collected and published by Bertrand Harris Bronson in and around the 1960s.
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Football Association
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Football Association (IFOFA) is a football governing body in the region of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. The association is a member of the Regional Council of UAF and the collective member of the UAF itself.

FC Karpaty Kolomyia
FC Karpaty Kolomyia is an amateur Ukrainian football club from Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The head coach of the senior team is Vasyl Blyasetsky. Karpaty plays at the Yunist Stadium that has 5,000 seats.

The club was founded in 2006 as FC Karpaty Pechenizhyn and until 2011 played in the town of Pechenizhyn at Karpaty Stadium. After moving to Kolomyia in 2011, Karpaty applied to be admitted to the Ukrainian Second League in November 2011. In summer of 2012 the original president of the club Dmytro Lashchuk left the club and recreated a new FC Karpaty Pechenizhyn in Pechenizhyn. In 2012 Karpaty Kolomyia won the Amateur Championship of Ukraine.
HMS Botha (1914)
HMS Botha was one of six Almirante Lynch-class destroyer that had been ordered from Britain for the Chilean Navy before the start of World War I in 1914. Four of the ships were still construction when the war began and were purchased by the Royal Navy (RN). Completed in 1915 as a Faulknor-class flotilla leader, Botha was initially assigned to the Grand Fleet, but was transferred in 1917 to the Dover Patrol. She rejoined the Grand Fleet after the war.

Faulknor-class flotilla leader
The Faulknor class were a class of flotilla leaders that were under construction in the United Kingdom for the Chilean Navy at the outbreak of World War I. Six ships were ordered by Chile, of which the first two (Almirante Lynch and Almirante Condell) were delivered to Chile before the outbreak of the war. The remaining four ships were purchased by the British, taken over and completed for the Royal Navy for wartime service. In common with Royal Navy convention, they were named after famous Royal Navy captains of the past, in this case the members of the Faulknor family.
Artabanus II of Parthia
Artabanus II (also spelled Artabanos II or Ardawan II; Parthian: 𐭍𐭐𐭕𐭓 Ardawān), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus III, was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 12 to 38/41 AD, with a one-year interruption. He was the nephew and successor of Vonones I (r. 8–12). His father has been variously identified as a Dahae or Atropatid prince, whilst his mother was a daughter of the Parthian King of Kings Phraates IV (r. 37–2 BC).

Before his ascension to the Parthian throne, Artabanus had ruled as king of Media Atropatene, which later served as his base of attacks against the Roman-supported Parthian king Vonones I. Artabanus eventually defeated Vonones I, who fled to Armenia and became its king. Artabanus' efforts to replace Vonones I with his son were blocked by the Romans, who eventually reached an agreement with the Parthians to appoint Artaxias III the new king of Armenia and renounce their support of Vonones I.

Josef Markwart
Josef Markwart (originally spelled Josef Marquart: December 9, 1864 in Reichenbach am Heuberg – February 4, 1930 in Berlin) was a German historian and orientalist. He specialized in Turkish and Iranian Studies and the history of the Middle East.

The Encyclopædia Iranica wrote that "His books are full of profound and nearly inexhaustible erudition, revealing that their author was a learned historian, philologist, geographer, and ethnologist." The encyclopedia cited his 1901 book Ērānšahr as "still an authoritative work and probably his most important."
Wire of Death
The Wire of Death (Dutch: Dodendraad, German: Todesdraht, French: Fil de la mort) was a lethal electric fence created by the German military to control the Dutch–Belgian frontier after the occupation of Belgium during the First World War.

Baarle-Hertog
Baarle-Hertog (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbaːrlə ˈɦɛrtɔx]; French: Baerle-Duc, pronounced [baʁl(ə)dyk]) is a Flemish municipality of Belgium, much of which consists of a number of small Belgian exclaves fully surrounded by the Netherlands.

Parts of Baarle-Hertog are surrounded by the Dutch province of North Brabant, but it is part of the Belgian province of Antwerp. As of 2021, it had a population of 2,935. The total area is 7.48 square kilometres (2.89 square miles).
Border Amateur Football League
The Border Amateur Football League is a football league for amateur clubs in the Scottish Borders.

The league was founded in 1936 and is affiliated to the Scottish Amateur Football Association. It currently features 25 teams in two divisions, named the A and B. Teams from both divisions compete for the Waddell Cup and Colin Campbell Cup and (providing they enter) the South Cup and Scottish Amateur Cup. The Border Cup is competed for by A Division clubs and Beveridge Cup by clubs from the B Division. The Forsyth Cup is a consolation tournament for teams knocked out in the preliminary and first round of the Waddell Cup.

Scottish Amateur Football Association
The Scottish Amateur Football Association (SAFA) is the organising body for amateur football across Scotland. An affiliate of the Scottish Football Association, the SAFA has in turn 50 regional associations affiliated to it and some 67 different league competitions organised by these associations. There is estimated to be over 35,000 amateur footballers in Scotland, and all of their competitions are co-ordinated at some level by the Scottish Amateur Football Association. The SAFA was formed in 1909 with the purpose of legislating for and fostering the amateur level of football in Scotland.
Your World Awards for Novela of the Year
The Premios Tu Mundo for Novela of the Year,  is a category created by Premios Tu Mundo, presented by Telemundo, In this category the best telenovela Telemundo is chosen. So far the only soap opera that has had 2 nominations has been El Señor de los Cielos.

Your World Awards
The Premios Tu Mundo (Spanish for "Your World Awards") is an annual award presented by the American television network Telemundo. The awards celebrate the achievements of Hispanics and Latinos in the media, including TV shows, movies, music, fashion, and sports. The awards were established in 2012. Telemundo announced that there would not be a ceremony in 2018, but that the seventh edition would be held in 2019.
Protestant ecclesiology
The term Protestant ecclesiology refers to the spectrum of teachings held by the Protestant Reformers concerning the nature and mystery of the invisible church that is known in Protestantism as the Christian Church.

Church invisible
The church invisible,  invisible church, mystical church or church mystical, is a Christian theological concept of an "invisible" Christian Church of the elect who are known only to those who are Christian followers of the gospel of Jesus Christ and genuinely saved, in contrast to the "visible church"—that is, the institutional body on earth which preaches the gospel and administers the sacraments. Every member of the invisible church is "saved", while the visible church contains all individuals who are saved though also having some who are "unsaved". According to this view, Bible passages such as Matthew 7:21–27, Matthew 13:24–30, and Matthew 24:29–51 speak about this distinction.
Upper Grosvenor Street
Upper Grosvenor Street is a one-way Georgian street in Mayfair, London, United Kingdom. It runs from the north side of the Grosvenor House Hotel (fronting Park Lane) to the south side of the London Chancery Building (fronting Grosvenor Square); both have the longest frontage of their respective streets.

Duke of Westminster
Duke of Westminster is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created by Queen Victoria in 1874 and bestowed upon Hugh Grosvenor, 3rd Marquess of Westminster. It is the most recent dukedom conferred on someone not related to the British royal family.

The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Dukes were each grandsons of the first. The present holder of the title is Hugh Grosvenor, the 7th Duke, who inherited the dukedom on 9 August 2016 on the death of his father, Gerald. The present duke is a godfather of Prince George of Wales.

The Duke of Westminster's seats are at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, and at Abbeystead House, Lancashire. The family's London town house was Grosvenor House, Park Lane, while Halkyn Castle was built as a sporting lodge for the family in the early 1800s. The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the Old Churchyard adjacent to St Mary's Church, Eccleston.
Question under discussion
In semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language, a question under discussion (QUD) is a question which the interlocutors in a discourse are attempting to answer. In many formal and computational theories of discourse, the QUD (or an ordered set of QUD's) is among the elements of a tuple called the conversational scoreboard which represents the current state of the conversation. Craige Roberts introduced the concept of a QUD in 1996 in order to formalize conversational relevance and explain its consequences for information structure and focus marking. It has subsequently become a staple of work in semantics and pragmatics, playing a role in analyses of disparate phenomena including donkey anaphora and presupposition projection.

Donkey sentence
In semantics, a donkey sentence is a sentence containing a pronoun which is semantically bound but syntactically free. They are a classic puzzle in formal semantics and philosophy of language because they are fully grammatical and yet defy straightforward attempts to generate their formal language equivalents. In order to explain how speakers are able to understand them, semanticists have proposed a variety of formalisms including systems of dynamic semantics such as Discourse representation theory. Their name comes from the example sentence "Every farmer who owns a donkey beats it", in which "it" acts as a donkey pronoun because it is semantically but not syntactically bound by the indefinite noun phrase "a donkey". The phenomenon is known as donkey anaphora.
Call graph
A call graph (also known as a call multigraph) is a control-flow graph, which represents calling relationships between subroutines in a computer program. Each node represents a procedure and each edge (f, g) indicates that procedure f calls procedure g. Thus, a cycle in the graph indicates recursive procedure calls.

Control-flow graph
In computer science, a control-flow graph (CFG) is a representation, using graph notation, of all paths that might be traversed through a function during its execution. The control-flow graph was conceived by Frances E. Allen, who noted that Reese T. Prosser used boolean connectivity matrices for flow analysis before.

The CFG is essential to many compiler optimizations and static-analysis tools.
Urobotrya
Urobotrya is a genus of plants in the family Opiliaceae described as a genus in 1905.

Urobotrya is native to Africa and Southeast Asia.

Species

Urobotrya congolana (Baill.) Hiepko - W + C Africa

Urobotrya floresensis Hiepko - Flores

Urobotrya latisquama (Gagnep.) Hiepko - Guangxi, Yunnan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

Urobotrya longipes (Gagnep.) Hiepko - Vietnam

Urobotrya parviflora Hiepko - Borneo

Urobotrya siamensis Hiepko - Indochina

Urobotrya sparsiflora (Engl.) Hiepko - Central African Rep., West Congo, East Congo, Angola

Opiliaceae
Opiliaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising 11 genera and 33 known species.  It consists of tropical woody plants. Several genera contain parasitic species. The biggest genus, in number of species and in stature of the individual plants, is Agonandra, the only American genus.

Since it was first described this family has been recognized universally by taxonomists.  The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots.
2018 in archosaur paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

The year 2018 in archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2018 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2018.

Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauromorpha is a clade of avemetatarsalians (archosaurs closer to crocodilians) and birds that includes the Dinosauria (dinosaurs) and some of their close relatives. It was originally defined to include dinosauriforms and lagerpetids, with later formulations specifically excluding pterosaurs from the group. Birds are the only dinosauromorphs which survive to the present day.
Paolo Ballarini
Paolo Ballarini (10 October 1712 – ?) was an Italian painter, mainly of landscapes.

Ballarini was born in Bologna. He first studied painting under Francesco Monti, then he studied architecture under Stefano Orlandi, and finally, he studied quadratura painting under Ferdinando Galli Bibiena. He painted rooms for a convent in Bagnacavallo, traveled to Venice, and painted in Trieste. From 1736 to 1739 he lived and worked in Vienna.

Ballarini returned to Bologna with Giuseppe Galli Bibiena to decorate the Malvessi Theatre with ornamental painting. Then in Venice, he painted in houses of Pederzani and Grighenti. He also spent some years painting in St Petersburg, Russia.

Illusionistic ceiling painting
Illusionistic ceiling painting, which includes the techniques of perspective di sotto in sù and quadratura, is the tradition in Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo art in which trompe-l'œil, perspective tools such as foreshortening, and other spatial effects are used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on an otherwise two-dimensional or mostly flat ceiling surface above the viewer. It is frequently used to create the illusion of an open sky, such as with the oculus in Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, or the illusion of an architectural space such as the cupola, one of Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in Sant'Ignazio, Rome. Illusionistic ceiling painting belongs to the general class of illusionism in art, designed to create accurate representations of reality, as well as the general class of painted ceilings.
Norrland Signal Battalion
The Norrland Signal Battalion (Swedish: Norrlands signalbataljon), designated Signbat/I 19, originally Norrland Signal Corps (Swedish: Norrlands signalkår), designated S 3, was a Swedish Army signal unit, one of the few new formations raised in the 20th century. It was disbanded in 2005. The unit was garrisoned in Norrbotten.

Swedish Army Signal Troops
Swedish Army Signal Troops (Swedish: Signaltrupperna, S) is the signal branch of the Swedish Army. It is responsible for installing, maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment and information systems, providing command support to commanders and their headquarters, and conducting electronic warfare against enemy communications.
Copyright Duration Directive
Council Directive 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonising the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights is a European Union directive in the field of EU copyright law, made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome. It was replaced by the 2006 Copyright Term Directive (2006/116/EC).

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
Pendular water
Pendular water is the moisture clinging to particles, such as soil particles or sand, because of surface tension.

At the moisture content of a specific yield, gravity drainage will cease. This term relates to hydrology and groundwater flow.

Specific storage
In the field of hydrogeology, storage properties are physical properties that characterize the capacity of an aquifer to release groundwater. These properties are storativity (S), specific storage (Ss) and specific yield (Sy). According to Groundwater, by Freeze and Cherry (1979), specific storage,  [m−1], of a saturated aquifer is defined as the volume of water that a unit volume of the aquifer releases from storage under a unit decline in hydraulic head.

They are often determined using some combination of field tests (e.g., aquifer tests) and laboratory tests on aquifer material samples. Recently, these properties have been also determined using remote sensing data derived from Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar.
Varmo
Varmo (Friulian: Vildivar) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.

Varmo borders the following municipalities: Bertiolo, Camino al Tagliamento, Codroipo, Morsano al Tagliamento, Rivignano, Ronchis, San Michele al Tagliamento.

The Municipality of Varmo includes 9 towns, and various localities: the main town of Varmo, Santa Marizza (with Levata), Gradiscutta, Belgrado (with Casali di Belgrado), Roveredo, Romans, Canussio (with Isola Maura, beyond the Tagliamento River), Madrisio (with Casenove) and Cornazzai (with Santa Marizzutta, Casali Pepe and S. P. Ponte di Madrisio).

Rivignano
Rivignano was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Udine.

Since January 1, 2014 Rivignano has been merged with Teor, forming a new municipality called Rivignano Teor.