hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balaclava Bay
Balaclava Bay is a bay situated on the edge of Portland Harbour, where the breakwater meets the island, at the northern end of the Isle of Portland, Dorset, in southern England.  The bay is overlooked by the Victorian East Weare Battery, built in the 1860s to protect the harbour. The nearest road within the dockyard of Portland Port is named Balaclava Road.

East Weare Battery
East Weare Battery is a former 19th-century gun battery to the east of the Verne Citadel on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The battery was built in the 1860s as a result of the Royal Commission to guard the new Portland harbour and Royal Navy institutions on the island. Five open batteries were built housing 20 9" and 10" RMLs. After 1877 the batteries were designated by letter 'A' to 'E'.

In 1900 the batteries were re-armed with more modern breech loading guns. 'A' battery received two 9.2 inch Breech Loading (BL) guns and 'B' battery received three BL 6 inch Mk VII guns on Central Pivot Mk II mounts. By 1919 the 6-inch guns had been removed, but the 9.2-inch guns remained in place until the dissolution of Coast Artillery in 1956.

The site was then used for training by the Royal Navy, which has damaged some of the gun positions. The batteries are derelict and there is no public access. Parts of the batteries are now listed as Ancient Monuments by Historic England.
Bukowie, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bukowie [buˈkɔvjɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bierzwnik, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Bierzwnik, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Choszczno, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Bierzwnik, Choszczno County
Bierzwnik [ˈbjɛʐvnik] (German: Marienwalde) is a village in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bierzwnik. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Choszczno (Arnswalde) and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin (Stettin).
Saalfeld (Saale) station
Saalfeld station (called Saalfeld (Saale) or Saalfeld (S) by Deutsche Bahn) is the station in the city of Saalfeld in the southeast of the German state of Thuringia. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.

Leipzig–Hof railway
The Leipzig–Hof railway is a two-track main line in the German states of Saxony, Thuringia and Bavaria, originally built and operated by the Saxon-Bavarian Railway Company. It runs from Leipzig through Altenburg, the Werdau wye junction, Reichenbach and Plauen to Hof. The Werdau–Hof section is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line (Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale), the line connecting Dresden and Nuremberg. Its first section opened in 1842 and it is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

As a result of the division of Germany after the Second World War, the line lost considerable importance. Even after German reunification in 1989/90, the line has not been able to regain its former importance, especially as government policy gave preference to the extensive upgrade of the parallel Großheringen–Saalfeld railway. The remaining long-distance services ended In 2006.
No Surrender (2011)
The 2011 No Surrender was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) that took place on September 11, 2011, at the Impact Wrestling Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the seventh annual No Surrender chronology, and notably featured the final matches of the 2011 edition of the Bound for Glory Series. At the beginning of the event, there was a short memorial to 9/11 victims.

In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand.

TNA No Surrender
No Surrender is an annual professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. It was originally produced by TNA Wrestling, as a pay-per-view (PPV) event. The first one was held in July 2005, but when the PPV names were shuffled for 2006, it was moved to September. In December 2012, TNA announced that the event was canceled. The last event took place in the TNA Impact! Zone in September 2012. It was resumed as a special episode of Impact Wrestling between 2013 and 2015 and was then revived as an Impact Plus event in 2019.
Thomas Bromley
Sir Thomas Bromley (1530 – 11 April 1587) was a 16th-century lawyer, judge and politician who established himself in the mid-Tudor period and rose to prominence during the reign of Elizabeth I. He was successively Solicitor General and Lord Chancellor of England. He presided over the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots and died three months after her execution.

Reader (Inns of Court)
A reader in one of the Inns of Court in London was originally a senior barrister of the Inn who was elected to deliver a lecture or series of lectures on a particular legal topic. Two readers (known as Lent and Autumn Readers) would be elected annually to serve a one-year term.

Lincoln's Inn became formally organised as a place of legal education thanks to a decree in 1464, which required a reader to give lectures to the law students there.

By 1569, at Gray's Inn, there had been readers for more than a century. Before the rise of the benchers, they formed the governing body of the inn.
2005 Trophée des Champions
The 2005 Trophée des Champions was a football match held at Stade de l'Abbé-Deschamps, Auxerre on 27 July 2005, that saw 2004–05 Ligue 1 champions Olympique Lyonnais defeat 2004–05 Coupe de France winners AJ Auxerre 4–1.

Auxerre
Auxerre (/oʊˈsɛər/ oh-SAIR, French: [osɛʁ] ⓘ, Burgundian: Auchoirre) is the capital (prefecture) of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in the Burgundy historical region southeast of Paris. Auxerre's population today is about 35,000; the urban area (aire d'attraction) comprises roughly 111,000 inhabitants. Residents of Auxerre are referred to as Auxerrois.

Auxerre is a commercial and industrial centre, with industries including food production, woodworking and batteries.  Nearby areas are also noted for the production of Burgundy wine, including Chablis. In 1995 Auxerre was named a "Town of Art and History".
Cruiser Mk II
The Tank, Cruiser, Mk II (A10), was a cruiser tank developed alongside the A9 cruiser tank, and was intended to be a heavier, infantry tank version of that type. In practice, it was not deemed suitable for the infantry tank role and was classified as a "heavy cruiser". It served briefly in World War II.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
Jones AT&T Stadium
Jones AT&T Stadium (commonly referred to as "The Jones") is an outdoor athletic stadium on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. Built in the style of Spanish Renaissance architecture, it is the home field of the Texas Tech Red Raiders of the Big 12 Conference.

Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium
Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium (formerly War Memorial Stadium, Memorial Stadium, and Texas Memorial Stadium), located in Austin, Texas, on the campus of the University of Texas, has been home to the Longhorns football team since 1924. The stadium has delivered a home field advantage with the team's home record through December 21, 2024 being 406–123–10 (.763). The official stadium seating capacity is 100,119, making the stadium the fourth largest in the Southeastern Conference, the seventh largest stadium in the United States, and the ninth largest stadium in the world.

The DKR–Texas Memorial Stadium attendance record of 105,215 spectators was set on October 19, 2024, when Texas played the University of Georgia Bulldogs.
Gems TV (UK)
Gemporia is a British television and online retailer, licensed by Ofcom under the Gems TV name. The channel is mostly concerned with selling jewellery with a few lifestyle products from the homeware and beauty categories promoted in various slots across the schedule. The channel is available on Sky, Virgin Media, Freesat, Freeview and online. The channel operations are based at Eagle Road Studios in Redditch, near Birmingham.  As of February 2023, the channel broadcast 24 hours a day, live between the hours of 07:00-23:00 on television, via the GEMPORIA mobile app, and online at gemporia.com.  The business derives from Gems TV in Thailand.

5Star
5Star (stylized as 5STAR) is a British free-to-air television channel owned by Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Paramount Skydance Corporation, which is grouped under Paramount Networks UK & Australia division. It originally launched as the female-orientated Five Life on 15 October 2006, and was relaunched as Fiver on 28 April 2008 with a revised version of the same concept. The channel was later re-branded as 5* on 7 March 2011, and later, it was re-branded as its current name on 11 February 2016. The network focuses on documentaries, comedy and drama, with original content such as Rich Kids Go Skint and Young, Dumb & Banged Up in the Sun, along with some American and Australian imports.
Bill Bedenbaugh
Bill Bedenbaugh (born August 21, 1972) is an American football coach and former player. He is the current offensive line coach at the University of Oklahoma. He was the offensive line coach starting in 2013 and was promoted to co-OC prior to the 2017 season. Bedenbaugh is a spread offense offensive line coach from the Mike Leach coaching tree.

Oklahoma Panhandle State University
Oklahoma Panhandle State University (OPSU, informally Panhandle State or simply Panhandle) is a public college in Goodwell, Oklahoma. OPSU is a baccalaureate degree-granting institution. General governance of the institution is provided by the Board of Regents of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges. Academic programs and financial support are authorized and coordinated through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education.
History of free and open-source software
The history of free and open-source software begins at the advent of computer software in the early half of the 20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees. At the time, source code—the human-readable form of software—was generally distributed with the software, providing the ability to fix bugs or add new functions. Universities were early adopters of computing technology. Many of the modifications developed by universities were openly shared, in keeping with the academic principles of sharing knowledge, and organizations sprung up to facilitate sharing.

As large-scale operating systems matured, fewer organizations allowed modifications to the operating software, and eventually such operating systems were closed to modification. However, utilities and other added-function applications are still shared and new organizations have been formed to promote the sharing of software.

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
George Cooper (umpire)
George Stephen Cooper (1 September 1907 – 29 December 1980) was an Australian cricket Test match umpire.

Cooper umpired 13 first-class matches between 1946 and 1951: 11 matches played by South Australia in Adelaide, and two Tests, both in Melbourne. His first Test was between Australia and India at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 6 February to 10 February 1948, a match won by Australia by an innings. Cooper's partner in this match was Andy Barlow. His other Test was the second match of the series between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 22 December to 27 December 1950, won narrowly by Australia with no innings reaching 200. Ron Wright was the other umpire.

Cooper died at Adelaide, South Australia.

Ron Wright (umpire)
Ronald James John Wright (1913 – 14 June 1968) was an Australian Test cricket umpire.

Wright umpired 13 Test matches between 1948 and 1959. His first Test was between Australia and India at Adelaide Oval on 23 January to 28 January 1948, a match won by Australia by an innings, with Don Bradman scoring 201, Lindsay Hassett scoring 198 not out, and Ray Lindwall taking 7 wickets in the second innings. Wright's partner in this match was George Borwick. His last match was between Australia and the visiting England at Melbourne on 13 February to 18 February 1959, where the home team won comfortably. Les Townsend, officiating in his only Test match, was Wright's partner in this match.

Wright umpired 61 first-class matches between 1945 and 1961. Apart from eight of the Test matches he officiated in, all his matches as an umpire were in Melbourne.
Malayan tiger
The Malayan tiger is a tiger from a specific population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies that is native to Peninsular Malaysia. This population inhabits the southern and central parts of the Malay Peninsula, and has been classified as critically endangered. As of April 2014, the population was estimated at 80–120 mature individuals, with a continuing downward trend.

In the Malay language, the tiger is called harimau, also abbreviated to rimau. It has also been known as the southern Indochinese tiger, to further distinguish it from the Indochinese tiger population to the north in Myanmar and Thailand, which differ genetically from this population.

Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia
The Department of Wildlife and National Parks of Peninsular Malaysia (Malay: Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Semenanjung Malaysia; Jawi: جابتن ڤرليندوڠن هيدوڤن ليار دان تامن نڬارا‎), abbreviated PERHILITAN, is a governmental organisation that is responsible for the protection, management and preservation of wildlife and national parks in Peninsular Malaysia.

The department was established under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 which consolidated all the state game departments in Peninsular Malaysia. As of 2006, the department is placed under the purview of Malaysian Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. It is headed by a director-general and that post is currently held by Dato’ Abdul Kadir bin Abu Hashim.

National parks in Sabah are the responsibility of the Sabah Wildlife Department and Sabah Parks while for Sarawak, it is under Sarawak Forest Corporation.
2015 Angola Cup
The 2015 Taça de Angola was the 34th edition of the Taça de Angola, the second most important and the top knock-out football club competition in Angola, following the Girabola. Benfica de Luanda were the defending champions, having beaten Petro de Luanda 1–0 in the previous season's final.

Bravos do Maquis who were entitled to participate in the 2016 CAF Confederation Cup as the cup winner, later withdrew for financial reasons, giving way for the runner-up, Sagrada Esperança.

Taça de Angola
This is about the Angolan football (soccer) competition. For the similarly named sports competitions, see Taça de Angola (basketball), Taça de Angola (handball) Taça de Angola (roller hockey)

The Angolan football Cup is the main "knockout" cup competition in Angolan football.

The competition was established in 1980, whose format, in the first two editions, consisted of teams made up of the best players in each province, the so-called (selecção provincial). Starting from the 1982 season, the competition officially adopted the current club format.

The club format was established in 1982 following an unofficial cup competition won by Nacional de Benguela in 1980 and by TAAG in 1981. It is a knockout (one or two-leg elimination) tournament.
Besal
The Besal, properly named "Gun, Light, Machine, Faulkner, .303-inch", was a light machine gun of British origin. The weapon was intended as an alternative to the Bren gun as it was lighter, simpler, cheaper and easier to manufacture and therefore was not dependent on the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield which was within range of German bombers. As the threat to the supply of Brens receded, it was eventually deemed unnecessary and never went into mass production.

The design was by Harry Faulkner of the Birmingham Small Arms Company, which also manufactured the larger Besa machine gun which like the Bren was a product of the pre-war Czech arms manufacturer. That weapon's name was a nickname for Birmingham Small Arms (BSA, who were awarded the contract to manufacture a prototype) and the Besal was to be a lighter version; a Besa-light. This was however not an official designation.

Besa machine gun
The Besa machine gun was a British version of the Czechoslovak ZB-53 air-cooled, belt-fed machine gun (called the TK vz. 37 in the Czechoslovak army).

The name came from the Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA), who signed an agreement with Československá zbrojovka to manufacture the gun in the UK. The War Office ordered the weapon in 1938 and production began in 1939, after modifications.

It was used extensively by the armed forces of United Kingdom during the Second World War as a mounted machine gun for tanks and other armoured vehicles as a replacement for the heavier, water-cooled Vickers machine gun. Although it required a rather large opening in the tank's armour, it was reliable.
13th Street Repertory Theatre
The Thirteenth Street Repertory Theatre (13th St Rep) is an off-off Broadway theater in New York City founded in 1972 by Edith O'Hara. It is home to the longest running play in Off-Off Broadway history, Israel Horovitz's Line which began its run at the 65-seat venue in 1974.

The theater is presently under the leadership of Artistic Director Joe John Battista, who mounts premiere productions, experimental plays, and revivals.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Nether Kellet
Nether Kellet is a village and civil parish in the City of Lancaster in Lancashire, England, a few miles south of Carnforth. It had a population of 646 recorded in the 2001 census, increasing to 663 at the 2011 Census, and again to 738 at the 2021 census.  The parish includes the small hamlet of Addington, to the east.

Carnforth
Carnforth is a market town and civil parish in the City of Lancaster in Lancashire, England, situated at the north-east end of Morecambe Bay. The parish of Carnforth had a population of 5,560 in the 2011 census, an increase from the 5,350 recorded in the 2001 census. The town is situated around 7 miles north of Lancaster, 17 miles south of Kendal, 40 miles east (bisected by Morecambe Bay) of Barrow-in-Furness and 28 miles north-west of Settle. The town is also close to the Cumbria/Lancashire border.

Carnforth grew in the 19th century through the presence of the railway and ironworks. Due to the closeness of the coast and the hills, Carnforth is a popular base for walkers and cyclists exploring the area. The River Keer, the West Coast Main Line (WCML), the A6 and the Lancaster Canal pass through the town. The M6 motorway passes just to the east, linked to Carnforth by the A6070 (formerly the A601(M)) which was originally part of the Lancaster bypass before the M6 was extended north.
Tacca chantrieri
Tacca chantrieri is a species of flowering plant in the yam family Dioscoreaceae. It was first described in 1901 by Édouard André. T. chantrieri is native to southeastern Asia. It is commonly known as the black bat flower due to its shape and coloring. The bat flower has unique pollination method in that it is mostly autonomous self pollinating. T. chantrieri prefers environments similar to its native region with tropical, moist conditions. The bat flower has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Its purported uses are wide in range from common ailments to more complex conditions such as cancer.

Yam (vegetable)
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers (some other species in the genus being toxic).

Yams are perennial herbaceous vines native to Africa, Asia, and the Americas and cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions. The tubers themselves, also called "yams", come in a variety of forms owing to numerous cultivars and related species.
2025 US Open – Wheelchair men's doubles
Gustavo Fernández and Tokito Oda defeated Alfie Hewett and Gordon Reid in the final, 6–1, 2–6, [10–6] to win the men's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2025 US Open.

Stéphane Houdet and Takashi Sanada were the reigning champions, but Sanada did not participate this year. Houdet partnered Takuya Miki, but lost in the semifinals to Hewett and Reid.

There was no edition of the event in 2024 due to a scheduling conflict with the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

2025 US Open (tennis)
The 2025 US Open was the 145th edition of tennis' US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Jannik Sinner and Aryna Sabalenka were the men's and women's singles defending champions, respectively. While Sabalenka successfully defended her title, Sinner lost in the final to Carlos Alcaraz. This was the final edition of the tournament with Stacey Allaster as its director.
Mongolotettix
Mongolotettix is a genus of grasshoppers belonging to the family Acrididae.

The species of this genus are found in Eastern Asia.

Species:

Mongolotettix angustiseptus Wan, Bingzhong Ren & Fengling Zhang, 1998

Mongolotettix anomopterus (Caudell, 1921)

Acrididae
Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers"), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.