hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dean Furman
Dean Furman (born 22 June 1988) is a South African professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for English side Warrington Rylands 1906. He has previously played for Scottish Premiership side Rangers, English League Two side Bradford City, League One sides Oldham Athletic and  Doncaster Rovers, and South African Premier Soccer League side SuperSport United.

He made his debut for the South Africa national team in 2012, representing the nation at three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and as of August 2020 had captained the team and won 56 caps, scoring four goals.

MTN 8
The MTN 8 is a South African soccer cup competition launched in 1972 for teams who finished in the top 8 positions of the league table of the country's preceding season of the top-flight league (currently the Premiership).

The winners receive R10 million and the competition's trophy, which is one of the three domestic trophies attainable by its competitors each soccer season, with the other two being the top-flight league title and the country's premier knock-out competition, the Nedbank Cup.

The competition bears the name of its title sponsor; it was known as the BP Top 8 from its inception until 2002, then as the SAA Supa 8 until 2007. It has been known as the MTN 8 since 2008
Henry John Klutho House
The Henry John Klutho House (also known as the Klutho Residence) is a historic home in Jacksonville, Florida. The house was designed and lived in by the New York City architect Henry John Klutho, who helped in the rebuilding of Jacksonville after the Great Fire of 1901. It is located at 28-30 West 9th Street. On December 19, 1978, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Great Fire of 1901
The Great Fire of 1901 was a conflagration in Jacksonville, Florida, on May 3, 1901. It was one of the worst disasters in Florida history and the third largest urban fire in the U.S., after the Great Chicago Fire and the 1906 San Francisco fire.
Carrie G. Stevens
Carrie Gertrude Stevens (1882–1970) was an American fly fisher and fly lure tier from Madison and Upper Dam, Maine, and the creator of Rangeley Favorite trout and salmon flies. Self-taught in the art of fly tying, Stevens invented the Grey Ghost Streamer, an imitation of the Smelt, Osmerus mordax. Stevens' flies received national and international acclaim, and she was honored after her death with the naming of August 15, 1970 as "Carrie Gertrude Stevens Day" by the Governor of Maine.

Mooselookmeguntic Lake
Mooselookmeguntic Lake is located in Franklin County and Oxford County, Maine, in the United States. It is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. It is located in the western part of Maine, near the border with the state of New Hampshire and the Canadian province of Quebec. The lake is just a few miles from the Appalachian Trail.

There are two islands in the southern portion of Mooselookmeguntic Lake called "Toothaker Island" and "Students Island".
Awards and decorations of the German Armed Forces
The Awards and decorations of the German Armed Forces are decorations awarded by the German Bundeswehr, the German government, and other organizations to the German military and allied forces. Modern era German military awards have been presented since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis is a state in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis).

Carbon dioxide is produced continuously as the body's cells respire, and this CO2 will accumulate rapidly if the lungs do not adequately expel it through alveolar ventilation. Alveolar hypoventilation thus leads to an increased pCO2 (a condition called hypercapnia). The increase in pCO2 in turn decreases the HCO−3/pCO2 ratio and decreases pH.

Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (American English: /baɪˈkɑːr.bə.neɪt/ ⓘ) (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO3–.

Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system.

The term "bicarbonate" was coined in 1814 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. The name lives on as a trivial name.
X-Fab
The X-FAB Silicon Foundries is a group of semiconductor foundries. The group specializes in the fabrication of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for fabless semiconductor companies, as well as MEMS and solutions for high voltage applications. The holding company named "X-FAB Silicon Foundries SE" is based in Tessenderlo, Belgium while its headquarters is located in Erfurt, Germany.

Wafer (electronics)
In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells.

The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon the wafer. It undergoes many microfabrication processes, such as doping, ion implantation, etching, thin-film deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. Finally, the individual microcircuits are separated by wafer dicing and packaged as an integrated circuit.
Characteristic energy
In astrodynamics, the characteristic energy () is a measure of the excess specific energy over that required to just barely escape from a massive body. The units are length2 time−2, i.e. velocity squared, or energy per mass.

Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy  equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy:

where  is the standard gravitational parameter of the massive body with mass , and  is the radial distance from its center. As an object in an escape trajectory moves outward, its kinetic energy decreases as its potential energy (which is always negative) increases, maintaining a constant sum.

Note that C3 is twice the specific orbital energy  of the escaping object.

Orbital mechanics
Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from laws of motion and of universal gravitation derived by Isaac Newton. Astrodynamics is a core discipline within space-mission design and control.

Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbit dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity, including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems, planets, moons, and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbital plane changes, and interplanetary transfers, and is used by mission planners to predict the results of propulsive maneuvers.

General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and it is sometimes necessary to use it for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (e.g. orbits near the Sun).
Munroturuttu railway station
Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station (Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station.

Munroe Island
Munroe Island is an inland island group located at the confluence of Ashtamudi Lake and the Kallada River, in Kollam district, Kerala, South India. It is a group of eight small islets comprising a total area of about 13.4 km2. The island, accessible by road, rail and inland water navigation, is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kollam by road, 38 kilometres (24 mi) north from Paravur, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west from Kundara and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Karunagapally. As of the 2011 Indian census, the administrative village of Mundrothuruth (which includes nearby small villages as well) has a total population of 9054, consisting of 4318 males and 4736 females. This island is also known as "Sinking Island of Kerala".

The place is named in honour of Resident Colonel John Munro of the former Princely State of Travancore. The islands measure 13.4 square kilometres (5.2 sq mi) in area.
Science World (Vancouver)
Science World is a science centre run by a not-for-profit organization called ASTC Science World Society in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the eastern end of False Creek and features many permanent interactive exhibits and displays, as well as areas with varying topics throughout the years.

Prior to the building being handed over to Science World by the city government in 1987, the building was built as Expo Centre for the Expo 86 world's fair. Following the end of Expo 86, the building was re-purposed as a science centre. The science centre opened on May 6, 1989, as Science World. The museum was branded as Science World at Telus World of Science under a naming rights agreement with sponsor Telus Corporation from 2005 to 2020 before it reverted to its original name.

British Columbia Centre for Disease Control
The BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) is the public health arm for British Columbia's Provincial Health Services Authority.

The BCCDC is located at 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC. The Centre has tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics as well as outreach clinics in high prevalence areas throughout BC.

The BCCDC is the centralized purchaser of all non-travel vaccines for the province, is responsible for provincial environmental health issues and carries out both public health and medical sciences research. It aims to provide provincial and national leadership in public health through "surveillance, detection, treatment, prevention and consultation" services. It also aims to provide analytical and policy support to all levels of government and health authorities. It is linked to the University of British Columbia for research and teaching.
Gogo atratus
Gogo atratus is a species of catfish of the family Anchariidae endemic to Madagascar where it is found in the Mananara du Nord River drainage in northeastern Madagascar.  It grows to a length of 17.1 cm.

G. atratus is strictly nocturnal. It reproduces at the end of the dry season and at the onset of the rainy season. The size of the eggs suggests that this species exhibits parental care, though this is unproven. G. atratus feed on aquatic insects and small freshwater shrimp.

Anchariidae
The Anchariidae are a family of catfishes containing two genera, Ancharius and Gogo with 6 species. Anchariids are a strictly freshwater group endemic to Madagascar. Anchariids are characterized by the presence of fringed barbels and a reduced anterior nuchal plate.

Traditionally, Ancharius is classified in Ariidae. The general consensus in recent years is that anchariids are members of Ariidae and do not warrant family rank. However, this family was recently revised in 2005, which reinstated the separate family for Ancharius and described the genus Gogo.

A molecular analysis grouped Anchariidae with Ariidae under the superfamily Arioidea.
Herter Farmstead
The Herter Farmstead is an estate with a historic farm house and several outbuildings in Walton, Nebraska. The two-story house was built in 1876 for Abraham Herter, an immigrant from Switzerland. In 1892, his son, Jacob W. Herter, decided to redesign the house in the Queen Anne style, with a tower and classical columns. Edward, the third-generation property owned, inherited the house in 1960, followed by his daughter Norma in 1973, who lived here with her husband, Wayne Hagaman. The property has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 24, 2000.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another 6 properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Diaminobutyrate—pyruvate transaminase
In enzymology, a diaminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.46) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + pyruvate  L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-alanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-2,4-diaminobutanoate and pyruvate, whereas its two products are L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde and L-alanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-2,4-diaminobutanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include diaminobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase, and L-diaminobutyric acid transaminase.  It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
Dummy (football)
In association football, rugby league, rugby union and Australian rules football, a dummy or feint is a player deceiving the opposition into believing he is going to pass, shoot, move in a certain direction, or receive the ball and instead doing something different, thus gaining an advantage.

Nutmeg (association football)
A nutmeg, also known by dozens of national and regional variations, is a skill used mainly in association football, but also in field hockey, ice hockey, and basketball. The aim is to kick, roll, dribble, throw, or push the ball (or puck) between an opponent's legs (feet). This might be done to pass or when shooting the ball, but a nutmeg is more commonly associated with the skill of dribbling where it enables a player to get behind a defender.
Robert Clifford (MP)
Robert Clifford (died 1423) was an English politician.

Clifford was the brother of Richard Clifford, Bishop of Worcester and London. Their ancestry is uncertain.

His first wife was a widow, named Jacqueline (or Jacoba) Emelden, the coheiress of the MP Richard Emelden. She died in 1391. Little is recorded about his second wife, Joan.

Clifford served as a Member of Parliament for Northumberland May 1382 and October 1382 and for Kent 1401, 1406 and November 1414. He was appointed High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1383 and High Sheriff of Kent for 1400 and 1415 (representing Kent as MP at the same time).

Clifford died in 1423, and was buried in the nave of Canterbury Cathedral.

High Sheriff of Northumberland
This is a list of the high sheriffs of the English county of Northumberland.
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. The High Sheriff changes every March.
2012 United Bowl
The 2012 United Bowl was the fourth title game of the Indoor Football League (IFL). It was played on July 14, 2012, at the Sioux Falls Arena in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The top seed in the United Conference, the Sioux Falls Storm, defeated their Intense Conference counterpart Tri-Cities Fever, by a score of 59–37.

Sioux Falls Arena
Sioux Falls Arena is a 7,500-seat multi-purpose arena located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The facility was built in 1961. It seats 6,113 for basketball games and 4,760 for indoor football and hockey.

It was the home of the Sioux Falls Skyforce basketball team (1989–2013), the Sioux Falls Storm indoor football team, and the Sioux Falls Stampede ice hockey team, as well as a variety of state high school championship events.

The Sioux Falls Arena hosted the men's and women's Summit League Basketball Championship from 2009 until the opening of the Denny Sanford PREMIER Center in 2014.

Beginning in the fall of 2014, the Arena has been the home of Augustana University Vikings men's and women's basketball games.

Elvis Presley performed one of his final concerts here on June 22, 1977.
Arthur Powys
Arthur Powys (17 October 1842 – 8 October 1875) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for Canterbury from 1863 to 1868.

Powys was born in Northamptonshire. He took the first catch in New Zealand first-class cricket in the match against Otago in January 1864 when he caught Charles Morris off the bowling of John Stevens for 1. A useful slow bowler and wicket-keeper, he captained Canterbury several times before returning to England in 1868. His brother Richard also played for Canterbury in the 1860s.

Powys was the first farmer in the Canterbury region to use steam-powered machinery. He imported the machinery from England in 1866 to use on his farm at Waipara, north of Christchurch.

Powys died in Argentina, where he was one of the settlers in the Alexandra Colony in Santa Fe Province in the 1870s. He died on 8 October 1875, one of a number of the colonists who were killed by the local indigenous inhabitants.

Charles Morris (New Zealand cricketer)
Charles Morris (born 1840, date of death unknown) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played one first-class match for Otago during the 1863–64 season.

An opening batsman who had come to New Zealand from Victoria, Morris scored only 1 and 2 in his only match, but he has the distinction of having faced the first delivery in New Zealand first-class cricket. He also scored the first run, and shortly afterwards became the first batsman to be dismissed. At the time he was the captain of the newly founded North Dunedin Cricket Club.

A few weeks later Morris won a bat for making Otago's equal top score (12) in the match against the touring English team. He was one of only four New Zealand batsmen who reached double figures in the three matches against the English team. He is known to have played club cricket in Dunedin, but no details of his life after 1865 are known.
Bahamian dollar
The dollar (sign: $; code: BSD) has been the currency of The Bahamas since 1966. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

On 20 October 2020, the Bahamas became the first country to have a legal digital currency, introducing the Sand Dollar as an alternative to the traditional Bahamian dollar.

Dollar
Dollar (/dɒlər/) is the name of more than 25 currencies. The United States dollar, named after the international currency known as the Spanish dollar, was established in 1792 and is the first so named that still survives. Others include the Australian dollar, Brunei dollar, Canadian dollar, Eastern Caribbean dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Jamaican dollar, Liberian dollar, Namibian dollar, New Taiwan dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, Trinidad and Tobago dollar, and several others. The symbol for most of those currencies is the dollar sign $; the same symbol is used by many countries using peso currencies.

The name 'dollar' originates from the tolar which was the name of a 29-gram (1.0 oz) silver coin called the Joachimsthaler minted in 1519 in the western part of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). The word thaler itself comes from the German word Thal, i.e. 'valley'.
Skin electrode gel
Skin electrode gels are used extensively to reduce electrical resistance when using skin surface electrodes, both for medical instrumentation such as EEG, EMG and EKG, and for electrical stimulation treatments such as TENS, electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy and defibrillation.

A typical electrode gel consists of a mixture of water, a thickener such as polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethyl cellulose, and an electrolyte to increase conductivity.

Some electrode gels have been shown to pose a potential fire risk when high-energy pulses are used, as for example when defibrillators are used.

Skin electrode gels are also used by users of erotic electrostimulation to avoid skin burning.

Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement. Needle EMG is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique commonly used by neurologists. Surface EMG is a non-medical procedure used to assess muscle activation by several professionals, including physiotherapists, kinesiologists and biomedical engineers. In computer science, EMG is also used as middleware in gesture recognition towards allowing the input of physical action to a computer as a form of human-computer interaction.
Expo 2010 pavilions
This article contains the details of the pavilions at Expo 2010. The 2010 World Expo Shanghai is the largest Expo site ever, covering more than 5.2 square kilometers and containing more than 70 exposition pavilions. More than 190 countries and 50 international organizations registered to participate in the 2010 Shanghai Expo. After the six-month run, the Expo had attracted well over 70 million visitors. The Expo 2010 is also the most expensive fair in the history of the World's Fair, with more than 45 billion US dollars invested by the Chinese Government.

Jean-François Millet
Jean-François Millet (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa milɛ]; 4 October 1814 – 20 January 1875) was a French artist and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his paintings of peasant farmers and can be categorized as part of the Realism art movement. Toward the end of his career, he became increasingly interested in painting pure landscapes. He is known best for his oil paintings but is also noted for his pastels, Conté crayon drawings, and etchings.