hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2001 Davis Cup World Group qualifying round
The 2001 Davis Cup World Group qualifying round was held from 21 September to 14 October. They were the main play-offs of the 2001 Davis Cup. The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 2002 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.

2001 Davis Cup
The 2001 Davis Cup (also known as the 2001 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 90th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 139 teams entered the competition, 16 in the World Group, 29 in the Americas Zone, 32 in the Asia/Oceania Zone, and 62 in the Europe/Africa Zone. Angola, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Mali and Rwanda made their first appearances in the tournament.

France defeated Australia in the final, held at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne Park, Melbourne, Australia, on 30 November–2 December, to win their 9th title and their first since 1996. The French team achieved victory despite not playing a single match on home soil.
Actor Ichikawa Ebijūrō as Samurai
Actor Ichikawa Ebijūrō as Samurai is an ukiyo-e Japanese woodblock print by Osaka-based late Edo period print designer Shunshosai Hokuchō (春曙斎 北頂) (fl. c. 1822-1830). The print depicts a scene from a kabuki play featuring Osaka actor Ichikawa Ebijūrō (市川蝦十郎) in the role of a samurai. One impression of the print belongs to the permanent collection of the Prince Takamado Gallery of Japanese Art in the Royal Ontario Museum, Canada.

Kabuki
Kabuki (歌舞伎; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.bɯ.kʲi]) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century.

In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Middle lamella
The middle lamella is a layer that cements together the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells.  It is the first formed layer to be deposited at the time of cytokinesis.  The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates.  In a mature plant cell it is the outermost layer of cell wall.

In plants, the pectins form a unified and continuous layer between adjacent cells. Frequently, it is difficult to distinguish the middle lamella from the primary wall, especially in cells that develop thick secondary walls. In such cases, the two adjacent primary walls and the middle lamella, and perhaps the first layer of the secondary wall of each cell, may be called a compound middle lamella. When the middle lamella is degraded by enzymes, as happens during fruit ripening and abscission, the adjacent cells will separate.

Plant cell
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or centrioles, except in the gametes, and a unique method of cell division involving the formation of a cell plate or phragmoplast that separates the new daughter cells.
Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.

Ringworld
Ringworld is a 1970 science fiction novel by Larry Niven, set in his Known Space universe and considered a classic of science fiction literature. Ringworld tells the story of Louis Wu and his companions on a mission to the Ringworld, an enormous rotating ring, an alien construct in space 186 million miles (299 million kilometres) in diameter. Niven later wrote three sequel novels and then cowrote, with Edward M. Lerner, four prequels and a final sequel; the five latter novels constitute the Fleet of Worlds series. All the novels in the Ringworld series tie into numerous other books set in Known Space. Ringworld won the Nebula Award in 1970, as well as both the Hugo Award and Locus Award in 1971.
1889 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1889 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board.

Kickhams entered the championship as the defending chammpions.

The final was played on 9 June 1889, between Kickhams and Davitts, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kickhams won the match by 3–07 to 0–05 to claim their second consecutive championship title.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
History of spectroscopy
Modern spectroscopy in the Western world started in the 17th century. New designs in optics, specifically prisms, enabled systematic observations of the solar spectrum. Isaac Newton first applied the word spectrum to describe the rainbow of colors that combine to form white light. During the early 1800s, Joseph von Fraunhofer conducted experiments with dispersive spectrometers that enabled spectroscopy to become a more precise and quantitative scientific technique. Since then, spectroscopy has played and continues to play a significant role in chemistry, physics and astronomy. Fraunhofer observed and measured dark lines in the Sun's spectrum, which now bear his name although several of them were observed earlier by Wollaston.

Thomas Young (scientist)
Thomas Young FRS (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was a British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology. He was instrumental in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, specifically the Rosetta Stone.

Young's work influenced that of William Herschel, Hermann von Helmholtz, James Clerk Maxwell, and Albert Einstein. Young is credited with establishing Christiaan Huygens' wave theory of light, in contrast to the corpuscular theory of Isaac Newton. Young's work was subsequently supported by the work of Augustin-Jean Fresnel.
2021 JKFA Professional League
The JKFA Professional League 2021 is the inaugural season of the JKFA Professional League, the first professional league in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is organised by Jammu and Kashmir Football Association and J&K Sports Council.

The inaugural season kicked off on July 12, with 8 teams competing for the maiden title and qualification for the I-League 2nd Division. The 8 teams will play once against each other in a round-robin format. The Top 2 clubs will be nominated for I-League 2nd Division.

Jammu and Kashmir Premier Football League
The Jammu and Kashmir Premier Football League, also known as Jammu and Kashmir Premier Division and Srinagar Premier League, is the top state-level football league in Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, conducted by Jammu and Kashmir Football Association (JKFA) and J&K Sports Council.
Daya Shankar (admiral)
Vice Admiral Daya Shankar PVSM, DSC (2 January 1912 – 18 November 1993) was an Indian Navy admiral, naval engineer and the first Indian Armed Forces officer to hold the appointment of Chief of Materiel and of Controller General Defence Production.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Love, Lies (2016 film)
Love, Lies (Korean: 해어화; RR: Haeeohwa) is 2016 South Korean period drama film directed by Park Heung-sik, reuniting The Beauty Inside co-stars Han Hyo-joo, Chun Woo-hee and Yoo Yeon-seok. The story takes place in 1943, during the Imperial Japanese occupation of Korea. In the film, best friends Jung So-yul (Han Hyo-joo) and Seo Yeon-hee (Chun Woo-hee) are two of the last remaining gisaeng. Although they enjoy pop music, they are committed to singing jeongga, or classical Korean songs. So-yul's life falls apart when her lover, pop music producer Kim Yoon-woo (Yoo Yeon-seok), falls in love with Yeon-hee and helps her debut as a pop singer. The story follows So-yul's downward spiral as she is heartbroken after getting betrayed by her bestfriend and her lover.

The film was released on April 13, 2016. Critics particularly praised the film for its meticulous reconstruction of 1940s Seoul, with period-correct sets, props, costumes and music.

Chun Woo-hee
Chun Woo-hee (Korean: 천우희; born April 20, 1987) is a South Korean actress. She made her acting debut in 2004, but first drew attention with her supporting role as a rebellious teenager in the box-office hit Sunny (2011). Her other notable roles include the films Han Gong-ju (2013) and The Wailing (2016), as well as the television series Be Melodramatic (2019) and The 8 Show (2024).
Matthew Davies (historian)
Matthew P. Davies FRHistS FSA is a British academic administrator and urban historian, specialising in late medieval and early modern cities. Since 2016, he has been Executive Dean of the School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London where he is also a professor of urban history; between 2002 and 2016, he was Director of the Institute of Historical Research's Centre for Metropolitan History.

Vanessa Harding (historian)
Vanessa Harding is professor of London history at Birkbeck College, University of London. Her research has focused on death and burial in London and Paris and she has written widely on the subject in academic journals and in book form.
Cimiata
Cimiata or Kimiata was a hill town of ancient Paphlagonia, which gave its name to a division of Paphlagonia named Cimiatene. It was situated at the foot of the Olgassys.

Its site was previously located near Kurmalar, Asiatic Turkey. However, view of new studies and epigraphic survey, this site is probably more located at Asar Tepe, near Deresamail village close to Eskipazar.

Paphlagonia
Paphlagonia (/ˌpæfləˈɡoʊniə/; Greek: Παφλαγονία, romanized: Paphlagonía, modern translit. Paflagonía; Turkish: Paflagonya) was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia to the west and Pontus to the east, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus. According to Strabo, the region was bounded by the river Parthenius to the west and the Halys River to the east. 
Paphlagonia was said to be named after Paphlagon, a son of the mythical Phineus.
Australaves
Australaves is a clade of birds, defined in 2012, consisting of the Eufalconimorphae (passerines, parrots and falcons) as well as the Cariamiformes (including seriemas and the extinct "terror birds"). They appear to be the sister group of Afroaves. This clade was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Cariama cristata and Passer domesticus".

Eufalconimorphae
Eufalconimorphae is a clade of birds, consisting of passerines, parrots, falcons, caracaras, and forest falcons (but not other raptors). It has whole-genome DNA support.  This clade was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Falco subbuteo and Passer domesticus". Eufalconimorphae birds are characterized by their strong and hooked beaks, sharp talons, and powerful wings. They have excellent eyesight, which allows them to spot their prey from great distances. The Eufalconimorphae is noted to produce aerodynamic force during the upstroke of flight to help create a vertical flight pattern.

See below cladogram showing Eufalconimorphae's relationship within Australaves:
Benedicto Caldarella
Benedicto Caldarella (Buenos Aires, September 1, 1940), also known as Chiche Caldarella, is an Argentine former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer, who competed between 1961 and 1964. In 1962, he won at the  500cc Argentine Grand Prix, becoming the second Argentine rider in history (after Jorge Kissling) to win a Grand Prix in World Motorcycle Racing. He ended the season ranked fifth overall. In 1970, he ran a Brabham BT 30 in the European Formula 2 Championship, sponsored by Automovil Club Argentino, beside Carlos Reutemann.

1964 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 1964 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 16th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of twelve Grand Prix races in six classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc, 50cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 2 February, with United States Grand Prix and ended with Japanese Grand Prix on 1 November.
Not flash, just Gordon
Not flash, just Gordon was an advertising slogan and campaign used by the British Labour Party in September and October 2007. The campaign was created by advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi in preparation for a speculated snap general election after Labour Party leader Gordon Brown succeeded Tony Blair as prime minister in June. The campaign intended to win over the electorate by implicitly comparing Brown with Blair, dissociating the former from the latter's demonstrative self-presentation, and also implicitly compared Brown with Conservative Party leader David Cameron. It made Brown's perceived awkward persona a strength and his perceived lack of charisma and limited communication skills a virtue. The campaign ended after Brown said he would not call a snap election on 6 October.

Advertising slogan
Advertising slogans are short phrases used in advertising campaigns to generate publicity and unify a company's marketing strategy. The phrases may be used to attract attention to a distinctive product feature or reinforce a company's brand.
Cinema City Czech Republic
Cinema City is a brand of multiplex cinemas in eastern and central Europe, run by the Israeli company Cinema City International (CCI). In Europe it has cinemas in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. CCI also runs a chain of Israeli multiplexes under the name of Rav-Hen.

On 19 January 2011, as a part of a bigger European deal, Cinema City acquired 8 multiplexes (4 of them in Prague) from Palace Cinemas with 65 screens.

Mooky Greidinger
Moshe "Mooky" Joseph Greidinger (Hebrew: מוקי גרידינגר; born 12 December 1952) is an Israeli businessman. He was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Cineworld, the world's second largest cinema chain. Together with his brother Israel, they owned 29% of the company. On 31 July 2023, it was announced that Mooky and his brother will leave Cineworld, after the company entered Chapter 11 process in September 2022. His family has had interests in the cinema business since the 1930s.
2010–11 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team represented Purdue University. The head coach was Matt Painter, in his sixth season with the Boilers. The team played its home games in Mackey Arena in West Lafayette, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.

Purdue finished the season 26–8, 14–4 in Big Ten play to finish in second place. As the No. 2 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they lost to Michigan State in the quarterfinals. They received a bid to the NCAA tournament as No. 3 seed in the Southwest Region. They defeated Saint Peter's in the Second Round before losing to eventual Final Four participant VCU in the Third Round.

2011 Big Ten men's basketball tournament
The 2011 Big Ten men's basketball tournament was held from March 10 through March 13, 2011 at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the fourteenth annual Big Ten men's basketball tournament. The championship was won by Ohio State who defeated Penn State in the championship game. As a result, Ohio State received the Big Ten's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The win marked Ohio State's fourth tournament championship and second consecutive (one championship has been vacated).
Geography of Sweden
Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west (which is one of Sweden’s non-EU neighbours); Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At 450,295 km2 (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the fifth largest in Europe, and the 55th largest country in the world.

Sweden has a 3,572 km (2,220 mi) long coastline on its east, and the Scandinavian mountain chain (Skanderna) on its western border, separating it from Norway. It has maritime borders with Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia (another non-EU neighbour) Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and it is also linked to Denmark (southwest) by the Öresund bridge. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of 160,885 km2 (62,118 mi2).

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
Tennessee's 8th congressional district
The 8th congressional district of Tennessee is a congressional district in West Tennessee. It has been represented by Republican David Kustoff since January 2017. The district appears rural on a map, but the bulk of its vote is cast in the suburban and exurban areas around Memphis, such as Germantown, Bartlett, and Collierville, as well as Fayette and Tipton counties. This area boasts some of the highest median incomes in the state.

The rest of the district is composed mostly of small towns and farming communities. The district already had a strong social conservative tint which grew even more pronounced when eastern Memphis was added to the district; many of the state's most politically active churches are located here.

According to the 2010 census, the five largest cities located mostly with the district are: Jackson (65,211), Bartlett (54,613), Collierville (43,965), Germantown (38,844), and Dyersburg (17,145). Of these, only Jackson and Dyersburg are not in Shelby County

Henderson County, Tennessee
Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee, with its county seat in Lexington, and with a population of 27,842 as of the 2020 census. The county was founded in 1821 and named after James Henderson, a soldier in the War of 1812.
Stone Ridge, Virginia
Stone Ridge is a census-designated place in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. Residences use Aldie mailing addresses, and it is near Washington Dulles International Airport. The population as of the 2020 census was 15,039. Stone Ridge is a Van Metre Homes planned, mixed-use community.

Virginia State Route 659 (Loudoun and Prince William Counties)
State Route 659 in Loudoun and Prince William Counties, Virginia is a secondary state highway. Otherwise known as Belmont Ridge Road north of Arcola, and Gum Spring Road to the south, the road is heavily used by commuters in the suburbs and bedroom communities of Loudoun County.
Polyurethane urea elastomer
The polyurethane urea elastomer (PUU), or poly (urethane urea) elastomer, is a flexible polymeric material that is composed of linkages made out of polyurethane and polyurea compounds. Due to its hyperelastic properties, it is capable of bouncing back high-speed ballistic projectiles as if the material had "hardened" upon impact. PUUs were developed by researchers from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Army's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to potentially replace polyethylene materials in body armor and other protective gear, such as combat helmets, face shields, and ballistic vestss.

Body armor
Body armor, personal armor (also spelled armour), armored suit (armoured) or coat of armor, among others, is armor for a person's body: protective clothing or close-fitting hands-free shields  designed to absorb or deflect physical attacks. Historically used to protect military personnel, today it is also used by various types of police (riot police in particular), private security guards, or bodyguards, and occasionally ordinary citizens. Today there are two main types: regular non-plated body armor for moderate to substantial protection, and hard-plate reinforced body armor for maximum protection, such as used by combatants.
Paradeep railway station
Paradeep railway station is a major railway station in Jagatsinghpur district, Odisha. Its code is PRDP. It serves Paradeep city. It is the biggest railway station in Jagatsinghpur district. The station consists of three platforms. It is one of the most important Railway station of Eastern coast of India.

Jagatsinghpur district
Jagatsinghpur district is one of the thirty districts of Odisha in the eastern coast of India. It became a new district on 1 April 1993 being separated from Cuttack district with its own headquarter in Jagatsinghpur town. Deltaic and partly littoral; the district of Jagatsinghpur is triangular in shape and small in geographical proportions. It is the smallest district in the state and covers a landmass of 1759 km2. It has a history of its own dating back to the 6th century AD, having contemporaneity with the Prachi valley civilization.