hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Momentum-transfer cross section
In physics, and especially scattering theory, the momentum-transfer cross section (sometimes known as the momentum-transport cross section) is an effective scattering cross section useful for describing the average momentum transferred from a particle when it collides with a target.  Essentially, it contains all the information about a scattering process necessary for calculating average momentum transfers but ignores other details about the scattering angle.

The momentum-transfer cross section  is defined in terms of an (azimuthally symmetric and momentum independent) differential cross section  by

The momentum-transfer cross section can be written in terms of the phase shifts from a partial wave analysis as

Partial-wave analysis
Partial-wave analysis, in the context of quantum mechanics, refers to a technique for solving scattering problems by decomposing each wave into its constituent angular-momentum components and solving using boundary conditions. Partial wave analysis is typically useful for low energy scattering where only a few angular momentum components dominate. At high energy, where scattering is weak, an alternative called the Born approximation is used.: 507
Alojz Rebula
Alojz Rebula (June 21, 1924 – October 23, 2018) was a Slovene writer, playwright, essayist, and translator, and a prominent member of the Slovene minority in Italy. He lived and worked in Villa Opicina in the Province of Trieste, Italy. He was a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Slovene Littoral
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

The Slovene Littoral, or simply Littoral (Slovene: Primorska, pronounced [pɾiˈmóːɾska] ⓘ; Italian: Litorale; German: Küstenland), is one of the traditional regions of Slovenia. The littoral in its name – for a coastal-adjacent area – recalls the former Austrian Littoral (Avstrijsko Primorje), the Habsburg possessions on the upper Adriatic coast, of which the Slovene Littoral was part. Today, the Littoral is often associated with the Slovenian ethnic territory that, in the first half of the 20th century, found itself in Italy to the west of the Rapallo Border, which separated a quarter of Slovenes from the rest of the nation, and was strongly influenced by Italian fascism.
Operation Benin
Operation Benin, also known as Operation Cotonou, was a rescue mission carried out by the Lebanese Navy SEALs Regiment in Cotonou, Benin between December 26, 2003 and December 30, 2003 This operation is considered to be the first mission carried out by Lebanese Armed Forces units abroad. Its task was to recover bodies and two black boxes from UTA Flight 141.

12-hour clock
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to "after midday"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 12-hour clock has been developed since the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century.

The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries. In English-speaking countries: "12 p.m." usually indicates noon, while "12 a.m." means midnight, but the reverse convention has also been used (see § Confusion at noon and midnight). "Noon" and "midnight" are unambiguous.
2005 Tippeligaen
The 2005 Tippeligaen was the 61st completed season of top division football in Norway. The season began on 10 April 2005, and was concluded with the last of 26 rounds played on 29 October. 3 points were given for wins and 1 for draws.

Vålerenga, the winner of this year's season entered the second round of next year's Champions League qualification, while the runners-up (Start), number 3 (Lyn) and the Norwegian Cup winners enter the UEFA Cup qualification round. The top four teams qualified for the 2004–05 Royal League.

1,726,145 people attended the matches, a new record for the Tippeligaen and 300,000 more than the previous year. It is also more than twice as many as in 1995, when only 841,717 attended the matches during the whole season. The 2005 season was, as of 2019, the last season where all the teams in the division played on natural turfs only.

2004–05 Royal League
The Royal League 2004–05 was the first season of the Scandinavian Royal League football tournament. Play started on 11 November 2004, and ended in a final between FC Copenhagen and IFK Göteborg on 26 May 2005, with Copenhagen winning the title in a penalty shootout.
Shirakami-Sanchi
The Shirakami Mountains (White God Mountains) (Japanese: 白神山地, Hepburn: Shirakami-Sanchi) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site wilderness area in the Tōhoku region of northern Honshū, Japan. This mountainous area includes the last virgin forest of Japanese beech which once covered most of northern Japan. The area straddles both Akita and Aomori Prefectures, with three-fourths of it in Aomori Prefecture. Of the entire 130,000-hectare (500 sq mi) area, a tract covering 16,971-hectare (65.53 sq mi) was included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1993. Fauna found in the area includes Japanese black bear, the Japanese serow, Japanese macaque and 87 species of birds. The Shirakami-Sanchi was one of the first sites entered on the World Heritage List in Japan, along with Yakushima, Himeji Castle, and Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area in 1993. Permission is needed from Forest Management to enter the heart of the Shirakami-Sanchi.

Yakushima
Yakushima (屋久島) is one of the Ōsumi Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 504.88 km2 (194.94 sq mi) in area, has a population of 11,858. It is accessible by hydrofoil ferry, car ferry, or by air to Yakushima Airport.

The island is part of the town (chō) of Yakushima, which includes the neighbouring island of Kuchinoerabujima. 42% of the island is within the borders of the Yakushima National Park.

As of 2021, Yakushima's electricity generation was more than 99% hydroelectric, and surplus power has been used to produce hydrogen gas in an experiment by Kagoshima University. The island has been a test site for Honda's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle research.
Pengbian station
Pengbian station (simplified Chinese: 彭边站; traditional Chinese: 彭邊站; pinyin: Péngbiān Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Pàahngbīn Jaahm) is a station on Line 14 of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located on the south side of Jianpeng Road, near the intersection with Pengxi Hualian Road on the north side of the planned Guangzhou Design City West Expansion Area, in the Jiahe Subdistrict of Baiyun District in Guangzhou. It opened on 29 September 2025.

Jiahe Subdistrict, Guangzhou
Jiahe Subdistrict (Chinese: 嘉禾街道; pinyin: Jiāhé Jiēdào; Jyutping: gaa1 wo4 gaai1 dou6) is a subdistrict of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. As of 2020, it has 9 residential communities (社区) under its administration.
Conglomérat de Cernay
The Conglomérat de Cernay is a geologic formation in Champagne-Ardenne, northern France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Thanetian stage of the Paleocene period. The lizard Cernaycerta and placental mammal Bustylus cernaysi are named after the formation.

Plesiadapis
Plesiadapis is one of the oldest known primate-like mammal genera which existed about 58-55 million years ago in North America and Europe. Plesiadapis means "near-Adapis", which is a reference to the adapiform primate of the Eocene period, Adapis. Plesiadapis tricuspidens, the type species, is named after the three cusps present on its upper incisors.
Chandler roundup
The Chandler roundup was a law enforcement operation in Chandler, Arizona, in 1997 in which hundreds of suspected illegal immigrants were arrested. In 2004 hearings of the U.S. Senate, it was described as "the only major ethnic profiling incident actually related to immigration".

Chandler, Arizona
Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, and a suburb in the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the fourth-most populous city in Arizona, after Phoenix, Tucson, and Mesa. Chandler is considered to be a part of the East Valley.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Chandler was 275,987, up from 236,123 at the 2010 census. Chandler is a commercial and tech hub for corporations like Intel, Northrop Grumman, Wells Fargo, PayPal and Boeing.
Transactional law
Transactional law is the practice of private law relating to money, business, and commerce. Areas of focus include providing legal aid to entrepreneurs through contract drafting, real estate acquisition, and intellectual property affairs. Transactional law firms differ from traditional litigation firms in that transactional firms generally prefer to resolve disputes out of court.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Index of civil engineering articles
This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to civil engineering. For a broad overview of engineering, please see List of engineering topics. For biographies please see List of civil engineers.

Weight transfer
Weight transfer and load transfer are two expressions used somewhat confusingly to describe two distinct effects in the context of automobile and motorcycle dynamics:

the change in load borne by different wheels of even perfectly rigid vehicles during acceleration

the change in center of mass (CoM) location relative to the wheels because of suspension compliance or cargo shifting or sloshing

In the automobile industry, weight transfer customarily refers to the change in load borne by different wheels during acceleration. This would be more properly referred to as load transfer, and that is the expression used in the motorcycle industry, while weight transfer on motorcycles, to a lesser extent on automobiles, and cargo movement on either is due to a change in the CoM location relative to the wheels. This article uses this latter pair of definitions.
Richie Leahy
Richard Leahy (born 13 March 1997) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Rower–Inistioge and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a midfielder.

2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 24 May 2017 and ended on 9 September 2017.

Waterford entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in the Munster semi-final. Meath fielded a team in the championship for the first time in several seasons.

On 9 September 2017, Limerick won the championship following a 0-17 to 0-11 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons.
Arkansas Highway 333
Highway 333 (AR 333, Ark. 333, and Hwy. 333) is a designation of three north–south state highways in Arkansas. One route begins at US Highway 64 (US 64) and runs north 17.20 miles (27.68 km) to Highway 7. A second highway begins at Searcy County Road 8 (CR 8) and runs north to US 65 near Marshall. A third segment connects Gilbert to the state highway system. All three highways were created and modified to their existing alignments between 1965 and 1974, and are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

Annual average daily traffic
Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is a measure used primarily in transportation planning, transportation engineering and retail location selection. Traditionally, it is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a simple, but useful, measurement of how busy the road is.

AADT is the standard measurement for vehicle traffic load on a section of road, and the basis for some decisions regarding transport planning, or the environmental hazards of pollution related to road transport.
Punjab State Super League
The Punjab State Super League (simply known as the Punjab Super League or the JCT Punjab Super League) is an Indian top state-level regional football league in the state of Punjab. The league serves as the top football league in the state of Punjab and is sanctioned by Punjab Football Association. The league has been long-sponsored by the JCT Limited.

Indian State Leagues
State football leagues in India represent the premier-state and 5th-10th overall men's and 3rd women's tier of the Indian football league system. There are currently 36 state associations affiliated with the national governing body, the All India Football Federation (AIFF).

Most of the state associations organise and have own affiliated football competitions in their respective states. The state leagues operate as a system of promotion and relegation with I-League 3 (men's), Indian Women's League 2 (women's), and lower regional leagues. Clubs of top national leagues (Indian Super League and I-League) also participate in their respective state leagues, most often with youth or reserve teams.
Connect (financial services company)
Connect, formerly PRBC, is a consumer credit reporting agency, more commonly referred to as a credit bureau in the United States. It is similar to the other four U.S. credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion and Innovis) in that it is an FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act) compliant national data repository.  Connect differs in that consumers are able to self-enroll and report their own non-debt payment history, and they can build a positive credit file based on alternative data, such as timely payments for bills including rent, utilities, cable, telephone, and insurance that are not automatically reported to the other bureaus.

The Connect service is offered free of charge. When someone takes out a loan, the lender or merchant will pay a fee to Connect so they can see his or her alternative credit rating.

Innovis
Innovis is the credit reporting division of CBC Companies and is considered the fourth largest consumer credit reporting agency in the United States, behind the "big three" Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. Based in Columbus, Ohio, the company offers services such as fraud protection, credit information, identity verification, and receivables management.

Innovis is a subsidiary of CBC Companies, but companies that report debt activity, such as Verizon, refer to the company by the name "Innovis", or simply state that they report to "all four credit agencies".
Union of God's Musicians and Artists Ascension
The Union of God's Musicians and Artists Ascension (UGMAA) was a collective of African American jazz musicians formed by Horace Tapscott in the late 1960s. It was part of his work with the Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra (PAPA), founded in 1961, which aimed to preserve, develop and publicize African American music. UGMAA was the successor of the Underground Musicians Association (UGMA), founded in 1963, of which P.A.P.A. became a part.

The collective was partly set up to find employment for African American musicians, dancers and visual artists in Los Angeles. Political influences of the time included John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman, Malcolm X and H. Rap Brown.

Within UGMAA, Horace Tapscott offered poor youths free music lessons, and later enlisted them into the P.A.P.A. Famous musicians involved with UGMAA included Arthur Blythe, Stanley Crouch, Butch Morris, Joe Sample, Wilber Morris, David Murray, Jimmy Woods, Nate Morgan and Guido Sinclair.

Arthur Blythe
Arthur Murray Blythe (July 5, 1940 – March 27, 2017) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and composer. He was described by critic Chris Kelsey as displaying "one of the most easily recognizable alto sax sounds in jazz, big and round, with a fast, wide vibrato and an aggressive, precise manner of phrasing" and furthermore as straddling the avant garde and traditionalist jazz, often with bands featuring unusual instrumentation.
Aurora Golden Gala
Aurora Golden Gala (cultivar 8S6923) is a cross between the apples 'Splendour' and 'Gala'. It was named in 2003 in a nationwide "Name the Apple" contest. Aurora Golden Gala is a yellow dessert apple. It is harvested mid-season. The fruit are medium in size, very crisp, juicy, aromatic, sweet, and they store well.

Currently Aurora Golden Gala is only available in Canada and the United States. The cultivar was made at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Summerland, BC.

Gala (apple)
Gala is an apple cultivar with a sweet, mild flavor, a crisp but not hard texture, and a striped or mottled orange or reddish appearance. Originating from New Zealand in the 1930s, similar to most named apples it is clonally propagated. Easy to grow, the Gala is one of the top commercial apple varieties today and one of the most popular in North America.
2019 Women's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup
The 2019 Women's Indoor Asia Cup was the seventh edition of the Women's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup, the biennial international women's indoor hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the men's tournament in Chonburi, Thailand from 15 to 21 July 2019.

Kazakhstan were the defending champions having won the 2017 edition. They defended their title by defeating the hosts Thailand 3–1 in the final. Uzbekistan won the bronze medal by defeating Malaysia 1–0 in a shoot-out.

2017 Women's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup
The 2017 Women's Indoor Asia Cup was the sixth edition of the Women's Indoor Hockey Asia Cup. It was held in Doha, Qatar from 24–28 April 2017.

The number of teams for this year’s cup wasincreased by one compared to the previous tournament where five teams competed. Cambodia and Hong Kong, who competed previously, not joined this year’s edition and be replaced by Malaysia, North Korea, and China.

Kazakhstan defeated Malaysia in the final to win the cup and secured a place in 2018 Women's Indoor Hockey World Cup.
Quercus sideroxyla
Quercus sideroxyla, called the Santa Rosa oak and encino colorado, is a species of oak native to northern and southwestern Mexico. Used for charcoal production, it prefers to grow at elevations from 1,800 to 2,700 metres (5,900 to 8,900 feet). It is placed in section Lobatae.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Flora of Azerbaijan
Flora of Azerbaijan or Vegetation of Azerbaijan refers to the plants, trees and flowers which can be found in Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan has a very rich flora, more than 4,500 species of higher plants have been registered in the country. Due to the unique climate in Azerbaijan, the flora is much richer in the number of species than the flora of the other republics of the South Caucasus. About 66% of the species growing in the whole Caucasus can be found in Azerbaijan.

The richness of Azerbaijan's flora and the variety of its vegetation results from the variety and richness of its physical-geographic and natural-historic conditions and from its compound history influenced by the remote floristic regions.

Pinus brutia
Pinus brutia, commonly known as the Turkish pine and Calabrian pine, is a species of pine native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, with smaller populations occurring in Bulgaria, Crete, Cyprus, Iraq, western Syria, Northern Iran, Crimea, the western Caucasus, and Azerbaijan; it is also naturalised as far east as Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is also known as East Mediterranean pine, Afghan pine, and Brutia pine. The name "Calabrian pine" comes from an introduced grove in the region of Calabria in southern Italy; historically this region was called Bruttium, which is likely where the specific epithet "brutia" comes from. Pinus brutia bears many similarities with other, closely related species such as Pinus halepensis and Pinus canariensis. Turkish pine forms a species complex with the former.
Route of the Lincoln Highway
As the Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States and was widely publicized since its inception, the route of the Lincoln Highway was determined not only by civil engineering considerations but also by politics. In many regions, there was general consensus among those who had power or interest in influencing the route. But in a few regions the choice of route was a contentious topic during the 1920s. The highway took the following route:

U.S. Route 93 Alternate (Nevada)
In the U.S. state of Nevada, U.S. Route 93 Alternate (US 93 Alt. or Alt 93) is an alternate route of U.S. Route 93 located in the northeast part of the state. It connects Lages Station to Wells via the town of West Wendover.
Carlo Röthlisberger
Carlo Röthlisberger (born 23 August 1994) is a Swiss-Italian ice dancer who competes for Italy. With his skating partner and wife, Victoria Manni, he is the 2016 Santa Claus Cup bronze medalist, a four-time Swiss national champion, and a four-time Italian national silver medalist (2023–26). As a team, they have competed in nine ISU Championships.

Volvo Open Cup
The Volvo Open Cup is an annual international figure skating competition held in Riga, Latvia. In some years, the event is part of the ISU Challenger Series. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Sindhu Bhairavi (soundtrack)
Sindhu Bhairavi is the soundtrack to the 1985 Tamil-language musical drama film of the same name directed by K. Balachander. The film featured nine songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja with lyrics written by Vairamuthu and Vaali. The soundtrack consists of classical music compositions, where most of the songs are set in Carnatic ragas; it ranges from melody to folk. Sindhu Bhairavi has been regarded as one of Ilaiyaraaja's best works in his career, for which he won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction.

G. Dhananjayan
G. Dhananjayan (GD) is an Indian film producer, distributor, columnist, author of four books on Indian films, and founder-director BOFTA Film Institute. He has produced films in the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi languages, including Sankat City (2009), Kanden Kadhalai (2009), Mugamoodi (2012), Anjaan (2014) and Irudhi Suttru (2016), Kaatrin Mozhi (2018), Kabadadaari (2021), Kodiyil Oruvan (2021) and many other films. He has won two National Film Awards.