hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association
The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA) is an international association of economists with common research interests in Latin America. It was founded in July 1992, to encourage professional interaction and foster increased dialogue among researchers and practitioners whose work focuses on the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean. Since 1996, its Annual Meetings bring together scholars, practitioners and students to discuss research papers and listen to invited keynote speakers who present the latest academic findings in economic and social development issues. LACEA fosters several thematic research networks, publishes the academic journal Economia, and administers the digital repository LACER-LACEA.

Andrés Velasco
Andrés Velasco Brañes (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes βeˈlasko]; born August 30, 1960) is a Chilean economist and professor who served as Minister of Finance in the first government of President Michelle Bachelet from March 2006 to March 2010. He is currently the Dean of the School of Public Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
Daniel P. Matthews
Daniel Paul Matthews (December 31, 1931 – March 28, 1953) was a United States Marine Corps sergeant who was killed in action in 1953 and posthumously awarded the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, during the Battle for Outpost Vegas for his single-handed attack under fire upon an enemy machine gun position which had prevented the evacuation of a wounded comrade.

He was the 41st Marine to receive the Medal of Honor for heroism above and beyond the call of duty during the Korean War.

1st Marine Division
The 1st Marine Division (1st MARDIV) is a Marine division of the United States Marine Corps headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. It is the ground combat element of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF).

It is the oldest and largest active duty division in the United States Marine Corps, representing a combat-ready force of 22,000 personnel. It is one of three active duty divisions in the Marine Corps today and is a multi-role, expeditionary ground combat force. It is nicknamed "The Old Breed".
Erwin Stresemann
Erwin Friedrich Theodor Stresemann (22 November 1889, in Dresden – 20 November 1972, in East Berlin) was a German naturalist and ornithologist. Stresemann was an ornithologist of extensive breadth who compiled one of the first and most comprehensive accounts of avian biology of its time as part of the Handbuch der Zoologie (Handbook of Zoology). In the process of his studies on birds, he also produced one of the most extensive historical accounts on the development of the science of ornithology. He influenced numerous ornithologists around him and oversaw the development of ornithology in Germany as editor of the Journal für Ornithologie. He also took an interest in poetry, philosophy and linguistics. He published a monograph on the Paulohi language based on studies made during his ornithological expedition to the Indonesian island.

Bernhard Rensch
Bernhard Rensch (21 January 1900 – 4 April 1990) was a German evolutionary biologist and ornithologist who did field work in Indonesia and India. Starting his scientific career with pro-Lamarckian views, he shifted to selectionism and became one of the architects of the modern synthesis in evolutionary biology, which he popularised in Germany. Besides his work on how environmental factors influenced the evolution of geographically isolated populations and on evolution above the species level, which contributed to the modern synthesis, he also worked extensively in the area of animal behavior (ethology) and on philosophical aspects of biological science. His education and scientific work were interrupted by service in the German military during both World War I and World War II.
Hook and Cod wars
The Hook and Cod wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten; sometimes semi-anglicised as the wars of the Hoecks and the Cabbeljaws) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought over who should hold the title of "Count of Holland".
The Cod faction generally consisted of the more progressive cities of Holland. The Hook faction consisted for a large part of the conservative noblemen.

Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht
The Bishopric of Utrecht (Dutch: Sticht Utrecht; Latin: Episcopatus Ultraiectensis) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, in the present-day Netherlands. From 1024 to 1528, as one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, it was ruled by the bishops of Utrecht.

The Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht is not to be confused with the Diocese of Utrecht, which covered a larger area. Over the areas outside the Prince-Bishopric, the bishop exercised only spiritual, not temporal, authority.

In 1528, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor secularized the Prince-Bishopric, depriving the bishop of its secular authority.
2007 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo – Doubles
The women's doubles Tournament at the 2007 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo took place between 16 and 22 July on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy. Mariya Koryttseva and Darya Kustova won the title, defeating Alice Canepa and Karin Knapp in the final.

2007 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
The 2007 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 20th edition of the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo, and was part of the WTA Tier IV tournaments of the 2007 WTA Tour. It was held in Palermo, Italy, from 16 July until 22 July 2007. Eighth-seeded Ágnes Szávay won the title.
Basti, Uttar Pradesh
Basti is a city, municipal board and administrative headquarters of Basti district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district is part of Basti division. It is situated 202 kilometres east of the state capital, Lucknow.

Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, along the banks of the Rapti river in the  Purvanchal region. It is situated 272 kilometres east of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur district, North Eastern Railway Zone and Gorakhpur division. The city is home to the Gorakhnath Math, a Gorakhnath temple. The city also has had an Indian Air Force station since 1963. Gita Press, the world's largest publisher of Hindu religious texts like Ramayana and Mahabharata, has been established here since 1926.
Archives of Manitoba
Archives of Manitoba (French: Archives du Manitoba), formerly the Provincial Archives of Manitoba (Direction des archives provinciales) until 2003, is the official government archive of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is located at 200 Vaughan Street in Winnipeg, where it has been established since January 1971.

It is also the official repository of the Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA). The archives also holds personal papers, including those of Manitoba premier Sir Hugh John Macdonald, son of Canadian prime minister Sir John A. Macdonald.

Winnipeg general strike
The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 was one of the largest strikes in Canadian history. For six weeks, May 15 to June 26, more than 30,000 strikers brought economic activity to a standstill in Winnipeg, Manitoba, which at the time was Canada's third largest city.

In the short term, the strike ended in arrests and bloodshed. Over time it contributed to the development of a stronger labour movement and the tradition of social democratic politics in Canada. Winnipeg itself would see decline over the remainder of the twentieth century as both the east and west coasts had less need of its transport networks.
Le Destin fabuleux de Désirée Clary
Le Destin fabuleux de Désirée Clary (Mlle. Desiree) is a French film released in September 1942, black and white, written and directed by Sacha Guitry. The film concerns the life of Désirée Clary, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, who became Queen of Sweden and the founder of a dynasty.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
2005 Kremlin Cup
The 2006 Kremlin Cup was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 16th edition of the Kremlin Cup, and was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 2005 WTA Tour. It took place at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 10 October through 16 October 2005.

2005 ATP Tour
This is a list of the tournaments played in the 2005 season of Men's tennis (calendar year), including ATP events and ITF events (This does not include the ITF Men's Circuit, only the ATP circuit). Changes were made to match format during this season. The third set of doubles matches was no longer played as a traditional set. Instead it was played as a match tie break first to 10 and clear by 2, to decide the winner.
Tamara Makarova
Tamara Fyodorovna Makarova (Russian: Тама́ра Фёдоровна Мака́рова; 13 August 1907 – 19 January 1997) was a Soviet and Russian film actress and pedagogue. She was awarded the title to the People's Artist of the USSR (1950) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1982).

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Anders Hammer Strømman
Anders Hammer Strømman (born 1975) is a professor of industrial ecology in the Industrial Ecology Programme at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He has collaborated with Francesco Cherubini in developing a method to analyse the climate impact of CO2 emissions from biomass combustion, and his fields of expertise include life cycle studies of producing electric car batteries.

Strømman co-authored the fifth assessment report of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He is also a co-author in Working Group III of the sixth assessment report: Climate Change 2022: «Mitigation of Climate Change».

In 2011, he received the Laudise Medal from The International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE) in recognition of his research. «The Laudise Medal is awarded for outstanding achievements in industrial ecology by a researcher under the age of 36.»

He is elected member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA).

Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.

The academy was founded in Trondheim in 1955. the academy has about 290 fellows under the age of 65 and a total of 730 members. King Harald is the academy's high protector, in recognition of the academy's importance to society.

It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).

NTVA is one of four learned societies in Norway. The others are Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and Agder Vitenskapsakademi.
Ancestral House of Rajendra Prasad
The Ancestral House of Rajendra Prasad also known as Dr. Rajendra Prasad's Ancestral House, is located in Ziradei block of Siwan district, state of Bihar, India. This house holds immense historical and national importance, representing a significant landmark in the life of a key figure in India's independence movement. The house is now a protected monument, maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India's Patna circle since July 26, 2001 with serial number N-BR-65 in the list of Monuments of National Importance for Bihar state.

Siwan district
Siwan district is one of the districts of Bihar state, India. Siwan town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Siwan district is a part of Saran division since 1972. The district was previously also known as Aliganj Siwan after the name of Raja Ali Bux Khan. Siwan has historical and mythological importance attached to it. There is ancient ashram of sage Dronacharya in the Don village. It is believed that Dronacharya had spent his time here. The Member of Parliament from Siwan is Vijaylakshmi Devi.

The district occupies an area of 2,219 square kilometres (857 sq mi).
Burwell, Lincolnshire
Burwell is a small village and Civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A16 road, and north from Spilsby. The village covers approximately 2,200 acres (8.9 km2).

East Lindsey
East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Horncastle and the largest town is Skegness. Other towns include Alford, Burgh le Marsh, Coningsby, Louth, Mablethorpe, Spilsby, Sutton on Sea, Wainfleet All Saints, Wragby and Woodhall Spa. The district also covers a large rural area, including many smaller settlements.

The district lies on the east coast, bordering the North Sea. The north-west of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, West Lindsey and North East Lincolnshire.
HMS Foudroyant (1798)
HMS Foudroyant was an 80-gun third rate of the Royal Navy, one of only two British-built 80-gun ships of the period (the other was HMS Caesar). Foudroyant was built in the dockyard at Plymouth Dock (a.k.a. Devonport) and launched on 31 March 1798. Foudroyant served Nelson as his flagship from 6 June 1799 until the end of June 1800.

Foudroyant had a long and successful career, and although she was not involved in any major fleet action, she did provide invaluable service to numerous admirals throughout her 17 years on active service. In her last years she became a training vessel for boys.

Abu Qir
Abu Qir (Arabic: ابو قير, Abu Qīr, [æbuˈ] or [æbo ʔiːɾ], Coptic: ⲁⲡⲁⲕⲩⲣⲓ Apakyri), formerly also spelled Abukir or Aboukir, is a town on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, near the ruins of ancient Canopus and 23 kilometers (14 mi) northeast of Alexandria by rail. It is located on Abu Qir Peninsula, with Abu Qir Bay to the east.
Second Chance (Shinedown song)
"Second Chance" is a song by the American rock band Shinedown and the second single from their 2008 album, The Sound of Madness. It was released on September 9, 2008, and has become Shinedown's highest-charting single.

Adult Pop Airplay
The Adult Pop Airplay (formerly known as Adult Pop Songs and Adult Top 40) chart is published weekly by Billboard magazine and ranks "the most popular adult top 40 as based on radio airplay detections measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems."

It is a format in which the genre is geared more towards an adult audience who are not into hard rock, hip hop, or soft adult contemporary fare. The main genres within this format are a mix of soft and energetic adult contemporary music alongside adult alternative rock and adult-oriented pop music. It is not to be confused with the Adult Contemporary chart which contains more ballad-driven songs played on the radio. The current number-one song on the chart is "Opalite" by Taylor Swift.
1908 in Canadian football
The 1908 Canadian football season was the 17th season of organized play since the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) was founded in 1892 and the 26th season since the creation of the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) and the Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU) in 1883. The season concluded with the Hamilton Tigers defeating the Toronto University team in the 1908 Dominion Championship game.

1883 in Canadian football
The following is an overview of the events of 1883 in Canadian football, primarily focusing on the senior teams that played in this era. This includes news, standings, playoff games, and championships. This was the first season of the creation of the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) and the Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU).
Diodotus I
Diodotus I Soter (Greek: Διόδοτος Σωτήρ, Diódotos Sōtḗr, "Diodotos the Savior"; c. 300 BC – c. 235 BC) was the first Hellenistic king of Bactria. Diodotus was initially satrap of Bactria, but became independent of the Seleucid empire around 255 BC, establishing the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. In about 250 BC, Diodotus repelled a Parthian invasion of Bactria by Arsaces. He minted an extensive coinage and administered a powerful and prosperous new kingdom. He died around 235 BC and was succeeded by his son Diodotus II.

His rule was recounted by Apollodorus of Artemita in the Parthian History, but this text is lost, and surviving literary sources only mention him in passing. Thus, most details of Diodotus' life have to be reconstructed from numismatics and brief references by Justin and other historians.

Syrian Wars
The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region then called Coele-Syria, more of less equivalent to modern day Israel, Palestine and the Beqaa Valley. Control of this corridor mattered because it linked Asia to Egypt, threatened the Nile Delta, lay within the natural geographic continuation of the Seleucid Levant, and generated substantial agricultural and mercantile revenue. These conflicts drained the resources and manpower of both parties and led to their eventual destruction and conquest by Rome and Parthia. They are briefly mentioned in the biblical Books of the Maccabees.
Water mass
An oceanographic water mass is an identifiable body of water with a common formation history which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water. Properties include temperature, salinity, chemical - isotopic ratios, and other physical quantities which are conservative flow tracers. Water mass is also identified by its non-conservative flow tracers such as silicate, nitrate, oxygen, and phosphate.

Water masses are generally distinguished not only by their respective tracers but also by their location in the Worlds' oceans. Water masses are also distinguished by their vertical position so that there are surface water masses, intermediate water masses and deep water masses.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Clyde Sukeforth
Clyde Leroy Sukeforth (November 30, 1901 – September 3, 2000), nicknamed "Sukey", was an American baseball catcher, coach, scout and manager. He was best known for scouting and signing Jackie Robinson, the first black player in the modern era of Major League Baseball (MLB), to the Brooklyn Dodgers, after Robinson was scouted by Tom Greenwade in the Negro leagues. He was also instrumental in scouting and acquiring Roberto Clemente for the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Society for American Baseball Research
The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) is a membership organization dedicated to fostering the research and dissemination of the history and statistical record of baseball. The organization was founded in Cooperstown, New York, on August 10, 1971, at a meeting of 16 "statistorians" coordinated by sportswriter Bob Davids. The organization now reports a membership of over 7,500 and is based in Phoenix, Arizona.
Défense Conseil International
The Défense Conseil International is the French Ministry of Armed Forces' operator for exporting French military knowledge, training and technical assistance internationally. The organisation is a merger of 4 predecessors – COFRAS (established in 1972), NAFVCO (1980 now Naval Group), AIRCO (1984) and DESCO (1990). The four companies were once part of four branches of the French army (Land, Navy, Air and Special Forces, respectively) before unification in 2000.

The DCI group is headquartered in Paris, with several other sites within France. The company also has locations abroad, notably in the Middle East.

Dassault Group
Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault SAS (French pronunciation: [daso]; also GIM Dassault or Dassault Group) is a French corporate group established in 1929 with the creation of Société des Avions Marcel Bloch (now Dassault Aviation) by Marcel Dassault, later led by his son Serge Dassault, and led from 2018 to 2025 by co-founder of Dassault Systèmes, Charles Edelstenne. Since 2025, the group has been led by Éric Trappier, who is also the Chairman and CEO of Dassault Aviation.

According to Challenges, the Dassault family's combined net worth is estimated at around 23.5 billion euros.
Indian Fish Trap State Preserve
Indian Fish Trap State Preserve, also known as the Indian Fish Weir, is a historic site located near the Amana Colonies in rural Iowa County, Iowa. The fish weir is an array of rocks in a V-shaped formation in the Iowa River. It is the only structure of this kind in Iowa.

Iowa River
The Iowa River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States.  It is about 323 miles (520 km) long and is open to small river craft to Iowa City, about 65 miles (105 km) from its mouth. Its major tributary is the Cedar River.