hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbon star
A carbon star (C-type star) is typically an asymptotic giant branch star, a luminous red giant, whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen. The two elements combine in the upper layers of the star, forming carbon monoxide, which consumes most of the oxygen in the atmosphere, leaving carbon atoms free to form other carbon compounds, giving the star a "sooty" atmosphere and a strikingly ruby red appearance. There are also some dwarf and supergiant carbon stars, with the more common giant stars sometimes being called classical carbon stars to distinguish them.

In most stars (such as the Sun), the atmosphere is richer in oxygen than carbon. Ordinary stars not exhibiting the characteristics of carbon stars but cool enough to form carbon monoxide are therefore called oxygen-rich stars.

Carbon stars have quite distinctive spectral characteristics, and they were first recognized by their spectra by Angelo Secchi in the 1860s, a pioneering time in astronomical spectroscopy.

Supergiant
Supergiants are among the most massive and most luminous stars. Supergiant stars occupy the top region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, with absolute visual magnitudes between about −3 and −8. The temperatures of supergiant stars range from about 3,400 K to over 20,000 K.
National Route 30 (Vietnam)
National Route 30 (Vietnamese: Quốc lộ 30) is a highway in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam stretching from just north of Vĩnh Long, the capital of Vĩnh Long Province, northwest parallel to the Tiền Giang River into Đồng Tháp Province before meeting the Cambodian border along the northeastern bank of the Tiền Giang River. National Route 30 diverges northwest from National Route 1 just north of Vinh Long, on the opposite side of the Tien Giang. It passes through Tiền Giang Province and the towns of Cao Lãnh, Tan Dong, Tam Nông, An Long and Hồng Ngự.

National Route 1 (Vietnam)
National Route 1 (Vietnamese: Quốc lộ 1 (or abbrv. QL.1) or Đường 1), also known as National Route 1A, is the trans-Vietnam highway. The route begins at km 0 at Hữu Nghị Quan Border Gate near the China-Vietnam border, runs the length of the country connecting major cities including Hanoi, Đà Nẵng, Hồ Chí Minh City, Cần Thơ, and ends at km  2482 at Năm Căn commune in Cà Mau province.
Hahold III Hahót
Hahold (III) from the kindred Hahót (Hungarian: Hahót nembeli (III.) Hahót; fl. 1226–39) was a Hungarian noble, who served as ispán of Vas County from 1237 to 1239.

Hahold III was born into the Hahold branch of the gens Hahót as the son of Hahold II (fl. 1192) and his unidentified first wife. He had a brother, Michael I. Their father married for the second time, which marriage produced further three sons: Ákos, Nicholas I and Denis I.

Hahót (genus)
Hahót or Hahót–Buzád (also Hoholt, Hadod or Hahold) was the name of a gens (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary, several prominent secular dignitaries came from this kindred.  The last noble family, which originated from the kindred, became extinct in 1849.
Robin Ferrier
Robert John Ferrier FRSNZ, FNZIC, (7 August 1932 – 11 July 2013) was an organic chemist who discovered two chemical reactions, the Ferrier rearrangement and the Ferrier carbocyclization. Originally from Edinburgh, he moved to Wellington, New Zealand, in 1970.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Calvatone
Calvatone (Lombard: Calvatòon) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona, Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Cremona. Its territory is crossed by the Oglio River. In Roman times it was known as Bedriacum.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Oak Forest Site
The Oak Forest Site (11Ck-53) is located in Oak Forest, Cook County, Illinois, near the city of Chicago.  It is classified as a late prehistoric to Protohistoric/Early Historic site with Upper Mississippian Huber affiliation.

Hickory
Hickory is a common name for trees composing the genus Carya, which includes 19 species accepted by Plants of the World Online.

Seven species are native to southeast Asia in China, Indochina, and northeastern India (Assam), and twelve are native to North America. A number of hickory species are used for their edible nuts or for their wood.
St. Crumnathy's Cathedral, Achonry
St. Crumnathy's Cathedral is a former cathedral in Achonry in County Sligo, Ireland.

Dedicated to St Nathy, it was formerly in the Diocese of Achonry, and then the joint cathedral of Killala and Achonry. It was built in 1823, at a cost of £1066 with a grant from the Board of First Fruits, on the site of an earlier monastic settlement. It was one of three cathedrals in the Diocese of Tuam, Killala and Achonry until it was deconsecrated in 1998.

St. Crumnathy's Cathedral is a protected structure.

Bishop of Killala and Achonry
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Killala and Achonry was the Ordinary of the Church of Ireland diocese of Killala and Achonry in the Ecclesiastical Province of Tuam. The diocese comprised part of Counties Mayo and Sligo in Ireland.

The Episcopal see was a union of the bishoprics of Killala and Achonry which were united in 1622. Over the next two hundred and eleven years there were twenty-three bishops of the united diocese. Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), Killala and Achonry were united to the archbishopric of Tuam in 1834. Following the death of Archbishop Trench in 1839, Tuam lost its metropolitan and archbishopric status and became the united bishopric of Tuam, Killala and Achonry in the Province of Armagh.
Kaylyn Kyle
Kaylyn McKenzie Kyle (born October 6, 1988) is a Canadian former soccer player and member of the Canada national team, winning a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She is a Right To Play ambassador and currently serves as a soccer broadcaster for MLS Season Pass on Apple TV, hosting MLS 360.

Vancouver Whitecaps FC (women)
The Vancouver Whitecaps FC women was a Canadian soccer club based in Vancouver, British Columbia that played in the USL W-League, the second tier of women's soccer in the United States and Canada. The team was formed in 2001 under the name Vancouver Breakers following a merger of the Vancouver Lady 86ers and Vancouver Angels. In 2003, they changed their name to the Whitecaps to match the men's team.
2008 United States presidential debates
The 2008 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2008 presidential election.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a bipartisan organization formed in 1987, organized four debates among the major party candidates, sponsored three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. Only Republican nominee John McCain and Democratic nominee Barack Obama met the criteria for inclusion in the debates, and thus were the only two to appear in the debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The CPD-sponsored vice presidential debate took place between their respective vice presidential running mates, Sarah Palin and Joe Biden.

Both McCain and Obama did not agree to additional debates; however, each was interviewed at the Civil Forum on the Presidency, held on August 16, 2008, and at the Service Nation Presidential Forum on September 11, 2008. Both Palin and Biden also did not participate in any additional debates.

Civil Forum on the Presidency
The Civil Forum on the Presidency was the venue of back-to-back interviews of U.S. presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama by pastor Rick Warren on August 16, 2008, at Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California.
Yellowtail trumpeter
The yellowtail trumpeter (Amniataba caudavittata) (also known as the flagtailed terapon, yellowtail grunter and yellow-tailed perch) is a common species of coastal marine fish of the grunter family, Terapontidae. The yellowtail trumpeter is native to Australia and Papua New Guinea, ranging from Cape Leeuwin in Western Australia along the north coast to Bowen, Queensland, and along the southern coast of Papua New Guinea.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Japanese invasion of Parang
The Battle of Parang, Cotabato in 1942 saw the Japanese Kawaguchi Detachment land on the shores of Parang town in Cotabato province, Philippines, on April 29, 1942, as part of their invasion of Mindanao, facing resistance from the Philippine Army's 2nd Regular Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Calixto Duque, who managed to delay the Japanese advance for several hours despite eventually being forced to withdraw due to the overwhelming Japanese forces and the fall of nearby Cotabato City; this battle marked a key point in the Japanese occupation of southern Mindanao.

81st Division (Philippines)
The 81st Infantry Division was a reserve division of the Philippine Army under the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE). It was established in the prewar period and fought 1941–1942. Its troops are from Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte but most of its troops are Americans and junior officers are Filipinos coming mostly from Luzon. The division served in defense of Mindanao but it never commanded the 4 of its maneuver regiments but was supplemented with 61st Infantry from Panay and 73rd Infantry from Negros. Also, 2nd Regular Regiment was transferred to its command in the early part of Japanese invasion of Mindanao.
Ninnes Bridge
Ninnes Bridge is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England. Ninnes Bridge is northwest of Canon's Town and near Trencrom Hill.

Before it was called Ninnes Bridge it went by the name of Gonew. In 1872 land was bought for a chapel. The trustees were John Quick, Wm. Quick, John Hollow, Thos. Eddy and Jas. Inch (farmers), John Curnow, Hy. James, Thos. Martin, and Wm. Bennetts (miners), Chas. Burt (tailor), Edw. Richards (grocer of St. Ives), Rich. Paynter Stevens, Math. Woolcock, Thos. Hy. Bryant (fishermen of St.Ives). This attractive little chapel was built for about £150 and was opened in 1873.

Canon's Town
Canon's Town or Canonstown (Ordnance Survey) is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, UK, situated on the A30 road in the civil parish of Ludgvan, between Penzance and Hayle. It is southwest of St Erth railway station. It is in the civil parish of St Erth
Bombing of Aomori in World War II
The bombing of Aomori (青森大空襲, Aomori dai-kūshū) on July 28, 1945, was part of the strategic bombing air raids on Japan waged by the United States against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of the Pacific War.

Japan campaign
The Japan campaign was a series of battles and engagements fought in and around the Japanese home islands, between Allied forces and the forces of Imperial Japan during the last stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Japan campaign lasted from around June 1944 to the end of the Pacific War in August 1945.
Hammersmith Hospital
Hammersmith Hospital, formerly the Military Orthopaedic Hospital, and later the Special Surgical Hospital, is a major teaching hospital in White City, West London. It is part of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and is associated with the Imperial College Faculty of Medicine. Confusingly the hospital is not in Hammersmith but is located in White City adjacent to Wormwood Scrubs and East Acton.

White City, London
White City is a district of London, England, in the northern part of Shepherd's Bush in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross. White City is home to Television Centre, White City Place, Westfield London and Loftus Road, the home stadium of Queens Park Rangers F.C. The district got its name from the white marble cladding used on buildings during several exhibitions when the area was first developed, between 1908 and 1914.
Hillsong United
Hillsong United (stylised as Hillsong UNITED or UNITED) was a contemporary worship collective originating from Hillsong Church. Since forming in 1998 out of the church's youth ministry, the group has released fifteen live albums and six studio albums.

Band members were involved in Hillsong Church services and also played for the church. The band has toured in a number of countries, leading worship in various places and has an international influence.

GMA Dove Award
A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association (GMA) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry. The awards ceremonies presented annually and have been held in Nashville, Tennessee except in 2011 and 2012 when they were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN.

The awards were established in 1969 and represent a variety of musical styles including rock, pop, hip hop, country, and urban.
Méliès d'Or
The Méliès d'Or (French pronunciation: [meljɛs dɔʁ]; English: Golden Méliès) is an award presented annually by the Méliès International Festivals Federation (MIFF), an international network of genre film festivals from Europe. The Méliès d'Or was introduced in 1996 for science fiction, fantasy, and horror films. The award is named after film director Georges Méliès.

Spanish filmmaker Álex de la Iglesia and Danish filmmaker Anders Thomas Jensen are the only directors to have won the award twice. The most awarded country overall is Spain with seven awards, followed by Denmark and the United Kingdom with four awards each. In 2024, Handling the Undead was the  winner, whereas in 2025 Mr. K by Tallulah Hazekamp Schwab won the award in a ceremony hosted at the 58th Sitges Film Festival.

Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).
Mount Tiedemann
Mount Tiedemann 3,838 m (12,592 ft), prominence 848 m (2,782 ft), is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges subdivision of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia.  It is located 3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of Mount Waddington in the Waddington Range massif between the Homathko and Klinaklini Rivers.

Waddington Range
The Waddington Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is only about 4,000 km2 (1,500 sq mi) in area, relatively small in area within the expanse of the range, but it is the highest area of the Pacific Ranges and of the Coast Mountains, being crowned by its namesake Mount Waddington 4,019 m (13,186 ft). The Waddington Range is also extremely rugged and more a complex of peaks than a single icefield, in contrast to the other huge icefield-massifs of the southern Coast Mountains, which are not so peak-studded and tend to have more contiguous icemasses.
IonSense
IonSense, Inc. is a Massachusetts-based company that is developing technology for the analysis of materials by direct analysis in real time or DART mass spectrometry.  DART MS provides rapid qualitative and quantitative sample analysis of bioanalytical, medicinal, forensic, and chemical synthesis products by ambient mass spectrometry.

IonSense provides the DART Ion Sources which are interfaced to mass spectrometry systems manufactured by JEOL, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bruker, Applied Biosystems, Agilent, and Waters.

IonSense was acquired by Bruker in April 2022.

JEOL
JEOL, Ltd. (日本電子, Nihon Denshi Kabushiki-kaisha; Nihon meaning Japan and Denshi meaning electron) is a major developer and manufacturer of electron microscopes and other scientific instruments, industrial equipment and medical equipment.

Its headquarters are in Tokyo, Japan, with 25 domestic and foreign subsidiaries and associated companies as of 2014.  It is listed in the top ten businesses worldwide for analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing.   JEOL's instruments are used by researchers around the world, including the University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, and MIT.

It has been included in the Activest Lux Nanotech Mutual Fund  and the WestLB Nanotech Fund.
Hogg Islands
The Hogg Islands are a group of small islands lying 1 kilometre (0.5 nmi) south of Kamelen Island in the northern part of the Stanton Group, Antarctica. These small islands were mapped from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and later by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE). They were visited in 1969 by an ANARE dog-sledge party to the Taylor Glacier area. The islands were named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Dr. J. Hogg, medical officer at Mawson Station in 1969. The central island in the group affords the best camp site in the area.

Stanton Group
The Stanton Group (67°32′S 61°38′E﻿ / ﻿67.533°S 61.633°E﻿ / -67.533; 61.633) is a group of small rocky islands close to the coast at the east side of Utstikkar Bay, 4 nautical miles (7 km) northeast of Falla Bluff discovered in February 1931 by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Mawson. He named it for A. M. Stanton, first officer of the Discovery, 1930–31.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stanton Group". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
2025 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award
The 2025 BBC Sports Personality of the Year was a sporting awards show which took place on 18 December 2025. Broadcast live from MediaCity in Salford on BBC One and BBC iPlayer, it was presented by Clare Balding, Gabby Logan and Alex Scott.

The BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award was won by Rory McIlroy, with Ellie Kildunne in second place and Lando Norris in third.

For the first time since 2003, the BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award was not awarded.

BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award
The BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award was an award given annually as part of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony each December. Presented from 2003 to 2024, the award was given to the sportsperson who has made a substantive yet unrecognised contribution to sport.
Crystallite
A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials. Crystallites are also referred to as grains.

Bacillite is a type of crystallite. It is rodlike with parallel longulites.

Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is a characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo a glass transition. Examples of amorphous solids include glasses, metallic glasses, and certain types of plastics and polymers.
Hadži-Prodan's Cave
The Hadži-Prodan's Cave (Serbian: Хаџи-Проданова пећина, Hadži-Prodanova pećina) is an archaeological site of the Paleolithic period and a national natural monument, located in the village Raščići around 7 km (4.3 mi) from Ivanjica in western central Serbia. The rather narrow and high entrance with at an altitude of 630 m (2,070 ft) above sea level sits about 40 m (130 ft) above the Rašćanska river valley bed and is oriented towards the south. The 345 m (1,132 ft) long cave was formed during the Late Cretaceous in "thick-bedded to massive" Senonian limestone. Prehistoric pottery shards and Pleistocene faunal fossils had already been collected by Zoran Vučićević from Ivanjica. Animal fossils especially Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) and Iron Age artifact discoveries during an unrelated areal survey were reportedly made at the cave entrance and in the main cavern. The site is named in honor of Hadži-Prodan, a 19th century Serbian revolutionary.

Ivanjica
Ivanjica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ивањица, pronounced [ǐʋaɲitsa]) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of southwestern Serbia. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 27,767 inhabitants. With an area of 1090 km2, it is the eighth largest municipality in Serbia.

Situated in the valley of Moravica river, Ivanjica has a predominantly hilly and mountainous terrain. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges of Golija, Javor, Mučanj, Čemerno and Radočelo. Ivanjica is known for cultural event Nušićijada which is taking place in the town annually.
Plates of Nephi
According to the Book of Mormon, the plates of Nephi, consisting of the large plates of Nephi and the small plates of Nephi, are a portion of the collection of inscribed metal plates which make up the record of the Nephites. This record was later abridged by Mormon and inscribed onto gold plates from which Joseph Smith translated the Book of Mormon after an angel revealed to him the location where the plates were buried on a hill called Cumorah near the town of Palmyra, New York.

Palaeographic study of the plates is not possible; according to Joseph Smith the plates were returned to an angel named Moroni, and are no longer in human possession.

King Benjamin
In the Book of Mormon, King Benjamin, son of the first King Mosiah, is the second Nephite king to rule over Zarahemla. He is considered a king and a prophet and acts as both a spiritual and governmental leader. He is most associated with a speech to the people which begins in the second chapter of the Book of Mosiah and idealizes the life of a yeoman farmer.