hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanol (IUPAC name: pentan-2-ol; also called sec-amyl alcohol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used as a solvent and an intermediate in the manufacturing of other chemicals. 2-Pentanol is a component of many mixtures of amyl alcohols sold industrially. 2-Pentanol is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two stereoisomers designated as (R)-(−)-2-pentanol and (S)-(+)-2-pentanol.

2-Pentanol has been detected in fresh bananas by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, at an abundance of 14.26±2.63 ppm.

Amyl alcohol
Amyl alcohols are alcohols with the formula C5H11OH. Eight are known.  A mixture of amyl alcohols (also called amyl alcohol) can be obtained from fusel alcohol. Amyl alcohol is used as a solvent and in esterification, by which is produced amyl acetate and other products. The name amyl alcohol without further specification applies to the normal (straight-chain) form, 1-pentanol.

Three of these alcohols, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentanol, and 3-methyl-2-butanol (methyl isopropyl carbinol), contain stereocenters, and are therefore chiral and optically active.

The most important amyl alcohol is isoamyl alcohol, the chief one generated by fermentation in the production of alcoholic beverages and a constituent of fusel oil. The other amyl alcohols may be obtained synthetically.
Catalog of articles in probability theory
This page lists articles related to probability theory. In particular, it lists many articles corresponding to specific probability distributions. Such articles are marked here by a code of the form (X:Y), which refers to number of random variables involved and the type of the distribution. For example (2:DC) indicates a distribution with two random variables, discrete or continuous. Other codes are just abbreviations for topics. The list of codes can be found in the table of contents.

Coupling (probability)
In probability theory, coupling is a proof technique that allows one to compare two unrelated random variables (distributions) X and Y by creating a random vector W whose marginal distributions correspond to X and Y respectively. The choice of W is generally not unique, and the whole idea of "coupling" is about making such a choice so that X and Y can be related in a particularly desirable way.
Bolognola
Bolognola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Macerata.

Bolognola borders the following municipalities: Fiastra, Montefortino, Sarnano, Ussita.

Ussita
Ùssita is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Macerata.

The communal seat is in the frazione of Fluminata.
Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.

Ground-effect vehicle
A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that makes use of the ground effect, the aerodynamic interaction between a moving wing and the stationary surface below (land or water). Typically, it glides over a level surface (usually over water). Some models can operate over any flat area such as a lake or flat plains similar to a hovercraft. The term Ground-Effect Vehicle originally referred to any craft utilizing ground effect, including what later became known as hovercraft, in patent descriptions during the 1950s. However, this term came to exclude air-cushion vehicles or hovercraft. GEVs do not include racecars utilizing ground-effect for increasing downforce.
Diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase
Diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.81, DGPP phosphatase, DGPP phosphohydrolase, DPP1, DPPL1, DPPL2, PAP2, pyrophosphate phosphatase) is an enzyme with systematic name 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O  1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate

The phosphatase activity of this enzyme is Mg2+-independent.

Phosphatase
In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate, it is a subcategory of hydrolases. Phosphatase enzymes are essential to many biological functions, because phosphorylation (e.g. by protein kinases) and dephosphorylation (by phosphatases) serve diverse roles in cellular regulation and signaling. Whereas phosphatases remove phosphate groups from molecules, kinases catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to molecules from ATP. Together, kinases and phosphatases direct a form of post-translational modification that is essential to the cell's regulatory network.

Phosphatase enzymes are not to be confused with phosphorylase enzymes, which catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from hydrogen phosphate to an acceptor. Due to their prevalence in cellular regulation, phosphatases are an area of interest for pharmaceutical research.
Missouri–Nebraska football rivalry
The Missouri–Nebraska football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Missouri Tigers and Nebraska Cornhuskers. For over 100 years, the teams met annually as members of the WIUFA, Big Eight, and Big 12. The Missouri–Nebraska Bell (often referred to as the Victory Bell) was presented to the winner from 1927 until NU joined the Big Ten in 2010, ending its series with MU.

Missouri Tigers football
The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football, the Tigers are members in Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Invagination
Invagination is the process of a surface folding in on itself to form a cavity, pouch or tube. In developmental biology, invagination of epithelial sheets occurs in many contexts during embryonic development. Invagination is critical for making the primitive gut during gastrulation in many organisms, forming the neural tube in vertebrates, and in the morphogenesis of countless organs and sensory structures. Models of invagination that have been most thoroughly studied include the ventral furrow in Drosophila melanogaster, neural tube formation, and gastrulation in many marine organisms. The cellular mechanisms of invagination vary from one context to another but at their core they involve changing the mechanics of one side of a sheet of cells such that this pressure induces a bend in the tissue.

The term, originally used in embryology, has been adopted in other disciplines as well.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Jankov–von Neumann uniformization theorem
In descriptive set theory the Jankov–von Neumann uniformization theorem is a result saying that every measurable relation on a pair of standard Borel spaces (with respect to the sigma algebra of analytic sets) admits a measurable section.  It is named after V. A. Jankov and John von Neumann.  While the axiom of choice guarantees that every relation has a section, this is a stronger conclusion in that it asserts that the section is measurable, and thus "definable" in some sense without using the axiom of choice.

Analytic set
In the mathematical field of descriptive set theory,  a subset of a Polish space  is an analytic set if it is a continuous image of a Polish space. These sets were first defined by Luzin (1917) and his student Souslin (1917).
Zeltornis
Zeltornis ("Zelten bird") is an extinct genus of heron. It contains a single species, Zeltornis ginsburgi.

Zeltornis probably resembled the modern night herons, but was much larger, standing 2 m (6 ft 8 in) tall and weighing about 15 kg. Its wingspan is estimated at 2.50 m (8 ft 4 in). It is known from a single right coracoid of which the distal part is missing (MNHN collection, uncatalogued). Nonetheless, the partial bone is distinctive enough to place the species clearly into the heron family. In particular it seems to have been allied most closely to the night herons, although it cannot have been a direct ancestor of extant species because the modern genus Nycticorax did already exist in the Oligocene.

Zeltornis is named after the mountain Zelten in Libya, where it was found.

Night heron
The night herons are medium-sized herons, 58–65 cm, in the genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Gorsachius. The genus name Nycticorax derives from the Greek for "night raven" and refers to the largely nocturnal feeding habits of this group of birds, and the croaking crow-like, almost like a barking sound, call of the best known species, the black-crowned night heron.
Carl Magnus von Hell
Carl Magnus von Hell (8 September 1849 – 11 December 1926) was the German chemist who discovered, together with Jacob Volhard and the Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky, the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation reaction.

Jacob Volhard
Jacob Volhard  (4 June 1834 – 14 January 1910) was the German chemist who discovered, together with his student Hugo Erdmann, the Volhard–Erdmann cyclization reaction. He was also responsible for the improvement of the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation.

From 1852 to 1855 he studied chemistry at the University of Giessen, and afterwards, furthered his education at the University of Heidelberg. For two years he worked as an assistant under Justus von Liebig at the University of Munich, and in 1860/61 studied with August Wilhelm von Hofmann in London. In 1863 he obtained his habilitation at Munich, where he subsequently became an associate professor. In the meantime, he worked in the Institute of Plant Physiology at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1865–76). In 1879 he was named a professor of organic chemistry at the University of Erlangen, then in 1882 relocated to the University of Halle, where he served as a professor up until 1908.
2015 Canberra Tennis International
The 2015 Canberra Tennis International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Canberra, Australia between 1 and 8 November 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Disappearance of Elizabeth Clarke
Elizabeth Clarke is an Irish woman who disappeared from her home in Navan, County Meath in November 2013. Her disappearance was not reported until January 2015. Gardaí suspect she was murdered following a prolonged period of mistreatment.

Navan
Navan (/ˈnævən/ NAV-ən; Irish: An Uaimh [ənˠ ˈuəvʲ], meaning "the Cave") is the county town and largest town of County Meath, Ireland. It is at the confluence of the River Boyne and Blackwater, around 50 km northwest of Dublin. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 33,886, making it the fourteenth largest settlement in all of Ireland. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.
2016 Men's U23 South American Volleyball Championship
The 2016 Men's U23 South American Volleyball Championship was the second edition of the tournament, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV).

Men's U23 South American Volleyball Championship
The Men's U23 South American Volleyball Championship is a sport competition for national volleyball teams with players under 23 years, currently held biannually and organized by the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV), the South American volleyball federation.
Lychrel number
A Lychrel number is a natural number that cannot form a palindrome through the iterative process of repeatedly reversing its digits and adding the resulting numbers. This process is sometimes called the 196-algorithm, after the most famous number associated with the process. In base ten, no Lychrel numbers have been yet proven to exist, but many, including 196, are suspected on heuristic and statistical grounds. The name "Lychrel" was coined by Wade Van Landingham as a rough anagram of "Cheryl", his girlfriend's first name.

Radix
In a positional numeral system, the radix (pl. radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.

In any standard positional numeral system, a number is conventionally written as (x)y with x as the string of digits and y as its base.  For base ten, the subscript is usually assumed and omitted (together with the enclosing parentheses), as it is the most common way to express value. For example, (100)10 is equivalent to  100 (the decimal system is implied in the latter) and represents the number one hundred, while (100)2 (in the binary system with base 2) represents the number four.
Helm (package manager)
Free and open-source software portal

Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes. It uses 'charts' as its package format, which is based on YAML. It provides support for defining templates using the Go template syntax to generate Kubernetes resource manifests dynamically.

Helm was accepted to Cloud Native Computing Foundation on June 1, 2018 at the Incubating maturity level and then moved to the Graduated maturity level on May 1, 2020.

Package format
Package format is a type of archive containing computer programs and additional metadata needed by package managers; an instance of this type of archive is called a package. While the archive file format itself may be unchanged, package formats carry additional metadata, such as a manifest file or certain directory layouts. Packages may contain either source code or executable files.

Packages may be converted from one type to another with software such as Alien.
435th (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery, Royal Artillery
435th (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery was an air defence unit of Britain's Royal Artillery formed during World War II. It was the first 'Mixed' battery in which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit's personnel and was the forerunner of hundreds of later batteries. It defended the United Kingdom against aerial attack until it deployed to Belgium in January 1945 to defend Brussels against V-1 flying bombs.

21st Army Group
The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War. It controlled two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established in London during July 1943, under the command of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), it was assigned to Operation Overlord, the Western Allied invasion of Europe, and was an important Allied force in the European Theatre. At various times during its existence, the 21st Army Group had additional British, Canadian, American, and Polish field armies or corps attached to it. The 21st Army Group operated in Northern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany from June 1944 until August 1945, when it was renamed the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).
Fleet F.C. (Thailand)
Fleet Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลกองเรือรบ), is a Thai football club under the stewardship of Royal Thai Navy based in Sattahip, Chonburi, Thailand. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Eastern region.

Chonburi province
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is a province of Thailand (changwat) located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to the west. Pattaya, a major tourism destination in Thailand, is located in Chonburi, along with Laem Chabang, the country's primary seaport. The population of the province has grown rapidly and now totals 1.7 million residents, although a large portion of the population is floating or unregistered. The registered population as of 31 December 2024 was 1.635 million.
Murder of Frank Morris
Frank Morris (30 October 1914 – 14 December 1964) was an American businessman who died as a result of arson to his shoe shop in Ferriday, Louisiana, a city with a history of racial violence. There have been allegations of witness intimidation, evidence tampering, and involvement by local law enforcement. No charges have been brought despite three FBI investigations.

Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez (/ˈnætʃɪz/ NATCH-iz) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.

Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.
ISO 3166-2:LU
ISO 3166-2:LU is the entry for Luxembourg in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Luxembourg, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 12 cantons.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is LU, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Luxembourg. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Hannes Androsch
Johannes "Hannes" Androsch (German: [ˈhanəs ˈandʁoʃ]; 18 April 1938 – 11 December 2024) was an Austrian businessman, consultant and Social Democrat politician. He served as an Austrian Finance Minister from 1970 to 1981, and as Vice Chancellor from 1976 to 1981. As a banker, from 1981 to 1988 he was the general director of the Creditanstalt-Bankverein (Austria’s leading bank at that time), and subsequently an advisor to the World Bank. From 1989 onward he built an industrial investment group, Androsch International Consulting (AIC), which is a major factor in Austria's internationally active corporate landscape. In addition, Androsch's foundation is an important sponsor of research and development activities in Austria, where he was regularly consulted on matters of political, economic and financial importance.

University of Leoben
The Technical University of Leoben is a public university in Leoben, Styria, Austria.
It was established on 4 November 1840 as the Steiermärkisch-Ständische Montanlehranstalt in Vordernberg,
Styria, Austria's mining region. In 1849, Peter Tunner relocated the university to nearby Leoben. That year the university had a mere 48 students enrolled.

The Technical University of Leoben is a member of TU Austria, an association of three Austrian universities of technology and offers education and conducts research in the fields of mining, metallurgy and materials science.
Alexander Kunitsyn
Alexander Petrovich Kunitsyn (Russian: Александр Петрович Куницын; November 16 [27], 1783, Koi, Tver Province – July 1 [13], 1840, St. Petersburg) was a Russian lawyer, professor, Active State Councillor. He was a favourite teacher of the Russian poet and playwright, Alexander Pushkin.

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Dido, Queen of Carthage (play)
Dido, Queen of Carthage (full title: The Tragedie of Dido Queene of Carthage) is a short play written by the English playwright Christopher Marlowe, with possible contributions by Thomas Nashe. It was probably written between 1587 and 1593, and was first published in 1594. The story focuses on the classical figure of Dido, the Queen of Carthage. It tells an intense dramatic tale of Dido and her fanatical love for Aeneas (induced by Cupid), Aeneas' betrayal of her and her eventual suicide on his departure for Italy. The playwrights relied on Books 1, 2, and 4 of Virgil's Aeneid as primary source.

Venus (mythology)
Venus (/ˈviːnəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈwɛnʊs]) is a Roman goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.

The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality. As such, she is usually depicted nude.
Ronald Eric Bishop
Ronald Eric Bishop CBE FRAeS (27 February 1903 – 11 June 1989), commonly referred to as R. E. Bishop, was a British engineer who was the chief designer of the de Havilland Mosquito, one of the most famous aircraft of the Second World War. He also designed the de Havilland Comet jetliner of 1949.

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.