hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Election law
Election law is a branch of public law that relates to the democratic processes, election of representatives and office holders, and referendums, through the regulation of the electoral system, voting rights, ballot access, election management bodies, election campaign, the division of the territory into electoral zones, the procedures for the registration of voters and candidacies, its financing and propaganda, voting, counting of votes, scrutiny, electoral disputes, electoral observation and all contentious matters derived from them. It is a discipline falling at the juncture of constitutional law and political science, and involves "the politics of law and the law of politics".

Sangguniang Bayan
The Sangguniang Bayan (lit. 'municipal council') is the local legislative branch of the municipal governments in the Philippines. It is responsible for passing ordinances and resolutions for the administration of a municipality. Its powers are defined by the Local Government Code, passed by Congress in 1991.

The Sangguniang Bayan is a form of the mayor–council government, via the "strong mayor" variant.
Climax community
In scientific ecology, climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession  in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state. This equilibrium was thought to occur because the climax community is composed of species best adapted to average conditions in that area.  The term is sometimes also applied in soil development. Nevertheless, it has been found that a "steady state" is more apparent than real, particularly across long timescales.

The idea of a single climax, which is defined in relation to regional climate, originated with Frederic Clements in the early 1900s. The first analysis of succession as leading to something like a climax was written by Henry Cowles in 1899, but it was Clements who used the term "climax" to describe the idealized endpoint of succession.

Henry Chandler Cowles
Henry Chandler Cowles (February 27, 1869 – September 12, 1939) was an American botanist and ecological pioneer. A professor at the University of Chicago, he studied ecological succession in the Indiana Dunes of Northwest Indiana.  This led to efforts to preserve the Indiana Dunes.  One of Cowles' students, O. D. Frank continued his research.
Aegiale (wife of Diomedes)
Aegiale or Aegialeia  or Aegialia (Ancient Greek: Αἰγιάλη or Αἰγιάλεια) was, in Greek mythology, a daughter of Adrastus and Amphithea, or of Aegialeus the son of Adrastus, whence she bears the surname of Adrastine. One account refers to her as Euryaleia.

Aegialeus (king of Argos)
Aegialeus (Ancient Greek: Αἰγιαλεύς derived from αἰγιαλός aigialos "beach, sea-shore") also Aegealeus, Aigialeus, Egialeus, was the elder son of Adrastus, a king of Argos, and either Amphithea or Demonassa.
Azerbaijani art
Azerbaijani art (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan təsviri sənəti) is the art created by Azerbaijanis. They have created rich and distinctive art, a major part of which is applied art items. This form of art, rooted in antiquity, is represented by a wide range of handicrafts, such as chasing (metalworking), jewelry-making, engraving, carving wood, stone, and bone, carpet-making, lacing, pattern weaving and printing, and knitting and embroidery. Each of these decorative arts is evidence of the culture and the abilities of the Azerbaijan nation and is very popular there. Many interesting facts pertaining to the development of arts and crafts in Azerbaijan were reported by merchants, travelers, and diplomats who visited these places at different times.

Culture of Iran
The culture of Iran (Persian: فرهنگ ایران) or culture of Persia is one of the oldest and among the most influential in the world. Iran (Persia) is widely regarded as one of the cradles of civilization. Because of its dominant geopolitical position in the world, it has heavily influenced peoples and cultures situated in Southern and Eastern Europe to the west; Central Asia to the north; and South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia to the east. Iranian history has significantly influenced the world through art, architecture, poetry, science and technology, medicine, philosophy, and engineering.

An "eclectic cultural elasticity" has been said to be one of the key defining characteristics of the Iranian identity and a clue to its historical longevity.
Peter Bridgeman
Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Orlando Ronald Bridgeman, TD, DL (9 May 1933 – 25 July 2013) was a British military officer.

The son of Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Bridgeman and Joan Constable-Maxwell, and grandson of the 4th Earl of Bradford, he was educated at Ampleforth College, Yorkshire.

Bridgeman served in the Scots Guards and the 7th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, reaching the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He was decorated with the Territorial Decoration in 1968. In 1975, he became High Sheriff of Northumberland, and in 1983 Deputy Lieutenant of Northumberland. He was also a knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

On 4 May 1967, Bridgeman married Sarah Jane Davina Corbett, daughter of Patrick Geoffrey Corbett. They had three children, one son and two daughters.

High Sheriff of Northumberland
This is a list of the high sheriffs of the English county of Northumberland.
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. The High Sheriff changes every March.
Frank Bernasko
Frank George Bernasko (7 December 1930 – 3 June 2010) was a Ghanaian soldier, lawyer, and politician. He served as the Commissioner of Agriculture among others in the National Redemption Council (NRC) military government of General I.K. Acheampong. He was also the founder and leader of the erstwhile Action Congress Party and contested the presidential election in 1979.

Central Region (Ghana)
The Central Region is one of the sixteen administrative regions of Ghana. Ashanti and Eastern regions border it to the north, Western region to the west, Greater Accra region to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The Central Region is renowned for its many elite high schools and an economy based on an abundance of industrial minerals and tourism. The Central region has tourist attractions including castles, forts and beaches along the region's coastline.
Curium(III) hydroxide
Curium hydroxide Cm(OH)3 is a radioactive compound first discovered in measurable quantities in 1947. It is composed of a single curium atom and three hydroxy groups. It was the first curium compound ever isolated.

Curium hydroxide is an anhydrous colorless or light-yellow amorphous gelatinous solid that is insoluble in water.

Due to self-irradiation, the crystal structure of 244Cm(OH)3 decomposes within one day (244Cm has a half-life of 18.11 years); for 241Am(OH)3 the same process takes 4 to 6 months (241Am has a half-life of 432.2 years).

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine
The Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine is a large mine in the west of Poland near Polkowice and Sieroszowice, Polkowice County, 350 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Polkowice-Sieroszowice represents one of the largest copper and silver reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 387 million tonnes of ore grading 2.65% copper and 54 g/tonnes silver. In 2018, the mine produced over 196,000 tonnes of copper and over 428 tonnes of silver.

Polkowice County
Polkowice County (Polish: powiat polkowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 779.9 square kilometres (301.1 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the town of Polkowice, and it also contains the towns of Chocianów and Przemków.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 62,948, out of which the population of Polkowice is 22,480, that of Chocianów is 7,892, that of Przemków is 6,107, and the rural population is 26,469.
Dracula (color scheme)
Dracula is a color scheme for a large collection of desktop apps and websites, with a focus on code editors and terminal emulators. It was created in 2013 by Zeno Rocha. The scheme is available in dark mode and light mode (only with Dracula PRO). Packages that implement the color scheme have been published for many major applications, such as Visual Studio Code (2.9M installs), Sublime Text (160K installs), Atom (250K installs), JetBrains IDEs (820K installs), and 218 other applications.

Dark mode
A dark mode, dark theme, night mode, or light-on-dark color scheme is a color scheme that uses light-colored text, icons, and graphical user interface elements on a dark background. It is often discussed in terms of computer user interface design and web design. Many modern websites and operating systems offer the user an optional light-on-dark display mode.

Some users find dark mode displays more visually appealing, and claim that it can reduce eye strain. Displaying white at full brightness uses roughly six times as much power as pure black on a 2016 Google Pixel, which has an OLED display. However, conventional LED displays may not benefit from reduced power consumption; but if a LED display has the partial dimming features, it still benefits from reduced power consumption. Most modern operating systems support an optional light-on-dark color scheme.
Freeby
Freeby is a village and civil parish in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) east of Melton Mowbray. As well as the village of Freeby the civil parish includes the villages of Brentingby, Saxby, Stapleford and Wyfordby. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 244.

Isaac Watts lived in the village and preached at the Congregational chapel.

Melton Mowbray
Melton Mowbray (/ˈmɛltən ˈmoʊbri/) is a market town in the Melton district in Leicestershire, England, 19 miles (31 km) north-east of Leicester and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Nottingham. It lies on the River Eye, known below Melton as the Wreake. The town had a population of 27,670 in 2019. The town is sometimes promoted as Britain's "Rural Capital of Food"; it is the home of the Melton Mowbray pork pie and is the location of one of six licensed makers of Stilton cheese.
Genroku culture
Genroku culture (Japanese: 元禄文化, Hepburn: Genroku bunka) is the term used to describe the culture of the early Edo period (1603–1867), in particular the Genroku era of 1688–1704. Genroku culture is known as a period of luxurious display when the arts were increasingly patronized by a growing and powerful merchant class.  The Genroku period is associated with two pleasure zones: the brothel district and the theaters. These two areas were often located near each other on the margins of respectable society. These constituted the ukiyo ("floating world") celebrated in woodblock prints of prostitutes, actors, and pornography.

Onnagata
Onnagata (女形/女方, lit. 'female role'), also oyama (女形), are male actors who play female roles in kabuki theatre. It originated in 1629 after women were banned from performing in kabuki performances. There are many specific techniques that actors must learn to master the role of onnagata.
Norman Herzberg
Norman Herzberg (March 24, 1916 – February 4, 2007) was an American bassoonist and professor of bassoon at the University of Southern California. Considered to be one of the most important bassoonists of his generation, Herzberg is well known for popularizing the bassoon reed style of his teacher, Vincent Pezzi. In modern day, Herzberg's adaptations in bassoon reed making are some of the most prevalent across the United States. Herzberg was the principal bassoonist of the St. Louis Symphony, a founding member of the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, and a major studio freelancer, namely for Warner Brothers Studios. He was an inaugural faculty member at the Aspen Music Festival and School, and the Music Academy of the West, where he taught for 20 seasons.

Toronto Symphony Orchestra
The Toronto Symphony Orchestra (TSO) is a Canadian orchestra based in Toronto, Ontario. Founded in 1906, the TSO gave regular concerts at Massey Hall until 1982, and since then has performed at Roy Thomson Hall. The TSO also manages the Toronto Symphony Youth Orchestra (TSYO). Peter Oundjian was the music director from 2004 to 2018. Sir Andrew Davis, conductor laureate of the TSO, was the orchestra's interim artistic director from 2018 to 2020. Gustavo Gimeno has been the music director of the TSO since the 2020–2021 season.
Dante (footballer)
Dante Bonfim Costa Santos (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈdɐ̃tʃi bõˈfĩ ˈkɔstɐ ˈsɐ̃tus]; born 18 October 1983), also known as Dante Bonfim or simply Dante, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for and captains Ligue 1 club Nice. Primarily a centre-back, he has previously also been used as a defensive midfielder or left-back.

After emerging at Juventude, Dante went on to play for Lille, Charleroi and Standard Liège, winning the Belgian Pro League with the latter. In January 2009, he was signed by Borussia Mönchengladbach, spending two-and-a-half seasons before making a €4.7 million move to Bayern Munich, where he won nine domestic and international honours.

Dante made his international debut for Brazil in 2013, winning that year's Confederations Cup and representing the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

2013 FIFA Club World Cup
The 2013 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons) was the 10th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised international club football tournament between the winners of the six continental confederations as well as the host nation's league champions. It was hosted by Morocco, and played from 11 to 21 December 2013.

Defending champions Corinthians did not qualify as they were eliminated in the round of 16 of the 2013 Copa Libertadores. The eventual winners of that competition, Atlético Mineiro, were beaten in the semi-finals of the Club World Cup by Moroccan side Raja Casablanca, whose appearance in the final made them the first club to appear in all four rounds of the competition, having entered in the play-off for the quarter-finals; however, they were unable to make history by winning the title, as European champions Bayern Munich won the final 2–0 for their first Club World Cup title.
February 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 19 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 21

All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 5 (March 4 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 20th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 7.

February 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 6 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – February 8

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 20 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 7th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 25.
Buda heresy
The Buda heresy (Hungarian: budai eretnekség) was a Waldensian heretical movement from 1304 to 1307 in Buda, the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day a borough of Budapest). In a political context, the heresy was a tiny segment of a wider conflict during the era of Interregnum following the death of King Andrew III of Hungary, when various claimants fought for the Hungarian throne.

Chronicon Pictum
The Chronicon Pictum or Illuminated Chronicle (Hungarian: Képes Krónika, Slovak: Obrázková kronika, German: Ungarische Bilderchronik, also referred to as the Illustrated Chronicle, Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon Hungarie Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the 14th century. It represents the artistic style of the royal court of King Louis I of Hungary. The codex is a unique source of art, medieval and cultural history.

The chronicle's full name is: Chronicon Pictum – Marci de Kalt Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Illustrated Chronicle – Mark of Kalt's Chronicle About the Deeds of the Hungarians).
Bernstorff Glacier
Bernstorff Glacier (Danish: Bernstorff Gletscher, also referred to as A.P. Bernstorf Gletscher), is a glacier in the King Frederick VI Coast, Sermersooq, southeastern Greenland.

Like the fjord, this glacier was named after Danish statesman Andreas Peter Bernstorff.

Sermersooq
Sermersooq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [sɜm.mɜs.sɔːq̚]) is a municipality in Greenland, formed on 1 January 2009 from five previous, smaller municipalities, and is the largest municipality in the world by area. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, and it is the most populous municipality in the country, with 24,229 inhabitants as of January 2025.
OMA SUD Redbird
The OMA SUD Redbird is an Italian two-seat, composite light-sport aircraft (LSA) from composite maker OMA Sud. Introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2012, the aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Mapping cone (topology)
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the mapping cone is a construction in topology analogous to a quotient space and denoted . Alternatively, it is also called the homotopy cofiber and also notated . Its dual, a fibration, is called the mapping fiber. The mapping cone can be understood to be a mapping cylinder  with the initial end of the cylinder collapsed to a point. Mapping cones are frequently applied in the homotopy theory of pointed spaces.

Fibration
The notion of a fibration generalizes the notion of a fiber bundle and plays an important role in algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics.

Fibrations are used, for example, in Postnikov systems or obstruction theory.

In this article, all mappings are continuous mappings between topological spaces.
2024 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2024 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS), was the 31st Summer Grand Prix season for men and the 13th for women as the most important series of ski jumping competitions in the summer and autumn of 2024.

The season started on 13 August in Courchevel, France and concluded on 6 October in Klingenthal, Germany.

Vladimir Zografski from Bulgaria (men's) and Nika Vodan from Slovenia (women's) were the reigning champions from the previous season.

Paweł Wąsek from Poland (men's) and Lara Malsiner from Italy (women's) won the Grand Prix overall trophy for the first time in their careers.

FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix is a summer circuit yearly arranged by International Ski Federation. This competition for men was first arranged in 1994 and for the first time for women in 2012. The competition is held on ski jumps with artificial surfaces. There are about 10 competitions per season, held in the months between July and October. Regular venues for the competition are Courchevel, Hakuba, Einsiedeln, Wisła, Hinterzarten and Klingenthal. First official mixed team event with four jumpers (two men and two women) was organized in 2012. The most successful participants are Adam Małysz and Thomas Morgenstern, each having won the Grand Prix three times.

A similar level of competition held in winter is the World Cup; the lower circuits include the Continental Cup, the FIS Cup, the FIS Race and the Alpen Cup.
Arica Mountains
The Arica Mountains are a small mountain range in northern Riverside County, California. The range lies along the south edge of Rice Valley 6.2 miles (10.0 km) southwest of the old Rice townsite on California State Route 62. They lie 6 miles (9.7 km) north of the Little Maria Mountains and 9 miles (14 km) southwest of the Turtle Mountains. The Granite Mountains lie about 8 miles to the west. They are in the Colorado Desert, in the Lower Colorado River Valley region. They are north the Palen Mountains and Big Maria Mountains; and northwest of Blythe, California.

Blythe, California
Blythe (/blaɪθ/) is a city in eastern Riverside County, California, United States. It is in the Palo Verde Valley of the Lower Colorado River Valley region, an agricultural area and part of the Colorado Desert along the Colorado River, approximately 224 miles (360 km) east of Los Angeles and 150 miles (240 km) west of Phoenix. Blythe was named after Thomas Henry Blythe, a San Francisco financier, who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the region in 1877. The city was incorporated on July 21, 1916. The population was 18,317 at the 2020 census.
Zuba, Nigeria
Zuba is a community in Gwagwalada Local Government Area of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. It is located in the border of Abuja central city and shares the same boundary Madalla with Niger State. Other than being the gateway to Abuja, Zuba is also on a primary highway that connects to Kaduna-Kano as well Kogi State, to major cities of the south.

Language

Koro is the native language of Zuba people. However, being a commercial and transit area, it records a large number of other tribes like Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Igala, Ebira, Nupe etc.

Gwagwalada
8°56′21″N 7°04′33″E﻿ / ﻿8.939167°N 7.075833°E﻿ / 8.939167; 7.075833
Gwagwalada is a local government area in the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria. Gwagwalada serves as the traditional headquarters of the Bassa people in FCT - Abuja, with the Agụma of Gwagwalada, HRH Alhaji Muhammadu Magaji as the Chairman, Traditional Council of Chiefs, Gwagwalada Area Council.

Gwagwalada has an area of 1,043 km2 and a population of 157,770 at the 2006 census.  It is projected to have a 6.26% growth between 2020 and 2025, the largest increase on the African continent.
DeLana Harvick
DeLana Lynn Harvick (née Linville; born July 7, 1973) is an American former co-owner and manager of Kevin Harvick Incorporated, a racing team in NASCAR's Nationwide and Camping World Truck Series. It was announced in September 2011 KHI was being sold to Richard Childress, owner of Richard Childress Racing. She is married to NASCAR Cup Series driver Kevin Harvick.

Richard Childress
Richard Reed Childress (born September 21, 1945) is an American former race car driver in  NASCAR. Childress is the owner of Richard Childress Racing (RCR). In 2004, he opened a vineyard in the Yadkin Valley AVA near Lexington. Childress sat on the board of directors at the National Rifle Association of America until 2019. Childress has been a co-owner of the Professional Bull Riders' Carolina Cowboys team since 2022.