hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic frequency hopping
One of the key challenges of the cognitive radio based wireless networks, such as IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRAN), is to address two apparently conflicting requirements: assuring Quality of Services (QoS) satisfaction for services provided by the cognitive radio networks, while providing reliable spectrum sensing for guaranteeing licensed user protection. To perform reliable sensing, in the basic operation mode on a single frequency band (the so-called "listenbefore-talk" mode) one has to allocate Quiet Times, in which no data transmission is permitted. Such periodic interruption of data transmission could impair the QoS of cognitive radio systems.

This issue is addressed by an alternative operation mode proposed in IEEE 802.22 called Dynamic Frequency Hopping (DFH) where data transmission of the WRAN systems are performed in parallel with spectrum sensing without any interruption.

Wireless network
A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking allows homes, telecommunications networks, and business installations to avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Admin telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.

Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial microwave networks.
Chronologic Simulation
Chronologic Simulation was a company based in Los Altos, California, United States which provided Verilog HDL simulation products. Chronologic Simulation's main product was the Verilog Compiled Simulator (VCS) HDL simulator. In 1994 Chronologic was sold to Viewlogic Systems and in 1997 Viewlogic was acquired by Synopsys, Inc.

Verilog
Verilog, standardized as IEEE 1364, is a hardware description language (HDL) used to model electronic systems. It is most commonly used in the design and verification of digital circuits, with the highest level of abstraction being at the register-transfer level. It is also used in the verification of analog circuits and mixed-signal circuits, as well as in the design of genetic circuits.

In 2009, the Verilog standard (IEEE 1364-2005) was merged into the SystemVerilog standard, creating IEEE Standard 1800-2009. Since then, Verilog has been officially part of the SystemVerilog language. The current version is IEEE standard 1800-2023.
Norm Gallagher
Norman Leslie Gallagher (20 September 1931 – 26 August 1999) was a controversial Australian trade unionist, and Maoist who led the militant Builders Labourers Federation as federal Secretary and as Victorian State Secretary.

Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)
The Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist) (CPA (ML)) is an Australian communist and Marxist–Leninist–Maoist party founded in 1964. The party's origins derived from a split within the Communist Party of Australia (CPA), stemming from the Sino-Soviet split. The party describes its ideology as being influenced by the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong and Ted Hill.

The party adheres to what it calls the "iceberg principle": "A few members are seen and open about their membership to allow the organisation to be accessible to the working class, while the membership of the majority remains largely unknown, revealed appropriately as their workplace, community and personal circumstances demand."
Pegida
Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the West (German: Patriotische Europäer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes), abbreviated Pegida (German: [peˈɡiːda]; stylised in its logo as PEGIDA), is a German, anti-Islam, far-right extremist political movement.  Pegida believes that Germany is being increasingly Islamicised.

Pegida wants to curb immigration into Germany and it accuses the authorities of failure to enforce related laws. Starting in October 2014 in Dresden with hundreds of participants, the peaks in 2015 and 2016 attracted over 20,000 supporters, often accompanied by counter-demonstrations. In 2015, Lutz Bachmann, the founder of Pegida, resigned from the movement after a doctored photograph appeared where he appeared to be posing as Adolf Hitler and making racist statements on Facebook. He was later reinstated.

Though nationalism is a central feature, Pegida offshoots have formed in various countries. It is a grassroots part of the counter-jihad movement.

Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtsaɪt], lit. 'The Time') is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles.
Bag-of-words model
The bag-of-words (BoW) model is a model of text which uses  an unordered collection (a "bag") of words. It is used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR). It disregards word order (and thus most of syntax or grammar) but captures multiplicity.

The bag-of-words model is commonly used in methods of document classification where, for example, the (frequency of) occurrence of each word is used as a feature for training a classifier. It has also been used for computer vision.

An early reference to "bag of words" in a linguistic context can be found in Zellig Harris's 1954 article on Distributional Structure.

Feature (machine learning)
In machine learning and pattern recognition, a feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic of a data set. Choosing informative, discriminating, and independent features is crucial to producing effective algorithms for pattern recognition, classification, and regression tasks. Features are usually numeric, but other types such as strings and graphs are used in syntactic pattern recognition, after some pre-processing step such as one-hot encoding. The concept of "features" is related to that of explanatory variables used in statistical techniques such as linear regression.
Assateague people
The Assateague (meaning: "swifly moving water") were an Algonquian people speaking the Nanticoke language who historically lived on the Atlantic coast side of the Delmarva Peninsula (known during the colonial period as the Eastern Shores of Maryland and Virginia, and the Lower Counties of Pennsylvania).

While there are living people who may have distant heritage from this tribe, including some citizens of the Six Nations of the Grand River, the tribe itself no longer exists as a culturally intact tribal community.

Algonquian peoples
The Algonquians are one of the most populous and widespread North American Indigenous American groups, consisting of the peoples who speak Algonquian languages. They historically were prominent along the Atlantic Coast and in the interior regions along St. Lawrence River and around the Great Lakes.

Before contact with Europeans, most Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, with many of them supplementing their diet by cultivating corn, beans and squash (the "Three Sisters"). The Ojibwe cultivated wild rice.
Jacob Burns Law Library
The Jacob Burns Law Library is the library of the George Washington University Law School. The library was completed in September 1967. The library was named with a gift from Jacob Burns, who earned his law degree in 1924.

The library is a part of the George Washington University Law School Complex, and adjoins Stockton Hall to the north. According to the school's website, the library contains over 700,000 volumes.

Stockton Hall
Stockton Hall is a building on the campus of George Washington University in Washington, D.C.  It was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1987 and on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
Tooley Creek
Tooley Creek is a small watercourse that drains into Lake Ontario near Darlington, Ontario.  It drains 1,050 hectares (4.1 sq mi).

Groundwater discharge from the bluffs left from glacial Lake Iroquois feed the headwaters of Tooley Creek.

Its watershed is bordered by the watersheds of three other watercourses, Darlington Creek, Farewell Creek and Robinson Creek.

Farewell Creek
Farewell Creek is a watercourse in Durham County, that empties into Lake Ontario, at Oshawa, Ontario.  It drains a watershed of 10,726 hectares (41.41 sq mi).

To the west and east it borders Oshawa Creek, and Bowmanville Creek, which have their headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine.
Benchball
Benchball is a team sport played with the primary objective of scoring by passing the ball to a teammate standing on a bench. It is played informally in schools and semi-competitively in universities in the United Kingdom. The game lacks an agreed standard, and as such many varieties of the game are played but invariably include two teams playing on a court with benches placed at opposite ends where scoring involves passing a ball to a teammate on a bench.

Benchball, as a competitive activity, is a relatively recent development within United Kingdom universities. It is commonly used by physical education teachers as a method of introducing concepts of ball handling and spatial awareness. It has also been utilised in schools by PE teachers as a substitute activity during wet weather.

Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby league, rugby union, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.
Chlorococcales
Chlorococcales is a formerly recognized order of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae. As of February 2022, the type family Chlorococcaceae was placed in the order Chlamydomonadales.

Conventionally, many groups of coccoid green algae were lumped in the order Chlorococcales sensu lato by Komárek & Fott (1983), based on Pascher's (1918) idea of establishing orders according to life forms. However, coccoid green algae are currently placed in several orders of Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae (e.g., Chlorocystis) and Prasinophyceae within the division Chlorophyta, or in the division Charophyta (e.g., Chlorokybales, Desmidiales).

Scenedesmaceae
Scenedesmaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.  Scenedesmus algae are commonly found in freshwater plankton. The former family Coelastraceae is considered a synonym of Scenedesmaceae.

The family has existed since at least the Cretaceous period, as evidenced by amber deposits from France containing the genus Enallax.
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) in the 20th century
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) represents formal changes and reforms regarding women's rights. That includes actual law reforms as well as other formal changes, such as reforms through new interpretations of laws by precedents. The right to vote is exempted from the timeline: for that right, see Timeline of women's suffrage. The timeline also excludes ideological changes and events within feminism and antifeminism: for that, see Timeline of feminism.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Ruling clique
A ruling clique is a clique of people who jointly rule an oligarchic form of government.

Ruling cliques which secure positions of power or leadership tend to form organized groups. Members of the clique may shape a balance of power between them, but some of them may seek greater influence over the others. Ruling cliques in general tend to create autocratic political systems.

Oligarchy
Oligarchy (from Ancient Greek  ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from  ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and  ἄρχω (árkhō) 'to rule, command') is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Leaders of such regimes are often referred to as oligarchs, and generally are characterized by having titles of nobility or high amounts of wealth.
Paragon Cafe, Katoomba
The Paragon Cafe is a heritage-listed restaurant located at 65 Katoomba Street, Katoomba, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed in successive stages by Harry & Ernest Sidgreaves shopfitters, architects  Harry Lindsay Blackwood and George Newton Kenworthy, with decoration by Otto Steen, and built from 1909 to 1940. It is also known as Paragon Restaurant or simply The Paragon. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 5 March 2015.

Australian non-residential architectural styles
Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than residence and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.

Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.

The classifications set out below are derived from a leading Australian text.
USS Bang
USS Bang (SS-385) was a United States Navy Balao-class submarine, named after the bang, a dark blue or black fish of the Atlantic herring family found in the coastal waters of the United States north of North Carolina.

Naval Submarine Base New London
Naval Submarine Base New London is the primary United States Navy East Coast submarine base, also known as the "Home of the Submarine Force." It is located in Groton, Connecticut, directly across the Thames River from its namesake city of New London.
North Cobb Christian School
North Cobb Christian School is an independent, college preparatory Christian school located in Kennesaw, Georgia, United States. It enrolls children from K3 through 12th grade. The school offers a variety of honors and AP classes; clubs; and middle school, junior varsity, and varsity sports. In addition to academic requirements mandated by the school board, a minimum of 28 hours of community service is required to graduate.

Kennesaw, Georgia
Kennesaw is a suburban city northwest of Atlanta in Cobb County, Georgia, United States, located within the greater Atlanta metropolitan area. Known from its original settlement in the 1830s until 1887 as Big Shanty, it became Kennesaw under an 1887 charter. According to the 2020 census, Kennesaw had a population of 33,036, a 10.9% increase in population over the preceding decade. Kennesaw has an important place in railroad history. During the Civil War, Kennesaw was the staging ground for the Great Locomotive Chase on April 12, 1862. Kennesaw is home to Kennesaw State University, an R2 research institution and the third-largest public university in the state of Georgia.
Antidote (Swedish House Mafia song)
"Antidote" is a song by Swedish house music supergroup Swedish House Mafia in collaboration with Australian electronic music duo Knife Party. It was released on 16 December 2011 in the United States as the second single from the Swedish House Mafia compilation album, Until Now. The remix EP was released on 15 January 2012 for the UK digital download in the iTunes Store. "Antidote" was written by Swedish House Mafia members Axwell, Steve Angello and Sebastian Ingrosso, Knife Party members Rob Swire and Gareth McGrillen, along with Klas Åhlund and Adam Baptiste.  The song contains uncredited vocals.

Knife Party
Knife Party are an Australian electronic music duo consisting of Rob Swire and Gareth McGrillen, two members of the drum and bass band Pendulum.

The duo has worked with artists such as Swedish House Mafia, Steve Aoki, MistaJam, Foreign Beggars, I See MONSTAS, Tom Staar, Pegboard Nerds and Tom Morello.

Knife Party peaked at 23rd on DJMag's 2013 Top 100 DJs rankings.
2019 FBD Insurance League
The 2019 FBD Insurance League (sometimes referred to as the Connacht SFL) was an inter-county Gaelic football competition in the province of Connacht. All five Connacht county teams participated, but there are no college or university teams.

After the 2018 tournament featured a busy schedule with several postponements due to bad weather, the 2019 tournament was a straight knockout with teams playing just one or two games (as opposed to 4 games in the previous year).

The competition featured an historic penalty shootout in which Mayo defeated Leitrim by 4-1 to advance to the semi-final after the teams could not be separated following seventy minutes of play.

2018 FBD Insurance League
The 2018 FBD Insurance League was an inter-county and Gaelic football competition in the province of Connacht. All five Connacht county teams participated. No third-level college teams competed.

Galway and Roscommon were scheduled to play their fifth round tie on 21 January 2018. After the fourth round games, both Galway and Roscommon had qualified for the final meaning that the result of their fifth round tie was irrelevant. Both teams requested that the either the match be cancelled or played as the final. The Connacht Council initially insisted that both the fifth round tie and the final be played in order to "respect the integrity of the Connacht FBD Football League". However, the game was cancelled on 21 January due to poor weather and the Connacht Council eventually agreed not to play the "dead rubber."

Roscommon were the winners.
Ectoparasitic infestation
An ectoparasitic infestation is a parasitic disease caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host.

Examples:

Scabies

Crab louse (pubic lice)

Pediculosis (head lice)

Gamasoidosis (avian mites)

Lernaeocera branchialis (cod worm)

Crab louse
The crab louse or pubic louse (Pthirus pubis) is an insect that is an obligate ectoparasite of humans, feeding exclusively on blood. The crab louse usually is found in the person's pubic hair. Although the louse cannot jump, it can also live in other areas of the body that are covered with coarse hair, such as the perianal area, the general body hair, and the eyelashes (in children).

Humans are the only known hosts of the crab louse, although a closely related species, Pthirus gorillae, infects gorillas. The human parasite is thought to have diverged from Pthirus gorillae approximately 3.3 million years ago. It is more distantly related to the genus Pediculus, which contains the human head and body lice and lice that affect chimpanzees and bonobos.
Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment
The Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment is a specialized ground combat branch within the Sri Lanka Air Force, responsible for capturing and defending airfields and associated installations. Its members are the SLAF Regiment Officers and the airmen of operations ground specialization. The SLAF Regiment is fully capable of protecting all its air bases, installations by itself using infantry and light armored units as well as launch air assaults with Airborne Infantry elements (paratroopers). Ground-based air defence of vital military and civil installations around the country is carried out by the SLAF Regiment along with combat search and rescue missions (CSAR). The corps itself is simply known as the 'regiment'.

9K38 Igla
The 9K38 Igla (Russian: Игла́, "needle", NATO reporting name SA-18 Grouse) is a Soviet/Russian man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. A simplified, earlier version is known as the 9K310 Igla-1 (NATO: SA-16 Gimlet), and the latest variant is the 9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch).

The Igla-1 entered service in 1981, the Igla in 1983, and the Igla-S in 2004. The Igla has been supplemented by the 9K333 Verba since 2014.
Yery with breve
Yery with breve or Short Yery(Ы̆ ы̆; italics: Ы̆ ы̆) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

Yery with breve was used in the Mari language and the Mordvin language Moksha. In Mari, it was introduced in either 1889 or 1893 and was replaced by Ӹ ӹ (Yery with diaeresis) in 1929. In Moksha, it, alongside ye with breve and o with breve, was used to represent the mid central vowel or schwa from 1924 until 1926.

Yery with diaeresis
Yery with diaeresis (Ӹ ӹ; italics: Ӹ ӹ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Yery (Ы ы Ы ы). In Unicode, this letter is known as "Yeru with Diaeresis".

Yery with diaeresis is used in the alphabet of the Hill Mari language, where it represents a fronted mid central vowel /ə̟/, which is the front counterpart of the mid central vowel /ə/ (represented by ы).  It also appears in the Northwestern Mari language.
Turnmills
The Turnmills building was a warehouse originally on the corner of Turnmill Street and Clerkenwell Road in the London Borough of Islington. It became a bar in the 1980s, then a nightclub. The club closed in 2008 and the building was later demolished, replaced with an office building.

Clerkenwell Road
Clerkenwell Road is a street in London.

It runs west–east from Gray's Inn Road in the west, to Goswell Road in the east. Its continuation at either end is Theobald's Road and Old Street respectively.

Clerkenwell Road and Theobalds Road were constructed by the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1874–78 as the central portion of an intended cross-capital arterial road, linking the West End and East End.

The road is served by London Bus routes 55, 243 and night route N55.

The Columbia Graphophone Company established its headquarters and studios in Victorian warehouses at 102-108 Clerkenwell Road shortly before the First World War, and the buildings were a key location in the development of the British recording industry until the 1930s.
Pastrami on rye
Pastrami on rye is a sandwich comprising sliced pastrami on rye bread, often served with mustard and Kosher dill pickles. It was popularized in the Jewish delicatessens of New York City and has been described as New York's "signature sandwich". It was created in 1888 by the Lithuanian immigrant Sussman Volk, who served it at his deli on Delancey Street in Manhattan.

Montreal-style smoked meat
Montreal-style smoked meat, Montreal smoked meat, or (mainly in Quebec) simply smoked meat (French: viande fumée, lit. 'smoked meat', or sometimes bœuf mariné, 'marinated beef') is a type of kosher-style delicatessen meat product made by salting and curing beef brisket with spices. The brisket is allowed to absorb the flavours over a week. It is then hot smoked to cook through, and finally is steamed to completion. This is a variation on corned beef and is similar to pastrami.