hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Literary modernism
Modernist literature originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is characterised by a self-conscious separation from traditional ways of writing in both poetry and prose fiction writing. Modernism experimented with literary form and expression, as exemplified by Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new". This literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of the time. The immense human costs of the First World War saw the prevailing assumptions about society reassessed, and much modernist writing engages with the technological advances and societal changes of modernity moving into the 20th century. In Modernist Literature, Mary Ann Gillies notes that these literary themes share the "centrality of a conscious break with the past", one that "emerges as a complex response across continents and disciplines to a changing world".

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art and Science
The Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art and Science was a Smithsonian Institution Affiliate and American Alliance of Museums accredited museum located in downtown Fresno, California, in the San Joaquin Valley.  The Museum was established in 1984 and was one of the largest museums between San Francisco and Los Angeles. "The Met" was housed in the historic 1922 Fresno Bee Building.

In August 2005, the museum began an extensive interior renovation; the first of its kind since the Museum's opening. The museum reopened on November 13, 2008, and closed on January 5, 2010, after defaulting on its renovation loans.

Smithsonian Affiliations
Smithsonian Affiliations is a division of the Smithsonian Institution that establishes long-term partnerships with non-Smithsonian museums and educational and cultural organizations in order to share collections, exhibitions and educational strategies and conduct joint research. Partner organizations are known as "Smithsonian Affiliates".
Until... (Sting song)
"Until..." is a waltz/ballad song written and performed by Sting, from the 2001 Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning film Kate & Leopold. The song won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award in the same category. It has been covered in various genres.

Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song
The Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song is a Golden Globe Award that was awarded for the first time in 1962 and has been awarded annually from 1965 to 2023 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. The award is presented to the songwriters of a song written specifically for a motion picture. The performers of the song are not credited, unless they also have a writing or co-writing credit.
Airey Neave
Lieutenant Colonel Airey Middleton Sheffield Neave, DSO, OBE, MC, TD (/ˈɛəri ˈniːv/) (23 January 1916 – 30 March 1979) was a British soldier, lawyer and Member of Parliament (MP) from 1953 until his assassination in 1979.

During the Second World War, Neave was the first British prisoner-of-war to succeed in escaping from Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle. On his return to England he worked with MI9 (Room 900) assisting escape and evasion lines in occupied Europe to help downed airmen evade German capture and return to Britain.  The escape lines helped about 7,000 British and American airmen and soldiers escape occupied Europe. After the war he served with the International Military Tribunal at the Nuremberg trials. He later became Conservative MP for Abingdon.

Neave was assassinated in a car bomb attack at the House of Commons; the Irish National Liberation Army claimed responsibility.

Irish Republican Socialist Party
The Irish Republican Socialist Party or IRSP (Irish: Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisialach na hÉireann) is a small communist and Irish republican party in Ireland. It is associated with the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) paramilitary group. The party's youth wing is the Republican Socialist Youth Movement (RSYM). It was founded by former members of 'Official' Sinn Féin in 1974 during the Troubles. Initially it described itself as a socialist Irish republican party, but in 1984 it adopted Marxism–Leninism. The party opposes the Good Friday Agreement and the European Union. It has no elected representatives.
D. Todd Christofferson
David Todd Christofferson (born January 24, 1945) is an American religious leader and former lawyer who serves as second counselor in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from 2008 to 2025. He has been a church general authority since 1993. Christofferson is currently the sixth most senior apostle in the church.

Christofferson grew up in Utah and New Jersey, and after high school served an LDS Church mission in Argentina. He then studied English literature at Brigham Young University (BYU) before attending law school at Duke University. After graduating from law school in 1972, Christofferson was a law clerk to Judge John Sirica of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia while Sirica presided over much of the legal proceedings stemming from the Watergate scandal. Christofferson then entered private practice and eventually became an in-house corporate lawyer.

Common consent
Common consent is a democratic principle established by Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, who taught in 1830 that "all things must be done in order, and by common consent in the church, by the prayer of faith."
Hørring cabinet
The Hørring cabinet was formed on 7 August 1897 and consisted entirely of members of the party Højre. It was created following Tage Reedtz-Thott's resignation as Council President, when Hugo Egmont Hørring of the conservative party Højre became the leader of the new Danish cabinet, replacing the cabinet of Reedtz-Thott.

The cabinet was replaced by the Sehested cabinet on 27 April 1900.

Højre
Højre (Danish: [ˈhʌjʁɐ], Right) was the name of two Danish political parties of Conservative persuasion.

The first Højre party existed from 1848 to 1866.

The second Højre party, centred on Prime Minister J.B.S. Estrup, was founded in 1881. The party was succeeded by the Conservative People's Party, founded in 1916.
2013 Great West Conference baseball tournament
The 2013 Great West Conference baseball tournament was held from May 21 through 25.  All eight of the league's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at new Jersey Institute of Technology's Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium in Newark, New Jersey.  As the Great West is a new conference, the league does not have an automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  Third seeded Houston Baptist won their first championship, ending Utah Valley's run of three consecutive titles dating to the event's inception.

Great West Conference baseball tournament
The Great West Conference baseball tournament, sometimes referred to simply as the Great West tournament, was the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Great West Conference.  The eight members of the league played in the double-elimination tournament, which in its final season (2013) was played at Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium in Newark, New Jersey. Because of the league's provisional status in Division I, the winner of the tournament did not receive an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.
The British Empire: A survey
The British Empire: A survey is a series of twelve books, each self-contained, published for educational purposes during the British Empire Exhibition in Wembley Park, London, by Collins in 1924, following the request of the Exhibition's management towards the Imperial Studies Committee of the Royal Colonial Institute to create this work.

The series' General Editor was Hugh Gunn and the Advisory Committee members were Sir Charles P. Lucas, KCB, KCMG (Chairman); The Rt Hon Lord Morris, KCMG, LL.D.; Sir Harry Wilson, KCMG, KBE; Arthur Percival Newton, M.A., D.Litt., B.Sc., F.S.A.; and the late Sir George R. Parkin, KCMG, LL.D.

William Collins, Sons
William Collins, Sons & Co., often referred to as Collins, was a Scottish printing and publishing company founded by a Presbyterian schoolmaster, William Collins, in Glasgow in 1819, in partnership with Charles Chalmers, the younger brother of Thomas Chalmers, the minister of Tron Church in Glasgow.

Collins merged with Harper & Row in 1990, forming a new publisher named HarperCollins.
Akritai
The akritai (Greek: ἀκρίται, sg. akrites, ἀκρίτης) is a term used in the Byzantine Empire in the 9th–11th centuries to denote the frontier soldiers guarding the Empire's eastern border, facing the Muslim states of the Middle East. Their exploits, embellished, inspired the Byzantine "national epic" of Digenes Akritas and the cycle of the Acritic songs.

Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.
Bing's recognition theorem
In topology, a branch of mathematics, Bing's recognition theorem, named for R. H. Bing, asserts that a necessary and sufficient condition for a 3-manifold M to be homeomorphic to the 3-sphere is that every Jordan curve in M be contained within a topological ball. It is a weak version of the Poincaré conjecture.

3-sphere
In mathematics, a hypersphere or 3-sphere is a 4-dimensional analogue of a sphere, and is the 3-dimensional n-sphere. In 4-dimensional Euclidean space, it is the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point. The interior of a 3-sphere is a 4-ball.

It is called a 3-sphere because topologically, the surface itself is 3-dimensional, even though it is curved into the 4th dimension. For example, when traveling on a 3-sphere, you can go north and south, east and west, or along a 3rd set of cardinal directions. This means that a 3-sphere is an example of a 3-manifold.
X Window System selection
Selections, cut buffers, and drag-and-drop are the mechanisms used in the X Window System to allow a user to transfer data from one window to another. Selections and cut buffer are typically used when a user selects text or some other data in a window and pastes in another one. Drag-and-drop is used when a user selects something in a window, then clicks on the selection and drags it into another window.

Since the two windows may be handled by two different applications, these mechanisms require two different clients connected with the same X server to exchange data. The X Window System core protocol includes some requests and events that are specific to selection exchange, but the transfer is mainly done using event sending and window properties, which are not specific to selection transfer.

Different types of data can be transferred: it is usually text, but can also be an image, a number, a list of objects, etc. In the following, only the case of text is considered.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Baldwin Park (Baldwin Harbor, New York)
Baldwin Park (also known as Baldwin Harbor Town Park) is a park in Baldwin Harbor, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is located within and operated by the Town of Hempstead.

Hempstead, New York
The Town of Hempstead is the most populous town in the state of New York. It is the largest of the three towns within Nassau County (alongside North Hempstead and Oyster Bay), located on Long Island, east of Queens. The population was 793,409 at the time of the 2020 census.

It occupies the southwestern part of the county, near the western end of Long Island. A total of 22 incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town.

Hofstra University's campus is located in Hempstead.
El Palmar CF
El Palmar Club de Fútbol-Estrella Grana is a Spanish football team based in El Palmar, in the Region of Murcia. Founded in 2006 it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 13, holding home games at Polideportivo El Palmar.

On 30 June 2017, the club reached an agreement with CF Lorca Deportiva to become its reserve team, terminating the vinculation at the end of the season.

CF Lorca Deportiva
Club de Fútbol Lorca Deportiva is a Spanish football club based in Lorca, in the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia. Founded in 2012, the club play in Segunda Federación – Group 4. Lorca holds it home games at Estadio Francisco Artés Carrasco, which has an 8,064-seat capacity.. The roots of the club can be traced back to the Sociedad Lorca Football Club, founded in 1901 by Newcastle-born Manuel José (Manni) Pelegrín Dunn, whose father was originally from Lorca.
Sundays River
The  !Khukaǁgamma or Sundays River (Afrikaans: Sondagsrivier) is a river in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is said to be the fastest flowing river in the country. The Inqua Khoi people, who historically were the wealthiest group in Southern Africa, originally named this river !Khukaǁgamma, 'the waters with the spirit of abundance' because the river's banks are always green and grassy despite the arid terrain that it runs through.

Presently this river is part of the Fish to Tsitsikamma Water Management Area.

Great Fish River
The Great Fish River (called great to distinguish it from the Namibian Fish River) (Afrikaans: Groot-Visrivier) is a river running 644 kilometres (400 mi) through the South African province of the Eastern Cape. The coastal area between Port Elizabeth and the Fish River mouth is known as the Sunshine Coast. The Great Fish River was originally named Rio do Infante, after João Infante, the captain of one of the caravels of Bartolomeu Dias. Infante visited the river in the late 1480s.

The name Great Fish is a misnomer, since it is a translation of the Dutch Groot Visch Rivier, which was the name of a tributary in the vicinity of Cradock, which at its confluence with the Little Fish (Klein Visch Rivier) forms what is properly called the (Eastern Cape) Fish River.
Gmina Iłowo-Osada
Gmina Iłowo-Osada is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Iłowo-Osada, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Działdowo and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 103.8 square kilometres (40.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,167 (7,359 in 2011).

Działdowo
Działdowo (pronounced [d͡ʑau̯ˈdɔvɔ]; German: Soldau, Prussian: Saldawa) is a town in northern Poland with 20,935 inhabitants as of December 2021, the capital of Działdowo County. As part of Masuria, it is situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Founded in the Middle Ages and granted town rights in 1344, the town features heritage sites in various styles, including Gothic, Baroque, Gothic Revival and Baroque Revival, a preserved medieval urban layout with a market square and a medieval castle. It is particularly known as the location of the Soldau concentration camp during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The town is a major railroad junction connecting the capital city of Warsaw with Gdańsk and Olsztyn to the north.
Berlin–Palermo railway axis
The Berlin–Palermo railway axis (German: Eisenbahnachse Berlin–Palermo, Italian: Asse ferroviario Berlino-Palermo) is project No. 1 of the Trans-European high-speed rail network (TEN-R), which involves the creation of a 2,200-kilometre-long (1,400 mi) high-speed rail line between Berlin and Palermo. It is designated as one of the main transport links connecting Central and Southern Europe, tracking through Germany, Austria and Italy.

Kufstein railway station
Kufstein railway station serves the city of Kufstein, in the Kufstein district of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol.  Opened in 1876, it is an Austrian-German border station, close to the border between Tyrol and Bavaria.

The station forms part of the Lower Inn Valley railway, and is also a terminus of the Rosenheim–Kufstein railway.  It is owned and operated by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).
Gooramadda
Gooramadda is a locality in north-east Victoria, Australia. It is on the Murray River, in the Shire of Indigo local government area, 308 kilometres (191 mi) north-east of the state capital, Melbourne.

Gooramadda played Australian Rules Football in the Chiltern & District Football Association in 1920 and 1921.

At the 2016 census, Gooramadda had a population of 58.

Shire of Indigo
The Shire of Indigo, a local government area (LGA) in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, lies in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and in August 2021 had a population of 17,368. It includes the larger towns of Beechworth, Chiltern, Rutherglen, Wahgunyah and Yackandandah, the smaller towns of Barnawartha and Tangambalanga, and surrounding rural areas.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Indigo Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Beechworth, it also has service centres located in Chiltern, Rutherglen and Yackandandah. The Shire is named after the Indigo Valley and Indigo Creek, geographical features that meander through the LGA and into the Murray River.

In 2008, the Bankwest Quality of Life Index rated Indigo fifteenth of 590 Australian local government areas.
Liben, East Borana, Oromia
Liben is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the East Borana Zone, Liben is bordered on the west by Goro Dola, on the south by Gumi Eldalo, on the north by the Ganale Dorya River which separates it from Meda Welabu, and on the east by the Somali Region. Liben woreda surrounds the town of Negele Borana, which was separated from Liben.

Meda Welabu
Meda Welabu is a woreda, or district, in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Bale Zone, Meda Welabu is bordered on the south by the Ganale Dorya River which separates it from the Guji Zone, on the northwest by West Arsi Zone, on the north by Dello Menna and Harena Buluk, and on the east by the Kersa Dula district of the Somali Region. The administrative center of the woreda is Bidire; other towns in Meda Welabu include Oborso.
Eduardo C. Corral
Eduardo C. Corral is an American poet and Associate Professor of English at Washington University in St. Louis. His first collection, Slow Lightning, published by Yale University Press, was the winner of the 2011 Yale Younger Series Poets award, making him the first Latino recipient of this prize. His 2020 work, Guillotine, was awarded the 2021 Lambda Literary Award for gay poetry and was longlisted for the 2020 National Book Award for Poetry.

CantoMundo
CantoMundo is an American literary organization founded in 2009 to support Latino poets and poetry. It hosts an annual poetry workshop dedicated to the creation, documentation, and critical analysis of Latinx poetry.
Joseph A. Farinholt
Joseph Alfred Farinholt (July 17, 1922 – June 11, 2002) is thought to be the only enlisted man in the history of the U.S. military to receive four awards of the Silver Star, the United States third highest decoration for valor in combat.

Good Conduct Medal (United States)
The Good Conduct Medal is one of the oldest military awards of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Navy's variant of the Good Conduct Medal was established in 1869, the Marine Corps version in 1896, the Coast Guard version in 1923, the Army version in 1941, the Air Force version in 1963, and the Space Force version in 2023. the Air Force Good Conduct Medal was temporarily discontinued from February 2006 to February 2009, followed by its subsequent reinstatement.
Thanthai Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
Thanthai Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a proposed protected area located along the area straddling both the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the Erode District of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The sanctuary was notified by Government of Tamil Nadu in March 2023 and will become the 18th wildlife sanctuary in the state. Covering an area of 801.15 km2 (309.33 mi2), the sanctuary spans parts of Gobichettipalayam and Anthiyur taluks in  Western Tamil Nadu.

The proposed sanctuary serves as a critical ecological corridor, linking the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve with Cauvery South Wildlife Sanctuary, thereby facilitating the safe movement of wildlife such as elephants and tigers. Additionally, the sanctuary connects to the Kollegal forests in the neighboring state of Karnataka and forms a key junction where the Eastern and Western Ghats merge, enhancing regional biodiversity and ecological integrity.

Gobichettipalayam taluk
Gobichettipalayam taluk is a taluk of Erode district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Gobichettipalayam. Recently, this taluk together with Sathyamangalam Taluk was reorganised to form Nambiyur Taluk.
2008 UCI Women's Road World Cup
The 2008 UCI Women's Road World Cup was the 11th edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. The calendar was similar to the 2007 UCI Women's Road World Cup with the addition of the Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio and a team time trial event in conjunction with the Open de Suède Vårgårda.

2007 UCI Women's Road World Cup
The 2007 UCI Women's Road World Cup was the tenth edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. Eight of the twelve races from the 2006 World Cup were retained and one new race was added to give a total of nine races. The races that were left off the calendar were the New Zealand World Cup, GP Castilla y Leon, L'Heure D'Or Féminine and the Lowland International Rotterdam Tour. The Dutch race the Ronde van Drenthe was the sole addition.