hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transferable utility
Transferable utility is a concept in cooperative game theory and in economics. Utility is transferable if one player can losslessly transfer part of its utility to another player. Such transfers are possible if the players have a common currency that is valued equally by all. Note that being able to transfer cash payoffs does not imply that utility is transferable: wealthy and poor players may derive a different utility from the same amount of money.

Transferable utility is assumed in many cooperative games, where the payoffs are not given for individual players, but only for coalitions. In this case the assumption implies that irrespective of the division of the coalitional payoff, members of the coalition enjoy the same total utility.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Northway Shopping Center
Northway Shopping Center (known as Northway Mall until 2012) is a big box retail center in Colonie, New York along Central Avenue (NY Route 5). From 1970 to 1999, it was an enclosed shopping mall with several out buildings. It is located across Central Avenue from Colonie Center, an enclosed shopping mall.

Colonie, New York
Colonie /ˌkɒləˈniː/ is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. It is the most-populous suburb of Albany, and is the third-largest town in area in Albany County, occupying approximately 11% of the county. Several hamlets exist within the town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 85,590.

The name is derived from the Dutch Colonye or "Colonie",  derived from the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. All the land outside the Village of Beverwyck (now Albany) was referred to as the "Colonie". The town of Colonie is north of Albany and is at the northern border of the county.  Within the town of Colonie are two villages, one also known as Colonie and the other known as Menands.
Yozgat Province
Yozgat Province (Turkish: Yozgat ili) is a province in central Turkey. Its area is 13,690 km2, and its population is 418,442 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Çorum to the northwest, Kırıkkale to the west, Kırşehir to the southwest, Nevşehir to the south, Kayseri to the southeast, Sivas to the east, Tokat to the northeast, and Amasya to the north. The provincial capital is Yozgat.

Kırıkkale Province
Kırıkkale Province (Turkish: Kırıkkale ili) is a province of Turkey. It is located on the crossroads of major highways east of Ankara leading east to the Black Sea region. Its area is 4,791 km2, and its population is 277,046 (2022). With its rapid population growth it has become an industrial center. The province was established in 1989 from part of Ankara Province. The provincial capital is Kırıkkale.

Kırıkkale is a rapidly growing town in central Turkey, on the Ankara-Kayseri railway near the Kızılırmak River. Formerly a village, it owes its rapid rise in population mainly to the establishment of steel mills in the 1950s. These works, among the largest in the country, specialize in high-quality alloy steel and machinery. In the 1960s chemical plants were added.
Pentwater Lake
Pentwater Lake is a water body adjacent to the village of Pentwater, Michigan. Its primary inlet is the Pentwater River; its outlet is a man-made channel flowing into Lake Michigan.

Pentwater Lake has a surface area of 431 acres (174 ha), a maximum depth of 50 feet (15 m), and an average depth of 27 feet (8.2 m). The lake contains 11,590 acre-feet (14,300,000 m3), a volume of water that would cover 18 square miles (47 km2) to a depth of 1 foot (0.30 m). Its shoreline is 6.2 miles (10.0 km) long.

Pentwater River
The Pentwater River is a 10.8-mile-long (17.4 km) river in Oceana County, Michigan, in the United States. It rises east of Hart at the inflow of the South Branch Pentwater River and flows northwest to Lake Michigan at the village of Pentwater.
Inokuchi Station (Ishikawa)
Inokuchi Station (井口駅, Inokuchi-eki) is a railway station on the Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line in the city of Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Hokuriku Railroad (Hokutetsu).

Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line
The Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line (北陸鉄道石川線, Hokuriku Tetsudō Ishikawa-sen) is a railway line owned and operated by Hokuriku Railroad in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The line extends 13.8 km from the city of Kanazawa to Hakusan with a total of 16 stations.
Romeo Lemboumba
Romeo Braexir Lemboumba (19 May 1980) is a boxer who represented Gabon at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He did this, in part, by defeating Olympic bronze medalist Bruno Julie at the 2012 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament.

Lemboumba was defeated in the first round by Dominican William Encarnación in the Men's bantamweight event at the 2012 Olympics.

Bruno Julie
Louis Richard Bruno Julie (born July 11, 1978), known as Bruno Julie, is a Mauritian bantamweight boxer who won a number of medals in international tournaments and competed in the 2008 Olympics where he won the first-ever Olympic medal for the island nation of Mauritius.
Belakovskiite
Belakovskiite is a very rare uranium mineral with the formula Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3. It is interesting in being a natural uranyl salt with hydrosulfate anion, a feature shared with meisserite. Other chemically related minerals include fermiite, oppenheimerite, natrozippeite and plášilite. Most of these uranyl sulfate minerals was originally found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, US. The mineral is named after Russian mineralogist Dmitry Ilych Belakovskiy.

Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion (SO2−4) within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

Sulfate minerals include:

Anhydrous sulfates
Barite BaSO4
Celestite SrSO4
Anglesite PbSO4
Anhydrite CaSO4
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl

Hydroxide and hydrous sulfates
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O
Kieserite MgSO4·H2O
Starkeyite MgSO4·4H2O
Hexahydrite MgSO4·6H2O
Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
Meridianiite MgSO4·11H2O
Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O
Antlerite Cu3SO4(OH)4
Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6
Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O
National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)
The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) was the previous name of an intelligence agency of the South African government. Currently it is known as the Domestic Branch of the State Security Agency. It is responsible for domestic and counter-intelligence within the Republic of South Africa. The branch is run by a Director, who reports to the Director-General of the State Security Agency. The Director is also a member of the National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee (NICOC).

Inspector-General of Intelligence (South Africa)
Inspector-General of Intelligence (IGI) monitors and reviews the operations of the intelligence services of South Africa which include the State Security Agency, Defence Intelligence Division of the South African National Defence Force and  Crime Intelligence Division of the South African Police Service. Its second function is to investigate complaints from the South African public as to possible abuses of the constitution and intelligence laws by the intelligence services.
Josiane Nunes
Josiane Nunes (born December 23, 1993) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who competes in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA fighter since 2013, she has competed in the Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions.

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
Trypanosoma simiae
Trypansoma simiae is a protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Trypansoma and the family Trypansomatidae. It is usually found in domesticated animals; i.e pigs, and frequently found in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also sometimes found in camels and rhinos. It was once described as "the lightning destroyer of the domestic pig" as it caused a swift death in them after infection.This parasite is transmitted through the ingestion of flies. Trypansoma encompasses various different species including T. simaie. It is of particular interest as it is zoonotic and has a high impact on livestock and different farm animals.

Trypanosomatida
Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid unicellular organisms distinguished by having only a single flagellum. The name is derived from the Greek trypano (borer) and soma (body) because of the corkscrew-like motion of some trypanosomatid species. All members are exclusively parasitic, found primarily in insects. A few genera have life-cycles involving a secondary host, which may be a vertebrate, invertebrate or plant. These include several species that cause major diseases in humans. Some trypanosomatida are intracellular parasites, with the important exception of Trypanosoma brucei.
Megitsune
"Megitsune" (メギツネ; "Vixen") is the second major label single by the Japanese kawaii metal band Babymetal. It was released in Japan on June 19, 2013 as the fifth single from the album Babymetal. It is also the first single released independently from the idol group Sakura Gakuin.

Suzuka Nakamoto
Suzuka Nakamoto (Japanese: 中元 すず香, Hepburn: Nakamoto Suzuka; pronunciationⓘ; born December 20, 1997), better known by her stage name Su-metal, is a Japanese singer. She is best known as a member of the kawaii metal band Babymetal and was formerly a member of the idol groups Karen Girl's and Sakura Gakuin. She is represented by the talent agency Amuse Inc.
Bluefors
Bluefors is a Helsinki-based company specializing in cryogenic products used in several high-tech industries. Cryogenic solutions are integral to advancements in quantum computing and scientific research. The company offers cryogenic systems, including dilution refrigerators and cryocoolers, which are essential for applications requiring ultra-low temperatures. Cryocoolers are for instance a requirement for today’s superconducting qubits to function.

In response to increasing global demand, the company has expanded its operations. Notable acquisitions include Cryomech in the USA and Rockgate in Japan. Bluefors also have a laboratory in Delft, the Netherlands.

As of 2024, Bluefors reported annual revenue exceeding €200 million and employed over 600 staff worldwide.

Dilution refrigerator
A 3He/4He dilution refrigerator, or simply dilution refrigerator, is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures as low as 2 mK, with no moving parts in the low-temperature region. The cooling power is provided by the heat of mixing of the helium-3 and helium-4 isotopes.

The dilution refrigerator was first proposed by Heinz London in the early 1950s, and was experimentally realized in 1964 in the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium at Leiden University.
2025 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)
The 2025 State of the Nation Address was the fourth State of the Nation Address (SONA) delivered by President Bongbong Marcos on July 28, 2025, at the Batasang Pambansa Complex.

Marcos' statements on the issue of substandard flood control projects has since been credited with foregrounding the infrastructure corruption scandal that arose in later weeks.

State of the Nation Address (Philippines)
The State of the Nation Address (SONA [ˈsɔna]; Filipino: Talumpati sa Kalagayan ng Bansa) is an annual address by the president of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines. Mandated by the 1987 Constitution, the speech is delivered on the fourth Monday of July at the Plenary Session Hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Batasan Hills, Quezon City.

The SONA, which is often broadcast on live television, serves as a means to inform the nation about its present economic, political, and social condition. It is also a vehicle for the president to summarize the accomplishments and plans of their program of government both for a particular year and until the end of their term of office.
Syrtis Major Planum
Syrtis Major Planum (formerly Syrtis Major Planitia) is a massive shield volcano in the eastern hemisphere of Mars. A "dark spot" (an albedo feature), Syrtis Major Planum is located in the boundary between the northern lowlands and southern highlands of Mars just west of the impact basin Isidis in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. It was formerly believed to be a plain, and was therefore described as a planitia. Later data from the Mars Global Surveyor revealed that it is actually a broad topographic rise. The dark color of Syrtis Major Planum comes from the basaltic volcanic rock of the region and the relative lack of dust.

The selected landing site for the Mars 2020 mission that includes the rover Perseverance and the helicopter drone Ingenuity was Jezero crater, at 18°51′18″N 77°31′08″E﻿ / ﻿18.855°N 77.519°E﻿ / 18.855; 77.519 within the region. The northeastern region of Syrtis Major Planum was also considered a potential landing site.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Sarah Abrevaya Stein
Sarah Abrevaya Stein is an American professor, scholar, and public speaker. A historian of modern Jewish culture, she is the author or editor of ten books. Stein is Distinguished Professor of History and holder of the Viterbi Family Endowed Chair in Mediterranean Jewish Studies at UCLA.

Her books have been lauded for innovative research and artistic craft.The New York Times contributor Matti Friedman wrote that "Stein, a UCLA historian, has ferocious research talents....and a writing voice that is admirably light and human."

Jewish Book Council
The Jewish Book Council (Hebrew: המועצה למען הספר היהודי באמריקה‎), founded in 1943, is an American organization encouraging and contributing to Jewish literature. The goal of the council, as stated on its website, is "to promote the reading, writing and publishing of quality English language books of Jewish content in North America". The council sponsors the National Jewish Book Awards, the JBC Network, JBC Book Clubs, the Visiting Scribe series, and Jewish Book Month. It previously sponsored the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature. It publishes an annual literary journal called Paper Brigade.
15810 Arawn
15810 Arawn (provisional designation 1994 JR1) is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) from the inner regions of the Kuiper belt, approximately 133 kilometres (83 mi) in diameter. It belongs to the plutinos, the most populous class of resonant TNOs. It was named after Arawn, the ruler of the Otherworld in Welsh mythology, and was discovered on 12 May 1994, by astronomers Michael Irwin and Anna Żytkow with the 2.5-metre Isaac Newton Telescope at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the Canary Islands, Spain.

Arawn is unusual in that it has been observed at a much closer distance than most Kuiper belt objects, by the New Horizons spacecraft, which imaged it from a distance of 111 million km (69 million mi; 0.74 AU) in April 2016; this and its other observations have allowed its rotation period to be determined.

Anna N. Żytkow
Anna Nikola Żytkow (Polish pronunciation: [ˈanna ˈʐɨtkɔf]; born 21 February 1947) is a Polish astrophysicist working at the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Cambridge. Żytkow and Kip Thorne proposed a model for what is called the Thorne–Żytkow object, which is a star within another star. Żytkow in 2014 was part of the team led by Emily M. Levesque which discovered the first candidate for such an object.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Buffalo National River
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Buffalo National River.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Buffalo National River, Arkansas, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map.

There are eight properties and districts listed on the National Register in the park.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Buffalo National River
The Buffalo National River, in Northern Arkansas, was the first National River to be designated in the United States. The Buffalo River is 153 miles (246 km) long. The lower 135 miles (217 km) flow within the boundaries of an area managed by the National Park Service, where the stream is designated the Buffalo National River. The river flows through Newton, Searcy, Marion, and Baxter Counties, from west to east. The river originates in the highest part of the Boston Mountains of the Ozarks, flows out onto the Springfield Plateau near the historic community of Erbie, and finally crosses a portion of the Salem Plateau just before joining the White River. The Park is home to the state's only elk herd. The upper section of the river in the Ozark National Forest is managed by the U.S. Forest Service and is designated as a National Scenic River and a National Wild River.
Tram route 5 (Antwerp)
Tram route 5 is a tram route in Antwerp running from Linkeroever to Wijnegem that is operated by the Flemish transport company De Lijn. The modern route was put into service on March 4, 2006, initially connecting Linkeroever with Deurne. The tram route uses the Antwerp pre-metro between the stations Van Eeden  and Schijnpoort. On April 14, it was extended from the Wim Saerensplein in Deurne to the Wijnegem Fortveld terminus.

It is the second Antwerp tram route to use the number 5. The route's number is written in white on a dark red background. On the 1st of November 2017 this line was busier than usual.

Linkeroever
Linkeroever  (Literal translation: Left bank) is an area in the city of Antwerp, on the left bank of the Scheldt river. Historically it was a neighbourhood which belonged to Zwijndrecht, but on 19 March 1923, it was attached to Antwerp. Linkeroever has a population of 16,545 (2021). Before receiving its current name the area was known as "Borger Weert Polder".
1969 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1969 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette placed sixth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and finished last in the Middle Three Conference.

In their third year under head coach Harry Gamble, the Leopards compiled a 4–6 record. Robert Zimmers and Gary Kolarik were the team captains.

In conference play, Lafayette's 1–3 record against MAC University Division opponents was the third-worst in the eight-team circuit, half a game behind Temple (1–2–1). Lafayette lost to both of its Middle Three rivals, Rutgers and conference champion Lehigh.

Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.

1969 Temple Owls football team
The 1969 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC) during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. In its tenth and final season under head coach George Makris, the team compiled a 4–5–1 record (1–2–1 against MAC opponents). The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.

Makris resigned at the end of the 1969 season. He compiled a 45–44–4 record in 10 years as Temple's head football coach.
Montréal–Jeanne-Mance
Montréal–Jeanne-Mance (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʁeal ʒan mɑ̃s]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1939 election from parts of Maisonneuve, Montréal-Dorion and Montréal-Mercier electoral districts.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Jeanne-Mance.

Montréal-Mercier
Montréal-Mercier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʁeal mɛʁsje]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1923 election from part of Montréal-Dorion and Montréal-Laurier electoral districts.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Mercier.
Perevoloka
Perevoloka (Ukrainian: Переволо́ка) — village (selo) in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, of western Ukraine. It belongs to Buchach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The word literally means "portage place".

The population of the village is about 2 368 people and local government is administered by Perevolotska village council.

Buchach urban hromada
Buchach urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Бучацька територіальна громада, romanized: Buchatska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Buchach. Its population is 37,323 (2022 estimate)
Stigmatopora nigra
Stigmatopora nigra, also known as the wide-bodied pipefish, is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae. This species can be found in the shallow waters, bays, and estuaries of southern Australia from Shark Bay to Brisbane, Tasmania, and New Zealand. They often inhabit seagrass or algae beds in addition to bare sand. Their diet consists of small crustaceans such as copepods and amphipods. Adult brooding males have been measured at 6.5-7 centimeters. Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity. in which the males brood up to 25 eggs in a pouch below the tail before giving live birth. Stigmatopora nigra can live to 150 days old and are able to reproduce throughout the year.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.