hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minister of State for Science, Innovation, Research and Nuclear
The minister of state for science, innovation, research and nuclear (also known as the science minister) is a mid-level position in the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero in the British government. It was created by the Starmer ministry in 2025.

From 2016 to 2023, the minister was based at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
The Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) was a ministerial department of the United Kingdom Government, from July 2016 to February 2023.

The department was formed during a machinery of government change on 14 July 2016, following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister. It was created by a merger between the Department for Business, Innovation, and Skills and the Department of Energy and Climate Change.

On 7 February 2023, under the Rishi Sunak premiership, the department was dissolved. Its functions were split into three new departments: the Department for Business and Trade, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, and the Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology. Grant Shapps, the final secretary of state for the old department, became the first Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero.
Queen Anne's School
Queen Anne's School is a private boarding and day school for girls aged 11 to 18, situated on a 35-acre (14 ha) campus in Caversham. There are around 450 pupils. Nearly half are full, weekly or flexi-boarders. The school awards scholarships in academic subjects, sport, music, art and drama at ages 11 and 13 and at sixth form entry.

Queen Anne's is a member of the Girls' Schools Association and the Boarding Schools' Association. Queen Anne's was chosen as one of Tatler magazine's Top 225 prep and public schools 2010.

Girls' Schools Association
The Girls' Schools Association (GSA) is a membership association for the heads of independent and state girls' schools in the United Kingdom. It is a constituent member of the Independent Schools Council (ISC), and works with the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL).
2020 Guamanian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Guam on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, along with the election for the Guam delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. Before the election, the Democratic Party held ten of the fifteen seats in the Legislature while the Republican Party held five seats. The election resulted in a gain of two seats for the Republican and a loss of two seats for Democrats to retain. Democrats also won the runoff race for Guam's US House Delegate.

Amanda Shelton
Amanda Lee Shelton (born May 5, 1990) is a Guamanian politician. A member of the Democratic Party of Guam, she currently serves as a senator in the Guam Legislature.

Shelton was chosen by her colleagues to serve as Legislative Secretary and Majority Whip and Chairperson of the Committee on Higher Education and the Advancement of Women, Youth, and Senior Citizens.
Freedom and Equality
Freedom and Equality (Polish: Wolność i Równość, WiR), previously called Union of the Left (Polish: Unia Lewicy, UL) is a minor social-democratic political party in Poland founded on 20 March 2005 through the union of several left-wing organisations and parties, including: Worker's Democracy, Young Socialists, Antyklerykalna Partia Postępu RACJA, Centrolewica Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Demokratyczna Partia Lewicy, Nowa Lewica, Polska Partia Pracy, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna.
and Unia Pracy.

The party is supported by the "Democratic Women's Union" (Demokratyczna Unia Kobiet), Polish LGBT rights groups, and several small left-wing organisations.

Young Socialists (Poland)
The Young Socialists (Młodzi Socjaliści) was a Polish left-wing political organization existing between 2005 and 2015. Its goal was to promote socialist values, social equality, economic justice and participatory democracy. The group was a response of the young generation of activists to the lack of representation of the radical left in Polish politics.
Melissa Lucashenko
Melissa Lucashenko is an Indigenous Australian writer of adult literary fiction and literary non-fiction, who has also written novels for teenagers.

In 2013 at the Walkley Awards, she won the "Feature Writing Long (over 4000 words) Award" for her piece Sinking Below Sight: Down and Out in Brisbane and Logan. In 2019, she won the Miles Franklin Award for Too Much Lip.

Victorian Premier's Literary Awards
The Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were created by the Victorian Government with the aim of raising the profile of contemporary creative writing and Australia's publishing industry. As of 2013, it is reportedly Australia's richest literary prize with the top winner receiving A$125,000 and category winners A$25,000 each.

The awards were established in 1985 by John Cain, Premier of Victoria, to mark the centenary of the births of Vance and Nettie Palmer, two of Australia's best-known writers and critics who made significant contributions to Victorian and Australian literary culture.

From 1986 till 1997, the awards were presented as part of the Melbourne Writers Festival. In 1997 their administration was transferred to the State Library of Victoria. By 2004, the total prize money was A$180,000. In 2011, stewardship was taken over by the Wheeler Centre.
Remembrance Day (Hong Kong)
Remembrance Day (Chinese: 和平紀念日; Cantonese Yale: wòh pìhng géi nihm yaht; lit. 'Peace remembering day') is an anniversary in Hong Kong initially celebrating the end of World War I, and was later expanded to commemorate the lives lost in the Battle of Hong Kong and World War II. The anniversary was initially celebrated annually on November 10, and is now celebrated on the second Sunday of November. On Remembrance Day, memorial ceremonies take place at the Cenotaph in Central.

Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began when the governor of Hong Kong, Mark Aitchison Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. His surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the Japanese forces that invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of the Second World War. The length of the period (三年零八個月, lit. 'three years and eight months') later became a metonym of the occupation.
John Hamon
John Hamon (born 1982) is a French street artist known for posting his image on buildings across Paris. Since 2001, he has affixed and projected the image of his identity card photo onto monuments in 33 countries and 77 cities. He describes his motivation as "C'est la promotion qui fait l'artiste ou le degré zéro de l'art" ("It's the promotion that makes the artist or the zero degree of art").

Street artist
A street artist is a person who makes art in public places. Street artists include portrait artists, caricaturists, graffiti artists, muralists and people making crafts. Street artists can also refer to street performers such as musicians, acrobats, jugglers, living statues, and street theatre performers. Street artists can be seen throughout the world.
Ali Damoush
Sheikh Ali Damoush (Arabic: علي دعموش; born 1962) is a Lebanese Shia cleric and current head of Hezbollah's Executive Council. He took over the position after the previous head Hashem Safi al-Din, was assassinated on October 4, 2024. He was in charge of Hezbollah's External Relations Unit before that, and it is possible that he was still fulfilling this role as an additional charge.

Various reports indicate the appointment of Damoush as the new head of Hezbollah's Executive Council, one stating "It was clear, noting that [he] was deputy head of Hezbollah's Executive Council in 1998."

Shia clergy
The Shia clergy are the religious leaders of Shia Islam. Shia Islam places great importance on the guidance of clergy, and each branch of Shi'ism maintains its own clerical structure. The most well-known Shia clergy belongs to the largest branch of Shia Islam, Twelver Shi'ism. As in other branches of Islam, Shia scholars are collectively known as the ulema. Individual clerics are referred to as mullah or ākhūnd, but because those terms have developed "a somewhat pejorative connotation" since at least the 1980s, the term rūḥānī has been "promoted" as an alternative, "especially by the clerical class itself".
118P/Shoemaker–Levy
118P/Shoemaker–Levy (also known as periodic comet Shoemaker–Levy 4) is a comet discovered by astronomers Carolyn and Eugene M. Shoemaker and David Levy.

During the 2010 apparition the comet became as bright as apparent magnitude 11.5.

The comet nucleus is estimated to be 4.8 kilometers in diameter.

On December 3, 2015, comet Shoemaker–Levy 4 passed 0.0442 AU (6,610,000 km; 4,110,000 mi) from asteroid 4 Vesta.

This comet should not be confused with Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (D/1993 F2) which spectacularly crashed into Jupiter in 1994.

Eugene Merle Shoemaker
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy. This comet hit Jupiter in July 1994: the impact was televised around the world. Shoemaker also studied terrestrial craters, such as Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, and along with Edward Chao provided the first conclusive evidence of its origin as an impact crater. He was also the first director of the United States Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program.

He was killed in a car accident while visiting an impact crater site in Australia. After his death, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.
Tara Tatars
Tara Tatars are a sub-group of Siberian Tatars. They are settled in Bolsherechensky, Znamensky, Muromtsevsky and Tarsky districts of Omsk Oblast.

They are divided into two local sub-groups:

Ayaly Tatars

Turalin Tatars.

They speak Tara, a variant of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect of the Siberian Tatar language.

Siberian Tatar language
Siberian Tatar (Себертатарца, Sebertatartsa) is a Turkic language spoken by about 140,000 people in Western Siberia, Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, but also in Sverdlovsk Oblast. According to Marcel Erdal, due to its particular characteristics, Siberian Tatar can be considered as a bridge between Kipchak and Siberian Turkic languages.
William Conklin Cusick
William Conklin Cusick (February 21, 1842 – October 7, 1922) was an American botanist who specialized in the flora of the Pacific Northwest. His botanical knowledge was largely self-taught and he is considered one of the top three self-taught botanists of his era for the Pacific Northwest; the other two being Thomas Jefferson Howell and Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf.

Blue Mountains (Pacific Northwest)
The Blue Mountains are a mountain range in the northwestern United States, located largely in northeastern Oregon and stretching into extreme southeastern Washington. The range has an area of about 15,000 square miles (39,000 km2), stretching east and southeast of Pendleton, Oregon, to the Snake River along the Oregon–Idaho border.

The Blue Mountains cover ten counties across two states; they are Union, Umatilla, Grant, Baker, Wallowa and Harney counties in Oregon, and Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin counties in Washington.  The Blue Mountains were named after the color of the mountains when seen from a distance and the blue hue imparted by the smoke of forest and range fires set by Indigenous people  as management tools in the fall.

The Blue Mountains are unique as the home of the world's largest living organism, a subterranean colonial mycelial mat of the fungus Armillaria ostoyae.
Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR
The Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR (Государственная премия РСФСР имени М.И. Глинки) was a prize awarded to musicians of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1965–1991.

To be distinguished from the Glinka Award (of 500 rubles) won in 1900 by Scriabin (for his First Symphony), in 1904 by Rachmaninov, and three times by Reinhold Glière.

Both the prize and the award are named in honour of Russian composer Mikhail Glinka.

Mikhail Glinka
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаил Иванович Глинка, romanized: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈɡlʲinkə] ⓘ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 – 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. His compositions were an important influence on other Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who produced a distinctive Russian style of music.
2010 AFC Cup
The 2010 AFC Cup was the seventh edition of the AFC Cup, a competition among clubs from member nations of the Asian Football Confederation.

With the Asian Football Confederation currently reviewing the format of the AFC Champions League between 2009 and 2010 season, significant changes were made in the way the competition is run, the teams that will qualify for the AFC Cup is also expected to be from different countries compared to the previous editions.

2009 AFC Cup
The 2009 AFC Cup was the sixth season of the AFC Cup, a competition among clubs from member nations of the Asian Football Confederation.

With the Asian Football Confederation reviewed the format of the AFC Champions League and made significant changes to way the competition is run, the teams that qualified for the AFC Cup is also from different countries compared to the previous editions.
History of unmanned combat aerial vehicles
The history of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) is closely tied to the general history of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). While the technology dates back at least as far as the 1940s, common usage in live operations came in the 2000s. UCAVs have now become an important part of modern warfare, including in the Syrian civil war, the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Ryan Firebee
The Ryan Firebee is a series of target drones developed by the Ryan Aeronautical Company beginning in 1951. It was one of the first jet-propelled drones, and remains one of the most widely used target drones ever built.
Marowijne District
Marowijne (Dutch pronunciation: [maːroːˈʋɛinə]) is a district of Suriname, located on the north-east coast. Marowijne's capital city is Albina, with other towns including Moengo and Wanhatti. The district borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, French Guiana to the east, the Surinamese district of Sipaliwini to the south, and the Surinamese districts of Commewijne and Para to the west.

Marowijne's population is 18,294 and the district has an area of 4,627 km2.

Commewijne District
Commewijne is a district of Suriname, located on the right bank of the Suriname River. Commewijne's capital city is Nieuw Amsterdam. Tamanredjo is another major town, while Meerzorg is the most populated.

The district has a population of 31,420 and an area of 2,353 km2.

One of the most populated of Suriname's districts, Commewijne relies primarily on agriculture for its income, with plantations dating back to the first Dutch colonisation of the area in the 17th century. In the 21st century, Meerzorg has been designated as a regional centre, and suburban area for Paramaribo, and is the site of many building projects. Nieuw Amsterdam has been steadily growing as well.
3rd Peoples' Democratic Party Ordinary Congress
The 3rd Ordinary Convention of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) was held to elect the leaders and chief party officials of the HDP, a left-wing and pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey. The party employs gender quotas for internal elections, requiring the election of one male co-leader and one female co-leader. Ankara Member of Parliament Sırrı Süreyya Önder was elected as the convention's presiding officer.

Former Member of Parliament Sezai Temelli was nominated for the position of chairman, while serving MP Pervin Buldan, who currently serves as a Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, was nominated for the position of chairwoman. Both were elected unopposed, taking over from Selahattin Demirtaş and Serpil Kemalbay respectively.

Ahmet Türk
Ahmet Türk (born 2 July 1942, in Derik, Mardin, Turkey) is a Kurdish politician from the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party (DEM Party). He has been a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for several terms and was elected thrice as the Mayor of Mardin.
Government of Argentina
The government of Argentina,  within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president of Argentina is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the president. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress. The Judiciary is independent from the Executive and from the Legislature, and is vested in the Supreme Court and the lower national tribunals. From the own government is also called Presidency of the Nation (Spanish: Presidencia de la Nación).

Autonomous city
An autonomous city is a type of autonomous administrative division. The most prominent example of this is in Argentina, a federal country with 23 provinces and an autonomous city, officially called the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In recent years, the term has also been used by the autonomous geographies movement to describe the efforts of urban squatters to fight for community autonomy and self-management.
Missa solemnis (Beethoven)
The Missa solemnis in D major, Op. 123, is a Solemn Mass composed by Ludwig van Beethoven from 1819 to 1823. It was first performed on 7 April 1824 in Saint Petersburg, Russia, under the auspices of Beethoven's patron Prince Nikolai Golitsyn; an incomplete performance was given in Vienna on 7 May 1824, when the Kyrie, Credo, and Agnus Dei were conducted by the composer. It is generally considered one of the composer's supreme achievements and, along with Bach's Mass in B minor, one of the most significant Mass settings of the common practice period.

Written around the same time as his Ninth Symphony, it is Beethoven's second setting of the Mass, after his Mass in C major, Op. 86. The work was dedicated to Archduke Rudolf of Austria, Archbishop of Olomouc, Beethoven's foremost patron as well as pupil and friend. The copy presented to Rudolf was inscribed "Von Herzen—Möge es wieder—Zu Herzen gehn!" ("From the heart – may it return to the heart!")

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
1991 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1991 UCI Road World Championships was the 58th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 25 August 1991 in Stuttgart, Germany. The race was won by Gianni Bugno of Italy.

UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single mass start road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.
ASTM G65
ASTM G65 is an international ASTM test method standard for measuring abrasion resistance of metallic materials and their surface treatments using a dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. First published in 1980 and most recently revised in 2021, it has become a predominant test method for evaluating wear resistance in industries including mining, petroleum, construction, and agriculture.

Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
NGC 5905
NGC 5905 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Draco. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,454±7 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 166.2 ± 11.6 Mly (50.95 ± 3.57 Mpc). However, 14 non-redshift measurements give a much closer mean distance of 119.16 ± 8.34 Mly (36.536 ± 2.556 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 5 May 1788.

NGC 5905 has an active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

NGC 5905 is also a Seyfert I galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

Draco (constellation)
Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. The north pole of the ecliptic is in Draco. Draco is circumpolar from northern latitudes, meaning that it never sets and can be seen at any time of year.
Gimli (cipher)
Gimli is a 384-bit cryptographically secure pseudorandom permutation that can be used to construct a hash function or stream cipher by using it in a sponge construction.

One stated design goal is the ability to deliver high speeds on many different platforms from 8-bit AVR CPUs to 64-bit desktop CPUs while still maintaining high security.

It has been submitted to the second round of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process.

Sponge function
In cryptography, a sponge function or sponge construction is any of a class of algorithms with finite internal state that take an input bit stream of any length and produce an output bit stream of any desired length. Sponge functions have both theoretical and practical uses. They can be used to model or implement many cryptographic primitives, including cryptographic hashes, message authentication codes, mask generation functions, stream ciphers, pseudo-random number generators, and authenticated encryption.