hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federal Bar Association
The Federal Bar Association (FBA) is the primary voluntary professional organization for private and government lawyers and judges practicing and sitting in federal courts in the United States. Four times a year, the FBA prints The Federal Lawyer, which includes the latest news of interest to the federal legal community. The magazine features articles by attorneys and judges, book reviews, the latest Supreme Court rulings, judicial profiles, and thorough coverage of FBA activities.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Cardiff West Yard Locomotive Works
West Yard Works was the Taff Vale Railway's locomotive repair and construction factory.  It was located in Cardiff between Bute Street and the Glamorganshire Canal, about 100 metres west of Bute Dock railway station (which is now Cardiff Bay railway station).

Cardiff Bay railway station
Cardiff Bay railway station (Welsh: Bae Caerdydd), formerly Cardiff Bute Road, is a station serving the Cardiff Bay and Butetown areas of Cardiff, Wales. It is the southern terminus of the Butetown branch line 1 mile (1.5 km) south of Cardiff Queen Street.

Currently one platform is in use, Platform 2, which opened 26th May 2025.  The existing Platform 1, which closed on the same day, is being redeveloped. The station building lies on Bute Street, although access to the station is from the nearby Lloyd George Avenue. For various reasons, including it being the origin of the first steam-powered passenger train service in Wales, the station is a Grade II* listed building.

Passenger services are provided by Transport for Wales.
National Campus and Community Radio Association
The National Campus and Community Radio Association/L'Association nationale des radios étudiantes et communautaires (NCRA/ANREC) is a non-profit organization of campus radio and community radio stations in Canada.

It represents the interests of the sector to government (particularly the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)) and other agencies, and promotes community radio in Canada. Since 1981, it has helped lower tariffs affecting radio stations and assisted new stations to launch, as well as to obtain operating funds. Core initiatives include GroundWire, Dig Your Roots, !earshot, Women’s Hands and Voices, the Community Radio Fund of Canada, sector-wide mailing lists, and an annual radio conference.

The head office of the NCRA/ANREC is located in Ottawa. A majority of English-language campus and community radio stations in Canada are members of the NCRA.

CKUW-FM
CKUW-FM (95.9 MHz) is the campus radio station at the University of Winnipeg in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The station broadcasts with 450 watts effective radiated power. Its transmitter and antenna are on top of #7 Evergreen Place in Osborne village in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Local cultural programs are a large part of the schedule, and a quarter of CKUW's programming consists of spoken word shows covering local news, the entertainment scene, and community/social justice issues.  The station operates 24 hours a day 7 days a week with all the programming being done by volunteers.
Broadcast (Cutting Crew album)
Broadcast is the debut studio album by the English rock band Cutting Crew. It was first released in the United Kingdom in November 1986, and was later released more widely, including in the United States, Canada and Japan in March 1987 with different packaging and four remixed tracks ("Any Colour", "One for the Mockingbird", "I've Been in Love Before" and "(I Just) Died in Your Arms"), all of which were released as singles. It was the first album to be released in the US by Virgin Records' new American imprint, Virgin Records America.

Broadcast was re-released by Cherry Red Records on 24 May 2010, with bonus tracks including for the first time on CD "For the Longest Time", the B-side of "(I Just) Died in Your Arms".

Kevin MacMichael
Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1986 with "(I Just) Died in Your Arms". Cutting Crew was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1988.
Judicial review in Bangladesh
The term judicial review is not expressly used in Bangladeshi law, but Article 102 of the Constitution of Bangladesh allows writ petitions to be filed to the High Court Division for reviewing the actions of public authorities, or suspending proceedings in lower courts. The article has caused significant judicial activism in Bangladesh.

In the 1970s, Article 102 was employed by the courts to set a precedent for invalidating detentions under the Special Powers Act, 1974. The courts have struck down constitutional amendments and enforced democratic local government under Article 102. The scope of such judicial review has expanded greatly since Justice Mustafa Kamal formally accepted public interest litigation for the first time in 1996, allowing associations and NGOs espousing the public's cause to file for judicial review.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
Yi Gang
Yi Gang (Chinese: 易纲; pinyin: Yì Gāng) (born 5 March 1958) is a Chinese economist who served as the governor of the People's Bank of China from 2018 to 2023, vice governor of the People's Bank of China from 2007 to 2018, director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange from 2009 to 2015, and assistant governor of the People's Bank of China from 2004 to 2007.

Governor of the People's Bank of China
The governor of the People's Bank of China is the head of the People's Bank of China and one of the country's key economic decisionmakers. Officially, the governor is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The governor post is not necessarily held concurrently with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) secretary of the PBC. The CCP committee secretary is the most powerful position in the bank and can hold more sway than the governor. The current PBC governor Pan Gongsheng holds both posts. The governor also chairs the PBC Monetary Policy Committee, an advisory body that typically includes the directors and deputy directors of other financial agencies, as well as a few influential academic economists.

The current governor is Pan Gongsheng, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) committee secretary of the PBC.
Re Baden's Deed Trusts (No 2)
Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1972] EWCA Civ 10 is an English trusts law case, concerning the circumstances under which a trust will be held to be uncertain. It followed on from McPhail v Doulton, where the House of Lords affirmed that upholding the settlor's intentions was of paramount importance. It dealt with the same facts as McPhail v Doulton, since the Lords had remanded the case to the Court of Appeal to be decided using the legal principles set out in McPhail.

Re Gulbenkian's Settlements Trusts
Re Gulbenkian’s Settlements Trusts [1968]  is an English trusts law case, concerning the certainty of trusts. It held that while the 'is or is not' test was suitable for mere powers, the complete list test remained the appropriate test for discretionary trusts. It was only a year later in McPhail v Doulton that the 'is or is not' test was considered appropriate for discretionary trusts by a different panel of their lordships.
4-(γ-Glutamylamino)butanoic acid
4-(γ-Glutamylamino)butanoic acid is molecule that consists of L-glutamate conjugated to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is the substrate of the enzyme γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines.

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
Seine River (electoral district)
Seine River (French: Rivière-Seine) is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada. It was created by redistribution in 1989, and has formally existed since the 1990 provincial election. The constituency is located in the southern section of the city of Winnipeg.

Seine River is bordered to the south and east by the rural riding of Dawson Trail, to the north by Southdale and Riel, and to the west by St. Norbert. The riding is mostly urban, although it also includes some rural space.

The riding's population in 1996 was 18,833. In 1999, the average family income was $63,800, and the unemployment rate was 4.20%. Seine River's francophone population is 9%, and there is also a significant German community (4%). Health and social services account for 14% of the riding's industry.

Dawson Trail (electoral district)
Dawson Trail (French: Chemin-Dawson) is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba  Canada. It was created by redistribution in 2008, out of parts of Morris and La Verendrye.

Communities in the riding include Ste. Anne, Lorette, Landmark, Grande Pointe, Giroux, Hazelridge, Anola, and Sapton. St. Adolphe and Ile des Chênes were previously located in the riding until redistribution in 2018.

The riding's population in 2006 was 19,530.
How Lisa Got Her Marge Back
"How Lisa Got Her Marge Back" is the eighteenth episode of the twenty-seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 592nd episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on April 10, 2016.

The episode was directed by Bob Anderson and marks as the first to be written by Jeff Martin since season five's "Homer's Barbershop Quartet". In this episode, Marge tries to reconcile with Lisa after saying she does not like her jazz music while Bart uses Maggie to play pranks on people. Actor Andrew Rannells guest starred as himself. The episode received mixed reviews.

Springfield (The Simpsons)
Springfield is the primary fictional setting of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons and related media. It is an average-sized, fictional city in an unknown state in the United States. The city's geography, surroundings, and layout are flexible, often changing to accommodate the plot of any given episode.

Springfield was inspired by a number of real-life locations, including creator Matt Groening's hometown of Portland, Oregon, the nearby town of Springfield, Oregon, and producer Mike Scully's hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts. However, in order to emphasize it as an example of "Anytown, USA", the location of the fictional Springfield remains a mystery. "Clues" regarding Springfield's climate, geology, distance from real cities, or political alignment, which are found in numerous episodes of the series, are intentionally contradictory.

In November 2025, an island version of Springfield was the main map for the Fortnite x Simpsons crossover mini season.
Edgewell Personal Care
The Edgewell Personal Care Company is an American multinational consumer products company headquartered in Shelton, Connecticut. It was formed in 2015 following the corporate spin-off from Energizer Holdings, Inc..

Edgewell Personal Care was formed by the renaming of the original Energizer Holdings; Energizer's battery business was then spun-off as Energizer Household Products and then renamed Energizer Holdings.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
1958–59 New York Rangers season
The 1958–59 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 33rd season. The Rangers finished with a 26–32–12 record in the regular season, and did not advance to the NHL playoffs for the first time since the 1954–55 season.

1954–55 New York Rangers season
The 1954–55 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 29th season. The season saw the Rangers finish in fifth place in the National Hockey League with a record of 17 wins, 35 losses, and 18 ties for 52 points, and miss the playoffs for the fifth year in a row for the first time since the 1944–45 season and the 1946–47 season.
Hiboun
Hiboun is a town and commune in the Mahdia Governorate, Tunisia, located in Sahel, Tunisia region  south of Monastir and southeast of Sousse in tourist area and contain many hotels and nightclubs and universities.
As of 2009 it had a population of 23,241.

Located at the northwestern entrance of Mahdia, the area remained a predominantly agricultural village—focused on olives, fruits, and vegetables—until the early 1970s. Its urban development experienced significant acceleration during the 1980s and 1990s and continues to this day. This growth is driven by the establishment of Mahdia's new tourist zone, the expansion of the city, and the opening of higher education institutions, such as the Faculty of Economics and Management in 2000 and the Higher Institute of Computer Science of Mahdia in 2018.

Monastir, Tunisia
Monastir, also called Mestir (Arabic: المنستير Monastīr / Mestīrⓘ, from the Greek μοναστήριον "hermit's cell, monastery"), is a city on the central coast of Tunisia, in the Sahel area, some 20 kilometres (12 miles) south of Sousse and 162 kilometres (101 miles) south of Tunis. Traditionally a fishing port, Monastir is now a major tourist resort. Its population is about 93,306.  It is the capital of Monastir Governorate.
Comarostaphylis
Comarostaphylis is a genus of shrubs in the heath family native to the Americas from California in the United States to Panama. These are hairy, glandular shrubs to small trees with shreddy bark, often quite similar to their close relatives, the manzanitas.

Species:

Comarostaphylis arbutoides

Comarostaphylis discolor

Comarostaphylis diversifolia

Comarostaphylis glaucescens

Comarostaphylis lanata

Comarostaphylis longifolia

Comarostaphylis mucronata

Comarostaphylis polifolia

Comarostaphylis sharpii

Comarostaphylis spinulosa

Comarostaphylis arbutoides
Comarostaphylis arbutoides is a species of shrub in the heath family. Its range extends from central Mexico south to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama. It is found in oak and pine forests in mountainous locations, and on the summits of Central American volcanoes, at elevations from 1,350 to 3,800 m (4,430 to 12,470 ft). There are two subspecies: arbutoides, distinguished by the presence of a rust-colored tomentum on the leaf underside, and costaricensis which lacks the tomentum.
Lila (Hinduism)
Lila (Sanskrit: लीला līlā) or leela (/ˈliːlə/) can be loosely translated as "divine play". The concept of lila asserts that creation, instead of being an objective for achieving any purpose, is rather an outcome of the playful nature of the divine. As the divine is perfect, it could have no want fulfilled, thereby signifying freedom, instead of necessity, behind the creation.

The concept of lila is common to both non-dualist and dualist philosophical schools of Indian philosophy, but has a markedly different significance in each. Within non-dualism, lila is a way of describing all reality, including the cosmos, as the outcome of creative play by the divine absolute (Brahman). In Vaishnavism,  lila refers to the activities of God and devotee, as well as the macrocosmic actions of the manifest universe.

Reality
Reality is the state of everything that exists, not how they might be imagined. Different cultures and academic disciplines conceptualize it in various ways.

Philosophical questions about the nature of reality, existence, or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, a major branch of metaphysics in the Western intellectual tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, religion, mathematics, and logic. These include questions about whether only physical objects are real (e.g., physicalism), whether reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g., idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist (e.g., scientific realism), whether God exists, whether numbers and other abstract objects exist, and whether possible worlds exist. Skeptics question whether any of those claims is true, and suggest more extreme postulates.
Alangulam Assembly constituency
Alangulam is a state legislative assembly constituency in Tenkasi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It includes the city of Alangulam. It is a part of Tirunelveli Lok Sabha constituency.
Most successful candidates: DMK & ADMK (5 times). It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Tenkasi district
Tenkasi district (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India, separated from Tirunelveli district on 22 November 2019. The Government of Tamil Nadu announced its creation on 18 July 2019. The district headquarters is at Tenkasi.
User identifier
In Unix-like operating systems, a user identifier (often abbreviated to user ID or UID) is a value used to identify a user. The UID, along with the group identifier (GID) and other access control criteria, is used to determine which system resources a user can access. The password file maps textual user names to UIDs. UIDs are stored in the inodes of the Unix file system, running processes, tar archives, and the now-obsolete Network Information Service. In POSIX-compliant environments, the shell command id gives the current user's UID, as well as more information such as the user name, primary user group and group identifier (GID).

Network File System
Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems (Sun) in 1984,  allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a computer network much like local storage is accessed. NFS, like many other protocols, builds on the Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC) system. NFS is an open IETF standard. After the first experimental version developed in house at Sun Microsystems, all subsequent versions of  the protocol are defined in a series of Request for Comments i.e. RFCs, allowing anyone to implement the protocol.
2024–25 Supercopa de España Femenina
The 2024–25 Supercopa de España Femenina was the sixth edition of the current Supercopa de España Femenina, an annual women's football competition for clubs in the Spanish football league system that were successful in its major competitions in the preceding season.

Barcelona were defending champions and won their fifth (fourth consecutive) Supercopa title after defeating Real Madrid 5–0 in the final. It was the first time Real Madrid had reached a Supercopa final, and the first time a Women's Clásico match took place as a competition final. With Real Madrid failing to score against Barcelona, the final also marked two calendar years (since the 2023 Supercopa semi-final) that Real Madrid had gone goalless in Clásicos.

2022–23 Supercopa de España Femenina
The 2022–23 Supercopa de España Femenina was the fourth edition of the current Supercopa de España Femenina, an annual women's football competition for clubs in the Spanish football league system that were successful in its major competitions in the preceding season.

Barcelona defended the title after defeating Real Sociedad 3–0 in the final, to win the competition for a record third time.
Baggensstäket
Baggensstäket (also Baggarstäket or Södra stäket) is a strait in the Stockholm archipelago, between the island of Värmdö and the mainland (Södermanland).

It is part of the waterway between  the firth of Baggensfjärden and bay of Lännerstasundet. The waterway continues northwards through Skurusundet to Stockholm.

The strait is shallow and narrow and can only be traversed by small vessels with up to 3 m (9.8 ft) draft. Traffic through the strait is heavy in summertime.

Stockholm Archipelago
The Stockholm Archipelago (Swedish: Stockholms skärgård) is the largest archipelago in Sweden, and the second-largest archipelago in the Baltic Sea (the largest being the Archipelago Sea across the Baltic in Finland). Part of the archipelago has been designated as a Ramsar site since 1989.

Stockholm Archipelago has been found to have slightly over 24,000 islands, islets and skerries and covers approximately 1,700 km² of which approximately 530 km² is land. There are around 10,000 permanent residences and 50,000 holiday homes in the archipelago. Residents are found on all the larger islands closest to the coast that have fixed bridges or ferry connections with road ferries, such as Vaxholm, Ingarö, Värmdö, Yxlan, Blidö, Ljusterö and Väddö, but also on many of the larger islands farther out from the coast, as Ingmarsö, Möja, Runmarö, Nämdö, Ornö and Utö, which are served by passenger ships with fixed itineraries.
UJ Netball
University of Johannesburg Netball Club, commonly known as UJ Netball, are a South African netball team based at Kingsway Campus Auckland Park at the University of Johannesburg. Their senior team represents the university in Varsity Netball. They also enter teams in University Sports South Africa, Netball South Africa and local Gauteng competitions. In addition they organise a University of Johannesburg netball league.

South Africa national netball team
The South Africa national netball team, also known as the SPAR Proteas, represent Netball South Africa in international netball tournaments, such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. Their best result in a major tournament is a silver medal at the 1995 World Netball Championships. As of 1 March 2024, South Africa are currently fifth in the World Netball Rankings.