hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Smith (privateer)
Captain Stephen Smith (1739 – 29 September 1806) was an American privateer and militia officer from Machias, Maine who fought in the raid on Saint John. The following year Smith was appointed truck master to the Native Americans to ensure their support during the American Revolution. He also participated in the Battle of Machias (1777). (Note: the record does not support that Smith was on the Unity, the ship Jeremiah O'Brien used to capture the Margaretta at the Battle of Machias.) Smith, after the revolution was appointed by President George Washington under Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in Machias as a Tax Collector.

Jeremiah O'Brien
Jeremiah O'Brien (1744 – September 5, 1818) was an American military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War. Born in Kittery, Massachusetts, he captured the British schooner HMS Margaretta in the Battle of Machias, renaming her Machias Liberty before leading the successful raid on Saint John. O'Brien was subsequently commissioned into the Massachusetts State Navy at the rank of captain, though he was captured by the British in 1780 and imprisoned in England. Escaping to France and then to North America, O'Brien was commissioned as colonel into the Massachusetts Militia. Six ships have been named in his honor.
Julyan Stone
Julyan Ray Stone (born December 7, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Marinos B.B.C. of the Superliga Profesional de Baloncesto. He played college basketball for the University of Texas at El Paso.

Reyer Venezia
S.S.P. Reyer Venezia Mestre, commonly known as Reyer Venezia or simply Reyer, is an Italian professional basketball club that is based in Venice, Veneto. The club currently plays in the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA), the highest tier of basketball in Italy, as well as the EuroCup. Reyer operates both men's and women's professional teams, both playing in their respective first divisions as of the 2017–18 season. The men's team has been crowned the Italian champions four times, as they won the LBA in 1942, 1943, 2017 and 2019.
Oblomov
Oblomov (Russian: Обломов, pronounced [ɐˈbloməf]) is the second novel by Russian writer Ivan Goncharov, first published in 1859. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the central character of the novel, portrayed as the ultimate incarnation of the superfluous man, a symbolic character in 19th-century Russian literature. Oblomov is a young, generous nobleman who seems incapable of making important decisions or undertaking any significant actions. Throughout the novel, he rarely leaves his room or bed. In the first 50 pages, he only manages to move from his bed to a chair.

The novel was popular when it came out, and some of its characters and devices have imprinted on Russian culture and language.

Vissarion Belinsky
Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky (Russian: Виссарио́н Григо́рьевич Бели́нский; June 11 [O.S. May 30] 1811 – June 7 [O.S. May 26] 1848) was a Russian literary critic of Westernizing tendency. Belinsky played one of the key roles in the career of poet and publisher Nikolay Nekrasov and his popular magazine Sovremennik. He was the most influential of the Westernizers, especially among the younger generation. He worked primarily as a literary critic, because that area was less heavily censored than political pamphlets. He agreed with Slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. He strongly opposed Slavophiles on the role of Orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force. He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy.
2025 FIBA AmeriCup qualification
The 2025 FIBA AmeriCup qualification was a basketball competition that was played from February 2023 to February 2025, to determine the eleven FIBA Americas nations who would join the automatically qualified host Nicaragua at the 2025 FIBA AmeriCup.

2025 FIBA AmeriCup
The 2025 FIBA AmeriCup was the 20th edition of the FIBA AmeriCup, the quadrennial international men's basketball championship organized by FIBA Americas. The tournament was played in Managua, Nicaragua for the first time, from 22 to 31 August 2025. The competition returned to its usual four-year cycle, after the previous tournament was delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 2025 FIBA AmeriCup concluded with Brazil winning their fifth title in the competition, defeating Argentina in the final, a rematch from 2022. The United States won the bronze medal for the second consecutive AmeriCup, with their victory against Canada.
Nick Hyde
Nicholas Wayne Hyde (born 27 June 1975) or more commonly known as Nick Hyde is a New Zealand former footballer who played as a defender. A one-time Oceania Club Championship winner with Auckland City, his football career was predominantly spent in the domestic league system. After his football career ended, he serves as founder and chairperson of Vanguard Military School.

New Zealand National Football Leagues
The New Zealand National League is the name given to the current New Zealand top football competition. Originally set up as the New Zealand National Soccer League there has been many versions of the competition as well as many different names. The most common format saw club teams play each other, at least two times, on a home and away basis. At the completion of those games, the best-performing team was declared as the New Zealand champion. The latest version has the clubs play in their regional leagues with the top teams qualifying for the Championship phase to then play each other for the champion.
Slobo Ilijevski
Slobodan "Slobo" Ilijevski (Macedonian: Слободан Илијевски Слобо; October 24, 1949 in Skopje, Yugoslavia – July 14, 2008 in Bellingham, Washington) was a Yugoslav and Macedonian football (soccer) goalkeeper who played in the North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League.

St. Louis Kutis S.C.
St. Louis Kutis Soccer Club, better known as St. Louis Kutis, is an amateur American soccer club in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1947 as the "St. Louis Raiders", the club was known as "Paul Schulte" during the 1948–49 season, "McMahon's" during the 1949–50 season and "Zenthoefer's" in the 1950–51 season. In 1953, the team was renamed "St. Louis Kutis". The club gained its greatest prominence in the 1950s when it dominated both St. Louis and national soccer competitions. In 1958, the United States Soccer Federation used Kutis, with a few guest players, as the U.S. national team in two World Cup qualifying matches.
The South Australian
The South Australian was a newspaper published in Adelaide, the capital of colonial South Australia from 2 June 1838 to 19 August 1851. Between 1838 and 1844, it was published as The Southern Australian.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Dalen Hotel
Dalen Hotel is a historic hotel located at Dalen in Tokke Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The luxury Dalen Hotel, once a popular locale for European royalty, is one of the largest wooden buildings in Norway and one of the best preserved hotels of its size from the 1800s.

The hotel is located in eastern Dalen on the shores of Bandak lake. The hotel owners operate a ferry service along the Telemark Canal, which during the warmer seasons has daily trips between Skien and Dalen on the historic passenger ships MS Henrik Ibsen and MS Victoria.  The hotel can also be accessed by road on Fylkesvei 38 and 45, which extends down from E134 to the north.

Tokke
Tokke is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Vest-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dalen. Other villages in Tokke include Åmdals Verk, Eidsborg, Høydalsmo, Lårdal, and Øvre Byrte. The Eidsborg Stave Church is one of Norway's old stave churches and it is located in Eidsborg, just north of Dalen.

The 985-square-kilometre (380 sq mi) municipality is the 117th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tokke is the 268th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,198. The municipality's population density is 2.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Papenteich
Papenteich is a Samtgemeinde in the district of Gifhorn in Lower Saxony, Germany, situated approximately 10 km south of Gifhorn, and 15 km north of Braunschweig. Papenteich was founded on October 2, 1970 and includes 6 local municipalities with 19 villages. At present its population is 23,458.

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
David Shaw Nicholls
David Shaw Nicholls (born 1959) is a Scottish architect and designer based in New York City, Italy and Glasgow. He became internationally known by his minimalist ASFLEXI settee, conceived while in school.

Ettore Sottsass
Ettore Sottsass (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛttore sotˈsas]; 14 September 1917 – 31 December 2007) was an Italian architect and product designer. He was known for his designs of furniture, jewelry, glass, lighting, homeware and office supplies. He also worked on numerous buildings and interiors, often defined by bold colours.
1979–80 Swiss League Cup
The 1979–80 Swiss League Cup was the eighth edition of the Swiss League Cup competition since its introduction in 1972. The first round was played in summer 1979 as a pre-season warm-up to the 1979–80 Swiss football season, the later rounds were played after the winter-break.

Swiss League Cup
The Swiss League Cup was a football tournament which took place as a summer pre-season tournament in 1972 and 1973, and during the Swiss football season from 1974–75 to 1981–82. The tournament was a knockout competition contested by clubs from the top two levels of Swiss football, the Nationalliga A and Nationalliga B.
Copper chromite
Copper chromite often refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Cu2Cr2Ox. They are black solids.  Cu2Cr2O4 is a well-defined material.  The other copper chromite often is described as Cu2Cr2O5.  It is used to catalyze reactions in organic chemistry.

Calcination
Calcination is thermal treatment of a solid chemical compound (e.g. mixed carbonate ores) whereby the compound is raised to high temperature without melting with a restricted supply of oxygen (i.e. gaseous O2 fraction of air), generally for the purpose of removing impurities or volatile substances and/or to induce thermal decomposition.

The root of the word calcination refers to its most prominent use, which is to remove carbon and oxygen from limestone (calcium carbonate) through applying heat to yield calcium oxide (quicklime). This calcination reaction (which is endothermic) is CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g).

Calcium oxide is a crucial ingredient in modern cement, and is also used as a chemical flux in smelting. Industrial calcination generally emits carbon dioxide (CO2).

A calciner is a steel cylinder that rotates inside a heated furnace and performs indirect high-temperature processing (550–1150 °C, or 1000–2100 °F) within a controlled atmosphere.
Sergei Shchukin
Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin (Russian: Сергей Иванович Щукин; 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1854 – 10 January 1936) was a Russian businessman who became an art collector, mainly of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art.

Pushkin Museum
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: Государственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А. С. Пушкина, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy muzey izobrazitel'nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina, abbreviated as Russian: ГМИИ, GMII) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatoslav Richter's December Nights has been held in the Pushkin Museum since 1981.
Magneric of Trier
Magneric of Trier (also called Magnerich, or Magnericus) (born c. 522, died c. 596) was a Frankish bishop of Trier. He is a Catholic and Orthodox saint, with a feast day on July 25. Magneric was one of the first bishops with a Germanic name. He was a friend and admirer of Gregory of Tours, mentioned in his History of the Franks, and ordained St Géry, one of his disciples, who became bishop of Cambrai-Arras on the ascent of King Childebert II. Venantius Fortunatus described the Bishop as virtuous and charitable, and an "ornament of bishops".

Gregory of Tours
Gregory of Tours (born Georgius Florentius; 30 November c. 538 – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history". He was a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, encompassing Gaul's historic region.

Gregory's most notable work is the Decem Libri Historiarum ('Ten Books of Histories'), also known as the Historia Francorum ('History of the Franks'). Decem Libri Historiarum is considered a primary source for the study of Merovingian history and chronicles the accounts of the Franks during the period. Gregory is also known for documenting accounts of religious figures, notably that of Martin of Tours.
St. Anne High School (Warren, Michigan)
St. Anne High School was a coeducational Catholic high school in Warren, Michigan.

The school opened in 1965 and was operated by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.  It closed in 1987.

Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Warren borders Detroit to the north, roughly 13 miles (20.9 km) north of downtown Detroit. The population was 139,387 at the 2020 census, making Warren the largest community in Macomb County, the third-largest city in Michigan, and Detroit's largest suburb.

The city is home to a wide variety of businesses, including the General Motors Technical Center, the United States Army Detroit Arsenal, home of the United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command and the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), and the headquarters of Asset Acceptance.
2011–12 Djurgårdens IF (men's hockey) season
The 2011–12 Djurgårdens IF Hockey season is Djurgården's 36th season in the Swedish elite league, Elitserien. The regular season began on away ice on September 15, 2011 against HV71 and concluded on March 6, 2012 also on away ice against HV71.

Djurgården finished 11th in the regular season and were therefore forced to play in the 2012 Kvalserien to survive in the highest division, marking the club's first Kvalserien appearance in 30 years. The Kvalserien was played between 15 March and 6 April 2012. Djurgården failed to stay in the highest division and went on to play in the second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan for the 2012–13 season.

2012 Kvalserien
The 2012 Kvalserien was the 38th Kvalserien, which was played between 15 March 2012 and 6 April 2012. It determined which two teams of the participating ones would play in the 2012–13 Elitserien season and which four teams would play in the 2012–13 HockeyAllsvenskan season.

The 12th-seeded Elitserien team Timrå IK defended its spot in the top division, and Rögle BK took over Djurgårdens IF's Elitserien spot. Rögle became the first HockeyAllsvenskan playoff team in history to make one of the two Kvalserien spots for Elitserien.
Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland
Harriet Elizabeth Georgiana Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (née Howard; 21 May 1806 – 27 October 1868), styled The Honourable Harriet Howard before her marriage, was an English courtier and abolitionist from the Howard family.

She was Mistress of the Robes under several Whig administrations: 1837–1841, 1846–1852, 1853–1858, and 1859–1861; and a great friend of Queen Victoria. She was an important figure in London's high society, and used her social position to undertake various philanthropic undertakings including the protest of the English ladies against American slavery.

George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll
George John Douglas Campbell, 8th and 1st Duke of Argyll (30 April 1823 – 24 April 1900; styled Marquess of Lorne until 1847), was a Scottish polymath and Liberal statesman. He made a significant geological discovery in the 1850s when his tenant found fossilised leaves embedded among basalt lava on the Island of Mull. He also helped to popularise ornithology and was one of the first to give a detailed account of the principles of bird flight in the hopes of advancing human flight. His literary output was extensive writing on topics varying from science and theology to economy and politics. In addition to this, he served prominently in the administrations of Lord Aberdeen, Lord Palmerston, John Russell and William Gladstone.
Brit Awards 2024
The Brit Awards 2024 was the 44th edition of the Brit Awards ceremony presented by British Phonographic Industry (BPI), and was held on Saturday 2 March 2024 at The O2 Arena in London. The ceremony returned to a weekend due to successful viewership for the 2023 ceremony, which was held on a weekend for the first time. It also returned to March for the first time since the 2000 ceremony. After hosting the ceremony for two consecutive years, Mo Gilligan announced that he would no longer be hosting the ceremony. The event was hosted by Clara Amfo, Maya Jama and Roman Kemp.

For this year's ceremony, Raye received the most nominations with seven in total, breaking the record for the most nominations received by a single artist in a year. British rappers Central Cee and J Hus tied for second with four each. Raye would go on to win a record-breaking 6 awards, making history with the most wins by a single artist in one night.

Brit Awards 2023
Brit Awards 2023, the 43rd edition of the ceremony, presented by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), was held on 11 February 2023 to recognise the best in British and international music. The ceremony took place at The O2 Arena in London and was hosted by British comedian Mo Gilligan, who returns after hosting the 2022 edition. Coverage of the red carpet was broadcast on ITV2 and presented by Clara Amfo, Maya Jama and Roman Kemp. The 2023 Brit Award trophy was designed by Nigerian-born London-based artist Olaolu Slawn.

Going into the ceremony, Harry Styles and Wet Leg were the most-nominated artists, with four each. Styles emerged as the night's big winner, winning in all four of the categories he was nominated in, with Wet Leg and Beyoncé also winning multiple awards.

The ceremony was screened on ITV to 3.3 million viewers.
Tarnowskie Góry County
Tarnowskie Góry County (Polish: powiat tarnogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tarnowskie Góry, which lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains three other towns: Radzionków, 8 km (5 mi) south of Tarnowskie Góry, Kalety, 14 km (9 mi) north of Tarnowskie Góry, and Miasteczko Śląskie, 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Tarnowskie Góry.

The county covers an area of 642.63 square kilometres (248.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 140,022, out of which the population of Tarnowskie Góry is 61,422, that of Radzionków is 16,826, that of Kalety is 8,607, that of Miasteczko Śląskie is 7,437, and the rural population is 45,730.

Radzionków
Radzionków ([raˈd͡ʑɔŋkuf]; Silesian: Radziōnkōw, Cidry, German: Radzionkau) is a town in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Outer town of the Metropolis GZM – metropolis with a population of 2 million. Located in the Silesian Highlands.

It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. In 1975–1997 it was a part of Bytom before it became a separate entity in 1998. Radzionków is one of the towns of the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within a greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the town is 16,826 (2019).
Iran–Sweden relations
Iran–Sweden relations are foreign relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Sweden. Among all Scandinavian countries, Sweden has the strongest and most extensive relationship with Iran. Formal diplomatic relations were established in 1929. Sweden played an important role in modernizing parts of Iran’s police force during the late Qajar era.

From the 8th to the 11th centuries, Swedish Vikings traveled down the Russian rivers to the Caspian Sea, reaching near Iran. They acted only as traders and mercenaries, exchanging furs, amber, and weapons for the silver. The strongest evidence of Persian-Swedish Vikings relationship comes from archaeological discoveries, where tens of thousands of Persian coins have been unearthed in Viking hoards in Sweden. In addition to coins, archaeologists have found Persian textiles, beads, and metalwork in Viking graves across Sweden.

Ahmad Reza Djalali
Ahmad Reza Djalali (born 15 September 1971) is an Iranian-Swedish physician and researcher in  disaster medicine. He has worked at several European universities, including the  Karolinska University of Sweden, where he earned his PhD, the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, and  Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He has also collaborated with universities in Iran and maintained international academic connections.

Djalali was arrested in April 2016 while visiting Iran and later sentenced to death on charges of espionage and treason. Human rights organizations have described his trial as unfair. Djalali has stated that he was tortured and threatened during his detention. His case has been described by human rights advocates as a form of retaliatory punishment linked to international legal proceedings, and possibly a case of academic hostage diplomacy.
International Financial Services Centres Authority
The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) is the regulatory body for the Indian special economic zones such as the GIFT International Financial Services Centre for International Financial Services and commodity markets under the ownership of the Government of India. It was established in 2020, under the International Financial Services Centres Authority Act, 2019. The International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) is located in GIFT City, India.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.