hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Spears (cyclist)
Robert "Bob" Spears (8 August 1893 – 5 July 1950) was an Australian cyclist who was active on the track between 1913 and 1928. He was born in Dubbo, New South Wales and won his first race in the city at the age of fourteen. He won one gold and two silver medals in the sprint at the world championships of 1920–1922. He won six-day races in Melbourne (1913), Newark Velodrome (1915) and Chicago (1916), as well as the Grand Prix de Paris (1920, 1921, 1922) and Grand Prix of Copenhagen (1922, 1925).

In 1985, he was inducted to the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.

Sport Australia Hall of Fame Awards
The Sport Australia Hall of Fame was established on 10 December 1985 to recognise the achievements of Australian sportsmen and sportswomen.  The inaugural induction included 120 members with Sir Don Bradman as the first inductee and Dawn Fraser the first female inductee. In 1989, the Hall of Fame was expanded to include associate members who have assisted in the development of sport in Australia. In 2012, there were 518 members. Each year the Hall of Fame inducts notable retired athletes, associate members and upgrades one member to 'legend' status.

The main award each year is the 'Don' Award but other awards include Team Sport Australia Award, Spirit of Sport Award and Hall of Fame Moments.

The National Sports Museum located at the Melbourne Cricket Ground houses the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.
Huang Yang
Huang Yang (Chinese: 黄洋, born 30 October 1983) is a former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. Born in China, he represented Hong Kong internationally.

Huang was the Hong Kong Footballer of the Year in 2013.

2011–12 Hong Kong First Division League
The 2011–12 Hong Kong First Division League, also known as 2011–12 bma Hong Kong First Division League season was the 100th since its establishment. Kitchee SC was the defending champions, having won their 4th Hong Kong title in the previous season.
2025 Jingshan Tennis Open
The 2025 HuBei Bank Jingshan Tennis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament and part of the 2025 WTA 125 tournaments and the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Jingshan, China between 22 and 28 September 2025.

2025 WTA 125 tournaments
The WTA 125 tournaments were the secondary professional tennis circuit tournaments organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2025 calendar consisted of fifty three tournaments announced or confirmed through various sources.
Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai
Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, commonly known by its former name Madras Law College, is a law school, located in Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India. It is also referred to as Government Law College or GLC, Chennai. It was established in 1855. It was renamed in 1990, as Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, by the Government of Tamil Nadu in commemoration of the birth centenary of B. R. Ambedkar. In 1997, the Government of Tamil Nadu passed an Act which brought the college under the wings of the newly established Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, splitting the college from the University of Madras.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
Mary Noailles Murfree
Mary Noailles Murfree (January 24, 1850 – July 31, 1922) was an American author of novels and short stories who wrote under the pen name Charles Egbert Craddock.  She is considered by many to be Appalachia's first significant female writer and her work a necessity for the study of Appalachian literature, although a number of characters in her work reinforce negative stereotypes about the region.  She has been favorably compared to Bret Harte and Sarah Orne Jewett, creating post-Civil War American local-color literature.

The town of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, is named after Murfree's great-grandfather Colonel Hardy Murfree, who fought in the Revolutionary War.

Bret Harte
Francis Brett Hart (August 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902), known as Bret Harte (/hɑːrt/ HART), was an American short story writer and poet best remembered for short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush. In a career spanning more than four decades, he also wrote poetry, plays, lectures, book reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches.

Harte moved from California to the eastern U.S. and later to Europe. He incorporated new subjects and characters into his stories, but his Gold Rush tales have been those most often reprinted, adapted, and admired.
Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta East) 2 (constituency)
Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta East) 1 is one of two parliamentary constituencies of Nawalpur District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.

Nawalpur District
Nawalpur (/nəˌwʌlˈpʊər/, Nepali: नवलपुर, pronounced [ˈnʌwʌlpur]) is one of 11 districts of Gandaki Province of Nepal. The headquarters of the district is Kawasoti.

Nawalpur District and Parasi District were formerly a single district, Nawalparasi District, until a reorganization effective 20 September 2015.

The total area of Nawalpur District is 1,331.16 square kilometres (513.96 sq mi) and total population of this district as of 2011 Nepal census is 310864 individuals.
Rugby league in Western Australia
In Western Australia, rugby league is played at amateur level by 31 clubs across 5 regional leagues with a total of around 7,900 players. It attracts an audience mainly for the State of Origin series.

The state will have a professional club in a national competition from 2027 with the entry of the Perth Bears: Western Australia was previously represented by the Western Reds/Perth Reds in 1995–1997, but the Reds were shut down at the end of 1997 in the aftermath of the Super League war.

Australian Rugby League Commission
The Australian Rugby League Commission Limited (ARL), formerly the Australian Rugby Football League Limited is an Australian rugby league football competition operator.

It was founded in 1986 as the Australian Rugby Football League Limited and succeeded the Australian Rugby Football League Board of Control which had been formed in 1924. Since its inception, the ARL has administered the Australian national team and represented Australia in international rugby league matters. Prior to 1998, the code in Australia had been principally administered by individual state leagues on a domestic basis, and the ARL on a national and international basis.
Variational series
In statistics, a variational series is a non-decreasing sequence composed from an initial series of independent and identically distributed random variables . The members of the variational series form order statistics, which form the basis for nonparametric statistical methods.

is called the kth order statistic, while the values  and  (the 1st and th order statistics, respectively) are referred to as the extremal terms. The sample range is given by , and the sample median by  when  is odd and  when  is even.

The variational series serves to construct the empirical distribution function  , where  is the number of members of the series which are less than .  The empirical distribution  serves as an estimate of the true distribution  of the random variables, and according to the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem converges almost surely to .

Empirical distribution function
In statistics, an empirical distribution function (a.k.a. an empirical cumulative distribution function, eCDF) is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample. This cumulative distribution function is a step function that jumps up by 1/n at each of the n data points. Its value at any specified value of the measured variable is the fraction of observations of the measured variable that are less than or equal to the specified value.

The empirical distribution function is an estimate of the cumulative distribution function that generated the points in the sample. It converges with probability 1 to that underlying distribution, according to the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem. A number of results exist to quantify the rate of convergence of the empirical distribution function to the underlying cumulative distribution function.
2021 Lakhimpur Kheri violence
The Lakhimpur Kheri incident was a sequence of violent incidents comprising a vehicle-ramming attack, drive-by shooting and a mob lynching all on 3 October 2021 at Banbirpur village near Tikunia in Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. They occurred during farmers’ protests against three agricultural laws passed in 2020 by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led Union Government. The violence led to the deaths of eight people and injuries to ten others. Four protesting farmers and a journalist were run over by a car. Two BJP members and MP Ajay Mishra Teni's driver were lynched by protestors in the aftermath.

Lakhimpur Kheri district
Lakhimpur Kheri district is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the border with Nepal.  Its administrative capital is the city of Lakhimpur.

Lakhimpur Kheri district is a part of Lucknow division, with a total area of 7,680 square kilometres (2,970 sq mi). The national government designated Lakhimpur Kheri as a Minority Concentrated District on the basis of 2001 census data, which identifies it as requiring urgent aid to improve living standards and amenities.

Dudhwa National Park,  and Pilibhit Tiger reserve are in Lakhimpur Kheri and are the only national park in Uttar Pradesh. They are home to many rare and endangered species including 65+ Tigers, leopards, swamp deer, hispid hares and Bengal florican.
Glendale, Arizona
Glendale (/ˈɡlɛndeɪl/) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Located about nine miles northwest of the state capital, as a suburb of Phoenix, Glendale is known for State Farm Stadium, which is the home of the Arizona Cardinals football team. The city also contains the Arrowhead Towne Center shopping mall. As of the 2020 census, Glendale had a population of 248,325.

Arizona State Route 303
Arizona State Route 303 (SR 303) or Loop 303, also known as the Bob Stump Memorial Parkway (formerly the Estrella Freeway), is a freeway that serves the west part of the Phoenix metropolitan area. The freeway, originally a two-lane rural highway, was maintained by Maricopa County until 2004 after approved sales tax when the Arizona Department of Transportation again took control of upgrading the interim road to a freeway.
Ivan Sivec
Ivan Sivec (born 23 May 1949) is a Slovenian writer, author, lyricist and storyteller. He lives and works in Mengeš.

He wrote more than 150 novels and more than 3,000 lyrics for popular music, which made him the most prolific writer in the history of Slovenian literature. He is most known for his historical novels – on Carantania, the ancient Slovenian homeland, on Romans in this part of the empire, on the Counts of Celje, for his collection of Slovenian Castle Stories, for his travelogues and for his biographical novels about Slovenian writers, poets, musicians and other artists. Several of his novels, especially for the youth have been made into feature films and TV series. His work was described as a new realism which borders on documentary.

Feuilleton
A feuilleton (French pronunciation: [fœjtɔ̃]; a diminutive of French: feuillet, the leaf of a book) was originally a kind of supplement attached to the political portion of French newspapers, consisting chiefly of non-political news and gossip, literature and art criticism, a chronicle of the latest fashions, and epigrams, charades, and other literary trifles.

The term feuilleton was invented in 1800 for the publishing format by the editors of the French Journal des débats, Julien Louis Geoffroy and Bertin the Elder. Early on, the feuilleton was described as a "talk of the town". A contemporary English-language example of the format is the section of The New Yorker that is entitled, "Talk of the Town". However, in English newspapers, the term instead came to refer to an installment of a serial story that is printed in one part of a newspaper.
Alpha cell hyperplasia
Alpha cell hyperplasia  is defined as a specific (without similar change in other islet cells), diffuse (not limited to a particular part of pancreas), and overwhelming (many-fold) increase of the number of pancreatic alpha cells. The pancreatic islets normally contain 4 types of cells; the alpha cells produce and release glucagon, a hormone that regulates the metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Although first described in early 1990s, alpha cell hyperplasia had remained an esoteric topic until the mid-2010s. Based on the pathogenesis and clinical presentation, alpha cell hyperplasia can be divided into 3 types: reactive, nonfunctional, and functional.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs, PETs, or PNETs), often referred to as "islet cell tumours", or "pancreatic endocrine tumours" are neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous system within the pancreas.

PanNETs are a type of neuroendocrine tumor, representing about one-third of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Many PanNETs are benign, while some are malignant. Aggressive PanNET tumors have traditionally been termed "islet cell carcinoma".

PanNETs are quite distinct from the usual form of pancreatic cancer, the majority of which are adenocarcinomas, which arise in the exocrine pancreas. Only 1 or 2% of clinically significant pancreas neoplasms are PanNETs.
Student fee
A student fee or student activity fee is a fee charged to students at a school, college, university or other place of learning that is in addition to any matriculation and/or tuition fees. It may be charged to support student organizations and student activities (for which it can be called an activity fee) or for intercollegiate programs such as intramural sports or visiting academics; or, at a public university or college, as a means to remedy shortfalls in state funding (in which case it can often be called a technology fee). Further fees may then be charged for features and facilities such as insurance, health and parking provision.

Tuition payments
Tuition payments, usually known as tuition in American English and as tuition fees in Commonwealth English, are fees charged by education institutions for instruction or other services. Besides public spending (by governments and other public bodies), private spending via tuition payments are the largest revenue sources for education institutions in some countries. In most developed countries, especially countries in Scandinavia and Continental Europe, there are no or only nominal tuition fees for all forms of education, including university and other higher education.
Ibad
The ʿIbād or ʿEbād (Arabic: عِباد) were a Christian Arab group within the city of al-Ḥīra (Ḥirtā) during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, when the city was part of the Sasanian Empire and later the Caliphate. Of diverse tribal backgrounds, the ʿIbād were united only by their adherence to Christianity and, after the sixth century, the Church of the East.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Geek Pride Day
Geek Pride Day is an initiative to promote geek culture, celebrated annually on May 25.

The initiative originated in Spain in 2006 as (Spanish: Día del orgullo friki) and spread around the world via the Internet.

Geek
The word geek is a slang term originally used to describe eccentric or non-mainstream people; in current use, the word typically connotes an expert or enthusiast obsessed with a hobby or intellectual pursuit. In the past, it had a generally pejorative meaning of a "peculiar person, especially one who is perceived to be overly intellectual, unfashionable, boring, or socially awkward". In the 21st century, it was reclaimed and used by many people, especially members of some fandoms, as a positive term.

Some use the term self-referentially without malice or as a source of pride, often referring simply to "someone who is interested in a subject (usually intellectual or complex) for its own sake".
Al-Zaytuna Mosque
Al-Zaytuna Mosque (Arabic: جامع الزيتونة, romanized: Jāmiʿ al-Zaytūnah, lit. 'Mosque of the olive') is a major mosque at the center of the historic medina of Tunis, Tunisia. The mosque is the oldest in the city. It was founded at the end of the 7th century or in the early 8th century, but its current architectural form dates from a reconstruction in the 9th century, including many antique columns reused from Carthage, and from later additions and restorations over the centuries.

The mosque developed into a place of higher education, today the University of Ez-Zitouna, which became the most important educational institution in Tunisia from around the 13th century onward. Ibn 'Arafa, a major Maliki scholar, al-Maziri, the great traditionalist and jurist, and Aboul-Qacem Echebbi, a famous Tunisian poet, all taught there, among others.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Army of Missouri
The Army of Missouri was a Confederate field army during the American Civil War that served as part of the Trans-Mississippi Department. It was established in September 1864 under the command of Major General Sterling Price to invade Missouri. The fall campaign was unsuccessful, and the army retreated to Arkansas, where it was broken up and reabsorbed into the Army of the Trans-Mississippi.

Army of the Trans-Mississippi
The Trans-Mississippi Army was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. It was the last major Confederate command to surrender, submitting on May 26, 1865, exactly one month after General Johnston had surrendered in the eastern United States.
Penstemon clevelandii
Penstemon clevelandii is a species of penstemon known by the common name Cleveland penstemon. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in mountain and desert habitat such as scrub, woodland, and chaparral.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
2012 OFC Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2012 OFC Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was the qualifying tournament to the football competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London for the member nations of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The tournament was played in New Zealand, after an OFC decision to strip Fiji of the rights to host the tournament was made in January 2012. It was announced on 7 February 2012 that Taupō would host the qualifiers, with the sole venue being Owen Delany Park.

New Zealand won the tournament and qualified for the Olympic Games.

OFC Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The OFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament is a tournament held once in four years' time to decide the only qualification spot for Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and representatives at the Olympic Games. Unlike other continent, winner of OFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament does not giving away any trophy.
Baaium
Baaium (Dutch: Baijum) is a village in the Dutch province of Friesland. It is in the municipality Waadhoeke, about 15 km southwest of the city of Leeuwarden. Baaium had a population of around 118 in January 2017.

Waadhoeke
Waadhoeke is a municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. It was established 1 January 2018 and consists of the former municipalities of Franekeradeel, het Bildt, Menameradiel and parts of Littenseradiel, all four of which were dissolved on the same day.

The municipality is located in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands. Waadhoeke is bordered by Harlingen, Terschelling, Noardeast-Fryslân, Leeuwarden and Súdwest-Fryslân. The population in January 2019 was 46,133. It is Friesland's sixth most populous municipality. The largest population centre (2018 population, 12,793) is Franeker. The residents speak Dutch, West Frisian or Bildts (a dialect in the former municipality het Bildt).
Queen Elizabeth Stakes (VRC)
The Queen Elizabeth Stakes, first known as Queen's Plate (1854-1872), and then by various other names  at different times in its history (Queen's Cup, Flemington Plate, Canterbury Plate, C.B. Fisher Plate), is an Australian horse race run in Melbourne, Victoria.

It is a registered Victoria Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old and over, under quality handicap conditions, over a distance of 2,600 m (1.6 mi) at Flemington Racecourse on the last day of the VRC Spring Carnival in early November.  Total prize money is A$300,000.

Flemington Racecourse
Flemington Racecourse is a major horse racing venue located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.  It is most notable for hosting the Melbourne Cup, which is the world's richest handicap and the world's richest 3200-metre horse race.  The racecourse is situated on low alluvial flats, next to the Maribyrnong River.  The area was first used for horse racing in March 1840.
Taenia rileyi
Taenia rileyi is a tapeworm of the genus Taenia from the United States. Adults infect bobcats (Lynx rufus) and feral domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus), but larvae have been found in rodents such as the cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in Florida, and the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) in Florida and Georgia. These rodents may serve as intermediate hosts.

Eucestoda
Eucestoda is the larger of the two subclasses of flatworms in the class Cestoda (the other subclass being Cestodaria) whose members are commonly known as tapeworms. Larvae have six posterior hooks on the scolex (head), in contrast to the ten-hooked Cestodaria. All tapeworms are endoparasites of vertebrates, living in the digestive tract or related ducts. Examples are the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) with a human definitive host, and pigs as the secondary host, and Moniezia expansa, the definitive hosts of which are ruminants.