hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FAAC
FAAC (Freeware Advanced Audio Coder) is a software project which includes the AAC encoder FAAC and decoder FAAD2. It supports MPEG-2 AAC as well as MPEG-4 AAC. It supports several MPEG-4 Audio object types (LC, Main, LTP for encoding and SBR, PS, ER, LD for decoding), file formats (ADTS AAC, raw AAC, MP4), multichannel and gapless encoding/decoding and MP4 metadata tags. The encoder and decoder is compatible with standard-compliant audio applications using one or more of these object types and facilities. It also supports Digital Radio Mondiale.

FAAC and FAAD2, being distributed in C source code form, can be compiled on various platforms and are distributed free of charge. FAAD2 is free software. FAAC contains some code which is published as Free Software, but as a whole it is only distributed under a proprietary license.

FAAC was originally written by Menno Bakker.

MPEG-4
MPEG-4 is a group of international standards for the compression of digital audio and visual data, multimedia systems, and file storage formats. It was originally introduced in late 1998 as a group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG11) under the formal standard ISO/IEC 14496 – Coding of audio-visual objects. Uses of MPEG-4 include compression of audiovisual data for Internet video and CD distribution, voice (telephone, videophone) and broadcast television applications. The MPEG-4 standard was developed by a group led by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president) and Fernando Pereira.
Join (topology)
In topology, a field of mathematics, the join of two topological spaces  and , often denoted by  or , is a topological space formed by taking the disjoint union of the two spaces, and attaching line segments joining every point in  to every point in . The join of a space  with itself is denoted by . The join is defined in slightly different ways in different contexts.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Waingmaw
Waingmaw (Burmese: ဝိုင်းမော်မြို့; Shan: ဝဵင်းမႂ်ႇ; Jinghpaw: Waimaw) is a town in Kachin State. It is directly southeast of Myitkyina. As of 2014 it had a population of 21,969. Waingmaw is a Shan name meaning "new town".

Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.
Killing of Lal Chand Sohag
On 9 July 2025, Mohammad Sohag, a 39-year-old scrap dealer also known as Lal Chand, was publicly stripped, hacked, stoned to death, and his corpse stomped on in front of Mitford Hospital  in Old Dhaka, Bangladesh. The graphic nature of the killing and its circulation on social media sparked widespread public outrage and ignited debates concerning the country’s political climate, social tensions, and law and order situation.

Mitford Hospital, Dhaka
The Mitford Hospital, officially Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, is a public hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Situated in Old Dhaka area, the hospital serves as a teaching hospital of Sir Salimullah Medical College. The hospital is named after Robert Mitford, a philanthropist and British colonial officer. It was the most important medical institution, not only in Dhaka, but in the whole of East Bengal and Assam in the mid-19th century.

At present, around 750 to 800 patients avail indoor treatment from the hospital while around 1500 patients seek treatment from the out patient department of Mitford each day.
Fairfax Gill
Fairfax Gill (3 September 1883 – 1 November 1917) was an English first-class cricketer, who played two matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1906.

Born in Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, Gill was a right-handed middle order batsman, who made his debut against Derbyshire at Queen's Park, Chesterfield. He was run out for 1, and bowled by Billy Bestwick for 3, as Yorkshire won a tight game by 33 runs. His second, and final game, came against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge. He was bowled by John Gunn for 11 and then, promoted to open the innings, bowled by Albert Hallam for 3 in a drawn match, more notable for twin centuries by David Denton.

Gill also played for the Yorkshire Cricket Council in 1903, and the Yorkshire Second XI in 1906.

Gill died aged 34, in November 1917 at Wimereux, near Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in World War I.

The Wakefield Express called him "a true sportsman" who was "never carried away by success".

Billy Bestwick
William Bestwick (24 February 1875 – 2 May 1938) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire between 1898 and 1926. He was a medium-fast bowler who took over 1,400 wickets in his career, including 10 in one innings.
Fountain University
Fountain University (FUO) is a private university in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, established to provide education grounded in Islamic principles.

Originally established as the University of Nasrul-lahi-li Fatih Society by the Nasrul-lahi-li Fatih (NASFAT) Society on May 17, 2007, the university currently comprises five colleges: the College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, the College of Natural and Applied Sciences, the College of Management and Social Sciences, the College of Law, and the College of Arts. Proposals for Colleges of Engineering and Education are under consideration.

The university also hosts a School of Postgraduate Studies offering active programs for postgraduate diplomas, master's degrees, and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programs.

Osogbo
Osogbo // ⓘ (also known as Oṣogbo, and seldomly as Oshogbo) is a city in Nigeria. It became the capital city of Osun State in 1991. Osogbo city seats the Headquarters of both Osogbo Local Government Area (situated at Oke-Baale Area of the city) and Olorunda Local Government Area (situated at Igbonna Area of the city). It is some 88 kilometers by road northeast of Ibadan. It is also 108 kilometres (67 mi) by road south of Ilorin (capital and largest city of Kwara State) and 108 kilometres (67 mi) northwest of Akure. Osogbo shares boundaries with Ikirun, Ilesa, Ede, Egbedore, Ogbomosho and Iragbiji and it is easily accessible from any part of the state because of its central nature. It is about 48 km from Ife, 32 km from Ilesa, 46 km from Iwo, 48 km from Ikire and 46 km from Ila-Orangun; the city had a population of about 200,000  people and an approximate land area of 126 km. The postal code of the area is 230. The current chairman of the council is Onibonokuta Saheed M.
2004 US Open – Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2004 US Open. It was his first US Open title and fourth major title overall. He was the first man to capture the Australian Open, Wimbledon Championships, and US Open in a season since Jimmy Connors in 1974. With the win, he became the tenth man to win three majors in a calendar year.

Andy Roddick was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Joachim Johansson.

This marked the final major singles appearances of Todd Martin and Wayne Ferreira, the latter of whom made a record 56th consecutive major singles appearance.

2004 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Defending champion Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon title and third major title overall. This tournament marked the beginning of Federer's record streak of 23 consecutive major semifinals and 36 consecutive major quarterfinals (in which he made 20 finals and won 14 titles). The final was a rematch of the previous year's semifinal.

This tournament marked the final professional appearance of 2001 champion and former world No. 2 Goran Ivanišević. He lost in the third round to 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt. Wayne Ferreira made his 55th consecutive main draw major appearance, surpassing Stefan Edberg's all-time record.

This was the third year in Wimbledon history, after 1991 and 1997, that there was play on the Middle Sunday, due to bad weather in the first week.
Olmeca fulgor
Aulonemia fulgor is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is a bamboo native to Veracruz and Oaxaca states in southern Mexico. It is found mainly in North America.

The species was first described as Aulonemia fuller by Thomas Robert Soderstrom in 1988. In 2011 Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez, Victoria Sosa, and M.Teresa Mejía-Saulés placed the species in genus Olmeca as O. fulgor.

Olmeca
Olmeca is a genus of Mesoamerican bamboo in the grass family.

Olmeca is the only known New World bamboo having large fleshy fruits. It also has rhizomes with long necks and very open clumps.

The genus is named for the Olmec peoples of southern Mexico, who thrived in southern Mexico in the first millennium BCE.

Species

Olmeca clarkiae (Davidse & R.W.Pohl) Ruiz-Sanchez, Sosa & Mejía-Saulés - Chiapas, Honduras

Olmeca fulgor (Soderstr.) Ruiz-Sanchez - Oaxaca

Olmeca recta Soderstr. - Veracruz

Olmeca reflexa Soderstr. - Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas

Olmeca zapotecorum Ruiz-Sanchez, Sosa & Mejía-Saulés - Oaxaca
Rassa Railroad
The Rassa Railroad was a horse-drawn tramroad in south Wales, running between Sirhowy Ironworks and Beaufort Ironworks, with connections also to the Trefil Rail Road and the Ebbw Vale Ironworks.  It was later served with a tram engine.

Wagonway
A wagonway (or waggonway; also known as a horse-drawn railway, or horse-drawn railroad) was a method of railway transportation that preceded the steam locomotive and used horses to haul wagons. The terms plateway and tramway were also used. The advantage of wagonways was that far bigger loads could be transported with the same power compared to horse haulage along roads.
Stage Struck (1917 film)
Stage Struck is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Edward Morrissey and starring Dorothy Gish. It was produced by Fine Arts Films and distributed through Triangle Film Corporation.

A copy survives in the Library of Congress collection and Cinemateca Brasileira, São Paulo, Brazil.

Triangle Film Corporation
Triangle Film Corporation (also known as Triangle Motion Picture Company) was a major American motion-picture studio, founded in July 1915 in Culver City, California and terminated 7 years later in 1922.
NEW Party (Mongolia)
NEW Party (Mongolian: ШИНЭ Нам, romanized: SHINE Nam, abbr. ШН), formerly the Citizens’ Coalition for Justice Party (Mongolian: Шударга Иргэдийн Нэгдсэн Эвсэл Нам, romanized: Shudarga Irgediin Negdsen Evsel Nam, abbr. ШИНЭН) is a political party in Mongolia. The party was founded on 6 June 2019, amidst the 2019 anti-government protests, and was officially registered by the Supreme Court of Mongolia in September.

The NEW Party emerged as a big-tent political organization, comprising many social movements, non-governmental organizations, and opposition forces against the political establishment dominated by the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) and Democratic Party (DP).

Mongolian Latin alphabet
The Mongolian Latin script was officially adopted in Mongolia in 1931. In 1939, a second version of the Latin alphabet was introduced but not widely used, and was replaced by the Cyrillic script in 1941.
Abba Estifanos of Gwendagwende
Abba ʼEsṭifānos of Gunda Gunde  (Ge'ez: አባ እስጢፋኖስ, c. 1380-1394 – c. 1450s) was a prominent 15th-century Ethiopian Christian monk, religious reformer and martyr from Tigray. Founder of the Stephanite movement, he is one of the most controversial religious figures in late medieval Ethiopian Christianity. Active during the reign of Emperor Zara Yaqob (r. 1434–1468), Estifanos is known for his strict asceticism, his rejection of certain widespread religious practices, and his unwavering emphasis on Scripture over ecclesiastical tradition. Though condemned as a heretic by imperial and clerical authorities, he attracted a dedicated following and left behind a body of teachings preserved in his Geʽez hagiography, the Acts of Abba Estifanos.

Long after his death, he remains a controversial yet influential figure in Ethiopian religious history and his ideas have remained the subject of both theological dispute and historical interest within and beyond Ethiopia.

Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

Within each religion, these texts are revered as authoritative sources of guidance, wisdom, and divine revelation. They are often regarded as sacred or holy, representing the core teachings and principles that their followers strive to uphold.
Mocksville, North Carolina
Mocksville is a town in Davie County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,927 at the 2020 census. I-40 leads west to Statesville and Hickory, and east to Winston-Salem and Greensboro. Route 64 heads east to Lexington, and west towards Statesville and Taylorsville. It is the county seat of Davie County.

Taylorsville, North Carolina
Taylorsville is a town in Alexander County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,320 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Alexander County.

Taylorsville is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Battle of Fort Oswego
The Battle of Fort Oswego was one in a series of early French victories in the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War won in spite of New France's military vulnerability.  During the week of August 10, 1756, a force of regulars and Canadian militia under General Montcalm captured and occupied the British fortifications at Fort Oswego, located at the site of present-day Oswego, New York.

In addition to 1,700 prisoners, Montcalm's force seized the fort's 121 cannons. The fall of Fort Oswego effectively interrupted the British presence on Lake Ontario and removed it as a threat to the nearby French-controlled Fort Frontenac. The battle was notable for demonstrating that traditional European siege tactics were viable in North America when applied properly in the right circumstances and terrain.

Bateau
A bateau or batteau is a shallow-draft, flat-bottomed boat which was used extensively across North America, especially in the colonial period and in the fur trade. It was traditionally pointed at both ends but came in a wide variety of sizes. The name derives from the French word, bateau, which is simply the word for boat and the plural, bateaux, follows the French, an unusual construction for an English plural. In the southern United States, the term is still used to refer to flat-bottomed boats, including those elsewhere called johnboats.
Rhiwbach Tramway
The Rhiwbach Tramway was a Welsh industrial, 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gauge railway connecting the remote slate quarries east of Blaenau Ffestiniog with the Ffestiniog Railway. It was in use by 1862, and remained so until progressively closed between 1956 and 1976. The route included three inclines, one of which became the last operational gravity incline in the North Wales slate industry. The tramway was worked by horses and gravity for much of its existence, but a diesel locomotive was used to haul wagons on the top section between 1953 and its closure in 1961.

Penmachno
Penmachno is a village in the isolated upland Machno valley, 4 miles (6 km) south of Betws-y-Coed in the county of Conwy, North Wales. The B4406 road runs through part of the village. The village is at the confluence of the Glasgwm and Machno rivers. It has a five-arched, stone bridge dating from 1785. The village has been referred to as Pennant Machno, Llandudclyd and Llan dutchyd in historical sources.

According to the 2011 census, the population of the Bro Machno community (which also includes the village of Cwm Penmachno, about 5 km south west) was 617, of whom 342 (55%) were able to speak Welsh and 214 (34%) had no skills in Welsh.
Lina Hurtig
Lina Mona Andréa Hurtig (Swedish: [ˈlîːna ˈmôːna anˈdrêːa ˈhɵ̌ʈːɪɡ]; born 5 September 1995) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian Serie A club Fiorentina and the Sweden national team.

2017 Damallsvenskan
The 2017 Damallsvenskan was the 29th season of the Swedish women's association football top division, Damallsvenskan. It began on 16 April 2017, and ended on 12 November. Linköpings FC were the defending champions, having won the competition in 2016.

On 29 October 2017, the winner of Damallsvenskan was settled, when Linköpings FC, in a goalless game against Kvarnsvedens IK, netted one point in the league table and gained an impregnable lead with two remaining rounds against main rival and closest competitor FC Rosengård. Thus Linköping successfully defended their title from last year.
Kisaburo Osawa
Kisaburo Osawa (Japanese: 大澤喜三郎, Hepburn: Ōsawa Kisaburō; 1910 – May 26, 1991) was an influential aikido teacher who taught for many years at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo and was a close advisor to Kisshomaru Ueshiba Dōshu.

Kisshomaru Ueshiba
Kisshomaru Ueshiba (植芝 吉祥丸, Ueshiba Kisshōmaru; June 27, 1921 – January 4, 1999) was a Japanese teacher of aikido. He was the son of Morihei Ueshiba. After his father's death in 1969, he became the 2nd Dōshu.
Hassler Whitney
Hassler Whitney (March 23, 1907 – May 10, 1989) was an American mathematician. He was one of the founders of singularity theory, and did foundational work in manifolds, embeddings, immersions, characteristic classes and,  geometric integration theory.

The American Mathematical Monthly
The American Mathematical Monthly is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics. It was established by Benjamin Finkel in 1894 and is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Mathematical Association of America. It is an expository journal intended for a wide audience of mathematicians, from undergraduate students to research professionals. Articles are chosen on the basis of their broad interest and reviewed and edited for quality of exposition as well as content. The editor-in-chief is Annalisa Crannell.
The journal gives the Lester R. Ford Award annually to "authors of articles of expository excellence" published in the journal.
Blackall and Yaraka Branch Railways
The Blackall and Yaraka Branch Railways are railway lines in Central West Queensland, Australia. The former branch connected the small town of Jericho on the Central Western railway line with Blackall and the latter branch connected Blackall to the even smaller town of Yaraka. Blackall was named after Sir Samuel Wensley Blackall who from 1868 to 1871 was the second Governor of Queensland.

Central Western railway line
The Central Western railway line is a railway line in Queensland, Australia. It was opened in a series of sections between 1867 and 1928. It commences at Rockhampton and extends west 863 kilometres (536 mi) to Winton.
Palermo, Buenos Aires
Palermo is a barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located in the north of the city, near the Río de la Plata.

It has a total land area of 17.4 km2 and a population of 249,016. It is the only barrio within the administrative division of Comuna 14.

Palermo is perhaps best known as the polo capital of the world. Each year, in November, the city hosts the Argentine Polo Open, commonly known as the Palermo Open.

Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo
The Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo is a horse racing course located in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and one of the most important in the country, hosting 120 days of racing and 1,400 races every year. Races are hosted three days a week, with about nine races per racing day. The property is open to the public free of charge twenty-four hours a day.

Its dirt course is considered one of the best in the world, and the track is one of the most modern in South America.

The Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo also hosts music concerts, attracting twenty to twenty-five thousand attendants, and culinary fairs, attracting ten to twenty thousand attendants. Musicians that have played include Alejandro Sanz, Fito Paez, Lisandro Aristimuño, Divididos, David Bisbal, Katy Perry, Maroon 5, Måneskin and TINI. These events are hosted in the hippodrome park (parque hipódromo), in the middle of the track. Adidas also hosts running training events at the park.
Opaoca River
The  Opaoca River is a tributary of Olga Lake (Waswanipi River), in Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, Canadian province of Quebec, in Canada.

The course of the river successively crosses the townships of Bourbaux, Berthiaume, Noyelles, Le Tardif, Comporte and Pouchot.

The hydrographic slope of the Opaoca River is served by various forest roads including the R1026 road (North-South direction). The northern route from Matagami passing at 19.4 kilometres (12.1 mi) to the northwest of the mouth of the Opaoca River. The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Bell River (Quebec)
The Bell River is a tributary of the south shore of Lake Matagami, which flows into the Nottaway River, a tributary of Rupert Bay. The Bell River flows into the Abitibi-Témiscamingue and Eeyou Istchee Baie-James regions in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

The surface of the river is generally frozen from mid-November to mid-May. The Bell River runs through the Réserve de biodiversité projetée du Lac Taibi (translation: "Lake Taibi Proposed Biodiversity Reserve"), located between the confluence of the Baptiste River and the confluence of the Indians River (Bell River).
Ernst May
Ernst Georg May (27 July 1886 – 11 September 1970) was a German architect and city planner.

May successfully applied urban design techniques to the city of Frankfurt am Main during the Weimar Republic period, and in 1930 less successfully exported those ideas to Soviet Union cities, newly created under Stalinist rule. It is said May's "brigade" of German architects and planners established twenty cities in three years, including Magnitogorsk. May's travels left him stateless when the Nazis seized power in Germany, and he spent many years in African exile before returning to West Germany near the end of his life.

New Frankfurt
New Frankfurt (German: Neues Frankfurt) was an affordable public housing program in Frankfurt started in 1925 and completed in 1930. It was also the name of the accompanying magazine that was published from 1926 to 1931 dedicated to international trends in architecture, art, housing and education.