hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Da Capo (EP)
Da Capo is the seventh and final extended play by South Korean girl group April and their first one since 2018's The Ruby. It was released on April 22, 2020, by DSP Media and distributed by Kakao M. The EP features six tracks, including the lead single "Lalalilala" and the previously released CD-only track "Matter of Time", which is a duet between members Naeun and Jinsol. The physical album is available in two versions: "Glitter" and "Suit", making it the group's first release with more than one version. The EP marks the group's second to last release prior to their disbandment  on January 28, 2022.

The Ruby
The Ruby is the sixth extended play by South Korean girl group April. It was released on October 16, 2018, by DSP Media. The EP was supported by the "retro" lead single "Oh! My Mistake". The Ruby debuted and peaked at number 10 on the Gaon Album Chart.
Campsa (Macedonia)
Campsa or Kampsa (Ancient Greek: Κάμψα) was an ancient Greek polis (city-state) in the Chalcidice, ancient Macedonia. It is cited by Herodotus as one of the cities—together with Lipaxus, Combreia, Lisaea, Gigonus, Smila, Aeneia—located in the vicinity of the Thermaic Gulf, in a region called Crusis near the peninsula of Pallene where Xerxes recruited troops in his expedition of the year 480 BCE against Greece.

Other names borne by the city were Scapsa or Skapsa (Σκάψα), under which name it appears on Athenian tribute lists from 452/1 BCE, and Capsa or Kapsa (Κάψα). The city was a member of the Chalcidian League.

Its site is unlocated, but is sometimes considered to be near the silver mines 12 miles E-S-E of Thessaloniki.

Aenea (city)
Aenea (/əˈniːə/; Ancient Greek: Αἴνεια, Aineia) was an ancient Greek city in northwesternmost Chalcidice, said to have been founded by Aeneas, and was situated, according to Livy, opposite Pydna, and 15 miles from Thessalonica. It appears to have stood on the promontory of Megalo Embolo, which forms the northwest corner of the peninsula of Chalcidice, and which, being about 10 geographical miles in direct distance from Thessalonica, may be identified with the promontory Aeneium of Pseudo-Scymnus. Aeneia must therefore have been further north than Pydna.

It was colonised by the Corinthians. It is mentioned by Herodotus, and continued to be a place of importance down to the time of the Roman wars in Greece, although we are told that a great part of its population was removed to Thessalonica, when the latter city was founded by Cassander. The city minted coins in antiquity, some of which survive today.

The site of Aenea is located near modern Michaniona.
NGC 275
NGC 275 is a barred spiral galaxy located approximately 63 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It is one of a pair of galaxies, the other being NGC 274. It was discovered on October 9, 1828, by John Herschel.

The galaxy was described as "very faint, small, round, southeastern of 2" by John Dreyer in the New General Catalogue, with the other of the two galaxies being NGC 274.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Robert E. Bourdeau
Robert Eugene Bourdeau (February 1, 1922 – March 5, 2010) was an American physicist known for major contributions to the study of the ionosphere, plasma physics and radio science using space vehicles including satellites and rockets.  Among his many achievements was the launch on November 3, 1960, of Explorer 8 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.  This occurred during his 16-year career at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).  He was both Project Manager and Project Scientist for Explorer 8 which added significant knowledge to the understanding of these fields.

Prior to his career at NASA Bourdeau worked at the Naval Research Laboratory and participated in the historic post-war V-2 rocket program at the White Sands Proving Ground.  There he began his research into the ionosphere.  After the V-2 program ended around 1946, Bourdeau concentrated mainly on Department of Defense classified research that included studies of atmospheric electricity.

Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (OGO) Program of NASA refers to the six satellites launched by the United States that were in use from September 1964 to 1972, designed to study the Earth's magnetosphere. The satellites successfully studied the interactions between the Earth and the Sun, despite a number of technical problems. Each satellite had 20 to 25 instruments. The project manager for all 6 OGO projects was Wilfred Scull.
49 Aurigae
49 Aurigae is a single star located 680 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.26. The star is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +17 km/s, having come to within 149 ly some 5.5 million years ago. It is positioned near the ecliptic and thus is subject to lunar occultations.

This object is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A0 Vnn, where the 'n' notation indicates "nebulous" lines due to rapid rotation. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 149 km/s. This star has around 4.2 times the radius of the Sun and is radiating 143 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,782 K.

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Thatcher Magoun (clipper)
The Thatcher Magoun was an extreme clipper launched in 1855. She was built in shipyards on the Mystic River at Medford, Massachusetts by shipbuilder Thatcher Magoun. Magoun died the year she was launched, and the ship was named after him.

Noting that the ship's figurehead resembled Magoun, in his book published in 1937, Hall Gleason described the ship, saying "Her figurehead was a life-like image of the father of ship building on the Mystic".

Extreme clipper
An extreme clipper was a clipper designed to sacrifice cargo capacity for speed. They had a bow lengthened above the water, a drawing out and sharpening of the forward body, and the greatest breadth further aft. In the United States, extreme clippers were built in the period 1845 to 1855. British-built extreme clippers include vessels built over the period 1854 to 1870 (Annandale to e.g. Norman Court).: 173–4, 253
José Miguel Moreno
José Miguel Moreno (Madrid, 1946) is a Spanish specialist of historical plucked string instruments, such as the vihuela, lute, theorbo, and guitars. In 1977 he won the First Prize of the Incontri Chitarristici di Gargnano (Italy) and later many awards for his recordings. He has undertaken recordings and live concerts with the renowned ensemble "Hesperion XX" and Jordi Savall as well as with his own formations La Romanesca and Orphenica Lyra - after the book Orphénica Lyra (1554) of Miguel de Fuenllana. He is also, with his brother violist Emilio Moreno, co-founder of the Spanish classical music label Glossa Music.

Jordi Savall
Jordi Savall i Bernadet (Catalan: [ˈʒɔɾði səˈβaʎ i βəɾnəˈðɛt]; born 1 August 1941) is a Spanish conductor, composer and viol player. He has been one of the major figures in the field of Western early music since the 1970s, largely responsible for popularizing the viol family of instruments (notably the viola da gamba) in contemporary performance and recording. As a historian of early music his repertoire features everything from medieval, Renaissance and Baroque through to the Classical and Romantic periods. He has incorporated non-western musical traditions in his work including African vernacular music for a documentary on slavery.
Wellesbourne
Wellesbourne is a large village in the civil parish of Wellesbourne and Walton, in the county of Warwickshire, in the West Midlands region of England. In the 2021 census the parish had a population of 7,283, a significant increase from 5,849 In the 2011 census. The civil parish was renamed from Wellesbourne to Wellesbourne and Walton on 1 April 2014.

Wellesbourne sits on the A429 road, and is located around 7 miles (11 km) south of Warwick and 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Stratford-upon-Avon. Nearby villages include Loxley, Hampton Lucy, Charlecote, Walton and Kineton.

Hampton Lucy
Hampton Lucy is a village and civil parish on the River Avon, 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire England. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 census was 566.
Agnes of the Palatinate
Agnes of the Palatinate (1201–1267) was a daughter of Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, of the House of Welf, by his first wife Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter and heiress of Conrad of Hohenstaufen, Count Palatine of the Rhine. She married Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria.

House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians.
Watson Academy
Watson Academy is a historic school building on Academy Street in Epping, New Hampshire, United States.  Built in 1883, it is the only known surviving Queen Anne style school building in southern New Hampshire.  The building, which served as Epping's high school until 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Epping, New Hampshire
Epping is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 7,125 at the 2020 census, up from 6,411 at the 2010 census.

The main village, where 2,693 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Epping census-designated place (CDP), along New Hampshire Route 27 just west of New Hampshire Route 125.
The Medusa and the Snail
The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher is a 1979 collection of essays by the American science writer Lewis Thomas. It was published by Viking Press in 1979 and reissued by Penguin Books in 1995. Most of the essays in the book had first appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. It is Thomas's second collection of short essays after Lives of a Cell.

The title essay is about the relationship between Nudibranch sea slug and the medusa of a jellyfish that inhabit the Bay of Naples. It explores how the relationship between the two creatures can be seen as illustrating the impossibility of understanding the notion of the self.

The book also includes the essay "On Transcendental Metaworry" which discusses enlightenment and worrying.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Eocronartium
Eocronartium muscicola is a species of fungus belonging to the order Platygloeales. It is currently the only species in the monotypic genus Eocronartium. In the UK its recommended English name is moss rust. The species forms clavarioid basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on mosses, on which it is parasitic.

At least 21 moss species, all in the subclass Bryidae, are recorded as hosts for Eocronartium muscicola. The fungus parasitizes its host through its gametophytic transfer cells. The species appears to be widespread, with most reports from Europe, North and South America.

Platygloeales
The Platygloeales are an order of fungi in the class Pucciniomycetes. Species in the order have auricularioid basidia (tubular with lateral septa) and are typically plant parasites on mosses, ferns, and angiosperms, though Platygloea species appear to be saprotrophic.
1865 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1865, Republican John Blake Rice defeated Democratic incumbent Francis Cornwall Sherman by a landslide 33% margin of victory.

The election was held on April 18, only four days after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Originally, Democrat Leonard Rothgerber had been one of the candidates running. However, in the aftermath of the assassination of the Republican president, the shaken public had come to coalesce in support of Republican mayoral candidate Rice. Sensing this, Democratic candidate Leonard Rothgerber withdrew from the race and declared that there was a need for the nation to stand united. As a gesture of gratitude, Rice reimbursed Rothgerber's campaign expenses.

While he remained on the ballot, Sherman also all-but-withdrew from the race as well in the aftermath of Lincoln's assassination.

Rice was a "Reform" Republican.

This was the last of four mayoral elections that Chicago held during the course of the American Civil War.

Mayoral elections in Chicago
Chicago has held regularly scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Chicago currently holds regularly scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.
Crenaticaulis
Crenaticaulis was an early genus of slender, dichotomously branching, leafless land plants, known from the Devonian period and first described in 1969.  They were probably allied to the zosterophylls, and are assigned to subdivision Zosterophyllophytina, or class Zosterophyllopsida. They bore branches and scalariform tracheids.

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Crenaticaulis in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Hao and Xue in 2013 used the absence of terminal sporangia to place the genus in the family Gosslingiaceae in the paraphyletic order Gosslingiales, a group considered to have indeterminate growth, with fertile branches generally showing circinate vernation (initially curled up). Kenrick and Crane in 1997 placed the genus in the family Sawdoniaceae in the order Sawdoniales.

Gosslingiaceae
Gosslingiaceae is a family of extinct zosterophylls. The zosterophylls were among the first vascular plants in the fossil record, and are considered to share an ancestor with the living lycophytes. The family is variously placed in the order Sawdoniales or the order Gosslingiales.
School Khanoana
School Khanoana (Punjabi: سکول کھانوآنا, Urdu: سکول کھانوآنہ) is a village of Bhawana located on the Jhang-Chiniot road, in Punjab, Pakistan. It is named after the Sial (tribe) "Khanoana" residents of the area of Jhang, Chiniot and Bhawana. Talib Hussain Dard, a Punjabi folk singer, was born in this village.

Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi / Urdu: جھنگ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱəŋɡ]) is the capital city of Jhang District in central Punjab, Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, it is the 14th most populous city in Pakistan.
Rashed Chowdhury
Rashed Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi military official who is a retired Bangladesh Army officer. Chowdhury was a participant in the coup that led to the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur, the founding president of Bangladesh, in 1975. His specific role in the coup is in dispute.

After the coup, the new constitution granted him and other conspirators immunity and he went on to work as a diplomat for the Bangladesh government. After Sheikh Hasina's election in 1996, he travelled to the United States and requested asylum which was granted. He has been convicted and sentenced to death in absentia and the Bangladesh government is seeking his extradition.

Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present. In absentia is Latin for "in (the) absence". Its interpretation varies by jurisdiction and legal system.

In common law legal systems, the phrase is more than a spatial description. In these systems, it suggests a recognition of a violation of a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial. Conviction in a trial in which a defendant is not present to answer the charges is held to be a violation of natural justice. Specifically, it violates the second principle of natural justice, audi alteram partem (hear the other party).

In some civil law legal systems, such as that of Italy, absentia is a recognized and accepted defense strategy. Such trials may require the presence of the defendant's lawyer, depending on the country.
2022 Adelaide International 1 – Men's doubles
Rohan Bopanna and Ramkumar Ramanathan defeated Ivan Dodig and Marcelo Melo in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–1 to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2022 Adelaide International 1.

Máximo González and Fabrice Martin were the reigning champions from when the tournament was last held in 2020, but chose to compete in the ATP Cup instead.

2020 Adelaide International – Men's doubles
Máximo González and Fabrice Martin defeated Ivan Dodig and Filip Polášek in the final, 7–6(14–12), 6–3, to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2020 Adelaide International. This was the first edition of the event.
City of Parramatta
The City of Parramatta, also known as Parramatta Council, is a local government area located to the west and north-west of Sydney CBD in the Greater Western Sydney region. Parramatta Council is situated between the City of Ryde and Cumberland, where the Cumberland Plain meets the Hornsby Plateau, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. The city occupies an area of 84 square kilometres (32 sq mi) spanning across suburbs in Greater Western Sydney including the Hills District, and a small section of Northern Sydney to the far north east of its area. According to the 2021 census, City of Parramatta had an estimated population of 256,729. The city houses the Parramatta central business district which is one of the key suburban employment destinations for the region of Greater Western Sydney.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
Guilherme Marinato
Guilherme Alvim Marinato (Russian: Гилье́рми Алви́н Марина́ту; born 12 December 1985) or simply Guilherme (Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡiˈʎɛʁmi]) is а former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Brazil, he represented the Russia national team.

FC Lokomotiv Moscow
FC Lokomotiv Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб "Локомотив" Москва, romanized: Futbol'nyy klub "Lokomotiv" Moskva, IPA: [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklup ləkəmɐˈtʲif mɐˈskva]) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Lokomotiv have won the Russian Premier League on three occasions; the Soviet Cup twice; and the Russian Cup a record nine times. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Club Association suspended all Russian teams from participation in international competition.
Wickramasinghapura
Wickramasinghapura (Sinhala: වික්‍රමසිංහපුර, Tamil: விக்கிரமசிங்கபுர) or Wickramasinghepura is a suburb located within Battaramulla in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. It is a suburb of Colombo attached to the Kaduwela Municipal Council. Wickramasinghapura is located in between Pelawatte and Thalawathugoda. Independent Television Network (ITN) is located in Wickramasinghapura.

On a clear day, Adam's Peak is visible from Wickramasinghapura which is located almost on the west coast of Sri Lanka, as it is one of the tallest hills in the Colombo District.

Kaduwela, Western Province
Kaduwela (Sinhala: කඩුවෙල, Tamil: கடுவெலை) is the largest city in Sri Lanka by land area, covering 87.71 km2 (33.87 sq mi). The city is composed of three divisions called Kaduwela, Battaramulla and Athurugiriya and is located in the Colombo District, Western Province, Sri Lanka. Kaduwela Town (located in Kaduwela Division) is located about 16 km (9.9 mi) from the Colombo city centre on the Colombo - Avissawella Old Road (Low Level Road) and about 18 km (11 mi) from Kollupitiya on the New Kandy Road from Ethulkotte to Kandy.
Dehri-on-Sone railway station
Dehri-on-Sone railway station (station code: DOS) is on the Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section of the Grand Chord line. It stands next to the Nehru Setu and serves Dehri and the surrounding areas in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located on the banks of Son river, a tributary of river Ganges.

Dehri
Dehri (also spelled as Dehree) also known as Dehri-on-Sone is a Nagar parishad and corresponding community development block in Rohtas district in the state of Bihar, India. Situated on the banks of Sone River, Dehri is a railway hub, and is adjoining Dalmianagar that used to be an industrial town.
Allograph
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol.

Code point
A code point, codepoint or code position is a particular position in a table, where the position has been assigned a meaning. The table may be one dimensional (a column), two dimensional (like cells in a spreadsheet), three dimensional (sheets in a workbook), etc... in any number of dimensions.

Technically, a code point is a unique position in a quantized n-dimensional space, where the position has been assigned a semantic meaning. The table has discrete (whole) and positive positions (1, 2, 3, 4, but not fractions).

Code points are used in a multitude of formal information processing and telecommunication standards. For example ITU-T Recommendation T.35 contains a set of country codes for telecommunications equipment (originally fax machines) which allow equipment to indicate its country of manufacture or operation. In T.35, Argentina is represented by the code point 0x07, Canada by 0x20, Gambia by 0x41, etc.