hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massacre of the Slavníks
The Massacre of the Slavníks was an act of violence during which Bohemian nobles of Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia slaughtered the members of the competing Slavník dynasty in Libice on 28 September 995. Only Soběslav, Adalbert, and their stepbrother Radim survived. According to older sources, this act was considered to be the event that brought about the founding of the Duchy of Bohemia. Other similar instances are reported during this same period of foundation, but no archaeological evidence of them exists.

Adalbert of Prague
Adalbert of Prague (Latin: Sanctus Adalbertus, Czech: svatý Vojtěch, Slovak: svätý Vojtech, Polish: święty Wojciech, Hungarian: Szent Adalbert (Béla); c. 956 – 23 April 997), known in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia by his birth name Vojtěch (Latin: Voitecus), was a Czech missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn Hospodine, pomiluj ny and Bogurodzica, the oldest known Polish anthem but his authorship of them has not been confirmed.

Adalbert was later declared the patron saint of the Czech Republic, Poland, and the Duchy of Prussia. He is also the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Esztergom in Hungary.
Uly-Zhylanshyk
The Uly-Zhylanshyk (Kazakh: Ұлы Жыланшық; Russian: Улы-Жыланшык) is a river in Kazakhstan. It is 277 kilometres (172 mi) long and has a catchment area of 26,100 square kilometres (10,100 sq mi).

It is one of the rivers of the Turgay Depression, flowing across the Amangeldi and Zhangeldi districts of the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. Its waters are used for irrigation.

Kostanay Region
Kostanay Region (Kazakh: Қостанай облысы, romanized: Qostanai oblysy) is a region of Kazakhstan. Its administrative center is the city of Kostanay.  The population of the region is 835,686.  The population living in Kostanay is 207,000, which is equivalent to 23% of the region.
Radisson Blu Edwardian Vanderbilt Hotel
Radisson Blu Edwardian Vanderbilt Hotel is a boutique hotel at 68–86 Cromwell Road in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, central London. The hotel, located in a Grade II listed terrace of white stucco townhouses, contains 215 rooms and is part of the Radisson Blu Edwardian chain. The Scoff & Banter Kensington restaurant is situated on the ground floor.

Boutique hotel
Boutique hotels are small-capacity hotels that provide more personalized service than typical hotels. They typically have fewer than a hundred rooms, and are considered more "trendy" and "intimate", often due to their location in urban areas. They will usually also display a strong sense of aesthetic, and have a unique, un-homogenized character. They may be themed too, such as by having a focus on nature, environment, cuisine, history, community and cultural immersion, attentive service, or well-being.
Mozart's compositional method
Scholars have long studied how Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart created his works. Nineteenth-century views on this topic were often based on a romantic, mythologizing conception of the process of composition. More recent scholarship addresses this issue by systematically examining authenticated letters and documents, and has arrived at rather different conclusions.

Ulrich Konrad
Ulrich Aloysius Konrad (born 14 August 1957) is a German musicologist and professor at the Institute for Music Research of the University of Würzburg. He is considered an expert on European music of the 17th to 20th centuries, especially the works of  Mozart, Robert Schumann, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. He wrote a biography, Wolfgang Amadé Mozart, and studied the composer's sketches.
Joyce Anelay, Baroness Anelay of St Johns
Joyce Anne Anelay, Baroness Anelay of St Johns, DBE PC FRSA (born 17 July 1947), is a British Conservative Party politician, previously serving as Minister of State of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from August 2014 to June 2017. Anelay was appointed as Minister of State at the Department for Exiting the European Union in the Second May ministry, after the 2017 reshuffle.

Anelay was Government Chief Whip in the House of Lords from 12 May 2010 until 6 August 2014, having previously been Opposition Chief Whip prior to the 2010 general election.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Curve (theatre)
Curve, also known as Curve Theatre, is a theatre in Leicester, England, based in the cultural quarter in Leicester City Centre. Previously, it had been called Leicester Performing Arts Centre. It is adjacent to the Leicester Athena conference and banqueting centre.

Leicester Athena
Athena is a Grade II-listed events venue in the cultural quarter of Leicester City Centre, England. Built originally as an Odeon Cinema in 1936, it closed for most of the 1990s and remained vacant up until 2005, where the building was restored as a multi-discipline events venue.
Ghost Light (2018 film)
Ghost Light is a 2018 American comedy horror film directed by John Stimpson and written by Stimpson and Geoffrey Taylor. Starring Roger Bart, Tom Riley, Shannyn Sossamon, Danielle Campbell, Carol Kane, and Cary Elwes, the film follows a travelling Shakespeare troupe whose production of Macbeth falls victim to the play's superstitious curse. The title of the film refers to the electric light left on stage while a theater is unoccupied.

Macbeth (character)
Lord Macbeth, the Thane of Glamis and quickly the Thane of Cawdor, is the title character and main protagonist in William Shakespeare's Macbeth (c. 1603–1607). The character is loosely based on the historical king Macbeth of Scotland and is derived largely from the account in Holinshed's Chronicles (1577), a compilation of British history.

A Scottish noble and an initially valiant military man, Macbeth, after a supernatural prophecy and the urging of his wife, Lady Macbeth, commits regicide, usurping the kingship of Scotland. He thereafter lives in anxiety and fear, unable to rest or to trust his nobles. He leads a reign of terror until defeated by his former ally Macduff. The throne is then restored to the rightful heir, the murdered King Duncan's son, Malcolm.
History of Red Star Belgrade
The history of Red Star Belgrade's football team began with its establishment by a committee of Yugoslav Communists on 4 March 1945. Slobodan Penezić supervised the committee which founded Red Star, composed largely of communist veterans from World War II. This was in contrast to Partizan, as it was founded by high-ranking generals and members of the Yugoslav People's Army.

Vladimir Petrović
Vladimir Petrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Петровић, pronounced [ʋlǎdimiːr pětroʋitɕ]; born 1 July 1955) is a Serbian football manager and former player.

He is widely known domestically by his nickname Pižon (Serbian: Пижон), after the French for pigeon.
Mare Jonio (rescue ship)
The ship Mare Jonio was originally constructed as a tugboat in 1972. Operating on behalf of Mediterranea Saving Humans (MSH), Mare Jonio has been active in a Search and Rescue (SAR) role rescuing shipwrecked refugees in the Mediterranean Sea since October 2018.

The project also has the support of the German association Sea-Watch and the Spanish Proactiva Open Arms. The ship is owned by Alessandro Metz through Idra Social Shipping SRL and is managed by Augustea Imprese Marittime e di Salvataggi SpA of Genoa, Italy; Mare Jonio sails under the Italian flag.

Sea-Watch
Sea-Watch is a German non-governmental organisation that operates in the Mediterranean Sea, notably by commissioning reconnaissance aircraft to find boats potentially in distress and ships to rescue their occupants.
Institute of Public Accountants
The Institute of Public Accountants (IPA) is one of the three legally recognised professional bodies for accountants in Australia. The IPA represents more than 25,000 voting members working in industry, commerce, government, academia and professional practice.

The organisation rebranded from its previous title, the National Institute of Accountants (NIA), on 2 May 2011.

In 2012, the IPA was ranked 19th in the BRW Most Innovative Companies list.

The IPA launched a digital hub in early 2013.

Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) is a global professional management accounting body, based in the United Kingdom. CIMA offers training and qualification in management accounting and related subjects. It is focused on accountants working in industry and provides ongoing support and training for members.

CIMA is one of the professional associations for accountants in the UK and Ireland. Its particular emphasis is on developing the management accounting profession. CIMA is the largest and the oldest management accounting body in the world, with over 229,000 members and students worldwide.

The Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) qualification has the academic standing of a master's degree in the UK (recognised at Level 7 by NARIC).
Fusulinoidea
The Fusulinoidea is a superfamily in the Fusulinida in which the test is spherical, discoida, or fusiform; commonly coiled, less often uncoiling in the late stage, numerous chambers per whorl; test wall of microgranular calcite (as for the order) in one to four layers. Tunnels or secondary foramina may result from partial resorption  and secondary deposition may produce chomata, parachomate, tectoria, and axial fillings. Range: M Devonian (Givetian) – U Permian (Djulfian )

Fusulinida
The Fusulinida is an extinct order within the Foraminifera in which the tests are traditionally considered to have been composed of microgranular calcite. Like all forams, they were single-celled organisms. In advanced forms the test wall was differentiated into two or more layers.  Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, gives a range from the Lower Silurian to the Upper Permian, with the fusulinid foraminifera going extinct with the Permian–Triassic extinction event. While the latter is true, a more supported projected timespan is from the Mid-Carboniferous period.
Plug-in electric vehicles in Nepal
Plug-in electric vehicles in Nepal describe the development, policy framework, and adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Since the early 2020s, Nepal has experienced one of the fastest rates of electric-vehicle (EV) adoption in South Asia, driven by favorable fiscal policies, growing consumer demand, and abundant domestic hydropower generation.

Renewable energy in Nepal
Renewable energy in Nepal is a sector that is rapidly developing in Nepal.
While Nepal mainly relies on burning biomass for its energy needs, solar and wind power is being seen as an important supplement to solve its energy crisis. The most common form of renewable energy in Nepal is hydroelectricity.

Nepal is one of three countries with the greatest increases in electricity access from 2006 to 2016, owing to grid-connected and off-grid renewables.
History of homeland security in the United States
The history of homeland security in the United States covers specific issues and programs designed to protect the United States from foreign enemies or domestic terrorism.  It also includes public attitudes regarding specific fears.  Coverage is from the colonial period to the present.

Nativism (politics)
Nativism is the political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous people over those of immigrants, including the support of anti-immigration and immigration-restriction measures.
Bărăganul
Bărăganul is a commune located in Brăila County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Bărăganul.

The commune is situated on the Bărăgan Plain, at an altitude of 35 m (115 ft). It is located in the southern of the county, 63 km (39 mi) southwest of the county seat, Brăila, on the border with Ialomița County.

Bărăganul is crossed by national road DN21, which starts in  Brăila and ends in Călărași, 74 km (46 mi) to the south of the commune. Road DN21A branches off in Bărăganul, connecting it to the town of Țăndărei, Ialomița County, about 24 km (15 mi) to the southeast.

Țăndărei
Țăndărei (Romanian pronunciation: [t͡səndəˈrej]) is a town in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania. The town is located on the Bărăgan Plain, on the left bank of the Ialomița River. It was declared a town in 1968. It is crossed by the national road DN2A, which connects Slobozia with Constanța.

Țăndărei has been called a "Beverley Hills [sic] for Gypsy gangsters". The town gained this reputation as many ethnic Roma engaged in criminal activity as well as welfare fraud in the UK, using the money obtained from those activities to build opulent villas.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the town was also in the spotlight of national media and of social media, because the ethnic Roma of the town were accused of bringing the virus from Western Europe and not respecting the anti-COVID measurements implemented by the government.
Owlpen
Owlpen is a small village and civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England, set in a valley in the Cotswold hills. It is about one mile (1.6 km) east of Uley, and three miles (4.8 km) east of Dursley. The Owlpen valley is set around the settlement like an amphitheatre of wooded hills open to the west. The landscape falls within the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, so designated in 1966. The population of the parish in mid-2010 was 29 (est.), the smallest in Gloucestershire.

A key feature of the village is a Tudor manor house, Owlpen Manor, of the Mander family. The main economic activities in the village are agriculture, forestry and tourism.

Stroud District
51°44′53″N 2°12′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.748°N 2.216°W﻿ / 51.748; -2.216

Stroud District is a local government district in Gloucestershire, England. The district is named after its largest town of Stroud. The council is based at Ebley Mill in the district of Cainscross, west of central Stroud. The district also includes the towns of Berkeley, Dursley, Nailsworth, Stonehouse and Wotton-under-Edge, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Over half of the district lies within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Forest of Dean, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, Cotswold and South Gloucestershire.
1986 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1986 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 30 December 1985 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1986 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Christopher and Nevis.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Lucas Industries
Lucas Industries plc, now known as Lucas Automotive, is one of the world’s oldest continuously trading automotive brands, tracing its origins to 1875 and the first patent issued to its founder, Joseph Lucas.

Based originally in Birmingham, the company grew over the years into a manufacturer and supplier of automotive industry and aerospace industry components to vehicle and aerospace manufacturers around the world.

Lucas continues to operate as a recognised brand for automotive aftermarket products manufactured and distributed by exclusive agreements with established international partners. Lucas products are available in most countries and there are manufacturing plants located in Europe, South America, Tunisia, China, and other locations.
Ed Bass
Edward Perry "Ed" Bass (born September 10, 1945) is an American businessman, financier, philanthropist and environmentalist who lives in Fort Worth, Texas. He financed the Biosphere 2 project, an artificial closed ecological system, which was built between 1987 and 1991. He is the chairman of Fine Line, an investment and venture-capital management firm in Fort Worth, and chairman of the board of directors of the Sid W. Richardson Foundation, a philanthropic organization. He was listed as #239 on the Forbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans in 2012, with an estimated net worth of $2 billion.

Sid W. Richardson Foundation
The Sid W. Richardson Foundation is a philanthropic organization founded in 1947 by Sid W. Richardson (1891–1959), a Texan who earned his fortune in the oil industry. The foundation was primarily funded after his death. As of December 2020 it had assets of $716.8 million.

The foundation was led from 1973 to 2011 by Valleau Wilkie Jr., and its current president is Pete Geren.

The foundation focuses on public-private partnerships in the area of education, health, human services, and the arts, to which it has donated  $545,189,317 since 1962. The charter of the foundation stipulated that recipients be in the state of Texas.

The foundation is housed in the same building as the Sid Richardson Museum which features numerous artworks including several Remington and Russell paintings collected by Sid W. Richardson.
Gilbert Grant
Gilbert Harrison Grant (1885 – July 16, 1972) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1945 to 1949 as a Liberal-Progressive.

Born in Milton, Ontario, Grant was educated in Granton and received a degree in pharmacy from Upper Canada College. He moved to Manitoba and operated drug stores in Brandon and then, after 1925, in Souris. Grant served as chairman of the Souris and Glenwood Hospital Board. He was a director and later vice-president for the Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Company.

Grant was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1945 provincial election, defeating a candidate of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation by over 1,000 votes in the constituency of Glenwood. He served as a government backbencher for the next four years, supporting the ministries of Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell. He did not run for re-election in 1949.

He died in Souris in 1972 and was buried in Brandon.

Stuart Garson
Stuart Sinclair Garson PC CC QC (December 1, 1898 – May 5, 1977) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He served as the 12th premier of Manitoba from 1943 to 1948, and later became a Federal cabinet minister.
Spot-winged antshrike
The spot-winged antshrike (Pygiptila stellaris) is a species of bird in subfamily Myrmornithinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly French Guiana.

Johann Baptist von Spix
Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix (9 February 1781 – 13 March 1826) was a German biologist. From his expedition to Brazil, he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants, insects, mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. They constitute an important basis for today's National Zoological Collection in Munich. Numerous examples of his ethnographic collections, such as dance masks and the like, are now part of the collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Munich.
STAYC
STAYC (/ˈsteɪsi/; Korean: 스테이씨; RR: Seuteissi, acronym for Star to a Young Culture) is a South Korean girl group formed by High Up Entertainment. The group is composed of six members: Sumin, Sieun, Isa, Seeun, Yoon, and J. Mainly produced by K-pop duo Black Eyed Pilseung, they debuted on November 12, 2020, with the release of their debut single album Star to a Young Culture. From September 2023 to March 2024 they embarked on their first world tour.

Circle Album Chart
The Circle Album Chart (Korean: 써클 앨범 차트), previously known as the Gaon Album Chart (가온 앨범 차트), is a record chart ranking the 100 most popular albums, extended plays and single albums in South Korea–based on their physical sales. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart. It compiles shipments in weekly, monthly, and year-end formats with detailed album sales.
Apple Box
Apple Box is a box set by XTC compiling Apple Venus Volume 1 and Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2) along with their respective demo albums Homespun and Homegrown. It is the third box set of their career following Transistor Blast: The Best of the BBC Sessions and Coat of Many Cupboards, released by Idea Records.

Coat of Many Cupboards
Coat of Many Cupboards is a box set by English rock band XTC, released in 2002. It acts as an anthology of their 15 years on Virgin Records. It is their first compilation of any kind to include tracks by their alter-ego, the Dukes of Stratosphear.

The set includes demo versions, live recordings, rehearsal tapes and other rarities, as well as band favorites. 41 of the total 60 tracks had never been released before this compilation. The set also includes a 60-page booklet with an essay by Harrison Sherwood.
I Need You (The Walker Brothers EP)
I Need You is an extended play by the American pop group The Walker Brothers. It was released in 1966 reached number one on the UK EP Chart. It was released following the group's second UK #1 single when the group were at the height of their popularity.

The EP was produced by John Franz, Ivor Raymonde and Reg Guest directed the musical accompaniment and the group's live backing band The Quotations performed on "Everything's Gonna Be All Right". The EP is also notable as it includes the original Scott Walker and John Franz composition "Young Man Cried". In Australia "Young Man Cried" was omitted from the EP and replaced with the album track "Land of 1,000 Dances" from the group's debut album.

All four tracks have since been re-released on the expanded edition of the group's début album.

Johnny Franz
John Charles Franz (23 February 1922 – 29 January 1977) was an English record producer and A&R man at the Philips label. He was one of Britain's most successful producers in the 1950s and 1960s. While his recordings encompassed several forms of mainstream popular music, his most enduring contributions were to British pop music of the mid-1960s on records by Dusty Springfield, the Walker Brothers, and the early solo recordings of Scott Walker. From 1973, he was responsible for the production of Peters & Lee recordings, which included their No. 1 chart hit "Welcome Home".
Pseudohynobius
Pseudohynobius is a genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae and is endemic to China.  It contains these species:

Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus (Hu and Fei, 1978) (yellow-spotted salamander)

Pseudohynobius guizhouensis Li, Tian, and Gu, 2010 (Guizhou salamander)

Pseudohynobius jinfo Wei, Xiong, and Zeng, 2009 (Jinfo Mountain salamander)

Pseudohynobius kuankuoshuiensis Xu and Zeng, 2007 (Kuankuoshui salamander)

Pseudohynobius puxiongensis (Fei and Ye, 2000) (Puxiong salamander)

Pseudohynobius shuichengensis Tian, Gu, Li, Sun, and Li, 1998 (Shuicheng salamander)

Jinfo Mountain salamander
The Jinfo Mountain salamander (Pseudohynobius jinfo) is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to China, known only from Nanchuan District in Chongqing (formerly Sichuan). Its type locality is a spring-fed pond on Mount Jinfo. P. jinfo specimens from Nanchuan were first assumed to be yellow-spotted salamanders (P. flavomaculatus), but genetic methods, and later on, discovery of adult salamanders, allowed them to be identified as a new species.