hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Basic partitioned access method
In IBM mainframe operating systems, basic partitioned access method (BPAM) is an access method  for libraries, called partitioned datasets (PDSes) in IBM terminology. BPAM is used in OS/360, OS/VS2, MVS, z/OS, and others.

A PDS consists of members (internally identical to sequential data sets), registered in a list called the directory. The combination of members and directory is a single dataset on disk. The directory contains a list of member's names (8 characters, padded on the right with blanks, as required) and member's addresses. Addresses are relative to the start of the dataset in order to allow the PDS to be moved to a different disk location.

Partitioned datasets can store any type of data, but they are often used to store executable programs, or load modules, sometimes called binaries in other systems. Other uses include system assembler macro definitions, job control procedures, and program source code.

Z/OS
z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM z/Architecture mainframes, introduced by IBM in October 2000. It derives from and is the successor to OS/390, which in turn was preceded by a string of MVS versions. Like OS/390, z/OS combines a number of formerly separate, related products, some of which are still optional. z/OS has the attributes of modern operating systems but also retains much of the older functionality that originated in the 1960s and is still in regular use—z/OS is designed for backward compatibility.
John Sinclair (archdeacon of Cirencester)
John Stewart Sinclair (15 May 1853 – 30 April 1919) was a British clergyman who became Archdeacon of Cirencester.

Sinclair was the son of Prebendary William Sinclair, sometime Rector of Pulborough, Sussex; and the grandson of the Scottish politician and author Sir John Sinclair Bt MP. He was educated at Repton School and Oriel College, Oxford, and ordained in 1876. After curacies in Pulborough and Fulham, he was vicar of St Dionis, Parsons Green, and then in Cirencester until his appointment as Archdeacon.

Pulborough
Pulborough is a village and civil parish in the Horsham district of West Sussex, England, with some 5,000 inhabitants. It is located almost centrally within West Sussex and is 42 miles (68 km) south west of London. It is at the junction of the north–south A29 and the east–west A283 roads.

The village is near the confluence of the River Arun and the River Rother, on the Stane Street Roman road from London to Chichester.  It looks southwards over the broad flood plain of the tidal Arun to a backdrop of the South Downs. It is on the northern boundary of the newly established South Downs National Park.

The parish covers an area of 5,183 acres (2,098 hectares). The twelfth-century parish church is dedicated to St Mary. In the 2001 census there were 4,685 people living in 1,976 households of whom 2,333 were economically active. At the 2011 census the population of Bignor was included and the total population was 5,206.
Saint Caradoc
Caradoc or Caradog (died 1124) was a reclusive Welsh priest, widely respected for his sanctity. An inquiry into his qualifications for sainthood was commissioned in 1200 and, although such inquiry did not proceed, he has long been venerated as if papally canonised. Prior to canonisation of the Forty Martyrs in 1970, he was regarded as the last Welshman to become a saint.

Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales or Cuthbert Mayne and Thirty-Nine Companion Martyrs are a group of Catholic, lay and religious, men and women, executed between 1535 and 1679 for treason and related offences under various laws enacted by Parliament during the English Reformation. The individuals listed range from Carthusian monks who in 1535 declined to accept Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, to seminary priests who were caught up in the alleged Popish Plot against Charles II in 1679. Many were sentenced to death at show trials, or with no trial at all.
Armoured Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle
The Armoured Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle (AERV) is an Indian military engineering vehicle developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in coordination with C-TEC, as per General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQRs) of the Indian Army for enabling the combat engineers to conduct recce operations.

Military engineering vehicle
A military engineering vehicle is a vehicle built for construction work or for the transportation of combat engineers on the battlefield. These vehicles may be modified civilian equipment (such as the armoured bulldozers that many nations field) or purpose-built military vehicles (such as the AVRE). The first appearance of such vehicles coincided with the appearance of the first tanks, these vehicles were modified Mark V tanks for bridging and mine clearance. Modern military engineering vehicles are expected to fulfill numerous roles such as; bulldozer, crane, grader, excavator, dump truck, breaching vehicle, bridging vehicle, military ferry, amphibious crossing vehicle, and combat engineer section carrier.
38th International Film Festival of India
The 38th International Film Festival of India was held from November 23 - December 3 2007 in Goa. Hungarian cinema was the "Country Focus" in this edition. Filmmaker Buddhadeb Dasgupta
was the chief guest for this edition.

International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
Military regions (Yemen)
The military regions of Yemen are 7 regions in which the Yemeni army is distributed. Each military region shares joint military units and formations, in addition to local military academies and installations.

The theater of military operations is represented in seven military regions with the 75th military brigades (including the 13th military brigades in the Defense Reserve and Strategic Reserve). The forces and combat units of the military regions consist of 11 operational axes, 9 mechanized infantry brigades, 11 armored brigades, two border guard brigades, and 23 brigades. Infantry, 2 marine infantry brigades, 3 naval bases, 6 air defense brigades, 5 air bases, 2 mountain infantry brigades, 3 aviation brigades, an artillery brigade, and 2 (artillery/missile) brigades.

Hadhramaut Governorate
Hadhramaut Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حضرموت, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥaḍramawt) is a governorate of Yemen. Lying within the large historical region of Hadhramaut, it is the country's largest governorate. The capital of Hadhramaut is the city of Mukalla. Other cities in Hadhramaut include the historical towns of Shibam, Sena, Seiyun, Tarim, and Ash Shihr.

The Socotra Archipelago was transferred from the Aden Governorate to the Hadhramaut Governorate in 2004. It was subsequently separated to create Socotra Governorate in December 2013.
Danish Citizenship Act of 1776
The Danish Citizenship Act of 1776 )Danish Indfødsretsforordningen af 1776 or simply Indfødsretten af 1776) was an act promulgated by Christian VII under which access to public positions in the kingdom of Denmark became the prerogative of native-born subjects and those who were considered their equals.

Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. He was affected by mental illness and was only nominally king for most of his reign. His royal advisers changed depending on the outcome of power struggles. From 1770 to 1772, his court physician Johann Friedrich Struensee was the de facto ruler of the country and introduced progressive reforms signed into law by the king. Struensee was deposed by a coup in 1772, after which the country was ruled by Christian's stepmother, Queen Dowager Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, his half-brother Hereditary Prince Frederick, and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg. From 1784 until Christian VII's death in 1808, Christian's son, later Frederick VI, acted as unofficial prince regent.
Lombardini (company)
Lombardini Srl was an Italian manufacturer of diesel engines up to 134HP, which is now part of American manufacturer Kohler Co. after acquisition. The company was founded in Reggio Emilia by brothers Adelmo and Rainero Lombardini in 1933 under the name of "Lombardini Fabbrica Italiana Motori S.p.A.". Adelmo Lombardini had already been manufacturing combustion engines since 1922 with a company called "Società Anonima Cooperativa Metallurgica" in Novellara (RE).

Along with engines, the company of the two Lombardini brothers manufactured finished products such as pumping sets. After World War II this trend increased with production of agricultural tractors and tillers.

Common rail
Common rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system built around a high-pressure fuel rail feeding solenoid valves. This pressure is typically over 2,000 bar or 200 MPa or 29,000 psi. A common rail system contrasts with the low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). High-pressure injection delivers power and fuel consumption benefits over earlier lower pressure fuel injection, by injecting fuel as a larger number of smaller droplets, giving a much higher ratio of surface area to volume. This provides improved vaporization from the surface of the fuel droplets, and so more efficient combining of atmospheric oxygen with vaporized fuel delivering more complete combustion.

Common rail injection is widely used in diesel engines. It is also the basis of gasoline direct injection systems used on petrol engines.
Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals
The Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals are a series of exhibition halls at the American Museum of Natural History on the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City. The halls opened on June 12, 2021, as a complete redesign of their predecessors, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Hall of Gems and Minerals and Morgan Memorial Hall of Gems. The halls feature thousands of rare gems, mineral specimens and pieces of jewelry.

DeLong Star Ruby
The DeLong Star Ruby, a 100.32-carat (20.064 g) oval cabochon star ruby. Discovered in Burma in the 1930s, it was sold by Martin Ehrmann to Edith Haggin DeLong for US$21,400, who then donated it to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City in 1937.
Ohio Business College
Ohio Business College is a private for-profit junior college with multiple locations in Ohio.  It is owned by Tri-State Educational Systems, Inc. with corporate headquarters located in Middletown, Ohio.  Currently, Ohio Business College operates three campuses in Ohio with career education focused around information technology, business administration, allied health, and CDL training.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Stoss railway station
Stoss railway station (German: Bahnhof Stoss) is a railway station in Gais, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is an intermediate stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Altstätten–Gais line and is served by local trains only.

St. Gallen S-Bahn
The St. Gallen S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn St. Gallen) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail in Eastern Switzerland and neighbouring areas. The network connects stations in the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Grisons, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Thurgau and Zurich, as well as a few stations in Austria (Bregenz, Vorarlberg) and Germany (Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg and Lindau, Bavaria). Some services also operate as part of the Bodensee S-Bahn.

Services are operated by Appenzeller Bahnen (AB), Südostbahn (SOB), and Thurbo. Within Switzerland and until Konstanz, services operate within the Tarifverbund Ostwind (Ostwind fare network)  of northeastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
Napeequa Peak
Napeequa Peak is an 8,073-foot (2,461-metre) pyramidal mountain summit located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness of the North Cascades in Washington state. The mountain is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range, on the shared border of Snohomish County and Chelan County, also straddling the boundary between the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and the Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest neighbor is Cirque Mountain, 0.3 mi (0.48 km) to the north, and the nearest higher peak is Buck Mountain, 2.56 mi (4.12 km) to the east-southeast. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains east to the headwaters of Napeequa River; or west into the Suiattle River. The mountain's name is taken from the river's name, which was applied by Albert Hale Sylvester (1871-1944), a pioneer surveyor, explorer, topographer, and forest supervisor in the Cascades.

Glacier Peak Wilderness
Glacier Peak Wilderness is a 566,057-acre (229,075 ha), 35-mile-long (56 km), 20-mile-wide (32 km) wilderness area  located within portions of Chelan, Snohomish, and Skagit counties in the North Cascades of Washington. The area lies within parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Mount Baker National Forest and is characterized by heavily forested stream courses, steep-sided valleys, and dramatic glacier-crowned peaks. The dominant geologic feature of the area is 10,541-foot (3,213 m) Glacier Peak. It is the most remote major volcanic peak in the Cascade Range and is the third most heavily glaciated volcano in the lower forty-eight states behind Mount Rainier and Mount Baker. Glacier Peak is a volcanic cone of basalt, pumice, and ash which erupted during periods of heavy glaciation.
Three Stelae of Kōzuke
The Three Stelae of Kōzuke (上野三碑) are three ancient stelae (graven stone monuments) in the former Kōzuke Province of Japan, located in what is now the city of Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture, in the Kantō region. Together, they were inscribed in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register as "Three Cherished Stelae of Ancient Kozuke" in 2017.

These are the oldest of the 18 known extant Japanese stelae. The Yamanoue Stele is from 681 AD (Asuka period), the Tago Stele from 711 AD (Nara period), and the Kanaizawa Stele from 726 AD (Nara period). The Yamanoue Stele is the oldest surviving example of Chinese characters using Japanese grammar.

Yamanoue Stele

Tago Stele

Kanaizawa Stele

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.

Ukrainization
Ukrainization or Ukrainisation (Ukrainian: Українізація [ʊkrɐjin⁽ʲ⁾iˈzɑts⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ]) is a policy or practice of increasing the usage and facilitating the development of the Ukrainian language and promoting other elements of Ukrainian culture in various spheres of public life such as education, publishing, government, and religion. The term is also used to describe a process by which non-Ukrainians or Russian-speaking Ukrainians are assimilated to Ukrainian culture and language, either by individual choices or forcibly, as a result of social processes or policies.
Mercenaria campechiensis
Mercenaria campechiensis, also known as the southern hardshell clam, southern hard clam, and southern quahog, is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Veneridae. The species is found in western North Atlantic north to New Jersey (USA), including the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico in waters shallower than 20 meters.

Mercenaria campechiensis is harvested commercially for human consumption. It can hybridize with Mercenaria mercenaria where their local distributions overlap. However, it typically occurs in nearshore open-ocean waters, whereas Mercenaria mercenaria is found in embayments and estuaries.

Veneridae
The Veneridae or venerids, common name: Venus clams, are a very large family of minute to large, saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. Over 500 living species of venerid bivalves are known, most of which are edible, and many of which are exploited as food sources.

Many of the most important edible species are commonly known (in the US) simply as "clams". Venerids make up a significant proportion of the world fishery of edible bivalves. The family includes some species that are important commercially, such as (in the US) the hard clam or quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria.
Hüfingen
Hüfingen (German pronunciation: [ˈhyːfɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Hifinge) is a town in the district of Schwarzwald-Baar, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Breg, 4 km south of the source of the Danube.

Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
Schwarzwald-Baar (German pronunciation: [ˌʃvaʁtsvaltˈbaːɐ̯]) is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Ortenaukreis, Rottweil, Tuttlingen, Constance, the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen, and the districts Waldshut, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Emmendingen.
Brichermillen
Brichermillen is a former mill and hamlet in the commune of Contern. It is located by the Syre river, at an altitude of 264 meters on the border of the communes of Contern, Weiler-la-Tour and Dalheim. Brichermillen is on a short spur of a road which branches off the CR132 road between Syren and Moutfort; the road continues as a track until it reaches Syren. A few hundred meters northeast of the mill lies the Bricherhaff. Both buildings are owned by the same owner. Bricherhaff is on a separate road spur and is also atop the Syre. Brichermillen is located around 2 kilometres straight south of Contern.

Syren, Luxembourg
Syren (Luxembourgish: Siren) is a small town in the commune of Weiler-la-Tour, in southern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the town had a population of 721 people.

Syren is the source of the Syre river, which flows down to the Moselle, through some of Luxembourg's wealthiest districts.

In 2003, there was a fire which destroyed 4 homes. A similar fire happened in the summer of 2014, destroying one chalet.
Open Mike (TV series)
Open Mike was an Australian interview-based talk show hosted by sports journalist and writer Mike Sheahan. Each week during the Australian Football League (AFL) season, Sheahan interviewed a figure in the history of Australian football, discussing their involvement in the game, whether on-field or off-field, as well as their lives and contributions away from the game.

Graham Cornes
Graham Studley Cornes OAM (born 31 March 1948 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach, as well as a media personality. From 1995 until early 2013, Cornes co-hosted a weekday drivetime sports program that he hosts on Adelaide radio station 5AA, first with Ken "KG" Cunningham and, following Cunningham's retirement in 2008, with Stephen Rowe. In 2012 he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.

Cornes is also a Vietnam veteran, having served as an infantry soldier with the 7th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment in 1968.
Battle of Dry Lake
The Battle of Dry Lake, also known as Sorass Lake, was the first decisive victory of the United States over the Modoc Indians in northern California in 1873. The battle led to the splintering of the Modoc bands, and was the last major battle of the Modoc War.

Modoc people
The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation.
Nastus
Nastus is a genus of slender, erect, scrambling or climbing bamboos in the grass family. It is native to Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and certain islands in the Indian Ocean (Madagascar and Réunion).

Species

formerly included

see Arundinaria, Bambusa, Cathariostachys, Cenchrus, Chusquea, Dendrocalamus, Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Guadua, Melocanna, and  Thamnocalamus

Dendrocalamus
Dendrocalamus is a tropical Asian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia.

Dendrocalamus giganteus is one of the tallest of bamboos, capable of reaching heights up to 46 m.
Nordisk Copyright Bureau
Nordisk Copyright Bureau (n©b) is a copyright collecting society which maintains Nordic and Baltic composers', writers' and producers' copyrights.

NCB is based in Copenhagen, Denmark, and is owned by the collecting societies in the Nordic countries; KODA (DK), STEF (IS), STIM (SE), Teosto (FI) and TONO (NO).

KODA (Denmark)
KODA is the collecting society for songwriters, composers and music publishers of Denmark.

Its role is to act as an agent for its members in order to collect license fees whenever their musical works are performed in public, broadcast or transmitted, and to pay out performing royalties.

In 1935, an agreement reached with and a concession were given by the Danish Ministry of Culture in which the public performance rights were established.

In April 2020, YouTube's licensing deal with KODA expired. On July 30, 2020, YouTube threatened to block music videos containing content from KODA over royalty fees. KODA claimed that YouTube wanted to reduce royalty payments by 70 percent. Polaris Nordic, an alliance of societies consisting of KODA, TONO (Norway), and Teosto (Finland), has been negotiating with YouTube for a new Scandinavia-wide licensing agreement.  On October 1, 2020, YouTube and Polaris reached a new agreement, bringing music by Danish songwriters back onto YouTube.
Grand Circus Park Historic District
The Grand Circus Park Historic District contains the 5-acre (2.0 ha) Grand Circus Park in Downtown Detroit, Michigan that connects the theatre district with its financial district. It is bisected by Woodward Avenue, four blocks north of Campus Martius Park, and is roughly bounded by Clifford, John R. and Adams Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building at 25 West Elizabeth Street was added to the district in 2000, and additional structures located within the district, but built between 1932 and 1960, were approved for inclusion in 2012.

Comerica Park
Comerica Park is a baseball stadium in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It has been the home of the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB) since its opening in 2000. It was built in the retro-classic style, and currently has a seating capacity of 41,083.