hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic territory of Belarusians
Ethnic territory of Belarusians (Belarusian: Этнічная тэрыторыя беларусаў) is the territory of compact settlement of Belarusians as an ethnos. The ethnogenesis of Belarusians and their ethnic history are closely tied to this territory. The geographical environment constituting the ethnic territory is not only the living space of the people but also the vital foundation that determines the specifics of their material culture (economic activities, settlement types, spatial contacts) and spiritual culture.

Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, romanized: biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Province 1 of the Episcopal Church
Province 1 (I), also called the Province of New England, is one of nine ecclesiastical provinces making up the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. It is composed of the seven dioceses of New England.

Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts
The Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts is one of the nine original dioceses of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. The diocese reported 58,475 members in 2015 and 42,510 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 162 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $37,314,949. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 9,746 persons.
Rupelian
The Rupelian, in the geologic timescale, the older of two ages or the lower of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 33.9 and 27.3 Ma. It is preceded by the Priabonian Stage (part of the Eocene) and is followed by the Chattian Stage. The Rupelian is also known, informally, as the early Oligocene  and lower Oligocene.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Tehuacana Creek (Brazos River tributary)
Tehuacana Creek (/təˈwɑːkənə/, Spanish pronunciation: [tewaˈkana]) is a creek in Texas that is a tributary of the Brazos River.
Tehuacana Creek rises three miles south of Penelope in southern Hill County (at 31°50' N, 96°54' W) and runs twenty-eight miles southwest to its mouth on the Brazos River, one mile east of Waco (31°31' N, 97°02' W). It enters McLennan County five miles from Penelope. The surrounding flat to rolling terrain is surfaced by dark, commonly calcareous clays and clay and sandy loams that support mesquite, cacti, water-tolerant hardwoods, conifers, and grasses. For most of the county's history, the area has been used as range and crop land.

Hill County, Texas
Hill County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 35,874. Its county seat is Hillsboro. The county is named for George Washington Hill, secretary of war and secretary of the navy under the Republic of Texas. Hill County is part of Central Texas, though not included in the Texas Hill Country.
2012 BH Telecom Indoors
The 2012 BH Telecom Indoors was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina between 12 and 18 March 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
2021 Lakhimpur Kheri violence
The Lakhimpur Kheri incident was a sequence of violent incidents comprising a vehicle-ramming attack, drive-by shooting and a mob lynching all on 3 October 2021 at Banbirpur village near Tikunia in Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. They occurred during farmers’ protests against three agricultural laws passed in 2020 by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led Union Government. The violence led to the deaths of eight people and injuries to ten others. Four protesting farmers and a journalist were run over by a car. Two BJP members and MP Ajay Mishra Teni's driver were lynched by protestors in the aftermath.

Drive-by shooting
A drive-by shooting is a type of assault that usually involves the perpetrator(s) firing a weapon from within a motor vehicle and then fleeing. Drive-by shootings allow the perpetrators to quickly strike their targets and flee the scene before law enforcement is able to respond. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. The protection, anonymity, sense of power, and ease of escape provided by the getaway vehicle lead some perpetrators to feel safe expressing their hostility toward others.
Fiesco (play)
Fiesco (full title – Die Verschwörung des Fiesco zu Genua, or Fiesco's Conspiracy at Genoa) is the second full-length drama written by the German playwright Friedrich Schiller. It is a republican tragedy based on the historical conspiracy of Giovanni Luigi Fieschi against Andrea Doria in Genoa in 1547. Schiller began it after the 1782 premiere of his first play, The Robbers, and dedicated it to his teacher Jakob Friedrich von Abel. It has 75 scenes, which is more than Goethe's highly popular Götz von Berlichingen. It premiered in Bonn in 1783 at the Hoftheater.

The play was the basis for the 1921 German silent film The Conspiracy in Genoa directed by Paul Leni.

The Robbers
The Robbers (Die Räuber, German pronunciation: [diː ˈʁɔʏbɐ] ⓘ) is the first dramatic play by German playwright Friedrich Schiller. The play was published in 1781 and premiered on 13 January 1782 in Mannheim and was inspired by Leisewitz's earlier play Julius of Taranto. It was written towards the end of the German Sturm und Drang ("Storm and Stress") movement, and many critics, such as Peter Brooks, consider it very influential in the development of European melodrama. The play astounded its Mannheim audience and made Schiller an overnight sensation. It later became the basis for Verdi's opera of the same name, I masnadieri.
The New Freedmen's Clinic
The New Freedmen's Clinic (first opened in the summer of 2009) is a free student-run health care clinic affiliated with Howard University Hospital (HUH) and Howard University College of Medicine (HUCM). It gets its name from HUH's original name - Freedmen's Hospital. It is currently located in the heart of Washington, DC, within HUH.

Howard University College of Medicine
The Howard University College of Medicine (HUCM) is an academic division of Howard University that grants the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), Ph.D., M.S., and the M.PH. HUCM is located at the Howard University Health Sciences Center in Washington, D.C., and it was founded in 1868 in response to the growing population of the city.

With more than 4,000 living alumni, the college has produced a sizeable share of the African-American physicians practicing in the United States.

The mission of the college includes improving health care through training programs and initiatives, discovering knowledge through research, and supporting the education and training of postgraduate physicians, other healthcare providers, and graduate students in biomedical sciences. Many of the college students gain professional experience at Howard University Hospital, the primary teaching hospital for the school.
Windmill, County Westmeath
Windmill also known as Blackislands is a townland in the civil parish of Enniscoffey in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the northwest of Milltownpass, with the Milltown river forming its western border with the townlands of Bellfield and Gaulstown. The townland of Corcloon stands to the south and east.

Bellfield, County Westmeath
Bellfield  also known as Brannockstown is a townland in the civil parish of Enniscoffey in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the northwest of Milltownpass, with the Milltown river forming its western border with the townland of Gaybrook Demesne and Gaulstown.
Commonwealth v. Hunt
Commonwealth v. Hunt, 45 Mass. 111 (1842), was a case in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the subject of labor unions. Prior to Hunt the legality of labor combinations in America was uncertain. In March 1842, Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw ruled that labor combinations were legal provided that they were organized for a legal purpose and used legal means to achieve their goals.

Indictment
An indictment (/ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ in-DYTE-mənt) is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that use the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offense is a felony. Jurisdictions that do not use that concept often use that of an indictable offence, which is an offence that requires an indictment.
Gustav Adolf von Deines
Gustav Adolf von Deines (10 March 1852 – 30 May 1914), born Gustav Adolf Deines, was a Prussian military officer, a General of the Artillery, a member of the German General Staff and Oberquartermeister of the Prussian army.

Hermann von Stein (1854–1927)
Hermann Christlieb Matthäus Stein, from 1913 von Stein (13 September 1854, in Wedderstedt – 26 May 1927, in Kloster Lehnin) was a Prussian officer,  General of the Artillery and Minister of War during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite.
Coneythorpe
Coneythorpe is a village in the civil parish of Coneythorpe and Clareton, in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated less than 1 mile (1.6 km) west from the A1(M) motorway. Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Coneythorpe was formerly a township in the parish of Goldsborough, in 1866 Coneythorpe became a separate civil parish, on 24 March 1888 the parish was abolished and merged with Clareton to form "Coneythorpe and Clareton". In 1881 the parish had a population of 79.

The Tiger Inn, the village pub, has been in its current position since the 19th century. After destructive fires in 2020 and 2023, it was bought and saved in 2024 by the Oglesby family, of nearby Goldsborough Hall.

Goldsborough, Harrogate
Goldsborough is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated near the River Nidd and one mile (1.6 km) east of Knaresborough. Goldsborough is recognised by the well-known stately home Goldsborough Hall and its other features including: Goldsborough Primary School, the Bay Horse Inn and the Goldsborough Cricket Grounds.

The village was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Peltigera vainioi
Peltigera vainioi is a species of lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It is found in high-elevation locations in South America. It is a somewhat unusual species in its genus, characterized by a single holdfast that attaches to its substrate, and pores in its cortex.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Ananda Pyissi
Ananda Pyissi (Burmese: အနန္တ ပစ္စည်း, pronounced [ʔənàɴda̰ pjɪʔsí]; also spelled Anantapyissi; c. 1240 – 1 July 1287) was a chief minister in the service of King Narathihapate of the Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). He was also the commander-in-chief of the Royal Burmese Army, and fought unsuccessfully against the first two Mongol invasions of Burma (1277–85). He led the initial ceasefire negotiations with the Mongols (1285–86). He reportedly was killed alongside the king in 1287 by Thihathu of Prome.

Thihathu of Prome
Thihathu of Prome (Burmese: သီဟသူ, pronounced [θìha̰θù]; d. 1288), or Sihasura, was viceroy of Prome (Pyay) from 1275 to 1288. He is known in Burmese history for assassinating his own father King Narathihapate, the last sovereign king of the Pagan Empire, in 1287.: 209–210  He was the maternal grandfather of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava.
Rendall Munroe
Rendall Munroe (born 1 June 1980) is an English former professional boxer. He held the European, Commonwealth and English super-bantamweight titles. Known as 'The Boxing Binman' due to his dayjob as a binman, Munroe and his corner men used to make their ring walk wearing fluorescent yellow binman jackets.

Manchester Arena
Manchester Arena (currently known as AO Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena in Manchester, England, immediately north of the city centre and partly above Manchester Victoria railway station in air rights space. With a capacity of 21,000 it is the second largest indoor arena in the UK after Co-op Live and fifth largest in Europe.

The arena is one of the world's busiest indoor arenas, hosting music and sporting events such as boxing and swimming. The arena was a key part of Manchester's bids to host the Olympic Games in 1996 and 2000 and was eventually used for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

On 22 May 2017, the arena's foyer was the scene of a terrorist attack carried out by a suicide bomber, in which 22 people were killed and over 500 others injured following an Ariana Grande concert.
Taoyang
Taoyang is a town and the county seat of Lintao County, Dingxi, Gansu, China. It is located centrally in Lintao at a junction of major roads.

The town relies mainly on agriculture, supported by favourable irrigation supply from the Tao River. It is also a tourist destination, owing to historic sites and temples. The Gansu Majiayao Painted Pottery Culture Museum is located in Taoyang.

Taoyang governs 30 villages and 12 residential communities.

Lintao County
Lintao County (simplified Chinese: 临洮县; traditional Chinese: 臨洮縣; pinyin: Líntáo Xiàn) is administratively under the control of Dingxi, Gansu province, China. In ancient times, Lintao was centered on present day Min County.
Ruvimbo Samanga
Ruvimbo Samanga is a Zimbabwean space policy analyst. Ruvimbo has supported international initiatives in policy, business, outreach, and education geared towards the advancement of space and satellite applications for sustainable development. She previously served a two year term as the National Point of Contact for Zimbabwe in the Space Generation Advisory Council, which is in support of the United Nations Program on Space Applications.

International Astronautical Federation
The International Astronautical Federation (IAF) is an international space advocacy organization based in Paris, and founded in 1951 as a non-governmental organization to establish a dialogue between scientists around the world and to lay the information for international space cooperation. It has over 390 members from 68 countries across the world. They are drawn from space agencies, companies, universities, professional associations, museums, government organizations and learned societies. The IAF organizes the annual International Astronautical Congress (IAC). As of 2019, Pascale Ehrenfreund has served as the president of the IAF.
Armorial of Norway
This is an incomplete list of Norwegian coats of arms. Today most municipalities and all counties have their own coats of arms. Many Norwegian military units and other public agencies and some private families have coats of arms. For more general information see the page about Norwegian heraldry.

Armoured Battalion (Norway)
The Armoured Battalion (Norwegian: Panserbataljonen) is the first battalion and an infantry unit of the Norwegian Army. Although it is categorised as an armoured unit, the battalion (strictly a battlegroup) primarily serves in the mechanised infantry role. As with the Telemark Battalion, the unit also has a tank squadron equipped with the Leopard 2 main battle tank. The battalion is recognised as a cavalry unit for ceremonial purposes, so its conscripted soldiers are referred to as dragoons as opposed to privates, as is the case in most of the Norwegian Army.

The motto of the battalion is Bitit fyrst (Old Norse for "Strike First"), referring to the offensive role of the battalion.
203 mm 50 caliber Pattern 1905
The 203 mm 50 caliber Pattern 1905 was a Russian naval gun developed by Vickers for export in the years before World War I that armed a variety of warships of the Imperial Russian Navy.  Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life as coastal artillery, railway artillery and aboard river monitors during the Russian Civil War.  By 1941 it was estimated there were 36 coastal defense guns and two railroad mounts remaining.  During the 1930s a number were relined down to 180 mm (7.1 in) and re-designated the 180mm Pattern 1931-1933.  These guns were used aboard Kirov-class cruisers or as coastal artillery and railway artillery.

Railway gun
A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train.  They were only able to be moved where there were good tracks, which could be destroyed by artillery bombardment or airstrike. Railway guns were phased out after World War II.
Growth factor-like domain
A growth factor-like domain (GFLD) is a protein domain structurally related to epidermal growth factor, which has a high binding affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor. As structural domains within larger proteins, GFLD regions commonly bind calcium ions. A subtype present in the N-terminal region of the amyloid precursor protein is a member of the heparin-binding class of GFLDs and may itself have growth factor function, particularly in promoting neuronal development.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Walter Stauffer McIlhenny
Walter Stauffer McIlhenny (October 22, 1910 – June 22, 1985) served as president of McIlhenny Company, maker of Tabasco brand pepper sauce, from 1949 until his death in 1985.  He also distinguished himself as a member of the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve — receiving the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Guadalcanal and retiring as a brigadier general. He was a co-founder, trustee, and president emeritus of the Marine Military Academy in Harlingen, Texas.

Avery Island (Louisiana)
Avery Island (historically French: Île Petite Anse) is a salt dome best known as the source of Tabasco sauce. Located in Iberia Parish, Louisiana, United States, it is about three miles (4.8 km) inland from Vermilion Bay, which opens onto the Gulf of Mexico. A small human population lives on the island. The island is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Dendropsophus goughi
Dendropsophus goughi, the Guianan dwarf tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.  It is endemic to Trinidad. Scientists have seen it as high as 1200 meters above sea level.

For a time, scientists considered this frog conspecific with Dendropsophus microcephalus.

Dendropsophus microcephalus
Dendropsophus microcephalus is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in southeastern Mexico (southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama), and northern South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana ), and northern Brazil. This widespread species might actually be a species complex. Its common names include yellow treefrog, small-headed treefrog, and yellow cricket treefrog.
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, semi conductors, and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.

Carbothermic reaction
Carbothermic reactions involve the reduction of substances, often metal oxides (O2-), using carbon (C) as the reducing agent. The reduction is usually conducted in the electric arc furnace or reverberatory furnace, depending on the metal ore. These chemical reactions are usually conducted at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. Such processes are applied for production of the elemental forms of many elements. The ability of metals to participate in carbothermic reactions can be predicted from Ellingham diagrams.

Carbothermal reactions produce carbon monoxide (CO) and sometimes carbon dioxide (CO2).  The facility of these conversions is attributable to the entropy of reaction: two solids, the metal oxide (and flux) and carbon, are converted to a new solid (metal) and a gas (COx), the latter having high entropy.