hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Material nonimplication
Material nonimplication or abjunction (from Latin  ab 'away' and  junctio 'to join') is a term referring to a logic operation used in generic circuits and Boolean algebra. It is the negation of material implication. That is to say that for any two propositions  and , the material nonimplication from  to  is true if and only if the negation of the material implication from  to  is true.  This is more naturally stated as that the material nonimplication from  to  is true only if  is true and  is false.

It may be written using logical notation as , , or "Lpq" (in Bocheński notation), and is logically equivalent to , and .

Negation
In logic, negation, also called the logical not or logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition  to another proposition "not ", written , ,  or . It is interpreted intuitively as being true when  is false, and false when  is true. For example, if  is "The dog runs", then "not " is "The dog does not run". An operand of a negation is called a negand or negatum.

Negation is a unary logical connective. It may furthermore be applied not only to propositions, but also to notions, truth values, or semantic values more generally. In classical logic, negation is normally identified with the truth function that takes truth to falsity (and vice versa). In intuitionistic logic, according to the Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation, the negation of a proposition  is the proposition whose proofs are the refutations of .
Deportivo Laferrere
Club Deportivo Laferrere is a football club from the homonymous district of La Matanza Partido, Greater Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera B, the regionalized third division of the Argentine football league system.

Laferrere was founded in 1956, and registered with AFA in 1978. The team has spent most of its time playing in the third and fourth divisions. Nevertheless, Laferrere had a brief spell in the Primera B Nacional (the second division) between 1990 and 1995. Its best league position to date was 15th in the 2nd division, which it achieved in 1991 and 1993.

La Matanza Partido
La Matanza ('The Slaughter' in Spanish) is a partido (county or department) located in the urban agglomeration of Greater Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

This provincial subdivision had 1,775,272 inhabitants (at the 2010 Census) in an area of 325.71 km2 (125.76 sq mi). Its capital city is San Justo, which is located around 16 km (10 mi) from the City of Buenos Aires.
Imperial election
The election of a Holy Roman Emperor was generally a two-stage process whereby the King of the Romans was elected by a small body of the greatest princes of the realm, the prince-electors. This was then followed shortly thereafter by his coronation as king, originally at Aachen and later at Frankfurt. The king was then expected to march to Rome, to be crowned Emperor by the pope. In 1356, the Emperor Charles IV promulgated the Golden Bull, which became the fundamental law by which all future kings and emperors were elected. After 1508, rulers usually were recognized as "Emperor elect" after their first, royal coronation.

Golden Bull of 1356
The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg and Metz (Diet of Metz, 1356/57) headed by the  Emperor Charles IV which fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire. It was named the Golden Bull for the golden seal it carried.

In June 2013, the Golden Bull was included in the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register.
Geometrically necessary dislocations
Geometrically necessary dislocations are like-signed dislocations needed to accommodate for plastic bending in a crystalline material. They are present when a material's plastic deformation is accompanied by internal plastic strain gradients. They are in contrast to statistically stored dislocations, with statistics of equal positive and negative signs, which arise during plastic flow from multiplication processes like the Frank-Read source.

Burgers vector
In materials science, the Burgers vector, named after Dutch physicist Jan Burgers, is a vector, often denoted as b, that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion resulting from a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
Alaa Abdul-Zahra
Alaa Abdul-Zahra Khashen Al-Azzawi (Arabic: علاء عبدالزهرة خشَن العزاوي , born 22 December 1987), is an Iraqi football player who plays as a forward for Iraq Stars League club Al-Talaba and for the Iraq national team.

He can be deployed as an attacking midfielder or a second striker, and since 2016 plays as a striker. He is the third-most capped player in the history of the Iraqi national team.

2022 Iraqi Super Cup
The 2022 Iraqi Super Cup was the 11th edition of the Iraqi Super Cup. It was held on 2 October 2022 between the 2021–22 Iraqi Premier League champions Al-Shorta and the 2021–22 Iraq FA Cup winners Al-Karkh at Al-Madina Stadium. Al-Shorta made their third appearance in the Super Cup while Al-Karkh made their first appearance. Al-Shorta won the match 1–0 with a goal from Abdoul Madjid Moumouni to clinch their second Super Cup title.
Rhamphochromis
Rhamphochromis is a genus of East African haplochromine cichlids endemic to the Lake Malawi basin, also including Lake Malombe, Lake Chilingali, Chia Lagoon and upper Shire River. They mainly occur in offshore open waters (down to depths of 200 m or 660 ft), but a few species also near the coast. They are piscivores that typically feed on lake sardines and small utaka cichlids.

They are elongated in shape and mainly silver or golden-silver in color, sometimes with yellow fins (especially pelvic and anal fins) and dark horizontal lines along the body. Depending on the species involved, they reach lengths of up to 28 to 45 cm (11–18 in).

Although not closely related, they have sometimes been compared to piscivorous Bathybates cichlids of Lake Tanganyika.

Utaka
Utaka is a term used for multiple open water-dwelling cichlid species that are found in Lake Malawi, the most diverse source of cichlids in the world of aquaria.  Among others, they comprise all the members of the genera Copadichromis and Mchenga.  "Utaka" apparently occupy the opposite of the niches used by the mbuna, the more common type of Malawi cichlid that dwells among rocks along the lake's fringes and bottom.

Unlike mbuna, which are generally colorful from birth, utaka tend to be very neutral in color -- mostly greys -- until they reach adulthood, because their free-swimming nature leaves them more vulnerable to predation. They are highly sexually dimorphic: the females of this informal group tend to remain bland in coloration, while the males often become spectacularly colorful, leading to common names like "peacock cichlid."
Newbury, Kent
Newbury is a hamlet near the village of Erriottwood, in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, England. It is south of the town of Sittingbourne, and in the far south of Tonge civil parish, on the boundary with Rodmersham parish. The OS grid reference is TQ9260.

Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne is an industrial town in the Swale district of Kent, southeast England, 17 miles (27 km) from Canterbury and 45 miles (72 km) from London, beside the Roman Watling Street, an ancient trackway used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons. In 2021 it had a population of 54,392.

The town stands next to the Swale, a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey. The town became prominent after the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, since it provided a convenient resting point on the road from London to Canterbury and Dover.

Chatham Main Line links to London Victoria station and HS1 to St Pancras International, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
Mercenaries in popular culture
Like piracy, the mercenary ethos resonates with idealized adventure, mystery, and danger, and appears frequently in popular culture. Many are called adventurers, filibusters, soldiers of fortune, gunslingers, gunrunners, ronin, and knights errant.

Knight-errant
A knight-errant (or knight errant) is a figure of medieval chivalric romance literature. The adjective errant (meaning "wandering, roving") indicates how the knight-errant would wander the land in search of adventures to prove his chivalric virtues, either in knightly duels (pas d'armes) or in some other pursuit of courtly love.
Confluence Cone
Confluence Cone (68°56′S 66°40′W﻿ / ﻿68.933°S 66.667°W﻿ / -68.933; -66.667) is a small but conspicuous nunatak 4 nautical miles (7 km) southeast of Sickle Mountain, near the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947. It was surveyed from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1958, and so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee because of its position at the confluence of several glaciers which merge with Hariot Glacier to flow into the Wordie Ice Shelf.

Wordie Ice Shelf
The Wordie Ice Shelf (69°15′S 67°45′W﻿ / ﻿69.250°S 67.750°W﻿ / -69.250; -67.750) was a confluent glacier projecting as an ice shelf into the SE part of Marguerite Bay between Cape Berteaux and Mount Edgell, along the western coast of Antarctic Peninsula.

In March 2008, the British Antarctic Survey reported that it appeared ready to break away from the Antarctic Peninsula. By April 2009 it had done so, vanishing completely.

Discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37, who named this feature for Sir James Wordie, Honorary Secretary (later President) of the Royal Geographical Society, member of the Discovery Committee, and chairman of the Scott Polar Research Institute. He also had been geologist and Chief of the Scientific Staff of the British expedition, 1914–16, under Ernest Shackleton.
Bortier Gallery
The Bortier Gallery (French: Galerie Bortier; Dutch: Bortiergalerij) is a glazed shopping arcade in central Brussels, Belgium. It was designed by Jean-Pierre Cluysenaer in 1847, in a neo-Renaissance style, and opened in the following year. As well as being one of the first European shopping arcades, it is a fine example of the joint use of cast iron and glass.

The gallery is situated between the Mont des Arts/Kunstberg and the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square), not far from the more monumental Royal Saint-Hubert Galleries. It is owned by the City of Brussels and is managed by its Land Administration services. This site is served by Brussels-Central railway station.

Brussels-Central railway station
Brussels-Central railway station (French: Gare de Bruxelles-Central; Dutch: Station Brussel-Centraal) is a railway and metro station in central Brussels, Belgium. It is the second busiest railway station in Belgium and one of three principal railway stations in Brussels, together with Brussels-South and Brussels-North. First completed in 1952 after protracted delays caused by economic difficulties and World War II, it is the newest of Brussels' main rail hubs. The train services are operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB/NMBS).

Brussels-Central is connected to the rapid transit Gare Centrale/Centraal Station station on lines 1 and 5 of the Brussels Metro system, and serves as an important node of the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB).
Seiler oscillator
The Seiler oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator. It was presented in 1941 by E. O. Seiler. The original implementation used a vacuum tube in an Electron-coupled oscillator circuit. Like the Clapp oscillator and the Vackář oscillator it is a variation of the Colpitts oscillator. It uses a voltage divider made of two capacitors, named C3 and C4 in the original schematic. The tuning capacitor C1 is parallel to the inductance L1 of the LC circuit. In an Clapp oscillator, the tuning capacitor is in series to the inductance. The variable capacitor C2 controls the coupling between the tube and tank (LC circuit).

Clapp oscillator
The Clapp oscillator or Gouriet oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that uses a particular combination of an inductor and three capacitors to set the oscillator's frequency. LC oscillators use a transistor (or vacuum tube or other gain element) and a positive feedback network. The oscillator has good frequency stability.
Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians RFC
Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians Rugby Football Club, often abbreviated to GHA and colloquially referred to as G-HA!! /ˈdʒiːhɑː/, is a rugby union club based in the Giffnock area of East Renfrewshire, Scotland. The club plays its home matches at Braidholm and currently competes in the Scottish Premiership since having been promoted at the end of the 2024-25 Scottish National League Division One season.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
Esquimalt—Saanich
Esquimalt—Saanich was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988. This riding was created in 1952 from parts of Nanaimo riding.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca and Saanich—Gulf Islands  ridings. It consisted of the southern part of Vancouver Island and off-shore islands.

Nanaimo (electoral district)
Nanaimo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1979.

This riding was created as Nanaimo riding in 1903 from parts of Vancouver and Victoria ridings.

Its legal description when it was created was: "The electoral district of Nanaimo, comprising the provincial electoral districts of Cowichan, Esquimalt, Nanaimo City, Newcastle, Saanich and The Islands."

Nanaimo electoral district was renamed Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands in 1962.
Anno Birkin
Alexander Kingdom Nik-o "Anno" Birkin (9 December 1980 – 8 November 2001) was an English poet and musician. He received critical acclaim before he and his bandmates Alberto Mangili and Lee Citron were killed in a car accident. The charity Anno's Africa was founded in his name.

David Birkin
David Tristan Birkin (born 21 November 1977) is a British artist working with photography and performance art. He is a Senior Lecturer at London College of Communication, University of the Arts London. Birkin is the co-founder of Visible Justice, a research platform for artists, activists, writers, journalists, photographers, filmmakers, and human rights lawyers working at the intersection of visual culture and social justice. He has also worked as a motion picture and theatre actor.
Dolphin Mall
Dolphin Mall is a discount outlet shopping mall in Miami, Florida, United States. Opened in 2001, it consists of over 1,400,000 square feet (130,000 m2) of retail space. Major tenants of the mall include Bass Pro Shops, Burlington, Marshalls, Off 5th, and Ross Dress for Less. Other amenities of the mall include Dave & Buster's and a movie theater owned by CMX. The mall is owned and managed by Simon Property Group, which was formerly Taubman Realty Group, then Taubman Centers, one of the original developers for the mall. Simon Property Group completed a 100% buyout of Taubman in November 2025, and fully absorbed the company in February 2026.

Simon Property Group
Simon Media Properties, LLC, doing business as Simon Property Group, Inc., is an American real estate investment trust that invests in shopping malls, outlet centers, and community/lifestyle centers. It is the largest owner of shopping malls in the United States and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. As of December 31, 2024, it owned  interests in 232 properties.
2015 Rallye Deutschland
The 2015 Rallye Deutschland was a motor racing event for rally cars that was held over four days between 20 and 23 August 2015. It marked the 33rd running of the Rallye Deutschland, and was the ninth round of the 2015 season for the World Rally Championship, WRC-2, WRC-3 championships, as well as the third round of the FIA R-GT Cup.

Rallye Deutschland
The ADAC Rallye Deutschland is a rally event held in Germany. The event was first held in 1982 and originally hosted by e.g. Frankfurt, Mainz and Koblenz. In 2000, the rally was relocated to the region around Trier. Previously part of the European and German championships, the event was in the World Rally Championship calendar from the 2002 season to 2020 season. The 2020 event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst Rallye Deutschland has not returned to calendar since Germany has since 2023 co-hosted rally with Austria and the Czech Republic under the title of the Central European Rally.
Climate of Ghana
The climate of Ghana is tropical. The eastern coastal belt is warm and comparatively dry, the south-west corner of Ghana is hot and humid, and the north of Ghana is hot and dry. Ghana is located on the Gulf of Guinea, only a few degrees north of the Equator, giving it a warm climate.

Dahomey Gap
In West Africa, the Dahomey Gap refers to the portion of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic that extends all the way to the coast in Benin, Togo, and Ghana, thus separating the forest zone that covers much of the south of the region into two separate parts. The forest region west of the gap is called the Upper Guinean forests or Guinean forest zone, and the portion east of the gap is called the Lower Guinean forests, Lower Guinean-Congolian forests, or Congolian Forest Zone.

The major cities in the Gap are Accra, Lomé, Cotonou and Porto-Novo. Several other cities, such as Kumasi, exist on the fringe of the Gap.
Supyan Abdullayev
Supyan Abdullaev (Russian: Супьян Абдуллаев; 8 November 1956 – 28 March 2011) was the vice president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. He was appointed to this position (vacant since the death of Shamil Basayev) on 19 March 2007, by the President of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Dokka Umarov. He was considered the most senior figure after Umarov in the ranks of the Caucasian Emirate and a possible successor.

Abdullayev was commander of the Jundullah Brigade, linked to the Vedeno-based wing of the Chechen resistance movement which was close to Basayev. He was primarily a religious figure rather than a military man, alike Abdul-Halim Sadulayev.

Vice President of Ichkeria
The vice president of Ichkeria was the deputy and the first successor of the President of Ichkeria, replacing the latter in case of death, temporary disability or illness.

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999 (see First Chechen War, Second Chechen War). Ichkeria's last presidential elections were held in January 1997.

The Parliament of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria suspended the position of Vice President in November 2007 until next presidential elections.
Counterpart theory
In philosophy, specifically in the area of metaphysics, counterpart theory is an alternative to standard (Kripkean) possible-worlds semantics for interpreting quantified modal logic. Counterpart theory still presupposes possible worlds, but differs in certain important respects from the Kripkean view. The form of the theory most commonly cited was developed by David Lewis, first in a paper and later in his book On the Plurality of Worlds.

Haecceity
Haecceity (/hɛkˈsiːɪti, hiːk-/; from the Latin haecceitas, 'thisness') is a term from medieval scholastic philosophy, first coined by followers of Duns Scotus to denote a concept that he seems to have originated: the irreducible determination of a thing that makes it this particular thing. Haecceity is a person's or object's thisness, the individualising difference between the concept "a person" and the concept "Socrates" (i.e., a specific person). In modern philosophy of physics, it is sometimes referred to as primitive thisness.
Vision of Medea
Vision of Medea is an 1828 oil painting by the British artist J.M.W. Turner combining elements of landscape and history painting. It features a scene based on Greek Mythology with Medea gathering ingredients to cast a spell after she has been rejected by Jason, the leader of the Argonauts.

It was produced while Turner was visiting Italy and was first shown in a mini-exhibition in his artist's studio at the Palazzo Trulli in Rome. Although he hoped to display it at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1829 at Somerset House, it did not arrive from Italy in time. Two years later it was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1831 where it hung to one side of John Constable's Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, sandwiching it between another Turner picture Caligula's Palace and Bridge.

Today the painting is in the collection of the Tate Britain in London having been part of the Turner Bequest of 1856.

Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows was painted by John Constable in 1831, three years after the death of his wife, Maria. It is currently on display in London, at Tate Britain, in the Clore gallery. The painting displays a cathedral, looking across the River Nadder. Three horses pull a cart across the river, while cattle and a sheepdog are also visible.

Constable later added nine lines from The Seasons by the eighteenth-century poet James Thomson that reveal the painting's meaning: that the rainbow is a symbol of hope after a storm that follows on the death of the young Amelia in the arms of her lover Celadon. Constable exhibited this painting at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1831, but continued working on it during 1833 and 1834. The art historians Leslie Parris and Ian Fleming-Williams have described the painting as the climax of his artistic career.
Brennan Ward
Brennan Ward (born June 28, 1988) is an former American professional mixed martial artist and current Bare Knuckle Boxer who most recently competed in Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2008, Ward formerly competed for CES MMA, Bellator MMA and was the Bellator Season Nine Middleweight Tournament Winner.

2014 in Bellator MMA
2014 in Bellator MMA was the tenth season for Bellator MMA, a mixed martial arts promotion. It began on February 28, 2014 and aired on Spike TV.

The season included tournaments for the Heavyweight, Welterweight, Featherweight, Light Heavyweight, and Lightweight weight classes. At the end of the season, Bellator held its first pay-per-view event, Bellator 120, on May 17, 2014.
ABC South West WA
ABC South West WA is an ABC Local Radio station based in Bunbury. The station broadcasts to the South West region of Western Australia.  This includes the towns of Busselton, Bridgetown, Manjimup and Margaret River.

The station broadcasts through the following main AM transmitters, as well as some low power FM repeaters:

6BS 684 AM

6BR 1044 AM

6MJ 738 AM

When local programs are not broadcast the station is a relay of ABC South Coast and ABC Radio Perth.

ABC Radio Perth
ABC Radio Perth (call sign: 6WF) is the on-air identifier of a radio station located in Perth, Western Australia, operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, and broadcasting at 720 kHz AM and 102.5 MHz FM. It is the flagship ABC Local Radio station in Western Australia. The station was established under the Sealed Set scheme by Westralian Farmers in 1924, sold to the Commonwealth Government in 1928 and provided with programmes by the Australian Broadcasting Company, became part of the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1932, which became the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 1983.