hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Supertaster
Supertasters are individuals whose sense of taste for certain flavors and foods, is far more sensitive than the average person. The term originated with experimental psychologist Linda Bartoshuk and is not the result of response bias or a scaling artifact but appears to have an anatomical or biological basis.

Over the past two decades, the study of many differences in oral sensation has grown to encompass the idea of supertasting. Originally identified as the heightened response to the suprathreshold bitterness of concentrated propylthiouracil (PROP), the contemporary view supports that supertasting encompasses an elevated response to all taste qualities.

Lingual papillae
Lingual papillae (sg.: papilla, from Latin  lingua 'tongue' and  papilla 'nipple, teat') are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give it its characteristic rough texture. The four types of papillae on the human tongue have different structures and are accordingly classified as circumvallate (or vallate), fungiform, filiform, and foliate. All except the filiform papillae are associated with taste buds.
Clethrionomys
Clethrionomys is a genus of small, slender voles. In recent years the genus name was changed to Myodes, however a 2019 paper found that Myodes was actually a junior synonym for Lemmus, thus making it unusable. As such, Clethrionomys is re-established as the proper genus name. At the same time, several species were moved to the genus Craseomys, so members of both genera are referred to as red-backed voles. This genus was described by Johannes von Nepomuk Franz Xaver Gistel under the pseudonym "G. Tilesius". Some authors cite the taxonomic authority as "Gistel, 1850", whereas others still use "Tilesius, 1850".

The complete list of species is:

Western red-backed vole, Clethrionomys californicus

Tien Shan red-backed vole, Clethrionomys centralis

Southern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys gapperi

Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus

Northern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus

Southern red-backed vole
The southern red-backed vole or Gapper's red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) is a small slender vole found in Canada and the northern United States. It is closely related to the western red-backed vole (Clethrionomys californius), which lives to the south and west of its range and which is less red with a less sharply bicolored tail.
West Driefontein
West Driefontein was a South African gold mining company belonging to the Goldfields Group (now Sibanye Gold).

It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) outside Carletonville next to Blyvooruitsig and East Driefontein. It used to be the richest gold mine in the world before it was flooded by water.

Blyvooruitzicht
Blyvooruitzicht (locally /ˈbleɪfʊəreɪtsəxt/ BLAY-foor-ayt-səkht; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈbləifuəˌrœytsəχt]) is a gold mine and gold-mining village in Gauteng, South Africa. It is situated about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the centre of Carletonville and 80 kilometres (50 mi) westwards from Johannesburg.
Beilstein test
The Beilstein test is a simple qualitative chemical test for organic halides. It was developed by Friedrich Konrad Beilstein.

A copper wire is cleaned and heated in a Bunsen burner flame to form a coating of copper(II) oxide. It is then dipped in the sample to be tested and once again heated in a flame. A positive test is indicated by a green flame caused by the formation of a copper halide.  The test does not detect fluorine/fluorides.

This test is no longer frequently used. One reason why it is not widely used is that it is possible to generate the highly toxic chloro-dioxins if the test material is a polychloroarene.

An alternative wet test for halide is the sodium fusion test — this test converts organic material to inorganic salts include the sodium halide. Addition of silver nitrate solution causes any halides to precipitate as the respective silver halide.

Silver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.
Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly
Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly (28 November 1624 – 29 January 1684) was a French Jansenist nun. Niece of Angélique Arnauld, daughter of Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, and sister of Antoine Arnauld and Simon Arnauld, Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly was from the Jansenist Arnauld family.

Robert Arnauld d'Andilly
Robert Arnauld d’Andilly (28 May 1589 – 27 September 1674, abbaye de Port-Royal-des-Champs) was a French conseiller d’État, specialising in financial questions, in the court of Marie de' Medici. By the elegance of his language, he was among the major poets, writers and translators of 17th century French classicism. A fervent Catholic, he played an important role in the history of Jansenism and was one of the Solitaires of Port-Royal-des-Champs. He was also renowned for his part in the development of the pruning of fruit trees, to which he was devoted.
Venezuelan LGBTQ cinema
In Venezuelan cinema, national LGBT-themed films, largely those that deal with homosexuality and homophobia in society, have become the industry's main drivers in the 2010s.

The new wave of LGBT+ cinema in Venezuela has been likened to the Cuban gay cinema movement of the 1990s. Until 2017, the country had one LGBT+ film festival, which had started in 2011: FESTDIVQ (Festival Venezolano de Cine de la Diversidad).:293

Blue and Not So Pink
Blue and Not So Pink (Spanish: Azul y no tan rosa, released in the U.S. as My Straight Son) is a 2012 comedy-drama film written and directed by Miguel Ferrari in his directorial debut.

The film won the Goya Award for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film at the 28th Goya Awards in 2014, the first Venezuelan film to do so.

The film deals with controversial issues in Venezuelan society: homophobic violence, homosexuality, transsexualism and domestic violence. The film had its U.S. premiere on 25 June 2014 at the Frameline Film Festival.
2010 European Track Championships – Men's team pursuit
The Men's Team Pursuit was one of the 6 men's events at the 2010 European Track Championships, held in Pruszków, Poland.

Twelve teams of 4 cyclists each participated in the contest. After the qualifying, the fastest 2 teams raced for gold, and 3rd and 4th teams raced for bronze.

The Qualifying and the Finals were held on November 5.

2010 UEC European Track Championships
The 2010 European Track Championships were the inaugural elite European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at the BGŻ Arena in Pruszków, Poland, between 5 and 7 November.

All ten Olympic events (sprint, team sprint, keirin, team pursuit and omnium all for both men and women) and a men's madison championship were held as part of the championships. The Championships were the first European event for qualification for the 2012 Olympic Games.
Renaissance literature
Renaissance literature refers to European literature which was influenced by the intellectual and cultural tendencies associated with the Renaissance. The literature of the Renaissance was written within the general movement of the Renaissance, which arose in 14th-century Italy and continued until the mid-17th century in England while being diffused into the rest of the western world. It is characterized by the adoption of a humanist philosophy and the recovery of the classical Antiquity. It benefited from the spread of printing in the latter part of the 15th century.

Ludovico Ariosto
Ludovico Ariosto (UK: /æriˈɒstoʊ/, US: /ɑːriˈ-/; Italian: [ludoˈviːko aˈrjɔsto, - ariˈɔsto]; 8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato, describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with diversions into many sideplots. The poem is transformed into a satire of the chivalric tradition. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work.

Ariosto also coined the term "humanism" (in Italian, umanesimo) for choosing to focus upon the strengths and potential of humanity, rather than only upon its role as subordinate to God. This led to Renaissance humanism.
Sulfur oxide
Sulfur oxides (SOx) are a group of chemical compounds composed of sulfur and oxygen. The most common sulfur oxides are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3). Sulfur oxides are produced naturally through volcanic activity and are also released into the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels and industrial processes.

Lower sulfur oxides (SnO, S7O2 and S6O2)

Sulfur monoxide (SO) and its dimer, disulfur dioxide (S2O2)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)

Higher sulfur oxides (SO3, SO4, and polymeric condensates of them)

Disulfur monoxide (S2O)

Higher sulfur oxides
Higher sulfur oxides are a group of chemical compounds with the formula SO3+x where x lies between 0 and 1. They contain peroxo (O−O) groups, and the oxidation state of sulfur is +6 as in SO3.

Monomeric SO4 can be isolated at low temperatures (below 78 K) following the reaction of SO3 and atomic oxygen or photolysis of SO3–ozone mixtures. The favoured structure is:

Colourless polymeric condensates are formed in the reaction of gaseous SO3 or SO2 with O2 in a silent electric discharge. The structure of the polymers is based on β-SO3 (one of the three forms of solid SO3) with oxide bridges (−O−) replaced randomly by peroxide bridges (−O−O−). As such these compounds are non-stoichiometric.
Gabriel Clark
Gabriel Clark D.D., was  an English Anglican priest in the 17th century.

Clark was  born in Hertfordshire and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He held livings at Middleton Stoney and Elwick, County Durham. Clark was Archdeacon of Northumberland from 1619 to 1620 and Archdeacon of Durham until 1620 until his death on 10 May 1662.

Archdeacon of Durham
The Archdeacon of Durham is a senior ecclesiastical officer of the diocese of Durham (Church of England). They have, within the geographical area of the archdeaconry of Durham, pastoral oversight of clergy and care of church buildings (among other responsibilities).
Lymphoepithelioma
Lymphoepithelioma is a type of poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma characterized by prominent infiltration of lymphocytes in the area involved by tumor.  Lymphoepithelioma is also known as "class III nasopharyngeal carcinoma" in the WHO classification system. It has a high tendency to metastasize and is responsive to radiotherapy. Most cases are associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas are carcinomas that arise outside of the nasopharynx, but resemble a lymphoepithelioma histologically.  Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas may be found in almost any epithelial organ, including the lung, thymus, breast, colon, endometrium, prostate, and skin,  as well as urinary bladder, trachea, esophagus, stomach, salivary glands, vulva.

Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.

Carcinomas occur when the DNA of a cell is damaged or altered and the cell begins to grow uncontrollably and becomes malignant.

The word is derived from the Greek: καρκίνωμα, romanized: karkinoma, lit. 'sore, ulcer, cancer' (itself derived from karkinos meaning crab).
Thirra
Thirra or Theyyam thira is a ritual dance performed in "Kaavu" (grove) and temples of the Malabar region in Kerala State, South India. This art form is performed by the artists of malaya (the artist who recognised for performing the art form called as a "perumalayan") community. This art is performed during Utsavam (annual temple festival). Clan deities such as Bhagavathi, Shiva are worshipped in these forms. It is usually celebrated from mid-December to mid-March, for a duration of 2–3 days in different temples, varying from temple to temple.

Sacred dance
Sacred dance is the use of dance in religious ceremonies and rituals, present in most religions throughout history and prehistory. Its connection with the human body and fertility has caused it to be forbidden by some religions; for example, some branches of Christianity and Islam have prohibited dancing. Dance has formed a major element of worship in Hindu temples, with strictly formalized styles such as Bharatanatyam, which require skilled dancers and temple musicians. In the 20th century, sacred dance has been revived by choreographers such as Bernhard Wosien as a means of developing community spirit.
2011 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial
The Women's time trial of the 2011 UCI Road World Championships cycling event took place on 20 September 2011 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

After three previous silver medals in the event, Germany's Judith Arndt took her first gold medal in the damp conditions, recording a time 21 seconds quicker than any of her rivals. New Zealand's Linda Villumsen improved upon her two previous bronze medals to finish second, and the reigning world champion Emma Pooley completed the podium, 2.4 seconds behind Villumsen.

2011 UCI Road World Championships
The 2011 UCI Road World Championships took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, over 19–25 September 2011. The event consisted of a cycling road race and a time trial for men, women, men under 23, and for the first time since 2004 the junior men and junior women competed at the same event as the elite riders. It was the 78th running of the Road World Championships. Castelfidardo near Loreto in Italy was also a candidate, but Italy held the UCI Road World Championships in Varese in 2008. It was the first time that Denmark has hosted the event since 1956, when it was also held in Copenhagen.
Melittosphex
Melittosphex is an aculeate wasp genus, the only genus in the family Melittosphecidae, that contains only one species, Melittosphex burmensis, which was formerly considered one of the two oldest-known species of bees. The species was described from an inclusion in Burmese amber in the year 2006 by George Poinar Jr., a zoologist at Oregon State University. The fossil was found in a mine in the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar and is believed to date from the Cretaceous Period, 100 million years ago.

Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The amber is of significant palaeontological interest due to the diversity of flora and fauna contained as inclusions, particularly arthropods including insects and arachnids but also birds, lizards, snakes, frogs and fragmentary dinosaur remains. The amber has been known and commercially exploited since the first century AD, and has been known to science since the mid-nineteenth century. Research on the deposit has attracted controversy due to the potential role of the amber trade in funding internal conflict in Myanmar and hazardous working conditions in the mines where it is collected.
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2021
The 27th Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2021, were announced on December 20, 2021. These awards "recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film" are presented annually by the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA), based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas. The association, founded in and presenting awards since 1990, includes 30 film critics for print, radio, television, and internet publications based in North Texas. It is also committed to ensuring that their membership represents a broad range of voices, ideas and perspectives from across cultural, gender and ideological spectra.

The Power of the Dog was the DFWFCA's most awarded film of 2021, taking five honors: Best Picture, Best Director (Jane Campion), Best Actor (Benedict Cumberbatch), Best Supporting Actor (Kodi Smit-McPhee), and Best Screenplay (Campion).

Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
The Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA) is an organization of over 20 print, radio/TV and internet journalists from Dallas–Fort Worth-based publications. In December of each year, the DFWFCA meets to vote on their Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards for films released in the same calendar year.

In December 2006, the Miami Herald described the association as "one of the most reliable bellwethers of the Academy Award for Best Picture."
Northumbrian Water
Northumbrian Water Limited is a water company in the United Kingdom, providing mains water and sewerage services in  the English counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, Durham and parts of North Yorkshire. Northumbrian Water Limited also supplies water in eastern England under the name Essex and Suffolk Water. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Northumbrian Water Group.

Essex and Suffolk Water
Essex and Suffolk Water is a water supply company in the United Kingdom. It operates in two geographically distinct areas, one serving parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the other serving parts of Essex and Greater London. The total population served is 1.8 million. Essex and Suffolk is a 'water only' supplier, with sewerage services provided by Anglian Water and Thames Water within its areas of supply. It is part of the Northumbrian Water Group.
Egyptian Media Production City
Egyptian Media Production City Co SAE (EMPC) is an information and media complex located in the city of 6th of October City in the Giza Governorate of Egypt. It is listed on the Egyptian Exchange, though most of its shares are owned by the Government of Egypt through the National Media Authority as well as other state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It covers an area of about 35 million square meters (more than 600 feddans).

Egyptian Exchange
The Egyptian Exchange (EGX), Egypt's stock exchange, comprises two exchanges, Cairo and Alexandria, both governed by the same board of directors and sharing the same trading, clearing and settlement systems. Presently, the chairman of the Egyptian Exchange is Ahmed Abdelrahman.

Transactions taking place in the stock exchange are not subject to capital gains tax. Dividends distributed by companies listed on the exchange to shareholders are also not subject to income tax. However, in 2013, a 0.001 percent tax on all stock market transactions was imposed. In 2013, the Ministry of Finance announced that the government intended to repeal a 10 percent capital gains tax imposed on mergers and acquisitions the year earlier, as well as a planned tax on cash dividends, and refund investors who paid it.

The Egyptian Exchange is a member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges.
Dodo Kuranosuke
Dodo Kuranosuke (百々内蔵助, died 1560) was a Japanese samurai, and was a retainer of the Rokkaku clan until 1558, when he launched a rebellion against Rokkaku clan.

After he betrayed Rokkaku Yoshikata, and then fled to the safety of Sawayama Castle in present-day Shiga Prefecture, Honshu. Kuranosuke was besieged there, but held off every enemy attack until a force of ninja under Tateoka Doshun infiltrated and burnt the castle.

In 1560 his forces aided the Azai clan at the Battle of Norada against the Rokkaku. He fought his archenemy until the end, when he died in battle with them.

Rokkaku Yoshikata
Rokkaku Yoshikata (六角 義賢; 1521 – 19 April 1598) was a samurai head of the Rokkaku clan during Japan's Sengoku period. He was shugo (governor) and later daimyō of an area of southern Ōmi province, he served as castellan of Kannonji Castle. He later became a Buddhist monk, under the name Shōtei.
Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa
Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa is a subspecies of tree of the family Oleaceae. Like the related species Olea welwitschii, it grows in sandy desert regions of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. It is an inconspicuous plant that does not attain great height, in contrast to O. welwitschii which can attain a height of 25 metres.

Olea welwitschii
Olea welwitschii, the Elgon teak, is a species of tree in the family Oleaceae. It ranges across parts of subsaharan Africa, from Cameroon in the west to Ethiopia and Kenya in the east, and south to Angola, Zambia, and Mozambique. It is a forest species, ranging from lowland tropical rainforests to evergreen montane forests.

Olea welwitschii is evergreen, and can grow up to 35 meters in height. It is used locally and commercially for timber.

Olea welwitschii is sometimes classified as a subspecies of Olea capensis.

The species is named for botanist Friedrich Welwitsch.
Altes Schloss (Bad Berneck)
The Altes Schloss ("Old Castle") near Bad Berneck in south Germany is a ruined castle built in the Gothic style as an Amtsburg towards the end of the High Middle Ages. The castle lies on the Schlossberg ("castle hill") of Bad Berneck in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth in Bavaria. Today the lofty keep is the emblem of this small spa town.

The ruins are open to the public at any time.

Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge
Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈbɛʁnɛk ʔɪm ˈfɪçtl̩ɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ, lit. 'Bad Berneck in the Fichtel Mountains') is a spa town in the district of Bayreuth, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the White Main river, in the Fichtel Mountains, 13 km northeast of Bayreuth. It lies in the northern part of the Bavarian province of Upper Franconia. Since 1857 it has been a spa, initially based on its climate and whey products. In 1930 it became a Kneipp spa and, in 1950, a Kneipp health spa.
Stary Bostów
Stary Bostów [ˈstarɨ ˈbɔstuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Pawłów, 16 km (10 mi) south of Starachowice, and 33 km (21 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Pawłów, Starachowice County
Pawłów [ˈpavwuf] is a village in Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pawłów. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Starachowice and 36 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Javad Hakimli
Senior Lieutenant Javad Hakimli was an Azerbaijani-Soviet guerrilla who commanded a Soviet POW battalion of the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II.

He is most noted for being the commander of Mehdi Huseynzade, a Hero of the Soviet Union whose military exploits he recounted after the war.

9th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
The Partisan 9th Corps (Slovene: IX Korpus), was a formation of the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II. It consisted of division and brigade-size units, and operated in the Italian-annexed Province of Ljubljana, in Yugoslav territories under German civil administration, the Independent State of Croatia and northeastern Italy during World War II.

The corps took part in many operations against Germans and Italians forces prior to the surrender of Italy on 8 September 1943. One of the most significant was the German Operation Adler.

After a decision of Palmiro Togliatti, all communist units (named Garibaldini after Giuseppe Garibaldi) operating in territories reclaimed by the Yugoslavs were to be incorporated into the Yugoslav Partisans, and wrote personally the content of the order of the day to be adopted by communist partisans.