hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saqib Nisar
Mian Saqib Nisar (Urdu: میاں ثاقب نثار; born 18 January 1954) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the 25th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 31 December 2016 till 17 January 2019. He was previously the federal Law Secretary. He was also a visiting professor of law at the University of the Punjab, teaching constitutional law.

Ascended as a judge of the Supreme Court on 18 February 2010, he was elevated as chief justice when Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali reached his constitutionally set retiring age.

Government College University, Lahore
The Government College University (colloquially known as GCU; Punjabi, Urdu: گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی) is a public research university in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Founded as Government College, Lahore, in 1864 under British administration, it became a university in 2002.
Aston Martin V8 Vantage (1977)
See also Aston Martin V8 Vantage (disambiguation) for other models sharing this name

The Aston Martin V8 Vantage is a British grand tourer, a higher performance version of the Aston Martin V8. It was hailed at its 1977 introduction as "Britain's First Supercar" for its 170 mph (270 km/h) top speed. Its engine was shared with the Lagonda, but it used high-performance camshafts, increased compression ratio, larger inlet valves and bigger carburettors mounted on new manifolds for increased output. Straight-line performance was the best of the day, with acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.3 seconds, one-tenth of a second quicker than the Ferrari Daytona.

Convertible
A convertible or cabriolet (/ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/) is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place. The methods of retracting and storing the roof vary across eras and manufacturers.

A convertible car's design allows an open-air driving experience, with the ability to provide a roof when required. A potential drawback of convertibles is their reduced structural rigidity (requiring significant engineering and modification to counteract the side effects of almost completely removing a car's roof).

The majority of convertible roofs are of a folding construction framework with the actual top made from cloth or other fabric. Other types of convertible roofs include retractable hardtops (often constructed from metal or plastic) and detachable hardtops (where a metal or plastic roof is manually removed and often stored in the trunk).
66th New York State Legislature
The 66th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 3 to April 18, 1843, during the first year of William C. Bouck's governorship, in Albany.

Cortland County, New York
Cortland County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population of Cortland County was 46,809. The county seat is Cortland. The county is named after Pierre Van Cortlandt, president of the convention at Kingston that wrote the first New York State Constitution in 1777, and first lieutenant governor of the state. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cortland County comprises the Cortland, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Ithaca–Cortland, NY Combined Statistical Area.

The Cortland apple is named for the county.
Warwick services
Warwick Services is a motorway service station on the M40 motorway in Warwickshire, England. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Warwick and is owned by Welcome Break.

It is situated on two bases at each side of the motorway, and was opened in early 1996 as the second of four service stations which serve the M40. It was the second of four service stations to open on the motorway. The M40 northbound services are between junction 12 and 13.

Throughout 2007 the northbound Days Inn hotel was closed as the ground floor had completely flooded, although it has since reopened.

Until recently they had to be signed as 'Welcome Break Coffee Primo' as they only recently gained a KFC outlet. The southbound services were one of the first to gain a KFC facility.

Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.
Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes also Company Raj, from Hindi rāj, lit. 'rule') was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and replaced with Mir Jafar, who had the support of the East India Company; or in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company abolished local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal and established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General of Fort William, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Government of India Act 1858, the India Office of the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.

Rupee
Rupee (UK: /ˌruːˈpiː/, US: /ˈruːpiː/) is the common name for the currencies of India,  Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Africa, Burma, German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien), and Tibet. In Indonesia and the Maldives, the unit of currency is known as rupiah and rufiyaa respectively, cognates of the word rupee.

The Indian rupee and Pakistani rupee are subdivided into one hundred paise (singular paisa) or pice. The Nepalese rupee (रू) subdivides into one hundred paisa (singular and plural) or four sukaas. The Mauritian, Seychellois, and Sri Lankan rupees subdivide into 100 cents.
Per Ulven
Per Ulven (31 October 1925 – 15 December 2009) was a Norwegian harness racer.

He was born in Vang Municipality in Hedmark county, where he grew up on the family farm Bjørke. His father and brothers were also active horsemen. In 1928 his father moved to establish a stables at Bjerke Travbane, which also became Per Ulven's home field. He won 1750 races in Norway, among them five Norwegian championships. He is the only person, together with Gunnar Eggen, to win Norsk Travderby nine times.

Gunnar Eggen
Gunnar Eggen (3 January 1946 – 10 October 2024) was a Norwegian harness racer.

He won more than 5,000 harness races during his career, including victories in Oslo Grand Prix, Olympiatravet, and the March of Dimes Trot.
Vitalac
Vitalac (Serbian Cyrillic: Виталац) is a village in the Nikšić municipality of Montenegro. Once a separate settlement, the westbound expansion of Nikšić over the years means that Vitalac forms part of a conurbation with the larger city. The village is located along the main road to Montenegro's border crossings with Bosnia and Herzegovina (one for Trebinje and the other for Bileća).

Nikšić
Nikšić (Cyrillic: Никшић, pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]), is Montenegro's second-largest city, with an urban population of 66,700 as of the 2023 census. It lies in the western region of the country, at the heart of the expansive Nikšić field, nestled at the base of Trebjesa Hill.

Nikšić serves as the administrative center of the Nikšić Municipality, which encompasses a population of 65,705 and spans the largest area among all Montenegrin municipalities. By territory, it was also the largest municipality in the former Yugoslavia. The city plays a key role as a hub for industry, education, and culture in the country.
Thalassema steinbecki
Thalassema steinbecki  is a species of marine echiuran worm. It is found in the northeast Pacific Ocean. This species was formally described in 1946 by the American marine biologist Walter Kenrick Fisher (1878-1953), the specific name honours the American novelist John Steinbeck (1902-1968) who led the expedition which collected the type specimens.

Echiura
The Echiura, or spoon worms, are a small group of marine animals. Once treated as a separate phylum, they are now considered to belong to Annelida. Annelids typically have their bodies divided into segments, but echiurans have secondarily lost their segmentation. The majority of echiurans live in burrows in soft sediment in shallow water, but some live in rock crevices or under boulders, and there are also deep sea forms. More than 230 species have been described.
Spoon worms are cylindrical, soft-bodied animals usually possessing a non-retractable proboscis which can be rolled into a scoop-shape to feed. In some species the proboscis is ribbon-like, longer than the trunk and may have a forked tip. Spoon worms vary in size from less than a centimetre in length to more than a metre.

Most are deposit feeders, collecting detritus from the sea floor. Fossils of these worms are seldom found and the earliest known fossil specimen is from the Middle Ordovician.
Dirar ibn al-Khattab
Dhiraar ibn al-Khattab (Arabic: ضرار بن الخطاب) was a warrior participating in the early Islamic conquests. Dhiraar's father, al-Khattab bin Mirdas bin Kathir, was the head of the Banu Fihr clan of Quraish subclan are found throughout his works. Khattab bin Mirdas has lineage through their grandfather, Fihr ibn Malik, with the Prophet. His mother was Hind bint Malik Umm Dhiraar bint Amr, and His uncle was Hafs bin Mirdas.

Al-Qa'qa' ibn Amr al-Tamimi
Al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mālik Al-Tamīmī (Arabic: القعقاع بن عمرو بن مالك التميمي الراعي) was an Arab Muslim commander and general in the Rashidun army who belonged to the tribe of Banu Tamim. He and his tribe converted to Islam possibly during the time of Ahnaf ibn Qais. He is known as a successful military commander who took part in two important victorious battles in the early Muslim Conquest, the Battle of Yarmouk against the Byzantine Empire (commanded by Khalid ibn al-Walid) and the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah against the Sasanian Empire which was led by Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas. The Caliph Abu Bakr praised him as an equal to a thousand men so in return the caliph's successor, caliph Umar, only sent Qaʿqāʿ and a handful of bodyguards in the first wave of reinforcements to Al-Qadissiyah.
Massacre of Running Waters
The massacre of Running Waters was the killing of 80 to 100 Arrernte (formerly known as Aranda) men, women and children of the Southern Aranda language group of Aboriginal Australians by a raiding party of 50 to 60 Matuntara warriors in 1875. The massacre took place at Irbmangkara, a permanent water stretch of the Finke River about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south-west of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia.

The Matuntara planned the attack as a punishment for an act of sacrilege by the neighbouring southern Arrernte.

The account of what occurred at Irbmangkara is based on the writings of Lutheran anthropologist, linguist and genealogist Carl Strehlow, but the people of Hermannsburg have stated that the events have remained a shaping factor in the area's local politics.

Peter Latz (botanist)
Peter Kenneth Latz (January 1, 1941) is an agrostologist, botanist, ethnobotanist, and author from Central Australia. For 55 years he worked with the Eastern and Western Arrernte, Alyawarre, Anmatyerre, Pintupi/Luritja, Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara, and Warlpiri people to organise and share their cultural and scientific knowledge of central Australian plants. In many areas of Australia this knowledge has been lost, but it has been preserved in the Red Centre as a result of this lifelong collaboration. He has published articles and books on Australian plants, particularly on arid grasses and vegetation and Aboriginal plant use.
Lancia Musa
The Lancia Musa (Type 350) is a five-passenger compact MPV manufactured by Fiat, and marketed by the company's Lancia subdivision for model years 2004 through to 2012. A front-engine, front-wheel-drive, five-door design and a modified variant of the Fiat Idea, the Musa also employs the Project 188 platform, originally used for the second generation Fiat Punto. Total Musa production was about 237,500.

Compact MPV
Compact MPV (an abbreviation for Compact Multi-Purpose Vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the middle size of MPVs. The Compact MPV size class sits between the mini MPV and large MPV (minivan) size classes.

Compact MPVs remain predominantly a European phenomenon, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American, African, and Asian markets.  As of 2016, the only compact MPV sold widely in the United States was the Ford C-Max.
NGC 7691
NGC 7691 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,676±26 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 176.8 ± 12.4 Mly (54.21 ± 3.81 Mpc). However, four non-redshift measurements give a farther mean distance of 199.44 ± 9.12 Mly (61.150 ± 2.796 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 16 October 1784.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Smudge (band)
Smudge are an Australian rock and indie pop trio formed in 1991 by Paul Duncan on bass guitar, Alison Galloway on drums and Tom Morgan on guitar and vocals. Morgan is known outside Australia as a song writing collaborator of Evan Dando and his band, the Lemonheads. In 1994 Duncan was replaced on bass guitar by Adam Yee and in 1997 Pete Kelly joined on guitar. Smudge signed with Half a Cow to issue four studio albums, Manilow (1994), Hot Smoke and Sassafras (1994), You Me Carpark . . . Now (1996) and Real McCoy Wrong Sinatra (1998), before going into hiatus from late 1999. Since 2002, Smudge play a few times a year. There has been no new music since 1998.

Big Day Out lineups by year
This is a listing of artists and bands who have performed at a Big Day Out music festival, listed by year. Big Day Out began in 1992 in Sydney and has expanded to include several Australian venues and Auckland, New Zealand. Each year, the line-up of artists changes, generally maintaining rock as the focus, but also featuring hip-hop, electronica and blues and roots artists. The line ups have included Nirvana, Metallica, Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, Chemical Brothers, Tool, Blink-182, Marilyn Manson, Muse, Hole, Nine Inch Nails and Red Hot Chili Peppers, while also promoting local Australian and New Zealand artists such as Spiderbait, Regurgitator, Powderfinger, Grinspoon, Silverchair and The Living End.
2012 Men's Australian Hockey League
The 2012 Men's Australian Hockey League was the 22nd edition of the men's field hockey tournament. The tournament was held in Australia's capital city, Canberra.

The QLD Blades won the gold medal for the seventh time by defeating the WA Thundersticks 3–2 in the final. VIC Vikings won the bronze medal after defeating the NSW Waratahs 3–1 in the third place match.

Australian Hockey League
The Australian Hockey League (AHL) was Australia's premier national domestic field hockey competition. Despite its non-professional nature, it was considered one of the strongest and most competitive national hockey leagues in the world, consisting of both men's and women's competition. It included many players from the Kookaburras and the Hockeyroos, with participating in the AHL serving as a selection requirement for all Australian national squad members.

The last edition of the AHL was contested in 2018, with the league was replaced by Hockey One, Australia's new elite domestic hockey competition.
HD 168607
HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii) is a blue hypergiant and luminous blue variable (LBV) star located in the constellation of Sagittarius, easy to see with amateur telescopes. It forms a pair with HD 168625, also a blue hypergiant and possible luminous blue variable, that can be seen at the south-east of M17, the Omega Nebula.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Central Mass Mobilisation Commission
The Central Mass Mobilization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam is an advisory body to the Central Committee, and directly subordinate to the Politburo. It is chiefly responsible for public security and public relations.

Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), commonly the Party Central Committee (PCC; Vietnamese: Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng - BCHTW Đảng or BCHTƯ Đảng), is the highest organ between two national congresses and the organ of authority of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the sole ruling party in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Royal Pines, North Carolina
Royal Pines is a census-designated place (CDP) in Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,272 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Asheville metropolitan area
The Asheville metropolitan area is a metropolitan area centered on the principal city of Asheville, North Carolina. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area used by the United States Census Bureau and other entities, as comprising the four counties of Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison. The area's population was 424,858 according to the 2010 census, and 469,454 according to the 2020 census.
Centruroides hoffmanni
Centruroides hoffmanni is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. The species can be found in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico. The specific name is taken from the Spanish name of the municipality from which the holotype originates. Hoffmanni can be distinguished by its unique telson and subaculear tubercle shaping. This species is yellow overall with a brown marbling on the carapace. It was originally compared with Centruroides thorelli, but may actually be more closely related to C. infamatus.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
Halenbeck Hall
Halenbeck Hall is a multipurpose arena and athletic complex in St. Cloud, Minnesota, on the campus of St. Cloud State University. The arena sits over 6,400 and is home to the St. Cloud State basketball, volleyball, and wrestling teams. The facility also includes the Halenbeck Hall Aquatics Center, home to swimming and diving (capacity: 500), and the Halenbeck Hall South Fieldhouse, home of women's track and field. The St. Cloud State Huskies are in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference of NCAA Division II.

St. Cloud State University
St. Cloud State University (SCSU) is a public university in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1869, the university is one of the largest institutions in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system. In the fall of 2023, it enrolled 8,430 undergraduate and 2,084 graduate students.
Acuris
Acuris is a British financial news and data firm known for its fixed income research provider Debtwire and Mergermarket, a specialist in M&A intelligence. It is owned by ION Investment Group, a financial software and data business which owns Fidessa and Dealogic. ION Investment Group bought the company from BC Partners, a private equity group, and GIC Private Limited, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, in 2019.

Formerly known as Mergermarket Group, the company has 1,300 staff, including 600 journalists and analysts, in 67 locations around the world, with regional hubs in London, New York, Mumbai and Hong Kong.

Dealogic
Dealogic Ltd. is a financial markets platform offering integrated content, analytics, and technology via a service to financial firms. From origination to distribution and investors, the Dealogic platform provides a connection across banking, capital markets, sales and trading, and institutional investing. The company has offices located in London, New York, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Budapest, Sydney, Mumbai, São Paulo, and Beijing.

Dealogic is currently owned by ION Investment Group.
Microbiology Outreach Prize
Microbiology Outreach Prize is awarded annually by the Microbiology Society to those who made outstanding innovation in outreach about microbiology.

It was introduced in 2009 and is awarded to individuals or teams. All members can nominate anyone they consider appropriate for this award.

The award consists of £500 and an invitation to give a demonstration or talk at the society's Annual Society Showcase in September.

The following have been awarded this prize:

2009 Jo Heaton

2010 Gemma Walton

2011 Nicola Stanley-Wall

2012 Marieke Hoeve

2013 James Redfern and Helen Brown

2014 Joana Alves Moscoso

2015 Adam Roberts

2016 Laura Piddock

2017 No award made

2018 Senga Robertson-Albertyn

2019 Matt Hutchings

2020 Sreyashi Basu and Sanjib Bhakta for Project Joi Hok! a community tuberculosis awareness programme in the UK

2021 Edward Hutchinson

2022 Kalai Mathee and Jonathan Tyrrell

Microbiology Society
The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes, schools and other organisations. Interests of its members include basic and applied aspects of viruses, prions, bacteria, rickettsiae, mycoplasma, fungi, algae and protozoa, and all other aspects of microbiology. Its headquarters is at 14–16 Meredith Street, London. The Society's current president is Professor Gordon Dougan CBE FRS.