hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feeding tube
A feeding tube is a medical device used to provide nutrition to people who cannot obtain nutrition by mouth, are unable to swallow safely, or need nutritional supplementation. The state of being fed by a feeding tube is called enteral (using the gastrointestinal tract) feeding or tube feeding. Placement may be temporary for the treatment of acute conditions or lifelong in the case of chronic disabilities.
A variety of feeding tubes are used in medical practice. They are usually made of polyurethane or silicone. The outer diameter of a feeding tube is measured in French units (each French unit equals 1⁄3 mm). They are classified by the site of insertion and intended use.

Medical food
Medical food is food that is specially formulated and intended for the dietary management of a disease that has distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be met by normal diet alone. In the United States, it was defined in the Food and Drug Administration's 1988 Orphan Drug Act Amendments and subject to the general food and safety labeling requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority established definitions for "foods for special medical purposes" (FSMPs) in 2015.
National Biodiversity Authority
The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is a statutory autonomous body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India established in 2003 to implement the provisions under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, after India signed Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992.

Biological Diversity Act, 2002
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 is an Act  by the Parliament of India for the preservation of biological diversity in India, and provides the mechanism for equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of traditional biological resources and knowledge. The Act was enacted to meet the obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity, because India is a signatory to the treaty.
Georgefischeriales
The Georgefischeriales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. The order consists of four families, the Eballistraceae, the Georgefischeriaceae, the Gjaerumiaceae, and the Tilletiariaceae.

Smut (fungus)
The smuts are multicellular fungi characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for 'dirt' because of their dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota) and comprise seven of the 15 orders of the subphylum. Most described smuts belong to two orders, Ustilaginales and Tilletiales. The smuts are normally grouped with the other basidiomycetes because of their commonalities concerning sexual reproduction.
Axle track
In automobiles (and other wheeled vehicles which have two wheels on an axle), the axle track is the distance between the hub flanges on an axle. Wheel track, track width or simply track refers to the distance between the centerline of two wheels on the same axle. In the case of an axle with dual wheels, the centerline of the dual wheel assembly is used for the wheel track specification. Axle and wheel track are commonly measured in millimetres or inches.

Wheelset (rail transport)
A wheelset is a pair of railroad vehicle wheels mounted rigidly on an axle. Wheelsets are often mounted in a bogie ("truck" in North America) – a pivoted frame assembly holding at least two wheelsets – at each end of the vehicle. Most modern freight cars and passenger cars have bogies each with two wheelsets, but three wheelsets (or more) are used in bogies of freight cars that carry heavy loads, and three-wheelset bogies are under some passenger cars. Four-wheeled goods wagons that were once near-universal in Europe and Great Britain and their colonies have only two wheelsets; in recent decades such vehicles have become less common as trainloads have become heavier.
KYQX
KYQX (89.3 FM) is a community radio station licensed to Weatherford, Texas. The station serves the area around Weatherford, Mineral Wells, and the western DFW metro area. KYQX airs a classic country format calling itself Pure Country. KYQX is also rebroadcast on 89.5 KEQX from Stephenville TX which originally played the music. Until mid 2017 KYQX broadcast on 89.5 FM, before it reduced power and changed frequencies to make way for KEQX's upgrade. The station is one of the three stations in the QXFM group of stations. The others are KMQX, and KEQX.

KEQX
KEQX (89.5 FM, "Pure Country") is a noncommercial radio station licensed to Stephenville, Texas, United States, broadcasting a classic country music format. The station is currently owned by CSSI Non-Profit Educational Broadcasting Corporation. The station is one of the five stations in the "QXFM" GROUP of North Texas stations, including KMQX, KYQX, KQXB, and KQXE.  All the stations are funded by listener contributions, underwriting sponsors.
Mabi forest
Mabi forests (also known as Complex Notophyll Vine Forests) are a type of ecological community found in the Australian state of Queensland which is considered to be  critically endangered and which consists of remnant patches found only either in North Queensland's Atherton Tablelands or at Shiptons Flat (also known as Kuna) along the Annan River.

Queensland tropical rain forests
The Queensland tropical rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: AA0117) covers a portion of the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia and belongs to the Australasian realm. The forest contains the world's best living record of the major stages in the evolutionary history of the world's land plants, including most of the world's relict species of plants from the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. The history of the evolution of marsupials and songbirds is also well represented.
Dek Agira
Dek Agira is a traditional Lango dish from Northern Uganda. It is made by mashing pigeon peas (or beans) until smooth and creamy. The food is served with shea butter oil and eaten together with "Kwon Kal" made from millet flour. Traditionally, it is used to anoint traditional leaders in the clans of Lango community and parts of Acholi  in Northern Uganda.

Dek Agira is also served during traditional weddings. It is served with peanut butter.

Peanut butter
Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Consumed in many countries, it is the most commonly used of the nut butters, a group that also includes cashew butter and almond butter.

Peanut butter is a nutrient-rich food containing high levels of protein, several vitamins, and dietary minerals. It is typically served as a spread on bread, toast, or crackers and used to make sandwiches (notably the peanut butter and jelly sandwich). It is also used in a number of breakfast dishes and desserts, such as granola, smoothies, crepes, cookies, brownies, or croissants.
Betsy Harris
Betsy Harris (born April 2, 1972) is an American basketball coach and former professional player. One of the first foreign professional women's players in Iceland, she was named the inaugural Úrvalsdeild Foreign Player of the Year in 1996.

East Central Community College
East Central Community College (ECCC) is a public community college in Decatur, Mississippi. ECCC serves a five-county district: Leake, Neshoba, Newton, Scott and Winston counties. It opened in September 1928.
Silke Gast
Silke Gast (born 30 April 1972) is a retired female javelin thrower from Germany.

She finished fourth at the 1994 European Championships. Her only medal at the German championships came in 1994 when she won the bronze behind Karen Forkel and Tanja Damaske.

Tanja Damaske
Tanja Damaske (born 16 November 1971 in East Berlin) is a retired German track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. She is best known for winning the gold medal at the 1998 European Championships. A year earlier she earned a bronze medal at the World Championships. A five-time German Champion in the women's javelin throw, she retired from competition in 2003.
Atlanta campaign order of battle: Second phase, Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Atlanta campaign of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.

This order of battle covers the second phase of the campaign, July 17 – September 8, 1864. The period May 1 – July 17, 1864, is listed separately.

Atlanta campaign
The Atlanta campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen.  William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, beginning in May 1864, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.

Johnston's Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman's group of armies. In July, the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, replaced Johnston with the more aggressive General John B. Hood, who began challenging the Union Army in a series of costly frontal assaults. Hood's army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, setting the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea and hastening the end of the war.
Tarawera Falls
Tarawera Falls is a 65 m (213 ft) high waterfall on the Tarawera River in the Bay of Plenty region in New Zealand's North Island.

The Tarawera River flows out of Lake Tarawera and across a rhyolitic lava flow that erupted from Mt Tarawera about 14,000 years ago. The river disappears about 30 metres (98 feet) back from the clifftop into flooded caves in the lava and pours out halfway up the cliff on the far side of the flow.

After rain, part of the flow passes over the top of the cliff as a 65 m (213 ft) tall companion fall.

Access is from the town of Kawerau and is a drive of about 45 minutes over unsealed roads, followed by a walk of about 20 minutes.  A forestry access permit is required, available from the Information Centre in Kawerau.

Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty (Māori: Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi) is a large bight along the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east. Called Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the Māori language after Toi-te-huatahi, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by James Cook in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in Poverty Bay.
Khlong Saeng Wildlife Sanctuary
Khlong Saeng (Thai: คลองแสง) is a wildlife sanctuary in southern Thailand, in western Surat Thani Province. The wildlife sanctuary is named after the river (khlong) Saeng, a tributary of the Phum Duang River.

Phum Duang River
The Phum Duang River (Thai: แม่น้ำพุมดวง, RTGS: Maenam Phum Duang, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm pʰum duəŋ]) (rarely also called the Khiri Rat River) is a river in Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand, the main tributary of the Tapi River.

The rivers drains an area of 6,125 square kilometres (2,365 sq mi) west of the Tapi watershed, mainly the eastern slopes of the Phuket mountain range. It joins the estuary of the Tapi 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Surat Thani in Phunphin District.

The river has a total length of 80 km.
Ryan Green
Ryan Green (born 20 October 1980) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a defender. He earned two international caps for Wales in 1998, breaking Ryan Giggs's record as their youngest player, a record which has since been surpassed.

2007 Football League play-offs
The Football League play-offs for the 2006–07 season were held in May 2007, with the finals taking place at Wembley Stadium in London for the first time. The play-off semi-finals will be played over two legs and will contested by the teams who finish in 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th place in the Football League Championship and League One and the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th placed teams in the League Two table. The winners of the semi-finals will go through to the finals, with the winner of the matches gaining promotion for the following season.
Linde in Schenklengsfeld
50°49′9″N 9°50′41″E﻿ / ﻿50.81917°N 9.84472°E﻿ / 50.81917; 9.84472

The Linde in Schenklengsfeld, also known as the Schenklengsfeld Dorflinde or Riesenlinde, is a thousand-year-old linden tree and is considered one of the oldest trees in Germany. This large-leaved lime tree (Tilia platyphyllos) is located in Schenklengsfeld, approximately ten kilometers southeast of Bad Hersfeld in the eastern Hessian district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg. Throughout its history, this tree served as a court lime tree, where legal proceedings and gatherings took place for several centuries. Additionally, a pillory was constructed near the tree for carrying out sentences.

Bad Hersfeld
The festival and spa town of Bad Hersfeld (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhɛʁsfɛlt] ⓘ; Bad is "spa" in German; the Old High German name of the city was Herolfisfeld) is the district seat of the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in northeastern Hesse, Germany, roughly 50 km southeast of Kassel.

Bad Hersfeld is known countrywide above all for the Bad Hersfelder Festspiele (festival), which have taken place each year since 1951 at the monastery ruins. These themselves are said to be Europe's biggest Romanesque church ruin.

In 1967, the town hosted the seventh Hessentag state festival.
Robert H. Jackson (photographer)
Robert Hill Jackson (born April 8, 1934) is an American photographer. In November 1963, Jackson, then working for the Dallas Times Herald, took a photograph capturing the fatal shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby. Jackson won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography for the photo in 1964.

Dallas Love Field
Dallas Love Field (IATA: DAL, ICAO: KDAL, FAA LID: DAL) is a city-owned public airport in the neighborhood of Love Field, 6 miles (9.7 km; 5.2 nmi) northwest of downtown Dallas, Texas, United States. It was Dallas' main airport until 1974 when Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) opened. Love Field covers an area of 1,300 acres (530 ha) at an elevation of 487 feet (148 m) above mean sea level and has two runways.

Love Field is the birthplace, corporate headquarters, and a major operating base of Southwest Airlines; as of August 2021, Southwest has a 95% market share at the airport. Several full-service fixed-base operators (FBOs) provide general aviation services: fuel, maintenance, hangar rentals, and air charters. The City of Dallas Department of Aviation headquarters is on the airport grounds.
Rory Christopherson
Rory Christopherson (born 14 September 1988) is a New Zealand cricketer. He played in two first-class and three List A matches for Northern Districts in 2014.

Christopherson has a master's degree from Auckland University of Technology.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
Feminism in Pakistan
Feminism in Pakistan refers to the movements which aim to define, establish, and defend the rights of women in Pakistan. This may involve the pursuit of equal political, economic, and social rights, alongside equal opportunity. These movements have historically been shaped in response to the national and global reconfiguration of power in the country, including colonialism, nationalism, Islamization, dictatorship, democracy, and the war on terror. The relationship between the women's movements and the Pakistani state has undergone significant shifts from mutual accommodation to confrontation and conflict.

Sindhiani Tahreek
Sindhiani Tahreek (Sindhi: سنڌياڻي تحريڪ, "Sindhi women's movement") (also known as The Sindhiyani Tehreek) is a women-led political organization formed by rural women in Sindh, the southern province of Pakistan.
Canadian Arctic Rift System
The Canadian Arctic Rift System is a major North American geological structure extending from the Labrador Sea in the southeast through Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago in the northwest. It consists of a series of interconnected rifts that formed during the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Extensional stresses along the entire length of the rift system have resulted in a variety of tectonic features, including grabens, half-grabens, basins and faults.

Development of the Canadian Arctic Rift System was accompanied by two plate tectonic episodes that originated on opposite sides of the North American plate and were propagated toward each other. Both were strongly controlled by pre-existing structures, which either guided the propagating faults or impeded their growth. The rift system is now inactive apart from minor adjustments that are indicated by occasional earthquakes in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
History of science and technology in Spain
The presence of science and technology in Spain dates back to Spain's prehistoric period. It is taken to include firstly an account of the historical development of these fields of study, and secondly a description of the current institutional and regulatory framework for continuing this development into the future.

¡Que inventen ellos!
¡Que inventen ellos! (English: Let them invent!) is a lapidary quote by Miguel de Unamuno whose repeated use of the phrase has produced a motif or cliché used with opposite meanings.

The motif is an example of how the topic of science and technology in Spain is a "marginal reality in Spain in its organization and social context". It has become a stereotype of Spanish people being anti-scientific, sometimes rejected as offensive and sometimes claimed with pride. The quote is often paraphrased, in some cases in a feminist sense, revindicating the work of the women in science; Que inventen ellas (let them [women] invent).
Oonah
Oonah is a rural locality in the local government areas of Burnie and Waratah-Wynyard in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-west of the town of Burnie. 
The 2016 census determined a population of nil for the state suburb of Oonah.

City of Burnie
Burnie City Council (or City of Burnie) is a local government body in Tasmania, located in the city and surrounds of Burnie in the north-west of the state. The Burnie local government area is classified as urban and has a population of 19,348, which also encompasses Cooee, Hampshire, Natone and Ridgley.
2016 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 2016 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Bret Bielema, the Razorbacks compiled an overall record of 7–6 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, tying for fifth place in the SEC's Western Division. Arkansas was invited to the Belk Bowl, where the Razorbackslost to Virginia Tech after blowing a 24–0 halftime lead. The team played six home games at Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas and one home game at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium
Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium is an American football stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas and serves as the home field of the University of Arkansas Razorbacks football team since its opening in 1938. The stadium was formerly known as Razorback Stadium since 1941 before the name of Donald W. Reynolds, an American businessman and philanthropist, was added in 2001. The playing field in the stadium is named  Frank Broyles Field, honoring former Arkansas head football coach and athletic director Frank Broyles.

During the 2000-2001 renovations, Razorback Stadium increased the seating capacity from 50,019 to 72,000, with an option to expand capacity to 76,000 with the "temporary" bleacher seating atop the south end. The current seating capacity is 76,212.
Robert Stannard (bishop)
Robert William Stannard (20 October 1895 – 26 December 1986) was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the middle part of the 20th century.

He was born on 20 October 1895 and educated at Westminster School and, after wartime service in the Middlesex Regiment,  Christ Church, Oxford. Ordained in 1922 he began his career with curacies at Bermondsey and Putney and was then Vicar of St James, Barrow-in-Furness. In 1934 he was Rural Dean of Dalton and, in the same year went on to become Rector of Bishopwearmouth. He left Bishopwearmouth in 1941  He then became Archdeacon of Doncaster and Rector of High Melton.

In 1947, he was appointed to the episcopate as Bishop of Woolwich, a post he held until his appointment as Dean of Rochester. As Dean, he was the first Warden of Rochester Theological College in 1959, before the appointment of Stuart Blanch the following year. An Honorary Chaplain to the King, he retired to Fleet, Hampshire in 1966 and died twenty years later on Boxing Day.

Bishop of Woolwich
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Woolwich is an episcopal title used by an area bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Southwark, in the Province of Canterbury, England.

The title takes its name after Woolwich, a suburb of the Royal Borough of Greenwich. Two of the best known former bishops are John A. T. Robinson, who was a major figure in Liberal Christianity, and David Sheppard, the former Sussex and England cricketer who went on to become the Anglican Bishop of Liverpool. The bishops suffragan of Woolwich have been area bishops since the Southwark area scheme was founded in 1991. The current bishop is Alastair Cutting, since his consecration on 3 July 2024 at Southwark Cathedral.