hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Stowe
Lake Stowe was a glacial lake that formed in Central Vermont approximately 15,000 years ago in the late Pleistocene epoch.  After the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated, glacial ice melt accumulated at the terminal moraine.

The lake existed until the glacier had completely melted. Then it flowed out through the Lamoille River valley.

The lake was named after Stowe, near where evidence of the lake was discovered.

Lamoille River
44°33′41″N 72°36′09″W﻿ / ﻿44.5614046°N 72.6024229°W﻿ / 44.5614046; -72.6024229

The Lamoille River is a river which runs through northern Vermont and drains into Lake Champlain. It is about 85 miles (137 km) in length, and has a drainage area of around 706 square miles (1,830 km2). The river generally flows southwest, and then northwest, from the water divide of the Green Mountains. It is the namesake of Lamoille County, Vermont, through which it flows. The river was the basis of the name of the now-defunct Lamoille Valley Railroad Company, successor to the St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad.

Legend has it that early French settlers named the river La Mouette, meaning "The Seagull". However, a cartographer forgot to cross the t's, which led people to begin calling it La Moulle. Over time, this became Lamoille, elided in speaking.

In July 2023, heavy rains caused flooding on the Lamoille River and on the nearby Winooski River and Missisquoi River.
Vivi (rail transit)
AS Pasažieru vilciens, operating as Vivi, is the sole passenger railway operator in Latvia, operating both electric and diesel trains on various lines throughout the country. Officially named AS "Pasažieru vilciens" (lit. 'Passenger train', abbreviated: PV), the company was founded in November 2001. It is fully owned by the Latvian state, with the Ministry of Transport acting as shareholder.

Stadler Rail
Stadler Rail AG is a Swiss manufacturer of railway rolling stock based in Bussnang, Switzerland. Established with a focus on regional multiple unit trains and trams, the company has since diversified into the production of rapid transit, high-speed rail, intercity, and sleeper train vehicles. Stadler is also among the few remaining manufacturers of rack railway rolling stock. As of 2023, the company employed approximately 13,900 people worldwide.

Stadler Rail operates through 50 subsidiaries across 23 countries, including Algeria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Spain, Czech Republic, Hungary, Belarus, and the United States. The company has also established joint ventures with INKA in Indonesia and Medha Servo Drives in India.
2017 Skate America
The 2017 Skate America was the sixth event of six in the 2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held in Lake Placid, New York, on November 24–26. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2017–18 Grand Prix Final.

2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of senior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from October through December 2017. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placements at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final in Nagoya, Japan. The corresponding series for junior-level skaters was the 2017–18 ISU Junior Grand Prix.
Thesouro de Nobreza
Thesouro de Nobreza (translated: Treasure of Nobility) is a manuscript dated 1675, which was created during the reign of Afonso VI of Portugal, the twenty-second king of Portugal (a period when his brother, the future Pedro II of Portugal, ruled as Prince Regent).  The work is an armorial, which is a collection of heraldic arms and was commissioned by Francisco Coelho, the King of Arms for Portuguese India, who appears on the title page.

Portuguese Restoration War
The Restoration War between Portugal and Spain began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union.
The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663.

In the 17th century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg, which had been united with the Portuguese crown since the 1580 succession crisis.
Bandol (instrument)
The bandol, bandola, or criolla mandolin is a string instrument in Trinidad and Tobago with four double courses of strings, totaling eight strings. It is the tenor representative of the mandolin family on Trinidad. Another member is the higher pitched Trinidadian bandolin.

On the bandol, thelower two courses are strung with one steel string and one nylon for each course, and the higher two courses have all nylon (or gut) strings. The bandol is used in Trinidadian parang music, accompanied by "cuatro, maracas" (the main instruments) and the bandolin .

Course (music)
In organology, a course is either one string or two or more adjacent strings that are closely spaced relative to the other strings, and typically played as a single string. The strings in each multiple-string course are typically tuned in unison or an octave.

Normally, the term course is used to refer to a single string only on an instrument that also has multi-string courses. For example, a nine-string baroque guitar has five courses: most are two-string courses but sometimes the lowest or the highest consists of a single string.

An instrument with at least one multiple-string course is referred to as coursed, while one whose strings are all played individually is uncoursed.
Robert Wiedersheim
Robert Ernst Eduard Wiedersheim (21 April 1848 – 12 July 1923) was a German anatomist who is famous for publishing a list of 86 "vestigial organs" in his book The Structure of Man: An Index to His Past History.

Alexander Ecker
Johann Alexander Ecker (10 July 1816 – 20 May 1887) was a German anthropologist and anatomist, born in Freiburg im Breisgau. He was the son of Johann Matthias Alexander Ecker (1766–1829), a professor at the University of Freiburg.
Essam Sharaf
Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf (Arabic: عصام عبد العزيز شرف, romanized: ʿIṣṣām ʿAbdu l-ʿAzīz Šaraf, IPA: [ʕeˈsˤɑːm ʕæbdelʕæˈziːz ˈʃɑɾɑf]; born 1952) is an Egyptian academic who was the 50th prime minister of Egypt from 3 March 2011 to 7 December 2011. He served as minister of transportation from 2004 to 2005.

Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF; Arabic: المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة, al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa, also Higher Council of the Armed Forces) is a statutory body of between 20 and 25 senior officers of the Egyptian Armed Forces, and is headed by President Abdel Fattah еl-Sisi and Lieutenant General Abdel Mageed Saqr. The council is convened only in cases of war or great internal emergencies.

As a consequence of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, the SCAF assumed power to govern Egypt from departing President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011, and relinquished power on 30 June 2012 on the inauguration of Mohamed Morsi as president.
Vehicle license plates of the United States
In the United States, vehicle registration plates, known as license plates, are issued by a department of motor vehicles, an agency of the state or territorial government, or in the case of the District of Columbia, the district government. Some Native American tribes also issue plates. The U.S. federal government issues plates only for its own vehicle fleet and for vehicles owned by foreign diplomats. Until the 1980s, diplomatic plates were issued by the state in which the consulate or embassy was located.

The appearances of plates are frequently chosen to contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction.  The term license plate is frequently used in statutes, although in some areas tag is informally used. The official three letter DSIT (coinciding with its ISO code) international code attributed to the United States is USA.

As of 2014, the federal government and forty states use prison labor to produce their license plates.

Vehicle registration plates of Native American tribes in the United States
Several Native American tribes in the United States register motor vehicles and issue license plates to those vehicles.

The legal status of these plates varies by tribe, with some being recognized by the federal government and others not. Some nations issue plates for both tribal and personal vehicles, while others issue plates only for official tribal vehicles.

Some nations' plates indicate the U.S. state with which they are most closely associated, while others do not. This variation may even exist among the nations associated with one particular state. In the state of Oklahoma, the Native American plates are a common sight, always showing the name OKLAHOMA in some part of the plate.

Federally recognized tribes may also lease vehicles through the U.S. General Services Administration under certain circumstances. Such vehicles carry U.S. government license plates.
David Brits
David Brits (born (1997-04-27)27 April 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the Free State Cheetahs. His regular position is centre.

Brits was named in the Free State Cheetahs squad for the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his debut for the in Round 2 of the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Griquas.

2021 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 83rd edition of the top tier of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa. It was sponsored by beer brand Carling Black Label and organised by the South African Rugby Union.

The tournament returned to its usual dates, following being played from November to January in 2020/21 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament also returned to its usual length of 14 rounds followed by finals, following a shortened 7 round competition in 2020/21.

The First Division of the Currie Cup also returned in 2021, having been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Kraków Ghetto
The Kraków Ghetto official name: Jewish Residential District in Krakow  (German: Der jüdische Wohnbezirk in Krakau) was one of five major metropolitan Nazi ghettos created by Germany in the new General Government territory during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It was established for the purpose of exploitation, terror, and persecution of local Polish Jews. The ghetto was later used as a staging area for separating the "able workers" from those to be deported to extermination camps in Operation Reinhard. The ghetto was liquidated between June 1942 and March 1943, with most of its inhabitants deported to the Belzec extermination camp as well as to Płaszów slave-labor camp, and Auschwitz concentration camp, 60 kilometres (37 mi) rail distance.

Polish Righteous Among the Nations
The citizens of Poland have the highest count of individuals who have been recognized by Yad Vashem as the Polish Righteous Among the Nations, for saving Jews from extermination during the Holocaust in World War II. There are 7,232 (as of 1 January 2022) Polish men and women conferred with the honor, over a quarter of the 28,217 recognized by Yad Vashem in total.  The list of Righteous Among the Nations is not comprehensive and it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of Poles concealed and aided tens of thousands of their Polish-Jewish neighbors. Many of these initiatives were carried out by individuals, but there also existed organized networks of Polish resistance which were dedicated to aiding Jews – most notably, the Żegota organization.

In German-occupied Poland, the task of rescuing Jews was difficult and dangerous. All household members were subject to capital punishment if a Jew was found concealed in their home or on their property.
Data collection system
Data collection system (DCS) is a computer application that facilitates the process of data collection, allowing specific, structured information to be gathered in a systematic fashion, subsequently enabling data analysis to be performed on the information. Typically a DCS displays a form that accepts data input from a user and then validates that input prior to committing the data to persistent storage such as a database.

Many computer systems implement data entry forms, but data collection systems tend to be more complex, with possibly many related forms containing detailed user input fields, data validations, and navigation links among the forms.

DCSs can be considered a specialized form of content management system (CMS), particularly when they allow the information being gathered to be published, edited, modified, deleted, and maintained. Some general-purpose CMSs include features of DCSs.

Container (abstract data type)
In computer science, a container is a class or a data structure whose instances are collections of other objects. In other words, they store objects in an organized way that follows specific access rules.

The size of the container depends on the number of objects (elements) it contains. Underlying (inherited) implementations of various container types may vary in size, complexity and type of language, but in many cases they  provide flexibility in choosing the right implementation for any given scenario.

Container data structures are commonly used in many types of programming languages.
2018 World Para Athletics European Championships
The 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships was a track and field competition for athletes with a disability open to International Paralympic Committee (IPC) affiliated countries within Europe, plus Azerbaijan and Israel. It was held in Berlin, Germany and took place between 20 and 26 August 2018 at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. 596 athletes from 35 countries competed during the championships.

Formerly the IPC Athletics European Championships, this was the first edition of the championships since IPC undertook a rebrand of all sports for which they are the governing body, including the 'World Para' title for the committees running each sport. IPC Athletics was rebranded World Para Athletics in 2016; its first World Para Athletics Championships were held in 2017, and the European Championships followed suit in 2018.

Russia were unable to compete due to their ongoing suspension from IPC and World Para Athletics. Poland topped the medal table.

World Para Athletics European Championships
The World Para Athletics European Championships (European Para Athletics Championships), known prior to 2018 as the IPC Athletics European Championships is an event organized by World Para Athletics, the international athletics federation established under the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in 2016. Athletes with a physical disability compete, and there is also a specific category for athletes with an intellectual disability. Organised biennially, the original Games ran from 2003 to 2005 as an Open Championship but the event was frozen in 2005, but returned in 2012 in Stadskanaal, Netherlands.

The first IPC Athletics European Championships was held in Assen, Netherlands in 2003 as an Open Championship.
Air Alpes
Société Air Alpes was a French airline company headquartered in Chambéry Airport and in Viviers-du-Lac, Savoie, near Chambéry. Established in 1961 by Michel Ziegler, the airline's history began in the French Alps.

Beechcraft Model 99
The Beechcraft Model 99 is a civilian aircraft produced by American manufacturer Beechcraft. It is also known as the Beech 99 Airliner and the Commuter 99. The 99 is a twin-engine, unpressurized, 15 to 17 passenger seat turboprop aircraft, derived from the earlier Beechcraft King Air and Queen Air. It uses the wings of the Queen Air, the engines and nacelles of the King Air, and sub-systems from both, with a specifically designed nose structure.
Fixation disparity
Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria. While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. The misalignment may be vertical, horizontal or both. The misalignment (a few minutes of arc) is much smaller than that of strabismus. While strabismus prevents binocular vision, fixation disparity keeps binocular vision, however it may reduce a patient's level of stereopsis. A patient may have a different fixation disparity at distance than near. Observers with a fixation disparity are more likely to report eye strain in demanding visual tasks; therefore, tests of fixation disparity belong to the diagnostic tools used by eye care professionals: remediation includes vision therapy, prism eye glasses, or visual ergonomics at the workplace.

Eye care professional
An eye care professional is an individual who provides a service related to the eyes or vision. It is any healthcare worker involved in eye care, from one with a small amount of post-secondary training to practitioners with a doctoral level of education.
Gable Steveson
Gable Dan Steveson (born May 31, 2000) is an American wrestler and professional mixed martial artist. In freestyle wrestling, Steveson was a 2020 Summer Olympic gold medalist, and was also a three-time age-group world champion. In folkstyle wrestling, Steveson was a two-time Dan Hodge Trophy winner, a two-time NCAA Division I national champion, a four-time Big Ten Conference champion, and five-time All-American out of the University of Minnesota. Steveson made his professional mixed martial arts (MMA) debut at LFA 217 on September 12, 2025.

After a brief appearance at WWE's SummerSlam in August 2021, Steveson was signed by the promotion the following month, becoming the second Olympic gold medalist to be signed by the company after Kurt Angle; however, he was released in May 2024 after only one poorly-received televised match.

He signed with the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League in May 2024, but was released in August before the start of the regular season.

Technical fall
In amateur wrestling, a technical fall, or technical superiority, is a victory condition satisfied by outscoring one's opponent by a specified number of points. It is a mercy rule. It is informally abbreviated to "tech" as both a noun and verb.
Adiantum alarconianum
Adiantum alarconianum is a South American maidenhair fern. First scientifically collected in the early 1800s in Ecuador, it is found in neighboring parts of Peru as well. Its iridescent stem scales help to differentiate it from other related ferns.

Adiantum
Adiantum (/ˌædiˈæntəm/), the maidenhair fern (not to be confused with the similar-looking maidenhair spleenwort fern), is a genus of about 250 species of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae, though some researchers place it in its own family, Adiantaceae. The genus name comes from Greek, meaning "unwetted", referring to the fronds' ability to shed water without becoming wet.
James McDonald Chaney
Rev. James McDonald Chaney (18 March 1831 – 18 September 1909) was a minister of the Lafayette Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. He had been an ordained minister for 53 years.

Pleasant Hill, Missouri
Pleasant Hill is a city in Cass and Jackson counties, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,777 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

Pleasant Hill is home for the National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill, Missouri office, which serves 37 counties in northern and western Missouri and seven counties in extreme east-central Kansas.
2000 Lithuanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Lithuania on 8 October 2000. All 141 seats in the Seimas were up for election, 71 of them in single-seat constituencies based on first-past-the-post voting; the remaining 70, in a nationwide constituency based on proportional representation. Altogether, around 700 candidates competed in the single-seat constituencies, while over 1,100 candidates were included in the electoral lists for the nationwide constituency.

Algirdas Brazauskas
Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas (Lithuanian: [ˈɐ̂ˑlʲɡʲɪrdɐs ˈmʲîːkoːɫɐs brɐˈzɐ̂ˑʊskɐs] ⓘ, 22 September 1932 – 26 June 2010) was the fourth president of Lithuania, in office from 1993 to 1998. He also served as Prime Minister of Lithuania from 2001 to 2006. Brazauskas was the first democratically elected president of post-Soviet Lithuania.

He also served as head of the Communist Party of Lithuania that broke with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Nick Alan Foote
Nick Alan (Nick Alan Foote) is a Native American artist and children’s book illustrator. As a member of the Tlingit tribe, he is recognized for his contributions to children's picture books that aim to revitalize the Tlingit language and strengthen cultural heritage.

Foote and his sister, artist Kelsey Mata, were selected as illustrators and character designers for a long-term language revitalization project between the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (Tlingit & Haida), the Goldbelt Heritage Foundation, Cedar Group, and several language and culture specialists. The collaboration spans nine children’s books and animated shorts in total, entirely in the Tlingit language. The first book, Kuhaantí (2023), was released in October 2023 in Juneau, Alaska.

His formline artwork, titled "Sacred Embrace," was selected to represent the 2024 Sealaska Celebration event, which centered around the theme "Together We Live in Balance."

Lance Twitchell
Lance X̱ʼunei Twitchell (born 1975) is an American scholar, poet, and language revitalization advocate. He works as an associate professor of Alaska Native Languages at the University of Alaska Southeast. He has written for "Molly of Denali".

X̱'unei Lance Twitchell was granted tenure in the Department of Humanities, School of Arts & Sciences at the UAS Juneau Campus in 2018.

He earned a Ph.D. in Hawaiian and indigenous language and culture revitalization from the Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani College of Hawaiian Language at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, an M.F.A. in creative writing from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and a B.A. in English with a minor in American Indian studies from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities.

He serves on the state's Alaska Native Language Preservation & Advisory Council, appointed by the governor.
Cherry Green, Hertfordshire
Cherry Green is a small hamlet in the East Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England. The post town for Cherry Green is the nearby town of Buntingford. It is in the civil parish of Westmill, and is one mile southwest of the now disused West Mill railway station.

Westmill
Westmill is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies in the valley of the River Rib, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Buntingford, its post town. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 290.