hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southern Afrotemperate Forest
Southern Afrotemperate Forest (the Southern Cape Forests) is a kind of tall, shady, multilayered indigenous South African forest.
This is the main forest-type in the south-western part of South Africa, naturally extending from the Cape Peninsula in the west, as far as Port Elizabeth in the east. In this range (apart from the massive Knysna-Tsitsikamma forest complex), it usually occurs in small forest pockets, surrounded by fynbos vegetation.

Kiggelaria
Kiggelaria africana (also known as the wild peach or umKokoko) is a large, robust, low-branching African tree, and is currently the only accepted species in the genus Kiggelaria.

Despite its common name, Kiggelaria africana is not related to the more familiar fruit-producing peach tree (Prunus persica) although the leaves do look similar, if only very superficially. Unlike peach leaves, they are fairly thick and stiff, with a thin coating of fur on the undersides.
Makarska International Championships
The Makarska International Championships is a WTA 125-level women's tennis tournament. It takes place on outdoor clay courts, during the second week of French Open at the Tennis Center in the city of Makarska, Croatia. The tournament was held in 1998 as WTA Tier IV level event. In 2022, the tournament made a comeback as a WTA 125 level event as a replacement for the Bol Open.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Animated mapping
Animated mapping is the application of animation, either a computer or video, to add a temporal component to a map displaying change in some dimension. Most commonly the change is shown over time, generally at a greatly changed scale (either much faster than real-time or much slower). An example would be the animation produced after the 2004 tsunami showing how the waves spread across the Indian Ocean.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
Niederstadtfeld
Niederstadtfeld is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

County of Manderscheid
The House of Manderscheid was the most powerful noble family in the Eifel region of Germany for a considerable period of time in the 15th century. In 1457, Dietrich III von Manderscheid was made a Reichsgraf (Imperial count) by the Emperor (probably Frederick III). When Dietrich died on 20 February 1498, he had appointed his sons Johann, Konrad and Wilhelm as new rulers – the family property had been distributed in 1488. Each of the sons founded a powerful lineage: Johann started the Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein line, William the Manderscheid-Kail line, and Konrad (Cuno) the Manderscheid-Schleiden line. Augusta von Manderscheid-Blankenheim was the last countess. She was married to a member of the Bohemian nobility, Count Philipp Christian von Sternberg (1732–1811), whose issue became Counts of Sternberg-Manderscheid.
John Lynch (archdeacon of Canterbury)
Christianity portal

John Lynch (1735 in Lambeth – 1803 in Canterbury) was an English churchman, Archdeacon of Canterbury from 1788 until his death on 1 May 1803.

The son of John Lynch (1697–1760), he was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating there in 1753, and graduating B.A. in 1757. He held livings at All Hallows, Bread Street and St Dionis Backchurch, both in the City of London.

Archdeacon of Canterbury
The Archdeacon of Canterbury is a senior office-holder in the Diocese of Canterbury (a division of the Church of England Province of Canterbury). Like other archdeacons, they are an administrator in the diocese at large (having oversight of parishes in roughly one-third of the diocese) and is a canon residentiary of the cathedral.
Goodbye Horses (album)
Goodbye Horses is the first full-length album by the American rapper Ian, released on October 18, 2024, through BuVision and Columbia Records. The album follows Ian's debut mixtape Valedictorian (2024).

Valedictorian (mixtape)
Valedictorian is the debut mixtape by American rapper Ian. It was released on May 17, 2024, by BuVision Entertainment, Columbia Records, and Dogdog Records. The mixtape includes production from Sxprano, rapper tana, and more. The deluxe edition was released two weeks later on May 31, 2024.
La Cruz Formation, Argentina
The La Cruz Formation is an Aptian geologic formation in Argentina. Pterosaur fossils of Pterodaustro guinazui and Puntanipterus globosus and fish fossils of Austrolepidotes cuyanus, Pleuropholidae indet and Neosemionotus puntanus have been recovered from the formation. The formation, the uppermost unit of the El Gigante Group, overlies the El Toscal Formation, and is overlain by the Lagarcito Formation. The unit comprises sandstones and conglomerates, deposited in an alluvial plain to fluvial environment.

Pterodaustro
Pterodaustro (from Greek pteron, 'wing' and Latin auster, 'south') is a genus of ctenochasmatid pterodactyloid pterosaur from South America. Its fossil remains dated back to the Early Cretaceous period, about 105 million years ago.
Wei County, Xingtai
Wei County or Weixian (simplified Chinese: 威县; traditional Chinese: 威縣; pinyin: Wēi Xiàn) is a county in the south of Hebei province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xingtai, with a population of 496,230 (2020 census) residing in an area of 994 km2 (384 sq mi). It is served by G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and China National Highway 106.

Xingtai
Xingtai (simplified Chinese: 邢台; traditional Chinese: 邢臺; pinyin: Xíngtái; Wade–Giles: Hsing2-tʻai2), formerly known as Xingzhou or Shunde, is a prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has a total area of 12,486 km2 (4,821 sq mi) and administers 4 districts, 2 county-level cities and 12 counties. At the 2020 census, its population was 7,111,106 inhabitants. By the end of 2024, the total resident population of the city will be 6.877,800. Among them, the resident population of urban areas is 3,921,700. It borders Shijiazhuang and Hengshui in the north, Handan in the south, and the provinces of Shandong and Shanxi in the east and west respectively.
Frederic W. Tilton
Frederic William Tilton (May 14, 1839 – December 16, 1918) was an American educator and briefly the 7th Principal of Phillips Academy Andover from 1871 to 1873. At Andover, he was a transitional figure along with his successor Cecil Bancroft, adapting the school to a more modern curriculum.

Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and incorporated in 1646. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,569. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lawrence. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. It is twinned with its namesake: Andover, Hampshire, England.
Anatoly Serov
Anatoly Konstantinovich Serov (Russian: Анатолий Константинович Серов; 2 April [O.S. 20 March] 1910 – 11 May 1939) was a Soviet fighter pilot credited with becoming a flying ace during the Spanish Civil War.

Polikarpov I-16
The Polikarpov I-16 (Russian: Поликарпов И-16) is a Soviet single-engine single-seat fighter aircraft. It is a low-wing cantilever monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear, and was the first such aircraft to attain operational squadron status. It "introduced a new vogue in fighter design". The I-16 was introduced in the mid-1930s and formed the backbone of the Soviet Air Force at the beginning of World War II. The diminutive fighter, nicknamed "Ishak" or "Ishachok" ("donkey" or "burro") by Soviet pilots, figured prominently in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, Winter War and the Spanish Civil War – where it was called the Rata ("rat") by the Nationalists or Mosca ("fly") by the Republicans. The Finns called the aircraft Siipiorava "(flying squirrel)".
Sandline affair
The Sandline affair was a political scandal that became one of the defining moments in the history of Papua New Guinea, and particularly the Bougainville conflict. It brought down the government of Sir Julius Chan, and brought Papua New Guinea to the verge of a military revolt. The event was named after Sandline International, a United Kingdom-based private military company.

Political scandal
In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt,  unethical or sexual practices. Politicians and officials who are embroiled in scandals are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares.
Parsonsia alboflavescens
Parsonsia alboflavescens is a woody vine of the family Apocynaceae, found from tropical and subtropical Asia to Northern Australia.
In the Northern Territory of Australia, where it occurs in Arnhem Land, it has been declared "near threatened".

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
Norwegian County Road 774
Norwegian County Road 774 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 774) is a 4.2-kilometre (2.6 mi) long county road in Levanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It begins at the junction with the European route E06 highway at the village of Mule. It then heads into and through parts of the town of Levanger. There, the road continues as the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry operated by Tide Sjø to the village of Hokstad on the island of Ytterøya. After the ferry, the road changes to Norwegian County Road 135.

Before 1 January 2010, it was known as Norwegian national road 774 (Riksvei 774), but control was transferred to the county so now it is a Norwegian county road (Fylkesvei).

Hokstad
Hokstad is a small village and ferry quay on the island of Ytterøya in Levanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The Levanger–Hokstad Ferry connects Hokstad on the island to the town of Levanger on the mainland. Ytterøy Church lies just to the north of the village.
Piedmont, West Virginia
Piedmont is a town in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV metropolitan statistical area. The population was 716 at the 2020 census. Piedmont was chartered in 1856 and the town is the subject of Colored People: A Memoir by Piedmont native Henry Louis Gates Jr.

North Branch Potomac River
The North Branch Potomac River flows from Fairfax Stone in West Virginia to its confluence with the South Branch Potomac River near Green Spring, West Virginia, where it turns into the Potomac River proper.
Campingaz
Campingaz, formerly Camping Gaz, is a brand of products with compressed, mixed butane/propane gas supplied in small, lightweight, disposable canisters and larger, refillable cylinders designed for use as a fuel while camping and caravanning. The fuel gas is compressed to a liquid and sold in characteristic blue metal containers. The brand name is also used on appliances manufactured for use with the gas, namely cookers, lanterns, heaters, grills, refrigerators, etc., as well as more general camping equipment, such as sleeping bags.

Butane
Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) is an alkane with the formula C4H10. Butane exists as two isomers, n-butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3 and iso-butane, (CH3)3CH.  Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature and pressure. Butanes are a trace component of natural gases, which contain higher concentrations of other hydrocarbons such as propane, ethane, and especially methane. Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of propane and some butanes.

The name butane comes from the root but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and the suffix -ane (for organic compounds).
Luis Esteban Palacios
Luis Esteban Palacios W. of Venezuela served as the Chairman of the Inter-American Scout Committee.

In 1974, he was awarded the 89th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also a recipient of the Silver World Award.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
William Maunsell
William Maunsell  (born in Limerick 1 October 1729  – died Thorpe Malsor 22 March 1818) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the second half of the 18th and first decades of the 19th centuries, most notably Archdeacon of Kildare from 1772 until his death.

Maunsell was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and was  appointed Precentor of Kildare Cathedral in 1766.

He married Lucy Oliver in 1780 and his second son was William Maunsell (Archdeacon of Limerick) (1782-1860)

Archdeacon of Kildare
The Archdeacon of Kildare was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Kildare until 1846 when it became an office within the Archdiocese of Dublin, Kildare and Glendalough and since 1976, an office in the united Diocese of Meath and Kildare. The Archdeacon can trace its history from Cornelius M'Gelany who held office from 1190 to 1206 through to the last discrete incumbent James Adams who held office in the first quarter of the 20th century.
Moana Pasifika
Moana Pasifika is a professional rugby union team based in New Zealand and made up of players from various Pacific Island nations as well as New Zealand or Australian born players of Pasifika heritage, including Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and the Cook Islands who play in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. Many of its players represent Tonga and Samoa at the international level, while it also includes current and former All Blacks such as brothers Ardie and Julian Savea.

The team was originally created for a one-off match against the Māori All Blacks in December 2020, with the future intention of trying to join the Super Rugby competition.

Moana Pasifika were granted a conditional licence and subsequently an unconditional licence in April and July 2021 respectively, to join the Super Rugby competition.

The team played its inaugural Super Rugby match on 4 March 2022.

Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship
The Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship is an international rugby union competition organised by Oceania Rugby, which is the regional governing body for rugby in Oceania. It is contested by men's junior national teams with an under-20 age requirement, and played as two tournaments: the Oceania Championship for teams that qualify for the World Championship; and the Oceania Trophy for teams aiming to compete in the World Rugby U20 Trophy.
Vike Church (Vestland)
Vike Church (Norwegian: Vike kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vikanes, along the Romarheimsfjorden. It is one of two churches in the Osterfjorden parish which is part of the Nordhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a rectangular design in 1891 using plans drawn up by the architect Johannes Øvsthus. The church seats about 200 people.

Romarheimsfjorden
Romarheimsfjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The fjord flows through Modalen Municipality, Alver Municipality, and Osterøy Municipality.

The western end of the fjord lies near the island of Hokøy where the fjord flows in to the Osterfjorden on its way out to sea. The fjord extends eastward from Hokøy for 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) along the border of Alver Municipality and Osterøy Municipality before entering Modalen Municipality where it continues to the Mostraumen, a 60-metre (200 ft) wide channel that is 650 metres (2,130 ft) long. On the other side of the channel, the fjord continues for another 18 kilometres (11 mi) where it is usually called the Mofjorden. That fjord ends at the village of Mo.
The Jersey Journal
The Jersey Journal was a daily newspaper, published from Monday through Saturday, covering news and events throughout Hudson County, New Jersey, which was founded in 1867. Advance Publications bought the paper in 1945. At the time it was discontinued in 2025, The Journal was a sister paper to Advance's other daily newspapers in the region, The Star-Ledger of Newark, The Times of Trenton and the Staten Island Advance.

Staten Island Advance
The Staten Island Advance is a daily newspaper published in Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is the only daily newspaper published in Staten Island and the only major daily newspaper focused on covering it exclusively. Staten Island Advance covers news of local and community interest, including Staten Island politics. Staten Island Advance is the namesake and nominal flagship publication of Advance Publications.

As of April 25, 2007, the newspaper's weekday circulation was down 3.9% from 2006, to 59,461, and its Sunday circulation dropped 4.6% from 2006, to 73,203.
Pfam
Pfam is a database of protein families that includes their annotations and multiple sequence alignments generated using hidden Markov models. The latest version of Pfam, 37.0, was released in June 2024 and contains 21,979 families. It is currently provided through InterPro website.

European Bioinformatics Institute
The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) is an intergovernmental organization (IGO) which, as part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) family, focuses on research and services in bioinformatics. It is located on the Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton near Cambridge, and employs over 600 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff.

Further, the EMBL-EBI hosts training programs that teach scientists the fundamentals of the work with biological data and promote the plethora of bioinformatic tools available for their research, both EMBL-EBI-based and not so.
2011 Philadelphia mayoral election
The 2011 Philadelphia mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011, to elect the mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Incumbent Michael Nutter had been Mayor of Philadelphia since 2008 after being elected in the 2007 election, and was re-elected with approximately 75% of the vote. Primary elections were held on May 17, 2011.

2007 Philadelphia mayoral election
The 2007 Philadelphia mayoral election was held on November 6, 2007 when Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States elected Michael Nutter as the Mayor of Philadelphia starting in 2008. The incumbent mayor, John F. Street was barred from seeking a third term because of term limits.  The Democratic Party primary campaign saw two well-known, well-funded Philadelphia congressmen – Bob Brady and Chaka Fattah – eclipsed by self-funding businessman Tom Knox and reformist former Philadelphia City Council member Nutter, who won by a surprisingly large margin in the primary election on May 15.  He went on to face Republican Party nominee Al Taubenberger in the general election, which he won by a large margin and with the lowest voter turnout in a Philadelphia mayoral election without an incumbent since 1951. Mayor Nutter was sworn in on January 7, 2008.
Bir, Iran
Bir (Persian: بير, also Romanized as Bīr) is a village in Khafr Rural District of Khafr County, (formerly in Jahrom County), Fars province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 412, in 120 families. Up from 381 people in 2006.

Khafr Rural District
Khafr Rural District (Persian: دهستان خفر) is in the Central District of Khafr County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zarjan. The rural district was previously administered from Bab Anar.
Status attainment
In sociology, status attainment refers to the process through which individuals achieve their positions within society, including their social class. This process is influenced by both achieved factors, such as educational attainment and career accomplishments, and ascribed factors, such as family income and social background. Status attainment theories emphasize the possibility of social mobility, whether upward or downward, within a class-based system. Achieved factors highlight personal efforts and choices, while ascribed factors reflect the impact of circumstances individuals are born into. Together, these dynamics shape an individual's opportunities and outcomes in social stratification systems.

Rodney Stark
Rodney William Stark (July 8, 1934 – July 21, 2022) was an American sociologist of religion who was a longtime professor of sociology and of comparative religion at the University of Washington. At the time of his death he was the Distinguished Professor of the Social Sciences at Baylor University, co-director of the university's Institute for Studies of Religion, and founding editor of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion.

Stark had written over 30 books, including The Rise of Christianity (1996), and more than 140 scholarly articles on subjects as diverse as prejudice, crime, suicide, and city life in ancient Rome. He twice won the Distinguished Book Award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, for The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival, and Cult Formation (1985, with William Sims Bainbridge), and for The Churching of America 1776–1990 (1992, with Roger Finke).