hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alcalde de la Santa Hermandad
Alcalde de la Santa Hermandad (lit. 'Mayor of the Holy Brotherhood') was a term used in the Spanish colonies in the Americas during the times of the Spanish Empire. The term referred to judicial magistrates named in towns and villages within the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in the Americas whose function was primarily to be informed of infractions committed in rural areas against the established order, so they could be prosecuted. In this capacity, their primary function was to help the militia of a rural region within the jurisdiction of a cabildo. This militia was organized under an institution termed Santa Hermandad. The term of service of an Alcalde de la Santa Hermandad was one year. The position was eliminated around 1835, when the Santa Hermandad force itself was disestablished.

Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Castilian counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from the Kingdom of León and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157, it was again united with León, and after 1230, the union became permanent.

Throughout that period, the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of León, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.
English Setter
The English Setter is a medium-size breed of dog. It is part of the setter group, which includes the red Irish Setters, Irish Red and White Setters, and black-and-tan Gordon Setters. The mainly white coat has long silky fringes on the back of the legs, under the belly and on the tail. The coat features flecks of colour (known as ticking), and the different colour varieties are referred to as 'belton'.

As a gun dog, it is used to hunt for game such as quail, pheasant, and grouse. It is sometimes referred to as the Laverack or Llewellin Setter as these were famous strains of the breed during the major development period in the 19th century. Those from hunting stock are generally of a finer build and with less coat than those bred for show exhibition.

Field trial
A field trial is a competitive event for gun dogs. Field trials are conducted for pointing dogs and setters, retrievers and spaniels, with each assessing the different types various working traits. In the United States, field trials are also conducted for basset hounds, beagles, and dachshunds.
1989 Namibian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Namibia between 7 and 11 November 1989. These elections were for the Constituent Assembly of Namibia, which, upon independence in March 1990, became the National Assembly of Namibia.

National Assembly (Namibia)
The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Namibia's bicameral Parliament. Its laws must be approved by the National Council, the upper house. Since 2014, it has a total of 104 members. 96 members are directly elected through a system of closed list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Eight additional members are appointed by the President. Since March 2025, SWAPO member Saara Kuugongelwa has been the Speaker of the National Assembly.

Namibia's National Assembly emerged on Independence Day on 21 March 1990 from the Constituent Assembly of Namibia, following the elections of November 1989. That election, under guidelines established by the United Nations, included foreign observers in an effort to ensure a free and fair election process. The current National Assembly was formed following elections on 27 November 2024.
Diamantina, Minas Gerais
Diamantina (Portuguese pronunciation: [dʒiamɐ̃ˈtʃinɐ]) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. Its estimated population in 2020 was 47,825 in a total area of 3,870 km2.

Arraial do Tijuco (as Diamantina was first called) was built during the colonial era in the early 18th century. As its name suggests, Diamantina was a center of diamond mining in the 18th and 19th centuries. A well-preserved example of Brazilian Baroque architecture, Diamantina is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Other historical cities in Minas Gerais are Ouro Preto, São João del-Rei, Mariana, Tiradentes, Congonhas and Sabará.

Serro
Serro is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Conceição do Mato Dentro.  As of 2020, the estimated population was 20,940.

In colonial times the city was known by the name Vila do Príncipe (English: Prince Town). In this city were born Emerico Lobo de Mesquita, one of the most prominent composers of the Classicism movement in Brazil, and Gomes Carneiro, a general who fought on the Paraguayan War and on the Federalist Revolution.

Serro is well known for its traditional cheese, cultural richness, colonial influence and unique environment.

The municipality contains part of the 4,696-hectare (11,600-acre) Pico do Itambé State Park, created in 1998.
Ellwangen Abbey
Ellwangen Abbey (German: Kloster Ellwangen) was the earliest Benedictine monastery established in the Duchy of Swabia, at the present-day town of Ellwangen an der Jagst, Baden-Württemberg, about 100 km (60 mi) north-east of Stuttgart.

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
Brahmo
Bengali Brahmos are those who adhere to Brahmoism, the philosophy of Brahmo Samaj which was founded by Raja Rammohan Roy. A recent publication describes the disproportionate influence of Brahmos on India's development post-19th century as unparalleled in recent times.

Patha Bhavan, Kolkata
Patha Bhavan (lit. 'House for Education') is an English Medium private co-educational day school in Kolkata, India, which is affiliated to the state secondary and higher secondary boards. It is one of the old schools in Kolkata.  It was established on 28 June 1965.
Kizh
The Kizh or Kit’c (/kiːtʃ/ KEETCH) are an Indigenous people of California, the historically and ethnographically documented lineal descendants of the Mission Indians of San Gabriel. They belong to a group commonly known by the Spanish name Gabrieleño.

The name Kizh is a shortened version of the first name used to represent all of the Gabrieleño-speaking People of the Los Angeles Basin, Kichereno, which "is not a place name, but a tribe name, the name of a kind of people." (Harrington 1986: R129 F345; cited in McCawley 1996, 43).

The name Kizh is derived from a reference by a Canadian ethnologist to one of the numerous villages in the Los Angeles Basin from records at Mission Viejas, Kizheriños (The People of the Willow Houses). Hugo Reid documented at least 28 Gabrielino villages.

Hugo Reid
Hugo Reid (April 18, 1811 – December 12, 1852) was a Scottish immigrant and early resident of Los Angeles County who became known for writing a series of newspaper articles, or "letters," that described the culture, language, and contemporary circumstances of the local Tongva (Gabrieleño) people. He criticized the Franciscan missionaries, who administered the Spanish missions in California, for their treatment of the native peoples.

Born and raised in Scotland, Reid immigrated to California as a young man after setting up trading in Mexico. He became a naturalized citizen there when the province was a part of the Republic of Mexico, and married Victoria Reid, who was born at the village of Comicranga and a respected land-owning woman in Alta California.
Kidnapped (1995 film)
Kidnapped is a 1995 American adventure drama television film directed by Ivan Passer and starring Armand Assante as Highlander Alan Breck and Brian McCardie as Lowlander David Balfour. Among the supporting actors are Michael Kitchen and Brian Blessed. The film was based on the 1886 novel Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson. Christopher Reeve had originally been cast as Breck prior to his horse riding accident which left him paralyzed.

The film was shot in Ireland.

Appin Murder
54°53′42″N 2°56′02″W﻿ / ﻿54.895°N 2.934°W﻿ / 54.895; -2.934

The Appin Murder (Scottish Gaelic: Murt na h-Apainn) was the assassination by a concealed marksman of Colin Roy Campbell, the Clan Campbell tacksman of Glenure and factor for the Forfeited Estates Commission, on 14 May 1752. The murder, which took place on the confiscated estate of Clan Stewart of Appin in Lochaber in the west of Scotland, was an act of violent resistance against the large scale clearances taking place on the estate during the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The assassination led to the trial and execution of James Stewart of the Glens, often characterized as a notorious miscarriage of justice. The murder also inspired events in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novel Kidnapped and its sequel Catriona.
Banani (neighbourhood)
Banani is an upscale residential and commercial neighbourhood and a thana (precinct) of Dhaka. It hosts five-star hotels, upscale restaurants, luxury apartments, international schools, and the offices of many local and multinational companies. Banani is considered an important central business district (CBD), and its commercial landscape is among the most important in Dhaka, coming after the likes of the nearby financial district of Gulshan Avenue, Karwan Bazar, Tejgaon Industrial Area and downtown Motijheel CBD, the nation's largest and most important CBD.

Kawran Bazar
Karwan Bazar (Bengali: কারওয়ান বাজার), misspelled as Kawran Bazar, is a central business district and one of the biggest commodity marketplaces in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Located in Tejgaon Thana, it is a designated commercial area of the Dhaka North City Corporation. The biggest local Bangladeshi fruit wholesale market is located here. Karwan Bazar is next to Panthapath, a road that has several well-known establishments.
Keyer
A keyer is an electronic device used for signaling by hand, by way of pressing one or more switches.
The technical term keyer has two very similar meanings, which are nonetheless distinct: One for telegraphy and the other for accessory devices built for computer-human communication:

For radio-telegraphy, the term "keyer" specifically refers to a device which converts signals from an "iambic" type or "sideswiper" type telegraph key into Morse code for transmission, but excludes the key itself.

For computer human interface devices, "keyer" generally refers to both a single-hand multi-switch and the electronics which interpret the user key-presses and send the corresponding signals to the computer.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
NGC 3844
NGC 3844 is a lenticular galaxy located about 320 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 8, 1864. NGC 3844 is a member of the Leo Cluster and is likely to be a low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN).

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Kepilasgadhi Rural Municipality
Kepilasgadhi (Nepali: केपिलासगढी गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of eight rural municipality located in Khotang District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 10 municipalities in Khotang in which 2 are urban and 8 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Jantedhunga has an area of 191.28 square kilometres (73.85 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 15288 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Phedi, Khartamchha, Baspani, Baksila, Sapteshwar, Dipsung and Sungdel which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 7 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Baksila.

Khartamchha
Khartamchha is a village and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,387 persons living in 497 individual households.
Rolle College
Rolle College was a teacher training college in Exmouth, Devon, England, which formed the Exmouth campus of the University of Plymouth until its closure in 2009. The university moved its taught courses from the site to new facilities at its main Plymouth campus.

Exmouth
Exmouth /ˈɛksməθ/ is a port town, civil parish, and seaside resort located on the east bank at the mouth of the River Exe, approximately 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Exeter, in the county of Devon, England.

According to the 2021 Census, Exmouth has a population of 35,488, making it the fifth largest settlement in Devon by population.

Historically known as a popular seaside resort, Exmouth is noted for its long sandy beaches, marina, and watersports opportunities, attracting visitors in good weather. It also serves as a commuter town for nearby Exeter.
Types of military forces in the Napoleonic Wars
The types of military forces in the Napoleonic Wars represented the unique tactical use of distinct military units, or their origin within different European regions. By and large the military forces during the period had not changed significantly from those of the 18th century, although their employment would differ significantly.

Military forces during the Napoleonic Wars consisted largely of the three principal combat arms, and several combat support services, and included the infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineers, and logistics troops which were called the army train during the period. The period gave a start to what are today military staffs to help administer and organise forces in the field and in garrisons, and supervise training of conscripts and recruits. Much of the staff work was performed by staff officers and often aide-de-camps to senior officers, and included the officers of the quartermaster general.

Sapper
A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.

Sappers are also trained and equipped to serve secondarily as provisional infantry.

Sappers facilitate and support the movement, defence, and survival of superordinate and allied forces, and impede those of enemies.

The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and Commonwealth nations, the U.S. military, and the militaries of other countries.
Gyalectaria
Gyalectaria is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Coccotremataceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed in 2010 by Imke Schmitt, Klaus Kalb and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with G. jamesii assigned as the type species. The three species transferred to the genus were originally placed in the large genus Pertusaria. Molecular phylogenetics showed that they belong to a lineage distinct from and unrelated to that genus, but with a sister group relationship to the genus Coccotrema. The genus name combines Gyalect- (referring to the morphologically similar genus Gyalecta) and -aria, taken from the generic name Pertusaria.

Pertusaria
Pertusaria is a large genus of warty crustose lichens in the Pertusariaceae family.: 322  The fruiting bodies are usually modified apothecia that immersed in warts on the main body (thallus) with small holes for the spores to emerge, similar to ostioles, or are fully above and lecanorine (spore bearing discs surrounded by a ring of tissue similar to the tissue of the thallus.: 322   Members of the genus are commonly called wart lichens.: 322

The widespread genus contains over 500 species.

Classification in the large genus relies heavily on thallus chemistry to distinguish and classify species, some of which differ only in the presence or absence of a single secondary chemical. Lichexanthone, norlichexanthone, and their chlorinated derivatives are common in this genus.
Mart Siliksaar
Mart Siliksaar (born 15 November 1949) is an Estonian badminton player and coach.

He was born in Tartu. In 1983 he graduated from University of Tartu's Institute of Physical Education.

He began his badminton career under the guidance of Helmut Valgmaa. He is multiple-times Estonian champion. 1974–1979 he was a member of Estonian national badminton team.

Since 1970s he is also working as a badminton coach. 1986–2005 he was the head coach of Estonian national badminton team. Students: Ain Matvere, Anneli Lambing, Kati Tolmoff, Raul Must, Kristin Kuuba, Helina Rüütel.

Awards:

2021: National Sports Lifetime Achievement Award (Estonian: riiklik spordi elutööpreemia)

Kati Tolmoff
Kati Tolmoff  (born 3 December 1983 in Tartu) is a badminton player from Estonia. She represented Estonia at the 2008 and 2016 Olympic Games. She competed in the women's singles event, where she lost to Chloe Magee 21–18, 18–21, and 19–21 in the first round. In 2016, she was the runner-up in the group K stage, lose a match to Ratchanok Intanon, and won a match to Yip Pui Yin. In September 2009, Tolmoff announced that because of a lack of money, her professional career was over. But she returned in 2014. Tolmoff also competed at the 2015 Baku European Games.
Mercury (Marvel Comics)
Mercury (Cessily Kincaid) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Nunzio DeFilippis, Christina Weir, and Keron Grant, the character first appeared in New Mutants vol. 2 #2 (August 2003). Mercury is a teenage member of the student body at the Xavier Institute and a recurring member of the X-Men.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Samsun–Kalın railway
The Samsun–Kalın railway is a 377.7 km (234.7 mi) long railway in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It connects to the Ankara–Kars railway, near Sivas from the port city of Samsun, running through the Pontic Mountains. It is one of two railways that service a Black Sea port, along with the Irmak–Zonguldak railway.

It was renovated in the early 21st century.

Irmak–Zonguldak railway
The Irmak–Zonguldak railway (Turkish: Irmak-Zonguldak demiryolu) is a railway line in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. The railway connects the industrial coal regions and the port of Zonguldak as well as the Kardemir steel mill to central Anatolia and is a major freight railway. Due to the importance the railway has on the Turkish coal industry, it has been nicknamed the coal-route (Turkish: kömüryolu). The railway was built by the Turkish State Railways in 1937. A thrice-weekly passenger train, the Karaelmas Express, ran from Ankara to Zonguldak but was discontinued on 1 January 2010. In 2014, regional passenger service was brought back between Zonguldak and Filyos but the line today is mainly for freight rail.
Cezar Lăzărescu
Cezar Lăzărescu (October 3, 1923 – November 27, 1986) was a Romanian architect and urban planner. Starting in the years after his graduation in 1952 and until after the 1977 Vrancea earthquake, he conceived a significant number of buildings and city plans in Romania and abroad.

Predeal
Predeal (pronounced [preˈde̯al]; Hungarian: Predeál) is a town in Brașov County, Romania. Predeal, a mountain resort town, is the highest town in Romania. It is located in the Prahova Valley, Muntenia at an elevation of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The town administers three villages: Pârâul Rece, Timișu de Jos, and Timișu de Sus. Predeal is twinned with Macugnaga, Italy.

Beginning in the 2000s, the area experienced a boom in construction, and now many wealthy families own mountain retreats in Predeal. During the 2013 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival, it hosted the cross-country skiing and snowboarding competitions.
2003 Trophée Lalique
The 2003 Trophée Lalique was the fourth event of six in the 2003–04 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Palais Omnisports Paris Bercy in Paris on November 13–16. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2003–04 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Austrian Waltz.

The competition was named after the Lalique company, which was its chief sponsor at the time.

2003–04 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2003–04 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an elite figure skating competition held at the World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States from December 11 to 14, 2003. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The Grand Prix Final was the culminating event of the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series, which consisted of Skate America, Skate Canada International, Cup of China, Trophée Éric Bompard, Cup of Russia, and NHK Trophy competitions. The top six skaters from each discipline competed in the final.