hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1993 England rugby union tour of Canada
The 1993 England rugby union tour of Canada was a series of five matches played by the England national rugby union team in Canada in May and June 1993. England won four matches and lost one. They drew their two-match international series against  Canada, losing the first game and winning the second. Sixteen England players were taking part in the 1993 British Lions tour to New Zealand at the time, and England did not award international caps for the matches with Canada.

1993 British Lions tour to New Zealand
In 1993 the British Lions rugby union team toured New Zealand. This was the last Lions tour in the sport's amateur era. The Lions were managed by Geoff Cooke, coached by Ian McGeechan and Dick Best, and captained by Gavin Hastings.

The Lions played a three-test series against New Zealand, and ten matches against provincial teams and the New Zealand Maori. They won six and lost four of those games. The Lions lost the first test match, but won the second to level the series, with New Zealand winning the third test and the series.

Wade Dooley appeared briefly on the tour but left to return home to England to attend his father's funeral and he was replaced by Martin Johnson.
Diffeology
In mathematics, a diffeology on a set generalizes the concept of a smooth atlas of a differentiable manifold, by declaring only what constitutes the "smooth parametrizations" into the set. A diffeological space is a set equipped with a diffeology. Many of the standard tools of differential geometry extend to diffeological spaces, which beyond manifolds include arbitrary quotients of manifolds, arbitrary subsets of manifolds, and spaces of mappings between manifolds.

Submersion (mathematics)
In mathematics, a submersion is a differentiable map between differentiable manifolds whose differential pushforward is everywhere surjective. It is a basic concept in differential topology, dual to that of an immersion.
Women in law in the United Kingdom
Prior to the 20th century, there were few women in law in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, women were not permitted to practice law in the United Kingdom. By 1931 there were around 100 female solicitors. The first female-only law partnership was founded in 1933. In 2010, a report by The Lawyer found that 22 percent of partners at the UK's top 100 firms were women; a follow-up report in 2015 found that figure had not changed. Since 2014, a number of large corporate firms of solicitors have set gender diversity targets to increase the percentage of women within their partnerships. By 2019, 51% of British solicitors were women.

Faculty of Advocates
The Faculty of Advocates (Scottish Gaelic: Dàmh an Luchd-tagraidh) is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constituent part of the College of Justice and is based in Edinburgh.

Advocates are privileged to plead in any cause before any of the courts of Scotland, including the sheriff courts and district courts, where counsel are not excluded by statute.
Love Affair (1932 film)
Love Affair is a 1932 American pre-Code romance film based on Ursula Parrott's short story of the same name. The film is directed by Thornton Freeland and produced by Columbia Pictures. Love Affair follows an adventurous socialite (Dorothy Mackaill), who is in love with an aviation designer (Humphrey Bogart).

Travel Air 2000
The Travel Air 2000 is an open-cockpit biplane aircraft produced in the United States in the late 1920s by the Travel Air Manufacturing Company. During the period from 1924–1929, Travel Air produced more aircraft than any other American manufacturer, including over 1,000 biplanes. While an exact number is almost impossible to ascertain due to the number of conversions and rebuilds, some estimates for Travel Air as a whole range from 1,200 to nearly 2,000 aircraft.
Stylidium violaceum
Stylidium violaceum, the violet triggerplant, is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). S. violaceum is endemic to Australia and is found primarily in the southwestern region of Western Australia. It can grow up to 50 cm including the scape.  The mostly purple flowers are 10 mm tall and 6 mm broad.  Leaves are 5 cm long and about 4 mm broad. Flowering occurs mainly from October to January.  S. violaceum is found in locations with sandy or loamy sand soil texture conditions on hillslopes, dunes, or winter wet depressions and swamps.

Stylidium
Stylidium (the triggerplants or trigger plants) is a genus of dicotyledonous plants that belong to the family Stylidiaceae. The genus name Stylidium is derived from the Greek στύλος or stylos (column or pillar), which refers to the distinctive reproductive structure that its flowers possess. Pollination is achieved through the use of the sensitive "trigger", which comprises the male and female reproductive organs fused into a floral column that snaps forward quickly in response to touch, harmlessly covering the insect in pollen. Most of the approximately 300 species are only found in Australia, making it the fifth largest genus in that country. Triggerplants are considered to be protocarnivorous or carnivorous because the glandular trichomes that cover the scape and flower can trap, kill, and digest small insects with protease enzymes produced by the plant. Recent research has raised questions as to the status of protocarnivory within Stylidium.
1923 Cork Junior Hurling Championship
The 1923 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 29 June 1924 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork between Geraldines and Cobh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Geraldines won the match by 5-04 to 5-03 to claim their first ever championship title.

1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 11 August 1895 at the Park in Cork, between Blackrock and Evergreen. Blackrock won the match by 1–04 to 1–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.
Ghetto Qur'an (Forgive Me)
"Ghetto Qur'an (Forgive Me)" is a song by American rapper 50 Cent from his unreleased Columbia Records debut album Power of the Dollar and the song itself was leaked in early 2000. The song mentions drug dealers from the 1980s in his neighborhood of South Jamaica, Queens. In 2023, a writer for Vibe Magazine labeled the song "among the most controversial records ever laid on wax".

As with most of the album the song was produced by Poke & Tone of Trackmasters, who used a sample from Diana Ross' and Marvin Gaye's duet "Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)". The name of the song is a reference to the Islamic holy book, the Quran.

Supreme Team (gang)
The Supreme Team was an organized crime syndicate that operated throughout the 1980s in New York City. Their headquarters was the Baisley Park Projects, in South Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York. The leaders were Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff and his nephew, Gerald "Prince" Miller. In 1989, McGriff began serving a 10 year sentence in federal prison for a narcotics conviction.

In February 2007, McGriff was convicted in federal court of racketeering, two murder-for-hire homicides, narcotics trafficking, and engaging in illegal financial transactions with drug money. Although facing the death penalty for this conviction, he was ultimately sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
Phugla
Phugla Valley is a small valley near Taunsa Sharif in Dera Ghazi Khan District of Punjab the province of Pakistan. It is located near the border of Balochistan Province. The valley is divided into two major parts; Northern Phugla and Southern Phugla by a stream. The residents of Phugla are Baloch tribes, mainly the Qaisrani.

Dera Ghazi Khan District
Dera Ghazi Khan (Urdu: ضلع ڈيره غازى خان, Saraiki: ضلع دیرہ غازی خان) is a district in Punjab, Pakistan. Its administrative capital is Dera Ghazi Khan.

The district lies to the west of the Indus River. The Sulaiman Mountains rise to a height of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in the north of the district. Popular tourist destinations are Fort Munro, Yakbai Hill station and Mubarki Top.
Shediac/Cap-Pele Predators
The Shediac/Cap-Pele Predators were a Junior ice hockey team from Shediac, Scoudouc, Grand-Barachois and Cap-Pelé in New Brunswick, Canada.  The Predators played in the New Brunswick Junior C Hockey League.

New Brunswick Junior C Hockey League
The New Brunswick Junior C Hockey League was a Junior ice hockey league in New Brunswick, Canada, sanctioned by Hockey Canada.  The winner of the playoffs competed in the Maritime-Hockey North Junior C Championships.
Katsuya Toida
Katsuya Toida (戸井田 カツヤ, Toida Katsuya; born January 6, 1977), is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions. His real name is Katsuya Toida (戸井田 克也, Toida Katsuya). He is known for his judo and shoot wrestling expertise.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Pontoria, Minnesota
Pontoria is an unincorporated community in Ponto Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota, United States, near Backus.

The community is located between Pine River and Longville near the junction of State Highways 84 (MN 84) and 87 (MN 87).

Pontoria is located along Highway 84.  It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Brainerd, Minnesota
Brainerd (/ˈbreɪnərd/ BRAY-nərd) is a city in and the county seat of Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. Its population was 14,395 at the 2020 census. Brainerd straddles the Mississippi River several miles upstream from its confluence with the Crow Wing River, having been founded as a site for a railroad crossing above the confluence.

The Brainerd micropolitan area includes Cass and Crow Wing counties and had a population of 96,189 at the 2020 census. The city is well known for being the partial setting of the 1996 film Fargo.
Maine School Administrative District 51
The Maine School Administrative District 51 (RSU51/MSAD51) operates three public schools  for students in Cumberland, Maine, and North Yarmouth, Maine. The district has 163 teachers (FTEs) serving 2,320 students.

Note: North Yarmouth Memorial School closed in 2014.

Chebeague is no longer attached to MSAD 51. Drowne Road School was closed by the residents of Cumberland and North Yarmouth in 2011 due to budget cuts. North Yarmouth Memorial School was closed in 2014, and Greely Middle School was expanded to fit the students formerly in the North Yarmouth Memorial School. Greely Middle School was opened in 2005 to replace the Greely Junior High School.

North Yarmouth, Maine
North Yarmouth, officially the Town of North Yarmouth, is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. North Yarmouth is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 4,072 at the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Foreleg, cheeks and maw
The gift of the foreleg, cheeks and maw (Hebrew: זְרועַ לְחָיַיִם וְקֵיבָה) of a kosher-slaughtered animal to a kohen is a positive commandment in the Hebrew Bible. The Shulchan Aruch rules that after the slaughter of animal by a shochet (kosher slaughterer), the shochet is required to separate the cuts of the foreleg, cheek and maw and give them to a kohen freely, without the kohen paying or performing any service.

Sifre
Sifre (Hebrew: סִפְרֵי; siphrēy, Sifre, Sifrei, also, Sifre debe Rab or Sifre Rabbah) refers to either of two works of Midrash halakha, or classical Jewish legal biblical exegesis, based on the biblical books of Numbers and Deuteronomy.
Cold cathode
A cold cathode is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament. A cathode may be considered "cold" if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps, discharge tubes, and some types of vacuum tube. The other type of cathode is a hot cathode, which is heated by electric current passing through a filament. A cold cathode does not necessarily operate at a low temperature: it is often heated to its operating temperature by other methods, such as the current passing from the cathode into the gas.

Glow discharge
A glow discharge is a plasma formed by the passage of electric current through a gas. It is often created by applying a voltage between two electrodes in a glass tube containing a low-pressure gas. When the voltage exceeds a value called the striking voltage, the gas ionization becomes self-sustaining, and the tube glows with a colored light. The color depends on the gas used.

Glow discharges are used as sources of light in devices such as neon lights, cold-cathode fluorescent lamps and plasma-screen televisions. Analyzing the light produced with spectroscopy can reveal information about the atomic interactions in the gas, so glow discharges are used in plasma physics and analytical chemistry. They are also used in the surface treatment technique called sputtering.
ResurrXion
"ResurrXion" was a 2017 relaunch by the American publisher Marvel Comics of various comic book series related to the Inhumans and  the X-Men franchises. This was intended to establish a new status quo for both franchises after the events in the 2016 "Inhumans vs X-Men" storyline, which concluded a number of then-ongoing storylines that followed the 2015 "Secret Wars" storyline.

One notable effect of the relaunch is that it reaffirmed the importance of the X-Men characters and franchise, which some critics felt had grown isolated and diminished in prestige in light of the success of the Avengers-centered films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, a status that some felt was attributed to 20th Century Fox's then-ownership of the feature film rights for the X-Men, before Disney bought the studio in March 2019.

Old Man Logan
Old Man Logan is an alternative version of the superhero Wolverine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This character is an aged version of Wolverine set in an alternate future universe in which the supervillains overthrew the superheroes. Created by writer Mark Millar and artist Steve McNiven, the character first appeared in a storyline of the same name, which ran in Wolverine (Vol 3) #66–72 (June 2008 – June 2009) and which concluded in Wolverine Giant-Size Old Man Logan #1 (November 2009).

After the 2014 "Death of Wolverine" storyline, Laura Kinney took the Wolverine mantle but an Old Man Logan from the similar alternate universe was brought in to serve as an X-Man, and featured in his own ongoing series.

Old Man Logan was one of the inspirations for the 2017 film Logan, starring Hugh Jackman as the title character. The character later made a cameo appearance as Old Man Logan in the 2024 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Deadpool & Wolverine.
Langeberg Local Municipality
Langeberg Municipality (Afrikaans: Langeberg Munisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Langeberg), known before 28 August 2009 as Breede River/Winelands Municipality, is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2022, it had a population of 94,045. Its municipality code is WC026.

Robertson, South Africa
Robertson is a town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, known as the valley of wine and roses, at the heart of the wine route - Route 62.

Founded in 1853 and named after Dr William Robertson, a Scottish Dutch Reformed Church minister.: 302

Situated in the fertile Robertson Valley, farming and wagon building were the town's original industries. However, after the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899, the wagon building industry collapsed when the railways took over the transport of all goods.

Robertson subsequently became famous for its ostrich farming, but this industry collapsed as well shortly after World War I, and the farmers of the area turned to wine and fruit farming. Later, several successful racehorse stud farms were founded. Agriculture remains the mainstay of the town's economy.
Barton, Nova Scotia
Barton is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the District of Clare in Digby County. The village is named after the loyalist Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Barton of a New Jersey Volunteer Regiment.

Municipality of the District of Clare
Clare, officially named the Municipality of the District of Clare, is a district municipality  in south Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.
Zaliabad
Zaliabad (Persian: زالي آباد, also Romanized as Zālīābād) is a village in Mirbag-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 671, in 162 families.

Mirbag-e Shomali Rural District
Mirbag-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان میربگ شمالی) is in Mirbag District of Delfan County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Masumabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Farhadabad, now a neighborhood in the village of Mirbag.
Quinebaug Highlands
The Quinebaug Highlands are a 172,000 acre region of mountains surrounding the Connecticut/Massachusetts border near Ashford, Eastford, Union, and Woodstock in Connecticut and Southbridge and Sturbridge in Massachusetts.  It includes over 40,000 acres (160 km2) acres of protected forest. The highlands are the source for several rivers, including the Quinebaug River, and are part of the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor.

The highest elevation is 1,315 ft (401 m) Burley Hill in Union, CT.

East Brimfield Dam
The East Brimfield Dam is located on the Quinebaug River in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, approximately 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Worcester, Massachusetts.

Designed and constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, this dam substantially reduces flooding along the Quinebaug and Thames rivers. Construction of the project began in 1958 with completion in 1960 at a cost of $6,580,000.

The East Brimfield Reservoir, located in Sturbridge and Brimfield to its west, lies within the Quinebaug River Watershed and is part of the Thames River Basin. Access to the site is available from US Route 20.
Mojave County, California
Mojave County was a proposal in 1988 that would have split the northern and eastern 90% of San Bernardino County, currently the largest county in area in the contiguous United States, from the more urbanized southwestern 10%.

Proponents of the measure argued that their region was far too removed from the county seat at San Bernardino and that they were distinct in many ways from the Inland Empire. Areas included in the proposed county would have included the cities of Victorville, Barstow, Big Bear, Yucca Valley, Twentynine Palms and the isolated community of Needles along the Colorado River, a community closer to Las Vegas than to its county seat.

The proposal would have left the remainder of San Bernardino County confined to the area of the lower southwestern, more populous part of the county.

The measure was ultimately defeated.

Needles, California
Needles is a city in San Bernardino County, in the Mojave Desert region of Southern California. Situated on the western banks of the Colorado River, Needles is located near the California border with Arizona and Nevada. The city is accessible via Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 95. The population was 4,931 at the 2020 census, up from 4,844 at the 2010 census.
Waikato Raupatu Claims Settlement Act 1995
The Waikato Raupatu Claims Settlement Act 1995 is an act of the New Zealand Parliament passed into law in 1995. It was the first act implementing a major historical Treaty of Waitangi settlement since the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 was amended in 1985 to allow the Waitangi Tribunal to investigate historic breaches of the treaty.

Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975
The Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 gave the Treaty of Waitangi recognition in New Zealand law for the first time and established the Waitangi Tribunal. The tribunal is empowered to investigate possible breaches of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi by the New Zealand Government or any state-controlled body, occurring after 1975. It was also empowered to recommend, but not enforce, remedies.

The treaty had been a focus of Māori activism for several years, but many Māori were disappointed in the efficacy of the Waitangi Tribunal. Most of the significant breaches of the treaty, such as land confiscation in the New Zealand Wars, had occurred in the nineteenth century, and the tribunal was initially in 1975 powerless to investigate these. The act was amended in 1985 to enable it to consider claims dating back to 1840.
HgcF RNA
The HgcF RNA gene is a non-coding RNA identified computationally and experimentally verified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. The genes were named hgcA through hgcG ("high GC"). It was later identified as Pab35 H/ACA snoRNA with rRNA targets.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Maurice de Sausmarez
Maurice de Sausmarez (20 October 1915 – 28 October 1969) was an artist, writer and art educator. He played an important role in the establishment of the University of Leeds Department of Fine Art and was Principal of the Byam Shaw School of Drawing and Painting from 1962–1969. His influential book Basic Design: The Dynamics of Visual Form (1964) reached a wide international audience and remains in print.

Artists' International Association
The Artists' International Association (AIA) was an organisation founded in London in 1933 out of discussion among Pearl Binder, Clifford Rowe, Misha Black, James Fitton, James Boswell, James Holland, Edward Ardizzone, Peter Laszlo Peri and Edith Simon.