hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stone-boat
A stone-boat is a type of sled (sledge) for moving heavy objects such as stones or hay bales. Originally they were for animal-powered transport used with horses or oxen to clear fields of stones and other uses and may still be used with animals or tractors today.

The device may look like a low-profile sled with timber runners or have a flat bottom of planks secured together to slide over soft ground or snow.  Originally  made of wood, metal versions exist with hinges.

Sled
A sled, sledge, or sleigh is a vehicle that slides across a surface, usually of ice or snow. It is built with a smooth underside or a separate body supported by runners that reduce friction with the surface. Some designs are pulled by humans, animals, or machines to transport passengers or cargo across relatively level ground. Others are designed to travel downhill for recreation or competition. Terminology varies by region, for example "sled", "sledge", and "sleigh" have different common uses in British, American, and Australian English.
Călinești-Oaș
Călinești-Oaș (Romanian pronunciation: [kəliˌneʃtʲ ˈo̯aʃ]; Hungarian: Kányaháza, Hungarian pronunciation: [kaːniɒhaːzɒ]) is a commune in Satu Mare County, north-western Romania, with a population of 5,117 as of 2021. Part of the region of Maramureș, it is composed of four villages: Călinești-Oaș, Coca (Kakáktelep), Lechința (Avaslekence), and Pășunea Mare (Nagylegelő).

Situated on the western side of the Oaș Country Depression at a distance of 46 kilometres (29 mi) from the county capital Satu Mare, Călinești borders Gherța Mică commune to the north, to the south Prilog-Vii village and Livada city, to the east Boinești village and to the west Turulung commune, which represents the boundary of the Oaș Country.

Tur (river)
The Tur (Hungarian: Túr) is a tributary of the river Tisza. Its sources are located in the Oaș Mountains in Romania. The Tur starts at the confluence of its headwaters, the Gorova and Turișor. It then flows through Satu Mare County in Romania. The main town on the Tur is Negrești-Oaș. The river then forms the border between Romania and Ukraine on a reach of 5.2 km (3.2 mi), and the border between Romania and Hungary for 1.1 km (0.68 mi). The Tur joins the Tisza river near Szatmárcseke in Hungary. Its basin size is 1,144 km2 (442 sq mi).: 22
1898 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1898 World Figure Skating Championship is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

In 1898, the competition took place on February 15 in London, United Kingdom. It was won by Henning Grenander of Sweden. However, the second- and third-place contestants, Gustav Hügel and Gilbert Fuchs, who had won the championship in 1897 and 1896 respectively, filed a protest alleging biased refereeing: In their opinion, Judges Adams, Jenkin, and von Rosen strongly overestimated the Swede, and Hügel and Fuchs demanded that he should be deprived of his title. The organizers considered the protest, but rejected it as not substantiated. After this scandal, Grenander left figure skating and no longer performed at official competitions.

1897 World Figure Skating Championships
The  1897 World Figure Skating Championship was an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

The competition took place from February 13th to 14th in Stockholm, Sweden. All judges came from the same country – Sweden.

Gustav Hügel won the competition despite a tendon strain. He got this injury when he was training in Hamburg, Germany.
Fissolimbus
Fissolimbus is a fungal genus in the family Marasmiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Fissolimbus fallaciosus, which is found in Papua New Guinea. The genus and species were described as new to science in 1979.

Marasmiaceae
The Marasmiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are most frequently agarics (gilled mushrooms), but occasionally cyphelloid (in the genus Cellypha). According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 54 genera and 1590 species, but molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has led to a more restricted family concept, so that the Marasmiaceae included just 13 genera, and some 1205 species. It was reduced further down in 2020, to 10 genera and about 700 species.
Holy Grail Temple
Holy Grail Temple is a 6,711-foot-elevation (2,046-meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. It is situated seven miles north-northeast of Havasupai Point, and two miles west-northwest of King Arthur Castle, within the Shinumo Amphitheater. Topographic relief is significant as it rises over 4,500 feet (1,400 meters) above the Colorado River in three miles. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Holy Grail Temple is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone, with precipitation runoff draining south to Shinumo Creek, which flows west to the Colorado River.

Supai Group
The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau. The group was laid down during the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian. Cliff-forming interbeds  of sandstone are noticeable throughout the group. The Supai Group is quite well exposed throughout the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona, as well as local regions of southwest Utah, such as the Virgin River valley region. Known as the Supai Formation, it occurs in Arizona at Chino Point, Sycamore Canyon, and famously at Sedona as parts of Oak Creek Canyon. In the Sedona region, it is overlain by the Hermit Formation, and the colorful Schnebly Hill Formation. The Supai Group has been traced westward into the Great Basin in Nevada and California. and recognized in Paleozoic metamorphic strata exposed in the Big Maria Mountains, northeastern Riverside County, southeastern California.
Shun'ichi Kuryu
Shun'ichi Kuryu (栗生 俊一, Kuryu Shun'ichi; born 6 December 1958) is a Japanese police officer who served as Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary from 2021 to 2024. He previously served as Commissioner General of the National Police Agency from 2018 to 2020.

Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary
The Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary (内閣官房副長官, Naikaku-kanbō-fuku-chōkan) is an official in the Japanese government who assists the Chief Cabinet Secretary. Since July 1998 there have always been three Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretaries at any given time.
Carmenta tildeni
Carmenta tildeni is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It was described by Thomas D. Eichlin in 1995, and is known from the United States, where it is found in Arizona and southern Texas, and from Mexico.

The wingspan is 8–10 mm for females.

Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.: Backcover, 6
I'll Always Remember You
"I'll Always Remember You" is the ninth episode of the fourth season, and 94th overall episode, of the Disney Channel sitcom series Hannah Montana. It was written by Andrew Green and Maria Brown-Gallenberg. It originally aired on November 7, 2010. The episode title is a reference to the Hannah Montana song "I'll Always Remember You". The one-hour episode is notable for being the first time Miley Stewart admits her secret to the world that she is Hannah Montana.

The episode features three original songs: "Barefoot Cinderella", "I'll Always Remember You", and "Wherever I Go." This episode is also notable for being the last time that Hannah Montana and Lola Luftnagle are featured in an episode, with Miley Stewart becoming the main focus of the show for the remaining episodes.

Hannah Montana season 4
The fourth and final season of the television series Hannah Montana (marketed as Hannah Montana Forever) began airing on Disney Channel on July 11, 2010. In this season, Mitchel Musso's character Oliver Oken becomes a recurring character, and is no longer in the main cast due to Musso preparing for the Disney XD series Pair of Kings. This is the only season of the show to be broadcast in high-definition. The season ended on January 16, 2011.

The fourth and final season of the series was released on DVD on March 8, 2011.
2012 CONCACAF Champions League final
The 2012 CONCACAF Champions League final was the final of the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League, the 4th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current format, and overall the 47th edition of the premium football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

The final was contested in a two-leg aggregate format on 18 and 25 April 2012, between two Mexican teams, Monterrey and Santos Laguna. After winning the first leg 2–0, a 2–1 loss in the second leg gave Monterrey the title 3–2 on aggregate. As a result, Monterrey earned the right to represent CONCACAF at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup, entering at the quarterfinal stage.

2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League was the 4th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current format, and overall the 47th edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament began on July 26, 2011 and finished with the second leg of the final April 25, 2012.

Defending champions Monterrey won the title, and qualified as the CONCACAF representative at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup.
1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 1808 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 26 to 28, 1808, to elect 17 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 11th United States Congress. At the same time, a vacancy was filled in the 10th United States Congress.

1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 26, 1808, and May 5, 1809. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 11th United States Congress convened on May 22, 1809. They coincided with James Madison being elected as president. Elections were held for all 142 seats, representing 17 states.

Despite Madison's victory, voters in districts whose economies were driven by shipping or manufacturing rather than agriculture shifted to the Federalist Party mainly due to the unpopularity of the Embargo Act of 1807 and fears that Democratic-Republican Party policies could trigger a naval war with France or Britain. The politically dominant Democratic-Republicans won their smallest majority since the pivotal, realigning election of 1800.
Calf Robe Mountain
Calf Robe Mountain is a 7,948-foot-elevation (2,423-meter) mountain summit located in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. It is situated on the Continental Divide in the Lewis Range, and can be seen from Highway 2 midway between Marias Pass and East Glacier Park. The summit is set on the border shared by Flathead County and Glacier County. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises 2,500 feet (760 meters) in one mile. The immediate area between the mountain and highway is known for its aspen and beaver dams.

Marias Pass
Marias Pass (elevation 5,213 feet (1,589 m)) is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains in the state of Montana in the Western United States. Lying on the southern border of
Glacier National Park, it is traversed by US Highway 2 and by the BNSF Hi-Line Subdivision.
The pass is the lowest crossing of the Continental Divide between Canada and central New Mexico, and is the northernmost pass in the US open to automobile traffic year-round.
IROC IX
IROC IX was the ninth year of IROC competition, which took place in 1985. It saw the use of the Chevrolet Camaro in all races, was the second straight season that television coverage was on CBS, and continued the format introduced in IROC VIII. Race one took place on the Daytona International Speedway, race two took place at Mid-Ohio, race three was rained out at Talladega Superspeedway, and race four concluded the year at Michigan International Speedway. Harry Gant won the championship and $158,200 in a tie-breaker with Darrell Waltrip.

The roster of drivers and final points standings were as follows:

IROC VIII
IROC VIII was the eighth year of IROC competition, which took place in 1984. It saw the use of the Chevrolet Camaro in all races, and was the first incarnation of the IROC format in which twelve drivers from different series compete in all four races. Races one and four took place at Michigan International Speedway, while race two took place at Burke Lakefront Airport, and race three ran on the Talladega Superspeedway. Cale Yarborough won one race en route to the championship and $150,000.

This season was the first of three straight that television coverage was on CBS.

The roster of drivers and final points standings were as follows:
Foundry sand testing
Foundry sand testing is a  process used to determine if the foundry sand has the correct properties for a certain casting process. The sand is used to make moulds and cores via a pattern. In a sand casting foundry there are broadly two reasons for rejection of the casting — metal and sand — each of which has a large number of internal variables. The defects arising from the sand can be prevented by using sand testing equipment to measure the various properties of the sand.

Core (manufacturing)
A core is a device used in casting and moulding processes to produce internal cavities and reentrant angles (an interior angle that is greater than 180°). The core is normally a disposable item that is destroyed to get it out of the piece. They are most commonly used in sand casting, but are also used in die casting and injection moulding.

For example, cores define multiple passages inside cast engine blocks. One model of GM V-8 engine requires 5 dry-sand cores for every casting.
Judith Cook
Judith Cook (9 July 1933 – 12 May 2004) was an anti-nuclear campaigner, historical novelist, journalist and lecturer in theatre at the University of Exeter. She wrote several mysteries based on the casebooks of Dr Simon Forman, an Elizabethan doctor and astrologer.

Through the columns of The Guardian's women's page, edited by Mary Stott, she founded the anti-nuclear organisation Voice of Women after the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, at a time when the world seemed on the verge of nuclear war.

Mary Stott
Mary Stott OBE (born Charlotte Mary Waddington) (18 July 1907 – 16 September 2002) was a British feminist and journalist. She was editor of The Guardian newspaper's women's page between 1957 and 1972.

Charlotte Mary Waddington was born in Leicester, England, the only daughter and third child of Robert Guy Waddington and his wife, born Amalie Bates. Robert and Amalie Waddington were both journalists. In 1937, she married Ken Stott, who was a journalist for the News Chronicle.

In November 2005, she was posthumously included (one of just five women) in the Press Gazette's 40-strong "gallery" of most influential British journalists.
Nandini Sidda Reddy
Nandini Sidda Reddy (or Sidhareddy, Sidha Reddy; Telugu: నందిని సిధారెడ్డి; born 12 June 1955) is a teacher, writer, poet, songwriter and social activist from the state of Telangana, India. 
He is known for promoting Telugu culture.
Several of his songs have been featured in Telugu language films.
He was one of the leaders of the Telangana movement to make Telangana a separate state from Andhra Pradesh, which took place in 2014. 
He was the first Chairman of the Telangana Sahitya Akademi.

Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University
Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University (SPTU), formerly Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University (PSTU), is a public state university in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is one of the few Indian language universities in India.
Mack NR
The Mack NR was a heavy 6x4 cargo truck designed and produced in the 1940s by the American manufacturer Mack Trucks. It was used mainly by the British Army to transport cargo and materiel over long distances during World War II. The official U.S. Army designation was: Truck, 10 ton, 6x4, Cargo. Its G-number was (G-528).

Tank transporter
A tank transporter is a combination of a heavy tractor unit or a ballast tractor and a mating full trailer, hydraulic modular trailer or semi-trailer (typically of the "lowboy" type), used for transporting tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles. Some also function as tank recovery vehicles, the tractors of which may be armoured for protection in combat conditions.

Used on roads, tank transporters reduce the wear and tear on tracks and the other components of the powertrains of tracked vehicles. They also conserve fuel, are less damaging of road surfaces, and reduce tank crew fatigue.  Overall, they are more efficient at moving tanks at higher speeds and longer distances than the tanks themselves.
Ginkgo adiantoides
Ginkgo adiantoides is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae from the Late Cretaceous to the Miocene.

Evolutionary history is unresolved. Morphological and molecular data show a wide range of possible relationships with cycads and conifers.

Ginkgo leaves were borne on both long and short shoots on lateral branches of the main stem. They are recognized by their distinctive leaf shape and open dichotomous venation pattern. Ginkogoales are spermatophytes, belong to the lignophyte clade, and are euphyllophytes.

Ginkgo
Ginkgo is a genus of non-flowering seed plants, assigned to the gymnosperms. The scientific name is also used as the English common name. The order to which the genus belongs, Ginkgoales, first appeared in the Permian, 270 million years ago, and Ginkgo is now the only living genus within the order. The rate of evolution within the genus has been slow, and almost all its species had become extinct by the end of the Pliocene. The sole surviving species, Ginkgo biloba, is found in the wild only in China, but is cultivated around the world. The relationships between ginkgos and other groups of plants are not fully resolved.
Katherine Willets
Katherine "Kallie" A. Willets is an American chemist who is a professor of physical chemistry at Temple University. She develops characterization techniques to better understand materials and heterogeneity at interfaces.

Richard P. Van Duyne
Richard P. Van Duyne (1945–2019) was an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Northwestern University. He was known for his development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and nanoplasmonics initially for analytical and physical chemistry, but the high sensitivity of these methods resulted in numerous applications in chemistry, material science, physics, and medicine. He definitively demonstrated the single molecule sensitivity of SERS.

Van Duyne was recognized by numerous awards, including the Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy of the American Physical Society, the E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy and the Analytical Chemistry Award of the American Chemical Society. He was also elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. In 2008, he received the Ellis R. Lippincott Award.
David Bloom (musician)
David M. Bloom is an American guitarist, flautist, composer/arranger/producer, educator, author, and director. Bloom founded the Bloom School of Jazz in Chicago where he continues to teach. Notable musicians who have attended the Bloom School include Alex Wurman,  Graham Maby, Steve Rodby, Jon Weber, Cliff Colnot, Rob Parton, Mark Colby, and Rob Mazurek, with workshops from John Scofield and Mike Stern. Bloom authors jazz instruction books under his own Bloom School of Jazz Publishing which is distributed by Hal Leonard. Along with composing, arranging, writing, and directing The Bloom School of Jazz, Bloom directs documentary films about essential human values. Bloom's father was the late educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom, who made major contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery-learning. David Bloom's own applications of mastery-learning have made him one of the most sought after teachers in Jazz today.

Mike Stern
Mike Stern (born Michael Sedgwick, January 10, 1953) is an American jazz guitarist. After playing with Blood, Sweat & Tears, he worked with drummer Billy Cobham, then with trumpeter Miles Davis from 1981 to 1983 and again in 1985. He then began a solo career, releasing more than 20 albums.

Stern was named Best Jazz Guitarist of 1993 by Guitar Player magazine. At the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal in June 2007, he was given the Miles Davis Award, which was created to recognize internationally acclaimed jazz artists whose work has contributed significantly to the renewal of the genre. In 2009, Stern was listed on Down Beat's list of 75 best jazz guitarists of all time. He received Guitar Player magazine's Certified Legend Award on January 21, 2012.
Leena Löfstedt
Maija Leena Löfstedt (née Kekomäki; born 17 July 1937) is a Finnish Latinist and Romance philologist. She is professor emerita of Romance philology at the University of Jyväsklä in Finland and an associate of UCLA᾽s CMRS Center for Early Global Studies. She is the widow of the Swedish Latinist Bengt Löfstedt.

University of Jyväskylä
The University of Jyväskylä (Finnish: Jyväskylän yliopisto) is a research university in Jyväskylä, Finland. It has its origins in the first Finnish-speaking Teacher Training College (the so-called Teacher Seminary), founded in 1863. Around 14,900 students are currently enrolled in the degree programs of the university.
Sri Rajarajeswari Matriculation Higher Secondary School
Sri Rajarajeswari Matriculation Higher Secondary School (SRRMHSS), previously Shri Rajarajeswari Matriculation School (SRRMS), is a private educational institution located at Kangayam, in Tirupur District of Tamil Nadu. The school offers classes from Lower Kindergarten (LKG) to Twelfth grade.

Tiruppur district
Tiruppur district is one of the 38 districts of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, formed in 22 February 2009. Dharapuram was the largest taluk by area in the district. The district is well-developed and industrialized. The Tiruppur banian industry, the cotton market, Kangeyam bull and Uthukkuli butter, among other things, provide for a vibrant economy. The city of Tiruppur is the administrative headquarters for the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,479,052 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.