hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Birkheim
Birkheim (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkhaɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, whose seat is in Emmelshausen.

Electorate of Trier
The Electorate of Trier (German: Kurfürstentum Trier or Kurtrier; French: Trèves) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It was the temporal possession of the prince-archbishop of Trier (Erzbistum Trier) who was, ex officio, a prince-elector of the empire. The other ecclesiastical electors were the archbishops (in the secular context called simply electors) of Cologne and Mainz.

The capital of the electorate was Trier; from the 16th century onward, the main residence of the Elector was in Koblenz. The electorate was secularized in 1803 in the course of the German mediatisation.

The Elector of Trier, in his capacity as archbishop, also administered the Archdiocese of Trier, whose territory did not correspond to the electorate (see map below).
Reputation laundering
Reputation laundering occurs when a person or an organization conceals unethical, corrupt, or criminal behavior or other forms of controversy by performing highly visible positive actions with the intent to improve their reputation and obscure their history.

Reputation laundering can include gestures such as donating to charities, sponsoring sports teams, or joining prominent associations.

Ethics of philanthropy
Philanthropy poses a number of ethical issues:

How donors should choose beneficiaries and ensure that their donations are effective.

Acceptable marketing practices for grant seekers.

A recipient may violate the donor's intent in spirit or in law.

A donor's activities may be considered incompatible with those of the institution's mission.

Specifically, a recipient may be perceived as complicit with or oblivious to a donor's unethical practices, thus tainting its own good name, especially when an institution grants naming rights.

A donor may receive a quid pro quo for all or part of a donation.
Boulder Japan Cup 2026
The 2026 Boulder Japan Cup (BJC) was the 21st edition of the annual competition bouldering event organised by the Japan Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Association (JMSCA), held in Komazawa Olympic Park, Tokyo.

BJC is the sole selection event for Japan’s national bouldering team. Athletes who place highly at the BJC are eligible to compete in the Boulder World Cups, subject to JMSCA's prevailing selection criteria. BJC 2026 was the first domestic competition of the 2026 season. 50 men and 50 women competed, with Meichi Narasaki and Futaba Ito winning the men’s and women’s titles respectively, repeating their victories from the Boulder Japan Cup 2023.

Climbing Japan Cup
Climbing Japan Cup or Japan Climbing Cup is a series of climbing competitions held annually and organized by the JMSCA (Japan Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Association). The athletes compete in three disciplines: lead, bouldering and speed. The first Lead Japan Cup was held in 1987. The first Bouldering Japan Cup was held in 2005. The first Combined Japan Cup was held in 2018. The first Speed Japan Cup was held in 2019.
Sergei V. Kalinin
Sergei V. Kalinin is a materials scientist known for pioneering the integration of artificial intelligence, atomic-scale fabrication, and high-resolution microscopy. He is a Chief Scientist for AI/ML in the Physical Sciences at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and a Weston Fulton Chair Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Kalinin is recognized for developing data-driven microscopy methods and for advancing the concept of atom-by-atom manufacturing.

Kalinin co-authored 27 patents, over 800 publications that have been cited over 61,000 times with h-index of 121 (as of Nov 2025). Kalinin’s research sits at the intersection of automation, AI-accelerated discovery, and nanotechnology, making his work influential to emerging innovation sectors including quantum materials, advanced energy systems, and next-generation information technologies.

Piezoresponse force microscopy
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM) that allows imaging and manipulation of piezoelectric/ferroelectric materials domains. This is achieved by bringing a sharp conductive probe into contact with a ferroelectric surface (or piezoelectric material) and applying an alternating current (AC) bias to the probe tip in order to excite deformation of the sample through the converse piezoelectric effect (CPE). The resulting deflection of the probe cantilever is detected through standard split photodiode detector methods and then demodulated by use of a lock-in amplifier (LiA). In this way topography and ferroelectric domains can be imaged simultaneously with high resolution.
No. 41 Wing RAAF
No. 41 Wing of the RAAF is one of four wings attached to the Royal Australian Air Force's Surveillance and Response Group. The others are Nos. 42, 44 and 92 Wings. The No. 41 Wing Unit is divided into four sub units that are responsible for Air Surveillance both within Australia and abroad; No. 1 Remote Sensor Unit (1 RSU), No. 3 Control and Reporting Unit (3 CRU), No. 114 Mobile Control and Reporting Unit (114 MCRU) and the Surveillance and Control Training Unit (SACTU). No. 2 Squadron was transferred to the wing in September 2023 when No. 42 Wing was disbanded.

Component units:

No. 1 Remote Sensor Unit RAAF

No. 2 Squadron RAAF

No. 3 Control and Reporting Unit RAAF

No. 114 Mobile Control and Reporting Unit RAAF

Surveillance and Control Training Unit RAAF

No. 3 Control and Reporting Unit RAAF
No. 3 Control and Reporting Unit (3CRU) is a Royal Australian Air Force surveillance unit. 3CRU is currently headquartered at RAAF Base Williamtown near Newcastle, New South Wales and is primarily responsible for conducting surveillance of Australia's airspace and air battle management for RAAF flying squadrons. Operating from the Eastern Region Operations Centre, known commonly as EROC, 3CRU is the premier ADGE unit. A detachment of 3CRU, 3CRU DET TDL, operates from the Northern Region Operations Centre (NROC) at RAAF Base Tindal and currently operates the  Vigilare air surveillance  system.

By 2024, the unit will have received one of its new CEAFAR HPAR-64SG AESA radars, replacing the TPS-77.
Belle Rive, Edmonton
Belle Rive is a residential neighbourhood in north Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

It is bounded on the north by 167 Avenue, on the south by 153 Avenue, and on the east by 82 Street.  The western boundary, which it shares with Eaux Claires runs along a line located between 89 Street and 90 Street.

Housing in the neighbourhood is a mixture of single-family dwellings (93%), duplexes (4%) and row houses (3%).  Substantially all residences in the neighbourhood are owner-occupied.

The neighbourhood was initially intended to be named Belle Riva, to honour the city's large Italian community, however the spelling error was never corrected.

Eaux Claires, Edmonton
Eaux Claires is a residential neighbourhood located in northeast Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  It is bounded on the north by 167 Avenue, on the west by 97 Street, and on the south by 153 Avenue.  The east boundary runs along a line located between 89 Street and 90 Street.  Travel north along 97 Street takes residents to CFB Edmonton while travel south along 97 Street takes residents past the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology and into the downtown core.

Housing in the neighbourhood is a mixture of single-family houses (55.7%), walk-up apartment style condominiums (32.6%), and duplexes (11.7%).  The majority of residential dwelling units are owner-occupied.
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) is a public agency of the City and County of San Francisco that provides water, wastewater, and electric power services to the city. The SFPUC also provides wholesale water service to an additional 1.9 million customers in three other San Francisco Bay Area counties.

San Francisco Municipal Railway
The San Francisco Municipal Railway (SF Muni or Muni /ˈmjuːni/ MEW-nee) is the primary public transit system within San Francisco, California. It operates a system of bus routes (including trolleybuses), the Muni Metro light rail system, three historic cable car lines, and two historic streetcar lines. Previously an independent agency, the San Francisco Municipal Railway merged with two other agencies in 1999 to become the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). In 2018, Muni served 46.7 square miles (121 km2) with an operating budget of about $1.2 billion. Muni is the seventh highest-ridership transit system in the United States, with 145,641,700 rides in 2024, and the second highest in California after the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
Darlington Historic District
Darlington Historic District is a national historic district at Darlington, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It includes approximately 100 small-scale structures in the village of Darlington.  They include four churches including the Darlington United Methodist Church and the Deer Creek Friends Meetinghouse, a dozen shops and stores, barns/garages, meathouses, chicken houses, and other outbuildings, a lodge hall, a grammar school, a cemetery, and three working farms.  They date particularly from the late 19th century through the early 20th century.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Deer Creek Friends Meetinghouse
Deer Creek Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Friends meeting house located at Darlington, Harford County, Maryland.  It is a one-story fieldstone structure, six bays long on the south, four bays on the north, and three bays wide. It was constructed in 1784 to replace a building of 1737 and renovated in 1888. The interior is divided into two spaces by an original paneled partition and the benches are original, with 10 benches in each room and an aisle down the center. The property also includes a five-stall horse shed and a cemetery with burials dating from 1775 to 1930.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Thursday, July 10, 1924. 15 hammer throwers from ten nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 4. The event was won by Fred Tootell of the United States, the nation's sixth consecutive victory in the event; the Americans would not win again until 1956. Tootell was the first of the winners to have been born in the United States; the previous winners had all been Irish-American. Fellow American Matt McGrath, the 1908 silver medalist and 1912 champion, took silver once again; he was the second man (after triple gold medalist John Flanagan) to earn three medals in the hammer throw. Malcolm Nokes earned Great Britain's first medal in the event with his bronze.

Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics
At the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris, 27 athletics events were contested, all for men only. The competitions were held from 6 to 13 July.

There were no events in athletics for women at this edition of the Olympic Games.
Contrast-induced nephropathy
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a purported form of kidney damage in which there has been recent exposure to medical imaging contrast material without another clear cause for the acute kidney injury.

Despite extensive speculation, the actual occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy has not been demonstrated in the literature. Analysis of observational studies has shown that radiocontrast use in CT scanning is not causally related to changes in kidney function.

Creatinine
Creatinine (/kriˈætɪnɪn, -ˌniːn/; from Ancient Greek  κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
Mirrors and Reflections
Mirrors and Reflections: The Geometry of Finite Reflection Groups is an undergraduate-level textbook on the geometry of reflection groups. It was written by Alexandre V. Borovik and Anna Borovik and published in 2009 by Springer in their Universitext book series. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has recommended its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

Reflection group
In group theory and geometry, a reflection group is a discrete group which is generated by a set of reflections of a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The symmetry group of a regular polytope or of a tiling of the Euclidean space by congruent copies of a regular polytope is necessarily a reflection group. Reflection groups also include Weyl groups and crystallographic Coxeter groups. While the orthogonal group is generated by reflections (by the Cartan–Dieudonné theorem), it is a continuous group (indeed, Lie group), not a discrete group, and is generally considered separately.
1992 World Matchplay (snooker)
The 1992 Coalite World Matchplay was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 4 and 12 December 1992 at The Dome Leisure Centre in Doncaster, England. This was the final year the tournament was held as ITV which televised this event from 5 December were soon to be ending their snooker coverage on the channel.

James Wattana won the event, defeating Steve Davis 9–4 in the final which was reduced to a two session best of 17 frames final as it was for the first final 4 years earlier.

1988 World Matchplay (snooker)
The 1988 Everest World Matchplay was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 2 and 10 December 1988 in Brentwood, England.

Established by Barry Hearn, this was the first World Matchplay tournament and was an invitation event for the top twelve players on the provisional ranking list. It was the first snooker event to offer a six-figure prize with the winner of the event sponsored by Everest, the double glazing company, receiving £100,000.

Of the 12 players, the top eight seeds received a bye into the quarter-finals. Steve Davis won the event, defeating John Parrott 9–5 in the final.
Diclinanona calycina
Diclinanona calycina is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Ludwig Diels, the German botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Xylopia calycina, named it after its well-developed calyx (calycinus in Latin).

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Daniel Farke
Daniel Farke (German pronunciation: [ˈdaːni̯eːl ˈfaʁkə, -ni̯ɛl -]; born 30 October 1976) is a German professional football manager and former player who is the manager of Premier League club Leeds United.

Farke spent most of his playing career with SV Lippstadt, where he also began his management career. After a spell at Borussia Dortmund II, he led Norwich City for four years, twice winning the EFL Championship. In January 2022 he was appointed as head coach of Russian Premier League club Krasnodar, but resigned two months later without managing a game due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He then managed Borussia Mönchengladbach for a season before being appointed manager of Leeds United.

2018–19 EFL Championship
The 2018–19 EFL Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the EFL Championship under its current name, and the twenty-seventh season under its current league structure. Norwich City were crowned champions on the final day, following a 2–1 win over Aston Villa.
Zuzi Zu
Zumreta Midžić, known by her stage name Zuzi Zu, is a popular Bosnian singer, musician and songwriter. She performs various music genres from pop-rock to Bosnian folk - sevdalinka and Gypsy music. She was born in Velika Kladuša, Bosnia and Herzegovina and for many years she was living and working in Sarajevo.

Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Radiotelevizija Bosne i Hercegovine (abbr.  BHRT), or Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is the national public broadcaster of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the only member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the central institution of the public broadcasting system of BiH, a unique structure that also includes the entity-level broadcasters Radio and Television of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RTVFBiH) and Radio and Television of Republika Srpska (RTRS). As of February 2026, it employs 700 staff.
Johannes Mononen
Johannes Mononen (born 4 May 1991) is a Finnish footballer, who formerly represented AC Oulu of Ykkönen, the second highest level of football in Finland. He was also part of Finland national under-18 football team. He is a defender and usually plays the position of central defender.
Mononen's youth team was JIPPO from Joensuu, for which he also played 13 matches in Ykkönen, the second highest level of football in Finland, in 2008. After that he made a contract with Tampere United of the premier league. He has been on trial with Italian teams Inter Milan and Chievo Verona.

Ykkönen
Ykkönen (Finnish for 'Number One'; Swedish: Ettan, previously I divisioona) is the third highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga and Ykkösliiga), managed by the Football Association of Finland. Until the end of 2023, Ykkönen was the second-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, it was dropped down one level in the league pyramid.
Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón
Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón (died 1193) was a magnate and ricohombre from Palencia who played a key role in the Medieval history of the Iberian Peninsula. He was the first one of his lineage to add Girón to his patronymic. Owner of vast holdings and estates, Rodrigo and his relatives formed one of the most powerful clans in Tierra de Campos since the time of the Banu Gómez.

Tenant-in-chief
In medieval and early modern Europe, a tenant-in-chief (or vassal-in-chief) was a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land tenure directly from the lord paramount to whom he did homage, as opposed to holding them from another nobleman or senior member of the clergy. The tenure was one that denoted great honour, but also carried heavy responsibilities. The tenants-in-chief were originally responsible for providing knights and soldiers for the king's feudal army.
2017 MLS SuperDraft
The 2017 MLS SuperDraft was the eighteenth SuperDraft conducted by Major League Soccer. The SuperDraft is held each year in conjunction with the annual National Soccer Coaches Association of America convention. The first two rounds of the 2017 SuperDraft were held in Los Angeles, California on January 13, 2017, as part of the NSCAA 2017 convention. Rounds three and four were held via conference call on January 17, 2017.

MLS SuperDraft
The MLS SuperDraft is an annual college draft for teams of Major League Soccer in the United States and Canada in which MLS clubs take turns selecting from a pool of eligible amateur players. These drafted players usually come from university teams competing in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It takes place in December or January and is used by teams to select players who have graduated from college or otherwise been signed by the league. The SuperDraft was first instituted in 2000, as a combination of the MLS College Draft, in which players having graduated from college were selected, and the MLS Supplemental Draft, in which all other players were chosen. The draft is divided into three rounds in which each club has a selection, the order of which is determined by a combination of the teams' playoff and regular season positions, with the last placed team (or expansion teams) getting the first pick.
Jayrud
Jairoud (Arabic: جيرود; also spelled Jerud or Jayroud) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located northeast of Damascus in the Qalamoun Mountains. Nearby localities include ar-Ruhaybah, al-Qutayfah and Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun to the southwest, Yabroud, an-Nabek and Deir Atiyah to the north and al-Qaryatayn to the northeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Jairoud had a population of 24,219 in the 2004 census. The city is also the administrative center of the Jairoud nahiyah which consists of four towns and villages with a combined population of 31,821. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Al-Nabek
An-Nabek or Al-Nabek (Arabic: النبك, romanized: an-Nabk) is a Syrian city administratively belonging to Rif Dimashq and the capital of the Qalamoun. It is located 81 kilometers (50 mi) north of Damascus and south of Homs and has an altitude of 1,255 meters (4,117 ft). According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), An-Nabek had a population of 32,548 in the 2004 census. The Monastery of St. Moses the Abyssinian (Deir Mar Musa al-Habashi) is located along the Anti-Lebanon Mountains near Nabek and dates back to at least the 6th century.

In the mid-19th century, the population was recorded as consisting mostly of Sunni Muslims, Syriac Catholic and Melkite Catholic Christians. In the mid-1940s, its 6,000 inhabitants were noted to be Sunni Muslims.
North Eifel
The North Eifel (German: Nordeifel), the northern part of the Eifel, a low mountain range in Germany and East Belgium, comprises the following six sub-regions:

Venn Foreland,

Hohes Venn,

Rur Eifel,

Limestone Eifel,

Our Valley and

High Eifel.

All elements belong to the Hohes Venn – Eifel Nature Park.

The raised bog of the Hohes Venn is particularly noteworthy. It was designated as a world heritage site by UNESCO. The Eifel Lake Plateau with the second largest dam in Germany, the Rur Valley Dam, lies in the centre of the North Eifel.

Also within the North Eifel are:

Eifel National Park,

Monschau Hedegerow Country (Monschauer Heckenland),

Kermeter,

Hürtgen Forest and

Zitter Forest.

High Eifel
The High Eifel (German: Hocheifel (Ost) or Hohe Eifel) forms part of the Eifel Mountains in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

The landscape here between Adenau, Mendig and Daun rises to a height of 747 m. The region is not to be confused with the western Hocheifel, better known as the Schnee Eifel.
Nürburg Castle and the famous Nürburgring racing track are located in the northwest of the area.
Symphygas
Symphygas is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. It contains only one species, Symphygas nephaula, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Tasmania. The habitat consists of subalpine open forests at altitudes between 950 and 1,100 meters.

The wingspan is about 13.5 mm for males and 14.5 mm for females.

Tortricinae
The Tortricinae are the nominate subfamily of tortrix moths. Commonly referred to as leafrollers, as the larvae build shelters by folding or rolling leaves of the food plant,  the tortricinae include several notable pests as well species used as biological control agents against invasive weeds.