hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demographics of Sweden
The demography of Sweden is monitored by the Statistiska centralbyrån (Statistics Sweden). Sweden's population was 10,605,500 (31 December 2025), making it the 15th-most populous country in Europe after Portugal, the 10th-most populous member state of the European Union, and the 89th-most populous country in the world. The total fertility rate was rated at 1.43 in 2024, which is far below the replacement rate of 2.1.

The population exceeded 10 million for the first time on Friday, 20 January 2017. The three largest cities are Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Sweden's population has become much more ethnically, religiously and linguistically non-Swedish over the past 70 years as a result of immigration. Every fourth (24.9%) resident in the country has a foreign background and every third (32.3%) has at least one parent born abroad. The most common foreign ancestry is Finnish.

Statistics Sweden projects a Swedish population of 12.6 million in 2070.

Sámi languages
The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
Enabling transformation
In computer science, an enabling transformation is a compiler optimization that increases the effectiveness of other compiler optimizations. Such an optimization may or may not improve program performance by itself, but it also alters the structure of the program in such a way that other optimizations may produce superior results. Typical enabling transformations include:

Inline expansion: By inserting the body of a function in place of its call site, a large collection of intraprocedural optimizations such as dead code elimination, loop-invariant code motion, and induction variable elimination can take advantage of information from both the caller and callee.

Loop skewing: By "skewing" the logical shape of an array, this loop optimization can (when combined with loop interchange) eliminate loop-carried dependencies, allowing an inner loop to be parallelized.

Loop unswitching moves loop invariants out of a loop, reducing the number of conditional branches in each loop.

Loop interchange
In compiler theory, loop interchange is the process of exchanging the order of two iteration variables used by a nested loop. The variable used in the inner loop switches to the outer loop, and vice versa. It is often done to ensure that the elements of a multi-dimensional array are accessed in the order in which they are present in memory, improving locality of reference.

For example, in the code fragment:

loop interchange would result in:

On occasion, such a transformation may create opportunities to further optimize, such as automatic vectorization of the array assignments.
Comet (band)
Comet is an American indie rock band that was formed in 1993 in the Dallas, Texas suburb of Mesquite. Described as an enigmatic noise pop outfit brought together by a common love of the Beatles, the original lineup of singer/guitarist Jim Stone, his bassist-brother Neil Stone, guitarist Daniel Huffman, and percussionist Josh Garza entered the studio later that year to cut their debut single "Portrait," produced by Mercury Rev alum David Baker. A deal with the Arista subsidiary Dedicated label followed, they became label mates with Spiritualized, Beth Orton and the Cranes and with Baker again at the helm, Comet recorded their LP bow Chandelier Musings, issued in late 1996. The band toured throughout much of 1995 and 1996 and into early 1997 when fallout from a tour-van accident led to the eventual break up of the original line-up.

Spiritualized
Spiritualized (stylised as Spiritualized®) are an English rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire, by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. The band had fluid personnel in its early years but by 1999 became centred on Pierce (vocals, guitar), Doggen Foster (guitar) and Kevin Bales (drums and percussion), with revolving bassists and keyboardists. Bassist James Stelfox has been playing with the band since 2012.

As of 2023, Spiritualized have released nine studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space, which NME magazine named as their Album of the Year.
Botanical Society of China
The Botanical Society of China (Chinese: 中国植物学会; pinyin: Zhōngguó zhíwù xuéhuì) is a non-profit academic organization that promotes the development of botany in China. Located in Beijing, It was founded in 1933 and is the oldest and largest botanical society in China. The society has over 4,000 members, including botanists from all over the country.

The Botanical Society is a member of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy and the International Union of Biological Sciences.

International Association for Plant Taxonomy
The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is an organization established to promote an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitate international communication of research between botanists, and oversee matters of uniformity and stability in plant names. 
The IAPT was founded on July 18, 1950, at the Seventh International Botanical Congress in Stockholm, Sweden. 
The IAPT headquarters is located in Bratislava, Slovakia. 
Its president, since 2023, is Lúcia G. Lohmann of the Universidade de São Paulo; vice-president is Fabián Michelangeli of the New York Botanical Garden; and secretary-general is Mauricio Bonifacino of the Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Both the taxonomic journal Taxon and the series Regnum Vegetabile are published by the IAPT. The latter series includes the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, Index Nominum Genericorum, and Index Herbariorum.
Shikha, Nepal
Shikha is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5862 people living in 1350 individual households.

The VDC includes the village of Ghorepani, a popular stop for trekkers on the Annapurna Circuit trek, and the Pun Hill (Poon Hill) viewpoint.

Poon Hill
Poon Hill (पून हिल) is a hill station overlooking the Annapurna Massif range and Dhaulagiri mountain range, located on border of Myagdi District and Kaski District in Gandaki Province of Nepal. This lookout is the key viewpoint in the Ghorepani Poon Hill trek. Mountains such as an Annapurna 8,091m, Dhaulagiri 8,127, Annapurna South 7,219 Meter, Machhapuchhare 6,993 Meter, Himchuli, Annapurna III, Dhampus peak, Dhulagiri II, and many other tall peaks can be seen from here.

Poon Hill is located 270 km west from Kathmandu (The capital of Nepal). The hike to Poon Hill from Pokhara takes 2–3 days. The Poon Hill viewpoint is on the way to Annapurna Sanctuary which lies in the centre of Annapurna Conservation Area. Trekkers need to obtain an ACCAP Permit from Kathmandu or Pokhara in order to complete this hike.
Pink Floyd: Their Mortal Remains
Pink Floyd: Their Mortal Remains is a touring exhibition of the history of the English rock band Pink Floyd, which opened on 13 May  2017 (with a museum members' preview on 12 May) at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, England, and was originally scheduled to run until 1 October. After high visitor numbers, the exhibition's run was extended by two weeks, to 15 October 2017. It followed the V&As successful David Bowie Is exhibition.

Private view
A private view is a special viewing of an exhibition by invitation only, often an art exhibition and normally a preview at the start of a public exhibition. In the United Kingdom, a private view is generally open to all visitors. Typically wine and light refreshments are served in the form of a reception. If the works on show are by a living artist, it is normal for them to attend the private view. Artworks on view are typically for sale.

This type of exhibition set in a private setting is commonly referred to as the vernissage.
Hestøy Bridge
The Hestøy Bridge (Norwegian: Hestøybrua) is a cantilever bridge in the northeastern part of Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The bridge is 256 metres (840 ft) long and has a main span of 100 metres (330 ft).  The bridge, together with Smines Bridge form a link across the Fjærangen fjord to the village of Lund.

Namsos Municipality
Namsosⓘ (Norwegian) or Nåavmesjenjaelmie (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Namsos. Some of the villages in the municipality include Bangsund, Klinga, Ramsvika, Skomsvoll, Spillum, Sævik, Dun, Salsnes, Nufsfjord, Lund, Namdalseid, Sjøåsen, Statland, Tøttdalen, and Sverkmoen.

The 2,132-square-kilometre (823 sq mi) municipality is the 30th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Namsos Municipality is the 82nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 15,083. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The town of Namsos has a swimming pool, Oasen, built inside a mountain.
Amanda Ilestedt
Amanda Ilestedt (Swedish: [aˈmânːda ˈîːlɛˌstɛt]; born 17 January 1993) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Frauen-Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the Sweden national team.

Women's League Cup
The Women's League Cup, also known as the Subway Women's League Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a league cup competition in English women's association football. The competition was originally open to the eight teams in the FA WSL, but since the WSL's restructuring to two divisions, it has featured 23 teams. Prior to this it was known as the FA WSL Cup. Following the completed takeover by Women's Professional Leagues Limited (WPLL), the cup is now referred to as the Women's League Cup.

Fourteen editions have been played, with Arsenal being the most successful club with seven titles.

Following a successful use of the VAR (Video Assistant Referee) and Goal line technology in the 2023 Womens FA Cup final, they were used for the first time in the competions history in the 2024 final and both have been used in the finals since.
Nucella canaliculata
Nucella canaliculata, commonly known as the channeled dog winkle or the channeled purple, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. The shell grows to a maximum length of about 4 cm (1.6 in). This species is distributed in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from the Aleutian Islands to California.

Muricidae
Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With over 1,700 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognized. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, although experts disagree about the subfamily divisions and the definitions of the genera.
Many muricids have unusual shells which are considered attractive by shell collectors and by interior designers.
Dukat, Albania
Dukat is a community in Vlorë County, southern Albania. With the 2015 local government reform, it became part of the municipality Vlorë. The Dukat Plain covers an area of around 1,000–1,500 ha delimited by the Ceraunian Mountains and opened in the north towards the Bay of Vlorë on the Adriatic. Dukat traditionally belongs to the Albanian ethnographic region of Labëria.

Labëria
Laberia (Albanian: Labëria) is a historic region that is roughly situated in southwestern Albania. Its inhabitants are known as Labs (referred to as Albanian: Lab, pl. Lebër, also dial. sing. Lap) and its boundaries reach from Vlorë to Himara in the south, to the Greek border near Sarandë, incorporating the Kurvelesh region of Gjirokastër District and extending east to the city of Tepelenë.
Battle of Zabłocie
The Battle of Zabłocie (Polish: Bitwa pod Zabłocami, Ukrainian: Бій під Заблоцями; 14 February 1944) was fought between the 348th Platoon “Kirgiz” and Battalion “Ryś” of the Peasant Battalions and Platoon “Hardy” of the Home Army under the command of Stanisław Basaj and Mieczysław Olszak against the Third Reich, Ukrainian Auxiliary Police, 14th Grenadier Division of the Waffen–SS “Galizien”, and the German Gendarmerie in the Hrubieszów County of the Lublin Voivodeship.

Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Lubelskie) was a unit of administrative division of the Second Polish Republic between the two world wars, in the years 1919–1939. The province's capital and biggest city was Lublin.
Chulpo-ri
Chulpo-ri is a village in Daehoji County, Dangjin City, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. It was originally under the jurisdiction of the neighbouring Haemi County, Seosan City, but was reassigned to Daehoji County in 1957.

Dangjin
Dangjin (Korean: 당진시; Korean pronunciation: [taŋ.dʑin]) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It stands on the south shore of the Bay of Asan. Dangjin borders Incheon, Pyeongtaek, and Hwaseong by sea, and Seosan, Yesan, and Asan by land. Its name means "Tang ferry," and refers to the historic role of Dangjin's harbor in connecting Korea to the other side of the Yellow Sea. This role continues to be important in the city's economy, which relies on a mixture of agriculture and heavy industry. The city has the same Hanja name (唐津市) as Karatsu in Saga Prefecture, Japan.
1972 SCCA L&M Continental 5000 Championship
The 1972 SCCA L&M Continental 5000 Championship was the Sports Car Club of America's sixth annual professional open-wheel auto racing series. It was open to Formula 5000 cars, these being Formula SCCA Class A open-wheel, single-seat cars with 5000cc restricted design engines or 3000cc unrestricted design engines. The championship was won by New Zealand driver Graham McRae.

Formula 5000
Formula 5000 (or F5000) was an open wheel, single seater auto-racing formula that ran in different series in various regions around the world from 1968 to 1982. It was originally intended as a low-cost series aimed at open-wheel racing cars that no longer fit into any particular formula. The '5000' denomination comes from the maximum 5.0 litre engine capacity allowed in the cars, although many cars ran with smaller engines. Manufacturers included McLaren, Eagle, March, Lola, Lotus, Elfin, Matich and Chevron.

In its declining years in North America Formula 5000 was re-booted as the Can-Am series with cars being modified into closed wheel, but still single-seat sports car category.
Shawnee, Louisville
Shawnee is a neighborhood in western Louisville, Kentucky. Its boundaries are the Ohio River on the West, Bank Street and the Portland neighborhood on the North, I-264 on the East, and West Broadway on the South. Maps sometimes identify the area as Shawneeland.

Portland, Louisville
Portland is a historic district, neighborhood and former independent town northwest of downtown Louisville, Kentucky. It is situated along a bend of the Ohio River just below the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area, where the river curves to the north and then to the south, thus placing Portland at the northern tip of urban Louisville. In its early days it was the largest of the six major settlements at the falls, the others being Shippingport and Louisville in Kentucky and New Albany, Clarksville, and Jeffersonville on the Indiana side. Its modern boundaries are the Ohio River along the northwest, north, and northeast, 10th Street at the far east, Market Street on the south, and the Shawnee Golf Course at the far west.
Chicken Cock Whiskey
Chicken Cock Whiskey is a historic brand of bourbon having origins rooted in Bourbon County farm distilling.

James A. Miller began distilling as early as the 1830s. The brand was established soon after the Bourbon Distillery was built in 1856. Known throughout the late 19th century as James A. Miller's Chicken Cock, the brand would grow a solid reputation nationally and advertised itself as "The Famous Old Brand". Chicken Cock survived imitators, the Whiskey Trust, and Prohibition, only to fade from the market after World War II.

The brand was rediscovered in 2011 by spirits entrepreneur Matti Anttila, and reintroduced in 2014 by Grain and Barrel Spirits, which produces a variety of bourbons, ryes, and limited releases distilled at Bardstown Bourbon Company in Bardstown, Kentucky.

Bourbon County, Kentucky
Bourbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,252. Its county seat is Paris. Bourbon County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of Kentucky's nine original counties, and is best known for its historical association with bourbon whiskey.
David Chalmers
David John Chalmers (/ˈtʃɑːmərz/; born 20 April 1966) is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist, specializing in philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. He is a professor of philosophy and neural science at New York University (NYU), as well as co-director of NYU's Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness (along with Ned Block). In 2006, he was elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. In 2013, he was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Chalmers is best known for formulating the hard problem of consciousness, and for popularizing the philosophical zombie thought experiment.

Chalmers and David Bourget co-founded PhilPapers; a database of journal articles for philosophers.

Ned Block
Ned Joel Block (born 1942) is an American philosopher working in philosophy of mind who has made important contributions to the understanding of consciousness and the philosophy of cognitive science. He has been professor of philosophy and psychology at New York University since 1996, and a Silver Professor since 2005.
2023 Laois Senior Hurling Championship
The 2023 Laois Senior Hurling Championship was the 130th staging of the Laois Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Laois County Board in 1888. The draw for the group stage placings took place in March 2023. The championship ran from 19 July to 8 October 2023.

Clough–Ballacolla entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Camross at the semi-final stage. Borris-in-Ossory/Kilcotton, who had contested three of the previous four finals, were relegated after being beaten by The Harps in a relegation playoff.

The final was played on 8 October 2023 at Laois Hire O'Moore Park in Port Laoise, between Camross and Abbeyleix St Lazarian's, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in 78 years. Camross won the match by 4–18 to 0–14 to claim their 27th championship title overall and a first title in five years.

Clough–Ballacolla's Stephen Maher was the championship's top scorer with 4-51.

Laois Senior Hurling Championship
The Laois Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Laois GAA clubs. The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1888.

Clough–Ballacolla are the title holders, defeating Camross by 2-21 to 2-15 in the 2025 final.
K-58 (Kansas highway)
K-58 is a 46.761-mile-long (75.255 km) east–west–west state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas. K-58's western terminus is at K-99 west of Madison. It runs east through Lamont and Gridley and after a short concurrency with US-75, it goes through LeRoy before ending at the eastern terminus at U.S. Route 169 (US-169) near Colony. It is one of the newer state highways in Kansas formed on September 20, 2004, when K-57 was truncated at K-4 in Dwight. The route changes were made because of K-57's long concurrencies with K-4, K-177, US-50 and K-99.

K-177 (Kansas highway)
K-177 is a 102.871-mile-long (165.555 km) south–north state highway in central Kansas. It runs from U.S. Route 54 (US-54) near El Dorado northward to US-24 in Manhattan, passing through the Flint Hills. It is part of the Flint Hills Scenic Byway and the Prairie Parkway.
Codex Sangallensis 484
The Codex Sangallensis 484 (Signature Cod. Sang. 484) is an early medieval music manuscript, produced in the abbey of St. Gallen and stored in the Abbey Library in St. Gallen. The manuscript is known for its exhaustive collection of so-called tropes, meaning melodic or textual extensions to previously existing liturgic chants. As this particular manuscript is among the most extensive collections of such tropes from the eastern Frankish kingdom, it plays an important role in the history of music.

Neume
A neume (/njuːm/; sometimes spelled neum) is the basic element of Western and some Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.

The earliest neumes were inflective marks that indicated the general shape but not necessarily the exact notes or rhythms to be sung. Later developments included the use of heightened neumes that showed the relative pitches between neumes, and the creation of a four-line musical staff that identified particular pitches. Neumes do not generally indicate rhythm, but additional symbols were sometimes juxtaposed with neumes to indicate changes in articulation, duration, or tempo. Neumatic notation was later used in medieval music to indicate certain patterns of rhythm called rhythmic modes, and eventually evolved into modern musical notation. Neumatic notation remains standard in modern editions of plainchant.
PassAlong Networks
PassAlong Networks, also known as Tennessee Pacific Group, LLC, was a developer of digital media innovations and services located in Franklin, Tennessee. The company had a digital music library of three million licensed songs, two million of which were raw MP3 music files, and provided a series of products and services in the digital media marketplace.

The company had digital music catalog agreements with the four major record labels: Warner Music Group, Universal Music Group, EMI, and Sony/BMG. PassAlong’s catalog was composed of non-DRM, MP3 music files. The other major catalogs were DRM-protected files based on Microsoft WMA technology.  The Independent MP3 catalog included songs from The Orchard, Nettwerk Music, IODA, CD Baby, Naxos Records, and many others.

FYE
2428392, Inc., doing business as FYE (an initialism of For Your Entertainment), is an American chain of entertainment retail stores headquartered in Albany, New York. Formerly owned by Trans World Entertainment, it began in 1993 and was expanded in 2001, 2006, and again in 2009 after buying out and rebranding mall-based stores Camelot, Sam Goody, Spec's Music, Strawberries, Record Town, Coconuts Music & Movies, DiscJockey, Saturday Matinee, The Wall, Suncoast Motion Picture Company, Musicland, Media Play, and HMV stores. As of 2023, FYE is a unit of 2428392, Inc. and retained its headquarters.