hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calcium fumarate
Calcium fumarate is a compound with formula Ca(C2H2(COO)2) or (OOC-CH=CH-COO)Ca. It is a calcium salt of fumaric acid, and has been used to enrich foods to boost calcium absorption.

It has E number "E367".

Fumaric acid
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature.  It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. The salts and esters are known as fumarates.  Fumarate can also refer to the C4H2O2−4 ion (in solution). Fumaric acid is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, while maleic acid is the cis isomer.
2025 Manama Challenger
The 2025 Manama Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Manama, Bahrain between 24 and 30 November 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Lima Convention Center
The Lima Convention Center (Spanish: Lima Centro de Convenciones; LCC), also known as the 27 January Convention Center (Spanish: Centro de Convenciones 27 de Enero) is a convention centre in San Borja, Lima, Peru. It is located in the cultural center of the city of Lima, around the Museo de la Nación and the National Library of Peru, in an area of 10,884 m2. It was inaugurated on October 1, 2015.

The complex has the capacity to accommodate around 10,000 people, has 18 rooms and four levels of basements and 4 floors of an auditorium.

The building hosted the 2016 APEC summit and the 8th Summit of the Americas in 2018, among others.

San Borja District
San Borja is a district of the Lima Province in Peru, and one of the upscale districts that comprise the city of Lima.
Originally part of the district of Surquillo and San Isidro, it became officially established as a separate district on June 1, 1983.
2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's scratch
The Men's scratch at the 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 27 February 2014. 20 cyclists participated in the contest, which was contested over 60 laps, equating to a distance of 15 km (9.3 mi).

2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was the World Championships for track cycling in 2014. They took place in Cali, Colombia from 26 February to 2 March 2014 in the Velódromo Alcides Nieto Patiño.
YB SK Beveren
YB SK Beveren is a Belgian association football team that plays in the Belgian Provincial Leagues. The club was established by supporters of former Belgian champion K.S.K. Beveren, after the unofficial merger of their team with Red Star Waasland in May 2010. It is the first and currently the only Belgian team that is completely fan-owned and applies the principles of Supporters Direct.

Lokeren
Lokeren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈloːkərə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders, and belongs to the Waasland, also called Land van Waas, of which it is the second most important city after Sint-Niklaas. The city, located on the river Durme, the Lede, and the E17 motorway, has more than 42,100 inhabitants who are called Lokeraars or Rapenfretters. Because Lokeren is located on the Durme, Lokeren is often called "The Durme City". Horse sausages are officially recognized as a regional product.
Washington Monument (Philadelphia)
The Washington Monument in Philadelphia is a large-scale bronze and granite sculpture created by German sculptor Rudolf Siemering in 1897. It features an equestrian statue of George Washington atop a pedestal with allegorical and historical figures. Originally located at the Green Street entrance to Fairmount Park, it was relocated in 1926 to the Eakins Oval in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The memorial was commissioned by the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania and given to the city of Philadelphia.

Philadelphia Register of Historic Places
The Philadelphia Register of Historic Places (PRHP) is a register of historic places in Philadelphia by the Philadelphia Historical Commission. Buildings, structures, sites, objects, interiors and districts can be added to the list.
Johanngeorgenstadt
Johanngeorgenstadt (German pronunciation: [ˌjoːhan.ɡeˈɔʁgŋ.ʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'John George Town') is a mining town in Saxony’s Ore Mountains, 17 km south of Aue, and 27 km northwest of Karlovy Vary. It lies in the district of Erzgebirgskreis, on the border with the Czech Republic, is a state-recognized health resort (Erholungsort), and calls itself Stadt des Schwibbogens (“Schwibbogen Town”). Its population decline since the 1950s has been extremely severe, falling from 45,000 residents in 1953 to only about one twelfth of that now.

Erzgebirgskreis
Erzgebirgskreis is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the Ore Mountains (German: Erzgebirge), a mountain range in the southern part of the district which forms part of the Germany–Czech Republic border. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Vogtlandkreis and Zwickau, the urban district Chemnitz, the district Mittelsachsen and the Czech Republic.
Tigernán Ua Ruairc
Tighearnán Mór Ua Ruairc (older spelling: Tigernán Mór Ua Ruairc), anglicised as Tiernan O'Rourke (fl. 1124–1172) ruled the kingdom of Breifne as the 19th king in its Ua Ruairc (later O'Rourke) dynasty (964–1605 CE), a branch of the Uí Briúin.  As one of the provincial kings in Ireland in the twelfth century, he constantly expanded his kingdom through shifting alliances, of which the most long-standing was with Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair King of Connacht and High King of Ireland, and subsequently his son and successor Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair. He is known for his role in the expulsion of Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster, from Ireland in 1166. Mac Murchada's subsequent recruitment of Marcher Lords to assist him in the recovery of his Kingdom of Leinster ultimately led to the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.

Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare (c. 1130 – 20 April 1176), the second Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, Strongbow (Anglo-Norman: Arc-Fort).

After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter Isabel de Clare and to her husband, William Marshal.
Anchorage Island (Antarctica)
Anchorage Island is an island lying 1.3 kilometres (0.7 nmi) south-east of Lagoon Island in the Léonie Islands, off the southeast coast of Adelaide Island. Discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition (FrAE), 1908–10. Named by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, who visited the island in February 1936.

Léonie Islands
The Léonie Islands are a group of small islands lying in the entrance to Ryder Bay along the southeast side of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. The French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, discovered these islands and gave the name Léonie Island to the largest island in the group. The British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, extended the coverage of the name to the entire group.
Grong Church
Grong Church (Norwegian: Grong kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Medjå, on the north side of the river Namsen. It is the church for the Grong parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1876 using plans drawn up by the architects Håkon Mosling and Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 260 people.

Namsen
Namsen (Norwegian) or Nååmesje (Southern Sami) is one of the longest rivers in Trøndelag county, in the central part of Norway.  The 228-kilometre (142 mi) long river flows through the municipalities of Røyrvik, Namsskogan, Grong, Overhalla, and Namsos before emptying into the Namsenfjorden. The river is the namesake for the whole Namdalen region. The river traditionally has been used for floating timber down from the forests to the town of Namsos, where the sawmills were located. Today, parts of the Namsen are regulated by several dams.
June Appleby
June Elizabeth Appleby (born 2 June 1941) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seats of Brighton from 1982 to 1985 and Hayward from 1985 to 1989 for the Labor Party. She was the Bannon government whip from 1985 to 1989.

John Bannon
John Charles Bannon AO (7 May 1943 – 13 December 2015) was an Australian politician and academic. He was the 39th Premier of South Australia, leading the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party from a single term in opposition back to government at the 1982 election.

At the 1985 election Bannon's government was re-elected with an increased majority, but it was reduced to minority government status at the 1989 election. In 1992 Bannon became Labor's longest-serving and South Australia's second longest-serving Premier. As a result of the State Bank collapse, he resigned as Premier in 1992, and from parliament at the  1993 election landslide. He was also an academic and the Head of St Mark's College.
2022 Dutch Athletics Championships
The 2022 Dutch Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for the Netherlands. It was held 24–26 June 2022 at the Sportpark Orderbos in Apeldoorn. It was organised by local organisation AV'34 and the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation. The competition was held before the public again, following closed events in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 10,000 metres races were held separately at the Golden Spike Leiden meet on 11 June.

Shot putter Jessica Schilder won the women's shot put with a Dutch national record mark of 19.68 m.

Dutch Athletics Championships
The Dutch Athletics Championships (Dutch: Nederlandse kampioenschappen atletiek) is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation, which serves as the national championship for the sport in the Netherlands. It is typically held as a two- or three-day event in the Dutch summer, ranging from late June to early August. The venue of the championships varies, though Amsterdam's Olympic Stadium has been a regular host.

Established in 1910 as a men-only competition, the programme expanded to include women's events in 1921.
Ben Doherty
Ben Doherty (born 24 March 1997) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a left back for League of Ireland Premier Division club Derry City. He previously played for NIFL Premiership clubs Institute, Glenavon, Coleraine and Larne.

2023 President of Ireland's Cup
The 2023 President's Cup was  the ninth edition of the President's Cup contested for. The match was played on 10 February between the champions of the 2022 League of Ireland Premier Division and the 2022 FAI Cup winners, Shamrock Rovers and Derry City.
Microearthquake
A microearthquake (or microquake) is a very low-intensity earthquake that is 2.0 or less in magnitude. They are very rarely felt beyond 8 km (5 mi) from their epicenter. In addition to having natural tectonic causes, they may also be seen as a result of underground nuclear testing or even large detonations of conventional explosives for producing excavations. They normally cause no damage to life or property, and are very rarely felt by people.

Microquakes occur often near volcanoes as they approach an eruption, and frequently in certain regions exploited for geothermal energy , such as near Geyserville in Northern California. These occur so continuously that the current USGS event map for that location usually shows a substantial number of small earthquakes at that location.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Battle of Majuba Hill
The Battle of Majuba Hill on 27 February 1881 was the final and decisive battle of the First Boer War that was a resounding victory for the Boers. The British Major General Sir George Pomeroy Colley occupied the summit of the hill on the night of 26–27 February 1881. Colley's motive for occupying Majuba Hill, near Volksrust, now in South Africa, may have been anxiety that the Boers would soon occupy it themselves, since he had witnessed their trenches being dug in the direction of the hill.

The Boers believed that he might have been attempting to outflank their positions at Laing's Nek. The hill was not considered to be scalable by the Boers for military purposes and so it may have been Colley's attempt to emphasise British power and strike fear into the Boer camp.

The battle is considered by some to have been one of the "most humiliating" defeats suffered by the British in their military history.

King's Royal Rifle Corps
The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United States as 'The French and Indian War.' Subsequently numbered the 60th Regiment of Foot, the regiment served for more than 200 years throughout the British Empire. In 1958, the regiment joined the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and the Rifle Brigade in the Green Jackets Brigade and in 1966 the three regiments were formally amalgamated to become the Royal Green Jackets. The KRRC became the 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. On the disbandment of the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992, the RGJ's KRRC battalion was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets, eventually becoming 2nd Battalion, The Rifles in 2007.
Landreth Glacier
Landreth Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Ландрет, romanized: lednik Landret, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈɫandrɛt]) is the steep 2.3 km long and 600 m wide glacier on the southeast side of Imeon Range, Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, which is draining southeastwards from Mount Foster between the side ridges separating it from Rupite Glacier to the north and Dragoman Glacier to the south, and flowing into Ivan Asen Cove on Bransfield Strait.

The glacier is named after the New Zealander Greg Landreth whose team made the first ascent of the island's summit Mount Foster (2105 m) on 29 January 1996.

Ivan Asen Cove
Ivan Asen Cove (Bulgarian: залив Иван Асен, ‘Zaliv Ivan Asen’ \'za-liv i-'van a-'sen\) is the 1.16 km wide cove on Osmar Strait indenting for 800 m the southeast coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and entered northeast of Ivan Asen Point.  Its head is fed by Dragoman Glacier.

The feature takes its name from the adjacent Ivan Asen Point.
Canby's Cross
Canby's Cross is located in Lava Beds National Monument, about 3 miles south of Tule Lake, and 5 miles south-southwest of the town of Tulelake, California. It was erected to commemorate General Canby's death at a peace gathering.  General Canby was shot in the face by Captain Jack of the Modoc tribe, who was later hanged for the killing. The cross is registered as a California Historical Landmark.

The cross reads: Gen Canby USA was murdered here by the Modocs April 11, 1873.

The elevation of Canby's Cross is 4058 ft (1237 m).

Lava Beds National Monument
Lava Beds National Monument is located in northeastern California, in Siskiyou and Modoc counties. The monument lies on the northeastern flank of Medicine Lake Volcano, which is the largest volcano by area in the Cascade Range.

The region in and around Lava Beds National Monument lies at the junction of the Sierra-Klamath, Cascade, and Great Basin physiographic provinces. The monument was established as a national monument on November 21, 1925, and includes more than 46,000 acres (190 km2).

Lava Beds National Monument has numerous lava tubes, with 27 having marked entrances and developed trails for public access and exploration. The monument also offers trails through the high Great Basin xeric shrubland desert landscape and the volcanic field. In 1872 and 1873, the area was the site of the Modoc War, involving a band led by Kintpuash (also known as Captain Jack). The area of Captain Jack's Stronghold was named in his honor.
1944 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1944 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 27. There was no corresponding women's championships in 1944.

At the championships, Gil Dodds broke the 3⁄4-mile (1320 yards) world record, splitting 3:01 en route to his 4:08.3 mile victory.

USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Indoor Track and Field Championships is an annual indoor track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. In years which feature a World Indoor Championships in Athletics, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Bill Cahill (hurler)
William Cahill (1 May 1923 – 18 August 2001) was an Irish hurler. At club level, he played with and trained Graigue and SLieverue, and at inter-county level was a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team.

Leinster Junior Hurling Championship
The Leinster Junior Hurling Championship is a junior "knockout" competition in the game of Hurling played in the province of Leinster in Ireland. The series of games are organized by the Leinster Council.

The winners of the Leinster Junior Hurling Championship each year progress to play the other provincial champions for a chance to win the All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship.

Generally, the strong hurling counties have fielded their second team in this competition. In recent years though, they have participated in the Leinster Intermediate Hurling Championship instead. Since 2005, the competition has been suspended, with the counties participating in the Christy Ring Cup or Nicky Rackard Cup instead.
Vasile Cabinet
The Vasile Cabinet was the 113th cabinet of Romania, which was formed 17 April 1998 and dissolved 22 December 1999, with Radu Vasile as head of government. It was a coalition cabinet formed between the winner of the elections, CDR (Convenția Democrată Română, the Romanian Democratic Convention, which included PNȚ-CD, PNL, PER), USD (Uniunea Social Democrată, the Social Democratic Union, which included PD and PSDR), and UDMR.

Government of Romania
The Government of Romania (Romanian: Guvernul României) forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania). It is headed by the Prime Minister of Romania, and consists of the ministries, various subordinate institutions and agencies, and the 42 prefectures. The seat of the Romanian Government is at Victoria Palace in Bucharest.

The Government is the public authority of executive power that functions on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by Parliament, ensuring the achievement of the country's domestic and foreign policy and that exercises the general leadership of public administration. The Government is appointed by the President of Romania on the basis of the vote of confidence granted to the Government by the Parliament of Romania.
Liberty L-4
The Liberty L-4B was an experimental water-cooled inline four-cylinder aircraft engine developed in the United States during World War I.  The 102 hp (76 kW) engine was designed and manufactured by the Hudson Motor Car Company and was mainly intended for use in training airplanes. Only two examples of the L-4B were produced, since other types of engines were available and in production. While the engine was ground-tested, it is unknown if the L-4 was ever test-flown. The L-4 was created as part of a US aircraft engine development effort which also created the six-cylinder Liberty L-6, eight-cylinder Liberty L-8 and twelve-cylinder Liberty L-12.

Liberty L-12
The Liberty L-12 is an American water-cooled 45° V-12 engine, displacing 1,649 cubic inches (27 L) and making 400 hp (300 kW), designed for a high power-to-weight ratio and ease of mass production. It was designed principally as an aircraft engine and saw wide use in aero applications. It also saw marine use (both in racing and in runabout boats) once it was marinized; it was used in various military tanks; and in some race cars.

A single bank 6-cylinder version, the Liberty L-6, and V-8, the Liberty L-8, were derived from the Liberty L-12. It was succeeded by the Packard 1A-2500.
Digital telephone electrical interference
Electrical noise can disrupt DSL internet connections. The interference can be detected as electrical impulses on the physical telephone line on which the internet connection operates.
The noise causes interference which in turn causes a DSL modem to mount up CRC errors. This eventually causes DSL synchronisation to drop.

Electromagnetic interference
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also called radio-frequency interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. The disturbance may degrade the performance of the circuit or even stop it from functioning. In the case of a data path, these effects can range from an increase in error rate to a total loss of the data.

Both human-made and natural sources generate changing electrical currents and voltages that can cause EMI: ignition systems, cellular network of mobile phones, lightning, solar flares, and auroras (northern/southern lights). EMI frequently affects AM radios. It can also affect mobile phones, FM radios, and televisions, as well as observations for radio astronomy and atmospheric science.

EMI can be used intentionally for radio jamming, as in electronic warfare.
Alkekongen
Alkekongen is an islet in Brækmoholmane, part of Thousand Islands, an island group south of Edgeøya, Norway. Its name is derived from the fact that thousands of little auks breed among the boulders of the island.

Edgeøya
Edgeøya (Norwegian: [ˈɛdʒˌœ͡ʏɑ]), anglicised as Edge Island, is a Norwegian island located in southeast of the Svalbard archipelago; with an area of 5,073 square kilometres (1,960 sq mi), it is the third-largest island in this archipelago.  An Arctic island, it forms part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, home to polar bears and reindeer. An ice field covers its eastern side. The island takes its name from Thomas Edge (died  1624), an English merchant and whaler. It is seldom visited today and development of tourist facilities is forbidden by law because of its nature reserve status.