hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philodendron edmundoi
Philodendron edmundoi  is an endangered species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to southeastern Brazil. A member of the section Baursia, it is most closely related to Philodendron longilaminatum, Philodendron crassinervium, and Philodendron glaziovii. It is a hemi-epiphyte, but can commonly be found growing on rocks and slopes up to 1,400 meters (4,600 ft) above sea level.

Philodendron
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2025, the Plants of the World Online accepted 625 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.
Pleurotus albidus
Pleurotus albidus is a species of edible fungus in the family Pleurotaceae. Found in Caribbean, Central America and South America, it was described as new to science by Miles Joseph Berkeley, and given its current name by David Norman Pegler in 1983. It grows on trees such as Salix humboldtiana, other willows, Populus and Araucaria angustifolia, and can be cultivated by humans. Phylogenetic research has shown that while it belongs to P. ostreatus clade, it forms its own intersterility group.

Pleurotaceae
The Pleurotaceae are a family of small to medium-sized mushrooms which have white spores.  The family contains 13 genera over 412 species. Members of Pleurotaceae can be mistaken for members of Marasmiaceae. Perhaps the best known member is the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus.

Many species in the genera Pleurotus and Hohenbuehelia are nematophagous, that is, they derive nutrition by consuming nematodes. This is made possible by hyphae that may have adhesive knobs that attach to passing nematodes and secrete nematotoxic compounds.
2017 Internazionali di Tennis d'Abruzzo
The 2017 Internazionali di Tennis d'Abruzzo will be a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It will be the first edition of the tournament which will be part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It will take place in Francavilla al Mare, Italy between 24 and 30 April 2017.

Francavilla al Mare Open
The Abruzzo Open Francavilla al Mare, previously Francavilla al Mare Open (Italian: Internazionali di Tennis Francavilla al Mare), is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Francavilla al Mare, Italy since 2017.

Igor Zelenay is the doubles record holder with two titles.
Nipa palm vinegar
Nipa palm vinegar, also known as sukang sasâ or sukang nipa, is a traditional Filipino vinegar made from the sap of the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans). It is one of the four main types of vinegars in the Philippines along with coconut vinegar, cane vinegar, and kaong palm vinegar. It is usually sold under the generic label of "palm vinegar".

Nipa palm vinegar is listed in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of endangered heritage foods by the Slow Food movement. Along with other traditional vinegars in the Philippines, it is threatened by the increasing use of industrially-produced vinegars.

Paombong
Paombong ([pɐʔomˈbɔŋ] or [ˈpoːmbɔŋ]), officially the Municipality of Paombong (Tagalog: Bayan ng Paombong),    is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 58,453 people.
Japanese cruiser Kumano
Kumano (Japanese: 熊野; named after Kumano River) was one of four Mogami class of heavy cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy, serving in World War II. The Mogami-class ships were constructed as "light cruisers" (per the Washington Naval Treaty) with five triple 6.1-inch dual purpose guns. They were exceptionally large for light cruisers, and the barbettes for the main battery were designed for quick refitting with twin 8-inch guns. In 1937 all four ships were "converted" to heavy cruisers in this fashion. Kumano served in numerous combat engagements in the Pacific War, until she was eventually sunk by carrier aircraft from Task Force 38 while she was undergoing repairs at Santa Cruz, Zambales, Philippines, in November 1944.

Mogami-class cruiser
The Mogami class (最上型) was a ship class of four cruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1930s. They were initially classified as light cruisers under the weight and armament restrictions of the London Naval Treaty. After Japan abrogated that agreement, all four ships were rearmed with larger guns and reclassified as heavy cruisers. All participated in World War II and were sunk.
Graham Callanan
Graham Callanan (born 8 February 1982) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Senior Championship club Glen Rovers. He usually plays as a left wing-back but can also be deployed at midfield. Callanan is a former member of the Cork senior hurling team.

2000 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2000 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 22 April 2000 and ended on 10 September 2000.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 10 September 2000, Galway won the championship following a 2-19 to 4-10 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title overall and their second title in-a-row.

Offaly's Brian Carroll was the championship's top scorer with 2-39.
Darkness on the Edge of Town (Once Upon a Time)
"Darkness on the Edge of Town" is the twelfth episode and spring premiere of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on March 1, 2015.

In this episode, Hook and Belle attempt to find a solution to liberate the fairies from the Sorcerer's hat. Emma, Henry, and Regina continue their investigation to track down the author of the storybooks, while a strange darkness called Chernabog threatens Storybrooke. In New York, Mr. Gold acquires a new ally named Cruella De Vil with the help of Ursula. Flashbacks show how Ursula, Maleficent, and Cruella met.

Once Upon a Time season 4
The fourth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama series Once Upon a Time was announced on May 8, 2014. Like the previous season, it was also split into two volumes, with the first airing from September 28 to December 14, 2014, and the second from March 2 to May 10, 2015. Ginnifer Goodwin, Jennifer Morrison, Lana Parrilla, Josh Dallas, Emilie de Ravin, Colin O'Donoghue, Jared S. Gilmore, and Robert Carlyle return as principal cast members from the previous season, and are joined by Michael Socha, reprising his role from the spin-off series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, in his only season as a regular.

Existing fictional characters introduced to the series during the season include the main antagonists for the two volumes, the Snow Queen and the Queens of Darkness (a triad of villains including returning character Maleficent, and new characters Cruella de Vil and Ursula), alongside Elsa, Anna, Kristoff, the Apprentice, Little Bo Peep and Poseidon.
Tutiyu Tunnel
Tutiyu Tunnel (土湯トンネル, Tutiyu tonneru)is a Japanese road tunnel that opened September 27, 1989 between Fukushima City, and Inawashiro, Fukushima Prefecture. It is a mountain passage shared by Japan National Route 115 and Japan National Route 459 (tsuchiyu bypass). This tunnel is 3.36 kilometers long and was the longest tunnel in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of its opening. The opening of Ō-tōge Tunnel (3.94km) in 1992 exceeded this record.

Inawashiro
Inawashiro (猪苗代町, Inawashiro-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the town had an estimated population of 13,810 in 5309 households, and a population density of 35 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 394.85 square kilometres (152.45 sq mi). It is noted as the birthplace of the famous doctor Hideyo Noguchi, who contributed to knowledge in the fight against syphilis and yellow fever.
Kaznów, Łódź Voivodeship
Kaznów [ˈkaznuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świnice Warckie, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Świnice Warckie, 21 km (13 mi) west of Łęczyca, and 51 km (32 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Świnice Warckie
Świnice Warckie [ɕfiˈnit͡sɛ ˈvart͡skʲɛ] is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Świnice Warckie. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of Łęczyca and 47 km (29 mi) northwest of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 920. This is the place of the baptism and first communion of Faustina Kowalska, a great mystic and the secretary of Divine Mercy. The parish church is an official sanctuary since 2002. Saint Faustina (born Helena Kowalska) was living until the age of 16 in nearby village of Głogowiec.
Browning Entrance
Browning Entrance is a strait in British Columbia,
located north Banks Island, 
and provides part one of the main maritime routes from Hecate Strait to Kitimat,
also used by tugs towing scows or timber rafts crossing from Haida Gwaii.

Strong storms can initiate broad oscillations that last for days, degrading current predictability compared to tides alone. This can create navigational concerns for smaller boats and towing operations.

Browning Entrance light, on the north islet of White Rocks, is shown at an elevation of 41 ft (12 m) from a skeleton tower.

Kitimat
Kitimat is a district municipality in the North Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. It is a member municipality of the Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine regional government. The Kitimat Valley is part of the most populous urban district in northwest British Columbia, which includes Terrace to the north along the Skeena River Valley. The city was planned and built by the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan) during the 1950s.  Its post office was approved on 6 June 1952.

Kitimat's municipal area is 242.63 km2 (93.68 sq mi). It is located on tidewater in one of the few wide, flat valleys on the coast of British Columbia. The 2021 census recorded 8,236 citizens.

The District of Kitimat Development Services situates the port of Kitimat as an integral part of the Northwest Corridor connecting North America to the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Rim.
WSAU-FM
WSAU-FM (99.9 MHz) is a radio station  broadcasting a conservative news/talk format, simulcasting WSAU in Wausau. Licensed to Rudolph, Wisconsin, United States, the station serves the Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids area.  The station is currently owned by Midwest Communications. WSAU derives a large amount of its programming from nationally syndicated conservative talk radio shows, and also broadcasts sports, such as from the Packers Radio Network.

Packers Radio Network
The Packers Radio Network is a broadcast radio network and the official radio broadcaster of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), fully under the team's control in regards to technical productions and on-air personnel. The network's flagship is iHeartMedia's WRIT-FM (95.7 FM) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and its coverage is also heard nationwide through NFL Game Pass, SiriusXM, and TuneIn.

The team's play-by-play announcer is Wayne Larrivee, with former Packer center Larry McCarren providing color commentary since 1995. Former Packers fullback John Kuhn serves as the network's sideline reporter.
Michael J. Ryan (Irish politician)
Michael J. Ryan (died 24 October 1952) was an Irish barrister, professor and an independent member of Seanad Éireann.

He was elected to the 5th Seanad at the 1944 election for the National University constituency. He lost his seat at the 1948 election.

5th Seanad
The 5th Seanad was in office from 1944 to 1948. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1944 general election to the 12th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 6th Seanad in 1948.
Aniara sepulcralis
Aniara sepulcralis (often misspelled as sepulchralis) is a species of beetle in the family Cicindelidae, the only species in the genus Aniara. This species is found in the Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Ecuador and Brazil.

Recent studies suggest that this species renders the genus Tetracha paraphyletic, and is likely to be included in that genus in the future.

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
Parqu Quta
Parqu Quta (Aymara parqu twisted, quta lake, "twisted lake", also spelled Parco Kkota) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approxilamtely 4,900 m (16,100 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, Palca Municipality. Parqu Quta lies at a small lake, west of Mururata.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Packet injection
Packet injection (also known as forging packets or spoofing packets) in computer networking, is the process of interfering with an established network connection by means of constructing packets to appear as if they are part of the normal communication stream. The packet injection process allows an unknown third party to disrupt or intercept packets from the consenting parties that are communicating, which can lead to degradation or blockage of users' ability to utilize certain network services or protocols. Packet injection is commonly used in man-in-the-middle attacks and denial-of-service attacks.

Network socket
A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture. Sockets are created only during the lifetime of a process of an application running in the node.

Because of the standardization of the TCP/IP protocols in the development of the Internet, the term network socket is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite, and is therefore often also referred to as Internet socket. In this context, a socket is externally identified to other hosts by its socket address, which is the triad of transport protocol, IP address, and port number.

The term socket is also used for the software endpoint of node-internal inter-process communication (IPC), which often uses the same API as a network socket.
Japanese submarine Ro-106
Ro-106 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ro-100-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in December 1942, she served in World War II, operating in the Solomon Islands campaign, New Guinea campaign, and central Pacific Ocean. She was sunk in May 1944 during her eleventh war patrol.

Ro-100-class submarine
The Ro-100-class submarine (呂百型潜水艦, Ro-hyaku-gata Sensuikan) was a group of medium-sized coastal submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. The IJN official designation for this class was Ko type submarine (小型潜水艦, Ko-gata Sensuikan, "Small type Submarine") or Senshō type submarine (潜小型潜水艦, Sen-Shō-gata sensuikan, "Submarine-Small Type"). They are also known as Type KS submarine. The type name was shortened to Sensuikan Ko-gata (潜水艦小型, Submarine-Small Type).
Muntić
Muntić (Italian: Monticchio; Monticchio Polesano; Latin Rumeianum) is a village in Southeastern Istria, Croatia. The etymological meaning is traced to the Latin, mòns, or monticulus, which means hill or little mountain.

Pula
Pula, also known as Pola, its Italian name, is the largest city in Istria County, western Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula in western Croatia, with a population of 52,220 in 2021. It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is the Pula Arena, one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters. The city has a long tradition of wine making, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. It was the administrative centre of Istria from ancient Roman times until superseded by Pazin in 1991.
Centropus colossus
Centropus colossus  is an extinct species of coucal from the Middle Pleistocene or Late Pleistocene of Australia. It was described from submerged subfossil material collected from Fossil Cave in the south-east of South Australia. It was larger than any of its living congeners and was one of the largest cuckoos in the world.

Coucal
A coucal is one of about 30 species of birds in the cuckoo family. All of them belong in the subfamily Centropodinae and the genus Centropus. Unlike many Old World cuckoos, coucals are not brood parasites, though they do have their own reproductive peculiarity: all members of the genus are (to varying degrees) sex-role reversed, so that the smaller male provides most of the parental care. Male pheasant coucals  (Centropus phasianinus) invest in building the nest, incubate for the most part and take a major role in feeding the young. At least one coucal species, the black coucal, is polyandrous.
Air Force Missile Development Center
The Air Force Missile Development Center and its predecessors were Cold War units that conducted and supported numerous missile tests using facilities at Holloman Air Force Base, where the center was the host unit ("Holloman" and "Development Center" were sometimes colloquially used to identify military installations in the Tularosa Basin).

Wendover Air Force Base
Wendover Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base in Utah now known as Wendover Airport. During World War II, it was a training base for B-17 and B-24 bomber crews. It was the training site of the 509th Composite Group, the B-29 unit that carried out the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

After the war, Wendover was used for training exercises, gunnery range and as a research facility. It was closed by the Air Force in 1969, and the base was given to Wendover City in 1977. Tooele County, Utah, assumed ownership of the airport and base buildings in 1998, and the County continues to operate the airfield as a public airport. A portion of the original bombing range is now the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) which is used extensively by the Air Force with live fire targets on the range.
Beveridge Report
The Beveridge Report, officially entitled Social Insurance and Allied Services (Cmd. 6404), is a government report, published in November 1942, influential in the founding of the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It was drafted by the Liberal economist William Beveridge – with research and publicity by his future wife, mathematician Janet Philip – who proposed widespread reforms to the system of social welfare to address what he identified as "five giants on the road of reconstruction": "Want… Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness". Published in the midst of World War II, the report promised rewards for everyone's sacrifices. Overwhelmingly popular with the public, it formed the basis for the post-war reforms known as the welfare state, which include the expansion of National Insurance and the creation of the National Health Service.

National Insurance Act 1946
The National Insurance Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 67) was a British act of Parliament passed during the Attlee ministry which established a comprehensive system of social security throughout the United Kingdom.

The act meant that all who were of working age were to pay a weekly contribution. If they had been paying National Insurance, mothers were to be entitled to an allowance (of 18 weeks) for each child as well as a lump sum when the child was born. The act however excluded married women. The weekly contributions meant that benefits including sickness benefit and unemployment benefits were able to be offered. Pensions were to offered to men and women at ages 65 and 60 respectively.
2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
The 2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix 2019) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 1 December 2019 at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The race was the twenty first and final round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship and marked the eleventh running of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and the eleventh time that the race was run as a World Championship event since the inaugural event in 2009. This was also the first time that a race was held in December since the 1963 South African Grand Prix. It was the final race for Toro Rosso, as the team was rebranded to AlphaTauri for the 2020 season.

2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
The 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (officially the 2009 Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix) was the seventeenth and final Formula One motor race of the 2009 Formula One season. It took place on 1 November 2009 at the 5.554 kilometres (3.451 mi) Hermann Tilke-designed Yas Marina Circuit. It was the inaugural Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and also the first ever day-night Grand Prix (starting at 17:00, with sunset at 17:43 on raceday).

The race was won by Sebastian Vettel for Red Bull, with polesitter Lewis Hamilton (driving for McLaren) having retired due to a brake failure. This was the last Formula One race for Kazuki Nakajima and Giancarlo Fisichella and the Brawn GP, BMW Sauber and Toyota teams (respectively). As of 2026 this is the last F1 race to feature in-race refueling, as the practice was banned for the 2010 season. It was also the last Grand Prix appearance of a BMW-powered car in Formula One.
HMS Tartar (1801)
HMS Tartar was a 32-gun fifth-rate Narcissus-class frigate of the Royal Navy, built at Frindsbury and launched in 1801. She captured privateers on the Jamaica station and fought in the Gunboat War and elsewhere in the Baltic Sea before being lost to grounding off Estonia in 1811.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Little Sammy Davis
Little Sammy Davis (November 28, 1928 – February 16, 2018) was an American blues musician based in New York's Hudson Valley. His music career began in the 1940s, but he was not widely known until the mid-1990s, when he began working in radio, singing, performing on tour, and recording studio albums.

Delmark Records
Delmark Records is an American jazz and blues independent record label. The label originated in 1953 in St. Louis, Missouri, as Delmar, when owner, and founder, Bob Koester released a recording of the Windy City Six, a traditional jazz group, under the Delmar imprint. Koester and the label moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1958, and the label's name became Delmark. Koester sold the label assets in 2018, and the label since operates as Delmark Records LLC.