hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ancient Iberian coinage
Ancient Iberian coinage began in the fifth century BC, and widespread minting and circulation in the Iberian peninsula began late in the third century, during the Second Punic War. Civic coinages - emissions made by individual cities at their own volition - continued under the first two and a half centuries of Roman control until ending in the mid-first century AD. Some non-civic coins were minted on behalf of Roman emperors during this period and continued to be minted after the cessation of the civic coinages. After the cessation of the civic coinages, these Imperial coins were the only coins minted in Iberia until the coins of the Suebi and Visigoths.

Ancient Iberia was connected to the eastern and central Mediterranean, and so there are links to the Greek, Roman and Punic (Carthaginian) civic coinages. There are also many differences that reflect dynamics within Iberia itself.

Roman provincial currency
Roman provincial currency was coinage minted within the Roman Empire by local civic rather than imperial authorities. These coins were often continuations of the original currencies that existed prior to the arrival of the Romans. Because so many of them were minted in the Greek areas of the empire, they were usually referred to until fairly recently as Greek imperial coinage, and catalogued at the end of lists of coins minted by the Greek cities.

When a new region was assimilated into the Roman Empire, the continuance of preexisting local currencies was often allowed as a matter of expediency. Also, new colonies were frequently given authority to mint bronze coins. These provincial currencies were mostly used by the local inhabitants only for local trade, as their intrinsic values were usually much lower than Roman imperial coinage.
Will (given name)
Will  [wil] or Wil is a given name, often a short form (hypocorism) of William, Wilson, Wilfred, Wilbert, Willow, Wilmer, Wilbur, Wilhelm, Wilhelmina, Wilma, Willard or Willeke.

Notable people with the name include:

Wilfred (given name)
Wilfred is a masculine given name derived from Germanic roots meaning "will" and "peace" (like Old English wil and frið). The name was popular in the United Kingdom in the early twentieth century. Wilfried and its English spelling, Wilfrid, are closely related to Wilfred, with the same roots (Will and Frieden in German).
Constitutional Court of Georgia
The Constitutional Court of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს საკონსტიტუციო სასამართლო, romanized: sakartvelos sak'onst'it'utsio sasamartlo) is the constitutional court of Georgia, the country's judicial body of constitutional review, having the greatest significance with the view of securing constitutional provisions and separation of powers, and protecting human rights and freedoms.

The Constitutional Court was established in 1996. The legal basis of its organisation and activity is the Constitution of Georgia, the Organic Law of Georgia "On the Constitutional Court of Georgia", and the Rules of the Constitutional Court. The legislation underwent several amendments from 2002 to 2018, the constitutional legal proceedings being made simplified and more expeditious. The Constitutional Court of Georgia was moved from Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, to Batumi, the main city of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, as part of the process of government decentralization, on 5 July 2007.

Constitution of Georgia (country)
The Constitution of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია, sakartvelos k'onst'it'utsia) is the supreme law of the nation of Georgia. It was approved by the Parliament of Georgia on 24 August 1995 and entered into force on 17 October 1995. The Constitution replaced the Decree on State Power of November 1992 which had functioned as an interim basic law following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Teacher
A teacher, also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of teaching.

Informally the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task). 
In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college. 
Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g. youth worker, pastor).

In most countries, formal teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers. This article focuses on those who are employed, as their main role, to teach others in a formal education context, such as at a school or other place of initial formal education or training.

NASUWT
NASUWT – The Teachers' Union is a trade union representing teachers in the United Kingdom across all phases of education, affiliated with the Trades Union Congress, the Scottish Trades Union Congress, the Irish Congress of Trade Unions and Education International. It is one of the largest teaching unions in the UK and is distinctive in representing only qualified teachers, rather than a wider group of education staff.

The union describes itself as "the undiluted voice of the teaching profession," emphasising that its work is centred exclusively on teachers’ interests.

The union engages in negotiations with employers, campaigns on pay and workload, provides legal and professional support to members, and, when necessary, takes industrial action.

Membership is open to teachers at every stage of their careers, including those in supply roles, leadership positions, and in both the maintained and independent sectors.
Txus Vidorreta
Jesus "Txus" Gómez Vidorreta (born 20 June 1966) is a Spanish professional basketball coach, currently managing Lenovo Tenerife of the Spanish Liga ACB and the FIBA Champions League. Vidorreta, born in Bilbao, has coached several teams in Spain.

He has been most successful as the head coach of Canarias, he has won two Basketball Champions League titles, in 2017 and 2022, as well as two FIBA Intercontinental Cup titles, in 2020 and 2023.

Segunda FEB
The Segunda FEB, formerly known as LEB 2 and LEB Plata, is the third basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system and the second basketball division organized by the Spanish Basketball Federation. Since 2019, three teams are promoted to Primera FEB and six teams are relegated to Tercera FEB.

From the 2024–25 season, it is named Segunda FEB.
Amphiarius rugispinis
Amphiarius rugispinis, the softhead sea catfish, is a species of sea catfish which is found along the northern coast of South America. It is found chiefly in turbid waters of estuaries and around river mouths; it originates from brackish and marine waters of Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.  This species grows to about 45 cm (18 in) TL.   Reproduction in A. rugispinis appears to be between September and November. The diameter of the eggs is 14–15 millimetres (9⁄16 in), numbering about 30–35 per female.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Hallerian physiology
Hallerian physiology was a theory competing with galvanism in Italy in the late 18th century. It is named after Albrecht von Haller, a Swiss physician who is considered the father of neurology.

The Hallerians' fundamental tenet held that muscular movements were produced by a mechanical force, different from life and from the nervous system, and which operated beyond consciousness. He claimed that only the muscular fibers have the ability of contraction, which he called irritability, and was responsible for movement.

The activity of this function could be controlled in dead and dissected animals by touching a metal knife to the muscle fiber or by a spark being discharged on them. The electricity operated only as a stimulus of irritability, and it was irritability which was the one, true cause of the contractions.

Irritability
Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli.

When reflecting human emotion and behavior, it is commonly defined as the tendency to react to stimuli with negative affective states (especially anger) and temper outbursts, which can be aggressive. Distressing or impairing irritability is important from a mental health perspective as a common symptom of concern and predictor of clinical outcomes.
Verrucotoxin
Verrucotoxin (VTX) is a lethal venom produced by the dorsal fins of Synanceia verrucosa. This species of reef stonefish is connected to the family Synanceiidae. The venom of this species of stonefish is a tetrameric glycoprotein with cardiovascular and cytolytic effects.

Potassium channel
Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel found in virtually all organisms. They form potassium-selective pores that span cell membranes. Potassium channels are found in most cell types and control a wide variety of cell functions.
William Z. Hassid
William Zev Hassid (1899–1974) was a pioneer research scientist in sugar biochemistry, who announced the synthesis of sucrose in 1944. He received the Sugar Research Foundation Prize of the National Academy of Sciences (jointly with Doudoroff and Barker) for this discovery in 1945.
He also received the Charles Reid Barnes Life Membership Award of the American Society of Plant Physiologists (1964), and the C. S. Hudson Award of the American Chemical Society (1967).
In 1972, he was honored at the Sixth International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry as one of three outstanding senior American carbohydrate chemists.  Hassid served as a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and as Chairman of the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (1949–1950).

Horace Barker
Horace Albert "Nook" Barker (November 29, 1907 – December 24, 2000) was an American biochemist and microbiologist who studied the operation of biological and chemical processes in plants, humans and other animals, including using radioactive tracers to determine the role enzymes play in synthesizing sucrose. He was recognized with the National Medal of Science for his role in identifying an active form of Vitamin B12.
Pisa–Rome railway
The Pisa–Rome railway (also called the ferrovia Tirrenica—"Tyrrhenian Railway") is one of the trunk lines of the Italian railway network. It connects Italy’s northwest with its south, running along the Tyrrhenian coast between the Italian regions of Tuscany and Lazio, through the provinces of Livorno, Grosseto, Viterbo and Rome. The line is double track and is fully electrified at 3,000 V DC. Passenger traffic is managed by Trenitalia.

An international branch line connects from the Pisa–Rome railway at Roma San Pietro railway station to Vatican City: the 300-metre Vatican railway.

Vatican Railway
The Vatican Railway (Italian: Ferrovia Vaticana) was opened in 1934 to serve Vatican City and its only station, Vatican City (Città del Vaticano [tʃitˈta ddel vatiˈkaːno], or Stazione Vaticana [statˈtsjoːne vatiˈkaːna]).  The main rail tracks are standard gauge and 300 metres (980 ft) long, with two freight sidings, making it the shortest national railway system in the world. Access to the Italian rail network is over a viaduct to Roma San Pietro railway station, and is guaranteed by the Lateran Treaty dating from 1929.  The tracks and station were constructed during the reign of Pope Pius XI, shortly after the treaty.

Beginning in 2015, one passenger service runs each Saturday morning with passengers for Castel Gandolfo.
Most other rail traffic consists of inbound freight goods, although the railway has occasionally carried other passengers, usually for symbolic or ceremonial reasons.
Shikha Pandey
Squadron Leader Shikha Pandey (born 12 May 1989) is an Indian cricketer and former officer in the Indian Air Force. She plays for the national cricket team as a right-arm medium pacer and middle-order batter, and was an IAF air traffic control officer.

Pandey made her international Twenty20 (T20I) debut on 9 March 2014 against Bangladesh at Cox's Bazar cricket stadium in Bangladesh. In August of the same year, she made her One Day International (ODI) and Test debuts against England at Wormsley and Scarborough, respectively.

Goa Cricket Association
Goa Cricket Association is the governing body of Cricket activities in the Indian state of Goa and the Goa cricket team. It is affiliated to the Board of Control for Cricket in India. Suraj Lotlikar is the president of the association. GCA is registered with Registrar of Societies, Goa.

As a member of BCCI, it has the authority to select players, umpires and officials to participate in state events and exercises total control over them in Goa. Without its recognition, no competitive cricket involving GCA-contracted players can be hosted within the State of Goa and India. It owns a ground at Porvorim. It has plans to build a new stadium at Pernem.
Kostas Kapnisis
Kostas Kapnisis (Greek: Κώστας Καπνίσης; 20 November 1920 – 4 July 2007) was a Greek composer. He was born in Athens and studied piano at the Hellenic Conservatory. He was also taught by Nikos Skalkottas.

He wrote music and soundtracks for over 100 Greek movies, documentaries and theatre.

He died in Athens in 2007.

Nikos Skalkottas
Nikos Skalkottas (Greek: Νίκος Σκαλκώτας; 21 March 1904 – 19 September 1949) was a Greek composer of 20th-century classical music. A member of the Second Viennese School, he drew his influences from both the classical repertoire and the Greek tradition. He also produced a sizeable amount of tonal music in the last phase of his musical creativity.
Ty'n-yr-eithin
Ty'n-yr-eithin is a hamlet in the community of Tregaron, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 62.4 miles (100.4 km) from Cardiff and 171.2 miles (275.4 km) from London. Ty'n-yr-eithin is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Tregaron
Tregaron (Welsh: [treˈɡaːrɔn] "town of St Caron") is an ancient market town in Ceredigion, Wales. It is sited astride the River Brenig, a tributary of the River Teifi, and is 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Lampeter. According to the 2011 Census, the population of the ward of Tregaron was 1,213 and 67% of the population could speak Welsh; Tregaron is a community covering 33 square miles (85 km2); two-thirds of the population were born in Wales.
Czech Republic national badminton team
The Czech Republic national badminton team (Czech: Českou reprezentaci v badmintonu) represents Czech Republic in international badminton team competitions. The Czech team competed in the 1991 Sudirman Cup under the Czechoslovakia national badminton team merged with Slovakia. The national team was formed after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and the Czech Republic and Slovakia were separated into two different national teams.

The Czech Badminton Federation is the governing body that controls the national team.

Czechoslovakia national badminton team
The Czechoslovakia national badminton team (Czechoslovak: Československá reprezentácia v bedmintone) represented Czechoslovakia in international badminton team competitions. The Czechoslovakian team competed in the 1991 Sudirman Cup before the nation was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It was controlled by the Czechoslovak Badminton Association (Czechoslovak: Československý Bedmintonový Sväz).

The Czechoslovakian team also once competed in the Helvetia Cup. Czechoslovakia won the tournament once in 1973.
Lodhi language
Lodhi (Lodi, Lohi, Lozi) is a Munda language or an Indo-Aryan dialect cluster of India. Ethnologue notes high levels of lexical similarity (50–75%) with Oriya, Bengali and Kharia Thar which is spoken only by one quarter of ethnic Lodhi in Orissa. However, while admitting that Lodhi is related to Sora, a Munda language, Ethnologue also classifies Lodhi as an Indic (Bengali–Assamese) language and it is considered a variety of Hindi in the Indian census. It may be that there are both Munda and Indic varieties subsumed under the name Lodhi.

However, Anderson (2008:299) suggests that Lodhi (Lodha) of northern Orissa may be an Indo-Aryan lect rather than endangered Munda language; some members use the autonym Sabar or Sabara.

Sora language
Sora (Sora pronunciation: [ˈsoːra] or [soʔoːˈra]) is a south Munda language belonging to the Austroasiatic family, spoken by the Sora people, an ethnic group of eastern India, mainly in the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Sora contains very little formal literature but has an abundance of folk tales and traditions. Most of the knowledge passed down from generation to generation is transmitted orally. Like many languages in eastern India, Sora is listed as 'vulnerable to extinction' by UNESCO. Sora speakers are concentrated in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The language is endangered according to the International Mother Language Institute (IMLI).
Potamosilurus coatesi
Potamosilurus coatesi, or Coates' catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Patricia J. Kailola in 1990, originally under the genus Arius. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea, being only known from the Sepik and Ramu Rivers. It reaches a maximum standard length of 75 cm (30 in), more commonly reaching an SL of 45 cm (18 in). Its maximum known weight is 5 kg (11 lb).

The diet of Potamosilurus coatesi includes Macrobrachium prawns, aquatic insects and worms, detritus, bark, seeds and bony fish such as Ophieleotris aporos. It has been recorded spawning all year round.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Iron Beam
Iron Beam, officially Laser Dome in English and Eitan's Light (Hebrew: אור איתן) in Hebrew, is a directed-energy air defense system developed by Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It was unveiled at the Singapore Airshow on February 11, 2014.

The system is designed to destroy short-range rockets, artillery, and mortar bombs, and was scheduled to be deployed in October 2025, but was actually deployed December 2025. It has a range of up to 10 km (6.2 mi), complementing the Iron Dome system which was designed to intercept missiles launched from a greater distance. In addition, the system could also intercept unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs; drones) at a cost of US$3 per interception. Iron Beam will constitute the fifth element of Israel's integrated missile defense system, in addition to Arrow 2, Arrow 3, David's Sling and Iron Dome.

Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

China, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States have all developed such air defense systems.
Climate of the Arctic
The climate of the Arctic is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. There is a large amount of variability in climate across the Arctic, but all regions experience extremes of solar radiation in both summer and winter. Some parts of the Arctic are covered by ice (sea ice, glacial ice, or snow) year-round, and nearly all parts of the Arctic experience long periods with some form of ice on the surface.

The Arctic consists of ocean that is largely surrounded by land. As such, the climate of much of the Arctic is moderated by the ocean water, which can never have a temperature below −2 °C (28 °F). In winter, this relatively warm water, even though covered by the polar ice pack, keeps the North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, and it is also part of the reason that Antarctica is so much colder than the Arctic. In summer, the presence of the nearby water keeps coastal areas from warming as much as they might otherwise.

Davis Strait
Davis Strait (Danish: Davisstrædet; Inuktitut: ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᖓ Qikiqtaaluup Ikinga) is a southern arm of the Arctic Ocean that lies north of the Labrador Sea. It lies between mid-western Greenland and Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. To the north is Baffin Bay. The strait was named for English explorer John Davis (1550–1605), who sailed the area while seeking a route through the Northwest Passage, and by the 1650s it was used for whale hunting.
Michael Varrati
Michael Varrati is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, columnist, and actor known primarily for his work within the horror genre and the world of TV movies.  Outside of his film work, Varrati writes and speaks about pop culture and the horror genre as it relates to the LGBTQ experience, including at San Diego Comic-Con, and as the host of the queer horror discussion podcast Dead for Filth.

Some of Varrati's notable works include There's a Zombie Outside, Tales of Poe, the screenlife horror Unusual Attachment, episodes of the podcasts Darkest Night and Deadly Manners, and serving as a writer/director of the series The Boulet Brothers' Dragula. In 2014, Agents of Geek named Varrati one of the "9 Must-Follow Geeks on Twitter."

Bart Mastronardi
Bart Mastronardi is an American director, screenwriter, cinematographer, producer, photographer.  He resides in New York City, teaching camera, lighting, and directing at the New York Film Academy. His debut featureVindication received positive coverage in Fangoria magazine.

His feature film Tales of Poe, released in 2014, won the Audience Choice Award at the Screams in the Dark Festival held in Omaha, Nebraska.
Hugo Orellana Bonilla
Hugo Orellana Bonilla (Jauja 1932 - January 28, 2007) was one of the most recognized Peruvian painters. 
He was born in 1932 Ataura a district of Jauja, Peru.
He has studied at the Lima Academy of Fine Arts, Paris, Florence and Mexico City between 1953 and 1961.

Los Andes Peruvian University
The Los Andes Peruvian University (UPLA) (Spanish: Universidad Peruana Los Andes) is an educational institution created on December 30, 1983 (Law Nº 23.757). The main campus is situated in Huancayo, Peru. It is one of the most prosperous  universities in the central region of the country. It is named after the Andes mountains, which surround the city of Huancayo.