hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Population history of Egypt
Egypt has a long and involved demographic history. This is partly due to the territory's geographical location at the crossroads of several major cultural areas: North Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, Egypt has experienced several invasions and being part of many regional empires during its long history, including by the Canaanites, the Ancient Libyans, the Assyrians, the Kushites (a Nubian civilization), the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, and the Arabs.

However, invasions mostly involved the governing elite class and did not have a significant impact on the majority of the Egyptian population. Other scholars have suggested there may have been a gradual period of demographic change from Syria-Palestine, via the eastern Delta region.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Howard Leslie Elliott
Howard Leslie Elliott (10 March 1877 – 11 November 1956) was a New Zealand Baptist minister, sectarian agitator and editor. He was born in Maldon, Victoria, Australia on 10 March 1877.

He moved to New Zealand in 1909 where he was the pastor of the Mount Eden Baptist Church. In July 1917 he resigned his pastorate and founded the Protestant Political Association of New Zealand (PPA). He was also a member of the Orange Order. In the 1919 and 1922 elections the PPA endorsed most of the New Zealand Reform Party's candidates.

In 1930 he founded the New Zealand Financial Times. In the 1943 election he publicly endorsed John A. Lee's Democratic Labour Party.

Howard Elliott died in Te Awamutu on 11 November 1956.

John A. Lee
John Alfred Alexander Lee DCM (31 October 1891 – 13 June 1982) was a New Zealand politician and writer. He is one of the more prominent avowed socialists in New Zealand's political history.

Lee was elected as a member of parliament in 1922. After the Labour Party's victory in 1935, Lee was passed over for appointment to cabinet, instead becoming an under-secretary. He became a critic of the leadership of his party and was expelled in 1940, subsequently founding his own left-wing party, the Democratic Labour Party. He lost his parliamentary seat at the 1943 election.
Tanzeem ul Madaris Ahle Sunnat
Tanzeem ul Madaris or Tanzeem-ul-Madaris Ahl-e-Sunnat (Organization of Ahl e Sunnat Barelvi Madrassas) is a board of education working with over 15000 Sunni madrassas (Islamic schools) across Pakistan. It is a key seminary board in the country affiliated with the Barelvi movement within Sunni Islam. Grand Mufti Muneeb-ur-Rehman of Jamia Naeemia Lahore is the President of the board. 
The total strength of the students appeared in its examination was 600000 lac in 2013. Pakistan's Higher Education Commission recognizes the degrees awarded by madrassas affiliated to Tanzeem ul Madaris.

Jamia Naeemia Lahore
Jamia Naeemia Lahore is an Islamic University in Lahore associated with the Sunni Barelvi movement. Founded by Mufti Muhammad Husain Naeemi, father of Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi. It serves as the largest Sunni institution for the Barelvi movement in Pakistan.

The word "Naeemi" and "Naeemia" is taken from name of Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi, who was a close fellow and pupil of Ahmed Raza Khan. Dr. Raghib Hussain Naeemi is the present principal of the institution.
Chak Pirpur
Chak Pirpur is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 14 km from Nakodar, 34 km from Kapurthala, 19 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 154 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Badgeville
Badgeville, Inc. was a privately held technology company founded in 2010 with headquarters in Redwood City, California, and an additional office in New York. The firm provided software as a service (SaaS) for web sites to measure and influence user behaviour using techniques such as gamification.

Badgeville technology was acquired by CallidusCloud in 2016, which was in turn acquired by SAP in 2018.

CallidusCloud
Callidus Software Inc., formerly CallidusCloud, is an enterprise software and software as a service (SaaS) company headquartered in Dublin, California. The company markets services for sales effectiveness, sales management and sales execution (CPQ, CLM) software and services. It is a part of the SAP Sales Cloud.
Cyberpeace Foundation
CyberPeace Foundation is an Indian nonpartisan, nonprofit organization of Cyber Security that works to build resilience against cyberattack and cybercrimes. CyberPeace closely works with several state and national governments, educational Institutions worldwide and the United Nations.

The Organization is registered with NITI Aayog and the member of UN Global Compact Network India.

National Commission for Women
The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting women. It was established on 31 January 1992 under the provisions of National Commission for Women Act, 1990. The first head of the commission was Jayanti Patnaik. As of 19 October 2024, Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar is the chairperson.
2007 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup
The 2007 FIBA Africa Basketball Club Championship (22nd edition), was an international basketball tournament  held in the cities of Cabinda (Group A), Huambo (Group B) and Luanda (Knockout stage), Angola, from December 13 to 22, 2007. The tournament, organized by FIBA Africa, and hosted by Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto, was contested by 12 teams split into 2 groups of 6, the first four of which qualifying for the knock-out stage.

Host team Primeiro de Agosto won the tournament.

FIBA Africa Basketball League
The FIBA Africa Basketball League (formerly named the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup) was the highest caliber men's professional basketball competition for clubs until 2020, organized by the FIBA Africa and played by the champions of the leagues of the African countries. The league was replaced by the Basketball Africa League (BAL) from 2020.
Morawaka
Morawaka (Sinhala: මොරවක) is a small town in the Matara District, Southern Province of Sri Lanka, a centre of Ceylon tea plantations and rice paddies. Additionally, Morawaka is said to have gem resources.

Located at an elevation of 85 m (279 ft), at the intersection of the A17 (Akuressa – Deniyaya) highway and the B363 road. It is approximately 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Galle and 144 km (89 mi) from Colombo.

Akuressa
Akuressa (Sinhalese: අකුරැස්ස) is located in Matara District of the Southern Province. It is located on the Matara–Deniyaya road, approximately 23.6 km (14.7 mi) from Matara and 39.7 km (24.7 mi) from Galle.

The surrounding areas produce tea, coconut, rubber and agricultural products such as rice. 
Akuressa is surrounded by small towns such as Imaduwa, Pitabaddara, Algiriya, Kamburupitiya, Makandura.
Many state institutions are situated in the town such as the district hospital, a police station and schools.

There are many GS Divisions. Such as Paraduwa, Mawawwa, Kiyaduwa, Galabadahena, Poraba, Iluppalla, Ibulgoda, Maraba, Hulandawa, Peddapitiya, Lenama, Idikatudeniya, Udupitiya Diyalape, Higgoda, Eramudugoda, Katanvila, Maliduwa, Walikatiya, Kananke.
2015 Mosconi Cup
The 2015 PartyPoker.net Mosconi Cup, the 22nd edition of the annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Europe and the United States, took place 7–10 December 2015 at the Tropicana in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Team Europe retained the Mosconi Cup by defeating Team USA 11–7.

Mosconi Cup
The Mosconi Cup is an annual nine-ball pool tournament contested since 1994 between teams representing Europe and the United States. Named after American pool player Willie Mosconi, the event is comparable to the Ryder Cup in golf and the Weber Cup in bowling.

Team composition and formats have varied over the years. As of 2024, each team has five playing members. Each team also has a captain and vice captain, who may be among the players, or may be non-playing additional members of the team. The teams compete over one team match, several doubles matches and singles matches, with the first team to win 11 matches claiming victory.

On 3 December 2024, Team Europe beat Team USA 11–6, kept the title and took an overall series lead of 17–13, with one tie.
Algiers tramway
The Algiers tramway (Arabic: ترامواي الجزائر, lit. 'Algiers Tramway') is a tram system serving Algiers, the capital and largest city of Algeria. Opened in 2011, the network is operated by the Société d'exploitation des tramways (SETRAM) and owned by the Entreprise Métro d'Alger (EMA). The 23 km (14 mi) long network consists of one line, and serves 38 stations.

Although Algiers had a network of electric trams from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, the current network mostly runs on a different route and alignment to that of the original lines. Planning for the new tramway started in 2002, with construction being started in early 2007. The network opened on the 8th of May, 2011, and was subsequently extended three times: in 2012, 2014, and 2015.

National Company for Rail Transport
The National Rail Transportation Company (Arabic: الشركة الوطنية للنّقل بالسّكك الحديدية, French: Société Nationale des Transports Ferroviaires, abbreviated SNTF) is Algeria's national railway operator. The SNTF, a state-owned company, currently has a monopoly over Algeria's rail network of 3,973 km (2,469 mi), although it is currently utilising only 3,572 km (2,220 mi). Out of the total railway network, 2,888 km (1,795 mi) are 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge (283 km or 176 mi of these are electrified) and 1,085 km (674 mi) are 1,055 mm (3 ft 5+1⁄2 in) narrow gauge (as of 2008).
Le Charivari
Le Charivari was an illustrated magazine published in Paris, France, from 1832 to 1937.  It published caricatures, political cartoons and reviews. After 1835, when the government banned political caricature, Le Charivari began publishing satires of everyday life.  The name refers to the folk practice of holding a charivari, a loud, riotous parade, to shame or punish wrongdoers.

Political cartoon
A political cartoon, also known as an editorial cartoon, is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion. An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. They typically combine artistic skill, hyperbole and satire in order to either question authority or draw attention to corruption, political violence and other social ills.

Developed in England in the latter part of the 18th century, the political cartoon was pioneered by James Gillray, although his and others in the flourishing English industry were sold as individual prints in print shops.  Founded in 1841, the British periodical Punch appropriated the term cartoon to refer to its political cartoons, which led to the term's widespread use.
Pasoemah Expedition
The Pasoemah Expedition was a punitive expedition of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army to the Pasoemah (now spelt Pasumah or Pasemah) plateau region in South Sumatra. The expedition lasted from 1864 to 1868.

Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL, pronounced [knɪl]; Indonesian: Tentara Kerajaan Hindia Belanda) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies, in areas that are now part of Indonesia. The KNIL's air arm was the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Elements of the Royal Netherlands Navy and  Government Navy were also stationed in the Netherlands East Indies.
Thomas Leche
Thomas Leche or Leeche (1581–1646) was the Archdeacon of Wilts from 15 November 1614 until his death.

Leche was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He held livings in the Wiltshire parishes of Pewsey (from 1613) and Minety (from 1614).

Archdeacon of Wilts
The Archdeacon of Wilts (or Wiltshire) is a senior cleric in the Diocese of Salisbury, England. The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy in five deaneries: Marlborough, Pewsey, Calne, Bradford and Devizes.

Louise Ellis has been the Archdeacon of Wilts since 24 May 2025.
Jeongol
Jeongol (Korean: 전골) is a Korean-style hot pot made by putting meat, mushroom, seafood, seasoning, etc., in a stew pot, adding broth, and boiling it. It is similar to the category of Korean stews called jjigae, with the main difference being that jjigae are generally made with only a single main ingredient, and named after that ingredient (such as kimchi jjigae or sundubu jjigae), while jeongol usually contain a variety of main ingredients. An additional difference is that jeongol (like gujeolpan) was originally a dish for upper-class Koreans and members of the royal court, while jjigae was a simpler dish for commoners.

Kimchi-jjigae
Kimchi-jjigae (Korean: 김치찌개) or kimchi stew is a jjigae, or stew-like Korean dish, made with kimchi and other ingredients, such as pork, scallions, onions, and diced tofu. It is one of the most common stews in Korean cuisine.
Joe Pearce (Australian rugby league)
Sid 'Joe' Pearce (7 September 1910 – 16 October 1995) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. An Australian international and New South Wales representative second-row forward, he played his club football for Eastern Suburbs with whom he won the New South Wales Rugby League premiership in 1935, 1936, 1937 and 1940. Son of fellow Australian Rugby League Hall of Famer, Sandy Pearce, he is considered one of the nation's finest footballers of the 20th century.

1936 NSWRFL season
The 1936 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the twenty-ninth season of Sydney’s top-level rugby league football club competition, Australia’s first. Nine teams from across the city contested the premiership during the season, which lasted from April until September, and culminated in Eastern Suburbs’ victory over Balmain in the final.
Postville, Iowa
Postville is a city in Allamakee and Clayton counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. It lies near the junction of four counties and at the intersection of U.S. Routes 18 and 52 and Iowa Highway 51, with airport facilities in the neighboring communities of Waukon, Decorah, Monona and Prairie du Chien. The population was 2,503 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 2,273 in 2000. The city is in Allamakee County's southwestern corner and Clayton County's northwestern corner in a quad county, or four-corner region, where four counties intersect. Winneshiek County is just to the west and Fayette County is just to the southwest of Postville.

Decorah, Iowa
Decorah is the largest city in and the county seat of Winneshiek County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,587 at the time of the 2020 census. Decorah is the home of Luther College, a private liberal arts college.  It is known for its Norwegian-American heritage and the corresponding Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum.

Decorah is located at the intersection of State Highway 9 and U.S. Route 52. Located within the Driftless Area in northeastern Iowa, Decorah is situated in the bluffs of the Upper Iowa River, which flows through the city.
1966 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1966 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 7th conference playoff in league history. The tournament was played between March 3 and March 5, 1966. All games were played at home team campus sites. By being declared as co-champions, both Michigan State and Denver were invited to participate in the 1966 NCAA University Division Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Though not official designations, Michigan State is considered as the East Regional Champion† and Denver as the West Regional Champion‡.

WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The WCHA Men's Tournament was the conference tournament for the men's division of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey conference that originally operated from 1951 to 2021. The tournament was also referred to as the WCHA Final Five, the moniker for the tournament's closing rounds. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament.  From 1985 to 2018, the winner of the tournament received the Broadmoor Trophy, before that trophy was retired in favor of the Jeff Sauer WCHA Championship Trophy.
15 cm SK L/40 naval gun
The 15 cm SK L/40 was a German naval gun that was used as secondary armament on pre-dreadnought battleships, protected cruisers and armored cruisers of the Imperial German Navy in World War I.  It was also used as a coast-defence gun during World Wars I and II.

Artillery fuze
An artillery fuze or fuse is the type of munition fuze used with artillery munitions, typically projectiles fired by guns (field, anti-aircraft, coast and naval), howitzers and mortars. A fuze is a device that initiates an explosive function in a munition, most commonly causing it to detonate or release its contents, when its activation conditions are met. This action typically occurs a preset time after firing (time fuze), or on physical contact with (contact fuze) or detected proximity to the ground, a structure or other target (proximity fuze). Fuze, a variant of fuse, is the official NATO spelling.
Guanghua Temple (Putian)
The Guanghua Temple (simplified Chinese: 广化寺; traditional Chinese: 廣化寺; pinyin: Guǎnghuā Sì), also known as the South Mountain Guanghua Temple (南山广寺), is a Buddhist temple located at the foot of Mount Phoenix (凤凰山), about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Putian City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.

Built in the penultimate year of the Southern Chen dynasty (588 CE), it is one of the most influential Chinese Buddhism temples in China as well as one of the most scenic visitor attractions in Fujian Province.

Chen dynasty
The Chen dynasty (traditional Chinese: 陳朝; simplified Chinese: 陈朝; pinyin: Chén Cháo), alternatively known as the Southern Chen (南陳 / 南朝陳) in historiography, was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the fourth and last of the Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. Following the Liang dynasty, the Chen dynasty was founded by Chen Baxian (Emperor Wu). The Chen dynasty further strengthened and revitalized the economy and culture of southern China, and made territorial expansions northward, laying the foundation for future dynasties. It was conquered by the Sui dynasty in 589 AD, marking an end to the Northern and Southern dynasties period in Chinese history. The descendants of the Chen imperial family continued to hold powerful high-ranking positions in the imperial courts of both the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Hired armed lugger Aristocrat
His Majesty's hired armed vessel Aristocrat served the Royal Navy, twice, as a lugger from 1794 to 1798, and as a brig from 1799 to 1801. She served with the Jersey-based Channel Islands flotilla under Commodore Philippe d'Auvergne, Prince of Bouillon. As a lugger she participated in two notable engagements, the second of which won for her crew the Naval General Service Medal, awarded some 50 years later. As a brig, she captured two privateers.

Saint-Malo
Saint-Malo (UK: /sæ̃ ˈmɑːloʊ/, US: /ˌsæ̃ məˈloʊ/, French: [sɛ̃ malo] ⓘ; Gallo: Saent-Malô; Breton: Sant-Maloù) is a historic French port commune in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany.

The walled city on the English Channel coast has a long history of piracy, earning much wealth from local extortion and overseas adventures. In 1944, during World War II, the Allies heavily bombed Saint-Malo. The city became a popular tourist centre, with a ferry terminal serving the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey, as well as the Southern English settlements of Portsmouth, Hampshire and Poole, Dorset.

The transatlantic single-handed yacht race Route du Rhum, which takes place every four years in November, is between Saint Malo and Pointe-à-Pitre in Guadeloupe.
Al-Na'ani
Al-Na'ani, also called Al-Ni'ana, was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on May 14, 1948, by the Givati Brigade during Operation Barak. It was located 6 km south of Ramle.

Ramle Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Ramle Subdistrict was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was part of Lydda District of the British Mandate of Palestine. The sub-district's main city was Ramle. Its total population in 1944 was estimated at 123,490, of which 88,560 were Muslims; 29,420 were Jews; and 5,500 were Christians. A number of Palestinian Arab villages in the subdistrict were ethnically cleansed during the Nakba, both by Zionist forces prior to the Israeli declaration of independence and after by Israeli forces. Following the war the area that had made up Ramla Subdistrict became a part of Israel's Central District, being mostly subdivided between a newly created Ramla Subdistrict and Rehovot Subdistrict.
Cheetah Vision
Cheetah Vision is a currently inactive American film production company founded in 2008 by Curtis '50 Cent' Jackson and Randall Emmett.

The company produced low budget action thrillers for foreign film markets across the world. The company's first film was Before I Self Destruct.

In early 2011, 50 Cent landed a $200,000,000 deal for the company, which funded a ten-film deal. Lionsgate distributed the films. Under the deal, the films had a budget of around $20 million each.

Lionsgate Films
Lionsgate Films, previously spelled as Lions Gate and formerly known as Cinépix Film Properties, is a Canadian-American film production and distribution company founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on June 15, 1962. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, it is owned by Lionsgate Studios since May 14, 2024.

Lionsgate is the second-largest and most successful mini-major film studio in North America. The studio focuses on foreign and independent films and has distributed various commercially successful film franchises, including Saw, The Hunger Games, Rambo, Divergent, The Punisher, John Wick, Madea, Blair Witch, Now You See Me, Hostel, The Expendables, Sinister, The Twilight Saga, Step Up, and Den of Thieves.
Guesalaga Island
Guesalaga Island is the northern of two islands lying off the east side of Lecointe Island, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was named by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition of 1947 for its commander, Capitán de Navío Federico Guesalaga Toro.

Lecointe Island
Lecointe Island is an elongated island, 7.27 km (4.52 mi) long between Cape Kaiser and Hvarchil Point, 2.2 km (1.4 mi) wide and 700 m (2,300 ft) high, separated from the east coast of Brabant Island by Pampa Passage, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

The island was first roughly surveyed by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, which gave the name Cape Kaiser to its northern extremity. The island was surveyed and photographed by several British expeditions, 1955–58, and was named by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey for Georges Lecointe, second-in-command and surveyor of the Belgian expedition which was responsible for the first survey of Gerlache Strait.

It is also known as Isla Kaiser and Isla Alice.