hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modan (tribe)
Modan (Kurdish: Modan) is a Kurdish tribe mainly residing around Haymana, Ankara Province in Turkey. The first Kurdish village and considerable Kurdish presence appeared in the region in 15th and 18th centuries, respectively. Tribal members are also found in Mazandaran Province in northern Iran.

Kurdish tribes
Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranian ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia.

The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or putative, with a characteristic internal structure. They are naturally divided into a number of sub-tribes, and each of these sub-tribes again are divided into smaller units: clans, lineages and households.
Bop City
Bop City (also known as Jimbo's Bop City) was a jazz club operated by John "Jimbo" Edwards in San Francisco from 1949 to 1965. It was situated in the back room of a Victorian house at 1690 Post Street, in the Western Addition district. During its heyday, the venue was known for late-night live performances of many popular jazz artists, including Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong, Chet Baker, and Charlie Parker, and was one of the most famous jazz clubs of its time, being instrumental in popularizing the modern jazz style in San Francisco.

The club closed in 1965 when jazz began to decline in popularity. The house was moved two blocks west to 1712 Fillmore Street during the urban renewal in the Western Addition in the 1970s, where it currently stands, and has been designated a San Francisco Designated Landmark.

Jimmy Heath
James Edward Heath (October 25, 1926 – January 19, 2020), nicknamed Little Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger, and big band leader. He was the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath.
HTML editor
An HTML editor is a program used for editing HTML, the markup of a web page. Although the HTML markup in a web page can be controlled with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience, added functionality, and organisation. For example, many HTML editors handle not only HTML, but also related technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, or ECMAScript.  In some cases, they also manage communication with remote web servers via FTP and WebDAV, and version control systems such as Subversion or Git. Many word processing, graphic design, and page layout programs that are not dedicated to web design, such as Microsoft Word or QuarkXPress, also have the ability to edit & export HTML documents.

Validator
A validator is a computer program used to check the validity or syntactical correctness of a fragment of code or document. The term is commonly used in the context of validating HTML, CSS, and XML documents like RSS feeds, though it can be used for any defined format or language.

Accessibility validators are automated tools that are designed to verify compliance of a web page or a web site with respect to one or more  accessibility guidelines  (such as WCAG, Section 508 or those associated with national laws such as the Stanca Act).
FC Sogdiana
Sogdiyona Jizzakh (Uzbek: Soʻgʻdiyona Jizzax Futbol Klubi / "Сўғдиёна" Жиззах Футбол Клуби), formerly known as Sogdiana, is an Uzbek professional football club based in Jizzakh, that plays in the Uzbekistan Super League.

Football Club Sogdiyona Jizzakh was founded in 1970, and is named after the ancient historical area of Sogdia. In Soviet times, the club was mainly involved in the Second and First Leagues of the USSR Championship. In 1979 it became the winner of zone "Central Asia" of the Second League of the USSR. In the debut drawing of the Uzbekistan Higher League in 1992, Sogdiana sensationally won the bronze medal of this league, an achievement which is still the highest in their history. Besides, they have three times became the winners of the Uzbekistan First League (now called the Uzbekistan Pro League), once won silver league medal, were also two-time winners of the Uzbekistan League Cup.

2022 AFC Women's Club Championship
The 2022 AFC Women's Club Championship (also known as the AFC Women's Club Championship 2022 – Pilot Tournament), held between 15 August and 22 October, was the third edition of the AFC's premier women's club football competition. Five clubs from five AFC member associations competed in this tournament. A final had been originally scheduled for 22 October, but was never played. Thailand's College of Asian Scholars won the East Zone title and Uzbekistan's Sogdiana Jizzakh won the West zone title.
2017 Bendigo Women's International
The 2017 Bendigo Women's International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament and was part of the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Bendigo, Australia, on 6–12 November 2017.

2017 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2017 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000.
Raj Bisaria
Raj Bisaria (10 November 1935 – 16 February 2024) was an Indian director, producer, actor and educationalist, described by the Press Trust of India as "the father of the modern theatre in North India". He founded Theatre Arts Workshop in 1966, and Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1975 and the repertory company of Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1980.
He blended artistic concepts of the East and the West, and the traditional and the modern. He was nurtured and supported by Senior Member in the University Executive Council Nirmal Chandra Chaturvedi, MLC.

Eugène Ionesco
Eugène Ionesco (/jəˈnɛskoʊ/; French: [øʒɛn jɔnɛsko]; born Eugen Ionescu, Romanian: [e.uˈdʒen joˈnesku] ⓘ; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and was one of the foremost figures of the French avant-garde theatre in the 20th century. Ionesco instigated a revolution in ideas and techniques of drama, beginning with his "anti play", The Bald Soprano which contributed to the beginnings of what is known as the Theatre of the Absurd, which includes a number of plays that, following the ideas of the philosopher Albert Camus, explore concepts of absurdism and surrealism. He was made a member of the Académie française in 1970, and was awarded the 1970 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, and the 1973 Jerusalem Prize.
55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
The 55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an Air Defense Artillery regiment of the United States Army that was first constituted in 1917 in the Regular Army. It was previously the 55th Artillery, U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps. (CAC)

Canon de 155 mm GPF
The Canon de 155 Grande Puissance Filloux (GPF) modèle 1917 was a WWI-era French-designed 155 mm gun used by the French Army and the United States Army during the first half of the 20th century in towed and self-propelled mountings.
Defense Base Act
The Defense Base Act (DBA) (ch. 357 of the 77th United States Congress, 55 Stat. 622, enacted August 16, 1941, codified at 42 U.S.C. §§ 1651–1654) is an extension of the federal workers' compensation program that covers longshoremen and harbor workers, the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act 33 U.S.C. §§ 901–950.  The DBA covers persons employed at United States defense bases overseas.  The DBA is designed to provide medical treatment and compensation to employees of defense contractors injured in the scope and course of employment. The DBA is administered by the United States Department of Labor.

77th United States Congress
The 77th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1941, to January 3, 1943, during the ninth and tenth years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority - with the Senate being a supermajority. With the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a then record third term, the Democrats maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

This was the first Congress to have more than one Senate president (John Garner and Henry Wallace) due to the passage of the 20th Amendment in 1933.
1998 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Doubles
The 1998 Abierto Mexicano Telcel was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Mexico City, Mexico that was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 26 October – 1 November.

1998 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP World Tour Finals, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
2011 Ropharma Brașov Challenger
The 2011 Ropharma Brașov Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Brașov, Romania between 5 September and 11 September 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Jayden Seeley
Jayden Seeley is an Australian musician, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He was the lead singer and bassist of the Rock band With Confidence.

Seeley has written and produced songs for artists including Zach Hood, Set It Off, Pop Evil, Point North, Games We Play, Hey Violet, Ryan Oakes, and more.

Point North
Point North is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2017 by lead singer Jon Lundin, guitarist/vocalist Benji Bryan, and guitarist Andy Hersey. Drummer Sage Weeber joined the band in 2019.

They have released three studio albums to date, and have collaborated on singles with The Ghost Inside and Set It Off. They have also toured with Set It Off and From Ashes to New.
Lowhill Township, Pennsylvania
Lowhill Township is a township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of Lowhill Township was 2,173 at the 2010 census. It is a suburb of Allentown, in the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Crosa, Piedmont
Crosa is a frazione of the comune of Lessona, in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 332 and an area of 1.0 square kilometre (0.39 mi2).
From 1 January 2016 Crosa was absorbed by the neighbouring municipality of Lessona.

As an autonomous comune Crosa bordered the following municipalities: Casapinta, Cossato, Lessona, Strona.

Cossato
Cossato is a municipality in the province of Biella, Italy, in the northwest part of Piedmont, 11.6 kilometres (7.2 mi) east of Biella. It has a population of about 14,804 and it spreads over an area of 27,74 km2, which makes it the second largest town in the Province of Biella. It is crossed by the Strona di Mosso stream.
Palestine Railways H class
The Palestine Railways H class was a type of standard gauge mixed traffic steam locomotive on the Palestine Military Railway and its civilian successors Palestine Railways and Israel Railways. The PMR introduced the class in 1919 and Israel Railways withdrew the last ones in 1960.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
La Libertad, California
La Libertad, California is a former settlement in Fresno County, California that was 1/2 mile south and 5 miles east of Burrel, California. It was an early Mexican settlement in San Joaquin Valley, on the eastern route of El Camino Viejo that existed there at least until 1870.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
Rösträtt för kvinnor
Rösträtt för kvinnor ('Suffrage for Women') was a journal published by the Swedish National Association for Women's Suffrage. It was first published in 1912 and the last issue was published in 1919, when the Riksdag (Swedish Parliament) decided to extend universal suffrage to men and women. The journal's motto was: "We can never do as much for a great cause as a great cause can do for us."

National Association for Women's Suffrage (Sweden)
The National Association for Women's Suffrage (Swedish: Landsföreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt, LKPR) was a part of the general suffrage movement and the national society for women's suffrage in Sweden. It functioned as a parallel to the Sveriges allmänna rösträttsförbund (SARF; 'The Swedish League for Universal Suffrage') which was active mainly in acquiring full suffrage for males. The LKPR was a part of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. It was active locally from 1902 as the Föreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt (Society for Woman Suffrage), and nationwide as the Landsföreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt (National Association for Women's Suffrage) from 1903 until 1921.
1983 World Taekwondo Championships
The 1983 World Taekwondo Championships are the 6th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Copenhagen, Denmark from October 20 to October 23, 1983. A total of 353 athletes from 42 nations took part in the championships.

World Taekwondo Championships
The World Taekwondo Championship is held every two years by World Taekwondo. In addition to the kyorugi (full contact fighting) Championships, there are also Para World Championships as well as Poomsae and Para Poomsae Championships held every two years.
Berge equilibrium
The Berge equilibrium is a game theory solution concept named after the mathematician Claude Berge. It is similar to the standard Nash equilibrium, except that it aims to capture a type of altruism rather than purely non-cooperative play. Whereas a Nash equilibrium is a situation in which each player of a strategic game ensures that they personally will receive the highest payoff given other players' strategies, in a Berge equilibrium every player ensures that all other players will receive the highest payoff possible. Although Berge introduced the intuition for this equilibrium notion in 1957, it was only formally defined by Vladislav Iosifovich Zhukovskii in 1985, and it was not in widespread use until half a century after Berge originally developed it.

Solution concept
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how a game will be played. These predictions are called "solutions", and describe which strategies will be adopted by players and, therefore, the result of the game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts, most famously Nash equilibrium.

Many solution concepts, for many games, will result in more than one solution. This puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented in the following improves on its predecessor by eliminating implausible equilibria in richer games.
Goulmimichthys
Goulmimichthys is an extinct genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Pachyrhizodontidae. The genus, first described by Cavin in 1995, is known from various Turonian age formations. The type species G. arambourgi from the Akrabou Formation in the El Rachidia Province of Morocco, and other fossils described are G. gasparini of the La Frontera Formation, Colombia, and G. roberti from the Agua Nueva Formation of Mexico.

Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃t ʁɑ̃dy də lakademi de sjɑ̃s], Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences), or simply Comptes rendus, is a French scientific journal published since 1835. It is the proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences. It is currently split into seven sections, published on behalf of the Academy until 2020 by Elsevier: Mathématique, Mécanique, Physique, Géoscience, Palévol, Chimie, and Biologies. As of 2020, the Comptes Rendus journals are published by the Academy with a diamond open access model.
Rabindranath Mukherjee
Rabindranath Mukherjee also known as R N Mukherjee (born 19 April 1953, at Tribeni, Hooghly, West Bengal, India) is an Indian former chemistry professor who is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy. He was former Director of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata

IIT Kanpur
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur or IITK) is a public institute of technology located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. As an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), it was declared an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Institutes of Technology Act. As of January 2025, at least 18 Padma Shri, 4 Padma Bhushan, 1 Padma Vibhushan, and 33 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients have been affiliated with IIT Kanpur as alumni or faculty members.
Boston Beach
Boston Beach is a coastal community on the north coast of the island of Jamaica, with a public beach which is one of the few beaches in Jamaica attracting surfers.  It is located nine miles east of the town of Port Antonio.

Port Antonio
Port Antonio (Jamaican Patois: Puot Antuoni) is the capital of the parish of Portland on the northeastern coast of Jamaica, about 100 km (60 miles) from Kingston. It had a population of 12,285 in 1982 and 13,246 in 1991. It is the island's third largest port, famous as a shipping point for bananas and coconuts, as well as one of its most important tourist attractions, tourism being a major contributor to the town's economy.
Kasetsart University
Kasetsart University (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์; RTGS: Mahawitthayalai Kasetsat; commonly Kaset or KU) is a public research university in Bangkok, Thailand. It is the largest university in Thailand.  It was Thailand's first agricultural university and Thailand's third oldest university.  It was established on 2 February 1943 to promote subjects related to agricultural science. Since then, Kasetsart University has expanded its subject areas to cover life sciences, science, engineering, social sciences, and humanities. Kasetsart University's main campus is in Bangkhen, northern Bangkok, with several other campuses throughout Thailand.

Pathum Wan district
Pathum Wan  (Thai: ปทุมวัน, pronounced [pā.tʰūm.wān]) is one of the fifty districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It lies just beyond the old city boundary of Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem and was a rural area on the eastern outskirts of the city when royal villas were built there in the late nineteenth century. The district was officially established in 1915, and covers an area of 8.37 square kilometres (3.23 sq mi). A large part of the district area is taken up by the campus of Chulalongkorn University and the green expanses of Lumphini Park and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club. By the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, the district had become known as the modern-day city centre, home to the prominent shopping areas of Siam and Ratchaprasong.
Four Marks
Four Marks is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 4.4 miles (7.1 km) southwest of Alton, on the A31 road. It is situated on the borders of the South Downs National Park on the Pilgrims' Way that leads from Winchester to Canterbury. It contains within it the medieval hamlets of Kitwood, Hawthorn and Lymington, although now the whole parish is relatively closely settled.

Farringdon, Hampshire
Farringdon is a civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 2.8 miles (4.5 km) south of Alton, on the A32 road, close to a source of the River Wey.

The village has two parts, the larger being Upper Farringdon. Lower Farringdon is on the Alton to Gosport road, the A32. The 2001 census predicted a population for Farringdon Parish by 2006 of 495, increasing to 664 at the 2011 Census.

The northern of the River Wey's two sources rises in countryside close to Farringdon (Grid Reference: SU707394).
Nihon Maru
The Nihon Maru, less commonly transliterated Nippon Maru and later renamed Tairyu Maru, was the personal ship of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and served as the Japanese navy's flagship during the Imjin War (1592–1598).

Stephen Turnbull (historian)
Stephen Richard Turnbull (born 6 February 1948) is a British historian concentrating on Japanese military history, especially the samurai period, and has published numerous books. He has worked as a historical consultant for the film 47 Ronin, as well multiple television documentaries, and the Shogun: Total War series of video games.
Nusser Island
Nusser Island (65°43′S 65°43′W﻿ / ﻿65.717°S 65.717°W﻿ / -65.717; -65.717) is an island 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) north of Laktionov Island, off the east side of Renaud Island in the Biscoe Islands. The island was first accurately shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 for Franz Nusser, an Austrian meteorologist who specialized in sea ice studies.

Laktionov Island
Laktionov Island is an island 4 km (2 nmi) long, lying 7 km (4 nmi) northeast of Jurva Point, Renaud Island, in the Biscoe Islands of Antarctica. It was first accurately shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. The island was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Aleksandr F. Laktionov (died 1965), a Soviet sea ice specialist in the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Leningrad, 1927–65, who became head of the Department of Oceanography, Ice Forecasting and River Mouths.