hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamunting Detention Centre
The Kamunting Detention Centre (KEMTA; Malay: Kem Tahanan Perlindungan Kamunting) is a prison camp in Kamunting, Larut, Matang and Selama District, Perak, Malaysia. The prison is used by the government to detain and interrogate persons arrested under the Internal Security Act (ISA). The detention is also known as Malaysia's Supermax prison or Maximum security prison. It is alleged that this is the site where the Malaysian authorities would hold up political prisoners. Among notable events which prompted widespread use of the ISA were Operation Lalang in 1987 and the years during the Reformasi movement, beginning 1999. The centre has also been used to detain other groups of people declared by the government to be a threat to national security such as terrorists and cults. Some notable groups detained in Kamunting includes the Al-Arqam cult and the Al-Ma'unah terrorist group.

Al-Ma'unah
Al-Ma'unah is an Islamic sect and spiritual militant group based in Malaysia. The group was made famous by their audacious raid on 2 July 2000 on a camp of Malaysian Army Reserve mobilised in the early hours of the morning and stealing weapons from the armory. The group was later cornered in the village of Sauk, Kuala Kangsar, Perak and was involved in a stand-off the against the Malaysian Army and Royal Malaysian Police forces. The stand-off, known as the Sauk Siege, ended when Malaysian security forces, including the army 22nd Grup Gerak Khas (22nd GGK) and police VAT 69 Pasukan Gerakan Khas, stormed the camp in Operation Dawn.
Great Northwest Showcase
The Great Northwest Showcase is a bi-annual men's ice hockey tournament hosted by Simon Fraser University of the BCIHL. The Great Northwest Showcase is meant to showcase collegiate hockey in the Vancouver area, and create a platform to showcase BCIHL players to a variety of scouts.

Oklahoma Sooners
The Oklahoma Sooners are the athletic teams that represent the University of Oklahoma, located in Norman. The 19 men's and women's varsity teams are called the "Sooners", a reference to a nickname given to the early participants in the Land Run of 1889, which initially opened the Unassigned Lands in the future state of Oklahoma to non-native settlement. The university's athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The university's current athletic director is Roger Denny.

The Sooners have won 45 team national championships.  In 2002, the University of Oklahoma was ranked as the third best college sports program in America by Sports Illustrated.
Lancaut
Lancaut is a deserted village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Tidenham, in the Forest of Dean district, in Gloucestershire, England, located alongside the River Wye, around two miles north of Chepstow.  It occupies a narrow-necked promontory formed by a curve of the river, which acts as the border between England and Wales. Little remains of the village today, except for the roofless church of St. James.

River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.
Erlenmoos
Erlenmoos (German pronunciation: [ˈɛʁlənmoːs]) is a municipality in the district Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is near Ochsenhausen. Its mayor is Mr. Marcus Schmid. Erlenmoos has about 1000 inhabitants. The villages of Edenbachen, Eichbühl and Oberstetten belong to Erlenmoos.
Erlenmoos used to belong to Ochsenhausen Abbey.

Ochsenhausen
Ochsenhausen (German pronunciation: [ɔksn̩ˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located between the city of Biberach and Memmingen. As of 2022 it has a population of 9,261. The mayor of the town is Philipp Bürkle.
Sandtorg Church
Sandtorg Church (Norwegian: Sandtorg kirke or Sørvik-kirka) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sørvika on the east side of the island of Hinnøya. It is one of the churches for the Sandtorg parish which is part of the Trondenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The red, wooden church was built in a long church design and a Swiss chalet style in 1933 using plans drawn up by the architect Sigurd Bjørhovde. The church seats about 250 people.

Hinnøya
Hinnøya (Norwegian; Northern Sami: Iinnasuolu) is the fourth-largest island in Norway, and the largest outside the Svalbard archipelago. The 2,204.7-square-kilometre (851.2 sq mi) lies just off the western coast of Northern Norway.  The island sits on the border of Nordland and Troms counties. The western part of the island is in the district of Vesterålen, the southwestern part is in the Lofoten district, the southeastern part is in the Ofoten district, and the northeastern part is in Troms. As of 2017, Hinnøya had a population of 32,688. The only town on the island is the town of Harstad. Some of the larger villages include Borkenes, Lødingen, Sigerfjord, and Sørvik. The island is split between several municipalities: Harstad, Tjeldsund and Kvæfjord in Troms county, as well as Andøy, Hadsel, Lødingen, Sortland, and Vågan in Nordland county.
Lily Fontaine
Lily Fontaine (born 17 October 1997) is an English singer-songwriter, instrumentalist, journalist, and the frontwoman of the indie rock band English Teacher. She was also previously a member of the band Eades.

Leeds Conservatoire
Leeds Conservatoire (formerly known as The Leeds Music Centre, the City of Leeds College of Music, and Leeds College of Music) is a higher education music conservatoire based in the Quarry Hill district of Leeds, England. It was founded in 1965 by Joseph Stones.

Aside from its education provision, which also includes short courses and programmes for adults and school-age musicians, Leeds Conservatoire hosts a seasonal programme of concerts, largely in its 350-seat auditorium 'The Venue'. In 2011, Leeds Conservatoire was awarded All-Steinway School status, becoming the only conservatoire in England to have 90% of its pianos from the Steinway family.

Leeds Conservatoire became a wholly owned subsidiary of Leeds City College in August 2011, and is now a member of the Luminate Education Group. In 2018, the conservatoire regained its status as a Higher Education Institution.
1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the Championship Series of the 1993 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 1993 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 5 April through 11 April 1993. Pete Sampras and Kimiko Date won the singles titles.

1993 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Ba Da Bing Records
Ba Da Bing Records is an American record label based in Brooklyn, New York. The name is derived from the saying "ba da bing, ba da boom", common among Italian-Americans, especially in New Jersey.

The label was founded in Leonia, New Jersey, in 1994 by Ben Goldberg. Goldberg ran the operation from a post office box while taking positions as a publicist for the independent labels Merge and Matador. In 2007, Goldberg moved the label's base to Brooklyn in the Fort Greene neighborhood.

One of the label's most successful acts is the group Beirut, whose debut album Ba Da Bing released in 2006.

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Steven Sherlock
Steven Sherlock (born 28 March 1997) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Cork Senior Championship club St Finbarr's and is a former member of the Cork senior football team. He usually lines out as a left corner-forward.

2016 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Under 21 Football Championship is an inter county football competition between 31 of the 32 counties of Ireland (Kilkenny did not participate). Provincial championships were held in Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster with the winners progressing to the All-Ireland semi-finals.

The competition was sponsored for the second time by EirGrid.
Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria
Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria is a type of pigmentation disorder of the skin. It is characterized by dark and light spots formed like lace in a generalized distribution.

Both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance have been reported with the disorder.

It has been associated with mutations in genes SASH1 and ABCB6.

It is a rare genodermatosis.

Pigmentation disorder
Pigmentation disorders are disturbances of human skin color. There may be a loss or reduction, which may be related to loss of melanocytes or the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or transport melanosomes correctly.

Most pigmentation disorders involve the underproduction or overproduction of melanin.
Interleukin-4 receptor
The interleukin 4 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer, that is, composed of two subunits. IL4R is the human gene coding for IL-4Rα, the subunit which combines with either common gamma chain (γc, forming the type I IL4 receptor) or with IL-13Rα1 (forming the type II IL4 receptor).

Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1
Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, also known as IL13RA1 and CD213A1 (cluster of differentiation 213A1), is a human gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor. This subunit forms a receptor complex with IL4 receptor alpha, a subunit shared by IL13 and IL4 receptors. This subunit serves as a primary IL13-binding subunit of the IL13 receptor, and may also be a component of IL4 receptors. This protein has been shown to bind tyrosine kinase TYK2, and thus may mediate the signaling processes that lead to the activation of JAK1, STAT3 and STAT6 induced by IL13 and IL4.

IL13RA1 expression has been linked to higher survival rates for lung cancer patients.
Minnesota Correctional Facility – Rush City
The Minnesota Correctional Facility – Rush City is a prison for men operated by the Minnesota Department of Corrections in Rush City, Chisago County, Minnesota.

Rush City is the state's newest prison, opened in January 2000. The $89 million project stands as the largest single structure in the county, employs about 350 workers, and at the ten-year mark in 2010 was reported to have met local expectations as a quiet and relatively well-run prison.

But in June 2010, 27-year-old inmate Xavius Scullark-Johnson died after a string of overnight seizures while held in Rush City, where he was denied emergency medical care.  In deteriorating health for months, he anticipated his own death in letters to his mother.  His family sued the Department of Corrections, the contracted health care provider Corizon, and the individuals involved.  The DOC agreed to settle the suit for $400,000 and promised additional training.

Minnesota Department of Corrections
The Minnesota Department of Corrections is a state law enforcement agency of Minnesota that operates prisons. Its headquarters is in St. Paul.

As of 2010, the state of Minnesota does not contract with private prisons.  The first and only private prison in the state, the Prairie Correctional Facility, was closed by its owner in 2010.
MessagePad
The MessagePad is a series of personal digital assistant devices developed by Apple Computer for the Newton platform, first released in 1993.  Some electronic engineering and the manufacture of Apple's MessagePad devices was undertaken in Japan by Sharp. The devices are based on the ARM 610 RISC processor, run Newton OS, and all feature handwriting recognition software. Alongside the MessagePad series, Apple also developed and released the eMate 300 Newton device.

PC Card
PC Card is a technical standard specifying an expansion card interface for laptops and PDAs. The PCMCIA originally introduced the 16-bit ISA-based PCMCIA Card in 1990, but renamed it to PC Card in March 1995 to avoid confusion with the name of the organization. The CardBus PC Card was introduced as a 32-bit version of the original PC Card, based on the PCI specification. CardBus slots are backward compatible, but older slots are not forward compatible with CardBus cards.

Although originally designed as a standard for memory-expansion cards for computer storage, the existence of a usable general standard for notebook peripherals led to the development of many kinds of devices including network cards, modems, and hard disks.

The PC Card port has been superseded by the ExpressCard interface since 2003, which was also initially developed by the PCMCIA. The organization dissolved in 2009, with its assets merged into the USB Implementers Forum.
Abraham Peak
Abraham Peak is a 2,000-foot (610 m) tall rock formation in Zion National Park in Washington County, Utah, United States. Access to Abraham Peak is from the main Park road through Sand Beach Trail. Abraham Peak is the tallest of the three peaks that make the Three Patriarchs. Across from Abraham Peak is prominent The Sentinel (7,120+ ft (2,170+ m), class 5).

The Sentinel (Zion National Park)
The Sentinel is a 7,120+ ft (2,170+ m) elevation Navajo Sandstone summit located near the Court of the Patriarchs in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States, that is part of the Towers of the Virgin. The national park map lists the elevation as 7,157-feet.
PRKY
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRKY is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKY gene.

This gene encodes a member of the cAMP-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase family. This gene is located on chromosome Y, near the boundary of the pseudoautosomal region. Abnormal recombination between this gene and a related gene on chromosome X is a frequent cause of XX males and XY females.

Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not be confused with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase).
2018 New Mexico elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of New Mexico on November 6, 2018. All of New Mexico's executive officers were up for election, as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of New Mexico's three seats in the United States House of Representatives.

New Mexico Senate
The New Mexico State Senate (Spanish: Senado de Nuevo México) is the upper house of the New Mexico State Legislature, the lower house being the New Mexico House of Representatives.The Senate consists of 42 members, with each senator representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state. All senatorial districts are divided to contain a population on average of 43,300 state residents. Members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms without term limits.

The Senate convenes at the New Mexico State Capitol building in Santa Fe.
Federal Identity Program
The Federal Identity Program (FIP, French: Programme de coordination de l'image de marque, PCIM) is the Government of Canada's corporate branding identity program. The purpose of the FIP is to provide to the public a consistent and unified image for federal government projects and activities. Other objectives of the program include facilitating public access to federal programs and services, promoting the equal status of the two official languages, and achieving better management of the federal identity. Managed by the Treasury Board Secretariat, this program, and the government's communication policy, help to shape the public image of the government. In general, logos – or, in the parlance of the policy, visual identifiers – used by government departments other than those specified in the FIP must be approved by the Treasury Board.

Logo
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; from Ancient Greek  λόγος (lógos) 'word, speech' and  τύπος (túpos) 'mark, imprint') is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name that it represents, as in a wordmark.

In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.
Sublime (philosophy)
In aesthetics, the sublime (from Latin  sublīmis 'uplifted, lofty, exalted, etc.; elevated, raised') is the quality of greatness, whether physical, moral, intellectual, metaphysical, aesthetic, spiritual, or artistic. The term especially refers to a greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement, or imitation. Since its first application in the field of rhetoric and drama in ancient Greece it became an important concept not just in philosophical aesthetics but also in literary theory and art history.

Numinous
Numinous (/ˈnjuːmɪnəs/) means "arousing spiritual or religious emotion; mysterious or awe-inspiring"; also "supernatural" or "appealing to the aesthetic sensibility." The term was given its present sense by the German theologian and philosopher Rudolf Otto in his influential 1917 German book The Idea of the Holy. He also used the phrase mysterium tremendum as another description for the phenomenon. Otto's concept of the numinous influenced thinkers including Carl Jung, Mircea Eliade, and C. S. Lewis. It has been applied to theology, psychology, religious studies, literary analysis, and descriptions of psychedelic experiences.
Jacobsthal number
In mathematics, the Jacobsthal numbers are an integer sequence named after the German mathematician Ernst Jacobsthal.  Like the related Fibonacci numbers, they are a specific type of Lucas sequence  for which P = 1, and Q = −2—and are defined by a similar recurrence relation: in simple terms, the sequence starts with 0 and 1, then each following number is found by adding the number before it to twice the number before that.  The first Jacobsthal numbers are:

0, 1, 1, 3, 5, 11, 21, 43, 85, 171, 341, 683, 1365, 2731, 5461, 10923, 21845, 43691, 87381, 174763, 349525, … (sequence A001045 in the OEIS)

A Jacobsthal prime is a Jacobsthal number that is also prime. The first Jacobsthal primes are:

3, 5, 11, 43, 683, 2731, 43691, 174763, 2796203, 715827883, 2932031007403, 768614336404564651, 201487636602438195784363, 845100400152152934331135470251, 56713727820156410577229101238628035243, … (sequence A049883 in the OEIS)

Integer sequence
In mathematics, an integer sequence is a sequence (i.e., an ordered list) of integers.

An integer sequence may be specified explicitly by giving a formula for its nth term, or implicitly by giving a relationship between its terms. For example, the sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... (the Fibonacci sequence) is formed by starting with 0 and 1 and then adding any two consecutive terms to obtain the next one: an implicit description (sequence A000045 in the OEIS). The sequence 0, 3, 8, 15, ... is formed according to the formula  for the nth term: an explicit definition.

Alternatively, an integer sequence may be defined by a property which members of the sequence possess and other integers do not possess. For example, we can determine whether a given integer is a perfect number, (sequence A000396 in the OEIS), even though we do not have a formula for the nth perfect number.
Outline of the Cold War
Cold War – period of political and military tension that occurred after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). Historians have not fully agreed on the dates, but 1947–1991 is common. It was termed as "cold" because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides. Based on the principle of mutually assured destruction, both sides developed nuclear weapons to deter the other side from attacking. So they competed against each other via espionage, propaganda, and by supporting major regional wars, known as proxy wars, in Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan.

Malta Summit
The Malta Summit was a meeting between United States President George H. W. Bush and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on December 2–3, 1989, just a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall. It followed a meeting that included Ronald Reagan in New York in December 1988. During the summit, Bush and Gorbachev declared an end to the Cold War, although whether it was truly such is a matter of debate. News reports of the time referred to the Malta Summit as one of the most important since World War II, when British prime minister Winston Churchill, Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt agreed on a post-war plan for Europe at the Yalta Conference.
Chicago Police Department
The Chicago Police Department (CPD) is the primary law enforcement agency of the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, under the jurisdiction of the Chicago City Council. It is the second-largest municipal police department in the United States, behind the New York City Police Department. As of 2025 CPD had 11,554 sworn officers on duty, and has 124 units. Tracing its roots to 1835, the Chicago Police Department is one of the oldest modern police departments in the world.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (in case citations, N.D. Ill.)  is the federal trial court with jurisdiction over the northern counties of Illinois. It is one of the busiest federal trial courts in the United States, with famous cases including those of Al Capone and the Chicago Eight.

Appeals from the Northern District of Illinois are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States attorney for the district, representing the United States in litigation in the court, is Andrew S. Boutros since April 7, 2025.