hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Awaran Tehsil
Awaran is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Awaran District in southern Balochistan, Pakistan. It spans an area of approximately 13,075 square kilometres (5,048 sq mi). In 2023, the tehsil's population stood at 45,774, dispersed across 59 settlements. Nearly two-thirds of its inhabitants reside in the tehsil's administrative centre Awaran town.

Awaran District
Awaran District (Balochi and Urdu: ضلع آواران), is a district in the southern part of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is part of the Kalat division.

It was created as a separate district on 11 November 1992; previously it was a sub-division of Khuzdar District. It is considered one of the poorest districts in the province.

Awaran district is bordered by Gwadar to its south, Lasbela to its east, Kech and Panjgur to its west, Khuzdar to its north east and Washuk to its north west.
Regentog
Regentog (Persian: رگنتگ) is a village in, and the capital of, Birk Rural District of Birk District, Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chahuk.

Birk District
Birk District (Persian: بخش بیرک) is in Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chahuk, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,320 people in 311 households.
Vanylven Church
Vanylven Church (Norwegian: Vanylven kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vanylven Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Slagnes, on the shore of the Vanylvsfjorden. It is the church for the Vanylven parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, plastered brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1864 using plans drawn up by the architect Georg Andreas Bull. The church seats about 320 people.

Vanylven Municipality
Vanylven is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Fiskå. Other villages in the municipality include Åheim, Åram, Rovdane, Eidså, Slagnes, and Syvde.

The 385-square-kilometre (149 sq mi) municipality is the 240th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vanylven Municipality is the 228th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,026. The municipality's population density is 7.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (20/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Sidamo Province
Sidamo Province (Amharic: ሲዳሞ) was a province in the southern part of Ethiopia, with its capital city at Irgalem, and after 1978 at Awasa. It was named after an ethnic group native to southern Ethiopia, called the Sidama, who are located in the south-central part of the country.

According to the old political division, Sidamo was bordered on the west by Gamu-Gofa, on the north by Shewa, on the north and east by Bale, a small portion on the southeast by Somalia, and on the south by Kenya.

Shewa
Shewa (Amharic: ሸዋ; Oromo: Shawaa;  Somali: Shawa; Arabic: شيوا, Italian: Scioà), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa, is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The modern Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa is located at its center.

The towns of Debre Berhan, Antsokia, Ankober, Entoto and, after Shewa became a province of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa have all served as the capital of Shewa at various times. Most of northern Shewa, made up of the districts of Menz, Tegulet, Yifat, Menjar and Bulga, is populated by Christian Amharas, while southern Shewa is inhabited by the Gurages and eastern Shewa has large Oromo and Argobba Muslim populations. The monastery of Debre Libanos, founded by Saint Tekle Haymanot, is located in the ancient district of Selale. Modern Shewa includes the historical Endagabatan province.
Jiang Ziwen
Jiang Ziwen (traditional Chinese: 蔣子文; simplified Chinese: 蒋子文; pinyin: Jiǎng Zǐwén) was a wei of Moling (modern Nanjing) county in China during the Eastern Han dynasty.

Originally from Guangling, now a district of Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, he became addicted to wine and women, but was nonetheless recognized for his unusual phrenology. In the course of putting down an insurrection, he was killed by a blow to the forehead.

During the Three Kingdoms era, people repeatedly reported encountering his spirit, so that Sun Quan called him the God of Bell Mountain (鐘山山神; 钟山山神; Zhōngshān Shānshén), a peak near Nanjing which was then also known as Jiangshan (蔣山).

Following the introduction of Buddhism to China and the popularization of its king of the dead Yama, Jiang was placed in charge of the first of the ten courts in underworld as the Qinguang King (秦廣王蔣; 秦广王蒋; Qínguǎng Wáng Jiǎng).

Buddhism in China
Buddhism is followed by more than 40 million people in China, accounting for around 4% of the country's population. There are three main Buddhist branches there; Han or Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Theravada Buddhism. There is no definitive answer to the time when Buddhism was first introduced to China, but it is generally believed that this occurred around the time of the Han dynasty.
1992 Banespa Open
The 1992 Banespa Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Hotel Transamerica in São Paulo, Brazil that was part of the World Series category of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and took place from 9 November through 15 November 1992. Sixth-seeded Luiz Mattar won the singles title.

1992 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation, ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Tanawal Tehsil
Tanawal is a tehsil (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. In December 2022 it was created as the sixth tehsil of Mansehra. Shergarh Fort is located in Tanawal. In May 2024 the tehsil was still awaiting government staff after the caretaker government under Anwaar ul Haq Kakar had withheld action.

Mansehra District
Mansehra District (Urdu, Hindko: ضلع مانسہرہ) is a district in the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Pakistan. The city of Mansehra serves as the headquarters of the district.

Mansehra was established as an independent district in 1976. It was previously a tehsil within the broader Hazara District. In 1993, a former subdivision of Mansehra, Battagram, was separated as an independent district. Similarly, in 2011, another subdivision of Mansehra, Kala Dhaka, was separated which is now known as Torghar District.

The area comprising present-day Mansehra District historically consisted of two regions: Pakhal, known as the country of the Swati tribe, and Tanawal, the territory of the Tanoli tribe. According to revenue records, historical accounts, and British gazetteers, following the conquest of Pakhal from the Turks in 1703, Swati clans settled across the region, establishing ownership of nearly all villages in the district.
Bottleneck traveling salesman problem
The Bottleneck traveling salesman problem (bottleneck TSP) is a problem in discrete or combinatorial optimization.  The problem is to find the Hamiltonian cycle (visiting each node exactly once) in a weighted graph which minimizes the weight of the highest-weight edge of the cycle. It was first formulated by Gilmore & Gomory (1964) with some additional constraints, and in its full generality by Garfinkel & Gilbert (1978).

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Brachyptera berkii
Brachyptera berkii is a taeniopterygid stonefly found in western Turkey and Crete. The adult specimens of this species are no more than 12 mm in length and brown in colouration, sometimes with V-shaped patterns in between the antennae. Its species name honours Ongun Berk, the son of Nilgün Kazancı from Hacettepe University, who in 2000 collected and first described specimens of the species in northwestern Turkey near Bursa.

Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopterygidae are a family of stone flies with about 110 described extant species. They are commonly called willowflies or winter stoneflies and have a holarctic distribution. Adults are usually smaller than 15 mm.
Nikon D7200
The Nikon D7200 is a 24-megapixel APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera announced by Nikon on March 2, 2015. It started shipping on March 19.  The D7200 was superseded by the Nikon D7500, announced on April 12, 2017.

Raw image format
A camera raw image file is a file that contains unprocessed data straight from a digital camera. Such data can later be changed into a photo, either within a digital camera itself or by usage of external tools. Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed, and contain large amounts of potentially redundant data. Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter, in a wide-gamut internal color space where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable photos for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of raw formats in use by different manufacturers of digital image capture equipment.
Natron (software)
Natron is a free and open-source node-based compositing application. It has been influenced by digital compositing software such as Avid Media Illusion, Apple Shake, Blackmagic Fusion, Autodesk Flame and Nuke, from which its user interface and many of its concepts are derived.

Natron supports plugins following the OpenFX 1.4 API. Most open-source and commercial OpenFX plug-ins are supported.

Autodesk Media and Entertainment
Autodesk Media and Entertainment is a division of Autodesk which offers animation and visual effects products, and was formed by the combination of multiple acquisitions. In 2018, the company began operating
as a single operating segment and reporting unit.
C.D. Águila records and statistics
C.D. Aguila is a Salvadoran professional association football club based in San Miguel. The club was formed in and played its first competitive match on July 27, 1958 when it played its first season in the Primera División. Aguila currently plays in the Primera División, the top tier of El Salvador football, and is one of three clubs, including Alianza F.C. and C.D. FAS, never to have been relegated from the league.

C.D. Titán
Club Deportivo Titán is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Texistepeque, Santa Ana Department, El Salvador.

The club currently participates in the Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño. Their home stadium is Cancha Sandoval.
Pablo Sarabia
Pablo Sarabia García (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo saˈɾaβja ɣaɾˈθi.a]; born 11 May 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Qatar Stars League club Al-Arabi. Mainly an attacking midfielder, he can also play as a right winger.

After playing youth football with Real Madrid, he went on to represent Getafe and Sevilla in La Liga, amassing totals of 232 matches and 36 goals over eight seasons. In July 2019, he signed with French club Paris Saint-Germain, where he would win three Ligue 1 titles and finish as runner-up in the 2020 Champions League, also being loaned to Sporting CP for one year. He joined Wolverhampton Wanderers in January 2023.

Sarabia was a former Spanish youth international. He made his senior debut in 2019, representing the side at Euro 2020 and the 2022 World Cup.

2021–22 Taça da Liga
The 2021–22 Taça da Liga was the fifteenth edition of the Taça da Liga (also known as Allianz Cup for sponsorship reasons), a football league cup competition organised by the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and contested exclusively by clubs competing in the top two professional tiers of Portuguese football – the Primeira Liga and the LigaPro. It began on 26 July 2021 and concluded with the final in Leiria on 29 January 2022.

Sporting CP were the holders and three-time winners, after beating Braga 1–0 in the 2021 final, and they won their fourth title after defeating Benfica 2–1 in the 2022 final.
Generalized renewal process
In the mathematical theory of probability, a generalized renewal process (GRP)  or G-renewal process is a stochastic point process used to model failure/repair behavior of repairable systems in reliability engineering. Poisson point process is a particular case of GRP.

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
2013 Open Saint-Gaudens Midi-Pyrénées – Doubles
Vesna Dolonc and Irina Khromacheva were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both players chose not to defend their title. Dolonc played instead at the 2013 Sparta Prague Open.

Julia Glushko and Paula Ormaechea won the title, defeating Stéphanie Dubois and Kurumi Nara in the final, 7–5, 7–6(13–11).

2013 Sparta Prague Open
The 2013 Sparta Prague Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money. It took place in Prague, Czech Republic, from 13 to 19 May 2013.
Dolly Alderton
Dolly Alderton (born 31 August 1988) is a British author and screenwriter. She is also columnist for The Sunday Times. Her memoir Everything I Know About Love won a 2018 National Book Award for autobiography and was shortlisted for the 2019 Non-Fiction Narrative Book of the Year in the British Book Awards, and adapted into a BBC/Peacock eponymous television drama series. She also wrote the upcoming 2026 TV adaption of Pride and Prejudice.

Working Title Films
Working Title Films Limited, formerly Visionensure Limited and Working Title Limited, is a British film and television production company that is a subsidiary of NBCUniversal, which is itself a division of Comcast. The company was founded by Tim Bevan and Sarah Radclyffe in 1983. Bevan and Eric Fellner are now the co-chairmen of the company.
Amlodipine/valsartan
Amlodipine/valsartan, sold under the brand name Exforge among others, is a blood pressure lowering combination drug. It contains amlodipine, as the besilate, a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. This combination is usually well tolerated and effective for the reduction of blood pressure.

The combination was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2007, and in the United States in June 2007.

The combination is also available with hydrochlorothiazide. It was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2009, and in the European Union in November 2009. The combination of amlodipine/valsartan with hydrochlorothiazide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and sodium retention effects of renin–angiotensin system.

Their main uses are in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure. They selectively block the activation of the AT1 receptor, preventing the binding of angiotensin II compared to ACE inhibitors.

ARBs and the similar-attributed ACE inhibitors are both indicated as the first-line antihypertensives in patients developing hypertension along with left-sided heart failure. However, ARBs appear to produce fewer adverse effects compared to ACE inhibitors.
Shiravand, Rumeshkan
Shiravand (Persian: شيراوند), also Romanized as Shīrāvand, is a village in Suri Rural District of Suri District, Rumeshkhan County, Lorestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 57 families.

Iran portal

Suri District
Suri District (Persian: بخش سوري) is in Rumeshkan County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Suri. The district has a total of 19 villages. Mount Vyznhar (Vznyar), the highest mountain in the county, is located in Suri District. On its slopes are the ruins of Kohzad Castle.
Wild Thing (Valleyfair)
Wild Thing is a hypercoaster located at Valleyfair. It is an out and back roller coaster with more than one mile (1.6 km) of track. Its first hill is 207 feet (63 m) with a 60 degree drop, and the roller coaster reaches speeds of up to 74 mph (119 km/h). Wild Thing's height was set by the Federal Aviation Administration due to the nearby presence of Flying Cloud Airport.

Designed and manufactured by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, it was the first hypercoaster to be built by the company, opening in 1996. It was the 5th tallest coaster in the world when it opened. The ride's success led to the construction of Steel Force at Dorney Park in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1997 and Mamba at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri the next year.

Steel Force
Steel Force is a steel roller coaster located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania. At 5,600 feet (1,700 m) in length, Steel Force is tied with Mamba at Worlds of Fun as the ninth-longest steel coaster in the world as of 2026.

Built by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing and designed by Steve Okamoto, the roller coaster opened to the public on May 30, 1997, and was billed as "the tallest and longest roller coaster on the east coast", featuring a 205-foot (62 m) drop, 5,600 feet (1,700 m) of track, and a maximum speed of 75 mph (121 km/h).
1838 Stamford by-election
The 1838 Stamford by-election was held on 1 May 1838, when the incumbent Conservative MP Thomas Chaplin resigned. The by-election was won by the Conservative Party candidate George Clerk, who stood unopposed.

Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)
Stamford was a constituency in the county of Lincolnshire of the House of Commons for the Parliament of England to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868 when this was reduced to one.
Minto Heights, New South Wales
Minto Heights is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 50 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown. It is part of the Macarthur region.

City of Campbelltown (New South Wales)
The City of Campbelltown is a local government area in the Macarthur region of south-western Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. The area is located about 55 kilometres (34 mi) south west of the Sydney central business district and comprises 312 square kilometres (120 sq mi).

The mayor of the City of Campbelltown is Cr. Darcy Lound, a member of the Labor Party.
Nirex
Nirex was a United Kingdom body set up in 1982 by the UK nuclear industry to examine safe, environmental and economic aspects of deep geological disposal of intermediate-level and low-level radioactive waste (LLRW).

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom. The department is responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for cooperation, between it and the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, which have devolved responsibilities for these matters in their respective nations.

Defra also leads for the United Kingdom on agricultural, fisheries and environmental matters in international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change, although a new Department of Energy and Climate Change was created on 3 October 2008 to take over the last responsibility; later transferred to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister in July 2016.
Verbascum sinuatum
Verbascum sinuatum, commonly known as the scallop-leaved mullein, the wavyleaf mullein, or Candela regia, is a species of perennial herbaceous plants in the genus Verbascum (mullein), growing in heavy soils in Central Asia and the Mediterranean region. It grows to 1.2–1.5 m (3.9–4.9 ft). The plant has an erect inflorescence stem, and is entirely covered with  stellate hairs (trichomes) which are not pleasant to the touch.

Verbascum
Verbascum is a genus of over 450 species of flowering plants, common name mullein (/ˈmʌlɪn/), in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.

Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.
Jacob Woodruff House
The Jacob Woodruff House is a two-story octagonal house constructed of concrete walls, featuring a large, windowed cupola, and metal roof. It is located in Ripon in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Jacob Woodruff was a member of and the librarian for the Wisconsin Phalanx in 1846, a communal society based on the philosophy of Charles Fourier, a French socialist.

Octagon house
Octagon houses are eight-sided houses that were popular in the United States and Canada mostly in the 1850s. They are characterized by an octagonal (eight-sided) plan and often feature a flat roof and a veranda that encircles the house. Their unusual shape and appearance, quite different from the ornate pitched-roof houses typical of the period, can generally be traced to the influence of amateur architect and lifestyle pundit Orson Squire Fowler. Although there are other octagonal houses worldwide, the term octagon house usually refers to octagonal houses built in North America during this period, and up to the early 20th century.