hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multipurpose Assault Craft
The Multi-Purpose Assault Craft (MPAC) is a type of fast attack assault craft developed for the Philippine Navy. Originally designed to transport troops at a high speed and then land them on the beach, they have since expanded their roles to include interdiction, surface warfare, and search and rescue.

A total of 42 boats are planned to be built by the Navy of which 12 have been completed as of September 2019. The Mk 3 version of the MPAC are the first boats in the history of the Philippine Navy to be officially armed with missiles.

Patikul
Patikul, officially the Municipality of Patikul (Tausūg: Kawman sin Patikul; Filipino: Bayan ng Patikul), is a municipality in the province of Sulu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 79,564 people. The provincial capitol and offices are located in this municipality.

The municipality is used to be known for being a stronghold of the Abu Sayyaf insurgent group.
Independence 20
The Independence 20, also called the Freedom Independence 20, is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull as a class for disabled sailors and first built in 1999. The design is out of production.

The Independence 20 shares the same hull as the Catalina Yachts-built Aero 20.

Trailer sailer
A trailer sailer is a keelboat that is big enough to accommodate crew for a weekend cruise, yet small enough to be launched, rigged, and recovered single-handed. It is also relatively easy to haul on a trailer behind a car, which requires low displacement and a shallow draft.

Although many small yachts can in principle be moved on a trailer, not all qualify as trailer sailers. The term is generally reserved for cabin sailboats intended for regular ramp launching. It does not apply to dinghies or small open keelboats under about 19 feet, since these are almost always easy to tow due to their characteristic light weight and shallow draft.
Almonesson, New Jersey
Almonesson is an unincorporated community located within Deptford Township, Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is accessible by Route 41, Route 42, Route 55, County Route 534, and County Route 544. The Deptford Mall is located just north of the center of Almonesson.

Almonesson Lake is a large lake in the community, which at one time produced significant amounts of ice each winter. The name Almonesson derives from a Native American name meaning "young fox place".

Deptford Mall
Deptford Mall is a major shopping mall in Deptford Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey. Owned and managed by Macerich, it is the county's only indoor regional shopping center.

The mall is anchored by Boscov's, Dick's Sporting Goods, JCPenney, Macy's, and Round 1 Entertainment. The mall has over 125 stores. It is located off of Route 42 and Route 55 at County Route 544. The mall has a gross leasable area of 1,040,000 sq ft (97,000 m2), making it the largest mall in the Gloucester County region and placing it in the top eleven among the largest shopping malls in New Jersey.
Bulleid Firth Brown wheel
The Bulleid Firth Brown wheel (BFB) was a locomotive wheel developed for the Southern Railway in the late 1930s. It was a disc wheel, in contrast to the usual spoked wheels in general use on British railways. The wheel was designed by Oliver Bulleid and developed by the steel company Firth Brown of Sheffield.

Spoke
A spoke is one of some number of rods radiating from the center of a wheel (the hub where the axle connects), connecting the hub with the round traction surface.

The term originally referred to portions of a log that had been riven (split lengthwise) into four or six sections. The radial members of a wagon wheel were made by carving a spoke (from a log) into their finished shape. A spokeshave is a tool originally developed for this purpose. Eventually, the term spoke was more commonly applied to the finished product of the wheelwright's work than to the materials they used.
Leucadendron levisanus
Leucadendron levisanus, commonly known as the Cape flats conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape, where it occurs in the Cape Flats from Vishoek to Eerste River and Mamre. The shrub grows 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall and bears flowers in October.

Fire destroys the plant but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a toll on the female plant and are released where they fall to the ground and are possibly spread by the wind. The plant is unisexual and there are male and female plants. Insects do the pollination. The plant grows mainly in sandy soil at altitudes of 0 to 100 m (0 to 328 ft).

Leucadendron
Leucadendron is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, endemic to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where they are a prominent part of the fynbos ecoregion and vegetation type.
John Hynes (ice hockey)
John Hynes (born February 10, 1975) is an American professional ice hockey coach who is the head coach for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously served as head coach of the New Jersey Devils and Nashville Predators.

USA Hockey National Team Development Program
The United States National Team Development Program (NTDP)  represents the United States in the IIHF World U18 Championship. Additionally the team plays domestically against opponents in the United States Hockey League (under-17 and under-18 teams), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (under-18 team), and other international tournaments. The program was started in 1996 by USA Hockey as a way to identify elite ice hockey players under the age of 18, and centralize their training. There are two teams in the program: under-17 and under-18. Both teams are based in Plymouth, Michigan.
Mississippi High School 8-3A Division
Division 8-3A is a high school athletic conference under The Mississippi High School Athletics Association. It comprises teams in the Southeastern Region of the State of Mississippi.  Numerous sports are played in this division, including football, baseball, basketball, softball, tennis, and golf.  The teams of all MHSAA divisions can be found at the MHSAA web site.

Mississippi High School Activities Association
The Mississippi High School Activities Association (MHSAA) is the official sanctioning body of all public and some private junior high and high school academic and athletic competitions in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a non-profit organization and is headquartered in Clinton, Mississippi. The MHSAA is a member of the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).
Triumph Speed Triple
The Triumph Speed Triple is a series of motorcycles produced by Triumph Motorcycles. The 1994 Hinckley Triumph was one of the first motorcycles produced in the streetfighter style (a modern sport bike or race replica motorcycle without an aerodynamic plastic fairing). The style originated with bikers who, having crashed their race replicas, put the bikes back on the road without fairing, and has since become popularised.

Triumph Motorcycles Ltd
Triumph Motorcycles Ltd is the largest UK-owned motorcycle manufacturer, established in 1983 by John Bloor after the original company Triumph Engineering went into receivership. The new company, initially called Bonneville Coventry Ltd, continued Triumph's lineage of motorcycle production since 1902. They have major manufacturing facilities in Thailand.

During the 12 months preceding June 2017, Triumph sold 63,400 motorcycles.

In 2024, Triumph introduced their first ever off-road motorcycle, the Motocross racer TF 250-X.
2021 Bali earthquake
The 2021 Bali earthquake struck at 04:18 local time (UTC+08:00) when people were still sleeping on 15 October 2021. It resulted in 4 deaths and 73 more injured, despite having a moment magnitude of 4.7.

Focal mechanism
The focal mechanism of an earthquake describes the deformation in the source region that generates the seismic waves. In the case of a fault-related event, it refers to the orientation of the fault plane that slipped, and the slip vector and is also known as a fault-plane solution. Focal mechanisms are derived from a solution of the moment tensor for the earthquake, which itself is estimated by an analysis of observed seismic waveforms. The focal mechanism can be derived from observing the pattern of "first motions", whether the first arriving P waves break up or down. This method was used before waveforms were recorded and analysed digitally, and this method is still used for earthquakes too small for easy moment tensor solution. Focal mechanisms are now mainly derived using semi-automatic analysis of the recorded waveforms.
Bere Island
Bere Island or Bear Island (Irish: Oiléan Béarra, although officially called An tOileán Mór meaning "the big island") is an island in Bantry Bay off the Beara Peninsula in County Cork, Ireland. It spans roughly 10 km x 3 km, with an area of 17.68 km2 and, as of the 2022 census, had a population of 218 people.

Legend says that the island was named by a 2nd-century king of Munster, Mogh Nuadat, in honour of his wife, Beara, the daughter of Heber Mór, King of Castile.

Martello tower
A Martello tower is a type of small defensive fort that was built across the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the French Revolutionary Wars onwards. Most were for coastal defense.

A Martello tower stands up to 40 feet (12 m) high, with two floors and a typical garrison of one officer and 15–25 men. The round structure and thick solid masonry walls made it resistant to cannon fire, while its height made it an ideal platform for a single heavy artillery piece, mounted on the flat roof and able to traverse over a complete 360 degrees. A few towers had moats or other batteries and works attached for extra defence.

The Martello tower was used during the first half of the 19th century, but became obsolete with the introduction of powerful rifled artillery. Many have survived to the present day, often preserved as historic monuments.
Viseh
Viseh (Persian: ویسه) is the son of Zadashm  and grandson of Tur in the Shahnameh. He was the father of Piran and Lieutenant General, and was involved in consultations with the Iranians. After winning the Iran-Turan war, Afrasiab sent him to Pars to take over the royal family of Nowzar.

Afrasiab
In Iranian legend, Afrasiab (Persian: افراسياب afrāsiyāb;  Middle Persian: Frāsiyāv, Frāsiyāk), also known as Fraŋrasyan, is the king and hero of Turan in Iranian national history. He is the main antagonist of the Iranians in the Persian epic Shahnameh, written by Ferdowsi.
International Arts and Entertainment Alliance
The International Arts and Entertainment Alliance (IAEA) is a global union federation (GUF) representing trade unions of performers and technicians in the music and audiovisual sectors.

The alliance has three sections: the International Federation of Actors (FIA), the International Federation of Musicians (FIM), and the Media, Entertainment and Arts section of the UNI Global Union (UNI-MEI).  Trade unions affiliate to the appropriate section; 90 unions hold membership of the International Federation of Actors, and 70 unions hold membership of the International Federation of Musicians.

In 2007, the alliance joined the Council of Global Unions.

Global Unions
Global Unions or Council of Global Unions is a website, which is jointly owned and managed by the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD, and ten global union federations (GUFs).
Josip Torbar (politician, born 1922)
Josip Torbar (24 June 1922 – 6 July 2013) was a Croatian politician.

Torbar was born in Zagreb and obtained his doctorate at the University of Zagreb Faculty of Law. He left Yugoslavia after communism was instituted following World War II, and lived in South America, the US and later in Rome. In 1980 he was elected vice-president of the central committee of the Croatian Peasant Party. After the death of Juraj Krnjević in 1988, he served as president of the central committee until 1991. Torbar returned to Croatia in 1993, and was named an honorary president of the Croatian Peasant Party in 1996. He was elected to the Croatian Parliament in the 2000 elections. He was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 2002 to 2004.

Juraj Krnjević
Juraj Krnjević (19 February 1895 – 9 January 1988) was a Croatian politician who was among the leaders of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS). He was the party's General Secretary since 1928 and President since 1964. He also served as the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Post, Telegraph and Telephone of Yugoslavia between 1942 and 1943.
La Academia 6: Última Generación
La Academia Última Generación is the last generation of La Academia, according to its producer Eva Borja. Auditions were held in many cities across Mexico, Guatemala and the United States in July. The program was broadcast on Televisión Azteca for 16 weeks from August 31 to December 14, 2008.

The headmaster of La Academia  is Héctor Martinez, the same of the first two generations. The teachers are almost the same of the first generation, the host is Rafael Araneda from Chile, 20 is the number of contestants who are competing in the last generation of La Academia. The finale was on December 14, 2008, where the six generations sang all together closing the show and the reality forever. The winner was 21-year-old Maria Fernanda Alvo from Guadalajara, Fabiola Rodas from Guatemala was the runner-up, Luis Armando Lozano was 3rd place, Valeria Dessens 4th place and Perla Estrada was 5th.

La India
Linda Bell Viera Caballero (born March 9, 1969), known professionally as La India, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter of salsa, house music and Latin pop. La India has been nominated for both Grammy and Latin Grammy Awards, winning the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album for the Intensamente La India Con Canciones De Juan Gabriel album.
Alon Blue Square
Alon Blue Square (Hebrew: אלון רבוע כחול, Alon Ribu'a Kahol), formerly Blue Square, is a private Israeli holding company, owned by Moti Ben-Moshe, and based in Yakum. It was founded as a retail chain, but subsequently branched out into real estate and other fields.

Hamashbir Lazarchan
Hamashbir Lazarchan (Hebrew: המשביר לצרכן) is an Israeli chain of department stores. Hamashbir consists of 33 branches across the country.

It is distinct from its predecessors, the consumer cooperative Hamashbir (1916–1930), reorganised as the wholesale supplier Hamashbir Hamerkazi in 1930. The original Hamashbir was set up with the goal of supplying the Jewish communities of Palestine with food at affordable prices during the shortage years of the First World War.
Glauber multiple scattering theory
The Glauber multiple scattering theory
is a framework developed by Roy J. Glauber to describe the scattering of particles off composite targets, such as nuclei, in terms of multiple interactions between the probing particle and the individual constituents of the target. It is widely used in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and hadronic physics, where quantum coherence effects and multiple scatterings are significant.

Eikonal approximation
In theoretical physics, the eikonal approximation (Greek εἰκών for likeness, icon or image) is an approximative method useful in wave scattering equations, which occur in optics, seismology, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and partial wave expansion.
Spearhead Glacier
The Spearhead Glacier is the largest glacier on the Spearhead Range, located on the opposite, northeast side of that range from the resort town of Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, and is serviced in part by the lift system of the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort.  The glacier's apex is at the peak known as The Spearhead, which also lies at the head of the Blackcomb Glacier.

Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a resort municipality in Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains, approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north of Vancouver and 36 km (22 mi) south of Pemberton. It has a permanent population of approximately 13,982 (2021), and 3,241 seasonal residents (estimated).

Over two million people visit Whistler annually, primarily for alpine skiing and snowboarding and, in the summer, mountain biking at Whistler Blackcomb. Its pedestrian village has won numerous design awards, and Whistler has been voted among the top destinations in North America by major ski magazines since the mid-1990s. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Whistler hosted most of the alpine, Nordic, luge, skeleton, and bobsled events.
Prehistoric Southern Africa
The prehistory of Southern Africa spans from the earliest human presence in the region until the emergence of the Iron Age in Southern Africa. In 1,000,000 BP, hominins controlled fire at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa. Ancestors of the Khoisan may have expanded from East Africa or Central Africa into Southern Africa before 150,000 BP, possibly as early as before 260,000 BP. Prehistoric West Africans may have diverged into distinct ancestral groups of modern West Africans and Bantu-speaking peoples in Cameroon, and, subsequently, around 5000 BP, the Bantu-speaking peoples migrated into other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., Central African Republic, African Great Lakes, South Africa).

Haplogroup L3
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.

It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
It is inherited by all modern non-African populations, as well as by some populations in Africa.
Payo Ji Maine Ram Ratan Dhan Payo
Payo Ji Maine Ram Ratan Dhan Payo (transl. I have attained the treasure of God's name) is a Rajasthani language poem by 15th- century Indian poet Mirabai. In this poem, Mirabai says that she attains a great wealth of God's name. The poem was popularized by Indian singer, D. V. Paluskar, and later also by  Lata Mangeshkar (1929–2022).

Rajasthani languages
The Rajasthani languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India and Bahawalpur division of Pakistani Punjab and the adjacent areas of Sindh. They have also reached different corners of India, especially eastern and southern parts, due to the migrations of people of the Marwari community who use them for internal communication. Rajasthani languages are also spoken to a lesser extent in Nepal, where they are spoken by 25,394 people according to the 2011 Census of Nepal.

The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari.: 441
2005 Pacific Women's Handball Cup
The 2005 Women's Pacific Handball Cup was held in Sydney, Australia between May 25 and 27, 2005.

The competition participants host Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, and New Caledonia.

Hosts Australia were the winners and undefeated all tournament. The next three teams were separated by goal difference only with New Caledonia claiming second Tahiti third and New Zealand fourth.

Pacific Handball Cup
The Pacific Handball Cup is the official competition for senior national handball teams of Oceania, where dependent territories of other countries such as New Caledonia, Tahiti and Wallis and Futuna (France); American Samoa and Guam (United States); and the Marshall Islands, who are ineligible for International Handball Federation (IHF) world championship events, compete against Oceania nations. This is organised by the Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF).
1925 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1925 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 31st staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Croom were the defending champions.

Newcastle West won the championship after a 3–02 to 1–02 defeat of Bruffs in the final. It was second championship title overall and their first title 1917. It remains their last championship triumph.

1924 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1924 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Young Irelands were the defending champions.

Croom won the championship after a 6–03 to 2–01 defeat of Fedamore in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1919.
Singular matrix
A singular matrix is a square matrix that is not invertible, unlike non-singular matrix which is invertible. Equivalently, an -by- matrix  is singular if and only if determinant, . In classical linear algebra, a matrix is called non-singular (or invertible) when it has an inverse; by definition, a matrix that fails this criterion is singular. In more algebraic terms, an -by- matrix A is singular exactly when its columns (and rows) are linearly dependent, so that the linear map  is not one-to-one.

In this case the kernel (null space) of A is non-trivial (has dimension ≥1), and the homogeneous system  admits non-zero solutions. These characterizations follow from standard rank-nullity and invertibility theorems: for a square matrix A,  if and only if , and  if and only if .

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
Kosta Šumenković
Kosta Šumenković (Serbian: Коста Шуменковић; 1829–1905), was a Serbian activist, a merchant by trade, who notably founded the Society of St. Sava with Svetomir Nikolajević. He was a veteran of the Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878) and the Serbian-Bulgarian War, and was the recipient of numerous medals and orders.

Nahiye (Ottoman)
The nahiye or nahiya (Ottoman Turkish: ناحیه, from Arabic: nāḥiya) was an administrative division in the Ottoman Empire, a sub-district including several villages, being the smallest administrative unit of a sanjak, below that of the kaza. The governor of the nahiye was titled mütesellim, until its abolishment in 1842.
2025 Hamburg referendums
Two referendums were held on 12 October 2025 in the German city-state of Hamburg. The citizens of Hamburg were able to vote on two proposed laws that were initiated via popular initiative: "Law on the Implementation of a Basic Income Pilot Program in the State of Hamburg" by the initiative Hamburg testet Grundeinkommen (lit. "Hamburg tests universal basic income") and the "Law for better climate protection" (Klimaschutzverbesserungsgesetz) by the initiative Hamburger Zukunftsentscheid (lit. "Hamburg future initiative").

2015 Hamburg Olympics referendum
A referendum on hosting the 2024 Summer Olympics was held in Hamburg and Kiel on 29 November 2015. The proposal was rejected by 51.6% of voters in Hamburg, although it was approved by 66% of voters in Kiel.