hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mshanets, Bila rural hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Mshanets (Ukrainian: Мшане́ць) is a  village in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast of Western Ukraine. From 1975 to 1990 the village was called Peremozhne. It belongs to Bila rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The area of the village is 1,625 km2 and it has a population of 728 people. The local government is the Mshanetska village council, and includes the villages Ditkivtsi, Homivka and farmstead Manyuky.

Bila rural hromada
Bila rural territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Білецька територіальна громада, romanized: Biletska silska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the village of Bila. Its population is 10,735 (2022 estimate)

It was formed on 25 July 2018 by amalgamation of Bila, Velykyi Hlybochok, Ivachiv Dolishnyi, Ihorovytsia, Plotycha, Chystyliv rural councils of Ternopil Raion.
Kite experiment
The kite experiment is a scientific experiment in which a kite with a pointed conductive wire attached to its apex is flown near thunder clouds to collect static electricity from the air and conduct it down the wet kite string to the ground. The experiment was first proposed in 1752 by Benjamin Franklin, who reportedly conducted the experiment with the assistance of his son William. The experiment's purpose was to investigate the nature of lightning and electricity, which were not yet understood. Combined with further experiments on the ground, the kite experiment demonstrated that lightning and electricity were the result of the same phenomenon.

Static electricity
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away as an electric current or by electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity, where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor.

A static electric charge can be created whenever two surfaces contact and/or slide against each other and then separate. The effects of static electricity are familiar to most people because they can feel, hear, and even see sparks if the excess charge is neutralized when brought close to an electrical conductor (for example, a path to ground), or a region with an excess charge of the opposite polarity (positive or negative). The familiar phenomenon of a static shock – more specifically, an electrostatic discharge – is caused by the neutralization of a charge.
An American Girl Story – Melody 1963: Love Has to Win
An American Girl Story – Melody 1963: Love Has to Win is a 2016 American drama film starring Marsai Martin in the title role, alongside Frances Fisher, Idara Victor and Frankie Faison in supporting roles. Set in Detroit, Michigan, during the Civil Rights Movement, the film revolves around African-American girl Melody Ellison, as she faces adversity and discrimination in her hometown and learns to overcome it through her creativity and imagination.

The film is the first in the American Girl film series to be released exclusively on an online streaming service, and is Amazon Studios' first original special. Love Has to Win is also the first Historical/BeForever feature since the 2008 theatrical release Kit Kittredge: An American Girl. Common served as the executive producer in the film.

American Girl (film series)
American Girl is a line of books, movies, dolls, and accessories based on pre-teen girl characters (aged 9–12) from various periods of history including the 21st century. Several of the characters from the American Girl books have since had their stories adapted into films, the majority of them released as direct-to-DVD or television films, with the exception of Kit Kittredge: An American Girl, which was a theatrical release. Starting with the debut of the Maryellen Larkin doll, American Girl has since expressed interest in producing webseries based on their characters.
Vale of Leven Hospital
Vale of Leven District General Hospital or simply the Vale of Leven Hospital is a district general hospital in Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.

Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire
Alexandria (Scots: The Vale, Scottish Gaelic: Alexandria) is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The town is on the River Leven, three miles (five kilometres) north of Dumbarton and 15 mi (24 km) north-west of Glasgow.
Bumthang Province
Bumthang Province (Dzongkha: བུམ་ཐང་; Wylie: bum-thang) was one of the nine historical Provinces of Bhutan.

Bumthang Province occupied lands in north-central Bhutan. It was administered from the Jakar Dzong in the town of Jakar. The ruling governor was known as the Dzongpen of Bumthang, however by the 19th century, actual power was effectively in the hands of the Penlop of Trongsa, who controlled eastern Bhutan.

Ngawang Namgyal
Ngawang Namgyal (Tibetan: ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: zhabs drung ngag dbang rnam rgyal; alternative spellings include Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel; 1594–1651), known colloquially as The Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan Buddhist Drukpa Kagyu school Rinpoche, and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. He was later granted the honorific title Zhabdrung Rinpoche, approximately "at whose feet one submits". In addition to unifying the various warring fiefdoms for the first time in the 1630s, he also sought to create a distinct Bhutanese cultural identity separate from the Tibetan culture from which it was derived.
Bedin I
Bedin I is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy located in the constellation Pavo. It is situated around 28.38 million light-years from Earth, behind the globular cluster NGC 6752. Bedin I is possibly one of the oldest galaxies known, having formed around 10–13 billion years ago, and is one of the most isolated dwarf galaxies known, situated around 2.12 million light-years away from NGC 6744, its nearest neighbor with which it may be physically associated. As such, it has been deemed by astronomers as a "fossil" from the early universe. It was accidentally discovered by Italian astronomer Luigi Bedin, whose team was studying white dwarfs in NGC 6752 using the Hubble Space Telescope in September 2018; the discovery was announced in a paper published in January 2019.

Dwarf spheroidal galaxy
A dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) is a term in astronomy applied to small, low-luminosity galaxies with very little dust and an older stellar population. They are found in the Local Group as companions to the Milky Way and as systems that are companions to the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). While similar to dwarf elliptical galaxies in appearance and properties such as little to no gas or dust or recent star formation, they are approximately spheroidal in shape and generally have lower luminosity.
Kete Ioane
Kete Ioane (30 October 1950 – 13 February 2015) was a Cook Islands politician. He was a Cook Islands Democratic Party Member of Parliament from 1999 to 2010 and served as a cabinet minister between 2006 and 2009.

Democratic Party (Cook Islands)
The Democratic Party (also known for a time as the Democratic Alliance Party) is a political party in the Cook Islands. As a result of the 2022 Cook Islands election, it is currently in opposition, holding five seats in the Cook Islands Parliament.
Timeline of ancient Assyria
The timeline of ancient Assyria can be broken down into three main eras: the Old Assyrian period, Middle Assyrian Empire, and Neo-Assyrian Empire. Modern scholars typically also recognize an Early period preceding the Old Assyrian period and a post-imperial period succeeding the Neo-Assyrian period.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
Pasli
Pasli is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.4 km from Rurka Kalan, 19 km from Phillaur, 29 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 134 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative.

Rurka Kalan
Rurka Kalan is a village in the Tehsil Phillaur, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Khurd and Kalan are Persian language words which mean small and Big respectively when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.
Overslingeland
Overslingeland is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 6 km northwest of Gorinchem.

The statistical area "Overslingeland", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 140.

Gorinchem
Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] ⓘ or [ˈɣɔrkəm]), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.
Narcissus degeneration virus
Narcissus degeneration virus (NDV) is a plant pathogenic Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae which infects plants of the genus Narcissus. It is one of the most serious and prevalent of the approximately 21 viruses which infect this genus.NDV is associated with chlorotic leaf striping in N. tazetta.

Potyviridae
Potyviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family contains 13 genera that contain 259 species.
Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant
The Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant was a smokeless powder and propellant manufacturing facility in De Soto within Johnson County, Kansas. Constructed after the attack on Pearl Harbor pushed the United States into World War II, it was the largest ammunition plant in the world during operation. At the time of operations, the plant was located in southwest unincorporated Johnson County, Kansas, owned by the United States Government, and operated under contract, primarily by Hercules Aerospace Company.

In 2005, the U.S. Army transferred the former plant site to the Sunflower Redevelopment Group; in 2022, over 6,000 acres of the site were annexed into De Soto.

In 2022, construction began on a large Panasonic battery plant.

Johnson County, Kansas
Johnson County  is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas, along the border of the state of Missouri.  Its county seat is Olathe.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 609,863, making it the most populous county in Kansas.  The county was named after Thomas Johnson, a Methodist missionary who was one of the state's first settlers.  Largely suburban, the county contains a number of suburbs of Kansas City, Missouri, including Overland Park, a principal city of and the second most populous city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.
British Rail Class 116
The British Rail Class 116 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1957 to 1961. Introduced as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan in the mid 1950s, as with other first generation DMUs the 116 was intended to replace steam trains and reduce costs across the rail network. Alongside Metro-Cammell, BR Derby had prior experience with DMUs, having developed a Lightweight Unit, and so was awarded a contract for a new design.

British Rail Derby Lightweight
The British Rail Derby Lightweight diesel multiple units were the first such trains to be built en-masse for British Railways. The units were built at BR's Derby Works from 1954 to 1955. The units were built in various formations, including 12 power-twin 2-car units, 84 power-trailer 2-car units, four 4-car units, and two single car units.

Body framing was extruded and riveted together. Panelling was welded into continuous sheets and riveted to the frame. Luggage racks were light alloy. The floors had 2 layers of flameproof hardboard, covered with linoleum. To reduce noise and condensation, the inside structure and undersides were sprayed with asbestos. Lighting was by 60-watt, 24-volt lamps charged by belt driven dynamos. Heating was oil fired. Standard mild steel bogies ran on Timken roller bearings.

Contemporaneous with these units was the unique Battery Electric Multiple Unit.
Pistoia Cathedral
Pistoia Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Zeno (Italian: Duomo di Pistoia or Cattedrale di San Zeno) is the main religious building of Pistoia, Tuscany, central Italy, located in the Piazza del Duomo in the centre of the city. It is the seat of the Bishop of Pistoia and is dedicated to Saint Zeno of Verona.

Most probably built in the 10th century, it has a facade in Romanesque style, inspired by other churches in Pistoia (San Bartolomeo and San Jacopo). The interior has a nave and two side-aisles, with a presbytery and crypt. A restoration in 1952–1999 returned the church to its original lines.

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Punggol Single Member Constituency
Punggol Single Member Constituency was a single member constituency in Punggol, Singapore. In 1959, Punggol Constituency was formed when Punggol–Tampines Constituency was split into Punggol Constituency and Tampines Constituency.

In 1988, part of the constituency was carved out to form Hougang Single Member Constituency. It was also renamed as Punggol Single Member Constituency (SMC) as part of Singapore's political reforms.

The SMC was merged into Cheng San Group Representation Constituency in 1991.

Hougang Single Member Constituency
The Hougang Single Member Constituency is a single-member constituency (SMC) situated in north-eastern Singapore. It is managed by Aljunied–Hougang Town Council (AHTC). The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency is Dennis Tan from the Workers' Party (WP).
Baselius College
Baselius College, Kottayam (established in 1964) is a Malankara Orthodox college. It offers various graduate and under graduate courses. It is located in the heart Kottayam, Kerala, India. It is affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University.

Kottayam
Kottayam (IPA: [ko:ʈ:ajam]) is a city in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. It is the district headquarters of the district and is located about 151 km (93.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Kottayam has a population of 136,812 people, and a population density of 2,470/km2 (6,400/sq mi). 
Kottayam is also referred to as "the City of Letters"  as many of the first Malayalam daily newspapers, such as Deepika, Malayala Manorama, and Mangalam, were started and are headquartered in Kottayam, as are a number of publishing houses.
Samsung SPH-M540 Rant
The Samsung SPH-M540 (Samsung Rant) is a slider phone designed by Samsung Mobile that is similar to the Samsung Gravity series. It was released in 2008. It was only offered through Sprint and cost around $49.99 at the time of release. It was generally considered a competitor to the LG Rumor. The phone was available in red, black and purple; The purple was only sold in Best Buy stores, while red and black were sold in Sprint retail stores.

Samsung Gravity series
The Samsung Gravity series of mobile phones includes:

Samsung Gravity, released November 7, 2008

Samsung Gravity 2, released in August 2009

Samsung Gravity 3, released in June 2010

Samsung SGH-T669 (known as the "Gravity T" or "Gravity Touch"), a feature phone also released in June 2010

Samsung Gravity Smart, an Android smartphone released June 22, 2011

Samsung Gravity TXT, a feature phone released in August 2011
Vita Club Mokanda
Vita Club Mokanda, formerly  Victoria Club Mokanda, is a football club based in Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo. They play in the Congo Premier League. In 1971 the team has won the Congo Premier League.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
HMS Parthian (N75)
HMS Parthian was the lead boat of the six Royal Navy Parthian-class submarines, all launched in 1929. The submarine was sunk in 1943 during the Second World War. The submarine was nicknamed Peanut, from the identity letters PN painted on the fin.

Parthian-class submarine
The Parthian-class submarine or P class was a class of six submarines built for the Royal Navy in the late 1920s. They were designed as long-range patrol submarines for the Far East.  These boats were almost identical to the Odin class, the only difference being a different bow shape.
New Mexico State Road 221
State Road 221 (NM 221) is a 4.648-mile-long (7.480 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 221's southern terminus is at County Route 303 (CR 303) northeast of Alire, and the northern terminus is at U.S. Route 84 (US 84) in Cebolla.

U.S. Route 84 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 84 (US 84) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Pagosa Springs, CO to Midway, GA. In New Mexico it begins at the Colorado state line northwest of Chama and ends at the Texas state line in Texico.
Batten Institute
The Batten Institute for entrepreneurship and innovation is one of the Centers of Excellence at the University of Virginia's Darden Graduate School of Business Administration.  It was founded in 1999 with a $60 million gift to the Darden School from alumnus Frank Batten, chairman of Landmark Communications, founder of The Weather Channel.

University of Virginia Darden School of Business
The University of Virginia Darden School of Business (formally the Colgate Darden Graduate School of Business Administration) is the graduate business school of the University of Virginia, a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. The school offers MBA, PhD, and Executive Education programs.

The school was founded in 1955 through the efforts of Colgate Whitehead Darden Jr., the president of the University of Virginia from 1947 to 1959 and a former Democratic congressman and governor of Virginia from 1942 to 1946.  It is located on the grounds of the University of Virginia. Its faculty use the case method as their method of teaching courses.
Indios de Guantánamo
Indios de Guantánamo (English: Guantánamo Indians) is a baseball team in the Cuban National Series. Based in the easternmost Cuban province of Guantánamo, the Indios have had uneven results, though they advanced to the playoffs in three straight years from 1997 to 1999. The team has never won any championship.

Guantánamo
Guantánamo (UK: /ɡwænˈtænəmoʊ/, US: /ɡwɑːnˈtɑːn-/, Spanish: [ɡwanˈtanamo]) is a municipality and city in southeast Cuba and capital of Guantánamo Province.

Guantánamo is served by the Caimanera port near the site of a U.S. naval base. The area produces sugarcane and cotton wool. These are traditional parts of the economy.
Horticultural oil
Horticultural oils are refined petroleum fractions (mineral oils) widely used as insecticides. They are used against various insects (aphids, mites, beetle larvae, leaf miners, thrips, leafhopper, whitefly, scale) on fruit, vegetable and other crops, as well as against powdery mildew. They are approved for use in organic farming under the U.S. National Organic Program.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's Greek discus throw
The men's Greek-style discus throw was one of six throwing events on the Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on 18 July 1908. In the Greek-style event, throwers hurled the discus from atop a rectangular platform raised above the ground. Throwing style was strictly prescribed by the rules of the event. The event had been contested at the 1906 Summer Olympics, but was not held again after 1908. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London, England, 26 athletics events were contested, all for men only. A total of 79 medals (27 gold, 27 silver, 25 bronze) were awarded.

Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events.  In the team races (the medley relay and the 3 mile team race), each nation entered one team.  The medley relay was run by four athletes, with four alternates allowed.  In the 3 mile team race, five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting.

The competition was restricted to amateurs, and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association.
Al Wusaita (Riyadh)
Al-Wusaita (Arabic: حي الوسيطاء) is a subject of Baladiyah al-Batha and one of the oldest neighborhoods of the city in southern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, inhabited mostly by overseas Asians. It shares proximity with Jabrah and Al Dirah neighborhoods.

Al Dirah
Al Dirah (Arabic: الديرة, romanized: ad-Dayra, lit. 'the Abode'), alternatively transliterated as Deira, Deirah, Dheera, Deerah or Deera, is a neighborhood in southern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located south of al-Futah and west of Margab in the sub-municipality of al-Batʼha. Forming the kernel of the old city region, the northern part makes up the ruins of the extinct settlement of Duhairah meanwhile the remainder consists most of the Qasr al-Hukm District. It lies in the geographic center of the city's downtown neighborhoods, whereby its eastern strip partially forms part of the al-Batʼha commercial area.

Named after Deirah markets, it is today a popular tourist attraction as it hosts several historical and traditional landmarks, such as the Justice Palace (Qasr al-Hukm), al-Masmak Fort, and Deera Square. The origins of the neighborhood can be traced back to 1737 when Deham bin Dawas al-Shalaan took over Riyadh.