hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bakhytzhan Toregozhina
Bakhytzhan Toregozhina (Kazakh: Бақытжан Төреғожина; born 23 March 1962) is a Kazakhstani human rights activist who campaigned against the violations of fundamental rights in Kazakhstan for over two decades. She has been the head of a coalition of civil societies, Qantar 2022, and the president of another Public Foundation, Ar.Rukh.Khak which represents Dignity, Spirit, and Truth. She also organized various youth movements. Toregozhina was acclaimed as a leading voice representing victims of torture, abuse, and politicized repression. On 8 March 2023, she received the 2023 International Women of Courage Award, which was presented to her and other nominees by Jill Biden and Anthony J. Blinken at the U.S. Department of State.

Freedom of assembly
Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of individuals to peaceably assemble and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their ideas. The right to freedom of assembly is recognized as a human right, a political right and a civil liberty.

The terms freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the right to protest, while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights. The Constitution of the United States is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 29 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  Australia won gold with the previous champion being the United States.

2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The ninth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in 2002 in Yokohama International Swimming Pool in Yokohama, Japan, from August 24–29.  One world record was set over the six-day competition.
Bourtreehill House
Bourtreehill House (now destroyed) and the enclosed land on which it was built form the original estate of Bourtreehill. The wooded hill-top, a distinctive feature of the estate, is now a landmark that sits at the centre of modern North Bourtreehill in the district of North Ayrshire on the west coast of Scotland.

Caaf Water
The Caaf Water in western Scotland (Keaff in 1747 also Caff) drains from the Caaf Reservoir above Dalry which is fed from Knockendon Reservoir. The Caaf Water's origins are springs below Green Hill and it is joined by the Bught Burn, the Reeves Burn, the Bradshaw Burn and the Stock Burn, passing the old Bradshaw (previously Broadshaw) shooting lodge before passing the old farms of Knockendon, Birkheadsteel, and Birkhead.

The Tower Burn entering the Caaf Water near Drumastle mill and Peden's Pulpit

Peden's waterfall and rock-cut basin near Drumastle Mill

Peden's Pulpit at Pinnoch or Pinnioch (meaning Many Points) Point on the Caaf Water

The other possible Peden's pulpit or point in the Lynn Glen

At Giffordland Bridge the old Giffordlandmill is passed before the Caaf joins with the Caddell Burn and Tower Burn near Drumastle and enters the Lynn Glen with its picturesque spouts or waterfalls and finally enters the River Garnock south of Dalry.
Building occupancy classifications
Building occupancy classifications refer to categorizing structures based on their usage and are primarily used for building and fire code enforcement.  They are usually defined by model building codes, and vary, somewhat, among them.  Often, many of them are subdivided.

Model building code
A model building code is a building code that is developed and maintained by a standards organization independent of the jurisdiction responsible for enacting the building code. A local government can choose to adopt a model building code as its own. This saves local governments the expense and trouble of developing their own codes. Many smaller governments lack the expertise to do so.

According to the Cato Institute, "Building code rules can add significantly to the cost of constructing new housing. Codes have ballooned in length and complexity", additionally, "...building code changes adopted just since 2012 account for 11 percent of the cost of building new apartments..."
Jesús González Alonso
Jesús González Alonso (Gijón, 1946) is a Spanish pianist.

He settled in Vienna after graduating at the Madrid Conservatory in 1964. A winner of Vercelli's Viotti competition (1966), he was awarded 2nd prizes at the two first editions of the Santander's Paloma O'Shea competition. He attended the Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst in Wien from 1965 to 1971, where in 1971 he was awarded the Klavier-Konzertfach-Diplom with Honours.  1973 he was awarded First prize at the "Bosendorfer" Piano Contest in Wien.

Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition
The Paloma O'Shea Santander International Piano Competition (in Spanish: Concurso Internacional de Piano de Santander "Paloma O'Shea") is a piano competition taking place in Santander, Spain. Founded in 1972 by Paloma O'Shea as a national prize, it turned into an international competition in its 2nd edition, and was professionalized in the mid-1970s, being accepted into the World Federation of International Music Competitions in 1976.

Organized by the Albéniz Foundation and chaired by the Infanta Margarita and sponsored by a network of civil service and private companies, it arranges an extensive world tour for the winners, including debuts in auditoriums such as the National Auditorium of Music and the Wigmore Hall and cash prizes. The competition takes place in the Palacio de Festivales de Cantabria.
Théâtre de Verdure de Mont Ngaliema
The Théâtre de la Verdure (meaning "Green Theater"), is an open-air amphitheater situated within the Institute of National Museums of Congo on Mount Ngaliema in the Ngaliema commune of Kinshasa, located in the western region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It serves as a venue for theatrical performances, concerts, and various cultural events, and is named for its lush, green surroundings.

Constructed in 1970 on the private estate of Mount Ngaliema by President Mobutu Sese Seko, the amphitheater's architectural design was influenced by the archetypal open-air amphitheaters of Greco-Roman antiquity, which Mobutu had encountered during his visit to Italy.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
18 Doughty Street
18 Doughty Street was a British internet-based political broadcaster that hosted a webcast as its chief product. It began broadcasting at 18:55 on 10 October 2006, from its studio at 18 Doughty Street in the Bloomsbury area of London, and ceased broadcasting at 23:00 on Thursday 8 November 2007. It claimed to be Britain's first internet-based TV station.

ConservativeHome
ConservativeHome is a UK politically conservative news website and events company. It was first established by Tim Montgomerie in 2005 with the aim of arguing for a broad conservative spectrum, which is serious about both social justice and a fair competitive economy. A second aim of the blog is to represent grassroots Conservatives, and is independent of, but supportive of, the Conservative Party.
Beaumont Centre, Lexington
Beaumont Centre is a neighborhood and major retail and office park in southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are New Circle Road to the north, the older Harrods Hill neighborhood to the south, Man o' War Boulevard to the west, and Harrodsburg Road to the east.  The area was one of the last undeveloped areas off New Circle Road, development began in the early 1990s.

New Circle Road (Lexington's inner beltway) blocks direct access between Beaumont Centre and nearby the Beaumont Park or Garden Springs neighborhoods.

Garden Springs, Lexington
Garden Springs is a neighborhood in Southwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are Georgian Way to the west, Lane Allen Road to the north, Harrodsburg Road to the east, and New Circle Road to the south. Turfland Mall and the Lexington campus of Sullivan University are located in the neighborhood.

The neighborhood has a land area of 1.019 square miles (2.64 km2). In the 2000 census it had a population of 3,734.

Neighborhood statistics

Area: 1.019 square miles (2.64 km2)

Population: 3,734

Population density: 3,665 people per square mile

Median Household Income: $41,287

Public school districts

Garden Springs Elementary School

Beaumont Middle School

Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Lexington, Kentucky)
Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar
19°02′04″N 72°51′51″E﻿ / ﻿19.034331°N 72.864203°E﻿ / 19.034331; 72.864203


Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar (GTB Nagar), formerly known as Koliwada, is a neighbourhood in Sion, Mumbai, named after Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Guru of Sikhism.

Originally home to Mumbai's indigenous Koli community, it is also known as Koliwada. A colony was constructed for the rehabilitation of Sikh and Hindu refugees who came from North West Frontier Province of Pakistan after the Partition of India

Today, many of the buildings and tenements originally constructed for the refugees are in a  dilapidated state, and are awaiting demolition and redevelopment.

The neighborhood's residents, however, have been protesting the order to vacate the property and its subsequent demolition because they are looking for a different rental and redevelopment arrangement.

Koliwada
Koliwada refers to a colony of Koli ethnic group in India. Several places named Koliwada are located across the Mumbai city in India:

Khar Danda Koliwada

Sion Koliwada

Thane Koliwada

Juhu Koliwada

Charkop Koliwada

Panvel Koliwada

Colaba Koliwada

Trombay Chembur Koliwada

Worli Koliwada

Juhu, Mora Gaothan Koliwada

Versova Koliwada

Dharavi Koliwada

Vazira Koliwada, Borivali

BunderPakhadi Koliwada

Vasai Koliwada

Naigaon Koliwada

Mahim Koliwada

Koliwada, Madh

Ghansoli Koliwada
Awkimarka (Apurímac)
Awkimarka (Quechua awki prince / a mythical figure of the Andean culture / grandfather, marka village, Hispanicized spelling Auquimarca) is an archaeological site in the Apurímac Region in Peru. It lies on a mountain of the same name which reaches a height of about 4,000 metres (13,123 ft). It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Andahuaylas Province, on the border of the districts of Pomacocha and Tumay Huaraca.

Department of Apurímac
Apurímac (Spanish pronunciation: [apuˈɾimak])  is a department of Peru. Located in the southern-central part of the country, it is bordered on the east by Cuzco, on the west by Ayacucho, and on the south by the Arequipa and Ayacucho. It is administered by a regional government and its capital city is Abancay.
Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur pronunciationⓘ is a city in the Muzaffarpur district, situated on the banks of the Burhi Gandak River in the Tirhut division of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both the Tirhut division and the Muzaffarpur district. Muzaffarpur is the fourth most populous city in Bihar and is often referred to as the Capital of North Bihar.

The city is renowned for its Shahi lychee, earning it the nickname Lychee Kingdom of India.

A study conducted by the Government of Bihar identified Muzaffarpur, along with Patna, Vaishali, Gaya, and Begusarai, as one of the top five districts in the state in terms of rapid economic growth.

North Bihar
North Bihar is the northern region of the Indian state of Bihar. It lies between the Ganga River in the south and the India–Nepal border in the north. The region forms part of the fertile Gangetic Plain and is mainly flat in terrain.
West Hillhurst, Calgary
West Hillhurst is a northwest neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The community, which is located west of Hillhurst, is bisected by Crowchild Trail. On the north, West Hillhurst is bordered by the communities of Hounsfield Heights/Briar Hill and St. Andrews Heights. Other boundaries are 18th Street W to the east, the Bow River to the south and 28th Street W to the west.

Hillhurst, Calgary
Hillhurst is a community located within the inner city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The boundaries of the community are 8th Avenue NW to the north, 10th Street NW to the east, the Bow River to the south, and 18th Street NW to the west.  The communities of Hillhurst and the neighbouring Sunnyside together form the Hillhurst-Sunnyside Community Association.  The two communities have an area redevelopment plan in place, revised in 2009.

The Kensington Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ) adjoins the Hillhurst community.
Arema F.C.
Arema Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club based in Malang, East Java. The club competes in the Super League, the top flight of Indonesian Football. They are considered one of the best and most successful football clubs in the country, and are nicknamed "Singo Edan" ('The Mad Lions' in Javanese).

Galatama
Liga Sepak Bola Utama (English: Premier Football League), commonly known by its acronym Galatama, was a semi professional football league in Indonesia, established in 1979 by the Indonesian Football Association, PSSI. Prior to the establishment of the competition, an amateur football league named Perserikatan had existed since 1931. Both Perserikatan and Galatama existed and run in parallel until 1994 when they were both merged to form a new, unified league called Liga Indonesia.
Aphyocharax
Aphyocharax is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are from South America, specifically the Amazon, Orinoco, Essequibo, Paraguay and Paraná basins.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Stokes' law
In fluid dynamics, Stokes' law gives the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects moving at very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid.  It was derived by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds numbers of the Navier–Stokes equations.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
Bulgaria national rugby league team
The Bulgaria national rugby league team represents Bulgaria in the sport of rugby league football, having made their international debut at the 2017 Balkans Cup against Greece and Serbia in October 2017.

Greece national rugby league team
The Greece national rugby league team (Greek: Ελλάδα εθνική ομάδα ράγκμπι λίγκ) represents Greece in rugby league. The team has been participating in international competition since 2003.

Administered by the Greek Rugby League Association since 2017, the team is coached by Greek Australian Steve Georgallis.
Scapteromys
Scapteromys is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Akodontini of family Cricetidae. Three species are known, found in northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. They are as follows:

Argentine swamp rat (Scapteromys aquaticus)

Plateau swamp rat (Scapteromys meridionalis)

Waterhouse's swamp rat (Scapteromys tumidus)

Species are semiaquatic, living in and near marshes and other bodies of water. They reach a body length of 15 to 20 cm and a tail length of 13–17 cm, and weigh 110-200 g. Fur color is dark gray on top and light gray on the underside. They are primarily crepuscular and nocturnal. Their diet consists mainly of insects; they also consume other invertebrates and plant material.

The three species differ in karyotype, with aquaticus having 2n = 32, tumidus 2n = 24 and meridionalis 2n = 34/36.

Waterhouse's swamp rat
Waterhouse's swamp rat  (Scapteromys tumidus) is a semiaquatic rodent species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina, where it lives in freshwater and salt marshes, as well as open grassland of the pampas. Its karyotype has 2n = 24, substantially lower than its closest relative S. aquaticus with 2n = 32.
Embassy of the United States, Paris
The Embassy of the United States in Paris is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the French Republic. The embassy is the oldest diplomatic mission of the United States. Benjamin Franklin and some of the other Founding Fathers were the earliest U.S. ambassadors to France. The chancery building is located at 2 Avenue Gabriel, on the northwest corner of the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.

Place de la Concorde
The Place de la Concorde (French: [plas d(ə) la kɔ̃kɔʁd] ⓘ; "Harmony Square"), originally the Place Louis XV (Louis XV Square), and later the Place Louis XVI (Louis XVI Square), is a public square in Paris. Measuring 7.6 ha (19 acres) in area, it is the largest square in the city. It is located in the 8th arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées.

The square was the site of many notable public executions, including Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and Maximilien Robespierre in the course of the French Revolution, during which it was temporarily renamed the Place de la Révolution ('Revolution Square'). It received its current name in 1795 as a gesture of reconciliation in the later years of the revolution, although later the original name was reverted for a period. A metro station is located at the northeastern corner of Place de la Concorde on Lines 1, 8, and 12 of the Paris Métro.
A Topological Picturebook
A Topological Picturebook is a book on mathematical visualization in low-dimensional topology by George K. Francis. It was originally published by Springer in 1987, and reprinted in paperback in 2007. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has recommended its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

Mathematical visualization
Mathematical phenomena can be understood and explored via visualization. Classically, this consisted of two-dimensional drawings or building three-dimensional models (particularly plaster models in the 19th and early 20th century). In contrast, today it most frequently consists of using computers to make static two- or three-dimensional drawings, animations, or interactive programs. Writing programs to visualize mathematics is an aspect of computational geometry.
2009 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament
The 2009 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament involved 64 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball as a culmination of the 2008–09 basketball season. It began on March 14, 2008, and concluded as the Findlay Oilers defeated the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos 56–53 in overtime on March 28.

University of Findlay
The University of Findlay is a private liberal arts university in Findlay, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1882 through a joint partnership between the Churches of God General Conference and the city of Findlay. The University of Findlay has nearly 80 undergraduate programs of study leading to baccalaureate degrees and offers 11 master's degrees and five doctorate-level degree programs. Nearly 4,200 students from approximately 35 countries are enrolled at Findlay with an international student population of approximately 500. Approximately 1,250 students live on campus in university housing. The University of Findlay has a 76-acre (31 ha) main campus and five off-campus facilities.
Potassium deficiency (plants)
Potassium deficiency, also known as potash deficiency, is a plant disorder that is most common on light, sandy soils, because potassium ions (K+) are highly soluble and will easily leach from soils without colloids. Potassium deficiency is also common in chalky or peaty soils with a low clay content. It is also found on heavy clays with a poor structure.

Potash
Potash (/ˈpɒtæʃ/ POT-ash) are mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The term potash derives from pot ash, either plant ashes or wood ashes that were soaked in water in a pot, which was the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era; the word potassium derives from the term potash.

In 2021, the worldwide production of potash exceeded 71.9 million tonnes (~45.4 million tonnes K2O equivalent), and Canada is the greatest producer of potash as fertilizer. Potassium was first derived in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic potash (potassium hydroxide).
Crane Melon
The Crane Melon is an heirloom melon developed by Oliver Crane in the early 20th century in Penngrove, California. It is grown and sold at specialty grocery stores and farmers markets and was first available from the Crane Melon Barn in Santa Rosa, California.

Melon
A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. It can also specifically refer to Cucumis melo, commonly known as the "true melon" or simply "melon". The term "melon" can apply to both the plant and its fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a "pepo". The word melon derives from Latin melopepo, which is the latinization of the Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopepōn), meaning "melon", itself a compound of μῆλον (mēlon), "apple", treefruit (of any kind)" and πέπων (pepōn), amongst others "a kind of gourd or melon". Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of the true melon, such as the cantaloupe and honeydew.
Circumplanetary disk
A circumplanetary disk (or circumplanetary disc, short CPD) is a torus, pancake or ring-shaped accumulation of matter composed of gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids or collision fragments in orbit around a planet. They are reservoirs of material out of which moons (or exomoons or subsatellites) may form. Such a disk can manifest itself in various ways.

Planetesimal
Planetesimals (/ˌplænɪˈtɛsɪməlz/) are solid objects thought to exist in protoplanetary disks and debris disks. Believed to have formed in the Solar System about 4.6 billion years ago, they aid study of its formation.