hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical surface area
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) is the portion of a catalyst's surface that actively partakes in redox reactions.The surface area of a catalyst exposed to the electrolyte, known as the geometric surface area, does not fully correspond to the area involved in electrochemical reactions while the ECSA accounts for the truly active catalyst surface and offers a metric for comparing electrocatalytic materials. In particular, it allows the computation of the efficacy of the electrocatalyst and it is used for the optimization process of the performance and lifetime of catalyst layers in applications such as fuel cells, water electrolysis, and metal-air batteries.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
SerDes Framer Interface
SerDes Framer Interface is a standard for telecommunications abbreviated as SFI. Variants include:

SFI-4 or SerDes Framer Interface Level 4, a standardized Electrical Interface by the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) for connecting a synchronous optical networking (SONET) framer component to an optical serializer/deserializer (SerDes) for Optical Carrier transmission rate OC-192 interfaces at about 10 Gigabits per second.

SFI-5  or SerDes Framer Interface Level 5, a standardized Electrical Interface by the OIF for connecting a SONET Framer component to an optical SerDes for OC-768, about 40 Gbit/s. Electrically, it consists of 16 pairs of SerDes channels each running at 3.125 Gbit/s which gives an aggregate bandwidth of 50 Gbit/s accommodating up to 25% of Forward Error Correction.

Optical Carrier transmission rates
Optical Carrier transmission rates are a standardized set of specifications of transmission bandwidth for digital signals that can be carried on Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) fiber optic networks. Transmission rates are defined by rate of the bitstream of the digital signal and are designated by hyphenation of the acronym OC and an integer value of the multiple of the basic unit of rate, e.g., OC-48. The base unit is 51.84 Mbit/s. Thus, the speed of optical-carrier-classified lines labeled as OC-n is n × 51.84 Mbit/s.
Kim Weston
Kim Weston (born December 20, 1939) is an American soul singer, and Motown alumna. In the 1960s, she scored hits with the songs "Love Me All the Way" and "Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While)", and with her duet with Marvin Gaye, "It Takes Two".

Johnny Nash
John Lester Nash Jr. (August 19, 1940 – October 6, 2020) was an American singer and songwriter, best known in the United States for his 1972 hit "I Can See Clearly Now". Primarily a reggae and pop singer, he was one of the first non-Jamaican artists to record reggae music in Kingston.
Native silver
Native silver is a naturally occurring native element mineral consisting of the chemical element silver (Ag) in its pure metallic form. It is one of the relatively few metals that occur in nature in an uncombined state. It commonly forms distinctive wire-like (filiform), arborescent, dendritic or massive aggregates.

Acanthite
Acanthite is a form of silver sulfide with the chemical formula Ag2S. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and is the stable form of silver sulfide below 173 °C (343 °F). Argentite is the stable form above that temperature. As argentite cools below that temperature its cubic form is distorted to the monoclinic form of acanthite. Below 173 °C acanthite forms directly. Acanthite is the only stable form  in normal air temperature.
Richard Moth
Charles Phillip Richard Moth (born 8 July 1958) is a British Roman Catholic prelate who currently serves as Archbishop of Westminster, having served as Bishop of Arundel and Brighton from 2015 to 2025. Previously, he was Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Southwark from 2001 to 2009, and Bishop of the Forces from 2009 to 2015.

Michael Bowen (bishop)
Michael George Bowen (23 April 1930 – 17 October 2019) was a British prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Southwark from 1977 to 2003, having previously served as Bishop of Arundel and Brighton.
Juaymah Maureen Transport
Juaymah Maureen Transport (JMT) was a bus company owned and operated by a Filipino family from Las Piñas. It plied routes from Alabang in Muntinlupa to Lawton and Quiapo in Manila and sometimes to Ayala in Makati from 1995 to around 2008.

Carmona, Cavite
Carmona ([kaɾˈmɔna]), officially the City of Carmona (Tagalog: Lungsod ng Carmona), is a 2nd class component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 112,140 people.

Carmona is also the newest and youngest city in the Philippines; it became a city on July 8, 2023, and it was the 149th city founded in the Philippine archipelago.
Siberian Baroque
Siberian Baroque is an architectural style common for ambitious structures in 18th-century Siberia, where 115 stone churches in Siberia were recorded in 1803, most of which were built in this provincial variant of the Russian Baroque, influenced by the Ukrainian Baroque and in some cases even incorporating lamaist motifs. Most of the buildings were preserved in Irkutsk, Tobolsk and Tomsk. An original interior of a Siberian Baroque structure survives only in the Feast of the Cross Church in Irkutsk.

Siberian churches of the 18th century, like most of Russian and Baroque buildings, are astylar. The refectory and belfries are joined at the western side. Paintings in Siberian Baroque buildings are typically becoming smaller in its dimension (A. Yu. Kaptikov called this technique the "Baroque advanced form"). Decorativelly it features foreign exotic motifs, likely of eastern origin (examples are arrow-shaped and "flaming" cornices, stupa-like forms and dharmacakras).

Ukrainian Baroque
Ukrainian Baroque (Ukrainian: українське бароко), also known as Cossack Baroque (Ukrainian: козацьке бароко) or Mazepa Baroque, is an artistic style that was widespread in Ukraine in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was the result of a combination of local traditions and European Baroque.
Shapolang
Sha Po Lang (traditional Chinese: 殺破狼; simplified Chinese: 杀破狼; pinyin: Shā Pò Láng) is a collective term for three stars in Chinese astrology used in the Zi wei dou shu 紫微斗數 method of fortune-telling.

The three stars are:

Qi Sha (traditional Chinese: 七殺; simplified Chinese: 七杀; pinyin: Qī Shā; lit. 'Seven Killings'), equivalent to Polis, symbolising power

Po Jun (traditional Chinese: 破軍; simplified Chinese: 破军; pinyin: Pò Jūn; lit. 'Vanquisher of Armies'), equivalent to Alkaid, symbolising destruction

Tan Lang (traditional Chinese: 貪狼; simplified Chinese: 贪狼; pinyin: Tān Láng; lit. 'Greedy Wolf'), equivalent to Dubhe, symbolising lust.

Chinese astrology
Chinese astrology is based on traditional Chinese astronomy and the Chinese calendar. Chinese astrology flourished during the Han dynasty (2nd century BC to 2nd century AD).

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy (theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth, and human), and uses the principles of yin and yang, wuxing (five phases), the ten Heavenly Stems, the twelve Earthly Branches, the lunisolar calendar (moon calendar and sun calendar), and the time calculation after year, month, day, and shichen (時辰, double hour). These concepts are not readily found or familiar in Western astrology or culture.
Temporary People
Temporary People is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Joseph Arthur, released on September 30, 2008, on Lonely Astronaut Records. Co-produced by both Arthur and Kenny Siegal – who had previously worked with Arthur on Nuclear Daydream (2006) – the album was recorded with backing band The Lonely Astronauts, and features guest musician Garth Hudson on organ and piano.

The album was preceded by the release of four solo EPs – Could We Survive, Crazy Rain, Vagabond Skies and Foreign Girls – with Arthur later stating that Temporary People's overall impact and reception was affected by this: "When I put out Temporary People I had just put out four EPs, so it was kind of hard to get anybody pay attention to it. You sort of have to give space in between releases or else people won’t pay attention."

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Periodical Press Galleries of the United States Congress
The Periodical Press Galleries (PPG), along with the Daily Press Galleries, Radio and Television Galleries, and Senate Press Photographers’ Gallery, comprise the four media galleries of the United States Congress. The United States Congress is the only legislature to divide its media into distinct press galleries. Collectively known as the Periodical Press Galleries, the PPG maintain two separate offices in the House and Senate wings of the Capitol in order to “assist Members of Congress, Congressional staff, and bona fide correspondents covering Congress, with media logistics and press-related concerns.”

The House Periodical Press Gallery operates under Rule VI of the Rules of the House of Representatives, and the Senate Periodical Press Gallery under Rule XXXIII of the Standing Rules of the United States Senate. Under these rules, the Speaker of the House and the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration maintain final authority over all the press galleries.

Standing Rules of the United States Senate
The Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: "Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings ..."

There are currently forty-four rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.
(62412) 2000 SY178
(62412) 2000 SY178 is an unnamed active asteroid located in the outer main asteroid belt. It was discovered by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project at Socorro, New Mexico on 28 September 2000. It is a member of the extensive Hygiea family, which originated from the large asteroid 10 Hygiea around 3 billion years ago. It is around 10 km (6.2 mi) in size and rotates rapidly, revolving once every 3.33 hours. 2000 SY178's activity was first observed in 2014, when it briefly hosted a faint comet-like tail.

Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
The Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project is a collaboration of the United States Air Force, NASA, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory for the systematic detection and tracking of near-Earth objects. LINEAR was responsible for the majority of asteroid discoveries from 1998 until it was overtaken by the Catalina Sky Survey in 2005. As of 15 September 2011, LINEAR had detected 231,082 new small Solar System bodies, of which at least 2,423 were near-Earth asteroids and 279 were comets. The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.
Kavli Institute for Cosmology
The Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge (KICC) is a research establishment set up through collaboration of the University of Cambridge and the Kavli Foundation. It is operated by two of the University's astronomy groups: the Institute of Astronomy (IoA) and the Cavendish Astrophysics Group.

Cavendish Astrophysics Group
The Cavendish Astrophysics Group (formerly the Radio Astronomy Group) is based at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. The group operates all of the telescopes at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory except for the 32m MERLIN telescope, which is operated by Jodrell Bank.

The group is the second largest of three astronomy departments in the University of Cambridge.
APRA Music Awards of 2007
The Australasian Performing Right Association Awards of 2007 (generally known as APRA Awards) are a series of awards which include the APRA Music Awards, Classical Music Awards, and Screen Music Awards. The APRA Music Awards ceremony occurred on 5 June at the Melbourne Town Hall, they were presented by APRA and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). The Classical Music Awards were distributed in July in Sydney and are sponsored by APRA and the Australian Music Centre (AMC). The Screen Music Awards were issued in November by APRA and Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC).

APRA Awards (Australia)
The APRA Music Awards in Australia celebrate excellence in contemporary music, honoring songwriters and publishers who have achieved artistic excellence and outstanding success in their fields.

Several award ceremonies are run in Australia by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). In addition to the APRA Music Awards, APRA AMCOS, in association with the Australian Music Centre, presents awards for classical music, jazz and improvised music, experimental music and sound art, known as the Art Music Awards. It also runs, in association with the Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC), the Screen Music Awards, to acknowledge excellence in the field of screen composition.
2014 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2014 lists the national/federal elections held in 2014 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.

2014 Czech Senate election
Senate elections were held in the Czech Republic on 10–11 October 2014, with a second round on 17–18 October 2014. One-third of Senate seats (27 out of 81) were elected, along with approximately 62,300 local council seats. The election date was announced by the President Miloš Zeman in June, 2014.
Mototrek Hirnyk
Chervonohrad Speedway Stadium or Mototrek Hirnyk is a motorcycle speedway stadium in the east of Chervonohrad. It is located on the Pushkina Street. It is one of three active tracks in Ukraine, along with SKA Stadium and Rivne Speedway Stadium.

Rivne Speedway Stadium
Rivne Speedway Stadium or Rivenenskyy Mototrek is a motorcycle speedway stadium in the south east of Rivne. It is located on the Volodymyr Stelmakh Street. The speedway club Rivne Speedway are based at the track.
Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is one of three federally recognized Kickapoo tribes in the United States. There are also Kickapoo tribes in Kansas, Texas, and Mexico. The Kickapoo are a Woodland tribe, who speak an Algonquian language. They are affiliated with the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, the Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, and the Mexican Kickapoo.

Lipan Apache people
Lipan Apache are a band of Apache, a Southern Athabaskan Indigenous people, who have lived in the Southwest and Southern Plains for centuries. At the time of European and African contact, they lived in New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and northern Mexico. Historically, they were the easternmost band of Apache.

The descendants of the Lipan Apache live primarily in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Some are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes: the Mescalero Apache Tribe in New Mexico, the Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, and Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, which is also known as the Kiowa Apache or Plains Apache. The Lipan Apache, however, are not a federally recognized tribe. Additionally, Lipan Apache descendants are members of non-federally recognized groups.
Władysław of Cieszyn (d. 1355)
Władysław of Cieszyn (Polish: Władysław cieszyński) (1325/31 – May 1355) was a Polish prince member of the Piast dynasty in the Cieszyn branch.

He was the eldest son of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Trojden I of Czersk-Warsaw.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Rampart Range
The Rampart Range is a mountain range in the western United States in Colorado, located in Douglas, El Paso, and Teller counties. Part of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, the range is almost entirely public land within the Pike National Forest.

The Rampart Range is delineated by the South Platte River on the north and Manitou Springs and Woodland Park on the south. The western border is formed by faults along the South Platte River and Trout Creek. The eastern border of the range is the steep, faulted escarpment down to the Colorado Piedmont. In total, the range is 44 miles (71 km) long and 12 miles (19 km) at its widest.

The high point of the Rampart Range is Devils Head at an elevation of 9,748 feet (2,971 m). Several other peaks in the range are over 9,000 feet (2,743 m), but these elevations stand in contrast to the higher peaks of the Front Range to the north (Mount Blue Sky) and south (Pikes Peak).

Pike National Forest
The Pike National Forest is located in the Front Range of Colorado, United States, west of Colorado Springs including Pikes Peak. The forest encompasses 1,106,604 acres (4,478 km2) within Clear Creek, Teller, Park, Jefferson, Douglas and El Paso counties. The major rivers draining the forest are the South Platte and Fountain Creek. Rampart Reservoir is a large artificial body of water located within the forest.

The forest is named after American explorer Zebulon Pike.

Much of the bedrock within Pike National Forest is made up of the coarse, pink to orange Pikes Peak granite.
Safe Space (South Park)
"Safe Space" is the fifth episode of the nineteenth season and the 262nd overall episode of the animated television series South Park, written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. The episode premiered on Comedy Central on October 21, 2015. It parodies the idea of safe spaces while also continuing the season-long lampoon on political correctness.

South Park season 19
The nineteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park premiered on Comedy Central on September 16, 2015, and ended on December 9, 2015, containing ten episodes. As with most seasons of the show, all episodes are written and directed by series co-creator and co-star Trey Parker. The Blu-Ray and DVD sets were released exclusively to Best Buy on August 16, 2016, and were available worldwide on September 6.

Much like the previous season, this season features an episode-to-episode continuity, (which the creators called 'serialized lite') with political correctness as a recurring theme. This season introduced PC Principal as a new major character, replacing South Park Elementary's previous principal, Principal Victoria.

This season featured planned "dark weeks", weeks where no new episodes aired. These were after episode three, episode six, and episode eight.
Mike Casey (hurler)
Michael L. Casey (born 25 October 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays as a full-back for club side Na Piarsaigh and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team. His brother, Peter Casey, also plays for both teams.

2019 National Hurling League
The 2019 National Hurling League is the 88th season of the National Hurling League for county teams.

Kilkenny were the defending champions, having won the 2018 league.

The GAA announced a new broadcast agreement on 10 January 2019 that runs from 2019 until 2022. Eir Sport and RTÉ provide live TV coverage of the league on Saturday nights. TG4 broadcast Sunday afternoon games. The highlights programmes are RTÉ2's League Sunday on Sunday evenings, TG4's GAA 2019 on Monday evenings and Eir Sport's Allianz Leagues Reloaded on Wednesday evenings.

Limerick won their first league title since 1997 after a 1-24 to 0-19 win against Waterford in the final on 31 March.
Pin risk
Pin risk occurs when the market price of the underlier of an option contract at the time of the contract's expiration is close to the option's strike price. In this situation, the underlier is said to have pinned. The risk to the writer (seller) of the option is that they cannot predict with certainty whether the option will be exercised or not. So the writer cannot hedge their position precisely and may end up with a loss or gain. There is a chance that the price of the underlier may move adversely, resulting in an unanticipated loss to the writer. In other words, an option position may result in a large, undesired risky position in the underlier immediately after expiration, regardless of the actions of the writer.

Exercise (options)
The owner of an option contract has the right to exercise it, and thus require that the financial transaction specified by the contract is to be carried out immediately between the two parties, whereupon the option contract is terminated. When exercising a call option, the owner of the option purchases the underlying shares (or commodities, fixed interest securities, etc.) at the strike price from the option seller, while for a put option, the owner of the option sells the underlying to the option seller, again at the strike price.
Border guard
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties.

Civil Armed Forces
The Civil Armed Forces (CAF) are a group of nine paramilitary and gendarmerie organizations which fall under the Ministry of Interior, separate and distinct from the regular Pakistan Armed Forces, which fall under the Ministry of Defence. They are responsible for maintaining internal security, helping law enforcement agencies, border control, counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism, riot control, and anti-smuggling. They frequently operate alongside the Pakistani military in response to natural disasters. During times of war they can have their command transferred to the Ministry of Defence, and effectively combined to form a reserve force for the Pakistani military.