hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Advertising revenue
Advertising revenue is the monetary income that individuals and businesses earn from displaying paid advertisements on their websites, social media channels, or other platforms surrounding their internet-based content. In September 2018, the U.S Internet advertising market was estimated to be worth $111 billion, with market share being held mostly between Google, Facebook, Amazon,  and Microsoft. These companies earn revenue through online advertising but also have initiated pathways for individual users and social media influencers to earn an income. Individuals and businesses can earn advertising revenue through advertising networks such as Google AdSense, YouTube monetization, or Outbrain.

Ad blocking
Ad blocking (or ad filtering) is a software capability for blocking or altering online advertising in a web browser, an application or a network. This may be done using browser extensions or other methods, such as browsers with inside blocking.
Malahat, British Columbia
Malahat (/ˈmæləhæt/) is an unincorporated area in the Cowichan Valley, with municipal-type services delivered by the Cowichan Valley Regional District (Area A).  What could be considered the hub of the community is a small collection of businesses that includes the Malahat Gas station (which also serves as the Malahat Post Office) and the Malahat Chalet and the Moon Water Lodge.

A steep and rugged terrain has in the past precluded any significant residential development but new subdivisions are being built around the northern end of the area around the old Bamberton cement works and in the area adjoining Elkington Forest.  Most area residents live in isolated homes located off the highway.  In this context "Malahat" primarily refers to the Canada Post delivery district.

Fire protection to the Malahat area is provided by Malahat Fire Rescue.

Cowichan Valley
The Cowichan Valley is a region around the Cowichan River, Cowichan Bay and Cowichan Lake on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. There is some debate as to the origin of the name Cowichan, which many  believe to be an anglicized form of the First Nations tribal name Quw'utsun.
The Mysterious Mr. Davis
The Mysterious Mr. Davis is a 1939 British comedy drama film directed by Claude Autant-Lara and starring Henry Kendall, Kathleen Kelly and Alastair Sim. It was made as a quota quickie and distributed by the American company RKO Pictures. It was based on the 1928 novel The Partner by Jenaro Prieto and was released the same year as an Italian adaptation The Silent Partner.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
BMW Sauber F1.07
The BMW Sauber F1.07 is a Formula One single-seater racing car built by BMW Sauber for the 2007 Formula One World Championship. The chassis was designed by Willy Rampf, Walter Reidl, Jörg Zander and Willem Toet with the powertrain being designed by Heinz Paschen. The car was the first to have been designed fully by BMW, following their purchase of the former Sauber team. Initial pre-season testing was very positive, with many speculating that BMW could surprise some of the top teams with their performances when the season got underway.

2007 British Grand Prix
The 2007 British Grand Prix (formally the 2007 Formula 1 Santander British Grand Prix) was the ninth race of the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship. It was held on 8 July 2007 at the Silverstone Circuit. The race was won by Kimi Räikkönen after overtaking pole position driver Lewis Hamilton during the first round of pit stops. Second place was taken by Fernando Alonso and Hamilton was third. With his ninth straight podium, Hamilton set the record for most consecutive podium finishes in a debut season.

Following British driver Lewis Hamilton's win at the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix, circuit director Richard Phillips reported that ticket sales had "gone through the roof". Phillips added, "we haven't seen this level of interest since Mansell-mania in the late 80s and early 90s".
Riders of the Purple Wage
"Riders of the Purple Wage" (1967) is a science fiction novella by American writer Philip José Farmer. It appeared in Dangerous Visions, the New Wave science fiction anthology compiled by Harlan Ellison and won the Hugo Award for best novella in 1968, jointly with Weyr Search by Anne McCaffrey.

The title of the story is a take-off on Riders of the Purple Sage (1912), a Western novel by the American author Zane Grey. The novella contains multiple stylistic and literary allusions to James Joyce and his works; as with Ulysses (1922), it includes canonic references, journal entries, poem pieces, and standard prose, and the main character's surname is Winnegan, an allusion to Finnegans Wake (1939).

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
Lake Beatrice
Lake Beatrice is a 55-hectare (140-acre) natural lake on the lower eastern side of Mount Sedgwick in the West Coast Range of Western Tasmania, Australia.

Lake Beatrice is higher in altitude than the nearby Lake Burbury; however, it is not visible from that level, but can be seen either from the air or the higher slopes of the eastern part of Mount Lyell or the upper levels of Mount Sedgwick.

The lake was a reference point for the planned Great Western Railway that was considered at the end of the nineteenth century; however was never built.

The name of the lake and adjacent ground is tied into exploration leases held in the area.

The 3,000-hectare (7,400-acre) Lake Beatrice Conservation Area starts in the location of Lake Beatrice and continues north to Lake Huntley and Lake Rolleston; and it is bordered on either side by the 14,000-hectare (35,000-acre) Tyndall Regional Reserve.

Mount Lyell (Tasmania)
Mount Lyell is a mountain in the West Coast Range of Western Tasmania, Australia.

Mount Lyell has an elevation of 917 metres (3,009 ft) above sea level. The adjacent mountains are Mount Sedgwick to the north and Mount Owen to the south.

The mountain was named by Charles Gould in 1863 after geologist Charles Lyell, a supporter of Charles Darwin.

Mount Lyell was also the common short name of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company.
Nouzha Skalli
Nouzha Skalli (born May 25, 1950, in El Jadida, Morocco) is a Moroccan politician from the Party of Progress and Socialism who served as Minister of Solidarity, Women, Family, and Social Development from October 2007 until January 2012 in the government of Abbas El Fassi.

Skalli received her degree in pharmacy from the University of Montpellier.

Abbas El Fassi
Abbas El Fassi (/əˈbæs ɛl ˈfæsi/ ⓘ; Arabic: عباس الفاسي, romanized: ʿAbbās al-Fāsī; born 18 September 1940) is a Moroccan politician and businessman who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. El Fassi, a member of the Istiqlal Party, replaced independent Driss Jettou.
British Titan Products
British Titan Products was the manufacturer of Tioxide, a brand of white yet opaque pigment and whitening agent made from titanium dioxide. It was initially organised to replace titanium dioxide supplies that British paint manufacturers imported from Germany. This British industry was established as a joint venture in 1934 by two of the world's major mining and chemical businesses in conjunction with a major industrial consumer and a distribution business.

Tioxide became a wholly owned Imperial Chemical Industries subsidiary in 1992. Within ICI, now renamed after its principal product Tioxide, the business retained a separate identity, which it lost  when sold in 1999 to Huntsman Corporation. In 2014 Huntsman companies, including Tioxide, together formed the world's second-largest producer of titanium dioxide, second to DuPont. This business did not manufacture titanium metal.

Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes. It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.
Saint Mary's Battery (Marsalforn)
Saint Mary's Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Santa Marija), also known as Qolla s-Safra Battery (Maltese: Batterija tal-Qolla s-Safra) or Gironda Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Gironda), was an artillery battery in Marsalforn, limits of Żebbuġ, Gozo, Malta. It was built by the Order of Saint John in 1715 as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands.

The battery formed part of a chain of fortifications built to defend Marsalforn and nearby bays from Ottoman or Barbary attacks. Although the area was fortified by a number of towers, batteries, redoubts and entrenchments, all of these have been destroyed except for Qolla l-Bajda Battery between Qbajjar and Xwejni Bays.

The battery consisted of a semi-circular gun platform ringed by a parapet, and two blockhouses joined together by a wall. It has been demolished and no remains can be seen.

Marsalforn
Marsalforn (pronounced: Mars al-Forn), also written as M'Forn for shortcut purposes, is a town on the north coast of Gozo, the second largest island of the Maltese archipelago. The town lies between the hilltop towns of Xagħra and Żebbuġ. Associated with this town is the bay of Qbajjar. The town is part of the Żebbuġ local council.

Marsalforn is one of the most popular tourist resorts on Gozo. It is well served by hotels, guest houses, restaurants, bars, and beaches. There is only a small sandy beach in Marsalforn. However, along the rocky coastline are a number of interesting swimming spots.
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera
The Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera is a mid-size car manufactured and marketed for model years 1982–1996 by the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors—over a single generation. Body styles included a 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, and the 4-door wagon.

The Cutlass Ciera shared the front-wheel drive A platform with the Buick Century, Pontiac 6000 and Chevrolet Celebrity.

Coupe
A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors.

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".

Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".
Zinc selenide
Zinc selenide is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSe.  It is a lemon-yellow solid although most samples have a duller color due to the effects of oxidation. It is an intrinsic semiconductor with a band gap of about 2.70 eV at 25 °C (77 °F), equivalent to a wavelength of 459 nm. ZnSe occurs as the rare mineral stilleite, named after Hans Stille.

Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen selenide is an inorganic compound with the formula H2Se. This hydrogen chalcogenide is the simplest and most commonly encountered hydride of selenium. H2Se is a colorless, flammable gas under standard conditions. It is the most toxic selenium compound with an exposure limit of 0.05 ppm over an 8-hour period. Even at extremely low concentrations, this compound has a very irritating smell resembling that of decayed horseradish or "leaking gas", but smells of rotten eggs at higher concentrations.
Bangiales
Bangiales is an order of multicellular red algae of the class Bangiophyceae containing the families Bangiaceae, Granufilaceae, and possibly the extinct genus Rafatazmia with one species, Rafatazmia chitrakootensis. They are one of the oldest eukaryotic organisms, possibly dating back to 1.6 billion years old. Many species are used today as food in different cultures worldwide. Their sizes range from microscopic (Bangiomorpha) to up to two meters long (Wildemania occidentalis). Many of its species are affected by Pythium porphyrae, a parasitic oomycete. Similar to many other species of red algae, they reproduce both asexually and sexually. They can be both filamentous or foliose, and are found worldwide.

Bangia
Bangia is an extant genus of division Rhodophyta that grows in marine or freshwater habitats. Bangia has small thalli with rapid growth and high reproductive output, and exhibits behavior characteristic of r-selected species. The plants are attached by down-growing rhizoids, usually in dense purple-black to rust-colored clumps. The chloroplasts of Bangia, like others in the division Rhodophyta, contain chlorophyll a and sometimes chlorophyll d, as well as accessory pigments such as phycobilin pigments and xanthophylls. Depending on the relative proportions of these pigments and the light conditions, the overall color of the plant can range from green to red to purple to grey; however, the red pigment, phycoerythrin, is usually dominant.
24 Sextantis
24 Sextantis, often abbreviated as 24 Sex, is the Flamsteed designation of a 7th-magnitude star located approximately 236 light years away in the constellation of Sextans. At an apparent visual magnitude of 6.61, this star can only be viewed from rural skies under good seeing conditions.

At the age of 2.8 billion years, it has reached an evolutionary stage called a subgiant star, having a stellar classification of K0 IV. Previously it was an A-type main sequence star before using up the hydrogen at its core. It has 54% more mass than the Sun, but the outer envelope has become cooler than the Sun's as it slowly expands into a giant star.

The star is known to have two giant extrasolar planets.

Sextans
Sextans is a faint, minor constellation on the celestial equator which was introduced in 1687 by Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Its name is Latin for the astronomical sextant, an instrument that Hevelius made frequent use of in his observations.
Dogger Bank (1915) order of battle
The Battle of Dogger Bank was a naval engagement during the First World War that took place on 24 January 1915 near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the Kaiserliche Marine (High Seas Fleet).

The British surprised the smaller and slower German squadron, which fled for home. During a stern chase lasting several hours, the British caught up with the Germans and engaged them with long-range gunfire. The German squadron returned to harbour, with some ships in need of extensive repairs. The Germans lost Blücher and most of her crew. The British flagship Lion was out of action for several months, but they lost no ships and suffered few casualties.

After the British victory, both navies sacked officers who were thought to have shown poor judgement and made changes to equipment and procedures because of failings observed during the battle.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Ramón Aguirre Suárez
Ramón Alberto Aguirre Suárez (18 October 1944 – 29 May 2013) was an Argentine footballer who played as a defender. He was mainly known for being a part of the successful Estudiantes de La Plata team of 1967–1970.

1968 Copa Libertadores
The 1968 Copa Libertadores was the ninth edition of the Copa Libertadores, South America's premier association football competition. It was played between January 27 and May 16. A record 21 teams participated in this edition.

This edition brought the explosive debut of a humble team from the city of La Plata, capital of the Buenos Aires province, that did not find itself in the plateau of Argentine football. Estudiantes de La Plata, an authentic stranger in the highest levels of South American football, surpassed all expectations as they eliminated defending champions Racing and Independiente (two denominated "great" ones in Argentina as well as each having already won the tournament before).

With a talented prospect by the name of Juan Ramón Verón, the pincharatas beat Palmeiras 2–0 in a playoff after the final series finished 2–2 on points. Estudiantes conquered the title with an original style which emphasized athleticism and strategic preparation.
Terminology of alternative medicine
Alternative medicine is a term often used to describe medical practices where are untested or untestable. Complementary medicine (CM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), integrated medicine or integrative medicine (IM), functional medicine, and holistic medicine are among many rebrandings of the same phenomenon.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) is a United States government agency which explores complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). It was created in 1991 as the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM), and renamed the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) before receiving its current name in 2014. NCCIH is one of the 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH) within the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

NCCIH has been criticized for funding and marketing pseudoscientific medicine and quackery.
Goa Cricket Association Academy Ground
The Goa Cricket Association Academy Ground, formerly known as the District Institute of Education and Training Ground, is a cricket ground in Porvorim, Goa, India.  The first recorded match held on the ground came in November 2008 when Goa Under-16s played Kerala Under-16s.  Two first-class matches have been played at the ground, the first of which came in the 2011-11 Ranji Trophy.  The first saw Goa play Jharkhand, while the second saw Tripura as the visitors.  The Goa Cricket Academy is based at the ground.

Porvorim
Porvorim (pronounced [puːrʋɔrĩ]) is the de facto legislative and executive capital of the state of Goa as both the Goa Legislative Assembly and Secretariat are functioning from the same complex in the region of Alto Porvorim in porvorim.(Alto – Portuguese word meaning high or upper).
It is also the De facto judicial capital of Goa. The High Court of Bombay at Goa (Bombay High Court – Panaji Bench) is now functioning from here in a new building complex overlooking the Mandovi river. Earlier it was functioning from the Lyceum complex in Panaji.
Porvorim is situated on the right bank (north bank) of the Mandovi River, as de jure capital of Goa, Panaji is located on the opposite bank.
Porvorim is considered an upmarket residential hub as it lies on the Mumbai–Goa highway NH66. Goa's largest shopping centre – Mall De Goa – is situated here.
Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho
Shantinatha temple (IAST: Śāntinātha Mandir) is a Digambara Jain temple located among the Jain temple cluster in eastern Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. While its main deity is the Jain tirthankara Shantinatha, it includes 18 shrines with numerous Jain images.

The temple has been classified as a Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. This temple is part of UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other temples in Khajuraho Group of Monuments, listed for their testimony to the Chandela dynasty and their outstanding art and architecture.

Khajuraho
Khajuraho (pronunciationⓘ) is a city, near Chhatarpur in Chhatarpur district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. One of the most popular tourist destinations in India, Khajuraho has the country's largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous for their erotic sculptures. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 and is considered one of the "seven wonders" of India. The town's name, anciently "Kharjuravahaka", is derived from the Sanskrit word kharjur meaning "date palm".
North Lancashire and Cumbria League
The Cumbria Cricket League, formerly the North Lancashire and Cumbria League, is an independent club cricket league for teams in Northern Lancashire and Cumbria, England.

Other club cricket leagues in the North West of England include the Northern Premier Cricket League and the designated ECB Premier League Liverpool and District Cricket Competition as well as the independent Lancashire League and Central Lancashire League.

Lancashire League (cricket)
The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns, mainly but not exclusively, of East Lancashire. Its real importance is probably due to its history of employing professional players of international standing to play in the League. After declining earlier opportunities to have this status, the league became an ECB Premier League from the 2023 season.
McGrath Nunatak
McGrath Nunatak is a ridge-like nunatak at the west end of the Blånabbane Nunataks, standing 7 nautical miles (13 km) southeast of Van Hulssen Nunatak in Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for P.J. McGrath, a radio officer at Mawson Station who assisted in the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions' Framnes Mountains – Depot Peak survey during 1965.

Van Hulssen Nunatak
Van Hulssen Nunatak (67°59′S 62°45′E﻿ / ﻿67.983°S 62.750°E﻿ / -67.983; 62.750) is a nunatak at the south end of the Trilling Peaks in the Framnes Mountains, Mac. Robertson Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for Frits Van Hulssen, a technical officer (ionosphere) at Mawson Station in 1959.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Van Hulssen Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.