hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lava Glacier
Lava Glacier is located on the north slopes of Mount Adams a stratovolcano in Gifford Pinchot National Forest in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier descends from approximately 10,000 ft (3,000 m) to a terminus near 7,800 ft (2,400 m). Lava Glacier has been in a general state of retreat for over 100 years and lost 74 percent of its surface area between 1904 and 2006.

Lava Glacier was named by Harry Fielding Reid during his survey of Mount Adams' glaciers with C. E. Rusk in 1901.

Gifford Pinchot National Forest
Gifford Pinchot National Forest is a national forest located in southern Washington, managed by the United States Forest Service. With an area of 1.32 million acres (5,300 km2), it extends 116 km (72 mi) along the western slopes of Cascade Range from Mount Rainier National Park to the Columbia River. The forest straddles the crest of the South Cascades of Washington State, spread out over broad old-growth forests, high mountain meadows, several glaciers, and numerous volcanic peaks. The forest's highest point is at 12,276 ft (3,742 m) at the top of Mount Adams, the second-tallest volcano in the state after Rainier. Often found abbreviated GPNF on maps and in texts, it includes the 110,000-acre (450 km2) Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, established by Congress in 1982.
Four Star Air Cargo
Four Star Air Cargo was a cargo airline based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It operated cargo services within the U.S. and British Virgin Islands and to Puerto Rico. Its main base was Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport.

Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands
Charlotte Amalie (/ˈʃɑːrlət əˈmɑːli(ə)/ SHAR-lət ə-MAH-lee(-ə); Danish: [ʃɑˈlʌtʰə ɑˈmɑːljə]), on Saint Thomas, is the capital and largest town of the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is on the island's southern shore at the head of Charlotte Amalie Harbor. The town is known for its historic sites, Danish colonial architecture, harbor, and shopping. In 2020, it had a population of 8,194, making it the most densely populated town in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

It has a deep-water harbor that was once a haven for pirates (including Blackbeard) and is now one of the busiest ports of call for cruise ships in the Caribbean. About 1.5 million cruise ship passengers land there annually, and hundreds of ferries and yachts pass by each week. Protected by Hassel Island, the harbor has docking and fueling facilities, machine shops, and shipyards and was a U.S. submarine base until 1966.
Kappa1 Sagittarii
Kappa1 Sagittarii (κ1 Sagittarii) is a binary star in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.58, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. According to the Bortle scale, it can be viewed from dark suburban skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.12 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located around 223 light years from the Sun. It is advancing in the general direction of the Sun with a radial velocity of −11.6 km/s.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Agrarian Trade Union Federation
Agrarian Trade Union Federation (in Spanish: Federación Sindical Agraria) was a national-syndicalist trade union in Spain, founded in 1933 in Castile. The federation was linked to the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista.

National syndicalism
National syndicalism is a far-right adaptation of syndicalism within the broader agenda of integral nationalism that developed during the French Third Republic and spread to other romance regions like Italy and the Iberian Peninsula.
Pedro Proscurcin
Pedro Proscurcin (born in 21 March 1943) is a Brazilian lawyer and emeritus law professor. He served as Professor of Labour Law at the Álvares Penteado School of Commerce Foundation (FECAP) in Sao Paulo. His work is in the field of Individual and Collective Labour Law, Contracts (esp. relational contract and social rights) and Labour Economics (Economic Law).

His last book The Right to Information in Labor Relations (Direito à Informação nas Relações de Trabalho) (2022) deals with the Brazilian constitutional right to information in the context of labor relations.

Companhia Brasileira de Material Ferroviário
The Companhia Brasileira de Material Ferroviário (COBRASMA) (B3: CBMA3, CBMA4) was a private company (Grupo Vidigal) responsible for manufacturing part of Brazil's railway equipment. At its peak, it employed nearly 6,900 people and had annual sales exceeding 200 million dollars. After a severe crisis, it ceased its manufacturing activities in May 1998, with a debt of approximately R$600 million.
Connolly, Western Australia
Connolly is a northern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Joondalup adjacent to Joondalup's central business district. It was built in the late 1980s as a golf course estate. Its eastern border backs onto the Mitchell Freeway. Many homes feature on the edges of Connolly but the homes bordering the golf course are generally larger and more affluent.

The suburb was named in honour of John Connolly who held land in the area in 1838. Connolly was a private in the 63rd Regiment who arrived in the colony in 1829 and who farmed at Belhus and Bindoon after being discharged in 1834.

Belhus, Western Australia
Belhus is a rural north-eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, in the City of Swan local government area. It is located in the Swan Valley region, at the confluence of the Swan River and the Ellen Brook.

The locality is characterised by a low-density rural-residential landscape of hobby farms, vineyards and light agricultural industry. It also contains several preserved historic sites from the early Swan River Colony era of Western Australia, including the homestead of pioneer settler Henry Bull and the final resting place of Noongar warrior Yagan.
1999 President's Cup – Doubles
The 1999 President's Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on Hard in Tashkent, Uzbekistan that was part of the International Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 13 – 18 September.

Oleg Ogorodov and Marc Rosset won the title by defeating Mark Keil and Lorenzo Manta 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–1) in the final.

1999 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 1999 ATP Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 1999 calendar are the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup, which do not distribute ranking points, and are both organised by the ITF.

In April 1999 ATP signed a $1.2 billion 10-year-deal with the sports marketing agency ISL Worldwide to promote the sport. The deal gave ISL the commercial rights for the Super-9 tournaments as well as the ATP World Championship. The ATP also introduced a simplified ranking system and made participation in the Super-9 events mandatory for top players.
KZNG
KZNG (1340 AM) is an oldies radio station in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  It broadcasts with an ERP of 1 kW (1000 watts) from its broadcast tower near downtown Hot Springs.

KZNG is owned and operated by US Stations, LLC, a local company that also owns KLXQ, KQUS and KLAZ in Hot Springs, Arkansas and KLBL in Malvern, Arkansas. US Stations maintains studios at 125 Corporate Terrace, a building constructed for KRZB-TV (channel 26) in 1986 and expanded in 2006.

It broadcast on 1470 AM from its launch in 1954 until 1967 when it moved to its current frequency, 1340 AM.

KLAZ
KLAZ (105.9 FM) is a 100kw radio station broadcasting a Top 40 (CHR) format first broadcasting in 1977.  The station serves the Hot Springs, Arkansas & Central Arkansas area.  The station was owned by Central Arkansas Radio Group, LLC until December 7, 2016, when it was purchased by US Stations, LLC.

Michael Dean & Jennifer Bailey are the cohosts of the KLAZ Breakfast Scramble Morning Show. Jarrett Jackson covers the midday shift. Jennifer Bailey handles afternoon drive time.

This was the station where nationally syndicated radio host Bobby Bones got his start in radio.
Chowilla floodplain
The Chowilla floodplain is a floodplain adjacent to the Murray River, upstream of Renmark,  South Australia. The floodplain includes the Chowilla Game Reserve and Chowilla Regional Reserve, and also extends across the state border into New South Wales.

Renmark, South Australia
Renmark is a town in South Australia's rural Riverland area, and is located 254 km (157.83 mi) northeast of Adelaide, on the banks of the River Murray. The Sturt Highway between Adelaide and Sydney runs through the town; Renmark is the last major town encountered in South Australia when driving this route. It is a few kilometres west of the SA–Victoria and SA–NSW borders. It is 31 m (101.71 ft) above sea level.
Disciples of the New Church
The Disciples of the New Church, also known as the New Church Disciples or simply The New Church, were a professional wrestling stable in NWA Total Nonstop Action (NWA TNA) from June 19, 2002, to October 1, 2003.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Hortensia gens
The gens Hortensia was an ancient plebeian family in Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in the fifth century BC, but from that time somewhat infrequently until the final century of the Republic.  The most illustrious of the gens was the orator Quintus Hortensius, a man of great learning, and a contemporary of Cicero.  Under the Empire they seem to have sunk back into obscurity.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Ariel Hollinshead
Ariel Cahill Hollinshead (August 24, 1929 – September 10, 2019) was an American cancer researcher and professor who spent her career at George Washington University.  She was a pioneer in discovering tumor antigens and developing them as cancer vaccines. She is sometimes referred to as the "Mother of Immunotherapy."

Graduate Women in Science
Graduate Women in Science (GWIS), formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon (ΣΔΕ), is an international professional organization for women in science. It was established as a scientific women's fraternity in 1921 at Cornell University, United States. It played an important role for women scientists for some fifty years when they were not allowed membership in most mainstream scientific organizations. GWIS is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization with over 1,000 active members and more than 30 active chapters.
Nontransporting EMS vehicle
A nontransporting EMS vehicle is a vehicle that responds to and provides emergency medical services (EMS) without the ability to transport patients. For patients whose condition requires transport (e.g. to a hospital), an ambulance is necessary. In some cases they may fulfill other duties when not participating in EMS operations, such as policing or fire suppression.

Emergency medical technician
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to at least be EMT certified.

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies, governments, hospitals, and fire departments. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in rural areas) are volunteers. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a physician.

EMTs often work alongside other EMS professionals such as paramedics, who receive additional training and are granted a greater scope of practice.
Laurentius Carels
Laurentius Carels (1624–1688) was one of the first settlers of Delaware County, Pennsylvania and one of the first Swedish Lutheran clergyman in New Sweden. As was typical among Swedish ministers, he generally used a Latinized version of his name Laurentius Caroli Lockenius. He is listed in historical records under several different names, most commonly as Lars Carlsson Lock.

Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Tinicum Township, also known as Tinicum Island or The Island, is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,091 at the 2010 census, down from 4,353 at the 2000 census. Included within the township's boundaries are the communities of Essington and Lester.

John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum is located in the township and attracts visitors year-round. Philadelphia International Airport's international terminal, the western end of the airfield, and runways 9L/27R and 9R/27L are also located in the township.
Confraternity book
A confraternity book (German: Verbrüderungsbuch, Latin: liber confraternitatum or confraternitatis), also called a liber memorialis (memorial book) or liber vitae (book of life), is a medieval register of the names of people who had entered into a state of spiritual brotherhood (confraternity) with a church or monastery in some way, often by visiting it in the capacity of a pilgrim. Persons named in such a book were actively remembered in the prayers of the priests or monks. In many cases these books were established as early as the 8th century and continued up to the 13th century. So-called Jahrtagsbücher (year books) are in many ways their successors.

Confraternity books are a rich source for prosopography and historical linguistics of the early Middle Ages.

Confraternity
A confraternity (Spanish: cofradía; Portuguese: confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Holy Guardian Angels and the Confraternity of the Rosary.

Confraternities were "the most sweeping and ubiquitous movement of the central and later Middle Ages".
Ji Cheng (Ming dynasty)
Ji Cheng (simplified Chinese: 计成; traditional Chinese: 計成; 1582 – c. 1642) was a Ming dynasty garden designer.

Ji Cheng was born in the 10th year of the reign of the Wanli Emperor (1582) in Tongli, Wujiang County, Jiangsu province.

As a youth, Ji Cheng made a name for himself as a landscape painter and private garden designer, he admired two Northern Song painters: Guan Tong (关仝) and Jing Hao (荆浩).

During his lifetime, he designed numerous private gardens in Southern China. In his late years, he summarized his lifetime experience into a monograph on landscape design: (园冶), Yuanye: The Craft of Gardens, 1631.

Ji Cheng's Yuanye (园冶), is the first monograph dedicated to garden architecture in the world. His work has been translated into many languages.

Ji Cheng's thirty-five room former residence at Hueichuan Bridge, Tongli, is now a tourist attraction.

"The garden is created by the human hand, but should appear as if created by heaven."

Garden designer
A garden designer is someone who designs the plan and features of gardens, either as an amateur or professional. The compositional elements of garden design and landscape design are: terrain, water, planting, constructed elements and buildings, paving, site characteristics and genius loci, and the local climatic qualities.
Taglish
Taglish or Englog is code-switching and/or code-mixing in the use of Tagalog and English, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. The earliest use of the word Taglish dates back to 1973, while the less common form Tanglish is recorded from 1999.

Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejemon and Swardspeak.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Operation Overdrive (transportation)
Operation Overdrive is the name of a series of improvement programmes carried out by Arriva in their UK bus operations. The original Operation Overdrive was done by Arriva Southern Counties in the Medway Towns (Kent) in 2004, with further operations occurring in Maidstone (Kent), Merseyside, Leicestershire, County Durham, and Southend-on-Sea (Essex).

Plaxton Pointer
The Plaxton Pointer (originally known as the Reeve Burgess Pointer, and later as the TransBus Pointer and Alexander Dennis Pointer) is a single-deck midibus body that was manufactured between 1991 and 2006, predominantly on the Dennis Dart chassis, by Reeve Burgess, Plaxton and latterly Alexander Dennis.
Colón Department (Honduras)
Colón is one of the 18 departments into which Honduras is divided. It was created in 1881. The departmental capital is Trujillo, and the other main city is Tocoa. Trujillo was the site of the first Catholic mass on the American mainland, held when Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) reached the Honduran shore in 1502.

Colón harbors a substantial Garifuna population and has pristine beaches and rainforested national parks. The Fort of Santa Barbara, built by the Spaniards in the colonial era, was the site of the execution of US filibuster William Walker in Trujillo, and his remains are buried in the city's graveyard.

The department covers a total surface area of 8,875 km2 and, in 2007, had an estimated population of 284,900 people.

Departments of Honduras
Honduras is divided into 18 departments (Spanish: departamentos). Each department is headed by a governor, who is appointed by the President of Honduras. The governor represents the executive branch in the region in addition to acting as intermediary between municipalities and various national authorities; resolves issues arising between municipalities; oversees the penitentiaries and prisons in his department; and regularly works with the various Secretaries of State that form the President's Cabinet. To be eligible for appointment as a governor, the individual must: a) live for five consecutive years in the department; b) be Honduran; c) be older than 18 years of age and; d) know how to read and write.
2025–26 Nedbank Cup
The 2025–26 Nedbank Cup is the 2025–26 edition of South Africa's premier knockout club football (soccer) competition, the Nedbank Cup. It is the 54th season of the competition, and 19th under its current sponsor.

The defending champions are the competitions most successful club, Kaizer Chiefs, who broke a 10 year trophy drought to win the 2024–25 edition. They were knocked out in the round of 32 by Stellenbosch.

Nedbank Cup
The Nedbank Cup is the current name of South Africa's premier club soccer knockout tournament. While many formats have been used over the years, the tournament has always been based on the idea of giving lower league and amateur teams a chance to compete with clubs from the top league for the cup. The tournament is based on the English FA Cup, which has become known for "giant killings" (lower league clubs defeating a top-flight club).
1979 NAIA soccer championship
The 1979 NAIA Soccer Championship was the 21st annual tournament held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of men's college soccer among its members in the United States and Canada.

Two-time defending champions Quincy (IL) defeated Rockhurst in the final, 1–0, to claim the Hawks' ninth NAIA national title.

The final was  played at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois.

NAIA men's soccer championship
The NAIA Men's Soccer Championship is the annual tournament to determine the national champions of NAIA men's college soccer in the United States and Canada. It has been held annually since 1959.

The most successful program is Quincy (IL), with 11 NAIA national titles.

The current champions are Grand View, who won their first men's national title in 2025.
Malcesine
Malcesine is a comune (municipality) on the eastern shore of Lake Garda in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 miles) northwest of Venice and about 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Verona. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Scaliger
The House of Della Scala, whose members were known as Scaligeri (Italian: [skaˈliːdʒeri]) or Scaligers (/ˈskælɪdʒərz/), was the ruling family of Verona and mainland Veneto (except for Venice) from 1262 to 1387, for a total of 125 years.
Jaskula
Jaskóła or Jaskuła is a Polish surname. It is related to the surname Jaskółka ("swallow").

Notable people with the surname include:

Tomasz Jaskóła (born 1974), Polish politician

Henryk Jaskuła (1923–2020), Polish yachtsman

Zenon Jaskuła (born 1962), Polish racing cyclist

Jaskółka (surname)
Jaskólka is a Polish-language unisex surname derived from  the Polish word jaskółka,  "swallow". The surname may be phonemically transcribed as Jaskulka.

When transliterated via the Russian language, the surname accepts the forms Yaskolka or Yaskulka.

Notable people with the surname include:

Marek Jaskółka (born 1976), Polish triathlete

Magdalena Jaskółka, Polish 3-times national medalist in pair skating with Piotr Snopek