hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metronet (Western Australia)
Metronet (styled METRONET) is a multi-government agency in Western Australia. It is responsible for managing extensions to Perth's rail network. It was formed to deliver commitments made by the McGowan Government during the 2017 election campaign.

Thornlie railway station
Thornlie railway station is a suburban railway station on the Transperth network. Located seventeen kilometres (11 mi) from Perth station, it serves the suburb of Thornlie, Western Australia. It was the original terminus of the Thornlie line, a spur of the Armadale line, before the line was extended through to Cockburn Central station along the Mandurah line via two stations, Nicholson Road station and Ranford Road station. Upon completion of the extension, the Thornlie line was renamed the Thornlie-Cockburn line.
Dieffenbachia
Dieffenbachia, commonly known as dumb cane or leopard lily, is a genus of tropical flowering plants  in the family Araceae. It is native to the New World Tropics from Mexico and the West Indies south to Argentina. Some species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants, especially as houseplants, and have become naturalized on a few tropical islands.

Dieffenbachia is a perennial herbaceous plant with straight stem, simple and alternate leaves containing white spots and flecks, making it attractive as indoor foliage. Species in this genus are popular as houseplants because of their tolerance of shade. The English names, dumb cane and mother-in-law's tongue (also used for Sansevieria species) refer to the poisoning effect of raphides, which can cause temporary inability to speak. Dieffenbachia was named by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, director of the Botanical Gardens in Vienna, to honor his head gardener Joseph Dieffenbach (1790–1863).

Sansevieria
Sansevieria is a historically recognized genus of flowering plants, native to Africa, notably Madagascar, and southern Asia, now included in the genus Dracaena on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies. Common names for the 70 or so species formerly placed in the genus include mother-in-law's tongue, devil's tongue, jinn's tongue, bow string hemp, snake plant and snake tongue. In the APG III classification system, Dracaena is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Convallarioideae (formerly subfamily Nolinoideae); before that it was placed in family Ruscaceae. It has also been placed in the former family Dracaenaceae.
Alcamarinayoc
Alcamarinayoc (possibly from Aymara and Quechua allqamari mountain caracara) or Colque Cruz (possibly from Aymara and Quechua qullqi money, silver, Spanish cruz cross) is a 6,102-metre-high (20,020 ft) mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province,  Ocongate District. Alcamarinayoc lies northwest of the peak of Chumpe, north of Quevesere and northeast of Ichhu Ananta.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.
Historia Brittonum
The History of the Britons (Latin: Historia Brittonum) is a purported history of early Britain written around 829-30 that survives in numerous recensions from after the 11th century. The Historia Brittonum is commonly attributed to Nennius, as some recensions have a preface written in that name. Some experts have dismissed the Nennian preface as a late forgery and argued that the work was actually an anonymous compilation.

N. J. Higham
Nicholas John Higham FSA (born 1951) is a British archaeologist, historian, and academic. He was Professor of Early Medieval and Landscape History at the University of Manchester, and is now an emeritus professor.

Higham was trained as an archaeologist at Manchester, receiving his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1977. He taught at Manchester from 1977 to 2011.
17 Men and Their Music
17 Men and Their Music is a live album by the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band featuring performances recorded in West Germany in 1967 and first released on producer Gigi Campi's own label. The album's title phrase was added as a subtitle / "sticker" to re-issues of four Clarke-Boland Big Band albums: Faces: Gigi Campi Presents 17 Men and Their Music 1; All Smiles: Gigi Campi Presents 17 Men and Their Music 2; Latin Kaleidoscope: Gigi Campi Presents 17 Men and Their Music 3; Fellini 712: Gigi Campi Presents 17 Men and Their Music 4

Latin Kaleidoscope
Latin Kaleidoscope is an album by the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band featuring performances recorded in Germany in 1968 and released on the MPS label in Europe and also released in the US on Prestige Records.
Mina, Nuevo León
Mina is a town and municipality located in the Northwestern part of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. The population was 6,048 at the 2020 census. Its name honors Spaniard insurgent general Francisco Javier Mina, who fought for the Mexican side in the independence movement from Spain. Located at the northwestern part of the state of Nuevo León. Mina is a renowned tourist destination, for its mysticism and legends in the state of Nuevo León.

Salinas Victoria
Salinas Victoria is a municipality and town located in the center of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. It shares borders with 11 municipalities including, to the north Villaldama and Sabinas Hidalgo; to the south Escobedo and Apodaca; to the east Higueras, Ciénega de Flores and General Zuazua; and finally to the west with Mina, Hidalgo, Abasolo and El Carmen.

Salinas Victoria is the northernmost and, with an extension of 1,667 square kilometers, the largest municipality of the Monterrey metropolitan area. According to the 2005 census, it had a population of 27,848.
NGC 5940
NGC 5940 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the Serpens constellation. The galaxy was found on April 19, 1887, by Lewis Swift, an American astronomer. NGC 5940 is located 500 million light-years away from the Milky Way and it is approximately 140,000 light-years across in diameter.

NGC 5940 is a Seyfert type 1 galaxy and is considered a quasar according to the SIMBAD database. It is registered under the Markarian Catalogue as Markarian 1511 or MRK 9030. It has an bright active core, meaning there is a presence of an acceleration disc around its huge black hole. This in turn, emits strong radiation and ultraviolet rays that later get ejected into the depths of space.

Markarian galaxies
The Markarian galaxies are a class of galaxies that have nuclei with excessive amounts of ultraviolet emissions compared with other galaxies. Benjamin Markarian drew attention to these types of galaxies starting in 1963.  The nuclei of the galaxies had a blue colour, associated to stars in the classes from O to A. This blue core did not match the rest of the galaxy.  The spectrum in detail tends to show a continuum that Markarian concluded was produced non-thermally.  Most of these have emission lines and are characterized by highly energetic activity.
Markarian Catalogue entries are of the form "Markarian ####", and can frequently use the abbreviations Mrk, Mkr, Mkn; and rarely Ma, Mk, Mark.
R
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ar (pronounced /ˈɑːr/ ⓘ), plural ars.

The letter ⟨r⟩ is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant, after ⟨t⟩, ⟨n⟩, and ⟨s⟩.

Old Italic scripts
The Old Italic scripts are a family of ancient writing systems used in the Italian Peninsula between about 700 and 100 BC, for various languages spoken in that time and place. The most notable member is the Etruscan alphabet, which was the immediate ancestor of the Latin alphabet used by more than 100 languages today, including English. The runic alphabets used in Northern Europe are believed to have been separately derived from one of these alphabets by the 2nd century AD.
A. Quincy Jones
Archibald Quincy Jones FAIA (April 29, 1913 – August 3, 1979) was a Los Angeles–based architect and educator known for  innovative buildings in the modernist style and for urban planning that pioneered the use of greenbelts and green design.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
First Epistle to Timothy
The First Epistle to Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. The letter, traditionally attributed to the Apostle Paul, consists mainly of counsels to his younger colleague and delegate Timothy regarding his ministry in Ephesus (1:3). These counsels include instructions on the organization of the Church and the responsibilities resting on certain groups of leaders therein as well as exhortations to faithfulness in maintaining the truth amid surrounding errors.

Most modern scholars consider the pastoral epistles to have been written after Paul's death, although "a small and declining number of scholars still argue for Pauline authorship".

Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch (/ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰγνάτιος Ἀντιοχείας, romanized: Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (Ἰγνάτιος ὁ Θεοφόρος, Ignátios ho Theophóros, 'the God-bearing'), was an early Christian writer and the Patriarch of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters. This correspondence forms a central part of a later collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers. He is considered one of the three most important of these, together with Clement of Rome and Polycarp. Although the authenticity of his letters has been questioned, they continue to serve as an example of early Christian theology, and address important topics including ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the role of bishops.
The Dewar Manuscripts
The Dewar Manuscripts are a collection of oral folktales of the Scottish Highlands, recorded in writing between 1863 and 1871 by John Dewar. Dewar's writings were first translated from Gaelic to English in 1879 and since then have been published in multiple formats. The collection of the folktales was intended to ensure that they were not forgotten by the population of the Scottish Highlands, and the manuscripts serve today as both a cultural record and historical source.

Appin Murder
54°53′42″N 2°56′02″W﻿ / ﻿54.895°N 2.934°W﻿ / 54.895; -2.934

The Appin Murder (Scottish Gaelic: Murt na h-Apainn) was the assassination by a concealed marksman of Colin Roy Campbell, the Clan Campbell tacksman of Glenure and factor for the Forfeited Estates Commission, on 14 May 1752. The murder, which took place on the confiscated estate of Clan Stewart of Appin in Lochaber in the west of Scotland, was an act of violent resistance against the large scale clearances taking place on the estate during the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The assassination led to the trial and execution of James Stewart of the Glens, often characterized as a notorious miscarriage of justice. The murder also inspired events in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novel Kidnapped and its sequel Catriona.
John Arundel Barnes
John Arundel Barnes FBA (9 September 1918 – 13 September 2010) was an Australian and British social anthropologist. Until his death in 2010, Barnes held the post of Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Fellow of Churchill College.  From 1969 to 1982, he held the post of Professor of Sociology at the University of Cambridge. Previous positions include faculty posts in social anthropology at the University of Sydney and the Australian National University in Canberra, He also was associated with  Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, University College London, St John's College, Cambridge, Balliol College, Oxford and the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute. Barnes was a student of Max Gluckman in the Manchester School.

Rhodes-Livingstone Institute
The Rhodes-Livingstone Institute (RLI) was the first local anthropological research facility in Africa; it was founded in 1937 under the initial directorship of Godfrey Wilson. It is located a few miles outside Lusaka. Designed to allow for easier study of the local cultures of Northern Rhodesia, now Zambia, it became the base of operations for a number of leading anthropologists of the time.

Among the participating anthropologists at the RLI, In addition to Wilson, were Monica Hunter Wilson, Max Gluckman, J. Desmond Clark, Elizabeth Colson, E.L. Epstein, J. Clyde Mitchell, and William Watson.

Others have called attention to what they regard as misguidedness on the part of the RLI anthropologists, stemming from the fact that they were embedded in the colonial system and blind to its reality as a component in dialectic study. Contrasting views  are presented in a study by Lyn Schumaker (2001) and a chapter by Richard Brown (1973).
National Task Force
The National Task Force (Swedish: Nationella insatsstyrkan, NI) is the counter-terrorism unit within the National Operations Department of the Swedish Police Authority. It is a part of the National Intervention Concept (Swedish: Nationella insatskonceptet, NIK) which also includes regional task force groups.

Swedish Coast Guard
The Swedish Coast Guard (Swedish: Kustbevakningen) is a Swedish civilian government agency tasked with:

maritime surveillance and other control and inspection tasks as well as environmental cleanup after oil spills at sea.

co-ordinate the civilian needs for maritime surveillance and maritime information.

follow international development within the field and take part in international efforts to establish border controls, law enforcement at sea, environmental protection at sea and other maritime surveillance tasks.

The Swedish Coast Guard carries out some of its surveillance by air (from its base at Skavsta Airport south-west of Stockholm), and in the winter-time by hovercraft  and snowmobiles on the ice-covered waters of the Bothnian Bay from its Luleå station. The Coast Guard also has regular maritime duties in Vänern, Europe's third largest lake, operating out of Vänersborg.
Joseph Christian Humper
Joseph Christian Humper (Sherbro Island, 2 June 1946 - Freetown, 7 May 2024) was a bishop in the United Methodist Church. He served as chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Sierra Leone. He began his service as Bishop in 1993, during the Sierra Leone Civil War, and retired in 2008. He was succeeded by John K. Yambasu.

Sherbro Island
Sherbro Island is in the Atlantic Ocean, and is included within Bonthe District, Southern Province, Sierra Leone. The island is separated from the African mainland by the Sherbro River in the north and Sherbro Strait in the east. It is 32 miles (51 km) long and up to 15 miles (24 km) wide, covering an area of approximately 230 square miles (600 km2). The western extremity is Cape St. Ann. Bonthe, on the eastern end, is the chief port and commercial centre.

Historically, this was part of the territory of the historic Sherbro people, who dominated a large area of what is now Sierra Leone. Today they are concentrated in the southern and central part of Moyamba District. They make up by far the largest ethnic group in the island, where the total population is 28,457. The island has more than 65 miles (105 km) of tropical beaches. It has been earmarked by the Ministry for Tourism and Development of Sierra Leone for tourism development.
Aviatik D.VII
The Aviatik D.VII was a prototype German single-seat biplane fighter aircraft built by Aviatik in the last year of the First World War. It could not participate in the Third Fighter Competition of October 1918 because it used the wrong engine and it saw no military service, although 50 aircraft were possibly found in storage after the war. The only significant change from the earlier Aviatik D.VI was a completely new tail structure.

MG 08
The MG 08 (German: Maschinengewehr 08, lit. 'Machine gun 08') is a heavy machine gun (HMG) which served as the standard HMG of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was an adaptation of Hiram Maxim's 1884 Maxim gun design, and was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 also saw service during World War II in the infantry divisions of the German Army, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate "fortress" units.

Designated after 1908, the year it was adopted by the Imperial German Army, the MG 08 was a development of the license-made MG 01, which was a slight development of the MG 99 The MG 08's rate of fire depends on the lock assembly used and averages 500 rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and 600 rounds per minute for the Schloss 16. Additional telescopic sights were also developed and used in large quantities during World War I to enable the MG 08 to be used in long-range direct fire and indirect fire support roles.
Bholu Wala, Ferozepur
Bholu Wala is a village in Firozpur district, Punjab, India. Bholu Wala village comes under Ghall Khurd tehsil. The village came in 18th century from a person who belonged to the Babe K family[citation needed]. However, today Bholu Wala has changed with people's contribution[citation needed].

Firozpur district
Firozpur district, also known as Ferozepur district, is one of the twenty-three districts in the state of Punjab, India. Firozpur district comprises an area of 2,190 km2 (850 sq mi).

Firozpur (Ferozepur) is the capital city of the district. It is situated inside ten gates—Amritsari Gate, Wansi Gate, Makhu Gate, Zira Gate, Bagdadi Gate, Mori Gate, Delhi Gate, Magjani Gate, Multani Gate, and Kasuri Gate.
Hossein Vafaei
Hossein Vafaei (Persian: حسین وفایی; born 15 October 1994) is an Iranian professional snooker player. He is the first professional player from Iran. He won his first ranking title at the 2022 Snooker Shoot Out, beating Mark Williams 1–0 (71–0) in the final.

Vafaei made his Crucible debut at the 2022 World Snooker Championship, where he lost 4–10 to Judd Trump in the first round. He made his Masters debut at the 2023 event, replacing Zhao Xintong in the draw after the sport's governing body suspended Zhao amid a match-fixing investigation. Vafaei defeated Mark Selby 6–2 in the first round, but lost 4–6 to Jack Lisowski in the quarter-finals, despite equalling the tournament's highest break of 143 in the match.

IBSF World Under-21 Snooker Championship
The IBSF World Under-21 Snooker Championship (also known as the World Amateur Under-21 Snooker Championship) is the premier non-professional junior snooker tournament in the world. The event series is sanctioned by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation and started from 1987.

Four winners of this championship subsequently became world professional champion (Ken Doherty, Peter Ebdon, Ronnie O'Sullivan, Neil Robertson)
Focal mechanism
The focal mechanism of an earthquake describes the deformation in the source region that generates the seismic waves. In the case of a fault-related event, it refers to the orientation of the fault plane that slipped, and the slip vector and is also known as a fault-plane solution. Focal mechanisms are derived from a solution of the moment tensor for the earthquake, which itself is estimated by an analysis of observed seismic waveforms. The focal mechanism can be derived from observing the pattern of "first motions", whether the first arriving P waves break up or down. This method was used before waveforms were recorded and analysed digitally, and this method is still used for earthquakes too small for easy moment tensor solution. Focal mechanisms are now mainly derived using semi-automatic analysis of the recorded waveforms.

Hypocenter
A hypocenter or hypocentre (from Ancient Greek  ὑπόκεντρον (hupókentron) 'below the center'), also called ground zero or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air burst, or other mid-air explosion. In seismology, the hypocenter of an earthquake is its point of origin below ground; a synonym is the focus of an earthquake.

Generally, the terms ground zero and surface zero are also used in relation to epidemics, and other disasters to mark the point of the most severe damage or destruction. The term is distinguished from the term zero point in that the latter can also be located in the air, underground, or underwater.
Half-period ratio
In mathematics, the half-period ratio τ of an elliptic function is the ratio

of the two half-periods  and  of the elliptic function, where the elliptic function is defined in such a way that

is in the upper half-plane.

Quite often in the literature, ω1 and ω2 are defined to be the periods of an elliptic function rather than its half-periods. Regardless of the choice of notation, the ratio ω2/ω1 of periods is identical to the ratio (ω2/2)/(ω1/2) of half-periods. Hence, the period ratio is the same as the "half-period ratio".

Note that the half-period ratio can be thought of as a simple number, namely, one of the parameters to elliptic functions, or it can be thought of as a function itself, because the half periods can be given in terms of the elliptic modulus or in terms of the nome.
See the pages on quarter period and elliptic integrals for additional definitions and relations on the arguments and parameters to elliptic functions.

Quarter period
In mathematics, the quarter periods K(m) and iK ′(m) are special functions that appear in the theory of elliptic functions.

The quarter periods K and iK ′ are given by

and

When m is a real number, 0 < m < 1, then both K and K ′ are real numbers.  By convention, K is called the real quarter period and iK ′ is  called the imaginary quarter period.  Any one of the numbers m, K, K ′, or K ′/K uniquely determines the others.

These functions appear in the theory of Jacobian elliptic functions; they are called quarter periods because the elliptic functions  and  are periodic functions with periods  and  However, the  function is also periodic with a smaller period (in terms of the absolute value) than , namely .