hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick Bergin (politician)
Patrick Bergin (6 February 1913 – 16 April 1991) was an Irish politician and trade union official.

He was a Labour Party member of Seanad Éireann from 1954 to 1957. He was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 8th Seanad in 1954. He did not contest the 1957 Seanad election. He stood unsuccessfully for Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party candidate for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency at the 1948 general election.

His sons are the actors Emmet and Patrick Bergin.

8th Seanad
The 8th Seanad was in office from 1954 to 1957. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1954 general election to the 15th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 9th Seanad in 1957.
Phallic Rock
33°48′48.98″N 111°55′27.15″W﻿ / ﻿33.8136056°N 111.9242083°W﻿ / 33.8136056; -111.9242083
Phallic Rock is a precambrian granite rock formation in Carefree, Arizona, United States. The formation is caused by spheroidal weathering whereby the composition of the granite and its crystal structure facilitated the development of rounded corners and its unique phallic tubular shape. The formation is at the eastern foot of Black Mountain and can be found approximately 400 ft (120 m) east of Tom Darlington Drive on Stagecoach Pass Road. The formation is best viewed from the western side looking east. There is a dirt pull-off on the side of Stagecoach Pass Road with enough room for several vehicles.

Phallus
A phallus (pl.: phalli or phalluses) is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis or a mimetic image of an erect penis. In art history, a figure with an erect penis is described as ithyphallic.

Any object that symbolically—or, more precisely, iconically—resembles a penis may also be referred to as a phallus; however, such objects are more often referred to as being phallic (as in "phallic symbol"). Such symbols often represent fertility and cultural implications that are associated with the male sexual organ, as well as the male orgasm.
Gmina Niemce
Gmina Niemce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Niemce, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 141.16 square kilometres (54.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 19,652.

Lublin County
Lublin County (Polish: Powiat Lubelski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Lublin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Lublin County are Bełżyce, which lies 23 km (14 mi) west of Lublin, and Bychawa, 26 km (16 mi) south of Lublin.

The county covers an area of 1,679.42 square kilometres (648.4 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 154,760, out of which the population of Bełżyce is 6,504, that of Bychawa is 4,893, and the rural population is 143,363.
Pro Roscio Amerino
Pro Roscio Amerino is a defence speech given by Marcus Tullius Cicero on behalf of Sextus Roscius, a Roman citizen from the municipality of Amelia accused of murdering his father. Delivered in 80 BC, it was Cicero's first major public case. It is also his second-earliest surviving speech (after the Pro Quinctio).

Lucius Cornelius Chrysogonus
Lucius Cornelius Chrysogonus (died after 80 BC) was a Greek freedman of Lucius Cornelius Sulla whom Sulla put in charge of the proscriptions of 82 BC. He purchased the property of the proscribed Sextus Roscius Amerinus, worth 250 talents (the equivalent of 2,500,000 denarii), for only 2,000 denarii. Chrysogonus then accused Roscius's son, Sextus Roscius, of murdering his own father.  In 80 BC Chrysogonus was in turn accused of corruption by Marcus Tullius Cicero, who successfully defended Sextus Roscius during his trial. Very little is known of Chrysogonus after the trial, but it is frequently (although poorly supported in the sources) suggested that he was executed before Sulla’s resignation in 80 BC.
Amberley Museum Railway
The Amberley Museum Railway is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway based at Amberley Museum, Amberley, West Sussex. It has a varied collection of engines and rolling stock ranging from 18 in (457 mm) gauge to 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. It operates passenger trains at the museum using a mixture of steam, internal combustion and battery-electric locomotives.

Lydd Ranges
50°56′06″N 0°53′40″E﻿ / ﻿50.9349°N 0.8945°E﻿ / 50.9349; 0.8945

Lydd Ranges is a military firing range south of Lydd, in Kent, England, extending as far as the south coast.

It has been used for military training for over 150 years and is part of the Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay Site of Special Scientific Interest. Because the range is used for live firing, access is sometimes restricted - red flags are flown during these times, and access is prohibited along the foreshore and Galloways Road. Also, red lights are shown at restricted times if there is poor weather. The danger area extends out to sea, and mariners sailing to and from Rye Harbour must pass south of the Stephenson Shoal to avoid it. Firing occurs about 300 days a year. When firing is not taking place, it may be possible to walk along a designated path along the shore. Until the 90s it was home to the wreck of what is likely the only surviving Gun Carrier, 3-inch, Mk I, Churchill (A22D).
Agamyxis pectinifrons
The Spotted Raphael Catfish, or the Spotted Talking Catfish, is a freshwater Catfish [1] species in the Doradidae, or Thorny Catfish, family [2]. Scientifically named the Agamyxis pectinifrons meaning “very slimy combed” in Greek, this species of catfish is popular amongst aquarium enthusiasts for its manageable size, docile behavior, and unique appearance. Native to the Amazon Basin across the continent of South America, the Spotted Raphael/Talking Catfish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous species known for its definitive patterns and expressive noises.

Doradidae
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes  or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.

Doradids are omnivorous.
Two Knights Defense
The Two Knights Defense (also called the Prussian Defense) is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. e4 e5

2. Nf3 Nc6

3. Bc4 Nf6

First recorded by Giulio Cesare Polerio (c. 1550 – c. 1610) in c. 1580, this line of the Italian Game was extensively developed in the 19th century. Black's third move, attacking White's pawn on e4, is a more aggressive continuation than the Giuoco Piano with 3...Bc5. White’s most direct approach is 4.Ng5, immediately attacking Black’s vulnerable f7-pawn. David Bronstein noted that the term defense doesn’t capture the opening’s true character and suggested Chigorin Counterattack as a more accurate name. The Two Knights Defense has been played and analyzed by many aggressive players including Mikhail Chigorin, Paul Keres, and world champions Mikhail Tal and Boris Spassky.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 1975 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships took place in Skien, Norway. It was the 10th edition of the competition, which started in 1957. This was Nadia Comăneci's international breakthrough.

European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The European Women's Gymnastics Championships are an artistic  championships for female gymnasts from European countries organised by the European Union of Gymnastics. They are held annually, though rotate between two different formats.
Little Big Shots (Australian TV series)
Little Big Shots is an Australian variety show which premiered on the Seven Network on 27 August 2017. The program, based on the American format of the same name, is hosted by Shane Jacobson and features performances by children aged 3 to 13 years old. The program is produced by Warner Bros. International Television Production.

The program was set to premiere on 16 July 2017, but was delayed due to the ratings success of Australian Ninja Warrior on rival channel Nine Network, it subsequently premiered on 27 August 2017. In September 2017, the series was renewed for a second season, this time featuring children aged 4 to 13.

Although the series did not return in 2019, auditions for a third season were announced in August 2019 for an expected broadcast in 2020. Seven ultimately postponed plans for the new season in January 2020 to an unspecified future date.

Little Big Shots
Little Big Shots  (also known as LBS) is an American variety television series co-created and produced by Steve Harvey and Ellen DeGeneres. The series features children demonstrating talents and engaging in conversation with the host.

The series was ordered by NBC in May 2015 for an eight-episode first season, which premiered on March 8, 2016, with Steve Harvey as host. On March 14, 2016, NBC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on March 5, 2017. The series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on March 18, 2018. A special holiday episode aired on December 12, 2018. In May 2019, nearly a year after the third season finished airing, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a fourth season and that Melissa McCarthy would be replacing Harvey as the new host. The fourth season premiered on February 24, 2020.
Åslund
Åslund, Aaslund, or Aslund is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Acke Åslund

Anders Åslund (born 1952), Swedish economist

Lars-Göran Åslund (born 1945), Swedish cross-country skier

Per Åslund (born 1986), professional Swedish ice hockey player

Martin Åslund, Swedish professional association football player

Sanny Åslund, Swedish football (soccer) coach

Tobias Åslund, Swedish ski-orienteering competitor

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Annisse
Annisse is a town in the Gribskov Municipality in North Zealand, Denmark. It is located five kilometers south of Helsinge and 13 kilometers northwest of Hillerød.  As of 2025, it has a population of 315.

The sports club Annisse IF is based in the town.

Hillerød
Hillerød (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhiləˌʁœðˀ]) is a Danish town with a population of 36,604 (1 January 2025) located in the centre of North Zealand approximately 30 km to the northwest of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hillerød is the administrative centre of Hillerød Municipality and also the administrative seat of Region Hovedstaden (Capital Region of Denmark), one of the five regions in Denmark. It is most known for its large Renaissance castle, Frederiksborg Castle, now home to the Museum of National History. The town is surrounded by the former royal forests of Gribskov to the north and Store Dyrehave to the south.
Weller UW-9 Sprint
The Weller UW-9 Sprint is a German ultralight aircraft designed and produced by Weller Flugzeugbau of Bibersfeld. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Education Program for Gifted Youth
The Education Program for Gifted Youth (EPGY) at Stanford University was a loose collection of gifted education programs formerly located within Stanford Pre-Collegiate Studies program.  EPGY included distance and residential summer courses for students of all ages.   Many of the courses were distance learning, meaning that courses were taught remotely via the Internet, rather than in the traditional classroom setting. Courses targeted students from elementary school up to advanced college graduate.  Subjects offered included: Mathematics, English, Humanities, Physics, and Computer Science. Stanford Pre-Collegiate Studies is similar to the Center for Talented Youth at the Johns Hopkins University in terms of certain objectives. The EPGY courses themselves were offered by a number of institutions, including Stanford and Johns Hopkins.

In 2015, EPGY was separated from Stanford University as its own entity known as GiftedandTalented.com.
As of July 1, 2018, the service was discontinued.

Center for Talented Youth
The Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth (CTY) is a gifted education program for school-age children founded in 1979 by psychologist Julian Stanley at Johns Hopkins University. It was established as a research study into how academically advanced children learn and became the first program to identify academically talented students through above-grade-level testing and provide them with challenging learning opportunities.

CTY offers summer, online, and family programs to students from around the world and has nearly 30,000 program enrollments annually. CTY is accredited for students in grades K to 12 by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

CTY published the Imagine magazine that provided educational opportunities and resources and student-written content for middle and high school students. The magazine was discontinued in June 2018.
Tailby Meadow
Tailby Meadow is a 4.9 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Desborough in Northamptonshire. It is owned by Kettering Borough Council and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

Artificial fertilisers have never been used on this hay meadow, and it has not been ploughed for several hundred years. There are fifteen species of grass and diverse wild flowers, including black knapweed, lady's bedstraw and lady's smock, which is a food source for the orange tip butterfly.

The site can be accessed from the leisure centre off The Broadlands.

Desborough
Desborough is a town and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England, lying in the Ise Valley between Market Harborough and Kettering. It was an industrial centre for weaving and shoe-making in the 19th century and had a long association with the Co-operative movement.
Frank Brogan
Frank T. Brogan (born September 6, 1953) is an American educator and the former Assistant Secretary of Education (Elementary and Secondary Education). He succeeded Deborah S. Delisle.
He is the former Chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, former Chancellor of the State University System of Florida, and former President of Florida Atlantic University. He served as the 15th lieutenant governor of Florida, serving with Governor Jeb Bush.

Lieutenant Governor of Florida
The lieutenant governor of Florida is a statewide constitutional office in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the second highest-ranking official in the state government. The lieutenant governor is elected on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term.

Official duties dictated to the lieutenant governor under the present Florida Constitution are to serve as the acting governor in the absence of the governor from the state or the disability of the governor, or to become governor in the event of the governor's death, resignation or removal from office via impeachment.

Three lieutenant governors went on to serve as Governor of Florida: Marcellus Stearns, Wayne Mixson, and Buddy MacKay.

The office has been held by Jay Collins since his appointment by Governor Ron DeSantis on August 12, 2025, following predecessor Jeanette Nuñez's resignation to become interim president of Florida International University.
Non-conventional trademark
A non-conventional trademark, also known as a nontraditional trademark, is any new type of trademark which does not belong to a pre-existing, conventional category of trade mark, and which is often difficult to register, but which may nevertheless fulfill the essential trademark function of uniquely identifying the commercial origin of products or services.

The term is broadly inclusive as it encompasses marks which do not fall into the conventional set of marks (e.g. those consisting of letters, numerals, words, logos, pictures, symbols, or combinations of one or more of these elements), and therefore includes marks based on appearance, shape, sound, smell, taste and texture.

Non-conventional trademarks may therefore be visible signs (e.g. colors, shapes, moving images, holograms, positions), or non-visible signs (e.g. sounds, scents, tastes, textures).

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Belaj, Istria County
Belaj (Italian: Bellai) is a small village and Baroque Castle in Istria County, Croatia, in the municipality of Cerovlje. Castle Belaj is a registered Historical Heritage. Castle Belaj historically has numerous hectares of vineyard. In 2017 Belaj Castle opens to the public. In 2011, the population of the village is 16. In the vicinity of the village is another castle Posert.

Istria County
Istria County (/ˈɪstriə/; Croatian: Istarska županija; Italian: Regione istriana, lit. "Istrian Region") is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the majority of the Istrian peninsula.

Administrative centers in the county are Pazin, Pula (Pola) and Poreč(Parenzo). Istria County has the largest Italian-speaking population in Croatia. It borders Slovenia on the north.
S.K. Beveren
Sportkring Beveren (SK Beveren) is a Belgian professional association football club based in Beveren, East Flanders. The club is affiliated with the founded number 4068 and has yellow and blue as its colours. The team was founded in 1936 in Haasdonk and joined the Belgian Football Association in 1944 as FC Red Star Haasdonk. In 2002, the club moved to Sint-Niklaas and changed its name to KV Red Star Waasland. From 2010, it continued to play in Beveren under the name KVRS Waasland - SK Beveren until 2022, when it was renamed Sportkring Beveren. They play in the Challenger Pro League.

Haasdonk
Haasdonk is a village and deelgemeente (sub-municipality) of Beveren in East Flanders, Belgium. Haasdonk was an independent municipality until 1 January 1977, when it merged with Beveren as part of the fusion of municipalities in Belgium. It is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west of Antwerp.
Mei Foo South (constituency)
Mei Foo South, formerly called Mei Foo, is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sham Shui Po District Council, with an election every four years.

Mei Foo South constituency is loosely based on the southeastern area of the Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Manhattan Hill in Lai Chi Kok with estimated population of 16,563.

Mei Foo Sun Chuen
Mei Foo Sun Chuen or simply Mei Foo is a large private housing estate in Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Mei Foo Sun Chuen was the first large scale private housing estate in Hong Kong and at the time of completion, the 99-tower complex was considered the largest private housing development in the world, accommodating some 70,000 – 80,000 people in 13,521 apartments. It is considered to be one of the world's largest privately financed residential condominium projects.
Stargardt disease
Stargardt disease is the most common inherited single-gene retinal disease. In terms of the first description of the disease, it follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, which has been later linked to bi-allelic ABCA4 gene variants (STGD1).
However, there are Stargardt-like diseases with mimicking phenotypes that are referred to as STGD3 and STGD4, and have a autosomal dominant inheritance due to defects with ELOVL4 or PROM1 genes, respectively. It is characterized by macular degeneration that begins in childhood, adolescence or adulthood, resulting in progressive loss of vision.

Clinical study design
Clinical study design is the formulation of clinical trials and other experiments, as well as observational studies, in medical research involving human beings and involving clinical aspects, including  epidemiology . It is the design of experiments as applied to these fields. The goal of a clinical study is to assess the safety, efficacy, and / or the mechanism of action of an investigational medicinal product (IMP) or procedure, or new drug or device that is in development, but potentially not yet approved by a health authority (e.g. Food and Drug Administration). It can also be to investigate a drug, device or procedure that has already been approved but is still in need of further investigation, typically with respect to long-term effects or cost-effectiveness.

Some of the considerations here are shared under the more general topic of design of experiments but there can be others, in particular related to patient confidentiality and medical ethics.