hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Power graph analysis
In computational biology, power graph analysis is a method for the analysis and
representation of complex networks.  Power graph analysis is the computation, analysis and visual representation of a power graph from a graph (networks).

Power graph analysis can be thought of as a lossless compression algorithm for graphs. It extends graph syntax with representations of cliques, bicliques and stars. Compression levels of up to 95% have been obtained for complex biological networks.

Hypergraphs are a generalization of graphs in which edges are not just couples of nodes but arbitrary n-tuples. Power graphs are not another generalization of graphs, but instead a novel representation of graphs that proposes a shift from the "node and edge" language to one using cliques, bicliques and stars as primitives.

Biological network
A biological network is a method of representing systems as complex sets of binary interactions or relations between various biological entities. In general, networks or graphs are used to capture relationships between entities or objects. A typical graphing representation consists of a set of nodes connected by edges.
Acision
Acision was a privately held British mobile communications network infrastructure company engaged in messaging and charging systems that enable popular services such as Short message service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), mobile internet browsing, mobile broadband, and voicemail.  In particular, Acision specialised in providing IP messaging to over-the-top media services and other enterprises.

Acision was founded in 2007 as a spin-off of the wireless networks business from LogicaCMG.  It existed as an independent, private company until it was purchased by Comverse, Inc. in 2015.

Short Message service center
A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) is a network element in the mobile telephone network. Its purpose is to store, forward, convert and deliver Short Message Service (SMS) messages.

The full designation of an SMSC according to 3GPP is Short Message Service - Service Center (SMS-SC).8522076203
Fotki
Fotki is a digital photo sharing, video sharing and media social network website and web service suite; it is one of the world's largest social networking sites. As an image hosting service, Fotki licenses photo-sharing software for global companies such as Telecom Italia, Alice.it, Sears, Mark Travel, Vegas.com, and Funjet.com, among others.

As of January 2011, Fotki claimed to have over 1 million 600 thousand registered members from 241 countries and hosted over a billion digital images. It has been ranked in the 1400s in popularity by Alexa.

Originally offering free accounts, Fotki ceased offering free accounts in 2015.

Image hosting service
An image hosting service allows individuals to upload images to an Internet website. The image host will then store the image onto its server, and show the individual different types of code to allow others to view that image. Some examples are Flickr, Imgur, and Photobucket.
Listed buildings in Stirchley and Brookside
Stirchley and Brookside is a civil parish in the district of Telford and Wrekin, Shropshire, England, and contains the settlements of Stirchley and Brookside.  In the parish are five listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The most important listed building in the parish is a 12th-century church, and the other listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings.

Brookside, Telford
Brookside is a housing estate and suburb of Telford in the Telford and Wrekin borough of Shropshire, England. The original settlement of Brookside is a Radburn estate built in the early 1970s as part of the development of Telford New Town and is entirely within the confines of Brookside Avenue. Significant development has taken place around the outside of Brookside Avenue since the estate was built, the majority of which is part of Stirchley Park but falls within the Brookside ward for both Telford and Wrekin Council and Stirchley and Brookside Parish Council.
Byzantinism
Byzantinism, or Byzantism, is the political system and culture of the Byzantine Empire, and its spiritual successors  the Orthodox Christian Balkan countries of Greece and Bulgaria especially, and to a lesser extent Serbia and some other Orthodox countries in Eastern Europe like Belarus, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine. The term Byzantinism itself was coined in the 19th century.

The term has been criticized by modern scholars for being a generalization that is not very representative of the reality of the Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy.

Dimitri Obolensky
Dimitri Dimitrievich Obolensky FBA FSA (Russian: Дмитрий Дмитриевич Оболенский; 1 April [O.S. 19 March] 1918 – 23 December 2001) was a Russian-British historian who was Professor of Russian and Balkan History at the University of Oxford and the author of various historical works.
Dusios
In the Gaulish language, Dusios was a divine being among the continental Celts who was identified with the god Pan of ancient Greek religion and with the gods Faunus, Inuus, Silvanus, and Incubus of ancient Roman religion. Like these deities, he might be seen as multiple in nature, and referred to in the plural (dusioi), most commonly in Latin as dusii. Although the Celtic Dusios is not described in late-antique sources independently of Greek and Roman deities, the common functionality of the others lay in their ability to impregnate animals and women, often by surprise or force. Dusii continue to play a role in the magico-religious belief systems of Gaul and Francia as a type of incubus in early-medieval paganism and Christianity.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
DJ Mensah
Michael Mensah Ayenu, better known as DJ Mensah, is a Ghanaian DJ, events promoter and entrepreneur. He was the official DJ for 15 time Ghana Music and BET awards winner Sarkodie. Known as the "Untouchable", he holds a track record of events to his name such as Akwaaba UK's "December In Ghana" events, "Party in the Park" as well as his annual DJ Mensah "All White Party". He is also the CEO of an event company called A-Town entertainment. In 2017, he was awarded best DJ at the 2017 Ghana entertainment awards. In 2018, he founded and launched the "DJ Mensah Foundation and touched lives of young ones at the borstal home in Accra. He was also nominated for the Best DJ at the Ghana music and Arts Awards Europe .

Sarkodie (rapper)
Michael Owusu Addo (born 10 July 1985), known professionally as Sarkodie (/sɑːrˈkɔːdiɛ/), is a Ghanaian rapper, songwriter, and entrepreneur from Tema. His contributions to the Ghanaian music industry have earned him numerous accolades, including the Ghana Music Award for Artiste of the Decade. He won Best International Flow Artist at the 2019 BET Hip Hop Awards. Sarkodie is considered one of the major proponents of the Azonto genre and dance. He has been labeled a "multifaceted rapper" and frequently raps in Twi.
Franciscan missions to the Maya
The Franciscan Missions to the Maya were the attempts of the Franciscans to Christianize the indigenous peoples of the New World, specifically the Maya. They began to take place soon after the European discovery of the New World made by Christopher Columbus in 1492, which opened the door for Catholic missions. As early as 1519 there are records of Franciscan activity in the Americas, and throughout the early 16th century the mission movement spreads from the original contact point in the Caribbean to include Mexico, Central America, parts of South America, and the Southwestern United States.

The goal of the missions was to spread the Christian faith to the people of the New World through "word and example". Their attempts, however, resulted in rebellion.

Diego de Landa
Diego de Landa Calderón, O.F.M. (12 November 1524 – 29 April 1579) was a Spanish Franciscan bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Yucatán. He led a campaign against idolatry and human sacrifice. In doing so, he burned Maya manuscripts (codices) which contained knowledge of Maya religion and civilization, and the history of the American continent. Ironically, however, his work in documenting and researching the Maya was indispensable in achieving the current understanding of their culture, to the degree that Mayanist William Gates asserted that "ninety-nine percent of what we today know of the Mayas, we know as the result either of what Landa has told us in the pages that follow, or have learned in the use and study of what he told". He also described that "it is an equally safe statement that... he burned ninety-nine times as much knowledge of Maya history and sciences as he has given us".
2007 Wakefield Metropolitan District Council election
The 2007 Wakefield Metropolitan District Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council in West Yorkshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party kept overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Labour 40

Conservative 16

Independent 4

Liberal Democrat 3

Wakefield Council
Wakefield Council, also known as the City of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council, is the local authority of the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. Wakefield has had a council since 1848, which has been reformed on several occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the 1974 reforms. It meets at County Hall and has its main offices at Wakefield One.
Miss Bahamas 2012
The Miss Bahamas 2012 pageant was held on July 30, 2012. Twenty candidates competed for the national crown. The chosen winner will represent The Bahamas at the Miss Universe 2012 and Miss International 2012 pageants. The costume of the winner of the best national costume award will be used at Miss Universe 2012. Miss World Bahamas will enter Miss World 2013. The First Runner Up entered Miss Intercontinental, the Second Runner Up entered Miss Supranational, and the Third Runner Up entered Top Model of the World. This is the last time Miss Bahamas World and Miss Bahamas Universe were held together in one Miss Bahamas pageant. After this, the Miss Bahamas Organization restructured the contest into two separate Miss Bahamas pageants, one to crown Miss Bahamas for Miss World and the other to crown Miss Bahamas for Miss Universe.

Miss International 2012
Miss International 2012, the 52nd Miss International pageant, was held on October 21, 2012, at Okinawa Prefectural Budokan Arena Building in Okinawa, Japan. Fernanda Cornejo from Ecuador crowned her successor Ikumi Yoshimatsu from Japan at the end of the event.

Yoshimatsu was dethroned shortly before the end of her reign, but she was not replaced. She was ordered by The International Culture Association (Miss International organizer) to skip the succession ceremony and “play sick and shut up” out of fear of scandal.
Victoria Memorial Square
Victoria Memorial Square is a park and former cemetery in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1793 as the burial place for those affiliated with the nearby Toronto Garrison (Fort York). It was the first cemetery to be used by European settlers in what would become the city of Toronto. Originally known as St. John's Square, the park today is part of Fort York National Historic Site, and the site of a monument to the War of 1812 sculpted by Walter Seymour Allward and completed in 1902.

St. Andrew's Market and Playground
St. Andrew's Playground is a small park in downtown Toronto. It is located at the 450 Adelaide Street West, at the northwest corner of Brant St and Adelaide. It has a playground for children and an off-leash area for dogs that is surrounded by a short fence, with an accessible water fountain for pets, children, and adults. A Heritage Toronto plaque in the northwest corner describing the history and significance of the park was installed in 2007.
Loch Neldricken
Loch Neldricken is a loch in Galloway to the south-east of Merrick, south of Craig Neldricken and west of Craignaw. The loch is almost bisected by a long promontory. It drains via the short Mid Burn into Loch Valley and then via Gairland Burn down to Loch Trool.

An inlet at the west of the loch is marked on maps as 'Murder Hole' and features in SR Crockett's The Raiders. However, the original 'Murder Hole' was a well on the Glen Trool to Straiton road where the bodies of travellers who had been robbed and murdered were dumped and Crockett moved the location for his book.

The loch has suffered from acidification but has recovered to some extent, with the pH increasing from around 4.4 in 1978 to 5.4 in 2003. Between 1983 and 2003 the loch's DOC levels increased.

Loch Valley
Loch Valley is a loch in Galloway Forest Park to the east of Buchan Hill, north of the Rig of the Jarkness and southwest of Craignaw. It drains via Gairland Burn down to Loch Trool.

The loch has a catchment area entirely on the Loch Doon granite, is oligotrophic, and has suffered from gradual acidification since the mid-19th century leading to the elimination of the original Brown Trout population. It has recovered to some extent, with the pH increasing slowly from around 4.4 in 1978 to 5.2 in 2003.

Between 1983 and 2003 the loch's dissolved organic carbon levels increased, and the loch had a sediment accumulation rate of around 0.01 g cm−2 yr−1 from 1850 to 1975.
Charles Miles (general)
Lieutenant General Charles George Norman Miles, CMG, DSO (10 November 1884 – 18 February 1958), commonly known as C.G.N. Miles, was a senior officer in the Australian Army during the Second World War. Miles was Commandant of the Royal Military College, Duntroon from 1935 to 1939 and Adjutant General from 1939 to 1940, before succeeding Lieutenant General Vernon Sturdee as General Officer Commanding Eastern Command in June 1940.

He was granted the local rank of lieutenant colonel while serving with Imperial Troops in India in February 1927.

Lieutenant general (Australia)
Lieutenant general (abbreviated LTGEN and pronounced 'lef-tenant general') is the second-highest active rank of the Australian Army. It was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general, and is considered a three-star rank.

The rank of lieutenant general is held by the Chief of Army. The rank is also held when an army officer is the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, or the Chief of Joint Capabilities. The Chief of Capability Development Group, disestablished in 2016, also carried three-star rank.

Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general. Lieutenant general is the equivalent of vice admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force. The insignia for a lieutenant general is the Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton.
Allochem
Allochem is a term introduced by Folk to describe the recognisable "grains" in carbonate rocks. Examples would include ooids, peloids, oncolites, pellets, fossil or pre-existing carbonate fragments. Fragments are still termed allochems if they have undergone chemical transformations – for example if an aragonite shell were to dissolve and be later replaced by calcite, the replacement would still be deemed an allochem.

The allochems are typically embedded in a matrix of micrite (lime mud) or sparry calcite.

Oncolite
Oncolites are sedimentary structures composed of oncoids, which are layered structures formed by the growth of one or more species of microorganisms, usually containing cyanobacteria. Oncolites are very similar to stromatolites, but, instead of forming columns, they form approximately spherical structures.  The oncoids often form around a central nucleus, such as a shell fragment, and a calcium carbonate structure is deposited by encrusting microbes.  Oncolites are indicators of warm waters in the photic zone, but are also known in contemporary freshwater environments.  These structures rarely exceed 10 cm in diameter.

Oncolites may have either a porostromate or spongiostromate texture. Most oncolites are spongiostromate, having no recognisable cellular texture or microstructure. Porostromate oncolites are mostly unknown during the Precambrian; since the Eocene they have mostly been confined to freshwater environments.
National Desert Storm and Desert Shield Memorial
The Desert Shield and Desert Storm Memorial is under construction in Washington, D.C. near the Lincoln Memorial. It will honor members of the armed forces who participated in Operation Desert Storm or Operation Desert Shield.

The National Desert Storm and Desert Shield War Memorial Act (H.R. 503) authorized the National Desert Storm Memorial Association to establish a memorial in the capital without use of federal funds. The bill was incorporated into Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (H.R. 3979) and was enacted in December 2014.

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015
The Carl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (proposed as H.R. 4435, passed as H.R. 3979, Pub. L. 113–291 (text) (PDF)) was a National Defense Authorization Act. According to the House Armed Services Committee, which oversaw the legislation, the bill would be "the comprehensive legislation to authorize the budget authority of the Department of Defense and the national security programs of the Department of Energy." The total appropriations that are authorized amount to approximately $600 billion for fiscal year 2015.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress and signed into law on December 19, 2014.
Raymond Hamilton
Raymond Elzie Hamilton (May 21, 1914 – May 10, 1935) was a member of the notorious Barrow Gang during the early 1930s. By the time he was 20 years old, he had accumulated a prison sentence of 362 years.

Huntsville, Texas
Huntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. Its population was 45,941 as of the 2020 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area. Huntsville is in the East Texas Piney Woods on Interstate 45 and home to Sam Houston State University, Texas State Prison, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville State Park, and HEARTS Veterans Museum of Texas.

The city served as the residence of Sam Houston, the first and third president of the Republic of Texas, who later represented the state in the U.S. Senate and as Governor of Texas. He is recognized in Huntsville by the Sam Houston Memorial Museum, a statue on Interstate 45, and Sam Houston State University, located in central Huntsville.
Honguyeh
Honguyeh (Persian: هنگويه, also Romanized as Hongūyeh and Hangooyeh; also known as Hengenūyeh, Hengū, and Hongū) is a village in Mahmeleh Rural District, Mahmeleh District, Khonj County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 190, in 33 families.

Mahmeleh Rural District
Mahmeleh Rural District (Persian: دهستان محمله) is in Mahmeleh District of Khonj County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chah Tus. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Mahmeleh, now a city.
2016 Adelaide 500
The 2016 Clipsal 500 Adelaide was a motor racing event for V8 Supercars, held on the weekend of 4 to 6 March 2016. The event was held at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Adelaide, South Australia, and consisted of two races of 125 kilometres and one race of 155 km in length. It was the first event of fourteen in the 2016 International V8 Supercars Championship and hosted Races 1, 2 and 3 of the season. The event was the 18th running of the Adelaide 500.

The three races were won by Jamie Whincup, James Courtney and Nick Percat respectively. Percat's win was the first for Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport and came in the midst of controversy surrounding pit stop regulations. The third race was also affected by adverse weather conditions, which caused the race to be red flagged, and eventually finished 30 laps short of the scheduled length. Michael Caruso, despite not winning a race, left the event with the championship lead.

2016 International V8 Supercars Championship
The 2016 International V8 Supercars Championship (often simplified to the 2016 V8 Supercars Championship and known from 1 July as the 2016 Virgin Australia Supercars Championship) was an FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for Supercars. It was the eighteenth running of the Supercars Championship and the twentieth series in which Supercars have contested the premier Australian touring car title.

Mark Winterbottom started the season as the defending drivers' champion, while Triple Eight Race Engineering were the defending teams' champions.

Shane van Gisbergen, driving for Triple Eight Race Engineering, secured his first championship title with one race remaining, winning eight races during the season. Triple Eight Race Engineering won the Teams' Championship for the seventh consecutive season. Van Gisbergen, along with Alexandre Prémat, also won the Pirtek Enduro Cup.
Karditsomagoula
Karditsomagoula (Greek: Καρδιτσομαγούλα) is a large village in the Karditsa regional unit in Greece, with nearly 2,000 inhabitants. It is part of the municipality of Karditsa and is situated north of the central area of Karditsa, separated from it by the Greek National Road 30 (Arta - Trikala - Karditsa - Volos). It has a grid layout consisting of six 1,500-metre roads (North–South) and eleven 900-metre roads (East–West). It is located southeast of Trikala, southeast of Larissa, west of Palamas, northwest of Sofades, and northeast of the Plastiras Dam.

Farmlands dominate the area around Karditsomagoula, the main product being cotton covering 26,000 acres (105 square kilometres) of land.  Other products include cattle, fruit and vegetables, and some flowers. The whole population prior to the late-20th century, and much of the population today, are farmers.

Palamas
Palamas (Greek: Παλαμάς) is a town and a municipality in the Karditsa regional unit, Greece. Palamas is located south-southwest of Larissa, the capital of Thessaly, northwest of Lamia, north of Sofades, east-northeast of Karditsa and east-southeast of Trikala.  Palamas is linked with the road linking Karditsa and Larissa. It also serves roads with the GR-6 (Larissa - Trikala - Ioannina - Igoumenitsa) and Sofades.  The Pineios River is to the north as well as the Trikala regional unit.
Maryland Legislative District 34
Maryland's Legislative District 34 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers part of Harford County. The district is divided into two sub-districts for the Maryland House of Delegates: District 34A and District 34B.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.