hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fanny Finch
Fanny Finch (born Frances Combe; 9 April 1815 – 15 October 1863) was an English immigrant to Australia who became a prominent businesswoman in the town of Castlemaine during the Victorian gold rush. She was born in London to black parents and was raised in a foundling hospital. She arrived in the colony of South Australia in 1837, marrying the following year before moving to the colony of Victoria in the early 1850s. She soon became a successful restaurateur in Castlemaine. In 1856, 52 years before women's suffrage was achieved in Victoria, Finch and another unnamed woman used their status as ratepayers to cast votes during municipal elections. She has been cited as one of Australia's first female voters and one of the earliest whose identity is known. Their votes were later disallowed and the law was amended to explicitly exclude women from voting.

Australian gold rushes
During the Australian gold rushes, starting in 1851, significant numbers of workers moved from elsewhere in Australia and overseas to where gold had been discovered. Gold had been found several times before, but the colonial government of New South Wales (Victoria did not become a separate colony until 1 July 1851) had suppressed the news out of the fear that it would reduce the workforce and destabilise the economy.

The Australian gold rushes changed the convict colonies into more progressive cities with the influx of free immigrants.

After the California Gold Rush began in 1848, many people went there from Australia, so the New South Wales government sought approval from the British Colonial Office for the exploitation of mineral resources, and offered rewards for finding gold.
2025 in Thailand
The following is a list of events and scheduled events in the year 2025 in Thailand. The year 2025 is the 244th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It is the tenth year in the reign of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X), and is reckoned as year 2568 in the Buddhist Era, the Thai calendar.

Ubon Ratchathani province
Ubon Ratchathani (Thai: อุบลราชธานี, pronounced [ʔù.bōn râːt.tɕʰā.tʰāː.nīː]; Northeastern Thai: อุบลราชธานี, pronounced [ʔǔ.bōn lâːt.sā.tʰa᷇ː.ni᷇ː]), often shortened to Ubon (อุบลฯ), is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces. It lies in lower northeastern Thailand (also called Isan). Ubon is about 630 km (390 mi) from Bangkok. Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise) Sisaket, Yasothon, and Amnat Charoen. To the north and east it borders Salavan and Champasak of Laos, to the south  Preah Vihear of Cambodia.
Clermont, Capitale-Nationale
Clermont (French pronunciation: [klɛʁmɔ̃] ⓘ) is a ville in the Canadian province of Quebec, and the seat of government for the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality. It is located on the southern banks of the Malbaie River.

Ville
Ville is a French word meaning "city" or "town", but its meaning in the Middle Ages was "farm" (from Gallo-Romance VILLA < Latin villa rustica) and then "village". The derivative suffix -ville is commonly used in names of cities, towns and villages, particularly throughout France, Canada and the United States.
Glenville (Eutaw, Alabama)
Glenville, also known as the Jincy P. Glenn House, is a historic house in Eutaw, Alabama, United States. The structure was built in the mid-1840s for Jincy Pride Glenn.  She was born in Virginia in 1776.  Jincy Glenn was the widow of Daniel Glenn of Union County, South Carolina. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Antebellum Homes in Eutaw Thematic Resource on April 2, 1982, due to its architectural significance.

Eutaw, Alabama
Eutaw (/ˈjuːtɔː/ YOO-taw) is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 2,937. The city was named in honor of the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last engagement of the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas.
WMBA
WMBA (1460 AM) is a commercial radio station based in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. It used to simulcast a news/talk radio format with WBVP. On September 16, 2023, WMBA switched to a country-rock hybrid called The Beaver. The station is owned by St. Barnabas Broadcasting, Inc., a division of the Saint Barnabas Health System. The studios and offices are on Seventh Avenue in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.

WMBA transmits with 110 watts during the daytime and 120 watts during the nighttime, using a non-direction antenna, and is licensed to Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

Ambridge, Pennsylvania
Ambridge is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated in 1905 as a company town by the American Bridge Company, Ambridge is located 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Pittsburgh along the Ohio River. The population was 6,972 at the 2020 census.
Flora, Trøndelag
Flora is a village in Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Nea River, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the municipal center of Mebonden and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the village of Græsli in the neighboring Tydal Municipality. The Flora Chapel is located in this village.

Græsli
Græsli is a village in Tydal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the Nea River, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the municipal center of Ås and about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) west of the village of Aungrenda.
Richard Gardner (embryologist)
Sir Richard Lavenham Gardner, FRSB, FRS (born 10 June 1943) is a British embryologist and geneticist. He is currently an Emeritus Professor at the University of York, and was previously a Royal Society Research Professor.

Since 1982, he has been Chair of the Royal Society Working Group on human embryo research, stem cells and cloning. He was the President of the Institute of Biology from 2006 to 2008, President of the Institute of Animal Biotechnology from 1986 to 2006 and is currently Chair of Trustees of the Animals in Science – Education Trust.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), previously Fellowship of the Society of Biology (FSB), is an award and fellowship granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Biology has adjudged to have made a "prominent contribution to the advancement of the biological sciences, and has gained no less than five years of experience in a position of senior responsibility".
Gebroek
Gebroek (Limburgish: Gebrook) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Echt-Susteren, and lies about 11 km north of Sittard.

The hamlet was first mentioned around 1700 as Broich, and means "swampy land". Gebroek was home to 150 people in 1840.

Sittard
Sittard (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɪtɑrt]; Limburgish: Zitterd [ˈzɪtəʀt]) is a city in the Netherlands, situated in the southernmost province of Limburg.

The town is part of the municipality of Sittard-Geleen and has almost 37,500 inhabitants in 2016.

In its east, Sittard borders the German municipality of Selfkant (in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia).

The city centre is located at 45 m above sea level.
Network NorthWest
Network NorthWest was a brand name of British Rail which was applied for a short period to the provincial railway network in North West England. It was launched in 1989 during British Rail's sectorisation programme which created distinct brand identities for regional sub-divisions.

The Network NorthWest name mirrored the larger Network SouthEast brand which had been rolled out on the rail network around London and the South East of England since 1982. Network NorthWest promoted suburban and regional railway services centred on Manchester and was jointly funded by British Rail, the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive and Lancashire County Council. Some Network NorthWest services overlapped with those of neighbouring Merseyrail, another British Rail regional network which was centred on Liverpool.

History of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994
The history of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994 covers the period when the British railway system was nationalised under the name of 'British Railways', latterly known as British Rail until its eventual privatisation in 1994.

The railway system in this period underwent modernisation, reorganisation and rebranding, some of which proved controversial. The use of steam locomotives on the network also ended in this period. Due to falling passenger numbers, rail subsidies from the government were necessary to keep the railways financially viable. Concerns about the levels of these contributed to the Beeching cuts that closed down many less well used lines.
Chairman's Handicap (ATC)
The Chairman's Handicap is an Australian Turf Club Group 2 Thoroughbred quality handicap horse race for horses three years old and older, held over a distance of 2600 metres at Randwick Racecourse, Sydney, Australia, in April. The winner of this race is exempt from ballot and penalty in weights for the ATC Sydney Cup.

Randwick Racecourse
Royal Randwick Racecourse is a racecourse for horse racing located in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. Randwick Racecourse is Crown Land leased to the Australian Turf Club and known to many Sydney racegoers as headquarters. The racecourse is located about six kilometres south-east from the Sydney Central Business District in the suburb of Randwick. The course proper has a circumference of 2224m with a home straight of 410m.

On 14 October 2017, the inaugural running of The Everest was held at Royal Randwick. The Everest is the richest race in Australia and the richest turf race in the world with $15 million in prize money.

Since 2014, Randwick hosts The Championships, a two-day season-ending meeting in April that offers over AUD$20 million in prize money. It features several Group 1 races such as the Australian Derby, Doncaster Handicap and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

Other annual events include the Sydney Carnival, Spring Carnival and the Chinese Festival of Racing.
Starmedia
StarMedia (stylized as starMedia) is a Latin American Internet brand, co-founded in August 1996 by Fernando Espuelas and Jack Chen as the first pan-regional Internet portal for Spanish and Portuguese speaking audiences.

Hearst Communications
Hearst Corporation, Hearst Holdings Inc. and Hearst Communications Inc. is an American multinational mass media and business information conglomerate owned by the Hearst family and based in Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan in New York City.

Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, television channels, and television stations, including the Albany Times-Union, Houston Chronicle, Austin American-Statesman, San Francisco Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire. It owns 50 percent of the A&E Global Media cable network group and 18 percent of the sports television company ESPN Inc. The conglomerate also owns Fitch Group and First Databank.

The company was founded by William Randolph Hearst, a newspaper owner who was most well known for his use of yellow journalism. The Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management.
Ray Bonneville
Raymond J. Bonneville (born October 11, 1948) is a Canadian-born American musician, singer and songwriter. Born in Canada, and raised in the United States, Bonneville is a folk and blues-influenced, song and groove man who is strongly influenced by New Orleans, Louisiana.

To date, Bonneville has released ten records and, in 2000, won the prestigious Juno Award (Canadian Grammy) for his third album Gust of Wind. As a touring musician Bonneville plays more than one hundred and fifty shows a year across the United States, Canada and Europe.

Folk Alliance International
Folk Alliance International (previously the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance) is a non-profit organization that produces an annual conference that is the world's largest gathering of the folk music industry and community. Founded in 1989, FAI is an advocacy, professional development and networking organization, and is one of the five largest music conferences in North America. As of 2016, FAI has a membership of approximately 3,000, and a budget of US$1,000,000.

Members include record companies, publishers, presenters, agents, managers, music support services, manufacturers and artists that work in the folk music industry.

Jennifer Roe is the current executive director, who was appointed to the role in April 2024.  FAI currently has 7 full-time staff members, and 8 contract staff members who work for the organization from various international locations.
Atomic Puppet
Atomic Puppet is a Canadian-French animated television series created by Jerry Leibowitz and Mark Drop. The series is a co-production between Canadian independent animation studio Mercury Filmworks, French VFX, motion graphics and animation company Technicolor and French film studio Gaumont's animation division Gaumont Animation. The series premiered on Teletoon in Canada, on France 4 in France, and on Disney XD worldwide. It made its debut on July 18, 2016 on Disney XD in the United States, with the final episode airing on February 21, 2017. A total of 26 episodes were produced.

The series revolves around the adventures of seventh grader Joey Felt and his partner AP, a world-renowned superhero who has been reduced to life as a powerless, blue sock puppet, until he's placed on Joey's hand. Together, the two transform into Mega City's newest superhero duo, Atomic Puppet.

Gaumont Animation
Gaumont Animation (formerly known as Alphanim and Gaumont Alphanim) is a French animation studio owned by Gaumont founded in February 1997 by Christian Davin. The company's animated catalog comprises over 800 half-hours, broadcast in over 130 countries.

Its productions include Mona the Vampire, Robotboy, Galactik Football, Calimero, Noddy, Toyland Detective (after the rights were acquired from DreamWorks Animation in 2013), Trulli Tales, Belle and Sebastian, Furiki Wheels, F is for Family, and Samurai Rabbit: The Usagi Chronicles. Film projects in development include Plunder and a musical adaptation of Paul McCartney's novel High in the Clouds.
Brookthorpe-with-Whaddon
Brookthorpe-with-Whaddon, formerly just Brookthorpe, is a civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 308, increasing to 322 at the 2011 census. In 2019 the population was estimated at 395. It consists of the small villages of Brookthorpe and Whaddon, both to the south of Gloucester.

Whaddon is almost contiguous with the Gloucester suburb of Tuffley, while Brookthorpe is 1 mile (1.6 km) farther south, on the other side of the M5 motorway and close to the escarpment of the Cotswold hills.

To the north of the parish is the unparished area of the City of Gloucester. Parishes adjoining Brookthorpe-with-Whaddon are: Upton St Leonards to the north-east; Painswick to the east; Harescombe to the south; Haresfield to the south-west; and Quedgeley to the west. The last is in Gloucester district, the others are in Stroud district.

Stroud District
51°44′53″N 2°12′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.748°N 2.216°W﻿ / 51.748; -2.216

Stroud District is a local government district in Gloucestershire, England. The district is named after its largest town of Stroud. The council is based at Ebley Mill in the district of Cainscross, west of central Stroud. The district also includes the towns of Berkeley, Dursley, Nailsworth, Stonehouse and Wotton-under-Edge, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Over half of the district lies within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Forest of Dean, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, Cotswold and South Gloucestershire.
Cotton, Staffordshire
Cotton is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) north-east of Cheadle.

Cotton Hall, originally built in the 17th century, was the home of Cotton College from 1863 until its closure in 1987.

Cheadle, Staffordshire
Cheadle is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands District of Staffordshire, England. It is located between Uttoxeter, Leek, Ashbourne and Stoke-on-Trent. Dating back to Anglo-Saxon times, it lies within the historic Staffordshire Hundred of Totmonslow. In 2011 the parish had a population of 12,165.
Kenneth Kent Mackenzie
Kenneth Kent Mackenzie (1877–1934) was a lawyer and amateur botanist who wrote extensively on the genus Carex in North America. The standard author abbreviation Mack. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Carex heteroneura
Carex heteroneura is a species of sedge known by the common name different-nerve sedge. It is native to western Canada and the western United States, where it grows in moist mountain habitat such as forests and meadows.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1616
United Nations Security Council resolution 1616, adopted unanimously on 29 July 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1493 (2003), 1533 (2004), 1552 (2004), 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005) and 1596 (2005), the Council extended sanctions against the country for a further year after relevant parties did not comply with its demands.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1565
United Nations Security Council resolution 1565, adopted unanimously on 1 October 2004 after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 31 March 2005 and authorised an additional deployment of 5,900 troops and police. It reaffirmed the commitment to respect the “sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence [sic]” of Congo and States in the region.

The increase in the size of MONUC was ordered following the Secretary-General Kofi Annan's call for additional troops, though the 5,900 additional personnel was lower than he had recommended. The adoption of Resolution 1565 marked the beginning of one of the largest and most rapid reconfigurations of a United Nations peacekeeping mission ever attempted.
Hydrazide
Hydrazides in organic chemistry are a class of organic compounds with the formula R−NR1−NR2R3 where R is acyl (R'−C(=O)−), sulfonyl (R'−S(=O)2−), phosphoryl ((R'−)2P(=O)−), phosphonyl ((R'−O−)2P(=O)−), etc. and R1, R2, R3 and R' are any groups (typically hydrogen or organyl). Unlike hydrazine and alkylhydrazines, hydrazides are nonbasic owing to the inductive influence of the acyl, sulfonyl, or phosphoryl substituent.

Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
Kulen Mountain
Kulen Mountain (72°39′S 3°18′W﻿ / ﻿72.650°S 3.300°W﻿ / -72.650; -3.300) is a projecting-type mountain on the northwest side of Jøkulskarvet Ridge, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52).

Jøkulskarvet Ridge
Jøkulskarvet Ridge (72°40′S 3°18′W﻿ / ﻿72.667°S 3.300°W﻿ / -72.667; -3.300) is a large mountainous ridge with an ice-capped summit, just northeast of Høgfonna Mountain in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and from air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and named Jøkulskarvet (the glacier mountain).
Norman Buttigieg
Norman Buttigieg (born 18 February 1956) is a Maltese former footballer who played as a sweeper.

At the club level he played primarily with Hibernians in the 1970s and 1980s, winning three league titles at the club. He also earned 20 caps with the Malta national team.

Maltese Second Division
The Maltese Second Division (also known as the BOV Second Division due to sponsorship reasons) was the third-highest division in Maltese football until 2020 when it was merged with the Maltese Third Division to create the National Amateur League.
Bollinger Canyon Creek
Bollinger Canyon Creek is an approximately 6.72-mile-long (10.81 km) stream in Contra Costa County, California in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is a tributary of San Ramon Creek which is part of the Walnut Creek watershed. The creek derives its name from the surname of a family who settled in the area in the 19th century.

Contra Costa County, California
Contra Costa County (/ˌkɒntrə ˈkɒstə/ ⓘ; Contra Costa, Spanish for 'Opposite Coast') is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,165,927. The county seat is Martinez. It occupies the northern portion of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area and is primarily suburban. The county's name refers to its position on the other side of the bay from San Francisco. Contra Costa County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Zebulon Vance
Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 37th and 43rd governor of North Carolina, a U.S. senator from North Carolina, and a Confederate officer during the American Civil War.

A prolific writer and noted public speaker, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era periods. As a leader of the New South, Vance favored the rapid modernization of the Southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North. A Philosemite, he frequently spoke out against antisemitism. A progressive at his time, Vance was also a slave owner and is now regarded as a racist by some modern historians and biographers.

Philosemitism
Philosemitism, also called Judeophilia, is "defense, love, or admiration of Jews and Judaism". Such attitudes can be found in Western cultures across the centuries. The term originated in the nineteenth century by self-described German antisemites to describe their non-Jewish opponents. American-Jewish historian Daniel Cohen of the Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies has asserted that philosemitism "can indeed easily recycle antisemitic themes, recreate Jewish otherness, or strategically compensate for Holocaust guilt."