hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Pendleton
David Alexander Pendleton (born February 2, 1967) is a former Minority Floor Leader of the Hawaii House of Representatives, from 1998 until 2002. As a member of the Republican Party, he served four two-year terms (1996-2004) as a state representative for Kailua and Kaneohe.

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
The lieutenant governor of Hawaii (Hawaiian: Hope kiaʻāina o Hawaiʻi) is the assistant chief executive of the U.S. state of Hawaii and its various agencies and departments, as provided in the Article V, Sections 2 though 6 of the Constitution of Hawaii. Elected by popular suffrage of residents of the state on the same ticket as the governor of Hawaii, the officeholder is concurrently the secretary of State of Hawaii.

The officeholder becomes acting governor of Hawaii if the governor becomes disabled from duty. Historically, Hawaii lieutenant governors were members of either the Hawaii Democratic Party or Hawaii Republican Party. Four have gone on to become governor of Hawaii: George Ariyoshi, Ben Cayetano, John D. Waiheʻe III, and Josh Green.
Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1971
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1971 (c. 52) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

It implemented recommendations contained in the third report on statute law revision, by the Law Commission.

The whole was repealed for by Group 1 of Part IX of schedule 1 to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998.

The enactments which were repealed (whether for the whole or any part of the United Kingdom) by this act were repealed so far as they extended to the Isle of Man on 25 July 1991.

Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998 (c. 43) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provided reform to the statute law in the areas of administration of justice, ecclesiastical law, education, finance, Hereford and Worcester, inclosure acts, Scottish Local Acts, Slave Trade Acts, as well as other miscellaneous items.

The act implemented recommendations contained in the sixteenth report on statute law revision, by the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission.
Insular monasticism
Insular monasticism refers to a distinct form of Christian monastic life that developed in the British Isles (Ireland and Britain) during the early medieval period—roughly between the 5th and 9th centuries. It is associated especially with Celtic Christianity and the monastic traditions of Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and northern England.

There is archaeological evidence of insular monasticism as early as the mid 5th century, influenced by establishments in Gaul such as the monastery of Martin of Tours at Marmoutier, the abbey established by Honoratus at Lérins; the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel; and that of Germanus at Auxerre. Many Irish monks studied at Candida Casa near Whithorn in what is now Galloway in Scotland.

John Cassian
John Cassian, also known as John the Ascetic and John Cassian the Roman, (c. AD 360 – c. 435), was a Christian monk and theologian celebrated in both the Western and Eastern churches for his mystical writings. Cassian is noted for his role in bringing the ideas and practices of early Christian monasticism to the medieval West.
Stefania Yakovleva
Stefania Yakovleva (Russian: Стефания Яковлева; Greek: Στεφανία Γιακόβλεβα; born 29 October 2007) is a Russian-born Cypriot figure skater. Competing in women's singles, she is the 2025 Gordion Cup champion and the 2025 Robin Cousins Cup silver medalist. She is the first Cypriot skater to qualify for the Winter Youth Olympic Games.

Union Figure Skating Trophy
The Union Figure Skating Trophy (formerly the Abu Dhabi Classic Trophy (2023-24) and FBMA Trophy (2015-17)) is an annual international figure skating competition which is generally held in January in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. It is the only figure skating competition in the Arab world included on the International Skating Union's calendar. Medals may be awarded in men's singles and women's singles at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Gull River (Lake Nipigon)
The Gull River is a river in Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Great Lakes Basin and is a tributary of Lake Nipigon.

The river is a cold water system, with a number of rapids and waterfalls. The lower 24 km (15 mi) and upper reaches of the river consist of sandy, meandering portions, with numerous loops and oxbow lakes. Its middle section is in a morainal-dominated valley with narrow straight channels where whitewater sections flow over bedrock.

The Gull River is a documented canoe route, linking interior lakes such as Garden and Mooseland Lakes to Lake Nipigon.  From Garden Lake Road (Highway 811) to Highway 527, the route is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) long, taking between 5 and 8 days. There are 15 documented portages and few campsites, which are not signed and see little to no maintenance. It is only recommended for experienced paddlers with whitewater skills.

Gull Bay First Nation
Gull Bay First Nation or Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek (Gayaashki-zaagiing Anishinaabeg in the Fiero orthography) is an Anishinaabe (Ojibway) First Nation band government located in Thunder Bay District in northwestern Ontario, Canada.  It is approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) north of Thunder Bay, Ontario on Highway 527 on the western shore of Lake Nipigon. As of May 2010, the First Nation had a registered population of 1,149 people, including an on-Reserve population of 328.
Mazaetullus
Mazaetullus (Numidian: ⵎⵙⴷⵍ, MSDL; Ancient Greek: Μεσότολος) was a Numidian prince and a de facto ruler of the Massylii in Eastern Numidia during the reign of Lacumazes. He rose to prominence in the late 3rd century BCE amid a period of succession struggles, inciting the Massylian civil war in 206 BCE, and organized a revolt against the ruling family, successfully usurping the throne from Capussa. Mazaetullus also engaged in the Second Punic War as an ally of Carthage, and was the brother-in-law of Hannibal.

Barcids
The Barcid (Punic: 𐤁𐤓𐤒, romanized: baraq) family was a notable Punic (Phoenician) family in the ancient city of Carthage; many of its members were fierce enemies of the Roman Republic. "Barcid" is an adjectival form coined by historians (cf. "Ramesside" and "Abbasid"); the actual byname was the Northwest Semitic Barca or Barcas, which means lightning (He ברק). See برق, barq in Arabic, berqa in Maltese, መብረቅ mebrek’ in Amharic, Akkadian (aka Assyrian, Babylonian, Barku) and Neo-Assyrian Syriac (Barkho).
Cisownik, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Cisownik [t͡ɕiˈsɔvnik] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Smyków, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Smyków, 13 km (8 mi) south of Końskie, and 27 km (17 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Smyków, Gmina Smyków
Smyków [ˈsmɨkuf] is a village in Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Smyków. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) south of Końskie and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Costalimaita
Costalimaita is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. The genus is distributed in South America. It was established by the Czech entomologist Jan Bechyné in 1954, and is dedicated to the Brazilian entomologist Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima.

In Brazil, adults of the species C. ferruginea are commonly reported attacking and causing severe damage to eucalyptus plants of any age. They are also associated with other members of the plant family Myrtaceae.

Eumolpinae
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles, including more than 500 genera and 7000 species. They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
Cryogenic seal
Cryogenic seals provide a mechanical containment mechanism for materials held at cryogenic temperatures, such as cryogenic fluids. Various techniques, including soldering and welding are available for creating seals; however, specialized materials and processes are necessary to hermetically entrap cryogenic constituents under vacuum-tight conditions. Most commonly used are liquid helium and liquid nitrogen, which boil at very low temperatures, below −153 °C (120 K), as well as hydrocarbons with low freezing points and refrigerating mixtures. Pure indium wire or solder preform washers are accepted as the most reliable low temperature sealing materials. When correctly formed, indium will afford leak rates of less than 4.0x10 -9 mbar- liter/sec. Alternative cryogenic seal materials include silicone grease conical seals, and Pb/Sn (lead-tin) wire seals.

Liquid helium
Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquid helium may show superfluidity.

At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid form only at the extremely low temperature of −269 °C (−452.20 °F; 4.15 K). Its boiling point and critical point depend on the isotope of helium present: the common isotope helium-4 or the rare isotope helium-3. These are the only two stable isotopes of helium. See the table below for the values of these physical quantities. The density of liquid helium-4 at its boiling point and a pressure of one atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals) is about 125 g/L (0.125 g/ml), or about one-eighth the density of liquid water.
1937 Heze earthquakes
The 1937 Heze earthquakes struck the Mudan District in Shandong Province, China on July 31 and August 1 respectively. The moment magnitude 7.0 and 6.7 earthquakes were centered near the city of Heze. Although the total number of casualties has never been finalized, at least 3,252 people died and 12,701 were injured. The earthquakes also killed more than 6,000 livestock and destroyed 470,000 homes. Due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, rescue operations by the Chinese government were ineffective.

Heze
Heze (Chinese: 菏泽; Chinese: 菏澤; pinyin: Hézé), formerly known as Caozhou, is the westernmost prefecture-level city in Shandong province, China, bordering Jining to the east and the provinces of Henan and Anhui to the west and south respectively. The total area is 12238.62 square kilometers and the population is 10.58 million. It governs Mudan District and Dingtao District, 2 districts and 7 counties including Caoxian, Chengwu, Shanxian, Juye, Yuncheng, Juancheng and Dongming.

There are more than 100 cultural relics and historic sites in the territory, 6 national-level cultural relics protection units, and 52 provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Places of interest include Caozhou Peony Garden, Yuncheng Water Margin, Sunbin Tourist City, Dingtao Han Tomb, Shanxian Archway, Jinshan Mountain, Fangshan Mountain, Fulong Lake, the scenery of the old Yellow River route, etc.
Insulin receptor substrate 1
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this, followed by a poorly conserved C-terminus tail. Together with IRS2, IRS3 (pseudogene) and IRS4, it is homologous to the Drosophila protein chico, whose disruption extends the median lifespan of flies up to 48%. Similarly, Irs1 mutant mice experience moderate life extension and delayed age-related pathologies.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and by a related hormone called IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors.  This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. IGF-1 plays an important role in growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults – meaning that it can induce hypertrophy of skeletal muscle and other target tissues. Mice lacking the IGF-1 receptor die late in development, and show a dramatic reduction in body mass. This testifies to the strong growth-promoting effect of this receptor.
Lavanam
Goparaju Ramachandra Lavanam (10 October 1930 – 14 August 2015), known popularly as G. Lavanam or Lavanam, was an Indian social reformer and Gandhian. He worked to remove untouchability in Indian society. He was an atheist and co-founded the Samskar institution with his wife Hemalatha Lavanam. Chennupati Vidya and G. Samaram are his siblings.

Gandhians
The followers of Mahatma Gandhi, one of the prominent figure of the Indian independence movement, are called Gandhians.

Gandhi's legacy includes a wide range of ideas ranging from his dream of ideal India, those being environmentalism, women's rights, animal rights, spirituality, truth, nonviolence, asceticism, among others. Thus Gandhians hailing from a wide range of work profile attribute their ideas to him.

An overwhelming number of Bharat Ratna awardees are such individuals. In a 2012 poll called The Greatest Indian, the jury decided to keep Gandhi out as it "is impossible for anyone to come close to the father of the nation when it comes to leadership, impact and contribution". The poll included as many as 10 individuals in top 20 who were either close aides, disciples, successors or Gandhian ideologues.
Sleaszy Rider Records
Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Jinjuseong
Jinjuseong (Korean: 진주성; Hanja: 晋州城), was a walled city now in Jinju, South Korea. It was designated Historic Site of South Korea No. 118 on 21 January 1963.

Located on the Nam River and close to the port of Busan, Jinju has long been a key city for invasions from Japan. Originally the walls were built with mud, but they were rebuilt with stones in 1377, and collapsed two years later due to Japanese sea pirates, and thus in the 5th year of King Woo of the Goryeo Dynasty (1379). with the walls  being completed in 1380.

Historic Sites (South Korea)
Historic Sites (Korean: 사적) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for places of important historical value. It is managed by the Administrator of the Cultural Heritage Administration, under article 25 of Cultural Heritage Protection Act of South Korea.

More recent structures, namely those from the late 19th century to the 1940s, are not eligible for listing as "Historic Sites", but rather may be officially listed under the designation 'Cultural Heritage of Early Modern Times' under 'Registered Cultural Heritage'. This can be done "if they are highly valuable and on the verge of destruction or deterioration".
New Delhi–Howrah main line
The New Delhi–Howrah main line is a railway line connecting Delhi and Kolkata cutting across northern India. The 1,531 km (951 mi) railway line was opened to traffic in 1866 with the introduction of the "1 Down/2 Up Mail" train.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Point estimation
In statistics, point estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value (known as a point estimate since it identifies a point in some parameter space) which is to serve as a "best guess" or "best estimate" of an unknown population parameter (for example, the population mean). More formally, it is the application of a point estimator to the data to obtain a point estimate.

Point estimation can be contrasted with interval estimation: such interval estimates are typically either confidence intervals, in the case of frequentist inference, or credible intervals, in the case of Bayesian inference. More generally, a point estimator can be contrasted with a set estimator. Examples are given by confidence sets or credible sets. A point estimator can also be contrasted with a distribution estimator. Examples are given by confidence distributions, randomized estimators, and Bayesian posteriors.

Minimum mean square error estimator
In statistics and signal processing, a minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE estimator) is an estimation method which minimizes the mean square error (MSE), which is a common measure of estimator quality, of the fitted values of a dependent variable. In the Bayesian setting, MMSE more specifically refers to estimation with quadratic loss function. In such case, the MMSE estimator is given by the posterior mean of the parameter to be estimated. Since the posterior mean is cumbersome to calculate, the form of the MMSE estimator is usually constrained to be within a certain class of functions. Linear MMSE estimators are a popular choice since they are easy to use, easy to calculate, and very versatile. It has given rise to many popular estimators such as the Wiener–Kolmogorov filter and Kalman filter.
2001 Konica V8 Supercar Series
The 2001 Konica V8 Supercar Series was an Australian motor racing competition for V8 Supercars. It was the second running of the second tier series for V8 Supercars. The series was contested over six rounds held across four different states, commencing on 25 February at Wakefield Park and concluding on 11 August at Mallala Motor Sport Park.

The series was won by Simon Wills who was victorious in ten of the 18 races. Wills finished 82 points clear of Paul Dumbrell.

Super2 Series
The Dunlop Super2 Series (formerly known as Dunlop Series, Fujitsu V8 Supercars Series, HPDC V8 Supercars Series, Konica Minolta V8 Supercars Series and Konica V8 Supercars/Lites Series) is an Australian touring car racing competition, specifically the second tier series for Supercars competitors. Competing vehicles are older than those utilised in the Supercars Championship series and are usually run by smaller teams with lower budgets.

The vast majority of drivers in the Supercars Championship have raced at least one season in the Super2 Series Championship.  For parts of its history, competing in the Super2 Series was required for most drivers to qualify for a Motorsport Australia Superlicence, which is required to compete in the Supercars Championship, or was enforced as a separate requirement by the Supercars Championship organisers.
Toto Leonidas
Alfredo C. "Toto" Leonidas (born October 10, 1960 in Bacolod, Philippines) is an American poker player with over $3,500,000 in live tournament lifetime winnings as of 2023. His 24 WSOP cashes account for $812,218 of those winnings.

In the 2003 World Series of Poker, Leonidas won a World Series of Poker bracelet for $98,760 in a seven-card stud event. He also won the United States Poker Championship that same year at a final table that contained the likes of Erik Seidel, Phil Hellmuth and John Hennigan.

In 2009, Leonidas made it to his first final table on the World Poker Tour, at the Bicycle Casino Legends of Poker Event.  He finished in fourth place, earning $144,600 in the tournament won by Prahlad Friedman.

Leonidas currently resides in Glendale, California.

Erik Seidel
Erik Seidel (born November 6, 1959) is an American professional poker player from Las Vegas, Nevada, who has won ten World Series of Poker bracelets and a World Poker Tour title. In 2010, he was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame.
Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire
This is a list of those who have held the position of Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire from its creation in 1660 to its abolition on 31 March 1974. From 1699 until 1974, all Lords Lieutenant were also Custos Rotulorum of the West Riding of Yorkshire.  The incumbent Lord Lieutenant became in 1974 Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire, covering a smaller area.

George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 19th Baron de Ros (30 January 1628 – 16 April 1687) was an English statesman and poet who exerted considerable political power during the reign of Charles II of England.

A Royalist during the English Civil War, in 1651 he joined Charles II's court-in-exile in France. He returned to England in 1657 after a disagreement with the king, but subsequently supported the Stuart Restoration in 1660. Buckingham was imprisoned by Charles on several occasions before rising to be one of his most influential advisors, becoming a key member of the Cabal ministry in 1668. In 1674 he was dismissed and driven into political opposition.

He was restored to the king's favour in 1684, but took no major part in public life after the accession of James II a year later. Buckingham had a lifelong interest in science and poetry, and was the author of several satires and plays.