hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Technology education
Technology education is the study of technology, in which students "learn about the processes and knowledge related to technology". As a field of study, it covers the human's ability to shape and change the physical world to meet needs, by manipulating materials and tools with techniques. It addresses the disconnect between wide usage and the lack of knowledge about technical components of technologies used and how to fix them. This emergent discipline seeks to contribute to the learners' overall scientific and technological literacy, and technacy.

Technology education should not be confused with educational technology. Educational technology focuses on a more narrow subset of technology use that revolves around the use of technology in and for education as opposed to technology education's focus on technology's use in general.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
14-22 Trinity Avenue, Millers Point
14–22 Trinity Avenue, Millers Point is a heritage-listed residence located at 14–22 Trinity Avenue, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Millers Point, New South Wales
Millers Point is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district, adjacent to The Rocks and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.

Millers Point lies on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, beside Darling Harbour. The Barangaroo development is taking place on 22 hectares of land on the western side of the suburb. Millers Point historically includes what are now known as the suburbs of Dawes Point and Barangaroo and the renaming of those parts of Millers Point is controversial. The original headland of Millers Point is now known as Barangaroo Reserve, though the point itself has been returned to its original name.
Hubbert curve
The Hubbert curve is an approximation of the production rate of a resource over time.  It is a symmetric logistic distribution curve, often confused with the "normal" gaussian function.   It first appeared in "Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels," geologist M. King Hubbert's 1956 presentation to the American Petroleum Institute, as an idealized symmetric curve, during his tenure at the Shell Oil Company.  It has gained a high degree of popularity in the scientific community for predicting the depletion of various natural resources.   The curve is the main component of Hubbert peak theory, which has led to the rise of peak oil concerns. Basing his calculations on the peak of oil well discovery in 1948, Hubbert used his model in 1956 to create a curve which predicted that oil production in the contiguous United States would peak around 1970.

Thermoeconomics
Thermoeconomics, also referred to as Bioeconomics or Biophysical Economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory.  Thermoeconomics is considered the statistical physics of economic value and is one subfield of econophysics, extenuating to Ecological Economics.

It is the study of the ways and means by which human societies procure and use energy and other biological and physical resources to produce, distribute, consume and exchange goods and services, while generating various types of waste and environmental impacts. Biophysical economics builds on both social sciences and natural sciences to overcome some of the most fundamental limitations and blind spots of conventional economics. It makes it possible to understand some key requirements and framework conditions for economic growth, as well as related constraints and boundaries.
Wang Fu (painter)
Wang Fu (simplified Chinese: 王绂; traditional Chinese: 王紱; pinyin: Wáng Fú; ca. 1362–1416), courtesy name Mengduan (孟端), art names Youshisheng (友石生) and Jiulong Shanren (九龍山人), was a Chinese landscape painter, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming dynasty.

Wang was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu. Wang's painting followed the style of Wang Meng and Ni Zan. Wang also painted ink bamboo works in a free and uninhibited style.

Ni Zan
Ni Zan (simplified Chinese: 倪瓒; traditional Chinese: 倪瓚; Wade–Giles: Ni2 Tsan4; 1301–1374) was a Chinese painter during the Yuan and early Ming periods. Along with Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, and Wang Meng, he is considered to be one of the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty.
2025 Food City 500
The 2025 Food City 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on April 13, 2025, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. Contested over 500 laps on the 0.533 miles (0.858 km) short track, it was the 9th race of the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series season.

Kyle Larson won the race. Denny Hamlin finished 2nd, and Ty Gibbs finished 3rd. Chase Briscoe and Ryan Blaney rounded out the top five, and William Byron, Ross Chastain, Christopher Bell, A. J. Allmendinger, and Austin Dillon rounded out the top ten.

Food City 500
The Food City 500 is an annual 500-lap, 266.5-mile (428.9 km) NASCAR Cup Series race held at the Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. This is one of two NASCAR races held at Bristol, the other being the Bass Pro Shops Night Race. It became the first venue to host the Car of Tomorrow, a race won by Kyle Busch. For much of its history, from 1961 to 1992 the race was run on the original asphalt surface, then on concrete from 1993 to 2020 after Bristol changed surfaces, but was moved to a dirt layout beginning in 2021, under the name Food City Dirt Race. Since 2024, the race returned the concrete oval.

Kyle Larson is the defending race winner.
Vinko Kandija
Vinko Kandija (May 23, 1934 – March 10, 2002) was a Croatian handball player and coach. Kandija won over 40 titles and trophies in the game with male and female teams.

His coaching career led him from club to club, and he achieved excellent results everywhere, especially with women's teams, he won fifty different titles thanks to his persistent work and expertise, becoming one of the most successful and most respected handball coaches in the country and abroad, and because of his style of coaching and leadership, he was named the "last romanticist".

His biggest achievement was winning the Women's European Champions Cup four times and Women's EHF Cup Winners' Cup once in 1984–85.

Yugoslav Women's Handball Championship
The Yugoslav Women's Handball Championship was the premier championship for women's handball clubs in SFR Yugoslavia. Founded like its male counterpart in 1953, it was dissolved in 1992 following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

The championship's most successful teams were Radnički Belgrade with fourteen championships (including ten titles in a row) and Lokomotiva Zagreb with ten. Budućnost Titograd follows with four titles, while Spartak Subotica won three, and Lokomotiva Virovitica, Podravka Koprivnica and Voždovac Belgrade clinched two.

The teams from the championship were successful in international competitions, most notably Radnički Belgrade winning three European Cups and three Cup Winners' Cups. ŽRK Osijek and ŽRK Split also won the Cup Winners' Cup and ŽRK Trešnjevka and Lokomotiva Zagreb did the same in the EHF Cup, while Budućnost Titograd won both competitions.
Terrence Watson
Terrence Watson (Hebrew: טרנס ווטסון; born March 3, 1987) is an American-Israeli former professional basketball player. A forward, he played college basketball for Mott Community College, University of Mississippi and Ball State University before playing professionally in Iceland, Israel, Finland, and the Philippines.

1. deild karla (basketball)
1. deild karla (English: Men's First Division) or D1 is the second-tier basketball competition among clubs in Iceland. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 18 games, followed by a four-team playoff round. Both semifinals and finals series are best-of-three. The top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner are promoted to the Úrvalsdeild karla. The bottom club is relegated, and replaced by the four-team playoff round winner of the third-tier 2. deild karla.
Sage Ridge School
Sage Ridge is a non-sectarian, independent, college preparatory school in the metropolitan area of Reno, Nevada. The school was established in 1998 on grounds donated two years prior by the Nell J. Redfield foundation. The curriculum is supplemented with a number of fine arts classes, including various music, art and theater courses. The school is accredited by the NWAIS (Northwest Association of Independent Schools).

National Junior Classical League
The National Junior Classical League (National JCL or NJCL) is a youth organization of secondary school students sponsored and organized by the American Classical League (ACL). Founded in 1936, the NJCL comprises more than 1,000 Latin, Greek and Classical chapters in the United States, Canada, South Korea and the United Kingdom, and with over 45,000 members, is the largest Classical organization in the world today. Its mission is "to encourage an interest in and an appreciation of the language, literature and culture of ancient Greece and Rome and to impart an understanding of the debt of our own culture to that of classical antiquity."

NJCL official colors are Roman purple and gold. It sponsors a Latin Honor Society and Greek Honor Society for high school students.
Robinsons Tuguegarao
Robinsons Tuguegarao (formerly known as Robinsons Place Tuguegarao), is a mixed-use complex shopping mall, owned and operated by Robinsons Land Corporation (RLC), one of the largest mall operators in the Philippines. It is located at the boundary of barangays Leonarda and Tanza, along Maharlika Highway, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. Its location gives high accessibility to northern municipalities of Cagayan and the Tuguegarao Airport.

The mall opened its doors to the public on July 26, 2018 as the first full-service mall in Cagayan, the second Robinsons mall in the Cagayan Valley Region, after Robinsons Place Santiago, and the 50th in the Philippines. With a gross floor area of 68,000 m2 (730,000 sq ft), it is the second largest mall in the region.

The complex includes a Go Hotels Plus branch, the first in the region, a budget hotel brand also owned and operated by RLC.

Robinsons Malls
Robinsons Malls is one of the largest shopping malls and retail operators in the Philippines. It was incorporated on September 9, 1997, by entrepreneur John Gokongwei Jr. to develop, conduct, operate and maintain the Robinsons commercial shopping centers and all related businesses, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compounds of shopping centers.

Robinsons Malls also has its branches in China under the Robinsons Galleria name.

In March 2023, John Gokongwei Jr.'s son Lance took over the leadership of Robinsons Malls.
Woodlawn Baptist Church and Cemetery
Woodlawn Baptist Church and Cemetery, also known as Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church, is a historic building in Nutbush, Haywood County, Tennessee, in the United States. It is on Woodlawn Road, south of Tennessee State Route 19.

Founded in 1866 largely by freedmen, Woodlawn Baptist Church and Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.

When singer Tina Turner was growing up as Anna Mae Bullock in Nutbush, Woodlawn Baptist was one of her family churches.

Brownsville, Tennessee
Brownsville is a city in and the county seat of Haywood County, Tennessee, United States. Its population as of the 2020 census was 9,788. The city is named after General Jacob Jennings Brown, an American officer of the War of 1812.
Chivers and Sons
Chivers is a brand of jams and preserves. For a large part of the 20th century Chivers and Sons was Britain's leading preserves manufacturer. The brand is currently owned by the Boyne Valley Group who make a range of preserves using the Chivers name.

Histon railway station
Histon railway station is a disused railway station in Impington, Cambridgeshire on the Cambridge–St Ives branch of the Great Eastern Railway. The station was closed as part of the Beeching Axe in 1970; but the line through the station remained open for freight trains until 1992. The station site was partially demolished, with the platforms and a small building on the down side being removed and the canopy severely truncated during the construction of the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway but the station building was saved from being demolished; a car park was planned to be built on the site of the demolished station building. The building has operated as a cafe since 2021.
Electoral district of Wammerawa
Wammerawa was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales, created in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and named after an alternative name for the Macquarie River. It mainly replaced Mudgee, Castlereagh and Liverpool Plains and elected three members simultaneously. In 1927, it was split into Mudgee, Castlereagh and Liverpool Plains.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
2024 Rugby League Pacific Championships squads
This article lists the official squads for the 2024 Rugby League Pacific Championships which are to be played from 18 October to 10 November 2024.

For an explanation of the acronyms and abbreviations are used in the tables, please see the key to acronyms section at the end of this article.

Kiana Takairangi
Kiana Takairangi (born 20 July 1992) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Parramatta Eels in the NRL Women's Premiership.

A winger or centre, she has represented the Cook Islands and New Zealand internationally. She previously played for the Sydney Roosters and Newcastle Knights in the NRLW and the Sharks in the NSWRL Women's Premiership.
Crystal (mathematics)
In mathematics, crystals are Cartesian sections of certain fibered categories. They were introduced  by Alexander Grothendieck (1966a), who named them crystals because in some sense they are "rigid" and "grow".  In particular quasicoherent crystals over the crystalline site are analogous to quasicoherent modules over a scheme.

An isocrystal  is a crystal up to isogeny. They are -adic analogues of -adic étale sheaves,  introduced by Grothendieck (1966a) and Berthelot & Ogus (1983) (though the definition of isocrystal only appears in part II of this paper by Ogus (1984)). Convergent isocrystals are a variation of isocrystals that work better over non-perfect fields, and overconvergent isocrystals are another variation related to overconvergent cohomology theories.

A Dieudonné crystal is a crystal with Verschiebung and Frobenius maps. An F-crystal is a structure in semilinear algebra somewhat related to crystals.

Étale topology
In algebraic geometry, the étale topology is a Grothendieck topology on the category of schemes which has properties similar to the Euclidean topology, but unlike the Euclidean topology, it is also defined in positive characteristic.  The étale topology was originally introduced by Alexander Grothendieck to define étale cohomology, and this is still the étale topology's most well-known use.
Blockchain privacy
Blockchain privacy describes how blockchain systems handle the confidentiality of transaction and record data. Many public blockchains can provide pseudonymity, while ledger transparency can allow transaction tracing through analysis of on-chain activity and related information. The persistence of ledger data can also create data-protection challenges in some applications, including questions about erasure and rectification rights where personal data are involved, and privacy characteristics vary depending on system design and use case.

Many blockchain systems represent participants using cryptographic addresses rather than real-world identities, which can provide pseudonymity. However, transaction histories associated with addresses are typically visible to participants, which can enable linkage and tracing of activity under some conditions.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Korehi, Kazerun
Korehi (Persian: كره اي, also Romanized as Koreh’ī and Korehee) is a village in Khesht Rural District, Khesht District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 270, in 62 families.

Konartakhteh Rural District
Konartakhteh Rural District (Persian: دهستان کنارتخته) is in Konartakhteh and Kamaraj District of Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Konartakhteh. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Khesht.
Polish Catholic Mission
The Polish Catholic Mission, Polish: Polska Misja Katolicka, (PMK) is a permanent Catholic chaplaincy for migrant Poles. It operates in a number of countries under the direction of the Polish Episcopal Conference.

Resurrectionists (Catholic)
The Resurrectionists, officially named the Congregation of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Latin: Congregatio a Resurrectione Domini Nostri Jesu Christi; abbreviated CR), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men. It was founded in 1836 by three men: Bogdan Jański, Peter Semenenko and Hieronim Kajsiewicz on the heels of the Polish Great Emigration.
Deaths in December 2020
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2020.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Hmong rebellion
Hmong Rebellion refers to a rebellion among the Hmong people, also known as the Miao or Meo. It could refer to:

Miao rebellion, any of several rebellions against various Chinese dynasties; the Miao being an alternative term for the Hmong; in Chinese controlled zones and China.

Vue Pa Chay's revolt (1918–1921), a Hmong rebellion against French colonizers in Indochina

Lao Hmong insurgencies, in the mid-20th century and after the Pathet Lao conquest; in Laos

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.
Ubol Ratana Dam
The Ubol Ratana Dam (pronounced: Ubon Rat), formerly known as the "Phong Neeb Dam", is a multi-purpose dam in tambon Khok Sung, Ubolratana district, approximately 50 km (31 mi) north of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, Thailand.  It was the first hydroelectric power project developed in Thailand's northeastern area of Isan. The dam impounds the Nam Phong, which flows into the Chi River and thence to the Mun River, a tributary of the Mekong River.  The dam was given its current name by royal permission in 1966, in honour of princess Ubol Ratana, the eldest child of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

Mun River
The Mun River (Thai: แม่น้ำมูล, RTGS: Maenam Mun, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm mūːn]; Northeastern Thai: แม่น้ำมูล, pronounced [mɛ̄ː.nȁːm mûːn]), sometimes spelled Moon River, is a tributary of the Mekong River. It carries approximately 26 cubic kilometres (6.2 mi3) of water per year.
Nostra Signora di Guadalupe e San Filippo Martire
Nostra Signora di Guadalupe e San Filippo Martire in Via Aurelia (Our Lady of Guadalupe and St. Philip Martyr in Via Aurelia) is the national church of Mexico in Rome. Opened in 1958, it was established as a titular church by Pope John Paul II in 1991, with Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo as its first titular Cardinal Priest (1991-1993). It is owned and served by the Legion of Christ.

Via Aurelia
The Via Aurelia (lit. 'Aurelian Way') is a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC. The project was undertaken by Gaius Aurelius Cotta, who at that time was censor. Cotta had a history of building roads for Rome, as he had overseen the construction of a military road in Sicily (as consul in 252 BC, during the First Punic War) connecting Agrigentum (modern Agrigento) and Panormus (modern Palermo).
Fonvizinskaya (Moscow Metro)
Fonvizinskaya (Russian: Фонвизинскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station of Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line. It is located between Butyrskaya and Petrovsko-Razumovskaya, at the intersection of Milashenkova Street with Fonvizina Street and Ogorodny Proyezd. It has one island platform. Ulitsa Milashenkova station of the Moscow Monorail was located close by until 2025. The name of the station derives from Fonvizina Street, which in turn was named after Denis Fonvizin, an 18th-century Russian playwright.

The extension of the line from Maryina Roshcha northwest to Petrovsko-Razumovskaya via Butyrskaya and Fonvizinskaya was originally planned to be opened in December 2015. The projected opening date was later shifted to 2016. The station was opened on 16 September 2016.

Ulitsa Milashenkova
Ulitsa Milashenkova (Russian: Улица Милашенкова, English: Milashenkova Street) was a station of the Moscow Monorail. It was located in the Butyrsky District of the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow.