hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Names of Jerusalem
Names of Jerusalem refers to the multiple names by which the city of Jerusalem has been known and the etymology of the word in different languages. According to the Jewish Midrash, "Jerusalem has 70 names". Lists have been compiled of 72 different Hebrew names for Jerusalem in Jewish scripture.

Today, Jerusalem is called Yerushalayim (Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎) and Al-Quds (Arabic: اَلْـقُـدْس). Yerushalayim is a derivation of a much older name, recorded as early as in the Middle Bronze Age, which has however been repeatedly re-interpreted in folk etymology, notably in Biblical Greek, where the first element of the name came to be associated with Greek: ἱερός (hieros, "holy"). The city is also known, especially among Muslims, as Bayt al-Maqdis (Arabic: بَـيْـت الْـمَـقْـدِس, lit. 'Holy House'), referring to the Temple in Jerusalem, called Beit HaMikdash in Hebrew.

Shalim
Shalim (Šalām, Shalem, Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎍𐎎, romanized: ŠLM) is a god in Canaanite religion, mentioned in inscriptions found in Ugarit (now Ras Shamra, Syria). William F. Albright identified Shalim as the god of the dusk and Shahar as the god of the dawn. In the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, Venus is represented by Shalim as the Evening Star and Shahar as the Morning Star. His name derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root Š-L-M ("whole, safe, sound, peace").
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, KG (28 April 1801 – 1 October 1885), styled Lord Ashley from 1811 to 1851, was a British Tory politician, philanthropist, and social reformer. He was the eldest son of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Anne Spencer (daughter of the 4th Duke of Marlborough), and elder brother of Henry Ashley, MP. A social reformer who was called the "Poor Man's Earl", he campaigned for better working conditions, reform to lunacy laws, education and the limitation of child labour. He was also an early supporter of the Zionist movement and the YMCA and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the Church of England.

Church's Ministry Among Jewish People
The Church's Ministry Among Jewish People (CMJ) (formerly the London Jews' Society and the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews) is an Anglican missionary society founded in 1809.
Tumba railway station
Tumba is a station on the Stockholm commuter rail in Tumba, Botkyrka Municipality, Sweden, approximately 23 km from Stockholm C, between the stations of Tullinge and Rönninge. The first station here was originally built 1860. The station consists of two platforms with a ticket hall with entrance from a pedestrian bridge and was introduced in its present form in the year 1994. In 2019, the number of passengers boarding on an average weekday was estimated at 9,500.

In 1982 the station was the filming location for the ABBA video for their song The Day Before You Came.

Tumba, Sweden
Tumba is a bimunicipal locality and the seat of Botkyrka Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden with 37,852 inhabitants in 2010. A part of its statistical urban area, called Rönninge, is in Salem Municipality. The population is 35,311 (2005). The Swedish krona banknotes are printed by Crane AB at Tumba Bruk, in Tumba. Tumba is situated half-way between Stockholm and Södertälje and is considered a Stockholm suburb. In Tumba and Rönninge there are stations on the Stockholm commuter rail network.

Tumba also has a High School (Tumba gymnasium) with almost 1.000 students. The Alfa Laval company was founded in Tumba by Gustaf de Laval and remains in the suburb, as does DeLaval, split from Alfa Laval in 1991. Tumba is diverse, with high-rise apartment buildings and single-family houses.  Tumba also has a shopping mall, Tumba Centrum, near the railway station.

The melodic death metal band Amon Amarth is from Tumba.
Frank Bresee
Frank Bresee (August 20, 1929 – June 5, 2018) was an American radio actor, radio historian, and board game designer. He hosted the "Golden Days Of Radio" program which began in 1949 and aired on the Armed Forces Radio Network from 1967 to 1995. Bresee also created more than a dozen adult-oriented board games, the most notable of which is the drinking game Pass-Out.

American Forces Network
The American Forces Network (AFN) is a government television and radio broadcast service the United States Armed Forces provides to soldiers stationed or assigned overseas, and is headquartered at Fort Meade in Maryland. AFN comprises two subordinate overseas commands and one directorate in the continental United States. Overseas, AFN Europe is headquartered at Sembach Kaserne in Germany and consists of 15 subordinate stations in the countries of Bahrain, Belgium, Cuba, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey. AFN Pacific is headquartered at Yokota Air Base in Japan and consists of nine stations in Diego Garcia, Japan, and South Korea. Stations under AFN Europe and AFN Pacific broadcast live local radio shows Monday through Friday, with the exception of U.S. federal holidays. Stateside, AFN's broadcast operations, which include global radio and television satellite feeds, emanate from the AFN Broadcast Center at March Air Reserve Base in Riverside, California.
Jacket
A jacket is a garment for the upper body, usually extending below the hips. A jacket typically has sleeves and fastens in the front or slightly on the side. Jackets without sleeves are vests. A jacket is generally lighter, tighter-fitting, and less insulating than a coat, but both are outerwear. Some jackets are fashionable, while some others serve as protective clothing.

Sport coat
A sport coat or sports jacket is a men's smart casual lounge jacket designed to be worn on its own without matching trousers, traditionally for sporting purposes. Styles, fabrics, colours and patterns are more varied than in most suits; sturdier and thicker fabrics are commonly used, such as corduroy, hopsack, flannel, linen, and tweed.

Originally, sports coats were worn as appropriate attire for participating in certain outdoor sports. With time, they were adopted by those attending such events, and came to be used on more formal occasions, sometimes being used in school uniforms.
1987 NCAA Division II football season
The 1987 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level, began in August 1987, and concluded with the NCAA Division II Football Championship on December 12, 1987, at Braly Municipal Stadium in Florence, Alabama, hosted by the University of North Alabama. The Troy State Trojans defeated the Portland State Vikings, 31–17, to win their second Division II national title.

The Harlon Hill Trophy was awarded to Johnny Bailey, running back from Texas A&I.

Braly Municipal Stadium
Tom Braly Municipal Stadium is a 14,215-seat stadium in Florence, Alabama. It is primarily used for American football, and is the home field of the Florence High School Falcons. From 1949 to 2025, it was the home of the North Alabama Lions. It also hosted the NCAA Division II Football Championship games from 1986 to 2013, which were broadcast on ESPN.

UNA holds a 281–135–8 record at Braly Stadium. It has also hosted 30 of UNA's 47 Division II Playoff games.
Times & Transcript
The Times & Transcript is a newspaper from Moncton, New Brunswick. It serves Greater Moncton and eastern New Brunswick. Its offices and printing facilities are located on Main Street in Downtown Moncton. The paper is published by Postmedia Network.

The Times & Transcript building also houses the presses that print all Brunswick News newspapers, including Saint John's Telegraph Journal and Fredericton's The Daily Gleaner. It also produces 14 weekly newspapers in both French and English serving all major communities in New Brunswick.

Postmedia Network
Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (also known as Postmedia Network, Postmedia News or Postmedia) is an American-owned, Canadian-based media conglomerate consisting of the publishing properties of the former Canwest, with primary operations in English-language newspaper publishing, news gathering and Internet operations. It is best known for being the owner of the National Post and the Financial Post. It owns and operates over more than 130 print and digital news titles across Canada.

The company's strategy has seen its publications invest greater resources in digital news gathering and distribution, including expanded websites and digital news apps for smartphones and tablets. This began with a revamp and redesign of the Ottawa Citizen, which debuted in 2014.

Two-thirds, or 66%, of Postmedia is currently owned by American media conglomerate Chatham Asset Management. The company is headquartered at Postmedia Place on Bloor Street in Toronto.
Cornish surnames
Cornish surnames are surnames used by Cornish people and often derived from the Cornish language such as Jago, Trelawney or Enys. Others have strong roots in the region and many in the UK with names such as Eddy, Stark or Rowe are likely to have Cornish origins. Such surnames for the common people emerged in the Middle Ages, although the nobility probably had surnames much earlier on. Not until the later Middle Ages did it become necessary for a common man to have a surname. Most surnames were fully established throughout Cornwall by the end of the 15th century. Cornish surnames can be found throughout the world as part of the Cornish diaspora.

Due to the linguistic similarity of Cornish, Welsh and Breton, some surnames can derive from any of the three regions.

Cornish diaspora
The Cornish diaspora (Cornish: Keskar kernewek) consists of Cornish people and their descendants who emigrated from Cornwall, United Kingdom. The diaspora is found within the United Kingdom, and in countries such as the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the Samoas.
2025–26 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship
The 2025–26 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship was the 21st staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's intermediate inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 25 October 2025 to 10 January 2026.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 10 January 2025, between Upperchurch–Drombane of Tipperary and Tooreen of Mayo, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Upperchurch–Drombanewon the match by 4–20 to 2–24 and became the second team from Tipperary to win the title.

Éire Óg Carrickmore's Aidan Kelly was the championship's top scorer with 0-38.

All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship
The GAA Hurling All-Ireland Intermediate Club Championship (also known as the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship) is an annual Irish hurling competition organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). It is the intermediate-grade All-Ireland championship for clubs, and has been contested every year since the 2004–05 championship.

The All-Ireland series is contested by the four provincial champions from the Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster intermediate club championships. The competition is played on a straight knockout basis.

The most successful county is Kilkenny, with eight titles, while no club has won the championship more than once.
1951 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1951 UCI Road World Championships was the 18th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 2 September 1951 in Varese, Italy. The race was won by Ferdinand Kübler of Switzerland.

1951 UCI Road World Championships
The 1951 UCI Road World Championships was the 24th edition of the UCI Road World Championships. It took place on Saturday 1 and Sunday 2 September 1951 in Varese, Italy.

The amateurs had to complete 7 laps of about 24.6 kilometres on Saturday for a total distance of 172 km, the professionals on Sunday 12 laps or about 295 kilometres.

Swiss rider Ferdi Kübler became world champion in a group sprint, ahead of Italians Fiorenzo Magni and Antonio Bevilacqua. In the amateurs' race, the Italians celebrated a double success with Gianni Ghidini beating his compatriot Rino Benedetti and Dutchman Jan Plantaz in a bunch sprint.

In the same period, the 1950 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was organized in the Stade Velodromo Vigorelli in Milan, Italy.
Melting-point depression
This article deals with melting/freezing point depression due to very small particle size. For depression due to the mixture of another compound, see freezing-point depression.

Melting-point depression is the phenomenon of reduction of the melting point of a material with a reduction of its size. This phenomenon is very prominent in nanoscale materials, which melt at temperatures hundreds of degrees lower than bulk materials.

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Jan Awei language
Jan Awei is a moribund Jukunoid language of Nigeria. It had around 12 speakers in 1997 and was spoken in an area west of the Muri Mountains in the far south of Gombe State, however the precise location is unknown.

Jukunoid languages
The Jukunoid languages are a branch of the Benue-Congo languages spoken by the Jukun and related peoples of Nigeria and Cameroon. They are distributed mostly throughout Taraba State, Nigeria and surrounding regions.

Their asymmetrical nasal consonants are atypical for West Africa, as can be seen in Wapan.
Lalla Masuda
Mas'uda al-Wizkitiya (Arabic: مسعودة الوزكيتية; died 1591), known popularly in Morocco as Lala 'Auda (للا عودة) and in Western sources as Lalla Masuda, was a Moroccan political figure in the Saadi Dynasty. She is remembered for her humanitarian, charity, political, and development work. She was the wife of the Saadian Sultan Mohammed al-Shaykh and mother of their son Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur.

Lalla Masuda was the daughter of the sheikh of the qasba of Warzazat, Sheikh Abu al-'Abaas Ahmed bin Abdellah al-Wizkiti al-Warzazi, who had a hand in establishing Saadian control over the Sous-Dra'a region. She is considered a waliya, or saint.

Mohammed al-Shaykh
Mawlay Mohammed al-Shaykh al-Sharif al-Hassani (Arabic: محمد الشيخ الشريف الحسني), known as Mohammed al-Shaykh (Arabic: محمد الشيخ; b. c. 1490 – d. 23 October 1557), was the first sultan of the Saadian dynasty (1544–1557). He was particularly successful in expelling the Portuguese from most of their bases in present-day Morocco. He also eliminated the Wattasids and resisted the Ottomans.
Left-wing alternative media in the United States
This is a list of alternative media supporting the views of the American political left. It covers alternative media sources including talk radio programs, TV shows, podcasts, investigative journalism, documentaries, blogs and other alternative media sources.

Current Affairs (magazine)
Current Affairs is an American bimonthly magazine that discusses political and cultural topics from a left-wing perspective. It was founded by Oren Nimni and Nathan J. Robinson in 2015. The magazine is published in print and online, and also has a podcast. The magazine is funded through subscriptions and donations.

Its political stances have been described as socialist, progressive, and broadly leftist. Its format is influenced by magazines such as Jacobin and Spy.
Developments in Karachi
Karachi is located on the coastline of Sindh province in southern Pakistan, along a natural harbour on the Arabian Sea. The city has a very diverse population with very affluent areas such as Clifton and large areas of people living in middle class environments. Karachi is ranked as a Beta world city in the GaWC index, and is widely recognized as the prime financial and transport hub of Pakistan.

The city is home to range of developments from foreign investors and local investors such as Malik Riaz, however due to high corruption in the country, many projects have been delayed or completed at an unsatisfactory standard.

Karachi Breeze
Karachi Breeze is a 112.9 km (70.2 mi) network of bus rapid transit routes under construction in Karachi, Pakistan. Construction began in 2013, two lines are operational and two lines are under construction as of September 2022, with 2 more planned. The current ridership of the first line is 55,000 passengers per day, with a total of 109 km of dedicated bus routes. Upon completion, it will become the largest BRT network in Pakistan, and will connect to the Karachi Circular Railway.
Jedburgh (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Jedburgh in Roxburghshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Jedburgh, North Berwick, Dunbar, Haddington and Lauder formed the Haddington district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
History of the Royal New Zealand Navy
The history of the Royal New Zealand Navy leads back to early New Zealand-based gunboats used in controlling the British interests in the new colony, as well as to the strong linkages to the British Navy itself.

Royal New Zealand Navy
The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; Māori: Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa, lit. 'the Sea War Party of New Zealand') is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. The fleet currently consists of eight ships. The Navy had its origins in the Naval Defence Act 1913, and the subsequent acquisition of the cruiser HMS Philomel, which by 1921 had been moored in Auckland as a training ship. A slow buildup occurred during the interwar period, and then in December 1939 HMS Achilles fought alongside two other Royal Navy cruisers at the Battle of the River Plate against the German ship, Graf Spee.
Magic Johnson Theatres
Magic Johnson Theatres is a chain of movie theaters, originally developed in 1994 by Johnson Development Corporation, the business holding of former basketball player Magic Johnson, and Sony Pictures Entertainment through a partnership with Sony-Loews Theatres.

A 1998 merger between Sony-Loews and Cineplex Odeon Corporation caused them to become part of the new Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corp. Magic Johnson worked with Lawrence Ruisi, President and CEO of Loews Cineplex Entertainment, during the planning and development of these theaters. Currently the chain's former locations are owned by AMC Theatres, after Sony-Loews was acquired by that company in 2006.  Although they are still branded Magic Johnson Theatres, they are solely controlled by AMC.

While the chain still bears Johnson's name, he is no longer actively involved in the management committee, strategic planning, operations, or public relations.

Cineplex Odeon Corporation
Cineplex Odeon is a theatre brand owned by Cineplex Entertainment in Canada, after acquiring the Cineplex Odeon Corporation in 1998. As of 2023, there are 61 Cineplex Odeon locations in Canada.

The former corporation was one of North America's largest movie theatre operators and live theatre, with theatres in its home country of Canada and the United States. The company was the result of Cineplex Corporation in 1984 purchasing and merging with Canadian Odeon Theatres, which itself was the result of a merger between Canadian Theatres and Odeon Theatres of Canada in 1978. Theatres formerly operated by the company are now operated by Cineplex Entertainment in Canada and as AMC Theatres in the United States.
Marcellin College Randwick
Marcellin College Randwick is an independent systemic Catholic secondary day school for boys, located in Randwick, a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded by the Marist Brothers in 1923, the college is overseen by the Sydney Catholic Schools of the Archdiocese of Sydney. The school currently caters for approximately 960 students from Years 7 to 12.

The college is affiliated with the Association of Marist Schools of Australia (AMSA) and was previously a member of the Metropolitan Catholic Colleges Sports Association (MCC).

Metropolitan Catholic Colleges Sports Association
The Metropolitan Catholic Colleges Sports Association (MCC) was an association of eight Roman Catholic secondary schools in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that share common interests, ethics, educational philosophy and competed in sporting competitions among themselves.
2019 Mundialito de Clubes
The 2019 Mundialito de Clubes was the sixth edition of the Mundialito de Clubes (Club World Cup in English), a biennial international club beach soccer competition contested between top men's clubs from across the world.

Organised by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW), the competition took place outside of Brazil for the first time – this edition was hosted in Moscow, Russia between February 27 and March 3, featuring eight clubs. The competition was originally due to take place in São Sebastião, Brazil from 13 to 16 December 2018. However, in November, due to difficulties coordinating with local authorities, BSWW postponed the event until February 2019 and ultimately moved its location to Europe.

Lokomotiv Moscow of Russia were the defending champions but were knocked out in the group stage, ultimately finishing seventh. The tournament was won, for the first time, by Braga of Portugal.

Mundialito de Clubes
The Mundialito de Clubes (English: Club World Cup) is an international club beach soccer competition contested between top men's clubs from around the world. The tournament is loosely similar to the FIFA Club World Cup in association football, however participating teams are not regional champions, instead entering via invitation.

Organised by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW), the competition was founded by BSWW with Brazilian sports agency Koch Tavares in 2011. The first five editions hosted in Brazil whilst the sixth saw the event hosted in Europe; the tournament should not be confused with BSWW's existing Mundialito, which takes place in Portugal for national teams.

Russian side Lokomotiv Moscow is the most successful team with three titles.