hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony is a music theory of harmony in sub-Saharan African music based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (chords based around a leading melody that follow its rhythm and contour), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter-melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme). Polyphony (contrapuntal and ostinato variation) is common in African music and heterophony (the voices move at different times) is a common technique as well. Although these principles of traditional African music are of Pan-African validity, the degree to which they are used in one area over another (or in the same community) varies. Specific techniques that are used to generate harmony in Africa are the "span process", "pedal notes" (a held note, typically in the bass, around which other parts move), "rhythmic harmony", "harmony by imitation", and "scalar clusters" (see below for explanation of these terms).

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Project Thunderbird
Project Thunderbird was a 1967 United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) proposal to use nuclear explosives to prepare coalbeds to gasify coal in place underground in Wyoming. The project was proposed as a component of Project Plowshare, which sought ways to use nuclear devices in public works and industrial development projects. The project aimed to exploit deep coal deposits to gasify them in situ with controlled combustion in the rubble chimney resulting from a deep nuclear detonation. The project was to be located on the border of Johnson County and Campbell County, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Gillette, Wyoming, in the Powder River Basin.

While initial reports on the project were optimistic, subsequent analysis cast doubt on the project's viability, and the project was not pursued.

Campbell County, Wyoming
Campbell County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 47,026, making it the third-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Gillette. Campbell County comprises the Gillette, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
CSM Lugoj
Club Sportiv Municipal Lugoj, commonly known as CSM Lugoj, or simply as Lugoj, is a Romanian football club from Lugoj, Timiș County, Romania. The club was named in the past, Vulturii Textila, after a textile company in the city of Lugoj. CSM Lugoj was founded under the name Vulturii Lugoj in 1920. The club is currently playing in Liga III, the third tier of the Romanian football league system.

2011–12 Liga IV
The 2011–12 Liga IV was the 70th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off match played on a neutral venue. The winners of the play-off matches promoted to Liga III.
Helen Hinsdale Rich
Helen Hinsdale Rich (née, Hinsdale; June 18, 1827 - September 4, 1915), known as "The Poet of the Adirondacks", was a 19th-century American writer of poetry. She wrote and lectured in the causes of temperance and women's rights. She was the first woman of northern New York to embrace woman suffrage. Her poetry appeared in the Springfield Republican, Boston Transcript, the Overland Monthly, and other prominent journals. Her volume of poems, A Dream of the Adirondacks, and Other Poems (New York City, 1884), was compiled by Charles G. Whiting. Her Madame de Stael had the endorsement of eminent scholars as a literary lecture. Her "Grand Armies" was considered a brilliant Memorial Day address. She excelled in poems of affection. Her "Justice in Leadville", in the style of Bret Harte, was pronounced by The Spectator to be worthy of that poet or of John Hay. \

Bret Harte
Francis Brett Hart (August 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902), known as Bret Harte (/hɑːrt/ HART), was an American short story writer and poet best remembered for short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush. In a career spanning more than four decades, he also wrote poetry, plays, lectures, book reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches.

Harte moved from California to the eastern U.S. and later to Europe. He incorporated new subjects and characters into his stories, but his Gold Rush tales have been those most often reprinted, adapted, and admired.
2013 Men's Softball World Championship
The 2013 ISF Men's World Championship, also known as the 2013 ISF Tradestaff Men's World Championship for sponsorship reasons,  was an international softball tournament. The tournament was held at Rosedale Park in Auckland, New Zealand from 1–10 March 2013. It was the 13th time the World Championship took place. Sixteen nations competed, including defending champions Australia.

In the end, New Zealand won over Venezuela. Defending champions, Australia finished third.

Men's Softball World Cup
The Men's Softball World Cup, known through 2015 as the ISF Men's World Championship, is a softball tournament for the best national men's teams in the world. From 1966 to 2013 it was held every four years, first by the International Softball Federation (ISF) and from 2019 an onward it is held every two years by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), the 16 best teams in the world compete.
Limitation and revocation procedures before the European Patent Office
In European patent law, the limitation and revocation procedures before the European Patent Office (EPO) are post-grant, ex parte, administrative procedures allowing any European patent to be centrally limited by an amendment of the claims or revoked, respectively. These two procedures were introduced in the revised text of the European Patent Convention (EPC), i.e. the so-called EPC 2000, which entered into force on 13 December 2007.

The new Articles 105a, 105b and 105c EPC (of the EPC 2000) form the legal basis of the limitation and revocation procedures. These procedures are applicable since 13 December 2007 to all European patents, whether already granted or granted after that date.

European Patent Organisation
The European Patent Organisation (sometimes abbreviated EPOrg in order to distinguish it from the European Patent Office, one of the two organs of the organisation) is a public international organisation created in 1977 by its contracting states to grant patents in Europe under the European Patent Convention (EPC) of 1973. The European Patent Organisation has its seat at Munich, Germany, and has administrative and financial autonomy. The organisation is independent from the European Union, and has as member states all 27 EU member states along with 12 other European states.

The evolution of the Organisation is inherently linked to that of the European Patent Convention. See European Patent Convention (EPC) for the history of the European patent system as set up by the EPC, operated by the European Patent Office (EPO), and supervised by the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organisation.
District 6 (Chamber of Deputies of Chile)
District 6 (Spanish: Distrito 6) is one of the 28 multi-member electoral districts of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the National Congress, the national legislature of Chile. The district was created by the 2015 electoral reform and came into being at the following general election in 2017. It consists of the provinces of Los Andes, Marga Marga, Petorca, Quillota and San Felipe de Aconcagua, and the communes of Puchuncaví and Quintero in the province of Valparaíso in the region of Valparaíso. The district currently elects eight of the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2021 general election the district had 800,088 registered electors.

Valparaíso Region
The Valparaíso Region (Spanish: Región de Valparaíso, pronounced [valpaɾaˈiso]) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. With the country's second-highest population of 1,896,053 as of 2024, and fourth-smallest area of 16,396.1 km2 (6,331 sq mi), the region is Chile's second most densely populated after the Santiago Metropolitan Region to the southeast. The region also includes Chile's remote islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Rapa Nui and the Juan Fernandez Islands.

Its capital is the port city of Valparaíso; other important cities include Viña del Mar, Quillota, San Felipe, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, and San Antonio.
Ravan Raaj: A True Story
Ravan Raaj: A True Story (transl. Ravan's Rule: A True Story) is a 1995 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by T. Rama Rao, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhoo and Aditya Pancholi and Harish Kumar. The film is centred on kidney smugglers and a serial killer. It is a remake of the 1990 Tamil film Pulan Visaranai, starring Vijayakanth.

Johnny Lever
John Prakash Rao Janumala, better known by his stage name Johnny Lever (born on 14 August 1957) is an Indian actor and comedian who is known for his works in Hindi cinema. He is one of the most recognised comedic actors in India and is widely regarded as one of the greatest comedians in Indian Cinema. He has received numerous accolades, including thirteen Filmfare Awards nominations in Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comedic Role, and has won the award twice, for his work in Deewana Mastana (1997) and Dulhe Raja (1998). He began his career in 1984, and has acted in more than three hundred Hindi films.
Hans Møller Gasmann
Pastor Hans Møller Gasmann (28 January 1872 – 6 December 1961) was a Norwegian educator from Oslo, promoter of association football and one of Norway's first Scout leaders, who founded the Second Christiania Scout Troop at Frogner in Oslo in 1910. In spring 1911, he met with Christian Dons, who had started the First Christiania Scout Troop. They founded the Norwegian Guide and Scout Association (Norwegian: Norsk Speidergutt-Forbund).

The history of Vålerenga Fotball goes back to Fotballpartiet Spark, which he founded in May 1903. An early mission for Gasmann was to give the local youth social activity and exercise. On a larger scale, the club was part of the movement known as Muscular Christianity.

In 1917, he was awarded the third Silver Wolf, the highest commendation of Norwegian Scouting.

Hans Møller Gasmanns vei in Oslo is named in his honor.

Norwegian Guide and Scout Association
The Norwegian Guide and Scout Association (Norwegian: Norges Speiderforbund, NSF) is a Norwegian Scouting and Guiding association founded in its present form in 1978, when the Norwegian Boy Scout Organization (founded in 1911 and among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922) and the Norwegian Girl Guide Organization (founded in 1921 and an early member of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts) merged.

NSF is a member of Speiderne i Norge, the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Norway. NSF is also a member of WOSM and WAGGGS.
Suzhou Lakeside New City
Suzhou Lakeside New City (Chinese: 苏州滨湖新城), also called Eastern Taihu Lakeside New City (Chinese: 东太湖滨湖新城, used in Wuzhong District) or Wujiang Lakeside New City (Chinese: 吴江滨湖新城, used in Wujiang District), is a new city located in the southern part of Suzhou, China. It is a "city" in the "one core, four cities" (Chinese: 一核四城) plan of Suzhou. The initial phase of it occupies an area of 10.05 km2.

Wujiang, Suzhou
Wujiang District (simplified Chinese: 吴江区; traditional Chinese: 吳江區; pinyin: Wújiāng Qū; Suzhounese, Wugniu: Ghou2 kaon1 chiu1, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [ɦəu kɑ̃ tɕʰyⱼ]), formerly Wujiang City, is one of five urban districts in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. As the southernmost county-level division of Jiangsu, it borders Shanghai to the northeast and Zhejiang province to the south and southwest. The total area of Wujiang is 1176.68 square kilometers, with a population of 1.5 million. Wujiang is currently one of the most economically successful cities in China. Songling (松陵), a town located at the centre of Wujiang, serves as the seat of the district government.
Entertainment Center station
Entertainment Center station (signed as Waterfront Entertainment Center) is a station on the River Line light rail system, located on Delaware Avenue in Camden, New Jersey. It is the southern terminus of the River Line, and is named for the nearby Freedom Mortgage Pavilion on the Camden Waterfront.

The station opened on March 15, 2004. Northbound service is available to the Trenton Rail Station with connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfers to the PATCO Speedline are available at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.

Trenton Transit Center
Trenton Transit Center is the main passenger train station in Trenton, New Jersey. Located along the Northeast Corridor, it is served by Amtrak intercity trains plus NJ Transit and SEPTA Regional Rail trains. It is the southern terminus of the NJ Transit Northeast Corridor Line and the northern terminus of the SEPTA Trenton Line. It is also the northern terminus of the NJ Transit River Line service and a terminal for NJ Transit and SEPTA buses.
Mass media in Afghanistan
The mass media in Afghanistan is monitored by the Ministry of Information and Culture, and includes broadcasting, digital and printing. It is mainly in Dari and Pashto, the official languages of the nation. Prior to the return of the Islamic Emirate in 2021, Afghanistan had over 107 TV stations and 284 radio stations, including 100s of print media and over 1,800 online media outlets. The number of digital media outlets is steadily increasing again with the help of Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, and other such online platforms. Islamic Emirate's spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid has emphasized that the media should be in line with Sharia and Afghanistan's national interests.

Shamshad TV
Shamshad Media Network (Pashto: شمشاد) is based in Afghanistan and Dubai. Shamshad Media Network is a private and an independent network based in Afghanistan, which began transmission in 2005.

Shamshad's broadcast area covers a large portion of the country where ethnic Pashtuns live and also covering isolated areas. Shamshad programs are mainly (85%) in Pashto language, providing educational TV shows, news, family dramas, musical shows, comedy programs, children's game shows, women empowerment programs, Islamic educational programs, political and current affairs programs, entertainment programs, sports programs, criminal incidents programs and programs to both local areas of Afghanistan as well as other countries via satellite, IPTV and local transmitters.

Shamshad TV was suspended per orders of the Taliban intelligence services on 18 October 2025; the reasons are unclear, but when Taliban agents entered the station, they ordered its operations to be suspended indefinitely.
Green body
A green body is an object whose main constituent is weakly bound clay material, usually in the form of bonded powder or plates before it has been  sintered or  fired.

In ceramic engineering, the most common method for producing ceramic components is to form a green body comprising a mixture of the ceramic material and various organic or inorganic additives, and then to fire it in a kiln to produce a strong, vitrified object. Additives can serve as solvents, dispersants (deflocculants), binders, plasticizers, lubricants, or wetting agents.

This method is used because of difficulties with the casting of ceramics — due to their extremely high melting temperature and viscosity (relative to other materials such as metals and polymers).

Ceramic engineering
Ceramic engineering is the science of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done using either heat or precipitation reactions on high-purity chemical solutions at lower temperatures. The term includes the purification of raw materials, the study and production of chemical compounds, their formation into components, and the study of their structure, composition, and properties.

Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, with long-range order on atomic scale. Glass-ceramics may have an amorphous or glassy structure. They can be formed from a molten mass that solidifies on cooling or chemically synthesized at low temperatures using methods such as  hydrothermal synthesis.

Ceramic materials are used in the fields of materials engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering. Ceramics are heat resistant, so they can be used for tasks in which materials like metal and polymers are unsuitable.
2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool A
Group A of the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2008 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.

2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I zonal competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the sixteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I. The top two teams advanced to World Group II play-offs, and the bottom two teams were relegated down to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II for the next year.
Julien Denormandie
Julien Denormandie (born 14 August 1980) is a French engineer and politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as Minister of Agriculture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex from 2019 to 2022.

Denormandie was named Minister (in France named Secretary of state)  of Territorial Cohesion on 21 June 2017, and then Minister for Towns and Housing in October 2018.

Jean Castex
Jean Castex ([ʒɑ̃ kastɛks] ⓘ; born 25 June 1965) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 3 July 2020 to 16 May 2022. He was a member of The Republicans (LR) until 2020. Castex served for twelve years as mayor of the small town of Prades prior to his appointment as prime minister by President Emmanuel Macron. He resigned his post ahead of the 2022 legislative election. After leaving public office, he served as president of the state-owned RATP from 2022 to 2025, and has served as president of the SNCF since November 2025.
Liverpool's Dream
Liverpool’s Dream was a three-day outdoor performance art event featuring giant marionettes, that took place in Liverpool, England, from 5 to 7 October 2018. The event attracted more than a million visitors to the city and was, in part, a celebration of the 10th anniversary of Liverpool’s year as European Capital of Culture in 2008. It was billed as being the last appearance of the giants and the final show of the ‘Giants Trilogy’ after Sea Odyssey and Memories of August 1914.

Royal de Luxe
Royal de Luxe is a French mechanical marionette street theatre company which specialises in giant puppets. They were founded in 1979 in Aix-en-Provence by Jean-Luc Courcoult. After some years based in Toulouse, the company moved to Nantes in 1989. The company has performed in France, Belgium, England, Germany, Iceland, Chile, Australia, Mexico, Canada, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Ireland.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's road race C4–5
The men's road race C4-5 cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 3 September 2021, at the Fuji Speedway in Shizuoka Prefecture. 14 riders competed in the event.

The event covers the following two classifications, that all use standard bicycles:

C4: cyclists with mild hemiplegic or diplegic spasticity; mild athetosis or ataxia; unilateral below-knee or bilateral below elbow amputation, etc. tetraplegics with severe upper limb impairment to the C6 vertebra.

C5: cyclists with mild monoplegic spasticity; unilateral arm amputation (above or below elbow), etcetera.

Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place in two separate locations. Track cycling took place at the Izu Velodrome from 25 to 28 August 2021 and road cycling took place on the Fuji Speedway from 31 August to 3 September 2021.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

The competition was dominated by the squads from Great Britain and The Netherlands, winning 19 gold medals from 51 events. Great Britain, as in 2008, 2012 and 2016 dominated the track events, while the Netherlands were particularly strong in road racing.

Among the highlights were Great Britain's Sarah Storey becoming her country's most successful ever Paralympian, echoing the achievement of Jason Kenny in the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning her 15th, 16th and 17th gold medals in her eighth Paralympic Games.
James F. Sundah
Ir. James F. Sundah (born James Freddy Sundah) is an Indonesian songwriter, of Minahasa descent. He was born in Semarang on December 1, 1955. A prominent figure in the Indonesian music industry, Sundah is best known for his evergreen song "Lilin Lilin Kecil" (Little Candles), sung by Chrisye (released in 1977). Which won the "Listeners' Favorite Choice" Award from the prominent Prambors Rasisonia Radio in Jakarta.

Jockie Soerjoprajogo
Jockie Soerjoprajogo (Indonesian: [ˈjoki sʊrjopraˈjoɡo]; Perfected Spelling: Yockie Suryoprayogo; 14 September 1954 – 5 February 2018) was an Indonesian musician and songwriter. Jockie began his musical career while a junior high school student in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. After working with bands in Jakarta and Surabaya, in 1973, he joined with Ahmad Albar, Donny Fattah and Ludwig Leeman to form God Bless; he would remain with this band intermittently until the 2000s. Jockie also worked with artists such as Chrisye and Iwan Fals, ultimately writing two songs—"Kehidupan" ("Life") and "Kesaksian" ("Witness")—that were listed by Rolling Stone Indonesia as among the best Indonesian songs of all time.
Emberá people
The Emberá listenⓘ, also known in the historical literature as the Chocó or Katío Indians, are an Indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. Together with the Wounaan (or Waunana) they are part of the Emberá-Wounaan group. In the Emberá languages, the word ẽberá can be used to mean person, man, or Indigenous person, depending on the context in which it is used.

Emberá-Wounaan Comarca
Emberá-Wounaan is a comarca indígena (indigenous territory) in eastern Panama. It was created by Law Number 22 on November 8, 1983, out of the former Chepigana and Pinogana districts of the Darién Province. Its capital is Unión Chocó, and it is notable for being composed of two non-contiguous sections. 12,358 people lived here in 2023, with over 95% of them being indigenous peoples.