hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kızılpınar, Çerkezköy
Kızılpınar is a former town in Çerkezköy district of Tekirdağ Province, Turkey. Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is subdivided into three mahalle: Atatürk, Gültepe and Namık Kemal. It lies directly to the southwest Çerkezköy. Distance to Tekirdağ is about 55 kilometres (34 mi). The population of Kızılpınar is 54,268 (2022). The town was founded by Muslim refugees from Bulgaria during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). According to Mayor's page, some members of Malkoçoğlu Family of the Ottoman Empire were among these refugees.

Çerkezköy
Çerkezköy is a municipality and district of Tekirdağ Province, Turkey. Its area is 86 km2, and its population is 206,829 (2022). Çerkezköy is located in inland Thrace just to the west of the outlying Istanbul districts of Çatalca and Silivri. Çerkezköy is an industrial area. It is 56 km (35 mi) from Tekirdağ and 110 km (68 mi) from Istanbul but in many ways has closer links to the bigger city. The mayor is Vahap Akay (CHP).
Jiuchengia
Jiuchengia longoccipita is a coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Emsian epoch of Wuding, Yunnan.

Its skull is similar in form to those of Watsonosteus and Dickosteus, though J. longoccipita can be easily distinguished from them in that its skull is longer, and has anatomical features in common with homostiids.

Dickosteus
Dickosteus is an extinct genus of coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Eifelian to Early Givetian stages of the Middle Devonian period. Fossils are found in Orkney and Caithness, Scotland. It was a small placoderm with a total body length of 43.7 cm (17.2 in). It is one of the few placoderms for which complete bodies are known.
Melanomyinae
The Melanomyinae are a subfamily of Calliphoridae, or blow flies. According to Whitworth, the most distinguishing characteristic of this subfamily is its dull color; however, the biology is poorly known.: 723

Calliphoridae
The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. The family is known to be polyphyletic, but much remains disputed regarding proper treatment of the constituent taxa, some of which are occasionally accorded family status (e.g., Bengaliidae and Helicoboscidae).
Ramesseum
The Ramesseum is the memorial temple (or mortuary temple) of Pharaoh Ramesses II ("Ramesses the Great"). It is located in the Theban Necropolis in Upper Egypt, on the west of the River Nile, across from the modern city of Luxor.

It is the second largest temple in Egypt, occupying an area of c. 10 hectares (1,100,000 sq ft).

It was originally called the House of millions of years of Usermaatra-setepenra that unites with Thebes-the-city in the domain of Amun. Usermaatra-setepenra was the prenomen of Ramesses II.

Pylon (architecture)
In ancient Egyptian architecture, a pylon is a monumental gate of an Egyptian temple (Egyptian: bxn.t in the Manuel de Codage transliteration). The English word "pylon" comes from the Greek term πυλών 'gate'. The Egyptian pylon consists of two pyramidal towers, each tapered and surmounted by a cornice, joined by a less elevated section enclosing the entrance between them. The gate was generally about half the height of the towers. Contemporary paintings of pylons show them with long poles flying banners.
Samuel Reber II
Colonel Samuel Reber, Sr. (October 16, 1864 – April 16, 1933) was an aviation pioneer in the Signal Corps.

He was born on October 16, 1864, in Missouri. Reber attended the United States Military Academy and graduated on July 1, 1882. He was promoted to second lieutenant in the 4th Cavalry Regiment on July 1, 1886. John J. Pershing, along with Charles T. Menoher, George B. Duncan, Julius Penn, and several others, were among his classmates. He married Cecilia Sherman Miles, the daughter of General Nelson Appleton Miles and Mary Hoyt Sherman, on January 10, 1900, in Washington, D.C. They had two sons, Miles and Samuel Reber, Jr.

He died on April 16, 1933. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery on April 16, 1933.

George B. Duncan
Major General George Brand Duncan (October 10, 1861 – March 15, 1950) was a United States Army officer who served in numerous conflicts, most notably World War I, where he commanded the 82nd Division, now the 82nd Airborne Division.
Mountain Valley Airport
Mountain Valley Airport (FAA LID: L94) is a privately owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) southeast of the central business district of Tehachapi, in Kern County, California, United States.

The airport is used for glider operations and training. It was established for its close proximity to various advantageous lift effects for soaring where the Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountains and the Mojave Desert meet.

The Skylark North Glider School performs glider flight training for civilians as well as for the US Air Force Test Pilot School (from Edwards AFB), the National Test Pilot School (from the Mojave Air & Space Port), NASA and others.  Due to the ongoing training contract with the US Air Force Test Pilot School, most NASA Space Shuttle pilots who came from the Air Force have probably received glider training at Mountain Valley Airport.

Tehachapi Mountains
The Tehachapi Mountains (/təˈhætʃəpi/) are a mountain range in the Transverse Ranges system of California in the Western United States. The range extends for approximately 40 miles (64 km) in southern Kern County and northwestern Los Angeles County and form part of the boundary between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert.
Special Security Team
The Special Security Team (特殊警備隊, Tokushu-keibi-tai) is a police tactical unit of the Japan Coast Guard, based at the Osaka Special Security Station (大阪特殊警備基地). The acronym of its Kanji name has already been used by other units, the abbreviation "SST" is used for this team.

The 1997 Maritime Safety Agency white paper stated that the SST's mission is to deal with security incidents in maritime waters, including boarding ships and anti-terrorist operations.

Police tactical unit
A police tactical unit (PTU) is a specialized police unit trained and equipped to handle situations that are beyond the capabilities of ordinary law enforcement units because of the level of violence (or risk of violence) involved. The tasks of a police tactical unit may include executing dangerous search warrants and arrest warrants for dangerous persons; arresting or neutralizing dangerous or mentally ill armed persons; and intervening in high-risk situations such as shootouts, standoffs, hostage-takings, and terrorist incidents.
Singaporean Australians
Singaporean Australians are Australians of Singaporean descent. As Singapore is a multi-racial country, a Singaporean Australian could either be of Chinese, Malay or Indian descent, the main races of Singapore. According to the 2006 Australian census, 39,969 Australians were born in Singapore while 4,626 claimed Singaporean ancestry, either alone or with another ancestry.

In 2019, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs statistics showed the Singaporean community in Australia had a population of 64,739, with the number including both Australians of Singapore origin and Singaporeans residing in Australia. It is the 2nd largest community of overseas Singaporeans.

Most Singaporeans in Australia consists of expatriate professionals, working holidays graduates, as well as skilled workers, with many still maintaining close ties with Singapore.

Buddhism in Singapore
Buddhism is the largest religion in Singapore, practiced by approximately 31.1% of the population as of 2020. As per the census, out of 3,459,093 Singaporeans polled, 1,074,159 of them identified themselves as Buddhists.

Buddhism was introduced in Singapore primarily by migrants from around the world over the past centuries. The first recorded histories of the Indian religion in Singapore can be observed in early monasteries and temples such as Thian Hock Keng and Jin Long Si Temple that were built by settlers that came from various parts of Asia.

There are a variety of Buddhist organizations in Singapore, with the more predominant authorities being established ones such as the Singapore Buddhist Federation (SBF).
Baoshan Road station
Baoshan Road (simplified Chinese: 宝山路; traditional Chinese: 寶山路; pinyin: Bǎoshān Lù) is a station shared between Lines 3 and 4 on the Shanghai Metro. It is located in the former Zhabei District, now part of Jing'an District, and is the northernmost station shared between these lines. The station is located near the Shanghai Railway Museum, and opened on 26 December 2000 as part of the initial section of Line 3 from Shanghai South Railway Station to Jiangwan Town, and Line 4 service began here on the final day of 2005.

Line 4 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 4 is a loop line of the Shanghai Metro network. The older rolling stock 04A01 carry a bright purple colour belt to differentiate them from Line 3 trains which share a portion of its route, while the newer 04A02 stock features a yellow and purple livery, which the exact line is labelled using sticker or screens saying "Line 3" or "Line 4". To determine the direction of travel, the line that travels counter-clockwise is called the Outer Loop (外环), while the other line is known as the Inner Loop (内环). Although it is a loop line, trains returning to the depot use Yishan Road as a terminal to let all passengers disembark. The first segment of the line between Damuqiao Road and Lancun Road (running in a "C"-shape) opened on December 31, 2005. The remainder of the line opened on December 29, 2007. The line is colored purple on system maps.
1984 Tolly Cobbold Classic
The 1984 Tolly Cobbold Classic was the sixth and final edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place in February 1984 at the Corn Exchange in Ipswich, England.

Steve Davis won the tournament beating Tony Knowles 8–2 in the final.

Tolly Cobbold Classic
The Tolly Cobbold Classic was a non-ranking snooker tournament staged between 1979 and 1984. It was held at the Corn Exchange in Ipswich and sponsored by local brewers Tolly Cobbold. It is not to be confused with the Classic ranking event.
The Other Side (Grimm)
"The Other Side" is the 8th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 2 and the 30th overall, which premiered on October 19, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by William Bigelow, and was directed by Eric Laneuville.

Grimm season 2
The second season of the NBC American supernatural drama series Grimm premiered on August 13, 2012, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm.
Spanish immigration to Cuba
Spanish immigration to Cuba began in 1492, when the Spanish first landed on the island, and continues to the present day. The first sighting of a Spanish boat approaching the island was on 27 October 1492, probably at Bariay on the eastern point of the island. Columbus, on his first voyage to the Americas, sailed south from what is now The Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus came to the island believing it to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland.

Canary Islanders
Canary Islanders, or Canarians (Spanish: canarios), are the people of the Canary Islands, an autonomous community of Spain near the coast of Northwest Africa. The distinctive variety of the Spanish language spoken in the region is known as habla canaria (Canary speech) or the (dialecto) canario (Canarian dialect). The Canarians, and their descendants, played a major role during the conquest, colonization, and eventual independence movements of various countries in Latin America. Their ethnic and cultural presence is most palpable in the countries of Uruguay, Venezuela, Cuba and the Dominican Republic as well as the US territory of Puerto Rico.
Barathea
Barathea, sometimes spelled barrathea, is a soft fabric with a broken twill weft rib, giving a surface that is lightly pebbled or ribbed, with the effect of a twill running both left and right. Originally developed as a cloth for mourning clothes in the 1840s, it took several decades to become popular for other purposes, due to its association with bereavement.

The yarns used are various combinations of wool, silk and cotton.  Worsted barathea (made with a smooth wool yarn) is often used for evening coats, such as dress coats, dinner jackets, and military uniforms, in black and midnight blue. Silk barathea, either all silk, or using cotton weft and silken warp, is widely used in the necktie industry.

Twill
Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of parallel, diagonal ribs. It is one of three fundamental types of weave, along with plain weave and satin. It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step", or offset, between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. Due to this structure, twill generally drapes well.
Altaf Hossain Chowdhury
Air Vice Marshal (Retd.) Altaf Hossain Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi politician and retired military officer who served as the Chief of Air Staff of the Bangladesh Air Force from 1991 to 1995. A senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), he currently serves as a Vice Chairman of the party's National Executive Committee. Chowdhury served as the Minister of Home Affairs (2001–2004) and Minister of Commerce (2004–2006). He is a two-term Member of the Jatiya Sangsad representing the Patuakhali-1 constituency, having previously served from 2001 to 2006 and being re-elected in the 13th National Parliament Election held on February 12, 2026.

Minister of Commerce (Bangladesh)
The Minister of Commerce of Bangladesh is a member of the Cabinet of Bangladesh responsible for heading the Ministry of Commerce of the Government of Bangladesh. The minister oversees all departments, agencies, and statutory bodies under the ministry and is responsible for formulating and implementing national trade and commerce policies.
Instant breakfast
Instant breakfast typically refers to breakfast food products that are manufactured in a powdered form, which are generally prepared with the addition of milk and then consumed as a drink. Some instant breakfasts are produced and marketed in liquid form. The target market for instant breakfast products includes consumers who tend to be busy, such as students and working adults.

Breakfast
Breakfast is the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning. The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night. Various "typical" or "traditional" breakfast menus exist, with food choices varying by regions and traditions worldwide.
Ferrous tungstate
Ferrous tungstate (FeWO4) is an inorganic compound, a tungstate of ferrous iron. It can be synthesized from iron(III) chloride and sodium tungstate under hydrothermal conditions with the presence of L-cysteine reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+. Ferberite is composed of this compound.

Tungstate
In chemistry, a tungstate is a compound that contains an oxyanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO2−4, "orthotungstate". Many other tungstates belong to a large group of polyatomic ions that are termed polyoxometalates, ("POMs"), and specifically termed isopolyoxometalates as they contain, along with oxygen and maybe hydrogen, only one other element. Almost all useful tungsten ores are tungstates.
Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg
Maximilian Joseph Eugene Auguste Napoleon de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Romanowsky (2 October 1817 – 1 November 1852) was the husband of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna of Russia and first cousin of Emperors Napoleon III of the French and Francis Joseph I of Austria. He was a grandson of Napoleon I's first wife, the Empress Josephine, by her prior marriage to Alexandre de Beauharnais.

A student of Moritz von Jacobi, he is known as one of pioneers in galvanoplasty and an expert in copper and bronze metalworks generally, as well as an art collector. He was the proprietor of the first locomotive works in Russia.

Alexandre de Beauharnais
Alexandre François Marie, Viscount of Beauharnais (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ də boaʁnɛ]; 28 May 1760 – 23 July 1794) was a French politician and general of the French Revolution. He was the first husband of Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie, who later married Napoleon Bonaparte and became empress of France. Beauharnais was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror.
Ouvrage Les Sarts
Ouvrage Les Sarts is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, built as part of the "New Fronts" program to address shortcomings in the Line's coverage of the border with Belgium. Like the other three ouvrages near Maubeuge, it is built on an old Séré de Rivières system fortification, near the town of Marieux.

Séré de Rivières system
The Séré de Rivières system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 along the frontiers, ridges and coasts of France. The fortifications were named after their architect, Brigadier-General Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières. The fortresses were obsolescent by 1914 but were used during the First World War.
Air Canada enRoute Film Festival
The Air Canada enRoute Film Festival was an annual film festival of short films hosted by Air Canada and its in-flight magazine enRoute. Films were shown as in-flight entertainment as well as screened theatrically in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

EnRoute (magazine)
enRoute is the in-flight magazine and entertainment system of Air Canada. All content in the print magazine, as well as the website, is published in both French and English by Spafax. The magazine has offices in both Montreal, Quebec. and Toronto, Ontario.
Lloyd Strickland
Lloyd Strickland (born 1973) is a British philosopher, intellectual historian, Leibniz scholar, and translator of early modern philosophical texts. He is Professor of Philosophy and Intellectual History at Manchester Metropolitan University.

Harry R. Lewis
Harry Roy Lewis (born 1947) is an American computer scientist, mathe­ma­ti­cian, and uni­ver­sity admin­i­stra­tor known for his research in com­pu­ta­tional logic, textbooks in theoretical computer science, and writings on computing, higher education, and technology.  He is Gordon McKay Research Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University, and was Dean of Harvard College from 1995 to 2003.

Essentially all of Lewis's career has been at Harvard, where he has been honored for his "particularly distinguished contributions to undergraduate teaching"; his students have included future entrepreneurs Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg, and numerous future faculty members at Harvard and other schools.
The website "Six Degrees to Harry Lewis", created by Zuckerberg while at Harvard, was a precursor to Facebook.
International Polkafest
The International Polkafest is an annual music festival devoted to polka. The festival draws about a dozen bands and was held for a time and until 2008 at the Ironworld Discovery Center in Chisholm, Minnesota.  The first Polkafest was held in Pine City, Minnesota in 1978 at the Pine County Fairgrounds and it was held there most often throughout the years until it outgrew the space.  The event was the brainchild of Florian Chmielewski, and attracts thousands of people each year.

An International Polkafest was held in Kitzbühel, Austria in 1978.

Polka
Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music in 24 originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Though generally associated with Czech and Central European culture, polka is popular throughout Europe and the Americas.
Ronald Syme
Sir Ronald Syme, OM, FBA (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roman Empire since Edward Gibbon. His great work was The Roman Revolution (1939), a masterly and controversial analysis of political life in the Roman Republic following the assassination of Julius Caesar, offering critical views about Octavian in particular that challenged widely accepted views in contemporary academia.

Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon FRS (/ˈɡɪbən/; 8 May 1737 – 16 January 1794) was a British essayist, historian and minor politician. His most important and influential work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1789, to critical and commercial success. It is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its polemical criticism of organized religion.
Alan Baker (diplomat)
Alan Baker (Hebrew: אלן בייקר; born 1947) is an Israeli expert in international law and former ambassador of the state of Israel to Canada. He is the director of the Institute for Contemporary Affairs at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs and a former partner in the Tel Aviv law firm of Moshe, Bloomfield, Kobo, Baker & Co. He was a military prosecutor and senior legal adviser in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and represented the Ministry of Defense at international conferences, and then joined the Foreign Ministry as legal adviser. He participated in the negotiation and drafting of agreements and peace treaties with Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and the Palestinians. In January 2012 he was appointed by Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu to the three member committee chaired by former Justice Edmund Levy to examine the legal aspects of land ownership in the West Bank. The committee's report, referred to as Levy Report, was published by the Israeli government in Hebrew in July 2012.

Edmond Levy (judge)
Edmond Eliyahu Levy (Hebrew: אדמונד אליהו לוי; October 11, 1941 – March 11, 2014) was an Israeli judge of the Supreme Court of Israel and member of the Judicial Selection Committee. In January 2012, he was appointed by Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu to head a three-member committee to examine the legal aspects of land ownership in the West Bank. The committee′s report, usually referred to as the "Levy Report", was published in July 2012.
KDZR
KDZR (1640 AM) is a commercial radio station, licensed to Lake Oswego, Oregon, and serving the Portland metropolitan area. The station airs a regional Mexican format and is owned by the Salem Media Group. KDZR's studios and offices are on SE Lake Road in Portland.

The transmitter is off SE Eastview Drive in Happy Valley, Oregon. KDZR is powered at 10,000 watts by day, but at night reduces power to 1,000 watts, to reduce interference to other stations on AM 1640. The station uses a non-directional antenna at all times.

Lake Oswego, Oregon
Lake Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon, primarily in Clackamas County, with small portions extending into neighboring Multnomah and Washington counties. Population in 2020 was 40,731, an 11.2% increase since 2010, making it the 11th most populous city in Oregon. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland and surrounding the 405-acre (164 ha) Oswego Lake, the town was founded in 1847 and incorporated as Oswego in 1910. The city was the hub of Oregon's brief iron industry in the late 19th century, and is today a suburb of Portland.
Zawiszyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Zawiszyn [zaˈviʂɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubeninki, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) west of Dubeninki, 15 km (9 mi) east of Gołdap, and 144 km (89 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Dubeninki
Dubeninki ([dubɛˈninki]; Lithuanian: Dubininkai) is a village in Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dubeninki.