hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Energy of the Ribs
"Muscle Energy of the Ribs" is an Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine technique used to treat dysfunctional ribs.

When treating each rib with muscle energy, assistance with local muscles is elicited as follows:

Muscle energy technique
Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) describes a broad class of manual therapy techniques directed at improving musculoskeletal function or joint function, and improving pain. METs are commonly used by manual therapists, physical therapists, occupational therapist, chiropractors, athletic trainers, osteopathic physicians, and massage therapists. Muscle energy requires the patient to actively use their muscles on request to aid in treatment. Muscle energy techniques are used to treat somatic dysfunction, especially decreased range of motion, muscular hypertonicity, and pain.

Historically, the concept emerged as a form of osteopathic manipulative diagnosis and treatment in which the patient's muscles are actively used on request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a distinctly executed physician counterforce. It was first described in 1948 by Fred Mitchell, Sr, D.O.
C9orf72
C9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene C9orf72.

The human C9orf72 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, from base pair 27,546,546 to base pair 27,573,866 (GRCh38). Its cytogenetic location is at 9p21.2.

The protein is found in many regions of the brain, in the cytoplasm of neurons as well as in presynaptic terminals. Disease-causing mutations in the gene were first discovered by two independent research teams, led by Rosa Rademakers of Mayo Clinic and Bryan Traynor of the National Institutes of Health, with their findings published in October 2011. The mutations in C9orf72 are significant because it is the first pathogenic mechanism identified to be a genetic link between familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is the most common mutation identified that is associated with familial FTD and/or ALS in Caucasians.

Chromosome 9
Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells.
Flinders Island
Flinders Island, the largest island in the Furneaux Group, is a 1,367-square-kilometre (528 sq mi) island in the Bass Strait, northeast of the island of Tasmania. Today Flinders Island is part of the state of Tasmania, Australia. It is 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Cape Portland and is located on 40° south, a zone known as the Roaring Forties.

Cape Portland
Cape Portland, officially Luemerrernanner / Cape Portland, is both a geographical feature and a locality near the north-eastern tip of Tasmania, Australia. The cape points west across Ringarooma Bay, where the Ringarooma River empties into the Tasman Sea.

It was named after the Duke of Portland by Matthew Flinders during his 1798 circumnavigation of the island in the sloop Norfolk with George Bass. The Pyemmairre name of the Cape Portland district is Tebrakunna.

Banks Strait separates Cape Portland from Clarke Island, one of the Furneaux Group, to the north.
Diffractive beam splitter
The diffractive beam splitter (also known as multispot beam generator or array beam generator) is a single optical element that divides an input beam into multiple output beams. Each output beam retains the same optical characteristics as the input beam, such as size, polarization and phase. A diffractive beam splitter can generate either a 1-dimensional beam array (1xN) or a 2-dimensional beam matrix (MxN), depending on the diffractive pattern on the element. The diffractive beam splitter is used with monochromatic light such as a laser beam, and is designed for a specific wavelength and angle of separation between output beams.

Beam splitter
A beam splitter or beamsplitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light into a transmitted and a reflected beam. It is a crucial part of many optical experimental and measurement systems, such as interferometers, also finding widespread application in fibre optic telecommunications.
1968 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Rod Laver defeated Tony Roche in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1968 Wimbledon Championships. It was his third Wimbledon singles title and seventh Grand Slam tournament singles title overall. It was the first edition of Wimbledon open to professional tennis players, marking a period in tennis history known as the Open Era.

John Newcombe was the defending champion, but was defeated in the fourth round by Arthur Ashe.

1968 Wimbledon Championships
The 1968 Wimbledon Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 24 June until Saturday 6 July 1968. It was the 82nd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1968.

This tournament started the Open Era for Wimbledon, as it became the second Grand Slam tournament to offer prize money and allow professionals to compete after the 1968 French Open. Singles champions Rod Laver and Billie Jean King had already won Wimbledon twice before in the amateur era.
Kuniteru
Utagawa Kuniteru (Japanese: 歌川国輝; active 1818–1860) was an ukiyo-e artist in the tradition of the Utagawa school. Born in Edo (Tokyo), he studied under both Kunisada and Toyokuni I. He produced prints of a wide variety of subjects, including many depicting the increasing Western influence on Japan, with his main output taking the form of book illustrations and single-sheet ukiyo-e.

He was known by various names: he called himself Kunitsuna II or Ichiransai until the Ganji era (1864/1865). Before 1844 he may also have been known as Sadashige and signed works using the name Ichiyusai.

As Kunitsuna II he concentrated on caricatures and scenes from his travels. After taking his master's name, he expanded his range to include scenes of sumo wrestling, and the modernization and westernization of Japan.

Utagawa Toyokuni
Utagawa Toyokuni (歌川 豊国; 1769 – 24 February 1825), also often referred to as Toyokuni I, to distinguish him from the members of his school who took over his gō (art-name) after he died, was a great master of ukiyo-e, known in particular for his kabuki actor prints. He was the second head of the renowned Utagawa school of Japanese woodblock artists, and was the artist who elevated it to the position of great fame and power it occupied for the rest of the nineteenth century.
Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles
Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles is a 2001 action comedy film directed by Simon Wincer and starring Paul Hogan. It is the sequel to Crocodile Dundee II (1988) and the third and final installment of the Crocodile Dundee film series. Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Michael "Crocodile" Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively.

The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Queensland. Actor Paul Hogan reported that the inspiration for the storyline came during a tour of Litomyšl, Czech Republic in 1993. It was released on 18 April 2001 in the United States. It grossed $39.4 million worldwide and received negative reviews from critics who called it an unnecessary sequel.

Crocodile Dundee (film series)
The Crocodile Dundee film series consists of action-comedy films centered on a crocodile hunter named Michael J. "Crocodile" Dundee. The movies star Paul Hogan in the title role, over the course of three feature films. Hogan refused several proposals for more Crocodile Dundee films.
0-2-2-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-2-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered but uncoupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels. Some authorities place brackets around the duplicated but uncoupled wheels, creating a notation 0-(2-2)-0.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Infrastructure Cost Review
The Infrastructure Cost Review was a 2010 report commissioned by the government of the United Kingdom and written by Infrastructure UK to find efficiency savings in the delivery of infrastructure projects. The British government aimed to make savings of up to £3 billion per year on current expenditure by 2015, primarily in the pre-construction phase.  The report made a series of recommendations for changes in government procurement and planning.  Cost savings were quickly realised and Infrastructure UK reported savings of £1.5 billion at the end of the first reporting year and £3 billion by 2014.  The programme was projected to have saved £50 billion in expenditure by the end of the 2010s.  Infrastructure UK was absorbed into the Infrastructure and Projects Authority which launched its Transforming Infrastructure Performance in 2017 which aims to make £15 billion in annual savings.

Infrastructure UK
Infrastructure UK (IUK) was a division of HM Treasury within the Treasury's Public Services and Growth Directorate, which advised the UK government on the long-term infrastructure needs of the UK and provided commercial expertise to support major projects and programmes  between 2010 and 2016.

On 1 January 2016, it was merged with Major Projects Authority to form the Infrastructure and Projects Authority, which reports both to HM Treasury and the Cabinet Office.

Its chief executive was Geoffrey Spence.
1988 City of Glasgow District Council election
Elections for the City of Glasgow District Council took place on Thursday 5 May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.

Labour continued its control of the council whilst the Conservatives vote share continued to drop. Voter turnout was 42%, up from 40.3% in the previous election.

1988 Scottish local elections
Local elections were held in Scotland on 5 May 1988, to elect members to all 53 district councils under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which had established the two-tier system of regions and districts.
Cinema of Jamaica
Despite Jamaica never having a very strong film industry, the island has produced notable films from the 1970s onwards. The most critically acclaimed film is The Harder They Come (1972), by Perry Henzell, which received international acclaim. The Jamaican government and various private citizens have tried to promote the creation of new films by the creation of certain agencies such as the Jamaican Film Commission, and film festivals such as the Reggae Film Festival. The Harder They Come sparked trends that were apparent in following films such as Dancehall Queen and One Love, both directed by Don Letts and Rick Elgood.

Countryman (film)
Countryman is a 1982 action/adventure film directed by Dickie Jobson. It tells the story of a Jamaican fisherman whose solitude is shattered when he rescues two Americans from the wreckage of a plane crash. The fisherman, called Countryman, is hurled into a political plot by the dangerous Colonel Sinclair. Countryman uses his knowledge of the terrain and his innate combat skills to survive and protect his new friends from being caught by Sinclair. This film explores Jamaican culture; at the end of the film, it is described as a tribute to the musical legend Bob Marley whose music is often played throughout the film.

The film was the first from Island Records' new film division. The film was shot in Jamaica and featured a reggae soundtrack performed by Lee "Scratch" Perry, Bob Marley & the Wailers, Steel Pulse, Dennis Brown, Aswad, Toots & The Maytals and Rico Rodriguez. It was written by Jobson and  produced by Island Records founder Chris Blackwell and has become a cult classic.
Royal colonel
Royal Colonel is an appointment made by the British monarch, currently King Charles III, to members of the British royal family who are appointed to the position of Colonel-in-Chief or Colonel of a regiment within the British or Commonwealth army.  Royal Colonel appointments are made for regiments and military units of the British Army.  Similar roles exist in honorary Air Commodores-in-Chief and Air Commodores for the Royal Air Force, and honorary Commodore-in-Chief for the Royal Navy.

These appointments are honorary and allow the holder to wear the regimental uniform with rank insignia of (full) colonel, regardless of their official rank. They are a ceremonial appointment designed to further strengthen the bond between the British Army and the Royal Family.

The appointment of Royal Colonels is made by the Sovereign and is announced in a press release issued by Buckingham Palace.

Colonel-in-chief
Colonel-in-chief is a ceremonial position in an army regiment. It is in common use in several Commonwealth armies, where it is held by the regiment's patron, usually a member of the royal family.

Some armed forces take a light-hearted approach to the position, appointing animals or characters as colonel-in-chief. The Norwegian Army, for example, appointed a king penguin named Sir Nils Olav as a colonel-in-chief.
Electoral district of King and Georgiana
King and Georgiana was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1856 to 1859, named after King and Georgiana counties, including Yass and Taralga. Its only member was Peter Faucett. It was largely replaced by the electoral district of Yass Plains in 1859.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Ganisa similis
Ganisa similis is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It is found from the Himalayas to western China and Sundaland. The habitat consists of lowland and lower montane forests.

Adults are similar to Ganisa plana, but can be distinguished by the oblique dark shading of the forewings.

Ganisa plana
Ganisa plana is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found from the Himalayas to southern China and Sundaland, as well as in Palawan in the Philippines. The habitat consists of lowland and lower montane forests.

The larvae feed on Jasminum species.
1955 California League season
The 1955 California League was a Class C baseball season played between April 15 and September 5. Eight teams played a 148-game schedule, as the winner of each half of the season qualified for the California League championship round.

The Fresno Cardinals won the California League championship, defeating the Stockton Ports in the final round of the playoffs.

Stockton Ports
The Stockton Ports are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the Athletics. They are located in Stockton, California, and are named for the city's seaport. The team plays its home games at Banner Island Ballpark which opened in 2005 and seats over 5,000 people.

The Ports were established in 1941 as members of the California League and have won the California League championship 11 times.
Apetumodu
Apetumodu is a traditional title of the ruler of Ipetumodu, a notable town in Osun State, Nigeria. The Apetumodu is a first-class Oba and the Deputy Chairman of the Osun State Council of Kings. Akalako was the first Apetumodu. The current Apetumodu is Oba Joseph Olugbenga Oloyede Latimogun I, who ascended the throne in 2019.

Joseph Olugbenga Oloyede
Oba Joseph Olugbenga Oloyede (Latimogun I) is a tax consultant and the 27th and current traditional ruler of Ipetumodu (Apetumodu of Ipetumodu), a town in Ife North Local Government Area of Osun State. He ascended the throne in November 2019, following the demise of Oba James Adedokun Adegoke in November 2017.
David Rose (club secretary)
David Rose (1942 or 1943 – September 2024) was an English football club secretary of Ipswich Town F.C.  He started his career at the club aged 15 under Alf Ramsey, before becoming secretary of the club in 1958.  He retired in 2003, and was made an honorary vice-president of the club in 2006. In 2004, he received a UEFA Order of Merit.

Rose served on the board of the Suffolk County Football Association until 2015 when he stepped down.  He sat on commissions for The Football Association.

Along with former players Chris Kiwomya and Steve McCall, Rose was inducted into the Ipswich Town F.C. Hall of Fame in March 2017 for his service to the club.

On 4 September 2024, it was announced that Rose had died at the age of 81.

Chris Kiwomya
Christopher Mark Kiwomya (born 2 December 1969) is an English football manager and former professional footballer, who was the manager of British Virgin Islands national football team.

He played as a forward from 1987 until 2002 notably in the Premier League for Ipswich Town and Arsenal. He also played in the Football League for Queens Park Rangers, as well as playing abroad for Le Havre, Selangor and AaB. He also played for the England U21 team. After retiring as a player, he went on to gain his UEFA Pro Licence from the English FA and has coached and managed at clubs including Arsenal Academy and Ipswich. In 2013 he had a spell as manager of Notts County.
Transnational University Limburg
The transnationale Universiteit Limburg (abbreviation tUL and translation in English is: 'transnational University Limburg') is based in Belgium and the Netherlands. The tUL was founded together by both the Universiteit Maastricht and the Limburgs Universitair Centrum, now Hasselt University as a way to co-operate better.

Hasselt University
Hasselt University (Dutch: Universiteit Hasselt or UHasselt) is a public research university with campuses in Hasselt and Diepenbeek, Belgium. It has more than 8,190 students and 1,850 academic, administrative and technical staff (2025). The university was officially established in 1971 as the Limburg Universitair Centrum (LUC) and changed its name to Hasselt University in 2005.

UHasselt is ranked in the section 301-350 in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking (2025-2026).

As of October 2020, Rector of Hasselt University is Prof. Bernard Vanheusden. Vice-Rector for Education is Prof. Elke Hermans, Vice-Rector for Research, Innovation & Internationalisation is Prof. Ken Haenen.
Estaimpuis
Estaimpuis (French pronunciation: [etɛ̃pɥi] ⓘ or [etɛ̃pwi]; Dutch: Steenput; Picard: Timpu) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It consists of the following districts: Bailleul, Belgium, Estaimbourg, Estaimpuis, Évregnies, Leers-Nord, Néchin, and Saint-Léger, Estaimpuis.

The municipality is located in Picardy Wallonia.

Pecq
Pecq (French pronunciation: [pɛk]; Picard: Pècq; Walloon: Pêk) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Esquelmes, Hérinnes, Obigies, Pecq, and Warcoing.
Central Party School
The Central Party School, officially the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a higher education institution that trains Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres. It is located in Haidian, Beijing, close to Summer Palace and Old Summer Palace.

The current president is Chen Xi, a former member of the CCP Politburo.

Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) frames its ideology as Marxism–Leninism adapted to the historical context of China, which it calls the Sinicization of Marxism, often expressing it as socialism with Chinese characteristics. Major ideological contributions of the CCP's leadership are viewed as "Thought" or "Theory," with "Thought" carrying greater weight. Influential concepts include Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and Xi Jinping Thought. Other important concepts include the socialist market economy, Jiang Zemin's idea of the Three Represents, and Hu Jintao's Scientific Outlook on Development.
Benjamin F. Koons
Benjamin Franklin Koons (1844 – 1903) was an American natural historian who served as second Principal of Storrs Agricultural School (1883–1893) and first President of Storrs Agricultural College (1893–1898), now the University of Connecticut.

National Grange
The National Grange, also known as The Grange and officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the Granger Laws to lower rates charged by railroads, and rural free mail delivery by the Post Office.

In 2025, the Grange had a membership of 140,000, with organizations in 1,400 communities. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges continue to serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
2011 Samsung Securities Cup
The 2011 Samsung Securities Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 12th edition and the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Seoul, South Korea between 17 and 23 October 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Estate Catherineberg
Estate Catherineberg is a historic mansion on Denmark Hill in Charlotte Amalie, on Saint Thomas island, in the territory of the United States Virgin Islands.

It is owned by the Virgin Islands territorial government and previously served as a residence for the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands. The last governor to reside there was Charles Turnbull. After several years of vacancy, the territory's government announced in 2017 that the historic building would be opened to the public as a museum.

Charles Wesley Turnbull
Charles Wesley Turnbull (February 5, 1935 – July 3, 2022) was an U.S. Virgin Islands politician, educator and historian who served as the sixth governor of the United States Virgin Islands from 1999 to 2007.