hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernak
Ernak was the last known ruler of the Huns, and the third son of Attila. After Attila's death in AD 453, his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He succeeded his older brother Ellac in AD 454, and probably ruled simultaneously over Huns in dual kingship with his brother Dengizich, but in separate divisions in separate lands.

Priscus, during his stay at Attila's court in AD 448 or 449, recorded a personal occasion between Attila and Ernak. At a banquet Attila looked on him with serene eyes, while taking small account of his other sons. He was Attila's favorite son, because as a certain Hun explained to him, the Hunnic prophets prophesied his genos would fail, but would be restored by this son.

Ernak has often been identified with Irnik from the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, who is noted as a descendant of the Dulo clan and leader of the Bulgars for 150 years, starting approximately from AD 437.

Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen
Otto John Maenchen-Helfen (German: Otto Mänchen-Helfen; July 26, 1894 – January 29, 1969) was an Austrian academic, sinologist, historian, author, and traveler.

From 1927 to 1930, he worked at the Marx-Engels Institute in Moscow, and from 1930 to 1933 in Berlin. When the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, he returned to Austria, and after the Anschluss in 1938 he emigrated to the United States, eventually becoming a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the author of several oft-cited books, including a history of the Huns.

He was the first non-Russian to travel and report on Tannu Tuva. He obtained permission to travel there and study its inhabitants in 1929. He later published his experiences in a book, Reise ins asiatische Tuwa (Travels in Asiatic Tuva).
Landen railway station
Landen is a railway station in the town of Landen, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. The station opened on 2 April 1838 and is located on lines 21 and 36. The train services are operated by National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS).

Landen used to be located on 127 (to Statte) and 147 (to Tamines).

On 19 February 2016 a train ran away from a platform at Landen railway station after the driver left the cabin to inspect the train's mechanics. The train started moving in the direction of Tienen railway station and was stopped 30 minutes and 12 km later by a driver who jumped in the train's cab. No passengers were on the train during the incident.

Tienen railway station
Tienen railway station (Dutch: Station Tienen; French: Gare de Tirlemont) is a railway station in Tienen, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. The station opened on 22 September 1837 and is located on railway line 36. The train services are operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB).

The station building dates from 1841 and is the oldest station building in Belgium that is still in existence.

Tienen used to be located on lines 22 (to Diest) and 142 (to Namur). These two lines were closed between 1967 and 1990 and are now cycle routes.
Kalahun-e Bala
Kalahun-e Bala (Persian: كلاهون بالا, also Romanized as Kalāhūn-e Bālā) is a village in Marz Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 8 families.

Chah Dadkhoda District
Chah Dadkhoda District (Persian: بخش چاه دادخدا) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Dadkhoda.

The district is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of the county center and most of its people are farmers. Cereals, sesame and dates are the major crops grown in this area. The main source of irrigation is underground water, with some seasonal rivers that flow and end in Jaz-e Moryan.
Women's rights in Saudi Arabia
Women in Saudi Arabia have experienced many legal reforms since 2017, after facing fundamentalist Sahwa dominance for decades. However, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, Saudi women are still discriminated against in terms to marriage, family, and divorce despite the reforms, and the Saudi government continues to target and repress women's rights activists and movements. Prominent feminist campaigns include the Women to Drive Movement and the anti male-guardianship campaign, which have led to significant advances in women's rights.

Women's societal roles in Saudi Arabia are heavily affected by Islamic and local traditions of the Arabian Peninsula. Wahhabism, the official version of Sunni Islam in Saudi Arabia, as well as traditions of the Arabian Peninsula and national and local laws all impact women's rights in Saudi Arabia.

Wajeha al-Huwaider
Wajeha al-Huwaider (Arabic: وجيهة الحويدر) (born 1962 or 1963) is a Saudi activist and writer, who played a key role in the anti male-guardianship and women to drive campaigns during the early twenty-first century. She is a co-founder of the Association for the Protection and Defense of Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia. As a result of her work, al-Huwaider has been the recipient of both significant legal prosecution in Saudi Arabia and international praise.
Occupational privilege tax
Various state and local taxing authorities in the US require an employer or the employee to withhold and remit a tax on the wages paid to an employee.  Some states require both the employer and employee to remit a portion of the total occupational privilege tax (OPT), while others only require one or the other to do so.  As such, it is a type of payroll tax.  The genesis of this tax is the state's claim in recovering accrued benefits provided to the taxpayer in enabling them to become employed and allowing for the state or municipality to further provide for taxpayers in the future.

Payroll tax
Payroll taxes are taxes imposed on employers or employees. They are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their employees. By law, some payroll taxes are the responsibility of the employee and others fall on the employer, but almost all economists agree that the true economic incidence of a payroll tax is unaffected by this distinction, and falls largely or entirely on workers in the form of lower wages. Because payroll taxes fall exclusively on wages and not on returns to financial or physical investments, payroll taxes may contribute to underinvestment in human capital, such as higher education.
Lithobates clamitans
Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans, commonly known as the green frog, is a species of frog native to eastern North America. The two subspecies are the bronze frog and the northern green frog.

These frogs, as described by their name, typically have varying degrees of green heads. These frogs display significant acts of territoriality, with males being the primary actors. Male green frogs use this technique against other male frogs in addition to other intruders that might have interest in nearing their territory. Territoriality also plays a role in mating, as females favor males who are strong in this field and exhibit strong mating calls. Male green frogs use four different types of breeding calls to attract potential female mates. Predators of the eggs of green frogs include beetles, water bugs, and water scorpions. Adult frogs are typically threatened by several types of birds.

Pierre André Latreille
Pierre André Latreille (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ɑ̃dʁe latʁɛj]; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom after recognising a rare beetle species he found in the prison, Necrobia ruficollis.

He published his first important work, Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, in 1796, and was eventually employed by the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. His foresighted work on arthropod systematics and taxonomy gained him respect and accolades, including being asked to write the volume on insects for George Cuvier's monumental work, Le Règne Animal, the only part not by Cuvier himself.

Latreille was considered the foremost entomologist of his time, and was described by one of his pupils as "the prince of entomologists".
Francis John Linnell
Air Marshal Sir Francis John Linnell, KBE, CB (16 March 1892 – 3 November 1944) was a senior Royal Air Force commander during the Second World War. He was Controller of Research and Development of the Ministry of Aircraft Production during the development of the Bouncing bomb, the weapon eventually employed in Operation Chastise. 'Jack' was dubbed Sir Francis in the desert in front of the British press by King George VI and posthumously appointed Commander of the Legion of Merit by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Royal Aero Club
The Royal Aero Club (RAeC) is the national co-ordinating body for air sport in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1901 as the Aero Club of Great Britain, being granted the title of the "Royal Aero Club" in 1910.
Amaná National Forest
Amaná National Forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional do Amaná) is a national forest in the state of Pará, Brazil. Most of it has been allocated for use in sustainable forestry or community forestry. Mining is allowed.

National forest (Brazil)
A national forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional, FLONA) in Brazil is a type of sustainable use protected area.
The primary purpose is sustainable exploitation of the forest, subject to various limits.
These include a requirement to preserve at least 50% of the original forest, to preserve forest along watercourses and on steep slopes, and so on.
More than 10% of the Amazon rainforest is protected by national forests or other types of conservation unit.
Nina Ukru
Nina Ukru (Quechua nina fire, ukru hole, pit, hollow, "fire hollow", Hispanicized spelling Ninaucro) is a mountain in the Paryaqaqa or Waruchiri mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,400 metres (17,717 ft) high. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Quinti District. Nina Ukru lies southwest of Qullqip'ukru and west of Paryaqaqa.

Pariacaca mountain range
The Pariacaca mountain range (possibly from Quechua parya reddish, sparrow, qaqa rock, Paryaqaqa or Parya Qaqa, a regional deity, a mountain god (apu)), also called Huarochirí mountain range  lies in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, in the provinces of Jauja and Yauli, and in the Lima Region, in the provinces of Huarochirí and Yauyos. It is part of the Cordillera Central of Peru.
Leiocritus
Leiocritus (Ancient Greek: Λειώκριτος) or Leocritus (Λεώκριτός) was the name of three characters in Greek mythology:

Leocritus, the Trojan son of Polydamas. He participated in the Trojan War and was killed by Odysseus.

Leiocritus, son of Arisbas and an Achaean warrior who was killed by Aeneas during the siege of Troy.

Leiocritus, son of the Evenor and one of the Suitors of Penelope who came from Zacynthus along with other 43 wooers. He was slain by Telemachus.

Telemachus
Telemachus (/təˈlɛməkəs/ ⓘ tə-LEM-ə-kəs; Ancient Greek: Τηλέμαχος, romanized: Tēlemakhos, lit. 'far-fighter') is the son of Odysseus and Penelope in Greek mythology, and a central character in Homer's Odyssey. When Telemachus reached manhood, he visited Pylos and Sparta in search of his wandering father. On his return to Ithaca, he found that Odysseus had reached home before him. Then father and son slayed the suitors who had gathered around to woo Penelope. According to later tradition, Telemachus married Circe after Odysseus's death.

The first four books of the Odyssey focus on Telemachus's journeys in search of news about his father, who has yet to return home from the Trojan War, and are traditionally given the title Telemachy.
Downfield, Dundee
Downfield is a residential area located in the north of Dundee, Scotland, centred on the stretch of the Strathmartine Road between the Kingsway and the northern boundary of Dundee. The area is bordered by St Mary's and Ardler to the west, Kirkton to the east and Fairmuir to the south.

Downfield is sometimes considered to be part of the neighbouring areas, although Downfield is retained in the name of the local parish "Downfield South", and by the bus route which services the area. It also had a local railway station, Baldovan railway station, later known as Baldovan and Downfield railway station, on the former Dundee and Newtyle Railway.

St Marys, Dundee
St Mary's is in a residential area of Dundee, Scotland located in the extreme northwest of the city, to the north of Ardler and west of Kirkton. It is also bounded on the west by Downfield Golf Club, to the northwest by Clatto Country Park and to the north by Craigowl View.

The scheme was built on farmland during the late 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as part of the city's attempt to create new council housing for working-class Dundonians following the end of the Second World War.  All of the scheme's streets, bar two on the periphery (listed below) begin with the prefix 'St'.

The area suffers from the same social and economic problem that plague some of the other housing schemes of Dundee, however the improvement of housing standards and the demolition of tower blocks in the Ardler/St Mary's region has improved the area.
Tyria (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Tyria (Ancient Greek: Τυρίας) was one of the various consorts of Aegyptus, king of Egypt. By the latter, she became the mother to three princes: Clitus, Chrysippus and Sthenelus. Her sons were wed and slain by their cousin-wives, daughters of King Danaus of Libya and Memphis during their wedding night. Tyria was probably a Phoenician woman as her name suggests.

According to Hippostratus, Aegyptus had his progeny by a single woman called Eurryroe, daughter of the river-god Nilus. In some accounts, he consorted with Isaie, daughter of his uncle Agenor, king of Tyre.

Agenor
Agenor (Ancient Greek: Ἀγήνωρ, romanized: Agēnor, lit. 'heroic, manly') was in Greek mythology and history a Phoenician king of Tyre or Sidon. The Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484–425 BC), born in the city of Halicarnassus under the Achaemenid Empire, estimated that Agenor lived either 1000 or 1600 years prior to his visit to Tyre in 450 BC at the end of the Greco-Persian Wars (499–449 BC). He was said to have reigned in that city for 63 years.
Illinois Route 40
Illinois Route 40 (IL 40) is a 112.05-mile-long (180.33 km) north–south route in central portion of the U.S. state of Illinois. It runs from Interstate 74 (I-74) in East Peoria north to IL 78 at Mt. Carroll, just south of U.S. Route 52 (US 52) and IL 64.

U.S. Route 52 in Illinois
U.S. Route 52 (US 52) in the state of Illinois is a surface road that traverses the north central and eastern portions of the state. It runs from the Dale Gardner Veterans Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River between Sabula, Iowa, and Savanna with Illinois Route 64 (IL 64) southeast to the Indiana state line near Sheldon with US 24. This is a distance of 215.78 miles (347.26 km).
KQNU
KQNU (102.3 FM, "Q102") is a radio station broadcasting a hot adult contemporary format. The station is licensed to Onawa, Iowa, and serves Sioux City, Iowa. It broadcasts from a tower east of Walthill, Nebraska, on the Omaha Indian Reservation. KQNU is owned by Powell Broadcasting. The station had had the KZSR calls and previously been known as "Bob FM" until the name changed to Jack FM in September 2008.

On September 24, 2009, KZSR flipped to a modern AC format branded as "New 102.3" with the KQNU calls. The station has been known as “Q102” since August 31, 2012.

Onawa, Iowa
Onawa is a city in and the county seat of Monona County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,906 at the time of the 2020 Census. It is the largest town on the Iowa side of the Missouri River between Council Bluffs and Sioux City.
Battle of the Yalu River (1894)
The Battle of the Yalu River (simplified Chinese: 黄海海战; traditional Chinese: 黃海海戰; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi Hǎizhàn; Japanese: 黄海海戦, romanized: Kōkai-kaisen; lit. 'Naval Battle of the Yellow Sea') was the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War, and took place on 17 September 1894, the day after the Japanese victory at the land Battle of Pyongyang. The Imperial Japanese Navy defeated the Chinese Beiyang Fleet.

The battle is also known by a variety of other names: Battle of Haiyang Island, Battle of Dadonggou, Battle of the Yellow Sea and Battle of Yalu, after the location of the battle, which was in the Yellow Sea off the mouth of the Yalu River, not in the river itself. There is no agreement among contemporary sources on the exact numbers and composition of each fleet, but they were of a similar size, and the battle is considered to be one of the Imperial Japanese Navy's greatest victories.

Mark Peattie
Mark R. Peattie (May 3, 1930 – January 22, 2014) was an American academic and Japanologist, renowned for his expertise in modern Japanese military, naval, and imperial history. Born in Nice, France, and later residing in San Rafael, California, Peattie made significant contributions to the study of Japan's wartime history. Throughout his career, he published extensively on the subject and was a respected figure in the field of Japanese studies.
North White Carniolan dialect
The North White Carniolan dialect (Slovene: severnobelokranjsko narečje [sɛvɛɾnɔbɛlɔˈkɾàːnskɔ naˈɾéːt͡ʃjɛ], Serbo-Croatian: sjevernobelokrajinsko narječje) is a Slovene dialect spoken in White Carniola north of Dobliče and Griblje. The dialect was partially influenced by immigrants of Serbo-Croatian origin that moved to this area in the 15th and 16th centuries. The dialect borders the Lower Carniolan dialect to the north, Mixed Kočevje subdialects to the west, and South White Carniolan dialect to the south, as well as Prigorje and Goran Kajkavian to the east and Eastern Herzegovinian Shtokavian to the northeast. The dialect belongs to the Lower Carniolan dialect group, and it evolved from Lower Carniolan dialect base.

Tine Logar
Valentin "Tine" Logar (11 February 1916 – December 25, 2002) was a Slovenian historical linguist, dialectologist, and university professor. He was best known for his works on Slovene dialects, published in Slovenska narečja (Slovenian Dialects, 1975) and  Karta slovenskih narečij (Map of Slovenian Dialects, 1983).

He was born in the town of Horjul northwest of Ljubljana and started his scholarly career researching the dialect of his native area. He graduated from the University of Ljubljana in 1940. From 1947 to 1958 he worked at the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, with a hiatus from 1949 to 1950. This interruption occurred at the onset of the Informbiro period, when he was arrested and interned as a political prisoner by the Communist regime in the Goli Otok concentration camp and then served penal labor in the mines of Bosnia.

He died in Ljubljana.
2019 Leitrim County Council election
An election to all 18 seats on Leitrim County Council was held on 24 May 2019 as part of the 2019 Irish local elections. County Leitrim was divided into 3 local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

2019 Irish local elections
The 2019 Irish local elections were held in all local authorities in Ireland on Friday, 24 May 2019, on the same day as the 2019 European Parliament election and a referendum easing restrictions on divorce. Each local government area is divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) where three to seven councillors are elected on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
Internet safety
Internet safety, also known as online safety, cyber safety, and e-safety, refers to policies, practices and processes that reduce harms to people that are enabled by the misuse of the Internet. This misuse is due to the ease of which information is documented and spread online. Private information may be put at risk if safety measures are not properly put in place. Harm can also be done through uploaded media, which may contain inappropriate content or targeted attacks. Governments, and organizations have expressed concerns about the safety of children, teenagers and the elderly using the Internet. Many businesses and organizations have been faced with cybercrime and cyberattacks, including Internet fraud, which have resulted in negative impacts including to finances, customer security, and client trust. Internet security measures and trust and safety teams are part of efforts to improve Internet safety.

Sexual grooming
Sexual grooming is the action or behavior used to establish an emotional connection with a vulnerable person under the age of consent – and sometimes the victim's family, to lower their inhibitions with the objective of sexual abuse. It can occur in various settings, including online, in person, and through other means of communication. Children who are groomed may experience mental health issues, including "anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal thoughts".
Svetozar Boroević
Svetozar Boroević von Bojna (or Borojević) (13 December 1856 – 23 May 1920) was an Austro-Hungarian field marshal who was described as one of the finest defensive strategists of the First World War. He commanded Austro-Hungarian forces in the Isonzo front, for which he was nicknamed the "Lion of Isonzo".

For his service during the First World War, Boroević rose to the rank of  Feldmarschall before the end of the war in 1918, becoming the first and only Austro-Hungarian field marshal of South Slavic descent.

Royal Croatian Home Guard
The Royal Croatian Home Guard (Croatian: Kraljevsko hrvatsko domobranstvo, Hrvatsko-slavonsko domobranstvo or Kraljevsko hrvatsko-ugarsko domobranstvo, often  simply Domobranstvo or Domobran in singular, in German: Croatisch-Slawonische Landwehr) was the Croatian-Slavonian army section of the Royal Hungarian Landwehr (Hungarian: Magyar Királyi Honvédség), which existed from 1868 to 1918. The force was created by decree of the Croatian Parliament on December 5, 1868, as a result of the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement.

The settlement specified four conditions:

Croats would serve their military service within Croatia

Military training would be conducted in Croatian

Cadet and Domobran academies would be formed

Croatian military units could take on Croatian names
339th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 339th Rifle Division was first formed in late August, 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Rostov-on-Don. As it was formed in part from reservists and cadre that included members of the Communist Party from that city, it carried the honorific title "Rostov" for the duration. In late November it was part of the force that counterattacked the German 1st Panzer Army in the Battle of Rostov and forced its retreat from the city, one of the first major setbacks for the invaders. During 1942 the division was forced to retreat into the Caucasus, where it fought to defend the passes leading to the Black Sea ports. In 1943 it fought to liberate the Taman Peninsula, and then in early 1944 to also liberate Crimea. In the following months the division was reassigned to the 1st Belorussian Front, with which it took part in the Battle of Berlin in 1945. Following a distinguished career, the division was disbanded in the summer of that year.

1st Panzer Army
The 1st Panzer Army (German: 1. Panzerarmee) was a German tank army that was a large armoured formation of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

When originally formed on 1 March 1940, the predecessor of the 1st Panzer Army was named Panzer Group Kleist (Panzergruppe Kleist) with Colonel General Ewald von Kleist in command.