hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.

Measurable function
In mathematics, and in particular measure theory, a measurable function is a function between the underlying sets of two measurable spaces that preserves the structure of the spaces: the preimage of any measurable set is measurable. This is in direct analogy to the definition that a continuous function between topological spaces preserves the topological structure: the preimage of any open set is open. In real analysis, measurable functions are used in the definition of the Lebesgue integral. In probability theory, a measurable function on a probability space is known as a random variable.
Strtenik
Strtenik (pronounced [stəɾtɛˈniːk]) is a small settlement in the hills north of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire Municipality of Slovenske Konjice is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Slovenske Konjice
Slovenske Konjice (pronounced [slɔˈʋèːnskɛ kɔˈnjìːtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Gonobitz, in older sources also Gannobitz) is a town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria.
Murder of Robert Hillsborough
On June 22, 1977, Robert Hillsborough, a 33-year-old American gay man, was murdered in San Francisco by John Cordova, a 19-year-old from Daly City. Cordova and three other young men followed Hillsborough to his apartment in the Mission and stabbed him fifteen times in the face and chest.

Cordova was convicted of second-degree murder and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Though Hillsborough was the nineteenth gay man to be murdered in the United States in 1977, it was his death which galvanized political mobilization amongst the LGBT community to fight for human rights. His family unsuccessfully sued anti-gay activist Anita Bryant for inciting violence against gay people.

Daly City, California
Daly City (/ˈdeɪli/) is the second-most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its northern border with almost all of San Francisco's southern border), it is named for businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.  Its population was 104,901 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of Daly City was 57.3% Asian, 11.7% non-Hispanic White, and 23.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race in the 2020 census. Notably, 33.2% of the population of Daly City is Filipino.
Fairfield-Liverpool Grade Cricket Club
Fairfield-Liverpool Grade Cricket Club is a cricket club based in Fairfield, New South Wales and  Liverpool, New South Wales Australia. Their nickname is the Lions. Their most notable former players are former Australian bowler Doug Bollinger and former NSW players Grant Lambert and Ben Rohrer. Pat Richards, a rugby league footballer for Parramatta Eels, Wests Tigers and Wigan Warriors is also a former player.

Liverpool, New South Wales
Liverpool is a suburb in South Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district on the western bank of the Georges River. Liverpool is the administrative centre for the City of Liverpool local government area.
14th Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Fourteenth Odisha Legislative Assembly (also Orissa Legislative Assembly until 2011) was convened on after 2009 Orissa Legislative Assembly election. Biju Janata Dal led by Naveen Patnaik formed government for a record 3rd time.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Operation Hell Gate
Operation Hell Gate is the first of the 24: Declassified novels based on the FOX television series 24. It was written by Marc Cerasini and takes place before season 1, and Jack Bauer's story is set in New York City. Co-authors for the novel are Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran.

24 season 1
The first season of the American drama television series 24, also known as Day 1, was first broadcast from November 6, 2001, to May 21, 2002, on Fox. The season's storyline starts at midnight and ends at the following midnight on the day of the California presidential primary.
K2-72
K2-72 (also designated EPIC 206209135) is a cool red dwarf star of spectral class M2V located about 217 light-years (67 parsecs) away from the Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. It is known to host four planets, all similar in size to Earth, with one of them residing within the habitable zone.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
MapleMusic Recordings
Cadence Recordings, formerly MapleMusic Recordings, is a Canadian independent record label founded by Andy Maize, Jeff Maize, Mike Alkier, Evan Hu, Lorique Mindel and Grant Dexter in 1999 and based in Toronto, Ontario. Other investors include Gary Slaight, Michael Burke and Universal Music. In 2016, its parent company Maple Core changed its name to Cadence Music Group, and as a result, MapleMusic was renamed as Cadence Recordings.

The Bronx (band)
The Bronx is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California, originally formed in 2002. The band's current lineup consists of vocalist Matt Caughthran, guitarists Joby J. Ford and Ken Horne, bass guitarist Brad Magers, and drummer Joey Castillo. The band has released six studio albums, as well as four additional albums of mariachi music under the moniker of Mariachi El Bronx.
Nun's Well, Gibraltar
Nun's Well is an ancient underground water reservoir in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located at Europa Point, and is thought to be of the Moorish period. It represents some of the earliest evidence of an artificial water supply in Gibraltar. The name of the cistern is thought to be derived from the nuns associated with the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe. In the eighteenth century, Nun's Well supplied the military with water. In the early nineteenth century, it provided water for the brewery that was built next door. In 1988, the Royal Engineers constructed what is now the main building, which has a castle-like appearance. Nun's Well became the focus of controversy during the 2010–2011 restoration of the site.

Cistern
A cistern (from Middle English  cisterne; from Latin  cisterna, from  cista 'box'; from Ancient Greek  κίστη (kístē) 'basket') is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. To prevent leakage, the interior of the cistern is often lined with hydraulic plaster.

Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few liters to thousands of cubic meters, effectively forming covered reservoirs.
Bethel, New Brunswick
Bethel is an unincorporated community in Saint Patrick Parish, Charlotte County, in southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. The community lies approximately 4.3 km (2.7 mi) east-southeast of Digdeguash.

Bethel is known locally for Ossie’s Seafood Take-Out.

Digdeguash, New Brunswick
Digdeguash is an unincorporated community in Saint Patrick Parish, Charlotte County, in southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. The community is located near the mouth of the Digdeguash River and lies approximately 2.3 km (1.4 mi) northeast of Bocabec.
Jacob Bethell
Jacob Graham Bethell (born 23 October 2003) is an English cricketer who plays for the England cricket team. He made his international debut in September 2024 against Australia at the Rose Bowl, Southampton. In domestic cricket, Bethell represents Warwickshire. He became England's youngest ever captain when he was appointed to lead the Twenty20 International side against Ireland in September 2025.

Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)
The Cardiff Wales Stadium, which is part of Sophia Gardens Cardiff (/səˈfaɪə/ suh-FY-uh; Welsh: Gerddi Soffia Caerdydd), is a cricket stadium in Cardiff, Wales. It is located in Sophia Gardens on the River Taff. It is home to Glamorgan County Cricket Club and is listed as an international Test cricket venue.
William P. Lord High School
William P. Lord High School is a public high school in Woodburn, Oregon, United States. It is named after William Paine Lord, the Governor of Oregon from 1895 to 1899. It is located at the MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility, and operates a vocational tech program.

Woodburn, Oregon
Woodburn is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. Incorporated in 1889, the community had been platted in 1871 after the arrival of the railroad. The city is located in the northern end of the Willamette Valley between Portland and Salem. Interstate 5 connects it to major cities to the north and south. Oregon routes 211, 214, 219, and 99E also serve the city, as do Union Pacific and Willamette Valley Railway freight rail lines.

The population was 26,013 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 30,449 in 2024, Woodburn is part of the Salem metropolitan area. It is the third-most populous in that metropolitan area after Salem and Keizer.
Damiano Borean
Damiano Borean (born 12 January 1997) is an Italian rugby union player. His usual position is as a Prop and he currently plays for Mogliano Veneto in Serie A Elite.

Under contract with Top12 Petrarca Padova, for 2019–20 Pro14 season, he named like Additional Player for Benetton.
He played with Petrarca Padova until summer 2024.

After playing for Italy Under 20 in 2016, in 2018 and 2021 Borean was named in the Emerging Italy squad for the World Rugby Nations Cup and for 2021 end-of-year rugby union internationals. On 14 October 2021, he was selected by Alessandro Troncon to be part of an Italy A 28-man squad for the 2021 end-of-year rugby union internationals.

Petrarca Rugby
Petrarca Rugby is a professional rugby union club from Padua, Italy, currently competing in the top tier of the Italian rugby union, the Serie A  Elite.

Founded in 1947, the team is the rugby union branch of the Unione Sportiva Petrarca, an omnisport club that includes also basketball, futsal, volleyball, fencing and football.

They have won 15 league titles, 11 of them between 1969–70 and 1986–87 seasons; their most recent successes in the Italian championship came 24 years after their latest feat, at the end of the 2010–11 season, and in recent years appearing in four straight finals 3 against rugby delta Rovigo (2020-21,2021-22,2022-23)and 1 against rugby viadana (2023-24) and winning two (2021-22 and 2023-24).

Petrarca is the tied 2nd most successful side in the Italian championship with Benetton rugby (15 time champions) and behind amatori rugby Milano (18 time champions)
Hüseyin Yıldırım
Hüseyin Yıldırım (born March 10, 1928) is a Turkish-American auto mechanic who was sentenced to life imprisonment in the United States for his courier role in the espionage activities of U.S. serviceman James Hall III during the Cold War era. Yıldırım was later pardoned and extradited to his homeland, where he was sentenced to 17 years in prison but served only one day.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
Francia (river)
The Francia (Spanish: río Francia) is a 25 km long tributary of the Alagón, a right-hand tributary of the Tagus. Its source is at 1,350 m in the Valle de Lera (Sierra de Francia). It flows into the Alagón at a height of 420 m.

The importance of this river lies in the fact that it gives its name to the Sierra de Francia, south of Salamanca. Part of its course falls within the Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia Natural Park protected area.

Tagus
The Tagus (/ˈteɪɡəs/ TAY-gəs; Spanish: Tajo [ˈtaxo] ⓘ; Portuguese: Tejo [ˈtɛʒu]) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows 1,007 km (626 mi), generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon.
Camino Norte Conference
The Camino Norte Conference was a junior college athletic conference with member schools located in the San Francisco Bay Area. The conference was formed in 1968 with eight initial members, two of which were newly established schools: Cañada College and Skyline College. De Anza College, Solano Community College, and West Valley College joined from the Coast Conference. The College of Marin and Santa Rosa Junior College moved in from the Golden Valley Conference, and Contra Costa College was formerly a member of the Golden Gate Conference. The conference was disbanded after the 1993–94 athletic year.

Cañada College
Cañada College is a public community college in Redwood City, California. It is located on 131 acres (53 hectares) in the western part of Redwood City. The college offers 80 A.A./A.S. degree programs and 48 certificate programs.
Corner Game
The Corner Game (Korean: 구석놀이), also known as Square (Japanese: スクエア, Hepburn: Sukuea) or Four Corners Game (simplified Chinese: 四角游戏; traditional Chinese: 四角遊戲), is an urban legend game circulated in East Asia. The game requires four players and can allegedly summon a supernatural entity.

Urban legend
Urban legend (sometimes modern legend, urban myth, or simply legend) is a genre of folklore concerning stories about an unusual (usually scary) or humorous event that many people believe to be true but largely are not.

These legends can be entertaining but often concern mysterious and troubling events, such as disappearances and strange objects or entities. Urban legends may confirm moral standards, reflect prejudices, or be a way to make sense of societal anxieties.

In the past, urban legends were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile news apps, e-mail, and most often, social media.  Some urban legends have passed through the years/decades with only minor changes, in where the time period takes place. Generic urban legends are often altered to suit regional variations, but the lesson or moral generally remains the same.
George Elder (British Army officer)
Major General Sir George Elder KCB  (died 3 December 1836) was a British Army officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars,  in the South American Expedition (1806–1807) and  the Peninsular War. He was killed in an accident in Madras when he was thrown from his horse.

Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
The Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro was a military engagement that took place from 3–5 May 1811 during the Peninsular War. An Anglo-Portuguese Army under Wellington checked an attempt by the French Army of Portugal under Marshal André Masséna to relieve the besieged city of Almeida. The French defeat at Fuentes de Oñoro, in addition to the steadfastness of the allies and the formidable high ground and fortified position held by Wellesley, was further facilitated by the poor cooperation between Masséna and his subordinates. As Wellington stated, if Napoleon had been at Fuentes, "we should have been beat."
Keheewin, Edmonton
Keheewin is a residential neighbourhood located in southwest Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  The name means "eagle" in the Cree language.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the west by 111 Street, on the east by Calgary Trail/Gateway Boulevard, and on the north by 23 Avenue.  The south boundary is located approximately half a block south of 18 Avenue.  Calgary Trail provides access to destinations south of the city including the Edmonton International Airport.  Gateway Boulevard provides access to Old Strathcona, the University of Alberta, and the downtown core.

Old Strathcona
Old Strathcona is a historic district in south-central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Once the commercial core of the separate city of Strathcona, the area is now home to many of Edmonton's arts and entertainment facilities, as well as a local shopping hub for residents and students at the nearby University of Alberta.  The district centres on Whyte Avenue and has shops, restaurants, bars and buskers.
Arzugitana
Arzugitana was a region of North Africa during antiquity.

Arzugitana was on the interior plateau of what is today southern Tunisia and which abuts the Sahara Desert roughly equivalent to the Tataouine Governorate of modern Tunisia. During antiquity this was an isolated and strategically important area being part of the interface with the barbarian world and the Roman Empire, It had an essentially military organization along the Limes Tripolitanus of the Roman Empire. The area was semi-arid, and to the south was the sands of the edge of the Sahara Desert.

The region stretched from Nepte to Garama. It also encompassed some oases, such as the Oasis of Nefzaoua and Djerid bordering the Chott el-Djrid.

Limes Tripolitanus
The Limes Tripolitanus was a frontier zone of defence of the Roman Empire, built in the south of what is now Tunisia and the northwest of Libya. It was primarily intended as a protection for the tripolitanian cities of Leptis Magna, Sabratha and Oea in Roman Libya.
Haridwar–Amritsar Jan Shatabdi Express
The 12054 / 12053 Amritsar–Haridwar Jan Shatabdi Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Northern Railway zone that runs between Amritsar Junction and Haridwar Junction in India, serving the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand.

It operates as train number 12054 from Amritsar Junction to Haridwar Junction and as train number 12053 in the reverse direction.

For 3 days a week, the slip coaches of 12057/58 Una Jan Shatabdi Express are attached / detached to the train at Ambala Cantonment Junction.

Amritsar Junction railway station
Amritsar Central Railway Station (station code: ASR) is a railway located in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Amritsar. It is the largest and busiest railway station of Punjab.
Miranda Fricker
Miranda Fricker FBA FAAS (born 12 March 1966) is a British philosopher who is a Silver Professor of Philosophy at New York University, co-director of the New York Institute of Philosophy, and honorary professor at the University of Sheffield. Fricker coined the term epistemic injustice.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
8th Filmfare Awards Bangla
The 8th Filmfare Awards Bangla is an award ceremony, presented by The Times Group, which honoured the best Indian Bengali-language films of 2024.

Bohurupi, directed by the duo Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee, led the ceremony with a leading sixteen nominations, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor (for Shiboprosad Mukherjee), Best Actress (for Koushani Mukherjee) and Best Supporting Actress (for Ritabhari Chakraborty), ultimately emerging as the most awarded film with seven wins. It was followed by Chaalchitro: The Frame Fatale and Padatik, with both receiving fourteen nominations each.

Subhashree Ganguly received her second Best Actress award for Babli, besides receiving two additional nominations for Best Actress (Critics) and Best Supporting Actress. The ceremony was aired on 30 March 2025 on Zee Bangla.

Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor
The Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor is an award in India, which is presented annually at the Filmfare Awards Bangla to an actor based on a jury decision; it is given by Filmfare for Bengali films.
Kuyayky
Kuyayky is one of the most popular and newly influential bands in Andean music. The band has contributed to the prominence and revival of huayno music from central Peru. One of the few Andean music bands with a majority of female members. The band now resides in the United States and gained a following from world music fans for its traditional yet innovative style of Peruvian Music.

Kuyayky has struck a chord by rearranging and researching dozens of musical pieces from the precolonial and colonial periods in Latin America, but have retained a clear emphasis on the music of central Peru. They are part of the Xauxa  ayllu of the Bonilla family.

Andean music
Andean music is a group of styles of music from the Andes region in South America.

Original chants and melodies come from the general area inhabited by Quechuas (originally from Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile), Aymaras (originally from Bolivia), and other peoples who lived roughly in the area of the  Inca Empire prior to European contact. This early music then was fused with music elements. It includes folklore music of parts of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Andean music is popular to different degrees across South America, having its core public in rural areas and among indigenous populations. The Nueva Canción movement of the 1970s revived the genre across South America and brought it to places where it was unknown or forgotten.