hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Potápky
Potápky (males, "The Grebes") and bedly (females, "The Parasol Mushrooms") were a Czech urban youth subculture primarily defined by the interest in American culture, primarily in swing music. It corresponded to the subcultures of Swingjugend (literally "Swing Youth", commonly translated as "Swing Kids") in Nazi Germany and zazou in France at the same time period.

Potápky were distinguished by their eccentric fashion ("zoot suit", deformed hat, colored socks), long hair, body postures, and slang.

As with many youth subcultures it was characterized by the rebellion against the older generation, and during the Nazi occupation (Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia), by rebellion against the Nazis.

Swing music
Swing music is a style of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It became nationally popular from the mid-1930s. Swing represents the most famous era of jazz as a genre of entertainment, before the emergence of modern jazz. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Fletcher Henderson and Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, known as the swing era, when people were dancing the Lindy Hop. The verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Big band leaders of the swing era include Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Benny Carter, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Bunny Berigan, Harry James, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw.
Norifumi Abe
Norifumi "Norick" Abe (阿部典史, Abe Norifumi; September 7, 1975 – October 7, 2007), or Norick Abe (ノリック・アベ) was a Japanese professional motorcycle road racer. He competed in the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championships from 1994 to 2004. Abe died in a road traffic crash in October 2007.

2004 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 2004 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 56th F.I.M. Road racing World Championship season. The season consisted of 16 races, beginning with the South African motorcycle Grand Prix on 18 April 2004 and ending with the Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix on 31 October.
Ron Foubister
Ronald Gordon Foubister (4 January 1912 – 22 May 1954) was a former New Zealand road cyclist from Auckland.

In the 1932 Olympics he competed in the Road Race, coming 23rd (in 2 h 38 min 42.4 s) in a 68-strong field. He had expected to ride a straight-out road race, but found that time trial conditions were observed. He was 10 minutes behind the winner Attilio Pavesi of Italy. He was the first New Zealand cyclist to compete at the Olympics.

He set a one-hour record at the Western Springs Stadium of 24 miles and 1282 yards on 29 January 1931, and later in the year set a record for the Palmerston North to Wellington event of 4 hours 39 minutes and 39 seconds; more than 10 minutes off Frank Grose's record. His competitive career ended shortly before World War II.

Attilio Pavesi
Attilio Pavesi (1 October 1910 – 2 August 2011) was an Italian cyclist who won the individual and team road races at the 1932 Summer Olympics. The same year he placed second in the Giro di Sicilia, and in 1933–35 rode as professional, but with no success.

Pavesi was the 11th child in an affluent family in Caorso, Emilia-Romagna. At the beginning of World War II he immigrated to San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he continued racing, ran his bike shop, and organized cycling races. He died at the age of 100 in a retirement home in Buenos Aires. At the time of his death he was thought to be the oldest surviving Olympic champion and one of the oldest living Olympic competitors.
Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches
This page redirects to all the tours and matches of the Pakistan national field hockey team. These pages include all the official tour matches, competitions and unofficial matches that were sanctioned by the Pakistan Hockey Federation.

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2025–2029)

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2020–2024)

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2015–2019)

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2010–2014)

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2005–2009)

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2000–2004)

Pakistan national field hockey team results (1990–1999)

Pakistan national field hockey team results (1980–1989)

Pakistan national field hockey team results (1970–1979)

Pakistan national field hockey team results (1960–1969)

Pakistan national field hockey team results (1948–1959)

Pakistan national field hockey team tours and matches (2025–2029)
This page lists all the tours, and matches played by Pakistan national field hockey team from 2025 to 2029. During this period Pakistan's most successful tournament was the Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup (Runners-up: 2025).
25th Arizona Territorial Legislature
The 25th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was the final session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature.  The session convened in Phoenix, Arizona, and ran from January 18 till March 18, 1909.  Its actions include the creation of Greenlee County, establishing the Arizona Pioneers' Home, and requiring primary elections.

Richard Elihu Sloan
Richard Elihu Sloan (June 22, 1857 – December 13, 1933) was an American jurist and politician, who served as associate justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona and as the 17th and final Governor of Arizona Territory. As an Associate Justice he served for 16 years, the longest service of any member of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, and wrote over 150 legal opinions. As Governor he oversaw Arizona's transition from territory to statehood.
Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States
The Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, formally the Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America, was an agreement among all seven original states in the Confederate States of America that served as its first constitution. Its drafting by a committee of twelve appointed by the Provisional Congress began on February 5, 1861. The Provisional Constitution was formally adopted on February 8. Government under this constitution was superseded by the new Constitution of the Confederate States with a permanent form of government "organized on the principles of the United States" on February 22, 1862.

Duncan F. Kenner
Duncan Farrar Kenner (February 11, 1813 – July 3, 1887) was an American politician who served as a Deputy from Louisiana to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862. In 1864, he served as the chief diplomat from the Confederate States of America to Europe.
Andrew O'Hagan
Andrew O'Hagan (born 1968) is a Scottish novelist and non-fiction author. Three of his novels have been nominated for the Booker Prize and he has won several awards, including the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.

His most recent novel as of 2024 is Caledonian Road (2024) published by Faber & Faber. His previous novel Mayflies (2020) won the Christopher Isherwood Prize, and was adapted into a two-part BBC television drama of the same name. O'Hagan was executive producer of the TV adaptation.

Canongate Books
Canongate Books (trading as Canongate) is an independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

It is named after the Canongate area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prize winning novel Life of Pi (2001). Canongate was named the British Book Awards Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009.
Reichskommissariat Norwegen
The Reichskommissariat Norwegen was the occupation regime set up by Nazi Germany in German-occupied Norway during World War II. Its full title in German was the Reichskommissariat für die besetzten norwegischen Gebiete ("Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Norwegian Territories"). It was governed by Reichskommissar Josef Terboven until his deposition on 7 May 1945. The German military forces in Norway, then under the command of general Franz Böhme, surrendered to the Allies on May 8th and the legal government was restored.

Reichskommissar
Reichskommissar (German: [ˈʁaɪçskɔmɪsaːɐ̯], rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.
Hassane Azzoun
Hassane Azzoun (Arabic: حسان عزوننير بن أمادي; born September 28, 1979) is an Algerian judoka, who played for the half-heavyweight category. He is a six-time medalist at the African Judo Championships, and also, a bronze medalist for his division at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers.

At age twenty-nine, Azzoun made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's half-heavyweight class (100 kg). He lost his first preliminary match by an ippon and a sode tsurikomi goshi (sleeve lifting and pulling hip throw) to Azerbaijan's Movlud Miraliyev. Because his opponent advanced further into the semi-finals, Azzoun offered another shot for the bronze medal by entering the repechage rounds. He was defeated in his first match by Georgia's Levan Zhorzholiani, who successfully scored an ippon and a kuzure kami shiho gatame (seven mat holds), at three minutes and fifty-four seconds.

Movlud Miraliyev
Movlud Miraliyev (born 27 February 1974 in Kitob, Qashqadaryo Province, Uzbekistan) is an Azerbaijani retired judoka of Turkish Meskhetian origin.

Miraliyev finished in joint fifth place in the half-heavyweight (100 kg) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics, having lost the bronze medal match to Michael Jurack of Germany, however, he defeated Olympic Champion and three-time World Champion Kosei Inoue ura nage in the 3-th match. 
He won the Bronze Medal match against Przemysław Matyjaszek of Poland at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Jamal Musiala
Jamal Musiala (born 26 February 2003) is a German professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the Germany national team. Widely regarded as one of the best attacking midfielders in the world, Musiala is known for his dribbling, passing, goal threat, and technical skills, and is nicknamed "Bambi" for his close-control dribbling.

Musiala has represented Germany at UEFA Euro 2020, the 2022 FIFA World Cup, and Euro 2024. He was the joint winner of Euro 2024's Golden Boot.

2023–24 Bundesliga
The 2023–24 Bundesliga was the 61st season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 18 August 2023 and concluded on 18 May 2024. The fixtures were announced on 30 June 2023.

On 14 April 2024, Bayer Leverkusen were crowned champions for the first time with five matches to spare following a 5–0 win over Werder Bremen, becoming the thirteenth different champion in Bundesliga history and ending previous holders Bayern Munich's run of eleven consecutive titles.

Bayer Leverkusen crushed the competition en route to becoming the first Bundesliga team to finish an entire season unbeaten, with a record of 28 wins and six draws.
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) is a centre-state joint venture that operates the Delhi Metro and Noida Metro. The DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail, and high-speed rail projects in India, and abroad. The work of the DMRC is fragmented into various parts which are controlled by directors under the direction of a managing director.

Jakarta MRT
The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Indonesian: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta) or Jakarta MRT (MRT Jakarta, stylized as mrt jakarta) is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia.

The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of Jakarta. Phase 1 of the project (Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI) was officially opened on 24 March 2019.
Brunswick Village
Brunswick Village is a village split between North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England. It is situated approximately 6 miles north of Newcastle upon Tyne, and borders Hazlerigg, Dinnington and Wideopen. It was formerly known as Dinnington Colliery.

North Tyneside
North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It forms part of the greater Tyneside conurbation. North Tyneside Council is headquartered at Cobalt Park, Wallsend.

North Tyneside is bordered by Newcastle upon Tyne to the west, the North Sea to the east, the River Tyne to the south and Northumberland to the north. Within its bounds are the towns of Wallsend, North Shields, Killingworth, Tynemouth and Whitley Bay, which form a continuously built-up area contiguous with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Stanford, Montana
Stanford is a town in and the county seat of Judith Basin County, Montana, United States. The population was at 403 as of the 2020 census.

Stanford was frequented by C.M. Russell and is featured in some of his landscape paintings.

U.S. Route 87 in Montana
U.S. Route 87 (US 87) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels Port Lavaca, Texas, north to Havre, Montana. In the state of Montana, It extends approximately 444 miles (715 km) from the Wyoming state line near Wyola north to its terminus at US 2 near Havre.
Sternbergia lutea
Sternbergia lutea, the winter daffodil, autumn daffodil, fall daffodil, lily-of-the-field, or yellow autumn crocus, is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, in the Narcisseae tribe, which is used as an ornamental plant. It has yellow flowers which appear in autumn.

The Latin specific epithet lutea means "yellow".

Narcisseae
Narcisseae is a small tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae), where it forms part of the Eurasian clade, and is one of three tribes in the European (Mediterranean) clade. It contains two genera (Narcissus and Sternbergia) and approximately 58 species, but probably also Lapiedra. The two genera are distinguished from each other by the presence of a paraperigonium in the former.
Wright Model L
The Wright Model L was a prototype high-speed reconnaissance aircraft built by the Wright Company in 1916 to meet a specification by the U.S. military. It bore no resemblance to previous Wright designs.  Already obsolete compared to European military aircraft of the time, it attracted no orders, and only the single prototype was built.

By the time it was brought to market, Orville Wright had already left the company. It would be the last aircraft built by the Wright Company before it merged with the Glenn L. Martin Company, and the last Wright aircraft built at Dayton.

Wright Company
The Wright Company was the commercial aviation business venture of the Wright brothers, established by them on November 22, 1909, in conjunction with several prominent industrialists from New York and Detroit with the intention of capitalizing on their invention of the practical airplane. The company maintained its headquarters office in New York City and built its factory in Dayton, Ohio.
Greg Haver
Greg Haver is a Welsh music producer, based in New Zealand. He is best known for his work with the Manic Street Preachers and Melanie C. He has worked on a number of award-winning singles and albums. With Manic Street Preachers, he was involved in production for numerous gold and platinum accredited albums. This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours, Send Away the Tigers and Know Your Enemy albums received gold accreditations in the UK. He also worked on Melanie C's album Beautiful Intentions.

Haver has also worked with a number of well-known New Zealand artists. He has produced songs for The Feelers, Opshop, Kimbra and Goodnight Nurse.

Nicky Wire
Nicholas Allen Jones (born 20 January 1969), known as Nicky Wire, is a Welsh musician, best known as lyricist, bassist and secondary vocalist of the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers.

Prior to the group, Wire studied politics at university: this would later influence his lyrical work. He was co-writer of the band's lyrics (alongside Richey Edwards) from 1989 to 1995, and has been the band's primary lyricist since 1995, following Edwards' disappearance. In addition to his work with Manic Street Preachers, Wire has released two solo albums, I Killed the Zeitgeist in 2006 and Intimism in 2023.
Co-op Food
Co-op is a UK supermarket chain and the brand used for the food retail business of The Co-operative Group, one of the world's largest consumer co-operatives. As the UK's seventh largest food retailer, Co-op operates nearly 2,400 food stores. It also supplies products to over 6,000 other stores, including those run by independent co-operative societies, through its wholesale business, Co-op Wholesale.

Co-op is a mutual and employs 56,000 people, with an annual turnover of more than £11 billion. The organisation is known for its involvement in social and community programmes.

Although Co-op formerly operated several larger supermarkets, the vast majority of their sites today are small or medium sized stores.

Hock burns
Hock burns are lesions found on the hock joints of chickens and other birds raised on broiler farms. They are considered a form of contact dermatitis. These marks occur when the ammonia from the waste of other birds burns through the skin of the leg, leaving a brown ulcer mark. The condition has been found to be a source of pain for birds, can cause mobility issues, and may increase the risk of bacterial diseases. In severe cases, hock burns can cause visible scabs to form.

Higher rates of hock burns are often used by observers as an indicator of what they see as worse animal welfare conditions. This is in part due to how they occur more often in overcrowded conditions and in birds genetically modified to grow fast. Although the meat is still safe to eat, many processors now remove these marks as they discourage customers.
Compatibility mode
A compatibility mode is a software mechanism in which a software either emulates an older version of software, or mimics another operating system in order to allow older or incompatible software or files to remain compatible with the computer's newer hardware or software. Examples of the software using the mode are operating systems and Internet Explorer.

Software incompatibility
Software incompatibility is a characteristic of software components or systems which cannot operate satisfactorily together on the same computer, or on different computers linked by a computer network. They may be components or systems which are intended to operate cooperatively or independently. Software compatibility is a characteristic of software components or systems which can operate satisfactorily together on the same computer, or on different computers linked by a computer network. It is possible that some software components or systems may be compatible in one environment and incompatible in another.
Christian countercult movement
The Christian countercult movement, or the Christian anti-cult movement, is a social movement among certain Protestant evangelical, fundamentalist, Christian ministries ("discernment ministries"), and individual activists who oppose religious sects that they consider cults.

Apologetics
Apologetics (from Ancient Greek  ἀπολογία (apología) 'speech in defense') is the religious discipline of  defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called Christian apologists. In 21st-century usage, apologetics is often identified with debates over religion and theology.
Charles Payson
Charles Payson (May 2, 1837 – July 11, 1913), of Massachusetts, was a United States diplomat.  He served as United States Third Assistant Secretary of State from June 22, 1878 to June 30, 1881.

Payson was born in Messina, Sicily on May 2, 1837.

In 1881, United States Secretary of State James G. Blaine removed Payson from office so that his son, Walker Blaine, could become Third Secretary.  At that time, Payson became U.S. Chargé d'Affaires to Denmark, holding that office from August 12, 1881 to February 23, 1882.

After the ending of Payson's diplomatic duties in 1882, the Paysons lived mainly in Europe.  Payson died at the Hôtel Bernascon in Aix-les-Bains, France on July 11, 1913.  His remains were transported to Vevey, Switzerland, where he was buried.

Payson's wife Fanny was the daughter of Governor of Wisconsin Cadwallader C. Washburn.

United States Assistant Secretary of State
Assistant Secretary of State (A/S) is a title used for many executive positions in the United States Department of State, ranking below the under secretaries. A set of six assistant secretaries reporting to the under secretary of state for political affairs manage diplomatic missions within their designated geographic regions, plus one assistant secretary dealing with international organizations and one equivalent as the coordinator/ambassador at large for counterterrorism. Assistant secretaries usually manage individual bureaus of the Department of State. When the manager of a bureau or another agency holds a title other than assistant secretary, such as "director," it can be said to be of "assistant secretary equivalent rank." Assistant secretaries typically have a set of deputies, referred to as deputy assistant secretaries (DAS).
Found poetry
Found poetry is a type of poetry created by taking words, phrases, and sometimes whole passages from other sources and reframing them (a literary equivalent of a collage) by making changes in spacing and lines, or by adding or deleting text, thus imparting new meaning.  The resulting poem can be defined as treated: changed in a profound and systematic manner; or untreated: virtually unchanged from the order, syntax and meaning of the poem.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Rory Markham
Rory Markham (born March 25, 1982) is an American professional mixed martial artist and actor who most recently acted alongside Will Smith playing Booker Grassie in the latest addition to the Bad Boys franchise Bad Boys for Life. Formerly, Rory competed in the Welterweight, Middleweight and Light Heavyweight Divisions. A professional competitor since 2003, Markham has formerly competed for the UFC and the IFL.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)