hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3169 Ostro
3169 Ostro, provisional designation 1981 LA, is a Hungaria family asteroid from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter.

The asteroid was discovered on 4 June 1981, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, and named after planetary scientist Steven J. Ostro at JPL.

Edward L. G. Bowell
Edward L. G. Bowell (1943 – August 21, 2023), was an American astronomer. Bowell was educated at Emanuel School London, University College, London, and the University of Paris.

He was principal investigator of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS). He has discovered a large number of asteroids, both as part of LONEOS and in his own right before LONEOS began. Among the latter are the Jovian asteroids 2357 Phereclos, 2759 Idomeneus, 2797 Teucer, 2920 Automedon, 3564 Talthybius, 4057 Demophon, and 4489 Dracius. He also co-discovered the periodic comet 140P/Bowell-Skiff and the non-periodic comet C/1980 E1.

The outer main-belt asteroid 2246 Bowell was named in his honor. The official naming citation was published on 1 January 1981 (M.P.C. 5688).

Bowell died on August 21, 2023 in Flagstaff, Arizona.
2010 Big 12 Conference baseball tournament
The 2010 Big 12 Conference baseball tournament is held at AT&T Bricktown Ballpark in Oklahoma City, OK from May 26 to May 30, 2010. This is the fifth year the conference uses the round robin tournament setup. The winners of each group at the end of the round robin face each other in a one-game match for the championship. The Texas A&M Aggies defeated the Baylor Bears 5–3 to win the championship.

2010 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 2010 NCAA Division I baseball tournament began on Friday, June 4, 2010, as part of the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season.  The 64-team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2010 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska. This was the final year at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium, the host venue since 1950.

The South Carolina Gamecocks won two elimination games against archrival Clemson in the College World Series semifinals, then defeated the UCLA Bruins in the second game of the finals on a walk-off single by Whit Merrifield to win the national championship. It was the school's first championship in baseball and second team championship overall.
Paranapiacaba Conservation Units Mosaic
The Paranapiacaba Conservation Units Mosaic (Portuguese: Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação do Paranapiacaba) is a protected area mosaic in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is administered by the state, and protects a large area of Atlantic Forest. It is associated with the Paranapiacaba Ecological Corridor of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve.

Protected area mosaic (Brazil)
A protected area mosaic (Portuguese: mosaico de áreas protegidas) or conservation unit mosaic (Portuguese: mosaico de unidades de conservação)  in Brazil is a mosaic of nearby, adjoining or overlapping protected areas of Brazil that are managed as a whole.
Cycling at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's road race
The men's road race competition of the cycling events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 22 at the Guadalajara Circuit in Guadalajara. The defending Pan American Games champion was Wendy Cruz of the Dominican Republic.

Cycling at the 2011 Pan American Games
Cycling competitions at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara was held from October 15 to October 22 at the Pan American Velodrome (Track), Guadalajara Circuit (Road), Pan American Mountain Bike Circuit in Tapalpa and CODE San Nicolás (BMX).
Vanderbilt University Law School
Vanderbilt University Law School (also known as Vanderbilt Law, or VLS) is the law school of Vanderbilt University. Established in 1874, it is one of the oldest law schools in the southern United States. Vanderbilt Law enrolls approximately 650 students, with each entering Juris Doctor class ranging from 150 to 175 students.

According to Vanderbilt Law School's 2024 ABA-required disclosures, 93.97% of the Class of 2024 obtained full-time, long-term, bar examination passage-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners. The dean of the law school is Chris Guthrie, who began his fourth five-year appointment as dean on July 1, 2024.

Law and economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics. One is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law. The second branch focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.
Fuenmayor
Fuenmayor is a town located in the province of La Rioja, Spain. It is located ten kilometers from Logroño, the capital of La Rioja.

The town borders the Ebro river, the Basque-Aragonese freeway and railroad Logroño-Vitoria. Several industries and important warehouses have benefited from this strategic situation, which has also bolstered a constant increase of the population. There are 3,159 inhabitants.INE

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
Camy Squadron
The Camy Squadron was a guerrilla column formed by fighters from the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (EPLA), the armed wing of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), in the struggle for Angola's independence.

The squad was especially known for containing five female guerrilla founders of the Organization of Angolan Women - Deolinda Rodrigues, Engrácia dos Santos, Irene Cohen, Lucrécia Paim, and Tereza Afonso - who were captured by the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), supported by the Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile (GRAE), on 2 March 1967, and subsequently murdered.

Organization of Angolan Women
The Organization of Angolan Women (Portuguese: Organização Mulher Angolana (OMA)) is a political organisation in Angola, which was founded in 1962 to target women to support the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola. It was co-founded by Deolinda Rodrigues Francisco de Almeida.
2011–12 Scottish League Championship
The 2011-12 Scottish League Championship (or 2012-13 RBS Scottish League Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 38th season of formal domestic rugby union leagues in Scotland. The season was contested between August 2011 and April 2012, with Melrose RFC winning their eighth Championship and Gala RFC winning the Cup.

Scottish League Championship
The Scottish League Championship is the domestic rugby union league system within Scotland. Operated by the Scottish Rugby Union, the championship was founded in 1973 as the first formalised national league system within any home nations country.

The new six division championship replaced the haphazard Scottish Unofficial Championship that had been in operation until that time. The new top division is the Scottish Premiership.

Traditionally the championship has been dominated by teams from the Borders region, the sport's hotbed of popularity in Scotland. This is illustrated by the most successful clubs in the championships history, with Hawick RFC possessing 13 titles and Melrose RFC currently holding eight titles.
Walter Noel
Walter Noel is a Canadian politician.  He was first elected to Newfoundland's House of Assembly as the Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) for Pleasantville in 1989, and re-elected in 1993. Noel was re-elected with the assistance of local Nfld Reform Party of Canada organizers. Noel also worked on the campaign to stop the Wells administration from privatizing Nfld & Lab Hydro. During this campaign, Noel worked again with local Reform Party of Canada organizers, also with St. John’s deputy mayor at the time, Andy Wells, former PC leader, Lynn Verge, former NDP leader, Jack Harris, members of the local Nfld Arts community such as, Greg Malone and Anita Best, former head of Nfld & Lab Hydro, Cyril Abery and Nfld historian, John Fitzgerald. He was elected to represent the new Virginia Waters district in 1996 and 1999. Noel attempted two political comebacks, running for the Liberal Party of Canada unsuccessfully in the 2004 and 2008 federal elections.

St. John's East (federal electoral district)
St. John's East (French: St. John's-Est; formerly known as St. John's North) is a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1949.

It covers a part of St. John's. For a brief period in 2003 and 2004, it was known as "St. John's North".

In the 2019 federal election, former NDP MP Jack Harris defeated incumbent MP Nick Whalen in a rematch of the 2015 election. Harris retired in 2021, and Liberal Joanne Thompson won the seat.
Protestantism in the Philippines
Protestant denominations arrived in the Philippines in 1898, after the United States took control of the Philippines from Spain, first with the United States Army chaplains and then within months civilian missionaries.

Protestants make up nearly 11% of the Filipino population. They include a wide variety of Pentecostal, Evangelical and independent churches. Some denominations were founded locally.

Nicolás Zamora
Nicolás Villegas Zamora (10 September 1875 – 14 September 1914) was a Methodist minister who is credited with the foundation of the first indigenous evangelical church in the Philippines, known as the Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas. Zamora is also recognized as the first native Filipino Protestant minister in the Philippines.
Hugh Shearer
Hugh Lawson Shearer ON OJ PC (18 May 1923 – 15 July 2004) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician, who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica, from 1967 to 1972. He was also Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade from 1980 to 1989, under Edward Seaga.

Order of Jamaica
The Order of Jamaica is the fifth of the six orders in the Jamaican honours system. The Order was established in 1969, and it is considered the equivalent of a knighthood in the British honours system.

Membership in the Order can be conferred upon any Jamaican citizen of outstanding distinction. Honorary membership in the Order can be conferred upon any distinguished citizen of a country other than Jamaica.

Members and Honorary Members are entitled to:

wear the insignia of the Order as a decoration,

be styled "The Honourable",

use the post-nominal letters "OJ" (for Members) or "OJ (Hon.)" (for Honorary Members).

The motto of the Order is "For a covenant of the people".
Beer cocktail
A beer cocktail is a cocktail that is made by mixing beer with other ingredients (such as a distilled beverage) or another style of beer. 
In this type of cocktail, the primary ingredient is usually beer.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
Taurine—pyruvate aminotransferase
In enzymology, a taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction.

taurine + pyruvate  L-alanine + 2-sulfoacetaldehyde

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are taurine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are L-alanine and 2-sulfoacetaldehyde.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is taurine:pyruvate aminotransferase. This enzyme is also called Tpa.  This enzyme participates in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
Lents, Portland, Oregon
The Lents neighborhood in the Southeast section of Portland, Oregon is bordered by SE Powell Blvd. on the north, the Clackamas County line or City of Portland line on the south (whichever is farther south), SE 82nd Ave. to the west, and roughly SE 112th on the east.  The NE corner overlaps with the Powellhurst-Gilbert neighborhood.  In addition to Powellhurst-Gilbert on the north and east, Lents also borders Foster-Powell, Mt. Scott-Arleta, and Brentwood-Darlington on the west and Pleasant Valley on the east.

The neighborhood is one of the larger in the city at 3.75 square miles (9.7 km2) and one of its oldest. Since the late 20th century, it has become more diverse, the home of many Asian, Russian/Eastern European, and Latino immigrants.

Lents is six miles (10 km) southeast of downtown Portland and lies within the 97266 ZIP code.

Springwater Corridor
The Springwater Corridor Trail is a bicycle and pedestrian rail trail in the Portland metropolitan area in Oregon, United States. It follows a former railway line from Boring through Gresham to Portland, where it ends south of the Eastbank Esplanade. Most of the corridor, about 21 miles (34 km) long, consists of paved, off-street trail, though about 1 mile (1.6 km) overlaps city streets in Portland's Sellwood neighborhood. A large segment roughly follows the course of Johnson Creek and crosses it on bridges many times. Much of the corridor was acquired by the City of Portland in 1990; remaining segments were acquired by Metro thereafter.

The trail is part of the Portland area's 40-Mile Loop trail system.  It connects to many adjacent or nearby parks, including Tideman Johnson Natural Area, Powell Butte, and others.
721 Tabora
721 Tabora is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. Tabora was named at a conference in Hamburg, Germany in 1913. The name was chosen because the conference was held aboard the passenger cargo liner Tabora of the Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie. The asteroid is orbiting at a distance of 3.55 AU from the Sun with a period of 6.69 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.12. The orbital plane for  is inclined at an angle of 8.3° to the plane of the ecliptic  It is a member of the Cybele group in the outer belt.

Photometric observations of this asteroid made during 2005 were used to produce a light curve showing a rotation period of 7.982±0.001 h with a brightness variation of 0.28 in magnitude. This is a low albedo D-type asteroid showing the characteristic featureless, reddish spectrum of that taxonomic class. It spans a girth of approximately 76 km.

Cybele asteroids
The Cybele asteroids  (also known as the "Cybeles") are a dynamical group of asteroids, named after the asteroid 65 Cybele. Considered by some as the last outpost of an extended asteroid belt, the group consists of just over 2000 members and a few collisional families. Their orbit is defined by an osculating semi-major axis of 3.27 to 3.70 AU, with an eccentricity of less than 0.3, and an inclination less than 30°.

The dynamical Cybele group is located adjacent to the outermost asteroid belt, beyond the Hecuba gap  – the 2:1 resonant zone with Jupiter, where the Griqua asteroids are located – and inside the orbital region of the Hilda asteroids (3:2 resonance), which are themselves followed by the Jupiter trojans (1:1 resonance) further out.
Kameyama-juku
Kameyama-juku (亀山宿, Kameyama-juku) was the forty-sixth of the fifty-three stations (shukuba) of the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It was  located in former Ise Province in what is now the center of the city of Kameyama, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

Ise Province
Ise Province (伊勢国, Ise no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [iꜜ.se (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan that covered most of the area of modern-day Mie Prefecture.  Ise bordered on Iga, Kii, Mino, Ōmi, Owari, Shima, and Yamato Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Seishū (勢州).
Cephalotes klugi
Cephalotes klugi is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (18 May 1851 – 28 August 1928) was an Ecuadorian politician, who served twice as acting President of Ecuador and one term as Vice President of Ecuador.

Freile was born in Quito, Ecuador on 18 May 1851.

Freile was a wealthy landowner who pioneered the raising of Holstein livestock in Ecuador. He served as vice president to President Eloy Alfaro Delgado from 31 August 1899 to 31 August 1903. He was President of the Senate in 1904 and again 1910–1911. He later became the acting President of Ecuador on 12 August 1911 following the overthrow and exile of President Eloy Alfaro. After 21 days in office, Freile was replaced by the newly elected President Emilio Estrada on 1 September 1911. Estrada died three months later, on 21 December 1911, and Freile again served as acting president until 6 March 1912  when he was succeeded by Francisco Andrade Marín.

He died in Paris, France on August 28, 1928.

Vice President of Ecuador
The vice president of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutiérrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president. Salary of the vice president is US$4,869 per month.

The current vice president is Maria Jose Pinto since 24 May 2025.

Below is the history of the office holders.
Akechi Line
The Akechi Line (明知線, Akechi-sen) is a Japanese railway line in Gifu Prefecture connecting Ena and Akechi stations, which are both located in Ena. There are stations located in Nakatsugawa city as well. This is the only railway line Akechi Railway (明知鉄道, Akechi Tetsudō) operates. The third-sector company took over the former Japanese National Railways line in 1985.

Third-sector railway
In Japan, third-sector railways (第三セクター鉄道, dai-san sekutā tetsudō), sometimes translated as semi-public sector railways, are railways operated by a joint corporation that has been invested in by both the public and private sectors, which maintain a public–private partnership. These lines are most often operated by small companies owned by both a prefectural or municipal government and smaller private interests, who both invest in and manage the line. Third-sector lines are generally former lines of the JR Group – or, before 1987, Japanese National Railways (JNR) – that have been divested from the companies.

Examples of lines that were proposed for abolishment or transfer to third-sector companies throughout the 20th century include the Deficit 83 Lines and specified local lines.
Metadata Working Group
The Metadata Working Group was formed in 2007 by Adobe Systems, Apple, Canon, Microsoft and Nokia. Sony joined later in 2008. Microsoft proposed the idea in 2006.

The focus of the group is to advance the interoperability of metadata stored in digital media. Its specification, Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata, defined the interoperability among Exif, IIM (old IPTC), and XMP with consumer digital images. The following properties were selected for interoperability:

keywords

description

date and time

orientation

rating

copyright

creator

location created

location shown

Test files for verification were added in 2008 and are available for download.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Działy, Wieluń County
Działy [ˈd͡ʑawɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnożyły, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Czarnożyły, 9 km (6 mi) north of Wieluń, and 82 km (51 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Czarnożyły
Czarnożyły [t͡ʂarnɔˈʐɨwɨ] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czarnożyły. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Wieluń and 84 km (52 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 1,300.
Civil Air Transport
Civil Air Transport (CAT) (IATA: CT, ICAO: CAT, call sign: Mandarin) was a Nationalist Chinese airline, later owned by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), that supported the United States' covert operations throughout East and Southeast Asia. During the Cold War, missions consisted in assistance to "Free World" allies according to the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949.

Douglas DC-6
The Douglas DC-6 is a piston-powered airliner and cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1946 to 1958. Originally intended as a military transport near the end of World War II, Douglas reworked it after the war to compete with the Lockheed Constellation in the long-range commercial transport market. Douglas built over 700, and many still fly in cargo, military, and wildfire control roles.

The DC-6 was known as the C-118 Liftmaster in United States Air Force service and as the R6D in United States Navy service before 1962, after which all U.S. Navy variants were also designated as the C-118.