hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greene Menopause Index
The Greene Menopause Index, also known as the Greene Climacteric Scale, is a questionnaire a tool used by researchers to study the symptoms of menopause. It is a standard list of 21 questions, divided into three categories (psychological, somatic, and vasomotor), which women use to rate how much they are bothered by menopause symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty sleeping.

Night sweats
Night sweats or nocturnal hyperhydrosis is the repeated occurrence of excessive sweating during sleep. The person may or may not also perspire excessively while awake. Hot flashes and night sweats are vasomotor symptoms, and the most common symptoms of menopause.

One of the most common causes of night sweats in women over 40 is the hormonal changes related to menopause and perimenopause. This is a very common occurrence during the menopausal transition years. Over 80% of women experience hot flashes, which may include excessive sweating, during menopause.

Night sweats range from being relatively harmless to a sign of underlying disease. Night sweats may happen because the sleep environment is too warm, either because the bedroom is unusually hot or because there are too many covers on the bed.  Night sweats have been associated with a long list of clinical conditions. However, there is very little evidence that supports clinical recommendations for this condition.
Hälledal
Hälledal is a locality situated in Härnösand Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden, south of Ramvik.

The buildings in Hälledal were counted until 2015 as part of the conurbation of Ramvik. In 2015, the agglomeration was divided where the northern part around the town of Ramvik was classified as a small town and this the southern part was classified as a separate settlement that was counted as an agglomeration, which took over Ramvik's agglomeration code.

Västernorrland County
Västernorrland County (Swedish: Västernorrlands län) is a county (län) in the north of Sweden. It is bordered by the counties of Gävleborg, Jämtland, Västerbotten and the Gulf of Bothnia.

The name Västernorrland means "Western Norrland", as it was in the western part of the original Norrland (northern Sweden and northern Finland).
Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula
Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Domitian. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of November-December 72 as the colleague of Sextus Marcius Priscus. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Maja Stark
Maja Sofia Stark (born 10 December 1999) is a Swedish professional golfer. She won her first major title at the 2025 U.S. Women's Open. She has six Ladies European Tour titles, and she earned LPGA Tour membership through her victory at the 2022 ISPS Handa World Invitational. As an amateur, she was in contention at the 2020 and 2021 U.S. Women's Open, and after turning professional in August 2021, she won two tournaments in three starts on the Ladies European Tour.

Swedish PGA Championship (women)
The Swedish PGA Championship for women is a golf tournament played annually in Sweden since 1997. It has been an event on the Swedish Golf Tour since inception and featured on the LET Access Series since 2012.

A corresponding Swedish PGA Championship for men has been played since 1970.

There is also a Swedish club pro PGA championship, limited to club professionals in Sweden, with separate competitions for men, women and senior men categories.
Keep (app)
Keep is a Chinese mobile fitness app. The app was made available for downloading on 4 February 2015. Keep was developed by the company Beijing Calories Technology, which was founded by the college student Wang Ning.

The app allows users to view fitness videos and to buy fitness equipment. It contains a social networking service so that customers can share exercise routines with each other. Keep reached one million users downloads by 105 days after its launch and had over 200 million users in September 2019.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
Lzop
lzop is a free software file compression tool which implements the LZO algorithm and is licensed under the GPL.

Aimed at being very fast, lzop produces files slightly larger than gzip while only requiring a tenth of the CPU use and only slightly higher memory utilization. lzop is one of the fastest compressors available, a close second to lz4.

Gzip
gzip is a file format and a file compression program. The program uses the Deflate algorithm to compress and decompress a single file using the gzip file format.

gzip was released in 1992 as a free software replacement for the compress program because its compression algorithm, LZW, was covered by patents from Unisys and IBM, which did not expire until 2003 and 2004. Jean-loup Gailly designed the gzip file format, which was later specified by RFC 1952, and originally wrote the gzip program. Mark Adler wrote the decompression part. gzip is now developed by the GNU project.

As the file format can be decompressed via a streaming algorithm, it is commonly used in stream-based technology such as Web protocols, data interchange and ETL (in standard pipes).
Orsara Bormida
Orsara Bormida is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Alessandria, on the right bank of river Bormida.

Orsara Bormida borders the following municipalities: Montaldo Bormida, Morsasco, Rivalta Bormida, Strevi, and Trisobbio. It lies in a territory which was occupied by a forest; only from the 13th century agriculture took possession of the area. It was a fief of the Malaspina family until 1530. It is home to a castle, built in the 11th century.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
José O. Vera
José Olfinas Vera (November 15, 1888 – August 15, 1956) was a Filipino politician, judge and film studio executive.

Vera served as Representative from Albay's 2nd district from 1916 to 1919, Governor of Albay from 1919 to 1922, and Senator of the Philippines from the 6th district during the 7th to 10th Legislatures (1925–1935) and for the whole nation in the 1st Congress (1946–1949). He served in the seventh branch of the Court of First Instance of Manila as judge ad interim. Beyond politics, he was also the head of the production studio Sampaguita Pictures which he handed over to his son-in-law Jose R. Perez in the 1950s.

In 2004, the Quezon City Council honored Vera by renaming Granada Street, which runs through the old Sampaguita Pictures estate, after him.

Governor of Albay
The governor of Albay (Filipino: Punong Lalawigan ng Albay; Central Bikol: Gobernador kan Albay) is the chief executive of the provincial government of Albay, Philippines. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the governor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former governor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice governor becomes the governor.

The current governor is Noel E. Rosal, who was re-elected governor in the May 12, 2025 Midterm elections.
The Case of the Stuttering Bishop
The Case of the Stuttering Bishop is a 1937 American mystery film directed by William Clemens and starring Donald Woods as Perry Mason and Ann Dvorak as Della Street, his secretary. Edward McWade plays the role of stuttering Bishop William Mallory. It is the sixth and final film in the Warner Bros. Pictures Perry Mason series. It is based on the novel The Case of the Stuttering Bishop (1936) by Erle Stanley Gardner.

Erle Stanley Gardner
Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889 – March 11, 1970) was an American author and lawyer, best known for the Perry Mason series of legal detective stories.  Gardner also wrote numerous other novels and shorter pieces as well as a series of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions in Mexico.

The best-selling American author of the 20th century at the time of his death, Gardner also published under numerous pseudonyms, including A. A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray,  Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and once as the Perry Mason character Della Street ("The Case of the Suspect Sweethearts"). Three stories were published anonymously: "A Fair Trial", "Part Music and Part Tears", and "You Can't Run Away from Yourself", also known as "The Jazz Baby".
Boundary (graph theory)
In graph theory, the outer boundary of a subset S of the vertices of a graph G is the set of vertices in G that are adjacent to vertices in S, but not in S themselves. The inner boundary is the set of vertices in S that have a neighbor outside S. The edge boundary is the set of edges with one endpoint in the inner boundary and one endpoint in the outer boundary.

These boundaries and their sizes are particularly relevant for isoperimetric problems in graphs, separator theorems, minimum cuts, expander graphs, and percolation theory.

Minimum cut
In graph theory, a minimum cut or min-cut of a graph is a cut (a partition of the vertices of a graph into two disjoint subsets) that is minimal in some metric.

Variations of the minimum cut problem consider weighted graphs, directed graphs, terminals, and partitioning the vertices into more than two sets.

The weighted min-cut problem allowing both positive and negative weights can be trivially transformed into a weighted maximum cut problem by flipping the sign in all weights.
Amogelang Motau
Amogelang Masego Motau (born 27 February 1997) is a South African professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX Femenil side Club Tijuana and the South Africa women's national team.

She was part of the Banyana Banyana team when they won their maiden continental title at the 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations.

Motau captained the University of the Western Cape when they became the first university to win the COSAFA Women's Champions League and qualify for the CAF Women's Champions League in 2024. She was named in the group stage best XI at the 2024 CAF Women's Champions League.

She was named the 2024 SAFA Women's League Player of the Season.

2024 CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers
The 2024  CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers is the 4th edition of the annual women's association football club championship organized by COSAFA for its nations. This edition will be held from August 15 to 24 in Blantyre, Malawi.

The winners of the tournament will qualify for the 2024 CAF Women's Champions League final tournament.
Hemre, Isi
Hemre, with the second (good name) name Isi (fl. c. 2200 BC), was an Ancient Egyptian Nomarch around the end of the 6th Dynasty. He is well known from his rock-cut tomb at Deir el-Gabrawi.

In his decorated tomb chapel, Hemre bears many titles: most importantly he was overlord of Dju-fet, (Nomarch or governor) the 12th Upper Egyptian nome, but also had the title of a vizier, which granted him a very high status, second only to the king. His wife was also called Hemre. two sons are known by nameː Isi and Nisuked.

The tomb chapel of Hemre (modern number N72) consists of two rooms. The first, larger one is decorated with paintings. Several shafts are leading down to burial chambers. The paintings are not well preserved and were badly damaged by art robbers in the 1970s. On the north wall, Hemre is shown on front of craftsmen. Smiths and jewellery makers are depicted, as well as a harvest scene. On the east wall, Hemre is sitting in front of dancers.

Nomarch
A nomarch (Ancient Greek: νομάρχης, Ancient Egyptian: ḥrj tp ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.
Ferdinand Jühlke
Ferdinand Jühlke (1 September 1815 – 12 June 1893) was a Prussian (after 1871 German) horticulturist.   He devoted much of his career to teaching and also wrote a number of highly influential books on gardens and garden design, though it is fair to add that his influence was greater in the Prussian north of Germany than in the south.

University of Greifswald
The University of Greifswald (German: [ˈɡʁaɪfsvalt]; German: Universität Greifswald), formerly known as Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Founded in 1456, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, with generations of notable alumni and staff having studied or worked in Greifswald. As the fourth oldest university in present Germany, it was temporarily also the oldest university of the Kingdoms of Sweden (1648–1815) and Prussia (1815–1945), respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the 10,179 students are from outside the state, including international students from 90 countries all over the world.
Faith McNulty
Faith McNulty (November 28, 1918 – April 10, 2005) was an American non-fiction author, probably best known for her 1980 literary journalism genre book The Burning Bed. She is also known for her authorship of wildlife pieces and books, including children's books.

Steven Kellogg
Steven Castle Kellogg (born October 6, 1941, in Norwalk, Connecticut) is an American author and illustrator who has created more than 90 children's books.

On November 12, 2011, Kellogg was given an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Findlay in Ohio. All of his original illustrations were donated to the Mazza Museum of International Art from Picture Books at Findlay. The donation was made possible in part by a $350,000 gift by close friend, Anthony Edwards.  More than 2700 works of art were included.
Spicket Falls Historic District
The Spicket Falls Historic District encompasses the historic industrial and commercial heart of Methuen, Massachusetts, and one of the lower Merrimack River's best-preserved 19th century mill complexes.  It is centered on the falls of the Spicket River, from which the 19th century textile mills of Methuen derived their power.  The historic district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, includes commercial and civic buildings in and near Gaunt Square, the heart of the city, and along both sides of the Spicket River between Gaunt Square and the Boston and Maine Railroad tracks south of the river.  It abuts the residential Pleasant-High Historic District, which lies to its east.

Spicket River
The Spicket River is a 17.7-mile-long (28.5 km) river located in New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the United States. It is a left tributary of the Merrimack River, part of the Gulf of Maine watershed. It is sometimes spelled "Spickett".

The Spicket River begins at the outlet of Island Pond in Derry, New Hampshire, and flows south into Salem, New Hampshire, passing through the Arlington Mill Reservoir. The river continues through Salem, encountering copious suburban development, and enters the city of Methuen, Massachusetts, where it drops nearly 100 feet (30 m) in elevation over a series of dams on its way to the Merrimack River in Lawrence.

Boat house circa 1900 in Methuen, Massachusetts

Broadway Bridge, Methuen

Spicket River Dam in Methuen

Sands Bridge on Hampshire Rd, Methuen
RubyCocoa
Free and open-source software portal

RubyCocoa is a macOS framework that provides a bridge between the Ruby and the Objective-C programming languages, allowing the user to manipulate Objective-C objects from Ruby, and vice versa. It makes it possible to write a Cocoa application completely in Ruby as well as to write an application that mixes Ruby and Objective-C code. An Apple project called MacRuby was under development to replace RubyCocoa in 2008. A proprietary spin-off called RubyMotion was subsequently released in 2012, available for iOS, macOS and Android.

RubyCocoa is used for exploration of a Cocoa object's features with irb interactively, prototyping of a Cocoa application, writing a Cocoa application that combines the features of Ruby and Objective-C, and wrapping macOS' native GUI for a Ruby script.

RubyCocoa is free software, released under both the Ruby License and the LGPL.

Ruby License
The Ruby License is a free license applied to the Ruby programming language and also available to be used in other projects. It contains an explicit dual licensing clause, stating that software subject to its terms may be distributed under either the terms included in the Ruby License itself or under those of either the GNU General Public Licence v2, or the two-clause BSD License (depending on the version of the Ruby License used).

The license is typically considered to be a free software license due to the presence of the dual-licensing clause.
Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson
Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson (born 6 August 1990) is an Icelandic footballer who plays as a centre-back for Úrvalsdeild karla club Valur and the Iceland national team. He is the son of Eyjólfur Sverrisson, former Iceland international and manager.

2016 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2016 Norwegian Football Cup was the 111th season of the Norwegian annual knock-out football tournament. It began with qualification matches in March 2016. The first round was played on 13 April 2016 and the tournament concluded with the final on 20 November 2016.

The victory would have earned Rosenborg a place in the second qualifying round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, but since the club already had qualified to the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League as winners of the 2016 Tippeligaen, this berth was passed down to Haugesund, fourth-place finishers in the league.
Bavarian A III
The Bavarian A III 2-2-2 engines were German steam locomotives in service with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn).

Once again these engines were used to experiment with a short boiler and Meyer expansion valve gear. Because the additional increase in size of the heating area could not be improved by installing extra tubes, two of each were rebuilt to 0-4-2 and 0-6-2 locomotives. Otherwise their construction was the same as the Class A II engines.

They were equipped with 2 T 4.2 and, following the rebuild, 2 T 5 tenders.

2-2-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and two trailing wheels on one axle. The wheel arrangement both provided more stability and enabled a larger firebox than the earlier 0-2-2 and 2-2-0 types. This wheel arrangement is sometimes described as a Single, although this name could be used to describe any kind of locomotive with a single pair of driving wheels.
Cryptopezia
Cryptopezia is a genus of fungi in the Helotiales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Cryptopezia mirabilis.

Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. As of February 2020, the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species.

Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter.
Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally 
some species need a particular part of that plant.
Signia (sportswear)
Signia is an Argentine sportswear brand which manufactures footwear and clothing. The brand has experienced some restructuring plans in the past due to financial problems, even disappearing from the market for some periods of time. Signia has also sponsored some Primera División football teams in Argentina, mostly at the beginning of the 2000s.

Established in 1999 from a partnership between media company Torneos y Competencias and textile manufacturer Gatic S.A., the brand was relaunched in 2011 after being acquired by GGM S.A., a company that also managed the Pony and Asics brands in Argentina.

Signia was official uniform provider of the Argentine Olympic Committee until 2023, when the committed signed a deal with French Le Coq Sportif.

Comisión de Actividades Infantiles
Comisión de Actividades Infantiles (English: Committee on Children's Activities), also known simply as CAI, is an Argentine football club located in the city of Comodoro Rivadavia, of Chubut Province. The team plays in Torneo Argentino A.

The club was founded on 1 January 1984, as a sports club for young people, though by 1989 the activity focused only on football. The team currently plays in the Primera B division of the Argentine league (which is equivalent to the second division). Home games are played at the Estadio Municipal de Comodoro Rivadavia, which has a capacity of approximately 10,000 seats. The club focuses primarily on the development of players from its youth divisions.
Ngezi Forest Reserve
The Ngezi Forest Reserve is a forest reserve located in the Micheweni District of the North Pemba Region on Pemba Island, Tanzania. It covers an area of 1,440 hectares (3,600 acres), mostly comprising primary forest. The reserve was established in 1959.

Pemba Island
Pemba Island (Arabic: الجزيرة الخضراء, al-Jazīra al-khadrāʔ; Swahili: Kisiwa cha Pemba) is a Tanzanian island forming part of the Zanzibar Archipelago, lying within the Swahili Coast in the Indian Ocean.