hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manfredi family
The Manfredi were a noble family of northern Italy, who, with some interruptions, held the seigniory of the city of Faenza in Romagna from the beginning of the 14th century to the end of the 15th century. The family also held the seigniory of Imola for several decades at the same time.

The first mention of the Manfredi family in Faenza is dated 1050. The family members were patricians of the city and consuls. The first Manfredi lord of Faenza was Francesco I Manfredi, son of Alberghetto and the last was Astorre Manfredi IV.

Astorre II Manfredi
Astorre II Manfredi (8 December 1412 – 12 March 1468) was lord of Imola from 1439 and of Faenza from 1443.

He was born in Faenza, the son of Gian Galeazzo I Manfredi. Apart Faenza and Imola, he was Papal vicar at Fusignano and other lands in Romagna together with his brother Gian Galeazzo II. He also fought as captain for several local rulers.

In 1431 he married Giovanna da Barbiano, daughter of the famous condottiero Alberico da Barbiano. His sons Carlo and Galeotto were both lords of Faenza after Astorre's death.
Roger Waialae
Roger Waialae (born c. 1966) is an American former football coach. He was the head football coach for West Liberty University, a position held from 2005 until his retirement in 2025. He also coached for Dubuque, Bethany (WV), and the München Rangers of the German Football League (GFL). He played college football and golf for Dubuque as well as one year of professional football with the München Rangers of the GFL.

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
1956 British Togoland status plebiscite
A plebiscite was held in British Togoland on 9 May 1956 to decide the status of the territory. Since World War I, the territory had been a League of Nations mandate under British control, and became a United Nations Trust Territory after World War II. The referendum offered residents the choice of remaining a Trust Territory until neighbouring French Togoland had decided upon its future, or becoming part of soon-to-be Ghana. The Ewe-based Togoland Congress campaigned against and preferred amalgamation with French Togoland.

The eventual result was reported to be 58% in favour of integration, although 55% of voters in the southern part of the territory had voted to separate from the Gold Coast and continue its status as a UN Trusteeship.

Togoland Congress
The Togoland Congress (TCP) was a political party formed in 1951 which had won three seats in the Gold Coast elections of April 1954 and two seats in the July 1956 elections, but did not survive for long afterwards. The Togoland Congress's goal was to campaign for the unification of the Ewe people in British Togoland and French Togoland as a separate Ewe state; however the party yet again failed in the May 1956 UN plebiscite held in British Togoland, which had resulted in the unification of British Togoland and the Gold Coast.

The symbol of the party was a five pointed star in yellow on a white background.
Financial Security Law of France
The Financial Security Law of France (known in France as LSF or Loi de sécurité financière), signed by the Minister of Finance, Francis Mer, was adopted by the French Parliament on July 17, 2003, in order to strengthen the legal provisions relating to corporate governance. The LSF was published in OJ No. 177, August 2, 2003 (No. 2003-706 dated August 1, 2003). Provisions of this law are applicable to all public limited companies as well as to companies calling on public savings for financial years beginning on or after January 1, 2003.

Similar to the American Sarbanes–Oxley Act, the Financial Security Law of France rests mainly on:

An increased responsibility of leaders

A strengthening of internal control

A reduction in the sources of conflicts of interest  v

Corporate governance
Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms, processes, practices, and relations by which corporations are controlled and operated by their boards of directors, managers, shareholders, and stakeholders.
Delonix
Delonix is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae.  It contains trees that are native to Madagascar and East Africa. By far the best known species is the Royal Poinciana (D. regia).

The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words δηλος (delos), meaning "evident," and ονυξ (onyx), meaning "claw," referring to the petals. The common name, poinciana, comes from a former genus of the same name in which the members of the current genus Delonix were classified along with plants now placed in the genus Caesalpinia.

Caesalpinia
Caesalpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 10 species which range from southeastern Mexico through Central America to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and to Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas.
Richard Hickman
Richard Hickman (1757–1832) was the fifth lieutenant governor of Kentucky, serving in that capacity from 1812 to 1816 under Isaac Shelby during Shelby's second term as governor.

Hickman was born in Virginia in 1757 to Maj. James Hickman and Hannah Lewis Hickman. He served as Clark County's first legislative representative from 1793 to 1798. He further served on the 1799 Kentucky Constitutional Convention. Following the Constitutional Convention, he became one of the first twelve men to be members of the Kentucky Senate, and served in that body three separate times from 1800 to 1808, again from 1811 to 1812, and finally from 1819 to 1822.

He was elected Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky under Governor Isaac Shelby, and served briefly as acting governor in 1813, during the time that Shelby was leading Kentucky troops in the War of 1812.

Hickman is U.S. President Barack Obama's 7th-great uncle.

Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
The lieutenant governor of Kentucky was created under the state's second constitution, which was ratified in 1799. The inaugural officeholder was Alexander Scott Bullitt, who took office in 1800 following his election to serve under James Garrard in 1799. The lieutenant governor becomes governor of Kentucky under circumstances similar to those under which the vice president of the United States assumes the presidency. The current lieutenant governor is Democrat Jacqueline Coleman, who has been office since December 10, 2019.
Merkez, Beykoz
Merkez or Beykoz Merkez is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beykoz, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 5,870 (2022). It is the city center of Beykoz district and one of its 45 neighborhoods on the Anatolian/Asian side of Istanbul.

Looking at its administrative borders, Yalıköy and Ortaçeşme neighborhoods lie in the north; to the northeast is Akbaba; Elmalı village is to the east; İncirköy neighborhood is to the southeast; Gümüşsuyu is to the south; and to the west is the Bosphorus Strait.

The 500-year-old Onçeşmeler (İshak Ağa Fountain), the work of Mimar Sinan and taking its latest form in 1746 AD/1159 AH, is located in the square on the coast. The historical Serbostani Mustafa Ağa Mosque (1809 AD/1229 AH) stands next to it. The upper quarter was known as the Armenian Quarter with its Surp Nigoğayos Church first built in 1776.

A fishing community thrives on the coast of Merkez.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
2024 Washington State Senate election
The 2024 Washington State Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024, with a nonpartisan blanket primary election held on August 6, 2024. Voters in 25 of the 49 state legislative districts elected Senators to the Washington State Senate. The elections will coincide with other elections for federal, state, and local offices.

2024 Washington elections
Washington state elections in 2024 were held on November 5, 2024. Primary elections were held on August 6, 2024.

This was the first time since 1965 that Republicans have not held at least one executive office going into the election.

In the early hours of October 28, a ballot drop box in Vancouver was found to be on fire damaging a number of ballots. Police stated that a suspicious device had been found next to the box.
Lake, Idaho
Lake was a former unincorporated community located on the north shore of Henrys Lake in Fremont County, Idaho, United States, that is now part of the city of Island Park. The site of the former community is at 44°40′01″N 111°23′37″W﻿ / ﻿44.66694°N 111.39361°W﻿ / 44.66694; -111.39361.

Island Park is part of the Rexburg Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Rexburg, Idaho
Rexburg is a city in Madison County, Idaho, United States.  The population was 39,409 at the 2020 census.  The city is the county seat of Madison County and its largest city.  Rexburg is the principal city of the Rexburg micropolitan area, which includes Fremont and Madison counties. The city is home to Brigham Young University–Idaho (BYU-Idaho), a private institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
George Macovescu
George Macovescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒe̯ordʒe makoˈvesku]; 28 May 1913 – 20 March 2002) was a Romanian writer and communist politician who served as the General Secretary of Ministry of Information of Romania and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)
The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Externe) is the ministry responsible for external affairs of the Romanian Government. The current foreign minister is Oana Țoiu.
WCEV
WCEV (1450 AM) was a radio station licensed to Cicero, Illinois, United States. Serving the Chicago area, WCEV was owned by Migala Communications Corporation, and aired a time brokered ethnic programming format.

Cicero, Illinois
Cicero is a town in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 85,268, making it the 11th-most populous municipality in Illinois. The town is named after Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman and orator. With a population more than 89% Hispanic, the town is the most Hispanic in the state of Illinois.
Pyranocoumarin
Pyranocoumarins are a class of chemical compounds that have a core structure that consists of a pyran ring fused to a coumarin.  As phytochemicals, pyranocoumarins are uncommon and found mainly the plant families Apiaceae and Rutaceae.  For example, Citrus sinensis and Citrus limonia are sources of xanthyletin and seselin.

In the biosyntheses of pyranocoumarins, the pyran ring is formed via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway and the coumarin is derived from the shikimate pathway.

Coumarin
Coumarin (/ˈkuːmərɪn/) or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula C9H6O2.  Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring −(CH)=(CH)−(C=O)−O−, forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to the benzopyrone chemical class and is considered a lactone.

Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste. It is found in many plants, where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. While coumarin is not an anticoagulant, its 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy derivatives, such as the fungal metabolite dicoumarol, inhibit synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting. A related compound, the prescription drug anticoagulant warfarin, is used to inhibit formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.
Poor cod
The poor cod (Trisopterus minutus) is a temperate marine fish belonging to the cod family (Gadidae). It is red brown in colour and has a pronounced chin barbel. It may grow up to a length of 40 cm (16 in). It is usually found in small shoals at depths between 10 and 300 feet (3 and 91 m) over muddy or sandy bottoms. Its distribution spans the eastern Atlantic, from Norwegian coasts to Portugal and along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Spawning takes place towards the end of winter. They are often regarded as a mini species and are commonly confused with pouting as they have a similar appearance. They are often seen as a menace for anglers and have little commercial value and so are not currently at any risk of extinction.

They feed on crustaceans, small fish and marine worms. They are eaten by seals, dolphins and larger fish. It is commercially harvested for the production of fish meal, and in southern Europe as food.

Gadidae
The Gadidae are a family of marine fish, included in the order Gadiformes, known as the cods, codfishes, or true cods.  It contains several commercially important fishes, including the cod, haddock, whiting, and pollock.

Most gadid species are found in temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere, but several range into subtropical, subarctic, and Arctic oceans, and a single (southern blue whiting) is found in the Southern Hemisphere. They are generally medium-sized fish, and are distinguished by the presence of three dorsal fins on the back and two anal fins on the underside. Most species have barbels on their chins, which they use while browsing on the sea floor. Gadids are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and crustaceans.

Gadids are highly prolific, producing several million eggs at each spawning. This contributes to their high population numbers, which, in turn, makes commercial fishing relatively easy.
Notch of cardiac apex
The anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus extend from the base of the ventricular portion to a notch, the notch of cardiac apex, (or incisura apicis cordis) on the acute margin of the heart just to the right of the apex.

Posterior interventricular sulcus
The posterior interventricular sulcus or posterior longitudinal sulcus is one of the two grooves separating the ventricles of the heart (the other being the anterior interventricular sulcus). They can be known as subsinosal interventricular groove or paraconal interventricular groove respectively. It is located on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart near the right margin. It extends between the coronary sulcus and the (notch of) apex of the heart. It contains the posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein.
Kęstutis Navickas
Kęstutis Navickas (born January 13, 1984) is a badminton player from Lithuania. He competed at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China. Navickas was the bronze medalist at the 2015 Baku European Games in the men's singles event.  Currently Navickas serves as Head of Coaches Council in Lithuanian Badminton Federation. His is as of March 2022 the Singles Head Coach for the French Badminton.

Navickas played in the German club TV Refrath from 2005-2006 after that he change to the team of Gifhon.

He won the Lithuanian National Badminton Championships in 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008. He competed at the 2006 IBF World Championships and lost in the second round against Taufik Hidayat.

In 2025 Kęstutis Navickas won BEC Award for Coach of the Year.

Taufik Hidayat
Taufik Hidayat (born 10 August 1981) is an Indonesian retired badminton player who is the current Deputy Minister for Youth and Sport of Indonesia. He is a former World champion, Olympic gold medalist, two time Asian Games gold medalist, and three time Asian champion. He is a 6 time Indonesia Open winner. He is the youngest player to have reached the world number one ranking in the men's single. Known as 'Mr Backhand', he is considered one of the greats in men's singles badminton.
Flygbussarna
Flygbussarna (lit. 'The airport buses') is an airport bus service that connects six major airports with cites in Sweden. Founded in 1989 by SL, the service is currently owned by Vy Buss AB, a company wholly owned by the Government of Norway, and operates under the brand name Vy Flygbussarna.

Airport bus
An airport bus, or airport shuttle bus, alternatively simply airport shuttle or shuttle bus is a bus designed for transport of passengers to and from, or within airports. These vehicles will usually be equipped with larger luggage space, and incorporate special branding. They are also commonly (but not always) painted with bright colours to stand out among other airport vehicles and to be easily seen by the crews of taxiing aircraft when negotiating the aprons.

Airport buses have been in use since the 1960s, when nationalised operator British European Airways employed the archetypal London red AEC Routemaster buses in a blue and white livery with luggage trailers on service to Heathrow Airport.
Doulouchu
Doulouchu (simplified Chinese: 兜楼储; traditional Chinese: 兜樓儲 < Eastern Han Chinese: *to-lo-ḍiɑ) was a Xiongnu prince of unknown relationship to the Southern Xiongnu dynastic line who was proclaimed chanyu by the Han dynasty in 24 July 143 AD. Toulouchu resided in the Southern Xiongnu capital of Meiji in Xihe Commandery. It is doubtful whether he wielded any real power over his nominal subjects. He died four years later in 147 AD and was succeeded by Jucheer.

Chanyu
Chanyu (simplified Chinese: 单于; traditional Chinese: 單于; pinyin: Chányú) or Shanyu (Chinese: 善于), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (Chinese: 撐犁孤塗單于; pinyin: Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries  until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 AD.  The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).  It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.
Imad Ahmad Sayfour
Imad Ahmad Sayfour (born 1955) is a Kurdish, Iraqi politician. He was born in Khanaqin in 1955 and graduated from Baghdad Technical Institute in 1980. He is a senior member of Iraqi President Jalal Talebani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and has served as Minister for Housing and Reconstruction and as Deputy Prime Minister in the Kurdistan Regional Government.

Jalal Talabani
Jalal Talabani (Kurdish: جەلال تاڵەبانی, romanized: Celal Talebanî, Arabic: جلال طالباني, romanized: Jalāl Ṭālabānī; 1933 – 3 October 2017) was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the president of Iraq from 2005 to 2014, as well as the  president of the Governing Council of Iraq.

Talabani was the founder and secretary-general of one of the main Kurdish political parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). He was a prominent member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, which was established following the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Talabani was an advocate for Kurdish rights and democracy in Iraq for more than 50 years.
Chapel of the Ascension
The Chapel of the Ascension (Arabic: كنيسة الصعود, romanized: Kanīsat aṣ-ṣuʕūd; Greek: Εκκλησάκι της Αναλήψεως, Ekklisáki tis Analípseos; Hebrew: קפלת העלייה Qapelat ha-ʿAliyya) is a chapel and shrine located on the Mount of Olives, in the At-Tur district of Jerusalem. Part of a larger complex, historically it started as part of a Christian church and monastery, which later became an Islamic mosque, Zawiyat al-Adawiya ('the zawiya of [Rabia] al-Adawiya'), and is located on a site believed since the Byzantine period to be the earthly spot where Jesus ascended into Heaven after his Resurrection. It houses a slab of stone believed to contain one of his footprints. This article deals with two sites: the Christian site of the Ascension, and the adjacent but separate mosque built over an ancient grave.

Denys Pringle
Reginald Denys Pringle (born 20 September 1951) is a British archaeologist and medievalist. He is best known for his numerous publications regarding Crusader castles and Crusader-era churches in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the 12th–13th century Crusader state in the Holy Land.
Karnah
Karnah is an administrative tehsil in the Kupwara district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is 69 kilometres (43 mi) from the town of Kupwara, the district headquarter, and is the largest tehsil of the district by area.

Kupwara
Kupwara (Urdu pronunciation: [kʊpʋɑːɽɑː] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [kɔpʋoːr]) is a city, District headquarter and a municipal council in Kupwara district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Municipal council Kupwara is an Urban Local Body with elected members  which administers the city Municipality.
Clitellata
The Clitellata are a class of annelid worms, characterized by having a clitellum – the 'collar' that forms a reproductive cocoon during part of their life cycles. The clitellates comprise around 8,000 species.  Unlike the class of Polychaeta, they do not have parapodia and their heads are less developed.

Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta is a subclass of soft-bodied animals in the phylum Annelida, which is made up of many types of aquatic and terrestrial worms, including all of the various earthworms.  Specifically, oligochaetes comprise the terrestrial megadrile earthworms (some of which are semiaquatic or fully aquatic), and freshwater or semiterrestrial microdrile forms, including the tubificids, pot worms and ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms (Lumbriculidae) and several interstitial marine worms.

With around 10,000 known species, the Oligochaeta make up about half of the phylum Annelida. These worms usually have few setae (chaetae) or "bristles" on their outer body surfaces, and lack parapodia, unlike polychaeta.
Kedar Naik
Kedar Jayprakash Naik (born 9 November 1978) is an Indian politician and businessman who serves as a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly, representing the Saligao Assembly constituency. He won the seat after contesting from Indian National Congress ticket in 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election. Naik defeated former Bharatiya Janata Party MLA Jayesh Salgaonkar by a margin of 1899 votes. He joined the BJP in 2022.

Jayesh Salgaonkar
Jayesh Vidyadhar Salgaonkar is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Salgaonkar was a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly from the Saligao constituency in North Goa district. He was the Minister of Ports, Rural Development Agency and Housing with Housing Board department in Manohar Parrikar ministry. Salgaonkar was  dropped from Pramod Sawant’s council of ministers after 10 Congress lawmakers joined the BJP in July 2019 and the BJP didn’t need Goa Forward's support.

In April 2021, Goa Forward left the NDA. By December 2021, rumors began circulating that Salgaonkar would be quitting Goa Forward to join the BJP. Stating that he has not acted to quell the rumours, GFP sent a show-cause notice to Salgaonkar. In response, Salgaonkar quit the Goa Forward Party and was inducted into the BJP. His entry into the BJP was met with strong opposition from a section of the BJP cadre.