hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Lauderdale
James Russell Lauderdale (born April 11, 1957) is an American country, bluegrass, and Americana singer-songwriter. Since 1986, he has released 31 studio albums, including collaborations with artists such as Dr. Ralph Stanley, Buddy Miller, and Donna the Buffalo. A "songwriter's songwriter," his songs have been recorded by dozens of artists, notably George Strait, Gary Allan, Elvis Costello, Blake Shelton, the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, and Patty Loveless.

Roland White
Roland Joseph White (né LeBlanc; April 23, 1938 – April 1, 2022) was an American bluegrass music artist, performing principally on the mandolin. He was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2017.
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)
The federal minister for foreign affairs (German: Bundesminister des Auswärtigen) is the head of the Federal Foreign Office and a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The current office holder is Johann Wadephul. Since 1966, the minister for foreign affairs has often also simultaneously held the office of vice-chancellor of Germany.

Johann Wadephul
Johann Walter David Rudolf "Jo" Wadephul (German: [ˈjoːhan ˈvaːdəˌfuːl]; born 10 February 1963) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as the federal minister of foreign affairs in the government of Chancellor Friedrich Merz since 2025.

He has been a member of the Bundestag since 2009, where he also served as deputy chair of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group from 2017 until 2025. Previously, he was a member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein from 2000 until 2009, where he also served as chairman of the CDU parliamentary group from 2005.
Dakota Southern Railway
The Dakota Southern Railway (reporting mark DSRC) was a railroad that until late May 2021 ran 189.7 miles (305.3 km) between Kadoka, South Dakota, and Mitchell, South Dakota, and which continued to service the approximately 10 miles (16 km) of remaining active track of the Napa Junction–Platte Line in southern South Dakota.  It connected with the BNSF Railway in Mitchell and Napa Junction respectively.

Platte, South Dakota
Platte is a city in Charles Mix County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,311 at the 2022 census. The community is named after the Platte Creek, a tributary of the Missouri River reservoir Lake Francis Case. Platte is located 15 miles east of Lake Francis Case on the Missouri River.
Kaghaznagar Express
The 12757 / 12758 Kaghaznagar Superfast Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – South Central Railway zone that runs between Secunderabad Junction & Sirpur Kaghaznagar in India.

It operates as train number 12757 from Secunderabad Junction to Sirpur Kaghaznagar and as train number 12758 in the reverse direction, serving the state of Telangana.

South Central Railway zone
The South Central Railway  (abbreviated SCR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways. The jurisdiction of the zone is spread over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka. It has three divisions under its administration, which include Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. Secunderabad, Telangana is the Zonal headquarter.
NGC 5936
NGC 5936 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Serpens. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4131 ± 11 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 60.93 ± 4.27 Mpc (~199 million light-years). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 12 April 1784.

NGC 5936 is listed as a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG), and as a field galaxy, i.e. one that does not belong to a larger galaxy group or cluster and hence is gravitationally alone.

Field galaxy
A field galaxy is a galaxy that does not belong to a larger galaxy group or cluster and hence is gravitationally alone.

Roughly 80% of all galaxies located within 5 Mpc (16 Mly) of the Milky Way are in groups or clusters of galaxies. Most low-surface-brightness galaxies are field galaxies. The median Hubble-type of field galaxies is Sb, a type of spiral galaxy.
Duchy of Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród
The Duchy of Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród was a district principality and a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland during the era of fragmentation. It was formed between 1314 and 1315 from part of the Duchy of Inowrocław, and existed until 1323 when it was incorporated back into it. The country was located in the Kuyavia centered around its co-capitals: Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród. Its only ruler was the duke Przemysł of Inowrocław of the Piast dynasty.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Azhar Azizan Harun
Azhar bin Azizan Harun (Jawi: ازهر بن عزيزان هارون; born 26 October 1962), also known as Art Harun, is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as the 10th Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat from July 2020 to December 2022 and the 9th Chairman of the Election Commission (EC) from September 2018 to his resignation in June 2020.

Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat
The Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat (Malay: Yang di-Pertua Dewan Rakyat, Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوا ديوان رعيت‎) is the highest-ranking presiding officer of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia. They are responsible for convening sessions of the Dewan Rakyat, organising debates, and examining the admissibility of petitions, bills, and amendments. In the absence of the Speaker, one of their deputies will take their place.

The current speaker is Johari Abdul. He was elected on 19 December 2022 for the 15th Malaysian Parliament.
Zac Taylor
Zachary William Taylor (born May 10, 1983) is an American professional football coach and former quarterback who is the head coach for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wake Forest Deacons, Butler Grizzlies, and Nebraska Cornhuskers before signing with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2007 as an undrafted free agent.

Taylor was named Cincinnati's head coach in 2019, where he went 6–25–1 in his first two years. In 2021, Taylor led the Bengals to their first playoff win since 1990, ending the longest active drought in the four major North American sports, en route to an appearance in Super Bowl LVI. Taylor followed this up with 12 wins and a trip to the AFC Championship Game in 2022. During his time with the Bengals, Taylor has won five postseason games, matching the franchise total prior to his hiring as head coach.

Cincinnati Bearcats football
The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in college football. They compete at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level as members of the Big 12 Conference. They have played their home games in historic and renovated Nippert Stadium since 1924. The Bearcats have an all-time record of over .500, having reached their 600th program victory in 2017.
Estadio de Chacarita Juniors
The Estadio de Chacarita Juniors is a stadium located in the Villa Maipú district of General San Martín Partido, Argentina. Inaugurated in 1945 and then demolished and rebuilt in 2011, it is the home venue of Chacarita Juniors.

Villa Maipú
Villa Maipú is a localidad (district) of the General San Martín Partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It forms part of the urban agglomeration of Greater Buenos Aires.

The localidad is home to Chacarita Juniors, a football club that won the 1969 Metropolitano.
Lubbock Subpluvial
Lubbock Subpluvial is a discredited paleoclimate theory about a wet period in early Holocene Texas and New Mexico. During this period, part of the Llano Estacado was supposedly covered with pine and spruce forest but later research has found that vegetation there scarcely changed from grasslands through the Quaternary.

Llano Estacado
The Llano Estacado (Spanish: [ˈʝano estaˈkaðo]), sometimes translated into English as the Staked Plains, is a region in the Southwestern United States encompassing parts of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas.  One of the largest mesas or tablelands on the North American continent, the elevation rises from 3,000 feet (900 m) in the southeast to over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) in the northwest, sloping almost uniformly at about 10 feet per mile (2 m/km).
1993 Liberty Bowl
The 1993 Liberty Bowl was a college football bowl game played at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 28, 1993, as part of the 1993–94 bowl season. The 35th edition of the Liberty Bowl, the game matched the Michigan State Spartans of the Big Ten Conference, and the Louisville Cardinals, a football independent. Louisville defeated Michigan State, 18–7.

Liberty Bowl
The Liberty Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game played in late December or early January since 1959. For its first five years, it was played at Philadelphia Municipal Stadium in Philadelphia before being held at Atlantic City Convention Hall in 1964. Since 1965, the game has been held at Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. Because of the scheduling of the bowl game near the end of the calendar year, no game was played during calendar years 2008 or 2015, while two games were played in calendar years 2010 and 2016.

Since 2004, the game has been sponsored by Memphis-based auto parts retailer AutoZone and officially known as the AutoZone Liberty Bowl. Previous sponsors include St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (1993–1996) and AXA Financial (1997–2003).
2004 North Carolina Senate election
The 2004 North Carolina Senate elections were held on November 2, 2004, to elect members to all fifty seats in the North Carolina Senate. The election coincided with the elections for other offices including the Presidency, U.S. Senate, Governorship, U.S. House of Representatives, Council of State, and state house. The primary election was held on July 20, 2004, with a primary run-off occurring on August 17, 2004. These elections were the first to use new district lines drawn by the General Assembly to account the for changes in population amongst each of the districts after the 2000 census. The 2002 election had been conducted under a map ordered by the North Carolina Superior Court.

Malcolm Graham (politician)
Malcolm Graham (born January 14, 1963)  is a former Democratic member of the North Carolina Senate, where he represented District 40 (Mecklenburg County). He was first elected in 2004, defeating former senator Fountain Odom in the Democratic primary and Republican Brian Sisson in the general election. He served in the Senate until 2014, when he ran unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives in District 12.

From 1999 until his election to the Senate in 2004, Graham served as a Charlotte City Council Member representing the city's 4th District.

In 2019, Graham ran for the Charlotte City Council again. He won the Democratic primary for the District 2 seat on September 10, and the general election on November 5. He was sworn into office on December 2, 2019.
Ken Friedman
Ken Friedman (born September 19, 1949 in New London, Connecticut) is an artist and designer. He was a member of Fluxus, an international laboratory for experimental art, architecture, design, and music. Friedman joined Fluxus in 1966 as the youngest member of the classic Fluxus group. He has worked closely with other Fluxus artists and composers such as George Maciunas, Dick Higgins, and Nam June Paik, as well as collaborating with John Cage and Joseph Beuys. He was the general manager of Dick Higgins's Something Else Press in the early 1970s. In the 1990s, Friedman's work as a management consultant and designer led him to an academic career, first as Professor of Leadership and Strategic Design at the Norwegian School of Management in Oslo, then as Dean of the Faculty of Design at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne. Friedman is currently Professor Emeritus at Swinburne and Chair Professor of Design Innovation Studies at Tongji University.

Nam June Paik
Nam June Paik (Korean: 백남준; pronunciation (Korean name order)ⓘ; July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a South Korean artist. He worked with a variety of media and is considered to be the founder of video art. He is credited with the first use (1974) of the term "electronic super highway" to describe the future of telecommunications.

Born in Seoul to a wealthy business family, Paik trained as a classical musician, spending time in Japan and West Germany, where he joined the Fluxus collective and developed a friendship with experimental composer John Cage. He moved to New York City in 1964 and began working with cellist Charlotte Moorman to create performance art. Soon after, he began to incorporate televisions and video tape recorders into his work, acquiring growing fame. A stroke in 1996 left him partially paralyzed for the last decade of his life.
Binary code
A binary code is the value of a data-encoding convention represented in a binary notation that usually is a sequence of 0s and 1s, sometimes called a bit string. For example, ASCII is an 8-bit text encoding that in addition to the human readable form (letters) can be represented as binary. Binary code can also refer to the mass noun code that is not human readable in nature such as machine code and bytecode.

Even though all modern computer data is binary in nature, and therefore can be represented as binary, other numerical bases may be used. Power of 2 bases (including hex and octal) are sometimes considered binary code since their power-of-2 nature makes them inherently linked to binary. Decimal is, of course, a commonly used representation. For example, ASCII characters are often represented as either decimal or hex. Some types of data such as image data is sometimes represented as hex, but rarely as decimal.

Power of two
A power of two is a number of the form 2n where n is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer n as the exponent. In the fast-growing hierarchy, 2n is exactly equal to . In the Hardy hierarchy, 2n is exactly equal to .

Powers of two with non-negative exponents are integers: 20 = 1, 21 = 2, and 2n is two multiplied by itself n times. The first ten powers of 2 for non-negative values of n are:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, ... (sequence A000079 in the OEIS)

By comparison, powers of two with negative exponents are fractions: for positive integer n, 2−n is one half multiplied by itself n times. Thus the first few negative powers of 2 are ⁠1/2⁠, ⁠1/4⁠, ⁠1/8⁠, ⁠1/16⁠, etc. Sometimes these are called inverse powers of two because each is the multiplicative inverse of a positive power of two.
Joseph McKenna (Canada)
James Andrew Joseph McKenna is best known for participating in negotiations with a number of indigenous peoples on behalf of the Dominion of Canada, including during the creation of Treaty 8, and Treaty 10.

Duncan Campbell Scott
Duncan Campbell Scott CMG FRSC (August 2, 1862 – December 19, 1947) was a Canadian civil servant and poet and prose writer. With Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, and Archibald Lampman, he is classed as one of Canada's Confederation Poets.

A career civil servant, Scott served as deputy superintendent of the Department of Indian Affairs from 1913 to 1932, in which he would eventually coin the phrase “final solution for the Indian problem” while promoting the cultural assimilation of native populations.
Satsobek
Satsobek (also Sitsobek or Zatsobek; Daughter of Sobek) was an ancient Egyptian queen with the titles Great Royal Wife and the one united with the white crown. She is so far only known from one scarab seal in a private collection. The scarab is datable on stylistical grounds to the Thirteenth Dynasty. Her husband remains unknown. Her name is written Sasobek, without the female t ending in Sat (daughter). This might be a simple mistake or short writing, but it is also possible that she used a male name Sasobek - (Son of Sobek). Male names for women are common in this period.

Great Royal Wife
Great Royal Wife, or alternatively, Chief King's Wife (Ancient Egyptian: ḥmt nswt wrt) is the title that was used to refer to the principal wife of the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, who served many official functions.
33rd New York State Legislature
The 33rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 30 to April 6, 1810, during the third year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.

Schoharie County, New York
Schoharie County (/skoʊˈhɛəriː/ skoh-HAIR-ee) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,714, making it the state's fifth-least populous county. The county seat is Schoharie. "Schoharie" comes from a Mohawk word meaning "floating driftwood." Schoharie County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area and thus the Capital District of New York. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Metropolis Management and Building Acts Amendment Act 1878
The Metropolis Management and Building Acts Amendment Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 32) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which modified the Metropolis Management Act 1855 and the Metropolitan Building Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 122). The act was used to improve the regulation of standards in buildings, and introduced measures to protect the safety of theatres and music halls.

Metropolitan Building Act 1855
The Metropolitan Building Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 122) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, concerning standards for buildings within the London "Metropolis", which was separately defined as part of the Metropolis Management Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120) passed in the same year. The act was used to regulate the construction, alteration, and safety of buildings within the city, and is the precursor of modern building regulations.
Solifugae
Solifugae is an order of arachnids known variously as solifuges, sun spiders, camel spiders, and wind scorpions. The order includes more than 1,000 described species in about 147 genera. Despite their common names, they differ from both order Araneae (spiders) and order Scorpiones (scorpions). Most species of solifuges live in dry climates and feed opportunistically on ground-dwelling arthropods and other small animals. The largest species grow to a length of 12–15 cm (5–6 in), including legs. A number of urban legends exaggerate the size and speed of solifuges, and their potential danger to humans, which is negligible.

Urban legend
Urban legend (sometimes modern legend, urban myth, or simply legend) is a genre of folklore concerning stories about an unusual (usually scary) or humorous event that many people believe to be true but largely are not.

These legends can be entertaining but often concern mysterious and troubling events, such as disappearances and strange objects or entities. Urban legends may confirm moral standards, reflect prejudices, or be a way to make sense of societal anxieties.

In the past, urban legends were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile news apps, e-mail, and most often, social media.  Some urban legends have passed through the years/decades with only minor changes, in where the time period takes place. Generic urban legends are often altered to suit regional variations, but the lesson or moral generally remains the same.
Dennis Pyle
Dennis D. Pyle (born February 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 1st district from 2005 to 2025. He ran for governor of Kansas in the 2022 election.

Laura Kelly
Laura Jeanne Kelly (born January 24, 1950) is an American politician serving since 2019 as the 48th governor of Kansas. A member of the Democratic Party, she represented the 18th district in the Kansas Senate from 2005 to 2019. Kelly was elected governor in 2018 and reelected in 2022.
Davit Khocholava
Davit Khocholava (Georgian: დავით ხოჭოლავა, romanized: davit khoch'olava, pronounced [davitʰ χotʃʼolava]; born 8 February 1993) is a Georgian retired professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Ukrainian Super Cup
The Ukrainian Super Cup (Ukrainian: Суперкубок України) is an association football game of the Ukrainian Premier League in traditional super cup format that acts as the grand-opening for every new football competition season in Ukraine. Originally it was set as a contest between the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup. From 2008 through 2014, it was branded as the Inter Super Cup of Ukraine, in 2017 – Super Cup Fokstrot.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the competition is currently suspended.
Salisbury, Illinois
Salisbury is an unincorporated community located in Sangamon County, Illinois.  It is located on Illinois Route 97, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Springfield.  Salisbury was once located in its own rural township, Salisbury Township.  After Salisbury Township dissolved itself in 1989, the Salisbury area joined the adjacent Gardner Township, with postal addresses being assigned to the neighboring village of Pleasant Plains about seven miles to the southwest.

Pleasant Plains, Illinois
Pleasant Plains is a village in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. The population was 809 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village was incorporated April 8, 1876
Jean Salumu
Jean Salumu (born 26 July 1990) is a Belgian professional basketball player who last played for Trefl Sopot of the Polish Basketball League. He also represents the Belgian national basketball team.

In 2018, Salumu was the first Belgian ever to win the Most Valuable Player award of the Belgian domestic league.

BC Oostende
Basketball Club Oostende, for sponsorship reasons Filou Oostende, is a Belgian professional basketball team. The club is based in Ostend and was founded in 1970. The club competes domestically in the BNXT League and internationally in the Basketball Champions League. Oostende is the most successful basketball club in Belgian history, as the club's honour list includes a record twenty-six Belgian League championships, a record nineteen Belgian Cups and eleven Belgian Supercups.
Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize
The Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize is awarded annually by the Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation and the Photographers' Gallery to a photographer who has made the most significant contribution to the photographic medium in Europe during the past year.

The prize was set up in 1996 by the Photographers' Gallery, London. From 1997 to 2004 it was called the Citigroup Photography Prize or Citibank Private Bank Photography Prize. Deutsche Börse has sponsored the competition since 2005, with a £30,000 prize. At that point it became the Deutsche Börse Photography Prize. It was renamed the Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize in 2016 to reflect its new position within the a specifically established non-profit organisation.

It has been described as "the biggest of its kind in photography in Europe" and "the most prestigious".

Jeu de Paume (museum)
Jeu de Paume (French pronunciation: [ʒø də pom], Real Tennis Court) is an arts centre for modern and postmodern photography and media. It is located in the north corner (west side) of the Tuileries Gardens next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. In 2004, Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Centre national de la photographie and Patrimoine Photographique merged to form the Association Jeu de Paume.