hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Stephen's Church, Ipswich
St Stephen's Church and Hall, part of the Central Church parish and officially Central Presbyterian Church, Ipswich, is a heritage-listed Presbyterian church and associated churchyard at 22 Limestone Street, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. The church was designed by Joseph Backhouse, built from 1865 to 1978, and added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Ipswich, Queensland
Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ ⓘ) is an urban centre within the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks. Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre. The suburb of the same name serves as the city's central business district. In the 2021 census, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.
Tit for tat
Tit for tat is an English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation". It is an alternation of tip for tap "blow for blow", first recorded in 1558.

It is also a highly effective strategy in game theory. An agent using this strategy will first cooperate, then subsequently replicate an opponent's previous action. If the opponent previously was cooperative, the agent is cooperative. If not, the agent is not. This is similar to reciprocal altruism in biology.

Revenge
Revenge is defined as committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. Vengeful forms of justice, such as primitive justice or retributive justice, are often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as distributive justice or restorative justice.
Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria
Luitpold (or Liutpold) (modern Leopold) (died 4 July 907), perhaps of the Huosi family or related to the Carolingian dynasty by Liutswind, mother of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, was the ancestor of the Luitpolding dynasty which ruled Bavaria and Carinthia until the mid-tenth century.

Arnulf of Carinthia
Arnulf of Carinthia (c. 850 – 8 December 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle Emperor Charles the Fat to become the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887, the disputed king of Italy from 894, and the disputed emperor from 22 February 896 until his rival Lambert's death in late 898. He died on 8 December 899 at Ratisbon just a year later, in Bavaria. He was the last member of the Carolingian dynasty from the male line to rule in Italy as both King and Emperor, despite his rule being contested by his rivals Lambert of Italy and his cousin Berengar I of Italy.
Tour Sequoia
Tour Sequoia (previously known as tour Bull, and also known as tour SFR or tour Cegetel) is an office skyscraper located in La Défense business district just west of Paris, France.

Built in 1990, the 119-metre-tall tower represents the transition between the third and the fourth generations of buildings in La Défense. It is the first tower to be built with a semi-circular design in the business district. The design later inspired other towers such as CBC, Kupka, Pacific, Société Générale twin towers, and Tour CBX. Tour Sequoia has been built in proximity with the CNIT and the Grande Arche.

Tours Société Générale
Société Générale Twin Towers are two office skyscrapers located in La Défense, a high-rise business district, and in Nanterre, France, west of Paris. Their exterior designs are identical. They are the second tallest twin towers in the EU and Europe’s third tallest twin towers after City of Capitals in Moscow and Les Mercuriales twin towers in Paris.

The towers were built and opened in 1995 to become the head office of the Société Générale, one of France's largest banking groups. Before the twin towers were constructed, Société Générale's headquarters were located in Paris.
Giovanni Michele Graneri
Giovanni Michele Graneri (1708 in Turin – 1762 in Turin) was a painter of genre scenes or Bamboccio scenes. He was a pupil of Domenico Olivieri.

Among his works is the Lottery Drawing at Piazza del Erbe. This painting shows a crowded marketplace, as does his Market at Piazza San Carlo.

Bamboccianti
The Bamboccianti were genre painters active in Rome from about 1625 until the end of the seventeenth century. Most were Dutch and Flemish artists who brought existing traditions of depicting peasant subjects from sixteenth-century Netherlandish art with them to Italy, and generally created small cabinet paintings or etchings of the everyday life of the lower classes in Rome and its countryside.

Typical subjects include food and beverage sellers, farmers and milkmaids at work, soldiers at rest and play, and beggars, or, as Salvator Rosa lamented in the mid-seventeenth century, "rogues, cheats, pickpockets, bands of drunks and gluttons, scabby tobacconists, barbers, and other 'sordid' subjects." Despite their lowly subject matter, the works found appreciation among elite collectors and fetched high prices.
Russell A. Rourke
Russell A. Rourke (December 30, 1931 – January 19, 2003) was an American lawyer and public official. He served in key staff positions on Capital Hill and in senior executive positions within the Federal Government. President Ronald Reagan appointed him to serve as the fifteenth Secretary of the Air Force.

Georgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment, with over 2,000 students. It frequently receives the most full-time applications of any law school in the United States. Georgetown is considered part of the T14, an unofficial designation in the legal community of the best 14 law schools in the United States.

The school's campus is less than a mile from the U.S. Capitol Building and U.S. Supreme Court. Prominent alumni include 11 current members of the United States Congress, federal and state judges, billionaires, and diplomats.
Cantor–Bernstein theorem
In set theory and order theory, the Cantor–Bernstein theorem states that the cardinality of the second type class, the class of countable order types, equals the cardinality of the continuum. It was used by Felix Hausdorff and named by him after Georg Cantor and Felix Bernstein. Cantor constructed a family of countable order types with the cardinality of the continuum, and in his 1901 inaugural dissertation Bernstein proved that such a family can have no higher cardinality.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Routing in cellular networks
Network routing in a cellular network deals with the challenges of traditional telephony such as switching and call setup.

Most cellular network routing issues in different cells can be attributed to the multiple access methods used for transmission. The location of each mobile phone must be known to reuse a given band of frequencies in different cells and forms space-division multiple access (SDMA).

Handover
In cellular telecommunications, handover, or handoff, is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another channel. In satellite communications it is the process of transferring satellite control responsibility from one earth station to another without loss or interruption of service.
Panther Mountain (New York)
Panther Mountain is one of the Catskill High Peaks, located in the Town of Shandaken in Ulster County, New York. At approximately 3,720 feet (1,130 m) in elevation, it is the 18th highest in the range. A combination of factors has led some geologists to believe the mountain is on the site of an ancient meteorite impact crater.

Its proximity to Slide Mountain, the highest Catskill peak, the relatively short distance required to climb the mountain from the south and the excellent views available from the mountain and nearby Giant Ledge have made Panther one of the most popular hikes in the range. Aspiring members of the Catskill Mountain 3500 Club must climb it twice, at least once during winter.

Trail blazing
Trail blazing or way marking is the practice of marking paths in outdoor recreational areas with signs or markings that follow each other at certain, though not necessarily exactly defined, distances and mark the direction of the trail.

A blaze in the beginning meant "a mark made on a tree by slashing the bark" (The Canadian Oxford Dictionary). Originally a waymark was "any conspicuous object which serves as a guide to travellers; a landmark" (Oxford English Dictionary). Today, paint (most prevalent), carvings, affixed markers, posts, flagging, cairns, and crosses, are commonly used.

Blaze frequency and recognizability varies significantly. In some wilderness areas, such as those governed by the US Wilderness Act requiring that the land seem "untrammeled by man," blazes are kept to a minimum. Alternatively, highly utilized public areas, such as busy municipal, county, or state parks, will use frequent and highly visible blazes to maximize trail recognition.
Oliver Wakeman
Oliver Wakeman (born 26 February 1972) is an English musician and composer.  He was a member of Yes from 2009 to 2011, filling the role of keyboardist previously held by his father, Rick Wakeman. He was the first member of the band to be born after the band's founding. Jon Davison would latter become the second.

Jon Davison
Jon Davison (born January 16, 1971) is an American singer, musician and songwriter who has been the lead vocalist of progressive rock band Yes since 2012.

He was previously the lead singer of progressive rock band Glass Hammer from 2009 to 2014, and the bass guitarist of Sky Cries Mary from 1993 to 2016, in which he was credited under his nickname of "Juano" Davison. In 2020, he and fellow Yes member Billy Sherwood created a new band, Arc of Life, which released its eponymous first studio album the following year and its second album in 2022. Davison also worked regularly with his father-in-law John Lodge (of The Moody Blues) until Lodge's death in 2025.
Sanctuary of Santa Maria dell'Acquasanta
The sanctuary of Santa Maria dell'Acquasanta or Acqua Santa (also referred to over the centuries as Santa Maria dell'Orto, Santa Maria d'Ammonte or even Madonna del Sasso) is a place of Catholic Marian worship in the city of Marino, in the Roman Castles area, in the metropolitan city of Rome Capital and suburbicarian diocese of Albano. It is currently included in the parish of the basilica of San Barnaba.

Cement render
Cement render or cement plaster is the application of a mortar mix of sand and cement, (optionally lime) and water to brick, concrete, stone, or mud brick. It is often textured, colored, or painted after application. It is generally used on exterior walls but can be used to feature an interior wall. Depending on the 'look' required, rendering can be fine or coarse, textured or smooth, natural or colored, pigmented or painted.

The cement rendering of brick, concrete and mud houses has been used for centuries to improve the appearance (and sometimes weather resistance) of exterior walls. It can be seen in different forms all over southern Europe. Different countries have their own styles and traditional colors. In the United Kingdom, cement is optional. In other countries, lime is optional. The cement in render hydrates the same way it does in concrete.
John Howard Yoder
John Howard Yoder (December 29, 1927 – December 30, 1997) was an American Mennonite theologian and ethicist best known for his defense of Christian pacifism. His most influential book was The Politics of Jesus, which was first published in 1972. Yoder was a Mennonite and wrote from an Anabaptist perspective. He spent the latter part of his career teaching at the University of Notre Dame.

In 1992, media reports emerged that Yoder had sexually abused women in preceding decades, with as many as over 50 complainants. The Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary acknowledged in a statement from 2014 that sexual abuse had taken place and it had been tolerated partly because he was the leading Mennonite theologian of his day and partly because there were not the safeguards in place that there are today.

Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus. This term is found in the New Testament only in the Gospels and Acts. Originating in the ancient Near East, the concept of a disciple is an adherent of a teacher. Discipleship is not the same as being a student in the modern sense; a disciple in the ancient biblical world actively imitated both the life and teaching of the master. It was a deliberate apprenticeship which made the fully formed disciple a living copy of the master.

The New Testament records many followers of Jesus during his ministry. Some disciples were given a mission, such as the Little Commission, the commission of the seventy in Luke's Gospel, the Great Commission after the resurrection of Jesus, or the conversion of Paul, making them apostles, charged with proclaiming the gospel (the Good News) to the world. Jesus emphasised that being his disciples would be costly.
HMAS Toowoomba (FFH 156)
HMAS Toowoomba (FFH 156) is the seventh Anzac-class frigate of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). She was laid down in 2002 by Tenix Defence and commissioned in 2005.

In 2007, Toowoomba was deployed to the Persian Gulf as part of Operation Slipper. Her second deployment to the Middle East occurred during the second half of 2009. As part of this, she became the first RAN vessel to operate with the counter-piracy Combined Task Force 151.

Mark 46 torpedo
The Mark 46 torpedo is the backbone of the United States Navy's lightweight anti-submarine warfare torpedo inventory and is the NATO standard. These aerial torpedoes are designed to attack high-performance submarines. In 1989, an improvement program for the Mod 5 to the Mod 5A and Mod 5A(S) increased its shallow-water performance. The Mark 46 was initially developed as Research Torpedo Concept I (RETORC I), one of several weapons recommended for implementation by Project Nobska, a 1956 summer study on submarine warfare.
Coeloplana loyai
Coeloplana loyai is a species of benthic comb jelly. It is known from the Red Sea and lives as an episymbiont on the mushroom corals Herpolitha limax and Ctenactis echinata. It can be differentiated from congeneric species by their host, colour, and colour pattern.

Ctenactis echinata
Ctenactis echinata is a free-living species of solitary disc coral in the family Fungiidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. This is a common species throughout its wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Harold Ballard
Harold Edwin Ballard (born Edwin Harold Ballard, July 30, 1903 – April 11, 1990) was a Canadian businessman and sportsman. Ballard was an owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) as well as their home arena, Maple Leaf Gardens. A member of the Leafs organization from 1940 and a senior executive from 1957, he became part-owner of the team in 1961 and was majority owner from February 1972 until his death. He won Stanley Cups in 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1967, all as part-owner. He was also the owner of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL) for 10 years from 1978 to 1988, winning a Grey Cup championship in 1986. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame (1977) and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame (1987). His is one of seven names to be on both the Stanley Cup and Grey Cup.

National Hockey League Players' Association
The National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA, French: Association des joueurs de la Ligue nationale de hockey (AJLNH)) is the labour union for the group of professional hockey players who are under Standard Player Contracts to the 32 member clubs in the National Hockey League (NHL) located in the United States and Canada. The association represents its membership in all matters dealing with their working conditions and contractual rights as well as serving as their exclusive collective bargaining agent.
Yaraziz
Yaraziz (Persian: يارعزيز, also Romanized as Yār‘azīz) is a village in Ahmadabad Rural District, Takht-e Soleyman District, Takab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 291, in 61 families.

Takht-e Soleyman District
Takht-e Soleyman District (Persian: بخش تخت سلیمان) is in Takab County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Takht-e Soleyman. The district is the site of the Takht-e Soleyman ("Throne of Solomon") World Heritage Site.
Adalhelm of Autun
Adalhelm of Autun (Alleaume d'Autun) was a Frankish nobleman of the late 8th and early 9th centuries from the Guilhemid family. He was the son of Thierry IV, Count of Autun, and Alda, who was possibly a daughter of Charles Martel. From one of the most prominent noble families of the Carolingian Empire, Adalhelm was closely connected to the imperial court and played a role in significant religious foundations of his era.

Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert Abbey
Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert Abbey or Gellone Abbey is a Benedictine abbey in Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Hérault in France. It was founded in 804 by an Aquitanian aristocrat of the Carolingian era, William of Gellone (c. 742-812), known in Occitan as 'Guilhelm'. It was listed as a historic monument by France in 1840 and as part of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France World Heritage Site in 1998.
Prince Vakhtang-Almaskhan of Georgia
Vakhtang (Georgian: ვახტანგი) also known as Almaskhan (ალმასხანი) (22 June 1761 – 28 October 1814) was a Georgian prince royal (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty, born to King Heraclius II and Queen Darejan Dadiani. He distinguished himself in the war with Iran in 1795 and was then active in opposition to his half-brother George XII of Georgia and the newly established Russian administration in Georgia. In 1802 he surrendered to the Russian authorities and spent the rest of his life in St. Petersburg, working on an overview of Georgia's history. In Russia he was known as the tsarevich Vakhtang Irakliyevich Gruzinsky (Russian: Вахтанг Ираклиевич Грузинский).

Gruzinsky
Gruzinsky (Russian: Грузинский; Georgian: გრუზინსკი) was a title and later the name of two different princely lines of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia, both of which received it as subjects of the Russian Empire. The name "Gruzinsky" (also spelled Gruzinski or Gruzinskii) derives from the Russian language, originally and literally meaning "of Georgia". Of the two lines, the younger one is the only line that still exists.
Clobutinol
Clobutinol is a cough suppressant formerly distributed by Boehringer Ingelheim and its licensees under the names Lomisat and Silomat, by Bioter as Biotussin, and by Violani-Farmavigor as Pertoxil. It has been withdrawn from the market worldwide.

Cold medicine
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal.

While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm.
Matsushima Prefectural Natural Park
Matsushima Prefectural Natural Park (県立自然公園松島, Kenritsu shizen kōen Matsushima) is a Prefectural Natural Park on the east coast of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. First designated for protection in 1902, the park spans the municipalities of Higashimatsushima, Matsushima, Rifu, Shichigahama, and Shiogama. The park centres upon the eponymous pine islands of Matsushima (Special Place of Scenic Beauty).

Shichigahama
Shichigahama (七ヶ浜町, Shichigahama-machi) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2020, the town had an estimated population of 18,447, and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2 in 6,681 households. The total area of the town is 13.19 square kilometres (5.09 sq mi).
96th Street (Manhattan)
96th Street is a major two-way street on the Upper East Side and Upper West Side sections of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs in two major sections: between FDR Drive and Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side, and between Central Park West and the Henry Hudson Parkway on the Upper West Side. The two segments are connected by the 97th Street transverse across Central Park, which links the disconnected segments of 96th and 97th Streets on each side.

96th Street is one of the 15 hundred-foot-wide (30 m) crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan. On Manhattan's West Side, 96th Street is the northern boundary of the New York City steam system, the largest such system in the world, which pumps 30 billion pounds of steam into 100,000 buildings south of the street. (The northern boundary on the East Side is 89th Street.)

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
Nathan Manufacturing
Nathan Manufacturing, Inc. is a division of Micro Precision Group which manufactures Airchime, Ltd. train horns mainly for North America. It is one of two major train horn manufacturers in the United States, with Leslie Controls, Inc. being the other.

EMD SD70 series
The EMD SD70 is a series of diesel-electric locomotives manufactured by Electro-Motive Diesel. This locomotive family is an extension and improvement of the EMD SD60 series. Production commenced in late 1992 and since then over 5,700 units have been produced; most of these are the SD70M, SD70MAC, and SD70ACe models. While the majority of the production was ordered for use in North America, various models of the series have been used worldwide. All locomotives of this series are hood units with C-C trucks, except the SD70ACe-P4 and SD70MACH which have a B1-1B wheel configuration, and the SD70ACe-BB, which has a B+B-B+B wheel arrangement.

Superseding the HT-C truck, a new bolsterless radial HTCR truck was fitted to all EMD SD70s built 1992–2002; in 2003 the non-radial HTSC truck (basically the HTCR made less costly by removing radial components) was made standard on the SD70ACe and SD70M-2 models; the radial HTCR truck remained available as an option.