hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harvard Musical Association
The Harvard Musical Association is a private charitable organization founded by Harvard University graduates in 1837 for the purposes of advancing musical culture and literacy, both at the university and in the city of Boston. Though initially a spin-off of the Pierian Sodality, the association broke its ties with Harvard soon after its founding. The association's most important notable accomplishments include the creation of the country's finest music library of the time, the sponsorship of the first professional and public chamber music series in the United States, the erection of the Boston Music Hall, and the formation of the orchestra which ultimately gave rise to the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The association's library catalog may be searched on OCLC with the initials HVDMA.

Arthur Foote
Arthur William Foote (March 5, 1853 in Salem, Massachusetts – April 8, 1937 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an American classical composer, and a member of the "Boston Six." The other five were George Whitefield Chadwick, Amy Beach, Edward MacDowell, John Knowles Paine, and Horatio Parker.
Luka Jović
Luka Jović (Serbian Cyrillic: Лука Јовић; born 23 December 1997) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Super League Greece club AEK Athens and the Serbia national team.

He began his youth career at Red Star Belgrade before making his senior debut in May 2014. He then had stints at Benfica, Eintracht Frankfurt, Real Madrid, Fiorentina, and AC Milan, before signing for AEK Athens in 2025. Internationally, Jović has represented Serbia since 2018, earning over 45 caps and scoring 11 goals, and has played in major tournaments including the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups and UEFA Euro 2024.

2015–16 Primeira Liga
The 2015–16 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga NOS for sponsorship reasons) was the 82nd season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. The fixtures were determined by draw on 4 July 2015. The season began on 14 August 2015 and concluded on 15 May 2016.

Benfica won their third consecutive and 35th overall title, after beating Nacional 4–1 in their last match. They finished the league with a record 88 points in 34 matches (from 29 wins and one draw), two points more than runners-up Sporting CP.

Tondela and União da Madeira entered the season as the two promoted teams from the 2014–15 Segunda Liga. On the last matchday, both teams were at risk of returning to the second division, but the combination of their results dictated União da Madeira's relegation alongside Académica.
MR 41
The MR 41 is a French-built nuclear warhead to be launched with the M1 and M2 missiles in Redoutable class ballistic missile submarines.

It had a yield of 500 kilotons and was boosted fission warhead based on highly enriched uranium combined with deuterium and tritium.

Entering service in 1972 it was withdrawn from service by the end of 1979, being replaced by TN 60 thermonuclear warheads.

M2 (missile)
The M2 MSBS was the second French submarine-launched ballistic missile. In French, MSBS is the abbreviation for Mer-Sol Balistique Stratégique, or Sea-Ground Strategic Ballistic Missile. It has two stages. It was deployed on the Redoutable-class SNLEs (Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins) (Device-launching Nuclear Submarine) or SSBNs from 1974 to 1978, replacing the M1 MSBS. The M2 was itself replaced by the M20 MSBS beginning in 1977.
Anatoliy Yevdokymenko
Anatoliy Kyrylovych Yevdokymenko (Ukrainian: Анато́лій Кири́лович Євдоки́менко; 20 January 1942 – 23 October 2002) was a Ukrainian musician, director of Chervona Ruta. He is a People's Artist of Ukraine, husband of Sofia Rotaru (marriage: 22 September 1968).

Graduated from the Physics and Mathematics department of the Chernivtsi University.

He was producer and scenario writer for most of concert programmes and tours of Sofia Rotaru.

In 2003, the street where he lived in Chernivtsi was named after his name.

People's Artist of Ukraine
People's Artist of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Народний артист України, romanized: Narodnyi artyst Ukrainy) is an honorary title awarded by the government of Ukraine. It is the highest title awarded to outstanding performing artists whose merits are exceptional in the sphere of the development of the performing arts, including theatre, music, dance, circus, and cinema. For visual arts, there is a separate title.
GPSBabel
GPSBabel is a cross-platform, free software to transfer routes, tracks, and waypoint data to and from consumer GPS units, and to convert between GPS data formats. It has a command-line interface and a graphical interface for Windows, macOS, and  Linux users.

GPSBabel is part of many Linux distributions including Debian and Fedora, and also part of the Fink and Homebrew systems for getting Unix software on macOS.

Fink (software)
The Fink project is an effort to port and package open-source Unix programs to macOS. Fink uses dpkg and APT (Debian's package management system), as well as its own frontend program, fink (which is implemented as a set of Perl modules).
Hellenistic glass
Hellenistic glass  was glass produced during the Hellenistic period (4th century BC – 5th century AD) in the Mediterranean, Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. Glassmaking at this time was based on the technological traditions of the Classical antiquity and the Late Bronze Age, but was marked by  transition from limited production of luxury objects made for the social elite to mass production of affordable glass vessels used by the broader public to satisfy everyday needs.

After the introduction of translucent and transparent glass, attempts were made to mimic precious and semi-precious stones, as well as rock crystal.

Glassblowing
Glassblowing is a glassforming technique that involves inflating molten glass into a bubble (or parison) with the aid of a blowpipe (or blow tube). A person who blows glass is called a glassblower, while the head of a glassblowing workshop is known as a gaffer. A lampworker (often also called a glassblower or glassworker) manipulates glass with the use of a torch on a smaller scale, such as in producing precision laboratory glassware out of borosilicate glass.
FOR-A
FOR-A Company Limited (株式会社朋栄, Kabushikigaisha Hōei) is a Japanese manufacturer of professional broadcast video and audio equipment. Founded in 1971, FOR-A has spread globally, with subsidiaries in America, Canada, Korea, Italy, United Kingdom, India, Hong Kong, Middle East and Africa.

FOR-A manufactures 4K variable-rate, slow-motion digital video cameras,  digital video switchers, signal processing equipment, broadcast graphics products (such as virtual processors and studios), multi-viewers, frame synchronizers and time base correctors, HD/SD converters, and video stabilizers.

Vision mixer
A vision mixer is a device used to select between different live video sources and, in some cases, compositing live video sources together to create visual effects.

In most of the world, both the equipment and its operator are called a vision mixer or video mixer; however, in the United States, the equipment is called a video switcher, production switcher or video production switcher, and its operator is known as a technical director.

The role of the vision mixer for video is similar to what a mixing console does for audio. Typically a vision mixer would be found in a video production environment such as a production control room of a television studio, production truck or post-production facility.
Marketization
Marketisation or marketization is a restructuring process that enables state enterprises to operate as market-oriented firms by changing the legal environment in which they operate.

This is achieved through reduction of state subsidies, organizational restructuring of management (corporatization), decentralization and in some cases partial privatization. These steps, it is argued, will lead to the creation of a functioning market system by converting the previous state enterprises to operate under market pressures as state-owned commercial enterprises.

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Jean-Pierre Kucheida
Jean-Pierre Kucheida (born 24 February 1943 in Liévin) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the 12th constituency of the Pas-de-Calais département, and is a member of the Socialist Party which is affiliated to the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group. He is of Polish descent.

Poles in France
Poles in France form one of the largest Polish diaspora communities in Europe. Between 500,000 and one million people of Polish descent live in France, concentrated in the Nord-Pas de Calais region, in the metropolitan area of Lille, the historic coal-mining basin (Bassin Minier) around Lens and Valenciennes and in the Ile-de-France.

Prominent members of the Polish community in France have included king Stanisław Leszczyński, Frédéric Chopin, Adam Mickiewicz, Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Aleksander Chodźko,  Marie Curie, Michel Poniatowski, Laurent Koscielny, Raymond Kopa, Ludovic Obraniak, Edward Gierek (who was raised there), Matt Pokora and singer Jean-Jacques Goldman and Rene Goscinny.
Fruit sector in Azerbaijan
The fruit sector in Azerbaijan is a developing industry. The sector covered 171,600 ha. of land in 2016. Grape, apple, orange, pear and pomegranate are one of the major crops in fruit production in Azerbaijan.

Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region
Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region (Azerbaijani: Şəki-Zaqatala iqtisadi rayonu) is one of the 14 economic regions of Azerbaijan. It borders Russia to the north and Georgia to the west, as well as the economic regions of Quba-Khachmaz, Mountainous Shirvan, Central Aran, and Ganja-Dashkasan. The region consists of the districts of Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Shaki, Oghuz and Qabala. It has an area of 8,840 square kilometres (3,410 sq mi). Its population was estimated to be at 630.4 thousand people in January 2021.
History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent
Many European trading companies came to India's during the 18th century. These trading companies set up private banks which issued paper currencies in Indian subcontinent first. But these notes were text-based. Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning first introduced paper currency in Indian subcontinent in 1861 officially.

India has a rich tradition of financial instruments and hundi. In the modern sense, paper currency was introduced in India in the last half of the eighteenth century when private and semi-public banks began to introduce currency. The Paper Currency Act, 1861 gave the Government of India the exclusive right to print and circulate banknotes and thereby abolishes the printing and circulation of banknotes by the private Presidency Banks. Until the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India on 1 April 1935, the Government of India continued to print and issue banknotes.

Hundi
A hundi or hundee is a financial instrument that was developed in Medieval India for use in trade and credit transactions. Hundis are used as a form of remittance instrument to transfer money from place to place, as a form of credit instrument or IOU to borrow money and as a bill of exchange in trade transactions. The Reserve Bank of India describes the hundi as "an unconditional order in writing made by a person directing another to pay a certain sum of money to a person named in the order."
2019 Tour de la Provence
The 2019 Tour de la Provence was a road cycling stage race that took place between 14 and 17 February 2019. The race was rated as a 2.1 event as part of the 2019 UCI Europe Tour, and was the fourth edition of the Tour de la Provence.

The race was won by Spanish rider Gorka Izagirre of the Astana team, winning by less than a second ahead of Australian rider Simon Clarke.

Tour de la Provence
The Tour de la Provence is an early-season bicycle stage race in the Provence region of France. It is organized by southern French newspaper La Provence, which serves as the race's title sponsor for its first three years. It is held in February, as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour calendar. and became part of the UCI ProSeries in 2020. La Provence has entrusted the organization of the event to Serge Pascal, who also organizes the Tour du Haut Var. The inaugural edition of 2016 was won by Thomas Voeckler.
Es goyobod
Es goyobod is an Sundanese drink from Indonesia. The origin of coconut milk based cold beverage similar to es campur.  It is made with shaved ice, coconut milk, sugar syrup, and jellied mung bean starch known as hunkwe. Other ingredients may include avocado and shredded coconut.

Sundanese cuisine
Sundanese cuisine (Indonesian: Hidangan Sunda; Sundanese: ᮃᮞᮊᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Asakan Sunda) is the cuisine of the Sundanese people of Western Java and Banten, Indonesia. Sundanese food is characterised by its freshness; the well-known lalab eaten with sambal and also karedok demonstrate the Sundanese fondness for fresh raw vegetables. Unlike the rich and spicy taste, infused with coconut milk and curry, of Minangkabau cuisine, Sundanese cuisine has a simple and clear taste, ranging from savoury salty to fresh sourness to mild sweetness to hot and spicy.

Sambal terasi is the most important and the most common condiment in Sundanese cuisine, and is eaten together with lalab or fried tofu and tempeh. Sayur asem vegetable tamarind soup is a common vegetable soup in Sundanese cuisine. Common soups containing meat are soto Bandung, a soup of beef and daikon radish, and mie kocok noodle soup with beef meat and kikil.
2023 UCI Trials World Championships
The 2023 UCI Trials World Championships are being held in Glasgow, Scotland between 9 and 12 August 2023. Ordinarily held as part of the UCI Urban Cycling World Championships, in this year they form part of the larger 2023 UCI World Cycling Championships.

UCI Trials World Championships
The UCI Trials World Championships are the world championship events in trials organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of world cycling. The first three finishers in each category are awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals. The winner of each category is also entitled to wear the rainbow jersey in events in that category until the following year's World Championships.
Descending branch of occipital artery
The descending branch of occipital artery, the largest branch of the occipital, descends on the back of the neck, and divides into a superficial and deep portion.

The superficial portion runs beneath the splenius, giving off branches which pierce that muscle to supply the trapezius and anastomose with the ascending branch of the transverse cervical.

The deep portion runs down between the semispinales capitis and colli, and anastomoses with the vertebral and with the a. profunda cervicalis, a branch of the costocervical trunk.

The anastomosis between these vessels assists in establishing the collateral circulation after ligature of the common carotid or subclavian artery.

Transverse cervical artery
The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck or transversa colli artery) is an artery in the neck and a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery.
2010 Golden Gala
The 2010 Golden Gala was the 30th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Rome, Italy. Held on 10 June at Stadio Olimpico, it was the fourth leg of the 2010 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

Golden Gala
Golden Gala is an annual track and field event normally held at the Olympic Stadium in Rome, Italy. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the Diamond League.  Following the 2013 death of Italian sprinting legend Pietro Mennea, the organizers added his name to the title of the meet.

The 2021 and 2023 events were temporarily relocated to Florence.
Rimsting
Rimsting (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪmstɪŋ]) is a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the shore of Lake Chiemsee between the municipalities of Prien am Chiemsee and Bad Endorf.

Prien am Chiemsee
Prien am Chiemsee (German pronunciation: [ˈpʁiːn ʔam ˈkiːmzeː] ⓘ, lit. 'Prien on the Chiemsee'; officially Prien a.Chiemsee) is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Rosenheim in Germany. Located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Rosenheim, the town is a certified air and Kneipp spa on the western shore of Chiemsee, Bavaria's largest lake.

The name of Prien is derived from the Celtic denomination of the river Prien (Brigenna, 'coming from the mountains').
Fort du Bois d'Oye
Fort Bois d'Oye, also known as Fort Eblé, is located in the commune of Bermont. It was built between 1883 and 1886. It is part of the second ring of fortifications around the city of Belfort in northeastern France. This second ring of forts was built as part of the Séré de Rivières system and incorporated improvements to deal with the improvement in efficacy of artillery in the late 19th century.

Séré de Rivières system
The Séré de Rivières system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 along the frontiers, ridges and coasts of France. The fortifications were named after their architect, Brigadier-General Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières. The fortresses were obsolescent by 1914 but were used during the First World War.
G.S. Nireas Lamias
Nireas Lamias is an aquatic sports club, founded in 1998, in Lamia, Greece. As of the 2013-2014 season, the club participates in the A1 Division replacing NO Chania, which withdrew from the championship. In the 2014-15 season Nireas Lamias was relegated to A2 Ethniki.

Lamia (city)
Lamia (Greek: Λαμία, Lamía, pronounced [laˈmi.a]) is a city in central Greece. The city dates back to antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region (comprising five regional units). According to the 2021 census, the Municipality of Lamia has a population of 66,657, while Lamia itself has 47,529 inhabitants. The city is located on the slopes of Mount Othrys, near the river Spercheios. It serves as the agricultural center of a fertile rural and livestock area.
Army of the Rhine (1870)
The Army of the Rhine (French: Armée du Rhin) was a French military unit that fought in the Franco-Prussian War. It was created after the declaration of war on July 18 1870.

The unit participated in combats in Lorraine, then divided to form a second army, the Army of Châlons.

The Army of the Rhine surrendered on 27 October at the Siege of Metz.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Collins Base
The Collins base is an Antarctic shelter located in the Collins Glacier that is in the Collins Bay in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island. It was inaugurated at the 2006–2007 season and is administrated by the Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH).

It has capacity for two persons in summer, and it is used for scientific research. It has communications with VHF radio and the logistical support comes from the Profesor Julio Escudero Base by sea.

The base replaced one with the same name, built in 1969, was given to the Uruguayan Antarctic Institute in 1984 and dismantled in 1989, located in what today is the Artigas Base from Uruguay.

King George Island (South Shetland Islands)
King George Island (Argentinian Spanish: Isla 25 de Mayo, Brazilian Portuguese: Ilha do Rei George, Chilean Spanish: Isla Rey Jorge, Russian: Ватерло́о Vaterloo) is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, lying 120 km (75 miles) off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean.  The island was named after King George III.
San Miguel de Socorro
San Miguel de Socorro is the Catholic church in Socorro, New Mexico, built on the ruins of the old Nuestra Señora de Socorro mission.  The old mission was built around 1627, but was destroyed  in 1680 during the Pueblo Revolt. A portion of the adobe wall of the old church remains today and still can be seen behind glass just left of the altar.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

San Miguel is administered by the Archdiocese of Santa Fe.

Archdiocese of Santa Fe
The Archdiocese of Santa Fe (Latin: Archidioecesis Sanctae Fidei in America Septentrionali, Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Santa Fe) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the southwestern region of the United States in the state of New Mexico.

While the mother church of the archdiocese, the Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, is in the city of Santa Fe, its administrative center is in the city of Albuquerque, approximately sixty miles away. The current archbishop is John Charles Wester, who was installed on June 4, 2015.

The archdiocese filed for bankruptcy in 2019, followed by a bankruptcy plan in 2022.
Thomas Wizenmann
Thomas Wizenmann (1759 – 1787) was a German philosopher of the Enlightenment, a critic of Kant and Mendelssohn during the Pantheism controversy. He wrote  Die Resultate der Jacobischer und Mendelsohnischen Philosophie kritisch erläutert von einem Freywilligen. Wizenmann was a follower of F. H. Jacobi, a critic of Enlightenment Rationalism.

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (/dʒəˈkoʊbi/; German: [jaˈkoːbi]; 25 January 1743 – 10 March 1819) was a German philosopher, writer and socialite. He is best known for popularizing the concept of nihilism. He promoted the idea that it is the necessary result of Enlightenment thought and the philosophical systems of Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling.

Jacobi advocated Glaube (variously translated as faith or "belief") and Offenbarung (revelation) instead of speculative reason. According to one view, Jacobi can be seen to have anticipated present-day writers who criticize secular philosophy as relativistic and dangerous for religious faith. His aloofness from the Sturm and Drang movement was the basis of a brief friendship with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

He was the younger brother of poet Johann Georg Jacobi and the father of the great psychiatrist Maximilian Jacobi.