hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visual cycle
The visual cycle is a process in the retina that replenishes the molecule retinal for its use in vision. Retinal is the chromophore of most visual opsins, meaning it captures the photons to begin the phototransduction cascade. When the photon is absorbed, the 11-cis retinal photoisomerizes into all-trans retinal as it is ejected from the opsin protein. Each molecule of retinal must travel from the photoreceptor cell to the RPE and back in order to be refreshed and combined with another opsin. This closed enzymatic pathway of 11-cis retinal is sometimes called Wald's visual cycle after George Wald (1906–1997), who received the Nobel Prize in 1967 for his work towards its discovery.

George Wald
George Wald (November 18, 1906 – April 12, 1997) was an American scientist and activist who studied pigments in the retina.  He won a share of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit.

In 1970, Wald predicted that “civilization will end within 15 or 30 years unless immediate action is taken against problems facing mankind.”
Route des Crêtes
Thé Route des Crêtes (French pronunciation: [ʁut de kʁɛt]; English: Route of the Ridges) is an 89 km (55 mi) road in the Vosges Mountains in Eastern France, which passes through the Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges. It connects Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (north) with Cernay (south) and runs on the border of the departements of Haut-Rhin (68) and Vosges (88). Most of the route is at an elevation in excess of 950 m (3,117 ft), with the highest point being at the Col du Grand Ballon (1,343 m (4,406 ft)). The road is generally open from April to November, but most of the route is closed in the winter by snow.

Hartmannswillerkopf
Hartmannswillerkopf, also known as the Vieil Armand (French) or Hartmannsweiler Kopf (German; English: Hartmansweiler Head) is a pyramidal rocky spur in the Vosges mountains of the Grand Est region, France. The peak stands at 956 metres (3,136 ft) overlooking the Rhine valley. At Hartmannswillerkopf stands a national monument of World War I for the fighting which took place in the trenches there.
Gang of Ghosts
Gang of Ghosts is a 2014 Hindi horror comedy film, produced by Venus Records & Tapes Pvt Ltd and The Satish Kaushik Entertainment. Directed by Satish Kaushik, it is a remake of Bengali film Bhooter Bhabishyat (Future of The Ghosts).

Chunky Panday
Suyash Panday (born 26 September 1962), better known by his stage name Chunky Panday, is an Indian actor who primarily appears in Hindi-language films. He made his acting debut in 1987 with the film Aag Hi Aag and gained recognition for his supporting role as Babban in Tezaab (1988), which earned him a Filmfare nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, Panday appeared in several successful multi-starrer films, including Paap Ki Duniya, Khatron Ke Khiladi, Vishwatma, Aankhen, and Lootere.
East Broad Top Railroad Mikado locomotives
The East Broad Top Railroad owns six three-foot gauge Mikado locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works. These engines original to the railroad have survived from their construction to the present day, with various members of the fleet having run in steam for excursion train service on the preserved route.

Federal Railroad Administration
The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The agency was created by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966. The purpose of the FRA is to promulgate and enforce rail safety regulations, administer railroad assistance programs, conduct research and development in support of improved railroad safety and national rail transportation policy, provide for the rehabilitation of Northeast Corridor rail passenger service, and consolidate government support of rail transportation activities.

The FRA is one of ten agencies within DOT concerned with intermodal transportation. It operates through seven divisions under the offices of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator. These divisions are Financial Management and Administration, Chief Counsel, Civil Rights, Public Affairs, Public Engagement, Railroad Policy and Development, and Safety. It has a staff of about 850.
A.O. Trikala 1963 F.C.
Trikala 1963 F.C. was a Greek football club, based in Trikala, Trikala.

The club was founded in 2011, when Thyella Petrotou changed its name to Trikala 1963. They played in Football League 2 for the 2013–14 season, but folded after the season ended due to the club's unpopularity and ongoing dispute regarding its resemblance to Trikala F.C.

Trikala F.C.
Trikala Football Club (Greek: Αθλητικός Όμιλος Τρίκαλα, lit. 'Athletic Club Trikala'), mostly known as AO Trikala (Greek: ΑΟ Τρίκαλα), is a Greek semi-professional football club based in the city of Trikala, in central Greece. The club currently competes in the Gamma Ethniki, the third tier of Greek football.
Trifolium kentuckiense
Trifolium kentuckiense is a critically imperiled species of clover endemic to the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is commonly known as Kentucky clover. It is found only in Franklin and Woodford counties in Kentucky and is considered to be highly endangered.

It is similar in appearance to non-native Trifolium pratense, but can be distinguished before blooming by longer petioles and lack of pubescence (hairs) on the upper surface of the leaf. Unlike related species Trifolium reflexum, it grows best in highly basic limestone soils.

Trifolium reflexum
Trifolium reflexum, the buffalo clover, is a species of clover native to the Eastern United States. It is found in areas of natural openings including woodlands, glades, and prairies, often in acidic areas. It is an annual or biennial that produces white to dark pink flowers in the late spring.

Early in the European colonization of the Americas, clover species, likely including T. reflexum as well as related species such as T. stoloniferum, were recorded as forming a major component of the plant life in meadows and open woodlands, often in association with river cane, nettles, and other legumes.

Like many native clovers of the Eastern United States, Trifolium reflexum's populations have declined considerably in the past 200 years. For this species, fire suppression is indicated as a significant cause for decline. Controlled burns have been found to stimulate seed germination in T. reflexum.
Alt Empordà fires of 2012
On July 22, 2012 two fires in Alt Empordà, Catalonia, Spain started in la Jonquera and in Portbou that affected the Girona Province for three days.  The first started during midday; it has affected 13,800 hectares (included in this are some 3,000 hectares of crops that have not burned) 19 municipalities and caused two deaths. The fire of Portbou, moreover, began at 19:00 and was controlled in a few hours, burning 50 hectares and killing two people trying to flee the encroaching flames by jumping from the cliffs into the sea.  In total, 3,200 residents were left without electricity and 1,700 without phone.

Alt Empordà
Alt Empordà (Catalan: [ˈal əmpuɾˈða]; Spanish: Alto Ampurdán; "Upper Empordà") is a comarca (county) located in the Girona region, in Catalonia, Spain. It is one of two comarques into which Empordà was divided by the comarca division of Catalonia in 1936, the other one being Baix Empordà. The capital is the municipality of Figueres.
HCP EL.200
EL.200 was a series of four electric locomotives manufactured at the H. Cegielski factory in Poznań in 1937 for Polish State Railways. All the locomotives were assigned to serve the Warsaw Railway Junction. Three of the locomotives were destroyed in September 1939, and the fourth operated until 1944. The last EL.200 locomotive was scrapped in 1958.

PKP class EW51
EW51 (originally series 91 000/92 000, later on E400/E500, E93, and E51) was a three-car electric multiple unit, produced by the Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein plants in Warsaw (mechanical parts of motor cars), H. Cegielski Spółka Akcyjna in Poznań and L. Zieleniewski in Sanok (control cars and trailer cars) in the years 1936–1939. Electrical equipment was supplied by English Electric. The units were intended for suburban traffic in the Warsaw area. Before the war, the units had second- and third-class compartments. A total of 76 units were produced. Currently, the only surviving vehicle, EW51-36, is the property of the Museum Station in Warsaw. Restoration was completed in January 2019.
SV Ried
SV Ried, commonly known as SV Oberbank Ried for sponsorship reasons, is an Austrian association football club based in Ried im Innkreis, Upper Austria. The team plays its home matches at Josko Arena, a stadium with a capacity of 7,680. The team will play in the Austrian Football Bundesliga, the top tier of the Austrian football league system, following promotion in the 2024–25 Austrian 2. Liga season.

2. Liga (Austria)
The Second League (German: 2. Liga), commonly known as Admiral 2. Liga for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest professional division in Austrian football.

The division currently contains 16 teams, and the champion of the league is promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga if it is not a reserve team. The three bottom teams are directly relegated from the Second League into the Regional leagues.
Hinton train collision
The Hinton train collision was a railway accident that occurred in what is now Yellowhead County, Alberta, Canada, on February 8, 1986.  Twenty-three people were killed when a Canadian National Railway freight train collided with a Via Rail passenger train named the Super Continental.

A 56-day public inquiry concluded that the collision was caused by the freight crew failing to stop their train in time because of incapacitation or other unknown factors. The commission report also highlighted serious flaws in the culture and safety practices at Canadian National Railway.

EMD F7
The EMD F7 is a model of 1,500-horsepower (1,100 kW) diesel-electric locomotive produced between February 1949 and December 1953 by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors (EMD) and General Motors Diesel (GMD).

Although originally promoted by EMD as a freight-hauling unit, the F-series, including the F7 were also capable of passenger service, and used in hauling trains such as the Santa Fe Railway's high-speed flagship trains, the Super Chief, & El Capitan, and the Ontario Northland's Northlander.
1948 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1948 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 16 May 1948 and ended on 5 September 1948.

Kilkenny were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Waterford won the All-Ireland crown for the first time in their history, following a 6–7 to 4–2 defeat of Dublin in the final.

1947 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1947 was the 61st series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Kilkenny won the championship, beating Cork 0–14 to 2–7 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.
Targówek Mieszkaniowy metro station
Targówek Mieszkaniowy is a Warsaw Metro station in Warsaw's Targówek district. It is part of the extension of Line M2 from Dworzec Wileński to Targówek, with construction started in 2016. All three stations opened on September 15, 2019.

Dworzec Wileński metro station
Dworzec Wileński is an underground station on the central part of Line M2 of the Warsaw Metro.

The station fully opened for passenger use on 8 March 2015 as the eastern terminus of the inaugural stretch of Line M2 between Rondo Daszyńskiego and Dworzec Wileński. It was designed by Polish architect Andrzej M. Chołdzyński and constructed by Metroprojekt. Murals were created by Wojciech Fangor, artist of the Polish School of Posters.

The station was constructed under Plac Wileński beside Warszawa Wileńska station, with a direct interchange between them.
Cape Vincent (village), New York
Cape Vincent is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 726 at the 2010 census. The village is in the west-central part of the town of Cape Vincent and is northwest of Watertown.

Frontenac Islands
Frontenac Islands is a township located in Frontenac County, Ontario, Canada, that encompasses a number of islands at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River near the outlet of Lake Ontario, including Arabella, Bayfield, Black Ant, Garden, Goose, Hickory, Horseshoe, Howe, Wolfe, and Simcoe.

The township was formed on January 1, 1998, when Howe Island Township and Wolfe Island Township were merged as part of the county's reorganization.
Dogra Regiment
The Dogra Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. The regiment traces its roots directly from the 17th Dogra Regiment of the British Indian Army. When transferred to the Indian Army like its sister regiments, the numeral prefix was removed. Dogra Regiment Units Maximum filled with Rajputs And Sikh. Units of the Dogra Regiment have fought in all conflicts that independent India has been engaged in, making it one of the most prestigious and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army.

41st Dogras
The 41st Dogras was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. The regiment was raised as the 41st (Dogra) Bengal Infantry in 1900 in Jullundur by Major E.T. Gastrell.

In 1901, the regiment became the 41st Dogra Infantry; and in 1903 the 41st Dogras.

They went to China in 1904 to join an international force, staying there until 1908.
HMS Biter (P270)
HMS Biter is an Archer-class P2000-type patrol and training vessel of the British Royal Navy. She is assigned to Manchester & Salford Universities Royal Naval Unit, a Royal Naval Reserve unit based in Manchester. The ship is based at HMS Eaglet, the Royal Naval Headquarters in Liverpool. As part of her sea training programme, she often makes visits to local ports for ceremonial visits or occasions.

Archer-class patrol vessel
The Archer class (or P2000) is a class of patrol and training vessel in service with the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, commonly referred to as a "fast training boat". Most are assigned to Coastal Forces Squadron. HMS Tracker and HMS Raider are armed and provide maritime force protection to high value shipping in the Firth of Clyde and are most commonly employed as escorts for submarines transiting to Faslane. Pursuer and Dasher were also armed during their deployment on maritime force protection duties with the Gibraltar Squadron from 2020 to 2022.
FC Stade Nyonnais
FC Stade Nyonnais is an association football club based in the town of Nyon, Switzerland. The team currently competes in the Challenge League, the second tier of the Swiss football league system and plays its home matches at Stade de Colovray, where it has been since 1991. Founded in 1905, it is nicknamed the "jaune et noir" (which translates to "yellow and black") and affiliated to the Vaud Cantonal Football Association.

Promotion League
The Promotion League, named the Hoval Promotion League for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Swiss football league system. Eighteen clubs compete in the league, playing each other twice over course of the season. The champions are promoted to the second tier, the Challenge League, while the bottom two teams are relegated to the 1st League Classic.

The league forms the semi-professional bridge to amateur football.
Kushtagi Lok Sabha constituency
Kushtagi Lok Sabha constituency was a former Lok Sabha constituency in Hyderabad State, India.  This seat came into existence in 1951. With the implementation of States Reorganisation Act, 1956, it ceased to exist.

Raichur district
Raichur district is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh in the east.
Alf Erik Andersen
Alf Erik Bergstøl Andersen (born 12 August 1973) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.

Andersen was elected mayor of Mandal in 2015, heading a centre-right coalition with Ingvild Wetrhus Thorsvik as deputy mayor. Following the 2019 election, Andersen had to see Labour's Even Tronstad Sagebakken take over as mayor. Mandal municipality was also incorporated into Lindesnes municipality on 1 January 2020. The 2023 election was the first election in this new municipality, and saw Alf Erik Andersen regain his mayoral title. This time, Even Tronstad Sagebakken was deputy mayor.

In national politics, Andersen was named as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police in 2019. The Progress Party exited Solberg's Cabinet in 2020. Andersen was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway for Vest-Agder in 2021. Among others, Andersen met in Parliament as Gisle Meininger Saudland was granted an absence of leave in late 2024.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
2009 Tri Nations Series
The 2009 Tri Nations Series was the fourteenth annual Tri Nations rugby union series between the national rugby union teams of New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, respectively nicknamed the All Blacks, Wallabies, and Springboks. The Springboks secured the season crown in their final match on 12 September, defeating the defending series champion All Blacks 32–29 in Hamilton.

World Rugby Rankings
The World Rugby Rankings is a ranking system for national teams in rugby union, managed by World Rugby, the sport's governing body. The teams of World Rugby's member nations are ranked based on their game results, with the most successful teams being ranked highest. A point system is used, with points being awarded on the basis of the results of World Rugby-recognized international matches. Rankings are based on the team's performance, with more recent results and more significant matches being more heavily weighted to help reflect the current competitive state of a team. The men's ranking system was introduced the month before the 2003 Rugby World Cup, with the first new rankings issued on 8 September 2003, when they were called the "IRB Rankings".
Giant coua
The giant coua (Coua gigas) is a bird species from the coua genus in the cuckoo family that is endemic to the dry forests of western and southern Madagascar. It is suggested that couas probably originated from a particular Asian ground-cuckoo (Dinets 2007). The genus coua contains 10 species, more than any other genus in Madagascar (Moreau 1966). Although the bird is listed under least concern (LC) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, it only persists in the biological hot spot of Madagascar, warranting its recognition as a species of conservation concern at the global scale.

Coua
Couas are large, mostly terrestrial birds of the cuckoo family, endemic to the island of Madagascar.

Couas are reminiscent of African turacos when walking along tree branches, and they likewise feature brightly coloured bare skin around the eyes. Some resemble coucals in their habit of clambering through jungle while foraging, while the arboreal species move between tree canopies with gliding flight. Four species have been recorded in rainforests while the remaining six are found in the dry forests of western and southern Madagascar.

They have large feet, with a reversible third toe like all cuckoos. Their long tibia suggest a relationship with the Carpococcyx ground-cuckoos of Asia, a genus with similar nestlings. Consequently, they are sometimes united in the subfamily Couinae. Couas build their own nests and lay white eggs. Couas' calls are a short series of evenly-spaced notes, which are sometimes answered by other individuals.
Mitras metro station
Mitras Station (Spanish: Estación Mitras) is a station on Line 1 of the Monterrey Metro in Monterrey, Mexico. It is located in the intersection of Simón Bolívar and Ruiz Cortinez Avenues. This station is located in the Colon Avenue in the northeast side of the Monterrey Centre. The station was opened on 25 April 1991 as part of the inaugural section of Line 1, going from San Bernabé to Exposición.

This station serves the Mitras Norte and Bernardo Reyes neighborhoods (Colonias Mitras Norte y Bernardo Reyes).  It is accessible for people with disabilities.

This station is named after the Mitras neighborhood, and its logo represents the Cerro de las Mitras ('Miter Hill').

Exposición metro station
The Exposición Station (Spanish: Terminal Exposición) is a terminal station on Line 1 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located on Juárez and  Exposición Avenues in the La Hacienda neighborhood in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico. The station was opened on 25 April 1991 as the eastern end point or terminus of the inaugural section of Line 1, going from San Bernabé to Exposición.

This station is named after the Cattle State Exposition Show grounds (Expo Ganadera de N.L.) that are located just beside the station, and its logo represents the head of a bovine.

This station is the eastern terminal of Line 1, and is multimodal: it connects with Metrobús lines that serve areas including Cadereyta and Cd. Benito Juarez and also with Transmetro (see below).
Lower Moselle
The Lower Moselle (German: Untermosel or Terrassenmosel) is the name given to the lower reaches of the Moselle river - just under 100 kilometres long - in Germany between Pünderich and the Moselle's confluence with the Rhine at Koblenz. The Lower Moselle landscape differs from that of the Middle and Upper Moselle, much of it forming a narrower valley with high and steep sides in places. On the cut banks of the river that are oriented towards the south and west, vineyards are managed, often on the tiniest, terraced strips of land on steep hillslopes.

The upgrading of the Moselle into a waterway for big ships in the 1960s has permanently changed the appearance of the river and its banks. Five changes of level between Koblenz and Zell in order to build locks for large ships have changed a riverbed that was narrow in places and wide in others with gently sloping banks into a canal-like waterway that is contained by artificial walls and rock embankments in the areas of the locks.

Zell (Mosel)
Zell (Mosel) (German pronunciation: [tsɛl] ⓘ) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Zell has roughly 4,300 inhabitants and is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Agononida alisae
Agononida alisae is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. The species name is derived from the research vessel that collected the type specimen. The research vessel it was collected on was named "Alis".

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.