hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naval Base Borneo
Naval Base Borneo and Naval Base Dutch East Indies was a number of United States Navy Advance Bases and bases of the Australian Armed Forces in Borneo and Dutch East Indies during World War II. At the start of the war, the island was divided in two: British Borneo and Dutch East Indies. Both fell to the Empire of Japan, Japan occupied British Borneo and the Dutch East Indies in 1942 until 1945.

Battle of Ambon
The Battle of Ambon (30 January – 3 February 1942) occurred on Ambon Island in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), as part of the Japanese offensive on the Dutch colony during World War II. In the face of a combined defense by Dutch and Australian troops, Japanese forces conquered the island and its strategic airfield in several days. In the aftermath of the fighting, a major massacre of many Dutch and Australian prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) followed. Following the war, many of the IJA personnel were tried for war crimes.
2010 San Marino CEPU Open
The 2010 San Marino CEPU Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the twenty second edition of the tournament which is part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in City of San Marino, San Marino between 2 and 8 August 2010.

San Marino Open (tennis)
The Internazionali di Tennis San Marino Open (formerly known as the San Marino CEPU Open and San Marino GO&FUN Open) is a professional tennis tournament played on red clay. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and has been held annually in San Marino since 1988 (as a Challenger in 1988, as a Grand Prix Regular Series tournament in 1989, as an ATP World Series tournament from 1990 to 1999, as an ATP International Series tournament in 2000, and as a Challenger again from 2001 until 2014, returned in 2021). For the first three years it was held at Centro Sportivo Serravalle before moving to its current home in 1991, the Centro Tennis Cassa di Risparmio di Fonte dell'Ovo in the City of San Marino.
Ninjutsu
Ninjutsu (忍術; [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑɯ.tsɯ]), shinobi no jutsu (忍びの術; [ɕi.no.bʲi no dʑɯ.tsɯꜜ]) and ninpō (忍法; [ɲiꜜm.poː]) are terms for the techniques and skills used by covert operatives, irregular warfare specialists and intelligence gatherers in pre-modern Japan known as ninja. Some of these techniques are recorded in ninja scrolls, several of which have been published and translated. The study of these scrolls have changed the perception of ninja and ninjutsu.

While there are martial arts schools that claim to be modern styles of ninjutsu, the historical lineage of these styles only go as far back as the 1950s.

Japanese sword mountings
Japanese sword mountings are the various housings and associated fittings (tosogu) that hold the blade of a Japanese sword when it is being worn or stored. Koshirae (拵え) refers to the ornate mountings of a Japanese sword (e.g. katana) used when the sword blade is being worn by its owner, whereas the shirasaya is a plain undecorated wooden mounting composed of a saya and tsuka that the sword blade is stored in when not being used.
Andrew M. Weiner
Andrew Marc Weiner OSA NAE NAI (Born July 25, 1958 – 2024) was an American electrical engineer, educator and researcher known for contributions to the fields of ultrafast optics and optical signal processing. He was the Scifres Family Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University.

Optica Fellow
The Optica Fellow is a membership designation of Optica (formerly known as The Optical Society (OSA)) that denotes distinguished scientific accomplishment. The bylaws of this society only allow 10% of its membership to be designated as an Optica Fellow. The Optica Fellow requires peer group nomination.
Bob Senneker
Bob Senneker (born December 12, 1944) is an American stock car racing driver from Dorr, Michigan near Grand Rapids. He is best known for racing on the American Speed Association (ASA) National Tour where he was the 1990 champion. Senneker's 85 wins were the most in series history. He has also raced in eight NASCAR Cup Series races between 1968 and 1983.

Jukasa Motor Speedway
The Jukasa Motor Speedway (formerly known as Cayuga Speedway and the Cayuga 2000 Speedway) was an auto racing track located near Cayuga in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada.

Famous stock car drivers including Dale Earnhardt, Matt Kenseth, Bobby Allison, Benny Parsons, Don Biederman and Dick Trickle have participated in racing events at Jukasa Motor Speedway on a professional level.
Mount Orient
Mount Orient, 955 feet (291 meters), is a south-facing high point on an upland plateau overlooking the Connecticut River Valley in Pelham, Massachusetts (near Amherst, Massachusetts). Although the summit is wooded, a lower, south-facing ledge of exfoliating metamorphic rock provides views of the Holyoke Range and the east-central Pioneer Valley. Both the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail and the Robert Frost Trail (Massachusetts) traverse Mount Orient. The ledge is a popular hiking destination among college students and residents of nearby Amherst. Easiest access is via the Amethyst Brook Conservation Area parking lot on Pelham Road in east Amherst.

Mount Orient drains into Heatherstone Brook and Amethyst Brook, thence into Fort River, the Connecticut River, and Long Island Sound.

Pelham, Massachusetts
Pelham is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 1,280 at the 2020 census. Its ZIP Code is shared with Amherst.

Pelham is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1923 FA Charity Shield
The 1923 FA Charity Shield was the tenth staging of the FA Charity Shield, an annual association football match arranged to raise funds for charitable causes supported by the Football Association (the FA), the governing body of football in England. Following a series of matches between club teams, the format of the competition changed in 1923 to a game between select teams of amateur and professional players. The competition used this format for the next four seasons. The match also saw the competition move from a dates in May, as had previously been used, to October. £730 was raised for charities.

The match was played on 8 October 1923 at Stamford Bridge, London, and ended as a 2–0 win for the Professionals. While the first half saw both teams competing, the superior fitness of the Professionals paid off in the second half. Both goals came after half-time, scored by Bradford and Chambers.

Stamford Bridge (stadium)
Stamford Bridge (/ˈstæmfərd/) is a football stadium in Fulham, in the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, in West London. It is the home of Premier League club Chelsea. With a capacity of 41,312, it is the twelfth-largest football stadium in England.

Opened in 1877, the stadium was used by London Athletic Club until 1905, when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since. It has undergone major changes over the years, most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern, all-seater stadium.

Stamford Bridge has hosted Charity Shield games. It has also hosted numerous other sports, such as cricket, rugby union, rugby league, speedway, greyhound racing, baseball and American football. The stadium's highest official attendance is 82,905, for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935.
Crossing (physics)
In quantum field theory, a branch of theoretical physics, crossing is the property of scattering amplitudes that allows antiparticles to be interpreted as particles going backwards in time.

Crossing states that the same formula that determines the S-matrix elements and scattering amplitudes for particle  to scatter with  and produce particle  and  will also give the scattering amplitude for  to go into , or for  to scatter with  to produce . The only difference is that the value of the energy is negative for the antiparticle.

The formal way to state this property is that the antiparticle scattering amplitudes are the analytic continuation of particle scattering amplitudes to negative energies. The interpretation of this statement is that the antiparticle is in every way a particle going backwards in time.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Balabhadra Radha Krishna
Air Marshal Balabhadra Radha Krishna, PVSM, AVSM, SC, ADC is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (the Vice Chief of Defence Staff) from 30 September 2021 till 31 March 2023. He is former Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Western Air Command. He took over the office on 1 July 2021, following the elevation of Air Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari. Previously, he served as the Director General Air (Operations) and prior to that he served as Senior Air Staff Officer of South Western Air Command.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Commonwealth District (VHSL)
The AAA Commonwealth District is a high school conference in the state of Virginia that includes schools from Stafford and Spotsylvania counties. AAA is the largest enrollment class of the Virginia High School League and also typically the most competitive level in Virginia high school sports.

The Commonwealth District schools competed in the AAA Northwest Region with the schools from the AAA Cardinal District, the AAA Cedar Run District, and the AAA Western Valley District until the 2013 VHSL District Reclassification.

Culpeper County High School
Culpeper County High School (CCHS) is a high school in Culpeper County, Virginia. The current Culpeper County High School was built in 1969, expanded in 2001 and significantly renovated between 2013 and 2015.

The Original Culpeper High School was the Ann Wingfield Building on East Street in downtown Culpeper.  In 1949, Culpeper High School was moved north of town into what is now known as Floyd T. Binns Middle School.  That building served as Culpeper High School until the late 60's.  In the fall of 1951 the school name was changed from Culpeper High School to Culpeper County High School.  In 1969, Culpeper High School was moved to its current location.
2012 in science
The year 2012 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, including the first orbital rendezvous by a commercial spacecraft, the discovery of a particle highly similar to the long-sought Higgs boson, and the near-eradication of guinea worm disease. A total of 72 successful orbital spaceflights occurred in 2012, and the year also saw numerous developments in fields such as robotics, 3D printing, stem cell research and genetics. Over 540,000 technological patent applications were made in the United States alone in 2012.

2012 was declared the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All by the United Nations. 2012 also marked Alan Turing Year, a celebration of the life and work of the English mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer scientist Alan Turing.

Mars Science Laboratory
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall objectives include investigating Mars's habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a human mission to Mars. The rover carries a variety of scientific instruments designed by an international team.
Lion Chambers
55°51′49″N 4°15′27″W﻿ / ﻿55.863508°N 4.257388°W﻿ / 55.863508; -4.257388

The Lion Chambers is a building in the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland which began construction in 1904 and was completed in 1907. It was designated as a Category A listed building in 1966. It still stands today despite it recently being abandoned due to structural weakness. The building features stonework on the exterior showing a lion's head referencing the name, as well as the upper bodies of some Judges of the court, since the building was intended to comprise mainly lawyers' offices. It was made using a somewhat experimental method of construction called the Hennebique System which involves a reinforced concrete as its main material; the technique has fallen out of favour in modern times. Whether the building will be demolished or receive funding to be refurbished remains to be seen.

Glasgow City Council
Glasgow City Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Ghlaschu) is the local authority for the Glasgow City council area, the most populous of the 32 council areas of Scotland. In its modern form it was created in 1996. Glasgow was formerly governed by a corporation, also known as the town council, from the granting of its first burgh charter in the 1170s until 1975. From 1975 until 1996 the city was governed by City of Glasgow District Council, a lower-tier authority within the Strathclyde region.

Glasgow City Council has been under no overall control since 2017, being led by a Scottish National Party minority administration. The council has its headquarters at Glasgow City Chambers in George Square, completed in 1889.
Salvadora Debayle
Ana Salvadora Debayle Sacasa de Somoza García (27 May 1895 – 1 February 1987) was the First Lady of Nicaragua during the presidency of her husband, the dictator Anastasio Somoza Garcia.

She was the mother of Lillian Somoza Debayle, Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle. She was popularly known as Doña Salvadorita and among her relatives Mama Yoya.

León, Nicaragua
León (Spanish pronunciation: [leˈon]) is the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. Founded by the Spanish as Santiago de los Caballeros de León, it is the capital and largest city of León Department. As of 2022, the municipality of León has an estimated population of 213,718.

León is located along the Río Chiquito (Chiquito River), some 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Managua, and some 18 km (11 miles) east of the Pacific Ocean coast. León has long been the political and intellectual center of the nation and its National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) was founded in 1813, making it the second oldest university in Central America. León is also an important industrial, agricultural, and commercial center for Nicaragua, exporting sugar cane, cattle, peanut, plantain, and sorghum. The city has been home to many of Nicaragua's most noteworthy poets including Rubén Darío, Alfonso Cortés and Salomón de la Selva.
Cameroonian Americans
Cameroonian American (French: Camerouno-Américains) are an ethnic group of Americans of Cameroonian descent. According to the 2010 census, in the United States there were 16,894 Americans of Cameroonian origin. According to the 2023 American Community Survey there are 90,749 Cameroonian-born people living in the United States.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Multiplication (alchemy)
Multiplication is the process in Western alchemy used to increase the potency of the philosopher's stone, elixir or projection powder. It occurs near the end of the magnum opus in order to increase the gains in the subsequent projection. George Ripley gives the following definition of multiplication:

Augmentation it is of the Elixer indeede,
In goodnes and quantitie both for white and red
Multiplication is therefore as they doe write,
That thing that doth augment medicines in each degree,
In colour, in odour, in vertue and also in quantitee.

Multiplication was also used to describe the facet of alchemy chiefly concerned with the reproduction of physical gold and silver.   Such is the case in  Henry IV's 1404 statute against the craft of multiplication (5 Hen. 4. c. 4). Henry VI began to issue patents for the practice of alchemy, but the act of Parliament against multipliers was not repealed until 1689.

Projection (alchemy)
Projection was the ultimate goal of Western alchemy. Once the philosopher's stone or powder of projection had been created, the process of projection would be used to transmute a lesser substance into a higher form; often lead into gold.

Typically, the process is described as casting a small portion of the Stone into a molten base metal.
Timothy A. Springer
Timothy "Tim" A. Springer (born February 23, 1948) is an American biochemist, immunologist, and biophysicist known for his foundational work on protein allostery, cell adhesion, vasculature, and immune regulation. He is the Latham Family Professor at Harvard Medical School in the Departments of Pediatrics and of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and a faculty member in the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Division of Hematology at the Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH). Springer is best known for discovering the first integrins, LFA-1, and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), and for elucidating how these cell adhesion molecules function in the immune system. In recent years, his laboratory has expanded to structural and mechanobiological studies of integrins, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and synthetic hydrogels designed to enhance organoid fidelity for regenerative medicine and drug discovery.

Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors).

Several types of integrins exist, and one cell generally has multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animal cells while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.
Świerki, Łódź Voivodeship
Świerki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɕfjɛrkʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Burzenin, 14 km (9 mi) south of Sieradz, and 61 km (38 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Burzenin
Burzenin [buˈʐɛnin] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Burzenin. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) south of Sieradz and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
History of early modern Italy
The history of early modern Italy roughly corresponds to the period from the Italian Renaissance to the Congress of Vienna in 1814. The following period was characterized by political and social unrest which then led to the unification of Italy, which culminated in 1861 with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy.

Stato da Màr
The Stato da Màr or Domini da Mar (lit. 'State of the Sea'  or 'Domains of the Sea'), sometimes described as a maritime empire or overseas empire, comprised the maritime and overseas territories controlled by the Republic of Venice from approximately 1000 until 1797. At various points, these territories included parts of present-day Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, and Greece—notably Istria, Dalmatia, the Ionian Islands, the Peloponnese, Crete, the Cyclades, Euboea, and Cyprus.

It was one of the three subdivisions of the Republic of Venice's possessions, the other two being the Dogado, i.e. Venice proper, and the Domini di Terraferma in northern Italy.

The overseas possessions, particularly islands such as Corfu, Crete, and Cyprus, played a critical role in Venice's commercial and military leadership. In his landmark study on the Mediterranean world in the 16th century, historian Fernand Braudel described these islands as "Venice's motionless fleet".
Index of biochemistry articles
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules.

Articles related to biochemistry include:

Calbindin
Calbindins are three different calcium-binding proteins: calbindin, calretinin and S100G. They were originally described as vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins in the intestine and kidney of chicks and mammals. They are now classified in different subfamilies as they differ in the number of Ca2+ binding EF hands.