hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Azatadine
Azatadine (Optimine) is a first-generation antihistamine and anticholinergic drug that was synthesized in 1963 by Schering-Plough, a former American pharmaceutical company. It is a nitrogen analog of cyproheptadine.

It was patented in 1967. It has been succeeded by both loratadine and desloratadine.: 53  and marketing approvals have been widely withdrawn.: 290

H1 antagonist
H1 antagonists, also called H1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions. Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines; other agents may have antihistaminergic action but are not true antihistamines.

In common use, the term "antihistamine" refers only to H1-antihistamines. Virtually all H1-antihistamines function as inverse agonists at the histamine H1-receptor, as opposed to neutral antagonists, as was previously believed.
ISO 3166-2:AT
ISO 3166-2:AT is the entry for Austria in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Austria, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for nine states.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is AT, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Austria. The second part is a digit (1–9).

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
San Martino al Tagliamento
San Martino al Tagliamento (Slovene: Šmartin; Friulian: San Martin dal Tiliment) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

San Martino al Tagliamento borders the following municipalities: Arzene, San Giorgio della Richinvelda, Sedegliano, Valvasone.

San Giorgio della Richinvelda
San Giorgio della Richinvelda (Standard Friulian: San Zorç da la Richinvelde,
Western Friulian: San 'Sors) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Pordenone. It has a population of 4,626 inhabitants.

The seven frazioni (boroughs) that compose the municipality are Rauscedo, Domanins, Cosa, Pozzo, Provesano, Aurava and San Giorgio. 
Agriculture represents the most common activity of the territory.
Karl Brück
Karl Brück (12 May 1895 – 8 June 1964) was a German Nazi Party official who served as the Party Gauleiter of the Saar between 1931 and 1933 when it was being administered by France and the United Kingdom under a League of Nations mandate. He then worked in various Party positions at the national and regional levels, lastly as the Deputy Kreisleiter (county leader) of the Saarbrücken district from September 1941 until Germany's surrender in May 1945. In 1948, he was sentenced to three years imprisonment by a denazification court.

Gauleiter
A Gauleiter (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊlaɪtɐ] ⓘ) was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
Weilerbach
Weilerbach (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪlɐbax]) is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approximately 11 km north-west of Kaiserslautern.

Weilerbach is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Weilerbach (population about 14,500).

Kaiserslautern (district)
Kaiserslautern is a district (Kreis) in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Kusel, Saarpfalz-Kreis, Donnersbergkreis, Bad Dürkheim and Südwestpfalz. The city of Kaiserslautern is almost fully enclosed by, but not belonging to the district.
Henry Tombs
Major General  Sir Henry Tombs VC KCB (10 November 1824 – 2 August 1874) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Bengal Army
The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.

It was formed in 1756 and underwent various re-organisations, including the creation of irregular infantry and cavalry regiments during the 1840s. It was originally recruited from high-caste Hindus but more diversity was introduced after 1857.

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company (EIC) until the Government of India Act 1858, passed in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown. In 1895 the three presidency armies were merged into the British Indian Army.
Julian-Drew Building
The Julian-Drew Building is a historic building in Tucson, Arizona. It was built in 1937 by A.C. Rosewell for businessmen William Armine Julian and W. E. Drew. Tenants included a car dealership called the Tucson Overland Company and a hotel called the Lewis Hotel. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 29, 1996.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Pima County, Arizona
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pima County, Arizona.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 210 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 4 that are also National Historic Landmarks.  Three properties formerly listed have been removed from the National Register.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Communicating X-machine
The communicating (stream) X-machine is a model of computation introduced by various researchers in the 1990s to model systems composed of communicating agents.  The model exists in several variants, which are either based directly on Samuel Eilenberg's X-machine or on Gilbert Laycock's later Stream X-Machine.

Model of computation
In computer science, and more specifically in computability theory and computational complexity theory, a model of computation is a model that describes how an output of a mathematical function is computed given an input. A model of computation describes how units of computations, memories, and communications are organized. The computational complexity of an algorithm can be measured given a model of computation. Using a model allows studying the performance of algorithms independently of the variations that are specific to particular implementations and specific technology.
Cosmic space
In mathematics, particularly topology, a cosmic space is any topological space that is a continuous image of some separable metric space. Equivalently (for regular T1 spaces but not in general), a space is cosmic if and only if it has a countable network; namely a countable collection of subsets of the space such that any open set is the union of a subcollection of these sets.

Cosmic spaces have several interesting properties. There are a number of unsolved problems about them.

Separable space
In mathematics, a topological space is called separable if it contains a countable dense subset; that is, there exists a sequence  of elements of the space such that every nonempty open subset of the space contains at least one element of the sequence.

Like the other axioms of countability, separability is a "limitation on size", not necessarily in terms of cardinality (though, in the presence of the Hausdorff axiom, this does turn out to be the case; see below) but in a more subtle topological sense.  In particular, every continuous function on a separable space whose image is a subset of a Hausdorff space is determined by its values on the countable dense subset.

Contrast separability with the related notion of second countability, which is in general stronger but equivalent on the class of metrizable spaces.
John Conmee
John Stephen Conmee SJ (25 December 1847 – 1910) was an Irish Jesuit educator. He was born in County Roscommon into a wealthy farming family and was educated at Castleknock College and Clongowes Wood College. He influenced his student James Joyce and became a character in Joyce's novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. He was a rector of  Clongowes Wood College, County Kildare and prefect of studies at Belvedere College.

Joyce was one of his students at Clongowes in 1888. Conmee was influential in granting Joyce and his brothers a scholarship place at Belvedere College, County Dublin in 1893 when Joyce's family collapsed into poverty. He appears under his own name in both Portrait and Ulysses.

Margot Norris analyzed Conmee's existence in some of Joyce's writing. Joyce described him as a bland and courtly humanist in a revision he made to the biography Herman Gorman was writing about Joyce.

Clongowes Wood College
Clongowes Wood College SJ is a Catholic voluntary boarding school for boys near Clane, County Kildare, Ireland, founded by the Jesuits in 1814. It features prominently in James Joyce's semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Blessed John Sullivan (Jesuit) taught at Clongowes Wood College from 1907 until his death in 1933. One of five Jesuit secondary schools in Ireland, it had 450 students in 2019.

The school's current headmaster, Christopher Lumb, is the first lay headmaster in its history.

The school is also a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference being one of only three members based in Ireland.
Canton of Castellane
The canton of Castellane is an administrative division in southeastern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 7 to 32 communes. Its seat is in Castellane.

Castellane
Castellane (French pronunciation: [kastɛlan]; Provençal Occitan: Castelana) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. With a population of 1,470 (2019), it has the distinction of being France's least populated subprefecture, ahead of Largentière in Ardèche.

Its inhabitants are referred to as Castellanais (masculine) and Castellanaises (feminine).
Truth, Justice and Healing Council
The Truth, Justice and Healing Council was established by the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference as a national co-ordinating body to oversee the church's engagement with the 2015-17 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse and the pastoral and other ramifications that arose from the sexual abuse which it was called to investigate.

Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was announced in November 2012 and established in 2013 by the Australian government pursuant to the Royal Commissions Act 1902 to inquire into and report upon responses by institutions to instances and allegations of child sexual abuse in Australia. The establishment of the Commission followed revelations of child abusers being moved from place to place instead of their crimes being reported to police. There were also revelations adults failed to try to stop further acts of child abuse. The commission examined the history of abuse in educational institutions, religious groups, sporting organisations, state institutions and youth organisations. The final report of the commission was made public on 15 December 2017.
Pingdu
Pingdu (Chinese: 平度; pinyin: Píngdù) is the largest county-level city of Qingdao sub-provincial city, Shandong Province, China.

It is located in the east of the Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula), the heart of peninsula. It borders Yantai and Weifang, and it has an area of 3,166 km2 (1,222 sq mi) and a population of 1,191,348 people in 2020.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Hinton Ampner
Hinton Ampner is a village and country house estate with gardens and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bramdean and Hinton Ampner, in the Winchester district, in the county of Hampshire, England. It is near Alresford and eight miles due east of Winchester. The village lies on the north slope of a long chalk ridge, with the house and church at its highest point. The area is part of the broader Hampshire Downs, a large area of predominantly chalk downland. The nearest large river is the River Itchen to the west of the area. To the north west of Hinton is the village of Cheriton and New Cheriton. The village of Kilmeston is to the south.

The house is a Grade II listed building. The house and garden are owned by the National Trust and are open to the public.

City of Winchester
Winchester (/ˈwɪntʃɪstər/), or the City of Winchester, is a local government district with city status in Hampshire, England.

The district is named after its main settlement of Winchester, which is where the council is based and is also the county town of Hampshire. The city boundaries also encompass a large surrounding rural area, including the towns of New Alresford and Whiteley and numerous villages.

Parts of the district lie within the South Downs National Park. The neighbouring districts are Basingstoke and Deane, East Hampshire, Havant, Portsmouth, Fareham, Eastleigh and Test Valley.
National Museum of American Religion
The National Museum of American Religion (NMAR) is a non-profit organization headquartered in Purcellville, Virginia. Founded in 2014 by Christopher Stevenson, Darin Lowder, and Rob Wilson-Black, the organization’s goal is to create a private, digital-first museum dedicated to highlighting the role religion has played in shaping the social, political, economic, and cultural fabric of American life.

Purcellville, Virginia
Purcellville is a town in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. The population was 8,929 according to the 2020 census. Purcellville is the major population center for Western Loudoun and the Loudoun Valley. Many of the older structures remaining in Purcellville reflect the Victorian architecture popular during the early twentieth century.
Photoinduced phase transitions
Photoinduced phase transition is a technique used in solid-state physics. It is a process to the nonequilibrium phases generated from an equilibrium by shining on high energy photons, and the nonequilibrium phase is a macroscopic excited domain that has new structural and electronic orders quite different from the starting ground state (equilibrium phase).

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Good Design (1793 ship)
Good Design was launched in Shields in 1793. She became a Newcastle-based transport. Between 1797 and 1802 she served the British Royal Navy as a hired armed ship, convoying vessels in the North Sea and transporting troops. Her crew qualified for a clasp to the Naval General Service Medal for her service in the 1801 Egyptian campaign. She returned to mercantile service and apparently was lost in 1805.

Hired armed vessels
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Royal Navy made use of a large number of hired armed vessels. These were generally smaller vessels, often cutters and luggers, that the Royal Navy used for duties ranging from carrying despatches and passengers to convoy escort, particularly in British coastal waters, and reconnaissance.
Siliguri–Dhubri Intercity Express
The 15765 / 66 Siliguri Junction - Dhubri Intercity Express  is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways Northeast Frontier Railway zone that runs between Siliguri Junction of West Bengal and Dhubri of Assam in India.

It operates as train number 15765 from Siliguri Junction to Dhubri and as train number 15766 in the reverse direction serving the states of  Assam & West Bengal.

Northeast Frontier Railway zone
The Northeast Frontier Railway (abbreviated NFR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered in Maligaon, Guwahati in the state of Assam, and responsible for operation and expansion of rail network all across Northeastern states and some districts of eastern Bihar and northern West Bengal.
Galactica (roller coaster)
Galactica is a flying roller coaster located in the Forbidden Valley area of Alton Towers amusement park in Staffordshire, England. It originally opened as Air on 16 March 2002 and is the first flying coaster manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard. Guests ride in a prone position, meant to produce the feeling of flight, as the train passes close to the ground, under footpaths, and narrowly past trees and rocks. The ride was refurbished for the 2016 season and reopened as Galactica. It features an 840-metre-long (920 yd) track and reaches a maximum speed of 75 km/h (47 mph; 21 m/s).

Roller coaster train
A roller coaster train is a vehicle made up of two or more carts coupled together by specialized joints which transports passengers around a roller coaster's circuit. Roller coasters usually have various safety features, including specialized wheels and restraints. It is called a train because the carts are connected in a chain and follow each other along the track, just like a railroad train. Individual carts vary in design and can carry from one to eight or more passengers each.
Valery Fokin
Valery Vladimirovich Fokin (Russian: Валерий Владимирович Фокин; born 28 February 1946) is a Soviet and Russian theatrical and film director, actor and pedagogue. He is the Artistic Director of the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, and the President of The Meyerhold Centre in Moscow. Fokin is decorated with four honorary Russian state awards.

Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute
The Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute (Russian: Театральный институт имени Бориса Щукинаpronunciationⓘ) is a Russian drama college in Moscow, formed in 1914 as part of the Vakhtangov Theatre. In 2002 it was granted the Academy status.
Armin van Buuren: In the Mix
Armin van Buuren: In The Mix  is a music video game for the Wii console. It was announced in May 2009 and was developed by TransGaming Technologies of Canada and published by Foreign Media Games (now Easy Interactive). The game was released in the United Kingdom on 12 November 2010.

Imagine (Armin van Buuren album)
Imagine is the third studio album by Dutch DJ and record producer Armin van Buuren. It was released on 18 April 2008 by Armada Music. The album entered the Dutch album chart at number one. In the US, it debuted at number 4 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart.

The first single "Going Wrong" debuted on van Buuren's A State of Trance radio show. The single sees the collaboration of Armin van Buuren with DJ Shah and Chris Jones. On iTunes, "If You Should Go" was offered as a bonus track along with the Inpetto vs. Duderstadt version which was only up for pre-order. "In and Out of Love", which features Sharon den Adel from the band Within Temptation, became the second single from Imagine. Its video has been viewed over 189 million times on YouTube. The album also spawned three more singles: "Unforgivable" featuring Jaren, "Fine Without You", featuring Jennifer Rene, and "Never Say Never" featuring Jacqueline Govaert.
Oldersum
Oldersum is a village in the region of East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Administratively, it is an Ortsteil of the municipality of Moormerland. Located on the north bank of the Ems estuary, Oldersum is to the southeast of Emden and the northwest of Leer. It has a population of 1,533.

Leer, Lower Saxony
Leer (German pronunciation: [leːɐ̯] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Leer in the region of East Frisia, in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Leda, a tributary of the river Ems, near the border with the Netherlands. With 34,958 inhabitants (2021), it is the third-largest city in East Frisia after Emden and Aurich.

It has a railway and autobahn connection to Groningen, Netherlands, Emden, Bremen and the South (Rheine and the Ruhr industrial region).
Burdett, Alberta
Burdett is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within the County of Forty Mile No. 8. It is located approximately 71 km (44 mi) west of Medicine Hat and 97 km (60 mi) east of Lethbridge on Highway 3. Also, Burdett is regarded as the site of Canada's first irrigation pivot.

County of Forty Mile No. 8
The County of Forty Mile No. 8 is a municipal district in south eastern Alberta, Canada. It is located in Census Division 1, southwest of Medicine Hat. Its municipal office is located in the Village of Foremost.

The County of Forty Mile is filled with several ghost towns such as Nemiskam, Orion, Conquerville, Altorado, Conrad, and the partially abandoned Etzikom.
Ward Creek (Lake Tahoe)
Ward Creek is a 6.1-mile (9.8 km) eastward-flowing stream in Placer County, California, United States. The creek flows into Lake Tahoe 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of Tahoe City, California, and has undergone extensive restoration to reduce sediment and surface run-off to maintain the purity of Lake Tahoe.

Tahoe City, California
Tahoe City (formerly Tahoe) is an unincorporated town in Placer County, California. Tahoe City is located on the shore of Lake Tahoe, at the outlet of the Truckee River.

The site was surveyed in 1863, and Tahoe House was built in 1864. The Tahoe post office opened in 1871, closed for a period in 1896, and changed its name to Tahoe City in 1949. The ZIP Code is 96145. For statistical purposes, Tahoe City is included in the Sunnyside-Tahoe City census-designated place (CDP).