hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vilna Governorate
The Vilna Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire that existed from 1795 to 1918. Established after the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it encompassed territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and was one of the administrative divisions created by the Russian Empire to replace the institutions of the dissolved Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1897, the governorate covered an area of 41,907.9 square kilometres (16,180.7 mi2) and had a population of 1,591,207 inhabitants. It bordered the following governorates: Minsk to the south, Grodno to the southwest, Suwałki to the west, Kovno and Courland to the north, and Vitebsk to the east. Its capital, Vilnius, also served as the seat of the Vilna Governorate-General, which existed until 1912.

Governorate (Russia)
A governorate (Russian: губе́рния, romanized: gubérniya, pre-1918 spelling: губе́рнія, IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ⓘ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian, Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province. A governorate was headed by a governor (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator, in turn from Greek kyvernítis (Greek: κυβερνήτης).

Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district).
1992 Pacific Curling Championships
The 1992 Pacific Curling Championships were held from November 1 to ??? in Karuizawa, Japan for men's teams only.

Australia won the men's event over Japan (it was the second Pacific title for the Australian men).

By virtue of winning, the Australian men's team qualified for the 1993 World Men's Curling Championship in Geneva, Switzerland.

Pacific-Asia Curling Championships
The Pacific-Asia Curling Championships (formerly the Pacific Curling Championships) were an annual curling tournament, held every year in November or December. The event served as a qualified for the World Curling Championships. The Pacific-Asia Curling Championships consisted of teams from Australia, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and South Korea. At the 2018 WCF Congress it was announced that Nigeria would be the first African country accepted as member and would compete in the PAC zone beginning in 2019. Tournaments have been played in Canada, but Canada has never participated, since it is not part of the Pacific Zone.

The event was last held in 2021, and was replaced with the Pan Continental Curling Championships, which would include teams from the Americas as well.
Kevin Hurley
Kevin Barry Hurley, TD (born September 1953) is a British politician and former police officer. He was the Surrey Police and Crime Commissioner between November 2012 and May 2016. He previously served in the Metropolitan Police, reaching the rank of Detective Chief Superintendent. He was also an officer of the Territorial Army, serving first in the Parachute Regiment and then in the Royal Military Police.

Surrey Police and Crime Commissioner
The Surrey Police and Crime Commissioner is the police and crime commissioner, an elected official tasked with setting out the way crime is tackled by Surrey Police in the English County of Surrey. The post was created in November 2012, following an election held on 15 November 2012, and replaced the Surrey Police Authority. The Previous incumbent was David Munro, who represented the Conservative Party. As of 2021, Lisa Townsend is the new Police and Crime Commissioner for Surrey.
Kue semprit
Semprit (Indonesian: kue semprit), is a Southeast Asian sweet snack (kue) made of wheat flour, corn starch, custard powder, sugar and margarine. These ingredients are mixed together to become a dough. Next, the dough is rolled and cut into small pieces, which are baked until golden yellow. Semprit is ready to eat once it has cooled to room temperature.

Semprit is a popular snack during Hari Raya celebrations.

Kue
Kue are bite-sized snacks or desserts originally from what is now Indonesia but have since spread throughout Southeast Asia. Kue is a fairly broad term in Indonesian to describe a wide variety of snacks including cakes, cookies, fritters, pies, scones, and patisserie. Kue are made from a variety of ingredients in various forms; some are steamed, fried or baked. They are popular snacks in Indonesia, which has the largest variety of kue. Because of the countries' historical colonial ties, Koeé (kue) is also popular in the Netherlands.

Indonesian kue demonstrate local native delicacies, Chinese and Indian influences, as well as European cake and pastry influences. For example, wajik, kue bugis, klepon, nagasari, getuk, and lupis are of native origin; while bakpia and kue ku are of Chinese Peranakan origin, kue putu is derived from Indian puttu; on the other hand, lapis legit, kue cubit, kastengel, risoles and pastel are European influenced.
William G. Binney
William Greene Binney (October 22, 1833 – August 3, 1909) was an American attorney known for his avocation as a malacologist, working mostly during the second half of the nineteenth century. He was responsible for volumes 4 and 5 of The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States, a task he took over from his father, Amos Binney, and collaborator, Augustus Addison Gould. The ninety engraved plates which were part of volume 5, illustrating most of the then known land mollusk fauna, are particularly noteworthy.

Binney's obituary in the New York Times included the following information:

Mr. Binney followed in the steps of his father, who was an authority on molluscs. Besides editing his father's works, he prepared for the Smithsonian Institution a work on "The Land and Fresh Water Shells of America" and numerous monographs on the same subject. He was also responsible, in conjunction with Amos Binney, for the collection of North American shells at the Harvard Museum.

Augustus Addison Gould
Augustus Addison Gould (April 23, 1805 – September 15, 1866) was an American naturalist and the foremost conchologist of his era. He described over 1,100 new species of mollusks, including all known mollusks of Massachusetts and the shells collected by two major government exploring expeditions. He was one of the first naturalists in America to recognize the importance of geographic distribution in the description of species.
Church of Santa María Magdalena (Lima)
The Church of Saint Mary Magdalene (Spanish: Iglesia de Santa María Magdalena) is a Catholic temple that belongs to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Lima, located in the district of Pueblo Libre, Lima, Peru. It was declared Cultural Heritage of the Nation in 1942 by resolution LN° 9599.

It features a traditional Isabellan-style hall plan and a main altar with baroque decoration, as well as a series of eight side altars, all covered in gold leaf. Since 1944, the church and its premises have been run by the Order of Augustinian Recollects.

Cultural heritage of Peru
The cultural heritage of Peru, officially the Cultural heritage of the Nation (Spanish: Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación), is the name given to the set of goods, both tangible and intangible, accumulated over time. These goods can be paleontological, archaeological, architectural, historical, artistic, military, social, anthropological or intellectual. In Peru, the competence for the protection of cultural heritage is in the hands of the Ministry of Culture.

In 1999, the National Institute of Culture published the Relación de Monumentos Históricos del Perú, the most comprehensive inventory to date of historic monuments declared in the country, listing properties built from the 16th to the 20th century. In August 2000, the Institute also published a list of temples, convents and cemeteries declared cultural heritage.
Royal Academy Exhibition of 1868
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1868 was the hundredth annual Summer Exhibition of the British Royal Academy of Arts. It was held between 4 May and 23 July 1868. It was the last to be held at the National Gallery in London's Trafalgar Square, which had been the headquarters of the Royal Academy since its move from its previous home Somerset House in 1836. The following year the exhibition moved to Burlington House in Piccadilly

The president of the Royal Academy Francis Grant exhibited a battle scene The Duke of Cambridge at the Battle of the Alma. Other works on display included Sisters by John Everett Millais. And William Powell Frith's Before Dinner at Boswell's Lodging. Medea by Frederick Sandys was accepted by the committee for display but never hung, possibly due to concerns about the subject matter. The Irish artist Daniel Maclise displayed The Sleep of Duncan, inspired by Shakespeare's Macbeth.

Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architectural designs and models, and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the United Kingdom. It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768, one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.
Egan Junior High School
Ardis G. Egan Junior High School is a public middle school for seventh graders and eighth graders in Los Altos, California. It is part of the Los Altos School District. Most of Egan's over five hundred students live in Los Altos and Los Altos Hills, and a few students live in Mountain View. Egan is named after Ardis Egan, the founder and former superintendent of the Los Altos School District.

Egan is mainly fed by local elementary schools of the same district: Almond, Santa Rita, Covington and Gardner Bullis. Egan has inherited these schools' high success rates, ranking as one of the top intermediate schools in the state. Most Egan students who remain within the public education system go on to study at Los Altos High School, which is in the Mountain View–Los Altos Union High School District.

Los Altos Hills, California
Los Altos Hills (US: /lɑːs ˈæltoʊs/; Los Altos, Spanish for "The Heights") is an affluent incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population was 8,489 at the 2020 census. The town is known for its  expensive residential real estate.
Philipp Degen
Philipp Degen (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈfiː.lɪp ˈdeː.gən]; born 15 February 1983) is a retired Swiss professional footballer. Degen was usually a right back who could also play at left back or on the right wing. Degen reached the last 16 in the 2006 World Cup with Switzerland and was selected again for Euro 2008 but did not play any games.

He began his professional career at the local Swiss club FC Basel, playing four seasons in the first team before moving to Borussia Dortmund. He spent three years at the German club, his last season being marred by injury. Degen signed for Liverpool on a free transfer on 3 July 2008, his stay at Liverpool was also blemished by many injuries. His Liverpool contract was terminated by mutual consent on 31 August 2011 and he returned to Basel. Degen ended his professional career at the end of season 2015/16 with a total of eight Swiss championship titles.

2004–05 Swiss Super League
The 2004–05 Swiss Super League was the 108th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. The competition was officially named AXPO Super League due to sponsoring purposes. It began on 17 July 2004 and has ended on 29 May 2005. This second season as Swiss Super League.
Eulimene
Eulimene (Ancient Greek: Εὐλιμήνη Eulimenê means 'she of good haven' or 'good-harbour-woman') was the name of two characters in Greek mythology.

Eulimene, the Nereid of good harborage and one of the 50 sea-nymph daughters of the 'Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris.

Eulimene of Crete, daughter of Cydon, and the girl who was betrothed to Apterus (who was the most famous man among the Cretans). In spite of this betrothal, she had an affair with another man, Lycastus. When Cydon consulted the oracles to discover how to beat his enemies, they told him to sacrifice a virgin. He cast lots on all the virgins of the area, and the fatal lot was cast upon his own daughter. Even though Lycastus confessed to having slept with her, she was still condemned to death, after which an examination of her body proved that she had been pregnant. Apterus murdered Lycastus after the pregnancy of Eulimene was revealed, and he went into exile to Xanthus at Termera in Lycia.

Nereids
In Greek mythology, the Nereids or Nereides (/ˈnɪəriɪdz/ NEER-ee-idz; Ancient Greek: Νηρηΐδες, romanized: Nērēḯdes; sg. Νηρηΐς, Nērēḯs, also Νημερτές) are sea nymphs (female spirits of sea waters), the 50 daughters of the 'Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris, sisters to their brother Nerites. They often accompany Poseidon, the god of the sea, and can be friendly and helpful to sailors (such as the Argonauts in their search for the Golden Fleece).
Lungotevere di San Paolo
Lungotevere di San Paolo (official name: Lungotevere di S. Paolo) is the stretch of Lungotevere that connects via Ostiense to Piazza Tommaso Edison, in Rome, in the Ostiense district.

The Lungotevere is named after the nearby basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls, one of the four papal basilicas; it was established by resolution of the city council of 25 February 1948.

Lungotevere
Lungotevere (Italian for Tiber Waterfront) is an alley or boulevard running along the river Tiber within the city of Rome.
The building of the Lungoteveres required the demolition of the former edifices along the river banks and the construction of retaining walls called muraglioni (massive walls).
Ishfaq Nadeem Ahmad
Ishfaq Nadeem Ahmad (died 24 September 2021, was a retired three-star rank general who served as Corps Commander II Corps of the Pakistan Army. He previously served as Chief of General Staff and Director-General of Military Operations. Lieutenant General Ahmad was second on the seniority list (after Chief of General Staff Lt. Gen. Zubair Hayat) in 2016 of being Chief of Army Staff, but then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appointed Lt Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa, who was the inspector general training and evaluation at that time, as the army chief.

Zubair Mahmood Hayat
Zubair Mahmood Hayat NI(M) HI(M) (born 1960) is a retired four-star rank army general of the Pakistan Army who served as the 16th Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 28 November 2016 until his retirement on 27 November 2019.
Ruchyi, Murmansk Oblast
Ruchyi (Russian: Ручьи́) is the rural locality (a Station) in Kandalakshskiy District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The village is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the Kola Peninsula. Located at a height of 80 m above sea level.

Kandalakshsky District
Kandalakshsky District (Russian: Кандала́кшский райо́н) is an administrative district (a raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kandalakshsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, and borders with Kovdorsky District to the north, Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, and with Finland to the west. The area of the district is 14,400 square kilometers (5,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kandalaksha. Population:  49,544 (2010 Census); 60,140 (2002 Census); 78,239 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kandalaksha accounts for 72.0% of the district's total population.
Learjet 70/75
The Learjet 70/75 is a mid-sized business jet airplane manufactured by the Learjet division of Canadian aircraft manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace. With production ending in 2022, it is the last Learjet model.

Garrett TFE731
The Garrett TFE731 (now  Honeywell TFE731) is a family of geared turbofan engines commonly used on business jet aircraft. Garrett AiResearch originally designed and built the engine, which due to mergers was later produced by AlliedSignal and now Honeywell Aerospace.

Since the engine was introduced in 1972, over 11,000 engines have been built, flying over 100 million flight-hours.
Homewrecker (Sombr song)
"Homewrecker" is a song by American singer-songwriter Sombr. It was released on February 5, 2026, through Warner Records and Sombr's own imprint SMB. The song was written solely by Sombr, with production handled by him alongside Tony Berg. The song was sent to US Pop radio on February 10.

The song peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top ten in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, among others.

12 to 12
"12 to 12" is a song by American singer-songwriter Sombr. It was released on July 24, 2025, through Warner Records and Sombr's imprint, SMB. Written solely by Sombr and co-produced by him and Tony Berg, it is the fourth single from his debut studio album I Barely Know Her (2025). The song blends 1980s-style synth-pop and new wave with elements of 1970s funk and blues, and features Sombr's vocals shifting between falsetto and rough growls.

It was Sombr's third entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 41, and became his third top-ten single in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom; it also reached the top ten in five other countries. The song has been certified platinum or higher in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Sombr performed "12 to 12" on Saturday Night Live and at the 2025 MTV Video Music Awards, where it was nominated for Song of Summer. The song was ranked number eight in Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2025.
Mekonnen
Mekonnen (Amharic: መኮንን), also spelled Mekonen and Makonnen is a male name of Ethiopian origin meaning "nobleman" or "aristocrat," and the Amharic pronunciation of an ancient Ge'ez noble title (see: Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles). Notable people with the name include:

Ethiopia at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Ethiopia competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. The nation returned to the Olympic Games after boycotting the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 41 competitors, 39 men and 2 women, took part in 26 events in 3 sports.
La Dura Dura
La Dura Dura is a 50-metre (160 ft) sport climbing route on the multi-coloured limestone cliffs known as the Contrafort de Rumbau, which are part of the Roc de Rumbau mountain, that lies in Oliana, Spain. The route was bolted and developed by American climber Chris Sharma in 2009 who had almost given up believing he could climb it until a collaboration with Czech climber Adam Ondra led to Ondra climbing the route on 7 February 2013, followed by Sharma on 23 March 2013.

La Dura Dura became one of the first rock climbs in the world to achieve a grade of 9b+ (5.15c), and was the first consensus grade at that level (i.e. more than one climber agreed to it).  The route has not been repeated since Ondra's and Sharma's 2013 ascents.  Being two of the leading rock climbers in the world at that time, their unique collaboration was widely followed in the climbing media; it is an important route in rock climbing history.  The cliff was badly damaged by a fire in 2022.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Milies, Euboea
Milies (Greek: Μηλιές) is a village in the municipal unit of Istiaia on Euboea island, Greece. Milies is located 15 km (9.3 mi) east of the town Istiaia, northwest of Chalkida and about 3 hours from the Greek capital city of Athens. Its elevation is 460 m (1,510 ft). It was an independent community until 1997 when it became a part of the municipality of Istiaia.

Chalcis
Chalcis (/ˈkælsɪs/; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Χαλκίς, romanized: Chalkís), also called Chalkida or Halkida (Modern Greek: Χαλκίδα, pronounced [xalˈciða]), is the chief city of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the Euripus Strait at its narrowest point. The name is preserved from antiquity and is derived from the Greek χαλκός (copper, bronze), though there is no trace of any mines in the area. In the Late Middle Ages, it was known as Negropont(e), an Italian name that has also been applied to the entire island of Euboea.
Thomas Frank (football manager)
Thomas Frank (Danish pronunciation: [ˈtsʰʌmæs ˈfʁɑŋk]; born 9 October 1973) is a Danish professional football manager who was most recently the head coach of Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur.

After 18 years in youth coaching, which included spells as manager of multiple Danish national youth teams, Frank became a senior manager with Brøndby in 2013. After his departure in 2016, he moved to English club Brentford as assistant head coach, and was promoted into the role of head coach in October 2018. At the end of the 2020–21 season, Frank became only the second Brentford head coach or manager to achieve promotion to the top-flight of English football.

Over the following four seasons, Frank guided Brentford into becoming a mainstay in the Premier League, on a limited budget. In June 2025, Frank departed from Brentford after seven years at the club to join Tottenham Hotspur as head coach. After eight months in charge, Frank was sacked by Tottenham Hotspur in February 2026.

2025 UEFA Super Cup
The 2025 UEFA Super Cup was the 50th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the top two European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. It was played at the Stadio Friuli in Udine, Italy, on 13 August 2025. It was contested by French club Paris Saint-Germain, winners of the 2024–25 UEFA Champions League, and English club Tottenham Hotspur, winners of the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League.

Paris Saint-Germain won the match 4–3 on penalties, following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, for their first UEFA Super Cup title. In doing so, they became the first French club to win the competition. Tottenham became the first club ever to lead by two goals without winning the competition.