hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sam Davis
Sam Davis (October 6, 1842 – November 27, 1863) was a Confederate soldier executed by Union forces in Pulaski, Tennessee, as a spy, during the American Civil War. He is popularly known as the Boy Hero of the Confederacy, although he was 21 when he died. He became a celebrated instance of Confederate memorialization in the late 1890s and early 1900s, eulogized by Middle Tennesseeans for his valor and sacrifice. Davis' story was popularized by editor J. B. Killebrew and later by Sumner Archibald Cunningham. Due in part to the story's themes of piety and masculinity, Cunningham's portrayal of Davis fit into mythology of the "Lost Cause" in the postwar South.

Sumner Archibald Cunningham
Sumner Archibald Cunningham (July 21, 1843 – December 20, 1913) was an American Confederate soldier and journalist. He was the editor of a short lived Confederate magazine called "Our Day" (1883-1884) published in New York. In 1893 he established the Confederate Veteran, a bimonthly magazine about veterans of the Confederate States Army until his death in 1913. He was a critic of Reconstruction, "scalawags", "carpetbaggers", and "Negro" legislators.
Phantasmarana jordanensis
Phantasmarana jordanensis is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil and only known from its type locality, Campos do Jordão in the São Paulo state.
Its natural habitat is forest at 1,700 m (5,600 ft) asl.

Tadpoles are large, measuring up to 107 mm (4.2 in) in total length, of which the tail makes about two thirds.

It was formerly placed in the genus Megaelosia, but was reclassified to Phantasmarana in 2021.

Megaelosia
Megaelosia goeldii, also known as the Rio big-tooth frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is the only member of the genus Megaelosia. It is endemic to Southeast Brazil and occurs in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states. It is named after Émil Goeldi, a Swiss zoologist who worked in Brazil.
1994–95 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1994–95 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 25th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 14 August 1994 to 17 March 1995.

Sarsfields of Galway were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Athenry in the final of the 1994 Galway SHC. Naas of Kildare, St. Dominic's of Roscommon, Tullaroan of Kilkenny and Oulart-the Ballagh of Wexford made their first appearances in the championship.

The All-Ireland final, a replay, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 2 April 1995, between Birr of Offaly and Dunloy of Antrim, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Birr won the match by 3–13 to 2–03 to claim a first title.

Kilmallock's Paddy Kelly was the championship's top scorer with 1–26.

Sarsfields GAA (Galway)
Sarsfields Galway is a GAA club consisting of the parish of Bullaun, New Inn and Woodlawn in east County Galway, Ireland. Winners of two All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship's.

The club was founded in 1966 and is almost exclusively concerned with the game of hurling.

Sarsfields Galway were the first club to defend their All-Ireland Club Hurling title. In 1993 Sarsfields defeated opponents Kilmallock, County Limerick in their first All-Ireland club final. In 1994, Sarsfields retained their club title with a victory over Toomevara, County Tipperary.
Tracer use in the oil industry
Tracers are used in the oil industry in order to qualitatively or quantitatively gauge how fluid flows through the reservoir, as well as being a useful tool for estimating residual oil saturation. Tracers can be used in either interwell tests or single well tests. In interwell tests, the tracer is injected at one well along with the carrier fluid (water in a waterflood or gas in a gasflood) and detected at a producing well after some period of time, which can be anything from days to years. In single well tests, the tracer is injected into the formation from a well and then produced out the same well. The delay between a tracer that does not react with the formation (a conservative tracer) and one that does (a partitioning tracer) will give an indication of residual oil saturation, a piece of information that is difficult to acquire by other means.

Tracers can be radioactive or chemical, gas or liquid and have been used extensively in the oil industry and hydrology for decades.

Amott test
The Amott test is one of the most widely used empirical wettability measurements for reservoir cores in petroleum engineering. The method combines two spontaneous imbibition measurements and two forced displacement measurements. This test defines two different indices: the Amott water index () and the Amott oil index ().
Sutterby
Sutterby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Langton by Spilsby, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 9 miles (14 km) south-east from Louth and 8 miles (13 km) east from Horncastle. In 1931 the parish had a population of 24. On 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and merged with Langton by Spilsby.

The first recorded mention of Sutterby is in the Domesday Book; the "-by" at the end of its name indicates this place may originally have been a Viking settlement (the village is located within the area of the Danelaw).

In 1219 Hugh of Wells, bishop of Lincoln, granted the church at Sutterby to the Benedictine Nuns of the Priory of Chester. It seems that the nuns had lost it, however, by the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Church of John the Baptist, is a Grade II listed building under the protection of the Friends of Friendless Churches.

Horncastle
Horncastle is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district in Lincolnshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 km) east of Lincoln. Its population was 6,815 at the 2011 census, growing to an estimated 7,123 in 2019 and recorded as 7,291 in the 2021 census. A section of the ancient Roman walls remains.
Bathiatae (tribe)
The Bathiatae (also Bathiatai) were an Illyrian people who possibly lived in modern Bosnia along the Bosna river.

They are mentioned by Appian in which he states "Octavian overcame the Oxyaei, the Perthoneatae, the Bathiatae, the Taulantii, the Cambaei, the Cinambri, the Meromenni, and the Pyrissaei, the Docleatae, the Carui, the Interphrurini, the Naresii, the Glintidiones, the Taurisci, the Hippasini and the Bessi".

They were located among today's modern Bosna River which was once known as Bathinus flumen and they took their name from this river.

Taulantii
Taulantii or Taulantians ('swallow-men'; Ancient Greek: Ταυλάντιοι, Taulantioi or Χελιδόνιοι, Chelidonioi; Latin: Taulantii) were an Illyrian people that lived on the Adriatic coast of southern Illyria (modern Albania). They dominated at various times much of the plain between the rivers Drin (Drilon) and Vjosa (Aoös). Their central area was the hinterland of Epidamnos-Dyrrhachion, corresponding to present-day Tirana and the region between the valleys of Mat and Shkumbin (Genusus). The Taulantii are among the oldest attested Illyrian peoples, who established a powerful kingdom in southern Illyria. They are among the peoples who most marked Illyrian history, and thus found their place in the numerous works of historians in classical antiquity.
2022–23 Russian Cup
The 2022–23 Russian Cup is the 31st season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The competition started on 16 August 2022 and concluded on 11 June 2023.

The winner of the cup would normally gain entry into the 2023–24 UEFA Europa League; however, on 28 February 2022, Russian football clubs were suspended from FIFA & UEFA international competitions until further notice due to the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Match TV
Match! TV (Russian: Матч! ТВ) is a Russian free-to-air federal sports television channel owned by Gazprom Media.

The channel began broadcasting on November 1, 2015, and had been created in accordance with the order of Russian president Vladimir Putin, with the assistance of the editorial office of Gazprom-Media Holding, technical assistance of ANO Sports Broadcasting (Panorama's brand) and the frequency of Russia-2 (VGTRK). The general producer of the channel was Tina Kandelaki until she was replaced in September 2021 by Alexander Tashchin.
Protosolpuga
Protosolpuga carbonaria is an extinct species of solifuges, the only one of the genus Protosolpuga and the family Protosolpugidae. This Carboniferous camel spider was discovered in the Mazon Creek fossil beds of Illinois.

Mazon Creek fossil beds
The Mazon Creek fossil beds are a conservation lagerstätte found near Morris, in Grundy County, Illinois. The fossils are preserved in ironstone concretions, formed approximately 309 million years ago in the mid-Pennsylvanian epoch of the Carboniferous period. These concretions frequently preserve both hard and soft tissues of animal and plant materials, as well as many soft-bodied organisms that do not normally fossilize. The quality, quantity and diversity of fossils in the area, known since the mid-nineteenth century, make the Mazon Creek lagerstätte important to paleontologists attempting to reconstruct the paleoecology of the sites. The locality was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997.
Unpaid principal balance
Unpaid principal balance (UPB) is the portion of a loan (e.g. a mortgage loan) at a certain point in time that has not yet been remitted to the lender.

For a typical consumer loan such as a home mortgage or automobile loan, the original unpaid principal balance is the amount borrowed, and therefore the amount the borrower owes the lender on the origination date of the loan.

The unpaid principal balance will decrease as time goes on for the loans that are structured with level payments.  For these common loans, each monthly payment includes both interest and principal.  The unpaid principal balance at the beginning of a given month is reduced by that portion of the level payment that is designated principal for that month; so that the unpaid principal balance at the end of the month is the beginning UPB less the principal paid for the month.  Hence, the UPB decreases over time.

Equated monthly installment
An equated monthly installment (EMI) is a fixed payment amount made by a borrower to a lender at a specified date each calendar month. Equated monthly installments are used to pay off both interest and principal each month, so that over a specified number of years, the loan is fully paid off along with interest.

As with most common types of loans, such as real estate mortgages, the borrower makes fixed periodic payments to the lender over the course of several years with the goal of retiring the loan. EMIs differ from variable payment plans, in which the borrower is able to pay higher payment amounts at his or her discretion. In EMI plans, borrowers are mostly only allowed one fixed payment amount each month.
Cadú (footballer, born 1981)
Ricardo Manuel Ferreira Sousa (born 21 December 1981), known as Cadú, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 121 games and seven goals over five seasons, with Paços de Ferreira, Boavista and Gil Vicente. He spent the vast majority of his career in Romania with CFR Cluj, appearing in 255 competitive matches and winning eight major trophies.

2007–08 Liga I
The 2007–08 Liga I was the ninety season of Liga I, the top-level football league of Romania. Season began on 27 July 2007 and ended on 7 May 2008. CFR Cluj became champions, winning their first trophy and ending a 17-year-long reign of Bucharest based teams.

CFR Cluj will play in the Champions League group stage, while Steaua București qualified for the Champions League third qualifying round. Rapid București, Dinamo București, Unirea Urziceni and Politehnica Știința Timișoara qualified for the UEFA Cup first round. The highest placed team that has not qualified for the UEFA Cup is allowed the opportunity to compete in the third round of the UEFA Intertoto Cup, provided they have applied to enter the Intertoto Cup in the next season. Vaslui, Oțelul Galați and Gloria Bistrița are the only teams that have applied, with Vaslui securing their participation.
Gran Premio 25 de Mayo
The Gran Premio 25 de Mayo (previously Premio San Isidro, Gran Premio San Isidro, Gran Premio Internacional 25 de Mayo) is a Group 1 horse race run at Hipódromo de San Isidro, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Since 2012, the winner receives a “Win and You're In” berth into the Breeders' Cup Turf through the international Breeders' Cup Challenge.

Breeders' Cup Turf
The Breeders' Cup Turf is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race on turf for three-year-olds and up. It is held annually at a different racetrack in the United States or Canada as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships. The race's current title sponsor is Longines.

The race is run at the European Classic distance of 1+1⁄2 miles, making it one of the most internationally appealing races on the Breeders' Cup lineup. One of the biggest moments in the race's history came in 2018 when Enable became the first horse to win both the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and Breeders' Cup Turf in the same year.

The forerunner for this race was the Washington, D.C. International Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse. Inaugurated in 1952, it was raced on turf at 1+1⁄2 miles and drew the best horses from North America and Europe.
Martinborough
Martinborough (Māori: Wharekaka or Māori: Huangarua) is a town in the South Wairarapa District, in the Wellington region of New Zealand's North Island. It is 65 kilometres east of Wellington and 35 kilometres south-west of Masterton. The town has a resident population of 1,900  (June 2025).

The town is home to the South Wairarapa District Council.

Masterton
Masterton (Māori: Whakaoriori) is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District (a territorial authority or local-government district). It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 40 kilometres south of Eketāhuna.

Masterton has an urban population of 22,600, and a district population of 28,900 (June 2025).

Masterton businesses includes services for surrounding farmers. Three new industrial parks are being developed in Waingawa, Solway and Upper Plain. The town functions as the headquarters of the annual Golden Shears sheep-shearing competition.
1880 Major League Baseball season
The 1880 major league baseball season was contested from May 1 through October 1, 1880, and saw the Chicago White Stockings as the pennant winner of the fifth season of the National League. There was no postseason.

The 1880 season is known for the first two major league perfect games in history, as well as being the only perfect games in the 19th century. Thrown by Lee Richmond and John Ward, these two perfect games were thrown in the span of five days, the shortest amount of time between two perfect games (the next closest is currently 20 days between Dallas Braden's May 9 and Roy Halladay's and May 29, 2010 perfect games). A perfect game would not be seen again in the Major Leagues for 24 years when Cy Young threw his perfect game in 1904.

Over the off-season, the Cincinnati Reds and Syracuse Stars disbanded, and were replaced by the Cincinnati Stars and Worcester Worcesters. This would be the Stars' only major league season.

Lee Richmond
J. Lee Richmond (May 5, 1857 – October 1, 1929) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Boston Red Stockings, Worcester Worcesters, Providence Grays, and Cincinnati Red Stockings, and is best known for pitching the first perfect game in Major League history. After retiring from baseball, he became a teacher.
2017 Slovak Open
The 2017 Slovak Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bratislava, Slovakia between 6 and 12 November 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
British Army other ranks rank insignia
"Other ranks" (ORs) is the term used to refer to all ranks below commissioned officer in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It includes warrant officers, non-commissioned officers ("NCOs") and ordinary soldiers with the rank of private or regimental equivalent.

Irish Guards
The Irish Guards (IG) is one of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army and is part of the Guards Division. Together with the Royal Irish Regiment, it is one of the two Irish infantry regiments in the British Army. The regiment has participated in campaigns in the First World War, the Second World War, the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan as well as numerous other operations throughout its history. The Irish Guards claim six Victoria Cross recipients, four from the First World War and two from the Second World War.
Bowling pin shooting
Bowling pin shooting is a shooting sport (primarily for handguns) in which the competitors race against one another to knock standard bowling pins from a table in the shortest elapsed time. Pin shooting is often described as one of the most enjoyable shooting games and one of the easiest means of introducing a new shooter into regular competitive shooting. Pin shooting appeals to both genders. There are many female pin shooters and many distinguished female pin shooters.

Massad Ayoob
Massad F. Ayoob (born July 20, 1948) is an American firearms expert, self-defense instructor and security advisor. He has taught police techniques and civilian self-defense to both law enforcement officers and private citizens since 1974. He was the director of the Lethal Force Institute in Concord, New Hampshire, from 1981 to 2009, and now operates his own company. Ayoob has appeared as an expert witness in several trials. He served as a part-time police officer in New Hampshire since 1972 and retired in 2017 with the rank of captain from the Grantham police department in New Hampshire. On September 30, 2020, Ayoob was named president of the Second Amendment Foundation.
Yehudit Harari
Yehudit Harari (née Eisenberg; Hebrew: יהודית הררי; October 4, 1885 – June 7, 1979) was an educator, teacher, kindergarten teacher, and writer, one of the founders of Tel Aviv. She was one of the founders of the "Hebrew Stage Enthusiasts Association" and a member of the Habimah Theater council, winner of the honorary prize for education of the Tel Aviv Municipality in 1965.

Moshava
A moshava (Hebrew: מושבה, plural: moshavot מושבות, lit. colony) was a form of agricultural Jewish settlement in the region of Palestine (now Israel), established by the members of the Old Yishuv beginning in the late 1870s and during the first two waves of Jewish Zionist immigration – the First and Second Aliyah.
Rohri Canal
Rohri Canal is a major irrigation canal in Sindh, Pakistan. It is a vital source of water for agriculture in the region. It originates from the left bank of the Indus River at the Sukkur Barrage, located in Sukkur District, Sindh. It traverses through several districts, providing irrigation to vast agricultural lands. The canal's primary flow is towards the south, irrigating districts including Sukkur, Khairpur, Naushahro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad, Matiari, Hyderabad, Sanghar and Badin.

It is a perennial canal, meaning it supplies water throughout the year. The Rohri Canal is part of the larger Sukkur Barrage irrigation system. The construction of the barrage itself began in 1923 and was completed in 1932. While the Rohri Canal's construction was completed before  the barrage project.

Sindh Irrigated Agriculture Productivity Enhancement Project
The Sindh Irrigated Agriculture Productivity Enhancement Project (SIAPEP) is a provincial agency of the Government of Sindh in Pakistan they are improving irrigation water management at tertiary and field levels in Sindh Pakistan.

The Sindh Irrigated Agriculture Productivity Enhancement Project (SIAPEP) is a World Bank funded Project. Started in 2015 and Closed in 2021.

World Bank total project cost US$242.20 M, Commitment amount US$187.00 M to enhance Sindh agriculture productivity.
Kirk Dam
Kirk Dam is an impounding dam, located 1.5 kilometres south of Rothesay, and is separated by a causeway from the much larger Loch Fad to the south-west.  It was built to provide water to the cotton mills of the town, and is now the habitat for a variety of marshland birds. The earthfill dam is 6 metres high and records show it was constructed in the late 18th century.

Rothesay
Rothesay (/ˈrɒθsi/ ⓘ ROTH-see; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Bhòid [ˈpalə ˈvɔːtʲ]) is the principal town on the Isle of Bute, in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies along the coast of the Firth of Clyde. It can be reached by a Caledonian MacBrayne ferry from Wemyss Bay, which also offers an onward rail link to Glasgow Central Station. At the centre of the town is the 13th-century ruin Rothesay Castle, unique in Scotland for its circular plan.
Isomorphism theorems
In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, the isomorphism theorems (also known as Noether's isomorphism theorems) are theorems that describe the relationship among quotients, homomorphisms, and subobjects.  Versions of the theorems exist for groups, rings, vector spaces, modules, Lie algebras, and other algebraic structures.  In universal algebra, the isomorphism theorems can be generalized to the context of algebras and congruences.

Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, for a function , the image is a relation between inputs and outputs, used in three related ways:

The image of an input value  is the single output value produced by  when passed  . The preimage of an output value  is the set of input values that produce .

More generally, evaluating  at each element of a given subset  of its domain  produces a set, called the "image of  under (or through) ". Similarly, the inverse image (or preimage) of a given subset  of the codomain  is the set of all elements of  that map to a member of

The image of the function  is the set of all output values it may produce, that is, the image of . The preimage of  is the preimage of the codomain . Because it always equals  (the domain of ), it is rarely used.

Image and inverse image may also be defined for general binary relations, not just functions.
Prignano sulla Secchia
Prignano sulla Secchia (Modenese: Prignân; locally Pérgnân) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Modena.  It is in the Modenese Apennines, in the valley of the Secchia river.

Prignano sulla Secchia borders the following municipalities: Baiso, Castellarano, Palagano, Polinago, Sassuolo, Serramazzoni, Toano.

Polinago
Polinago (Frignanese: Pulinêg) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Modena.