hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred P.C. Petsch
Alfred P. C. Petsch (1887–1981) was a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives for the 85th District of Fredericksburg and Gillespie County.  He was a retired lieutenant colonel who saw service in both World War I and World War II.  Petsch was also an educator, a lawyer, a civic leader and a philanthropist.

Fredericksburg, Texas
Fredericksburg is a city in and the county seat of Gillespie County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 Census, this city had a population of 10,875.

Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Old-time German residents often referred to Fredericksburg as Fritztown, a nickname that is still used in some businesses. It is located 70 miles northwest of San Antonio, and approximately 80 miles west of Austin. This city is also notable as the center of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with New Braunfels, which had been established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels the previous year. Fredericksburg is the birthplace of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany. On October 14, 1970, the Fredericksburg Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.
Blue Grass Stakes top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Blue Grass Stakes, an American Grade 1 race for three-year-olds at 1-1/8 miles held at Keeneland Racecourse in Lexington, Kentucky.  (List 1973–present)

Keeneland
Keeneland Association, Inc. is an equine business based in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It includes two distinct divisions: the Keeneland Race Course, a Thoroughbred racing facility, and Keeneland Sales, a horse auction complex. It is also known for its reference library.

In 2009, the Horseplayers Association of North America introduced a rating system for 65 Thoroughbred racetracks in North America.  Keeneland was ranked #1 of the top ten tracks. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
John the Scythian
John the Scythian (Latin: Iohannes Scytha, Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Σκύθης; floruit 482–498) was a general and a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire who fought against the usurper Leontius (484–488) and in the Isaurian War (492–497).

Isauria
Isauria (/aɪˈzɔːriə/ or /aɪˈsɔːriə/; Ancient Greek: Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya Province of Turkey, or the core of the Taurus Mountains. In its coastal extension it bordered on Cilicia.

It derives its name from the warlike Isaurian tribe and the twin settlements Isaura Palaea (Ἰσαυρα Παλαιά, Latin: Isaura Vetus 'Old Isaura') and Isaura Nea (Ἰσαυρα Νέα, Latin: Isaura Nova 'New Isaura').

The Isaurians were fiercely independent mountain people who marauded and created havoc in neighboring districts under Macedonian and Roman occupations.
Assassination of Anas Al-Sharif
On 10 August 2025, Anas Al-Sharif, a Palestinian journalist working for Al Jazeera, was assassinated in an Israeli airstrike on a media tent outside Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City. The strike also killed four of his colleagues – Mohammed Qreiqeh, Ibrahim Zaher, Mohammed Noufal, and Moamen Aliwa – along with two others, including Al-Sharif's nephew. The attack was widely condemned by Al Jazeera, press freedom organizations, and Palestinian authorities as a deliberate assault on journalists, while the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) claimed Al-Sharif was a Hamas operative –  an allegation rejected by Al Jazeera and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). The assassination occurred amidst the ongoing Gaza war and was described as part of a broader pattern of violence against journalists in Gaza.

+972 Magazine
+972 Magazine is an Israeli left-wing news and opinion online magazine, established in August 2010 by a collective of four Israeli writers in Tel Aviv. Noam Sheizaf, a co-founder and the +972 chief executive officer, said they wanted to express a new and "mostly young voice which would take part in the international debate regarding Israel and Palestine". They named the website in reference to the 972 international dialing code, which is shared by Israel and some of the population in Palestine. The articles are written by a collection of bloggers primarily in English to reach an international audience.
Zach Johnson
Zachary Harris Johnson (born February 24, 1976) is an American professional golfer who has 12 victories on the PGA Tour, including two major championships, the 2007 Masters and the 2015 Open Championship. At the 2023 Ryder Cup, Johnson captained the U.S. squad against Europe in Rome, Italy.

FedEx Cup
The FedEx Cup is the championship trophy for the PGA Tour.  Its introduction in 2007 marked the first time that men's professional golf had a playoff system. Since its inception, the competition has been sponsored by FedEx. In 2022, the PGA Tour added the FedEx St. Jude Championship to the tournament, expanding the partnership with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital as the tournament's designated charity.

The FedEx Cup is a season long competition. Points are awarded based on finishing position in all PGA Tour sanctioned tournaments. The leading points earners throughout the regular season qualify for the playoffs. Players are further eliminated after each of the first two playoff events, with the leading 30 points earners qualifying for the Tour Championship.

Tommy Fleetwood is the current champion, after he won the Tour Championship in 2025.

Rory McIlroy has the most titles with three. The only other player to win multiple FedEx Cups is Tiger Woods, with two.
Little Mary Sunshine
Little Mary Sunshine is a musical that parodies old-fashioned operettas and musicals.  The book, music, and lyrics are by Rick Besoyan.  The original Off-Broadway production premiered November 18, 1959 at the Orpheum Theatre in New York City's East Village. Staying in the neighborhood, it moved to the Player's Theatre on June 21, 1961, then, finally, to the Cherry Lane Theatre on March 21, 1962. Closing was Sept. 2, 1962. Combined run was 1,143 performances.  It was seen briefly in a West End production in 1962 and has become a popular show for amateur and semi-professional groups in the United States and elsewhere.

The Vagabond King
The Vagabond King is a 1925 operetta by Rudolf Friml in four acts, with a book and lyrics by Brian Hooker and William H. Post, based upon Justin Huntly McCarthy's 1901 romantic novel and play If I Were King.  The story is a fictionalized episode in the life of the 15th-century poet and thief François Villon, centering on his wooing of Katherine De Vaucelles (the cousin of King Louis XI), and relating how he becomes “king for a day” and defends France against the invading forces of the Duke of Burgundy.

The original production opened on Broadway in 1925, starring Dennis King, and ran for 511 performances. The operetta then played in London, toured extensively and enjoyed revivals and two film adaptations, including one with King and Jeanette MacDonald.
Gino DiMare
Gino DiMare (born July 21, 1969) is an American baseball coach who was the former head baseball coach for the Miami Hurricanes baseball team at the University of Miami. DiMare played college baseball at the University of Miami under head coach Ron Fraser from 1989 to 1992 before pursuing a professional career.

DiMare began his head coaching career with the Hurricanes in 2019 after taking over for retiring head coach Jim Morris following the 2018 season.

DiMare previously spent 19 seasons as an assistant coach for the Hurricanes.

Ron Fraser
Ronald George Fraser (June 25, 1933 – January 20, 2013) was an American college baseball coach best known for his tenure at the University of Miami from 1963 to 1992. Nicknamed the "Wizard of College Baseball", he led the Miami Hurricanes baseball program to over 1,200 victories—his teams set an NCAA baseball record with playoff appearances in 20 consecutive seasons and won College World Series championships in 1982 and 1985.

Fraser managed the United States national baseball team on several occasions, including to its first ever world title at the 1973 Amateur World Series in Nicaragua and at the  1992 Summer Olympics. He also managed the Netherlands to two European championships in the 1960s.
Ground-Based Radar Prototype
The Ground-Based Radar Prototype (GBR-P) is an X-band mechanically slewed phased array radar system. It functions primarily as a fire control radar for ballistic missile defence. The radar is used for surveillance (autonomously or by cue from other sensors), and is designed to acquire, track, discriminate targets and provide kill assessment. The system is currently located at the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.

United States national missile defense
National missile defense (NMD) refers to the nationwide antimissile program the United States has had under development since the 1990s. After the renaming in 2002, the term now refers to the entire program, not just the ground-based interceptors and associated facilities.

Other elements that could potentially be integrated into NMD include anti-ballistic missiles, or sea-based, space-based, laser, and high altitude missile systems. The NMD program is limited in scope and designed to counter a relatively small ICBM attack from a less sophisticated adversary. Unlike the earlier Strategic Defense Initiative program, it is not designed to be a robust shield against a large attack from a technically sophisticated adversary.
Rasmus Bach
Rasmus Bach (born 22 July 1995) is a Danish-Australian former professional basketball player. Born in Denmark, Bach grew up in Australia and then attended high school in the United States. Between 2013 and 2018, he played college basketball for the Fort Lewis Skyhawks. He began his professional career in Denmark before joining the New Zealand Breakers of the Australian NBL in 2020. After a season with the Brisbane Bullets, he retired in 2023. Bach has represented the Denmark national team and holds an Australian passport.

NBL1 North
NBL1 North, formerly the Queensland Basketball League (QBL), is a semi-professional basketball league in Queensland, Australia, comprising both a men's and women's competition. In 2020, Basketball Queensland partnered with the National Basketball League (NBL) to bring NBL1 to Queensland. NBL1 replaced the former QBL to create more professional pathways and opportunities for males and females playing basketball in Queensland. As a result, the QBL became the north conference of NBL1.

In 2022, the league expanded into the Northern Territory with the addition of a club from Darwin.
TREX complex
The TREX (TRanscription-EXport) complex is a conserved eukaryotic multi-protein complex that couples mRNA transcription and nuclear export. The TREX complex travels across transcribed genes with RNA polymerase II. TREX binds mRNA and recruits transport proteins NXF1 and NXT1 (yeast Mex67 and Mtr2), which shuttle the mRNA out of the nucleus.  The TREX complex plays an important role in genome stability and neurodegenerative diseases.

RNA splicing
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the nucleus either during or immediately after transcription. For those eukaryotic genes that contain introns, splicing is usually needed to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein.  For many eukaryotic introns, splicing occurs in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). There exist self-splicing introns, that is, ribozymes that can catalyze their own excision from their parent RNA molecule. The process of transcription, splicing and translation is called gene expression, the central dogma of molecular biology.
Goldston–Pintz–Yıldırım sieve
The Goldston–Pintz–Yıldırım sieve (also called GPY sieve or GPY method) is a sieve method and variant of the Selberg sieve with generalized, multidimensional sieve weights. The sieve led to a series of important breakthroughs in analytic number theory.

It is named after the mathematicians Dan Goldston, János Pintz and Cem Yıldırım. They used it in 2005 to show that there are infinitely many prime tuples whose distances are arbitrarily smaller than the average distance that follows from the prime number theorem.

The sieve was then modified by Yitang Zhang in order to prove a finite bound on the smallest gap between two consecutive primes that is attained infinitely often.
Later the sieve was again modified by James Maynard (who lowered the bound to ) and by Terence Tao.

Selberg sieve
In number theory, the Selberg sieve is a technique for estimating the size of "sifted sets" of positive integers which satisfy a set of conditions which are expressed by congruences.  It was developed by Atle Selberg in the 1940s.
Vorbunker
The Vorbunker (upper bunker or forward bunker) was an underground concrete structure originally intended to be a temporary air-raid shelter for Adolf Hitler and his guards and servants. It was located behind the large reception hall that was added onto the old Reich Chancellery, in Berlin, Germany, in 1936. The bunker was officially called the "Reich Chancellery Air-Raid Shelter" until 1943, when the complex was expanded with the addition of the Führerbunker, located one level below. On 16 January 1945, Hitler moved into the Führerbunker. He was joined by his senior staff, including Martin Bormann. Later, Eva Braun and Joseph Goebbels moved into the Führerbunker while Magda Goebbels and their six children took residence in the upper Vorbunker. The Goebbels family lived in the Vorbunker until their deaths on 1 May 1945.

Air raid shelter
Air raid shelters are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air. They are similar to bunkers in many regards, although they are not designed to defend against ground attack (but many have been used as defensive structures in such situations).
Index of computing articles
Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and the science and technology of mathematical calculations. Today, "computing" means using computers and other computing machines. It includes their operation and usage, the electrical processes carried out within the computing hardware itself, and the theoretical concepts governing them (computer science).

See also: List of programmers, List of computing people, List of computer scientists, List of basic computer science topics, List of terms relating to algorithms and data structures.

Topics on computing include:

I486SX
The i486SX was a microprocessor originally released by Intel in 1991. It was a modified Intel i486DX microprocessor with its floating-point unit (FPU) disabled. It was intended as a lower-cost CPU for use in low-end systems—selling for US$258—adapting the SX suffix of the earlier i386SX in order to connote a lower-cost option. However, unlike the i386SX, which had a 16-bit external data bus and a 24-bit external address bus (compared to the fully 32-bit i386DX, its higher-cost counterpoint), the i486SX was entirely 32-bit.: 117  The Intel486 SX-20 CPU can perform up 20 MIPS at 25 MHz while this can also perform 70% faster than the 33 MHz Intel386 DX with external cache.
Tadahiko Mibuchi
Tadahiko Mibuchi (三淵 忠彦, Mibuchi Tadahiko, March 3, 1880 – July 14, 1950) was the first Chief Justice of Japan (1947–1950) and the father of  Mibuchi Shinzaburō, a businessman who was in the insurance industry.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan
The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Japan (最高裁判所長官, Saikōsaibansho-chōkan) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Japan and is the head of the judicial branch of the Japanese government.

The chief justice is ceremonially appointed by the emperor of Japan after being nominated by the Cabinet; in practice, this is following the recommendation of the retiring chief justice.
Mahler volume
In convex geometry, the Mahler volume of a centrally symmetric convex body is a dimensionless quantity that is associated with the body and is invariant under linear transformations. It is named after German-English mathematician Kurt Mahler. It is known that the shapes with the largest possible Mahler volume are the balls and solid ellipsoids; this is now known as the Blaschke–Santaló inequality. The still-unsolved Mahler conjecture states that the minimum possible Mahler volume is attained by a hypercube.

Convex geometry
In mathematics, convex geometry is the branch of geometry studying convex sets, mainly in Euclidean space. Convex sets occur naturally in many areas: computational geometry, convex analysis, discrete geometry, functional analysis, geometry of numbers, integral geometry, linear programming, probability theory, game theory, etc.
YF-90
The YF-90 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in a staged combustion cycle. It is China's first hydrogen-oxygen engine to use the staged combustion cycle and is expected to be used for the second stage of the Long March 9, which is a three-stage rocket with boosters. The engine has advanced features such as variable thrust, multiple ignitions, and automatic fault diagnosis.

Cryogenic rocket engine
A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel and oxidizer; that is, both its fuel and oxidizer are gases which have been liquefied and are stored at very low temperatures. These highly efficient engines were first flown on the US Atlas-Centaur and were one of the main factors of NASA's success in reaching the Moon by the Saturn V rocket.

Rocket engines burning cryogenic propellants remain in use today on high performance upper stages and boosters. Upper stages are numerous. Boosters include ESA's Ariane 6, ISRO's GSLV, LVM3, JAXA's H-II, NASA's Space Launch System. The United States, Russia, India, Japan, France and China are the only countries that have operational cryogenic rocket engines.
Strugi, Łódź Voivodeship
Strugi [ˈstruɡi] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzchlas, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Wierzchlas, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 90 km (56 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wierzchlas, Łódź Voivodeship
Wierzchlas [ˈvjɛʂxlas] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wierzchlas. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Wieluń and 86 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
WKTU
WKTU (103.5 FM) is a rhythmic adult contemporary formatted radio station licensed to Lake Success, New York, a suburb of New York City. WKTU is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts from studios at 125 West 55th Street in  Midtown Manhattan; its transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.

KPWR
KPWR (105.9 FM) – branded as Power 106 – is a commercial radio station in Los Angeles, California, broadcasting to the Greater Los Angeles area. KPWR is owned and operated by Alex Meruelo's Meruelo Group, through licensee KPWR Radio Holdings LLC, and airs a rhythmic hot AC format. KPWR's studios are based in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, and the transmitter is on Mount Wilson. Meruelo acquired KPWR from Emmis Communications for $82.75 million in May 2017, officially bringing the station under common ownership with KDAY, KDEY-FM and KBEH on August 1, 2017.
Gas immersion laser doping
Gas immersion laser doping (GILD) is a method of doping a semiconductor material such as silicon.

In the case of doping silicon with boron to create a P-type semiconductor material, a thin wafer of silicon is placed in a containment chamber and is immersed in boron gas. A pulsed laser is directed at the silicon wafer and this results in localised melting and subsequent recrystallisation of the silicon wafer material, allowing boron atoms in the gas to diffuse into the molten sections of the silicon wafer. The result of this process is a silicon wafer with boron impurities, creating a P-type semiconductor.

Wafer (electronics)
In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells.

The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon the wafer. It undergoes many microfabrication processes, such as doping, ion implantation, etching, thin-film deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. Finally, the individual microcircuits are separated by wafer dicing and packaged as an integrated circuit.
Badrul Islam Ali Khan
Badrul Islam Ali Khan was a barrister in Amritsar, Punjab, during British rule in India. On 19 April 1919, shortly after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he was arrested after being named by the approver, Hans Raj. He was accused of organising meetings  at Jallianwala Bagh, to demand the release of Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, who had spoken out about the impact of the Rowlatt Act on Indians. He was later found not guilty and acquitted.

Rowlatt Act
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a law, applied during the British India period. It was a legislative council act hurriedly passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919, despite the united opposition of its Indian members, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, imprisonment without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of India Act 1915 during the First World War. It was enacted in the light of a perceived threat from revolutionary nationalists of re-engaging in similar conspiracies as had occurred during the war which the Government felt the lapse of the Defence of India Act would enable.: 137
Olof Mellberg
Erik Olof Mellberg (pronounced [ˈûːlɔf ˈmɛ̂lːbærj]; born 3 September 1977) is a Swedish football manager and former professional player.

During his career, Mellberg played as a defender, with his longest spell being at Premier League club Aston Villa. He also played in Sweden, Spain, Italy, Greece and Denmark, for clubs including Juventus and Olympiacos.

Mellberg played for Sweden at the World Cup in 2002 and 2006, as well as the European Championship in 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. A former captain of the national team, he scored eight goals in 117 caps between 2000 and 2012.

Mellberg began managing Brommapojkarna in 2015 and won the third and second divisions in consecutive seasons before managing them in Allsvenskan in a later spell. He also led Helsingborg in his country's top flight, and was manager of St. Louis City SC of Major League Soccer in 2025.

2010–11 Super League Greece
The 2010–11 Super League Greece was the 75th season of the highest football league of Greece and the fifth under the name Super League. The league consisted of 16 teams, the 13 best teams of the 2009–10 season and three teams that had been promoted from the 2009–10 Beta Ethniki.

The season began on 27 August 2010 with the first matches of the regular season and ended on 25 May 2011 with the last matches of the European playoff round. Panathinaikos were the defending champions, having won their 20th Greek championship in the 2009–10 season.
The season was marred by Koriopolis, a match-fixing scandal which involved several teams from the top three leagues of Greek football.