hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herfried Münkler
Herfried Münkler (born August 15, 1951) is a German political scientist. He is a Professor of Political Theory at Humboldt University in Berlin. Münkler is a regular commentator on global affairs in the German-language media and author of numerous books on the history of political ideas (German:  Ideengeschichte), on state-building and on the theory of war, such as "Machiavelli" (1982), "Gewalt und Ordnung" (1992), "The New Wars" (orig. 2002) and "Empires: The Logic of World Domination from Ancient Rome to the United States" (orig. 2005). In 2009 Münkler was awarded the Leipzig Book Fair Prize in the category "Non-fiction" for Die Deutschen und ihre Mythen (engl. "the Germans and their myths").

German studies
German studies is an academic field that researches, documents and disseminates German language, literature, and culture in its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies therefore often focus on German culture, German history, and German politics in addition to the language and literature component. Approaches to the discipline vary by country. Modern German studies is usually seen as a combination of two sub-disciplines: German linguistics alongside Germanophone literature and cultural studies.

Common names for "German Studies" for the field within German-speaking countries are Germanistik, Deutsche Philologie, and Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft und Literaturwissenschaft. In English, the terms Germanistics or Germanics are sometimes used (mostly by Germans), but the subject is more often referred to as German studies, German language and literature, or German philology. Academics who specialize in German studies are referred to as Germanists.
Casbas Monastery
The Casbas Monastery, also known as the Monastery of Santa Maria de la Gloria, is in Casbas de Huesca, a municipality in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. A Bien de Interés Cultural (National Monument), it was established in 1173 by Countess Oria de Pallars (or Aurea) with the support of her husband Arnau Mir, Count of Pallars Jussà, between 1124 and 1174, and the Bishop of Huesca, Esteve de Sant Martí. Bishop Esteve had previously been the abbot of the Cistercian Monastery of Poblet from 1160 until 1165. The first abbess was Isabel, who ruled over the 30 noblewomen who entered the community until 1182. The abbess of Casbas had civil and criminal jurisdiction over her lands beginning in 1178. The Benedictine community of women formally came under the auspices of the Cistercian order in 1196, recognized as such by Pope Celestine III.

Poblet Abbey
Poblet Abbey, otherwise the Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet (Catalan: Reial Monestir de Santa Maria de Poblet), is a Cistercian monastery, founded in 1151, located at the foot of the Prades Mountains, in the comarca of Conca de Barberà, in Catalonia (Spain). It was founded by Cistercian monks from France. The main architect was Arnau Bargués.

This monastery was the first of three sister monasteries, known as the Cistercian triangle, that helped consolidate power in Catalonia in the 12th century. (The other two are Vallbona de les Monges and Santes Creus.)
2018 Men's European Volleyball League
The 2018 Men's European Volleyball League was the 15th edition of the annual Men's European Volleyball League, which featured men's national volleyball teams from twenty European countries.
Unlike previous seasons, the tournament had two groups: the Golden League, featuring twelve teams, and the Silver League, featuring eight teams.

It also acted as the European qualifying competition for the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's Challenger Cup, securing two vacancies for the tournament that then served as the qualifying competition for the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League.

2018 FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup
The 2018 FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup was the inaugural edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Challenger Cup, a new annual men's international volleyball tournament contested by six national teams that acts as a qualifier for the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League. The tournament was held in Matosinhos, Portugal from 20 to 24 June 2018.

Portugal won the title, defeating Czech Republic in the final, and earned the right to participate in the 2019 Nations League replacing South Korea, the last placed challenger team after the 2018 edition. Estonia defeated Cuba in the 3rd place match.
Netheravon
Netheravon is a village and civil parish on the River Avon and A345 road, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the town of Amesbury in Wiltshire, South West England. It is within Salisbury Plain.

The village is on the right (west) bank of the Avon, opposite Fittleton. The parish extends west onto Netheravon Down.

Amesbury
Amesbury (/ˈeɪmzbəri/) is a town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It is known for the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge which is within the parish. The town is claimed to be the oldest occupied settlement in Great Britain, having been first settled around 8820 BC. The parish includes the hamlets of Ratfyn and West Amesbury, and part of Boscombe Down military airfield.
Titanic Collapsible Boat A
Collapsible Boat A was a lifeboat from the Titanic. It was one of the last boats launched to sea, over two and a half hours after the Titanic collided with an iceberg and began sinking on 14 April 1912. Collapsible A could not be successfully launched, and it was washed off deck and partially submerged when the Titanic made her final plunge at 2.20 am. Despite being dangerously overloaded by the many people that climbed into her from the freezing water, most died of hypothermia or fell back into the sea. Only about 14 people including one woman were still alive on Collapsible A when they were rescued by Lifeboat No. 14 led by Fifth Officer Lowe.

Henry Tingle Wilde
Lieutenant Henry Tingle Wilde RNR (21 September 1872 – 15 April 1912) was a British Merchant Navy officer who was the chief officer of the RMS Titanic during her ill-fated maiden voyage. Wilde died during the sinking, alongside 1,500 others.
Jake Odum
Jacob Andrew Odum (born February 11, 1991) is an American basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Indiana State Sycamores.  He played professionally as a point guard-shooting guard.

Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The State Farm Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament, commonly called Arch Madness, is an annual basketball tournament which features the men's basketball teams of each of the Missouri Valley Conference member universities.  The tournament, held in St. Louis since 1991, determines which MVC team receives an automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Arch Madness celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2020.

The tournament is the second longest running tournament in NCAA Division I to continuously be held in one city, next to the Big East men's basketball tournament.
Paul Bara
Paul Bara  is a Grower Champagne producer and an original member of the Club Trésors de Champagne.
Paul Bara is a seventh-generation family business currently managed by Chantale Bara. Champagne Paul Bara is one of the few Grower Champagne producers in Bouzy.  The planted vineyards are 11 hectares in area. Only the first pressing of the grapes is used in Paul Bara wines.

Grower Champagne
Grower Champagnes or Artisan Champagnes are Champagnes produced by the estate that owns the vineyards where the grapes are grown. Récoltant-Manipulant is the term in French, and Grower Champagnes can be identified by "RM" on the wine label. While large Champagne houses such as Mumm, Moët et Chandon and Veuve Clicquot may use grapes from as many as 80 different vineyards in the Champagne region to create a consistent house style, Grower Champagnes tend to be more terroir-focused, sourced from a single vineyard or closely located vineyards around a village, and made with grapes which vary with each vintage. Today there are over 19,000 independent growers in the Champagne region, accounting for nearly 88% of vineyard land in the region; around 5,000 of these growers produce wine from their own grapes. Of the Champagne imported into the US in 2014, only 5% was Grower Champagne.
Diffuse optical mammography
Diffuse optical mammography, or simply optical mammography, is an emerging imaging technique that enables the investigation of the breast composition through spectral analysis. It combines in a single non-invasive tool the capability to implement breast cancer risk assessment, lesion characterization, therapy monitoring and prediction of therapy outcome. It is an application of diffuse optics, which studies light propagation in strongly diffusive media, such as biological tissues, working in the red and near-infrared spectral range, between 600 and 1100 nm.

Near-infrared window in biological tissue
The near-infrared (NIR) window (also known as optical window or therapeutic window) defines the range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre (nm) where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue. Within the NIR window, scattering is the most dominant light-tissue interaction, and therefore the propagating light becomes diffused rapidly. Since scattering increases the distance travelled by photons within tissue, the probability of photon absorption also increases. The NIR window is primarily limited by the light absorption of blood at short wavelengths and water at long wavelengths. The technique using this window is called NIRS. Medical imaging techniques such as fluorescence image-guided surgery often make use of the NIR window to detect deep structures.
Capital Dynamics
icapital.biz Berhad (MYX: 5108) is a Malaysia's only closed-end listed fund, listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia. The fund is managed by Capital Dynamics Asset Management Sdn Bhd and advised by Capital Dynamics Sdn. Bhd.

Capital Dynamics is an independent fund management and investment advisory firm. With locations in Sydney, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai and Hong Kong, Capital Dynamics is Asia’s first global investment house.

Bursa Malaysia
Bursa Malaysia (MYX or MSX; lit. 'Malaysian Bourse'  or 'Malaysia Exchange') is the stock exchange in Malaysia. It is one of the largest bourses in ASEAN. It is based in Kuala Lumpur and was previously known as the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). It provides full integration of transactions, offering a wide range of currency exchange and related services, including trading, settlement, clearing and savings services.

Along with the Securities Commission of Malaysia, the stock exchange regulates the capital market in Malaysia and, through its facilities, upholds the duty to manage and maintain order in the trading of stocks, bonds and derivatives.
Jan Jansson (footballer)
Anders Jan Ove Jansson (born 26 January 1968) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. At the club level he represented Kalmar FF, Östers IF, IFK Norrköping, and Port Vale between 1985 and 2001. He won seven caps for the Sweden national team between 1991 and 1994 and was a squad member for his country at UEFA Euro 1992.

Ettan Fotboll
Ettan Fotboll, or simply Ettan (English: the first [division]), which also is its common name in everyday speech, is the third level in the Swedish football league system and consists of 32 Swedish football teams. It was formerly simply known as Division 1. Division 1 was the second tier from 1987 to 1999, but was replaced by Superettan in 2000. It was reestablished for the 2006 season as the third tier below Superettan.
1853 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1853 in New Zealand.

The old provinces of New Munster and New Ulster are abolished and replaced by the Provinces of New Zealand. The first general election is held marking a major step on the way to self-government.

1st New Zealand Parliament
The 1st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election (held the previous year). It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election.  There were 37 Members of the House of Representatives (MHRs) representing 24 electorates.
Hamada Emam
Mohamed Yehia el-Horria Mohamed Emam (Arabic: محمد يحيى الحرية محمد إمام‎; 28 November 1943 – 9 January 2016), known as Hamada Emam (Arabic: حمادة إمام), was the Vice President of the Egyptian Football Association (EFA) and a former Egyptian football player. A prolific goal scorer, he scored 74 goals for Zamalek in the Egyptian Premier League. He was nicknamed "The Fox" by Egyptian fans. Emam spent his entire career with Zamalek, and scored 84 goals for the team in all competitions.

After retirement, Emam worked in sports management. He also worked as a football pundit. He became Zamalek's vice president for more than a period. As a player, Emam is considered as one of the best Egyptian players of all time.

1964–65 Egyptian Premier League
The 1964–65 Egyptian Premier League, was the 15th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 6 November 1964 and concluded on 11 June 1965.
Zamalek won the league for the third time in the club's history.
Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh
Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh (Persian: جواد سعدالدوله ‎;1856 in Khoy– February 3, 1930 in Tehran), was an acting Prime Minister of Qajar era Iran. Sa'd al-Dowleh was Iran's Ambassador to Belgium from 1893 to 1896.

Prime Minister of Iran
Prime minister of Iran was a political post in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty, and continued into the Pahlavi dynasty from 1923 and, following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, into the Islamic Republic of Iran, before being abolished in 1989.
San Marcellino
San Marcellino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Caserta.

San Marcellino borders the following municipalities: Aversa, Casapesenna, Frignano, Trentola-Ducenta, Villa di Briano.

Casapesenna
Casapesenna (Campanian: Casapesélle) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Naples and about 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Caserta.
Mulakulam
Mulakulam is a village spread over the Kottayam and Ernakulam districts of Kerala, India, and is situated on the banks of the River Muvattupuzha. Mulakulam lies in one municipality viz Piravom municipality and Mulakulam grama panchayath. While Mulakulam North falls under the purview of Piravom municipality in Ernakulam District, Mulakulam South is governed by the Mulakulam panchayat of Kottayam district. The village is located about 38 kilometers from both Kottayam town and Kochi city (the commercial capital of Kerala). Piravom and Elanji is the nearest town. The population of this village is about 22360 people.

Piravom
Piravom (Malayalam pronunciation: [piraʋəm]) is a town and municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. It is located 30 km from Ernakulam, the nearest city and 22 km (13.7 mi) south of the district collectorate in Thrikkakara.The Piravom Road Railway Station is situated 9 km from the town. Piravom is known for its rich cultural and religious heritage, with two major festivals attracting large crowds each year. The Piravom Pally Perunnal and Sivarathri at Pazhoor Perumthrikkovil Temple. As per the 2011 Indian census, Piravom has a population of 27,229 people, and a population density of 927/km2 (2,400/sq mi).
King County Labor Council
The Martin Luther King, Jr. County Labor Council (MLKCLC) is the central body of labor organizations in King County, Washington. The MLKCLC is affiliated with the national AFL–CIO, the central labor organization in the United States, which represents more than 13 million working people. Over 125 organizations are affiliated with the MLKCLC, and more than 75,000 workers belong to Council-affiliated organizations. In addition to supporting labor organizations, it acts as a voice for the interests and needs of the working people in King County, WA.

International Brotherhood of Teamsters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) is a labor union in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1903 by the merger of the Team Drivers International Union and the Teamsters National Union, the union now represents a diverse membership of blue- and white-collar workers in both the public and private sectors, totalling about 1.3 million members in 2015. The union was formerly called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America.
Oh-Wah-Ree
Oh-Wah-Ree is a mancala variant designed by Alex Randolph and published in 1962 by 3M as part of their bookshelf game line. The name "Oh-Wah-Ree" is taken from Oware, a typical West African game for which it is based on. It is played on a board with a ring of pits and stone playing pieces, distinguished from other mancala variants by the use of a second ring of holes to mark ownership of pits by the players, allowing play between more than two players at a time. The object is to capture the opponents' stones.

Mancala
Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, marbles or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface.  The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.

Versions of the game date back past the 3rd century and evidence suggests such games existed in Ancient Egypt. It is among the oldest known family of games still widely played today.
Antandrus
Antandrus or Antandros (Ancient Greek: Ἄντανδρος) was an ancient Greek city on the north side of the Gulf of Adramyttium in the Troad region of Anatolia. Its surrounding territory was known in Greek as Ἀντανδρία (Antandria), and included the towns of Aspaneus on the coast and Astyra to the east. It has been located on Devren hill between the modern village of Avcılar and the town of Altınoluk in the Edremit district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey.

Aeolians
The Aeolians (/iːˈoʊliənz/; Greek: Αἰολεῖς, Aioleis) were one of the four major tribes into which Greeks divided themselves in the ancient period (along with the Achaeans, Dorians and Ionians). They originated in the eastern parts of the Greek mainland, notably in Thessaly and Boeotia. By c. 1100 BC, the Aeolians began their early settlements on the west coast of Anatolia, known as Aeolis, comprising the territory between Troas and Ionia, as well as on the Aegean islands of Lesbos and Tenedos. A second round of Aeolian settlements took place during the 7th century. They spoke Aeolic, a dialect of Ancient Greek most famously known for its use by poets like Sappho and Alcaeus from Lesbos, and Corinna from Boeotia.
Pradeep Rimal
Pradeep Rimal (1937–2015) was a Nepalese film director, lyricist, screenwriter and cultural anthropologist. He is best known for directing Silu, the first Newar language film. In 1971, he won the Madan Puraskar for Karnali Lok Sanskriti. He wrote lyrics for many songs among which 'Kasturi Ho Baas Aauncha Bhanchhan' and 'Yo Barsa Chhodi Malai...' were sung by Narayan Gopal.

Madan Puraskar
The Madan Puraskar (Nepali: मदन पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in Nepal which Madan Puraskar Guthi confers annually for an outstanding book in the Nepali language published within the calendar year. It is considered as the most prestigious literature award in Nepal. It is awarded on the day of Ghatasthapana every year alongside Jagadamba Shree Puraskar.
Blue Ridge Mountains Council
The Blue Ridge Mountains Council is a Scouting America council located in Roanoke, Virginia, that serves Scouts in southwest and south central Virginia.  The Blue Ridge Mountains Council owns and operates the Blue Ridge Scout Reservation in Pulaski County, Virginia, the largest Council-owned Scout reservation in the United States.  The council's Tutelo Lodge is part of the Order of the Arrow.

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve
The New River Gorge National Park and Preserve is a United States national park and preserve designed to protect and maintain the New River Gorge in southern West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains.  Established in 1978 as a national river and redesignated in 2020, the park and preserve stretches for 53 miles (85 km) from just downstream of Hinton to Hawks Nest State Park near Ansted.

The park is rich in cultural and natural history and offers an abundance of scenic and recreational opportunities. New River Gorge has some of the country's best whitewater rafting, mainly from the Cunard put-in to the Fayette Station take-out, and is also one of the most popular climbing areas on the East Coast. The New River itself originates in North Carolina, flowing north through Virginia into the West Virginia mountains to the Kanawha River which continues to the Ohio River.
Hurdle model
A hurdle model is a class of statistical models where a random variable is modelled using two parts, the first of which is the probability of attaining the value 0, and the second part models the probability of the non-zero values. The use of hurdle models is often motivated by an excess of zeroes in the data that is not sufficiently accounted for in more standard statistical models.

In a hurdle model, a random variable x is modelled as

where  is a truncated probability distribution function, truncated at 0.

Hurdle models were introduced by John G. Cragg in 1971, where the non-zero values of x were modelled using a normal model, and a probit model was used to model the zeros. The probit part of the model was said to model the presence of "hurdles" that must be overcome for the values of x to attain non-zero values, hence the designation hurdle model. Hurdle models were later developed for count data, with Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial models for the non-zero counts .

Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).
(84719) 2002 VR128
(84719) 2002 VR128 (provisional designation 2002 VR128) is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). It was discovered in 2002 by Michael Brown and Chad Trujillo. The object is a plutino, an object in 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune.

The size of 2002 VR128 was measured by the Herschel Space Telescope to be 448.5+42.1−43.2 km. The surface of 2002 VR128 is red in the visible spectral range.

Plutino
In astronomy, the plutinos are a dynamical group of trans-Neptunian objects that orbit in 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Neptune. This means that for every two orbits a plutino makes, Neptune orbits three times. The dwarf planet Pluto is the largest member as well as the namesake of this group. The next largest members are Orcus, Achlys, and Ixion. Plutinos are named after mythological creatures associated with the underworld.

Plutinos form the inner part of the Kuiper belt and represent about a quarter of the known Kuiper belt objects. They are also the most populous known class of resonant trans-Neptunian objects (also see adjunct box with hierarchical listing). The first plutino after Pluto itself, (385185) 1993 RO, was discovered on 16 September 1993.