hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Associativity equation
The associativity equation or associativity functional equation is the functional equation

for a function .
It characterizes those binary operations  on a set  that are associative in the usual algebraic sense, and therefore underlies the study of semigroups and many kinds of aggregation operators.
When additional regularity conditions (such as continuity and monotonicity) are imposed, the equation has a rich and fairly explicit theory of solutions.

T-norm
In mathematics, a t-norm (also T-norm or, unabbreviated, triangular norm) is a kind of binary operation used in the framework of probabilistic metric spaces and in multi-valued logic, specifically in fuzzy logic. A t-norm generalizes intersection in a lattice and conjunction in logic. The name triangular norm refers to the fact that in the framework of probabilistic metric spaces t-norms are used to generalize the triangle inequality of ordinary metric spaces.
Swainson Island
Swainson Island is an unpopulated island with an adjacent islet, located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Situated near where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean, the 4.14-hectare (10.2-acre) island is part of the Swainson Islands Group, and comprises part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.

Swainson Islands
The Swainson Islands are an unpopulated group of five islands and rocks located off the south western coast of Tasmania, Australia. The 15.76-hectare (38.9-acre) group of islands are situated close to the southern end of the western coast of Tasmania, where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean. The Swainson Islands are part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.

The islands that comprise the group are:
Rhoiteion
Rhoiteion (Ancient Greek: Ῥοίτειον, romanized: Rhoiteion, Latin: Rhoeteum) was an ancient Greek city in the northern Troad region of Anatolia, also known as Ῥοίτιον ἄκρον.
Its territory was bounded to the south and west by the Simoeis river and to the east by Ophryneion. It was located on the Baba Kale spur of Çakal Tepe north of Halileli and west of İntepe (previously known as Erenköy) in Çanakkale Province, Turkey.

Mytilene
Mytilene (/ˌmɪtɪˈliːni/; Greek: Μυτιλήνη, romanized: Mytilíni [mitiˈlini] ⓘ) is the capital of the Greek island of Lesbos, and its port. It is also the capital and administrative center of the North Aegean Region, and hosts the headquarters of the University of the Aegean. It was founded in the 11th century BC.

Mytilene is one of the two municipalities on the island of Lesbos, created in 2019; the other is West Lesbos. Mytilene is built on the southeast edge of the island. It is the seat of a metropolitan bishop of the Greek Orthodox Church.
Eucalyptus dissimulata
Eucalyptus dissimulata, commonly known as the red-capped mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth greyish bark that is shed in strips, glossy green, narrow elliptic to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, creamy white flowers and short cylindrical to stubby barrel-shaped fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Lewis Deane
Lewis Seymour Deane (12 March 1882 – 18 December 1934) was an Anglo-Indian tennis player.

Born in Meerut, Deane was the second son of British Indian Army captain George Deane of the Bengal Lancers.

Deane, a champion of Bengal and Punjab, played in India's first ever Davis Cup team in 1921, with the side going through to the semi-finals. He twice reached the Wimbledon men's doubles semi-finals (with Sydney Jacob in 1921 & Hassan Ali Fyzee in 1923) and was a mixed doubles finalist at the 1923 Wimbledon Championships.

Sydney Jacob
Sydney Montague Jacob (28 October 1879 – 14 February 1977) was an Anglo-Indian tennis player who represented India at the Davis Cup and Olympic Games. He was active from 1907 to 1928 and won 15 career singles titles.
Willie O'Dea
William Gerard O'Dea (/ˈdi/ DEE; born 1 November 1952) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick City constituency since 2011, and previously from 1982 to 2011 for the Limerick East constituency. He has served as Minister for Defence from 2004 to 2010, and was a Minister of State in different departments from 1992 to 1994, and again from 1997 to 2004.

Minister of State at the Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration
The Minister of State at the Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration of the Government of Ireland who performs duties and functions delegated by the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

There are currently two Ministers of State:

Niall Collins, TD – Minister of State for International law, law reform and youth justice

Colm Brophy, TD – Minister of State for Migration
Italy national under-18 football team
The Italian national under-18 football team represents Italy in international football at an under-18 age level and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Gioco Calcio), the governing body for football in Italy. The team was known as Italy national under-17 football team prior 2001.

The current coach is Daniele Franceschini.

The under-18 team were compose of players from Italy national under-17 football team of the previous season, as well as new call-up. The team acted as the feeder team of Italy national under-19 football team, which compete in UEFA European Under-19 Championship.

Before 2001, the name of the under-18 team was Italian national under-17 football team (as well as the current under-19 team, was named under-18). However, the age limit of the team was always under-17 (calendar age) at the start of season, or under-18 (calendar age) at the end of season. In the past, the cut-off date was on 1 August instead of 1 January.

Italy national under-17 football team
The Italy national U-17 football team is the national under-17 football team of Italy and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation.

The team competes in the UEFA European Under-17 Championship, held every year. If qualified, the team also competes in the FIFA U-17 World Cup, which is held every two years.
2005 NAWIRA Women's Sevens
The 2005 NAWIRA Women's Sevens was the inaugural tournament of the NAWIRA Women's Sevens and was held on 19 and 20 November 2005 in Barbados. The competition was played as a round-robin with seven teams competing, the United States went undefeated to win the tournament. There was also an exhibition match played between USA and a combined West Indies team.

Rugby Americas North Women's Sevens
The Rugby Americas North Women's Sevens (RAN Women's Sevens) is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in North America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held over two days, typically on a weekend in November. It is sanctioned and sponsored by Rugby Americas North, which is the governing body for the region. Prior to 2016, it was referred to as the North America and Caribbean Women's Sevens (NACRA Women's Sevens).
Vestre Gausdal Municipality
Vestre Gausdal is a former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The 956-square-kilometre (369 sq mi) municipality existed from 1879 until its dissolution in 1962. The area is now part of Gausdal Municipality in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre was the village of Forset.

Prior to its dissolution in 1962, the 955.8-square-kilometre (369.0 sq mi) municipality was the 90th largest by area out of the 731 municipalities in Norway. Vestre Gausdal Municipality was the 351st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,630. The municipality's population density was 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.3/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 6.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Radical People's Party (Norway)
The Radical People's Party (Norwegian: Det radikale folkeparti), founded as the Labour Democrats (Norwegian: Arbeiderdemokratene), was a radical political party in Norway mainly active from 1906 to 1936, targeting workers and smallholders. The party was founded by Johan Castberg, who led the party until his death in 1926. He was succeeded in this position by Alf Mjøen, who also represented the party as a member of the Storting.
Maere Studios
Maere Studios is a visual effects, design, and animation studio in New York City founded by Nicholas Ashe Bateman. The studio was initially formed by Bateman to make the microbudget feature film The Wanting Mare.

The studio has done the visual effects for over 25 films including The Green Knight, Peter Pan & Wendy, Origin, Knock at the Cabin, Y2K, An Almost Christmas Story, Free Solo, Caddo Lake, and the music video for Father John Misty’s song "Funny Girl".

In 2024, Maere Studios designed and did all visual effects for the short film An Almost Christmas Story, which premiered on Disney+. The animated short was a co‑production between Maere Studios, Disney Television Studios, Alfonso Cuarón's Esperanto Filmoj, and Titmouse, Inc.

In 2025, Maere Studios announced its first original animated feature film, a fantasy epic The Turning Door, written and directed by Bateman. The film features the voices of Alicia Vikander, Jamie Dornan, Gillian Anderson, Jodie Turner-Smith, and Bill Nighy.

Titmouse, Inc.
Titmouse, Inc. (also known as Titmouse Animation or simply Titmouse; formerly known as Titmouse Productions) is an American animation studio based in Los Angeles, California founded in 2000 by Chris and Shannon Prynoski. The studio develops and produces animated television programs, feature films, music videos, title sequences, commercials, and short films. Its name is derived from the titmouse, which serves as the company's mascot.
Portishead discography
The discography of British trip hop group Portishead consists of three studio albums, one live album, one compilation, ten singles and one video album. The Bristol-based band consists of Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons and Adrian Utley.

Geoff Barrow
Geoffrey Paul Barrow (born 9 December 1971) is an English music producer, composer, and DJ. He is a member of the bands Portishead, Beak, and Quakers, and he has scored several films.

Portishead was formed in 1991. He named the band after the small coastal town near Bristol where Barrow grew up. On his intentions in forming Portishead, he has stated, "I just wanted to make interesting music, proper songs with a proper life span and a decent place in people's record collections." Barrow and Portishead became major figures in the Bristol underground scene, which gave rise to many artists with whom Barrow came to work in different capacities.
General denial
In pleading, a general denial is a denial that relates to all allegations which are not otherwise pleaded to.  Many legal systems provide that in a statement of defense, any allegation made by the plaintiff which is not traversed (i.e. specifically denied or "not-admitted") is deemed to have been admitted by the defendants.  Accordingly, it became common practice to add a general denial at the end of a statement of defense to make sure that nothing was accidentally admitted in this fashion.

In English law, the usual form of general denial was normally phrased:

"Except as hereinbefore expressly admitted or not-admitted, each and every paragraph of the statement of claim is denied as if set out herein seriatim."

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
Standing Stones of Stenness
The Standing Stones of Stenness are a Neolithic monument five miles northeast of Stromness on the mainland of Orkney, Scotland. This may be the oldest henge site in the British Isles. Various traditions associated with the stones survived into the modern era and they form part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site. They are cared for by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument.

Stromness
Stromness (locally /ˈstrʌmnɪs/, Old Norse: Straumnes; Norn: Stromnes) is the second-most populous town in Orkney, Scotland. It is in the southwestern part of Mainland, Orkney. It is a burgh with a parish around the outside with the town of Stromness as its capital.
Naryn District
Naryn District (Kyrgyz: Нарын району, romanized: Naryn rayonu, before 2004: Tyanshan District) is a district of Naryn Region in central-southern Kyrgyzstan. The administrative seat lies at the city of Naryn, which is not part of the district. Naryn District was established in its borders in 1930. It borders At-Bashy District to the south, Ak-Talaa District to the west, Kochkor District to the north, Tong District to the north-east, Jeti-Ögüz District to the east, and Lake Song Köl to the north-west. Its area is 10,502 km2 (4,055 sq mi), and its resident population was 49,955 in 2021.

The district is characterized by the scenic Tian Shan Mountains, alpine pastures and Lake Song Köl which during summer months attracts large herds of sheep and horses with their herders and their yurts.

Kochkor District
Kochkor (Kyrgyz: Кочкор району) is a district of Naryn Region in northern-central Kyrgyzstan. The administrative seat lies at Kochkor. Its area is 5,868 km2 (2,266 sq mi), and its resident population was 67,363 in 2021.
Methacrolein
Methacrolein, or methacrylaldehyde, is an unsaturated aldehyde.  It is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid.

Methacrolein is one of two major products resulting from the reaction of isoprene with OH in the atmosphere, the other product being methyl vinyl ketone (MVK, also known as butenone). These compounds are important components of the atmospheric oxidation chemistry of biogenic chemicals, which can result in the formation of ozone and/or particulates. Methacrylaldehyde is also present in cigarette smoke. It can  be found in the essential oil of the plant Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) which contains 5% methacrolein.

Industrially, the primary use of methacrolein is in the manufacture of polymers and synthetic resins.

Exposure to methacrolein is highly irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs.

Isoprene
Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common volatile organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2. In its pure form it is a colorless volatile liquid. It is produced by many plants and animals (including humans) and its polymers are the main component of natural rubber.
Neil Chriss
Neil A. Chriss is a mathematician, academic, hedge fund manager, philanthropist and a founding board member of the charity organization "Math for America" which seeks to improve math education in the United States.  Chriss also serves on the board of trustees of the Institute for Advanced Study.

AQR Capital Management
AQR Capital Management (short for Applied Quantitative Research) is a global investment management firm based in Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. The firm, which was founded in 1998 by Cliff Asness, David Kabiller, John Liew, and Robert Krail, offers a variety of quantitatively driven alternative and traditional investment vehicles to both institutional clients and financial advisors. The firm is primarily owned by its founders and principals. AQR has additional offices in Bengaluru, Hong Kong, London, Sydney, Munich and Dubai.
Valuation (algebra)
In algebra (in particular in algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory), a valuation is a function on a field that provides a measure of the size or multiplicity of elements of the field. It generalizes to commutative algebra the notion of size inherent in consideration of the degree of a pole or multiplicity of a zero in complex analysis, the degree of divisibility of a number by a prime number in number theory, and the geometrical concept of contact between two algebraic or analytic varieties in algebraic geometry. A field with a valuation on it is called a valued field.

Complex analytic variety
In mathematics, particularly differential geometry and complex geometry, a complex analytic variety  or complex analytic space is a generalization of a complex manifold that allows the presence of singularities. Complex analytic varieties are locally ringed spaces that are locally isomorphic to local model spaces, where a local model space is an open subset of the vanishing locus of a finite set of holomorphic functions.
Live from Planet X
Live from Planet X is a live album by British-American rapper/producer MF Doom. It was released via Nature Sounds on 8 March 2005. It was recorded live in San Francisco, California, on 22 January 2004. Originally titled Live at the DNA Lounge, the album was initially given away with Special Herbs, Vols. 5 & 6. It includes tracks from Operation: Doomsday, Take Me to Your Leader, and Madvillainy.

Operation: Doomsday
Operation: Doomsday is the debut studio album by British-American rapper MF Doom, released through Fondle 'Em Records on 19 October 1999 and reissued by Sub Verse Records in 2001 with a slightly altered track listing. It was his first solo release under the MF Doom moniker after previously performing as Zev Love X in the group KMD. Operation: Doomsday is regarded as one of the most influential albums in independent hip-hop history. A deluxe remastered version of the album was released by Doom's own Metal Face Records on 24 October 2011.
Otto Hintze
Otto Hintze (August 27, 1861 – April 25, 1940) was a noted German historian. His focus was in the field of public administration. He taught at the University of Berlin. His role was Professor of Political, Constitutional, Administrative, and Economic History. Hintze's works explored how governments and societies grew. He studied their rules and economic systems.

Ernst Troeltsch and Max Weber greatly shaped Hintze's ideas. These thinkers influenced his views on institutions. Hintze stressed that Western groups developed in a logical way. He felt these groups had roots in the past. He saw a clear line from earlier times to modern systems. This was key to his view of history. Hintze argued against seeing change as random. He instead saw progress and reason within Western setups.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Nava Telangana
Nava Telangana (lit. 'New Telangana') is a daily Telugu language newspaper in the Indian state of Telangana owned by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). It is published in Karimnagar, Khammam, Hyderabad, and Ranga Reddy.

The party launched the newspaper on 21 March 2015 as a counterpart to their Andhra Pradesh-based newspaper Prajasakti after the formation of Telangana the year prior. A ceremony was held t mark the launch with various political figures from "all political parties" in attendance. The paper recorded a drop of 67% in government advertising fees from the Telangana state government, a major source of newspaper funds, from 2016 to 2018.

Prajasakti
Prajasakti (also spelled Prajashakti) is a Telugu-language daily newspaper published from multiple centres in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is owned by the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
2017–18 Super Smash
The 2017–18 Burger King Super Smash (named after the competition's sponsor Burger King) was the thirteenth season of the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 cricket tournament in New Zealand. The competition was run from 13 December 2017 to 20 January 2018. The Wellington Firebirds were the defending champions.

Following the completion of the round-robin fixtures, Northern Knights, Auckland Aces and Central Stags had qualified for the finals of the competition. Northern Knights  won the tournament after they beat Central Stags by nine wickets in the final.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
Paul Radin
Paul Radin (April 2, 1883 – February 21, 1959) was an American cultural anthropologist and folklorist of the early twentieth century specializing in Native American languages and cultures. The noted legal scholar Max Radin was his older brother.

Károly Kerényi
Károly Kerényi (Hungarian: Kerényi Károly, pronounced [ˈkɛreːɲi ˈkaːroj]; 19 January 1897 – 14 April 1973), also known as Karl Kerényi, Carl Kerényi, Charles Kerényi and Carlo Kerényi (aliases under which his works were sometimes published, respectively in German, English, French and Italian), was a Hungarian scholar in classical philology and one of the founders of modern studies of Greek mythology.