hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ripe San Ginesio
Ripe San Ginesio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Ancona and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Macerata.

Ripe San Ginesio borders the following municipalities: Colmurano, Loro Piceno, San Ginesio, Sant'Angelo in Pontano.

Macerata
Macerata (Italian pronunciation: [matʃeˈraːta] ⓘ) is a city and comune in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.

It is home to the University of Macerata (founded in 1290), making it one of Europe's oldest universities, specializing in humanities and social sciences, and located in a historic center with medieval walls.

One of the city's best-known landmarks is the Sferisterio, a large neoclassical open-air arena built in the 19th century, which later became a major venue for summer performances, including opera.
West Quoddy Lifesaving Station
West Quoddy Lifesaving Station is a historic coastal rescue station on West Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine. The lifesaving station was built in 1919, and was operated by the United States Coast Guard until 1972.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1990.  It now houses a bed and breakfast inn.

Lubec, Maine
Lubec (/luːˈbɛk/ loo-BEK) is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. It is the easternmost municipality in the contiguous U.S. (see extreme points of the United States) and is the country's closest continental location to Africa.

The town, with a population of 1,237 at the 2020 census, is home to Quoddy Head State Park.
OPEN LOOK
OPEN LOOK (sometimes referred to as Open Look) is a graphical user interface (GUI) specification for UNIX workstations.  It was originally defined in the late 1980s by Sun Microsystems and AT&T Corporation.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Reginald Maudling
Reginald Maudling (7 March 1917 – 14 February 1979) was a British politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1962 to 1964 and as Home Secretary from 1970 to 1972. From 1955 until the late 1960s, he was spoken of as a prospective Conservative leader, and he was twice seriously considered for the post; he was Edward Heath's chief rival in 1965. He also held directorships in several British financial firms.

As Home Secretary, he was responsible for the UK Government's Northern Ireland policy during the period that included Bloody Sunday. In July 1972, he resigned as Home Secretary due to an unrelated scandal in one of the companies of which he was director.

Anthony Howard (journalist)
Anthony Michell Howard, CBE (12 February 1934 – 19 December 2010) was a British journalist, broadcaster and writer. He was the editor of the New Statesman and The Listener and the deputy editor of The Observer. He selected the passages used in The Crossman Diaries, a book of entries taken from Richard Crossman's The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister.
Taupō Fault Belt
The Taupō Fault Belt contains many almost parallel active faults, and is located in the Taupō Rift of the central North Island of New Zealand geographically between Lake Taupō and the lakes of Rotorua, Tarawera, Rotomahana and Rerewhakaaitu. The potential active fault density is very high, with only 0.1 to 1 km (0.062 to 0.621 mi) separating the north-east to south-west orientated normal fault strands on detailed mapping of part of the belt. The Waikato River bisects the western region of the belt.

Lake Rerewhakaaitu
Lake Rerewhakaaitu shortened to Lake Rere, is a small, shallow lake in northern New Zealand, located 30 kilometres to the east of Rotorua. It is immediately south of the active volcano Mount Tarawera, and the geography was substantially altered by the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera.
1937 Fordham Rams football team
The 1937 Fordham Rams football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1937 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Jim Crowley, the Rams compiled a 7–0–1 record, outscored opponents by a total of 182 to 16, and were ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll. They shut out five opponents, including No. 15 North Carolina, and played a scoreless tie with top-ranked Pittsburgh.

1937 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1937 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1937 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Jock Sutherland, the team compiled a 9–0–1 record, shut out six of its ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 203 to 34. The team played its home games at Pitt Stadium in Pittsburgh. The Panthers were crowned national champions by the final AP poll, which was released in late November, and by most NCAA-designated major selectors.

Pitt was also awarded the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy as the champion of the East. An invitation to the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day was declined.
Nocodazole
Nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect in cells by interfering with the polymerization of microtubules. Microtubules are one type of fibre which constitutes the cytoskeleton, and the dynamic microtubule network has several important roles in the cell, including vesicular transport, forming the mitotic spindle and in cytokinesis. Several drugs including vincristine and colcemid are similar to nocodazole in that they interfere with microtubule polymerization.

Nocodazole has been shown to decrease the oncogenic potential of cancer cells via another microtubules-independent mechanisms. Nocodazole stimulates the expression of LATS2 which potently inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway by abrogating the interaction between the Wnt-dependent transcriptional co-factors beta-catenin and BCL9.

It is related to mebendazole by replacement of the left most benzene ring by thiophene.

Demecolcine
Demecolcine (INN; also known as colcemid) is a drug used in chemotherapy. It is closely related to the natural alkaloid colchicine with the replacement of the acetyl group on the amino moiety with methyl, but it is less toxic. It depolymerises microtubules and limits microtubule formation (inactivates spindle fibre formation), thus arresting cells in metaphase and allowing cell harvest and karyotyping to be performed.

During cell division, demecolcine inhibits mitosis at metaphase by inhibiting spindle formation. Medically, demecolcine has been used to improve the results of cancer radiotherapy by synchronising tumour cells at metaphase, the radiosensitive stage of the cell cycle.

In animal cloning procedures, demecolcine makes an ovum eject its nucleus, creating space for insertion of a new nucleus.
Joseph Chader
Joseph Chader (Arabic: جوزيف شادر‎; 1907 – March 28, 1977) was a Lebanese politician. He was a Member of Parliament between 1951 and 1977, and served as deputy speaker at times. In 1958 he became the first Armenian government minister in Lebanon. He served as vice chairman of the Kataeb Party.

Armenian Catholic Church
The Armenian Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church. It accepts the leadership of the bishop of Rome, and is therefore in full communion with the universal Catholic Church, including the Latin Church and the 22 other Eastern Catholic Churches. The Armenian Catholic Church is regulated by Eastern canon law, summed up in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

The head of the sui iuris Armenian Catholic Church is the Armenian Catholic patriarch of Cilicia, whose main cathedral and de facto archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, in Beirut, Lebanon.

Armenian Caritas is the official aid organization of the Catholic Church in Armenia.
Seam (unit)
A seam is an obsolete unit of volume or mass in the United Kingdom

The Oxford English Dictionary includes definitions of a seam as:

6–8 imperial pecks (55–73 L) of sand

9 imperial pecks (82 L) of apples

8 imperial bushels (290 L) of grain

120 pounds (54 kg) of glass (or 100 pounds (45 kg) in the 14th century)

a cart-load, sometimes of a specified amount such as 2 hundredweight (100 kg) of straw or 3 hundredweight (150 kg) of hay or manure.

Cardarelli asserts that it was equal to 64 imperial gallons (290 L).

Peck
A peck is an imperial and United States customary unit of dry volume, equivalent to 8 dry quarts or 16 dry pints. An imperial peck is equivalent to 9.09218 liters and a US customary peck is equivalent to 8.80976754172 liters. Four pecks make a bushel. Although the peck is no longer widely used, some produce, such as apples, are still often sold by the peck in the U.S. (although it is obsolete in the UK, found only in the old nursery rhyme "Peter Piper" and in the Bible – e.g., Matthew 5:15 in some older translations).
First Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The First Amendment of the Constitution Act 1939 amended the Constitution of Ireland to extend the definition of "time of war" to include a period during which a war occurs without the state itself being a direct participant. It was introduced and signed into law on 2 September 1939, the day after the Invasion of Poland by Germany and allowed the government to exercise emergency powers during World War II (known in Ireland as The Emergency) although the state was neutral.

Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland
Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland are only possible by way of referendum. A proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland must be initiated as a bill in Dáil Éireann, be passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas (parliament), then submitted to a referendum, and finally signed into law by the president of Ireland. Since the constitution entered into force on 29 December 1937, there have been 32 amendments to the constitution.

Aside from amendments to the Constitution itself, the Constitution also provides for referendums on ordinary bills; this is known as an ordinary referendum. This provision has never been used.
1974 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1974 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were published on 7 June 1974 for the United Kingdom, Australia (for Papua New Guinea), New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, the Bahamas, and Grenada.

At this time honours for Australians were still being awarded in the UK honours on the advice of the premiers of Australian states. The Australian honours system began with the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Royal Irish Rangers
The Royal Irish Rangers (27th (Inniskilling), 83rd and 87th) was a regular light infantry regiment of the British Army with a relatively short existence, formed in 1968 and later merged with the Ulster Defence Regiment in 1992 to form the Royal Irish Regiment.
Otto Brenner
Otto Brenner (8 November 1907 – 15 April 1972) was a German trades unionist and politician. Between 1956 and 1972 he was the leader of the powerful IG Metall (Industrial Union of Metalworkers).

In a tribute published in 1967 to celebrate Brenner's sixtieth birthday the politician-commentator Peter von Oertzen wrote that "Otto Brenner ... embodies more than any other German trades union leader that generation – a link between the older generation of the Weimar years [before 1933] and the younger generation that grew to maturity after 1945 – which rescued the best traditions of the German labour movement to the present day, bridging the intervening abyss of the Fascist rule".

The Otto-Brenner Foundation for the promotion of scientific research and knowledge is named after him, as is the annually awarded Otto Brenner Prize.

Worker representation on corporate boards of directors
Worker representation on corporate boards of directors, also known as board-level employee representation (BLER), refers to the right of workers to vote for representatives on a board of directors in corporate law. In 2018, a majority of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and a majority of countries in the European Union, had some form of law guaranteeing the right of workers to vote for board representation. Together with a right to elect work councils, this is often called codetermination.

The first laws requiring worker voting rights include the Oxford University Act 1854 and the Port of London Act 1908 in the United Kingdom, the Act on Manufacturing Companies of 1919 in Massachusetts in the United States (although the act's provisions were completely voluntary), and the Supervisory Board Act 1922 (Aufsichtsratgesetz 1922) in Germany, which codified collective agreement from 1918 and expanded it in the 1976 Mitbestimmungsgesetz.
Kenwood, California
Kenwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Sonoma County, California, located on Sonoma Highway (State Route 12) between the cities of Santa Rosa and Sonoma. It lies east of Sonoma Creek in the upper part of Sonoma Valley, a region sometimes called the Valley of the Moon. Bennett Mountain lies west of the town, and Sugarloaf Ridge to the northeast. The population was 852 at the 2020 census.

Kenwood is considered part of the Wine Country. Viticulturally, it lies in the Sonoma Valley AVA. The Kenwood area is known for vineyards and wineries, restaurants, and a European-style resort. An area landmark is the Kunde Estate Winery on Sonoma Highway, which was first planted in 1879.

Sonoma Valley AVA
Sonoma Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within the Sonoma Valley landform occupying the southeastern portion of Sonoma County, California. The name "Sonoma" means 'Valley of the Moon' in the indigenous Chocuyen dialect.  The wine appellation was established on December 4, 1981, as the nation's ninth, the state's seventh and the county's initial AVA by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by the Sonoma Valley Vintners Association of Santa Rosa, on behalf of Sonoma Valley wineries and grape growers proposing the new viticultural area named "Sonoma Valley."

The 72,402-acre (113 sq mi) viticultural area cultivates 13,000 acres (5,300 ha) under vine and is flanked by two mountain ranges: the Mayacamas Mountains to the east and the Sonoma Mountains to the west. The plant hardiness zone ranges from 9a to 10a.
Phugewadi metro station
Phugewadi is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the Purple Line of Pune Metro in Pimpri Chinchwad, India. The station was opened on 6 March 2022 as an inauguration of Pune Metro. From March 2022 to July 2023, the Purple Line operated between PCMC Bhavan and Phugewadi, but from 1 August 2023 the section between Phugewadi and Civil Court metro station came into use, so trains ran from PCMC Bhavan to Civil Court. On 29 September 2024, the launch of Pune Metro Phase I was completed and the Purple Line was fully operational from PCMC to Swargate.

District Court Pune metro station
District Court Pune (formerly known as "Civil Court Metro Station") is a metro station that facilitates cross-platform interchange between the Aqua Line and the Purple Line in Pune, India. The station was opened on 1 August 2023 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I. This station will also serve as a future interchange for Line 3 of the Pune Metro. The platform on the Purple Line is one of the deepest in India at a depth of 33 m (108 ft.). The architectural design of the station's roof permits natural sunlight to penetrate directly to the underground platforms.
Carolingian church
The Carolingian Church encompasses  the practices and institutions of Christianity in the Frankish kingdoms under the rule of the Carolingian dynasty (751-888). In the eighth and ninth centuries, Western Europe witnessed decisive developments in the structure and organisation of the church, relations between secular and religious authorities, monastic life, theology, and artistic endeavours. Christianity was the principal religion of the Carolingian Empire. Through military conquests and missionary activity, Latin Christendom expanded into new areas, such as Saxony and Bohemia. These developments owed much to the leadership of Carolingian rulers themselves, especially Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, whose courts encouraged successive waves of religious reform and viewed Christianity as a unifying force in their empire.

Admonitio generalis
The Admonitio generalis is a collection of legislation known as a capitulary issued by Charlemagne in 789, which covers educational and ecclesiastical reform within the Frankish kingdom. Capitularies were used in the Frankish kingdom during the Carolingian dynasty by government and administration bodies and covered a variety of topics, sorted into chapters. Admonitio generalis is actually just one of many Charlemagne's capitularies that outlined his desire for a well-governed, disciplined Christian Frankish kingdom. The reforms issued in these capitularies by Charlemagne during the late 8th century reflect the cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
Planken
Planken (German pronunciation: [ˈplaŋkn̩] ⓘ; dialectal: Planka) is a municipality in Oberland, Liechtenstein. It has four exclaves, two enclaves and a population of 473. Thus it is the least populous municipality of Liechtenstein.

Municipalities of Liechtenstein
The principality of Liechtenstein is divided into eleven municipalities (German: Gemeinden, singular Gemeinde), most consisting of only a single town. Five of the Gemeinden fall within the electoral district of Unterland (lower country), while the other six are within the Oberland (upper country).
Rusk
A rusk is a hard, dry biscuit or a twice-baked bread. It is sometimes used as a teether for babies. In some cultures, rusk is made of cake rather than bread: this is sometimes referred to as cake rusk. In the UK, the name also refers to a wheat-based food additive.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Rawhide (material)
Rawhide is a hide or animal skin that has not been exposed to tanning. It is similar to parchment, much lighter in color than leather made by traditional vegetable tanning.

Rawhide is more susceptible to water than leather, and it quickly softens and stretches if left wet unless well waterproofed.

"Rawhide" laces often sold for boots or baseball gloves are made of normal tanned leather rather than actual rawhide. Rawhide is not pliable when dry and would be unsuitable for that use.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Kath Arado
Kathleen Faith Pepito Arado (born May 22, 1998) is a Filipino volleyball athlete who plays as a libero for Premier Volleyball League club PLDT High Speed Hitters. She was a member of the UE Lady Warriors in the UAAP. She was named the UAAP Season 77 Rookie of the Year alongside Ennajie Laure. She also bagged the Best Libero award in the 2016 South East Asian Junior Women's Volleyball Championships in Sisaket, Thailand.

2018 Philippine Super Liga Collegiate Grand Slam
The 2018 Philippine Super Liga Collegiate Grand Slam was the 16th indoor volleyball conference of the Philippine Super Liga, the fifth and final conference of the 2018 season, and the 20th conference overall. It was also the only staging of the Collegiate Grand Slam in the league. The games began on November 3, 2018 at the Ynares Sports Arena, Pasig. The conference coincided with the 2018 All-Filipino Conference and utilized a round robin system during the preliminary round with the top four teams advancing to the next round. The losers of the semifinal round competed for the bronze medal while the winners advance to the championship round. The champion will go to a training camp in Thailand.

This conference ran simultaneously with the 2018 All-Filipino Conference.
Dahuashan
Dahuashan Town (simplified Chinese: 大华山镇; traditional Chinese: 大華山鎮; pinyin: Dàhuàshān Zhèn) is a town situated on the northwestern part of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. Its southern portion is an alluvial plain, and is surrounded by mountains on the other three directions. The town shares border with Jugezhuang and Dachengzi Towns to its north, Zhenluoying Town and Xiong'erzhai Township to its east, Wangxinzhuang Town to its south, as well as Liujiadian and Dongshaoqu Towns to its west. As of 2020, it had a population of 15,209.

The name Dahuashan (Chinese: 大华山; lit. 'Great Magnificent Mountain') refers to the Dahua Mountain on the east of the town.

Pinggu, Beijing
Pinggu District (Chinese: 平谷区; pinyin: Pínggǔ Qū), formerly Pinggu County (平谷县), lies in the far east of Beijing Municipality. It has an area of 950 km2 (370 sq mi) and a population of 457,313 (2020 Census). The district is subdivided into 2 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 2 townships. It borders the Beijing districts of Miyun and Shunyi to the north and west, respectively, Tianjin's Jizhou District to the southeast, and in Hebei province, Xinglong County and Sanhe to the northeast and south, respectively.
Saracena
Saracena (Greek: Sarakine) is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. The town is bordered by Altomonte, Castrovillari, Firmo, Lungro, Morano Calabro, Mormanno, Orsomarso and San Basile and is home to the Church of San Leone, a 12th-century Byzantine church. The town's patron is San Leone di Catania, who is celebrated twice a year, once in the spring, then again in late summer.

Like Palermo and Tropea, Saracena was renowned for its souk (or street market) during the period of Arab Sicily from the ninth century until the Norman era. Arab-Sicilian influence remained strong until the 13th century.

Mormanno
Mormanno (Calabrian: Murmànnu) is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is located in the heart of the National Park of Pollino, near the course of the Lao River.

It is home to a Cathedral in Neapolitan-Baroque style, built in the 18th century.