hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quarterly Publication of Individuals Who Have Chosen to Expatriate
The Quarterly Publication of Individuals Who Have Chosen to Expatriate, also known as the Quarterly Publication of Individuals, Who Have Chosen to Expatriate, as Required by Section 6039G, is a publication of the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the Federal Register, listing the names of certain individuals with respect to whom the IRS has received information regarding loss of citizenship during the preceding quarter.

Federal Register
The Federal Register (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices. It is published every weekday, except on federal holidays. The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the Federal Register are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which is updated quarterly.

The Federal Register is compiled by the Office of the Federal Register (within the National Archives and Records Administration) and is printed by the Government Publishing Office. There are no copyright restrictions on the Federal Register; as a work of the U.S. government, it is in the public domain.
Asparagus (genus)
Asparagus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Asparagoideae. It comprises up to 300 species. Most are evergreen long-lived perennial plants growing from the understory as lianas, bushes or climbing plants. The best-known species is the edible Asparagus officinalis, commonly referred to as just asparagus. Some other members of the genus, such as Asparagus densiflorus, are grown as ornamental plants.

Asparagus aethiopicus
Asparagus aethiopicus, Sprenger's asparagus, is a plant native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa. Often used as an ornamental plant, it is considered an invasive weed in many locations. Asparagus fern, asparagus grass and foxtail fern are common names; however, it is unrelated to true ferns. A. aethiopicus has been confused with A. densiflorus, now regarded as a separate species, so that information about A. aethiopicus will often be found under the name A. densiflorus.
138th Street–Grand Concourse station
The 138th Street–Grand Concourse station, also signed as 138th Street–Mott Haven or simply as Mott Haven on station signage, is a local station on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the T-intersection of East 138th Street and the Grand Concourse in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the Bronx. It is served by the 4 train at all times except during rush hours in the peak direction, and the 5 train at all times except late nights.

138th Street station (New York Central Railroad)
The 138th Street station was a station on the Harlem and Hudson Lines of the New York Central Railroad, serving the community of Mott Haven in the Bronx, New York City. It was the southernmost station along both branches until 1973. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad also ran through this station but did not stop here.
Postage stamp separation
For postage stamps, separation is the means by which individual stamps are made easily detachable from each other.

Methods of separation include:

perforation: cutting rows and columns of small holes

rouletting: small horizontal and vertical cuts

diecutting: cut paper to shape using a metal die—used for self-adhesive stamps.

Self-adhesive stamp
A self-adhesive stamp is a postage stamp with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not require moistening in order to adhere to paper. They are usually issued on a removable backing paper.

Stamp collectors have criticized the format, because the rubber-based adhesive used tends to yellow the stamps progressively. It makes stamps difficult to remove from covers, however various household solvents can be used to separate used self-adhesive stamps from their envelopes.
A. J. Wallace (American football)
Anton Dominic "A. J." Wallace, Jr. (born May 23, 1988) is an American former football cornerback and kick returner. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He played college football at Penn State. Wallace was also a member of the Georgia Force, Calgary Stampeders, Milwaukee Mustangs, and Colorado Ice.

Wallace attended Maurice J. McDonough High School in Pomfret, Maryland where he played running back, cornerback, and kick returner. He earned The Washington Post first-team All-Met honors, and played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl. At Penn State, he rushed for 153 yards and a touchdown, and caught one pass for five yards. He returned 47 kickoffs for 1,128 yards and one touchdown in his four-year career. In 2007, Wallace broke the Nittany Lions football record for kickoff yardage in a season with 581 yards, breaking the previous record set by Kenny Watson in 1999 with 522 yards.

1999 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1999 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by 34th-year head coach Joe Paterno, the Nittany Lions compiled an overall record of 10–3 with a mark of 5–3 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the Big Ten. Penn State was invited to the Alamo Bowl, where the Nittany Lions defeated Texas A&M. The team played home games at Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.

Penn State set a new-single season attendance record of 675,503.
Arthur Penty
Arthur Joseph Penty (17 March 1875 – 1937) was an English architect and writer on guild socialism and distributism. He was first a Fabian socialist, and follower of Victorian thinkers William Morris and John Ruskin. He is generally credited with the formulation of a Christian socialist form of the medieval guild, as an alternative basis for economic life.

Penty was the elder of the two architect sons of Walter Green Penty of York, designer of the York Institute of Art, Science and Literature. While a pupil and assistant with his father, Penty absorbed the spirit of the Arts and Crafts Movement and the progressive movement in Glasgow.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Swanton Pacific Ranch
Swanton Pacific Ranch is a 3,200-acre (1,300 ha) ranch in Santa Cruz County, California, outside the town of Davenport. The ranch is owned and operated by California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) for educational and research in sustainable agriculture. The ranch encompasses rangeland, livestock, and forestry operations for the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, comprises a significant part of the community of Swanton, and includes the lower Scott Creek watershed.

Notholithocarpus
Notholithocarpus densiflorus, commonly known as the tanoak or tanbark-oak, is a broadleaf tree in the family Fagaceae, and the type species of the genus Notholithocarpus. It is a hardwood tree that is native to the far western United States, particularly Oregon and California. It ranges from 15–40 meters (49–131 feet) in height, with a trunk diameter of 60–190 centimeters (24–75 inches). There are a number of radical and incompatible perceptions of tanoak, it has been seen as a cash crop to treasured food plant to trash tree.
Tin(II) chloride
Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. Tin(II) chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).

Chloride
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (Cl−), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.

Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides include potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Examples of covalent chlorides include methyl chloride (CH3Cl), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).
George Peabody (pilot boat)
George Peabody was a 19th-century pilot boat built in Boston, Massachusetts in 1867, for San Francisco pilots. She was in the San Francisco pilot service for twenty-seven years. The Peabody was sold in 1893 to Captain Samuel H. Burtis and sailed to Yokohama, Japan for fishing and Seal hunting. In March 1895, she went ashore off the coast of Japan while working in the sealing trade.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Westfield Kotara
Westfield Kotara (previously known as Kotara Fair and Garden City) is a large shopping centre in the Newcastle suburb of Kotara in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.

Westfield Kotara is one of the two Westfield branded shopping centres in New South Wales that is not located within the Greater Sydney area, with Westfield Tuggerah being located on the Central Coast.

Kmart Australia
Kmart Australia Limited (/ˈkeɪmɑːrt/ KAY-mart), trading as Kmart, is an Australian chain of discount department stores owned by the Kmart Group division of Wesfarmers. Kmart operates stores in Australia and New Zealand and is part of the Kmart Group alongside Target Australia.

Kmart was established in 1969 with the opening of its first store at Burwood East, Victoria. In the 2010s, the chain undertook a major merchandising and store-layout redesign under Wesfarmers, expanding the role of private-label products (including its dominant house brand Anko) and increasing emphasis on everyday low pricing.
The Barnum Museum
The Barnum Museum is a 1990 collection of fantasy-themed short stories by Steven Millhauser first published by Poseidon Press in 1990.

Its closing story is "Eisenheim the Illusionist", which was adapted to film in 2006 as The Illusionist.

Poseidon Press
Poseidon Press was an imprint of Simon & Schuster publishing, operating from 1982 to 1993. The founding editor was Ann Patty, who later went on to become an executive editor at Harcourt. The imprint was best known for discovering interesting new literary voices, and launched the careers of many now-famous writers.

Poseidon Press is also the name of a fictional publishing house from the 1979 novel Proteus by Australian writer Morris West.
Zerocater
Zerocater is a food service company headquartered in San Francisco, California, specializing in providing companies with catered meals from local restaurants, caterers, and food trucks. The company expanded its offerings in 2017 to include a fully customizable solution for office snacking called ZeroCater Snacks and Kitchens and, in 2018, to deliver alcohol with Zerocater Pours. The company launched Enterprise Catering for companies with 500 or more employees in 2019. Zerocater currently feeds thousands of employees of companies including Slack, PagerDuty, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Salesforce, JUUL, Datadog, and Cisco Meraki. As of November 2017, ZeroCater operates in the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, Los Angeles, Austin, Washington, D.C., and Chicago.

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Robert Welch (photographer)
Robert John Welch (22 July 1859 – 28 September 1936) was an Irish photographer interested in natural history, particularly mollusca. Welch, born in Strabane, County Tyrone, lived for a time in Enniskillen. He was the son of an accomplished Scottish amateur photographer. After the death of his father, Welch established his own business in 1883 in Lonsdale Street in Belfast. Much of his time was spent taking pictures that reflected the life of the people and the contemporary landscape.

Harland & Wolff
Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding and fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction.

Today, the company is focused on supporting five sectors: Defence, Energy, Cruise & Ferry, Renewables and Commercial. It offers services including technical services, fabrication & construction, repair & maintenance, in-service support, conversion and decommissioning.

Having entered administration for the second time in five years, it was bought by Navantia in January 2025.
Grand Tournalin
Grand Tournalin (3,379m) is a mountain of the Monte Rosa Massif in the Pennine Alps in Aosta Valley, Italy. It is the highest mountain between the Ayas Valley and Valtournenche. The mountain is composed of two summits, the north being higher than the south summit by just 9m.

Pennine Alps
The Pennine Alps (French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.
1975 NCAA Division II football season
The 1975 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level, began in September and concluded with the Division II Championship on December 13 at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California.

Northern Michigan defeated Western Kentucky in the championship game, 16–14, to win their first Division II national title.

Charles C. Hughes Stadium
Charles C. Hughes Stadium (commonly referred to as Hughes Stadium) is an outdoor stadium in the Western United States, located at Sacramento City College in Sacramento, California. The stadium opened in 1928 and was initially known as "Sacramento Stadium" and "Sacramento College Stadium". It was renamed in November 1944 in honor of Charles Colfax Hughes, the first superintendent of the Sacramento City Unified School District, who died a month earlier.

In 2012, the stadium underwent a major overhaul, installing an artificial turf field surface, a new track surface, and a major refurbishment of the facilities documented in this video. Its present seating capacity is 20,311.
Farnley, Leeds
Farnley is a district in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Leeds city centre, between Wortley, Bramley and the countryside around Pudsey and Gildersome, in the LS12 Leeds postcode area. It is part of the Leeds City Ward Farnley and Wortley with a population of 24,213 according to the 2011 Census. New Farnley is a nearby commuter village.

Pudsey
Pudsey is a market town in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It is located midway between Bradford city centre and Leeds city centre. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it has a population of 25,393.
Mohammad Mainul Islam (general)
Mohammad Mainul Islam SBP, OSP, psc (born 4 December 1959) is a retired lieutenant general of the Bangladesh Army. He is the former principal staff officer of the Armed Forces Division and chief of general staff (CGS) of the Bangladesh Army. He also served as director general of Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), later renamed as Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB). He is currently the president of the Bangladesh Archery Federation.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Tilman Fertitta
Tilman Joseph Fertitta (born June 25, 1957) is an American diplomat, businessman and television personality. He serves as the United States ambassador to Italy and San Marino since May 2025. He is the owner of the entertainment company Landry's and the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Houston Rockets. Fertitta was the chairman of the board of regents of the University of Houston System from 2014 to 2025.

As of May 2025, his net worth was estimated at $10.7 billion. He is placed at No. 248 on the Forbes 400 list. Forbes calls him the "World's Richest Restaurateur."

Fertitta became the star of Billion Dollar Buyer on CNBC. On September 5, 2017, Fertitta reached an agreement to buy the Houston Rockets for $2.2 billion.

As of April 2025, Fertitta is the lead shareholder in Wynn Resorts.

Bubba Gump Shrimp Company
The Bubba Gump Shrimp Company is an American seafood restaurant chain inspired by the 1994 film Forrest Gump, based in Houston, Texas, and a division of Landry's Restaurants since 2010. As of 2025, 31 restaurants operate worldwide: twenty in the U.S., four in Mexico, three in Japan, and one each in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Canada.

The first Bubba Gump restaurant opened in 1996 in Monterey, California, by Rusty Pelican Restaurants in partnership with Paramount, the distributor of Forrest Gump. It was named for the film's characters Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue and Forrest Gump. Before his death in the Vietnam War, Bubba convinces Gump to go into the shrimping business.
Thornybush Game Reserve
Thornybush Game Reserve is a private game reserve, near Hoedspruit, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It borders the Kapama Game Reserve and is located close to the Timbavati Game Reserve and the Kruger Park. The Reserve's surface area is approximately 14,000 ha of mainly open savannah.

As with many private reserves in South Africa, Thornybush is managed as an eco-tourism destination, thus the Reserve is funded by means of a number of up-market private commercial game lodges located within the Reserve. They are involved in different kind of projects such as supporting local community through contributions to surrounding schools and sustainable farming.

Kapama Game Reserve
Kapama Game Reserve (founded 1993) is a 13,000 hectare privately owned nature reserve in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It was founded by Johann Roode, who initially bought the land for cattle grazing but realized that the local ecosystem needed to be maintained. He soon started to develop the area as a touristic region and the reserve still belong nowadays to the Roode family.
Inverse mean curvature flow
In the mathematical fields of differential geometry and geometric analysis, inverse mean curvature flow (IMCF) is a geometric flow of submanifolds of a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifold. It has been used to prove a certain case of the Riemannian Penrose inequality, which is of interest in general relativity.

Formally, given a pseudo-Riemannian manifold (M, g) and a smooth manifold S, an inverse mean curvature flow consists of an open interval I and a smooth map F from I × S into M such that

where H is the mean curvature vector of the immersion F(t, ⋅).

If g is Riemannian, if S is closed with dim(M) = dim(S) + 1, and if a given smooth immersion f of S into M has mean curvature which is nowhere zero, then there exists a unique inverse mean curvature flow whose "initial data" is f.

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.  This is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the requirement of positive-definiteness is relaxed.

Every tangent space of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space.

A special case used in general relativity is a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold for modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike.
C data types
In the C programming language, data types constitute the semantics and characteristics of storage of data elements. They are expressed in the language syntax in form of declarations for memory locations or variables. Data types also determine the types of operations or methods of processing of data elements.

The C language provides basic arithmetic types, such as integer and real number types, and syntax to build array and compound types. The C standard library contains additional definitions of support types, that have additional properties, such as providing storage with an exact size, independent of the language implementation on specific hardware platforms.

C11 (C standard revision)
C11 (previously C1X, formally ISO/IEC 9899:2011) is a past standard for the C programming language. It replaced C99 (standard ISO/IEC 9899:1999) and was superseded by C17 (standard ISO/IEC 9899:2018). C11 mainly standardizes features already supported by common contemporary compilers, and includes a detailed memory model to better support multiple threads of execution. Due to delayed availability of conforming C99 implementations, C11 makes certain features optional, to make it easier to comply with the core language standard.

The final draft, N1570, was published in April 2011. The new standard passed its final draft review on October 10, 2011 and was officially ratified by ISO and published as ISO/IEC 9899:2011 on December 8, 2011, with no comments requiring resolution by participating national bodies.

A standard macro __STDC_VERSION__ is defined with value 201112L to indicate that C11 support is available.