hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adversarial machine learning
Adversarial machine learning is the study of the attacks on machine learning algorithms, and of the defenses against such attacks.

Machine learning techniques are mostly designed to work on specific problem sets, under the assumption that the training and test data are generated from the same statistical distribution (IID). However, this assumption is often dangerously violated in practical high-stake applications, where users may intentionally supply fabricated data that violates the statistical assumption.

Most common attacks in adversarial machine learning include evasion attacks, data poisoning attacks, Byzantine attacks and model extraction.

Black box
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human brain, or an institution or government.

To analyze an open system with a typical "black box approach", only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the (unknown) box. The usual representation of this "black box system" is a data flow diagram centered in the box.

The opposite of a black box is a system where the inner components or logic are available for inspection, which is most commonly referred to as a white box (sometimes also known as a "clear box" or a "glass box").
Cruachan Reservoir
Cruachan Reservoir  is a reservoir in Scotland. It is located to the north west of Loch Awe, in a corrie beneath Ben Cruachan. It is the upper reservoir for the Cruachan Power Station pumped-storage scheme. It was the filming location for Andor Episode 6, The Eye, standing in as an Imperial infrastructure project, containing a vault.

It was created in the 1960s, and is contained by a dam 316 metres (1,037 ft) long.

The reservoir has a catchment area of 23 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi), and is capable of holding seven Gigawatt hours of energy. The water level in the reservoir can fluctuate by as much as 10 metres (33 ft) a day due to the operation of the power station.

Loch Awe
Loch Awe (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Obha; also sometimes anglicised as Lochawe, Lochaw, or Lochow) is a large body of freshwater in Argyll and Bute, Scottish Highlands. It has also given its name to a village on its banks, variously known as Loch Awe or Lochawe. There are islands within the loch such as Innis Chonnell and Inishail.
Clemens Kashuupulwa
Clemens Handuukeme Kashuupulwa (born 14 November 1948) is a Namibian politician. He is the governor of Oshana Region since 1998. He was re-appointed in 2010 by president Hifikepunye Pohamba and again reappointed by president Hage Geingob in April 2015 following the 2014 election. Since 1997 Kashuupulwa is a member of the Central Committee of SWAPO.

Before becoming governor, Kashuupulwa was councillor of Oshana's Okatana Constituency. In the 2004 regional election he received 5,731 of the 5,858 votes cast.

Speaking in April 2015, Kashuupulwa, who was by then Namibia's longest-serving governor, dismissed criticism regarding his long tenure, saying that the focus should instead be on his work and his achievements in overseeing substantial economic development in Oshana.

Kashuupulwa was conferred the Most Distinguished Order of Namibia: First Class on Heroes' Day 2014.

Hage Geingob
Hage Gottfried Geingob (3 August 1941 – 4 February 2024) was a Namibian politician who served as the third president of Namibia from 2015 until his death in February 2024. Geingob was the country's first prime minister from 1990 to 2002, and served again from 2012 to 2015.

Between 2008 and 2012 Geingob served as Minister of Trade and Industry. In November 2014, Geingob was elected president of Namibia by an overwhelming margin. In November 2017, Geingob became the third president of the ruling SWAPO Party after winning by a large margin at the party's sixth Congress. He served as the party's president until his death. In August 2018, Geingob began a one-year term as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community.
County of Burra
County of Burra is a cadastral unit located in the Australian state of South Australia which covers land located in the state’s east associated with the town of Burra.  It was proclaimed in 1851 by Governor Young and named after the town of Burra.

Mount Bryan East, South Australia
Mount Bryan East is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name".

Confusingly, it does not include the former government town of Mount Bryan East, which is now located in adjacent Mount Bryan.

A school at Mount Bryan East was opened in 1885. It closed in 1916, reopened in 1925, but closed permanently in 1947.

Sir Hubert Wilkins was born and raised at Mount Bryan East, and attended the local school. His family home survives, having been restored from ruins by Dick Smith in 2001, and is open to visitors.
Promnice
Promnice [prɔmˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwonak, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Just to the west of Promnice is a road bridge crossing the Warta river, on the road between Bolechowo and Biedrusko. The village stretches mainly northwards from that road, adjoining the settlement of Złotoryjsko to the north.

Biedrusko
Biedrusko [bjɛˈdruskɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchy Las, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. In 2006 the village had a population of ~2,200.

Biedrusko is the centre of a large military training area of the Polish Army. It contains an army barracks, a palace (undergoing restoration), and a large modern estate of apartment blocks.
2008 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup
The 2008 FIBA Africa Basketball Club Championship (23rd edition), was an international basketball tournament  held in Sousse and Hammam, Tunisia, from December 12 to 21, 2008. The tournament, organized by FIBA Africa, and hosted by Étoile Sportive du Sahel, was contested by 12 teams split into 2 groups of 6, the first four of which qualifying for the knock-out stage, quarter, semifinals and final.

The tournament was won by Primeiro de Agosto from Angola, thus successfully retaining its title.

FIBA Africa Basketball League
The FIBA Africa Basketball League (formerly named the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup) was the highest caliber men's professional basketball competition for clubs until 2020, organized by the FIBA Africa and played by the champions of the leagues of the African countries. The league was replaced by the Basketball Africa League (BAL) from 2020.
Disa stairsii
Disa stairsii (Rwenzori mountain orchid) is a species of Disa of the family Orchidaceae that can be found growing with the giant heathers on the Rwenzori Mountains of mountains in East Tropical Africa as well as in the Congo in West-Central Tropical Africa.

Common in the heath belt of the Ruwenzori Range Disa stairsii is cardinal red, distinct from the other foliage by its single spur which is borne on the top of its flower and is generally growing in moss between the altitudes of 2,800–3,400 meters (9,200–11,200 feet).

On Kilimanjaro D. stairsii also grows among the heath along with Erica arborea and Erica rossi, is "small pink flowered" and is hidden by clumps of grasses along with the white flowered Anemone thomsonii.

Anemone thomsonii
Anemone thomsonii is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is a low to high (7–70 cm) geophyte with finely divided leaves from the ground, and a stem that carries one flower, which has about twenty sepals, that are white or light pink inside and mostly have a very wide purple stripe at the outside. The species is limited to the highlands of East Africa.
R. J. Hunter
Ronald Jordan Hunter (born October 24, 1993) is an American former professional basketball player and current assistant coach for the Tulane Green Wave. He played college basketball for the Georgia State Panthers under the direction of his father and Georgia State head coach, Ron Hunter, being named twice Sun Belt Player of the Year as well as the Sun Belt Conference Male Athlete of the Year. He holds the school record for most career points with a total of 1,819 after just three seasons of play.

College Park Skyhawks
The College Park Skyhawks  are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in College Park, Georgia, and are affiliated with the Atlanta Hawks.  The Skyhawks play their home games at Gateway Center Arena at College Park after the franchise played its first two seasons in Erie, Pennsylvania, at the Erie Insurance Arena as the Erie BayHawks. The team became the sixteenth D-League team to be owned by an NBA team.
Cheadle Lacrosse Club
Cheadle Lacrosse Club is a lacrosse club based in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, a suburb of Stockport. The club was established in 1879. Cheadle currently field four men's lacrosse teams as well as running respective junior teams.

Cheadle, Greater Manchester
Cheadle (/ˈtʃiːdəl/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in the county of Greater Manchester, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Cheshire, it borders Cheadle Hulme, Gatley, Heald Green and Cheadle Heath in Stockport, and East Didsbury in Manchester. In 2011, it had a population of 14,698.
Temsia
Temsia is a rural commune of Morocco. It is located on the south bank of the Draa River in the prefecture of Inezgane-Aït Melloul in Souss-Massa region, 20 km southeast of Agadir, the regional capital. It borders Aït Melloul to the west, Lqliâa to the southwest, and the commune of Oulad Dahou to the east. National Route 10 runs through the main town of Temsia in the northern part of the commune, while Agadir–Al Massira Airport, the international airport that serves Agadir and the surrounding cities, is located in the southern part.

Lqliâa
Lqliâa (Arabic: القليعة) is a city in Morocco, situated in the suburban area of Agadir. According to the 2014 Moroccan census it had a population of 83,235 inhabitants, up from the 46,432 inhabitants recorded in the 2004 census.
New Hope Bridge
New Hope Bridge, also known as Bartholomew County Bridge No. 133, is a historic Pratt through truss bridge spanning the Flatrock River at Columbus Township, Bartholomew County, Indiana. It was designed by the Caldwell & Drake ironworks and built in 1913.  It consists of two spans, with each measuring 128 feet long. It rests on concrete abutments and a concrete pier.: 5

The bridge is open to single-lane traffic along 400N in Bartholomew County which spans from U.S. Route 31 just north of Columbus, Indiana to Columbus Municipal Airport, the former site of Bakalar Air Force Base. Because portions of 400N are low-lying the road and bridge are occasionally closed due to high water from the Flat Rock River.

New Hope Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Bakalar Air Force Base
Bakalar Air Force Base is a former U.S. Air Force base located 4.4 miles (7.1 km) northeast of Columbus, Indiana. During World War II, the base was known as Atterbury Air Field and Atterbury Army Air Base (named in memory of Brigadier General William Wallace Atterbury), but it was renamed Bakalar Air Force Base in 1954 in honor of First Lieutenant John Edmond Bakalar, USAAF. Established in 1942, the airfield served as a training base for medium-range C-46 Commando and C-47 Skytrain troop carrier planes and glider pilots. It also was used for training North American B-25 Mitchell and Martin B-26 Marauder bomber crews. Reactivated during the Cold War, it was used as an Air Force Reserve training base for troop carrier, tactical airlift, and special operations flying units. The military base was closed in 1970. The present-day facility operates as the Columbus Municipal Airport.
37th New York State Legislature
The 37th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 25 to April 15, 1814, during the seventh year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.

Schenectady County, New York
Schenectady County (/skəˈnɛktədi/) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,061. The county seat is Schenectady. The name is from a Mohawk language word meaning "on the other side of the pine lands," a term that originally applied to Albany. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Schenectady County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is west of the confluence of the Mohawk with the Hudson River. It includes territory on the north and the south sides of the Mohawk River.
Tharbogang
Tharbogang (/ˈtɑːboʊɡəŋ/ TAH-boh-gəng) is a village and rural locality in the Riverina region of southwest New South Wales, Australia. The village is in the City of Griffith local government area and on the Kidman Way, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north west of the centre of Griffith and 580 kilometres (360 mi) west of the state capital, Sydney.

At the 2011 census, Tharbogang and the surrounding rural area had a population of 676.

Warburn Estate is a winemaker in Tharbogang and is the maker of Gossips, a Cabernet Merlot among other wines

Tharbogang is a former station on the Temora–Roto railway line.

Griffith, New South Wales
Griffith is a major regional city in the northern Riverina region of western New South Wales, known commonly as the food bowl of Australia. It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area.  Like the Australian capital, Canberra, and extensions to the nearby town of Leeton, Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin. Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith, the then New South Wales Secretary for Public Works. Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987, and at the 2021 census had a population of 20,569.

It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne, via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way. Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide, Orange, and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi.
Dimitrije Levajac
Dimitrije Levajac (Serbian Cyrillic: Димитрије Левајац, born 14 August 2001) is a Serbian table tennis player who competed in 2020 Summer Olympics in men's singles and men's team. He was eliminated in singles in first round by Russian table tennis player Kirill Skachkov. He also competes in the Team Tournament.

Kirill Skachkov
Kirill Sergeyevich Skachkov (Russian: Кирилл Сергеевич Скачков; born 6 August 1987 in Novokuznetsk) is a Russian table tennis player. In 2011 he won a silver medal in the doubles event in the Table Tennis European Championships. He was part of the Russian men's team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Ebenezer Tshimanga
Ebenezer Tshimanga is a South African rugby union player for Section Paloise in the Top 14. His regular position is wing.

Tshimanga was named in the Western Province side for the 2022 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his Currie Cup debut for the Western Province against the Pumas in Round 11 of the 2022 Currie Cup Premier Division.

2022 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2022 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 84th edition of the top tier of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa. It was sponsored by beer brand Carling Black Label and organised by the South African Rugby Union.

The tournament was played from January to June in 2022, following the realignment of the South African domestic rugby union calendar to dovetail with the northern hemisphere and the United Rugby Championship, which features four South African sides.

The competition again featured seven sides, with SA Rugby rejecting a proposal from the Eastern Province Elephants to join the competition immediately, however the winner of the 2022 Currie Cup First Division would be promoted to the Premier Division for 2023, forming an eight team competition. The 2022 Currie Cup First Division began later in the year.
Taikoo Place
Taikoo Place (Chinese: 太古坊; Jyutping: taai3 gu2 fong1; pinyin: Tàigǔfāng) is a commercial building complex located in Quarry Bay, east Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It comprises grade A office towers, car parking, clubs, office apartment, parks, and shops. It is reachable by MTR Island line (MTR). These three complexes are all managed by Swire Properties since the beginning from Taikoo Sugar Refinery, the subsequent Taikoo Dockyard and the recent demolitions of the industrial buildings.

Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels
The Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, Limited (HSH) is a Hong Kong-based holding company of a hotel group. It is engaged in the ownership, development and management of The Peninsula Hotels; commercial and residential properties in Asia, the United States and Europe; and the provision of tourism and leisure, club management and other services. Michael Kadoorie owns 47% of the shares of HSH.
Camila Rajchman
Camila Rajchman Goldfarb (born 26 November 1994) is an Uruguayan singer, songwriter and television personality. She is best known for being the vocalist of the cumbia-pop band Rombai from 2014 to 2016.

Fer Vázquez
Fernando Vázquez Rodríguez most known as Fer Vázquez (born 15 May 1994) is an Uruguayan singer, songwriter and television personality, known for being the vocalist of the cumbia pop band Rombai since 2014.
Nursing home care in the United States
As of 2017, approximately 1.4 million Americans live in a nursing home, two-thirds of whom rely on Medicaid to pay for their care. Residential nursing facilities receive Medicaid federal funding and approvals through a state health department. These facilities may be overseen by various types of state agency (e.g. health, mental health, or intellectual disabilities).

Nursing homes have traditionally been large institutions. Smaller community versions were developed around the 1970s. Some "community living" (CL) groups advocated for a different type of care and funding, which resulted in the creation of assisted living facilities.

Efforts to promote community-based Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS) are led by groups such as the Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities which represents over 200 national disability organizations.

Nursing Home Reform Act
The Nursing Home Reform Act, also known as the Federal Nursing Home Reform Act  (FNHRA) or the Federal Nursing Home Amendments Act of 1987, is a part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 which gives guidelines to regulate nursing home care in the United States. The act was intended to advance nursing home residents' rights.
Mauriac, Cantal
Mauriac (French pronunciation: [moʁjak] ⓘ; Occitan: [mawɾiˈak]) is a commune in the Cantal department in the Auvergne region in south-central France.

It lies 63 kilometres (39 mi) north-northwest of Aurillac by rail.

Mauriac, built on the slope of a volcanic hill, has a medieval church, and the buildings of an old abbey now used as public offices and dwellings; the town owes its origin to the abbey, which originated from a 6th-century foundation.

Auvergne
Auvergne (/oʊˈvɛərn(jə), oʊˈvɜːrn/; French: [ovɛʁɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha) is a cultural region in central France. It is now largely part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region.

Auvergne is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dissolved in 1790, and with the now-defunct administrative region of Auvergne, which existed from 1956 to 2015.

The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the "chaîne des Puys". The volcanoes began forming about 70,000 years ago, and most have eroded, leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys. The last confirmed eruption occurred around 4040 BCE.
Kissada Nilsawai
Kissada Yamine Nilsawai (Thai: กฤษฎา นิลไสว; RTGS: Kritsada Ninsawai, born 14 April 1992) is a Thai volleyball player who is currently the captain of the Thailand men's national volleyball team. He is of Malian descent and is the first volleyball player of African ancestry to represent Thailand at international level.

2018 Men's Volleyball Thai-Denmark Super League
2018 Men's Volleyball Thai-Denmark Super League (Thai: วอลเลย์บอลชายไทยเดนมาร์คซูเปอร์ลีก 2018) was the fifth edition of the tournament. It was held at the MCC Hall of The Mall Bangkapi in Bangkok, Thailand from 28 March to 1 April 2018.
Rote Säule (Wallhorn)
The Rote Säule or Rote Saile is a mountain, 2,820 metres (according to other sources 2,879 metres) high on the  Wallhornkamm in the Venediger Group. Its summit is accessible from Prägraten via the Sajat Hut and from there via an only slightly exposed normal route via the Saukopf or up a klettersteig with two climbing options. In the other direction the Rote Säule may be gained via the Kreuzspitze and the Schernerskopf from the Eissee Hut in the Timmel valley (Timmeltal) via the col of Zopetscharte and the Tulpspitze. To the south is the Obere Saukopf.

Venediger Group
The Venediger Group (German: Venedigergruppe) is a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps. Together with the Granatspitze Group, the Glockner Group, the Goldberg Group, and the Ankogel Group, it forms the main ridge  of the High Tauern. The highest peak is the Großvenediger at 3,657 m (AA), which gives its name to the group. Considerable parts of the Venediger Group belong to the core zone of the High Tauern National Park.
Mighty Igor
Richard Joseph "Dick" Garza (July 16, 1931 – January 7, 2002), better known as Mighty Igor Vodik, or simply Mighty Igor, was an American professional wrestler. He is a one-time American Wrestling Association World champion. As Mighty Igor, he was frequently billed as the "World's Strongest Wrestler".

AWA World Heavyweight Championship
The AWA World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship and the highest ranked championship in the defunct American Wrestling Association (AWA). All AWA trademarks, including the AWA World Heavyweight Championship, are now owned by WWE.
Merangin Regency
Merangin Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of Jambi Province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the former Sarolangun Bangko Regency into a new Sarolangun Regency in the east and this Merangin Regency in the west. The regency covers an area of 7,679.0 km2, and had a population of 333,206 at the 2010 census and 354,052 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 373,409 - comprising 189,365 males and 184,044 females. The administrative capital is the town of Bangko.

Jambi
Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi. It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km2, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km2. Its area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia or Smolensk Oblast. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2024 was 3,745,746 (comprising 1,893,490 males and 1,830,790 females).