hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lozoya (river)
The Lozoya River (Spanish pronunciation: [loˈθoʝa]) is a  river flowing  near the centre of Spain. It originates at a high altitude in  the Sistema Central and cuts downward through steep rocks to flow into the Jarama River, a major tributary of the Tajo, the longest river on the Iberian Peninsula.

Tagus
The Tagus (/ˈteɪɡəs/ TAY-gəs; Spanish: Tajo [ˈtaxo] ⓘ; Portuguese: Tejo [ˈtɛʒu]) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows 1,007 km (626 mi), generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon.
He Shuangqing
He Shuangqing (Chinese: 賀雙卿) (1715 – c. 1737) was a Chinese poet who lived during the Qing dynasty. She is best known for her work in the lyric genre, but also composed poems in regulated verse. Her song lyrics are frequently included in anthologies of women's poetry from the late imperial period and she has been named as one of the three major female lyric poets of the Qing dynasty.

He Shuangqing’s biography and poetry were made known in the Random Records of West-Green (Chinese: 西青散記; pinyin: Xi qing san ji), a literary and travel diary by the scholar Shi Zhenlin (1693 – c. 1779) first published in 1738. As a peasant woman living in an illiterate household, He Shuangqing published no works under her own name. Shi Zhenlin’s romantic representation of He Shuangqing has led to uncertainty regarding the authorship of the poetry attributed to her and her identity as a historical person as opposed to a literary fabrication.

Danyang, Jiangsu
Danyang (simplified Chinese: 丹阳; traditional Chinese: 丹陽; pinyin: Dānyáng) is a county-level city located on the southwest (right) bank of the Yangtze River, and is under the administration of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China. It is noted for the production of optical lenses used in sunglasses and eyeglasses. Danyang has a total area of 1,059 km2 (409 sq mi) and a population of roughly 988,900 in 2020. Danyang locals speak a dialect of Wu Chinese, and the city is on the linguistic borderline between Wu Chinese and Jianghuai Mandarin.
The Britons
The Britons was an English antisemitic and anti-immigration organisation founded in July 1919 by Henry Hamilton Beamish and John Henry Clarke. The organisation published pamphlets and propaganda under the names Judaic Publishing Co. and later The Britons, and (The) Britons Publishing Society. These entities mainly engaged in disseminating antisemitic literature and rhetoric in the United Kingdom. The organisation was on the forefront of British Fascists. Imprints under the first label exist for 1920, 1921, and 1922.

According to historian Sharman Kadish, The Britons was "the most extreme group disseminating anti-Semitic propaganda in the early 1920s - indeed the first organisation set up in Britain for this express purpose."

British Fascists
The British Fascists (originally called the British Fascisti) were the first political organisation in the United Kingdom to claim the label of fascism, formed in 1923. The group had lacked much ideological unity apart from anti-socialism for most of its existence, and was strongly associated with British conservatism. William Joyce, Neil Francis Hawkins, Maxwell Knight and Arnold Leese were amongst those to have passed through the movement as members and activists.
Vratsa dialect
The Vratsa dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Vratsa in northwestern Bulgaria. The Vratsa dialect borders on the transitional Belogradchik dialect to the west, the Northwestern Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect to the north and east, the Botevgrad dialect to the southeast and the Sofia dialect to the south.

Northwestern Bulgarian dialects
The Northwestern Bulgarian dialects are two closely related dialects of the Bulgarian language, which are located west of the yat boundary and thus are part of the Western Bulgarian dialects. The range of the dialects includes most of northwestern Bulgaria, to the west of the line between Nikopol, Pleven and Mezdra and to the north of the line between Vratsa and Belogradchik. They bear strong resemblance to their neighbouring Eastern Bulgarian dialects and with some exceptions, mainly the pronunciation of yat, have the same phonological and morphological features as the neighbouring subdialects of the Eastern Bulgarian Central Balkan dialect.
Anguksa
Anguksa (Korean: 안국사) is a Korean Buddhist temple situated in Pyongsong, South Pyongan Province, North Korea. Built on the slopes of Mt. Pongrin, the temple dates to the Koryo dynasty, though all of the buildings date to later Joseon dynasty renovations. The building is registered as National Treasure #34.

Buddhist temples in Korea
Buddhist temples are an important part of the Korean landscape. Most Korean temples have names ending in -sa (Korean: 사; Hanja: 寺), which means "monastery" in Sino-Korean.
Many temples participate in the Templestay program, where visitors can experience Buddhist culture and even stay at the temple overnight.
4th South Carolina Cavalry Regiment
The 4th South Carolina Cavalry Regiment was a regiment of cavalry in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.  They were from the state of South Carolina and served primarily in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.  The 4th South Carolina Cavalry Regiment was organized on December 16, 1862, by consolidating the 10th Battalion South Carolina Cavalry, the 12th Battalion South Carolina Cavalry, the Charleston Light Dragoons and Company A of the St. James Mounted Riflemen. The 10th Cavalry Battalion (also called the 3rd Battalion) was organized in the spring of 1862 with five companies, and Major James P. Adams and Major William Stokes were the commanding officers. The 12th Cavalry Battalion had also been known as the 4th Cavalry Battalion.

Carolinas campaign
The Carolinas campaign (January 1 – April 26, 1865), also known as the Campaign of the Carolinas, was the final campaign conducted by the Union Army against the Confederate Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. On January 1 Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman advanced north from Savannah, Georgia, through the Carolinas, with the intention of linking up with Union forces in Virginia. The campaign culminated in the defeat of Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army at the Battle of Bentonville, and its unconditional surrender to Union forces on April 26, 1865. Coming just two weeks after the defeat of Robert E. Lee's army at the Battle of Appomattox Court House, it signaled that the war was effectively over.
Orfeo ed Euridice discography
The following discography for Gluck's opera Orfeo ed Euridice is mainly based on the research of Giuseppe Rossi, which appeared in the programme notes to the performance of the work at the 70th Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 2007, under the title "Discografia – Christoph Willibald Gluck – Orfeo ed Euridice (Orphée et Eurydice)". Rossi's data has been checked against the sources referenced in the notes.

The discography gives the language of the recording as well as the version performed, although the recordings often mix different editions of the work or are even based on new ones created "from scratch." In the most significant cases, such mixed versions are described in detail. The term "pasticcio" (which has no negative connotation in this context) has been used for recordings where the different versions are inextricably mixed.

Maggio Musicale Fiorentino
The Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (literal English translation: 'Florence Musical May') is an annual Italian arts festival in Florence, including a notable opera festival, under the auspices of the Opera di Firenze. The festival occurs between late April into June annually, typically with four operas.
NGC 6078
NGC 6078 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Hercules. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 9459 ± 44 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 139.52 ± 9.81 Mpc (~455 million light-years). It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 21 June 1876.

Very close to NGC 6078 are the galaxies PGC 57459 and SDSS J161206.68+141210.3.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 6078: SN 2011dv (Type Ia, mag. 16.2) was discovered by the Italian Supernovae Search Project on 28 June 2011.

Hercules (constellation)
Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythology hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is the fifth-largest of the modern constellations and is the largest of the 50 which have no stars brighter than apparent magnitude +2.5.
2011 Zhongshan riot
22°40′23″N 113°13′46″E﻿ / ﻿22.67306°N 113.22944°E﻿ / 22.67306; 113.22944

The 2011 Zhongshan riot occurred on November 12, 2011, in Zhongshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. The riot was over issues related to land.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
The National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict began on 1 January 2019 during clashes between Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), after HTS launched an attack against the group in Darat Izza, Taqad, and Khan al-Asal fronts in rebel-held western Aleppo. The conflict ended on 10 January 2019, after the National Front for Liberation agreed to withdraw, allowing HTS to take over almost all of the remaining opposition-held areas of the Idlib pocket.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Balisto
Balisto is brand of wholemeal biscuit bar snacks manufactured by Mars, Incorporated, consisting of a digestive biscuit center and a variety of milky cream toppings, and coated in milk chocolate.

Normally, there are two fingers in a package, though the multipack contains ten fingers wrapped individually. They are available in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Slovenia, Hungary, Italy, Denmark. In Spring 2011, the bars were introduced to the United Kingdom.

When the Balisto bar was released in 1981, Mars, Incorporated in West Germany produced it. Its name supposedly alludes to its dietary fibre content ("Ballaststoffe" in German). In 2021, the Balisto bar with 90% paper-based packaging was released for the German market.

Digestive biscuit
A digestive biscuit, sometimes described as a sweet-meal biscuit, is a semi-sweet biscuit that originated in Scotland. The digestive was first developed in 1839 by two doctors to aid digestion. The term digestive is derived from the belief, around the time the biscuit was first introduced, that they had antacid properties due to the use of sodium bicarbonate as an ingredient. Historically, some producers used diastatic malt extract to "digest" some of the starch that existed in flour prior to baking.

First manufactured by McVitie's in 1892 to a secret recipe developed by Sir Alexander Grant, their digestive is the best-selling biscuit in the United Kingdom. In 2009, the digestive was ranked the fourth most popular biscuit for "dunking" into tea among the British public, with the chocolate digestive (produced by McVitie's since 1925) coming in at number one. The chocolate variant from McVitie's is routinely ranked the UK's favourite snack.
2011–12 Serie B
The 2011–12 Serie B (known as the Serie bwin for sponsorship reasons) was the eightieth season since its establishment in 1929. A total of 22 teams contested the league: 15 of these were returning from the 2010–11 season, four had been promoted from Lega Pro Prima Divisione, and three had been relegated from Serie A. It began on 27 August 2011 and ended on 27 May 2012.

2010–11 Serie B
The 2010–11 Serie B (known as the Serie bwin for sponsorship reasons) is the seventy-ninth season since its establishment in 1929, and the first one under the rule of the new Lega Serie B. A total of 22 teams contest the league, 15 of which returned from the 2009–10 season, 4 of which have been promoted from Lega Pro Prima Divisione, and three relegated from Serie A.
Forest Hill with Shotover
Forest Hill with Shotover is a civil parish covering 7.56 km2 of South Oxfordshire approximately centred 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Oxford. Its population in 2011 was 856, almost exclusively in the villages of Forest Hill, hamlets of Shotover Cleve and Shotover Edge.  It includes a country estate at Shotover Park. Forest Hill with Shotover was formed in 1881 by the merger of three smaller civil parishes: Forest Hill, Shotover and Shotover Hill Place.

Shotover Park
Shotover Park (also called Shotover House) is an 18th-century country house and park near Wheatley, Oxfordshire, England. The house, garden and parkland are Grade I-listed with English Heritage, and 18 additional structures on the property are also listed. Shotover House, its gardens, parkland, and the wider estate (known as Shotover Estate) are privately owned by the Shotover Trust. Shotover Park, which lies on the north and east slopes of Shotover hill, should not be confused with the more recently named Shotover Country Park, which is a public park and nature reserve on the southwest slopes of Shotover hill managed by Oxford City Council.
Diocese of Mondovì
The Diocese of Mondovì (Latin: Dioecesis Montis Regalis in Pedemonte o Montis Vici) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the Ecclesiastical Region of Piedmont in Italy. Its 192 parishes are divided between the Province of Savona in the (civil) region Liguria and the Province of Cuneo in the (civil) region Piedmont. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Turin.

Province of Savona
The province of Savona (Italian: provincia di Savona; Ligurian: provinsa de Sann-a) is a province in the Liguria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Savona. The province has a total population of 279,754.
JIC Germplasm Resources Unit
The Germplasm Resources Unit is part of the John Innes Centre. Located in the Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England, is a germplasm conservation unit and National Capability supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. This unit houses a number of internationally recognised reference- and working-collections for wheat, oats, barley and peas, which serves UK and non-UK based academic, industrial and non-industrial groups.

Germplasm
Germplasm refers to genetic resources such as seeds, tissues, and DNA sequences that are maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, conservation efforts, agriculture, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, trees growing in nurseries, animal breeding lines maintained in animal breeding programs or gene banks. Germplasm collections can range from collections of wild species to elite, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone extensive human selection. Germplasm collection is important for the maintenance of biological diversity, food security, and conservation efforts.

In the United States, germplasm resources are regulated by the National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), created by the U.S. congress in 1990. In addition the web server The Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) provides information about germplasms as they pertain to agriculture production.
Nathalie Amiel
Nathalie Amiel (born November 4, 1970) is a former French rugby union player. She represented France at three World Cup's in 1991, 1994 and the 2002 Women's Rugby World Cup. She debuted for France against Great Britain in 1986 at the age of 15.

Amiel practised judo when she was young. Her mother registered her for a club which offered women's rugby when she was 12. Her initial position was at Flanker, she later switched to centre near the end of her playing career in 2002.

Amiel was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame on 17 November 2014.

World Rugby Hall of Fame
The World Rugby Hall of Fame (formerly the IRB Hall of Fame) recognises special achievement and contribution to the sport of rugby union. The World Rugby Hall of Fame covers players, coaches, administrators, match officials, institutions and other individuals. The Hall of Fame recognises the history and important contributions to the game, through one or more induction ceremonies that have been held annually except in 2010. The permanent physical home of the Hall of Fame was based at the Rugby Art Gallery, Museum & Library in Rugby, Warwickshire from 2016 until 2021.
Mumbai Central–Jaipur Superfast Express
Train No 12956 / 12957 Mumbai Central - Jaipur  - Mumbai Central Superfast Express also informally known as Gangaur S.F Express is a Daily Superfast Express train of Indian Railways . It is one of the most important trains of Western Railway running between Mumbai in Maharashtra and Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. It was the first direct train between these two cities. It is the fastest train under Superfast category of trains;  which are running between Mumbai and Jaipur.

Kota Junction railway station
Kota Junction railway station is major railway junction on the West Central railway network of India which serves Kota in Rajasthan. It is the headquarters of Kota railway division of West Central Railway zone.
Wilhelm af Wetterstedt
Baron Nils Erik Wilhelm Wetterstedt, ennobled as af Wetterstedt (8 November 1815 – 1 January 1887) was a Swedish diplomat and translator of opera libretti. In his early career he worked in the Swedish Foreign Office and had diplomatic posts in Vienna, Berlin, the Hague and Copenhagen. In 1857 he was appointed Swedish-Norwegian resident minister to the United States. He was recalled at the outbreak of the American Civil War and then served as envoy extraordinaire and minister plenipotentiary to the Netherlands, in late 1864 he returned to North America as envoy to Washington and envoy to Mexico. He ended his diplomatic career in 1870, due to his ill health, and died in Skövde in 1887.

Norma (opera)
Norma (Italian: [ˈnɔrma]) is a tragedia lirica or opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini with libretto by Felice Romani after the play Norma, ou L'infanticide (Norma, or The Infanticide) by Alexandre Soumet. It was first produced at La Scala in Milan on 26 December 1831.

The opera is regarded as a leading example of the bel canto genre, and the soprano prayer "Casta diva" in Act 1 is a famous piece. Among the well known singers of Norma of the first half of the 20th century was Rosa Ponselle who played the role in New York and London. Notable exponents of the title role in the post-war period have been Maria Callas, Leyla Gencer, Joan Sutherland, and Montserrat Caballé.
Electoral districts of Central Province, Sri Lanka
Currently there are three electoral districts in Central Province, Sri Lanka.

The country's 1978 Constitution introduced a new proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament from 1989 onwards. The existing single-member, double-member and triple-member districts were replaced with multi-member electoral districts, similar to the existing administrative districts of Sri Lanka. The remaining districts by 1989 continues to be a polling division of the current multi-member electoral districts.

Electoral districts of Sri Lanka
The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka provides for the election of members of Parliament from 22 multi-member electoral districts through the proportional representation electoral system.

All but two of the electoral districts are conterminous with their namesake administrative district. The two exceptions are Jaffna (which covers the administrative districts of Jaffna and Kilinochchi) and Vanni (which covers the administrative districts of Mannar, Mullaitivu and Vavuniya). The first general election which used these electoral districts was in 1989.
RD-861
The RD-861 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-861, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-861, lit. 'Rocket Engine 861') is a Soviet liquid propellant rocket engine burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer in a gas generator combustion cycle. It has a main combustion chamber, with four vernier nozzles fed by the gas generator output. It can be reignited a single time.

Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
A Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) is a warhead delivery system that uses a low Earth orbit towards its target destination. Just before reaching the target, it deorbits through a retrograde engine burn.

The Soviet Union first developed FOBS as a nuclear-weapons delivery system in the 1960s. It was one of the first Soviet efforts to use space to deliver nuclear weapons. In August 2021, the People's Republic of China tested a weapon that combined a FOBS with a hypersonic glide vehicle.

Like a kinetic bombardment system but with nuclear weapons, FOBS has several attractive qualities: it has no range limit, its flight path would not reveal the target location, and warheads could be directed to North America over the South Pole, evading detection by  NORAD's north-facing early warning systems.

The maximum altitude would be around 150 km. Energetically, this would require a launch vehicle powerful enough to be capable of putting the weapon 'into orbit'.
Salomon BIG
The Salomon Broad Investment Grade Index (known as the Salomon BIG or Citigroup BIG) is a common American Bond index, akin to the S&P 500 for stocks, originally owned by Salomon Brothers, run by its successor, Citigroup and now by FTSE Russell. The BIG is generally used for managing broad debt portfolios from short to long-dated maturities, similar to the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index ("Agg") or the Merrill Lynch Domestic Master.

The BIG includes treasuries, agency debt, corporates, non-corporate credit, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities (ABS). Unlike the Agg, it includes 144As, but unlike the Agg, it does not include municipals or commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS). Like the Agg, the BIG does not include any inflation-indexed bonds, and is limited to investment grade securities, including no high-yield debt or emerging market debt.

High-yield debt
In finance, a high-yield bond (non-investment-grade bond, speculative-grade bond, or junk bond) is a bond that is rated below investment grade by credit rating agencies. These bonds have a higher risk of default or other adverse credit events but offer higher yields than investment-grade bonds to compensate for the increased risk.