hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Mainz (1814)
The siege of Mainz (3 January – 4 May 1814) saw an Imperial French corps under Charles Antoine Morand besieged in Mainz Fortress by an Imperial Russian corps led by Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron. When the Russians left in February 1814, they were replaced by the V German Corps, led by Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg and made up of the soldiers from the County of Nassau, the Duchy of Berg and several other minor German states. The French were far too strong for the Allies to directly attack the fortress. However, an outbreak of typhus ravaged the city. Despite the epidemic, Morand did not surrender the city until the news of Napoleon's abdication arrived.

Fortress of Mainz
The Fortress of Mainz was a fortressed garrison town between 1620 and 1918. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, under the term of the 1815 Peace of Paris, the control of Mainz passed to the German Confederation and became part of a chain of strategic fortresses which protected the Confederation. With the dissolution of the Confederation and the Austro-Prussian War, control of the fortress first passed to Prussia, and, after the 1871 Unification of Germany, to the German Empire. Control of the fortress shifted in line with major political changes in German history during the 19th century.
Double digital option
A double digital option is a particular variety of option (a financial derivative).  At maturity, the payoff is 1 if the spot price of the underlying asset is between two numbers, the lower and upper strikes of the option; otherwise, it is 0.

A double digital option is similar to the exotic option with a few exceptions. for instance a double digital option has two strike prices that is the expected price during the trade season. The option has two types of strikes namely the lower and the upper strikes.

A double digital with lower strike K1 and upper strike K2 can be replicated by going long a digital option with strike K1 and short another digital option with strike K2.

Option (finance)
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option.

Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset (or contingent liability) and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.

Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
2013–14 CERH Women's European Cup
The 2013–14 CERH Women's European League was the 8th season of Europe's premier female club roller hockey competition organized by CERH. Sixteen teams from seven national associations qualified to the competition as a result of their respective national league placing in the previous season. Following several knockout rounds, the four best teams contested a final four tournament won by CP Alcorcón, which took place in Coutras.

WSE Women's Champions League
The Rink Hockey European Female League, formerly CERH Women's European Cup (before 2018), is an annual club roller hockey competition organized by World Skate Europe and contested by the top ranked teams in European domestic leagues.

The most successful club is Voltregà and Gijón, having won six titles each.
Plate appearances per strikeout
In baseball statistics, plate appearances per strikeout (PA/SO) represents the ratio of a batter's plate appearances to their strikeouts.

This statistic enables a defensive team to identify hitters in the opposing team's lineup who are more prone to striking out. Such players tend to be more aggressive than the average hitter, when batting, allowing the pitcher to approach them with more pitching options, often throwing more balls out of the strike zone in hopes that the batter will swing and miss.

The PA/SO statistic can be calculated by dividing a player's total plate appearances by their total strikeouts. For example, Reggie Jackson accumulated 2,597 strikeouts and 11,418 plate appearances throughout his 21-year baseball career, recording a PA/SO of 4.39. This means that, on average, Jackson struck out once every 4.39 plate appearances.

Plate appearance
In baseball, a player is credited with a plate appearance (denoted by PA) each time he completes a turn batting. Under Rule 5.04(c) of the Official Baseball Rules, a player completes a turn batting when he is put out or becomes a runner. This happens when he strikes out or is declared out before reaching first base; or when he reaches first base safely or is awarded first base (by a base on balls, hit by pitch, catcher's interference, or obstruction); or when he hits a fair ball which causes a preceding runner to be put out for the third out before he himself is put out or reaches first base safely (see also left on base, fielder's choice, force play). A very similar baseball statistic, at bats, counts a subset of plate appearances that end under certain circumstances.
Headline Hunters (game show)
Headline Hunters is a Canadian game show that appeared on CTV from 1972 to 1982.  It was originally created by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir (creators of The Newlywed Game, Spin-Off, Definition, Guess What, and others). It was hosted by Jim Perry, who hosted two other Canadian game shows (Eye Bet and Definition) and several American game shows concurrently with its run. CFTO-TV meteorologist Dave Devall, who worked with Perry on the aforementioned two series, served as the announcer and was a de facto co-host for this series. It was a Glen-Warren Production for the CTV Television Network and was filmed at the Glen-Warren Studios in the Toronto suburb of Scarborough.

During the final broadcast, Jim Perry applauded the long-running show for promoting news literacy. Perry carried many of his pet phrases with him on his later American game show, Sale of the Century, which he would host for six years.

Spin-Off (American game show)
Spin-Off is an American game show created and produced by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir for CBS in 1975 that was based on the dice game Yahtzee. The series was hosted by Jim Lange and announced by Johnny Jacobs. The show replaced The Joker's Wild on CBS' daytime schedule and debuted on June 16, 1975, but was cancelled after 12 weeks on September 5, 1975. Spin-Off originated in Studios 31, 33 and 41 at Television City in Hollywood, California.

The theme song was remixed in another Nicholson-Muir game show Super Pay Cards.
Prem Pariyar
Prem Pariyar is Nepalese child singer who has performed in nepali movie series Nai Nabhannu La.He has released many Nepalese hit songs which were featured in Nepali movies such as Nai Nabhannu La.

He is popularly known as Kid with a great voice throughout Nepal after the success of his hit songs such as "Yi Aankhama Timi Chheu" and "Marne Kasailai" and has been featured on Nepal Television for an interview.

He started singing at an early age but he started to lose his voice while recording songs Nai Nabhannu La 3.

Nai Nabhannu La
Nai Nabhannu La (transl. Don't say no) is a Nepalese romantic drama film written and directed by Bikas Raj Acharya. The film stars Jiwan Luitel, Richa Singh Thakuri and Suman Singh in lead roles along with Mithila Sharma, Mukesh Acharya ame Hemangh Budhathoki in supporting roles. The film was released on 20 August 2010 with mixed response from critics but positive response from audience. The film was huge commercial success leading Jiwan Luitel to stardom. There were four sequels of the movies all of which were commercial successes and is the second highest grossing franchise in Nepal after Chhaka Panja(franchise). Nai Nabhannu La earned 3 crore across the country. This film is also one of the highest-grossing Nepali films of 2010 in Nepal.
Edward D. Phelka
Edward D. Phelka is an American pilot who was the 25th Chief Executive Officer/National Commander of Civil Air Patrol.  Phelka assumed command on  August 26, 2021 in Detroit, Michigan.  He served as CAP Chief Executive Officer and as an advisor to the CAP Board of Governors. He led the CAP Command Council and the CAP Senior Advisory Group (CSAG).  Phelka joined CAP as a Michigan Wing cadet in 1987. He earned the General Carl A. Spaatz Award in 1993.  Phelka was the second Spaatz recipient to reach the rank of national commander.

Phelka earned his pilot's license in 1998 and is a flight instructor, CAP mission pilot, cadet orientation pilot, and check pilot examiner. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, in economics and German.  He has worked as a senior customer service representative and operations manager at Northwest Airlines and Frontier Airlines and in the software industry.

He and his wife have two children.

National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol
The National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol (acronym: CAP/CC) is the highest senior official and commanding officer of Civil Air Patrol (CAP) — a non-profit corporation that is congressionally chartered to operate as the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force. The National Commander also serves as the chief executive officer of CAP.

The National Commander works in close collaboration with Civil Air Patrol–U.S. Air Force (CAP-USAF), a U.S. Air Force command whose commander is responsible for overseeing CAP programs, liaison between the CAP and U.S. Air Force and other United States Government agencies, and ensuring U.S. Air Force and other U.S. Government support to CAP.
2017 FIBA Women's AfroBasket qualification
The 2017 FIBA Women's AfroBasket qualification occurred on various dates in 2017. It determined which African national basketball teams would qualify for the 2017 FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Teams competed with other teams in their respective zones for a spot in the Championship tournament.

2017 FIBA Women's AfroBasket
The 2017 FIBA Women's AfroBasket was the 23rd AfroBasket Women, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and FIBA Africa. The tournament was hosted by Mali from 18 to 27 August 2017, with games played in Bamako. The winners and runners-up qualified for the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

Nigeria won their third title after defeating Senegal 65–48 in the final.
Colombo Kings in 2020
The Colombo Kings (abbreviated as CK) is a franchise Twenty20 cricket team based in Colombo, Western Province, Sri Lanka, that competed in the inaugural Lanka Premier League in 2020. The team is owned by Murfad Mustafa, an Indian businessman based in Dubai. For the season, the team was coached by Rangana Herath. Angelo Mathews served as captain, and was also announced as the icon player. Andre Russell, a Jamaican, was named as the marquee foreign player in the inaugural season. English batsman Laurie Evans made the most runs, while Afghan bowler Qais Ahmad took the most wickets for the Lanka's league.

The team was the most successful team of the season, winning six out of eight matches, though they lost in the semi-final against Galle Gladiators.

Andre Russell
Andre Dwayne Russell (born 29 April 1988), nicknamed Dre Russ, is a Jamaican former international cricketer who has played international cricket for the  West Indies and for Jamaica in domestic cricket as an all-rounder. He currently plays in various T20 leagues around the world and periodically represented the West Indies in T20is. Russell was part of the 2012 and 2016 ICC World T20 winning West Indies teams. Russell is considered as one of the greatest cricketers in the T20 format, notable for his powerful hitting, and capability to bowl at speeds consistently above 140 km/h.
Davit Guramishvili
Prince Davit Guramishvili (Georgian: დავით გურამიშვილი; 1705 – 21 July 1792) was a Georgian poet of pre-Romantic Georgian literature. He is known for writing Davitiani, an autobiographical book of poetry that recounts his years serving abroad in the Russian military.

Donald Rayfield
Patrick Donald Rayfield OBE (born 12 February 1942) is an English academic and Emeritus Professor of Russian and Georgian at Queen Mary University of London. He is an author of books about Russian and Georgian literature, and about Joseph Stalin and his secret police. He is also a series editor for books about Russian writers and intelligentsia. He has translated Georgian, Russian and Uzbek poets and prose writers.

In March 2025, Donald Rayfield declined an award from the Writers' House of Georgia. Speaking at an event in London, he stated that he could not accept any gift associated with the Georgian Dream party.
Cryptolithus
Cryptolithus is a genus of extinct epifaunal, suspension-feeding, trinucleid trilobites that lived during the Ordovician period. They were mostly blind. They are found in the United States, Canada, Venezuela, the United Kingdom, France, the Czech Republic, Morocco and Turkey.

Trinucleidae
Trinucleidae is a family of small to average size asaphid trilobites that first occurred at the start of the Ordovician and became extinct at the end of that period. It contains approximately 227 species divided over 51 genera in 5 subfamilies. The most conspicuous character is the wide perforated fringe of the head.
Krzyż railway station
Krzyż railway station is a railway station serving the town of Krzyż Wielkopolski, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1851 and is located on the Tczew–Kostrzyn railway, Poznań–Szczecin railway and now closed Wałcz–Krzyż railway. The train services are operated by PKP, Przewozy Regionalne.

Despite Krzyż being a small town, its station has an important interchange function between the north–south route from Szczecin to Poznan and the east–west route from Germany and Gorzów Wielkopolski to Piła and further east.

The station building is located on the central platform and is connected to the town by a footbridge. At the station there is also a large depot of Przewozy Regionalne, including a working turntable and Roundhouse.

Krzyż Wielkopolski
Krzyż Wielkopolski [ˈkʂɨʂ vʲɛlkɔˈpɔlskʲi] (German: Kreuz (Ostbahn)) is a town in Poland, with 6,176 inhabitants (2019) in the Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is an important railroad junction, with two major lines crossing there - the Berlin-Bydgoszcz and the Poznań-Szczecin connections.
Cinderford R.F.C.
Cinderford RFC is a rugby union club based in the town of Cinderford, Gloucestershire. The first team play in the fourth tier of the English league system following relegation from National League 1 at the end of the 2023–24 season.

Regional 1 South West
Regional 1 South West (formerly South West Premier and National League 3 South West) is a level five league in the English rugby union system. It is one of six leagues at this level. When this division began in 1987 it was known as South West Division 1. The format of the league was changed at the beginning of the 2009–10 season following reorganisation by the Rugby Football Union, and the name change from National League 3 to South West Premier was introduced for the 2017–18 season by the RFU in order to lessen confusion for what is a series of regional leagues. Regional 1 South West, is the highest regional rugby union league covering South West England. The club finishing in first place is promoted to National League 2 West. Relegated teams drop down to either Regional 2 South West or Regional 2 Severn, depending on their location.

Barnstaple are the current champions.
Chop–Tysa
For the city, see Chop, Ukraine.

Chop–Tysa is a land border crossing between Ukraine and Hungary on the Ukrainian side, near the village of Solomonovo, Uzhhorod Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast.

The crossing is situated on Highway M06. Across the border on the Hungarian side is the town of Zahony, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Northern Great Plain.

The type of crossing is automobile. The types of transportation for automobile crossings are passenger and freight. Pedestrian and bicycle movement is closed.

The port of entry is part of the Tysa customs post of Chop customs.

Bridge over Tysa viewing the Hungarian side

Záhony
Záhony (Ukrainian: Загонь) is a town in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Northern Great Plain, eastern Hungary.

It covers an area of 6.97 km2 (3 sq mi) and has a population of 4675 people (2005). It is near the Ukrainian border (at Chop and Solomonovo) and was part of Ung county before the Treaty of Trianon. Road and railway border crossings into Ukraine are located here. The Ukrainian town across the border is Chop.
Huddersfield Rifles
The Huddersfield Rifles was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force first raised in 1859. It later became a battalion of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment in the Territorial Army, serving as infantry on the Western Front in World War I and as an air defence unit during and after World War II.

Anti-Aircraft Command
Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom.
Skaratki pod Rogóźno
Skaratki pod Rogóźno [skaˈratki ˈpɔt rɔˈɡuʑnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Domaniewice, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Domaniewice, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Łowicz, and 37 km (23 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Domaniewice, Łódź Voivodeship
Domaniewice [dɔmaɲɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Domaniewice. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Łowicz and 34 km (21 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Jesionna
Jesionna [jɛˈɕɔnna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Wodzierady, 12 km (7 mi) north of Łask, and 23 km (14 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wodzierady
Wodzierady [vɔd͡ʑɛˈradɨ] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wodzierady. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Łask and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
PAS754
BS PAS 754:2014 is a British Standards Institution (BSI) software Publicly Available Specification, published in May 2014. BS PAS 754:2014 was withdrawn following the publication of BS 10754-1:2018 in February 2018.

The PAS defines the overall principles for effective software trustworthiness, and includes technical, physical, cultural and behavioral measures alongside effective leadership and governance. It also identifies the necessary tools, techniques and processes and addresses safety, reliability, availability, security and resilience issues.

BSI Group
The British Standards Institution (BSI) is the national standards body of the United Kingdom. BSI produces technical standards on a wide range of products and services and also supplies standards certification services for business and personnel.
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is a congenital heart defect that occurs when the flaps of the pulmonary valve do not develop or are severely underdeveloped (hypoplasia) resulting in aneurysms (dilation) of the pulmonary arteries and softening of the trachea and bronchi (tracheobronchomalacia). Usually, APVS occurs together with other congenital heart defects, most commonly ventricular septal defect and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. It is sometimes considered a variant of Tetralogy of Fallot. The first case of absent pulmonary valve syndrome was reported Crampton in 1830.

Ventricular outflow tract obstruction
A ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a heart condition in which either the right or left ventricular outflow tract is blocked or obstructed.  These obstructions represent a spectrum of disorders. Majority of these cases are congenital, but some are acquired throughout life.
Arkansas Highway 345
Highway 345 (AR 345, Ark. 345, and Hwy. 345) is a north–south state highway in Baxter County, Arkansas. The route runs 3.36 miles (5.41 km) between U.S. Route 62 Business (US 62 Bus.) in Cotter and US 62/US 412 in Gassville.

U.S. Route 62 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 62 (US 62) is a U.S. highway running from El Paso, Texas northeast to Niagara Falls, New York. In the U.S. state of Arkansas, the route runs 329.9 miles from the Oklahoma border near Summers east to the Missouri border in St. Francis, serving the northern portion of the state. The route passes through several cities and towns, including Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Harrison, Mountain Home, Pocahontas, and also Piggott. US 62 runs concurrent with several highways in Arkansas including Interstate 49 and U.S. Route 71 between Fayetteville and Bentonville, U.S. Route 412 through much of the state, U.S. Route 65 in the Harrison area, and with U.S. Route 63 and U.S. Route 67 in northeast Arkansas.
Truncated tesseract
In geometry, a truncated tesseract is a uniform 4-polytope formed as the truncation of the regular tesseract.

There are three truncations, including a bitruncation, and a tritruncation, which creates the truncated 16-cell.

Truncated octahedron
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six equilateral square pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagons and 6 squares), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. Since each of its faces has point symmetry, the truncated octahedron is a 6-zonohedron. It is also the Goldberg polyhedron GIV(1,1), containing square and hexagonal faces. Like the cube, it can tessellate (or "pack") 3-dimensional space, as a permutohedron.

The truncated octahedron was called the "mecon" by Buckminster Fuller.

Its dual polyhedron is the tetrakis hexahedron. If the original truncated octahedron has unit edge length, then its dual tetrakis hexahedron has edge lengths ⁠9/8⁠√2 and ⁠3/2⁠√2.
Lesothosaurus
Lesothosaurus is a monospecific genus of ornithischian dinosaur that lived during the Early Jurassic in what is now South Africa and Lesotho. It was named by paleontologist Peter Galton in 1978, the name meaning "lizard from Lesotho". The genus has only one valid species, Lesothosaurus diagnosticus. Lesothosaurus is one of the most completely-known early ornithischians, based on numerous skull and postcranial fossils from the Upper Elliot Formation. It had a simpler tooth and jaw anatomy than later ornithischians, and may have been omnivorous in some parts of the year.

Thyreophora
Thyreophora ("shield bearers"), often known simply as armored dinosaurs is a group of armored ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Early Jurassic until the end of the Cretaceous.

Thyreophorans are characterized by the presence of body armor lined up in longitudinal rows along the body. Primitive forms had simple, low, keeled scutes or osteoderms, whereas more derived forms developed more elaborate structures including spikes and plates. Most thyreophorans were herbivorous and had relatively small brains for their body size.

Thyreophora includes two major subgroups, Ankylosauria and Stegosauria. In both clades, the forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, particularly in stegosaurs. Thyreophora has been defined as the group consisting of all species more closely related to Ankylosaurus and Stegosaurus than to Iguanodon and Triceratops. It is the sister group of Cerapoda within Genasauria.