hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atul Kumar Jain
Vice Admiral Atul Kumar Jain PVSM, AVSM, VSM is a retired Indian naval officer who served as the 2nd Vice Chief of Defence Staff of India. He assumed the position on 28 February 2021. Previously, he  served as Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Chopin Plaza
Chopin Plaza (Polish: Plac Chopina) is a small plaza in Chicago's Gladstone Park neighborhood at the intersection of Milwaukee, Elston and Melvina avenues. Unofficially named in honor of Frederic Chopin by 41st Ward Alderman Roman Pucinski after the composer in recognition of Northwest Chicago's sizable Polish population, it received this official designation in June 2014 thanks to Alderman Margaret Laurino.

Roman Pucinski
Roman Conrad Pucinski (May 13, 1919 – September 25, 2002) was an American Democratic politician from Chicago, Illinois. He was a U.S. representative from 1959 to 1973 and alderman from the 41st Ward of Chicago from 1973 to 1991. He was considered a longtime leader of Chicago Polonia and was seen to represent its interests in Washington.
Ibrahim Hassan
Ibrahim Hassan Hassanein Ahmed (Egyptian Arabic: إبراهيم حسن حسنين حسن; born 10 August 1966) is an Egyptian football director and former professional football player who played as a right back. He is currently the director of the Egyptian national team. Ibrahim Hassan has 131 caps for Egypt. His twin brother Hossam also played professional football, and they shared clubs for most of their extensive careers.

2003 Arab Unified Club Championship
2003 Arab Unified Club Championship, officially named the 2003 Prince Faisal bin Fahd Tournament for Arab Clubs, was the 19th UAFA Club Cup, and the 2nd since the Arab Club Champions Cup and Arab Cup Winners' Cup were unified. The tournament began on 6 July and concluded on 20 July 2003, the matches took place in Cairo Stadium in Cairo, Egypt, Zamalek won the tournament and earning their first UAFA Club Cup title.
Elections in Mexico
Elections in Mexico are held for officials at federal, state, and municipal levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the president, is directly elected with the popular vote by all Mexican citizens for a six-year non-renewable term. All members of the bicameral federal legislature, the Congress of the Union, are also elected by all Mexican citizens. At the state level, each state has an elective governor and unicameral congress. At the municipal level, the municipal presidents are also elected by their citizens. Since 2016, a constitutional amendment has designated Mexico City to be a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. Its city head ("mayor"), city congress, and borough mayors are elected by their citizens, similarly to those states.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Hereford and Worcester County Council
Hereford and Worcester County Council was the county council of the non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester in west England. It came into its powers on 1 April 1974 and was abolished on 31 March 1998. The county council was based at County Hall in Worcester. It was replaced by Herefordshire Council and Worcestershire County Council.

Hereford and Worcester
Hereford and Worcester (/ˈhɛrɪfərd ... ˈwʊstər/ HERR-if-ərd ... WUUST-ər) was an English non-metropolitan county created on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 from the areas of the former administrative county of Herefordshire, most of Worcestershire (except Halesowen, Stourbridge and Warley, which became part of the West Midlands) and the county borough of Worcester. An aim of the Act was to increase efficiency of local government: the two counties are among England's smaller and less populous counties, particularly after the same Act transferred some of Worcestershire's most urbanised areas to the West Midlands.

The county bordered Shropshire, Staffordshire and the West Midlands to the north, Warwickshire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south, and Gwent and Powys in Wales to the west. It was abolished in 1998 and reverted, with some transfers of territory, to the two separate historic counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire.
1971 TVW Channel 7 6 Hour Le Mans
The TVW Channel 7 6 Hour Le Mans was motor race staged at the Wanneroo Park Circuit in Western Australia on 7 June 1971. It was the 17th “Six Hour Le Mans” race to be held in Western Australia and the third to be staged at Wanneroo Park. The race was won by Ray Thackwell and Jim Mullins driving a Porsche 911S.

Six Hour Le Mans
The Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race for sports cars and touring cars held annually in Western Australia, Australia from 1955 to 1972.

Initially run at the Caversham Airfield circuit, the event was moved, along with all other WA circuit racing, to the then new Wanneroo Raceway in 1969.
Skjeggestad Bridge
Skjeggestad Bridge (Norwegian: Skjeggestadbrua) is the name of two parallel highway bridges on the European route E18 highway in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The bridges are located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the town of Holmestrand.

Holmestrand
Holmestrandⓘ is a town in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located along the shore of the Ytre Oslofjord, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the town of Horten and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the village of Sande i Vestfold. The large town of Drammen lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north.

The 4.52-square-kilometre (1,120-acre) town has a population (2024) of 8,258 and a population density of 1,826 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,730/sq mi).
Miss Katie (2022 ship)
Miss Katie is a hopper dredge owned by EJE Dredging Service, LLC.  Her primary mission is to maintain the channels through Oregon Inlet and nearby Hatteras Inlet in the Outer Banks of North Carolina.  Keeping these navigable waterways open is important to local fishing, recreational boating, and other maritime interests.

Hatteras Inlet
Hatteras Inlet is an estuary in North Carolina, located along the Outer Banks, separating Hatteras Island and Ocracoke Island.  It connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pamlico Sound.  Hatteras Inlet is located entirely within Hyde County.
Duranta
Duranta is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains 17 species of shrubs and small trees that are native from southern Florida to Mexico and South America. They are commonly cultivated as hedges and ornamental plants.

Duranta is registered as an invasive weed by many councils of Australia. It is a prolific, fast growing weed that is spread by birds from domestic areas to natural reserves. It was introduced and marketed as a hedge plant some years ago. Many people now fight to keep this thorny pest under control. It is highly ranked in the most invasive weeds in Australia.

Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring

Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Ali Mohamed Mohamud
Ali Hared Mohamed " (Somali: Cali xareed Maxamed, Arabic: علي محمد محمود) is a Somali politician. He previously served as Minister of Tourism and Wildlife of Somalia under Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed's presidency. On 9 August 2014, Mohamud was appointed Minister of Health by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. He replaced Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud at the position. Mohamud's term as Minister of Health ended on 12 January 2015, when new Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke appointed Said Hussein Iid as his successor.

Said Hussein Iid
Said Hussein Iid (Somali: Siciid Xuseen Ciid, Arabic: سعيد حسين عيد) is a Somali politician. He hails from the northeastern Puntland region of Somalia, and belongs to the Arab Salah Meheri clan. Iid previously served as the Chairman of the Puntland Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture. In January 2015, he was briefly named the new Minister of Health-designate of Somalia by Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke. However, he only served 2 weeks when on 17 January 2015, Prime Minister Sharmarke dissolved his newly nominated cabinet due to vehement opposition by legislators, who rejected the reappointment of certain former ministers. On 27 January 2015, Sharmarke appointed a new, smaller 20 minister cabinet and was named the new Minister of Livestock and Pasture of Somalia. He has now been succeeded by Sheikh Nur Mohamed Hassan.
Hu language
Hu (Hu pronunciation: [xúˀ], Chinese: 户语; pinyin: Hùyǔ), also Angku or Kon Keu, is a Palaungic language of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Angku as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angkuic languages is not intelligible with Bulang.

Jinghong
Jinghong (Chinese: 景洪; pinyin: Jǐnghóng; Tai Lü: ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦳᧂᧈ ᦉᦹᧈ; Burmese: ကျိုင်းဟုံ; Thai: เชียงรุ่ง, RTGS: Chiang Rung, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rûŋ]; Northern Thai: เจียงฮุ่ง, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hûŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງຮຸ່ງ, pronounced [síaŋ hūŋ]; also formerly romanised as Chiang Hung, Chengrung, Cheng Hung, Jeng Hung,  Jinghung, Keng Hung, Kiang Hung and Muangjinghung) is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in the far south of China's Yunnan province, and the historic capital of the former Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna.
2007 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic Junior and U23 World Ski Championships 2007 took place in Planica, Slovenia and Tarvisio, Italy from 12 March to 18 March 2007. It was the 30th Junior World Championships and the second Under-23 World Championships in nordic skiing. Cross-country skiing and nordic combined events were held in Tarvisio, while the ski jumping events were held in Planica.

FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships is an annual nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The Junior World Championships was started in 1977 and was first hosted in Sainte-Croix, Switzerland. The Junior World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping).
Lizums Parish
Lizums Parish (Latvian: Lizuma pagasts) is an administrative territorial entity of Gulbene Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It was an administrative unit of the former Gulbene district. The administrative center is Lizums.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
History of Tallahassee, Florida
The history of Tallahassee, Florida, much like the history of Leon County, dates back to the settlement of the Americas. Beginning in the 16th century, the region was colonized by Europeans, becoming part of Spanish Florida. In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty ceded Spanish Florida, including modern-day Tallahassee, to the United States. Tallahassee became a city and the state capital of Florida in 1821; the American takeover led to the settlements' rapid expansion as growing numbers of cotton plantations began to spring up nearby, increasing Tallahassees' population significantly.

Florida Territory
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the state of Florida. Originally the major portion of the Spanish territory of La Florida, and later the provinces of East Florida and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council.
Media in the San Francisco Bay Area
The media in the San Francisco Bay Area has historically focused on San Francisco but also includes two other major media centers, Oakland and San Jose. The Federal Communications Commission, Nielsen Media Research, and other similar media organizations treat the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose Area as one entire media market. The region hosts to one of the oldest radio stations in the United States still in existence, KCBS (AM) (740 kHz), founded by engineer Charles Herrold in 1909. As the home of Silicon Valley, the Bay Area is also a technologically advanced and innovative region, with many companies involved with Internet media or influential websites.

KPIX-TV
KPIX-TV (channel 5), branded CBS Bay Area, is a television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving the San Francisco Bay Area. It is owned and operated by the CBS television network through its CBS News and Stations division, and is sister to KPYX (channel 44), an independent station. The two outlets share studios at Broadway and Battery Street, in San Francisco's North Waterfront district; KPIX's transmitter is located atop Sutro Tower. In addition to KPYX, KPIX shares its building with formerly co-owned radio stations KCBS, KFRC-FM, KITS, KLLC, KRBQ and KZDG (all now owned by Audacy, Inc.), although they use a different address number for Battery Street (865 as opposed to 855).
Akmola Regional Mäslihat
The Akmola Regional Mäslihat (Kazakh: Ақмола облыстық мәслихаты, romanized: Aqmola oblystyq mäslihaty) is a local unicameral legislature of the Akmola Region which was formed in 1993. Since 2023, half the members are elected through party-list proportional representation and the other are elected independently, without a party's influence through single-member districts. The Mäslihat is elected by the population of the region and are in charge expressing the population's will and, in accordance with Kazakhstani law, deciding the steps needed and monitoring their implementation.

The Regional Mäslihat is currently chaired by Chairman Beibit Jüsipov (Amanat) since 30 March 2023.

Akmola Region
Akmola Region is a centrally located region of Kazakhstan. It was known as Tselinograd Oblast during Soviet rule. Its capital is Kökşetau. The national capital, Astana, is enclosed by the region, but is politically separate from Aqmola Region. The region's population is 715,000; Kökşetau's is 157,000.

Some gold and coal mining occur in the area.
Ilkley Town Hall
Ilkley Town Hall, on Station Road, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, is a Grade II listed municipal building designed by William Bakewell of Leeds. It forms the centre of a small complex of public buildings, which also includes Ilkley Library (a Carnegie library), and the King's Hall & Winter Garden theatre. The library, Town Hall and King's Hall opened in 1908 opposite Ilkley railway station; the Winter Garden was added to the west in 1914.

Ilkley railway station
Ilkley railway station serves Ilkley in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  On the Wharfedale Line, it is served by a combination of Class 333 and Class 331 electric trains run by Northern Trains, which also manages the station.
Demo (comics)
Demo is a twelve-issue limited series of comic books by writer Brian Wood and artist Becky Cloonan, published from 2003–2004 by AiT/Planet Lar. Each issue is an isolated story, but they all revolve around the lives of young people. Originally, the series was intended to focus on young people with supernatural powers—which many of the issues indeed do—but as the years progressed, the stories increasingly focused on people, relationships, and emotions, with the "supernatural" angle quietly deemphasized.

Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are awards for creative achievement in American comic books. They are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the comic industry and often referred to as the industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The first Eisners were conferred in 1988, for works published in 1987. The Eisner Awards ceremony has been held at San Diego Comic-Con every year since 1991. The awards are named in honor of pioneering cartoonist and writer Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the ceremony until his death in 2005.

The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals. The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comic experts. As of 2021, awards are presented in 32 categories.
Distributed version control
In software development, distributed version control (also known as distributed revision control) is a form of version control in which the complete codebase, including its full history, is mirrored on every developer's computer. Compared to centralized version control, this enables automatic management branching and merging, speeds up most operations (except pushing and fetching), improves the ability to work offline, and does not rely on a single location for backups. Git, the world's most popular version control system, is a distributed version control system.

Merge (version control)
In version control, merging (also called integration) is a fundamental operation that reconciles changes made to a version-controlled collection of files. Most often, it is necessary when a file is modified on two independent branches and subsequently merged. The result is a single collection of files that contains both sets of changes.

In some cases, the merge can be performed automatically, because there is sufficient history information to reconstruct the changes, and the changes do not conflict. In other cases, a person must decide exactly what the resulting files should contain. Many revision control software tools include merge capabilities.
Caritas Togo
Caritas Togo, officially the Charity Organisation for Integral Development – Caritas Togo (French: Organisation de la charité pour un développement intégral – Caritas Togo) or simply OCDI Caritas Togo, is a Togolese nonprofit organisation established in 1967. It is the official aid organisation of the Catholic Church in Togo.

It is a member of the regional Caritas Africa network and of the worldwide Caritas Internationalis confederation.

Caritas Africa
Caritas Africa is a confederation of Catholic social service, international development and humanitarian relief organisations operating across Africa. It is one of the seven regions of Caritas Internationalis.

Caritas Africa refers to both the African network with its 46 member organizations, and its secretariat based in Lomé in Togo. The official languages of the organisation are English, French, and Portuguese.
Coregonus nilssoni
Coregonus nilssoni is a putative species of whitefish, part of the Coregonus lavaretus complex (European whitefish). It is a pelagic fish feeding on zooplankton. Its distribution is in lakes of Sweden, southern Norway, Denmark and Poland.

In Sweden, the name C. nilssoni has referred to a form of whitefish known as the planktonsik. That is however no more considered a distinct species but an ecotype within Coregonus maraena ("Coregonus maraena morphotype nilssoni"), and not different from "Coregonus maraena morphotype megalops".

Coregonus lavaretus
Coregonus lavaretus is a species of freshwater whitefish, in the family Salmonidae. It is the type species of its genus Coregonus.

There are widely different concepts about the delimitation of the species Coregonus lavaretus and about the number of species in the genus Coregonus in general.
Prionurus
Prionurus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Acanthuridae, the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs, although some of the species in this genus are called sawtails or doctorfish. The species in this genus are found in the Pacific Ocean with one species, P. biafraensis, found in the Atlantic Ocean.

Bernard Germain de Lacépède
Bernard-Germain-Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de Lacépède or La Cépède (French: [bɛʁnaʁ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ etjɛn də la vil syʁ‿ijɔ̃ də lasepɛd]; 26 December 1756 – 6 October 1825) was a French naturalist and an active freemason. He is known for his contribution to the Comte de Buffon's great work, the Histoire Naturelle.
Yarowsky algorithm
In computational linguistics the Yarowsky algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm for word sense disambiguation that uses the "one sense per collocation" and the "one sense per discourse" properties of human languages for word sense disambiguation. From observation, words tend to exhibit only one sense in most given discourse and in a given collocation.

Collocation
In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a series of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. In phraseology, a collocation is a type of compositional phraseme, meaning that it can be understood from the words that make it up. This contrasts with an idiom, where the meaning of the whole cannot be inferred from its parts, and may be completely unrelated.

There are about seven main types of collocations: adjective + noun, noun + noun (such as collective nouns), noun + verb, verb + noun, adverb + adjective, verbs + prepositional phrase (phrasal verbs), and verb + adverb.

Collocation extraction is a computational technique that finds collocations in a document or corpus, using various computational linguistics elements resembling data mining.