hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ragged Appleshaw
Ragged Appleshaw is a hamlet in the civil parish of Appleshaw in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Andover, which lies approximately 4.2 miles (6.7 km) south-east from the hamlet.

Test Valley
Test Valley is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England, named after the valley of the River Test. The council is based in the borough's largest town of Andover. The borough also contains the town of Romsey and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. A small part of the borough at its southern end lies within the New Forest National Park, and part of the borough north of Andover lies within the North Wessex Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Basingstoke and Deane, Winchester, and Eastleigh to the east, Southampton and New Forest to the south, Wiltshire to the west and West Berkshire to the north.
Wegscheid
Wegscheid (German pronunciation: [ˈveːkʃaɪt]) is a municipality in the district of Passau in Bavaria in Germany.

In November 1936, Fritz Wächtler visited the school.

In January 1939, when the Adalbert-Stifter school was dedicated, Kreisleiter Krenn joined the guests of honor.

Passau (district)
Passau is a Landkreis (district) in the southeast of Bavaria, Germany. It encloses the city of Passau geographically from two sides. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Rottal-Inn, Deggendorf, Freyung-Grafenau. To the south it borders Austria.
Nahum the Mede
Nahum the Mede (Hebrew: נחום המדי, transliteration: Nahum HaMadi) was a first-century tanna of the first generation who came to the Land of Israel from Media. He lived in Jerusalem and according to Nathan the Babylonian, he was one of the three most renowned criminal judges in the city. He was one of the seven great contemporaries of Johanan ben Zakai who had survived the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans and who probably became members of the Sanhedrin at Yavne.

Yohanan ben Zakkai
Yohanan ben Zakkai  (Hebrew: יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, romanized: Yōḥānān ben Zakkaʾy; 1st century CE), sometimes abbreviated as ריב״ז‎ ribaz  for Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, was a tanna, an important Jewish sage during the late Second Temple period during the transformative post-destruction era. He was a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinic Judaism, the Mishnah. His name is often preceded by the honorific title Rabban. He is widely regarded as one of the most important Jewish figures of his time, and his escape from the Roman destruction of Jerusalem (which allowed him to continue teaching) may have been instrumental in Rabbinic Judaism's survival post-Temple. His tomb is located in Tiberias within the Maimonides burial compound.

Yohanan was the first Jewish sage attributed the title of rabbi in the Mishnah.
Elise Harmon
Elise (aka E'Lise) Frances Harmon (3 September 1909 – 6 March 1985 in Santa Clara County, California) was an American chemist and biologist by education and engineer by practice who invented several technologies in the emerging printed circuit board industry in the 1950s that allowed efficient printing of circuit elements on plastic substrate and continued making significant engineering innovations in circuit miniaturization into the 1970s.  She also conducted critical research on the performance of electrical equipment in aircraft under extreme conditions that enhanced aircraft performance in World War II.

United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.
Tomb of Hecatomnus
The Tomb of Hecatomnus or Hekatomnos (Greek: Ἑκατόμνος, Carian: 𐊴𐊭𐊪𐊵𐊫 k̂tmno "under-son, descendant(?)") is in the Hisarbaşı District of Milas, one of the most important cities of the Caria region, located in the southwest of Anatolia in present-day Turkey. The tomb was added to the World Heritage Tentative List by UNESCO in 2012.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
Tuen Mun Town Centre (constituency)
Tuen Mun Town Centre (Chinese: 屯門市中心) is one of the 31 constituencies in the Tuen Mun District.

Created for the 1994 District Board elections, the constituency returns one district councillor to the Tuen Mun District Council, with an election every four years.

Tuen Mun Town Centre loosely covers areas surrounding Tuen Mun Town Plaza in Tuen Mun with an estimated population of 20,442.

Tuen Mun
Tuen Mun (Chinese: 屯門) or Castle Peak is an area near the mouth of Tuen Mun River and Castle Peak Bay in the west of New Territories, Hong Kong. It was one of the earliest settlements in what is now Hong Kong and can be dated to the Neolithic period. In the more recent past, it was home to many Tanka fishermen who gathered at Castle Peak Bay. Tuen Mun is now a modern, mainly residential area in the north-west New Territories. As of 2025, around 540,000 residents live in Tuen Mun.
Renard R.36
The Renard R.36 was a Belgian all-metal fighter aircraft designed by Alfred Renard to replace the Fairey Firefly IIM within the Belgian Air Force. Designed to improve on the Renard Epervier, which was never adopted by the Belgian government, the prototype R.36 first flew on 5 November 1937. Following testing the R.36 was selected by the Belgian Air Force in late 1938, with 40 aircraft provisionally ordered, to be delivered in two years.

However, on 17 January 1939 the prototype, OO-ARW, crashed near Nivelles, killing pilot Lt. Viscount Eric de Spoelberch. The official investigation was inconclusive, no evidence of material failure being discovered, with the most probable causes being radio equipment coming loose during a high-G manoeuvre, jamming the controls, or the pilot becoming incapacitated.  The airframe had accumulated 75:30 hours' flight time. The order was then dropped in favour of licence production of the Hawker Hurricane by SABCA.

M1919 Browning machine gun
The M1919 Browning is a .30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1919 saw service as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S and many other countries.

The M1919 was an air-cooled development of the standard U.S. machine gun of World War I, the John M. Browning-designed water-cooled M1917. The emergence of general-purpose machine guns in the 1950s pushed the M1919 into secondary roles in many cases, especially after the arrival of the M60 in US Army service.

The United States Navy also converted many to 7.62 mm NATO and designated them Mk 21 Mod 0; they were commonly used on riverine craft in the 1960s and 1970s in Vietnam. Many NATO countries also converted their examples to 7.62 mm caliber, and these remained in service well into the 1990s, as well as up to the present day in some countries.
Thomas Posey
Thomas Posey (July 9, 1750 – March 19, 1818) was an officer rising to the rank of Brigadier General in the Continental Army, under commanding General George Washington (1732–1799, commanded 1775–1784) in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Posey was later commissioned lieutenant colonel in the regular United States Army during peacetime, and became involved in the Northwest Indian War (1785–1795).

Posey later served in the Kentucky Senate as a Kentucky state senator (1804–1806), subsequently becoming the third lieutenant governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky (1806–1808). After a brief tenure as senator of the newly admitted state of Louisiana (1812–1813), Posey was appointed by the fourth President James Madison (1759–1836, served 1809–1817) as the third and final Governor of the Indiana Territory (1813–1816), serving during the last three years of the Territory's existence before admission to the federal Union as the state of Indiana.

Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
The lieutenant governor of Kentucky was created under the state's second constitution, which was ratified in 1799. The inaugural officeholder was Alexander Scott Bullitt, who took office in 1800 following his election to serve under James Garrard in 1799. The lieutenant governor becomes governor of Kentucky under circumstances similar to those under which the vice president of the United States assumes the presidency. The current lieutenant governor is Democrat Jacqueline Coleman, who has been office since December 10, 2019.
Stephen Paternite
Stephen Paternite (born 1952) is an American multimedia artist known for his roadkill artwork & infrared photographs. He received his initial art training in the early 1970s at the Cooper School of Art, Cleveland, Ohio.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.
Laojie station
Laojie station (Chinese: 老街站; pinyin: Lǎojiē zhàn; Jyutping: Lou5 Gaai1 Zaam6; lit. 'Old Street station') is a station on the Shenzhen Metro. It provides cross-platform interchange between Line 1 and Line 3. The station is the busiest on the network with 61,600 passenger entries and exits a day. The Line 1 platforms opened on 28 December 2004 and the Line 3 platforms opened on 28 June 2011. It is located underneath the junction of Shennan Fudao (simplified Chinese: 深南辅道; traditional Chinese: 深南輔道), Jiefang Road (解放路) and Jianshe Road (建设路; 建設路) in the Luohu District of Shenzhen, China. The station is the closest to the Dongmen Business Area (东门商业区; 東門商業區), one of the oldest areas in Shenzhen established in the Ming dynasty.

Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro (深圳地铁) is the rapid transit system of the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on December 27, 2024 put the network at 609.5 kilometres (378.7 miles) of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 421 stations. Despite having only opened on December 28, 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world. By 2035, the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling 1,142 kilometres (710 miles) of trackage.
Frank E. Vandiver
Frank Everson Vandiver (December 9, 1925 – January 7, 2005) was an American Civil War historian, the 19th president of Texas A&M University and the former president of the University of North Texas, as well as acting president of Rice University. Vandiver wrote, co-wrote, or edited 24 books, and published over 100 scholarly articles or reviews. His 1977 book Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing, was a runner-up for the National Book Award.

President of Texas A&M University
The president of Texas A&M University is the chief officer of the academic administration of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. Forty-three people—forty-one men and two women—have held this office, including those who were in the position when it was named chairman of the faculty between 1883 and 1890, and those who held the position in an acting or interim capacity.

Tommy Williams is the interim president of Texas A&M University since he was appointed to the position by the Texas A&M University System Board of Regents on October 3, 2025, as the successor of acting president James R. Hallmark. The previous president, Mark A. Welsh III, resigned in September 2025. Williams is a former member of the Texas Legislature and is a member of the Texas A&M University class of 1978.
Martian language
Martian language (Chinese: 火星文; pinyin: huǒxīng wén; lit. 'Martian script'), sometimes also called brain-disabled characters (simplified Chinese: 脑残体; traditional Chinese: 腦殘體; pinyin: nǎocán tǐ), is the nickname of unconventional representation of Chinese characters online by various methods. For example, "一個人的時候" (yīgèréndeshíhòu, "When one is alone") can be changed into "ㄧㄍ人ㄉ時候" since the word ㄍ (gē) is consonant of 個 and the word ㄉ (dē) is consonant of the word 的 in bopomofo.

Emoji
An emoji (/ɪˈmoʊdʒi/ im-OH-jee; plural emoji or emojis; Japanese: 絵文字, pronounced [emoꜜʑi]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of modern emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation as well as to replace words as part of a logographic system.

The first emoji sets were created by Japanese portable electronic device companies in the late 1980s and the 1990s. The word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵; 'picture') + moji (文字; 'character') and originally meant 'pictograph'; the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental. Emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after Unicode began encoding emoji into the Unicode Standard. They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the emoji U+1F602 😂 FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY its word of the year.
Seikan Tunnel Tappi Shakō Line
The Seikan Tunnel Tappi Shakō Line (青函トンネル竜飛斜坑線, Seikan Tonneru Tappi Shakō-sen; "Seikan Tunnel Tappi Inclined Tunnel Line") is a Japanese funicular railway (often referred to as a "cable car" in Japan) in Sotogahama, Aomori Prefecture, operated by the Seikan Tunnel Museum.

The 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge line descends from the Seikan Tunnel Memorial Hall, near Cape Tappi, into the underground Tappi-Kaitei Station on the Seikan Tunnel, which is one of the longest railway tunnels in the world (which opened in March 1988), second to the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland that opened in June 2016.

The funicular was originally installed to transport workers and goods during construction of the Seikan Tunnel but is now an attraction at the Seikan Tunnel Museum.

Sotogahama
Sotogahama (外ヶ浜町, Sotogahama-machi) is a town located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan and a part of the Aomori metropolitan area. As of 1 January 2023, the town had an estimated population of 4,990 in 2239 households, and a population density of 22 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 230.30 square kilometres (88.92 sq mi).
Mohammed Abdellaoue
Mohammed "Moa" Abdellaoue (Arabic: محمد عبد اللاوي; born 23 October 1985) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He started his career with Skeid and Vålerenga before moving to Germany where he played for Hannover 96 and VfB Stuttgart. After returning to Vålerenga he ended his career due to knee problems. At international level, Abdellaoue represented the Norway national team.

2008 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2008 Norwegian Football Cup was the 103rd season of Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The competition started on 10 May 2008 with the first-round games and ended on 9 November 2008 with the final. The defending champions were Lillestrøm.

The format of the Cup has not changed for this season what means that, unlike other European cup competitions, all teams (including Tippeligaen ones) entered the Cup in the First Round. In the First and Second Round amateur teams (or at least lower-placed at the time of the draw) were seeded and played the matches at home ground. From the Third Round until the end the draw was random.

The winners, Vålerenga, qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League.
2007–08 Old Dominion Monarchs basketball team
The 2007–08 Old Dominion Monarchs basketball team represented Old Dominion University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball during the 2007–08 season. Playing in the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) and led by seventh-year head coach Blaine Taylor, the Monarchs finished the season with a 18–16 overall record (11–7 CAA). After finishing fourth in the CAA regular season standings, Old Dominion lost to the William & Mary Tribe in the CAA Tournament quarterfinal.

Despite an unsuccessful conference postseason, ODU secured a bid to the 2008 College Basketball Invitational. Playing as the No. 2 seed in the East region, the Monarchs beat No. 3 seed Rider in the opening round and lost to Virginia in the quarterfinals.

2007–08 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team
The 2007–08 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers sought to continue their 2006–07 season success in which they finished tied for first place in the conference with North Carolina (see 2006–07 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season).

The Cavaliers were picked to finish 5th place for the 2007–2008 season in the ACC Preseason Poll. Senior Sean Singletary was named to the five-member preseason All-ACC team.
Frithville
Frithville is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Frithville and Westville in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of Frithville and Westville was 549 in 2001, increasing at the 2011 census to 568. It is served by the B1183 road, and is approximately 4 miles (6 km) north of Boston, in the West Fen fenland area.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
WVIV-FM
WVIV-FM (93.5 MHz) is a commercial Spanish FM radio station licensed to Lemont, Illinois, serving the Chicago metropolitan area. It is owned by TelevisaUnivision. The station is a part of TelevisaUnivision's Uforia Audio Network brand. The station's studios are located at 625 North Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago, and the transmitter is atop the Oakbrook Terrace Tower in Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois.

WVIV is also the affiliate station for the Chicago Bears team.

Lemont, Illinois
Lemont is a village located in Cook, DuPage, and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a south-west suburb of Chicago.  The population was 17,629 as of the 2020 census. The village is situated on a hillside along the south banks of the Des Plaines River. It overlooks Waterfall Glen's Midwestern Bluff Savanna on the opposite side. Lemont is home to Argonne National Laboratory and other heavy industrial sites, and has a substantial European immigrant population.
The New Confessions
The New Confessions is the fourth novel by the Scottish writer William Boyd published in 1987. The theme and narrative structure of the novel is modelled on Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Les Confessions, the reading of which has a huge impact on the protagonist's life. The book is the first of Boyd's 'whole-life' novels which follow a protagonist through all, or at least most, of his or her life interspersing real and imagined events and people. Later such novels include Any Human Heart (2002), Sweet Caress (2015) and  The Romantic (2022).

The Romantic (Boyd novel)
The Romantic is the seventeenth novel by British author William Boyd, published in 2022, by Viking Penguin. The book is another of Boyd's 'whole-life' fictional biographies. It follows the story of Cashel Greville Ross, an Irishman born in 1799, whose life traverses significant events and locales of the 19th century. Boyd employs a first-person narrative to chronicle Cashel's diverse roles and adventures, creating a narrative that intertwines fact and fiction.

The book is dedicated to Boyd's wife, Susan.
Kent Lee (politician)
Kent Lee is an American politician serving as the president pro tempore of the San Diego City Council since 2024. A member of the Democratic Party, he has represented District 6 on the city council since 2022.

Lee represents the neighborhoods of Miramar, Mira Mesa, and parts of Rancho Peñasquitos.

San Diego City Council
32°43′01″N 117°09′47″W﻿ / ﻿32.71691°N 117.16297°W﻿ / 32.71691; -117.16297

The San Diego City Council is the legislative branch of government for the City of San Diego. The city council was first established in San Diego in 1850. The council is part of a strong mayor system with a separately elected mayor who acts as the executive of the city. There are currently nine members of the council. City council members serve a four-year term and are limited to two successive terms.
Brezje pri Lekmarju
Brezje pri Lekmarju (pronounced [ˈbɾeːzjɛ pɾi ˈleːkmarju]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the Kozje region (Slovene: Kozjansko) south of Šmarje and east of Sveti Štefan. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Sveti Štefan, Šmarje pri Jelšah
Sveti Štefan (pronounced [ˈsʋeːti ˈʃteːfan]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Šmarje in the Kozje region (Slovene: Kozjansko). The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Maloja, Switzerland
Maloja (Romansh: Malögia) is a village in the Swiss canton of Grisons. It is part of the municipality of Bregaglia.

It is located at the western end of Lake Sils, near the summit of the Maloja Pass.

Since 1884 it boasts the luxury hotel Maloja Palace.

Bregaglia
Bregaglia  (Italian and Romansh: Bregagliaⓘ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all located in the Val Bregaglia.

Bregaglia is the only Italian-speaking municipality in Switzerland in which the majority of the population is Protestant.