hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amuda Subdistrict
Amuda Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية عامودا)  is a subdistrict of Qamishli District in northeastern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. Administrative centre is the town Amuda.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 56,101.

Qamishli District
Qamishli  District (Arabic: منطقة القامشلي, romanized: manṭiqat al-Qāmišlī) is a district of al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Qamishli. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 425,580.
1981 Plymouth State Panthers football team
The 1981 Plymouth State Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Plymouth State University as a member of the New England Football Conference (NEFC) during the 1981 NCAA Division III football season. In their first year under head coach Jay Cottone,  the Panthers compiled a 9–1 record (9–0 against NEFC opponents), won the NEFC championship, outscored opponents by a total of 239 to 57, and recorded a defensive shut out in half of the team's games.

The team was led by quarterback Kevin Bradley who finished the season with 835 passing yards, ten touchdowns, and nine interceptions.

This season was the team's first-ever conference title.

The team played its home games at Panther Field in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

After former head coach Jim Aguiar resigned in April 1981, Plymouth State hired former Norwich offensive coordinator and backfield coach Jay Cottone as the team's next head football coach.

Jay Cottone
Joseph R. "Jay" Cottone (born c. 1949) is an American former football coach. He served as head football coach at Plymouth State University in Plymouth, New Hampshire from 1981 to 1985, compiling a record of 46–7 and leading the Panthers to five consecutive New England Football Conference (NEFC) titles.

Cottone played college football as a quarterback at Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont from 1968 to 1970 and served as an assistant football coach from 1976 to 1980. He resigned from his position at Plymouth State University in July 1986 to become an assistant at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) under head coach Jim Reid. In 1988, Cottone was hired as the head football coach at Hall High School in West Hartford, Connecticut. He resigned in 1995 after amassing a record of 33–41–3 in eight seasons.
Memorial for Yelü Yanning
41°38′N 120°12′E﻿ / ﻿41.63°N 120.20°E﻿ / 41.63; 120.20
The Memorial for Yelü Yanning (耶律延寧), also known as the Epitaph for Yelü Yanning, is the oldest known Khitan inscription of significant length and currently the oldest major written attestation of a Mongolic (or Para-Mongolic) language. Dated 986, it is inscribed with 19 lines (271 characters) of Khitan large script. It was found in the winter of 1964 on Baimu Mountain in northwest Baishugou Village, Xiwujiazi Township, Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province, China and is now kept in the Liaoning Provincial Museum.

The Khitan word ⟨jau⟩ ("hundred") which occurs in line 13 of the upper-right Khitan section of the inscription and which is written with the large script character 百 is one of the earliest fully deciphered Mongolic words preserved in a Mongolic inscription.

Emperor Jingzong of Liao
Emperor Jingzong of Liao (1 September 948 – 13 October 982), personal name Yelü Xian, courtesy name Xianning, was the fifth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China. He improved government efficiency and reduced corruption. He was known for going to war with the Northern Song dynasty. He died during a hunting trip and his wife later served as regent over his still 11-year-old son, the later Emperor Shengzong.
Lion head horn
The lion head horn is one of several kinds of drinking horns that have been used throughout Eurasia since prehistoric times. Horns with animal heads have been found among artifacts from the Near East and the Middle East, dating perhaps to classical antiquity or the time of Archaic Greece. The lion head horn, while not very common, does seem to have recurred across a span of several centuries.

Drinking horn
A drinking horn is the horn of a bovid used as a cup. Drinking horns are known from classical antiquity, especially the Balkans. They remained in use for ceremonial purposes throughout the Middle Ages and the early modern period in some parts of Europe, notably in Germanic Europe, as well as in the Caucasus. Drinking horns remain an important accessory in the culture of ritual toasting in Georgia in particular, where they are known by the local name of kantsi.

Cups made from glass, metal, pottery, and in the shape of drinking horns are also known since antiquity. The ancient Greek term for a drinking horn was simply keras (plural kerata) 'horn'.  To be distinguished from the drinking-horn proper is the rhyton (plural rhyta), a drinking-vessel made very loosely in the shape of a horn, sometimes with an outlet at the pointed end.
Upāsaka
Upāsaka (masculine) or Upāsikā (feminine) are from the Sanskrit and Pāli words for "attendant". This is the title of followers of Buddhism (or, historically, of The Buddha) who are not monks, nuns, or novice monastics in a Buddhist order, and who undertake certain vows. In modern times they have a connotation of dedicated piety that is best suggested by terms such as "lay devotee" or "devout lay follower".

Refuge in Buddhism
In Buddhism, refuge or taking refuge refers to a religious practice which often includes a prayer or recitation performed at the beginning of the day or of a practice session. Its object is typically the Three Jewels (also known as the Triple Gem, Three Treasures, or Three Refuges, Pali: ti-ratana or ratana-ttaya; Sanskrit: tri-ratna or ratna-traya), which are the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Taking refuge is a form of aspiration to lead a life with the Triple Gem at its core. In early Buddhist scriptures, taking refuge is an expression of determination to follow the Buddha's path, but not a relinquishing of responsibility. Refuge is common to all major schools of Buddhism.

Since the period of Early Buddhism, all Theravada and mainstream Mahayana schools only take refuge in the Triple Gem. However, the Vajrayana school includes an expanded refuge formula known as the Three Jewels and Three Roots.
Frankliniella
Frankliniella is a genus of thrips belonging to the family Thripidae.

The genus was first described by Karny in 1910.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Frankliniella species can be quite variable in appearance, making identification challenging.

There are about 230 species in the genus. Species include:

Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom, 1895)

Frankliniella lantanae Mound, Nakahara & Day, 2005

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895)

Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910)

Frankliniella tenuicornis

Frankliniella tristis

Frankliniella tritici

Frankliniella williamsi Hood, 1915

Western flower thrips
The western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] is an invasive pest insect in agriculture. This species of thrips is native to the Southwestern United States but has spread to other continents, including Europe, Australia (where it was identified in May 1993), and South America via transport of infested plant material.
Polish Air Force University
The Polish Air Force Academy (Polish: Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych (1994–2018); Lotnicza Akademia Wojskowa (since 2018)), The School of the Eaglets, is located in Dęblin, eastern Poland. Established in 1927 during the interwar period, the Polish Air Force University is an accredited university for the undergraduate education of officers for the Polish Air Force.

Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force (Polish: Siły Powietrzne, lit. 'Air Forces') is the aerial warfare branch of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej (lit. 'Aerial and Air Defense Forces'). In 2014 it consisted of roughly 26,000 military personnel and about 475 aircraft, distributed among ten bases throughout Poland.

The Polish Air Force can trace its origins to the second half of 1917 and was officially established in the months following the end of World War I in 1918. During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939, 70% of its aircraft were destroyed. Most pilots, after the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, escaped via Romania and Hungary to continue fighting throughout World War II in allied air forces, first in France, then in Britain, and later also the Soviet Union.
Henrietta Place
Henrietta Place, originally known as Henrietta Street, is a street in Marylebone in the City of Westminster in central London that runs from Marylebone Lane in the east to Cavendish Square in the west. It is joined on the north side by Welbeck Street and Wimpole Street, and on the south side by Vere Street, Chapel Place, and Old Cavendish Street.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
Rush Replay X 3
Rush Replay X 3 is a DVD box set of three separate filmed concert presentations by the Canadian band Rush, released on June 13, 2006. The three shows presented are Exit... Stage Left, Grace Under Pressure Tour, and A Show of Hands, which were originally released individually in 1982, 1985, and 1988 respectively on VHS and Laserdisc. For Replay X 3, each filmed concert has been remixed in 5.1 surround sound by Rush guitarist and co-producer Alex Lifeson. The box set also includes a previously unreleased CD audio version of the Grace Under Pressure Tour video, and a set of reprinted tour books for each concert .

2112 (song)
"2112" (pronounced "twenty-one twelve") is a song by the Canadian rock band Rush. It was released as a 20-minute song on their 1976 album 2112, and is the longest song by the band. The overture and the first section, "The Temples of Syrinx", were released as a single. The song was adapted into a comic booklet, which used the lyrics of the song as lines for the characters and the narrations from the cover as intros.
1986 Borders Regional Council election
The 1986 Borders Regional Council election for the Borders Regional Council took place on Thursday 8 May 1986, alongside elections to the various regional councils across Scotland.

Independents won 14 of the council's 23 seats.

1986 Scottish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Scotland on Thursday 8 May 1986, under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The previous elections had been held in 1982. The elections took place a year before the Conservative's third general election victory. Elections took place in England and Wales on the same day.
Shandur Pass
Shandur Pass (Urdu: شندور) is a pass located 
on the boundary of Upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Gilgit-Baltistan, a disputed territory within the larger region of Kashmir. Often referred to as 'The Roof of the World, it is located besides the Shandur Polo Ground which hosts the annual Shandur Polo Festival.

Shandur Pass, which is considered one of the most serene areas of Pakistan, is at an elevation of around 12,500 ft (3,800 m). It connects the two regions of Pakistan via a road. It is 212 km away from Gilgit.

Shandur Polo Festival
Shandur Polo Festival (Urdu: شندور چوگان میلہ) is a sports festival held annually from 7 to 9 July at the Shandur Polo Ground in Pakistan, located at the boundary of the Gupis-Yasin and Chitral Districts. The polo tournament is played between the teams of Gilgit Baltistan and Chitral, under freestyle rules.

Organized and financed jointly by the governments of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan, with the assistance from the Frontier Corps (North), the tournament is held at Shandur Polo Ground which is the world's highest polo ground at an altitude of 3,700 meters (the pass itself is at 3,800 meters). The festival also includes folk music, dancing and a camping village is set up. The polo tournament is featured in the first episode of Himalaya with Michael Palin.
Juan Manuel Alonso-Allende
Juan Manuel Alonso-Allende Allende (8 December 1918 – 10 March 1984) was a Spanish Olympic sailor who competed in three Olympic Games between 1948 and 1968. Alonso-Allende also was a world-class competitor in the Snipe, Star, Firefly and Flying Dutchman dinghy classes.

He won the Snipe class world championship in 1957. He also won the first edition of the Spanish championship of the class in 1942 as a crew with his brother, José Maria, and as a skipper in 1956 and 1957.

In the Star class, he was Spanish national champion in 1943, 1945, 1947, 1966, 1967 and 1968.

Open Snipe World Championship
The Open Snipe World Championship is an annual international sailing regatta for Snipe (dinghy), organized by the host club on behalf of the Internal Snipe Class Association and recognized by World Sailing, the sports IOC recognized governing body. The trophy awarded for the World Championship is Commodore Hub E. Isaacks and O'Leary Trophies. The class got recognised status by World Sailing in 1958.
Allensbach
Allensbach (German pronunciation: [ˈalənsbax] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Allensbach is located between Konstanz and Radolfzell on Lake Constance.

Radolfzell
Radolfzell am Bodensee (German pronunciation: [ˌʁaːdɔlfˈtsɛl ʔam ˈboːdn̩zeː], lit. 'Radolfzell on the Lake Constance') is a town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located at the western end  (Zeller Lake) of Lake Constance, approximately 18 km (11 mi) northwest of the city of Konstanz (Constance). It is the third largest town, after Konstanz and Singen, in the district of Konstanz.

It is situated in the Hegau region. The mouth of the river Radolfzeller Aach is located west of Radolfzell.

It is a well-known health care town (Mettnau-Kur). In 1990, Radolfzell was named the Federal Environment Capital City of Germany.
Handover of Tacna
The handover of Tacna from Chile to Peru took place on August 28, 1929. The event ended 49 years of Chilean rule over its then newest province, which began in 1880 after the Bolivian–Peruvian defeat at the Battle of Tacna against the Chilean Army during the War of the Pacific.

Battle of Tacna
The Battle of Tacna, also known as the Battle of the Alto de la Alianza, was a battle that took place on May 26, 1880, at the plateau of the Alto de la Alianza, a hill a few miles north of the Peruvian city of Tacna. It effectively destroyed the Peru-Bolivian alliance against Chile, forged by a secret treaty signed in 1873. During the battle, the Chilean Northern Operations Army led by General Manuel Baquedano González conclusively defeated the combined armies of Peru and Bolivia commanded by Bolivian President, General Narciso Campero.

As a result of the battle, Bolivia was knocked out of the war, leaving Peru to fight the rest of the war alone. The victory also consolidated the Chilean domain over the Peruvian department of Tarapacá. Following the signing of the Treaty of Ancón on October 20, 1883, the war concluded and the territory was definitively annexed to Chile. Tacna itself remained under Chilean control until signing of the Treaty of Lima in 1929.
Selkenfelde
Selkenfelde is an abandoned village in Saxony-Anhalt in the central German district of Harz. It is located not far from the B 242 federal road (Harz High Road) between Stiege (Harz) and Güntersberge. According to legend the origins of the village go back to Charlemagne. It was first mentioned as Silicanuelth in AD 961 in two documents by King Otto I and co-regent Otto II dated 15 and 25 July. Selkenfelde had been already abandoned by the Thirty Years' War.

The abandoned village of Selkenfelde is incorporated in the network of hiking checkpoints that form the Harzer Wandernadel.

Stiege
Stiege (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtiːɡə] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Oberharz am Brocken. Its population is 862 (2021).
Cranborne
Cranborne is a village in Dorset, England. At the 2011 census, the parish had a population of 779, remaining unchanged from 2001.

Until 2019 the appropriate electoral ward was called 'Crane'. This ward included Wimborne St. Giles in the west and south to Woodlands. The total population of this ward at the 2011 census was 2,189. After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, Cranborne is part of the Cranborne and Alderholt ward which elects 1 member to Dorset Council.

Once a very small, intensely agricultural market town, the village is on chalk downland called Cranborne Chase, part of a large expanse of chalk in southern England which includes the nearby Salisbury Plain and Dorset Downs.

Woodlands, Dorset
Woodlands is a village and civil parish in Dorset, South-West England. It is five miles (8 km) north of Wimborne Minster.

The village is home to the Church of the Ascension which is a Grade II listed building. In 2001, the parish had a population of 544 but in 2011 the number had fallen to 522.
FIBT World Championships 2011
The FIBT World Championships 2011 took place 14 February – 27 February 2011 in Königssee, Germany, for the fifth time, doing so previously in 1979, 1986, and 1990 (skeleton), and 2004. In 2007, the championships were awarded to Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy over Winterberg Germany, but Cortina withdrew in February 2009 to a series of issues.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Anglican Diocese of Peterborough
The Diocese of Peterborough forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. Its seat is the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, which was founded as a monastery in AD 655 and re-built in its present form between 1118 and 1238.

Salcey Forest
Salcey Forest is a fragment of a former medieval hunting forest east of the village of Hartwell, between Northampton and Newport Pagnell in Northamptonshire. It is managed by Forestry England and to promote biodiversity, and is also commercially exploited for timber products. The eastern third of the forest, an area of 159.6 hectares, is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
125th Street (Manhattan)
125th Street, co-named Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard is a two-way street that runs east–west in the New York City borough of Manhattan, from First Avenue on the east to Marginal Street, a service road for the Henry Hudson Parkway along the Hudson River in the west. It is often considered to be the "Main Street" of Harlem.

Notable buildings along 125th Street include the Apollo Theater, the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building, the Hotel Theresa, the Studio Museum in Harlem, the Mount Morris Bank Building, Harlem Commonwealth Council, the Harlem Children's Zone, the Church of St. Joseph of the Holy Family, and the former West End Theatre, now home to the La Gree Baptist Church.

Fifth and Madison Avenues buses
The M1, M2, M3, and M4 are four local bus routes that operate along the one-way pair of Madison and Fifth Avenues in the borough of Manhattan in New York City between Greenwich Village and Harlem.

The routes are the successors to the New York and Harlem Railroad's Fourth and Madison Avenues Line, which began operations in 1832 as the first street railway in the world, and several lines of the Fifth Avenue Coach Company, a bus operator that started running on Fifth Avenue in 1886.
Nocra prison camp
The Nocra prison camp was an Italian prison camp established on the island of Nocra, off the coast of Massawa, in Italian colony of Eritrea, that was used to intern political prisoners.

Years after the official end of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, the Italian authorities sent Ethiopian and Eritrean intellectuals and political prisoners with their families there. It was dismantled in 1941 after British forces occupied the island after the Battle of Keren.

Italian Eritrea
Italian Eritrea (Italian: Colonia Eritrea, "Colony of Eritrea") was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in the territory of present-day Eritrea. The first Italian establishment in the area was the purchase of Assab by the Rubattino Shipping Company in 1869, which came under government control in 1882. Occupation of Massawa in 1885 and the subsequent expansion of territory would gradually engulf the region and in 1889 the Ethiopian Empire recognized the Italian possession in the Treaty of Wuchale. In 1890 the Colony of Eritrea was officially founded.

In 1936 the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Eritrea Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the region in 1941, during the East African campaign of World War II. Italian Eritrea then came under British military administration, which in 1951 fell under United Nations supervision. In September 1952 it became an autonomous part of Ethiopia, until its independence in 1991.
2004 Washington Secretary of State election
The 2004 Washington Secretary of State election was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004, to elect the Washington Secretary of State, concurrently with the 2004 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of Washington. Primary elections took place on September 14.

Incumbent Republican Secretary of State Sam Reed was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic challenger Laura Ruderman.

2004 Washington gubernatorial election
The 2004 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 2004. The race gained national attention for its legal twists and extremely close finish, among the closest political races in United States election history. Republican Dino Rossi was declared the winner of the initial count and again of the automated recount, but after a second recount done by hand, Democrat Christine Gregoire took the lead by a margin of 129 votes.

Although Gregoire was sworn in as governor of Washington on January 12, 2005, Rossi did not formally concede and called for a re-vote over concerns about the integrity of the election. The Republican Party filed a lawsuit in Chelan County Superior Court contesting the election, but the trial judge ruled against it, citing lack of evidence of deliberate electoral sabotage. Rossi chose not to appeal to the Washington State Supreme Court, formally conceding the election on June 6, 2005. Gregoire was re-elected in 2008 in a rematch with Rossi.