hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of Karnataka
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Karnataka:

Karnataka is the 6th biggest, 8th most populous, 13th highest and 16th most literate state of the 28 states of the democratic Republic of India. Karnataka is ranked 3rd in the country in tax revenue and 7th in the country in GDP. Karnataka is at 8th position in life expectancy and 11th in female-to-male sex ratio among the states in India. Karnataka is at 7th most media exposed states in India.

Lakshmeshwara
Lakshmeshwara (historically known as Puligere) is a town, and newly created Taluk place along with Gajendragad in Gadag district, in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is about 40 km from Gadag and 55 km from Hubli. It is an agricultural trading town. Historically was an important center of Jainism and served as the capital role under the Badami Chalukyas and subsequent dynasties.

It was known as Purigere, Puligere, Hurigere, Huligere and Purika-nagara in the past.

Lakshmeshwara Temple dedicated to Shiva. There are many important temples in this historic town, including the other Shiva temple, the Someshwara Temple. There are two ancient Jain temples (Sannabasadi and Shankabasadi) in the town, as well as a notable Jamma Masjid. Lakshmeshwara is also home for many smaller shrines, a dargah, the Kodiyellamma temple, the Mukha Basavanna shrine, and a gigantic idol of Suryanarayana.
3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment
The 3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) was a volunteer unit of the British Army under various titles from 1860 to 1961. Originally raised from railwaymen, the battalion sent a detachment to the Second Boer War and several battalions fought in World War I. Shortly before World War II, it became a searchlight unit and defended the UK during the Blitz, remaining in the air defence role in the postwar Territorial Army.

Billet
In European militaries, a billet is a living-quarters to which a soldier is assigned to sleep. In American usage, it refers to a specific personnel position, assignment, or duty station to which a soldier can be assigned. Historically, a billet was a private dwelling that was required to accept a soldier.

Soldiers are generally billeted in barracks or garrisons when not on combat duty, although in some armies soldiers with families are permitted to maintain a home off-post. Used for a building, the term billet is more commonly used in British English; United States standard terms are quarters, barracks, Single (Soldier) Housing or Family Housing.
Bibliography of South Dakota history
The following works deal with the cultural, political, economic, military, biographical and geologic history of pre-territorial South Dakota, the southern part of Dakota Territory and the State of South Dakota.

South Dakota Magazine
South Dakota Magazine is a bi-monthly magazine publication that explores the culture, events, history, characters, landscape and communities of South Dakota. Bernie Hunhoff founded the magazine in 1985 after several years in the newspaper business,. His daughter, Katie Hunhoff, is now the editor and publisher. The magazine has also produced several books featuring South Dakota stories, photography, and interesting places.

The magazine headquarters are located at  410 E 3rd St in Yankton, South Dakota, in a historic brick building built in the 1870s by Dakota Territorial Governor John L. Pennington.

Bernie Hunhoff and South Dakota Magazine have been recognized with numerous awards for their efforts in promoting South Dakota, including the 2011 A.H. Pankow Award and the South Dakota Humanities Council's award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities.
Gorse Hall
Gorse Hall was the name given to two large houses in Stalybridge, Greater Manchester, England, on a hill bordering Dukinfield (now in Tameside, but until March 1974 in Cheshire), with 35 acres of woodland, and views of the Cheshire Plain and the Pennine Hills. Gorse Hall is a location in Anthony Trollope's Marion Fay (1882).

Stalybridge
Stalybridge (/ˌsteɪliˈbrɪdʒ/) is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 26,830.

Historically divided between Cheshire and Lancashire, it is 8 miles (12.9 km) east of Manchester and 6 miles (9.7 km) north-west of Glossop.

When a water-powered cotton mill was constructed in 1776, Stalybridge became one of the first centres of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The wealth created in the 19th century from the factory-based cotton industry transformed an area of scattered farms and homesteads into a self-confident town.
2014–15 UAB Blazers women's basketball team
The 2014–15 UAB Blazers women's basketball team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Blazers, led by second year head coach Randy Norton, played their home games at the Bartow Arena and were members of Conference USA. They finished the season 18–13, 11–7 in C-USA play to finish in a three way tie for fourth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the C-USA women's tournament, where they lost to Southern Miss. Despite with 18 wins. They were not invited to a postseason tournament.

2015 Conference USA women's basketball tournament
The 2015 Conference USA women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for Conference USA was held March 11–14 in Birmingham, Alabama. The first two rounds took place at Bartow Arena while the semifinals and championship took place at Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex.
Eta Linnemann
Eta Linnemann (October 19, 1926 in Osnabrück – 9 May 2009 in Leer (Ostfriesland)) was a German Protestant theologian. In her last years, she broke completely with the theology of her teacher Rudolf Bultmann.

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.
Macon Phillips
Macon Phillips (born June 29, 1978) is an American political strategist who served as the Coordinator of the United States Department of State Bureau of International Information Programs from 2013 to 2017. He reported to Rick Stengel, the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. Phillips is the former White House Director of New Media, in which capacity he had oversight responsibility for WhiteHouse.gov.

Phillips' work on WhiteHouse.gov closely coordinated with internet operations at the Democratic National Committee, which has responsibility for administration of the BarackObama.com domain and website.  At precisely 12:00 p.m. ET during the inauguration of Barack Obama, Phillips oversaw the conversion of Whitehouse.gov, the official website of the President of the United States. At 12:01 p.m., he posted the site's first blog entry, titled: Change has come to WhiteHouse.gov.

Coordinator for International Information Programs
The Coordinator for International Information Programs was the head of the Bureau of International Information Programs within the United States Department of State.  The Coordinator for International Information Programs reported to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. As the head of the bureau, the Coordinator for International Information Programs had a rank equivalent to Assistant Secretary. On May 28, 2019, the Bureau of International Information Programs merged with the Bureau of Public Affairs into the Bureau of Global Public Affairs, and the duties of the position merged into the duties of the Assistant Secretary of State for Global Public Affairs.
Relay, Maryland
39°13′26″N 76°42′39″W﻿ / ﻿39.223940°N 76.710749°W﻿ / 39.223940; -76.710749
Relay, Maryland, or Relay House, Maryland, was an important junction and rail stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, located 9 miles (14 km) west of Baltimore, Maryland. It was the busiest station on the rail line except for Baltimore itself. A town grew around it: with a general store, a school, and a volunteer fire company. Currently, Relay is a historic district of Halethorpe, Maryland, with attractions like the Thomas Viaduct and the Patapsco Valley State Park.

Halethorpe, Maryland
Halethorpe is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The community is considered to be a sub-section of Arbutus by the United States Census Bureau. It is bordered by the main portion of Arbutus to the north, Baltimore to the North East, Elkridge to the South West, and Linthicum to the East. It is southeast of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Reporter gene
Reporter genes are molecular tools widely used in molecular biology, genetics, and biotechnology to study gene function, expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms. These genes encode proteins that produce easily detectable signals, such as fluorescence, luminescence, or enzymatic activity, allowing researchers to monitor cellular processes in real-time. Reporter genes are often fused to regulatory sequences of genes of interest, enabling scientists to analyze promoter activity, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction pathways. Common reporter gene systems include green fluorescent protein (GFP), β-galactosidase (lacZ), luciferase, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), each offering distinct advantages depending on the experimental application. Their versatility makes reporter genes invaluable in fields such as drug discovery, gene therapy, and synthetic biology.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
Indo-Semitic languages
The Indo-Semitic hypothesis maintains that a genetic relationship exists between Indo-European and Semitic languages, and that the Indo-European and the Semitic language families both descend from a common root ancestral language. The theory is not widely accepted by contemporary linguists, but historically, it had a number of advocates and supporting arguments, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.
Monkton Farleigh
Monkton Farleigh is a village and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England, on high ground 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Bradford-on-Avon, and a similar distance east of the city of Bath. The parish includes the hamlets of Farleigh Wick and Pinckney Green. In the west and northwest the parish is bounded by Somerset.

It is known for its underground mines of Bath Stone, which were converted into one of the largest Ministry of Defence underground ammunition stores in the country.

Bradford-on-Avon
Bradford-on-Avon (sometimes Bradford on Avon) is a town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England, near the border with Somerset. The town's canal, historic buildings, shops, pubs and restaurants make it popular with tourists. The parish had a population of 10,405 at the 2021 census.

The history of the town can be traced back to Roman origins. It has several buildings dating from the 17th century, when the town grew due to the thriving English woollen textile industry.
McManus Glacier
McManus Glacier (69°28′S 71°27′W﻿ / ﻿69.467°S 71.450°W﻿ / -69.467; -71.450) is a glacier flowing north into Palestrina Glacier, in northwestern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It separates Lassus Mountains on the west from Sofia University Mountains on the east. The glacier was surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1975–76, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after Alan James McManus, a BAS cook at Grytviken and Faraday Research Station, 1971–73, and at Adelaide Island and Rothera Research Station, 1975–78.

Palestrina Glacier
Palestrina Glacier (69°21′S 71°35′W﻿ / ﻿69.350°S 71.583°W﻿ / -69.350; -71.583) is a glacier lying in the northern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 11 nautical miles (20 km) long and 8 nautical miles (15 km) wide, flowing west from Nichols Snowfield into Lazarev Bay. The glacier was mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Derek J.H. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Giovanni da Palestrina (1525–1594), Italian composer.
Languages of Senegal
Senegal is a multilingual country: Ethnologue lists 36 languages. French is the official language of Senegal, though it is uncommon as a first language. The Senegalese constitution explicitly lists six African languages as "national languages", and 25 are officially recognized by the government.: 243 : 10  Wolof is by far the most widely used language (53.5% of Senegalese people use it as their primary language), followed by Pulaar and French, each used by around 26% of the population.: I.IX : 32

Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the principal language of the Serer people, and was the language of the early modern kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and Baol. Serer is primarily written in the Latin alphabet.
Turkish Cultural Foundation
The Turkish Cultural Foundation promotes and preserves Turkish culture and heritage worldwide, and places special emphasis on education for disadvantaged students in Turkey and abroad. Created in 2000, the Foundation seeks to help build cultural bridges between Turkey and other countries in order to support a better understanding and appreciation of Turkish cultural heritage.  To do this, the Foundation coordinates a series of people-to-people cultural exchanges, educational programs, and websites promoting Turkish music, art, and cuisine.  As a US tax-exempt public charitable organization, the Foundation is supported entirely by private donations and has offices in Boston, Istanbul, Sonoma and Washington, DC.

Culture of Turkey
The culture of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye kültürü) or the Turkish culture (Türk kültürü) includes both the national culture and local cultures. Currently, Turkey has various local cultures. Things such as music, folk dance, or Kebab variety may be used to identify a local area. Turkey also has a national culture, such as national sports leagues, music bands, film stars, and trends in fashion. After the establishment of the republic, Kemalism emphasized Turkish culture, attempted to make "Islam a matter of personal conviction", and pursued modernization.
Achalinus formosanus
Achalinus formosanus, common name Formosan odd-scaled snake or Taiwan burrowing snake, is a non-venomous snake in family Xenodermidae that is found in Taiwan and in the southern Ryukyu Islands (Japan).

Xenodermidae
Xenodermidae is a family of snakes native to East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. All species in the family Xenodermidae are small or moderately sized snakes, never more than 80 cm (31 in) but typically less than 55 cm (22 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive, probably nocturnal, and typically inhabit moist forest habitats. They seem to be opportunistic carnivores, preying on other vertebrates.

The correct spelling of the family name is Xenodermidae, not "Xenodermatidae".
Mari Paz Vilas
María de la Paz Vilas Dono (born 1 February 1988) is a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Levante UD, Barcelona, Espanyol, Valencia, Real Betis, and Levante Las Planas in the Primera División. She has also represented Spain and Galicia. She has a Bachelor of Physiotherapy.

Copa de la Reina de Fútbol
The Copa de la Reina (Queen's Cup) is an annual cup competition for Spanish women's association football teams organized by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. Its full name is Campeonato de España - Copa de Su Majestad la Reina (Championship of Spain - Her Majesty the Queen's Cup).
St Mary's Church, Ottery St Mary
St Mary's Church is a Grade I listed building, a parish church in the Church of England in Ottery St Mary, Devon.

The church is part of "Churches Together in Ottery St Mary" which includes the churches of four other denominations in the town.

Advowson
Advowson (/ədˈvaʊzən/) or patronage is the right in English law of a patron (avowee) to present to the diocesan bishop (or in some cases the ordinary if not the same person) a nominee for appointment to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice or church living, a process known as presentation (jus praesentandi, Latin: "the right of presenting").

The word derives, via French, from the Latin advocare, from vocare "to call" plus ad, "to, towards", thus a "summoning". It is the right to nominate a person to be parish priest (subject to episcopal – that is, one bishop's – approval), and each such right in each parish was mainly first held by the lord of the principal manor. Many small parishes only had one manor of the same name.
Lee Seung-gi (footballer)
Lee Seung-gi (Korean: 이승기; born 2 June 1988) is a South Korean football player who currently plays for Busan IPark as a midfielder, having previously played for Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors and Gwangju FC. He also represented South Korea in senior men's football.

Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).
Psychometry (paranormal)
In parapsychology, psychometry (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, "spirit, soul" and μέτρον, metron, "measure"), also known as token-object reading, or psychoscopy, is a form of extrasensory perception characterized by the purported ability to glean accurate knowledge of an object's history by making physical contact with that object. Supporters assert that an object may have an energy field that transfers knowledge regarding that object's history.

There is no evidence that psychometry exists, and the concept has been widely criticized.

Energy (esotericism)
Proponents and practitioners of various esoteric forms of spirituality and alternative medicine refer to a variety of claimed experiences and phenomena as being due to an energy or force that defies measurement or experimentation, and thus are distinct from uses of the term energy in science.

Claims related to energy therapies are most often anecdotal, rather than being based on repeatable empirical evidence, thus not following the scientific method.

There is no scientific evidence for the existence of such energy, and physics educators criticize the use of the term energy to describe ideas in esotericism and spirituality as unavoidably confusing.
Tunisian Constitution of 1959
The Tunisian Constitution of 1959 was promulgated on 1 June 1959. The application of the text was suspended following the Tunisian Revolution, a Constituent Assembly being elected on 23 October 2011 to draft a new text. In the meantime, a decree-law of 23 March 2011 then a constitutive law of 16 December of the same year provisionally organized the public authorities. The new Constitution was adopted on 26 January 2014.

The supreme legal norm of the country, composed of 78 articles, it constitutes the second Constitution in the modern history of the country. The first was adopted in 1861, making Tunisia the first Arab state to adopt such a text, after the proclamation of the Fundamental Pact of 1857. Legal foundation of the republican regime, it is marked by the affirmation of a strong executive. The Constitutional Council verifies a posteriori the conformity of laws with the Constitution when it is referred to it.

Tunisian Fundamental Pact of 1857
The Tunisian Fundamental Pact of 1857 (Arabic: عهد الأمان, romanized: 'Ahd al-Amān, lit. 'Security Covenant'), envisaged as early as 1856, is a declaration of the rights of the subjects of the Bey of Tunis and of all the inhabitants living in the Beylicat of Tunis promulgated by Muhammad II ibn al-Husayn on 10 September 1857. This pact brought revolutionary reforms: it proclaimed that all the inhabitants of the regency were equal before the law and before taxes, established freedom of worship and trade and above all gave foreigners the right to access property and exercise all professions. This pact de facto abolished the status of dhimmi for non-Muslims. The pact was translated into Hebrew language in 1862 and was then the first non-religious document to be translated into this language in Tunisia. Among the people who contributed to this project, we can name Mardochée Tapia, Moïse Samama and Elie El Malikh.
Janian Chahal
Janian Chahal is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Shahkot, 43.7 kilometres (27.2 mi) from Nakodar, 58 kilometres (36 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 198 kilometres (123 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Mtshabezi Mission
Mtshabezi Mission  is a village in Gwanda District of Matabeleland South province in southern Zimbabwe.

At Mtshabezi Mission there is a hospital  and a high school that frequently obtains the best school leaving exam results in Zimbabwe. A university is planned for the site.

Gwanda District
Gwanda District is located in Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe. Its administrative seat is Gwanda, the biggest city of the province.

The city of Gwanda has a municipal council, with 10 wards, while the remainder of the district falls under the Gwanda Rural District Council, which has 24 wards.