hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Omphalotomy
Omphalotomy is the medical procedure that involves the cutting of the umbilical cord after childbirth. The word omphalotomy is derived from the prefix omphal(o)-, from the Ancient Greek word ὀμφαλός (omphalós), meaning navel, and the suffix -tomy, also from Ancient Greek, meaning incision. The incision is normally made between two clamps on the umbilical cord, used to stop blood flow, leaving an umbilical stump attached to the baby. After roughly 15 days, the remaining umbilical stump dries out and falls off, leaving a scar: the navel, or belly-button

Umbilical cord
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta.  Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low-oxygen, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.
Hye-ja
Hye-ja is a Korean given name.

Typically, "ja" is written with a hanja meaning "child" (子). Names ending with this hanja, such as Young-ja and Jeong-ja, were popular when Korea was under Japanese rule, but declined in popularity afterwards.

Young-ja
Young-ja, also spelled Yeong-ja, is a Korean given name. According to South Korean government data, it was the most popular name for baby girls born in 1940.

The syllable "ja" is generally written using a hanja meaning "child" (子). In Japan, where this character is read ko, it was originally used as suffix for the names of girls in the aristocracy. The practice of adding -ko to girls' names spread to the lower classes following the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Names containing this character, such as Soon-ja and Jeong-ja, became popular when Korea was under Japanese rule from 1910 to 1945, but declined in popularity afterwards. By 1950 there were no names ending in "ja" in the top ten.
Mirza Hajdinović
Mirza Hajdinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирза Хајдиновић; Albanian: Mirza Hajdini; born 2 July 1977) is a Serbian politician and administrator from the country's Bosniak community. He is the current secretary of Serbia's Bosniak National Council (BNV), a position he previously held from 2017 to 2022.

Hajdinović briefly served in Serbia's national assembly in September 2024. He is a member of the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak (SDA).

Bosniak National Council (Serbia)
The Bosniak National Council (Bosnian: Bošnjačko nacionalno vijeće; Serbian: Бошњачко национално вијеће) is a representative body of the Bosniak ethnic minority in Serbia, established for the protection of the rights and the minority self-government of Bosniaks in Serbia.

The Bosniak National Council has 35 seats, and its representatives are elected concurrently with the elections for the national councils of recognized national minorities in Serbia. The last election was held in 2022. On this occasion, electoral slates affiliated with the Justice and Reconciliation Party and the Social Democratic Party of Serbia (the latter in conjunction with its regional affiliate the Sandžak Democratic Party) each won twelve seats, while a slate affiliated with the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak won ten.
Miguel Nido
Miguel Nido (born March 8, 1963) is a former tennis player from Puerto Rico, who represented his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Partnering Juan Rios, the pair was defeated in the first round by Italy's Diego Nargiso and Omar Camporese. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on April 23, 1990, when he became the number 120 of the world.

Diego Nargiso
Diego Nargiso (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdjɛːɡo narˈdʒiːzo]; born 15 March 1970) is a former tennis player from Italy.

Having turned professional in 1987, Nargiso represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, where he was defeated in the second round by America's eventual runner-up Tim Mayotte. He also competed in the men's doubles at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics.

Nargiso was the first Italian tennis player to win the Junior Wimbledon championship, which he did in 1987.

The left-handed Nargiso reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 10 October 1988, when he became the number 67 in the world.
1994 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1994 Arkansas gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1994, as a part of the United States gubernatorial elections, 1994.

Incumbent Governor Jim Guy Tucker, who following the resignation of Bill Clinton in 1992 following his election to the presidency, won a full term in a landslide victory despite a national Republican landslide. This would be the last time a Democrat was elected Governor until 2006.

Tucker would resign in the middle of his term following the Whitewater controversy, and would be succeeded by Republican Mike Huckabee.

2006 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 2006 Arkansas gubernatorial election took place on Tuesday, November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican governor Mike Huckabee was barred from seeking candidacy due to term limits set by the State Constitution in 1998, stating that the governor may only serve two terms in their lifetime. Democratic State Attorney General Mike Beebe, defeated Republican former U.S. representative Asa Hutchinson by a wide margin. This was the first open seat election since 1978. Hutchinson later served as Arkansas’ Governor from 2015 to 2023.
Mararanjani
Mararanjani (pronounced māraranjani) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 25th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Sharāvati in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Melakarta
Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Mēḷakartā ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter usage is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta (take the raga Bhairavi, for example).

In Hindustani music the thaat is the rough equivalent of Melakartā. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
Nampa Historic District
The Nampa Historic District is a 3-acre (1.2 ha) historic district in Nampa, Idaho that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  The listing included 10 contributing buildings.

Its National Register nomination described:

The district is historically significant for its association with Nampa's commercial development during the period 1905 through 1920, a major period of growth during which Nampa's main street, First Street South, gained a full complement of two-story brick business blocks.: 3

It includes part or all of the 1200 and 1300 blocks of S. 1st St. in Nampa, and it includes work by architects Tourtellotte & Hummel.  Tourtellotte & Hummel designed the one-story Nampa Department Store (1919) in the 1300 block, also the two-story Nampa Department Store at 1307 First Street South (1910).

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
Nabowla, Tasmania
Nabowla is a rural locality in the local government area of Dorset in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the town of Scottsdale. The 2016 census determined a population of 112 for the state suburb of Nabowla.

Scottsdale, Tasmania
Scottsdale is the largest town in north-east Tasmania, Australia, serving as the administrative and economic centre of the Dorset Council region. Located on the Tasman Highway, it connects Launceston to the east coast and acts as a key service hub for surrounding agricultural areas. The town has a strong historical association with potato and dairy farming, forestry, and poppy cultivation, industries that continue to support its economy. In recent years, Scottsdale has expanded into tourism, with attractions such as Barnbougle Dunes Golf Links and the Bridestowe Lavender Estate farm drawing visitors. It is also home to the Defence Science and Technology Group's nutrition research facility.

Scottsdale is part of the federal Division of Bass and the state electoral division of the same name. According to the 2021 Australian census, Scottsdale had a population of 2,408 residents.
Spanish profanity
The Spanish language employs a wide range of swear words that vary between Spanish-speaking nations and in regions and subcultures of each nation. Idiomatic expressions, particularly profanity, are not always directly translatable into other languages, and so most of the English translations offered in this article are very rough and most likely do not reflect the full meaning of the expression they intend to translate.[c]

Cuckold
A cuckold is the husband of an adulterous wife; the wife of an adulterous husband is a cuckquean. In biology, a cuckold is a male who unwittingly invests parental effort in juveniles who are not genetically his offspring. A husband who is aware of and tolerates his wife's infidelity is sometimes called a wittol or wittold. The slang term bull refers to the dominant man who has relations with the cuckold's partner.
Shangri-La Toronto
Shangri-La Toronto is a luxury hotel and residential condominium building at 188 University Avenue in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by James K. M. Cheng and built by Ian Gillespie's Westbank Projects Corp.; they also designed and built the Living Shangri-La building in Vancouver. Shangri-La Toronto is 214 meters tall and is one of the tallest buildings in Toronto. The hotel component is run by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts, and it has 202 guest rooms and suites. The condominium portion occupies the upper floors of the building and consists of 393 units. The building was completed in 2012.

Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts
Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts (Chinese: 香格里拉酒店) is a multinational hospitality company, founded in 1971 by tycoon Robert Kuok and bearing the name of Shangri-La, a Far Eastern mythical land of contentment depicted in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon. It is a subsidiary of Kerry Properties, the company has over 100 luxury hotels and resorts with over 40,000 rooms in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North America and Oceania.

Shangri-La has 4 brands across different market segments: Shangri-La, Traders Hotels, Kerry Hotels, and Hotel Jen. The company's head office is in Kerry Centre (嘉里中心), Quarry Bay, Hong Kong. The current chairman is Kuok Hui-kwong.
2004–05 QMJHL season
The 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's "Best Defensive Forward," and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's "Best Defensive Defenceman." Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule.

Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out the season, and finishing first overall in the regular season winning their second Jean Rougeau Trophy. Rimouski extended its unbeaten streak to 35 games in the playoffs, and lost only once, en route to winning their second President's Cup, defeating the Halifax Mooseheads in the finals.

Jean Rougeau Trophy
The Jean Rougeau Trophy (French: Trophée Jean Rougeau) is awarded annually to the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League team that records the most points in the regular season. The trophy was named for former league president Jean Rougeau.
SraB RNA
The SraB RNA is a small non-coding RNA discovered in E. coli during a large scale experimental screen. The 14 novel RNAs discovered were named 'sra' for small RNA, examples include SraC, SraD and SraG. This ncRNA was found to be expressed only in stationary phase. The exact function of this RNA is unknown but it has been shown to affect survival of Salmonella enterica to antibiotic administration in egg albumin. The authors suggest this may be due to SraB regulating a response to components in albumin.

SraC/RyeA RNA
The SraC/RyeA RNA is a non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during two large scale screens for RNAs. The function of this RNA is currently unknown.  This RNA overlaps the SdsR/RyeB RNA on the opposite strand suggesting that the two RNAs may act in a concerted manner.
NgAgo
NgAgo is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-guided Argonaute endonuclease, an acronym for Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute. NgAgo binds 5′ phosphorylated ssDNA of ~24 nucleotides (gDNA) to guide it to its target site and will make DNA double-strand breaks at the gDNA site. Like the CRISPR/Cas system, NgAgo was reported by Chunyu Han et al. to be suitable for genome editing, but this has not been replicated. In contrast to Cas9, the NgAgo–gDNA system does not require a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM).

Protospacer adjacent motif
A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system. The PAM is a component of the invading virus or plasmid, but is not found in the bacterial host genome and hence is not a component of the bacterial CRISPR locus. Cas9 will not successfully bind to or cleave the target DNA sequence if it is not followed by the PAM sequence. PAM is an essential targeting component which distinguishes bacterial self from non-self DNA, thereby preventing the CRISPR locus from being targeted and destroyed by the CRISPR-associated nuclease.
Catillus
There are two Catilli in Roman legend:

Catillus the Arcadian, son of Amphiaraus.

Catillus, his son.

Catillus the Arcadian and his sons Catillus, Coras, and Tiburtus  escaped the mass killing at Thebes and arrived at the Aniene Plateau. They drove away the Sicilians who lived there and founded a city named Tibur (now Tivoli) in honor of Tiburtus.

In Book VII of Virgil's Aeneid, the twin brothers, Catillus and Coras, leave Tibur and head for Latium to fight against Aeneas and the Trojans as an ally of Turnus.

Horace (Odes 18.2) records the name as "Cātilus"; Virgil (Aeneid 7.672) and Silius Italicus as "Cātillus", and Statius as "Catillus". There was a mons Catilli in Tibur, presumably the modern Monte Catillo.

Turnus
Turnus (Ancient Greek: Τυρρηνός, romanized: Tyrrhênós) was the legendary King of the Rutuli in Roman history, and the chief antagonist of the hero Aeneas in Virgil's Aeneid.

According to the Aeneid, Turnus is the son of Daunus and the nymph Venilia and is brother of the nymph Juturna.
Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski
Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski (Polish: ‘Keys for the Identification of Polish Insects’) is a series of books containing identification keys to the insects of Poland. The aim of this series is broadly analogous to that of the Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.

Identification key
In biology, an identification key, taxonomic key, or frequently just key, is a printed or computer-aided device that aids in the identification of biological organisms.

Historically, the most common type of identification key is the dichotomous key, a type of single-access key which offers a fixed sequence of identification steps, each with two alternatives. The earliest examples of identification keys originate in the seventeenth century, but their conceptual history can be traced back to antiquity. Modern multi-access keys allow the user to freely choose the identification steps and any order. They were traditionally performed using punched cards but now almost exclusively take the form of computer programs.
Durbach
Durbach is a municipality in the district of Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is situated on the verge of the northern Black Forest Mountains six kilometers north east of the town of Offenburg.

Main branches of commerce are agriculture (especially production of wine) and tourism. It is known for its Riesling wine. The Riesling grape grown in the Ortenau district is known as Klingelberger for the name of a vineyard in Durbach.

Ortenaukreis
Ortenaukreis (Low Alemannic: Ortenaukrais; French: Arrondissement de l'Ortenau) is a Landkreis (district) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (clockwise from north) Rastatt, Freudenstadt, Rottweil, Schwarzwald-Baar and Emmendingen. To the west it borders the French Bas-Rhin département.
Vibia gens
The gens Vibia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Although individuals named Vibius appear in history during the time of the Second Punic War, no members of this gens are found at Rome until the final century of the Republic.  The first of the Vibii to obtain the consulship was Gaius Vibius Pansa in 43 BC, and from then until imperial times the Vibii regularly filled the highest offices of the Roman state.  The emperors Trebonianus Gallus and Volusianus each claimed descent from the family.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Top Chef Masters season 2
The second season of the American reality competition show Top Chef Masters was announced on October 22, 2009. In addition, it was announced that Gail Simmons would be added as a critic. The season premiered on April 7, 2010 with 22 chefs competing against each other in weekly challenges. In the season finale that premiered on June 9, 2010, Marcus Samuelsson was crowned Top Chef Master.

Carmen González (chef)
Carmen González is a professional chef, restaurateur, and media personality.

González grew up in the Puerto Rican coastal town of Aguadilla before moving on to the New York Restaurant School to pursue a culinary career. She then trained under Chef Barry Wine at The Quilted Giraffe in New York City before opening her own restaurant, Carmen the Restaurant in Coral Gables, Florida.
Lenton, Keisby and Osgodby
Lenton, Keisby and Osgodby is a civil parish in South Kesteven, Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 187. It is located along the river and in the valleys of the East Glen at its headwaters near Ingoldsby, where several minor streams join.

River Glen, Lincolnshire
The River Glen is a river in Lincolnshire, England with a short stretch passing through Rutland near Essendine.

The river's name appears to derive from a Brythonic Celtic language but there is a strong early English connection.
Dunedin North (electorate)
Dunedin North (previously known as North Dunedin) is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was established for the 1905 election and existed until 2020, when it was succeeded by the Dunedin electorate.

It was considered a safe Labour seat, with Labour winning it in every election from 1928, except the 1975 election.

United Labour Party (New Zealand)
The United Labour Party (ULP) of New Zealand was an early centre-left to left-wing political party. Founded in 1912, it represented the more moderate wing of the labour movement. In 1916 it joined with other political groups to establish the modern Labour Party.
Fresno Bulldogs
Fresno Bulldogs, or BDS for short, also known by the abbreviations FBD and F-14, are a primarily Mexican American criminal street and prison gang located in 559, California. They are considered to be one of the biggest drug gangs in Central California with membership estimated to be in the cities of Fresno, Selma, Kerman, Sanger, Clovis, Madera, San Joaquin, Coalinga, Huron, Mendota, Orange Cove, and Avenal. They are engaged in a wide range of criminal activity and have been subject to many high-profile cases over the years.
Fresno Bulldogs are largely conflicted with other prison gangs and are the biggest Hispanic gang in California unaffiliated with Sureños or Norteños.

Prisons in California
The California state prison system is a system of prisons, fire camps, contract beds, reentry programs, and other special programs administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Division of Adult Institutions to incarcerate approximately 117,000 people as of April 2020. CDCR owns and operates 31 prisons throughout the state.

The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation had a $15.8B budget for the 2019-2020 fiscal year, which was 7.4% of the state budget , and  $13.6 billion ($13.3 billion General Fund and $347 million other funds) for CDCR in 2021-22. The state's prison medical care system has been in receivership since 2006, when a federal court ruled in Plata v. Brown that the state failed to provide a constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners. Since 2009, the state has been under court order to reduce prison overcrowding to no higher than 137.5% of total design capacity.
Guéra (province)
12°10′58″N 18°41′05″E﻿ / ﻿12.18278°N 18.68472°E﻿ / 12.18278; 18.68472

Guéra (Arabic: قيرا) is one of the 23 provinces of Chad, created in 2002 from the former Guéra prefecture. The province's capital is Mongo. As of 2009, the population of the region was 553,795.

Provinces of Chad
The Republic of Chad is divided into 23 provinces.

Chad was divided into regions in 2002. It was previously divided into prefectures, and then departments.

On 10 August 2018, a new ordinance divided Chad into 23 provinces, 95 departments, and 365 communes. The names of the former regions remained the same but were now called provinces. On 4 July 2024, a new ordinance further divided the 23 provinces into 120 departments and 454 sub-prefectures.

Until 2025, the leaders of the provinces of Chad were known as governors. They are now called delegates general of the government.
Liz Rijsbergen
Liz Rijsbergen (born 14 February 2002) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a forward for Eredivisie club PSV. She has represented the Netherlands at youth level, playing and scoring in the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

2023–24 Eredivisie (women)
The 2023–24 Eredivisie Vrouwen, known as Azerion Vrouwen Eredivisie for sponsorship reasons, is the fourteenth season of the Netherlands women's professional football league. Twente won the league title. The season saw FC Utrecht rejoin the league, which expanded to 12 teams. Tessa Wullaert of Fortuna Sittard was the leading goal scorer and was named the player of the year. Lily Yohannes of Ajax received the Talent of the Year award.