hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Centerbrook Architects & Planners
Centerbrook Architects & Planners is an American architecture firm founded in 1975 and based in Centerbrook, Connecticut. Centerbrook is one of 37 active firms nationwide to have won the Architecture Firm Award, annually bestowed by the American Institute of Architects.

Ocean House, Rhode Island
Ocean House is a large, Victorian-style waterfront hotel originally constructed in 1868 on Bluff Avenue in Watch Hill, Rhode Island. The original 1868 hotel closed in 2003; it was demolished in 2005 and a new facility opened in 2010 on the same site which retained much of the original structure's form and appearance, as well as the original name. Both the original and its reconstruction are noted for their rambling Victorian architecture and distinctive yellow siding.

The original Ocean House was the last waterfront Victorian-era hotel on mainland Rhode Island.
Lazistan Sanjak
Lazistan (Laz: ლაზონა / Lazona, ლაზეთი / Lazeti, ჭანეთი / Ç'aneti; Ottoman Turkish: لازستان, Lazistān) was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak, under Trebizond Vilayet, comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea. It covered modern day land of contemporary Rize Province and the littoral of contemporary Artvin Province.

Kaza
A kaza (Ottoman Turkish: قضا, "judgment" or "jurisdiction") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. It is also discussed in English under the names district, subdistrict, and juridical district. Kazas continued to be used by some of the empire's successor states. At present, they are used by Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, and in Arabic discussion of Israel. In these contexts, they are also known by the Arabic name qada, qadā, or qadaa (Arabic: قضاء, qaḍāʾ).
HD 156768
HD 156768 is a double star in the southern constellation of Ara, with a combined apparent magnitude of 5.86. The brighter component is a sixth magnitude bright giant or supergiant star with a stellar classification of G8Ib/II. The magnitude 9.6 companion lies at an angular separation of 1.81″ along a position angle of 184°.

Ara (constellation)
Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. Under its Greek name Βωμός, Bōmǒs, it was one of the 48 classical constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.

The orange supergiant Beta Arae is the brightest star in Ara, with a near-constant apparent magnitude of 2.85, and is marginally brighter than the blue-white Alpha Arae. Seven star systems are known to host planets. Sunlike Mu Arae hosts four known planets. Gliese 676 is a (gravity-paired) binary red dwarf system with four known planets.

The Milky Way crosses the northwestern part of Ara. Within the constellation is Westerlund 1, a super star cluster that contains the red supergiant Westerlund 1-26, one of the largest stars known.
Bùi Văn Tự
Bùi Văn Tự (born October 31, 1992) is a Vietnamese artist and light sculptor. He is the first person in Vietnam to create light sculpture art.

The light sculpture titled "Great Russia" created by Bùi Văn Tự was gifted by the President of Vietnam Tô Lâm, on behalf of General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng, to President Vladimir Putin during Vladimir Putin's 2024 Vietnam visit.

Ninh Bình province
Ninh Bình (Vietnamese pronunciation: [nīɲ ɓìɲ]) is a province of Vietnam in the Red River Delta region. The province is known for natural and cultural attractions, including reserved parks in Cúc Phương National Park and Vân Long, grotto caves and rivers in Tràng An, Tam Cốc-Bích Động and Múa Caves, historic monuments in the Hoa Lư ancient capital, Vietnam's largest Buddhist worshipping complex (Bái Đính Temple), and the Phát Diệm Cathedral with "eclectic architectural style".
Progressive Movement (Mexico)
The Progressive Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Progresista) was a political alliance formed between the Democratic Revolution (PRD), Labor Party (PT) and the Citizens' Movement (MC), which contested the 2012 Mexican general election. Its presidential candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador came in second place, losing to Enrique Peña Nieto.

Labor Party (Mexico)
The Labor Party (Spanish: Partido del Trabajo [paɾˈtiðo ðel tɾaˈβaxo], PT; also known as the Workers Party) is a socialist political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.

Following the 2018 election, the PT became the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies with 61 deputies, after Morena with 191 and the PAN with 81. Political maneuvering briefly established the PRI as the third-largest party in August 2020, although it later turned out that the PT and the PRI were tied with 46 seats each after doubtful PRD deputy defections in favor of the PRI.

It received 6.46% of the total votes cast in the 2024 presidential election, becoming the sixth national political force. It has 49 deputies and 6 senators in the LXVI legislature of the Congress of the Union.
Kian Emadi
Kian Emadi-Coffin (born 29 July 1992) is a former British track cyclist. He has represented Great Britain and England at international level, and is a three-time British National Track champion. Originally a sprinter, he transferred following injury to the endurance squad, and in 2018 won a gold medal as part of the team pursuit squad for Great Britain at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

British Cycling National Track Championships
The British National Track Championships are a Track cycling event held annually and organised by the national governing body for track cycling (and other forms of cycling) in Great Britain, British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation). The main events are various track cycling disciplines for elite athletes to determine the British national champions. However, competitions are also held in age-grade and disability/para-cycling categories. Winners receive a national champions jersey consisting of a white jersey with blue and red bands, which they are entitled to wear any time the contest the same event during that year.
Scadoxus membranaceus
Scadoxus membranaceus is a flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is a bulbous plant from South Africa (east Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal). The smallest of the species of Scadoxus, it is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant where a minimum temperature of 5 °C (41 °F) can be maintained.

Scadoxus puniceus
Scadoxus puniceus, commonly known as the paintbrush lily, is a species of bulbous plant. It is native to much of southern and eastern Africa: Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), and South Africa (the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State and the Northern Provinces). Scadoxus puniceus can be found in cool, shady habitat such as ravines and forests, where it is often found in moist leaf litter. Other common names include snake lily, royal paintbrush, King-of-Candida, African blood lily (English), rooikwas (Afrikaans), isisphompho, and umgola (Zulu). There are nine species of Scadoxus of which three, S. puniceus, S. multiflorus (with 2 subspecies) and S.membranaceus, occur in South Africa.
GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy
GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GVH) is a provider of advanced reactors and nuclear services. It is headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. Established in June 2007, GVH is a nuclear alliance created by General Electric and Hitachi. In Japan, the alliance is called Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy.

Horizon Nuclear Power
Horizon Nuclear Power is a British energy company that was expected to build new nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom. It was established in 2009, with its head office in Gloucester, and is now owned by Hitachi.

On 17 January 2019, Horizon suspended its UK nuclear development programme.
Chris Smith (general)
Major General Christopher Robert Smith, DSC, AM, CSC is a senior officer in the Australian Army. He graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1995 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. He served with the in United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda in 1995 and the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization. Most recently he served as the Deputy Commanding General – Operations for the United States Army Pacific from 2022–2024 before taking over the role of Deputy Chief of Army on 31 January 2024.

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
Scalatra
Scalatra is a free and open source web application framework written in Scala. It is a port of the Sinatra framework written in Ruby. Scalatra is an alternative to the Lift, Play!, and Unfiltered frameworks.

Scalatra is an example of a microframework, a web software development framework which attempts to be as minimal as possible.

A full Scalatra application can be written in very few lines of code:

From this tiny domain-specific language, Scalatra can be expanded into a minimal but full-featured model-view-controller web framework. For example, additional libraries can be attached in order to provide templating, object-relational mapping, and unit testing or behaviour driven development support.

Microframework
A microframework is a term used to refer to minimalistic web application frameworks. It is contrasted with full-stack frameworks.

It lacks most of the functionality which is common to expect in a full-fledged web application framework, such as:

Accounts, authentication, authorization, roles

Database abstraction via an object-relational mapping

Input validation and input sanitation

Web template engine

Typically, a microframework facilitates receiving an HTTP request, routing the HTTP request to the appropriate function and returning an HTTP response. Microframeworks are often specifically designed for building the APIs for another service or application. For example, Lumen microframework is designed for microservices development and API development.
Source code
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is human readable plain text that can eventually result in controlling the behavior of a computer. In order to control a computer, it must be processed by a computer program – either executed directly via an interpreter or translated into a more computer-consumable form such as via a compiler. Sometimes, code is compiled directly to machine code so that it can be run in the native language of the computer without further processing. Many modern environments, though, involve compiling to an intermediate representation such as bytecode that can either run via an interpreter or be compiled on-demand to machine code via just-in-time compilation.

Software development effort estimation
In software development, effort estimation is the process of predicting the most realistic amount of effort (expressed in terms of person-hours or money) required to develop or maintain software based on incomplete, uncertain and noisy input. Effort estimates may be used as input to project plans, iteration plans, budgets, investment analyses, pricing processes and bidding rounds.
Alfred Fowell Buxton
Alfred Fowell Buxton (28 March 1854 – 5 May 1952) was a British banker and local politician.

He was the son of Thomas Fowell Buxton and his wife Rachel Jane née Gurney of Easneye House near Ware, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1877. He was to retain strong links with Rugby: he married Violet Jex-Blake, daughter of the school's then headmaster, Thomas Jex-Blake in 1885 and from 1906 to 1936 was one of the school's governors. Violet Buxton OBE was the niece of Sophia Jex-Blake, suffragist and first woman medical graduate in UK.

Thomas Jex-Blake
Thomas William Jex-Blake (1832–1915) was an Anglican priest and educationalist.

He was born on 26 January 1832, the son of lawyer Thomas Jex-Blake and the brother of Sophia Jex-Blake, who was a pioneer in women doctors in the United Kingdom. He was educated at Rugby and University College, Oxford. He was also a fellow of Queen's College, Oxford.

His career in education began with a school master position at Marlborough, which he left to become assistant master at Rugby. From 1868 to 1874 he was principal of Cheltenham College and from 1874 to 1887 headmaster of Rugby.

After this second period at Rugby, his working life solely as an Anglican minister began when he became rector of Alvechurch. In 1891 he was appointed dean of Wells, a post he held for two decades.

He died on 2 July 1915.
Poplar Bluff Tigers
The Poplar Bluff Tigers were a minor league baseball team based Poplar Bluff, Missouri. In 1908, the Tigers played briefly as members of the Class D level Arkansas State League. During the 1908 season, Poplar Bluff relocated to Brinkley, Arkansas and became the Brinkley Infants for the remainder of the season. The Tigers hosted minor league home games at Sportsman's Park. The combined Poplar Bluff/Brinkley team finished last in the Arkansas State League standings.

Poplar Bluff, Missouri
Poplar Bluff is a city in and the county seat of Butler County, Missouri, United States, that is known as "The Gateway to the Ozarks" among other names. The population was 16,225 at the 2020 census. The Poplar Bluff Micropolitan Statistical Area consists of all of Butler County. The city is at the crossroads of U.S. Route 60 and U.S. Route 67.
John Robinson (archdeacon of Bedford)
John Robinson (died 1598) was an English priest and academic in the second half of the 16th century.

Robinson was born in Richmondshire and educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He was President of St John's College, Oxford, from 1564 to 1572.  He held livings at East Treswell, Fulbeck, Thornton, Great Easton, Brant Broughton, Fishtoft, Caistor, Kingston Bagpuze, Little Gransden (1587–97) and Somersham. Robinson became Precentor of Lincoln Cathedral in 1573; and Archdeacon of Bedford in 1574, holding both positions until his death in 1598.

Archdeacon of Bedford
The Archdeacon of Bedford is an ecclesiastical post in the Church of England Diocese of St Albans in the Province of Canterbury. Historically the post was in the Diocese of Lincoln, then from 1837 in the Diocese of Ely, England. On 13 April 1914, the archdeaconry became a part of the Diocese of St Albans. The present holder of the office is Dave Middlebrook, collated Archdeacon on 30 March 2019.
Lioni
Lioni is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy.

Located in western Irpinia, in the Monti Picentini natural park, the municipality borders with Bagnoli Irpino, Calabritto, Caposele, Morra De Sanctis, Nusco, Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi and Teora. It is 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Avellino and is linked by a mountain road to the ski resort of Laceno.

Morra De Sanctis
Morra De Sanctis is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. In 1934 the town changed its name from Morra Irpino to Morra De Sanctis for honouring its most important citizen, Francesco De Sanctis.
Hedonic motivation
Hedonic motivation refers to the influence of a person's pleasure and pain receptors on their willingness to move towards a goal or away from a threat. This is linked to the classic motivational principle that people approach pleasure and avoid pain, and is gained from acting on certain behaviors that resulted from esthetic and emotional feelings such as: love, hate, fear, joy, etc. According to the hedonic principle, our emotional experience can be thought of as a gauge that ranges from bad to good and our primary motivation is to keep the needle on the gauge as close to good as possible.

Valence (psychology)
Valence, also known as hedonic tone, is a characteristic of emotions that determines their emotional affect (intrinsic appeal or repulsion).

Positive valence corresponds to the "goodness" or attractiveness of an object, event, or situation, making it appealing or desirable. Conversely, negative valence relates to "badness" or averseness, rendering something unappealing or undesirable.

This concept is not only used to describe the intrinsic qualities of objects and events but also categorizes emotions based on their inherent attractiveness or averseness.
Sinn Féin Funds case
The Sinn Féin Funds case (Buckley and Others v. Attorney General and Another) was a 1942–1948 Irish court case in which the Sinn Féin party claimed ownership of funds deposited with the High Court in 1924 which had belonged to the Sinn Féin party before 1923. The Sinn Féin Funds Act 1947, which attempted to halt the court case and assign the funds to Bord Cistí Sinn Féin, was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in an important judgement on separation of powers and private property rights. The original action was subsequently decided against Sinn Féin, on the basis that the pre-1923 party was separate from the 1940s party. Most of the disputed funds were consumed by legal costs.

Gerard Hogan
Gerard William Augustine Hogan, MRIA (born 13 August 1958) is an Irish judge, lawyer and academic who has served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since October 2021. He previously served as Advocate General of the European Court of Justice from 2018 to 2021, a Judge of the Court of Appeal from 2014 to 2018 and a Judge of the High Court from 2010 to 2014. Hogan first worked as a barrister and lecturer in law specialising in constitutional and administrative law.
Ray Monk
Ray Monk FRSL (born 15 February 1957) is a British biographer who is renowned for his biographies of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Bertrand Russell, and J. Robert Oppenheimer. He is emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Southampton, where he taught in various capacities from 1992 to 2018.

Vintage Books
Vintage Books is a trade paperback publishing imprint of Penguin Random House originally established by Alfred A. Knopf in 1954. The company was acquired by Random House in April 1960, and a British division was set up in 1990. After Random House merged with Bantam Doubleday Dell, Doubleday's Anchor Books trade paperback line was added to the same division as Vintage. After Random House merged with Penguin, Vintage UK was transferred to Penguin UK.

In addition to publishing classic and contemporary works in paperback under the Vintage brand, the imprint also oversees the sub-imprints Bodley Head, Jonathan Cape, Chatto and Windus, Harvill Secker, Hogarth Press, Square Peg, and Yellow Jersey. Vintage began publishing some titles in the mass-market paperback format in 2003.
Plehwe Complex
The Plehwe Complex is a set of historic saltbox houses on Boerne Stage Road near Leon Springs in Bexar County, Texas, United States. The place is also known as Plehwe Stage Coach Inn, a competitor to the Aue Stage Coach Inn just around the corner in 750 yards distance. The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 15, 1983.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bexar County, Texas. There are 27 districts, 141 individual properties, and one former property listed on the National Register in the county. Two districts and seven individually listed properties are National Historic Landmarks. One district is a National Historical Park, and one property is a National Historic Site. One property is a State Historic Site. Two districts and 15 individually listed properties are State Antiquities Landmarks while six districts contain several more. Two districts are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (RTHLs) while 33 individual properties are also designated RTHLs or contain one or more. Ten districts contain many more RTHLs.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
Leningradsky constituency
The Leningradsky constituency (No.198) is a Russian legislative constituency in Moscow. The constituency covers inner and outer eastern parts of Northern Moscow.

The constituency has been represented since 2003 by A Just Russia deputy Galina Khovanskaya, former Member of Moscow City Duma and housing rights activist.

Moscow City Duma
55°45′52″N 37°37′02″E﻿ / ﻿55.764503°N 37.61722°E﻿ / 55.764503; 37.61722

The Moscow City Duma (Russian: Московская городская дума, romanized: Moskovskaya gorodskaya duma, commonly abbreviated to Мосгордума, Mosgorduma) is the regional parliament (city duma) of Moscow, a federal subject and the capital city of Russia. As Moscow is one of three federal cities, the city duma's legislation can only be overridden by the mayor and the federal government.
Irish Writers Union
The Irish Writers Union (Irish: Aontas Scríbhneoirí Éireann), also known by its acronym, IWU, and formerly known as Comhar na Scribhneoirí, is a representative association devoted to furthering the professional interests and needs of writers in various media in Ireland. It is based in the building of the Irish Writers Centre (which it co-founded), in the centre of Dublin. The IWU is a member of the European Writers' Council (EWC), which itself is the largest federation worldwide that solely represents writers. The Irish Writers Union became an affiliate of the trade union SIPTU in 1993, but retained complete autonomy in the running of its own affairs. It is the only nominating body in Ireland for the Nobel Prize for Literature. The IWU is also a nominating body for the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award. The Irish Copyright Licensing Agency (ICLA) also works with the IWU.

Morgan Llywelyn
Morgan Llywelyn (born December 3, 1937) is an American-Irish historical interpretation author of historical and mythological fiction and historical non-fiction. Her interpretation of mythology and history has received several awards and has sold more than 40 million copies, and she herself is recipient of the 1999 Exceptional Celtic Woman of the Year Award from Celtic Women International.
Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography
This Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography consolidates numerous references to the writings of Charles Sanders Peirce, including letters, manuscripts, publications, and Nachlass. For an extensive chronological list of Peirce's works (titled in English), see the Chronologische Übersicht (Chronological Overview) on the Schriften (Writings) page for Charles Sanders Peirce.

Francis Ellingwood Abbot
Francis Ellingwood Abbot (November 6, 1836 – October 23, 1903) was an American philosopher and theologian who sought to reconstruct theology in accordance with the scientific method.

His lifelong romance with his wife, Katharine Fearing Loring, forms the subject of If Ever Two Were One, a collection of his correspondence and diary entries.