hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gauliga Generalgouvernement
The Gauliga Generalgouvernement  was the highest football league in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany in October 1939 in the so-called General Government (German:Generalgouvernement). The league existed from 1940 to 1944, in 1941 it was incorporated into the German football championship system.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Detarium senegalense
Detarium senegalense is a leguminous tree in the subfamily Detarioideae. Unlike most members of the family, it produces globular fruits. Its common names include ditax, ditakh, detar, and tallow tree. The tree is of value for several reasons: the fruit is nutritious, is locally prominent in folk medicine, and is a source of quality timber. It could contribute to food security, sustainable land care, and rural development. As its Linnaean name indicates, it is native to Senegal and the surrounding countries of West Africa.

Detarioideae
The subfamily Detarioideae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae (legumes). This subfamily includes many tropical trees, some of which are used for timber or have ecological importance. The subfamily consists of 84 genera, most of which are native to Africa and Asia. Pride of Burma (Amherstia nobilis) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) are two of the most notable species in Detarioideae. It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Goniorrhachis marginata Taub. and Aphanocalyx cynometroides Oliv., but not Cercis canadensis L., Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema.
HMS Tongham
HMS Tongham was one of 93 ships in the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers. Their names were all chosen from villages ending in -ham; in this case, Tongham in Surrey. She was built in Scotland by James N Miller & Sons at St Monance, Fife, with a fully-wooden hull. Launched on 30 November 1955, she was delivered on 18 June 1967, and commissioned with pennant number M2735.

The minesweeper was dry stored ashore at the Gareloch naval base. On release she was used by the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service, and based at Greenock. Tongham was decommissioned, then sold by the Ministry of Defence in 1980.

After leaving the navy, Tongham was taken to Shotley, Essex and underwent some hull restoration at nearby Mistley, where she was again for sale in 2016. In 2017, the new owners moved the ship to Gillingham, Kent, and revealed plans to convert her to a cafe and music centre.

Ham-class minesweeper
The Ham class was a class of inshore minesweepers (IMS), known as the Type 1, of the British Royal Navy. The class was designed to operate in the shallow water of rivers and estuaries. All of the ships in the class are named for British place names that end with -"ham". The parent firm that was responsible for supervising construction was Samuel White of Cowes, Isle of Wight.
Bharati script
The Bharati (ISO: Bhārati) script is a constructed script created by a research team led by V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy at IIT Madras. It is designed to serve as a common script or link script for Indian languages. It is a left-to-right abugida in which the vowel diacritics may be placed below, upon, or to the right of the primary character.

The script borrows characters and concepts from multiple scripts including the Latin script, Devanagari, Tamil script, Telugu script, Kannada script, Malayalam script, and the Bengali–Assamese script. Like the Gujarati script, it does not feature a running horizontal line above the characters, which is a characteristic of the Devanagari and Bengali-Assamese scripts.

Constructed writing system
A constructed writing system, or neography, is a writing system specifically created by an individual or group, rather than having evolved as part of a language or culture like a natural script. Some are designed for use with constructed languages, although several of them are used in linguistic experimentation or for other more practical ends in existing languages. Prominent examples of constructed scripts include Korean Hangul and Tengwar.
The Fortune Hunter (1914 film)
The Fortune Hunter is a lost 1914 American silent comedy drama film directed by Barry O'Neil. It stars William Elliott and Ethel Clayton, and was produced by Lubin Manufacturing Company and distributed by General Film Company.

This play was an early stage success for Jack Barrymore in 1909.

Barry O'Neil
Barry O'Neil (1865 – 1918) was a film director and writer. His real name was Thomas J. McCarthy. He directed several Thanhouser films including the production company's first two-reeler, Romeo and Juliet. He went on to work for Lubin and then World Film Corporation.

He was born in New York City.

O'Neil married actress Nellie Walters. In 1913 O'Neil was elected to The Lambs as a non-resident member. He died of apoplexy.

In 1910 and 1911 he filmed adaptations of a couple William Shakespeare plays. In 1915 he filmed a version of McTeague in Death Valley released as Life's Whirlpool. William E. Hamilton was an assistant director to O'Neil.
Postage stamps and postal history of China
The history of the postage stamps and postal history of China is complicated by the gradual decay of Imperial China and the years of civil war and Japanese occupation in the 1930s and 1940s. In modern times, postal delivery is handled by China Post.

Overprint
An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage or revenue stamp, postal stationery, banknote or ticket after it has been printed. Post offices most often use overprints for internal administrative purposes such as accounting but they are also employed in public mail. Well-recognized varieties include commemorative overprints which are produced for their public appeal and command significant interest in the field of philately.
Ganggang
Ganggang (stylized in all caps) is an American cultural development and social justice organization. Founded by spouses and business partners Alan Bacon and Malina "Mali" Simone Jeffers in late 2020, Ganggang works to showcase and financially support Black visual artists and their work. Their efforts have included organizing artist collectives, fine art fairs, a curated exhibition at the Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields, and live performances.

Indy Arts Council
The Indy Arts Council (sometimes referred to as the Arts Council of Indianapolis or Indianapolis Arts Council) is a nonprofit arts service organization based in Indianapolis that was established in 1987 by the Greater Indianapolis Progress Committee. The organization's purpose is to introduce the arts to new audiences through community outreach while bolstering creative innovation and economic development. The Indy Arts Council supports over 100 organizations including the Children's Museum of Indianapolis. They have also worked to include local artists in events they have organized in partnership with the Indianapolis 500, Super Bowl XLVI, NCAA Final Fours, Pacers Sports & Entertainment and the Indianapolis International Airport. The Arts Council generates funding from many notable institutions such as Indiana Arts Commission, Lilly Endowment, Indianapolis Foundation, and Allen Whitehill Clowes Charitable Foundation.
2023 Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council election
The 2023 election to Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council was held on 18 May 2023, alongside other local elections in Northern Ireland, two weeks after local elections in England. The Northern Ireland elections were delayed by two weeks to avoid overlapping with the coronation of King Charles III.

The 41 councillors were elected via single transferable vote.

2023 Northern Ireland local elections
Local elections were held in Northern Ireland on 18 May 2023. The elections were delayed by two weeks to avoid overlapping with the coronation of King Charles III. Following the elections, Sinn Féin became the largest party in local government for the first time. It also marked the first time that nationalist parties had garnered a greater share of the vote than unionist parties.
Hunger (Marvel Comics)
The Hunger (Loxias Crown) is a fictional character appearing in the American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Spider-Man #76 (January 1997) and was created by Howard Mackie. He is an enemy of Spider-Man, Blade, and Morbius.

Matt Smith portrays a composite character partially inspired by the Hunger named Milo, whose birth name is Lucien, in the Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) film Morbius (2022).

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.
Topoke people
The Topoke (initially called Eso) are an ethnic group that mainly live in the Isangi Territory south of the Congo River, downstream from Kisangani in the Tshopo Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They speak the Poke language (also called Puki, Tofoke, Topoke or Tovoke), in the Soko–Kele languages group of Bantu languages.

Tshopo
Tshopo is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning.  It is situated in the north central part of the country on the Tshopo River, for which it is named.

Tshopo, Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, and Ituri provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Orientale province.  Tshopo was formed from the Tshopo district and the independently administered city of Kisangani which retained its status as a provincial capital. The 2020 population was estimated to be 2,829,700.
Law enforcement by country
In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several law enforcement agencies, police or police-like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law.

Monarchy of Luxembourg
The monarchy of Luxembourg is the institution headed by the grand duke of Luxembourg, who is the head of state of the country.  Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg.  It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign grand duchy, and since 1815 there have been ten monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.
1990 German Grand Prix
The 1990 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Hockenheimring on 29 July 1990. It was the ninth race of the 1990 Formula One World Championship. The race was the 52nd German Grand Prix and the 14th to be held at the Hockenheimring. It was the 39th and last Formula One Grand Prix to be held in West Germany prior to its re-unification with East Germany. The race was held over 45 laps of the seven kilometre circuit for a race distance of 306 kilometres.

The race was won by 1988 World Champion, Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna driving a McLaren MP4/5B. He took a six-second victory over Italian driver Alessandro Nannini driving a Benetton B190 who was just two seconds in front of Senna's Austrian teammate Gerhard Berger.

Senna's win put him back into the championship points lead, four ahead of Ferrari driver Alain Prost.

Cosworth
Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One (F1) as engine supplier, ranking third with most wins, behind Ferrari and Mercedes.
Palaeacanthocephala
Palaeacanthocephala ("ancient thornheads") is a class within the phylum Acanthocephala. The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish, aquatic birds and mammals. This order is characterized by the presence of lateral longitudinal lacunar canals and a double-walled proboscis receptacle. The nuclei of the hypodermis (outer layer of skin) are fragmented and the males have two to seven cement glands, unlike their relatives the Archiacanthocephala, which always have eight.

There are three orders in the class Palaeacanthocephala:

Echinorhynchida Southwell and Macfie, 1925

Heteramorphida Amin and Ha, 2008

Polymorphida Petrochenko, 1956

Archiacanthocephala
Archiacanthocephala is a class within the phylum of Acanthocephala. They are parasitic worms that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates, including humans. They are characterised by the body wall and the lemnisci (which are a bundle of sensory nerve fibers), which have nuclei that divide without spindle formation, or the appearance of chromosomes, or it has a few amoebae-like giant nuclei. Typically, there are eight separate cement glands in the male, which is one of the few ways to distinguish the dorsal and ventral sides of these organisms.
Charleston Southern Buccaneers football
The Charleston Southern Buccaneers football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Charleston Southern University located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the OVC–Big South Football Association. Charleston Southern's first football team was fielded in 1991. The team plays its home games at the 4,000 seat Buccaneer Field in North Charleston, South Carolina and are currently coached by Gabe Giardina.

Buccaneer Field
Buccaneer Field is a 4,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in North Charleston, South Carolina. It is home to the Charleston Southern University Buccaneers football team.  The facility opened in 1970, and has been the school's football stadium since 1991, when the program began. Lights were added in 2014, and in 2015 a new entryway was added alongside new ticketing booths.
Merom, Indiana
Merom is a town in Gill Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Merom had a population of 208. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Nearby is Hallador Energy's Merom Generating Station.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
Anna Maria Orel
Anna Maria Čeh (born as Anna Maria Orel) (11 December 1996) is an Estonian hammer thrower.

Čeh represented Estonia at the 2013 World Youth Championships, 2014 World Junior Championships and 2015 European Junior Championships, but was always eliminated in the qualifying round. She improved the Estonian junior record several times in 2015, finishing with 62.32 m. In 2016, she set two Estonian under-23 records (66.06 m and 66.44 m) and then threw 67.52 m in Lapinlahti on June 19, breaking her training partner Kati Ojaloo's outright Estonian record of 67.26 m.

Čeh is coached by Finnish hammer coach Jarmo Pöyry.

In September 2024 she married a Slovenian disc thrower Kristjan Čeh.

Kati Ojaloo
Kati Ojaloo (born 31 January 1990) is an Estonian hammer thrower. She participated at the 2014 European Athletics Championships.

Her personal best in the event is 71.50 metres set in Pori, Finland in August 2020, it is also the Estonian national record.

She lives in Finland and is in a relationship with Finnish hammer thrower Tuomas Seppänen. She earned the right to compete in Finnish Championship events since February 2019.
Catenoid
In geometry, a catenoid is a type of surface, arising by rotating a catenary curve about an axis (a surface of revolution). It is a minimal surface, meaning that it occupies the least area when bounded by a closed space. It was formally described in 1744 by the mathematician Leonhard Euler.

Soap film attached to twin circular rings will take the shape of a catenoid. Because they are members of the same associate family of surfaces, a catenoid can be bent into a portion of a helicoid, and vice versa.

Soap film
Soap films are thin layers of liquid (usually water-based) surrounded by air. For example, if two soap bubbles come into contact, they merge and a thin film is created in between. Thus, foams are composed of a network of films connected by Plateau borders. Soap films can be used as model systems for minimal surfaces, which are widely used in mathematics.
Meßkirch Castle
Meßkirch Castle or Meßkirch Palace (also spelt "Messkirch", German: Schloss Meßkirch, Schloss der Grafen von Zimmern or Zimmernschloss) is located in the town centre of Meßkirch in the county of Sigmaringen in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The castle is a cultural and museum centre with castle tours, a county art gallery, a museum about philosopher Martin Heidegger, and the Oldtimer Museum with automobiles and motorcycles.

Meßkirch
Meßkirch (German: [ˈmɛsˌkɪʁç] ⓘ; Swabian: Mässkirch) is a town in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

The town was the residence of the counts of Zimmern, widely known through Count Froben Christoph's Zimmern Chronicle (1559–1566).
Edgar Albert Smith
Edgar Albert Smith (29 November 1847 – 22 July 1916) was a British zoologist and malacologist.

His father was Frederick Smith, a well-known entomologist, and assistant keeper of zoology in the British Museum, Bloomsbury. Edgar Albert Smith was educated both at the North London Collegiate School and privately, being well grounded in Latin amongst other subjects, as his excellent diagnoses bear witness.

Smith married in July 1876. Subsequently, his wife and he had four sons and two daughters.

He gave more prominent attention to the fauna of the African Great Lakes and the marine molluscs of South Africa, and also the non-marine mollusc fauna of Borneo and New Guinea.

Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland
The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland is a British-based learned society concerned with the study of molluscs and their shells. Founded in 1876, it is one of the oldest such societies in the world. It is a registered UK charity (no 208205) that anyone can join. It promotes the study of molluscs and their conservation, through meetings, publications, workshops, field meetings, and distribution recording schemes.
Metamaterial cloaking
Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly  invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation. Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.

Cloaking device
A cloaking device is a hypothetical or fictional stealth technology that can cause objects, such as spaceships or individuals, to be partially or wholly invisible to parts of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Fictional cloaking devices have been used as plot devices in various media for many years.

Developments in scientific research show that real-world cloaking devices can obscure objects from at least one wavelength of EM emissions. Scientists already use artificial materials called metamaterials to bend light around an object.  However, over the entire spectrum, a cloaked object scatters more than an uncloaked object.
Helen Hopfield
Helen Hopfield (née Staff, 1899 – January 16, 1989) was an American physicist who worked at the Applied Physics Laboratory. Her contributions in atmospheric physics and orbital mechanics allowed for more precise satellite-tracking technologies. The Hopfield model to study the troposphere is named in her honor.

She was the wife of spectroscopist John J. Hopfield, also a physicist known for his research on ultraviolet spectroscopy, and the mother of John Joseph, Jr., a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

John J. Hopfield (spectroscopist)
John Joseph Hopfield (born Jan Józef Chmielewski; July 8, 1891 – January 8, 1953) was a Polish-American physicist. Hopfield's published research included vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and solar ultraviolet spectroscopy. He was the discoverer of the "Hopfield bands" of oxygen and co-discoverer of the "Lyman–Birge–Hopfield bands" of nitrogen.  For about a decade he was an industrial physicist working with technologies for fabricating glass windows, and was the inventor listed on several related patents.
Murder Clown
Murder Clown (born March 1, 1986) is the ring name of a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler, signed to Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA). Murder Clown's ring character is that of a nightmarish clown and he is part of Los Psycho Circus along with Monster Clown and Psycho Clown. Murder Clown's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept secret from the wrestling fans.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Stimigliano
Stimigliano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Rome and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Rieti. As of 1 January 2018, it had a population of 2,321 and an area of 11.4 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi).

Stimigliano borders the following municipalities: Collevecchio, Forano, Ponzano Romano, Sant'Oreste, Tarano.

Rieti
Rieti (Italian: [ˈrjɛːti]; Latin: Reate, Sabino: Riete) is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina region.

The town centre stands on a small hilltop, commanding from the southern edge the wide Rieti valley, at the bottom of the Sabine hills and of monti Reatini, including mount Terminillo. The plain was once a large lake, drained by the ancient Romans, and is now the fertile basin of the Velino River. Only the small Ripasottile and Lungo lakes remain of the larger original.