hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond
The Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond is a 31.06-carat (6.212 g), deep-blue diamond with internally flawless clarity, originating in the Kollur Mine, India. Laurence Graff purchased the Wittelsbach Diamond in 2008 for £16.4 million. In 2010, Graff revealed he had had the diamond cut by three diamond cutters to remove flaws. The diamond was now more than 4 carats (800 mg) lighter and was renamed the Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond. There is controversy, as critics claim the recutting has so altered the diamond, compromising its historical integrity.

Graff disagreed: "I decided that to create beauty, or acts of beauty, is not a sin. All we did was remove the blemishes and now it's true perfection."

Culet
In gemology, a culet is a flat face on the bottom of a gemstone.

During the 14th century, after the adoption of the table cut, a further facet was added to the bottom of the cut parallel to the surface of the table. The term used for these bottom facets derives from the Latin word for bottom, culus.

The culet is added largely to protect the integrity of the gemstone.  On a diamond, the cleavage plane runs parallel to the octahedral faces, and so any damage to the tip of the diamond could cause a split up the entire length of the pavilion. With other gemstones that are not subject to cleavage, the culet is added to protect the fragility of the pointed tip.

The culet has remained optional on many diamond cuts up to the present day, and was omitted from Marcel Tolkowsky's original designs for the round brilliant diamond cut in 1919. Nonetheless, culet facets are common on modern brilliant-cut diamonds.
Kagomori Castle
Kagomori Castle (河後森城, Kagomori-jō) was a Sengoku period Japanese castle located in the Matsumaru neighborhood of the town of Matsuno, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1997.

Matsuno, Ehime
Matsuno (松野町, Matsuno-chō) is a town located in Kitauwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2022, the town had an estimated population of 3,693 in 1978 households, and a population density of 38 persons per km². The total area of the town is 98.45 square kilometres (38.01 sq mi).
2018 Hungarian Challenger Open
The 2018 Hungarian Challenger Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and was a part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Budapest, Hungary between 5 and 11 February 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Grande Région
The Grande Région (French) or Großregion (German) programme lies within the Interreg IV A programme of the European Union's European Regional Development Fund. It facilitates cooperation between project partners from the different parts of the Greater Region of SaarLorLux: Luxembourg (the country), the Belgian provinces of Luxembourg and Liège, the French Lorraine region as well as the Saarland and large parts of Rhineland-Palatinate. The programme covers the period 2007-2013. Projects approved within the programme receive financial aid of up to 50% of their budget.

Interreg
Interreg is a series of programmes to stimulate cooperation between regions in and out of the European Union (EU), funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The first Interreg started in 1989. Interreg IV covered the period 2007–2013. Interreg V (2014–2020) covers all 27 EU member states, the EFTA countries (Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein), six accession countries and 18 neighbouring countries. It has a budget of EUR 10.1 billion, which represents 2.8% of the total of the European Cohesion Policy budget. Since the non EU countries don't pay EU membership fee, they contribute directly to Interreg, not through ERDF.

Interreg VI covers the 2021-2027 period, and was allocated almost EUR 10 billion. This evolution of Interreg includes a reinforced cooperation with partner countries with Interreg IPA, Interreg NEXT and the integration of a dedicated strand for cooperation between the EU outermost regions and their neighbouring regions outside the European Union.
A Time Odyssey
A Time Odyssey is a trilogy of science fiction novels co-written by Arthur C. Clarke (author of the 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey) and Stephen Baxter.  As of 2008, the series consists of:

Vol. 1 – Time's Eye (3 March 2003)

Vol. 2 – Sunstorm (29 March 2005)

Vol. 3 – Firstborn (26 December 2007)

The 2008 Gollancz edition of the most recent book describes itself on the cover as the "Conclusion" of the series, but the plot is not concluded in the book. The immediate threat is averted but the enemy is not defeated, suggesting that further novels in the series were intended. Arthur Clarke, one of the two authors, died in March 2008 soon after the book was published and there have been no further books in the series.

2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)
2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science fiction novel by English writer Arthur C. Clarke. It was developed concurrently with Stanley Kubrick's film version and published after the release of the film. Clarke and Kubrick worked on the book together, but eventually only Clarke ended up as the official author. The story is based in part on various short stories by Clarke, including "The Sentinel" (written in 1948 for a BBC competition, but first published in 1951 under the title "Sentinel of Eternity"). By 1992, the novel had sold three million copies worldwide. An elaboration of Clarke and Kubrick's collaborative work on this project was made in the 1972 book The Lost Worlds of 2001.

The first part of the novel, in which aliens influence the primitive ancestors of humans, is similar to the plot of Clarke's 1953 short story "Encounter in the Dawn".
2001 Chicago Marathon
The 2001 Chicago Marathon was the 24th running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 7. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Ben Kimondiu in a time of 2:08:52 hours and the women's race was won by Catherine Ndereba, also of Kenya, in 2:18:47. Ndereba's time was a new marathon world record, improving 59 seconds on the time of Naoko Takahashi, set only one week earlier at the 2001 Berlin Marathon. Ndereba's record lasted until the 2002 Chicago Marathon, where Paula Radcliffe set a world record on the Chicago course for a second year running.

2001 Berlin Marathon
The 2001 Berlin Marathon was the 28th running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, Germany, held on 30 September 2001. Kenya's Joseph Ngolepus (entering as a pacemaker) won the men's race in 2:08:47 hours. The women's race was won by Japan's Naoko Takahashi in a world record time of 2:19:46, as she became the first woman to break the 2 hour 20 minute barrier.
Columbus, Ontario
Columbus is a community in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the city of Oshawa.

The main road is Columbus Rd. There is one church serving the area on Simcoe St. There is also a golf course. One bus serves the area on its way to Port Perry and Uxbridge from Durham College. It runs every two hours.

There are a few farms in the area dotting Ritson Road and Simcoe Street. The village's population is about 325. Most people commute to Oshawa or Toronto. The nearest grocery store is at Port Perry or Oshawa. Columbus is about 15 minutes from Oshawa and 60 minutes from Toronto.

Port Perry
Port Perry is a community located in Scugog, Ontario, Canada. The town is located 84 kilometres (52 mi) northeast of central Toronto, north of Oshawa, and east of Whitby. Port Perry has a population of 9,553 as of 2021.
Port Perry serves as the administrative and commercial centre for the township of Scugog. The town is home to a 24-bed hospital (Lakeridge Health Port Perry), Scugog Township's municipal offices and many retail establishments. Port Perry serves as a hub for many small communities in the Scugog area, such as Greenbank, Raglan, Caesarea, Blackstock and Nestleton/Nestleton Station. The Great Blue Heron Charitable Casino is a major employer. Located at the basin of the Trent-Severn Waterways is Lake Scugog, one of Ontario's largest man-made lakes.
Outline of Malaysia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Malaysia:

Malaysia is a sovereign country located on the Malay Peninsula and a northern portion of the Island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.  It comprises 13 states and three federal territories with a total land area of 329,847 square kilometres (127,355 sq mi).  The capital of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government.

The population stands at over 32 million. The country is separated into two regions—Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo—by the South China Sea. Malaysia borders Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The country is located near the equator and experiences a tropical climate.

Malaysia is headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and politically led by a Prime Minister. The government is closely modeled after the Westminster parliamentary system.

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Energy policy of Malaysia
The energy policy of Malaysia is determined by the Malaysian Government, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption. The Department of Electricity and Gas Supply acts as the regulator while other players in the energy sector include energy supply and service companies, research and development institutions and consumers. Government-linked companies Petronas and Tenaga Nasional Berhad are major players in Malaysia's energy sector.

Governmental agencies that contribute to the policy are the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga), and the Malaysia Energy Centre (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia).  Among the documents that the policy is based on are the 1974 Petroleum Development Act, 1975 National Petroleum Policy, 1980 National Depletion Policy, 1990 Electricity Supply Act, 1993 Gas Supply Acts, 1994 Electricity Regulations, 1997 Gas Supply Regulation and the 2001 Energy Commission Act.
The Scotsman Publications
The Scotsman Publications Limited (TSPL) was the holding company of The Scotsman, Scotland on Sunday, Edinburgh Evening News and Herald & Post newspapers, and of the Scotsman.com website.

The company was based in Edinburgh, Scotland.  In December 2005 it was sold by Press Holdings in a £160 million deal to Johnston Press.  Johnston Press entered administration in November 2018. All assets were acquired by JPIMedia.

Scotland on Sunday
Scotland on Sunday is a Scottish Sunday newspaper, published in Edinburgh by National World and consequently assuming the role of Sunday sister to its daily stablemate The Scotsman. It was originally printed in broadsheet format but in 2013 was relaunched as a tabloid.  Since this latest relaunch it comprises three parts, the newspaper itself which includes the original "Insight" section, a sports section and Spectrum magazine which incorporates At Home, originally a separate magazine.

It backed a 'No' vote in the referendum on Scottish independence.
Laguna Blanca School
Laguna Blanca School is a private school located on two different campuses, in Santa Barbara and nearby Montecito, California.

Founded in 1933, Laguna Blanca is an independent, co-educational, college-preparatory day school for students in grades K-12 in Santa Barbara.

Montecito, California
Montecito (archaic use of Spanish for woodland or countryside) is an unincorporated town in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, Montecito sits between the Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Montecito is best known for its concentration of prominent and wealthy residents. In 2024, the median home price was $7.5 million. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Montecito as a census-designated place (CDP). The population as of 2022 is approximately 8,638 residents.
MechCommander
MechCommander is a real-time tactics video game based on FASA's BattleTech/MechWarrior franchise, developed by FASA Interactive and distributed by MicroProse in 1998. An expansion pack, Desperate Measures, was released in 1999. A sequel, MechCommander 2, was released in 2001.

Real-time tactics
Real-time tactics (RTT) is a subgenre of tactical wargames played in real-time, simulating the considerations and circumstances of operational warfare and military tactics. It is differentiated from real-time strategy gameplay by the absence of classic resource micromanagement and base or unit building, and by the greater importance of individual units and a focus on complex battlefield tactics.
1918 League Island Marines football team
The 1918 League Island Marines football team represented the United States Marine Corps stationed at the League Island Navy Yard in Philadelphia during the 1918 college football season. The team was coached by Byron W. Dickson. A game scheduled for October 19 against Villanova was cancelled due to Spanish flu quarantine.

The 1919 edition of the Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide indicates that Dickson coached a Marine team that disbanded after beating Penn on October 26, and afterward, a League Island Navy Yard team was formed, which went 6–0 beginning with a victory over Lehigh on November 2. Contemporary newspapers accounts do not appear to make a distinction between the two teams.

1918 Lehigh Brown and White football team
The 1918 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1918 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Tom Keady, the team compiled a 4–4. Lehigh played home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
I masnadieri
I masnadieri (The Bandits or The Robbers) is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Andrea Maffei, based on the play Die Räuber by Friedrich von Schiller.
As Verdi became more successful in Italy, he began to receive offers from other opera houses outside the country. The London impresario Benjamin Lumley had presented Ernani in 1845 and, as a result of its success, commissioned an opera from the composer which became I masnadieri. It was given its first performance at Her Majesty's Theatre on 22 July 1847 with Verdi conducting the first two performances.

While reasonably successful there and in Italy up to the mid-1860s, the opera disappeared for about ninety years until revived in 1951. It has been staged and filmed several times in the 21st century.

Julian Budden
Julian Medforth Budden OBE FBA (9 April 1924 in Hoylake, Wirral – 28 February 2007 in Florence, Italy) was a British opera scholar, radio producer and broadcaster. He is particularly known for his three volumes on the operas of Giuseppe Verdi (published in 1973, 1978, and 1981), a single-volume biography in 1982 and a single-volume work on Giacomo Puccini and his operas in 2002. He is also the author of numerous entries in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
Rheinzabern
Rheinzabern is a small town in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany near the Rhine river.
Currently, Rheinzabern, that belongs to the District of Germersheim has approx. 5000 inhabitants living on an area of 12,75 square kilometres.

Germersheim (district)
Germersheim (German: [ˈɡɛʁmɐsˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Südliche Weinstraße, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the district Karlsruhe as well as the district-free city of Karlsruhe, and the French département Bas-Rhin.
Smart (Hey! Say! JUMP album)
Smart (stylized as S3ART) is the third studio album from Hey! Say! JUMP. It was released on June 18, 2014. After almost two years since Hey! Say! JUMP's second album JUMP World was released, it was announced that the group would release their third album on June 18, 2014. The album contains the singles: "Come On A My House", "Ride With Me", and "AinoArika". Three different versions of the album were released: a Regular Edition, Limited Edition 1 and 2. In addition, Hey! Say! JUMP held a live tour shortly after the album's release. It kicked off on August 2 at Osaka-jo Hall and wrapped up with a 3-day live at Yokohama Arena in October. Additionally, the second track from the 12th single, "Aisureba Motto Happy Life", will not be included in this album.

JUMP World
JUMP World is the second studio album by Hey! Say! JUMP. It was released in Japan on June 6, 2012, under the group's labels: Johnny & Associates and J Storm. The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan for shipping of 100,000+ copies.
Cocycle
In mathematics a cocycle is a closed cochain.  Cocycles are used in algebraic topology to express obstructions (for example, to integrating a differential equation on a closed manifold).  They are likewise used in group cohomology.  In autonomous dynamical systems, cocycles are used to describe particular kinds of map, as in Oseledets theorem.

Autonomous system (mathematics)
In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems.

Many laws in physics, where the independent variable is usually assumed to be time, are expressed as autonomous systems because it is assumed the laws of nature which hold now are identical to those for any point in the past or future.
PHI-base
The Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base) is a biological database that contains manually curated information on genes experimentally proven to affect the outcome of pathogen-host interactions. The database has been maintained by researchers at Rothamsted Research and external collaborators since 2005. 
PHI-base has been part of the UK node of ELIXIR, the European life-science infrastructure for biological information, since 2016.

Rothamsted Research
Rothamsted Research, previously known as the Rothamsted Experimental Station and then the Institute of Arable Crops Research, is one of the oldest agricultural research institutions in the world, having been founded in 1843. It is located at Harpenden in the English county of Hertfordshire and is a registered charity under English law.

Two of the station's best known and longest-running experiments are the Broadbalk Experiment, planted annually with winter wheat since 1843, and the Park Grass Experiment, a biological study that started in 1856 and has been continuously monitored ever since.

51°48′33″N 0°21′19″W﻿ / ﻿51.80917°N 0.35528°W﻿ / 51.80917; -0.35528
Volkswagen Golf Mk8
The Volkswagen Golf (Mk8) (also known as the Golf VIII) is a compact car, the eighth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk7. It was launched in Wolfsburg on 24 October 2019, and arrived in German showrooms in December 2019.

The Golf Mk8 uses the same MQB Evo platform as the fourth-generation Audi A3 and SEAT León.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Kris (Romani court)
Krisi (Romani: kris) or Krisi-Romani is a traditional court for conflict resolution in the culture of Vlax branch of the Romani people. The term derives from the Greek language, "κρίση" (judgment). It is a key institution for enforcing the Romani Code (Romani: romano zakono; zakonuri) within Romanipen. It developed in the area of present-day Romania, during the times of the slavery, as a judicial institution of the local Romanies, in order to enforce the community cohesion and its internal balance. After the abolition, from the half of the 19th century onwards, many Vlax Romanies emigrated in the rest of the world, bringing with them the krisi as part of their cultural luggage. More or less formal proceedings exist also among other Romani branches. Some non-Vlax Romanies adopted this institution, like the Drzara from Sweden (originally from Serbia), in contact with the local Kalderash.

Vlax Romani language
Vlax Romani varieties are spoken mainly in Southeastern Europe by the Romani people. Vlax Romani can also be referred to as an independent language or as one dialect of the Romani language. Vlax Romani is the second most widely spoken dialect subgroup of the Romani language worldwide, after Balkan Romani.
Noah Star Navigation 2024
NOAH Star Navigation 2024 was a multiple-night professional wrestling event promoted by CyberFight's sub-brand Pro Wrestling Noah and took place on January 13, February 23, March 31, and April 11, 2024, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Korakuen Hall. Broadcasting was made on CyberAgent's AbemaTV online linear television service and CyberFight's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship
The Global Honored Crown (GHC) Junior Heavyweight Championship (Japanese: GHCジュニアヘビー級王座, Hepburn: GHC Junia Hebī-kyū Ōza) is a professional wrestling title in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah, contested exclusively among junior heavyweight (<100 kg) wrestlers. It was created in 2001 when Yoshinobu Kanemaru defeated Juventud Guerrera in a 12-man tournament final. In addition to Japan, the title has also been defended in the United States, United Kingdom and Germany.

As of July 13, 2024, there have been a total of 60 reigns shared between 29 different champions. The current champion is Amakusa, who is in his third reign. He won the title by defeating Hiromu Takahashi at Noah The New Year 2026.
Kevin P. Engler
Kevin P. Engler (born June 23, 1959) is an American politician. As a Republican, he was elected St. Francois County Clerk in November 2018. He represented District 116 in the Missouri House of Representatives from January 2013 to January 2019. He previously represented District 3 in the Missouri Senate from 2005 to 2013, becoming Majority leader in January 2009. He was also a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2003 through 2005.

Farmington, Missouri
Farmington is a city in and the county seat of St. Francois, Missouri, United States. It is in the Lead Belt region in Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,217. Farmington was established in 1822 as Murphy's Settlement, named for William Murphy of Kentucky, who first visited the site in 1798. When St. Francois County was organized, the town was briefly called St. Francois Court House and later renamed to Farmington.