hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kobzarstvo
Kobzarstvo (Ukrainian: Кобзарство) in the wider definition, is the art and related culture of singing to the accompaniment of the Ukrainian plucked string instruments bandura and kobza, as well as the Ukrainian hurdy-gurdy, which is called lira.

More specifically, it deals with the related culture of the blind professional itinerant folk singers, known as the kobzars and the lirnyks. It includes their musical genres, style of performing, playing techniques, customs, secret language (known as Lebiy), organization and para-religious traditions.

The study of kobzarstvo initially started in the mid-18th century and continues to this day.

The wider definition, although not accurate, it can also include the culture of the more modern non-blind conservatory trained musicians and bandura ensembles - both amateur and professional.

Bandura
A bandura (Ukrainian: бандура [bɐnˈdurɐ] ⓘ) is a Ukrainian plucked-string folk-instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often called a kobza. Early instruments (c. 1700) had 5 to 12 strings and resembled lutes. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased initially to 31 strings (1926), then to 56 strings – 68 strings on modern "concert" instruments (1954).

Musicians who play the bandura are referred to as bandurists. In the 19th and early 20th centuries traditional bandura players, often blind, were called kobzars. It is suggested that the instrument developed as a hybrid of gusli (Eastern-European psaltery) and kobza (Eastern-European lute). Some also consider the kobza as a type or an instrument resembling the bandura. The term bandura occurs in Polish chronicles from 1441. The hybridization, however, occurred in the late-18th or early-19th centuries.
1898 Iowa State Normals football team
The 1898 Iowa State Normals football team represented Iowa State Normal School (later renamed University of Northern Iowa) as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Kalita E. Leighton, the team compiled a 4–0–1 record, including an 11–5 victory over the Iowa Hawkeyes, and outscored all opponents by a total of 92 to 5.

1898 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1898 Iowa Hawkeyes football team was an American football team that represented the State University of Iowa ("S.U.I."), now commonly known as the University of Iowa, as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In their first year under head coach Alden Knipe, the Hawkeyes compiled a 3–4–2 record. Iowa became an independent for the 1898 and 1899 seasons after the dissolution of the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA).

Fullback Samuel Hobbs was the team captain. The team played its home games at Iowa Field in Iowa City, Iowa.
Crossmaglen Rangers GAC
Crossmaglen Rangers Gaelic Athletic Club (Irish: Raonaithe na Croise) is a GAA club in Crossmaglen, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. They cater for Gaelic football and camogie. Their home football ground is St. Oliver Plunkett Park, which was opened in 1959. In 1971 the British Army took possession of a portion of the ground despite opposition from the club and the Irish Government, and this led to a controversy regarding the British Army's conduct.

The club have won the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship on six occasions. They have won the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship 11 times and won the Armagh Senior Football Championship 47 times.

GAA GPA All Stars Awards
The Gaelic Athletic Association–Gaelic Players' Association All Stars Awards (often known simply as the All Stars) are presented annually to the best player in each of the 15 playing positions in Gaelic football and hurling. Additionally, one person in each code is selected as Player of the Year.

The awards were instituted in 1971. Since 2011 they have been presented jointly by the Gaelic Athletic Association and the representative body for inter-county players, the Gaelic Players Association.

Each player who receives a nomination is given a medallion marking the milestone.

It is considered "the most coveted sporting award scheme in the country". Equivalent awards exist for ladies' football, rounders and camogie.
Israel Williams
Israel Williams (1709–1788) was an American educator and judge who founded Williams College  in 1793 by bequest of Ephraim Williams. Williams and John Worthington were the executors of the will.

Israel Williams was half-brother of Elisha Williams.

Ephraim Williams
Ephraim Williams Jr. (March 7, 1715 [O.S. February 24, 1714] – September 8, 1755) was an American landowner and militia officer from the Province of Massachusetts Bay who was killed in the French and Indian War. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, he was the benefactor of Williams College, located in northwestern Massachusetts. The school's athletic programs, the Ephs, are named after Williams.
Pasjak, Matulji
Pasjak (Italian: Passiacco) is a village in Croatia, located on the border with Slovenia. Just north of the village is the northern endpoint of the D8 highway, at the eponymous Pasjak border crossing. The village is part of the Matulji municipality, in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County.

Matulji
Matulji is a municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, northwestern Croatia. It is located 10 kilometers (6 mi) west of the city of Rijeka, north of the town of Opatija, and it borders Slovenia. Matulji is first mentioned in written historical sources in the middle of the 17th century, and it is preceded by the surname Matulja, which was originally recorded as Matuglia. As early as the beginning of the 19th century, official documents recorded the name of the settlement in its current form – Matulji.
Fajã de Fernando Afonso
The Fajã de Fernando Afonso is a permanent debris field formed by collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Rosais, in the municipality of Velas, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Velas, Azores
Velas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvɛlɐʃ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the São Jorge Island, in the Portuguese autonomous region of Azores. The municipality encompasses the western portion of the island, with its municipal seat in the town of Velas on the south coast, and is divided into six parishes. The population in 2011 was 5,398, in an area of 117.38 km².
Personal Digital Cellular
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) was a 2G mobile telecommunications standard used exclusively in Japan.

After a peak of nearly 80 million subscribers to PDC, it had 46 million subscribers in December 2005, and was slowly phased out in favor of 3G technologies like W-CDMA and CDMA2000. At the end of March 2012, the count had dwindled down to almost 200,000 subscribers. NTT Docomo shut down their network, mova, on April 1, 2012 at midnight.

Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japanese: 電波産業会, Hepburn: Denpa sangyō-kai), commonly known as ARIB (アライブ, araibu), is a standardization organization in Japan. ARIB is designated as the center for promotion of the efficient use of the radio spectrum and the designated frequency change support agency. Its activities include those previously performed by the Research and Development Center for Radio Systems (RCR) and the Broadcasting Technology Association (BTA).

ARIB is a participating standards organization of the Global Standards Collaboration initiative and an organizational partner of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Presidency of Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Kirchner became President of Argentina on 25 May 2003. He was the governor of Santa Cruz Province during the 2003 general election, he was elected second to Carlos Menem but became president when Menem refused to go for a required runoff election. He declined for a second term and was later succeeded by his wife, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner as president, on 10 December 2007.

2003 Argentine general election
General elections were held in Argentina on 27 April 2003. Turnout was 78.2%.  No one presidential candidate gained enough votes to win outright, but the scheduled runoff was cancelled when former president and first-round winner Carlos Menem pulled out just 4 days before the planned runoff on 18 May, handing the presidency to runner-up, Santa Cruz Province Governor Néstor Kirchner of the Front for Victory. Legislative elections were held on 12 dates, 27 April, 24 August, 31 August, 7 September, 14 September, 28 September, 5 October, 19 October, 26 October, 9 November, 16 November and 23 November. As of 2023, this marked the last time that both the president-elect and vice president-elect ticket were both men.
Suzuki H engine
The H family is a line of automobile 60° V6 engines from Suzuki. Ranging in displacement from 2.0 to 2.7 L (1,998 to 2,736 cc), the H family was a modern all-aluminum engine with dual overhead cams, 24 valves, and multi-port fuel injection. It was co-developed with Mazda and Toyota, which used a similar design in their 2.0 L KF V6 and the Toyota VZ engine. The H family was introduced in 1994 with the H20, but Suzuki, Toyota and Mazda's designs diverged greatly with the former increasing displacement and the latter experimenting with alternative induction technologies and smaller engine sizes. The four-cylinder J engine, which appeared in 1996, shared parts and design with the H family.

Suzuki XL-7
The Suzuki XL-7 (styled as XL7 for the second generation) is a mid-size SUV sold by Suzuki from 1998 to 2009, over two generations. Slotted above the Grand Vitara in Suzuki's lineup, the XL-7 offered three-row seating. XL-7 stands for "Xtra Large 7-seater".
Tin Sau stop
Tin Sau (Chinese: 天秀) is an MTR Light Rail stop. It is located at ground level at the junction of Tin Sau Road and Tin Kwai Road, near Vianni Cove, in Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long District. It began service on 7 December 2003 and belongs to Zone 5A.

Light Rail (MTR)
The Light Rail, also known as the Light Rail Transit (LRT) (and formerly known as KCR Light Rail until 2 December 2007), officially the North-West Railway, is a light rail system in Hong Kong, serving the northwestern New Territories, within Tuen Mun District and Yuen Long District. The system operates over 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track, using 750 V DC overhead power supply. It was once one of four systems comprising the KCR network in Hong Kong, before the MTR–KCR merger in 2007. It has a daily ridership of about 483,000 people. The network is coloured goldenrod on the MTR map.
The Squire (Canterbury Tales)
The Squire is a fictional character in the framing narrative of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.  He is squire to (and son of) the Knight and is the narrator of The Squire's Tale or Cambuscan. 
The Squire is one of the secular pilgrims, of the military group (The Squire, The Knight and The Yeoman).  The Knight and the Squire are the pilgrims with the highest social status.  However his tale, interrupted as it is, is paired with that of the Franklin.  The Squire (along with The Shipman and The Summoner) is a candidate for the interrupter of The Host in the epilogue of the Man of Law's Tale.

The Squire is the second pilgrim described in the General Prologue.  His tale is told eleventh, after the Merchant and before the Franklin – the first of group F, and considered by modern scholars one of the marriage tales.

The Host (Canterbury Tales)
The Host (Harry Bailly or Harry Bailey) is a character who plays a key role in and throughout Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. He is the owner of the Tabard Inn in London, where the pilgrimage begins and he agrees to travel on the pilgrimage, and promises to judge both the tales the pilgrims tell, and disputes among the pilgrims.

He discusses his marriage to his absent wife, Goodelief, when commenting on The Tale of Melibee with its message of patience . The Host says Goodelief is herself extremely impatient and speedy in urging him to violent revenge. Her name Goodelief may be a real name or just meaning, perhaps ironically, good dear one.
Intoxication in English law
Intoxication in English law is a circumstance which may alter the capacity of a defendant to form mens rea, where a charge is one of specific intent, or may entirely negate mens rea where the intoxication is involuntary. The fact that a defendant is intoxicated in the commission of a crime — whether voluntarily or not — has never been regarded as a full defence to criminal proceedings (unlike statutory defences such as self defence). Its development at common law has been shaped by the acceptance that intoxicated individuals do not think or act as rationally as they would otherwise, but also by a public policy necessity to punish individuals who commit crimes.

Self-defence in English law
Self-defence is a defence permitting reasonable force to be used to defend one's self or another. This defence arises from both common law and the Criminal Law Act 1967. Self-defence is a justification defence rather than excuse.
Cycling at the Summer World University Games
Cycling competitions were staged at the Summer Universiades in 1983 and 2011 as an optional sport. In 1983, road cycling and track cycling events were competed. Mountain biking and BMX cycling disciplines were introduced in 2011.

Cycling at the 2011 Summer Universiade
Cycling was contested at the 2011 Summer Universiade from August 13 to August 20 at the Cycling Courses of Longgang Sports Center in Shenzhen, China. Men's and women's individual and team events were held.
St. Birgitta's Church
St. Birgitta's Church (Swedish: Sankta Birgitta kyrka, Finnish: Uudenkaarlepyyn kirkko) is a wooden church in the city of Nykarleby, Ostrobothnia, Finland. It was built in 1708. Nowadays it is one of the biggest attractions in the city. The ceiling paintings in the church were designed by Daniel Hjulström and Johan Alm and date back to the 18th century.

Nykarleby
Nykarleby (Finland Swedish: [nyˈkɑːrleˌbyː]; Finnish: Uusikaarlepyy, Finnish: [ˈuːsiˌkɑːrlepyː]) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. The town is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population is approximately 7,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 52,000. It is the 127th most populous municipality in Finland.

Nykarleby is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 7% Finnish speakers, 84% Swedish speakers, and 10% speakers of other languages.

The largest employers in the town are Prevex (member of KWH Group), a packaging and piping products manufacturer, Westwood, which manufactures wooden staircases, and in the village of Jeppo, KWH Mirka, a coated abrasives manufacturer. A Swedish-speaking art school (Svenska Konstskolan) is located in Nykarleby town.
Listed buildings in Framlingham
Framlingham is a town and civil parish in the East Suffolk District of Suffolk, England. It contains 137 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these three are grade I, ten are grade II* and 124 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Framlingham
Framlingham is a market town and civil parish  in Suffolk, England. 
Of Anglo-Saxon origin, it appears in the 1086 Domesday Book and was part of Loes Hundred. The parish had a population of 3,342 at the 2011 census and an estimated 4,016 in 2019. Nearby villages include Earl Soham, Kettleburgh, Parham, Saxtead and Sweffling.
Government Inter College Faizabad
Government Inter College, Ayodhya or GIC-Ayodhya is one of the oldest middle schools of Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 1883.

GIC Ayodhya is governed by Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj.

Uttar Pradesh State Board of High School and Intermediate Education
The Uttar Pradesh State Board of High School and Intermediate Education (Hindi: उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य हाइ स्कूल और इंटरमीडिएट शिक्षा बोर्ड) is the Uttar Pradesh state government administered autonomous examining authority for the Standard 10 examination headquartered in Prayagraj, India. The examination for the 10th and 12th standard is called the High school examination and Intermediate examination respectively.
The High school and Intermediate examinations are conducted annually and simultaneously all over the state of Uttar Pradesh. 
The Board holds the examinations and prepares the results of nearly 70,00,000 students.
Classes are mainly starts from 9th standard in UP Board
Oospira duci
Oospira duci is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

This land snail, which was described in 2007, lives in limestone areas in Vietnam. The species was described from just one shell, and thus no details of the anatomy of the soft parts or the radula could be provided. The shell is decollate (which means that several of the earlier whorls have been shed and the shell sealed off anew) making the spire blunt-ended.

The specific name duci is in honor of the biologist Le Thien Duc.

Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
Jalatunda
Jalatunda (Indonesian pronunciation: [d͡ʒalaˈt̪unda]) is a village in the town of Mandiraja, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This village has an area of 684.66 hectares and a population of 4,365 inhabitants in 2010.

Mandiraja, Banjarnegara
Mandiraja (Indonesian pronunciation: [mandiˈrad͡ʒa]) is a district (kecamatan) in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The district has an area of 52.62 km², with a population of 78,090 people at the 2020 Indonesian population census, and which was officially estimated to have reached 83,462 in mid 2024. Mandiraja is also 6 km east of the General Sudirman Airport.
Benevento Calcio
Benevento Calcio, commonly referred to as Benevento, is an Italian professional football club based in Benevento, Campania. The club was originally founded in 1929 and then re-founded in 2005. They currently compete in Serie C, having been relegated from Serie B in the 2022–23 season.

2007–08 Serie C2
The 2007–08 Serie C2 season was the thirtieth football (soccer) league season of Italian Serie C2 since its establishment in  1978 . It was divided into two phases: the regular season, played from September 2007 to May 2008, and the playoff phase from May to June 2008.

The league was composed of 54 teams divided into three divisions of 18 teams each, whose teams will be divided geographically.

Teams finishing first in the regular season, plus one team winning the playoff round from each division were promoted to Serie C1; teams finishing last in the regular season, plus two relegation playoff losers from each division were relegated to Serie D.  In all, six teams were promoted to Serie C1, and nine teams were relegated to Serie D.
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Minor
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the Younger or Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Minor (/ˈlɛpɪdəs/; died 30 BC) was a son of triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and his wife Junia Secunda, a half-sister of Caesar's assassin and friend Brutus. Lepidus was executed by Octavian, the future Roman Emperor, in 30 BC, as a leader in a conspiracy against him. Velleius says that his wife Servilia committed suicide after her husband's death by swallowing burning hot coals.

Lepidus had at least one younger brother and possibly a sister. He was likely the son whom his father had once engaged to Mark Antony's eldest daughter Antonia. He sat in the Roman Senate and was married to Servilia, who may have been the daughter of the Caesarian P. Servilius Isauricus and Junia Prima, his aunt.

Servilia (mother of Brutus)
Servilia (c. 100 BC – after 42 BC) was a Roman matron from a distinguished family, the Servilii Caepiones. She was the daughter of Quintus Servilius Caepio and Livia, thus the maternal half-sister of Cato the Younger. She married Marcus Junius Brutus, with whom she had a son, the Brutus who, along with others in the Senate, assassinated Julius Caesar. After her first husband's death in 77 BC, she married Decimus Junius Silanus, and with him had a son and three daughters.

She gained fame as the mistress of Julius Caesar, whom her son Brutus and son-in-law Gaius Cassius Longinus would assassinate in 44 BC. Her affair with Caesar seems to have been publicly known in Rome at the time. Plutarch stated that she in turn was madly in love with Caesar. The relationship between the two probably started in 59 BC, after the death of Servilia's second husband although Plutarch implied it began when they were teenagers.
Temagami Occurrence
The Temagami Occurrence is a geological occurrence in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located near the southern end of Kanichee Lake in west-central Strathy Township. It is named after Temagami, the municipality in which the occurrence is located in.

Gold and silver are the occurrence's primary commodities, while arsenic, zinc and copper are secondary commodities. Felsic metavolcanic rocks and mafic intrusive rocks are cut by silicified zones and veins. A zone of diorite with a maximum width of 0.75 m (2.5 ft) has been assayed to have up to 0.34 oz (9.6 g) of gold per ton. A sulfide-rich vein has been assayed to have 1.72 oz (49 g) of gold per ton and 14.80 oz (420 g) of silver per ton. Trenches, open pits and stripped areas are present in the Temagami Occurrence from past mining operations.

Strathy Township
Strathy Township is a square-shaped geographic township comprising a portion of the municipality of Temagami in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is used for geographic purposes, such as land surveying and natural resource explorations. At least four other geographic townships surround Strathy Township, namely Best Township, Cassels Township, Strathcona Township and Chambers Township.
Silas Nacita
Silas Nacita (born 1993), nicknamed the Swiss Army Knife, is a former American football running back. He played college football at Cornell Big Red, before leaving the program and transferring to walk on at Baylor where he earned playing time during the 2014 season rushing for 191 yards and three touchdowns and a 6.2 yards per carry average. Nacita would be ruled ineligible by the NCAA and not allowed to play at the college level. He would first sign to play professionally in the German Football League (GFL) for the Marburg Mercenaries and Frankfurt Universe. He has also played for top-level teams in the Italian Football League and for the Danube Dragons in the Austrian Football League (AFL). He finished his career playing for the Helvetic Guards of the European League of Football (ELF).

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.