hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of web syndication technology
Web syndication technologies were preceded by metadata standards such as the Meta Content Framework (MCF) and the Resource Description Framework (RDF), as well as by push specifications such as the Channel Definition Format (CDF). Early web syndication standards included the Information and Content Exchange (ICE) and RSS. More recent specifications include Atom and GData.

Google Data Protocol
GData (Google Data Protocol) provides a simple protocol for reading and writing data on the Internet, designed by Google. GData combines common XML-based syndication formats (Atom and RSS) with a feed-publishing system based on the Atom Publishing Protocol, plus some extensions for handling queries. It relies on XML or JSON as a data format.

According to the Google Developers portal, "The Google Data Protocol is a REST-inspired technology for reading, writing, and modifying information on the web. It is used in some older Google APIs." However, "Most Google APIs are not Google Data APIs."

Google provides GData client libraries for Java, JavaScript, .NET, PHP, Python, and Objective-C.
Colima (city)
Colima (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlima]), located in west−central Mexico, is the capital of the state of the same name and the seat of the municipality of the same name. It is the easternmost and second-largest municipality of Colima, behind Manzanillo. It is located near the Colima volcano, which divides the state from Jalisco. The city of Colima is part of the Colima metropolitan area which also includes Villa de Álvarez and other municipalities.

In 2011, FDI Intelligence, a subsidiary of the Financial Times of London, ranked Colima first in small cities and tenth in Latin America as a place to live. It was evaluated under six categories: economic potential, human resources, cost-benefit ratio, quality of life, infrastructure and favorable business environment. In 2022, however, Colima was ranked as the murder capital of the world with a homicide rate of 182 per 100,000.

Manzanillo Municipality, Colima
Manzanillo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Colima, being the largest, most populous, and westernmost municipality in Colima. 
The municipal seat lies at Manzanillo. The municipality covers an area of 1,578.3 km2 (609.4 sq mi), which also includes the remote Revillagigedo Islands.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 161,420.
Catherine Carey
Catherine Carey, after her marriage Catherine Knollys and later known as both Lady Knollys  and Dame Catherine Knollys (c. 1524 – 15 January 1569), was chief Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I, who was her first cousin.

Alison Prince
Alison Prince (26 March 1931 – 12 October 2019) was a British children's writer, screenwriter and biographer, who settled on the Isle of Arran in Scotland. Her novels for young people won several awards. She was the scriptwriter of the much repeated children's television series Trumpton.
Info-gap decision theory
Info-gap decision theory seeks to optimize robustness to failure under severe uncertainty, in particular applying sensitivity analysis of the stability radius type to perturbations in the value of a given estimate of the parameter of interest. It has some connections with Wald's maximin model; some authors distinguish them, others consider them instances of the same principle.

It was developed by Yakov Ben-Haim, and has found many applications and described as a theory for decision-making under "severe uncertainty".  It has been criticized as unsuited for this purpose, and alternatives proposed, including such classical approaches as robust optimization.

Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods have been developed for many common problems, such as estimating location, scale, and regression parameters. One motivation is to produce statistical methods that are not unduly affected by outliers. Another motivation is to provide methods with good performance when there are small departures from a parametric distribution. For example, robust methods work well for mixtures of two normal distributions with different standard deviations; under this model, non-robust methods like a t-test work poorly.
France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "L'enfer et moi" written by Boris Bergman and David Salkin, and performed by Amandine Bourgeois. The French broadcaster France Télévisions in collaboration with the television channel France 3 internally selected the French entry for the 2013 contest in Malmö, Sweden. "L'enfer et moi" was officially announced by France 3 as the French entry on 22 January 2013 and later the song was presented to the public as the contest entry on 13 March 2013.

As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing as the opening entry during the show in position 1, France placed twenty-third out of the 26 participating countries with 14 points.

France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 with the song "Echo (You and I)" written by William Rousseau, Jean-Pierre Pilot and Anggun, and performed by Anggun. The French broadcaster France Télévisions in collaboration with the television channel France 3 internally selected the French entry for the 2012 contest in Baku, Azerbaijan. Anggun was officially announced by France 3 as the French entrant on 29 November 2011 and later the song was presented to the public as the contest entry during a press conference on 29 January 2012.

As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 9, France placed twenty-second out of the 26 participating countries with 21 points.
Garde manger
A garde manger (French: [gaʁd mɑ̃ʒe]) is a cool, well-ventilated area where savory cold dishes (such as salads, hors d'œuvres, appetizers, canapés, pâtés, and terrines) are prepared and other foods are stored under refrigeration.: 3

The person in charge of this area, and all of the savory cold foods served by the restaurant, is known as the chef garde manger, or pantry chef.: 3  Larger hotels and restaurants may have garde manger staff to perform additional duties, such as creating decorative elements of buffet presentation like ice carving and edible centerpieces.

Ice sculpture
Ice sculpture is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material. Sculptures from ice can be abstract or realistic and can be functional or purely decorative. Ice sculptures are generally associated with special or extravagant events because of their limited lifetime.

The lifetime of a sculpture is determined primarily by the temperature of its environment, thus a sculpture can last from mere minutes to possibly months. There are several ice festivals held around the world, hosting competitions of ice sculpture carving.
Dubois-Phelps House
The Dubois-Phelps House is a farmhouse located off Wallkill Road outside of the village of Walden in the Town of Montgomery, New York, United States. It is in the center of Riverside Farm, close to the Wallkill River.

The original farmhouse was built sometime in the 18th century. In 1851, Nathaniel DuBois bought it and renovated it extensively in the Greek Revival style, creating the building as it exists today. The Phelps family, its current occupant, bought the property from his descendants in 1922.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Walden, New York
Walden is the largest of three villages of the town of Montgomery in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 6,818 at the 2020 census. It has the ZIP Code 12586 and the 778 telephone exchange within the 845 area code. Walden is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area.

The precursor to the village began in the early 18th century as a mill town along the Wallkill River. One miller, Jacob Walden, was so successful the village that incorporated in the mid-19th century took its name from him. Later, it would be the village's three knife manufacturers that brought it growth and prosperity. They are gone today, but other industrial concerns remain.
Adarme
The adarme is an antiquated Spanish unit of mass, equal to three tomines, equivalent to 1⁄16 ounce (1.8 grams). The term derives from the Arabic درهم, parallel with drachm and the Greek δραχμἠ and persists in Spanish as an idiom for something insignificant or which exists in small quantity.

Dram (unit)
The dram (alternative British spelling drachm; apothecary symbol ʒ or ℨ; abbreviated dr): C-6–C-7  is a unit of mass in the avoirdupois system, and both a unit of mass and a unit of volume in the apothecaries' system. It was originally both a coin and a weight in ancient Greece. The unit of volume is more correctly called a fluid dram, fluid drachm, fluidram or fluidrachm (abbreviated fl dr, ƒ 3, or fʒ).: C-17
Cavistrau
The Cavistrau is a mountain consisting of two summits in the Glarus Alps, overlooking Brigels and Trun in canton of Graubünden. The mountain belongs to the Brigelser Hörner, of which Cavistrau Grond (3251 m) is the highest and Cavistrau Pign (3219 m), just 230 metres to its east side, the second highest. To its northern side above Val Frisal lies a nameless firn field.

The Cavistrau Grond is the highest mountain of the Glarus Alps lying entirely in Graubünden. The border with the canton of canton of Glarus is located a few kilometres north, across Val Frisal.

Trun, Switzerland
Trun is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of the Grisons in Switzerland.  The municipality of Schlans merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Trun.

The village was formerly known as Truns and is referred to by that name in some older sources.
Corran, Loch Hourn
Corran (Scottish Gaelic: An Corran) is a hamlet on the northern shore of Loch Hourn, in Lochalsh in Inverness-shire in the Highlands of Scotland. It is situated at the foot of Glen Arnisdale, where the River Arnisdale flows past into Loch Hourn.

Corran is at the end of a minor road, about 1 km past the village of Arnisdale. A footpath continues to Kinloch Hourn.

Arnisdale
Arnisdale (Scottish Gaelic: Àrnasdal) is a hamlet in the historic county of Inverness-shire in the local authority area of  Highlands of Scotland. It lies on the north shore of Loch Hourn, around 10 miles (16 kilometres) down a single-track road from Glenelg. It has a permanent population of around 30 and several holiday cottages. At the end of the community is a large white-painted hunting lodge called Arnisdale House, built by architects Robert John Macbeth & Alexander Ross in 1898–1916. The house was built for Valentine Fleming of the banking family (father of the writer and explorer Peter Fleming and of Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond), who was killed in action in World War I, a year after the house was completed.

Arnisdale is in the Highland Council area.
2025 Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2025 Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship was the thirty-sixth staging of the Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship since its current establishment by the Westmeath County Board in 1985.

The first round draws of games were streamed live via YouTube on April 3, with the full schedule released via Facebook.

A total of six teams contest the Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship. Castletown Geoghegan return after being relegated from last year's Senior B championship, replacing Brownstown, who were promoted as last year's champions.

Clonkill, Raharney, Southern Gaels, St Brigid's, and Turin round out the field.

St Brigid's won the championship, defeating Turin 2-17 - 0-18 in Cusack Park for their sixth overall title, and promotion to Senior B for next year.

Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Slevin's Coaches Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Westmeath IHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Westmeath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 1985 for the third tier hurling teams in the county of Westmeath in Ireland.

In its current format, the Westmeath Intermediate Hurling Championship begins with a group stage. The six participating teams play each other in a round-robin system. The four top-ranking teams proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match at TEG Cusack Park.

St Oliver Plunkett's is the most successful team in the tournament's history, having won it six times. Brownstown are the title holders after defeating Southern Gaels by 6–17 to 3–08 in the 2024 final.
2010 LH15
2010 LH15 is an unnamed active asteroid located in the outer main asteroid belt. It was first discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellite between 3 and 9 June 2010, and later on October 2010 by the Catalina Sky Survey, the latter of which mistakenly identified it as a separate object named 2010 TJ175. In 2023, Colin O. Chandler later reported that cometary activity was detected from DECam imagery taken in September 2019, likely caused by sublimation of material from its surface.

Active asteroid
Active asteroids are small Solar System bodies that have asteroid-like orbits but show comet-like visual characteristics. That is, they show a coma, tail, or other visual evidence of mass-loss (like a comet), but their orbits remain within Jupiter's orbit (like an asteroid). These bodies were originally designated main-belt comets (MBCs) in 2006 by astronomers David C. Jewitt and Henry Hsieh, but this name implies they are necessarily icy in composition like a comet and that they only exist within the main-belt, whereas the growing population of active asteroids shows that this is not always the case.

The first active asteroid discovered is 7968 Elst–Pizarro. It was discovered (as an asteroid) in 1979 but then was found to have a tail by Eric Elst and Guido Pizarro in 1996 and given the cometary designation 133P/Elst–Pizarro.
Union Freight Railroad
The Union Freight Railroad was a freight-only railroad connecting the railroads coming into the north and south sides of downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Almost its entire length was along Atlantic Avenue and Commercial Street. For most of its length, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated carried passengers above.

Fitchburg Railroad
The Fitchburg Railroad is a former railroad company, which built a railroad line across northern Massachusetts, United States, leading to and through the Hoosac Tunnel. The Fitchburg was leased to the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1900. The main line from Boston to Fitchburg is now operated as the MBTA Fitchburg Line; Pan Am Railways runs freight service on some other portions.
Fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication is a form of optical communication for transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared or visible light through an optical fiber. The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Fiber is preferred over electrical cabling when high bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electromagnetic interference is required. This type of communication can transmit voice, video, and telemetry through local area networks or across long distances.

Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached a record bandwidth–distance product of over 100 petabit × kilometers per second using fiber-optic communication.

Soliton (optics)
In optics, the term soliton is used to refer to any optical field that does not change during propagation because of a delicate balance between nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. There are two main kinds of solitons:

spatial solitons: the nonlinear effect can balance the dispersion. The electromagnetic field can change the refractive index of the medium while propagating, thus creating a structure similar to a graded-index fiber. If the field is also a propagating mode of the guide it has created, then it will remain confined and it will propagate without changing its shape

temporal solitons: if the electromagnetic field is already spatially confined, it is possible to send pulses that will not change their shape because the nonlinear effects will balance the dispersion. Those solitons were discovered first and they are often simply referred as "solitons" in optics.
Uremic pruritus
Uremic pruritus is caused by chronic kidney failure and is the most common internal systemic cause of itching.: 52–3

Nalfurafine, an orally administered, centrally acting κ-opioid receptor agonist, is approved to treat the condition in Japan.

Moisturizer
A moisturizer, or emollient, is a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin. These functions are normally performed by sebum produced by healthy skin. The word "emollient" is derived from the Latin verb mollire, to soften.
Gmina Jeziorany
Gmina Jeziorany is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jeziorany, which lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 213.51 square kilometres (82.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,140 (out of which the population of Jeziorany amounts to 3,376, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,764).

Jeziorany
Jeziorany ([jɛʑɔˈranɨ]; formerly also known in Polish as Zybork, German: Seeburg) is a town in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with 3,320 inhabitants (2010). It is located in the historic region of Warmia.

Jeziorany is a member of Cittaslow.

It was granted town rights based on Chełmno law in 1338. Historically, it was known in Polish both as Jeziorany and Zybork.
Neepawa (electoral district)
Neepawa was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1949.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Dauphin and Portage la Prairie  ridings. It was abolished in 1947 when it was redistributed into Brandon, Dauphin, Marquette and Portage—Neepawa ridings.

Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette
Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette (formerly known as Dauphin and Dauphin—Swan River) was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 2015. Its population in 2011 was 74,800. The riding became known as Dauphin—Swan River—Neepawa for the 2015 federal election.
Glenn Clark
Glenn Clark (born December 1, 1969, in Pickering, Ontario) is the head coach of the Oshawa FireWolves (previously the Albany FireWolves) and the former head coach of the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League. He was also a former NLL player. Clark played in the NLL from 1998-2006 for both the Rock and the Philadelphia Wings. With the Rock, Clark won five NLL Championships. He also appeared in three National Lacrosse League All-Star Games, two with the Rock, and one with the Wings. In 2003, Clark played for Team Canada as they won the World Indoor Lacrosse Championships. In 2011, he became goaltending coach for Team Canada.
Glenn played for the Eastenders ball hockey team out of Toronto, Ontario from 2013 to 2016

Off the floor, Clark was a former physical education teacher at Bayview Secondary School in Richmond Hill, Ontario before his retirement in 2019. He currently has 4 kids, one drafted in the 2022 NLL draft.

Canada men's national lacrosse team
The Canadian men's national lacrosse team represents Canada in men's international lacrosse competitions. The team is governed by the Canadian Lacrosse Association, which  is a member of World Lacrosse, the international governing body for lacrosse. Traditionally Canada has been one of the leading nations in international play, placing among the top three at the World Lacrosse Championship every year since the tournament's inaugural year in 1967. Canada has a long-standing rivalry with the United States national lacrosse team as they both frequently find themselves facing off against each other.

The team is primarily made up of professional players who compete in Premier Lacrosse League. However, many players also play in the National Lacrosse League and are members of Canada national indoor lacrosse team.

Past Team Canada squads have included lacrosse greats such as Gary Gait, Paul Gait and Tom Marechek.
Eigen Kweek
Eigen Kweek (English: Home Grown) was a 2013-2019 Belgian crime comedy television series on the Belgian channel Eén. It was the most watched TV programme in Flanders in 2013.

The show revolves around a family of local Belgian potato farmers, Jos (Dirk Van Dijck) and Ria Welvaert (Sien Eggers), who lost all their money and try to win it back by growing cannabis. For this reason, it has been called "the Breaking Bad of Flanders". A spin-off series, Chantal (2022) has Maaike Cafmeyer reprising her role as Ria's policewoman friend in the title role.

Heuvelland
Heuvelland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦøːvəlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the villages of Dranouter, Kemmel, De Klijte, Loker, Nieuwkerke, Westouter, Wijtschate and Wulvergem. Heuvelland is a thinly populated rural municipality, located between the small urban centres of Ypres and Poperinge and the metropolitan area of Kortrijk-Lille along the E17. On 1 January 2006 Heuvelland had a total population of 8,217. The total area is 94.24 km2 which gives a population density of 87 inhabitants per km2. The name heuvelland is Dutch meaning "hill country", as the municipality is characterized by the different hills on its territory.
Bay State Brawlers Roller Derby
Bay State Brawlers Roller Derby, (BSB), is a flat-track roller derby league based in the twin cities of Fitchburg and Leominster, Massachusetts. Founded in 2008, Bay State is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Leominster, Massachusetts
Leominster (/ˈlɛmənstər/ LEM-ən-stər) is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the second-largest city in Worcester County, with a population of 43,222 at the 2023 census. Leominster is located north of Worcester and northwest of Boston. Both Route 2 and Route 12 pass through Leominster. Interstate 190, Route 13, and Route 117 all have starting/ending points in Leominster. Leominster is bounded by Fitchburg and Lunenburg to the north, Lancaster to the east, Sterling and Princeton to the south, and Westminster to the west.
2021 Idaho State Bengals football team
The 2021 Idaho State Bengals football team represented Idaho State University in the Big Sky Conference during the 2021 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Rob Phenicie, the Bengals finished at 1–10 (1–7 in Big Sky, twelfth) and played their home games on campus at Holt Arena in Pocatello, Idaho.

After being shut out at home by intrastate rival Idaho in the season finale on November 20, Phenicie was fired with a cumulative record of 16–35 (.314).

2021 Idaho Vandals football team
The 2021 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the Big Sky Conference during the 2021 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Paul Petrino, the Vandals were 4–7 (3–5 in Big Sky, ninth), and played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome in Moscow, Idaho.

After the season, Petrino was fired with a cumulative record of 34–66 (.340); the 66 losses were the most in program history, fifteen more than Skip Stahley (1954–61).