hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eendrachtsplein metro station
Eendrachtsplein is an underground subway station in the center of Rotterdam. It is part of the Rotterdam Metro lines A, B, and C. The station is named after Eendracht Square (which is Eendrachtsplein in Dutch). It was opened on 10 May 1982. The station is located near several cultural hotspots, of which photos and location information are displayed on information panels on the station walls.

The station is between Dijkzigt and Beurs on the East-West Line (formerly Caland line). Nowadays lines A, B, and C serve the station.

Beurs metro station
Beurs is a major subway interchange station in the center of Rotterdam. Underneath Churchill Square (Dutch: Churchillplein), the two lines through the city center (lines A-B-C and lines D-E) intersect. Passengers for Rotterdam Central Station change here to line D or E if they started their journey on line A, B, or C.

All destinations within the network are accessible from Beurs. Since December 2011, it has also been incorporated into the new RandstadRail network, resulting in a direct connection to The Hague (line E).
Piaski, Gmina Konopnica
Piaski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpjaskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konopnica, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Konopnica, 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 61 km (38 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Konopnica, Wieluń County
Konopnica [kɔnɔpˈnit͡sa] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Konopnica. It lies approximately 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Wieluń and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located on the Warta River.
Taifa of Granada
The Taifa of Granada (Arabic: طائفة غرناطة, Ta'ifat Gharnata)  or Zirid Kingdom of Granada was a Muslim kingdom that was formed in al-Andalus (in present-day Spain) in 1013 following the deposition of Umayyad Caliph Hisham II in 1009. The kingdom was centered on Granada, its capital, and it also extended its control to Málaga for a period. Four kings succeeded each other during its nearly 80 years of existence, all of them belonging to an offshoot of the Zirid dynasty of North Africa, a Sanhaja Berber clan. The Taifa of Granada was considered to be the wealthiest out of all of the taifa kingdoms. It was eventually conquered by the Almoravids in 1090, putting an end to Zirid rule in Granada.

Hammudid dynasty
The Hammudid dynasty (Arabic: بنو حمود, romanized: Banū Ḥammūd) was an Arab Muslim family that briefly ruled the Caliphate of Córdoba and the taifas of Málaga and Algeciras and nominal control in Ceuta.
Aequorea vitrina
Aequorea vitrina, commonly called the crystal jellyfish, crystal jelly, lampshade or disk jellyfish, is a species of hydrozoan in the family Aequoreidae.

The specific name vitrina means "glassy", due to its transparent appearance; it should not be confused with Aequorea victoria, which is also sometimes called the crystal jelly.

Aequorea victoria
Aequorea victoria, also sometimes called the crystal jelly, is a bioluminescent hydrozoan jellyfish, or hydromedusa, that is found off the west coast of North America.

The species is best known as the source of aequorin (a photoprotein), and green fluorescent protein (GFP); two proteins involved in bioluminescence. Their discoverers, Osamu Shimomura and colleagues, won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on GFP.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine (Correggio, Detroit)
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine or Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine with Three Saints in a Landscape is a c. 1512 oil on panel painting by Correggio, now in the Detroit Institute of Arts. It is usually dated to the artist's youth, before Madonna and Child with St Francis (Dresden) and after Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine (Washington).

Madonna and Child with St Francis
Madonna and Child with St Francis or Madonna of St Francis is a 1514–1515 painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Correggio, now held in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden, Germany. It shows Francis of Assisi, with the stigmata, prostrating himself before an enthroned Madonna and Child - the work's theme is the intercession of the Madonna, which was promoted by the Franciscans after the definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1473. Francis is supported by Anthony of Padua, whilst on the right are Catherine of Alexandria and John the Baptist and on the base of the Madonna's throne is a small grisaille image of Moses with the tablets of the law. Catherine's wheel bears the painter's signature "Antonivs de Alegri F.[ecit]".
Tongue shape
In linguistics, specifically articulatory phonetics, tongue shape describes the shape that the tongue assumes when it makes a sound. Because the sibilant sounds have such a high perceptual prominence, tongue shape is particularly important; small changes in tongue shape are easily audible and can be used to produce different speech sounds, even within a given language.

For non-sibilant sounds, the relevant variations in tongue shape can be adequately described by the concept of secondary articulation, in particular palatalization (raising of the middle of the tongue), velarization (raising of the back of the tongue) and pharyngealization (retracting of the root of the tongue). Usually, only one secondary articulation can occur for a given sound.

In addition, the acoustic quality of velarization and pharyngealization is very similar so no language contrasts the two.

Secondary articulation
In phonetics, secondary articulation occurs when the articulation of a consonant is equivalent to the combined articulations of two or three simpler consonants, at least one of which is an approximant. The secondary articulation of such co-articulated consonants is the approximant-like articulation. It "colors" the primary articulation rather than obscuring it. Maledo (2011) defines secondary articulation as the superimposition of lesser stricture upon a primary articulation.
Thunder Glacier (Antarctica)
Thunder Glacier (64°50′S 63°24′W﻿ / ﻿64.833°S 63.400°W﻿ / -64.833; -63.400) is a through glacier, 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, which extends in an east–west direction across Wiencke Island between Sierra DuFief and the Wall Range, in the Palmer Archipelago. Probably known since the discovery of Wiencke Island by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition in 1898. Charted in 1944 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), and so named by them because a survey party was nearly overwhelmed there by an avalanche.

Belgian Antarctic Expedition
The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. Led by Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery aboard the RV Belgica, it was the first Belgian Antarctic expedition and is considered the first expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Among its members were Frederick Cook and Roald Amundsen, explorers who would later attempt the respective conquests of the North and South Poles.
Greater Indonesia
Greater Indonesia (Indonesian: Indonesia Raya) was an irredentist political concept that sought to bring the so-called Malay race together, by uniting the territories of the Dutch East Indies (and Portuguese Timor) with British Malaya and British Borneo. It was espoused by students and graduates of Sultan Idris Training College for Malay Teachers in the late 1920s, and individuals from Sumatra and Java, including Mohammad Natsir and Sukarno, on 28 September 1950. Indonesia Raya was adopted as the name of what later became the Indonesian national anthem in 1924.

While the definition of Greater Indonesia is consistent, the definition of Greater Malay (Malay: Melayu Raya) and the related concept of the Malay world and realm (Malay: Dunia Melayu and Alam Melayu) varies, from being virtually synonymous with Greater Indonesia to a Peninsular-focused dominance.

Burhanuddin al-Helmy
Burhanuddin bin Muhammad Nur al-Hilmi (Jawi: برهان الدين بن محمد نور الحلمي‎; 29 August 1911 – 25 October 1969), commonly known as Burhanuddin al-Helmy, was a Malaysian Islamic thinker, anti-colonial nationalist, and politician. He served as the third President of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1956 until his death, and was Member of Parliament for Besut between 1959 and 1964. Known for his role in shaping PAS’s early ideological direction, he blended  Islamic reformism with third-world anti-imperialist thought, and is widely regarded as one of the party’s most intellectually influential leaders.
Genetically modified animal
Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes including producing drugs, enhancing yields, increasing resistance to disease, etc. The vast majority of genetically modified animals are at the research stage while the number close to entering the market remains small.

AquaBounty Technologies
AquaBounty Technologies is a biotechnology and aquaculture company based in Maynard, Massachusetts, United States. The company is notable for its research and development of genetically modified fish. It aims to create products that aim to increase the productivity of aquaculture. As of 2020, sale of the company's AquAdvantage salmon has been approved in Canada and the United States. The company sold all of its operating farms and ceased fish production in 2024.
1920 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1920 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1920 college football season. The team was coached by second-year head coach Henry Schulte and played its home games at Nebraska Field in Lincoln, Nebraska. The team competed as an independent. Schulte departed shortly after the end of the season, though he remained at the school to coach track until 1939.

Nebraska Field
Nebraska Field was an American football stadium on the campus of the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. The stadium primarily served as the home venue for the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team and a variety of other university and state activities. Nebraska Field was demolished in 1923 when the university constructed Memorial Stadium on its former site.
Rhodotorulic acid
Rhodotorulic acid is the smallest of the 2,5-diketopiperazine family of hydroxamate siderophores which are high-affinity chelating agents for ferric iron, produced by bacterial and fungal phytopathogens for scavenging iron from the environment.  It is a tetradentate ligand, meaning it binds one iron atom in four locations (two hydroxamate and two lactam moieties), and forms Fe2(siderophore)3 complexes to fulfill an octahedral coordination for iron.

Rhodotorulic acid occurs in basidiomycetous yeasts and was found to retard the spore germination of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. In combination with yeast Rhodotorula glutinis it was found to be effective in the biocontrol of iprodione-resistant B. cinerea of apple wounds caused by the disease.

2,5-Diketopiperazine
2,5-Diketopiperazine is an organic compound with the formula (NHCH2C(O))2. The compound features a six-membered ring containing two amide groups at opposite positions in the ring.  It was  first compound containing a peptide bond to be characterized by X-ray crystallography in 1938.  It is the parent of a large class of 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs)
with the formula (NHCH2(R)C(O))2 (R = H, CH3, etc.). They are ubiquitous peptides in nature. They are often found in fermentation broths and yeast cultures as well as embedded in larger more complex architectures in a variety of natural products as well as several drugs.  In addition, they are often produced as degradation products of polypeptides, especially in processed foods and beverages. They have also been identified in the contents of comets.
Kevin Myers
Kevin Myers (born 30 March 1947) is an English-born Irish journalist and writer. He has contributed to the Irish Independent, the Irish edition of The Sunday Times, and The Irish Times's column "An Irishman's Diary".

Myers is known for his controversial views on a number of topics, including single mothers, aid for Africa, the Holocaust and Irish nationalism. In July 2017, The Sunday Times announced that Myers would no longer be writing for them following an article he wrote on the BBC gender pay gap, for which he was accused of antisemitism and misogyny, although the chair of the Jewish Representative Council of Ireland stated, "Branding Kevin Myers as either an antisemite or a Holocaust denier is an absolute distortion of the facts."

Newstalk
Newstalk (formerly NewsTalk 106) is a national independent radio station in Ireland. It is operated by News 106 Limited, a subsidiary of Bauer Media Audio Ireland, and broadcasts under a sound broadcasting contract with the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland ( which since 2024 has been renamed Commusiun Na Mean)

Newstalk is Ireland's only commercial all-talk station, broadcasting opinion, analysis, entertainment and sport.
The F.U.'s
The FUs are a hardcore punk band from Boston, Massachusetts. They formed in 1981 as a three-piece band, released three records and appeared on the compilation This Is Boston, Not LA before changing their name to Straw Dogs in 1986 to market themselves as a heavy metal act. In 2010 The FUs reformed under their original moniker.

Gang Green
Gang Green is an American hardcore punk/crossover thrash band originally from Braintree, Massachusetts. Chris Doherty (guitar), Bill Manley (bass) and Mike Dean (drums) started the band in 1980 and broke up in 1983. Doherty reformed Gang Green the following year, and the band experienced numerous lineup changes until its dissolution for the second time in 1992. Doherty has been the band's only constant member and has kept Gang Green active from 2005 onwards. The band was influential in the formation of the East Coast hardcore scene, and went on to become one of the forerunners of crossover thrash and speed metal in the late 1980s.
Rosemary Verey
Rosemary Verey, OBE, VMH (21 December 1918 in Chatham, Kent – 31 May 2001 in Cheltenham) was an English garden designer, lecturer and garden writer who designed the notable garden at Barnsley House, near Cirencester in Gloucestershire, England.

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
Rennerdale, Pennsylvania
Rennerdale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Collier Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, about 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Pittsburgh. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 1,103.

Raid on Robinson Run (1782)
The Raid on Robinson Run was a frontier raid in September 1782 at the homestead of Gabriel Walker along Robinson Run in what is now southwestern Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. A Native American war party of about twenty-five surprised household members working near the cabin and in the fields and captured five children. The cabin was plundered and burned. The raiders then moved toward the nearby fortified refuge known as Ewing's Fort, also described as the blockhouse of James Ewing, where neighbors had gathered after the alarm was raised. Two of the youngest captives were killed within sight of the refuge, and three others, a boy and two girls, were carried northwest to British held posts and later returned at the end of the Revolutionary War.
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification
For the athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics competitions, the following qualification systems were in place. Qualification ended on 29 June 2021, but for marathon and 50 km race walking, it ended on 31 May 2021. Some 1900 athletes, from 196 countries, competed. 103 countries qualified also through Universality places (initially 101, 61 men and 40 women).

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics were held during the last ten days of the Games. They were due to be held from 31 July – 9 August 2020, at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan.  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the games were postponed to 2021, with the track and field events set for 30 July – 8 August. The sport of athletics at these Games was split into three distinct sets of events: track and field events, remaining in Tokyo, and road running events and racewalking events, moved to Sapporo. A total of 48 events were held, one more than in 2016, with the addition of a mixed relay event.
Miss World Spain 2017
Miss World Spain 2017 was the 5th edition of the Miss World Spain pageant, held on September 16, 2017. The winner was Maria Elisabeth Tulián Marín of Balearic Islands and she represented Spain in Miss World 2017. This was the first edition of Miss World Spain under the Nuestra Belleza España after the gained the franchise the previous year after the Be Miss Organization gave up the license to focus solely on Miss Universe Spain.

Miss Spain
The Miss Spain (Spanish: Miss España) is a national beauty pageant in Spain that selects Spanish representatives to compete in three of the big four major international beauty pageants: the Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International competitions.
Analytic polyhedron
In mathematics, especially several complex variables, an analytic polyhedron is a subset of the complex space Cn of the form

where D is a bounded connected open subset of Cn,  are holomorphic on D and P is assumed to be relatively compact in D. If  above are polynomials, then the set is called a polynomial polyhedron. Every analytic polyhedron is a domain of holomorphy and it is thus pseudo-convex.

The boundary of an analytic polyhedron is contained in the union of the set of hypersurfaces

An analytic polyhedron is a Weil polyhedron, or Weil domain if the intersection of any k of the above hypersurfaces has dimension no greater than 2n-k.

Domain of holomorphy
In mathematics, in the theory of functions of several complex variables, a domain of holomorphy is a domain that is maximal in the sense that there exists a holomorphic function on this domain that cannot be extended to a bigger domain.

Formally, an open set  in the ⁠⁠-dimensional complex space  is called a domain of holomorphy if there do not exist non-empty open sets   and   where  is connected,   and   such that for every holomorphic function  on ⁠⁠, there exists a holomorphic function  on  with  on ⁠⁠.

Equivalently, for any such ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠, there exists a holomorphic  on ⁠⁠, such that  cannot be analytically continued to ⁠⁠.

In the case ⁠⁠, every open set is a domain of holomorphy: we can define a holomorphic function that is not identically zero, but whose zeros accumulate everywhere on the boundary of the domain, which must then be a natural boundary for a domain of definition of its reciprocal. For  this is no longer true, as it follows from Hartogs's extension theorem.
Armenian Cross
An Armenian cross is a symbol that combines a cross with a floral postament or elements. The cross of Armenian Christianity is combined with the Christian cross, and this design was often used for high crosses (khachkar) – a free-standing cross made of stone and often richly decorated.

Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as symbolizing the crucifixion of Jesus, is a symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a corpus (a representation of Jesus's body, usually three-dimensional) and to the more general family of cross symbols. The term cross is now detached from its original specifically Christian meaning, in modern English and many other Western languages.

The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with unequal arms and the Greek cross with equal arms; there are numerous variants, partly with confessional significance—such as the tau cross, the double-barred cross, triple-barred cross, and cross-and-crosslets—and many heraldic variants, such as the cross potent, cross pattée, and cross moline, cross fleury.
History of newspaper publishing
The modern newspaper is a European invention. The oldest direct handwritten news sheets circulated widely in Venice as early as 1566. These weekly news sheets were full of information on wars and politics in Italy and Europe. The first printed newspapers were published weekly in Germany from 1605. Typically, they were censored by the government, especially in France, and reported mostly foreign news and current prices. After the English government relaxed censorship in 1695, newspapers flourished in London and a few other cities including Boston and Philadelphia. By the 1830s, high-speed presses could print thousands of papers cheaply, allowing low daily costs.

Johann Carolus
Johann Carolus (26 March 1575 − 15 August 1634) was a German publisher of the first newspaper, called Relation aller Fürnemmen und  gedenckwürdigen Historien (English: Account of all distinguished and commemorable stories). The Relation is recognised by the World Association of Newspapers, as well as many authors, as the world's first newspaper.

Carolus published the German-language newspaper in Strasbourg, which had the status of a free imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire and was largely German-speaking.
New Garden, Potsdam
The New Garden (German: Neuer Garten) in Potsdam is a park of 102.5 hectares located southwest of Berlin, Germany, in northern Potsdam and bordering on the lakes Heiliger See and Jungfernsee. Starting in 1787, Frederick William II of Prussia (1744-1797) arranged to have a new garden laid out on this site, and the design and landscaping was carried out by Johann August Eyserbeck, who had previously worked on the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm.

The New Garden, along with the Marmorpalais palace on its grounds and other palaces and parks in Potsdam and Berlin was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 because of its unique unity of architecture and landscaping and its testimony to the power of Prussia in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Jungfernsee
The Jungfernsee (translated "Virgin Lake") is north of Potsdam, Germany. It was a glacial kettle and is now part of the River Havel, which runs along its southeastern shore, which is also the only part of its shores that is in Berlin. The rest of the lake lies in the Potsdam district.
Rasulpur River
The Rasulpur River (also spelt Rasalpur) is a tributary of the Hooghly River. The Rasulpur flows through Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur districts. It flows as the Bagda River until Kalinagar and then as the Rasulpur River. Its tributaries are Itaberia Khal, Mugberia Khal, Palabani Khal, Padurbheri Khal and Alipur Khal. It joins the Bay of Bengal shortly after Petua Ghat, a Fishing Harbor just before the river's estuary, opposite Sagar Island.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.