hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flavobacterium araucananum
Flavobacterium araucananum  is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from a kidney of an ill salmon (Salmo salar) from a fish farm in Concepción in Chile.

Flavobacterium
Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species.  Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.

Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes the bacterial cold water disease on salmonids and the rainbow trout fry disease on rainbow trout.
F. columnare causes the cotton-wool disease on freshwater fishes.
F. branchiophilum causes the bacterial gill disease on trout.  Another member of this genus, F. okeanokoites is the original source for the type IIs restriction endonuclease FokI, used in Zinc finger nucleases and TALENs.

Species who are a part of the genus Flavobacterium are most likely found scattered along in nature. These microbes are mostly found in aquatic ecosystems and wet areas with freshwater or seawater.
Nossa palaearctica
Nossa palaearctica is a moth in the family Epicopeiidae first described by Staudinger in 1887. It is found in the Russian Far East and China. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index gives this name as a synonym of Nossa nelcinna.

Epicopeiidae
Epicopeiidae is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. They are known as oriental swallowtail moths as they closely resemble some oriental swallowtail butterflies (e.g. red-bodied swallowtails). Epicopeiidae have highly varied structure in regards to body size and wing shape. Epicopeiidaen wing patterns are involved in complicated mimicry rings.
Strait of Sicily
The Strait of Sicily (also known as Sicilian Strait, Sicilian Channel, Channel of Sicily, Sicilian Narrows and Pantelleria Channel; Italian: Canale di Sicilia or the Stretto di Sicilia; Sicilian: Canali di Sicilia or Strittu di Sicilia, Arabic: مضيق صقلية Maḍīq Ṣiqillīyah or مضيق الوطن القبلي Maḍīq al-Waṭan al-Qiblī) is the strait between Sicily and Tunisia. The strait is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) wide and divides the Tyrrhenian Sea and the western Mediterranean Sea, from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The maximum depth is 316 meters (1,037 ft). The island of Pantelleria lies in the middle of the strait.

There are regular ferries between Sicily and Tunis across the Strait of Sicily; a tunnel has been proposed to link the two regions.

Precious coral
Precious coral, or red coral, is the common name given to a genus of marine corals, Corallium. The distinguishing characteristic of precious corals is their durable and intensely colored red or pink-orange skeleton, which is used for making jewelry.
2019 Banja Luka Challenger
The 2019 Banja Luka Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina from 9 to 15 September 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
FERC Order 490
FERC Order 490 was a final rule by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to amend its regulations concerning the abandonment of certain sales and purchases of natural gas under Section 7(b) the Natural Gas Act (NGA) where the underlying contract has expired. It was enacted on April 12, 1988.  The following year, an environment of more deregulation took place with the enactment of Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act of 1989.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates the interstate transmission and wholesale sale of electricity and natural gas and regulates the prices of interstate transport of petroleum by pipeline. FERC also reviews proposals to build interstate natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage projects, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, in addition to licensing non-federal hydropower projects.

FERC was created in 1977 by the U.S. Congress in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. FERC is an independent agency, even though it is part of the U.S. Department of Energy. It is headed by five commissioners who are nominated by the U.S. president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. There may be no more than three commissioners of one political party serving on the commission at any given time.
San Fagondu
San Fagondu (Spanish: San Facundo) is one of 44 parishes (administrative divisions) in Tinéu, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Situated at 523 m (1,716 ft) above sea level, it is 12.81 km2 (4.95 sq mi) in size, with a population of 210 (INE 2004). The postal code is 33875.

Tinéu
Tineo is a concejo (municipality) in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is situated on a small tributary of the Narcea River. It is the second-largest municipality in Asturias. It is bordered to the north by Valdés, to the south by Cangas del Narcea, to the west by Villayón and Allande, and to the east by Salas, Miranda and Somiedo.

Mining, agriculture and stock-rearing have been the principal industries since the early 20th century.
Norfolk and Western J Class (1879)
Norfolk and Western Class J or the First J Class is a Class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives built for the Shenandoah Valley Railroad and inherited by the Norfolk and Western Railroad when the latter acquired the former. They were built from 1879 at the Baldwin Locomotive Works, in Pennsylvania, and they were retired in 1900 and scrapped by 1901 and 1904.

This was the first "J" class, and was followed by the J class of 1903 and the J class of 1941.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Verisimilitude
In philosophy, verisimilitude (or truthlikeness) is the notion that some propositions are closer to being true than other propositions. The problem of verisimilitude is the problem of articulating what it takes for one false theory to be closer to the truth than another false theory.

This problem was central to the philosophy of Karl Popper, largely because Popper was among the first to  affirm that truth is the aim of scientific inquiry while acknowledging that most of the greatest scientific theories in the history of science are, strictly speaking, false. If this long string of purportedly false theories is to constitute progress with respect to the goal of truth, then it must be at least possible for one false theory to be closer to the truth than others.

Pavel Tichý
Pavel Tichý (Czech: [ˈpavɛl ˈcɪxiː]; 18 February 1936, Brno, Czechoslovakia – 26 October 1994, Dunedin, New Zealand) was a Czech logician,  philosopher and mathematician.

He worked in the field of intensional logic and founded transparent intensional logic, an original theory of the logical analysis of natural languages – the theory is devoted to the problem of saying exactly what it is that we learn, know and can communicate when we come to understand what a sentence means. He spent roughly 25 years working on it. His main work is a book The Foundations of Frege's Logic, published by Walter de Gruyter in 1988.
Laser League
Laser League was a futuristic sports video game by Roll7. Two teams of one, two or three players compete to outlast their opponents by setting up moving lasers in an arena. The game was released in early access during 2017, and officially released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One platforms in 2018.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Coke Studio Pakistan season 5
The fifth season of the Pakistani music television series Coke Studio Pakistan commenced airing on 13 May 2012. The season consisted of five episodes, which aired on 13 May, 27 May, 10 June, 24 June and 8 July respectively.

Rohail Hyatt and Umber Hyatt continued as producers of the show.

Fareed Ayaz
Ghulam Fariduddin Ayaz Al-Hussaini  Qawwal (born in Hyderabad, India) is a Pakistani Sufi devotional singer. He belongs to the well-known family of Qawwals, known as the Qawwal Bacchon ka Gharana of Delhi.

Ayaz and his relatives are the flag-bearers of the Delhi gharana, a school of music. He performs various genres of Hindustani classical music such as dhrupad, khayal, tarana, thumri, and dadra. He leads the qawwal party with his younger brother, Abu Muhammad Qawwal.

Ayaz is a descendant of Mir Qutub Bakhsh, who was awarded the title of Tanras Khan by the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in the 19th century. Tanras Khan was also the tutor in music and court musician of this emperor.
Ennis Avenue
Ennis Avenue is a major road between Rockingham and its southern suburbs and is part of Australia's National Highway 1 for all of its length. It is a controlled access road and after leaving Rockingham has only four intersections (Willmott Drive, Safety Bay Road, Royal Palm Drive and Port Kennedy Drive)—the alternative route is Read Street and Warnbro Sound Avenue which runs roughly parallel to and west of Ennis Avenue.

The Kwinana Freeway was built to Safety Bay Road in 2002, which means that Kwinana Freeway traffic going to Mandurah and the South West of Western Australia from Perth enters Ennis Avenue near its halfway point (7.5 km) at Safety Bay Road until the extension further south in 2009. The Warnbro railway station, which opened in December 2007, is next to this intersection.

Ennis Avenue is controlled and maintained by Main Roads Western Australia.

Read Street
Read Street is a main road and suburban distributor in Rockingham south of Perth, and runs through or alongside the suburbs of Rockingham, Cooloongup, Safety Bay and Waikiki, linking them to the Rockingham Shopping Centre. It ends in a roundabout at Safety Bay Road and becomes Warnbro Sound Avenue at that point. It is a dual carriageway for all of its length.
Dunnideer stone circle
Dunnideer stone circle is a mostly destroyed recumbent stone circle located near Insch in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The three remaining stones lie close to the ruins of Dunnideer Castle. It is a scheduled monument.

Dunnideer Castle
Dunnideer Castle is a ruined tower house near Insch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Built around 1260, it reused stone from an earlier prehistoric vitrified hillfort dating to approximately 250 BC. The tower measured 15 by 12.5 metres (49 by 41 ft) with walls 1.9 metres (6.2 ft) thick, likely featuring a first-floor hall and multiple stories.
Skopje Fortress
The Skopje Fortress (Macedonian: Скопско кале, romanized: Skopsko kale; Albanian: Kalaja e Shkupit; Turkish: Üsküp Kalesi), commonly referred to as Kale (from kale, the Turkish word for 'fortress'), is a historic fortress located in the old town of Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia. It is located in Centar municipality and situated on the highest point in the city overlooking the Vardar River. The fortress is depicted on the coat of arms of Skopje, which in turn is incorporated in the city's flag.

Democratic Union for Integration
The Democratic Union for Integration (Macedonian: Демократска унија за интеграција, romanized: Demokratska unija za integracija, Albanian: Bashkimi Demokratik për Integrim) is the largest ethnic Albanian political party in North Macedonia and the third largest political party in the country. It was formed immediately after the country's 2001 armed conflict between the National Liberation Army and Macedonian security forces. NLA founder Ali Ahmeti has been the party's president ever since.
Costly Colours
Costly Colours, sometimes just called Costly, is a historical English card game for two players and a "fascinating relative of cribbage". The game "requires a moderate amount of skill in playing, and is well adapted to teach quickness in counting". It has more combinations than cribbage and retains the original scoring system for points, but does not use a 'crib'. In the 19th century it was described as "peculiar to Shropshire."

Set (cards)
In card games, a set or group is a scoring combination consisting of multiple playing cards, usually of the same rank. Depending on the game, a set may consist of two cards of equal rank (a "pair") as in Bieten, three of a kind as in poker, or more.
Winson (cyclecar)
The Winson was a short lived British cyclecar manufactured by J Winn in Rochdale, Lancashire in 1920 only.

The car could be ordered with an engine made by either Precision or Blackburne with a tax rating of 8 hp. Gearing was provided by a variable friction disk and then by single chain to the rear wheels.

Beardmore Precision Motorcycles
Beardmore Precision Motorcycles was a British motorcycle manufacturer formed in 1919 when the engine manufacturer F. E. Baker Ltd, who produced motorcycle and cyclecar engines under the 'Precision' trademark before World War I, entered into an arrangement with the large shipbuilding and engineering company William Beardmore and Company.
Goddess of the Night (ship)
Goddess of the Night is a Destiny-class cruise ship owned by Seajets since 2023. Formerly operating as Costa Magica by Costa Crociere, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc, the 102,784 GT vessel joined sister ship Costa Fortuna in 2004 and were referred together as Fortuna-class ships; together, they became the largest ships in the Costa fleet at her time of delivery. Costa Magica paid homage to some of the most famous destinations in Italy including Positano, Portofino, Bellagio, and Sicily, which were incorporated into her public areas and restaurants. 19 years after her debut, Costa sold Costa Magica to Greek/Cypriot ferry company Seajets in 2023 and she was subsequently renamed Mykonos Magic.

Sunshine-class cruise ship
The Sunshine class is a class of cruise ships owned by Carnival Cruise Line. The class was formerly known as the Destiny class until 2013 when Carnival Destiny was renamed Carnival Sunshine. This transformation continued with sister ships Carnival Triumph in 2019 and Carnival Victory in 2021.
Verbascum phoeniceum
Verbascum phoeniceum, known as purple mullein, is a species of mullein that is part of the family Scrophulariaceae native to Central Europe, Central Asia and Western China. It is also naturalized in certain regions of the US and Canada. It successfully grows in USDA’s zones 4 to 8. It is a short-lived perennial species, and blooms earlier than other mullein species on average, producing vibrant purple-pink flowers; it can grow up to 1m or more.

Verbascum
Verbascum is a genus of over 450 species of flowering plants, common name mullein (/ˈmʌlɪn/), in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.

Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.
Women's college
Women's colleges in higher education are undergraduate, bachelor's degree-granting institutions, often liberal arts colleges, whose student populations are composed exclusively or almost exclusively of women. Some women's colleges admit male students to their graduate schools or in smaller numbers to undergraduate programs, but all serve a primarily female student body.

Sweet Briar College
Sweet Briar College (Sweet Briar, SBC) is a private women's liberal arts college in Sweet Briar, Amherst County, Virginia, United States. It was established in 1901 by Indiana Fletcher Williams in memory of her deceased daughter, Daisy. The college formally opened its doors in 1906 and granted the B.A. degree for the first time in 1910. It nearly closed in 2015 but was saved by donations and legal actions by alumnae.

Sweet Briar is known for its campus with its historic Georgian Revival architecture by Ralph Adams Cram and its 3,250 acres (13.2 km2) of hills, forests, and fields.
Palakkad–Pollachi line
The Palakkad–Pollachi line is a railway line between Palakkad and Pollachi in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India which comes under Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It connects Palakkad with Dindigul - Pollachi railway section.

Palakkad Junction railway station
Palakkad Junction (formerly Olavakkode Junction) (station code: PGT) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the largest railway stations in Kerala, India, situated in the city of Palakkad. Palakkad Junction was declared the cleanest railway station in the state of Kerala as per a Swachh Bharat Missionsurvey in 2016. Palakkad Junction serves as the major railway hub for the city of Palakkad, while the secondary hub is Palakkad Town railway station.
2015 European Women's U-19 Handball Championship
The 2015 European Women's U-19 Handball Championship was the tenth edition of the European Women's U-19 Handball Championship, held in Valencia, Spain from 23 July to 2 August 2015. Sixteen teams participated on the tournament, including the fifteen qualifying winners and the host nation. Sweden was the defending champions, but didn't reached the final, after getting defeated by Denmark in the semifinals. Denmark won the tournament, with a 29-26 win against Russia.

European Women's U-19 Handball Championship
The European Women's U-19 European Handball Championship is the official competition for junior women's national handball teams of Europe. Organized by the European Handball Federation, it takes place every two years. The competition received its current name in 2004, until then it was known as the European Women's Junior Handball Championship.

In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Women's Junior World Handball Championship.
De La Soul Is Dead
De La Soul Is Dead is the second studio album by American hip hop group De La Soul, released on May 14, 1991. The album was produced by Prince Paul, whose work on 3 Feet High and Rising was highly praised by music critics. The album was one of the first to receive a five-mic rating in the hip-hop magazine The Source, and it was also selected as one of The Source's "100 Best Albums" in 1998. The album's cover refers to the death of the "D.A.I.S.Y." (Da Inner Sound, Y'all) age, or a distancing from several cultures including hippies and mainstream hip hop.

In 2020, Rolling Stone placed the album at number 228 on their "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list.

Kelvin Mercer
Kelvin Mercer (born August 17, 1969), also known by his stage name Posdnuos, Plug 1 and occasionally Pos, is an American rapper and record producer from East Massapequa, New York, best known for his work as one third of the hip hop trio De La Soul. Through his work with the group, Mercer is considered to be one of the most consistent and underrated MCs of all time. Beginning with the highly acclaimed 3 Feet High and Rising in 1989, Mercer has gone on to release nine albums with De La Soul.
General Motors U platform
The U-platform (or U-body) is a front wheel drive minivan and crossover SUV platform from General Motors produced since 1990. North American sales ended in 2009, but Chinese production continues.  The minivans were divided into three generations, 1990–1996, 1997–2005 and 2005-current. The U-body was also used for General Motors' first generation crossovers from 2001-2005.

Keeping with its EPA designation as a light truck, the fifth character in the VIN for a U-body is "U", instead of the fourth, as is standard for cars.

Confusingly, GM also used the "U-body" (or "U-car") designation in the mid 1970s for its mid-sized European models - principally the Opel Ascona and Vauxhall Cavalier.

SAIC-GM
SAIC General Motors Corporation Limited (commonly known as SAIC-GM; Chinese: 上汽通用汽车) is a joint venture between General Motors Company and SAIC Motor. The company was founded in 1997 as Shanghai General Motors Company Ltd or Shanghai GM (Chinese: 上海通用汽车). Headquartered in Shanghai, the company manufactures and sells Chevrolet, Buick, and Cadillac brand automobiles in mainland China, and exports its cars to several overseas markets.
French hip-hop
French hip hop or French rap (French: rap français, [ʁap fʁɑ̃sɛ]), is the hip hop music style developed in French-speaking countries. France is the second largest hip-hop market in the world after the United States.

Banlieue
In France, a banlieue (UK: /bɒnˈljuː/; French: [bɑ̃ljø] ⓘ) is a suburb of a large city, or all its suburbs taken collectively. Banlieues are divided into autonomous administrative entities and do not constitute part of the city proper. For instance, 80 percent of the inhabitants of the Paris metropolitan area live outside the city of Paris.

Beginning in the 1970s, the term banlieue has taken on a particular connotation, becoming a popular word for economically-deprived suburbs featuring low-income housing projects (HLMs) that are home to large immigrant populations. People of foreign descent reside in what are often called poverty traps. As of 2025, in France, approximately 1,500 suburbs are home to more than 5 million people.
Chyhyryn campaign (1677)
The Chyhyryn campaign of 1677 was an unsuccessful campaign by the Ottoman-led coalition against the Cossack-Russian defenders of Chyhyryn. On 3 of August, the Ottoman army besieged Chyhyryn, which was held by 12,000-strong garrison. At the end of August, the Russo-Cossack army of Romodanovsky and Samoylovych crossed the Dnieper. The Ottoman-Crimean forces tried to stop them but were decisively defeated at Buzhyn and on 29 of August, Ibrahim Pasha burned the Turkish camp and retreated, while the Russo-Cossack army entered Chyhyryn on 5 of September.

Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Юрый Хмелницкій / Юрий Хмелницкий / Юрій Хмелницкій; Ukrainian: Юрій Хмельницький, Polish: Jerzy Chmielnicki, Russian: Юрий Хмельницкий), monastic name Hedeon (1641 – 1685(?)), younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader. Although he spent half of his adult life as a monk and archimandrite, he also was Hetman of Ukraine on several occasions — in 1659-1660 and 1678–1681 and starost of Hadiach, becoming one of the most well-known Ukrainian politicians of the "Ruin" period for the Cossack Hetmanate.