hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Octophone
The octophone (or octofone) is a stringed musical instrument related to the mandola family resembling an octave mandolin. It was marketed by Regal Musical Instrument Company, who introduced it 21 January 1928, as an "eight-purpose instrument".

The name "Octophone" came from the idea that the instrument could take on the "tone combinations" of eight instruments, the tenor guitar, tenor banjo, ukulele, taro patch, tiple, mandolin, mandola and mandocello. Changing from one instrument to another was a matter of changing the tuning. The instrument came with an instruction book that told owners "how to use, how to tune and how to play" the instrument

Ukulele
The ukulele (/ˌjuːkəˈleɪli/ YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.

Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings  tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.
2023–24 Premiership Rugby Cup
The 2023–24 Premiership Rugby Cup is the 51st season of England's national rugby union cup competition and the first under the new Premiership Rugby Cup format including clubs from both the Premiership and Championship. Exeter Chiefs are the reigning champions.

Gloucester would finish as the first ever Premiership Rugby Cup champions, defeating Leicester Tigers 23–13 in the final at Kingsholm on 15 March 2024.

2022–23 RFU Championship
The 2022–23 RFU Championship is the fourteenth season of the RFU Championship, the professional second tier of rugby union in England. It features eleven English teams and one from Jersey. Jersey Reds won the league with one match remaining.
2012 African Men's Handball Championship
The 2012 African Men's Handball Championship was the 20th edition of the African Men's Handball Championship, organized by the African Handball Confederation, which acted as the qualification process for the 2013 World Men's Handball Championship. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and was held in Rabat and Salé, Morocco between 11 and 20 January 2012. The winner qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

African Men's Handball Championship
The African Handball Nations Championship is the official competition for senior national handball teams of Africa, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the African champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and for World Handball Championship. Started in 1974, it is the oldest continental handball competition. The current champions are Egypt, who won the 2026 tournament in Rwanda.

Only three countries have won the tournament. Tunisia, winner of the first edition, has won the title a record ten times tied with Egypt (ten titles), and Algeria, with seven titles, are the only two other teams to have won the competition.

Both Morocco and Algeria were banned from hosting the African Handball Championship in 2022 and 2024, Egypt were chosen to host the tournaments instead.
Otterstadt
Otterstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtɐʃtat]) is a municipality in the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

The almost 980-year-old village was once a pure agricultural and fishing village. Today the inhabitants work in the neighbouring industrial cities: Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Speyer.

Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
The Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis (German: [ʁaɪnˈpfaltsˌkʁaɪs]) is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) the district-free city Worms, the district Bergstraße, district-free Mannheim, Frankenthal and Ludwigshafen, Rhein-Neckar, district-free Speyer, the districts Karlsruhe, Germersheim, Südliche Weinstraße and Bad Dürkheim.
Sarukhanids
The Sarukhanids or Sarukhanid dynasty (Modern Turkish: Saruhanoğulları, Saruhanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Principality of Saruhan and Beylik of Saruhan (Saruhan Beyliği), was one of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality), centered in Manisa.

Although the origin of Saruhanids is not known, there are theories that they may be of Oghuz or Kipchak origin. Some researchers attribute the origins of Saruhanids to the "Sarı" tribe of Kipchak-Kimeks. The Saruhanids It was founded by the tribal chief Saruhan about 1300 and lasted for a first time until 1390, when Bayezid I overran the region and finally until 1412, when the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I killed Hızır, the last Saruhan ruler, and absorbed the Beylik into the Ottoman Empire as a province.

Kipchaks
The Kipchaks, also spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (Polovtsy) in Russian sources, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe.

First mentioned in the eighth century as part of the Second Turkic Khaganate, they most likely inhabited the Altai region from where they expanded over the following centuries, first as part of the Kimek–Kipchak confederation and later as part of a confederation with the Cumans. There were groups of Kipchaks in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, China, Syr Darya, and Siberia. Cumania was conquered by the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century and integrated into the Golden Horde, which also went on to become known as Kipchak Khanate and the start of a massive Mongolisation of culture, in which when the Kipchak identity was codified permanently when they started to blur the line of Mongols and Turks to become the modern formation of Turco-Mongol identity.
John Grigson
Air Commodore John William Boldero Grigson DSO, DFC** (26 January 1893 – 3 July 1943) was a highly decorated British pilot who served in the Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Air Force in World War I, continuing his service and serving in World War II until his death in an air crash in 1943.

St John's School, Leatherhead
St John's School in Leatherhead, Surrey is a fully co-educational private school for pupils aged 11 to 18. The school offers day, weekly and flexible boarding for approximately 800 pupils.

St John's was founded in 1851 to educate the sons of the clergy, and was moved from St John's Wood, London to its current site in Surrey in 1872. Set in 50 acres (20 ha), the school's site is a mixture of old and new, with mid-Victorian architecture complemented by a Science Centre, and modern classroom blocks and boarding houses.
TVR Tuscan Challenge
The TVR Tuscan Challenge is a one-make series dedicated to the second incarnation of the TVR Tuscan sports car (Initially developed as a road car and then  built for the race series), and takes place throughout the United Kingdom. Inaugurated in 1989, its high power-to-weight ratio, capability of reaching 190 mph (310 km/h) and loud engine noise, combined with close racing in a field consisting of over 30 cars at its peak, made the series become, at the time, the premier one-make series in the UK with an extensive TV coverage; over the years, many drivers who competed in the series moved on in major championship series and many notable drivers have guest driven in a race. The company underwent management changes in 2005, and the TVR Tuscan Challenge was merged with its owner club's series, which has been reformatted to allow for all TVR models.

One-design racing
One-design racing is a racing method which may be adopted in sports using complex equipment, whereby all vehicles have identical or very similar designs or models, avoiding the need for a handicap system.
2018 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 72 kg
The women's freestyle 72 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Budapest, Hungary on 23 and 24 October.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2018 World Wrestling Championships
The 2018 World Wrestling Championships were the 15th edition of World Wrestling Championships of combined events and were held from 20 to 28 October in Budapest, Hungary.

Russia claimed 10 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals, its best ever overall result in the post-Soviet era. In Greco-Roman Wrestling Russian athletes showed the best ever result since 1990.
The Legend of The Stardust Brothers
The Legend of the Stardust Brothers (星くず兄弟の伝説, Hoshikuzu kyôdai no densetsu), is a 1985 Japanese musical comedy film written, edited, and directed by Makoto Tezuka. It is based upon original music written by Haruo Chicada.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Brigadier Hector Eduardo Ruiz Airport
Brigadier Hector Eduardo Ruiz Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Brigadier Hector Eduardo Ruiz, IATA: CSZ, ICAO: SAZC) is a public use airport located 4 kilometres (2 mi) east-northeast of Coronel Suárez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Coronel Suárez
Coronel Suárez is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for Coronel Suárez Partido.

Coronel Suárez has a population of 23,621 inhabitants (2010) and its main economic activities are related to agriculture and cattle raising. It is famous for its Polo Club, founded in 1929, whose team has achieved outstanding success over the years in the annual Argentine Open Polo Championship, the world's most important polo tournament, including winning the Championship for ten successive years between 1961 and 1970.
Ilulissat
Ilulissat, also known as Jakobshavn or Jacobshavn, is the municipal seat and largest town of the Avannaata municipality  in western Greenland, located approximately 350 km (220 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. With a population of 5,149 as of 2025, it is the third-largest city in Greenland, after Nuuk and Sisimiut. 
The city is home to almost as many sled-dogs as people.

In direct translation, Ilulissat is Greenlandic for "[the] icebergs". The nearby Ilulissat Icefjord is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and has made Ilulissat the most popular tourist destination in Greenland. Tourism is now the town's principal industry.
The city neighbours the Ilulissat Icefjord, where there are enormous icebergs from the most productive glacier in the northern hemisphere.

Eskimology
Unangam (not shown)

Yupik peoples (Yupik, Siberian Yupik)

Inuit peoples (Iñupiat, Inuvialuit, Nunavut, Nunavik, Nunatsiavut, Nunatuĸavut [not shown], Kalaallit)

Eskimology /ˌɛskɪˈmɒlədʒi/ or Inuitology is a complex of humanities and sciences studying the languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of the speakers of Eskimo–Aleut languages and Inuit, Yupik and Aleut (or Unangam), sometimes collectively known as Eskimos, in historical and comparative context. This includes ethnic groups from the Chukchi Peninsula on the far eastern tip of Siberia in Russia, through Alaska of the United States, Canada's Inuit Nunangat, including the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut, Nunavik and Nunatsiavut, through NunatuKavut (but not the Gulf of St. Lawrence area), to Greenland of Denmark. Originally, an Eskimologist or Inuitologist was primarily a linguist or philologist who researches Eskimo or Inuit languages.
William Barnard (bishop)
William Barnard (1697 – 10 January 1768) was an Anglican bishop, Bishop of Derry from 1747 until his death.

Barnard was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1721. He became vicar of St. Bride's, Fleet Street in 1729, and prebendary of Westminster in 1732. He was appointed Dean of Rochester in 1743, he became Bishop of Raphoe in 1744, and Bishop of Derry in 1747. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Dean of Rochester
The Dean of Rochester is the head of the chapter of canons at Rochester Cathedral, the mother church of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester. The current dean is Philip Hesketh, who has served in that role since June 2016.
Basque verbs
The verb is one of the most complex parts of Basque grammar. It is sometimes represented as a difficult challenge for learners of the language, and many Basque grammars devote most of their pages to lists or tables of verb paradigms. This article does not give a full list of verb forms; its purpose is to explain the nature and structure of the system.

Auxiliary verb
An auxiliary verb (abbreviated aux) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany an infinitive verb or a participle, which respectively provide the main semantic content of the clause. An example is the verb have in the sentence I have finished my lunch. Here, the auxiliary have helps to express the perfect aspect along with the participle, finished. Some sentences contain a chain of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal) auxiliaries. Research has been conducted into split inflection in auxiliary verbs.
Gadarmal Devi Temple
Gadarmal Devi temple is a Hindu and Jain temple at Badoh village of Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh. Also called Gadarmal Temple of the Mothers, it is one of India's yogini temples. It has 42 niches for yogini statues, unusually arranged in a rectangle; it must originally have been hypaethral.

Vidya Dehejia
Vidya Dehejia is a retired academic and the Barbara Stoler Miller Professor Emerita of Indian and South Asian Art at Columbia University. She has published 24 books and numerous academic papers on the art of South Asia, and has curated many exhibitions on the same theme.

She has been awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government and a Freer Medal from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art.
Lithakia
Lithakia (Greek: Λιθακιά) is a village in the southern part of the island of Zakynthos, Greece. It is situated at the foot of low hills, about 2 km from the Ionian Sea coast. It is 3 km west of the beach village Laganas, 5 km southeast of Machairado and 9 km southwest of Zakynthos (city). The village suffered great damage from the 1953 Ionian earthquake.

Zakynthos (city)
Zakynthos (Greek: Ζάκυνθος, romanized: Zákynthos [ˈzacinθos] ⓘ) or Zante (Greek: Τζάντε, romanized: Tzánte), is a city and a former municipality on the island of Zakynthos, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Zakynthos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is the capital of the island of Zakynthos. Apart from the official name Zakynthos, it is also called Chora (i.e. the Town), a common denomination in Greece when the name of the island itself is the same as the name of the principal town.

The municipal unit of Zákynthos lies in the easternmost part of the island and has a land area of 45.79 square kilometres (17.68 square miles) and a population of 16,996 at the 2021 census. It is subdivided into the communities Zakynthos, Ampelokipoi, Argasi, Vasilikos, Gaitani and Bochali. The municipal unit also includes the Strofades islands, which lie about 50 kilometres (31 miles) south of Zákynthos island.
Nuala
Nuala (/ˈnuːlə/ NOO-lə, Irish: [ˈn̪ˠuəlˠə]) or Fionnuala is an Irish feminine given name, derived from Irish mythology - being either a diminutive form of Fionnuala ("fair shoulder"), the daughter of Lir, or an alternate name for Úna (perhaps meaning "lamb"), wife of Finvarra, king of the fairies.

In modern Irish storytelling, Nuala means "born of the sea".

Una (given name)
Una is a feminine given name with various origins. As used by Edmund Spenser in The Faerie Queene, the name is derived from the Latin unus, meaning one. Una is a currently popular name for girls in Serbia, where the name also has associations with the Una River. The Filipino word "una" meaning "first" (e.g., in Tagalog and Cebuano) is also derived from this Latin root.

Úna is an Irish language version that may be derived from the Irish word uan 'lamb'. An alternative spelling is Oona. The Scottish Gaelic form is Ùna.
2019 Shymkent Challenger II
The 2019 Shymkent Challenger II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Shymkent, Kazakhstan between 10 and 16 June 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
2017 Canberra Challenger
The 2017 Canberra Challenger is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the second edition of the tournament, which is a part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It takes place in Canberra, Australia, between 9 and 14 January 2017.

Canberra Challenger
The Apis Canberra International was a tennis tournament held in Canberra, Australia since 2016 until 2020 when it was relocated to Bendigo.
The event was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and was played on outdoor hardcourts.

In January 2019, Tennis ACT announced that the Canberra Challenger would continue despite the introduction of the ATP Cup the following summer.
Index of human sexuality articles
Human sexuality covers a broad range of topics, including the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, philosophical, ethical, moral, theological, legal and spiritual or religious aspects of sex and human sexual behavior.

Articles pertaining to human sexuality include:

Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is a bodily fluid that contains spermatozoa from the male gonads of animals. In humans and placental mammals, seminal fluid is ejaculated through the penis via the urethra. This fluid contains proteolytic and other enzymes as well as fructose, which together promote the survival of spermatozoa and provide a medium through which they can move (or "swim") from the vagina into the uterus and to the fallopian tubes, where they can fertilize the female ovum and form a zygote (diploid cell).

Semen is collected from animals for artificial insemination or cryoconservation of genetic material. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a practice that calls for the collection of semen in efforts for conservation of a particular breed.
Cadwallader Wolseley
Cadwallader Wolseley (12 February 1806 – 4 November 1872) was an Irish Anglican priest, Archdeacon of Glendalough from 1862 until his death.

Wolseley was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. From 1833 until 1853, he was Chaplain of Kirwan House, the Church of Ireland, Female Orphan House in Dublin;, and also chaplain to the Pleasants' Female Orphan Asylum, Camden Street, Dublin and later held the living at St Andrew, Lucan.

Archdeacon of Glendalough
The office of Archdeacon of Glendalough is a senior ecclesiastical role within the Anglican Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, previously the Diocese of Glendalough. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within the Diocese. The Roman Catholic succession of the role ceased long ago but it continues in the Church of Ireland.
Ana Maria Pacheco
Ana Maria Pacheco (born 1943) is a Brazilian sculptor, painter, and printmaker. Her work is influenced by her Brazilian heritage and often focuses on supernatural themes, incorporating them into unfolding narratives within her work. Pacheco's work has been displayed in galleries internationally and has won multiple awards throughout her career.

Norwich University of the Arts
The Norwich University of the Arts (NUA) is a public university in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom that specialises in art, design, media, architecture and performance. It was founded as Norwich School of Design in 1845 and has a long history of arts education. It gained full university status in 2013. The NUA is the smaller of two universities in Norwich, the other being the University of East Anglia (UEA).
2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award
The BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2018 took place on 16 December 2018 at the Resorts World Arena in Birmingham. It was the 65th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award.

The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan.

Des Clarke and Jazmin Sawyers provided the pre-show entertainment. George Ezra, Paloma Faith and Freya Ridings performed during the show. The Lightning Seeds along with David Baddiel and Frank Skinner performed "Three Lions" whilst a montage of England's run to the football World Cup semi final was played.

BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award
The BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award is the main award of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony, which takes place each December. The winner is the sportsperson, judged by a public vote, to have achieved the most that year. The recipient must either be British or reside and play a significant amount of their sport in the United Kingdom. The winner is selected from a predetermined shortlist. The most recent award-winner is golfer Rory McIlroy, who won the 2025 award.
Condell Park
Condell Park is a suburb in Western Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is 21 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is a part of the City of Canterbury Bankstown local government area, and within the Inner South West area categorised by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The postcode of Condell Park is 2200, which is shared with Bankstown and Bankstown Aerodrome.

Bankstown
Bankstown is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 19 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Canterbury-Bankstown region. Bankstown is the administrative centre and most populous suburb of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown, having previously been the administrative centre of the City of Bankstown prior to 2016.
Elkenroth
Elkenroth is a municipality that lies on the boundary of the Westerwald region in the district of Altenkirchen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Betzdorf-Gebhardshain.

Altenkirchen (district)
Altenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˌaltn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the North Rhine-Westphalian districts Rhein-Sieg, Oberbergischer Kreis, Olpe and Siegen-Wittgenstein, and the districts of Westerwaldkreis and Neuwied.