hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal physiology
Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products. The GI tract is composed of the alimentary canal, that runs from the mouth to the anus, as well as the associated glands, chemicals, hormones, and enzymes that assist in digestion. The major processes that occur in the GI tract are: motility, secretion, regulation, digestion and circulation. The proper function and coordination of these processes are vital for maintaining good health by providing for the effective digestion and uptake of nutrients.

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Eugen Wiedmaier
Eugen Wiedmaier (16 November 1900 – 14 March 1940) was a German political activist and party official (KPD) who engaged in anti-fascist resistance after 1933. Following six years in solitary confinement, he died while detained at the main penitentiary in Ludwigsburg, during the first part of 1940. The death was reported as a suicide.

Enabling Act of 1933
The Enabling Act of 1933 (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz, officially titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich lit. 'Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich') was a law that gave the German Cabinet—most importantly, the chancellor, Adolf Hitler—the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or President Paul von Hindenburg. By allowing the chancellor to override the checks and balances in the constitution, the Enabling Act of 1933 was a pivotal step in the transition from the democratic Weimar Republic to the totalitarian dictatorship of Nazi Germany.
Hotels in Moscow
Like every other large city, Moscow has many hotels rated from 2 to 5 stars. Several large hotel chains are present in Moscow, including Sheraton, Marriott and Radisson.

In order to deal with high prices, numerous other options are available on the market, including hostels and short-term apartment rental.

Cosmos Hotel
The Cosmos Hotel is located in north-central Moscow in a green zone on Mira Avenue. It is located next to the VDNKh exhibition center, close to Ostankino Telecom Tower, the Olympic Stadium and the "Sokolniki" Exhibition Complex.
Brenham (meteorite)
Brenham is a pallasite meteorite found near Haviland, a small town in Kiowa County, Kansas, United States.  Pallasites are a type of stony–iron meteorite that when cut and polished show yellowish olivine (peridot) crystals.  The Brenham meteorite is associated with the Haviland Crater.

Stony-iron meteorite
Stony-iron meteorites or siderolites are meteorites that consist of nearly equal parts of meteoric iron and silicates. This distinguishes them from the stony meteorites, that are mostly silicates, and the iron meteorites, that are mostly meteoric iron.

Stony-iron meteorites are all differentiated, meaning that they show signs of alteration. They are therefore achondrites.

The stony-irons are divided into mesosiderites and pallasites. Pallasites have a matrix of meteoric iron with embedded silicates (most of it olivine). Mesosiderites are breccias which show signs of metamorphism. The meteoric iron occurs in clasts instead of a matrix.

They are in the top rank of all Meteorite classification schemes, usually called "Type".
Gmina Przewóz
Gmina Przewóz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, on the German border. Its seat is the village of Przewóz, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Żary and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 178.32 square kilometres (68.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,157.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Muskau Bend Landscape Park.

Żary County
Żary County (Polish: powiat żarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żary, which lies 43 km (27 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra and 123 km (76 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The county contains three other towns: Lubsko, lying 21 km (13 mi) north-west of Żary, Jasień, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Żary, and Łęknica, 30 km (19 mi) west of Żary.

The county covers an area of 1,393.49 square kilometres (538.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 96,496, out of which the population of Żary is 37,502, that of Lubsko is 13,921, that of Jasień is 4,309, that of Łęknica is 2,478, and the rural population is 38,286.
Banu Shayban
The Banu Shayban (Arabic: بنو شيبان, romanized: Banū Shaybān) is an Arab tribe, a branch of the Banu Bakr. In pre-Islamic times, they were the most important force of the Banu Bakr tribe in defeating the Persians at the Battle of Dhi Qar.

Throughout the early Islamic era, the tribe was settled chiefly in al-Jazira Province and played an important role in its history.

Thierry Bianquis
Thierry Bianquis (3 August 1935 – 2 September 2014) was a French Orientalist and Arabist. His main interest was the medieval Islamic Middle East, most notably the Fatimid era of Egypt and Syria, which was the subject of his dissertation.

Born in Broummana, Lebanon, in 1935, he spent his childhood in the country before coming to France for his higher education. He was a resident of the Institut Français d'Etudes Arabes de Damas at Damascus in 1967–1975, and served as its director in 1975–1981, as well as a member of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale at Cairo in 1971–1975. In 1991, he was elected professor of Islamic history and civilisation at Université Lumière Lyon 2. Alongside his own voluminous publications, he served as an editor of the second edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, and was one of the main authors of The Cambridge history of Egypt: Islamic Egypt (641-1517).
2018–19 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Grand Est
The 2018–19 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Grand Est was the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Grand Est region of France took part in the main competition from the seventh round.

2018–19 Coupe de France preliminary rounds
The 2018–19 Coupe de France preliminary rounds made up the qualifying competition to decide which teams took part in the main competition from round 7. This was the 102nd season of the main football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and was open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2018 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2017–18 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, Saint Martin and Saint Pierre and Miquelon).
Unchained camera technique
The unchained camera technique (entfesselte Kamera in German) was an innovation by cinematographer Karl Freund that allowed for filmmakers to get shots from cameras in motion enabling them to use pan shots, tracking shots, tilts, crane shots, etc.

The technique was introduced by Freund in the 1924 silent film The Last Laugh and is arguably the most important stylistic innovation of the 20th century, setting the stage for some of the most commonly used cinematic techniques of modern contemporary cinema.

Panning (camera)
In cinematography and photography, panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position.
This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. In the resulting image, the view seems to "pass by" the spectator as new material appears on one side of the screen and exits from the other, although perspective lines reveal that the entire image is seen from a fixed point of view.

The term panning is derived from panorama, suggesting an expansive view that exceeds the gaze, forcing the viewer to turn their head in order to take everything in. Panning, in other words, is a device for gradually revealing and incorporating off-screen space into the image.
2017 Tour of Utah
The 2017 Tour of Utah was a seven-stage road cycling race held from July 31 to August 6, 2017, and the 13th edition of the Tour of Utah. It was rated as a 2.HC on the 2017 UCI America Tour. The race was won by Rob Britton of Rally Cycling.

2017 UCI America Tour
The 2017 UCI America Tour was the thirteenth season of the UCI America Tour. The season began on October 24, 2016 with the Vuelta a Guatemala and ended on October 15, 2017.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI America Tour cycling jersey. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
1st Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
The 1st Congress of the CP(b)U (Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)) was held in Moscow in July 5–12, 1918. It was a constituent congress which led to creation of the political party by way of uniting existing Russian Bolsheviks in Ukraine and left faction of the Ukrainian Social-Democrats. The congress took place at address ulica Rozhdestvenka, 11 (later ulica Zhdanova). Today in the building is located MArchI (Moscow Architectural Institute).

The 65 plenipotentiary and 147 consultative delegates represented 45 Party organizations that were accounted for over 4,000 Party members. The congress also attended about 60 guests.

On 6 July 1918 delegates of the Congress with arms in hands participated in liquidation of the Left SR uprising in Moscow.

Yan Gamarnik
Yan Gamarnik (Russian: Ян Гамарник; Ukrainian: Ян Гамарнік (Гамарник), Yan Hamarnik/Hamarnyk), birth name Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik (Russian: Я́ков Цу́дикович Гама́рник)), sometimes known as Yakov Gamarnik (Russian: Я́ков Гама́рник; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1894 – 31 May 1937), was the Chief of the Political Department of the Red Army from 1930 to 1937, Deputy Commissar of Defense 1930—1934 and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia 1928–1930.
Hennops River
The Hennops River is one of the larger rivers that drains Gauteng, South Africa. It has its source near Kempton Park, east of Johannesburg and meets the Crocodile River shortly before Hartbeespoort Dam. It is one of Gauteng's most polluted rivers.

Rietvlei Dam
The Rietvlei dam is an earth-fill type dam and  is one of a number of dams supplying water to the Pretoria region of South Africa. It supplies around 41 million liters of drinking water daily, about 5.9% of the water requirement of Pretoria. The dam mainly serves for municipal and industrial use. Its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

Constructed as an earth-fill dam wall with a brick core in 1932/4, it was extended between 1988 and 1990 by raising the dam wall with the addition of a concrete wave wall and a reinforced earth barrier wall, as well as a surfaced roadway, on top of the original wall.

The dam is fed by the Rietvlei, a river of the Crocodile River (Limpopo) basin, as well as by five fountains and five boreholes.

The Rietvlei Nature Reserve occupies the area immediately surrounding the dam.
Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah
Sultan Azlan Shah University (Malay: Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah) (USAS) is a private university in Malaysia. Situated in Kuala Kangsar, Perak, it was previously known as Sultan Azlan Shah Islamic University College (KUISAS).

Kuala Kangsar District
The Kuala Kangsar District (Perak Malay: Kole Kangso) is a district in Perak, Malaysia. Kuala Kangsar shares its borders with Larut, Matang and Selama at the west, Hulu Perak at the north, Gua Musang of Kelantan at the east, Kinta at the south, Perak Tengah and Manjung at the southwest. The seat of this district is the town of Kuala Kangsar.
Johnny Herrera (footballer)
Johnny Cristián Herrera Muñoz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɟʝonjeˈreɾa], born 9 May 1981) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He has played the most part of his career at Universidad de Chile, winning for the club eight league titles, a Copa Sudamericana, three cup titles and a supercup in 2015.

He has represented Chilean football team at U20 level and Olympic level too, playing 21 official times for the adult team.

Herrera has been part of Chile's both Copa América titles in 2015 and 2016.

2011 Campeonato Nacional Primera División
The 2011 Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Chileno season (known as the 2011 Campeonato Nacional Petrobras for sponsorship reasons) was the 80th season of top-flight football in Chile. Universidad Católica was the defending champion. Universidad de Chile won both the Apertura and the Clausura Championships
Liga IV Argeș
Liga IV Argeș is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Argeș County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Argeș – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Argeș, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum (Latin, 'clear layer') is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers, it is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin, an intermediate form of keratin. They are surrounded by an oily substance that is the result of the exocytosis of lamellar bodies accumulated while the keratinocytes are moving through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

The thickness of the stratum lucidum is controlled by the rate of mitosis (division) of the epidermal cells. Melanosomes in the stratum basale determine the darkness of the stratum lucidum.

Lamellar bodies
In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin. They are oblong structures, appearing about 300-400 nm in width and 100-150 nm in length in transmission electron microscopy images. Lamellar bodies in the alveoli of the lungs fuse with the cell membrane and release pulmonary surfactant into the extracellular space.
2017 FIBA 3x3 World Tour – Prague Masters
The 2017 FIBA 3x3 World Tour Prague Masters was a 3x3 basketball tournament held in Prague, Czech Republic at a temporary venue constructed at the Wenceslas Square from August 5–6, 2017. This was the third stop on the 2017 FIBA 3x3 World Tour.

2017 FIBA 3x3 World Tour
The 2017 FIBA 3x3 World Tour is the 6th season of the FIBA 3x3 World Tour, the highest professional 3x3 basketball competition in the World. The tournament is organized by FIBA.

The World Tour Final was held in Beijing, China at the Bloomage Live Hi-Up shopping mall.
Philip Reyley
Philip Reyley (recte O’Reilly) (c. 1630 – after 1689) was an M.P. for County Cavan in the Parliament of Ireland of 1689, known as the Patriot Parliament. He was known as Philip Reilly senior to distinguish him from Philip Og O'Reilly the contemporaneous MP for the borough of Cavan. He lived in Aghacreevy townland in the Civil Parish of Ballymachugh, Barony of Clanmahon, County Cavan. Reyley was probably the Philip Reilly senior who was elected a member of Cavan Corporation on 23 February 1688.

Patriot Parliament
The Patriot Parliament is the name commonly used for the Irish Parliament session called by King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland which lasted from 1688 to 1691. The first since 1666, it held only one session, which lasted from 7 May 1689 to 20 July 1689. Irish nationalist historian Sir Charles Gavan Duffy first used the term Patriot Parliament in 1893.

The House of Commons was 70 members short since there were no elections in the northern counties; as a result, its members were overwhelmingly Old English and Catholic. Sir Richard Nagle was elected speaker, while the House of Lords was led by Baron Fitton; the opposition was led by Anthony Dopping, a Church of Ireland cleric who served as the Bishop of Meath.

The term is controversial, for this Parliament was deeply divided. The deliberate destruction of its records after 1695 means that assessments, both negative and positive, often rely on individual accounts.
Garbagna, Piedmont
Garbagna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Garbagna borders the following municipalities: Avolasca, Borghetto di Borbera, Brignano-Frascata, Casasco, Castellania Coppi, Dernice, and Sardigliano. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Brignano-Frascata
Brignano-Frascata is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Alessandria.
Chōjagadaira Site
The Chōjagadaira site (長者ヶ平遺跡, Chōjagadaira iseki) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a Jōmon period settlement located in the Ogi neighborhood of the city of Sado, Niigata in the Hokuriku region of Japan.  The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2009.

Sado, Niigata
Sado (佐渡市, Sado-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.do, sa.doꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located on Sado Island (佐渡島, Sado(ga)shima) in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Since 2004, the city has comprised the entire island, although not all of its total area is urbanized. Sado is the sixth largest island of Japan in area following the four main islands and Okinawa Island (excluding the Northern Territories). As of June 1, 2023, the city has an estimated population of 48,195 and a population density of 56.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (146/sq mi). The total area is 855.69 square kilometres (330.38 sq mi).
Bethune–Cookman Wildcats men's basketball
The Bethune–Cookman Wildcats men's basketball team represents Bethune–Cookman University in the sport of basketball. The Wildcats compete in the NCAA Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). They play their home games in Moore Gymnasium on campus in Daytona Beach, Florida. They are coached by former NBA player and Sacramento Kings coach Reggie Theus. The team has been playing since 1930, having joined Division I along with the rest of the conference in 1980.

The Wildcats are one of 34 eligible Division I programs to have never appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They are the only SWAC team to never reach the tournament and one of just two (with Florida A&M) to never win the SWAC tournament.

Cy McClairen
Jack Forsyth "Cy" McClairen  (March 2, 1931 – December 28, 2020) was an American professional football player and college coach.  He played as an end for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the 1953 NFL draft, but served a two-year stint in the Army. At Bethune–Cookman University, McClairen had duties as head coach in football and basketball as well as duties as athletic director. He served as head football coach from 1961 to 1972 and again from 1994 to 1996. He also coached the most wins for men's basketball in Bethune–Cookman history, having amassed a record of 397–427 in 31 total seasons.

McClairen died on December 28, 2020.
Pierluigi Gollini
Pierluigi Gollini (born 18 March 1995) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A club Roma. He also plays for the Italy national team.

Having played at SPAL and Fiorentina at youth level and graduating from Manchester United's youth academy, Gollini began his senior career with Hellas Verona in 2014, and joined Atalanta in 2018 after playing for Aston Villa in 2016.

2022–23 Serie A
The 2022–23 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 121st season of top-tier Italian football, the 91st in a round-robin tournament, and the 13th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Napoli won the title with five matches remaining after a 1–1 draw against Udinese at the Dacia Arena on 4 May 2023.

Napoli's title was their third league title in club history and their first since Diego Maradona led them to victory in 1990 — bringing an end to their 33-year Scudetto drought. AC Milan, the defending champions, finished in fourth place. It was the first time since Roma in 2001 that a club other than AC Milan, Inter Milan or Juventus had won the Serie A title.
Knockmark
Knockmark (Irish: Cnoc Marc) is a civil parish located in south County Meath, Ireland, just west of the commuter town of Dunshaughlin. It comprises eleven townlands—Augherskea, Baronstown, Bedfanstown, Drumree, Glane Great, Glane Little, Kilcooly, Knockmark, Merrywell, Mooretown, and Warrenstown. Several of the townlands lie within the Dunsany estate, and parts also lie within the grounds of the former Warrenstown Agricultural College. Most of its northern boundary is defined by the River Skane, a tributary of the River Boyne.

Dunshaughlin
Dunshaughlin (Irish: Dún Seachlainn, meaning 'the fort of Seachlainn' or locally Irish: Domhnach Seachnaill, meaning 'St Seachnall's Church') is a town in County Meath, Ireland. A commuter town for nearby Dublin, Dunshaughlin more than tripled in population (from 2,139 to 6,644 inhabitants) between the 1996 and 2022 censuses. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.