hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sisquoc Formation
The Sisquoc Formation is a sedimentary geologic unit widespread in  Southern California, both on the coast and in mountains near the coast.  Overlying the Monterey Formation, it is of upper Miocene and lower Pliocene age (from about 4 to 6 million years old).  The formation consists of claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, diatomite, and conglomerates, with considerable regional variation, and was deposited in a moderately deep marine environment at a depth of approximately 500–5,000 feet (150–1,520 m).  Since some of its diatomites, along with those of the underlying Monterey Formation, are of unusual purity and extent, they can be mined as diatomaceous earth.  France-based Imerys operates a mine in the Sisquoc and Monterey Formations in the hills south of Lompoc, California, the largest such operation in the world.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Lotoshinsky District
Lotoshinsky District (Russian: Лотоши́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Tver Oblast in the north and west, Volokolamsky District in the southeast, Shakhovskoy District in the southwest, and with Klinsky District in the east. The area of the district is 979.57 square kilometers (378.21 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Lotoshino. Population: 17,859 (2010 Census);  18,337 (2002 Census); 18,290 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lotoshino accounts for 31.1% of the district's total population.

Shakhovskoy District
Shakhovskoy District (Russian: Шаховско́й райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,218.88 square kilometers (470.61 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Shakhovskaya. Population: 25,372 (2010 Census);  23,061 (2002 Census); 23,783 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shakhovskaya accounts for 42.3% of the district's total population.
Huys Clingendael
Clingendael is the name of a 17th-century manor house and surrounding parkland just outside The Hague, Netherlands, in the municipality of Wassenaar. Since 1982, it houses the  Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael.

Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael
The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael (Dutch: Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen Clingendael) or Clingendael Institute (Instituut Clingendael) is a Dutch think tank and academy on international relations. Based in Wassenaar on the municipal border with The Hague, the institute also publishes Clingendael Magazine 'Spectator', an online monthly on international politics. As of 2012, the institute is organised into two departments: Clingendael Research and Clingendael Academy.

Chairman of the Clingendael Institute is Paul van der Heijden. General Director is Monika Sie Dhian Ho. Peter Haasbroek is Financial Director.
Run-pass option
The run-pass option (RPO) is a type of designed option play in American football in which the offensive team has the ability to either rush or pass the ball depending on the alignment and actions of defensive team. Like the standard read-option, the quarterback is responsible for viewing the actions of a particular defender (the "read man") and makes a decision to hand the ball off to their running back depending on how that defender chooses to act after the snap of the ball. However, unlike the read-option, the quarterback is responsible for making a decision regarding whether or not to throw a play-action pass to a receiver running a designed route, rather than simply the decision to keep the ball and run with it.

Rush (gridiron football)
Rushing is an action taken by the offense, usually by the halfback or running back, but it can also be by the quarterback, fullback, or wide receiver, that means to advance the ball by running with it, as opposed to passing, or kicking.
Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world
This timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world covers the time period from the eighth century AD to the introduction of European science to the Muslim world in the nineteenth century. All year dates are given according to the Gregorian calendar except where noted.

Samura ibn Jundab
Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazārī (Arabic: سمرة بن جندب, his father Jundab's name is also commonly transliterated as Jundub; died 677–679) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who fought at the Battle of Uhud in 627 and later participated in the Muslim conquest of Iran in the 630s–640s. In 670–673 he served as the lieutenant governor of Basra under Ziyad ibn Abihi, the supreme governor of Iraq and the eastern Umayyad Caliphate. During his deputy rule over Basra, he is held by the Islamic traditional sources to have ordered wide-scale executions of Kharijites in his jurisdiction. He remained governor of Basra under the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) for six to eighteen months after Ziyad's death in August/September 673 until the Caliph replaced him.
Polish opera
Polish opera may be broadly understood to include operas staged in Poland and works written for foreign stages by Polish composers, as well as opera in the Polish language.

The tradition reaches back to Italian language entertainments of the baroque.   Romantic opera in Polish flourished alongside nationalism after the partition and is exemplified by the work of Stanisław Moniuszko. In the 20th century Polish opera was exported and composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki wrote operas in other languages (Ubu Rex, Die Teufel von Loudun) that were translated into Polish later.

Wojciech Bogusławski
Wojciech Romuald Bogusławski (9 April 1757 – 23 July 1829) was a Polish actor, theater director and playwright of the Polish Enlightenment. He was the director of the National Theatre, Warsaw, (Teatr Narodowy), during three distinct periods, as well as establishing a Polish opera. He is considered the "Father of Polish theatre."
Salla National Park
Salla National Park is a Finnish national park located in the municipality of Salla in the eastern region of Lapland. Established on January 1, 2022, it is Finland's newest and 41st national park and covers an area of 99.83 square kilometers.

The national park consists of very representative ancient forests and small bogs, as well as glacier-shaped hills and ridges. The western part of the national park is bordered by the tourist and ski center of Sallatunturi, and the eastern part by the Finnish-Russian border. The town of Salla is less than 10 km to the northwest.

Within a year of its opening, the National Park had seen an increase in local economic activity and investment, as well as calls for a rail connection to be extended to Salla from its current terminus in Kemijärvi, c. 50 kilometres (31 mi) away.

Sallatunturi
Sallatunturi is a settlement in Lapland, Finland, located around 10 km south of Salla municipality. It is the location of Salla Ski Resort, which comprises downhill ski slopes, cross-country skiing trails, hotels, a spa, restaurants, and bars; the resort variously uses the slogan "in the middle of nowhere" or "in the middle of snowhere".
Tlatlauquitepec
Tlatlauquitepec is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla. It has been designated as a Pueblo Mágico since 2012. The name originates from the Nahuatl words "Tlatlahui" (to color), "Téptl" (hill), and "Co" (place), collectively meaning "hill that colors".

Pueblos Mágicos
The Programa Pueblos Mágicos  (Spanish: [pweβloˈmaxiko] ⓘ; "Magical Towns Programme") is an initiative led by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism, with support from other federal agencies, to promote a series of towns around the country that offer visitors "cultural richness, historical relevance, cuisine, art crafts, and great hospitality". It is intended to increase tourism to more localities, especially smaller towns in rural areas.

The program promotes visiting small, rural towns, where visitors may see indigenous crafts, landscapes and other attractions. The Government created the 'Pueblos Mágicos' program to recognize places across the country that have certain characteristics and traditions that make them unique, and historically significant, offering "magical" experiences to visitors.
Robert Hunter (merchant)
Robert Hunter (27 November 1792 – 7 September 1848) was a British merchant and unofficial diplomat in Siam during the reign of King Rama III. Hunter settled in Bangkok in 1824 and served as an intermediary between Westerners and the court until his departure from the country in 1844 over a trade dispute with the king.

William John Butterworth
Major-General William John Butterworth CB  (10 June 1801 – 4 November 1856) was the governor of the Straits Settlements from August 1843 to 21 March 1855.  In 1851, when the Straits Settlements were transferred from the authority of the Governor of Bengal to be directly under the control of the Governor-General of India, Butterworth remained as governor.
Jesús Comín Sagüés
Jesús Comín y Sagüés (19 April 1889 – 4 March 1939) was a Spanish Carlist politician and soldier. He has been twice elected deputy to the Republican Cortes. He is also recognized for his role during early days of the Civil War, when he decisively contributed to Nationalist seizure of Zaragoza and large part of Aragón.

Prince Jaime, Duke of Anjou and Madrid
Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, known as the Duke of Madrid (27 June 1870 – 2 October 1931), was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Jaime III and the holder of the Legitimist claim to the throne of France as Jacques I.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was an Act of the United States Congress to give effect to the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 2, Clause 3), which was later superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment, and to also give effect to the Extradition Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 2). The Constitution's Fugitive Slave Clause guaranteed a right for a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave. The subsequent Act, "An Act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the service of their masters", created the legal mechanism by which that could be accomplished.

Extradition Clause
The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of an accused criminal back to the state where they allegedly committed a crime.
Apyrrothrix araxes
Apyrrothrix araxes, also known as the dull firetip and the golf-club skipper, is a North American butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.  It is the only butterfly in the subfamily Pyrrhopyginae that occurs in the United States. It is also sometimes found in Mexico. They usually perch with their wings fully or partly open.  Adults are very fond of flowers.  Their flight is direct and quite fast, usually flying high above trees.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Immigration statistics in France
Statistics about the immigration to France are based on variables whose compilation is governed by law. They are mainly produced from the census. Statistics on residence permits, asylum applications and thematic surveys of population samples are also used. The data produced varies from one organization to another, due to differences in definitions.

The type and quality of statistics compiled from the census have evolved over time, in line with changes in the status of foreigners, the possibilities of acquiring citizenship and the nomenclature of population categories. Within the scientific community, in connection with the fight against discrimination, there is a debate on the recording of variables revealing the origins of individuals.

Statistics on immigration in France have a political dimension. Political discourse and public action rely on the interpretation or manipulation of figures to shape immigration policy.

Institut national d'études démographiques
The French Institute for Demographic Studies (French: Institut national d'études démographiques, pronounced [ɛ̃stity nɑsjɔnal detyd demɔɡʁafik]; INED) is a French research institute specializing in demography and population studies in general.
Two dots (diacritic)
Diacritical marks of two dots ¨, placed side-by-side over or under a letter, are used in several languages for several different purposes. The most familiar to English-language speakers are the diaeresis and the umlaut, though there are numerous others. For example, in Albanian, ë represents a schwa. Such diacritics are also sometimes used for stylistic reasons (as in the family name Brontë or the band name Mötley Crüe).

In modern computer systems using Unicode, the two-dot diacritics are almost always encoded identically, having the same code point. For example, U+00F6 ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS represents both o-umlaut and o-diaeresis. Their appearance in print or on screen may vary between typefaces but rarely within the same typeface.

The word trema (French: tréma), used in linguistics and also classical scholarship, describes the form of both the umlaut diacritic and the diaeresis rather than their function and is used in those contexts to refer to either.

Ü
Ü (lowercase ü) is a Latin script character composed of the letter U and the diaeresis diacritical mark. In some alphabets, such as those of a number of Romance languages, it denotes an instance of regular U to be construed in isolation from adjacent characters with which it would usually form a larger unit; other alphabets like the Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian and Turkish ones treat it as a letter in its own right. In those cases it typically represents a close front rounded vowel [y] ⓘ.

Although not a part of their alphabet, Ü also appears in languages such as Finnish and Swedish when retained in foreign proper names like München ("Munich"). A small number of Dutch and Afrikaans words employ the character to mark vowel hiatus (e.g. reünie /reːyˈni/ ("reunion"), a loanword marked with diaeresis to suppress the native reading of eu as a digraph pronounced /øː/).
Training Facility at Nova Southeastern University
Beyond Bancard Field, formerly Training Facility at Nova Southeastern University and Miami Dolphins Training Facility, is located on the Nova Southeastern University main campus in Davie, Florida. It is the former headquarters location for the Miami Dolphins, as well as a location for frequent special events.

Davie, Florida
Davie is a town in Broward County, Florida, United States, approximately 24 miles (39 km) north of Miami. The town's population was 110,320 at the 2020 census, making it the largest town in Florida by population. Davie is a principal town of the Miami metropolitan area. Horseback riding is common, as many of its historic buildings include ranches and other Western establishments.
Pok Oi Hospital
Pok Oi Hospital (Chinese: 博愛醫院; Cantonese Yale: Bok'oi Yīyún) is a major charitable hospital in Hong Kong, serving the northwest New Territories. Located in Au Tau in Yuen Long, it was founded by residents in 1919 when Yuen Long was a still rural town. The hospital later became a charity organisation, and extended its services to include schools, homes for the elderly, social welfare and other areas.

The hospital is now funded and managed by the charity and Hospital Authority.

Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western north New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.
Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance Research and Education Amendments of 2001
The Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance Research and Education Amendments of 2001 ("MD CARE Act", Pub. L. 107–84 (text) (PDF), H.R. 717, 115 Stat. 823, enacted December 18, 2001) amended the Public Health Service Act to provide for research with respect to various forms of muscular dystrophy, including Duchenne, Becker, limb girdle,
congenital, facioscapulohumeral, myotonic, oculopharyngeal, distal, and Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophies.

Congenital muscular dystrophy
Congenital muscular dystrophies are autosomal recessively-inherited muscle diseases. They are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by muscle weakness which is present at birth and the different changes on muscle biopsy that ranges from myopathic to overtly dystrophic due to the age at which the biopsy takes place.
Ximena Londoño
Ximena Londoño de la Pava (born 1958 in Cali, Colombia) is a Colombian botanist, specializing in agrostology. She has done extensive research on the bamboo genus Guadua in South America and Central America.

Agrostology
Agrostology (from Greek ἄγρωστις, agrōstis, "type of grass"; and -λογία, -logia), sometimes graminology, is the scientific study of the grasses (the family Poaceae, or Gramineae). The grasslike species of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), the rush family (Juncaceae), and the bulrush or cattail family (Typhaceae) are often included with the true grasses in the category of graminoid, although strictly speaking these are not included within the study of agrostology. In contrast to the word graminoid, the words gramineous and graminaceous are normally used to mean "of, or relating to, the true grasses (Poaceae)".

Agrostology has importance in the maintenance of wild and grazed grasslands, agriculture (crop plants such as rice, maize, sugarcane, and wheat are grasses, and many types of animal fodder are grasses), urban and environmental horticulture, turfgrass management and sod production, ecology, and conservation.
Novo Selo (Bela Palanka)
Novo Selo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ново Село) is a village in the municipality of Bela Palanka, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of  46 people. The etymology of the village comes from Slavic languages meaning new village, Novo Selo.

Bela Palanka
Bela Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бела Паланка, pronounced [bɛ̂ːlaː pǎlaːŋka]) is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of southeastern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the population of the town is 7,140, and the population of the municipality is 9,947. In ancient times, the town was known as Remesiana in Dacia Mediterranea. The name Bela Palanka means 'white town'.
Ibrahim Coulibaly
Ibrahim Coulibaly (24 February 1964 – 27 April 2011)  was a military and rebel leader in Côte d'Ivoire. A Staff Sergeant in the Armed Forces of Côte d'Ivoire, Coulibaly had served since at least the early 1990s.  As Côte d'Ivoire slid into communal conflict, Coulibaly joined the 1999 coup led by Robert Guéï.  A second coup, following 2000 elections that made Laurent Gbagbo President, saw Coulibaly in a leadership position, after which he came into conflict with fellow military leader Guillaume Soro.  During the ensuing eight years of division in the country, Coulibaly came into conflict with both sides, eventually returning to lead an Abidjan-based militia supportive of Alassane Ouattara.  Following the end of fighting, Coulibaly was killed in Abidjan by Ouattara's forces during an attempt to disarm his group.  Known popularly as "IB", he was 47 years old at the time of his death.

Second Ivorian Civil War
The Second Ivorian Civil War broke out in March 2011 when the crisis in Ivory Coast escalated into full-scale military conflict between forces loyal to Laurent Gbagbo, the President of Ivory Coast since 2000, and supporters of the internationally recognised president-elect Alassane Ouattara.

After months of unsuccessful negotiations and sporadic violence between supporters of the two sides, the crisis entered a critical stage as Ouattara's forces seized control of most of the country with the help of the UN, with Gbagbo entrenched in Abidjan, the country's largest city. International organizations have reported numerous instances of human rights violations by both sides, in particular in the city of Duékoué where Ouattara's forces killed hundreds of people. Around 3,000 people were killed in the conflict. UN and French forces took military action, with the stated objective to protect their forces and civilians. France's forces arrested Gbagbo at his residence on 11 April 2011.
Ustia (therapsid)
Ustia is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. It is known from a single species, Ustia atra, which was described in 2003 from an isolated lower jaw. Ustia was classified in the family Ictidorhinidae, which also includes the genus Ictidorhinus from South Africa. Both are relatively small biarmosuchians. Several other Russian therapsids known only from lower jaw bones have been placed in Ictidorhinidae, and the family is likely a paraphyletic assemblage representing a small body type than a true clade.

They are also small mammals. They were at first misclassified as gorgonopsians. Their bones are very important in classifying other bones from other biarmosuchians therapsids.

Biarmosuchia
Biarmosuchia is an extinct clade of non-mammalian synapsids from the Permian. Biarmosuchians are the most basal group of the therapsids. They were moderately-sized, lightly built carnivores, intermediate in form between basal sphenacodont "pelycosaurs" and more advanced therapsids. Biarmosuchians were rare components of Permian ecosystems, and the majority of species belong to the clade Burnetiamorpha, which are characterized by elaborate cranial ornamentation.
Shane Hand
Shane Hand (born 1975) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. He is the current manager of the Kilcormac–Killoughey team, having also played for the club. Hand also lined out at various inter-county levels with Offaly.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).