hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Centre for Higher Education Research Kassel
The International Centre for Higher Education Research Kassel (INCHER-Kassel) is an interdisciplinary research establishment of the University of Kassel, Germany in the field of higher education research and scientific research on higher education institutions. Researchers at INCHER-Kassel are involved in the study of various aspects related to higher education, university studies, and science, and work on a broad range of themes and disciplines at the interface of higher education systems and other social contexts. INCHER-Kassel is one among the few higher education research institutions in Germany that is attached to a university and is the only research establishment of its kind that has operated successfully for more than three decades. It is widely considered as one of the most significant international institutions in higher education research.

University of Kassel
The University of Kassel (German: Universität Kassel) is a university founded in 1971 located in Kassel, Hessen, in central Germany. As of February 2022 it had about 25,000 students and about 3300 staff, including more than 300 professors.

A special unit (Studienkolleg) prepares international students for their period of study (language and academic skills). International students come from over 115 countries.

Each academic year, more than 100 visiting scholars pursue research projects in cooperation with colleagues from the University of Kassel, making a valuable contribution to the academic and cultural life. The newly established International House is located on the campus. It offers hostels for international guests and is available for meetings, conferences, and cultural events.
Iliamna Bay
Iliamna Bay is a bay along the southeastern coast of the Alaska Peninsula. It is below the Chigmit Mountains. Old Iliamna is miles away and the Iliamna River are north of it. Cottonwood Bay borders it to the west and Cook Inlet to the south. Augustine Volcano, an island, is south of it.

Despite its name it is not located on Iliamna Lake or the Iliamna River; but it is the closest point on the Gulf of Alaska to the lake. A 15-mile (24 km) road connects the bay at Williamsport, Alaska, to Iliamna Lake. Boaters can be towed up it then navigate across the lake and down the Kvichak River to Bristol Bay in order to avoid a much longer trip around the Alaska Peninsula.

Bristol Bay
Bristol Bay (Central Yupik: Iilgayaq, Russian: Бристольский Залив) is the easternmost arm of the Bering Sea, at 57° to 59° North 157° to 162° West in Southwest Alaska. Bristol Bay is 400 km (250 mi) long and 290 km (180 mi) wide at its mouth.  A number of rivers flow into the bay, including the Cinder, Egegik, Igushik, Kvichak, Meshik, Nushagak, Naknek, Togiak, and Ugashik.

Upper reaches of Bristol Bay experience some of the highest tides in the world.  One such reach, the Nushagak Bay near Dillingham and another near Naknek in Kvichak Bay have tidal extremes in excess of 10 m (30 ft), ranking them — and the area — as eighth highest in the world.  Coupled with the extreme number of shoals, sandbars, and shallows, it makes navigation troublesome, especially during the area's frequently strong winds. As the shallowest part of the Bering Sea, Bristol Bay is one of the most dangerous regions for large vessels.
Sandy Glacier
Sandy Glacier is an alpine glacier located on the west slope of Mount Hood in the U.S. state of Oregon.  It extends in elevation from about 8,800 to 6,000 feet (2,700 to 1,800 m).  The glacier is the source of Muddy Fork, a tributary of the Sandy River.  The upper extent of the glacier is known for extensive crevasses. The lower extent was marked by the Sandy Glacier Caves, possibly the largest glacier cave system in the lower 48 U.S. states.

The glacier is a remnant of the massive glaciers that formed during the last ice age.  It is bounded on the south by Yocum Ridge which also defines the northern side of Reid Glacier, and by a ridge on the north which defines part of the Hood River-Clackamas county border which also bounds the south side of Glisan Glacier.  The glacier lies entirely within Mount Hood Wilderness.

Sandy Glacier decreased in area by 40% between 1907 and 2004. The glacier terminus has retreated by 690 metres (2,260 ft) over the same time period.

Mount Hood Wilderness
The Mount Hood Wilderness is a protected wilderness area inside the Mount Hood National Forest, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The area, covering 64,742 acres (26,200 ha), includes the peak of Mount Hood and its upper slopes, and ranges from temperate rain forests at the lower elevations, to glaciers and rocky ridges at higher elevations.

The wilderness wraps around the mountain from west to northeast, and borders Timberline Lodge and Mount Hood Meadows ski lifts on some of the south and east slopes of the mountain.
Hajdú County
Hajdú, formerly known as Hajdúság, was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. The capital of the county was Debrecen. The territory of the county is now part of the Hungarian county Hajdú-Bihar.

Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)
A county (Hungarian: vármegye 'castle-county' or megye) is the name of a type of administrative unit in Hungary.

This article deals with counties in the former Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century until the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see: Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see: Counties of Hungary.
GWR Hercules Class
The GWR Hercules Class were four broad gauge steam locomotives for the Great Western Railway. They were its first 0-6-0 locomotives, being built in 1842 by Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company stemming from the company's need for goods locomotives. This resulted in the last four Firefly Class locomotives being modified while still in production. From about 1865, the Hercules Class locomotives became part of the Fury Class, along with the Premier Class locomotives. They were withdrawn between 1870 and 1871.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
Qstay
Qstay is a hospitality and property technology company headquartered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Founded in 2020, the company operates as a virtual hotel brand, managing a portfolio of short-term rental properties that it equips with standardized hotel-like services and amenities.

Qstay's business model focuses on leasing, managing, and upgrading high-end apartments, villas, and penthouses in prime locations, then making them available for rent on various booking platforms. The company has also integrated blockchain technology into its platform, launching a native cryptocurrency token to facilitate payments and develop a decentralized hospitality ecosystem.

Tokenized real-world asset
Real-World Asset or RWA is an asset class within blockchain and cryptocurrency that represents a digital token of a tangible or intangible asset existing outside the blockchain ecosystem. These tokens are created through a process called tokenization, which aims to bridge the gap between traditional finance (TradFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi). RWAs can represent a wide range of assets, such as real estate, government and corporate bonds, commodities like gold, private credit, and works of art. This asset class is considered a key driver of digital asset adoption, with some financial leaders, such as BlackRock CEO Larry Fink, describing the underlying technology as "the next generation for markets."
The asset class has garnered significant attention from financial regulators, with bodies such as the U.S. President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets outlining frameworks for its integration into national financial systems.
Buzuluksky Uyezd
Buzuluksky Uyezd (Бузулукский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Samara Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Buzuluk.

Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast
Buzuluk (Russian: Бузулу́к) is a town in Orenburg Region, Russia, located on the Samara, Buzuluk, and Domashka Rivers, 246 kilometers (153 mi) northwest of Orenburg and 170 kilometers (110 mi) southeast of Samara.  Population:  82,904 (2010 Census); 87,286 (2002 Census); 83,994 (1989 Soviet census).
Llandyssil
Llandyssil (Welsh: Llandysul) is a village in the community of Abermule with Llandyssil, in Powys, Wales, in the traditional county of Montgomeryshire. It is about two miles from the town of Montgomery.

In 2001 there were 420 inhabitants in the parish, of whom 300 lived in the village itself.

Abermule
Abermule (Welsh: Aber-miwl) is a village lying on the River Severn 6 km (4 miles) northeast of Newtown in Powys, mid Wales. The A483 Swansea to Chester trunk road, the Cambrian Line railway, connecting Aberystwyth to Shrewsbury, and the Montgomery Canal, close to the river, all pass through Abermule. The village had a population of 900 as of the 2011 census.

The village is part of the Abermule with Llandyssil community.
Tarraghter
Tarraghter, also recorded as Erraghter and Farraghter (from Irish Arachtra), is an ancient Irish district in what is now north-eastern County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Tarraghter along with Melanagh were once part of the barony of Loughinsholin until the Plantation of Ulster, which saw them merge with the barony of Mountjoy (modern-day barony of Dungannon Upper).

The southern boundary of Tarraghter is the Ballinderry River running east, encompassing the greater parts of the parishes of Derryloran, Kildress, and Lissan that lies north of the river. It, however, excludes the termon land of Melanagh, which lie along the Lissan River.

Dungannon Upper
Dungannon Upper is a barony  in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was created in 1851 with the splitting of the barony of Dungannon. Lough Neagh runs along its eastern boundary, and it is bordered by four other baronies: Dungannon Middle to the south; Loughinsholin to the north; Strabane Upper to the north-west; and Omagh East to the south-west.
Capped heron
The capped heron (Pilherodius pileatus) is a water bird endemic to the neotropics, inhabiting rainforest from the center of Panama to the south of Brazil. It is the only species of the genus Pilherodius, and one of the least known of the heron family, Ardeidae. It is superficially similar to the group of the night herons, but is active during daytime or at twilight.

Night heron
The night herons are medium-sized herons, 58–65 cm, in the genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Gorsachius. The genus name Nycticorax derives from the Greek for "night raven" and refers to the largely nocturnal feeding habits of this group of birds, and the croaking crow-like, almost like a barking sound, call of the best known species, the black-crowned night heron.
Method of moments (probability theory)
In probability theory, the method of moments is a way of proving convergence in distribution by proving convergence of a sequence of moment sequences.  Suppose X is a random variable and that all of the moments

exist.  Further suppose the probability distribution of X is completely determined by its moments, i.e., there is no other probability distribution with the same sequence of moments
(cf. the problem of moments).  If

for all values of k, then the sequence {Xn} converges to X in distribution.

The method of moments was introduced by Pafnuty Chebyshev for proving the central limit theorem; Chebyshev cited earlier contributions by Irénée-Jules Bienaymé. More recently, it has been applied by Eugene Wigner to prove Wigner's semicircle law, and has since found numerous applications in the theory of random matrices.

Moment problem
In mathematics, a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure  to the sequence of moments

More generally, one may consider

for an arbitrary sequence of functions .
Chickering Hall (Boston, 1883)
Chickering Hall (est.1883) was a concert auditorium in Boston, Massachusetts, in the late 19th century. It occupied the second floor of Chickering and Sons showrooms on Tremont Street, near the corner of West Street. "Bradlee, Winslow and Wetherell were the architects, and Mr. E.P. Treadwell, the decorator. The hall [was] lighted by the Edison electric light." By 1895: "Tremont St., towards Boylston, for some years has been called Piano Row, for a long row of piano agencies occupied a good portion of the block; but of late most of these have migrated to Boylston St. Chickering Hall, at 152 Tremont St., was for many years a favorite place for fashionable musicales, and the headquarters of the musical profession."

Piano Row District
The Piano Row District is a historic district encompassing two blocks of buildings facing Boston Common at the corner of Tremont Street and Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts.  The district extends along Boylston from Park Square to Tremont, and along Tremont to Avery Street.  The district also includes two buildings on Tremont just south of Boylston: the Cutler Majestic Theater, and the 1925 Union Savings Bank building at 216-218 Tremont.  This area was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and became known as "Piano Row" because of the concentration of music-related businesses, including several piano showrooms.  The flagship store for M. Steinert and Sons, Boston's longtime Steinway dealer, has been located here since 1896, and features a fine underground performance hall, which has unfortunately been virtually abandoned due to fire codes.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Beaver Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Beaver Township is a township in Columbia County, Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 879 at the 2020 census. Beaver Township is named for Beaver Run, a tributary of Catawissa Creek, both of which run through the township.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Johnson thermoelectric energy converter
A Johnson thermoelectric energy converter or JTEC is a type of solid-state heat engine that uses the electrochemical oxidation and reduction of hydrogen in a two-cell, thermal cycle that approximates the Ericsson cycle.   It is under investigation as a viable alternative to conventional thermoelectric conversion. Lonnie Johnson invented it and claims the converter exhibits an energy conversion efficiency of as much as 60%, however, this claim is at a theoretical level based on comparison with a Carnot cycle and assumes a temperature gradient of 600 °C. It was originally proposed for funding to the Office of Naval Research but was refused. Johnson obtained later funding by framing the engine as a hydrogen fuel cell.  Johnson had been collaborating with PARC on development of the engine.

Thermoelectric generator
A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called a Seebeck generator, is a solid state device that converts heat (driven by temperature differences) directly into electrical energy through a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect (a form of thermoelectric effect). Thermoelectric generators function like heat engines, but are less bulky and have no moving parts. However, TEGs are typically more expensive and less efficient. When the same principle is used in reverse to create a heat gradient from an electric current, it is called a thermoelectric (or Peltier) cooler.

Thermoelectric generators could be used in power plants and factories to convert waste heat into additional electrical power and in automobiles as automotive thermoelectric generators (ATGs) to increase fuel efficiency. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators use radioisotopes to generate the required temperature difference to power space probes. Thermoelectric generators can also be used alongside solar panels.
The White Chapel
The White Chapel, formerly known as the "Old Chapel", is an historic Methodist church in Prince Edward, Ontario.  The chapel was built on land donated by Stephen Conger, a Loyalist from the former Province of New Jersey who settled in Hallowell Township in 1787.

Commenced in 1809, the chapel was the first Methodist church in Prince Edward County and one of the earliest in Upper Canada. Built by William Moore and financed by local subscription, it has been maintained as a place of worship for a longer period than any other church of Methodist origin in Ontario.

The church is situated in the former Township of Sophiasburgh, located in the Municipality of Prince Edward, Ontario.

Sophiasburgh Township
Sophiasburgh is an historic township in southern Ontario, Canada, one of the three original townships that formed Prince Edward County. The other two townships were Ameliasburgh and Marysburgh. It was named in 1798 after Princess Sophia, the fifth daughter of George III. The township was amalgamated into the Corporation of the County of Prince Edward, a single tier municipality, on January 1, 1998.

After the American Revolution, a number of United Empire Loyalists who settled in the area of Picton Bay. The White Chapel, north of Picton, was the  first Methodist church built in the county.
2014 Open 13
The 2014 Open 13 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the Open 13, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Palais des Sports in Marseille, France, from 17 February through 23 February 2014. Third-seeded Ernests Gulbis won the singles title.

2014 ATP World Tour
The 2014 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2014 tennis season. The 2014 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Dip dye
Dip dye (also known as tip dyeing) is a hair coloring style that involves dipping the ends of the hair into dye. The dye used can be naturally or brightly colored, the latter being the more popular choice. The method has become increasingly popular as a result of social media and use by celebrities. Dip dye originates from the process of tie dyeing clothing (especially T-shirts).

Dip-dyeing and the ombré hairstyle are similar. However, dip dyeing usually involves brighter neon colors and a less smooth gradient in color than an ombre style, which is typically a more blended and natural coloration. Another similar hair coloring technique that is confusing is balayage because it is so similar to Ombré, but looks like "growing-out" highlights.

Hair highlighting
Hair highlighting/lowlighting is changing a person's hair color, using lightener or haircolor to lift the level or brightness of hair strands. Hair colorants primarily come in to different forms: oxidative (permanent) and non-oxidative (semi-permanent and temporary).Permanent hair dyes bleach and add a new color to hair through the penetration of smaller dye precursors into the cortex and subsequent oxidation. There are four basic types of highlights: foil highlights, hair painting, frosting, and chunking. Highlights can be any color, as long as it is a lighter level than the surrounding hair. Hair lightened with bleach or permanent color will be permanent until new growth begins to show. Highlighted hair can make the hair appear fuller. Therefore, it is sometimes recommended for people with thin and fine hair.
Djursholms Ekeby station
Djursholms Ekeby is a railway station at Roslagsbanan in Sweden. It serves Ekeby in Djursholm in Danderyd Municipality and is 8.3 km from Stockholm Östra station.

The station was built at the same time as the railway, in 1885. Its original name was Djursholm, since it was situated close to Djursholm, but the name was changed to Danderyd in 1890, when the name Djursholm was transferred to the station which nowadays is called Djursholms Ösby. In 1915 the name was changed again, this time to Djursholms Danderyd, because Djursholm had become a town. The station was then renamed Djursholms Ekeby in 1935.

Stockholm Östra station
Stockholm Östra station (Swedish: Stockholms östra station or Stockholm Ö), literally Stockholm East Station, is a railway station in Stockholm, Sweden. It serves as the terminus for the Roslagsbanan narrow-gauge railway system.

Located on Drottning Kristinas Väg and Valhallavägen Östermalm in eastern central Stockholm, the station is situated near KTH Royal Institute of Technology and is adjacent to Tekniska högskolan metro station. The station features six tracks and three platforms.

Stockholms östra station is also transport hub for Stockholm, with connections to the Stockholm metro, city buses, and regional SL buses to Stockholm County's north-eastern municipalities such as Norrtälje and Vaxholm.
Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (d. 1677)
Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (1658 – 24 October 1677) was the daughter of Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon and his wife Elizabeth, and the third wife of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield.

She was born Lady Elizabeth Dormer at Ascott House, in Wing, Buckinghamshire.  She married the widowed Earl of Chesterfield c1665.

She had four children by the Earl of Chesterfield:

Lord Charles Stanhope d. 6 Feb 1703/4

Lady Mary Stanhope+ d. 10 Jan 1703/4

Lady Catherine Stanhope4 d. 1728

Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield b. 3 Feb 1672/73, d. 27 Jan 1725/26.

Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield
Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield (3 February 1673 – 27 January 1726) was an English peer. He was the eldest son of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield, by his third wife, Lady Elizabeth Stanhope. In 1692, Stanhope married Lady Elizabeth Savile, daughter of George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax. He was succeeded by his son, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield. His second son was Sir William Stanhope, a politician.
Oshdalaq-e Sofla
Oshdalaq-e Sofla (Persian: اشدلق سفلي, also Romanized as Oshdalaq-e Soflá; also known as Ashdalaq-e Pā'īn, Old Ushtulia, Oshtelaghé Sofla, Oshtelaq-e Pā’īn, Oshtolaq-e Soflá, Oshtolaq Pā’īn, Oshtoq-e Soflá, Ūshdelī-ye Kohneh, Ūshdelī-ye Pā’īn, Ushtulia, and Ushtulya) is a village in Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District, in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 703, in 180 families.

Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District
Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District (Persian: دهستان مهرانرود مرکزي) is in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nowjeh Deh-e Sadat. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kord Kandi, now a city.