hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tingzhou Prefecture
Tingzhou Prefecture (Chinese: 汀州府) was a prefecture in Fujian province from the Tang dynasty (唐朝) down to the early 20th century, when it was renamed Changtingⓘ (simplified Chinese: 长汀; traditional Chinese: 長汀; pinyin: Chángtīng).

Ninghua County
Ninghua (simplified Chinese: 宁化县; traditional Chinese: 寧化縣; pinyin: Nínghuà Xiàn) is a county of the prefecture-level city of Sanming, in western Fujian province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangxi to the west. The town of Shibi of Ninghua is well known as the cradle of the Hakka. Ninghua is also marked as the starting place of the famous massive Long March undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party in 1934.
Xerophyllum (plant)
Xerophyllum is a genus of perennial plants from the family Melanthiaceae. The genus is native to North America.

There are two species:

Xerophyllum asphodeloides (Pursh) Nutt. - southern Appalachians from Alabama to Maryland; also Delaware + New Jersey

Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. - Alberta, British Columbia, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon, N + W California

Some species formerly placed in this genus have been transferred to others (within the tribe Melanthieae):

Xerophyllum gramineum = Stenanthium gramineum (Ker Gawl.) Morong

Xerophyllum sabadilla = Schoenocaulon officinale (Schltdl. & Cham.) A.Gray

The elongated leaves of X. tenax, commonly known as bear grass, are used for basket weaving by the Native Americans. Xerophyllum asphodeloides, also known as turkey's beard, is a popular garden plant, producing spikes of white flowers.

Xerophyllum tenax
Xerophyllum tenax is a species of plants in the corn lily family. It is known by several common names, including bear grass, soap grass, quip-quip, and Indian basket grass. Beargrass can grow to be a little over 1.2 metres (4 ft) tall when in a preferred habitat and ideal conditions. The plant typically blooms at irregular intervals, depending on environmental factors such as moisture and temperature.

The plant is found in the same forested and meadowed areas where bears are commonly present. It thrives in environments such as the Pacific Northwest, California, and parts of the Rocky Mountains. Bears are known to feed on the softer leaf bases of the plant, which may have influenced its common name. The rootstock and pods were cooked and eaten by Native Americans, who also used the long, fibrous leaves for weaving.
1936 Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL) season
The 1936 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the team's fourth season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League (NFL). The team welcomed back head coach, Joe Bach who served his last year at the position (until returning in 1952). His team finished the season with the franchise's best record yet, at 6–6.

The Pirates played all of their home games at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, except for one that was played at Point Stadium in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

Point Stadium
Sargent's Stadium at the Point is a baseball park in the eastern United States, located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The "Point" refers to its location at the confluence of the Little Conemaugh, Stonycreek, and Conemaugh rivers. It is home to the annual All-American Amateur Baseball Association (AAABA) national baseball tournament and the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown's NCAA Division II college baseball team. It is also a venue for football and select soccer games, primarily at the high school level. The Johnstown Mill Rats, a collegiate summer baseball team in the Prospect League, began play at Point Stadium in 2021.
Ulmus 'Columella'
Ulmus 'Columella' is a Dutch elm cultivar raised by the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning, Wageningen. Originally thought to have been derived from a selfed or openly pollinated seedling of the hybrid clone 'Plantyn', DNA analysis later determined it arose from a cross of 'Plantyn' and Ulmus minor.  Sown in 1967, it was released for sale in 1993 after proving extremely resistant to Dutch elm disease following injection with unnaturally high doses of the pathogen, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.  However, propagated by grafting onto wych elm rootstocks, graft failure owing to incompatibility became a common occurrence in the Netherlands, as with earlier clones such as 'Lobel' and the practice abandoned, all trees now raised on their own roots.

Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward in Western Asia to Iran, in Africa to Libya, and in Southeast Asia into Indonesia.

Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping.
Sara Japhet
Sara Japhet (sometimes Sarah Yefet,שרה יפת ‎; November 18, 1934 – March 27, 2024) was an Israeli biblical scholar. She was the Yehezkel Kaufmann Professor Emerita of Bible Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is considered a leading authority on the books of Chronicles by Oxford University Press. Additionally, she is the recipient of the Israel Prize in 2004 for Biblical Studies.

Yehezkel Kaufmann
Yehezkel Kaufmann (Hebrew: יחזקאל קויפמן; also: Yeḥezqêl Qâufman; Yeḥezḳel Ḳoyfman; Jehezqël Kaufmann) (17 December 1889 – 9 October 1963) was an Israeli philosopher and Biblical scholar associated with the Hebrew University. His main contribution to the study of biblical religion was his thesis that Israel's monotheism was not a gradual development from paganism but entirely new.
Cornales
The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries.

Nyssaceae
Nyssaceae is a family of flowering trees sometimes included in the dogwood family (Cornaceae). Nyssaceae is composed of 37 known species in the following five genera:

Camptotheca, the happy trees: two species in China

Davidia, the dove tree, handkerchief tree, or ghost tree: one species in central China

Diplopanax: two species in southern China and Vietnam

Mastixia: about nineteen species in Southeast Asia

Nyssa, the tupelos: about 7–10 species in eastern North America and East to Southeast Asia

Among the extinct genera of the family are Mastixicarpum, very similar to Diplopanax, and Tsukada, an extinct relative of Davidia.

In some treatments, Davidia is split into its own family, the Davidiaceae. Diplopanax and Mastixia are also sometimes separated into the family Mastixiaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG III system included the genera of Nyssaceae within Cornaceae. The APG IV system recognizes Nyssaceae as a distinct family
Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company 2-4-0WT (1854)
This was a group of 18 2-4-0WT passenger steam locomotives, built by Robert Stephenson & Company and an extra locomotive built from spare parts supplied with the other 18. These locomotives not only provided the bulk workforce of the early private railway operators in Victoria, Australia, but upon their withdrawal they once again proved themselves useful as contractors' locos building some of the railway lines for the then expanding Victorian railway network.

Deniliquin railway line
The Deniliquin railway line (also known as the Bendigo railway line or the Echuca railway line) is a broad-gauge railway line serving north-western Victoria, Australia. The line runs from the New South Wales town of Deniliquin into Bendigo, before turning south-south-east towards Melbourne, terminating in Docklands near the central business district. It is a major trunk line both for passenger and freight trains, with many lines branching off from it.
Roygos Ridge
Roygos Ridge (Bulgarian: рид Ройгос, ‘Rid Roygos’ \'rid 'roy-gos\) is a mostly ice-covered ridge extending 9.6 km in a southeast-northwest direction, 3.2 km wide and rising to 1247 m on the east coast of Darbel Bay, Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It has rounded top and steep, partly ice-free north and south slopes, and surmounts Erskine Glacier to the south and Cardell Glacier to the north.

The ridge is named after the Thracian King Roygos (3rd century BC).

Darbel Bay
Darbel Bay (66°30′S 65°55′W﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 65.917°W﻿ / -66.500; -65.917) is a bay 25 nautical miles (50 km) wide, indenting the west coast of Graham Land between Stresher Peninsula and Pernik Peninsula.  Entered southwest of Cape Bellue and northeast of Cape Rey. The glaciers Widmark Ice Piedmont, Cardell, Erskine, Hopkins, Drummond, Widdowson, McCance, Solun, and Škorpil feed the bay.

It was discovered and roughly charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who gave it the name Baie Marin Darbel. The bay was further charted in 1931 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.
Saponification value
Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN)  represents the number of milligrams of  potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified. It is a measure of the average molecular weight (or chain length) of all the fatty acids present in the sample in form of triglycerides. The higher the saponification value, the lower the fatty acids average length, the lighter the mean molecular weight of triglycerides and vice versa. Practically, fats or oils with high saponification value (such as coconut and palm oil) are more suitable for soap making.

Monoglyceride
Monoglycerides (also: acylglycerols or monoacylglycerols) are a class of glycerides which are composed of a molecule of glycerol linked to a fatty acid via an ester bond. As glycerol contains both primary and secondary alcohol groups two different types of monoglycerides may be formed; 1-monoacylglycerols where the fatty acid is attached to a primary alcohol, or a 2-monoacylglycerols where the fatty acid is attached to the secondary alcohol.
Donald Buddo
Donald Smith Buddo (November 6, 1886 – July 27, 1965) was a Canadian athlete who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. He was born in Montreal, Quebec and died in London, Ontario.

In the 800 metres event, Buddo finished third in his initial semifinal heat and did not advance to the final.

Buddo lost his preliminary heat of the 400 metres competition to Georges Malfait, with a time of 51.2 seconds to Malfait's 50.0 seconds and did not advance to the semifinals.

He was also a member of the Canadian relay team, which was eliminated in the first round of the medley relay event.
Before the First World War, he played hockey with the famed Montreal Wanderers. In 1910, Don Buddo was a star halfback with the Edmonton Club of the old Western Football League.

Georges Malfait
Georges Désiré "Géo" Malfait (9 December 1878 – 7 December 1946) was a French sprinter. He competed in 100–400 m events at the 1906, 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics, but failed to reach the finals. Malfait won the national titles in 100 m in 1904 and 1905 and 400 m in 1905.

Malfait finished second behind Wyndham Halswelle in the 440 yards event at the 1905 AAA Championships.
Rhabdoscelus
Rhabdoscelus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae.

The species of this genus are found in Australia.

Species:

Rhabdoscelus interstitialis Zimmerman, 1993

Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval, 1835)

Rhabdoscelus similis Morimoto & Kojima, 2003

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Indalecio Liévano
Indalecio Liévano Aguirre (24 July 1917 – 29 March 1982) was a Colombian politician and diplomat, who as the 17th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations served as the 33rd President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1978. He also served as Colombia's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister Plenipotentiary to Cuba.

Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations
The permanent representative of Colombia to the United Nations  is the permanent representative of the Republic of Colombia to the United Nations, accredited as Concurrent Non-Resident Ambassador to the Republic of Kosovo, and Montenegro.

The permanent representative is Colombia's foremost diplomatic representative to UN, and Chief of Mission in New York City. The permanent representative however, is not the only high-ranking Colombian diplomat in the United States, the other two being the permanent representative of Colombia to the OAS in Washington, D.C., and the ambassador of Colombia to the United States, also in Washington D.C. The officeholder is charged with representing the interests of the President and Government of Colombia, and advancing the relations between Colombia and the general world community.
Jay Hakkinen
Jay William Hakkinen (born July 19, 1977) is a former biathlete. He is a four-time American Olympian, and his 10th-place finish in the 20-kilometer individual race at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy was the best finish ever by an American biathlete.

Hakkinen retired from the sport at the end of the 2013–14 season.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Oset Chapel
Oset Chapel (Norwegian: Oset kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Løten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Oset. It is one of the annex chapels for the Løten parish which is part of the Hamar domprosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church design in 1885 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The chapel seats about 70 people.

Løten Municipality
Løten is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Løten. Other villages in the municipality include Ådalsbruk, Heimdal, and Brenneriroa.

The 369-square-kilometre (142 sq mi) municipality is the 246th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Løten Municipality is the 133rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,931. The municipality's population density is 21.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (56/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Christopher Mitchum
Christopher Mitchum (born October 16, 1943) is an American film actor, screenwriter, and businessman. He was born in Los Angeles, California, the second son of film star Robert Mitchum and Dorothy Mitchum. He is the younger brother of actor James Mitchum.

California's 24th congressional district
California's 24th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. The district is currently represented by Salud Carbajal. It contains all of Santa Barbara County, most of San Luis Obispo County, and part of Ventura County. Cities in the district include Santa Barbara, Ventura, San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria, and Ojai.

Prior to redistricting in 2011, the district covered the inland portions of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, as well as a sparsely populated portion of the Ventura County coast. Redistricting in 2021 removed the northern part of San Luis Obispo County and added the cities of Ojai and Ventura.
Worms: Battle Islands
Worms: Battle Islands is an artillery turn-based strategy developed by Team17 and part of the Worms series, released for the PlayStation Portable and Wii in 2010. Players take turns controlling teams of anthropomorphic worms and using whatever means at their disposal to destroy opposing teams and become the one with the last team surviving. Both versions of the game were released to mixed reviews.

Artillery game
Artillery games are two- or three-player (usually turn-based) video games involving cannons trying to destroy each other. The core mechanics of the gameplay is almost always to aim at the opponent(s) following a ballistic trajectory (in its simplest form, a parabolic curve). Artillery games are among the earliest computer games developed; the theme of such games is an extension of the original uses of computer themselves, which were once used to calculate the trajectories of rockets and other related military-based calculations. Artillery games have been described as a type of "shooting game", though they are more often classified as a type of strategy video game.
Stefano Missio
Stefano Missio (born April 1, 1972, in Udine) is an Italian filmmaker.

He has made various documentaries among which When Italy was not a poor country, about Italy in the 1960s narrated by Joris Ivens, and Scusi, dov'è il Nord Est? produced by Fandango and On Line Productions for Arte (broadcast as Succes à l'italienne) and broadcast in Italy by Tele+. In 2005 he directed Il Ponte, a  fiction short-movie, screenplayed by Francesco Tullio Altan, starring Carlo Mazzacurati and Valentina Fago. His last work, Che Guevara - The body and the legend (2007), was broadcast in 12 countries. He lives and works in Paris.

Carlo Mazzacurati
Carlo Mazzacurati (2 March 1956 – 22 January 2014) was an Italian film director and screenwriter born in Padua. He started his cinema career in 1980.

His better known films include  The Bull (1994) and Holy Tongue (2000). He was educated and graduated from University of Bologna.

Mazzacurati died in Padua. He was an atheist. He was married to Marina Zangirolami until his death.
Clarke Tucker
Everett Clarke Tucker IV (born January 20, 1981) is an American attorney and Democratic politician from Central Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019, and currently serves in the Arkansas Senate since January 2021. In 2018, he unsuccessfully challenged incumbent French Hill to represent Arkansas's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.

Tucker also serves as Vice-Chair of the Arkansas chapter of Future Caucus, alongside Breanne Davis, Jamie Aleshia Scott, and Aaron Pilkington.

Breanne Davis
Breanne Davis is an American politician serving as a member of the Arkansas Senate from the 16th district. Elected in a special election, she assumed office on June 19, 2018. She also took on the position of Co-Chair for the Arkansas chapter of Future Caucus alongside Representative Aaron Pilkington.
Holy Week in Seville
Holy Week in Seville (Spanish: Semana Santa de Sevilla) is one of two biggest annual festivals in Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain, the other being the Feria de Abril (April Fair), which follows two weeks later. It is celebrated in the week leading up to Easter (Holy Week among Christians), and features the procession of pasos, floats of lifelike wooden sculptures of individual scenes of sorrowful Mysteries of the Rosary, or images of the grieving Virgin Mary.

Some of the sculptures are of great antiquity, considered artistic masterpieces, and hold cultural and spiritual significance for the local Catholic population.

Brass band
A brass band is a musical ensemble generally consisting primarily of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles that include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands (particularly in the context of New Orleans and Japan–style brass bands), but may be more correctly termed military bands, concert bands, or "brass and reed" bands.
1869 Dumfriesshire by-election
The 1869 Dumfriesshire by-election was fought on 31 March 1869.  The by-election was fought due to the disqualification of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Sydney Waterlow, as he was deemed to be a government contractor.  It was won by the Conservative candidate George Gustavus Walker.

Dumfriesshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Dumfriesshire was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801 and in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 until 2005. It was known as Dumfries from 1950.
Developmental systems theory
Developmental systems theory (DST) is an overarching theoretical perspective on biological development, heredity, and evolution. It emphasizes the shared contributions of genes, environment, and epigenetic factors on developmental processes. DST, unlike conventional scientific theories, is not directly used to help make predictions for testing experimental results; instead, it is seen as a collection of philosophical, psychological, and scientific models of development and evolution. As a whole, these models argue the inadequacy of the modern evolutionary synthesis on the roles of genes and natural selection as the principal explanation of living structures. Developmental systems theory embraces a large range of positions that expand biological explanations of organismal development and hold modern evolutionary theory as a misconception of the nature of living processes.

Linda Gottfredson
Linda Susanne Gottfredson (née Howarth; born 1947) is an American psychologist and writer. She is professor emerita of educational psychology at the University of Delaware and co-director of the Delaware-Johns Hopkins Project for the Study of Intelligence and Society. She is best known for writing the 1994 letter "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", which was published in the Wall Street Journal in defense of Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's controversial book The Bell Curve (1994).

She is on the boards of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences, the International Society for Intelligence Research, and the editorial boards of the academic journals Intelligence, Learning and Individual Differences, and Society.
Sedláček
Sedláček (feminine: Sedláčková) is a Czech surname. It is a diminutive of Sedlák, which means a 'peasant farmer' or 'freeman farmer' who was relatively wealthy and owned his own land. Since the time of Austria-Hungary, which included Czech lands, the surname is also known under German and Hungarian spellings.

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.