hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Method of moving asymptotes
The Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is an optimization algorithm developed by Krister Svanberg in the 1980s. It's primarily used for solving non-linear programming problems, particularly those related to structural design and topology optimization.

Nonlinear programming
In mathematics, nonlinear programming (NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function. An optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema (maxima, minima or stationary points) of an objective function over a set of unknown real variables and conditional to the satisfaction of a system of equalities and inequalities, collectively termed constraints. It is the sub-field of mathematical optimization that deals with problems that are not linear.
Jameh Mosque of Jajarm
The Jameh Mosque of Jajarm (Persian: مسجد جامع جاجرم; Arabic: جامع جاجرم) is a Shi'ite Friday mosque, located inside the city of  Jajarm, in the province of North Khorasan, Iran. The mosque was completed in the 4th century AH (10–11th century CE).

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 23 January 1978 and is administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Ryukyu Broadcasting Corporation
Ryukyu Broadcasting Corporation (琉球放送株式会社, Ryūkyū Hōsō Kabushiki-gaisha; RBC) is a Japanese regional broadcasting company headquartered in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture. The broadcaster's radio division, RBC iRadio, callsign JORR serves as an affiliate of the Japan Radio Network, while its television division,  RBC Television, callsign JORR-DTV (channel 3) serves as an affiliate of the Japan News Network. Both stations serve said prefecture while its studios and headquarters are located in the Kumogi district of Naha which is shared with the headquarters of Ryukyu Asahi Broadcasting, which RBC has a relationship with. The station commenced its radio broadcasts in October 1954 and television broadcasts in June 1960.

RBC's radio division, "RBC iRadio", is one of 4 JRN-only affiliates in the country, and the only one that carries JRN programming as a non-core affiliate. The other 3 JRN-only affiliates are key stations TBS Radio, CBC Radio, and RKB Radio.

RKB Mainichi Broadcasting
RKB Mainichi Broadcasting Corporation (RKB毎日放送株式会社, RKB Mainichi Hōsō Kabushiki Gaisha) (stylized as +rkb) is a broadcasting station located in Fukuoka, Japan. It is affiliated with the Japan Radio Network (JRN) and the Japan News Network (JNN). The company is owned by the MBS Media Holdings, Mainichi Shimbun, and the Aso Group.

The initials RKB stand for Radio Kyushu Broadcasting (ラジオ九州放送, Rajio Kyūshū Hōsō), the station's former name.
PZL W-3 Sokół
The PZL W-3 Sokół (English: "Falcon") is a medium-size, twin-engine, multipurpose helicopter developed and manufactured by Polish helicopter company PZL-Świdnik, now owned by Leonardo. It was the first helicopter entirely designed and produced in Poland.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
Michigan Mathematics Prize Competition
The Michigan Mathematics Prize Competition (MMPC) is an annual high school mathematics competition held in Michigan. First founded in 1958, the competition has grown to include over 10,000 high school participants (although middle-schoolers may also participate through a high school). The director and host of this competition changes every three years, the most recent director being Stephanie Edwards of Hope College. This competition consists of two parts, which are added together to determine score:

Part I: A 40 question, multiple-choice exam open to all Michigan high schoolers

Part II: A 5 question, proof exam given only to the Top 1000 scorers on Part I

The Top 100 scorers on the combined score of both parts of the competition are honored at an awards banquet, usually at the host university, although recent years have seen more than 100 people being awarded due to ties.

Herbert Henry Dow High School
Herbert Henry Dow High School (H.H. Dow High School) is a public high school located in Midland, Michigan, United States. The school, a part of Midland Public Schools, is a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence and in 2008 was named one of the top 20 High Schools in Michigan in a study commissioned by U.S. News & World Report.
Jorge Linares
Jorge Luis Linares Palencia (born 22 August 1985) is a Venezuelan former professional boxer. He has held world championships in three weight classes, including the WBC featherweight title from 2007 to 2008; the WBA super featherweight title from 2008 to 2009; and the WBA, WBC and Ring magazine lightweight titles between 2014 and 2018.

Golden Boy Promotions
Golden Boy Promotions, Inc. is an American boxing promotional firm based in Los Angeles, California. The company was established in 2002 by eight-time world champion (in six divisions) Oscar De La Hoya, borrowing his nickname "Golden Boy."
Monaco succession crisis of 1918
A succession crisis arose in the Principality of Monaco in 1918 because France objected to the prospect of a German national inheriting the Monegasque throne. Prince Albert I had only one legitimate child, the Hereditary Prince Louis, then heir apparent to the principality. As World War I drew to a close, Prince Louis, at the age of forty-eight, remained without legitimate issue, unmarried, and unbetrothed.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Ridley Park, Pennsylvania
Ridley Park is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Ridley Park had a population of 7,186. Ridley Park is the home of Boeing's CH-47 Chinook helicopter division.

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad
The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) was an American railroad, headquartered in Philadelphia, that operated in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland from 1836 to 1902. It was one of the four state-chartered railroads that merged in 1838 to create a single line between Philadelphia and Baltimore. Through purchases, leases, and other arrangements, it created a wider network of operations, including down the Delmarva Peninsula.

In 1881, the PW&B was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), which was at the time the nation's largest railroad. In 1902, the PRR merged it into its Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad.

The right-of-way laid down by the PW&B line is still in use today as part of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and the Maryland Department of Transportation's MARC commuter passenger system from Baltimore to Maryland's northeast corner. Freight is hauled on the route, formerly by the Conrail system and currently by Norfolk Southern.
Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Select Committee
The Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Select Committee was a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the Committee was to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, any associated public bodies and the government office for science.

The committee was dissolved on 30 September 2009 and replaced by the Business, Innovation and Skills Select Committee following the merging of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills into the new Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The committee was officially replaced by the Science and Technology Select Committee, which was re-established on 1 October 2009 and is made up of the same membership as the old Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills select committee.

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) was a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It was created by the Gordon Brown premiership on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. It was disbanded by the Theresa May premiership on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016.
Knaj
Knaj [knai̯] is a hamlet of Drogomyśl in the administrative district of Gmina Strumień, within Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Strumień, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Cieszyn, and 46 km (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice.

The settlement originated as a folwark (German: vorwerk), mentioned in 1722 as zum vorwerg Knay. It lies on the Knajka stream and on the southern outskirts of Kniejski Las (lit. Knaj's Forest). All this names are derived from a word knieja denoting a wild, dense forest. In 1735 Knaj was adjoined to a Catholic parish in Pruchna. Later it became a part of the modern municipality of Drogomyśl.

Gmina Strumień
Gmina Strumień is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Its seat is the town of Strumień.

The gmina covers an area of 58.4 square kilometres (22.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 13,240.
WOW 1996
WOW 1996 is a compilation album of thirty contemporary Christian music that was released on November 7, 1995.  This represented the first installment in a highly successful annual series named WOW Hits.  The album peaked at No. 144 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1995.  It also landed in seventh place on Billboard's Top Contemporary Christian album chart that year, and reached second place in 1996.  The album was certified as platinum in the year 1997 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Susan Ashton
Susan Ashton (born Susan Rae Hill; July 17, 1967) is an American contemporary Christian music and country music artist who topped the Christian charts throughout the 1990s. In 1991 she began using her mother's maiden name, Ashton, when she recorded her first single, in order to distinguish herself from fellow CCM singer Kim Hill.

Ashton has recorded eight studio albums to date, of which six were released on Sparrow Records. She has also charted fourteen number one hits on the Christian charts, and four singles on the Hot Country Songs charts; her highest-peaking song on the latter is 1999's "You're Lucky I Love You", which reached No. 37.
Eslamabad, Charuymaq
Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام آباد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād) is a village in Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136, in 27 families.

Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District
Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان چاراويماق جنوب غربي) is in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Araskonay-e Sofla.
Unified process
The unified software development process or unified process is an iterative and incremental software development process framework.  The best-known and extensively documented refinement of the unified process is the rational unified process (RUP). Other examples are OpenUP and agile unified process.

Enterprise unified process
The Enterprise Unified Process (EUP) is an extended variant of the Unified Process and was developed by Scott W. Ambler and Larry Constantine in 2000, eventually reworked in 2005 by Ambler, John Nalbone and Michael Vizdos.  EUP was originally introduced to overcome some shortages of RUP, namely the lack of production and eventual retirement of a software system. So two phases and several new disciplines were added.  EUP sees software development not as a standalone activity, but embedded in the lifecycle of the system (to be built or enhanced or replaced), the IT lifecycle of the enterprise and the organization/business lifecycle of the enterprise itself. It deals with software development as seen from the customer's point of view.

In 2013 work began to evolve EUP to be based on Disciplined Agile Delivery instead of the Unified Process.
Sturton Grange
53°47′49″N 1°21′29″W﻿ / ﻿53.797°N 1.358°W﻿ / 53.797; -1.358

Sturton Grange is a civil parish in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 417, reducing to 403 at the 2011 Census.

Most of the parish area is used for agriculture. Soft fruit is grown here at an industrial scale. Population is concentrated in the northwest near the boundary with Garforth. The M1 motorway passes through the northern parts of the parish, the Leeds to Selby railway through the southern parts. Garforth Airfield is located north of the railway near the centre of the parish area. Sturton Grange is a constituent electoral ward of Aberford & District Parish Council

City of Leeds
The City of Leeds, also known officially as Leeds, is a metropolitan borough with city status in West Yorkshire, England. It occupies the north east of the county and includes Leeds and its surrounding towns, including Wetherby, Garforth, Morley, and Otley. The borough had an estimated population of 845,189 in 2024, making it the second largest district in England by population after Birmingham.

The borough was created in 1974 as part of a reform of local government in England. It is one of five metropolitan boroughs within the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, which was created at the same time. Local government was shared between Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council until 1985, when the county council was abolished and the city council took on its responsibilities. The city council is a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority, a strategic body for the county.
European Championships (multi-sport event)
The European Championships was a multi-sport tournament which brought together the existing European Championships of some of the continent's leading sports every four years. The inaugural edition in 2018 was staged by the host cities of Berlin, Germany and Glasgow, United Kingdom between 2 and 12 August. The second edition in 2022 took place in Munich, Germany.

The various Europe-wide championships in the same disciplines that were held outside this quadrennial framework (e.g. annually in the cases of cycling, gymnastics, rowing and triathlon; biennially in the cases of athletics and aquatics) were unaffected by this event.

In January 2025, the UEC confirmed that the combined event would not be happening in 2026, and the future of the event is uncertain. In December 2024, the organising company behind the venture was dissolved.

European Athletic Association
The European Athletic Association (EAA, more commonly known as European Athletics) is the governing body for athletics in Europe. It is one of the six Area Associations of the world's athletics governing body World Athletics. European Athletics has 51 members and is headquartered in Lausanne.

Originally created in 1932 as a European Committee, it was made into an independent body during the Bucharest conference of 1969. The first European Athletics congress took place in Paris on 6–8 October 1970, with Dutchman Adriaan Paulen elected as its first president. From a volunteer-led organization based in the acting Secretary's home country, European Athletics has developed into a professional organization with a permanent base in Switzerland.

European Athletics runs and regulates several championships and meetings across Europe – both indoor and outdoor.
2021 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2021 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from May 17 to 23, 2021 in Aberdeen, Scotland.

Because of cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this was the first of two events for mixed doubles teams to qualify for the 2022 Olympics as part of the 2022 Winter Olympic Qualification process. The top seven National Olympic Committee teams from the championship qualified directly for the Olympics. China, as the host country for the Olympics, was already guaranteed an entry for a team selected by its national Olympic committee. The remaining two qualifying teams were determined at the 2021 Olympic Qualification Event, which was open to any nation that qualified for the 2020 or 2021 world mixed doubles championships (not already qualified for the Olympics) as well as the top three nations from the 2021 Pre-Olympic Qualification Event.

2021 Pre-Olympic Qualification Event
The Pre-Olympic qualification event in curling was held from October 5–15, 2021, in Erzurum, Turkey. It was the last chance for National Olympic Committees to qualify for the Olympic qualification event. For mixed doubles three nations qualified for the Olympic qualification event. For the other two disciplines, men's and women's, two nations qualified for the Olympic qualification event. Latvia, Turkey and Denmark qualified in the mixed doubles; the  Czech Republic and Finland qualified in men's; and Latvia and Turkey qualified in the women's.
Stuckenia striata
Stuckenia striata is a species of aquatic plant in the family Potamogetonaceae. It is known by the common names broadleaf pondweed Nevada pondweed and striped pondweed. It is native to the Americas, including the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. It grows in waterways such as rivers, canals, and shallow ponds, often in alkaline water. This is a perennial herb producing a long, thin, branching stem approaching 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in maximum length. The narrow, hairlike leaves are up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long and only a few millimeters wide. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers arranged in whorls and borne on a short peduncle.

Potamogetonaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over five genera. The largest genus in the family by far is Potamogeton, which contains about 100 species.

The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, and is considered to be one of the most important angiosperm groups in the aquatic environment because of its use as food and habitat for aquatic animals.
Bamboo construction
Bamboo construction involves the use of bamboo as a building material for scaffolding, bridges, houses and buildings. Bamboo, like wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures. Bamboo's strength-to-weight ratio is similar to timber, and its strength is generally similar to a strong softwood or hardwood timber.

Building material
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many human-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
David L. Grange
David L. Grange (born December 29, 1947) is a retired United States Army major general. He served with the 101st Airborne Division during the Vietnam War. He was later assigned to Delta Force, commanding a squadron during the invasion of Grenada and was deputy commander during the Gulf War. His last command was of 1st Infantry Division in Germany before he retired in 1999.

United States Army Special Operations Command
The United States Army Special Operations Command (Airborne) (USASOC)  is the command charged with overseeing the various special operations forces of the United States Army. Headquartered at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, it is the largest component of the United States Special Operations Command. It is an Army Service Component Command. Its mission is to organize, train, educate, man, equip, fund, administer, mobilize, deploy and sustain Army special operations forces to successfully conduct worldwide special operations.
1976 Rover 500K
The 1976 Rover 500K was an endurance race for Group C Touring Cars. The race was held at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 28 November 1976 over 106 laps, totalling 501.4 kilometres. The Rover 500K was Round 4 of the 1976 Australian Championship of Makes and Round 11 of the 1976 Australian Touring Car Championship. It was the sixth "Phillip Island 500K" race to be held.

The race was notable for being Colin Bond's last drive for the Holden Dealer Team after more than seven years in their lineup. Bond won the race from Charlie O'Brien, the driver who would replace him in 1977. In a generally poorly attended entry the pair finished four laps ahead of Peter Janson, providing a clean sweep of the podium positions for Holden Torana drivers.

Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit
The Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Ventnor, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. The current circuit was first used in 1952.

Along with The Bend Motorsport Park in South Australia, the 4.448 km (2.764 mi) long island circuit is one of two race tracks in Australia to carry a FIM Category A track licence which allows for the highest level of motorcycle racing, MotoGP. Phillip Island also carries an FIA Grade 3 track licence.