hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Napa (AT-32)
USS Napa (AT-32), originally Yucca, was a Bagaduce-class fleet tug of the United States Navy. The ship was laid down as Napa on 5 March 1919, at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Washington; launched on 24 July 1919; and commissioned on 5 December 1919.

Bagaduce-class tugboat
The Bagaduce class was a class of United States Navy fleet tugs.  The first ship of the class, USS Bagaduce (AT-21) was laid down on 16 July 1918 at Buffalo, New York, by the Ferguson Steel and Iron Company.  She was briefly named Ammonoosuc in February 1919, renamed Bagaduce on 24 February 1919, launched 5 April 1919, and commissioned at Buffalo on 18 September 1919.  The Bagaduce was constructed as part of the World War I shipbuilding program, and was the first of 19 new steel tugs designed to serve as minesweepers and conduct heavy-duty towing work at navy yards.
Nasir Khan Janjua
Nasir Khan Janjua HI(M) (Urdu: ناصر خان جنجوعہ) is a former three-star general of the Pakistan Army, who prior to retiring served as Corps Commander Quetta. He served as the 7th National Security Advisor of Pakistan from 23 October 2015 until his resignation on 27 June 2018.

Janjua's notable achievements include streamlining the National Security and War Course into a single cohesive program, eliminating the unnecessary overlap. Additionally, he spearheaded the development of Azm-e-Nau, a meticulously designed military preparedness exercise with a specific emphasis on India, while serving as President of the National Defence University in Islamabad.

Prior to becoming the 7th National Security Advisor, Janjua's name was mentioned as a possible replacement for Sartaj Aziz in Pakistani news media after his meeting with Nawaz Sharif. Janjua was appointed as NSA after the NSA staff moved to the Prime Minister's Secretariat on 23 October 2015.

Structure of the Pakistan Army
The structure of the Pakistan Army is based on two distinct themes: operational and administrative. Operationally the Pakistan Army is divided into nine corps and three corps-level formations with areas of responsibility (AOR) ranging from the mountainous regions of the north to the desert and coastal regions of the south. Administratively it is divided in several regiments (details below). The General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Army is located in Rawalpindi in Punjab province.
Tossy Spivakovsky
Nathan "Tossy" Spivakovsky (December 23, 1906 [O.S. December 10, 1906] – July 20, 1998), a Jewish, Russian Empire-born, German-trained violin virtuoso, was considered one the greatest violinists of the twentieth century.

Leon Kirchner
Leon Kirchner (January 24, 1919 – September 17, 2009) was an American composer of contemporary classical music. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and he won a Pulitzer Prize for his String Quartet No. 3.
Edae (area)
Edae (Korean: 이대) is a neighborhood in Seodaemun District, Seoul, South Korea. It is a popular shopping district for tourists and students of Ewha Womans University. Like Hongdae, the nearby university serves as a metonym for the area. Edae is full of budget-friendly shopping outlets and trendy clothing stores.

The Edae area is accessed via the Ewha Womans University Station on the Seoul Subway Line 2, also known as the green line. Many of the shops in the area cater to Ewha's female students specifically. The neighboring Sinchon is better known for nightlife.

Ewha Womans University station
Ewha Womans University (Korean: 이대역; RR: Idae-yeok) is a station on the Line 2 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. As its name indicates, it serves the nearby Ewha Womans University, although Sinchon Station on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line is closer to the school.
Nissan USA
Nissan North America, Inc., doing business as Nissan USA, is the North American headquarters, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Nissan Motor Corporation of Japan. The company manufactures and sells Nissan and Infiniti brand cars, sport utility vehicles and pickup trucks through a network of approximately 1,082 Nissan and 211 Infiniti dealers in the United States, including 187 independent Nissan dealerships, 38 Infiniti retailers and 45 Nissan Commercial Vehicle dealers in Canada. The Tennessee location is Nissan's second headquarter office after leaving Gardena, California, in 2005, having occupied the location for nearly 50 years.

Infiniti M
The Infiniti M is a line of mid-size luxury (executive) cars from the Infiniti luxury division of Nissan. From 2013 (model year 2014) on it has been marketed as the Infiniti Q70, reflecting the company's later naming formula.

The first iteration was the M30 Coupé/Convertible, rebadged variants of the JDM Nissan Leopard. After a hiatus, the M nameplate was used for Infiniti's short-lived mid-luxury M45 sedan, a rebadged version of the Japanese-spec Nissan Gloria and Infiniti's subsequent  flagship M35/45 and M37/56/35h/30d, based on the JDM Nissan Fuga.
Clausirion
Clausirion is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

Clausirion bicolor Galileo & Martins, 2000

Clausirion comptum Martins & Napp, 1984

They are commonly known as longhorn beetles due to their elongated bodies and long antennae.

Clausirion comptum
Clausirion comptum is a species of longhorn beetle in the Elaphidiini subfamily. It was described by Martins and Napp in 1984. It is endemic to Mato Grosso, Brazil where it flies from August to September.
Salt Lake Station
Salt Lake Station was a railway station in Los Angeles, California. It was located on the east side of the Los Angeles River at 1st Street. It was built by the Los Angeles Terminal Railway and began service in 1891, becoming a part of the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad in 1901 and the Union Pacific Railroad system in 1921. Local streetcar service was provided by the Los Angeles Railway. The building was heavily damaged in a fire in 1924, prompting the railroad to move passenger operations to Southern Pacific's Central Station.

Los Angeles Railway
The Los Angeles Railway (also known as Yellow Cars, LARy and later Los Angeles Transit Lines) was a system of streetcars that operated in Central Los Angeles and surrounding neighborhoods between 1895 and 1963. The system provided frequent local services which complemented the Pacific Electric "Red Car" system's largely commuter-based interurban routes. The company carried many more passengers than the Red Cars, which served a larger and sparser area of Los Angeles.

Cars operated on 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge tracks, and shared dual gauge trackage with the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Pacific Electric system on Main Street in downtown Los Angeles (directly in front of the 6th and Main terminal), on Hill St, on 7th St, on 4th Street, and along Hawthorne Boulevard south of Downtown Los Angeles toward the cities of Hawthorne, Gardena and Torrance.
Andrey Chibis
Andrey Vladimirovich Chibis (Russian: Андрей Владимирович Чибис; born 19 March 1979) is a Russian statesman and politician. He is currently the 5th Governor of Murmansk Oblast, since 27 September 2019. He was the acting governor of Murmansk Oblast on 21 March 2019 before officially sworn into office. He is the Secretary of the Murmansk regional branch of the United Russia party since 15 November 2019.

He was Deputy Minister of Construction, Housing and Utilities of Russia from 2013 to 2019, and formerly Chief State Housing Inspector of the Russian Federation 2014-2019. He has PhD in Law as of 2006.

Chibis was injured during a stabbing attack on 4 April 2024.

Governor of Murmansk Oblast
The Governor of Murmansk Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Мурманской области) is the head of the executive branch of government in Murmansk Oblast, in northwestern Russia. The position of governor under the current Charter of Murmansk Oblast was created in 1997. Until the adoption of the current charter, the head of Murmansk oblast was titled Head of the Murmansk Oblast Administration.
Ricky Landell
Ricky Landell (born April 25, 1982) is an American former professional wrestler. He is best known for competing in various independent promotions, the most notable being Ring of Honor, Pro Wrestling ZERO1-MAX / Pro Wrestling Zero1 and AWA Superstars of Wrestling / Wrestling Superstars Live.

WSL World Heavyweight Championship
The WSL World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world championship in the Wrestling Superstars Live promotion. It was originally known as the AWA Superstars of Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship.
Gaslamp Quarter station
Gaslamp Quarter station is a station of the Green and Silver Lines on the San Diego Trolley. It is located in the Gaslamp Quarter section of the city and serves the surrounding trendy neighborhood. A variety of entertainment destinations and restaurants, as well as Petco Park, are accessible from the station.

This station opened June 30, 1990 as part of the Orange Line's (then called the East Line) Bayside Extension; it should not be confused with the original Gaslamp (North) station that opened in 1981 and was permanently renamed the Fifth Avenue station in 1986.

The station remained open while undergoing renovations from February through July 2013, as part of the Trolley Renewal Project.

On September 2, 2012, service to this station by the Orange Line was replaced by the Green Line as part of a system redesign.

Green Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Green Line is a 19.8-mile (31.9 km) light rail line in the San Diego Trolley system, operated by San Diego Trolley, Inc. an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). The route serves downtown San Diego, Mission Valley, and the cities of La Mesa and El Cajon. The Green Line has the second highest ridership of the San Diego Trolley's three core lines, transporting 13,673,926 riders during FY 2014 - according to MTS.

The line is one of five lines in the trolley system, the others being the Blue, Orange, Copper, and Silver ("heritage weekend" service only) lines.
Lingzhi station
Lingzhi station (simplified Chinese: 灵芝站; traditional Chinese: 靈芝站; pinyin: Língzhī Zhàn; Jyutping: ling4 zi1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Líhngjī Jaahm) is an interchange station for Line 5 and Line 12 of the Shenzhen Metro. Line 5 platforms opened on 22 June 2011 and Line 12 platforms opened on 28 November 2022. This station is an underground station. Its Chinese name may have come from 灵芝 (Ganoderma lucidum).

Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 5 (formerly branded as the Huanzhong line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Chiwan to Grand Theater forming an arc around central Shenzhen. It opened on 22 June 2011. Line 5 is an important east west and orbital line that connects various sub-centers of Shenzhen. This led to Line 5 being heavily used. In 2014, average daily ridership exceeded 500,000 people, with over 1 million passengers using the line on 20 July 2018, setting a new record. Since 2019, Line 5 has surpassed Line 1 as the busiest line in the Shenzhen Metro network. By 2021, the line regularly carries well over 1 million passengers every day and reaching the predicted long term daily passenger volume.
Tomáš Sivok
Tomáš Sivok (born 15 September 1983) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a centre-back or midfielder. He made 64 appearances for the Czech national team scoring 5 goals. At club level, Sivok is best known for a seven-year spell with Turkish club Beşiktaş, playing over 200 matches for them. He has also played abroad for Udinese in Italy, Bursaspor in Turkey and Maccabi Petah Tikva in Israel.

AC Sparta Prague
Athletic Club Sparta Praha (Czech pronunciation: [ˈaː ˈtsɛː ˈsparta ˈpraɦa]), commonly known as Sparta Prague and Sparta Praha, is a professional football club based in Prague.

It is the most successful club in the Czech Republic and one of the most successful in central Europe, winning the central European Cup (also known as the Mitropa Cup) three times and reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) in 1992 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1973.

Sparta have won a record 38 domestic league titles, a record 16 Czech Cups (and its predecessor Czechoslovak Cup), and two Czech Supercups. Sparta was long the main source for the Czech Republic national football team; however, lately the best Czech players almost exclusively play in foreign leagues.

Sparta plays at Prague's Epet Arena, also known as Letná Stadium.
Daniele Luttazzi
Daniele Luttazzi (Italian pronunciation: [daˈnjɛːle lutˈtattsi]; born Daniele Fabbri on 26 January 1961) is an Italian theater actor, writer, satirist, illustrator and singer. His stage name is an homage to musician and actor Lelio Luttazzi. His favourite topics are politics, religion, sex and death.

La7
La7 is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by Cairo Communication and has another channel named  La7 Cinema, which had acquired it from Telecom Italia Media, itself owned by Telecom Italia, in 2013.

La7 features a generalist programming schedule, primarily focused on news, current affairs, and entertainment. The channel is known for its in-depth political analysis, talk shows, and investigative journalism, often serving as an alternative to Italy's major public and commercial broadcasters.

The official voice-over announcer of La7 is the renowned dubbing artist Francesco Prando, and advertising sales are managed by Cairo Pubblicità.

The channel is available across Italy via digital terrestrial television, as well as on satellite platforms such as Sky Italia and Tivùsat. It is also accessible in Switzerland through cable providers.
Bear Island (Maryland)
Bear Island is an island located in Potomac, Montgomery County, Maryland between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal near the Great Falls. It is managed by the National Park Service as part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park and is co-owned by The Nature Conservancy. One of its most popular attractions is the Billy Goat Trail. Pets are not allowed on Bear Island, nor is smoking.

Potomac, Maryland
Potomac (/pəˈtoʊmək/ ⓘ) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 47,018. It is named after the nearby Potomac River. A part of the Washington metropolitan area, many Potomac residents work in nearby Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia.
Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality
The Metaphysics of Quality (MOQ) is a theory of reality introduced in Robert M. Pirsig's philosophical novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974) and expanded in Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991). The MOQ incorporates facets of Sophistry, East Asian philosophy, pragmatism, the work of F. S. C. Northrop, and Indigenous American philosophy. Pirsig argues that the MOQ is a better lens through which to view reality than the subjective/objective mindset that Pirsig attributes to Aristotle. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance references the Sanskrit doctrine of Tat Tvam Asi ("Thou art that"), which asserts an existential monism as opposed to the subject–object dualism.

Reality
Reality is the state of everything that exists, not how they might be imagined. Different cultures and academic disciplines conceptualize it in various ways.

Philosophical questions about the nature of reality, existence, or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, a major branch of metaphysics in the Western intellectual tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, religion, mathematics, and logic. These include questions about whether only physical objects are real (e.g., physicalism), whether reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g., idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist (e.g., scientific realism), whether God exists, whether numbers and other abstract objects exist, and whether possible worlds exist. Skeptics question whether any of those claims is true, and suggest more extreme postulates.
Shoal Lake 28A
Shoal Lake 28A is an Indian reserve of the Shoal Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) east of Nipawin. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 424 living in 115 of its 118 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 46 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.

Nipawin
Nipawin (/ˈnɪpəwɪn/) is a town in Saskatchewan, Canada, on the Saskatchewan River portion of Tobin Lake. The town lies between Codette Lake, created by the Francois-Finlay Dam (built in 1986) and Tobin Lake, created by the E.B. Campbell Dam built in 1963, renamed from Squaw Rapids. The construction of Francois-Finlay Dam earned Nipawin the nickname the "Town of Two Lakes".

Nipawin is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Nipawin No. 487 and the Rural Municipality of Torch River No. 488 (the latter across the Saskatchewan River).

Highway 35 and Highway 55 intersect in Nipawin. The Nipawin Airport and the Nipawin Water Aerodrome also serve the community.

Nipawin is a Cree word meaning "stand up" which referred to a low-lying area along the river now flooded by Codette Lake where First Nations women and children would camp and wait for the men to arrive.
Gmina Kuczbork-Osada
Gmina Kuczbork-Osada is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kuczbork-Osada, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Żuromin and 115 km (71 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 121.64 square kilometres (47.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,036.

Żuromin County
Żuromin County (Polish: powiat żuromiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żuromin, which lies 121 kilometres (75 mi) north-west of Warsaw. Other towns in the county are Bieżuń, lying 13 km (8 mi) south of Żuromin and Lubowidz, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Żuromin.

The county covers an area of 805.01 square kilometres (310.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 38,688, out of which the population of Żuromin is 8,867, that of Bieżuń is 1,846, that of Lubowidz is 1,684, and the rural population is 26,291.
Stefan Żbikowski
Stefan Żbikowski (Russian: Стефан Жбиковский; February 24, 1891 – October 26, 1937) was a Polish communist activist, officer of the Red Army and commander of the Revolutionary Red Warsaw Regiment. He was one of the victims of the Great Purge and executed for apparent "counter-revolutionary activities" in 1937.

Communism in Poland
Communism in Poland can trace its origins to the late 19th century: the Marxist First Proletariat party was founded in 1882. Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy, SDKPiL) party and the publicist Stanisław Brzozowski (1878–1911) were important early Polish Marxists.

During the interwar period in the Second Polish Republic, some socialists formed the Communist Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP). Most of the KPP's leaders and activists perished in the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in the 1930s, and the party was abolished by the Communist International (Comintern) in 1938.
Imarti Devi
Imarti Devi (born 14 April 1975) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She had served as Minister of Women and Child Development in Madhya Pradesh Government, first in Kamal Nath's Congress government from December 2018 to March 2020, and later under Shivraj Chauhan's BJP government from July 2020 to November 2020. She lost the 2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections from Dabra against the Suresh Raje of Indian National Congress.

2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was declared by the Election Commission of India on 14 October 2008. Elections for 230 seats took place on 27 November 2008, and counting started on 8 December. The Bharatiya Janata Party won a majority of seats and Shivraj Singh Chouhan was sworn in as the Chief Minister for the second time.
Cryptothecia rubrocincta
Cryptothecia rubrocincta is a species of lichen in the fungal family Arthoniaceae. The species is distributed in subtropical and tropical locations throughout the southeastern United States, as well as Central and South America, and has been collected infrequently in a few locales in Africa. The body of the lichen forms continuous, circular crust-like patches on dead wood, readily recognizable by the prominent red pigment. The older, central region is covered with red, spherical to cylindrical granules. Moving outwards from the center, zones of color may be distinguished, the first gray-green, the second white, and finally a bright red cottony rim. The red and green colors of this unmistakable woodland lichen give the appearance of a Christmas wreath, suggestive of its common North American name, the Christmas (wreath) lichen. The red pigment, called chiodectonic acid, is one of several chemicals the lichen produces to help tolerate inhospitable growing conditions.

Arthoniaceae
The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in Arthonia which is the largest genus with 500 species. The second and third largest genus is Arthothelium with 80 species, and Cryptothecia with 60 species.
Zoltán Beke
Zoltán Beke (Serbian: Zoltan Beke) (30 July 1911 – 5 March 1994) was a Romanian football player and coach of Hungarian ethnicity who played as a striker. He was a member of Romania's team that competed in the 1934 World Cup, but he did not play in any match.

1936 Balkan Cup
The 1936 Balkan Cup was the seventh Balkan Cup football tournament. The national teams of Greece, Bulgaria and Romania took part and it was won by Romania, also host of the tournament. The top goalscorer was Sándor Schwartz from Romania with 4 goals.
Einstein manifold
In differential geometry and mathematical physics, an Einstein manifold is a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold whose Ricci tensor is proportional to the metric. They are named after Albert Einstein because this condition is equivalent to saying that the metric is a solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations (with cosmological constant), although both the dimension and the signature of the metric can be arbitrary, thus not being restricted to Lorentzian manifolds (including the four-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds usually studied in general relativity). Einstein manifolds in four Euclidean dimensions are studied as gravitational instantons.

If  is the underlying -dimensional manifold, and  is its metric tensor, the Einstein condition means that

for some constant , where  denotes the Ricci tensor of . Einstein manifolds with  are called Ricci-flat manifolds.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.