hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferranti Mark 1
The Ferranti Mark 1, also known as the Manchester Electronic Computer in its sales literature, and thus sometimes called the Manchester Ferranti, was produced by British electrical engineering firm Ferranti Ltd.  It was the world's first commercially available electronic general-purpose stored-program digital computer.

Although preceded as a commercial digital computer by the BINAC and the Z4, the Z4 was electromechanical and lacked software programmability, while BINAC never operated successfully after delivery.

The Ferranti Mark 1 was "the tidied up and commercialised version of the Manchester Mark I". The first machine was delivered to the Victoria University of Manchester in February 1951 (publicly demonstrated in July) ahead of the UNIVAC I which was delivered to the United States Census Bureau in late December 1952, having been sold on 31 March 1951.

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.
2023 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's singles
Daniil Medvedev defeated defending champion Andrey Rublev in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2023 Dubai Tennis Championships. It was his third ATP Tour title in as many weeks, following titles in Rotterdam and Doha. He did not drop a set en route to the title.

Novak Djokovic and Carlos Alcaraz were in contention for the world No. 1 singles ranking. Djokovic retained the top ranking after Alcaraz withdrew from Acapulco. Medvedev ended Djokovic's 21-match winning streak in the semifinals, which dated back to the 2022 ATP Finals.

This tournament marked the final professional appearance of former top-50 player Malek Jaziri. He lost in the first round to Alejandro Davidovich Fokina.

2023 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Singles
Alex de Minaur defeated Tommy Paul in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Mexican Open. It was his seventh ATP Tour title, and first at the ATP 500 level.

Rafael Nadal was the reigning champion, but chose not to participate this year.
Margaret Wooster Curti
Margaret Wooster Curti (February 8, 1892 – September 19, 1961) was an American child psychologist, researcher and author.

Curti nee Wooster was born in Silver Creek, Nebraska on February 8, 1892. She attended the University of Nebraska where she studied inder Harry Kirke Wolfe, and the University of Chicago where she studied under Harvey A. Carr, earning her PhD in 1920. In 1925 she married fellow academic Merle Curti with whom she had two children.

She taught at Smith College from 1922 through 1937, Teachers College, Columbia University from 1937 through 1942, and then briefly at University of Wisconsin–Madison.

In 1930 Longmans, Green & Co. published her book Child psychology.

Curti researched cultural bias in testing, disputing the idea that race or economic class effect a child's intelligence.

Curti died in Madison, Wisconsin on September 19, 1961.

Her papers are in the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College.

Harvey A. Carr
Harvey A. Carr (April 30, 1873 – June 21, 1954), a founding father of functionalist psychology, was renowned for a methodical and thorough approach to his science. His work was largely devoted to studies of animal cognition and perception. Carr collaborated with John B. Watson on his most well-known project: the famous Kerplunk experiment. Carr held his post as chairman of the Psychology department at the University of Chicago from 1926 to 1938. He also served as the president of the American Psychological Association in 1926.
Mexico, Queensland
Mexico is a former rural locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Mexico had a population of 26 people.

On 22 November 2019, the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities in the Barcaldine Region, resulting in five expanded localities based on the larger towns: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra. Mexico was incorporated into Jericho.

Muttaburra
Muttaburra /ˈmʌtəbʌrə/ is an outback town and locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia. Muttaburra was the discovery site of the Muttaburrasaurus, one of Australia's most famous dinosaurs.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Muttaburra had a population of 158 people.
Myonycteris
Myonycteris (collared bat) is a genus of bat in the family Pteropodidae.

It contains the following species:

Genus Myonycteris

Angolan rousette, Myonycteris angolensis

São Tomé collared fruit bat, Myonycteris brachycephala

Sierra Leone collared fruit bat, Myonycteris leptodon

East African little collared fruit bat, Myonycteris relicta

Little collared fruit bat, Myonycteris torquata

Little collared fruit bat
The little collared fruit bat (Myonycteris torquata) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae found in Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and moist savanna.
Docking and berthing of spacecraft
Docking and berthing of spacecraft is the joining of two space vehicles. This connection can be temporary, or partially permanent such as for space station modules.

Docking specifically refers to joining of two separate free-flying space vehicles. Berthing refers to mating operations where a passive module/vehicle is placed into the mating interface of another space vehicle by using a robotic arm. Because the modern process of un-berthing requires more crew labor and is time-consuming, berthing operations are unsuited for rapid crew evacuations in the event of an emergency.

Russian Orbital Segment
The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Roscosmos. The ROS handles Guidance, Navigation, and Control for the entire Station.
San Juan, Siquijor
San Juan, officially the Municipality of San Juan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa San Juan; Tagalog: Bayan ng San Juan), is a municipality in the province of Siquijor, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 17,291 people.

San Juan is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the provincial capital Siquijor.

Siquijor, Siquijor
Siquijor, officially the Municipality of Siquijor (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Siquijor; Tagalog: Bayan ng Siquijor), is a municipality and titular capital of the province of Siquijor, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 30,215 people.
53rd Baeksang Arts Awards
The 53rd Baeksang Arts Awards (Korean: 제53회 백상예술대상) ceremony was held on May 3, 2017, at Hall D, COEX in Seoul. It was broadcast live on JTBC and was hosted by Park Joong-hoon and Bae Suzy. Organised by Ilgan Sports and JTBC Plus, it is South Korea's only awards ceremony which recognises excellence in both film and television.

Baeksang Arts Awards
The Baeksang Arts Awards (Korean: 백상예술대상), also known as the Paeksang Arts Awards, are awards for excellence in film, television and theatre in South Korea. The awards were introduced in 1965 by Chang Key-young, the founder of the newspaper Hankook Ilbo, whose art name was "Baeksang". It was established for the development of Korean popular culture and art and for enhancing the morale of artists. They are regarded as one of the most prestigious entertainment awards in South Korea.

Baeksang Arts Awards are annually presented at a ceremony organised by JoongAng Group in the second quarter of each year. Until 2021, it was organised by Ilgan Sports before its acquisition by eDaily, a subsidiary of KG Group. It is the only comprehensive awards ceremony in the country, recognising excellence in film, television and theatre.
2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Americas)
The 2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification for the FIBA Americas region began in July 2024 and will conclude in March 2027. The process will determine the seven teams that will participate at the 2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

2025 FIBA AmeriCup qualification
The 2025 FIBA AmeriCup qualification was a basketball competition that was played from February 2023 to February 2025, to determine the eleven FIBA Americas nations who would join the automatically qualified host Nicaragua at the 2025 FIBA AmeriCup.
Woodmancote, Chichester District
Woodmancote is a village in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies just off the B2147 road 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Emsworth. It should not be confused with the other West Sussex village of Woodmancote near Henfield. At the 2011 Census the population of this village was included in the civil parish of Westbourne.

The village hosts a pub called Woodmancote Pub.

Henfield
Henfield is a large village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies 41 miles (66 km) south of London, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Brighton, and 30 miles (48 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester at the road junction of the A281 and A2037. The parish has a land area of 4,285 acres (1,734.1 ha). In the 2001 census 5,012 people lived in 2,153 households, of whom 2,361 were economically active. Other nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the east and Shoreham-by-Sea to the south. The population at the 2011 Census was 5,349.

Just west of the village, the two branches of the River Adur, the western Adur and the eastern Adur, meet at Betley Bridge. From Henfield the Adur flows on into the English Channel at Shoreham-by-Sea.

Henfield was already a large village, of 52 households, at the time of Domesday (1086).
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na3AsO4.  Related salts are also called sodium arsenate, including  Na2HAsO4 (disodium hydrogen arsenate) and  NaH2AsO4 (sodium dihydrogen arsenate).  The trisodium salt is a white or colourless solid that is highly toxic.  It is usually handled as the dodecahydrate Na3AsO4.12H2O.

The compound can be obtained by neutralizing arsenic acid:

H3AsO4 + 3 NaOH   →    Na3AsO4 + 3 H2O

The salt (as its dodecahydrate) is isomorphous with trisodium phosphate.  The anion AsO43- exists at high pH, but below pH 11.5, it converts to HAsO42- (also written HOAsO32-).

Trisodium phosphate
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4. It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. TSP is used as a cleaning agent, builder, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser.

As an item of commerce TSP is often partially hydrated and may range from anhydrous Na3PO4 to the dodecahydrate Na3PO4·12H2O. Most often it is found in white powder form. It can also be called trisodium orthophosphate or simply sodium phosphate.
African nations at the FIFA World Cup
Association football is the most popular sport in nearly every African country, and thirteen members of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) have competed at the sport's biggest event – the FIFA World Cup. The highest ranked result in the World Cup for an African team is 4th place in the 2022 FIFA World Cup by Morocco.

Zimbabwe national football team
The Zimbabwe national football team (nicknamed The Warriors) represents Zimbabwe in men's international football and is controlled by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA), formerly known as the Football Association of Rhodesia. The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup finals, but has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations six times. Zimbabwe has also won the COSAFA Cup six times. The team represents both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
2023 Memorial of Hubert Jerzy Wagner
The XX Memorial of Hubert Jerzy Wagner was a volleyball tournament held at Tauron Arena in Kraków, Poland from 18 to 20 August 2023. Like the previous editions, 4 teams participated including 2023 Volleyball Nations League gold medalist Poland, 2020 Olympic gold medalist and 2022 Volleyball Nations League winner France, 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship gold medalist Italy, and two times 2019, 2021 EuroVolley silver medalist Slovenia. This year tournament was held a week before the 2023 EuroVolley.

2023 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2023 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 33rd edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, CEV. For the third time, the championship was held in four countries: Italy, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Israel. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship as the CEV representatives, except Italy who had already qualified as the defending world champions.

Poland won their second title after defeating hosts Italy 3–0 in the final. Wilfredo León was chosen as the MVP of the tournament.
The Californian Ideology
"The Californian Ideology" is a 1995 essay by English media theorists Richard Barbrook and Andy Cameron of the University of Westminster. Barbrook calls it a "critique of dotcom neoliberalism". In the essay, Barbrook and Cameron argue that the rise of networking technologies in Silicon Valley in the 1990s was linked to American neoliberalism and a paradoxical hybridization of beliefs from the political left and right in the form of hopeful technological determinism.

The essay was published in Mute magazine in 1995 and later appeared on the nettime Internet mailing list. A revised version was published in Science as Culture in 1996. The essay has since been further revised and translated.

Andrew Leonard of Salon called the essay "one of the most penetrating critiques of neo-conservative digital hypesterism yet published". In contrast, Wired magazine publisher and Californian Louis Rossetto wrote that the essay showed "profound ignorance of economics".

Paulina Borsook
Paulina Borsook is an American technology journalist and writer who has written for Wired, Mother Jones, and Suck.com. She is perhaps best known for her 2000 book Cyberselfish, a critique of the libertarian mindset of the digital technology community. As an artist-in-residence at Stanford University, in 2013 she began work on My Life as a Ghost, an art installation based on her experiences living with the traumatic brain injury she suffered due to a gunshot when she was 14 years old.
Smith family (bankers)
The Smith family is an English aristocratic and banking family founded by Thomas Smith (1631–1699), the founder of Smith's Bank of Nottingham. Its members include the Marquess of Lincolnshire (extinct), the Viscount Wendover (extinct), the Barons Carrington, the Baron Pauncefote (extinct), the Barons Bicester, the Bromley baronets and many Members of Parliament. Originally named Smith, the branch of the Barons Carrington assumed the surname Carington, the branch of the Bromley baronets the surname Bromley and the branch of the Baron Pauncefote the surname Pauncefote.

Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire
Charles Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire (16 May 1843 – 13 June 1928), known as the Lord Carrington from 1868 to 1895, and as the Earl Carrington from 1895 to 1912, was a British Liberal politician and aristocrat. He was Governor of New South Wales from 1885 to 1890.
84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot
The 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot was a regiment in the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot to form the York and Lancaster Regiment, with the 84th becoming the 2nd Battalion, in 1881.

Siege of Lucknow
The siege of Lucknow was the prolonged defence of the British Residency within the city of Lucknow from rebel sepoys (Indian soldiers in the British East India Company's Army) during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. After two successive relief attempts had reached the city, the defenders and civilians were evacuated from the Residency, which was then abandoned.
St Blazey A.F.C.
St Blazey Association Football Club is an English football club based in St Blazey, Cornwall. They compete in the Western League Premier Division. The club was formed in 1896 as a Junior side, attaining Senior status in 1910. St Blazey were a founding member of the South Western League in 1951, which they competed in until 2007 when the league merged with its Devon equivalent, the Devon County League, to form the South West Peninsula League.

The club is recognised as one of the most successful in the county, having won multiple league championships and cup competitions, with their most recent league success coming in the final season of the South Western League in 2007. St Blazey have entered England's most prestigious knockout competition, the FA Cup, in all but one year since 1950. They also enter the FA Vase on a regular basis, having first competed in 1985. The club's traditional colours are green and black. The club's stadium is Blaise Park, which has a capacity of 3,500.

Cornwall County Football Association
The Cornwall County Football Association, also known as the Cornwall FA, is the governing body of football in Cornwall. Formed in 1889, it is responsible for the administration, control, promotion and development of football at all levels throughout the county.
Adelaide Bank
The Adelaide Bank was a publicly listed bank with its head office in Adelaide, South Australia. It was established on 1 January 1994 from the Co-operative Building Society of South Australia Limited, which was Australia's largest building society as a result of a merger with the Hindmarsh Building Society. On 9 August 2007 it merged with Bendigo Bank (ASX: BEN) to form Bendigo and Adelaide Bank Limited, and Adelaide Bank shares ceased to be quoted on the top 100 ASX for companies with more than 110,000 shareholders. Since 2008 the new entity has been known as the Bendigo and Adelaide Bank.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Maquis de Saffré
The Maquis de Saffré was one of the maquis groups of French resistance fighters active in the Loire-Atlantique region, in the triangle formed by the communes of Héric, Nort-sur-Erdre et Saffré.

One of Germany's last operations, in June 1944, was the destruction of this maquis, where 350 poorly equipped young resistance fighters ("maquisards") stood up to 2,500 Germans, before dispersing. On 29 June, 27 captured maquisards were shot at La Bouvardière château.

Loire-Atlantique
Loire-Atlantique (French pronunciation: [lwaʁ atlɑ̃tik] ⓘ; Gallo: Louére-Atantique; Breton: Liger-Atlantel; before 1957: Loire-Inférieure, Breton: Liger-Izelañ) is a department in Pays de la Loire on the west coast of France, named after the river Loire and the Atlantic Ocean. It had a population of 1,429,272 in 2019.
Barekese Dam
Barekese Dam is a dam on the Ofin River that supports the main water treatment plant for Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, supplying about 80 percent of the potable water for the city and its surrounding environs. It is operated by the Ghana Water Company.

Ghana Water Limited
Ghana Water Limited (GWL) (formerly Ghana Water Company Limited, and previously known as Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited) is the sole government-owned water utility company in Ghana. It is responsible for the production, transmission, and distribution of potable water in urban areas across the country.

As of June 2024, GWL manages and operates eighty-four (84) water supply systems, comprising sixty-one (61) surface water systems and twenty-three (23) groundwater systems, serving an estimated 14 million people nationwide. The company maintains 15 regional offices and 103 district offices.

On average, GWL produces 950,995 m³ of water per day (equivalent to 209 million gallons per day) against a national demand of 1,129,361 m³ per day (248 million gallons per day). Urban water supply coverage stands at 84.2%, serving 1,008,301 customers, of which 89% are metered. The company employs a total staff strength of 5,755.
1991 Philips Open
The 1991 Philips Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and took place from 16 April through 22 April 1991. Unseeded Martín Jaite won the singles title.

1991 ATP Tour
The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour. The IBM ATP Tour included the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series and the ATP Tour World Championships. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Vike Church (Vestland)
Vike Church (Norwegian: Vike kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vikanes, along the Romarheimsfjorden. It is one of two churches in the Osterfjorden parish which is part of the Nordhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a rectangular design in 1891 using plans drawn up by the architect Johannes Øvsthus. The church seats about 200 people.

Alver Municipality
Alver is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Nordhordland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Knarvik. Other villages include Alversund, Alver, Isdalstø, Lindås, Ostereidet, Seim, Manger, Askeland, Austmarka, Bøvågen, Haugland, Sæbø, Sletta, Frekhaug, Hjartås, Holme, Io, Krossneset, Meland, and Rossland.

The 679.15-square-kilometre (262.22 sq mi) municipality is the 168th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Alver Municipality is the 37th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 30,169. The municipality's population density is 44.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (115/sq mi) and its population has increased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.