hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mill City, Nevada
Mill City is an unincorporated community in Pershing County, Nevada, United States.  The ZIP Code of Mill City is 89418.

Mill City had its start as a mining community. The community was named for a quartz mill near the original town site. A post office called Mill City was in operation from 1864 until 1948.

The community is four miles (6.4 km) north of Imlay on Interstate 80. The Humboldt River is to the northwest and the northern end of the Humboldt Range lies to the east. State Route 400 passes through the town, continuing south towards Unionville. The Midway truck stop is located in Mill City, offering services to visitors and the dwindling population.

Interstate 80 in Nevada
Interstate 80 (I-80) traverses the northern portion of the US state of Nevada. The freeway serves the Reno metropolitan area and passes through the towns of Fernley, Lovelock, Winnemucca, Battle Mountain, Carlin, Elko, Wells and West Wendover on its way through the state.

I-80 follows the historical routes of the California Trail, first transcontinental railroad and Feather River Route throughout portions of Nevada. Throughout the entire state, I-80 follows the historical routes of the Victory Highway, State Route 1 (SR 1) and US Route 40 (US 40). The freeway corridor follows the paths of the Truckee and Humboldt rivers. These rivers have been used as a transportation corridor since the California Gold Rush of the 1840s.

The Nevada portion of I-80 has been designated as the Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway and Purple Heart Trail.
Ahmad Alikaj
Ahmad Alikaj (born 5 June 1991) is a Syrian judoka who competes in the under-73 kg category.

Alikaj is now living and training in Germany, after having moved from Syria to Germany as a refugee in 2015. He was included in the IJF Refugee Team at the 2019 Budapest Grand Prix, and participated in the 2019 World Championships in Tokyo. He released a joint statement alongside fellow Syrian judokas Sanda Aldass and Muna Dahouk after being selected for the IOC Refugee Olympic Team [EOR] for the 2020 Summer Games in Tokyo, where he lost in the first round to Tajikistan's Somon Makhmadbekov. "We have been dreaming of that for years and today we are living our dream. We feel that we have a great responsibility. We will represent our sport, judo, but also the entire refugee community. We are so proud. We hope that millions of refugees across the globe will want to overcome their difficulties, based on what we have achieved."

Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics
The IOC Refugee Olympic Team competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan as independent Olympic participants.

A total of 29 athletes including 19 men and 10 women from 11 different nations competed in 12 different sports including athletics, badminton, boxing, canoeing, cycling, judo, karate, shooting, swimming, taekwondo, weightlifting and wrestling. The team included refugees from Afghanistan, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria and Venezuela.
Polangui
Polangui, officially the Municipality of Polangui (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Polangui; West Miraya Bikol: Banwaan nin Polangui; Rinconada Bikol: Banwaan ka Polangui; Tagalog: Bayan ng Polangui),  is a municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 89,344 people.

Oas, Albay
Oas, officially the Municipality of Oas (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Oas; West Miraya Bikol: Banwaan nin Oas; Filipino: Bayan ng Oas), is a  municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 64,890 people.
Minister of Rural Economic Development
The minister of Rural Economic Development (French: Ministre du Développement économique rural) was a Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet during the 29th Canadian Ministry led by Justin Trudeau. It was created in January 2019 and discontinued in March 2025, being merged with the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food to create a new post, the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food and Rural Economic Development. It was re-created in 2025 under the title of Secretary of State (Rural Development).

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Quantum Markov semigroup
In quantum mechanics, a quantum Markov semigroup describes the dynamics in a Markovian open quantum system. The axiomatic definition of the prototype of quantum Markov semigroups was first introduced by A. M. Kossakowski in 1972, and then developed by V. Gorini, A. M. Kossakowski, E. C. G. Sudarshan and Göran Lindblad in 1976.

Andrzej Kossakowski
Andrzej Marek Kossakowski (20 February 1938 – 31 January 2021) was a Polish theoretical physicist and a professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University. He was best known for his work on open quantum systems.
Purnell equation
The Purnell equation is an equation used in analytical chemistry to calculate the resolution Rs between two peaks in a chromatogram.

where

Rs is the resolution between the two peaks

N2 is the plate number of the second peak

α is the separation factor between the two peaks

k '2 is the retention factor of the second peak.

The higher the resolution, the better the separation.

Theoretical plate
A theoretical plate in many separation processes is a hypothetical zone or stage in which two phases, such as the liquid and vapor phases of a substance, establish an equilibrium with each other. Such equilibrium stages may also be referred to as an equilibrium stage, ideal stage, or a theoretical tray. The performance of many separation processes depends on having series of equilibrium stages and is enhanced by providing more such stages. In other words, having more theoretical plates increases the efficiency of the separation process be it either a distillation, absorption, chromatographic, adsorption or similar process.
St Botolph's Church, Hardham
St Botolph's Church is the Church of England parish church of Hardham, West Sussex. It is in Horsham District and is a Grade I listed building. It contains the earliest nearly complete series of wall paintings in England. Among forty individual subjects is the earliest known representation of St George in England. Dating from the 12th century, they were hidden from view until uncovered in 1866 and now "provide a rare and memorable impression of a medieval painted interior". The simple two-cell stone building, with its original medieval whitewashed exterior, has seen little alteration and also has an ancient bell.

Horsham District
Horsham is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the town of Horsham, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district also includes the surrounding rural area and contains many villages, the largest of which are Southwater and Billingshurst. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park and part of the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 147,487.

The neighbouring districts are Crawley, Mid Sussex, Brighton and Hove, Adur, Arun, Chichester, Waverley and Mole Valley.
Mount Popov
Mount Popov (Bulgarian: Попов връх, romanized: Popov vrah, IPA: [poˈpɔv ˈvrɤx]) is the broad ice-covered peak with precipitous rocky slopes rising to 1248 m in eastern Bigla Ridge on Heros Peninsula, Foyn Coast on the Antarctic Peninsula. It surmounts Beaglehole Glacier to the west and Cabinet Inlet to the northeast.

The feature is named after Todor Popov, physician at St. Kliment Ohridski Base during the 1996/97 and 1997/98 seasons.

Foyn Coast
The Foyn Coast (66°40′S 64°20′W﻿ / ﻿66.667°S 64.333°W﻿ / -66.667; -64.333) is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Alexander and Cape Northrop. It was discovered in 1893 by a Norwegian expedition under Captain Carl Anton Larsen, who named it for Svend Foyn, a Norwegian whaler of Tønsberg whose invention of the grenade harpoon greatly facilitated modern whaling.
Kachari language
Kachari is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Boro-Garo branch that is spoken in Assam, India. With fewer than 60,000 speakers recorded in 1997, and the Asam 2001 Census reporting a literacy rate of 81% the Kachari language is currently ranked as threatened. Kachari is closely related to surrounding languages, including Tiwa, Rābhā,  Kochi and Mechi.

While there are still living adult speakers, many children are not learning Kachari as their primary language, instead being assimilated into the wider Assamese speaking communities.

Boro language (India)
Boro (बरʼ, IPA: [bɔro]), also rendered Bodo, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken primarily by the Boro ethnic group of Northeast India and the neighboring countries of Nepal and Bangladesh. It is an official language of the Indian state of Assam, predominantly spoken in the Bodoland Territorial Region. It is also one of the twenty-two languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Since 1975 the language has been written using the Devanagari script. It was formerly written using Latin and Eastern-Nagari scripts. Some scholars have suggested that the language used to have its own now lost script known as Deodhai.
Bosniaks of Montenegro
Bosniaks are an ethnic minority in Montenegro, first introduced in the 2003 census. According to the last census from 2023, the total number of Bosniaks in Montenegro was 58,956 or 9.45% of the population. Bosniaks are the third largest ethnic group in the country, after Montenegrins and Serbs.

Refik Šabanadžović
Refik Šabanadžović (born 2 August 1965) is a former Yugoslav professional footballer who played as a midfielder and defender.

Born in Montenegro, at the time part of SFR Yugoslavia, Šabanadžović played internationally for Yugoslavia and unofficially for the predecessor of Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team.
Bob chorba
Bob chorba (Bulgarian: боб чорба; lit. "bean soup") is a chorba, a Bulgarian soup. It is made from dry beans, onions, tomatoes, chubritza or dzhodzhen (spearmint) and carrots.

Local variations may also exclude the carrots or include paprika, potatoes or even some kind of meat. Historically, it has been a common soup and staple food at Bulgarian monasteries.

Summer savory
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis) is among the best known of the savory genus. It is an annual, but otherwise is similar in use and flavor to the perennial winter savory.  It is used more often than winter savory, which has a slightly more bitter flavor.

This herb has lilac tubular flowers which bloom in the northern hemisphere from July to September.
It grows to around 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 ft) in height and has very slender, bronze-green leaves.
Lincoln's Inn Society
Lincoln's Inn Society was a social club based at Harvard Law School, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was originally known as Choate Inn of the Phi Delta Phi. It became a private club when the Harvard faculty voted to ban all fraternities in 1907. Lincoln's Inn Society merged with HL Central in 2007, following declining membership and a lack of funds.

Phi Delta Phi
Phi Delta Phi (ΦΔΦ; commonly known as Phid or PDP) is a law-student honor society and professional fraternity founded in 1869 at the University of Michigan.

Phi Delta Phi is organized by two branches: legal honor societies and pre-law societies. The legal honor societies, called Inns, are located at law schools. The pre-law societies, called Halls, are for undergraduate membership at U.S. colleges and universities.

With a total membership of over 200,000 people, members of Phi Delta Phi include five U.S. presidents, two U.S. vice presidents, 14 Supreme Court justices, and numerous members of Congress, Cabinet members, and ambassadors.
Phagora
Phagora is a village of union council Rajdhari in Battagram District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa along the main silk route or  SHAHRA-E-RESHAM. Phagora Village is one of the biggest village in Battagram and is located in mountainous area of Hazara Division. Phagora is 7 km from district headquarters Battagram and 200 km from the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad.

Temperature of the area remains moderate; usually, however, the summer goes up to peak 30 °C sometimes and winter below 10 °C.
Although, the village situated at the level where Temperature and Sunshining is most Comfortable for residents and for 
Fruits trees
as compare to the upper mountain and area below from Phagora village

Rajdhari
Rajdahri is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°40'60N 73°5'60E and has an altitude of 1408 metres (4622 feet). Khan of Garhi Habibullah is the "Wali of Rajdahri and Neeli-Shang" since last 11 generations.
Alice Manfield
Alice Manfield (1878 – 14 July 1960) commonly known as Guide Alice, was a mountain guide, amateur naturalist, chalet owner, photographer, and early feminist figure from Victoria, Australia. Her pioneering work at Mount Buffalo from the 1890s to the 1930s led to her becoming a tourist attraction in her own right, and helped lead to the establishment of the Mount Buffalo National Park.

Mountain guide
A mountain guide is a specially trained and experienced professional mountaineer who is certified by local authorities or mountain guide associations. They are considered to be high-level experts in mountaineering, and are hired to instruct or lead individuals or small groups who require this advanced expertise. This professional class of guides arose in the middle of the 19th century when alpine climbing became recognized as a sport.
Pitchcott
Pitchcott is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 3 miles (5 km) north-east of Waddesdon, slightly less than 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Winslow and slightly more than 4 miles north of Aylesbury. It is in the civil parish of Oving.

The parish is small, covering 925 acres (374 ha). The highest point is Pitchcott Hill, about 510 feet (160 m) above sea level. The village is on the eastern brow of the hill, between about 445 feet (136 m) and 475 feet (145 m) above sea level.

Winslow, Buckinghamshire
Winslow /ˈwɪnzloʊ/ is a market town and civil parish in north Buckinghamshire, England, within the Buckinghamshire Council unitary authority area. It has a population of just over 4,400. It is located approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east of Buckingham, and 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Bletchley (Milton Keynes).
C4 (conference)
C4 was a Macintosh software developers conference held in Chicago, Illinois. The conference ran from 2006 through 2009. It was created by Jonathan Rentzsch after the demise of MacHack. In May 2010 Rentzsch announced that he would no longer operate the conference due to a dissatisfaction with Apple's policies toward iPhone OS development and the lack of a strong negative reaction from the Apple developer community.

John Gruber
John Gruber (born 1973) is a technology blogger, UI designer, and creator of the Markdown markup language. Gruber writes the Apple enthusiast blog Daring Fireball and hosts its accompanying podcast, The Talk Show.
Charles H. Morrill Homestead
The Charles H. Morrill Homestead is a historic house in Stromsburg, Nebraska. It was built in 1872 by Ludwig Rudeen, a Swedish immigrant, for Charles Henry Morrill, a homesteader. Morrill was also the founder of the Stromsburg Bank, and a member of the Republican National Committee. The house was designed in the Swiss chalet style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 4, 1973.

Swiss chalet style
Swiss chalet style (German: Schweizerstil, Norwegian: sveitserstil) is an architectural style of Late Historicism, originally inspired by rural chalets in Switzerland and the Alpine (mountainous) regions of Central Europe. The style refers to traditional building designs characterised by widely projecting roofs and facades richly decorated with wooden balconies and carved ornaments. It spread over Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France and Scandinavia during the Belle Époque era.
Greenspring Company
Greenspring Company was the for-profit subsidiary of the non-profit American Public Media Group. Profits gathered from Greenspring were funneled through American Public Media Group in order to help fund Minnesota Public Radio, although Greenspring was taxed before the funds were transferred.

Greenspring owned The Rivertown Trading Company until it was sold to Target Corporation in 1998 for US$ 134 million.  In 2004, the company sold the Minnesota News Network (MNN) to Saga Communications, apparently along with station WMNN. Greenspring kept KLBB and KLBP radio, which remained affiliated with MNN. Radio station WMNN was sold to Starboard Broadcasting organization, which programs the Catholic radio network Relevant Radio. In 2005, KLBB and KLBP were sold to Davidson Media Group for US$5.2 million.

In 2013, Greenspring Media Group, publishers of Minnesota Monthly and other publications, was sold to Hour Media.

Minnesota Public Radio
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a public radio network for the US state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, YourClassical MPR and The Current, MPR operates a 46-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest.

MPR has won more than 875 journalism awards, including the Peabody Award, both the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting award of the same name, and the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Gold Baton Award. As of September 2011, MPR was tied with WNYC for most listener support for a public radio network, and had the highest level of recurring monthly donors of any public radio network in the nation.

MPR also produces and distributes national public radio programming via American Public Media.
2022 FIBA U18 African Championship
The 2022 FIBA U18 African Championship was an international under-18 basketball competition that was held in Antananarivo, Madagascar from August 4 to 14.

The tournament, which was also the 20th edition of the biennial competition, qualified the top two teams to represent FIBA Africa in the 2023 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup in Hungary. This is the second time Madagascar has hosted the tournament since 2014.

FIBA U18 AfroBasket
The FIBA U18 AfroBasket, previously known as the FIBA U18 African Championship, is a biennial international youth basketball competition consisting of under-18 men's national teams organised by FIBA Africa.

The tournament also serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, where the top two teams directly qualify.
La Cité de la peur
La Cité de la peur (transl. "The City of Fear"), also known as Le film de Les Nuls ("The Les Nuls Movie"), is a 1994 French comedy film written by and starring Chantal Lauby, Alain Chabat and Dominique Farrugia of the comedy group Les Nuls, and directed by Alain Berbérian in 1994.

The movie parodies big budget American films (Basic Instinct, Pretty Woman and The Terminator, among others, are directly spoofed) and relies heavily on puns and word play, which makes it somewhat inaccessible for non native French speakers.

Gérard Darmon
Gérard Darmon (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁaʁ daʁmɔ̃], Arabic: جيرار دارمون; born 29 February 1948) is a French-Moroccan actor and singer. He has been nominated for the César Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, for his roles in Betty Blue (1987) and Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra (2003).
1997 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse
The 1997 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Toulouse, France that was part of the World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and was held from 22 September until 28 September 1997. Unseeded Nicolas Kiefer won the singles title.

1997 ATP Tour
The 1997 ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP that year. The ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP Tour World Championships, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
Opel Flextreme GT/E
The Opel Flextreme GT/E Concept is a grand tourer concept car manufactured by Opel and based on the powertrain of GM Voltec. It is a five-door 2+2 fastback coupé with rear suicide doors.

The Flextreme GT/E premiered at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. Later that year, the concept received the Red Dot Design Award, after being chosen from 12,000 submissions from 60 countries.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Maganes
Maganes is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is 5.35 km2 (2.07 sq mi) in size, with a population of 69.

Cangas del Narcea
Cangas del Narcea is the oldest municipality in the Principality of Asturias in Spain. It is also the largest municipality in Asturias.

It is in the southwest of Asturias, on the Asturian border with León. Until 1927, Cangas del Narcea was known as Cangas de Tineo (Asturian: Cangas de Tinéu).

Cangas del Narcea is also the name of the municipality's capital, and one of the judicial districts in Asturias.
2011 Poznań Porsche Open
The 2011 Poznań Porsche Open powered by Enea was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the Tretorn SERIE+ tour. It took place at the Park Tenisowy Olimpia in Poznań, Poland from 16 to 24 July 2011, including the qualifying competition in the first two days.

Park Tenisowy Olimpia
The Park Tenisowy Olimpia is a tennis complex in Poznań, Poland, owned by the city since November 2013. It is the host of the annual ATP Challenger Tour stop, the Poznań Open. The complex consist of two show courts (Kort Centralny and Kort nr 1), three ground courts and five indoor courts.

Main Court (Kort Centralny) holds approximately 1,500 spectators (including places on VIP lounge), and Grandstand (Kort nr 1) holds 720 spectators. During the tournaments the Main Court is upgraded by around 250 seats due to installation of the temporary stand, opposite to the VIP lounge.