hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helena's marsupial frog
Helena's marsupial frog (Gastrotheca helenae) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to the Páramo de Tamá on the Venezuelan-Colombian border and occurs in Apure and Táchira states of Venezuela and Norte de Santander Department on the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. It is named after Helen Gaige, an American herpetologist.

Norte de Santander Department
Norte de Santander (Spanish for Northern Santander) (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnoɾte ðe santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of northeastern Colombia. It is in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. Its capital is Cúcuta, one of the country's major cities.

Norte de Santander is bordered by Venezuela to the east and north, by Santander Department and Boyacá Department to the south, and by Santander Department and Cesar Department to the west.

The official department name is "Departamento de Norte de Santander" (Norte de Santander Department) in honor of Colombian military and political leader Francisco de Paula Santander, who was born and raised near Cúcuta. Norte de Santander Department is located in the northwestern zone of the Colombian Andean Region.

The area of present-day Norte de Santander played an important role in the history of Colombia, during the War of Independence from Spain when Congress gave origin to the Greater Colombia in Villa del Rosario.
2012 Belarusian Super Cup
The 2012 Belarusian Super Cup was held on 6 March 2012 between the 2011 Belarusian Premier League champions BATE Borisov and the 2010–11 Belarusian Cup winners Gomel. Gomel won the match 2–0 and became the first team other than BATE to win the trophy.

Belarusian Super Cup
The Belarusian Super Cup (Belarusian: Суперкубак Беларусі, romanized: Superkubak Belarusi) is an annual one-match association football competition in Belarus organized by the Football Federation of Belarus. This competition serves as the season opener and is played between the Belarusian Premier League Champions and the Belarusian Cup Winners of the previous season. If a single team holds both titles, the Cup runners-up are invited. The match usually played in late February or early March each year.
Muilheh-ye Sofla
Muilheh-ye Sofla (Persian: مويلحه سفلي, also Romanized as Mūīlḥeh-ye Soflá; also known as Molḩeh-ye Soflá and Moveylḩeh Pā’īn) is a village in Azadeh Rural District, Moshrageh District, Ramshir County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 334, in 59 families.

Azadeh Rural District
Azadeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان آزاده) is in Moshrageh District of Ramshir County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Romeyleh-ye Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Moshrageh, now a city.
Carlos Ward
Carlos Ward (born May 1, 1940, in Ancón, Panama) was an American funk and jazz alto saxophonist and flautist. He is best known as a member of the funk and disco band BT Express as well as a jazz sideman.

Woody Shaw
Woody Herman Shaw Jr.  (December 24, 1944 – May 10, 1989) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, composer, arranger, band leader, and educator. Shaw is widely known as one of the 20th century's most important and influential jazz trumpeters and composers. He is often credited with revolutionizing the technical and harmonic language of modern jazz trumpet playing, and is regarded by many as one of the major innovators of the instrument. He was an acclaimed virtuoso,  mentor, and spokesperson for jazz and worked and recorded alongside many of the leading musicians of his time.
Melle, Piedmont
Melle (Lo Mèl in Occitan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 340 and an area of 28.0 square kilometres (10.8 sq mi).

Melle borders the following municipalities: Brossasco, Cartignano, Frassino, Roccabruna, San Damiano Macra, and Busca.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Cephalotes pinelii
Cephalotes pinelii is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. They're also known as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Minister of Families, Children and Social Development
The minister of families, children and social development (French: ministre de la famille, des enfants et du développement social) is a minister of the Crown in the Cabinet of Canada. The associated department is Employment and Social Development Canada. On March 14, 2025 the position was abolished, its responsibilities being consolidated into the new position of Minister of Jobs and Families.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Well temperament
In Western music theory, a well temperament (also good temperament, circular or circulating temperament) is a type of tempered tuning used for keyboard instruments of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The term is modeled on the German word wohltemperiert. This word also appears in the title of J. S. Bach's famous composition "Das wohltemperierte Klavier", The Well-Tempered Clavier.

Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is the change from one tonality (tonic, or tonal center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature (a key change). Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest. Treatment of a non-tonic chord as a temporary tonic, for less than a phrase, is considered tonicization.

Modulation is the essential part of the art. Without it there is little music, for a piece derives its true beauty not from the large number of fixed modes which it embraces but rather from the subtle fabric of its modulation.
Timișoara horse-drawn railway
The Timișoara horse-drawn railway, opened in 1869, formed the foundation of the Timișoara tramway, which was electrified in 1899. This standard-gauge horse tramway in Timișoara, then known as Temesvár in the Kingdom of Hungary and now part of Romania, was operated by the joint-stock company Temesvári Közúti Vaspálya Társaság (TKVT), or Temesvar Street Railway Company in German. From 1897, the company was renamed Temesvári Villamos Városi Vasút Részvénytársaság (TVVV). Today, it operates as a public limited company under the name Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara (S.T.P.T.).

STPT (transport operator)
Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara SA, commonly abbreviated STPT, is the primary public transport operator in the city of Timișoara. STPT is owned by the city and covers the entire urban public transport; it operates the tram (9 lines), the trolleybus (8 lines), the urban bus transport (9 lines + 8 express routes and 20 metropolitan routes), the waterbus public transport on the Bega Canal and the VeloTM bicycle-sharing system. 90 million passengers are transported annually, of which 52 million by tram.
Public housing estates in Sheung Shui
The following is a list of public housing estates in Sheung Shui Town, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.

Sheung Shui station
Sheung Shui (Chinese: 上水; Cantonese Yale: Seuhngséui; pronounced: [sœŋ˨.sɵɥ˧˥], literally "Above-water") is the penultimate northbound station on the East Rail line in Hong Kong. This station serves as the northern terminus of the East Rail line after the Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau boundary crossings have closed for the day.  It is also the last northbound station on the East Rail line that passengers without a Closed Area Permit, Mainland Travel Permit, or valid passport and mainland Chinese visa may freely travel to.

This station is located in the North District, New Territories, Hong Kong, serving the Sheung Shui area and its vicinity.
Jalila Essaïdi
Jalila Essaïdi (born 1980) is a Dutch artist, inventor and entrepreneur based in Eindhoven, Netherlands. Essaïdi is specialised in the fields of modern biotechnology and biological arts (bio-art), and an entrepreneur in the field of sustainability with a background in business management and expertise in cross-sectoral collaborations. She is also founder and director of the non-profit BioArt Laboratories, and the for-profit Inspidere BV.

Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship
The Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship is an academic entity for the advancement of social entrepreneurship at Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. The Centre's goal is to "maximise the impact of social entrepreneurship to transform unjust or unsatisfactory systems or practices around the world and address critical social and environmental challenges."
Neiliezhü Üsou
Neiliezhü Üsou (7 July 1941 – 30 January 2009) was an Indian baptist minister and public leader from Nagaland. He was known for his interpretive skills, sermons and involvement with the State Government.

Revival meeting
A revival meeting is a series of Christian religious services held to inspire active members of a church body to gain new converts and to call sinners to repent. Those who lead revival services are known as revivalists (or evangelists). Nineteenth-century Baptist preacher Charles Spurgeon said, "Many blessings may come to the unconverted in consequence of a revival among Christians, but the revival itself has to do only with those who already possess spiritual life." These meetings are usually conducted by churches or missionary organizations throughout the world. Notable historic revival meetings were conducted in the United States by evangelist Billy Sunday and in Wales by evangelist Evan Roberts. Revival services occur in local churches, brush arbor revivals, tent revivals, and camp meetings.
Henry Fowler (engineer)
Sir Henry Fowler, KBE  (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was an English railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the Midland Railway and subsequently the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

LMS Garratt
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Garratt was a class of Garratt 2-6-0+0-6-2 steam locomotive designed for heavy freight.  A total of 33 were built from 1927, making them the most numerous class of Garratt in Britain.
Gaelicisation
Gaelicisation, or Gaelicization, is the act or process of making something Gaelic or gaining characteristics of the Gaels, a sub-branch of Celticisation. The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group, traditionally viewed as having spread from Ireland to Scotland and the Isle of Man.

Gaelic, as a linguistic term, refers to the Gaelic languages but can also refer to the transmission of any other Gaelic cultural feature such as social norms and customs, music and sport.

It is often referred to as a part of Celtic identity since Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man are all considered Celtic nations, and the Gaelic languages are considered a sub-group of the Celtic languages.

Goidelic languages
The Goidelic (/ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ goy-DEL-ik) or Gaelic languages (/ˈɡeɪlɪk/ GALE-ik; Irish: teangacha Gaelacha; Scottish Gaelic: cànanan Goidhealach; Manx: çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. There are three modern Goidelic languages: Irish (Gaeilge), Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), and Manx (Gaelg). Manx died out as a first language in the 20th century but has since been revived to some degree.
KiHa 40 series
The KiHa 40 series (キハ40系, Kiha-yonjū-kei) is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type introduced by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1977 and operated by all Japan Railways Group companies on suburban and rural services in Japan. Since 2017, the train type has seen use by other private railway companies in Japan who have purchased withdrawn units from JR Group companies. Additionally, it has also seen use in overseas operations in Myanmar since 2011 and is also scheduled to be used in Thailand.

Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.
Pointe-aux-Trembles
Pointe-aux-Trembles (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t o tʁɑ̃bl]) was a municipality, founded in 1674, that was annexed by Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1982. This was the last city to be merged into Montreal until the 2002 municipal reorganization.
On January 1, 2002, this neighbourhood at the far east end of the Island of Montreal became part of the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles–Montréal-Est. On January 1, 2006 Montreal East demerged, and the borough became Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles.

One can find a windmill, at the corner of Notre-Dame Street and Third Avenue, which was built in 1719. Its three storeys make it the tallest windmill in Québec that still stands. In 1650 the Grou family of Rouen France established a land holding here.

Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles–Montréal-Est
Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles–Montréal-Est (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ de pʁɛʁi pwɛ̃t o tʁɑ̃bl mɔ̃ʁeal ɛst]) was a borough in the eastern end of Montréal, Québec. The borough was located at the eastern tip of the Island of Montréal.

It was composed of parts of the City of Montreal prior to the January 1, 2002 municipal mergers, and the formerly independent municipality of Montréal-Est, Quebec. This was the only borough in the post-merger city that fused parts of the original city of Montréal with other former municipalities.

In the June 20, 2004 referendum, Montréal-Est voted to return to being an independent municipality as of January 1, 2006. The other two portions become the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles.
Reactive neutrophilic dermatoses
Reactive neutrophilic dermatoses are a spectrum of conditions mediated by neutrophils, and typically associated with underlying diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and hematologic malignancy.: 144

Conditions considered to be reactive neutrophilic dermatoses include:: 144–9

Erythema nodosum
Marshall syndrome
Sweet syndrome (Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)
Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (Pustular vasculitis of the dorsal hands)
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
Pyoderma gangrenosum
PAPA syndrome

Marshall syndrome
Marshall syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue that can cause hearing loss. The three most common areas to be affected are the eyes, which are uncommonly large, joints and the mouth and facial structures. Marshall syndrome is very similar to Stickler syndrome and because their features overlap so much, some experts consider them to be essentially the same disorder.
2021 French Athletics Championships
The 2021 French Athletics Championships was the 133rd edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for France. It was held on 25–27 June at Stade du Lac de Maine in Angers. A total of 38 events (divided evenly between the sexes) were contested over the two-day competition.

French Athletics Championships
The French Athletics Championships (French: Championnats de France d'athlétisme) is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Fédération française d'athlétisme (FFA; French Athletics Federation), which serves as the French national championships for the sport. The three-day event is typically held in early or mid-summer and the venue varies on an annual basis. It is open to adults of all ages and is thus referred to as the senior or élite championships.

The championships were first held in 1888 and were organised by the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA; Union of French Athletics Sports Societies). The USFSA declined in favour of specialised national sports bodies early in the 20th century and FFA has organised the championships since 1921. The championships have been held every year since their inauguration with the exception of four inter-war years: 1915, 1916, 1940, and 1944.
Godfrey Davies
Godfrey Davies FBA (13 May 1892 – 28 May 1957) was an English historian of the 17th century and member of the research staff of the Huntington Library. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review summarized his contributions by noting: "Through his published works he came to be recognized as a leading authority in seventeenth-century English history, and through his innumerable services to British and American students who have worked at the Huntington Library during the past quarter of a century he made a leading contribution not only to his own but also to many fields of historical scholarship."

Early modern Britain
Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Major historical events in early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and the collapse of the First British Empire.
Hook
A hook is a tool consisting of a length of material, typically metal, that contains a portion that is curved/bent back or has a deeply grooved indentation, which serves to grab, latch or in any way attach itself onto another object. The hook's design allows traction forces to be relayed through the curved/indented portion to and from the proximal end of the hook, which is either a straight shaft (known as the hook's shank) or a ring (sometimes called the hook's "eye") for attachment to a thread, rope or chain, providing a reversible attachment between two objects.

In many cases, the distal end of the hook is sharply pointed to enable penetration into the target material, providing a firmer anchorage. Some hooks, particularly fish hooks, also have a barb, a backwards-pointed projection near the pointed end that functions as a secondary "mini-hook" to catch and trap surrounding material, ensuring that the hook point cannot be easily pulled back out once embedded in the target.

Latch
A latch or catch (called sneck in Northern England and Scotland) is a type of mechanical fastener that joins two or more objects or surfaces while allowing for their regular separation. A latch typically engages another piece of hardware on the other mounting surface. Depending upon the type and design of the latch, this engaged bit of hardware may be known as a keeper or strike.

A latch is not the same as the locking mechanism of a door or window, although often they are found together in the same product.

Latches range in complexity from flexible one-piece flat springs of metal or plastic, such as are used to keep blow molded plastic power tool cases closed, to multi-point cammed latches used to keep large doors closed.
Zhao Ang
Zhao Ang (fl. 210s), courtesy name Weizhang, was a Chinese politician who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and was aligned with the faction that would later become the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. He is best known for resisting the warlord Ma Chao in Liang Province (covering roughly present-day Gansu and Ningxia) in the 210s. His wife, Wang Yi, is famous for supporting her husband throughout their conflict with Ma Chao.

Yang Fu (Han dynasty)
Yang Fu (fl. 210s–230s), courtesy name Yishan, was a Chinese politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served as a regional official in Liang Province during the late Eastern Han dynasty. In the 210s, when the warlord Ma Chao rebelled against the Han central government, occupied Liang Province by force and murdered some of the provincial officials, Yang Fu and his colleagues pretended to submit to Ma Chao. Later, they plotted a revolt against him and succeeded in forcing him out of Liang Province. During the reign of the second Wei emperor Cao Rui, Yang Fu proposed to the emperor to scale down his extravagant construction projects but the emperor ignored him.
W. E. Drevlow
William Edward Drevlow (January 23, 1890 – August 20, 1975) was a Democratic politician from Idaho. He was a native of Minnesota. He served as the 31st lieutenant governor of Idaho from 1959 to 1967 during the administration of Governor Robert E. Smylie.

He died of pneumonia and internal bleeding in 1975.

Robert E. Smylie
Robert Eben Smylie (October 31, 1914 – July 17, 2004) was an American politician and attorney from Idaho. Smylie, who is a member of the Idaho Republican Party, served as the 24th governor of Idaho for twelve years, from 1955 to 1967. He was the first Governor of Idaho who was born in the 20th century. Smylie is Idaho’s third longest governor, with a tenure only one week shorter than future governor Butch Otter.

In the 1966 election, Smylie, who was seeking an unprecedented fourth consecutive term, was defeated in the Republican primary by Idaho State Senator Don Samuelson, who won the election.