hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caribbean Free Trade Association
The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) was an English-speaking economic trade organisation. It organised on 1 May 1968, to provide a continued economic linkage between the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean.  The agreements establishing it came following the dissolution of the West Indies Federation, which lasted from 1958 to 1962.

Secretariat of the Caribbean Community
The Secretariat of the Caribbean Community is the principal administrative organ for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and is headed by the secretary general, who is the chief executive officer of the community.

The mission statement of the secretariat is: "To provide dynamic leadership and service in partnership with Community Institutions and groups, toward the attainment of a viable, internationally competitive and sustainable Community, with improved quality of life for all."
Qaasuitsup
Qaasuitsup (Greenlandic pronunciation: [qaːsuitt͡sup̚], Place of Polar Darkness) was a municipality in Greenland, operational from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2017. As of January 2015, its population was 17,168. The administrative centre of the municipality was in Ilulissat (Jacobshavn).

Kangaatsiaq
Kangaatsiaq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [kaŋaːtsiɑq], old spelling: Kangâtsiaq) is a town located in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland. The town received town status as recently as 1986, though as a settlement it has existed much longer. It has 507 inhabitants as of 2023. Nearby settlements are Attu, Niaqornaarsuk, Ikerasaarsuk and Iginniarfik.
Grass Valley Pioneer Jewish Cemetery
Grass Valley Pioneer Jewish Cemetery, also known as Shaar Zedek (English: Gate of Righteousness) is a no longer active Jewish cemetery founded in 1856 by the Hebrew Benevolent of Society of Grass Valley, and is located in Grass Valley, California, U.S. The last burial happened in 1891. It is a private site operated by the Commission for the Preservation of Pioneer Jewish Cemeteries and Landmarks in the West and is not open to the public.

Grass Valley, California
Grass Valley is a city in Nevada County, California, United States.  As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 14,016.  Situated at roughly 2,500 feet (760 m) in elevation in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, this northern Gold Country city is 57 miles (92 km) by car from Sacramento and  88 miles (142 km) west of Reno.
Gareth Jones (anatomist)
David Gareth Jones CNZM (born 28 August 1940) is a New Zealand academic, and is an emeritus professor at the University of Otago, specialising in neuroscience, bioethics and anatomical education. He has published a number of books, including a textbook on medical ethics, and several books on medicine and theology. In 2004 Jones was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to science and education.

Alastair Campbell (bioethicist)
Professor Alastair Vincent Campbell MA, BD, Th.D., FRSE (born 16 April 1938) is a British theologian and bioethicist. He was the founding editor of the Journal of Medical Ethics and received the Henry K. Beecher award from the Hastings Centre in 1999.
Al-Bassah, Syria
Al-Bassah (Arabic: البصة) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located south of Latakia. Nearby localities include Baksa and Sqoubin to the north, Hanadi and Fideo to the east and Bustan al-Basha to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Bassah had a population of 4,369 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Bustan al-Basha
Bustan al-Basha (Arabic: بستان الباشا, also spelled Bistan al-Basha, lit. 'the Governor's Garden') is a village located along the Mediterranean coastline in northern Syria, part of the Latakia Governorate. It is situated southeast of Latakia and west of Qardaha. In the 2004 census Bustan al-Basha had a population of 1,603. Most of its inhabitants are Alawites and the village is home to the Makhlouf family who are related to the Assad family. According to Patrick Seale, Bustan al-Basha's residents were mostly aligned with Syrian Social Nationalist Party in the mid-20th-century.
Aftermath of the July uprising
Significant political, constitutional, and social changes in Bangladesh followed the July uprising of 2024 and the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The revolution, which was initially sparked by widespread public protests and calls for reform, led to major changes in Bangladesh's political landscape.

In the immediate aftermath of the revolution, the country faced violent unrest, a constitutional crisis and the formation of the interim government. These events prompted further protests and calls for reform, as well as extensive investigations. The entire period marked a pivotal moment in the nation's history, as it reshaped the country's governance, legal framework, and social fabric.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (Bengali: স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Swôrāstrô Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for internal security, law enforcement, and domestic policy. It serves as the country’s principal interior ministry and oversees key law enforcement, paramilitary, and intelligence agencies. The ministry is also responsible for public safety and policing, border security, immigration, the issuance of passports, and civil registration.
Baas B
Bart Zeilstra, better known by his stage name Baas B (born 10 April 1982), is a Dutch rapper and singer who was a founding member of Dutch rap formation D-Men and between 1997 and 2009, a member of the Dutch hip hop duo Lange Frans & Baas B both formed with his childhood friend Frans Frederiks better known as Lange Frans. After the split-up of the duo, he is working as a solo artist; the duo eventually reformed in 2019. Later, he formed a duo with DJ Malibu aka Malu Keijzer. Together they made a mash-up of the song: Cotton Eye Joe.

Negativ
Maurits Robert Delchot better known by his stage name Negativ (born 8 September 1982) is a Dutch rapper, actor and radio broadcaster of Surinamese origin from Amsterdam-Oost.

Negativ became part of the rap formation D-Men. He has also acted films like Bolletjes Blues and Complexx. He also has his own weekly radio show where he DJs for Juize FM on Fridays.
Geological Survey of Japan
The Geological Survey of Japan (地質調査総合センター, Chishitsu chōsa sōkō sentā) (GSJ) is a research institute and department of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), an Independent Administrative Institution under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). The Survey was initially formed in 1882 under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. The Geological Survey of Japan conducts surveys of and publishes research into the geology of Japan, produces geological maps of Japan, and operates the Geological Museum.

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (産業技術総合研究所, Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kenkyū-sho), or AIST, is a Japanese research facility headquartered in Tokyo, and most of the workforce is located in Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, and in several cities throughout Japan.  The institute is managed to integrate scientific and engineering knowledge to address socio-economic needs. It became a newly designed legal body of Independent Administrative Institution in 2001, remaining under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Battle of Kanōguchi
The Battle of Kanōguchi (加納口の戦い, Kanōguchi no Tatakai) was a battle during the Sengoku period (16th century) of Japan. 
As part of the very long rivalry between Oda Nobuhide and Saitō Dōsan, along with Dōsan's defense of his position in Mino Province.

Nobuhide and Dōsan fought each other on the battlefield in Kanōguchi. Nobuhide, who was the father of the famous Oda Nobunaga, ended in defeat, with the loss of two of his very close relatives. Following Nobuhide's defeat, Dōsan's name greatly spread throughout Japan.

Peace was reached between the two clans when they made a deal for Nobunaga to marry Nōhime, Dōsan's daughter.

Mino Province
Mino Province (美濃国, Mino no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.no (no kɯ.ɲi), mʲi.noꜜ-]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by  Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbreviated form name was Nōshū or Jōshū (濃州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Mino was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital and ichinomiya were located in what is now the town of Tarui.
Majnu Ka Tilla
Majnu-ka-tilla (MKT) is a colony in Delhi, India that was established around 1950. Majnu-ka-tilla is officially called New Aruna Nagar Colony, Chungtown, and Samyeling. It is part of North Delhi district and is located at the bank of the Yamuna River (NH-1) near ISBT Kashmiri Gate.

Kashmiri Gate, Delhi
Kashmiri Gate, also spelled Kashmere Gate, is a historic gate located in Old Delhi, Delhi, India. It served as the northern entrance to the walled city of Shahjahanabad, the capital of the Mughal Empire. Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the mid-17th century, the gate is named after its proximity to the road that led to Kashmir. It holds historical significance not only for its architectural grandeur but also for its role in key events, including the 1857 Indian Rebellion. Today, Kashmiri Gate is a prominent landmark in Delhi, connecting several major roads and serving as a hub for the city's transportation network.

Kashmiri Gate lends its name to the surrounding locality in North Delhi, situated in the Old Delhi area. It also serves as a significant road junction since it lies in close proximity to important landmarks such as the Red Fort, the Inter-State Bus Terminal (ISBT), and the Delhi Junction railway station.
Barnase
Barnase (a portmanteau of "BActerial" "RiboNucleASE") is a bacterial protein that consists of 110 amino acids and has ribonuclease activity. It is synthesized and secreted by the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, but is lethal to the cell when expressed without its inhibitor barstar. The inhibitor binds to and occludes the ribonuclease active site, preventing barnase from damaging the cell's RNA after it has been synthesized but before it has been secreted. The barnase/barstar complex is noted for its extraordinarily tight protein-protein binding, with an on-rate of 108s−1M−1.

Ribonuclease
Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components.  Ribonucleases can be divided into endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases, and comprise several sub-classes within the EC 2.7 (for the phosphorolytic enzymes) and 3.1 (for the hydrolytic enzymes) classes of enzymes.
Band-e-Amir Region
The Band-e-Amir Region are one of five Afghanistan men's first-class cricket teams that make up Afghanistan Cricket. It competes in the Mirwais Nika 3-Day Tournament first class (3-day) competition, Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament domestic one day competition and the Qosh Tepa National T20 Cup Twenty20 competition.

The Region represents the following provinces in the centre of Afghanistan: Ghazni, Bamyan, Daykundi, and Maidan Wardak.

2024 Qosh Tepa National T20 Cup
The 2024 Qosh Tepa National T20 Cup was the inaugural season of the National T20 Cup, a Twenty20 cricket competition played in Afghanistan. The tournament took place from 1 to 13 May 2024. Five regional teams competed in a double round-robin league, with the matches being held at Kabul. In March 2024, the Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB) confirmed the fixtures for the tournament. The competition served as the preparation for national players and the criteria for team selection ahead of the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
Self-pollination
Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen arrives at the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms) of the same plant. The term cross-pollination is used for the opposite case, where pollen from one plant moves to a different plant.

There are two types of self-pollination: in autogamy, pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower; in geitonogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant, or from microsporangium to ovule within a single (monoecious) gymnosperm. Some plants have mechanisms that ensure autogamy, such as flowers that do not open (cleistogamy), or stamens that move to come into contact with the stigma.

The term selfing that is often used as a synonym is not limited to self-pollination, but also applies to other types of self-fertilization.

Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the integument, forming its outer layer, the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its center. The female gametophyte — specifically termed a megagametophyte — is also called the embryo sac in angiosperms. The megagametophyte produces an egg cell for the purpose of fertilization. The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule. On the basis of the relative position of micropyle, body of the ovule, chalaza and funicle, there are six types of ovules.
100 Sleeping Princes and the Kingdom of Dreams
100 Sleeping Princes and the Kingdom of Dreams is a Japanese puzzle and role-playing smartphone game published by GCrest. It was released on Android and iOS devices in 2015. An original net animation by Satelight was released in 2017. An anime television series adaptation by Project No.9 premiered from July 5 to September 20, 2018. Sentai Filmworks have licensed the anime and are streaming it on Hidive.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan
The Ministry of National Security (MNS, Azerbaijani: Milli Təhlukəsizlik Nazirliyi) was an intelligence agency within the cabinet of Azerbaijan. The MNS was a central executive authority that carried out the competencies designated to it by the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of obtaining and analyzing information about foreign affairs, corporations, individuals.

The MNS also carried out intelligence, counter-intelligence, protection of state secrets, revealing, preventing, precluding and detection of crimes.

Cabinet of Azerbaijan
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Nazirlər Kabineti) is the highest executive body of Azerbaijan, the executive and governing body over the ministries and other central executive bodies under the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to Article 119 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Cabinet of Ministers is responsible for preparing and submitting the draft state budget to the President, as well as ensuring its execution. It is also tasked with implementing the country's financial, credit, and monetary policies, along with carrying out state economic and social allowance programs. Additionally, the Cabinet supervises ministries and other central executive authorities, holding the power to annul their acts if necessary.
HCRG Care Group
HCRG Care Group is a private provider of community health and social services in parts of the UK, commissioned by the National Health Service and by local authorities in England.

Founded in 2007 as Assura Medical, the company became majority-owned by the Virgin Group in 2010 and was known as Virgin Care. In December 2021, it was acquired by Twenty20 Capital and rebranded under its current name.

Clinical commissioning group
Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) were National Health Service (NHS) organisations set up by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to replace strategic health authorities and primary care trusts to organise the delivery of NHS services in each of their local areas in England. On 1 July 2022, they were abolished and replaced by integrated care systems as a result of the Health and Care Act 2022.
Heilbronn (electoral district)
Heilbronn is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 267. It is located in northern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the city of Heilbronn and the northern part of the Landkreis Heilbronn district.

Heilbronn was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Alexander Throm of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Heilbronn
Heilbronn (German pronunciation: [haɪlˈbʁɔn] ⓘ) is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by the Heilbronn District.

From the late Middle Ages on, it developed into an important trading centre. At the beginning of the 19th century, Heilbronn became one of the centres of early industrialisation in Württemberg. Heilbronn's old town was completely destroyed during the air raid of 4 December 1944 and rebuilt in the 1950s. Today Heilbronn is the economic centre of the Heilbronn-Franken region.

Heilbronn is known for its wine industry and is nicknamed Käthchenstadt, after Heinrich von Kleist's Das Käthchen von Heilbronn.

In October 2025, Heilbronn was named the European Green Capital for 2027.
Cappawhite
Cappawhite, also Cappaghwhite (Irish: An Cheapach or Ceapach na bhFaoiteach, meaning 'White's tillage plot'), is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is on the R505 road from Cashel to County Limerick. Close major towns include Tipperary town (12 kilometres to the south) and Cashel (20 kilometres to the east).

Tipperary (town)
Tipperary (/ˌtɪpəˈrɛəri/; Irish: Tiobraid Árann, meaning 'well of the Ara'), commonly known as Tipperary Town, is a town and a civil parish in County Tipperary, Ireland. It had a population of 4,979 as of the 2016 census. It is also an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly, and is in the historical barony of Clanwilliam. The town gave its name to County Tipperary.
Meatball soup
Meatball soup is a soup made using meatballs, simmered with various other ingredients. Meatball soup typically consists of broth with whole or cut meatballs. Common additions are vegetables, pasta (e.g., noodles, although almost any form can be used), dumplings, or grains such as rice and barley. Various types of meat are used, such as beef, lamb, pork and poultry.

Meatball
A meatball is ground meat (mince) rolled into a ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning. Meatballs are cooked by frying, baking, steaming, or braising in sauce. There are many types of meatballs using different types of meats and spices. The term is sometimes extended to meatless versions based on legumes, vegetables, mushrooms, fish (also commonly known as fish balls) or other seafood.
Carole Fréchette
Carole Fréchette (born 1949) is a Canadian playwright. She won the Siminovitch Prize in 2002. To date she has written more than a dozen plays including The Four Lives of Marie, The Seven Days of Simon Labrosse, Helen's Necklace, John and Beatrice, The Little Room at the Top of the Stairs, and most recently: Thinking of Yu.

Governor General's Award for French-language drama
This is a list of recipients of the Governor General's Award for French-language drama. The award was created in 1981 when the Governor General's Award for French language poetry or drama was divided.

Because the award is presented for plays published in print, a play's eligibility for the award can sometimes be several years later than its initial theatrical staging. Titles which compile several works by the playwright into a single volume may also be nominated for or win the award.
Kōyama Castle
Kōyama Castle (高山城, Kōyama-jō) was a yamajiro-style Japanese castle located in the Shintomi-honjō neighborhood of the town of Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1945.

Hyūga Province
Hyūga Province (日向国, Hyūga no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [çɯꜜː.ɡa (no kɯ.ɲi), çɯꜜː.ŋa-]) was a province of Japan in the area of southeastern Kyushu, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture Hyūga bordered on Ōsumi to the south, Higo to the west, and Bungo to the north. Its abbreviated form name was Kōshū (向州), although it was also called Nisshū (日州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Hyūga was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Hyūga was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.
Vinča-Belo Brdo
Vinča-Belo Brdo (Serbian: Винча-Бело брдо) is an archaeological site in Vinča, a suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. The tell of Belo Brdo ('White Hill') is almost entirely made up of the remains of human settlement, and was occupied several times from the Early Neolithic (c. 5700 BCE) through to the Middle Ages. The most substantial archaeological deposits are from the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Vinča culture, of which Vinča-Belo Brdo is the type site.

Type site
In archaeology, a type site (American English) or type-site (British English) is the site used to define a particular archaeological culture or other typological unit, which is often named after it. For example, discoveries at La Tène and Hallstatt led scholars to divide the European Iron Age into the La Tène culture and Hallstatt culture, named after their respective type sites.

The concept is similar to type localities in geology and type specimens in biology.
Atlantic and Danville Railway
The Atlantic and Danville Railway (reporting mark AD) was a Class I railroad which operated in Virginia and North Carolina. The company was founded in 1882 and opened its mainline between Portsmouth, Virginia and Danville, Virginia in 1890. The Southern Railway leased the company from 1899–1949. The Norfolk and Western Railway purchased the company in 1962 and reorganized it as the Norfolk, Franklin and Danville Railway.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.