hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Brunswick–United States relations
The Duchy of Brunswick and the United States began relations in 1848 with mutual recognition but both countries never established formal relations. Relations continued in 1867 when the duchy joined the North German Confederation. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.

Duchy of Brunswick
The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state that ceased to exist in 1918. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In the course of the 19th-century history of Germany, the duchy was part of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and from 1871 the German Empire. It was disestablished after the end of World War I, its territory incorporated into the Weimar Republic as the Free State of Brunswick.
Daniel Denton
Daniel Denton (c. 1626 – 1703) was an early American colonist. Denton led an expedition into the interior of northern New Jersey.  He was one of the purchasers of what is known as the Elizabethtown Tract in 1664, in the area of (and surrounding) present day Elizabeth, New Jersey. In 1670 he wrote the first English-language description of the area.

Hempstead (village), New York
Hempstead is a village located in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 59,169 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the most populous village in New York.

The Incorporated Village of Hempstead is the site of the seventeenth-century "town spot" from which English and Dutch settlers developed the Town of Hempstead, the Town of North Hempstead, and ultimately what would become Nassau County centuries later. It is the largest community by population in both the Town of Hempstead and Nassau County.

Hofstra University is partially located in Hempstead.
Posadówka
Posadówka [pɔsaˈdufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobiele Wielkie, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Kobiele Wielkie, 8 km (5 mi) east of Radomsko, and 82 km (51 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Kobiele Wielkie
Kobiele Wielkie [kɔˈbjɛlɛ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kobiele Wielkie. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) east of Radomsko and 84 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 800.

It is the birthplace of Nobel laureate, writer Władysław Reymont. There are two monuments commemorating him, in the village.
2019–20 Perth Scorchers WBBL season
The 2019–20 Perth Scorchers Women's season was the fifth in the team's history. Coached by Lisa Keightley and captained by Meg Lanning, the Scorchers finished the regular season of WBBL|05 in third place and qualified for finals. They were subsequently knocked out of the tournament by the Adelaide Strikers in an eight wicket semi-final loss at Allan Border Field.

Lisa Keightley
Lisa Maree Keightley (born 26 August 1971) is an Australian former cricketer and current cricket coach. She played primarily as a right-handed batter. She appeared in nine Test matches, 82 One Day Internationals and one Twenty20 International for Australia between 1995 and 2005. She played domestic cricket for New South Wales, as well as Warwickshire and Wiltshire.

Following her playing career, she became a coach, leading Australia, Perth Scorchers and England, among others.
Maine State Route 174
State Route 174 (SR 174) is a 3.82-mile-long (6.15 km) road from U.S. Route 1A (US 1A) to US 1/SR 3. For the entire length, SR 174 is named Fort Knox Road. The entire route is in Prospect, Waldo County.

U.S. Route 1 in Maine
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Maine is a major north–south section of the United States Numbered Highway System, serving the eastern part of the state. It parallels the Atlantic Ocean from New Hampshire north through Portland, Brunswick, and Belfast to Calais, and then the St. Croix River and the rest of the Canada–United States border via Houlton to Fort Kent. The portion along the ocean, known as the Coastal Route, provides a scenic alternate to Interstate 95 (I-95).
Cebuano literature
Cebuano literature includes both the oral and written literary forms Cebuano of colonial, pre-colonial and post-colonial Philippines.

While the majority of Cebuano writers are from the Visayas and Mindanao region, the best-known literary outlets for them, including the Bisaya Magasin, are based in Makati in Metro Manila. There is also a lively community of Cebuano-language writers based outside the country.

Erlinda K. Alburo
Erlinda Kintanar Alburo is a prolific contemporary Cebuano language scholar and promoter of the language. She is the former Director of the Cebuano Studies Center of the University of San Carlos, Philippines. She is an active member of Women in Literary Arts (WILA), and writes poetry both in English and cebuano. She teaches on the anthropology of linguistics. She has written 54 works in 4 languages.
Monkey World
50°41′50″N 2°13′04″W﻿ / ﻿50.697311°N 2.217725°W﻿ / 50.697311; -2.217725
The Monkey World Ape Rescue Centre is a 65-acre (26.3 ha) ape and monkey sanctuary, rescue centre and primatarium near Wool, Dorset, England.

Bornean orangutan
The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is an orangutan species endemic to the island of Borneo. It belongs to the only genus of great apes native to Asia and is the largest of the three Pongo species. It has a coarse, reddish coat and up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long arms. It is sexually dimorphic — males are larger than females and develop large cheek pads (flanges), for example.

The Bornean orangutan inhabits Borneo lowland rain forests and Borneo montane rain forests up to an elevation of 1,500 m (4,900 ft). Its diet includes fruits, seeds, flowers, bird eggs, sap and vines. It is highly intelligent, displaying tool use and distinct cultural patterns. It is critically endangered, with deforestation, palm oil plantations, and hunting posing a serious threat to its survival.
Wanda Morgan
Wanda Morgan (22 March 1910 – 8 June 1995) was a leading English golfer of the 1930s. She won the Womens Amateur Championship in 1935, having been a runner-up in 1931. She also won the English Women's Amateur Championship three times, in 1931, 1936 and 1937. She played three times for Britain in the Curtis Cup, in 1932, 1934 and 1936 and for England in the Women's Home Internationals between 1931 and 1953. In early 1938 she took a paid position at Dunlop which resulted in the loss of her amateur status. She was reinstated as an amateur in 1949 but lost her amateur status again in 1954.

1932 Curtis Cup
The 1st Curtis Cup Match was played on 21 May 1932 at Wentworth Golf Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England. The United States won 51⁄2 to 31⁄2.

The match was played on the East course, measuring about 6,000 yards. The foursomes began at 10:30 am and the singles at 2 pm. All the match pairings were announced the previous day. Britain used all 8 of their players while the Americans used the same six in both sessions. The United States won all three foursomes matches and, although Britain did better in the afternoon, America won two singles matches and won the contest.
Nominet UK
Nominet UK is currently delegated by IANA to be the manager of the .uk domain name. Nominet directly manages registrations directly under .uk, and some of the second level domains .co.uk, .org.uk, .sch.uk, .me.uk, .net.uk, .ltd.uk and .plc.uk. Nominet also manages the .wales and .cymru domains.

As of February 2021, the .uk register held 10,922,477 .uk domain names. This represents a year-on-year downward trend, when compared to February 2020, this is mainly due to the lapsing of the recently launched .uk domain names.

Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) is a process established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) for the resolution of disputes regarding the registration of internet domain names. The UDRP currently applies to all generic top level domains (.com, .net, .org, etc.), some country code top-level domains, and to all new generic top-level domains (.xyz, .online, .top, etc.).
Beer in Singapore
The local beer industry in Singapore began in the early 1930s with the formation of Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL) in 1931 (which went on to produce Tiger Beer) and later Archipelago Brewery in 1933 (which went on to produce Anchor Beer).

Heineken N.V.
Heineken N.V. (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛinəkə(n)]), branded as The Heineken Company is a Dutch multinational brewing company, founded in 1864 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. As of 2019, Heineken owns over 165 breweries in more than 70 countries. It produces 348 international, regional, local and speciality beers and ciders and employs approximately 85,000 people.

With an annual beer production of 24.14 billion litres in 2019, and global revenues of 23.894 billion euro in 2019, Heineken N.V. is the number one brewer in Europe and one of the largest brewers by volume in the world. Heineken's Dutch breweries are located in Zoeterwoude, 's-Hertogenbosch and Wijlre. The original brewery in Amsterdam, closed in 1988, is preserved as a museum called the Heineken Experience.

Since the merger between the two largest brewing empires in the world, Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller, in October 2016, Heineken has been the second-largest brewer in the world.
Aquila (constellation)
Aquila is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for 'eagle' and it represents the bird that carried Zeus/Jupiter's thunderbolts in Greek-Roman mythology.

Its brightest star, Altair, is one vertex of the Summer Triangle asterism. The constellation is best seen in the northern summer, as it is located along the Milky Way. Because of this location, many clusters and nebulae are found within its borders, but they are dim and galaxies are few.

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Moresque
Moresque is an obsolete alternative term to "Moorish" in English, and in the arts has some specific meanings.  By itself, the word is used to describe the stylized plant-based forms of tendrils and leaves found in ornament and decoration in the applied arts in Renaissance Europe that are derived from the arabesque patterns of Islamic ornament.  Like their Islamic ancestors, they differ from the typical European plant scroll in being many-branched and spreading rather than forming a line in one direction.  The use of half-leaves with their longest side running along the stem is typical for both.

First found in 15th-century Italy, especially Venice, moresques continue in the Mannerist and Northern Mannerist styles of the 16th century.

Applied arts
The applied arts are all the arts that apply design and decoration to everyday and essentially practical objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing. The term is used in distinction to the fine arts, which are those that produce objects with no practical use, whose only purpose is to be beautiful or stimulate the intellect in some way. In practice, the two often overlap.  Applied arts largely overlap with decorative arts, and the modern making of applied art is usually called design.

Examples of applied arts are:

Industrial design – mass-produced objects.

Sculpture – also counted as a fine art.

Architecture – also counted as a fine art.

Crafts – also counted as a fine art.

Culinary arts

Ceramic art

Automotive design

Fashion design

Calligraphy

Interior design

Graphic design

Cartographic (map) design
Saerom Animation
Saerom Animation, Inc. (Korean: 새롬 애니메이션) is an animation studio located in Seoul, South Korea founded in 1987 by Gilhwan Kim. While it mainly animates shows from American animation studios, the company started making its own cartoons in 2003.

Dong Woo Animation
DongWoo Animation Co. Ltd, also known as DongWoo A&E Co. Ltd (Korean: 동우에이엔이), is an animation studio located in Seoul, South Korea. It has produced many animated series and films created and produced in the United States, Canada, South Korea and Japan. The current CEO of the studio is Kim Young-doo.
Il segreto di Susanna
Il segreto di Susanna (English: Susanna's Secret, German: Susannens Geheimnis) is an intermezzo in one act by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari to an Italian libretto by Enrico Golisciani. The opera premiered in 1909 and is the most frequently performed of all of Wolf-Ferrari's works. The overture of the work has become a well known concert piece. The opera tells the story of a husband who suspects his wife is having an affair after discovering she smells like cigarettes; only later to discover that her secret is that she is a smoker. Musicologist John C.G. Waterhouse, wrote the following: "Il segreto di Susanna owes its success partly to its disarming simplicity. Lasting barely 45 minutes, with only two singing characters, it is conveniently cheap to produce; and the slender but distinctive idea of the libretto, combined with the elegant if rather miscellaneous charm of the music, has an obvious appeal which even subsequent cancer research has not seriously undermined."

RAI National Symphony Orchestra
The RAI National Symphony Orchestra (Italian: Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI) is an Italian symphony radio orchestra, owned by the public radio and television company RAI. Its primary concert venue is the Auditorium RAI in the Piazza Rossaro in Turin. Its concerts are broadcast on Rai Radio 3. The current artistic director is Ernesto Schiavi.

The orchestra was formed in 1994 by the merger of four former RAI orchestras of Turin, Milan, Rome, and Naples, which had been founded starting in 1931.
Wolf's Lair Abyss
Wolf's Lair Abyss is an EP by the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem.

According to the band's website, it is the first part of Grand Declaration of War. The main riff of the last track, "Symbols of Bloodswords", is used in "A Grand Declaration of War" and "View from Nihil (Part II)".

This EP was the first Mayhem release without guitarist Euronymous, who was murdered in 1993. The new line-up's material displayed across the songs is notably far more technical than that of earlier incarnations of the band; apart from the intro, each track contains at least two separate sections and is played at high tempo with consistent blast beats.

Grand Declaration of War
Grand Declaration of War is the second studio album by the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem, released by Season of Mist and Necropolis Records on 6 June 2000. A re-release of the album came out in December 2018, with Jaime Gomez Arellano overseeing the production.

The album's title and some of the lyrics are taken from the writings of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, particularly his books Twilight of the Idols—Nietzsche called Twilight of the Idols "a grand declaration of war" („eine grosse Kriegserklärung“). Grand Declaration of War is known for its eccentric musical style, which garnered a mixed reception upon release.
Saehan Motors
The Saehan Motor Company was a South Korean automobile manufacturer founded in 1976, which was born on the collaboration of Shinjin Industrial Company and General Motors to introduce their products on the South Korean market. Saehan was born on the former "General Motors Korea", which encountered difficulties when the South Korean market collapsed, following the first round of oil rises in 1973. This joint-venture, 50-50 between GM and Shinjin, consisted on a car assembly plant in Bupyong, a truck assembly plant in Pusan and a foundry at Incheon. In November 1976, Shinjin Motors faced financial problems and sold its 50% stake in Saehan to the Korea Development Bank (KDB). In 1978, the Daewoo Group acquired the equity stake and management rights from KDB. The company was renamed Daewoo Motor Co. in January 1983.

Isuzu Gemini
The Isuzu Gemini is a subcompact car produced by the Japanese automaker Isuzu from 1974 until 2000. The same basic product was built and/or sold under several other names, sometimes by General Motors brands, in various markets around the world. While the first generation was of a rear-wheel drive design, later versions were all front-wheel-drive, and the last two generations were no more than badge-engineered Honda Domani until the name was retired in 2000.
Chongwen, Beijing
Chongwen District (Chinese: 崇文区; pinyin: Chóngwén Qū) is a former district of Beijing, located relatively southeast to the city center (Tiananmen), and was situated between Yongdingmen and Qianmen. It spanned an area of 16.46 square kilometres (6.36 sq mi). It bordered Dongcheng to the north, Fengtai to the south, Chaoyang to the east, and Xuanwu to the west. It merged into the Dongcheng in July 2010.

Chongwen District was one of Beijing's more compact districts, with its geographic area being considerably less than other districts. Prior to its merger with Dongcheng District, it was the smallest of the four districts that composed the city center. The district was renowned for the Temple of Heaven and Longtan Park, as well as housing the two original (and the most authentic) Peking Duck restaurants, Quanjude and Bianyifang.

Yongdingmen
Yongdingmen (simplified Chinese: 永定门; traditional Chinese: 永定門; pinyin: Yǒngdìngmén; lit. 'Gate of Perpetual Peace'), was the former front gate of the outer city of Beijing's old city wall. Originally built in 1553 during Ming Dynasty, it was torn down in the 1950s to make way for the new road system in Beijing. In 2005, the Yongdingmen was reconstructed at the site of the old city gate. This new gate is disconnected from the original road leading towards the gate and into the city (see photograph below).

During the Boxer Rebellion, on 11 June 1900, the secretary of the Japanese legation, Sugiyama Akira (杉山 彬), was attacked and killed by the Muslim soldiers of General Dong Fuxiang near Yongdingmen, who were guarding the southern part of the Beijing walled city.
Cultural activism
Cultural activism is the denomination of several creative practices and activities which challenge dominant interpretations and constructions of the world while presenting alternative socio-political and spatial imaginaries in ways which challenge relationships between art, politics, participation, and spectatorship. It implies the use and creation of cultural products to promote social change and may include art, literature, music, cinema, among others.

Notable examples include culture jamming, subvertising, muralling, rebel clowning, urban knitting, guerrilla urbanism, political theatre and many other whimsical, non-violent approaches to protest and activism.

Yarn bombing
Yarn bombing (or yarnbombing) is a type of graffiti or street art that employs colorful displays of knitted or crocheted yarn or fibre rather than paint or chalk. It is also called wool bombing, yarn storming, guerrilla knitting, kniffiti, urban knitting, or graffiti knitting.
Oracle Database
Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a proprietary multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers on-premises, on-cloud, or as a hybrid cloud installation.  It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (Exadata on-premises, on Oracle Cloud or at Cloud at Customer).

Oracle Database uses SQL for database updating and retrieval.

Online transaction processing
Online transaction processing (OLTP) is a type of database system used in transaction-oriented applications, such as many operational systems. "Online" refers to the fact that such systems are expected to respond to user requests and process them in real-time (process transactions). The term is contrasted with online analytical processing (OLAP) which instead focuses on data analysis (for example planning and management systems).
Pathfinder International
Pathfinder International is a global non-profit organization that focuses on women's health, climate resilience, and leadership. The organization operates in 16 low- and middle-income countries in Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. Its mission is to "catalyze women-led, locally grounded sustainable solutions that strengthen communities — enabling women to navigate change, shape their own futures, and lead healthy lives."

United Nations Population Fund
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide. Its work includes developing national healthcare strategies and protocols, increasing access to birth control, and leading campaigns against child marriage, gender-based violence, obstetric fistula, and female genital mutilation.

The UNFPA supports programs in more than 144 countries across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. Around three-quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a founding member of the United Nations Development Group, a collection of UN agencies and programmes focused on fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Laveaga Peak
Laveaga Peak is a mountain located in the Diablo Range in California. Its summit rises to an elevation of 3,804 feet (1,159 m). The peak is on the boundary between Merced County and San Benito County and is the highest point in Merced County. The mountain is high enough to receive some snowfall during winter.

Merced County, California
Merced County (/mɜːr.ˈsɛd/ ⓘ mur-SED; Merced, Spanish for "Mercy") is a county located in the northern San Joaquin Valley section of the Central Valley, in the U.S. state of California.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 281,202., and for the 2024 census, the population was 296,774. The county seat is Merced. The county is named after the Merced River.

Merced County comprises the Merced, California Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Modesto-Merced, California Combined Statistical Area. It is located north of Fresno County and Fresno, and southeast of Santa Clara County and San Jose.
Lamellipalpodes kurumba
Lamellipalpodes kurumba is a rare, non-luminous species of firefly discovered in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, India. The Western Ghats are internationally recognized as one of the world's major biodiversity hotspots, characterized by high levels of species richness and endemism. Lamellipalpodes is a genus of non-luminous fireflies within the family Lampyridae, characterized by distinctly broadened terminal labial and maxillary palpomeres. The species was named in honour of the Kurumba, an indigenous tribal community traditionally inhabiting the Nilgiri region.

Lamellipalpodes
Lamellipalpodes is a genus of firefly beetles in the family Lampyridae. Species are distributed in India, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand. Species of Lamellipalpodes are known to possess striking morphological features. Males of these genera have morphologically distinct maxillary and labial palps bearing long paddle-like terminal palpomeres which are 5–11 times longer than the penultimate palpomeres. The genus is closely related to Lamellipalpus, the members of which have considerably larger mandibles.