hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Diploma (Ireland)
The National Diploma (NDip) (Irish: Dioplóma Náisiúnta) was a three-year ab initio specialised higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by an Institute of Technology or other HETAC designated institution in Ireland.

National Framework of Qualifications
The National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ) is a system used to describe levels of educational qualifications in Ireland.  Responsibility for maintaining and developing the framework lies with Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI).

Launched in 2003, the NFQ was developed by the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland as a means of comparing training and qualifications between institutions of education at all levels.  It encompasses learning at primary and second level, as well as acting as a benchmark for required standards for graduates of courses offered by  QQI, and universities.  The framework consists of 10 "Levels", ranging from Certificates at Level 1 which signify initial learning to degrees at doctoral level.  A 'fan diagram' is used to illustrate the progression of the levels.
History of Formula One
Formula One automobile racing has its roots in the European Grand Prix championships of the 1920s and 1930s, though the foundation of the modern Formula One began in 1946 with the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile's (FIA) standardisation of rules, which was followed by a World Championship of Drivers in 1950.

The sport's history parallels the evolution of its technical regulations. In addition to the world championship series, non-championship Formula One races were held for many years, the last held in 1983 due to the rising cost of competition. National championships existed in South Africa and the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s.

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
Squander Bug
The Squander Bug was a World War II propaganda character created by the British National Savings Committee to discourage "wasteful" spending and consumption, in order to free up capital and resources for the war effort. Originally designed by freelance illustrator Phillip Boydell for press advertisements, the character was widely used by other wartime artists in poster campaigns and political cartoons. It is one of the few propaganda campaigns from World War II to be fully documented from the original concept sketches to the finished adverts.

National Savings Movement
The National Savings Movement was a British mass savings movement that operated between 1916 and 1978 and was used to finance the deficit of government spending over tax revenues. The movement was instrumental during World War II in raising funds to support the war effort. In peacetime the movement provided an easy and safe way for ordinary people to save small sums of money.  The movement grew to around 7 million members before ceasing during the 1970s as more modern methods of saving took over.  Savings products promoted by the movement typically offered a low level of return but the safety of a government guarantee.
Kulasekhara Alvar
Kulasekhara (Tamil: குலசேகரர்; IAST: Kulaśekhara; fl. 9th century CE), one of the twelve Vaishnavite alvars, was a bhakti theologian and devotional poet from medieval south India. He was the author of "Perumal Tirumoli" in Tamil and "Mukundamala" in Sanskrit. The Perumal Tirumoli, whose second decade is known as "Tetrarum Tiral", is compiled as a part of Nalayira Divya Prabandham. The Thrikkulasekharapuram Temple in Kodungallur is associated with Kulasekhara Alvar.

Vaishnavite traditions portray Kulasekhara as a ruler from the Chera royal family of the Western Country (present-day Kerala). Based on these accounts, scholars identify Kulasekhara with the Chera playwright-king Kulasekhara Varma or Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara, who reigned from 844/45 to c. 870/71 CE and is considered the earliest known Chera ruler of medieval Kerala.

Naalayira Divya Prabandham
The Naalayira Divya Prabandham (Tamil: நாலாயிரத் திவ்வியப் பிரபந்தம், romanized: Nālāyira Divya Prabandham, lit. 'Four Thousand Divine Hymns') is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses composed by the 12 Alvars. It was compiled in its present form by Nāthamuni during the 9th–10th centuries. The work, an important liturgical compilation of the Tamil Alvars who lived between 5th and 8th Century CE, marks the beginning of the canonisation of 12 Vaishnava poet saints, and these hymns are still sung extensively today.
2005 Ohio's 2nd congressional district special election
On August 2, 2005, elections were held in Ohio's 2nd congressional district to choose a United States representative to replace Rob Portman, who had resigned his seat in April to become United States Trade Representative. Jean Schmidt, the Republican Party candidate, defeated Democrat Paul Hackett, in a surprisingly close election as the district has not elected a Democrat since Tom Luken won a 1974 special election.

Hamilton County, Ohio
Hamilton County is located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 830,639, making it the third-most populous county in Ohio. The county seat and most populous city is Cincinnati. The county is named for the first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton.
Hamilton County is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Commonwealth Railways CN class
The Commonwealth Railways CN class was a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives purchased by the Commonwealth Railways, Australia, from the Canadian National Railway (CN) during World War II, for use on the Trans-Australian Railway.

The eight locomotives in the class had been built in 1907-1908 by Montreal Locomotive Works, Montreal, Quebec, for the Canadian Northern Railway. After passing into CN ownership in 1918, they became part of CN's H6c class. Despite being withdrawn by 1952 they were not scrapped right after instead remaining derelict until 1957.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
1875 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1875 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1875 college football season. The team finished with a 2–0 record. Collins Denny, who later became a notable clergyman and professor of philosophy, was captain of the 1875 team.

On November 13, Princeton defeated Columbia by a 6–2 score. The New York Herald wrote: "The contest was short, sharp and decisive and attracted a considerable crowd."

The team was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion (along with Harvard and Columbia) by Parke H. Davis.

This season marked the last of four consecutive national championships, and one of 11 in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881.

1881 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1881 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, then more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1881 college football season. The team finished with a 7–0–2 record and was retroactively named national champion by the Billingsley Report and as co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. This season marked Princeton's 11th national championship in a 13-year period between 1869 and 1881. P. T. Bryan was the captain of the team.

No goals were scored against the Tigers in 1881 and the season ended as it had for the fourth time in five years; a 0–0 tie against Yale in or near New York.
EduGAIN
eduGAIN is an international interfederation service interconnecting research and education identity federations. It enables the secure exchange of information related to identity, authentication and authorization between participating federations. The service is managed by a team led by TERENA. eduGAIN® is a registered trademark of DANTE.

Federated identity
A federated identity in information technology is the means of linking a person's electronic identity and attributes, stored across multiple distinct identity management systems.

Federated identity is related to single sign-on (SSO), in which a user's single authentication ticket, or token, is trusted across multiple IT systems or even organizations. SSO is a subset of federated identity management, as it relates only to authentication and is understood on the level of technical interoperability, and it would not be possible without some sort of federation.
Old Radnor
Old Radnor (Welsh: Pencraig) is a village and community in Powys, Wales. The community includes Old Radnor and the villages of Yardro, Dolyhir, Burlingjobb, Evenjobb (Welsh: Einsiob), Kinnerton and Walton. In the 2001 census and the 2011 census the community had a population of 741 (390 male and 351 female) in 323 households. Old Radnor lies on a lane off the A44 to the west of the Wales–England border.

The 15th-century parish church, dedicated to Saint Stephen, is in Perpendicular Gothic style, and is noted for its early organ and organ case, early stained glass, fine rood screen and large pre-Norman font. Adjacent to it are earthworks known as Old Radnor Castle, but it is unclear if this was ever in fact a fortification.

Riddings Brook, a tributary of the River Lugg, starts near Old Radnor. Old Radnor has one pub, the Harp Inn, a 15th-century farm house.

New Radnor, which had replaced Old Radnor as the county town of Radnorshire, is further to the west.

Yardro
Yardro (Welsh: Yr Ardro) is a hamlet in Powys, Wales, in the historic county of Radnorshire.

The nearest significant towns are Kington, Herefordshire (over the border in England) and Presteigne (in Powys). New Radnor, which used to be the county town of Radnorshire, is a short distance to the north of Yardro.
Same-sex marriage in Saskatchewan
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Saskatchewan since November 5, 2004 as a result of a decision of the Family Law Division of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench. This decision followed similar cases in six other provinces and territories, and pre-dated by eight months the federal Civil Marriage Act of 2005, which made same-sex marriage available throughout Canada. Later court decisions have dealt with the issue of marriage commissioners who object to performing same-sex marriages on the basis of their religious beliefs.

Saskatchewan was the seventh jurisdiction in Canada, and the tenth in the world after the Netherlands, Belgium, Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, Massachusetts, Yukon, Manitoba and Nova Scotia, to legalise same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage in British Columbia
Same-sex marriage has been legal in British Columbia since July 8, 2003, after a series of court rulings in Barbeau v. British Columbia which ultimately landed in favour of same-sex couples seeking marriage licences. This made British Columbia the second province in Canada, the second jurisdiction in North America and the fourth in the world, after the Netherlands, Belgium and Ontario, to legalise same-sex marriage.
Pilum, Iran
Pilum (Persian: پيلوم, also Romanized as Pīlūm) is a village in Rameshk Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 10 families.

Chah Dadkhoda District
Chah Dadkhoda District (Persian: بخش چاه دادخدا) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Dadkhoda.

The district is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of the county center and most of its people are farmers. Cereals, sesame and dates are the major crops grown in this area. The main source of irrigation is underground water, with some seasonal rivers that flow and end in Jaz-e Moryan.
Borail Wildlife Sanctuary
Barail Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the southern part of Assam, India, in the Cachar district, and lies between 24°55΄53΄΄-25°05΄52΄΄ N latitude and 92°27΄40΄΄-93°04΄30΄΄ E longitude. The Dima Hasao part of Barail is not part of this sanctuary. The altitude ranges between 55–1500 m above mean sea level. It spreads over 326.24 km2. The annual average rainfall and temperature range from 2500–4000 mm and 9.2 °C to 36.2 °C respectively; the humidity varies from 62% to 83%. Fieldworks in the Barail area were proposed as a national park or sanctuary in the 1980s.

Cachar district
Cachar district is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. After independence, the pre-existing undivided Cachar district was split into four districts: Dima Hasao (formerly North Cachar Hills), Hailakandi, Karimganj, and the current Cachar district. Silchar is Cachar district's center of government.
COVID-19 pandemic in Laos
The COVID-19 pandemic in Laos is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 24 March 2020, Laos became the last country in Southeast Asia to report its confirmed case of the virus. As of 5 June 2022, there were a total of 210,081 cases and 756 deaths. On 4 May 2021, Laos exceeded 1,000 cases of COVID-19. Five days later, the country recorded the first death.

On 21 December 2021, Laos overtook China in terms of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases.

COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia
The COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was confirmed to have spread to Southeast Asia on 13 January 2020, when a 61-year-old woman from Wuhan tested positive in Thailand, making it the first country other than China to report a case. The first death occurred on 2 February, involving a 44-year-old Chinese man in the Philippines, also the first outside China. By 24 March, all states in the region had announced at least one case.

As of 21 January 2026, Vietnam has the highest number of cases, ahead of Indonesia and Malaysia, while Indonesia has the highest number of deaths. On the other hand, Timor-Leste has the least cases and deaths.
Drangsnes
Drangsnes (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtrauŋsˌnɛːs], regionally also [ˈtraŋs-]) is a small town in the northwestern part of Iceland, at the mouth of Steingrímsfjörður and around 11.21 km (6.96 mi) from Hólmavík.

It is part of the Kaldrananeshreppur municipality and only has 67 inhabitants (2011 census). It got its name from a tall rock named Kerling of what is said that it is one of three troll women who tried to separate the Westfjords from the rest of Iceland.

Hólmavík
Hólmavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhoulmaˌviːk]) is a village in the western part of Iceland, by Steingrímsfjörður.

It is the largest settlement in Strandir and serves as a centre of commerce for the county.  Hólmavík is part of the Strandabyggð municipality and has 375 inhabitants (2011 census). Hólmavík is home to the Museum of Icelandic Sorcery and Witchcraft and the Holmadrangur shrimp processing plant. The modern church was built in 1968.

Well-known people from Hólmavík include the poet Stefán frá Hvítadal and the musician Gunnar Þórðarson of the band Hljómar. The artist Einar Hákonarson has a studio and a home in Hólmavík.

Hólmavík boasts a swimming pool constructed in 2004.  It is the only pool in the region not geothermally heated.

Near Húsavík and Tröllatunga, two farms in the South of Hólmavík, lignite and iron ore were exploited in former times, and some fossils from the Tertiary period were found there as well.
Best of the Anti-Nowhere League
Best of the Anti-Nowhere League is the first compilation album by English punk rock band Anti-Nowhere League. It contains the full 12" of Out on the Waterfront and four tracks that were absent from the Live in Yugoslavia album.

Live in Yugoslavia
Live in Yugoslavia is a live album by the British punk band Anti-Nowhere League. It was recorded in Moša Pijade Hall in Zagreb, Yugoslavia on 24 April 1983 and released and pressed later in the same year in England on I.D Records. The CD was anecdotally edited to remove foul language and crude references to the recently deceased former president Tito, but nothing was edited or removed on the original 1983 vinyl release.

The album was recorded live using the mobile equipment of sound engineer Nenad Zubak and his crew. The original of the recording was on a radio tape and was later additionally mixed by Ted Sharp and the band members at the Rockfield Studios.

The LP cover was designed by Crunchic and Sirc Nirbag and the art featured an artist's impression of the Flag of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with its map on fire. The back cover contained photographs of the members taken by Goranka Matic on the streets of Zagreb.
Millennium Wood, Ipswich
Millennium Wood is a 3.8 hectare Local Nature Reserve on the southern outskirts of Ipswich in Suffolk. It is owned by Suffolk County Council  and managed by the Greenways Countryside Project.

New saplings have been planted on the edge of this ancient, semi-natural wood of hornbeam and coppiced lime. There are many flowers in the spring such as bluebells, wild garlic and archangel.

There is access from Bobbits Lane.

Bobbits Lane
Bobbits Lane is a 16.1 hectares (40 acres) Local Nature Reserve in Ipswich in Suffolk. It is owned by Ipswich Borough Council and managed by the Greenways Countryside Project.

In the reserve, grassy paths run through wet meadows. Fauna include otters, water voles, kingfishers, egrets and toads.

There is access to the site from Stoke Park Drive.
Hutthurm
Hutthurm (Central Bavarian: Huading) is a municipality in the district of Passau in Bavaria in Germany. Passau is also the nearest major city, 15 km away.

The municipality of Hutthurm consists of the market town of Hutthurm and more than 40 villages, hamlets and isolated settlements. 
The most important villages are Hötzdorf, München and Prag, other, smaller ones are Kalteneck, Leoprechting, Niederpretz and Großthannensteig.
Hutthurm lies on a hill above the Ilz, Kalteneck in the valley of the Ilz, which flows into the Danube about 15 km further south.

Passau (district)
Passau is a Landkreis (district) in the southeast of Bavaria, Germany. It encloses the city of Passau geographically from two sides. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Rottal-Inn, Deggendorf, Freyung-Grafenau. To the south it borders Austria.
French submarine Artémis (1914)
The French submarine Artémis was one of eight Amphitrite-class submarines built for the French Navy during the 1910s and completed during World War I. Completed in 1916, she served in the Adriatic Sea during the war and was sold for scrap in 1927.

Amphitrite-class submarine
The Amphitrite class consisted of eight submarines built for the French Navy just before World War I and completed during the war. The diesel engines of these boats were very unreliable and partially accounted for their lengthy building times. Two of the submarines, Amarante and Astrée, were converted into minelayers before completion.
14th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 14th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

Gallatin, Tennessee
Gallatin is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 44,431 at the 2020 census and has an estimated population of 52,489 as of 2024. Named for United States Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, the city was established on the Cumberland River and made the county seat of Sumner County in 1802. It is located about 30.6 miles northeast of the state capital of Nashville, Tennessee.

Several national companies have facilities or headquarters in Gallatin, including Facebook, Gap, Inc.,  Beretta and Servpro Industries LLC. Gallatin was formerly the headquarters of Dot Records. The city is also the site of Volunteer State Community College, a two-year college with more than 70 degree programs. In 2017, Gallatin was ranked as "The Nicest Place In America" by Reader's Digest.
Olympus FTL
The Olympus FTL  was a 35mm single-lens reflex camera (SLR) sold by Olympus between 1971 and 1972. It was a transition model between the Pen F half-frame SLR and full-frame OM-1. 
The FTL was a very traditional SLR with 42mm screw lenses.

Olympus Pen F
The Olympus Pen F, Pen FT and Pen FV are very similar half-frame 35 mm single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras with interchangeable lenses produced by Olympus of Japan between 1963-1966 (Pen F), 1966-1972 (Pen FT) and 1967-1970 (Pen FV).
Ellenberg, Saxony-Anhalt
Ellenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɛlənbɛʁk]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it has been part of the municipality Wallstawe.

Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Gifhorn, Uelzen, Lüchow-Dannenberg in Lower Saxony, and the districts of Stendal and Börde (district).
Inada Park
Inada Park (稲田公園, Inada Kōen) is a park located in the district of Sugeinadazutsumi, Tama Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture.

Since 2005 the park has been the location of the "Osakana Post" organized by the non-profit organization of the same name. Many fish owners have dumped their unwanted pets into the river. The "Osakana Post" is a service where fish owners can drop their fish off. From 2005 to 2012 around 10,000 fish were dumped into the tank. Many of these have been kept at the home of Mitsuaki Yamasaki, one of the leaders of the NPO, and the NPO arranges for the fish to be taken by new owners, either private individuals or schools.

Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Kawasaki, officially Kawasaki City, is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, one of the main cities of the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area. It is the second most populated city in Kanagawa Prefecture after Yokohama, and the eighth most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area).

As of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is 142.70 km2 (55.10 sq mi).