hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalus-e Markazi
Kalus-e Markazi (Persian: كالوس مركزي, also Romanized as Kālūs-e Markazī) is a village in Sarrud-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 204, in 46 families.

Sarrud-e Jonubi Rural District
Sarrud-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان سررود جنوبي) is in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Aliabad-e Sartol. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Tall Khosrow.
Fecal impaction
A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). Fecal impaction is a common result of neurogenic bowel dysfunction and causes immense discomfort and pain. Commonly affected populations include the elderly and chronically ill, especially those with neuropsychiatric diseases. It is estimated that 50% of elderly patients in geriatric wards and nursing homes suffer from fecal impaction in the course of a year. Treatment includes laxatives, enemas, and pulsed irrigation evacuation (PIE) as well as digital removal.  It is not a condition that resolves without direct treatment.

Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use.
Xiang Hongqiong
Xiang Hongqiong (Chinese: 向红琼; born November 1958) is a retired Chinese politician of Miao ethnicity who served as governor of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from 2011 to 2016. She was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in March 2022. She was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
Wargame Construction Set III: Age of Rifles 1846–1905
Wargame Construction Set III: Age of Rifles 1846–1905 (or simply Age of Rifles) is a turn-based computer wargame for MS-DOS, written by Norm Koger. It was published in 1996 by Strategic Simulations. It is the third game in the Wargame Construction Set series, following Wargame Construction Set (1986) and Wargame Construction Set II: Tanks! (1994).

Strategic Simulations
Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) was a video game developer and publisher of over 100 games from its founding in 1979 to its dissolution in 1994 (though the brand was in use until around 2002). The company focused on computer wargames then later added role-playing video games. SSI published the Panzer General series and the official video game adaptations of Dungeons & Dragons.
Russian principalities
The Russian principalities (Russian: русские княжества), also known as the Rus' principalities (Ukrainian: Руські князівства), were polities that became independent following the disintegration of Kievan Rus' in the 12th century as a result of feudal fragmentation. During the 14th century the principalities of Southwestern and Southern Rus' were incorporated by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. By the late 15th and early 16th century, the remaining Rus' principalities had been united with the Grand Principality of Moscow, leading to the creation of a centralized state. The period between the 12th and 15th centuries is also known as Appanage Russia.

Batu Khan
Batu Khan (c. 1205–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan.  His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years.
Civil Rights Game
The Civil Rights Game was an annual game in Major League Baseball (MLB) that honored the history of civil rights in the United States. Its first two playings also marked an unofficial end to the league's spring training. The game was played annually from 2007 through 2015. In conjunction with the Civil Rights Game, MLB annually honored pioneers of civil rights with Beacon Awards.

History of civil rights in the United States
The history of civil rights in the United States consists of noted events such as the passage of legislation and organized efforts to abolish public and private acts of racial and/or religious discrimination against Native Americans, African Americans, Asians, Latin Americans, women, the homeless, practitioners of minority religions, and other groups since the independence of the country.
Trinitat Vella (Barcelona Metro)
Trinitat Vella is a station in the Barcelona metro network, currently served by the TMB-operated L1. It's named after the neighbourhood Trinitat Vella, in the Sant Andreu district of Barcelona, and the park of the same name. It is quite unusual in being one of the few stations with an attached building overground, which lies on the Nus de la Trinitat and links the neighbourhood with Parc de la Trinitat.

It was opened in 1983, when the line was extended from Torras i Bages towards Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Santa Coloma (Barcelona Metro)), and rebuilt in 1992. It can be accessed from Via Barcino and from the park.

Nus de la Trinitat
Nus de la Trinitat (Spanish : Nudo de la Trinidad), is a major highway interchange in northern Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was constructed in 1992, for the 1992 Summer Olympics. In fact, it was one of the main components of the Barcelona high-capacity beltway, formed by Ronda Litoral and Ronda de Dalt.

There are four highways converging to the Nus de la Trinitat:

Ronda de Dalt ( B-20).

Ronda Litoral ( B-10)

C-58 highway ( C-58)

B-20 Barcelona-Montgat motorway.

Nus de la Trinitat is the busiest traffic junction in Barcelona since four primary motorways converge there and is frequently saturated on rush hour.
Mid Hills
The Mid Hills are a  low mountain range in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California.

The Mid Hills are located entirely within Mojave National Preserve.  They are northeast of Kelso and the park's visitor center, and southeast of Cima Dome & Volcanic Field. At the southeast end are the Little Thorne Mountains.

Kelso, California
Kelso is a ghost town and defunct railroad depot in the Mojave National Preserve in San Bernardino County, California, USA. It was named after railroad worker John H. Kelso, whose name was placed into a hat along with two other workers to decide the name of the town. The town was built in 1905 specifically as a railroad station along the rail line between Utah and Los Angeles, originally called "Siding 16," because of its location and nearby springs that provided abundant water. Historic Spots in California states, "At Kelso stands a beautiful Spanish-style Union Pacific Depot built about 1906, surrounded by shade trees, a welcome rarity in the hot, barren desert."
Cyperus chalaranthus
Cyperus chalaranthus is a species of sedge that is native to parts of northern South America.

The species was first formally described by the botanists Carl Borivoj Presl and Jan Svatopluk Presl in 1828.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Flettner
Anton Flettner, Flugzeugbau GmbH was a German helicopter and autogyro manufacturer during World War II, founded by Anton Flettner.

Flettner aircraft included:

Flettner Fl 184 - Reconnaissance autogyro, prototype

Flettner Fl 185 - Reconnaissance helicopter, prototype

Flettner Fl 265 - Reconnaissance helicopter, prototype

Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri (Hummingbird) - Reconnaissance helicopter

Flettner Fl 339 - Reconnaissance helicopter, project

Flettner Gigant - Experimental helicopter

Anton Flettner's interest in aerodynamics (specifically the Magnus effect, which produces a force from a cylinder rotating in a fluid flow) also led him to invent the Flettner rotor which he used to power a Flettner ship which crossed the Atlantic, and the Flettner ventilator which is still widely used as a cooling device for buses, vans and other commercial vehicles and which is based upon the Savonius principle.

Flettner Fl 282
The Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri (Hummingbird) is a single-seat intermeshing rotor helicopter, or synchropter, produced by Anton Flettner of Germany. According to Yves Le Bec, the Flettner Fl 282 was the world's first series production helicopter.
Alien: The Illustrated Story
Alien: The Illustrated Story, or simply Alien, is an American sixty-four page graphic novel adaptation of the 1979 science fiction horror film Alien published by Heavy Metal magazine in 1979. It was scripted by Archie Goodwin and drawn by Walt Simonson. It is the first comic from the Alien franchise and one of few of the franchise's comic publications which is not associated with the long-lasting Aliens line from Dark Horse Comics. The book was a major critical and commercial success and was the first comic to ever be listed on the New York Times Bestsellers list.

Aliens (Dark Horse Comics line)
Aliens is a line of several comic books set in the fictional universe of the Alien films published by Dark Horse Comics from 1988 forward. The stories often feature the company Weyland-Yutani and the United States Colonial Marines. Originally intended as a sequel to James Cameron's 1986 film Aliens, the first mini-series features the characters of Rebecca "Newt" Jorden and Corporal Dwayne Hicks. Later series also included the further adventures of Ellen Ripley, with other stories being unique to the Alien universe and are often used to explore other aspects of the species, such as their sociology and biology, and also tying into Dark Horse Comics' Predator and Aliens vs. Predator lines. The novels by Titan Books also crossed over with the comics leading to some shared continuity.
2011 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election
Periodic elections for the Tasmanian Legislative Council were held on 7 May 2011. The three seats up for election were Launceston, held by retiring independent MLC Don Wing; Murchison, held by independent MLC Ruth Forrest; and Rumney, held by Labor MLC Lin Thorp. These seats were last contested in 2005.

On the same day, a by-election was held for the seat of Derwent following the resignation of Labor MLC Michael Aird. Derwent was last contested in 2009.

Tasmanian Liberal Party
The Tasmanian Liberal Party, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division) and more simply as the Tasmanian Liberals, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in Tasmania.

The incumbent premier of Tasmania is Jeremy Rockliff, who has served as the Liberal leader since 2022.
Adolphus William Copper Smelter
Adolphus William Copper Smelter is a heritage-listed former copper smelter and associated mining camp at Westwood and Oakey Creek in Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1874. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 May 2011.

Rockhampton Region
The Rockhampton Region is a local government area (LGA) in Central Queensland, Australia, located on the Tropic of Capricorn about 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of Brisbane.  Rockhampton is the region's major city; the region also includes the Fitzroy River, Mount Archer National Park and Berserker Range.

In the 2021 census, the Rockhampton Region had a population of 81,968 people.
Finsland
Finsland or Finnsland is a village in Kristiansand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Nodeland and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of the village of Bjelland. The village is very small and it is located in a very rural area, but it is the site of Finsland Church, the main church for the northern half of Songdalen municipality. The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Finsland which existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964.

Bjelland
Bjelland is a village in Lindesnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the river Mandalselva, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the village of Byremo (in Lyngdal) and about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) west of the village of Hægeland (in Vennesla). The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Bjelland which existed from 1902 until 1964. The village is the site of Bjelland Church.
Bases (fashion)
Bases are the cloth military skirts (often part of a doublet or a jerkin), generally richly embroidered, worn over the armour of later men-at-arms such as French gendarmes in the late 15th to early 16th century, as well as the plate armour skirt later developed in imitation of cloth bases for supplemental upper-leg protection, worn by men-at-arms for foot combat.

Gendarme (historical)
A gendarme was a heavy cavalryman of noble birth, primarily serving in the French army from the Late Middle Ages to the early modern period. Heirs to the knights of French medieval feudal armies, French gendarmes enjoyed like their forefathers a great reputation and were regarded as the finest European heavy cavalry force until the decline of chivalric ideals largely due to the ever-evolving developments in gunpowder technology. They provided the King of France with a potent regular force of armored lancers which, when properly employed, dominated late medieval and early modern battlefields. Their symbolic demise is generally considered to be the Battle of Pavia, which saw the gendarmes suffer a disastrous defeat and inversely confirmed the rise of the Spanish Tercios as the new dominant military force, leading to the preeminence of the House of Habsburg in 16th century Europe.
MT-RNR1
Mitochondrially encoded 12S ribosomal RNA (often abbreviated as 12S or 12S rRNA) is the SSU rRNA of the mitochondrial ribosome. In humans, 12S is encoded by the MT-RNR1 gene and is 959 nucleotides long. MT-RNR1 is one of the 37 genes contained in animal mitochondria genomes. Their 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA and 13 mRNA genes are very useful in phylogenetic studies, in particular the 12S and 16S rRNAs. The 12S rRNA is the mitochondrial homologue of the prokaryotic 16S and eukaryotic nuclear 18S ribosomal RNAs. Mutations in the MT-RNR1 gene may be associated with hearing loss. The rRNA gene also encodes a peptide MOTS-c, also known as Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c or Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c.

SSU rRNA
Small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) is the smaller of the two major RNA components of the ribosome.
Associated with a number of ribosomal proteins, the SSU rRNA forms the small subunit of the ribosome. It is encoded by SSU-rDNA.
Nanny van
The nanny van (Chinese: 褓姆車) or school private light bus is a kind of school bus service in Hong Kong. At its peak of popularity during the 1980s, it had become a form of "illegal" public transportation. Subsequently, due to unauthorized use of the vans, the government banned them as a form of public transportation and required all existing nanny vans to register and operate on designated routes.

All nanny vans in service today are required by the government to have both the Chinese text "學校私家小巴" and the English text "SCHOOL PRIVATE LIGHT BUS" in capital letters painted on the sides of the vans. There were 1769 such buses registered with the Transport Department in 2014.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Quercus salicina
Quercus salicina is an oak species found in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

The larvae of the Japanese oakblue (Arhopala japonica), of Acrocercops vallata and Marumba sperchius feed on Q. salicina.

Stenophyllanin A, a tannin, and other quinic acid gallates can be found in Q. salicina. The triterpene friedelin can also be isolated from the leaves of the tree.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
BBC Television
BBC Television is a service of the BBC. The corporation has operated a public broadcast television service in the United Kingdom, under the terms of a royal charter, since 1 January 1927. It produced television programmes from its own studios from 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936.

The BBC's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they accounted for more than 30% of all UK viewing in 2013. The services are funded by a television licence.

As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement, the BBC Television division was split, with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television (channels and genre commissioning, BBC Sport and BBC iPlayer) being renamed BBC Content.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Ruby Braff
Reuben "Ruby" Braff (March 16, 1927 – February 9, 2003) was an American jazz trumpeter and cornetist. Jack Teagarden was once asked about him on the Garry Moore television show and described Ruby as "the Ivy League Louis Armstrong".

Braff, who was of Jewish heritage, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. He was renowned for working in an idiom ultimately derived from the playing of Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbecke. He began playing in local clubs in the 1940s. In 1949, he was hired to play with the Edmond Hall Orchestra at the Savoy Cafe of Boston. He relocated to New York in 1953 where he was much in demand for band dates and recordings.

He resided in Harwich, Massachusetts and died of complications from emphysema, heart failure, and glaucoma on February 9, 2003, in Chatham, Massachusetts. He had spent a good part of his life living in the Riverdale section of The Bronx, New York City.

Edmond Hall
Edmond Hall (May 15, 1901 – February 11, 1967) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader. Over his career, Hall worked extensively with many leading performers as both a sideman and bandleader and is possibly best known for the 1941 chamber jazz song "Profoundly Blue".
Queens Building, Townsville
Queens Building is a heritage-listed shopping centre at 175 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Tunbridge & Tunbridge and built c. 1887. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Townsville City, Queensland
Townsville City is a coastal suburb at the centre of the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Townsville City had a population of 2,945 people.

It is the city's central business district and a major hub for businesses of all sectors in the Northern Australia region.
Buda heresy
The Buda heresy (Hungarian: budai eretnekség) was a Waldensian heretical movement from 1304 to 1307 in Buda, the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day a borough of Budapest). In a political context, the heresy was a tiny segment of a wider conflict during the era of Interregnum following the death of King Andrew III of Hungary, when various claimants fought for the Hungarian throne.

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Wenceslaus II Přemyslid (Czech: Václav II.; Polish: Wacław II Czeski; 27 September 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305).

He was the only surviving son of King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda. He was born in 1271, ten years after the marriage of his parents. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich, lord of Slavonia, son of a Grand Prince of Kiev, and Anna of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary. His great-grandfather was the German king Philip of Swabia. Wenceslaus II was the grandfather of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.
Drake Well Museum
The Drake Well Museum and Park is a museum in Cherrytree Township, Pennsylvania that chronicles the birth of the American oil industry in 1859 by Colonel Edwin Drake. The museum collects and preserves related artifacts. The reconstructed Drake Well demonstrates the first practical use of salt drilling techniques for the extraction of petroleum through an oil well.

A historic site, the museum is located in Cherrytree Township, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Titusville on Drake Well Road, situated between Pennsylvania Routes 8 and 27.  The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.

Oil Creek and Titusville Railroad
The Oil Creek and Titusville Railroad (reporting mark OCTL) is a tourist railroad that runs from Titusville to Rynd Farm north of Oil City in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Oil Creek and Titusville Lines (reporting mark OCTL) is the designated operator of the railroad, as well as the freight carrier on the line.
Society for Medieval Germanic Studies
The Society for Medieval Germanic Studies, (SMGS, pronounced 'smugs') is an academic organization for scholars working in medieval Germanic language and literature in the United States and beyond. It was founded in 1995 particularly to provide a platform for German sessions at the annual International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo.

International Congress on Medieval Studies
The International Congress on Medieval Studies is an annual academic conference held for scholars specializing in, or with an interest in, medieval studies. It is sponsored by the Medieval Institute at the Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The Congress is the largest annual gathering in the field, regularly attracting over three thousand registered participants from all over the world. The first conference took place in 1962.