hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Satyendra Dubey
Satyendra Dubey (27 November 1973 – 27 November 2003) was an Indian Engineering Service (IES) officer. He was the Project Director in the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) at Koderma, Jharkhand. He was assassinated in Gaya, Bihar, allegedly for his anti-corruption related actions in the Golden Quadrilateral highway construction project.

Central Bureau of Investigation
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the domestic crime investigating agency of India. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Originally set up to investigate bribery and governmental corruption, in 1965 it received expanded jurisdiction to investigate breaches of central laws enforceable by the Government of India, multi-state organised crime, multi-agency or international cases. CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act. CBI is India's officially designated single point of contact to act as the liaison with Interpol. The CBI headquarter is  located in CGO Complex, near Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi.
Tinia Valles
The Tinia Valles are a set of channels in an ancient valley in the Memnonia quadrangle of Mars, located at 4.7° south latitude and 149° west longitude.  They are 18.7 km long and were named after a classical river in Italy. The associated valley has many dark slope streaks on its walls. These features are widely believed to be avalanches of a thin layer of bright dust that usually covers the dark surface beneath.

Memnonia quadrangle
The Memnonia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Memnonia quadrangle is also referred to as MC-16 (Mars Chart-16).

The quadrangle is a region of Mars that covers latitude -30° to 0° and longitude 135° to 180°. The western part of Memnonia is a highly cratered highland region that exhibits a large range of crater degradation.

Memnonia includes the Arcadia Planitia, Amazonis Planitia, Lucus Planum, Terra Sirenum, Daedalia Planum, and Terra Cimmeria regions.

Many ancient river valleys including Mangala Vallis, have been found in the Memnonia quadrangle. Mangala appears to have begun with the formation of a graben, a set of faults that may have exposed an aquifer.
Spatial gradient
A spatial gradient is a gradient whose components are spatial derivatives, i.e., rate of change of a given scalar physical quantity with respect to the position coordinates in physical space. 
Homogeneous regions have spatial gradient vector norm equal to zero.
When evaluated over vertical position (altitude or depth), it is called vertical derivative or  vertical gradient; the remainder is called horizontal gradient component, the vector projection of the full gradient onto the horizontal plane.

Examples:

Biology

Concentration gradient, the ratio of solute concentration between two adjoining regions

Potential gradient, the difference in electric charge between two adjoining regions

Fluid dynamics and earth science

Density gradient

Pressure gradient

Temperature gradient
Geothermal gradient
Sound speed gradient

Wind gradient

Lapse rate

Density gradient
Density gradient is a spatial variation in density over a region. The term is used in the natural sciences to describe varying density of matter, but can apply to any quantity whose density can be measured.
2015 XF261
2015 XF261 is a Near-Earth Aten asteroid with an estimated diameter of between 16 m (52 ft) and 69 m (226 ft), with next closest approach occurring on 5 March 2026 at 15:44 UTC and closest approach of the 21st century occurring on 11 April 2090 at a nominal distance of 0.00302 au (452,000 km). It completes one orbit around the Sun every 360 days.

Aten asteroid
The Aten asteroids are a dynamical group of asteroids whose orbits bring them into proximity with Earth. By definition, Atens are Earth-crossing asteroids (a < 1.0 AU and Q > 0.983 AU). The group is named after 2062 Aten, the first of its kind, discovered on 7 January 1976 by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory. As of January 2025, 2,966 Atens have been discovered, of which 271 are numbered, 14 are named, and 197 are classified as potentially hazardous asteroids.
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli. It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Infection with this type of pathogenic bacteria may lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea, and to kidney failure; these have been reported to cause the deaths of children younger than five years of age, of elderly patients, and of patients whose immune systems are otherwise compromised.

Transmission is via the fecal–oral route, and most illness has been through distribution of contaminated raw leaf green vegetables, undercooked meat and raw milk.

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
1974 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's singles
The 1974 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's singles was an event of the 1974 U.S. Clay Court Championships tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States from August 5 through August 12, 1974. The draw comprised 64 players and 12 of them were seeded. Fourth-seeded Manuel Orantes was the defending champion U.S. Clay Court Championships singles champion  but lost in the semifinals to Jimmy Connors. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the title and $16,000 first-prize money by defeating third-seeded Björn Borg in the final, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4. It was their first encounter on clay courts.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Plaza Alta (Algeciras)
Plaza Alta is a square in the old town of Algeciras, Spain. It is one of the major centres of activity in the city, hosting numerous events and festivals throughout the year. Some of the city's most important buildings such as the Iglesia de la Palma and the Capilla de Europa stand on the square while neighbouring streets include Calle Ancha and Calle Convento.

Chapel of Our Lady of Europe
The Chapel of Our Lady of Europe  (Spanish: Capilla de Nuestra Señora de Europa) is a Roman Catholic chapel located  in the High Square (Spanish: Plaza Alta) of Algeciras (Spain). The popularly known "Capillita de Europa" (English: Small Chapel of Europe) is considered as the foundational element of the modern city of Algeciras. It was the host of the statue of the Virgin and the Child kept in the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe from the capture of Gibraltar by the Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1704 to 1864.
Ponsonby RFC
Ponsonby District Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Auckland, New Zealand. The club was established in 1874 and is affiliated with the Auckland Rugby Football Union. Ponsonby is the oldest extant member of the Auckland union, and the second oldest club in the Auckland region, after North Shore, who are now affiliated with the North Harbour Rugby Union.

The men's premier team have won the Auckland Premier competition a record 45 times, including 33 times since the introduction of the Gallaher Shield, itself named after Ponsonby stalwart Dave Gallaher. Ponsonby have dominated the Auckland competition in recent years, having been champions on eight consecutive occasions between 2004 and 2011. The club has produced numerous All Blacks, the most recent being Rieko Ioane.

North Harbour Rugby Union
The North Harbour Rugby Union (NHRU), commonly known as North Harbour or simply Harbour, is the governing body of rugby union that encompasses a wide geographical area north of Auckland that includes North Shore City, Rodney District, the Hibiscus Coast and part of Waitakere City. There are 12 rugby clubs from Mahurangi RFC, based in Warkworth, Rodney District, in the north through to Massey the southernmost area of the union.

The NHRU provincial rugby team that was formed in 1985 by clubs that left the Auckland Rugby Union. It competes in the Mitre 10 Cup, the successor to New Zealand's former domestic competition, the National Provincial Championship (NPC).
Kia Sorento
The Kia Sorento (Korean: 기아 쏘렌토, romanized: Gia Sorento) is a series of two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive family SUVs manufactured by the South Korean manufacturer Kia since 2002 through four generations. Initially a compact SUV built on a body-on-frame chassis, the second-generation Sorento transitioned to a larger car-based platform which placed it into the mid-size crossover SUV class, and has been developed alongside the Hyundai Santa Fe. It is presumably named after the Italian city of Sorrento, although Kia did not confirm this.

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and Highway Loss Data Institute (IIHS-HLDI) is an American nonprofit organization. It was established in 1959, and it is noted for its safety reviews of vehicles in various crash tests, including the effectiveness of a vehicle's structural integrity and safety systems during a collision, in addition to examining improvement on such elements.

IIHS releases an annual list of the safest vehicles, which includes list of 'Top Safety Picks' as well as a "Top Safety Picks+'.
Montague grammar
Montague grammar is an approach to natural language semantics, named after American logician Richard Montague. The Montague grammar is based on mathematical logic, especially higher-order predicate logic and lambda calculus, and makes use of the notions of intensional logic, via Kripke models. Montague pioneered this approach in the 1960s and early 1970s.

Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.
Soltan-Ali Vazir-e Afkham
Soltan-Ali Vazir-e Afkham(Persian: سلطان‌علی وزیر افخم; 13 December 1862 – 13 July 1914), was an Iranian politician who served as Acting Prime Minister and Interior minister of Iran from 21 March 1907 to 30 April 1907.

Prime Minister of Iran
Prime minister of Iran was a political post in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty, and continued into the Pahlavi dynasty from 1923 and, following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, into the Islamic Republic of Iran, before being abolished in 1989.
Howard Glassman
Howard Allen Glassman (born 1960 in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan), commonly known as Humble Howard, is a Canadian radio personality, best known as co-host with Fred Patterson of the Humble & Fred morning show, which had been heard on Edge 102, Mojo 640 and Mix 99.9 in Toronto.

CJFM-FM
CJFM-FM (95.9 FM) is a commercial English-language radio station located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Owned and operated by Bell Media, the station broadcasts a contemporary hit radio format branded as 95.9 Virgin Radio.

CJFM-FM broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 41,200 watts (Class C1) using an omnidirectional antenna located atop Mount Royal, at 297.4 metres (976 ft) in height above average terrain. Its studios are located at the Bell Media building at 1717 René-Lévesque Boulevard East in Downtown Montreal.
MPs first elected in the 2022 French legislative election
This article lists all the Members of Parliament (députés) who were newly elected in their own right to the 16th legislature of the French National Assembly in the 2022 legislative election.

235 legislators were new members of the National Assembly.

16th legislature of the French Fifth Republic
The 16th legislature of the Fifth French Republic (French: XVIe législature de la Cinquième République française) was elected in the 2022 French legislative election. It was preceded by the 15th legislature. On 9 June 2024, following a defeat in the 2024 European Parliament Elections, President Emmanuel Macron dissolved the National Assembly, as per article 12 of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic, and called for snap elections on 30 June (1st round) and 7 July (2nd round).
2024 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb
The 2024 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb was held on December 4–7, 2024, in Zagreb, Croatia. It was part of the 2024–25 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance.

Golden Spin of Zagreb
The Golden Spin of Zagreb (Croatian: Zlatna pirueta Zagreba) is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Croatian Skating Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski klizački savez) at the Klizalište Velesajam in Zagreb, Croatia. The competition debuted in 1967 when Zagreb was part of Yugoslavia. It was suspended in 1991 owing to the Croatian War of Independence, but continued as a Croatian event beginning in 1992. When the ISU launched the Challenger Series in 2014, the Golden Spin of Zagreb was one of the inaugural competitions. It has been a Challenger Series event ever since, except for 2020, when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; and when the event is part of the Challenger Series, skaters earn World Standing points based on their results.
Paolo Vanoli
Paolo Vanoli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpaːolo vaˈnɔːli]; born 12 August 1972) is an Italian professional football coach and former player who played as a left back or left midfielder. He is currently head coach of Serie A club Fiorentina.

2021–22 Russian Cup
The 2021–22 Russian Cup was the 30th season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The competition qualification started on 14 July 2021 and it concluded on 29 May 2022. The final was attended by almost 70,000 fans at the Luzhniki Stadium.

The winner of the cup would normally win entry into the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League; however, on 28 February 2022, Russian football clubs were suspended from FIFA & UEFA international competitions until further notice. The Russian invasion of Ukraine was cited as the reason. Nevertheless, the winners do qualify for the 2022 Russian Super Cup.
Ding Yuehua
Ding Yuehua (丁月华, as "Moonlight") is a fictional character from the 19th-century Chinese novel The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants. She was a younger sister of the brothers Ding Zhaolan and Ding Zhaohui, and later married Zhan Zhao.

Zhan Zhao
Zhan Zhao (展昭) is a fictional character in the Chinese wuxia classic The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants. Nicknamed the "Southern Hero", he is a righteous knight-errant with incredible martial arts skills, often helping Prefect Bao Zheng uphold justice. Emperor Renzong of Song made him a 4th rank royal guard and gave him the title "Imperial Cat" for his swift movements.
Ibn Sufi
Ali ibn Muhammad Alawi Umari with the full name of Najmuddin Abul-Hasan Ali ibn Abul-Ghanaim Alawi Umari known as Ibn Sufi (born c. 1000 AD/CE—c. 390 AH in Basra, died c. 1068 AD/CE—c. 460 AH in Mosul) was a prominent Shiite genealogist and the author of the famous Arabic historical genealogy book "Al-Majdi fi Ansabi al-Taalebiyin" (in Arabic: ألمَجدی فی أنسابِ الطّالبیّین, lit. 'Attributed to Al-Majdi in the Lineages of the Taalebis People').

Ali ibn Tawus al-Hilli
Sayyid Raḍī ad-Deen Alī ibn Mūsa ibn Tawūs al-Ḥasanī (Arabic: السيّد رضي الدين عليّ بن موسى بن جعفر بن طاووس الحسني) (1193–1266 AD), commonly known as Sayyed Ibn Tawus (Arabic: سید بن طاووس), was a Twelver Shia Muslim jurist, theologian, historian and astrologer. He was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali through his father and a descendant of Husain ibn Ali through his mother. It is said that he met the twelfth Shiite imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, who according to Shiites is living in occultation.
He is known for his library and his numerous works which are still available in their original form and help us learn about the interests of Muslim scholars at the end of the Abbasid era.
Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross
The Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross (Latin: Signum Sacri Itineris Hierosolymitani) is an honour of the Holy See awarded in the name of the Pope as a recognition of merit to pilgrims to the Holy Land. It is, alongside the five papal knightly orders, one of the eight distinctions awarded by the Vatican. The order was founded by Pope Leo XIII in the year 1901.

The decoration is worn on the left side of the chest. It should not be worn except in religious solemnities, processions, pilgrimages, or in the presence of the Pope.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See include titles, chivalric orders, distinctions and medals honoured by the Holy See, with the Pope as the fount of honour, for deeds and merits of their recipients to the benefit of the Holy See, the Catholic Church, or their respective communities, societies, nations and the world at large.

Some of these honours are defunct or currently dormant, while some are still actively conferred.
Love & Understanding
Love & Understanding is the seventh studio album by the funk band Kool & the Gang, released in 1976. The album had mild success. Three tracks, "Hollywood Swinging", "Summer Madness" and "Universal Sound" were recorded live at the Rainbow Theatre in London, England.

Ronald Bell (musician)
Ronald Nathan Bell (November 1, 1951 – September 9, 2020), also known as Khalis Bayyan, was an American composer, singer, songwriter, arranger, producer, saxophonist and co-founding member of Kool & the Gang. The band recorded nine No. 1 R&B singles in the 1970s and 1980s, including its No. 1 pop single "Celebration". The group is honored on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Josip Stanišić
Josip Stanišić (Croatian pronunciation: [jǒsip stǎniʃitɕ]; born 2 April 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich. Born in Germany, he plays for the Croatia national team. Stanišić has featured most often as a right-back but also as a centre-back, left-back and wing-back at senior level.

2020–21 Bundesliga
The 2020–21 Bundesliga was the 58th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 18 September 2020 and concluded on 22 May 2021. The season was originally scheduled to begin on 21 August 2020 and conclude on 15 May 2021, though this was delayed due to postponement of the previous season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fixtures were announced on 7 August 2020.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, winning their record-extending 9th consecutive title and 31st title overall (30th in the Bundesliga era) on 8 May with three games to spare. By winning their thirtieth Bundesliga title, Bayern Munich are honoured with a fifth gold star on their team badges and shirts.

Bayern's Robert Lewandowski set a new record for goals scored in a season with 41, surpassing the previous record of 40 goals set by Gerd Müller in 1971–72.
ROCm
ROCm is an Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) software stack for graphics processing unit (GPU) programming. ROCm spans several domains, including general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU), high performance computing (HPC), and heterogeneous computing. It offers several programming models: HIP (GPU-kernel-based programming), OpenMP (directive-based programming), and OpenCL.

ROCm is free, libre and open-source software (except the GPU firmware blobs), and it is distributed under various licenses. The name initially stood for Radeon Open Compute platform; however, due to Open Compute being a registered trademark, the name no longer functions as an acronym.

Heterogeneous computing
Heterogeneous computing refers to systems that use more than one kind of processor or core. These systems gain performance or energy efficiency not just by adding the same type of processors, but by adding dissimilar coprocessors, usually incorporating specialized processing capabilities to handle particular tasks.
Sirius (urban-type settlement)
Sirius (Russian: Сириус) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is incorporated as a federal territory.

Sirius is located on the Black Sea coast, between the Mzymta in the northwest and the Psou on the southeast. The Psou also designated the state border between Georgia (Abkhazia) and Russia. From the inland site, Sirius is roughly bounded by A147 highway connecting Dzhubga via Tuapse and Sochi with the Russian border.

Dzhubga
Dzhubga (Russian: Джу́бга; Adyghe: Жьыбгъэ, Ẑəbġă which means "Wind") is a seaside resort situated 57 km west of Tuapse in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

Dzhubga is the starting point of the M27 highway. It is connected to the region's capital, Krasnodar, by a 108-kilometre-long (67 mi) highway that runs northward, passing through Adygeysk and Goryachy Klyuch.

In June 2007, Eni and Gazprom disclosed the South Stream project whereby a 900-kilometre-long (560 mi) offshore natural gas pipeline with annual capacity of 31 cubic kilometers is planned to cross the Black Sea from Dzhubga to Varna, en route to Italy and Austria.
The Mysterious West
The Mysterious West is a 1994 anthology edited by Tony Hillerman and published by HarperTorch (an imprint of HarperCollins). The book went on to win the Anthony Award for Best Short Story Collection in 1995.

Anthony Awards
The Anthony Awards are literary awards for mystery writers presented at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention since 1986. The awards are named for Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), one of the founders of the Mystery Writers of America.