hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preservation metadata
Preservation metadata is item level information that describes the context and structure of a digital object. It provides background details pertaining to a digital object's provenance, authenticity, and environment. Preservation metadata, is a specific type of metadata that works to maintain a digital object's viability while ensuring continued access by providing contextual information, usage details, and rights.

As an increasing portion of the world’s information output shifts from analog to digital form, preservation metadata is an essential component of most digital preservation strategies, including digital curation, data management, digital collections management and the preservation of digital information over the long-term. It is an integral part of the data lifecycle and helps to document a digital object’s authenticity while maintaining usability across formats.

Digital curation
Digital curation is the selection, preservation, maintenance, collection, and archiving of digital assets.
It is a process that establishes, maintains, and adds value to repositories of digital data for present and future use. The implementation of digital curation is often carried out by archivists, librarians, scientists, historians, and scholars to ensure users have access to reliable, high-quality resources. Enterprises are also starting to adopt digital curation as a means to improve the quality of information and data within their operational and strategic processes. A successful digital curation initiative will help to mitigate digital obsolescence, keeping the information accessible to users indefinitely. Digital curation includes various aspects, including digital asset management, data curation, digital preservation, and electronic records management.
Cleome gynandra
Cleome gynandra is a species of Cleome that is used as a leaf vegetable. It is known by many common names including Shona cabbage, African cabbage, spiderwisp, cat's whiskers, and stinkweed. It is an annual wildflower native to Africa but has become widespread in many tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world.

Leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable. Those eaten raw in a salad can be called salad greens, whereas leaf vegetables eaten cooked can be called pot herbs.

Nearly 1,000 species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach, but also come from some woody plants. The leaves of many fodder crops (e.g. alfalfa, clover, and most grasses) are also edible by humans, but usually only as famine or processed food.

Leaf vegetables contain many typical plant nutrients, but being photosynthetic tissues, their vitamin K levels are particularly notable. Accordingly, users of vitamin K antagonist medications like warfarin must limit their consumption of leaf vegetables.
Aarne Tarkas
Aarne Tarkas (until 1947 Saastamoinen, 19 December 1923  – 7 October 1976)  was a Finnish film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. Tarkas started his career as a screenwriter for Matti Kassila film Radio tekee murron (1951) for which they shared a Jussi Award. In 1952, he founded a production company Junior-Filmi, which produced internationally recognized Erik Blomberg film Valkoinen peura.

Tarkas was known as a very fast writer who, during his most productive years, finished up to five movies per year. All in all, Tarkas wrote 35 scripts and directed 33 feature films. During his final years, he worked mostly for television. Aarne Tarkas died of heart failure at the age of 52.

Matti Kassila
Matti Kassila (12 January 1924 – 13 December 2018) was a Finnish film director who achieved fame as one of the most prominent Finnish filmmakers in the 1950s and 1960s. He is most famous for the series of four Inspector Palmu movies, based on the character created by Mika Waltari. During his long career, he won seven Jussi Awards, including a concrete Jussi for lifetime achievement, and received numerous other commendations. His 1959 film Punainen viiva was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. He was also one of the screenwriters for the 1968 film Here, Beneath the North Star, directed by Edvin Laine.
Agostino Depretis
Agostino Depretis (31 January 1813 – 29 July 1887) was an Italian statesman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Italy for several stretches between 1876 and 1887, and was leader of the Historical Left parliamentary group for more than a decade. He is the fourth-longest-serving prime minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Giolitti and Silvio Berlusconi, and at the time of his death he was the longest-served. Depretis is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history, having enacted numerous reforms that modernized Italy, such as expanding male suffrage and free education.

He was a master in the political art of Trasformismo, the method of making a flexible, centrist coalition of government which isolated the extremes of the left and the right in Italian politics after the unification.

Minister of the Interior (Italy)
The minister of the interior (Italian: ministro dell'interno) in Italy is one of the most important positions in the Italian Council of Ministers and leads the Ministry of the Interior. The current minister is prefect Matteo Piantedosi,  appointed on 22 October 22 in the Meloni Cabinet.

The minister of the interior is responsible for internal security and the protection of the constitutional order, for civil protection against disasters and terrorism, for displaced persons and administrative questions. It is host to the Standing Committee of Interior Ministers and also drafts all passport, identity card, firearms, and explosives legislation.

The interior minister is political head for the administration of internal affairs. They control the State police, the Vigili del Fuoco, and the prefects. The minister therefore sits on the High Council of Defence.
2022 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2022 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 105th staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It is sponsored by Electric Ireland, and known as the Electric Ireland HE GAA Fitzgibbon Cup for sponsorship purposes. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 14 December 2020. The 2022 Fitzgibbon Cup started with the group stage on 19 January 2022 and ended on 19 February 2022.

University College Cork were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Institute of Technology, Carlow at the quarter-final stage.

The final was played on 19 February 2022 at the Institute of Technology, Carlow, between the University of Limerick and NUI Galway, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. The University of Limerick won the match by 1–21 to 2–15 to claim their seventh Fitzgibbon Cup title overall and a first title since 2018.

NUI Galway's Evan Niland was the top scorer with 0-79.

Fitzgibbon Cup
The Fitzgibbon Cup (Irish: Corn Mhic Giobúin) is the trophy for the premier hurling championship among higher education institutions (universities, colleges and institutes of technology) in Ireland.

The Fitzgibbon Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council. Comhairle Ard Oideachais also oversees the Ryan Cup (tier 2 hurling championship), the Fergal Maher Cup (tier 3 hurling championship) and the Padraig MacDiarmada (tier 4 hurling championship).

The GAA Higher Education Cups are sponsored by Electric Ireland.
Washburn Island, Massachusetts
Washburn Island is a 330-acre (1.3 km2) island off the coast of East Falmouth, Massachusetts within Waquoit Bay. It is home to some primitive campsites and is part of the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. It is part of the Town of Falmouth, in Barnstable County in the village of Waquoit.

During World War II, the island was home to Camp Washburn.

Falmouth, Massachusetts
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. The population was 32,517 at the 2020 census, making Falmouth the second-largest municipality on Cape Cod after Barnstable. The terminal for the Steamship Authority ferries to Martha's Vineyard is located in the village of Woods Hole in Falmouth. Woods Hole also contains several scientific organizations such as the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), the Woodwell Climate Research Center, NOAA's Woods Hole Science Aquarium, and the scientific institutions' various museums.

For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Falmouth, please see the articles on East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, North Falmouth, Teaticket, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole. Falmouth also encompasses the villages of Hatchville and Waquoit, which are not census-designated places and fall within the village of East Falmouth based on postal service.
Yponomeuta paurodes
Yponomeuta paurodes is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Australia in the states of Queensland and New South Wales.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

The larvae feed on Cassine australis. They live solitarily in a small web on their food plant.

Ermine moth
Certain members of the unrelated snout moths (Pyralidae) are also known as "ermine moths." Spilosoma lubricipeda is an unrelated moth with the common name "white ermine."

An ermine moth is any moth in the family Yponomeutidae, which has several hundred species, most of them in the tropics. The larvae tend to form communal webs, and some are minor pests in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. Adult moths are minor pollinators.
Timeline of children's television on ITV
This is a timeline of children's programming on the British ITV network and ITV Digital Channels. The timeline starts in 1980 or earlier when ITV launched its first branding for children's programming, although programmes for children had been broadcast on ITV from the earliest years of the network.

Holly & Stephen's Saturday Showdown
Holly & Stephen's Saturday Showdown (previously titled Ministry of Mayhem and MoM) is a British children's entertainment programme that was broadcast on ITV (later CITV) from 10 January 2004 to 1 July 2006.
Mount Dow
Mount Dow (54°42′S 36°10′W﻿ / ﻿54.700°S 36.167°W﻿ / -54.700; -36.167) is a mountain, 1,680 metres (5,510 ft) high, standing at the south side of Novosilski Glacier, 1 nautical mile (2 km) west of the north end of Mount Carse in the south part of South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey in the period 1951–57, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for American whaling historian George F. Dow, the author of Whale Ships and Whaling: A Pictorial History of Whaling During Three Centuries.

Mount Carse
Mount Carse is a mountain having several peaks, the highest at 2,330 metres (7,640 ft), standing 2 nautical miles (4 km) north of the head of Drygalski Fjord in the southern part of the Salvesen Range of South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey (SGS) between 1951 and 1957 and named for V. Duncan Carse, leader of the four SGS expeditions during that period.

The first ascent was made on 21 January 1990 by Brian Davison and Stephen Venables, members of the Southern Ocean Mountaineering Expedition.
Twoo.com
Twoo or Twoo.com was a social discovery platform launched in 2011 by Massive Media. Users create profiles, upload pictures and chat with other users. The website and app is available in 38 languages and counted 181 million users in 200 countries in December 2016.  Twoo announced that they will shut down on June 30, 2022, alerting users of this by way of pop-up notices when the users log in. Users were migrated to POF (Plenty of Fish).

Plenty of Fish
Plenty of Fish (POF) is a Canadian online dating service, popular primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Spain, Brazil, and the United States. It is available in nine languages. The company, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia generates revenue through advertising and premium memberships. While it is free to use, Plenty of Fish offers premium services as part of their upgraded membership, such as allowing users to see who has "liked" a member through the service's MeetMe feature, and whether a message has been read and/or deleted.
Project Wickenby
Project Wickenby was a long-running joint-agency investigation initiated by the Australian Government in 2005 to combat offshore tax evasion. The investigation was jointly run by the Australian Taxation Office, Australian Securities and Investments Commission, the Australian Federal Police and the Australian Crime Commission.

After 76 people were charged and 46 convictions recorded, the investigation concluded on 30 June 2015.

According to the Australian Taxation Office, Project Wickenby was responsible for recouping $985.67 million.

Australian Taxation Office
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian Government. The ATO has responsibility for administering the Australian federal taxation system, superannuation legislation, and other associated matters. Responsibility for the operations of the ATO is within the portfolio of the Treasurer of Australia and the Treasury.

As the Australian government's principal revenue collection body, the ATO collects income tax, goods and services tax (GST) and other federal taxes. The ATO also has responsibility for managing the Australian Business Register, delivering the Higher Education Loan Program, delivering many Australian government payments and administering key components of Australia's superannuation system.
History of the Jews in Philadelphia
As of 2020, over 350,000 Jews lived in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, making it one of the largest Jewish populations in the U.S.

Jews in Philadelphia can trace their history back to Colonial America. Jews have lived in Philadelphia since the arrival of William Penn in 1682. In 2020, the largest Jewish denominations in Philadelphia were Reform and Conservative, followed by Orthodox.

Mayor of Philadelphia
The mayor of Philadelphia is the chief executive of the government of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
as stipulated by the Charter of the City of Philadelphia. The current mayor of Philadelphia is Cherelle Parker, who is the first woman to hold the position.
Alexander Shemansky
Alexander Leonidovich Shemansky (Russian: Александр Леонидович Шеманский; 11 May 1900, Irkutsk — 1 April 1976, Los Angeles) was a Russian opera singer (tenor).

He studied at the Irkutsk Cadet Corps; in the Civil War he served as a second lieutenant in the Russian Far East. He emigrated to Harbin, studied singing at the Osipova-Zarzhevskoy. In exile, he was a soloist at the Opera Harbin Railway Assembly, toured with the Italian Opera Company "Capri" in Asian countries. In Harbin, in 1936, played a concert together with Feodor Chaliapin. In the 1960s he moved to the United States, where he taught singing in Los Angeles.

Feodor Chaliapin
Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin (Russian: Фёдор Ива́нович Шаля́пин, romanized: Fyodor Ivanovich Shalyapin, IPA: [ˈfʲɵdər ɨˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ʂɐˈlʲapʲɪn]; 13 February [O.S. 1 February] 1873 – 12 April 1938) was a Russian opera singer. Possessing a deep and expressive bass voice, he enjoyed an important international career at major opera houses and is often credited with establishing the tradition of naturalistic acting in his chosen art form.
Oleg Tsokov
Oleg Yuryevich Tsokov (Russian: Олег Юрьевич Цоков; 23 September 1971 – 11 July 2023) was a Russian lieutenant general who served in the Russian Ground Forces as deputy commander of the Southern Military District. He was killed in 2023 by a missile strike during a Ukrainian counteroffensive against the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Maykop
Maykop (/meɪˈkɒp, maɪ-/) is the capital city of Adygea, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River. It borders Maykopsky District, from which it is administratively and municipally independent, to the east and south; Giaginsky District to the north, and Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai to the west.

Population: 143,385 (2021 census); 144,249 (2010 census); 156,931 (2002 census); 148,608 (1989 Soviet census).
Museum Boerhaave
Rijksmuseum Boerhaave is a museum of the history of science and medicine, based in Leiden, Netherlands. The museum hosts a collection of historical scientific instruments from all disciplines, but mainly from medicine, physics, and astronomy.

The museum is located in a building that was originally a convent in central Leiden. It includes a reconstructed traditional anatomical theatre. It also has many galleries that include the apparatus with which Heike Kamerlingh Onnes first liquefied helium (in Leiden), the electromagnet equipment used by Wander Johannes de Haas (a Leiden physicist) for his low-temperature research, and an example of the Leiden jar, among many other objects in the extensive collection.

The museum is named after Herman Boerhaave, a Dutch physician and botanist who was famous in Europe for his teaching at Leiden and lived to a great age, receiving brilliant students from all over Europe, including Peter the Great, Voltaire and Linnaeus.

Polarimeter
A polarimeter is a scientific instrument used to measure optical rotation: the angle of rotation caused by passing linearly polarized light through an optically active substance.

Some chemical substances are optically active, and linearly polarized (uni-directional) light will rotate either to the left (counter-clockwise) or right (clockwise) when passed through these substances.  The amount by which the light is rotated is known as the angle of rotation. The direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) and magnitude of the rotation reveals information about the sample's chiral properties such as the relative concentration of enantiomers present in the sample.
Angelamaría Dávila
Angelamaría Dávila Malavé (February 21, 1944 – July 8, 2003) was a Puerto Rican poet and writer who explored themes of love, relationships, and womanhood. She is an Afro-feminist and Afro-Caribbean poet and visual artist who identified her black Puerto Ricanness as a defining characteristic of her work and personal identity.

University of Puerto Rico
The University of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Universidad de Puerto Rico; often shortened to UPR) is the main public university system in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It is a government-owned corporation with 11 campuses and approximately 44,200 students and approximately 4,450 faculty members. UPR has the largest and most diverse academic offerings in the commonwealth, with 472 academic programs of which 32 lead to a doctorate.
Palazzo Vecchietti
The Palazzo Vecchietti is a Renaissance architecture palace located on Via degli Strozzi number 4, near Piazza della Repubblica in the quartieri of Santa Maria Novella, city of Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.

The palace was designed for the Vechietti family by Giambologna, a mannerist sculptor and architect whom the family had lodged and patronized. All the window pediments on the first two floors are interrupted superiorly. On the South corner with Via Vecchietti a coat of arms of the family, with 5 ermines on a blue background. The family were prominent fur merchants. Below at ground level at the corner is a gargoyle or devil flag-staff. Various traditions are attached to its placement. It appears to mimic the flag carriers of an aristocratic game called the Potenze Festeggiante. The palace ground floor in 2015 has a bank, and upper stories host a boutique hotel.

Santa Maria Novella
Santa Maria Novella is a Dominican church in Florence. It is considered the most important Romano-Gothic church in Tuscany and is a World Heritage Site. Its construction started in 1290 and it took almost 200 years to be completed. It was consecreated in 1420.

Its distinctive façade has geometric patterns made from white and green marble. The Florentine Renaissance architect Leon Battista designed the upper part of the façade, finished in 1470.

Its two most famous artworks are Giotto's Crucifix, that changed the way that Christ had been represented in the cross for two centuries, and Massacio's Holy Trinity, the first monumental Renaissance painting to utilize linear perspective.

Its building and decoration was financed by rich Florentine families, several of which were granted the privilege of funerary chapels inside the church.
Newton Railroaders
The Newton Railroaders were a minor league baseball team based in Newton, Kansas between 1909 and 1924. The Railroaders played as members of the Kansas State League from 1909 to 1911, Central Kansas League in 1912 and Southwestern League in 1924, winning the 1924 league championship.

The Railroaders were preceded in minor league play by the 1888 Newton team as the team was the first professional team in Newton and played the season as members of the 1888 Western League. The 1988 team was followed in minor league play by the 1908 Newton Browns, who played as members of the Central Kansas League.

he Newton Browns and Railroaders teams hosted minor league home games at Athletic Park in Newton.

Newton, Kansas
Newton is a city in and the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 18,602.  Newton is located 25 miles (40 km) north of Wichita.  The city of North Newton. located immediately north, exists as a separate political entity.  Newton is located at the intersection of Interstate 135, U.S. Route 50, and U.S. Route 81 highways.
Langeid
Langeid is a village in Bygland municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the northern part of the municipality, along the river Otra and the Norwegian National Road 9, about halfway between the villages of Tveit (in Bygland) and Besteland (in neighboring Valle).

Besteland
Besteland is a village in Valle municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The village is located along the river Otra in the Setesdal valley, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of the village of Rysstad.  The Norwegian National Road 9 runs through the village.
2012–13 Melbourne Aces season
The 2012–13 Melbourne Aces season will be the third season for the team. As was the case for the previous season, the Aces will compete in the Australian Baseball League (ABL) with the other five foundation teams, and for the first time, the team will play its home games at the Melbourne Ballpark.

Melbourne Ballpark
The Melbourne Ballpark is a baseball park in Altona, Victoria. It was opened in January 1990, at a cost of A$3.9m, A$2m was contributed by the State Government of Victoria and the remaining A$1.8m contributed by the Australian Federal Government and was constructed by CK Designwork Architects.

The stadium has a capacity of approximately 5,000. In recent years, seats along the base lines have been removed and replaced with standing room area, reducing the venue's capacity.