hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muş
Muş (pronounced [muʃ]; Armenian: Մուշ; Kurdish: Mûş) is a city in eastern Turkey and one of the principal cities of the predominantly Kurdish-inhabited region of eastern Anatolia. It is the seat of Muş Province and Muş District. Its population is 120,699 (2022). The city is majority Kurdish.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
2018 Green Bay Blizzard season
The 2018 Green Bay Blizzard season was the team's sixteenth season as a professional indoor football franchise and ninth in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Blizzard were one of six teams that competed in the IFL for the 2018 season.

The Blizzard played their home games at the Resch Center in the Green Bay suburb of Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin. For the first five games, the team was coached by Chris Williams in his third season with the team. Williams was fired March 29 after going 0–5. Special teams and defensive coach Corey Roberson took over as the interim head coach.

2018 Indoor Football League season
The 2018 Indoor Football League season was the tenth season of the Indoor Football League (IFL). The league played with six teams, after the suspension of operations of three teams, the departure of another two teams, and the addition and subsequent suspension of two teams.

The top four teams made the IFL playoffs with the semifinals consisting of the top seed hosting the fourth seed and the second hosting the third before the winners met in the 2018 United Bowl.
Lidiya Antonova
Lidiya Nikolaevna Antonova (Russian: Лидия Николаевна Антонова; born May 15, 1950, Kraskovo, Moscow Oblast) is a Russian politician. She is a secretary of the Moscow Regional Branch of the United Russia party. She is a full member of the Russian Academy of Education, professor, member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Education and Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences. From September 18, 2016 to 2021, she has been a deputy of the State Duma of the VII convocation, a member of the United Russia faction. Member of the State Duma Committee on Education and Science.
In 1973, she graduated from the Krupskaya Moscow Regional Pedagogical Institute with a degree in English language teaching.

Moscow Oblast Duma
The Moscow Oblast Duma (Russian: Московская областная Дума) is the regional parliament of Moscow Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.

It consists of 50 deputies that, since 2011, are elected under a mixed-member proportional system, with 25 members elected in party lists and 25 elected by single-member constituencies.
2018 Grand National
The 2018 Grand National (officially known as the Randox Health 2018 Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 171st annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase was the pinnacle of  a three-day festival which commenced on 12 April 2018. The event was sponsored by Randox Health for the second time.

The race was won by 1010 10/1 shot Tiger Roll, ridden by Davy Russell, in a photo finish from Pleasant Company. All 38 runners returned to the stables, although Saint Are required veterinary attention on the course and Charlie Deutsch, riding Houblon Des Obeaux, was treated on the track after a fall leading to Becher's Brook being bypassed on the second circuit.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
Monterchi
Monterchi is a Comune (Municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Florence and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Arezzo. It sits in the northern part of Valtiberina (Tiber Valley), the valley where the Tiber river runs going from Emilia-Romagna (where it originates from the Mount Fumaiolo) towards Rome. The valley runs through Romagna, Tuscany and Umbria, parallel to the Casentino Valley.

According to census data updated on Jan. 2017, the city's population was 1,742 while the Comune covers an area of 28.7 square kilometres (11.1 sq mi).

Monterchi borders with Anghiari, Arezzo, Citerna, Città di Castello, Monte Santa Maria Tiberina.

Anghiari
Anghiari (Italian pronunciation: [aŋˈɡjaːri]) is a hill town and municipality (comune) in the Province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.

Bordering comuni include Arezzo (southwest), Pieve Santo Stefano (north) and Subbiano (west). It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
History of algebra
Algebra can essentially be considered as doing computations similar to those of arithmetic but with non-numerical mathematical objects. However, until the 19th century, algebra consisted essentially of the theory of equations. For example, the fundamental theorem of algebra belongs to the theory of equations and is not, nowadays, considered as belonging to algebra (in fact, every proof must use the completeness of the real numbers, which is not an algebraic property).

This article describes the history of the theory of equations, referred to in this article as "algebra", from the origins to the emergence of algebra as a separate area of mathematics.

Carl Benjamin Boyer
Carl Benjamin Boyer (November 3, 1906 – April 26, 1976) was an American historian of sciences, and especially mathematics. Novelist David Foster Wallace called him the "Gibbon of math history". It has been written that he was one of few historians of mathematics of his time to "keep open links with contemporary history of science."
Scottish acre
A Scottish or Scots acre (Scottish Gaelic: acair) was a land measurement used in Scotland. It was standardised in 1661. When the Weights and Measures Act 1824 was implemented the English System was standardised into the Imperial System and Imperial acres were imposed throughout the United Kingdom, including in Scotland and indeed throughout the British Empire from that point on. However, since then the metric system has come to be used in Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom..

Equivalent to:

Metric system
5,080 square metres , 0.508 hectares

Imperial system
54,760 square feet.  This is approximately 1.257 acres (English).

Square metre
The square metre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the unit of area in the International System of Units (SI) with symbol m2. It is the area of a square with sides one metre in length.

Adding and subtracting SI prefixes creates multiples and submultiples; however, as the unit is exponentiated, the quantities grow exponentially by the corresponding power of 10. For example, 1 kilometre is 103 (one thousand) times the length of 1 metre, but 1 square kilometre is (103)2 (106, one million) times the area of 1 square metre, and 1 cubic kilometre is (103)3 (109, one billion) cubic metres.

Its inverse is the reciprocal square metre (m−2), often called "per square metre".
Zara Siassi
Zara Siassi (/ˈzɛərəsiˈɑːsi/ ZAIR-uh si-AHS-ee; born January 31, 2002) is an American-British professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Sporting JAX of the USL Super League. She played college soccer for the North Florida Ospreys, where she became the program's all-time leader in appearances and starts.

United Soccer Coaches
The United Soccer Coaches (formerly known as the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA)) is an organization of American soccer coaches founded in 1941. It is the largest soccer coaches organization in the world, with more than 30,000 members. It offers training courses for both beginning and experienced coaches and a wide range of award programs. Rare among sports organizations, it serves its sport for both men/boys and women/girls. Geoff VanDuesen is the current Chief Executive Officer. The NSCAA was rebranded as United Soccer Coaches on August 2, 2017.
Sagvåg–Siggjarvåg Ferry
The Sagvåg–Siggjarvåg Ferry was an automobile ferry which connected the islands of Bømlo (in Bømlo Municipality) and Stord (in Stord Municipality). The route was operated by Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap (HSD) and ran between Siggjarvåg on Bømlo to Sagvåg on Stord. In 2000 the ferry transported 254,325 vehicles and 534,259 passengers.

The route was started by Ole Folgerø Holm and Halvard Halderaker with the ferry Peik between Sagvåg and Rubbestadneset. The following year, a stop at Siggjarvåg was included. With a new ferry, Aspøy, in 1957, the ferry could take a single car. This ferry remained in use until 1960. From 1 November 1962, the route was taken over by HSD, and the following year a new quay was built at Siggjarvåg. The last ferry to operate was MF Ølen, which had a capacity for 73 cars and 310 passengers. The ferry was terminated on 30 April 2001 with the opening of the Triangle Link.

Stord Municipality
Stord is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland. Stord  Municipality is sometimes called "Norway in miniature" since it has such a variety of landscapes: coastline, fjords, forests, agricultural land, and mountain areas. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leirvik, which is also the largest town in the municipality and the whole region of Sunnhordland. Leirvik was declared a town in 1997. Other population centres in the municipality include the large village of Sagvåg and the smaller villages of Litlabø and Grov.

The 143.72-square-kilometre (55.49 sq mi) municipality is the 317th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stord Municipality is the 70th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 19,350. The municipality's population density is 134.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (349/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Ryukyu Disposition
The Ryukyu Disposition (琉球処分, Ryūkyū shobun; Okinawan:Rūchū shubun), also called the Ryukyu Annexation (琉球併合, Ryūkyū heigō) or the annexation of Okinawa, was the political process during the early years of the Meiji period that saw the incorporation of the former Ryukyu Kingdom into the Empire of Japan as Okinawa Prefecture (i.e., one of Japan's "home" prefectures) and its decoupling from the Chinese tributary system. These processes began with the creation of the Ryukyu Domain in 1872 and culminated in the kingdom's annexation and final dissolution in 1879; immediate diplomatic fallout and consequent negotiations with Qing China, brokered by Ulysses S. Grant, effectively came to an end late the following year. The term is also sometimes used more narrowly in relation to the events and changes of 1879 alone. The Ryūkyū Disposition has been "alternatively characterized as aggression, annexation, national unification, or internal reform".

Gregory Smits
Gregory James Smits (born 1960) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japanologist. He is a professor of Japanese history at Pennsylvania State University. Many of Smits' works focuses on Ryukyuan history.
Pachandi railway station
Pachandi railway station is a railway station in Ahmadpur–Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Pachandi of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Howrah railway division
Howrah Division is the oldest operational railway division under the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Serving as a major rail hub for Eastern India, its headquarters based in Howrah, West Bengal, and has historical and strategic importance for passenger and freight transport. It is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone. In 2025, the Howrah Division marked its 100th anniversary since it was officially established as a division. It covers the area more than 400 km which includes parts of Bihar and Jharkhand also. The division manages nearly 200 stations ranging from major terminals to smaller halts.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Malda railway division are the other railway divisions under ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Brocket, Alberta
Brocket is a settlement in Peigan 147, in southern Alberta located on Highway 3 between Pincher Creek and Fort Macleod. It is the main community on the Piikani Nation reserve.

The community takes its name from Brocket Hall, in England.

In April 2010, the Buffalo Skull Lodge opened in Brocket housing Piikani Traditional Knowledge Services, which works to preserve Piikanissini, the traditional way of life of the Piikani people.

Piikani 147
Piikani 147, formerly Peigan 147, is an Indian reserve of the Piikani Nation in Alberta. It is located 61 km (38 mi) west of the City of Lethbridge. It has a land area of 426.992 km2 (164.863 sq mi), making it the fourth-largest Indian reserve in Canada, and lies at an elevation of 1,046 m (3,432 ft). The Canada 2011 Census reported a population of 1,217 inhabitants. It is bordered by the Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26 on its north and east, and by the Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9 on its west and south. The nearest outside communities are Fort Macleod and Pincher Creek.
Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition
Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition is a non-fiction book by Nisid Hajari, published in 2015 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. The book chronicles the partition of India and the riots and other violence that followed. It was the 2016 recipient of the Colby Award.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Douglas MacDiarmid
Douglas Kerr MacDiarmid (14 November 1922 – 26 August 2020) was a New Zealand expatriate painter, known for his diversity and exceptional use of colour, and involved with key movements in twentieth-century art. He lived in Paris, France, for most of his career.

Te Papa
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum and is located in Wellington.  Usually known as Te Papa (Māori for 'the treasure box'), it opened in 1998 after the merging of the National Museum of New Zealand and the National Art Gallery. An average of more than 1.1 million people visit every year, making it the 58th-most-visited art gallery in the world in 2023. Te Papa operates under a bicultural philosophy, and emphasises the living stories behind its cultural treasures.
Moeydeleh-ye Olya
Moeydeleh-ye Olya (Persian: معيدله عليا, also Romanized as Mo‘eydeleh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Mo‘edeleh-ye ‘Olyā, Mollā Dāvod, and Mollā Dāvūd) is a village in Azadeh Rural District, Moshrageh District, Ramshir County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 8 families.

Azadeh Rural District
Azadeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان آزاده) is in Moshrageh District of Ramshir County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Romeyleh-ye Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Moshrageh, now a city.
Wiesloch
Wiesloch (German: [ˈviːslɔx] ⓘ, locally [ˈvɪslɔx]; South Franconian: Wissloch) is a town in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 13 kilometres south of Heidelberg. After Weinheim and Sinsheim, it is the third largest town in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. It shares Wiesloch-Walldorf station with its neighbouring town Walldorf. Also in the vicinity of Wiesloch are Dielheim, Malsch (bei Wiesloch), Mühlhausen, Rauenberg and Sankt Leon-Rot.

Wiesloch's population grew to more than 20,000 when the administration of the area was reorganised in the 1970s. Wiesloch became a Große Kreisstadt on 1 January 1973, when Altwiesloch, Baiertal, Frauenweiler and Schatthausen were amalgamated with Wiesloch to form the present municipality.

Weinheim
Weinheim (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪnhaɪm] ⓘ; Palatine German: Woinem) is a town with about 43,000 inhabitants in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Heidelberg and 10 km (6 mi) northeast of Mannheim. Weinheim is known as the "Zwei-Burgen-Stadt", the "town of two castles", after two fortresses overlooking the town from the edge of the Odenwald in the east.
Rena Owen
Maria Makarena Owen (born 22 July 1962), known professionally as Rena Owen, is a New Zealand actress in theatre, television and film. Owen is best known for her leading role as Beth Heke in Lee Tamahori's Once Were Warriors and as Taun We in George Lucas's Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.

New Zealand film and television awards
New Zealand film and television awards have gone by many different names and have been organised by different industry groups. As of 2025, a combined New Zealand Screen Awards recognises content created for theatrical release alongside programmes produced for broadcast, streaming and digital platforms.
Porteus Maze test
The Porteus Maze test (PMT) is a psychological test. It is designed to measure psychological planning capacity and foresight. It is a nonverbal test of intelligence. It was developed by University of Hawaiʻi psychology Professor Stanley Porteus.

The test consists of a set of mazes for the subject to solve. The mazes are of varying complexity. The test runs for 15–60 minutes, allowing the subject to solve as many mazes as possible. The test serves as a supplementary subtest of the Wechsler intelligence scales.

The test is suitable for ages 3 and up. The original version was developed by Porteus when he was head teacher of the Victorian Education Department's first special school in Melbourne, Australia. Porteus developed his idea further when he migrated to Vineland, New Jersey and then Hawaii. The "Vineland Series" is an intermediate form. Additional mazes were provided in the Porteus Maze Extension and the Porteus Maze Supplement.

Maze
A maze is a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to a goal.  The word is used to refer both to branching tour puzzles through which the solver must find a route, and to simpler non-branching ("unicursal") patterns that lead unambiguously through a convoluted layout to a goal. The term "labyrinth" is generally synonymous with "maze", but can also connote specifically a unicursal pattern. The pathways and walls in a maze are typically fixed, but puzzles in which the walls and paths can change during the game are also categorised as mazes or tour puzzles.
2023 NCAA Division I women's golf championship
The 2023 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship was contested May 19–24 at Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale, Arizona. It was the 41st annual tournament to establish the national champions of the 2023 season in NCAA Division I women's collegiate golf. The tournament was hosted by the Arizona State University & The Thunderbirds. There are both team and individual championships.

It was the third consecutive year that the men's and women's Division I golf tournaments were played at the same location; the 2023 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship will be held in Scottsdale after the women's championship from May 26–31.

NCAA Division I women's golf championship
The NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship, played in the month of May, is the annual competition in women's collegiate golf for individuals and teams from universities in Division I. Golf was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year. From its inception through 2014, it was a stroke play team competition with an additional individual award. Beginning in 2015, after 72 holes of stroke play, the top eight teams play in single-elimination match play to determine the team champion.

Many individual winners have gone on to have successful careers on the LPGA Tour, including 1991 champion Annika Sörenstam and 1999 champion Grace Park.

The Division I competition started in 1982. A combined Division II and Division III championship was held from 1996 to 1999, splitting into separate championships starting in 2000.
2001 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 2001 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2001. Primaries took place on June 25. Democratic nominee Jim McGreevey won the general election with 56% of the vote against Republican Bret Schundler, becoming New Jersey's first majority-elected governor since James Florio in 1989. Democrats simultaneously ended Republican control of both houses of the legislature after 10 years. This is also the last statewide election in which Democrats won Monmouth and Ocean counties. This was the first time since 1973 that a Democrat won without carrying Cape May County.

McGreevey, who was sworn in on January 15, 2002, resigned in November 2004 after disclosing both his homosexuality and an alleged extramarital relationship with a man whom he had appointed as one of his advisors. He was succeeded by Senate President Richard Codey, who filled the remainder of McGreevey's term.

1997 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1997 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1997. In the Democratic primary, state senator and Woodbridge Township mayor Jim McGreevey defeated U.S. Representative Rob Andrews by 9,993 votes. In the general election, Republican Governor Christine Todd Whitman defeated McGreevey by 26,953 votes. Whitman won 46.87% of the vote, with McGreevey receiving 45.82% and Libertarian Murray Sabrin receiving 4.7%.
2011 Status Athens Open
The 2011 Status Athens Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Athens, Greece between 11 and 17 April 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.