hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Jakob Sulzer
Johann Jakob Sulzer (23 December 1821 – 27 June 1897) was a Swiss politician, mayor of Winterthur (1858–1873) and President of the Swiss Council of States (1876).

He was the son of Johann Jakob Sulzer Sr., founder of Sulzer (manufacturer).

Council of States (Switzerland)
The Council of States is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the other house  being the National Council. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism.

It comprises 46 members. Twenty of the country's cantons are represented by two councillors each. Six cantons, traditionally called "half cantons", are represented by one councillor each for historical reasons. These are Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden. The councillors serve for four years, and are not bound in their vote to instructions from the cantonal authorities.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
The United States House of Representative elections of 2002 in North Carolina were held on November 5, 2002, as part of the biennial elections to the United States House of Representatives.  All thirteen seats in North Carolina, and 435 nationwide, were elected.

The election saw the number of represented elected from North Carolina increase by one after the 2000 census.  The Republicans won seven seats, as in 2000, while the Democrats gained one to put them at six.

This election should not be confused with the 2002 North Carolina House of Representatives election, which was held on the same day.

2002 North Carolina House of Representatives election
The North Carolina House of Representatives election of 2002 were held on November 5, 2002, as part of the biennial election to the General Assembly.  All 120 seats in the North Carolina House of Representatives were elected.

Initially, Republicans flipped control of the chamber with a 61-59 majority. However, Republican Michael P. Decker switched parties, and tied the chamber at 60-60 until the next election, when he ran as a Republican again.
Mass media in Greece
The mass media in Greece refers to mass media outlets based in the Hellenic Republic. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The Constitution of Greece guarantees freedom of speech.

Press freedom sharply eroded in Greece during the Greek government-debt crisis, falling from the 35th place in 2009 in Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index to the 99th place in 2014, ranked below all Western Balkans countries as well as states with repressive media policies such as Gabon, Kuwait or Liberia. According to a 2015 study by Iosifidis and Boucas, Greece was the EU member state "where journalism and the media faced their most acute crisis".

Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation
The Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (Greek: Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνία Τηλεόραση A.E., romanized: Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi A.E., lit. 'Greek Radio [and] Television S.A.'), commonly shortened to ERT (Greek: ΕΡΤ), is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Greece.
To Do the Will of Our Father in Heaven
To Do the Will of Our Father in Heaven: Toward a Partnership between Jews and Christians is the Orthodox Rabbinic Statement on Christianity published by the Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation (CJCUC) in 2015. It was initially signed by over 25 prominent Orthodox rabbis in Israel, United States, and Europe, and now has over 95 signatories.

Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation
The Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation (CJCUC) is an educational institution at which Christians who tour Israel can study the Hebrew Bible with Orthodox rabbis and learn about the Hebraic roots of Christianity. The center was established in Efrat in 2008 by Rabbi Dr. Shlomo Riskin, who has been described as "the most prominent rabbinic spokesperson to Christian Zionists". CJCUC partners with major Christian interfaith organizations such as Christians United for Israel and the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem. Since Riskin's retirement as president of Ohr Torah Stone in 2018, the overseeing of all CJCUC activities has been turned over to David Nekrutman who has served as the center's chief director since its inception.
Ed Kerns
Ed Kerns (February 22, 1945 – October 20, 2025) was an American abstract artist and educator. Kerns studied with the noted Abstract-Expressionist painter Grace Hartigan and through the elder artist came to know and work with many artists of that generation including, Phillip Guston, Willem de Kooning, James Brooks, Ernest Briggs, Richard Diebenkorn and Sam Francis.

Richard Diebenkorn
Richard Diebenkorn (April 22, 1922 – March 30, 1993) was an American painter and printmaker. His early work is associated with abstract expressionism and the Bay Area Figurative Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s, he began his extensive series of geometric, lyrical abstract paintings. Known as the Ocean Park paintings, these paintings were instrumental to his achievement of worldwide acclaim. Art critic Michael Kimmelman described Diebenkorn as "one of the premier American painters of the postwar era, whose deeply lyrical abstractions evoked the shimmering light and wide-open spaces of California, where he spent virtually his entire life."
New York City Department of Sanitation
The New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY) is the department of the government of New York City responsible for garbage collection, recycling collection, street cleaning, and snow removal. The DSNY is the primary operator of the New York City waste management system.

The department's motto, "New York's Strongest", was coined by Harry Nespoli, long-time President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 831, to describe the Department of Sanitation's football team in the late 1970s to early 1980s. The section of Worth Street between Centre and Baxter Streets in Manhattan is named "Avenue of the Strongest" in their honor.

New York City Rules
The Rules of the City of New York (RCNY) contains the compiled rules and regulations (delegated legislation) of New York City government agencies. It contains approximately 6,000 rules and regulations in 71 titles, each covering a different city agency. The City Record is the official journal of New York City.
Magnon
A magnon is a quasiparticle, a collective excitation of the spin structure of an electron in a crystal lattice.  In the equivalent wave picture of quantum mechanics, a magnon can be viewed as a quantized spin wave.  Magnons carry a fixed amount of energy and lattice momentum, and are spin-1, indicating they obey boson behavior.

Antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering, just like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. In antiferromagnets the individual magnetic dipoles are oriented in a way such that the bulk of the material has a vanishing total magnetization. In the simplest model, as shown in the picture on the right, neighboring moments in an ordered lattice are oriented antiparallel to one another. Since there are multiple ways of arranging magnetic moments on a lattice (especially in three dimensions), there exist various types of antiferromagnetic ordering. The phenomenon of antiferromagnetism was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1933.

Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, but vanishes at and above the Néel temperature – named after Louis Néel, who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.
USCGC Point Jefferson
USCGC Point Jefferson (WPB-82306) was an 82-foot (25 m) Point class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1960 for use as a law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boat. Since the Coast Guard policy in 1960 was not to name cutters under 100 feet (30 m) in length, it was designated as WPB-82306 when commissioned and acquired the name Point Jefferson in January 1964 when the Coast Guard started naming all cutters longer than 65-foot (20 m) .

Point-class cutter
The Point-class cutter was a class of 82-foot patrol vessels designed to replace the United States Coast Guard's aging 83-foot wooden hull patrol boat being used at the time. The boats had a mild steel hull and an aluminum superstructure. The Coast Guard Yard discontinued building the 95-foot Cape-class cutter to have the capacity to produce the 82-foot Point-class patrol boat in 1960. They served as patrol vessels used in law enforcement and search and rescue along the coasts of the United States and the Caribbean. They also served in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. They were replaced by the 87-foot Marine Protector-class patrol boats beginning in the late 1990s.
Examination board
An examination board (or exam board) is an organization that sets examinations, is responsible for marking them, and distributes the results. Some are run by governmental entities; some are run as not-for-profit organizations.

Cambridge International Education
Cambridge International Education (abbreviated CIE, informally known as Cambridge International or simply Cambridge and formerly known as CAIE, Cambridge Assessment International Education and CIE, Cambridge International Examinations) is a provider of international qualifications, offering examinations and qualifications to 10,000 schools in more than 160 countries. It is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, a non-profit and non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge.
Hesleden, North Yorkshire
54°10′12″N 2°10′08″W﻿ / ﻿54.170°N 2.169°W﻿ / 54.170; -2.169

Hesleden is a hamlet in Littondale in the Yorkshire Dales in England.  It lies within the civil parish of Halton Gill in the county of North Yorkshire.  Nether Hesleden is 1.1 miles (1.8 km) west of Litton, and Upper Hesleden is a further 1.4 miles (2.3 km) west, on the road from Halton Gill to Stainforth.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The name is first recorded (as Eseldene) in a charter of Fountains Abbey in about 1206.  The name means "hazel valley", from the Old English hæsel and denu.

Stainforth, North Yorkshire
Stainforth is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, situated north of Settle. Nearby there is a waterfall, Stainforth Force, where the river falls over limestone ledges into a deep, broad pool which can be accessed by walking a short way from the village. There was  a Youth Hostel at Taitlands between 1942 and 2007.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Marlon Williams (New Zealand musician)
Marlon Williams (born 31 December 1990) is a New Zealand singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor based in Lyttelton, New Zealand. Primarily known as a solo artist, he first came to attention as front-man of The Unfaithful Ways, and for his collaborative work with musician Delaney Davidson. He works and tours with his backing band The Yarra Benders.

Aotearoa Music Awards
The Aotearoa Music Awards (formerly the New Zealand Music Awards, and colloquially known as The Tūīs), conferred annually by Recorded Music NZ, honour outstanding artistic and technical achievements in the recording industry. The awards are among the most significant that a group or artist can receive in New Zealand music, and have been presented annually since 1965. The awards show is presented by Recorded Music NZ. A range of award sponsors and media partners support the event each year.
2019 Women's European Volleyball League
The 2019 Women's European Volleyball League was the 11th edition of the annual Women's European Volleyball League, which features women's national volleyball teams from 20 European countries.

The tournament had two divisions: the Golden League, featuring twelve teams, and the Silver League, featuring eight teams.

It also acted as the European qualifying competition for the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Challenger Cup, securing two vacancies (Czech Republic and Croatia) for the tournament that served as the qualifying competition for the 2020 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League. Winners of Silver League, Romania, qualified for 2020 edition of the Golden European League.

2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup
The 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup was the second edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup, an annual women's international volleyball tournament contested by six national teams that acts as a qualifier for the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League. The tournament was held in Lima, Peru.

Canada won the title, defeating the Czech Republic in the final, and earned the right to participate in the 2020 Nations League replacing Bulgaria, the last placed challenger team after the 2019 edition. Argentina defeated Croatia in the 3rd place match.

On 8 May 2020, FIVB announced that the 2020 Nations League and 2020 Challenger Cup was canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic. So the tournament eventually became the 2021 Nations League qualifier.
Matthew McDaniel
Matthew Duncan McDaniel is an American indigenous rights activist from Oregon. McDaniel is a former carpenter working to improve human rights for the Akha people of Thailand and Laos. He is the founder of the Akha Heritage Foundation. He lived in Thailand from 1991 to 2004.

Extrajudicial killing
An extrajudicial killing (also known as an extrajudicial execution or an extralegal killing) is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding. It typically refers to government authorities, whether lawfully or unlawfully, targeting specific people for death, which in authoritarian regimes often involves political, trade union, dissident, religious and social figures. The term is typically used in situations that imply the human rights of the victims have been violated. Deaths caused by legal police actions (such as self defense) or legal warfighting on a battlefield are generally not included, even though military and police forces are often used for killings seen by critics as illegitimate. The label "extrajudicial killing" has also been applied to organized, lethal enforcement of extralegal social norms by non-government actors, including lynchings and honor killings.
1845 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1845, Democratic nominee Augustus Garrett defeated Whig nominee John H. Kinzie and Liberty nominee Henry Smith by a 7.5% margin.

Garrett had previously served a term as mayor.

All candidates had previously run in Chicago mayoral elections, Garrett in 1842, 1843, and both 1844 elections; Smith in 1842, 1843 and both 1844 elections; Kinzie in 1837.

Mayoral elections in Chicago
Chicago has held regularly scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Chicago currently holds regularly scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.
Slava (crater)
Slava is a tiny crater on the Moon. It is near the site where Soviet lunar rover Lunokhod 1 landed in November 1970, in the Mare Imbrium region. Its diameter is 0.1 km. The name Slava does not refer to a specific person; it is a Slavic male name, a diminutive form of Yaroslav and other names.

Slava is one of twelve named craters near the landing site, located in the northwest of Mare Imbrium

LRO image

Mare Imbrium
Mare Imbrium /ˈɪmbriəm/ (Latin imbrium, the "Sea of Showers" or "Sea of Rains") is a vast lava plain within the Imbrium Basin on the Moon and is one of the larger craters in the Solar System. The Imbrium Basin formed from the collision of a proto-planet during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Basaltic lava later flooded the giant crater to form the flat volcanic plain seen today. The basin's age has been estimated using uranium–lead dating methods to approximately 3.9 billion years ago, and the diameter of the impactor has been estimated to be 250 ± 25 km. The Moon's maria (plural of mare) have fewer features than other areas of the Moon because molten lava pooled in the craters and formed a relatively smooth surface. Mare Imbrium is not as flat as it would have originally been when it first formed as a result of later events that have altered its surface. Mare Imbrium was the location of the first robotic rover deployed on an extraterrestrial body.
Polypropylene stacking chair
The polypropylene stacking chair or polyprop is a chair manufactured in an injection moulding process using polypropylene. It was designed by Robin Day in 1963 for S. Hille & Co. It is now so iconic that it was selected as one of eight designs in a 2009 series of British stamps of "British Design Classics".

The polypropylene stacking chair is one of the very few chairs that, after over 50 years, is still in production and has been manufactured in forty countries around the world, for use in schools, hospitals, airports, canteens, restaurants, arenas, hotels, as well as homes.

Chair
A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. It may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics.

Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.
Bockstein homomorphism
In  homological algebra, the Bockstein homomorphism, introduced by Meyer Bockstein (1942, 1943, 1958), is a connecting homomorphism associated with a short exact sequence

of abelian groups, when they are introduced as coefficients into a chain complex C, and which appears in the homology groups as a homomorphism reducing degree by one,

To be more precise, C should be a complex of free, or at least torsion-free, abelian groups, and the homology is of the complexes formed by tensor product with C (some flat module condition should enter). The construction of β is by the usual argument (snake lemma).

A similar construction applies to cohomology groups, this time increasing degree by one. Thus we have

The Bockstein homomorphism  associated to the coefficient sequence

is used as one of the generators of the  Steenrod algebra. This Bockstein homomorphism has the following two properties:

,

;

in other words, it is a superderivation acting on the cohomology mod p of a space.

Snake lemma
The snake lemma is a tool used in mathematics, particularly homological algebra, to  construct long exact sequences. The snake lemma is valid in every abelian category and is a crucial tool in homological algebra and its applications, for instance in algebraic topology. Homomorphisms constructed with its help are generally called connecting homomorphisms.
Strigi
Strigi was a file indexing and file search framework (see desktop search) adopted by KDE SC. Strigi was initiated by Jos van den Oever. Strigi's goals are to be fast, use a small amount of RAM, and use flexible backends and plug-ins. A benchmark as of January 2007 showed that Strigi is faster and uses less memory than other search systems, but it lacks many of their features.  Like most desktop search systems, Strigi can extract information from files, such as the length of an audio clip, the contents of a document, or the resolution of a picture; plugins determine what filetypes it is capable of handling. Strigi uses its own Jstream system which allows for deep indexing of files. Strigi is accessible via Konqueror, or by clicking on its icon, after adding it to KDE's Kicker or GNOME Panel. (In GNOME desktop, it is called the Deskbar applet.) The graphical user interface (GUI) is named Strigiclient.

It was replaced with Recoll in KDE5 Plasma desktop environment.

Recoll
Recoll is a desktop search tool that provides full-text search in a GUI with a few mandatory external dependencies. It runs on many Unix-like operating systems and is mostly independent of the desktop environment. Recoll has been ported to OS/2, and  the OS/2-based ArcaOS.

Recoll was designed not to require a permanent daemon; on Linux systems, it can make use of inotify. Recoll updates its index at designed intervals (for example, through cronjobs), but if desired, the indexing task can run as a file-system monitoring daemon for real-time index updates.
Verpa conica
Verpa conica, commonly known as the bell morel or the early morel, is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. Sometimes mistaken for a true morel, this species is characterized by a cap resembling a thimble that is freely attached to the stipe.

Morchellaceae
The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species  distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.

Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the three genera Verpa, Morchella, and Disciotis to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae.
Government Medical College, Alibag
Government Medical College, Alibag, established in 2022, is a full-fledged tertiary Government Medical college and hospital. It is located at Alibag in Raigad district, Maharashtra. The college imparts the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Alibag town.

Alibag
Alibag, also known as Alibaug (Pronunciation: [əlibaːɡ]), is a coastal city and a municipal council in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. It is the headquarters of the Raigad district, and is south of the city of Mumbai. Alibag is part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and is situated at a distance of about 96 km from Mumbai and 143 km from Pune.

Alibag is a holy place for Padmakshi Renuka, who is also known as the goddess of Konkan.