hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EPRDF Youth League
The EPRDF Youth League (Amharic: የኢህአዴግ ወጣቶች ሊግ) was the youth wing of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). The organization was established in May 2009. The EPRDF was organized under the four member organizations of EPRDF and two administrative councils.
EPRDF was dissolved on 1 December 2019 and succeeded by the Prosperity Party.

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF; Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች አብዮታዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ግንባር, romanized: Ye’Ītiyop’iya Ḥizibochi Ābiyotawī Dīmokirasīyawī Ginibari) was an ethnic federalist political coalition in Ethiopia that existed from 1988 to 2019. It consisted of four political parties: Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP) and Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM). After leading the overthrow of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it dominated Ethiopian politics from 1991 to 2019. In November 2019, the EPRDF was dissolved, and Prime Minister and EPDRF chairman Abiy Ahmed merged three of the constituent parties (not including the TPLF) into his new Prosperity Party, which was officially founded on 1 December 2019.
Andrew Torgashev
Andrew Torgashev (born May 29, 2001) is an American figure skater. He is the 2024 Grand Prix de France bronze medalist, 2025 and 2026 U.S. national silver medalist, 2019 Asian Open Trophy silver medalist, the 2016 Tallinn Trophy bronze medalist, and the 2015 U.S. national junior champion.

He represented the United States at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is primarily indicated as a pre-operative anti-miotic (in an ophthalmic solution) as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. Side effects are analogous to those of ibuprofen.

It was derived from propionic acid by the research arm of Boots UK during the 1960s, a period which also included the discovery of ibuprofen, indometacin, diclofenac, naproxen, ketoprofen, and sulindac.: 34

It was patented in 1964 by Boots UK and approved for medical use in 1987. It was approved in the US in 1988; the first generic was approved in 1994.: 158

Phenyl alkanoic acids
Short chain ω-phenylalkanoic acids have long been known to occur in natural products. Phenylacetic, 3-phenylpropanoic and 3-phenylpropenoic (cinnamic) acids are found in propolis, mammalian exocrine secretions or plant fragrances.
During a systematic study of the lipids from seeds of the plant Araceae, the presence of 13-phenyltridecanoic acid as a major component (5-16% of total fatty acids)was discovered. Other similar compounds but with 11 and 15 carbon chain lengths and saturated or unsaturated were shown to be also present but in lower amounts. At the same time, the even carbon chain ω-phenylalkanoic acids of C10 up to C16 were discovered in halophilic bacteria.
Camp Carroll
Camp Carroll (also known as Artillery Plateau, Firebase Tan Lam and Hill 241) was a United States Marine Corps and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) artillery base during the Vietnam War.  It was located 8 km southwest of Cam Lộ, Quang Tri Province. Camp Carroll was also at the centroid of a large arc of the strategic Highway 9 corridor south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which made it a key facility.

M107 self-propelled gun
The M107 175 mm (6.9 in) self-propelled gun was used by the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps from the early 1960s to the late 1970s. It was part of a family of self-propelled artillery that included the M110. It was intended to provide long-range fire support in an air-transportable system. It was exported to several other countries including Germany, South Korea, Spain, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Turkey. The M107's combat history in U.S. service was limited to the Vietnam War; it also saw extensive combat use in Israeli service. The M107 shared many components with, and in many cases was replaced by, later versions of the M110 203 mm (8.0 in) howitzer. Although withdrawn from U.S. service in the late 1970s, it continues to see military service as of 2024.
Bismarck Tower (Freiburg im Breisgau)
The Bismarck tower in Freiburg im Breisgau belongs to a series of towers that were built in honor of Otto von Bismarck, the first German chancellor. It is located on the Schlossberg. It is 12.6 m (41 ft) tall and has a square base (5.8x5.8 m or 19x19 ft). The top of the tower can only be reached by climbing a ladder. Because of this it can not be used as an observation deck.

Schlossberg (Freiburg)
The Schlossberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlɔsbɛʁk] ⓘ, "Castle Hill") is a tree-covered hill of 456 metres (1,496 ft) located in the area of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau. It is directly to the east of Freiburg's Old Town and is part of the Black Forest. The main geological fault is at the western edge of the Schlossberg, towards the Upper Rhine Graben.
Persian (roll)
A Persian, Persian roll or Pershing is a fried sweet roll or doughnut with a spiral shape similar to a cinnamon bun. It may be covered with a sugar glaze, iced or frosted, or sprinkled with sugar or cinnamon sugar. The roll is especially popular around Thunder Bay, Ontario. Despite its name, it is unrelated to the Persian Empire.

Sweet roll
A sweet roll or sweet bun refers to any of a number of sweet, baked, yeast-leavened breakfast or dessert foods. They may contain spices, nuts, candied fruits, poppy seeds, etc., and are often glazed or topped with icing. Compared to regular bread dough, sweet roll dough generally has higher levels of sugar, fat, eggs, and yeast. They are often round, and are small enough to comprise a single serving. These differ from pastries, which are made from a paste-like batter; from cakes, which are typically unleavened or chemically leavened; and from doughnuts, which are deep fried.

Refrigerated ready-to-bake sweet roll dough is commercially available in grocery stores.

Sweet rolls are sometimes iced and/or contain a sweet filling. In some traditions, other types of fillings and decoration are used, such as cinnamon, marzipan, or candied fruit.
Onayena Constituency
Onayena Constituency is an electoral constituency in the Oshikoto Region of Namibia. The district capital is the settlement of Onayena.

The constituency's population has grown significantly over recent years, dominated by the Ovambo language speaking people and a small group of San people. It had 15,684 inhabitants in 2004 and 8,550 registered voters in 2020.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
Edward William Coon
Edward William Coon (31 July 1871 – 12 January 1934) was an American produce merchant and cheesemaker, who patented a cheese-ripening process that eschewed pasteurization, instead retaining the live bacteria to produce a cheese that was said to be more easily digested and have a more attractive flavor. His cheese-making process and name were drawn into the media spotlight in the wake of a controversy surrounding the name of the Australian Coon cheese.

Kraft Foods Inc.
Kraft Foods Inc. (/ˈkræft/) was a multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate. It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries. Twelve of its brands annually earned more than $1 billion worldwide: Cadbury, Jacobs, Kraft, LU, Maxwell House, Milka, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer, Philadelphia, Trident, and Tang.  Forty of its brands were at least a century old.

The company was headquartered in Northfield, Illinois, near Chicago.

Kraft was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22, 2008, replacing the American International Group. In August 2011, the company announced plans to split into a North American grocery products business and a faster-growing global snacks company. The snacks company, Mondelez International Inc., is recognized as the legal successor to the old Kraft Foods Inc., while the grocery company took over the Kraft Foods name, and is now a part of Kraft Heinz.
Google AdSense
Google AdSense is a program and advertising network run by Google through which website publishers in the Google Network of content sites serve text, images, video, or interactive media advertisements that are targeted to the site content and audience. These advertisements are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google. They can generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis. Google beta-tested a cost-per-action service, but discontinued it in October 2008 in favor of a DoubleClick offering (also owned by Google). In Q1 2014, Google earned US$3.4 billion ($13.6 billion annualized), or 22% of total revenue, through Google AdSense. In 2021, more than 38 million websites used AdSense. It is a participant in the AdChoices program, so AdSense ads typically include the triangle-shaped AdChoices icon. This program also operates on HTTP cookies.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Mosco convergence
In mathematical analysis, Mosco convergence is a notion of convergence for functionals that is used in nonlinear analysis and set-valued analysis. Named after the Italian mathematician Umberto Mosco, it is a particular case of Γ-convergence. Mosco convergence is sometimes phrased as “weak Γ-liminf and strong Γ-limsup” convergence since it uses both the weak and strong topologies on a topological vector space X. In finite dimensional spaces, Mosco convergence coincides with epi-convergence, while in infinite-dimensional spaces, Mosco convergence is a strictly stronger property.

Set-valued function
A set-valued function, also called a correspondence or set-valued relation, is a mathematical function that maps elements from one set, the domain of the function, to subsets of another set. Set-valued functions are used in a variety of mathematical fields, including optimization, control theory and game theory.

Set-valued functions are also known as multivalued functions in some references, but this article and the article Multivalued function follow the authors who make a distinction.
Natakapriya
Natakapriya, (pronounced nāţakapriya, meaning the one dear to theatre) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 10th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. According to the Muthuswami Dikshitar school, the 10th melakarta rāgam is called Naţābharanam.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Chybyda
The Chybyda (Russian: Чыбыда; Yakut: Чыбыыда, romanized: Çıbııda) is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is a right hand tributary of the Vilyuy, with a length of 451 kilometres (280 mi) and a drainage basin area of 9,960 square kilometres (3,850 sq mi).

The river flows across practically uninhabited territory of Vilyuysky District. Its confluence with the Vilyuy lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) upstream from Vilyuysk.

Vilyuysk
Vilyuysk (Russian: Вилюйск, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲʉjsk]; Yakut: Бүлүү, Bülüü) is a town and the administrative center of Vilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Vilyuy River (left tributary of the Lena), about 600 kilometers (370 mi) from Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,234.
Eucalyptus lesouefii
Eucalyptus lesouefii, commonly known as goldfields blackbutt, is a species of mallet or tree that is endemic to central Western Australia. It has rough, black bark on the lower trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped fruit.

Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie (/ˈkælˌɡʊːɹli/ kal-GOOR-LEE), also known as Kalgoorlie–Boulder, is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located 595 km (370 mi) east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder as the surrounding urban area includes the historic townsite of Boulder and the local government area is the City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder.

Kalgoorlie–Boulder lies on the traditional lands of the Wongatha People. The city was established in 1893 during the Western Australian gold rushes. It soon replaced Coolgardie as the largest settlement on the Eastern Goldfields. Kalgoorlie is the ultimate destination of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme and the Golden Pipeline Heritage Trail. The nearby Super Pit gold mine was Australia's largest open-cut gold mine for many years.

During August 2021, Kalgoorlie–Boulder had an estimated urban population of 29,072, a slight decline from the recent peak of 32,966 in 2013.
Engquist–Majda absorbing boundary condition
In numerical methods for partial differential equations, Engquist–Majda absorbing boundary conditions or Lindman–Engquist–Majda absorbing boundary conditions are a hierarchy of absorbing boundary conditions for the numerical solution of wave equations. Named after mathematicians Björn Engquist and Andrew Majda, they are designed to allow waves to exit a finite computational domain with minimal artificial reflection through the use of one-way wave equations, essentially making the boundaries transparent to outgoing radiation. Within the context of computational electromagnetics, they are known as Mur absorbing boundary condition after Gerrit Mur, who introduced a discretized version of the boundary conditions for finite-difference time-domain method  in 1981.

Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.
Kasper Torsting
Kasper Torsting (born September 22, 1975) is a Danish film director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, and editor. He is best known for his early works as a cinematographer and director on the documentaries Rocket Brothers, Solo,  and the cinema-portrait of fellow Danish director, Oscar winner Thomas Vinterberg and David Bowie.

Thomas Vinterberg
Thomas Vinterberg (Danish: [ˈtsʰʌmæs ˈve̝nˀtɐˌpɛɐ̯ˀ]; born 19 May 1969) is a Danish film director who, along with Lars von Trier, co-founded the Dogme 95 movement in filmmaking, which established rules for simplifying movie production. He is best known for the films The Celebration (1998), Submarino (2010), The Hunt (2012), Far from the Madding Crowd (2015), and Another Round (2020). For Another Round he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, the first Danish filmmaker nominated in the Best Director category.
Dche
Dche (Ԭ ԭ; italics: Ԭ ԭ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. The shape of the letter originated as a ligature of the Cyrillic letters De (Д д; Д д) and Che (Ч ч; Ч ч).

Dche was used in an old orthography of the Komi language.

De (Cyrillic)
De (Д д; italics: Д д or Д д; italics: Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced dental stop /d̪/, like the pronunciation of ⟨d⟩ in  "door", except closer to the teeth. De is usually Romanized using the Latin letter D.
Sebastian Mailat
Árpád Sebastian Mailat (born 12 December 1997) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga I club Botoșani.

Mailat started out as a senior at his hometown side ACS Poli Timișoara in 2016, and moved to CFR Cluj the following year. He did not impose himself in Cluj-Napoca and was loaned out several times, before signing for Botoșani upon the expiration of his contract in 2022.

Internationally, Mailat represented Romania at under-17, under-18 and under-19 levels.

2018–19 Liga I
The 2018–19 Liga I (also known as Liga 1 Betano for sponsorship reasons) was the 101st season of the Liga I, the top professional league for Romanian association football clubs. The season began on 20 July 2018 and ended on 2 June 2019, being the fourth to take place since the play-off/play-out rule has been introduced.

Dunărea Călărași and Hermannstadt joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 Liga II. CFR Cluj managed to defend the title for the first time in their history, while FCSB became the first team in the country to finish as runners-up for four consecutive seasons.
2016 Jinyuan Cup
The 2016 Jinyuan Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Zhengzhou, China, on 16–22 May 2016.

2016 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2016 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $100,000.
Crazy Handful of Nothin'
"Crazy Handful of Nothin'" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad. Written by George Mastras and directed by Bronwen Hughes, it aired on AMC in the United States on March 2, 2008. The episode introduces Tuco Salamanca, played by Raymond Cruz.

Breaking Bad season 1
The first season of the American television drama series Breaking Bad premiered on January 20, 2008 and concluded on March 9, 2008. It consisted of seven episodes, each running approximately 48 minutes in length, except the pilot episode which runs for approximately 58 minutes. AMC broadcast the first season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The first season was originally going to consist of nine episodes, but was reduced to seven by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The complete first season was released on Region 1 DVD on February 24, 2009 and Region A Blu-ray on March 16, 2010.
Yulian Rukavishnikov
Yulian Mitrofanovich Rukavishnikov (Russian: Иулиан Митрофанович Рукавишников; 29 September 1922, Moscow – 14 December 2000, Moscow) was a Russian sculptor, and a full member of the Russian Academy of Arts. He enjoyed a long and successful career spanning about 50 years with works ranging from medals to large monuments and high reliefs, yet he was mostly known for his sculptures of Vladimir Lenin, which were installed both within and outside of the Soviet Union.

Rukavishnikov's father Mitrofan, wife Angelina, son Aleksandr, and grandson Filipp, were also prominent Russian sculptors.

Keke Geladze
Ekaterine Giorgis asuli Geladze (1856/1858 – 4 June 1937) was the mother of Joseph Stalin. She was commonly known as Keke.

Born into a family of peasants outside of Gori, in modern Georgia, she married Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and had three sons; only the youngest, Ioseb, lived. Besarion left the family, leaving Geladze to raise her son. Deeply religious, she wanted Ioseb to become a priest, working as a seamstress in Gori to pay for his education. Geladze remained in Gori when Ioseb moved to the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary, and stayed there until his rise to power in the Soviet Union as Joseph Stalin. In her old age Geladze lived in Tbilisi, the capital city of Georgia; while Stalin wrote to her, he rarely visited, with the last visit in 1935. She died in 1937, and was buried in the Mtatsminda Pantheon in Tbilisi.
Torii Glacier
Torii Glacier (71°19′S 35°38′E﻿ / ﻿71.317°S 35.633°E﻿ / -71.317; 35.633) is a glacier flowing northwest between Mount Goossens and Mount Fukushima in the Queen Fabiola Mountains. Discovered on October 7, 1960, by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, under Guido Derom, who named it after Tetsuya Torii, geochemist; leader of the Japanese party that visited this area in November 1960.

Mount Goossens
Mount Goossens (71°19′S 35°44′E﻿ / ﻿71.317°S 35.733°E﻿ / -71.317; 35.733) is a largely bare rock massif, 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, standing next south of Mount Pierre in the Queen Fabiola Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered on October 7, 1960, by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, under Guido Derom, who named it for Leon Goossens, photographer of the Belgian party which made reconnoitering aircraft flights in this area.