hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Howard (died 1437)
Sir John Howard (c. 1366–1437), of Wiggenhall and East Winch, in Norfolk, England, was a landowner, soldier, courtier, administrator and politician. His grandson was John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, the great-grandfather of two queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, two of the six wives of King Henry VIII.

John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (23 April 1408 –  26 February 1462), was the son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385? – 15 February 1417), and his second wife, Alice Sergeaux (1386–1452). A Lancastrian loyalist during the latter part of his life, he was convicted of high treason and executed on Tower Hill on 26 February 1462.
Outline of lichens
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.

Lichens are composite organisms made up of multiple species. They comprise a fungal partner, one or more photosynthetic partners, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria, and, in at least 52 genera of lichens, a yeast. In American English, "lichen" is pronounced the same as the verb "liken" (/ˈlaɪkən/). In British English, both this pronunciation and one rhyming with "kitchen" (/ˈlɪtʃən/) are used.

Helocarpon
Helocarpon is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ectolechiaceae. It contains a small number of crustose species that occur mainly in cool, northern and montane environments, where they grow on soil or rock. The genus is closely related to Micarea, but differs in a suite of morphological traits and is treated as a distinct lineage in modern multilocus classifications. Species in the genus are associated with cool climates and are found mainly in arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions, where they grow on soil or rock. The genus was proposed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860, and a major molecular study published in 2026 confirmed it as a distinct lineage separate from Micarea.
Handball at the Central American and Caribbean Games
Handball has been a Central American and Caribbean Games event since 1993 in Ponce, Puerto Rico. In addition to crowning the handball champions of the Central American and Caribbean Games, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Pan American Games.

Central American and Caribbean Games
The Central American and Caribbean Games (CAC or CACGs) are a multi-sport regional championship event, held quadrennial (once every four years), typically in the middle (even) year between Summer Olympics. The games are for 32 countries and five territories in Central America, the Caribbean (Caribbean Countries), Mexico, and the South American Caribbean countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The games are overseen by Centro Caribe Sports (formerly CACSO). They are designed to provide a step between sub-CACG-region Games held the first year following a Summer Olympics (e.g. Central American Games) and the Continental Championships, the Pan American Games, held the year before the Summer Olympics.

The last Games were held in San Salvador between 23 June to 8 July 2023. The next Games will be held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic as main host in 2026.
Bermudian pound
The pound was the currency of Bermuda until 1970. It was equivalent to sterling, alongside which it circulated, and was similarly divided into 20 shillings each of 12 pence. Bermuda decimalised in 1970, replacing the pound with the Bermudian dollar at a rate of $1 = 8s.4d. (i.e., $1 = 100d), equal to the US dollar.

Doubloon
The doubloon (from Spanish doblón, or "double", i.e. double escudo) was a two-escudo gold coin worth approximately four Spanish dollars or 32 reales, and weighing 6.766 grams (0.218 troy ounce) of 22-karat gold (or 0.917 fine; hence 6.2 g fine gold). Doubloons were minted in Spain and the viceroyalties of New Spain, Peru, and New Granada (modern-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela). As the Spanish escudo (3.1 g fine gold) succeeded the heavier gold excelente (or ducado, ducat, 3.48 g) as the standard Spanish gold coin, the doubloon therefore succeeded the doble excelente or double-ducat denomination.

In modern times, the doubloon is remembered due in large part to the influence of historical fiction about piracy, in which gold coins were prime booty.
Yang Ya-che
Yang Ya-che (Chinese: 楊雅喆; pinyin: Yáng Yǎché; born 17 July 1971) is a Taiwanese film and television director and screenwriter. He was nominated for the Taipei Golden Horse Awards for Best Director two times, for Girlfriend, Boyfriend (女朋友·男朋友) in 2012 and The Bold, the Corrupt, and the Beautiful (血觀音) in 2017.

Blue Gate Crossing
Blue Gate Crossing (Chinese: 藍色大門; pinyin: lánsè dà mén) is a 2002 Taiwanese film directed and written by Yee Chih-yen. It was screened at the Director's Fortnight section of the 2002 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for Best Asian Film at the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards held in 2004. The film grossed over five million New Taiwan Dollars at the box office in Taiwan, which was a rare achievement for a Taiwanese film in the 2000s.
Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3
Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), also known as p-70, is a viral nonstructural protein that is the 70 kDa cleavage product of the hepatitis C virus polyprotein. It acts as a serine protease.  The C-terminal two-thirds of the protein also acts as a helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase.  The first (N-terminal) 180 amino acids of NS3 have an additional role as cofactor domains for the NS2 protein.

Viral nonstructural protein
In virology, a nonstructural protein is a protein encoded by a virus but that is not part of the viral particle. They typically include the various enzymes and transcription factors the virus uses to replicate itself, such as a viral protease (3CL/nsp5, etc.), an RNA replicase or other template-directed polymerases, and some means to control the host.
Fendorf Glacier
Fendorf Glacier (79°30′S 84°49′W﻿ / ﻿79.500°S 84.817°W﻿ / -79.500; -84.817) is a broad glacier draining from the eastern slopes of the Gifford Peaks and flowing north to merge with Dobbratz Glacier, in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Commander James E. Fendorf, U.S. Navy, a pilot with Squadron VX-6 during Operation Deep Freeze 1966.

Dobbratz Glacier
Dobbratz Glacier (79°24′S 85°5′W﻿ / ﻿79.400°S 85.083°W﻿ / -79.400; -85.083) is a broad tributary glacier which drains the south part of the White Escarpment and flows northeast between the Watlack Hills and the Webers Peaks into Splettstoesser Glacier, in the Heritage Range. It was named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party, 1963–64, for Major Joseph Dobbratz, a United States Marine Corps pilot who supported the party.
Shirley Mallmann
Shirley Patricia Mallmann (born February 15, 1977) is a Brazilian model. She is considered the first Brazilian top model and is best known for her work with Jean Paul Gaultier, who immortalized her silhouette in his first perfume, "Classique" in a 2002 ad. Known for her unique runway walk, Mallmann was also featured on multiple covers of Vogue, Elle, Marie Claire, Cosmopolitan among others worldwide. She was also named celebrity of the year by E! Entertainment in 1999.

Blufin
44°47′23.4″N 10°52′44.4″E﻿ / ﻿44.789833°N 10.879000°E﻿ / 44.789833; 10.879000

Blufin S.p.A. is an Italian fashion house founded by Anna Molinari and her late husband Gianpaolo Tarabini. The core brand is Blumarine, which they started in 1977, followed by Miss Blumarine (1987, 8- to 14-year-old girls), Blugirl (1995, for teenagers) and Anna Molinari (1995), which is being repositioned as their luxury brand.
Central High School (Memphis, Tennessee)
Central High School is a public high school (grades 9-12) in Memphis, Tennessee, United States.  Founded in the early 1900s, it is popularly considered the first high school in Memphis. This, however, is not accurate; in fact, 3 High Schools in Memphis were established before Central:  Booker T Washington in 1873 (with the same colors and mascot), Manassas HS in 1899, and Melrose in 1894.

Central is often called "THE" High School. It is a part of the Memphis-Shelby County School system where it is recognized as a school specializing in college preparatory programs. The principal is Amy Epps. Central's mascot is the Warrior (formerly the Thunderbird) and the school colors are green and gold. For recognition as the successor to Memphis High School, the first high school for whites in Memphis, Central High's football team, rather than having artwork denoting the "Warrior" mascot, simply has a capital "H", for THE High School

Manassas High School
Manassas High School is a public high school in Memphis, Tennessee. As of 2022, the school had about 420 students of which 96 percent of whom were black. It was established in 1900 as a segregated Black school. In the 1920s, it was one of two high schools in Memphis for African American students. The high school has produced several prominent jazz musicians.
Erich Köhler
Erich Köhler (June 27, 1892 – October 23, 1958) was a German politician. He was the first president of the Bundestag from 7 September 1949 to 18 October 1950.

Köhler co-founded the Christian Democratic Union (Germany) in 1945. He was elected as a member of the first German Bundestag for Wiesbaden's constituency in 1949.

President of the Bundestag
The president of the Bundestag (German: Präsidentin des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagspräsidentin; Präsident when the office is held by a man) presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker in other countries. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the president and before the chancellor.

The current office-holder is Julia Klöckner (CDU), who was elected during the first session of the 21st Bundestag on 25 March 2025.
1927 Connacht Senior Football Championship
The 1927 Connacht Senior Football Championship the installment of the annual Connacht Senior Football Championship held under the auspices of Connacht GAA.

The winning team qualified for the 1927 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.

Leitrim won their first title and their last until 1994.

Connacht Senior Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Football Championship, known simply as the Connacht Championship and shortened to Connacht SFC, is an annual Gaelic football competition for the senior county teams of Connacht GAA. All of the county teams of Connacht participate in the championship, as well as London and New York. The winning team receives the Nestor Cup.

The Connacht SFC is run on a knock-out basis through which teams are eliminated from the competition. A series of games are played during the summer months and the final is played in June or July. The winner and runner-up progresses directly to the All-Ireland SFC Group Stage. Before 2020, all losing teams progressed to the All-Ireland SFC Qualifiers, while, prior to 2001, the All-Ireland SFC was a straight knock-out format, which meant all losing teams were eliminated after a single defeat.

Galway are the four-time title holder, having defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 1–15 in the 2025 final
Comité de libération du cinéma français
Comité de libération du cinéma français was an organization of filmmakers in France created in 1943. The most well-known members are Jacques Becker, Pierre Blanchar, Louis Daquin, Jean Painlevé, and Jean-Paul Le Chanois. Members of this organization made projects for French cinema for after the War. During the German occupation of France in World War II they made films about the Maquis, such as one showing a Maquis camp in Vercors. During the uprising in Paris, they filmed the documentary Journal de la Résistance: La Libération de Paris, (directed by André Zwoboda). Parts of this movie were used in the newsreel France Libre Actualités.

The group also created its own underground film journal called L’Ecran français in 1943. After the war, the publication became a place where film critics could debate each other, such as the iconic argument over Citizen Kane between Andre Bazin and Jean-Paul Sartre. The publication ended in 1953.

Maquis (World War II)
The Maquis (French pronunciation: [maki] ⓘ) were rural guerrilla bands of French and Belgian Resistance fighters, called maquisards, during World War II. Initially, they were composed of young, mostly working-class men who had escaped into the mountains and forests to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire (STO; 'Compulsory Work Service') which provided forced labor for Germany. To avoid capture and deportation to Germany, they became increasingly organized into active resistance groups.

They had an estimated 25,000 to 40,000 members in autumn of 1943 and approximately 100,000 members in June 1944.
Pippa Cleary
Pippa Cleary is an English musical theatre composer and lyricist. She is best known for her collaborations with Jake Brunger and Rob Madge. Pippa is the first female composer with three West End shows.

The Other Palace
The Other Palace is a theatre in London's Off West End which opened on 18 September 2012 as the St. James Theatre. It features a 312-seat main theatre and a 120-seat studio theatre. It was built on the site of the former Westminster Theatre, which was damaged by a fire in 2002 and subsequently demolished. It was owned by Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Theatres Group from 2016 to 2021, which gave it its current name.
Equestrian LRT station
Equestrian Station is a light rail station of the Jakarta LRT Line 1, located at Kayu Putih, Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta. The station is one of the six stations of the first phase of Jakarta LRT Line 1 which opened on 1 December 2019.

The station is located near Jakarta International Equestrian Park, hence the name.

Jakarta International Equestrian Park
Jakarta International Equestrian Park or JIEP (Indonesian: Pacuan Kuda Pulomas) is an equestrian sport venue located at Kayu Putih, Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the largest equestrian club in Southeast Asia. The arena was inaugurated on 2 August 2018 to replace the original venue from 1971, and was used as a venue for the 2018 Asian Games.

It has a land area of 35-hectares with a main four-story pavilion of 1500 seating capacity, two-storied 156 capacity horse stables, athletes lodging, an animal hospital, and training places. The park is disable friendly, which has secured international certification from World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in Paris and from the European Union. After the 2018 Asian Games, JIEP also used for other events, such as conferences, weddings or even music concerts and art exhibitions.
Anchorage Island (Nunavut)
Anchorage Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Crowell Island, Dog Island, Kungo Island, Luella Island, and Metela Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Lincoln City, Indiana
Lincoln City is an unincorporated community in Carter Township, Spencer County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Indiana.  It lies five minutes south of Interstate 64, northeast of Evansville, and approximately twenty miles north of the Ohio River.

Lincoln family
The Lincoln family is an American family of English origins. It includes the fourth United States Attorney General, Levi Lincoln Sr., governors Levi Lincoln Jr. (of Massachusetts) and Enoch Lincoln (of Maine), and Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States.

There were ten known descendants of Abraham Lincoln. The president's branch of the family is believed to have been extinct since its last undisputed, legal and known descendant, Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, died on December 24, 1985, without any acknowledged children.
Singitic Gulf
The Singitic Gulf (Greek: Σιγγιτικός Κόλπος, romanized: Singitikos Kolpos), also known as the Mount Athos Gulf or the Holy Mountain Gulf (Greek: Κόλπος Αγίου Όρους, romanized: Kolpos Agiou Oros) is a gulf of the Thracian Sea, part of the northern Aegean Sea, in Chalkidiki, Greece. It is bounded by Sithonia in the west, and Mount Athos in the east. The island of Ammouliani sits in the northeastern portion of the gulf along Mount Athos. Many of the monasteries of Mount Athos lie along the shore of the Singitic Gulf.

Ammouliani
Ammouliani (Greek: Αμμουλιανή [amuʎaˈni], Ammoulianí), also known as Amoliani, is an island located in the Chalkidiki regional unit, Greece, 120 km (75 mi) from Thessaloniki. Administratively it is part of the municipal unit of Stagira-Akanthos.
Genome evolution
Genome evolution is the process by which a genome changes in structure (sequence) or size over time. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields such as structural analysis of the genome, the study of genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polyploidy, and comparative genomics. Genome evolution is a constantly changing and evolving field due to the steadily growing number of sequenced genomes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, available to the scientific community and the public at large.

Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are covalently joined to one another as part of generating the mature RNA. Just as the entire set of genes for a species constitutes the genome, the entire set of exons constitutes the exome.
Tufsingdalen Church
Tufsingdalen Church (Norwegian: Tufsingdalen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Os Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Tufsingdal. It is one of the churches for the Narbuvoll parish which is part of the Nord-Østerdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1920 using plans drawn up by the architect Peder Sæther. The church seats about 120 people.

Os Municipality (Innlandet)
Os is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Os i Østerdalen. Other villages in the municipality include Dalsbygda, Narbuvoll, and Tufsingdalen.

The 1,040-square-kilometre (400 sq mi) municipality is the 110th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Os Municipality is the 289th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,895. The municipality's population density is 1.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Miscegenation
Miscegenation is the genetic admixture that occurs among peoples of different races and among peoples of different ethnic groups. Historically, miscegenation has been socially controversial and subject to legal proscription in racist societies and in racialist societies that enforce racial segregation, hierarchical systems of racial caste, and a culture of social conservatism. In contemporary English usage, the synonyms for miscegenation include the words interethnic, mixed-race, multiethnic, multiracial, and interracial.

Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.
Year of Sorrow
In the Islamic tradition, the Year of Sorrow (Arabic: عام الحزن, romanized: ‘Ām al-Ḥuzn, also translated  Year of Sadness) is the 10th year of prophethood in which Muhammad's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died. The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad's first revelation.

After the death of Abu Talib, Muhammad became vulnerable due to the loss of clan protection given by Abu Talib (who was also the chief of Banu Hashim). He began to be the target of physical attacks by his Meccan opponents. He visited Ta'if to look for help and invite the inhabitants to Islam, but was rejected. On the way back to Mecca, he petitioned several prominent Meccans to ask for protection. Chief Mut'im ibn 'Adi, from the Banu Nawfal clan, acceded to his request, escorted Muhammad into the city and announced the clan's protection of Muhammad .

Muhammad's first revelation
In Islam, the exact date of Muhammad's first revelation is disputed, but it is generally believed by Muslims to have occurred in 610. According to Islam, during this time, Muhammad sought solitude after repeatedly experiencing an angel of light in which he was told of his upcoming responsibility as a messenger of God, prompting him to retreat to Jabal al-Nour near Mecca, where, while isolating at the Cave of Hira, he was visited by the angel Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would become known as the Quran. Thus, at the age of 40, Muhammad's religious career as the "Seal of the Prophets" had begun.
1990 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1990 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 3 August 1990 at O'Moore Park in Portlaoise, between Kilkenny and Tipperary, in what was their first meeting in a final since 1988. Kilkenny won the match by 4-21 to 2-11 to claim their eighth championship title overall and a first title since 1988.

1989 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 68th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 21 July 1989 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Tipperary and Galway, in what was their first meeting in a final since 1926. Tipperary won the match by 0–12 to 0–08 to claim their eighth championship title overall and a first title since 1953.