hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barnette–Bosák–Lederberg graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Barnette–Bosák–Lederberg graph is a cubic (that is, 3-regular) polyhedral graph with no Hamiltonian cycle, the smallest such graph possible. It was discovered in the mid-1960s by Joshua Lederberg, David Barnette, and Juraj Bosák, after whom it is named. It has 38 vertices and 57 edges.

Other larger non-Hamiltonian cubic polyhedral graphs include the 46-vertex Tutte graph and a 44-vertex graph found by Emanuels Grīnbergs using Grinberg's theorem.
The Barnette–Bosák–Lederberg graph has a similar construction to the Tutte graph but is composed of two Tutte fragments, connected through a pentagonal prism, instead of three connected through a tetrahedron.
Without the constraint of having exactly three edges at every vertex, much smaller non-Hamiltonian polyhedral graphs are possible, including the Goldner–Harary graph and the Herschel graph.

Cubic graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a  cubic graph is a graph in which all vertices have degree three. In other words, a cubic graph is a 3-regular graph. Cubic graphs are also called trivalent graphs.

A bicubic graph is a cubic bipartite graph.
2016 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
The 17th Ibero-American Championships in Athletics were held at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between May 14-16, 2016. Since the event served also as the athletics event test for the 2016 Summer Olympics, countries that do not compete at Ibero-American Championships attended the event, including United States, Saudi Arabia and Australia. However, medals won by those athletes did not count toward the total medal tally.

A total of 44 events were contested, 22 by men and 22 by women.

Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
The Ibero-American Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Iberoamericano de Atletismo) is a biennial athletics competition for athletes representing Ibero-American countries as well as a number of other Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa. The competition is organised by the Asociación Iberoamericana de Atletismo (Ibero-American Athletics Association).

The idea of such a competition first came about in 1982 when the Asociación Iberoamericana de Atletismo (AIA) was officially formed in Madrid with 22 countries as signatories. Following official sanctioning by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the AIA established the Ibero-American Championships which first took place in Barcelona, Spain in 1983.
History of Toledo, Spain
Toledo is the repository of more than 2000 years of history. Successively a Roman municipium, the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, a major city in Al-Andalus and the Kingdom of Castile. Its many works of art and architecture are the product of three major religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri
Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri (Arabic: يوسف بن عبد الرحمن الفهري) was an Umayyad governor of Narbonne in Septimania and the governor of al-Andalus from 747 to 750, ruling independently following the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750. He was a descendant of Uqba ibn Nafi, the founder of Kairouan.
2009 San Marino CEPU Open
The 2009 San Marino CEPU Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the twenty-first edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in City of San Marino, San Marino between 3 and 9 August 2009.

San Marino Open (tennis)
The Internazionali di Tennis San Marino Open (formerly known as the San Marino CEPU Open and San Marino GO&FUN Open) is a professional tennis tournament played on red clay. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and has been held annually in San Marino since 1988 (as a Challenger in 1988, as a Grand Prix Regular Series tournament in 1989, as an ATP World Series tournament from 1990 to 1999, as an ATP International Series tournament in 2000, and as a Challenger again from 2001 until 2014, returned in 2021). For the first three years it was held at Centro Sportivo Serravalle before moving to its current home in 1991, the Centro Tennis Cassa di Risparmio di Fonte dell'Ovo in the City of San Marino.
Westby, Lincolnshire
Westby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Bitchfield and Bassingthorpe, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east from the town of Grantham.

Westby is considered a shrunken medieval village  and at the time of Domesday Book of 1086 it consisted of eleven households.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
Estonian Canadians
Estonian Canadians (Estonian: Kanada eestlased) are Canadian citizens or residents of Estonian descent or Estonian-born people who reside in Canada. Currently 24,530 people of Estonian descent live in Canada.(according to some sources up to 50,000 people).

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, about 17,000 arrived in Canada. The city with the largest population of Estonians outside Estonia is Toronto. The first Estonian World Festival was held in Toronto in 1972.

Some notable Estonian Canadians and Canadians with Estonian ethnicity include Kalle Lasn, Alison Pill, Uno Prii, Elmar Tampõld, Endel Tulving, and Andreas Vaikla.

Andreas Vaikla
Andreas Raido Karuks Vaikla (born 19 February 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scrosoppi FC in League1 Ontario. Born in Canada, he represented Estonia at international level.
Metronet (Western Australia)
Metronet (styled METRONET) is a multi-government agency in Western Australia. It is responsible for managing extensions to Perth's rail network. It was formed to deliver commitments made by the McGowan Government during the 2017 election campaign.

McGowan ministry
The McGowan ministry was the 36th and 37th ministry of the Government of Western Australia. Led by the Premier Mark McGowan and Deputy Premier Roger Cook, it succeeded the Barnett ministry following the 2017 election.

Governor Kerry Sanderson designated 17 principal executive offices of the Government under section 43(2) of the Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899.
New Birmingham
New Birmingham (known locally as Brimigim or Glengoole, Irish: Gleann an Ghuail) is a small village of approximately 20 houses, in the civil parish of Kilcooly, and the Catholic parish of Gortnahoe and Glengoole, in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located approximately 15 kilometres from Thurles and also on the R689 regional road between Urlingford and Fethard. It is within the townland of Glengoole (from Irish Gleann an Ghuail, meaning 'glen of the coal'), and is in the barony of Slievardagh.

Thurles
Thurles (/ˈtɜːrləs/; Durlas Éile) is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of the same name in the barony of Eliogarty and in the ecclesiastical parish of Thurles. The cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly is located in the town.

The birthplace of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), Thurles is the third largest town in the county, with a population of 8,185 at the 2022 census.
Robert Heaton
Robert Charles Heaton (6 July 1961 – 4 November 2004) was an English musician best known as the  drummer for the rock band New Model Army. Besides being the drummer for the band Heaton was also responsible for much of the band's songwriting, contributing particularly heavily towards the musical content of the album Thunder and Consolation (1989). He was probably the first person to play a synchronous drum and harmonica solo, doing so in the song "Shot 18" on the No Rest for The Wicked tour.

Although Heaton was the fourth drummer in New Model Army he was the first to tour and record, featuring on all albums from the band's first, Vengeance, released in 1984, until their seventh, Strange Brotherhood, released in 1998, shortly before his departure due to health-related reasons. Heaton also drummed for Hawkwind for a brief period in the 1980s, featuring on The Earth Ritual Preview which was recorded in late 1983 and released in 1984.

Road crew
The road crew (also known as roadies) are the support personnel who travel with an artist or band on tour, usually in sleeper buses, and handle every part of the concert productions except actually performing the music with the musicians. This catch-all term covers many people: tour managers, production managers, stage managers, front of house and monitor engineers, lighting directors, lighting designers, lighting techs, guitar techs, bass techs, drum techs, keyboard techs, pyrotechnicians, security/bodyguards, truck drivers, merchandise crew, and caterers, among others.
C. Walter Hodges
Cyril Walter Hodges (18 March 1909 – 26 November 2004) was an English artist and writer best known for illustrating children's books and for helping to recreate Elizabethan theatre. He won the annual Greenaway Medal for British children's book illustration in 1964.

Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the  London theatre closures of 1642. As well as plays by Shakespeare, early works by Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker and John Fletcher were first performed here.

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre.
United States Court House (El Paso)
The El Paso U.S. Courthouse, also known as El Paso Federal Building or the U.S. Court House, is a historic building in El Paso, Texas.  It is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.  The building was completed in 1936 and served historically as a courthouse and as a government office building. It is located at 511 East San Antonio Avenue. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

United States District Court for the Western District of Texas
The United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (in case citations, W.D. Tex.) is a federal district court. The court convenes in San Antonio with divisions in Austin, Del Rio, El Paso, Midland, Pecos, and Waco. It has jurisdiction in over 50 Trans-Pecos, Permian Basin, and Hill Country counties of the U.S. state of Texas. This district covers over 92,000 square miles (240,000 km2) and seven divisions.

Along with the District of New Mexico, Southern District of Texas, and District of Arizona, it is one of the busiest district courts in terms of criminal felony filings.
Kachhauna Patseni
Kachhauna Patseni is a town and a nagar panchayat in Sandila tehsil of Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was first upgraded to urban status for the 1981 census. As of 2011, its population is 15,647, in 2,772 households. The Kachhauna community development block encompasses the rural areas surrounding the town.

Sandila
Sandila  is a town and nagar palika parishad in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves as a tehsil headquarters within the district. Located midway between Hardoi and Lucknow, Sandila is a well-connected town with roads leading in all directions and a major broad gauge rail line passing through the south side of town. According to legend, Sandila was the Tapobhumi of the Vedic sage Shandilya. The Shandilya Ashram was located at the temple of Goddess Shitala in western side of the town.

Important industries include sweets — its laddus are especially well-known — as well as beedi production and zardozi work. Sandila Industrial Area have many big industries like Pepsi, British Paints, Berger Paints, Webley & Scott, ITC Limited, Haldiram's.

Sandila is the oldest municipality in Hardoi district, established on 14 July 1868. As of 2011, its population is 58,346, in 9,663 households.
Terbium(III) oxalate
Terbium(III) oxalate is the oxalate of terbium with the chemical formula Tb2(C2O4)3. Its decahydrate can be obtained by reacting terbium(III) chloride and oxalic acid in an aqueous solution. Its decahydrate gradually loses water when heated and becomes anhydrous. Continued heating obtains terbium(III,IV) oxide. It decomposes in isolation from air to form terbium(III) oxide. The decomposed gas products are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to obtain H[Tb(C2O4)2]·6H2O.

Terbium(III) oxide
Terbium(III) oxide, also known as terbium sesquioxide, is a sesquioxide of the rare earth metal terbium, having chemical formula Tb2O3. It is a p-type semiconductor, which conducts protons, which is enhanced when doped with calcium. It may be prepared by the reduction of Tb4O7 in hydrogen at 1300 °C for 24 hours.

Tb4O7 + H2  →  2 Tb2O3 + H2O

It is a basic oxide and easily dissolved to dilute acids, and then almost colourless terbium salt is formed.

Tb2O3 + 6 H+ → 2 Tb3+ + 3 H2O

The crystal structure is cubic and the lattice constant is a = 1057 pm.
2013 Nature's Way Sydney Tennis International
The 2013 Nature's Way Sydney Tennis International was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Sydney, Australia, between 25 February and 3 March 2013.

2013 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2013 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2013 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Ceren Demirçelen
Ceren Demirçelen (born February 23, 1992) is a Turkish women's handballer, who plays in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for Kastamonu Bld. GSK, and the Turkey national team. The 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)-tall sportswoman is line player.

Handball at the 2025 Islamic Solidarity Games
Handball at the 2025 Islamic Solidarity Games was held at the Green Hall in the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee Complex, Riyadh, from 13 to 21 November 2025. In this event, a total of eight teams are set to participate in both the men's and women's competitions.
Artemon of Cassandreia
Artemon (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτέμων) of Cassandreia  was an ancient Macedonian grammarian, who seems to have lived after 316 BCE.

He is mentioned by Athenaeus as the author of the following works:

1. Περὶ συναγωγῆς (or, according to others, ἀναγωγῆς) Βιβλίων, which would either be on collecting books, or on assigning books to their proper authors.

2. Περὶ Βιβλίων χρήσεως, or Περὶ χρήσεως τῶν περὶ τὰς συνουσίας ᾀδομένων.

He is perhaps the same as the author of a work περὶ Διονυσιακοῦ συστήματος, also quoted by Athenaeus, without any distinguishing epithet.

There is also a work on painters (περὶ ζωγράφων) which is ascribed to an Artemon, who may be the same author. The classical scholar Johann Albert Fabricius was inclined to believe that Artemon of Cassandreia is the one of whom Demetrius speaks as the person who collected letters of Aristotle.

Athenaeus
Athenaeus of Naucratis (/ˌæθəˈniːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀθήναιος ὁ Nαυκρατίτης or Nαυκράτιος, Athēnaios Naukratitēs or Naukratios; Latin: Athenaeus Naucratita) was an ancient Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The Suda says only that he lived in the times of Marcus Aurelius, but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus, who died in 192, implies that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of Adrantus.

Athenaeus himself states that he was the author of a treatise on the thratta, a type of fish mentioned by Archippus and other comic poets, and of a history of the Syrian kings. Both works are lost. Of his works, only the fifteen-volume Deipnosophistae mostly survives.
Theophilus ben Ananus
Theophilus (Hebrew: תפלוס בר חנן) was the High Priest in the Second Temple in Jerusalem from 37 to 41 CE.

Theophilus was a member of one of the wealthiest and most influential Jewish families in Iudaea Province during the 1st century: he was the son of Ananus (Hebrew: חנן) and the brother of Eleazar, Jonathan, Matthias and Ananus, all of whom served as High Priests. He was also the brother-in-law of Joseph Caiaphas, the High Priest before whom Jesus of Nazareth appeared.  In addition, his son Matthias served as the next to the last High Priest before the destruction of the Temple by the Romans.

Mattathias ben Theophilus
Mattathias ben Theophilus (Hebrew: מתתיהו בן תאופילוס; died c. 66 CE) was the Jewish High Priest (Kohen Gadol)
 at the start of the Jewish Revolution, and was overthrown by Revolutionary forces.

A minority of scholars believe him to be the same as the Theophilus mentioned in the New Testament books of Luke 1:3 and Acts 1:1.   One author argues that Mattathias ben Theophilus was the father of Josephus.
2013–14 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2013–14 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-ninth since its establishment. The league is the uppermost in San Marino, in which the country's top 15 amateur football clubs play. The season began on 13 September 2013 and ended with the play-off final on 27 May 2014.

AC Libertas
Associazione Calcio Libertas is a Sanmarinese football club, based in Borgo Maggiore. The club was founded in 1928. Libertas currently plays in Girone B of Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colors are red and white.
Libertas is the oldest football club in San Marino.
The team qualified for the UEFA Cup Preliminary phase in 2007. However, they lost by a 1–4 aggregate to Drogheda United from Ireland in the next round.
2014 Challenger Banque Nationale de Rimouski – Doubles
Sam Groth and John-Patrick Smith were the defending champion, but they did not play together. Sam Groth played alongside Chris Guccione and lost in the quarterfinals to Ehward Corrie and Daniel Smethurst. John-Patrick Smith decided not to compete this tournament.

Edward Corrie and Daniel Smethurst won the title, defeating Germain Gigounon and Olivier Rochus in the final, 6–2, 6–1.

Sam Groth
Samuel Groth (born 19 October 1987) is an Australian politician and professional tennis player. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Nepean in 2022 representing the Victorian Liberal Party until his retirement from Parliament in February 2026, causing a by-election.

His highest ATP singles ranking was World No. 53, which he reached in August 2015. His career high in doubles was World No. 24, reached in February 2015. Groth's best singles result was a semi-final appearance at the 2014 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships.

He holds the record for the world's fastest serve at 263 km/h (163.4 mph), which he hit in 2012 at the ATP Challenger in Busan.

Prior to his political career, he worked for the Nine Network's tennis broadcasts, and as a host on Postcards.
Kac's lemma
In ergodic theory, Kac's lemma, demonstrated by mathematician Mark Kac in 1947, is a lemma stating that in a finite measure space the orbit of almost all the points contained in a set  of such space, whose measure is , return to  within an average time inversely proportional to .

The lemma extends what is stated by Poincaré recurrence theorem, in which it is shown that the points return in  infinite times.

Poincaré recurrence theorem
In mathematics and physics, the Poincaré recurrence theorem states that certain dynamical systems will, after a sufficiently long but finite time, return to a state arbitrarily close to (for continuous state systems), or exactly the same as (for discrete state systems), their initial state.

The Poincaré recurrence time is the length of time elapsed until the recurrence. This time may vary greatly depending on the exact initial state and required degree of closeness. The result applies to isolated mechanical systems subject to some constraints, e.g., all particles must be bound to a finite volume. The theorem is commonly discussed in the context of ergodic theory, dynamical systems and statistical mechanics. Systems to which the Poincaré recurrence theorem applies are called conservative systems.

The theorem is named after Henri Poincaré, who discussed it in 1890. A proof was presented by Constantin Carathéodory using measure theory in 1919.
Floods in the United States (2000–present)
Floods in the United States (2000–present) is a list of flood events which were of significant impact to the country during the 21st century, since 2000. Floods are generally caused by excessive rainfall, excessive snowmelt, storm surge from hurricanes, and dam failure.

Flash flood
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice and snow. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having a timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding.

Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes, or hurricanes. They can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and destroy vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions.
Palazzo di Sangro
Palazzo di Sangro, also known as either Palazzo de Sangro di Sansevero or Palazzo Sansevero, is a late-Renaissance-style aristocratic palace facing the church of San Domenico Maggiore, separated by the via named after the church, in the city center of Naples, Italy. Part of the palace facade faces the piazza in front of the church, which is also bordered to the south by the Palazzo di Sangro di Casacalenda.

Palazzo di Sangro di Casacalenda, Naples
The Palazzo di Sangro di Casacalenda is an 18th-century aristocratic palace located across a piazza from the church of San Domenico Maggiore in central Naples, region of Campania, Italy. The East flank of the facade faces the facade of the church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo.