hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Singular submodule
In the branches of abstract algebra known as ring theory and module theory, each right (resp. left) R-module M has a singular submodule consisting of elements whose annihilators are essential right (resp. left) ideals in R.  In set notation it is usually denoted as .  For general rings,  is a good generalization of the torsion submodule tors(M) which is most often defined for domains.  In the case that R is a commutative domain, .

If R is any ring,  is defined considering R as a right module, and in this case  is a two-sided ideal of R called the right singular ideal of R. The left handed analogue  is defined similarly.  It is possible for .

Baer ring
In abstract algebra and functional analysis,  Baer rings, Baer *-rings, Rickart rings, Rickart *-rings, and AW*-algebras are various attempts to give an algebraic analogue of von Neumann algebras, using axioms about annihilators of various sets.

Any von Neumann algebra is a Baer *-ring, and much of the theory of projections in von Neumann algebras can be extended to all Baer *-rings, For example, Baer *-rings can be divided into types I, II, and III in the same way as von Neumann algebras.

In the literature, left Rickart rings have also been termed left PP-rings. ("Principal implies projective": See definitions below.)
The Sandpipers
The Sandpipers were an American easy listening trio who carved a niche in 1960s folk rock with their vocals and innovative arrangements of international ballads and pop standards. They are best remembered for their cover version of "Guantanamera", which became a transatlantic top 10 hit in 1966, and their top 20 hit "Come Saturday Morning" from the soundtrack of The Sterile Cuckoo in 1970.

Singing in English, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Latin, and Tagalog, the Sandpipers had seven album entries in the Billboard 200 from 1966 to 1970, and over a dozen charted singles.

Grammy Award for Best Recording Package
The Grammy Award for Best Recording Package is one of a series of Grammy Awards presented for the visual look of an album. It is presented to the art director of the winning album, not to the performer(s), unless the performer is also the art director.

The Grammy Award for Best Album Cover dates back to the first Grammy Awards in 1959. From 1962 to 1965 it was separated into Classical and Non-Classical divisions. From 1966 to 1968 it was separated into Graphic Arts and Photography divisions. In 1974, the name of the award was changed to Best Album Package, and changed again in 1994 to the current name.

In 1995, boxed sets were no longer eligible, as they were split off into a separate award, currently known as the Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.
Eucryptite
Eucryptite is a lithium-bearing aluminium silicate mineral with formula LiAlSiO4. It crystallizes in the trigonal - rhombohedral crystal system. It typically occurs as granular to massive in form and may pseudomorphically replace spodumene. It has a brittle to conchoidal fracture and indistinct cleavage. It is transparent to translucent and varies from colorless to white to brown. It has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 and a specific gravity of 2.67. Optically it is uniaxial positive with refractive index values of nω = 1.570 – 1.573 and nε = 1.583 – 1.587.

Its typical occurrence is in lithium-rich pegmatites in association with albite, spodumene, petalite, amblygonite, lepidolite and quartz.

It occurs as a secondary alteration product of spodumene. It was first described in 1880 for an occurrence at its type locality, Branchville, Connecticut. Its name was from the Greek for well concealed, for its typical occurrence embedded in albite.

Petalite
Petalite, also known as castorite, is a lithium aluminum phyllosilicate mineral LiAlSi4O10, crystallizing in the monoclinic system. Petalite occurs as colorless, pink, grey, yellow, yellow grey, to white tabular crystals and columnar masses. It occurs in lithium-bearing pegmatites with spodumene, lepidolite, and tourmaline. Petalite is an important ore of lithium, and is converted to spodumene and quartz by heating to ~500 °C and under 3 kbar of pressure in the presence of a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a minor carbonate component. Petalite (and secondary spodumene formed from it) is lower in iron than primary spodumene, making it a more useful source of lithium in, e.g., the production of glass. The colorless varieties are often used as gemstones.

Petalite is significant because the element lithium was originally identified from petalite in Sweden in 1817. The element was named 'lithium,' from the greek word for 'stone', because it had been found in petalite.
Carbolineum
Carbolineum is an oily, water-insoluble, flammable, dark brown mixture from coal tar components, smelling of tar. It contains among other things anthracene and phenol.

Because of its rot-resisting and disinfecting effect, Carbolineum was used over many years for the preservation of wooden structures such as railroad ties, telephone poles, cabins, etc.

More recently, its use has been limited and/or forbidden by the introduction of stricter environmental regulations.

Coal tar
Coal tar (also creosote) is a thick dark liquid that is a by-product of deriving coke and coal gas from coal. Coal tar has both medical and industrial uses. Medicinally, it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff).  It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy in a treatment called Goeckerman therapy, which is rarely used clinically, as of 2024.

Industrially, it is a preservative for railroad ties and used in the surfacing of roads. Coal tar was listed as a known human carcinogen in the first Report on Carcinogens from the U.S. Federal Government, issued in 1980, and remains a cancer concern due to the presence of benzene in coal tar skincare products, such as shampoos.
Cabinet of Venezuela
The Cabinet of Ministers of Venezuela (Spanish: Gabinete de Ministros de Venezuela ) is one of the bodies that make up the Venezuelan executive in that country's presidential system, alongside the Council of Ministers (Spanish: Consejo de Ministros). The Cabinet is headed by the president of Venezuela, and his corresponding vice president. The purpose of the ministries is to create, adopt, follow and evaluate policies, strategies, programs and projects in accordance with the constitution and the laws of the republic.

Administrative divisions of Venezuela
Venezuela is divided into 23 states (estados), 1 Capital District (Distrito Capital) and the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales de Ultramar) that consist of numerous Venezuelan islands. These administrative divisions are grouped into regions.
2019 Stormers season
In 2019, the Stormers participated in the 2019 Super Rugby competition, the 24th edition of the competition since its inception in 1996. They were included in the South African Conference of the competition, along with the Bulls, Jaguares, Lions and Sharks.

The Stormers won seven, drew one and lost eight of their matches during the regular season of the competition to finish fifth in the South African Conference, and in 10th place overall.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
The Dekalb Advertiser
The Dekalb Advertiser is a weekly newspaper published in Fort Payne, Alabama and serving the DeKalb County, Alabama region. The publisher is Brandon K. Pierce of Pierce Publications, LLC.
The Dekalb Advertiser was founded and published by Jerry Whittle, a former editor of the Times-Journal, another local newspaper. The staff of The DeKalb Advertiser includes: Kelly Bunch, Brian Robertson, Matt Silvestro, Monia K. Smith, Jon Voils, and Kim Whittle.

Times-Journal
The Times-Journal newspaper is published twice a week in Fort Payne, Alabama and serves the DeKalb County, Alabama region.  
The Times-Journal was a Southern Newspapers publication for 60 years before selling to Patrick Graham in 2019, along with sister papers in Albertville and Scottsboro.   The Times-Journal resulted from the merger in 1959 of the Fort Payne Journal, first published in 1878, and the Times-New Era.  The latter newspaper was the product of the 1951 merger of The DeKalb Times and The Collinsville New Era.

In 2008, of the 25 daily newspapers published in Alabama, the Times-Journal had the nineteenth highest daily circulation.

The Times-Journal won numerous awards from state newspaper associations, such as the Alabama Press Association and the Associated Press Managing Editors.
Gallium(III) fluoride
Gallium(III) fluoride (GaF3) is a chemical compound.  It is a white solid that melts under pressure above 1000 °C but sublimes around 950 °C. It has the FeF3 structure where the gallium atoms are 6-coordinate.  GaF3 can be prepared by reacting F2 or  HF with Ga2O3 or by thermal decomposition of (NH4)3GaF6.  GaF3 is virtually insoluble in water.  Solutions of GaF3 in HF can be evaporated to form the trihydrate, GaF3·3H2O, which on heating gives a hydrated form of GaF2(OH).  Gallium(III) fluoride reacts with mineral acids to form hydrofluoric acid.

Gallium(III) oxide
Gallium(III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ga2O3. An ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor, it has been studied for applications in power electronics, phosphors, and gas sensing. The compound has several polymorphs, of which the monoclinic β-phase is the most stable.
KS Warszawianka
Klub Sportowy Warszawianka is a Polish multi-sport club from Warsaw. It has several sections, including handball, track and field, fencing and tennis, and in the past it had several more, including a football team which competed in the Polish top division.

Their colors are black-white, and the logo consists of a black capital letter W.

Polish Superliga
The Polish Superliga, officially known as the Orlen Superliga due to its sponsorship by Orlen, is the top men's handball league in Poland. It is currently a 13 teams league, played from September to May.

The competition was founded in 1956 under the name I Liga and changed its name to Ekstraklasa in 1998. Since 2010, it is named Superliga.
Cyanicula
Cyanicula, commonly known as blue orchids, is a genus of twelve species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. All are endemic to Australia, eleven are endemic to Western Australia and one species occurs in eastern Australia. While both the common and scientific names refer to "blue", the two subspecies of C. ixioides have yellow or white flowers. They are similar to orchids in the genus Caladenia but differ in their flowers colour and in other important ways.

Cyanicula gemmata
Cyanicula gemmata, commonly known as the blue china orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a small, oval leaf and up to three intense blue to mauve flowers. It is the most common and widespread of the West Australian china orchids, sometimes appearing in large numbers after summer fires.
Marcus Julien
Marcus Julien (born 30 December 1986) is a Grenadian professional football player. He plays predominantly as a striker for the Grenada national football team and last played for Boca Juniors Grenada in the GFA First Division.

GFA Premier League
The GFA Premier League is the top football league in Grenada. It was created in 1983 and is headed by the Grenada Football Association. 10 teams participate in this league. The 10th-placed team is relegated to the Grenada First Division, while the 9th-placed team plays a play-off with the 2nd-placed team  of the second level. Despite being a league competition in CONCACAF none of the Grenadan teams ever played in CFU Club Championship or CONCACAF Champions' Cup. Some of the matches are played at the 9,000 capacity Grenada National Stadium. League games usually take place in front of dozens of spectators. In 2014, the match between PetroCaribe Queens Park Rangers and Nixon's Electrical Happy Hill FC was the first live broadcast of a Premier Division match.
Phasmophobia (video game)
Phasmophobia is a paranormal horror game developed and published by British indie game studio Kinetic Games (based in Southampton). The game became available in early access for Microsoft Windows with virtual reality support in September 2020. In the game, one to four players take on the role of ghost hunters who work to complete a contract where they must identify the type of ghost haunting a designated site and complete other optional objectives.

Phasmophobia rose in popularity after many Twitch streamers and YouTubers played it during October 2020, becoming the sixth-most popular game on Twitch of that month and the best selling game on Steam globally for several weeks from October to November 2020. It earned positive reviews from critics, who praised its innovativeness.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Kitili Maluki Mwendwa
Kitili Maluki Mwendwa (1929 – 27 September 1985) was a former Chief Justice of Kenya. He served between 1968–1971 and was succeeded by Sir James Wicks.

Mwendwa, who was from Kitui, was the first African to become Chief Justice of Kenya. His brother, Ngala Mwendwa, served as Kenya's first Minister of Labour from 1963 to 1974.

Chief Justice of Kenya
The chief justice of Kenya is a public office in the Republic of Kenya established under Article 161 of the country's Constitution as the head of the Judiciary of Kenya. Under Article 163, the chief justice also serves as the president of the Supreme Court of Kenya. The chief justice is assisted by the deputy chief justice, who also serves as the deputy president of the Supreme Court.

The current chief justice is Lady Justice Martha Koome, the first woman to serve as chief justice in Kenya.
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is a measure used in astrobiology to characterize a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain an environment hospitable to life. The Planetary Habitability Laboratory maintains a catalog of potentially habitable exoplanets.

Dynamo theory
In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.  A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mercury and the Jovian planets.
Mick Mellett
Michael Mellett (born 1945) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for club side Martinstown and at inter-county level with the Meath senior football team. He usually lined out as a left wing-forward.

Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Meath Intermediate Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association second-tier competition between Gaelic football clubs organised by Meath GAA. The winning club is promoted to the Meath Senior Football Championship. In the 2025 final, Kilbride defeated Castletown to win their second Intermediate championship and become a senior club for the first time since 1978. Each year, the final takes place in Pairc Tailteann, Navan. The winning club competes in the Leinster Intermediate Club Football Championship.
The current (2025) champions are Kilbride.
Seethanagaram mandal
Seethanagaram  is one of the 19 mandals in East Godavari district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Its headquarters are located at Seethanagaram. The mandal is bounded by Devipatnam mandal, Korukonda mandal, Rajahmundry (rural) mandal and a part of it lies on the banks of Godavari River. It is sub urban growth of Rajamahendravaram City.

Rajahmundry Rural mandal
Rajahmundry Rural mandal, officially known as Rajamahendravaram Rural mandal, is one of the 19 mandals in East Godavari district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The mandal is bounded by Seethanagaram mandal, Korukonda mandal, Rajanagaram mandal, Kadiam mandal and Atreyapuram mandal.
2018 BNP Paribas de Nouvelle-Calédonie
The 2018 BNP Paribas de Nouvelle-Calédonie was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia between 1–6 January 2018.

Open Nouvelle-Calédonie
The BNC Tennis Open, also known as the BNC Open Nouvelle-Calédonie, (formerly known as Open SIFA and Internationaux/BNP Paribas de Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It has been held annually in Nouméa, New Caledonia (starting with $37,500 of prize money in 2004).
Clayton Football Club
The Clayton Football & Netball Club (CFNC) is an Australian rules football club located in the Melbourne bayside suburb of Clayton. They compete in the 3rd Division of the Southern Football Netball League in the Men's football competition, the 2nd Division of the Women's competition and field two Women's Netball teams in the SFNL Netball competition.

Eastern Football Netball League
The Eastern Football Netball League (EFNL), formerly known as the Eastern Districts Football League (EDFL) and later the Eastern Football League (EFL), is an Australian rules football and netball league based in the eastern suburbs of metropolitan Melbourne.
Al-Qasim (name)
Al-Qasim is  a component of Arabic masculine names literally meaning "the one who distributes", see also "Qasim". Notable people whose full name includes "al-Qasim", "al-Qasem" , "al-Qassem", "al-Kasim", etc., include:

Qasim (name)
Qasim, Kassem or Qasem  is the  transliteration of the male given name (Arabic: قاسم, Qāsim), pronounced with a long first syllable. The meaning is one who distributes. The first known bearer of the name was the son of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Qasim ibn Muhammad.

There is an occasional variant spelling, (Arabic: قسیم, Qasīm), distinguished by a long second syllable. Both names can also be used as surnames.
¿Quién es la máscara? (Mexican TV series) season 2
The second season of ¿Quién es la máscara? premiered on Las Estrellas on October 11, 2020, and ran for 10 episodes. On December 13, 2020, Disco Ball (María León) was declared the winner, and Mapache (singer Paty Cantú) the runner-up.

¿Quién es la máscara? (Mexican TV series)
¿Quién es la máscara? (Spanish: Who Is the Mask?) is a Mexican talent reality television series produced by Televisa and Endemol Shine Boomdog. It is based on the South Korean television show King of Mask Singer created by Seo Chang-man. Televisa is the second network in the Americas to obtain the franchise of said program. It is hosted by Omar Chaparro and premiered on Las Estrellas on August 25, 2019.

The seventh season premiered on October 12, 2025.
Montmagny Seamount
Montmagny Seamount, formerly known as Minia Seamount, is an undersea mountain in the North Atlantic Ocean, located about 700 km (430 mi) south of Cape Race in Canadian waters off Atlantic Canada. It rises to a height of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and has an areal extent of 440 km2 (170 mi2), making it slightly larger than the Quebec city of Montreal.

Montmagny is one of the seven named Fogo Seamounts. It was originally named Minia Seamount after a Canadian cable ship that helped search for bodies from the Titanic disaster. However, this name had already been in use for a seamount further to the northeast and was therefore renamed in 1997 to Montmagny Seamount after the Canadian steamship SS Montmagny. This steamship participated in two recovery missions after the Titanic disaster.

Fogo Seamounts
The Fogo Seamounts, also called the Fogo Seamount Chain, are a group of undersea mountains southeast of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean. This seamount chain, lying approximately 500 km (310 mi) offshore from the island of Newfoundland, consists of several submarine volcanoes that have been extinct for millions of years. They are one of the few seamount chains located in Canadian waters off the coast of Atlantic Canada.
Gränicher Island
Gränicher Island is a small island which is the northernmost of the Bennett Islands in Hanusse Bay, Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos obtained by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947–48) and the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57). It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Walter H.H. Gränicher, a Swiss physicist who from 1954 made important investigations of the electrical and mechanical properties of ice in relation to its molecular structure.

Hanusse Bay
Hanusse Bay is a broad, V-shaped bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The bay is 37 kilometres (20 nmi) long and trends generally north–south. It is bordered by Cape Mascart on Anvers Island, and Shmidt Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula, Loubet Coast. At its north entrance, Isacke Passage separates it from Liard Island. It is bounded to the south by a line from Landauer Point, the north point of Hansen Island and Bagnold Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula.

The bay was discovered and first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the director of the Hydrographic Service of the French Navy  Ferdinand Isidore Hanusse (1848–1921). Isacke Passage was also charted Charcot's expedition. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Captain Christopher J. Isacke, Royal Navy, commanding officer of HMS Endurance in the Antarctic Peninsula area, 1972–74.
Westrehem
Westrehem (French pronunciation: [wɛstʁ(ə)ɛm]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 12 miles (19 km) west of Béthune and 34 miles (55 km) southwest of Lille.

It is surrounded by the communes of Ligny-lès-Aire, Fontaine-lès-Hermans and Febvin-Palfart. Westrehem is located 16 km northwest of Bruay-la-Buissière, the largest nearby city.

Bruay-la-Buissière
Bruay-la-Buissière (French pronunciation: [bʁyɛ la bɥisjɛʁ] ⓘ; West Flemish: Bruwaei, Picard: Brouay-l'Bussière) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.