hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Devonshire Association
The Devonshire Association (DA) is a learned society founded in 1862 by William Pengelly and modelled on the British Association, but concentrating on research subjects linked to Devon in the fields of science, literature and the arts.

British Science Association
The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science. Until 2009 it was known as the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA). The current Chief Executive is Hannah Russell. The BSA's mission is to get more people engaged in the field of science by coordinating, delivering, and overseeing different projects that are suited to achieve these goals. The BSA "envisions a society in which a diverse group of people can learn and apply the sciences in which they learn." and is managed by a professional staff located at their Head Office in the Wellcome Wolfson Building. The BSA offers a wide variety of activities and events that both recognise and encourage people to be involved in science. These include the British Science Festival, British Science Week, the CREST Awards, For Thought, The Ideas Fund, along with regional and local events.
Pierre le Pelley I
Pierre le Pelley I, Esq., 13th Seigneur of Sark (1736–1778) was Seigneur of Sark from 1752 to 1778.

Pierre le Pelley may have also been known by the anglicized name "Peter", as "Peter le Pelley" the "son of Daniel le Pelley", was reported as the governor of the island of Sark in 1762. His sister Mary Le Pelley was married to William Budd, Esq., also in 1762.

Seigneur of Sark
The Seigneur of Sark is the lord of the manor of Sark in the Channel Islands. A female seigneur of Sark is called Dame of Sark, of which there have been three. The husband of a female ruler of Sark is not a consort but is jure uxoris ("by right of (his) wife") a seigneur himself.
Bahçelievler (Istanbul Metro)
Bahçelievler is a rapid transit station on the M1 line of the Istanbul Metro located in southeastern Bahçelievler. Connection to the Istanbul Metrobus is available.

Bahçelievler was opened on 15 January 1999.

Bahçelievler
Bahçelievler (meaning "houses with gardens" in Turkish) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 17 km2 (0.3% of Istanbul Province), and its population is 594,350 (2022). It is a large middle class residential suburb of Istanbul, on the European side of the city. It is accessible from the D.100 that runs from the Istanbul airport to the Asian side of the city. Bahçelievler is the northern neighbour of Bakırköy.
DeAnn Wiley
DeAnn Wiley (born 1994) is an American artist, illustrator, and author. Her work centers Black American life and Black queer women. She illustrated the books My Afro Is a Rising Sun, The Numbers Store: A Sunday Adventures Book, and Marley’s Pride, which received a Stonewall Honor. Her debut children's book Homegrown was published in 2024, followed by Double Dutch Queen in 2025.

Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt. The company publishes in the fields of American and international fiction, biography, history, politics, science, psychology, health, and children's literature. In the U.S., it operates under Macmillan Publishers.
Worth, Kent
Worth is a village and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, England, situated 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Sandwich. It has two public houses, a church, and a school. According to the 2011 UK Census, Worth had a population of 992.

Worth was supposedly first inhabited due to its fertile soils. This eventually led to the cultivation of the land during Norman times by the Lords of the Eastry Manor.

Sandwich, Kent
Sandwich is a town and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, south-east England. It lies on the River Stour and has a population of 4,985. Sandwich was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings, including several listed public houses and gates in the old town walls, churches, almshouses and the White Mill. While it was once a major port, Sandwich is now 2 miles (3 km) from the sea due to the disappearance of the Wantsum Channel. Its historic centre has been preserved. Sandwich Bay is home to nature reserves and two world-class golf courses, Royal St George's and Prince's. The town is also a home to many educational and cultural events. Sandwich also gave its name to the food by way of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and the word sandwich is now found in several languages.
2019 Heartland Championship
The 2019 Heartland Championship, known as the 2019 Mitre 10 Heartland Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the 14th edition of the Heartland Championship, a rugby union competition involving the twelve amateur rugby unions in New Zealand. The tournament began with a round-robin stage in which the twelve teams played eight games each, from which the top four advanced to the Meads Cup semifinals, while fifth to eighth advanced to the Lochore Cup semifinals. In both of these knockout stages the top seeds (first and fifth) played at home against the lowest seeds (fourth and eighth), the second highest seeds (second and sixth) played at home against the third highest seeds (third and seventh) and the final featured the higher seed playing at home against the lower seed.

Heartland Championship
The Heartland Championship is an annual round-robin rugby union competition in men's domestic New Zealand rugby. First played in 2006, it is the third highest level of competition in New Zealand alongside the Ranfurly Shield. It is organised by New Zealand Rugby (NZR) and since 2021, it has been known as the Bunnings Heartland Championship after Bunnings, its naming rights sponsor.

Following the 2005 National Provincial Championship the NPC was restructured into two competitions. The Heartland Championship would include semi-professional and amateur players, and consist of the bottom twelve populated and performing regional teams. The higher ranked teams would compete in the reformed professional National Provincial Championship.
Timeline of biotechnology
The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in chronological order.

These discoveries, inventions and modifications are evidence of the application of biotechnology since before the common era and describe notable events in the research, development and regulation of biotechnology.

Cellular agriculture
Cellular agriculture is the production of agricultural products from cell cultures using a combination of biotechnology, tissue engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology to create and design new methods of producing proteins, fats, and tissues that would otherwise come from traditional agriculture. This sector primarily focuses on the production of animal derivatives, including meat, milk,, honey, and eggs, obtained through cell culture, and is proposed as a sustainable alternative to  livestock farming and slaughter, practices that pose significant global challenges, including environmental impact (e.g., of meat production), animal welfare, food security, and human health.
Collicular artery
The collicular artery or quadrigeminal artery arises from the posterior cerebral artery. This small artery supplies portions of the midbrain, especially the superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, and tectum.

Posterior cerebral artery
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of cerebral arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe, as well as the medial and inferior aspects of the temporal lobe of the human brain. The two arteries originate from the distal end of the basilar artery, where it bifurcates into the left and right posterior cerebral arteries. These anastomose with the middle cerebral arteries and internal carotid arteries via the posterior communicating arteries.
Hip replacement
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi/semi(half) replacement. Such joint replacement orthopaedic surgery is generally conducted to relieve arthritis pain or in some hip fractures. A total hip replacement (total hip arthroplasty) consists of replacing both the acetabulum and the femoral head while hemiarthroplasty generally only replaces the femoral head. Hip replacement is one of the most common orthopaedic operations. Patient satisfaction varies widely between different techniques and implants. Approximately 58% of total hip replacements are estimated to last 25 years. The average cost of a total hip replacement in 2012 was $40,364 in the United States (about €37,300), and in the range of €7,117 to €11,091 in most European countries.

Projectional radiography
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. Projectional radiography is not the same as a radiographic projection, which refers specifically to the direction of the X-ray beam and patient positioning during the imaging process. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists. Both the procedure and any resultant images are often simply called 'X-ray'. Plain radiography or roentgenography generally refers to projectional radiography (without the use of more advanced techniques such as computed tomography that can generate 3D-images). Plain radiography can also refer to radiography without a radiocontrast agent or radiography that generates single static images, as contrasted to fluoroscopy, which are technically also projectional.
Jinghong Road station
Jinghong Road (Chinese: 景洪路; pinyin: Jǐnghóng Lù), formerly West Huajing (Chinese: 华泾西; pinyin: Huájīng Xī) is a metro station on the Line 15 of the Shanghai Metro. Located along an unbuilt section of Jinghong Road near its intersection with an unbuilt section of Huaji Road and straddling the boundary between Minhang and Xuhui districts in the city of Shanghai, the station was scheduled to open with the rest of Line 15 in 2020. However, the station eventually opened on 23 January 2021 following a one-month postponement.
Half-Trains terminated here and trains would have to switch tracks to return to northbound track towards Gucun Park, until the south terminal station of short-route trains was extended to Shuangbai Road station.

To match the station of Airport link line, the metro station has renamed in 21 September 2024.

Line 15 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 15 of the Shanghai Metro is a north-south metro line in the city of Shanghai that opened on 23 January 2021. The line begins at Gucun Park in Baoshan District at its northern end, and terminates at Zizhu Hi-tech Park in Minhang District at its southern end, via Shanghai West Railway Station and Shanghai South Railway Station. It will be 42.3 kilometres (26.3 mi) in length and have 30 stations. The line is one of Shanghai Metro's new batch of high capacity fully automated and driverless lines along with Lines 14 and 18. The line is colored ivory on system maps.
Insubres
The Insubres or Insubri were an ancient Celtic population settled in Insubria, in what is now the Italian region of Lombardy. They were the founders of Mediolanum (Milan). Though completely Gaulish at the time of Roman conquest, they were the result of the fusion of pre-existing Ligurian and Celtic population (Golasecca culture) with Gaulish tribes.

Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in  Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps, and as Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the Pyrenees Mountains on the west, the Cévennes to the north, the Alps on the east, and the Gulf of Lion on the south; the province included the majority of the Rhone catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania. The province was a valuable part of the Roman Empire, owing to the Greek colony and later Roman Civitas of Massalia, its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output.
Brian Wong (politician)
Brian Joseph Wong (born February 23, 1963) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election. He represents the riding of Waverley-Fall River-Beaver Bank as a member of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia. He was the first Nova Scotian of Chinese descent elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He previously ran in the same district in the 2013 Nova Scotia general election, losing to Bill Horne.

On August 31, 2021, Wong was made Minister of Advanced Education.

Bill Horne
William H. Horne (born March 28, 1948) is a Canadian politician. He was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2013 provincial election. A member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party, he represented the electoral district of Waverley-Fall River-Beaver Bank.

Horne graduated from Saint Mary's University in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science.
Holly Wood, Oxfordshire
Holly Wood is a 25.6-hectare (63-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Oxford in Oxfordshire.

This ancient wood is a small remnant of the medieval Royal Forest of Shotover. It is coppice with standards on Oxford Clay with a varied invertebrate fauna. There are several uncommon butterflies such as the black hairstreak and  purple emperor.

Shotover
Shotover is a hill and forest in the civil parish of Forest Hill with Shotover, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. The hill is 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Oxford. Its highest point is 557 feet (170 m) above sea level.
Priest–penitent privilege in pre-Reformation England
The doctrine of priest–penitent privilege does not apply in England. However, before the Reformation, England was a Roman Catholic country and the Seal of the Confessional had great authority in the English courts.

Henry of Segusio
Enrico da Susa, latinised as Henricus de Segusio and anglicized as Henry of Segusio and often referred to by the religious name Hostiensis, (c. 1200 – 6 or 7 November 1271) was an Italian canonist of the thirteenth century, born at Susa (Segusio), in the ancient Diocese of Turin. He died at Lyon.
Eleazar of Worms
Eleazar of Worms (אלעזר מוורמייזא - also מגרמייזא of Garmiza or Garmisa) (c. 1176–1238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach ("Eleazar the Perfumer"  אלעזר רקח) from the title of his Book of the Perfumer (Sefer ha rokeah ספר הרקח)—where the numerical value of "Perfumer" (in Hebrew) is equal to Eleazar, was a prominent Kabbalist and halakhic authority, among the greatest of the Hasidei Ashkenaz and a disciple of Rabbi Judah the Pious.

He was the author of the Sefer ha-Rokeach (Rokeach in gematria = Eleazar), one of the Tosafists, and wrote many Kabbalistic works, most of which survive only in manuscript form. He served as a rabbi and judge in Worms, and instituted customs still observed in Ashkenazic communities today.

He was called "the Rokeach" after his book, though he was often mistakenly referred to as "Rabbi Eliezer of Germiza". Due to this confusion, he was sometimes wrongly identified as Eliezer the Great.

Ephraim Urbach
Ephraim Elimelech Urbach (Hebrew: אפרים אלימלך אורבך; born 1912 – 3 July 1991) was a distinguished scholar of Judaism. He is best known for his landmark works on rabbinic thought, The Sages, and for research on the Tosafot. He was a candidate to presidency in Israel in 1973 but wasn't elected.

A professor of Talmud at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Urbach was a member and president of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Padaek
Padaek  or padek (Lao: ປາແດກ) is a traditional Lao condiment made from pickled or fermented fish that has been cured. It often contains chunks of fish and is thicker, as well as more seasoned than fish sauce. Unlike other versions of fish sauce in Southeast Asia, padaek is made from freshwater fish, owing to the landlocked nature of the former kingdom of Lan Xang. Padaek is used in many Lao dishes, most notably tam maak hoong.

Green papaya salad
Green papaya salad is a spicy salad made from shredded unripe papaya. Known as tam som or tam mak hoong in Laos, the dish is characterized by its bold flavors, combining sour, spicy, salty, and slightly sweet elements. It is believed to have been created by the Lao people and is considered one of the national dishes of Laos.

The dish is also popular in neighboring Thailand, particularly in the Isan region, where the population is predominantly ethnic Lao. From Isan, green papaya salad, known in Thai as som tam, spread throughout Thailand and became a staple of Thai cuisine. Beyond Laos and Thailand, green papaya salad has also gained popularity across continental Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam.
Language-Sensitive Editor
Language-Sensitive Editor (LSE) is a full-screen visual editor for the VAX/VMS and OpenVMS Operating systems. LSE is implemented by using the Text Processing Utility (TPU) language. It is part of the DECset programming tool set, which also contains a test manager, the performance and coverage analyzer (PCA), a code management system (CMS), and a module management mystem (MMS).

PL/I
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced /piː ɛl wʌn/ and sometimes written PL/1) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language initially developed by IBM. It is designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming. It has been in continuous use by  academic, commercial and industrial organizations since it was introduced in the 1960s.

A PL/I American National Standards Institute (ANSI) technical standard, X3.53-1976, was published in 1976.

PL/I's main domains are data processing, numerical computation, scientific computing, and system programming. It supports recursion, structured programming, linked data structure handling, fixed-point, floating-point, complex, character string handling, and bit string handling. The language syntax is English-like and suited for describing complex data formats with a wide set of functions available to verify and manipulate them.
Miho funerary couch
The Miho funerary couch is a Northern Dynasties period (439-589 CE) funeral monument to a Sogdian nobleman and official in northern China. The tomb is now located in the collections of the Miho Museum. Its structure is similar to that of the Anyang funerary bed. It has been dated to circa 570 CE. It is rumoured to have been excavated in Taiyuan in the 1980s, before being sold on the American art market.

Anyang funerary bed
The Anyang funerary bed (Chinese: 安阳北齐石棺), also known locally as the Bed of Ts'ao Ts'ao (from the Chinese hero Cao Cao), is a Chinese funerary couch belonging to a Sogdian merchant and official active in China in the 6th century CE. The tomb was discovered in 1911, and the components of the funerary bed were dispersed among various museums in the world after being offered on the art market. It is thought the funerary bed was excavated in Anyang (ancient Zhangdefu), capital of the Northern Qi dynasty. It is stylically dated to the Northern Qi dynasty (550–577 CE).
1968 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1968 La Flèche Wallonne was the 32nd edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 21 April 1968. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Rik Van Looy of the Willem II–Gazelle team.

La Flèche Wallonne
La Flèche Wallonne (pronounced [la flɛʃ walɔn], French for "The Walloon Arrow") is a men's professional cycle road race held in April each year in Wallonia, Belgium. It is part of the UCI World Tour.

The first of two Belgian Ardennes classics, La Flèche Wallonne is today normally held mid-week    between the Amstel Gold Race and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. At one time, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège were run on successive days as "Le Weekend Ardennais" (both races are organised by Amaury Sport Organisation). Only eight riders have achieved the "Ardennes double" by winning both races in the same year: Alejandro Valverde three times (in 2006, 2015 and 2017), Ferdi Kübler twice (in 1951 and 1952), Stan Ockers (1955), Eddy Merckx (1972), Moreno Argentin (1991), Davide Rebellin (2004), Philippe Gilbert (2011), and Tadej Pogačar (2023).

Since 1998, a women's event has been held on the same day, part of the UCI Women's World Tour.
Plymouth (film)
Plymouth is a 1991 science fiction television film that was shown on ABC Network in the same year, as a pilot for a planned series. It was created by Lee David Zlotoff and funded by the American Broadcasting Corporation, Walt Disney and Rai uno radiotelevisione, with Lockheed acting as technical advisors.

Lockheed Corporation
The Lockheed Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer. Lockheed was founded in 1926 and merged in 1995 with Martin Marietta to form Lockheed Martin. Its founder, Allan Lockheed, had earlier founded the similarly named but otherwise-unrelated Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company, which was operational from 1912 to 1920.
Lørenskog Station
Lørenskog is a railway station on the Trunk Line in Lørenskog, Norway. The station itself lies just outside Oslo's city limit, but when it comes to fares, it is included in the price paid for an Oslo-ticket. It is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail line L1 operated by Vy running from Lillestrøm via Oslo S to Spikkestad.

Lillestrøm Station
Lillestrøm Station (Norwegian: Lillestrøm stasjon) is a railway station serving the town of Lillestrøm in Skedsmo, Norway. Located on the Gardermoen Line and the Trunk Line as well as being the western terminus of the Kongsvinger Line, it is the main transport hub of the eastern parts of the Greater Oslo area, and all trains east of Oslo – local, regional, airport express, and long-distance express – call at Lillestrøm.
Main City
The Main City (Polish: Główne Miasto, German: Rechtstadt) is the central, historic part of Gdańsk's borough of Śródmieście. Unlike the Old Town, the area was rebuilt after World War II and includes some of the city's best known historical monuments, including the St. Mary's basilica, Golden Gate, Artus Court, Main City Hall, the Royal Road, Long Lane and Long Market.

Długa Street, Gdańsk
Długa Street (Polish: ulica Długa; German: Langgasse), known as the Long Lane, is one of the most notable tourist attractions in the city of Gdańsk, in northern Poland. It leads from the Golden Gate (Złota Brama) to the Długi Targ (Long Market), and the Green Gate (Brama Zielona), and forms part of the Royal Route, the most prominent part of the historic city center and is one of its most notable tourist attractions.
Nottingham Cooperative
Nottingham Cooperative (or Nottingham as referred to by its residents) is a 21-room housing cooperative located at 146 Langdon St. in Madison, Wisconsin, on the shore of Lake Mendota. Nottingham was incorporated in February, 1971, by a group of lawyers and students from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The membership is usually composed of a mix of about 20 students and non-students. Unlike eleven other housing cooperatives near the campus area, Nottingham is not part of the Madison Community Cooperative.

The building was built in 1927 in the Mediterranean Revival Style.

Nottingham has hosted musical and dramatic events.

Madison Community Cooperative
Madison Community Cooperative, or MCC, is a housing cooperative composed of 11 houses in Madison, Wisconsin with around 200 resident members.

MCC is a member of North American Students of Cooperation (NASCO) as well as the Northcountry Cooperative Development Fund (NCDF). The majority of the cooperative houses are located near the UW Madison campus.