hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sport in Switzerland
In Switzerland, most of the people have a regular sport activity and one in four is an active member of a sports club. The most important all-embracing organisations for sports in Switzerland are the Federal Office of Sport, and the Swiss Olympic Committee (Swiss Olympic).

Because of its varied landscape and climate, Switzerland offers a large variety of sports to its inhabitants and visitors. While winter sports are enjoyed throughout the country, football and ice hockey remain the most popular sports.

Major sporting events in Switzerland include the Olympic Games, which were held two times in St. Moritz in Winter 1928 and Winter 1948, and, the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Euro 2008 in Switzerland and Austria.

Swiss Open (tennis)
The EFG Swiss Open Gstaad (currently sponsored by EFG International) is a tennis tournament held in Gstaad, Switzerland. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Tour schedule as an ATP Tour 250 series event. It is the eighth oldest tennis tournament in the world. Between 1971 and 1989 it was an event of the Grand Prix tennis circuit.
Indiana Toll Road Concession Company
ITR Concession Company LLC (ITRCC) is a subsidiary of IFM Investors that operates and maintains the Indiana East–West Toll Road. ITRCC has its headquarters in Elkhart, Indiana. ITRCC assumed this responsibility from the Indiana Department of Transportation on June 30, 2006, in accordance with a 75-year lease agreement, included as part of the 2005 "Major Moves" legislation proposed by Governor Mitch Daniels and enacted by the Indiana General Assembly in November 2005.

On September 22, 2014, ITRCC announced it had filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and that a sale process for the asset would commence. IFM Investors on March 11, 2015, announced that it had entered into a $5.725 billion agreement for the right to operate the Indiana Toll Road and collect toll revenue. On May 27, 2015, IFM announced it had reached financial close on its acquisition of ITRCC, and thus inherited the remaining 66 years of the concession lease agreement.

Indiana General Assembly
The Indiana General Assembly is the state legislature, or legislative branch, of the U.S. state of Indiana. It is a bicameral legislature that consists of a lower house, the Indiana House of Representatives, and an upper house, the Indiana Senate. The General Assembly meets annually at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.

Members of the General Assembly are elected from districts that are realigned every ten years. Representatives serve terms of two years and senators serve terms of four years. Both houses can create bills, but bills must pass both houses before they can be submitted to the governor and enacted into law.

As of 2024, the Republican Party holds supermajorities in both chambers of the General Assembly. Republicans outnumber Democrats in the Senate by a 40–10 margin, and in the House of Representatives by a 70–30 margin.
Pál Romány
Pál Romány (17 November 1929 – 16 December 2019) was a Hungarian agrarian engineer and former Communist politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture and Food between 1975 and 1980. He was the last Rector of Hungarian MSZMPs Political School in 1988–89.

Minister of Agriculture (Hungary)
The minister of agriculture of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország földművelésügyi minisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Agriculture. The current agriculture minister is István Nagy.

The position was called Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Trade (Hungarian: földmívelés-, ipar-, és kereskedelemügyi miniszter) from 1848 to 1889, People's Commissar of Agriculture (Hungarian: földmívelésügyi népbiztos) during the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, Minister of Agriculture and Food (Hungarian: mezőgazdasági és élelmezésügyi miniszter) between 1967 and 1990, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (Hungarian: földművelésügyi és vidékfejlesztési miniszter) from 1998 till 2010 and Minister of Rural Development (Hungarian: vidékfejlesztési miniszter) between 2010 and 2014.
James Walker Fowler House
The James Walker Fowler House was a historic house in Newburgh, New York, occupied in the mid-19th century by Judge James Walker Fowler (1820–1905). After Fowler's death, the house passed through two owners before becoming the residence of Captain Thomas S. Marvel, a shipyard owner at the turn of the 20th century. In the 1970s, the house was demolished as part of the city's Urban Renewal efforts.

Newburgh Free Academy
Newburgh Free Academy (NFA) is the public high school educating all students in grades 9–12 in the Newburgh Enlarged City School District, which serves the city of Newburgh, New York, most of each of the towns of Newburgh and New Windsor, and portions of the towns of Cornwall and Walkill.

In addition to Newburgh, the enlarged city school district includes the following census-designated places: Balmville, Gardnertown, and Vails Gate, as well as most of the New Windsor CDP and portions of the Orange Lake CDP.

It traces its history back over two centuries, to the years prior to mandatory public education.
Ćiril Kos
Bishop Ćiril Kos (19 November 1919 – 6 July 2003) was a Croatian Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Diocesan Bishop of Đakovo or Bosna and Srijem since 6 February 1974 until his retirement on 6 February 1997. He also was a political prisoner in the former communist Yugoslavia during 1959–1962.

Political prisoners in Yugoslavia
Political prisoners in Yugoslavia were held throughout both systems of government of the former country. Most political prisoners in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) were communists, whereas the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) primarily incarcerated real and alleged Stalinists during and after the Informbiro period, anti-communists, nationalists and dissidents (including those driving for regional autonomy or independence), all of which were perceived as a threat to the system.
43 BC
Year 43 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Monday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pansa and Hirtius (or, less frequently, year 711 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 43 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Lepidus
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (/ˈlɛpɪdəs/; c. 89 BC – late 13 or early 12 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who formed the Second Triumvirate alongside Octavian and Mark Antony during the final years of the Roman Republic. Lepidus had previously been a close ally of Julius Caesar. He was also the last pontifex maximus before the Roman Empire, and (presumably) the last interrex and magister equitum to hold military command.

Though he was an able military commander and proved a useful partisan of Caesar, Lepidus has always been portrayed as the least influential member of the Triumvirate. He typically appears as a marginalised figure in depictions of the events of the era, most notably in Shakespeare's plays. While some scholars have endorsed this view, others argue that the evidence is insufficient to discount the distorting effects of propaganda by his opponents, principally Cicero and, later, Augustus.
Będzyn
Będzyn [ˈbɛnd͡zɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ręczno, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Ręczno, 30 km (19 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 75 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Ręczno
Ręczno [ˈrɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ręczno. It lies approximately 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
OmniVision Group
OmniVision Integrated Circuits Group, Inc. (OmniVision Group; Chinese: 豪威集团; pinyin: Háowēi jítuán) is a Chinese publicly listed fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Shanghai.

Its primary focus is on research and development for semiconductor design and sale of semiconductor devices.  Its products are applied in the fields of mobile communications, vehicle electronics, Internet of things devices, and security products.

Together with its subsidiaries including OmniVision Technologies (OmniVision), the company does business as OmniVision Group.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982
Israel was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song "Hora", composed by Avi Toledano, with lyrics by Yoram Taharlev, and performed by Toledano himself. The Israeli participating broadcaster, the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), selected its entry for the contest through Kdam Eurovision 1982.

At Eurovision, the song came second, having received 100 points. He had previously participated in the 1981 national final with the song "Karnaval".

Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981
Israel was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 with the song "Halayla", composed by Shuki Levy, with lyrics by Shlomit Aharon and Yuval Dor, and performed by the band Habibi. The Israeli participating broadcaster, the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), selected its entry through Kdam Eurovision 1981. IBA returned at the Eurovision Song Contest, after withdrawing from the 1980 contest because of National Day of Remembrance.
Posit PBC
Posit PBC (or Posit) is an open-source data science software company. It is a public-benefit corporation founded by J. J. Allaire, creator of the programming language ColdFusion.

Posit has no formal connection to the R Foundation for Statistical Computing, a not-for-profit organization located in Vienna, Austria, which is responsible for overseeing development of the R environment for statistical computing.

Posit was formerly known as RStudio Inc. In July 2022, it announced that it changed its name to Posit, to signify its broadening exploration towards other programming languages such as Python.

Knitr
knitr is a software engine for dynamic report generation with R. It is a package in the programming language R that enables integration of R code into LaTeX, LyX, HTML, Markdown, AsciiDoc, and reStructuredText documents. The purpose of knitr is to allow reproducible research in R through the means of literate programming. It is licensed under the GNU General Public License.

knitr was inspired by Sweave and written with a different design for better modularization, so it is easier to maintain and extend. Sweave can be regarded as a subset of knitr in the sense that all features of Sweave are also available in knitr. Some of knitr's extensions include the R Markdown format (used in reports published on RPubs), caching, TikZ graphics and support to other languages such as Python, Perl, C++, Shell scripts and CoffeeScript, and so on.

knitr is officially supported in the RStudio IDE for R, LyX, Emacs/ESS and the Architect IDE for data science.
Mahler measure
In mathematics, the Mahler measure  of a polynomial  with complex coefficients is defined as

where  factorizes over the complex numbers  as

The Mahler measure can be viewed as a kind of height function. Using Jensen's formula, it can be proved that this measure is also equal to the geometric mean of  for  on the unit circle (i.e., ):

By extension, the Mahler measure of an algebraic number  is defined as the Mahler measure of the minimal polynomial of  over . In particular, if  is a Pisot number or a Salem number, then its Mahler measure is simply .

The Mahler measure is named after the German-born Australian mathematician Kurt Mahler.

Cyclotomic polynomial
In mathematics, the -th cyclotomic polynomial, for any positive integer , is the unique irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients that is a divisor of  and is not a divisor of  for any . Its roots are all -th primitive roots of unity
, where  runs over the positive integers up to  and coprime to  (where  is the imaginary unit). In other words, the -th cyclotomic polynomial is equal to

It may also be defined as the monic polynomial with integer coefficients that is the minimal polynomial over the field of the rational numbers of any primitive nth-root of unity ( is an example of such a root).

An important relation linking cyclotomic polynomials and primitive roots of unity is

showing that  is a root of  if and only if it is a -th primitive root of unity for some  that divides .
2025 Hamburg Cyclassics
The 2025 Hamburg Cyclassics, known for sponsorship reasons as the ADAC Cyclassics, was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 17 August 2025 in Germany. It was the 28th edition of EuroEyes Cyclassics and the 29th event of the 2025 UCI World Tour.

2025 UCI World Tour
The 2025 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-six events throughout the 2025 cycling season. The tour started with the Tour Down Under on 21 January, and concluded with the Tour of Guangxi on 19 October.

At the end of the season, Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) led the overall road world rankings ahead of Danish rider Jonas Vingegaard (Visma–Lease a Bike) and Mexican rider Isaac del Toro (UAE Team Emirates XRG). Pogačar won eight World Tour events during the season, including the Tour de France and three of the five cycling monuments.
International School of The Hague
The International School of The Hague (often abbreviated as ISH), established in 1983, is an international primary and secondary school in the vicinity of Kijkduin, The Hague.

The school was originally located on Theo Mann-Bouwmeesterlaan in Duinzigt, where an Assisted living facility is now located. It moved to its current sight on Wijndaelerweg in Loosduinen in 2007. As of 2024, it has 2000 students, making it one of the largest International Schools in the Netherlands. The current primary school principle is Rubin Borges and the acting secondary school principle is Annette Sloan.

American School of The Hague
The American School of The Hague is an international school located in Wassenaar, Netherlands. Student enrollment age ranges from 3 to 18 years. It represents students from 80 countries, with 28% and 15% being American and Dutch nationals.
Deep River State Trail
Deep River State Trail is a unit of the North Carolina state park system in Chatham, Lee, Moore, Randolph and Guilford Counties, North Carolina in the United States, and it covers 1,277 acres (517 ha) along the Deep River.  The State Trail is planned as a combination hiking trail and paddle trail along the Deep River, from Jamestown to its confluence with the Cape Fear River.  The park and trail were established by the General Assembly on August 2, 2007.  The first land acquisition for the park is known as the "Justice Lands", which are near Jordan Lake.  No part of the park is currently developed, and no trail segments have yet been designated by the North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation.

Jordan Lake
B. Everett Jordan Lake is a reservoir in New Hope Valley, west of Cary and south of Durham in Chatham County, North Carolina, in the United States; the northernmost end of the lake extends into southwestern Durham County.

Part of the Jordan Lake State Recreation Area, the reservoir covers 13,940 acres (5,640 ha) with a shoreline of 180 miles (290 km) at its standard water level of 216 feet (66 m) above sea level. Impounded in 1974, it was developed as part of a flood control project prompted by a particularly damaging tropical storm that hit the region downstream in September 1945. Constructed at an original cost of US$146,300,000, it is owned and operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which dammed and flooded the Haw River and New Hope River between 1973 and 1983.
Bishop House (New Brunswick, New Jersey)
The James Bishop House, known as the Bishop House, is a historic building on the College Avenue campus of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Bishop House was erected in 1852 for James Bishop, a prominent businessman and politician from New Brunswick in the latter half of 19th century. Located off of and facing College Avenue, the Bishop House is an example of an Italianate, or "Italian Villa" style mansion, popular from the 1850s to late 1870s in New Brunswick. Due to the building's significant associations with architecture, education, industry, politics and religion, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1976.

College Avenue Campus
College Avenue is the oldest campus of Rutgers University – New Brunswick, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S. It includes the historic seat of the university, known as Old Queens and the campus of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary. Many classes are taught in the Voorhees Mall area, also home to the Zimmerli Art Museum. It is within walking distance of the train station, shops, restaurants, and theaters in downtown New Brunswick, and is served by Rutgers Campus Buses, a zero-fare bus network.

Other campuses at Rutgers–New Brunswick include the Busch Campus, the Livingston Campus and the Cook-Douglass Campus.
United States government operations and exercises on September 11, 2001
On September 11, 2001, the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) was involved in an ongoing operation which involved deploying fighter aircraft to northeastern North America. The U.S. military and NORAD had also planned to conduct several military exercises and a drill was being held by the National Reconnaissance Office, an agency of the Department of Defense. The operations, exercises and drills were all canceled following the September 11 attacks.

Military simulation
Military simulations, also known informally as war games, are simulations in which theories of warfare can be tested and refined without the need for actual hostilities. Military simulations are seen as a useful way to develop tactical, strategical and doctrinal solutions, but critics argue that the conclusions drawn from such models are inherently flawed, due to the approximate nature of the models used.

Simulations exist in many different forms, with varying degrees of realism. In recent times, the scope of simulations has widened to include not only military but also political and social factors, which are seen as inextricably entwined in a realistic warfare model. Whilst many governments make use of simulation, both individually and collaboratively, little is known about it outside professional circles. Yet modelling is often the means by which governments test and refine their military and political policies.
Ribchester Roman Museum
Ribchester Roman Museum (officially the Ribchester Roman Museum of Roman Antiquities) is located in the village of Ribchester, Lancashire, England. It sits at the southern end of Church Street, near the northern banks of the River Ribble, adjacent to St Wilfrid's Church. Founded in 1915 by Margaret Greenall, a member of Warrington's Greenall's brewing family, it is registered charity number 510490 with the UK Charity Commission.

The museum houses many of the finds from Bremetennacum, the Roman fort a few yards away. The most notable find, the Ribchester Helmet, is on show in replica; the original is in the British Museum collection.

The museum's former honorary curator, Jim Ridge, had a gallery at the museum named in his honour after his death in 2003. Ridge instigated a Time Team dig in Ribchester in September 1993 after writing to them regarding remnants of the Roman fort being in the back garden of his 2 Church Street cottage.

St Wilfrid's Church, Ribchester
St Wilfrid's Church is an Anglican church in the village of Ribchester in Lancashire, England, which is situated close to the site of a Roman fort. It is an active parish church in the Diocese of Blackburn. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.
Perth Zoo
Perth Zoo is a 17-hectare (41-acre) zoological park in South Perth, Western Australia.  The zoo first opened in 1898, and by 2011 housed 1258 animals of 164 species and an extensive botanical collection.
It is a full institutional member of the Zoo and Aquarium Association (ZAA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).

Western swamp turtle
The western swamp turtle or western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) is a critically endangered species of freshwater turtle endemic to a small portion of Western Australia. It is the only member of the genus Pseudemydura in the monotypic subfamily Pseudemydurinae.

It is the sister taxon to the subfamily Chelodininae. As a consequence of the greatly altered habitat in the area in which it occurs near Perth, Western Australia, it exists in small fragmented populations, making the species critically endangered.
Meichang
Meichang Town (simplified Chinese: 梅厂镇; traditional Chinese: 梅廠鎮; pinyin: Méichǎng Zhèn) is a town situated on the south side of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It borders Xuguantun Subdistrict and Caozili Town in the north, Shangmatai Town in the east, Dazhangzhuang Town in the south, as well as Xiazhuzhuang and Yangcun Subdistricts in the west. It has 35,033 inhabitants under its administration as of 2010.

Its name Meichang (Chinese: 梅厂; lit. 'Mei's Shack') came into existence during the Song dynasty, when a family with the surname Mei first settled in the region.

Xiazhuzhuang Subdistrict
Xiazhuzhuang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 下朱庄街道; traditional Chinese: 下朱莊街道; pinyin: Xiàzhūzhuāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in the south side of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Yangcun Subdistrict to its north, Meichang Town to its east, Dazhangzhuang and Shuangjie Towns in its south, and Huangzhuang Subdistrict in its west. As of 2010, it has a census population of 24,295.

The region was initially named Xiazhuzhuang (Chinese: 夏朱庄; lit. 'Xia and Zhu's Villa')  for the two prominent families of the settlement during the Ming dynasty. Later when the Xia family moved out, the name was changed to Xiazhuzhuang (Chinese: 下朱庄) to distinguish from the Shangzhuzhuang Village to the north.
Za dom spremni
Za dom spremni! (lit. 'For home – ready!'  or 'For homeland – ready!'; sometimes also abbreviated ZDS) was a salute used during World War II by the Ustaše movement in the Independent State of Croatia, where its use was mandatory. It was the Ustaše equivalent of the fascist salute or the Nazi salute.

Its status in Croatia has been a topic of political controversy, however, involving a more recent usage pattern during the Croatian War of Independence. The use of the slogan in the country has been condemned by the leadership of the country and is generally associated with far-right politics. It has not been prosecuted consistently though the Croatian courts have generally tended to ban it through more general statute. In Austria, symbols including the slogan were likewise used by extremists and eventually banned.

Poglavnik
Poglavnik (Croatian: [pǒɡlaːʋniːk]) is a Croatian word meaning 'leader' or 'guide'.

As a political title, it is strongly associated with Ante Pavelić, head of the fascist organization known as the Ustaše in 1929 and served as dictator of the Independent State of Croatia, a World War II fascist puppet state built out of parts of Axis occupied Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, between 1941 and 1945.