hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah
Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Nāsir (Arabic: أبو نصر محمد بن الناصر; 1175 – 11 July 1226), better known with his regnal name al-Ẓāhir bi-Amr Allāh (الظاهر بأمر الله, lit. 'He Who Appears Openly by the Order of God'), was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1225 to 1226. He succeeded his father al-Nasir in the year 1225 as the thirty-fifth Abbasid Caliph.

Muhammad II of Khwarazm
'Alā' al-Din Muhammad II (Persian: علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه; full name: Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad Sanjar ibn Tekish) was the Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire from 3 August 1200 to 11 January 1221. His ancestor was Anushtegin Gharchai, a Turkic Ghulam who eventually became a viceroy of a small province in Central Asia named Khwarazm. He was subjected to the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, which resulted in the utter destruction of his empire.
Abbas Fallahi Babajan
Abbas Fallahi Babajan (Persian: ‌‌عباس فلاحی باباجان; born 1966) is an Iranian politician.

Fallahi was born in Ahar, East Azerbaijan. He was a member of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Ahar and Heris. Fallahi won with 40,848 (37.10%) votes. Mr. Fallahi was able to obtain 40,848 votes and enter the ninth term of the Islamic Council.

Ahar
Ahar (Persian: اهر) is a city in the Central District of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Ahar was the capital of Karadag Khanate in 18th and 19th centuries.
Eparchy of Žiča
Eparchy of Žiča (Serbian: Епархија жичка) is one of the eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Republic of Serbia. It is seated in Kraljevo, in the Monastery of Žiča. Since 2014, diocesan bishop is Justin Stefanović.

Serbian Patriarchate of Peć
Serbian Patriarchate of Peć (Serbian: Српска патријаршија у Пећи, Srpska patrijaršija u Peći), or simply Peć Patriarchate (Serbian: Пећка патријаршија, Pećka patrijaršija), was an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate that existed from 1346 to 1463, and then again from 1557 to 1766 with its seat in the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć. It had ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Eastern Orthodox Christians in Serbian Lands and other western regions of Southeastern Europe. Primates of the Patriarchate were styled Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch.
Lou Ritter
Louis Hampton Ritter (September 27, 1925 – April 9, 2010) was an American politician and lobbyist. He served as mayor of Jacksonville, Florida, from 1965 until 1967. A Democrat, he assumed office when W. Haydon Burns, mayor since 1949, resigned to become Governor of Florida. He was the last mayor to serve his entire term before the city was consolidated with the Duval County government.

Nat Glover
Nathaniel Glover Jr. (born March 29, 1943), is an American former college administrator and former police officer and sheriff. Glover is considered a pioneer in leadership in Jacksonville, Florida. He was the first African American elected sheriff in Florida since the end of the Reconstruction.  He was a mayoral candidate and served as the President of Edward Waters University, Florida's first institution established for the education of African-Americans, from 2010 to 2018. Previously he was the Sheriff of Jacksonville from 1995 to 2003, after serving in the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office since 1966. He was succeeded by John Rutherford.
Elisha Taylor Baker
Elisha Taylor Baker (February 17, 1827 – August 21, 1890) was an American marine artist from New York City. He was a ship portraitist, luminist and landscape painter.

Baker painted full-rigged ships, yachts, steamboats and schooners. His works are in the art collections of the New Bedford Whaling Museum, the Mariners' Museum and Park, and the Mystic Seaport Museum.

Luminism (American art style)
Luminism is a style of American landscape painting from the 1850s to 1870s, characterized by effects of light in a landscape, through the use of aerial perspective and the concealing of visible brushstrokes. Luminist landscapes emphasize tranquility, often depicting calm, reflective water and a soft, hazy sky. Artists most central to the development of the luminist style include Fitz Henry Lane, Martin Johnson Heade, Sanford Gifford, and John F. Kensett.

Painters with a less clear affiliation include Frederic Edwin Church, Jasper Cropsey, Albert Bierstadt, Worthington Whittredge, Raymond Dabb Yelland, Alfred Thompson Bricher, James Augustus Suydam, and David Johnson. Some precursor artists are George Harvey and Robert Salmon. Joseph Rusling Meeker also worked in the style.
Serinethinae
Serinethinae is a subfamily of the hemipteran family Rhopalidae, sometimes known as soapberry bugs. They are brightly colored seed-eaters, comprising three genera and about sixty-five species. These bugs are specialists on plants in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), which includes maples, balloon vines, and soapberry trees, among others. Seeds of the plants are the main resource used by adults for reproduction and nymphs for growth and development. Their diversity is the result of an adaptive radiation on these plants, who have co-evolved defenses such as having their seeds contain cyanide, fly out, or be contained in hollow chambers.

Rhopalidae
Rhopalidae, or scentless plant bugs, are a family of true bugs. In older literature, the family is sometimes called "Corizidae". They differ from the related coreids in lacking well-developed scent glands.  They are usually light-colored and smaller than the coreids.  Some are very similar to the orsilline lygaeids, but can be distinguished by the numerous veins in the membrane of the hemelytra.  They live principally on weeds, but a few (including the boxelder bug) are arboreal.  All are plant feeders. The type genus for the family is: Rhopalus.
Currently 30 genera and over 240 species of rhopalids are known. The oldest fossil rhopalids described are from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, discovered from the Haifanggou Formation. They are not considered economically important with a few species being pests of ornamental trees.
2010 United States Senate election in California
The 2010 United States Senate election in California took place on November 2, 2010. The election was held alongside 33 other United States Senate elections in addition to congressional, state, and various local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer won re-election to a fourth term.

Secretary of State of California
The secretary of state of California is the chief clerk of the U.S. state of California, overseeing a department of 500 people. The secretary of state is elected for four year terms, like the state's other constitutional officers; the officeholder is restricted by term limits to two terms. The current secretary of state is Shirley Weber, who assumed the role in 2021 after Alex Padilla's appointment to the US Senate.
Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel
Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel is the debut album by the guitarist Duane Eddy. It was released in 1958 on Jamie Records, as JLP-3000. There were five charting singles and a B-side of an additional charting single taken from this album.

Jamie Records released the album again in 1999 on compact disc, as Jamie 4007-2, with three bonus tracks. The bonus tracks are, in order, "Up and Down", "The Walker" and "Mason Dixon Lion".

The Rivingtons
The Rivingtons were a 1960s doo-wop band, known for their 1962 novelty hit "Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow". The members were lead vocalist Carl White (June 21, 1932 – January 7, 1980), tenor Al Frazier (died November 13, 2005), baritone Sonny Harris and bass Turner "Rocky" Wilson Jr. Frazier was replaced by Madero White for a period in the late 1970s.
1934–35 Serie A
The 1934-35 Serie A was the thirty-fifth edition of the Italian Football Championship and its sixth season since 1929 re-branding to create Serie A. It was the twelfth season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. Juventus were champions for the last of five successive season and for the seventh time in their history. This was their sixth scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924 and their fifth win contested as Serie A.

1929–30 Serie A
The 1929-30 Serie A was the thirtieth edition of the Italian Football Championship. It was also the seventh season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. Replacing Divisione Nazionale, this was the first season of the Italian Football Championship after its landmark fourth re-brand that created Serie A. Serie A was the first Italian football nationwide round robin to decide Italy's champion club. Secondary division Serie B was created the same season, facilitating meritocratic promotion and relegation between two Italian nationwide divisions. Internazionale were inaugural Serie A winners, and thus were Italian national champions for the third time. This was their first win since the Scudetto started being awarded from 1924. At the time Inter were named Ambrosiana.
1984 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The 1984 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and took place from 10 September until 16 September 1984. Fourth-seeded Francesco Cancellotti won the singles title.

Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia or International Championships of Sicily, also known as the Palermo Open, was a combined men's and women's clay court tennis tournament founded in 1935 and played annually at the Circolo Tennis Palermo in Palermo in Italy. In 1971 the women's event was discontinued leaving just the men's event that ran until 2006.
Hidayatullah I of Banjar
Hidayatullah I was the third Sultan of Banjar who ruled from 1570 until his death in 1595, he succeeded his father, Rahmatullah of Banjar. During his reign, Hidayatullah I was assisted by Kiai Anggadipa, a brilliant Banjar mangkubumi.

Ngaju people
The Ngaju people, also known as Dayak Ngaju or Dayak Biaju, are an indigenous ethnic group of Borneo from the Dayak group. In a census from 2000, when they were first listed as a separate ethnic group, they made up 18.02% of the population of Central Kalimantan province. In an earlier census from 1930, the Ngaju people were included in the Dayak people count. They speak Ngaju language as their mother tongue, and also speak Banjarese language, a widespread lingua franca in Central Kalimantan.
Vieilles Charrues Festival
The Vieilles Charrues Festival (French: Festival des Vieilles Charrues, pronounced [fɛstival de vjɛj ʃaʁy]; Breton: Gouel an Erer Kozh, pronounced [ˈɡweːl ãn ˈeˑrɛr ˈkoːs]; literally: Old Ploughs Festival) is held every year in mid-July in the city of Carhaix, France.

Matthieu Chedid
Matthieu Chedid (born 21 December 1971) is a French multi-instrumentalist and singer-songwriter.

Chedid began his career as a session musician playing both acoustic and electric guitar. In the late 1990s, he rose to fame as a singer-songwriter and musician under the alias M (often stylized as -M-), blending Nouvelle Chanson, electronic and rock music. In studio, he experiments with various instruments and electronic music, while on tour as -M- he mostly plays the guitar, and is known for his eccentric outfits and dramatic live performances, sometimes including special effects.

Chedid has also performed in the 2005 stage musical Le soldat rose and is part of French-Malian band Lamomali. Since 2018, he has been the most awarded artist at the Victoires de la Musique Awards with 13 awards, tied with Alain Bashung.
HD domain
In molecular biology, the HD domain is a conserved protein domain, named after the conserved   histidine (H) and/or aspartate (D) amino acid residues. It is found in a superfamily of enzymes with a predicted or known phosphohydrolase activity. These enzymes appear to be involved in nucleic acid metabolism, signal transduction and possibly other functions in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The fact that all the highly conserved residues in the HD superfamily are histidines or aspartates suggests that coordination of divalent cations is essential for the activity of these proteins.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Artery of Percheron
The artery of Percheron (AOP) is a rare anatomical variation in the brain vascularization in which a single arterial trunk arises from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) to supply both sides of the thalamus and midbrain.

Posterior cerebral artery
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of cerebral arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe, as well as the medial and inferior aspects of the temporal lobe of the human brain. The two arteries originate from the distal end of the basilar artery, where it bifurcates into the left and right posterior cerebral arteries. These anastomose with the middle cerebral arteries and internal carotid arteries via the posterior communicating arteries.
Historic sites in Cranford, New Jersey
Cranford, New Jersey is home to a diverse number of historic architectural styles, historically significant buildings, and landmarks. Structures dating from 1740 through the present can be found in a relatively small area of the township.

A self-guided walking tour of Cranford architecture is available.

Additionally, an audio tour of 25 historic Cranford sites, created by the Cranford Historic Preservation Advisory Board and narrated by Bernie Wagenblast, is also available.

Historic sites in the township are overseen by the Cranford Historic Preservation Advisory Board, whose purpose is to identify, record and maintain a system for survey and inventory of all building sites, places and landmarks and structures of historical or architectural significance based on the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation.

William Miller Sperry
William Miller Sperry (1858–1927) is the namesake of the William Miller Sperry Observatory in Cranford, New Jersey. According to his sworn passport application, he was born on September 14, 1858, in Bristol, Tennessee. He moved to Cranford in 1898 and succeeded his brother Thomas Sperry as president of S&H Green Stamps. Buried in Fairview Cemetery (Westfield, New Jersey), Sperry was the donor behind Sperry Park bordering the Rahway River in Cranford. The site is also part of the Rahway River Parkway, a greenway of the Union County Department of Parks and Recreation. Sperry's great-granddaughter, Frances Beinecke, is an environmentalist and the former president of Natural Resources Defense Council, and his grandson is William Sperry Beinecke.
Downhole heat exchanger
A downhole heat exchanger, (DHE) also called a borehole heat exchanger, (BHE) is a heat exchanger installed inside a vertical or inclined borehole. It is used to capture or dissipate heat to or from the ground. DHT's are used for geothermal heating, sometimes with the help of a geothermal heat pump. Downhole heat exchangers, like other use of geothermal energy, have the potential to significantly contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions. In northern Europe, DHE are already widely deployed.

Borehole
A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water (drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.g. in carbon capture and storage.
Anders Theil
Anders Theil (born 3 March 1970) is a Danish football manager and former player. He is currently Director of Sport at FC Roskilde.

At BK Frem his contract was set to expire on 30 June 2011, but in July 2009 he left the club.

He then became assistant manager at FC Roskilde. When Roskilde-manager Carsten Broe was sacked at the end of the 2011–12 season, Theil was installed as caretaker manager. On 4 July 2012 he was given a more permanent contract. In June 2017 he was promoted and became Director of Sport at FC Roskilde. Following the departure of Morten Uddberg as manager in October 2020, Theil was made caretaker manager for the rest of 2020. When Jack Majgaard was sacked in April 2023, Theil was once again made caretaker of Roskilde. In October 2024 he became careakter again, when Mikkel Thygesen resigned.

Carsten Broe
Carsten Broe (born 18 October 1963) is a Danish football manager. He was most recently manager of Herlev IF in the Denmark Series.

As a 24-year-old, he was named new manager of minor club Vindinge BK. He later went to RB1906, who he led from Denmark Series to the Danish 1st Division. He later coached Ølstykke FC and Nykøbing Falster Alliancen. In 2007, he was named the new head coach of SønderjyskE, a post he resigned on 6 June 2009.

In 2010, he returned as manager to his former club Roskilde. He was sacked by Roskilde on 21 May 2012. He then became manager of FA 2000 in the Denmark Series.

In January 2015 he became new Director of Sports of his former club FA 2000.

In November 2016 he became new manager of Herlev IF.
History of marriage
The history of marriage is a branch of social history that concerns the sociocultural evolution of socially or legally recognized unions between people called spouses, from prehistoric to modern times. Research on the history of marriage crosses disciplines and cultures, aiming to understand the structure and function of the family from many viewpoints. The study of history has shown that marriage, like other family systems, is flexible, culturally diverse and adaptive to ecological and economical conditions.

The history of marriage is often considered under history of the family or legal history.

Chastity
Chastity, also known as purity, is a virtue related to temperance. Someone who is chaste refrains  from sexual activity that is considered immoral or from any sexual activity, according to their state of life. In some contexts, for example when making a vow of chastity, chastity means celibacy.
Church of St. Luke in the Fields
The Church of St. Luke in the Fields is an Episcopal church at 487 Hudson Street, between Christopher and Barrow Streets, in the West Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The church was constructed in 1821–1822 and has been attributed to both John Heath, the building contractor, and James N. Wells.

The church reported 894 members in 2017 and 885 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income reported for the congregation in 2024 was $0.00 with average Sunday attendance (ASA) of zero persons.

The church is affiliated with the St. Luke's School, an elementary school located on the same block. Both are located within the Greenwich Village Historic District, designated in 1969.

Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation
Village Preservation (formerly the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, or GVSHP) is a nonprofit organization that advocates for the architectural preservation and cultural preservation and opposes housing development in several neighborhoods of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Founded in 1980, it has advocated for New York City designated landmark status for a variety of sites.

The organization has been characterized as influential in New York real estate and urban planning because of its role in blocking housing developments in Greenwich Village.
Shannon–Fano–Elias coding
In information theory, Shannon–Fano–Elias coding is a precursor to arithmetic coding, in which probabilities are used to determine codewords. It is named for Claude Shannon, Robert Fano, and Peter Elias.

Arithmetic coding
Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy coding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number of bits per character, as in the ASCII code. When a string is converted to arithmetic encoding, frequently used characters will be stored with fewer bits and not-so-frequently occurring characters will be stored with more bits, resulting in fewer bits used in total. Arithmetic coding differs from other forms of entropy encoding, such as Huffman coding, in that rather than separating the input into component symbols and replacing each with a code, arithmetic coding encodes the entire message into a single number, an arbitrary-precision fraction q, where 0.0 ≤ q < 1.0.
History of the Jews in Southern Africa
For the history of the Jews in Southern Africa see:

History of the Jews in Angola

History of the Jews in Botswana

History of the Jews in Eswatini (Swaziland)

History of the Jews in Lesotho

History of the Jews in Malawi

History of the Jews in Mozambique

History of the Jews in Namibia

History of the Jews in South Africa

History of the Jews in Zambia

History of the Jews in Zimbabwe

History of the Jews in Mozambique
The history of the Jews in Mozambique, until 1975, was closely connected with the history of Judaism through the former Portuguese Empire, particularly those elements of it operating on the coastlines of the Indian Ocean.  By the time the first Portuguese ships entered this ocean in the late 15th century, Jewish merchants and persons connected with sea work had lived on, and next to, this ocean for many centuries.  As a European presence deepened by the late 19th century in the Portuguese East African colonial capital then called "Lourenço Marques", a cluster of Jews of diverse backgrounds were living there.
Nybøl
Nybøl (German: Nübel, South Jutlandic: Nøffel) is a small town, with a population of 1,130 (1 January 2025), in Sønderborg Municipality, Region of Southern Denmark in Denmark.

Nybøl is situated on the Sundeved peninsula 4 km north of Broager, 9 km east of Gråsten and 9 km west of Sønderborg.

Nybøl Church built around 1150 is located in the town.

Sønderborg
Sønderborg (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsønɐˌpɒˀ]; German: Sonderburg [ˈzɔndɐbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a Danish town in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Sønderborg Municipality (Kommune). The town has a population of 28,333 (1 January 2025), in a municipality of 74,096. In recent times, Sønderborg is a center for trade, tourism, industry, and education in the region of Southern Denmark. The town is the headquarters for several industrial companies. Sønderborg joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.