hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103–106 Da) solutions, especially protein solutions.

Ultrafiltration is not fundamentally different from microfiltration. Both of these are separate based on size exclusion or particle capture. It is fundamentally different from membrane gas separation, which separate based on different amounts of absorption and different rates of diffusion. Ultrafiltration membranes are defined by the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane used. Ultrafiltration is applied in cross-flow or dead-end mode.

Semipermeable membrane
Semipermeable membrane is a type of synthetic or biologic, polymeric membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Depending on the membrane and the solute, permeability may depend on solute size, solubility, properties, or chemistry. How the membrane is constructed to be selective in its permeability will determine the rate and the permeability. Many natural and synthetic materials which are rather thick are also semipermeable. One example of this is the thin film on the inside of an egg.

Biological membranes are selectively permeable, with the passage of molecules controlled by facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport regulated by proteins embedded in the membrane.
2017–18 FC Basel season
The 2017–18 FC Basel season was the 125th season in club history and the club's 23rd consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football. Basel were the reigning Swiss Super League champions. The season started on the weekend of 22–23 July 2017 and ended on 19 May 2018. They were also the Swiss Cup holders. The first round of the Swiss Cup was played on 13 August 2017. Basel were also qualified for this season's Champions League in the Group stage. The first round was played on 12 September 2017.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.
Lille Ekkerøya
Lille Ekkerøya (Norwegian), Pikku-Ekrea (Kven), or Ižžot (Northern Sami) is an island in Vadsø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 0.34-square-kilometre (84-acre; 34-hectare) island lies in the Varangerfjorden, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) off the coast of the mainland Varanger Peninsula. It is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southeast of the village of Krampenes and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the village of Ekkerøy. The town of Vadsø is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the west of the island.

Varangerfjord
The Varangerfjord (English: Varanger Fjord; Russian: Варангер-фьорд, Варяжский залив; Finnish: Varanginvuono; Northern Sami: Várjavuonna) is the easternmost fjord in Norway, north of Finland. The fjord is located in Finnmark county between the Varanger Peninsula and the mainland of Norway.

Economy: There are six fish farming facilities (as of 2025); They use 12,000 tons of feed.
Tequixquiac
Tequixquiac is a municipality located in the Zumpango Region of the State of Mexico in Mexico. The municipality is located 84 kilometres (52 mi) north of Mexico City within the valley that connects the Valley of Mexico with the Mezquital Valley. The name comes from Nahuatl and means "place of tequesquite waters". The municipal seat is the town of Santiago Tequixquiac, although both the town and municipality are commonly referred to as simply "Tequixquiac".

The municipality is known as the "cradle of prehistoric art in the Americas" because of the sacrum bone and other artifacts found in the region.

Ejido
An ejido (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈxiðo], from Latin exitum) is an area of communal land used for agriculture in which community members have usufruct rights rather than ownership rights to land, which in Mexico is held by the Mexican state.  People awarded ejidos in the modern era farm them individually in parcels and collectively maintain communal holdings with government oversight.  Although the system of ejidos was based on an understanding of the preconquest Aztec calpulli and the medieval Spanish ejido, since the 20th century ejidos have been managed and controlled by the government.

After the Mexican Revolution, ejidos were created by the Mexican state to grant lands to peasant communities as a means to stem social unrest. As Mexico prepared to enter the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1991, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari declared the end of awarding ejidos and allowed existing ejidos to be rented or sold, ending land reform in Mexico.
2004 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 2004 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 110th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 4 June to 10 October 2004.

Patrickswell entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Knockainey in the quarter-finals.

The final was played on 10 October 2004 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Ahane and Garryspillane, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Ahane won the match by 1–11 to 0–13 to claim their 19th championship title overall and a first title in five years. It remains their last championship title.

Adare's Conor Fitzgerald was the championship's top scorer with 0–33.

1999 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1999 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 105th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 26 June to 3 October 1999.

Ahane entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 3 October 1999 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Ahane and Kilmallock, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Ahane won the match by 0–14 to 2–05 to claim their 18th championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Patrickswell's Gary Kirby was the championship's top scorer with 4–35.
Gruffydd Evans, Baron Evans of Claughton
David Thomas Gruffydd Evans, Baron Evans of Claughton, DL (9 February 1928 – 22 March 1992) was a British solicitor and Liberal politician. As Lord Evans, held the office of Deputy Lieutenant of Merseyside. He was created a life peer as Baron Evans of Claughton, of Claughton in the County of Merseyside, on 24 April 1978.

Evans was born in Birkenhead. His family were Welsh-speaking, originally from Anglesey. He studied at Birkenhead School and later at Liverpool University. Over a period he served on Birkenhead County Borough Council, Wirral Borough Council and finally Merseyside County Council, leading the Liberal group. He tried twice, in 1964 and 1966, to win a parliamentary seat but was unsuccessful. As President of the Liberal Party in 1977-78, he played an important role in dealing with the fall-out from the controversy relating to the activities of former party leader Jeremy Thorpe.

President of the Liberal Party
This is a list of people who served as president of the British Liberal Party. The Liberal Party merged into the Liberal Democrats in 1988.

The post was established in 1877 as president of the National Liberal Federation.  In 1936, this body was replaced by the Liberal Party Organisation, which survived until 1988.
Brussels tram route 81
The tram route 81 in Brussels, Belgium, is operated by STIB/MIVB, and connects the Marius Renard stop in the municipality of Anderlecht to the multimodal Montgomery metro station in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre. The route also crosses the municipalities of Saint-Gilles, Ixelles, the City of Brussels and Etterbeek. It offers transit with the Metro at Saint-Guidon/Sint Guido, Brussels-South (also railway), Merode (also railway) and Montgomery. The route also crosses the major tram routes 3 and 4 at Horta. A good deal of its length is in carriageway, while long sections at either end are in reservation. It has a short section in tunnel at Brussels-South.

Saint-Gilles, Belgium
Saint-Gilles (French, pronounced [sɛ̃ ʒil] ⓘ) or Sint-Gillis (Dutch, pronounced [sɪntˈxɪlɪs] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the southern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Anderlecht, Forest and Ixelles. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch), but predominantly French-speaking nowadays.

Saint-Gilles has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. The housing stock varies from semi-derelict tenements near Brussels-South railway station in the north, to elegant bourgeois houses on the southern borders with Uccle and Ixelles, to tourist hotels at the inner end of the Chaussée de Charleroi/Charleroisesteenweg.
Nazas chub
The Nazas chub (Gila conspersa) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This fish is endemic to Mexico where it is found in the endorheic drainage systems of the Nazas and the Aguanaval basin, which flow into the Bolsón de Mapimí, in the States of Coahuila, Durango and Zacatecas.

Chub
Chub is a common fish name.  It pertains to any one of a number of ray-finned fish in several families and general. In the UK, the term chub usually refers to the species Squalius cephalus. In addition, see sea chub.
Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (29 August – 11 November 2022)
This timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war covers the period from 29 August 2022, when Ukraine's Kherson counteroffensive started, to 11 November 2022 when Ukrainian troops retook Kherson. In between, Ukraine launched a successful counteroffensive in Kharkiv Oblast. Starting in October, Russia began a campaign of massive strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure.

This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Please note that some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.

Oskil
The Oskil or Oskol (Ukrainian: Оскiл; Russian: Оскол) is a south-flowing river in Russia and Ukraine. It arises roughly between Kursk and Voronezh and flows south to join the Siverskyi Donets which flows southeast to join the Don. It is 472 kilometres (293 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 14,800 square kilometres (5,700 sq mi).

The river has its sources on the Central Russian Upland, and flows through Kursk and Belgorod Oblasts in Russia, and through the eastern part of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine, where it joins the Seversky Donets river. An artificial lake, the Oskil Reservoir, was created in 1958 to help with flood protection and as a source of electricity.

There are several towns along the Oskil: Stary Oskol, Novy Oskol and Valuyki in Russia, and Kupiansk, Kupiansk-Vuzlovyi, Kivsharivka, Borova and Dvorichna in Ukraine.
Tottenham Hale
Tottenham Hale is a district of north London and part of the London Borough of Haringey, bounded by the River Lea and located to the south/south-east of Tottenham proper. From 1850 to 1965, it was part of the Municipal Borough of Tottenham, in Middlesex.

The area is currently undergoing major regeneration.

Walthamstow Wetlands
Walthamstow Wetlands is a 211-hectare (520-acre; 2.11 km2) nature reserve in Walthamstow, east London, adjacent to the River Lea in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is focused on the Walthamstow Reservoirs, built by the East London Waterworks Company between 1853 and 1904 as part of the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain. The site is one of the largest urban wetland nature reserves in Europe and is particularly important for wildlife due to its position within the Lee Valley. It serves as a byway for migrating, wintering and breeding birds. Visitors can freely access the site's natural, industrial and social heritage in one of the capital's most densely populated urban areas.

The reservoirs, under the ownership of Thames Water, also form part of a larger Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation, noted for the mixture of aquatic and terrestrial habitats on site, and for their London-wide importance (especially for birds).
Wedge Island Lighthouse
Wedge Island Lighthouse is a lighthouse in the Australian state of South Australia located on Wedge Island at the entrance to Spencer Gulf.

It was first lit on 29 March 1911 and rebuilt in 1970 and is located on the highest point of the island.  During the Second World War the RAAF operated No. 7 radar station at the lighthouse site, with a staff of about 30. This station was disbanded in November 1945.

Spencer Gulf
The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost and larger of two large inlets (the other being Gulf St Vincent) on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. It spans from the Cape Catastrophe and Eyre Peninsula in the west to Cape Spencer and Yorke Peninsula in the east.

The largest towns on the gulf are Port Lincoln, Whyalla, Port Pirie, and Port Augusta. Smaller towns on the gulf include Tumby Bay, Port Neill, Arno Bay, Cowell, Port Germein, Port Broughton, Wallaroo, Port Hughes, Port Victoria, Port Rickaby, Point Turton, and Corny Point.
Esperanza Base
Esperanza Base (Spanish: Base Esperanza, 'Hope Base') is a permanent, all-year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula (in Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula). It is the only civilian settlement on the Antarctic mainland (the Chilean Villa Las Estrellas is on the South Shetland Islands). The base's motto is Permanencia, un acto de sacrificio ('Permanence, an act of sacrifice').

Hope Bay, Antarctica
Hope Bay (Spanish: Bahía Esperanza) (63°23′S 56°59′W﻿ / ﻿63.383°S 56.983°W﻿ / -63.383; -56.983﻿ (Hope Bay)) is a bay 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) wide, indenting the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and opening on Antarctic Sound.
Rowland Thomas Lovell Lee
Rowland Thomas Lovell Lee (7 March 1920 – 10 October 2005) was a Recorder of the Crown Court (1979–92) and a published poet.

Lee was born on 7 March 1920, the son of Ronald Lovell Lee, and was educated at Bedford Modern School. He served in the Royal Navy (1939–48) and was a prisoner of war (September 1942-March 1943). After World War II he joined the Bedfordshire Constabulary (1948–52) before training to become a solicitor, qualifying in 1957.  He was principal of the practice Wynter Davies & Lee in Hertford (1959–89).

Lee became a Recorder of the Crown Court (1979–92).  He also served as Chairman of the Medical Services Committee, Hertfordshire Family Practitioners Committee (1970–77) and of the North Hertfordshire Health Authority (1977–84).

Bedford Modern School
Bedford Modern School (often called BMS) is a Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference independent school in Bedford, England. The school has its origins in The Harpur Trust, born from the endowments left by Sir William Harpur in the 16th century. BMS comprises a junior school (ages 6–11) and a senior school (ages 11–18).

The school has had four names. In 1873 the school became Bedford Modern School to reflect its modern curriculum, providing an education for the professions. BMS provided education not only for the locality but also for colonial and military personnel abroad, seeking good education for their young families.
Slovak Green Party
The Slovak Green Party (Slovak: Strana zelených Slovenska, SZS), founded in 2006 was an environmentalist political party in Slovakia without parliamentary representation. It is not a member of the European Green Party.

European Green Party
The European Green Party (EGP), also referred to as European Greens, is a European political party composed of national parties from across Europe who share Green values.

The European Greens works closely with the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) parliamentary group in the European Parliament which is formed by elected Green party members along with the European Free Alliance, European Pirate Party and Volt Europa. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the Federation of Young European Greens (FYEG), the Green European Foundation (GEF) and the Global Greens family.

Green parties participate in the governments of two countries in Europe: Latvia (The Progressives) and Spain (Catalunya en Comú/Sumar). They also externally support the government in Poland (Zieloni/Civic Coalition).
Leederville Oval
Leederville Oval (known as Sullivan Logistics Stadium under a naming rights agreement) is an Australian rules football ground located in Leederville, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The ground is used as a home ground by two clubs: the East Perth Football Club and the Subiaco Football Club, both competing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). The ground was previously home to the West Perth Football Club from 1915 to 1993, before the club moved to Arena Joondalup, its current home ground. The ground is serviced by the Yanchep line, with the nearest stop being Leederville station.

Leederville, Western Australia
Leederville is a suburb within the City of Vincent in the Perth metropolitan region of Western Australia.

It is home to Aranmore Catholic College, the School of Isolated and Distance Education, North Metropolitan TAFE, Trinity Theological College, and St Mary's Church. The suburb was named after William Henry Leeder, the original grantee of land that encompassed the area.
Mesudiye, Ordu
Mesudiye, formerly Hamidiye, (in Greek Μεσουδιέ and Μιλάς) is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,046 km2, and its population is 13,221 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,609 ft).

Mesudiye is a large area of hilly countryside, villages and pasture far inland from the Black Sea coast, south-west of the city of Ordu, in the direction of Sivas. This is a low-income district that since the 1950s has seen successive generations migrate away to jobs in Istanbul and elsewhere. Today Mesudiye itself is a small town of 5,600 people and the whole district is sparsely populated, although busier in summer with returning Mesudiye families on vacation. Efforts are being made by the state to boost the local economy including the opening of a college of a higher education college. Mesudiye is a home to sizeable Chepni Turkmen population. also, was capital of Chepni Beylik Hacıemiroğulları.

Ordu
Ordu (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈoɾdu]) or Altınordu is a port city on the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the capital of Ordu Province. The city forms the urban part of the Altınordu district, with a population of 235,096 in 2023.
Aleksandras Štromas
Alexander Shtromas (Lithuanian: Aleksandras Štromas; 4 April 1931 in Kaunas, Lithuania – 12 June 1999 in Chicago) was a prominent Lithuanian political scientist, dissident, professor and author.

Alexander Štromas was a cousin of Irena Veisaitė, Holocaust survivor and later Lithuanian scholar of German literature. Irena's mother and Alexander's father were siblings.

Irena Veisaitė
Irena Veisaitė (9 January 1928 – 11 December 2020) was a Lithuanian theatre scholar, intellectual and human rights activist.

She was awarded the Goethe Medal in 2012 for her contribution to cultural exchange between Germany and Lithuania.
South Dakota Public Broadcasting
South Dakota Public Broadcasting (SDPB) is a network of non-commercial educational television and radio stations serving the U.S. state of South Dakota. The stations are operated by the South Dakota Bureau of Information and Telecommunication, an agency of the state government which holds the licenses for all of the PBS and NPR member stations licensed in South Dakota except KRSD in Sioux Falls, which is owned and run by Minnesota Public Radio, and KAUR in Sioux Falls, which is owned by Augustana University and operated by MPR. SDPB has studios and offices on Main Street in Rapid City and on North Phillips Avenue in downtown Sioux Falls, with headquarters being located in the Al Neuharth Media Center on the campus of the University of South Dakota on North Dakota Street in Vermillion.

Minnesota Public Radio
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a public radio network for the US state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, YourClassical MPR and The Current, MPR operates a 46-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest.

MPR has won more than 875 journalism awards, including the Peabody Award, both the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting award of the same name, and the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Gold Baton Award. As of September 2011, MPR was tied with WNYC for most listener support for a public radio network, and had the highest level of recurring monthly donors of any public radio network in the nation.

MPR also produces and distributes national public radio programming via American Public Media.
Vulbens
Vulbens (French pronunciation: [vylbɛ̃s]; Savoyard: Vulbin) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

Vulbens is located 20 kilometres southwest of Geneva, on the hills of the Vuache. Vulbens has a border with Switzerland, the commune of Chancy. Other neighbouring municipalities are Chevrier, Pougny, Valleiry, Viry and Dingy-en-Vuache.

Valleiry
Valleiry (French pronunciation: [valɛʁi]; Savoyard: Valéri) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) by road from Geneva, Switzerland.  It is home to some of the offices of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the association representing the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users.