hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Employment, Social and Family Affairs (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Employment, Social and Family Affairs of the Republic of Somaliland (MoESFA) (Somali: Wasaarada Shaqada iyo Arrimaha Bulshada Somaliland)  (Arabic: وزارة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية والأسرية) is a ministry of the Somaliland cabinet which is concerned by for setting national labour standards, employment, workforce participation, family affairs and social services.
The current minister is Milgo Mohamed Elmi

Politics of Somaliland
The politics of Somaliland take place within a hybrid system of governance, which, under the Somaliland constitution, combines traditional and western institutions. The constitution separates government into an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch, each of which functions independently from the others.
Matías Dituro
Matías Ezequiel Dituro Curto (born 8 May 1987) is an Argentine-Chilean professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for La Liga club Elche.

He played top-flight football in Peru with CNI; Bolivia with Club Aurora, Jorge Wilstermann and Bolívar; Chile with Antofagasta and Universidad Católica; and in Spain with Celta Vigo.

As a goalkeeper, Dituro scored six professional goals. Four were penalty kicks, one a long kick from his own penalty area, and the sixth a header.

FBF División Profesional
The División Profesional de Fútbol Boliviano is the top-flight professional football league in Bolivia. In 2017, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈliɣa ðe ˈfuðβol pɾofesjoˈnal βoliˈβjano]; English: Bolivian Professional Football League) was disbanded and the FBF became responsible for the organisation of the league.

Since 1950, a total of 16 clubs have been crowned champions of the Bolivian football league system. The current champions are Always Ready, who won the title in the 2025 tournament. Bolívar is the most successful club in the league, with 31 titles to date.
Accretion (meteorology)
Accretion is defined as the gradual collection of something over time.  In meteorology or atmospheric science it is the process of accumulation of frozen water as precipitation over time as it descends through the atmosphere, in particular when an ice crystal or snowflake hits a supercooled liquid droplet, which then freeze together, increasing the size of the water particle.  The collection of these particles eventually forms snow or hail in clouds and depending on lower atmosphere temperatures may become rain, sleet, or graupel. Accretion is the basis for cloud formation and can also be seen as water accumulates on the particulate matter and form jet contrails.  This is because water vapor in the air requires condensation nuclei to form large droplets of solid or liquid water.

Snowflake
A snowflake is a single ice crystal that is large enough to fall through the Earth's atmosphere as snow. Snow appears white in color despite being made of clear ice. This is because the many small crystal facets of the snowflakes scatter the sunlight between them.

Each flake begins by forming around a tiny particle, called its nucleus, accumulating water droplets, which freeze and slowly form a crystal. Complex shapes emerge as the flake moves through differing temperature and humidity zones in the atmosphere, and possibly combines with other snowflakes. Because of this, snowflakes tend to look very different from one another. However, they may be categorized in eight broad classifications and at least 80 individual variants. The main constituent shapes for ice crystals, from which combinations may occur, are needle, column, plate, and rime.
Punkunnam railway station
Punkunnam railway station (station code: PNQ) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It falls between Thrissur railway station and Mulankunnathukavu railway station in the busy Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section. The station is used as suburb station of Thrissur railway station. The station act as a junction where a spur line goes to Guruvayur railway station which is near to the famous Guruvayur Temple. All passenger trains and a few long-distance express trains stop at Punkunnam railway station.

Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section
Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section is a high density railway corridor in Kerala state, India, running from Shoranur Junction in Palakkad district through Thrissur district to Kochi in Ernakulam district. The Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section is strategic and the lifeline of Kerala economy that connects the state to other parts of India. It is central to the provision of fast, long-distance Intercity and Express passenger services between Kerala and other cities of India. It is operated by Thiruvananthapuram railway division of the Southern Railway zone.
Khrystyna Homan
Khrystyna Homan (Ukrainian: Христина Костянтинівна Гоман; born 31 January 1999 in Slavutych, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian judoka. She represented her country at the 2024 Summer Olympics. In the first round, she lost to Marit Kamps from the Netherlands.

At the 2023 European Championships in Montpellier, she finished 7th after defeating Kinga Wolszczak from Poland and Rochele Nunes from Portugal but losing to Marit Kamps and Karen Stevenson (both Dutch athletes). At the 2024 European Championships in Zagreb, she lost in the first round to Austrian Maria Höllwart.

She studied at the Taras Shevchenko Chernihiv National Pedagogical University and Sumy State University.

Marit Kamps
Marit Kamps (born 4 March 2001) is a Dutch judoka.

Kamps is a bronze medalist from the 2022 Judo Grand Prix Almada in the +78 kg category. She won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2022 Judo Grand Slam Antalya held in Antalya, Turkey.

On 12 November 2022 Kamps won a silver medal at the 2022 European Mixed Team Judo Championships as part of team Netherlands.
Charun, Chitral
Charun is an administrative unit, known as Union Council, of Upper Chitral District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Chitral is the largest district in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, covering an area of 14,850 km2 (5,730 sq mi). It is the northernmost district of Pakistan bordering Afghanistan. The district of Chitral is divided into two tehsils and 24 Union Councils.

Chitral

Mastuj

Mastuj Tehsil
Mastuj (Urdu: مستوج) is a tehsil and a valley in Upper Chitral District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Mastuj is the principal settlement. It is located at 36°17'0N 72°31'0E with an altitude of 2359 metres (7742 feet). There are ruins of old fort built originally in 18th century and reconstructed several times.
Thomas P. Barnett
Thomas P. Barnett  (February 11, 1870 – September 23, 1929), also known professionally as Tom Barnett and Tom P. Barnett, was an American architect and painter from St. Louis, Missouri.  Barnett was nationally recognized for both his work in architecture and in painting.

Louisiana Purchase Exposition
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. Local, state, and federal funds totaling $15 million (equivalent to $538 million in 2025) were used to finance the event. More than 60 countries and 43 of the then-45 American states maintained exhibition spaces at the fair, which was attended by nearly 19.7 million people.

Historians generally emphasize the prominence of the themes of race and imperialism, and the fair's long-lasting impact on intellectuals in the fields of history, architecture, and anthropology. From the point of view of the memory of the average person who attended the fair, it primarily promoted entertainment, consumer goods, and popular culture. The monumental Greco-Roman architecture of this and other fairs of the era did much to influence permanent new buildings and master plans of major cities.
Lofthus, Vestland
Lofthus is a village in Ullensvang Municipality, which is located in the Hardanger region of Vestland county, Norway. The village lies along the eastern shore of the Sørfjorden, along Norwegian National Road 13. Lofthus is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the village of Kinsarvik and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the town of Odda.

The 0.88-square-kilometre (220-acre) village of Lofthus has a population (2025) of 601, giving the village a population density of 683 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,770/sq mi).

Lofthus is a tourist area with hotels and camping sites. There is also a significant amount of fruit farming in the area, and so Lofthus is home to a national fruit research centre. The most popular fruit grown in this area is the cherry. The medieval Ullensvang Church is located in this village, as is the Hardanger folk high school. The Hordaland District Court, which is based in Bergen, has a courthouse in Lofthus.

Odda (town)
Oddaⓘ is a town in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality and the largest urban area in the whole Hardanger district. The town is located at the southern end of the Sørfjorden, in a narrow valley between towering mountains and the lake Sandvinvatnet to the south. The large Folgefonna glacier lies just west of Odda, high up in the mountains. The village of Odda was declared a "town" in 2004.

The 3.02-square-kilometre (750-acre) town has a population (2025) of 4,750 and a population density of 1,573 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,070/sq mi). The town also includes the Eitrheim area, just northwest of the town centre. Odda Church is located in the town centre. Norwegian National Road 13 is the main road going through the town.
James W. Cannon
James W. Cannon (born January 30, 1943) is an American mathematician working in the areas of low-dimensional topology and geometric group theory. He was an Orson Pratt Professor of Mathematics at Brigham Young University.

Kleinian group
In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H3. The latter, identifiable with PSL(2, C), is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their center, which consists of the identity matrix and its product by −1. PSL(2, C) has a natural representation as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the Riemann sphere, and as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the open unit ball B3 in R3. The group of Möbius transformations is also related as the non-orientation-preserving isometry group of H3, PGL(2, C). So, a Kleinian group can be regarded as a discrete subgroup acting on one of these spaces.
Infinite-dimensional Chern–Simons theory
In mathematics, infinite-dimensional Chern–Simons theory (not to be confused with ∞-Chern–Simons theory) is a generalization of Chern–Simons theory to manifolds with infinite dimensions. These are not modeled with finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces, but infinite-dimensional topological vector spaces, for example Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet spaces, which lead to Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet manifolds respectively. Principal bundles, which in finite-dimensional Chern–Simons theory are considered with (compact) Lie groups as gauge groups, are then fittingly considered with Hilbert Lie, Banach Lie and Fréchet Lie groups as gauge groups respectively, which also makes their total spaces into a Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet manifold respectively. These are called Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet principal bundles respectively. The theory is named after Shiing-Shen Chern and James Simons, who first described Chern–Simons forms in 1974, although the generalization was not developed by them.

Hilbert manifold
In mathematics, a Hilbert manifold is a manifold modeled on Hilbert spaces. Thus it is a separable Hausdorff space in which each point has a neighbourhood homeomorphic to an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. The concept of a Hilbert manifold provides a possibility of extending the theory of manifolds to infinite-dimensional setting. Analogous to the finite-dimensional situation, one can define a differentiable Hilbert manifold by considering a maximal atlas in which the transition maps are differentiable.
Israel and the Bomb
Israel and the Bomb is a documentary film about nuclear weapons and Israel and policy of "nuclear ambiguity", produced and directed by Florian Hartung and Dirk Pohlmann, It was broadcast by ARTE on November 7, 2012.

Policy of deliberate ambiguity
In the context of global politics, a policy of deliberate ambiguity (also known as a policy of strategic ambiguity or strategic uncertainty) is the practice by a government or non-state actor of being deliberately ambiguous with regard to all or certain aspects of its operational or positional policies. This is typically a way to avoid direct conflict while maintaining a masked, more assertive, or threatening position on a subject (broadly, a geopolitical risk aversion strategy).
1942 NCAA cross country championships
The 1942 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the fifth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.

Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 16 teams and 63 individual runners contested this championship.

The meet was hosted by Michigan State College at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan for the fifth consecutive time. Additionally, the distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers). The following year in 1943 the race was cancelled due to World War II.

The team national championship was won by both Indiana and Penn State (the third for the Hoosiers and the first for the Nittany Lions) in a tie. The individual champion was Oliver Hunter, from Notre Dame, with a time of 20:18.0.

East Lansing, Michigan
East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city lies within Ingham County, although a small portion extends north into Clinton County. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 47,741. The city is located immediately east of Lansing, Michigan's capital and sixth most populous city. Both cities are part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area.

East Lansing is a college town, and is home to Michigan State University (MSU), one of the largest public universities in the United States. The city is economically and demographically dominated by MSU.
Monochaetum multiflorum
Monochaetum multiflorum is a flowering plant species in the genus Monochaetum indigenous to Colombia.

The leaves of the plant contain the hydrolysable tannins nobotanins Q, R, S, and T. It also contains the tetrameric nobotanin S and pentameric melastoflorin A.

Monochaetum
Monochaetum is a neotropical genus of shrubs and subshrubs with about 54 species. It occurs in warm temperate to tropical montane habitats from Mexico and Central America to the South American Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru with one species reaching the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela and Guyana.

Monochaetum is characterized by its tetramerous flowers, prevailingly dimorphic stamens with dorsally appendiculate anthers, capsular fruits that are free from the hypanthium, and cochleate seeds.
Milton Galamison
Milton Arthur Galamison (March 25, 1923 – March 9, 1988) was a Presbyterian minister who served in Brooklyn, New York.
As a community activist, he championed integration and education reform in the New York City public school system, and organized two school boycotts.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Möbius ladder
In graph theory, the Möbius ladder Mn, for even numbers n, is formed from an n-cycle by adding edges (called "rungs") connecting opposite pairs of vertices in the cycle. It is a cubic, circulant graph, so-named because (with the exception of M6 (the utility graph K3,3), Mn has exactly n/2 four-cycles which link together by their shared edges to form a topological Möbius strip. Möbius ladders were named and first studied by Guy and  Harary (1967).

Cubic graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a  cubic graph is a graph in which all vertices have degree three. In other words, a cubic graph is a 3-regular graph. Cubic graphs are also called trivalent graphs.

A bicubic graph is a cubic bipartite graph.
1896 Southwestern Presbyterian football team
The 1896 Southwestern Presbyterian football team represented Southwestern Presbyterian in the 1896 college football season. It was the school's first team, and played its first game against Vanderbilt.

1896 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1896 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1896 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.  The team's head coach was R. G. Acton, who was in his first year at Vanderbilt and went on to coach two more. This was the first meeting of Vanderbilt and Kentucky.
Rudston
Rudston is a small village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Driffield and Bridlington approximately 6 miles (10 kilometres) west of Bridlington, and lies on the B1253 road. The Gypsey Race (an intermittent stream) runs through the village, which lies in the Great Wold Valley. There are a number of Neolithic sites associated with the stream and its valley. It is the current Seat of the Clan Macdonald of Sleat, the head of the family residing at Thorpe Hall.

According to the 2011 UK census, Rudston parish had a population of 409, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 390.

From the medieval era until the 19th century Rudston was part of Dickering Wapentake. Between 1894 and 1974 Rudston was a part of the Bridlington Rural District, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 it was part of the Borough of North Wolds (later Borough of East Yorkshire), in the county of Humberside until the East Riding was re-established in 1996.

Driffield
Driffield, also known as Great Driffield (neighbouring Little Driffield), is a market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The civil parish is formed by the town of Driffield and the village of Little Driffield. By road, it is 53 miles (85 km) north-east of Leeds, 29 miles (47 km) east of York and 23 miles (37 km) north of Hull.

Driffield, being near the centre of the Yorkshire Wolds, is named The Capital of the Wolds.

According to the 2011 UK census, Driffield parish had a population of 13,080, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 11,477.

The town was listed in the 2019 Sunday Times report on the Best Places to Live in northern England.
Trisobbio
Trisobbio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Alessandria.

Trisobbio borders the following municipalities: Carpeneto, Cremolino, Montaldo Bormida, Morsasco, Orsara Bormida, Ovada, and Rocca Grimalda.

Ovada
Ovada (Uà and Guà in Ligurian, Ovà  in Piedmontese) is a comune (municipality) of 11,484 inhabitants in the Province of Alessandria in the northern Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Alessandria.

Ovada is the main comune of the Ovadese area, an area of the Lower Piedmont and Upper Montferrat, located in the southern portion of the province of Alessandria.Their patron saint is San Paolo della Croce. His saint’s day is on 18 October.
Charles Felix Smith
Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Felix Smith KCB (1786 – 1858), was an officer of the British Royal Engineers, of which he was colonel-commandant from 1856. He was acting Governor of Trinidad in 1828, 1830, and 1831; acting Governor of Demerara and of Berbice in 1833; acting Governor of St. Lucia in 1834; and acting Governor of Gibraltar in 1838. He received the Orders of Carlos III and of San Fernando of Spain in 1814, and the Ottoman Order of Glory in 1841.

Siege of San Sebastián
The siege of San Sebastián took place between 7 July and 8 September 1813, during the Peninsular War. Allied British and Portuguese forces under the command of Thomas Graham captured the city by assault after a lengthy siege, which followed a failed earlier siege and attack under the lead of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington. The successful assault carried out by Graham forced the surrender of the defending French garrison under Louis Emmanuel Rey. Having broken into the town during the final assault, the allied soldiers rampaged out of control through San Sebastián, abusing and murdering many of its civilian inhabitants and setting fire to many of the city's buildings.
Gol Mim
Gol Mim (Persian: گلميم, also Romanized as Gol Mīm and Gol Meym) is a village in Dughayi Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 403, in 121 families.

Dughayi Rural District
Dughayi Rural District (Persian: دهستان دوغائي) is in Abkuh District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dughayi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Almajeq, now a city.
2022 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon on 15 May 2022 (one week earlier for overseas voters and one day earlier for ballot workers) to elect all 128 members of the Lebanese Parliament. The country has for several years been the subject of chronic political instability as well as a serious economic crisis aggravated by the 2020 explosions that hit the Port of Beirut and faced large-scale demonstrations against the political class.

Hezbollah and their allies lost their parliamentary majority but still won the Parliament speaker election. The Lebanese Christian-based Lebanese Forces led by Samir Geagea made gains and won 19 seats as well as independent candidates promising reforms.

Mount Lebanon IV
Mount Lebanon IV (Arabic: دائرة جبل لبنان الرابعة) is an electoral district in Lebanon, as per the 2017 vote law. The district elects 13 members of the Lebanese National Assembly - 5 Maronites, 4 Druze, 2 Sunni, 1 Greek Catholic and 1 Greek Orthodox. The constituency contains two 'minor districts', Aley (corresponding to Aley District) and Chouf (corresponding to Chouf District). The Aley 'minor district' elects 2 Druze, 2 Maronite and 1 Greek Orthodox parliamentarian, whilst the Chouf 'minor district' elects 3 Maronite, 2 Druze, 2 Sunni and 1 Greek Catholic parliamentarians.
Virginia Department of Forensic Science
The Virginia Department of Forensic Science (DFS) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its purpose is to provide laboratory services in criminal matters in Virginia and to increase understanding of forensic science in general.

In 1972, DFS was first formed as a bureau attached to the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services (DCLS). This bureau became a division in 1990, and a department in 2005. The current director, Linda Jackson, has been director of DFS since February 2013. DFS reports to the Governor's Secretary of Public Safety.

Virginia Secretary of Public Safety
The secretary of public safety and homeland security is a Virginia government executive that serves as a member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet. The current nominee for the position is Stanley Meador, appointed by Governor Abigail Spanberger.