hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quota rule
In mathematics and political science, the quota rule describes a desired property of proportional apportionment methods. It says that the number of seats allocated to a party should be equal to their entitlement plus or minus one. The ideal number of seats for a party, called their seat entitlement, is calculated by multiplying each party's share of the vote by the total number of seats. Equivalently, it is equal to the number of votes divided by the Hare quota. For example, if a party receives 10.56% of the vote, and there are 100 seats in a parliament, the quota rule says that when all seats are allotted, the party may get either 10 or 11 seats. The most common apportionment methods (the highest averages methods) violate the quota rule in situations where upholding it would cause a population paradox, although unbiased apportionment rules like Webster's method do so only rarely.

Seat bias
Seat bias is a property describing methods of apportionment. These are methods used to allocate seats in a parliament among federal states or among political parties. A method is biased if it systematically favors small parties over large parties, or vice versa. There are several mathematical measures of bias, which can disagree slightly, but all measures broadly agree that rules based on Droop's quota or Jefferson's method are strongly biased in favor of large parties, while rules based on Webster's method, Hill's method, or Hare's quota have low levels of bias, with the differences being sufficiently small that different definitions of bias produce different results.
2018–19 Biathlon World Cup – Pursuit Women
The 2018–19 Biathlon World Cup – Pursuit Women started on Sunday 9 December 2018 in Pokljuka and finished on Saturday 23 March 2019 in Holmenkollen. It was won by Dorothea Wierer of Italy, with the defending titlist, Anastasiya Kuzmina of Slovakia, finishing third.

2018–19 Biathlon World Cup
The 2018–19 Biathlon World Cup (BWC) was a multi-race series over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 2 December 2018 in Pokljuka, Slovenia and ended on 24 March 2019 in Oslo Holmenkollen, Norway. The defending overall champions from the 2017–18 Biathlon World Cup were Martin Fourcade of France and Kaisa Mäkäräinen of Finland.
Chilliwack-Hope (provincial electoral district)
Chilliwack-Hope was a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, established by the Electoral Districts Act, 2008. It was first contested in the 2009 British Columbia General Election. The riding was formed from an amalgamation of parts of Chilliwack-Kent, Yale-Lillooet, Chilliwack-Sumas, West Vancouver-Garibaldi, and Maple Ridge-Mission.

Maple Ridge East
Maple Ridge East is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada.

A riding covering a similar area, Maple Ridge-Mission, was first created in 2001 and then had its boundaries adjusted in 2008. The riding adopted its current name and had minor boundary changes from the 2024 election, which implemented the results of the 2021 redistribution.
Bartolomeo della Gatta
Bartolomeo della Gatta (1448–1502), born Pietro di Antonio Dei, was an Italian (Florentine) painter, illuminator, and architect.  He was the son of a goldsmith. He was a colleague of Fra Bartolommeo. In 1468, Bartolomeo became a monk in the Order of Camaldoli, which his brother Nicolo had already entered. Upon taking holy orders, he changed his name to Bartolomeo. About 1481, he was summoned to Rome where he contributed to the cycle of frescos on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. He collaborated with Luca Signorelli.
Bartolomeo eventually became abbot of the abbey of San Clemente in Arezzo. He died in 1502 and was buried in the abbey of San Clemente.

Camaldolese
The Camaldolese Hermits of Mount Corona (Latin: Congregatio Eremitarum Camaldulensium Montis Coronae) are a Catholic monastic order of pontifical right for men founded by St. Romuald. Its name is derived from the Holy Hermitage (Italian: Sacro Eremo) in Camaldoli, high in the mountains of Tuscany, Italy, near the city of Arezzo. Members of that community add the postnominal letters ECMC after their names. A second community, the Benedictine Camaldolese, are also based at Camaldoli and add the postnominals OSB Cam. Apart from the Catholic monasteries, ecumenical Christian hermitages with a Camaldolese spirituality have arisen as well.
2015 Launceston Tennis International
The 2015 Launceston Tennis International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition (for men) and fourth edition (for women) of the tournament which is part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money for both genders. It took place in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, on 8–15 February 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Ringgenberg
Ringgenberg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈrɪŋɡn̩ˌbɛrɡ]; sometimes also written as Ringgenberg BE in order to distinguish it from other "Ringgenbergs") is a village and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Ringgenberg, the municipality also includes the village of Goldswil.

Ringgenberg is located on the northern shores of Lake Brienz. It has a small church that was built on the ruins of a castle in the 17th century.

Ringgenberg and Goldswil belong to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).

Brünig railway line
The Brünig railway line (German: Brünigbahn) is a Swiss narrow gauge railway line that links Lucerne, in central Switzerland, with Interlaken, in the Bernese Oberland. The line runs via Alpnachstad, Giswil, Meiringen and Brienz, and passes over the Brünig Pass, using sections of rack railway to overcome the gradients, but with most of the line operated by normal adhesion methods.

The line is 74 kilometres (46 mi) long. It opened in stages between 1888 and 1916, and was, between 1903 and 2004, the only narrow gauge line of the Swiss Federal Railways. Today the line forms part, along with the Luzern–Stans–Engelberg line, of the Zentralbahn company. The line is served by Panorama Express trains that operate the full length of the line, with regular (non-rack) Regio trains between Interlaken and Meiringen, and Lucerne S-Bahn trains between Lucerne and Giswil. The section between Hergiswil and Lucerne is shared with the Luzern–Stans–Engelberg line.
United States contract law
Contract law regulates the obligations established by agreement, whether express or implied, between private parties in the United States. The law of contracts varies from state to state; there is nationwide federal contract law in certain areas, such as contracts entered into pursuant to Federal Reclamation Law.

The law governing transactions involving the sale of goods has become highly standardized nationwide through widespread adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. There remains significant diversity in the interpretation of other kinds of contracts, depending upon the extent to which a given state has codified its common law of contracts or adopted portions of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts.

Melvin A. Eisenberg
Melvin A. Eisenberg (born 3 December 1934) is the Jesse H. Choper Professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley. After studying at Columbia University (1956) and Harvard University (1959), he worked in the firm Kaye Scholer Fierman Hays & Handler, as assistant counsel in the Warren Commission, and joined Berkeley in 1966. He is recognised as a leading scholar in US corporate law, and contract law, in both of which he has authored leading textbooks.

He has advised the American Law Institute on both the Restatement (Third) of Agency and Restatement (Third) of Restitution. From 1991 to 1993, he held the  Justice R. Ammi Cutter Chair at the institute. He was also Justin W. D'Atri Professor of Law, Business, and Society at Columbia University.

Eisenbeg received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1981. He is also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected in 1984.
St Denis Church, East Hatley
St Denis' Church, East Hatley is a deconsecrated church in East Hatley in Cambridgeshire, England. It is a listed building, Grade 2*, and the building and its churchyard (which is still consecrated) are a 200 square metre Local Nature Reserve. It is owned and managed by the Friends of Friendless Churches.

Friends of Friendless Churches
Friends of Friendless Churches (FoFC), also referred to as 'The Friends', is a registered charity formed in 1957, active in England and Wales, which campaigns for and rescues redundant historic places of worship threatened by demolition, decay, or inappropriate conversion.  As of December 2025, the charity cares for over 70 redundant churches, chapels, and meeting houses in England and Wales.
Petra Hajkova
Petra Hajkova (born 1973) FMedSci is a Professor of Developmental Epigenetics at the Imperial College London. She is also the Deputy Director of the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, where her research group Reprogramming and Chromatin is also hosted.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Mlynivtsi, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Mlynivtsi (Ukrainian: Млинівці) is a village in the Vyshnivets settlement hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Zbarazh Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Vyshnivets settlement hromada
Vyshnivets settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Вишнівецька селищна територіальна громада, romanized: Vyshnivetska selyshchna terytorialna hromada is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the urban-type settlement of Vyshnivets. Its population is 17,267 (2022 estimate) Established on 13 September 2016.
1985 French Open – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles tournament at the 1985 French Open was held from 27 May until 9 June 1985 on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. Heinz Günthardt and Martina Navratilova won the title, defeating Paula Smith and Francisco González in the final.

1985 French Open
The 1985 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 27 May until 9 June. It was the 84th staging of the French Open, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1985.

The event was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix and 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series.
WellCare
WellCare Health Plans, Inc. is an American health insurance company that provides managed care services primarily through Medicaid, Medicare Advantage and Medicare Prescription Drug plans for members across the United States.

WellCare began operations in 1985 and has its headquarters in Tampa, Florida. It became a subsidiary of Centene Corporation in January 2020.

Medicare Advantage
Medicare Advantage (Medicare Part C, prior to 2003 also Medicare+Choice or M+C) is a type of health plan in America offered by private companies as part of the original Social Security Act of 1965 that created Medicare. It permits a private insurance option that wraps around traditional Medicare. Medicare Advantage plans attempt to fill some coverage gaps and offer alternative coverage options.

Under Part C, Medicare pays a plan operator a fixed payment for each enrollee. The operator then pays for their medical expenses. Traditional Medicare directly compensates providers on a fee-for-service basis. Plans are offered by integrated health delivery systems, labor unions, non profit charities, and health insurance companies, which may limit enrollment to specific groups of people (such as union members).
Songbird (Kokia album)
Songbird (stylised as songbird) is Kokia's debut album, released on July 16, 1999 (1999-07-16). It is her only album released under Pony Canyon, the rest being released with Victor Entertainment or Wasabi Records.

The album was re-released in 2008, as Kokia Complete Collection 1998–1999, featuring the album as well bonus tracks from her Pony Canyon singles, "Aishiteiru Kara," "Tears in Love" and "Arigatō..."

Kokia considers the lead single from the album, "Arigatō...," to be one of her favourite songs. She wrote the song in the mid 1990s, about the death of her family's pet dog. She has re-recorded it three times: on her 2006 greatest album, Pearl: The Best Collection, on the 2007 Japanese release of Aigakikoeru: Listen for the Love and on the limited edition of her 2009 second greatest hits album, Coquillage: The Best Collection II.

In 2003, the songs "I Catch a Cold" and "Shiroi Yuki" were used in the soundtrack for the popular Chinese drama At the Dolphin Bay.

Aigakikoeru: Listen for the Love
Aigakikoeru: Listen for the Love is  Japanese singer Kokia's fifth album. It was originally released under Wasabi Records in France in November 2006, however was eventually released in Japan six months later. "Aigakikoeru" (standard Japanese "Ai ga Kikoeru" (愛が聴こえる)) means "Love Can Be Heard."

Two songs from the album feature on Kokia's 2009 greatest hits collection Coquillage: The Best Collection II: "Atatakai Basho" and a previously unpublished version of "Nukumori (Aigakikoeru)" featuring stringed instruments.
Ainslie, Australian Capital Territory
Ainslie is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the North Canberra district.

The suburb is bounded by Limestone Avenue and Majura Avenue to the west and north, Phillip Avenue to the north-east, Mount Ainslie to the east and Quick Street to the south.

Ainslie is within walking distance of the City, the nature trails of Mount Ainslie, the Australian War Memorial and the many restaurants of Dickson. It has many attractions: a central location, with equally easy access to the CBD and the bush trails of Mount Ainslie; the abundance of charming early twentieth-century, heritage-listed houses; mature deciduous street trees and general leafiness; and a vibrant local shopping centre.

Civic, Australian Capital Territory
Civic is the city centre or central business district of Canberra. "Civic" is a common name for the district, but it is also called Civic Centre, City Centre, Canberra City and Canberra, and its official division name is City.

Canberra's City was established in 1927. However, the division name City was not gazetted until 20 September 1928. Walter Burley Griffin's design for Canberra included a "Civic Centre" with a separate "Market Centre" located at what is now Russell. However then Prime Minister Stanley Bruce vetoed this idea and only the Civic Centre was developed; the idea of the Market Centre was abandoned.
Alfred Peet
Alfred H. Peet (March 10, 1920 – August 29, 2007) was a Dutch-American entrepreneur and the founder of Peet's Coffee & Tea in Berkeley, California, in 1966. Peet is widely credited with starting the specialty coffee revolution in the US. Among coffee historians, Peet has been called "the Dutchman who taught America how to drink coffee." Peet taught his style of roasting beans to Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker, who, with his blessing, took the technique to Seattle and founded Starbucks in 1971. Peet later distanced himself, however, from the Starbucks trio as they experimented with ultra-dark roasts. "Baldwin never learned anything from me," Peet was later quoted as saying.

Gordon Bowker
Gordon Albert Bowker (October 29, 1942 – August 21, 2025) was an American businessman who began his career as a writer and later co-founded Starbucks with Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl. He was later a co-owner of Peet's Coffee & Tea and Redhook Ale Brewery.
Bainsford
Bainsford is a small village within the Falkirk council area of Scotland. The village is situated in the Forth Valley, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the town of Falkirk. It is positioned between the River Carron and the Forth and Clyde Canal to the north and south respectively.

The main road through the village is the B902 road which connects the village with Carron and Falkirk. Bainsford has a population of just over 3,000 residents according to a 2009 estimate.

Carron, Falkirk
Carron (Scottish Gaelic: Carrann) is a village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. It is in the Forth Valley, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Falkirk, 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Grangemouth and 1⁄2 mile (0.8 km) southeast of Stenhousemuir. Carron is contiguous with village of Carronshore to the east.

Carron is north of the River Carron. The B902 road runs through Carron. The 2001 Census recorded Carron's population as 2,567.
Silvia Navarro (handballer)
Silvia Navarro Giménez (born 20 March 1979) is a Spanish handball goalkeeper for BM Remudas and formerly the Spanish national team.

She holds two bronze medals from the 2011 World Championships and 2012 London Summer Olympics.

Handball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's handball tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 28 July to 11 August. The preliminaries and quarter-finals were held at the Copper Box and the semi-finals and final took place at the Basketball Arena.

Twelve nations were represented in the tournament. The four best teams from each group advanced to a knockout round, while the 5th and 6th teams in each group were classified 9th–12th by the results of their group matches. Unlike in previous Olympics, there was no placement matches involving the losing teams of the quarterfinals.

Norway won the tournament and gold medal, beating Montenegro in the final. Montenegro's silver was the first Olympic medal for the country as an independent nation, and the country's only medal at the 2012 Games. Spain won the bronze medal.
Amphissa (daughter of Macareus)
In Greek mythology, Amphissa (Ancient Greek: Ἄμφισσα) or simply, Issa (/ˈiːsɑː/; Ἴσσα) was the daughter of Macareus and a lover of Apollo. She was the eponym of the city Amphissa in Ozolian Locris, where her memory was perpetuated by a splendid monument.

Gaius Julius Hyginus
Gaius Julius Hyginus (/hɪˈdʒaɪnəs/; c. 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the scholar Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Augustus, and reputed author of the Fabulae and the De astronomia, although this is disputed.
John Haldon
John Frederick Haldon FBA (born 23 October 1948 in Newcastle upon Tyne) is a British historian, and Shelby Cullom Davis '30 Professor of European History emeritus, professor of Byzantine history and Hellenic Studies emeritus, as well as former director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies at Princeton University. He presided over the International Association of Byzantine Studies from 2016 to 2022.

Austrian Academy of Sciences
The Austrian Academy of Sciences (German: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; ÖAW) is a legal entity under the special protection of the Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research.
Jewelers Row District
41°52′56″N 87°37′34″W﻿ / ﻿41.882087°N 87.626163°W﻿ / 41.882087; -87.626163

The Jewelers Row District is a historic district in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois in the United States.  Running along Wabash Avenue, primarily between East Washington Street and East Monroe Street, the buildings in the district were built between 1872 and 1941 and were designed by many architects, including Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, John Mills Van Osdel, Adler & Sullivan, Alfred Alschuler, D. H. Burnham & Co., and Holabird & Roche in a variety of styles, including Italianate, Chicago School, and Art Deco.  The buildings are variously loft buildings used for small manufacturers, mercantile buildings, office buildings and early skyscrapers.

The district was designated a Chicago Landmark on July 9, 2003. Three identical historical markers about the district can be found on lampposts within the district.

D. H. Burnham & Company
D.H. Burnham and Company was an architecture firm based in Chicago, Illinois. As successor to Burnham and Root, the name was changed once John Root died in 1891. Root was the chief consulting architect for the World's Columbian Exposition. After Root's death, Daniel Burnham took that title along with his old title of Chief of Construction.
Iraqi Airways
Iraqi Airways Company (Arabic: الخطوط الجوية العراقية, romanized: al-Xuṭūṭ al-Jawwiyyah al-ʿIrāqiyyah), operating as Iraqi Airways, is the national carrier of Iraq, headquartered on the grounds of Baghdad International Airport in Baghdad. It is the second oldest airline in the Middle East. Iraqi Airways operates domestic and regional services; its main base is Baghdad International Airport.

Vickers Viscount
The Vickers Viscount is a retired British medium-range turboprop airliner first flown in 1948 by Vickers-Armstrongs. A design requirement from the Brabazon Committee, it entered service in 1953 and was the first turboprop-powered airliner.

The Viscount was well received by the public for its cabin conditions, which included pressurisation, reductions in vibration and noise, and panoramic windows. It became one of the most successful and profitable of the first postwar transport aircraft; 445 Viscounts were built for a range of international customers, including in North America.
Dustin Jacoby
Dustin Anthony Jacoby (born April 4, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist and former kickboxer. He currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). In kickboxing, he has competed for GLORY, and in MMA, he has also competed for Bellator, World Series of Fighting, and Titan FC. He has fought as both a Light Heavyweight and a Middleweight. On November 1, 2018, he was ranked as the #8 middleweight kickboxer in the world by Combat Press.

As of February 10, 2026, he is #14 in the UFC light heavyweight rankings.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).