hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Cypress Bayou
Cypress Bayou is the name applied to a series of wetlands at the western edge of Caddo Lake, in and around Jefferson, Texas, making up part of the largest Cypress forest in the world. The bayou is divided into three areas—each part of the watershed of a small river or creek—Little Cypress, Big  Cypress, and Black Cypress. The features had been modified, to an extent, by human beings in the 19th and 20th centuries, but today is endangered by pollution, development, and the deforestation, through clear cutting, of the Piney Woods that surround the bayous. Large groves of trees have completely died off, and land has been recently deforested up to the water's edge.

Caddo Lake
Caddo Lake (French: Lac Caddo) is a 25,400-acre (10,300 ha) lake and bayou (wetland) on the border between Texas and Louisiana, in northern Harrison County and southern Marion County in Texas and western Caddo Parish in Louisiana. The lake is named after the Caddoans or Caddo, Native Americans who lived in the area until their expulsion by the United States in the 19th century. The US forced most of them to move west to Indian Territory.

The lake and bayou comprise an internationally protected wetland under the Ramsar Convention and includes one of the largest flooded cypress forests in the United States. Caddo is one of Texas's few non-oxbow natural lakes. It was artificially altered by the addition of a dam in the 1900s.
2014 Pac-12 Conference football season
The 2014 Pac-12 Conference football season was the fourth season of college football for the Pac-12 Conference as a 12-team league. The season began on Thursday, August 28, 2014, and the first conference game was on Saturday, September 6, 2014, when USC played at Stanford. The final game was the Pac-12 Championship Game at Levi's Stadium on December 5, 2014, with FOX televising the game. The Oregon Ducks defeated the Arizona Wildcats, 51–13 for the conference championship and went on to play in the College Football Playoff. The Ducks defeated the Florida State Seminoles 59–20 in the semifinal game in the Rose Bowl, but lost to the Ohio State Buckeyes 42–20 in the championship game.

2014 Washington State Cougars football team
The 2014 Washington State Cougars football team represented Washington State University during the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by third-year head coach Mike Leach and played their home games at Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington. They were members of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference.  They finished the season with a 3–9 overall record and a 2–7 mark in conference play to finish in a tie for fifth place in the North Division.
1961 Indiana Collegiate Conference football season
The 1961 Indiana Collegiate Conference football season was the season of college football played by the seven member schools of the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) as part of the 1961 college football season.

The 1961 Butler Bulldogs football team, in their 21st year under head coach Tony Hinkle,  defeated all six conference opponents to win the conference championship and compiled a perfect 9–0 overall record.

The 1961 Valparaiso Crusaders football team, in their 16th year under head coach Emory Bauer, compiled a 7–2 record (5–1 in conference games) and finished in second place in the ICC.

Emory Bauer
Emory George Bauer (February 13, 1913 – October 1, 1989) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Concordia Teachers College—now known as Concordia University Chicago–in River Forest, Illinois from 1941 to 1942 and at Valparaiso University from 1946 to 1967, compiling a career college football record of 114–89–8. Bauer was also the head basketball coach at Valparaiso for one season in 1947–48, tallying a mark of 8–15, and the school's head baseball coach from 1954 to 1981, amassing a record of 361–243–2. He was Valparaiso's athletic director from 1970 to 1975.
Rugops
Rugops (meaning 'wrinkle face') is a monospecific genus of basal abelisaurid theropod dinosaur  that lived during the Late Cretaceous period (Cenomanian stage, approximately 95 million years ago) in what is now the Echkar Formation in Niger. The type and only species, Rugops primus, is known only from a partial skull. It was named and described in 2004 by Paul Sereno, Jeffery Wilson and Jack Conrad. Rugops has an estimated length of 4.4–5.3 metres (14–17 ft) and weight of 410 kilograms (900 lb). The top of its skull bears several pits which correlates with overlaying scale and the front of the snout would have had an armour-like dermis.

Fenestra
A fenestra (fenestration; pl.: fenestrae or fenestrations) is any small opening or pore, commonly used as a term in the biological sciences. It is the Latin word for "window", and is used in various fields to describe a pore in an anatomical structure.
Kaisei (ship)
STS Kaisei (海星), meaning “Sea Star” in the Japanese language, is a steel-hulled brigantine designed by Polish naval architect Ryszard Langer. It was built as a schooner in Elbląg, Poland in 1987. After re-rigging it is now a two-masted vessel, square rigged on the foremast, with fore-and-aft sails on the mainmast.

Brigantine
A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square-rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.

Older usages are looser; in addition to the rigorous definition above (attested from 1695), the Oxford English Dictionary includes two c. 1525 definitions: "a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing, swifter and more easily manœuvred than larger ships" and "(loosely) various kinds of foreign sailing and rowing vessels, as the galleon, galliot, etc."

Modern American definitions include vessels without any square sail(s) on the main mast.
Asaak
Asaak, Arsacia (Latin) or Arshak (Parthian) was an ancient city which was a capital and royal necropolis of the Parthian Empire. Many of the Parthian kings such as Arsaces I were crowned in Asaak.

Some has suggested it to be identified with the Old City near Quchan, Iran in the upper Atrek River valley.

Quchan
Quchan (Persian: قوچان; pronounced [quˈtʃɑːn, ɢoˈtʃɒːn]) is a city in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is approximately 97 km south of the border city of Ashgabat, capital city of the neighboring country Turkmenistan.

The city of Quchan has been considered in the past due to its historical location, including having 140 historical monuments and having 32 monuments registered in the list of national monuments and 20 attractive tourist areas. Nader Shah was assassinated on 20 June 1747, at Quchan in Khorasan.

This city has trained famous scholars, mystics, thinkers, poets and heroes. Heroes such as Jafar Gholi Zangli and Noei khaboushani and Ahmad Vafadar who technically struck the heroes Abbas Zandi and Gholamreza Takhti and won the wrestling armband for three consecutive national championships.
Wintersberg (Spessart)
Wintersberg  is a wooded hill of Hesse, Germany. It lies in the Mittelgebirge Spessart, in the district of Main-Kinzig near the town of Bad Orb. The highest elevation is 434 meters above NHN.

Wintersberg divides the valley of the Hasel from that of the Orb. To the east it connects to neighbouring Wegscheide hill, where the prisoner-of-war camp Stalag IX-B was located (it serves as a summer camp for children today).

Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Main-Kinzig-Kreis is a Kreis (district) in the east of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Wetteraukreis, Vogelsbergkreis, Fulda, Bad Kissingen in Hesse and Main-Spessart and Aschaffenburg in Bavaria. The district-free cities of Offenbach, Frankfurt, and Hanau (since 2026) also border the district.
Claude Gallimard
Claude Gallimard (10 January 1914 – 29 April 1991) was a French publisher and business leader.

The son of Gaston Gallimard, he was, from 1976 to 1988, the head of the publishing house Gallimard, founded by his father in 1911.

Gaston Gallimard
Gaston Gallimard (French: [ɡalimaːʁ]; 18 January 1881 – 25 December 1975) was a French publisher.

He founded La Nouvelle Revue Française in 1908, together with André Gide and Jean Schlumberger.
In 1911 the trio established La Nouvelle Revue Française. In 1919, he created his own publishing house, named Librairie Gallimard, though he continued to work closely with the NRF. Éditions Gallimard is one of the leading French publishing houses.

In  World War II during the German occupation of Paris a "round-table" of French and German intellectuals met at the Georges V Hotel including Gallimard, the writers Ernst Jünger, Paul Morand, Jean Cocteau, and Henry Millon de Montherlant and the legal scholar Carl Schmitt.

Gallimard, in October 1932, founded the Marianne (magazine: 1932-40).
Kate Wassum
Kate Wassum is an American neuroscientist and professor of behavioral neuroscience at the University of California, Los Angeles. Wassum probes the neural circuits underlying appetitive associative learning the circuit dynamics that give rise to diverse motivated behaviors.

The Journal of Neuroscience
The Journal of Neuroscience is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society for Neuroscience (SfN). It covers empirical research on all aspects of neuroscience. Its editor-in-chief is Sabine Kastner (Princeton University), who succeeded Marina Picciotto (Yale University) in 2024. According to the latest Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 4.0.
Messengers of Peace (Scouting)
The Messengers of Peace (MoP) programme is an initiative by the World Organization of the Scout Movement, which along with the Scouts of the World Award and the World Scout Environment Programmes form the Better World Framework programme. Since 2011, Scouts have committed to projects, of various scales, to make the world a more peaceful place and logged their hours on the Messengers of Peace Global Network site. Projects fall into three categories: Personal, Community, Environment.

The initiative is supported by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and King Carl XVI Gustaf, and follows on from the Gifts of Peace initiative to mark the centenary of Scouting in 2007. Funding has been made available to support The Messengers of Peace Support Fund.

Former President of Nigeria,  Olusegun Obasanjo has been appointed as a Messenger of Peace Ambassador by the Africa Scout Region.

Africa Scout Region (World Organization of the Scout Movement)
The Africa Scout Region is the divisional office of the World Scout Bureau of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, with satellite offices in Cape Town, South Africa, and Dakar, Senegal. The Africa Region services Scouting in Sub-Saharan Africa and neighboring islands that are recognized members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). Currently, the region has 39 member National Scout Associations/Organizations and 11 potential members. There are about one million registered Scouts in Africa, though it is suspected that there are about twice that number in the region. The large nations of Guinea-Bissau and the Central African Republic, and several smaller nations, are not yet WOSM members, for various reasons.

This region is the counterpart of the Africa Region of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).
Kawthaung District
11°03′N 98°51′E﻿ / ﻿11.050°N 98.850°E﻿ / 11.050; 98.850

Kawthoung District (Burmese: ကော့သောင်ခရိုင်) is a district of Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar. The district covers an area of 9,178 km2, and had a population of 221,738 at the 2014 census.

Districts of Myanmar
Districts (Burmese: ခရိုင်, Kharuing; IPA: [kʰəjàiɰ̃]) are the second-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the subdivisions of the regions and states of Myanmar. Districts are in turn are subdivided into townships, then towns, wards and villages. Prior to 2022, there were 76 districts in Myanmar. The number of districts was expanded to a total of 121 on 30 April 2022 through Notification 319/2022 through 333/2022 under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs with the most new districts going to Shan State and Yangon Region.

The district's role is more supervisory as the townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance. A district is led by a district administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution.
Bucculatrix thoracella
Bucculatrix thoracella, the lime bent-wing, is species of moth in the family Bucculatricidae, and was first described in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg as Tinea thoracella. It is found throughout Europe with exception of Ireland and the Balkan Peninsula, and in Japan, where it occurs on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu.

Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are known as linden or lime for the European and Asian species, and linden or basswood for North American species and more generally in American literature. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, but the genus also occurs widely in Europe and eastern North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae. Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners.
2 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 4 is the fourth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Hebron. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel, and a section comprising 2 Samuel 2–8 which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.

2 Samuel 2
2 Samuel 2 is the second chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David becoming king over Judah in Hebron. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel, and a section comprising 2 Samuel 2–8 which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.
The Letter of Marque
The Letter of Marque  is the twelfth historical novel in the Aubrey–Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian, first published in 1988. The story is set during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812.

Aubrey faces life off the Navy List, as the captain of a letter of marque, finding heart to endure and train yet another ship's crew, but of volunteers, with no Marines aboard. Maturin travels to meet his wife.

This novel received strongly positive reviews, for the characterizations and the naval actions. "O'Brian is a brilliant stylist of sea-historicals" in this "authentic and engaging" novel. The two principal characters, "bluff, hearty Aubrey and reedy, intellectual Maturin", return for an exciting story with accurate historical depictions. "Jack's seamanship and heroism are complemented by Stephen's absent-minded brilliance . . . in this swift, witty tale of money and love." Richard Snow called it a "self-contained and satisfying story."

Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville
Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, KT, PC, FRS (14 March 1771 – 10 June 1851) was a British statesman, the son of Henry Dundas, the 1st Viscount. Dundas was the Member of Parliament for Hastings in 1794, Rye in 1796 and Midlothian in 1801. He was also Keeper of the Signet for Scotland from 1800. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1807, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1817, a Knight of the Thistle in 1821, and was Chancellor of the University of St Andrews from 1814. Melville filled various political offices and was First Lord of the Admiralty from 1812 to 1827 and from 1828 to 1830.
2012 Men's Asian Champions Trophy
The 2012 Men's Asian Champions Trophy was the second edition of the Men's Asian Champions Trophy. The tournament was held from 20 to 27 December 2012 in Doha, Qatar. The top six Asian teams (India, Oman, Pakistan, China, Malaysia and Japan) participated in the tournament, which involved round-robin league among all teams followed by play-offs for final positions.

India, the defending champions, were beaten 5-4 by Pakistan in the final.

Men's Asian Champions Trophy
The Men's Asian Champions Trophy is an event held annually by the Asian Hockey Federation since 2011. It features Asia's six top field hockey teams in the hockey season competing in a round robin format. India is the most successful team in the tournament history, winning the trophy five times. The next most frequent champion has been Pakistan, winning the trophy thrice.

India won the 2024 edition against China 1–0 in the final. At the 2018 edition, the final between India and Pakistan was abandoned due to heavy rainfall and the two nations were declared joint winners.
Nikolaus Gjelsvik
Nikolaus Gjelsvik (11 April 1866 –14 November 1938) was a Norwegian jurist and law professor.

He was born at Vevring Municipality in Sunnfjord. He served as a professor at the University of Kristiania (now University of Oslo) from 1906.

Among his works are the books Innleiding i rettsstudiet from 1912, Lærebok i folkerett from 1915, and Lærebok i millomfolkeleg privatrett from 1918. He was a proponent for the Nynorsk language,  took part in organisational work, and had leading positions in the publishing house Det Norske Samlaget and in the societies Noregs Ungdomslag and Noregs Mållag.

Marshals at his funeral were Nicolai Rygg and Ferdinand Schjelderup.

Noregs Mållag
Noregs Mållag (literally "Language Organisation of Norway") is the main organisation for Norwegian Nynorsk (New Norwegian), one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language. In the Norwegian language conflict, it advocates the use of Nynorsk. In 2025 it had 16,426 individual members. It consists of approximately 200 local groups, including the youth organisation, Norsk Målungdom.
Quay Dash
Quay Dash (born 17 September 1992), is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. Quay Dash's music incorporates elements of rap, industrial hip-hop, experimental pop, and boom bap. She has also been associated with the hyperpop music scene, having collaborated with artists such as SOPHIE, Sega Bodega, and Dorian Electra. Quay Dash rose to prominence after being discovered by close collaborator and friend Contessa Stuto, releasing her first single "Satan's Angel" in 2013 under Contessa's label, Cunt Mafia.  Following a series of additional singles, Quay Dash released her debut EP, "Transphobic," on September 17, 2016.

Dorian Electra
Dorian Electra Fridkin Gomberg (born June 25, 1992) is an American singer and songwriter. Electra is known for their non-conforming fashion, queer aesthetics, and experimental pop sound. Their debut studio album, Flamboyant, was released in 2019, followed by their second studio album, My Agenda, in 2020. They released their third studio album, Fanfare, in 2023. Electra is genderfluid and uses they/them pronouns.
Murray Bourchier
Brigadier Sir Murray William James Bourchier, CMG, DSO, VD (4 April 1881 – 16 December 1937) was an Australian soldier and politician. He was Deputy Premier of Victoria from April 1935 until June 1936.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.
Naphtali Cohen
Naphtali Cohen (1649–1718), also known as Naphtali HaKohen Katz, was a Russo-German rabbi and kabalist born in Ostrowo in Ukraine. He belonged to a family of rabbis in Ostrowo, where his father, Isaac Cohen, a great-great-grandson of the Judah Loew ben Bezalel, had fled during the Polish–Cossack–Tatar War.

Judah Loew ben Bezalel
Judah Loew ben Bezalel (Hebrew: יהודה ליווא בן בצלאל; c. 1524 – 17 September 1609), also known as Rabbi Loew (alt. Löw, Loewe, Löwe or Levai), the Maharal of Prague (Hebrew: מהר״ל מפראג), or simply the Maharal (the Hebrew acronym of "Moreinu ha-Rav Loew", "Our Teacher, Rabbi Loew"), was an important Talmudic scholar, Jewish mystic, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who, for most of his life, served as a leading rabbi in the cities of Mikulov in Moravia and Prague in Bohemia.

Loew wrote on Jewish philosophy and Jewish mysticism. His work Gur Aryeh al HaTorah is a supercommentary on Rashi's Torah commentary. He is also the subject of a later legend that he created the Golem of Prague, an animate being fashioned from clay.
Irving G. Williams
Irving Gregory Williams (March 17, 1915 – July 17, 2008) was an American historian, author, and educator who specialized in the history of the vice presidency of the United States.

Williams was born in Brooklyn, New York to Charles Thomas Williams and Margaret Gardner Williams. He attended St. John's University and received both a B.A. (1936) and M.A. (1938). His master's thesis topic was "A study in diplomatic origins - the Anglo-French entente of 1904," and the thesis was signed by Dr. Arpad F. Kovacs (History), the Rev. Frederick J. Russell (Philosophy), and Professor Thaddeus F. O'Reilly (Social Science). He received his Ph.D. from New York University in 1953 with a two-volume dissertation on "The Vice-Presidency of the United States in the Twentieth Century: History, Practices, and Problems." In it, he thanked Ralph B. Flanders of the History Department and Edward C. Smith of the Government Department.

William H. Sadlier, Inc.
William H. Sadlier, Inc. is an American educational publishing company that publishes educational content, software, and services for pre-K-12. It is based in New York City, U.S.

William H. Sadlier is one of the oldest family-owned publishing company in the United States.
Structure of the Swedish Home Guard
The following is an overview of the Swedish Home Guard's operational and peacetime organization. The Swedish Home Guard is commanded by the Chief of Defence based at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in Stockholm.

Kalmar County
Kalmar County (Swedish: Kalmar län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland.

The counties are mainly administrative units. Geographically Kalmar County covers the eastern part in the Småland province, and the entire island of Öland.