hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dark Souls II: The Lost Crowns
Dark Souls II: The Lost Crowns is a set of three downloadable content packs for the 2014 action role-playing game Dark Souls II. The first of the trio, Crown of the Sunken King was released in July 2014 and was followed by Crown of the Old Iron King in August and Crown of the Ivory King in September. The DLC, developed by FromSoftware and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, were met with positive reception and drew praise for returning to the complex interlocking and looping level design of Dark Souls.

Polygon (website)
Polygon is an American entertainment website created by Vox Media covering video games, movies, television, comics, and other popular culture. At its October 2012 launch as Vox Media's third property, Polygon sought to distinguish itself by focusing on the stories of the people behind video games and long-form magazine-style feature articles.

The site was built over the course of ten months by eight co-founding editors which included the editors-in-chief of the gaming sites Joystiq, Kotaku and The Escapist. Vox Media produced a documentary series on the founding of the site. In May 2025, Polygon was sold to Valnet.
Changkat Constituency
Changkat Constituency was a constituency in Tampines, Singapore. It lasted for a single term from 1984 to 1988, being initially carved out from  Tampines Constituency before being merged into Tampines Group Representation Constituency (GRC). Its last Member of Parliament was Aline Wong of the People's Action Party.

Tampines Group Representation Constituency
The Tampines Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in eastern Singapore. It has five divisions: Tampines Boulevard, Tampines Central, Tampines East, Tampines North and Tampines West, managed by Tampines Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) are Baey Yam Keng, Charlene Chen, David Neo, Masagos Zulkifli and Koh Poh Koon from the People's Action Party (PAP).
Campanulariidae
Campanulariidae is a family of hydrozoans in the phylum Cnidaria, or stinging-celled animals. Campanulariidae is composed entirely of hydoids, a Greek term meaning "water animals" applied to the plant-like polyp colonies of the class Hydrozoa. All species of the Campanulariidae are aquatic in habitat, primarily inhabiting coastal regions and tidal pools.

Obelia contains probably the most well-known species of this phylum, and include four species. All are around 20–35 cm in height with a series of branches carrying the individual polyps. One species, Obelia longissima, is unique for its ability to produce obelin, a photoprotein which allows for bioluminescence.

The genus Laomedea includes such species as Laomedea angulata and Laomedea flexuosa, which are similar in appearance to the Obelia, though they are smaller and lack a medusa stage present in Obelia.

Obelia longissima
Obelia longissima is a colonial species of hydrozoan in the order Leptomedusae. Its hydroid form grows as feathery stems resembling seaweed from a basal stolon. It is found in many temperate and cold seas world-wide but is absent from the tropics.
Elm Creek (Nueces River tributary)
See Elm Creek (Rio Grande tributary) for the tributary of the Rio Grande, in Maverick County, Texas.

Elm Creek is one of two streams of that name in Kinney County, Texas, and Maverick County, Texas.  Elm Creek, considered by some as the upper part of Chacon Creek, with its mouth at the conjunction with Salado Creek, at the head of Chacon Creek, is a tributary of the Nueces River.  Its source is in Kinney County, Texas, in the Texas Hill Country northeast of Brackettville.

Kinney County, Texas
Kinney County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,129. Its county seat is Brackettville. The county was created in 1850 and later organized in 1874. It is named for Henry Lawrence Kinney, an early settler.

Kinney County's self-proclaimed biggest issue since the 2010s is undocumented immigration from Mexico through the county. The county claims it does not have the resources to deal with the large number of migrants, and in 2021 proclaimed a state of emergency.
Wikimania
Wikimania is the Wikimedia movement's annual conference, organized by the community of contributors and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. Topics of presentations and discussions include Wikimedia projects such as Wikipedia, other wikis, open-source software, free knowledge and free content, and social and technical aspects related to these topics.

Since 2011, the winner of the Wikimedian of the Year award (known as the "Wikipedian of the Year" until 2017) has been announced at Wikimania.

Answers.com
Answers.com (previously WikiAnswers and originally GuruNet)  is an Internet-based knowledge exchange. The Answers.com domain name was purchased by entrepreneurs Bill Gross and Henrik Jones at idealab in 1996. The domain name was acquired by NetShepard and subsequently sold to GuruNet and then AFCV Holdings. The website is now the primary product of the Answers Corporation. It has tens of millions of user-generated questions and answers, and provides a website where registered users can interact with one another.
Fairchild tangerine
The Fairchild tangerine is a cross between a Clementine mandarin and an Orlando tangelo. The skin is thin with a deep orange color, is somewhat pebbly, and doesn't peel as easily as some other tangerines. It is juicy with a rich and sweet flavour and contains seeds. It is a popular variety in the United States, available from October until the middle of January and especially during the winter holidays. The Fairchild tangerine is one of California's most heavily planted varieties.

Fairchild tangerines are sometimes found with the stem and leaves still attached. The Chinese believe the stems and leaves attached to the tangerine are a symbol of prosperity and good luck.

Tangelo
The tangelo (/ˈtændʒəloʊ/ TAN-jə-loh, /tænˈdʒɛloʊ/ tan-JEL-oh; C. reticulata × C. maxima or × C. paradisi), Citrus × tangelo, is a citrus fruit hybrid of a Citrus reticulata variety, such as mandarin orange or tangerine, and a Citrus maxima variety, such as a pomelo or grapefruit.  The name is a portmanteau of 'tangerine' and 'pomelo'.

Tangelos are the size of an adult fist, have a tart and tangy taste, and are juicy (with less flesh inside). They generally have loose skin and are easier to peel than oranges, readily distinguished from them by a characteristic bump at the stem. Tangelos can be used as a substitute for mandarin oranges or sweet oranges.
Hermann Edward Hasse
Hermann Edward Hasse (12 January 1836 – 29 October 1915) was an American lichenologist. He wrote two important texts and numerous articles in his field.
Hassea, which is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes, and Lecidea hassei, a lichen that grows inside solid rock (endolithic lichen), were both named in his honor. He principally did his research in southern California. His correspondents included cryptogamic botanist William Gilson Farlow and lichenologist George Knox Merrill. After his death the Sullivant Moss Society with  Charles Christian Plitt as editor distributed lichen material collected by Hasse as exsiccata work under the title Lichenes exsiccati ex herb. Dr. H. E. Hasse relicti.

George Knox Merrill
George Knox Merrill (16 October 1864 –21 October 1927) was an American lichenologist. He was a leading exponent of lichenology in the early 20th century. He was particularly interested in species of the family Cladoniaceae, in which he published several new species, varieties, and forms. In 1909 he started publishing the series Lichenes Exsiccati, which he continued intermittently until 1927; more than 400 specimen items were presented in two exsiccata series.

Merrill was born in Lewiston, Maine, to John Merrill (a farmer) and Jane Prescott. He attended public schools in Lewiston, and later, in Boston where he and his mother moved after his father died. He entered Harvard University but never finished a degree there. Around this time he took up an interest in journalism and started writing articles for the newspaper The Beverly Citizen. Merrill was also a chess player of note, and once won the state championship of Maine.
Gmina Tarczyn
Gmina Tarczyn is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Tarczyn, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Piaseczno and 29 km (18 mi) south-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 114.15 square kilometres (44.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,522 (out of which the population of Tarczyn amounts to 3,886, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,636).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Chojnów Landscape Park.

Piaseczno
Piaseczno ([pʲaˈsɛt͡ʂnɔ] ⓘ) is a town in east-central Poland with 47,660 inhabitants. It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, just south of Warsaw, approximately 16 kilometres (10 miles) south of its center. It is a residential area and a suburb of Warsaw. It is the capital city of Piaseczno County.

Founded in the medieval period, Piaseczno is a former royal city of Poland, which once housed a Polish Royal palace. It was the site of several Polish clashes against foreign invaders and occupiers.
1982 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1982 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 85th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

St Rynagh's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 19 October 1982 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between St Rynagh's and Lusmagh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Rynagh's won the match by 2–09 to 0–11 to claim their 12th championship title overall and a second championship title in succession.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
Paduli
Paduli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania. It is located on a rocky spur between the Calore and Tammaro rivers, about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 9 km northeast of Benevento.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
COGCON
COGCON ("continuity of government readiness condition") is a United States government readiness level, roughly analogous to the DEFCON alert state system, tracking the readiness of the government in the event of an emergency.

For example, the Raven Rock Mountain Complex, otherwise known as Site R, will act as an alternative military command centre in the event that other primary command posts are taken offline during an emergency.

Alert state
An alert state or state of alert is an indication of the state of readiness of the armed forces for military action or a state against natural disasters, terrorism or military attack. The term frequently used is "on high alert". Examples scales indicating alert state are the DEFCON levels of the US military, South Korea's "Jindogae" system, and the UK Threat Levels. High alert states are synonymous with "red alert".
Abductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning (also called abduction, abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from a set of observations. It was formulated and advanced by the American philosopher and logician Charles Sanders Peirce beginning in the latter half of the 19th century.

Abductive reasoning, unlike deductive reasoning, yields a plausible conclusion but does not definitively verify it. Abductive conclusions do not eliminate uncertainty or doubt, which is expressed in terms such as "best available" or "most likely". While inductive reasoning draws general conclusions that apply to many situations, abductive conclusions are confined to the particular observations in question.

In the 1990s, as computing power grew, the fields of law, computer science, and artificial intelligence research spurred renewed interest in the subject of abduction.
Diagnostic expert systems frequently employ abduction.

Belief revision
Belief revision (also called belief change) is the process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information. The logical formalization of belief revision is researched in philosophy, in databases, and in artificial intelligence for the design of rational agents.

What makes belief revision non-trivial is that several different ways for performing this operation may be possible. For example, if the current knowledge includes the three facts " is true", " is true" and "if  and  are true then  is true", the introduction of the new information " is false" can be done preserving consistency only by removing at least one of the three facts. In this case, there are at least three different ways for performing revision. In general, there may be several different ways for changing knowledge.
Château de Hélicourt
Château de Hélicourt was a castle near Tilloy-Floriville, Picardy, France. The former King of Scotland, John Balliol, retired to the castle after being released by Pope Boniface VIII and ended his days at the castle in 1314.

Hélicourt was confiscated from Edward Balliol by King Philip VI of France in 1338 and was placed under control of the French Crown. The castle came under siege in 1340, during King Edward III of England's summer campaign against France. The castle remained in royal hands until 1355, when it was granted to Jacques de Bourbon, Count of La Marche.

The castle was captured by an Anglo-Bourguignon force and destroyed in 1422 on the orders of Richard Beauchamp, Count of Aumale.

Edward Balliol
Edward Balliol or Edward de Balliol (Scottish Gaelic: Èideard Balliol; c. 1283 – January 1364) was a claimant to the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence.  With English help, he ruled parts of the kingdom from 1332 to 1356.
74181
The 74181 is a 4-bit slice arithmetic logic unit (ALU), implemented as a 7400 series TTL integrated circuit. Introduced by Texas Instruments in February 1970, it was the first complete ALU on a single chip. It was used as the arithmetic/logic core in the CPUs of many historically significant minicomputers and other devices.

The 74181 represents an evolutionary step between the CPUs of the 1960s, which were constructed using discrete logic gates, and single-chip microprocessors of the 1970s. Although no longer used in commercial products, the 74181 later was used in hands-on computer architecture courses and is still referenced in textbooks and technical papers.

Bitwise operation
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most architectures provide only a few high value bitwise operations, presented as two-operand instructions where the result replaces one of the input operands.

On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources.
Ghetto Cowboy
"Ghetto Cowboy" is the lead single by American hip hop collective Mo Thugs taken from their second studio album Chapter II: Family Reunion, released in 1998 via Mo Thugs/Relativity Records. It features contributions from Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone, Powder P, Thug Queen and Layzie Bone's wife Felecia. Produced by Krayzie Bone with co-production by Romeo Antonio.

The single peaked at 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 while also reaching the top spot on the Hot Rap Singles chart. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 17, 1998 for sales of 500,000 copies and also made it to No. 87 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1999 as one of the most popular singles of the year.

Mo Thugs
Mo Thugs is an American hip hop collective formed and led by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Their logo, a pyramid with a fist above it, is symbolic of their achievements; The pyramid stands for longevity, and the fist stands for victory.
Zhangzheng
Zhangzheng (Chinese: 掌政; pinyin: Zhǎngzhèng) is a town under the administration of Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China. As of 2020, it administers Hengcheng Huayuan Community (横城花园社区) and the following 12 villages:

Zhangzheng Village

Chunlin Village (春林村)

Walu Village (洼路村)

Wuduqiao Village (五渡桥村)

Zhenhe Village (镇河村)

Kongque Village (孔雀村)

Yongnan Village (永南村)

Jianfuqiao Village (碱富桥村)

Qiangjiamiao Village (强家庙村)

Yangjiazhai Village (杨家寨村)

Maosheng Village (茂盛村)

Hengcheng Village (横城村)

Yinchuan
Yinchuan (Chinese: 银川; pinyin: Yínchuān; lit. "Silver River") is a prefecture‑level city and the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China. It served as the imperial capital of the Tangut‑led Western Xia (1038–1227).

Yinchuan hosts the biennial China–Arab States Expo. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Yinchuan’s administrative area had 2,859,074 inhabitants; the built‑up area had 2,564,918 residents, comprising the three urban districts and the urbanized parts of Helan and Yongning counties. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 2,914,700, an increase of 66,600 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 2,429,400.
University of Neyshabur
The University of Neyshabur (or Nishapur) (Persian: دانشگاه نیشابور) is a public university in Nishapur, Iran. Its main campus consists of three faculties located on the northwest of the residential area of the city. The University of Neyshabur also has an off-campus fine arts faculty. For ease of transportation, a campus bus line is in service between the campus and the site (campus) of the fine arts faculty. Up until its academic independence, the University of Neyshabur had been an affiliate of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause progressive impairment of muscles. EDMD affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), causing atrophy, weakness, and contractures. It almost always affects the heart, causing abnormal rhythms, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. It is rare, affecting 0.39 per 100,000 (1 per 250,000) people. It is named after Alan Eglin H. Emery and Fritz E. Dreifuss.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
Heterochaenia
Heterochaenia is a genus of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae which are native to Réunion.

Species include:

Heterochaenia borbonica Badre & Cadet

Heterochaenia ensifolia A.DC.

Heterochaenia rivalsii Badre & Cadet

Heterochaenia fragrans H.Thomas, Félicité & Adolphe

Heterochaenia borbonica
Heterochaenia borbonica is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It was described by Frederic Jean Badré and Thérésien Cadet in 1972. The species is entirely endemic to the island of Réunion, Mascarene Islands.
William Alison
William Pulteney Alison FRSE FRCPE FSA (12 November 1790 – 22 September 1859) was a Scottish physician, social reformer and philanthropist. He was a distinguished professor of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He served as president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh (1833), president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1836–38), and vice-president of the British Medical Association, convening its meeting in Edinburgh in 1858.

New Town, Edinburgh
The New Town is a central area of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It was built in stages between 1767 and around 1850, and retains much of its original neo-classical and Georgian architecture. Its best-known street is Princes Street, facing Edinburgh Castle and the Old Town across the geological depression of the former Nor Loch. The area's New Town Gardens received a heritage designation in 2001. The combined New Town, Old Town, and West End were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.
Marropino mine
The Marropino mine is a large mine located in the northern part of Mozambique in Zambezia Province. Marropino represents one of the largest tantalum reserves in Mozambique having estimated reserves of 21.7 million tonnes of ore grading 0.019% tantalum.

Tantalum
Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology. Tantalum is a very hard, ductile, lustrous, blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys. It is a group 5 element, along with vanadium and niobium, and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite, columbite, and coltan.

The chemical inertness and very high melting point of tantalum make it valuable for laboratory and industrial equipment such as reaction vessels and vacuum furnaces. It is used in tantalum capacitors for electronic equipment such as computers. It is being investigated for use as a material for high-quality superconducting resonators in quantum processors.