hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tandem exon duplication
Tandem exon duplication is defined as duplication of exons within the same gene to give rise to the subsequent exon. A complete exon analysis of all genes in Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans has shown 12,291 instances of tandem duplication in exons in human, fly, and worm. Analysis of the intronic region has produced further 4,660 unidentified duplicated exons referred to as unannotated exons. 1,578 of these unannotated exons contained stop codons thus not considered potential exons. 35.1% of the unannotated exons were found in the EST sequence thus confirming the potential of the presence of these exons in protein transcripts.

Stop codon
In molecular biology, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. Most codons in messenger RNA correspond to the addition of an amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain, which may ultimately become a protein; stop codons signal the termination of this process by binding release factors, which cause the ribosomal subunits to disassociate, releasing the amino acid chain.

While start codons need nearby sequences or initiation factors to start translation, a stop codon alone is sufficient to initiate termination.
Elysium (Pet Shop Boys album)
Elysium (/iˈlɪziəm/) is the eleventh studio album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys. Released on 5 September 2012, it was the duo's last album with Parlophone for the next 12 years. The album was recorded in 2012 in Los Angeles and produced by Andrew Dawson and Pet Shop Boys.

Mark Farrow
Mark Farrow RDI (born May 1960) is a British graphic designer known for his work with English music label Factory Records and Manchester nightclub The Haçienda. He has also done work for bands such as Pet Shop Boys and Spiritualized. In 2009 he was named a Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) by the Royal Society of Arts.
British Shipbuilders
British Shipbuilders (BS) was a public corporation that owned and managed the shipbuilding industry in Great Britain from 1977 to the end of the 1980s. Its head office was at Benton House in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

Marconi Electronic Systems
Marconi Electronic Systems Limited (MES), or GEC-Marconi as it was until 1998, was the defence arm of General Electric Company (GEC). It was split off from GEC and bought by British Aerospace (BAe) on 30 November 1999 to form BAE Systems. GEC then renamed itself Marconi plc.

MES exists today as BAE Systems Electronics Limited, a subsidiary of BAE Systems, but the assets were rearranged elsewhere within that company. MES-related businesses include BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, BAE Systems Surface Ships, BAE Systems Insyte and Selex ES (now a part of Leonardo).
Germania (book)
The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 AD and originally titled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (Latin: De origine et situ Germanorum), is a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic peoples outside the Roman Empire.

Thomas Gordon (writer)
Thomas Gordon (c. 1691 – 28 July 1750) was a Scottish writer and Commonwealthman. Along with John Trenchard, he published The Independent Whig, which was a weekly periodical. From 1720 to 1723, Trenchard and Gordon wrote a series of 144 essays entitled Cato's Letters, condemning corruption and lack of morality within the British political system and warning against tyranny. The essays were published as Essays on Liberty, Civil and Religious, at first in the London Journal and then in the British Journal. These essays became a cornerstone of the Commonwealth man tradition and were influential in shaping the ideas of the Country Party. His ideas played an important role in shaping republicanism in Britain and especially in the American colonies leading up to the American Revolution. Zuckert argues, "The writers who, more than any others, put together the new synthesis that is the new republicanism were John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, writing in the early eighteenth century as Cato."
Apium virus Y
Apium virus Y (ApVY) is a plant pathogenic 
virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae.

Apium virus Y is a recently described member of the potyvirus family.  It was first found in Australia in 2002 in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum: an immigrant weed in Australia).  A survey of native and weed species in the family Apiaceae found ApVY to be widespread in Australia. In addition, this survey and others found two other potyviruses.  One was a well-known potyvirus infecting the Apiaceae, Celery mosaic virus (CeMV). CeMV has been found in celery (Apium graveolens) crops worldwide, including Australia, New Zealand and the US. The third potyvirus found in these surveys was another previously unknown potyvirus, Carrot virus Y (CarVY).

Carrot virus Y
Carrot virus Y (CarVY) is a (+)ss-RNA virus that affects crops of the carrot family (Apiaceae), such as carrots, anise, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill and parsnip. Carrots are the only known crop to be infected in the field. Infection by the virus leads to deformed roots and discolored or mottled leaves. The virus is spread through insect vectors, and is currently only found in Australia.
Becky Worley
Becky Worley (born February 4, 1971) is an American journalist and broadcaster. She is the tech and consumer correspondent for Good Morning America on ABC, was a tech podcaster for the TWiT network,  and a host and blogger for shows on TechTV and Yahoo! Tech.

Travel Channel
Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

Travel Channel features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. Programming has included shows on African animal safaris, tours of grand hotels and resorts, visits to significant cities and towns around the world, programming about various foods around the world, and programming about ghosts and the paranormal in notable buildings.

As of November 2023, Travel Channel is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 96,000,000 households.
Gjuvkampen
Gjuvkampen is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,739-metre (5,705 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southwest of the village of Bismo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Tverrfjellet to the south, Grjothøi to the southwest, and Lomseggje to the southeast.

Breheimen
Breheimen is a mountain range in the Innlandet and Vestland counties in Norway. The area lies west of the Jotunheimen mountain range. The mountain range lies to the northwest of the Sognefjellsvegen road, north of the Sognefjorden, south of the Nordfjorden and Norwegian National Road 15, and east of Norwegian National Road 5 and European route E39. The mountain range includes Jostedalsbreen National Park and Breheimen National Park.

The name Breheimen means "home of the glaciers", since it has many glaciers, including Norway's largest glacier, Jostedalsbreen. Other glaciers in the range include Harbardsbreen and Spørteggbreen. Some of the major mountains in the area include Skåla, Lodalskåpa, Høgste Breakulen, Tverrådalskyrkja, Hestbrepiggene, and Brenibba. The region is home to several large lakes such as Austdalsvatnet and Styggevatnet.
Scirpus atrovirens
Scirpus atrovirens, known as dark-green bulrush, is a perennial sedge native to wetlands of eastern Canada and the United States. It is sometimes called dark green bulsedge, black bulrush, or green bulrush.

Scirpus atrovirens grows in a wide variety of wetland habitats, typically in sunny areas rather than shady. It can be found in wet meadows and shrubby thickets, openings in swamps, marshes, shorelines, as well as roadside ditches. The plant can grow up to five feet tall, and thrives in hardiness zones 3–9.

It is closely related to Scirpus hattorianus and Scirpus georgianus, with mature fruits necessary for accurate identification.

Scirpus georgianus
Scirpus georgianus,  or Georgia bulrush, is a flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae that grows in much of the eastern half of North America. Its habitat is wet marshy field areas prone to seasonal flooding. It was described by Roland McMillan Harper.

It is sometimes confused with Scirpus hattorianus.
2001 New Zealand local elections
The 2001 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2001) were triennial elections that were held ending 13 October 2001 to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

Regions of New Zealand
The regions of New Zealand are the administrative jurisdictions of the country's regional councils and unitary authorities; the country is divided into sixteen such areas. The councils derive their powers from the central government, as New Zealand is a unitary state rather than a federation.

Eleven are currently administered by regional councils, whilst the other five are administered by unitary authorities. Most of New Zealand's outlying Islands are not included within its regions, with the Solander Islands being the exception as they are within the Southland Region. The Chatham Islands are not within any region, having their own specially legislated territorial authority.
Minitrans
Minitrans is a bus service operated by Transjakarta from 2017 along with Metrotrans. Like Metrotrans, they were introduced to replace the ageing MetroMini and Kopaja busses. They often inherit similar routes, which MetroMini and Kopaja busses once served, though using different numbering. Furthermore Minitrans busses are also used to serve cross corridor routes. They along with the more smaller Mikrotrans, serve as both a feeder bus service to the main Transjakarta corridors, as well as an additional form of urban transportation in Jakarta.

The busses bodies are often built by local carrosseries such as New Armada, Laksana, Tri Sakti, or Lie Ling, and use Mitsubishi Fuso, Isuzu or Hino chassis. They are smaller than Metrotrans busses, allowing them to travel through narrower roads.

Blok M Bus Terminal
Blok M Terminal is a type-B bus terminal located within the commercial and entertainment quarter of Blok M in Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia. As a type-B terminal, it only serves city transport buses that connect several regions in Jakarta and its surrounding cities. The terminal primarily serves Transjakarta's BRT corridors and feeder routes. State-owned transport company Perum DAMRI also operates a number of shuttle bus services from the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and several planned townships in Greater Jakarta to Blok M terminal. Apart from DAMRI, Mayasari Bakti and Sinar Jaya also operate their bus routes to this terminal.

Due to decreasing service quality, the government planned to revitalize the Blok M terminal. This will be the second revitalization of the terminal after the first one in 1992, which forms the current building of the terminal.
Kornstad Municipality
Kornstad is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1897 until its dissolution in 1964. The 66-square-kilometre (25 sq mi) municipality encompassed the western part oft the present-day Averøy Municipality on the island of Averøya, plus a small area in the present-day Hustadvika Municipality on the mainland Romsdal Peninsula to the west of the island. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Kornstad where Kornstad Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 66.2-square-kilometre (25.6 sq mi) municipality was the 564th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Kornstad Municipality was the 453rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,921. The municipality's population density was 29 inhabitants per square kilometre (75/sq mi) and its population had increased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Romsdalshalvøya
Romsdalshalvøya, sometimes translated as the Romsdal Peninsula, is a 1,560-square-kilometre (600 sq mi) peninsula located in the Romsdal district of Møre og Romsdal county in Norway. The peninsula encompasses parts of Molde Municipality, Gjemnes Municipality, and Hustadvika Municipality.

The peninsula is connected to the mainland by a 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) wide isthmus between the villages of Eidsvåg and Eidsøra in Molde Municipality. The peninsula is flanked by a number of fjords: Langfjorden and Romsdalsfjorden to the south, Julsund (to the west), Hustadvika to the north, Kornstadfjorden and Kvernesfjorden to the north-east, and Tingvollfjorden and Sunndalsfjorden to the east.

About 42,000 people live on the peninsula, with another 5,000 on the adjacent islands.
DARDO
DARDO ("Dart" in Italian) originally known as Breda Type-70, also marketed as the OTO Twin 40L70 Compact, is a close-in weapon system (CIWS) built by the Italian companies Breda and OTO Melara. It is composed of two Breda-built Bofors 40 mm firing high explosive (HE) shells, a fire-control radar (Alenia RTN-10X Orion) and a fire-control system (Alenia RTN-20X Orion and Dardo). It is the last of a long series of Italian anti-aircraft weapons derived from the Swedish Bofors 40 mm autocannons (mounted on Breda built gun mounts such as the Type 64, Type 106, Type 107, Type 564 and Type 520).

Lupo-class frigate
The Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti (CNR) for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with an emphasis on anti-surface warfare (ASuW), they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela. A small run of a slightly updated version is known as the Soldati class.
Amsterdam University Library
Amsterdam University Library is the library of the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and the Academic Medical Centre (AMC).
From August 2025 the Library is located at Vendelstraat 2-8. Until June 2025 the central complex of the Library was in the town centre at Singel, close to Heiligeweg and Koningsplein. The Library's Special Collections are housed nearby at Oude Turfmarkt, next to UvA's Allard Pierson Museum. The Library also has a large book depot in the grounds of the AMC, with over 40.5 kilometers of books and other materials.
The foundation Friends of the Library of the University of Amsterdam regularly donates special manuscripts or rare editions to the library collection.

Allard Pierson Museum
The Allard Pierson Museum is the archaeological museum of the University of Amsterdam.  It is situated at the Oude Turfmarkt 127 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Artifacts from the ancient civilizations of ancient Egypt, the Near East, the Greek World, Etruria, and the Roman Empire are curated and exhibited in this museum.
Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han
The Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han is a historical large office building located in the Sirkeci neighbourhood of the Eminönü quarter within the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It is owned by the Foundations Administration (Turkish: Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü). Currently, it is used as a five star hotel of the World Park Hotel chain named Legacy Ottoman.

Sirkeci
Sirkeci (pronounced [ˈsiɾkedʒi]) is a neighborhood in the Eminönü quarter of the Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. In the Byzantine period, the area was known as Prosphorion (Ancient Greek: Προσφόριον).

The neighborhood borders to the north the mouth of the Golden Horn, to the west the neighborhood of Bahçekapı, to the east the Topkapı Palace area, and to the south the Cağaloğlu neighborhood. It hosts the Sirkeci railway station, the easternmost terminus of the Orient Express, a historic long-distance passenger train service in Europe that operated between Paris and Istanbul in the period between 1883 and 2009.

The neighborhood consists mostly of commercial and tourist-oriented buildings. A combination of small shops, hans (larger workshops) and offices intermingle with boutique hotels, traditional Turkish restaurants, Turkish and foreign-language bookstores, and tourist offices.
Dual-phase evolution
Dual phase evolution (DPE) is a process that drives self-organization within complex adaptive systems. It arises in response to phase changes within the network of connections formed by a system's components. DPE occurs in a wide range of physical, biological and social systems. Its applications to technology include methods for manufacturing novel materials and algorithms to solve complex problems in computation.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Mororo, New South Wales
Mororo is a Locality in the Clarence Valley of New South Wales in Australia. Mororo is dominated by sugar cane farms & does not have a large area of suburbia. The population of Mororo is 115. It is located on the Pacific Motorway and is located in the Bundjalung National Park. Mororo has three residential roads, Banana Road, Lewis Lane, and Mororo Road. It is close to Woombah, Iluka, Maclean, Yamba and Woodburn.

Clarence Valley Council
Clarence Valley Council is a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

The council services an area of 10,441 square kilometres (4,031 sq mi) and draws its name from the Clarence River, which flows through most of the council area. The area under management is adjacent to the Pacific Highway, the Gwydir Highway and the North Coast railway line. The Clarence Valley region includes the coastal plain and lower valleys of the Clarence and Nymboida river. Most of the valley is agricultural; however, the oceanside towns of Yamba and Iluka are popular holiday resorts.

The council was formed in February 2004 by the merger of the City of Grafton and Maclean Shire, and parts of Copmanhurst, Pristine Waters and Richmond Valley local government areas, and the activities of North Coast Water and Clarence River County Council.

The mayor of Clarence Valley Council is Ray Smith. The Deputy Mayor is Greg Clancy.
1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season. Conference co-champions Ohio State and Michigan led with eight and six first-team selections, respectively. Ohio State's first-team selections included running back Ron Springs and linebacker Tom Cousineau.  Michigan's first-team selections included quarterback Rick Leach and offensive guard Mark Donahue.

Ron Springs
Ronald Edward Springs (November 4, 1956 – May 12, 2011) was an American professional football running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He played college football at Ohio State University.
Manchar
Manchar is a census town and Nagar panchayat in Ambegaon taluka of Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Nearby villages are Kalamb, Pimpalgoan, and Landewadi.
It is governed by Manchar Nagar Panchayat which is second Nagar panchayat in the Pune district.

- Hrishikesh Vite

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Outline of Michigan
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Michigan:

Michigan is located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America, comprising two separate peninsulas.

Central Michigan
Central Michigan, also called Mid Michigan, is a region in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As its name implies, it is the middle area of the Lower Peninsula. Lower Michigan is said to resemble a mitten, and Mid Michigan corresponds roughly to the thumb and palm, stretching from Michigan's eastern shoreline along Lake Huron into the fertile rolling plains of the Michigan Basin. The region contains cities of moderate size, including Flint, Saginaw, and the state capital of Lansing. Generally Central, or "Mid", Michigan is defined by governmental organizations as an area North of Jackson, and South of Clare.
Starship Operators
Starship Operators (スターシップ・オペレーターズ, Sutāshippu Operētāzu) is a Japanese light novel series written by Ryo Mizuno. Six volumes were published by MediaWorks (now ASCII Media Works) between 2001 and 2005. An anime television series adaptation animated by J.C.Staff aired on TV Tokyo from January to March 2005. Starship Operators is licensed in North America by Geneon.

Shu (kingdom)
Shu (Chinese: 蜀; Pinyin: Shǔ; former romanization: Shuh), also known as Ancient Shu (Chinese: 古蜀; pinyin: Gǔ Shǔ) in historiography, was an ancient kingdom in what is now Sichuan Province. It was based on the Chengdu Plain, in the western Sichuan basin with some extension northeast to the upper Han River valley. To the east was the Ba tribal confederation. Further east down the Han and Yangtze rivers was the State of Chu. To the north over the Qinling Mountains was the State of Qin. To the west and south were tribal peoples of little military power.

This independent Shu state was conquered by the state of Qin in 316 BCE. Recent archaeological discoveries at Sanxingdui and Jinsha thought to be sites of Shu culture indicate the presence of a unique civilization in this region before the Qin conquest.

In subsequent periods of Chinese history the Sichuan area continued to be referred to as Shu after this ancient state, and later states founded in the same region were also called Shu.