hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shark Valley
Shark Valley is a geological depression at the head of the Shark River Slough in far western Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is currently part of Everglades National Park. Shark Valley empties into Shark River in the Ten Thousand Islands of Monroe County. Shark Valley characteristically includes sawgrass prairie that floods during the rainy season, hence the name "river of grass"—Pa-Hay-Okee, from the Mikasuki language—for such marshes in the Everglades. Shark Valley features a Visitor Center with educational displays, a park video, an underwater camera and informational brochures. The entrance to Shark Valley is located along Tamiami Trail (US 41) near the Miami-Dade–Collier County line.

Tamiami Trail
The Tamiami Trail (/ˈtæmiˌæmi/) is the southernmost 284 miles (457 km) of U.S. Highway 41 (US 41) from State Road 60 (SR 60) in Tampa to US 1 in Miami. A portion of the road is officially State Road 90 (SR 90), but not signposted as such.

The 163-mile (262 km) north–south section (unsignposted SR 45) extends to Naples, whereupon it becomes an east–west road (unsignposted SR 90) crossing the Everglades (and forming part of the northern border of Everglades National Park). It becomes Southwest 8th Street in Miami-Dade County, famously known as Calle Ocho through the Little Havana neighborhood of Miami (and site of the eponymous annual festival), before ending east of Miami Avenue as Southeast 8th Street at Brickell Avenue in Brickell, Downtown Miami.
Spitzer resistivity
The Spitzer resistivity (or plasma resistivity), also called 'Spitzer-Harm resistivity', is an expression describing the electrical resistance in a plasma, which was first formulated by Lyman Spitzer in 1950. The Spitzer resistivity of a plasma decreases in proportion to the electron temperature as .

The inverse of the Spitzer resistivity  is known as the Spitzer conductivity .

Coulomb collision
A Coulomb collision is a binary elastic collision between two charged particles interacting through their own electric field. As with any inverse-square law, the resulting trajectories of the colliding particles is a hyperbolic Keplerian orbit. This type of collision is common in plasmas where the typical kinetic energy of the particles is too large to produce a significant deviation from the initial trajectories of the colliding particles, and the cumulative effect of many collisions is considered instead. The importance of Coulomb collisions was first pointed out by Lev Landau in 1936, who also derived the corresponding kinetic equation which is known as the Landau kinetic equation.
Kismet, New York
Kismet is a hamlet in the Town of Islip, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is the westernmost beach community on Fire Island, immediately west of Saltaire and east of the Fire Island Lighthouse. Kismet is accessible by road or on foot via Robert Moses State Park to the west, or by ferry from Bay Shore on Long Island.

Facilities in Kismet include a marina, a few stores (the Kismet Market, Beach & Vine Wines & Spirits and the Red Wagon Emporium), Margarita Villas LLC Vacation Rentals, and three restaurants, Fire Island Tap (located at Margarita Villas), the Kismet Inn, and Dive (formerly The Out).

Fire Island Lighthouse
The Fire Island Lighthouse is a visible landmark on the Great South Bay, in southern Suffolk County, New York, on the western end of Fire Island, a barrier island off the southern coast of Long Island. The lighthouse is located within Fire Island National Seashore and just to the east of Robert Moses State Park. It is part of the Fire Island Light Station which contains the light, keepers quarters, the lens building containing the original first-order Fresnel lens, and a boat house.
APDAYC
The Peruvian Association of Authors and Composers (Spanish: Asociación Peruana de Autores y Compositores, known as APDAYC) is a non-profit organization in Peru. It is a collective rights management society. It manages the copyright for the music industry and collects royalties for the public use of musical works.

It is a member of the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC).

Collective rights management
Collective rights management is the licensing of copyright and related rights by organisations acting on behalf of rights owners. Collective management organisations (CMOs), sometimes also referred to as collecting societies, typically represent groups of copyright and related rights owners, i.e.; authors (such as writers, composers, painters and photographers), performers (such as musicians, actors and dancers), publishers, phonogram producers, film producers and other rights holders. At the least, rights holders authorize collective rights management organizations to monitor the use of their works, negotiate licenses with prospective users, document correct right management data and information, collect remuneration for use of copyrighted works, ensuring a fair distribution of such remuneration amongst rightsholders. CMOs also act on legal mandates. Governmental supervision varies across jurisdictions.
Port of General Santos
The Port of General Santos (Filipino: Pantalan ng General Santos), also known as the Makar Port, is a seaport in General Santos in the Philippines.

The port is used to transport cargo in and out of General Santos, serving the wider Soccsksargen region. From 2008 until 2018, then from 2019 to 2024, the seaport did not serve domestic passenger services. Passenger services were briefly resumed in October 2018 with 2GO Travel serving Davao City, Zamboanga City, Iloilo City, and Manila for eight months. The company later resumed its Davao City route in 2021, but for cargo operations only. In 2024, 2GO restarted passenger operations, introducing routes from General Santos City to Davao City, Iloilo City, Manila, and later Cebu City. The Philippine Ports Authority is working to expand the seaport's passenger operations.

In September 2021, a new Port Operations Building (POB) complex for the seaport was inaugurated.

Philippine Ports Authority
The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA; Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng Daungan ng Pilipinas) is a government-owned and controlled corporation under the Department of Transportation as an attached agency.  It is responsible for the financing, management and operations of public ports throughout the Philippines, except the port of Cebu, which is under the Cebu Ports Authority.
Airwork Services
Airwork Limited, also referred to during its history as Airwork Services Limited, is a wholly owned subsidiary company of VT Group plc. It has provided a variety of defence support services to the Royal Air Force (RAF), Fleet Air Arm and overseas air forces, as well as having played an important role in the development of civil aviation – both in the United Kingdom and abroad.

Douglas C-54 Skymaster
The Douglas C-54 Skymaster is a four-engined transport aircraft used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II and the Korean War. Like the Douglas C-47 Skytrain derived from the DC-3, the C-54 Skymaster was derived from a civilian airliner, the Douglas DC-4. Besides transport of cargo, the C-54 also carried presidents, prime ministers, and military staff. Dozens of variants of the C-54 were employed in a wide variety of non-combat roles such as air-sea rescue, scientific and military research, and missile tracking and recovery. During the Berlin Airlift it hauled coal and food supplies to West Berlin. After the Korean War it continued to be used for military and civilian uses by more than 30 countries. It was one of the first aircraft to carry the incumbent President of the United States, the first being President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II.
2000 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship
The 2000 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship (7th tournament) took place in Mashhad from 30 August–8 September. It acts as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2001 Men's Junior World Handball Championship.

Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship
The Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship is the official competition organised by Asian Handball Federation for junior men's national handball teams of Asia, and takes place every two years.

In addition to crowning the Asian champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the IHF Men's Junior World Championship.
CD Scorpion Vermelho
Clube Desportivo Scorpions Vermelho de Santa Cruz is a football club that plays in the Santiago Island League North Zone of the Grupo Centro Sul in Cape Verde.  The team is based in the town of Santa Cruz in the southeastern part of the island of Santiago and plays at Estádio Municipal 25 de Julho west of town. Since the implementation of the two-tier regional system in 2015, Scorpion Vermelho are one of the ten unrelegated clubs of northern Santiago.

Along with Tarrafal's Beira-Mar and Varandinha, it is considered the most popular club of the North Zone. It may became the North Zone's top five clubs in 2016.

Santa Cruz, Cape Verde
Santa Cruz is a concelho (municipality) of Cape Verde. It is situated in the eastern part of the island of Santiago. Its seat is the city Pedra Badejo. Its population was 26,617 at the 2010 census, and its area is 112.2 km2.
Fernando da Guerra
Fernando da Guerra (c. 1390 – 26 September 1467) was a Portuguese ecclesiastic. He was successively bishop of Algarve (1409–1414), bishop of Porto (1416–1417) and finally archbishop of Braga (1417–1467). As Archbishop, he was known for his defense of the Church's rights and privileges.

He built the Braga's Archiepiscopal Court, containing the Medieval Hall and library.

Diocese of Porto, Portugal
The Diocese of Porto (Latin: Dioecesis Portugallensis) (Oporto) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Portugal. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Braga. Its see at Porto is in the Norte region, and the second largest city in Portugal.
California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

Lecompton Constitution
The Lecompton Constitution (1858) was the second of four proposed state constitutions of Kansas. Named for the city of Lecompton, Kansas where it was drafted, it was strongly pro-slavery. It never went into effect.
Ana-Maria Crnogorčević
Ana-Maria Crnogorčević (born 3 October 1990) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a winger or right-back for Première Ligue club Strasbourg and the Switzerland national team. A fast player with good heading ability, she is considered one of Switzerland's most talented footballers.

Supercopa de España Femenina
The Supercopa de España Femenina or the Spanish Women's Super Cup is a super cup tournament in Spanish football, contested by the winners and runners up of the Copa de la Reina and the remaining highest ranked teams from the Primera División that had not already qualified through the cup final.
Lowest bridging point
The lowest bridging point (or lowest crossing point) is the location on a river which is crossed by a bridge at its closest point to the sea.

Historically—that is, before the development of engineering technology that allowed the construction of tunnels and high-level road bridges—the lowest bridging point of a river was frequently the point at which an important town or city grew up, and particularly where trade and commerce took place. The place could be served by roads on either side of the river, allowing access from a wide hinterland; had river transport available upstream; and often was at a location that allowed seagoing traffic to approach it from a downstream direction.

Hinterland
Hinterland is the area under the influence of a particular human settlement.

The word comes from a German word meaning 'land behind' a city, a port, or similar. Its use in English was first documented by the geographer George Chisholm in his Handbook of Commercial Geography (1888). Originally the term was associated with the area of a port in which materials for export and import are stored and shipped. Subsequently, the use of the word expanded to its current use.
Echuya Batwa
Echuya Batwa, commonly known as pygmies, are an endangered group of people around Echuya Forest Reserve in Kisoro and Kabale Districts of South-Western Uganda. The Echuya is located in the Albertine Rift region recognized as an important eco-region. The Batwa are believed to have migrated from the Ituri Forest of the Democratic Republic of Congo in search of wild animals to hunt, hence the name Kisoro, literally meaning "the area occupied by wild animals". The Batwa live in small huts mainly made from sticks and grass, and number 6,700 per a 2014 estimate by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics.: 6

Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. The term pygmyism is used to describe the phenotype of endemic short stature (as opposed to disproportionate dwarfism occurring in isolated cases in a population) for populations in which adult men are on average less than 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall.

Although the term is sometimes considered derogatory because it focuses on a physical trait, it remains the primary term associated with the African Pygmies, the hunter-gatherers of the Congo Basin (comprising the Bambenga, Bambuti and Batwa). The terms "Asiatic pygmies" and "Oceanic pygmies" have also been used to describe the Negrito populations of Southeast Asia and Australo-Melanesian peoples of short stature. The Taron people of Myanmar are an exceptional case of a pygmy population of East Asian phenotype.
William Piers (bishop)
William Piers (Pierse, Pierce; c. 1580 – 1670) was Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University from 1621 to 1624, Bishop of Peterborough from 1630 to 1632 and Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1632 until the abolition of episcopacy in 1646, then again from the Restoration in 1660 to his death in 1670.

Bishop of Bath and Wells
The bishop of Bath and Wells is the diocesean bishop of the diocese of Bath and Wells in the Church of England. The bishop's seat, or cathedra, is at the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells. The diocese covers most of Somerset and a small part of Dorset.

From 1090 until the Reformation the Abbey Church of St Peter and Paul in the city of Bath was also a cathedral of the diocese, and the double name has been retained. The bishop has the right, together with the bishop of Durham, to escort the sovereign at the coronation. The bishop's residence is the Bishop's Palace, Wells.
Hör klockorna med ängsligt dån
Hör klockorna med ängsligt dån (Hear the bells with anxious thunder) or Fredman's Song no. 6 is one of the Swedish 18th century poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's Fredman's Songs, written in 1769. It is subtitled Över brännvinsbrännaren Lundholm (About brandy-distiller Lundholm). It was originally one of the texts for Bellman's Order of Bacchus. It was first performed on 15 October 1769, and quickly became popular, spreading as a transcript. It is structured as a funeral oration for a member of Lundholm's Order, parodying the Swedish system of noble Orders.

Paul Britten Austin
Paul Britten Austin (5 April 1922 – 25 July 2005) was an English author, translator, broadcaster, administrator, and scholar of Swedish literature.

He is known in particular for his translations of and books on the Swedish musician, singer and poet Carl Michael Bellman, including his prizewinning book The Life and Songs of Carl Michael Bellman. He also translated books by many other Swedish authors.

Alongside his work on Swedish literature, Austin spent 25 years assembling a trilogy of history books, 1812: Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, telling the story of Napoleon Bonaparte's failed campaign entirely through eyewitness accounts.
2016 West Virginia Secretary of State election
The 2016 West Virginia Secretary of State election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the West Virginia Secretary of State, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on May 10, 2016.

Incumbent Democratic secretary of state Natalie Tennant ran for re-election to a third term in office, but lost to Republican attorney and veteran Mac Warner. In 2020, a rematch between the two candidates occurred, with Warner expanding his margin of victory significantly.

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the three U.S. representatives from the state of West Virginia, one from each of the state's three congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

The primaries were held on May 10.
Culex sinensis
Culex (Lophoceraomyia) sinensis is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, Sudan and South Sudan, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is a possible vector of Wuchereria bancrofti.

Culex
Culex or typical mosquitoes are a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis and avian malaria. They occur worldwide except for the extreme northern parts of the temperate zone, and are the most common form of mosquito encountered in some major U.S. cities, such as Los Angeles.
Greaker Industrier
Greaker Industrier AS was a Norwegian industrial company, which ran a paper mill in Sarpsborg, Norway.

It was founded by Cæsar Bang in 1905 as Greaker Cellulosefabrik. A 1972 bankrupt caused a slight reorganization, and the name Greaker Industrier was taken. In 1979 the company was acquired by M. Peterson & Søn. Its main product being greaseproof paper, it was separated from the packaging and solid board branches of M. Peterson & Søn in 1997 under the name Peterson Scanproof. In 2001 it was merged with an entity owned by Norske Skog Union to constitute the company Nordic Paper, placed under joint ownership of M. Peterson & Søn and Norske Skogindustrier. Both owners backed out of Nordic Paper in 2006.

Norske Skog
Norske Skog ASA, formerly Norske Skogindustrier ASA, which translates as Norwegian Forest Industries, is a Norwegian pulp and paper company established in 1962. The company has long been one of the world's leading manufacturers of newsprint and magazine paper. Due to a declining market for publication paper, the company has increasingly focused on other uses of timber and recycled paper, such as packaging. The company is headquartered in Norway and has factories in five countries and an annual production of approximately 2 million tonnes of paper (2020).
Penstemon deustus
Penstemon deustus is a species of penstemon known by the common names hotrock penstemon and scabland penstemon. It is native to much of the northwestern United States from the Pacific Northwest to Wyoming, where it grows in many types of forest and open plateau habitat, often on soils heavy in volcanic rock or on limestone outcrops.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field
There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature. In this article, several approaches are discussed, although the equations are in terms of electric and magnetic fields, potentials, and charges with currents, generally speaking.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Luca Pagano
Luca Pagano (born 28 July 1978 in Treviso) is an Italian poker player who finished third place in the Barcelona Open, a European Poker Tour (EPT) event, in 2004. Since then he has reached six more EPT final tables, finishing in the money 20 times, placing him top of the EPT All-Time Leaderboard. He has also placed in two events at the 2006 World Series of Poker.

He was a Team PokerStar PRO member for almost 15 years and, as of 2017, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,200,000.

PokerStars
PokerStars is an online poker cardroom. It is the largest real money online poker site in the world, controlling over two-thirds of the total online poker market, and can be accessed through downloadable poker clients for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

A PokerStars.com online satellite tournament produced the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) champion, Chris Moneymaker. As the first person to become a world champion by qualifying at an online poker site, Moneymaker's 2003 win was an important factor in catalyzing the poker boom of the mid-2000s. The press has called this the "Moneymaker effect."

PokerStars was part of The Stars Group until it was sold to Flutter Entertainment, owner of the Irish gambling company Paddy Power, on May 5, 2020.
25th Raider Infantry Brigade (Indonesia)
The 25th Infantry Brigade / Siwah or 25th Raiser Infantry Brigade / Siwah is an organic Indonesian Army Brigade under the Kodam Iskandar Muda. It is in charge of 3 Infantry Battalions: 111st Raider infantry Battalion / Karma Bhakti, 113rd Raider Infantry Battalion / Jaya Sakti and 114th Raider Infantry battalion/ Satria Musara). These units were previously under 011th Military Resort Command/Lilawangsa. It is led by Commander Maj. Gen. Moch. Fachrudin S. Sos who was assigned the post on Thursday, December 28, 2017.

Kodam Iskandar Muda
Iskandar Muda Military Region Command (Indonesian: Komando Daerah Militer Iskandar Muda/Kodam Iskandar Muda) is a military territorial command (military district) of the Indonesian Army. It has been in active service as the local division for Aceh Province (from 1956–1985 and from 2002 to present). Its emblem is a white elephant, after the war elephants that served in the namesake's army during his rule as Sultan of Aceh.