hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanctuary of the Madonna of Miracles (Corbetta)
The Sanctuary of Madonna of Miracles (known officially as archiepiscopal sanctuary of Madonna of Miracles or properly archiepiscopal sanctuary of Madonna of Miracles in Saint Nicholas) is a Roman Catholic Marian sanctuary located in Corbetta, province of Milan, Lombardy, Italy. The sanctuary is dedicated to the Madonna of the Miracles, whose miraculous frescoed image, known as Madonna di Corbetta, was declared in 1955 to be the patron of the Magentino area in 1955 by the then archbishop of Milan and future pope Paul VI.

Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV (Italian: Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death, in December 1565. Born in Milan, his family considered itself a branch of the House of Medici and used the same coat of arms. Although modern historians have found no proof of this connection, the Medici of Florence recognised the claims of the Medici of Milan in the early 16th century.

Pope Paul III appointed Medici Archbishop of Ragusa, and sent him on diplomatic missions to the Holy Roman Empire and Hungary. He presided over the final session of the Council of Trent. His nephew, Cardinal Charles Borromeo, was a close adviser. As pope, Pius IV initiated a number of building projects in Rome, including one to improve the water supply.
Hamrin Mountains
The Hamrin Mountains (Arabic: جبل حمرين, romanized: Jabāl Hamrīn, Kurdish: چیای حەمرین, romanized: Çiyayê Hemrîn or Çiyayên Hemrîn) are a small mountain ridge in northeast Iraq. The westernmost ripple of the Zagros Mountains, the Hamrin mountains extend from the Diyala Governorate bordering Iran, northwest to the Tigris river, crossing northern Saladin Governorate and southern Kirkuk Governorate.

Historically the Hamrin mountains were called Barima, Bārimā and Birimma (Arabic: جبل بارِمّا, romanized: Jabāl Bārimā). Ibn Khaldun, a 14th century historian called the Hamrin mountains range, the "Kurdish mountains". That is because these mountains are situated in the south of Kirkuk and Kurds live there, so, Ibn Khaldun said, "the range Hamrin mountains is a place whose people are Kurdish."

Saladin Governorate
The Saladin, Salah ad Din, or Salah Al-Din Governorate (Arabic: محافظة صلاح الدين, Muḥāfaẓat Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn) is one of Iraq's 19 governorates, north of Baghdad. It has an area of 24,363 square kilometres (9,407 sq mi), with an estimated population of 1,042,200 people in 2003. It is made up of 8 districts, with the capital being Tikrit. Before 1976 the governorate was part of Baghdad Governorate.

The governorate is named after Saladin or Salah ad-Din. This governorate is largely Sunni Arab and is also where Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq, was born, in the village of Al-Awja. Salah Al-Din governorate, a traditional stronghold of Saddam and his Al-Bu Nasir tribe that is located in the heart of the Sunni Triangle, has been a centre of insurgencies, tribal rivalries, and political and sectarian violence since the 2003 U.S.-led Coalition invasion of Iraq.
Moisés Andriassi
Moisés Emilio Andriassi Quintana (born 29 February 2000) is a Mexican professional basketball player for the Astros de Jalisco of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP), and the Mexican national team. He played college basketball for the Aztecas UDLAP and is considered one of the most promising young talents of Mexican basketball.

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM; Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), also known as the Technological Institute of Monterrey (Spanish: Tecnológico de Monterrey) or simply Tec, is a private research university based in Monterrey, Mexico. It has expanded to include 35 campuses across 25 cities in the country and 22 liaison offices in 15 other countries.

The university was founded in 1943 by Eugenio Garza Sada, who was educated at MIT in the United States. Eugenio Garza Sada was an industrialist and philanthropist from Monterrey.

ITESM was the first university outside the U.S. to establish an internet connection in the Western Hemisphere, linking the University of Texas at San Antonio directly.
Completion (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, a completion or completed pass occurs when an eligible receiver (usually a wide receiver, tight end or running back) successfully catches a forward pass thrown by the quarterback without the ball touching the ground.  It is one of the three possible outcomes of any pass thrown during a passing play, with the other two being incompletion and interception.

Statistically, a completed pass is recorded down as a completion for the quarterback, and as a reception for the player catching the ball. The recorded yardage gained is the total yardage gained when the play ends, and may be subdivided into Air Yards (the distance from the line of scrimmage to the spot where the ball was caught) and Yards After Catch (the distance from where the ball was caught to where the play ends on the field or out of bounds).

Play from scrimmage
A play from scrimmage is the sequence in the game of gridiron football during which one team tries to advance the ball, get a first down, or score, and the other team tries to stop them or take the ball away.  Once a play is over, and before the next play starts, the football is considered dead.  A game of American football (or Canadian Football) consists of many (about 120–150) such plays.
Commensurability (ethics)
In ethics, two values (or norms, reasons, or goods) are incommensurable (or incommensurate, or incomparable) when they do not share a common standard of measurement or cannot be compared to each other in a certain way.

There is a cluster of related ideas, and many philosophers use the terms differently. On one common usage:

Two values (for example, freedom and security) are incommensurable when they cannot be 'traded off' against each other: for example, if there is no set amount of freedom that would compensate for a certain loss of security, or vice versa.

Two options or choices are incommensurate or incomparable if and only if: it is not true that one is better, that the other is better, or that they are exactly equally good.

This page is concerned almost entirely with the second phenomenon. For clarity, the term 'incomparable' is used.

Norm (philosophy)
Norms, in philosophy, are concepts (sentences) of practical import, oriented to affecting an action, rather than conceptual abstractions that describe, explain, and express. Normative sentences imply "ought-to" (or "may", "may not") types of statements and assertions, in distinction to sentences that provide "is" (or "was", "will") types of statements and assertions. Common normative sentences include commands, permissions, and prohibitions; common normative abstract concepts include sincerity, justification, and honesty. A popular account of norms describes them as reasons to take action, to believe, and to feel.
Aleksandar Pavlović (footballer)
Aleksandar Pavlović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Павловић; born 3 May 2004) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the Germany national team.

2024–25 Bundesliga
The 2024–25 Bundesliga was the 62nd season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier men's football competition. The season began on 23 August 2024 and concluded on 17 May 2025. Bayer Leverkusen were the defending champions.

On 4 May 2025, Bayern Munich were crowned Bundesliga champions for a record 33rd time (34th title overall) with two matches to spare following Bayer Leverkusen's 2–2 draw with SC Freiburg, reclaiming the league title after a third-place finish in the previous season.
Burdekin Falls Dam
The Burdekin Falls Dam, also known as the Burdekin Dam, is a concrete gravity dam with an uncontrolled spillway across the Burdekin River in the Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. Built for the purpose of irrigation, the reservoir is called Lake Dalrymple, and is on the boundary of the Whitsunday Region and the Charters Towers Region. Burdekin Falls Dam is managed by SunWater. Water from the reservoir is also used to replenish downstream aquifers.

Charters Towers Region
The Charters Towers Region is a local government area in North Queensland, Australia southwest of, and inland from the city of Townsville, based in Charters Towers. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas which dated back to the 1870s.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$27.5 m.

In the 2021 census, the Charters Towers Region had a population of 11,794 people.
Quick release skewer
A quick release skewer is a mechanism for attaching a wheel to a bicycle. It consists of a rod threaded on one end and with a lever operated cam assembly on the other. The rod is inserted into the hollow axle of the wheel, a special nut is threaded on, and the lever is closed to tighten the cam and secure the wheel to the fork. Wheels equipped with quick release mechanisms can be removed from the bicycle frame and replaced without using tools by opening and closing the cam lever, thus more quickly than wheels with solid axles and nuts. On the negative side, a quick-release hub renders a wheel more vulnerable to theft and care must be taken to ensure that the mechanism is properly tightened.

Similar quick-release mechanisms are also used to operate seatpost clamps, and the collapsing stem of folding bicycles and kick scooters.

Seatpost
A bicycle seatpost, seatpin, saddlepole, saddle pillar, or saddle pin is a tube that extends upwards from the bicycle frame to the saddle. The amount that it extends out of the frame can usually be adjusted, and there is usually a mark that indicates the minimum insertion (or maximum extension). Seatposts can be made of steel, aluminum, titanium, carbon fiber, or aluminum wrapped in carbon fiber.
Jan Erik Rekdal
Jan Erik Rekdal (born 10 February 1951) is a Norwegian philologist and poet.

He has issued such poetry collections as Vandring på verdens vestkyst (1975), Linedanseren (1976), Sentrum i periferien (1978), Oppstandelse nærvær (1985), I Rumis skygge (1997) and Hotellvertens bedrøvelse og andre samtaler (2007).

Rekdal is a professor of Celtic languages and Irish literature at the University of Oslo. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Wheelchair tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's singles
The women's singles wheelchair tennis tournament at the 2020 Paralympic Games in Tokyo is held at the Ariake Tennis Park in Kōtō, Tokyo from 28 August and 3 September 2021.

The reigning champion was Jiske Griffioen, who was not defending her title, having retired in 2017.

Diede de Groot succeeded in the fourth leg of a Golden Slam, having won the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon earlier in the year.

2021 Australian Open – Wheelchair women's singles
Diede de Groot defeated the defending champion Yui Kamiji in the final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(10–4) to win the women's singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2021 Australian Open. It was the first step in an eventual Super Slam for de Groot.
Hokuto Omori
Hokuto Omori (大森北斗, Ōmori Hokuto) (born June 28, 1995) is a Japanese professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist signed to the Japanese promotions All Japan Pro Wrestling where he is a former All Asia Tag Team Champion.

Atsushi Maruyama
Atsushi Maruyama (丸山 敦, Maruyama Atsushi; born on June 14, 1976) is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently signed to All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW). He previously worked for Osaka Pro Wrestling under the ring name Tigers Mask (タイガースマスク, Taigāsu Masuku). His ring name and original wrestling attire were inspired by the Hanshin Tigers baseball team.
X-linked myotubular myopathy
X-linked myotubular myopathy (MTM) is a form of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) associated with mutations in the myotubularin 1 gene. It is found almost always in male infants. It is one of the severest congenital muscle diseases and is characterized by marked muscle weakness, hypotonia and feeding and breathing difficulties.

Centronuclear myopathy
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are a group of congenital myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in the center of muscle cells instead of their normal location at the periphery.

Symptoms of CNM include severe hypotonia, hypoxia-requiring breathing assistance, and scaphocephaly. Among centronuclear myopathies, the X-linked myotubular myopathy form typically presents at birth, and is thus considered a congenital myopathy. However, some centronuclear myopathies may present later in life.
P. J. Carroll (Gaelic footballer)
Patrick Joseph Carroll (1944 – 29th October 2024) was an Irish Gaelic football player and manager. He played at club level with Cavan Gaels and at inter-county level with various Cavan teams. Carroll later served as manager of several club and inter-county teams.

Cavan Senior Football Championship
The Cavan Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition organised by Cavan GAA. It is played between the twelve top-graded clubs in County Cavan. It was first competed for in 1888. The winners are awarded the Oliver Plunkett Cup and go on to represent Cavan in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.

Cornafean are the most successful club, having won the competition twenty times, most recently in 1956. Crosserlough won a record seven consecutive titles between 1966 and 1972. The current champions are Kingscourt Stars who beat Gowna in the 2025 final to win their twelfth title.
Miss Earth Ecuador 2019
Miss Earth Ecuador 2019 was the 3rd edition of Miss Earth Ecuador pageant. The election night was held August 10, 2019 in Samborondón where Diana Valdivieso from Manabí crowned Antonella Paz from Esmeraldas. The winner represented Ecuador at Miss Earth 2019 pageant.

Miss Earth Ecuador
Miss Earth Ecuador (Miss Tierra Ecuador) is one of the official preliminaries to the international Miss Earth beauty pageant, which was established in the Philippines in 2001. The pageant focuses mainly on promoting environmental causes and winners are chosen equally on their physical attributes as well as their understanding and knowledge of the issues affecting the Earth.
Nyisu language
Nyisu or Yellow Yi 黄彝 is a Loloish language of Kunming, central Yunnan, China. There are fewer than 300 speakers remaining according to Bradley (2005, 2007). Nyisu speakers are also referred to as Doupo 都泼.

The Yellow Yi had originally migrated from Sichuan, and live in 4 villages in northwestern Fumin County (endangered) and one village in northwestern Anning, Yunnan (moribund, highly endangered). It is most closely related to Suondi Yi according to Bradley (2005). Nyisu (ȵi55 su33 pho21) was also documented by Lama (2012) in Luomian Township 罗免乡, Fumin County.

Pelkey (2011) tentatively classifies Nyisu of Shilin County as belonging to the Nisu language cluster. Nyisu (ȵi55 su33 pʰu55) of Gaohanshan Village, Zhuqing Township, Shilin County is documented in Wu Zili (1997) and YNYF (1984). It is not known whether Nyisu of Shilin and Nyisu of Kunming are closely related.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
Vena contracta
Vena contracta is the point in a fluid stream where the diameter of the stream is the least, and the fluid velocity is at its maximum, such as in the case of a stream issuing out of a nozzle (orifice). (Evangelista Torricelli, 1643). It is a place where the cross section area is minimal. The maximum contraction takes place at a section slightly downstream of the orifice, where the jet is more or less horizontal.

The effect is also observed in flow from a tank into a pipe, or a sudden contraction in pipe diameter. Streamlines will converge just downstream of the diameter change, and a region of separated flow occurs at the sharp corner of the diameter change and extends past the vena contracta.

The formation of the vena contracta can be seen in the venturimeter.

Nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.

A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
X Case
Attorney General v X [1992] 1 IR 1 (more commonly known as the "X Case") is a landmark decision of the Irish Supreme Court which established the right of Irish women to an abortion if a pregnant woman's life was at risk because of pregnancy, including the risk of suicide.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
Mariano Acosta, Buenos Aires
Mariano Acosta is a city located in Merlo Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. 
Mariano Acosta was founded by the landholder and businessman Juan Posse in the earliest 20th century, and for years the town was known as Villa (village) Posse. Villa Posse changed its name to Mariano Acosta when the British-owned railway company Buenos Aires Western Railway Co. opens a railway station at its surroundings in 1910. The station was named after Mariano Acosta (1825-1893), Argentine lawyer and politician, former Vice-President of Argentina and governor of Buenos Aires.

Mariano Acosta is bordered by Moreno and the Reconquista River (west), Parque San Martín and other localidades of Merlo (north), Pontevedra (northeast) and Marcos Paz (south).

According to the 2001 census [INDEC], the population was 54,081.

Reconquista River
The Reconquista River (Spanish, Río Reconquista) is a small river in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Together with the Riachuelo, it is one of the most contaminated watercourses in the country.

The Reconquista is part of the Río de la Plata basin. It originates in Marcos Paz, Buenos Aires Province, and flows across 18 municipalities, emptying into the Luján River. Its drainage basin has an area of 1,670 square kilometres (640 sq mi) and is populated by around 4 million people.

The river carries about 33 percent of the total pollution drained by the  estuary of the Río de la Plata, taking into account both industrial and domestic waste. There are about 12,000 industries in its basin, 700 of which dump their waste into the watercourse without controls.

Studies have found nitrites, nitrates, ester-phenols, PCB, and heavy metals. These pollutants can cause hepatitis, skin reactions, gastrointestinal problems and eye infections.
Crowtown, Alabama
Crowtown (Cherokee: ᎧᎫᎾᏱ, romanized Kagunyi; also Crow Town) was a Chickamauga Cherokee settlement located on Crow Creek near the Tennessee River in present-day Jackson County, Alabama, in the vicinity of modern Stevenson. Established around 1782 as one of the Five Lower Towns of the Chickamauga Cherokee, Crowtown served as a base for resistance against American frontier expansion until the mid-1790s. The original town site was inundated in 1939 by the impoundment of Guntersville Lake behind Guntersville Dam.

John Watts (Cherokee chief)
John Watts (or Kunokeski; 1750–1808), also known as Young Tassel, was one of the leaders of the Chickamauga Cherokee (or "Lower Cherokee") during the Cherokee–American wars. Watts became particularly active in the fighting after frontiersmen murdered his uncle, Old Tassel (1708–1788).
2020 Spa-Francorchamps Formula 3 round
The 2020 Spa-Francorchamps FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 29 and 30 August 2020 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Stavelot, Belgium. It was the seventh round of the 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and ran in support of the 2020 Belgian Grand Prix.

2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship
The 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship was the eleventh season of the third-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also second season under the moniker of FIA Formula 3 Championship, a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seat open-wheel formula racing cars. The championship featured drivers competing in 3.4-litre Formula 3 racing cars which conformed to the technical regulations, or formula, of the championship. It ran in support of the Formula 1 World Championship and its sister series, Formula 2, serving as the third tier of formula racing in the FIA Global Pathway.

Oscar Piastri won the title at the Mugello round, which is the final round of the season. Prema Racing became the Teams' Champion for the second season in the row having won the title at the Monza round.
Zach (crater)
Zach is a lunar impact crater located in the heavily cratered southern sector of the Moon. To the north is the crater Lilius, while to the southeast is Pentland and to the south the larger Curtius. Due to foreshortening, the crater has an oblong appearance when viewed from Earth. The crater is 71 kilometres (44 mi) in diameter and 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) deep. It is from the Nectarian period, 3.92 to 3.85 billion years ago.

The inner walls of the crater are prominently terraced, while parts of the outer wall are indented by lesser craters. There are adjacent craters attached to the northeast, southwest, and southern parts of the rim. There is also a pair of overlapping craters on the northwest rim. The bottom is relatively flat with a few craterlets and a double central peak offset to the north.

The crater is named for Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, a 19th-century Hungarian astronomer.

Nectarian
The Nectarian Period of the lunar geologic timescale was from 3.920 billion years ago to 3.850 billion years ago. It is the period during which the Nectaris Basin and other major basins were formed by large impact events. Ejecta from Nectaris form the upper part of the densely cratered terrain found in lunar highlands. The period ended with the formation of the Imbrium basin, which initiated the Imbrian Period. Magnetic anomalies found in some Nectarian Period basins suggest that the Moon possessed a core dynamo magnetic field at that time.
Transcaucasus Front
The Transcaucasus Front (Russian: Закавказский Фронт), also translated as Transcaucasian Front, was a front of the Soviet Red Army—a military formation comparable to an army group, not a geographic military front—during the Second World War.

The Transcaucasus Front describes two distinct organizations during the war.

128th Mountain Assault Brigade (Ukraine)
The 128th Mountain Assault Brigade is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces.

The full title of the brigade is 128th Mountain Assault Brigade "Zakarpattia", (Ukrainian: 128-ма окрема гірсько-штурмова Закарпатська бригада). It is the second oldest serving formation of the UGF, being raised in 1922. It participated in the invasions of Hungary and Czechoslovakia by Soviet troops.