hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verolavecchia
Verolavecchia (Brescian: Erölaecia) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. Bordering communes are Borgo San Giacomo, Corte de' Cortesi con Cignone (CR), Pontevico, Quinzano d'Oglio, Robecco d'Oglio (CR) and Verolanuova. Its coat of arms shows three ears of wheat, the text Vetus Virescit and a white cross on blue.

Robecco d'Oglio
Robecco d'Oglio (Cremunés: Rubèch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Cremona.
Bill Shirley
William Jesse Shirley (July 6, 1921 – August 27, 1989) was an American actor and tenor/lyric baritone singer who later became a Broadway theatre producer. He is perhaps best known as the speaking and singing voice of Prince Phillip in Walt Disney's 1959 animated classic Sleeping Beauty and for dubbing Jeremy Brett's singing voice in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady.

The Railroad Hour
The Railroad Hour was a radio series of musical dramas and comedies broadcast from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s.

Sponsored by the Association of American Railroads, the series condensed musicals and operettas to shorter lengths, concentrating on those written before 1943. Singer-actor Gordon MacRae starred in scripts by Jean Holloway, Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. Marvin Miller was the announcer. Warren Barker, at the age of 24, was appointed chief arranger for The Railroad Hour, a position he held for six years. The show's musical director was Carmen Dragon.

With its theme song, "I've Been Working on the Railroad", the series began on ABC October 4, 1948 as a 45-minute program, advertised as "World's Greatest Musical Comedies." It was reduced to 30 minutes on April 25, 1949, continuing until September 26, 1949. It then moved to NBC for a run from October 3, 1949, until June 21, 1954. On both networks it aired Monday evenings at 8pm (Eastern).
Diver organisations
Diver organisations are membership based organisations where the membership is wholly, or at least in large part, underwater divers, and the organisation is intended to further a mutual interest related to underwater diving or the aquatic environment as it affects divers or diving activity. Some organisations have more than one focus of interest.

Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas
The Spanish Federation of Underwater Activities (Spanish: Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas, FEDAS) is the governing body in the field of Spanish aquatic sports. As of 2023, the federation has 897 registered clubs and 31,828 federated athletes.

It is a voting member of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) .
Office of Emergency Planning (Ireland)
The Office of Emergency Planning (OEP) is a civil/military body within Ireland's Department of Defence responsible for the co-ordination and oversight of emergency planning between state agencies. It is answerable to the Minister for Defence.

Minister for Defence (Ireland)
The Minister for Defence (Irish: An tAire Cosanta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Defence. The current Minister for Defence is Helen McEntee, TD. She is also Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

The department is responsible for the Irish Defence Forces. The Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 assigned the minister the additional title of Commander-in-Chief as the Chairman of the Council of Defence. The Defence Act 1954 removed this title, as a result of the reconstitution of the Council of Defence. The President of Ireland, a largely ceremonial role, is considered the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces. In practice, the Minister acts on the President's behalf and reports to the Irish Government. The Minister for Defence is advised by the Council of Defence on the business of the Department of Defence.

The Minister is assisted by a Minister of State at the Department of Defence, Thomas Byrne, TD.
Sarafand al-Kharab
Sarafand al-Kharab (Arabic: صرفند الخراب) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict, located 50 meters (160 ft) above sea level, 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) west of Ramla, in the area that is today northeast of Ness Ziona.

Ramle Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Ramle Subdistrict was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was part of Lydda District of the British Mandate of Palestine. The sub-district's main city was Ramle. Its total population in 1944 was estimated at 123,490, of which 88,560 were Muslims; 29,420 were Jews; and 5,500 were Christians. A number of Palestinian Arab villages in the subdistrict were ethnically cleansed during the Nakba, both by Zionist forces prior to the Israeli declaration of independence and after by Israeli forces. Following the war the area that had made up Ramla Subdistrict became a part of Israel's Central District, being mostly subdivided between a newly created Ramla Subdistrict and Rehovot Subdistrict.
Ihor Pavlyuk
Ihor Pavlyuk (sometimes spelled as Ihor Pawlyuk, Igor Pavlyk, Igor Pavluk; Ukrainian: І́гор Зино́війович Павлю́к, Russian: Игорь Зиновьевич Павлюк, born 1 January 1967 in Rozhysche Raion, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian writer, translator and research worker. Named People's Poet of Ukraine in 2020.

He is the winner of a 2015 English PEN Award, and the winner of the Switzerland Literary Prize 2021.
He also holds a doctorate in Social Communication, professor.

Ihor Pavlyuk is a member of the English PEN and member of the European Society of Authors, Honorary Chancellor of the National Federation of State Poetry Societies (NFSPS) in the USA.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Armory Square Hospital
The Armory Square Hospital formally known as the District Armory or Armory of the District of Columbia was a military hospital for the Union Army located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., which operated from 1862 to 1865. It stood at the intersection of 6th Street SW and B Street SW (now Independence Avenue) between the Smithsonian Castle and the Capitol. The 12 wards extended across the Mall, all the way to the Canal. Today, the National Air and Space Museum stands in its place.

Washington City Canal
The Washington City Canal was a canal in Washington, D.C., that operated from 1815 until the mid-1850s. The canal connected the Anacostia River, termed the "Eastern Branch" at that time, to Tiber Creek, the Potomac River, and later the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal. The canal fell into disuse during the late 19th century and the city government covered over or filled in various sections in 1871.

The canal's Lockkeeper's House, built in 1837 near the present-day intersection of 17th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, was preserved and is now the oldest building on the National Mall.
Arnioceras
Arnioceras is an extinct genus of large, evolute, discoidal ammonite from the Lower Jurassic.  The shell is normally coiled so that all whorls are exposed. Sides bear strong sharp ribs that are straight until reaching the ventrolateral edge where they swing forward and fade. The rim (venter) is keeled and free of grooves.

Arnioceras, named by Alpheus Hyatt, is included in the arietitid family of the Psiloceratoidea, an ammonitid superfamily.  Its distribution is fairly worldwide, having been found in Europe, south Asia, and North and South America.

Arietitidae
Arietitidae is a family of true ammonites that make up part of the superfamily Psiloceratoidea, named after the type genus Arietites. They comprise medium-size to large or gigantic genera which in general are strongly ribbed, tuberculate in some, with keeled or grooved and keeled venters, and well differentiated ammonitic sutures. The aptycus is single valved with a shiny, concentrically striated surface.

Arietitidae dominated Lower Jurassic, Sinemurian ammonites, worldwide, extending into the lower Pliensbachian.

The Arietitidae may have their origin in the  Schlotheimiidae if not directly from the Psiloceratidae, and is the probably source for the Oxynoticeratidae.
Luke Morahan
Luke Morahan (born 13 April 1990) is an Australian rugby player currently playing for the Bristol Bears in the English Premiership since 2017. Morahan's main position is on the wing, however, he does also play fullback.

Australia national rugby sevens team
The Australia national rugby sevens team represent Australia in men's rugby sevens. The team participates in the annual World Rugby Sevens Series competition and the quadrennial Rugby World Cup Sevens. Australia, being a member of the Commonwealth, also compete in the quadrennial rugby sevens event at the Commonwealth Games, as well as the Summer Olympics. Australia's best performance at the Commonwealth Games was silver at Delhi 2010, while at the Summer Olympics it is fourth at Paris 2024.
Eubrontes
Eubrontes is the name of fossilised dinosaur footprints dating from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. They have been identified from France, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Australia (Queensland), US, India, China and Brazil (South).

Eubrontes is the name of the footprints, identified by their shape, and not of the genus or genera that made them, which is as yet unknown but is presumed to be similar to Coelophysis or Dilophosaurus. They are most famous for their discovery in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts in the early 19th century. They, among other footprints, were the first known non-avian dinosaur tracks to be discovered in North America, though they were initially thought to have been made by large birds.

Sauropodomorpha
Sauropodomorpha (/ˌsɔːrəˌpɒdəˈmɔːrfə/ SOR-ə-POD-ə-MOR-fə; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of saurischian dinosaurs that includes the long-necked, herbivorous sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Early, more basal sauropodomorphs (traditionally termed prosauropods) were bipedal, and the earliest show evidence of omnivorous or carnivorous diets. Over time, sauropodomorph evolution resulted in a shift to herbivorous diets, larger body sizes, and quadrupedal locomotion. The sauropods themselves generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The sauropods were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the Late Triassic (approximately 230 Ma) until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.
Intergroup anxiety
Intergroup anxiety is the social phenomenon identified by Walter and Cookie Stephan in 1985 that describes the ambiguous feelings of discomfort or anxiety when interacting with members of other groups. Such emotions also constitute intergroup anxiety when one is merely anticipating interaction with members of an outgroup. Expectations that interactions with foreign members of outgroups will result in an aversive experience is believed to be the cause of intergroup anxiety, with an affected individual being anxious or unsure about a number of issues. Methods of reducing intergroup anxiety and stress including facilitating positive intergroup contact.

Social group
In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group. The system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups is known as group dynamics.
Ed Love
Edward H. Love (May 24, 1910 – May 6, 1996) was an American animator who worked at various studios during the Golden age of American animation. He is well known for contributing to Walt Disney Animation productions such as Mickey's Trailer and Fantasia, and, later in his career, as an animator for Tex Avery at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Cartoon Studio. Love won the Golden Award at the 1984 Motion Pictures Screen Cartoonists Awards in 1984.

Woody Woodpecker filmography
This is a list of animated cartoons that star Woody Woodpecker, who appeared in 204 cartoons (195 Woody shorts and 9 miscellaneous shorts) during and after the Golden age of American animation. All the cartoons were produced by Walter Lantz Productions, and were distributed by Universal Pictures, United Artists and Universal International. Also listed are miscellaneous cartoons that feature Woody but are not a part of the main short series.
Galician Workers Union
The Galician Workers Union (SOG, Sindicato Obreiro Galego in Galician language), was a Galician nationalist and anticapitalist union in Galiza.

Its official publication was O Eixo, editing at the same time other comarcal and sectorial publications. The SOG was founded in May 1975 when the Frente Obreiro (Workers Front) of the Galician People's Union decided to become a union. The SOG was part of the Galician National Popular Assembly (AN-PG). The SOG defended "combative" unionism and rejected any kind of collaboration with the Patronal.

In April 1976, the organization held its first General Assembly. However, it disappeared just a year later, in March 1977 to found, with other unions, the Intersindical Nacional Galega (ING).

Galician National-Popular Assembly
The Galician National-Popular Assembly (AN-PG, Asemblea Nacional-Popular Galega in Galician language) was suprapartisan umbrella organization established in 1975 created to coordinate various political fronts of the left-wing Galician nationalist movement.
History of Multan
Multan in Punjab province of Pakistan, is one of the oldest cities of South Asia, though its exact age has yet to be determined. Multan is known for its rich ancient heritage and historic landmarks. Multan was the capital and primary cultural centre of Punjab region in the bulk of; later ancient and medieval era. A  historic hub of Indian subcontinent, Multan was centre of many civilizations in its 5 millennia old history.

Multan was made a separate state, the Emirate of Multan including in its limits parts of Punjab and Kashmir during the Arab rule of 9th and (or) 10th century. It is famous for its Sufi shrines. Province of Multan was one of the largest and initially established provinces of the Mughal Empire.

Emirate of Multan
The Emirate of Multan was a medieval kingdom in Punjab region in the northwest Indian subcontinent that was centred around the city of Multan (present-day Punjab, Pakistan). It initially extended towards parts of Kashmir, and included parts of present-day Punjab. It was initially ruled by the tribe of Banu Munabbih. In 959 CE, Ismailis under the Lodis gained control of the Emirate and in 1010, it was conquered by the Ghaznavid Empire.
Sportanlage an der Feldgerichtstrasse
The Sportanlage an der Feldgerichtstrasse is a rugby union stadium in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is the home ground of the SC 1880 Frankfurt and also frequently used for international games of the Germany national rugby union team. It was opened in 1924.

In its 2010-2012 European Nations Cup First Division campaign, Germany played its opening game against Poland in the Stadium as well as two warm up matches against a New Zealand Ambassadors XV.

Since 2007, the stadium has also hosted the annual final of the German rugby union championship.

SC 1880 Frankfurt
The Sport-Club Frankfurt 1880 e.V. (or SC 1880 Frankfurt) is a German sports club from Frankfurt am Main. The club is mainly known for its rugby union team, which currently plays in the Rugby-Bundesliga, the highest level of the league system for rugby union in Germany. Apart from rugby, the club hosts other sports such as athletics, curling, field hockey, lacrosse, and tennis.

The club is one of four professional rugby clubs in Germany. The turn to professionalism in a sport otherwise fully amateur in Germany was made possible through the support of Uli Byszio, who owns a gold- and silver trading business. The club became an amateur side once more after the 2012–13 season.
Mia (given name)
Mia is a feminine given name in popular use worldwide. It originated as a diminutive of Maria and other names such as Amelia and Emilia, and was rarely used as an independent given name prior to the 20th century.

The name is often confused with Maia and Maya, both of which can be derived from other sources. The name Mya, which also can be derived from multiple sources, has been used as a spelling variant of Mia as well as of Maya and Maia.  The name Mia can also sometimes share the pronunciation MY-ə with the names Maia, Maya, and Mya, though it is more commonly pronounced MEE-ə, with a long e sound.

Emilia (given name)
Emilia is a feminine Italian given name of Latin origin. The name is popular all over Europe and the Americas. The corresponding masculine name is Emilio. Emily is the English form of the Italian name.
Jack Kelly Sr. (rower)
John Brendan Kelly Sr. (October 4, 1889 – June 20, 1960) was an American triple Olympic champion, the first in the sport of rowing. The Philadelphia-based Kelly was a multimillionaire in the bricklaying and construction industry, and was involved in politics, serving as Pennsylvania secretary of revenue and running unsuccessfully for mayor of Philadelphia in the 1935 Philadelphia mayoral election.

Kelly had four children.  They included actress Grace Kelly, Princess of Monaco (thus Kelly is the maternal grandfather of Albert II, Prince of Monaco), and Jack Kelly Jr., an accomplished rower who served as president of the U.S. Olympic Committee.

Kelly homestead
The Kelly homestead is the ruins of a house in the townland of Drumilra (sometimes misspelled Drimurla) near the town of Newport, County Mayo. The cottage has three rooms and overlooks the Leg of Mutton Lake. It is situated on a boreen off the R311 road from Newport to Castlebar.
Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar
Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar is a legendary saga from early 14th century Iceland about Halfdan Eysteinsson. The main events appear to take place in the 9th century.

Halfdan's grandfather was Þrándr, the eponymous king of Trondheim, who in turn was the son of Sæmingr, king of Hålogaland and son of Odin. Sæmingr had married Nauma who had given her name to Namdalen. Þrándr had married Dagmær, the sister of Svanhvít, the heroine of Hrómundar saga Gripssonar, and they had had the sons Eysteinn and Eirikr inn víðförli. Eirikr is the hero of Eireks saga víðförla and discovered Ódáinsakr. Eysteinn married Ása, the daughter of Sigurd Hart, and Áslaug, the daughter of Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. They had several sons, of whom Halfdan was one.

It deals with Eysteinn's adventures in Staraja Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg), his conquest of Alaborg, and the adventures of his son Halfdan.

Eireks saga víðförla
Eireks Saga Víðförla is a legendary saga about a Norwegian, Eric the Traveller.  He travels to Miklagard, modern Istanbul, with Eric the Dane.  There he interacts with a King, possibly the Eastern Roman Emperor, who informs him on Christianity and Údáinsakr.  After a period of study he then journeys to India and beyond in search of Údáinsakr (the Deathless Acre), and returns. Modern analysis have concluded that the place mentioned is likely in modern Yemen at Aden. This version of the epic was transcribed almost 400 years after the facts reported.  This telling merges the Údáinsakr of Norse mythology with the notion of heaven in Christianity to create a theological bridge between the belief systems. The lone source on the Life of Eric the Traveller is the Icelandic manuscript Skálholtsbók.
Robert Byrne (North Dakota politician)
Robert Byrne (February 4, 1886 – December 31, 1967) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the Secretary of State of North Dakota from 1925 to 1934. Byrne served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1917 to 1920, and in the North Dakota Senate from 1921 to 1924. He first won election to the Secretary of State position in 1924, and served until he was defeated by James D. Gronna in the 1934 Republican Primary.

In 1930, when the Capitol building was on fire, Byrne was able to save an original copy of the state Constitution from fire, suffering cuts and burns in the process.

He died in Bismarck, North Dakota at the age of 81 in 1967.

North Dakota Secretary of State
The North Dakota secretary of state is an elected office in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The incumbent as of 2023 was Michael Howe. Duties of the secretary of state include being the custodian of the state's Great Seal and other official state documents, recording the official acts of the governor, distributing copies of legislative resolutions, and recording original bills and resolutions from each biennial Legislative Assembly. Other duties of the office include those pertaining to statewide elections, licensing within the state, and recording trademarks. The secretary of state is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of North Dakota.
Nuclear spectroscopy
Nuclear spectroscopy is a superordinate concept of methods that uses properties of a nucleus to probe material properties. By emission or absorption of radiation from the nucleus information of the local structure is obtained, as an interaction of an atom with its closest neighbours. Or a radiation spectrum of the nucleus is detected. Most methods base on hyperfine interactions, which are the interaction of the nucleus with its interaction of its atom's electrons and their interaction with the nearest neighbor atoms as well as external fields. Nuclear spectroscopy is mainly applied to solids and liquids, rarely in gases. Its methods are important tools in condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry., and analysis of chemical composition (analytical chemistry).

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.
Dmitri Tomashevich
Dmitri Tomashevich (Дмитрий Томашевич; born 6 March 1974) is a former tennis player from Uzbekistan, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was defeated in the first round by Slovakia's Karol Kučera. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on June 5, 1996, when he became the number 261 of the world. He has been the Uzbekistan Fed Cup coach for Uzbekistan since 2013. He led the Fed Cup team with relatively decent records including 2–0 against Hong Kong Fed Cup 1–0 against Japan Fed Cup, 2–1 against Chinese Taipei, 2–2 against Korea Fed Cup, and 1–1 against Thailand Fed Cup.

Karol Kučera
Karol Kučera (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈkarɔl ˈkutʂera]; born 4 March 1974) is a Slovak tennis coach and former professional player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 6 in September 1998, reaching the semifinals of the Australian Open the same year.