hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Rivera
Edward Rivera (1944-2001) was an American writer, educator and editor with Puerto-Rican roots (Nuyorican). Born in Puerto Rico, from age 7 Rivera grew up in New York. He was a mentor to writers  Abraham Rodríguez  and Ernesto Quiñonez.

Ernesto Quiñonez
Ernesto Quiñonez (born 1965) is an Ecuadorian-Puerto Rican novelist. His work received the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers designation, the Borders Bookstore Original New Voice selection, and was declared a "Notable Book of the Year" by The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. Quiñonez is an associate professor at Cornell University.
Boosted Dart
Boosted Dart is a United States single stage sounding rocket of the Loki family.  Between 1966 and 1968, 39 of these rockets were launched by NASA. The Boosted Dart has a length of 3.30 meters, a diameter of 0.1 meters and a maximum flight altitude of 75 kilometers.

Loki (rocket)
Loki, officially designated 76mm HEAA Rocket T220, was an American unguided anti-aircraft rocket based on the German Taifun. Like the Taifun, Loki never saw service in its original role, but later found widespread use as a sounding rocket. It was so successful in this role that several advanced versions were developed on the basic Loki layout, including the final Super Loki.
Visit by Pope Leo XIV to Turkey and Lebanon
Pope Leo XIV visited Turkey from November 27 to 30, and Lebanon from November 30 to December 2, 2025. The trip was this pope's first apostolic journey abroad since his election in May 2025. The visit to Turkey included an ecumenical commemoration of the 1,700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea.

2025 conclave
A conclave was held on 7 and 8 May 2025 to elect a new pope to succeed Francis, who had died on 21 April 2025. Of the 135 eligible cardinal electors, all but two attended. On the fourth ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, the prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America. After accepting his election, he took the name Leo XIV.
Prüm Ministry
The Prüm Ministry took office in Luxembourg on 20 March 1925. It was formed after the Chamber elections of 1 March 1925 and was supported by the Independent National Party, the Liberals, the Socialists and elements of the Party of the Right. It resigned on 16 July 1926, as the Liberals and Socialists could not agree over a bill for workers' holiday.

Party of the Right (Luxembourg)
The Party of the Right (Luxembourgish: Rietspartei, French: Parti de la droite, German: Rechtspartei), abbreviated to PD, was a political party in Luxembourg between 1914 and 1944.  It was the direct predecessor of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), which has ruled Luxembourg for all but fifteen years since.
Westland Explorers' Monument
The Westland Explorers' Monument, also known as the Explorers' Monument, is an obelisk in Hokitika, New Zealand. It commemorates four men who lost their lives on the West Coast of the South Island between 1863 and 1866. The impetus for its erection in 1868 was the 1866 murder of George Dobson, and early on the monument was referred to as the Dobson Memorial. It was then referred to as the Weld Street Monument in reference to its original location in the centre of the intersection of Weld and Sewell streets. Deemed a traffic impediment, it was shifted to Hokitika Cemetery in 1880, but an even larger structure, the Hokitika Clock Tower, was put in its place at this intersection in 1902/1903.

Hokitika
Hokitika is a town in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Greymouth, and close to the mouth of the Hokitika River. It is the seat and largest town in the Westland District. The town's estimated population is 3,420 as of June 2025.

On a clear day Aoraki / Mount Cook can clearly be seen from Hokitika's main street.
Bid Zard, Kazerun
Bidzard (Persian: بيدزرد, also Romanized as Bidzard) is a village in Jereh Rural District, Jereh and Baladeh District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 684, in 134 families.

Jereh Rural District (Kazerun County)
Jereh Rural District (Persian: دهستان جره) is in Jereh and Baladeh District of Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jereh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baladeh, now the city of Valashahr.
Word guessing
Word guessing refers to a method of reading in which a beginner reader doesn't know what a word is in a sentence, so they guess what the word is and read the rest of the sentence to confirm their guess.

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Mountains of Time
Mountains of Time is the third album released by the band Savoy.  It is the only original Savoy studio album (apart from Mary is Coming) officially released outside of Scandinavia so far, but only in central and Western Europe.  There was a limited edition with a second CD called The Bovarnick Twins, which was an EP of otherwise unavailable bonus tracks. In 2008, the track "Bottomless Pit" was featured in the Moral Orel episode "Sacrifice".

The album was remastered and rereleased on CD and LP in 2017. For this, several tracks were shortened.

Mary Is Coming
Mary Is Coming is the first album released by the band Savoy.  It was a different sound from Paul Waaktaar-Savoy's previous band, a-ha, which had gone on hiatus.  Savoy aimed to be more guitar-oriented.  Mary Is Coming was recorded in Oslo and New York City. The album sold a total of 50,000 copies in Norway and went Gold.  Sales in most other countries were unspectacular, leaving Savoy without a worldwide deal.  The A&R from Warner that signed the band as a spinoff of a-ha had also left the label and a lack of support from them led Savoy to later sign with EMI in Norway.
"Velvet" was re-recorded by a-ha on their 2000 comeback album Minor Earth Major Sky.
2023 Giro di Sicilia
The 2023 Giro di Sicilia is a road cycling stage race that took place between 11 and 14 April 2023 on the island of Sicily in Italy. The race is rated as a category 2.1 event on the 2023 UCI Europe Tour calendar, and is the 27th edition of the Giro di Sicilia.

Giro di Sicilia
Giro di Sicilia (English: Tour of Sicily) is a men's multi-stage bicycle race held on Sicily, Italy. The race was first held in 1907 and was won by Carlo Galetti. The race disappeared from the calendar after the 1977 edition won by Giuseppe Saronni, until it was revived by RCS Sports in 2019. The first edition of the revived race was won by American rider Brandon McNulty. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour, classified as a 2.1 event.

The 2024 edition was cancelled as RCS Sport, in collaboration with the Abruzzo Region, will organize the Giro d'Abruzzo instead.
2019 BNP Paribas Sopot Open
The 2019 BNP Paribas Sopot Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It will be the 2nd edition of the tournament which is part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It will take place in Sopot, Poland between 29 July and 4 August 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Lepidospartum
Lepidospartum is a genus of North American desert shrubs in the daisy family. They are known commonly as broomsages or scalebrooms. These are tall, woody shrubs with stiff twiggy branches that resemble brooms. They are native to the southwestern United States and far northern Mexico. These shrub have thin, narrow, needlelike or scalelike leaves and bear yellow daisy flowers.

Lepidospartum burgessii is an endangered species.

Species

Lepidospartum burgessii - gypsum scalebroom - New Mexico, Texas

Lepidospartum latisquamum - Nevada broomsage - California, Nevada, Utah

Lepidospartum squamatum - California broomsage - California, Arizona, Baja California

Lepidospartum latisquamum
Lepidospartum latisquamum is a species of flowering shrub in the daisy family known by the common name Nevada broomsage. It is native to the southwestern United States from California to Utah, where it grows in woodland and scrub. This is a broomlike shrub growing ribbed stems upright to form a narrow, erect profile. The ridges of the stem are hairless, while the grooves between them are coated in grayish woolly hairs. The leaves are needlelike to thready, 2 to 3 centimeters long and mostly hairless. The inflorescence is a loose cluster of 3 to 5 flower heads. Each head has a nearly cylindrical base of flat, wide phyllaries. It is discoid, containing about five yellow disc florets and no ray florets. The fruit is a hairy, ridged achene with a pappus of long bristles.
Siwi Sukma Adji
Admiral (Ret.) Siwi Sukma Adji (born 14 May 1962) is a retired admiral of the Indonesian Navy who had served as its chief of staff (Indonesian: Kepala Staf Angkatan Laut, abbreviated KSAL or Kasal) since 23 May 2018 until 20 May 2020, replacing Ade Supandi who was retiring.

Before becoming chief of staff, he had served as the commander-general of the National Armed Forces Academy, Advisor for General Planning in TNI HQ, and commander of the western fleet.

Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy
The Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy (Indonesian: Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Laut, abbreviated KSAL or KASAL) is the highest position in the Indonesian Navy. The position is held by the four-star Admiral or Marine General, appointed by and reporting directly to the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Chief of Staff is assisted by Vice Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy, position is held by three-star Admiral or Marine General.
Barren Bluff
Barren Bluff is a prominent rock bluff in the south part of the Sequence Hills along the west side of upper Rennick Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The geographical feature was so named by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1962–63, because of the extremely bare (of loose rock) and exposed nature of the surface; the party had difficulty collecting sufficient stones for construction of a survey beacon. The bluff lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.

Cape Adare
Cape Adare is a prominent cape of black basalt forming the northern tip of the Adare Peninsula and the north-easternmost extremity of Victoria Land, East Antarctica.

It is the site of the first confirmed landing on the Antarctic mainland—undertaken from Antarctic in 1895—and the first base on the Antarctic mainland—established by Southern Cross in 1899. On both occasions an important role was played by Carstens Borchgrevink.
564 Dudu
564 Dudu is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was discovered 9 May 1905 by German astronomer Paul Götz at Heidelberg, and was named for a female character in the novel Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche. Based on observations made with the IRAS, 564 Dudu has a diameter of 49.57 ± 4.9 km, a geometric albedo of 0.0484 ± 0.011, and an absolute magnitude (H-value) of 10.43.

Paul Götz
Paul Götz (1883–1962) was a German astronomer and discoverer of 20 minor planets between 1903 and 1905.

He did his Ph.D. dissertation in 1907 at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl (Königstuhl Observatory, near Heidelberg) at the University of Heidelberg.

At the time, the observatory at Heidelberg was a center for asteroid discovery under the direction of Max Wolf, and several past and future fellow Ph.D.s (Raymond Smith Dugan, Joseph Helffrich, Franz Kaiser, Karl Reinmuth, Emil Ernst, Alfred Bohrmann) made a number of asteroid discoveries. Thus the asteroid discoveries by "P. Gotz" at Heidelberg in this time frame are undoubtedly identified with the Paul Götz who got his Ph.D. in 1907.

The main-belt asteroid 2278 Götz was named in his memory in 1991 (M.P.C. 18447).
Segodnya (TV program)
Segodnya (Russian: Сегодня, literally Today) is a Russian information program of the NTV television company. It has been broadcast since October 11, 1993. Winner of the TEFI awards (1996—1999, 2004, 2025).

NTV (Russia)
NTV (Cyrillic: НТВ) is a Russian free-to-air television channel that was launched as a subsidiary of Vladimir Gusinsky's company Media-Most. Since 14 April 2001 Gazprom Media controls the network. NTV has no official meaning according to Igor Malashenko, the author of the name and co-founder of the company, but in the 1990s unofficial transcripts of the acronym include "New" (Novoje), "Independent" (Nezavisimoje), "Non-governmental" (Negosudarstvennoje), "Our" (Nashe).
Rubroshorea slootenii
Rubroshorea slootenii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Sarawak and southwestern Sabah on Borneo. It grows up to 40 metres tall in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests up to 400 metres elevation.

The species was first described as Shorea slootenii by Peter Shaw Ashton in 1962. In 2022 Ashton and Jacqueline Heckenhauer placed the species in genus Rubroshorea as R. slootenii.

Rubroshorea
Rubroshorea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It includes 71 species of trees native to Borneo, Caroline Islands, Java, Malaya, Maluku, the Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand.

The genus corresponds to the Red meranti group in the Dipterocarp timber classification system.
Mbulelo Sogoni
Mbulelo Sogoni (born 16 January 1966) is a South African politician. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), Sogoni became the fourth Premier of the Eastern Cape on 25 July 2008 when he replaced Nosimo Balindlela until he was succeeded by Noxolo Kiviet on 6 May 2009 following 2009 election. Sogoni entered politics in the trade union movement during apartheid in South Africa and unsuccessfully lobbied for Thabo Mbeki to remain President of the ANC during the 2007 National Conference.

Premier of the Eastern Cape
The premier of the Eastern Cape is the  head of government of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The current premier of the Eastern Cape is Oscar Mabuyane, a member of the African National Congress, who was elected in the 2019 election. He took office on 22 May 2019.
Attacks on the United States (1900–1945)
The United States has been attacked several times throughout its history including attacks on its states and territories, embassies and consulates, and on its military. Attacks against the United States include invasions, military offensives, raids, bombardment and airstrikes on its military, terrorist bombings and shootings, and any other deliberate act of violence against the United States government or military.

Between 1900 and 1945 the United States was attacked numerous times during World War I and World War II, six times along the Mexico–United States border from various conflicts in Mexico, and once each in Nicaragua and in Iran.

USS Langley (CV-1)
USS Langley (CV-1/AV-3) was the United States Navy's first aircraft carrier, converted in 1920 from the collier USS Jupiter (Navy Fleet Collier No. 3), and also the US Navy's first turbo-electric-powered ship. Langley was named after Samuel Langley, an American aviation pioneer. She was the sole member of her class to be rebuilt as a carrier. Conversion of another collier was planned but canceled when the Washington Naval Treaty required the cancellation of the partially built Lexington-class battlecruisers Lexington and Saratoga, freeing up their hulls for conversion into aircraft carriers. Following another conversion to a seaplane tender, Langley saw service in World War II. On 27 February 1942, while ferrying a cargo of USAAF P-40s to Java, she was attacked by nine twin-engine Japanese bombers of the Japanese 21st and 23rd naval air flotillas and so badly damaged that she had to be scuttled by her escorts.
OSK AS-23
Officers' Sports Club Atletik-Slava 1923 (Bulgarian: Офицерски спортен клуб „Атлетик-Слава 1923“, lit. ''Officers' Sports Club Athletic-Glory 1923''), Atletik-Slava 23, or simply AS-23, was a Bulgarian army officers' football club based in the capital of Sofia.

The club colors were black and white and its emblem was a black lion over a white shield. Home ground was what today is the Bulgarian Army Stadium. The club's motto was "Athleticism and Glory."

Ministry of Defence (Bulgaria)
The Ministry of Defence (Bulgarian: Министерство на отбраната, Ministerstvo na otbranata) of Bulgaria is the ministry charged with regulating the Bulgarian Armed Forces. The current Minister of Defence is Atanas Zapryanov.

The present building of the ministry is among the finest examples of the Bulgarian modern architecture from the middle of 20th century. It was designed by the famous Bulgarian architectural team Vasilyov-Tsolov and completed in the period 1939–45.
INDIAai
INDIAai is a web portal launched by the Government of India on 07 March 2024 for artificial intelligence-related developments in India. It is known as the National AI Portal of India, which was jointly started by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), the National e-Governance Division (NeGD) and the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) with support from the Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSE&L) and Ministry of Human Resource Development.

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITy) is an executive agency of the Union Government of the Republic of India. It was carved out of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology on 19 July 2016 as a standalone ministerial agency responsible for IT policy, strategy and development of the electronics industry.
Under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the "Northeast Heritage" Web, owned by the Government of India, publishes information on Northeast India, in 5 Indian languages, Assamese, Meitei (Manipuri), Bodo, Khasi and Mizo, in addition to Hindi and English.
Emil Larsson (ice hockey)
Emil Larsson (born 4 August 1993) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for MoDo Hockey in the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv). He made his Elitserien debut playing with Brynäs IF during the 2012–13 Elitserien season.

Larsson's father is retired hockey player Jan Larsson.

Jan Larsson
Jan Larsson (born September 4, 1965) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey player who is currently an assistant coach for Brynäs IF. Larsson played 680 Elitserien games during his playing career, spending most of that time (16 seasons) with Brynäs.
Daniel Hamilton (basketball)
Daniel Domonique Hamilton (born August 8, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for Beirut Club of the Lebanese Basketball League. He played college basketball for the Connecticut Huskies, and earned second-team all-conference honors in the American Athletic Conference (AAC) as a sophomore. After he decided to forgo his remaining two years of college eligibility, Hamilton was selected in the second round of the 2016 NBA draft by the Denver Nuggets. His draft rights later were traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder.

Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.
Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism
In theoretical physics, the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formalism (named for Igor Batalin and Grigori Vilkovisky) was developed as a method for determining the ghost structure for Lagrangian gauge theories, such as gravity and supergravity, whose corresponding Hamiltonian formulation has constraints not related to a Lie algebra (i.e., the role of Lie algebra structure constants are played by more general structure functions). The BV formalism, based on an action that contains both fields and "antifields", can be thought of as a vast generalization of the original BRST formalism for pure Yang–Mills theory to an arbitrary Lagrangian gauge theory. Other names for the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism are field-antifield formalism, Lagrangian BRST formalism, or BV–BRST formalism. It should not be confused with the Batalin–Fradkin–Vilkovisky (BFV) formalism, which is the Hamiltonian counterpart.

Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity; this is in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory of local supersymmetry. Since the supersymmetry (SUSY) generators form together with the Poincaré algebra and superalgebra, called the super-Poincaré algebra, supersymmetry as a gauge theory makes gravity arise in a natural way.
Lumpenbourgeoisie
Lumpenbourgeoisie is a term used in colonial sociology to describe members of the middle class and upper class (merchants, lawyers, industrialists, etc.) who have little collective self-awareness or economic base and who support the colonial masters. It is often attributed to Andre Gunder Frank in 1972, although the term is already present in several texts by Lukács (1943), Koestler (1945), C. Wright Mills (1951) and also in Paul Baran's The Political Economy of Growth (1957).  Nonetheless, the term was popularized by Frank's book Lumpenbourgeoisie and Lumpendevelopment: Dependency, Class and Politics in Latin America (1972) which used it in its title.

A compound of the German word Lumpen (rags) and French word bourgeoisie, it follows Karl Marx's concept of the lumpenproletariat, a rejected underclass that sides readily with the elite bourgeoisie.

Paul A. Baran
Paul Alexander Baran (/ˈbærən/; 30 August 1909 – 26 March 1964) was an American Marxian economist. In 1951, he was promoted to full professor at Stanford University and became the only tenured Marxist teaching economics in the U.S. until his death in 1964. He wrote The Political Economy of Growth in 1957, and then co-authored with Paul Sweezy the seminal economics text, Monopoly Capital, published posthumously in 1966.