hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions.

Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
The timeline of first Earth observation satellites shows, in chronological order, those successful Earth observation satellites, that is, Earth satellites with a program of Earth science. Sputnik 1, while the first satellite ever launched, did not conduct Earth science. Explorer 1 was the first satellite to make an Earth science discovery when it found the Van Allen belts.
Canvas Creek
Canvas Creek is a stream in Kamloops Division Yale Land District in the Interior region of British Columbia, Canada. It is in the Pacific Ocean drainage basin and is a right tributary of the North Thompson River.

The creek begins on an unnamed alpine slope at an altitude of 206 metres (676 ft) and flows mostly northeast, before curving around to a northwesterly direction to reach its mouth at the North Thompson River, at an altitude of 775 metres (2,543 ft), at a point 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west and upstream of the confluence of that river with the Albreda River and about the same distance from British Columbia Highway 5. The North Thompson River flows via the Thompson River and the Fraser River to the Pacific Ocean. The mouth of the stream just extends into North Thompson Oxbows Manteau Provincial Park.

The name of the creek was officially catalogued on January 29, 1962, based on the name appearing on earlier maps from 1932 and 1942. The origin of the name is unknown.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
Ontoraita
Ontoraita was a town of ancient Bithynia, inhabited in Roman times. The name does not occur among ancient authors but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.

Its site is located near Kükürt, Bilecik Province, Asiatic Turkey.

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Goin' Down (The Monkees song)
"Goin' Down" is a song by the American pop rock band the Monkees, written by all four members of the group along with Diane Hildebrand. It was first released as the B-side to the "Daydream Believer" single on Colgems Records on October 25, 1967, in support of the band's fourth album, Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd. The song managed to bubble under the Billboard Hot 100 upon its release.

Peter Tork
Peter Halsten Thorkelson (February 13, 1942 – February 21, 2019), better known by his stage name Peter Tork, was an American musician and actor. He was best known as the bass guitarist and keyboardist of the Monkees and co-star of the NBC television series of the same name (1966–68).

Tork grew up in Connecticut, and in the mid-1960s as part of the Greenwich Village folk scene in New York City, he befriended musician Stephen Stills. After moving to Los Angeles with Stills, he auditioned for a new musical television sitcom, The Monkees. The series ran from 1966 to 1968 and made Tork and his co-stars teen idols. In addition to albums released with the band, Tork released on Beachwood Recordings one solo album, Stranger Things Have Happened (1994), and later toured with James Lee Stanley, with whom he also recorded three duet albums (Two Man Band, Once Again and Live/Backstage at the Coffee Gallery), as well as his band, Shoe Suede Blues.
Roberta Ratzke
Roberta Silva Ratzke (Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁoˈbɛɾtɐ ˈsiwvɐ ˈʁatski]; born 28 April 1990) is a Brazilian volleyball player for the Brazilian national team. She competed for Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal, and the 2024 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal.

Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube
Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube is a Brazilian women's volleyball club based in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The team competes in the Brazilian Women's Superliga and has won the competition several times while playing under different brand names, including Rexona/AdeS, Unilever, and Rexona–SESC. From the 2017–18 season it adopted the name SESC-RJ, and since 2020–21 the team has competed as SESC-RJ/Flamengo following a partnership with Flamengo and Sesc.

Although they are distinct legal entities, the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation regards Rio de Janeiro as the sporting heir to Paraná Vôlei Clube, combining the titles won by both clubs under the same brand names.
Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92, is a symphony in four movements composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1811 and 1812, while improving his health in the Bohemian spa town of Teplice. The work is dedicated to Count Moritz von Fries.

At its premiere at the university in Vienna on 8 December 1813, Beethoven remarked that it was one of his best works. The second movement, "Allegretto", was so popular that audiences demanded an encore.

Dynamics (music)
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases. Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail. However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context:  a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece. The execution of dynamics also extends beyond loudness to include changes in timbre and sometimes tempo rubato.
Lowell C. Hansen II
Lowell C. Hansen II (born October 11, 1939) is an American politician from South Dakota. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Hansen who is from Sioux Falls, served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1978, serving as Speaker of the House of that body from 1977 to 1978. He was elected  as the 33rd Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota in 1978 and re-elected in 1982 as the running mate of Bill Janklow and served from 1979 until 1987.

Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota
The lieutenant governor of South Dakota is the second-ranking member of the executive branch of South Dakota state government and also serves as presiding officer of the South Dakota Senate. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the governorship if the office becomes vacant, and may also serve as acting governor if the governor is incapacitated or absent from the state.

Since 1974, the lieutenant governor has been elected on a ticket with the governor. Seven lieutenant governors have gone on to be elected governor in their own right: Charles N. Herreid (1900 & 1902), Frank M. Byrne (1912 & 1914), Peter Norbeck (1916 & 1918), William H. McMaster (1920 & 1922), Carl Gunderson (1924), Nils Boe (1964 & 1966) and Dennis Daugaard (2010 & 2014). Three others succeeded to the office of governor: Harvey L. Wollman, Walter Dale Miller, and Larry Rhoden.

The current lieutenant governor is Tony Venhuizen, since 30 January 2025.
Sistefjell Mountain
Sistefjell Mountain (73°23′S 0°44′W﻿ / ﻿73.383°S 0.733°W﻿ / -73.383; -0.733) is a bluff-like mountain situated 10 nautical miles (18 km) southeast of Neumayer Cliffs, at the northeast end of the Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Sistefjell (the last mountain).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Sistefjell Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Neumayer Cliffs
Neumayer Cliffs (German: Neumayersteilwand, 73°7′S 1°45′W﻿ / ﻿73.117°S 1.750°W﻿ / -73.117; -1.750) is a series of abrupt rock cliffs forming the northeast end of Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for German geophysicist Georg von Neumayer. Surveyed by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE), 1949–52.
Daniel Santos (boxer)
Daniel Santos Peña (born October 10, 1975) is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2009. He is a world champion in two weight classes, having held the World Boxing Association (WBO) welterweight title from 2000 to 2001, the WBO light middleweight title from 2002 to 2005, and the World Boxing Association (WBA) light middleweight title from 2008 to 2009. As an amateur, Santos represented Puerto Rico in international events, including the 1990 and 1992 Junior World Championships, Pan American Boxing Tournament, Goodwill Games, 1995 Pan American Games and the 1996 Summer Olympics, where he won a bronze medal at welterweight.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
2007 Waterford Crystal Cup
The 2007 Waterford Crystal Cup was the second staging of the Waterford Crystal Cup. The cup began on 14 January 2007 and ended on 4 February 2007.

Limerick were the defending champions but were defeated by the Limerick Institute of Technology in the preliminary round.

On 4 February 2007, Tipperary won the cup following a 1–17 to 2–11 defeat of Cork in the final. This was their first Waterford Crystal Cup title.

Waterford Crystal Cup
The Waterford Crystal Cup was an annual hurling competition organised by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 2006 to 2015 for the top inter-county teams and third-level institutes and universities in the province of Munster in Ireland.

The series of games were played during January and February. The prize for the winning team is a special piece of glassware donated by Waterford Crystal. This cup competition was always been played on a straight knockout basis whereby once a team loses they are eliminated from the series of games.

The Waterford Crystal Cup was effectively a pre-season tournament.  It allowed teams to blood new players and to experiment prior to the opening of the National Hurling League (for county teams) or Fitzgibbon Cup (for third-level teams).
Athing Mu-Nikolayev
Athing Mu-Nikolayev (/əˈθɪŋ moʊ/; née Mu; born June 8, 2002) is an American middle-distance runner. She is the youngest woman to hold Olympic and world titles in an individual track and field event. At the age of 19, Mu won the gold medal in the 800 meters at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, breaking a national record set by Ajeé Wilson in 2017, and a continental under-20 record. She took a second gold as part of the women's 4 × 400 m relay. She was the 800 m 2022 World champion, becoming the first American woman to win the world championship title over the distance.

Mu holds the world under-20 record in the women's indoor 800 m, which she set in early 2021. She also holds the world U20 best in the indoor 600 meters, set in 2019 when she was 16 years of age with the third fastest time run indoors.

Prefontaine Classic
The Prefontaine Classic is a track and field meet held at Hayward Field on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Organized by the Oregon Track Club, it was previously one of the IAAF Grand Prix events, and is now part of the Diamond League. The meet is one of the few international competitions to host the imperial distances of the Mile run (Bowerman Mile) and 2 Mile run.
Gastric dilatation volvulus
Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), also known as gastric dilation, twisted stomach, or gastric torsion, is a medical condition that affects dogs and rarely cats and guinea pigs, in which the stomach becomes overstretched and rotated by excessive gas content. The condition also involves compression of the  diaphragm and caudal vena cavae. The word bloat is often used as a general term to mean gas distension without stomach torsion (a normal change after eating), or to refer to GDV.

GDV is a life-threatening condition in dogs that requires prompt treatment. It is common in certain breeds; deep-chested and large dog breeds are especially at risk. Mortality rates in dogs range from 10 to 60%, even with treatment. With surgery, the mortality rate is 15 to 33 percent.

Weimaraner
The Weimaraner is a German breed of hunting dog of medium to large size, with history going back at least to the nineteenth century.

It originated in the area of the city of Weimar (then in Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, now in the state of Thuringia), for which it is named. It was recognised as a breed in 1891. It is an all-purpose gun dog, characterised by its speed and stamina, its good nose and eye, and its courage and intelligence; in Germany it is not considered suitable for keeping as a companion dog.
Kochinda Ando
Kochinda Ueekata Ando (東風平 親方 安度; d. 21 October 1839) also known by Takushi Ueekata Ando (沢岻 親方 安度) and his Chinese style name Mō Ishin (毛 惟新), was a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

King Shō Iku dispatched a gratitude envoy for his taking power to Edo, Japan in 1832. Prince Tomigusuku Chōshun and Ando was appointed as Envoy (正使, seishi) and Deputy Envoy (副使, fukushi) respectively. However, Prince Tomigusuku died in Kagoshima; Futenma Chōten (普天間 朝典, also known by Kanegusuku Chōten) served as the political decoy of the prince, took the title "Prince Tomigusuku", and went to Edo. They sailed back in the next year.

He served as a member of sanshikan from 1836 to 1839.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
2022 Montana House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect all 100 members to Montana's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including the U.S. House of Representatives and state senate. The primary election was held on June 7, 2022. Republicans expanded their supermajority in chamber as they did in the senate.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana were held on November 8, 2022, to elect two U.S. Representatives from Montana, one from each of its congressional districts. Prior to this election cycle, Montana had one at-large district, represented by Republican Matt Rosendale. However, during the 2020 redistricting cycle, Montana regained the 2nd district that it lost in 1993.

As a result, Montana became the first state relegated from multi-district to at-large status that reclaimed a second representative in the House of Representatives, in which Rosendale ran for re-election.
Transport for Wales
Transport for Wales (TfW; Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru; TrC) is a not-for-profit company owned by the Welsh Government and managed at arms length by its appointed board. TfW oversees the Transport for Wales Group (TfW Group) consisting of itself and its subsidiaries: Transport for Wales Rail, the train operator of the Wales & Borders railway franchise; Pullman Rail Limited; and TfW Innovation Services Limited, a joint venture between TfW (51%) and former operator KeolisAmey Wales (49%).

TfW contracted KeolisAmey Wales in 2018 to run using the trading name Transport for Wales Rail Services. Due to a fall in passengers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a Welsh-government owned company, Transport for Wales Rail Limited, took over day-to-day operations of the franchise on 7 February 2021.

The company is developing the T Network, an integrated multimodal transport network across Wales, using trains, buses, walking, wheeling and cycling.

Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru, pronounced [ɬəˈwɔdraːɨθ ˈkəmrɨ]) is the devolved government of Wales. It consists of cabinet secretaries and ministers. The government is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru), who selects ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas (such as health, education, economic development, transport and local government) for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.

The current Welsh Government is a Labour minority administration, following the 2021 Senedd election. It is led by Eluned Morgan who has been the first minister of Wales since August 2024.
Trypetheliopsis kassamensis
Trypetheliopsis kassamensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Monoblastiaceae. The species was first described in 1997 by Emmanuël Sérusiaux as Musaespora kassamensis, based on material from Kassam Pass in Papua New Guinea, and was transferred to Trypetheliopsis in 2009; it has since been recorded from Costa Rica. It is distinguished from related species by a saffron to orange-yellow pigment inside its spore-producing structures that turns carmine red with potassium hydroxide solution.

Monoblastiaceae
The Monoblastiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic order Monoblastiales. It contains six genera. These lichens typically form inconspicuous thin crusts or films on bark, rock, or leaves, often appearing as little more than a whitish or greyish discolouration of the surface. They reproduce through tiny black flask-shaped structures embedded in the crust that release spores through small pores at their tips. The family includes about 120 species distributed worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where they grow in humid environments.
Neo-classical school (criminology)
In criminology, the Neo-Classical School continues the traditions of the Classical School  the framework of Right Realism. Hence, the utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria remains a relevant social philosophy in policy term for using punishment as a deterrent through law enforcement, the courts, and imprisonment.

Travis Hirschi
Travis Warner Hirschi (April 15, 1935 – January 2, 2017) was an American sociologist and an emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Arizona. He helped to develop the modern version of the social control theory of crime and later the self-control theory of crime.
Middlesex, Western Australia
Middlesex is a rural locality of the Shire of Manjimup in the South West region of Western Australia. The locality's western border is formed by the South Western Highway while the Muir Highway forms its eastern border. A small section of the Sir James Mitchell National Park is also located within Middlesex.

Middlesex is located on the traditional land of the Bibulman people of the Noongar nation.

The locality is also home to three heritage listed sites: the Middlesex Hall, the former school house and the former Group Settler's Cottage.

Shire of Manjimup
The Shire of Manjimup is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, about 320 kilometres (200 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 7,027 square kilometres (2,713 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Manjimup.
Antón García Abril
Antón García Abril OAXS (19 May 1933 – 17 March 2021) was a Spanish composer and musician. He composed many classical orchestral works, chamber and vocal pieces, as well as over 150 scores for film and television.

Night of the Seagulls
Night of the Seagulls (Original Spanish: La noche de las gaviotas, also known as Don't Go Out at Night, and Night of the Death Cult) is a 1975 Spanish horror film written and directed by Amando de Ossorio. The film is the fourth and final in the Blind Dead series, being the sequel to The Ghost Galleon (1974).
Dysprosium(III) oxalate
Dysprosium(III) oxalate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Dy2(C2O4)3. It forms hydrates, with the decahydrate Dy2(C2O4)3·10H2O being commonly encountered. The anhydrous form is amorphous and unstable, decomposing to dysprosium(III) oxide at 610°C. It is insoluble in water.

Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH, also written as (COOH)2 or (CO2H)2 or H2C2O4. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels. It occurs naturally in many foods.  It can be toxic when eaten in significant quantities, and contact with concentrated forms can cause chemical burns.

Oxalic acid is a much stronger acid than acetic acid. It is a reducing agent and its conjugate bases hydrogenoxalate (HC2O−4) and oxalate (C2O2−4) are chelating agents for metal cations. It is used as a cleaning agent, especially for the removal of rust, because it forms a water-soluble ferric iron complex, the ferrioxalate ion. Oxalic acid typically occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4·2H2O.
Original Copasetics
The Original Copasetics were an ensemble of star tap dancers formed in 1949 on the death of Bill Bojangles Robinson that helped to revive the art of tap. The first group included composer/arranger Billy Strayhorn and the choreographer Cholly Atkins, as well as  Honi Coles, Charles “Cookie” Cook and his dance partner Ernest “Brownie” Brown. Other dancers included Chuck Green, Jimmy Slyde, Buster Brown and Howard “Sandman” Sims. The group took its name from Robinson’s familiar observation that “everything is copasetic” and was honored in the 1989 Broadway revue Black and Blue.

Cholly Atkins
Charles "Cholly" Atkins (born Charles Sylvan Atkinson; September 13, 1913 – April 19, 2003) was an American dancer and vaudeville performer, who later became noted as the house choreographer for the various artists on the label Motown.