hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shoreline Pedestrian Bikepath
The Shoreline Pedestrian Bikepath also known as the Long Beach Bike Path is a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) path along the Pacific Ocean from  Shoreline Village in downtown Long Beach, California to Belmont Shore, Los Angeles County. It was completed in 1988 and is used by walkers, joggers, and skaters. In 2013 the California Coastal Commission approved a second path for pedestrians to run parallel to the path used primarily by bicyclists.

Downtown Long Beach
Downtown Long Beach, California, United States is the location for most of the city's major tourist attractions, municipal services and for numerous businesses. There are many hotels and restaurants in the area that serve locals, tourists, and convention visitors.
Radley Stakes
The Radley Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies aged two years only.
It is run at Newbury over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October. It is currently known for sponsorship reasons as the D&H Racing Stakes.

Newbury Racecourse
Newbury Racecourse is a racecourse and events venue in the civil parish of Greenham, adjoining the town of Newbury in Berkshire, England.  It has courses for flat races and over jumps. It hosts one of Great Britain's 36 annual Group 1 flat races, the Lockinge Stakes.

The racecourse is noted for its proximity to the Lambourn training centre, which means that the course is often home to locally-grown talent as well as attracting horses from further afield. Newbury's major races include the Lockinge Stakes and its most famous race, the Coral Gold Cup (formerly known as the Hennessy Gold Cup).
Ardcath
Ardcath (Irish: Ard Cath, meaning 'height of the battle') is a small village in County Meath, Ireland. The surrounding villages include Garristown, Clonalvy, Duleek, Battramstown, Bellewstown and Stamullen. Ardcath is 12 km south of Drogheda and 31 km north of Dublin city centre.

Bellewstown
Bellewstown (Irish: Baile an Bheileogaigh) is a townland and village located 8 km south of Drogheda, on the Hill of Crockafotha in County Meath in Ireland. Bellewstown townland, which is in the electoral division of Ardcath and the civil parish of Duleek, had a population of 499 as of the 2011 census. It takes its name from the Anglo-Irish Bellew family, who were the dominant local landowners from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.
Inca plan
The Inca plan (Spanish: Plan del Inca) was a proposal formulated in 1816 by Manuel Belgrano to the Congress of Tucumán, aiming to crown a Sapa Inca to lead the independent territory. After the Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces of South America (modern Argentina), the Congress discussed the form of government that should be used. Belgrano proposed that the country be ruled by a Constitutional monarchy headed by a restored Inca ruler. The proposal was supported by José de San Martín, Martín Miguel de Güemes and the northern provinces, but found strong resistance from Buenos Aires. The Congress would ultimately reject it, creating instead a Republican government.

Argentine Declaration of Independence
The Independence of the Argentine Republic (or La Independencia de Argentina in Spanish) was declared on July 9, 1816, by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is one of the official names of the Argentine Republic. The Federal League Provinces, at war with the United Provinces, were not allowed into the Congress. At the same time, several provinces from the Upper Peru that would later become part of present-day Bolivia, were represented at the Congress.
Naha Civic Hall
The Naha Civic Hall (那覇市民会館, Nahashiminkaikan) was a multi-purpose event hall located in Naha, Japan. It was completed in November 1970 and was closed in October 2016 for safety reasons. Its function as a performance hall was transferred to the Naha Cultural Arts Theater NAHArt, that opened on October the 31st, 2021.The hall hosted notable bands such as Kansas.

Naha
Naha (Japanese: 那覇市, Hepburn: Naha-shi; Japanese: [naꜜ.ha, na.haꜜ.ɕi]; Okinawan: Naafa or Nafa) is the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 317,405 and a population density of 7,939 people per km2 (20,562 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 39.98 km2 (15.44 sq mi).

Naha is located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921. Before that, Naha had been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.

Naha is the political, economic and educational center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was the commercial center of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Elections in Suriname
Suriname elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college based on the parliament. The National Assembly (Nationale Assemblée) has 51 members, elected every five years by proportional representation per district. 
Suriname has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Suriname held general elections in 1928, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1938, 1942, 1946, 1949, 1951, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1977, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2025.

1969 Surinamese general election
General elections were held in Suriname on 24 October 1969. The result was a victory for the VHP bloc (an alliance of the VHP, the Indonesian People's Party and the Action Group), which won 19 of the 39 seats.
Romantic epistemology
Romantic epistemology emerged from the Romantic challenge to both the static, materialist views of the Enlightenment (Hobbes) and the contrary idealist stream (Hume) when it came to studying life. Romanticism needed to develop a new theory of knowledge that went beyond the method of inertial science, derived from the study of inert nature (natura naturata), to encompass vital nature (natura naturans).  Samuel Taylor Coleridge was at the core of the development of the new approach, both in terms of art and the 'science of knowledge' itself (epistemology). Coleridge's ideas regarding the philosophy of science involved Romantic science in general, but Romantic medicine in particular, as it was essentially a philosophy of the science(s) of life.

What is Life? Were such a question proposed, we should be tempted to answer, what is not Life that really is?

Thomas Reid
Thomas Reid FRSE (/riːd/; 7 May (O.S. 26 April) 1710 – 7 October 1796) was a religiously trained Scottish philosopher best known for his philosophical method, his theory of perception, and its wide implications on epistemology, and as the developer and defender of an agent-causal theory of free will. He also focused extensively on ethics, theory of action, language and philosophy of mind.

He was the founder of the Scottish School of Common Sense and played an integral role in the Scottish Enlightenment. In 1783 he was a joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. A contemporary of David Hume, Reid was also "Hume's earliest and fiercest critic".
Brenna, Poland
Brennaⓘ is a village in and the seat of Gmina Brenna, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, located in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It is located in the Silesian Beskids mountain range, along the river Brennica, right tributary of the Vistula river.

Silesian Beskids
Silesian Beskids (Polish: Beskid Śląskiⓘ, Czech: Slezské Beskydyⓘ, German: Schlesische Beskiden) is one of the Beskids mountain ranges in the Outer Western Carpathians in southern Silesian Voivodeship, Poland and the eastern Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

Most of the range lies in Poland. It is separated from the Moravian-Silesian Beskids by the Jablunkov Pass.

The Polish part of the range includes the protected area called Silesian Beskids Landscape Park.
Sturt Lions FC
Sturt Lions Soccer Club is an Australian professional football club in Adelaide, South Australia. Nicknamed the Lions, Sturt are associated with FFSA, and they currently play in NPL SA following promotion from SA State League 1 in 2025.

FK Beograd (Australia)
FK Beograd, formerly known as White City Woodville, is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in Woodville, Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 1949 by the Serbian Australian community, the club currently competes in the South Australian National Premier League. FK Beograd was formerly coached by former Australian international Milan Ivanović. They are currently coached by Adrian D'Aloia with his assistants of Lee Addison and John Falidis.
Appuleia gens
The gens Appuleia, occasionally written Apuleia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which flourished from the fifth century BC into imperial times.  The first of the gens to achieve importance was Lucius Appuleius, tribune of the plebs in 391 BC.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Sakhi, Iran
Sakhi (Persian: سخي, also Romanized as Sakhī) is a village in Hoseynabad Rural District, in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 649, in 96 families.

Hoseynabad Rural District (Shush County)
Hoseynabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان حسين آباد) is in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Amaleh-ye Teymur. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hashiyeh Sheykh Khalaf.
Cosocle
In mathematics, the term cosocle (socle meaning pedestal in French) has several related meanings.

In group theory, a cosocle of a group G, denoted by   Cosoc(G), is the intersection of all maximal normal subgroups of G.  If G is a quasisimple group, then Cosoc(G) = Z(G).

In the context of Lie algebras, a cosocle of a symmetric Lie algebra is the eigenspace of its structural automorphism that corresponds to the eigenvalue +1. (A symmetric Lie algebra decomposes into the direct sum of its socle and cosocle.)

In the context of module theory, the cosocle of a module over a ring R is defined to be the maximal semisimple quotient of the module.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.
No. 8 Operational Training Unit RAAF
No. 8 Operational Training Unit (8OTU) was an operational training unit of the Royal Australian Air Force located at RAAF Station Narromine, Narromine, New South Wales from 1942.

8OTU moved to RAAF Station Parkes, Parkes, New South Wales in 1944.

Parkes, New South Wales
Parkes is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the main settlement in the local government area of Parkes Shire. Parkes had a population of 9,832 at the 2021 census.

Parkes is part of the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri people, the largest language group in NSW with a country of more than 120,000 square kilometres.
Extraction (album)
Extraction is the tenth studio album by guitarist Greg Howe, in collaboration with drummer Dennis Chambers and bassist Victor Wooten. It was released on October 7, 2003, by Tone Center Records, after a very difficult recording process which spanned two years, resulting in disagreements between the three musicians and Shrapnel Records founder Mike Varney, as well as several delays in the release date.

"A Delicacy" is a re-recording of an instrumental released on Now Hear This, a 1991 album by Howe II (an earlier band formed by Howe). "Proto Cosmos" is a  jazz fusion composition by pianist Alan Pasqua that appeared on The New Tony Williams Lifetime's 1975 album Believe It.

Now Hear This (Howe II album)
Now Hear This is the second and final studio album by hard rock band Howe II, released in 1991 through Shrapnel Records. Following the album's release, guitarist Greg Howe would re-focus on his solo career, beginning with his 1993 album Introspection.
Corps of drums
A corps of drums, sometimes known as a fife and drum corps or simply field music, is a traditional European military music formation. Historically, a Corps of Drums' primary role was communication. Today, the primary role of a Corps of Drums is ceremonial, performing in parades and military ceremonies. Besides drums, this formation may contain a variety of instruments, including trumpets, bugles, and fifes.

Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Raised in 1674 as one of three 'English' units in the Dutch Anglo-Scots Brigade, it accompanied William III to England in the November 1688 Glorious Revolution and became part of the English establishment in 1689.

In 1751, it became the 5th Regiment of Foot, with the regional title 'Northumberland' added in 1782; in 1836,  it was designated a Fusilier unit and became the 5th (Northumberland Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot.

After the 1881 Childers Reforms, it adopted the title Northumberland Fusiliers, then Royal Northumberland Fusiliers on 3 June 1935. In 1968, it was amalgamated with the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and Lancashire Fusiliers to form the present Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.
2025 World Para Archery Championships – Men's individual recurve open
The men's individual recurve open competition at the 2025 World Para Archery Championships, which will take place from 23 to 28 September 2025 in Gwangju, South Korea. Kevin Mather is the defending champion.

2025 World Para Archery Championships
The 2025 World Para Archery Championships was the 15th edition of the World Para Archery Championships. It took place from 22 to 28 September 2025 in Gwangju, South Korea. 239 athletes from 47 countries competed across seventeen events at the championships.
Iowa Highway 5
Iowa Highway 5 is a highway in southern Iowa.  It is a north–south highway with a length of 105 miles (169 km).  It is the northernmost segment of a three-state "Highway 5" also involving Missouri Route 5 and  Arkansas Highway 5.  Portions of the highway are freeway and expressway.  It had previously been designated Iowa Highway 60.  The southern terminus of Iowa Highway 5 is at the Missouri border southwest of Cincinnati.  Its northern terminus is at Interstate 35 at West Des Moines.

Iowa Highway 60
Iowa Highway 60 (Iowa 60) is a north–south state highway in northwest Iowa.  The highway runs at a southwest-to-northeast angle.  The southern end of Iowa Highway 60 is near Le Mars at a freeway interchange with U.S. Highway 75 and U.S. Highway 75 Business.  Its northern end is at the Minnesota border just south of Bigelow, Minnesota, where the highway continues in Minnesota as Minnesota State Highway 60.

The highway was designated on January 1, 1969, when it replaced Iowa 33.  It was renumbered to provide a continuous number across the state line into Minnesota.  Since 2004, the highway has been upgraded to expressway status, with some freeway sections, as part of a highway corridor connecting Sioux City with the Twin Cities metropolitan area in Minnesota.
Keratin 5
Keratin 5, also known as KRT5, K5, or CK5, is a protein that is encoded in humans by the KRT5 gene. It dimerizes with keratin 14 and forms the intermediate filaments (IF) that make up the cytoskeleton of basal epithelial cells. This protein is involved in several diseases including epidermolysis bullosa simplex and breast and lung cancers.

Basal-like carcinoma
The basal-like carcinoma is a recently proposed subtype of breast cancer defined by its gene expression and protein expression profile.

Breast cancer can be divided into five molecular subtypes, including luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, normal breast-like subtype, HER-2 overexpression subtype, and basal-like subtype. Genotyping fundamentally provides breast cancer patients with improved prognosis and treatment. In all molecular subtypes, basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is still the biggest challenge in current research due to its strong invasiveness and molecular biological characteristics.
Zaytoven
Xavier Lamar Dotson (born January 12, 1980), known professionally as Zaytoven, is an American record producer from Atlanta, Georgia. He has released collaborative projects with artists including Gucci Mane, Usher, Future, Young Dolph, Migos, Lecrae, Lil Yachty, Chief Keef, Young Scooter, B.o.B, Boosie Badazz, Waka Flocka Flame, 21 Savage, Deitrick Haddon and La Fève.

Zaytoven signed with Gucci Mane's 1017 Records as an in-house producer after producing the latter's 2005 single "Icy". He was credited on Usher's 2009 single "Papers", which peaked within the Billboard Hot 100's top 40.

Young Scooter
Kenneth Edward Rashad Bailey (March 28, 1986 – March 28, 2025), better known by his stage name Young Scooter, was an American rapper. He was one of the first acts to sign with fellow Atlanta rapper Future's record label, Freebandz, in 2012. In 2013, he jointly signed with Waka Flocka Flame's Brick Squad Monopoly, an imprint of Gucci Mane's 1017 Records.
He is known for his mixtape Street Lottery (2012) and its lead single, "Colombia". His guest appearance on Future and Juice Wrld's 2018 song "Jet Lag" marked his sole entry on the Billboard Hot 100.
San Francisco de Becerra
San Francisco de Becerra (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ fɾanˈsisko ðe βeˈsera]) is a municipality in the interior of the Honduran department of Olancho, slightly to the south. It is bordered by Juticalpa in the west and Catacamas in the east.

Juticalpa
Juticalpa (Spanish pronunciation: [xutiˈkalpa]) is the capital of Olancho Department in Honduras, with a population of 75,790 (2023 calculation), and the municipal seat of Juticalpa Municipality.  Situated in a broad river valley alongside the Rio Juticalpa, the town is a commercial centre for much of Olancho's ranching and agricultural economy.

Its Catedral de la Inmaculada Concepción, devoted to the immaculate Conception, is the cathedral episcopal see of the suffragan Roman Catholic Diocese of Juticalpa.
2009–10 CEV Challenge Cup
The 2009–10 CEV Challenge Cup was the 30th edition of the European Challenge Cup volleyball club tournament, the former CEV Cup.

The Italian club RPA-LuigiBacchi.it Perugia beat the Croatian club Mladost Zagreb in the final and achieved its unique CEV Challenge Cup trophy.

CEV Challenge Cup
The CEV Challenge Cup is the third tier official competition for men's volleyball clubs from the whole of Europe.

The competition started in the 1980–81 season under the name CEV Cup. In 2007 it was renamed to CEV Challenge Cup.
Tanjay
Tanjay, officially the City of Tanjay (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tanhay; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tanjay; Spanish: Municipio de Tanjay), is a component city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 84,593 people.

The city is home to two indigenous languages, Minagahat and the Cebuano as listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino.

Amlan
Amlan, officially the Municipality of Amlan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Amlan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Amlan), is a municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,566 people.
Staged crash
A staged crash, or crash for cash is when criminals maneuver unsuspecting motorists into crashes in order to make false insurance claims. The cars generally suffer little damage in relation to the large demand that is then fraudulently submitted.

According to the Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, staged car crashes are a growing criminal problem.

Coalition Against Insurance Fraud
The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud is a coalition of insurance organizations, consumers, government agencies and legislative bodies in the United States working to enact anti-fraud legislation, educate the public, and provide anti-fraud advice. They are also a resource where consumers can find scam warnings, learn where to report fraud, and how to protect themselves.

The Coalition was founded in 1993 after several organizations reported a heavy rise in insurance fraud and a need to stop it.
Kokalla I
Kokalla I (850-890 CE) was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He appears to have been the first powerful ruler of the dynasty. He consolidated his kingdom and maintained matrimonial relations with the Rashtrakuta empire, and Chandela dynasty.

He is credited with increasing the prestige of his dynasty through a combination of diplomatic and military maneuvers.

Krishna II
Krishna II or Akālavarṣa(r. 878–914 CE) ascended the Rashtrakuta throne after the demise of his illustrious father Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga. His queen was a Haihaya princess of Chedi called Mahadevi. From the chronology of inscriptions that mention the name of this emperor, it seems Krishna II may have started to rule even during the lifetime of his father. The fact that Amoghavarsha in his last years renounced the affairs of the state in dharmic pursuits supports this claim. The reign of emperor Krishna II saw significant advances in literature,  although in the affairs of expansion of the empire, his reign was mixed. During his reign he cultivated matrimonial alliance with Chedis to form military gain.
Sam Baker (kicker)
Loris Hoskins "Sam" Baker (November 12, 1930 – June 5, 2007) was an American professional football player in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins, Cleveland Browns, Dallas Cowboys and Philadelphia Eagles. While he played several positions, he was best known for being a punter and Placekicker. He played college football at Oregon State College, where he was a star fullback.

Baker led the NFL in scoring in 1957, was a first team All-Pro in 1966, and was selected four times to participate in the league's postseason Pro Bowl All-Star game.

1957 NFL season
The 1957 NFL season was the 38th regular season of the National Football League. After a 5-to-7-game preseason slate, the league's 12 teams played a 12-game league schedule — 72 regular season contests in all.

The season ended on Sunday, December 29, with a "World's Championship Playoff" held in the home city of the Western Conference champions, won 59–14 by the Detroit Lions over the Cleveland Browns.

This was followed by the "All Star Pro-Bowl Game" held January 11, 1959, in Los Angeles, a game won by the East, 28–21.