hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Expanding monomer
Expanding monomers are monomers which increase in volume (expand) during polymerization. They can be added to monomer formulations to counteract the usual volume shrinking (during polymerization) to manufacture products with higher quality and durability. Volume Shrinkage is in first line for the unmeltable thermosets a problem, since those are of fixed shape after polymerization completed.: 2

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Lygodesmia
Lygodesmia, called skeletonplant, is a genus of North American flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.

The name derives from the Greek lygos, a pliant twig, and desme, a bundle, because of the fascicled twiggy or rush-like stems of the plants.

Species

Lygodesmia aphylla - FL GA AL

Lygodesmia arizonica - AZ NM CO UT

Lygodesmia dianthopsis - AZ UT NV ID

Lygodesmia doloresensis - CO UT

Lygodesmia entrada -  UT

Lygodesmia grandiflora - AZ NM CO UT WY

Lygodesmia juncea - widespread across western Canada + western United States

Lygodesmia ramosissima - AZ TX Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora

Lygodesmia texana - TX OK NM Coahuila, Nuevo León

Lygodesmia juncea
Lygodesmia juncea, the rush skeletonplant or just skeletonweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the western and central United States and western Canada. Widespread and considered somewhat weedy, it is adapted to blowing or otherwise disturbed soils, but not to fire. It is a perennial herb. Petals are pink or violet in color and flowers bloom June to September.
Collozoum
Collozoum is a radiolarian genus formerly reported in the subfamily Sphaerozoidae, now reported descending from the order Collodaria. The genus contains bioluminescent species. It is a genus of colonial radiolarians (as opposed to solitary).

Collodaria
Collodaria is a unicellular order (organisms within the order are called Collodarians) under the phylum Radiozoa (or Radiolaria) and the infrakingdom Rhizaria. Like most of the Radiolaria taxonomy, Collodaria was first described by Ernst Haeckel, a German scholar who published three volumes of manuscript describing the extensive samples of Radiolaria collected by the voyage of HMS Challenger.  Recent molecular phylogenetic studies concluded that Collodaria contains three families, Sphaerozodae, Collosphaeridae, and Collophidilidae.
Happy Face (TV series)
Happy Face is an American crime drama television series. It was adapted from the 2018 podcast Happy Face by Melissa Moore, and her 2009 autobiography Shattered Silence, co-written with M. Bridget Cook. The series stars Annaleigh Ashford, James Wolk, Tamera Tomakili, Khiyla Aynne, Benjamin Mackey, and Dennis Quaid.

The series premiered on Paramount+ on March 20, 2025. In July 2025, the series was canceled after one season.

Robert and Michelle King
Robert King (born 1959) and Michelle King (née Stern; born 1962) are an American television writing and producing duo. The two are best known as the creators and showrunners of the legal drama series The Good Wife (2009–16), its spin-offs The Good Fight (2017–22) and Elsbeth (2024–present), and the supernatural drama Evil (2019–24). The two are also the founders of their own production company, King Size Productions. Prior to his television work with his wife, King had worked extensively as a film screenwriter for a wide variety of genres.
South Yosemite League
The South Yosemite League is a high school athletic league that is part of the CIF Central Section.  With the exception of Bakersfield Christian High School (a private school), the league consists of public high schools in Bakersfield, California.

There is a seasonal selection of All League players in the scope of sports administered by the league.

Bakersfield Christian High School

Ridgeview High School

Golden Valley High School

Tehachapi High School

Independence High School

West High School

CIF Central Section
The California Interscholastic Federation—Central Section (CIF-CS) is the governing body of high school athletics in the central and southern portions of the San Joaquin Valley, the Eastern Sierra region, and as of the 2018/9 season, San Luis Obispo County and northern Santa Barbara County on the Central Coast. It is one of ten sections that are comprised by the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). As of the 2020–21 academic year, the Central Section consists of 18 athletic leagues.
Giannini Automobili
Giannini Automobili S.p.A. is an Italian tuning company and a former producer of cars. Their focus has mainly been on Fiat cars. It was founded in 1920 by brothers Attilio and Domenico Giannini. The company headquarters are in Rome, Italy.

Fiat Uno
The Fiat Uno is a supermini manufactured and marketed by Fiat. Launched in 1983, the Uno was produced over a single generation (with an intermediate facelift, 1989) in three and five-door hatchback body styles until 1995 in Europe and until 1 January 2014 in Brazil. Designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro of Italdesign, the Uno strongly recalled the high-roof, up-right packaging of Giugiaro's 1978 Lancia Megagamma concept, in a smaller configuration.

With over 8,800,000 built, it is the eighth most produced automobile platform in history, after the Volkswagen Beetle, Ford Model T, Fiat 124, 1965–1970 GM B platform, 1981–1997 GM J platform, 1961–1964 GM B platform, and 1977–1990 GM B platform.

The Uno name was reintroduced in 2010 in South America for the Fiat Mini (Economy) platform based car built in Brazil.
Newmans Air
Newmans Airways Limited, trading as Newmans Air, was a wholly owned airline subsidiary of Newmans Group (most well known as the owners of Newmans Coach Lines) and served the New Zealand domestic market between 1985 and 1987. It was set up in direct competition with Mount Cook Airline to serve tourist routes. In 1986, Ansett Australia purchased a 50% shareholding, increasing this to 100% in 1987 when the airline was rebranded Ansett New Zealand.

Mount Cook Airline
Mount Cook Airline was a regional airline based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Formerly part of the Mount Cook Group and latterly a subsidiary of Air New Zealand, it operated scheduled services throughout the country under the Air New Zealand Link brand. In December 2019, the brand name was retired with all services operated under the Air New Zealand banner.
Kansas Jayhawks
The Kansas Jayhawks, commonly referred to as simply KU or Kansas, are the athletic teams that represent the University of Kansas. KU is one of three schools in the state of Kansas that participate in NCAA Division I. The Jayhawks are also a member of the Big 12 Conference. KU athletic teams have won fifteen national championships all-time, with twelve of those being NCAA Division I championships: four in men's basketball, one in men's cross country, three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, and one in women's outdoor track and field. Kansas basketball also won two Helms Foundation National Titles in 1922 and 1923, and KU Bowling won the USBC National Title in 2004.

Osceola, Missouri
Osceola is a city in and the county seat of St. Clair County, Missouri, United States. The population was 909 at the 2020 census. During the American Civil War, Osceola was the site of the Sacking of Osceola.
Purpuradusta microdon
Purpuradusta microdon is species of tropical sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. This species lives in the Indo-Pacific oceans.

The shell of this cowry closely resembles that of Purpuradusta minoridens.

Subspecies

Purpuradusta microdon microdon (Gray, 1828)

Purpuradusta microdon chrysalis (Kiener, 1843)

Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries (sg. cowry or cowrie), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.
Schweizer Sackpfeife
The Schweizer Sackpfeife is a type of bagpipe played in Switzerland from the Middle Ages until around 1700.  In German-speaking Switzerland, the pipes are known as "sackpfiff", "sackpfyf", "sagkphiffen", or "sackphiffen".  In French-speaking Switzerland it is known as the musette, "cornamusa", or "cornamuse".  In the Italian-speaking areas it as known as "zampogna", "piva", "musetto" or "corna musa".  In the Romansch language it is called "tudelsac".

An 1884 text noted that the effect of the Swiss bagpipe upon Swiss mercenaries was so pronounced that the instrument had to be banned. The instrument was said to have provoked a deep nostalgia among the Swiss listeners when it was taken up, and plunged them into melancholy when they realised they might never return home.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
2011 Football League play-offs
The Football League play-offs for the 2010–11 season (referred to as the npower Football League Play-Offs for sponsorship reasons) were held in May 2011. The Championship final took place at Wembley Stadium in London, but the League One and Two finals were held at Old Trafford in Manchester, due to a clash with the UEFA Champions League Final.

The play-off semi-finals were played over two legs, contested by the teams who finished in 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th place in the Football League Championship and League One and the 4th-, 5th-, 6th- and 7th-placed teams in the League Two table. The winners of the semi-finals went through to the finals, with the winner of the final gaining promotion for the following season.

The semi-final matches were played from 12 to 20 May 2011. The finals were held between 28 and 30 May 2011.

2010–11 Football League One
The 2010–11 Football League One (known as Npower League One for sponsorship reasons) was the seventh season of the league under its current title and nineteenth season under its current league division format. It started on 7 August 2010.
Puteri Indonesia 2015
Puteri Indonesia 2015, the 19th Puteri Indonesia pageant, was held on February 20, 2015 at Plenary Hall, Jakarta Convention Center, Jakarta, Indonesia. Elvira Devinamira, Puteri Indonesia 2014 of East Java crowned her successor Anindya Kusuma Putri of Central Java at the end of the event.

Thirty-seven contestants from 33 provinces competed for the crown. The winner represented Indonesia at the Miss Universe 2015, while the runners-up competed at the Miss International 2015 and Miss Supranational 2015 pageants.

Paulina Vega, Miss Universe 2014 of Colombia attended the Grand Final Show. The event was broadcast live on Indonesian television network Indosiar.

Miss Universe 2015
Miss Universe 2015 was the 64th Miss Universe pageant, held at The AXIS in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on December 20, 2015. This was the first edition of the pageant to be held under the ownership of WME/IMG, which purchased the Miss Universe Organization from Donald Trump on September 14, 2015. Consequently, it was also the first Miss Universe event to be aired by Fox and Azteca as the pageant's respective English and Spanish broadcasters instead of NBC.

At the conclusion of the event, Paulina Vega of Colombia crowned Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2015. It was the Philippines' third victory after 42 years in the pageant's history.

Contestants from eighty countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition featured Steve Harvey as host and Roselyn Sánchez as backstage host. Charlie Puth, The Band Perry, and Seal performed in this year's pageant.
Progressive Students Federation
Progressive Students Federation (PrSF) is a left-wing socialist students’ organisation based in Pakistan. PrSF was formed in 2014 in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa but was later joined various factions of National Students Federation in Punjab and Sindh. The organisation has mobilised students and youth all over Pakistan for democratisation of campuses, restoration of student unions and universal education.

National Students Federation
The National Students Federation (NSF) is a left-wing student organization in Pakistan. It was founded in 1956 as the successor to the Democratic Students Federation (DSF), which had been banned for its alleged ties to the Communist Party of Pakistan.

Initially dominated by Marxist currents, the NSF later split into Marxist and Maoist factions during the 1960s.
Statutory damages for copyright infringement
Statutory damages for copyright infringement are available under some countries' copyright laws.

The charges allow copyright holders, who succeed with claims of infringement, to receive an amount of compensation per work (as opposed to compensation for losses, an account of profits or damages per infringing copy).  Statutory damages can in some cases be significantly more than the actual damages suffered by the rightsholder or the profits of the infringer.

At least in the United States, the original rationale for statutory damages was that it would often be difficult to establish the number of copies that had been made by an underground pirate business and awards of statutory damages would save rightsholders from having to do so.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
StarDance (Czech TV series) season 2
The second season of StarDance (Czech Republic) debuted on Česká televize on November 3, 2007. Eight celebrities were paired with eight professional ballroom dancers. Marek Eben and Tereza Kostková were the hosts for this season.

StarDance (Czech TV series)
StarDance... Když hvězdy tančí (lit. 'StarDance... When Stars Dance') is the Czech version of the British reality TV competition Strictly Come Dancing and part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise. Eleven seasons were broadcast by Czech Television, hosted by Marek Eben and Tereza Kostková.

A ninth season aired in summer 2018 with ten celebrities competing. StarDance is among the most viewed Czech television programmes with 1.48 million viewers in average in 2018.

A thirteenth season was announced in 2024 with these celebrities:

Actress Marta Dancingerová

Actress Jana Paulová

Fighter Martina Ptáčková

Chef Ta Thuy Dung

Singer, actress Lucie Vondráčková

Actor Filip Blažek

Writer Patrik Hartl

Actor Oskar Hes

Cyclist Jiří Ježek

Singer Ondřej Ruml
Arturo Brion
Arturo Dizon Brion (born December 29, 1946) is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He took his oath as a member of the Supreme Court on March 17, 2008. From 2006 until his appointment to the Supreme Court, Brion served in the cabinet of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
2025 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
This is a list of the five players who earned 2026 PGA Tour cards through Q School in 2025. As part of changes to the PGA Tour's exemption system, the number of cards was capped at five, and all five graduates received fully-exempt status on the PGA Tour. A playoff was held to break a tie for the final card.

PGA Tour rookie in 2025

PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament
The annual PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament, also known as Qualifying School or Q-School, was historically the main method by which golfers earned PGA Tour playing privileges, commonly known as a Tour card. From 2013 to 2022, Q-School granted privileges only for the Korn Ferry Tour, the PGA Tour's official developmental circuit, but in 2023 it began to again award a small number of PGA Tour cards.
Church of Saint Anthony the Great
The Church of San Antón is a Catholic church located in the Old Town neighbourhood of Bilbao, Spain. It is dedicated to Anthony the Great, known as San Antón in Spanish. It is featured, along with the San Antón Bridge, in the city's coat of arms. The estuary of Bilbao flows next to it.

Estuary of Bilbao
The Estuary of Bilbao (Spanish: Ría de Bilbao / Basque: Bilboko Itsasadarra) lies at the common mouth of the rivers Nervion, Ibaizabal and Cadagua, which drain most of Biscay and part of Alava in the Basque Country, Spain. In this instance, the Spanish word estuario is used to describe what in English would normally be called part estuary, part tidal river. The estuary becomes a tidal river which extends 16 km (9.9 mi) into the city of Bilbao, starting from the Bilbao Abra bay. It hosts the port of Bilbao throughout its length, although the Port Authority has recently restored most of the upper reaches to Bilbao and other municipalities for their urban regeneration. The port is now being transferred to the seaboard on the coast at Santurtzi and Zierbena.

Downstream from Bilbao the river divides its metropolitan area into its left bank  (Barakaldo, Sestao, Portugalete and Santurtzi) and right bank (Erandio, Leioa and Getxo).
Hadath
Al-Ḥadath al-Ḥamrā' (Arabic for "Hadath the Red") or Adata (Greek: Ἃδατα) was a town and fortress near the Taurus Mountains (modern southeastern Turkey), which played an important role in the Byzantine–Arab Wars.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Okapi Aalst
Okapi Aalst is a Belgian professional basketball club from Aalst, Belgium. The club competes in the top tier BNXT League and plays its home games in the Okapi Forum, which has a seating capacity of 2,800 people.

Okapi is a long-time participant of the Belgian first division, is the owner of one Belgian Cup and two Supercups. As well, Aalst was a regular participant in European competitions in the past.

In its history the team has included many quality players who would be named Belgian League MVP or have played for top Euroleague and NBA teams, such as Chris Copeland and Matt Lojeski.

Belgian Basketball Cup
The Belgian Basketball Cup (Beker van België / Coupe de Belgique), for sponsorship reasons the Lotto Basketball Cup, is the top tier national basketball cup competition in Belgium. The tournament is played in a knock-out format, in which teams are drawn against each other. Oostende is the most successful club in the competition's history, as it won 19 titles. Antwerp Giants are the last team to have won the Cup, having won the 2025 edition.
NGC 5473
NGC 5473 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered on April 14, 1789, by the astronomer William Herschel. Located roughly 85 million light-years (26.2 megaparsecs) away, it is part of a small galaxy group including NGC 5475 and NGC 5485.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Dali, Teng County
Dali (Chinese: 大黎; pinyin: Dàlí) is a town under the administration of Teng County, Guangxi, China. As of 2020, it administers Dali Residential Community and the following 18 villages:

Dali Village

Litian Village (黎田村)

Chaolin Village (朝林村)

Ping'an Village (平安村)

Guo'an Village (国安村)

Dong'an Village (东安村)

Xing'an Village (兴安村)

Gupan Village (古盘村)

Xiangjiang Village (祥江村)

Yonghe Village (永和村)

Laili Village (来历村)

He'an Village (和安村)

Shangrong Village (上荣村)

Huazhou Village (花洲村)

Lida Village (理答村)

Baizhu Village (白祝村)

Taixing Village (太兴村)

Fudou Village (富斗村)

Teng County
Teng County or Tengxian (Chinese: 藤县; pinyin: Téng Xiàn; Zhuang: Dwngz Yen) is a county of eastern Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Wuzhou. As of 2021, it had a population of 1,125,264 residing in an area of 3,945.62 km2 (1,523.41 sq mi). The county is divided into a northern and southern part by the Xun River.
Waminoa
Waminoa is a genus of acoels which are epizoic on living corals, using the coral's mucus as a source of food. Unusually, these acoels harbor two genera of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates: Symbiodinium and Amphidinium; it is not typical for two different genera of dinoflagellates to coexist in a single host. Waminoa's host coral may also contain dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium but not Amphidinium.

Only two species belonging to this genus have been discovered (W. litus and W. brickneri) and they inhabit coral reefs in the Red Sea, Australia, and Indonesia.

Waminoa litus
Waminoa litus is a species of dinoflagellate-bearing acoel which is epizoic on living corals. This species is unique in that it transmits its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) vertically (from the parent host to the offspring) via eggs, regardless of the heterogeneity of the zooxanthellae. Two dinoflagellate genera have been found to simultaneously live in the parenchyma of W. litus: Symbiodinium and Amphidinium.