hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghetto Life 101
Ghetto Life 101 is a 30-minute radio broadcast documentary exploring the lives of residents of the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It was created by teenagers LeAlan Jones and Lloyd Newman and produced by David Isay for National Public Radio. The broadcast garnered international acclaim and won several awards.

Radio documentary
A radio documentary is a spoken word radio format devoted to non-fiction narrative. It is broadcast on radio as well as distributed through media such as tape, CD, and podcast. A radio documentary, or feature, covers a topic in depth from one or more perspectives, often featuring interviews, commentary, and sound pictures. A radio feature may include original music compositions and creative sound design or can resemble traditional journalistic radio reporting, but cover an issue in greater depth.
Zielonka, Łódź Voivodeship
Zielonka [ʑɛˈlɔŋka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gidle, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Gidle, 10 km (6 mi) south of Radomsko, and 90 km (56 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gidle
Gidle [ˈɡidlɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gidle. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south of Radomsko and 93 km (58 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. In 2007 the village had a population of 1,540.

The previous names of the village included Gidzielice and Gidżle.

Gidle is the site of a Dominican monastery with a chapel of the miraculous figure of Mary, mother of Jesus. The sanctuary is a destination of religious pilgrimages from all over Poland.

Mary Magdalene Church, built in 1659

Carthusian Monastery

The stone figure at the main church

A roadside chapel

17th-century painted testimonies of miraculous healings

17th-century painted testimonies of miraculous healings

Main altar in the church

Details of the altar

Stained-glass window showing St. Dominic
Chhayanath Rara
Chhayanath Rara (Nepali: छायाँनाथ रारा) is an urban municipality located in Mugu District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 480.67 square kilometres (185.59 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality as of 2011 Nepal census is 20,078 individuals. The municipality is divided into total 14 wards.

The municipality was established on 10 March 2017, when Government of Nepal restricted all old administrative structure and announced 753 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.

Shrinagar, Karkibada, Pina, part of Rara, Rowa, Gamgadhi and Ruga Village development committees were Incorporated to form this new municipality. The headquarters of the municipality is situated at Gamgadhi. The district headquarter of Mugu is also situated here.

Ruga, Nepal
Ruga  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2371 people living in 465 individual households.
Thiosulfonate
Thiosulfonate esters are organosulfur compounds with the formula R−SO2−S−R'. The parent member S-methyl methanethiosulfonate CH3−SO2−S−CH3 is a colorless liquid.

Thiosulfonate esters are usually produced by oxidation of disulfides or the nucleophilic attack of thiolates on organosulfonyl halides. The simplest thiosulfonate, CH3SO2SCH3 can however be prepared from dimethyl sulfoxide by treatment with oxalyl chloride.

Thiosulfonate also refers to the thiosulfonate anion R−S2O−2 and its salts. Alkali metal organylthiosulfonates are the salts of organylthiosulfonic acids (e.g., sodium methanethiosulfonate CH3−S2O−2Na+). They are prepared by the reaction of organosulfonyl chlorides with sources of sulfide.

Oxidation with mCPBA gives disulfones.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Gold cyanidation in Romania
Gold cyanidation is a chemical process for extracting gold from low-grade ore. Used in Romania for decades, the process came into debate following the 2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill and proposal of the Roșia Montană Project, which would create the largest operation for gold extraction using cyanides in Europe.

Roșia Montană Project
Roșia Montană Project was a proposed gold and silver mine in Roșia Montană, Romania. If approved, it would have become Europe's largest open-pit gold mine and it would have used the gold cyanidation mining technique. The project met with widespread protests in 2013 that indefinitely delayed the project, which saw its end in 2021, when Roșia Montană became a part of the UNESCO World Heritage list and was also included in the List of World Heritage in Danger. Following these measures, any mining activity in Roșia Montană is prohibited in the future.

The project was majority-owned by Canadian mining company Gabriel Resources (with 80.46%) and by state mining company Minvest Deva (19.31%) and other minority shareholders.

Some local residents refused to sell their properties to the Roșia Montană Gold Corporation and, in order for the project to commence, the state would have needed to exercise eminent domain.
Phantom Brigade
Phantom Brigade is a turn-based tactics video game originally developed by Tetragon Works, but currently being developed by Brace Yourself Games after they acquired the indie studio. Initially in early access on Epic Games Store since November 2020, the full game was released on February 28, 2023. The premise of the game is that the player commands a squad of mechs who obtained a secret prototype weapon that lets them see briefly into the future. The game plays out in a semi-real-time manner with turns being separated into segments of a few seconds each. The player can predict what happens during these turns and set up moves that then play out in real time.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Osmaniye Korkut Ata University
Osmaniye Korkut Ata University (Turkish:Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi) is a university located in Osmaniye, Turkey. It was established in 2007. The university has 12,000 students, 158 academic staff, and 187 administrative staff.

Osmaniye
Osmaniye (pronounced [osˈmaːnije]) is a city on the eastern edge of the Çukurova plain in southern Turkey. It is the seat of Osmaniye Province and Osmaniye District. Its population is 252,186 (2022).

Backed by the foothills of the Nur Mountains, Osmaniye lay on one of the old Silk Roads and was always a place of strategic importance since it straddled the main route between Anatolia and the Middle East.

Osmaniye lies at the centre of a rich agricultural region watered by the Ceyhan river and known for growing peanuts. During the intensely hot summers many residents escape either to the Mediterranean coast or into the Nur mountains. The yayla of Zorkun is a particularly popular mountain retreat.

Osmaniye is strongly associated with Devlet Bahçeli, the leader of the MHP, who was its member of parliament for many years.
Cook Island (New South Wales)
Cook Island, formerly Cooks Island, Turtle Island and Joong-urra-narrian, is an island in the Australian state of New South Wales located on the state's north coast about 600 metres (2,000 ft) north-east of Fingal Head and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south-east of the town of Tweed Heads.: 1, 2

Mount Warning
Mount Warning (Bundjalung: Wollumbin, Wool-oom-bin), a mountain in the Tweed Range in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, was formed from a volcanic plug of the now-gone Tweed Volcano. The mountain is located 14 kilometres (9 mi) west-south-west of Murwillumbah, near the border between New South Wales and Queensland.
Lieutenant James Cook saw the mountain from the sea and named it Mount Warning.
Insubordination Fest
Insubordination Fest was an American annual punk rock music festival held in Baltimore, Maryland, that usually took place over three days, in late June.

The festival started in 2006 as a tenth-anniversary showcase for Insubordination Records, and has been held every summer since.  In the past, the festival has been headlined by bands such as Dillinger Four, Less Than Jake, The Mr. T Experience, The Queers and Teenage Bottlerocket.

Groovie Ghoulies
The Groovie Ghoulies were an American pop punk band from Sacramento, California, United States, whose music took inspiration from horror movies. They released numerous albums, EPs, and singles, and toured internationally.  The band's name was taken from the 1970s animated television series Groovie Goolies, a spinoff of Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.
Glass Rose
Glass Rose (Japanese: 玻璃ノ薔薇, Hepburn: Garasu no Bara) is a point-and-click adventure psychological horror video game developed by Cing and Capcom's Production Studio 3 and published by Capcom for the PlayStation 2. It was released in Japan on November 6, 2003 and later in Europe on March 26, 2004.

Psychological horror
Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction with a particular focus on mental, emotional, and psychological states to frighten, disturb, or unsettle its audience. The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller, and often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable, unreliable, or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense, horror, drama, tension, and paranoia of the setting and plot and to provide an overall creepy, unpleasant, unsettling, or distressing atmosphere.
NGC 4320
NGC 4320, is a peculiar galaxy located about 370 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on April 15, 1865 and is a member of the NGC 4325 Group.

NGC 4320 appears to be the end result of an interaction and merger of two spiral galaxies.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Lincoln Theater (Los Angeles)
The Lincoln Theater is a historic theater in South Los Angeles, California.  The Moorish Revival building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.  Sometimes referred to as the "West Coast Apollo", the Lincoln Theater was one of the most significant establishments along the Central Avenue Corridor; this became the cultural and business hub of the African-American community in Los Angeles from the 1920s to the 1950s.  For more than 30 years, the Lincoln featured live theater, musical acts, talent shows, vaudeville, and motion pictures, including live performances by the leading African-American performers of the era, including Lionel Hampton, Duke Ellington, the Nat King Cole Trio, and Billie Holiday. The Lincoln Theater was managed and directed by Jules Wolf, grandfather of Rock & Roll Photographer, Linda Wolf, The theater was converted to use as a church in 1962. It continues to be used for religious services.

South Los Angeles
South Los Angeles is an urban region in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, lying mostly within the city limits of Los Angeles, south of downtown.
It is defined on Los Angeles city maps as a 16-square-mile (41 km2) rectangle. In 2003, the Los Angeles City Council renamed the area from South Central Los Angeles to its current name.

The name South Los Angeles can also refer to a larger 51-square-mile (130 km2) region that includes areas within the city limits of Los Angeles as well as five unincorporated areas in the southern portion of Los Angeles County.
Azelnidipine
Azelnidipine (INN; marketed under the brand name CalBlock — カルブロック) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Azelnidipine is L and T calcium channel blocker. 
It is sold in Japan by Daiichi-Sankyo pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Drug Controller General Of India (DCGI) has approved the use of azelnipine in India. It is launched under the brand name Azusa (ajanta pharma ltd.) In 2020.

Unlike nicardipine, it has a gradual onset and has a long-lasting antihypertensive effect, with little increase in heart rate.

1,4-Dihydropyridine
1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH=CH)2NH.  The parent compound is uncommon, but derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine are important commercially and biologically. The pervasive cofactors NADH and NADPH are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a class of L-type calcium channel blockers used in the treatment of hypertension. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are also known.
Bayesian poisoning
Bayesian poisoning is a technique used by e-mail spammers to attempt to degrade the effectiveness of spam filters that rely on Bayesian spam filtering. Bayesian filtering relies on Bayesian probability to determine whether an incoming mail is spam or is not spam. The spammer hopes that the addition of random (or even carefully selected) words that are unlikely to appear in a spam message will cause the spam filter to believe the message to be legitimate—a statistical type II error.

Spammers also hope to cause the spam filter to have a higher false positive rate by turning previously innocent words into spammy words in the Bayesian database (statistical type I errors) because a user who trains their spam filter on a poisoned message will be indicating to the filter that the words added by the spammer are a good indication of spam.

Email filtering
Email filtering is the processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria. The term can apply to the intervention of human intelligence, but most often refers to the automatic processing of messages at an SMTP server, possibly applying anti-spam techniques. Filtering can be applied to incoming emails as well as to outgoing ones.

Depending on the calling environment, email filtering software can reject an item at the initial SMTP connection stage or pass it through unchanged for delivery to the user's mailbox.  It is also possible to redirect the message for delivery elsewhere, quarantine it for further checking, modify it or 'tag' it in any other way.
Gustavia fosteri
Gustavia fosteri, one of several plants in the genus Gustavia known by the Spanish common name membrillo, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae.  It is found only on Barro Colorado Island in Panama.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

Gustavia fosteri is distinguished from the more abundant Gustavia superba by several features, including smaller leaves; mostly terminal inflorescences; a calyx comprising four lobes whilst that of Gustavia superba is entire; petals coloured pink throughout rather than white flushed pink; white rather than orange mesocarp "flesh" in the fruit.

Gustavia (plant)
Gustavia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lecythidaceae described by Linnaeus in 1775. It is native to tropical Central America and South America. Many of the species are threatened; some are critically endangered Gustavia superba, though, is actually abundant in re-growing secondary forests.  It grows in northern South America, from Panama south through the Andes as far as Ecuador, and along the Caribbean coast and in the Amazon basin. Gustavia flowers have numerous stamens, in some species as many as 1,200 in a single flower.

The genus name was given by Linnaeus to honor his king, Gustav III of Sweden.
Actuarial Society of South Africa HIV/AIDS models
The Actuarial Society of South Africa HIV/AIDS models, also known as ASSA AIDS models, are a series of mathematical models developed to assist the actuarial profession and the Actuarial Society of South Africa in assessing and addressing the impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa. The models have been developed by the AIDS Committee of the Society and the Center for Actuarial Research (CARe) at the University of Cape Town in Cape Town, South Africa.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
FareFuturo
FareFuturo (meaning "MakeFuture", FF) is a right-wing think tank, which intend develop a new liberal conservative and secular-minded right, on the model of Nicolas Sarkozy's UMP, David Cameron's Conservatives and José María Aznar's PP, who also participated in the foundation.

Gianfranco Fini
Gianfranco Fini (born 3 January 1952) is a retired Italian politician who served as the president of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006. He is the former leader of the far-right Italian Social Movement, the conservative National Alliance, and the center-right Future and Freedom party. He was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in Silvio Berlusconi's government from 2001 to 2006.
Upper Baker Dam
Upper Baker Dam is a dam spanning the Baker River in northern Washington in the United States of America. It is one of two dams on the river, the other one being the Lower Baker Dam a few miles downstream. The dam is used to generate hydroelectricity and provide flood control.

Construction of the dam was finished in 1959 by Puget Sound Energy as part of a power generating scheme, the Baker River Hydroelectric Project. The dam is a concrete gravity structure 312 feet (95 m) high and 1,200 feet (370 m) long, and is capable of producing 91 MW. Its reservoir stretches 9 miles (14 km) upstream and contains 285,000 acre-feet (352,000,000 m3) of water.

Puget Sound Energy
Puget Sound Energy, Inc. (PSE) is an energy utility company based in the U.S. state of Washington that provides electrical power and natural gas to the Puget Sound region. The utility serves electricity to more than 1.24 million customers in Island, King, Kitsap, Kittitas, Pierce, Skagit, Thurston, and Whatcom counties, and provides natural gas to 881,000 customers in King, Kittitas, Lewis, Pierce, Snohomish and Thurston counties. The company's electric and natural gas service area spans 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2).
Peronochaeta
Peronochaeta is a genus of annelid known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. 19 specimens of Peronochaeta are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise < 0.1% of the community. The genus was described by Conway Morris (1979) and re-examined by Eibye-Jacobsen (2004).

Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At 508 million years old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.

The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at several localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass. Another outcrop is in Kootenay National Park 42 km to the south.
Edmund King (cricketer, born 1906)
Edmund Hugh King (26 March 1906 – 25 November 1981) was an English cricketer.  King was a right-handed batsman who bowled off break.  He was born at Birmingham, Warwickshire, and was educated at Ampleforth College.

King made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Sussex in the 1928 County Championship.  He made six further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Glamorgan in the 1932 County Championship. In his total of seven first-class matches, he scored 84 runs at an average of 8.40, with a high score of 24.

King worked as an accountant. He served on Warwickshire's committee from 1936 until his death, and was club chairman from 1962 to 1972. He was chairman of the Test and County Cricket Board's Finance and General Purposes Sub-committee from 1968 until 1980.

He died in a motor accident at Cropthorne, Worcestershire, on 25 November 1981.

Ampleforth College
Ampleforth College is a co-educational fee-charging private boarding school. It opened in 1803 as a boys' school. It is near the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England, on the grounds of Benedictine monastery Ampleforth Abbey. The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas, and lakes. The school has the oldest purpose-built school theatre in the United Kingdom, a dedicated student pub, and its own infirmary. It has received national attention for significant safeguarding failures.

St Laurence Educational Trust and the Ampleforth Abbey Trust are responsible for running Ampleforth College. Boarding fees were £46,740 for the school year 2024/2025.
Krosno, Łódź Voivodeship
Krosno [ˈkrɔsnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Gorzkowice, 26 km (16 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gorzkowice
Gorzkowice [ɡɔʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gorzkowice. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
2021 Copa Sevilla
The 2021 Copa Sevilla was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Seville, Spain between 6 and 12 September 2021.

Copa Sevilla
The Copa Sevilla is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour since 1991. It is held annually at the Real Club de Tenis Betis in Seville, Spain since 1963. It became a Challenger 125 event in September 2023, on its 60th anniversary.