hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feringheea
Feringheea, also Feringeea, was a thuggee gang leader who was captured in 1830 and subsequently became William Henry Sleeman's most valuable approver (the period term for informant) during the British anti-thuggee campaign of the 1830s.

Feringheea became famous after he was featured as the fictional chief of the Thugs in the 1844–1845 serial novel Le Juif errant, and later appeared as the main character in the 1877 novel Le Procès des Thugs. The Independent on Sunday described him as "the Errol Flynn of Thugdom".

Kim A. Wagner
Kim Ati Wagner is a Danish-British historian of colonial India and the British Empire at Queen Mary University of London. He has written a number of books on India, starting with Thuggee: Banditry and the British in early nineteenth-century India in 2007. He followed that up with a source book on Thuggee and has also written on the uprising of 1857 and the Amritsar massacre. A British citizen, Wagner feels an affinity for India.
GraphBLAS
GraphBLAS (/ˈɡræfˌblɑːz/ ⓘ) is an API specification that defines standard building blocks for graph algorithms in the language of linear algebra. GraphBLAS is built upon the notion that a sparse matrix can be used to represent graphs as either an adjacency matrix or an incidence matrix.  The GraphBLAS specification describes how graph operations (e.g. traversing and transforming graphs) can be efficiently implemented via linear algebraic methods (e.g. matrix multiplication) over different semirings.

The development of GraphBLAS and its various implementations is an ongoing community effort, including representatives from industry, academia, and government research labs.

Matrix multiplication
In mathematics, specifically in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the first and the number of columns of the second matrix. The product of matrices A and B is denoted as AB.

Matrix multiplication was first described by the French mathematician Jacques Philippe Marie Binet in 1812, to represent the composition of linear maps that are represented by matrices. Matrix multiplication is thus a basic tool of linear algebra, and as such has numerous applications in many areas of mathematics, as well as in applied mathematics, statistics, physics, economics, and engineering.
Computing matrix products is a central operation in all computational applications of linear algebra.
Naxia
Naxia is a genus of crabs in the family Majidae, containing the following species:

Naxia aries (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

Naxia aurita (Latreille, 1825)

Naxia spinosa (Hess, 1865)

Naxia tumida (Dana, 1851)

Naxia tumida
Naxia tumida, the little seaweed crab, dresser crab, or decorator crab, is a small crab of the family Majidae (with a carapace up to 4 centimetres or 1.6 inches in diameter) that is common in rocky intertidal and subtidal areas on the temperate coasts of Australia, including parts of Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. It is usually found covered in seaweed that acts as camouflage, attached to the hooks on its shell. It attaches the algae or seaweed with a secretion that becomes adhesive when hardened.

Naxia tumida was discovered by the United States Exploring Expedition and described by James Dwight Dana, originally under the name Halimus tumidus. The syntypes appear to have been lost.
Health impact assessment
Health impact assessment (HIA) is defined as "a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population." (ECHP 1999, p. 4)

Social impact assessment
Social impact assessment (SIA) is a methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions. Although SIA is usually applied to planned interventions, the same techniques can be used to evaluate the social impact of unplanned events, for example, disasters, demographic change, and epidemics. SIA is important in applied anthropology, as its main goal is to deliver positive social outcomes and eliminate any possible negative or long term effects.
Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres was an event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. It was held from August 4 to August 8. Eighty athletes from 56 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.27 seconds by Alonzo Babers, returning the United States to the top of the podium for the first time since 1972 (and the 13th time overall). Gabriel Tiacoh won the Ivory Coast's first Olympic medal in any event, with a silver.

Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics
At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, 41 events in athletics were contested. There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries. Women's marathon, women's 3000 meters, and women's 400 meters hurdles debuted at these Games.
Dorothy Hayden Truscott
Dorothy Hayden Truscott (November 3, 1925 – July 4, 2006) was an American bridge player, winner of four world championships and the top-ranked woman for many years. In the late 1960s, she authored two books on the game and later co-authored two with her husband Alan Truscott. Her 1966 book, Bid Better, Play Better is considered a classic and was progressively updated.

Whitehead Women's Pairs
The Whitehead Women's Pairs bridge championship is held at the spring American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

The Whitehead Women's Pairs is a four-session matchpoint (MP) pairs event with two qualifying and two final sessions. The event typically starts on the second Thursday of the NABC and is restricted to female players.
Veyshnoria
Veyshnoria (Russian: Вейшнория, romanized: Veyshnoriya, Belarusian: Вайшнорыя, romanized: Vajšnoryja) is a fictional state created for Zapad 2017, a joint Russo-Belarusian military training exercise. It neighbours Belarus and is an enemy of the Union State. Veyshnoria occupies most of Grodno Region and the northwestern parts of the Minsk and Vitebsk regions.

There are two other fictional enemies of the Zapad 2017 participants: Vesbaria and Lubenia.
Lubenia straddles the Suwałki Gap and covers parts of northeastern Poland and southwestern Lithuania, while Vesbaria covers the rest of Lithuania and central Latvia.

The "proclamation" of the state caused a response on the Internet, often humorous. Since September 2017, a web-based Veyshnoria have been proclaimed, which started acquiring the signs of an Internet-based micronation with more than 18,000 people signing for "citizenship".

Belarus–Russia relations
Belarus and Russia share a land border and constitute the supranational Union State. Several treaties have been concluded between the two nations bilaterally. Russia is Belarus' largest and most important economic and political partner. Both are members of various international organisations, including the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the United Nations.

Belarus under Aleksander Lukashenko has been described by Western observers and pro-democracy activists in Belarus as being a client, puppet, satellite or vassal state of Russia under Vladimir Putin.
Geotrichum candidum
Geotrichum candidum is a fungus which is a member of the human microbiome, notably associated with skin, sputum, and faeces where it occurs in 25–30% of specimens.  It is common in soil and has been isolated from soil collected around the world, in all continents.

G. candidum is the causative agent of the human disease geotrichosis and the plant disease sour rot which infects citrus fruits, tomatoes, carrots, and other vegetables.  It can affect harvested fruit of durians such as Durio graveolens.

G. candidum is used widely in the production of certain dairy products including rind cheeses such as Camembert, Saint-Nectaire, Reblochon, and others. The fungus can also be found in a Nordic yogurt-like product known as viili where it is responsible for the product's velvety texture.

In a 2001 study, G. candidum was found to consume the polycarbonate found in CDs.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Marine Corps Test Unit
The Marine Corps Test Unit 1, or MCTU #1, was an experimental testing unit of the United States Marine Corps.  It was established outside the Fleet Marine Force for the development of specialized tactics, techniques and organizational concepts, and to evaluate its tangible employment in the nuclear age.  It reported directly to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.

Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and is one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the United States. It is on the Southern California coast in San Diego County and is bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente in Orange County to the north, La Cresta and Murrieta in Riverside County to the northeast, and Fallbrook to the east.

The base was established in 1942 to train U.S. Marines for service in World War II. By October 1944, Camp Pendleton was declared a "permanent installation," and by 1946 it became the home of the 1st Marine Division. It was named after Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (1860–1942), who had long advocated setting up a training base for the Marine Corps on the West Coast. Today it is home to many Operating Force units, including the I Marine Expeditionary Force and various training commands.
Experian
Experian plc is a multinational data broker and consumer credit reporting company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Experian is a partner in USPS address validation. It is one of the "Big Three" alongside TransUnion and Equifax.

In addition to its credit services, Experian also sells decision analytic and marketing assistance to businesses, including individual fingerprinting and targeting. Like all credit reporting agencies, the company is required by U.S. law to provide consumers with one free credit report every year.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Calliandra haematomma
Calliandra haematomma is a species of flowering plants of the genus Calliandra in the family Fabaceae. It is a shrub native to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, and Puerto Rico. Calliandra pilosa is a synonym of C. haematomma var. glabrata.

Calliandra
Calliandra is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It contains about 140 species that are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas.
Malagodon madagascariensis
Malagodon madagascariensis is an extinct species of fish in the family Pantanodontidae. It was endemic to eastern Madagascar. Its natural habitats were rivers and swamps. It became extinct due to habitat loss and competition from introduced species of Gambusia. It was originally placed in the genus Pantanodon before being found to belong to its own distinct lineage, described as the genus Malagodon.

Pantanodontidae
Pantanodontidae, the spine killifishes, is a family of killifish in the suborder Cyprinodontoidei. It is the most basal member of the suborder, being the sister to all other members of the clade. It contains about 13 species in 4 genera which are native to freshwater and estuarine habitats of East Africa, including at least formerly Madagascar. In addition, several fossil members of this group are known to have inhabited Europe. Many species have extremely small ranges and some are likely extinct.

The following genera are known:

Aliteranodon Meinema & Huber, 2023

Eremodon Huber & Meinema, 2024

†Malagodon Meinema & Huber, 2023 (extinct ca. 1990s)

Pantanodon G. S. Myers, 1955

The fossil genus †Paralebias Gaudant, 2013 is known from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Europe. It is sometimes synonymized with Pantanodon, although this was done prior to the splitting up of the genus. Paralebias itself may be polyphyletic.
Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars
The Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars was a long series of battles between the Fairhair dynasty and the Earls of Lade. The conflict started when Harald Greycloak was lured into Denmark by Haakon Sigurdsson, where he was killed in battle at Limfjord in Denmark ca. 970. The conflict would come to an end because of Haakon Ericsson's Death at sea around Pentland Firth in 1029-1030, because of King Cnut who called Haakon back to Norway because of Olav Haraldssons attempt to regain the Norwegian throne back from Cnut.

Fairhair dynasty
The Fairhair dynasty (Norwegian: Hårfagreætta) was a family of kings founded by Harald I of Norway (commonly known as "Harald Fairhair", Haraldr inn hárfagri) which united and ruled Norway with few interruptions from the latter half of the 9th century. In the traditional view, this lasted until 1387, however, some modern scholars view this rule as lasting only three generations, ending with Harald Greycloak in the late 10th century. The moniker "Fairhair dynasty" is a retrospective construction: in their lifetime what little traces there are refer to them consistently as "Ynglings".
Champis
Champis is a soft drink created by Robert Roberts in 1918. It was sold already in 1910, but then under a different name. The recipe is secret and the extract is produced by Roberts in Örebro and sold to breweries who prepare and distribute the final product. Along with Sockerdricka, Citronil, Pomril, and Pommac, Champis is one in the first generation of Swedish soft drinks.

Pomril
Pomril is a Swedish soda with origin in Switzerland. In 1905 the company A.B Pomril was founded to produce and sell a Zürich made apple soda.

The soda with the same name as the company was released in shops for the first time in 1906 and became a big seller. In 1911 A.B Pomril started the brand Citronil, but a workers blockade after the company hired strike breakers brought that brand to an end. During World War I the A.B Pomril company and its brand was bought by Apotekarnes. Apotekarnes kept Pomril as its own brand until 1965. In 1999 it started to be sold and produced again, this time by Vasa Bryggeri.
Ashmore, Illinois
Ashmore is a village in the Ashmore Township in Coles County, Illinois, United States. The population was 637 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area. Ashmore, Illinois is the only incorporated community in the United States called "Ashmore."

Mattoon, Illinois
Mattoon (/ˈmæt.tun/ MAT-toon) is a city in Coles County, Illinois, United States. The population was 16,870 as of the 2020 census. The city is home to Lake Land College and has close ties with its neighbor, Charleston. Both are principal cities of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town is home to the "original" Burger King.
Citadel of Pamplona
The Citadel of Pamplona, also known as the New Castle (in Basque, Iruñeko zitadela; in Spanish, Ciudadela de Pamplona), is a Renaissance-era military bastion fort constructed between the 16th and 17th centuries in the city of Pamplona, the capital of the Navarre community in Spain. A large part of the fort remains intact and is currently incorporated into a public park, where cultural activities are held in its buildings.

In 2015, as part of UNESCO's approval process for the further development of the Camino de Santiago in Spain (The Camino de Santiago de Compostela: The French Camino and the Caminos in the North of Spain), Spain submitted documentation entitled Retrospective Inventory – Associated Components. In this inventory, the Citadel of Pamplona is listed as component number 180.

Citadel of Barcelona
The Citadel of Barcelona (in Spanish, Ciudadela de Barcelona; in Catalan, Fortalesa de la Ciutadella) was a bastion fort citadel built in Barcelona. The works commenced in 1714 and, at the time of its construction, it was the largest fortress in Europe, capable of housing 8,000 troops.

It was designed by the military engineer Marquis of Verboom, who would also, in 1718, be appointed the Citadel's first governor.

Although its fortifications were dismantled in the mid-19th century, some of its original buildings still remain, including its arsenal, today the Palau del Parlament de Catalunya, the seat of the Catalan Parliament. The rest of the site was converted into the city's main central park, the Parc de la Ciutadella, by the architect Josep Fontserè in 1872.
Cosima von Bonin
Cosima von Bonin (born 1962) is a German contemporary artist whose practice includes sculptures, textiles, sound, film, and performances. Von Bonin draws inspiration from the intellectual, artistic, and musical culture of her neighborhood in Cologne, Germany, where she lives and works with her husband, Michael Krebber. She is known for being a political artist as well as by her humor, aquatic caricatures, and use of pop-culture characters, such as Daffy Duck.

Museum Ludwig
Museum Ludwig, located in Cologne, Germany, houses a collection of modern art. It includes works from Pop Art, Abstract and Surrealism, and has one of the largest Picasso collections in Europe. It holds many works by Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein.
Hurricane Katrina disaster relief
The disaster recovery response to Hurricane Katrina in late 2005 included U.S. federal government agencies such 
as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the United States Coast Guard (USCG), state and local-level agencies, federal and National Guard soldiers, non-governmental organizations, charities, and private individuals. Tens of thousands of volunteers and troops responded or were deployed to the disaster; most in the affected area but also throughout the U.S. at shelters set up in at least 19 states.

HMCS Ville de Québec (FFH 332)
HMCS Ville de Québec (FFH 332)  (commonly referred to as VDQ) is a Halifax-class frigate that has served in the Canadian Forces and Royal Canadian Navy since 1993. Ville de Québec is the third vessel in her class which is the name for the Canadian Patrol Frigate Project. The frigate is the second Royal Canadian Navy ship to be named Ville de Québec. She is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax. The vessel serves on MARLANT missions protecting Canada's sovereignty in the Atlantic Ocean and enforcing Canadian laws in its territorial sea and exclusive economic zone.
Jefferson County, Oregon
Jefferson County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. At the 2020 census, the population was 24,502. The county seat is Madras. The county is named after Mount Jefferson, the second tallest mountain in Oregon.

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs is a federally recognized Native American tribe made of three tribes who put together a confederation. They live on and govern the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of Oregon.
Balgownie Rangers FC
Balgownie Rangers Football Club is an association football club based in Balgownie, New South Wales. They play in the Illawarra District League. Founded in 1883, Balgownie is believed to be the oldest running association football club in Australia.

Football NSW
Football NSW is the governing body for soccer in the Australian state of New South Wales, with the exception of the northern regions of NSW (the governing body for which is Northern New South Wales Football). Football NSW is a member of the national governing body,  Football Australia. Football NSW's premier football competition is the National Premier Leagues NSW. The premier futsal competition is the Futsal Premier League. Prior to 1 April 2007, Football NSW was known as Soccer NSW.
William Reid (British Army officer)
Major-General Sir William Reid GCMG KCB FRS (25 April 1791  – 31 October 1858) was a Scottish military engineer, administrator and meteorologist. He was Governor of the Bermudas (1839–1846), of the British Windward Islands (1846–1848), and of Malta (1851–1858). Reid founded the Bermuda National Library in 1839.

Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
The Royal Military Academy (RMA) at Woolwich, in south-east London, was a British Army military academy for the training of commissioned officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. It later also trained officers of the Royal Corps of Signals and other technical corps. RMA Woolwich was commonly known as "The Shop" because its first building was a converted workshop of the Woolwich Arsenal.
W. J. M. Lokubandara
Wijesinghe Jayaweera Mudiyanselage Lokubandara (5 August 1941 – 14 February 2021: Sinhala: විජෙසිංහ ජයවීර මුදියන්සේලාගේ ලොකුබණ්ඩාර), was a Sri Lankan politician who was Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from 2004 to 2010 and Governor of Sabaragamuwa Province from 2010 to 2015. He was a lawyer by profession, and wrote books, poems, and songs. He held several ministries in the government of Sri Lanka before his appointment as Speaker of the House.

Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
The Speaker of the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the presiding officer of the chamber. The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation of the House, which is based upon the British Westminster parliamentary system. The speaker is second in the Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, after the prime minister.