hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Ryga Award for Social Awareness in Literature
The George Ryga Award for Social Awareness in Literature is a literary award given to a British Columbian author "who has achieved an outstanding degree of social awareness in a new book published in the preceding calendar year." The prize was created in 2004 by Alan Twigg, publisher of BC Book World, along with John Lent of Okanagan College and Ken Smedley, then working for the George Ryga Centre Society. In 2014 Alan Twigg took over responsibility for the award after the sale of Ryga House. Originally the prize included a sculpture/plaque by sculptor, Reg Kienast, entitled The Censor's Golden Rope. Now it includes a cash award of $2,500.

Alan Twigg
Alan Twigg, CM  has received the Order of Canada, as a prolific journalist, historian, biographer, website-builder, film maker, community-builder and athlete. He created Canada's most-read, independent publication about books, BC Bookworld, a trade newspaper for the British Columbia book publishing industry and served as its publisher and main writer for thirty-three years until he gave the business away in 2020. He also founded or co-founded many of the province's major literary awards. When he was accorded an honorary doctorate by Simon Fraser University in 2022, SFU described him as British Columbia's leading man of letters. He also developed  ABCBookWorld, an online encyclopedia of British Columbia authors. He is also a recipient of the Lieutenant Governor's Award for Literary Excellence in 2016.
GWR 4900 Class 4965 Rood Ashton Hall
The Great Western Railway steam locomotive no. 4965 Rood Ashton Hall is a Hall class 4-6-0 steam locomotive. It is preserved at Tyseley Locomotive Works, and is currently awaiting overhaul. The engine last operated in Great Western Railway green livery, and performed regularly on the Shakespeare Express, operated by Vintage Trains, between Birmingham and Stratford-upon-Avon, as well as various excursions.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Abohm
The abohm is the derived unit of electrical resistance in the centimeter-gram-second system of units. One abohm corresponds to 10−9 ohms in the SI system of units, which is a nanoohm.

The emu-cgs (or "electromagnetic cgs") units are one of several systems of electromagnetic units within the centimetre gram second system of units; others include esu-cgs, Gaussian units, and Heaviside–Lorentz units. In these other systems, the abohm is not one of the units.

When a current of one abampere (1 abA) flows through a resistance of 1 abohm, the resulting potential difference across the component is one abvolt (1 abV).

The name abohm was introduced by Kennelly in 1903 as a short name for the long name (absolute) electromagnetic cgs unit of resistance that was in use since the adoption of the cgs system in 1875. The abohm was coherent with the emu-cgs system, in contrast to the ohm, the practical unit of resistance that had been adopted too in 1875.

Ohm
The ohm (symbol: Ω, the uppercase Greek letter omega) is the unit of electrical resistance in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after German physicist Georg Ohm (1789–1854). Various empirically derived standard units for electrical resistance were developed in connection with early telegraphy practice, and the British Association for the Advancement of Science proposed a unit derived from existing units of mass, length and time, and of a convenient scale for practical work as early as 1861.

Following the 2019 revision of the SI, in which the ampere and the kilogram were redefined in terms of fundamental constants, the ohm is now also defined as an exact value in terms of these constants.
Mangystau Region
Mangystau (Kazakh: Маңғыстау, romanized: Mañğystau), formerly known as Mangyshlak (Russian: Мангышлак) from 1973 until 1988, is a region of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Aqtau (a seaport), which has a population of 183,350 (2017); the entire Mangystau Province has a population of 745,909 (2022).

Regions of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is divided into 17 regions and 4 cities. The regions are further subdivided into districts. The four cities, Almaty, Baikonur, Shymkent, and the capital city Astana, do not belong to their surrounding regions.

The regions are also referred to as oblasts, which were one of the second-level subdivisions of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991, there were 17 regions as of 1989.

On 16 March 2022, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that three new regions would be created. Abai Region was created from East Kazakhstan Region with its capital in Semey. Ulytau Region was created from Karaganda Region with its capital in Jezkazgan. Jetisu Region was created from Almaty Region with its capital in Taldykorgan; Almaty Region's capital was moved from Taldykorgan to Qonayev.
European University at Saint Petersburg
The European University at Saint Petersburg (Russian: Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге), sometimes referred to as EUSP, is a non-state graduate university located in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was founded in 1994.

The main language of instruction at the university is Russian. However, the Department of Political Science and Sociology (ranked top three in Eastern Europe and the best in Russia in 2002) in 1998 launched a programme in Russian and Eurasian studies IMARES for graduates of Western universities, which is delivered in English. A similar program though more concentrated on Russian cultural history and arts, MARCA, existed until 2017.  The third MA program with English training, Energy Politics in Eurasia or ENERPO, started in Fall 2012.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Rusty Russell (American football coach)
Harvey Nual "Rusty" Russell (December 4, 1895 – December 21, 1983) was an American football coach at the high school, junior college, and college level in the state of Texas. He served as the head football coach at Southern Methodist University (SMU) from 1950 to 1952 and Howard Payne University from 1962 to 1963, compiling career college football coaching record of 17–30–3. Russell was also head football coach at an orphanage in Fort Worth, Texas, the Masonic Home and School, from 1929 to 1941. He co-authored the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) Code of Ethics in 1952 along with fellow coaches William D. Murray, Lloyd Jordan, and Bud Wilkinson. He is known for developing the spread offense.

Bobby Layne
Robert Lawrence Layne (December 19, 1926 – December 1, 1986) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback for 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns before being selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the third overall pick of the 1948 NFL draft and traded to the Chicago Bears. Layne played one season with the Bears, and then with the New York Bulldogs in 1949, the Detroit Lions from 1950 to 1958, and the Steelers from 1958 to 1962.

Layne was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1968. His number 22 is retired by the Texas Longhorns and the Lions.
Big Lagoon, California
Big Lagoon is a census-designated place in Humboldt County, California, United States, located 7 miles (11 km) north of Trinidad at an elevation of 56 feet (17 m). The population as of the 2020 census was 161, an increase from 93 in the 2010 census. The area covers .61 square miles (1.6 km2), excluding water.

Trinidad, California
Trinidad (Spanish for "Trinity"; Yurok: Chuerey) is a seaside city in Humboldt County, California, located on the Pacific Ocean 8 miles (13 km) north of the Arcata-Eureka Airport and 15 miles (24 km) north of the college town of Arcata. Trinidad is noted for its coastline, with ten public beaches and offshore rocks, part of the California Coastal National Monument, of which Trinidad is a "Gateway City." Fishing operations related to Trinidad Harbor are vital to both local tourism and commercial fishing interests in the region. Situated at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m) above its own North Coast harbor, Trinidad is one of California's smallest incorporated cities by population, with 307 residents in 2020, down from 367 residents in 2010.
Boroughs incorporated in England and Wales 1835–1882
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed 178 existing boroughs. It also allowed for further towns to submit petitions for the grant of a charter of incorporation as a municipal borough. There were 62 such incorporations before the 1835 act was repealed and replaced by the Municipal Corporations Act 1882.

Municipal Corporations Act 1882
The Municipal Corporations Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 50) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that replaced existing legislation governing municipal boroughs in England and Wales, and gave the corporations powers to make bylaws and to acquire land and buildings. Municipal boroughs continued to be regulated by the act until their abolition in 1974.  Parts of the act are still in operation. Sections 190 to 194 were amongst the enactments cited as the Police Acts 1839 to 1893.
Ciliary arteries
The ciliary arteries are divisible into three groups, the long posterior, short posterior, and the anterior.

The short posterior ciliary arteries from six to twelve in number, arise from the ophthalmic artery as it crosses the optic nerve.

The long posterior ciliary arteries, two for each eye, pierce the posterior part of the sclera at some little distance from the optic nerve.

The anterior ciliary arteries are derived from the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery.

Short posterior ciliary arteries
The short posterior ciliary arteries are a number of branches of the ophthalmic artery. They pass forward with the optic nerve to reach the eyeball, piercing the sclera around the entry of the optic nerve into the eyeball.
1947 Wilmington Clippers season
The 1947 Wilmington Clippers season was their eighth season in existence and their fifth in the American Association (American Football League). They finished with a 2–5–1 record. They had one of their best former players, Eddie Michaels return for a final season and be named All-Pro for a fourth time. They were led by quarterbacks Tommy Mont and Frank Moock. They did not qualify for the playoffs. Early in the season, the Clippers made an agreement with the Vineland Senators for the Senators to be their farm team. At that time the Clippers were a farm team of the Washington Redskins.

Tommy Mont
Thomas Allison Mont (June 20, 1922 – January 1, 2012) was an American educator, university administrator, college football coach, and National Football League (NFL) player. He played quarterback for the Washington Redskins as a back-up behind Sammy Baugh for three seasons. Mont served as the head football coach for three years at the University of Maryland and eighteen years at DePauw University. He also served as the DePauw athletic director for fifteen years.
Human echovirus 9
Echovirus 9 (also known as E-9, E.C.H.O. 9, and formerly Coxsackie A23 or A23 virus) is a serotype of echovirus. When first discovered, it was labelled as a coxsackie A virus, A23. It was later discovered that A23 was an echovirus antigenically identical to the already-known echovirus 9.

Echovirus 9 is the most common enterovirus type. It is a common cause of illness in humans, although unlike many enteroviruses, it rarely infects infants. Its transmission is facilitated by crowded conditions. Those who are slightly ill and children are at particular risk of contracting echovirus 9 (A23).

Echovirus
Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family Picornaviridae.
Mali Korinj
Mali Korinj (pronounced [ˈmaːli ˈkɔːɾin]) is a small village in the hills south of Krka in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Krka, Ivančna Gorica
Krka (pronounced [ˈkəɾːka]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. It lies near the source of the Krka River, from which it gets its name. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Margaret River Pro 2016 (women)
The Margaret River Pro 2016 was an event of the Association of Surfing Professionals for 2016 World Surf League.

This event was held from 15 to 26 April at Margaret River, (Western Australia, Australia) and opposed by 18 surfers.

The tournament was won by Tyler Wright (AUS), who beat C.Conlogue (USA) in final.

2016 World Surf League
The 2016 World Surf League World Championship Tour (WCT) is a professional competitive surfing league run by the World Surf League. Men and women compete in separate tours with events taking place from late February to mid-December, at various surfing locations around the world.
Surfers receive points for their best events. The surfer with the most points at the end of the tour (after discarding their two worst results) is announced the 2016 World Surf League Surfing World Champion.
Stenotrema cohuttense
Stenotrema cohuttense, also known as the Cohutta slitmouth, is a rare, range-restricted species of pulmonate land snail in the family Polygyridae. The species is named after the Cohutta Mountains in Georgia.

Polygyridae
Polygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

The Polygyridae make up a significant proportion of the land snail fauna of eastern North America, and are also found in western North America, northern Central America, and are present on some Caribbean islands. The definitive reference to the group is Henry Pilsbry's 1940 monograph.
Vinchio
Vinchio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southeast of Asti.

Vinchio borders the following municipalities: Belveglio, Castelnuovo Calcea, Cortiglione, Mombercelli, Nizza Monferrato, and Vaglio Serra.

Castelnuovo Calcea
Castelnuovo Calcea is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Asti.
1976 World Rowing Championships
The 1976 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held in August 1976 at Villach in Austria. Since 1976 was an Olympic year for rowing, the World Championships did not include the 14 Olympic classes scheduled for the 1976 Summer Olympics. Only three lightweight men's events were scheduled, and all finals were raced on 16 August.

Rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal featured races in 14 events, all held at the rowing basin on Notre Dame Island. Women's events held at 1000 m debuted (they would be lengthened to the men's events of 2000 m at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul).

There was a desire by the IOC's program commission to reduce the number of competitors and a number of recommendations were put to the IOC's executive board on 23 February 1973, which were all accepted. Rowing was the only sport where the number of competitors was increased, and women were admitted for the first time in Olympic history. The quadruple sculls events were introduced at this Olympics, without coxswain for men and with coxswain for women.
Never Say Never (Ian McLagan album)
Never Say Never a 2008 album by former Small Faces and Faces keyboardist Ian McLagan. It is McLagan's sixth full studio album. Never Say Never was released on February 28, 2008, on McLagan's own Maniac Records. McLagan had worked sporadically on the album since before recording and releasing Spiritual Boy, his tribute album to former bandmate Ronnie Lane, in 2006.

The album was rated four out of five stars by AllMusic.

Spiritual Boy
Spiritual Boy is the seventh album by former Small Faces and Faces keyboardist Ian McLagan. The album was intended as a tribute to his bandmate in both groups, singer-songwriter Ronnie Lane, released on what would have been Lane's sixtieth birthday, 1 April 2006, on McLagan's own Maniac Records. Featuring ten tracks either written or co-written by Lane throughout the span of his career as a musician and one written by McLagan for Lane, it was recorded in February and March 2006 at McLagan's Manor, Texas studio, The Doghouse, with his backing group, the Bump Band in tow alongside such guests as famed Austin, Texas disc jockey Jody Denberg.
Cody Lassen
Cody Lassen is an American Tony Award-winning and Grammy nominated theater producer and consultant. He is best known for producing the revival of Spring Awakening, which won him an Ovation Award and a Tony nomination.

Alice by Heart
Alice by Heart is a musical with music by Duncan Sheik, lyrics by Steven Sater, and a book by Sater with Jessie Nelson. Inspired by the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the musical was originally presented in 2012 at the Royal National Theatre in London.
Chehel Mani Rural District
Chehel Mani Rural District (Persian: دهستان چهل منی) is in Sorkh Qaleh District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chehel Mani, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,162 people in 313 households.

Sorkh Qaleh District
Sorkh Qaleh District (Persian: بخش سرخ قلعه) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sorkh Qaleh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 776 people in 223 households.
Akron Pros
The Akron Pros were a professional football team that played in Akron, Ohio from 1908 to 1926. The team originated in 1908 as a semi-pro team named the Akron Indians, but later became Akron Pros in 1920 as the team set out to become a charter member of the American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League (NFL) in 1922). Fritz Pollard, the first black head coach in the NFL, co-coached the Akron Pros in 1921. Paul Robeson played for the team in 1921 as well. He was among the earliest stars of professional football before football became segregated from 1934 to 1946. In 1926, the name was changed back to the Akron Indians, after the earlier semi-pro team. Due to financial problems, the team suspended operations in 1927 and surrendered its franchise the following year.

Professional Football Researchers Association
The Professional Football Researchers Association (PFRA) is an organization of researchers whose mission is to preserve and, in some cases, reconstruct professional American football history. It was founded on June 22, 1979 in Canton, Ohio by writer/historian Bob Carroll and six other football researchers and is currently headed by an executive committee led by its president, George Bozeka, and executive director Leon Elder. Membership in the organization includes some of professional football's foremost historians and authors. The organization is based in Guilford, New York.

The PFRA publishes books and a bimonthly magazine, The Coffin Corner, devoted to topics in professional football history. The organization also gives out awards each year for outstanding achievement in the field of football research.
Legoland Shanghai
30°53′N 121°06′E﻿ / ﻿30.883°N 121.100°E﻿ / 30.883; 121.100

Legoland Shanghai Resort is a theme park located in Fengjing, Jinshan disctrict, Shanghai, China. It is operated by Merlin Entertainments of the United Kingdom. Construction began on November 17, 2021, and the park opened on July 5, 2025. It was the first Legoland theme park in China and fourth in Asia (after the Legoland Malaysia, Legoland Japan and Legoland Korea), and the eleventh worldwide.

The resort spans 318,000 square meters with an investment of 3.6 billion RMB. It includes the Legoland theme park and a Lego-themed hotel. It is the largest Legoland park worldwide.

Legoland Malaysia Resort
Legoland Malaysia Resort is a theme park in Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia. It opened on 15 September 2012 with over 40 interactive rides, shows and attractions. It is the first Legoland theme park in Asia and sixth in the world upon its establishment. Legoland Malaysia was officially opened by Ibrahim Iskandar, Sultan of Johor on 22 September.
Kowloon East (1995 constituency)
Kowloon East was a geographical constituency in the election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1995, which elects one member of the Legislative Council using the first-past-the-post voting system. The constituency covers Kwun Tong District in Kowloon.

The constituency was merged into the Kowloon East constituency in 1998 after the handover of Hong Kong a year before.

Geographical constituency
In Hong Kong, geographical constituencies, as opposed to functional constituencies, are elected by all eligible voters according to geographically demarcated constituencies. There are currently 5 geographical constituencies in Hong Kong, returning 35 members to the Legislative Council.  Following the 2021 electoral reforms passed by the Standing Committee of the mainland National People's Congress, the number of members returned by geographical constituencies would be lowered to 20, while the total number of seats in the Legislative Council would be increased to 90.