hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iryna Shymanovich
Iryna Uladzimiraŭna Shymanovich (Belarusian: Ірына Ўладзіміраўна Шымановіч; Russian: Ирина Владимировна Шиманович, romanized: Irina Vladimirovna Shimanovich; born 30 June 1997) is a Belarusian tennis player. On 11 September 2023, she peaked at No. 66 in the WTA doubles rankings. On 12 June 2023, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 154.

Shymanovich has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and seven doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won 14 singles and 17 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Anhelina Kalinina
Anhelina Serhiyivna Kalinina (Ukrainian: Ангеліна Сергіївна Калініна [ɐnɦeˈl⁽ʲ⁾inɐ serˈɦijiu̯nɐ kɐˈl⁽ʲ⁾in⁽ʲ⁾inɐ]; born 7 February 1997) is a Ukrainian professional tennis player. On 22 May 2023, she reached her career-high  WTA singles ranking of No. 25. She peaked at No. 92 in the doubles rankings in January 2025. She has won two singles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour, as well as 15 titles in singles and three in doubles on the ITF Circuit.
Vinylphosphonic acid
Vinylphosphonic acid is an organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H3PO3H2.  It is a colorless, low-melting solid, although commercial samples are often yellowish viscous liquids.  It is used to prepare adhesives. As in other phosphonic acids, the phosphorus center is tetrahedral, being bonded to an organic group (vinyl in this case), two OH groups, and an oxygen.

Phosphorous acid
Phosphorous acid (or phosphonic acid) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3. It is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by its formula. Phosphorous acid is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds. Organic derivatives of phosphorous acid, compounds with the formula RPO3H2, are called phosphonic acids.
Dobsonia
Dobsonia is a genus of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It contains the following 14 species:

Genus Dobsonia

Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia anderseni

Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia beauforti

Philippine bare-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia chapmani

Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia crenulata

Biak naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia emersa

Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia exoleta

Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia inermis

New Guinea naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia magna

Lesser naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia minor

Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia moluccensis

Panniet naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia pannietensis (including subspecies D. pannietensis remota which is sometimes referred to as D. remota)

Western naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia peroni

New Britain naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia praedatrix

Greenish naked-backed fruit bat, Dobsonia viridis

Panniet naked-backed fruit bat
The Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), also known as the De Vis's Bare-backed Fruit Bat and Panaeati Bare-backed Fruit Bat, is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It roosts in groups, within caves and tree hollows.
Johnnie O. Jackson
Johnnie Otis Jackson (born January 30, 1971, in Hammonton, New Jersey) is an American IFBB professional bodybuilder and powerlifter. Jackson has been said to have one of the best developed upper bodies in professional bodybuilding in the world. He is known for training in Arlington, Texas, with fellow American IFBB pro competitor Branch Warren. Due to his strength, he has sometimes been referred to (especially in 2009) as the world's strongest bodybuilder.

National Physique Committee
The National Physique Committee (NPC) is the largest amateur bodybuilding organization in the United States. Amateur bodybuilders compete in competitions from local to national competitions sanctioned by the NPC. While the term "bodybuilding" is commonly used to refer to athletes participating in contests sanctioned by the NPC and IFBB Pro League, ten divisions are represented including men's bodybuilding, women's bodybuilding, bikini, men's physique, classic physique, women's physique, figure, fitness, wellness and Fit Model.
Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1,500m metres was an event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The final was held on Saturday 31 July 1976 and was contested by 9 athletes. The semifinals were held on 30 July 1976 and were contested by 18 athletes. The heats were held on 29 July 1976 and 45 athletes entered; 42 athletes from 28 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by John Walker of New Zealand, the nation's first 1500 metres title since 1964 and third overall. Ivo Van Damme's silver was Belgium's first medal in the event.

As of 2023, the winning margin of 0.10 seconds remains the narrowest winning margin in the men's 1500 metres at the Olympics since the introduction of fully automatic timing.

Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics
At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, 37 events were contested in athletics. There were a total number of 1005 participating athletes from 80 countries.

The men's 50 kilometres walk competition was dropped from the Olympic athletics programme, despite its constant presence at the games since 1932. The IAAF chose to host its own world championship event instead, a month and a half after the Olympics. This foreshadowed the creation of the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in the following years.
Line 9 (CPTM)
Line 9 (Emerald) (Portuguese: Linha 9–Esmeralda), formerly Line C (Sky Blue) (Linha C–Celeste) and Line C (Emerald) (Linha C–Esmeralda), is one of the thirteen lines that make up the São Paulo Metro Rail Transport Network in Brazil and one of the three lines operated by ViaMobilidade.

The line was previously operated by Fepasa, and subsequently by CPTM. Since 27 January 2022, ViaMobilidade has been operating it under a contract for 30 years, along with Line 8-Diamond.

Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
The Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) (lit. 'São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company') is one of the rapid transit companies serving the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metro, ViaQuatro and ViaMobilidade, all four forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America. It was created on 28 May 1992, from several railroads that already existed in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.

Part of the Greater São Paulo rail system, the CPTM currently operates 57 stations in five lines, with a total length of 199 kilometres (124 mi). The system carries about 2 million passengers a day. On 7 December 2018, CPTM set a weekday ridership record with 3,221,035 trips.
1986 Virginia Slims of Chicago
The 1986 Virginia Slims of Chicago was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois in the United States and was part of the 1986 WTA Tour. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from November 10 through November 16, 1986. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title, her seventh in total at the event, and earned $33,000 first-prize money.

1986 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1986 Virginia Slims World Championship Series  was the 14th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on March 24, 1986, and concluded in December, 1986 after 41 events. The season was abbreviated in order to return the tour to a calendar year basis.

The Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). It was held in place of the WTA Tour from 1983 until 1987 and featured tournaments that had previously been part of the Toyota Series and the Avon Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking. No Australian Open was held during 1986 due to the tournament start date being moved from November to January.
Iris lortetii
Iris lortetii (also known as Lortet's iris or in Israel as the Samarian iris) is a species in the genus Iris. It has straight grey-green leaves, a 30–50 cm tall stem, and large showy flowers in late spring or mid-summer that come in shades of pink, from white, lilac, pale lavender and grey-purple. It is veined and dotted pink or maroon. It has a signal patch that is deep maroon and a sparse and brown, purple-brown or reddish beard.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
2004–05 QMJHL season
The 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's "Best Defensive Forward," and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's "Best Defensive Defenceman." Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule.

Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out the season, and finishing first overall in the regular season winning their second Jean Rougeau Trophy. Rimouski extended its unbeaten streak to 35 games in the playoffs, and lost only once, en route to winning their second President's Cup, defeating the Halifax Mooseheads in the finals.

Rimouski Océanic
The Rimouski Océanic are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The franchise was granted for the 1969–70 season as the Sherbrooke Castors. The Castors played in Sherbrooke from 1969 to 1982 before moving to Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, in 1982 to become the Saint-Jean Castors. In 1989, the team was renamed the Saint-Jean Lynx. In 1995, the team then moved to Rimouski, Quebec, to become the Rimouski Océanic.
1973 European Cup Winners' Cup final
The 1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final was the final football match of the 1972–73 European Cup Winners' Cup and the 13th European Cup Winners' Cup final. It was contested between Milan of Italy and Leeds United of England, and was held at Kaftanzoglio Stadium in Thessaloniki, Greece. Milan won the match 1–0.

The Greek crowd at the final reacted to perceived bias towards Milan by referee Christos Michas by throwing missiles during the victors' lap of honour, but despite protests, the result was not overturned. UEFA later banned Michas for life due to match fixing, although his role in this match was not investigated.

Leeds, who perceived referee Christos Michas to have made a number of unfair decisions, attempted to gain a replay but UEFA denied the request. Decades later Richard Corbett, then MEP for Yorkshire and the Humber, petitioned UEFA for a revocation of the Milan title.

1972–73 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1972–73 European Cup Winners' Cup football club tournament was won by Milan after a 1–0 victory against Leeds United at the Kaftanzoglio Stadium, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Competition holders Rangers would have been eligible to compete in the Cup Winners' Cup, but were banned from European competition in the 1972–73 season due to the violent disturbances at the 1972 European Cup Winners' Cup Final.
Exchange fund
An exchange fund, also known as a swap fund, is an investment vehicle that allows investors with large stock positions to pool their stocks into a single fund, diversifying their holdings without triggering a taxable event. Given its dependence on the IRS Tax Code, it is a mechanism specific to the U.S., first introduced as early as 1954 with the passage of 26 U.S. Code § 721 though the practice traces back to the 1930s through other tax provisions.

The primary benefit of this arrangement is to diversify a large stock position without triggering a "taxable event".  Note that the tax is not avoided, just deferred. Deferring taxes avoids tax drag, as the money lost to taxes remains invested in the market, letting the portfolio compound from a larger base, which could create a significant advantage with time. When the diversified holdings are eventually sold, tax will be due on the difference between the sales price and the original cost basis of the contributed stock.

Accredited investor
An accredited or sophisticated investor is an investor with a special status under financial regulation laws. The definition of an accredited investor (if any), and the consequences of being classified as such, vary between countries. Generally, accredited investors include high-net-worth individuals, banks, financial institutions, and other large corporations, who have access to complex and higher-risk investments such as venture capital, hedge funds, and angel investments.

Laws may require that some types of financial offerings may only be made to accredited investors.
Konstantin Kersting
Konstantin Kersting is a German-Australian music producer, songwriter and sound engineer. He has worked with a diverse range of artists, including Tones and I, Milky Chance, Mallrat, Fisher, Spacey Jane, Amy Shark, The Jungle Giants, The Rubens, R3HAB, The Church, Genesis Owusu, Budjerah, Kita Alexander and Peach PRC.

Budjerah
Budjerah Julum Slabb (/ˈbʊdʒəˌrʌ/ BUUJ-ə-ruh; born 17 March 2002), known mononymously as Budjerah, is an Australian singer from Fingal Head, New South Wales. He is a Coodjinburra man from the Bundjalung nation.

His debut single "Missing You" was released in October 2020. Budjerah performed the track live for Australian live music program The Sound on 6 December 2020. After winning the Michael Gudinski Breakthrough Artist award at the 2021 ARIA Awards, Budjerah went on to release his debut EP Conversations in April 2022 and launched his first-ever global tour.

In 2023, Budjerah, won the Artist of the Year award at the National Indigenous Music Awards.
North Midland (Staffordshire) Royal Garrison Artillery
The North Midland (Staffordshire) Heavy Battery was a Territorial Force (TF) unit of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) formed in Staffordshire in 1908. It fought on the Western Front during World War I. Converted to medium artillery in the 1920s, the unit took part in the Battle of France and Dunkirk Evacuation in the early part of World War II, before returning to action in North Africa and Italy, and finally in North West Europe.

Royal Garrison Artillery
The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was formed in 1899 as a distinct arm of the British Army's  Royal Regiment of Artillery serving alongside the other two arms of the Regiment, the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) and the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).  The RGA were the 'technical' branch of the Royal Artillery who were responsible for much of the professionalisation of technical gunnery that was to occur during the First World War.  It was originally established to man the guns of the British Empire's forts and fortresses, including coastal artillery batteries, the heavy gun batteries attached to each infantry division and the guns of the siege artillery. The RGA was amalgamated with the RFA in 1924, from which time the only two arms within the Royal Regiment of Artillery have been the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery.
2019 in arthropod paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that were  described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that occurred  in the year 2019.

Moulting
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.

In medieval times, it was also known as "mewing" (from the French verb "muer", to moult), a term that lives on in the name of Britain's Royal Mews where the King's hawks used to be kept during moulting time before becoming horse stables after Tudor times.

Moulting can involve shedding the epidermis (skin), pelage (hair, feathers, fur, wool), or other external layer. In some groups, other body parts may be shed, for example, the entire exoskeleton in arthropods, including the wings in some insects.
Askariyeh, Razavi Khorasan
Askariyeh (Persian: عسكريه, also Romanized as ʿAsḵarīyeh; also known as Noşratābād) is a village in Quchan Atiq Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 14 families.

Quchan Atiq Rural District
Quchan Atiq Rural District (Persian: دهستان قوچان عتيق) is in Quchan Atiq District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Asgarabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Shahr-e Kohneh, now a city.
Isaac and Johann Isaac Hollandus
Isaac and Johann Isaac Hollandus were a 17th-century pseudonymous Dutch alchemist duo. It is not clear if they were father-and-son, brothers, or even the same person. The last part of their pseudonym, "Hollandus", simply referred to their home country of Holland. Some believed they were Jews, and have given this as a reason as to why they stayed anonymous. Isaac and Johann wrote "De Triplici Ordinari Exiliris et Lapidis Theoria" and "Mineralia Opera Sue de Lapide Philosophico".

They were originally believed to be from the 14th or 15th century, predating Paracelsus. They were among the most famous alchemists in Europe at one point in time. Johann von Löwenstern-Kunckel stated that "the incomparable Isaac Hollandus" "had more knowledge in his little finger than Van Helmont in his whole body". However, Isaac and Johann Isaac Hollandus fell out of favor in the early 20th century after it was concluded they were actually post-Paracelsus.

Jan Baptist van Helmont
Jan Baptist van Helmont (/ˈhɛlmɒnt/ HEL-mont, Dutch: [ˈjɑm bɑpˈtɪst fɑn ˈɦɛlmɔnt]; 12 January 1580 – 30 December 1644) was a chemist, physiologist, and physician from Brussels. He worked during the years just after Paracelsus and the rise of iatrochemistry, and is sometimes considered to be "the founder of pneumatic chemistry". Van Helmont is remembered today largely for his 5-year willow tree experiment, his introduction of the word "gas" (from the Greek word chaos) into the vocabulary of science, and his ideas on spontaneous generation.
Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee
The Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee was a coalition of organizations which coordinated events opposing the Vietnam War in the mid-1960s. It coordinated its constituent groups to stage anti-war parades, rallies, and "peace-ins" primarily in New York City. Named after Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, it was based on 17th Street near Union Square. At the start of 1968, it included about 150 groups. A rally and march it organized with the Spring Mobilization against the War in Vietnam in 1967 featured Martin Luther King Jr., Stokely Carmichael, Benjamin Spock, and Dave Dellinger in Central Park.

Leader Norma Becker was a member of the established War Resisters League.
Chairman David Dellinger later became known as one of the Chicago Eight.

National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
The Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, which became the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, was a coalition of American antiwar activists formed in November 1966 to organize large demonstrations in opposition to the Vietnam War. The organization was informally known as "the Mobe".

Individuals and organizations associated either with the Spring Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam or the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam include Dr. Benjamin Spock and SANE, Sidney Peck, Eric Weinberger, David Dellinger, Jerry Rubin, James Bevel, Stew Albert, A. J. Muste, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Coretta Scott King, Rennie Davis, Karen Wald, Fred Halstead, Bradford Lyttle, Charles Owen Rice, Vietnam Summer, Cornell Professor Robert Greenblatt (who became national coordinator of the Mobilization to End the War), and Tom Hayden.
Miss Brazil 2008
Miss Brazil 2008 (Portuguese: Miss Brasil 2008) was the 54th edition of the Miss Brazil pageant. It was held on 13 April 2008 at Citibank Hall in São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil and was hosted by Nayla Micherif and Guilherme Arruda with Renata Fan as a commentator. Natália Guimarães of Minas Gerais crowned her successor Natálya Anderle of Rio Grande do Sul at the end of the event. Anderle represented Brazil at the Miss Universe 2008 pageant. 1st Runner-Up, Vanessa Vidal of Ceará represented the country at Miss International 2008.

Miss International 2008
Miss International 2008 was the 48th Miss International pageant, held at Venetian Arena in Macau, China on November 8, 2008.

63 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown, marking the biggest turnout in the 48 years of the pageant, surpassing the previous of 61 during last year pageant. The contestants also paid a visit to Hong Kong, Tokyo. Miss International 2007, Priscila Perales of Mexico, crowned her successor Alejandra Andreu of Spain as the new Miss International.
2025 Minneapolis mayoral election
The 2025 Minneapolis mayoral election was held on November 4, 2025. The mayor Jacob Frey won re-election to a third term. Minneapolis uses instant-runoff voting, also known as ranked choice voting, in its mayoral elections. Voters are allowed to rank up to three candidates on their ranked choice ballots. The election was held alongside races for city council and other municipal offices.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.