hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stone sealer
Stone sealing is the application of a surface treatment to products constructed of natural stone to retard staining and corrosion. All bulk natural stone is riddled with interconnected capillary channels that permit penetration by liquids and gases. This is true for igneous rock types such as granite and basalt, metamorphic rocks such as marble and slate, and sedimentary rocks such as limestone, travertine, and sandstone. These porous channels act like a sponge, and capillary action draws in liquids over time, along with any dissolved salts and other solutes. Very porous stone, such as sandstone absorb liquids relatively quickly, while denser igneous stones such as granite are significantly less porous; they absorb smaller volumes, and more slowly, especially when absorbing viscous liquids.

Spall
Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ball bearing).  Spalling and spallation both describe the process of surface failure in which spall is shed.

The terms spall, spalling, and spallation have been adopted by particle physicists; in neutron scattering instruments, neutrons are generated by bombarding a uranium (or other) target with a stream of atoms. The neutrons that are ejected from the target are known as "spall".
Greenbelt Arts Center
The Greenbelt Arts Center is a theater located in the Roosevelt Center within the Greenbelt Historic District of Greenbelt, Maryland. It is normally configured as a three-quarter thrust, and seats approximately 90 people.  The theater shows regular plays and musicals, and hosts special events during the year; including free Labor Day plays, and a yearly winter youth musical.  It also hosts music concerts, dance and music companies, and displays art.

The theater company of the Arts Center started in 1980, but then performed at the now-closed Utopia Theatre.

Greenbelt Historic District
The Greenbelt Historic District is a national historic district located in Greenbelt, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.  The district preserves the center of one of the few examples of the Garden city movement in the United States.  With its sister cities of Greenhills, Ohio and Greendale, Wisconsin, Greenbelt was intended to be a "new town" that would start with a clean slate to do away with problems of urbanism in favor of a suburban ideal. Along with the never-commenced town of Greenbrook, New Jersey, the new towns were part of the New Deal public works programs.

Greenbelt's center has survived with few alterations compared with its sister towns. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.
Chupaca province
Chupaca, located in central Peru, is one of the nine provinces that compose the Junín Region, bordering to the north with the province of Concepción, to the east with the province of Huancayo, to the south with the Huancavelica Region, and to the west with the Lima Region. The province has a population of approximately 57,000 inhabitants, and the capital is Chupaca.

Department of Junín
Junín (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈnin]; Quechua: Sunin) is a department of Peru. It is located in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon. It is governed by a regional government. Its capital is Huancayo.
Siege of Córdoba (1009–1013)
The city of Córdoba in al-Andalus, under the rule of Umayyad Caliph Hisham II al-Hakam, was besieged by Berbers from November 1010 until May 1013, with the city beyond the Roman walls completely destroyed.

Roman walls of Córdoba
The Roman Walls of Córdoba are the ancient Roman defensive walls of the Roman colonia of Corduba –present-day Córdoba, Spain–, capital of the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. Stretching 2,650 metres (8,690 ft), they were built after the Romans captured the city in 206 BC to defend the ancient Roman town as part of the Roman Republic. The sections of wall still standing and the rest of its vestiges, now form part of the historic center of Córdoba, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984.
Canadian Forces' Unit Commendation
The Canadian Forces' Unit Commendation (French: Mention élogieuse à l'intention des unités des Forces canadiennes) is an award given to military units for "a deed or activity considered beyond the demand of normal duty".

Not only Canadian military units are eligible; Commonwealth and foreign units are also eligible if the deed occurred while serving alongside Canadian units.

This commendation is not given for acts in a combat operations zone, but the Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation exists for such circumstances.

Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation
The Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendation (French: Mention élogieuse du commandant en chef à l'intention des unités) is a Canadian award given to military units for "an extraordinary deed or activity of a rare high standard in extremely hazardous circumstances".

Not only Canadian military units are eligible; Commonwealth and foreign units are also eligible if the deed occurred while serving alongside Canadian forces.
Hethum I
Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix Pahlavouni of Lampron (a third-cousin of Leo I) and was the founder of the dynasty which bears his name: the Hethumids also known as the House of Lampron. Having accepted the suzerainty of the Mongol Empire, Hethum himself traveled to the Mongol court in Karakorum, Mongolia, a famous account of which is given by Hethum's companion, the historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi, in his History of Armenia. He allied with the Mongols to fight against the Muslim Mamluks and also encouraged other Crusader states to do the same.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Georgy Lobov
Georgy Ageevich Lobov (Russian: Гео́ргий Аге́евич Ло́бов; 7 May 1915 – 6 January 1994) was a Soviet fighter pilot and squadron commander of the 7th Guards Fighter Aviation Division during World War II who was credited with 10 solo and 7 shared aerial victories. He later commanded the 64th Fighter Aviation Corps, during the Korean War.

Western Front (Soviet Union)
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.

The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the Western Special Military District (which before July 1940 was known as Belorussian Special Military District). The first Front Commander was Dmitry Pavlov (continuing from his position as District Commander since June 1940).

The western boundary of the Front in June 1941 was 470 km (290 mi) long, from the southern border of Lithuania to the Pripyat River and the town of Włodawa. It connected with the adjacent North-Western Front, which extended from the Lithuanian border to the Baltic Sea, and the Southwestern Front in Ukraine.
NGC 1550
NGC 1550 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Taurus. NGC 1550 was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1785. NGC 1550 was also observed by the Prussian astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on December 29, 1861 and it was added to the New General Catalogue under the designation NGC 1551.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Curiatia gens
The gens Curiatia was a distinguished family at Rome, with both patrician and plebeian branches.  Members of this gens are mentioned in connection with the reign of Tullus Hostilius, the third King of Rome, during the seventh century BC.  The first of the Curiatii to attain any significant office was Publius Curiatius Fistus, surnamed Trigeminus, who held the consulship in 453 BC.  The gens continued to exist throughout the Republic, and perhaps into imperial times, but seldom did its members achieve any prominence.

Tribune
Tribune (Latin: Tribunus) was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome.  The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes.  For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto unfavourable legislation.  There were also military tribunes, who commanded portions of the Roman army, subordinate to higher magistrates, such as the consuls and praetors, promagistrates, and their legates.  Various officers within the Roman army were also known as tribunes.  The title was also used for several other positions and classes in the course of Roman history.
Mahabharata (comics)
Mahabharata (also known as Amar Chitra Katha's Mahabharata) is a comic adaptation of the Indian epic poem Mahabharata. The 42-issue best-selling series by Amar Chitra Katha, Mumbai was illustrated by Dilip Kadam. The team of script writers (who took turns to complete the 42 issues) included Kamala Chandrakant, TMP Nedungadi, Subba Rao, Yagya Sharma, Lopamudra, Mihir Lal Mitra, Sumona Roy, Mohan Swaminathan, Shubha Kandhekar and Margie Sastry.

The Mahabharata is often regarded as one of the most popular titles in the history of Amar Chitra Katha. It is an adaptation of Kashidasi Mahabharata. It is also the longest series (42 issue run on an alternative title schedule; from 329 to 441 [1985-89] in over more than 1300 pages) to have been produced by the ACK. The series was originally planned for 60 albums, but it was later cut short to 42.

Amar Chitra Katha
Amar Chitra Katha (ACK Comics) is an Indian comic book publisher, based in Mumbai, India. The company was founded in 1967 by Anant Pai. Most of its comics are based on religious legends and epics, historical figures and biographies, folktales and cultural stories.
Daimler Roadliner
The Daimler Roadliner was a single-decker bus and coach chassis built by Daimler between 1962 and 1972. Notoriously unreliable, it topped the 1993 poll by readers of Classic Bus as the worst bus type ever, beating the Guy Wulfrunian into second place. It was very technologically advanced, offering step-free access some 20 years before other buses; as a coach, it was felt by industry commentators to be in advance of contemporary UK designs.

Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.
Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)
Alexandre-Prosper-Hubert Le Grand (6 June 1830 – 25 June 1898) was a wine merchant and industrialist of the 19th century who, in 1863, invented the liqueur known as Bénédictine from a mixture of native herbs and exotic spices.

Fécamp Abbey
The Abbey of the Holy Trinity at Fécamp, commonly known as Fécamp Abbey (French: Abbaye de la Trinité de Fécamp), is a Benedictine abbey in Fécamp, Seine-Maritime, Upper Normandy, France.

The abbey is known as the first producer of bénédictine, a herbal liqueur based on brandy.
Forggensee
The Forggensee, also called the Roßhaupten Reservoir, is a reservoir located north of Füssen in the county of Ostallgäu in Bavaria, Germany and one of many lakes in the region around Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein castles. With a surface area of 15.2 km2, it is the fifth-largest lake in Bavaria and the largest reservoir in Germany by area. The River Lech flows through it. The Forggensee is known primarily as a tourist destination for aquatic sports and recreation. Besides Füssen, other settlements on the lake include  Halblech, Rieden am Forggensee and Roßhaupten. The lake takes its name from the former hamlet of Forggen which has been submerged by the reservoir.

Würm glaciation
The Würm glaciation or Würm stage (German: Würm-Kaltzeit or Würm-Glazial,  also Würmeiszeit or Würmzeit; cf. ice age), commonly referred as the Würm (often spelled "Wurm"), was the last glacial period in the Alpine region. It is the youngest of the major glaciations of the region that extended beyond the Alps themselves. Like most of the other ice ages of the Pleistocene epoch, it is named after a river, in this case the Würm in Bavaria, a tributary of the Amper.

The Würm ice age can be dated to about 115,000 to 11,700 years ago. Sources differ about the dates, depending on whether the long transition phases between the glacials and interglacials (warmer periods) are allocated to one or other of those periods. The average annual temperatures during the Würm ice age in the Alpine Foreland were below −3 °C (today +7 °C). That has been determined from changes in the vegetation (pollen analysis), as well as differences in the facies.
Segundo Imbert
Brigadier General Segundo Francisco Imbert del Monte (May 12, 1837 – October 16, 1905) was a Dominican military figure and politician; he was Vice President of the Dominican Republic, Foreign minister, and was candidate for the Presidency of the Dominican Republic.

Vice President of the Dominican Republic
The vice president of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Vicepresidente de la República Dominicana) is the second-highest political position in the Dominican Republic. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. There have been thirty-nine vice presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the vice president shall be elected along with the president.

Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional vice presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting vice presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana.
Rusagonis-Waasis
45°48′1.7″N 66°37′33.6″W﻿ / ﻿45.800472°N 66.626000°W﻿ / 45.800472; -66.626000
Rusagonis-Waasis (2001 population: 748) was a Canadian local service district in Lincoln Parish, Sunbury County, New Brunswick, which bore the name of two communities within the local service district, Rusagonis and Waasis. Early references use an alternative spelling, Rusagornis, for the community today known as Rusagonis. Some residents advocated changing the governing structure from a local service district into a rural community. It is now mainly part of the incorporated rural community of Sunbury-York South, with the remainder belonging to the city of Fredericton and the Capital region rural district.

It is located 15 kilometres southeast of Fredericton, and is near Tracy. It is west-southwest of Oromocto. It formerly had at least two railway stations (flag stops) served by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Oromocto
Oromocto is a Canadian town in Sunbury County, New Brunswick.

The town is located on the west bank of the Saint John River at the mouth of the Oromocto River, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Fredericton. The town's name is derived from the name of the Oromocto River; "oromocto" is thought to have originated from the Maliseet word welamukotuk which means "deep water". It appears on early maps as Ramouctou and La Rivière du Kamouctou (Freneuse seigneurial grant, 1684).

It is the administrative headquarters of the Oromocto First Nation band government and the site of Canadian Forces Base Gagetown, which dominates its economy and modern history.

On 1 January 2023, Oromocto annexed the local service district of the parish of Lincoln, excluding the Fredericton International Airport and a highway strip connecting it to the city. Revised census figures have not been released.
Dragør Boldklub
Dragør Boldklub (DB for short) is a Danish football club based in Dragør, on the island of Amager. Founded on 21 May 1907, it is the oldest existing football club on the island. The club's best league finish came in the 1944–45 Danish War Tournament, where they placed sixth in their group. Dragør Boldklub last competed at the highest level of Danish football during that tournament. In the 2008–09 season, the club was part of the professional superstructure, FC Amager.

Dragør
Dragør (Danish pronunciation: [ˈtʁɑːwˌøɐ̯ˀ]) is the main town of Dragør Municipality, (Denmark), which includes the village of Store Magleby. The city hall and seat of the municipal council lies on Kirkevej 7 (postal code 2791 Dragør) in Store Magleby, which has enough space for such a large building.
Thiomargarita magnifica
Candidatus Thiomargarita magnifica is a species of sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacteria, found growing underwater on detached leaves of red mangroves from the Guadeloupe archipelago in the Lesser Antilles. These filament-shaped bacteria are the largest known, with an average length of 1 cm, and some individuals reaching 2 centimetres (0.79 in), making the bacteria visible to humans by unaided eye.

Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus (abbreviated Ca.; Latin for 'candidate of Roman office') is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.
Achepabanca River North-East
The Achepabanca River Northeast is a tributary of the Achepabanca River, flowing into the northeastern part of Senneterre within La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

The course of the river successively crosses the townships of Maricourt and Berthelot. Its confluence is at the limit of the townships Girouard and Berthelot.

The Northeastern Achepabanca River runs entirely on forest land on the west side of the Gouin Reservoir. Forestry is the main economic activity of this hydrographic slope; recreational tourism activities, second. The surface of the river is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of April. The hydrographic slope of the Northeastern Achepabanca River is served by the R0808 forest road which passes on the north side.

La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality
La Vallée-de-l'Or (French pronunciation: [la vale də lɔʁ]) is a regional county municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in Northwestern Quebec, Canada. The seat is in Val-d'Or. It is named for its gold deposits in the Harricana River and Bell River valleys.
GeForce 600 series
The GeForce 600 series is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia, first released in 2012. It served as the introduction of the Kepler architecture. It is succeeded by the GeForce 700 series.

Unified shader model
In the field of 3D computer graphics, the unified shader model (known in Direct3D 10 as "Shader Model 4.0") refers to a form of shader hardware in a graphical processing unit (GPU) where all of the shader stages in the rendering pipeline (geometry, vertex, pixel, etc.) have the same capabilities. They can all read textures and buffers, and they use instruction sets that are almost identical.
CFUR-FM
CFUR-FM, also known as "FUR" is a campus radio station based at the University of Northern British Columbia. The station is governed by the CFUR Radio Society, a non-profit corporation consisting of students and other community members who promote CFUR via membership drives, fundraisers, and on-air broadcasting.

University of Northern British Columbia
The University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC) is a university serving the northern region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The main campus is located in Prince George, with additional campuses located in Prince Rupert, Terrace, Quesnel, and Fort St. John. Because of its northern latitude, UNBC is a member of the University of the Arctic. In the 2020–21 academic year, 4,253 students were enrolled at UNBC.

In 2022, Maclean's magazine ranked UNBC as the number one university of its size in Canada, in the Primarily Undergraduate category. UNBC also finished first in the rankings in 2015 and 2016 and routinely finishes in the top three in its category. In 2026, UNBC placed second in its category. In 2007, the university obtained the trademark for "Canada's Green University".
Archduke Franz Josef of Austria, Prince of Tuscany
Archduke Franz Josef of Austria–Tuscany (German: Franz Josef Karl Leopold Blanka Adelgunde Ignatius Raphael Michael von Habsburg-Lothringen, Erzherzog von Österreich, Prinz von Toskana; 4 February 1905 – 9 May 1975) was the fourth son of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and Princess Blanca of Bourbon. At the fall of Habsburg monarchy he moved to Barcelona, where he became a naturalized Spanish citizen. He married morganatically twice and had a daughter from his second marriage. During World War II he lived in the United States, working in the forestry industry. In 1955 he returned to Austria. He inherited the Carlist pretensions to the Spanish throne of his brother Archduke Karl Pius and called himself Duke of Madrid. He died in 1975.

Bertita Harding
Bertita Harding (1 November 1902 – 31 December 1971) was a royal German biographer with an easy and sometimes humorous style that made her a popular author.

Her  book Phantom Crown, a biography of the life of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico and his wife Charlotte was turned into a screenplay by John Huston for the film Juarez (1939).  Magic Fire, her biography of Richard Wagner, was made into a film by William Dieterle in 1955.