hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noordkaap (Netherlands)
Noordkaap (North Cape) is the northernmost point of mainland Netherlands.

The Noordkaap is located on the north side of the Emmapolder, on the edge of the municipality Het Hogeland in the province of Groningen. It is only accessible on foot or by bicycle.

To mark the spot and attract more tourists, the then municipality of Eemsmond had the artwork 'Poort Kaap Noord', colloquially known as 'De Hemelpoort', (made in 2001) by artist René de Boer placed in 2002. The name 'Noordkaap' was coined at the same time as the artwork was placed. The spot itself is not easily recognizable as an 'extreme point' because the sea dike has a gentle curve.

Eemsmond
Eemsmond (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːmsmɔnt] ⓘ; English: Ems Mouth) is a former municipality with a population of 15,864 in the north of the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. On 1 January 2019 it merged with the municipalities of Bedum, De Marne and Winsum to form the new municipality Het Hogeland.
2010 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The 2010 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup was the 26th edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from April 7–17, 2010, at the Palais des Sports de Ouagadougou in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, contested by 8 teams and won by Atlético Petróleos de Luanda of Angola.

African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The Africa Women's Handball Championship for Clubs Winner's Cup is an annual international women's handball club competition run by the African Handball Confederation. The club sides from Africa's handball women's cup's winners in each African country are invited to participate in this competition.
High-power rocketry
High-power rocketry is a hobby similar to model rocketry. The major difference is that higher impulse range motors are used. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) definition of a high-power rocket is one that has a total weight of more than 1,500 grams (3.3 lb) and contains a motor or motors containing more than 125 grams (4.4 oz) of propellant and/or rated at 160.1 Newton-seconds (40.47 lbf·s) or more of total impulse, or that uses a motor with an average thrust of 80 newtons (18 lbf) or more.

United Kingdom Rocketry Association
The United Kingdom Rocketry Association (UKRA) is an enabling body set up to promote and represent high power, medium power, and model rocketry in the United Kingdom for educational, recreational, and amateur research purposes. UKRA is also the specialist body to the BMFA (British Model Flying Association) with responsibilities for High Power Rocketry, and is the United Kingdom body recognized by the Civil Aviation Authority.
George Daniels (watchmaker)
George Daniels, CBE, FBHI, FSA, AHCI (19 August 1926 – 21 October 2011) was an English horologist, inventor of the coaxial escapement, author and a classic car collector.

He hand built 23 pocket watches and two wrist watches, as well as clocks.: pages 221-222  As at December 2022, only Patek Phillipe and Rolex watches have achieved higher prices. Six of his watches have each sold for in excess of USD$1.5 million.

Producing a single watch and its components required 2,500 hours from Daniels, over about a year. Commentators have referred to them as 'works of art' and 'technological and horological master pieces'. Typically his watches had clear, clean dials with subsidiary dials interwoven with the main chapter ring.

He was selective about the commissions he accepted, stating "I never made watches for people if I didn't care for them."

City and Guilds Foundation
The City and Guilds Foundation is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has been operating under royal charter, granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first president of the institute.

It is also a registered charity and was the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering many accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework until October 2025 when City and Guilds Ltd was formed as a commercial organisation. The institute's president is the Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father the Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chair of Council is Dame Ann Limb, who took office in 2021.
Rifah Afghanistan Institute
Rifah Afghanistan Institute (Dari: انستیتوت مسلکی رفاه افغانستان) is one of the private vocational education institutions in Afghanistan that provides vocational education in Business economics, Journalism and Computer science, associate programs. This institute was established in 2014 and taught 1110 students till end of 2017. The institute provides free-of-cost education and applies no tuition on students.
The founder of Rifah Afghanistan Institute is Mr. Said Halim Hashimi.

Publication
To publish is to make content available to the general public. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). Publication means the act of publishing, and also any copies issued for public distribution.
Wade Graham
Wade Graham (born 25 October 1990) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward and captained the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League (NRL). He has played for Australia at international level.

Graham previously played for the Penrith Panthers between 2008 and 2010 in the NRL, and has played at representative level for the Prime Minister's XIII, City Origin, Indigenous All Stars and New South Wales in the State of Origin series.

Endeavour Field
Sharks Stadium, known under sponsorship as Ocean Protect Stadium, and historically as Shark Park or Endeavour Field, is a rugby league stadium in the southern Sydney suburb of Woolooware, New South Wales, Australia. It is the home ground of the Cronulla Sharks Rugby League Club, which represents the Cronulla and Sutherland Shire areas in the National Rugby League competition. The Sharks are as of 2023 just one of two professional sporting clubs in Australia (excluding the Australian Football League's ownership of Docklands Stadium) that own and operate their home ground (alongside the Dolphins via their parent club Redcliffe who compete in the QRL with their home ground, Kayo Stadium) as well as Western United's future home ground Wyndham City Stadium. The Sharkies Leagues Club sits beside the stadium.
Morgan Whyalla pipeline
The Morgan – Whyalla pipeline was an engineering project undertaken by the South Australian Government in 1940 to bring water from Morgan on the River Murray to the industrial city of Whyalla. A second pipeline, by a divergent route, was laid in the 1960s.

Goldfields Water Supply Scheme
The Goldfields Water Supply Scheme is a pipeline and dam project that delivers potable water from Mundaring Weir in Perth to communities in Western Australia's Eastern Goldfields, particularly Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie. The project was commissioned in 1896 and completed in 1903.

The pipeline continues to operate today, supplying water to over 100,000 people in over 33,000 households as well as mines, farms and other enterprises.
1908 Montrose Burghs by-election
The 1908 Montrose Burghs by-election was held on 12 May 1908.  The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Morley.  It was won by the Liberal candidate Robert Harcourt.

Montrose Burghs
Montrose Burghs was a district of burghs constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1950.

The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) to represent the parliamentary burghs of Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin, Forfar and Inverbervie.

In 1950, Montrose, Brechin and Inverbervie were merged into North Angus and Mearns, and Arbroath and Forfar were merged into South Angus.
Same-sex marriage in Manitoba
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Manitoba since September 16, 2004. In the case of Vogel v. Canada, the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba ordered the province to begin issuing marriage licences to same-sex couples. This decision followed a suit brought by three couples who had been denied the right to marry. Both the provincial and federal governments had made it known that they would not oppose the court bid. The ruling followed similar cases in four other provinces and territories, making Manitoba the fifth jurisdiction in Canada, after Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec and Yukon, to extend civil marriage to same-sex couples. The court said that its decision had been influenced by the previous decisions in those four provinces and territories.

Manitoba has also recognised common-law relationships offering some of the rights and benefits of marriage since 2001.

Same-sex marriage in British Columbia
Same-sex marriage has been legal in British Columbia since July 8, 2003, after a series of court rulings in Barbeau v. British Columbia which ultimately landed in favour of same-sex couples seeking marriage licences. This made British Columbia the second province in Canada, the second jurisdiction in North America and the fourth in the world, after the Netherlands, Belgium and Ontario, to legalise same-sex marriage.
Julia Adler
Julia Adler (July 4, 1897 – June 3, 1995), also known as Julia Adler Foshko, was an American actress who was the last surviving child of actor Jacob Pavlovich Adler. She was known for among other roles playing Jessica to her father's Shylock and appearing in the plays of Jacob Gordin.

Jacob Gordin
Jacob Michailovitch Gordin (Yiddish: יעקב מיכאַילאָװיטש גאָרדין; May 1, 1853 – June 11, 1909) was a Russian-American playwright active in the early years of Yiddish theater. He is known for introducing realism and naturalism into Yiddish theater.

The Cambridge History of English and American Literature characterizes him as "the acknowledged reformer of the Yiddish stage." At the time of his rise, professional Yiddish theater was still dominated by the spirit of the early (1886–1888) plays of its founder, Abraham Goldfaden, which derived in no small measure from Purim plays, often spectacles more than dramas; Goldfaden's later works were generally operettas on more serious subjects, perhaps edifying, but not naturalistic. Again quoting the Cambridge History, after his 1892 arrival in New York City, "Gordin took the Yiddish drama in America from the realm of the preposterous and put a living soul into it," bringing it up to the level of "realistic melodrama."
Pig stick
A pig stick (occasionally pigstick or pig-stick) is a staff that carries a flag or pennant, usually the burgee of the boat owner's yacht club or private signal, above a mast of a sailboat.  The pig stick is connected to a halyard so that when raised to the top of the mast, it extends above the mast, allowing the flag to be seen flying above the boat's sails. Pig sticks are especially useful on catboats and other sailboats which have no stays to which a flag halyard can be attached.

Halyard
In sailing, a halyard or halliard is a line (rope) that is used to hoist a ladder, sail, flag or yard.  The term "halyard" derives from the Middle English halier ("rope to haul with"), with the last syllable altered by association with the English unit of measure "yard".  Halyards, like most other parts of the running rigging, were classically made of natural fibre like manila or hemp.
Eidsvoll Warranty
The Eidsvoll Warranty (Norwegian: Eidsvollsgarantien) was an act passed by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvold on 13 May 1814. The prime purpose of the act was to create a stable Norwegian currency.

Norwegian Constituent Assembly
The Norwegian Constituent Assembly (Norwegian: Grunnlovsforsamlingen or Riksforsamlingen) is the name given to the 1814 constitutional assembly that adopted the Norwegian Constitution and formalised the dissolution of the union with Denmark. The meetings took place at the Eidsvoll Manor in the village of Eidsvoll Verk in the Eidsvoll parish in Akershus county, Norway from 10 April to 20 May 1814. In Norway, it is often just referred to as Eidsvollsforsamlingen, which means The Assembly of Eidsvoll.
Jennifer Daniel (illustrator)
Jennifer Daniel is an American graphic designer and art director known for her work involving emoji. She is the chair of the Emoji Standard and Research Working Group for the Unicode Consortium, and holds a position at Google. She previously worked as a graphics editor at The New York Times and Bloomberg Businessweek.

Emoji
An emoji (/ɪˈmoʊdʒi/ im-OH-jee; plural emoji or emojis; Japanese: 絵文字, pronounced [emoꜜʑi]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of modern emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation as well as to replace words as part of a logographic system.

The first emoji sets were created by Japanese portable electronic device companies in the late 1980s and the 1990s. The word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵; 'picture') + moji (文字; 'character') and originally meant 'pictograph'; the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental. Emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after Unicode began encoding emoji into the Unicode Standard. They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the emoji U+1F602 😂 FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY its word of the year.
Kala Chak
32°36′34″N 74°08′57″E﻿ / ﻿32.60944°N 74.14917°E﻿ / 32.60944; 74.14917

Kala Chak (Urdu: کالا چک) is a village in Gujrat District, of the Punjab province, Pakistan. It is situated near Sook Khurd, about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) north of Gujrat city.

Sook Khurd
32°36′13″N 74°08′55″E﻿ / ﻿32.60361°N 74.14861°E﻿ / 32.60361; 74.14861

Sook Khurd (Urdu: سوک خورد) is a village in Gujrat District, in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located near the Sook Kalan village and about 6 kilometers north of Gujrat city.
1741 English cricket season
The earliest known tie in an eleven-a-side match was recorded in the 1741 English cricket season. Details of 14 matches are known.

Among primary sources for the season are letters written by the Duke and Duchess of Richmond to each other, and to the Duke of Newcastle. One example is a gloating letter from Richmond to Newcastle after "poor little Slyndon (sic)" beat "almost your whole county of Surrey".

Meanwhile, the spread of cricket from the southeastern counties had continued into the south Midlands with three counties mentioned for the first time in surviving records.

Surrey county cricket team (pre-1846)
Until 1845, the Surrey county cricket team, always known as Surrey, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly Chertsey Cricket Club in the 18th century, and by Montpelier Cricket Club in the 19th. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Surrey County Cricket Club on 22 August 1845.
Iocarmic acid
Iocarmic acid (trade name Dimer-X) is a pharmaceutical drug used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging in the 1970s and 80s. Uses included imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It was applied in form of its salt, meglumine iocarmate.

It is not known to be marketed anywhere in the world in 2021.

Iodinated contrast
Iodinated contrast is a form of water-soluble, intravenous radiocontrast agent containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs during radiographic procedures. Some pathologies, such as cancer, have particularly improved visibility with iodinated contrast.

The radiodensity of iodinated contrast is 25–30 Hounsfield units (HU) per milligram of iodine per milliliter at a tube voltage of 100–120 kVp.
Charles P. Allen High School
Charles P. Allen High School (CPA) is a senior high school located in  Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada.

This school serves Hammonds Plains, Bedford and a section of Halifax since 2010; for three years at the original CPA and current location since 2013. It serviced Waverley, Fall River, Windsor Junction and Montague Gold Mines until 2000 when Lockview High School was opened. It opened in 1978, six years after Sackville High School was opened and did serve Bedford. In 2009, CPA ranked 2nd with a grade of A− on the AIMS list.

The school is one of only five schools in HRM that offers the International Baccalaureate Programme; a two year, internationally standardised university-prep program. CPA also offers the O2 program, a three-year program that is unique to Nova Scotia public schools.

As of 2023, the school has an enrollment of 1,823, making it the largest high school in Nova Scotia by enrollment.

Bedford, Nova Scotia
Bedford (pop. 36,354 ) is a former town and now a district of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated on the north west shore of the Bedford Basin in the central area of the municipality. It borders the neighbouring communities of Hammonds Plains to the west, Sackville to the north, Dartmouth to the east, and mainland Halifax to the south. Bedford was named in honour of John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, Secretary of State for the colonies in 1749.
Schuylkill and Susquehanna Navigation Company
The Schuylkill and Susquehanna Navigation Company was a limited liability corporation founded in Pennsylvania on September 29, 1791.

The company was founded for the purpose of improving river navigation, which in the post-colonial United States era of the 1790s meant improving river systems, not canals. In this Pennsylvania plan, however, two rivers, a large river, the Susquehanna and a smaller one, the Schuylkill, were to be improved by clearing channels through obstructions and building dams where needed. To connect the two watersheds, the company proposed a 4-mile (6.4 km) summit level crossing at Lebanon, a length of almost 80 miles (130 km) between the two rivers. The completed project was intended to be part of a navigable water route from Philadelphia to Lake Erie and the Ohio Valley.

David Rittenhouse
David Rittenhouse (April 8, 1732 – June 26, 1796) was an American astronomer, inventor, clockmaker, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman, and public official. Rittenhouse was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the first director of the United States Mint.
HH Audio
HH Audio (formerly HH Electronics) is a British amplifier manufacturer that was founded in 1968 by Mike Harrison near Cambridge, England. The company moved to Milton, Cambridgeshire, in 1969, and had built a factory in nearby Bar Hill by 1977. By 1979, they had achieved success in Europe with a range of instrument amplifiers, and their public address products included mixers, power amplifiers, speaker systems and digital effects units.

The company entered receivership in 1984, and the brand passed to Carlsbro. Mike Harrison continued to design amplifiers as Harrison Information Technology. By 1989, the HH Electronics brand was owned by the Headstock Group, owners of Laney Amplification. Headstock revived the brand in 2012, launching a new line of sound reinforcement equipment.

Carlsbro
Carlsbro is a UK-based supplier of musical instrument amplification and speaker systems that was founded by Stuart and Sheila Mercer in Nottingham, England in 1960. Their equipment has been used by artists such as The Beatles, Mick Jagger, Oasis, The Bubblecars and Vašek Martínek.

The company entered administration in 2009, but has since been relaunched.
The Takeover UK
The Takeover UK was an American rock group from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Formed in mid-2004, the band released its first EP, It's All Happening in July 2008, and its first full-length album, Running With the Wasters, in March 2009, both for Rykodisc.  The first single, "Ah La La," was featured on popular MTV reality show The Hills as well as in promotional commercials for ABC's Castle.  The band has toured with The Juliana Theory, The Shys, and Army Navy.  In Winter 2009 - 2010, the band toured their Running with the Wasters album.

The Juliana Theory
The Juliana Theory is an American rock duo from Greensburg and Latrobe, Pennsylvania. They signed to Tooth & Nail Records, and later to Epic Records for the release of the album Love. They released four studio albums before initially disbanding in 2006. The band has since reunited three times: once in 2010 for eight shows, again in 2017 for a tour celebrating their 20th anniversary, and finally in 2020 when The Juliana Theory announced signing with Equal Vision Records.

The Juliana Theory has cited numerous bands as influences, including the Beatles, the Cure, the Smashing Pumpkins, U2, Rush, Roger Waters, and Pink Floyd.
Thomas P. Hughes (historian)
Thomas Parke Hughes (September 13, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American historian of technology. He was an emeritus professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania and a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford.

He received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1953.

Hughes, along with John B. Rae, Carl W. Condit, and Melvin Kranzberg, were responsible for the establishment of the Society for the History of Technology and he was a recipient of its highest honor, the Leonardo da Vinci Medal in 1985.

He contributed to the concepts of technological momentum, technological determinism, large technical systems, social construction of technology, and introduced systems theory into the history of technology.

His book American Genesis was shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2003.

Leonardo da Vinci Medal
The Leonardo da Vinci Medal is the highest award of the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT), and was first given in 1962. In general this award is granted annually to scholars who have contributed outstandingly to the history of technology through research, teaching, publication or other activities. The prize consists of a certificate and a medal.

The medal is a circular bronze medallion designed by the Hungarian expressionist sculptor András Beck. The face depicts the head of Leonardo da Vinci based on one of his self-portraits and the reverse depicts "the basic sources of energy (water, wind, and fire)," in the sculptor's words.
Aleksandr Kharlov
Aleksandr Kharlov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ха́рлов; born 18 March 1958) is a retired hurdler from the Soviet Union, best known for winning the bronze medal at the inaugural 1983 World Championships in the men's 400 m hurdles.

Kharlov competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics, where he was eliminated in the semifinals of the men's 400 m hurdles. He set his personal best (48.78 seconds) on 20 June 1983, at the Soviet Spartakiad, winning his only Soviet championship title; as of 2015, this time remains the Uzbekistani national record. Later that summer, he won gold at the Universiade in Edmonton, running 49.41 and defeating Senegal's Amadou Dia Ba by half a second. At the inaugural World Championships in Helsinki in August 1983 Kharlov won the bronze medal in 49.03; running in lane one, Kharlov was among the tail-enders for much of the race but finished fast, edging out Sweden's Sven Nylander (who also started slow) by 0.03 seconds.

Amadou Dia Ba
El Hadj Amadou Dia Bâ OLY (born September 22, 1958) is a retired Senegalese athlete who competed in the 400 metres hurdles. He won the 1988 Olympic silver medal in this event with a personal best time of 47.23 seconds. It was the first, and only (as 2024) Olympic medal for Senegal. He competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1984.