hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heresy in Judaism
Heresy in Judaism refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of halakha (Jewish religious law). Jewish tradition contains a range of statements about heretics, including laws for how to deal with them in a communal context, and statements about the divine punishment they are expected to receive.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Swiss Solvency Test
The Swiss Solvency Test (SST) is a risk-based capital standard for insurance companies in Switzerland, in use since 2006. The SST was developed by the Swiss Federal Office of Private Insurance (FOPI) in cooperation with the Swiss insurance industry.

The SST measures risks using the following basic principles:

Financial instruments with market prices must be recognized on the balance sheet at market price

Capital requirements must be risk-based

The balance sheet must be assessed as a whole without any off-balance sheet positions

Capital requirement
A capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital, capital adequacy or capital base) is the amount of capital a bank or other financial institution has to have as required by its financial regulator. This is usually expressed as a capital adequacy ratio of equity as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. These requirements are put into place to ensure that these institutions do not take on excess leverage and risk becoming insolvent. Capital requirements govern the ratio of equity to debt, recorded on the liabilities and equity side of a firm's balance sheet. They should not be confused with reserve requirements, which govern the assets side of a bank's balance sheet—in particular, the proportion of its assets it must hold in cash or highly-liquid assets. Capital is a source of funds, not a use of funds.

From the 1880s to the end of the First World War, the capital-to-assets ratios globally declined sharply, before remaining relatively steady during the 20th century.
1963 Claxton Shield
The 1963 Claxton Shield was the 24th annual Claxton Shield, it was held at the Brisbane Cricket Ground and Bannister Park in Brisbane, Queensland. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by New South Wales claiming their ninth Shield title and first since the 1955 Claxton Shield.

The Helms Award was given to Kevin Cantwell from New South Wales.

South Australia (baseball team)
South Australia (previously known as the South Australian Bite) competes in the Claxton Shield Baseball Championship in Australia. As one of the founding teams of the Claxton Shield in 1934, they participated until 1988, when the Shield began being awarded to the winner of the Australian Baseball League. In 1999, they were invited to join the International Baseball League of Australia, where they competed for two seasons (1999–2000 and 2002). After that, the Claxton Shield returned to a format similar to the one used prior to 1988.
Asianopis aspectans
Asianopis aspectans is a species of spider in the family Deinopidae. It is found across several African countries including Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Africa.

Deinopidae
Deinopidae, also known as net-casting spiders, are a family of circumtropical cribellate spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850. They are of stick-like elongated spiders that catch prey by stretching a web across their front legs before propelling themselves forward. These unusual webs will stretch two or three times their relaxed size, entangling any prey that touch them.

The posterior median eyes have excellent night vision, allowing them to cast nets accurately in low-light conditions. These eyes are larger than the others, and sometimes makes these spiders appear to only have two eyes. Ogre-faced spiders (Deinopis) are the best known genus in this family. The name refers to the perceived physical similarity to the mythological creature of the same name. This family also includes the humped-back spiders (Menneus).
Alişan
Alişan Serkan Tektaş (born Serkan Burak Tektaş; 19 June 1976), better known as Alişan, is a Turkish singer and actor.

He is known for the role of Ferhat in the spin-off television series Cennet Mahallesi of the gypsy comedy film Gırgıriye.

TRT 1
TRT 1 (Turkish: TRT Bir) is the first Turkish free-to-air national television channel, owned by state broadcaster TRT. It was officially launched on 31 January 1968 as a test broadcast, becoming regular by the early 1970s. It was the only channel Turkey until 15 September 1986, when TRT launched TRT 2 under the name TV2. It is also available in Azerbaijan on terrestrial television.

On 19 May 2012, it started broadcasting on 16:9 aspect ratio and launched its own HD simulcast feed.

TRT 1 is TRT's general TV channel, available free-to-air through Turksat satellite, on subscription operators Digitürk, D-Smart, Türksat Cable TV, Tivibu or in neighbor countries via foreign cable platforms.
R8 expressway (Slovakia)
Expressway R8 (Slovak: Rýchlostná cesta R8) is a planned expressway in Slovakia, which after construction will connect Nitra, Topoľčany and Bánovce nad Bebravou. The expressway will lead in the corridor R1 and R2.

The total length of the R8 will be 54.6 kilometres (33.9 mi). The construction of the expressway is expected only after 2030, not excluding the possible reassessment of the need for the road. According to the current plans of the Ministry of Transport, no sections of the R8 road will be constructed or open until 2028. With regard to the current intentions of the Ministry of Transport, the operation of the expressway along the entire length of the route cannot be expected before the year 2050.

R2 expressway (Slovakia)
R2 is an expressway (Slovak: rýchlostná cesta) in Slovakia, which begins near Trenčín and ends near Košice. It passes Bánovce nad Bebravou, Prievidza, Žiar nad Hronom, Zvolen, Lučenec, Rimavská Sobota and Rožňava. Sections between Žiar nad Hronom and Zvolen are shared with R1 and R3. There is also a planned shared section between Ráztočno and Žiar nad Hronom with R3.

In view of the current intentions of the Ministry of Transport, the entire length of the expressway cannot be expected to be operational before 2050.
Gunsight Mountain
Gunsight Mountain is a prominent 6,441-foot (1,963 m) elevation summit located 56 mi (90 km) northeast of Palmer in the Talkeetna Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This landmark is set midway between Palmer and Glennallen, with the Glenn Highway traversing the southern base of this mountain. This remote mountain is situated at the east end of Sheep Mountain, and 12.2 mi (20 km) northeast of Mount Wickersham, its nearest higher peak. The mountain's descriptive local name was reported in 1952 by U.S. Geological Survey, and derives from a conspicuous deep notch in the summit ridge which has the appearance of a gunsight. This mountain is called Siz'aani, meaning "Heart", in the Ahtna language.

Mount Wickersham
Mount Wickersham is a 7,415-foot (2,260 m) elevation mountain summit located 48 mi (77 km) east of Palmer, in the northern Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This landmark of the Matanuska Valley is set midway between Anchorage and Glennallen, at mile 101 of the Glenn Highway. It is situated immediately west of Matanuska Glacier, and 10.5 mi (17 km) east of Amulet Peak. The mountain was named in 1960 by Senator Bob Bartlett and Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, to remember James Wickersham (1857–1939), attorney, District Judge, and Territorial Delegate to Congress from Alaska. In June 1903, Wickersham was also leader of the (unsuccessful) first attempt to climb Denali. His attempt was stymied by steep cliffs which also now bear his name, Wickersham Wall.
Rockhampton School of Arts
Rockhampton School of Arts is a heritage-listed former school of arts at 230 Bolsover Street, Rockhampton City, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by William (Walter) Cherry built in 1894 by Walter Adam Lawson. It is also known as Rockhampton Regional Library and Rockhampton Municipal Theatre. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Rockhampton City, Queensland
Rockhampton City is the central suburb of the city of Rockhampton in the Rockhampton Region of Queensland, Australia. It is also known as the Rockhampton CBD. In the 2021 census, Rockhampton City had a population of 2,059 people.
1968 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1968 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 9th conference playoff in league history. The tournament was played between March 5 and March 9, 1968. All games were played at home team campus sites. By being declared as co-champions, both North Dakota and Denver were invited to participate in the 1968 NCAA University Division Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Though not official designations, North Dakota is considered as the East Regional Champion† and Denver as the West Regional Champion‡.

WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The WCHA Men's Tournament was the conference tournament for the men's division of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey conference that originally operated from 1951 to 2021. The tournament was also referred to as the WCHA Final Five, the moniker for the tournament's closing rounds. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament.  From 1985 to 2018, the winner of the tournament received the Broadmoor Trophy, before that trophy was retired in favor of the Jeff Sauer WCHA Championship Trophy.
Impatiens hawkeri
Impatiens hawkeri, the New Guinea impatiens, is a species of flowering plant in the family Balsaminaceae. It is native to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It has been bred and hybridized in cultivation to produce a line of garden plants.

Impatiens platypetala
Impatiens platypetala is variable species of perennial Impatiens discovered on the island of Java and widespread throughout Indonesia. It reaches 1 m (3.3 ft) high, with bright orange flowers that have a white eye in the center. The ovate to lanceolate-ovate leaves are 5 to 12 cm (2.0 to 4.7 in) long. It produces the anthocyanin aurantinidin.
Mary Willcox Brown Glenn
Mary Willcox Brown Glenn (1869–1940) was an American social worker. She is known for her involvement with the Charity Organization Society of Baltimore and the Family Welfare Association of America.

Glenn née Brown was born in Baltimore, Maryland on December 14, 1869. She began her career in social reform work at the Henry Watson Children's Aid Society of Baltimore. At the turn of the century she worked for the Baltimore Charity Organization Society.  She was an early advocate of social case work and the ideas of Mary Richmond.

In 1902 she married fellow Baltimorean and social reformer, John Mark Glenn. Glenn (1858-1950) served as a director of the Russell Sage Foundation. The couple settled in New York City where she was director of the Russell Sage Foundation’s Charity Organization Department.

Glenn co founded the National Association of Societies for Organizing Charity (now the Family Welfare Association of America).

She died on November 3, 1940, in New York City.

Mary Richmond
Mary Ellen Richmond (August 5, 1861 – September 12, 1928) was an American social work pioneer. She is regarded as the mother of professional social work along with Jane Addams. She founded social case work, the first method of social work and was herself a Caseworker.
Langer's Deli
Langer's Deli, also known as Langer's Delicatessen-Restaurant, is a kosher-style delicatessen located at 704 South Alvarado Street in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, opposite MacArthur Park.

Founded in 1947, Langer's is known for its No. 19 pastrami on rye sandwich, described by the Los Angeles Times as "the Marilyn Monroe of pastrami sandwiches". Since its founding, the restaurant claims to have sold over twenty million pounds (9,100,000 kg) of pastrami, and its pastrami has been deemed by some as being the best in the world.

MacArthur Park
MacArthur Park (originally Westlake Park) is a park dating back to the late 19th century in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. In the early 1940s, it was renamed after General Douglas MacArthur, and later designated City of Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #100.

The lake in MacArthur Park is fed by natural springs (although an artificial bottom to the lake was laid during the construction of the Red Line, opened in 1993). In the past, a fountain with a reflecting pool on the northern end was also fed by the springs. The Westlake/MacArthur Park B and D Line station is across the street.
Anil Dhasmana
Anil Dhasmana is a retired Indian Police Service officer who served as the Chief of National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO). He was also the Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India's foreign intelligence service.

Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing
The Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing (Sachev, Anusandhan evam Vishleshan Wing) is the seniormost non-elected official of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency. The post is generally held by a senior officer from the Indian Police Service (IPS). The Secretary R&AW reports directly to the Prime Minister of India and is responsible for all intelligence operations abroad.

The first secretary was R. N. Kao, who established the agency in 1968. As the head of R&AW, the secretary is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and national security assessments.
Krur
Krur (also spelled Crur) is a traditional mancala game played by the Hassaniya people in western Sahara, along the border of Nigeria and Mauritania, in southern Morocco, in Algeria, in northern Senegal, in Mali and in Niger. It is a children's game, very close to other simple African mancala such as Layli Goobalay (Somalia) and Nsa Isong (Nigeria).

Layli Goobalay
Layli Goobalay (or Layli Goobaly) is a board game played in parts of Somalia. It is a variant of the classical count and capture game mancala (from the Arabic word naqala, meaning literally "to move"), which is one of the oldest two-player strategy board games played throughout the world. Layli Goobalay means "to exercise with circles" in the Somali language.
Jessica Abughattas
Jessica Abughattas is an American poet. Her debut poetry collection, Strip, was the winner of the Etel Adnan Poetry Prize and was published by University of Arkansas Press.

Abughattas is of Palestinian heritage and was born and raised in California. She has a BFA in Journalism from Pepperdine University, where she was Editor-in-Chief of the student paper. She received her MFA from Antioch University and is a member of RAWI (Radius of Arab American Writers).

Her book was chosen for the Etel Adnan Poetry Prize by Hayan Charara and Fady Joudah, who said of her book: "Strip is a captivating debut about desire and dispossession, and that tireless poetic metaphor, the body. Audacious and clear-eyed, plainspoken and brassy, these are songs that break free from confinement." Victoria Chang said, "Any subject Abughattas writes about becomes a conundrum in the most beautiful of ways, whether the poet is investigating politics, family, identity, or love."

Etel Adnan
Etel Adnan (Arabic: إيتيل عدنان; 24 February 1925 – 14 November 2021) was a Lebanese-American poet, essayist, and visual artist. In 2003, Adnan was named "arguably the most celebrated and accomplished Arab American author writing today" by the academic journal MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States.

In addition to her literary output, Adnan made visual works in a variety of media, such as oil paintings, films and tapestries, which have been exhibited in galleries and museums across the world.
Gmina Uchanie
Gmina Uchanie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Uchanie, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Hrubieszów and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 120.75 square kilometres (46.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,009 (4,873 in 2013).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Strzelce Landscape Park.

Hrubieszów
Hrubieszów is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of around 18,212 (2016). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County within the Lublin Voivodeship.

Throughout history, the town's culture and architecture was strongly shaped by its Polish Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic and Jewish inhabitants. Almost all of the Jewish community of the town, however, perished in the Holocaust. Hrubieszów is also the birthplace of the Polish writer, novelist and author of popular books Bolesław Prus, and the entrepreneur and Holocaust survivor Henry Orenstein.
Mulling spices
Mulling spices are a spice mixture used in drink recipes. The spices are usually added to hot apple cider, mulled wine, glögg, wassail, hippocras, and other drinks (such as juices) during autumn or winter. A "mulled" drink is a beverage that has been prepared with these spices (usually through heating in a pot with mulling spices and then straining). Mulling spices may also be added to the brewing process to make spiced beer.

The combination of spices varies, but it usually consists of cinnamon, cloves, allspice, and nutmeg, and less frequently star anise, peppercorn, or cardamom. It also usually includes dried fruit, such as raisins, apples, or orange peel. Mulling spices can be bought prepackaged.

Illicium verum
Illicium verum (star anise or badian, Chinese star anise, star anise seed, star aniseed and star of anise) is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to South China and northeast Vietnam. Its star-shaped pericarp fruits harvested just before ripening are a spice that closely resembles anise in flavor. Its primary production country is China, followed by Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries. Star anise oil is highly fragrant, used in cooking, perfumery, soaps, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. Until 2012, when they switched to using genetically modified E. coli, Roche Pharmaceuticals used up to 90% of the world's annual star anise crop to produce oseltamivir (Tamiflu) via shikimic acid.
Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". Butterflies and moths were brought together under the name Lepidoptera. Linnaeus divided the group into three genera – Papilio, Sphinx and Phalaena. The first two, together with the seven subdivisions of the third, are now used as the basis for nine superfamily names: Papilionoidea, Sphingoidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, Tortricoidea, Pyraloidea, Tineoidea and Alucitoidea.

Papilio clytia
Papilio clytia, the common mime, is a swallowtail butterfly found in south and southeast Asia. The butterfly belongs to the subgenus Chilasa, the black-bodied swallowtails. It serves as an excellent example of a Batesian mimic among the Indian butterflies.
Computer Aided Surgery (journal)
The Computer Aided Surgery is a scientific journal covering all aspects of Computer-assisted surgery (CAS), a surgical concept and set of methods, that use computer technology for presurgical planning, and for guiding or performing surgical interventions.

The International Society for Computer Aided Surgery (ISCAS) is involved in the publication of the Journal.

International Society for Computer Aided Surgery
The International Society for Computer Aided Surgery (ISCAS)  is an INGO, whose purpose to promote all scientific and clinical advance of computer-aided surgery and related medical procedures around the world.
Soviet submarine K-320
The nuclear-powered Charlie-I Soviet submarine K-320 had a reactor accident on 18 January 1970, while under construction in Gorky. The submarine was repaired, commissioned on 15 September 1971 and was stricken in 1994.

Charlie-class submarine
The Project 670 Skat submarine (NATO classification Charlie class) was a nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine built for the Soviet Navy and later operated by the Russian Navy. All Charlie I/II-class submarines are decommissioned. One Charlie-class submarine was used for testing an Oniks missile. Charlie I and its successor Charlie II-class submarines are designed by the Lazurit Central Design Bureau of Gorky.
San Ciriaco de Camiliano
San Ciriaco de Camiliano was an ancient church of the city of Rome, formerly located on the present site of the Piazza del Collegio Romano near the Via del Corso (the ancient Via Lata of the Romans). It was demolished in 1491 during construction on the church of Santa Maria in Via Lata.

Santa Maria in Via Lata
Santa Maria in Via Lata is a church on the Via del Corso (the ancient Via Lata), in Rome, Italy. It stands diagonal from the church of San Marcello al Corso. It is the stational church for Tuesday in the fifth week of lent.
The Husband Who Was to Mind the House
The Husband Who Was to Mind the House is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their Norske Folkeeventyr.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 1408 The man who does his wife's work.

Jørgen Moe
Jørgen Engebretsen Moe (22 April 1813–27 March 1882) was a Norwegian folklorist, bishop, poet, and author. He is best known for the Norske Folkeeventyr, a collection of Norwegian folk tales which he edited in collaboration with Peter Christen Asbjørnsen.  He also served as the Bishop of the Diocese of Kristianssand from 1874 until his death in 1882.
Plodder Lane railway station
Plodder Lane railway station served the southern part of Bolton and the western, Highfield, part of Farnworth.

The station was located on the southern side of a bridge carrying Plodder Lane, the present B6199. The wooden station building was at road level with steps down to both platforms.

Plodder Lane station was on the London and North Western Railway route between Bolton Great Moor Street and Manchester Exchange.

Manchester Exchange railway station
Manchester Exchange was a railway station immediately north of Manchester city centre, England, which served it between 1884 and 1969. The main approach road ran from the end of Deansgate, near Manchester Cathedral, passing over the River Irwell, the Manchester-Salford boundary and Chapel Street; a second approach road led up from Blackfriars Road. Most of the station lay in Salford, with only the 1929 extension to platform 3 east of the Irwell in Manchester.