hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Voluntary euthanasia
Voluntary euthanasia is the purposeful ending of another person's life at their request, in order to relieve them of suffering. Voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) have been the focus of intense debate in the 21st century, surrounding the idea of a right to die. Some forms of voluntary euthanasia are legal in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland, Spain and Uruguay.

Voluntary refusal of food and fluids (VRFF), also called voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) or Patient Refusal of Nutrition and Hydration (PRNH), will similarly result in death. Some authors classify this voluntary action as a form of passive euthanasia, while others treat it separately because it is treated differently from legal point of view, and often perceived as a more ethical option. VRFF is sometimes suggested as a legal alternative to euthanasia in jurisdictions disallowing euthanasia.

Terminal dehydration
Terminal dehydration is dehydration to the point of death. Some scholars make a distinction between "terminal dehydration" and "termination by dehydration". Courts in the United States generally do not recognize prisoners as having a right to die by voluntary dehydration, since they view it as suicide.
2024 in arthropod paleontology
2024 in arthropod paleontology is a list of new arthropod fossil taxa, including arachnids, crustaceans, trilobites, and other arthropods (except insects, which have their own list) that were announced or described, as well as other significant arthropod paleontological discoveries and events which occurred in 2024.

2024 in paleoentomology
This list of 2024 in paleoentomology records new  fossil insect taxa that are to be described during the year, as well as documents significant paleoentomology discoveries and events which occurred during that year.
Berngal
Berngal, son of Géde Ollgothach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing his predecessor and cousin and his father's killer, Fíachu Findoilches. He made so much war that there was a shortage of milk and corn - according to one version, only a sack and a half. He ruled for either twenty-one or twelve years, until he was killed by his cousin Ailill, son of Slánoll. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Deioces of the Medes (694–665 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 833–831 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 1209–1197 BC.

Slánoll
Slánoll, son of Ollom Fotla, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Fínnachta. It is said that there was no disease during his reign (his name is explained as Old Irish slán, meaning "whole, healthy" and oll, meaning "great, ample"). After a reign of fifteen, seventeen, or thirty years, he was found dead of unknown causes in his bed in Tara and was succeeded by his brother Géde Ollgothach. When his body was dug up forty years later by his son Ailill, it showed no sign of decomposition. The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 895–880 BC, while the Annals of the Four Masters places it between 1257–1241 BC.
Old Banda
Banda was a multiethnic polity that emerged in the aftermath of the collapse of the mercantile center of Begho during the early 18th century. Situated in present-day Bono Region of Ghana, Banda evolved as a frontier society shaped by migrations, warfare, and trade, and was later incorporated into the Asante Empire and eventually restructured under British colonial rule.

Ewe people
The Ewe people (/ˈeɪ.weɪ/; Ewe: Eʋeawó, lit. 'Ewe people'; or Ewe: Mono Kple Amu (Volta) Tɔ́sisiwo Dome, lit. 'Between the Rivers Mono and Volta'; Ewe: Eʋenyígbá, lit. 'Eweland') are a Gbe-speaking ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in Ghana (6.0 million), and the second largest population is in Togo (3.1 million). They speak the Ewe language (Ewe: Eʋegbe) which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. They are related to other speakers of Gbe languages such as the Fon, Gen, Phla/Phera, Ogu/Gun, Maxi (Mahi), and the Aja people of Togo and Benin.
2013 Soho Square Ladies Tournament
The 2013 Soho Square Ladies Tournament was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $75,000+H in prize money. It took place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, on 18–24 November 2013.

2013 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2013 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2013 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Taraori
Taraori, or Tarori or Tarawari, as it is sometimes called in the local dialect, is a town (Municipal committee) in Nilokheri Tehsil of Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is situated off NH-44, 14 km north of Karnal. The name Taraori is derived from the word Tarai.

Nilokheri
Nilokheri is a town, just 19 km from Karnal city and a municipal committee in Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It has 13 wards. The town is located about 143 km from Delhi on National Highway 44.
Mercedes-Benz EQA
The Mercedes-Benz EQA is a battery electric subcompact luxury crossover SUV (C-segment) produced by German luxury vehicle brand Mercedes-Benz since February 2021. It is part of the EQ family, a range of vehicles expanded by 10 models in 2022. The vehicle uses the MFA2 platform, which designates C-segment and smaller-sized D-segment vehicles which use a base front-wheel drive layout.

As of 2023, the EQA is the smallest vehicle in the EQ Series, slotting beneath the D-segment EQB. The name "EQA" blends EQ, Mercedes' electric vehicle group, with the letter A, which signifies that the vehicle is the smallest of its class.

Subcompact crossover SUV
Subcompact crossover SUV is an automobile segment used to describe the smallest segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, below the compact crossover SUV. Subcompact crossover SUVs are usually based on a platform of a subcompact (also known as supermini or B-segment) passenger car, although some high-end subcompact crossover models are based on a compact car (C-segment). The segment started to gain traction during early to mid-2010s when the number of models and sales figures rapidly increased in major markets such as North America and Europe. In 2019, around 22 percent of SUV global sales were contributed by subcompact crossovers.

The segment is particularly popular in Europe, India, and Brazil where they account for 37 percent, 75 percent, and 69 percent of total SUV sales in 2018 respectively. In 2019, the best selling subcompact crossover was the Honda HR-V, recording 622,154 units being sold worldwide.
ELPAC Test
English Language Proficiency for Aeronautical Communication Test (ELPAC) is a EUROCONTROL test for aeronautical communication designed to assess ICAO English Language Proficiency for pilots and air traffic controllers, and reflects the range of tasks undertaken in air traffic control and pilot communications. The test focuses on language proficiency, not operational procedures.

Air traffic controller
An air traffic controller (ATC) is a person responsible for the coordination of air traffic within controlled airspace. Typically they work in area control centers or control towers, where they monitor aircraft movements and maintain direct communication with the pilots.

The profession dates back to the early 20th century, evolving alongside advances in aviation and radar technology to meet the growing demands of air travel.

It is considered to be highly demanding and stressful, requiring continuous decision-making and adaptability, often under time pressure. Factors such as unfavorable work schedules, high responsibility and the reliability of equipment further influence workload and stress levels. Despite these challenges, the role offers competitive salaries and strong job security, which are often cited as key benefits.
Liver of sulfur
Liver of sulfur is a loosely defined mixture of potassium sulfide, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiosulfate, and likely potassium bisulfide. Synonyms include hepar sulfuris,  sulfurated potash and sulfurated potassa.  There are two distinct varieties: "potassic liver of sulfur" and "ammoniacal liver of sulfur". It is traditionally used as an oxidising agent in metalwork.

Potassium hydrosulfide
Potassium hydrosulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula KSH. This colourless salt consists of the cation K+ and the bisulfide anion [SH]−. It is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with potassium hydroxide. The compound has been used in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds.  Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfide consist of a mixture of potassium hydrosulfide and potassium hydroxide.

The structure of the potassium hydrosulfide resembles that of potassium chloride. Their structure is however complicated by the non-spherical symmetry of the SH− anions, but these tumble rapidly in the solid.

Potassium hydrosulfide reacts with elemental sulfur to gives polysulfide salts, such as dipotassium pentasulfide.
Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca
Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca (born 17 May 1944 in Santo Antão, Portuguese Cape Verde) is a Cape Verdean diplomat and civil servant. He served as the Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries between 2004 and 2008.

Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
The Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Secretário Executivo da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) is the executive head and highest representative of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth.
NGC 2064
NGC 2064  (also designated as LBN 1627) is a reflection nebula that is located 1600 light years away from earth in the constellation Orion.  It was discovered on January 11, 1864, by Heinrich d'Arrest. It is part of a group of nebulae that includes Messier 78, NGC 2071 and NGC 2067. Objects that appear close to NGC 2064 from our perspective include the Spirograph nebula, Horsehead nebula, Flame nebula, Rosette nebula and the Orion nebula. This object has a magnitude of 8.2.

Rosette Nebula
The Rosette Nebula (also known as Caldwell 49) is an H II region located near one end of a giant molecular cloud in the Monoceros region of the Milky Way Galaxy. The open cluster NGC 2244 (Caldwell 50) is closely associated with the nebulosity, the stars of the cluster having been formed from the nebula's matter.

The nebula has a shape reminiscent of a human skull, and is sometimes referred to as the "Skull Nebula". It is not to be confused with NGC 246, which is also nicknamed the "Skull Nebula".

The Little Rosette Nebula, or Sharpless 2-170, is a less known nebula named for the Rosette Nebula.
Hawston
Hawston is a village in the Western Cape, South Africa, It is a fishing village north-east of Mudge Point, 5 km north-west of Onrusrivier and 11 km from Hermanus. It is named after C.R. Haw, a civil commissioner of Caledon.

Located in the Overstrand Local Municipality, about an hour from Cape Town, it is located between Fisherhaven and Vermont, Western Cape, and is close to Hermanus.

Fisherhaven
Fisherhaven is a suburb of the whale watching town of Hermanus in the Western Cape, South Africa. It is situated next to the Bot River Lagoon, about 14 km from Hermanus center and about 14 km from Arabella Country Estate and Golf course. There is an abundance of indigenous fauna and flora.
Queich
The Queich (German pronunciation: [kvaɪç]) is a tributary of the Rhine, which rises in the southern part of the Palatinate Forest, and flows through the Upper Rhine valley to its confluence with the Rhine in Germersheim. It is 52 kilometres (32 mi) long and is one of the four major drainage systems of the Palatinate Forest along with the Speyerbach, Lauter and Schwarzbach. The Queich flows through the towns Hauenstein, Annweiler am Trifels, Siebeldingen, Landau, Offenbach an der Queich and Germersheim.

Hauenstein
Hauenstein (German pronunciation: [ˈhaʊənˌʃtaɪn]) is a municipality in the Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Palatinate forest, approximately 20 km east of Pirmasens, and 20 km west of Landau.

Hauenstein is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hauenstein.

It is an important centre for the shoe industry, and is home to the German Shoe Museum (Deutsches Schuhmuseum).
2017 USL Cup playoffs
The 2017 USL Cup playoffs is a  postseason tournament following the 2017 United Soccer League regular season, the third since the league rebranded for the 2015 season, and the first as a USSF Division II league. Including USL Pro history, it is the sixth postseason tournament. The tournament will begin on the weekend of October 20 and end on the weekend of November 10.

Sixteen teams (top 8 per conference) will compete in the single elimination tournament. Teams will be seeded one through eight in each conference. The conference semifinal winners will play against each other in the Conference Championship, which will serve as the overall semifinals for the playoff. The Eastern and Western Conference Championship winners will play for the USL Cup. The winner of the playoffs will be crowned league champion.

USL Championship final
The USL Championship final is the post-season championship match of the USL Championship, the second tier of professional men's soccer in the United States. The winner is crowned champion in the same manner as in other North American sports leagues (i.e. via a playoff following a regular season).

Unlike most soccer leagues, but much like North American sports leagues, the USL champion does not earn promotion into Major League Soccer, due to the fixed membership structure found in the league.

As of 2024, the USL Championship final is typically held in late-November and features the Eastern Conference champion and Western Conference champion. The predecessor to the USL Championship final was the A-League Championship and the USL-1 Championship.
Cassia gens
The gens Cassia was a Roman family of great antiquity.  The earliest members of this gens appearing in history may have been patrician, but all those appearing in later times were plebeians.  The first of the Cassii to obtain the consulship was Spurius Cassius Vecellinus, in 502 BC.  He proposed the first agrarian law, for which he was charged with aspiring to make himself king, and put to death by the patrician nobility.  The Cassii were amongst the most prominent families of the later Republic, and they frequently held high office, lasting well into imperial times.  Among their namesakes are the Via Cassia, the road to Arretium, and the village of Cassianum Hirpinum, originally an estate belonging to one of this family in the country of the Hirpini.

Their most famous member is Gaius Cassius Longinus, an assassin of Julius Caesar alongside Brutus.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Robert L. Douglass House
The Robert L. Douglass House, at 10 S. Carson St. in Fallon, Nevada, United States, was built in 1904.  It has been described as an "outstanding" example of Queen Anne architecture.  The property also includes a structure known as the Cottage Hospital and the Fallon Hospital, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.  The listing included two contributing buildings.

No newspaper article or historical document contains any information which reveals the identity of the designer. But in 1903, a Reno architect named Ben Leon came to Fallon to design the Churchill County Courthouse and Churchill County Jail. That is why he is suspected to be the designer of the Robert L. Douglass House.

Churchill County Courthouse
The Churchill County Courthouse, at 10 W. Williams Avenue in Fallon, Nevada, was erected in 1903.  It was designed by Reno, Nevada, architect Ben Leon in Classical Revival style, including a monumental portico with two pairs of columns having Ionic capitals.  It served as the county courthouse until 1973 and then was used for offices.

It is significant as "one of the most substantial buildings in Churchill County" and as one of only two surviving frame courthouses in Nevada.: 6

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
The Battle Between Love and Chastity
The Battle Between Love and Chastity is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, now in the Musée du Louvre, in Paris, France. It was originally commissioned for the studiolo (cabinet) of Isabella d'Este, Marchesa of Mantua,  in the Castello di San Giorgio.

Andrea Mantegna
Andrea Mantegna (UK: /mænˈtɛnjə/, US: /mɑːnˈteɪnjə/; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa manˈteɲɲa]; c. 1431 – September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance painter, a student of Roman archaeology, and the son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g. by lowering the horizon in order to create a sense of greater monumentality. His flinty, metallic landscapes, and somewhat stony figures give evidence of a fundamentally sculptural approach to painting. He also led a workshop that was the leading producer of prints in Venice before 1500.
George Grey, 5th Earl of Stamford
George Harry Grey, 5th Earl of Stamford (1 October 1737 – 28 May 1819), styled Lord Grey from 1739–68, was a British nobleman who succeeded his father as the Earl of Stamford. In 1796, his maternal grandfather's peerage titles Earl of Warrington and Baron Delamer were revived for him.

Booth baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Booth, one in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. The 1916 creation remains extant as of 2026, the 1835 creation became extinct in 1896 and the 1611 baronetcy has been dormant since 1797.

Booth baronets of Dunham Massey (1611). The senior line of this creation was elevated to the peerage as Baron Delamer and Earl of Warrington.

Booth baronets of Portland Place (1835)

Booth baronets of Allerton Beeches (1916)
Tudur Hen ap Goronwy
Tudur Hen ap Goronwy was a Welsh aristocrat and original founder of the House of Tudor. He was one of three sons of Goronwy ab Ednyfed who received lands from King Edward I of England. Nonetheless, he backed the rebellion of Madog ap Llywelyn, but afterwards swore allegiance to both Edward I and his son, Edward of Caernarfon. Tudur Hen was responsible for the restoration of the Franciscan friary at Bangor, where his body was later placed on 11 October 1311.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (died 11 December 1282), also known as Llywelyn II and Llywelyn the Last (Welsh: Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf), was Prince of Gwynedd from 1255 to 1282. After successful campaigns across Wales in 1257, Llywelyn proclaimed himself Prince of Wales in 1258, and was recognised as such by Henry III of England in 1267 as part of the Treaty of Montgomery. He remained in this position even after his humbling by Edward I of England in the 1277 Treaty of Aberconwy, remaining Prince of Wales in name until his killing at Cilmeri in 1282, one of the final events in Edward's conquest of Wales.
2016–17 Premiership Rugby
The 2016–17 Aviva Premiership was the 30th season of the top flight English domestic rugby union competition and the seventh one to be sponsored by Aviva. The reigning champions entering the season were Saracens, who had claimed their third title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the 2016 final. Bristol Bears had been promoted as champions from the 2015–16 RFU Championship after a seven-year absence.

The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the fourth successive season. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown for the final time on ITV with extended highlights on BT Sport.

2015–16 Premiership Rugby
The 2015–16 Aviva Premiership was the 29th season of the top flight English domestic rugby union competition and the sixth one to be sponsored by Aviva. The reigning champions entering the season were Saracens, who had claimed their second title after defeating Bath in the 2015 final. Worcester Warriors had been promoted as champions from the 2014–15 RFU Championship at the first attempt.

The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the third successive season. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown on ITV4.
County of Flinders
The County of Flinders is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. The county covers the southern part of the Eyre Peninsula “bounded on the north by a line connecting Point Drummond with Cape Burr, and on all other sides by the seacoast, including all islands adjacent to the main land.”

Eyre Peninsula
The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded by the Spencer Gulf on the east, the Great Australian Bight on the west, and the Gawler Ranges to the north.

Earlier called Eyre's Peninsula, it was named after explorer Edward John Eyre, who explored parts of the peninsula in 1839–41. The coastline was first charted by the expeditions of Matthew Flinders in 1801–02 and French explorer Nicolas Baudin around the same time. Flinders also named the nearby Yorke's Peninsula and Spencer's Gulph on the same voyage.

The peninsula's economy is primarily agricultural, with growing aquaculture, mining, and tourism sectors. The main towns are Port Lincoln in the south, Whyalla and Port Augusta in the northeast, and Ceduna in the northwest. Port Lincoln (Galinyala in Barngarla), Whyalla and Port Augusta (Goordnada) are part of the Barngarla Aboriginal country.: 230  Ceduna is within Wirangu country.
Croatian Coast Guard
The Croatian Coast Guard (Croatian: Obalna straža Republike Hrvatske) is a division of the Croatian Navy responsible for protecting the interests of the Republic of Croatia at sea. The Croatian Navy is composed of classical naval forces structured into a flotilla and the Coast Guard that solely consists of ships with peacetime duties, e.g. protection of ecology, fishing, control of tankers, ballast waters, combat against terrorism, trafficking of people, narcotics, and similar.

Coast guard
A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with search and rescue without law enforcement authority. In most countries, a typical coast guard's functions are distinct from those of the navy (a military branch) and the transit police (a law enforcement agency), while in certain countries they have similarities to both.