hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hair tie
A hair tie (also called a ponytail holder, hairkeeper, hair band, hair elastic, wrap around, gogo, or bobble) is a styling aid used to fasten hair, particularly long hair, away from areas such as the face. This is usually done as part of a hairstyle such as pigtails, bunches, or ponytails for straight, wavy, and loosely curled hair, and referred to as afro puffs, bunny tails, and "pineapples" for highly curled and highly textured natural hair. Two common types of hair tie are the scrunchie and the elastic. The term can also include a fixed tie or rubber band which is placed through or around strands to hold specific parts of hair together, rather than tie it or clasp them together like a hair clip.

Hair ties' elasticity and durability vary according to the material or materials from which they are made.

Hairstyle
A hairstyle, hairdo, haircut, or coiffure refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human head but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.

The oldest known depiction of hair styling is hair braiding, which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also frequently kept covered outside the home, especially for married women.
Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt tram line
The Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt Tramway – less commonly also Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt Narrow-Gauge Railway – connected the three named towns until 1959 as a metre-gauge interurban tramway. It was opened in 1888 by the private Lokalbahn Aktien-Gesellschaft (LAG) and initially operated as a steam-powered branch line from Ravensburg to Weingarten. In 1910 it was electrified and in 1911 extended to Baienfurt.

In 1938 the line, popularly known as Zügle, Mühle, Bähnle or Lake Constance Lightning, was nationalized and thereafter, in accordance with the Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen (BOStrab) that came into force the same year, officially classified as a tramway. After 1938 the route was the only tramway operation owned by the German Reichsbahn, and after World War II the only tramway operation owned by the German Federal Railway.

Kirnitzschtal tramway
The Kirnitzschtal tramway, also known as the Kirnitzschtalbahn, is an electric tramway in Saxony, Germany. The line runs through the valley of the Kirnitzsch river in Saxon Switzerland, from the town of Bad Schandau up to the Lichtenhain Waterfall, in the municipality of Sebnitz. The line is principally a tourist service, being the only tramway to serve a National Park in Germany, and uses historical rolling stock built between 1925 and 1968.

The line is operated by the Regionalverkehr Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge GmbH (RVSOE). This company also operates local and regional bus services in Saxon Switzerland and the adjoining Osterzgebirge (Eastern Ore Mountains), together with boat services on the Elbe river.
CIA activities in Syria
Central Intelligence Agency activities in Syria since the agency's inception in 1947 have included coup attempts and assassination plots, and in more recent years, extraordinary renditions, a paramilitary strike, and funding and military training of forces opposed to the current government.

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
The director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is a statutory office (50 U.S.C. § 3036) that functions as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which in turn is a part of the United States Intelligence Community.

The director reports to the director of national intelligence (DNI) and is assisted by the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA). The director is a civilian or a general or flag officer of the United States Armed Forces nominated by the president of the United States, with the recommendation from the DNI, and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the United States Senate.
Katětov–Tong insertion theorem
The Katětov–Tong insertion theorem is a theorem of point-set topology proved independently by Miroslav Katětov and Hing Tong in the 1950s.  The theorem states the following:

Let  be a normal topological space and let  be functions with  upper semicontinuous,  lower semicontinuous, and . Then there exists a continuous function  with

This theorem has a number of applications and is the first of many classical insertion theorems. In particular it implies the Tietze extension theorem and consequently Urysohn's lemma, and so the conclusion of the theorem is equivalent to normality.

Urysohn's lemma
In topology, Urysohn's lemma is a lemma that states that a topological space is normal if and only if any two disjoint closed subsets can be separated by a continuous function.

Urysohn's lemma is commonly used to construct continuous functions with various properties on normal spaces. It is widely applicable since all metric spaces and all compact Hausdorff spaces are normal. The lemma is generalised by (and usually used in the proof of) the Tietze extension theorem.

The lemma is named after the mathematician Pavel Samuilovich Urysohn.
Benedict of Peterborough
Benedict, sometimes known as Benedictus Abbas (Latin for "Benedict the Abbot"; died 29 September 1193), was abbot of Peterborough. His name was formerly erroneously associated with the Gesta Henrici Regis Secundi and Gesta Regis Ricardi, English 12th-century chronicles, which are now attributed to Roger of Howden.

Felix Liebermann
Felix Liebermann (20 July 1851 – 7 October 1925) was a German historian, and is celebrated for his scholarly contributions to the study of medieval English history, particularly that of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman law.
Keystone wall plate
Keystone wall plates are used in commercial and industrial buildings to cleanly attach telecommunication cables etc. to a junction box, surface mount box, or a mud ring mounted in the drywall of a building. Keystone wall plates are made to work with many different types of cabling solutions, including coaxial, twisted pair, HDMI, optical fiber, etc. Keystone wall plates are made of plastic and have one to twelve ports. A keystone port is a hole in the wall plate which allows the insertion of a keystone module or other male or female cabling connectors. The most common colors of keystone wall plates are beige and white. Keystone wall plates are commonly made to be compatible with NEMA standard openings and boxes.

Junction box
An electrical junction box (also known as a "jbox") is an enclosure housing electrical connections. Junction boxes protect the electrical connections from the weather, also playing a crucial role in protecting people from accidental electric shocks.
Erwin Sánchez
Erwin Sánchez Freking (born 19 October 1969) is a Bolivian former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, currently a manager.

Dubbed Platini, most of his professional career was spent in Portugal, amassing Primeira Liga totals of 288 matches and 59 goals over 13 seasons mainly in representation of Boavista and Benfica. Retiring in 2005, he subsequently became a coach.

From 2006 to 2009, Sánchez managed the Bolivia national team after having appeared as a player in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the country's third participation.

2000–01 Primeira Liga
The 2000–01 Primeira Liga was the 67th edition of the top flight of Portuguese football. It started on 19 August 2000 with a match between Braga and Vitória de Guimarães, and ended on 27 May 2001. The league was contested by 18 clubs, with Sporting CP as the defending champions.

Boavista won their first league title, becoming only the second champions from outside the Portuguese "Big Three" (Os Três Grandes) of Benfica, Porto and Sporting, after Belenenses in the 1945–46 season. Boavista qualified for the 2001–02 UEFA Champions League group stage along with Porto, who entered the second qualifying round. Sporting and Marítimo qualified for the 2001–02 UEFA Cup. At the bottom of the table, Campomaiorense, Desportivo das Aves and Estrela da Amadora were relegated to the Segunda Liga. Pena finished as the top scorer with 22 goals. This season saw also Benfica finish sixth, their lowest ever Primeira Liga position.
Acadians in Quebec
The Acadian community in Quebec is distributed across several regions and comprises individuals with diverse origins. A survey conducted by Léger revealed that over one million Quebecers have an Acadian surname. A study by the University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM) indicates that approximately 4.8 million Quebec residents have one or more Acadian ancestors in their family tree. Montreal alone is home to approximately 200,000 individuals with Acadian heritage. The regions where Acadians reside are referred to as "Cadies", and numerous towns and villages use "Cadiens" as their demonym.

Gaspé Peninsula
The Gaspé Peninsula, also known as Gaspesia (French: Gaspésie, [ɡaspezi]), is a peninsula along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River that extends from the Matapedia Valley in Quebec, Canada, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is separated from New Brunswick on its southern side by Chaleur Bay and the Restigouche River. The name Gaspé comes from the Mi'kmaq word gespe'g, meaning "end", referring to the end of the land.

The Gaspé Peninsula is slightly larger than Belgium, at 31,075 square kilometres (11,998 sq mi). The population is 140,599 as of the 2011 census. It is also noted as the only region outside the Channel Islands to contain native speakers of Jersey Norman.
1969 Senior League World Series
The 1969 Senior League World Series took place from August 12–16 in Gary, Indiana, United States. Sacramento, California defeated Gary, Indiana in the championship game.

This year featured the debut of the European region.

Senior League World Series (Europe–Africa Region)
The Senior League World Series Europe-Africa Region is one of six International regions that currently sends teams to the World Series in Easley, South Carolina. The region's participation in the SLWS dates back to 1969.
2020–21 UEFA Nations League A
The 2020–21 UEFA Nations League A was the top division of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. League A culminated with the Nations League Finals in October 2021 to determine the champions of the competition.

Portugal were the defending champions, having won the inaugural 2019 finals. However, they failed to qualify for the 2021 finals after finishing second in their group behind France. None of the teams that had qualified for the previous UEFA Nations League Finals qualified for the 2021 edition.

France won the final 2–1 against Spain for their first UEFA Nations League title.

2021 UEFA Nations League final
The 2021 UEFA Nations League final was a football match that determined the winners of the final tournament of the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League. It was the second final of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The match was held on 10 October 2021 at the San Siro in Milan, Italy, and was contested by Spain and France.

France won the match 2–1 for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Cyclic number (group theory)
A cyclic number is a natural number n such that n and φ(n) are coprime. Here φ is Euler's totient function. An equivalent definition is that a number n is cyclic if and only if any group of order n is cyclic.

Any prime number is clearly cyclic. All cyclic numbers are square-free.
Let n = p1 p2 … pk where the pi are distinct primes, then φ(n) = (p1 − 1)(p2 − 1)...(pk – 1). If no pi divides any (pj – 1), then n and φ(n) have no common (prime) divisor, and n is cyclic.

The first cyclic numbers are 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 95, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 115, 119, 123, 127, 131, 133, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 149, ... (sequence A003277 in the OEIS).

Square-free integer
In mathematics, a square-free integer (or squarefree integer) is an integer that is divisible by no square number other than 1. That is, its prime factorization has exactly one factor for each prime that appears in it. For example, 10 = 2 ⋅ 5 is square-free, but 18 = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 is not, because 18 is divisible by 9 = 32. The smallest positive square-free numbers are
2006 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2006 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 96th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Oulart–The Ballagh entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 21 October 2006 at Wexford Park, between Rathnure and Oulart–The Ballagh, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in two years. Rathnure won the match by 1-12 to 0-06 to claim their 20th championship title overall and a first title in three yeats. It remains their last title success.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
Elks-Rogers Hotel
The Elks-Rogers Hotel, also known as Park Hotel of Clear Lake, was a resort hotel in Clear Lake, Iowa built in 1901. It was "a classic piece of late Victorian architecture often found in the trans-Mississippi West." It had brick walls (made of soft brick of the area), fan windows, and a large porch with Doric columns.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. At the time of its nomination to the National Register, it was the last surviving resort hotel of its era in the state, because the others had been demolished.

This structure has been demolished. A neighboring business location reported that it was torn down in about 1997. A modern brick structure replaced it and is the location for the VFW.

It is still listed in the National Register.

Clear Lake, Iowa
Clear Lake is a city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,687 at the 2020 census.  The city is named for the large natural lake on which it is located. Clear Lake is known for its rock and roll heritage, water sports, nearby state parks, and as a sailing destination.

Clear Lake is located on Interstate 35 and serves as a regional hub with nearby Mason City for north-central Iowa. The city is included in the Mason City, IA Micropolitan Area along with all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties.
Roman Libya
The area of North Africa which has been known as Libya since 1911 was under Roman domination between 146 BC and 672 AD (though the region was briefly taken by the Vandals in 430 AD, and then recaptured by the Byzantines).The Latin name Libya at the time referred to the continent of Africa in general, see Ancient Libya. What is now coastal Libya was known as Tripolitania and Pentapolis, divided between the Africa province in the west, and Crete and Cyrenaica in the east. In 296 AD, the Emperor Diocletian separated the administration of Crete from Cyrenaica and in the latter formed the new provinces of "Upper Libya" and "Lower Libya", using the term Libya as a political state for the first time in history.

Romanization (cultural)
Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire. The terms were used in ancient Roman historiography and traditional Italian historiography until the Fascist period, when the various processes were called the "civilizing of barbarians".
Institute of Optics
The Institute of Optics is a department and research center at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. The institute grants degrees at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels through the University of Rochester School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Since its founding, the institute has granted over 2,500 degrees in optics, making up about half of the degrees awarded in the field in the United States. The institute is made up of 20 full-time professors, 12 professors with joint appointments in other departments, 10 adjunct professors, 5 research scientists, 11 staff, about 170 undergraduate students and about 110 graduate students.

Optical lens design
Optical lens design is the process of designing a lens to meet a set of performance requirements and constraints, including cost and manufacturing limitations. Parameters include surface profile types (spherical, aspheric, holographic, diffractive, etc.), as well as radius of curvature, distance to the next surface, material type and optionally tilt and decenter. The process is computationally intensive, using ray tracing or other techniques to model how the lens affects light that passes through it.
Hazen's Notch State Park
Hazen's Notch State Park is a 307-acre state park in the town of Westfield, Vermont, in Orleans County. The park features the height of land of Hazen's Notch, a mountain pass in the northern Green Mountains of Vermont. It is located on Vermont Route 58.

Activities in the undeveloped park include hunting, hiking, bird watching, and snowshoeing. The Long Trail passes through sections of the park.

The park includes the 273-acre Hazen's Notch Natural Area, which features cliffs of serpentine rock that support rare alpine and serpentine-adapted plant species. Peregrine falcons have also nested here historically. The Long Trail passes through the Natural Area. The Long Range Management Plan emphasizes protection of natural resources while allowing for undeveloped recreation. The plan includes a detailed geological, natural, cultural and recreational history of Hazen's Notch.

Long Trail
The Long Trail is a hiking trail located in Vermont, running the length of the state. It is the oldest long-distance trail in the United States, constructed between 1910 and 1930 by the Green Mountain Club (GMC). The club remains the primary organization responsible for the trail, and is recognized by the state legislature as "the founder, sponsor, defender, and protector" of the Long Trail System. The long trail sees 410,000 people annually.
Praha hlavní nádraží
Praha hlavní nádraží (IATA: XYG) is the largest railway station in Prague, Czech Republic. It opened in 1871 as Franz Josef Station, after Franz Joseph I of Austria. During the First Republic and from 1945 to 1948 the station was called Wilson Station (Czech: Wilsonovo nádraží), after the former President of the United States Woodrow Wilson.

The station is the largest Art Nouveau monument in the Czech Republic. Since 31 December 1976, it has been a cultural monument of the Czech Republic and since 1993 it has been part of the urban monument zone of Vinohrady, Žižkov and Vršovice.

In 2014, the station served 224,505 trains (610 daily) and more than 53,000,000 passengers (71,000 daily) and a number of regional, national and international trains, for which it is often the starting or final station. The station is connected to Prague Metro Line C and the Hlavní nádraží railway station.

ČD Class 680
ČD Class 680 are high-speed EMUs operating in the Czech Republic, using tilting Pendolino technology intended for the SuperCity train service. Built by Alstom (originally Fiat Ferroviaria), they were largely based on the nine-car ETR 470.  While testing from Břeclav to Brno on November 18, 2004, the Pendolino reached a speed of 237 km/h (147 mph) and created a new Czech railway speed record. The units are able to operate on 25 kV 50 Hz AC, 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC and 3,000 V DC.
2016 Russian Figure Skating Championships
The 2016 Russian Figure Skating Championships (Russian: Чемпионат России по фигурному катанию на коньках 2016) were held from 23 to 27 December 2015 in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The results were part of the selection criteria for Russia's teams sent to the 2016 World Championships and 2016 European Championships.

Figure skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Figure skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre in Hamar, Norway from 12 to 21 February 2016.

Unique to the Youth Olympic Games was a mixed NOC team trophy competition.
Women's Health and Human Life Protection Act
The  Women's Health and Human Life Protection Act  was a state law passed by the South Dakota State Legislature in early 2006. It emerged as an effort to overturn Roe v. Wade via enacting a ban on abortion in the state of South Dakota.  The law was repealed by voter referendum on November 7, 2006.

Mike Rounds
Marion Michael Rounds (born October 24, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the junior United States senator from South Dakota since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 31st governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011.

Rounds was raised in Pierre, South Dakota. He attended South Dakota State University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree. He was elected to the South Dakota Senate in 1990, representing the 24th district until 2001. Rounds ran for governor of South Dakota in 2002, and after an upset victory in the Republican primary, won the general election. He was reelected in 2006.

In 2014, Rounds was elected to the United States Senate, succeeding retiring Democrat Tim Johnson. He was reelected in 2020.
Internal combustion locomotive
An internal combustion locomotive is a type of railway locomotive that produces its pulling power using an internal combustion engine. These locomotives are fuelled by burning fossil fuels, most commonly oil or gasoline (UK: petrol), to produce rotational power which is transmitted to the locomotive's driving wheels by various direct or indirect transmission mechanisms. The fuel is carried on the locomotive.

Traction motor
A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains.

Traction motors are used in electrically powered railway vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles, including electric milk floats, trolleybuses, elevators, roller coasters, and conveyor systems, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (diesel–electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles.
Alexander PS type
The Alexander PS-type was a step-entrance single-deck bus body built by Walter Alexander Coachbuilders in Falkirk, Scotland and was produced from 1988 to the late 1990s on the Dennis Lance, Mercedes-Benz O405, Scania N113 and Volvo B10M chassis.

The Alexander PS-type was developed from the Alexander's single-deck export body for Singapore Bus Services, and was based on the domestic P-type with a revised front end. It was initially launched in the United Kingdom on the Scania N113CR chassis in 1988.

The Alexander PS-type was ultimately succeeded by the Alexander ALX200 and Alexander ALX300 low-floor bus bodies.

Alexander ALX200
The Alexander ALX200 was a single-decker bus body built by Alexander of the United Kingdom. It was created for low-floor bus chassis produced from the late 1990s and was launched in spring 1996 as a low-floor replacement of the Alexander Dash. It was marketed in Alexander's 'ALX' series to fill in the gap between the ALX100 minibus and the ALX300 full-size single-decker.