hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 European Cross Country Championships
The 2019 European Cross Country Championships is the 26th edition of the European Cross Country Championships. It was held 8 December 2019, hosted by Lisbon, Portugal. It was the third occasion that Portugal has hosted the championships.

European Cross Country Championships
The European Cross Country Championships is an annual international cross country running competition. Organised by the European Athletic Association, it is the area championships for the region and is held in December each year. The championships was inaugurated in 1994 in Alnwick and the venue for the championships changes each year.

Unlike the World Championships for the sport, the European Cross Country Championships consists of six races in age categories, with separate senior, under-23, and junior races for both men and women. There are individual and national team medals awarded in each race. In the team competition, the top three from a team of up to six are scored.
Spiral (railway)
A spiral (sometimes called a spiral loop or just loop) is a technique employed by railways to ascend steep hills.

A railway spiral rises on a steady curve until it has completed a loop, passing over itself as it gains height, allowing the railway to gain vertical elevation in a relatively short horizontal distance. It is an alternative to a zig-zag, and avoids the need for the trains to stop and reverse direction while ascending. If the train is longer than the length of each loop it may be possible to view it looping above itself.

The term "loop" is also often used for a railway that curves sharply and goes back on itself: if the railway crosses itself, then it forms a spiral or helix; otherwise, it forms the much more common horseshoe curve or bend.

Uganda Railway
The Uganda Railway was a metre-gauge railway system and former British state-owned railway company. The line linked the interiors of Uganda and Kenya with the Indian Ocean port of Mombasa in Kenya. After a series of mergers and splits, the line is now in the hands of the Kenya Railways Corporation and the Uganda Railways Corporation.
Hairspray (2002 album)
Hairspray: Original Broadway Cast Recording is the cast album for the 2002 musical Hairspray. The show is an adaptation of the 1988 film of the same name. It features performances from the show's cast, which includes Harvey Fierstein, Linda Hart, Dick Latessa, Kerry Butler, Clarke Thorell, Mary Bond Davis, Laura Bell Bundy, Matthew Morrison, Corey Reynolds, and Marissa Jaret Winokur as the lead character of Tracy Turnblad. The cast recording earned the 2003 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album.

Cast recording
A cast recording is a recording of a stage musical that is intended to document the songs as they were performed in the show and experienced by the audience. An original cast recording or OCR, as the name implies, features the voices of the show's original cast. A cast recording featuring the first cast to perform a musical in a particular venue is known, for example, as an "original Broadway cast recording" (OBCR) or an "original London cast recording" (OLCR).

Cast recordings are (usually) studio recordings rather than live recordings. The recorded song lyrics and orchestrations are nonetheless identical (or very similar) to those of the songs as performed in the theatre. Like any studio performance, the recording is an idealized rendering, without audible audience reaction.
Sally Buck
Sara Long "Sally" Buck (1930 – August 23, 2014) was a part-owner of the Philadelphia Phillies baseball team. She and her late husband, Alexander Buck, joined the team's ownership group in 1981. She became a partner upon her husband's death in 2010.

She was the second Phillies part-owner to die within a year – the other was Claire Betz.

Claire Betz
Claire Smith Betz (January 11, 1921 – February 6, 2014) was a part-owner of the Philadelphia Phillies baseball team.

She inherited her part-ownership from her husband, John Betz – who bought his share of the team in 1981 – when he died in 1990. According to Bill Conlin, she had a 33% stake in the team in 2007, making her the largest stakeholder of the ownership group. She was part of the cabal of Phillies owners known as the "Phantom Five", so-called because of their reclusiveness and lack of involvement in Phillies affairs.

The Betz family made its fortunes in Betz Laboratories, a water treatment company based in Pennsylvania.

The Phillies honored Betz with the wearing of a "CB" memorial patch on their uniforms during the 2014 season.
Loggia dei Lanzi
The Loggia dei Lanzi, also called the Loggia della Signoria, is a building on the south corner of the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy, adjoining the Uffizi Gallery (leading to the Arno), and diagonally to the east the Palazzo della Signoria, the political center of the city. The loggia consists of three very high and wide arches open to the Piazza and on its east side to the Uffizi. The arches rest on cluster columns with Corinthian capitals. The wide arches appealed so much to the Florentines that Michelangelo proposed that they should be continued all around the Piazza della Signoria (see also Piazza Santissima Annunziata).

Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy.  He built the Uffizi (office) to organize his administration, and conquered Siena to consolidate Florence's rule in Tuscany. He expanded the Pitti Palace and most of the Boboli Gardens were also laid out during his reign.
Rustai-ye Mosteza Afan
Rustai-ye Mosteza Afan (Persian: روستاي مستضعفان, also Romanized as Rūstāī-ye Mostez̤a ʿAfān) is a village in Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 26 families.

Rudbar Rural District (Rudbar-e Jonubi County)
Rudbar Rural District (Persian: دهستان رودبار) is in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Firuzabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Eslamabad.
Mazhory
Mazhory (roughly meaning "the upper ones", from French majeurs) is a slang term used in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet countries for children of privileged people, who take advantage of their inborn privileges (nepotism, cronyism, avoiding due punishment, etc.), often in an arrogant and abusive way.

Cronyism
Cronyism is awarding positions, jobs, contracts, loans, privileges, or advantages to friends or colleagues. It is used especially in politics, when referring to partiality between politicians and businesses. A person who supports or partakes in cronyism is referred to as a crony, cronie, or cronyist.

Cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications. This is in contrast to a meritocracy, in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, doing favors to organizations, or giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places.
Armagnac-Ténarèze
Armagnac-Ténarèze is one of the three terroirs (plantation areas) in the Armagnac region of France where grapes for the distillation of the Armagnac eau-de-vie can be cultivated. This area lies between Bas-Armagnac and  Haut-Armagnac, covering the northwestern part of the department of Gers and the southern part of Lot-et-Garonne. Together the three areas form a single region where Armagnac (as well as Côtes de Gascogne and Floc de Gascogne, which share the same AOC-limits) can be produced.

County of Armagnac
The County of Armagnac (US: /ˌɑːrmənˈjæk, ˌɑːrmɑːnˈjɑːk/, French: [aʁmaɲak] ⓘ; Gascon: Armanhac), situated between the Adour and Garonne rivers in the lower foothills of the Pyrenées, was a historic county of  the Duchy of Gascony, established in 601 in Aquitaine (now France).  In 960, the title of 'Count of Armagnac' was established, and thus the County of Armagnac was created.  In 1751, following the death of childless Charles de Lorraine, Comte d'Armagnac, the title of the county was absorbed into the Crown lands of France and the King, then Louis XV took the title of 'Count of Armagnac' (Comte d'Armagnac).  In 1791, following the decree dividing France into departments, the county was disestablished, but remains an important natural region of France.
Ratingen-Homberg
Ratingen-Homberg is that part of the city of Ratingen, in Mettman district, North Rhine-Westphalia that, until the bringing of industrialisation to the city, was the independent village of Homberg - at that time being in the district Homberg-Meiersberg, with its scenic churches, one Protestant and one Catholic.

Mettmann
Mettmann (German: [ˈmɛtˌman] ⓘ) is a town in the northern part of the Bergisches Land, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Mettmann, Germany's most densely populated rural district. The town lies east of Düsseldorf and west of Wuppertal. A local variety of the Limburgish language called Metmannsch Platt is spoken in town.
Espen Andersen
Espen Andersen (born July 12, 1961) is a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who competed from 1982 to 1987. He won the 3 x 10 km silver medal at the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and the silver medal in 1985.

Andersen's first victories was at the 1984 Holmenkollen ski festival, the World Cup in Falun in 1983, and at the World Cup in Sapporo in 1983.
His strength was in the jumping hill. He also had three individual World Cup victories through his career. He is the brother of ski jumper Geir Andersen.

Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival (Norwegian: Holmenkollen skifestival or Holmenkollrennene) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
Xiaomi Mi Band 2
The Xiaomi Mi Band 2 is a low cost, wearable activity tracker produced by Xiaomi. It was released on 7 June 2016. Unlike its predecessor, the Xiaomi Mi Band 2 comes with an OLED screen and a capacitive button. In September 2017, Xiaomi released an ultra low-cost version of the Mi Band 2, titled "Mi Band - HRX Edition"

On 31 May 2018, Xiaomi released the Mi Band 3, the successor to the Mi Band 2.

Xiaomi Mi Band 3
The Xiaomi Mi Band 3 is a wearable activity tracker produced by Xiaomi Inc. It was released on 31 May 2018. It has a capacitive OLED display. The tracker features heart rate monitoring, although it does not offer continuous heart rate display.
Apalala
Apalāla is a water-dwelling Nāga in Buddhist mythology. It is said that Apalāla lived near the Swat River, this area is currently located in Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. He is known to be a Naga King.

Apalāla was converted to Buddhism by the Buddha; this is one of the most popular legends in Buddhist lore and art. The tale is often told to children of Buddhist parents for them to learn their happiness lies in the Buddhist faith.

Nagaraja
A Nagaraja (Sanskrit: नागराज nāgarāja, lit. 'king of the nagas') is a king of the various races of the nāga, the divine or semi-divine, half-human, half-serpent beings that reside in the netherworld (Patala), and can occasionally take human form.
Rituals devoted to these supernatural beings have been taking place throughout South Asia for at least two thousand years.
Farmer's and Merchant's Bank Building (Red Cloud, Nebraska)
The Farmer's and Merchant's Bank Building, also known as the Garber Bank, is a historic building in Red Cloud, Nebraska. It was built in 1888-1889 by Seward Garber and John W. Moon. The bank's founding president was Silas Garber. Author Willa Cather took inspiration from the Garber family to write about Captain and Mrs Forrester in her 1923 novel, A Lost Lady. She also used the building as inspiration in her 1935 novel, Lucy Gayheart. It was designed in the Renaissance Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 5, 1981.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Webster County, Nebraska
Webster County, Nebraska, United States, has 37 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including two National Historic Landmarks. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
Christianity in Kosovo
Christianity in Kosovo has a long-standing tradition dating to the Roman Empire. The entire Balkan region had been Christianized by the Roman, Byzantine, First Bulgarian Empire, Serbian Kingdom, Second Bulgarian Empire, and Serbian Empire till 13th century. After the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 until 1912, Kosovo was part of the Muslim Ottoman Empire, and a high level of Islamization occurred. During the time period after World War II, Kosovo was ruled by secular socialist authorities in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). During that period, Kosovars became increasingly secularized. Today, 87% of Kosovo's population are from Muslim family backgrounds, most of whom are ethnic Albanians, but also including Slavic speakers (who mostly identify themselves as Gorani or Bosniaks) and Turks.

Ulpiana
Ulpiana was an ancient Roman city located in what is today Kosovo. It was also named Justiniana Secunda (Latin: Iustiniana Secunda, Serbian: Justinijana Sekunda, Albanian: Justiniana Sekunda). Ulpiana is located in the municipality of Gračanica, 12 km southeast of Pristina. The Municipium Ulpiana or Iustiniana Secunda was proclaimed an archaeological park under the permanent protection of Kosovo by the Kosova Council for Cultural Heritage in 2016. The archaeological park has an area of 161.10 hectares and a surrounding protection zone of 96.23 hectares. Ulpiana was among the largest settlements in the Balkans in late antiquity.
Kedung Ombo Dam
Kedung Ombo Reservoir is one of the major reservoirs in Indonesia. It is located on the border of three regencies in Central Java  Province, namely Grobogan Regency, Sragen Regency, and Boyolali Regency, in District Geyer, Grobogan District. The main dam of Kedung Ombo Reservoir is located on the border of Rambat Village and Juworo Village, Geyer Sub-District, Grobogan District. This reservoir uses Serang River as its main source of water, along with the Uter/Sungai Kombo/Banjaran River. Other water sources are supplied from several large and small rivers that supply water to Kedung Ombo Reservoir, including the Braholo River, Central River, Nglanji River, Tapen River and Sambas River.

Sragen Regency
Sragen Regency (Javanese: ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦿꦒꦺꦤ꧀, romanized: Kabupatèn Sragèn) is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the eastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 994.57 km2 and had a population of 858,266 at the 2010 Census and 976,951 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at end 2024 was 1,004,761 (comprising 500,487 males and 504,274 females). Its capital is the town of Sragen, located about 30 km to the northeast of Surakarta. Sragen is bordered by Karanganyar Regency to the south, Boyolali Regency to the west, Grobogan Regency to the north, and East Java Province to the east.

Java's longest river, the Bengawan Solo River, flows through the fertile rice fields in the region. The archaeological excavation and UNESCO World Heritage Site of Sangiran is located in Sragen.
Hunsrückquerbahn
The Hunsrückquerbahn (English: Trans-Hunsrück Railway) is a deactivated railway located in the Hunsrück region of Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. The line connects with the Nahe Valley Railway (Nahetalbahn) in Langenlonsheim to the east with the partially abandoned Hochwaldbahn in Hermeskeil to the west. It was the primary railway through the Hunsrück, having both passenger and freight services.

Originally called the Hunsrückbahn, the change of name occurred as adjustments to passenger service occurred between 1978 and 1984. A nearby railway and former spur route that continues to serve passenger and tourist traffic between Boppard and Emmelshausen now carries the original name, while the original railway was renamed the Hunsrückquerbahn.

Emmelshausen
Emmelshausen (German pronunciation: [ɛml̩sˈhaʊzn̩]) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, to which it also belongs. Emmelshausen is a state-recognized climatic spa (Luftkurort), and in state planning is set out as a lower centre.
Pranjal Lahensingh Patil
Pranjal Lahensingh Patil (born 1 April 1988) is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer and India's first visually impaired woman to hold such a position. Despite losing her vision at the age of six, she has made significant contributions to public administration in India.

Civil Services Examination
The Civil Services Examination (CSE) is a standardised test in India conducted by the Union Public Service Commission(UPSC) for recruitment to higher civil services in the Government of India, such as the All India Services and Central Civil Services (Group A and a few Group B posts).

It is conducted in three phases: a preliminary examination consisting of two objective-type papers (Paper I consisting of General Studies and Paper II, referred to as the Civil Service Aptitude Test or CSAT), and a main examination consisting of nine papers of conventional (essay) type, in which two papers are qualifying and only marks of seven are counted; finally followed by a personality test (interview). A successful candidate sits for 32 hours of examination during the complete process spanning around one year.
P. K. Kodiyan
P.K. Kodiyan (September 22, 1923 - October 28, 2001) was an Indian politician and a leader of the Communist Party of India (CPI). He was a member of the 2nd Lok Sabha, representing the Kollam constituency and 6th & 7th Lok Sabha representing the Adoor constituency.

2nd Lok Sabha
The Second Lok Sabha (5 April 1957 – 31 March 1962) was elected after the 1957 Indian general election. The 2nd Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962.

15 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 2nd Lok Sabha after the Indian general elections, 1957.
2016 Big South Conference baseball tournament
The 2016 Big South Conference baseball tournament was held from May 24 through 28 of 2016.  The top eight regular season finishers of the conference's twelve teams met in the double-elimination tournament to be held at Lexington County Baseball Stadium in Lexington, South Carolina.  The tournament champion, Coastal Carolina, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. Coastal Carolina went on to win the 2016 Men’s College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska.

Big South Conference baseball tournament
The Big South Conference baseball tournament, sometimes referred to simply as the Big South tournament, is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Big South Conference.  The top eight finishers in the regular season of the conference's 11 teams advance to the double-elimination tournament, which is currently held at a neutral site at Segra Stadium in Fayetteville, North Carolina, from 2019 to 2021. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Tournament.
Michel Brunet (paleontologist)
Michel Brunet (born April 6, 1940) is a French paleontologist and a professor at the Collège de France between 2008 and 2011.  In 2001 Brunet announced the discovery in Central Africa of the skull and jaw remains of a late Miocene hominid nicknamed Toumaï. These remains may predate the earliest previously known hominid remains, Lucy, by over three million years; however, this conclusion is the subject of a significant controversy.

Paleoanthropology
Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology and anthropology which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).

The field draws from and combines primatology, paleontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. As technologies and methods advance, genetics plays an ever-increasing role, in particular to examine and compare DNA structure as a vital tool of research of the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.
Province of New South Wales
The Province of New South Wales is an ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Church of Australia, the boundaries of which are nearly all of the state  New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The province consists of seven dioceses: Armidale, Bathurst, Canberra and Goulburn, Grafton, Newcastle, Riverina and Sydney.

The metropolitan of the province is the Archbishop of Sydney. Kanishka Raffel was elected as Archbishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of New South Wales on 6 May 2021 and was consecrated and installed in that role on 28 May 2021.

Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn
The Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn is one of the 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia.  The diocese has 60 parishes covering most of south-east New South Wales, the eastern Riverina and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).  It stretches from Marulan in the north, from Batemans Bay to Eden on the south coast across to Holbrook in the south-west, north to Wagga Wagga, Temora, Young and Goulburn.
Unified national access
Unified National Access, (Nafath; Arabic: نفاذ) is a Saudi national digital identity system that allow Saudi citizens and residents to use an Absher account as single sign-on identity provider service providing basic information about the individual to the beneficiary and verifiying their status of residency or citizenship. The program was announced on 28 November 2016 by the Saudi Ministry of Interior to simplify and modernize log-in into governmental services.

The Nafath project was started at the Ministry of Interior together within National Information Center of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, develop and implemented by Elm Company and Technology Control Company, The system is interconnected with over 530 government and private platforms and applications.

Since its inception, Nafath has executed more than 3 billion verification operations as of November 2024.

Identity provider
An identity provider (abbreviated IdP, IDP, or idp) is a system entity that creates, maintains, and manages identity information for principals and also provides authentication services to relying applications within a federation or distributed network.
Identity providers offer user authentication as a service. Relying party applications, such as web applications, outsource the user authentication step to a trusted identity provider. Such a relying party application is said to be federated, that is, it consumes federated identity.

An identity provider is “a trusted provider that lets you use single sign-on (SSO) to access other websites.” SSO enhances usability by reducing password fatigue. It also provides better security by decreasing the potential attack surface.

Identity providers can facilitate connections between cloud computing resources and users, thus decreasing the need for users to re-authenticate when using mobile and roaming applications.