hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nowa Słupia
Nowa Słupia [ˈnɔva ˈswupja] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Słupia. It lies approximately 34 km (21 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Historical race concepts
The concept of race as a  categorization of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) has an extensive history in Europe and the Americas. The contemporary word race itself is modern; historically it was used in the sense of "nation, ethnic group" during the 16th to 19th centuries. Race acquired its modern meaning in the field of physical anthropology through scientific racism starting in the 19th century. With the rise of modern genetics, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. The American Anthropological Association's 1998 "Statement on Race" outlined race as a social construct, not biological reality.

Alfred Cort Haddon
Alfred Cort Haddon, Sc.D., FRS, FRGS FRAI (24 May 1855 – 20 April 1940) was an influential British anthropologist and ethnologist.
Initially a biologist, who achieved his most notable fieldwork, with W. H. R. Rivers, Charles Gabriel Seligman and Sidney Ray on the Torres Strait Islands. He returned to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he had been an undergraduate, and effectively founded the School of Anthropology. Haddon was a major influence on the work of the American ethnologist Caroline Furness Jayne.

In 2011, Haddon's 1898 The Recordings of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits were added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry. The original recordings are housed at the British Library and many have been made available online.
Sujate Jantarang
Dr. Sujate Jantarang is the President of Mahanakorn University of Technology in Thailand. He succeeded Professor Sitthichai Pookaiyaudom to become president. Prior to his current position, he was an associate professor in the department of computer engineering at Mahanakorn University of Technology.

He attended public school, graduating from Suankularb Wittayalai School. He entered King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) where he received his B.Eng., M.Eng., and D.Eng. degrees in Electronics and Computer Engineering. His research in electronic circuits and systems and key inventions have made significant contributions to the betterment of Thai society. Among his major inventions are a prototype taxi meter nowadays found in Bangkok cabs, THAI-PHAT earth-mapping satellite launched by a Russian rocket, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Dr. Jantarang received Thailand's Young Scientist Award in 1994 for his research achievements.

Mahanakorn University of Technology
Mahanakorn University of Technology (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร, short MUT) is a university in Thailand. The university was established on February 27, 1990 at Nong Chok District, Bangkok. as Mahanakorn College by Prof. Dr. Sitthichai Pookaiyaudom, former Dean of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang. The objective was to train engineering students in response to the severe shortage of engineers. MUT was then promoted to full university status under the new name Mahanakorn University of Technology. It is the first and still the only university in the country that operates its own low-orbit microsatellite (TMSAT).
Aromatic-amino-acid transaminase
In enzymology, an aromatic-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate  an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic amino acid and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are aromatic oxo acid and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is aromatic-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include aromatic amino acid aminotransferase, aromatic aminotransferase, and ArAT.  This enzyme participates in 6 metabolic pathways: methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, novobiocin biosynthesis, and alkaloid biosynthesis i.  It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.
Hundred of Stokes
The Hundred of Stokes is a hundred in the County of Flinders, South Australia. It was proclaimed on 21 November 1878. The name is derived from Francis William Stokes, a member of the South Australian Parliament. Its extent includes the entirety of Cockaleechie in the northwest, part of Ungarra in the northeast, part of Tumby Bay in the southeast and the northern end of Yallunda Flat in the southwest.

The traditional owners of the land within the hundred are the Nauo peoples.

Cockaleechie, South Australia
Cockaleechie is a locality on Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.

It was served by a siding on the Eyre Peninsula Railway, but as it has no bulk silos, has not been used for some time. The town was named for the railway station, which in turn was named for the Cockaleechie Run pastoral lease held by James Anderson since 1860. Anderson was Scottish, and the run was probably named as a variant of cockaleekie, a Scottish soup of cock boiled with leeks. The siding opened in December 1913.

Famous Australian former tennis player John Fitzgerald was born and schooled in the nearby town of Cummins but was raised in Cockaleechie which is where he gets his nickname: the Cockaleechie Kid.
1983 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1983 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 89th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.

Ballyhale Shamrocks were the defending champions.

On 9 October 1983, Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship after a 2–14 to 1–08 defeat of James Stephens in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their second title in succession.

1982 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1982 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 88th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.

James Stephens were the defending champions.

Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship after a 3–10 to 2–04 defeat of James Stephens in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.
The Iron Oath
The Iron Oath is a 2023 tactical role-playing video game developed by Curious Panda Games and published by Humble Games.  Players manage a mercenary company, complete quests, engage in turn-based combat, and can optionally follow a revenge-themed main story.  It entered early access in 2022 and is available for Windows and macOS.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Mottramite
Mottramite is an orthorhombic anhydrous vanadate hydroxide mineral, PbCu(VO4)(OH), at the copper end of the descloizite subgroup.  It was formerly called cuprodescloizite or psittacinite (this mineral characterized in 1868 by Frederick Augustus Genth).  Duhamelite is a calcium- and bismuth-bearing variety of mottramite, typically with acicular habit.

Mottramite is a member of the adelite-descloizite group.  
Mottramite, which is a copper rich member, forms a series with descloizite, which is a zinc rich member.  These two minerals usually contain significant percentages of both copper and zinc and are seldom pure.  Mottramite also forms a series with duftite.

It was discovered in 1876 and named for the locality, Mottram St Andrew, Cheshire, England, where ore was stockpiled, although it was probably mined from Pim Hill Mine, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

Adelite
The rare mineral adelite, is a calcium, magnesium, arsenate with chemical formula CaMgAsO4OH. It forms a solid solution series with the vanadium-bearing mineral gottlobite. Various transition metals substitute for magnesium and lead replaces calcium leading to a variety of similar minerals in the adelite–duftite group.

Adelite forms variably colored (blue, green, yellow and grey) crystals in the orthorhombic crystal system. The form is typically massive. It has a Mohs hardness rating of 5 and a specific gravity of 3.73 to 3.79.

It was first described in 1891 from Värmland, Sweden. Its name comes from the Greek word for indistinct.
Thomas Shadrach James
Thomas Shadrach James (1 September 1859 – 9 January 1946), born Thomas Shadrach Peersahib, was a Methodist lay preacher, linguist and herbalist. However, it was as a teacher, first at Maloga Aboriginal Mission and later at Cummeragunja Reserve, that he is remembered in history. Through this role, he equipped and influenced generations of Aboriginal Australian activists, including Margaret Tucker, Pastor Doug Nicholls, George Patten, Jack Patten, William Cooper and Bill Onus.

Jack Patten
John Thomas Patten (27 March 1905 – 12 October 1957) was an Aboriginal Australian civil rights activist and journalist. He was a co-founder of the Aborigines Progressive Association and led some of the first organised Aboriginal protests, including the Day of Mourning in 1938 and the Cummeragunja walk-off of 1939. He was also the founding editor of the short-lived Australian Abo Call, the first newspaper specifically for Aboriginal Australians.
Lethal allele
Lethal alleles also known as lethals, are alleles that cause the death of the organism that carries them. They are usually a result of mutations in genes that are essential for growth or development. Lethal alleles can be recessive, dominant, conditional, perinatal, or postnatal after an extended period of apparently normal development depending on the gene or genes involved.

Lethal alleles may specifically refer to embryonically lethal alleles, in which the fetus will never survive to term. Such alleles are a cause of non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance, such as the observation of traits in a 2:1 ratio.

Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Augustinian Friar, the Right Rev. Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson. Its defining characteristic is heavy association with a singular gene. The principles were initially controversial. When Mendel's theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics. Ronald Fisher combined these ideas with the theory of natural selection in his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, putting evolution onto a mathematical footing and forming the basis for population genetics within the modern evolutionary synthesis.
Fidel Ortiz
Fidel Ortiz Tovar, also known as Fidelón (10 October 1908 – 9 September 1975) was a Mexican boxer who represented his country in the 1928 and 1936 Summer Olympics. In the later competition, he defeated Swedish pugilist Stig Cederberg to win the bronze medal in the Bantamweight class.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Tomb of Nur Jahan
The Tomb of Nur Jahan (Urdu: مقبرۂ نورجہاں) is a 17th-century mausoleum in Lahore, Pakistan, that was built for the Mughal empress Nur Jahan. The tomb's marble was plundered during the Sikh Empire era in the 18th century for use at the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The red sandstone mausoleum, along with the nearby tomb of Jahangir, tomb of Asif Khan, and Akbari Sarai, forms part of an ensemble of Mughal monuments in Lahore's Shahdara Bagh.

Karachi–Peshawar Line
Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line (Urdu: کراچی–پشاور مرکزی ریل راستہ, romanized: karāčī-pešāvar markazī rēl rāsta) (also referred to as Main Line 1 or ML-1) is one of four main railway lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The 1,687 kilometers (1,048 mi) long line starts at Kiamari station, Sindh, and ends at Peshawar Cantonment Station in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The railway is dual tracked between Keamari and Shahdara Bagh, and Chaklala and Golra Sharif. With 173 railway stations, the line serves as the country's main passenger and freight line, 75% of the country's cargo and passenger traffic passing through yearly.

In 2016, funding for a six-year, US$6.8 billion upgrade and renovation project was agreed as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, with the average speed to be doubled to 140 kilometers per hour upon completion. The project has been delayed several times since then.
Flushing High School (Michigan)
Flushing High School is a four-year public high school in Flushing, Michigan, U.S.A. It is operated by Flushing Community Schools.

Its sports teams are known as the Raiders. Colors: Orange and Black. The principal is Kevin Foltz. Its newspaper is titled The Blazer and its yearbook is titled Perannos.

Flushing Community Schools
Flushing Community Schools is a school district in Genesee County, Michigan. It is a part of the Genesee Intermediate School District and serves the city of Flushing and portions of Flushing Township, Clayton Township, Flint Township, and Mount Morris Township.
International Numismata Orientalia
The International Numismata Orientalia  was an important series of publications relating to numismatics of the Middle East and South Asia, with articles contributed by specialist numismatists, published by Messrs Trübner & Co., London, in the late nineteenth century.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
J. Robert Hunter
J. Robert Hunter (born November 20, 1936) is an American consulting actuary and consumer advocate who serves as the director of insurance for the nonprofit Consumer Federation of America (CFA) since 1995. He was the insurance commissioner of the state of Texas from October 1993 to December 1994 and a federal insurance administrator from 1976 to 1980. John Robert Hunter, Jr. was born on November 20, 1936, in New Orleans. His father was a marine insurance adjuster. He went to Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, and earned his Bachelor of Science in physics in 1958.  He is married to Carole A. Means since 1976. They raised three children; Laura Jeanne, James Douglas, and John Robert, III .

Insurance commissioner
An insurance commissioner (or commissioner of insurance) is a public official in the executive branch of a state or territory in the United States who, along with their office, regulate the insurance industry. The powers granted to the office of an insurance commissioner differ in each state. The office of an insurance commissioner is established either by the state constitution or by statute. While most insurance commissioners are appointed, in some jurisdictions they are elected. The office of the insurance commissioner may be part of a larger regulatory agency, or an autonomous department.

Insurance law and regulation is established individually by each state. In order to better coordinate insurance regulation among the states and territories, insurance commissioners are members of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).
Jalalabad, Semirom
Jalalabad (Persian: جلال اباد, also Romanized as Jalālābād; also known as Jalālābād-e Dowlatqarin) is a village in Vardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124, in 29 families.

Vardasht Rural District
Vardasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان وردشت) is in Vardasht District of Semirom County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Varaq. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Fathabad.
Rozengracht
The Rozengracht is a street in the Jordaan neighbourhood of Amsterdam. 
It runs between the Prinsengracht at the Westermarkt and the Singelgracht canal at De Clercqstraat.
The name means "Rose canal".

The Rozengracht is one of the six former canals in the Jordaan. 
The reasons for filling in the 17th-century canal in 1890 were poor hygiene from polluted water, and the need for a broad exit road to the new neighborhoods west of the Singel canal.
De Clercqstraat was built in 1895 as a westward extension of the Rozengracht. To the east, in the direction of the Dam, the street continues into Raadhuisstraat.

Raadhuisstraat
Raadhuisstraat is a street in Downtown Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. It is located between Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal and Prinsengracht. The street is named after the former City Hall or Town Hall, now the Royal Palace and it contains the gallery. It is the main thoroughfare into Old Centre.

Raadhuisstraat was built in 1895. Streets off of Raadhuisstraat are named after the many tanneries that used to be in the area. The street is noted for its shopping, a shopping area called the "Nine Streets," where vendors sell goods varying from handmade chocolates, high end personal goods and home decorum. A tramline was later introduced.
Ghanaians
Ghanaians are a nation originating in the Ghanaian Gold Coast. Ghanaians predominantly inhabit the Republic of Ghana and are the predominant cultural group and residents of Ghana, numbering 34 million people as of 2024, making up 85% of the population. The word "Ghana" means "warrior king". An estimated diaspora population of 4 million people worldwide are of Ghanaian descent. The term ethnic Ghanaian may also be used in some contexts to refer to a group of related ethnic groups native to the Gold Coast.

Ghanaian nationality law
Ghanaian nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Ghana, as amended; the Ghana Citizenship Act, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Ghana. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. Ghanaian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, born to parents with Ghanaian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
Kinley (brand)
Kinley is a brand of still or carbonated water owned by The Coca-Cola Company and sold in many large European and Asian countries. Its carbonated forms are used for mixers, and also available in a variety of fruit flavors.

The Kinley brand is used by Coca-Cola for two types of drinks:

Packaged water

A carbonated water with a wide array of variants: tonic, bitter lemon, ginger ale, club soda and fruit flavored. Available in Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Moldova, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and Zambia.

Kinley Lemon was one of eight international soda flavors featured and available for tasting at Club Cool in Epcot, but was retired in October 2013.

Drink mixer
Drink mixers are the non-alcoholic ingredients in mixed drinks and cocktails. Mixers dilute the drink, lowering the alcohol by volume in the drink. They change, enhance, or add new flavors to a drink. They may make the drink sweeter, more sour, or more savory. Some mixers change the texture or consistency of the drink, making it thicker or more watery. Drink mixers may also be used strictly for decorative purposes by changing the color or appearance of the drink. They also simply increase the volume of a drink, to make it last longer.