hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Precision viticulture
Precision viticulture is precision farming applied to optimize vineyard performance, in particular maximizing grape yield and quality while minimizing environmental impacts and risk.  This is accomplished by measuring local variation in factors that influence grape yield and quality (soil, topography, microclimate, vine health, etc.) and applying appropriate viticulture management practices (trellis design, pruning, fertilizer application, irrigation, timing of harvest, etc.).  Precision viticulture is based on the premise that high in-field variability for factors that affect vine growth and grape ripening warrants intensive management customized according to local conditions.  Precision viticulture depends on new and emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), meteorologic and other environmental sensors, satellite and airborne remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess and respond to variability.

Harvest (wine)
The harvesting of wine grapes (vintage) is one of the most crucial steps in the process of wine-making. The time of harvest is determined primarily by the ripeness of the grape as measured by sugar, acid and tannin levels with winemakers basing their decision to pick based on the style of wine they wish to produce. The weather can also shape the timetable of harvesting with the threat of heat, rain, hail, and frost which can damage the grapes and bring about various vine diseases. In addition to determining the time of the harvest, winemakers and vineyard owners must also determine whether to use hand pickers or mechanical harvesters. The harvest season typically falls between August & October in the Northern Hemisphere and February & April in the Southern Hemisphere. With various climate conditions, grape varieties, and wine styles the harvesting of grapes could happen in every month of the calendar year somewhere in the world. In the New World it is often referred to as the crush.
Agnorhiza
Agnorhiza is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus in 1998. Its species had previously been considered members of either Wyethia or  Balsamorhiza. The plants are native to California, with the range of one species (A. ovata) extending into northern Mexico. They are perennial herbs with sunflower-like flower heads 1 to 4 centimeters wide.

Species

Agnorhiza bolanderi - Bolander's mule's ears

Agnorhiza elata - Hall's mule's ears

Agnorhiza invenusta - Coville's mule's ears

Agnorhiza ovata - southern mule's ears

Agnorhiza reticulata - El Dorado mule's ears

Agnorhiza elata
Agnorhiza elata (syn. Wyethia elata) is a species of flowering plants known by the common name Hall's mule's ears. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a section of the central Sierra Nevada foothills. It occurs primarily in a region stretching from Tuolumne County to Fresno County, but a few isolated populations have been found in Tulare County.
Venus Wars
The Venus Wars (Japanese: ヴイナス戦記, Hepburn: Vinasu Senki) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko. It was serialized in the Gakken magazine Nora Comics from 1986 to 1990. In 1989, The Venus Wars was adapted into an anime film directed by Yasuhiko, co-written by Yuichi Sasamoto and Yasuhiko, and produced by Bandai Visual, Gakken, and Shochiku.

Gakken
Gakken Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社学研ホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha Gakken Hōrudingusu) is a Japanese publishing company founded in 1947 by Hideto Furuoka, which also produces educational toys. Their annual sales are reported at ¥ 90 billion ($789 million US).

Gakken publishes educational books and magazines and produces other education-related products. For nursery school age children and their caretakers, they produce items such as child care and nursing guides.  For school children, they publish text books, encyclopedias, and science books. Gakken also publishes educational magazines for high school students, as well as school guides for all levels.  Gakken also provides products for playrooms, study rooms, computer rooms and science rooms.

Gakken also publishes general family-oriented and gender-oriented magazines in sports, music, art, history, animation, cooking, and puzzles.
Tarzan and the Amazons
Tarzan and the Amazons a 1945 American adventure film starring Johnny Weissmuller in his ninth outing as Tarzan. Brenda Joyce plays Jane, in the first of her five appearances in the role, and Johnny Sheffield makes his sixth appearance as Boy. Henry Stephenson and Maria Ouspenskaya co-star.

The film was produced by Sol Lesser and Kurt Neumann, written by John Jacoby and Marjorie L. Pfaelzer (based on characters created by Edgar Rice Burroughs) and directed by Kurt Neumann.  It was released on April 29, 1945.

Kurt Neumann (director)
Kurt Neumann (5 April 1908 – 21 August 1958) was a German film director, screenwriter, and producer who spent much of his career in the United States. He was a prolific director of genre films from the 1930s through the 1950s, totaling over 60 feature film credits during that time. He was the principal director of the Tarzan films for many years, and specialized in science fiction films in his later career.
Freewar
Freewar /ˈfriːwɔːr/ (short FW) is a browser-based massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Intercycloon, a German software development team. Since 2003, its development has been led by the initiator of the "hobby" project, Jirko Cernik. In total there are 14 to 17 different servers and more than 100,000 registered accounts. Freewar is one of the most popular German browser-based games. The game is set in a medieval fantasy world. It is similar to Darkfleet, which is set in the same universe but occurs 10,000 years later. The game is available in two languages, German and English.

Non-player character
A non-player character  (NPC) is a character in a game that is not controlled by a player. The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster, or referee, rather than by another player. In video games, this usually means a computer-controlled character that has a predetermined set of behaviors that potentially will impact gameplay, but will not necessarily be the product of true artificial intelligence.
Al-Jafr, Saudi Arabia
Al-Jafr (also spelled Al-Jafer or Al-Jafar) ( Arabic = الجفر ) is a village in Al-Ahsa in Saudi Arabia. It is located about 10 km from Al-Hofuf and one of the eastern villages of Al-Ahsa. Unlike nearby villages Al-Jafr has some government offices like Al-Jafr police station and Al-Jafr General Hospital.

Hofuf
Al-Hofuf   (Arabic: ٱلْهُفُوف al-Hufūf, also spelled Hofuf or Hufuf, also known as "Al-Hasa", "Al-Ahsa" or "Al-Hassa") is the major urban city in the Al-Ahsa Governorate in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with a population of  729,606 (as of 2022). It is known for being one of the largest date producing areas in the world, and for its old markets and palaces.
Logistic Regiment "Sassari"
The Logistic Regiment "Sassari" (Italian: Reggimento Logistico "Sassari") is a military logistics regiment of the Italian Army based in Cagliari in Sardinia. The regiment is the logistic unit of the Mechanized Brigade "Sassari" and was assigned the flag of the Logistic Battalion "Cremona", which was stationed in Sardinia during the World War II. The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Motorized Brigade "Cremona"
The Motorized Brigade "Cremona" was an infantry brigade of the Italian Army. The brigade's headquarters was in the city of Turin. The brigade carried on the name and traditions of the 44th Infantry Division "Cremona".
Sarnia—Lambton (provincial electoral district)
Sarnia—Lambton is a provincial electoral district in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The riding was created in 1999 from Sarnia and from part of Lambton when ridings in Ontario were redrawn to match federal ridings.

From 1999 to 2007, the riding consisted of the municipalities of Sarnia, Point Edward, St. Clair and Sarnia 45. For the 2007 election, it gained the municipalities of Petrolia, Plympton-Wyoming, Oil Springs and Enniskillen.

Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong
Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong (formerly known as Sarnia—Lambton) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.
It is located in the area of the city of Sarnia, in the southwest corner of the province of Ontario.

Until 2015, Sarnia—Lambton, with its predecessors Sarnia, and Lambton West, was Canada's most bellwetherly riding, having voted for the winning party from 1963 to 2011.

Under the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution the riding was renamed Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong.
Dicentric chromosome
A dicentric chromosome is an abnormal chromosome with two centromeres. It is formed through the fusion of two chromosome segments, each with a centromere, resulting in the loss of acentric fragments (lacking a centromere) and the formation of dicentric fragments. The formation of dicentric chromosomes has been attributed to genetic processes, such as Robertsonian translocation and paracentric inversion. Dicentric chromosomes have important roles in the mitotic stability of chromosomes and the formation of pseudodicentric chromosomes. Their existence has been linked to certain natural phenomena such as irradiation and have been documented to underlie certain clinical syndromes, notably Kabuki syndrome. The formation of dicentric chromosomes and their implications on centromere function are studied in certain clinical cytogenetics laboratories.

Telomere
A telomere (/ˈtɛləmɪər, ˈtiːlə-/;  from Ancient Greek  τέλος (télos) 'end' and  μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most or even all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
Four Bettys
Four Bettys is the barbershop quartet that won the Sweet Adelines International Quartet Championship for 2008 in October 2007, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.  SAI, "one of the world's largest singing organizations for women", has members over five continents who belong to more than 1200 quartets. The Illinois Arts Council has included Four Bettys in its ArtsTour roster and notes "their numerous appearances singing the National Anthem at Wrigley Field for Cubs games".

Sweet Adelines International
Sweet Adelines International is a worldwide organization of women singers, established in 1945, committed to advancing the musical art form of barbershop harmony through education and performances. This independent, nonprofit music education association is one of the world's largest singing organizations for women.  "Harmonize the World" is the organization's motto. It has a current membership of 23,000 and holds an annual international singing competition.
Nadezhda Udaltsova
Nadezhda Andreevna Udaltsova (née Prudkovskaia; Russian: Наде́жда Андре́евна Удальцо́ва, 29 December 1885 – 25 January 1961) was a Russian and Soviet artist, painter and teacher. A member of the Russian avant-garde, Udaltsova was a representative of the Cubist, Cubo-Futurism and Suprematist art movements.

Constructivism (art)
Constructivism is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favour of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism, the Bolsheviks, and the Russian avant-garde.

Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music.
David Abarbanel Lindo
David Lindo (1772–1852) was an English Sephardi communal worker and elder of Bevis Marks Synagogue.

He was born in London on 14 August 1772 to Elias Lindo (1740–1785), a Royal Exchange broker, and Grace Lumbroso de Mattos, the daughter of Moses Lumbroso de Mattos (1700–1759).

Lindo had at least eighteen children, including the lexicographer Abigail Lindo, many of whom married into well established Sephardi families. He was an uncle of Benjamin Disraeli and he carried out Disraeli's circumcision in 1804. He was an uncle by marriage of Moses Montefiore.

Lindo, who opposed the founders of the Reform movement in London, was warden of Bevis Marks Synagogue several times between 1809 and 1838.

He died in London on 26 February 1852 and was buried on 27 February at the Novo Cemetery in  Mile End, London. His remains, along with those of about 7500 other Jews buried there, were removed in 1974 and re-interred at Brentwood Jewish Cemetery, Essex.

Gabbai
A gabbai (Hebrew: גבאי), sometimes spelled gabay, also known as shamash (שמש, sometimes transcribed shamas) or warden (UK, similar to churchwarden), is a beadle or sexton, a person who assists in the running of synagogue services in some way. The role may be undertaken on a voluntary or paid basis. A shamash (literally 'servant') or gabbai can also mean an assistant to a rabbi (particularly the secretary or personal assistant to a Hasidic rebbe).

In ma'amad, the Council of Elders (or "the board of directors") of the communities of Sephardi Jews, the position of gabbai was that of the treasurer.
Comarques of Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia is traditionally divided into five historical comarques (counties). These counties formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until the territory was incorporated into France following the Treaty of the Pyrenees, with Cerdanya county split between Spain and France. After the French Revolution, the current department of Pyrénées-Orientales was created, comprising the Northern Catalan counties along with part of the Occitan parçan of Fenouillèdes (Fenolhedés).

Although this subdivision finds widespread use in Catalan culture and linguistics, as well as in Catalan-language works and sources in general, it has no administrative status (unlike in Southern Catalonia, where counties are fully official and administrative), as the French state officially subdivides the department into three arrondissements and 31 cantons.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.
Anchor Point, Newfoundland and Labrador
Anchor Point (2021 Population 305) is a town located in St. Barbe Bay, south of Flower's Cove on the west side of the Great Northern Peninsula, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It was the first English settlement on what is called the 'French Shore' of Newfoundland.

Trapping
Animal trapping, or simply trapping or ginning, is the use of a device to remotely catch and often kill an animal. Animals may be trapped for a variety of purposes, including for meat, fur/feathers, sport hunting, pest control, and wildlife management.

Among trapping methods, some are considered relatively humane while others are seen as excessively cruel. Laws in the European Union and many U.S. states ban inhumane traps such as foothold traps, and instead promote body-grip traps, which kill animals quickly and are therefore regarded as more humane. All traps, whether for capture or killing, must be checked at least every 24 hours, and humane guidelines recommend more frequent checks and, where possible, the use of monitoring devices that alert when a trap is triggered. Because improper trapping can cause severe animal suffering and pose risks to pets, wildlife, and humans, specialized certification programs train professionals in humane and safe pest management.
Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark SCL) was a Class I railroad company operating in the Southeastern United States beginning in 1967. Its passenger operations were taken over by Amtrak in 1971. Eventually, the railroad was merged with its affiliate lines to create the Seaboard System in 1983.

At the end of 1970, SCL operated 9,230 miles of railroad, not including A&WP-Clinchfield-CN&L-GM-Georgia-L&N-Carrollton; that year it reported 31,293 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 512 million passenger-miles.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Jovana Joksimović
Jovana Joksimović (née Janković; Serbian Cyrillic: Јована Јоксимовић, née Јанковић; born 25 April 1981) is a Serbian television presenter, best known for hosting the morning TV show Jutarnji program. In May 2008, together with her, at that time soon to be, husband Željko Joksimović, she was the host of the 53rd edition of Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade. She now hosts UranaK1 on K1 TV.

Pink (Serbia)
Pink is a private-owned national brand of radio stations and TV channels in Serbia. It is the flagship brand of the Belgrade-based Pink Media Group, which is owned by Miroslav Perišić and Željko Mitrović.
Oregon's 55th House district
District 55 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district contains rural parts of Deschutes and Klamath counties and includes Crater Lake and Crater Lake National Park. The current representative for the district is Republican E. Werner Reschke of Klamath Falls.

Deschutes County, Oregon
Deschutes County (/dəˈʃuːts/ də-SHOOTS) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 198,253. The county seat is Bend. The county was created in 1916 out of part of Crook County and was named for the Deschutes River, which itself was named by French-Canadian trappers of the early 19th century. It is the political and economic hub of Central Oregon. Deschutes comprises the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area and media market. Deschutes is Oregon's fastest-growing and most recently formed county.
Littoral South Asia
Littoral South Asia or Maritime South Asia is the region of the Indian subcontinent which borders the Indian Ocean. It includes the South Asian republics of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, as well as the South Asian island countries of the Maldives and Sri Lanka. It is contested between China and India as a part of what is sometimes referred to as an alleged "String of Pearls" strategy by China to contain India. This has resulted in an increasing maritime collaboration between the United States and India.

The effects of climate change, such as flooding, are also expected to cause hundreds of millions of dollars of damage per year to coastal cities and potentially create tens of millions of climate migrants.

Insular South Asia
Insular South Asia is an ill-defined region, consisting at a minimum of all islands in the Southern region of Asia below the mainland Indian subcontinent, principally Sri Lanka, the Maldives and the Laccadives. Other sources also apply the term to Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Malay Archipelago (encompassing the Southeast Asian countries — Brunei, Indonesia, East Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and East Timor).

It was an important region during the initial European colonisation of South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Coolea Cheese
Coolea is a type of cow's milk cheese that consists of a smooth, Gouda-like texture with rich, sweet, caramelly flavours. Like Gouda, Coolea cheese is covered in a thick, solid wax rind which contributes to the cheese's flavour and texture.

Since the late 1970s, Coolea has been made from an old Dutch Gouda recipe by the Willems family in the Coolea area of County Cork in Ireland. It has won a number of awards both nationally and internationally.

Gouda cheese
Gouda cheese (/ˈɡaʊdə/ ⓘ, US also /ˈɡuːdə/ ⓘ; Dutch: [ˈɣʌudaː] ⓘ; Dutch: Goudse kaas, "cheese from Gouda") is a creamy, yellow cow's milk cheese originating from the Netherlands. It is one of the most popular and produced cheeses worldwide. The name is used today as a general term for numerous similar cheeses produced in the traditional Dutch manner.
INS Kattabomman
INS Kattabomman is the designation of the VLF-transmission facility of the Indian Navy situated at Vijayanarayanam near Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu. The facility spread over 3,000 acres has 13 masts, which are arranged in two rings around the central mast. The centre mast has a height of 301 metres, the masts on the inner ring measure 276.4 metres, that on the outer ring measure 227.4 metres. The facility broadcasts at frequencies of 16.3 kHz, 17.0 kHz, 18.2 kHz, and 19.2 kHz.

Two further masts of the station carrying an umbrella antenna, the INS Kattabomman is 471 metres tall and the tallest structure in India. They are also the tallest military structure in the world. The facility opened an ELF transmission facility in 2014.

Nuclear Command Authority (India)
The Nuclear Command Authority (NCA) of India is the authority responsible for command, control and operational decisions regarding India's nuclear weapons programme. It comprises a Political Council headed by the Prime Minister of India and an Executive Council headed by the National Security Advisor.