hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thianitara
Thianitara is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. As of August 2019 it contains only two species, found in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia: T. spectrum and T. thailandica. It was briefly considered a junior synonym of Thiania until 2017, when it was revived by Jerzy Prószyński.

Prószyński placed Thianitara in his informal group "euophryines". When synonymized with Thiania, it was placed in the large tribe Euophryini, part of the Salticoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae in Maddison's 2015 classification of the family Salticidae.

Salticoida
Salticoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the larger and more widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders (subfamily Salticinae), occurring effectively world-wide. Its sister clade is Amycoida, which is also very diverse ecologically but has a mostly South American distribution.
Govindbhai Shroff
Govinddas Mannulal Shroff (1911–2002), was an Indian freedom fighter who led people of Marathwada region in a fight against the Nizam of Hyderabad during the Hyderabad Campaign of 1948.  As a result, the Marathwada region was liberated from the Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948.

Shroff served as the longest serving secretary and president of the Saraswati Bhuvan Education Society. He was awarded the second highest civilian award of India the Padma Vibhushan in 1992 for his work in the field of literature and education.

Later in 1966, people responded to the call of Shroff by taking part in hunger strikes, morchas, rail rokos, bandhs and other form of protests to press for a broad gauge train routes.

Marathwada
Marathwada (Marathi pronunciation: [məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa]) is a geographical region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was formed during the Nizam's rule and was part of the then Hyderabad State. The region coincides with the Aurangabad division of Maharashtra. It borders the states of Karnataka and Telangana, and it lies to the west of the Vidarbha and east of Uttar Maharashtra regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is Aurangabad. Its people speak Marathi and Deccani Urdu (Hyderabadi Urdu).

Marathwada is known for its struggle for the integration into India , which is commemorated on 17 September as Marathwada Liberation Day.
Indian Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
The Indian Institute of Aeronautical Engineering is a college of engineering at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, northern India.

It was founded in 1992 at 15/1, Kalidas Road, Dehradun. In 1995 it moved to 179 Kalidas Road, and in 2006 relocated near Jolly Grant Airport. The site has class rooms and hostels with all aircraft training facilities.

The institute was founded by Mr. Mahendra Kumar, a Chartered Engineer and life member of bodies including the Institution of Engineers (India), Aeronautical Society of India and Indian Institution of Industrial Engineering. His personal awards include the Glory of India Award. He is the Institute's Managing Director.

Indian Institute of Aeronautical Engineering trains its students by way of theoretical classes and practical training. The qualifications it offers include three-year and four-year Bachelor of Engineering degree courses; the first two years are taken on site, and the remainder at Perth College UHI in the United Kingdom.

Dehradun Airport
Dehradun Airport (IATA: DED, ICAO: VIDN), also known as Jolly Grant Airport, is a domestic airport serving Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand, India. It is located in Jauligrant, 25 km (16 mi) south of the city, 20 km (12 mi) from Rishikesh and 35 km (22 mi) from Haridwar. Commercial operations began on 30 March 2008, after the runway was extended to accommodate larger aircraft. A new terminal building was inaugurated in February 2009. The current passenger terminal was inaugurated in October 2021. The airport is the 32nd-busiest airport in India, with over 1.5 million annual passengers.

It is also known as the Air Gateway of Garhwal and plays an important role in the tourism of Uttarakhand.
ISO 3166-2:IL
ISO 3166-2:IL is the entry for Israel in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Israel, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for six districts.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is IL, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Israel. The second part is one or two letters. The code for Yerushalayim (IL-JM) is assigned based on its English name, Jerusalem.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
2014 Franken Challenge
The 2014 Franken Challenge was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 27th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Fürth, Germany between 2 and 8 June 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Iridictyon trebbaui
Iridictyon trebbaui is a species of broad-winged damselfly in the family Calopterygidae. It is found only on the tepuis of Venezuela and Guyana at elevations of 300–1,300 m (980–4,270 ft) above sea level.

Iridictyon trebbaui has a restricted range and is only known from a few locations. However, its range is protected by a number of protected areas (e.g., Canaima National Park) and there are no threats to its habitat.

Calopterygidae
Calopterygidae is a family of damselflies, in the suborder Zygoptera.
They are commonly known as the broad-winged damselflies, demoiselles, or jewelwings. These rather large damselflies have wingspans of 50–80 mm (compared to about 44 mm in the common bluetail damselfly, Ischnura elegans), are often metallic-coloured, and can be differentiated from other damselflies by the broader connection between the wings and the body, as opposed to the abrupt narrowing seen in other damselfly families. The family contains some 150 species.

The Calopterygidae are found on every continent except Antarctica. They live along rivers and streams.
Israel Mathematical Union
The Israel Mathematical Union (IMU) (Hebrew: הַאִיגּוּד הַיִשְׂרְאֵלִי לְמָתֶמָטִיקָה) is an association of professional mathematicians in Israel. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society and the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and has reciprocity membership agreements with the American Mathematical Society and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

The Union was founded on 2 March 1953 and held its first meeting with eleven short lectures on 28 September of that year. Early members included Binyamin Amirà, Michael Fekete, and Abraham Fraenkel, who represented the Union at the 1954 International Congress of Mathematicians in Amsterdam, as well as Shmuel Agmon, Jacob Levitzki, and Dov Jarden.

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.

SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.
Algebraically compact group
In mathematics, in the realm of abelian group theory, a group is said to be algebraically compact if it is a direct summand of every abelian group containing it as a pure subgroup.

Equivalent characterizations of algebraic compactness:

The reduced part of the group is Hausdorff and complete in the  adic topology.

The group is pure injective, that is, injective with respect to exact sequences where the embedding is as a pure subgroup.

Relations with other properties:

A torsion-free group is cotorsion if and only if it is algebraically compact.

Every injective group is algebraically compact.

Ulm factors of cotorsion groups are algebraically compact.

Height (abelian group)
In mathematics, the height of an element g of an abelian group A is an invariant that captures its divisibility properties: it is the largest natural number N such that the equation Nx = g has a solution x ∈ A, or the symbol ∞ if there is no such N. The  p-height considers only divisibility properties by the powers of a fixed prime number p. The notion of height admits a refinement so that the p-height becomes an ordinal number. Height plays an important role in Prüfer theorems and also in Ulm's theorem, which describes the classification of certain infinite abelian groups in terms of their Ulm factors or Ulm invariants.
Nuihau Laurey
Nuihau Laurey (born 29 December 1964) is a French Polynesian politician and former Cabinet Minister. He was vice-president of French Polynesia from 2014–2017 and one of the two senators for French Polynesia from 2015 to 2020. He was acting president of French Polynesia in 2014 between Gaston Flosse and Édouard Fritch's presidencies.

Vice-President of French Polynesia
Vice-President of French Polynesia (French: Vice-présidente de la Polynésie française; Tahitian: Mono-Peretiteni no te Porinetia farani) is a senior governmental position in French Polynesia. The office holder is appointed by the President of French Polynesia. Before the establishment of executive presidential office, in 1977 the office of vice president of the government council was established. The officeholders were Francis Sanford June 1977 - June 1982, and Gaston Flosse June 1982 - September 1984.
Keith A. Crandall
Keith A. Crandall is an American computational biologist, bioinformaticist, and population geneticist at George Washington University, where he is the founding director of the Computational Biology Institute, and professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics.

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation is an American philanthropic nonprofit organization. It was established in 1934 by Alfred P. Sloan Jr., president and chief executive officer of General Motors.

The Sloan Foundation makes grants to support original research and broad-based education related to science, technology, and economics. The foundation is an independent entity and has no formal relationship with General Motors. As of 2024, the Sloan Foundation's assets totaled $2.2 billion.
Rufus Meadows
Rufus Rivers Meadows (August 25, 1907 – May 10, 1970) was a left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds in 1926. He appeared in just one game, an 18-1 loss to the Chicago Cubs. Meadows faced the Cubs' final batter of the game, inducing an out to finish off the blowout loss by his Reds. He is the only pitcher to face only one batter in his only MLB game.

Meadows was only 18 when he had his brief moment as a major leaguer, and he was the second-youngest player to play in the National League that season, trailing only future Hall of Famer Mel Ott.

Meadows died May 10, 1970, in Wichita, Kansas.

Mel Ott
Melvin Thomas Ott (March 2, 1909 – November 21, 1958), nicknamed "Master Melvin", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Giants, from 1926 through 1947.

He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Though unusually slight in stature for a power hitter, at 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m), 170 pounds (77 kg), Ott led the National League in home runs a then-record six times. He was an All-Star for 11 consecutive seasons, and was the first National League player to surpass 500 career home runs.

Ott was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1951.
Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage
The Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage (中国三十三観音霊場, Chūgoku Sanjūsan Kannon Reijō) is one of a number of traditional Buddhist pilgrimage routes in Japan. The route includes 33 sites sacred to the boddhisattva Kannon, across the Chūgoku region (Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane and Tottori prefectures). The 33 Kannon were selected in 1981.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Shepherd Building Group
Shepherd Building Group Ltd is a family owned business, based in York, that manufactures, leases and sells modular buildings in the UK and Europe. Its brands include Portakabin and Portaloo.

The company was one of the largest privately owned building contractors in the UK, but sold that business to Wates Group in 2015.

Facility management
Facility management (also facilities management, FM) is the coordinated management of an organization's buildings, sites and workplaces, and the support services needed to keep them functional, safe and effective for occupants and operations.

The scope of facilities management varies by organization and sector, but commonly includes building operations and maintenance (for example mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems), space and workplace planning, and workplace services such as cleaning, security and catering.

International standards for facilities management include the ISO 41000 series, such as ISO 41001 (a management system standard for facility management) and ISO 41011 (which defines key terminology).  ISO 41001:2018 specifies requirements for a facility management management system.
1980 Gulf States Tennis Classic
The 1980 Gulf States Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the New Orleans Municipal Auditorium in New Orleans, Louisiana in the United States that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the third and last edition of the tournament and was held from March 31 through April 6, 1980. Second-seeded Wojciech Fibak won the singles title and earned $15,000 first-prize money.

1980 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1980 Volvo Grand Prix was a men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. The Grand Prix circuit is a precursor to the ATP Tour.

Volvo became the new tour sponsor of the Grand Prix circuit after Colgate-Palmolive decided to end its sponsorship. Eight World Championship Tennis tournaments were incorporated into the circuit.
Diagrams.net
diagrams.net (previously draw.io) is a graph drawing application written in JavaScript. It can be used to design and export many kinds of diagrams, including circuit diagrams, floor plans, flowcharts, infographics, mind maps, and UML designs. Users can run the software as a web application, or by downloading and installing a standalone desktop program. Neither version requires online login or registration. Technology publications such as TechRadar and PCMag have described diagrams.net as an alternative to Lucidchart, Microsoft Visio, and SmartDraw.

SmartDraw
SmartDraw is a web-based tool for floor planning and other scaled drawings as well as traditional diagramming. SmartDraw can be used to create floor plans, evacuation plans, accident reconstruction diagrams, wiring diagrams, fire safety diagrams, crime scene diagrams, planograms and other layouts. It can also be used to create traditional diagrams like flowcharts, organization charts, mind maps, project charts and other diagrams.
Bradley, Gloucestershire
Bradley is a small village in the Stroud District, in the county of Gloucestershire, England.

Also part of the village is the hamlet of Bradley Green, with its eponymous area of common land, still used for agriculture today.  Buildings of note include the Grade II listed Bradley Court, once owned by the Berkeleys of Berkeley Castle and various former weavers' cottages which front on to Bradley Green itself.  Within sight are Swinhay House, Wotton Hill and the Tyndale Monument.  Nearby settlements include the town of Wotton-under-Edge, the villages of Kingswood, North Nibley and Charfield, and the hamlets of Howley, Southend and Bournstream.

For transport there is the B4060 road, the B4062 road, the B4058 road and the M5 motorway nearby.

Wotton-under-Edge
Wotton-under-Edge /ˈwʊtən/ is a market town and civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. Near the southern fringe of the Cotswolds, the Cotswold Way long-distance footpath passes through the town.
Shift-left testing
Shift-left testing is an approach to software testing and system testing in which testing is performed earlier in the lifecycle (i.e. moved left on the project timeline). It is the first half of the maxim "test early and often". It was coined by Larry Smith in 2001.

System testing
System testing, a.k.a. end-to-end (E2E) testing, is testing conducted on a complete software system.

System testing describes testing at the system level to contrast to testing at the system integration, integration or unit level.

System testing often serves the purpose of evaluating the system's compliance with its specified requirements  – often from a functional requirement specification (FRS), a system requirement specification (SRS), another type of specification or multiple.

System testing can detect defects in the system as a whole.

System testing can verify the design, the behavior and even the believed expectations of the customer. It is also intended to test up to and beyond the bounds of specified software and hardware requirements.
Königheim
Königheim (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːnɪçˌhaɪ̯m] ⓘ) is a country town in the district of Main-Tauber in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It consists of the villages Brehmen, Gissigheim, Königheim, and Pülfringen.

The oldest historic relic is a Celtic Viereckschanze or Nemeton.

Main-Tauber-Kreis
Main-Tauber-Kreis is a Landkreis (district) in the northeast of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from northwest clockwise) Miltenberg, Main-Spessart, Würzburg, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim and Ansbach (all in Bavaria), and the districts of Schwäbisch Hall, Hohenlohe and Neckar-Odenwald.
Mil Mi-30
The Mil Mi-30 Vintoplan was a Russian tiltrotor STOL/VTOL concept that originated in 1972. The Vintoplan would have been a transport aircraft for up to 19 passengers or two tons of cargo. Its purpose was to replace the Mi-8 and Mi-17 helicopters.

Mil Mi-8
The Mil Mi-8 (Russian: Ми-8, NATO reporting name: Hip) is a family of medium twin-turbine helicopters, originally designed by the Soviet Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) in the 1960s and introduced into the Soviet Air Force in 1968. Russian production of the aircraft model still continues as of 2024. In addition to its most common role as a transport helicopter, the Mi-8 is also used as an airborne command post, armed gunship, and reconnaissance platform.

The Mi-8 is the world's most-produced helicopter, with over 17,000 units used by over 50 countries. As of 2015, when combined with the related Mil Mi-17, the two helicopters are the third most common operational military aircraft in the world.
DMAC1
Transmembrane protein 261 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM261 gene located on chromosome 9. TMEM261 is also known as C9ORF123 and DMAC1, Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 123 and Transmembrane Protein C9orf123 and Distal membrane-arm assembly complex protein 1.

Protein secondary structure
Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets, though beta turns and omega loops occur as well. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as an intermediate before the protein folds into its three dimensional tertiary structure.

Secondary structure is formally defined by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone. Secondary structure may alternatively be defined based on the regular pattern of backbone dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds.

The concept of secondary structure was first introduced by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang at Stanford in 1952. Other types of biopolymers such as nucleic acids also possess characteristic secondary structures.
Stamped paper
Stamped paper is an often-foolscap piece of paper which bears an imprinted revenue stamp. Stamped papers are not a form of postal stationery as although they may contain writing, they are not designed to be used to convey a message.

The use of stamped paper in the American colonies was so unpopular that it has been credited with sowing the seeds of the American Revolution.

Postal stationery
A piece of postal stationery is a stationery item, such as a stamped envelope, letter sheet, postal card, lettercard, aerogram or wrapper, with an imprinted stamp or inscription indicating that a specific rate of postage or related service has been prepaid.  It does not, however, include any postcard without a pre-printed stamp, and it is different from freepost for preprinted cards issued by businesses. In general, postal stationery is handled similarly to postage stamps; sold from post offices either at the face value of the printed postage or, more likely, with a surcharge to cover the additional cost of the stationery. It can take the form of an official mail issue produced only for the use of government departments.