hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mentholatum
The Mentholatum Company, Inc. is a maker of non-prescription health care products founded in 1889 by Albert Alexander Hyde in the United States. It was bought out by Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., a Japanese health care company, in 1988.  The Mentholatum Company is known for its top three products, Mentholatum Ointment, Mentholatum Deep Heating Rub (branded as "Deep Heat" outside of the United States), and Mentholatum Lip Care. The Mentholatum Company also produces Fletcher's Laxative, a product line purchased in 1984 from Sterling Drug. The Mentholatum Building in Buffalo, New York, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Sterling Drug
Sterling Drug was an American based global pharmaceutical company. It was also known as Sterling Winthrop, Inc., after the merger with Winthrop-Stearns Inc. which itself resulted from the merger of Winthrop Chemical Company Inc. and  Frederick Stearns & Company. It was formerly known as Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals.

Primary product lines included diagnostic imaging agents, hormonal products, cardiovascular products, analgesics, antihistamines and muscle relaxants.

Chemical compounds produced by this company were often known by their manufacturing code which consisted of the abbreviation WIN (for Winthrop) followed by a number. For example, WIN 18,320 was nalidixic acid, the first quinolone antibiotic.
Lythrum californicum
Lythrum californicum is a species of flowering plant in the loosestrife family known by the common name California loosestrife. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States into the Midwest as far east as Oklahoma and Texas. It often grows in moist habitat. This is an erect perennial herb reaching 20 to 60 cm (7.9 to 23.6 in) tall, sometimes branching. The waxy linear to lance-shaped leaves are arranged oppositely lower on the plant, and alternately toward the top. They are 1 to 7 cm (0.39 to 2.76 in) in length. The inflorescence is a terminal spike of flowers with purple petals under a centimeter long. Flowers are heterostylous on one individual plant, with some having long, protruding styles and some with shorter styles not protruding from the mouth of the flower. The fruit is an oval capsule containing many minute seeds.

This plant resembles its relative, the notorious noxious weed purple loosestrife, but California loosestrife is usually not weedy.

Lythrum salicaria
Lythrum salicaria or purple-loosestrife is a flowering plant belonging to the family Lythraceae. It should not be confused with other plants sharing the name loosestrife that are members of the genus Lysimachia in the family Primulaceae. This herbaceous perennial plant is native to temperate regions of Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and eastern Australia.
Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc.
Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc., 573 U.S. 258 (2014), is a United States Supreme Court case regarding class action certification for a securities fraud claim.  Under the fraud-on-the-market theory, the Court had to inquire as to if markets are economically efficient.  The Court presumed they are.

Economic efficiency
In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts:

Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another.

Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost.

These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively efficient. There are also other definitions and measures. All characterizations of economic efficiency are encompassed by the more general engineering concept that a system is efficient or optimal when it maximizes desired outputs (such as utility) given available inputs.
Gmina Skawina
Gmina Skawina is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Skawina, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 100.15 square kilometres (38.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 41,445 (out of which the population of Skawina amounts to 23,691, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 17,754).

Skawina
Skawina [skaˈvʲina] is a town in southern Poland with 27,328 inhabitants (2008). Situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998). The town is located on the Skawinka river, in close proximity to the city of Kraków. Its population (as for December 31, 2010) was 23,761, and the area of the town is 20,50 km2. One of the most interesting historic buildings in Skawina is a Renaissance palace, built in the mid-16th century by Paweł Korytko. The name of the town probably comes from the Skawinka river.
Jo Morrison
Joanne Elizabeth Morrison (née Steed; born 20 March 1975) is a former New Zealand international netball representative, who played in the Silver Ferns team that won a silver medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur.

In 2021 Morrison was appointed the role of assistant coach of the Southern Steel under Reinga Bloxham.

Reinga Bloxham
Reinga Bloxham, also known as Reinga Te Huia, is a former New Zealand netball player and current coach. During the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup era, she played for Southern Sting. From 2016 to 2024, she served as head coach of Southern Steel in the ANZ Premiership. In 2017 and 2018, Bloxham guided Steel to two successive ANZ Premiership titles. In 2024 she was appointed as head coach of the Cardiff Dragons in the Netball Super League.
Society for the Promotion of Japanese Literature
The Society for the Promotion of Japanese Literature (日本文学振興会, Nihon Bungaku Shinkōkai) is an organisation, established in 1938, to promote Japanese literature.

It organises five literary prizes:

Akutagawa Prize

Kikuchi Kan Prize

Matsumoto Prize

Naoki Prize

Ohya Prize

Japanese literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or lit. 'Chinese writing' (漢文, kanbun), a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan.

During the Heian period, Japan's original kokufū culture (lit. 'national culture') developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of kana (仮名) to write Japanese literature.

Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe.
Dilfareb
Dilfareb (English; Seductive) is a 2015 Pakistani drama serial directed by Amin Iqbal, and written by Zafar Mairaj. The drama stars Omair Rana, Mira Sethi and Alia Butt in lead roles, and first aired on 22 May 2015 on Geo Entertainment, on Friday, Saturday and Sunday at 8:00P.m. The story revolves around the love triangle of a charming young man Zain, Dr.Gul Bakht and Natasha.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Buckingham (unit)
The buckingham (symbol: B) is a CGS unit of electric quadrupole, named in honour of the chemical physicist A. David Buckingham who was the first to measure a molecular quadrupole moment. It is defined as 10−26 statcoulomb-square centimetre. This is equivalent to 1 debye-angstrom, where 1 debye = 10−18 statcoulomb-centimetre is the CGS unit of molecular dipole moment and 1 angstrom = 10−8 cm.

One buckingham corresponds to the quadrupole moment resulting from two opposing dipole moments of equal magnitude of 1 debye that are separated by a distance of 1 angstrom, a typical bond length. This is analogous to the debye for the dipole moment of two opposing charges of 10−10 statcoulomb separated by 1 angstrom, and the name Buckingham for the unit was suggested by Peter Debye in 1963 in honour of Buckingham.

Centimetre
A centimetre (International spelling) or centimeter (American English), with SI symbol cm, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one hundredth of a metre, centi- being the SI prefix for a factor of ⁠1/100⁠. Equivalently, there are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. The centimetre was the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units.

Though for many physical quantities, SI prefixes for factors of 103—like milli- and kilo-—are often preferred by technicians, the centimetre remains a practical unit of length for many everyday measurements; for instance, human height is commonly measured in centimetres. A centimetre is approximately the width of the fingernail of an average adult person.
Glastonbury Festival 2017
The 2017 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts took place between 21 and 25 June. The three headlining acts were Radiohead, Foo Fighters, and Ed Sheeran, with Barry Gibb performing in the iconic Legend's Slot.

Sleep Well Beast
Sleep Well Beast is the seventh studio album by the American indie rock band The National, released on September 8, 2017, by 4AD. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2018.
Sobowice
Sobowice [sɔbɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Imielno, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Imielno, 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Jędrzejów, and 39 km (24 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Imielno, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Imielno [iˈmjɛlnɔ] is a village in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Imielno. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Jędrzejów and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Until 1954, Imielno was the seat of the Mierzwin commune. In 1975–1998, the town administratively belonged to the Kielce Voivodeship.

The village is the seat of the Imielno commune. There is a football club in the village, GKS Imielno, founded in 2016.
James Gordon (sprinter)
James "Jimmie" Gordon (December 27, 1908 – May 26, 1997) was an American sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Gordon was from Cleveland, Ohio and competed for the Miami RedHawks track and field begging in the 1928-29 school year. He set a personal best 48.3 seconds over 440 yards in 1991. For his first three years of collegiate competition, he was undefeated in the 440 yards. He achieved All-American honors at the 1931 NCAA Track and Field Championships, placing runner-up in the 440 yards.

Gordon also played for the Miami RedHawks football team. He later coached for the Lehigh Mountain Hawks track and field team and for his alma mater.

Miami RedHawks track and field
The Miami RedHawks track and field team is the track and field program that represents Miami University. The RedHawks compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mid-American Conference. The team is based in Oxford, Ohio, at the George L. Rider Track.

The program is coached by Russ Peterson. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

Middle-distance runner Charles Shugert became the school's first NCAA champion in 1932 over the two miles distance. In 1986, 800 m runner Karen Bakewell became the first women's national champion, also becoming the first Mid-American Conference women's runner in any discipline to win an NCAA title.
Coorg Legislative Assembly
The Coorg Legislative Assembly was a legislative body which introduced laws for Coorg State from 1950 to 1956. It had its origins in the Coorg Legislative Council established on 26 January 1924 as a representative body of the Chief Commissioner's province of Coorg. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, the name of the body was officially changed to Coorg Legislative Assembly. The first and only general election to the assembly took place in 1952. It was eventually dissolved in 1956 when Coorg State was merged with the neighbouring Mysore State.

Coorg State
Coorg State was a Part-C state in India which existed from 1950 to 1956. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, most of the existing provinces were reconstituted into states. Thus, Coorg Province became Coorg State. Coorg State was ruled by a Chief Commissioner with Mercara as its capital. The head of the government was the Chief Minister. Coorg State was abolished on 1 November 1956 as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and its territory was merged with Mysore State (later renamed as Karnataka in 1973). Currently, Coorg forms a district of Karnataka state.
St. Pat's for All
The St. Pat's for All Parade is an annual event that honors Irish culture and promotes inclusivity. It was established on March 5, 2000, and takes place in the Sunnyside and Woodside neighborhoods of Queens, New York City, which traditionally have been home to Irish New Yorkers. The parade was initiated by Brendan Fay, a gay Irish immigrant, in response to the exclusion of LGBTQ groups like the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization from the New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade in Manhattan. Fay's objective is to celebrate the diversity of New York City, guided by the motto "Cherishing All the Children of the Nation Equally," which originates from the Proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising of 1916. The most recent parade occurred on March 5, 2023.

Irish Americans in New York City
The Irish community is one of New York City's largest ethnic groups, and has been a significant proportion of the city's population since the waves of immigration in the late 19th century.

As a result of the Great Famine in Ireland, many Irish families were forced to emigrate from the country. By 1854, between 1.5 and 2 million Irish had left their country. In the United States, most Irish became city-dwellers. With little money, many had to settle in the cities that the ships landed in. By 1850, the Irish made up a quarter of the population in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Buffalo, and Baltimore.

Today, Boston has the largest percentage of Irish-Americans of any city in the United States, while New York City has the most Irish Americans in raw numbers. During the Celtic Tiger years, when the Irish economy was booming, the city saw a buying spree of residences by native Irish as second homes or as investment property.
Battle of Neuensund
The Battle of Neuensund was a small battle at Neuensund of the Seven Years' War between Swedish and Prussian forces fought on September 18, 1761. The Swedish force in imposing defensive positions under the command of Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten managed to rout the Prussian forces commanded by Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling.

Free infantry
Free infantry (German: Frei-Infanterie) units were autonomous military units established in the second half of the 18th century, which operated as light troops independently of armies using rigid linear tactics. They are not to be confused with the Freikorps. Depending on their size they could be free battalions (Freibataillone) or free companies (Freikompanien).
Renaissance illumination
Renaissance illumination refers to the production of illuminated manuscripts in Western Europe in the late 15th and 16th centuries, influenced by the representational techniques and motifs of Renaissance painting. With the invention of printing, book painting did not disappear abruptly, but continued in certain luxury manuscripts, and even in some printed works. Illuminators of the period used techniques of perspective representation and iconographic themes specific to the period. Restricted to luxury works, this type of production declined in the second half of the 16th century, as engraving became increasingly competitive.

Jean Poyer
Jean Poyer (alt: Poyet), was a French painter and manuscript illuminator of the late 15th century. As a multitalented artist – illuminator, painter, draftsman, and festival designer active from 1483 until his death – he was a painter of Renaissance France, working for the courts of three successive French kings: Louis XI, Charles VIII, and Louis XII.
Carnegie-Ellsworth Public Library
The Carnegie-Ellsworth Public Library is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States.  Local businessman Eugene Ellsworth donated the property for the library in 1902.  The following year the Carnegie Foundation agreed to grant the community $10,000 to build the building.  It was dedicated on August 9, 1904.  The single-story, brick structure is dominated by an elaborate entrance pavilion.  It features a semi-circular window above the cornice, which is supported by two Ionic pillars in antis between rusticated corner piers.  The hip roof is capped by a cupola.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  The Robert W. Barlow Memorial Library, Iowa Falls' public library, is now housed in a modern building near the Iowa River.

Iowa Falls, Iowa
Iowa Falls is a city in Hardin County, Iowa, United States. Iowa Falls is the home of Ellsworth Community College. It is also a regional transportation center, located along U.S. Routes 20 and 65 and the Canadian National and Union Pacific Railroads. The population was 5,106 at the time of the 2020 census.
Zoran Kvržić
Zoran Kvržić (pronounced [zǒran kʋřʒitɕ]; born 7 August 1988) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Bosnian Premier League club Borac Banja Luka.

Kvržić started his professional career at Proleter Teslić, before joining HAŠK in 2009. The following year, he switched to Osijek. In 2013, he was transferred to Rijeka, who loaned him to Spezia in 2015 and to Sheriff Tiraspol in 2016. He signed with Kayserispor in 2020. A year later, Kvržić moved to Slaven Belupo. In 2023, he joined Šibenik. Later that year, he signed with Borac Banja Luka.

Kvržić made his senior international debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011, earning 8 caps until 2020.

2013–14 Croatian Football Cup
The 2013–14 Croatian Football Cup is the twenty-third season of Croatia's football knockout competition. The defending champions are Hajduk Split, having won their sixth title the previous year by defeating Lokomotiva in the final.
Ground-glass opacity
Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs. It is typically defined as an area of hazy opacification (x-ray) or increased attenuation (CT) due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis, or a neoplastic process. When a substance other than air fills an area of the lung it increases that area's density. On both x-ray and CT, this appears more grey or hazy as opposed to the normally dark-appearing lungs. Although it can sometimes be seen in normal lungs, common pathologic causes include infections, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary edema.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), formerly known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), is an inflammation of the bronchioles (bronchiolitis) and surrounding tissue in the lungs. It is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

It is often a complication of an existing chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, or it can be a side effect of certain medications such as amiodarone. COP was first described by Gary Epler in 1985.

The clinical features and radiological imaging resemble infectious pneumonia. However, diagnosis is suspected after there is no response to multiple antibiotics, and blood and sputum cultures are negative for organisms.
Football at the 2025 SEA Games – Women's tournament final
The 2025 SEA Games women's football gold medal match (Thai: การแข่งขันฟุตบอลหญิงชิงเหรียญทองซีเกมส์ 2568) was a football match to determine the winners of the women's football tournament at the 2025 SEA Games. The match was the twelfth final of the women's football tournament at the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games), a biennial tournament contested by the women's national teams of the member associations of the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) to decide the SEA Games champions. The match took place at Chonburi Stadium in Chonburi, Thailand, on 17 December 2025.

Football at the 2025 SEA Games – Women's tournament
The women's football tournament at the 2025 SEA Games (Thai: การแข่งขันฟุตบอลหญิงซีเกมส์ 2568) was held from 4 to 17 December 2025. It was the fourteenth edition of the women's SEA Games football tournament.

Vietnam are the four-time defending champions, having won the last four editions, but failed to secured their fifth title to Philippines, their first ever gold medal. And with Thailand, this is the first time ever they failed to achieved gold medal in their home soil.
Ahnsbeck
Ahnsbeck is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the southern border of the Lüneburg Heath, 10 km eastern of the city of Celle. It is part of the collective municipality of Lachendorf.

Celle
Celle (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛlə] ⓘ) is a town and capital of the district of Celle in Lower Saxony, in north-central Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river Aller, a tributary of the Weser, and has a population of about 71,000. Celle is the southern gateway to the Lüneburg Heath, has a castle (Schloss Celle) built in the Renaissance and Baroque styles and a picturesque old town centre (the Altstadt) with more than 400 timber-framed houses, making Celle one of the most remarkable members of the German Timber-Frame Road. From 1378 to 1705 Celle was the official residence of the Lüneburg branch of the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (House of Welf), who had been banished from their original ducal seat by its townsfolk.
San Ignacio Airfield
San Ignacio Airfield (IATA: SGM) (Spanish: Aeropuerto de San Ignacio) is a public paved airstrip located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of San Ignacio, Municipality of Mulegé, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The airport is used solely for general aviation purposes. It is usually open during the whale watching season.

Mulegé Municipality
Mulegé is the northernmost municipality of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is the largest municipality by area in Mexico, with an area of 33,092.20 km2 (12,777 sq mi). In the 2020 Census, it had a population of 64,022 inhabitants. Isla Natividad is part of the municipality.

The municipal seat is located in Santa Rosalía. The El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve is located in the municipality, between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. With a landmass of over 24,930 km2 (9,625 sq mi), it is the largest wildlife refuge in Mexico and borders on the northern edge of the Valle de los Cirios Protected Area of Flora and Fauna.