hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Koutougou attack
On August 15, 2023, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) ambushed Nigerien soldiers near Koutougou, a village on the border between Niger and Mali. The ambush killed at least seventeen Nigerien soldiers, and was the first major attack by a jihadist group on Nigerien forces since the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.

2023 Nigerien coup d'état
On 26 July 2023, a coup d'état occurred in Niger when the country's presidential guard detained President Mohamed Bazoum, and Presidential Guard commander General Abdourahamane Tchiani proclaimed himself the leader of a new military junta, shortly after confirming the coup a success.

This was the fifth military coup d'état since the country gained independence from France in 1960, and the first since 2010. The coup was condemned by the United States and France, and by the West African regional bloc ECOWAS, the latter of which threatened military intervention against the junta, leading to the 2023–2024 Niger crisis.
Birmingham city centre
Birmingham city centre, also known as Central Birmingham, is the central business district of Birmingham, England. The area was historically in Warwickshire. Following the removal of the Inner Ring Road, the city centre is now defined as being the area within the Middleway ring road. In recent years the city centre has been undergoing massive redevelopment with the Big City Plan, which means there are now nine emerging districts and the city centre is approximately five times bigger.

Historically the area was in Warwickshire, on the border with Worcestershire. Until around the Industrial Revolution,  "Birmingham" referred only to what is now called the city centre. It was used to describe other areas when Birmingham absorbed surrounding towns.

Jewellery Quarter station
Jewellery Quarter station is a combined railway station and tram stop, situated in the Jewellery Quarter of Birmingham, England. The station is served by West Midlands Trains (who operate the station), Chiltern Railways, and West Midlands Metro.

The station is set at the mouth of Hockley No 2 Tunnel below the elevation of its road-level access point on Vyse Street; stairs and a lift are provided.
El-Gadarif
El-Gadarif (Arabic: القضارف Al Qaḍārif), also spelt Gedaref or Gedarif, is the capital of the state of Al Qadarif in Sudan. It lies on the road that connects Khartoum with Gallabat on the Ethiopian border, about 410 kilometres (250 mi) from the capital.

Kassala
Kassala (Arabic: كسلا, Tigrinya: ከሰላ) is the capital of the state of Kassala in eastern Sudan.  In 2003 its population was recorded to be 530,950. Built on the banks of the Gash River, it is a market city and is famous for its fruit gardens. Many of its inhabitants are from the Hadendawa sub-tribe of the Beja ethnic group.

The city was formerly a railroad hub, however, as of 2006 there was no operational railway station in Kassala and much of the track leading to and from the city has been salvaged or fallen into disrepair. Kassala's location along the main Khartoum-Port Sudan highway makes it an important trade center.
Haboro Line
The Haboro Line (羽幌線, Haboro-sen) was a railway line which was operated by Japanese National Railways in Hokkaidō, Japan. The 141.1 kilometres line connected from Rumoi Station to Horonobe Station via Obira, Tomamae, Haboro, Shosanbetsu, Enbetsu and Teshio until its closure on March 30, 1987. This railway line was connected by Rumoi Main Line on southern terminus and Sōya Main Line on northern terminus.

Rumoi Main Line
The Rumoi Main Line (留萌本線, Rumoi-honsen) is a Japanese railway line in Hokkaido operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) which connects Fukagawa Station in Fukagawa and Ishikari-Numata Station in Numata. Following the discontinuation of service between Rumoi and Ishikari-Numata on 1 April 2023, the Rumoi Main Line is the shortest railway line in Japan to be classified as a 'main line', at just 14.4 kilometers (8.9 mi).

On 19 November 2016, JR Hokkaido's president announced plans to further rationalize the network by up to 1,237 km (769 mi), or approximately 50% of the network, including closure of the remaining section of the Rumoi Main Line (the Rumoi to Mashike section closed on 5 December 2016). This section of track from Ishikari-Numata to Rumoi was closed on 1 April 2023, with the final train running on 31 March 2023. JR Hokkaido has announced the Fukagawa-Ishikari Numata section will close on 1 April 2026, and the final train will run on 31 March 2026.
Missão Tiriyó
Missão Tiriyó, sometimes also known by its native name Tawainen is an indigenous Tiriyó village situated near the headwaters of the Western Paru River in Brazil, near the border with Suriname. The Surinamese village of Sipaliwini Savanna can be reached by an unpaved path.

Tiriyó people
The Tiriyó or Trio are an Amerindian ethnic group native to parts of northern Brazil, Suriname, and Guyana. In 2014, there were approximately 3,640 Tiriyó in the three countries. They live in several major villages and a number of minor villages in the border zone between Brazil and Suriname. They speak the Tiriyó language, a member of the Cariban language family and refer to themselves as tarëno, etymologically 'people from here' or 'local people'.
Daniel Laemouahuma Jatta
Daniel Laemouahuma Jatta is a Jola scholar and musician from Mandinary, Gambia, who pioneered the research and documentation of the akonting, a Jola folk lute, as well as the related Manjago folk lute, the buchundu, in the mid-1980s. Prior to Jatta's work, these instruments were largely unknown outside the rural villages of the Senegambia region of West Africa.

Xalam
Xalam (in Serer, khalam in Wolof, and Molo in Dagbani and Zarma) is a traditional lute from West Africa with 1 to 5 strings. The xalam is commonly played in Mali, Gambia, Senegal, Niger, Northern Nigeria, Northern Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Western Sahara. The xalam and its variants are known by various names in other languages, including bappe, diassare, hoddu (Pulaar), koliko (Gurunsi), kologo (Frafra), komsa, kontigi, gurmi, garaya (Hausa), koni, konting (Mandinka), molo (Songhay/Zarma), ndere, ngoni (Bambara), and tidinit (Hassaniyya and Berber).

In Wolof, a person who plays the xalam is called a xalamkat (a word composed of the verbal form of xalam, meaning "to play the xalam", and the agentive suffix -kat, thus meaning "one who xalams").
In Mande, this is ngonifola or konting fola.
In Hausa, this is mai gurmi or mai kontigi.
2021 Liga 3 Bali
The 2021 Liga 3 Bali season (also known as the 2021 Bali United Liga 3 season for sponsorship reasons) was the sixth season of Liga 3 Bali as a qualifying round for the national round of the 2021–22 Liga 3. It began on 14 October and ended with a final on 15 December 2021. Perseden were the defending champion and they successfully defended their title following a 1–0 win against PS Jembrana in the final.

2021–22 Liga 3 (Indonesia)
The 2021–22 Liga 3 is the fifth season of the Liga 3 under its current name, the sixth season under its current league structure, and the only amateur league football competition in Indonesia.

Persijap were the defending champions from the 2019 season after the 2020 season was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.
CNEOS 2014-01-08
CNEOS 2014-01-08 was a 0.45 m (1.5 ft) meteor that impacted Earth on 8 January 2014 near the northeast coast of Papua New Guinea. It was claimed to be an interstellar object in a 2019 preprint by astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb, and this was published in 2022. This was supported by the U.S. Space Command in 2022 based on the object's velocity relative to the Sun. NASA and other astronomers doubt this, and still other experts found Earth-related explanations for the purported meteorite impact instead.

Velocity
Velocity is a measurement of speed in a certain direction of motion. It is a fundamental concept in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of physical objects. Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning that both magnitude and direction are needed to define it (velocity vector). The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called speed, a quantity that is measured in metres per second (m/s or m⋅s−1) in the SI (metric) system. For example, "5 metres per second" is a scalar, whereas "5 metres per second east" is a vector. If there is a change in speed, direction or both, then the object is said to be undergoing an acceleration.
L&C Mortgages
L&C Mortgages (also known as London and Country Mortgages Limited) is a UK mortgage broking company headquartered in Bath with a second office in Newcastle. They are one of the largest and best-known national mortgage brokers with 350 mortgage and 90 protection advisers as of April 2025, and are a certified B Corp company.

Bank of Ireland
Bank of Ireland Group plc (Irish: Banc na hÉireann) is a commercial bank operation in Ireland and one of the traditional Big Four Irish banks. Historically the premier banking organisation in Ireland, the bank occupies a unique position in Irish banking history. At the core of the modern-day group is the old Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland, the ancient institution established by royal charter in 1783.

Bank of Ireland has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
Goa sausage
The Goa sausage or Choris is a typical reflection of Indo-Portuguese cuisine from Goa, which once were part of Portuguese India. It is based on the Chouriço sausage, introduced from Portugal. The humidity of Goa made it difficult to produce European-styled sausages that would keep, and so the meat was pickled in vinegar, alcohol, and a chilli-spice mix before being placed in pig-gut. The Goan sausage is therefore of Iberian origin and related to the Spanish Chorizo, both of which go through a process called pimenton.

Blood sausage
A blood sausage is a sausage filled with blood that is cooked or dried and mixed with a filler until it is thick enough to solidify when cooled. Most commonly, the blood of pigs, sheep, lamb, cow, chicken, or goose is used.

In Europe and the Americas, typical fillers include meat, fat, suet, bread, cornmeal, onion, chestnuts, barley, oatmeal, and buckwheat. On the Iberian Peninsula and in Latin America and Asia, fillers are often made with rice. Sweet variants with sugar, honey, orange peel, and spices are also regional specialties.

In many languages, a general term such as blood sausage (American English) is used for all sausages that are made from blood, whether or not they include non-animal material such as bread, cereal, and nuts. Sausages that include such material are often referred to with more specific terms, such as black pudding in English. Other varieties of blood sausage include boudin rouge (Creole and Cajun), rellena or moronga (Mexico), and sanganel (Friuli).
UGRO Capital
UGRO Capital Limited is an Indian non‐banking financial company (NBFC). Established in 2018, the company operates as a systemically important non-deposit-taking NBFC (NBFC-ND-SI) and is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is listed on the National Stock Exchange of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange.

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
Deux-Sèvres's 4th constituency
The fourth constituency of Deux-Sèvres was a French legislative constituency in the Deux-Sèvres département. It was abolished in the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies. The first seats first Deputy was Albert Brochard of the Union for French Democracy (UDF). The final deputy to hold the seat was Jean Grellier of the Socialist Party who took office in 2007 after unseating Dominique Paillé in 2007.

Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres (French pronunciation: [dø sɛvʁ] ⓘ, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019.
1983 Monaco Grand Prix
43°44′4.74″N 7°25′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿43.7346500°N 7.421333°E﻿ / 43.7346500; 7.421333

The 1983 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 15 May 1983. It was the fifth race of the 1983 Formula One World Championship. The 76-lap race was won by Finnish driver Keke Rosberg, driving a Williams-Ford (the last victory of Williams in Monaco until 2003 with Juan Pablo Montoya), with Brazilian Nelson Piquet second in a Brabham-BMW and Frenchman Alain Prost third in a Renault. This was only time that both works McLaren cars failed to qualify for a race.

Thirty years later, Rosberg's son Nico won the 2013 race, making them the first father and son to win in the principality.

Circuit de Monaco
Circuit de Monaco is a 3.337 km (2.074 mi) street circuit laid out on the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine around the harbour of the Principality of Monaco. It is commonly, and even officially, referred to as "Monte Carlo" because it is largely inside the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco.

The circuit is annually used on three weekends in April–May for Formula One Monaco Grand Prix, Formula E Monaco ePrix and Historic Grand Prix of Monaco. Formula One's respective feeder series over the years – Formula 3000, GP2 Series and today the Formula 2 and FIA Formula 3 championships and Porsche Supercup – also visit the circuit concurrently with Formula One. The Monaco Grand Prix is one of the three events victories which count towards the Triple Crown of Motorsport.
Rendezvous Islands
The Rendezvous Islands are a group of islands in British Columbia, Canada. They are part of the Discovery Islands between Vancouver Island and the mainland, between the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait.

The Rendezvous Islands are located in Calm Channel, east of the north end of Read Island. Maurelle Island lies to the west, and Raza Island to the northeast.  The Rendezvous Islands are located within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District. Sutil Channel and Cortes Island are located to the south.

Cortes Island
Cortes Island is an island in the Discovery Islands archipelago on the coast of British Columbia, Canada. The island is 25 km (16 mi) long, 13 km (8 mi) wide, and 130 km2 (50 sq mi) in area. It has a population of 1,035 permanent residents (2016 census). Cortes Island lies within Electoral Area B of the Strathcona Regional District, which provides water and sewage systems, fire protection, land use planning, parks, recreation, and emergency response.

Access to Cortes Island is by plane or ferry - by seaplane to many of the island's protected harbours; by ferry from Quadra Island, which is itself accessed from Campbell River on Vancouver Island via BC Ferries.

Cortes Island is a tourist destination in the summers, with many people visiting to enjoy the peaceful atmosphere and warm weather.
Liberal Revolution of 1820
The Liberal Revolution of 1820 (Portuguese: Revolução Liberal) was a Portuguese political revolution that erupted in 1820. It began with a military insurrection in the city of Porto, in northern Portugal, that quickly and peacefully spread to the rest of the country. The Revolution resulted in the return in 1821 of the Portuguese court to Portugal from Brazil, where it had fled during the Peninsular War, and initiated a constitutional period in which the 1822 Constitution was ratified and implemented. The movement's liberal ideas had an important influence on Portuguese society and political organization in the nineteenth century.

Homeland
A homeland is a place where a national or ethnic identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethnic nationalist connotations. A homeland may also be referred to as a fatherland, a motherland, or a mother country, depending on the culture and language of the nationality in question.
Liège Revolution
The Liège Revolution, sometimes known as the Happy Revolution (French: Heureuse Révolution; Walloon: Binamêye revolucion), against the reigning prince-bishop of Liège, started on 18 August 1789 and lasted until the destruction of the Republic of Liège and re-establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège by Austrian forces in 1791. The Liège Revolution was concurrent with the French Revolution and its effects were long-lasting and eventually led to the abolition of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and its final annexation by French revolutionary forces in 1795.

Battle of Fleurus (1794)
The Battle of Fleurus was fought on 26 June 1794 during the War of the First Coalition between the French Revolutionary Army under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and an Austro-Dutch army commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg. In what was the most significant battle of the Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition, Jourdan's army was able to concentrate its forces and defeat Coburg and his troops. The Allied defeat led to the permanent loss of the Austrian Netherlands and to the dissolution of the Dutch Republic. The battle marked a turning point for the French army, which remained ascendant for the rest of the War of the First Coalition.
1542 Schalén
1542 Schalén (provisional designation 1941 QE) is a background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 45 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 August 1941, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The dark D-type asteroid was later named after Swedish astronomer Karl Schalén.

Yrjö Väisälä
Yrjö Väisälä (Finnish: [ˈyrjø ˈʋæi̯sælæ] ⓘ; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

His main contributions were in the field of optics. He was also active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology. He had an affectionate nickname of Wizard of Tuorla (Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 asteroids and 3 comets.

His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist Vilho Väisälä (1889–1969). His daughter Marja Väisälä (1916–2011) was an astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

Väisälä was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, presiding over the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista ("International Association of Esperanto Scientists") in 1968.
Nikolina Shtereva
Nikolina Pavlova Shtereva (Bulgarian: Николина Павлова Щерева; born 25 January 1955) is a retired Bulgarian middle-distance runner who specialised in the 800 and 1500 metres. She is best known for her silver medal in 800 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics, and at the European Indoor Championships she won gold medals in 1976 and 1979 and a bronze medal in 1981. She won fourteen national titles (outdoor; as well as seven indoor) in Bulgaria, and is still the Bulgarian record holder in the 800 metres.

1975 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 1975 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in 1975 in Katowice, Poland.

The track used for these championships was 160 metres long. A two-lap relay race was organised over an unusual distance of 320 metres for each leg. This was the last edition to feature relay races until 2000.
Olympic Valley, California
Olympic Valley (historically and informally known as Squaw Valley) is an unincorporated community located in Placer County, California, United States. It lies northwest of Tahoe City along California State Highway 89 on the banks of the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe. It is home to Palisades Tahoe (formerly Squaw Valley Ski Resort), the site of the 1960 Winter Olympics. Olympic Valley is the smallest resort area to host the Olympic Winter Games.

Washoe people
The  Washoe or Waší:šiw are a Great Basin tribe of Native Americans, living near Lake Tahoe at the border between California and Nevada. Many Washoe people today are enrolled in the Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California, though some are enrolled in the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony and the Susanville Indian Rancheria. The Washoe language is a linguistic isolate.
Air Force of the Polish Army
The Air Force of the Polish Army (Polish: Lotnictwo Wojska Polskiego), unofficially known as the People's Polish Air Force was the name of the Soviet-controlled Polish Air Force in the USSR between 1943 and 1947 created alongside the Polish People's Army (Polish: Ludowe Wojsko Polskie), a subordinate to the Red Army. It was the primary Polish air force formation within the Polish Armed Forces in the East during World War II.

Brigadier general (Poland)
Brigadier general (Polish: generał brygady Polish pronunciation: [ɡɛˈnɛraw brɨˈɡadɨ], abbreviated gen. bryg.) is the lowest grade for generals in the Polish Army (both in the land forces and in the Polish Air Force). Depending on the context, it is equivalent to both the modern grade of major general and the grade of brigadier general (mostly in historical context).

The symbols of the grade are the general's wavy line and a single star, featured on both the rogatywka (the military cap) and the sleeves of the dress uniform and above the breast pocket of the field uniform.
Reineskarvet
Reineskarvet is a significant mountain in the municipality of Ål in Buskerud, Norway.

It is located in the Skarvheimen highland area between Jotunheimen and Hardangervidda, on the north side of Hallingdalen, west of Hemsedal. Reineskarvet looks like Hallingskarvet and lies parallel to it a bit further northeast. The highest point lies in the western end, while there is a summit in the eastern end with elevation 1732 m, popular for hiking.

Hallingskarvet
Hallingskarvet is a mountain range in southern Norway stretching from Geilo to Finse in Vestland and Buskerud counties. The highest point is the 1,933-metre (6,342 ft) tall mountain Folarskardnuten in Hol Municipality in Buskerud county. The mountains run through Aurland Municipality and Ulvik Municipality in Vestland county and Hol Municipality in Buskerud county.

In the north, there is a large dammed lake called Strandavatnet. The Bergen Line railway, which runs south of Hallingskarvet, has its highest stop at Finse Station at an elevation of 1,222 metres (4,009 ft).

In 2006, the Hallingskarvet mountain range became part of the Hallingskarvet National Park.
Macrolycus graciliramus
Macrolycus graciliramus is a species of beetle of the Lycidae family. This species is found in China (Guangxi).

Adults reach a length of about 10–10.6 mm. The colour of their body is black brown, while the pronotum and scutellum are black and the elytra dark red. The surface is covered with decumbent red pubescence.

Lycidae
The Lycidae are a family in the beetle order Coleoptera, members of which are commonly called net-winged beetles. These beetles are cosmopolitan, being found in Nearctic, Palearctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australian ecoregions.