hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Belarusian opposition
The Belarusian opposition consists of groups and individuals in Belarus seeking to challenge, from 1988 to 1991, the authorities of Soviet Belarus, and since 1995, the leader of the country Alexander Lukashenko, whom supporters of the movement often consider to be a dictator. Supporters of the movement tend to call for a parliamentary democracy based on a Western model, with freedom of speech and political and religious pluralism. The opposition movement vary in political ideology, ranging from liberals, socialists, anarchists, and Polish minority activists to Belarusian nationalists.

1996 Belarusian referendum
A seven-question referendum was held in Belarus on 24 November 1996. Four questions were put forward by Alexander Lukashenko, the president of Belarus, on changing the date of the country's independence day, amending the constitution of Belarus, changing laws on the sale of land and the abolition of the death penalty. The Supreme Council put forward three questions on constitutional amendments by the Communist and Agrarian factions, local elections and the national finances.

All of Lukashenko's proposals were approved, namely changing Belarus's national day, amending the constitution, and retaining the death penalty and a ban on land sales. Voter turnout was said to be 84.1%. The referendum, like its 1995 predecessor, was condemned by international organizations including the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, as falling far short of democratic standards, while others said it was a further consolidation of Lukashenko's dictatorship.
Croatian–Ottoman wars
Croatian–Ottoman Wars (Turkish: Osmanlı-Hırvatistan Savaşları, Croatian: Hrvatsko-osmanski ratovi) can refer to one of the several conflicts between the Kingdom of Croatia (as part of Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia and Habsburg Monarchy) and the Ottoman Empire:

Long Campaign (1443–1444) of the King Vladislaus II of Hungary

Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War, War for Croatia - a period of near constant mostly low-intensity warfare ("Small War") approximately 1493–1593 (from the Battle of Krbava Field to the Battle of Sisak)

Long War (1593–1606)

Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)

Great Turkish War (1683–1699)

Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)

Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791)

The Kingdom of Croatia-Hungary gradually lost most of its territory on the eastern Adriatic coast to the Ottomans, leaving only the possessions of the Republic of Venice in Dalmatia, for whom the Croats took part in the Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Of particular note for the history of Dalmatia was the Morean War.

Crusade of Varna
The Crusade of Varna was an unsuccessful military campaign mounted by several European leaders to check the expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Central Europe, specifically the Balkans between 1443 and 1444. It was called by Pope Eugene IV on 1 January 1443 and led by King Władysław III of Poland, John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania, and Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy.

The Crusade of Varna culminated in a decisive Ottoman victory over the crusader alliance at the Battle of Varna on 10 November 1444, during which Władysław disappeared and the expedition's papal legate Julian Cesarini was killed.
Danish Handball Cup 2019 (women's handball)
The 2019 Danish Handball Cup (Danish: DHF's Landspokalturnering 2019), known as Santander Cup 2019 for sponsorship reasons, was the 56th edition of the national women's handball cup tournament. Nykøbing Falster Håndboldklub were the defending champions.

Danish Women's Handball Cup
The Danish Women's Handball Cup (Danish: DHF's Landspokalturnering), known as the Santander Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the main domestic cup tournament for Danish women's handball clubs, which is partially organised and supervised by the Danish Handball Federation. The competition has been played annually since 1964.
Herbert Pelham
Christianity portal

Rt Rev Herbert Sidney Pelham (25 June 1881 – 11 March 1944) was the third Bishop of Barrow-in-Furness from 1926 until his death in 1944.

Pelham was the third son of classical scholar Henry Francis Pelham and Laura Priscilla Buxton, daughter of Sir Edward Buxton, 2nd Baronet. His grandfather was Bishop of Norwich Hon. John Thomas Pelham, third son of the 3rd Earl of Chichester. His elder brother was  civil servant Sir Edward Henry Pelham.

He was educated at Harrow School and University College, Oxford, his first posts after ordination were at inner-city Missions. After which he was Chaplain to Henry Wakefield, Bishop of Birmingham, Head of the Harrow Mission, and Vicar of Barking- a post he held until 1926 when he was elevated to the episcopate. He was the author of the book The Training of a Working Boy.

Bishop of Barrow-in-Furness
The Bishop of Barrow-in-Furness was an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Carlisle, in the Province of York, England. The See was created by Order in Council on 6 April 1889 (under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888) and took its name after the town of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. Since 1944, the title has been in abeyance.
Defence Research Establishment Suffield
50°16′16.83″N 111°10′23.39″W﻿ / ﻿50.2713417°N 111.1731639°W﻿ / 50.2713417; -111.1731639
The Defence Research Establishment Suffield was the name of the military research facility located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Suffield, Alberta, from 1967 to its renaming to DRDC Suffield in 2000.

Suffield Block
The Suffield Block is an area located within Cypress County, southern Alberta, Canada approximately bounded by Highway 884 on the west, Highway 555 on the north, the South Saskatchewan River on the east and the Trans-Canada Highway on the south.  The Suffield Block is managed by CFB Suffield.
Kajžar
Kajžar (pronounced [ˈkaːi̯ʒaɾ]) is a small settlement in the hills northeast of Ormož in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Ormož
Ormož (pronounced [ˈóːɾmɔʃ] ⓘ; in older sources Ormuš, Hungarian: Ormosd, German: Friedau, Prekmurje Slovene: Ormošd) is a town in the traditional region of Prlekija, part of Styria, in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Drava River and borders with Croatia on the opposite bank of the river. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Ormož.
State of Venezuela
The State of Venezuela was the official name of Venezuela adopted by the constitution of 1830, during the government of José Antonio Páez. The name was maintained until 1856 when in the constitution promulgated in that year it changes the official name of the country to Republic of Venezuela. In the Constitution of 1864, the United States of Venezuela was established.

Maracaibo Province (Venezuela)
Maracaibo Province was a historical region of Venezuela that corresponds roughtly to the actual Zulia State.

The eighteenth century geographer Antonio de Alcedo mentions Maracaibo as one of the cities of the Venezuela Province, a jurisdiction of the vice-royalty of New Grenade.

In 1777, the Crown of Castile reforms its American territories among which that of the contemporary Venezuela. The creation of the Capitania General of Venezuela englobes Cumana, Maracaibo, Guayana, Trinidad and Margarita that is an important portion of the Caribbean region of the vice-royalty of New Grenade.

In 1812, in the Cortes de Cadiz, the province of Maracaibo is represented by José Domingo de las Nieves Rus y Ortega de Azarraullía. Later on, the jurisdiction will be renamed Zulia Department until 1830 when it integrates de bolivarian Gran Colombia.

In 1864 the area was named Maracaibo State, which shortly after was renamed to Sovereign State of Zulia and in 1874 Zulia State.
Citco
Citco, also known as the Citco Group of Companies and the Curaçao International Trust Co., is a privately owned global hedge fund administrator headquartered in the British Virgin Islands, founded in 1948. It is the world's largest hedge fund administrator, managing over $1.8 trillion in assets under administration.

Controlling interest
A controlling interest is an ownership interest in a corporation with enough voting stock shares to prevail in any stockholders' motion. A majority of voting shares (over 50%) is always a controlling interest. When a party holds less than the majority of the voting shares, other present circumstances can be considered to determine whether that party is still considered to hold a controlling ownership interest.

In the United States, Delaware corporations have a 2/3 vote requirement for a motion to pass. In theory, this would mean that a controlling interest would have to be over two-thirds of the voting shares.

A 2019 study published in the Virginia Law Review said dual-class stock structures, common to newly public technology companies, creates governance risks and costs, including the potential loss of economic value for non-voting shares held by public investors.
Brøstadbotn
Brøstadbotn is the administrative centre of Dyrøy Municipality in Troms county, Norway.  The village is located on the mainland of Norway, along the Dyrøysundet strait, looking across the strait at the island of Dyrøya to the southwest. The Dyrøy Bridge is located just west of the village. Brøstad Church is located in the village. One of the main industries for the village is an electronics factory.

Dyrøy Bridge
Dyrøy Bridge (Norwegian: Dyrøybrua) is a cantilever bridge in Dyrøy Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The bridge crosses the Dyrøysundet strait connecting the mainland to the island of Dyrøya.  The 570-metre-long (1,870 ft) bridge opened on 29 August 1994.  The bridge replaced a ferry connection to the island.
Asia-Europe Museum Network
The Asia-Europe Museum Network (ASEMUS) is an international cross-cultural network of museums. The museums in the ASEMUS network are located in Europe and Asia in those countries belonging to ASEM, a forum for dialogue between Europe and Asia sponsored by the European Commission. ASEMUS has two key aims: (a) to promote wider mutual understanding between the peoples of Asia and Europe by means of collaborative programmes of museum-based cultural activity and (b) to stimulate and facilitate the sharing, use and knowledge of museum collections of mutual interest.

Wereldmuseum Leiden
Wereldmuseum Leiden (also known as Museum Volkenkunde) is a Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands located in the university city of Leiden. As of 2014, the museum, along with Wereldmuseum Amsterdam, in Amsterdam, and Wereldmuseum Rotterdam, together make up the National Museum of World Cultures.
Vân Đồn special administrative region
Vân Đồn (listenⓘ) is a special administrative region of Quảng Ninh province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the region had a population of 46,616. The region covers an area of 551 km2. The region capital lies at Cái Rồng. The region is selected as a Special Economic Zone, and is rapidly being developed. It is connected by motorway to Hai Phong and Hạ Long, and served by Van Don International Airport.

Hạ Long
Hạ Long (Vietnamese: [hâːˀ lawŋm] ⓘ, transl. 'descending dragon') is a former first-class provincial city and capital city of Quảng Ninh province, Vietnam. It was found in 1993, when the old capital, Hòn Gai, was merged with Bãi Cháy, the main tourist area. The city mainly lies on Hạ Long Bay, and is located at about 178 km (111 mi) east of Hà Nội. The city's population in 2019 was 270,054.

Hạ Long ceased to exist as a provincial city on 1 July 2025, following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam.
Achille Varzi
Achille Varzi (8 August 1904 – 1 July 1948) was an Italian racing driver. He is remembered as the winner of the 1933 Monaco Grand Prix, as well as the winner of the first Formula One Grand Prix at the 1946 Turin Grand Prix, and as the chief rival of Tazio Nuvolari.

Maserati in motorsport
Throughout its history, the Italian auto manufacturer Maserati has participated in various forms of motorsport including Formula One, sportscar racing and touring car racing, both as a works team and through private entrants. Maserati currently competes in Formula E in partnership with the Monaco Sports Group (MSG) as Maserati MSG Racing.
9th Infantry Division (Poland)
The 9th Infantry Division (Polish: 9 Dywizja Piechoty) was a unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. For most of 1919, the 9th Division's regiments were dispersed across the regions of Podlachia, Polesie and Volhynia, with one battalion sent to Dąbrowa Basin.

Polesia
Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye, is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the East European Plain, including the Belarus–Ukraine border region and part of eastern Poland. This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie".
Stoczki-Porąbki
Stoczki-Porąbki [ˈstɔt͡ʂki pɔˈrɔmpki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dłutów, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Dłutów, 14 km (9 mi) south of Pabianice, and 28 km (17 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Dłutów
Dłutów [ˈdwutuf] is a village in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dłutów. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south of Pabianice and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
1920 America's Cup
The 1920 America's Cup was the 13th challenge for the Cup and the first since 1903. It took place in New York Harbor and consisted of a best-of-five series of races between the defender Resolute, entered by a syndicate of New York Yacht Club members headed by Henry Walters, and Shamrock IV, the fourth in Sir Thomas Lipton's line of Cup challengers. Charles Francis Adams III was the skipper of Resolute in this race.

Despite being disabled in the first race and losing the second, Resolute won the final three races and in doing so retained the Cup on behalf of the NYYC, continuing the club's unbroken record of defending the America's Cup.

The 1920 America's Cup was originally scheduled to take place in 1914 but was postponed upon the outbreak of World War I.

The 13th Cup challenge was the last to take place in New York, and the first held under the Universal Rule of measurement. Due to the rule, Shamrock IV owed Resolute seven minutes time.

1903 America's Cup
The 1903 America's Cup was the 12th challenge for the Cup. It took place in the New York City harbor and consisted of a best of five series of races between Reliance, the fourth of Nathaniel Herreshoff's defenders for the cup, entered by the New York Yacht Club; and Shamrock III, representing the Royal Ulster Yacht Club and also the third of Sir Thomas Lipton's Cup challengers. Reliance won the first three races, defending the cup. It was the last race for the America's Cup that would take place under the Seawanhaka rule.
ATSC-M/H
ATSC-M/H (Advanced Television Systems Committee - Mobile/Handheld) is a U.S. standard for mobile digital TV that allows TV broadcasts to be received by mobile devices.

ATSC-M/H is a mobile TV extension to preexisting terrestrial TV broadcasting standard ATSC A/53. It corresponds to the European DVB-H and 1seg extensions of DVB-T and ISDB-T terrestrial digital TV standards respectively. ATSC is optimized for a fixed reception in the typical North American environment and uses 8VSB modulation. The ATSC transmission method is not robust enough against Doppler shift and multipath radio interference in mobile environments, and is designed for highly directional fixed antennas. To overcome the issues, additional channel coding mechanisms are introduced in ATSC-M/H to protect the signal. As of 2021, ATSC-M/H is considered to have been a commercial failure.

DVB-T
DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in February 1998. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation. It is also the format widely used worldwide (including North America) for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video and audio from a mobile newsgathering vehicle to a central receive point.
It is also used in the US by amateur television operators.
Rennerod
Rennerod (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛnəʁoːt] ⓘ) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Rennerod, a kind of collective municipality. Within the municipal area, until German Reunification on 3 October 1990, lay the Federal Republic's geographical centre.

Westerwaldkreis
The Westerwaldkreis ("District of Westerwald") is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Altenkirchen, Lahn-Dill, Limburg-Weilburg, Rhein-Lahn, the district-free city Koblenz, Mayen-Koblenz and Neuwied.
Rancho Las Uvas
Rancho Las Uvas was a 11,080-acre (44.8 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Clara County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Lorenzo Pinedo (often spelt Pineda).  The name means "ranch of the grapes" and is derived from an abundance of wild grapes (Vitis californica) along the area's main watercourses.  The grant was 3 miles west of present-day Morgan Hill, and covered the hilly area drained by the Uvas Creek and Llagas Creek, and is the site of present-day Uvas Reservoir.

Morgan Hill, California
Morgan Hill is a city in Santa Clara County, California, at the southern tip of Silicon Valley in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 census, Morgan Hill had a population of 45,483. Morgan Hill is an affluent residential community, the seat of several high-tech companies, and a dining and recreational destination, owing to its luxury hospitality, wineries, and nature parks.
WSIG
WSIG (96.9 FM) is a gold-based country formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Mount Jackson, Virginia, serving the Central and Northern Shenandoah Valley. WSIG is owned and operated by Saga Communications, through licensee Tidewater Communications, LLC.

Mount Jackson, Virginia
Mount Jackson is a town in Shenandoah County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Mount Jackson had a population of 1,961.

For highway travelers passing by, Mount Jackson is easily identified from I-81 exit 273 by the water tower painted as a basket of apples, which was recently repainted. For those exploring off the highway, the town has history as a commercial and railroad hub in the region, with rich Civil War heritage and a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Bolshoy Cheremshan
Bolshoy Cheremshan (Russian: Большой Черемшан, lit. 'Greater Cheremshan'; Tatar: Олы Чирмешән; Chuvash: Мăн Çарăмсан) is a river in Russia, a left tributary of the Volga between the Kama and Samara. It is 336 kilometres (209 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 11,500 square kilometres (4,400 sq mi). It flows southwest to the Volga near Dimitrovgrad. The main inflows are the Bolshaya Sulcha and Maly Cheremshan. The maximal discharge is 1,660 cubic metres per second (59,000 cu ft/s) (1979), and the minimal mineralization is 600-800 mg/l. The riverbed is meandering and the meadows are wide. From around 1650 the Trans-Kama Line of forts ran along or near the Cheremshan.

Samara (Volga)
The Samara (Russian: Сама́ра, IPA: [sɐˈmarə]) is a river in Russia and a left-bank tributary of the Volga. It flows into the Volga at the city of Samara. Its largest tributary is the Bolshoy Kinel. It is 594 kilometres (369 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 46,500 square kilometres (18,000 sq mi).
Virginia and Truckee 12 Genoa
Virginia and Truckee Railroad 12, nicknamed Genoa, is a 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in January 1873 for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad (VT). it is one of three largely identical 4-4-0 locomotives built by Baldwin for the railroad, the others being the Reno and the Inyo, and one of four V&T 4-4-0's preserved (the aforementioned three and the Dayton).

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Mahardika Party
The Mahardika Party is a political party based in Mindanao, Philippines, which is affiliated with Nur Misuari, the founder of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). It is led by Nur's children and Bangsamoro Parliament members Abdulkarim and Nurredha Misuari.

Another MNLF associated party is the Bangsamoro Party of Muslimin Sema of the Executive Council of 15.

MNLF Executive Council of 15
The Moro National Liberation Front Executive Council of 15 (MNLF EC-15) is a faction of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in which the group of 15 leaders forged a unity agreement with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).  The agreement was signed in Kuala Lumpur and coincided with the Filipino President's visit. Muslimin Sema is the current chairman of the group. The government of the Philippines recognizes Sema along with Misuari as representatives of the MNLF despite the recognition of Nur Misuari as chairman by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, which the MNLF is an observer member to. Supposedly, Sema's group together with Habib Mudjahab Hashim's MNLF Islamic Command Council (ICC), somewhat agreed to reunite with the MNLF under Misuari.
Macchi MB1
The Macchi MB1, also called Macchitre (due to its three wheels), is a three-wheeled truck, designed by Ermanno Bazzocchi and produced starting from 1945 by the Italian company Aermacchi for the sector road transport. The vehicle is also known under the Bremach brand: a Bremach motorcycle after the Varese-based company, which then moved to the province of Brescia, acquired the production rights towards the end of the sixties.

Aermacchi
Aermacchi was an Italian aircraft manufacturer. Formerly known as Aeronautica Macchi, the company was founded in 1912 by Giulio Macchi at Varese in north-western Lombardy as Nieuport-Macchi, to build Nieuport monoplanes under licence for the Italian military. With a factory located on the shores of Lake Varese, the firm originally manufactured a series of Nieuport designs, as well as seaplanes.

After World War II, the company began producing motorcycles as a way to fill the post-war need for cheap, efficient transportation.

The company later specialised in civil and military pilot training aircraft. In July 2003, Aermacchi was integrated into the Finmeccanica Group (now Leonardo) as Alenia Aermacchi, which increased its shareholding to 99%.