hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andalusi agricultural corpus
The Andalusi agricultural corpus are texts of agronomic knowledge and sources for the history of agriculture in the Andalusi Iberian Peninsula. Agronomic advancement had deteriorated under Visigothic rule, but there are eight known agricultural treatises dating from the late 10th century to the mid 14th century, contributing to the Arab Agricultural Revolution. The Andalusi treatises follow the same pattern as Latin agronomic texts: a discussion of soil, water and manure followed by crop science, and sometimes notes on animal husbandry. Six of these are written between the 11th and 13th centuries.

The authors of this body of texts are Ibn al-Wafid, Ibn Hajjaj, Ibn Bassal, Abū l-Khayr, Ibn al-'Awwam, Al-Tighnari and Ibn Luyun.

Ibn Bassal
Ibn Bassal (Arabic: ابن بصال) was an 11th-century Andalusian Arab botanist and agronomist in Toledo and Seville, Spain who wrote about horticulture and arboriculture. He is best known for his book on agronomy, the Dīwān al-filāha (An Anthology of Husbandry).
Cytochemistry
Cytochemistry is the branch of cell biology dealing with the detection of cell constituents by means of biochemical analysis and visualization techniques. This is the study of the localization of cellular components through the use of staining methods. The term is also used to describe a process of identification of the biochemical content of cells. Cytochemistry is a science of localizing chemical components of cells and cell organelles on thin histological sections by using several techniques like enzyme localization, micro-incineration, micro-spectrophotometry, radioautography, cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry, etc.

Cryogenic electron microscopy
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed in the 1970s, advances in detector technology and software allow biomolecular structures to be imaged at near-atomic resolution. The approach has become a popular alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy in structural biology.

When scanning biological specimens, sample structure is preserved by embedding in vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane.

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Nature Methods also named cryo-EM as the "Method of the Year" in 2015.
N54 road (Ireland)
The N54 is a national secondary road in the Republic of Ireland connecting the towns of Monaghan and Cavan, crossing the Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border several times. It is in three sections, separated by two sections in Northern Ireland classified as parts of the A3.

N3 road (Ireland)
The N3 road is a national primary road in the Republic of Ireland, running between Dublin, Cavan and the border with County Fermanagh. The A509 and A46 roads in Northern Ireland form part of an overall route connecting to Enniskillen, and northwest to the border again where the N3 reappears to serve Ballyshannon in County Donegal.

Rush hour congestion between Navan and Dublin city was very heavy (up to 22,000 vehicles per day on single carriageway portions of the N3 in 2002), and problems occurred at most built-up areas between these points. A tolled motorway bypass replacement, the M3 motorway, was opened to traffic on 4 June 2010.

The former section from its junction with the M50 to Dublin city centre, as well as the bypassed section from Clonee to the border with County Cavan, have been reclassified as the R147 road.
Piano sonatas (Beethoven)
Ludwig van Beethoven wrote 32 mature piano sonatas between 1795 and 1822. (He also wrote 3 juvenile sonatas at the age of 13 and one unfinished sonata, WoO. 51.) Although originally not intended to be a meaningful whole, as a set they comprise one of the most important collections of works in the history of music. Hans von Bülow called them "The New Testament" of piano literature (Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier being "The Old Testament").

Beethoven's piano sonatas came to be seen as the first cycle of major piano pieces suited to both private and public performance. They form "a bridge between the worlds of the salon and the concert hall". The first person to play them all in a single concert cycle was Hans von Bülow; the first complete recording is Artur Schnabel's recordings for the label His Master's Voice.

Piano Sonata, WoO 51 (Beethoven)
The Piano Sonata, WoO 51, in C major (also called the Sonatina in C major), is an incomplete composition for piano by Ludwig van Beethoven, believed to have been composed before he left Bonn, that was discovered amongst Beethoven's papers following his death. The composition was not published until 1830 by F. P. Dunst in Frankfurt, with a dedication to Eleonore von Breuning, along with the piano trios WoO 38 and WoO 39.
2013 London Broncos season
The 2013 London Broncos season was the thirty-fourth in the club's history and their eighteenth season in the Super League. Competing in Super League XVIII, the club was coached by Tony Rea, finishing in 13th place and reaching the Semi-finals of the 2013 Challenge Cup.

It was the 18th season of the Super League era and their second since returning to the London Broncos name. They came within one match of the Challenge Cup final but finished the Super League season in second to last place.

Tony Rea
Tony Rea (born 25 July 1966) is an Australian professional rugby league football coach and a former head coach for Super League club, London Broncos. A former hooker, he played club football in the Brisbane Rugby League for Brothers, in the New South Wales Rugby League as captain of the North Sydney Bears, and in the Super League for the London Broncos, later becoming their coach. Rea also briefly coached Super Rugby team, the Brumbies before returning to London to coach the Broncos.
Pará (footballer, born 1986)
Marcos Rogério Ricci Lopes (born 14 February 1986), commonly known as Pará (Brazilian Portuguese: [pɐˈɾa]), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who plays as a right back. He currently plays in the amateur leagues in São Paulo.

Pará previously played for Santo André, Santos, Grêmio and Flamengo winning multiple titles such as Copa do Brasil and Copa Libertadores.

2004 Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil 2004 was the 16th staging of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on February 4, 2004 and concluded on June 30, 2004 with the second leg of the final, held at the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, in which Santo André lifted the trophy for the first time with a 2-0 victory over Flamengo.

Dauri, of 15 de Novembro, with 8 goals, was the competition's top goal scorer.
Diocese of Speyer
The Diocese of Speyer (Latin: Dioecesis Spirensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Germany.  The diocese is located in the South of the Rhineland-Palatinate and comprises also the Saarpfalz district in the east of the Saarland.  The bishop's see is in the Palatinate city of Speyer.

The current bishop is Karl-Heinz Wiesemann.

As of 31 December 2022, 32.3% of the population of the diocese was Catholic.

Saarpfalz-Kreis
Saarpfalz (Saar-Palatinate) is a Kreis (district) in the south-east of the Saarland, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Saarbrücken, Neunkirchen, Kusel, Kaiserslautern, Südwestpfalz, district-free Zweibrücken, and the French département Moselle in Lorraine.
Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau
Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau (ITIB) is a policy bureau of the Government of Hong Kong. It is responsible for policy matters on the development of innovation and technology and information technology which are the key drivers in this endeavour. The Bureau is led by the Secretary for Innovation, Technology and Industry, currently Dong Sun.

The Bureau includes an Innovation, Technology and Industry Branch and oversees the operation of the Innovation and Technology Commission, the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer and the Efficiency Office.

Lok Ma Chau Loop
22°31′15.64″N 114°4′49.6″E﻿ / ﻿22.5210111°N 114.080444°E﻿ / 22.5210111; 114.080444

The Lok Ma Chau Loop is a small piece of riverside land transferred to Hong Kong by Mainland China on 3 January 2017. It is the proposed development site for the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Innovation and Technology Park.
Rhinestone (film)
Rhinestone is a 1984 American musical comedy film directed by Bob Clark from a screenplay by Sylvester Stallone and Phil Alden Robinson and starring Stallone, Dolly Parton, Richard Farnsworth and Ron Leibman. It is based on the 1975 hit song "Rhinestone Cowboy" written by Larry Weiss. Although a critical and financial failure, the film spawned two top 10 country hits for Parton on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

Creative Artists Agency
Creative Artists Agency, LLC (CAA) is an American talent and sports agency based in Los Angeles, California.

In September 2023, French billionaire François-Henri Pinault completed the acquisition of a majority stake in CAA, in an agreement valued at 7 billion dollars. The purchase was made through his investment company, Groupe Artémis.
Eduard Kolmanovsky
Eduard Savelievich Kolmanovsky (Russian: Эдуа́рд Саве́льевич Колмано́вский; 9 January 1923 – 27 July 1994) was a Soviet and Russian composer. He was awarded a USSR State Prize in 1984 and named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1991. A large part of his songs are dedicated to the themes of patriotic consciousness and civic awareness. Among them are:  I Love You, Life  (1958),  Do the Russians Want War?  (1961),  Alyosha  (1966).

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Koffler Student Centre
The Koffler Student Centre is a building of the University of Toronto on its St. George campus, located at 214 College Street, Toronto. The centre houses a number of different student services, including the St. George location of the University of Toronto Bookstore, Career Centre, and health clinic. The ornate building is located at the northwest corner of St. George and College streets in a building that was formerly the home of the Toronto Reference Library.

Despite its name, the main student centre on the St. George campus and home to the University of Toronto Students' Union is Student Commons, located at 230 College Street.

University of Toronto Students' Union
Students' Administrative Council of the University of Toronto, Inc., branded as the University of Toronto Students' Union (UTSU), is an elected representative body for full-time undergraduate students at the University of Toronto's St. George campus.

The UTSU is one of the five primary students' unions at the University of Toronto and partnered with other four: the University of Toronto Mississauga Students' Union, Scarborough Campus Students' Union, Association of Part-time Undergraduate Students, and University of Toronto Graduate Students' Union. It is also affiliated as Local 98 of the Canadian Federation of Students (CFS).
2011 Southern League season
The 2011 Southern League was a Class AA baseball season played between April 7 and September 5. Ten teams played a 140-game schedule, with the top team in each division in each half of the season qualifying for the post-season.

The Mobile BayBears won the Southern League championship, defeating the Tennessee Smokies in the playoffs.

Mobile BayBears
The Mobile BayBears were a Minor League Baseball team based in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The team, which played in the Southern League, served as the Double-A affiliate of the San Diego Padres (1997–2006), Arizona Diamondbacks (2007–2016), and Los Angeles Angels (2017–2019). The BayBears played in Hank Aaron Stadium, which opened in 1997 and is named after baseball's former all-time home run record holder and Mobile native Hank Aaron.

In 2020, the BayBears relocated to Madison, Alabama, where they are now called the Rocket City Trash Pandas.
MSC Cruises
MSC Cruises S.A. (Italian: MSC Crociere, French: MSC Croisières, German: MSC Kreuzfahrten) is a Swiss-Italian global cruise line based in Geneva, with operations offices in Naples, Genoa and Venice. It was founded in 1988 in Naples, Italy, as part of the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). In addition to being the world's largest privately held cruise company, employing about 23,500 people worldwide and with offices in 45 countries as of 2017, MSC Cruises is the third-largest cruise company in the world, after Carnival Corporation & plc and Royal Caribbean Group, with a 10% share of all passengers carried in 2025.

Carnival Corporation & plc
Carnival Corporation & plc is an Anglo-American cruise line operator that owns more than 90 vessels across eight brands.

A dual-listed company, Carnival is composed of the Panama-incorporated, U.S.-headquartered Carnival Corporation, and UK-based Carnival plc, which function as one entity. Carnival Corporation is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and Carnival plc on the London Stock Exchange with an ADR listing on the NYSE. Carnival is listed in the S&P 500 and FTSE 250 indices.

Carnival Corporation's operational headquarters are in Doral, Florida. Carnival plc's headquarters are in Southampton, England.
Clarens Formation
The Clarens Formation is a geological formation found in several localities in Lesotho and in the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Eastern Cape provinces in South Africa. It is the uppermost of the three formations found in the Stormberg Group of the greater Karoo Supergroup rocks and represents the final phase of preserved sedimentation of the Karoo Basin.

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
Kernel preemption
In computer operating system design, kernel preemption is a property possessed by some kernels, in which the CPU can be interrupted in the middle of executing kernel code and assigned other tasks (from which it later returns to finish its kernel tasks).

Scheduling (computing)
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The tasks may be threads, processes or data flows.

The scheduling activity is carried out by a mechanism called a scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all computer resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality-of-service.

Scheduling is fundamental to computation itself, and an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system; the concept of scheduling makes it possible to have computer multitasking with a single central processing unit (CPU).
2. Bundesliga Süd (1974–1981)
The 2. Bundesliga Süd was the second-highest level of the West German football league system in the south of West Germany from its introduction in 1974 until the formation of the single-division 2. Bundesliga in 1981. It covered the southern states of Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and Bavaria.

Hessenliga
The Hessenliga (until 2008 Oberliga Hessen) is the highest football league in the state of Hesse and the Hessian football league system. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier.
Mohair berets
"Mohair berets" (Polish: moherowe berety) is a tongue-in-cheek expression that stands for people who support the views expressed by the Polish conservative-nationalistic Catholic movement, whose main representative is Father Tadeusz Rydzyk. This expression originated from the characteristic headgear worn by the stereotypical representatives of this circle.

League of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families (Polish: Liga Polskich Rodzin, pronounced [ˈli.ɡa ˈpɔl.skix ˈrɔ.d͡ʑin], LPR) is a social conservative political party in Poland, with many far-right elements in the past. The party's original ideology was that of the National Democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however, in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage.

It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński until the latter dissolved in September 2007. In the 2007 parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist.

The All-Polish Youth used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations.
Historiography of early Islam
The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, 
and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century.

Muslims developed methodologies such as the "science of biography" and the "science of hadith" to evaluate the reliability of these narratives, while prominent figures like Ibn Khaldun introduced critical historiographical methods, emphasizing the importance of context and the systematic evaluation of historical data.

Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn
Al-Mustadrak 'ala al-Sahihayn (Arabic: المستدرك على الصحيحين) or Mustadrak Al Hakim (Arabic: مستدرك الحاكم) is a five volume hadith collection written by Hakim al-Nishapuri (Nishapur is located in Iran). He wrote it in the year AH 393 (1002–1003 CE), when he was 72 years old.
Toma Barbu Socolescu
Toma Gheorghe Barbu Socolescu (born July 10, 1909, in Ploiești, Romania, and died July 21, 1977, in Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian architect, son of Toma T. Socolescu and grandson of Toma N. Socolescu. A functionalist against his will, he was compelled to conform to the directives of communist Romania.

Făgăraș
Făgăraș (Romanian pronunciation: [fəɡəˈraʃ]; German: Fogarasch, Fugreschmarkt, Hungarian: Fogaras) is a city in central Romania, located in Brașov County. It lies on the river Olt and has a population of 26,284 as of 2021. It is situated in the historical region of Transylvania, and is the main city of a subregion, Țara Făgărașului.
Bad Hönningen
Bad Hönningen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhœnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 15 km (10 mi) northwest of Neuwied, and 30 km (20 mi) southeast of Bonn.

Bad Hönningen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Bad Hönningen.
The town contains three other districts called Ariendorf, Girgenrath and Reidenbruch.

Neuwied
Neuwied (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈviːt] ⓘ, lit. 'New Wied') is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the District of Neuwied. Neuwied lies on the east bank of the Rhine, 12 km northwest of Koblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. The town has 13 suburban administrative districts: Heimbach-Weis, Gladbach, Engers, Oberbieber, Niederbieber, Torney, Segendorf, Altwied, Block, Irlich, Feldkirchen, Heddesdorf and Rodenbach. The largest is Heimbach-Weis, with approximately 8000 inhabitants.
Ali Khalil
Ali Khalil (Arabic: على خليل; born 28 November 1952) is an Egyptian football coach and a former professional footballer who played as a striker. He was one of the most iconic Egyptian football players in the 1970s and one of its greatest strikers. Khalil spent his entire football career with Zamalek. Nicknamed "Dangerous Ali", he was the Egyptian Premier League's top scorer for two times in the 1976–77 and 1978–79 seasons. He represented Egypt in three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.

A prolific goal scorer, he played for his country a total of 33 international matches, scoring 23 goals. Despite his relatively short career, retiring at 28, Khalil still maintains his popularity despite his absence from his country over the past decades. After retirement from professional football in 1980, he moved to the Gulf Area and coached youth football teams. He is now a global expert in the field of training youth players.

1977–78 Egyptian Premier League
The 1977–78 Egyptian Premier League, was the 21st season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 17 September 1977 and concluded on 2 April 1978.
Zamalek won the league for the 4th time in the club's history.
Jeryan Jenaihat
Jeryan Jenaihat (Arabic: جريان جنيحات, romanized: Jiryān Junayḩāt) is a district in Qatar located in the municipality of Al Daayen.

Al Kharaitiyat in Umm Salal Municipality is to the west while Wadi Al Banat is to the east. Other nearby districts include Al Ebb to the south and Al Kheesa to the northeast.

Wadi Al Banat
Wadi Al Banat (Arabic: وادي البنات, romanized: Wādī al Banāt) is a district in Qatar, geographically located in the municipality of Al Daayen but also a census-designated district of Doha. It is situated near the borders with Doha Municipality and Umm Salal Municipality.
Jorhat district
Jorhat district (pron: ˈʤɔ:(r)ˌhɑ:t) is an administrative district of the Indian state of Assam situated in the central part of the Brahmaputra Valley. The district is bounded by Majuli on north, Nagaland state on the south, Sivasagar on the east and Golaghat on the west. On the north of the district, the river Brahmaputra forms the largest riverine island of the world. The administrative seat is at Jorhat city.

Jorhat was previously a sub-division of undivided Sibsagar district. In 1983, Jorhat was carved out of Sibsagar District and was made a separate district.

Golaghat district
Golaghat district (Pron:ˌgəʊləˈgɑ:t) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India.  It attained district status in 1987. The district headquarters are located at Golaghat. The district occupies an area of3,502 km2 (1,352 sq mi) and lies 100 metres (330 ft) above sea level.