hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moffatt eddies
Moffatt eddies are sequences of eddies that develop in corners bounded by plane walls (or sometimes between a wall and a free surface) due to an arbitrary disturbance acting at asymptotically large distances from the corner. Although the source of motion is the arbitrary disturbance at large distances, the eddies develop quite independently and thus solution of these eddies emerges from an eigenvalue problem, a self-similar solution of the second kind.

The eddies are named after Keith Moffatt, who discovered these eddies in 1964, although some of the results were already obtained by William Reginald Dean and P. E. Montagnon in 1949. Lord Rayleigh also studied the problem of flow near the corner with homogeneous boundary conditions in 1911. Moffatt eddies inside cones are solved by P. N. Shankar.

Eddy (fluid dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, an eddy  is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is naturally observed behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers.

An eddy is a movement of fluid that deviates from the general flow of the fluid. An example for an eddy is a vortex which produces such deviation. However, there are other types of eddies that are not simple vortices. For example, a Rossby wave is an eddy which is an undulation that is a deviation from mean flow, but does not have the local closed streamlines of a vortex.
Llama Firearms
Llama Firearms, officially known as  Llama-Gabilondo y Cia SA, was a Spanish arms company founded in 1904 under the name Gabilondo and Urresti. Its headquarters were in Eibar in the Basque Country, Spain, but they also had workshops during different times in Elgoibar and Vitoria. The company manufactured  moderate-priced revolvers and  self-chambering pistols in a wide variety of models. These were popular mainly in the European and Latin American export market, as well as domestically in Spain.

Eibar
Eibar (Basque: Eibar, Spanish: Éibar) is a city and municipality in north Spain, within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Autonomous Community of Euskadi. It is the capital of the eskualde / comarca of Debabarrena.

Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants (Eustat, 2018). Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and the city has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved small arms. It was also the home of Serveta scooters.

It is home to the SD Eibar football team.
Chromosome instability syndrome
Chromosome instability syndromes are a group of inherited conditions associated with chromosomal instability and breakage. They often lead to an increased tendency to develop certain types of malignancies.

The following chromosome instability syndromes are known:

Ataxia telangiectasia

Ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder

Bloom syndrome

Fanconi anaemia

Nijmegen breakage syndrome

Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder causing chromosomal instability, probably as a result of a defect in the double Holliday junction DNA repair mechanism and/or the synthesis dependent strand annealing mechanism for repairing double strand breaks in DNA (see Homologous recombination).

NBS1 codes for a protein (nibrin) that has two major functions: (1) to stop the cell cycle in the S phase, when there are errors in the cell DNA (2) to interact with FANCD2 that can activate the BRCA1/BRCA2 pathway of DNA repair. This explains why mutations in the NBS1 gene lead to higher levels of cancer (see Fanconi anemia, Cockayne syndrome.)

The name derives from the Dutch city Nijmegen, where the condition was first described.

Most people with NBS have West Slavic origins. The largest number of them live in Poland.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar, 570 U.S. 338 (2013), was a Supreme Court of the United States case involving the standard of proof required for a retaliation claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Court held that while Title VII applies a mixed motive discrimination framework to claims of discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2), that framework did not apply to claims of retaliation under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3. The Court reasoned that based on its decision in Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. and on common law principles of tort law, the plaintiff was required to show that a retaliatory motive was the "but for" cause of the adverse employment action.

Title 42 of the United States Code
Title 42 of the United States Code is the  United States Code dealing with public health, social welfare, and civil rights. Parts of Title 42 which formerly related to the US space program have been transferred to Title 51.
St Andrew and St Mary's Church, Stoke Rochford
St Andrew and St Mary's Church is a Grade I listed Church of England parish church dedicated to Saint Andrew and Saint Mary, in the parish of Easton and the village of Stoke Rochford, Lincolnshire, England. The church is 5 miles (8 km) south from Grantham, and at the western side of the Lincolnshire Vales in South Kesteven.

St Andrew and St Mary's is significant for its association with, and memorials to, the Easton Hall Cholmeley and the Stoke Rochford Hall Turnor families.

The church is in the ecclesiastical parish of Stoke Rochford with Easton, and is part of the Colsterworth Group of Parishes in the Deanery of Loveden and the Diocese of Lincoln. Other churches in the same group are St John the Baptist's, Colsterworth; St James’, Skillington; Holy Cross, Great Ponton; and St Cuthlac's, Little Ponton. St Andrew and St Mary's is within the Stoke Rochford conservation area.

Stoke Rochford
Stoke Rochford is a small English village and civil parish 5.5 miles (9 km) south of Grantham in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire. The population at the time of the 2011 census was 230 (including Easton). It has two notable Grade I listed buildings: Stoke Rochford Hall and the doubly dedicated St Mary and St Andrew's Church.
Westisle Composite High School
Westisle Composite High School is a Canadian secondary school in, Rosebank, Prince County, Prince Edward Island.

Established in 1979, Westisle provides education for 10th to 12th grade students in the western part of the county.  The school is administratively part of the Public Schools Branch, and as of 2009 has an estimated student population of approximately 600. Westisle receives its students from two separate intermediate schools, Merritt E. Callaghan Intermediate School and Hernewood Intermediate School.

Merritt E. Callaghan Intermediate School
Merritt E. Callaghan Intermediate School is an intermediate school providing education for 7th to 9th grade students in the Tignish, Alberton, St. Louis, and Miminegash areas of western Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of the Public Schools Branch of PEI. The school is named after the late Merritt Edwin Callaghan, a former educator.
2007 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2007 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 24th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship began on 27 May 2007 and ended on 25 August 2007.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clare in the Munster quarter-final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 25 August 2007 at Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Wexford and Waterford, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Wexford won the match by 1-11 to 1-09 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title since 2005.

Waterford's Shane Casey was the championship's top scorer with 5-13.

2006 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2006 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 23rd staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship began on 14 May 2006 and ended on 26 August 2006.

Wexford entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kilkenny in the Leinster final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 26 August 2006 at Fraher Field in Dungarvan, between Cork and Kilkenny, in what was their first meeting in the final in two years. Cork won the match by 3-15 to 1-18 to claim their sixth championship title overall and a first title since 2004.

Kilkenny's Eddie O'Donoghue was the championship's top scorer with 0-23.
2025 Monastir Open
The 2025 Monastir Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Monastir, Tunisia between 27 October and 2 November 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Ralph D. Hough
Ralph Degnan Hough (born May 21, 1943) is an American politician who served as acting governor of New Hampshire for roughly a week in January 1993. Though now a registered Democrat, he was a Republican during his time in state government.

Hough was born in Hanover, New Hampshire in 1943. He served as President of the New Hampshire Senate from 1993 to 1994. Governor Judd Gregg resigned from office January 2, 1993, in order to take his seat in the United States Senate. Governor-elect Steve Merrill's term as governor did not begin until January 7 in accordance to the Constitution of New Hampshire, therefore Hough, as first in line of succession to the gubernatorial powers and duties, served as acting governor for five days. In 1994, he was defeated for re-nomination to his senate seat in the Republican primary by Jim Rubens.

Steve Merrill
Stephen Everett Merrill (June 21, 1946 – September 5, 2020) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Manchester, New Hampshire. He served as the 77th governor of New Hampshire from 1993 to 1997.
1981 Seiko Hong Kong Classic – Doubles
Ferdi Taygan and Peter Fleming were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Taygan chose to compete at Stockholm during the same week, finishing as runner-up alongside Sherwood Stewart.

Chris Mayotte and Chris Dunk won the title by defeating Marty Davis and Brad Drewett 6–4, 7–6 in the final.

1981 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Heinz Günthardt and Paul McNamee were the defending champions, but McNamee did not participate this year.  Günthardt partnered Balázs Taróczy, losing in the first round.

Kevin Curren and Steve Denton won the title, defeating Sherwood Stewart and Ferdi Taygan 6–7, 6–4, 6–0 in the final.
Il corsaro
Il corsaro (The Corsair) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, from a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on Lord Byron's 1814 poem The Corsair. The first performance was given at the Teatro Grande in Trieste on 25 October 1848.

Roger Parker
Roger Parker (born London United Kingdom, 2 August 1951) is an English musicologist who was previously Thurston Dart Professor of Music at King's College London.
His work has centred on opera. Between 2006 and 2010, while Professor of Music at Gresham College, London, Parker presented four series of free public lectures, one example being "Verdi and Milan" in 2007 which is available on video.

In addition to teaching, Parker has been active as joint editor in the preparation of critical editions of the work of 19th-century Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti for the Milan publishing house Ricordi.  He also acts as Repertory Consultant to the UK's specialised recording company, Opera Rara, which has commissioned performances and recordings of rare Donizetti operas such as Belisario in 2012 and Les Martyrs in 2014. Additionally, Parker has presented talks on UK radio on aspects of opera, including his talk  "Verdi 200: Viva Verdi" on BBC Radio 3 on 6 January and 13 October 2013.
Audi R8 (LMP)
The Audi R8 is a Le Mans Prototype sports-prototype race car introduced in 2000 for sports car racing as a redevelopment of their Audi R8R (open-top LMP) and Audi R8C (closed-top LMGTP) used in 1999. In its class, it is one of the most successful racing sports cars having won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2005, five of the six years it competed in total. Its streak of Le Mans victories between 2000 and 2005 was broken only in 2003 by the Bentley Speed 8, another race car fielded that year by Volkswagen Group.

The petrol-powered Audi R8 race car was in 2006 replaced by the new Audi R10 TDI Diesel; however, the need to further develop the R10 meant that the R8 saw action in a few races leading up to the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

A total of 16 chassis were built.

American Le Mans Series
The American Le Mans Series (ALMS) was a sports car racing series based in the United States and Canada. It consisted of a series of endurance and sprint races, and was created in the spirit of the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

The American Le Mans' headquarters was in Braselton, Georgia, adjacent to Road Atlanta.

In 2014, the series merged with the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series to form the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
1986 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1986 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 50th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Wednesday, January 1. Part of the 1985–86 bowl game season, it matched the sixteenth-ranked Auburn Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Texas A&M Aggies of the Southwest Conference (SWC). A slight underdog, Texas A&M won by twenty points, 36–16.

1985–86 NCAA football bowl games
The 1985–86 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1985 and January 1986 to end the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. A total of 18 team-competitive games, and two all-star games, were played. The post-season began with the California Bowl on December 14, 1985, and concluded on January 18, 1986, with the season-ending Senior Bowl.
19th Army (German Empire)
The 19th Army (German: 19. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 19 / A.O.K. 19) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I.  It was formed in France on 4 February 1918 from the former South Army command.  It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 24 January 1919.

South Army (German Empire)
The South Army (German: Südarmee / Armeeoberkommando Süd / A.O.K. Süd) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on 11 January 1915 to fight against Russia and served exclusively on the Eastern Front. It was dissolved on 25 January 1918.
SecondStreet.org
SecondStreet.org is a federally registered charitable organization and free-market public policy think tank in Canada.

The organization derives its name from "Second Street," the most common street name in Canada. SecondStreet.org aims to tell stories of how government policies affect "everyday Canadians".

Research by SecondStreet.org focuses on government policy, and includes the effectiveness of government operations (for example, as indicated by healthcare wait-times).
SecondStreet.org communicates its findings through research reports, newspaper articles, media interviews, and videos.

SecondStreet.org is headquartered in Regina with staff and contributors based across Canada.

Canada Strong and Free Network
The Canada Strong and Free Network (formerly the Manning Centre for Building Democracy (MCBD) or Manning Centre) based in Calgary, Alberta, is a not-for-profit political advocacy group that was established in 2005 by Preston Manning to promote conservative principles. It was known for the annual "high-profile" Manning Networking Conference (MNC). The Manning Centre operates the for-profit think tank the Manning Foundation, which undertakes some research and analysis, while the Manning Centre self-describes as a "do-tank", that focuses on advocacy, training and networking events for conservatives.
2022 Egyptian Super Cup
The 2022 Egyptian Super Cup was the 19th Egyptian Super Cup, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Egyptian Premier League and Egypt Cup. The match is usually contested by the winners of the Premier League and the Egypt Cup, but since Zamalek won the double (2020–21 Egyptian Premier League and 2020–21 Egypt Cup), Al Ahly qualified by default as the runners-up of the cup. The match was played on 28 October 2022 and for the fifth time in the United Arab Emirates at the Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi. Al Ahly won the match 2–0.

2020–21 Egypt Cup
The 2020–21 Egypt Cup was the 89th edition of the oldest recognised football tournament in Africa. It is sponsored by Tiger Chips, and known as the Tiger Egypt Cup for sponsorship purposes. It started with the First Preliminary Round on 12 January 2021, and concluded with the final on  21 July 2022.

Egyptian Premier League side Al Ahly are the defending champions, having defeated Tala'ea El Gaish in the final.

The competition was originally scheduled to start in November 2020, but was postponed to early 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt.
MTV Vietnam
MTV Vietnam was a music channel owned by Paramount Networks EMEAA, a division of Paramount Global and UTV Corporation, a division of BHD Group and was under management of Vietnam Television until 2015 when IMC became the manager of MTV Vietnam. The network featured domestic and international pop music along with music news features and limited reality television programming subtitled into Vietnamese.

MTV Vietnam ceased its broadcasting on January 1, 2023.

Geordie Shore
Geordie Shore is a British reality television series broadcast on MTV. It debuted on 24 May 2011, and is the British spin-off of the American series Jersey Shore. Set in Newcastle upon Tyne, the show follows the daily lives of a group of young participants. As of 2026, Geordie Shore has aired 26 series, making it one of MTV’s longest-running reality formats. Episodes have also been released on Paramount+ in the United Kingdom alongside MTV UK.
Holand, Sortland
Holand is a village in Sortland Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the island of Langøya along the Sortlandssundet strait, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the town of Sortland and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of the village of Bø.

Sortlandssundet
Sortlandssundet (Norwegian) or Suorttánuorri (Northern Sami) (lit. 'Sortland Sound') is a strait or sound in Sortland Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It separates the islands of Langøya and Hinnøya and it connects the Hadselfjorden in the south and the Gavlfjorden in the north.  The Sortland Bridge is the only bridge that crosses the 30-kilometre (19 mi) long strait.
2013–14 UEFA Europa League knockout phase
The knockout phase of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League began on 20 February and concluded on 14 May 2014 with the final at Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy. A total of 32 teams competed in the knockout phase.

Times up to 29 March 2014 (round of 16) were CET (UTC+1), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times were CEST (UTC+2).

2013–14 UEFA Europa League
The 2013–14 UEFA Europa League was the 43rd season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the fifth season under its current title.

The final was played between Sevilla and Benfica at the Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy, which was won by Sevilla on penalties, giving them a record-equalling third UEFA Cup/Europa League title. Chelsea could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League and also reached the knockout stage.
Muttalib ibn Abdallah ibn Malik
Muttalib ibn Abdallah ibn Malik al-Khuza'i (Arabic: مطلب بن عبدالله بن مالك الخزاعي) was a son of the Abbasid general and administrator Abdallah ibn Malik al-Khuza'i. During the civil war between al-Amin and al-Ma'mun, he sided with the latter.

In 811, he administered the oath of allegiance (bay'ah) to al-Ma'mun for Mosul, and was named governor of Egypt briefly in 813 and again from 814 to 816. In 817, however, after al-Ma'mun chose the Alid Ali al-Rida as his heir, Muttalib joined the uprising in Baghdad against al-Ma'mun, and even administered the oath to the city's rival Caliph, Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi.

Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī (Arabic: إبراهيم بن المهدي; 779–839) was an Abbasid prince, singer, composer and poet. He was the son of the third Abbasid caliph, al-Mahdi, and the half-brother of the poet and musician Ulayya. Ibrahim was contemporary of Abbasid caliph al-Hadi, al-Rashid and his three nephews caliph al-Amin, al-Ma'mun, al-Mu'tasim.
Oshane
Oshane (Bulgarian: Ошане) is a village in Vidin Province in northwestern Bulgaria. It is located in the municipality of Belogradchik. It is located near a lake and a river runs through it. At five kilometers is the Magura Cave.

Magura Cave
The Magura Cave (Bulgarian "пещера Магура") is located in north-western Bulgaria close to the village of Rabisha, 25 km (16 mi) from the town of Belogradchik in Vidin Province.

The prehistoric wall paintings of Magura have great resemblance with those of the Grotta dei Cervi in Italy, which are of exceptional expression and artistic depth and are considered the most significant works of art of the European Post-Paleolithic era.

Guided visits are conducted by the staff of Belogradchik municipality, to which the management of the cave was transferred in 2012 by the Bulgarian Council of Ministers.

In 1984, the site was inducted into UNESCO's tentative list of World Heritage.
1934 International League season
The 1934 International League was a Class AA baseball season played between April 18 and September 9. Eight teams played a 154-game schedule, with the top four teams qualifying for the post-season.

The Toronto Maple Leafs won the Governors' Cup, defeating the Rochester Red Wings in the final round of the playoffs.

Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)
The Toronto Maple Leafs were a high-level minor league baseball club located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which played from 1896 to 1967.

While the Maple Leafs had working agreements with numerous Major League Baseball clubs after the introduction of farm systems in the 1930s, they achieved great success as an unaffiliated club during the 1950s, when they were the strongest team on the field and in attendance in the Triple-A International League. The 1902, 1918, 1920, 1926, and 1960 teams were recognized as being among the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.

Toronto was without professional baseball from 1968 to 1976, when the American League added the Toronto Blue Jays via the 1977 Major League Baseball expansion.