hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dévissage
In algebraic geometry, dévissage is a technique introduced by Alexander Grothendieck for proving statements about coherent sheaves on Noetherian schemes. Dévissage is an adaptation of a certain kind of Noetherian induction. It has many applications, including the proof of generic flatness and the proof that higher direct images of coherent sheaves under proper morphisms are coherent.

Laurent Gruson and Michel Raynaud extended this concept to the relative situation, that is, to the situation where the scheme under consideration is not necessarily noetherian, but instead admits a finitely presented morphism to another scheme. They did this by defining an object called a relative dévissage which is well-suited to certain kinds of inductive arguments. They used this technique to give a new criterion for a module to be flat. As a consequence, they were able to simplify and generalize the results of EGA IV 11 on descent of flatness.

The word dévissage is French for unscrewing.

Descent (mathematics)
In mathematics, the idea of descent extends the intuitive idea of 'gluing' in topology. Since the topologists' glue is the use of equivalence relations on topological spaces, the theory starts with some ideas on identification.
2026 ATP Hong Kong Tennis Open
The 2026 ATP Hong Kong Tennis Open (also known as the Bank of China Hong Kong Tennis Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 30th edition of the ATP Hong Kong Open, and part of the ATP 250 tournaments on the 2026 ATP Tour. It took place at the Victoria Park Tennis Stadium in Hong Kong, from 5 to 11 January 2026.

Hong Kong Open (tennis)
The Hong Kong Open is a professional tennis tournament played annually at the Victoria Park Centre Court in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong.
The men's tournament is named the Bank of China Hong Kong Tennis Open, an ATP 250 tournament leading up to the Australian Open, and is held in early January every year starting in 2024. 
The women's tournament is named the Prudential Hong Kong Tennis Open, a WTA 250 tournament, and is held in early October every year starting in 2014.

The Hong Kong Tennis Open was previously named the Salem Open that began in 1973 and discontinued in 2002. After a 21-year absence, the men's tournament resumed in January 2024. The women's tournament commenced in 1980 and was discontinued two years later. In 1993, the tournament returned for one year before being discontinued until 2014 where it has become a permanent fixture of the Asian swing on the WTA Tour.
St. Laurence High School
St. Laurence High School is a co-educational, STEM-based high school founded in 1961. Located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, the school is conducted by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and is named for the Irish Saint Laurence O'Toole.

The school is located in the southwest Chicago suburb of Burbank, Illinois, adjacent to the property of the former Queen of Peace High School, a private, all-female Catholic high school that closed in 2017. St. Laurence became co-ed beginning with the 2017–2018 school year after Queen of Peace closed.

Archdiocese of Chicago
The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. The Vatican erected it as a diocese in 1843 and elevated it to an archdiocese in 1880. Cardinal Blase Joseph Cupich is the archbishop. The cathedral parish for the archdiocese is Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago.

The archdiocese serves over 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). It is the metropolitan see of the province of Chicago.
1999 Hertsmere Borough Council election
The 1999 Hertsmere Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Hertsmere Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1998. The Conservative party gained overall control of the council from the Labour party.

1999 United Kingdom local elections
The 1999 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 6 May 1999. All Scottish and Welsh unitary authorities had all their seats elected. In England a third of the seats on each of the metropolitan boroughs were elected along with elections in many of the unitary authorities and district councils.  There were no local elections in Northern Ireland.

The elections saw Labour, now in their second year of government, suffer a setback as the opposition Conservatives gained ground. The councils up for election had last been contested in 1995, which saw Labour achieve record gains and the Conservatives lose over 2,000 seats.
Morley (name)
Morley is both a surname and a given name. The name is toponymic, derived from several places in the United Kingdom —from the Old English words "mor" ("marsh"), and "le-ah" ("a clearing in the woods"). Notable people with the name include:

Frank Morley
Frank Morley (September 9, 1860 – October 17, 1937) was a leading mathematician, known mostly for his teaching and research in the fields of algebra and geometry. Among his mathematical accomplishments was the discovery and proof of the celebrated Morley's trisector theorem in elementary plane geometry.

He led 50 Ph.D. students, including Clara Latimer Bacon, to their degrees, and was said to be

... one of the more striking figures of the relatively small group of men who initiated that development which, within his own lifetime, brought Mathematics in America from a minor position to its present place in the sun.
Liam Walker
Liam Walker (born 13 April 1988) is a Gibraltarian footballer who recently played as a midfielder for Gibraltar Football League side Europa and the Gibraltar national team.

Walker spent most of his career with lower-league Spanish clubs and in the Gibraltar Premier Division. He has also played in England with Football League sides Portsmouth and Notts County, and in the Israeli Premier League with Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv.

Walker made his international debut for Gibraltar in November 2013, during their first official match. He is Gibraltar's most capped player and all-time top goalscorer, with seven goals.

2016–17 Gibraltar Premier Division
The 2016–17 Gibraltar Premier Division (known as the Argus Insurance Premier Division for sponsorship reasons) was the 118th season of the national amateur and semi-professional football league in Gibraltar since its establishment - the highest level of football in Gibraltar. The league was contested by ten clubs, the top eight clubs from last season and two promoted clubs from 2015–16 Gibraltar Second Division. Lincoln Red Imps were the reigning champions, sealing a record 22nd title last season. The season began on 21 September 2016 and ended on 22 May 2017. Europa won the title, ending Lincoln's 14 title run and winning their first title since 1952.
2022–23 Iraqi Third Division League
The 2022–23 Iraqi Third Division League was the 49th season of what is now called the Iraqi Second Division League, the fourth tier of the Iraqi football league system, since its establishment in 1974. The number of clubs in the league have varied throughout history for various reasons; 120 clubs participated in this year's edition. The top 38 teams in the league were promoted directly to Iraqi Second Division League. There is no general date for the start of the league, but each subsidiary football association chooses the best time to start the league in their region.

Iraqi football league system
The Iraqi football league system, also known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in Iraq. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation across leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the theoretical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. There are 5 individual levels; the top flight is governed by the Iraqi Pro League Association, while the other divisions are run by the Iraq Football Association (IFA).
Battle of Pecos River
The Battle of Pecos River was fought in 1864 during the Navajo Wars. United States Army troops and Apache Scouts defeated a force of Navajo warriors next to the Pecos River in New Mexico. It is notable for being one of the many Indian war battles involving the California Column.

Navajo Wars
The term Navajo Wars covers at least three distinct periods of conflict in the American West: the Navajo against the Spanish (late 16th century through 1821); the Navajo against the Mexican government (1821 through 1848); and the Navajo (Diné) against the United States (after the 1847–48 Mexican–American War). These conflicts ranged from small-scale raiding to large expeditions mounted by governments into territory controlled by the Navajo. The Navajo Wars also encompass the widespread raiding that took place throughout the period; the Navajo raided other tribes and nearby settlements, who in return raided into Navajo territory, creating a cycle of raiding that perpetuated the conflict.
Kaikohe railway station
Kaikohe railway station was a station on the Okaihau Branch in Kaikohe, New Zealand.

The station was opened on 22 April 1914 and closed for passengers on 21 June 1976, freight on 10 March 1987 and fully on 1 November 1987.

Okaihau Branch
The Okaihau Branch, sometimes known as the Kaikohe Branch and rarely the Rangiahua Branch, was a branch line railway that joined the North Auckland Line of the national rail network of New Zealand at Otiria. It was the most northerly line in New Zealand and was intended to run all the way to Kaitaia. It opened to Ōkaihau in 1923 and closed in 1987.
Having a Party (Chips album)
Having a Party is a 1982 studio album from Swedish group Chips. It was released in May 1982. The album sold more than 100 000 copies in Sweden, both gold and platinum. Back in those days, the demands for selling gold and platinum were higher than as of today (2006). Gold was at least 50 000 and platinum was at least 100 000.

Dag efter dag
"Dag efter dag" (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈdɑː(ɡ) ɛftɛ ˈɖɑː(ɡ)]; "Day after day") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips (Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen) won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with it. Chips, as Swedish representatives, finished eighth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982.

On 18 April 1982 the song reached first place on Svensktoppen, where it stayed for nine rounds. On 13 June 1982 the song was the last to be number one on Svensktoppen, before the program was removed the first time. Chips also recorded the song with lyrics in English, "Day after Day".
2019 Drydene 400
The 2019 Drydene 400 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on October 6, 2019 at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Contested over 400 laps on the one-mile (1.6  km) concrete speedway, it was the 30th race of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, the fourth race of the Playoffs, and the first race of the Round of 12.
Kyle Larson won the race, his first of the season and ultimately last driving for Chip Ganassi Racing.

NASCAR Cup Series at Dover Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series were held annually at Dover Motor Speedway in Dover, Delaware since 1969 to 2025. The race was named Autotrader EchoPark Automotive 400 for sponsorship reasons.

From 1971 through 2020, a second Cup race was held at Dover in the fall.
Claret School Barcelona
Claret School Barcelona is a Claretian school founded in 1871 in Barcelona, more precisely in Camp d'en Grassot and Gràcia Nova neighborhood. It is ruled by the Claretian, an order founded in 1849 by Sant Antoni Maria Claret i Clarà (1807–1870).

Anthony Mary Claret
Anthony Mary Claret, CMF (born Antoni Maria Claret i Clarà; Spanish: Antonio María Claret y Clarà; December 23, 1807 – October 24, 1870) was a Spanish Catholic prelate and missionary who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba and was the confessor of Isabella II of Spain. He founded the congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, commonly called the Claretians.

In addition to the Claretians, which in the early 21st century had over 450 houses and 3100 members, with missions in five continents, Claret founded or drew up the rules of several communities of religious sisters. His zealous life and the wonders he wrought, both before and after his death, testified to his sanctity. Claret is the patron saint of weavers.
Lake Geneva Museum
The Lake Geneva Museum (Musée du Léman) is located in Nyon, Switzerland. It was founded in 1954, and was created for the many artifacts found in the lake, such as shipwrecks, models, and engines. It also contains aquariums with images of wildlife.

Nyon
Nyon (French pronunciation: [njɔ̃] ⓘ; historically German: Neuis or Neuss and Italian: Nione, [ˈnjoːne]) is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2020) a population of 21,718 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc Lémanique.
3rd Tarang Cine Awards
The results of the 2012 3rd Tarang Cine Awards, the awards presented annually by the Tarang entertainment television channel to honor artistic and technical excellence in the Oriya language film industry of India ("Ollywood"), are as follow:

Lifetime Achievement – Sarat Pujari

Best Film – Chocolate

Best Director – Sushant Mani -Chocolate

Best Actor – Anubhav Mohanty  - Balunga Toka

Best Actress – Archita Sahu -Chocolate

Best Lyricist – Bapu Goswami  -Chocolate

Best Singer – Babusan Mohanty -Chocolate

Best Editor – Biren Jyoti Mohanty -Chocolate

Best Dialogues – Bapu Goswami - Chocolate

Best Cinematography – Apurba Kishore Bir  - Jianta Bhuta

Best Comedian – Papu Pom Pom -Balunga Toka

Best Actor (Debut) – Harihar Das -Mu Premi Mu Pagala

Best Actress (Debut) – Anubha Sourya -Mu Premi Mu Pagala

Best Actor (in a Negative Role) – Samaresh Routray - Loafer

Tarang Cine Awards
The Tarang Cine Awards are presented annually by Tarang entertainment television channel to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Oriya language film industry mainly based in State of Orissa, India.
1940 United States census
The 1940 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

A number of new questions were asked including where people were five years before, highest educational grade achieved, and information about wages.  This census introduced sampling techniques; one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form.  Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939. This was the first census in which every state (48) had a population greater than 100,000, and the first census to also include a "long form" (sent to only a subset of the households) with additional questions about socioeconomic and housing characteristics (the "long form" would be used for last time in the 2000 census, being replaced by American Community Survey afterwards).

1930 United States census
The 1930 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census.

It was the first time the effects of suburban sprawl were recorded when, during the Roaring Twenties, a significant portion of the working population of New York City moved to New Jersey, aided by the George Washington Bridge which permitted quick transport from the state to Manhattan.
Mesa Arch
Mesa Arch (also known as Rotary Arch and Trail Arch) is a pothole arch on the eastern edge of the Island in the Sky mesa in Canyonlands National Park in northern San Juan County, Utah, United States. Mesa Arch is a spectacular natural stone arch perched at the edge of a cliff with vast views of canyons, Monster Tower, Washer Woman Arch, Airport Tower, and the La Sal Mountains in the distance. Access is via a relatively easy hiking trail, just a half-mile long from the park road.

Canyonlands National Park
Canyonlands National Park is a national park of the United States located in southeastern Utah near the town of Moab. The park preserves a colorful landscape eroded into numerous canyons, mesas, and buttes by the Colorado River, the Green River, and their respective tributaries. Legislation creating the park was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 12, 1964.

The park is divided into four districts: the Island in the Sky, the Needles, the Maze, and the combined rivers—the Green and Colorado—which carved two large canyons into the Colorado Plateau. While these areas share a primitive desert atmosphere, each retains its own character. Author Edward Abbey, a frequent visitor, described the Canyonlands as "the most weird, wonderful, magical place on earth—there is nothing else like it anywhere."
Julieta Fierro
Julieta Norma Fierro Gossman (February 24, 1948 – September 19, 2025), better known as Julieta Fierro, was a Mexican astrophysicist and science communicator. She was a full researcher at the Institute of Astronomy and professor of the Science Faculty at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and was a level-III member of the National System of Researchers (SNI). Since 2004, she was a member of the Mexican Academy of Language.

Her research was focused on the study of the interstellar medium and her later research involved the study of the Solar System. Nonetheless, she is most known for her science communication work. She held three honoris causa doctorates, and several laboratories, libraries, planetariums, astronomical societies, and schools have her name.

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, named after the "third world" group of non-aligned states. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.
2012 PP national party congress
The People's Party (PP) held its 17th national congress in Seville from 17 to 19 February 2012, to renovate its governing bodies—including the post of president, which amounted to that of party leader—and establish the party platform and policy until the next congress. The congress slogan was "Committed to Spain" (Spanish: Comprometidos con España), and it saw Mariano Rajoy, incumbent prime minister of Spain as a result of the PP victory at the 2011 Spanish general election, being re-elected unopposed for a third term as party president with 97.6% of the delegate vote in the congress (2,525 votes) and 2.4% of blank ballots (63).

Assembly of Madrid
The Assembly of Madrid or Madrid Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea de Madrid) is the unicameral autonomous legislature of the Autonomous Community of Madrid since the approval of the Madrid Charter of Autonomy in 1983.

It is elected every four years during the Spanish Regional and Municipal elections, as the Community of Madrid Charter of Autonomy does not recognise the right to call early elections (as in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia and Andalusia), save for exceptional situations like the scandal that deadlocked the May 2003 Assembly and forced fresh elections in October 2003. According to the Charter, the Assembly is empowered to write Madrid's regional legislation, to control the regional government's actions, and to elect the President of the Community of Madrid.

The Assembly meets in the district of Vallecas of Madrid in a hall inaugurated in 1998 specifically designed to host the Madrid Assembly.
ViaSat-2
ViaSat-2 is a commercial communications satellite launched June 1, 2017 and went live late February 2018. It was advertised to be the world's highest capacity communications satellite with a throughput of 300 Gbit/s, exceeding that of HughesNet EchoStar XIX, which launched in December 2016. It is the second Ka-band satellite launched by ViaSat after ViaSat-1. The satellite provides internet service through ViaSat (Exede prior to rebranding) to North America, parts of South America, including Mexico and the Caribbean, and to air and maritime routes across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe.

Satellite Internet access
Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communication satellites; if it can sustain high speeds, it is termed satellite broadband. Modern consumer grade satellite Internet service is typically provided to individual users through geostationary satellites that can offer relatively high data speeds, with newer satellites using the Ku band to achieve downstream data speeds up to 506 Mbit/s. In addition, new satellite internet constellations are being developed in low-earth orbit to enable low-latency internet access from space.
Adrián Gavira
Adrián Gavira Collado (born 17 September 1987 in San Roque) is a Spanish beach volleyball player. He currently plays with Pablo Herrera. The pair participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics tournament and lost in the round of 16 to Brazilians Ricardo Santos and Pedro Cunha.

In 2016, the Gavira and Herrera partnership won one gold and one bronze on the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour.  At the 2016 Olympics, they qualified from the pool stages, but were drawn against the Brazilian team of Alison Cerutti and Bruno Schmidt in the round of 16.  The Brazilians were the number one seeds and World Champions going into the match, and beat the Spanish pair despite a tight first set.

Ricardo Santos (beach volleyball)
Ricardo Alex Costa Santos (born 6 January 1975) is a Brazilian beach volleyball player.

Santos won the silver medal in the men's beach volleyball competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney with partner Zé Marco de Melo. Santos also represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. There he claimed the gold medal, teaming up with Emanuel Rego, with whom he won the world title in October 2003.  The same pairing went on to win the bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, he teamed with Pedro Cunha, but they lost in the quarter-finals.
Annular velocity
Annular velocity is the speed of the drilling fluid's movement in a column called an annulus in oil wells. It is commonly measured in feet per minute (ft/min) or meters per minute (m/min). Annular velocity is often abbreviated as AV, though this is not exclusively so, as AV also refers to apparent viscosity which is calculated from rheometer readings from tests that the mud engineer performs.

Apparent viscosity
In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted η) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate:

For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity depends on the shear rate. Apparent viscosity has the SI derived unit Pa·s (Pascal-second), but the centipoise is frequently used in practice: (1 mPa·s = 1 cP).