hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Goldschmidt
Richard Benedict Goldschmidt (April 12, 1878 – April 24, 1958) was a German geneticist. He is considered the first to attempt to integrate genetics, development, and evolution.  He pioneered understanding of reaction norms, genetic assimilation, dynamical genetics, sex determination, and heterochrony. Controversially, Goldschmidt advanced a model of macroevolution through macromutations popularly known as the "Hopeful Monster" hypothesis.

Goldschmidt also described the nervous system of the nematode, a piece of work that influenced Sydney Brenner to study the "wiring diagram" of Caenorhabditis elegans, winning Brenner and his colleagues the Nobel Prize in 2002.

Neo-Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is generally used to describe any integration of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics. It mostly refers to evolutionary theory from either 1895 (for the combinations of Darwin's and August Weismann's theories of evolution) or 1942 ("modern synthesis"), but it can mean any new Darwinian- and Mendelian-based theory, such as the current evolutionary theory.
François Lecointre
François Gérard Marie Lecointre (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ʒeʁaʁ maʁi ləkwɛ̃tʁ]; born 6 February 1962) is a French army general who has served as Grand Chancellor of the Order of the Legion of Honour since 1 February 2023. He previously served as Chief of the Defence Staff between 2017 and 2021.

The son of a naval officer, Lecointre joined the French Army in 1984. As a captain, with Lieutenant Bruno Heluin (platoon leader) as the company commanding officer, he led an assault at the Battle of Vrbanja Bridge in 1995 that was the latest fixed bayonet charge of the French Armed Forces.

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (lit. 'Special Military School of Saint-Cyr', abbr. ESM), often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is a French military academy. It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.

French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers.

The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coëtquidan military camp in Morbihan.

France's other senior military institutes are the École de guerre and the École de guerre - Terre, located in the École militaire complex, in Paris.
Korea Armed Forces Athletic Corps
Korea Armed Forces Athletic Corps (Korean: 국군체육부대), commonly known as the Sangmu (상무), is the sports division of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Its headquarters are located in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. It was founded in 1984 by the integration of the athletic teams of ROK Army, ROK Navy and ROK Air Force.

Republic of Korea Army
The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; Korean: 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: Daehanminguk Yukgun), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces with 400,000 members as of 2025. This size is maintained through conscription: All able-bodied South Korean males must complete military service (18 months for the army, auxiliary police, and marines, 20 months for the navy and conscripted firefighters, 21 months for the air force and social service, and 36 months for alternative service) between the ages of 18 and 35.
Smash It Up: The Anthology 1976–1987
Smash It Up: The Anthology 1976–1987 is a compilation album by the English punk and gothic rock band the Damned, released on 22 October 2002. It collects tracks spanning the first eleven years of the band's career, beginning with their debut single "New Rose" (1976) and continuing through their first seven studio albums—Damned Damned Damned (1977), Music for Pleasure (1977), Machine Gun Etiquette (1979), The Black Album (1980), Strawberries (1982), Phantasmagoria (1985), and Anything (1986)—along with the non-album singles "Stretcher Case Baby" (1977), "Lovely Money" (1982), and "Eloise" (1986).

Strawberries (album)
Strawberries is the fifth studio album by the English rock band the Damned. It was released in October 1982 by record label Bronze. Limited editions included a strawberry-scented lyric insert. The album reached No. 15 in the UK charts, the band's first to reach the Top 20.

The record was released as the Damned were enjoying a higher public profile, thanks to the solo success of Captain Sensible. Sensible performed lead vocals on "Life Goes On" and "Don't Bother Me". He also introduced new instruments to the band, including sitar, and cello played by his then-girlfriend, Rachael Bor of the pop group Dolly Mixture.
Levi Ruivivar
Levi Jung Ruivivar (born May 3, 2006) is a Filipino-American artistic gymnast. Born in the United States, she represents the Philippines internationally and competed for her country of birth in the past. She represented the Philippines at the 2024 Summer Olympics and is the 2024 Asian Championships bronze medalist on the uneven bars.

United States women's national artistic gymnastics team
The United States women's national artistic gymnastics team represents the United States in FIG international competitions.

As of 2024, the U.S. team is the reigning World team champion and the reigning Olympic team gold medalists, with the five gymnasts nicknamed the "Golden Girls."
Ziesjoem
Ziesjoem, stylized with an exclamation mark as Ziesjoem! (pronounced: ZEE-SHOOM), are a Dutch music group of folk songs and popular music from Maastricht in the Netherlands. The group are locally known for their catchy, singalong music style and their costuming themes. The group currently consists of Marly Van Herpen, Jos Van Herpen and Roger Stijns.

André Rieu
André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu (Dutch: [ˈɑndreː riˈjøː], French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁjø]; born 1 October 1949) is a Dutch violinist and conductor best known as the founder of the waltz-playing Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Rieu and his orchestra tour worldwide, often playing in stadiums. He resides in his native Maastricht, where he also regularly performs at the Vrijthof.
Friedrich Alpers
Friedrich Alpers (25 March 1901 – 3 September 1944) was a German Nazi politician, a Luftwaffe officer and an SS-Obergruppenführer. He was also a Minister of the Free State of Brunswick, and Generalforstmeister (General Forest Master) in the government of Nazi Germany. Alpers was responsible for numerous political crimes in Brunswick. He died during the Second World War, most likely by suicide.

Obergruppenführer
Obergruppenführer (German: [ˈoːbɐˌɡʁʊpm̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'senior group leader') was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the Sturmabteilung (SA) and adopted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissioned SS rank after only Reichsführer-SS. Translated as "senior group leader", the rank of Obergruppenführer was senior to Gruppenführer. A similarly named rank of Untergruppenführer existed in the SA from 1929 to 1930 and as a title until 1933. In April 1942, the new rank of SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer was created which was above Obergruppenführer and below Reichsführer-SS.
MSP-1014
MSP-1014 is a serotonergic psychedelic which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder, other depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders.

It is a prodrug of psilocin similarly to psilocybin, and hence acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.

The drug is under development by Mindset Pharma and Otsuka America Pharmaceutical. As of January 2024, it is in phase 2 clinical trials for major depressive disorder and is in the preclinical stage of development for anxiety disorders and other depressive disorders. The chemical structure of MSP-1014 does not yet seem to have been disclosed. However, Mindset Pharma patented psilocin derivatives and prodrugs in 2022.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
2024–25 World Athletics Cross Country Tour
The 2024–25 World Athletics Cross Country Tour, also known as the 2025 Cross Country Tour, is the fourth season of the annual series of cross country running meetings organised by World Athletics. The Tour forms the highest level of international cross country.

The Cross Country Tour is divided into three levels – Gold, Silver, and Bronze – each of which has different levels of competition and different prize offerings.

The Gold-level meetings award extra World Athletics Rankings cross country placement points, which can be used to earn automatic qualification into the 10,000 metres track race at the 2025 World Athletics Championships.

The Tour is also seen by some as a way to prepare for the 2024 European Cross Country Championships.

2024 European Cross Country Championships
The 2024 European Cross Country Championships was the 30th edition of the cross country running competition for European athletes. It was held on 8 December 2024 in Antalya, Turkey.

This was the first time Turkey has staged the European Cross Country Championships and Antalya became the southernmost venue in the 30-year history of the championships.
Flag of South Holland
The flag of South Holland was adopted on 24 October 1985, replacing the flag used since 22 June 1948. The flag shows a red lion standing out prominently against an even yellow background. The flag of the most populous province is a banner of arms of the South Holland coat of arms. This shield is in turn grafted onto the coat of arms of Holland. The colour choice is also obvious; after all, yellow and red have traditionally been the colours of the province of Holland. The aspect ratio of the South Holland flag is 2:3, which are the same dimensions that also apply to the national tricolour. The left-facing lion, standing on its hind legs, occupies three-quarters of the flag's height and is equally distant from the top and bottom. The colours red and yellow are Holland's traditional colours and are also found of the flag of North Holland.

Flag of North Holland
The flag of North Holland (Dutch: vlag van Noord-Holland) is the official flag of North Holland. The flag consists of three horizontal bands executed in the colours yellow, red and blue. The colours are taken from the coat of arms of North Holland. This in turn is a combination of the old coats of arms of North Holland and West Friesland. Yellow (actually gold) and red belong to Holland, while blue is part of the West Frisian identity. The current design was adopted by the Provincial Council on 22 October 1958 as the official tricolour of North Holland. The colour sequence of the North Holland flag was also determined this way in the current design because otherwise the flag would look too much like the red-white-blue striping pattern of the Dutch flag.
Sinder
Sinder is a rural commune located in the Tillabéri region of Niger and is home to the Wogo people. The primary language spoken is Wogo ciné, which belongs to the Songlai/Zarma family of languages. The primary occupations in Sinder are agriculture and fishing. Staple crops in the region include rice, maize, pepper, onions, and cereals such as manioc, millet, and sorghum, as well as Okoro during the rainy season.

As of 2012, it had a population of 28,165.

Tillabéri
Tillabéri (var. Tillabéry) is a town in the extreme west of Niger. It is situated 113 kilometres or 70 miles northwest of the capital Niamey on the River Niger.  It is an important market town and administrative center, being the capital of department of Tillabéri and Tillabéri Region. The town had a population of 47,678 at the 2012 census.
Kingdom of Fanes
The Kingdom of Fanes (Ladin: Rëgn de Fanes) is the national epic of the Ladin people in the Dolomites and the most important part of the Ladin literature. Originally an epic cycle, today it is known through the work of Karl Felix Wolff in 1932, gathered in his book Dolomitensagen. Until that time, this material was transmitted orally among the Ladin people. This legend is part of the larger corpus of the South Tyrolean sagas, whose protagonists are the Fanes themselves.

Fanes-Sennes-Prags Nature Park
The Fanes-Sennes-Prags Nature Park (Ladin: Parch natural Fanes-Senes-Braies; Italian: Parco naturale Fanes-Sennes-Braies; German: Naturpark Fanes-Sennes-Prags) is a nature reserve in the Dolomites in South Tyrol, Italy.
Mutsun language
Mutsun (also known as San Juan Bautista Costanoan) is a Utian language spoken in Northern California. It was the primary language of a division of the Ohlone people living in the Mission San Juan Bautista area. It initially went extinct in 1930 when the last speaker died, Ascencion Solórzano de Cervantes. The Tamien Nation and Amah Mutsun band is currently working to restore the use of the language, using a modern alphabet.

Mission San Juan Bautista
Mission San Juan Bautista is a Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797, by Fermín de Lasuén of the Franciscan order, the mission was the fifteenth of the Spanish missions established in present-day California. Named for Saint John the Baptist, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista.

Barracks for the soldiers, a nunnery, the Jose Castro House, the Plaza Hotel and other buildings were constructed around a large grassy plaza in front of the church and can be seen today in their original form. The Ohlone, the original residents of the valley, were brought to live at the mission and baptized, followed by Yokuts from the Central Valley. Mission San Juan Bautista has served mass daily since 1797, and today functions as a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey.
Hyaloid canal
The hyaloid canal (Cloquet's canal and Stilling's canal) is a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optic nerve disc (at the punctum caecum) to the lens. It is formed by an invagination of the hyaloid membrane, which encloses the vitreous body.

In the fetus, the hyaloid canal contains a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery, which supplies blood to the developing lens. Once the lens is fully developed the hyaloid artery retracts and the hyaloid canal contains lymph. The hyaloid canal appears to have no function in the adult eye, though its remnant structure can be seen.

Contrary to initial belief, the hyaloid canal does not facilitate changes in the volume of the lens. The lens volume changes by less than 1% over its range of accommodation. Furthermore, lymph, being liquid, is incompressible, so even if the volume of the lens did change, the hyaloid canal could not compensate for it.

Vitreous membrane
The vitreous membrane (or hyaloid membrane or vitreous cortex) is a layer of collagen separating the vitreous humour from the rest of the eye. At least two parts have been identified anatomically. The posterior hyaloid membrane separates the rear of the vitreous from the retina. It is a false anatomical membrane. The anterior hyaloid membrane separates the front of the vitreous from the lens. Bernal et al. describe it "as a delicate structure in the form of a thin layer that runs from the pars plana to the posterior lens, where it shares its attachment with the posterior zonule via Weigert's ligament, also known as Egger's line".
Adapa
Adapa was a Mesopotamian mythical figure who unknowingly refused the gift of immortality. The story, commonly known as "Adapa and the South Wind", is known from fragmentary tablets from Tell el-Amarna in Egypt (around 14th century BC) and from finds from the Library of Ashurbanipal, Assyria (around 7th century BC). The oldest tradition about him is from Me-Turan/Tell Haddad tablets (around 19th–16th century BC), which is written in Sumerian.

Adapa was an important figure in Mesopotamian religion. His name would be used to invoke power in exorcism rituals. He also became an archetype for a wise ruler. In that context, his name would be invoked to evoke favorable comparisons.

Some scholars conflate Adapa and the Apkallu known as Uanna. There is some evidence for that connection, but the name "adapa" may have also been used as an epithet, meaning "wise".

Albert T. Clay
Albert Tobias Clay (December 4, 1866 – September 14, 1925) was an American professor, historian and Semitic linguist. He was professor of Assyriology and Babylonian Literature at Yale University and served as founding curator of the Yale Babylonian Collection.
Convair F2Y Sea Dart
The Convair F2Y Sea Dart is an American seaplane fighter aircraft that rode on one or two hydro-skis during takeoff and landing. It flew only as a prototype, and never entered mass production. It is the only seaplane to have exceeded the speed of sound.

It was created in the 1950s, to overcome the problems with supersonic planes taking off and landing on aircraft carriers. The program was canceled after a series of unsatisfactory results and a tragic accident on 4 November 1954, in which test pilot Charles E. Richbourg was killed when the Sea Dart he was piloting disintegrated in midair. The four surviving planes were retired in 1957, but some were kept in reserve until 1962.

Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket
The Mk 4 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket (FFAR), also known as "Mighty Mouse", is an unguided rocket used by United States military aircraft. It was 2.75 inches (70 mm) in diameter. Designed as an air-to-air weapon for interceptor aircraft to shoot down enemy bombers, it primarily saw service as an air-to-surface weapon. The FFAR has been developed into the modern Hydra 70 series, which is still in service.
KVS (France)
K.V.S. was a small manufacturing company based in Lyon-Chassieu, France, which manufactured a range of microcars. KVS, previously 'Les Equipements Electriques K.V.' had their origins within 'SA Fabrique Lyonnaise de Motocyclettes New-Map et Motosacoche', producers of the New-Map motorcycle range and originators of the Rolux and Solyto microcars. New-Map were suppliers of metal fabrications to KV whose primary business was in the manufacture of telephone equipment. When the Director of New-Map retired, KV took over the company and continued production of the Solyto until 1974. KV became KVS in 1978 after the company was again resold with the production of microcars as its main aim. 
Microcar production ceased in 1985.

Microcar
Microcar is a term often used for the smallest size of cars, with three or four wheels and typically with an engine smaller than 700 cc (43 cu in). Specific types of microcars include bubble cars, cycle cars, invacar, quadricycles and voiturettes. Microcars are often covered by separate regulations from normal cars, having relaxed requirements for registration and licensing.
Eric James (priest)
Eric Arthur James FKC AKC (14 April 1925 – 1 May 2012) was an Anglican priest, Chaplain Extraordinary to HM the Queen, and for many years a regular participant in the "Thought for the Day" feature of BBC Radio 4's Today programme. He was associated with St Albans Cathedral for some years.

Associateship of King's College
The Associateship of King's College (AKC) award was the degree-equivalent qualification of King's College London from 1833. It is the original qualification that King's awarded to its students. In current practice, it is an optional award, unique to King's College London, that students can study in addition to their degree proper. After successfully completing the AKC course, participants may apply to be elected by the Academic Board of King's College London as an 'Associate of King's College' (AKC). Once their election has been ratified, they are permitted to use the post-nominal letters "AKC" along with their main qualification.
Bentfield Bury
Bentfield Bury is a small village in Essex, England. It is one of over 100 villages in the district of Uttlesford and is within Stansted Mountfitchet parish. Nearby towns include Saffron Walden and Bishop's Stortford.

Bentfield Bury is mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of the settlements in Clavering hundred.

Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden is a market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bishop's Stortford, 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of London. It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Little Walden and Audley End. At the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 16,610, and the parish had a population of 17,022.
WLSK
WLSK (100.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Lebanon, Kentucky, United States, the station is currently owned by Carolyn Lundy and Dave Colvin, through licensee Simply Cool Radio, LLC, and features programming from Associated Press, and Westwood One.

Lebanon, Kentucky
Lebanon is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Marion County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 6,274 at the 2020 census, up from 5,539 in 2010. Lebanon is located in central Kentucky, 63 miles (101 km) southeast of Louisville. A national cemetery is nearby.
Quebec Route 136 (Quebec City)
Route 136 is a provincial highway located in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec. The highway runs from Autoroute 440 (Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency) to Autoroute 73 near the Pierre Laporte and Quebec bridges in Quebec City. A short route, most of Route 136 is a parkway along the Saint Lawrence River connecting the Basse-Ville of Old Quebec to the bridges. The eastern section follows city streets in that community.

Route 136 is shown in the Quebec Ministry of Transportation road network map but is not identified as such on some other maps. It is also known as Boulevard Champlain for most of its length as well as several other short streets near A-440, following the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River just south of downtown.

Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)
Autoroute 440 (or A-440) is a superhighway located in Quebec City. It includes two separate segments, respectively named Autoroute Charest and Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency. Originally meant to be connected and form a single continuous highway via a tunnel under the city centre (unused ramps were torn down at the western terminus of the Dufferin-Montmorency section in the late 2000s), these plans were shelved years ago and are not expected to be revived.

The designation of Autoroute Charest is derived from Boulevard Charest, which is the street continuation east of this segment of A-440.