hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James MacLagan
James MacLagan or McLagan (Scottish Gaelic: Seumas MacLathagain; 1728–1805) was a Church of Scotland minister and collector of Scottish Gaelic poetry and song. His manuscript collection, known as the McLagan Collection, comprises some 250 manuscripts of primarily Gaelic song and poetry collected in the second half of the eighteenth century. The collection includes works by many of the best-known 17th- and 18th-century Gaelic poets such as Iain Lom, Màiri nighean Alasdair Ruaidh and Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair.

Derick Thomson
Derick Smith Thomson (Scottish Gaelic: Ruaraidh MacThòmais; 5 August 1921 – 21 March 2012) was a Scottish poet, publisher, lexicographer, academic and writer. Born at Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis, he spent much of his life in Glasgow where he was Professor of Celtic at the University of Glasgow from 1963 to 1991.

Thomson is best known for being one of the founders of Gairm, the longest-running periodical to be written entirely in Scottish Gaelic, running for over fifty years under his editorship. He was an Honorary President of the Scottish Poetry Library, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the British Academy. In June 2007, he received an honorary degree from Glasgow University.
Christian Blackwood
Christian Blackwood (July 7, 1942 – July 22, 1992) was an American film director and cinematographer.

He was initially a child actor, then a cinematographer acclaimed for his work in Charlotte Zwerin's Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser. But his major work was as the director of over 80 films, mostly documentaries, over a 25-year career. His most famous films are Observations Under The Volcano and On the Set of Death of a Salesman, behind-the-scenes looks at the creation of movies by John Huston and Volker Schlöndorff from the famous novel and play. The latter film won him the grand prize at the Sundance Film Festival.

Christian Blackwood died in 1992 of lung cancer. He was married to film writer, producer and fine art photographer, Carolyn Marks Blackwood. His brother was Michael Blackwood. His film archives are stored in the Museum of Modern Art.

Charlotte Zwerin
Charlotte Zwerin (born Charlotte Mitchell, August 15, 1931 – January 22, 2004) was an American documentary film director and editor known for her solo work profiling artists and musicians, and as a pioneer of direct cinema and cinéma vérité, co-directing the documentaries Salesman (1969), Gimme Shelter (1970), and Running Fence (1978) with Albert and David Maysles.
Monsanto Co. v. Rohm and Haas Co.
Monsanto Co. v. Rohm and Haas Co., 456 F.2d 592 (3d Cir. 1972), is a 1972 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit interpreting what conduct amounts to fraudulent procurement of a patent.

This case is one of the early decisions following the US Supreme Court's 1964 decision in Walker Process v. Food Machinery holding fraud on the US Patent Office as potentially violating the Sherman Antitrust Act, and one of the first (if not the first) to hold that failure to disclose material information to the Patent Office was fraudulent.

Presumption
In law, a presumption is an "inference of a particular fact". There are two types of presumptions: rebuttable presumptions and irrebuttable (or conclusive) presumptions.: 25  A rebuttable presumption will either shift the burden of production (requiring the disadvantaged party to produce some evidence to the contrary) or the burden of proof (requiring the disadvantaged party to show the presumption is wrong); in short, a fact finder can reject a rebuttable presumption based on other evidence.: 87  Conversely, a conclusive/irrebuttable presumption cannot be challenged by contradictory facts or evidence.: 87–88  Sometimes, a presumption must be triggered by a predicate fact—that is, the fact must be found before the presumption applies.: 1321–22
1992 American League Championship Series
The 1992 American League Championship Series was a semifinal series in Major League Baseball's 1992 postseason played between the Toronto Blue Jays and the Oakland Athletics from October 7 to 14, 1992. The Blue Jays won the series four games to two to advance to their first World Series, and became the first team outside the United States to win a pennant. The series was a rematch of the 1989 ALCS, which Oakland won in five games.

Blue Jays second baseman Roberto Alomar was named Most Valuable Player of the series. In six games, Alomar rapped 11 hits in 26 at bats for a .423 batting average, including a double and two home runs.

The Blue Jays would go on to defeat the Atlanta Braves in the World Series in six games to win their first World Series championship in franchise history.

American League Championship Series
The American League Championship Series (ALCS) is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two League Championship Series comprising the penultimate round of Major League Baseball's (MLB) postseason. The winner of the ALCS wins the AL pennant and advances to the World Series, MLB's championship series, to play the winner of the National League's (NL) Championship Series. The ALCS began in 1969 as a best-of-five playoff and used this format until 1985, when it changed to its current best-of-seven format.
2011 Norwegian local elections
Nationwide local elections for seats in municipality and county councils were held throughout Norway on 12 September 2011. Several municipalities also opened the polling booths on 11 September. For polling stations this meant that two elections, the municipal elections and the county elections ran concurrently. In addition, an advisory referendum was held in Aust-Agder to determine whether to merge the county with Vest-Agder.

Overall, the Conservative Party made the greatest gains, and the Labour Party also advanced and remained the largest party. On the other hand, the Progress Party and the Socialist Left Party suffered severe setbacks.

Term of office was 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2015.

Norwegian municipal elections
In Norway, municipal elections are local elections held every four years to elect representatives to the Norwegian municipality ("kommune") councils. They are conducted concurrently with Norwegian county elections. The last municipal and council elections were held on 11 September 2023. Norway holds elections every two years, alternating between local elections and national parliamentary elections.

Municipal elections were first held in Norway in 1837.
Prabhu Dayal Singh
Prabhu Dayal Singh was an Indian politician from Bihar, who served as member of Bihar Legislative Assembly for three terms from erstwhile Mirganj Assembly constituency in Gopalganj district of Bihar. Singh was a member of Rashtriya Janata Dal led by Lalu Prasad Yadav and was considered as a trusted aide of Yadav's brother-in-law Subhash Prasad Yadav. Singh had also served as member of other political parties which included Indian National Congress and Samata Party.

Subhash Prasad Yadav
Subhash Prasad Yadav (born 27 March 1967) is an Indian politician belonging to Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD). He was a Member of Parliament representing Bihar in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house from 2004 to 2010.

Subhash Yadav is the real brother of Sadhu Yadav and Rabri Devi. His sister Rabri is former Chief Minister of Bihar and Brother Sadhu was Member of Parliament from Gopalganj Lok Sabha .
Bill Chinnock
William Chinnock (November 12, 1947 – March 7, 2007), also referred to as Bill Chinnock or Billy Chinnock, was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Chinnock grew up in the nearby Essex County communities of East Orange and Millburn. He was a prominent member of the Jersey Shore music scene during the late 1960s, leading bands that included future members of the E Street Band.

He subsequently moved away from the Shore and spent time in New York City and Nashville, Tennessee, before eventually settling in Yarmouth, Maine. In 1987 he won an Emmy Award after his song "Somewhere in the Night" was used as the theme on Search for Tomorrow. "Hold On To Love", a duet he recorded with Roberta Flack, was also featured as a theme song on Guiding Light.

Danny Federici
Daniel Paul Federici (January 23, 1950 – April 17, 2008) was an American musician, best known as a founding member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, where he was its organist, accordionist and glockenspiel player. Federici appeared on ten of Springsteen's studio albums.

In 2014, Federici was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.
1960 Taça de Portugal final
The 1960 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1959–60 Taça de Portugal, the 20th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 3 July 1960 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Belenenses and Sporting CP. Belenenses defeated Sporting CP 2–1 to claim the Taça de Portugal for a second time.

Estádio Nacional
The Estádio Nacional (English: National Stadium), also known as Centro Desportivo Nacional do Jamor (English: Jamor National Sports Centre), is a football stadium. It is located in the civil parish of Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, in the municipality of Oeiras, in the southwestern part of Lisbon District.

The Portugal national team played 46 matches at the stadium from 1945 to 1987, then played additional friendlies in 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2024. The venue was used by B-SAD from 2018 to 2022 and by Casa Pia A.C. in 2022–23, both as a temporary home ground in the Primeira Liga.

The stadium hosted the first ever UEFA club game on 4 September 1955 between Primeira Divisão's third-placed team, Sporting CP, and the Yugoslav champions, Serbian side Partizan Belgrade. It ended as a 3–3 draw and was the first game to be played of the first edition of the European Cup.
South Africa women's cricket team in the West Indies in 2021
The South Africa women's cricket team played the West Indies women's cricket team in August and September 2021. The tour consisted of five Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and three Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is). The WODI matches were used as the West Indies' preparation for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament.

The first WT20I match ended as a no result due to rain. South Africa then won the second WT20I match by 50 runs, with the West Indies winning the third match by five wickets, with the series being drawn 1–1. In the first two WODI matches, South Africa recorded big wins, of eight and nine wickets respectively, taking a 2–0 lead in the series. South Africa won the third WODI by eight wickets to win the series with two matches to play. South Africa also won the fourth WODI to take a 4–0 lead in the series. The final match ended in a tie, with the West Indies winning the Super Over. Therefore, South Africa won the five-match series 4–1.

Result (cricket)
The result in a game of cricket may be a "win" for one of the two teams playing, or a "tie". In the case of a limited overs game, the game can also end with "no result" if the game cannot be finished on time (usually due to weather or bad light), and in other forms of cricket, a "draw" may be possible. Which of these results applies, and how the result is expressed, is governed by Law 16 of the laws of cricket.
Lockheed L-749 Constellation
The Lockheed L-749 Constellation is the first Lockheed Constellation to regularly cross the Atlantic Ocean non-stop. Although similar in appearance to the L-649 before it, the L-749 had a larger fuel capacity, strengthened landing gear, and eventually weather radar.

Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
The Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone is an American twin-row, supercharged, air-cooled, radial aircraft engine with 18 cylinders displacing nearly 3,350 cubic inches (54.9 L). Power ranged from 2,200 to 3,700 hp (1,640 to 2,760 kW), depending on model. Developed before World War II, the R-3350's design required a long time to mature, and was still experiencing problems with reliability when used to power the Boeing B-29 Superfortress.

After the war, the engine had matured sufficiently to be used in many civilian airliners, notably in its turbo-compound forms, and remained in use in the Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation airliners into the 1950s. Its main rival was the 4,360 in3 (71.4 L), 3,000 to 4,300 hp (2,200 to 3,200 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major, which first ran some four years after the Duplex-Cyclone. The engine is commonly used on Hawker Sea Fury and Grumman F8F Bearcat Unlimited Class Racers at the Reno Air Races.
Scandinavian design
Scandinavian design is a design movement characterized by simplicity, minimalism and functionality that emerged in the early 20th century, and subsequently flourished in the 1950s throughout the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland.

Scandinavian designers are known especially for household goods including furniture, textiles, ceramics, lamps, and glass, but Scandinavian design has been extended to industrial design such as of consumer electronics, mobile phones, and cars.

Arne Jacobsen
Arne Emil Jacobsen, Hon. FAIA (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑːnə e̝ˈmiˀl ˈjɑkʰʌpsn̩]; 11 February 1902 – 24 March 1971) was a Danish architect and furniture designer. He is remembered for his contribution to architectural functionalism and for the worldwide success he enjoyed with simple well-designed chairs.
Jiaojiawan Subdistrict
Jiaojiawan subdistrict is a subdistrict of Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.

The former Gongxingdun Airport is entirely in Jiaojiawan subdistrict, it is now the Lanzhou PLA Air Force housing district. It is also the site of the Gansu branch of the National Fitness Center.

Chengguan, Lanzhou
Chengguan District (simplified Chinese: 城关区; traditional Chinese: 城關區; pinyin: Chéngguān Qū; lit. 'City Gate District') is one of 5 districts and the municipal seat of the prefecture-level city of Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, China. It is located mostly on the southern side of the Yellow River, and  includes the downtown Lanzhou. Both the Gansu provincial government capitol and that of Lanzhou prefecture-level city are located within the district. The Lanzhou Railway Station is also located in this district.
Arthur MacArthur IV
Arthur MacArthur IV (born February 21, 1938) is an American concert pianist and writer, and the only child of General Douglas MacArthur and Jean MacArthur. He is also the grandson of General Arthur MacArthur Jr.

Arthur MacArthur Jr.
Arthur MacArthur Jr. (June 2, 1845 – September 5, 1912) was a lieutenant general of the United States Army. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900; his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future-U.S. President William Howard Taft.

His son, Douglas MacArthur, was one of only five men promoted to the five-star rank of General of the Army during World War II. In addition to their both being promoted to the rank of general officer, Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Douglas MacArthur also share the distinction of having been the first father and son to each be awarded a Medal of Honor.
Hawthorne High School (California)
Hawthorne High School is a public high school located in Hawthorne, California, within the Centinela Valley Union High School District. It opened in 1951 with 9th and 10th grades.  The first graduating senior class was that of 1954. It is most notable for its association with The Beach Boys, whose original members Brian, Carl, and Dennis Wilson, and Al Jardine attended the school. Coincidentally, Olivia Trinidad Arias, who later became Olivia Harrison (George Harrison’s wife), also attended; she graduated in 1965.

Hawthorne High School is a cross-town rival with Leuzinger High School.

Leuzinger High School
Leuzinger High School is a public high school (9th through 12th grades) in Lawndale, California, United States. It opened on January 27, 1931, with an enrollment of 268. It was named after Adolph Leuzinger in recognition of his 25 years of service on the board of trustees of the Inglewood Union High School District. The school is in the Centinela Valley Union High School District.

Leuzinger High had an enrollment of 1,924 as of the 2023-24 school year.
Transportation in Norfolk, Virginia
Located in the southeastern corner of the state, Norfolk is economically and culturally important to Virginia. A variety of transportation modes have developed around the city's importance and somewhat unusual geography.

U.S. Route 460 in Virginia
U.S. Route 460 (US 460) in Virginia runs east–west through the southern part of the Commonwealth. The road has two separate pieces in Virginia, joined by a relatively short section in West Virginia. Most of US 460 is a four-lane divided highway and is a major artery in the southern third of the state. From Petersburg to Suffolk, US 460 is a four-lane non-divided highway. It is a popular alternative to Interstate 64 (I-64) when going from
Richmond and other points in central Virginia to the Currituck Sound and Outer Banks of North Carolina, avoiding the congestion
and tunnels of the more northerly I-64 corridor. The road passes through several small towns that built up at stops along the railroad line.

US 460 from I-81 at Christiansburg west to Pikeville, Kentucky, including the piece in West Virginia, is Corridor Q of the Appalachian Development Highway System. From West Virginia east to I-81, US 460 also is part of the proposed I-73.
English cricket team in Australia in 1978–79
The England cricket team toured Australia in the 1978–79 season to play a six-match Test series against Australia for The Ashes. England won the series 5–1, thereby retaining The Ashes.

This series was often over shadowed by Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket which meant many players from both sides were absent, including Greg Chappell. Australia were more handicapped which opened the way for England and their captain Mike Brearley. The side was managed by Doug Insole, Ken Barrington assistant-manager/coach and physiotherapist Bernard Thomas was given credit as the prime reason for England's supreme fitness.

Phil Carlson
Phillip Henry Carlson (8 August 1951 – 29 July 2022) was an Australian cricketer who played in two Test matches and four One Day Internationals (ODIs) in 1979.
He was an all-rounder who played for Queensland between 1969–70 and 1980–81. He played his two Test matches for Australia v England in the 1978–79 Ashes series and the four One Day Internationals against the same opponents. He was called up by Australia when most of their regular first-choice players were playing in World Series Cricket.
Red (play)
Red is a two-handed play by American writer John Logan about the artist Mark Rothko. It was first produced by the Donmar Warehouse, London, on December 8, 2009, in a production directed by Michael Grandage. It then transferred to Broadway in March 2010 with the same two leads, Alfred Molina and Eddie Redmayne, where it won 6 Tony Awards.

The play has subsequently been performed in many locations around the world, with a 2018 revival in London directed by Grandage, with Molina reprising his original role as Rothko.

Two-hander
A two-hander is a play, film, or television programme with only two main characters. The two characters in question often display differences in social standing or experiences, differences that are explored and possibly overcome as the story unfolds.  Instances of two-handers may include theatre, film, television episodes, television series, and radio.
Meralco
The Manila Electric Company, also known as Meralco (/mɜːrɑːlkoʊ/, Tagalog: [mɛˈɾalkɔ], stylized in uppercase), is an electric power distribution company in the Philippines. It is Metro Manila's only electric power distributor and holds the power distribution franchise for 39 cities and 72 municipalities, including the whole of Metro Manila and the exurbs that form Mega Manila.

The name "Meralco" is an acronym for Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company, which was the company's official name until 1919.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Perivitelline space
The perivitelline space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum. In the slow block to polyspermy, the cortical granules released from the ovum are deposited in the perivitelline space. Polysaccharides released in the granules cause the space to swell, pushing the zona pellucida further from the oocyte. The hydrolytic enzymes released by the granules cause the zona reaction, which removes the ZP3 ligands from the zona pellucida.

Zona pellucida
The zona pellucida (Latin meaning "transparent zone") is the specialized area surrounding mammalian oocytes (eggs). It is also known as an egg coat. The zona pellucida is essential for oocyte growth and fertilization.

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the egg cell. It helps protect the egg, and has an essential role in fertilization by sperm. It is surrounded by the corona radiata. The corona is composed of cells that care for the egg when it is emitted from the ovary.
Hawai River
The Hawai River is a river of New Zealand. It flows from the Raukumara Range northeast into the Bay of Plenty. The locality of Tōrere is 7 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of the river mouth, and Houpoto is 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast.

Tōrere
Tōrere, also written Torere, is a small coastal settlement in the Ōpōtiki District of the Bay of Plenty Region on New Zealand's North Island. It is about 20 km (12 mi) by road north-east of the town of Ōpōtiki. Neighbouring localities include Opape to the south-west and Hāwai to the north-east. Tōrere is the ancestral home of the Ngāitai people.
Necktie social
"Necktie social", or "Necktie parties", is a euphemism for execution by hanging commonly used in the American Old West. Additionally, the term is also used literally, for a social event that involved selling donated neckties for charity.

The term "necktie party" was used by one of the justices during oral argument of Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (05-184) in the United States Supreme Court on March 28, 2006.

Euphemism
contraceptives

menstrual pads and tampons

adult diapers

A euphemism is the substitution of a potentially offensive or unpleasant word or expression with one that is more pleasant or inoffensive. Some euphemisms are humorous, while others use mild or neutral language to downplay certain concepts. They can often be used to soften profanity or discuss sensitive or taboo topics, such as disability, sex, bodily functions, pain, violence, illness, or death, in a more polite manner.