hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Cup of China
The 2014 Cup of China was the third event of six in the 2014–15 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai on November 7–9. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2014–15 Grand Prix Final.

2014–15 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2014–15 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating is a series of senior international figure skating competitions in the 2014–15 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final, held in Barcelona, Spain.

Organized by the International Skating Union, the Grand Prix series began in October 24 and ran until December 14, 2014. The series sets the stage for the 2015 European, Four Continents, and World Championships. The corresponding series for junior-level skaters were the 2014–15 ISU Junior Grand Prix.
A. J. P. Taylor
Alan John Percivale Taylor (25 March 1906 – 7 September 1990) was an English historian who specialised in 19th- and 20th-century European diplomacy. Both a journalist and a broadcaster, he became well known to millions through his television lectures. His combination of academic rigour and popular appeal led the historian Richard Overy to describe him as "the Macaulay of our age". In a 2011 poll by History Today magazine, he was named the fourth most important historian of the previous 60 years.

Thomas Babington Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, PC, FRS, FRSE (/ˈbæbɪŋtən məˈkɔːli/; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian, poet and Whig politician who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster General between 1846 and 1848. He is best known for his The History of England, a seminal example of Whig history which expressed Macaulay's belief in the inevitability of sociopolitical progress and has been widely commended for its prose style. Macaulay also played a substantial role in determining India's education policy.
Oak Technology
Oak Technology (OAKT) was an American supplier of semiconductor chips for sound cards, graphics cards and optical storage devices such as CD-ROM, CD-RW and DVD.  It achieved success with optical storage chips and its stock price increased substantially around the time of the tech bubble in 2000. After falling on hard times, in 2003 it was acquired by Zoran Corporation.

Oak Technology helped develop the ATAPI standard and provided the oakcdrom.sys CD-ROM driver that was ubiquitous on DOS-based systems in the mid-1990s.

Pin compatibility
In electronics, pin-compatible devices are electronic components, generally integrated circuits or expansion cards, sharing a common footprint and with the same functions assigned or usable on the same pins. Pin compatibility is a property desired by systems integrators as it allows a product to be updated without redesigning printed circuit boards, which can reduce costs and decrease time to market.

Although devices which are pin-compatible share a common footprint, they are not necessarily electrically or thermally compatible. As a result, manufacturers often specify devices as being either pin-to-pin or drop-in compatible. Pin-compatible devices are generally produced to allow upgrading within a single product line, to allow end-of-life devices to be replaced with newer equivalents, or to compete with the equivalent products of other manufacturers.
Iwaseoyama Kofun Cluster
The Iwaseoyama Kofun Cluster (石清尾山古墳群, Iwaseoyama kofun-gun) is a group of Kofun period burial mounds located on the Iwaseo mountains spreading across the Mineyama, Muromachi, Miyawaki, Nishikasuga, Tsuruichi, and Nishitakara neighborhoods of the city of Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku Japan. The cluster was designated a National Historic Site in 1934, with the era under protection expanded in 1985 and 1989..

Takamatsu
Takamatsu (高松市, Takamatsu-shi; Japanese: [takaꜜmatsɯ]) is a capital city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 414,134 in 190,120 households and a population density of 1,100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 375.41 square kilometres (144.95 sq mi). It is the capital city of the prefecture.
Magnum principium
Magnum principium ("The Great Principle") is an apostolic letter issued by Pope Francis and dated 3 September 2017 on his own authority. It modified the 1983 Code of Canon Law to shift responsibility and authority for translations of liturgical texts into modern languages to national and regional conferences of bishops and restrict the role of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (CDW). It was made public on 9 September 2017 and its effective date was 1 October of the same year.

While directly concerned only with liturgical texts, it represented a significant initiative in the program long advocated by Francis of changing the role of the Roman Curia in the Catholic Church and fostering "shared decision-making between local churches and Rome." That he used canon law to achieve his aims demonstrated, in the view of liturgist Rita Ferrone, the intensity of his commitment to this project.

Canon (canon law)
In canon law, a canon designates some law promulgated by a synod, an ecumenical council, or an individual bishop.

The word "canon" comes from the Greek kanon, which in its original usage denoted a straight rod that was later the instrument used by architects and artificers as a measuring stick for making straight lines. Kanon eventually came to mean a rule or norm, so that when the first ecumenical council—Nicaea I—was held in 325, kanon started to obtain the restricted juridical denotation of a law promulgated by a synod or ecumenical council, as well as that of an individual bishop.
Spinnaker pole
A spinnaker pole is a spar used in sailboats (both dinghies and yachts) to help support and control a variety of headsails, particularly the spinnaker. It is also used with other sails, such as genoas and jibs, when sailing downwind with no spinnaker hoisted, sometimes using a special light spinnaker pole called a whisker pole, possible since the load on the pole is very light on this point of sail.

Genoa (sail)
A genoa sail is a type of large jib or staysail that extends past the mast and so overlaps the main sail when viewed from the side, sometimes eliminating it.
It was originally called an "overlapping jib" and later a genoa jib. It is used on single-masted sloops and twin-masted boats such as yawls and ketches. Its larger surface area increases the speed of the craft in light to moderate winds; in high wind, a smaller jib is usually substituted, and downwind a spinnaker may be used.
Petti, Chabahar
Petti (Persian: پتي, also Romanized as Pettī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 348, in 57 families.

Pir Sohrab Rural District
Pir Sohrab Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيرسهراب) is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Sohrab.
Gledhow
53°49′19″N 1°30′32″W﻿ / ﻿53.822°N 1.509°W﻿ / 53.822; -1.509

Gledhow is a suburb of north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, east of Chapel Allerton and west of Roundhay. It sits in the Roundhay ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds North East parliamentary constituency.

Roundhay
Roundhay is a large suburb in north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Roundhay had a population of 22,546 in 2011.

It sits in the Roundhay ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds North East parliamentary constituency.
Bornu (historical region)
Bornu or Borno is a precolonial historical region in West Africa, located southwest of Lake Chad. In the modern day, most of Bornu is located in northeastern Nigeria (largely in Borno State and Yobe State), with smaller portions also in southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon.

Bornu has been inhabited since at least c. 1800 BCE and has yielded archaeological finds belonging to the successive Gajigenna (19th–6th century BCE) and Sao (6th century BCE–14th century) cultures. From the 14th century onwards, Bornu was the heartland of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, which lasted until European colonisation during the Scramble for Africa in the early 20th century.

Kanuri people
The Kanuri people (kanuri, Kanuri, also Barnawi, Yerwa, Barebari and several subgroup names) are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon, as well as a diaspora community residing in Sudan. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom identify as distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem–Bornu Empire, and its client states or provinces. In contrast to the neighboring Toubou or Zaghawa pastoralists, Kanuri groups have traditionally been sedentary, engaging in farming, fishing the Chad Basin, trade, and salt processing.
Eugene Ashley High School
Eugene Ashley High School (commonly known as Ashley High School) is a high school just outside Wilmington, North Carolina, located in the New Hanover County School District. The facility was opened in the New Hanover County Veteran's Park in 2001.

AP Capstone
AP Capstone, officially known as the Advanced Placement Capstone Diploma Program, is a two-year program for high school students in the United States and Canada, developed by the College Board. It consists of two courses: the AP Seminar and AP Research. Students who successfully complete the program and obtain scores of 3 or higher on at least four other AP exams receive either an AP Capstone Diploma or an AP Seminar and Research Certificate.
Middleton Formation
The Middleton Formation is a geological formation that extends through the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. It overlies the lower Abrahamskraal Formation, and is the eastern correlate, East of 24ºE, of the Teekloof Formation. Outcrops and exposures of the Middleton Formation range from Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape onwards. The Middleton Formation's type locality lies near the small hamlet, Middleton, approximately 25 km south of Cookhouse. Other exposures lie in hillsides along the Great Fish River in the Eastern Cape. The Middleton Formation forms part of the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, which itself forms part of the Karoo Supergroup.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
John Delamare
Sir John Delamare (c. 1320 – 1383) was a knight at the court of King Edward III of England and the builder of Nunney Castle in Somerset.

He gained permission to turn his manor house at Nunney into Nunney Castle in 1373. He was successively High Sheriff of Wiltshire (1374) and then High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset (1377) and also Knight of the Shire for the same two counties, Wiltshire in 1376 and Somerset in 1373, 1377, and 1382.

He was also lord of the manor of Fisherton Delamare and Bishopstrow in Wiltshire. His heiress was his niece Eleanor Delamere, who died in 1413. Through her marriage to William Paulet, Nunney and Fisherton passed to another William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester.

High Sheriff of Dorset
The High Sheriff of Dorset is an ancient high sheriff title which has been in existence for over one thousand years. Until 1567 the Sheriff of Somerset was also the Sheriff of Dorset.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Dorset was retitled High Sheriff of Dorset.

The position was once a powerful position responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing law and order in Dorset. In modern times the high sheriff has become a ceremonial role, presiding over public ceremonies.
Brooklyn Centre
Brooklyn Centre is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It borders Old Brooklyn to the south, Stockyards, Clark–Fulton, and Tremont to the north, and the Cuyahoga Valley and the suburb of Cuyahoga Heights to the east.

Old Brooklyn
Old Brooklyn is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio, United States, located approximately five miles south of downtown Cleveland.  It extends east-to-west from the Cuyahoga River to the city of Brooklyn and north-to-south from the Brookside Park Valley to the city of Parma. It is home to the Cleveland Metroparks, including the Cleveland Zoo; the Jesse Owens tree at James Ford Rhodes High School; and the Benjamin Franklin Community Garden, the largest urban community garden in Cuyahoga County. Old Brooklyn has recently adopted the slogan "Old Brooklyn, a great place to grow" to commemorate its history and potential growth.
1856 Růžena
1856 Růžena, provisional designation 1969 TW1, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1969, by Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchny, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Růžena Petrovicova, staff member at Kleť Observatory.

Lyudmila Chernykh
Lyudmila Ivanivna Chernykh (Ukrainian: Людмила Іванівна Черних; Russian: Людми́ла Ива́новна Черны́х; June 13, 1935 – July 28, 2017) was a Ukrainian-Russian-Soviet astronomer, wife and colleague of Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, and a prolific discoverer of minor planets.
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes. They are synthesized by the addition of cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine to diglycerides, releasing cytidine monophosphate. S-Adenosyl methionine can subsequently methylate the amine of phosphatidylethanolamines to yield phosphatidylcholines.

Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes.
East Coyote Hills
The East Coyote Hills are a low mountain range in northern Orange County, California, mostly in the cities of Fullerton and Placentia.

The hills received their name from the nearby Rancho Los Coyotes; by the 1870s they were being called Coyote Hills. Most of the East Coyote Hills were developed as residential areas in the 1980s and 1990s. Several equestrian and pedestrian trails have been built through the area, as well as a golf course and Craig Regional Park.

Placentia, California
Placentia (/pləˈsɛnʃə/ plə-SEN-shə) is a city in Orange County, California, United States. It is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Placentia's population was 51,233 at the 2020 US census. The city is primarily referred to as a bedroom community,

In 1971, Placentia was honored with the All-America City Award, given out annually by the National Civic League to 10 cities in the United States.
Alchornea
Alchornea is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1788. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, South Asia, Australia, Latin America, and various oceanic islands. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that Bocquillonia from New Caledonia is nested in Alchornea.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Aparisthmium Cleidion Cnesmone Discocleidion Discoglypremna Necepsia Neoscortechinia Orfilea Sampantaea Trigonostemon Wetria )

Wetria
Wetria is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1858. It is native to Australia, New Guinea and Southeast Asia.

Species

Wetria australiensis P.I.Forst. - Papua New Guinea, Queensland

Wetria insignis (Steud.) Airy Shaw - Thailand, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines

Formerly included

moved to other genera (Discocleidion, Trigonostemon)

Wetria cuneifolia - Trigonostemon heteranthus

Wetria rufescens - Discocleidion rufescens
Ingeborg Sørensen
Ingeborg Sørensen (born 16 May 1948) is a Norwegian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Norway 1972. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its March 1975 issue.

Sørensen was born in Drammen, Norway. She was Miss Norway in 1972, and finished in second place in the Miss World 1972 competition (which was won by Australian Belinda Green).

Belinda Green
Belinda Lynette Green  OAM (born 4 May 1952) is an Australian model and beauty queen who won the Miss World 1972 contest at the age of 20. She became the second Australian to win the title; the first, Penelope Plummer, was crowned Miss World in 1968. The pageant was held in London, at the Royal Albert Hall. Green's triumph came in a year that saw Australia win the Miss Universe crown, the Miss Asia Pacific title, and placed first runner-up in the Miss International.
Abhijit Deshpande
Abhijit Prakash Deshpande (born 22 February 1968) is a former Indian cricketer who played for Maharashtra in Indian domestic cricket. He was a right-handed top-order batsman.

From Pune, Deshpande made his first-class debut in December 1986, playing against Saurashtra in the 1986–87 Ranji Trophy. He scored his maiden first-class half-century during the 1990–91 season, making 60 against Gujarat. In the 1991–92 Ranji Trophy, Deshpande scored 465 runs from six games. In the first game of the tournament, against Gujarat, he scored 217 from 329 balls opening the batting with Surendra Bhave, putting on 287 for the second wicket with Santosh Jedhe. In the tournament's quarter-final, against Haryana, he scored 86, but that was his last appearance for Maharashtra.

Santosh Jedhe
Santosh Jedhe is an Indian former cricketer and current head coach of Maharashtra cricket team. He has represented Maharashtra in 79 first-class matches between 1989 and 1998. Jedhe, an allrounder, played an important role in Maharashtra's 1992–93 Ranji Trophy season by scoring 867 runs and claiming 37 wickets, he was the leading run scorer of 1992 Ranji trophy. He was the highest run score of 1992-1993 Ranji trophy season. In Ranji trophy, his batting average was 50.02.
Ibaneis Rocha
Ibaneis Rocha Barros Júnior (Brazilian Portuguese: [ibɐˈnejz ˈʁɔʃɐ ˈbaʁuz ˈʒuni.oʁ]; born 10 July 1971) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and the current Governor of the Federal District. He defeated incumbent governor Rodrigo Rollemberg (PSB)with 69% of the popular vote. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), Rocha is the first Federal District native to serve as its governor.

Rodrigo Rollemberg
Rodrigo Sobral Rollemberg (born July 13, 1959) is a Brazilian politician and member of the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB). He served as Governor of the Federal District from 2015 to 2019.

Rollemberg won the 2014 Federal District gubernatorial election on October 5, 2014, with 812,036 votes, or 55.56% of the vote. He defeated the Party of the Republic (PR) gubernatorial candidate, Jofran Frejat, who placed second with 649,587 votes, or 44.44%.

Following his election victory, Rollemberg pledged to hold the government of the Federal District more accountable. He also promised to create a "accountability council," composed of civic leaders and private citizens. Rollemberg took office on January 1, 2015, succeeding outgoing Governor Agnelo Queiroz.
Lavash
Lavash (Armenian: լավաշ; Persian: لواش, romanized: lavâš) is a thin flatbread usually leavened, traditionally baked in a tandoor (tonir or tanoor) or on a sajj, and common to the cuisines of South Caucasus, West Asia, and the areas surrounding the Caspian Sea. Lavash is one of the most widespread types of bread in Armenia. The traditional recipe can be adapted to the modern kitchen by using a griddle or wok instead of the tonir.

In 2014, "Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia" was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In 2016, the making and sharing of flatbread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey was inscribed on the list as well. Lavash is similar to yufka, but in Turkish cuisine lavash (lavaş) is prepared with a yeast dough while yufka is typically unleavened.

Noon chai
Noon chai (Kashmiri pronunciation: [nuːnɨ t͡ʃaːj]) or Sheer chai ([ʃiːrʲ t͡ʃaːj]), (also called Kashmiri tea, pink tea and gulabi chai) is a traditional tea beverage originating in Kashmir. It is made with gunpowder tea (green tea leaves rolled into small balls), milk and baking soda. It has become popular in Pakistan, India and the Caribbean.
Infinitary combinatorics
In mathematics, infinitary combinatorics, or combinatorial set theory, is an extension of ideas in combinatorics to infinite sets.
Some of the things studied include continuous graphs and trees, extensions of Ramsey's theorem, and Martin's axiom.
Recent developments concern combinatorics of the continuum and combinatorics on successors of singular cardinals.

Continuum (set theory)
In the mathematical field of set theory, the continuum means the real numbers, or the corresponding (infinite) cardinal number, denoted by . Georg Cantor proved that the cardinality  is larger than the smallest infinity, namely, . He also proved that  is equal to , the cardinality of the power set of the natural numbers.

The cardinality of the continuum is the size of the set of real numbers. The continuum hypothesis is sometimes stated by saying that no cardinality lies between that of the continuum and that of the natural numbers, , or alternatively, that .