hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Dallas Cowboys season
The 2015 season was the Dallas Cowboys' 56th in the National Football League (NFL), their seventh playing home games at AT&T Stadium and their fifth full season under head coach Jason Garrett. They finished the regular season with a 4–12 record, which was their first losing season since 2010, their worst since 1989, when they went 1–15, and the first time (and, as of the 2024 season, only time) the Cowboys finished in last place in the NFC East since 2002.

Despite starting 2–0, they would struggle immensely. Key injuries, including starting quarterback Tony Romo were factors in their struggles of the season. They were eliminated from playoff contention with their Week 15 loss to the New York Jets. This would be the last losing season for the Cowboys until 2020.

NFC East
The National Football Conference – Eastern Division or NFC East  is one of the four divisions of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). It has four members: the Dallas Cowboys, New York Giants, Philadelphia Eagles, and Washington Commanders.

The division was formed in 1967 as the National Football League Capitol Division and acquired its current name in 1970 following the AFL–NFL merger. The NFC East is currently the only division in the league in which all four current teams have not only won at least one Super Bowl, but also at least two. With 14 Super Bowl titles, the NFC East is currently the most successful division in the NFL during the Super Bowl era, with the AFC West second with ten titles. The Dallas Cowboys have the most Super Bowl titles in the division, winning five. The New York Giants have won four, the Washington Commanders have three, and the Philadelphia Eagles have two Super Bowl victories.
Jerzy Treder
Jerzy Treder (14 April 1942 – 2 April 2015) was a Polish philologist and linguist, focusing on Kashubian studies, among other interests. He was born in Weißfluß, Rahmel (now Biała Rzeka, Rumia), in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia of Nazi Germany. In 1987–1990 he was deputy director of the Institute of Polish Philology in Gdańsk University.

Kashubian studies
Kashubian studies, a branch of Slavic studies, is a philological discipline researching the language, literature, culture, and history of the Kashubians.

The main centre for development of Kashubian studies is the University of Gdańsk, Poland - since 2014 Kashubian Ethno-Philology Studies at Gdańsk University. Since 2009, the Institute of Polish Language and Literature at the university has operated a teaching specialisation: teaching of Polish and Kashubian language and culture studies (Kashubian studies) within its Polish studies program. It is in accordance with Article 8, paragraph 1 a (i), b (i), c (i), d (iii), e (ii) of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is in force in Poland, and concerns the opportunity to learn regional languages at all levels, from preschool to university.

Since 1999, the Kashubian Institute has published an interdisciplinary journal on Kashubian studies, Acta Cassubiana.
2013 Independent Spirit Awards
The 2013 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to:

28th Independent Spirit Awards, a ceremony held in 2013, honoring the films of 2012

29th Independent Spirit Awards, a ceremony held in 2014, honoring the films of 2013

28th Independent Spirit Awards
The 28th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best independent films of 2012, were presented on February 23, 2013. The nominations were announced on November 27, 2012. The ceremony was hosted by Andy Samberg.
Finchley Road railway station
Finchley Road railway station was built by the Midland Railway (MR) in 1868 on its extension to St. Pancras. Situated at the north end of the Belsize Tunnels, it served the newly developed area of St John's Wood.

For a short period from 1878 until 1880, the MR operated the Super Outer Circle service through the station from St. Pancras to Earl's Court Underground station via tracks through Cricklewood, then using the Dudding Hill Line to South Acton and Hammersmith.

The station was rebuilt in 1884 and closed in 1927. Very little of the station buildings other than rubble remain, though the island platform's contours still determine the track layout. As of February 2009 the station area was being offered for sale with a view to redevelopment.

The present-day Finchley Road & Frognal railway station is on the old London and North Western Railway line from Willesden to Camden Town, which crosses the MR line a little way north.

Cricklewood railway station
Cricklewood railway station is on the Midland Main Line in England, serving the town of Cricklewood in the London Borough of Barnet, north London. It is 5 miles 9 chains (8.2 km) down the line from St Pancras and is situated between West Hampstead Thameslink to the south and Brent Cross West to the north. Its three-letter station code is CRI.

It is served by Thameslink services on the cross-London Thameslink route. It is in London fare zone 3.
Martin P. Vangsli
Martin P. Vangsli (February 1, 1903 – June 5, 1976) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1937 (Shared with Olaf Hoffsbakken and Birger Ruud). At the 1931 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, Vangsli earned a silver in the 50 km.

Holmenkollen Medal
The Holmenkollen Medal (Norwegian: Holmenkollenmedaljen) is an annual honorary skiing award that has been issued by the Skiforeningen in Norway since 1895. It recognizes the outstanding achievements of skiing athletes who place at the top of international championships and at Holmenkollen Ski Festival events, as well as those who contribute to advancement of the sport of skiing. The Holmenkollen Medal is considered Norwegian skiing highest honor.
Gödenroth
Gödenroth (German pronunciation: [ˈɡøːdn̩ʁoːt]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kastellaun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Next operation as customer
In quality engineering, Next Operation as Customer (NOAC)  is a total quality management approach whereby all company internal customers and processes are both receivers and providers. In management consulting, the NOAC approach enables the evaluation of processes with internal customers before extending them to external clients.

The term was coined by Kaoru Ishikawa.

Quality engineering
Quality engineering is the discipline of engineering concerned with the principles and practice of product and service quality assurance and control. In software development, it is the management, development, operation and maintenance of IT systems and enterprise architectures with high quality standard.
Board of Studies
The Board of Studies was the state government education board in New South Wales, Australia from 1990 to 2013. It provided educational leadership by developing the curriculum from Kindergarten to Year 12 and awarding the secondary school credentials Record of School Achievement and Higher School Certificate.

The Board of Studies amalgamated with the NSW Institute of Teachers on 1 January 2014 to form the Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW (BOSTES).

Higher School Certificate (New South Wales)
The Higher School Certificate (HSC) is the credential awarded to secondary school students who successfully complete senior high school level studies (Years 10, 11 and 12 or equivalent) in New South Wales and some ACT schools in Australia, as well as some international schools in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, and Papua New Guinea. It was first introduced in 1967, and is currently developed and managed by the NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA).
Arborfield and Newland
Arborfield and Newland is a civil parish in the Wokingham district of Berkshire, England.  It had a population of 2,228 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 3,115 at the 2011 Census.  It includes Arborfield, Arborfield Cross, part of Arborfield Green, Newland and Carter's Hill.

Borough of Wokingham
Wokingham, or the Borough of Wokingham, is a local government district with borough status in Berkshire, England. Since 1998 its council has been a unitary authority, having taken on county-level functions when Berkshire County Council was abolished. The borough is named after its main town, Wokingham. Other places in the district include Arborfield, Barkham, Charvil, Earley, Finchampstead, Hurst, Remenham, Ruscombe, Shinfield, Sonning, Spencers Wood, Three Mile Cross, Twyford, Wargrave, Winnersh and Woodley. Part of Crowthorne is also within the borough and forms part of the parish of Wokingham Without. The population of the borough is 177,500 according to 2021 census.
1947 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1947 Villanova Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Villanova University as an independent during the 1947 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Jordan Olivar, the team compiled a 6–3–1 record and lost to Kentucky in the 1947 Great Lakes Bowl.

Villanova was ranked at No. 47 (out of 500 college football teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1947.

The team played three of its home games at Shibe Park in Philadelphia and one game at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.

Jordan Olivar
Jordan A. Olivar (January 30, 1915 – October 17, 1990) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at Villanova College—now known as Villanova University—from 1943 to 1948, at Loyola University of Los Angeles—now known as Loyola Marymount University—from 1949 to 1951, and at Yale University from 1952 to 1962, compiling an overall record of 111–63–8.  Olivar led the Yale Bulldogs to two Ivy League championships, in 1956 and 1960.  The 1960 Yale team finished the season ranked 14 in the AP Poll, which is the most recent year end poll in which Yale has been within the top 25. He died of lung cancer on October 17, 1990, at his home in Inglewood, California.
Maarat al-Numan
Maarat al-Numan (Arabic: مَعَرَّةُ النُّعْمَانِ, romanized: Maʿarrat an-Nuʿmān), also known as al-Ma'arra, is a city in northwestern Syria, 33 km (21 mi) south of Idlib and 57 km (35 mi) north of Hama, with a population of 58,008 at the time of the 2004 census. In 2017, it was estimated to have a population of 80,000, including several displaced by fighting in neighbouring towns. It is located on the highway between Aleppo and Hama and near the Dead Cities of Bara and Serjilla.

Idlib
Idlib (Arabic: إِدْلِب, romanized: ʾIdlib, pronounced [ʔid.lib]; also spelt Idleb or Edlib) is a city in northwestern Syria, and is the capital of the Idlib Governorate. It has an elevation of nearly 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level, and is 59 kilometers (37 mi) southwest of Aleppo. It is located near the border with Turkey.
Gebchak Gonpa
Gebchak Gonpa - also spelled Gecha Gon, Gechak, Gechag, and Gebchak Gompa - lies in the remote mountains of Nangchen, Eastern Tibet  (Nangqian County, Qinghai Province, PRC). It is the home of a spiritual lineage of female practitioners, or yogini, a nunnery of 350 nuns and the heart of a renowned practice tradition. Gebchak's practices come mainly from the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, while the Nunnery has been closely affiliated over its history with the Drukpa Kagyu lineage and with the Nangchen royal family.

Gebchak Gonpa is renowned for its training of female practitioners, and its large number of branch nunneries and monasteries following its practice traditions.  Gebchak's yogini nuns are famed for their accomplishments in profound yogas and meditation, particularly in tsa lung and Dzogchen. Elderly nuns resident today say they witnessed practitioners attain the rainbow body of spiritual accomplishment in the early days of the nunnery.

Rainbow body
In Dzogchen, rainbow body
(Tibetan: འཇའ་ལུས་, Wylie: 'ja' lus, Jalü or Jalus) is a level of realization where the physical body transmutes into light. This may or may not be accompanied by the 'rainbow body phenomenon'. The rainbow body phenomenon is pre-Buddhist in origin and is related to the indigenous Tibetan Bon religion. It is a topic which has been treated fairly seriously in Tibet for centuries past and into the modern era. Other Vajrayana teachings also mention rainbow body phenomena which occur during or after the dying process.
Porcia gens
The gens Porcia, rarely written Portia, was a plebeian family at Ancient Rome.  Its members first appear in history during the third century BC.  The first of the gens to achieve the consulship was Marcus Porcius Cato in 195 BC, and from then until imperial times, the Porcii regularly occupied the highest offices of the Roman state.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
To the Point
To the Point was an hour-long public affairs radio program  co-produced by KCRW in Santa Monica, California and Public Radio International. The program originated at KCRW at 1 pm Pacific Time each weekday. Award-winning journalist Warren Olney hosts the show; it was syndicated nationwide by PRI and aired in 15 states and Washington, D.C. by Public Radio International. KCRW continues to podcast the program monthly.

KCRW
KCRW (89.9 FM) is an NPR member station broadcasting from the KCRW Media Center on the Center for Media and Design campus of Santa Monica College on Stewart Street in Santa Monica, California, where the station is licensed. KCRW airs original news and music programming in addition to programming from NPR and other affiliates. A network of repeaters and broadcast translators, as well as internet radio, allows the station to serve the Greater Los Angeles area and other communities in Southern California. The station's main transmitter is located in Los Angeles's Laurel Canyon district, adjacent to Mulholland Drive at the end of Briarcrest Road, and broadcasts in the HD radio format. It is one of two full NPR members in the Los Angeles area; Pasadena-based KPCC is the other.
Dynamic tonality
Dynamic tonality is a paradigm for tuning and timbre which generalizes the special relationship between just intonation and the harmonic series to apply to a wider set of pseudo-just tunings and related pseudo-harmonic timbres.

The main limitation of dynamic tonality is that it is best used with compatible isomorphic keyboard instruments and compatible synthesizers, or with voices and instruments whose sounds are transformed in real time via compatible digital tools.

Rank of an abelian group
In mathematics, the rank, Prüfer rank, or torsion-free rank of an abelian group A is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset. The rank of A determines the size of the largest free abelian group contained in A. If A is torsion-free then it embeds into a vector space over the rational numbers of dimension rank A. For finitely generated abelian groups, rank is a strong invariant and every such group is determined up to isomorphism by its rank and torsion subgroup. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified. However, the theory of abelian groups of higher rank is more involved.

The term rank has a different meaning in the context of elementary abelian groups.
Alberta Highway 12
Highway 12 is an east-west highway through central Alberta. It runs from Highway 22, through Lacombe and Stettler, to the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. It generally runs parallel to Highway 13 to the north. Highway 12 is about 364 kilometres (226 mi) long.

Alberta Highway 22
Highway 22, officially named Cowboy Trail, is a 584-kilometre (363 mi) highway in the Canadian province of Alberta. It generally parallels Highway 2, beginning in the foothills of southern Alberta at Highway 3 near Lundbreck Falls.  It proceeds north along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains passing through the foothills and ranch country to the aspen parkland of northern Alberta, ending at Highway 18 near Mayerthorpe.

Cowboy Trail continues south and east of Highway 22 by following Highway 3 to Pincher Creek, Highway 6 to Waterton Lakes National Park, and Highway 5 to Cardston.

Alberta Transportation is currently constructing a new interchange at the over-saturated intersection of Highways 22 and 1A in Cochrane.  There are also long-term plans for twinning from Bragg Creek to the north end of Cochrane, and the implementation of passing lanes near the highway's south end.
Candice Iloh
Candice Iloh (stylized in lowercase as candice iloh) is a queer, first-generation Nigerian-American writer, poet, educator and dancer. Their debut novel, Every Body Looking,  was a finalist for the National Book Award for Young People's Literature and Michael L. Printz Award honor book.

Lambda Literary Foundation
The Lambda Literary Foundation (also known as Lambda Literary) is an American LGBTQ literary organization whose mission is to nurture and advocate for LGBTQ writers, elevating the impact of their words to create community, preserve their legacies, and affirm the value of LGBTQ stories and lives.
Hutchison Whampoa Property
Hutchison Whampoa Property Group was the property development and investment arm of Hutchison Whampoa of Hong Kong.

In 2015, the company was spun-out of Cheung Kong Holdings to form part of Cheung Kong Property Holdings. Hutchison Whampoa Properties Limited has since been renamed Hutchison Property Group Limited (和記地產集團有限公司).

Cheung Kong Holdings
Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited is a multinational conglomerate, based in Hong Kong. It was one of Hong Kong's leading multi-national conglomerates. The company merged with its subsidiary Hutchison Whampoa on 3 June 2015, as part of a major reorganisation, to become part of CK Hutchison Holdings.

The Chairman of Cheung Kong Holdings was Li Ka-shing, while his elder son, Victor Li, was managing director and deputy chairman. Li Ka-shing founded Cheung Kong Industries in the 1950s as a plastics manufacturer. Eventually the company evolved into a property investment company. Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited was established in 1971.

The Cheung Kong Group develops residential, office, retail, industrial and hotel properties in Hong Kong, with a history of property development and residential estates. As part of a reorganisation, a new company composed of the group's property assets was spun-off in June 2015 as Cheung Kong Property Holdings.
Idia forbesii
Idia forbesii, or Forbes' idia moth, is a litter moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by George Hazen French in 1894. It is found in North America from Wisconsin to Quebec, south to Florida and Texas.

The wingspan is about 17 mm. There is one generation in the north and multiple generations in the south.

Larvae feed on detritus, including dead leaves.

Herminiinae
The Herminiinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The members of the subfamily are called litter moths because the caterpillars of most members feed on dead leaves of plants, though others feed on living leaves, and/or the mushrooms of fungi as in the case of genus Idia.
Agricola (vehicles)
Agricola (G. Tsolakidis & Co. O.E.) was a Greek maker of 4x4 multi-purpose trucks and other farm machinery based in Thessaloniki. The Agricola 25 GT 4x4 truck was a fairly advanced design introduced in 1975, with enhanced all-terrain capabilities, a metal cab and Mercedes-Benz 180D Diesel engine. It was a typical Greek multi-purpose truck with a payload of 1,650 kg (3,638 lb) and a maximum speed 80 km/h (50 mph). The cab was designed by Georgios Michael, designer of other Greek vehicles including the Neorion Chicago and the MAVA-Renault Farma. The vehicle was produced until 1984.

Renault Farma
The Renault Farma is a compact automobile produced by Renault and was available in various versions, including passenger and van types. It was equipped with a 4-cylinder, 845 cc engine producing 34 hp (25 kW) and could achieve a top speed of approximately 110 km/h (68 mph).
Gmina Telatyn
Gmina Telatyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Telatyn, which lies approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski and 120 km (75 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 109.66 square kilometres (42.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,461 (4,252 in 2013).

Tomaszów County, Lublin Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tomaszów Lubelski, which lies 107 kilometres (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The only other towns in the county are Tyszowce, lying 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Tomaszów, and Łaszczów, lying 25 km (16 mi) east of Tomaszów.

The county covers an area of 1,487.1 square kilometres (574.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population was 80,701, including a population of 19,050 in Tomaszów Lubelski, 2,112 in Tyszowce, 2,139 in Łaszczów, and a rural population of 57,400.
Flynn, Australian Capital Territory
Flynn is a suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

The suburb is named after John Flynn, who was a Presbyterian minister and missionary who was mainly responsible for the formation of the Australian Inland Mission Aerial Medical service in 1928. Flynn was the forerunner of the Royal Flying Doctor Service in Australia. Streets in Flynn are named after workers in the flying doctor service, and the suburb name 'Flynn' was gazetted on 9 September 1971.
Flynn is located between Tillyard Drive, Kingsford Smith Drive and Ginninderra Drive and is next to the suburbs of Charnwood, Fraser, Melba, Latham and Spence.

In 2011, the median house price for the suburb of Flynn was A$475,000.

Melba Copland Secondary School
Melba Copland Secondary School opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School.
Puncuyoc
Puncuyoc (possibly from Quechua punku door, -yuq a suffix, "the one with a door") is a mountain north of the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,400 m (14,400 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province, Ocobamba District. Puncuyoc lies northeast of Llaulliyoc.

Urubamba mountain range
The Urubamba mountain range (possibly from Quechua uru spider, pampa a plain) lies in the Cusco Region in Peru. It extends in a northwesterly direction between 13°08' and 13°17'S and 71°58' and 72°16'W for about 30 km.