hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Corkum
Paul Bruce Corkum OC OOnt FRSC FRS  (born October 30, 1943) is a Canadian physicist specializing in attosecond physics and laser science. He holds a joint University of Ottawa–NRC chair in attosecond photonics. He also holds academic positions at Texas A&M University and the University of New Mexico. Corkum is both a theorist and an experimentalist. He is known for developing the theory of attosecond physics.

Isaac Newton Medal
The Isaac Newton Medal and Prize is a gold medal awarded annually by the Institute of Physics (IOP) accompanied by a prize of £1,000. The award is given to a physicist, regardless of subject area, background or nationality, for outstanding contributions to physics. The award winner is invited to give a lecture at the institute. It is named in honour of Sir Isaac Newton. The award is recognized as the most prestigious award of the IOP.

The first medal was awarded in 2008 to Anton Zeilinger, having been announced in 2007. It gained national recognition in the UK in 2013 when it was awarded for technology that could lead to an 'invisibility cloak'. By 2018 it was recognised internationally as the highest honour from the IOP. In 2020, a citation study identified it as one of the five most prestigious prizes in physics, ranking third.
Lawrence Hill
Lawrence Hill (born January 24, 1957) is a Canadian novelist, essayist, and memoirist. He is known for his 2007 novel The Book of Negroes, inspired by the Black Loyalists given freedom and resettled in Nova Scotia by the British after the American Revolutionary War, and his 2001 memoir Black Berry, Sweet Juice: On Being Black and White in Canada. The Book of Negroes was adapted for a TV mini-series produced in 2015. He was selected in 2013 for the Massey Lectures: he drew from his non-fiction book Blood: The Stuff of Life, published that year. His ten books include other non-fiction and fictional works, and some have been translated into other languages and published in numerous other countries.

Hill was born in Newmarket, Ontario, to an American couple who had immigrated to Toronto from Washington, D.C., in 1953. His father was black and his mother was white. Hill served as chair of the jury for the 2016 Scotiabank Giller Prize.

Présence Africaine
Présence Africaine (French for African Presence) is a pan-African quarterly cultural, political, and literary magazine, published in Paris, France, and founded by Alioune Diop in 1947. In 1949, Présence Africaine expanded to include a publishing house and a bookstore on rue des Écoles in the Latin Quarter of Paris. The journal was highly influential in the Pan-Africanist movement, the decolonisation struggle of former French colonies, and the birth of the Négritude movement.
Makunda River
The Makunda River is a branch of the Surma in Chhatak and Bishwanath Upazilas, Sunamganj District, Bangladesh. Many important places such as Rajagonj, Boiragi Bazar, Koro Para village, Singer Kach Bazaar, Lakeshbor, Buria and Jahedpur are located on the banks of the Makunda.

Surma River
The Surma (Bengali: সুরমা নদী, romanized: Śurmā nôdī) is a major transboundary river in Bangladesh and Assam, part of the Surma-Meghna River System. It starts when the Barak River from northeast India divides at the Bangladesh border into the Surma and the Kushiyara rivers at the junction of Cachar and Karimganj districts. It ends in Kishoreganj District, above Bhairab Bāzār, where the two rivers rejoin to form the Meghna River, which ultimately flows into the Bay of Bengal in Bhola District.
Dale Farm
Dale Farm is a plot of land situated on Oak Lane in Crays Hill, Essex, United Kingdom. Until October 2011, it was the site of one of the largest Traveller concentrations in the UK, at its height housing over 1,000 people, along with the adjacent Oak Lane site. Although Basildon District Council had granted permission for the site to be used by a small number of Traveller families, no planning permission was given for the expansion of the site into land located within the Green Belt.

The establishment of the illegal plots led to Basildon District Council conducting a ten-year legal battle in the High Court to gain a clearance order to evict the Travellers from Dale Farm. The decision to bring in police officers to remove some activists and residents from the site and give safe access to the contracted bailiffs gained international press coverage, with the overall eviction costing the council £4.8 million.

Borough of Basildon
The Borough of Basildon is a local government district with borough status in Essex, England. It is named after its largest town, Basildon, where the council is based. The borough also includes the towns of Billericay and Wickford, and surrounding rural areas.

The borough borders the City of Chelmsford to the north, the Borough of Brentwood to the west, the Thurrock unitary authority area to the south, the Borough of Castle Point to the south-east, and Rochford District to the north-east.
Joep Leerssen
Joseph Theodoor "Joep" Leerssen (born 12 June 1955, Leiden)  is a Dutch comparatist and cultural historian. He is Emeritus Professor of Modern European Literature at the University of Amsterdam, and Emeritus Professor at Maastricht University with a research brief on "Limburg and Europe". He was awarded the Spinozapremie in 2008 and the Madame de Staël Prize in 2020.

Spinoza Prize
The Spinoza Prize (Dutch: Spinozapremie) is an annual award of 1.5 million euro prize money, to be spent on new research given by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The award is the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. It is named after the philosopher Baruch de Spinoza.

The prize is awarded to researchers in the Netherlands who belong to the best in their field. Academics can nominate each other and an international commission evaluates the submissions. It is sometimes referred to as the Dutch Nobel Prize.
Charles La Tourasse
Charles La Tourasse (1630–38 – 9 October 1696) was a sergeant in the French garrison at the time of the Battle of Port Royal.

Tourasse was born in France. William Phips placed him at the head of a council of locals (that notably included Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle) to govern the colony in his absence. Tourasse's tenure in authority ended with Joseph Robineau de Villebon's arrival, but Tourasse remained in command of Port Royal. Latourasse was killed by Benjamin Church in the Siege of Fort Nashwaak in Nova Scotia, around 9 October 1696, but the date is not firmly established.

Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle
Alexandre le Borgne de Belle-Isle (1640 – c. 1693), the son of Emmanuel Le Borgne, was a temporary governor of Acadia and seigneur of Port Royal. Around 1675, he married Marie de Saint-Étienne de La Tour, daughter of Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour and Jeanne Motin de Reux, widow of Acadian Governor, Charles de Menou d'Aulnay. In 1690, he was an interpreter in the negotiation of the surrender of Port Royal to William Phips.

Le Borgne inherited his rights in Acadia from his father, who, in turn, claimed the governorship and seigneurial rights in Acadia on the death of d'Aulnay in 1650, due to large debts owed. Although the governorship passed to Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine in 1670, Le Borgne exercised seigneurial rights over Port Royal until his death.

The seigneurial rights asserted by the Le Borgne father and son since 1650 were always disputed by the heirs of d'Aulnay, and would be settled by an edict from the French Royal Council in 1703.
Lewis Westaway
Lewis John Westaway (November 12, 1821 – November 23, 1885) was a merchant, ship's captain, ship owner and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 5th Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1876 to 1879 as a Liberal.

He was born in Georgetown, Prince Edward Island, the son of Roger Dart Westaway and Damaris Watts, both immigrants from England. Westaway defeated Archibald John Macdonald by one vote in 1876 to win a seat in the provincial assembly. He was defeated by Macdonald when he ran for reelection in 1879. For a time, Westaway was a business partner of Malcolm MacDonald. Besides owning large ships and steamships, he also owned hotels, a foundry and a shipyard. Westaway died in Georgetown at the age of 64.

Archibald John Macdonald (Prince Edward Island politician)
Archibald John Macdonald (October 10, 1834 – August 18, 1917) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 5th Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island as a Conservative member from 1872 to 1876 and from 1879 to 1912.

He was born in Panmure Island, the son of Hugh Macdonald and Catherine McDonald, and was educated at Georgetown and at the Central Academy (later Prince of Wales College) in Charlottetown. He went into business with his older brother Andrew Archibald and his younger brother Augustine Colin. In 1873, he married Marion Murphy. Macdonald was a justice of the peace, a customs collector at Georgetown and was also a consular agent for the United States. He served as a member of the province's Executive Council from 1873 to 1876 and again in 1883.

Macdonald was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1876. He also served as sheriff for Kings County. He died in Georgetown at the age of 72.
EAR 30 class
The EAR 30 class was a class of oil-burning 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 2-8-4 steam locomotives. The class was built in 1955 by North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow, Scotland, for the East African Railways (EAR).  Its design was derived from the 2-8-2 EAR 29 class, which, in turn, was based upon the Nigerian Railways River class.

The 26 members of the class served their entire careers in Tanganyika/Tanzania, one of the three territories/countries served by the EAR.

2-8-4
Under the Whyte notation, a 2-8-4 is a steam locomotive that has two unpowered leading wheels, followed by eight coupled and powered  driving wheels, and four trailing wheels. This locomotive type is most often referred to as a Berkshire, though the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway used the name Kanawha for their 2-8-4s. In Europe, this wheel arrangement was mostly seen in mainline passenger express locomotives and, in certain countries, in tank locomotives.
Roberto Nicolosi
Roberto Nicolosi (November 16, 1914 – April 4, 1989) was an Italian jazz double-bassist and leader born in Genoa.

Nicolosi learned piano, violin, guitar, trumpet, and vibraphone in addition to the bass, and worked extensively as an arranger, including for Kramer Gorni and Aldo Rossi. He led his own ensembles in the 1950s which included Franco Cerri, Gil Cuppini, Oscar Valdambrini, and Glauco Masetti. He also composed film scores in the 1950s and 1960s.

Glauco Masetti
Glauco Masetti (April 19, 1922, Milan - May 27, 2001, Milan) was an Italian jazz reedist.

Masetti was classically trained on violin, attending the Milan and Turin conservatories, and was an autodidact on reed instruments. In the late 1940s, he worked with Gil Cuppini for the first time, an association that would continue into the 1960s. He worked often as a session musician in the first half of the 1950s with Gianni Basso and Oscar Valdambrini among others. He led his own ensemble from 1955, and he played with Eraldo Volonté from 1956 to 1958 and with Chet Baker in 1959. In addition to working with Cuppini for most of the 1960s, he also played with Giorgio Gaslini during that decade.
Mieji-juku
Mieji-juku (美江寺宿, Mieji-juku) was the fifty-fifth of the  sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now part of the city of Mizuho, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Mino Province
Mino Province (美濃国, Mino no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.no (no kɯ.ɲi), mʲi.noꜜ-]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by  Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbreviated form name was Nōshū or Jōshū (濃州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Mino was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital and ichinomiya were located in what is now the town of Tarui.
Football at the 1983 South Pacific Games
Football was contested as part of the programme for the 1983 South Pacific Games which was hosted in Apia, Western Samoa from 5 to 16 September 1983. It was the seventh edition of the men's football tournament at the multi-sport event organised by the Pacific Games Council.

The football tournament began with the first matches of the group stage on 20 August 1983 and ended with the gold medal match on 15 September 1983. The tournament marked the only appearance of the Niue national football team who were eliminated in the group stage after heavily losing both their matches.

The final, which was contested by 1979 finalists Fiji and two-time defending champions Tahiti, was marred by violence after the referee was injured and a Fijian player arrested. Tahiti defeated Fiji 1–0 to win the gold medal. In the bronze medal match, the New Caledonia defeated Papua New Guinea 2–1.

Football at the Pacific Games
Association football has been regularly included in the Pacific Games, the multi-sports event for Pacific nations, territories and dependencies, since 1963. Until 2011 the competition was known as the South Pacific Games.

Since 1971 the men's tournament has been held every four years, but was not played in 1999 due to contractual issues.  In 2007, the men's competition doubled as the Oceania Football Confederation's preliminary qualifying competition for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The men's tournament also became the Olympic qualifier for Oceania for the 2015 edition.

The women's tournament was introduced in 2003, and has doubled up as the preliminary qualifying competition for the Olympic Games since 2007. Football was a compulsory inclusion at the Pacific Games for men's teams for many years but was made a core sport for both men's and women's teams in 2017. Football has also been held at several editions of the Pacific Mini Games, starting with the first tournament in 1981.
Canadian Chamber Choir
The Canadian Chamber Choir (Choeur de chambre du Canada)'s mission is to build community through choral singing. The CCC is a national ensemble that provides a professional choral environment for Canadian singers, conductors, and composers, and travels across Canada to promote Canadian choral music. Under the artistic direction of Julia Davids, the CCC convenes in different regions of Canada twice a year, offering concerts and mentoring choral practitioners of all ages and stages.

Gretna, Manitoba
Gretna is an unincorporated urban community in the Municipality of Rhineland within the Canadian province of Manitoba that held town status prior to January 1, 2015. Just north of the Canada - United States border on PTH 30, Gretna had a population of 541 in 2016. It is bordered by Pembina County, North Dakota. The nearest American community to Gretna is Neche, North Dakota.
Thiruchitrambalam (soundtrack)
Thiruchitrambalam is the soundtrack album to the 2022 film of the same name directed by Mithran R. Jawahar and produced by Sun Pictures. Starring Dhanush, Nithya Menen, Raashii Khanna, Priya Bhavani Shankar, Bharathiraja and Prakash Raj, the film's musical score is composed by Anirudh Ravichander, and featured five songs, with four of them were released as singles prior to the album and film release, and the fifth track was later unveiled as a bonus song from the film. One of the songs in the film were written by Vivek, while Dhanush wrote the remainder of it and also sung for three tracks. Anirudh and composer Santhosh Narayanan recorded one song each for the album.

Thanga Magan (2015 film)
Thanga Magan (transl. Golden Son) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by R. Velraj. Dhanush produced the film and stars alongside Samantha Ruth Prabhu and Amy Jackson, while K. S. Ravikumar and Radhika Sarathkumar play supporting roles. It follows a man whose peaceful life is disrupted by his father's suicide, prompting him to investigate.

The film was announced in December 2014. Filming took place between March and October 2015, with the film remaining untitled until after completion. The music composed by Anirudh Ravichander. It was released on 18 December 2015 and became a box office failure.
Crystal skipper
The crystal skipper (Atrytonopsis quinteri) is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae that is found only along a 30-mile (50 km) stretch of barrier islands in North Carolina. The skipper was first discovered in 1978 and the paper describing it as a full species was published in 2015.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia
The Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (ALSWA) is an organisation in Western Australia, founded in the early 1970s, that provides legal services to Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. It receives financial grants from the Commonwealth Department of the Australian Attorney General and follows conditions required by that Department. It commenced its Custody Notification Service on 2 October 2019.

Attorney-General's Department (Australia)
The Attorney-General's Department, also known as the Department of the Attorney-General, is the law enforcement and justice department of the Australian Government. The department is responsible for improving Australia's federal law and justice framework and provides legal services to the Australian Government. The department also oversees various sub-agencies and services including the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) and the Director of Public Prosecutions.

The head of the department is Attorney-General for Australia, currently Michelle Rowland, who is assisted by the Secretary of the Attorney-General's Department, currently Katherine Jones PSM.
Meknes Honor Stadium
Honneur Stadium, officially Stade d'Honneur in French, is a multi-use stadium in Meknes, Morocco. It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the home games of COD Meknès. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 people.

33°53′30″N 5°32′22″W﻿ / ﻿33.891534°N 5.539577°W﻿ / 33.891534; -5.539577

COD Meknès
COD Meknès (Arabic: النادي المكناسي), also called Club Omnisports De Meknès is a Moroccan football club based in Meknes. The club came into being when four local teams; Rachad Meknassi, ASTF, Atlas and Alismailia merged on 21 June 1962.
Radeon 300 series
The Radeon 300 series is a series of graphics processors developed by AMD. These GPUs are based on the Graphics Core Next (GCN) microarchitecture, and are produced with TSMC's 28 nm process.

The series introduces two new GPUs, "Tonga" and "Fiji", based on GCN 3 microarchitecture; various older GPUs are also rebranded under the series. The Tonga was first introduced with Radeon R9 285 graphics card, and Fiji first with R9 Fury X. Fiji is the first GPU to utilize High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), a type of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) co-developed between AMD and SK Hynix. Non-Fiji GPUs feature the traditional GDDR5 memory. AMD released the R9 390X on June 18, 2015, the flagship Fury X on June 24, and the Radeon Pro Duo with two Fiji GPUs on a single card, on April 26, 2016.

Die (integrated circuit)
In the context of integrated circuits, a die is a block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated. Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon (EGS) or other semiconductor (such as GaAs) through processes such as photolithography. The wafer is cut (diced) into many pieces, each containing one copy of the circuit. Each of these pieces is called a die.

There are three commonly used plural forms: dice, dies, and die. To simplify handling and integration onto a printed circuit board, most dies are packaged in various forms.
Nor Farhan Muhammad
Mohd Nor Farhan Bin Muhammad, P.B. (born 19 December 1984) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as forward or attacking midfielder.

Farhan's international senior debut was against Singapore on 31 May 2006. He also played in 2006 Asian Games in Doha, representing Malaysia U-23 team.

2012 Malaysia Super League
The 2012 Liga Super, also known as the Astro Liga Super for sponsorship reasons, was the ninth season of the Liga Super, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 10 January and concluded on 14 July 2012.

The Liga Super champions for 2012 was Kelantan.
Robert de Castella
Francois Robert de Castella (born 27 February 1957) is an Australian former world champion marathon runner.

De Castella is widely known as "Deek" or "Deeks" to the Australian public, and "Tree" to his competitors due to his thick legs and inner calm. He holds the Oceanic record for the marathon.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.

United States Adult Soccer Association
The United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) is a national organization for amateur soccer in the United States. It consists of 54 state associations in four regions, as well as national, regional, and state leagues. It compares to the United States Youth Soccer Association and its 54 affiliated State Associations – as it was once all one bodied structure.