hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wheat Improvement Strategic Programme
The Wheat Improvement Strategic Programme (WISP) is a  Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded collaborative programme for wheat improvement, which brings together experts from five UK institutions: John Innes Centre, Rothamsted Research, the National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB) and the University of Nottingham, and the University of Bristol.
The programme is divided into four pillars (Landraces, Synthetics, Alien Introgression, Elite Wheats) and two themes (Phenotyping and Genotyping).

John Innes Centre
The John Innes Centre (JIC), located in Norwich, Norfolk, England, is an independent centre for research and training in plant and microbial science founded in 1910. It is a registered charity (No 223852) grant-aided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the European Research Council (ERC) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and is a member of the Norwich Research Park. In 2017, the John Innes Centre was awarded a gold Athena SWAN Charter award.
Kenneth Edgeworth
Kenneth Essex Edgeworth DSO MC (26 February 1880 – 10 October 1972) was an Irish army officer, engineer, economist and independent theoretical astronomer. He was born in Street, County Westmeath. Edgeworth is best known for proposing the existence of a disc of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune in the 1930s. Observations later confirmed the existence of the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt in 1992. Those distant solar system bodies, including Pluto, Eris and Makemake, are now grouped into the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, or Kuiper belt.

Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and information technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers and the new organisation is Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Notable past presidents have included Lord Kelvin (1889), Sir Joseph Swan (1898) and Sebastian de Ferranti (1910–11). Notable chairmen include John M. M. Munro (1910–11).
St Combs
St Combs is a small fishing village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, immediately southeast of Inverallochy. It has existed since at least the 17th century, and takes its name from a church to St Colm (or Columba) that used to exist in the area and was abandoned in 1607. Only a fragment of it remains. The remains of Lonmay Castle are also in the area. The village sits across Loch Strathbeg from Rattray.

Loch of Strathbeg
The Loch of Strathbeg is a shallow freshwater loch on the coast of Buchan in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It lies within the parishes of Lonmay and Crimond. The loch is a designated special protection area because of its importance to birdlife and is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, which operates a visitor centre at Starnafin. It is visited in the winter months by at least 20,000 birds, including pink-footed geese, whooper swans, and teals.
Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey
Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey (Türkiye İzcilik Federasyonu, TİF) is the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Turkey. It serves 33,974 Scouts (as of 2011) and 2,883 Guides (as of 2006). The federation is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement since 1950, and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts since 1987.

J. S. Wilson
Colonel John Skinner "Belge" Wilson (1888–1969) was a Scottish scouting luminary and friend and contemporary of General Baden-Powell, recruited by him to head the World Organization of the Scout Movement's bureau. Wilson was its acting director from 1938 to 1939, following the death of Hubert S. Martin.  He was elected in 1939 and remained in office until 1951. He then became Honorary President of WOSM for four years.
Fatima D'Souza
Fatima Apolonia Claudina D'Souza (born 15 November 1954) is an Indian actress and singer known for her work in Konkani films and tiatr productions. Referred to as the "English Madam" by Konkani playwright John Claro, she made her debut on the Konkani stage as child Jesus in J. P. Souzalin's religious tiatr Saibinnicheo Sat Dukhi.

Anil Kumar (actor)
Anil Chandrakant Devulkar (12 March 1951 – 6 February 2015), known professionally as Anil Kumar, was an Indian actor, producer, theatre director, and playwright known for his work in Hindi, Konkani films, television, khell tiatrs, and tiatr productions.
Turcia gens
The gens Turcia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens appear in history, but a number are known from inscriptions, which indicate that the Turcii first came to prominence in the time of Augustus.  After a period of relative unimportance, they repeatedly attained the highest offices of the Roman state from the third to the fifth century, holding several consulships.

Latin Anthology
The Latin Anthology is a compilation of Latin verses from the era of Ennius (c. 239 – c. 169 BC, often considered the father of Roman poetry) up to around 1000 AD. This collection was mainly compiled by Pieter Burmann the Younger (1713 – 1778).

While the Greek Anthology was first compiled by the ancient Greek poet, Meleager of Gadara in the first century BC, the ancient Romans did not compile their own Latin Anthology. However, there were volumes of epigrams, such as those compiled by Martial between 95 and 98. There were also compilations of brief sententiae from authors such as Publilius Syrus (fl. 85–43 BC), along with smaller groupings of verse on specialized subjects, such as the Priapeia (circa 100).
Para-Ski VX
The Para-Ski VX is a Canadian powered parachute that was designed and produced by Para-Ski of Mascouche, Quebec. The aircraft was supplied as a completed aircraft or as component kits for amateur construction.

Para-Ski
Para-Ski International was a Canadian aircraft manufacturer, based in Mascouche, Quebec. The company specialized in the design and construction of powered parachutes.

The company was formed in 1996 by Joe Albanese and Jacques Fleury. The company went out of business in about 2011.

Para-Skis designs have won numerous awards, including the "Ultralight Innovation" award at Sun 'n Fun 1999, the "Best Type Para-Wing" award at Sun 'n Fun 2000, the "Best Flex Wing" award at Oshkosh AirVenture 2000, the "Ultralight Innovation" award at Sun 'n Fun 2002, the "Best Commercial Ultralight Award" at Sun 'n Fun 2003 and the "Reserve Grand Champion Ultralight Award" at Sun 'n Fun 2003.
Mother's Day (play)
Mother's Day is a 1940 Australian play by Leslie Rees. It received a number of amateur productions.

Reviewing a production Wireless Weekly called it "an unpretentious and pleasant enough one-act play. His juvenile characters are well drawn, but the denouement is easily anticipated."

The play was published in a 1944 collection Six Australian One Act Plays.

It was one of the plays recommended for production in 1940 by the Playwrights' Advisory Board.

Playwrights' Advisory Board
The Playwrights' Advisory Board was an Australian organisation established in 1938 to assist the cause of Australian playwriting. It was established by Leslie Rees, Rex Rienits and Doris Fitton. Its functions included negotiating productions with theatres, acting as an intermediary in the nomination and collection of royalties, advising theatres and playwrights on scripts, and holding script competitions. Members of the board included names such as Dymphna Cusack and Sumner Locke Elliott.

The Board ceased operations in 1963.

The Board's most notable achievement was holding a competition which helped unearth Summer of the Seventeenth Doll.
Community matrix
In mathematical biology, the community matrix is the linearization of a generalized Lotka–Volterra equation at an equilibrium point. The eigenvalues of the community matrix determine the stability of the equilibrium point.

For example, the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model is

where x(t) denotes the number of prey, y(t) the number of predators, and α, β, γ and δ are constants. By the Hartman–Grobman theorem the non-linear system is topologically equivalent to a linearization of the system about an equilibrium point (x*, y*), which has the form

where u = x − x* and v = y − y*. In mathematical biology, the Jacobian matrix  evaluated at the equilibrium point (x*, y*) is called the community matrix. By the stable manifold theorem, if one or both eigenvalues of  have positive real part then the equilibrium is unstable, but if all eigenvalues have negative real part then it is stable.

Linearization
In mathematics, linearization (British English: linearisation) is finding the linear approximation to a function at a given point. The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems, linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium point of a system of nonlinear differential equations or discrete dynamical systems.  This method is used in fields such as engineering, physics, economics, and ecology.
Alexei Turchaninov
Alexei Fedorovich Turchaninov (Russian: Алексей Фёдорович Турчанинов; born Alexei Fedorovich Vasilyev; 1704/1705 – March 21, 1787) was a business magnate in the Russian Empire, grandfather of Pavel and Dmitry Solomirsky, the member of the wealthy Turchaninov family.

Sysert
Sysert (Russian: Сысе́рть) is a town and the administrative center of Sysertsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Sysert River (Ob basin, right tributary of the Iset), 50 kilometers (31 mi) south of Yekaterinburg. Population:  20,465 (2010 Census); 22,152 (2002 Census); 22,462 (1989 Soviet census).
2008 Sioux Falls Cougars football team
The 2008 Sioux Falls Cougars football team represented the University of Sioux Falls in the 2008 NAIA football season. The Cougars captured the 2008 NAIA Football National Championship with a 23–7 victory over the top-ranked Carroll (MT). The team also won the Great Plains Athletic Conference championship with a perfect 10–0 record. This was the school's third NAIA national championship (1996, 2006) and second in three years. The team was coached by Kalen DeBoer.

1996 Sioux Falls Cougars football team
The 1996 Sioux Falls Cougars football team represented the University of Sioux Falls in the 1996 NAIA Division II football season. Led by head coach Bob Young in his 14th season, the Cougars won their first NAIA Division II Football National Championship with a 47–25 victory over the Western Washington Vikings. The team was also the South Dakota-Iowa Intercollegiate Conference champion.
Gravelbourg Formation
The Gravelbourg Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Bajocian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the town of Gravelbourg, and was first described in well Tidewater Eastend Crown No. 1 by R.L. Milner and G.E. Thomas in 1954.

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) underlies 1.4 million square kilometres (540,000 sq mi) of Western Canada including southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. This vast sedimentary basin consists of a massive wedge of sedimentary rock extending from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. This wedge is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) thick under the Rocky Mountains, but thins to zero at its eastern margins. The WCSB contains one of the world's largest reserves of petroleum and natural gas and supplies much of the North American market, producing more than 450 million cubic metres (16 billion cubic feet) per day of gas in 2000. It also has huge reserves of coal. Of the provinces and territories within the WCSB, Alberta has most of the oil and gas reserves and almost all of the oil sands.
Infinite Discs
Infinite Discs is an American disc golf equipment retail company based in Logan, Utah. The company also maintains a disc golf scorekeeping app, a course directory, a round tracking website, and a line of discs.

Pocatello, Idaho
Pocatello (/ˈpoʊkəˈtɛloʊ/ ⓘ) is the county seat of and the largest city in Bannock County, with a small portion on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation in neighboring Power County, containing the city's airport. It is the principal city of the Pocatello metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Bannock County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Idaho.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Pocatello was 56,320. Pocatello is the 6th most populous city in the state, just behind Caldwell.

The city is at an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m) above sea level and it sits on the Portneuf River in the Snake River Plain ecoregion. Pocatello covers a land area of 33.36 square miles (86.4 square kilometers).

Pocatello is the home of Idaho State University and the manufacturing facilities of Amy's Kitchen and ON Semiconductor Corporation; it is served by the Pocatello Regional Airport.
Ma Sein of Toungoo
Ma Sein (Burmese: မစိန်, Burmese pronunciation: [maʔ sèiɴ]) was a Hanthawaddy commander who occupied Toungoo (Taungoo) for three months in 1375−76. The ethnic Mon commander was posted in Toungoo by King Binnya U of Hanthawaddy upon request of Viceroy Pyanchi I of Toungoo in order to raise a rebellion against Ava. His army was in charge of Toungoo in 1375 when Pyanchi I was assassinated near Prome (Pyay) by pro-Ava forces. The commander claimed the state of Toungoo on behalf of Hanthawaddy, and resisted the subsequent siege by Pyanchi I's son Pyanchi II and son-in-law Sokkate for three months. He was put to death when the siege was broken three months later.

Kingdom of Ava
The Ava Kingdom (Burmese: အင်းဝပြည်, pronounced [ʔɪ́ɰ̃wa̰ kʰɪʔ]; INN-wa pyi) also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in the late 13th century.

Like the small kingdoms that preceded it, Ava may have been led by Bamarised Shan kings who claimed descent from the kings of Pagan. Scholars debate that the Shan ethnicity of Avan kings comes from mistranslation, particularly from a record of the Avan kings' ancestors ruling a Shan village in central Burma prior to their rise or prominence.
Jordan Stream
Jordan Stream is a watercourse, about 1.4 miles (2.3 km) long, in the American village of Seal Harbor, Maine. It originates at the southern end of Jordan Pond, in the nearby town of Mount Desert, and flows directly south to its mouth at the northern end of Little Long Pond.

The Jordan Stream valley is pre-glacial. It originally drained southeasterly to Seal Harbor but now drains, initially through a bedrock gorge, southwesterly.

Jordan Pond
Jordan Pond is an oligotrophic tarn in Acadia National Park near the town of Bar Harbor, Maine. The pond covers 187 acres (76 ha) to a maximum depth of 150 feet (46 m) with a shoreline of 3.6 miles (5.8 km).

The pond was formed by the Wisconsin Ice Sheet during the last glacial period. Penobscot Mountain (1194 ft) rises to the west, while Pemetic Mountain (1247 ft) rises to the east. Two roche moutonnées known as The Bubbles (North and South) rise above the northeastern shoreline. The southern end is constrained by glacial debris and an artificial dam.

The pond has clear water, with visibility normally 44 feet (13.4 m) and occasionally recorded up to 61 feet (18.6 m), the deepest recordings in Maine. The pond exhibits high levels of dissolved oxygen, and low levels of plant nutrients and plant life.

Some types of boating are permitted, but people and pets are prohibited from entering the water as it is the water supply for the village of Seal Harbor.
Sebago to the Sea Trail
Sebago to the Sea Trail is a trail that goes from Sebago Lake to the Gulf of Maine. Work on the trail begin in 2007, with a goal of creating an eventual 28 mile trail to the sea. A significant portion is made of the former Maine Central Railroad Mountain Division. The trail begins at Sebago Lake in the town of Standish, and runs through Gorham, Windham, Westbrook, and Falmouth, reaching the sea in Portland.

Windham, Maine
Windham is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 18,434 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of South Windham and North Windham. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.
Topdog vs. underdog
Topdog vs. underdog is a phrase coined by Fritz Perls, the father of Gestalt therapy, to describe a self-torture game that people play with themselves in order to avoid the anxiety that they encounter in their environment.

Fritz Perls
Friedrich Salomon Perls (July 8, 1893 – March 14, 1970), better known as Fritz Perls, was a German-born psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and psychotherapist. Perls coined the term "Gestalt therapy" to identify the form of psychotherapy that he developed with his wife, Laura Perls, in the 1940s and 1950s. Perls became associated with the Esalen Institute in 1964 and lived there until 1969.

The core of the Gestalt therapy process is enhanced awareness of sensation, perception, bodily feelings, emotion, and behavior, in the present moment. Relationship is emphasized, along with contact between the self, its environment, and the other.
Guardian Rock
Guardian Rock is a low ice-free rock lying in Bigourdan Fjord, 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) north of Parvenu Point, Pourquoi Pas Island, close off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was first surveyed in 1948–49 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, and so named by them because of the position of this rock which guards the northwest entrance to The Narrows.

Parvenu Point
Parvenu Point (67°34′S 67°17′W﻿ / ﻿67.567°S 67.283°W﻿ / -67.567; -67.283) is a low but prominent point forming the north extremity of Pourquoi Pas Island, off the west coast of Graham Land. First surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill. The point was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and found to be more conspicuous from the west than had previously been supposed, its new stature thus suggesting the name.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Parvenu Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
McBride ministry
The McBride ministry was the combined Cabinet (formally the Executive Council of British Columbia) that governed British Columbia from June 1, 1903, to December 15, 1915. It was led by Richard McBride, the 16th premier of British Columbia. In a break from the previous non-partisan governments, it was the first to be composed on party lines, and consisted of members of the Conservative Party.

The McBride ministry was first elected in the 1903 election. It was disestablished upon McBride's resignation in 1915, and was succeeded by the Bowser ministry.

Executive Council of British Columbia
The Executive Council of British Columbia (the Cabinet) is the Cabinet of the Canadian province of British Columbia. Almost always composed of members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, the Cabinet is similar in structure and role as the federal Cabinet of Canada is to the Canadian House of Commons.

Executive power is vested in the Crown: the lieutenant governor of British Columbia, as representative of the Crown, exercises executive power on the advice of the Cabinet as the lieutenant governor in Council. Members of the Cabinet are selected by the premier of British Columbia, who chairs the Cabinet.
Kherwa, Pali
Kherwa is a village in Pali district, Rajasthan, India. It is located south-east of Pali and midway between Hemawas and Marwar Junction.

The Vijaynadi Mandir is located here, near the Marwar Junction railway station. The mandir, or temple, is especially supported by the Bharajwal, Sharma, Joshi, Tiwari, Maheshwari and Rajput clans and can accommodate up to around 50 people overnight.

Hemawas
Hemawas is a village in Pali tehsil of Pali district in Rajasthan state of India. It is located to the immediate south of the city of Pali. The nearby Hemawas Dam, completed in 1911, lies on the Bandi river.
Heliaeschna
Heliaeschna is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae.

The genus contains the following eleven described species:

Heliaeschna bartelsi Lieftinck, 1940

Heliaeschna crassa Krüger, 1899

Heliaeschna cynthiae Fraser, 1939 - Blade-tipped duskhawker

Heliaeschna filostyla Martin, 1906

Heliaeschna fuliginosa Karsch, 1893 - Black-banded duskhawker

Heliaeschna idae (Brauer, 1865)

Heliaeschna sembe Pinhey, 1962 - Hybrid duskhawker

Heliaeschna simplicia (Karsch, 1891)

Heliaeschna trinervulata Fraser, 1955 - Pale duskhawker

Heliaeschna ugandica McLachlan, 1896 - Uganda duskhawker

Heliaeschna uninervula Martin, 1909

Aeshnidae
Aeshnidae, also called aeshnids, hawkers, or darners, is a family of dragonflies, found nearly worldwide, with more than 50 genera and over 450 species.

The family includes some of the largest dragonflies, and can be over three inches long.
1995 Clásico RCN
The 35th edition of the Clásico RCN was held from March 11 to March 20, 1995, in Colombia. The stage race, with an UCI rate of 2.4, started in Medellín, and finished in Bogotá. RCN stands for "Radio Cadena Nacional" one of the oldest and largest radio networks in the nation.

Clásico RCN
The Clásico RCN (Spanish for RCN Classic) is an annual cycling road race that takes place over many stages through different regions of Colombia during October. It is organized by the Colombian Cycling Federation.

The event is sponsored by Radio Cadena Nacional, which is one of the oldest and largest radio networks in Colombia, and by a network of Colombian business in Medellín "Empresas Públicas de Medellín". The Clásico RCN and the Vuelta a Colombia are the most important stage races in Colombia.
2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup disciplinary record
In the 2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup the main disciplinary action taken against players comes in the form of red and yellow cards.

Any player picking up a red card is expelled from the pitch and automatically banned for his country's next match, whether via a straight red or second yellow.

2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
The 2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the sixth edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, governed by FIFA. Overall, this was the 16th edition of a world cup in beach soccer since the establishment of the Beach Soccer World Championships which ran from 1995–2004 but was not governed by FIFA. It took place at the Stadio del Mare (Stadium of the Sea), a temporary stadium at the Marina di Ravenna in Ravenna, Italy, the third tournament to take place outside Brazil, which started on 1 September and ended on 11 September 2011. However this was the first tournament to take place under the new two year basis; now the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup takes place once every two years. The tournament was confirmed in March 2010.

Brazil were the defending champions, after winning their fourth FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup title in 2009. The tournament was won by Russia, winning their first title in their first final after beating Brazil.
Dangez
Dangez (Persian: دنگز, also Romanized as Dangz; also known as Dang) is a village in Dehkuyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Larestan County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 474, in 117 families.

Dehkuyeh Rural District
Dehkuyeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان دهكويه) is in the Central District of Larestan County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kurdeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Dehkuyeh, now a city.