hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2005 Kazakh presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 4 December 2005. Incumbent president Nursultan Nazarbayev, in power since 1989, sought and won a 3rd term against four other candidates. Opposition candidates were allowed some access to the mass media, but this was still restricted. According to western election observers, opposition candidates also suffered considerable harassment. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) criticized the elections, calling them unfair, but noted improvements.

Constitution of Kazakhstan
The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest law of Kazakhstan, as stated in Article 4. The Constitution was approved by a constitutional referendum on 30 August 1995. This date has since been adopted as the "Constitution Day of the Republic of Kazakhstan".

The Kazakh language is the official language of the state, while Article 7, section 2 states that the "Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds".
English-language press of the Communist Party USA
During the ten decades since its establishment in 1919, the Communist Party USA produced or inspired a vast array of newspapers and magazines in the English language.

This list was launched in 2009, based upon material said to have been "principally taken from the California Senate's report" of 1949 and the testimony of Walter S. Steele before House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) in 1947.

Various alterations were made over time, including the deletion of ephemeral personnel names as well as additions and subtractions where merited. Further changes took place in 2011 based upon the book Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications published in 1962 by HUAC.

This list does not include the vast array of Communist Party newspapers, periodicals, and magazines published in languages other than English. This material appears at Non-English press of the Communist Party USA.

Frank Marshall Davis
Frank Marshall Davis (December 31, 1905 – July 26, 1987) was an American writer, poet, political and labor activist and businessman.

Davis began his career writing for African American newspapers in Chicago. He moved to Atlanta, where he became the editor of the paper he turned into the Atlanta Daily World. He later returned to Chicago. During this time, he was outspoken about political and social issues, while also covering topics that ranged from sports to music. His poetry was sponsored by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs. He also played a role in the South Side Writers Group in Chicago, and is considered among the writers of the Black Chicago Renaissance.

In the late 1940s, Davis moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he ran a small business. He became involved in local labor issues. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) tracked his activities as they had investigated union activists since the early 20th century.
Love (Flipper album)
Love is the fourth studio album by the San Francisco-based punk rock band Flipper, released in 2009. The album was issued more than 16 years after their previous studio album, 1993's American Grafishy. Love is the only Flipper studio album to date to include former Nirvana member Krist Novoselic. Recording sessions took place at Novoselic's studio in Washington.

Love was released simultaneously with the live album Fight, which was recorded in Portland, Oregon, and Seattle. Jack Endino recorded and produced both albums.

American Grafishy
American Grafishy is the third studio album by the San Francisco-based punk rock band Flipper. It was released in 1992 by Def American; label president Rick Rubin had once been in a Flipper tribute band. The album title is a pun on the coming-of-age film American Graffiti. The band promoted the album with a North American tour.
Intelligen
Intelligen, Inc. is a provider of process simulation and production scheduling tools and services for the process industries. It is headquartered in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, US, has offices in Europe and representatives in several countries around the globe.

Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Scotch Plains is a township in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is located on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 24,968, an increase of 1,458 (+6.2%) from the 2010 census count of 23,510, which in turn reflected an increase of 778 (+3.4%) from the 22,732 counted in the 2000 census.
Sheikh Madar
Madar Ahmed Shirwac, better known as Sheikh Madar (Somali: Sheekh Madar; 1825–1918) was a 19th-century Somali political/religious leader, a social reformer, merchant and a jurist who is known as the founder of Hargeisa. He hailed from the Yunis Nuh division of the wider Sa'ad Muse Habr Awal Isaaq clan. His tomb is now a venerated Sufi shrine in the city.

Borama
Borama (Somali: Boorama, Arabic: بورما) is the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia.

During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the Adal Sultanate. It later formed a part of the British Somaliland protectorate in the first half of the 20th century.

According to a 2023 estimate the city had a population of 300,000, with the broader district having a population of 398,609 according to a UN 2014 population estimate. making it one of the largest cities inside Somaliland. It has been a leading example in community organizing, having been the first area in Somaliland to adopt a self-help scheme in the wake of the civil war.
Penn State Nittany Lions women's ice hockey
Penn State Nittany Lions women's ice hockey is a college ice hockey program that has represented Penn State University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I since the 2012–13 season. The Nittany Lions were members of College Hockey America (CHA) from their first season through the 2023–24 season, after which CHA merged with the Atlantic Hockey Association to form Atlantic Hockey America.

The program was preceded by a club team that competed at the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) Division 1 level, primarily as a member of Eastern Collegiate Women's Hockey League (ECWHL). Penn State plays its home games at Pegula Ice Arena in University Park, Pennsylvania.

Vermont Catamounts women's ice hockey
The Vermont Catamounts women's ice hockey program represents the University of Vermont. The Catamounts compete in Hockey East. Their first year of varsity women's hockey was in 1998–99. The Catamounts were in the ECAC at the Division III level of competition. In 2001–02, the Catamounts moved up to Division I. For the 2005–06 season, the Catamounts moved to Hockey East.
Brachydesmus superus
Brachydesmus superus, also known as the flat millipede, is a species of millipede in the family Polydesmidae. This millipede is common throughout Europe and has been spread widely elsewhere by humans through commerce. This species can reach 10 mm in length and features only 19 segments in adults (counting the collum, the telson, and the rings in between), one fewer than found in adults of most other species in the order Polydesmida.

Polydesmidae
Polydesmidae is a family of millipedes in the order Polydesmida. This family includes more than 240 species in more than 30 genera. These millipedes have a mostly Holarctic distribution that extends south not only to Mexico and North Africa but also as far as Java. Most species are found in the Mediterranean region.
Andrea Fortunato
Andrea Fortunato (Italian pronunciation: [anˈdrɛːa fortuˈnaːto]; 26 July 1971 – 25 April 1995) was an Italian footballer who played as a left-back. Fortunato was one of Italy's most promising prospects in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and he enjoyed a successful but short spell in Italian football, before contracting leukemia; he died in April 1995. Throughout his club career, he played for Como, Pisa, Genoa, and Juventus, while at international level he represented the Italy national team on one occasion in 1993.

1994–95 Serie A
The 1994–95 Serie A was won by Juventus, who finished 10 points ahead of their nearest rivals Parma and Lazio.

Two pieces of silverware were seized by Juventus, who won the Coppa Italia against Parma but were beaten by the same opponents in the final of the UEFA Cup.

Milan's fourth-place finish after three successive Serie A titles was joined with further disappointment in the UEFA Champions League, as they lost the final to Dutch champions Ajax.

The relegated Serie A sides this season were Genoa (after tie-breaker with Padova), Foggia, Reggiana and Brescia.

This was the first Serie A season to award three points for a win in the league table: Juventus coach Marcello Lippi used a very offensive 4–3–3 formation, which resulted in a record 7 losses for a champion team, but with only 4 draws the Bianconeri capitalized upon the new regulation.
Douglas (surname)
Douglas, occasionally spelt Douglass, is a Scottish surname. It is thought to derive from the Scottish Gaelic dubh glas, meaning "black stream". There are numerous places in Scotland from which the surname is derived. The surname has developed into the given name Douglas. Douglas is a habitational name, which could be derived from any of the many places so-named. While there are numerous places with this name in Scotland, it is thought, in most cases, to refer to Douglas, South Lanarkshire, the location of Douglas Castle, the chief stronghold of the Lords of Douglas. The Scottish Gaelic form of the given name is Dùbhghlas [ˈt̪uːl̪ˠəs̪]; the Irish-language forms are Dúghlas and Dubhghlas, which are pronounced [ˈd̪ˠuːɣlˠəsˠ]. According to George Fraser Black, in southern Argyllshire the surname is an Anglicised form of the surnames MacLucas, MacLugash (which are derived from the Gaelic Mac Lùcais).

Sandy Douglas
Alexander Shafto "Sandy" Douglas CBE (21 May 1921 – 29 April 2010) was a British professor of computer science, credited with creating the first graphical computer game, OXO, a version of noughts and crosses, in 1952 on the EDSAC computer at University of Cambridge.
U.S. Route 395 Business (Reno, Nevada)
U.S. Route 395 Business (US 395 Bus.) is a north–south state highway in Reno, Nevada. The highway follows Virginia Street, the primary north–south arterial street of the area. US 395 is also designated as State Route 430 (SR 430) from its intersection with SR 659 (McCarran Boulevard) to its northern terminus at US 395.

US 395 Bus. is the former alignment of US 395 through Reno before a new freeway was constructed. The route passes through Reno's downtown and is known for its popular tourist landmarks.

Interstate 80 in Nevada
Interstate 80 (I-80) traverses the northern portion of the US state of Nevada. The freeway serves the Reno metropolitan area and passes through the towns of Fernley, Lovelock, Winnemucca, Battle Mountain, Carlin, Elko, Wells and West Wendover on its way through the state.

I-80 follows the historical routes of the California Trail, first transcontinental railroad and Feather River Route throughout portions of Nevada. Throughout the entire state, I-80 follows the historical routes of the Victory Highway, State Route 1 (SR 1) and US Route 40 (US 40). The freeway corridor follows the paths of the Truckee and Humboldt rivers. These rivers have been used as a transportation corridor since the California Gold Rush of the 1840s.

The Nevada portion of I-80 has been designated as the Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway and Purple Heart Trail.
Eucoccidiorida
The Eucoccidiorida are an order of microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida. Protozoans of this order include parasites of humans, and both domesticated and wild animals including birds. Among these parasites are the Toxoplasma gondii that cause toxoplasmosis and Isospora belli, which results in isosporiasis.

Isosporiasis
Isosporiasis, also known as cystoisosporiasis, is a human intestinal disease caused by the parasite Cystoisospora belli (previously known as Isospora belli). It is found worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Infection often occurs in immuno-compromised individuals, notably AIDS patients, and outbreaks have been reported in institutionalized groups in the United States. The first documented case was in 1915. It is usually spread indirectly, normally through contaminated food or water (CDC.gov).
Too Late (1996 film)
Too Late (Romanian: Prea târziu) is a 1996 Romanian drama film directed by Lucian Pintilie. It was entered into the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.

Dumitru Costa, a young trainee prosecutor is entrusted with the investigation about the suspicious death of a Jiu Valley coal miner in 1990s Romania. Accident or murder? Costa is being helped during this investigation by Alina, a good-looking young topographer engineer; it is love at first sight between them both. Two other miners are killed in a long closed down gallery. The investigation relentlessly led by Costa soon begins to bother the local authorities. The mine management dread unrest among the miners who lives under the threat of the closing down of mining development. The officials strive to hush the matter up. Costa and Alina receive threats over the phone.

Răzvan Vasilescu
Răzvan Vasilescu (Romanian pronunciation: [rəzˈvan vasiˈlesku]; born 14 August 1954) is a Romanian actor. He has appeared in 40 films and television shows since 1979. He starred in The Oak, which was screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.
Brazil men's national volleyball team
The Brazil men's national volleyball team is governed by the Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (Brazilian Volleyball Confederation) and takes part in international volleyball competitions. Brazil has won three gold medals at the Olympic Games, has won the World Championship three times, and the World League nine times.

With a tally total of 69 titles, Brazil is the national volleyball team that has won the most titles overall in the main FIVB sanctioned competitions, and also the national team that has won the most international titles outside their regional competition. The team is sometimes referred to as volleyball's "Dream Team" in reference to its remarkable winning streak period under coach Bernardo Rezende. Currently Brazil is ranked third in the FIVB World Rankings.

Serbia men's national volleyball team
The Serbia men's national volleyball team represents Serbia in international men's volleyball. FIVB and the CEV consider Serbia the inheritor of the records of SFR Yugoslavia (1948–1991) and Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006). Serbia won gold at the Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia and bronze at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

The Yugoslav Olympic Committee declared the national volleyball team to be the best male team of the year in 2000, and the Olympic Committee of Serbia did the same in 2010 and 2013.
Russia Wharf Buildings
The Russia Wharf Buildings are a cluster of three stylistically similar commercial buildings at 518–540 Atlantic Avenue, 270 Congress Street and 276–290 Congress Street in Boston, Massachusetts. They are built on the original site of Russia Wharf, near where the Boston Tea Party took place in 1773.  The wharf was the center of Boston's trade with Russia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The wharf's buildings were destroyed in the Great Boston Fire of 1872, and the land area was extended by building over the wharf and filling the spaces surrounding it. The three Renaissance Revival buildings were designed by Peabody and Stearns and was built in 1897.

The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Great Boston Fire of 1872
The Great Boston Fire of 1872 stands as the largest fire in the history of Boston, Massachusetts, and ranks as one of the most costly fire-related property losses in American history. The conflagration began at 7:20 p.m. on November 9, 1872, in the basement of a commercial warehouse at 83–87 Summer Street. The fire was finally contained around midday on November 10, after it had consumed about 65 acres (26 ha) of Boston's downtown, 776 buildings, and much of the financial district. It caused $73.5 million in damage ($1.93 billion in 2024)—buildings losses totaled $13.5 million and the personal property loss was valued at $60 million. The number of fatalities is believed to have been 26 to "at least 30", depending on source, including 11 or 12 firefighters.
Xinqiao, Suining
Xinqiao (simplified Chinese: 新桥; traditional Chinese: 新橋; pinyin: Xīnqiáo; lit. 'new bridge') is a town of Chuanshan District, in the northwestern outskirts of Suining, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 16 villages under its administration.

Chuanshan, Suining
Chuanshan (Chinese: 船山; pinyin: Chuánshān) is a district of Suining, Sichuan Province, China. The district is the government seat of Suining city and also its main urban area. The population in 2012 was 700,000.

It was established in 2003 when the Shizhong District of Suining was split into Anju District and Chuanshan District.
Qianshan Subdistrict
Qianshan is a subdistrict of Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, in Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China. Formerly an important military base overseeing the Portuguese-administered enclave of Macao, it is now a Chinese manufacturing center, with particular emphasis on household appliances, airconditioners, and printing supplies.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
Tom Mann
Thomas Mann (15 April 1856 – 13 March 1941) was an English trade unionist and activist. Largely self-educated, Mann became a successful organiser and a popular public speaker in the British labour movement.

Eight-Hour Leagues
Eight Hour Leagues were local, city, and state labor-reform organizations in the United States that campaigned for the eight-hour workday. They emerged during and immediately after the American Civil War and spread rapidly in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The best-documented leagues include the Grand Eight-Hour League of Massachusetts associated with Ira Steward; Chicago's Grand Eight Hour League; the Boston Eight-Hour League; and a large Eight Hour League in New York City during the 1872 strike.

The leagues popularized the eight-hour demand as a national labor reform objective by coordinating local agitation, legislative petitions, and strike support. Their organizational model influenced later campaigns even after many leagues collapsed in the 1870s, and the eight-hour cause revived in new forms in the 1880s.
John Longmire
John Longmire  (born 31 December 1970) is the former senior coach of the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL) from 2011 to 2024. As a player, he represented the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) from 1988 to 1999.

2014 AFL Grand Final
The 2014 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Sydney Swans and the Hawthorn Football Club at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 27 September 2014. It was the 119th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2014 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,460 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 63 points, marking the club's second consecutive premiership and twelfth VFL/AFL premiership victory overall. Hawthorn's Luke Hodge was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship
The 2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship (Arabic: بطولة العالم لكرة السلة 2014 تحت 17 سنة ) was the 3rd edition of the FIBA Under-17 World Championship, the biennial international men's youth basketball championship contested by the U17 national teams of the member associations of FIBA.

It was hosted by Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 8 to 16 August 2014. This edition of the tournament was also expanded to sixteen teams. The preliminary round took place in Al-Ahli Arena and Al-Wasl Arena, with the Hamdan Sports Complex hosting the final round. This was the first FIBA U17 World Championship that was held outside of Europe.

The United States won their third consecutive title by defeating Australia, in a rematch of the last edition, 99–92 in the final.

FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup
The FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup (formerly FIBA Under-17 World Championship) is the under-17 men's world basketball championship organised by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). The inaugural tournament was in July 2010, and is held biennially.
Operational Command West
The Operational Command West (abbr.  OC West, Ukrainian: Оперативне командування «Захід»; ОК «Захід») is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces in western Ukraine. Its headquarters is located in Rivne.

12th Army Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)
The 12th Army Aviation Brigade is an army aviation formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. The brigade is directly subordinated to the Ukrainian Ground Forces command.

The brigade was formed as 340th Separate Combat-Transport Helicopter Breslavlsk Regiment.
From August 21, 1968 to June 1991 the Regiment was stationed in Czechoslovakia.
After 1992 the Regiment was redesignated to be 7th Separate Breslavlsk Army Aviation Regiment. In 2016 it became the 12th Army Aviation Brigade.
David Nathaniel Friedrich Dietrich
David Nathaniel Friedrich Dietrich (3 October 1800 – 23 December 1888) was a German botanist and gardener.

Dietrich's birth year is listed as 1799 and 1800. He was born in Ziegenhain. In 1828 Dietrich worked as a botanical gardener in Jena. In 1836 he received his doctorate at the University of Jena, and later served as a curator at the botanical garden in Jena.

He was the nephew of the botanist Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich (1765–1850).

Dietrich wrote pamphlets on poisonous plants, mosses, and forest flora and fauna of Germany as well as several botanical encyclopedias. His five-volume, 1839-1852 Synopsis Plantarum included about 80,000 species and 524 genera. The five-volume Flora of Germany published from 1833 to 1864 contains 1150 colored panels. The two-volume Forst Flora and the 476 booklets of the comprehensive Flora Universalis are his most famous work.

Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich
Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich (1765 or 1768 – 2 January 1850) was a German botanist. He used the author abbreviation F.Dietr. He wrote the book Die Weimarische Flora in 1800 and over 30 editions of Vollständiges Lexicon der Gärtnerei und Botanik between the years of 1802 and 1840.