hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kinyoun stain
The Kinyoun method or Kinyoun stain (cold method), developed by Joseph J. Kinyoun, is a procedure used to stain acid-fast species of the bacterial genus Mycobacterium. It is a variation of a method developed by Robert Koch in 1882. Certain species of bacteria have a waxy lipid called mycolic acid, in their cell walls which allow them to be stained with Acid-Fast better than a Gram-Stain. The  unique ability of mycobacteria to resist decolorization by acid-alcohol  is why they are termed acid-fast. It involves the application of a primary stain (basic fuchsin), a decolorizer (acid-alcohol), and a counterstain (methylene blue). Unlike the Ziehl–Neelsen stain (Z-N stain), the Kinyoun method of staining does not require heating. In the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, heat acts as a physical mordant while phenol (carbol of carbol fuchsin) acts as the chemical mordant.

Fuchsine
Fuchsine (sometimes spelled fuchsin) or rosaniline hydrochloride is a magenta dye with chemical formula C20H19N3·HCl. There are other similar chemical formulations of products sold as fuchsine, and several dozen other synonyms of this molecule.

It becomes magenta when dissolved in water; as a solid, it forms dark green crystals. As well as dying textiles, fuchsine is used to stain bacteria and sometimes as a disinfectant. In the literature of biological stains the name of this dye is frequently misspelled, with omission of the terminal -e, which indicates an amine. American and English dictionaries (Webster's, Oxford, Chambers, etc.) give the correct spelling, which is also used in the literature of industrial dyeing. It is well established that production of fuchsine results in development of bladder cancers by production workers. Production of magenta is listed as a circumstance known to result in cancer.
Rosh Pinna
Rosh Pinna (Hebrew: ראש פינה, lit. 'Cornerstone') or  Rosh Pina, is a town in the Korazim Plateau in the Upper Galilee on the eastern slopes of Mount Kna'an in the Northern District of Israel. It was established as Gei Oni in 1878 by local Jews from Tzfat but was nearly abandoned, except for the families of Yosef Friedman, Aharon Keller, and possibly a few others. In 1882, thirty Jewish families who had emigrated from Romania reestablished the settlement as a moshava called Rosh Pina. The town is one of the oldest Zionist settlements in Israel. In 2022 it had a population of 3,308.

Hula Valley
The Hula Valley (Hebrew: עמק החולה, romanized: ʿEmeq haḤūlā; Arabic: سهل الحولة, romanized: Sahl al-Ḥūlat) is a topographic depression forming a valley and fertile agricultural region in  northern Israel with abundant fresh water that used to be part covered by marshland and Lake Hula. These areas were a breeding ground for mosquitoes carrying malaria and were drained in the 1950s. A small section of the valley was later reflooded in an attempt to revive a nearly extinct ecosystem. It is a major stopover for birds migrating along the Great Rift Valley between Africa, Europe, and Asia, with an estimated 500 million migrating birds now pass through the Hula Valley every year.
Plateau brown frog
The plateau brown frog or plateau wood frog (Rana kukunoris) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, endemic to the plateau region of western China (northwestern Sichuan, eastern Qinghai, Gansu, and very northeastern Tibet). It was previously included in Rana chensinensis but it now considered a valid species. It is a common frog in suitable habitats that include alpine meadows, marshland and grassland. It hibernates in streams. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

Rana chensinensis
The Asiatic grass frog or Chinese brown frog (Rana chensinensis) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, found in China and Mongolia.

Its natural habitats are temperate forests, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, and irrigated land. It is threatened by habitat loss.

This frog is noted in Chinese agriculture for its strong preying performance on pests. A study conducted in Qingyuan County during the years 1982 and 1983 found that breeding the frogs decreased both the use of pesticides and the pollution in the environment.

Within China, fatty tissue close to the frog's fallopian tubes are used to make Hasma, a dessert ingredient and traditional medicine.
CD Tuilla
Club Deportivo Tuilla is a Spanish football team based in Tuilla, a small village in the municipality of Langreo, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1952, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 2, holding home matches at Estadio El Candín, which has a capacity of 2,800 spectators.

After winning the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final, International footballer David Villa, who was born in Tuilla and enjoyed individual success with Sporting de Gijón, Real Zaragoza, Valencia CF, FC Barcelona, Atlético Madrid, and Spain, waved a CD Tuilla scarf at the crowd.

Langreo
Langreo (Spanish pronunciation: [laŋˈɡɾeo]) or Llangréu (Asturian pronunciation: [ʎaŋˈɣɾew], locally [ʎaŋˈɣɾeo]) (Asturian) is a town and municipality in the Principality of Asturias in Spain. With a population of 38,265 as of 2024, it is the 4th-largest municipality of Asturias.

Langreo is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) south-east of Oviedo. It was an important mining and metallurgical center.
2016 Open Harmonie mutuelle
The 2016 Open Harmonie mutuelle was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Saint-Brieuc, France between 28 March and 3 April 2016.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Godescalc Evangelistary
The Godescalc Evangelistary, Godescalc Sacramentary, Godescalc Gospels, or Godescalc Gospel Lectionary (Paris, BNF. acquisitions nouvelles lat.1203) is an illuminated manuscript in Latin made by the Frankish scribe Godescalc and today kept in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was commissioned by the Carolingian king Charlemagne and his wife Hildegard on October 7, 781 and completed on April 30, 783. The Evangelistary is the earliest known manuscript produced at the scriptorium in Charlemagne's Court School in Aachen. The manuscript was intended to commemorate Charlemagne's march to Italy, his meeting with Pope Adrian I, and the baptism of his son Pepin. The crediting of the work to Godescalc and the details of Charlemagne's march are contained in the manuscript's dedication poem.

Four Evangelists
In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four canonical Gospel accounts. In the New Testament, they bear the following titles: the Gospel of Matthew; the Gospel of Mark; the Gospel of Luke; and the Gospel of John.
TBX19
T-box transcription factor TBX19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX19 gene.

This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. 
This gene is the human ortholog of mouse Tbx19/Tpit gene. Studies in mouse show that Tpit protein is present only in the two pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing lineages, the corticotrophs and melanotrophs.

The Tpit gene is responsible for a neonatal form of acth deficiency and hypocortisolism.

Mutations in the human ortholog were found in patients with isolated deficiency of pituitary POMC-derived ACTH, suggesting an essential role for this gene in differentiation of the pituitary POMC lineage.

T-box
T-box refers to a group of transcription factors involved in embryonic limb and heart development. Every T-box protein has a relatively large DNA-binding domain, generally comprising about a third of the entire protein that is both necessary and sufficient for sequence-specific DNA binding. All members of the T-box gene family bind to the "T-box", a DNA consensus sequence of TCACACCT.
Kalakal
"Kalakal" (lit. 'Trade') is a song recorded by the Filipino boy band SB19 and Gloc-9. It was written by the band members and Gloc-9. It was produced by John Paulo Nase and Joshua Daniel Nase. It is a hip-hop track that chronicles the artists' journey of establishing their legacy through years of hard work, perseverance, humility, and pure talent. The music video was directed by Alanshiii, and features SB19 members dancing to a song in a set of goods, including clothes, plants, and old television sets, with Gloc-9 pushing a cart. The song was released on August 9, 2024, through Sony Music Philippines.

Felip (musician)
Felip Jhon Suson (born January 12, 1997), known professionally as Felip and as Ken in his role as a member of P-pop group SB19, is a Filipino singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and entrepreneur. As Ken, he is the main dancer and lead singer of SB19, which debuted in 2018.

Felip made his solo debut with "Palayo" (2021), a slow R&B track, which was followed by the single "Bulan" (2022). He released his first extended play COM•PLEX in 2023 and his first album 7sins in 2024. Honouring his roots as a Cebuano speaker from Zamboanga del Sur, Felip has performed in Cebuano in addition to Filipino and English. Although Felip is known for his distinctively deep voice, he has displayed a wide vocal range and is noted for his versatility and experimental sound.
The Skints
The Skints are an English reggae punk band from London, described by Clash Music as "the torchbearers for modern British reggae music." The Skints mix reggae, ska, dub, punk rock, dancehall, soul, and rap, touring extensively across the UK, Europe and the United States. Their album Swimming Lessons (2019) debuted at number 1 on the Billboard reggae chart. Their original style of music has been described as "tropical punk".

Protoje
Oje Ken Ollivierre (born 14 June 1981), popularly known as Protoje, is a contemporary Jamaican reggae singer and songwriter. Protoje first gained notice for a 2005 mixtape. In 2011, he released his debut album The Seven Year Itch. This was followed by The 8 Year Affair in 2013, Ancient Future in 2015, Royalty Free in 2016,  A Matter of Time in 2018, In Search Of Lost Time in 2020 and Third Time's The Charm in 2022.

His albums In Search Of Lost Time and Third Time's The Charm both reached the top 10 on the Billboard Reggae Albums chart. Proteje received Grammy nominations for the albums A Matter of Time and Third Time's The Charm.
Jonathan Keeperman
Jonathan Keeperman, also known by his pseudonym "Lomez" (stylised L0m3z), is an American far-right publisher who leads Passage Publishing, also known as Passage Press, a far-right and "new right" publishing company. Keeperman was a University of California, Irvine, lecturer from 2013 to 2022.

Founded in 2021, Passage publishes works from online personalities, reprints and new translations of fiction and nonfiction from historical fascist and reactionary authors.

Radical right (United States)
In the politics of the United States, the radical right is a political preference that leans towards ultraconservatism, white nationalism, white supremacy, or other far-right ideologies in a hierarchical structure which is paired with conspiratorial rhetoric alongside traditionalist and reactionary aspirations. The term was first used by social scientists in the 1950s regarding small groups such as the John Birch Society in the United States, and since then it has been applied to similar groups worldwide. The term "radical" was applied to the groups because they sought to make fundamental (hence "radical") changes within institutions and remove persons and institutions that threatened their values or economic interests from political life.
Subgrain rotation recrystallization
In metallurgy, materials science and structural geology, subgrain rotation recrystallization is recognized as an important mechanism for dynamic recrystallisation. It involves the rotation of initially low-angle sub-grain boundaries until the mismatch between the crystal lattices across the boundary is sufficient for them to be regarded as grain boundaries. This mechanism has been recognized in many minerals (including quartz, calcite, olivine, pyroxenes, micas, feldspars, halite, garnets and zircons) and in metals (various magnesium, aluminium and nickel alloys).

Grain boundary
In materials science, a grain boundary is the interface between two grains, or crystallites, in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in the crystal structure, and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material. Most grain boundaries are preferred sites for the onset of corrosion and for the precipitation of new phases from the solid. They are also important to many of the mechanisms of creep. On the other hand, grain boundaries disrupt the motion of dislocations through a material, so reducing crystallite size is a common way to improve mechanical strength, as described by the Hall–Petch relationship.
Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil
The Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil is given to film composers by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Tamil (Kollywood) films. A. R. Rahman has won the award a record 17 times, which includes nine consecutive wins between 1992 and 2000. Harris Jayaraj follows A. R. Rahman with five wins.

Vidyasagar (composer)
Upadrasta Vidya Sagar, better known as Vidyasagar (born 2 March 1963) is an Indian composer, musician and singer who works predominantly in the Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu film industries. After working with several composers as assistant and conductor, Vidyasagar made his debut as a film composer in the 1989 Tamil film Poo Manam and is nicknamed as "Melody King". Working for over 225 feature films, he is the recipient of one National Award, multiple State Awards and five Filmfare Awards. He is widely regarded as one of the finest and most acclaimed composers in the history of Indian cinema.
Samuel Smith Tavern Site
The Samuel Smith Tavern Site is a historic archeological site in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, United States. It encompasses the remains of a late 17th-century tavern operated by Samuel Smith, owner of Great Island, which shelters Wellfleet Harbor.  The tavern site is located within the Cape Cod National Seashore, and is accessible via the Great Island Trail.  The site was excavated in 1969–70, recovering thousands of artifacts, including clay pipes, drinking artifacts, a harpoon, and a chopping block fashioned from whale vertebrae.

The tavern site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Cape Cod National Seashore
The Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS) encompasses 43,607 acres (68.1 sq mi; 176.5 km2) on Cape Cod, in Massachusetts. CCNS was created on August 7, 1961, by President John F. Kennedy, when he signed a bill enacting the legislation he first co-sponsored as a Senator a few years prior. It includes ponds, woods and beachfront of the Atlantic coastal pine barrens ecoregion.  The CCNS includes nearly 40 miles (64 km) of seashore along the Atlantic-facing eastern shore of Cape Cod, in the towns of Provincetown, Truro, Wellfleet, Eastham, Orleans and Chatham. It is administered by the National Park Service.
SpeedStep
Enhanced SpeedStep is a series of dynamic frequency scaling technologies (codenamed Geyserville and including SpeedStep, SpeedStep II, and SpeedStep III) built into some Intel's microprocessors that allow the clock speed of the processor to be dynamically changed (to different P-states) by software. This allows the processor to meet the instantaneous performance needs of the operation being performed, while minimizing power draw and heat generation. EIST (SpeedStep III) was introduced in several Prescott 6 series in the first quarter of 2005, namely the Pentium 4 660. Intel Speed Shift Technology (SST) was introduced with Intel's Skylake microarchitecture.

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology is sometimes abbreviated as EIST. Intel's trademark of "Intel SpeedStep" was canceled due to the trademark being invalidated in 2012.

Clock rate
In computing, clock rate or clock speed is the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses used to synchronize the operations of its components. It is used as an indicator of the processor speed. Clock rate is measured in the SI unit of frequency hertz (symbol Hz).

The clock rate of the first generation of computers was measured in hertz or kilohertz (kHz), the first personal computers from the 1970s through the 1980s had clock rates measured in megahertz (MHz). In the 21st century the speed of modern CPUs is commonly advertised in gigahertz (GHz). This metric is most useful when comparing processors within the same family, holding constant other features that may affect performance.
2023–24 Iranian Futsal Super League
The 2023–24 Iranian Futsal Super League is the 25th season of the Iran Pro League and the 20th under the name Futsal Super League. Mes Sungun are the defending champions. The season will feature 12 teams from the 2022–23 Super League and two new teams promoted from the 2022–23 Iran Futsal's 1st Division.

2022–23 Iranian Futsal Super League
The 2022–23 Iranian Futsal Super League is the 24th season of the Iran Pro League and the 19th under the name Futsal Super League. Giti Pasand are the defending champions. The season will feature 12 teams from the 2021–22 Super League and two new teams promoted from the 2021–22 Iran Futsal's 1st Division.
Josh Shockley
Josh Shockley (born November 15, 1989) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2007, Shockley has also previously competed for the UFC and Bellator.

2012 in Bellator MMA
2012 in Bellator MMA was the sixth installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships, which began on March 9, 2012. The sixth season of Bellator was originally scheduled to begin on March 2, 2012.  However, the debut was pushed back a week so it began with the show on March 9, 2012.

Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in five weight classes, including the bantamweight, featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and middleweight divisions.
Structural insulated panel
A structural insulated panel, or structural insulating panel, (SIP), is a form of sandwich panel used as a building material in the construction industry.

SIP is a sandwich structured composite, consisting of an insulating layer of rigid core sandwiched between two layers of structural board. The board can be sheet metal, fibre cement, magnesium oxide board (MgO), plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), and the core can either be expanded polystyrene foam (EPS), extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), polyisocyanurate foam, polyurethane foam, or be composite honeycomb (HSC).

The sheathing accepts all tensile forces while the core material has to withstand only some compressive as well as shear forces.

In a SIP several components of conventional building, such as studs and joists, insulation, vapor barrier and air barrier can be combined. The panel can be used for many different applications, such as exterior wall, roof, floor and foundation systems.

Oriented strand board
Oriented strand board (OSB) is a type of engineered wood, formed by adding adhesives and then compressing layers of wood strands (flakes) in specific orientations. It was invented by Armin Elmendorf in California in 1963. OSB may have a rough and variegated surface with the individual strips of around 2.5 cm × 15 cm (1.0 by 5.9 inches), lying unevenly across each other, and is produced in a variety of types and thicknesses.

Oriented strand board is sometimes confused with chipboard, a synonym for particle board, whose "chips" are of a size that a lay person would likely describe as "particles".
Holmes (surname)
Holmes is an English-language surname with several origins.

The name can be a variant of the surname Holme. This surname has several etymological origins: it can be derived from a name for someone who lived next to a holly tree, from the Middle English holm; it can also be derived from the Old English holm and Old Norse holmr. Another probable origin of Holmes is from a placename near Dundonald, or else a place located in the barony of Inchestuir. The surname is also sometimes an Anglicised form of the Gaelic Mac Thomáis; similarly, Holmes can also be a variant of Cavish, derived as an Anglicised form of Mac Thámhais.

William Holmes (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir William George Holmes, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar (20 August 1892 – 16 January 1969) was a senior British Army officer who fought with distinction in the First World War. He later served in the Second World War, where he commanded the 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division during the Battle of France in May/June 1940.
Proshki
Proshki (Belarusian: Прошкі, romanized: Proški; Russian: Прошки) is a village in Vyerkhnyadzvinsk District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus. Since 2013, it has been part of Asvyeya selsoviet. The village is the northernmost settlement in the country.

Vyerkhnyadzvinsk district
Vyerkhnyadzvinsk district (Belarusian: Верхнядзьвінскі раён; Russian: Верхнедвинский район) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Vyerkhnyadzvinsk.

In this district is the northernmost point of Belarus, situated to the north of Osveya Lake. Osveya Lake is the second largest lake in the country. Another large lake in Verkhnyadzvinsk district is Lisno, which is the twelfth-largest in Belarus.
The Pretendians
The Pretendians is a Canadian television documentary film, directed by Drew Hayden Taylor and released in 2022. The film explores the issue of people falsely claiming Indigenous status despite a lack of any documented First Nations, Métis or Inuit heritage, covering the issue from a variety of facets including the production of fake Indigenous art and the efforts to track down a significant false claimant of Indigenous identity who has resisted any efforts to confront him on it.

The film debuted on September 30, 2022, as an episode of The Passionate Eye.

The film won the Donald Brittain Award for best social or political television documentary at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

Donald Brittain Award
The Donald Brittain Award is a Canadian television award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to honour the year's best television documentary on a social or political topic. Formerly presented as part of the Gemini Awards, since 2013 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards. The award may be presented to either a standalone broadcast of a documentary film, or to an individual full-length episode of a news or documentary series; documentary films which originally premiered theatrically, but were not already submitted for consideration in a CSA film category before being broadcast on television, are also considered television films for the purposes of the award.

The award is named in honour of Donald Brittain, a pioneering Canadian documentary filmmaker. On one occasion to date, the award has been won by a documentary film about Brittain and his importance to the history of Canadian documentary film.