hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thuringian Forest Nature Park
Thuringian Forest Nature Park (German: Naturpark Thüringer Wald) is one of two nature parks in the state of Thuringia, Germany.

Founded in 1990, and expanded in 2018, the nature park now covers and area of more than 2,200 km2 (850 sq mi). It extends around the Rennsteig and comprises almost the entire Thuringian Forest and the Thuringian Highlands with Eisenach in northwest and Sonneberg in the south. The nature park protection includes the 337 km2 (130 sq mi)  biosphere reservation, and a number of dams such as Tambach-Dietharz Dam, Schmalwasser Dam, Ohra Dam, Lütsche Dam and the Leibis-Lichte Dam.

The highest mountains in the park are the Großer Beerberg (982 m above sea level (NN)) and the Schneekopf (978 m above sea level (NN)).

Schneekopf
The Schneekopf (German pronunciation: [ˈʃneːˌkɔpf]) near Gehlberg in the Thuringian county of Ilm-Kreis is 978 m above sea level (NHN) and thus the second highest peak in the Thuringian Forest after its western neighbour, the Großer Beerberg (983 m). The Adler Saddle between them is only about 59.4 metres lower than the two summits. To the east some distance away is its subpeak, the Sachsenstein (915 m), to the south are the Teufelskreise (967 m) and Fichtenkopf (944 m). The Goldlauterberg (866 m) further south marks the transition to the mountain of Großer Finsterberg (944 m).
Vertex buffer object
A vertex buffer object (VBO) is an OpenGL feature that provides methods for uploading vertex data (position, normal vector, color, etc.) to the video device for non-immediate-mode rendering. VBOs offer substantial performance gains over immediate mode rendering primarily because the data reside in video device memory rather than system memory and so it can be rendered directly by the video device. These are equivalent to vertex buffers in Direct3D.

The vertex buffer object specification has been standardized by the OpenGL Architecture Review Board Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine as of OpenGL Version 1.5 (in 2003). Similar functionality was available before the standardization of VBOs via the Nvidia-created extension "vertex array range" or ATI's "vertex array object" extension.

Immediate mode (computer graphics)
Immediate mode is an API design pattern in computer graphics libraries, in which

the client calls directly cause rendering of graphics objects to the display, or in which

the data to describe rendering primitives is inserted frame by frame directly from the client into a command list (in the case of immediate mode primitive rendering),

without the use of extensive indirection – thus immediate – to retained resources. It does not preclude the use of double-buffering.

Retained mode is an alternative approach. Historically, retained mode has been the dominant style in GUI libraries; however, both can coexist in the same library and are not necessarily exclusive in practice.
Plosna
Plosna is a village in Primorje-Gorski Kotar, western Croatia. Administratively a part of the town of Bakar, it is located just to the north of Ponikve and 3 km to the north of Škrljevo. As of 2021, it had a population of 46.

Bakar, Croatia
Bakar is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. The population of the town was 8,279 according to the 2011 Croatian census, including 1,473 in the titular settlement. Ninety percent of the population declared themselves Croats by ethnicity. The largest ethnic minority are the Serbs with 2.91% of the population. The old part of Bakar is situated on a hill overlooking the Bay of Bakar. Bakar is the Croatian word for "copper".

Bakar is a port for bulk cargo and used to be known for its industrial complex that included a coke factory, which produced a considerable amount of pollution. Bakar's coke factory was closed in 1995 and the area's pollution has subsided significantly. The historical core of Bakar was registered as a cultural monument in 1968.
Hough Peak
Hough Peak (/ˈhʌf/) is a mountain in the Dix Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the 23rd-highest of the Adirondack High Peaks, with an elevation of 4,400 feet (1,300 m). The mountain is located in the High Peaks Wilderness Area, in the town of North Hudson in Essex County. It is named for Franklin B. Hough, an early Adirondack conservationist and forester.

High Peaks Wilderness Area
The High Peaks Wilderness Area is the largest wilderness area  of the Forest Preserve in the U.S. state of New York. It is located in three counties and six towns in the Adirondack Park: Harrietstown in Franklin County, North Elba, Keene, North Hudson and Newcomb in Essex County and Long Lake in Hamilton County.
Kamenev Bight
Kamenev Bight (69°55′S 9°30′E﻿ / ﻿69.917°S 9.500°E﻿ / -69.917; 9.500) is a shallow embayment about 25 nautical miles (50 km) wide in the ice shelf fringing the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Cape Krasinskiy, an ice cape, marks the western end of the bight which lies 60 nautical miles (110 km) northwest of the Schirmacher Hills. The bight was photographed from the air by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958–59 and was mapped from these photos. It was also mapped in 1961 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition who named it for S.S. Kamenev, an organizer of Arctic expeditions.

Schirmacher Hills
Schirmacher Hills (70°45′S 11°40′E﻿ / ﻿70.750°S 11.667°E﻿ / -70.750; 11.667) is a line of low coastal hills, 11 nautical miles (20 km) long, with numerous meltwater ponds (Schirmacher Oasis), standing 40 nautical miles (70 km) north of the Humboldt Mountains along the coast of Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for Richardheinrich Schirmacher, pilot of the Boreas, one of the expedition seaplanes.
Lüshi Chunqiu
The Lüshi Chunqiu (simplified Chinese: 吕氏春秋; traditional Chinese: 呂氏春秋; lit. 'Lü's Spring and Autumn'), abbreviated Lülan 吕览 "Lu Survey", also known in English as Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, is an encyclopedic Chinese classic text compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of late pre-imperial Qin Chancellor Lü Buwei. In the evaluation of Michael Loewe, "The Lü shih ch'un ch'iu is unique among early works in that it is well organized and comprehensive, containing extensive passages on such subjects as music and agriculture, unknown elsewhere." One of the longest early texts, it extends to over 100,000 words.

Combining ideas from many different 'schools', it was traditionally classified as 'Syncretist', though there was no school that called itself Syncretist. Almost certainly written for review by Qin authorities, or those who were going to come into a position of authority, Yuri Pines considered it more moral leaning than the Strategies of the Warring States.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Rawtenstall Library
Rawtenstall Library is a Carnegie Library located in the town of Rawtenstall, Lancashire.

Plans for a new library in Rawtenstall were drawn up in 1903 following the promise of a donation of £6,000 from the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Originally the building was to have included an Assembly Room and Town Hall but the full proposals failed through lack of funding and it was just the library building that was constructed and officially opened in 1907. The library was administered by the Borough of Rawtenstall until Local Government reorganisation in 1974 since when it has been managed by Lancashire County Council.

Rawtenstall
Rawtenstall (/ˈrɒtənstɔːl/) is a town in the borough of Rossendale, Lancashire, England. The town lies 15 miles (24 km) north of Manchester, 22 miles (35 km) east of Preston and 45 miles (70 km) south east of Lancaster. The town is at the centre of the Rossendale Valley. As of 2022, it had a population of 23,000.
Hermann Vöchting
Hermann Vöchting (8 February 1847, Blomberg – 24 November 1917, Tübingen) was a German botanist.

He studied botany in Berlin, where he was influenced by Alexander Braun (1805–1877), Leopold Kny (1841–1916), and Nathaniel Pringsheim (1823–1894), earning his doctorate in 1873 at the University of Göttingen with a thesis on Rhipsalideae. From 1874 he worked as a lecturer at the University of Bonn, distinguishing himself with experimental studies involving plant morphology.

In 1878 he succeeded Wilhelm Pfeffer (1845–1920) as chair of botany at the University of Basel, later relocating to the University of Tübingen, where he again was Pfeffer's successor (1887). At Tübingen he was also appointed director of the botanical institute.

Vöchting is remembered for his pioneer investigations in the field of plant physiology, including important studies involving plant root/shoot polarity.

Today the "Hermann-Vöchting-Gymnasium" in Blomberg is named in his honour.

Nathanael Pringsheim
Nathanael Pringsheim (30 November 1823 – 6 October 1894)  was a German botanist. He specialized in the algae, studying their sexual reproduction, and worked as a professor of botany at the University of Jena from 1864 but resigned in 1868 to conduct research at home. He discovered sexual reproduction in the algae and examined the alternation of generations in lower plants. He proposed the idea that chlorophyll evolved as a pigment to protect the plant cell from damage. He founded the journal Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Botanik, and helped found the German Botanical Society and the marine biological research station at Heligoland.
Ganei Modi'in
Ganei Modi'in (Hebrew: גני מודיעין, lit. 'Modi'in Gardens') is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located just over the Green Line to the north of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 3,239.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מטה בנימין, Mo'atza Azorit Mateh Binyamin, Lit. Council for the Region of the Tribe of Benjamin) is a regional council governing 47 Israeli settlements and outposts in the West Bank. The council's jurisdiction is from the Jordan valley in the east to the Samarian foothills in the west, and from the Shiloh creek in the north to the Jerusalem Mountains in the south.

The seat of the council is Psagot. The council is named for the ancient Israelite tribe of Benjamin, whose territory roughly corresponds to that of the council. The region in which the Binyamin settlements are located is referred to as the Binyamin Region.

The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal, but the state of Israel disputes this, and this applies to all communities under the administration of Mateh Binyamin.
Satiric misspelling
A satiric misspelling is the intentional misspelling of a word, phrase, or name for rhetorical effect. This can be achieved through techniques such as intentional malapropism (e.g. replacing erection for election), enallage (using incorrect grammar for effect, e.g., "we was robbed!"), or simply replacing one letter or symbol for another (e.g., using k instead of c), or symbol ($ instead of s).

Satiric misspelling is common today in informal writing on the Internet but also appears in serious political writing aimed at critiquing or opposing the status quo.

Malapropism
A malapropism (/ˈmæləprɒpɪzəm/; also called a malaprop, acyrologia or Dogberryism) is the incorrect use of a word in place of a word with a similar sound, either unintentionally or for comedic effect, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous utterance. An example is the statement attributed to baseball player Yogi Berra, regarding switch hitters, "He hits from both sides of the plate. He's amphibious", with the accidental use of amphibious rather than the intended ambidextrous. Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech and are sometimes the subject of media attention, especially when made by politicians or other prominent individuals.
Live at the Crystal Ballroom
Live at the Crystal Ballroom is a concert video by American rock band The Black Keys. It was released on November 18, 2008 and was produced and directed by Lance Bangs. The concert was filmed on April 4, 2008 at their show in Portland, Oregon at the Crystal Ballroom.

'Till I Get My Way / Girl Is on My Mind
"'Till I Get My Way/Girl Is on My Mind" is a double A-side single by American rock band The Black Keys. It features the songs "'Till I Get My Way" and "Girl Is on My Mind" from their third studio album Rubber Factory. It was released on November 22, 2004. "Girl Is on My Mind" was written by the group after the members repeatedly listened to the song "Shot Down" by fellow garage rock band The Sonics.

In December 2004, the singles "Till I Get My Way/Is on My Mind" peaked at No. 62 in UK Charts.
2010 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The 2010 Cheltenham Gold Cup was a horse race which took place at Cheltenham on Friday 19 March 2010. It was the 82nd running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup, and it was won by Imperial Commander. The winner was ridden by Paddy Brennan and trained by Nigel Twiston-Davies. The pre-race favourite Kauto Star fell at fence 19.

Cheltenham Gold Cup
51°55′13″N 2°3′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.92028°N 2.05778°W﻿ / 51.92028; -2.05778

The Cheltenham Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt horse race run on the New Course at Cheltenham Racecourse in England, over a distance of about 3 miles 2½ furlongs (3 miles 2 furlongs and 70 yards, or 5,294 m), and during its running there are 22 fences to be jumped. The race takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

The steeplechase, which is open to horses aged five years and over, is the most prestigious of all National Hunt events and it is sometimes referred to as the Blue Riband of jump-racing. Its roll of honour features the names of such chasers as Arkle, Best Mate, Golden Miller, Kauto Star, Denman and Mill House. The Gold Cup is the most valuable non-handicap chase in Britain, and in 2025 it offered a total prize fund of £625,000.
Giant Eagle
Giant Eagle, Inc. is an American supermarket chain with stores in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana,  and Maryland. The company was founded in 1918 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and incorporated on August 31, 1931. Supermarket News ranked Giant Eagle 21st on the "Top 75 North American Food Retailers" based on sales of $11 billion. In 2021, it was the 36th-largest privately held company, as determined by Forbes. Based on 2005 revenue, Giant Eagle is the 49th-largest retailer in the United States. As of summer 2014, the company had approximately $9.9 billion in annual sales. As of summer 2025, Giant Eagle, Inc. had 8 stores across the portfolio: 211 supermarkets (Giant Eagle, Giant Eagle Express, Market District, Market District Express) and 8 standalone pharmacies, having sold off its 274 fuel station/convenience stores under the GetGo banner to Alimentation Couche-Tard. The company is headquartered in an office park in Cranberry Township, PA in Butler County.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
Kansas Business Hall of Fame
The Kansas Business Hall of Fame (KBHF) recognizes business leaders who have contributed to the economic growth of the state of Kansas. It was established in 1988 by the Emporia State University School of Business, where it remains housed on the second floor of Cremer Hall.

Kansas Department of Commerce
The Kansas Department of Commerce is a department of the government of Kansas under the Governor of Kansas. As the state's lead economic development agency, it is responsible for business recruitment and expansion, as well as workforce development. The head of the Department is the Secretary of Commerce, who is appointed by the Governor, with the approval of the Kansas Senate.
Limpieza de sangre
Limpieza de sangre (Spanish: [limˈpjeθa ðe ˈsaŋɡɾe]), also known as limpeza de sangue (Portuguese: [lĩˈpezɐ ðɨ ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ], Galician: [limˈpeθɐ ðɪ ˈsaŋɡɪ]), literally 'cleanliness of blood' and meaning 'blood purity', was a racially discriminatory term used in the Crown of Castile and Portuguese Empire during the early modern period to refer to those who were considered to be Old Christians by virtue of not having Muslim, Jewish, Romani, or Agote ancestors. In both empires, the term played a major role in discrimination against suspected crypto-Jews or crypto-Muslims. Over the years it manifested into law which excluded New Christians from almost every part of society.

Henry Kamen
Henry Arthur Kamen (born 4 October 1936 in Rangoon) is a British historian who has published extensively on Spain and the Spanish Empire. In particular he has contributed to studies of the Spanish Inquisition: his The Spanish Inquisition, originally published in 1965, was revised and expanded in The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision, published in 1998. In 2017, Kamen was indicted for possessing child pornography in Athens, Georgia.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Perry County, Mississippi
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Perry County, Mississippi.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Perry County, Mississippi, United States. 
Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 2 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.

Perry County, Mississippi
Perry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,511. The county seat is New Augusta. The county is named after the War of 1812 naval hero, Oliver Hazard Perry.

Perry County is part of the Hattiesburg, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Until 1906, the county seat was the old town of Augusta, near the center of the county on the east bank of the Leaf River. At Old Augusta, the outlaw James Copeland was executed by hanging on October 30, 1857.  Old Augusta remains a small village today. New Augusta, two miles south of Old Augusta, was made the county seat of Perry County, because it was situated on the Mobile, Jackson & Kansas City Railroad.
Meet, Greet & Bye
Meet, Greet & Bye (stylized in all lowercase) is a 2025 Philippine family drama film directed by Cathy Garcia-Sampana from a screenplay she co-wrote with Jumbo A. Albano, who solely developed the story concept, and Patrick R. Valencia, who also served as a producer. Produced by Star Cinema, the film stars Maricel Soriano, Piolo Pascual, Joshua Garcia, Belle Mariano, and Juan Karlos Labajo.

The film marks Piolo Pascual's return to the family drama film genre since his 2002 film, Dekada '70. It also marks as his comeback movie with Star Cinema since his 2017 film, Last Night with Toni Gonzaga and reunite with Maricel Soriano after 24 years since their 2001 film, Mila. The film also marks Juan Karlos Labajo's debut movie with Star Cinema and his first time working with Cathy Garcia-Sampana.

Mila (2001 film)
Mila is a 2001 Filipino drama film directed by Joel C. Lamangan from a screenplay written by Ricky Lee, based on the life story of Anita Pamintuan. Starring Maricel Soriano in the title role, the film revolves around a public school teacher who joined a strike where she and her fellow educators demanded the government increase their wages and benefits. It co-stars Piolo Pascual, Princess Punzalan, Cherry Pie Picache, Kaye Abad, Serena Dalrymple, Jiro Manio and Angelica Panganiban.

Produced and distributed by Star Cinema, it was theatrically released on June 27, 2001, as part of the film studio's 8th anniversary offering. In 2018, the film was digitally restored and remastered by ABS-CBN Film Restoration, in partnership with Central Digital Lab.
Cosmography
The term cosmography has two distinct meanings: traditionally it has been the protoscience of mapping the general features of the cosmos, heaven and Earth; more recently, it has been used to describe the ongoing effort to determine the large-scale features of the observable universe.

Premodern views of cosmography can be traditionally divided into those following the tradition of ancient near eastern cosmology, dominant in the Ancient Near East and in early Greece.

Cosmos
The cosmos (/ˈkɒzmɒs/, US also /-moʊs, -məs/; Ancient Greek: κόσμος, romanized: kósmos) is an alternative name for the universe or its nature or order. Usage of the word cosmos implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity.

The cosmos is studied in cosmology – a broad discipline covering scientific, religious or philosophical aspects of the cosmos and its nature. Religious and philosophical approaches may include the cosmos among spiritual entities or other matters deemed to exist outside the physical universe.
Kapampangan language
Kapampangan, Capampáñgan, or Pampangan, is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac, on the southern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, where the Kapampangan ethnic group resides. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan, as well as in the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon. The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan ('breastfed, or nurtured, language').

Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam, but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").