hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walden Two
Walden Two is a utopian novel written by behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner, first published in 1948. At that time, it was considered as science fiction since science-based methods for altering human behavior were not widespread. Such methods are now known as applied behavior analysis. In this book B. F. Skinner is essentially putting forward his ideas as applied to practical everyday and communal problems, for instance how to raise children, balance work and life, or help people have happy and meaningful lives.

The book is controversial because its characters speak of a rejection of free will, including a rejection of the proposition that human behavior is controlled by a non-corporeal entity, such as a spirit or a soul. It embraces the proposition that the behavior of organisms, including humans, is determined by environmental variables, and that systematically altering environmental variables can generate a sociocultural system that very closely approximates utopia.

Experimental analysis of behavior
The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization. A central method was the  examination of functional relations between environment and behavior, as opposed to hypothetico-deductive learning theory that had grown up in the comparative psychology of the 1920–1950 period. Skinner's approach was characterized by observation of measurable behavior which could be predicted and controlled. It owed its early success to the effectiveness of Skinner's procedures of operant conditioning, both in the laboratory and in behavior therapy.
Chigateri
Chigateri is a village in the Harapanahalli taluk of Vijayanagara District of Karnataka, India.

Naradamuni temple is located there which has followers mainly from Davanagere, Vijayanagara, Ballari, Chitradurga, Haveri, Gadag, Koppala, Shivamogga districts of Karnataka and other states.

Harapanahalli taluk
Harapanahalli Taluk is a taluk in Vijayanagara district of the Indian state of Karnataka. The headquarters is the town of Harapanahalli, Harapanahalli. There are thirty seven Grama Panchayat villages in Harapanahalli Taluk.
Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan
Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan (PNLA) was founded in 1979 in Nimruz province of Afghanistan by Abdul Karim Brahui and Gul Mohammad Rahimi. It was a Baloch nationalist guerrilla group, representing the Baloch minority of southwestern Afghanistan.

Baloch nationalism
Baloch nationalism (Balochi: بلۏچی راجدۏستی, romanized: Balòci ràjdòsti) is an ideology which asserts that the Baloch people, an Iranic ethnic group native to Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, form a distinct nation.
2019 European Open
The 2019 European Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the European Open and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It took place at the Lotto Arena in Antwerp, Belgium, from October 14 to October 20.

2019 ATP Tour
The 2019 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2019 tennis season. The 2019 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour 500 series, the ATP Tour 250 series and Davis Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 2019 calendar were the Hopman Cup, the Laver Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals which do not distribute ranking points. For the Masters series events the ATP introduced a shot clock. Players had a minute to come on court, 5 minutes to warmup, and then a minute to commence play, as well as 25 seconds between points.
Peard Bay
Peard Bay is a bay in the Chukchi Sea, in Alaska's North Slope. It is located at 70°50′43″N 158°48′39″W﻿ / ﻿70.84528°N 158.81083°W﻿ / 70.84528; -158.81083. This bay lies just a few miles northeast of Wainwright. It was named by Frederick William Beechey in 1826, after one of his officers.

Peard Bay is relatively small and it is limited by Point Franklin on its western side.

Peard Bay Airport (WQJ) is close to the bay area.

In several documents this bay is named erroneously as "Pearl Bay".

Kugrua Bay is a smaller bay to the southeast, accessible through an opening in the shoreline of Peard Bay.

Chukchi Sea
The Chukchi Sea (Russian: Чуко́тское мо́ре, romanized: Chukótskoye móre, IPA: [tɕʊˈkotskəjə ˈmorʲe]), sometimes referred to as the Chuuk Sea, Chukotsk Sea or the Sea of Chukotsk, is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea. The Bering Strait forms its southernmost limit and connects it to the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The principal port on the Chukchi Sea is Uelen in Russia. The International Date Line crosses the Chukchi Sea from northwest to southeast. It is displaced eastwards to avoid Wrangel Island as well as the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug on the Russian mainland.
Aswarby and Swarby
Aswarby and Swarby is a civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Aswarby (pronounced locally as "as-r-bee") is the ecclesiastical parish formed in 1850 from the two ancient parishes of Asarby and Swarby. The civil parish of Aswarby and Swarby does not include the hamlet of Crofton, just next door in Aunsby and Dembleby. The parish therefore consists of only Aswarby and Swarby, and a number of farms and plantations.

The villages of Aswarby and Swarby lie 3.5 miles (6 km) from Sleaford, the closest town to them, and 14 miles (23 km) from Grantham. The nearest station to Aswarby and Swarby is that of Rauceby, approximately 8 miles (13 km) north from the village.

Aswarby should not be confused with Aswardby, which is also in Lincolnshire, but about 35 miles (56 km) North-East of Aswarby.

Aswarby (St. Denis), is a parish in the union of Sleaford, wapentake of Aswardhurn, parts of Kesteven, county of Lincoln, 4 miles (N. by W.) from Folkingham.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
La Paz–Wikenburg Road
La Paz–Wikenburg Road was a 131-mile-long (211 km) wagon road from 1863 and from 1866 a stagecoach route between the Colorado River landings at La Paz, Olive City and Mineral City to the mining town of Wickenburg, Arizona. From Wickenburg roads led to other new mining camps and districts in the interior of Arizona Territory. From 1862, when the river changed its course, La Paz was isolated on the slough of the old river channel over four miles (6.4 km) from the new river channel. In 1866, the road head changed to the new river landing of Ehrenburg, where the Bradshaw Trail wagon and stagecoach road from San Bernardino, California, crossed the Colorado River at Bradshaw's Ferry.: xxvii

La Paz, Arizona
La Paz (Yavapai: Wi:hela) was a short-lived early gold mining town along on the western border of current-day La Paz County, Arizona. The town grew quickly after gold was discovered nearby in 1862. La Paz, Spanish for peace, was chosen as the name in recognition of the feast day for Our Lady of Peace.  Originally located in the New Mexico Territory, the town became part of the Arizona Territory when President Abraham Lincoln established the new territory in 1863. In 1983 the newly formed County of La Paz adopted the name, long after the town had become a ghost town.

La Paz was the location of the La Paz Incident in 1863, the westernmost confrontation of the American Civil War.
Jason Cleere
Jason Cleere (born 1 August 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Bennettsbridge and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left wing-back.

2014 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2014 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship is the 84th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship for players under the age of eighteen since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 9 April 2014 and will end on 7 September 2014.

Waterford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the All-Ireland semi-final.

Kilkenny won the title after a 2-17 to 0-19 win against Limerick in the final on 7 September at Croke Park.

Kilkenny's Alan Murphy was the championship's top scorer with 3-46.
NGC 3507
NGC 3507 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo. The galaxy lies about 50 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3507 is approximately 47,000 light years across. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 14, 1784.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Michael Lyons (politician)
Michael Dalgan Lyons (1 November 1910 – 19 November 1991) was an Irish Fine Gael politician from Ballyhaunis, County Mayo.

A farmer and former employee of the Irish Sugar Company, he stood unsuccessfully as a Fine Gael candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Mayo South constituency at three successive general elections (1954, 1957, and 1961) before finally winning the seat at the 1965 general election to the 18th Dáil. He served only one term in the Dáil, losing his seat at the 1969 general election.

Lyons did not stand for the Dáil again, but after his 1969 defeat he was elected to the 12th Seanad on the Labour Panel. He was re-elected in 1973 to the 13th Seanad and in 1977 to the 14th Seanad, but did not contest the 1981 Seanad election.

14th Seanad
The 14th Seanad was in office from 1977 to 1981. An election to 43 of the 60 seats in Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) took place in August 1977, following the 1977 general election to the 21st Dáil. The remaining 11 seats were occupied by nominees of Jack Lynch as Taoiseach.

The senators served until the close of poll for the 15th Seanad in 1981.
Kamoenai, Hokkaido
Kamoenai (神恵内村, Kamoenai-mura) is a village located in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the second smallest municipality in Hokkaido by population, after Otoineppu.

As of September 2016, the village has an estimated population of 904. The total area is 147.71 km2.

Otoineppu, Hokkaido
Otoineppu (音威子府村, Otoineppu-mura) is a village located in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 31 January 2025, the village had an estimated population of 584 in 402 households, and a population density of 2.1 people per km2. The total area of the village is 275.63 km2 (106.42 sq mi). Otoineppu designates itself as the "smallest village in Hokkaido".
Rutherford ministry
The Rutherford Ministry was the combined Cabinet (called Executive Council of Alberta), chaired by Premier Alexander Cameron Rutherford, and Ministers that governed Alberta from the day following the province's Confederation into Canada on September 2, 1905, to part way through the 2nd Alberta Legislature on May 26, 1910.

The Executive Council (commonly known as the cabinet) was made up of members of the Alberta Liberal Party which held a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The cabinet was appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta on the advice of the Premier.

Following the repercussions of the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway scandal, Rutherford resigned as Premier of Alberta on May 26, 1910, and was replaced by Arthur Sifton and the Sifton Ministry.

Premier of Alberta
The premier of Alberta is the head of government and first minister of the Canadian province of Alberta. The current premier is Danielle Smith, leader of the governing United Conservative Party, who was sworn in on October 11, 2022.

The premier of Alberta is the leader of the legislative majority in the Alberta Legislature. The premier selects ministers of the Crown to the Executive Council of Alberta (the "cabinet") and as such is the head of the government in Alberta. The premier is the first minister representing Alberta towards the federal government and the other provinces and territories in Canada.

By constitutional convention the premier is normally a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Beaver Field
Beaver Field (1892–1908), was the first official home to the Penn State football and baseball teams in University Park, Pennsylvania, United States. Retroactively known as "Old Beaver Field", it had a capacity of 500 and stood between present-day Osmond and Frear Laboratories, now the site of a parking lot.

Penn State Nittany Lions baseball
The Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Big Ten Conference.
Sau Mau Ping gang murder
The Sau Mau Ping gang murder (Yue Chinese: 秀茂坪童黨燒屍案, lit. 'Corpse burning by Sau Mau Ping juvenile gang') is a Hong Kong torture-murder case happened in 1997 in which a 16-year-old teenager died following assaults by a group of 14 of his “brothers”, aged between 14 and 17, who later also burnt the corpse and hid it in rubbish.

Six were convicted of murder in the lower court, making this the largest group of underage murderers. This remains one of the most notorious teen gang attacks, and raised awareness on youth lawlessness.

Sau Mau Ping Estate
Sau Mau Ping Estate (Chinese: 秀茂坪邨) is one of the earliest public housing estates in Kwun Tong District, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. It has 18 tenement blocks, providing a total of 12,310 rental flats. Each of them has a size of 10.6 to 52.2 square metres (114 to 562 sq ft). A total of 38,833 residents currently live in the 11,912 households on the Sau Mau Ping Estate.

Hiu Lai Court (曉麗苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court beneath Sau Mau Ping Estate. It has a total of eight blocks built in 1997.
Kibber
Kibber, also Kibber Khas and Khyipur,: 61  is a village high in the Spiti Valley in the Himalayas at 4,270 m (14,010 ft) in Himachal Pradesh in northern India. It contains a monastery and is a base for visiting the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary. It is located 19 km (12 mi) from Kaza and a bus service connects them in the summer months.  Agriculture forms the backbone of the local economy and lush green fields are abundant.  It is the base for visitors to the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, home to about 30 snow leopards.  Treks to nearby peaks and to a high pass in the Zanskar range between Spiti and Ladakh start from Kibber.

Hanle (village)
Hanle, also spelt Anle, is a large historic village in the Leh district of the Indian union territory of Ladakh. It is located in the Hanle River valley on an old branch of the ancient Ladakh–Tibet trade route. It comprises six hamlets called Bhok, Dhado, Punguk, Khuldo, Naga and a Tibetan Refugee habitation. It is the site of the 17th-century Hanle Monastery of the Drukpa Kagyu branch of Tibetan Buddhism.

Hanle is the home of Hanle observatory (ISO - Indian Astronomical Observatory), the tenth highest on the list of highest astronomical observatories in the world.
Mennaye Field
The Mennaye Field is a sports stadium located in Penzance, Cornwall, UK. The ground was provided by the Borough of Penzance for the Penzance and Newlyn RFC formed on Tuesday, 12 December 1944 with the amalgamation of Penzance RFC and Newlyn RFC. The current tenants are the Cornish Pirates rugby union team, who play in the RFU Championship. The club moved, in 2005, to a temporary stadium at Kenwyn, near Truro and the following year to Camborne Recreation Ground. In 2010 the club returned to the Mennaye Field and announced that the capacity would increase from its original 3,500 to 4,000, including 2,200 seats.

Newlyn RFC
Newlyn RFC was a rugby football club formed in 1894 (or 1895) and based in Newlyn, Cornwall, UK. They played their final match in December 1939 and amalgamated with Penzance RFC in 1944 to form Penzance & Newlyn RFC (The Pirates), currently known as the Cornish Pirates.
Ferdinandea (Calabria)
Ferdinandea is an area of 3600 hectare in Serre Calabresi (Calabria, southern Italy) included in the territories of Bivongi, Stilo, Brognaturo, Mongiana and Serra San Bruno in the provinces of Reggio Calabria and Vibo Valentia.

Ferdinandea is entirely covered by fir and beech woods.

The name originates from King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, who used the area for hunting after 1832. He later turned it into a metal industry center, building here a foundry,  ironworks, residential and administrative buildings and stables.

Serre Calabresi
The Serre Calabresi or Calabrian Serre (Calabrian dialect: Serra) are a mountain and hill area of Calabria, southern Italy, characterized by large extents of woods.

The name could be derived by the Jewish Ser, meaning "mountains", or it could refer to the shape of a handsaw. The highest peak is the Monte Pecoraro, with an altitude of 1423 m.
Ralph Hasenhüttl
Ralph Hasenhüttl (listenⓘ; born 9 August 1967) is an Austrian professional football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of VfL Wolfsburg. During his playing career, he played as a centre forward.

As a manager, he has developed a reputation as an Alpine Klopp for similarities in the style of play of his teams. He managed RB Leipzig to a second placed finish in their debut season in the Bundesliga before having a four-year period in charge of Southampton in the Premier League. In March 2024, he returned to German football as manager of VfL Wolfsburg and was dismissed in May 2025.

Austrian Cup
The Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup), known as UNIQA ÖFB Cup for sponsorship purposes, is an annual football competition held by the Austrian Football Association, the ÖFB. Austria Wien are the record cup winners, having won for the 27th time in 2008–09. Wolfsberger AC are the current holders, winning their first ever cup trophy in the 2024-25 edition.
Constantin Daicoviciu, Caraș-Severin
Constantin Daicoviciu (until 1973 Căvăran; Hungarian: Kavarán) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 2,946 people. It is composed of six villages: Constantin Daicoviciu, Maciova (Mácsova), Mâtnicu Mare (Nagymutnok), Peștere (Krassóbarlang), Prisaca (Gyepesfalu) and Zăgujeni (Zaguzsén). It is situated in the historical region of Banat.

The commune is located in the northern part of the county, at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Caransebeș and 56 km (35 mi) from the county seat, Reșița.

Constantin Daicoviciu is situated on the Căile Ferate Române Line 900, which runs from Bucharest to Jimbolia.

Reșița
Reșița (pronounced [ˈreʃit͡sa] ⓘ; German: Reschitz; Hungarian: Resicabánya; Croatian: Ričica; Czech: Rešice; Serbian: Решица/Rešica; Turkish: Reşçe) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city had a population of 58,393 in 2021. It administers six villages: Câlnic (Kölnök), Cuptoare (Kuptore), Doman (Domány), Moniom (Monyó), Secu (Székul; Sekul), and Țerova (Krassócser).
Mohammed Hashi Gani
Mohammed Hashi Gani (Somali: Maxamed Xaashi Ghani) commonly referred to as "Hashi Gani" was a Somali military officer and Brigadier General who served in the Somali National Army under the Somali Democratic Republic from 1980 to 1991. Alongside being governor of Hargeisa in northern Somalia he led the command of the 26th Division. Hashi Gani was accused by northern Somalis belonging to the Isaaq clan of overseeing torture and killings during his time as military commander.

Mohamed Hashi Lihle
Mohamed Hashi Dirie (Somali: Maxamed Xaashi Diiriye Lixle), commonly known as Lihle (Somali: Lixle) was a Somali military leader, colonel of the Somali National Army and later the commander of the military wing of the Somali National Movement. He belonged to the Farah Mohamed branch of the Musa Abdallah subclan of the Habr Yunis.
2012 Rampayoh helicopter crash
On 20 July 2012, a Bell 212 helicopter of the Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF) crashed in the region of Kuala Belait, at Ulu Rampayoh in Mukim Labi. Twelve of the fourteen people on board were killed. The two survivors were in serious condition but recovered. The Ministry of Defence (MinDef) of the country revealed on the following day, what is thought to be the biggest aviation accident in the country's history. In order to stop such mishaps from happening again, the board of inquiry suggested that the air force enhance safety, protocols, and training after the incident.

The Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) and the MinDef formed the Supreme Board of Inquiry (BOI) on 25 July 2012, with the goals of looking into the Bell 212 helicopter crash, suggesting ways to avoid such events in the future, and strengthening safety procedures. After 40 years of service, the Bell 212 fleet was officially retired on 1 August 2014, and replaced with Sikorsky S-70i helicopters.

Royal Brunei Air Force
The Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF), natively known as the Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei (TUDB), is the air force of the sultanate of Brunei.  It is headquartered and mainly based at the Royal Brunei Air Force Base, Rimba, opposite the Brunei International Airport (BIA).  Its role is to defend the national airspace and to provide air policing and surveillance of its land and maritime borders. As of 2024, it operates twenty-two manned aircraft and five unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

The RBAirF was formed as an independent air force on 1 October 1991.  It was originally created in 1965 as the Air Wing of the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment (Askar Melayu Diraja Brunei; AMDB), the forerunner of today's Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF).  The Air Wing had operated helicopters (the Bell 205) since 1966. The annual anniversary ceremony of RBAirF's inception was place on 24 June every year.