hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Tesla coil
Nikola Tesla patented the Tesla coil circuit on April 25, 1891. and first publicly demonstrated it May 20, 1891 in his lecture "Experiments with Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination" before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers at Columbia College, New York. Although Tesla patented many similar circuits during this period, this was the first that contained all the elements of the Tesla coil: high voltage primary transformer, capacitor, spark gap, and air core "oscillation transformer".

From Tesla's time until the 1930s Tesla coils were widely used in radio transmitters, quack electrotherapy, and experiments in wireless power transmission, and more recently in movies and show business.

Induction coil
An induction coil or "spark coil" (archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Rühmkorff) is a type of transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply.  To create the flux changes necessary to induce voltage in the secondary coil, the direct current in the primary coil is repeatedly interrupted by a vibrating mechanical contact called an interrupter.  Invented in 1836 by the Irish-Catholic priest Nicholas Callan, also independently by American inventor Charles Grafton Page, the induction coil was the first type of transformer.  It was widely used in x-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters, arc lighting and quack medical electrotherapy devices from the 1880s to the 1920s.  Today its only common use is as the ignition coils in internal combustion engines and in physics education to demonstrate induction.
Seán Brady (senator)
Seán Brady (1890 – 29 December 1969) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1957 to 1965. He was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 9th Seanad in 1957, and was elected to the 10th Seanad in 1961 by the Administrative Panel. He did not contest the 1965 election.

10th Seanad
The 10th Seanad was in office from 1961 to 1965. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1961 general election to the 19th Dáil. The senators served until the close of the poll for the 11th Seanad in 1965.
Bullia digitalis
Bullia digitalis, the finger plough shell, plough snail or surfing snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks.

These dominant scavengers are attracted by the scent of decaying animal matter from a considerable distance so that they converge from all directions to feed.

Nassariidae
The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (US), or dog whelks (UK) are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized snails, mostly marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. These snails have rounded shells with a high spire, an oval aperture, and a siphonal notch. This family of snails is found worldwide.

These snails are found mostly in shallow water, on sandy or muddy substrates, often intertidally, but sometimes in deep water. They can be present in very large numbers in suitable habitat. Nassariidae are primarily active and lively scavengers.
Prochymal
Prochymal is a stem cell therapy made by Osiris Therapeutics. It is the first stem cell therapy approved by Canada. It is also the first therapy approved by Canada for acute graft-vs-host disease (GvHD). Also known as remestemcel-L, Prochymal was sold to Australia-based Mesoblast in 2013 at which time its brand name was changed to Ryoncil.

It is an allogeneic stem therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (also medicinal signalling cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of adult donors. MSCs are purified from the marrow, cultured and packaged, with up to 10,000 doses derived from a single donor. The doses are stored frozen until needed.

Stem-cell therapy
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2024, the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.

Stem-cell therapy has become controversial following developments such as the ability of scientists to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells, to create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer, and their use of techniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells. This controversy is often related to abortion politics and  human cloning. Additionally, efforts to market treatments based on transplant of stored umbilical cord blood have been controversial.
Pachyphytum bracteosum
Pachyphytum bracteosum, the large-bracted pachyphytum, is a perennial succulent native to Mexico, occurring on rocks at altitudes between 1,200–1,800 m (3,900–5,900 ft). The succulent has a diploid number of 66 or 132. The closest relatives of the plant are Pachyphytum oviferum and Pachyphytum longifolium.

Pachyphytum oviferum
Pachyphytum oviferum, the sugaralmond plant or moonstone, is a species of plant in the genus Pachyphytum.

The meaning of the name Pachyphytum oviferum is thick plant bearing eggs.

It comes from Mexico, in the rocky cliffs of the state of San Luis Potosi at 1200 meters altitude.
Avalanche (phishing group)
Avalanche was a criminal syndicate involved in phishing attacks, online bank fraud, and ransomware. The name also refers to the network of owned, rented, and compromised systems used to carry out that activity. Avalanche only infected computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system.

In November 2016, the Avalanche botnet was destroyed after a four-year project by an international consortium of law enforcement, commercial, academic, and private organizations.

Domain name registrar
A domain name registrar is a company, person, or office that manages the reservation of Internet domain names.

A domain name registrar must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. A registrar operates in accordance with the guidelines of the designated domain name registries. As of March 2024, there are 2,800 domain name registrars accredited by ICANN.
2011 Japan national football team
The Japan national football team in 2011, managed by head coach Alberto Zaccheroni, began by competing and winning the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. The win meant Japan were crowned the Champions of Asia for a record 4th time and earned a berth in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. The team would continue by competing in the 2011 Kirin Cup and the 2011 Copa América in amongst other international friendly matches before closing out 2011 by commencing in the third round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification as they progress towards the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

2011 AFC Asian Cup
The 2011 AFC Asian Cup was the 15th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were held in Qatar from 7 to 29 January 2011. It was the second time that the tournament was hosted by Qatar, the previous occasion being the 1988 AFC Asian Cup. Japan won the cup for the record-breaking fourth time after a 1–0 win against Australia, and earned the right to compete in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from AFC.

A television viewing audience of 484 million in 80 countries across the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, North America and North Africa witnessed Japan defeat Australia 1–0 in the final.
T. J. Shope
Thomas Ray "T. J." Shope Jr. (born August 12, 1985) is an American Republican politician and businessman who has been a member of the Arizona Legislature from the 16th Legislative District, which covers central and eastern Pinal County and southern Gila County. First elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2012, he was a member of the House from January 2013 to January 2021; in the latter part of his time in the state House, he was Speaker Pro Tempore. Shope was elected to the Arizona State Senate in November 2020, and took office in January 2021.

Florence, Arizona
Florence (O'odham: S-auppag) is a town in Pinal County, Arizona, United States. Florence, which is the county seat of Pinal County, is one of the oldest towns in that county and includes a National Historic District with over 25 buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The population of Florence was 26,785 at the 2020 census.
Gortumly
Gortumly is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland, within the civil parish of Castlelost. The R446 regional road cuts through the south of the townland with the R400 to the west. The town of Rochfortbridge is directly to the south in the townlands of Rahanine and Castlelost. Bordering townlands include Derry, Fearmore and Gibbonstown to the west, Drumman to the east, and Gallstown to the north.

Fearmore
Fearmore (Irish: Fiar Mór) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is located in the civil parish of Kilbride. The R400 regional road runs through the east of the area. The townland of Derry lies to the south, Clontytallon and Whitewell to the west, Gibbonstown to the east and the town of Rochfortbridge is to the south.
1996 Dunhill Cup
The 1996 Dunhill Cup was the 12th Dunhill Cup. It was a team tournament featuring 16 countries, each represented by three players. The Cup was played 10–13 October at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. The sponsor was the Alfred Dunhill company. The American team of Phil Mickelson, Mark O'Meara, and Steve Stricker beat the team from New Zealand of Frank Nobilo, Greg Turner, and Grant Waite in the final. It was the third win for the United States.

Match play
Match play is a scoring system for golf in which a player, or team, earns a point for each hole in which they have bested their opponents; as opposed to stroke play, in which the total number of strokes is counted over one or more rounds of 18 holes. In match play the winner is the player, or team, with the most points at the end of play.

Although most professional tournaments are played using the stroke play scoring system, there are, or have been, some exceptions, for example the now defunct WGC Match Play and the Volvo World Match Play Championship, and most team events, for example the Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup, all of which are in match play format.
Alyxoria culmigena
Alyxoria culmigena is a species of script lichen in the family Lecanographaceae. The species forms a very thin, often barely visible greyish or brownish film on bark, with narrow dark fruiting bodies that appear as short script-like lines scattered across the surface. It grows mainly on smooth bark of shrubs and trees in sheltered, humid locations such as coastal hedgerows, and is characteristic of mild lowland climates with warm winters. The lichen is widely distributed in western and southern Europe and has also been recorded from tropical oceanic islands including the Caribbean and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Lecanographaceae
Lecanographaceae is a family of mostly lichens (also some lichenicolous fungi) in the order Arthoniales. The family was circumscribed in 2014, prompted by a molecular phylogenetic-based restructuring of the Arthoniales.
1953 Latin Cup
The 1953 Latin Cup (Portuguese: Copa Latina 1953) was the fifth edition of the annual Latin Cup which was played by clubs of the Southwest European nations of France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The tournament was hosted by Portugal, and the French club Reims was the winner of the tournament after defeating A.C. Milan by a score of 3–0 in the final match.

Latin Cup
The Latin Cup was an international official football tournament for club sides from the Southwest European nations of France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. In 1949, the football federations came together and requested FIFA launch the competition. European clubs could not afford hefty travel costs, so competition was staged at the end of every season in a single host country. The competition featured two semi-finals, a third-place play-off, and a final.

This competition is considered a predecessor of European club tournaments, namely the European Cup, the first edition of which was held in 1955.

FIFA and UEFA recently validated the official status of the Latin Cup, which explains its inclusion in Real Madrid's list of achievements.
Postal Stationery Society
The Postal Stationery Society was formed on 26 September 1992 at an inaugural meeting held at the Union Jack Club, London., Starting in February 1993 the Society has published a Journal containing Society news and articles on all aspects of postal stationery. Initially the Journal was bi-annual and since 2002 it has been published quarterly.

Postal stationery
A piece of postal stationery is a stationery item, such as a stamped envelope, letter sheet, postal card, lettercard, aerogram or wrapper, with an imprinted stamp or inscription indicating that a specific rate of postage or related service has been prepaid.  It does not, however, include any postcard without a pre-printed stamp, and it is different from freepost for preprinted cards issued by businesses. In general, postal stationery is handled similarly to postage stamps; sold from post offices either at the face value of the printed postage or, more likely, with a surcharge to cover the additional cost of the stationery. It can take the form of an official mail issue produced only for the use of government departments.
José Francisco Molina
José Francisco Molina Jiménez (born 8 August 1970) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, currently he is the  manager of the Honduras national football team.

Eleven years of his extensive professional career were spent at Atlético Madrid and Deportivo de La Coruña, where he won a total of five titles. Over 14 seasons, he appeared in 415 La Liga matches.

A Spain international for four years, Molina represented the nation at the 1998 World Cup and two European Championships.

2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League
2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League (also known as BOCG Life Hong Kong Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the inaugural season of Hong Kong Premier League, the top division of Hong Kong football. The fixtures were announced on 15 August 2014. The season began on 12 September 2014 and concluded on 9 May 2015.
Valentina Gaganova
Valentina Ivanovna Gaganova (Russian: Валентина Ивановна Гаганова; 3 January 1932 – 25 October 2010) was a Russian and Soviet textile worker and politician who was shop foreman of the Vyshnevolotsk cotton mill. In order to bring lagging areas up to the level of advanced ones, she started a movement that was extensively implemented in the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. Gaganova was twice elected to serve on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for ten years and was an elected deputy of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union for four years. She received various awards such as the Order of Lenin, the Hero of Socialist Labour, the Medal "For Labour Valour", the Order of the October Revolution and the Order of Honour.

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
Catriona (novel)
Catriona (also known as David Balfour) is an 1893 novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson as a sequel to his earlier novel Kidnapped (1886). It was first published in the magazine Atalanta from December 1892 to September 1893. The novel continues the story of the central character in Kidnapped, David Balfour.

Allan Breck Stewart
Allan Breck Stewart (Gaelic: Ailean Breac Stùibhart; c. 1722 – c. 1791) was a Scottish soldier and Jacobite. He was also a prime suspect in the Appin Murder case, that inspired novels by Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson.
Deaths in July 2019
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2019.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (in case citations, D.N.J.) is a federal court in the Third Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The Judiciary Act of 1789 established New Jersey as a single District on September 24, 1789.  On February 13, 1801 the Judiciary Act of 1801 reorganized the federal court system, resulting in the state being divided into Eastern and Western districts.  The Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed on March 8, 1802 and New Jersey was re-established as a single district court.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of March 24, 2025 the acting United States attorney for the District of New Jersey is Alina Habba.
John Hibbert (cricketer)
John Calvert Hibbert (4 August 1853 – 23 March 1929) was an English first-class cricketer and banker.

The son of Leicester Hibbert, he was born in August 1853 at Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire. He studied at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, but became a banker. He played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club making two appearances against Hampshire in 1881 and Somerset in 1882. He struggled as a batsman, being dismissed for a duck in all three of his innings' in first-class cricket. Hibbert died in Southern France at Saint-Raphaël while staying with relatives in March 1929. His uncle, Charles Calvert, was also a first-class cricketer.

Charles Calvert (cricketer, born 1833)
Charles Calvert (21 March 1833 – 7 April 1905) was an English first-class cricketer active 1865–68 who played for Middlesex and Surrey. He was born in Kneller Hall, Middlesex and died in Ecclefechan. He played in 27 first-class matches and captained Surrey in 1868.
Équipe Montréal
Équipe Montréal (English: Team Montreal) was a municipal political party that existed from 1998 to 2001 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded by Jean Doré, a former leader of the Montreal Citizens' Movement (MCM) who served as mayor of Montreal from 1986 to 1994.

Montreal Citizens' Movement
The Montreal Citizens' Movement (MCM, French: Rassemblement des citoyens et des citoyennes de Montréal or RCM) was a municipal political party in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  It existed from 1973 to 2001.
Martingale (clothing)
A martingale (also martingale belt) is a strap on a dress or a half-belt on a coat or a jacket, used to adjust the fullness of the cloth.

The martingale is typically attached to the piece of clothing by buttons. In a military overcoat, a martingale is a common and practical feature, as a pleated coat can be spread out as a blanket once the strap is unfastened.

Pleat
A pleat (plait in older English) is a type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place. It is commonly used in clothing and upholstery to narrow a wide piece of fabric through gathering.

Pleats are categorized as pressed, that is, ironed or otherwise heat-set into a sharp crease, or unpressed, falling in soft rounded folds. Pleats sewn into place are called tucks.
Anna Berreiter
Anna Berreiter (born 3 September 1999) is a German luger. She is the 2023 World and European Champion and silver medallist at the 2022 Winter Olympics. A two-time Under-23 World Champion, Berreiter was also part of the German squad that took the World team relay title in 2023 and has won further 1 silver and 1 bronze medals in sprint discipline at the World Championships level. She is the youngest woman to win a Luge World Cup race, and so far, has won 5 individual races in her World Cup career.

International Luge Federation
The International Luge Federation  (French: Fédération Internationale de Luge (FIL); German: Internationaler Rennrodelverband) is the main international federation for all luge sports. Founded by 13 nations at Davos, Switzerland in 1957, it has members of 53 national luge associations as of 2009 and is based in Berchtesgaden, Germany.
Sonoran horned lizard
The Sonoran horned lizard (Phrynosoma goodei), also known commonly as Goode's desert horned lizard and el camaleón de Sonora in Mexican Spanish, is a species of horned lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. The species is native to Arizona in the United States and to Sonora in Mexico.

Horned lizard
Phrynosoma, whose members are known as the horned lizards, horny toads, or horntoads, is a genus of North American lizards and the type genus of the family Phrynosomatidae. Their common names refer directly to their horns or to their flattened, rounded bodies (squat bodied), and blunt snouts.

The generic name Phrynosoma means "toad-bodied". In common with true toads (amphibians of the family Bufonidae), horned lizards tend to move sluggishly, often remain motionless, and rely on their remarkable camouflage to avoid detection by predators.  They are adapted to arid or semiarid areas. The spines on the lizard's back and sides are modified reptile scales, which prevent water loss through the skin, whereas the horns on the head are true horns (i.e., they have a bony core). A urinary bladder is absent. Of the 21 species of horned lizards, 15 are native to the US. The largest-bodied and most widely distributed of the American species is the Texas horned lizard.
Belmont-sur-Montreux railway station
Belmont-sur-Montreux railway station (French: Gare de Belmont-sur-Montreux) is a railway station in the municipality of Montreux, in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line of the Montreux Oberland Bernois Railway.

Montreux
Montreux (UK: /mɒ̃ˈtrɜː/, US: /mɒ̃ˈtroʊ/; French: [mɔ̃tʁø] ⓘ; Arpitan: Montrolx) is a Swiss municipality and town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps. It belongs to the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud, having a population of nearly 27,000 with about 85,000 in the Vevey-Montreux agglomeration as of 2019.

Located in the centre of a region named the Vaud or Swiss Riviera (French: Riviera vaudoise), Montreux has been an important tourist destination since the 19th century due to its mild climate. The region includes numerous Belle Époque palaces and hotels near the shores of Lake Geneva. Montreux railway station is a stop on the Simplon Railway and is a mountain railway hub.