hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres (T38)
The men's 100 metres (T38) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Carrara Stadium on 9 April 2018. The event was open to para-sport athletes competing under the T37 / T38 classifications.

Carrara Stadium
Carrara Stadium, currently known as People First Stadium under sponsorship reasons, is a stadium on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, located in the suburb of Carrara.

The stadium is primarily used for Australian rules football, serving as the home ground of the Gold Coast Suns, who compete in the Australian Football League. In addition, the venue is used occasionally for cricket, including Big Bash League matches. Carrara Stadium received substantial redevelopment work prior to the entry of the Brisbane Bears to the VFL/AFL in 1987, but following the Bears' relocation to the Gabba in 1993, it was used for other sports including rugby league, rugby union and even baseball. The stadium has hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2018 Commonwealth Games as well as the athletics competitions. The venue would host Cricket for the 2032 Summer Olympics if Cricket is approved by the International Olympic Committee.
2018 Southland Conference softball tournament
The 2018 Southland Conference tournament was held at Joe Miller Field on the campus of McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana, from May 8 through 11, 2018. The tournament winner earned the Southland Conference's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament. The Championship game was broadcast on ESPNU. The remainder of the tournament aired on the Southland Digital Network.

2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 18 through June 6, 2018 as the final part of the 2018 NCAA Division I softball season. Thirty-two teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences, and the remaining 32 were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2018 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City. This was the first year since the 2010 Women's College World Series that neither the Florida Gators nor the Oklahoma Sooners made the Championship Series. The Florida State Seminoles played in their first Women's College World Series Championship Series and became the first ACC team to make the Championship Series. The Washington Huskies made their fourth appearance in the Championship Series.
1992 PBA First Conference finals
The 1992 PBA First Conference finals was the best-of-7 series basketball championship of the 1992 PBA First Conference, and the conclusion of the conference playoffs. Shell Rimula X Zoomers and San Miguel Beermen played for the 51st championship contested by the league.

Shell Rimula X Zoomers won their second PBA title in three years, defeating San Miguel Beermen in their finals series, four games to one.

1992 PBA First Conference
The 1992 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) First Conference was the first Conference of the 1992 PBA season. It started on February 9 and ended on May 5, 1992. The tournament requires a 6'5" and below import for each team.
Mahawai Rural Municipality
Mahawai (Nepali: महावै गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Kalikot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Mahawai rural municipality has an area of 322.07 square kilometres (124.35 sq mi) and the total population of the  rural municipality is 8,323 as of 2011 Nepal census.

Gela, Odanaku and some parts of Chilkhaya which previously were all separate Village development committees merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

The rural municipality is divided into total 7 wards and the headquarters of this newly formed rural municipality is situated at Odanaku.

Gela, Nepal
Gela is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2685 people living in 496 individual households.
2015 Birthday Honours
The 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours were awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 1 June 2015 in New Zealand, on 8 June in Australia, and on 12 June in the United Kingdom, in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour. They are arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades, i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc., and then by divisions, i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
John Wallace (Scottish politician)
Sir John Wallace (1 July 1868 – 12 April 1949) was a Scottish Liberal Party and National Liberal Party politician.

He was elected at the 1918 general election as Coalition Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunfermline Burghs. However, when sought re-election as a National Liberal at the 1922 general election, he lost the seat by only 201 votes to the Labour Party candidate William Watson.

Wallace stood again at the 1923 general election, this time as a Liberal, but Watson increased his majority. He did not stand in the 1924 or in 1929 elections, but contested the seat again at the 1931 general election, this time as a Liberal National. He won the seat with a comfortable majority of 4,616 votes, and held it until his defeat at the 1935 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.

He was knighted in the New Year Honours 1935, for "political and public services". His son, Ian Wallace, achieved fame as an opera and concert singer and broadcaster.

William McLean Watson
William McLean Watson (27 October 1874 – May 1962) became Labour MP for Dunfermline Burghs, Scotland, in 1922. He lost his seat in the National Government landslide of 1931, but won it back in 1935 and retained it until 1950.

Before his career in politics, he was a miner and an official in the Scottish miners' union. He first contested the seat unsuccessfully in 1918.
Fall of Damascus (2024)
On 7 December 2024, the Syrian opposition group known as the Southern Operations Room, in co-ordination with the Military Operations Command, led forces that entered the Rif Dimashq region of Syria from the south, and those forces then came within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the capital Damascus. The Syrian Army withdrew from multiple points in the outskirts. Concurrently with the advance towards Damascus, opposition militia Tahrir al-Sham and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army in the north launched an offensive into Homs, while the Syrian Free Army advanced into the capital from the southeast. By 8 December 2024, rebel forces entered the city's Barzeh neighborhood. According to official state reports in Russian mass media and media footage, President Bashar al-Assad left Damascus by air to Moscow, where he was granted asylum, sealing the fall of his regime.

Muadamiyat al-Sham
Muadamiyat al-Sham (Arabic: المعضمية الشام, romanized: al-Muʿaḍḍamīyah ash-Shām; also spelled Moadamiyet al-Sham, Moadamiya or Moadamiyah) is a town in southern Syria, administratively a part of the Darayya District in the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located approx. 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) southwest of Damascus, within an area called the Western Ghouta.  Nearby localities include the centre of Darayya to the east, Jdeidat Artouz and Sahnaya to the south, and Qudsaya to the north. The town is "famed for its olive orchards".
Novavax
Novavax, Inc., based in Gaithersburg, Maryland, develops vaccines to counter infectious diseases. The company developed the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, now commercialized by Sanofi. The company also develops vaccines for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), avian flu, shingles, Clostridioides difficile, and malaria.

Novavax develops proprietary immune-stimulating saponin-based immunologic adjuvants at a wholly owned Swedish subsidiary, Novavax AB. One of these, Matrix-M, is used in the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Grogol Reformasi (Transjakarta)
Grogol Reformasi is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station on Letnan Jenderal S. Parman Street, Tanjung Duren Utara, Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta, Indonesia, serving Corridors 8 and 9. It is also connected by a paid transfer linkway to Grogol station that serves Corridor 3. It is located near Mall Ciputra, Tarumanagara University, and Trisakti University.

The station is named after the district it is located in, Grogol. The word "Reformasi" (Indonesian for 'Reformation') was added to shorten the previous full name, Grogol 2: 12 Mei Reformasi, a name given on 10 November 2013 to commemorate the Trisakti shootings in 1998 that triggered the Fall of New Order and a transition to a new chapter of history of Indonesia.

Tarumanagara University
Tarumanagara University (Indonesian: Universitas Tarumanagara, abbreviated as UNTAR) is a private university in Jakarta, Indonesia and one of the oldest private universities in the country. In 2017 UNTAR received an accreditation A (meaning Excellent) from the Government's National Accreditation Board (BAN-PT). It has 4 campuses, where Campus I (main campus) and Campus II are located in the metropolitan area of West Jakarta, and Campus III in South Jakarta. A future Campus IV of 130 hectares, currently under construction, is in Karawaci (a satellite town some 25 kilometers from West Jakarta), and will become an integrated campus called Tarumanagara City. Currently UNTAR is led by Rector Prof. Dr. Amad Sudiro, S.H., M.H., M.M., M.Kn., and Vice-Rector Assoc Prof. Sri Tiatri, S.Psi., M.Si., Ph.D., Psikolog
Gabensis
Gabensis is a village in Wampar Rural LLG, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It lies to the north-west of Lae, 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) from Oomsis. In 1999 it had a population of about 1700 people. There is a stream flowing in the vicinity of the same name, Gabensis Creek.

Lae
Lae (/ˈlɑːeɪ, ˈleɪi/, German: Preußen-Reede, later Lehe) is the capital of Morobe Province and is the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea. It is located near the delta of the Markham River on the northern coast of Huon Gulf. It is at the start of the Highlands Highway, which is the main land transport corridor between the Highlands Region and the coast. Lae is the largest cargo port of the country and is the industrial hub of Papua New Guinea. The city is known as the Garden City and home of the Papua New Guinea University of Technology.
Medicine in the American Civil War
The state of medical knowledge at the time of the Civil War was quite limited by 21st century standards. Doctors did not understand germs and did little to prevent infection. It was a time before antiseptics, and a time when there was no attempt to maintain sterility during surgery. No antibiotics were available, and minor wounds could easily become infected, and hence fatal. While the typical soldier was at risk of being hit by rifle or artillery fire, he faced an even greater risk of dying from disease.

U.S. Ambulance Corps
The U.S. Ambulance Corps was a unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The Ambulance Corps was initially formed as a unit only within the Army of the Potomac, due to the effort of several Army officials, notably Dr. Jonathan Letterman, medical director of the Army of the Potomac, and William Hammond, the U.S. Surgeon-General. Until August 1862, the lack of trained ambulance drivers meant that the wounded had to wait a long time to receive medical care. This changed during the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 when his new system allowed the wounded men to be transferred quickly and prevent fewer deaths.
Pyasochnaye
Pyasochnaye (Belarusian: Пясочнае, romanized: Piasočnaje; Russian: Песочное, romanized: Pesochnoye) is an agrotown in Kapyl District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is administratively part of Babownya selsoviet; it was previously part of Slabada-Kuchynka selsoviet. It is situated 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Kapyl and 93 kilometres (58 mi) from the capital Minsk. In 2001, it had a population of 620.

Kapyl district
Kapyl district or Kapyĺ district (Belarusian: Капыльскі раён; Russian: Копыльский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Kapyl. As of 2024, it has a population of 26,533.
Edmundo Bossio
Edmundo Bossio Dioko (22 November 1922 – 21 February 1975) was an Equatoguinean farmer and politician, first Vice President of Equatorial Guinea after the independence of the country. He was characterized by the defense of the interests of the Bubi sociocultural group.

Bioko
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; Spanish: [biˈoko] ⓘ; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri; historically known as Fernando Pó, European Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃.dʊ ˈpɔ]) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi), making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
Ivan Romanovich Alekseev
Ivan Romanovich Alekseev (Russian: Алексеев Иван Романович; born 1918 in the USSR – 1990 in Omsk, Russia) was a Soviet official of the internal affairs bodies, Major General of Police, and the head of the Omsk Oblast Department of Internal Affairs from 1973 to 1984. He was one of the organizers of the systemic strengthening of the personnel and material base of the regional department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II. After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Government applied the term "Great Patriotic War" to the war.
1997 Bayern Rundfahrt
The 1997 Bayern Rundfahrt was the 18th edition of the Bayern Rundfahrt cycle race and was held on 27 May to 1 June 1997. The race started in Marktoberdorf and finished in Pfarrkirchen. The race was won by Christian Henn.

Bayern Rundfahrt
The International Bayern Rundfahrt (English: Tour of Bavaria) was a stage race cycling race held each year in Bavaria, Germany, between 1980 and 2015. The race was held as an amateur race between 1980 and 1988, and from 2005 to 2015, the race was organised as a 2.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. In December 2015, the organisers cancelled the 2016 event due to a budget shortfall, and the race has not been held since.
James Sands
James Hoban Sands (born July 6, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a center-back or defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club FC St. Pauli, on loan from Major League Soccer side New York City FC, and United States national team. He became NYCFC's first homegrown player in July 2017.

United States men's national under-17 soccer team
The United States U-17 men's national soccer team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation. The highest level of competition in which the team may compete is in the FIFA U-17 World Cup, which is held every two years.
Vesela, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Vesela (Ukrainian: Весела) is a village in the Kremenets urban hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Kremenets Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets urban hromada
Kremenets urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кременецька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Kremenetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada located in Kremenets Raion, in the western Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kremenets.

The hromada has a size of 522.9 km2 (201.9 mi2), and a population of 42,064 (As of 2023).
Ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat
There have been 309 ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat since the establishment of the Parliament of Malaysia. As of 2018, there are 48 representatives, or 21.62% of the body.

Ethnic Chinese together with Malays, Indians and other ethnics in Malaysia have had the right to both vote and sit in parliament since 1959 and all states and territories have been represented by an ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat. Although ethnic Chinese make up near a quarter of the population, ethnic Chinese are mainly concentrated in urban areas and the parliamentary seat rate is relatively low comparing to other ethnics.

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
Obsidian Ridge
Obsidian Ridge is a volcanic mountain ridge in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, located on the south side of Artifact Creek at the southeast end of Mount Edziza Provincial Park. It was named on January 2, 1980 by the Geological Survey of Canada for its high quality obsidian. Because of its high obsidian content, it was a source for tool making by the local Tahltan people.

Obsidian
Obsidian (/əbˈsɪdi.ən, ɒb-/ əb-SID-ee-ən ob-) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Produced from felsic lava, obsidian is rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. These flows have a high content of silica, giving them a high viscosity. The high viscosity inhibits the diffusion of atoms through the lava, which inhibits the first step (nucleation) in the formation of mineral crystals. Together with rapid cooling, this results in a natural glass forming from the lava.

Obsidian is hard, brittle, and amorphous; it therefore fractures with sharp edges. In the past, it was used to manufacture cutting and piercing tools, and it has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades.
2025 Open Aix Provence
The 2025 Open Aix Provence (also known as the Open Aix Provence Crédit Agricole for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the twelfth edition of the tournament and an ATP Challenger Tour 175 event on the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aix-en-Provence, France between 29 April and 4 May 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Allendale railway station
Allendale railway station  was the terminus of the single track branch of the Hexham and Allendale Railway, in north east England. The line connected villages in the area to the railway network via a junction at Hexham.

Hexham railway station
Hexham is a railway station on the Tyne Valley Line, which runs between Newcastle and Carlisle. The station serves the market town of Hexham, in Northumberland, England; it is situated 22 miles 22 chains (22.3 mi; 35.8 km) west of Newcastle. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains, which also operates all services.
Hannah England
Hannah England (born 6 March 1987) is a British middle-distance running athlete who specialised in the 800 metres, 1500 metres and mile run. At 1500 m, she is the 2011 World Championship silver medallist and finished fourth at the 2013 World Championships. She also competed at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. England is one of only five British women in history (as of 2019) to have run under two minutes for 800 m and nine minutes for 3000 m, the others being Christina Boxer, Kirsty Wade, Jessica Judd and Laura Muir. She announced her retirement from athletics on 14 January 2020.

NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship
The NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for women organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field.

NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships

NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships

NCAA Division III Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships

A separate NCAA men's competition is also held.
2010 European Wushu Championships
The 2010 European Wushu Championships was the 13th edition of the European Wushu Championships. It was held at Dilek Sabancı Sport Hall in Antalya, Turkey between March 6–13, 2010. A total of 394 athletes from 28 countries participated at the championships.

European Wushu Championships
The European Wushu Championships is a wushu competition organized by the European Wushu Federation, an official continental federation of the International Wushu Federation. The first championships were held in Brussels, Belgium in May 1986, with 70 athletes from eight participating member countries.