hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imilla Apachita
Imilla Apachita (Aymara mimilla, imilla girl, apachita the place of transit of an important pass in the principal routes of the Andes; name in the Andes for a stone cairn, a little pile of rocks built along the trail in the high mountains, also spelled Imilla Apacheta) is a 5,184-metre-high (17,008 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality. Imilla Apachita lies between the mountains Huayna Potosí in the northeast and Wila Kunka Pata in the southwest.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Arrondissements of the Haute-Loire department
The 3 arrondissements of the Haute-Loire department are:

Arrondissement of Brioude, (subprefecture: Brioude) with 111 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 44,829 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay, (prefecture of the Haute-Loire department: Le Puy-en-Velay) with 102 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 96,495 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Yssingeaux, (subprefecture: Yssingeaux) with 44 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 85,960 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Brioude
The Arrondissement of Brioude is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 111 communes. Its population is 44,829 (2021), and its area is 1,886.8 km2 (728.5 sq mi).
Paularo
Paularo (Friulian: Paulâr) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Udine, on the border with Austria.

Paularo borders the following municipalities: Arta Terme, Dellach im Gailtal (Austria), Hermagor-Pressegger See (Austria), Kirchbach (Austria), Kötschach-Mauthen (Austria), Moggio Udinese, Paluzza, Treppo Ligosullo.

Arta Terme
Arta Terme (Friulian: Darte) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Udine in the Val Bût, part of the Alpine traditional region of Carnia.
Tsing Yi Municipal Services Building
22°21′15″N 114°06′23″E﻿ / ﻿22.35416°N 114.10651°E﻿ / 22.35416; 114.10651

Tsing Yi Municipal Services Building, also known as Tsing Yi Complex, formerly  Tsing Yi Regional Council Complex, is a multi-purpose municipal building for the Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. It was built by the former Regional Council. The building hosts Tsing Yi Public Library, Tsing Yi Indoor Recreation Centre, Tsing Yi Market, and offices for Hong Kong Government.

Tsing Yi
Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island, is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon, Mun Tsai Tong, and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns.

The island is generally zoned into four quarters: the northeast quarter is a residential area, the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town, the southwest holds heavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance.
Kocamustafapaşa railway station
Kocamustafapaşa station is a railway station on the Sirkeci-Kazlıçeşme Line. The station is located in the Samatya neighborhood of Istanbul's Fatih district. Kocamustafapaşa was closed in 2013 due to the closure of the whole B1 line, after the opening of the new Marmaray line. The station was renovated and reopened as part of the T6 line that was inaugurated in February 2024.

Marmaray
Marmaray (pronounced [ˈmaɾmaɾaj] ⓘ) is a 76.6-kilometre-long (47.6 mi) commuter rail line located in Istanbul, Turkey. The line runs from Halkalı, on the European side, to Gebze, on the Asian side, along the north shore of the Sea of Marmara. Mostly using the right-of-way of two existing commuter rail lines, the Marmaray line linked the two lines via a tunnel under the Bosporus strait, becoming the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia (all prior connections ran through Russia and used the incompatible Russian broad gauge). The two existing sections of the line were rebuilt and expanded from two tracks to three tracks, to allow for higher capacity with intercity and freight rail. The name Marmaray is a portmanteau of the words Marmara and Ray, which is Turkish for rail.
Salesian College, Farnborough
Salesian College is an independent Roman Catholic school in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. Founded in 1901 as a small preparatory school for boys, it soon expanded to provide secondary education owing to its increasing popularity. In November 2022, the school had a total of 634 pupils enrolled, 129 in the Sixth Form. For the 2007–08 academic year, the College announced that it would admit girls into the Sixth Form for the first time.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
2015 Tour de Luxembourg
The 2015 Tour de Luxembourg was the 75th edition of the Tour de Luxembourg cycle stage race. It was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour as a 2.HC event, and was won by Germany's Linus Gerdemann, riding for the Cult Energy Pro Cycling team.

2015 UCI Europe Tour
The 2015 UCI Europe Tour was the eleventh season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2015 season began on 29 January 2015 with the Trofeo Santanyí-Ses Salines-Campos and ended on 25 October 2015 with the Tour of Aegean.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. Tom Van Asbroeck of Belgium is the defending champion of the 2014 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Oregon Bill of 1848
The Oregon Bill of 1848, officially titled when approved, "An Act to Establish the Territorial Government of Oregon," was an act of Congress to turn Oregon into an official U.S. Territory. The bill was passed on August 14, 1848. It was enacted by the 30th United States Congress, and signed by President James K. Polk. The bill came into question several years after the Oregon Treaty. For two years following that treaty, the United States paid little attention to it until news of the Whitman massacre reached Congress. This provided the impetus to formally establish the Territorial Government of Oregon. The Act created a territory that encompassed present-day Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; as well as parts of Montana and Wyoming.

The original version of the bill, with an amendment to prohibit slavery, was approved by the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 140–59 on February 3, 1845.

30th United States Congress
The 30th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1847, to March 4, 1849, during the last two years of the administration of President James K. Polk. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1840 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Whig majority. It was the only Congress in which Abraham Lincoln served.
Thulium(III) selenate
Thulium(III) selenate is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula Tm2(SeO4)3. It can be obtained by reacting a thulium(III) oxide and selenic acid solution and crystallizing it. It crystallises with ammonium selenate in an aqueous solution to obtain NH4Tm(SeO4)2·3H2O.

Thulium(III) selenate decomposes at high temperatures and passes through Tm2(SeO3)3 to finally obtain the oxide Tm2O3.

Thulium(III) oxide
Thulium(III) oxide is a pale green crystalline compound, with the formula Tm2O3. It was first isolated in 1879, from an impure sample of erbia, by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve, who named it thulia.
Pon. Raja
Pon. Raja is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Ponneri constituency, which is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by P. Balaraman.

14th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies, in the 2011 state assembly election. J. Jayalalithaa became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time.
WLZR
WLZR (1560 AM) was a commercial radio station, licensed to Melbourne, Florida, and serving the Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa area of the Space Coast. It was owned by Cumulus Media and broadcast a sports radio format.  Most of the programming came from the Infinity Sports Network. It operated from 1968 to 2025.

By day, WLZR was powered at 5,000 watts, non-directional.  Because 1560 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for WFME in New York City, WLZR was a daytimer.  It went off the air at sunset to avoid interference with older, higher power stations.

Melbourne, Florida
Melbourne (MEL-burn) is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is located 72 miles (116 km) southeast of Orlando along Florida's Space Coast, so named because of the region's proximity to Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center. The city had an estimated population of 87,561 as of July 1, 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville metropolitan statistical area. Downtown Melbourne and most of the city lie inland of the Indian River Lagoon, with a small part extending over to the barrier island.
2016 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 2016 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, sponsored by Rolex and hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia in Sydney, New South Wales, was the 72nd annual running of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. It began on Sydney Harbour at 1pm on Boxing Day (26 December 2016), before heading south for 628 nautical miles (1,163 km) through the Tasman Sea, Bass Strait, Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania. 88 vessels started.

Line honours were claimed by Perpetual Loyal, which broke Wild Oats XI 2012 race record, to finish in a time of 1 day, 13 hours, 31 minutes and 20 seconds. Giacomo (Jim Delegat) earned the Tattersall's Cup.

Cruising Yacht Club of Australia
The Cruising Yacht Club of Australia (CYCA) was established in 1944 and soon afterwards established a clubhouse in Darling Point, inner-east Sydney. The club is known as one of Australia's premier yacht clubs, and is acknowledged as one of the leaders in ocean racing in the world. The club hosts the annual Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race.

In 2024, the CYCA celebrated the 80th anniversary of the club and will be running the 80th Sydney Hobart Yacht Race in December 2025.

In October 2018, the Club finished a major makeover to its Darling Point premises, with the clubhouse fully renovated.
Jewish Cemetery, Oświęcim
The Jewish cemetery in Oświęcim (German: Auschwitz), Poland, was destroyed by the Germans during World War II and partly restored by returning Jewish survivors after the Holocaust. In Communist Poland it fell into disrepair and was fully restored in the 1990s.

Matzevah
A masseba or matzeva (Biblical Hebrew: מַצֵּבָה, romanized: maṣṣēḇā, lit. 'pillar, stele, baetyl',, plural maṣṣēḇoṯ) is a term used in the  Hebrew Bible for a baetyl, a type of sacred column or standing stone. In the Septuagint, it is translated as Koine Greek: στήλη, romanized: stēlē.

Archaeologists have adopted the term for these stones in Canaan and the pre-Islamic Arab state of the Nabataean Kingdom. Massevot can also mark graves.
Arthur B. B. Moore
Arthur Bruce Barbour Moore OC (February 4, 1906 – September 9, 2004) was an ordained minister of the United Church of Canada who served as president and Vice-Chancellor of Victoria University in the University of Toronto, Chancellor of the University of Toronto, and as the 24th Moderator of the United Church of Canada.

Moderator of the United Church of Canada
The Moderator of the United Church of Canada is the most senior elected official within the United Church of Canada. He or she may be a lay person or a member of the Order of Ministry and is elected to a three-year term by commissioners attending the church's triannual General Council. The current Moderator is Rev. Dr. Kimberly Heath, who was elected to the office at the 45th General Council in August 2025 and installed on August 11.
Outline of South Africa
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to South Africa:

South Africa – A sovereign country located at the southern tip of Africa.  Its coast stretches 2,798 kilometres and borders both the Atlantic and Indian oceans. To the north of South Africa lie Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), while the Kingdom of Lesotho is an independent enclave surrounded by South African territory.

Military history of South Africa
The military history of South Africa chronicles a vast time period and complex events from the dawn of history until the present time. It covers civil wars and wars of aggression and of self-defense both within South Africa and against it. It includes the history of battles fought in the territories of modern South Africa in neighbouring territories, in both world wars and in modern international conflicts.
Lysefjorden (Vestland)
Lysefjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) long fjord lies along the border of Bergen Municipality and Bjørnafjorden Municipality. The island of Lysøya which is the site of the Ole Bull Museum Lysøen is located in the fjord. The villages of Nordvik (in Bergen Municipality) and Søvik (in Bjørnafjorden Municipality) are both located at the inner part of the fjord. The Lysefjorden flows west and joins the Bjørnafjorden and Krossfjorden. The fjord is named after the old Lyse Abbey which is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the fjord's shoreline.

Lyse Abbey
Lyse Abbey or Saint Mary's Abbey, Lyse (Norwegian: Lyse kloster, Lyse Mariakloster)  is a now-ruined Cistercian monastery in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county in south-western Norway.  The name "Lyse" is derived from  Lysefjorden  near which the building stood.  The abbey lies at the southern base of the Lyshornet mountain.
Battle of Vrigne-Meuse
The Battle of Vrigne-Meuse was an attack led by the French infantry against German positions, between 9 and 11 November 1918 in the Ardennes. It was one of the last battles of the First World War, as it took place during the armistice negotiations in November 1918 Over 90 French soldiers were killed in the battle. Around 200 were injured.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Pawłowice, Pińczów County
Pawłowice [pavwɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałów, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north of Michałów, 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Pińczów, and 44 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Michałów, Pińczów County
Michałów [miˈxawuf] is a village in Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Michałów. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Pińczów and 45 km (28 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Michałów State Stud is the largest Arabian horse farm in Poland.
United Methodist Free Churches
United Methodist Free Churches, sometimes called Free Methodists, was an English Nonconformist denomination in the last half of the 19th century. It was formed in 1857 by the amalgamation of the Wesleyan Association (which had in 1836 largely absorbed the Protestant Methodists of 1828) and the Wesleyan Reformers (dating from 1849, when a number of Methodist ministers were expelled from the Wesleyan Methodist Church on a charge of insubordination).

It merged  with the Bible Christian Church and the Methodist New Connexion to form the United Methodist Church in 1907.

The United Methodist Free Churches had sent missionaries and established congregations in various colonies of Australia. These joined with four other Methodist denominations to unite as the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902.

Protestant Methodists
The Protestant Methodists were a small Methodist church based in Leeds. They left the Methodist conference in 1827 in protest at the installation of an organ in Brunswick Chapel in Leeds. This grew into a wider dispute around the style of government of the conference, though it continued to be known as the Leeds Organ Dispute. The Protestant Methodists constituted themselves as a separate body in 1828.

In 1836, the group joined the Wesleyan Association, by which time they consisted of several thousand members, mostly in Leeds. Through subsequent mergers, the Wesleyan Association became part of the United Methodist Church in 1907 and in 1932 became part of the Methodist Church of Great Britain.
Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd
Aerotel v Telco and Macrossan's Application is a judgment by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The judgment was passed down on 27 October 2006 and relates to two different appeals from decisions of the High Court. The first case involved GB 2171877  granted to Aerotel Ltd and their infringement action against Telco Holdings Ltd and others. The second case concerned GB application 2388937  filed by Neal Macrossan but refused by the UK Patent Office (now operating as the UK Intellectual Property Office).

The reasoning in the judgment forms the basis for the current practice of the UK Intellectual Property Office, when assessing whether patent applications are for patentable subject matter.

The approach applied in the judgment has been criticized by a Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) as being "irreconcilable with the European Patent Convention".

Business method patent
Business method patents are a class of patents which disclose and claim new methods of doing business.  This includes new types of e-commerce, insurance, banking and tax compliance etc. Business method patents are a relatively new species of patent and there have been several reviews investigating the appropriateness of patenting business methods. Nonetheless, they have become important assets for both independent inventors and major corporations.
Thomas Magee
Thomas Perceval Magee (1797–1857) was an Anglican Archdeacon in Ireland in the late nineteenth century: in 1831 Daniel O'Connell stated in the British House of Houses that he held 11 livings.

Magee was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was a Prebendary of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin and Archdeacon of Kilmacduagh from 1830 until his death on 16 December 1857.

His nephew was Archbishop of York for a short period in 1891.

Archdeacon of Kilmacduagh
The Archdeacon of Kilmacduagh was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Kilmacduagh in County Galway, Ireland until 1625; the Diocese of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh until 1834 when it became an office within the Diocese of Killaloe and Clonfert. The Archdeaconry can trace its history from Florence M'Anoglaigh who held office during 1333 through to the last discrete incumbent Edward Rush who died in 1891.
Salman Raduyev
Salman Betyrovich Raduyev (or Raduev; Russian: Салма́н Бетырович Раду́ев; 13 February 1967 – 14 December 2002) was a Chechen militant and separatist field commander, from 1994 to 1999, who masterminded and was responsible for the Kizlyar hostage taking raid. His activities, in his role as a commander, made him "Russia's second most wanted man."

Georgi Derluguian also called him "the enfant terrible" of Chechen resistance due to his eccentric behavior outside his military career: he wore a uniform decorated by what he claimed to be the insignia of Genghis Khan, a black military beret like that of Saddam Hussein, an Arab keffiyeh around his neck and aviator sunglasses to hide his face which had been heavily reconstructed after multiple surgeries due to the injuries he sustained as a militant.

Radyev was arrested in 2000 and died in the Russian penal colony White Swan in 2002, under mysterious circumstances.

Oyskhara
43°15′50″N 46°14′53″E﻿ / ﻿43.26389°N 46.24806°E﻿ / 43.26389; 46.24806

Oyskhara (Russian: Ойсхара; Chechen: Ойсунгур, Oysungur, or Ойсхар, Oysxar) is a rural locality (a selo) in Gudermessky District of the Chechen Republic, Russia. Population: 9,489 (2010 census); 12,767 (2002 census). This locality is located at latitude 43° 15' 50" N and longitude 46° 14' 52" E.

Until 1989, it was called Novogroznensky (Russian: Новогрозненский).

It was the site of fighting between Chechen Rebels and Russian soldiers in the First Chechen War.
Ancistrus patronus
Ancistrus patronus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Orinoco basin in Venezuela and Colombia. The species reaches at least 8.7 cm (3.4 in) SL and was described in 2019 by Lesley S. de Souza of the Field Museum of Natural History, Donald C. Taphorn of the Royal Ontario Museum, and Jonathan Armbruster of Auburn University alongside five other species of Ancistrus. Its specific name means "defender" in Latin and was given to the species due to the reported tendency of male A. patronus to actively guard their nests and protect their young until they are relatively large.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.