hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Misumessus
Misumessus is a genus of North American and Caribbean crab spiders first described by Nathan Banks in 1904. They look similar to members of Misumena, but are much spinier. It was considered a monotypic genus until 2017, but its taxonomic standing has been debated throughout the 20th century, first as a synonym of Misumenops, then later as its subgenus. It was raised to genus status in 2008, but has still been confused with similar genera, some of which were only known by character descriptions made by Eugène Simon nearly fifty years earlier.

Thomisidae
The Thomisidae are a family of spiders, including about 170 genera and over 2,100 species. The common name crab spider is often linked to species in this family, but may also be used for spiders from other families. Many members of this family are also known as flower spiders or flower crab spiders.
Cultural criminology
Cultural criminology is a subfield in the study of crime that focuses on the ways in which the "dynamics of meaning underpin every process in criminal justice, including the definition of crime itself.": 6  In other words, cultural criminology seeks to understand crime through the context of culture and cultural processes. Rather than representing a conclusive paradigm per se, this particular form of criminological analysis interweaves a broad range of perspectives that share a sensitivity to “image, meaning, and representation” to evaluate the convergence of cultural and criminal processes.: 395

As opposed to other theories, cultural criminology views crime in the context of an offenders culture as a motive to commit crime. The theory gives motives to a crime, whereas other theories, such as rational choice theory, explain what was gained.

Meaning (semiotics)
In semiotics, the study of sign processes (semiosis), the meaning of a sign is its place in a sign relation, in other words, the set of roles that the sign occupies within a given sign relation.

This statement holds whether sign is taken to mean a sign type or a sign token.  Defined in these global terms, the meaning of a sign is not in general analyzable with full exactness into completely localized terms, but aspects of its meaning can be given approximate analyses, and special cases of sign relations frequently admit of more local analyses.
Bugged (album)
Bugged is the third studio album by rock band Babybird released in 2000. It was also the last album the band released on the Echo Records label before being dropped. The band subsequently split but re-united once again in 2006 for their fourth studio album Between My Ears There Is Nothing But Music.

The album features the single "The F-Word" which was later used as the theme tune for Gordon Ramsay's television series of the same name.

The song "Getaway" was also used in an episode of Trigger Happy TV.

Between My Ears There Is Nothing But Music
Between My Ears There Is Nothing But Music is the fourth studio album by rock band Babybird released in 2006. It was the first album that they recorded after leaving Echo Records in 2000. It was released by Babybird Records.
Syops
Syops is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid. The type species S. vanhoepeni was first named in 1938 as Dicynodon vanhoepeni. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone in the Usili Formation of the Ruhuhu Basin, Tanzania and the Upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation of the Luangwa Basin, Zambia. Its phylogenetic placement is somewhat uncertain, with multiple different studies finding it as either a basal geikiid, rhachiocephalid a dicynodontoid more derived than the most basal genera but less derived than Lystrosauridae, or a lystrosaurid.

Dicynodontoidea
Dicynodontoidea is an infraorder of dicynodont therapsids that includes the famous dicynodont Dicynodon, Lystrosaurus and the Triassic Kannemeyeriiformes, as well as numerous other closely related species. The name was coined by American paleontologist Everett C. Olson in 1941 as an infraorder, despite using the typical "-oidea" suffix of superfamilies, and was later redefined under a phylogenetic context in 2009 by paleontologist Christian F. Kammerer.
Jühnde
Jühnde (German pronunciation: [ˈjyːndə]) is a municipality in the south of the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Recently, the village has come to be known as the first so-called "bio energy village" in Germany. Since autumn 2005, the heat and electricity supplies for the village have been entirely harnessed from waste products collected from the surrounding fields, by feeding them into a one-of-a-kind biogas plant.

Göttingen (district)
Göttingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a district (German: Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Northeim and Goslar, and by the states of Thuringia (district of Eichsfeld) and Hesse (districts of Werra-Meißner and Kassel, and the district-free city of Kassel). The capital is the university city of Göttingen.
Haji Baba Sheikh
Haji Baba Sheikh (Kurdish: Hacî Baba Şêx – Bukan) was the Kurdish prime minister of the Republic of Mahabad. After the republic was conquered by the Imperial Iranian Army in 1947, unlike Qazi Muhammad, he was not executed. He was immune because of his religious standing. The journalist and lyric Hemin Mukriyani was his secretary during the republic.

Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad, also referred to as the Republic of Kurdistan (Kurdish: کۆماری کوردستان, romanized: Komarî Kurdistan; Persian: جمهوری مهاباد, romanized: Jomhuriye Mahâbâd), was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 15 December 1946. The Republic of Mahabad, a puppet state of the Soviet Union, arose in northwestern Iran alongside the Azerbaijan People's Government, a similarly short-lived and unrecognized Soviet puppet state.

The state encompassed a small territory, including Mahabad, the capital of the short-lived republic, and the adjacent cities of Bukan, Oshnavieh, Piranshahr and Naghadeh. The republic also claimed three cities—Urmia, Khoy and Salmas—held by the Azerbaijan People's Government.
Macroprudential regulation
Macroprudential regulation is the approach to financial regulation that aims to mitigate risk to the financial system as a whole (or "systemic risk"). After the 2008 financial crisis, there has been a growing consensus among policymakers and economic researchers about the need to re-orient the regulatory framework towards a macroprudential perspective.

Financial Stability Oversight Council
The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a United States federal government organization, established by Title I of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010. The Office of Financial Research is intended to provide support to the council.

The Dodd-Frank Act provides the Council with broad authorities to identify and monitor excessive risks to the U.S. financial system arising from the distress or failure of large, interconnected bank holding companies or non-bank financial companies, or from risks that could arise outside the financial system; to eliminate expectations that any American financial firm is "too big to fail"; and to respond to emerging threats to U.S. financial stability.
History of the Uyghur people
The history of the Uyghur people extends over more than two millennia and can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.

In brief, Uyghur history is the story of a small nomadic tribe from the Altai Mountains competing with rival powers in Central Asia, including other Altaic tribes, Indo-European empires from the south and west, and Sino-Tibetan empires to the east. After the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in AD 840, ancient Uyghurs resettled from Mongolia to the Tarim Basin and northern parts of China. Ultimately, the Uyghurs became civil servants administering the Mongol Empire.

Hami
Hami (Chinese: 哈密; pinyin: Hāmì), or Kumul (Uyghur: قۇمۇل, romanized: Qumul), is a prefecture-level city in eastern Xinjiang, China. It is well known for sweet Hami melons. In early 2016, the former Hami county-level city merged with Hami Prefecture to form the Hami prefecture-level city with the county-level city becoming Yizhou District. Since the Han dynasty, Hami has been known for its production of agricultural products and raw resources.
Tahitian Dog
The Tahitian Dog (Tahitian: ʻŪrī Mā’ohi, translated as 'native dog') is an extinct breed of dog from Tahiti and the Society Islands. Similar to other strains of Polynesian dogs, it was introduced to the Society Islands and Tahiti by the ancestors of the Tahitian (Mā’ohi) people during their migrations to Polynesia.

They were an essential part of traditional Tahitian society; their meat was included in Tahitian cuisine and other parts of the dog were used to make tools and ornamental clothing. Dogs were fed a vegetarian diet and served during feasts as a delicacy. European explorers were the first outsiders to observe and record their existence, and they were served to early explorers including Captain James Cook. The Tahitian Dog disappeared as a distinct breed after the introduction of foreign European dogs.

Society Islands
The Society Islands are an archipelago in Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. Politically, the islands are part of French Polynesia, an semi-autonomous part of France. The largest and most populous island is Tahiti. Other major islands are Moʻorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine.
Fidelis von Stotzingen
Fidelis von Stotzingen (1 May 1871 – 9 January 1947) was a German Benedictine monk from Beuron Archabbey, the second Abbot of Maria Laach Abbey, and the second Abbot Primate of the Benedictine Confederation.

Abbot Primate
The Abbot Primate of the Order of St. Benedict serves as the elected representative of the Benedictine Confederation of monasteries in the Catholic Church. While normally possessing no authority over individual autonomous monasteries or congregations, he does serve as a liaison to the Vatican on behalf of the Benedictines, promotes unity among Benedictine monasteries and congregations, and represents Benedictines at religious gatherings throughout the world. He resides in Rome, Italy, at the Abbey of Sant'Anselmo all'Aventino which serves, because he is Abbot Primate, as the "Primatial Abbey of Sant'Anselmo." He appoints a Rector to oversee the College of Sant'Anselmo, serves as the "Grand Chancellor" of the Pontificio Ateneo Sant'Anselmo, and appoints a Rector to oversee the Church of Sant'Anselmo.
Sh 2-5
Sh 2-5 is an emission nebula in the constellation Scorpius. It is part of the Sharpless Catalog assembled by Stewart Sharpless. It is contained within the much larger War and Peace Nebula, listed in the Sharpless catalog as Sh 2-11, and Sh 2-5 itself contains NGC 6337.

Like the nearby Sh 2-4, Sh 2-5 is probably ionized by the nearby star cluster Havlen-Moffat 1. However, it is also possible that ionization may be caused by nearer stars in the Sagittarius Arm.

HM 1
HM 1, also known as Havlen-Moffat 1, is an open cluster located in the constellation of Scorpius, close to the galactic plane. It was first observed by R. J. Havlen and A. F. J. Moffat in 1976. HM 1 is thought to be 9,500 to 12,700 light-years (2,900 to 3,900 parsecs) away from the Earth, beyond the Carina–Sagittarius Arm. It is heavily reddened by interstellar extinction, so although it comprises mostly blue-colored stars, it appears brighter for longer-wavelength passbands. It is projected against the H II region known as RCW 121, and appears to be the source of ionization for the nearby regions RCW 122 and RCW 123.
Aberfeldy, Free State
Aberfeldy is a small settlement located inside triangle of Phuthaditjhaba, Kestell and Harrismith surrounded by agricultural land and game farms.

The farm Aberfeldy in the Orange Free State had a post office known as Elandsrivierbrug; when the railway reached the farm in 1902 the new Orange River Colony administration preferred "Aberfeldy", Scottish in origin, to the previous Afrikaans name. By 1905 the post office name was Anglicised into Elands River Bridge.

Kestell
Kestell is a small maize farming town in the Free State province of South Africa.

Town 46 km west of Harrismith and 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Bethlehem. The new village was laid out in 1905 on the farms Mooifontein and Driekuil, acquired from Adriaan and Johannes Bezuidenhout. It became a municipality in 1906.
Greatest Hits Collection, Vol. 1
Greatest Hits Collection, Vol. 1 is the first compilation album by American country music singer Trace Adkins. It was released on July 8, 2003 and features the greatest hits from his first four studio albums (1996's Dreamin' Out Loud, 1997's Big Time, 1999's More..., and 2001's Chrome). Also included on this compilation are the previously unreleased tracks "Then They Do" and "Welcome to Hell". The former was released as a single in 2003, reaching the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.

Dreamin' Out Loud
Dreamin' Out Loud is the debut studio album of American country music artist Trace Adkins. The album was released in 1996, and it features the singles "There's a Girl in Texas", "Every Light in the House", "(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing" and "I Left Something Turned On at Home", which peaked at No. 20, No. 3, No. 1, and No. 2, respectively. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for U.S. shipments of one million copies.
Elizabeth Randall
Elizabeth Randall (born 1954), is an American Republican Party politician who served as a Commissioner of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities and served on the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 2003 to 2007. She previously served as county counsel under the administration of former Bergen County Executive William "Pat" Schuber, where she oversaw efforts including the downsizing of county government and the preservation of thousands of acres of open space. Prior to serving in county government, Randall was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1985 and served there until 1992, representing the 39th Legislative District.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
Cyclic vector
In the mathematics of operator theory, an operator A on an (infinite-dimensional) Banach space or Hilbert space H has a cyclic vector f if the vectors f, Af, A2f,... span H. Equivalently, f is a cyclic vector for A in case the set of all vectors of the form p(A)f, where p varies over all polynomials, is dense in H.

Linear span
In mathematics, the linear span (also called the linear hull or just span) of a set  of elements of a vector space  is the smallest linear subspace of  that contains  It is the set of all finite linear combinations of the elements of S, and the intersection of all linear subspaces that contain  It is often denoted span(S) or

For example, in geometry, two linearly independent vectors span a plane.

To express that a vector space V is a linear span of a subset S, one commonly uses one of the following phrases: S spans V; S is a spanning set of V; V is spanned or generated by S;  S is a generator set or a generating set of V.

Spans can be generalized to many mathematical structures, in which case, the smallest substructure containing  is generally called the substructure generated by
1913 All-America college football team
The 1913 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1913 college football season. The only two selectors who have been recognized as "official" selectors by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for the 1913 season are Walter Camp and the International News Service (INS). Camp's All-America Team was published in Collier's Weekly. The INS was founded in 1909 by William Randolph Hearst, and its sports editor Frank G. Menke selected the INS All-America team. Other sports writers, newspapers, coaches selecting All-America teams in 1913 included Harper's Weekly, Fielding H. Yost, and Parke H. Davis.

International News Service
The International News Service (INS) was a U.S.-based news agency (newswire) founded by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909.

The INS consistently ranked as the third-largest news agency in the U.S., trailing behind its major competitors, the Associated Press and United Press. Despite notable achievements and considerable investments, the INS never managed to surpass its rivals. At its peak, the INS served 19 percent of American daily newspapers (1948). In May 1958 it merged with rival United Press to become United Press International.
Arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department
The 5 arrondissements of the Puy-de-Dôme department are:

Arrondissement of Ambert, (subprefecture: Ambert) with 58 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 27,571 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand, (prefecture of the Puy-de-Dôme department: Clermont-Ferrand) with 74 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 362,578 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Issoire, (subprefecture: Issoire) with 134 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 78,742 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Riom, (subprefecture: Riom) with 155 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 137,149 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Thiers, (subprefecture: Thiers) with 44 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 56,245 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Ambert
The arrondissement of Ambert is an arrondissement of France in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 58 communes. Its population is 27,571 (2021), and its area is 1,229.8 km2 (474.8 sq mi).
Hanzhong Road station
Hanzhong Road (Chinese: 汉中路; pinyin: Hànzhōng Lù) is the name of an interchange station between Line 1, Line 12, and Line 13 of the Shanghai Metro, located in Jing'an District north of Suzhou Creek within the inner ring-road of Shanghai. It opened on 10 April 1995 as part of the section between Jinjiang Park and Shanghai Railway Station. On 19 December 2015, the interchange with Lines 12 and 13 opened. In February 2016 computerized light butterflies were added, and the government is also experimenting with videos on pillars.

Jinjiang Park station
Jinjiang Park (Chinese: 锦江乐园; pinyin: Jǐnjiāng Lèyuán) is a station on Shanghai Metro Line 1. Before 19 April 2001 it was known as Hongmei Road station which is now the name of a different station on Line 12.

The station is part of the first southern extension of the line which opened on 10 April 1995. During the time the metro line was open for public testing this station was the southern terminus. Later three more stations were added to the south of this station: Lianhua Road, Waihuanlu and Xinzhuang.
1969 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1969 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Newmarket-on-Fergus entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 31 August 1969 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Newmarket-on-Fergus and Clarecastle, in what was their third consecutive meeting in the final. Newmarket-on-Fergus won the match by 9–13 to 3–06 to claim their 15th championship title overall and a third championship title in succession.

1968 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1968 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 73rd staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Newmarket-on-Fergus entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 8 September 1968 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Newmarket-on-Fergus and Clarecastle, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. Newmarket-on-Fergus won the match by 2–08 to 1–09 to claim their 15th championship title overall and a third championship title in succession.
NGC 151
NGC 151 is a mid-sized barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus.

The galaxy was discovered by English astronomer William Herschel on November 28, 1785. In 1886, Lewis Swift observed the same galaxy and catalogued it as NGC 153, only for it later to be identified as NGC 151.

The galaxy, viewed from almost face on, has several bright, blue, dusty spiral arms filled with active star formation. One noticeable feature of the galaxy is a large gap between the spiral arms.

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 151.  On 22 July 2011, PTF11iqb (type IIn, mag. 17.1) was discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory, and on 24 June 2023, SN 2023lnh (type Ia, mag. 18) was discovered by ATLAS.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Harry Harrison Kroll
Harry Harrison Kroll (1888–1967) was an American writer, illustrator and English professor whose students included Jesse Stuart.

Kroll wrote the novel Cabin in the Cotton which was adapted into the film The Cabin in the Cotton. The University of Tennessee and Mississippi State University have collections of his papers. Richard Saunders wrote a book about him. Kroll is described as a Southern ruralist writer in a review of it by Ricky Cox.

The Cabin in the Cotton includes the famous line "I'd like ta kiss ya, but I just washed my hair."

Jesse Stuart
Jesse Hilton Stuart (August 8, 1906 – February 17, 1984) was an American writer, school teacher, and school administrator who is known for his short stories, poetry, and novels as well as non-fiction autobiographical works set in central Appalachia. Born and raised in Greenup County, Kentucky, Stuart relied heavily on the rural locale of northeastern Kentucky for his writings. Stuart was named the poet laureate of Kentucky in 1954.