hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Altyn (helmet)
Altyn (Russian: Алтын; named after ''Altyn'') is a titanium helmet developed in the Soviet Union and adopted by the KGB. Providing great protection to the wearer and equipped with an armored visor, it became popular with Russian Internal affairs and security services Spetsnaz units. These helmets are made by NII Stali.

Alpha Group
Spetsgruppa "A", also known as Alpha Group, officially Directorate "A" of FSB Special Purpose Center (Russian: Спецназ ФСБ "Альфа", romanized: Spetsnaz FSB "Alfa"), is a sub-unit of Russian special forces within the Russian Special Purpose Center of the Federal Security Service (FSB). It was created by the Soviet KGB in 1974. Although little is known about the exact nature of its primary directives, it is speculated that the unit is authorised to act under the direct control and sanction of Russia's top political leadership, similar to its sister unit, the Directorate "V" (Vympel), which is officially tasked with protecting Russia's strategic installations, as well as conducting black operations inside and outside Russia. It is also available for extended police duties, for paramilitary operations, and for covert operations, both domestically and internationally.
Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line
The Old Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line is a railway line connecting Old Delhi and Saharanpur via Meerut with includes the Meerut–Khurja link. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway and Delhi division.

Tapri Junction railway station
Tapri Junction railway station is a railway station in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Its code is TPZ. It serves Tapri town. The station consists of two platforms. Passenger, Express, and Superfast trains halt here.
Uehara, Shibuya
Uehara (上原) is a district of Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.

As of October 2020, the population of this district is 10,659. The postal code for Uehara is 151-0064.

The embassy of Côte d'Ivoire is located here, while local landmarks include the Koga Masao Museum of Music and the head offices of JASRAC.

Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers
35°40′4.5″N 139°40′48.8″E﻿ / ﻿35.667917°N 139.680222°E﻿ / 35.667917; 139.680222
The Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (社団法人日本音楽著作権協会, Shadanhōjin Nihon Ongaku Chosakuken Kyōkai), often referred to as JASRAC, is a Japanese copyright collection society. It was founded in 1939 as a nonprofit organization, and is the largest musical copyright administration society in Japan.
Hygrophoropsis flabelliformis
Hygrophoropsis flabelliformis is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. It was first described by mycologists Miles Joseph Berkeley and Henry William Ravenel in 1853 as Cantharellus flabelliformis. E.J.H. Corner transferred it to the genus Hygrophoropsis in 1966.

Hygrophoropsidaceae
The Hygrophoropsidaceae are a family of mushrooms that are gilled in appearance but lie within the Boletales. The family contains 18 species within two genera: Leucogyrophana and Hygrophoropsis, with the best-known member being the "false chanterelle", Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca. Hygrophoropsidaceae was circumscribed by French mycologist Robert Kühner in 1980, with Hygrophoropsis as the type genus. Unlike most members of the Boletales, Hygrophoropsidaceae species are saprophytic wood-rotting fungi that cause brown rot in their hosts. The genera Austropaxillus and Tapinella, once placed in this family, are now classified in the Serpulaceae and Tapinellaceae,  respectively.
2001 Omaha Beef season
The 2001 Omaha Beef season was the team's second season as a football franchise and second in the Indoor Professional Football League (IPFL). One of five teams competing in the IPFL for the 2001 season. The team played their home games at the Omaha Civic Auditorium in Omaha, Nebraska.

Omaha Beef
The Omaha Beef are a professional indoor football team based in Omaha, Nebraska. The Beef plays their home games at Liberty First Credit Union Arena in nearby Ralston. The Beef competes in the National Arena League (NAL). The Beef has been a member of several leagues, including being a charter member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF).
Isa Mammadov
Isa Ali oghlu Mammadov (Azerbaijani: İsa Əli oğlu Məmmədov, July 11, 1926 – August 10, 2007) was an Azerbaijani statesman, secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan (1981–1987), First Secretary of the Lankaran City Committee (1970–1981), Minister of Culture of the Nakhichevan ASSR (1965–1970), Hero of Socialist Labour (1976), Honored Teacher of the Azerbaijan SSR (1964), doctor of psychological sciences (2006).

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Warwick L. Nicholas
Warwick Llewellyn Nicholas (1926–2010) was an Australian zoologist known as a pioneer in the field of nematology. He was a foundational member of the Australian Society for Parasitology (ASP) and in 1964, he organised the first ASP meeting. He became President of the Society in 1978, before being an elected Fellow from 1979.

Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner CH FRS FMedSci MAE (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, United States.
Messmate
Messmate is a common name for a group of species of tree in the plant genus Eucalyptus, all of which have rough bark. The name is of uncertain origin.

Species commonly known as "messmate" include:

E. acmenoides (yellow messmate)

E. cloeziana (messmate, Gympie messmate, Queensland messmate, yellow messmate)

E. exserta (messmate, yellow messmate)

E. macta (red messmate)

E. obliqua (messmate, messmate stringybark)

E. resinifera (red messmate)

E. robertsonii (messmate, New South Wales messmate)

E. robusta (swamp messmate)

E. tetradonta (messmate)

Eucalyptus resinifera
Eucalyptus resinifera, commonly known as red mahogany or red messmate, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree endemic to coastal areas of eastern Australia. It has rough, stringy or fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and hemispherical, conical or cup-shaped fruit.
John Resig
John Resig (born May 8, 1984) is an American software engineer and author, best known as the creator of jQuery, the most widely used JavaScript library. jQuery is used on approximately 77% of the top 10 million websites, making it the most deployed JavaScript library by a large margin. He is the chief software architect at Khan Academy, where he has worked since 2011.

JavaScript library
A JavaScript library is a library of pre-written JavaScript code that allows for easier development of JavaScript-based applications, especially for AJAX and other web-centric technologies. They can be included in a website by embedding it directly in the HTML via a script tag.
Entropy of activation
In chemical kinetics, the entropy of activation of a reaction is one of the two parameters (along with the enthalpy of activation) that are typically obtained from the temperature dependence of a reaction rate constant, when these data are analyzed using the Eyring equation of the transition state theory. The standard entropy of activation is symbolized ΔS‡ and equals the change in entropy when the reactants change from their initial state to the activated complex or transition state (Δ = change, S = entropy, ‡ = activation).

Molecularity
In chemistry, molecularity is the number of molecules that come together to react in an elementary (single-step) reaction and is equal to the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants in the elementary reaction with effective collision (sufficient energy) and correct orientation.
Depending on how many molecules come together, a reaction can be unimolecular, bimolecular or even trimolecular.

The kinetic order of any elementary reaction or reaction step is equal to its molecularity, and the rate equation of an elementary reaction can therefore be determined by inspection, from the molecularity.

The kinetic order of a complex (multistep) reaction, however, is not necessarily equal to the number of molecules involved. The concept of molecularity is only useful to describe elementary reactions or steps.
Banisia tibiale
Banisia tibiale is a species of moth of the family Thyrididae. It is found in the Seychelles on Marianne Island and Silhouette Island.

This moths remembers Banisia myrtaea (Drury, 1773) from which it can be distinguished by the swollen hind tibiae of the male. Their wingspan is 29–31 millimetres (1.1–1.2 in).

Thyrididae
The Thyrididae comprise the family of picture-winged leaf moths. They are the only family in the superfamily Thyridoidea, which sometimes has been included in the Pyraloidea, but this is not supported by cladistic analysis.

Most species live in the tropics and subtropics. They are colourful and often day-flying moths. There are four subfamilies. Their biology is little known. Thyridid specimens are rare in museum collections.
Iopamidol
Iopamidol (INN), sold under the brand name Isovue among others, is a nonionic, low-osmolar iodinated contrast agent, developed by Bracco Diagnostics.

It is available in various concentrations, from 200 to 370 mgI/mL.

Radiocontrast agent
Radiocontrast agents are substances used to enhance the visibility of internal structures in X-ray-based imaging techniques such as computed tomography (contrast CT), projectional radiography, and fluoroscopy. Radiocontrast agents are typically iodine, or more rarely barium sulfate. The contrast agents absorb external X-rays, resulting in decreased exposure on the X-ray detector. This is different from radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine which emit radiation.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) functions through different principles and thus MRI contrast agents have a different mode of action. These compounds work by altering the magnetic properties of nearby hydrogen nuclei.
1999 Champions Cup
The 1999 Liverpool Victoria Champions Cup was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place from August to September 1999 in Croydon, England. It featured players who had won tournaments the previous season.

Stephen Hendry won the event, beating Mark Williams 7–5 in the final, netting the £175,000 prize fund. Only the champion won any prize money, as part of a "winner takes all" format.

Champions Cup (snooker)
The Champions Cup was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held in England that ran for eight seasons starting in the 1994/1995 season and was originally known as the Charity Challenge. The last champion was John Higgins.
2010–11 Air Force Falcons men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Air Force Falcons men's basketball team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by fourth-year head coach Jeff Reynolds, the Falcons played their home games at Clune Arena on at the Air Force Academy's main campus in Colorado Springs, Colorado. They finished the season 16–16, with a 6–10 record in Mountain West play, finishing in sixth place. The Falcons lost in the quarterfinals of the 2011 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament to UNLV. They were invited to the 2011 CollegeInsider.com Tournament, where they defeated North Dakota in the opening round before being eliminated in the second round by Santa Clara.

2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 8, 2010, with the preliminary games of the 2010 Coaches vs. Cancer Classic, and ended with the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament's championship game on April 4, 2011, at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. The tournament's first-round games occurred March 15–16, 2011, in Dayton, Ohio, followed by second and third rounds Thursday through Sunday, March 17–20. Regional games were played March 24–27, with the Final Four on April 2 and the national championship game on April 4.
Syomkava
Syomkava (Belarusian: Сёмкава, romanized: Siomkava; Russian: Сёмково, romanized: Syomkovo) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is administratively part of Papyernya rural council. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northwest of the capital Minsk. In 2001, it had a population of 1,461. In 2010, it had a population of 1,625.

Papyernya rural council
Papyernya rural council (Belarusian: Папярнянскі сельсавет; Russian: Папернянский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Minsk district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the   agrotown of Balshavik.
Central Asian Border District
The Red Banner Central Asian Border District (Russian: Краснознамённый Среднеазиатский пограничный округ) was a district of the Soviet KGB Border Guards. It had its headquarters in Ashgabad. It guarded the Afghan–Soviet border (without the strip along the Wakhan District) and the Iranian–Soviet border. The sea border of the district extended halfway along the southern line of Soviet territorial waters in the Caspian Sea until it met the terrain of the Red Banner Trans-Caucasus Border District.

Balkanabat
Balkanabat (Turkmen: Balkanabat şäheri), formerly Nebit-Dag and Neftedag, is the administrative centre of Balkan Province, the largest province in Turkmenistan. It lies at the foot of the Balkan Daglary mountain range. Balkanabat is about 450 km west of Ashgabat and 160 km east of the seaport city of Türkmenbaşy. The city layout is a grid of apartment blocks called kvartal (quarters). The main streets are Magtymguly, Pervomayskiy and Gurbansoltan eje şaýoly.
Islamic military jurisprudence
Islamic military jurisprudence refers to what has been accepted in Sharia (Islamic law) and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) by Ulama (Islamic scholars) as the correct Islamic manner, expected to be obeyed by Muslims, in times of war. Some scholars and Muslim religious figures describe armed struggle based on Islamic principles as the lesser jihad.

Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a(l) ʃaːfiʕiː] ⓘ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the  principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact,": 270  and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory.": 239–273

Born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
Durham (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Durham was one of them.

From 1979 to 1984, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bishop Auckland, Chester-le-Street, Consett, Darlington, Durham, Durham North West, Easington, and Houghton-le-Spring. From 1984 to 1999 it consisted of: Bishop Auckland, Blaydon, City of Durham, Darlington, Easington, North Durham, North West Durham, Sedgefield.

Darlington (UK Parliament constituency)
Darlington is the parliamentary constituency for the eponymous market town in County Durham in the North East of England. It is currently represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Lola McEvoy of the Labour Party, who was first elected in 2024.

The constituency was created for the 1868 election.
Structural bioinformatics
Structural bioinformatics is the branch of bioinformatics that is related to the analysis and prediction of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA. It deals with generalizations about macromolecular 3D structures such as comparisons of overall folds and local motifs, principles of molecular folding, evolution, binding interactions, and structure/function relationships, working both from experimentally solved structures and from computational models. The term structural has the same meaning as in structural biology, and structural bioinformatics can be seen as a part of computational structural biology. The main objective of structural bioinformatics is the creation of new methods of analysing and manipulating biological macromolecular data in order to solve problems in biology and generate new knowledge.

Root mean square deviation
The root mean square deviation (RMSD) or root mean square error (RMSE) is either one of two closely related and frequently used measures of the differences between true or predicted values on the one hand and observed values or an estimator on the other.
The deviation is typically simply a differences of scalars; it can also be generalized to the vector lengths of a displacement, as in the bioinformatics concept of root mean square deviation of atomic positions.
Oakland Park Elementary School
The Oakland Park Elementary School is a historic school in Oakland Park, Florida, United States. The school, part of Broward County Public Schools, is located at 936 Northeast 33rd Street. On June 9, 1988, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. As of 2016 the principle of the school is Michelle Garcia. The mascot of the school is an eagle. Grades are Pre-K, K, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th. There are English for Speakers of Other Languages students in this school who typically natively speak Spanish or Creole.

Broward County Public Schools
Broward County Public Schools is a public school district serving Broward County, Florida, United States. It is the sixth largest public school system in the nation. Headquartered in the city downtown of Fort Lauderdale, it is the sole school district in the county.

During the 2023–2024 school year, Broward County Public Schools served 251,106 students enrolled in 326 schools and education centers district-wide.
The Discovery of the Child
The Discovery of the Child is an essay by Italian pedagogist Maria Montessori (1870-1952), published in Italy in 1950, about the origin and features of the Montessori method, a teaching method invented by her and known worldwide.

The book is nothing more than a rewrite of one of her previous books, which was published for the first time in 1909 with the title The method of scientific pedagogy applied to infant education in children's homes. This book was rewritten and republished five times, adding each time the new discoveries and techniques learnt; in particular, it was published in 1909, 1913, 1926, 1935 and 1950. The title was changed only in the last edition (1950), becoming The Discovery of the Child.

Édouard Séguin
Édouard Séguin (January 20, 1812 – October 28, 1880) was a French physician and educationist born in Clamecy, Nièvre. He is remembered for his work with children having cognitive impairments in France and the United States.
Centre Place, Melbourne
Centre Place is a laneway and pedestrian precinct in Melbourne, Australia. It runs north from Flinders Lane to Collins Street, between Elizabeth Street and Swanston Street.

The laneway is famous for its vibrant bars, cafes, restaurants and boutiques. It also features some of Melbourne's most well-known examples of street art and graffiti and the precinct has been used in tourism campaigns for the city.

Flinders Lane
Flinders Lane is a minor street and thoroughfare in the Melbourne central business district of Victoria, Australia. The laneway runs east–west from Spring Street to Spencer Street in-between Flinders and Collins streets. Originally laid out as part of the Hoddle Grid in 1837, the laneway was once the centre of Melbourne's rag trade and is still home to boutique designers and high-end retailers including Chanel, now perched alongside numerous upscale hotels like the W Hotel Melbourne and Adelphi Hotel, loft apartments, cafes and bars.

Many historic buildings are found on Flinders Lane with a history of strict height limits helping to preserve the buildings from redevelopment. Despite the loss of some significant buildings over time, it is still known for its SoHo atmosphere and chic, well-preserved historic buildings.
George I. Cunningham
George I. Cunningham (1835-1902) was the forty-fourth mayor of Charleston, South Carolina, serving two terms from 1873 to 1877. Cunningham was born in Monroe County, Tennessee to Abner Cunningham and Celia Stephens. He served as the Chairman of the Charleston County Commissioners in 1872 and president of Charleston Waterworks Co. He was appointed a United States marshal in 1879. He was also the  postmaster of Charleston. He died on November 29, 1902.

Cunningham was the last Republican to serve as mayor of Charleston until William S. Cogswell Jr. was elected in 2023 and was sworn in in January 2024.

William S. Cogswell Jr.
William Scott Cogswell Jr. (born January 14, 1975) is an American politician and businessman who is the mayor of Charleston, South Carolina. A member of the Republican Party, he served from 2016 to 2022 in the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 110th District. Cogswell was elected mayor in 2023, defeating incumbent John Tecklenburg, and is Charleston's first Republican mayor since 1877.
Czarodziejski okręt
Czarodziejski okręt (The Magic Ship) is a nautical robinsonade with science fiction elements for young readers written by Władysław Umiński and serialized in 1914. A book edition was published in 1916. The novel tells the story of a millionaire who spends her vacation on a deserted island and her husband who embarks on a quest to find her using the titular technologically advanced ship.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.