hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1792 English cricket season
In the 1792 English cricket season, Kent played Hampshire at Cobham Park, which was Lord Darnley's estate and the home of the Bligh family. Ninety years later, it became the home of The Ashes in the shape of the urn brought back from Australia by the Hon. Ivo Bligh. Details of 24 matches are known, but few were important.

A match in Sheffield provides the earliest known instance of the rare dismissal of obstructing the field. Elsewhere, the earliest known cricket club in India was formed in Calcutta.

Hampshire county cricket team (pre-1864)
Until 1863, the Hampshire county cricket team, always known as Hampshire, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly the Hambledon Club in the second half of the 18th century. It played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Hampshire County Cricket Club on 12 August 1863.
Aulus (praenomen)
Aulus (/ˈaʊləs, ˈɔːləs/ OW-ləs, AW-ləs, Latin: [ˈau̯lʊs]), feminine Aula, is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout Roman history from the earliest times to the end of the Western Empire in the fifth century. An alternative pronunciation leads to the variant spellings Olus, Ollus and Olla. Aulus was widely used by both patrician and plebeian gentes. The name gave rise to the patronymic gens Aulia, and perhaps also to gens Avilia and the cognomen Avitus. The name was usually abbreviated A., but occasionally Av. or Avl.

For most of Roman history, Aulus was one of the ten most common praenomina, being less common than Titus, the sixth most common praenomen, and comparable in frequency to Gnaeus, Spurius, and Sextus.

Spurius (praenomen)
Spurius (Latin pronunciation: [ˈspʊriʊs]), feminine Spuria, is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was used primarily during the period of the Roman Republic, and which fell into disuse in imperial times. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gens Spurilia. The name was originally abbreviated S., as it was the most common praenomen beginning with that letter; but, as it grew less common, it was sometimes abbreviated Sp.

For most of the Roman Republic, Spurius was about the ninth most-common praenomen. Although used by a minority of families, it was favored by many, including the gentes Carvilia, Cassia, Furia, Nautia, Papiria, Postumia, Servilia, and Veturia. It was most common during the early centuries of the Republic, and gradually declined in popularity until it all but disappeared during the 1st century AD.
Daisy Lang
Daisy Lang (Bulgarian: Дейзи Ланг) (born 4 April 1972 as Desislava Kirova (Bulgarian: Десислава Кирова)) is a former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2004. She is a three division world champion and was the first Bulgarian woman to capture a world title, having held the WIBF super-flyweight, bantamweight, and super-bantamweight titles between 1999 and 2004.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Dixon County Courthouse
The Dixon County Courthouse in Ponca, Nebraska was built in 1883–84 and expanded in 1939–1940.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The original courthouse has elements of Italianate architecture.  The addition was designed by Lincoln architect J.F. Reynolds and is in Art Deco style.

It is a contributing property in the NRHP-listed Ponca Historic District.

The construction of the addition was the last salvo in a war between Ponca and Allen, Nebraska about which town would be county seat.

Ponca Historic District
The Ponca Historic District is a historic district in Ponca, Nebraska that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It includes the commercial center of Ponca, including 38 contributing buildings.

These include:

Ponca City Hall at 123 West 3rd Street.

Salem Lutheran Church, an Akron Plan church (accompanying photos 16, 17, 28, 37 & 38)

Carnegie Library (accompanying photos 13, 14, 15)

First Presbyterian Church, a vernacular brick church

First Methodist Church, also a vernacular brick church

Security Bank (photos 1 & 2): 2

Bank of Dixon County (photos 3 & 35): 2
Remez algorithm
The Remez algorithm or Remez exchange algorithm, published by Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez in 1934, is an iterative algorithm used to find simple approximations to functions, specifically, approximations by functions in a Chebyshev space that are the best in the uniform norm L∞ sense. It is sometimes referred to as Remes algorithm or Reme algorithm.

A typical example of a Chebyshev space is the subspace of Chebyshev polynomials of order n in the space of real continuous functions on an interval, C[a, b].  The polynomial of best approximation within a given subspace is defined to be the one that minimizes the maximum absolute difference between the polynomial and the function. In this case, the form of the solution is precised by the equioscillation theorem.

Haar space
In approximation theory, a Haar space or Chebyshev space is a finite-dimensional subspace  of , where  is a compact space and  either the real numbers or the complex numbers, such that for any given  there is exactly one element of  that approximates  "best", i.e. with minimum distance to  in supremum norm.
Norman Black
Norman Augustus Black (born November 12, 1957) is the current Consultant to the San Beda University Red Lions Basketball team playing in the NCAA Philippines. He is a former professional basketball player who played in the CBA, NBA, and PBA. He's the former head coach for the Meralco Bolts.

He has since settled in the Philippines. He is also a former head coach of the San Miguel Beermen, Mobiline Phone Pals, Pop Cola 800s, Sta. Lucia Realtors and Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters. He has also coached the Ateneo Blue Eagles in the UAAP. During his playing career, his moniker was Mr. 100%.

Philippine Collegiate Champions League
The Philippine Collegiate Champions League (PCCL) was a national collegiate basketball championship league in the Philippines. Its tournament, known as the "National Collegiate Championship" (NCC) is sanctioned by the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas, the country's national basketball federation. The league's format varies every season with 250 teams coming from nine different regional areas nationwide.
Summit cross
A summit cross is a Christian cross on the summit of a mountain or hill that marks the top. Often there will be a summit register (Gipfelbuch) at the cross, either in a container or other weatherproof case.

The practice originated in the German Alps, where it is known as a German: Gipfelkreuz. Various other forms of marking or symbol such as cairns, prayer flags or ovoos may be found around the world on passes and hills, especially sacred mountains. In the Italian Alps and other places, a Madonna is sometimes placed at the summit instead of a cross.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
NGC 1358
NGC 1358 is a barred lenticular galaxy with ring features located in the constellation Eridanus, approximately 190 million light-years (58.2 megaparsecs) from Earth. It is classified as a Seyfert 2 galaxy, characterized by its active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered by a supermassive black hole and exhibiting strong X-ray and infrared emissions. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on 1 December 1837 during his observations from the Cape of Good Hope.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
R'Bonney Gabriel
R'Bonney Nola Gabriel (born March 20, 1994) is an American fashion designer and beauty pageant titleholder best known for winning the title of she had previously. Gabriel won the Miss Texas USA 2022 and Miss USA 2022 titles, becoming the ninth competitor from the United States to win the Miss Universe 2022 title, as well as the oldest entrant.

Miss Universe 1995
Miss Universe 1995 was the 44th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Windhoek Country Club Resort in Windhoek, Namibia on 12 May 1995. Chelsi Smith of the United States was crowned by Sushmita Sen of India at the conclusion of the event. This marks the first and so far only time the pageant has been held in Africa. Eighty-two contestants competed in this year.
10th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 10th Infantry Brigade was a Regular Army infantry brigade of the British Army formed during the Second Boer War in 5th Division, and during both World Wars the brigade was part of the 4th Infantry Division.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Marble Palace Zoo
The Marble Palace, located at 46, Muktaram Babu Street, Kolkata 700007, is a palatial mansion located in North Kolkata, India, which was built by Raja Rajendra Mullick in 1835 and contains many beautiful Western sculptures, pieces of Victorian furniture, and paintings by European and Indian artists.  Large chandeliers, clocks, and busts of kings and queens decorate the hallways of the palace. It is famous for marble wall & floors, antiques, paintings by Rubens, curios, marble statues, floor to ceiling mirrors and for its collection of rare birds. 
Marble Palace is still lived in. Entrance is restricted and permission must be obtained from the government tourist office.

Located next to the palace is the Marble Palace Zoo, which was the first zoo opened in India, also by Raja Rajendra Mullick. It now primarily serves as an aviary, including peacocks, toucans, storks, and cranes.

Aviary
An aviary is a large enclosure for confining birds, although bats may also be considered for display. Unlike birdcages, aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly; hence, aviaries are also sometimes known as flight cages in the United Kingdom. Aviaries often contain plants and shrubbery to simulate a natural environment.
Sotby
Sotby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 15 miles (24 km) north-east from the city and county town of Lincoln,  midway between the market towns of Horncastle, to the south, and Market Rasen, to the north. As the population of the village remains less than 100 it is now included in the civil parish of Market Stainton.

The parish church is a Grade II* listed building dedicated to Saint Peter. It dates from the 12th century, and was restored in 1857 by Michael Drury, using greenstone, limestone and some red brick. There is a gravestone in the chancel floor to John Porter, rector, who died 1688.

Market Rasen
Market Rasen (/ˈreɪzən/ RAY-zən) is a market town and civil parish within the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The River Rase runs through it east to west, approximately 16 miles (26 km) north-east from Lincoln, 18 miles (29 km) east from Gainsborough, 14 miles (23 km) west of  Louth, and 16 miles (26 km) south-west from Grimsby. It lies on the main road between Lincoln and Grimsby, the A46, and is famous for its racecourse. In 2001, the town had a population of 3,200.  In the 2011 census, the population of the civil parish was 3,904.
Natural scientific research in Canada
This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research. Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.

Canada Foundation for Innovation
The Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI; French: Fondation canadienne pour l'innovation, FCI) is an independent corporation created by the Government of Canada to invest in research facilities and equipment in Canada's universities, colleges, research hospitals, and non-profit research institutions.

The CFI does not report staff numbers on its website or in its annual reports. Based on the professional network site Linkedin, the number is approximately 100 (for 2025).
Jim Burke (cricketer)
James Wallace Burke (12 June 1930 – 2 February 1979) was an Australian cricketer who played in 24 Test matches from 1951 to 1959. Burke holds the record for the most innings in a complete career without scoring a duck, with 44.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
2005 European 10,000m Cup
The 2005 European 10,000m Cup was the 9th edition of the annual 10,000 metres competition between European athletes, which was held at San Vicente Stadium in Barakaldo, Spain on 2 April. A total of 37 athletes (22 men and 15 women) from 12 European nations entered the competition, plus three African pacemakers running as guests.

Spain won the men's team event with a combined time of 1:23:53.88 hours, led by individual winner Juan Carlos de la Ossa. Portugal won the women's team race with a total time of 1:38:36.35, led by individual runner-up Fernanda Ribeiro. Sabrina Mockenhaupt (the sole German female entrant) won the women's individual race. Only three nations fielded enough athletes to qualify for the team section, and Germany only did so in the men's race.

European 10,000m Cup
The European 10,000m Cup is an annual 10,000 metres race for European athletes which was first held in 1997. The competition is organised by the European Athletics Association and first began as the European 10000 Metres Challenge (European 10,000m Challenge till 2005 edition),
after the event was removed from the European Cup programme.
Baseball at the 1930 Central American and Caribbean Games
Baseball was contested at the 1930 Central American and Caribbean Games in Havana, Cuba. All of the games were played at the Estadio Cervecería Tropical, which was built especially for the games.

Cuba won its second consecutive gold medal, and Mexico its second consecutive silver; both teams had participated in the inaugural 1926 Games in Mexico City. The 1930 Games expanded the baseball tournament to five countries; it marked the international debuts of the Panama, El Salvador, and Guatemala national baseball teams.

Baseball at the 1926 Central American and Caribbean Games
Baseball was contested at the 1926 Central American and Caribbean Games in Mexico City, Mexico, between teams representing Mexico and Cuba. Guatemala, the third nation participating in the games, did not send a baseball selection to the tournament.

The baseball tournament at the 1926 Games was the first appearance of both Cuba and Mexico international baseball scene. Although ad-hoc international baseball exhibitions had previously been played, historian Peter C. Bjarkman described the 1926 baseball events as "the first international baseball tournament of any legitimacy."

The competition consisted of a three game series, where Cuba defeated Mexico 12–0 in the first game, 10–3 in the third game and 8–2 in the third game to claim the gold medal; Mexico was awarded the silver medal.
Graham Henry Edwards
Graham Henry Edwards (Born January 1964) is a British businessman and Conservative Party official. He is the former chief executive of property company Telereal Trillium, and the current Treasurer of the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom.

Edwards is an ally of Conservative Party leader Kemi Badenoch. In August 2025 it was announced Badenoch planned for him to get a life peerage, alongside Olympic swimmer Sharron Davies and columnist Simon Heffer. Although ultimately he wasn't included in the announcement in December 2025 though Davies and Heffer were.

Treasurer of the Conservative Party
The office of Treasurer of the Conservative Party was established in 1911, along with that of Chairman, as part of a wider reorganisation of the Conservative and Unionist Party's machinery following the party's failure to win the general elections of January and December 1910.

The officeholders are responsible for fundraising, and in recent years, have sat on the Conservative Party Board.
Langah Sultanate
The Langah Sultanate was a late medieval sultanate based in the Punjab region in the western Indian subcontinent between the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the dominant power of the lower Doab tract with Multan at its centre. The Langah Sultanate was annexed in 1527 but had autonomous authority until its merger with the Mughal Empire in 1530.

Bahauddin Zakariya
Bahauddin Zakariya (c.1170 – 1262), also known as Baha-ul-Haq, was a Sunni Muslim scholar, saint and poet who established the Suhrawardiyya order of Baghdad in medieval South Asia, later becoming one of the most influential spiritual leaders of his era.
Esperantujo
Esperantujo (IPA: [esperanˈtujo]) or Esperantio (IPA: [esperanˈtio]) is the community of speakers of the Esperanto language and their culture, as well as the places and institutions where the language is used. The term is used "as if it were a country."

Although it does not occupy its own area of Earth's surface, it can be said to constitute the 120 countries which have their own national Esperanto association.

Universal Esperanto Association
The World Esperanto Association (Esperanto: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), also known as the Universal Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5,501 individual members in 121 countries and 9,215 through national associations (in 2015) in 214 countries. In addition to individual members, 70 national Esperanto organizations are affiliated with UEA. Its current president is Fernando Maia. The magazine Esperanto is the main publication to inform UEA members about everything happening in the Esperanto community.

The UEA was founded in 1908 by the Swiss journalist Hector Hodler and others and is now headquartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The organization has official relations with the United Nations and has an office at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
KBLN-TV
KBLN-TV (channel 30) is a religious independent television station licensed to Grants Pass, Oregon, United States, serving the Medford area. Owned by Better Life Television, the station maintains studios on Northeast 9th Street in Grants Pass and a transmitter on Mount Bluey.

KBLN-TV is seen in five counties in Southern Oregon, plus Siskiyou County in northern California. It is a viewer-supported non-profit outreach organization of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, with a 501(c)(3) status.

Redding, California
Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County, California, and the economic and cultural capital of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Redding lies along the Sacramento River, 162 miles (261 km) north of Sacramento, and 120 miles (190 km) south of California's northern border with Oregon. Its population was 93,611 at the 2020 census.
Iphianassa
In Greek mythology, Iphianassa (/ˌɪfiəˈnæsə/; Ancient Greek: Ίφιάνασσα Īphianassa means 'strong queen' or 'rule strongly') is a name that refers to several characters.

Iphianassa, one of the 50 Nereids, marine-nymph daughters of the 'Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris.

Iphianassa, consort of King Endymion of Elis and mother of Aetolus. The wife of Endymion was otherwise known as Asterodia, Chromia, Hyperippe or a nameless Naiad nymph.

Iphianassa, one of the three Proetids, daughters of the Argive king Proetus by Stheneboea who were purified of their madness by Melampus. Iphianassa eventually married Melampus.

Iphianassa, a Mycenaean princess as the daughter of King Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, perhaps the same as Iphigenia.

Iphianassa, mother of Menalces by Medon of Cilla. Her son was killed by Neoptolemus.

Chromia
In Greek mythology, Chromia (/ˈkroʊmiə/; Ancient Greek: Χρωμία, Khrōmía) was the daughter of Itonus, son of Amphictyon, himself son of Deucalion. She was also, in some traditions, the mother of Aetolus, Paeon, Epeius and Eurycyda by Endymion.

The poem Endymion, a Tale of Greece, by Henry B. Hirst (1848) is a modern retelling of the legend of Endymion and Chromia.
Tritonia cedarmontana
Tritonia cedarmontana is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a perennial geophyte and is part of the fynbos ecoregion. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs on the southern Cederberg. Here the species has a range of less than 20 km² and the single population occurs in a gorge where it grows on the slopes.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Cable television in Ireland
Cable television (originally known as "piped TV" in Ireland) first started in 1963, when several companies, including the state broadcaster, RTÉ, started relaying the United Kingdom's terrestrial television channels in some cities and larger towns. Today, all Irish cities and many larger towns have cable networks.

NTL Ireland
NTL Communications (Ireland) Limited was a cable television and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) company in Ireland. As of 2005 it was owned by Liberty Global Europe (see history, below), having been divested by NTL. It was rebranded as UPC Ireland (now called Virgin Media Ireland).