hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Lachmann
Sir Peter Julius Lachmann FRS FMedSci (23 December 1931 – 26 December 2020) was a British immunologist, specialising in the study of the complement system. He was emeritus Sheila Joan Smith Professor of Immunology at the  University of Cambridge, a fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge and honorary fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and of Imperial College. He was knighted for service to medical science in 2002.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Inverse trigonometric functions
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric, cyclometric, or arcus functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions, under suitably restricted domains. Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, and are used to obtain an angle from any of the angle's trigonometric ratios. Inverse trigonometric functions are widely used in engineering, navigation, physics, and geometry.

Principal value
In mathematics, specifically complex analysis, the principal values of a multivalued function are the values along one chosen branch of that function, so that it is single-valued. A simple case arises in taking the square root of a positive real number. For example, 4 has two square roots: 2 and −2; of these the positive root, 2, is considered the principal root and is denoted as
Nita Prose
Nita Pronovost, better known by her pen name Nita Prose, is a Canadian author and book editor. She is best known for her 2022 novel, The Maid, which won a Anthony Award (2023), Barry Award (2023), Goodreads Choice Award (2022), Macavity Award (2023), and Ned Kelly Award (2022).

Prose began her career writing for literary magazines before becoming a production editor with HarperCollins Canada. She eventually transferred to Doubleday, where she served as senior editor. In 2016, she began overseeing the editorial team at Simon & Schuster Canada, ultimately becoming vice president and editorial director. As editor, she also worked as a ghost writer for multiple celebrity memoirs.

As of 2022, Prose lived in Toronto.

Barry Award (crime novel prize)
The Barry Award is a crime literary prize awarded annually since 1997 by the editors of Deadly Pleasures, an American quarterly publication for crime fiction readers. From 2007 to 2009 the award was jointly presented  with the publication Mystery News. The prize is named after Barry Gardner, an American critic.
Period of financial distress
A period of financial distress occurs when the price of a company or an asset or an index of a set of assets in a market is declining with the danger of a sudden crash of value occurring, either because the company is experiencing increasing problems of cash flow or a deteriorating credit balance or because the price had become too high as a result of a speculative bubble that has now peaked.

Edward Altman
Edward I. Altman (born June 5, 1941) is a Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at New York University's Stern School of Business. He is best known for the development of the Altman Z-score for predicting bankruptcy which he published in 1968. Professor Altman is a leading academic on the High-Yield and Distressed Debt markets and is the pioneer in the building of models for credit risk management and bankruptcy prediction.

Altman used to teach "Bankruptcy and Reorganization" and "Credit Risk Management" in the Risk Management Open Enrollment program for 
Stern Executive Education. He also teaches in the school's MBA programs and has been a Stern faculty member since 1967.
Sužan, Croatia
Sužan is a village on the Croatian island of Krk, 1 km to the southwest of Čižići. It is part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 70 inhabitants.

The ruins of a church, the Church of All Saints (Croatian: Crkve Svih Svetih) can be found in the village. This church dates from 1514 and was eventually left abandoned in 1927.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Geographical indications in Bangladesh
A geographical indication (GI) is a name or sign used on certain products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin (e.g., a town, region, or country). The GI tag ensures that only registered authorized users or residents of the specified geographic region have the right to use the popular product name. Jamdani was the first GI recognized by Government of Bangladesh in 2016.

List of Products Registered as Geographical Indications in Bangladesh:

Jamdani
Jamdani (Bengali: জামদানি) is a fine muslin textile (figured with different patterns) produced for centuries in South Rupshi of Narayanganj district in Bangladesh on the bank of Shitalakshya River.

The historic production of jamdani was patronized by imperial warrants of the Mughal emperors. During the period of British rule in India, Bengal's jamdani and muslin industries rapidly declined due to being unable to compete with imported textiles manufactured in Great Britain. In more recent years, the production of jamdani has witnessed a revival in Bangladesh. Jamdani involved skilful use of white, black, golden, silver and other similar coloured threads to weave geometric and floral patterns into the fabric.

In 2013, the traditional art of weaving jamdani was declared a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

In 2016, Bangladesh received geographical indication (GI) status for Jamdani Sari.
Dimitrios Kompodietas
Dimitrios "Dimitris" Kompodietas (alternate spelling: Kobodietas) (Greek: Δημήτρης Κομποδιέτας; born April 26, 1985) is a Greek professional basketball player for Palaio Faliro B.C. of the Greek B Basket League. He is a 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) tall shooting guard-small forward.

Greek Elite League
The Greek Elite League (Greek: Ελληνική Ελίτ Λιγκ), is a professional basketball league in Greece. It is the 2nd-tier level of pro competition, among clubs in the country. It is organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation.
Federico Kammerichs
Guillermo Federico Kammerichs (born June 21, 1980) is an Argentine retired professional basketball player, who last played with Unión de Goya. At 6 ft 83⁄4 in (2.05 m) tall and 245 lbs. (111 kg) in weight, he could play at the small forward and power forward positions.

2003 Tournament of the Americas
The 2003 Tournament of the Americas in basketball, later known as the FIBA Americas Championship and the FIBA AmeriCup (also known as Las Americas Tournament for Men, FIBA Americas Olympic Qualifying Tournament, or Panamerican Olympic Qualifying Tournament for Men), was hosted by Puerto Rico, from August 20 to August 31, 2003. The games were played in San Juan, at the Roberto Clemente Coliseum. This FIBA AmeriCup was to earn the three berths allocated to the Americas for the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece. The United States won the tournament, the country's fifth AmeriCup championship.
Gaetano Lococo
Gaetano Lococo (1895–1993), also known as "Thomas" or "Tano", was a mobster identified as one of the "Five Iron Men" of Kansas City, Missouri by Americanmafia.com. Lococo was known within the Kansas City crime family as an enforcer in his early years. Later on, he controlled an interest in several illegal gambling establishments.

Kansas City crime family
The Kansas City crime family, also known as the Civella crime family or the Kansas City Mafia or the Clique, is an Italian American Mafia crime family based in Kansas City, Missouri, and throughout the Greater Kansas City area. The organization formed during the early 1910s. It is named after Nicholas Civella, the family’s longest serving boss from 1953 until his death in 1983.
Southern Songhay languages
Southern Songhay is the more populous branch of the Songhay languages, centered on the Niger River, including Timbuktu and the old capital of Gao. It includes Zarma (Djerma), a major language of Niger.

Dendi language
Dendi is a Songhay language used as a trade language across northern Benin (along the Niger River). It forms a dialect cluster with Zarma and Koyraboro Senni but it is heavily influenced by Bariba.

Dendi has been described as a four-tone language.
2013 Johnsonville Sausage 200
The 2013 Johnsonville Sausage 200 presented by Menards was the 14th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the fourth iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 22, 2013, in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin at Road America, a 4.048 miles (6.515 km) permanent road course. The race was extended from its scheduled 50 laps to 55 due to multiple green–white–checker finishes. At race's end, A. J. Allmendinger, driving for Penske Racing, would hold off the field on the final restart to complete a dominant performance and earn his first career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his first win of the season. To fill out the podium, Justin Allgaier of Turner Scott Motorsports and Parker Kligerman of Kyle Busch Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Xfinity Series at Road America
The Road America 180 was a NASCAR Xfinity Series race that has taken place at Road America since 2010 until 2023. The race has been a standalone race for the series except for in 2021 and 2022 when the NASCAR Cup Series had a race at the track on the same weekend.
Acanthocarpus (plant)
Acanthocarpus is a genus in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae, in the APG III system of classification. It has been difficult to place at family rank, being placed at various times in Dasypogonaceae as well as the Asparagaceae. The entire genus is endemic to the State of Western Australia.

Species include:

Acanthocarpus canaliculatus A.S.George

Acanthocarpus humilis A.S.George

Acanthocarpus parviflorus A.S.George

Acanthocarpus preissii Lehm.

Acanthocarpus robustus A.S.George

Acanthocarpus rupestris A.S.George

Acanthocarpus verticillatus A.S.George

Formerly included species:

Acanthocarpus fimbriatus - Chamaexeros fimbriata

Acanthocarpus mucronatus - Lomandra mucronata

Acanthocarpus serra - Chamaexeros serra

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Ylvingen Chapel
Ylvingen Chapel (Norwegian: Ylvingen kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Vega Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the island of Ylvingen. It is an annex chapel in the Vega parish which is part of the Sør-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1967 using plans drawn up by the architect Arne Reppen. The chapel seats about 80 people. The chapel was consecrated on 15 June 1967 by the Bishop Hans Edvard Wisløff.

Ylvingen
Ylvingen is an island in Vega Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 7.6-square-kilometre (2.9 sq mi) island lies just off the west coast of Norway, between the island of Vega and the mainland. In 2017, there were 25 residents on the island.

The island is connected by fast ferry to the mainland towns of Brønnøysund and Sandnessjøen, and to the island of Vega and the mainland by car ferry, all operated by Torghatten Trafikkselskap.

The landscape is relatively flat, yet rocky in many places. The highest point on the island is the 68-metre (223 ft) tall mountain Stornonshaugen in the middle of the island. The island has a relatively large moose population. The residents of the island earn a living by farming and fishing and the island has increasing tourist traffic.
Berclair, Mississippi
Berclair is an unincorporated community located in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States. Berclair is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Itta Bena. It is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area.

Itta Bena, Mississippi
Itta Bena is a city in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, Itta Bena had a population of 1,679. The town's name is derived from the Choctaw phrase iti bina, meaning "forest camp". Itta Bena is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. It developed as a trading center of an area of cotton plantations.
Chertkovo, Rostov Oblast
49°23′N 40°10′E﻿ / ﻿49.383°N 40.167°E﻿ / 49.383; 40.167

Chertkovo (Russian and Ukrainian: Чертково) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Chertkovsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population:  10,814 (2010 Census); 11,029 (2002 Census); 10,751 (1989 Soviet census).

It is separated from the urban-type settlement of Milove in Milove Raion of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine partially by the North Caucasus Railway. The railway together with surrounding infrastructure is located on the Russian side of the border. Both localities were served by Chertkovo railway station until the Russo-Ukrainian War. A bypass avoiding the border was completed between Zhuravka and Millerovo in 2017 after which traffic to Chertkovo ceased. The railway station was liquidated in 2019.

Millerovo, Millerovsky District, Rostov Oblast
Millerovo (Russian: Ми́ллерово, Ukrainian: Міллерово) is a town and the administrative center of Millerovsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, close to the border with Ukraine. Population  36,499 (2010 Census); 38,498 (2002 Census); 37,346 (1989 Soviet census).
Federal judiciary of the United States
The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three branches of the  U.S. federal government organized under the U.S. Constitution and laws of the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary does not include any state court (which includes local courts), which are completely independent from the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary consists primarily of the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. district courts. It also includes a variety of other lesser federal tribunals.

Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III states that federal judges are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, or die.

Abstention doctrine
An abstention doctrine is any of several doctrines that a United States court may (or in some cases must) apply to refuse to hear a case if hearing the case would potentially intrude upon the powers of another court. Such doctrines are usually invoked where lawsuits involving the same issues are brought in two different court systems at the same time (such as federal and state courts).

The United States has a federal court system with limitations on the cases that it can hear, while each state has its own individual court system. In some instances, the jurisdiction of these courts overlap, so a lawsuit between two parties may be brought in either or both courts. The latter circumstance can lead to confusion, waste resources, as well as cause the appearance that one court is disrespecting the other. Both federal and state courts have developed rules determining when one court will defer to another's jurisdiction over a particular case.
Loughanaskin
Loughanaskin is a townland in Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of St. Mary's.

The townland stands to the centre of the city, with the Dublin–Westport/Galway railway line passing through the north of the area. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church and Saint Mary's National School are located in the townland. The townland is bordered by Aghacocara, Ankers Bower, Cannonsfield, and Loughandonning to the east, Athlone and Cloghanboy West to the west, and Curragh (Mechum) to the north.

Athlone (townland)
Athlone is the name given to two bordering townlands in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townlands are in the civil parish of St. Mary's.

The northern townland covers much of the northern area of the town of Athlone, with the M6 motorway cutting through the northern part of the area. The southern townland contains most of the shopping district of the town, including the Athlone Towncentre shopping centre. Athlone railway station is also within the southern townland. Both townlands are bordered to the west by the River Shannon.
Wangqingtuo
Wangqingtuo Town (simplified Chinese: 王庆坨镇; traditional Chinese: 王慶坨鎮; pinyin: Wángqìngtuó Zhèn) is a town located in the southwest of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It borders Geyucheng and Chagugang Towns to its north, Shuangkou and Yangliuqing Towns to its east, Yangfengang Town to its south, and Donggugang Town to its west. The town had a census population of 45,016 as of 2010.

Yangliuqing
Yangliuqing Town (simplified Chinese: 杨柳青镇; traditional Chinese: 楊柳青鎮; pinyin: Yángliǔqīng Zhèn) is a market town in Xiqing District, in the western suburbs of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Despite its relatively small size, it has been named since 2006 in the "famous historical and cultural market towns in China".

It is best known in China for creating nianhua or Yangliuqing nianhua. For more than 400 years, Yangliuqing has in effect specialised in the creation of these woodcuts for the New Year.  wood block prints using vivid colourschemes to portray traditional scenes of children's games often interwoven with auspiciouse objects.

As of 2010, it had a total population of 118,291.
Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle middleweight
The men's freestyle middleweight was a Catch as Catch Can wrestling, later freestyle, event held as part of the wrestling competition at the 1920 Summer Olympics. It was the second appearance of the event. Middleweight was the median category, and included wrestlers weighing up to 69 kilograms.

A total of 18 wrestlers from twelve nations competed in the event, which was held from August 25 to 27, 1920.

Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics
At the 1920 Summer Olympics, ten wrestling events were contested, for all men. There were five weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and five classes in Catch as Catch Can, predecessor to freestyle wrestling. The competitions were held from Monday, August 16 to Friday, August 20, 1920 (Greco-Roman) and from Wednesday, August 25 to Friday, August 27, 1920 (freestyle).
DNA-directed RNA interference
DNA-directed RNA interference (ddRNAi) is a gene-silencing technique that utilizes DNA constructs to activate a cell's endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. DNA constructs are designed to express self-complementary double-stranded RNAs, typically short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA), that bring about the silencing of a target gene or genes once processed. Any RNA, including endogenous messenger RNA (mRNAs) or viral RNAs, can be silenced by designing constructs to express double-stranded RNA complementary to the desired mRNA target.

This mechanism has been recently demonstrated to work therapeutically to silence disease-causing genes across a range of disease models, including viral diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and diseases associated with altered expression of endogenous genes such as drug-resistant lung cancer, neuropathic pain, advanced cancer, and retinitis pigmentosa.

Double-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands found in cells. It is similar to DNA but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom. Despite the structural similarities, much less is known about dsRNA.

They form the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). dsRNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as interferon response in vertebrates. In eukaryotes, dsRNA plays a role in the activation of the innate immune system against viral infections.
Roman Baths
Roman baths are thermae.

Historic examples of Roman Baths include:

Aïn Doura Baths, a ruin in Dougga, Tunisia

Għajn Tuffieħa Roman Baths, a ruin in Malta

Roman Baths of Ankara, a ruin in Ankara, Turkey

Roman Baths (Bath), a well-preserved site in England

Roman Baths, Beirut, Lebanon

Roman baths of Toledo, a ruin in Toledo, Spain

Roman Baths Museum, inside the remains of the fortress of Isca Augusta at Caerleon, Wales

Roman Baths, Strand Lane, a cold spring bath near London, reputedly of Roman origin

Roman baths (Amman), Jordan

Thermae Bath Spa, a historic spa with a contemporary spa in Bath, England

Welwyn Roman Baths, a ruin near Welwyn Garden City, England

Roman baths of Gafsa, Tunisia

Roman baths (Amman)
Roman baths were uncovered in downtown Amman, Jordan, during infrastructure works for an underground rainwater drainage system in 2020.

Two Roman statues were found at the site, as well as ceramics from Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad, and Ottoman eras. The ruins were reburied using sand with a high silica content for future excavation due to lack of funds. The findings led to speculation that other ruins of ancient Amman may lie beneath the downtown area.
Iman Barlow
Iman Barlow (born 14 April 1993) is a retired professional English female kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter.

She is the former two time Enfusion 54 kg World champion with six successful title defenses, the former WRSA World champion, former Lion Fight Super Bantamweight champion., and the former WPMF World Bantamweight champion. She has fought Sofia Olofsson for the World Muaythai Council world title.

In May 2020, Combat Press ranked her #3 female fighter in the world, while WBC Muaythai ranked her #3 Super Bantamweight in the world in April 2020.

In 2013 Awakening Fighters voted her Fighter of the Year, Inspirational Fighter of the Year and awarded her the Fight of the Year (vs.  Filipa Correia). In 2019 WBC Muaythai voted her the Female Fighter of the Year.

International Kickboxing Federation
The International Kickboxing Federation (IKF) is a sanctioning body for kickboxing and Muay Thai based in the United States. The IKF sanctions and regulates all aspects of these sports from Semi Contact (IKF Point Kickboxing (IKF/PKB)) to Full Contact in both Amateur and professional levels. The IKF World Headquarters located in Newcastle, California, USA oversees over 2,000 IKF events a year around the world.