hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vector Markup Language
Vector Markup Language (VML) is an obsolete XML-based file format for two-dimensional vector graphics. It was specified in Part 4 of the Office Open XML standards ISO/IEC 29500 and ECMA-376. According to the specification, VML is a deprecated format included in Office Open XML for legacy reasons only.

VML was used extensively in MS Office 2007 Word, Excel and PowerPoint documents. In 2012, with the release of Internet Explorer 10, VML became obsolete and is no longer supported by Internet Explorer standard mode. It is a legacy feature that is available in Internet Explorer 10 only when the browser is set to run in modes that emulate the functionality of previous versions of Internet Explorer 6, 7, 8, and 9.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Being... N-Dubz
Being... N-Dubz is a documentary series detailing the life and times of English hip-hop group N-Dubz. The series was sponsored by Adidas Originals, and broadcast on 4Music and Channel 4 from 21 June 2010 to 18 May 2011. Two seasons of the show were broadcast. The second series focuses on the group as they travel to America to meet with top American producers. The second series premiered on Channel 4 on 13 April 2011. The series was narrated by Loose Women panelist Lynda Bellingham. The first series of the show was released on DVD on 24 September 2012.

Loose Women
Loose Women (known as Live Talk from 2000 to 2001), often abbreviated to LW, is a British talk show that broadcasts on ITV weekdays from 12:30 pm to 1:30 pm. and Virgin Media One in Ireland from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm. The show focuses on a panel of four female presenters who interview celebrities, talk about aspects of their lives, and discuss topical issues ranging from politics and current affairs to celebrity gossip and entertainment news. The 3,000th episode of Loose Women was broadcast on 15 May 2018. The show celebrated its 25th anniversary on 6 September 2024.
No. 23 Squadron RAAF
No. 23 (City of Brisbane) Squadron of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is a non-flying base operations and training squadron headquartered at RAAF Base Amberley near Brisbane, Queensland. The squadron was formed in 1937 and saw action against the Japanese during World War II as a bomber squadron. Operating from Archerfield during the early stages of the war, the squadron undertook maritime patrols off Australia's east coast before converting to a dive-bomber role and taking part in the New Guinea campaign. Later in the war, the squadron converted to Liberator heavy bombers and flew missions against Japanese targets in the Netherlands East Indies. After the war, No. 23 Squadron was used to reform No. 6 Squadron and was then re-raised as a Citizens Air Force unit based in Brisbane. Until 1960, the squadron flew jet fighter aircraft before converting to a ground support role and now forms part of the RAAF's Combat Support Group.

Hawker Hart
The Hawker Hart is a British two-seater biplane light bomber aircraft that saw service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was designed during the 1920s by Sydney Camm and manufactured by Hawker Aircraft. The Hart was a prominent British aircraft in the inter-war period, but was obsolete and already side-lined for newer monoplane aircraft designs by the start of the Second World War, playing only minor roles in the conflict before being retired.

Several major variants of the Hart were developed, including a navalised version for the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers. The Hart was also operated by foreign nations, including Sweden, Yugoslavia, Estonia, South Africa, and Canada.
Yanyuan Subdistrict
Yanyuan Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 燕园庄街道; traditional Chinese: 燕園街道; pinyin: Yànyuán Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Haidian District, Beijing, It borders Qinghuayuan Subdistrict to its northeast, Zhongguancun Subdistrict to its southeast, Wanliu Area and Haidian Subdistrict to its south, and Qinglongqiao Subdistrict to its northwest. In 2020, it had a total population of 29,779.

The subdistrict was established in 1981. It derived its name from its location near the campus of Peking University, formerly known as Yanjing (Yenching) University. Currently it is co-administered by the Government of Haidian District and Peking University.

Zhongguancun Subdistrict
Zhongguancun Subdistrict (Chinese: 中关村街道; pinyin: Zhōngguāncūn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the southeast of Haidian District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Qinghuayuan Subdistrict and Dongsheng Town in the north, Xueyuan Road, Huayuan Road and Beitaipingzhuang Subdistricts in the east, Beixiaguan Subdistrict in the south, Haidian and Yanyuan Subdistricts in the west. It had 130,672 inhabitants in 2020.

During the Ming dynasty, this area was used as a burial ground for eunuchs, thus was given the name Zhongguanfen (Chinese: 中官坟; lit. 'Eunuch Tomb'). Later settlements in this region also use the name Zhongguan, which was changed to Zhongguancun (Chinese: 中关村) in 1949.
Sh 2-4
Sh 2-4 is an emission nebula in the constellation Scorpius. It is part of the Sharpless Catalog assembled by Stewart Sharpless. It was originally misidentified as a planetary nebula. The incorrect planetary designation PN H 2-6 can still be used as an identifier. It may be associated with the star cluster  Havlen-Moffat 1.

Emission nebula
An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths. The most common source of ionization is high-energy ultraviolet photons emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the exposed hot core then ionizing them.
Gemini Hummingbird
The Gemini Hummingbird is a family of American single-seat, twin-engined ultralight aircraft. Designed in 1979 and introduced in 1980, the Hummingbird was created by Ed Sweeney and produced by Gemini International. The aircraft was supplied either assembled and ready to fly, or as a kit for amateur construction.

V-tail
The V-tail or vee-tail (sometimes called a butterfly tail or Rudlicki's V-tail) of an aircraft is an unconventional arrangement of the tail control surfaces that replaces the traditional vertical and horizontal surfaces with two surfaces set in a V-shaped configuration. It is not widely used in aircraft design. The aft edge of each twin surface is a hinged control surface called a ruddervator, which combines the functions of both a rudder and elevator.
Van Eyck
Van Eyck or Van Eijk (pronounced [vɑn ˈɛik]) is a Dutch toponymic surname. Eijck, Eyck, Eyk and Eijk are all archaic spellings of modern Dutch eik ("oak") and the surname literally translates as "from/of oak". However, in most cases, the family name refers to an origin in Maaseik. This city on the Meuse, now in Belgium on the border with the Netherlands, was originally simply known as Eike (with many spellings) and from the 13th century as Old Eyck and New Eyck. Names with an affix (tussenvoegsel), like Van der Eijk, are more likely to refer directly to the tree. This article lists people with this surname.

Tussenvoegsel
In a Dutch name, a tussenvoegsel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtʏsə(ɱ)ˌvuxsəl] ⓘ; lit. 'intersertion'  or 'that which is interserted') is a family name affix positioned between a person's given name and the main part of their family name. There are similar concepts in many languages, such as Celtic family name prefixes, French particles, and the German von.

The most common tussenvoegsels are van, e.g. Vincent van Gogh meaning "from"; and de, e.g. Greg de Vries, meaning "the". A tussenvoegsel forms an integral part of one's surname; it distinguishes it from similar Dutch surnames, e.g. Jan de Boer compared to Albert Boer; Frits de Kok compared to Wim Kok.
2017 Open Castilla y León
The 2017 Open Castilla y León was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 32nd edition, for men, and 3rd edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in El Espinar, Segovia, Spain, between 31 July – 6 August 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Junee Shire
The Junee Shire is a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire comprises an area of 2,030 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and is located adjacent to the Olympic Highway and the Main South railway line. It was formed on 1 January 1981 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Junee and Illabo Shire resulting from the Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980.

The Shire includes the town of Junee and the small towns of Bethungra, Illabo, Wantabadgery, Harefield, Old Junee, Junee Reefs, Dirnaseer and Eurongilly.

The mayor of Junee Shire is Cr. Neil Smith, an independent politician.

Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980
The Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980 (NSW) was an Act of the Parliament of New South Wales, which amended the Local Government Act 1919, with the purpose of amalgamating a series of local government areas in New South Wales. The amalgamations took effect from 1 January 1981.
No Sound Without Silence
No Sound Without Silence is the fourth studio album by Irish pop rock band the Script. The album was released by Columbia Records on 12 September 2014 in Ireland and other Friday-release countries and on 15 September 2014 in the United Kingdom. The album is the band's first full-length release under Columbia, after releasing their previous three studio albums under Phonogenic Records in Europe and Epic Records in the United States.

Largely recorded aboard the band's tour bus during the length of the 3 World Tour through 2012 and 2013, the album has been described as a "prequel" to the band's eponymous debut album, recorded with the ideology of creating an album better than what they had previously recorded. The album is preceded by "Superheroes", released as the lead single promoting the album on 22 July 2014.

3 (The Script album)
#3 is the third studio album released by Irish pop rock trio, the Script. The album was released in Ireland on 7 September 2012, in the United Kingdom on 10 September and in the United States on 9 October. The album was preceded by the release of the single "Hall of Fame", a duet with will.i.am, who was, at the time, lead singer Danny O'Donoghue's co-judge on The Voice UK. The album reached number one in Ireland, number two in the UK, and number 13 in the US, but received generally unfavourable reviews.
1974 WCT World Doubles
The 1974 WCT World Doubles, also known by its sponsored name Rothman's World Doubles Championship, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Maurice Richard Arena in Montreal, Canada that was part of the 1974 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the tour finals for the doubles season of the WCT Tour and featured the eight top-ranking teams. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from May 2 through May 5, 1974. The South African team of Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan won the title and earned $40,000 first-prize money.

1974 World Championship Tennis circuit
The 1974 World Championship Tennis (WCT) circuit was one of the two rival professional male tennis circuits of 1974, the other being the Grand Prix circuit. It was organized by World Championship Tennis (WCT). It was the fourth edition of the WCT circuit and a total of 84 players participated. All players took part in the opening U.S. Pro Indoor tournament in Philadelphia and afterwards were divided into three groups (red, blue and green) of 28 players, with each group playing eight further tournaments.

The season final was played in Dallas by the eight best performers, the top two of each group plus the next two highest point winners, and was won by Australian John Newcombe who defeated Björn Borg from Sweden in four sets, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–2. Newcombe ended the season as prize money and points leader.
Band I
Band I is a range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first time there was defined "for simplicity" in Annex 1 of "Final acts of the European Broadcasting Conference in the VHF and UHF bands - Stockholm, 1961". Band I ranges from 47 to 68 MHz for the European Broadcasting Area, and from 54 to 88 MHz for the Americas and it is primarily used for television broadcasting in compliance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1.38). With the transition to digital TV, most Band I transmitters have already been switched off.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Suhail Al Mazroui
Suhail Mohammed Faraj Al Mazroui (Arabic: سهيل محمد فرج المزروعي; born 3 July 1973) is an Emirati businessman and politician, who has been serving as the minister of energy in the United Arab Emirates since March 2013.

Mubadala Investment Company
Mubadala Investment Company PJSC (Arabic: شركة مبادلة للاستثمار), or simply Mubadala, is a state-owned global investment firm that acts as one of the sovereign wealth funds of the government of Abu Dhabi. The company was established in 2017 when then-named Mubadala Development Company (now Mamoura Diversified Global Holding) and the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) merged. Headquartered in Abu Dhabi, Mubadala also has offices in London, Rio de Janeiro, New York, San Francisco and Beijing.
Tovex
Tovex (also known as Trenchrite, Seismogel, and Seismopac) is a water-gel explosive composed of ammonium nitrate and methylammonium nitrate that has several advantages over traditional dynamite, including lower toxicity and safer manufacture, transport, and storage. It has thus almost entirely replaced dynamite.
There are numerous versions ranging from shearing charges to aluminized common blasting agents. Tovex is used by 80% of international oil companies for seismic exploration.

Water gel explosive
A water-gel explosive is a fuel-sensitized explosive mixture consisting of an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution that acts as the oxidizer.  Water gels that are cap-insensitive are referred to under United States safety regulations as blasting agents. Water gel explosives have a jelly-like consistency and come in sausage-like packing stapled shut on both sides.

Water-gel explosives have almost completely displaced dynamite, becoming the most-used civil blasting agents.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong
The existing Hong Kong honours system was created after the transfer of government of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China as a special administrative region in 1997. Before that, Hong Kong was a British dependent territory and followed the British honours system.

The Hong Kong SAR government releases an annual Honours List, which is published in the Government Gazette on Establishment Day (1 July).

King's Commendation for Bravery
The King's Commendation for Bravery and the King's Commendation for Bravery in the Air are United Kingdom awards, open to both military personnel and civilians. They were established in 1994, when the award of the Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct and the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air were discontinued.
Vector-valued function
A vector-valued function, also referred to as a vector function, is a mathematical function of one or more variables whose range is a set of multidimensional vectors or infinite-dimensional vectors. The input of a vector-valued function could be a scalar or a vector (that is, the dimension of the domain could be 1 or greater than 1); the dimension of the function's domain has no relation to the dimension of its range.

Position (geometry)
In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents a point P in space. Its length represents the distance in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O, and its direction represents the angular orientation with respect to given reference axes. Usually denoted x, r, or s, it corresponds to the straight line segment from O to P.
In other words, it is the displacement or translation that maps the origin to P:

The term position vector is used mostly in the fields of differential geometry, mechanics and occasionally vector calculus.
Frequently this is used in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space, but can be easily generalized to Euclidean spaces and affine spaces of any dimension.
Rajkot district
Rajkot district is one of the 33 districts of the Indian state of Gujarat. Located in Saurashtra peninsula, Rajkot city is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is the third-most advanced and the fourth-most populous district in Gujarat.

This district is surrounded by Morbi district in north, Surendranagar and Botad districts in east, Amreli and Junagadh districts in south and Porbandar and Jamnagar districts in west. The district occupies an area of 11203 km2.

Jamnagar district
Jamnagar district is a district of Gujarat in Western India. Its headquarters are located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar. It hosts the production facilities of large Indian companies such as Reliance. Among its attractions are several palaces, a Marine National Park and a Bird Sanctuary, known as Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary. In 2013, Devbhoomi Dwarka district was carved out of the western part of the district.

India's largest private company, Reliance Industries is developing world's largest zoo near by 28 kms from Jamnagar city. In Jamnagar, the company is also setting up biggest gigafactory, the biggest solar energy, the world's artificial intelligence infrastructure and Vantara (large-scale wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centre).

Jamnagar Municipal Corporation is planning to develop a riverfront on Rangmati – Nagmati river which costs around 500 crore (5 billion) INR.
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan
The Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan (Japanese: カトリック中央協議会, Hepburn: Katorikku Chūo Kyōgikai), also abbreviated as the CBCJ,  is the Catholic episcopal conference of Japan, representing predominantly the members of the Latin Japanese Catholic Church. It was founded as the Nippon Tenshu Kokyo Kyodan (The Japanese Catholic Religious Body). After the implementation and execution of the Religious Corporations Act, the body was renamed the CBCJ, becoming a religious corporation as classified under Japanese law.

As specified in Canons 447 - 459 of the Code of Canon Law, the main purpose of the organisation is to deliberate on matters concerning the Japanese Catholic Church and to encourage active practice of the Catholic faith and ministries.

The head office of the corporation is located in Kōtō, Tokyo.

Kōtō
Kōtō (江東区, Kōtō-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is known as Kōtō City in English. As of May 1, 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 543,730, and a population density of 12,648/km2 (32,760/sq mi). The total area is 42.99 km2 (16.60 sq mi).

Kōtō is east of the Tokyo metropolitan center, bounded by the Sumida River to the west and the Arakawa River to the east. Its major districts include Kameido, Kiba, Kiyosumi, Monzen-nakachō, Shirakawa, and Toyosu. The waterfront area of Ariake is in Kōtō, as is part of Odaiba, Ojima.
Sakir-Har
Sakir-Har (Śkr-hr; Seker-Har) was a Hyksos king of the early Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling over some part of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, possibly in the early 16th century BC.

Manfred Bietak
Manfred Bietak (born in Vienna, 6 October 1940) is an Austrian archaeologist. He is professor emeritus of Egyptology at the University of Vienna, working as the principal investigator for an ERC Advanced Grant Project "The Hyksos Enigma" and the founder and editor-in-chief of the 1990 journal Ägypten und Levante (Egypt and the Levant) and of four series of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental and European Archaeology (2016–2020).
February 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 19 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 21

All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 5 (March 4 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 20th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 7.

Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra or Kyievo-Pecherska Lavra (Ukrainian: Києво-Печерська лавра), also known as the Kyiv Monastery of the Caves, is a historic lavra or large monastery of Eastern Christianity that gave its name to the Pecherskyi District where it is located in Kyiv.

Since its foundation as the cave monastery in 1051, the Lavra has been a preeminent center of Eastern Christianity in Eastern Europe.
Hölder's theorem
In mathematics, Hölder's theorem states that the gamma function does not satisfy any algebraic differential equation whose coefficients are rational functions. This result was first proved by Otto Hölder in 1887; several alternative proofs have subsequently been found.

The theorem also generalizes to the -gamma function.

Q-gamma function
In q-analog theory, the -gamma function, or basic gamma function, is a generalization of the ordinary gamma function closely related to the double gamma function. It was introduced by Jackson (1905). It is given by

when , and

if . Here  is the infinite -Pochhammer symbol. The -gamma function satisfies the functional equation

In addition, the -gamma function satisfies the q-analog of the Bohr–Mollerup theorem, which was found by Richard Askey (Askey (1978)).

For non-negative integers ,

where  is the -factorial function. Thus the -gamma function can be considered as an extension of the -factorial function to the real numbers.

The relation to the ordinary gamma function is made explicit in the limit

There is a simple proof of this limit by Gosper. See the appendix of (Andrews (1986)).
Mohd Husaimi Hussin
Mohd Husaimi bin Hussin (born 28 May 1974) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar and Member Mohd Nurkhuzaini Ab Rahman as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Hulu Besut since August 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition.

Mohd Nurkhuzaini Ab Rahman
Mohd Nurkhuzaini bin Ab Rahman (born 16 September 1971) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kota Putera since May 2018. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the PN coalition.