hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cossack raids
The Cossack raids largely developed as a reaction to the Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, which began in 1441 and lasted until 1774. From c. 1492 onwards, the Cossacks (the Zaporozhian Cossacks of southern Ukraine and the Don Cossacks of southern Russia) conducted regular military offensives into the lands of the Crimean Khanate, the Nogai Horde, and the Ottoman Empire, where they would free enslaved Christians and return home with a significant amount of plunder and Muslim slaves. Unlike the Tatars, Cossack raiders were capable of capturing and devastating highly fortified cities. Though difficult to calculate, the level of devastation caused by the Cossack raids is roughly estimated to have been on par with that of the Crimean–Nogai slave raids. According to History of Ruthenians, Cossack raids during Sirko's era were a hundred times more devastating than Crimean–Nogai raids.

Evliya Çelebi
Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman Turkish explorer who travelled through his home country during its cultural zenith as well as neighboring lands. He travelled for over 40 years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyahatnâme ("Book of Travel"). The name Çelebi is an honorific meaning "gentleman" or "man of God".
Versatile Real-Time Executive
Versatile Real-Time Executive (VRTX) is a real-time operating system (RTOS) developed and marketed by the company Mentor Graphics. VRTX is suitable for both traditional board-based embedded systems and system on a chip (SoC) architectures. It has been superseded by the Nucleus RTOS.

Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.
2006 Masters Tournament
The 2006 Masters Tournament was the 70th Masters Tournament, played April 6–9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Prior to the tournament, the course was lengthened by 155 yards (142 m) to 7,445 yards (6,808 m), up from 7,290 yards (6,666 m) in 2005.  Phil Mickelson won the second of his three Masters and second consecutive major with a 281 (−7), two strokes ahead of runner-up Tim Clark. The purse was $7 million and the winner's share was $1.26 million.

This was the final Masters appearance for three-time champion Nick Faldo.

Edoardo Molinari
Edoardo Molinari (born 11 February 1981) is an Italian professional golfer who plays on the European Tour, where he is a three-time winner. He was also the 2005 U.S. Amateur champion; 2009 Challenge Tour Rankings leader; winner, with his brother Francesco, of the 2009 World Cup; and a member of the 2010 European Ryder Cup winning team. He has won professional tournaments on four of the  six continents on which golf is played: Europe, South America, Africa and Asia. He was a vice-captain for the 2023 Ryder Cup in Marco Simone, Italy.
Black tin
Black tin is the raw ore of tin, usually cassiterite, as sold by a tin mine to a smelting company.  After mining, the ore must be concentrated by several processes to reduce the amount of gangue it contains before it can be sold. It contrasts with white tin, which is the refined, metallic tin produced after smelting.

The term "black tin" was historically associated with tin mining in Devon and Cornwall.

Cassiterite
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2.  It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains the most important source of tin today.
Rita Bludau
Rita Bludau (née Schmidt and then Schmidt-Köppen; born 27 January 1942) is a retired German rower and successful rowing coach.

As Rita Schmidt, she who won three gold and one silver medals in the double scull at the European championships between 1968 and 1971, together with Gisela Jäger. She also won a bronze medal in this event at the 1974 World Championships, together with Gisela Medefindt.

As Rita Bludau, she was one of the most successful rowing coaches in East Germany. Working at SC Berlin, she coached Jana Sorgers, Jutta Behrendt and Sybille Schmidt to Olympic gold or world championship titles.

Sybille Schmidt
Sybille Schmidt (born 31 August 1967 in Apolda) is a German rower who competed for the SC Dynamo Berlin / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo. She won a gold medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and 3 Gold Medals in the World Championships, beginning with 1989 in Bled, Slovenia for the former East Germany.
Suzanne Camelia-Römer
Susanne Camelia-Römer, officially Suzy F.C. Camelia-Römer (born 4 January 1959) is a Curaçao politician of the National People's Party (PNP) and a lawyer. She served two times as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles in 25 November 1993 – 28 December 1993 (1st time ad interim) and 14 May 1998 – 8 November 1999 (2nd time). She was also Minister of Justice from 1992–1994 and Minister of National Recovery and Economic Affairs from 1999–2002. As of March 2016 she is the Minister for Traffic, Transport and Urban Planning of Curaçao. She kept this position in the Hensley Koeiman cabinet which was installed on 23 December 2016.

Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles
Below is a list of prime ministers of the Netherlands Antilles from 1951 to 2010. In 2010 the position of Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles was abolished, together with the dissolution of the country itself.
Leonard Ashton
Leonard James Ashton, CB, QHC (27 June 1915 – 19 January 2001) was an English Anglican bishop and military chaplain. He was the inaugural Bishop in Cyprus and the Gulf, serving from 1976 to 1983. He had previously spent most of his ordained ministry serving in the Chaplains Branch of the Royal Air Force, and rose to become its Chaplain-in-Chief (1969 to 1973).

Honorary Chaplain to the King
An Honorary Chaplain to the King is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who, through long and distinguished service, is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom. When the reigning monarch is female, Honorary Chaplains are known as Honorary Chaplains to the Queen. As of 2008 there are 33 appointees.  They are also known as Honorary Chaplains to the Sovereign.

Honorary Chaplains wear a scarlet cassock and a special bronze badge consisting of the royal cypher and crown within an oval wreath. The badge is worn below medal ribbons or miniature medals during the conduct of religious services on the left side of the scarf by chaplains who wear the scarf and on academic or ordinary clerical dress by other chaplains.

Ten ministers of the Church of Scotland are appointed as Chaplains to the King in Scotland.

The monarch may also, as circumstances dictate, appoint extra chaplains.
Vincent Ribeton
Vincent Ribeton is a French Roman Catholic priest of the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter (FSSP) and current rector of the International Seminary of St. Peter in Wigratzbad, Germany.  He previously served as district superior of France for the FSSP from 2006 to 2015.

A Frenchman from the Basque Country, Ribeton holds a notarial master in history of law and studied theology at the International Seminary of St. Peter in Wigratzbad, where he is now rector.  He also studied at L'Institut Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (ISTA) in Toulouse, France. In France he exerted pastoral ministries in Saint-Etienne and later as hospital chaplain in Toulouse. He also served as chaplain of the community of faithful entrusted to the Fraternity in Clermont, Landes by the bishop of Aire-et-Dax from 2004 until assuming his post as district superior.

Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
The Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (Latin: Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri; FSSP) is a traditionalist Catholic society of apostolic life for priests and seminarians. It is in communion with the Holy See. It was founded in 1988 by 12 former members of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) who left following the Écône consecrations, which resulted in the SSPX bishops being excommunicated by the Holy See.

Headquartered in Switzerland, the society maintains two international seminaries: the International Seminary of St. Peter in Wigratzbad-Opfenbach, Bavaria, Germany, and Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary in Denton, Nebraska, United States. The society is officially recognized by the Holy See and has 368 priests who celebrate the Tridentine Mass in locations in 147 worldwide dioceses.
Mougins Museum of Classical Art
The MACM, the Mougins Museum of Classical Art (Musée d’Art Classique de Mougins) was a private museum inaugurated in June 2011 in the village of Mougins in the Alpes-Maritimes department, France. In August 2023, the MACAM closed to make way for a new museum, the Female Artists of Mougins Museum (FAMM), which opened in June 2024.

The museum's director was Leisa Paoli.

Marc Quinn
Marc Quinn (born 8 January 1964) is a British contemporary visual artist whose work includes sculpture, installation, and painting. Quinn explores "what it is to be human in the world today" through subjects including the body, genetics, identity, environment, and the media. His work has used materials that vary widely, from blood, bread and flowers, to marble and stainless steel. Quinn has been the subject of solo exhibitions at Sir John Soane's Museum, the Tate Gallery, National Portrait Gallery, Fondation Beyeler, Fondazione Prada, and South London Gallery. The artist was a notable member of the Young British Artists movement.

Quinn exhibits internationally. He was awarded the commission for the first edition of the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square in 2004, for which he exhibited Alison Lapper Pregnant. Quinn's frozen self-portrait series made of his own blood, Self (1991–present) was subject to a retrospective at Fondation Beyeler in 2009.

Quinn lives and works in London.
Sandemar Castle
Sandemar Castle is a 17th-century castle in Sweden. It is owned by Karin Mattson Nordin, daughter of the real estate developer John Mattson.

It is located in Sandemar in Österhaninge parish and Haninge municipality on Södertörn. The castle is located on the old route Dalarövägen, about three kilometers west of Dalarö and was built in 1670s. Sandemar is one of the very few Carolingian castles that are well preserved, it still functions as a private residence.

Haninge Municipality
Haninge Municipality (Swedish: Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area.

Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when Västerhaninge and Österhaninge were united.

The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived (the German word hahn means capercaillie), while the anchor symbolizes the naval base in the municipality. The German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area.
Kasaï Province
Kasaï is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning.  Kasaï and Kasaï-Central provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Kasaï-Occidental province.  Kasaï was formed from the Kasaï district and the independently administered city of Tshikapa which became the capital of the new province.

There are 5 administrative territories within the province, which include:

Dekese

Ilebo

Kamonia (Tshikapa)

Luebo

Mweka

Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Article 2 of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo divides the country into the capital city of Kinshasa and 25 named provinces. It also gives the capital the status of a province.  Therefore, in many contexts Kinshasa is regarded as the 26th province.
Eric O'Flaherty
Eric George O'Flaherty (born February 5, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Atlanta Braves, Oakland Athletics, and New York Mets.

O'Flaherty was the first reliever in MLB history to record an earned run average below 1.00 with at least 70 appearances in a season, and was the first pitcher in Mariners franchise history to begin his MLB career with seven consecutive wins.

Tacoma Rainiers
The Tacoma Rainiers are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners. They are located in Tacoma, Washington, and play their home games at Cheney Stadium, which opened in 1960. Tacoma has competed in the PCL since 1960, including the 2021 season when it was known as the Triple-A West. The team operated under several monikers before becoming the Rainiers in 1995.

Tacoma has won the PCL championship six times (1961, 1969, 1978, 2001, 2010, and 2021).
Area code 865
Area code 865 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) serving Knoxville, Tennessee, and the nine surrounding counties (Anderson, Blount, Grainger, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, Roane, Sevier, and Union) in central East Tennessee. The area incorporates most of the region defined as the Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette Combined Statistical Area.

Cities in the numbering plan area include Knoxville, Alcoa, Bean Station, Clinton, Gatlinburg, Harriman, Jefferson City, Kingston, Lenoir City, Maryville, Maynardville, Norris, Oak Ridge, Pigeon Forge, Plainview, Rockwood, Rutledge, Sevierville and Townsend.

Norris, Tennessee
Norris is a city in Anderson County, Tennessee. Its population was 1,599 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Knoxville, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Norris was built as a model planned community by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933 to house workers building Norris Dam on the Clinch River. It is named in honor of George W. Norris, a Senator from Nebraska, who was a long-term supporter of the TVA.
GSDMD
Gasdermin D (GSDMD, from combination of gastro and dermato, referencing the locations where its family of proteins were originally found to be primarily expressed) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GSDMD gene on chromosome 8.
It belongs to the gasdermin family which is conserved among vertebrates and comprises six members in humans, GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME (DFNA5) and DFNB59 (Pejvakin). Members of the gasdermin family are expressed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells and immune cells. GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD and GSDME have been suggested to act as tumour suppressors.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is enriched at the plasma membrane where it is a substrate for a number of important signaling proteins. PIP2 also forms lipid clusters that sort proteins.

PIP2 is formed primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases from PI(4)P. In metazoans, PIP2 can also be formed by type II phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases from PI(5)P.

The fatty acids of PIP2 are variable in different species and tissues, but the most common fatty acids are stearic in position 1 and arachidonic in 2.
Yarraberb
Yarraberb is a locality in north central Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Loddon, 209 kilometres (130 mi) north west of the state capital, Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Yarraberb had a population of 23.

Shire of Loddon
The Shire of Loddon is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the northern part of the state. It covers an area of 6,696 square kilometres (2,585 sq mi) and in 2021 had a population of 7,759. It includes the towns of Inglewood, Boort, Serpentine, Pyramid Hill and Wedderburn.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Loddon Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Wedderburn. There is also a service centre located in Serpentine. The Shire is named after the Loddon River, a major geographical feature that meanders through the LGA.
Harvey Malaiholo
Harvey Benjamin Malaihollo (born May 3, 1962) is an Indonesian actor, singer and politician of Ambon, Maluku descent. He is an interim replacement member of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) who served from 2022 to 2024 from the electoral district of West Papua.

World Popular Song Festival
The World Popular Song Festival (世界歌謡祭, Sekai Kayōsai), also known as Yamaha Music Festival and unofficially as the "Oriental Eurovision", was an international song contest held from 1970 until 1989. It was organised by the Yamaha Music Foundation in Tokyo, Japan. The first edition of the World Popular Song Festival (WPSF) took place on 20, 21 and 22 November 1970 with 37 participating countries from all continents. The concert was cancelled in 1988 due to the illness of the Shōwa Emperor; the final year was a charity concert for UNICEF, after which the contest was formally ended.
Ngalu Tau
Ngalusele Taufo'ou (born 15 January 1969), known as Ngalu Tau, is a Tongan former international rugby union player.

Born in Haʻapai, Tau gained 23 caps as a prop for the national team from 1996 to 2000. He started all three of Tonga's pool matches at the 1999 Rugby World Cup. His tournament ended early when was red carded at Twickenham for running in and striking England's Richard Hill during a melee, for which he also received a 28-day suspension.

Tau had a brief stint with New Zealand provincial sides South Canterbury and Auckland in the late 1990s, before plying his trade in the United Kingdom. He played for Welsh club Pontypridd from 1998 to 2001, then made 168 appearances for Doncaster and finished his career with Birmingham & Solihull, where he was still playing into his 40s.

Richard Hill (rugby union, born 1973)
Richard Anthony Hill MBE (born 23 May 1973) is a former rugby union footballer who played as a flanker for Saracens and England.

He won 71 caps for England, and 5 for the British, later British & Irish, Lions. He was part of the England team that won the 2003 Rugby World Cup.

He has a namesake, Richard John Hill, who played for England at scrum half between 1984 and 1992.
Lewis Williams (real tennis)
Lewis Williams (born 8 September 1994) is a British professional real tennis player, currently the head professional at the Leamington Tennis Court Club. He is currently ranked tenth in the world at singles and eleventh in the world at doubles. His most notable result was reaching the semi-finals at the 2023 and 2026 Australian Opens, as well as three career doubles semi-finals.

Ben Taylor-Matthews
Ben Taylor-Matthews (born 27 July 1984) is a professional British Real Tennis player based at Bristol Real Tennis Club. His career high ranking is world number 4, and his current ranking is 5. To date, he is yet to win a major singles title but has contested two Australian Open finals, as well as an IRTPA Championships final, plus four Champions Trophy finals. He unsuccessfully challenged for the World Championship on three occasions, most recently in 2023. He is due to challenge again for the World Championship in 2025.
2017 New Jersey helicopter crash
On 8 September 2017, a Schweizer 269C helicopter crashed after an uncontrolled descent during a power-off landing attempt at the Flying W Airport in Medford, New Jersey, United States. The aircraft had experienced engine trouble during a local sightseeing flight for the benefit of passenger Troy Gentry, cofounder and member of American country music duo Montgomery Gentry, which was scheduled to perform at a resort at the airport later that day. The pilot died at the scene; Gentry was pronounced dead after being taken to a hospital.

Helicopter rotor
On a helicopter, the main rotor or rotor system is the combination of several rotary wings (rotor blades) with a control system, that generates the aerodynamic lift force that supports the weight of the helicopter, and the thrust that counteracts aerodynamic drag in forward flight. Each main rotor is mounted on a vertical mast over the top of the helicopter, as opposed to a helicopter tail rotor, which connects through a combination of drive shaft(s) and gearboxes along the tail boom. The blade pitch is typically controlled by the pilot using the helicopter flight controls. Helicopters are one example of rotary-wing aircraft (rotorcraft). The name is derived from the Greek words helix, helik-, meaning spiral; and pteron meaning wing.
Dave Dashaway
Dave Dashaway was a series of juvenile aviation novels written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Weldon J. Cobb, using the pseudonym of Roy Rockwood. The series was published by Cupples & Leon from 1913 to 1915. The hardback books had a picture printed onto the  front cover, plus a black and white frontispiece illustration.

Advertising shows that the series was being sold until at least 1935.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
Šafařík (crater)
Šafařík is a small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies due north of the crater Tiselius and to the east-southeast of Sharonov. This is a worn and eroded crater with smaller impacts along the rim to the east and northwest. The remainder of the worn rim and the interior are relatively featureless.

The crater was named by the IAU in 1970.

The crater lies within the Freundlich-Sharonov Basin.

Sharonov (lunar crater)
Sharonov is a lunar impact crater that lies on the Moon's far side. It is located to the southeast of the crater Anderson, and to the southwest of the ray-covered Virtanen. To the south-southeast of Sharonov lies Valier.

This crater is roughly circular, with a slight outward bulge along the southern rim. The rim edge is well-defined and has not been significantly degraded as a result of impact erosion. Sharonov partially overlays the smaller crater Sharonov X along the northwestern rim, which in turn connects to the southeastern outer rim of Anderson. The inner walls of Sharonov display some terraces, especially along the northern half. The interior is not marked by any significant impacts, but there are some ridges near the midpoint.

Sharonov is probably part of the Eratosthenian System, but may be part of the Upper Imbrian System.

The crater lies within the Freundlich-Sharonov Basin.
2015 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open
The 2015 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open was a professional tennis tournament that took place on outdoor hard courts. It was the 11th edition, for men, and 14th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $100,000, for men, and $100,000, for women, in prize money. It took place in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada between August 17 to August 23, 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.