hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1901 AAA Championships
The 1901 AAA Championships was the 1901 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held on Saturday 6 July 1901 at the Fartown Ground in Huddersfield, England.

A new event was added to the Championships when the 2 miles walk was introduced. This also resulted in the 4 miles walk reverting to the distance of 7 miles (which was held previously from 1866 until 1893).

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
2013 Città di Como Challenger
The 2013 Città di Como Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Como, Italy between 26 August and 1 September 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Topological property
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a topological property or topological invariant is a property of a topological space that is invariant under homeomorphisms. Alternatively, a topological property is a proper class of topological spaces which is closed under homeomorphisms. That is, a property of spaces is a topological property if whenever a space X possesses that property every space homeomorphic to X possesses that property. Informally, a topological property is a property of the space that can be expressed using open sets.

A common problem in topology is to decide whether two topological spaces are homeomorphic or not. To prove that two spaces are not homeomorphic, it is sufficient to find a topological property which is not shared by them.

Separated sets
In topology and related branches of mathematics, separated sets are pairs of subsets of a given topological space that are related to each other in a certain way: roughly speaking, neither overlapping nor touching.  The notion of when two sets are separated or not is important both to the notion of connected spaces (and their connected components) as well as to the separation axioms for topological spaces.

Separated sets should not be confused with separated spaces (defined below), which are somewhat related but different.  Separable spaces are again a completely different topological concept.
Industrial Electronic Engineers
Industrial Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEE; sometimes spelled Industrial Electronics Engineers) is an American electronics company based in Van Nuys, California. Founded by Donald Gumpertz in 1946, the company is best known for its electronic displays, becoming a pioneer in the field under Gumpertz's leadership.

Van Nuys
Van Nuys (/væn ˈnaɪz/ ⓘ van NYZE) is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, United States. Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building, it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley.
Tony Knowles (snooker player)
Anthony Knowles (born 13 June 1955) is an English former professional snooker player. He won the 1982 International Open and the 1983 Professional Players Tournament, and was a three times semi-finalist in the World Professional Snooker Championship in the 1980s. His highest world ranking was second, in the 1984/85 season.

Knowles was the British under-19 snooker champion in 1972 and 1974. He turned professional in 1980, and surprisingly defeated the defending champion Steve Davis 10–1 in the first round of the 1982 World Snooker Championship. In 1984, tabloid stories about his personal life were published, and he was fined £5,000 by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association for bringing the game into disrepute. His other tournament victories included the 1984 Australian Masters and, as part of the England team with Davis and Tony Meo, the 1983 World Team Classic.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Taiga Semikawa
Taiga Semikawa (Japanese: 蟬川 泰果, born 11 January 2001) is a Japanese professional golfer. He had a very successful amateur career where he won twice on the Japan Golf Tour and became number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking.

2022 Eisenhower Trophy
The 2022 Eisenhower Trophy took place 31 August – 3 September at Le Golf National and Golf de Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche south-west of Paris, France. It was the 32nd World Amateur Team Championship for the Eisenhower Trophy.

Defending champion was team Denmark.
1995 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1995 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 95th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The championship ran from 10 June to 8 October 1995.

Austin Stacks entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Spa-Gneeveguilla in the second round.

The final was played on 8 October 1995 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Laune Rangers and East Kerry, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Laune Rangers won the match by 1-07 to 0-06 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a first title in two years.

East Kerry's Paud O'Donoghue was the championship's top scorer with 0-20.

1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board.

On 26 May 1889, Laune Rangers won the championship following a 0–06 to 0–03 defeat of Dr. Crokes in the final at the Kerry County Athletic Club grounds.
2024 North Carolina Council of State elections
Elections were held in North Carolina were held on November 5, 2024, to select the ten officers of the North Carolina Council of State. These elections coincided with the presidential election, elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the North Carolina General Assembly and top state courts. Primary elections took place on March 5, 2024, for offices for which more than one candidate filed per party.

The ten members of the North Carolina Council of State are statewide-elected officers serving four-year terms.

The November general election had mixed results for both parties. The Republican Party picked up the office of State Auditor while maintaining control of the offices of State Treasurer, Agriculture Commissioner, Labor Commissioner, and Insurance Commissioner. In contrast, the Democrats held the offices of Attorney General, Governor, and Secretary of State, while also flipping the offices of Lieutenant Governor and Superintendent of Public Instruction.

2024 North Carolina Secretary of State election
The 2024 North Carolina Secretary of State election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect the secretary of state of North Carolina, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Secretary of State Elaine Marshall won re-election to an eighth term in office. This was the only Democratic-held secretary of state held up for election in 2024 in a state Donald Trump won in 2020. Primary elections took place on March 5, 2024.
Bookmarks bar
The Bookmarks bar (also known as the Favorites bar in Microsoft Edge and Internet Explorer) is a graphical user interface GUI element that features in a number of modern web browsers, including Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome, and serves as a means of persistently presenting a user's most necessary Web bookmarks. Folders of bookmarks (and, in the case of Firefox, live bookmarks of web feeds) are represented in a bookmark bar as drop-down lists which display the titles and (if the site was already visited and cached) favicons of bookmarked websites. Positioned directly beneath the address bar by default, it allows users to store, organize, and retrieve bookmarks with minimal effort.

ChromeOS
ChromeOS (sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS) is a proprietary operating system designed and developed by Google. It is derived from the open-source ChromiumOS operating system (which itself is derived from Gentoo Linux), and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.

Google announced the project in July 2009, initially describing it as an operating system where applications and user data would reside in the cloud. ChromeOS was used primarily to run web applications. The operating system first shipped with Chromebooks in 2011. It is also offered since 2020 as an installable Linux distribution as ChromeOS Flex.

ChromeOS supports progressive web applications, Android apps from Google Play and Linux applications.

In 2025, Google announced that ChromeOS will be merged into Android as part of a project called AluminiumOS, with the new project using the Android kernel rather than the older "vanilla" Linux kernel based on Gentoo.
NGC 4189
NGC 4189 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2,432±24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 117.0 ± 8.3 Mly (35.88 ± 2.54 Mpc). However, 20 non-redshift measurements give a closer mean distance of 97.63 ± 4.63 Mly (29.935 ± 1.419 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 8 April 1784. It was also observed by German astronomer Arnold Schwassmann on 16 November 1900, and added to the Index Catalogue as IC 3050.

NGC 4189 has a possible active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
VTi Engine
The VTi (Variable Valve Lift and Timing injection) Engine is a variable valve timing (VVT) system for Prince engine created by PSA (Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles) and Mini from the BMW Group.

The two variants are a 1.4-liter, 95 bhp (71 kW) engine and a 1.6-liter, 115 bhp (86 kW) engine. Peugeot claims these engines have the capability to reduce fuel consumption on a Peugeot 307 by more than 10% when compared to the 1.6-liter, 100 bhp (75 kW) engine.

DS Automobiles
DS Automobiles is a French luxury-premium marque created in 2009. Formerly part of Automobiles Citroën S.A., DS has been a standalone brand ultimately owned by PSA Group, later Stellantis. The independent DS marque was created in 2014 from the former DS subbrand and line of models of Citroën cars made since 2009, although it had been separated from Citroën in Asia since 2012.

The name DS is considered a nod to the classic executive car Citroën DS. The name is also a play on words, as in French it is pronounced like the word déesse, meaning "goddess".
Putfile
Putfile was a free file hosting service started in January 2004 that provided video and photo hosting services. It was originally owned by Putfile Limited in Godalming, Surrey, England, and on February 6, 2007, it was purchased by ZVUE Corporation, an internet media company.

File-hosting service
A file-hosting service, also known as cloud-storage service, online file-storage provider, or cyberlocker, is an internet hosting service specifically designed to host user files. These services allow users to upload files that can be accessed over the internet after providing a username and password or other authentication. Typically, file hosting services allow HTTP access, and in some cases, FTP access. Other related services include content-displaying hosting services (i.e. video and image), virtual storage, and remote backup solutions.
Moola Narayana Swamy
Moola Narayana Swamy (c. 1912 – 20 August 1950) was an Indian businessman and film producer known for his works in Telugu cinema. He owned several businesses such as Rayalaseema Bank, Rayalaseema Textiles, Cuddapah Ceramics, Cuddapah Electric Company, oil mills, milk co-operative societies, arrack contracting, market yards. He was also known by the moniker Andhra Birla.

He founded Vauhini Studios which was one of the largest film studios in Asia at the time. In later years, Nagi Reddi acquired Vauhini Studios and renamed it as Vijaya Vauhini Studios.

Swargaseema
Swargaseema is a 1945 Telugu-language drama film produced and directed by B. N. Reddi and starring V. Nagayya, B. Jayamma and Bhanumathi. The film marked the debut of Ghantasala as a playback singer and Marcus Bartley as a cinematographer.

Released on June 6, 1945, Swargaseema celebrated a successful run of 200 days in theatres across Telugu-speaking regions as well as in present-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. Bhanumathi's role marked a significant comeback in her career following a hiatus from acting after her marriage. Swargaseema was among the first Telugu films to be screened at an international film festival, held in Vietnam.
Hendrik Hanekom
Hendrik Andries Hanekom (17 July 1896 – 11 January 1952) was a pioneer of Afrikaans acting. He was married to Mathilda Hanekom (born De Beer) and they had a daughter, Tilana.

Hanekom has been acting since 1912, among other things in his 1915 play Heldinne van die oorlog. In 1925, he and Mathilda founded Die Afrikaanse Toneelspelers, an Afrikaans theater company that existed for 27 years and toured the country. Among the plays they performed were Oom Gawerjal, Liefde en geldsug, Hans die skipper (by D. F. Malherbe), Oom Paul (by Calman Postma), Oorskotjie, General De Wet (also by Postma) and Die stille haard. They also acted with Paul de Groot in plays such as Huis-toe and As mans huishou.

In 1945 they were jointly awarded the first Medal of Honor for Drama by the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns.

Hanekom died on 11 January 1952 at the age of 55.

D. F. Malherbe
Daniël Francois Malherbe or (as he is generally known) D.F. Malherbe (28 May 1881 – 12 April 1969), was an Afrikaans-language novelist, poet, dramatist, and scholar.

He was born in Dal Josafat in the Cape Colony, now Western Cape Province, South Africa.

Malherbe is most noted for having written what is regarded as the first novel of artistic value in Afrikaans, Vergeet niet (Do Not Forget). His Biblical novels--Die Hart van Moab (The Heart of Moab, 1933), Saul die worstelheld (Saul the Struggle Hero, 1935), and Die profeet (The Prophet, 1937) draw a parallel between the Afrikaners and the Israelites of the Old Testament, yet today they are lightly regarded. Malherbe was also active in the promotion of Afrikaans.

The D.F. Malherbe High School in 14th Avenue, Walmer, Port Elizabeth, South Africa is named after him as well as the D.F. Malherbe Primary School in Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Alt Ter
Alt Ter (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaɫ tɛr]; English: Upper Ter) is a natural region and proposed vegueria by the Ter river in Catalonia.

Consisting of the counties of Lluçanès, Osona and Ripollès, it is part of the regions of Central Catalonia and Girona. with 191,534 inhabitants as of 2022.

Lluçanès
Lluçanès (Catalan pronunciation: [ʎusəˈnɛs]) is a comarca of Catalonia, in the central region, transitioning between the Plain of Vic and Berguedà, in the pre-Pyrenees. It was established as an official comarca in May 2023. The capital is the town of Prats de Lluçanès.
Đức Huệ district
Đức Huệ is a rural district of Long An province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.  It has a western border with Cambodia; a southwest border with Thạnh Hóa district; an eastern border with Đức Hòa district; and a south and southeast border with Thủ Thừa district and Bến Lức district. As of 2003 the district had a population of 61,620. The district covers an area of 428 km2. The district capital lies at Đông Thành.

Đức Huệ district was established under Decree No. 48-NV of the Republic of Vietnam on March 3, 1959.

Thủ Thừa district
Thủ Thừa is a rural district of Long An province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 88,455. The district covers an area of 489 km2. The district capital lies at Thủ Thừa.
Wesley Smith (academic)
Wesley H. Smith is the Bjorn Wiik Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he has taught since 1988.  Before that he taught at Columbia University.

Along with fellow physics professor Sau Lan Wu and math professor Terry Millar, he was “central to Wisconsin’s contribution to development of the Large Hadron Collider.”

Sau Lan Wu
Sau Lan Wu (Chinese: 吳秀蘭; born May 11, 1940) is a Chinese-American particle physicist and the Enrico Fermi Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She made important contributions towards the discovery of the J/psi particle, which provided experimental evidence for the existence of the charm quark, and the gluon, the vector boson of the strong force in the Standard Model of physics. Recently, her team located at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), using data collected at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), was part of the international effort in the discovery of a boson consistent with the Higgs boson.
Hasugaike Kofun Cluster
The Hasugaike Kofun Cluster (蓮ヶ池古墳群, Hasugaike kofungun) is a cluster of yokoanabo (横穴墓), tunnel tombs in artificial caves, in a tuff cliff of located in the Yoshiki neighborhood of the city of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu Japan.  It was designated as a National Historic Site in 1971 because it is the southern limit of the distribution of horizontal corridor-type kofun in Japan.

Miyazaki (city)
Miyazaki (宮崎市, Miyazaki-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.jaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ja.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.ɕi, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.ɕi]) is the capital city of Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. As of September 1, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 397,381 in 187,859 households, and a population density of 620 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 643.67 km2 (248.52 sq mi).
2018 Pakistani general election in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
General elections were held in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on Wednesday, 25 July 2018 to elect the 51 members of 15th National Assembly from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) obtained a landslide victory in the province by winning 37 general seats and increased their margin of victory from 2013. The PTI also won 8 out of 10 reserved seats while the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) and Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) won 1 reserved seat each.

NA-9 Malakand
NA-9 (Malakand) (این اے-9، مالاکنڈ) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It covers the whole of district Malakand. The constituency was formerly known as NA-35 (Malakand) from 1977 to 2018. The name changed to NA-8 (Malakand) after the delimitation in 2018 and NA-9 (Malakand) after the 2022 Delimitation.
Deigloria
Deigloria is a genus of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Described by mycologist Reinhard Agerer in 1980, the genus contains 10 species that are widespread in neotropical areas. The generic name derives from the Latin words Deus (God) and gloria (glory).

Marasmiaceae
The Marasmiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are most frequently agarics (gilled mushrooms), but occasionally cyphelloid (in the genus Cellypha). According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 54 genera and 1590 species, but molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has led to a more restricted family concept, so that the Marasmiaceae included just 13 genera, and some 1205 species. It was reduced further down in 2020, to 10 genera and about 700 species.
Cremoso cheese
Cremoso (Spanish for 'creamy') is a semi-soft Argentine cheese made with cow's milk, with or without the addition of cream. It derives from Italian cheeses with similar characteristics as crescenza.

It is the most consumed cheese in Argentina and represents almost 40% of domestic production of cheese. From its origin as a companion of quince or dulce de batata, its uses have evolved and now is used for making pizzas as a substitute for mozzarella.

It is a soft white cheese, with 45–55% water. It has no rind, and is presented in vacuum-sealed parallelepiped packages.

Stracchino
Stracchino (Italian: [strakˈkiːno]), also known as crescenza (Italian: [kreʃˈʃɛntsa]), is an Italian cow's milk cheese typical of the regions of Lombardy, Tuscany, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Liguria. It is eaten very young, has no rind and has a very soft, creamy texture and normally a mild, slightly acidic flavour. It is normally square in shape.
Diseases of abnormal polymerization
Diseases of abnormal polymerization, or simply DAPs, are a class of disorders characterized by a novel alteration in base unit proteins that results in a structure with pathogenic potential.  This functional alteration in a protein in relation to its thermodynamic and kinetic properties enacts an extended chain response among neighboring proteins until an extensive and potentially harmful polymerized structure is formed.  Due to this endogenous foreign formation, these diseases are often untreatable and very severe in clinical manifestation. Although DAPs are rare infections, the poor outcome in patients and the need for further understanding makes this class of diseases a pillar for future research.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.