hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commissioners of Irish Lights
The Commissioners of Irish Lights (Irish: Coimisinéirí Soilse na hÉireann), often shortened to Irish Lights or CIL, is the body that serves as the general lighthouse authority for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and their adjacent seas and islands. As the lighthouse authority for the island of Ireland it oversees the coastal lights and navigation marks provided by the local lighthouse authorities, the county councils and port authorities.

Irish Lights is funded through light dues paid into the General Lighthouse Fund (GLF) by ships calling both in Ireland (including the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) and in Great Britain. The General Lighthouse Fund is managed by the Secretary of State for Transport in the United Kingdom and is split between the three General Lighthouse Authorities.

Secretary of State for Transport
The secretary of state for transport, also referred to as the transport secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the policies of the Department for Transport. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office holder works alongside the other transport ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for transport, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.

The position of secretary of state for transport is held by Heidi Alexander, who was appointed by Keir Starmer following the resignation of Louise Haigh.
Politics of Ethiopia
The politics of Ethiopia are the activities associated with the governance of Ethiopia. The government is structured as a federal parliamentary republic with both a President and Prime Minister. The legislature is multicameral, with a house of representatives and a council. The term politics of Ethiopia mainly relates to the political activities in Ethiopia after the late 20th century when democratization took place in the nation. The current political structure of Ethiopia was formed after the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew dictator President Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1991. A general election was held in June 1994 and Ethiopia has maintained a multiparty political environment until today.

Regions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a federation subdivided into ethno-linguistically based regional states (Amharic: plural: ክልሎች kililoch; singular: ክልል kilil; Oromo: singular: Naannoo; plural: Naannolee) and chartered cities (Amharic: plural: አስተዳደር አካባቢዎች astedader akababiwoch; singular: አስተዳደር አካባቢ astedader akabibi). This system of administrative regions replaced the provinces of Ethiopia in 1992.

There are twelve regional states and two chartered cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa). Being based on ethnicity and language, rather than physical geography or history, the regions vary enormously in area and population; the most notable example is the Harari Region, which has a smaller area and population than either of the chartered cities.
Marshall B. Ketchum University
Marshall B. Ketchum University is a private university focused on graduate programs in healthcare and located in Fullerton, California. MBKU expanded from the Southern California College of Optometry which was founded in 1904. The university was officially established as a multidisciplinary university with the addition of School of PA Studies in 2011 and College of Pharmacy in 2013. Along with Hope International University, the campus bookends the north and south sides of the Cal State Fullerton campus respectively.

The university's clinical and teaching facility is known as Ketchum Health. The facility provides patient care for optometry in the University Eye Center in Anaheim and Los Angeles.  It also provides patient care in  internal medicine and Family Medicine in Anaheim.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
The Last King of Scotland (film)
The Last King of Scotland is a 2006 historical drama film directed by Kevin Macdonald from a screenplay by Peter Morgan and Jeremy Brock. Based on Giles Foden's 1998 novel, its plot depicts the dictatorship of Ugandan President Idi Amin through the perspective of Nicholas Garrigan, a fictional Scottish doctor. The film stars Forest Whitaker, James McAvoy, Kerry Washington, Simon McBurney, and Gillian Anderson. The title of the film refers to Amin's spurious claim of being the King of Scotland.

The Last King of Scotland had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on 1 September 2006, and was released in the United Kingdom on 12 January 2007, and in Germany on 15 March 2007, by Fox Searchlight Pictures. The film received positive reviews and grossed $48.4 million on a $6 million budget. For his performance as Idi Amin, Whitaker won an Academy Award for Best Actor, among other accolades.

National Society of Film Critics
The National Society of Film Critics (NSFC) is an American film critic organization found in 1966. The organization is known for its highbrow tastes, and its annual awards are one of the most prestigious film critics awards in the United States. In January 2024, the NSFC had approximately 60 members who wrote for a variety of weekly and daily newspapers along with major publications and media outlets.
Yanmah, Western Australia
Yanmah is a rural locality and town of the Shire of Manjimup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Yanmah Brook flows through the locality, and the Yanmah State Forest is located in Yanmah.

Yanmah is located on the traditional land of the Bibulman people of the Noongar nation.

Yanmah was established as a service centre as part of the Group Settlement Scheme in 1922. Original naming suggestions were Janninup, the local indigenous name for the area, and Mitchelldean, after the premier of Western Australia at the time, but Yanmah was chosen instead, meaning "go ahead" or "go quickly". The townsite of Yanmah was gazetted in January 1923. The school was opened in 1922 and closed in 1954.

The town and the Group Settlement were not a success, and little of it now remains. Almost its only feature, the heritage listed Glenoran Hall, a community hall, was relocated to Yanmah, a common fate for timber buildings at the time, and is now in private ownership.

Shire of Manjimup
The Shire of Manjimup is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, about 320 kilometres (200 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 7,027 square kilometres (2,713 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Manjimup.
Lookout Lake (Antarctica)
The Lookout Lake is a small lake on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of the Princess Elisabeth land in East Antarctica. In the Vestfold Mountains, the lake is 0.8 km north-northeast of the hill The Lookout in the west of the Breidnes Peninsula.

Scientists working at Davis Station visited the lake in 1957 as part of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions and named the lake based on the name of the neighboring hill.

Davis Station
Davis Station, commonly called Davis, is one of three permanent bases and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Davis is situated on the coast of Cooperation Sea in Princess Elizabeth Land, Ingrid Christensen Coast in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Davis lies in an Antarctic oasis, a mostly ice-free area known as the Vestfold Hills.

Davis was named in honour of Captain John King Davis.

Davis was listed on the Register of the National Estate on 26 October 1999 and has been included on the Commonwealth Heritage List as an indicative place, due to the condition of buildings and structures that varies from no longer exists/demolished due to poor condition, through to very good condition.
Cirsium greimleri
Cirsium greimleri, Greimler-Kratzdistel lit. 'Greimler's thistle', is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It was described as a separate species from Cirsium waldsteinii in 2018, from which it can be distinguished visually by its shallower lobes and deeper flower colour. Additionally, its leaves are unusually broad for the genus. It is one of a minority of species discovered through karyological analysis. It is a tall herbaceous plant with nodding purple flowers growing in high montane to subalpine habitats on exposed acidic slopes. It is native to Eastern Europe, but with an unusual geographic distribution. It is found only in the Eastern Alps and Dinaric Alps. It hybridises readily, to the extent that there is concern about genetic erosion for most populations.

Guard cell
Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs of land plants that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells become turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air through the stomata into the mesophyll tissues. Oxygen (O2), produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the plant via the stomata. When the stomata are open, water is lost by evaporation and must be replaced via the transpiration stream, with water taken up by the roots. Plants must balance the amount of CO2 absorbed from the air with the water loss through the stomatal pores, and this is achieved by both active and passive control of guard cell turgor pressure and stomatal pore size.
Stigmatopora narinosa
Stigmatopora narinosa, also known as the Southern Gulf pipefish is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae. The species can be found in patches of seagrass and algae in the shallow waters of Spencer Gulf and the Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. Their diet likely consists of small crustaceans such as copepods and amphipods. Adult males have been measured at lengths up to 11.3 centimeters. Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity in which the males brood eggs from December to March before giving live birth.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Qiaokou Town
Qiaokou (simplified Chinese: 乔口镇; traditional Chinese: 喬口鎮; pinyin: Qiáokǒu Zhèn) is a town of Wangcheng district, Changsha, China. It is located on the western bank of Xiang river. The town is bordered by Lingbei town of Xiangyin to the north, Oujiangcha town of Heshan, Yiyang to the northwest, Jinggang Town to the west and south, Zhangshu town of Xiangyin and Chating town across the Xiang river to the east.

The Qiaokou town covers an area of 46.23 km2 (17.85 sq mi) with a population of 30,068 (2010 census). The subdistrict has one residential community and seven villages under its jurisdiction in 2016.

Xiangyin County
Xiangyin County (simplified Chinese: 湘阴县; traditional Chinese: 湘陰縣; pinyin: Xiāngyīn Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China, under the administration of Yueyang City. Located on the southeastern shores of Lake Dongting, the Xiang River runs south to north through the middle lands of the county, the Zi River merges into Dongting in the westeastern margin. Xiangyin is bordered by Yueyang County, Yuanjiang City to the north, Heshan District of Yiyang to the west, Wangcheng District of Changsha to the south, and Miluo City to the east. It has an area of 1,581.5 km2 (610.6 sq mi) with a population of roughly 770,000. The county is divided into 14 township-level divisions with the county seat at Wenxing Town.
Donnchadh of Argyll
Donnchadh of Argyll or Donnchadh mac Dubhghaill (Anglicized: "Duncan, son of Dougall") was a late 12th and early 13th century Scottish noble. He was the son of Dubhghall mac Somhairle, son of Somhairle mac Gille Bhrighde. He is the first of the MacDougall lords of Argyll to take the title de Argadia, and can be regarded as the founder of the successful MacDougall lordship of Argyll. He was also a prominent builder, notable for his construction of Ardchattan Priory and Dunstaffnage Castle.

Alex Woolf
Alex Woolf FSA Scot (born 12 July 1963) is a British medieval historian and academic. He specialises in the history of Britain and Ireland and to a lesser extent Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages, with a particular emphasis on interaction and comparison across traditional ethnic boundaries. He is a senior lecturer at the University of St Andrews.

He is author of volume two in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland, covering the period between 789 and 1070. For this he won the 2008 Saltire Society award for "history book of the year".

He is the younger brother of the ancient historian Greg Woolf.
M1 medium tractor
Prior to and during the second world war the US Army called several tractors M1 medium tractor. Under the Ordnance Corps these "off the shelf" tractors were meant to tow artillery pieces, so were not equipped with blades like their engineer counterparts. Eventually these were replaced by purpose built "high-speed tractors" (HST). Some tractors were equipped with crane attachments for ammunition, and material handling.

Caterpillar D6
The Caterpillar D6 track-type tractor is a medium bulldozer manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. with a nominal operating weight of 18 short tons (16 t). The military versions were classified as the SNL G152 medium tractor, under the G-numbers classification system used for army tractors.
Triraphis
Triraphis is a genus of African, Arabian, Australian, and Brazilian plants in the grass family. Needlegrass is a common name for plants in this genus.

Species

Triraphis andropogonoides (Steud.) E.Phillips, - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho

Triraphis compacta Cope, - Ethiopia

Triraphis devia Filg. & Zuloaga, - State of Goiás in Brazil

Triraphis mollis R.Br., - Australia (Northern Territory plus all states except Tasmania); naturalized in Britain, Belgium, Texas

Triraphis pumilio R.Br., - Angola, Namibia, Sahara, Arabian Pen

Triraphis purpurea Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Botswana

Triraphis ramosissima Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa

Triraphis schinzii Hack.,  Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia

formerly included

see Cortaderia Crinipes Eriachne Nematopoa Pentameris Triodia

Eriachne
Eriachne, commonly known as Wanderrie grass, is a genus of plants in the grass family. Most of the species are found only in Australia, with the ranges of a few extending northward into New Guinea, parts of Asia, and Micronesia.

It is found in areas such as the Western Australian Mulga shrublands ecoregion.

Around 48 species are recognised:
Heinz Otto Cordes
Heinz Otto Cordes (March 18, 1925 – October 30, 2018) was a German-American mathematician, specializing in partial differential equations (PDEs). He is known for the Aronszajn–Cordes uniqueness theorem for solutions of elliptic PDEs (due independently to Nachman Aronszajn).

Nachman Aronszajn
Nachman Aronszajn (26 July 1907 – 5 February 1980) was a Polish American mathematician. Aronszajn's main field of study was mathematical analysis, where he systematically developed the concept of reproducing kernel Hilbert space. He also contributed to mathematical logic.
Tetrahedral carbonyl addition compound
A tetrahedral intermediate is a reaction intermediate in which the bond arrangement around an initially double-bonded carbon atom has been transformed from trigonal to tetrahedral.  Tetrahedral intermediates result from nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl group. The stability of tetrahedral intermediate depends on the ability of the groups attached to the new tetrahedral carbon atom to leave with the negative charge. Tetrahedral intermediates are very significant in organic syntheses and biological systems as a key intermediate in esterification, transesterification, ester hydrolysis, formation and hydrolysis of amides and peptides, hydride reductions, and other chemical reactions.

Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl).

The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, such that carbon and oxygen share a double bond.
Widin
Widin was the last attested Ostrogothic noble in Italy. After Teia's defeat at the hands of the Byzantine eunuch general Narses at the Battle of Mons Lactarius, south of present-day Naples, in October 552 or early 553, organized Ostrogothic resistance ended. Widin, however, was able to organize a Gothic revolt in northern Italy in 561. According to Paul the Deacon, Widin comes Gothorum and Amingus, a Frank, rebelled against Narses.

Widin was captured in 562 and sent to Constantinople. After that, the Ostrogoths faded in obscurity.

Narses
Narses (also spelled Nerses; Latin pronunciation: [ˈnarseːs]; Armenian: Ներսէս; Greek: Ναρσής; c. 478–573) was a distinguished Roman general and statesman of Armenian heritage, renowned for his critical role in Emperor Justinian I's military campaigns. Alongside the famed Belisarius, Narses was instrumental in the reconquest of Italy during the Gothic War (535–554), which sought to restore the western provinces of the Roman Empire.

Narses first gained significant recognition by suppressing the Nika riots in 532, using his diplomatic skills and wealth to help quell the revolt. His later campaigns in Italy were marked by decisive victories, most notably at the Battle of Taginae in 552, where he defeated the Ostrogothic king Totila, and at the Battle of Mons Lactarius in 553, effectively ending the Ostrogothic kingdom.
Mariposa botnet
The Mariposa botnet, discovered December 2008, is a botnet mainly involved in cyberscamming and denial-of-service attacks. Before the botnet itself was dismantled on 23 December 2009, it consisted of up to 12 million unique IP addresses or up to 1 million individual zombie computers infected with the "Butterfly (mariposa in Spanish) Bot", making it one of the largest known botnets.

Zombie (computing)
In computing, a zombie is a computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker via a computer virus, computer worm, or trojan horse program and can be used to  perform malicious tasks under the remote direction of the hacker. Zombie computers often coordinate together in a botnet controlled by the hacker, and are used for activities such as spreading e-mail spam and launching distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS attacks) against web servers.  Most victims are unaware that their computers have become zombies. The concept is similar to the zombie of Haitian Voodoo folklore, which refers to a corpse resurrected by a sorcerer via magic and enslaved to the sorcerer's commands, having no free will of its own. A coordinated DDoS attack by multiple botnet machines also resembles a "zombie horde attack", as depicted in fictional zombie films.
Dollhouse season 2
The second and final season of the television series Dollhouse premiered on September 25, 2009, on Fox and concluded its 13-episode season on January 29, 2010. The season aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm ET.

The Attic (Dollhouse)
"The Attic" is the tenth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Dollhouse and the show's 23rd episode overall. The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon and directed by John Cassaday. It aired in the United States on Fox on December 18, 2009.

As the title suggests, this episode focuses on the Dollhouse's frequently referenced Attic, after Echo, Priya and Anthony were all placed there at the end of "Stop-Loss". This episode was aired back-to-back with "Stop-Loss".
Erigeron bellidiastrum
Erigeron bellidiastrum, the western daisy fleabane or sand fleabane, is a species of fleabane in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (state of Chihuahua) and the western and central United States (western Great Plains and open sandy areas in the deserts west of the Rockies).

Erigeron bellidiastrum is an annual or biennial herb up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall, with a taproot. It produces flower heads in groups of 1–12 on the ends of branches. Each head can have up to 70 white ray florets surrounding many small disc florets.

Varieties

Erigeron bellidiastrum var. arenarius (Greene) G.L.Nesom - New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua).

Erigeron bellidiastrum var. bellidiastrum - Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming

Erigeron bellidiastrum var. robustus Cronquist - Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas

Erigeron
Erigeron (/ɪˈrɪdʒərɒn/) is a large genus of plants in the composite family (Asteraceae). It is placed in the tribe Astereae and is closely related to the Old World asters (Aster) and the true daisies (Bellis). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and the highest diversity occurs in North America.
Romina Del Plá
Romina Del Plá (born 2 April 1972) is an activist in the Workers' Party (Argentina).

She was elected to the Argentine national Chamber of Deputies at the 2017 Argentine legislative election. She was elected for Buenos Aires Province as a candidate of the Workers' Left Front. She resigned her seat on 10 December 2020, in order to allow Juan Carlos Giordano of the Socialist Left to take her place as per the Left Front's seat rotation agreement.

She was previously a history lecturer at the University of Buenos Aires. Romina Del Plá has a 23-year teaching career in the La Matanza classrooms and works in the Aldo Bonzi 41st High School and in the 3-d Technical high school of San Justo.

Juan Carlos Giordano
Juan Carlos Giordano (born c. 1961) is an Argentine activist and politician of the Socialist Left. He is currently a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, representing Buenos Aires Province as part of the Socialist Left - Socialist Workers' Party bloc. He was elected in 2013.

He was the vice-presidential running mate of the Workers' Party's Jorge Altamira in the 2015 presidential primary elections, but ultimately lost to the Del Caño - Bregman formula.

He works as a lawyer, is married, lives in Lanús Este, and is a Boca Juniors supporter.