hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cal State San Marcos station
Cal State San Marcos station is an elevated railway station in San Marcos, California, the only such station along the North County Transit District's SPRINTER hybrid rail line. The station sits on a loop of the San Diego Northern Railway's Escondido Subdivision that crosses over State Route 78 to serve the California State University, San Marcos campus, which is located southwest of the station. On campus days, shuttle services are available to ferry students from the train station to the heart of the CSUSM campus and vice versa.

California State University, San Marcos
California State University San Marcos (CSUSM or Cal State San Marcos) is a public university in San Marcos, California, United States. It was founded in 1989 as the 21st campus in the California State University (CSU) system.

CSUSM offers 43 bachelor's degree programs, 24 master's degree programs, 8 credential programs, and 1 joint doctoral with the University of California, San Diego.

CSUSM is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and also Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The university had a total undergraduate enrollment of 15,431 students in fall 2024. In 2024, the university had 284 tenured faculty. The Cal State San Marcos Cougars compete in NCAA Division II as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association.
Linguistic areas of the Americas
The indigenous languages of the Americas form various linguistic areas or Sprachbunds that share various common (areal) traits. The following list of linguistic areas is primarily based on Campbell (1997, 2024).

Guaicuruan languages
Guaicuruan (Guaykuruan, Waikurúan, Guaycuruano, Guaikurú, Guaicuru, Guaycuruana) is a language family spoken in northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).  The speakers of the languages are often collectively called the Guaycuru peoples. For the most part, the Guaycuruans lived in the Gran Chaco and were nomadic and warlike, until finally subdued by the various countries of the region in the 19th century.
Medgidia
Medgidia (Romanian pronunciation: [med͡ʒiˈdi.a] ⓘ or [med.d͡ʒiˈdi.a]; historical Turkish names: Karasu or Carasu, Mecidiye or Megidie) is a city in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, south-eastern Romania.

Căile Ferate Române
Căile Ferate Române (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkə.ile feˈrate roˈmɨne]; abbreviated as the CFR) was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on 1 October 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. CFR as an entity existed from 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR was divided into four autonomous companies:

CFR Călători, responsible for passenger services;

CFR Marfă, responsible for freight transport;

Compania Națională de Căi Ferate CFR, manages the infrastructure on the Romanian railway network; and

Societatea Feroviară de Turism, or SFT, which manages scenic and tourist railways.

CFR was headquartered in Bucharest and had regional divisions centered in Bucharest, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Craiova, Galați, Iași, and Timișoara. Its International Union of Railways code is 53-CFR.
2017–18 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team
The 2017–18 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team represented the University of California, Riverside during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Highlanders, led by interim head coach Justin Bell, played their home games at the Student Recreation Center Arena in Riverside, California, as members of the Big West Conference. They finished the season 9–22, 4–12 in Big West play to finish in a tie for seventh place. As the No. 8 seed in the Big West tournament, they lost in the quarterfinals to UC Davis.

On January 1, 2018, three days before conference play was to start, head coach Dennis Cutts, who was in his fifth season at UC Riverside, was fired after posting a 5–9 record to start the season.  Associate head coach Justin Bell was named interim head coach. On March 14, the school hired TCU assistant coach David Patrick as head coach.

2018 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big West Conference of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 8–10, 2018 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California. No. 4 seed Cal State Fullerton defeated No. 3 seed UC Irvine in the championship game to win the tournament and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Basis pursuit
Basis pursuit is the mathematical optimization problem of the form

where x is a N-dimensional solution vector (signal), y is a M-dimensional vector of observations (measurements), A is a M × N transform matrix (usually measurement matrix) and M < N.  The version of basis pursuit that seeks to minimize the L0 norm is NP-hard.

It is usually applied in cases where there is an underdetermined system of linear equations y = Ax that must be exactly satisfied, and the sparsest solution in the L1 sense is desired.

When it is desirable to trade off exact equality of Ax and y in exchange for a sparser x, basis pursuit denoising is preferred.

Basis pursuit problems can be converted to linear programming problems in polynomial time and vice versa, making the two types of problems polynomially equivalent.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Ambaji Mata Temple
Ambaji Mata Temple (also known as Arasuri Amba Temple) is a prominent Hindu temple in the town of Ambaji in Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. Revered as one of the 51 Shakta pithas, the temple is traditionally believed to enshrine the heart of the goddess Sati. It is a major pilgrimage destination, particularly during Navratri and the annual Bhadarvi Purnima Fair.

Banaskantha district
Banaskantha district is one of the thirty-four districts of the Gujarat state of India. The administrative headquarters and largest city is Palanpur. The district is in northeastern Gujarat where the West Banas River runs through the valley between Mount Abu and Aravalli Range, flowing to the plains of Gujarat in this region. The district is famous for the Ambaji temple which draws many tourists. It has an area of 12,703 km2 and was the second largest district in the state until January 2025, when Vav-Tharad district was carved out of the western part of the district and remaining area of 6,176 km2 remains the same.
2026 India Open
The 2026 India Open, officially known as the Yonex Sunrise India Open 2026 for sponsorship reasons, was a badminton tournament that took place at the Indira Gandhi Arena, New Delhi, India, from 13 through 18 January 2026, with a total prize of US$950,000.

BWF World Tour
The BWF World Tour is a Grade 2 badminton tournament series, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It is a competition open to the top world ranked players in singles (men's and women's) and doubles (men's, women's and mixed). The competition was announced on 19 March 2017 and came into effect starting from 2018, replacing the BWF Super Series, which was held from 2007 to 2017.

The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, and Super 300 in order (part of the HSBC World Tour). One other category of tournament, the BWF Tour Super 100 level, also offers ranking points.
Mosman Council
Mosman Council is a local government area on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The mayor of Mosman Council is Cr. Ann Marie Kimber, a representative of the Serving Mosman independent political group.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
Nathan Wright (judge)
Sir Nathan Wright (1654–1721) was an English judge, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal under King William III and Queen Anne. He offended the House of Commons by his use of habeas corpus in 1704, and lost office in 1705.

Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
The Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, and later of Great Britain, was formerly an officer of the English Crown charged with physical custody of the Great Seal of England. This position evolved into that of one of the Great Officers of State.
Old Thompson
Old Thompson is a brand of blended American whiskey produced by Barton Brands, which has been owned by the Sazerac Company since 2009. It is known for its low price among brands of American whiskey. The company refers to it as "an excellent value". The brand dates back to 1904, when it was introduced by the Glenmore Distillery Company, which at the time was owned by the brothers James Thompson and Francis P. Thompson.

Today it is a blended whiskey bottled at 40% alcohol by volume (80 U.S. proof), and formulated from a mixture of 80% neutral grain spirits, and 20% straight whiskeys.

American whiskey
American whiskey is whiskey (a distilled beverage produced from a fermented mash of cereal grain) produced in the United States. The best known American whiskey is straight whiskey, which is characterized by a mash consisting of a predominant grain (at least 51% of the mash) and, with some exceptions, aged in new charred white oak barrels. Examples of straight whiskeys include bourbon whiskey, rye whiskey, Tennessee whiskey, rye malt whiskey, malt whiskey, wheat whiskey, and corn whiskey.

Other American whiskeys include blended whiskeys, light whiskeys, and spirit whiskeys. Laws regulating the products vary between those produced for sale in the U.S. and those exported abroad.
Wrestling at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Wrestling at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was the fifth appearance of Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games.

The sport featured contests in eight weight classes and the events were held in the Kerrisdale Arena.

South Africa topped the wrestling medal table with six gold medals.

Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games
Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games is an optional sport for that was one of six to be featured on the Programme in Hamilton 1930. The sport was originally male only until women's events were added at the 2010 games. Wrestling was present at all editions of the games program until 1994. The sport was first removed from the program in 1998, when Malaysian organizers replaced it with 10-pin bowling, as the sport lacked popular appeal in the country and medal chances were also low, returning in 2002. In the following edition in 2006, it was again removed for the addition of basketball. The second return was in 2010, when in addition to freestyle wrestling, the Indian organizers chose to add Greco-Roman wrestling events. The sport was present in the 2014, 2018 and 2022 editions. It was announced in October 2024 that wrestling had not been chosen for the 2026 games.
AD 17 Lydia earthquake
The AD 17 Lydia earthquake caused the destruction of at least twelve cities in the region of Lydia in the Roman province of Asia in Asia Minor (now part of Turkey). The earthquake was recorded by the Roman historians Tacitus and Pliny the Elder, and the Greek historians Strabo and Eusebius. Pliny called it "the greatest earthquake in human memory" (Nat. Hist. 2:86 §200). The city of Sardis, the former capital of the Lydian Empire, was the most affected and never completely recovered from the destruction.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Hannah Snell
Hannah Snell (23 April 1723 – 8 February 1792) was an English woman who disguised herself as a man to join the British military. Snell was mentioned in James Woodforde's diary entry of 21 May 1778 selling buttons, garters, and laces.

Female Husbands: A Trans History
Female Husbands: A Trans History is a history book by Jen Manion, a professor of History and Sexuality, Women's and Gender Studies at Amherst College, published in 2020 by Cambridge University Press. The book won the Best Book prize from the British Association of Victorian Studies and was a finalist for the Lawrence W. Levine Award.
MapmyIndia
MapmyIndia is an Indian technology company that builds digital map data, telematics services, location-based SaaS and GIS AI technologies. The company was founded in 1995 and is headquartered at New Delhi with regional offices in Mumbai and Bengaluru and smaller offices across India. It also has international offices in the San Francisco Bay Area and Tokyo.

Web mapping
Web mapping or an online mapping is the process of using, creating, and distributing maps on the World Wide Web (the Web), usually through the use of Web geographic information systems (Web GIS). A web map or an online map is both served and consumed, thus, web mapping is more than just web cartography, it is an interactive service where consumers may choose what the map will show.
Bożydar, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Bożydar [bɔˈʐɨdar] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dwikozy, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Dwikozy, 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Sandomierz, and 87 km (54 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Dwikozy
Dwikozy [dviˈkɔzɨ] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dwikozy. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Sandomierz and 84 km (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

In 1938, a large food processing plant was built in Dwikozy, as part of Polish Central Industrial Area. The plant still exists, producing jams, juices, marmalades and paste.
Aasiaat Airport
Aasiaat Airport (Greenlandic: Mittarfik Aasiaat) (IATA: JEG, ICAO: BGAA) is an airport located in the Disko Bay, 1 NM (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northeast of Aasiaat, a town in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland. It can serve STOL aircraft, although there is no aircraft deicing equipment at the airport, which is costly and problematic in Greenlandic winter.

The airport was opened on 17 October 1998, replacing a heliport located in the town at 68°42′05″N 52°52′28″W﻿ / ﻿68.701468°N 52.874457°W﻿ / 68.701468; -52.874457.

Qeqertalik
Qeqertalik (Greenlandic pronunciation: [qɜqɜtːalik], Danish: Område med øer, lit. 'Area with islands') is a municipality of Greenland created in 2018 from four southern regions of the former Qaasuitsup Municipality. It is the least populated municipality at a population of 5,969, despite this it is the 2nd most densely populated municipality with 0.09 people per square kilometer.
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 9th Earl of Shaftesbury
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 9th Earl of Shaftesbury KP GCVO CBE PC (31 August 1869 – 25 March 1961) was an English peer, soldier, and public servant. He was the son of the 8th Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Harriet Augusta Anna Seymourina Chichester (1836 – 14 April 1898), the daughter of the 3rd Marquess of Donegall and Lady Harriet Anne Butler. He inherited the earldom at age 15.

Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster, KG, PC, JP (13 October 1825 – 22 December 1899), styled Viscount Belgrave between 1831 and 1845, Earl Grosvenor between 1845 and 1869, and known as The Marquess of Westminster between 1869 and 1874, was an English landowner, politician and racehorse owner. He inherited the estate of Eaton Hall in Cheshire and land in Mayfair and Belgravia, London, and spent much of his fortune in developing these properties. Although he was an MP from the age of 22, and then a member of the House of Lords, his main interests were not in politics, but rather in his estates, in horse racing, and in country pursuits. He developed the stud at Eaton Hall and achieved success in racing his horses, who won the Derby on four occasions.
Östra Vram Church
Östra Vram Church (Swedish: Östra Vrams kyrka) is a church in Östra Vram, a village in Kristianstad Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It is a well-preserved medieval church, still containing several medieval works of art as well as murals from the 14th century.

Kristianstad Municipality
Kristianstad Municipality (Swedish: Kristianstads kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southernmost Sweden. Its seat is located in the city Kristianstad.

The present municipality was created in three steps during the last nationwide local government reform, and it has the largest area of the municipalities of Skåne County. In 1967 a number of rural municipalities were merged into the City of Kristianstad. In 1971 more former units were added and the city became a unitary municipality. Finally in 1974, the last amalgamations took place, and the municipality reached its present size. The number of original entities (as of 1863) is 35.
Extensor digitorum muscle
The extensor digitorum muscle (also known as extensor digitorum communis) is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals. It extends the medial four digits of the hand. Extensor digitorum is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the radial nerve.

Phalanx bone
The phalanges (/fəˈlændʒiːz/; sing. phalanx /ˈfælæŋks, ˈfeɪlæŋks/) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates. In primates, the thumbs and big toes have two phalanges while the other digits have three phalanges. The phalanges are classed as long bones.
Sean East II
Sean Lovell East II (born November 17, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Salt Lake City Stars of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the UMass Minutemen, Bradley Braves and Missouri Tigers.

Canadian Elite Basketball League
The Canadian Elite Basketball League (CEBL; French: Ligue élite canadienne de basketball—LÉCB) is the premier men's professional basketball league in Canada, as recognized by Canada Basketball. The CEBL was founded in 2017 and began play in 2019 with six teams all owned and operated by ownership group Canadian Basketball Ventures.

The league currently consists of 10 teams from six provinces, with four from Ontario, two from Alberta, and one each from British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Quebec, the largest number of teams of any professional sports league operating entirely in Canada. CEBL teams play 24 regular-season games from May to August. The season culminates in the six-team playoffs that include a final four Championship Weekend where the league's champion is crowned.
Danish Defence Agreement 2018–2023
Danish Defence Agreement 2018–2023 (Danish: Forsvarsforlig 2018–2023) is the white paper for the military of Denmark in the period of 2018 to 2023. The agreement was signed 28 January 2018 by the government and Social Democrats, Dansk Folkeparti, and Social Liberal Party. It replaced the 2013–2017 Defence Agreement.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
Côte Feuillée stadium
The Côte Feuillée stadium is a venue with ski jumping hills, located in Chaux-Neuve in the French department of Doubs, within the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Built with the 1990 Junior Nordic Ski World Championships in mind, the site has hosted Nordic Combined World Cup events since 1996. Over time, the Chaux-Neuve stage has become a key stop in this competition. The stadium also hosts summer competitions and, in 2018, served as the finish line for the Transjurassienne race.

The Côte Feuillée stadium has five ski jumping hills constructed in 1989 and 1995. The largest hill has been progressively improved and was upgraded to HS 118 status in 2010. The hill record is held by Swiss jumper Sandro Hauswirth, with a distance of 121.5 meters.

Fabrice Guy
Fabrice Guy (born 30 December 1968) is a former French nordic combined skier from Pontarlier, Doubs, who competed during the 1990s. At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville he won gold in the 15 km individual, then won a bronze in the 4 x 5 km team competition at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. He also has two medals from the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver medal in the 3 x 10 km team event in 1991 and a bronze medal in the 15 km individual event in 1997.

Guy also won the Nordic combined event at the 1992 Holmenkollen ski festival.
Fellhanera gyrophorica
Fellhanera gyrophorica is a corticolous species in the family Ectolechiaceae. Previously noted in several publications as an unidentified Fellhanera species, it was formally named and described due to its unique characteristics and lack of ascomata (fruiting bodies).

Ectolechiaceae
The Ectolechiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. The family was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1905, originally for a group of tropical, leaf-dwelling lichens. Its scope has since expanded considerably, and the family now encompasses both tropical genera such as Byssoloma and Calopadia and the large, predominantly temperate-to-arctic genus Micarea. As of 2026, the family contains more than 30 genera and an estimated 470 species.