hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monetary overhang
Monetary overhang is a phenomenon in which people have more money holdings than they would normally choose to because of a lack of ability to spend it. In an economy where there is monetary overhang due to shortages, if price controls are removed, the overhang tends to produce a burst of open inflation, or too much money chasing too few goods, thus raising prices. Monetary overhang can also be caused by excess credit.

This is a phenomenon often present with repressed inflation and financial repression, and was common in centrally planned economies like the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union experienced monetary overhang from the mid-1980s onwards. This was reported by the IMF in 1991. Subsequent to this report, the USSR collapsed.

Financial repression
Financial repression refers to government implementation of policies to channel domestic funds to the public sector that in a deregulated market environment would go elsewhere. These policies are used to reduce the government's debt-to-GDP ratio. In the case of Japan, research suggests that financial repression can last for decades.

The term was introduced in 1973 by Stanford economists Edward S. Shaw and Ronald I. McKinnon to refer to well-intentioned but counterproductive policies that might impair a country’s economic development.
Friedmann Prize
The Friedmann Prize is a Soviet and Russian physics prize, awarded for outstanding work in cosmology and gravity, as well as earth sciences. It is named after the Russian cosmologist Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann.

Between 1972 and 1990 the prize was awarded by the USSR Academy of Sciences for the best scientific work in the field of meteorology. It was re-established by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1993. It is generally awarded to a single scientist once every three years.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Brooke van Velden
Brooke Olivia van Velden (born 15 October 1992) is a New Zealand politician who has served as the deputy leader of ACT New Zealand since June 2020. She has been a member of Parliament (MP) since the 2020 general election, first as a list MP and, since 2023, the MP for Tāmaki. Van Velden currently serves in the National-led government as the 38th minister of internal affairs and 6th minister for workplace relations and safety. She is the second youngest cabinet minister in New Zealand history, being just eight days older than Phil Goff was when he became Minister of Housing after the 1984 election.

Minister of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)
The Minister of Internal Affairs is a minister in the New Zealand Government with responsibility over the Department of Internal Affairs. The position of Minister of Internal Affairs has existed since the Department of Internal Affairs replaced the Colonial Secretary's office from 19 November 1907. The responsibilities of the office have been progressively reduced as other ministerial roles have been spun-off from the Department of Internal Affairs. Today his or her remit includes internal security and administering applications for citizenship.
Rieselfeld
Rieselfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈʁiːzl̩fɛlt]) is a city quarter (Stadtteil) in Freiburg im Breisgau. It is located in the western part of the city and borders the nature reserve Freiburger Rieselfeld in the west, right next to a little zoo called Tiergehege Mundenhof, Opfinger Straße in the south and Besançonallee in the east. The industrial area Haid is part of the Sankt Georgen district and is located to the south of Rieselfeld, while the district Weingarten is situated to the east of Rieselfeld.

Weingarten (Freiburg im Breisgau)
Weingarten (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪnɡaʁtn̩] ⓘ) is a municipal district of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. In the north, it is separated by the river Dreisam from the district Betzenhausen, in the east beyond the rail tracks lies Haslach and in the south, separated by the Opfinger Road, the district Haslach-Haid. In the west, the new district Rieselfeld borders Weingarten.

Weingarten was established by the Freiburger Stadtbau company between 1964-66. There are 11,263 inhabitants living in this district (2020). It is characterised by various residential tower blocks and the high percentage of foreigners compared to the rest of Freiburg, with 48.2% of inhabitants having a migration background.
Marfeel
Marfeel, Inc. is a publishing and analytics tech platform that allows publishers to create, optimize and monetize their mobile websites.

The company was founded in Barcelona on October 6, 2011 by Xavi Beumala and Juan Margenat, with the two also acting as the company's executives.

Mobile web
The mobile web comprises mobile browser-based World Wide Web services accessed from mobile devices, such as laptops, tablets, mobile phones, smartwatches, smartglasses, handheld devices like fitness trackers, PDAs and so on through a mobile or other wireless network.
1978 San Diego Padres season
The 1978 San Diego Padres season was the tenth in franchise history. They finished in fourth place in the National League West with a record of 84–78, eleven games behind the first-place Los Angeles Dodgers. This was the Padres' first-ever winning season.

1978 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1978 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 89th season for the Los Angeles Dodgers franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB), their 21st season in Los Angeles, California, and their 17th season playing their home games at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles California.

The team won their second straight National League pennant and losing to the New York Yankees in the World Series again. Dodger coach Jim Gilliam died at the end of the season and his uniform number, 19, was retired by the team prior to Game 1 of the World Series; the team also wore a black memorial patch with Gilliam's number during the World Series. Unlike the previous Dodger team, no member of the team hit 30 home runs after seeing four members hit that mark the previous season (the team leader was Reggie Smith, with 29).
Manda-Inakir
Manda-Inakir (Arabic: ماندا-إناكير) is a system of fissure vents and cinder cones located along the borders between Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia. Last erupting in 1928, it produced a cinder cone called Kammourta. It has an elevation of over 600 metres.

Fissure vent
A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure, eruption fissure or simply a fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is often a few metres wide and may be many kilometres long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts which run first in lava channels and later in lava tubes. After some time, the eruption tends to become focused at one or more spatter cones. Volcanic cones and their craters that are aligned along a fissure form a crater row. Small fissure vents may not be easily discernible from the air, but the crater rows (see Laki) or the canyons (see Eldgjá) built up by some of them are.

The dikes that feed fissures reach the surface from depths of a few kilometers and connect them to deeper magma reservoirs, often under volcanic centers. Fissures are usually found in or along rifts and rift zones, such as Iceland and the East African Rift. Fissure vents are often part of the structure of shield volcanoes.
Llandwrog
Llandwrog (Welsh pronunciationⓘ; 'the church of saint Twrog') is a village and community in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, most notable for the presence of the headquarters of Welsh record label Sain and the site of Caernarfon Airport.  It has a population of 2,466, increasing to 2,539 at the 2011 Census. The community includes the villages of Groeslon, Carmel, Y Fron, Dinas Dinlle, and Cilgwyn. As suggested by the village name, the parish church is dedicated St Twrog. It was the base of the first ever Sea and Mountain Rescue team, and includes the estate of Glynllifon.

RAF Llandwrog was a training airfield during World War II, and was later used as a weapons storage facility. It had a key role in Operation Sandcastle, where a large quantity of Nazi Tabun weapons were stored prior to eventual disposal at sea.

Carmel, Gwynedd
Carmel is a small village near Y Fron in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. The village is built up mainly of Victorian homes, with a more modern area. The village contains a number of chapels, which are gradually closing down and some being converted into homes. The Victorian village school and post office have also been closed. The last of the village's shops closed in 2014 (Siop Doris). There are a number of other businesses including a driving school, coal merchant and a garage.  Nearby villages are Penygroes and Groeslon. Notable residents have included Dafydd Glyn Jones, Sir Thomas Parry (1904–1985), Principal of University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, from 1958 to 1969 and the artist Ifor Pritchard.
Rebbo
Rebbo or Horvat Rebbo (Hebrew: חורבת רִבּוֹא, lit. "Rebbo ruins"), alternative spellings: Robbo, Ribbo; in Arabic Khurbet Rubba (lit. "Rubba ruins"), is an ancient site in Israel, mentioned by Eusebius in his Onomasticon as possibly referring to a site by a similar name in the Book of Joshua. The site, which is now a ruin, sits on a hill 414 metres (1,358 ft) above sea level, in the Shephelah region, and is now part of the Adullam-France Park, maintained by the Jewish National Fund (KKL). It lies about 1.5 km. to the west of Aderet as the crow flies, and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Beit Guvrin National Park.

The site is quite extensive and contains tunnels believed to have been in use during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Tombs from the Second Temple period, agricultural features and cisterns (now covered with iron gratings) can be seen on the site. Many lentisk mastic trees (Pistacia lentiscus) and buckthorns (Rhamnus lycioides) cover the site.

Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park
Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park is a national park in central Israel, containing a large network of caves recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The national park includes the remains of the historical towns of Maresha, one of the important towns of Judah during the First Temple Period, and Bayt Jibrin, a depopulated Palestinian town known as Eleutheropolis in the Roman era. However, Maresha and Bayt Jibrin are not part of the UNESCO site, which covers only the cave network.

Archaeological artifacts unearthed at the site include a large Jewish cemetery, a Roman-Byzantine amphitheater, a Byzantine church, public baths, mosaics and burial caves.

It is located 13 kilometers from Kiryat Gat.
Lapuan Virkiä
Lapuan Virkiä (abbreviated Virkiä) is a sports club from Lapua, Finland. The club was formed in 1907 and currently operates 11 divisions namely skiing, football, ice hockey, volleyball, wrestling, basketball, slalom, orienteering, swimming, fitness and athletics.  Another sport that the club excels at is pesäpallo. The men's football first team currently plays in the Kolmonen (Third Division). Their home ground is at the Lapuan keskuskenttä.

Lapua
Lapua (Finnish: [ˈlɑpuɑ]; Swedish: Lappo) is a town and municipality in Finland's South Ostrobothnia region.

It is located next to the Lapua River. The town has a population of 14,016
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 751.82 square kilometres (290.28 sq mi) of
which 13.67 km2 (5.28 sq mi) is water. The population density is 19.01 inhabitants per square kilometre (49.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
HMS Norfolk (D21)
HMS Norfolk (pennant D21) was a County-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was the fourth Group 2 and the last of the County-class built.

The fifth ship named Norfolk, she was laid down on 15 March 1966 by Swan Hunter and launched by Lavinia, Duchess of Norfolk on 16 November 1967. She was commissioned on 7 March 1970.

In 1982 she was sold to Chile and served in their navy as Capitán Prat until 2006 and subsequently sold for scrap.

Swan Hunter
Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson and originally known as C. S. Swan & Hunter, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company, based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England.

At its apex, the company represented the combined forces of three powerful shipbuilding families: Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson.

The company was responsible for some of the greatest ships of the early 20th century, most famously RMS Mauretania which held the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic, and RMS Carpathia which rescued survivors from RMS Titanic.

In 2006 Swan Hunter ceased vessel construction on Tyneside, but continues to provide design engineering services.
John Seymour (died 1491)
John Seymour (c. 1450 – 26 October 1491) of Wulfhall, of Stalbridge, of Stinchcombe and of Huish, all in Wiltshire, England, was warden of Savernake Forest and a prominent member of the landed gentry in the counties of Wiltshire, Somerset and Dorset. He was the grandfather of Jane Seymour (c. 1508–1537), the third wife of King Henry VIII, and was thus great-grandfather of King Edward VI.

High Sheriff of Wiltshire
This is a list of the sheriffs and (after 1 April 1974) high sheriffs of Wiltshire.

Until the 14th century, the shrievalty was held ex officio by the castellans of Old Sarum Castle.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Wiltshire was retitled as High Sheriff of Wiltshire.
Asteroideae
Asteroideae is a subfamily of the plant family Asteraceae. It contains about 70% of the species of the family. It consists of several tribes, including Astereae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Senecioneae and Tageteae. Asteroideae contains plants found all over the world, many of which are shrubby. There are about 1,135 genera and 17,200 species within this subfamily; the largest genera by number of species are Helichrysum (500–600) and Artemisia (550).

Asteroideae is said to date back to approximately 46–36.5 million years ago.

Tagetes
Tagetes (/tæˈdʒiːtiːz/) is a genus  of 50 species of annual or perennial, mostly herbaceous plants in the family Asteraceae. They are among several groups of plants known in English as marigolds. The genus Tagetes was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

Originally called cempōhualxōchitl, by the Nahua people, these plants are native to Central and Southern Mexico and several other Latin American countries. Some species have become naturalized around the world. One species, T. minuta, is considered a noxious invasive plant in some areas.
Parsons Green
Parsons Green is a mainly residential district in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The Green itself, which is roughly triangular, is bounded on two of its three sides by the New King's Road section of the King's Road, A308 road and Parsons Green Lane. The wider neighbourhood is bounded by the Harwood and Wandsworth Bridge Roads, A217 road to the east and Munster Road to the west, while the Fulham Road, A3219 road may be said to define its northern boundary. Its southern boundary is less clearly defined as it merges quickly and imperceptibly with the Sulivan Court Estate and Hurlingham.

At its historic centre lie two open spaces, the Green itself and Eel Brook Common. The name stems from the original village green, after the former residence of the rectors of Fulham Parish. It is one of the Conservation areas in Hammersmith and Fulham, that extends from the borough boundary in the east to Fulham High Street in the west.

Dawes Road, London
Dawes Road or the A3219 is a street in Fulham, London.

It runs roughly west to east from Munster Road to North End Road.

The Doll's Hospital at no 16 was a toy shop and the scene of a triple murder in 1948.
2003 New York Jets season
The 2003 New York Jets season was the franchise's 34th season in the National Football League (NFL), the 44th season overall, and the third under head coach Herman Edwards. The team tried to improve upon its 9–7 record from 2002 and defend its AFC East title, but the Jets failed to do so and finished with a record of 6–10. The Jets finished with a losing record for the first time since their 1–15 campaign in 1996 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2000.

1996 New York Jets season
The 1996 New York Jets season was the franchise's 27th season in the National Football League (NFL) and the 37th overall. They failed to improve upon its league-worst 3–13 record from 1995 as they finished 1–15, which is the worst record in franchise history. As a result, head coach Rich Kotite stepped down before the season ended.

The Jets tied an NFL record that the New Orleans Saints set in 1980 and became the fifth team and first since the 1991 Indianapolis Colts to finish a season with fifteen losses. The record would be equaled by the 2000 San Diego Chargers, 2001 Carolina Panthers, and the 2007 Miami Dolphins before the 2008 Detroit Lions eclipsed it by becoming the first team to go through a sixteen-game season without a single victory.
The Shark Fishers
The Shark Fishers is a 1955 Australian radio play by Colin Thiele.

It aired on the ABC in 1955 under the direction of Leslie Rees and starring Denys Burrows.

It was very popular and was repeated it 1955, then recorded again in 1958 and 1962. It is probably Thiele's best known radio play.

Unlike Thiele's previous well known radio plays Burke and Wills and The Edge of Ice it was written in prose not verse.

The Edge of Ice
The Edge of Ice is a 1951 Australian radio play by Colin Thiele told the story of a handful of castaways in a boat in Antarctica.

It won first prize for best radio drama held by the ABC and the Federation of Commercial Stations in 1951 for Australia's Jubilee (Thiele also won Best Feature for The Golden Tide about wheat).

Leslie Rees later wrote "Of the Jubilee winners the future  holds most for Colin Thiele."
Enlinia
Enlinia is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. Flies in the genus are tiny, with a body length of around 1 mm. The genus is restricted to the New World. There are about 89 species described in the genus.

The genus was originally known as Collinellula, named by John Merton Aldrich in 1932. It was named in honor of J. E. Collin, who collected a specimen of the type species, Collinellula magistri (the specific name was also chosen to celebrate the ability of this collector). However, Collinellula was found to be preoccupied, so the genus was renamed to Enlinia by Aldrich in 1933, in honor of G. Enderlein, another collector of the type species.

John Merton Aldrich
John Merton Aldrich (January 28, 1866 – May 27, 1934) was an American entomologist. Aldrich was the Associate Curator of Insects at the United States National Museum. He is considered one of the most prolific entomologists in the study of flies.
Gnomic poetry
Gnomic poetry consists of meaningful sayings put into verse to aid the memory. They were known by the Greeks as gnomes (cf. the Greek adjective γνωμικός (gnomikos) "appertaining to an opinion or aphorism"). A gnome was defined by the Elizabethan critic Henry Peacham as "a saying pertaining to the manners and common practices of men, which declareth, with an apt brevity, what in this our life ought to be done, or not done".

It belongs to the broad family of wisdom literature, which expresses general truths about the world. Topics range over the divine and secular, from moral aphorisms to hierarchical social relationships.

Gilbert Murray
George Gilbert Aimé Murray OM FBA (2 January 1866 – 20 May 1957) was an Australian-born British classical scholar and public intellectual, who served as Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Oxford from 1908 to 1936. He was an outstanding scholar of the language and culture of Ancient Greece, perhaps the leading authority in the first half of the twentieth century. He is the basis for the character of Adolphus Cusins in his friend George Bernard Shaw's play Major Barbara, and also appears as the chorus figure in Tony Harrison's play Fram.

He served as President of the Ethical Union (now Humanists UK) from 1929 to 1930 and was a delegate at the inaugural World Humanist Congress in 1952 which established Humanists International. He was a leader of the League of Nations Society and the League of Nations Union, which promoted the League of Nations in Britain.

Murray died in Oxford in 1957, aged 91. His ashes were interred in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.
ABS-CBN Soundstage
The ABS-CBN Soundstage at the Horizon IT Park, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, is the main production facility of ABS-CBN. It is owned by ABS-CBN Corporation, and operated and managed by its division ABS-CBN Studios, Inc.

Although the original plan is to have a total of 10 soundstages with 2 stages each, only 1 soundstage with 2 stages have been completed as of 2018. No announcements have been made as of 2021 regarding the construction of the other soundstages.

The area also includes parking spaces, storage, visitors center, offices and other facilities. The cost of the project is estimated to be between ₱6 and 7.5 billion.

Star Cinema
ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc., doing business as Star Cinema, is a Filipino film studio based in Quezon City. Star Cinema is owned by the Filipino media and entertainment conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation and was incorporated on May 8, 1993, as Star Cinema Productions, Inc. with the help of Lily Monteverde and Regal Films. Since its inception, Star Cinema has produced some of the highest-grossing Filipino films of all time. Star Cinema has also been involved in the production of some TV series shown on ABS-CBN television network with Pangako Sa 'Yo in 2000 as its initial production.
Bibliography of Max Born
Max Born was a widely influential German physicist and mathematician who was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his pivotal role in the development of quantum mechanics. Born won the prize primarily for his contributions to the statistical interpretation of the wave function, though he is known for his work in several areas of quantum mechanics as well as solid-state physics, optics, and special relativity. Born's entry in the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society included thirty books and 330 papers.

Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society. The journal began in 1831 and was split into two series in 1905:

Series A: for papers in physical sciences and mathematics.

Series B: for papers in life sciences.

Many landmark scientific discoveries are published in the Proceedings, making it one of the most important science journals in history. The journal contains several articles written by prominent scientists such as Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Ernest Rutherford, Erwin Schrödinger, William Lawrence Bragg, Lord Kelvin, J.J. Thomson, James Clerk Maxwell, Dorothy Hodgkin and Stephen Hawking.

In 2004, the Royal Society began The Journal of the Royal Society Interface for papers at the interface of physical sciences and life sciences.