hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal heel prick
The neonatal heel prick is a blood-collection procedure done on newborns. It consists of making a pinprick puncture in one heel of the newborn to collect their blood. This technique is used frequently as the main way to collect blood from neonates.  Other techniques include venous or arterial needle sticks, cord blood sampling, or umbilical line collection. This technique is often used for the Guthrie test, where it is used to soak the blood into pre-printed collection cards known as Guthrie cards.

The classical Guthrie test is named after Robert Guthrie, an American bacteriologist and physician who devised it in 1962. The test has been widely used in North America and Europe as one of the core newborn screening tests since the late 1960s. The test was initially a bacterial inhibition assay, but is gradually being replaced in many areas by newer techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry that can detect a wider variety of congenital diseases.

Umbilical line
An umbilical line is a catheter that is inserted into one of the two arteries or the vein of the umbilical cord. Generally the UAC/UVC (Umbilical Artery Catheter/Umbilical Vein Catheter) is used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) as it provides quick access to the central circulation of premature infants. UAC/UVC lines can be placed at the time of birth and allow medical staff to quickly infuse fluids, inotropic drugs, and blood if required. It is sometimes used in term or near-term newborns in whom the umbilical cord stump is still connected to the circulatory system. Medications, fluids, and blood can be given through this catheter and it allows monitoring of blood gasses and withdrawing of blood samples. Transumbilical catheter intervention is also a method of gaining access to the heart, for example to surgically correct a patent ductus arteriosus.
Leiden school
The Leiden school is a school of thought in linguistics that models languages as memes or benign neurological parasites, and tries to use rigorous mathematical tools borrowed by analogy from biological evolution to model the origin and spread of language in general and specific languages in particular.

It is based at the University of Leiden, and its chief proponents are George van Driem, Frederik Kortlandt, and Jeroen Wiedenhof. The Leiden school has a significant overlap in personnel with the Himalayan Languages Project.

The Leiden school of linguistics should not be confused with the current research institute of linguistics at Leiden University, the Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL) or the methodology employed in the Indo-European Etymological Dictionary currently worked on at this institute.

Himalayan Languages Project
The Himalayan Languages Project, launched in 1993, is a research collective based at Leiden University and comprising much of the world's authoritative research on the lesser-known and endangered languages of the Himalayas, in Nepal, China, Bhutan, and India. Its members regularly spend months or years at a time doing field research with native speakers. The Director of the Himalayan Languages Project is George van Driem. Project members include Mark Turin and Jeroen Wiedenhof. The project recruits graduate students to collect field data on little-known languages for their Ph.D. dissertations.

The Himalayan Languages Project was officially commissioned by the government of Bhutan to devise a standard romanization of Dzongkha.

Since George van Driem's move to the University of Bern, many members of the Himalayan Languages Project are now based out of Switzerland.
1980 US Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tournament at the 1980 US Open was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. Bob Lutz and Stan Smith won the title, defeating John McEnroe and Peter Fleming in the final.

1980 US Open (tennis)
The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980.
Sentinel-5 Precursor
Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) is an Earth observation satellite developed by ESA as part of the Copernicus Programme to close the gap in continuity of observations between Envisat and Sentinel-5. It was launched in October 2017, and has a design life of 7 years. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi) provides the most detailed methane emissions monitoring available.

Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas.  It is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. Industrially, NO2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers.

Nitrogen dioxide is poisonous and can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. Cooking with a gas stove produces nitrogen dioxide which causes poorer indoor air quality. Combustion of gas can lead to increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide throughout the home environment which is linked to respiratory issues and diseases. The LC50 (median lethal dose)  for humans has been estimated to be 174 ppm for a 1-hour exposure. It is also included in the NOx family of atmospheric pollutants.
Toukley Hawks
The Toukley Hawks are an Australian rugby league football youth club based in the suburb of Toukley on the Central Coast of New South Wales. They have numerous teams competing in competitions run by the Central Coast Division of Country Rugby League, from U/7s through to First Grade. The Hawks' current home ground is Darren Kennedy Oval and their traditional colours are blue and gold. Toukley reached their maiden first grade Grand Final in 2022 and won against the Erina Eagles 20-10, their first premiership since the club began in 1967.

Central Coast Division Rugby League
Rugby League Central Coast is a rugby league competition based on the Central Coast of New South Wales between Sydney and Newcastle. The competition was founded in 1947 as a junior competition for the Newcastle club, Lakes United. The competition rapidly expanded and grew, so much so that in 1967, it was upgraded to full membership of the Country Rugby League as Group 12. In 1981, it was upgraded and renamed Central Coast Division. The division covers the entire region of the Central Coast from Woy Woy and Umina in the south up to Budgewoi and Gwandalan in the north. In 2023, CCDRL and CCDJRL merged under one banner to become Rugby League Central Coast. Senior Competition - RLCC, Junior Competition - RLCCJ
Turkish coffee
Turkish coffee is a style of coffee prepared in a cezve using very finely ground coffee beans without filtering or settling to remove the grounds.  Similar beverages go under different names in the Middle and Near East and eastern Europe.

Cardamom
Cardamom (/ˈkɑːrdəməm/), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; Elettaria pods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are dark brown and larger.

Species used for cardamom are native throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. The first references to cardamom are found in Sumer, and in Ayurveda. In the 21st century, it is cultivated mainly in India, Indonesia, and Guatemala.
2018 Khabarovsk Krai gubernatorial election
The 2018 Khabarovsk Krai gubernatorial election was held in September 2018. The first round was held on 9 September, on common election day, with none of the candidates gaining an absolute majority (50% + 1 vote), causing a run-off vote.

The second round was held on 23 September, between the top two candidates, the Liberal Democratic candidate Sergei Furgal and the incumbent Governor Vyacheslav Shport, nominated by the United Russia. Both of them scored 35% of the vote in the first round. In the second round, Sergei Furgal was elected Governor of Khabarovsk Krai with 69.57% of the vote.

Governor of Khabarovsk Krai
The governor of Khabarovsk Krai (Russian: Губернатор Хабаровского края) is the highest official of Khabarovsk Krai, a federal subject of Russia, situated in the Far Eastern region of the country. The governor is elected by direct popular vote for the term of five years.
Kühren-Burkartshain
Kühren-Burkartshain is a former municipality in the former district Muldentalkreis, Saxony. It was formed in 1994 by the merger of the municipalities Kühren and Burkartshain. In October 2006, it was merged into the town Wurzen.

Wurzen
Wurzen (German pronunciation: [ˈvʊʁtsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district Leipzig Land (voting) and Muldental (number plates), in Saxony, Germany. It is situated next to the river Mulde, here crossed by two bridges, 25 km east of Leipzig, by rail N.E. of Leipzig on the main line via Riesa to Dresden.

It has a cathedral dating from the twelfth century, a castle, at one time a residence of the bishops of Meissen and later utilized as law courts, several schools, an agricultural college and a police station including a prison.
Lower third
In the television industry, a lower third (alternatively known as a chyron) is a graphic overlay placed in the title-safe lower area of the screen, though not necessarily the entire lower third of it, as the name suggests.

In its simplest form, a lower third can just be text overlaying the video. Frequently this text is white with a drop shadow to make the words easier to read. A lower third can also contain graphical elements such as boxes, images or shading. Some lower thirds have animated backgrounds and text.

Lower thirds can be created using basic home-video editing software or professional-level equipment. This equipment makes use of video's alpha channel to determine what parts of the graphic or text should be transparent, allowing the video in the background to show through.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Hillar Hein
Hillar Hein (born 19 January 1954) is an Estonian ski jumper, Nordic combined skier and coach.

He was born in Tallinn. In 1998 he graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical Institute's Faculty of Physical Education.

He started his ski jumping exercising in 1964, coached by Uno Kajak, Enn Uhkai and Raimond Mürk. He is a multiple-time Estonian champion in ski jumping and Nordic combined skiing.

Since 1984 he has worked as a coach. His students include Jens Salumäe, Jaan Jüris, Kaarel Nurmsalu, and Artti Aigro.

Uno Kajak
Uno Kajak (9 May 1933 – 10 August 2019) was an Estonian skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Kajak graduated in 1948 from Rakvere Elementary School No. 2. In 1956 he graduated from Tartu State University (now the University of Tartu), having studied physical education.
Server Core
Server Core is a minimalistic Microsoft Windows Server installation option, debuted in Windows Server 2008. Server Core provides a server environment with functionality scaled back to core server features, and because of limited features, it has reduced servicing and management requirements, attack surface, disk and memory usage. Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core. A surface level examination would show that no Windows Explorer shell is installed. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command-line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console (MMC), remote server administration tools, and PowerShell.

Windows Notepad
Windows Notepad (commonly known simply as Notepad) is a simple text editor for Windows; it creates and edits plain text documents. It was first released in 1983 to commercialize the computer mouse in MS-DOS.
1999 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The Women's Road Race at the 1999 UCI Road World Championships was held on Saturday October 9, 1999, in Verona, Italy, over a total distance of 113,75 kilometres (seven laps). There were a total of 119 starters, with 93 cyclists finishing the race.

UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Women's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single 'mass start' road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored or trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (film)
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (Russian: Приключения Шерлока Холмса и доктора Ватсона) is a 1980 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's stories about Sherlock Holmes. It is the second film (episodes 3–5) in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson film series directed by Igor Maslennikov.

The film is based on three short stories by Conan Doyle: "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", "The Final Problem", and "The Adventure of the Empty House".

Dr. Watson
Dr. John H. Watson is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Along with Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson first appeared in the novel A Study in Scarlet (1887). "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place" (1927) is the last work of Doyle featuring Watson and Holmes, although their last appearance in the canonical timeline is in "His Last Bow" (1917).

As Holmes's friend and confidant, Watson has appeared in various films, television series, video games, comics and radio programmes.
2003 Sarasota Clay Court Classic
The 2003 Sarasota Clay Court Classic was a women's tennis event played on outdoor green clay courts in Sarasota, Florida in the United States that was part of the Tier IV category on the 2003 WTA Tour. It was the second and last edition of the tournament and was held from March 31 through April 6, 2003. Second-seeded Anastasia Myskina won the singles title.

2003 WTA Tour
The 2003 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2003 tennis season. The 2003 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the 2003 WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Historic Ohio Canals
Following is a list of historic canals that were once used for transportation in Ohio.

Hocking Canal - Branch of Ohio and Erie Canal

Miami and Erie Canal

Ohio and Erie Canal

Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal

Sandy and Beaver Canal

Wabash and Erie Canal

Walhonding Canal

Warren County Canal - Branch of Miami Erie Canal

Walhonding Canal
The Walhonding Canal was a canal in Coshocton County, Ohio that was used as a feeder canal for the Ohio and Erie Canal. A small canal, at only 25 miles (40.2 km) long, it was wholly contained within Coshocton County, following the Mohican River from Cavallo south to the confluence with the Kokosing River, which together with the Mohican forms the Walhonding River. The canal followed the Walhonding River southeast toward Coshocton where it met the Ohio and Erie Canal in Roscoe Village.
British Independent Film Award for Best Make-Up & Hair Design
The British Independent Film Award for Best Make-Up & Hair Design is an annual award given by the British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) to recognize the best make-up and hair design in a British independent film. The award was first presented in the 2017 ceremony.

Prior to 2017, make-up was included in the category Best Technical Achievement alongside different areas of crafts in film, this category was presented from 2001 to 2016.

British Independent Film Award for Best Technical Achievement
The British Independent Film Award for Best Technical Achievement was an annual award given by the British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) to recognize below-the-line professionals in various artisan areas in a British independent film. The award was first presented in the 2001 ceremony with Roman Osin being the first recipient of the award for his cinematography on The Warrior.

In May 2017, it was announced that this category would be replaced with nine more specific craft categories in order to better recognize the diverse behind the camera talent in British independent filmmaking.
Sombrerete
Sombrerete (Spanish: [sombɾeˈɾete] ⓘ) is a town and municipality located in the northwest region of the Mexican state of Zacatecas.

Sombrerete was founded in 1555 by Spanish conquistador Juan de Tolosa as a mining center. Due to the wealth that the mines provided, it was one of the most important towns in New Spain. The historical center of Sombrerete, La Noria de San Pantaleón, and the Sierra de Órganos National Park were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010, as a part of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (Royal Inland Road, or Silver Trail).

In 2012, Sombrerete was declared a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican Secretariat of Tourism. The total population of Sombrerete in 2020 was 63,665 inhabitants, with 50.6% woman, and 49.4% men.

Pueblos Mágicos
The Programa Pueblos Mágicos  (Spanish: [pweβloˈmaxiko] ⓘ; "Magical Towns Programme") is an initiative led by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism, with support from other federal agencies, to promote a series of towns around the country that offer visitors "cultural richness, historical relevance, cuisine, art crafts, and great hospitality". It is intended to increase tourism to more localities, especially smaller towns in rural areas.

The program promotes visiting small, rural towns, where visitors may see indigenous crafts, landscapes and other attractions. The Government created the 'Pueblos Mágicos' program to recognize places across the country that have certain characteristics and traditions that make them unique, and historically significant, offering "magical" experiences to visitors.
Concert in the Garden
Concert in the Garden is the fourth studio album by American jazz composer Maria Schneider. The album was released in 2004 by ArtistShare and won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album in 2005.

In 2019, the album was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album
The Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album has been presented since 1961.  From 1962 to 1971 and 1979 to 1991, the award title specified instrumental performances. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented for works released in the previous year.
Japan Coal Miners' Union
The Japan Coal Miners' Union (Japanese: 日本炭鉱労働組合, Tanro), was a trade union representing coal miners in Japan.

The union was established in 1950, initially with about 290,000 members.  It affiliated to the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan, and later to its successor, RENGO.  It was perhaps the most powerful union in Japan during the 1950s.  In 2002, the last coal mine in Japan closed, and this led the union to dissolve in November 2004.

Sōhyō
The General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (日本労働組合総評議会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōhyōgikai), often abbreviated to Sōhyō (総評), was a left-leaning union confederation. Founded in 1950, it was the largest labor federation in Japan for several decades.
Şehzade Mehmed Orhan
Şehzade Mehmed Orhan Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: محمد اور خان; also Mehmed Orhan Osmanoğlu; 12 October 1909 – 12 March 1994) was an Ottoman prince and the 42nd head of the Ottoman dynasty from 1983 to 1994. He was the advisor of King Zog I of the Albanians and succeeded as head of the Ottoman dynasty on 9 December 1983, following the death of Şehzade Ali Vâsib.

Şehzade Ali Vasib
Şehzade Ali Vâsib Efendi (also Ali Vasib Osmanoğlu; 13 October 1903 – 9 December 1983) was an Ottoman prince. From 1977 to his death in 1983, he was the 41st head of the Imperial House of Osman, the Ottoman royal dynasty.
Iliokali
Iliokali  (Greek: Ηλιόκαλη, before 1927: Μορκιούς - Morkious) is a village and community in the municipal unit of Pamvotida, Ioannina regional unit, Greece. It is situated at the foot of the mountain Driskos, southeast of Lake Ioannina. The A2 Egnatia Odos motorway (Thessaloniki - Ioannina - Igoumenitsa) passes northwest of the village. Iliokali is 4 km southeast of Kastritsa and 11 km southeast of Ioannina. The community covers 3.30 km2 (1.27 sq mi) and is built in forests with many springs. It took its present name from the nearby Iliokali Monastery. Its inhabitants are mainly engaged in agriculture (livestock) and construction. It is known for its traditionally distilled tsipouro.

Lake Pamvotida
Lake Pamvotida or  Pamvotis (Greek: Λίμνη Παμβώτιδα/Παμβώτις), also known as the Lake of Ioannina (Greek: Λίμνη των Ιωαννίνων, Limni ton Ioanninon), is the largest lake in Epirus, located in the central part of the Ioannina regional unit in northern Greece. The regional capital Ioannina to the west and the town of Perama to the north are urban settlements fringing the lake while the remaining of its periphery is composed of farmland. The lake features small fishing ports and a boating port. There is a regular boat service to the Ioannina Island, which is inhabited and located within the lake. The Greek National Road 6 surrounds the northern half of the lake.
2014–15 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by 11th year head coach John Thompson III, were members of the Big East Conference, and played their home games at the Verizon Center. They finished the season 22–11, 12–6 in Big East play to finish in a tie for second place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Big East tournament where they lost to Xavier. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they defeated Eastern Washington in the second round before losing in the third round to Utah.

2014–15 Providence Friars men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Providence Friars men's basketball team represented Providence College during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Friars, led by fourth-year head coach Ed Cooley, played their home games at the Dunkin' Donuts Center, and were members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 22–12, 11–7 in Big East play to finish in fourth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Big East tournament where they lost to Villanova. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the second round to Dayton.