hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phonological history of Old English
The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence. These included a number of vowel shifts, and the palatalisation of velar consonants in many positions.

For historical developments prior to the Old English period, see Proto-Germanic language.

I-mutation
I-mutation (also known as umlaut, front mutation, i-umlaut, i/j-mutation or i/j-umlaut) is a type of sound change in which a back vowel is fronted or a front vowel is raised if the following syllable contains /i/, /iː/ or /j/ (a voiced palatal approximant, sometimes called yod, the sound of English ⟨y⟩ in yes). It is a category of regressive metaphony, or vowel harmony.

The term is usually used by scholars of the Germanic languages: it is particularly important in the history of the Germanic languages because inflectional suffixes with an /i/ or /j/ led to many vowel alternations that are still important in the morphology of the languages.
Nadja West
Nadja Yudith West (née Grammer; March 20, 1961) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general and the 44th Surgeon General of the United States Army and former Commanding General of the United States Army Medical Command. West, a physician, was the first black Army Surgeon General, and was the first black female active-duty major general and the first black female major general in Army Medicine. West is also the first Army black female lieutenant general. She is the highest ranking woman to have graduated from the United States Military Academy.

Surgeon General of the United States Army
The surgeon general of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD). By policy, the surgeon general (TSG) serves as commanding general, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) as well as head of the AMEDD. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) and are located in Falls Church, Virginia.

Since 1959, TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general. By law, TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD. However, prior to the 43rd surgeon general, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho — an Army Nurse Corps officer — all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers — military physicians. The incumbent surgeon general is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre.
Japanese submarine I-37
I-37, originally numbered I-49, was a Japanese Type B1 submarine in service with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Commissioned in 1943, she made three war patrols, all in the Indian Ocean, during the last of which her crew committed war crimes by massacring the survivors of the merchant ships she sank. Subsequently, converted into a kaiten manned suicide attack torpedo carrier, she was sunk during her first kaiten mission in 1944.

Kossol Roads
Kossol Roads is a large body of reef-enclosed water north of Babeldaob in northern Palau at 07°48′N 134°36′E﻿ / ﻿7.800°N 134.600°E﻿ / 7.800; 134.600﻿ (Kossol Roads).

Kossol Roads is also known as: Kossol Passage, Kawassak, Garaseg, Kanal von Kossol, Kossol Durchfahrt, Kossoi Passage, Kosusoru-suido, Toachel Ngkesol, Kawassak, and Ngkesol.

At the outbreak of World War II, Kossol Roads was under Japanese control. American forces seized it in September 1944, after which the United States Navy used it as the location of a floating resupply and repair base and waypoint for convoys at Naval Base Kossol Roads.
Ramadan T20 Cup
The Ramadan T20 Cup, sponsored as the Advance Telecom Ramadan T20 Cup, was a one-off a professional Twenty20 cricket tournament held in Karachi, Pakistan from 6 to 25 July 2013, during the holy month of Ramadan. The cup was contested by different departments as opposed to the regional associations that competed in the Faysal Bank T20 Cup.

The tournament was contested by ten teams through a round-robin group stage, followed by semi-finals and a final.

Habib Bank Limited won the cup in a one-over eliminator, after the final against Pakistan International Airlines resulted in a tie.

National T20 Cup
The National T20 Cup is a men's professional domestic Twenty20 cricket competition in Pakistan. Established in 2005, it is one of the world's oldest Twenty20 cricket leagues. It was the principal T20 competition in the country until 2016, when the Pakistan Super League (PSL) franchise tournament was introduced. Since 2019–20, the National T20 Cup has been contested by six regional teams, having previously been contested mainly by teams representing the various city, district and area cricket associations.

The league's team offices are directed out of its head offices located at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore. Lahore Blues are the defending champions, having won the 2024-25 edition.
Northern Valley Yokuts
Northern Valley Yokuts is a dialect network within the Valley Yokuts division of the Yokutsan languages spoken in the Central Valley of California. Among the languages belonging to the network are Chawchila, Nopṭinṭe, Kechayi, Dumna, Dalinchi, Toltichi, and Chukchansi. Of these, Kechayi, Dumna, Dalinchi, Toltichi, and Chukchansi are frequently grouped under the label Northern Hill dialects.

As of 2024, Chukchansi is the only surviving variety.

Yokuts language
Yokuts (/ˈjoʊkəts/), formerly known as Mariposa, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokuts people. The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush. While descendants of Yokuts speakers currently number in the thousands, all constituent dialects apart from Valley Yokuts are now extinct.

The Yawelmani dialect of Valley Yokuts has been a focus of much linguistic research.
1904 Republican National Convention
The 1904 Republican National Convention was held in the Chicago Coliseum, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, on June 21 to June 23, 1904.

The popular President Theodore Roosevelt had easily ensured himself of the nomination; a threat had come from the Old Guard favourite Ohio Senator Mark Hanna, the loyal kingmaker in Republican politics, but he died early in 1904, which ended any opposition to Roosevelt within the Republican Party.

There were also very informal talks with future president William Howard Taft about trying for the nomination, but Taft refused these motions as evidenced by a letter to Henry Hoyt, the Solicitor General, in 1903.

Roosevelt was nominated by 994 votes to none, while the only other serious opponent to Roosevelt, Indiana Senator Charles W. Fairbanks, was nominated for vice president by acclaimation.

Albert J. Beveridge
Albert Jeremiah Beveridge (October 6, 1862 – April 27, 1927) was an American historian and United States senator from Indiana. He was an intellectual leader of the Progressive Era and a biographer of Chief Justice John Marshall and President Abraham Lincoln.
Nuno Viriato Tavares de Melo Egídio
Nuno Viriato Tavares de Melo Egídio (Tomar, 18 February 1922 – Lisbon, 7 December 2011) was a Portuguese general.

He served as Governor of Macau from 1979 to 1981. He was also head of the Armed Forces General Staff from 1981 to 1984.

Governor of Macau
The governor of Macau (Portuguese: Governador de Macau; Chinese: 澳門總督) was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called captain-major (Portuguese: Capitão-mor). The post was replaced on 20 December 1999 upon the handover of Macau to China by the office of the chief executive of Macau.
Lassie Come Home
Lassie Come Home is a 1943 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Technicolor feature film starring Roddy McDowall and  canine actor Pal, in a story about the profound bond between Yorkshire boy Joe Carraclough and his rough collie, Lassie. The film was directed by Fred M. Wilcox from a screenplay by Hugo Butler based upon the 1940 novel Lassie Come-Home by Eric Knight. The film was the first in a series of seven MGM films starring "Lassie".

In 1993, Lassie Come Home was included in the annual selection of 25 motion pictures added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and recommended for preservation.

The original film saw a sequel, Son of Lassie in 1945 with five other films following at intervals through the 1940s. A British remake of the 1943 movie was released in 2005 as Lassie to moderate success. The film has been released to VHS and DVD.

Lassie (2005 film)
Lassie is a 2005 adventure comedy-drama film based on Eric Knight's 1940 novel Lassie Come-Home about the profound bond between Joe Carraclough and his rough collie, Lassie. The film was directed, written, and co-produced by Charles Sturridge and is a production of Samuel Goldwyn Films. The film stars Jonathan Mason and was distributed by Roadside Attractions and released in the UK on 16 December 2005. Filming took place in Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. The supporting cast features Peter O'Toole, Samantha Morton, Peter Dinklage, Edward Fox, and John Lynch. The film was generally reviewed positively by critics, but performed poorly at the box office.
Nautanwa Assembly constituency
Nautanwa is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Nautanwa in the Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Nautanwa is one of five assembly constituencies in the Maharajganj Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 316 amongst 403 constituencies.

Maharajganj district
Maharajganj district is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India, and the town of Maharajganj is the district headquarters. District is a part Gorakhpur division. It is located in Terai region of Himalayas, bordering Nepal in North. Gandak, Rapti, Maharajganj is located north eastern Uttar Pradesh.Rohin are some major river flowing through the district. The current Collector and District Magistrate of Maharajganj is Shri Santosh Kumar Sharma, IAS.
Schmidt decomposition
In linear algebra, the Schmidt decomposition (named after its originator Erhard Schmidt) refers to a particular way of expressing a vector in the tensor product of two inner product spaces. It has numerous applications in quantum information theory, for example in entanglement characterization and in state purification, and plasticity.

Partial trace
In linear algebra and functional analysis, the partial trace is a generalization of the trace.  Whereas the trace is a scalar-valued function on operators, the partial trace is an operator-valued function.  The partial trace has applications in quantum information and decoherence which is relevant for quantum measurement and thereby to the decoherent approaches to interpretations of quantum mechanics, including consistent histories and the relative state interpretation.
Intercontinental Cup (baseball)
The Intercontinental Cup was a baseball tournament between the members of the then-International Baseball Federation (IBAF). It was first held in 1973 in Italy, and was held every other year following until 1999.

After 1999, the tournament was held every few four years—in 2002, 2006 and 2010. The tournament was dominated by Cuba which won 10 gold and 3 silver in 16 tournaments. The most recent tournament was held in 2010, in Taichung, Taiwan, and appears to have been the last time the tournament was held.

The first two tournaments, in 1973 and 1975,  were organized by the IBAF splinter group FEMBA during a period of international baseball conflict. The groups reunited in 1976 and continued to present the competition.

1973 Intercontinental Cup (baseball)
The 1973 Intercontinental Cup was the inaugural edition of the long-running international baseball tournament. It was held in Italy.

Bruno Beneck, president of the Italian baseball federation (FIBS) was dissatisfied with the Latin American predominance of the worldwide governing body for the sport of baseball, the International Baseball Federation (FIBA). Beneck formed a splinter group called FEMBA, which organized the 1973 tournament.

The two groups merged back together in 1976 and continued to play the series.
Miss Massachusetts
Miss Massachusetts 2025 is Khailah Griffin. The Miss Massachusetts competition is a scholarship pageant put on annually by the Miss Massachusetts Scholarship Foundation, Inc. The winner of the pageant receives the title of Miss Massachusetts and represents the state of Massachusetts at the  Miss America pageant.

Khailah Griffin of Cambridge was crowned Miss Massachusetts 2025 on June 21, 2025, at Hanover Theatre in Worcester, Massachusetts. She competed for the title for Miss America 2026 in Orlando Florida.

Miss America award winners
The most frequently presented Miss America awards are for preliminary talent and swimsuit. The talent award was introduced in 1936, and the swimsuit award in 1940. In the 2000s, preliminary awards for evening gown and interview were briefly introduced but were discontinued after two years as it was felt that they made the semi-finalists too predictable.

Other awards include Miss Congeniality, given out in the early years of the pageant and re-introduced at Miss America 2006, and the Quality of Life Award for a contestant's platform, first awarded in 1989.
West Scottsdale, Tasmania
West Scottsdale is a rural locality in the local government area of Dorset in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of the town of Scottsdale. The 2016 census determined a population of 58 for the state suburb of West Scottsdale.

Scottsdale, Tasmania
Scottsdale is the largest town in north-east Tasmania, Australia, serving as the administrative and economic centre of the Dorset Council region. Located on the Tasman Highway, it connects Launceston to the east coast and acts as a key service hub for surrounding agricultural areas. The town has a strong historical association with potato and dairy farming, forestry, and poppy cultivation, industries that continue to support its economy. In recent years, Scottsdale has expanded into tourism, with attractions such as Barnbougle Dunes Golf Links and the Bridestowe Lavender Estate farm drawing visitors. It is also home to the Defence Science and Technology Group's nutrition research facility.

Scottsdale is part of the federal Division of Bass and the state electoral division of the same name. According to the 2021 Australian census, Scottsdale had a population of 2,408 residents.
1981 Avon Championships of Boston
The 1981 Avon Championships of Boston  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Boston University Walter Brown Arena in Boston, Massachusetts in the United States that was part of the 1981 Avon Championships circuit. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from March 16 through March 22, 1981. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title and earned $30,000 first-prize money.

1981 WTA Tour
The 1981 World Championship Series was the 9th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on January 4, 1981, and concluded on December 19, 1981, after 36 events. The  World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The year is divided into two sponsors with the first three months sponsored by Avon Series and the latter part by Toyota Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Superior ulnar collateral artery
The superior ulnar collateral artery (inferior profunda artery), of small size, arises from the brachial artery a little below the middle of the arm; it frequently springs from the upper part of the a. profunda brachii.

It pierces the medial intermuscular septum, and descends on the surface of the medial head of the Triceps brachii to the space between the medial epicondyle and olecranon, accompanied by the ulnar nerve, and ends under the Flexor carpi ulnaris by anastomosing with the posterior ulnar recurrent, and inferior ulnar collateral.

It sometimes sends a branch in front of the medial epicondyle, to anastomose with the anterior ulnar recurrent.

Deep artery of arm
The deep artery of arm (also known as deep brachial artery) is a large artery of the arm which arises from the brachial artery. It descends in the arm before ending by anastomosing with the radial recurrent artery.
OFI Crete B.C.
OFI Crete B.C. (Greek: Ό.Φ.Η. K.A.E.) is a Greek professional basketball club that is located on the Greek island of Crete, in Heraklion. It is a part of the OFI Crete multi sports club. The club's full name is Club of Fans of Heraklion 1925 (Όμιλος Φιλάθλων Ηρακλείου 1925).

Greek C Basket League
The Greek C Basket League, or Greek C Basketball League (Greek: Ελληνική Γ Μπάσκετ Λιγκ), is a national basketball league in Greece. It is the 4th-tier level of the basketball league system in Greece, and was founded in 1985. It is also known as National League 2. It is organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation (E.O.K.).

It began in the 1987–88 season, and originally took place with a league format of two groups. Currently, the league consists of five groups, with an overall total of 53 teams.
Kevin Kelly (announcer)
Kevin Foote (born May 9, 1967) is an American sportscaster, radio host,  and professional wrestling color commentator, executive, manager, pundit, and former ring announcer, better known by his ring name Kevin Kelly. He previously worked for WWE from 1996 to 2003, Major League Wrestling in 2004, Ring of Honor (ROH) from 2010 to 2017, New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) from 2015 to 2023 and All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2023 to 2024.

ECWA Heavyweight Championship
ECWA Heavyweight Championship is the top title contested in the independent professional wrestling promotion East Coast Wrestling Association. The current champion is Travis Lee, who is in his first reign.
2016 North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction election
The 2016 North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction, concurrently with the 2016 presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, the Council of State, and other state, local, and judicial elections.

Incumbent Democratic state superintendent June Atkinson ran for re-election to a fourth term in office, but was defeated by Republican attorney Mark Johnson in what was considered an upset.

2016 North Carolina judicial elections
One justice of the seven-member North Carolina Supreme Court and five judges of the 15-member North Carolina Court of Appeals were elected by North Carolina voters on November 8, 2016, concurrently with other state elections. Terms for seats on each court are eight years.

Elections for seats on both courts were technically nonpartisan, but under a bill passed by the legislature and signed into law by Gov. Pat McCrory in 2015, House Bill 8, the party affiliations of Court of Appeals candidates were printed on the ballot. Court of Appeals candidates of all party affiliations would still run in one primary under the law, while the top two vote-getters, regardless of party, would advance to the general election. Primary elections would have been held on March 15, 2016, for seats with more than two candidates, but in the end, only two candidates filed for each Court of Appeals seat.
Penny Streeter
Penny Streeter OBE (born 1 August 1967) is an English entrepreneur and founder of the A24 Group, comprising Ambition 24hours, Arabella Health Staffing and the NS Health Staffing. Penny Streeter established the medical staffing group in Sutton, England, in 1996, working with her mother Marion.

Locum
A locum, or locum tenens, is a person who temporarily fulfills the duties of another; the term is especially used for physicians or clergy. For example, a locum tenens physician is a physician who works in the place of the regular physician. In the Catholic Church, an example of a locum tenens is an apostolic administrator, often a bishop who temporarily governs a vacant see until a new ordinary is appointed.

Locum tenens is a Latin phrase meaning "place holding", akin to the Greek topoteretes, or French lieutenant.
Gilgamesh Night
Gilgamesh Night (ギルガメッシュないと / ギルガメッシュ・ナイト) was a Japanese softcore porn variety TV show broadcast from October 1991 to March 1998. Airing early Sunday mornings at 1:15 a.m. JST on TV Tokyo, the hour-long show helped launch the career of one of its late hosts, Ai Iijima, who afterwards moved into a more mainstream career.

Softcore pornography
Softcore pornography or softcore porn is commercial still photography, film, imagery, text or audio content that has a pornographic or erotic component but which is less sexually graphic than hardcore pornography, lacking sexual penetration and other sexual activities. It typically contains nude or semi-nude models or actors in suggestive poses or scenes, and is intended to be sexually arousing and beautiful in an aesthetic sense.

The distinction between softcore pornography and erotic photography, or erotic art such as Vargas girl pin-ups, is largely a matter of debate. When the subject is naked, the image must be differentiated from nude art, and photos belong within the broader category of nude photography.
SM Seaside City
SM Seaside City, also known locally as SM Seaside and formerly but still officially known on exterior signage as SM Seaside City Cebu, is a large shopping mall owned and developed by SM Prime Holdings in South Road Properties, Cebu City, Philippines. The mall opened on November 27, 2015, exactly 22 years after SM City Cebu, another mall also owned by SM Prime in Cebu City, opened in 1993.

As of 2025, it is the 2nd largest mall in Cebu, the fifth largest shopping mall in the Philippines and the seventeenth in the world, with a gross floor area (GFA) of approximately 470,486 square meters. SM Seaside is SM Prime Holdings' third mall in Metro Cebu and its 56th mall in the Philippines. The mall is designed by Arquitectonica, the same company which designed other SM Supermalls, such as SM North EDSA, SM Mall of Asia, and SM Megamall.

SM Megamall
SM Megamall, formerly known as SM Megamall Ortigas and colloquially known as Megamall, is a shopping mall located in Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines, developed and operated by SM Prime Holdings. Opened in 1991, it is the third SM Supermall, after SM North EDSA and SM City Sta. Mesa. It is the third largest shopping mall in the Philippines and one of the largest malls in the world. The mall occupies a land area of approximately 10 hectares (25 acres) and has a total floor area of 474,000 square meters (5,100,000 sq ft). The mall has a maximum capacity of 4 million people attracting over 350,000 shoppers on weekdays and over 500,000 shoppers on weekends.
Ligoua
Ligoua (also known as Likhoua, Ligua, Ligwa, and Ligoua-Zewia) is a village located in Haut-Mbomou, Central African Republic. The village has received several attacks from LRA from 2008 to 2020. Food is the reason for LRA to raid Ligoua.

Obo
Obo is the capital of Haut-Mbomou, one of the 20 prefectures of the Central African Republic. It is close to the African Pole of Inaccessibility, the point of the continent furthest from the sea, about 1,814 km (1,127 mi) from the coast.