hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electronic grade book
An electronic grade book is a teacher's online record of their students' lessons, assignments, progress, and grades.  An electronic grade book interfaces with a student information system which houses a school district's student records including grades, attendance medical records, transcripts, student schedules, and other data.  Some electronic grade books make grades, homework, and student schedules available online to parents and students.

In 2010 the British Government agency for ICT in education, BECTA, put in place a requirement for report cards for all pupils in the comprehensive school system to have their reports made available to parents online.

Student information system
A student information  system (SIS), student management system, school administration software or student administration system is a management information system for education sector establishments used to manage student data. It supports communication between students, parents, teachers and the administration. Student information systems provide capabilities for registering students in courses; documenting grading, transcripts of academic achievement and co-curricular activities, and the results of student assessment scores; forming student schedules; tracking student attendance; generating reports and managing other student-related data needs in an educational institution.

Information security is a concern, as universities house an array of sensitive personal information, making them potentially attractive targets for security breaches, such as those experienced by retail corporations or healthcare providers.
Roman Soltykewych
Roman Soltykewych (Ukrainian: Роман Солтикевич; February 4, 1909 – November 17, 1976) was a Ukrainian-Canadian conductor of the Ukrainian Dnipro Ensemble of Edmonton and the father of Orest Soltykevych.

Soltykewych was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the town of Ulucz, located in what is now Poland in the area known as Lemkivshchyna. He went to primary school in Ulucz before travelling to Przemyśl for middle school. Soltykewych continued his studies at the Musical Institute of Mykola Lysenko in Lviv, Ukraine. After the Second World War, Soltykewych travelled through Austria to France before emigrating to Edmonton, Canada. Soltykewych maintained friendships with writers, poets, artists, cultural and public figures, and was well acquainted with Ivan Franko, a famous Ukrainian poet.

Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko PhD (Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced [iˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ]; 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, translator, economist, political activist, ethnographer, and the author of the first detective novels and modern poetry in Ukrainian.

Franko was a political radical, and a founder of the socialist and nationalist movement in Western Ukraine. In addition to his own literary work, he also translated into Ukrainian the works of such renowned figures as William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Dante Alighieri, Victor Hugo, Adam Mickiewicz, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. His translations appeared on the stage of the Ruska Besida Theatre. Along with Taras Shevchenko, he has had a tremendous influence on modern literary and political thought in Ukraine.
HTTP header injection
HTTP header injection is a general class of web application security vulnerability which occurs when Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers are dynamically generated based on user input. Header injection in HTTP responses can allow for HTTP response splitting, session fixation via the Set-Cookie header, cross-site scripting (XSS), and malicious redirect attacks via the location header. XSS attacks can be blocked with the use of an extension such as NoScript or Malwarebytes Browser Guard on your browser.

Session fixation
In computer network security, session fixation attacks attempt to exploit the vulnerability of a system that allows one person to fixate (find or set) another person's session identifier.  Most session fixation attacks are web based, and most rely on session identifiers being accepted from URLs (query string) or POST data.
Deine Lakaien
Deine Lakaien is a German band project active since 1985. It is formed by the vocalist Alexander Veljanov and by the composer and multi-instrumentalist Ernst Horn. The group unites influences from dark wave with pop music and elements of avant-garde.

20th-century classical music
20th-century classical music is  Western art music that was written between 1901 and 2000, inclusive. Musical style diverged during the 20th century as it never had previously, so this century was without a dominant style. Modernism, impressionism, and post-romanticism can all be traced to the decades before the turn of the 20th century, but can be included because they evolved beyond the musical boundaries of the 19th-century styles that were part of the earlier common practice period. neoclassicism and expressionism came mostly after 1900. Minimalism started later in the century and can be seen as a change from the modern to postmodern era, although some date postmodernism from as early as about 1930. Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, and electronic music were all developed during the century. Jazz and ethnic folk music became important influences on many composers during this century.
Eocyathispongia
Eocyathispongia is a genus of sponge-like organisms which lived in the Ediacaran period about 60 million years before the Cambrian. The current fossil record has found this genus in only one location, the Doushantuo Formation in  Guizhou, China. It lived in the shallow parts of seas, filter feeding.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
3C 334
3C 334 is a powerful radio-loud quasar located in the constellation of Hercules, about 5.2 billion light years away from Earth. It has a redshift of (z) 0.555. First discovered as an astronomical radio source in 1965, the object is classified as a lobe-dominated quasar showing signs of superluminal motion.

Hercules (constellation)
Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythology hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is the fifth-largest of the modern constellations and is the largest of the 50 which have no stars brighter than apparent magnitude +2.5.
End of the Spear (book)
End of the Spear is a book written by Steve Saint. It was published in connection with the film of the same name. The book chronicles the continuing story that began with Elisabeth Elliot's 1957 bestseller Through Gates of Splendor.

The book focuses on the Waodani tribe of eastern Ecuador, and their progression from being known as violent savages to followers of Christ. It also tells the story of the life of Steve Saint and his eventual partnership with Mincaye, the same man who killed his father, Nate Saint.

Nate Saint
Nathanael Saint (30 August 1923 – 8 January 1956) was an evangelical Christian missionary pilot who, along with four others, was killed in Ecuador while attempting to evangelize the Huaorani people through efforts known as Operation Auca.
AF Leporis
AF Leporis, also known as HD 35850, is a young variable star located 87.5 light-years (26.8 parsecs) away from the Solar System in the constellation of Lepus. With an apparent magnitude of 6.3, it is near the limit of naked eye visibility under ideal conditions. AF Leporis is a member of the Beta Pictoris moving group, with an astronomically young age of about 24 million years. It hosts a circumstellar disk and one known exoplanet.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
2009 U.S. Cellular 250
The 2009 U.S. Cellular 250 was a NASCAR Nationwide Series race held at Iowa Speedway in Newton, Iowa on August 1, 2009. The race was the first ever Nationwide Series race to be held in Iowa. It was also the 21st race of the 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series. Ricky Stenhouse Jr., making his 6th career Nationwide Series start, won the pole for the race but it was Brad Keselowski who would dominate the race, leading the most laps and winning the first ever race in Iowa.

2007 Iowa Corn Indy 250
The 2007 Iowa Corn Indy 250 was a race in the 2007 IRL IndyCar Series. It was held over the weekend of June 22–24, 2007, as the eighth round of the seventeen-race calendar. It was the inaugural race at the brand-new 0.875-mile (1.408 km) Iowa Speedway.
2009 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2009 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I zonal competition involving teams from Asia and Oceania. Using the positions determined in their pools, the eight teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2009 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I. The top team advanced to the World Group II, and the bottom team were relegated down to the Group II for the next year.

2009 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2009 World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2010 World Group II, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Advanced Simulation Library
Advanced Simulation Library (ASL) is a free and open-source hardware-accelerated multiphysics simulation platform. It enables users to write customized numerical solvers in C++ and deploy them on a variety of massively parallel architectures, ranging from inexpensive FPGAs, DSPs and GPUs up to heterogeneous clusters and supercomputers. Its internal computational engine is written in OpenCL and utilizes matrix-free solution techniques. ASL implements variety of modern numerical methods, i.a. level-set method, lattice Boltzmann, immersed boundary. The mesh-free, immersed boundary approach allows users to move from CAD directly to simulation, reducing pre-processing efforts and number of potential errors. ASL can be used to model various coupled physical and chemical phenomena, especially in the field of computational fluid dynamics.
It is distributed under the free GNU Affero General Public License with an optional commercial license (which is based on the permissive MIT License).

Level-set method
The Level-set method (LSM) is a conceptual framework for using level sets as a tool for numerical analysis of surfaces and shapes. LSM can perform numerical computations involving curves and surfaces on a fixed Cartesian grid without having to parameterize these objects. LSM makes it easier to perform computations on shapes with sharp corners and shapes that change topology (such as by splitting in two or developing holes). These characteristics make LSM effective for modeling objects that vary in time, such as an airbag inflating or a drop of oil floating in water.
Paul Păltănea
Paul Păltănea (born June 25, 1924, Bucharest – died January 25, 2008, Galați) was a Romanian historian. He was known as an outstanding researcher, author of scientific works, doctor in history, laureate of the Romanian Academy and member of the International Academy of Genealogy in Paris, the author of the monograph History of the city of Galați from its origins to 1918, a monumental work appreciated as one of the best monographs written in Romania.

Sever Zotta Romanian Institute of Genealogy and Heraldry
The Sever Zotta Romanian Institute of Genealogy and Heraldry (Romanian: Institutul Român de Genealogie și Heraldică „Sever Zotta”) is a research institute located in Iași. The institute was established in 1999, being registered as a non-profit organization on January 14, 1999.

The founding members of the institute are:
Meppen
Meppen (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛpm̩] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Möppen) is a town in and the seat of the Emsland district of Lower Saxony, Germany, at the confluence of the Ems, Hase, and Nordradde rivers and the Dortmund–Ems Canal (DEK).  The name stems from the word Mappe, meaning "delta".

As of 2023, the population of Meppen is 36,137.

Lingen, Germany
Lingen (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪŋən] ⓘ), officially Lingen (Ems), is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. In 2024, its population was 59,896 with 2,262 people who had registered the city as their secondary residence. Lingen, specifically "Lingen (Ems)" is located on the river Ems in the southern part of the Emsland District, which borders North Rhine-Westphalia in the south and the Netherlands in the west.
Peoria Notre Dame High School
Peoria Notre Dame High School is a Catholic parochial high school in Peoria, Illinois. It is the largest school in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria with approximately 815 students. It has a college preparatory curriculum, and according to the school, most of the students graduating in recent years went on to college. The school uses an academy system with a trustee committee, oversight board, pastor's board, president, and principal.

Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet
The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (CSJ) are a Catholic congregation of women religious which traces its origins to the Sisters of St. Joseph founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, around 1650. The design of the congregation was based on the spirituality of the Society of Jesus. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet became a separate congregation of pontifical right on May 16, 1877.
Shaved doors
Shaved doors are doors on an automobile that do not have handles on the outside of the vehicle, in order to maintain a smooth look. It was pioneered by customiser Harry Westergard in California. The modification may also increase security as there is no keyhole to pick or handle to grab.

Shaved doors are popular on many types of custom cars, including hot rods, muscle cars, tuned cars, trucks, and mini trucks. It is also a traditional modification on many lead sleds, dating back to the 1940s. Typically, a solenoid is used to open the door, which can be triggered by button or remote. They can also often be opened mechanically with a hidden cable release.

Car tuning
Car tuning is the modification of a car to optimise it for a different set of performance requirements from those it was originally designed to meet. Most commonly this is higher engine performance and dynamic handling characteristics but cars may also be altered to provide better fuel economy, or smoother response. The goal when tuning is the improvement of a vehicle's overall performance in response to the user's needs. Often, tuning is done at the expense of emissions performance, component reliability and occupant comfort.

As a culture has grown around modified cars the term tuning has grown to encompass the cosmetic and stylistic changes owners make to personalize their vehicles. These changes can range from functional modifications designed to improve the performance or functionality of the car, to visual modifications which alter the aesthetics of the car and, in the case of certain mods, sometimes be detrimental to the performance or functionality of the car.
8-inch/55-caliber gun
The 8"/55 caliber gun (spoken "eight-inch-fifty-five-caliber") formed the main battery of United States Navy heavy cruisers and two early aircraft carriers.  United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun barrel had an internal diameter of 8 inches (203 mm), and the barrel was 55 calibers long (barrel length is 8 inch × 55 = 440 inches or 36.6 feet or 11 meters).

USS Louisville (CA-28)
USS Louisville (CL/CA-28), a Northampton-class cruiser, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the city of Louisville, Kentucky. She was active throughout the Pacific War. USS Louisville was the first large warship to be built in a drydock.

Louisville was launched on 1 September 1930 at the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, sponsored by Miss Jane Brown Kennedy,  and commissioned on 15 January 1931. Louisville since commissioning day has carried, on the prominent bulkhead, a shoe of the great stallion, Man o' War, as a talisman against evil.

She was originally classified as a light cruiser, CL-28, because of her thin armor. Effective 1 July 1931, Louisville was redesignated a heavy cruiser, CA-28, because of her 8-inch guns in accordance with the provisions of the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
Hailuogou
Hailuogou (Chinese: 海螺沟; pinyin: Hǎiluógōu; lit. 'Sea conch ravine'; Tibetan: དུང་དཀར་ལུང་པ, Wylie: dung dkar lung pa, THL: Dungkar Lungpa) is a glacier located in Luding County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. It is a feature of Hailuogou Glacier Forest Park. The glacier is next to Moxi and over 319 km (198 mi) southwest of Chengdu. It is a 5A-level (AAAAA) tourist attraction in China. It is famous for its low-altitude modern glaciers, large ice waterfalls and alpine hot springs. The glacier originates from Mount Gongga.

AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China
AAAAA (Chinese: 国家5A级旅游景区; pinyin: Guójiā Wǔ "A" jí Lǚyóu Jǐngqū) is awarded to the most important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China, given the highest level in the rating categories used by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of 2025, there are 359 tourist attractions listed as 5A.
Heikki Paasonen (presenter)
Heikki Valtteri Paasonen (born (1983-02-23)23 February 1983) is a Finnish television presenter.

Paasonen is one of Finland's most famous and decorated presenters. His career began at very early ages from Yleisradios youth programs.

Paasonen first came to prominence as the host of Idols with Ellen Jokikunnas. He was also a presenter on the music channel The Voice TV in 2007. He was also Yle's commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest 2007.

Paasonen's very own television program, Heikki Paasonen Show aired during 2017, thus ending only after one season. In 2021, he presented Nelonen's Mysteerilaulajat, the Finnish version of I Can See Your Voice, and starting in 2023, Paasonen is the host of Finland's version of The Amazing Race.

Ellen Jokikunnas
Ellen Jokikunnas (born 18 November 1976) is a Finnish model, PR manager, and television presenter. She is best known for hosting all four seasons of Idols, but her first fame came from competing in the Miss Finland pageant in 1998. Besides Idols, she has hosted the children's quiz show Suuri kupla ("Big Bubble"), as well as her own traveling show, Ellen Express.
2022 Rome ePrix
The 2022 Rome ePrix was a pair of Formula E electric car races held at the Circuito Cittadino dell'EUR in the EUR residential and business district of the Italian capital of Rome on 9 and 10 April 2022. It served as the fourth and fifth rounds of the 2021–22 Formula E season, and marked the fourth edition of the event. Mitch Evans gained a total of 11 positions across the two races to claim double victory, with Robin Frijns and Stoffel Vandoorne following through in race one and Jean-Éric Vergne and Frijns completing the podium in race two.

2021–22 Formula E World Championship
The 2021–22 ABB FIA Formula E World Championship was the eighth season of the FIA Formula E championship, a motor racing championship for electrically powered vehicles recognised by motorsport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for electric open-wheel racing cars.

It was the final season of the Formula E Gen2 era, with the Formula E Gen3 being used from the 2022–23 season onwards.
Information hazard
An information hazard, infohazard, or cognitohazard is "a risk that arises from the dissemination of (true) information that may cause harm or enable some agent to cause harm". It was formalized by philosopher Nick Bostrom in 2011. It challenges the principle of freedom of information, as it states that some types of information are too dangerous, as people could either be harmed by it or use it to harm others. This is sometimes why information is classified based on its sensitivity.

One example would be the instructions for creating a thermonuclear weapon. Following these instructions could cause massive amounts of harm to others, so limiting who has access to this information is important in preventing harm to others.

Information sensitivity
Information sensitivity is the control of access to information or knowledge that might result in loss of an advantage or level of security if disclosed to others. Loss, misuse, modification, or unauthorized access to sensitive information can adversely affect the privacy or welfare of an individual, trade secrets of a business or even the security and international relations of a nation depending on the level of sensitivity and nature of the information.
Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary
The Gautala Autramghat Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area of Maharashtra state, India. It lies in the Satmala and Ajantha hill ranges of the Western Ghats, and administratively is in Aurangabad District and Jalgaon District. The wildlife sanctuary was established in 1986 in an existing reserved forest area.

It covers a total area of 26,061.19 hectares (64,399 acres) with Reserved Forest Areas of 19706 ha. in Aurangabad and 6355.19 ha. in Jalgaon. Its name comes the nearby village of Gautala, which was itself named after Gautam Rishi, a Hindu ascetic mentioned in the Ramcharitmanas.

Inside the dense forest there is lake called gautala where some people used to be live and cattle grazing from which the place and forest named gautala Gau (Cow).

Spoonbill
Spoonbills are a genus, Platalea, of large, long-legged wading birds. The spoonbills have a global distribution, being found on every continent except Antarctica. The genus name Platalea derives from Ancient Greek and means "broad", referring to the distinctive shape of the bill. Six species are recognised, which although usually placed in a single genus have sometimes been split into three genera.

All spoonbills have large, flat, spatulate bills and feed by wading through shallow water, sweeping the partly opened bill from side to side. The moment any small aquatic creature touches the inside of the bill—an insect, crustacean, or tiny fish—it is snapped shut. Spoonbills generally prefer fresh water to salt but are found in both environments. They need to feed many hours each day.