hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical fraud
Pharmaceutical fraud is when pharmaceutical companies engage in illegal, fraudulent activities to the detriment of patients and/or insurers. Examples include counterfeit drugs that do not contain the active ingredient, false claims in packaging and marketing, suppression of negative information regarding the efficacy or safety of the drug, and violating pricing regulations.

Kickback (finance)
A kickback is a payment that partially offsets a larger payment in another direction. The term often connotes a secret or illegal payment, such as a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is secretly paid to the person who arranges a deal. Generally speaking, the remuneration (money, goods, or services handed over) for a kickback is negotiated ahead of time.  The kickback varies from other kinds of bribes in that there is implied collusion between agents of the two parties, rather than one party extorting the bribe from the other. The purpose of the kickback is usually to encourage the other party to cooperate in the scheme.

The term "kickback" comes from colloquial English language, and describes the way a recipient of illegal gain "kicks back" a portion of it to another person for that person's assistance in obtaining it.
Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford
Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, KG PC (4 August 1721 – 26 October 1803), known as Viscount Trentham from 1746 to 1754 and as The Earl Gower from 1754 to 1786, was a British Whig politician from the Leveson-Gower family. Sitting in the House of Lords, he spent a quarter of a century in the Cabinet.

Leveson-Gower family
Leveson-Gower (/ˈluːsənˈɡɔːr/ LOOS-ən-GOR;), also Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, is the name of a historically prominent British noble family. Over time, several members of the Leveson-Gower family were made knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the family include the dukedom of Sutherland, as well as the
ancient earldom of Sutherland (created c. 1230) and the earldom of Granville (created 1833). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence.
Grahovljani
The Grahovo tribe (Serbian: племе Грахово / pleme Grahovo) or Grahovljani (Serbian Cyrillic: Граховљани) is a historical Serbo-Montenegrin tribe and region of Old Herzegovina in Montenegro. The tribe was formed on Brotherhoods and other extinct tribes of Montenegro being  one of the sixteen tribes of Herzegovina, along with the Riđani, Piva, Drobnjaci, Krivošije, Nikšići, Banjani, Mataruge, and others.

Old Herzegovina
Old Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Stara Hercegovina, Стара Херцеговина) is a historical region, covering the eastern parts of historical Herzegovina, outside the scope of modern Herzegovina. A large section of Old Herzegovina belongs to modern Montenegro, while a smaller section belongs to the modern Bosnia and Herzegovina and modern Serbia. All of those regions were parts of historical Herzegovina from the middle of the 15th century until 1878.

In modern Montenegro, the region includes the municipal areas of Herceg Novi, Nikšić, Pljevlja, Plužine, Šavnik and Žabljak. In modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, the region includes the municipal areas of Čajniče, Foča, Kalinovik and Rudo. In modern Serbia, the region includes the municipal areas of Priboj and Prijepolje.
1960 Summer Paralympics
The 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, retroactively designated as the 1960 Summer Paralympics, were the first international Paralympic Games, following on from the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1948 and 1952. They were organised under the aegis of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation. The term "Paralympic Games" was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) first in 1984, while the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed in 1989.

The Games were held in Rome, Italy from September 18 to 25, 1960, with the 1960 Summer Olympics. The only disability included in these Paralympics was spinal cord injury. There were 400 athletes from 23 countries.

National Paralympic Committee
A National Paralympic Committee (NPC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Paralympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), NPCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Paralympic Games.
Norway at the FIFA Women's World Cup
The Norway women's national football team has represented Norway at the FIFA Women's World Cup on nine occasions in 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023. They were runners up in 1991. They won the following tournament in 1995. They also reached the fourth place in 1999 and in 2007.

Norway women's national football team
The Norway women's national football team (Norwegian: Norges kvinnelandslag i fotball) represents Norway in international football, and is controlled by the Norwegian Football Federation. The team is former European, World and Olympic champions and thus one of the most successful national teams. However, the team has endured less success since the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Muránska planina
Muránska planina (translated as Muráň Plateau or Muráň Plain) is a plateau-like region in central Slovakia, between Brezno, Červená Skala (part of Šumiac), Muráň and Tisovec. It lies in the Spiš-Gemer Karst, in the Slovenské rudohorie Mountains (part of the Western Carpathian Mountains).

Muránska planina National Park is one of the youngest national parks in Slovakia, declared in October 1997 and opened on 27 May 1998.

Western Carpathians
The Western Carpathians (Czech: Západní Karpaty) are a mountain range and geomorphological province that forms the western part of the Carpathian Mountains.

The mountain belt stretches from the Low Beskids range of the Eastern Carpathians along the border of Poland with Slovakia toward the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Austrian Weinviertel. In the south the North Hungarian Mountains cover northern Hungary. The area of the Western Carpathians comprises about 70,000 km2. The highest elevation is the Gerlachovský štít (2,655m) situated in the High Tatra Mountains.
Challwayuq
Challwayuq (Quechua challwa fish, -yuq a suffix, "the one with fish", also spelled Chalhuayoc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru whose summit reaches about 4,800 m (15,748 ft) above sea level. It is located in the Pasco Region, Daniel Alcides Carrión Province, Yanahuanca District. Challwayuq lies northwest of Yana Chaka.

Yana Chaka (Pasco)
Yana Chaka (Quechua yana black, chaka bridge, "black bridge", hispanicized spelling Yanachaca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru whose summit reaches about 5,000 m (16,404 ft) above sea level. It is located in the Pasco Region, Daniel Alcides Carrión Province, Yanahuanca District, west of a lake named Atalaya.
Chaim Nahor
Chaim Nahor (Hebrew: חיים נהור; 1914–1993) was a Jewish Israeli artist specializing in abstract art, printing, landscapes and murals. He was part of the developing art coloney in Tzfat. He was associated with Aharon Avni, Steinhardt and Edward Matuschak.

Aharon Avni
Aharon Avni (Kaminkovitz) (Hebrew: אהרן אבני; November 27, 1906 – March 23, 1951) was an Israeli painter, born in Russia, a member of the 'Massad' group, founder of the 'Avni Institute,' and one of the founders of the HaMidrasha For the arts.
Olopa
Olopa is a municipality in the Chiquimula department of Guatemala. The municipality comprises an area of 112 km2, distributed in 1 town (Olopa) and 29 villages, with a total population of 27,511.

It is bordered on the north by the municipality of Jocotán, on the south and east by Esquipulas, and on the west by Quezaltepeque and San Juan Hermitage. It has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cwb).

Jocotán
Jocotán is a town and municipality in the Chiquimula department of Guatemala.

Radio Chortis, a Roman Catholic radio station funded by Belgian and German Catholics, is located in the town. It broadcasts primarily in Spanish, but there are a few hours a week in the Ch'orti' language, which is still spoken in some isolated areas.
1921 English cricket season
1921 was the 28th season of County Championship cricket in England. Australia emphasised a post-war superiority that it owed in particular to the pace duo of Gregory and McDonald. Having won 5–0 in Australia the previous winter, the Australians won the first three Tests of the 1921 tour and then drew the last two to retain the Ashes. It was the 29th test series between the two teams.

The County Championship was won for the second year in succession by Middlesex County Cricket Club. Glamorgan County Cricket Club joined the championship for the first time.

1921 County Championship
The 1921 County Championship was the 28th officially organised running of the County Championship. Middlesex County Cricket Club won their third championship title.

Glamorgan County Cricket Club joined the championship for the first time.
Kendriya Vidyalaya, Rohtak
Kendriya Vidyalaya, Rohtak is a Senior Secondary School (Std 1-12) affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi and functions under the purview of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), an autonomous government body. The Vidyalaya imparts school education up to class XII in the streams Science, Commerce and Arts. The school is divided into Primary section (Class I to V) and Secondary section (sub-divided into Junior Group – Class VI to VIII and Senior Group – Class IX to XII). The school conducts co-curricular activities by grouping students into four school houses: Shivaji, Tagore, Ashok and Raman.

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) (transl. Central Schools Organisation (CSO)) is a system of central government schools in India. Governed by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. As of April 2025, it has a total of 1,257 schools  in India, and three abroad, in Kathmandu, Moscow and Tehran. It is one of the world's largest chains of schools and the largest chain of schools in India. It is controlled by 25 Regional Offices and 05 ZIETs (Zonal Institute of Education and Training) under the KVS headquarters.

In April 2022, the Centre decided to remove an MP quota for KV students, invalidating parliamentarians' recommendations for admission to the schools.
Caristi fixed-point theorem
In mathematics, the Caristi fixed-point theorem (also known as the Caristi–Kirk fixed-point theorem) generalizes the Banach fixed-point theorem for maps of a complete metric space into itself. Caristi's fixed-point theorem modifies the -variational principle of Ekeland (1974, 1979). The conclusion of Caristi's theorem is equivalent to metric completeness, as proved by Weston (1977). 
The original result is due to the mathematicians James Caristi and William Arthur Kirk.

Caristi fixed-point theorem can be applied to derive other classical fixed-point results, and also to prove the existence of bounded solutions of a functional equation.

Complete metric space
In mathematical analysis, a metric space M is called complete (or a Cauchy space) if every Cauchy sequence of points in M has a limit that is also in M.

Intuitively, a space is complete if there are no "points missing" from it (inside or at the boundary). For instance, the set of rational numbers is not complete, because e.g.  is "missing" from it, even though one can construct a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers that converges to it (see further examples below). It is always possible to "fill all the holes", leading to the completion of a given space, as explained below.
Major intersections of the Pacific Highway (Australia)
The major intersections of the Pacific Highway in Australia, spread over 790 kilometres (490 mi) on the eastern seaboard of New South Wales, comprise a mix of freeway grade-separated conditions, suburban and urban roads.

Major intersections, from south to north include junctions with the Warringah Freeway, Lane Cove Tunnel, Gore Hill Freeway, Mona Vale Road / Ryde Road, Cumberland Highway, Pacific Motorway, Motorway Link, Central Coast Highway, Newcastle Inner City Bypass, New England Highway, Oxley Highway, Waterfall Way, Summerland Way, Gwydir Highway, Bruxner Highway, and the Pacific Motorway.

Gore Hill Freeway
Gore Hill Freeway is a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) divided freeway located in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network and Highway 1. The primary function of the freeway is to provide an alternative high-grade route from Lane Cove to Naremburn and to reduce traffic demands on Pacific Highway throughout Sydney's Lower North Shore, bypassing Gore Hill and St Leonards.
Lithium selenide
Lithium selenide is an inorganic compound that formed by selenium and lithium. It is a selenide with a chemical formula Li2Se. Lithium selenide has the same crystal form as other selenides, which is cubic, belonging to the anti-fluorite structure, the space group is , each unit cell has 4 units.

Fluorite structure
The fluorite structure refers to a common motif for compounds with the formula MX2. The X ions occupy the eight tetrahedral interstitial sites whereas M ions occupy the regular sites of a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure.  Many compounds, notably the common mineral fluorite (CaF2), adopt this structure.

Many compounds with formula M2X have an antifluorite structure. In these the locations of the anions and cations are reversed relative to fluorite (an anti-structure); the anions occupy the FCC regular sites whereas the cations occupy the tetrahedral interstitial sites. For example, magnesium silicide, Mg2Si, has a lattice parameter of 6.338 Å with magnesium cations occupying the tetrahedral interstitial sites, in which each silicide anion is surrounded by eight magnesium cations and each magnesium cation is surrounded by four silicide anions in a tetrahedral fashion.

The fluorite structure of calcium fluoride CaF2.

The antifluorite structure of magnesium silicide Mg2Si.
Kortenhoefse Plassen
The Kortenhoefse Plassen is a nature reserve in Wijdemeren that is managed by Natuurmonumenten. A mix of lakes, wetlands and strips of historical farmlands form a special nature area. Because these bodies of water are located near the higher ground of the Gooi, the seepage of clean, nutrient-poor groundwater results in the growth of unusual plants such as marsh marigold. The water is filled with water lily in the summertime, and in the wintertime the shallow waters are one of the first to freeze over, making it a popular venue for ice skating.

The area is protected from motorboats for the sake of the birds and other wildlife, but there is walking path and a 10-kilometer canoe route with signage.

Wijdemeren
Wijdemeren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛidəˈmeːrə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on the western border of the Gooi region.

Wijdemeren contains many lakes, including Spiegelplas and Ankeveense Plassen in the north(east) and Loosdrechtse Plassen in the (south)west.

Wijdemeren was established as a merger of 's-Graveland, Loosdrecht, and Nederhorst den Berg on 1 January 2002. The former municipality of Loosdrecht belonged to the province of Utrecht.
Ahiya
32°3′42″N 35°19′37″E﻿ / ﻿32.06167°N 35.32694°E﻿ / 32.06167; 35.32694 Ahiya (Hebrew: אחיה; also transliterated as Achiya or Achia) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, about 1.5 km southeast of the Palestinian village of Jalud.  It falls under the purview of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

It is named after the Biblical prophet Ahijah the Shilonite who lived in Shiloh, which is about 3 km to its west.

Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מטה בנימין, Mo'atza Azorit Mateh Binyamin, Lit. Council for the Region of the Tribe of Benjamin) is a regional council governing 47 Israeli settlements and outposts in the West Bank. The council's jurisdiction is from the Jordan valley in the east to the Samarian foothills in the west, and from the Shiloh creek in the north to the Jerusalem Mountains in the south.

The seat of the council is Psagot. The council is named for the ancient Israelite tribe of Benjamin, whose territory roughly corresponds to that of the council. The region in which the Binyamin settlements are located is referred to as the Binyamin Region.

The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal, but the state of Israel disputes this, and this applies to all communities under the administration of Mateh Binyamin.
Radio Slobomir
Radio Slobomir She was Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as popular pop and folk music with local news.

The program is mainly produced in Serbian at five FM frequencies and it is available in the city of Bijeljina as well as in nearby municipalities in Semberija  Bosansko Podrinje area.

The owner of the local radio station is the company RADIO TELEVIZIJA SLOBOMIR D.o.o. Slobomir  which also operates RTV Slobomir.

Estimated number of listeners of Radio Slobomir is around 268.917.

RTV Slobomir
Slobomir Televizija was a Bosnian commercial television channel based in Slobomir (near city of Bijeljina), Bosnia and Herzegovina which broadcast from 2005 to 2023. The program was mainly produced in Serbian. The local radio station Radio Slobomir was also part of this company.

In 2022, the television channel was put up for sale for 18,7 mln KM.
Monte Igno
Monte Igno is a mountain in Marche, Italy.

Monte Igno is a relief in the 'Umbria-Marche Apennines, located in the town of Serravalle di Chienti, near the border of the 'Umbria. The Camerte countryside dominates, but being north of the Chienti river, it does not belong to the Sibillini sub-chain, which starts just south of the aforementioned watercourse.

The 750 m difference in height between the slopes where the hamlet of Gelagna Alta is located and the summit facilitates a variety of vegetation and landscape.

In anticyclone days, the valleys of the Esino and Potenza rivers can be viewed from its summit towards the north. Monte San Vicino can also be spotted. To the south, beyond the Valdichienti, the Sibillini mountains are noticeable. To the west lie the highlands of Colfiorito. On clear days, Monte Subasio can also be seen westwards. On the east, a good part of the central Adriatic can be seen.

Monte Subasio
Mount Subasio is a mountain of the Apennine Mountains, in the province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. On its slopes are located the ancient towns of Assisi and Spello.

The mountain stands about 1290 metres above sea level.

Its pink colored stones were used for many Franciscan buildings at the World Heritage site of Assisi. The area is included in the natural park Parco del Monte Subasio.
2008 Hong Kong Sevens
The Hong Kong Sevens is contested annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens (seven-a-side version of rugby union). The 2008 competition, which took place between March 28 and March 30 in Hong Kong, was the fifth Cup trophy in the 2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series and was won by New Zealand. The winners extended their all-time IRB Sevens record for consecutive match wins to 42 while claiming their fifth Cup win of the season and seventh in a row overall.

2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series
The 2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series was the ninth of an annual IRB Sevens World Series of rugby sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000.

The defending series champions, New Zealand, dominated this season's competition, winning the first five events, setting new records for consecutive tournament wins and consecutive match wins, and clinching the 2007–08 series with one tournament remaining after winning the Plate Final of the London leg. They ended with six wins out of the eight events.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format; however, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days.
2020 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 2020 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 112th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballycran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 26 September 2020 at Mitchell Park, between Portaferry and Ballycrian, in what was their third successive meeting in the final. Portaferry won the match by 0–15 to 0–13 to claim their 21st championship title overall and a first title in six years.

Down Senior Hurling Championship
The Down Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Morgan Fuels Down GAA Senior Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Down SHC) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Down GAA clubs. The Down County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1903. Ballycran won the 2021 championship defeating Portaferry in the Final after extra time.

Portaferry are the title holders, defeating Ballycran by 0-20 to 0-16 in the 2023 final.
Oraczew
Oraczew kolonia [ɔˈrat͡ʂɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Witonia, 10 km (6 mi) north of Łęczyca, and 42 km (26 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Witonia
Witonia [viˈtɔɲa] is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Witonia. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Łęczyca and 43 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Sukinda Airstrip
Sukinda Airstrip, is a private airstrip located at Sukinda in the Jajpur district of Odisha. Nearest airport to this airstrip is Savitri Jindal Airport in Angul, Odisha. It is operated by Tata Steel for emergency medical purposes.

Jajpur district
Jajpur district  (listenⓘ) is a district of Odisha state in eastern India. The Odisha Government carried out a re-organisation of districts of Odisha in 1993. The erstwhile Cuttack district was split into multiple districts with Jajpur being one of them. The district came into being on 1 April 1993.
Korea's Next Top Model season 3
Korea's Next Top Model, season 3 (or Do-jeon Supermodel Korea, season 3) is the third season of a Korean reality television show in which women compete for the title of Korea's Next Top Model and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry.

This season featured eighteen contestants in its final cast. The prizes for this season included: a cash prize of 100,000,000 South Korean won, a cover shoot and editorial in W Magazine Korea, a modeling contract with YGKPlus, and a modeling contract with Major Model Management in New York.

The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Choi So-ra, who continued her modeling career after the franchise.

Korea's Next Top Model
Korea's Next Top Model (abbreviated as KNTM; also known as Do-jeon! Supermodel Korea (Korean: 도전! 수퍼모델 코리아; lit. Challenge! Supermodel Korea) is a South Korean reality television show in which a number of women compete for the title of Korea's Next Top Model and a chance to start their career in the modelling industry. The prize also includes a feature in W Magazine Korea and a contract for a brand.

As part of the Top Model franchise, it is based on the hit American TV show America's Next Top Model, and it shares the same format. On 6 January 2010 it was announced that Korean channel Onstyle would begin production of a Korean version of the model search show. Model Jang Yoon-ju would helm the judging panel as the host of the show.

Plans for a male-exclusive spin off began in 2014 before a 5th regular installment was aired, but the idea was put on hold. It was subsequently revealed that cycle 5 of the series would be a co-ed edition featuring male contestants.