hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Automatic meter reading
Automatic meter reading (AMR) is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing.
This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter. Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption.

AMR technologies include handheld, mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or powerline transmission.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
EF-G
EF-G (elongation factor G, historically known as translocase) is a prokaryotic elongation factor involved in mRNA translation. As a GTPase, EF-G catalyzes the movement (translocation) of transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) through the ribosome.

Transfer RNA
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), formerly referred to as soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA), is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes). In a cell, it provides the physical link between the genetic code in messenger RNA (mRNA) and the amino acid sequence of proteins, carrying the correct sequence of amino acids to be combined by the protein-synthesizing machinery, the ribosome. Each three-nucleotide codon in mRNA is complemented by a three-nucleotide anticodon in tRNA. As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code.
Nieuport-Delage NiD 62
The Nieuport-Delage NiD.62 was a French sesquiplane fighter from the early 1930s. This machine was a descendant of a long line of Nieuport-Delage fighters that were designed and built during the years immediately after World War I. The NiD.62 was built in 1931 as a fighter for the Armée de l'Air. It served until the late 1930s, when it was replaced by more modern monoplane fighters. By the time of the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, all of the NiD.62s had been withdrawn from front-line fighter escadrilles but were used as trainers in French flight schools. A few aircraft were employed as target tugs. After the French German Armistice and German occupation of North and West part of France in June 1940, the German Luftwaffe had no interest in the NiD.62s and they were scrapped. None survived the war.

Hispano-Suiza piston aero-engines
Hispano-Suiza piston aero-engines were predominantly piston engines produced by Hispano-Suiza in France, Spain, and under licence in the United Kingdom, the United States and Russia from the First World War through to the 1950s. Development of these engines started with the very successful V-8 engines which introduced many new features which ensured the success of the Hispano-Suiza line.
Juhan Ross
Juhan Ross (14 August 1925 Aburi, Virumaa – 21 June 2002) was an Estonian atmospheric physicist. He was focused on actinometric measurements related to vegetation canopy. He worked out the fundamental principles of phytoactinometry.

During World War II, he belonged to Finnish Infantry Regiment 200.

In 1951 he graduated from Tartu University in physics. After graduating he started to work at Tartu Observatory. From 1958 to 1991 he was the head of Department of Atmospheric Physics.

He was the author or co-author of six monographs. He published over 150 scientific articles.

Since 1993 he was a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences.

In 2001 he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class. He was the father of Jaan Ross, a musicologist and psychologist.

Jaan Ross
Jaan Ross (5 April 1957 – 18 January 2026) was an Estonian musicologist and psychologist. A member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, he was a recipient of the Order of the White Star (2001).

Ross died on 18 January 2026, at the age of 68.
2003 East Ayrshire Council election
Elections to East Ayrshire Council were held on 1 May 2003, the same day as the 31 other local government elections in Scotland and elections to the Scottish Parliament. This was the third election since the council's creation in 1995 and the last election to use first-past-the-post voting.

Labour maintained control of the council after increasing their vote share to 49.2%. The party won a majority of the seats and increased their representation on the council. The Scottish National Party (SNP) remained as the largest opposition party on the council despite a net loss of six seats and the Conservatives held their only seat on the council.

Following the introduction of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, local elections in Scotland would use the single transferable vote electoral system which meant this was the last election in which the 32 single-member wards created by the Third Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements would be contested.

2003 Scottish local elections
The 2003 Scottish local elections were held on 1 May 2003, the same day as Scottish Parliament elections and local elections in parts of England. All 32 Scottish councils had all their seats up for election – all Scottish councils are unitary authorities.

This was the last election for local government in Scotland to use the first past the post electoral system.
Strymonas railway station
Strymonas railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Στρυμώνα, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Strymona) is a railway station that servers the former municipality Strymonas, and the nearby settlement of Charopo in Serres in Central Macedonia, Greece. The station is located just west of the settlement 2.9 kilometres (1.8 mi) (39 Min walk). The neoclassical station building (as of 2021) is unstaffed.

Hellenic Train
Hellenic Train S.A., formerly TrainOSE S.A. (Greek: ΤραινΟΣΕ Α.Ε.), is a private railway company in Greece which operates passenger and freight trains on OSE lines. Hellenic Train employs train crews, operators and manages most of the rail services throughout the Greek railway network, leasing rolling stock owned by GAIAOSE except for ETR 470 trains.

The company was a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) until 2008, when it became an independent state-owned company until its privatisation in 2017. 
TrainOSE was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian national railway company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 2022 the company rebranded as Hellenic Train.
Sean Maguire (footballer)
Sean Patrick Maguire (born 1 May 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker, for League of Ireland First Division club Cork City. He represented the Republic of Ireland national team 11 times from 2017 to 2020.

2017 League of Ireland Premier Division
The 2017 League of Ireland Premier Division was the 33rd season of the League of Ireland Premier Division. The league began on Friday 24 February 2017 and concluded on 27 October 2017. Fixtures were announced on 9 December 2016. Due to the decision to reduce the number of clubs in the Premier Division from 12 to 10, starting from the following season, three clubs were to be relegated.

On 17 October, Cork City won the title after a 0-0 draw at home to Derry City.
Loyal toast
A loyal toast is a salute given to the sovereign monarch or head of state of the country in which a formal gathering is being given, or by expatriates of that country, whether or not the particular head of state is present.  It is usually a matter of protocol at state and military occasions, and a display of patriotic sentiment at civilian events.  The toast is usually initiated and recited by the host before being repeated by the assembled guests in unison; the composition varying between regions and types of gathering.  There is sometimes a tradition of smashing a glass used for a loyal toast, so that no lesser toast can be made with it.

Personal anthem
The anthem for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band. The head of state in many countries is honored with a prescribed piece of music; in some countries the national anthem serves this purpose, while others have a separate royal, presidential, or, historically, imperial anthem. Other officials may also have anthems, such as the vice-regal salute in several Commonwealth realms for the Governor-General, Governor, or Lieutenant Governor. Ruffles and flourishes may be played instead of, or preceding, such an anthem.
Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin
Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin (fl. 1579–1590) was an Irish hereditary historian and member of Clan Ó Duibhgeannáin. The 20th century historian, Paul Walsh, suggested that he was a son of Fer Caogad mac Ferghal Ó Duibhgeannáin, who died at Cloonybried in 1581. Ó Duibhgeannáin was a resident of Cloonybrien, County Roscommon.

Together Brian na Carriag MacDermot and others, he compiled the Annals of Lough Cé, Miscellanea Historica Hibernica, and other manuscripts.

Paul Walsh (priest)
Paul Walsh (Irish: Pól Breathnach; 19 June 1885 – 18 June 1941) was an Irish priest and historian. He was the author of over twenty books and some three hundred articles. Much of his research focused on the editing, translation and analysis of Gaelic texts from the Middle Ages, Renaissance and early modern period.
Véronique Vendell
Véronique Vendell (born Claude Marie Rose Duraffourd, 21 July 1942) is a French actress.  She appeared mainly in French and German productions, but had roles in both Peter Glenville's Becket and Sam Peckinpah's Cross of Iron and its sequel Breakthrough.

Victim Five
Victim Five (also known as Code 7, Victim 5! and Code Seven, Victim Five), is a 1964 British crime film directed by Robert Lynn and starring Lex Barker, Ronald Fraser, Ann Smyrner, and Walter Rilla. It was produced by Harry Alan Towers and US television producer Arthur "Skip" Steloff and was shot in Cape Town in Technicolor and Techniscope. The cinematographer was Nicolas Roeg.
Jesper Grønkjær
Jesper Grønkjær (Danish pronunciation: [ˈjespɐ ˈkʁɶnˌkʰeˀɐ̯]; born 12 August 1977) is a Danish former professional footballer, who most recently worked as a pundit for Scandinavian media network Viaplay.

A pacey winger, Grønkjær played primarily on the right or left wing, or as a second striker. He played a total 400 league games for a number of European clubs, most notably winning the 1999 Dutch Cup with Ajax and playing more than 100 games for English club Chelsea. Grønkjær ended his career with Copenhagen, winning four Danish Superliga titles with the club.

Grønkjær was capped 80 times for the Denmark national team from 1999 to 2010, scoring five goals. He played for his country at the World Cup in 2002 and 2010, as well as two European Championship tournaments. He was named 1995 Danish Under-19 Player of the Year.

1998–99 KNVB Cup
The 1998–99 KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) was the 81st edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 61 teams contested, beginning on 11 August 1998 and ending at the final on 13 May 1999.

Ajax successfully defended its 1998 title and successfully pursued its 14th KNVB Cup on 13 May 1999 in De Kuip, Rotterdam, defeating Fortuna Sittard, 2–0. 25,000 attended.

The Cup Winners' Cup tournament no longer existed, Ajax contested the UEFA Cup.
Stransham-Ford v Minister of Justice
Stransham-Ford v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services (case no. 27401/15) was a 2015 judgment of the North Gauteng High Court in South Africa. It was the first South African case to address the constitutionality of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia.

Wrongdoing
A wrong, or wrength (from Old English wrang – 'crooked'), is an act that is illegal, incorrect, or immoral. Legal wrongs are usually quite clearly defined in the law of a state or jurisdiction. They can be divided into civil wrongs and crimes (or criminal offenses) in common law countries, while civil law countries tend to have some additional categories, such as contraventions. Moral wrong is an underlying concept for legal wrong. Some moral wrongs are punishable by law, for example rape or murder. Other moral wrongs have nothing to do with law but are related to unethical behaviours. On the other hand, some legal wrongs, such as many types of parking offences, could hardly be classified as moral wrongs.
Vitrified sand
Vitrified sand is sand that has been heated to a high enough temperature to undergo vitrification, which is the melting of the silicon dioxide or quartz that compose common sand. Vitrified sand is a type of natural glass, contrasted with manufactured glass in which soda ash or potash are added to lower the melting point. Pure quartz melts at 1,650 °C (3,002 °F). There are several natural processes that produce more or less melted sand and one man-made form:

Fulgurite is sand fused by a lightning bolt hitting sand.

Impactite such as tektite is sand fused by the compressive heat of a meteor strike including moldavite, a gem quality stone mined in some locations.

Frit is partially fused sand plus other chemicals created in the process of glaze and glass making.

Nuclear melt glass, formed by the detonation of a nuclear weapon. Examples include trinitite, created during the Trinity nuclear test.

Volcanic glass in many forms is not fused sand because it is formed from molten material.

Moldavite
Moldavite (Czech: vltavín) is a forest green, olive green or blue greenish vitreous silica projectile glass formed by a meteorite impact in southern Germany (Nördlinger Ries Crater) that occurred about 15 million years ago. It is a type of tektite and a gemstone. Material ejected from the impact crater includes moldavite, which was strewn across parts of Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria.
2023 Music City 200
The 2023 Music City 200 was the 3rd stock car race of the 2023 ARCA Menards Series East season, and the 3rd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, May 13, 2023, at the Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway in Nashville, Tennessee, a 0.596 mile (0.959 km) permanent asphalt oval shaped short track. The race was originally scheduled to be contested over 200 laps, but was increased to 205 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. In an action packed finish, Luke Fenhaus, driving for Pinnacle Racing Group, would steal the win from the dominating William Sawalich, taking the lead on the final restart and leading the final lap to earn his first career ARCA Menards Series East win. Sawalich had dominated the entire race, leading all but three laps, but eventually lost the lead on the final restart, finishing 2nd. To fill out the podium, Sean Hingorani, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish in 3rd, respectively.

Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway
Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway is a 0.596 mi (0.959 km) motorsport racetrack located at the Nashville Fairgrounds near downtown Nashville, Tennessee. The track is the second-oldest continually operating track in the United States. The track held NASCAR Grand National/Winston Cup (now NASCAR Cup Series) races from 1958 to 1984.
Hajjiabad Base
Hajjiabad Base (Persian: خانه هاي سازماني پادگان حاجي اباد – Khāneh Hāy Sāzmānī Pādegān-e Ḩājjīābād) is a village/military base in Dorudfaraman Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 903, in 218 families.

Dorudfaraman Rural District
Dorudfaraman Rural District (Persian: دهستان دورودفرامان) is in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rahimabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Faraman.
Oriental Orthodoxy in Egypt
Oriental Orthodoxy in Egypt represents Christians in Egypt who are adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy. In demographic terms, Oriental Orthodox Christians constitute the majority of Christians in Egypt.

The main denomination of Oriental Orthodoxy in Egypt is the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The seat of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is currently occupied by Pope Tawadros II. Also, there are some 8000 Oriental Orthodox Armenians in Egypt and some 500 Oriental Orthodox Christians of the Syriac Orthodox Church.

Armenians in Egypt
Armenians in Egypt are a community with a long history. They are a minority with their own language, churches, and social institutions. The number of Armenians in Egypt has decreased due to migrations to other countries and integration into the rest of Egyptian society, including extensive intermarriage with Muslims and Christians. Today they number about 6000, much smaller than a few generations ago. They are concentrated in Cairo and Alexandria, the two largest cities. Economically the Egyptian Armenians have tended to be self-employed businessmen or craftsmen and to have more years of education than the Egyptian average.
Dottie (novel)
Dottie is a novel by Abdulrazak Gurnah published by Jonathan Cape in 1990. It is Gurnah's third novel.

Unlike most of Gurnah's protagonists, the eponymous Dottie Badoura Fatma Balfour, who is born in Leeds, England, is not from Zanzibar. Dottie grows up poor, in a family of "ambiguously mixed origins". The novel describes her struggle to serve as a parent for her brother and sister after her mother dies.

Dottie alludes to the works of Charles Dickens, particularly David Copperfield and Great Expectations.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
2017 COSAFA Cup
The 2017 COSAFA Cup (known as Castle Lager COSAFA Cup South Africa 2017 for sponsorship reasons) is the 17th edition of the COSAFA Cup, an international football competition consisting of national teams of member nations of the Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA).  It was held in South Africa from 25 June to 9 July.

COSAFA Cup
The COSAFA Cup (known fully as COSAFA Senior Challenge Cup) is an annual tournament for teams from Southern Africa organized by Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA), inaugurated after the ban against the Republic of South Africa had been lifted and the Africa Cup of Nations had been staged there in 1996.
Scott's Law
Scott's Law, 625 ILCS 5/11-907(c), is a mandatory move over law in the state of Illinois. The law requires that all motorists move over when encountering stopped or disabled emergency vehicles displaying warning lights. The law is used to prosecute a failure to give ample care to stopped vehicles, including not reducing speed, changing lanes, or using caution, and can be a compounding offense on roadway incidents with such a vehicle.

Scott's Law is named after Lieutenant Scott Gillen of the Chicago Fire Department who was struck and killed by an intoxicated driver while responding to a crash on the Dan Ryan Expressway on December 23, 2000.

Dan Ryan Expressway
The Dan Ryan Expressway, often called "the Dan Ryan" by locals, is an expressway in Chicago that runs from the Jane Byrne Interchange with Interstate 290 (I-290) near downtown Chicago through the South Side of the city. It is designated as both I-90 and I-94 south to 66th Street, a distance of 7.44 miles (11.97 km). South of 66th Street, the expressway meets the Chicago Skyway, which travels southeast; the I-90 designation transfers over to the Skyway, while the Dan Ryan Expressway retains the I-94 designation and continues south for 4.03 miles (6.49 km), ending at an interchange with I-57. This is a total distance of 11.47 miles (18.5 km). The highway was named for Dan Ryan Jr., a former president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners.
Engelstadt
Engelstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɛŋl̩ʃtat]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Ivanovec
Ivanovec  (Hungarian: Drávaszentiván) is a village in Međimurje County, Croatia. It had a population of 2,093 in the 2011 census.

The village is administratively part of the wider area of Čakovec, the county seat and largest city of Međimurje County. It is located next to the city's south-eastern end, approximately three kilometres from its centre. Also nearby is the village of Štefanec. In 1991, the nearby village of Gornji Vidovec was annexed to become part of Ivanovec.

Čakovec
Čakovec (Croatian pronunciation: [tʃâkoʋets]; Hungarian: Csáktornya; Latin: Aquama; German: Tschakathurn) is a city in Northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres (56 miles) north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, and close to the borders with Slovenia and Hungary. Čakovec is both the county seat and the largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county. It is situated centrally in the lowland part of the region, along the Trnava river.