hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Carmichael
Thomas Carmichael (October 12, 1830 – October 13, 1902) was an Irish-American lumberman and politician from Eau Claire, Wisconsin, who spent four discontinuous terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Lee Leffingwell
Shelly "Lee" Leffingwell (born October 13, 1939) is an American environmentalist and politician who served as the 57th mayor of Austin from 2009 to 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, Leffingwell previously served as chair of Austin's Environmental Board.

He was first elected to the Austin City Council in 2005, and won re-election in 2008. He was elected mayor in 2009, and re-elected to a second three-year term on May 12, 2012, with over 52% of the vote.

Mayor of Austin
The mayor of Austin is the official head of the city of Austin in the U.S. state of Texas. The office was established in 1840 after Austin incorporated as a city in 1839. The mayor of Austin is elected to a four-year term and limited to serving no more than two terms.

Kirk Watson took office as mayor on January 6, 2023, for a third term and was re-elected to a fourth term in 2024, having served as mayor from 1997 to 2001.
Gmina Gózd
Gmina Gózd is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Gózd, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Radom and 98 km (61 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 77.76 square kilometres (30.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,052.

Radom County
Radom County (Polish: powiat radomski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Radom, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Pionki, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Radom, Iłża, 27 km (17 mi) south of Radom, and Skaryszew, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Radom.

The county covers an area of 1,529.75 square kilometres (590.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 152,190, out of which the population of Pionki is 18,269, that of Iłża is 4,733, that of Skaryszew is 4,371, and the rural population is 124,817.
Dover Island (Tasmania)
Dover Island, the third largest island in the Kent Group, is a densely vegetated and unpopulated 295-hectare (730-acre) granite island with steep slopes, located in the Bass Strait, lying off the north-east coast of Tasmania, between the Furneaux Group and Wilsons Promontory in Victoria, Australia.

The island is part of the Kent Group National Park, Tasmania's northernmost national park, which was gazetted in 2002.  Unlike its companion islands, Deal and Erith, Dover has never been grazed by stock or cleared, so retaining its original cover of native vegetation and almost completely lacking exotic species.

Wilsons Promontory
Wilsons Promontory, colloquially known as Wilsons Prom or The Prom, is a peninsula that forms the southernmost part of the Australian mainland, located in the state of Victoria.

South Point at 39°08′06″S 146°22′32″E﻿ / ﻿39.13500°S 146.37556°E﻿ / -39.13500; 146.37556 is the southernmost tip of Wilsons Promontory and hence of mainland Australia. Located at nearby South East Point, (39°07′S 146°25′E﻿ / ﻿39.117°S 146.417°E﻿ / -39.117; 146.417) is the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. Most of the peninsula is protected by the Wilsons Promontory National Park and the Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park.
Rusty Wright
Rusty Wright is an American football coach. He is the head football coach at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, position he has held since 2019. Wright replaced Tom Arth, who left to be the head football coach at the University of Akron. Before being named the head coach at Chattanooga, Wright was a player and assistant coach at Chattanooga and was an assistant at Miami University, Butler University, Gardner–Webb University, Furman University, Reinhardt University, and Georgia State University.

Tom Arth
Thomas Edward Arth (born May 11, 1981) is an American football coach and former player who is the quarterbacks coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). Arth previously served as the head football coach at John Carroll University from 2013 to 2016, the University of Tennessee Chattanooga from 2017 to 2018, and the University of Akron from 2019 to 2021.
The Rolling Stones in Mono
The Rolling Stones in Mono is a box set by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released by ABKCO Records in September 2016. It contains most of the group's British and American studio albums and other recordings from the 1960s in mono format, on fifteen compact discs or sixteen vinyl records. All tracks were remastered using the Direct Stream Digital process by Bob Ludwig. The original recordings were produced by Andrew Loog Oldham, Jimmy Miller and the Rolling Stones.

Flowers (Rolling Stones album)
Flowers is the second compilation album by the Rolling Stones, released in June 1967. It features material dating back to 1965, including three unreleased songs and tracks that appeared as singles or had been omitted from the American versions of Aftermath and Between the Buttons. It reached number three in the US and was certified gold.
Shattuck Observatory
Shattuck Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.

The observatory's most notable director was Edwin Brant Frost, who went on to be the director of the Yerkes Observatory.  Today, it is primarily used for instructional purposes, but is open for  public observation of the stars on Friday evenings. For scientific work Dartmouth has shares in the MDM Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona, and the Southern African Large Telescope in South Africa.

MDM Observatory
The MDM Observatory (Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT Observatory; obs. code: 697) is an optical astronomical observatory located adjacent to Kitt Peak National Observatory on Kitt Peak, west of Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. It is owned and operated by the University of Michigan, Dartmouth College, Ohio State University, Columbia University, and Ohio University. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was also part of the operating consortium in the past.

It has two reflecting telescopes, the 2.4-meter (95 inches aperture Hiltner Telescope (since 1986), used for galactic surveys, and the 1.3-meter (50 inch diameter aperture) McGraw–Hill Telescope (since 1975), which was originally located near Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Jason Fischer (fighter)
Jason Fischer (born March 3, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2011, he has formerly fought in Bellator, Absolute Championship Berkut and King of the Cage.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Mile Novaković
Mile Novaković (Serbian Cyrillic: Миле Новаковић; 29 April 1950 – 14 September 2015) was a Croatian Serb major general active in the Serbian Army of Krajina and in the Armed Forces of FR Yugoslavia, during and after the Croatian War of Independence.

He was tried in absentia by a Croatian court in 1995 for war crimes, being sentenced to 20 years in jail. In 2003, another Yugoslav Army official was apprehended by Macedonian officials citing an Interpol warrant, as he tried to cross into the country. This man was released after the mistaken identity was discovered. The real Novaković remained at large in Serbia.

In 2010, Novaković testified at the trial of Momčilo Perišić at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Perišić had previously promoted Novaković to the rank of Major General in the Armed Forces of FR Yugoslavia in 1993. Perišić was acquitted upon appeal of all charges on 28 February 2013.

Momčilo Perišić
Momčilo Perišić (Serbian Cyrillic: Момчило Перишић; born 22 May 1944) is a Serbian former general and politician who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia between 1993 and 1998.

On 6 September 2011, in a first-instance verdict, Perišić was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity for his role in the Yugoslav Wars and sentenced to 27 years of imprisonment. On 28 February 2013, the Appeals Chamber reversed this decision and acquitted him on all counts. In 2021, the Belgrade Higher Court sentenced Perišić to three years' imprisonment for passing state secrets to the United States in 2002. On appeal, his sentence was increased to four years imprisonment.
Quảng Ngãi
Quảng Ngãi (listenⓘ) is a city in central Vietnam. It serves as the capital city of Quảng Ngãi Province. Quảng Ngãi City borders Tư Nghĩa District to the South and West, Sơn Tịnh District to the Northwest and Bình Sơn District to the North. It has an area of 160.15 km2 and population of 278,496 inhabitants.

Bình Sơn district
Bình Sơn (listenⓘ) is a rural district (huyện) of Quảng Ngãi province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is the birthplace of the Vietnamese mandarin and anti-French guerrilla leader Trương Định. As of 2003 the district had a population of 177,943. The district covers an area of 464 km2 (179 sq mi). The district capital lies at Châu Ổ.
Pressure Sounds
Pressure Sounds is a British DIY record label, specialising in releasing reggae music. Run by Pete Holdsworth, it is one of the most enduring reggae labels in the UK, specialising in reissuing obsolete tunes.  It was originally a subsidiary of On-U Sound.

A couple of labels are closely associated with PS:

Maximum Pressure which specialises in 1980s dancehall;

Green Tea, which releases a broad variety of reggae music.

Lee "Scratch" Perry
Lee "Scratch" Perry OD (born Rainford Hugh Perry; 20 March 1936 – 29 August 2021) was a Jamaican record producer, songwriter and singer noted for his innovative studio techniques and production style. Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of dub music with his early adoption of remixing and studio effects to create new instrumental or vocal versions of existing reggae tracks. He worked with and produced for a wide variety of artists, including Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Murvin, the Congos, Max Romeo, the Heptones, Adrian Sherwood, the Beastie Boys, Ari Up, the Clash, the Orb, and many others.
R. Edwin Garcia
R. Edwin Garcia is a Professor of Materials Engineering at Purdue University. Garcia's research group focuses on the design of materials and devices through the development of a fundamental understanding of the solid state physics of the individual phases, their short and long range interactions, and its associated microstructural evolution.

NanoHUB
nanoHUB.org is a science and engineering gateway comprising community-contributed resources and geared toward education, professional networking, and interactive simulation tools for nanotechnology.  Funded by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), it is a product of the Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN).
NCN supports research efforts in nanoelectronics; nanomaterials; nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS); nanofluidics; nanomedicine, nanobiology; and nanophotonics.
Rallina
Rallina is a genus of bird in the rail family, Rallidae. It contains four species found in forest and marshland in Asia and Australasia. They are 18–34 cm long and mainly chestnut or brown, often with black and white markings.

Four African species formerly usually placed in Rallina are now placed in the genus Rallicula; some taxonomic authorities continue to place them in Rallina, but as the pronounced sexual dimorphism of Rallicula shows, they are no true rails at all, but instead belong to the recently separated (though outwardly similar) flufftail family Sarothruridae.

Rallicula
Rallicula is a genus of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It contains four species endemic to the island of  New Guinea.

Chestnut forest rail, Rallicula rubra

White-striped forest rail, Rallicula leucospila

Forbes's forest rail, Rallicula forbesi

Mayr's forest rail, Rallicula mayri
Mana (Oceanic cultures)
In Melanesian and Polynesian cultures, mana is a supernatural force that permeates the universe. Anyone or anything can have mana. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being a source of power. It is an intentional force.

Mana has been discussed mostly in relation to cultures of Polynesia, but also of Melanesia, notably the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.

In the 19th century, scholars compared mana to similar concepts such as the orenda of the Iroquois Indians and theorized that mana was a universal phenomenon that explained the origin of religions. However, subsequent scholarship has dismissed this theory; many parallels previously drawn in this regard have been deemed specious.

Evolutionary origin of religion
The evolutionary origin of religion and religious behavior is a field of study related to evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, and cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion. Some subjects of interest include Neolithic religion, evidence for spirituality or cultic behavior in the Upper Paleolithic, and similarities in great ape behavior.
Brick Kiln
Brick Kiln is a village on the island of Nevis in Saint Kitts and Nevis, located east of Newcastle. Its name suggests the likely existence of a plantation pottery prior to the 18th century. Brick Kiln is located inland on the east of the island, to the north of Butlers.

Newcastle, Saint Kitts and Nevis
Newcastle is a village on the northern coast of the island of Nevis in Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is the capital of Saint James Windward Parish. The village is just to the east of Vance W. Amory International Airport and sits across from the Narrows, the strait which separates Nevis from Saint Kitts.

According to local histories, the village of Newcastle was historically known as New Castle.
Humguti
Humguti (also known as Pohura) is a centuries-old traditional team game and rural festival of Bangladesh, centered around an intense competition to capture and hide a heavy brass ball. The game originated over 250 years ago in Mymensingh District as a creative way to resolve land measurement disputes between local landlords. Today, it is celebrated annually as a vibrant festival of strength, teamwork, and community spirit, drawing thousands of participants and spectators from surrounding villages.

Mymensingh District
Mymensingh District (Bengali: ময়মনসিংহ জেলা) is a district in Mymensingh Division Bangladesh, and is bordered in the north by Meghalaya, India and the Garo Hills, in the south by Gazipur District, in the east by the districts of Netrokona and Kishoreganj and in the west by the districts of Sherpur, Jamalpur and Tangail. Mymensingh is the 8th administrative divisional headquarters and 12th city corporation of Bangladesh. According to Ministry of Public Administration, Mymensingh is ranked 4th in district status. The density of Mymensingh city is 44,458/km2 (115,150/sq mi) which is the second most densely populated city in Bangladesh. Mymensingh attracts 25 percent of health tourists visiting Bangladesh. It was once known as the largest district of the Indian subcontinent. Mymensingh town is the district headquarters.
Krzesimir Dębski
Krzesimir Marcin Dębski (Polish pronunciation: [kʂɛˈɕimir martɕin ˈdɛmpskʲi]; born 26 October 1953 in Wałbrzych) is a Polish composer, conductor and jazz violinist. His music career as a musician has been that of a performer as well as composer of classical music, opera, television and feature films. In 2024, he became the recipient of the Gloria Artis Gold Medal for Merit to Culture.

Jerzy Hoffman
Jerzy Julian Hoffman (pronounced [ˈjɛʐɨ ˈxɔfman]; born 15 March 1932) is a Polish director, screenwriter, and producer. He received the Polish Academy Life Achievement Award in February 2006.

Hoffman is best known for his works in The Deluge (1974) and With Fire and Sword (1999), the former of which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His other notable credits were in Three Steps on Earth (1965) and Colonel Wolodyjowski (1969).
Wonderland-Zona Preferente
Wonderland-Zona Preferente (also known as Wonderland Live (Zona Preferente)) is the first live album by the Latin pop band Eme 15. The album was recorded at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City on January 27, 2013.  
The album's first single, "Diferente", was recorded at the concert and released for digital download for iTunes in Mexico on April 9, 2013.

Auditorio Nacional (Mexico)
National Auditorium (Spanish: Auditorio Nacional) is an entertainment center at Paseo de la Reforma #50, Chapultepec in Mexico City.

The National Auditorium is considered among the world's best venues by specialized media. It was designed by Mexican architects Pedro Ramírez Vázquez and Gonzalo Ramírez del Sordo, and remodeled by Abraham Zabludovsky and Teodoro González de León. Concerts, art, theatre, dance, and more are hosted at the venue.

It also has a small venue available for smaller events, called Auditorio Lunario. The auditorium's total seating capacity is currently 9,366, and it also has two levels of parking and a stage 23 meters high by 23 meters wide.
IFlytek
iFlytek (Chinese: 科大讯飞; pinyin: Kēdà Xùnfēi), styled as iFLYTEK, is a partially state-owned Chinese information technology company established in 1999. It creates voice recognition software and 10+ voice-based internet/mobile products covering education, communication, music, intelligent toys industries. State-owned enterprise China Mobile is the company's largest shareholder. The company is listed in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and it is backed by several state-owned investment funds.

The company was spun off from University of Science and Technology of China.: 128  The city of Hefei is a major investor in iFlytek.: 128  The company has faced accusations from human rights groups and the United States government of involvement in mass surveillance.

China Mobile
China Mobile is the trade name of both China Mobile Limited and its ultimate controlling shareholder, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., a Chinese state-owned telecommunications company. It provides mobile voice and multimedia services through its nationwide mobile telecommunications network across mainland China and Hong Kong. China Mobile is the largest wireless carrier in China, with 945.50 million subscribers as of June 2021. China Mobile was ranked #25 in Forbes' Global 2000 in 2023.

China Mobile Limited is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange as A-shares and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as H shares. It is the world's largest mobile network operator by total number of subscribers, and the world's largest telecommunications company by revenue.

As of 8 July 2025, China Mobile Limited's total market value stood at US$240 billion.
Miss International Queen Nicaragua
Miss International Queen Nicaragua is national beauty pageant for transgender woman in Nicaragua since 2012 Nicaragua has competed in the international pageant Miss International Queen in Thailand. Nonetheless, Nicaragua has only competed in 6 editions of the pageant.

The reining Miss International Queen Nicaragua 2025 is Tiffany Colleman from Managua. She placed in the top 12 in the Miss International Queen 2025 becoming the first Nicaraguan to qualify in the pageant.

Miss International Queen 2025
Miss International Queen 2025 was the 19th Miss International Queen pageant, held at the Tiffany's Show Pattaya in Pattaya, Chonburi, Thailand on 20 September 2025.

Catalina Marsano of Peru crowned Midori Monét of United States at the end of the event.
James Allen (priest, born 1805)
James Hastings Allen (1805 - 1880) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the nineteenth century.

Allen was born in County Clare and educated at Trinity College, Dublin.  He was Dean of Killaloe from 1862 until his death.

Dean of Killaloe and Clonfert
The Dean of Killaloe is based at the Cathedral Church of St Flannan in Killaloe in the united diocese of Limerick, Killaloe and Ardfert within the Church of Ireland. The Dean of Killaloe is also Dean of St Brendans, Clonfert, Dean of Kilfenora, and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh.

Since 2020 the incumbent is Roderick Lindsay Smyth.
2023 Maspalomas Challenger
The 2023 Maspalomas Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Maspalomas, Spain from 27 November to 3 December 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Ted Klaudt
Ted Alvin Klaudt (born April 9, 1958) is an American convicted rapist, farmer, rancher, and former Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives (1999–2006) from Walker, South Dakota, United States. In November 2007 he was convicted of four counts of raping his two foster daughters.

Plea
In law, a plea is a defendant's response to a criminal charge. A defendant may plead guilty or not guilty. Depending on jurisdiction, additional pleas may be available, including nolo contendere (no contest), no case to answer (in the United Kingdom), or an Alford plea (in the United States).

Under common law systems, a defendant who pleads guilty will be convicted if the court                                                                                                                       accepts the plea. The court will then determine and impose a sentence. Plea bargaining involves discussions between the prosecutor and defendants to reach an agreement for a guilty plea in exchange for a more lenient punishment.

In civil law jurisdictions, a confession by the defendant is treated like any other piece of evidence. A full confession does not prevent a full trial or relieve the prosecutor from presenting a case to the court.