hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Physics of respiration
The physics of respiration encompasses the physical principles and laws that govern gas exchange and breathing mechanics in living organisms. Respiration is fundamentally a biophysical process governed by classical gas laws, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and mechanics.

Pulmonary surfactant
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of the surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension.

As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
Cinca Medio
The Cinca Medio is a comarca in eastern Aragon, Spain. It is named after river Cinca.

This comarca is bordered on the northwest by the Somontano de Barbastro comarca, to the east by La Litera, and to the south by the Bajo Cinca and Monegros.

It is one of the regions with the greatest population density (40 inhabitants per km) in Aragon. The main sources of income are industry and agriculture.

Comarcas of Aragon
Here is a list of the administrative comarcas (administrative subdivisions) in the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain. They were officially delimited in 1999, with substantial changes over a previously proposed division.
Milvydai, Pernarava
Milvydai (formerly Russian: Мильвиды, Polish: Milwidy) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 6 people. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Pernarava, between the Bernaupis rivulet and the Josvainiai-Ariogala road.

There was an okolica of Milvydai (a property of the Ivaškevičiai) at the beginning of the 20th century.

Josvainiai
Josvainiai is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Šušvė River 10 km southwest from Kėdainiai. The town comprises the Catholic All Saints Church, a gymnasium, a post office, a public library, a stud farm, and a culture house.
Railway accidents in New South Wales
The railways of New South Wales, Australia have had many incidents and accidents since their formation in 1831. There are close to 1000 names associated with rail-related deaths in NSW on the walls of the Australian Railway Monument in Werris Creek. Those killed were all employees of various NSW railways. The details below include deaths of employees and the general public.

Sydney Trains T set
The T sets, also referred to as the Tangara trains, are a class of electric multiple units (EMU) that operate on the Sydney Trains network. Built by A Goninan & Co, the sets entered service between 1988 and 1995, initially under the State Rail Authority and later on CityRail. The T sets were built as "third-generation" trains for Sydney's rail fleet, coinciding with the final withdrawals of the "Red Rattler" sets from service in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The Tangaras were initially built as two classes; the long-distance intercity G sets and the suburban T sets, before being merged after successive refurbishments.
Moussa Marega
Moussa Marega (born 14 April 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a second striker for Saudi Arabian club Al-Diriyah. Born in France, he plays for the Mali national team.

He began his career in France, playing no higher than the Championnat National. After one year with Espérance in Tunisia, he moved to Marítimo of the Primeira Liga in 2015. Shortly afterwards, he signed for Porto. After spending 2016–17 on loan at Vitória de Guimarães, he became a regular in the Porto side and won two league titles in four years. In 2021, he signed with Saudi Arabian club Al Hilal, where he won the AFC Champions League in his first year.

Marega made his international debut for Mali in 2015, and was part of their squad at the Africa Cup of Nations in 2017 and 2019.

2021 AFC Champions League
The 2021 AFC Champions League was the 40th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 19th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Al-Hilal won their fourth title by defeating Pohang Steelers 2–0 in the final, becoming the most successful team in the history of the competition. As winners, they automatically qualified for the 2022 AFC Champions League (although they had already qualified through their domestic performance). They also earned the right to play in the 2021 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates and the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup in the United States.

The tournament was the first to involve 40 teams during the group stage, with an increase from the previous 32 teams.

Ulsan Hyundai of South Korea were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals by fellow South Korean club Pohang Steelers.
Odilon Goyette
Odilon Goyette (November 3, 1842 – September 5, 1921) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented La Prairie in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1887 to 1890 as a member of the Parti national.

He was born in Saint-Constant, Canada East, the son of Joseph Goyette and Henriette Delorier. Goyette served on the municipal council for Saint-Constant, also serving as mayor. He was elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1887 by-election held following the death of Léon-Benoît-Alfred Charlebois. His election was overturned by the Quebec Superior Court in 1889 but he won the subsequent by-election held later that year. Goyette died in Saint-Constant at the age of 78.

Léon-Benoît-Alfred Charlebois
Léon-Benoît-Alfred Charlebois (February 18, 1842 – June 27, 1887) was a grain merchant and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He represented Laprairie in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1875 to 1887 as a Conservative.

He was born in La Prairie, Canada East, the son of Benoît Charlebois and Madeleine David, and was educated there. Charlebois was president of the Turnpike Road Trust. In 1868, he married Marie Elmire, daughter of Jean-Baptiste Varin. He served as auditor and then served on the municipal council for La Prairie. Charlebois died in office in La Prairie at the age of 45. Thony Ciallella, an advocate of the Quebec separatist movement and colleague of Charlebois, has said that Charlebois was an incredible man with a strong desire for an independent Quebec.
Sumba–Hawu languages
The Sumba–Hawu languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

The most widely spoken Sumba–Hawu language is Kambera, with a quarter million speakers on the eastern half of Sumba Island.

The Hawu language of Savu Island is suspected of having a non-Austronesian substratum, but perhaps not to a greater extent that other languages of central and eastern Flores, such as Sika, or indeed of Central Malayo-Polynesian in general.

Sumba–Flores languages
The Sumba–Flores languages, which correspond to the traditional "Bima–Sumba" subgroup minus Bima, are a proposed group of Austronesian languages (geographically Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages) spoken on and around the islands of Sumba and western–central Flores in the Lesser Sundas, Indonesia. The main languages are Manggarai, which has half a million speakers on the western third of Flores, and Kambera, with a quarter million speakers on the eastern half of Sumba Island.

The Hawu language of Savu Island is suspected of having a non-Austronesian substratum, but perhaps not to any greater extent than the languages of central and eastern Flores, such as Sika, or indeed of Central Malayo-Polynesian languages in general.
Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck
Tenggelamnja Kapal van der Wijck (The Sinking of the van der Wijck) is an Indonesian serial and later novel by Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka; 1908–1981) published in 1938. It follows the failed love between Zainuddin, a mixed-race man, and Hayati, a pure Minang woman.

Hamka, an Islamic scholar who disapproved of Minang adat (traditions), wrote Van der Wijck as a critique of the discrimination against mixed-race persons prevalent in Minang society at the time, as well as the subservient role of women. Originally released as a serial, Van der Wijck was republished as a novel after favourable popular reception. Described by the socialist literary critic Bakri Siregar as Hamka's best work, the work came under fire in 1962 because of similarities between it and Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr's Sous les Tilleuls (Under the Limes; 1832).

The Sinking of van der Wijck
The Sinking of van der Wijck (Indonesian: Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck) is a 2013 Indonesian romantic drama film directed by Sunil Soraya and written by Donny Dhirgantoro and Imam Tantowi. Starring Herjunot Ali, Pevita Pearce, and Reza Rahadian, the film is based on the novel of the same name by Hamka. It was released in theaters on 19 December 2013.
Zharba Lake
Zharba Tso or Blind Lake is a panoramic lake near Shigar Valley, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan region in Pakistan. The lake is used as a water reservoir for the residents of Shigar Valley. It is fed by the Indus River.

The lake is on the way of Shigar Valley, around 30 minutes' drive from Skardu. It is surrounded by the Indus River on one side and the Shigar River to the other side. It is sometimes used for rafting competitions.

Shigar River
Shigar River (Urdu: دریائے شگر) is located in the mountainous Shigar Valley, Baltistan region of northern Pakistan.

The Shigar River is formed from the melted water of the Baltoro Glacier and Biafo Glacier. It flows through the Shigar Valley. The river is a tributary to the Indus River at its mouth and meets the Indus in Skardu Valley.

The Shigar River is the main right-bank tributary of the Indus River in the Skardu Valley.
Budapest String Quartet
The Budapest String Quartet was a string quartet in existence from 1917 to 1967.  It originally consisted of three Hungarians and a Dutchman; at the end, the quartet consisted of four Russians.  A number of recordings were made for His Master's Voice and RCA Victor through 1938; from 1940 through 1967 it recorded for Columbia Records. Additionally, several of the Quartet's live performances were recorded, at the Library of Congress and other venues.

Marlboro College
Marlboro College was a private college located in Marlboro, Vermont. Established in 1946, the institution maintained a deliberately small enrollment and operated as a self-governing academic community. Its educational model emphasized individualized learning, allowing students to design their own degree plans, typically culminating in a senior thesis. In 1998, the college expanded its offerings by establishing a graduate school.

Marlboro College ceased operations at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year. Its remaining endowment and academic legacy were transferred to Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts, leading to the creation of the Marlboro Institute of Liberal Arts and Interdisciplinary Studies at Emerson.
2022 BWF World Junior Championships – Boys' singles
The boys' singles of the tournament 2022 BWF World Junior Championships is an individual badminton tournament to crowned the best boys' singles under 19 player across the BWF associate members around the world. Players will compete to win the Eye Level Cup presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young Joong. The tournament will be held from 24 to 30 October 2022 in the Palacio de Deportes de Santander, Spain. The defending champion was Kunlavut Vitidsarn from Thailand, but he was not eligible to participate this year.

2022 BWF World Junior Championships
The 2022 BWF World Junior Championships was the twenty-second edition of the BWF World Junior Championships. It was held in Santander, Spain at the Palacio de Deportes de Santander from 17 to 30 October 2022. Individual players competed to win the Eye Level Cup presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young-joong, and the mixed team competed to win Suhandinata Cup.
St. Joseph's Cathedral, Abu Dhabi
Saint Joseph’s Cathedral (Arabic: كاتدرائية القديس يوسف) is the seat of the Apostolic Vicar of Southern Arabia and is one of five Catholic churches in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi alongside Saint Paul’s in Musaffah, Saint Mary‘s in Al Ain, Saint Francis’ in the Abrahamic Family House complex on Saadiyat Island, and Saint John the Baptist in Ruwais. The first church was built in 1962 in the present Corniche, on a plot of land donated by Sheikh Shakhbut, then-ruler of Abu Dhabi.

Masses are said in Arabic and the languages of various expatriate populations in the country, primarily English, French, German, Italian, Konkani, Malayalam, Sinhalese, Spanish, Tagalog, Tamil, and Urdu.

Abrahamic Family House
The Abrahamic Family House (Arabic: بيت العائلة الإبراهيمية) is an interfaith complex on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, which houses a mosque, a church, and synagogue. The undertaking was inspired by the Document on Human Fraternity signed by Pope Francis on behalf of the Catholic Church and Ahmed El-Tayeb on behalf of the al-Azhar Mosque on 4 February 2019 in Abu Dhabi. The project is an initiative toward tolerance and coexistence among Abrahamic faiths. It houses the St. Francis Church, Imam Al-Tayeb Mosque and Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue in separate structures.

The project was supervised by the Higher Committee of Human Fraternity (HCHF).
Texas's 63rd House of Representatives district
District 63 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives.  It was created in the 5th legislature (1853–55).

The district has been represented by Republican Ben Bumgarner since January 10, 2023, upon his initial election to the Texas House.

As a result of redistricting after the 2020 Federal census, from the 2022 elections the district encompasses southwestern, and portions of southeastern and south central, Denton County.  Major cities in the district include the majority of Flower Mound, Lewisville, Roanoke, and Trophy Club, and a portion of Carrollton.

Denton County, Texas
Denton County is located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 906,422, making it the seventh-most populous county in Texas. The county seat is Denton. The county, which was named for John B. Denton, was established in 1846. Denton County constitutes part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2007, it was one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States.
Chud (folklore)
Chud (chud beloglazaya, Russian: чудь белогла́зая) are an ancient mythical people, characters in Russian and Finno-Ugric (in particular Komi and Sámi) folklore.

Similar legends are known among the Siberian Tatars and Mansi about the Sabirs/Savirs, among the Altai people about the Buruts, and among the Nenets about the Sikhirtya.

Veps people
The Veps, or Vepsians (Veps: vepsläižed), are a Baltic Finnic people who speak the Veps language, which belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages.

According to the 2002 Russian census, there were 8,240 Veps in Russia. Of the 281 Veps in Ukraine, 11 spoke Vepsian according to the 2001 Ukrainian census.

The self-designations of these people in various dialects are vepslaine, bepslaane and (in northern dialects, southwest of Lake Onega) lüdinik and lüdilaine. Almost all Vepsians are fluent in Russian. The younger generation, in general, does not speak Vepsian; however, many have an understanding of the language.
2017–18 United States national rugby sevens team season
The 2017–18 United States national rugby sevens team season included both the 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series and the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens. The season began badly. In the first tournament of the 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series in Dubai, 2017 World Rugby Player of the Year Perry Baker suffered a concussion, and the United States team limped to a last place finish. The U.S. improved from that point on, reaching the semifinals of the Australia Sevens. The team then won the 2018 USA Sevens, the first time the U.S. won their home tournament, boosted in large part by Perry Baker, who led all scorers with 8 tries. Baker, along with forwards Ben Pinkelman and Danny Barrett all made the tournament Dream Team. Overall the team displayed inconsistent performances, reaching the Cup semifinals three times, but also failing to qualify for the cup quarterfinals three times. Despite the inconsistent play, the U.S. finished sixth overall.

2018 USA Sevens
The 2018 USA Sevens (also sometimes referred to as the 2018 Las Vegas Sevens) was the fifteenth edition of the USA Sevens tournament, and the sixth tournament of the 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played between 2 and 4 March 2018 at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas, Nevada.

The tournament was won by the United States who beat Argentina 28–0 in the final. This was the first time that the United States won its home tournament. USA's Perry Baker led the tournament with 8 tries and 11 breaks.
Tursun Tuychiev
Tursun Tuychiev (Russian: Турсун Туйчиев; Tajik: Турсун Тӯйчиев, formerly Pervomay) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Tursunzoda in Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 23,911 (2015).

Tursunzoda
Tursunzoda (Tajik: Турсунзода; also Tursunzade from Russian: Турсунзаде) is a city in western Tajikistan, known for its aluminium smelting plant TadAZ.  It is located 60 km west of Dushanbe (40 km west of Hisor), near the border with Uzbekistan.  It is near several rivers, Shirkent and Karatag immediately to the west and east of the city, and Kofarnihon further east. Its population is estimated at 55,700 for the city proper and 298,800 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). Its population was given as 40,600 in the 1989 census, falling to 39,000 in 2000, and estimated at 37,000 in 2006.

The city has two television stations, TV-REGAR and TV-TADAZ, two newspapers, Aluminiy Tojikiston and Regar, and a radio station.

Tursunzoda is home to football club Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda.
1904 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1904 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8, 1904. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1904 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Mississippi was won by the Democratic nominees, Chief Judge Alton B. Parker of New York and his running mate Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. They defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Theodore Roosevelt of New York and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Parker won the state by a landslide margin of 85.48%.

With 91.07% of the popular vote, Mississippi would prove to be Parker's second strongest state in the 1904 presidential election only after South Carolina.

1904 United States presidential election in South Carolina
The 1904 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the 1904 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

South Carolina voted for the Democratic nominee, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker, over the Republican nominee, President Theodore Roosevelt. Parker won South Carolina by a landslide margin of 90.74 percentage points. Parker indeed won Hampton, Fairfield and Georgetown Counties unanimously due to the nearly complete disfranchisement of the black majority that was the Republican Party's sole support in the state.

With 95.36% of the popular vote, South Carolina would be Parker's strongest victory in terms of percentage of the popular vote.

Parker became the first presidential candidate to sweep every county in South Carolina.
Acraga hoppiana
Acraga hoppiana is a moth of the family Dalceridae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. The habitat consists of tropical wet, Tropical lower montane dry and possibly in tropical premontane rain forests.

The length of the forewings is 9–10 mm.

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
2017 Egyptian Super Cup
The 2017 Egyptian Super Cup was the 14th edition of the Egyptian Super Cup, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Egyptian Premier League and Egypt Cup. The match is usually contested by the winners of the Premier League and the Egypt Cup, Al Ahly won the 2015–16 Egyptian Premier League, Zamalek won the 2016 Egypt Cup. The match was played for 2nd time on international soil at the Mohammed Bin Zayed Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Zamalek won the trophy after beating Al Ahly 3–1 in the penalty shoot-out, with the game ending 0–0.

Egyptian Super Cup
The Egyptian Super Cup is Egyptian football's annual match contested between the champions of the Egyptian Premier League season and the holders of the Egypt Cup. If the Egyptian Premier League champions also won the Egypt Cup then the cup runners-up provide the opposition. The competition was founded in 2001, the first team to win the trophy was Zamalek SC. Starting with the 2023–24 season, the tournament adopted a new format in which four teams compete instead of the traditional two.
2008–09 Argentine Primera División season
The 2008-09 Primera División season was the 118th season of top-flight professional football in Argentina and the nineteenth season in which the Apertura and Clausura system is used.

Boca Juniors won the Apertura championship for their 29th national title after a three team playoff with Tigre and San Lorenzo. The Clausura championship was won by Vélez Sársfield for their 7th national title. Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) and San Martín (T) were relegated to the Primera B Nacional.

2007–08 Argentine Primera División
The Apertura 2007 saw much success for the smaller teams in Argentine football. The eventual champions Lanús won the title for the first time in their history, the first maiden champions since Argentinos Juniors in 1984.

Second place went to Tigre, a club playing their first season in the Argentine Primera since 1980 and making their best finish ever in the top flight.

Third place went to Banfield, completing an extremely unlikely top three.

Another small club, Arsenal won the 2007 Copa Sudamericana, the first major title in their history, making them the first Argentine club other than Boca Juniors to win an international competition since San Lorenzo won the Copa Sudamericana 2002.

Another feature of the Apertura was the number of managerial changes, by the end of the Apertura there had been 12 managerial changes.

The Clausura 2008 was won by River Plate, their first title since 2004.

For the first time the 380 games of the season were broadcast live on television.