hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weobley Castle, Herefordshire
Weobley Castle was a ringwork and bailey castle in the English county of Herefordshire (grid reference SO40365135). The castle belonged to the De Lacy family who also owned the castles of Ludlow and Ewyas Harold. Walter de Lacy, as Lord of Meath, was one of the most powerful magnates in Ireland. King John I of England doubted his loyalty and so took de Lacy's property into his possession.  The estates were put under the custodianship of William de Braose, de Lacy's father-in-law. In 1208 de Braose used Weobley Castle to attack the king's property in Herefordshire. He fled to Ireland, seeking safety with Walter de Lacy in Trim Castle; John pursued him and punished the pair. Walter de Lacy, his brother Hugh, and William de Braose failed to appease the king and fled to France. As a result, all the de Lacy property was taken into the possession of the Crown. All that remains of the castle are severely damaged earthworks.

Lordship of Meath
The Lordship of Meath was an extensive seigneurial liberty in medieval Ireland that was awarded to Hugh de Lacy by King Henry II of England by the service of fifty knights and with almost royal authority. The Lordship was roughly co-extensive with the medieval kingdom of Meath. At its greatest extent, it included all of the modern counties of Fingal, Meath (which takes its name from the kingdom), Westmeath as well as parts of counties Cavan, Kildare, Longford, Louth and Offaly. The Lordship or fiefdom was imbued with privileges enjoyed in no other Irish liberty, including the four royal pleas of arson, forestalling, rape, and treasure trove.
Mount Clarence, Western Australia
Mount Clarence (Nyungar: Corndarup) is an inner suburb of Albany, Western Australia, between the Albany city centre and Middleton Beach. Its local government area is the City of Albany, and over three-quarters of its land area is either parkland or forest, including Albany's Heritage Park.
Mount Clarence was gazetted as a suburb in 1979.

Middleton Beach, Western Australia
Middleton Beach is a coastal suburb of Albany, Western Australia, located within the City of Albany approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the city centre. The traditional owners, the Noongar peoples, know the place as Binalup meaning the place of first light since the sun rises over the waters in the morning. The main road between the city and the locality is via  Middleton Road. It is home to a caravan park and numerous holiday units which provide accommodation for visitors to the Albany region.
36th Infantry Division (South Korea)
The 36th Homeland Defense Infantry Division (Korean: 제36향토보병사단, Hanja: 第三十六鄕土步兵師團) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Army. The division is subordinated to the Ground Operations Command and headquartered in Wonju, Gangwon Province. During peacetime, they are in charge of defense central and southern Gangwon Province. They also are responsible for recruit training and flood control.

Wonju
Wonju (Korean: 원주; Korean pronunciation: [wʌn.dʑu]) is the most populous city in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, with a population of 364,860 as of 2023. The city is located approximately 140 kilometres (87 mi) east of Seoul.
1525 Savonlinna
1525 Savonlinna (provisional designation 1939 SC) is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 September 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in southwestern Finland. It was later named after the eastern Finnish town Savonlinna.

Yrjö Väisälä
Yrjö Väisälä (Finnish: [ˈyrjø ˈʋæi̯sælæ] ⓘ; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

His main contributions were in the field of optics. He was also active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology. He had an affectionate nickname of Wizard of Tuorla (Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 asteroids and 3 comets.

His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist Vilho Väisälä (1889–1969). His daughter Marja Väisälä (1916–2011) was an astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

Väisälä was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, presiding over the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista ("International Association of Esperanto Scientists") in 1968.
Secundogeniture
A secundogeniture (from Latin: secundus 'following, second', and genitus 'born') was a dependent territory given to a younger son of a princely house and his descendants, creating a cadet branch.  This was a special form of inheritance in which the second and younger son received more possessions and prestige than the apanage which was usual in principalities practising primogeniture.  It avoided the generational division of the estate to the extent that occurred under gavelkind, and at the same time gave younger branches a stake in the stability of the house.

In the rare cases in which the beneficiary was the third son in the order of succession, the second being already the holder of a secundogeniture, the domain given as a benefit was called a tertiogeniture.

Gavelkind
Gavelkind (/ˈɡævəlkaɪnd/) was a system of land tenure chiefly associated with the Celtic law in Ireland and Wales and with the legal traditions of the English county of Kent.

The word may have originated from the Old Irish phrases Gabhaltas-cinne or Gavail-kinne, which meant "family settlement" (Modern Irish gabháil chine). The term came to describe all tenure and inheritance practices where land was divided equally among sons or other heirs.

Kent's inheritance pattern was a system of partible inheritance and bears a resemblance to Salic patrimony. As such, it may bear witness to a wider Germanic tradition that was probably ancient. Over the centuries, various acts were passed to disgavel individual manors, but the custom was only fully abolished in England and Wales by the Administration of Estates Act 1925.
Ming-Kush (river)
The Ming-Kush (Kyrgyz: Миңкуш or Миң-Куш; Russian: Мин-Куш) is a river in Jumgal District of Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan. It rises on north slopes of Moldo Too and flows into Kökömeren river from the left. The length of the river is 47 km (29 mi) and the basin area 728 square kilometres (280 sq mi). Average annual discharge is 1.12 m3/s (40 cu ft/s). The maximum discharge is in June - July and the minimum in January - February. The river is majorly fed by springs (42%), glaciers (28%) and snow (25.4%).

Kökömeren
The Kökömeren (Kyrgyz: Көкөмерен) is a right tributary of the Naryn located in Chüy Region (Jayyl District) and Naryn Region (Jumgal District) of Kyrgyzstan. It is formed by the confluence of the rivers Suusamyr and Batysh Karakol (Western Karakol). It is 199 kilometres (124 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 10,400 square kilometres (4,000 sq mi), with an average discharge of 80.3 cubic metres per second (2,840 cu ft/s). It possesses significant hydro-power potential. In June 2011, China and Kyrgyzstan signed a protocol of intent to begin construction of Kökömeren River chain of power plants in 2012. Whitewater rafting and fishing are popular tourist activities on the Kökömeren.
Adolf Butenandt
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (German pronunciation: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈbuːtənant] ⓘ; 24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II. He was President of the Max Planck Society from 1960 to 1972. He was also the first, in 1959, to discover the structure of the sex pheromone of silkworms, which he named bombykol.

Gdańsk University of Technology
The Gdańsk University of Technology (Gdańsk Tech, formerly GUT; Polish: Politechnika Gdańska) is a public research university in Gdańsk, Poland. Founded in 1904 and re-established in 1945, it is the oldest university of technology in modern-day Poland. It is consistently ranked among the leading universities in the country.

The university comprises eight academic faculties that provide higher education in 40 fields of study across 14 scientific disciplines. Its campus, located in the Wrzeszcz borough of Gdańsk, covers an area of 80 hectares (200 acres). As of 2023, the university had 15,622 students, including 11,490 undergraduates, 3,644 postgraduates and 488 doctoral students.

The Gdańsk University of Technology has an international institutional accreditation, EUA-IEP (European University Association-Institutional Evaluation Programme).
Hedwig Thusnelda Kniker
Hedwig Thusnelda Kniker (November 13, 1891 – October 12, 1985) was an American geologist and micropaleontologist. Kniker, alongside fellow female geologists Alva Ellisor and Esther Applin, changed the landscape of oil well drilling in the United States by discovering the importance of foraminifera in stratigraphy.

Esther Applin
Esther Applin (née Richards; November 24, 1895 – July 23, 1972) was an American geologist and paleontologist. She completed her undergraduate degree in 1919 from the University of California, Berkeley. Later, she completed a master's degree which was focused on microfossils. She was a leading figure in the use of microfossils to determine the age of rock formation for use in oil exploration in the Gulf of Mexico region. Her job was to examine microfossils collected in drill holes (especially foraminifera) to determine the age of the rock into which the company was drilling. Applin's discoveries were crucial to successful drilling operations across the entire oil industry. Additionally, her contribution to geology and the study of micropaleontology was pivotal in earning women geologists respect in the field.
Campuses of the University of Nottingham
The University of Nottingham operates from five campuses in Nottinghamshire and from two overseas campuses, one in Ningbo, China and the other in Semenyih, Malaysia.

The Ningbo campus was officially opened on 23 February 2005 by the then British Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, in the presence of Chinese education minister Zhou Ji and State Counsellor Chen Zhili. The Malaysia campus was the first purpose-built UK university campus in a foreign country and was officially opened by Najib Tun Razak on 26 September 2005. Najib Tun Razak, as well as being a Nottingham alumnus, was Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia at the time and has since become Prime Minister of Malaysia.

University Park Campus and Jubilee Campus are situated a few miles from the centre of Nottingham, with the small King's Meadow Campus nearby. Sutton Bonington Campus is situated 12 miles (19 km) south of the central campuses, near the village of Sutton Bonington.

University of Nottingham Malaysia
The University of Nottingham Malaysia is a private university branch campus of the University of Nottingham. The university is situated in Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. The university is rated ‘Competitive’ in the SETARA 2025 rating system by the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE). Based on the QS World University Rankings 2026, the university is ranked 97th globally.

The campus is run as a company called The University of Nottingham Malaysia Sdn Bhd (473520-K) with the provost being dual hatted as the CEO. The majority shareholder is Boustead Holdings.

The Malaysia campus was the first campus of a British university in Malaysia and one of the first to open outside Britain thus earning the distinction of the Queen's Awards for Enterprise 2001 and the Queen's Award for Industry (International Trade) 2006.

The University of Nottingham's other overseas campus is located in Ningbo, China.
Jukka Kuoppamäki
Jukka Kuoppamäki (born 1 September 1942) is a Finnish singer, songwriter and priest for The Christian Community in Germany. He visits his summer house in Finland every year.

Born in Helsinki, he is one of the most prolific Finnish popular singer-songwriters and has written over 1,500 songs for himself and other famous Finnish singers including Jari Sillanpää and Katri Helena. The texts tell about Finland ("Sininen ja valkoinen", lit. 'Blue and white'), love, and longing. "Sininen ja valkoinen" became a mega hit. He has lived in Germany since 1977 with his wife Sirpa Kuoppamäki and some of their seven children.

Jari Sillanpää
Jari Veikko Sillanpää (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjɑri ˈsilːɑmpæː]; born 16 August 1965) is a Finnish-Swedish singer. With over 820,000 records sold, he is the fifth-best-selling music artist and second-best-selling solo artist in Finland.
Red Jet 3
MV Red Jet 3 is a passenger catamaran ferry formerly operated by Red Funnel on their route from Southampton to Cowes on the Isle of Wight along with sister ships Red Jet 4, Red Jet 5 and Red Jet 6. She was built by FB Marine on the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom  at a cost of £2.73 million and entered service in 1998.  The ship reached a speed of 37.4 knots (69.3 km/h; 43.0 mph) during a publicity cruise on 14 July 1998 before entering into regular service on 27 July 1998. This entry into service meant that the older Shearwater 5 and Shearwater 6 hydrofoils were no longer needed to provide backup for the Red Funnel high speed service and they were withdrawn. The high speed fleet then consisted of Red Jet 1, Red Jet 2 and Red Jet 3.

In March 2019, Red Jet 3 was sold to Adriatic Fast Ferries, a ferry company operating in Split, Croatia. Red Jet 3  entered service with Adriatic later in the year, where it now operates under the name Adriatic Express.

Red Funnel
Red Funnel, the trading name of the Southampton Isle of Wight and South of England Royal Mail Steam Packet Company Limited, is a ferry company that carries passengers, vehicles and freight on routes between the English mainland and the Isle of Wight. High-speed foot passenger catamarans, known as Red Jets, run between Southampton and Cowes, while vehicle ferries run between Southampton and East Cowes. It also runs the ferry between Southampton and Hythe.

Red Funnel's main competitor is Wightlink whose services operate from Portsmouth to Fishbourne and Ryde, and from Lymington to Yarmouth. The other major Solent ferry company, Hovertravel, operates between Southsea and Ryde. Both provide a frequent service to the Isle of Wight, but neither normally serve Southampton, Cowes or East Cowes.
Johannesburg West (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Johannesburg West (Afrikaans: Johannesburg-Wes) was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1938 to 1953 and again from 1966 to 1994. It covered various areas in the western suburbs of Johannesburg. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Rok Drakšič
Rok Drakšič (born 2 January 1987 in Griže, Žalec, Slovenia) is a Slovenian judoka.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics Drakšič competed in the extra-lightweight category (‍–‍60 kg), losing to Masoud Haji Akhondzadeh in his first match.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics Drakšič competed in the half-lightweight category (‍–‍66 kg).  He beat Ricardo Valderrama by ko-uchi-gari, but then lost to eventual silver medalist Miklós Ungvári.

After his competition career, Drakšič became head coach of the Finnish National Team where he has produced excellent results, and achieved Finland's first World Tour medals in eight years.

Masoud Haji Akhondzadeh
Masoud Haji Akhondzade (Persian: مسعود حاجی آخوندزاده, born 29 April 1978, in Mashhad) is an Iranian judoka.

Haji Akhondzade finished in joint fifth place in the extra-lightweight (60 kg) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics, having lost the bronze medal match to Choi Min-Ho of South Korea. He won a gold medal in 2002 Busan Asian Games by defeating Bazarbek Donbay of Kazakhstan.
Shaine Casas
Shaine Casas (/ʃeɪn ˈkɑːsəs/ shayn KAH-səss; born December 25, 1999) is an American professional swimmer. He is an Americas record holder in the short course 4×50 meter medley relay, swimming the butterfly leg of the relay. At the 2021 World Short Course Championships, he won the gold medal in the 100-meter backstroke, a silver medal in the 200-meter backstroke, and placed seventh in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2022, at the year's World Aquatics Championships (long course), he won the bronze medal in the 200-metre backstroke. Later in the year, at the 2022 World Short Course Championships, he won the silver medal in the 200-metre backstroke and placed fourth in the finals of the 100-meter individual medley and 200-meter individual medley.

2020 United States Olympic trials (swimming)
The 2020 USA Swimming Olympic trials was held at CHI Health Center Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska, for a fourth consecutive time. Originally scheduled from June 21 to 28, 2020, it was rescheduled to June 4 to 7, 2021, (wave I) and June 13 to 20, 2021, (wave II) due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics to 2021. The meet served as the national championships in swimming for the United States. Those qualifying competed for the United States in swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Unicom Focal Point
UNICOM Focal Point is a portfolio management and decision analysis tool used by the product organizations of corporations and government agencies  to collect information and feedback from internal and external stakeholders on the value of applications, products, systems, technologies, capabilities, ideas, and other organizational artifacts—prioritize on which ones will provide the most value to the business, and manage the roadmap of how artifacts will be fielded, improved, or removed from the market or organization. UNICOM Focal Point is also used to manage a portfolio of projects, to understand resources used on those projects, and timelines for completion. The product is also used for pure product management—where product managers use it to gather and analyze enhancement requests from customers to decide on what features to put in a product, and develop roadmaps for future product versions.

Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration
Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) is an open community, originally proposed in 2008, to define a set of specifications that enable integration of software development.  It has evolved, and continues to evolve, to areas such as Application Lifecycle Management (ALM),  Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), IT Operations and more. The intention is to make life easier for tools users and tools vendors, by making it easier for tools to work together.
Regencies in Egypt
Regencies in Egypt date back to Pharaonic times. Throughout Egypt's long history, there have been several instances of regents assuming power due to the reigning monarch's minority, physical illness or poor mental health. There have also been several cases of coregencies where two monarchs ruled simultaneously.

Sitt al-Mulk
Sitt al-Mulk (Arabic: ست الملك, lit. 'Lady of the Kingdom'; 970–1023) was a Fatimid princess. After the disappearance of her half-brother, the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, in 1021, she was instrumental in securing the succession of her nephew Ali az-Zahir, and acted as the de facto ruler of the state until her death on 5 February 1023.
KUWL
KUWL (90.1 FM) is a jazz radio station licensed to Laramie, Wyoming, United States. The station is part of Wyoming Public Radio, a division of Wyoming Public Media.  It serves the Laramie area and is currently owned by University of Wyoming. KUWL broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week, is commercial-free, and offers NPR News updates hourly.  The station plays the music of both new and established artists and offers live streaming on its website.

Wyoming Public Radio
Wyoming Public Radio (WPR) is the statewide public radio network in Wyoming, and is licensed to the University of Wyoming, with headquarters inside the basement of Knight Hall on the UW campus on East University Avenue (at the corner of South 12th Street and Ivinson Avenue) in Laramie.
Hesselager
Hesselager is a small town located on the island of Funen in south-central Denmark, in Svendborg Municipality. It is  located 19 km south of Nyborg, 7 km northwest of Lundeborg and 18 km northeast of Svendborg.

Close to the village stands the Damestenen (or Hesselagerstenen), the biggest glacial erratic of Denmark.

Nyborg
Nyborg is a city in central Denmark, located in Nyborg Municipality on the island of Funen and with a population of 17,990 (2025). It is the easternmost settlement on Funen. By road, it is located 34 km east of Odense, 35 km north of Svendborg and 21 km south of Kerteminde. It also connects to Korsør through the Great Belt Bridge. Nyborg is the seat of Nyborg Municipality, and until 1793 it was also the seat of Nyborg County.

The city was founded in the 1200s, built up around Nyborg Castle. The castle holds a central place in Nyborg geographically, historically and culturally.
2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship Pool H
Pool H is one of eight pools of the preliminary round of the 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship. The pool consists of Japan as well as the defending champions Serbia, Ukraine, and Cameroon. Teams are playing one another in a round-robin, where the top two teams advancing to the final round.

It is currently taking place from 23 to 27 August 2025, with rest days on 24 and 26 August. Each matchday features two games, held at 17:00 and 20:30. As the seeded team, Japan would play all its matches at 17:00 instead of 20:30, as this time corresponds to prime time for live broadcasting in Japan, which is 2 hours ahead of Thailand.

2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship final round
The final round of the 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship was the second and final stage of the competition, following the preliminary round. The top two teams from each pool advanced to the final round to compete in a single-elimination format. There were 16 matches in the final round, including a third-place match played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.

It took place from 23 August to 7 September, with rest days on 2 and 5 September. Each matchday featured two games: at 17:00 and 20:30 for the round of 16 and the quarterfinals, and at 15:30 and 19:30 for the semifinals, 3rd place match, and the final.
Group 19 Rugby League (1950–1970)
The Original Group 19 Rugby League was a competition which ran from the 1950 until 1970, in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales. Many clubs left for other competitions after this time, including  Group 16 and Group 8. The Group 19 tag was then transferred to Canberra and later Northern New South Wales.

Group 19 Rugby League (1974–1979)
The Group 19 Rugby League (1974–1979) was a rugby league competition, held in the area around Canberra, the broader Australian Capital Territory and Southern New South Wales. The competition merged with Group 8 in 1979 to form the ACTRL and Canberra District Rugby League, which again combined to form the Canberra Division system in 1982.

The Canberra Rugby League considers the competition part of its history.