hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aaron V. Brown
Aaron Venable Brown (August 15, 1795 – March 8, 1859) was an American politician. He served as the 11th Governor of Tennessee from 1845 to 1847, and as United States Postmaster General from 1857 until his death in 1859. He also served three terms in the United States House of Representatives, from 1839 to 1845. During the Mexican–American War, Brown's statewide call for 2,800 volunteers was answered by over 30,000, helping solidify the state's reputation as the "Volunteer State".

United States Postmaster General
The United States postmaster general (PMG) is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS). The PMG is responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the agency.

The PMG is selected and appointed by the Board of Governors of the Postal Service, which is appointed by the president. The postmaster general then also sits on the board. The PMG does not serve at the president's pleasure and can only be dismissed by the Board of Governors. The appointment of the postmaster general does not require Senate confirmation. The governors and the postmaster general elect the deputy postmaster general.

The current postmaster general is David Steiner, who has served in the role since July 14, 2025.
S-procedure
The S-procedure or S-lemma is a mathematical result that gives conditions under which a particular quadratic inequality is a consequence of another quadratic inequality. The S-procedure was developed independently in a number of different contexts and has applications in control theory, linear algebra and mathematical optimization.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Giant moray
The giant moray (Gymnothorax javanicus) is a species of moray eel and a species of marine fish in the family Muraenidae. In terms of body mass, it is the largest moray eel; however, the slender giant moray is the largest in terms of body length.

Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies.

They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and Heliofungia actiniformis.
Strike-slip tectonics
Strike-slip tectonics or wrench tectonics is a type of tectonics that is dominated by lateral (horizontal) movements within the Earth's crust (and lithosphere). Where a zone of strike-slip tectonics forms the boundary between two tectonic plates, this is known as a transform or conservative plate boundary. Areas of strike-slip tectonics are characterised by particular deformation styles including: stepovers, Riedel shears, flower structures and strike-slip duplexes.  Where the displacement along a zone of strike-slip deviates from parallelism with the zone itself, the style becomes either transpressional or transtensional depending on the sense of deviation. Strike-slip tectonics is characteristic of several geological environments, including oceanic and continental transform faults, zones of oblique collision and the deforming foreland of zones of continental collision.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Polyhedral symbol
The polyhedral symbol is sometimes used in coordination chemistry and crystallography to indicate the approximate coordination geometry around the central atom. One or more italicised letters indicate the geometry, e.g. TP-3 which is followed by a number that gives the coordination number of the central atom. The polyhedral symbol can be used in naming of compounds, in which case it is followed by the configuration index.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Messinian Suburban Railway
The term Messenian Suburban Railway (or Kalamata Suburban Railway) may refer either to the seasonal local railway services that operated between Kalamata and Messini, Greece during the period 2011–2016 after the suspension of the railway system in Peloponnese, or to the proposed development of a new suburban rail network in the Messenia regional unit, or the Suburban Railway that existed till 2011

Corinth
Corinth (/ˈkɒrɪnθ/ KORR-inth; Greek: Κόρινθος, romanized: Kórinthos, Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos]) is a city in the Peloponnese in Greece. The successor to the ancient city of Corinth, it is the capital of the Corinthia regional unit and the seat of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has a population of 38,485 according to the 2021 census, of whom 30,816 live within the city limits of Corinth.

It was founded as New Corinth (Greek: Νέα Κόρινθος, romanized: Néa Kórinthos) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city.
Independence Day (adventure)
Independence Day is a 1996 role-playing game supplement written by Chris Snyder and Matt Forbeck. and published by Pinnacle Entertainment Group for Deadlands in its Dime Novels series (which combined short stories with a playable adventure for the players).

Adventure (role-playing games)
An adventure is a playable scenario in a tabletop role-playing game. These can be constructed by gamemasters for their players, and are also released by game publishers as pre-made adventure modules. Different types of designs exist, including linear adventures, where players move between scenes in a predetermined order; non-linear adventures, where scenes can go in multiple directions; and solo adventures, which are played alone, without a game group.
Cynometra ramiflora
A tree in the family Fabaceae, Cynometra ramiflora is found in mangroves and flooded forests from New Caledonia in the western Pacific west to Queensland in Australia, New Guinea, Island Southeast Asia, and Tropical Asia as far west as India. Its wood is used for construction and fuel, and parts of plant are ascribed medicinal use.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
FAM110A
Protein FAM110A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 110, A, C20orf55 or BA371L19.3 is encoded by the FAM110A gene. FAM110A is located on chromosome 20 and is a part of the greater FAM110 gene family, consisting of FAM110A, FAM110B, and FAM110C.

Chromosome 20
Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 20 spans around 66 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 20 was fully sequenced in 2001 and was reported to contain over 59 million base pairs.  Since then, due to sequencing improvements and fixes, the length of chromosome 20 has been updated to just over 66 million base pairs.
Millwall Docks railway station
Millwall Docks was a railway station located in the Millwall area of the Isle of Dogs in east London. It was between South Dock and North Greenwich stations on the Millwall Extension Railway (MER) branch of the London and Blackwall Railway (LBR). It opened in December 1871 and was situated on the corner of Glengall Road (now Pepper Street) and East Ferry Road, serving the Millwall Docks (which were later merged into a single dock, rendering the name slightly anachronistic).

Passenger usage of the station was always light, and it closed to services in May 1926, along with the rest of the MER extension, though goods services continued until the demise of the docks in the 1970s. The derelict Port of London area was heavily redeveloped in the 1980s, and most of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) between Island Gardens and South Quay reused the old MER route through the docks. The present-day Crossharbour DLR station is located on the site of Millwall Docks station.

Millwall
Millwall (/ˈmɪlwɔːl/) is a district on the western and southern side of the Isle of Dogs, in east London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It lies to the immediate south of Canary Wharf and Poplar, north of Greenwich and Deptford, east of Rotherhithe, west of Cubitt Town, and has a long shoreline along London's Tideway, part of the River Thames. It was part of the County of Middlesex and from 1889, following the passing of the Local Government Act 1888, the County of London; it later became part of Greater London in 1965.

Millwall had a population of 23,084 in 2011 and includes Island Gardens, The Quarterdeck and The Space.
Le Rhodanien (train)
Le Rhodanien, or the Rhodanien, was an express train with its southern terminus in Marseille, France. Operated by the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer français (SNCF), it was named using the French language adjective derived from the Rhône river; the name alludes, amongst other things, to the river, its valley, and the dialect of the Franco-Provençal language that is spoken there.

The train had two distinct eras.  Between 1964 and 1971, it was an international Rapide linking Geneva, Switzerland with Marseille. In 1971, the train's route and classification were radically altered, and Le Rhodanien became a first-class-only domestic Trans Europ Express (TEE) running between Paris and Marseille. It was discontinued in 1978.

Trans Europ Express
The Trans Europ Express, or Trans-Europe Express (TEE), was an international first-class railway service in western and central Europe that was founded in 1957 and ceased in 1995. At the height of its operations, in 1974, the TEE network comprised 45 trains, connecting 130 different cities, from Spain in the west to Austria in the east, and from Denmark to Southern Italy.
Paradyne
Paradyne Networks, Inc. was a manufacturer of telecommunications hardware, based in Largo, Florida. The company formed in 1969 as Paradyne Corporation to supply computer communications systems and expanded steadily through the 1970s and 80s. During these period they operated in the high-end modem market and competed with Motorola Codex, Racal-Milgo, and divisions of AT&T and IBM.

As one of its first major purchases after the 1982 Breakup of the Bell System, AT&T purchased the company for $250 million in 1989 and renamed it to AT&T Paradyne. The company grew to become a major supplier in the digital subscriber line (DSL) industry as that expanded. When AT&T spun off Lucent in 1996, Paradyne moved to the new company. Lucent quickly sold Paradyne to Texas Pacific Group (TPG Capital) for $175 million where it became Paradyne Networks, Inc..

In 2004, Paradyne acquired Net to Net Technologies.

The company was acquired by Zhone Technologies in 2005 for US$183.6 million.

Lucent Technologies
Lucent Technologies, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Murray Hill, New Jersey. It was established on September 30, 1996, through the divestiture of the former AT&T Technologies business unit of AT&T Corporation, which included Western Electric and Bell Labs.

Lucent was acquired by the French technology company Alcatel on December 1, 2006, forming Alcatel-Lucent.
Colle di Sampeyre
Colle di Sampeyre is a mountain pass in the province of Cuneo in the Cottian Alps. It connects the Varaita valley and the Maira valley.

The Colle di Sampeyre can be climbed from Stroppo, Sampeyre and Elva. It has been featured in the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1995 and 2003.

Sampeyre
Sampeyre is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Sampeyre borders the following municipalities: Brossasco, Casteldelfino, Elva, Frassino, Macra, Oncino, Paesana, San Damiano Macra, Sanfront, and Stroppo.
Hygrophoropsis fuscosquamula
Hygrophoropsis fuscosquamula is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. Found in Europe, it was described as new to science by English mycologist Peter Darbishire Orton in 1960. Fruit bodies of the fungus have whitish cream to pale yellowish caps with many small, olive-brown scales. Its spores measure 6.0–8.0 by 3.5–4.5 μm.

Hygrophoropsidaceae
The Hygrophoropsidaceae are a family of mushrooms that are gilled in appearance but lie within the Boletales. The family contains 18 species within two genera: Leucogyrophana and Hygrophoropsis, with the best-known member being the "false chanterelle", Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca. Hygrophoropsidaceae was circumscribed by French mycologist Robert Kühner in 1980, with Hygrophoropsis as the type genus. Unlike most members of the Boletales, Hygrophoropsidaceae species are saprophytic wood-rotting fungi that cause brown rot in their hosts. The genera Austropaxillus and Tapinella, once placed in this family, are now classified in the Serpulaceae and Tapinellaceae,  respectively.
Berndt Grundevik
Major General Berndt Karl Allan Grundevik (born 5 November 1956) is senior retired Swedish Army officer. Grundevik served as Inspector of the Army (2007–2012), as head of the Swedish Delegation to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) in Korea (2013–2015) and as Deputy Chief of Joint Operations (2016–2017).

Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters
59°20′47″N 18°5′14″E﻿ / ﻿59.34639°N 18.08722°E﻿ / 59.34639; 18.08722

The Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters (Swedish: Högkvarteret, HKV) is the highest level of command in the Swedish Armed Forces. Established in 1994, its primary task is to command operations, but is also involved in areas such as military strategy, the overall development of the Swedish Armed Forces, and acting as a channel of contact with government. It's located at Lidingövägen 24 at Gärdet in Stockholm.
Pengelli National Nature Reserve
Pengelli National Nature Reserve is part of the largest block of ancient oak woodland in West Wales. It has survived for hundreds of years, despite being modified by people. Lying near the village of Eglwyswrw in the north of Pembrokeshire, it makes up part of the gentle agricultural landscape which lies between the foot of the Preseli hills and the sea. Species found in this rich woodland include badgers, polecats and the elusive dormouse.

The woodland was owned during Elizabethan times by the Pembrokeshire historian George Owen of Henllys. The woodland was designated as a National Nature Reserve in 1995.

In 2021, the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales (WTSWW) purchased the adjacent 33-acre Pencnwc Mawr Wood. A further 13 acres of adjacent land was purchased by WTSWW in 2023 with the intention of expanding the woodland.

National nature reserves in Wales
In Wales, national nature reserves (NNRs) are selected and designated by Natural Resources Wales (NRW; formerly the Countryside Council for Wales). There are 76 reserves, all of which are also SSSIs. They cover 26,536 hectares (265.36 km2), or less than 1.5% of the land area of Wales. They range in size from Dan yr Ogof at 0.5 hectares (5,000 m2) to Berwyn which covers 7,920 hectares (79.2 km2) . A national nature reserve is designated because of its special biological, geological, habitat or landscape value and most in Wales are open to the public. They include upland and lowland areas, several offshore islands and in some cases estuarine and intertidal zones.
Albert S. Potter Octagon House
The Albert S. Potter Octagon House (also known simply as the Octagon House) is an historic octagonal house located at 4 Carolina Main Street (Rhode Island Route 112) on the corner of Shannock Hill Road in the village of Carolina in Richmond, Rhode Island. It was built by watchmaker Albert S. Potter in 1857. Potter reportedly did his watchmaking in the octagonal cupola atop the two-story house. The building is now covered with asbestos siding and is owned by the Carolina Preservation and Band Society.

The Albert S. Potter Octagon House is a contributing property in the Carolina Village Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1974.

Richmond, Rhode Island
Richmond is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 8,020 at the 2020 census. It contains the villages of Alton, Arcadia, Barberville, Carolina, Hillsdale, Kenyon, Shannock, Tug Hollow, Usquepaug, Wood River Junction, Woodville, and Wyoming. Students from the Town of Richmond are part of the Chariho Regional School District, a school district shared between Charlestown and Hopkinton, Rhode Island.
2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods
The 2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods were severe floods caused by heavy rains and storms that hit the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the adjacent Uruguayan cities of Treinta y Tres, Paysandú, Cerro Largo, and Salto. From 29 April through to May, it resulted in 181 fatalities (as of 7 July 2024), widespread landslides, and a dam collapse. It is considered the country's worst flooding in over 80 years.

The floods marked the fourth such environmental disaster in Brazil within the past 12 months, following similar calamities that killed 75 people in July, September, and November 2023.

Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the aerial branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, and one of the three national uniformed services.  The FAB was formed when the Brazilian Army and Navy air branches were merged into a single military force, which was initially called the "National Air Forces" when it was created in 1941. Both air branches transferred all their aeronautical equipment, relevant installations, and relevant personnel to the newly created force.

According to Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 578 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere.
Outline of Monaco
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Monaco:

Monaco – small sovereign city-state located in Western Europe. Monaco lies on the northern coast of the Mediterranean and is surrounded by France.  It has the highest life expectancy at birth of any country, 89.4 years (2017 estimate). Monaco is often regarded as a tax haven, and many of its inhabitants are wealthy and from foreign countries (including France), although they are not a majority.

Monarchy of Monaco
The sovereign prince of Monaco (French: prince de Monaco; Monégasque: príncipe de Mónaco) is the monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All reigning princes and princesses have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi. When Prince Rainier III died in 2005, he was Europe's longest reigning monarch. The Grimaldi family, which has ruled Monaco for eight centuries, is Europe's longest-ruling royal family.

The reigning prince is Albert II, who ascended in April 2005.
Martín Chirino
Martín Chirino López (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1 March 1925 – 11 March 2019) was a Spanish sculptor. Cofounder of the group El Paso (The Step) in 1957, Chirino worked mainly with iron and his work is categorized as abstract art.

Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando
The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF; transl. 'Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando'), located on the Calle de Alcalá in the centre of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery. A public law corporation, it is integrated together with other Spanish royal academies in the Instituto de España.
Bill C-14
Bill C-14 refers to various legislation introduced into the House of Commons of Canada, including:

Foreign Extraterritorial Measures Act, introduced in 1984 to the first session of the 33rd Parliament

Canada Transportation Act, establishing the Canadian Transportation Agency, introduced in 1996 to the second session of the 35th Parliament

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (medical assistance in dying), introduced in 2016 to the only session of the 42nd Parliament

Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act, introduced in 2022 to the first session of the 44th Parliament

Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act
The Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act (French: Loi sur le maintien de la représentation des provinces à la Chambre des communes), also referred to as Bill C-14, is an act of the Parliament of Canada that was passed by the 44th Canadian Parliament in 2022. It made a section 44 amendment to the Constitution of Canada to guarantee that the province of Quebec would not lose a seat in the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution. The Bill was introduced as Bill C-14 with the long title An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (electoral representation).