hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashikaga Motouji
Ashikaga Motouji (足利基氏; 1340–1367) was a Japanese samurai lord of the Nanboku-chō period. The fourth son of shogun Ashikaga Takauji, he was the first of a dynasty of five Kantō kubō,  Kamakura-based representatives in the vital Kamakura-fu of Kyoto's Ashikaga regime. Meant to stabilize a volatile situation in the Kantō, a region where many warrior clans wanted the return of the shogunate from Kyoto back to Kamakura, the dynasty he started almost immediately developed the ambition to usurp the shogunate, becoming a serious problem for the central government. Motouji was the only kubō who always remained loyal to the Kyoto government. During the Kannō disturbance, a historical episode with serious repercussions on his life, he tried to reconcile his father with his uncle Ashikaga Tadayoshi and, after his father's demise, he collaborated with his elder brother, shogun Ashikaga Yoshiakira, to stabilize the shogunate. He died young during an epidemic.

Nitta Yoshisada
Nitta Yoshisada (新田 義貞; Japanese pronunciation: [ɲiꜜt.ta | jo.ɕi̥.saꜜ.da], 1301 – August 17, 1338) also known as Minamoto no Yoshisada was a samurai lord of the Nanboku-chō period Japan. He was the head of the Nitta clan in the early fourteenth century, and supported the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the Nanboku-chō period. He famously marched on Kamakura, besieging and capturing it from the Hōjō clan in 1333.

Later, he fought the Ashikaga brothers on the Emperor's behalf in a see-saw campaign which saw the capital change hands several times. After a peaceful compromise was agreed, Yoshisada was entrusted with two royal princes. At the siege of Kanegasaki (1337), both princes were killed, along with Yoshisada's son, although Yoshisada was able to escape. He committed seppuku when his horse was killed at the siege of Kuromaru.
Capital punishment in Germany
Capital punishment in Germany has been abolished for all crimes and is prohibited by the German constitution. It was abolished in West Germany in 1949, in the Saarland in 1956 (as part of Saarland joining West Germany and becoming a state of West Germany), and in East Germany in 1987. The last person executed in Germany was the East German Werner Teske, who was executed at Leipzig Prison in 1981.

Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, historically called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Atergia villosa
Atergia villosa is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Polymastiidae. It is found in rocky deep-sea habitats around the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.

This is a round, yellow, velvety-soft sponge up to 3 cm across. It is usually found attached to a scallop shell.

Polymastiidae
Polymastiidae is a family of demosponges found in oceans throughout the world. It is the only family in the monotypic order Polymastiida. A useful diagnostic characteristic of members of this family is the presence of numerous surface papillae although this feature is shown by some other sponges.
Xi2 Sagittarii
Xi2 Sagittarii, Latinized from ξ2 Sagittarii, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. Data collected during the Hipparcos mission suggests it is an astrometric binary, although nothing is known about the companion. It is visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +3.51. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 8.4 mas as seen from Earth, this system is located around 390 light years from the Sun.

The spectrum of Xi2 Sagittarii yields a mixed stellar classification of G8/K0 II/III, showing traits of a G- or K-type giant or bright giant star. It has an estimated 3.6 times the mass of the Sun and about 27 times the Sun's radius.  At an age of around 380 million years, it is radiating 676 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,541 K.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
55th Battalion (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island), CEF
The 55th Battalion (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island), CEF was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 55th Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 30 October 1915. It provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field until 6 July 1916, when its personnel were absorbed by the 40th Battalion (Nova Scotia), CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 21 May 1917.

The 55th Battalion recruited in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island and was mobilized at Sussex, New Brunswick.

The 55th Battalion had two Officers Commanding:

Lt.-Col. J.R. Kirkpatrick, 30 October 1915 – 5 May 1916

Maj. H.I. Jones, 5 May 1916 – 13 May 1916

The 55th Battalion was awarded the battle honour THE GREAT WAR 1915-16.

The 55th Battalion (New Brunswick & Prince Edward Island), CEF is perpetuated by the Royal New Brunswick Regiment.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Kate Bolduan
Katherine Jean Bolduan (/ˈbɔːldwɪn/; born July 28, 1983) is an American broadcast journalist and news anchor for CNN based in New York City. She is currently a co-anchor of CNN News Central, and previously anchored State of America with Kate Bolduan, New Day and At This Hour with Kate Bolduan. She also served as a congressional correspondent based in Washington, D.C., as well as a general assignment correspondent for the network.

John Avlon
John Phillips Avlon (born January 19, 1973) is an American journalist and political commentator. He was a senior political analyst and anchor at CNN, and was the editor-in-chief and managing director of The Daily Beast from 2013 to 2018.

Prior to that, he was a columnist and associate editor for The New York Sun, and chief speechwriter for former Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani. He has written four books.

In 2024 he unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in New York's 1st congressional district, losing to Republican incumbent Nick LaLota.
Norris Miller House
The Norris Miller House, also known as The Stovewood House, is a historic residence located in Decorah, Iowa, United States.  The 1½-story frame house features a vernacular Classical cornice, symmetrical plan, a gable roof, and a limestone basement.  The structure is composed of oak that is split into short lengths for use in a stove, or stovewood.  It is laid with mortar made up of ash and lime.  There are only two other houses like this one known to exist in the United States, and both are in Wisconsin.

Decorah had two other houses similar to this one, but they have been torn down.  All them could have been built by Norris Miller, who settled in Decorah from Ohio in 1855.  That year he bought a town lot, and completed this house in 1856. The house was moved to the Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in 1976 in order to preserve it. They restored the house and made part of it exhibit. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same year it was moved.

Decorah, Iowa
Decorah is the largest city in and the county seat of Winneshiek County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,587 at the time of the 2020 census. Decorah is the home of Luther College, a private liberal arts college.  It is known for its Norwegian-American heritage and the corresponding Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum.

Decorah is located at the intersection of State Highway 9 and U.S. Route 52. Located within the Driftless Area in northeastern Iowa, Decorah is situated in the bluffs of the Upper Iowa River, which flows through the city.
Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.

Positive and negative parts
In mathematics, the positive part of a real or extended real-valued function is defined by the formula

Intuitively, the graph of  is obtained by taking the graph of , 'chopping off' the part under the x-axis, and letting  take the value zero there.

Similarly, the negative part of f is defined as

Note that both f+ and f− are non-negative functions. A peculiarity of terminology is that the 'negative part' is neither negative nor a part (like the imaginary part of a complex number is neither imaginary nor a part).

The function f can be expressed in terms of f+ and f− as

Also note that

Using these two equations one may express the positive and negative parts as

Another representation, using the Iverson bracket is

One may define the positive and negative part of any function with values in a linearly ordered group.

The unit ramp function is the positive part of the identity function.
Hugo Alcaraz-Cuellar
Hugo Alcaraz-Cuellar (born April 6, 1977) is a Mexican football manager and former player, who most recently played for the Seattle Sounders of the USL First Division. During his professional career, he also played for the San Diego Flash and the Portland Timbers. In February 2010 he was ranked 15th in the USL First Division Top 25 of the Decade.

Cascadia Cup
The Cascadia Cup is the name of the trophy created in 2004 by supporters of the Portland Timbers, Seattle Sounders, and Vancouver Whitecaps, which is awarded each season to the best soccer team in the Pacific Northwest. The cup is named for the Cascadia region in which all three teams are located. The Timbers, Sounders, and Whitecaps have roots dating to the days of the original North American Soccer League. It was first contested in 2004, and was claimed by the Whitecaps. In 2011 the competition continued with the now Major League Soccer (MLS) sides Portland Timbers, Seattle Sounders FC, and Vancouver Whitecaps FC.
2019 South and Central American Men's Club Handball Championship
The 2019 South and Central American Men's Club Handball Championship the 1st edition of this tournament was held in Taubaté, Brazil from 22 to 26 May 2019. It acted as a qualifying tournament for the 2019 IHF Super Globe.

2019 IHF Super Globe
The 2019 IHF Super Globe was the thirteenth edition of the IHF Men's Super Globe, a yearly club world championship in handball organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The tournament was held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia from 27 to 31 August 2019.

FC Barcelona won their fifth title after defeating THW Kiel 34–32 in the final.
Makhosazane Masilela
Makhosazane Christine Masilela (born 29 September 1980) is a South African politician who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature since 2019. She was appointed Speaker of the Provincial Legislature in March 2021. Masilela was appoinrted Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Economic Development and Tourism in June 2024.

Executive Council of Mpumalanga
The Executive Council of Mpumalanga is the cabinet of the executive branch of the provincial government in the South African province of Mpumalanga. The Members of the Executive Council (MECs) are appointed from among the members of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature by the Premier of Mpumalanga, an office held since June 2024 by Mandla Ndlovu.
William Stolte Jr. House
William Stolte Jr. House is a historic house at 432 S. Walnut Street in Reedsburg, Wisconsin, United States. The house was built in the 1890s for local merchant William Stolte Jr. The two-and-a-half story house has a Queen Anne design, a popular style of the late nineteenth century. The house's design includes a wraparound front porch supported by fluted columns, a pedimented front entrance, and multiple projecting bays. The complex hip and gable roof includes two dormers and a round turret with a conical roof; both the turret and the dormers feature decorative shingles and woodwork.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The neighboring William Stolte Sr. House is also listed on the National Register.

Reedsburg, Wisconsin
Reedsburg is a city in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. Its population in 2020 was 9,984. The city is located 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Madison within the Baraboo micropolitan area. The city is surrounded by the Town of Reedsburg and is situated along the Baraboo River. It is the second-largest city in Sauk County after Baraboo, with a population of 9,984 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Prior to the arrival of non-indigenous people in the 19th century, the region was home to the Ho-Chunk people.  Reedsburg was first settled by James W. Babb in 1845. David C. Reed arrived in 1847, building a dam and being the namesake of the town. After the town was platted in 1852, growth would continue through its incorporation as a city in 1887. Historically, the area has relied on agriculture and manufacturing industries.

Reedsburg would grow significantly following World War II and again from 1990–2010.
Domagoj Vida
Domagoj Vida (Croatian pronunciation: [dômaɡoj ʋîːda]; born 29 April 1989) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Super League Greece club AEK Athens. He is capable of playing in any defensive position but is mostly deployed as a centre-back.

Vida was the first Croatian footballer to win a league title in four different European football leagues (with Dinamo Zagreb in Croatia, Dynamo Kyiv in Ukraine, Beşiktaş in Turkey and AEK Athens in Greece).

2014–15 Ukrainian Premier League
The 2014–15 Ukrainian Premier League season was the 24th since its establishment. The competition commenced on 25 July when Metalurh Donetsk hosted Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk in Lviv. Due to the war in Donbas, the league reduced the number of teams.
1,2-Bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane
1,2-Bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) is a diphosphine ligand in coordination chemistry. It is a colorless, air-sensitive liquid that is soluble in organic solvents.  With the formula (CH2PMe2)2, dmpe is used as a compact strongly basic spectator ligand (Me = methyl),  Representative complexes include V(dmpe)2(BH4)2, Mn(dmpe)2(AlH4)2, Tc(dmpe)2(CO)2Cl, and Ni(dmpe)Cl2.

Diphosphine ligands
Diphosphines, sometimes called bisphosphanes, are organophosphorus compounds most commonly used as bidentate phosphine ligands in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. They are identified by the presence of two phosphino groups linked by a backbone, and are usually chelating. A wide variety of diphosphines have been synthesized with different linkers and R-groups.  Alteration of the linker and R-groups alters the electronic and steric  properties of the ligands which can result in different coordination geometries and catalytic behavior in homogeneous catalysts.
Alice Gear Aegis
Alice Gear Aegis is a Japanese mobile game developed by Pyramid and published by Colopl. It was released in 2018.

A console spin-off of the mobile game, titled Alice Gear Aegis CS: Concerto of Simulatrix, was released by Mages for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation 5 in September 2022 in Japan, followed by a worldwide release in March 2023.

The game received an original video animation by Nomad in September 2021. An anime television spin-off, also by Nomad, aired from April to June 2023.

Hidive
Hidive (stylized in all caps) is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by AMC Networks. The service primarily offers Japanese anime content to paid subscribers.

The service was launched in June 2017 after the dissolution of The Anime Network's online service, which survived after the liquidation of the former A.D. Vision's assets in 2009. It even had its own channel on Crunchyroll's VRV service from 2018 until the Sony acquisition of Crunchyroll in 2021.

Hidive and its parent Sentai Filmworks were both acquired by AMC Networks at the beginning of January 2022 and restricted access to English language markets in December 2023. The streaming service offers a number of features, among those include live chat, customizable viewing features, customized profiles and subtitles, and parental controls among other things.
Klareboderne
Klareboderne is a street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Købmagergade in the west to Pilestræde in the east where it turns into Møntergade and continues to Gothersgade. The Gyldendal publishing house is based in the Gyldendal House at No. 3.

Gothersgade
Gothersgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkoˀtɐsˌkɛːðə]; see below) is a major street in the City Centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It extends from Kongens Nytorv to Sortedam Lake, passing Rosenborg Castle and Gardens, Nørreport Station and Copenhagen Botanic Gardens on the way.

Every day at 11:30 am, the Royal Life Guards, who are based at Rosenborg Barracks, depart from Rosenborg Eksercerplads and march down Gothersgade and up Bredgade for the ceremonial changing of the guard at 12 noon at Amalienborg Palace Square.
Miss Grand Japan 2025
Miss Grand Japan 2025 (Japanese: 2025 ミス・グランド・ジャパン) was the eleventh Miss Grand Japan contest, held on 10 September 2025 on the MSC Bellissima Cruise. Eighteen contestants from different prefectures of Japan competed for the right to represent Japan in the Miss Grand International 2025 pageant, to be held in Thailand on 18 October 2025.

The pageant was won by a professional dancer, Erika Ishibashi, representing the Japanese communities in the USA. Ishibashi was crowned by the preceding Miss Grand Japan 2024 Luma Naomi of Aichi and will compete internationally in the international tournament held in Thailand.

Miss Grand International 2025
Miss Grand International 2025 was the 13th edition of the Miss Grand International pageant, held at the MGI Hall in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

CJ Opiaza of the Philippines crowned Emma Tiglao of the Philippines as her successor at the end of the event. This marks the first back-to-back victory in Miss Grand International history.

Contestants from seventy-seven countries and territories competed in this edition. The competition was transmitted via the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV, and was hosted by Matthew Deane. Miss Grand Thailand 2022, Engfa Waraha, Pitchapa Justice, and Kanlayawan Phet-in performed in this edition.
Rodowan
Rodowan (Latin: Rodoan, Hungarian: Radvány; fl. 1067—died after 1071) was a nobleman who served Solomon, the King of Hungary, as palatine (Latin: palatinus comes), the highest court title, around 1067.

Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
Fairton, New Zealand
Fairton is a town in the Ashburton District, New Zealand. According to the 2001 New Zealand census it had a population of 1185, of which 612 were male and 573 were female.

The Newlands School house, opened near Rangiora in 1880, was moved to Fairton in 1901. The school moved to a new location donated by a local business in 1968.

Ashburton District
Ashburton District is a territorial authority district in the Canterbury Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It encompasses the town of Ashburton, a number of small towns and settlements and the surrounding rural area, roughly coterminous with Mid Canterbury. The district had a population of 37,400 as of June 2025.
Surfleet
Surfleet is a small village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the B1356 road, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Spalding, in the Lincolnshire fens.

The River Glen runs through the village to the east where it becomes tidal at the hamlet of Surfleet Seas End. The name Surfleet derives from the Old English sūr flēot meaning damp creek.

The parish had a population of 1,338 at the 2011 census.

South Holland District
South Holland is a local government district of Lincolnshire, England. The council is based in Spalding. Other notable towns and villages include Crowland, Sutton Bridge, Donington, Holbeach and Long Sutton. The district is named after the historical division of Lincolnshire known as the Parts of Holland.

The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, South Kesteven, Peterborough, Fenland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Trudier Harris
Trudier Harris (born February 27, 1948) is an American literary scholar, author, writing consultor, and educator. She is a Professor Emerita at the University of Alabama and held the position of J. Carlyle Sitterson Distinguished Professor at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Harris is a member of the Wintergreen Women Writers Collective.

Greene County, Alabama
Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 81% African American, making it the fourth-most heavily black county by proportion in the United States, and the most black county among all counties located outside of the state of Mississippi. It is documented as one of the unhealthiest counties in the United States, with a population with an obesity percentage of 46.3 percent, the highest of any county in the state, and second to only Claiborne County in the western portion of neighboring Mississippi. The life expectancy there is 74.9 years, over 2 years lower than the national average.