hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mycothiol
Mycothiol (MSH or AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is an unusual thiol compound found in the Actinomycetota. It is composed of a cysteine residue with an acetylated amino group linked to glucosamine, which is then linked to inositol. The oxidized, disulfide form of mycothiol (MSSM) is called mycothione, and is reduced to mycothiol by the flavoprotein mycothione reductase. Mycothiol biosynthesis and mycothiol-dependent enzymes such as mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase and mycothione reductase have been proposed to be good drug targets for the development of treatments for tuberculosis.

Cysteine
Cysteine (/ˈsɪstɪiːn/; symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HS−CH2−CH(NH2)−COOH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine are found in nature. L‑Cysteine is a protein monomer in all biota, and D-cysteine acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian nervous systems. Cysteine is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from Greek κύστις kýstis, "bladder".

The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.

When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.

Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC.
Nartan (selo)
43°31′N 43°42′E﻿ / ﻿43.517°N 43.700°E﻿ / 43.517; 43.700

Nartan (Russian: Нартан; Kabardian: Нартанэ) is a city in the North Caucasus in Chegemsky District of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Nalchik River, 5.5 kilometers (3.4 mi) east of Nalchik, the capital of the republic.  Population: 12,813 (2010 census); 12,325 (2002 census).

Nalchik
Nalchik (Russian: Нальчик, IPA: [ˈnalʲtɕɪk]; Kabardian: НалщӀэч, romanized: Nalṣ̂ăčʼ [naːɮɕʼakʲ]; Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик or Налчыкъ, romanized: Nalçik or Nalçıq [naltʃɯk]) is the capital city of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania). It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population: 247,054 (2021 census); 240,203 (2010 census); 274,974 (2002 census); 234,547 (1989 Soviet census).
2000 Internazionali di Tennis di San Marino – Doubles
Lucas Arnold Ker and Mariano Hood were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Arnold Ker chose to compete at Kitzbühel during the same week, reaching the quarterfinals.

Tomáš Cibulec and Leoš Friedl won the title by defeating Gastón Etlis and Jack Waite 7–6(7–1), 7–5 in the final.

2000 Generali Open – Doubles
Chris Haggard and Peter Nyborg were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Haggard teamed up with Tom Vanhoudt and lost in the semifinals to Pablo Albano and Cyril Suk, while Nyborg teamed up with Aleksandar Kitinov and also lost in the semifinals to Joshua Eagle and Andrew Florent.

Albano and Suk won the title by defeating Eagle and Florent 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.
Hagerstown Flying Boxcars
The Hagerstown Flying Boxcars are a professional baseball team that began play in 2024 in Hagerstown, Maryland. The franchise competes in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball in the North Division and play their home games at Meritus Park.

Hagerstown Suns
The Hagerstown Suns were a Minor League Baseball team based in Hagerstown, Maryland. They were a member of the South Atlantic League and, from 2007 through 2020, were the Class A affiliate of the Washington Nationals. They played their home games at Municipal Stadium which was opened in 1930 and seated 4,600 people. The team mascot was Woolie, a giant woolly bear caterpillar.
Kinding (Altmühltal) station
Kinding (Altmühltal) station is a regional station on the Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway in the German state of Bavaria. It is located west of the Upper Bavarian market town of Kinding, near the A 9 at the 58.6 mark (measured from Nuremberg). It is, along with the stations of Allersberg and Ingolstadt Nord, one of three regional stations of the new line between Nuremberg and Ingolstadt. The complex is located between the Schellenberg Tunnel (650 m) to the north and the Irlahüll Tunnel (7260 m) to the south.

The station was ceremoniously opened on 6 December 2006 and has been served by trains since 10 December 2006. It has 2 platform tracks and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station.

Ingolstadt Hauptbahnhof
Ingolstadt Hauptbahnhof is a railway station in the Bavarian city of Ingolstadt, situated in southern Germany. Ingolstadt station is an important junction in the Deutsche Bahn network. It has 7 platform tracks and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station.
Hohenfels-Essingen
Hohenfels-Essingen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.
Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.

Tremarctinae
The Tremarctinae or short-faced bears is a subfamily of Ursidae that contains one living representative, the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) of South America, and several extinct species from four genera: the Florida spectacled bear (Tremarctos floridanus), the North American giant short-faced bears Arctodus (A. pristinus and A. simus), the South American giant short-faced bear Arctotherium (including A. angustidens, A. vetustum, A. bonariense, A. wingei, and A. tarijense) as well as Plionarctos (P. edensis and P. harroldorum), which is thought to be ancestral to the other three genera.  Of these, the giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus and Arctotherium angustidens) may have been the largest ever carnivorans in the Americas. The group is thought to have originated in eastern North America, and then invaded South America as part of the Great American Interchange. Most short-faced bears became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.
Warren Newcombe
Warren Newcombe (April 28, 1894 – August 3, 1960) was an American special effects artist. He won two Academy Awards for Best Special Effects and was nominated for another one in the same category. He worked on more than 200 films during his career.

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.
Neurachne
Neurachne, commonly called mulga grass, is a genus of Australian plants in the grass family.

The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia’ records that Neurachne Munroi is "a very rare grass, peculiar to the back country, and only found amongst Mulga scrubs (Acacia aneura and allied species)." Found in the Interior of South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales.

Species

formerly included

see Isachne Panicum Paraneurachne Sacciolepis Thyridolepis Zygochloa

Zygochloa
Zygochloa is a genus of desert plants in the grass family known only from Australia. The only known species is Zygochloa paradoxa, commonly known as sandhill canegrass. It occurs in extremely arid areas such as the Simpson Desert.
2020–21 ECHL season
The 2020–21 ECHL season was the 33rd season of the ECHL. Due to the ongoing restrictions in the COVID-19 pandemic, the start of the regular season was pushed back to December 11, 2020.

The Fort Wayne Komets were the Kelly Cup champions, defeating the South Carolina Stingrays in four games.

Fort Wayne Komets
The Fort Wayne Komets are a minor league ice hockey team, which currently plays in the ECHL. They play their home games at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In all of North American professional hockey, only the Original Six teams of the NHL and the Hershey Bears of the AHL have played continuously in the same city with the same name longer than the Komets.
Dyadic space (cell biology)
The dyadic space is the name for the volume of cytoplasm between pairs (dyads) of areas where the cell membrane and an organelle such as the endoplasmic reticulum (or sarcoplasmic reticulum) come into close contact (within 10-12 nanometers) of each other, creating what are known as dyadic clefts.

The space is important for ionic signalling. For example, the phenomenon of calcium-induced calcium release, when extracellular calcium enters the cell through ion channels in T-Tubules, leading to a rapidly increased calcium concentration in the dyadic space, triggering ryanodine receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release more calcium and trigger cardiac myocyte contraction - the heart beat.

T-tubule
T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.   With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration.

Through these mechanisms, T-tubules allow heart muscle cells to contract more forcefully by synchronising calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell.  T-tubule structure and function are affected beat-by-beat by cardiomyocyte contraction, as well as by diseases, potentially contributing to heart failure and arrhythmias. Although these structures were first seen in 1897, research into T-tubule biology is ongoing.
Peter Montgomery (water polo)
Peter Guy Montgomery, AM (born 6 July 1950) is an Australian sports administrator and former water polo player, who competed at four Olympics from 1972 to 1984 and has been the Vice President of the Australian Olympic Committee since 2001.

Sport Australia Hall of Fame Awards
The Sport Australia Hall of Fame was established on 10 December 1985 to recognise the achievements of Australian sportsmen and sportswomen.  The inaugural induction included 120 members with Sir Don Bradman as the first inductee and Dawn Fraser the first female inductee. In 1989, the Hall of Fame was expanded to include associate members who have assisted in the development of sport in Australia. In 2012, there were 518 members. Each year the Hall of Fame inducts notable retired athletes, associate members and upgrades one member to 'legend' status.

The main award each year is the 'Don' Award but other awards include Team Sport Australia Award, Spirit of Sport Award and Hall of Fame Moments.

The National Sports Museum located at the Melbourne Cricket Ground houses the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.
The Alliance (band)
The Alliance is a group of dancehall deejays. Founded by Bounty Killer, the Alliance includes long-time collaborators like Angel Doolas and protégés like Elephant Man. Because of their high profile, some worried that the Alliance was established to "rule" the dancehall business by choosing which riddim to voice. These worries led to the war between Vybz Kartel and Ninja Man.

Ninjaman
Desmond John Ballentine (born 24 January 1966), better known as Ninjaman, and sometimes as Don Gorgon is a Jamaican dancehall deejay, known for his controversial, pro-gun lyrics, his stuttering and melodramatic style. In 2017, he received a life sentence for murder.
Vrana, Cres
Vrana (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋrâna], Italian: Passo, Villa Vrana) is a village on the Croatian island of Cres, in Primorje-Gorski Kotar. Administratively, it is part of the town of Cres. As of 2021, it had a population of 7. It is located southeast of the eponymous Lake Vrana.

Cres
Cres is an Adriatic island in west Croatia. It is one of the northern islands in the Kvarner Gulf and can be reached via ferry from Rijeka, Krk island or from the Istrian peninsula (line Brestova-Porozina).

With an area of 405.78 square kilometres (156.67 mi2), Cres has the same size as the neighbouring Krk island. In 2011, Cres had a population of 3,079 people.

In the past, Cres and the neighbouring island of Lošinj used to be one island, but now they are divided by a channel and connected by a bridge that starts from the town of Osor. Cres's only freshwater source is Lake Vrana.
Gemmotheres
Gemmotheres also known as the jewel-box pea crab, is a monotypic genus of pea crab, which was erected in 1996 to hold the species Gemmotheres chamae (formerly Pinnotheres chamae). The species lives as a commensal of the corrugate jewelbox, Chama congregata.

Pinnotheridae
Pinnotheridae is a family of tiny soft-bodied crabs that live commensally in the mantles of certain bivalve molluscs and the occasional large gastropod mollusc species in genera such as Strombus and Haliotis. Tunicotheres moseri is commensal with a tunicate. The earliest fossils attributable to the Pinnotheridae date from the Danian.
Praecilia gens
The gens Praecilia or Precilia, also written as Praecillia or Precillia, was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens are mentioned in history, but a number are known from inscriptions.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Uroproctus
Uroproctus is a monotypic genus of Thelyphonid whip scorpions, first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1894. Its single species, Uroproctus assamensis is distributed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India and Nepal.

Uropygi
Uropygi is an arachnid order comprising invertebrates commonly known as whip scorpions or vinegaroons (also spelled vinegarroons and vinegarones). They are often called uropygids. The name "whip scorpion" refers to their resemblance to true scorpions and possession of a whiplike tail, and "vinegaroon" refers to their ability when attacked to discharge an offensive, vinegar-smelling liquid, which contains acetic acid. The order may also be called Thelyphonida. Both names, Uropygi and Thelyphonida, may be used either in a narrow sense for the order of whip scorpions, or in a broad sense which includes the order Schizomida.
1985–86 OJHL season
The 1985–86 OJHL season is the 14th season of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL). The six teams of the league played a 50-game season. The top four teams made the playoffs.

The winner of the OJHL playoffs, the Orillia Travelways, won the 1986 Buckland Cup for the OHA championship and the Dudley Hewitt Cup for the Central Canadian Championship. The Travelways failed to win the 1986 Centennial Cup.

Couchiching Terriers
The Couchiching Terriers were a Junior A ice hockey team from Rama, Ontario, Canada from Lake Couchiching.  The team originated in neighbouring Orillia, Ontario, and played in the Ontario Junior A Hockey League.  The Terriers were 1985 Centennial Cup National Champions and three time Dudley Hewitt Cup Central Canadian Champions (1984, 1985, 1986).  The team folded in 2010 when offered a buyout from the league.
Nordvorstadt (Leipzig)
The Nordvorstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʁtfoːɐ̯ˌʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'Northern Vorstadt') in Leipzig in Germany is an area north of the city center and belongs to the borough (Stadtbezirk) of Leipzig-Mitte. The designation is not official. The Nordvorstadt stretches from the Inner City Ring Road to the boundaries of the former villages and today's Leipzig localities of Gohlis and Eutritzsch. It had its origins in the former tanners' quarter. The Nordvorstadt was incorporated into Leipzig in 1839 and developed according to plan from 1868/1869. With minor deviations, their area corresponds to the locality of Zentrum-Nord defined in Leipzig's municipal structure of 1992.

The Westin Leipzig
The Westin Leipzig is a hotel in Leipzig, Germany. At 96.8 m (318 ft) tall, it is the second-tallest building in Leipzig as of 2023. Constructed for the GDR hotel chain Interhotel as Hotel Merkur, the hotel has been operated by Westin Hotels & Resorts since 2003. It features 436 rooms on 27 floors, of which 17 are guest floors and three are office floors. There is a swimming pool and a wellness area on the fourth floor. The hotel houses the Brühl restaurant and the Falco and Shinto bars.
Kentucky's 5th House of Representatives district
Kentucky's 5th House of Representatives district is one of 100 districts in the Kentucky House of Representatives. Located in the far west of the state, it comprises the counties of Calloway and part of Trigg. It has been represented by Mary Beth Imes (R–Murray) since 2021. As of 2023, the district had a population of 43,983.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Gallorette Handicap top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Gallorette Handicap, an American Grade 3 race for fillies and mares age three and up at 1-1/16 miles on the turf held at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland.  (1960–present)

Pimlico Race Course
Pimlico Race Course is a thoroughbred horse racetrack in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is most famous for hosting the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the Triple Crown. Its name is derived from the 1660s when English settlers named the area where the facility currently stands in honor of Olde Ben Pimlico's Tavern in London. The racetrack is nicknamed "Old Hilltop" after a small rise in the infield that became a favorite gathering place for thoroughbred trainers and race enthusiasts.

Pimlico was owned by the Stronach Group from 2011 until 2024, when ownership transferred to the state-run Maryland Thoroughbred Racetrack Operating Authority (MTROA). Pimlico closed for renovations in September 2024, with all of Pimlico's racing dates except for the 2025 Preakness Stakes transferred to Laurel Park until the project is completed.
Rehoboth railway station
Rehoboth railway station is a railway station serving the town of Rehoboth in Namibia. It is part of the TransNamib Railway, and is located along the Windhoek to Upington line.

The railway station is situated approximately 12 kilometers east of the town of Rehoboth. When the railway line was constructed in 1910, cost considerations led to the decision not to extend the line directly into the town. Following protests by local authorities in 1912, the government constructed a 60-centimeter narrow-gauge tramway to link the station with the town center. The siding, whose operations began on 15 January 1913, was rented and operated by a Georg Bräuer but was abandoned in the early 1950s.

TransNamib
TransNamib Holdings Limited (TransNamib) is a state-owned railway company in Namibia. Organised as a holding company, it provides both rail and road freight services, as well as passenger rail services. Its headquarters are in the country’s capital Windhoek.
2012–13 Segunda División
The 2012–13 Segunda División season (known as the Liga Adelante for sponsorship reasons) was the 82nd since its establishment. The season started on 17 August 2012 and the league phase of 42 rounds ended on 9 June 2013. The entire season ended on 22 June 2013 with the promotion play-off finals.

FC Barcelona Atlètic
Futbol Club Barcelona Atlètic, commonly referred to as Barcelona B, Barça Atlètic or Barça B, is a football team based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, that competes in Segunda Federación – Group 3, the fourth tier of the Spanish league system. Founded in 1970, it is the reserve team of FC Barcelona and it plays its home fixtures at Johan Cruyff Stadium.

Reserve teams in Spain play in the same league system as the senior team, rather than in a reserve team league. They must play at least one level below their main side, and they are not eligible to play in the Copa del Rey.
1957 in spaceflight
The first orbital flight of an artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in October 1957, by the Soviet Union. In November, the second orbital flight took place. The Soviet Union launched the first animal to orbit the Earth, a dog, Laika, who died in orbit a few hours after launch.

Thor, Atlas, and R-7 rocket families all have maiden flights this year, all three of which will have long legacies for over 50 years.

Australia and the UK go to space with sounding rockets; first space launches from Australia.

The R-12 makes its maiden flight.

The US makes its first orbital attempt and fails (Vanguard TV-3).

Aerobee
The Aerobee rocket was one of the United States' most produced and productive sounding rockets. Developed by the Aerojet Corporation, the Aerobee was designed to combine the altitude and launching capability of the V-2 with the cost effectiveness and mass production of the WAC Corporal. More than 1000 Aerobees were launched between 1947 and 1985, returning vast amounts of astronomical, physical, aeronomical, and biomedical data.