hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United Nations University Institute in Macau
The United Nations University Institute in Macau, formerly the United Nations University International Institute for Software Technology (UNU-IIST; Chinese: 聯合國大學國際軟件技術研究所; Portuguese: Instituto Internacional para Tecnologia de Programação da Universidade das Nações Unidas) and then United Nations University Institute on Computing and Society (UNU-CS; Chinese: 聯合國大學計算與社會研究所), is a United Nations University global think tank conducting research and training on digital technologies for sustainable development, encouraging data-driven and evidence-based actions and policies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. UNU-Macau is located in Macau, China.

International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
The International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (ICEGOV) is an annual conference concerning electronic governance coordinated by the United Nations University Operating Unit on Policy-Driven Electronic Governance (UNU-EGOV). ICEGOV first took place in Macau, China in 2007.

The conference promotes the interaction and cooperation between universities, research centres, governments, industries, and international organizations and aims to promote the sharing of knowledge through the publication and presentation of academic papers. From 2007 – 2018, ICEGOV received 2025 paper submissions, 1007 of which it has published, and has been attended by more than 6000 participants originating from 109 countries around the world.
Arthur Gray (philatelist)
Arthur William Sinclair Gray FRPS (14 April 1939 – 22 May 2015) was an Australian philatelist known for his collection of pre-decimal Australian stamps, particularly the "kangaroo and map" issues. A collector from a young age, a successful business career gave him the means to build a gold medal winning collection through determined auction bidding in which he hated to be unsuccessful. He was active in organised philately being a fellow of several philatelic societies and was a leading figure in the purchase of the Brusden-White philatelic business. The sale of his kangaroo and map stamps at auction in 2007 was a complete sell-out and achieved a world record price for a single Australian stamp.

Postage stamps and postal history of Australia
Australia's postal system entered a unified phase of development following the federation in 1901. The previously independent postal services of the six colonies came under the control of the federal government, marking the beginning of a nationalised postal network.

Basic designs of Australian postage stamps have evolved gradually in response to historical, political and social changes in Australia. In 1913, the first stamp bearing the name “Australia” featured the iconic “Kangaroo and Map” design was issued, demonstrated the formation of a national postal identity.
Katsuga Castle
Katsuga Castle (勝賀城, Katsuga-jō) was a yamashiro-style Japanese castle located ion Katsugayama, west of the city center of modern Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.  Its ruins have been protected as a Takamatsu City designated historic site from August 6, 1980 and as a National Historic Site since 2024.

Takamatsu
Takamatsu (高松市, Takamatsu-shi; Japanese: [takaꜜmatsɯ]) is a capital city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 414,134 in 190,120 households and a population density of 1,100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 375.41 square kilometres (144.95 sq mi). It is the capital city of the prefecture.
Retro-style automobile
A retro-style automobile is a vehicle that is styled to appear like cars from previous decades. Often these cars use modern technology and production techniques. This design trend has existed since at least the 1960s with the rise of neoclassic cars, but gained popularity in the early 1990s with major manufacturers, leading to many automakers introducing models that referenced previous cars of the 1950s and 1960s.

AC Cobra
The AC Cobra, sold in the United States as the Shelby Cobra and Shelby AC Cobra, is a sports car manufactured by British company AC Cars, with a Ford V8 engine. It was produced intermittently in both the United Kingdom and later the United States from 1962 to 1967.
Walt Whitman Shops
Walt Whitman Shops (formerly known as Walt Whitman Mall) is a shopping mall in Huntington Station, New York, on Long Island. The mall features the traditional retailers Macy's, Bloomingdale's, and Saks Fifth Avenue. The mall is named for the poet Walt Whitman due to the close proximity to his birthplace, a state historic site, located near the mall.

The mall is owned and managed by Simon Property Group, one of the largest developers of shopping malls in the US.

Simon Property Group
Simon Media Properties, LLC, doing business as Simon Property Group, Inc., is an American real estate investment trust that invests in shopping malls, outlet centers, and community/lifestyle centers. It is the largest owner of shopping malls in the United States and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. As of December 31, 2024, it owned  interests in 232 properties.
Abd Allah ibn Hanzala
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥanẓala ibn Abī ʿĀmir al-Anṣārī (625/26 – August 683) was a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. He was the leader of the Ansar faction of Medina during the city’s revolt against the Umayyad caliph Yazid I in 682–683. He was killed when he led his forces to confront Yazid’s expeditionary army at the Battle of al-Harrah in August 683.

Julius Wellhausen
Julius Wellhausen (17 May 1844 – 7 January 1918) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist. In the course of his career, his research interest moved from Old Testament research through Islamic studies to New Testament scholarship. Wellhausen contributed to the composition history of the Pentateuch/Torah and studied the formative period of Islam. For the former, he is credited as one of the originators of the documentary hypothesis.
James Jenkins (American football)
James Jenkins (born August 17, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins He was a blocking specialist on offense, winning Super Bowl XXVI during the 1991 season. He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights

Jenkins attended Curtis High School and Rutgers University.  While undrafted, Joe Gibbs made a personal appeal to Jenkins to not join the Army and concentrate on professional football instead. After working as an NFL strength and conditioning coach, he worked as a State Trooper for VA State Police, where he earned several performance awards for DUI enforcement.   He coached several teams in Germany and was the head coach of the Düsseldorf Panthers, a German division I football team.  Previously he was employed as a personal training manager for LifeTime Fitness in Sugarloaf, Georgia.

Curtis High School
Curtis High School, operated by the New York City Department of Education, is one of seven public high schools located in Staten Island, New York City, New York. It was founded on February 9, 1904, the first high school on Staten Island.
Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Australia was the host nation for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.  Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 617 competitors, 341 men and 276 women, took part in 270 events in 34 sports.

Australia men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
This article lists various water polo records and statistics in relation to the Australia men's national water polo team at the Summer Olympics.

The Australia men's national water polo team has participated in 17 of 27 official men's water polo tournaments.
1989 World Youth Baseball Championship
The 1989 World Youth Baseball Championship was the inaugural edition of the under-15 international baseball competition held in Japan from 24 July to August 1989. Players aged 13 to 15 competed in the eight-nation round-robin tournament.

U-15 Baseball World Cup
The U-15 Baseball World Cup is the 15-and-under baseball world championship that features national teams as authorized ("sanctioned") by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). It began in 1989 as the World Youth Baseball Championship. In 2012 it became the 15U Baseball World Cup and is contested every two years. Because it is a world championship event, the results of the 15U Baseball World Cup affect the WBSC World Rankings.
Moore Township, Pennsylvania
Moore Township is a township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of Moore Township was 9,198 at the 2010 census. The township is located in the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Dioxygenase
Dioxygenases are oxidoreductase enzymes. Aerobic life, from simple single-celled bacteria species to complex eukaryotic organisms, has evolved to depend on the oxidizing power of dioxygen in various metabolic pathways. From energetic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation to xenobiotic degradation, the use of dioxygen as a biological oxidant is widespread and varied in the exact mechanism of its use. Enzymes employ many different schemes to use dioxygen, and this largely depends on the substrate and reaction at hand.

Catechol dioxygenase
Catechol dioxygenases are metalloprotein enzymes that carry out the oxidative cleavage of catechols.  This class of enzymes incorporate dioxygen into the substrate. Catechol dioxygenases belong to the class of oxidoreductases and have several different substrate specificities, including catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.1), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2), and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3).  The active site of catechol dioxygenases most frequently contains iron, but manganese-containing forms are also known.

The Pseudomonas putida xylE gene, which encodes catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, is often used as a reporter to quantitate gene expression.

An example of the reaction carried out by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase is the formation of cis,cis-muconic acid from catechol, shown below.
Certified International Investment Analyst
Certified International Investment Analyst (CIIA) is a global finance designation offered by the Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA) to financial professionals; candidates may be financial analysts, portfolio managers or investment advisors.

The CIIA  maintains standards both at the national and international levels: ACIIA tests candidates at the local level (at their home country), and, having cleared those country specific exams, at the common international level.
Because of similarity in exam content and difficulty, CIIA is perceived by some, particularly in Europe and Asia, as an alternative qualification to the CFA.

Asian Securities and Investments Federation
Asian Securities and Investments Federation (ASIF) is an association of finance and investment professionals throughout Asia and Oceania with 7 member societies. The association seeks to serve the finance and investment community by fostering high professional standards, including examinations and accreditation, and facilitating communication among member societies. ASIF also promotes education through such activities as annual conferences, publications and educational programs.
History of Taipei
The recorded history of Taipei began with the Han Chinese settling of the Taipei Basin in 1709, leading up to the formation of the national capital of Taiwan and high-tech industry hub and that is now Taipei City. Other notable dates include the 1895 annexation of Taiwan by Japan, during which Taipei began to grow more rapidly, and in the 1950s, the USA's provision of financial assistance to the Republic of China government, after which the city continued on a path of fast structural and industrial growth.

Dadaocheng
Dadaocheng is an area in Datong District, Taipei, Taiwan. It was also known as Twatutia (a transliteration of the Taiwanese Hokkien Tuā-tiū-tiânn), Daitōtei during Japanese rule,  and Tataocheng (Mandarin) during the Kuomintang era.

Dadaocheng was an important trading port in the 19th century, and is still a major historical tourist attraction and shopping area. The district is known for the local Taiwanese cuisine, the Chien-Cheng Circle, and also being the center of the February 28 Incident.
NOR flash replacement
While flash memory remains one of the most popular storages in embedded systems because of its non-volatility, shock-resistance, small size, and low energy consumption. Its application has grown much beyond its original design: NOR flash memory is designed to store binary code of programs because it supports XIP (eXecute-In-Place) and high performance in read operations, while NAND flash memory is used as a data storage because of its lower price and higher performance in write/erase operations, compared to NOR flash. In recent years, the price of NAND flash has gone down much faster than that of NOR flash. Thus, to reduce the hardware cost ultimately, using NAND flash to replace NOR flash (motivated by a strong market demand) becomes a new trend in embedded-system designs, especially on mobile phones and arcade games.

Static random-access memory
Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM is volatile memory; data is lost when power is removed.

The static qualifier differentiates SRAM from dynamic random-access memory (DRAM):

SRAM will hold its data permanently in the presence of power, while data in DRAM decays in seconds and thus must be periodically refreshed.

SRAM is faster than DRAM but it is more expensive in terms of silicon area and cost.

Typically, SRAM is used for the cache and internal registers of a CPU while DRAM is used for a computer's main memory.
Gettysburg National Museum
The Gettysburg National Museum was a Gettysburg Battlefield visitor attraction on the south border of the Gettysburg borough. Established by George D. Rosensteel after working at his uncle's 1888 Round Top Museum, the facility had an interpretive Battle of Gettysburg map using incandescent lights and was acquired by the National Park Service for use as the 1974–2008 Gettysburg National Military Park museum and visitor center after the Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg and before the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center.

Gettysburg Battlefield
The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the 4-acre (1.6 ha) site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27.
1980 Swiss Indoors
The 1980 Swiss Indoors, also known as the European Open Indoor Championships,  was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was played in Basel, Switzerland from 13 October through 19 October 1980. Second-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

1980 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1980 Volvo Grand Prix was a men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. The Grand Prix circuit is a precursor to the ATP Tour.

Volvo became the new tour sponsor of the Grand Prix circuit after Colgate-Palmolive decided to end its sponsorship. Eight World Championship Tennis tournaments were incorporated into the circuit.
2013 CAF Beach Soccer Championship
The 2013 CAF Beach Soccer Championship took place from 22 May to 26 May 2013, in El Jadida, Morocco, for the first time. It is the second time in Morocco, following Casablanca hosting the previous qualification tournament in 2011. It was originally scheduled for 10–14 April and then for 29 May - 2 June 2013. The two finalists of the championship qualified for the 2013 World Cup and went on to represent Africa in Tahiti in September.

All matches were held at the Mazagan Beach Resort in El Jadida.

Beach Soccer Africa Cup of Nations
The Beach Soccer Africa Cup of Nations (BSAFCON) is the beach soccer tournament of Africa, organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Launched in 2006, the winners of each edition qualifies for African nations to the upcoming FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

Coinciding with the annual staging of the World Cup, the competition took place yearly until 2009; the World Cup then became biennial, and as its supplementary qualification event, the championship followed suit.

Senegal is the most successful nation in this competition and in World Cup qualifications, having won eight titles, including the latest one in 2024, and qualified from with nine out of eleven attempts; Nigeria follow close behind, with six qualifications.
1994 Melbourne Cup
The 1994 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 1 November 1994. The race was run over 3,200 metres (1.988 mi), at Flemington Racecourse.

The race was won by the British horse, Jeune. His victory followed that of the Irish horse, Vintage Crop in the 1993 Melbourne Cup. 
Jeune at 16/1 defeated Paris Lane with the outsiders Oompala and Double Take making up the first four finishers.  The previous year's winner and 5/1 favourite, Vintage Crop, was seventh.

At the presentation the winning jockey Wayne Harris dedicated the win to a 12-year-old boy from Victoria, Andrew Read who was suffering from a brain tumour.  Read's mother had previously written to Harris who had battled with the same illness 11 years earlier.

1993 Melbourne Cup
The 1993 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 2 November 1993. The race, run over 3,200 metres (1.988 mi), at Flemington Racecourse.

The race was won by Irish horse Vintage Crop becoming the first European Horse to win the race. With his win the Melbourne Cup was put on the international map. Vintage Crop had won the Curragh Cup and Irish St. Leger before Weld took him to Australia. The Flemington Racecourse was soaked by overnight rain and Vintage Crop at 14/1 defeated outsiders Te Akau Nick and Mercator.
Fulton Ferry (ferry)
The Fulton Ferry was the first steam ferry route connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn, New York City, United States, joining Fulton Street, Manhattan, and Fulton Street, Brooklyn, across the East River. It revolutionized travel between the then City of New York on Manhattan Island and the Village of Brooklyn and the rest of Long Island. Robert Fulton's steam Fulton Ferry Company in 1814 established his name on the ferry service. After the Brooklyn Bridge was built, ridership declined, and the ferry ceased operation on January 19, 1924. NYC Ferry now serves a very similar route.

East River
The East River is a saltwater tidal estuary or strait in New York City. The waterway, which is not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island, with the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, from Manhattan Island, and from the Bronx on the North American mainland.

Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, the East River was once also known as the Sound River. The tidal strait changes its direction of flow regularly, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles (26 km), and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city.
Lörrach Dammstraße station
Lörrach Dammstraße station (German: Bahnhof Lörrach Dammstraße) is a railway station in the municipality of Lörrach, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge Weil am Rhein–Lörrach line of Deutsche Bahn.

Weil am Rhein–Lörrach railway
The Weil am Rhine–Lörrach railway (timetable line 734), also known as the Gartenbahn ("Garden Railway"), is a 4.836 km long electrified, single-track main line railway in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, near Basel. It runs from Weil am Rhein on the Rhine Valley Railway through Tüllinger Berg (Tüllingen mountain) to Lörrach-Stetten on the Wiese Valley Railway. The continuation of the former bypass of Switzerland was the now disused Wehra Valley Railway (German: Wehratalbahn) from a branch near Schopfheim on the Wiese Valley Railway to Bad Säckingen on the High Rhine Railway (Hochrheinbahn).
Battle of Okehazama
The Battle of Okehazama (桶狭間の戦い, Okehazama-no-tatakai) took place on 12 June 1560 in Owari Province, in today's Aichi Prefecture. In this battle, the heavily outnumbered Oda clan troops, commanded by Oda Nobunaga, defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto and established Oda as one of the front-running warlords in the Sengoku period.

Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川 義元; 1519 – June 12, 1560) was a Japanese samurai and daimyō (feudal lord) of the Sengoku period. Based in Suruga Province, he was known as The number one archer in the Tōkaidō (海道一の弓取り, Kaidō-ichi no Yumitori); he was one of the three daimyō that dominated the Tōkaidō region. He died in 1560 while marching to Kyoto. He was killed in the village of Dengakuhazama in Okehazama by Oda Nobunaga.
Webb Institute
Webb Institute is a private college specialized in engineering and located in Glen Cove, New York, United States. Each graduate of Webb Institute earns a Bachelor of Science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering. The school is noted in the marine industry for its emphasis on ship design and systems engineering, its practical work experience, and its free tuition for domestic students.

Hudson Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Hudson Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (HVIAC) is a member conference of the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA). It consists of five small colleges in New York state. HVIAC's first championships were held in the 2004–05 season. Similar to NCAA Division III rules, HVIAC membership is open to four-year higher education institutions that offer no athletic financial aid.