hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Heroine (1783)
HMS Heroine was a 32-gun frigate of the Royal Navy. Privately built by Henry Adams at Bucklers Hard, she was purchased by the Admiralty before construction was completed in 1783. After activation for the Spanish Armament in 1790, Heroine saw service throughout the French Revolutionary Wars. Having first served in an aborted invasion of Martinique, the frigate joined the East Indies Station in 1794, participating in the Invasion of Ceylon in the following year.

Heroine was converted into a troopship in 1800 and served as such during the Egypt campaign in 1801, participating in the Battle of Abukir. The frigate subsequently served as a floating battery, and when the Napoleonic Wars began in 1803 she was loaned to Trinity House to defend against any French invasion of Britain. This fear dissipated in 1805 after the Battle of Trafalgar, and Heroine was paid off. Worn out, she was sold in 1806.

C. Northcote Parkinson
Cyril Northcote Parkinson (30 July 1909 – 9 March 1993) was a British naval historian and author of some 60 books, the most famous of which was his best-seller Parkinson's Law (1957), in which Parkinson named the satirical Law stating that "work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion" after himself. The Law came to be taken seriously and led to his being regarded as an important scholar in public administration and management.
Nordenskiöldkysten
Nordenskiöldkysten is a coastal region at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. It forms the western coast of Nordenskiöld Land between the points Steinneset and Lewinodden, with a coastline of about sixty kilometers. Nordenskiöldkysten is included in the Nordenskiöld Land National Park. The coastal region, including the nearby mountain Ingeborgfjellet, was decided a Ramsar site in 2011.

Nordenskiöld Land National Park
Nordenskiöld Land National Park (Norwegian: Nordenskiöld Land nasjonalpark), also known as Nordenskjøld Land National Park, is a national park in Spitsbergen island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway.

Opened in 2003, the park covers the southern part of Nordenskiöld Land, on the north shore of Van Mijenfjorden. The park includes Reindalen, which is Svalbard's largest ice-free valley and features moraines, rock glaciers, pingos and avalanche features. The valley has lush vegetation and the lower part is a wetland. The area is important for reindeer, Arctic fox, waders, geese and ducks.
Bruttig-Fankel
Bruttig-Fankel is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Cochem, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell (German: Landkreis Cochem-Zell) is a district (Kreis) in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.
Matt Frevola
Matthew Kenneth Frevola (born June 11, 1990) is an American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2014, he has also competed for the World Series of Fighting and Titan FC.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
2021 Wolffkran Open
The 2021 Wolffkran Open was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Ismaning, Germany between 25 and 31 October 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Mathematics of general relativity
When studying and formulating Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, various mathematical structures and techniques are utilized. The main tools used in this geometrical theory of gravitation are tensor fields defined on a Lorentzian manifold representing spacetime. This article is a general description of the mathematics of general relativity.

Note: General relativity articles using tensors will use the abstract index notation.

Electromagnetic tensor
In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime.  The field tensor was developed by Arnold Sommerfeld after the four-dimensional tensor formulation of special relativity was introduced by Hermann Minkowski.: 22  The tensor allows related physical laws to be written concisely, and allows for the quantization of the electromagnetic field by the Lagrangian formulation described below.
Filippovka kurgans
51°20′35″N 54°07′01″E﻿ / ﻿51.342968°N 54.116974°E﻿ / 51.342968; 54.116974

The Filippovka kurgans (Ru: Филипповский курганный) are Late-Sauromatian to Early-Sarmatian culture kurgans, forming "a transition site between the Sauromation and the Sarmatian epochs", just north of the Caspian Sea in the Orenburg region of Russia, dated to the second half of the 5th century and the 4th century BCE (that is, from the 450-300 BCE period).

Kurgan
A kurgan is a type of tumulus (burial mound) constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons, and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into much of Central Asia and Eastern, Southeast, Western, and Northern Europe during the third millennium BC.

The earliest kurgans date to the fourth millennium BC in the Caucasus, and some researchers associate these with the Indo-Europeans. Kurgans were built in the Eneolithic, Bronze, Iron, Antiquity, and Middle Ages, with ancient traditions still active in Southern Siberia and Central Asia.
Battle of Summit Point
The Battle of Summit Point, also known as Flowing Springs or Cameron's Depot, was an inconclusive battle of the American Civil War fought on August 21, 1864, near Summit Point, West Virginia.

The battle was part of Union Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, which took place between August and December 1864. While Sheridan concentrated his army near Charles Town, Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early and Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson attacked the Union forces with converging columns on August 21. Anderson struck north against the Union cavalry at Summit Point. The Union forces fought effective delaying actions, withdrawing to near Halltown on the following day. The battle resulted in approximately 1,000 casualties.

Valley campaigns of 1864
The Valley campaigns of 1864 began as operations initiated by Union  Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and resulting battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during the American Civil War from May to October 1864. Some military historians divide this period into three separate campaigns. This article considers them together, as the campaigns interacted and built upon one another.
Taypi Chaka Quta
Taypi Chaka Quta (Aymara taypi center, middle, chaka bridge, quta lake, "middle bridge lake", Hispanicized spellings Taypi Chaca Kkota, Taypi Chaka Kkota) is a lake west of the Cordillera Real of Bolivia located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pukarani Municipality, Tuquia Canton, on the border to Batallas Municipality. It is situated at a height of about 4,412 metres (14,475 ft), south west of Sura Quta, a lake connected with Taypi Chaka Quta by the Link'u River ("curve river") that flows down from the Cordillera Real towards Lake Titicaca.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Sean McHale
Martin Sean McHale (born 23 March 2005) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for League of Ireland Premier Division club Sligo Rovers, on loan from St Patrick's Athletic. He has previously had loan spells at Wexford and Dundalk.

2024–25 Leinster Senior Cup
The 2025 PTSB Leinster Senior Cup is the 121st edition of the Leinster Football Association's primary competition. It includes all Leinster based League of Ireland clubs from the Premier Division and First Division, as well as a selection of intermediate and amateur level sides. The competition began on the weekend of 11 August 2024.

The group stage round with all League of Ireland clubs entering the competition is to be retained from the previous edition.
Twin XL (band)
Twin XL is an American synth-pop band and supergroup that originated in Los Angeles, California. Formed in 2017, the original members of the band consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Cameron Walker-Wright, guitarist John Gomez and bassist Stephen Gomez. The band is joined by drummer Brennan Benko who originally was a touring member until being an official member of the group in 2021. As of 2019, their music has garnered over 3 million streams.

The Summer Set
The Summer Set is an American pop rock band from Scottsdale, Arizona. The band consists of lead vocalist Brian Logan Dales, guitarist John Gomez, bass guitarist Stephen Gomez, and drummer Jess Bowen. The Summer Set was signed to The Militia Group in 2008, Razor & Tie from 2009 to 2011, and to Fearless Records from 2012 to 2017. The Summer Set has released four full-length studio albums: Love Like This (2009), Everything's Fine (2011), Legendary (2013), Stories for Monday (2016), and Meet Me At The Record Store (2025). The band toured with numerous musical acts, including the Cab, We Are the In Crowd, Mayday Parade, Sleeping with Sirens, All Time Low, the Downtown Fiction, and Action Item. The band was on hiatus from October 2017 to August 2021.

The Summer Set's musical style has been regarded as pop rock, pop punk, alternative rock, emo pop, pop music, synth-pop heavy, and power pop.
Kamasa language
Kamasa is a nearly extinct Angan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Katsiong village (7°02′48″S 146°09′09″E﻿ / ﻿7.046688°S 146.152479°E﻿ / -7.046688; 146.152479﻿ (Katsiong)), Tsewi ward, Kome Rural LLG.

Angan languages
The Angan or Kratke Range languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Angan languages are clearly valid as a family. They were first identified as such by J. Lloyd and A. Healey in 1968; Wurm (1975) classified them as Trans–New Guinea. Glottolog treats Angan as a separate or unclassified family, ignoring further evidence.

The languages are spoken in the Kratke Range of Eastern Highlands Province and adjoining areas of Gulf Province and Morobe Province.
Liquidambar orientalis
Liquidambar orientalis, commonly known as oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum, is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar, native to the eastern Mediterranean region, that occurs as pure stands mainly in the floodplains of southwestern Turkey and on the Greek island of Rhodes.

Liquidambar
Liquidambar, commonly called sweetgum (star gum in the UK), gum, redgum, satin-walnut, styrax or American storax, is the only extant genus in the flowering plant family Altingiaceae and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated as a part of the Hamamelidaceae. They are native to southeast and east Asia, the eastern Mediterranean and North America. They are decorative deciduous trees that are used in the wood industry and for ornamental purposes.
Kirton End
Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of  Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the B1391 road, 4 miles (6 km) south-west from Boston, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north-east from Kirton.

Kirton End has two Grade II listed buildings, one a disused windmill on Donington Road (B1391). The other a former public house called the Old Windmill on Willington Road.

Borough of Boston
The Borough of Boston is a local government district with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Boston. The borough also includes numerous villages in the surrounding rural area including Wyberton, Sutterton, Algakirk and Hubberts Bridge. As well as Kirton, the only other town in the borough.

The borough borders South Holland to the south, North Kesteven to the west, and East Lindsey to the north. To the east, it has a coast onto the Wash.
Marine Isotope Stage 13
Marine Isotope Stage 13 or MIS 13 is a Marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record, in Britain covering the Cromerian interglacial period between ~524,000 and 474,000 years ago. It is split into three substages, MIS 13a MIS 13b, and MIS 13c. Some records indicate that MIS 13a was an unstable warm peak with a cold split in the middle at MIS 13.12 - separating warm MIS 13.11 and 13.13. This interglacial follows the relatively warm glacial period associated with Marine Isotope Stage 14, and is followed by the relatively cold glacial period associated with MIS 12.

Cromerian Stage
The Cromerian Stage or Cromerian Complex, also called the Cromerian (German: Cromerium), is a stage in the Pleistocene glacial history of north-western Europe, mostly occurring more than half a million years ago. It is named after the East Anglian town of Cromer in Great Britain where interglacial deposits that accumulated during part of this stage were first discovered. The stratotype for this interglacial is the Cromer Forest Bed situated at the bottom of the coastal cliff near West Runton. The Cromerian stage preceded the Anglian and Elsterian glacials and show an absence of glacial deposits in western Europe, which led to the historical terms Cromerian interglacial and the Cromerian warm period (German: Kromer-Warmzeit). It is now known that the Cromerian consisted of multiple glacial and interglacial periods.
2019–20 Premiership Rugby
The 2019–20 Gallagher Premiership was the 33rd season of the top flight English domestic rugby union competition and the second one to be sponsored by Gallagher. The reigning champions entering the season were Saracens, who had claimed their fifth title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the 2019 final. London Irish had been promoted as champions from the 2018–19 RFU Championship at the first attempt.

The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the seventh successive season and  with five games also simulcast free-to-air on Channel 5. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown on Channel 5 with extended highlights on BT Sport.

2018–19 Premiership Rugby
The 2018–19 Gallagher Premiership was the 32nd season of the top flight English domestic rugby union competition and the first one to be sponsored by Gallagher. The reigning champions entering the season were Saracens, who had claimed their fourth title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the 2018 final. Bristol Bears had been promoted as champions from the 2017–18 RFU Championship at the first attempt.

The competition was broadcast by BT Sport for the sixth successive season and with five games also simulcast free-to-air on Channel 5. Highlights of each weekend's games were shown on Channel 5 with extended highlights on BT Sport.
Arkansas Derby top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Arkansas Derby, an American Grade I race for three-year-olds at 1-1/8 miles on dirt held at Oaklawn Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas.

Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort
Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort, formerly Oaklawn Park Race Track, is an American thoroughbred racetrack and casino in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. It is the home to "The Racing Festival of the South", a four-day series of races that concludes with the Arkansas Derby.

In 2017, Oaklawn was ranked fifth among thoroughbred racetracks in North America by the Horseplayers Association of North America.

In 2015, a pair of victories at Oaklawn put American Pharoah on the path to becoming American Horse of the Year and the first Triple Crown winner in 37 years.
Black Mountain (Mono County, California)
Black Mountain is an 11,797-foot-elevation (3,596-meter) summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Mono County of northern California, United States. The mountain is set within the Hoover Wilderness, on the common boundary shared by Inyo National Forest with Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest, and 1.5 mile outside the boundary of Yosemite National Park. The peak is situated immediately southwest above Virginia Lakes, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) northeast of line parent Excelsior Mountain, and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of Dunderberg Peak. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 1,500 feet (460 meters) above Cooney Lake in one-half mile (0.80 km), and the south aspect rises 3,600 feet (1,100 meters) above Lundy Canyon in one and a half miles (2.4 km). The first ascent of the summit was made in 1905 by George R. Davis, Albert Hale Sylvester, and Pearson Chapman, all with the United States Geological Survey.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
Choice37
Robin Cho, better known as Choice37, is an American record producer, songwriter, and DJ based in South Korea. He joined YG Entertainment as a producer in 2009, and has since produced songs for K-pop artists including Big Bang, Blackpink, G-Dragon, Ikon, Lee Hi, Treasure, Babymonster.

Babymonster
Babymonster (Korean: 베이비몬스터; RR: Beibimonseuteo; stylized in all caps), also referred to as Baemon (/beɪmɒn/ BAY-mon; 베몬), is a South Korean girl group formed by YG Entertainment. The group is composed of seven members: Ruka, Pharita, Asa, Ahyeon, Rami, Rora, and Chiquita.

Babymonster debuted as a full ensemble on April 1, 2024, with their eponymous extended play (EP) Babymons7er. Its single "Sheesh" became their first top-ten hit on South Korea's Circle Digital Chart. Babymonster subsequently released their debut studio album Drip in November, which sold over one million copies in South Korea. The album's title track became their second top-ten hit in the country. In 2025, the group released their second extended play We Go Up and embarked on the Hello Monsters World Tour.
Leafield
Leafield is a village and civil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Witney in West Oxfordshire, England. The parish includes the hamlet of Langley, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Leafield village. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 945.  The village is 635 feet (194 m) above sea level in the Cotswold Hills. It was the highest point in Oxfordshire until the 1974 county boundary changes enlarged the county.

West Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire is a local government district in northwest Oxfordshire, England, including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, Carterton and Witney, where the council is based.
Scuderia Serenissima
Scuderia Serenissima or Scuderia SSS Republica di Venezia was an auto racing team funded by Giovanni Volpi and active in the early 1960s. The name "Serenissima" ("Most Serene") refers to one of the many definitions the city of Venice is known for, the Volpi family being originally from the area. Based in Sasso Marconi, close to Bologna, Serenissima mostly competed in Formula One and sports car racing. Originally the team had an engine supply agreement with Ferrari. When Volpi decided to financially support ATS, a Formula One team put together by Carlo Chiti, Giotto Bizzarrini, Romolo Tavoni and other breakaway Ferrari employees, Enzo Ferrari withdrew from the agreement. Serenissima subsequently turned to De Tomaso and Maserati without much success. Serenissima officially closed in 1970.

History of Ferrari
Ferrari is an Italian company which has produced sports cars since 1947, but traces its roots back to 1929 when Enzo Ferrari formed the Scuderia Ferrari racing team.

In January 2016, Ferrari officially split off from its former parent company Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.
Nackenheim
Nackenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈnakn̩haɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – and a winegrowing centre in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Aitau
Aitau (Kazakh: Айтау) is a mountain range located in Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan.

The range rises in an almost uninhabited area. Khantau village, Moiynkum District, lies 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the west of the slopes of the Khantau massif, the northern section of the range.

Jambyl Region
Jambyl Region, formerly named Dzhambul Region until 1991, is a region of Kazakhstan. The population of the region is 1,209,665 Its administrative center is Taraz, with a population of 335,100. To the south the region borders Kyrgyzstan and nearly borders Uzbekistan in the southwest. Jambyl also borders three other provinces of Kazakhstan: Karaganda Region (to the north), Turkistan Region (to the west), and Almaty Region (to the east). The total area is 144,200 square kilometres (55,700 mi2). The province borders Lake Balkhash to its northeast. The province (and its capital during the Soviet era) was named after the Kazakh akyn (folk singer) Jambyl Jabayev.
Dova DV-1 Skylark
The Dova DV-1 Skylark is a Czech ultralight and light-sport aircraft produced by Dova Aircraft of Paskov. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.