hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bruce Cowan
David Bruce Cowan AM (15 January 1926 – 7 April 2011) was an Australian politician and Minister of the Crown in the cabinets of Tom Lewis and Sir Eric Willis. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for 14 years from 6 November 1965 until his resignation on 29 August 1980 and then for 13 years in the Australian House of Representatives for Lyne for the Country Party of Australia and its successors, the National Country and then National Parties.

Tom Lewis (Australian politician)
Thomas Lancelot Lewis (23 January 1922 – 25 April 2016) was a New South Wales politician who served as the 33rd Premier of New South Wales from 1975 to 1976, and served as a minister in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Sir Eric Willis. He became Premier following Askin's retirement from politics and held the position until he was replaced by Willis in a party vote. Lewis was first elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Wollondilly for the Liberal Party in 1957, and served until his resignation in 1978.
Hyperinflation in Serbia and Montenegro
Between 1992 and 1994, Serbia and Montenegro experienced the second-longest period of hyperinflation in world economic history after 1920s Russia, caused by an explosive growth in the money supply of the Yugoslav economy during the Yugoslav Wars. This period spanned 22 months, from March 1992 to January 1994. Inflation peaked at a monthly rate of 313 million percent in January 1994. Daily inflation was 62%, with an inflation rate of 2.03% per hour – higher than the annual inflation rate of many developed countries. The inflation rate in January 1994, converted to annual levels, reached 116,545,906,563,330% (116.546 trillion percent, or 1.16 × 1014 percent). During this period of hyperinflation in FR Yugoslavia, store prices were given in points, with each point equal to the Deutsche Mark. The conversion was made either in Deutsche Marks or in dinars at the current black market exchange rate that often changed several times per day.

Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia
Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia connotes a seven-year period of uncontrollable spiraling inflation in the early Soviet Union, running from the earliest days of the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917 to the reestablishment of the gold standard with the introduction of the chervonets as part of the New Economic Policy. The inflationary crisis effectively ended in March 1924 with the introduction of the so-called "gold ruble" as the country's standard currency.

The early Soviet hyperinflationary period was marked by three successive redenominations of its currency, in which "new rubles" replaced old at the rates of 10,000-to-1 (January 1, 1922), 100-to-1 (January 1, 1923), and 50,000-to-1 (March 7, 1924), respectively.
Sevastos Kyminitis
Sevastos Kiminitis or Sebastos Kyminites (Pontic: Σεβαστός Κυμινήτης) (1630-1703) was a Pontic Greek scholar who was born in a village close to Τrebizond, Pontus. He was principal of the Patriarchal Academy in Constantinople in the years 1671–1682. He left Constantinople in 1682 and moved to Τrebizond where he founded a Greek language school, known as Phrontisterion of Trapezous. Around 1689 he moved to Bucharest to become principal of the Princely Academy of Bucharest. He died there in 1703.

Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Historically known as Trebizond, the city was founded in 756 BC as Trapezous by Greek colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great and was later part of the independent Kingdom of Pontus that challenged Rome until 68 BC. Thenceforth part of the Roman and later Byzantine Empire, the city was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade in 1204. In 1461 it came under Ottoman rule.

During the early modern period, Trabzon, because of the importance of its port, again became a focal point of trade to Persia and the Caucasus. Today Trabzon is the second largest city and port on the Black Sea coast of Turkey with a population of almost 300,000. The urban population of the city is 330,836 (Ortahisar), with a metropolitan population of 822,270. Trabzon has 18 districts in total.
Chambani
Chambani (Magofu ya mji wa kale wa Chambani in Swahili )  is a historic site and  village located in Mkoani District of Pemba South Region. 
 Its one of several National Historic sites on the island of Pemba. The site is located nine kilometres south of Chake-Chake, close to several sets of ruins, notably the Pujini Ruins, a 15th-century citadel, located close to the village of Pujini, two kilometres to the north.

Pemba South Region
Pemba South Region or South Pemba Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania, covering an area of 332 km2 (128 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation-state of Grenada. The administrative region is located entirely on Pemba island. Pemba South Region is bordered to the south by Indian Ocean, north by Pemba North Region and the west by the Pemba Channel. The regional capital is Chake-Chake. The region has the fifth-highest HDI in the country, making one of the most developed regions in the country. The region has the highest standard of living on Pemba Island. According to the 2022 census, the region has a total population of 271,350.
Khnumhotep IV
Khnumhotep IV was an ancient Egyptian local governor buried at Beni Hasan. He was the son of Khnumhotep II and his lesser wife Tjat. He was the half-brother of Khnumhotep III, who made a career at the royal court.

Khnumhotep IV is depicted in the tomb of his father Khnumhotep II as heir and successor. He is also known from his own tomb at Beni Hasan. His tomb is unfinished and bears just on the outside a short text with his titles Iry-pat and Haty-a (member of the elite and mayor). He does not bear the classical title of a Great Chief.

Under king Senusret III, the power of local governors was reduced. They could no longer afford larger tombs. Khnumhotep IV is the last known governor buried at Beni Hasan. His small burial clearly shows the decline in power of the local governors.

Nomarch
A nomarch (Ancient Greek: νομάρχης, Ancient Egyptian: ḥrj tp ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.
Marty Jones
Marty Jones (born 13 December 1954) is an English retired professional wrestler best known for his work in Joint Promotions and All Star Wrestling throughout the 1980s and 1990s. During this period, he was the predominant holder of the Mountevans World Mid Heavyweight title. Jones was also responsible for training William Regal.

CWA World Tag Team Championship (Germany)
The CWA World Tag Team Championship was the tag team professional wrestling title in the German professional wrestling promotion the Catch Wrestling Association. It was established in 1988, and lasted until the promotion's 2000 closing. The championship was contested under two out of three falls.
Tartu Volleyball
BIGBANK Tartu is an Estonian professional volleyball club based in Tartu, Estonia, that competes in the  Baltic Men Volleyball League.

Founded in 1999, the team has won 6 Baltic League championships, 6 Estonian League championships and 6 Estonian Cups.

The team plays its home games at University of Tartu Sports Hall.

University of Tartu Sports Hall
University of Tartu Sports Hall (Estonian: Tartu Ülikooli Spordihoone) is a multi-purpose indoor arena complex in Tartu. It was opened in 1982 and is owned by the University of Tartu Academic Sports Club.

It's located on the left bank of the Emajõgi, in Ülejõe neighbourhood.
Flávio Conceição
Flávio da Conceição (born 12 June 1974) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Conceição enjoyed a successful career in Spain, where he played for two clubs—including Real Madrid with whom he won six major titles—and also represented Brazil on more than 40 occasions.

2001–02 UEFA Champions League
The 2001–02 UEFA Champions League was the 47th season of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA's premier club football tournament, and the 10th since its rebranding from the "European Champion Clubs' Cup" or "European Cup". The tournament was won by Real Madrid, who beat Bayer Leverkusen in the final to claim their ninth European Cup title. The final's winning goal was scored by Zinedine Zidane, with a left-footed volley from the edge of the penalty area into the top left corner.

Bayer Leverkusen eliminated all three English teams on their way to the final: Arsenal in the second group stage, followed by Liverpool in the quarter-finals and Manchester United in the semi-finals.

Manchester United striker Ruud van Nistelrooy was the tournament's top scorer, scoring 10 goals from the first group stage through to the semi-final.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual winners Real Madrid in the quarter-finals.
George Pulford
John George Pulford (born 1873) was an English professional golfer. His skill on the links enabled him to place high on the leaderboard in several Open Championships. He finished tied for third in both the 1897 Open Championship and the 1907 Open Championship. He was fourth in the 1895 Open Championship and was tied for tenth place in the 1909 Open Championship.

John Henry Taylor
John Henry "J.H." Taylor (19 March 1871 – 10 February 1963) was an English professional golfer and one of the pioneers of the modern game of golf. Taylor is considered to be one of the best golfers of all time. He was a significant golf course architect. Taylor helped to found the British PGA, the world's first, and became respected for his administrative work. He also wrote two notable golf books.
Dianthus
Dianthus (/daɪˈænθəs/ dy-AN-thəs) is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (D. repens) in arctic North America. Common names include carnation (D. caryophyllus), pink (D. plumarius and related species), and sweet william (D. barbatus).

Dianthus gratianopolitanus
Dianthus gratianopolitanus, commonly known as the Cheddar pink or clove pink, is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial, hardy to zones 4–8. It grows to a height of 0.5 to 1 feet, blooming from May to June. Flowers are fragrant and rose pink. Grows best in full sun and has medium water requirements. Overwatering or poor drainage leads to crown rot, and plants do not tolerate wet winter soil conditions.

The specific epithet gratianopolitanus refers to the ancient Roman name Gratianopolis of the modern French city of Grenoble. The common name Cheddar pink refers to the fact that it's native to the Cheddar Gorge in England.

It is native to western and central Europe, from the UK to Ukraine. It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.
Obarenes Mountains
The Obarenes Mountains (Spanish: Montes Obarenes) is a mountain range in northern Spain.

The range has an approximate length of 30 km, and an average altitude of 800 and 900 meters. It extends from Hoces del Ebro in Sobrón (Burgos and Álava provinces) to the Conchas de Haro in La Rioja province, where the Ebro River separates it from the Cantabrian Mountains.

Cantabrian Mountains
The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range (Spanish: Cordillera Cantábrica) are one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. 
They stretch for over 300 km (180 miles) across northern Spain, from the western limit of the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif in Galicia, along the coast of the Cantabrian Sea. Their easternmost end meets the Sistema Ibérico.

These mountains are a distinct physiographic province of the larger Alpine System physiographic division.

The Cantabrian Mountains offer a wide range of trails for hiking, as well as many challenging climbing routes. Skiing is possible in the ski resorts of Alto Campoo, Valgrande-Pajares, Fuentes de Invierno, San Isidro, Leitariegos and Manzaneda.
72 Pegasi
72 Pegasi is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Pegasus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.97. The system is located approximately 550 light years away from the Sun, based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −25 km/s.

This is a visual binary with an orbital period of roughly 492 years and an eccentricity of 0.32. The two stars are relatively similar and are about twice the mass of the Sun each. The primary star, 72 Pegasi A, is an evolved K-type giant with a visual magnitude of 5.67. The companion, 72 Pegasi B, is another K-type giant with an apparent magnitude of 6.11, and a separation of about 0.568″ from the primary. 72 Pegasi B is thought to be a binary itself, with a brown dwarf companion in a 4.2-year period.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
TO-8
In electronics, TO-8  is a designation for a standardized metal semiconductor package. TO in TO-8 stands for "transistor outline" and refers to a series of technical drawings produced by JEDEC. The TO-8 package is noticeably larger than the more common TO-5 package. While originally designed for medium power transistors (that is, higher power than TO-5 but lower than TO-3) such as the 2N1483 series or the AD136, it is more commonly used for integrated circuits and sensors (see Variants below).

TO-3
In electronics, TO-3 is a designation for a standardized metal semiconductor package used for power semiconductors, including transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers, and, integrated circuits. TO stands for "Transistor Outline" and relates to a series of technical drawings produced by JEDEC.

The TO-3 case has a flat surface which can be attached to a heatsink, normally via a thermally conductive but electrically insulating washer. The design originated at Motorola around 1955 from a group headed by Dr. Virgil E. Bottom. who was director of research of the Motorola Semiconductor Division. The first use of this design was for the germanium alloy-junction power transistor 2N176 – the first power transistor to be put into quantity production. The lead spacing was originally intended to allow plugging the device into a then-common tube socket.
German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan
German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan (German: Deutsche Kriegsgefangene in Aserbaidschan) are former servicemen of Nazi Germany captured by Soviet troops during World War II and kept on the territory of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.

Goygol (city)
Goygol (Azerbaijani: Göygöl (listen)ⓘ, German: Helenendorf) (Yelenino in 1931–1938, Khanlar in 1938–2008) is a city, municipality and the capital of the Goygol District in northwestern Azerbaijan. It is around 10 km (6 mi) south of Azerbaijan's third-largest city, Ganja. The city of Goygol has a population of 37,200 (est. 2010). The municipality includes the city of Goygol and the village of Qızılqaya.
Yajvapala dynasty
The Yajvapala (IAST: Yajvapāla) dynasty ruled parts of central India during the 13th century CE. Their capital was located at Nalapura (present-day Narwar in Shivpuri district). They are also known as Jajapella or Jajpella. The Yajvapalas carved out a kingdom in northern Madhya Pradesh during the first half of the 13th century, and successfully resisted invasions by the Chandelas and the Delhi Sultanate over the next few decades. It is not certain how their rule ended, but they probably fell to the Delhi Sultanate by the end of the century.

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (Gustaf Adolf Oscar Fredrik Arthur Edmund; 22 April 1906 – 26 January 1947) was a Swedish prince who for most of his life was second in the line of succession to the Swedish throne. He was the eldest son of Gustaf VI Adolf, who was crown prince for most of his son's life and ascended the Swedish throne three years after his son's death. The current king, Carl XVI Gustaf, is Prince Gustaf Adolf's son. The prince was killed on 26 January 1947 in an airplane crash at Kastrup Airport, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Swedish Royal Jubilee Commemorative Medals
The Kingdom of Sweden has a long history of awarding royal commemorative insignia. The oldest is the medal awarded to the godparents of Crown Prince Gustav Adolf in 1778. The majority of these medals celebrate birthdays, jubilees, coronations, and weddings within the royal family of Sweden.

Royal commemorative medals are categorized in to Category C in the Swedish order of wear, meaning they are worn after the Royal Order of the Seraphim and all war decorations.
2013 Challenger of Dallas
The 2013 Challenger of Dallas was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Dallas, United States between 4 and 10 February 2013.

RBC Tennis Championships of Dallas
The RBC Tennis Championships of Dallas (formerly known as Challenger of Dallas) was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually at the T Bar M Racquet Club in Dallas, United States, from 1998 until 2020.

Former RBC Tennis Championships of Dallas players include former world No.1 and 16-time doubles Grand Slam winners, Mike and Bob Bryan, 2014 Wimbledon doubles champions Jack Sock and Vasek Pospisil, U.S. Open finalists Kei Nishikori and Taylor Fritz, Career Golden Slam achiever Daniel Nestor, ATP Masters Cup finalist James Blake, Kyle Edmund,  Steve Johnson and Frances Tiafoe.
Anar Zeinalov
Anar Zeinalov (born 13 January 1985) is an Estonian wrestler.

He was born in Kohtla-Järve.

He began his wrestling career in 1994, coached by Georgi Esebua. Later his coach was Henn Põlluste. He is competed at World Wrestling Championships. He is 9-times Estonian champion. 2005–2013 he was a member of Estonian national wrestling team. Later he is lived and competed in Germany.

Henn Põlluste
Henn Põlluste (born on 2 September 1952 in Virtsu) is an Estonian wrestler and wrestling coach.

In 1980 he graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical Institute in physical education.

In 1972 he won Ivan Poddubny international competition.

1973-1979 he won several gold medals at Estonian Wrestling Championships.

1979–1990, 2002–2008 and 2010–2016, he was the principal coach of Estonian national wrestling team.

Students: Marko Yli-Hannuksela, Juha Ahokas, Valeri Nikitin, Tarvi Thomberg, Heiki Nabi, Ardo Arusaar.

Awards:

2012 and 2013: Estonian Coach of the Year

2013: Order of the White Star, III class.
Roland Institute of Technology
Roland Institute Of Technology, Surya Vihar, Brahmapur, Odisha also known as RIT,  was established in 2000, to impart degree courses in engineering under the Roland Educational & Charitable Trust. The prime objective of the Trust has been the promotion of facilities of technical education for people of South Odisha and around. It is ISO 9001:2000 certification and affiliated to Biju Patnaik University of Technology (BPUT).

Biju Patnaik University of Technology
Biju Patnaik University of Technology (BPUT) is a public state university located in Rourkela, Odisha, India. It was established on 21 November 2002 and named after Biju Patnaik, a former Chief Minister of Odisha.
Spread option
In finance, a spread option is a type of option where the payoff is based on the difference in price between two underlying assets. For example, the two assets could be crude oil and heating oil; trading such an option might be of interest to oil refineries, whose profits are a function of the difference between these two prices. Spread options are generally traded over the counter, rather than on exchange.

A 'spread option' is not the same as an 'option spread'. A spread option is a new, relatively rare type of exotic option on two underlyings, while an option spread is a combination trade: the purchase of one (vanilla) option and the sale of another option on the same underlying.

Margrabe's formula
In mathematical finance, Margrabe's formula is an option pricing formula applicable to an option to exchange one risky asset for another risky asset at maturity. It was derived by William Margrabe in 1978. Margrabe's paper has been cited by over 2000 subsequent articles.
2027 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup
The 2027 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup will be the third edition of the Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup, scheduled to be hosted by Bangladesh and Nepal in 2027. Schedule of the tournament yet to be announced. India are the defending champions having won their second title in the previous edition.

2025 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup qualification
The 2025 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup qualification was a series of regional qualification tournaments to determine the final five teams for the 2025 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. Qualification tournaments were held in Africa, Asia, East-Asia Pacific and Europe.