hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsugaru dialect
The Tsugaru dialect (津軽弁, Tsugaru-ben) is a Japanese dialect spoken in western Aomori Prefecture.

The Tsugaru dialect is reputed to be so divergent from standard Japanese for those who are not native speakers, that even people living in the same prefecture may have trouble understanding it. In 1988, fans of the Tsugaru dialect proclaimed October 23 to be Tsugaru Dialect Day (津軽弁の日, Tsugaru-ben no hi). October 23 is the anniversary of the death of Takagi Kyozo, a famous poet who wrote in the Tsugaru dialect.

In Tsuruta, there is an annual summer Tsugaru-ben competition (津軽弁大会, Tsugaru-ben taikai) in which teams of foreigners create short skits or performances, usually humorous, using the dialect.  In June 2009, a short segment featuring the competition was broadcast nationally on NHK.

Japanese dialects
The dialects (方言, hōgen) of the Japanese language fall into two primary clades, Eastern (including modern capital Tokyo) and Western (including old capital Kyoto), with the dialects of Kyushu and Hachijō Island often distinguished as additional branches, the latter perhaps the most divergent of all. The Ryukyuan languages of Okinawa Prefecture and the southern islands of Kagoshima Prefecture form a separate branch of the Japonic family, and are not Japanese dialects, although they are often referred to as such.

Japan with its numerous islands and mountains has the ideal setting for developing many dialects.
Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton, 462 U.S. 176 (1983), is a U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld an Alabama law preventing oil and gas producers from passing on severance tax increases to consumers. The court ruled that the law was not in violation of the Contract Clause or the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. This case arose when Exxon argued that the law passed by the state of Alabama was unconstitutional because it interfered with private contracts and treated companies like Exxon unfairly. The court ruled against Exxon arguing that states could create laws that affect contracts as long as they apply to the majority and served a public purpose.

Contract Clause
Article I, Section 10, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the Contract Clause, imposes certain prohibitions on the states. These prohibitions are meant to protect individuals from intrusion by state governments and to keep the states from intruding on the enumerated powers of the U.S. federal government.

Among other things, this clause prohibits states from issuing their own money and from enacting legislation relieving particular persons of their contractual obligations. Although the clause recognizes people's right to form contracts, it allows the government to create laws barring contracts offending public policy, such as contracts for sex or for child labor. Likewise, though prohibited from creating a state currency, states are not barred from making "gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts".
Abbreviator
An abbreviator (plural "abbreviators" in English, abbreviatores in Latin) or breviator was a writer of the Papal Chancery who adumbrated and prepared in correct form Papal bulls, briefs, and consistorial decrees before these were written out in extenso by the scriptores.

They are first mentioned in the Papal bull Extravagantes of Pope John XXII and in a Papal bull of Pope Benedict XII.

After the protonotaries left the adumbration of the minutes to the Abbreviators, those de Parco majori of the dignity of prelate were the most important officers of the Papal Chancery. By the pontificate of Pope Martin V their signature was essential to the validity of the acts of the Chancery. Over time they obtained many important privileges.

Prothonotary
A prothonotary is the "principal clerk of a court," from Late Latin prothonotarius (c. 400), from Greek protonotarios "first scribe," originally the chief of the college of recorders of the court of the Byzantine Empire, from Greek πρῶτος protos "first" + Latin notarius ("notary"); the h appeared in Medieval Latin. The title was awarded to certain high-ranking notaries, and was first  recorded in the English language in 1447.
2021 French regional elections
Regional elections were held in France on 20 June and 27 June 2021. At stake were the regional councils in metropolitan and overseas France including the Corsican Assembly, Assembly of French Guiana and Assembly of Martinique, all for a six-year term. The Departmental Council of Mayotte, which also exercises the powers of a region, also participated in this election, because the departmental elections were held at the same time. Eighteen regional presidencies were at stake, with thirteen in mainland France and Corsica, as well as five overseas. Though they do not have legislative autonomy, these territorial collectivities manage sizable budgets. Moreover, regional elections are often perceived as a mid-term opinion poll. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the regional and departmental elections were postponed, first to 13 and 20 June 2021 and then to 20 and 27 June 2021.

2004 French regional elections
Regional elections in were held in France on 21 and 28 March 2004. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 regions which, although they do not have legislative powers, manage sizeable budgets. The results were a triumph for the parties of the left, led by the French Socialist Party (PS) in alliance with minor parties, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Left Radical Party (PRG) and The Greens (Les Verts). The left has usually fared moderately well in regional elections, but this was their best result since the regional system was introduced.

The left won control of twenty of the twenty-two regions of metropolitan France, defeating the parties of the mainstream right, the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) and the Union for French Democracy (UDF), and the extreme right National Front (FN). The results were seen as a major setback for the then President Jacques Chirac and Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin.
St Anne's Church, Turton
St Anne's Church is a Grade II listed building in Chapeltown, Turton, in the Borough of Blackburn with Darwen, Lancashire, England. It is an active Church of England parish church in the Diocese of Manchester and is part of the Deanery of Bolton and Archdeaconry of Bolton.

Anglican Diocese of Manchester
The Diocese of Manchester is a Church of England diocese in the Province of York, England. Based in the city of Manchester, the diocese covers much of the county of Greater Manchester and small areas of the counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
Kalousek
Kalousek (feminine: Kalousková) is a Czech surname. It is a diminutive of the surname Kalous and the word kalous, meaning 'long-eared owl'. Notable people with the surname include:

David Kalousek (born 1975), Czech footballer

Josef Kalousek (1838–1915), Czech historian

Miroslav Kalousek (born 1960), Czech politician

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Dollard, Saskatchewan
Dollard is an unincorporated community, within the Rural Municipality of Arlington No. 79, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is situated on the historic Red Coat Trail in the southwest corner of the province, 13 km west of the town of Shaunavon and 21 km east of the town of Eastend.

Shaunavon, Saskatchewan
Shaunavon (/ˈʃɔːnəvɪn/ SHAW-nə-vin) is a town in southwest Saskatchewan. At the junction of Highways 37 and 13, it is 110 kilometres from Swift Current, 163 kilometres from the Alberta border, and 74 kilometres from the Montana border. Shaunavon was established in 1913 along the Canadian Pacific Railway line.

The town has several nicknames including Bone Creek Basin, Boomtown, and Oasis of the Prairies. The latter name is derived from the park located in the centre of town.
The Shaunavon Formation, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin is named for the town.
Stag Hunt (Huang Zongdao)
The Stag Hunt (Chinese: 獵鹿圖 卷; Pinyin: liè lù tú juǎn), or Deer Hunting Scroll is a 12th century Chinese scroll painting depicting an equestrian deer hunt by an aristocratic hunter. Originally attributed to Yelü Bei, also known as Li Zanhua, a former king of the Dongdan Kingdom who then defected to Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang during the turbulent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period by owners of the painting, the work is now attributed to the artist Huang Zongdao. Recognized by many famed artists throughout Chinese history like Zhu Derun, Shen Zhou, and the Qing Imperial Court, the scroll was acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1982, where it has been ever since.

Later Tang
Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors. The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.  The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923.
International Certification of Digital Literacy
International Certification of Digital Literacy (ICDL), formerly known as European Computer Driving Licence (ECDL), is a digital literacy certification program provided by ICDL Foundation, a not-for-profit organisation.
The ICDL / ECDL certification is a globally recognised information and communication technology (ICT) and digital literacy qualification.

In 1995 the ECDL certification programme was developed through a task force of the Council of European Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS) and was recommended by the European Commission High Level Group, ESDIS, to be a Europe-wide certification scheme. The task force compared several national certification schemes and chose the CDL from Finland as the basis for piloting and later adoption into the ECDL.

Digital literacy
Digital literacy is an individual's ability to find, evaluate, and communicate information using digital devices or digital media platforms. Digital literacy combines technical and cognitive abilities; it includes using information and communication technologies to create, evaluate, and share information, and critically examining their social and political impacts.

Digital literacy initially focused on digital skills and stand-alone computers, but the advent of the internet and social media use has shifted some of its focus to mobile devices.
2008 BMW Open
The 2008 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 93rd edition of the BMW Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place in Munich, Germany, from 28 April through 4 May 2008.

The announced draw was led by Marseille semifinalist Paul-Henri Mathieu, Viña del Mar champion Fernando González, Auckland winner and BMW Open defending champion Philipp Kohlschreiber. Other top seeds were Miami and Monte Carlo Masters quarterfinalist Igor Andreev, Indian Wells Masters quarterfinalist Tommy Haas, Andreas Seppi, Steve Darcis and Marin Čilić.

Bavarian International Tennis Championships
The Bavarian International Tennis Championships (German: Internationale Tennis-Meisterschaften von Bayern), known since 1990 by its sponsored name BMW Open, is a men's tennis tournament held at the MTTC Iphitos in Munich, Germany. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour calendar. In 2025, it was upgraded to an ATP 500 level event.
Founded in 1899 as a combined men's and women's event, it is also known as the  Bavarian Open.
Single ventricle
Single ventricle is a rare congenital heart defect, which constitutes just over 1% of congenital cardiovascular diseases. The single functional ventricle could be morphologically right or left with the second ventricle usually hypoplastic and/or insufficiently functional. Therefore, there are several subtypes of the disease, depending on which ventricle is underdeveloped.

Single ventricle with functional left ventricle:
Pulmonal atresia
Tricuspidal atresia
Double inlet left ventricle
Double outlet left ventricle

Single ventricle with functional right ventricle:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Double inlet right ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle

Single ventricle heterotaxy syndrome is also included to this category.

Double outlet right ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a form of congenital heart disease where both of the great arteries connect (in whole or in part) to the right ventricle (RV). In some cases it is found that this occurs on the left side of the heart rather than the right side.
Group D (FIA)
In motorsport, Group D is for international formula racing cars classified by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile in Appendix J of its International Sporting Code. The group was first described in Article 251 "Classification and Definitions", in 1982 along with the simultaneous introduction of Groups N, A, B, C and E.
Group D was placed in Category II for Competition Cars, cars that were single builds for racing purposes only. The Group continued to be defined in new publications of Appendix J Article 251, usually annually, until 2019.
Although Appendix J does define Formula 2 and Formula 3 as "international formulae", neither have ever been explicitly defined as being in or consisting of Group D in their respective technical or specific regulations. Further, Group D is not mentioned anywhere else in the International Sporting Code or its appendices other than the initial classification and definition in Article 251.

International Sporting Code
The International Sporting Code (ISC) is a set of rules applicable to all four-wheel motorsport as governed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It was first implemented in 1926.

The ISC consists of 20 articles and several appendices. It contains definitions, general principles, and regulations, as well as rules for race organisers, contenders, racers, and officials. As motorsport is very hierarchic, the ISC may also be applicable in the rules of national racing federations.

Some North American domestic racing, such as NASCAR and IndyCar are outside the FIA's jurisdiction and hence not governed by the ISC and they instead usually govern their own series themselves. Motorcycle sport is also exempt since the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) is responsible for this sport, not the FIA.
Abraham Miller
Abraham Hugo Miller (March 13, 1851 – July 8, 1913) was a businessman, pastor and state legislator in Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1874 and 1875. At the peak of his business operations, he was considered the wealthiest man in Arkansas.

He was a pastor at Centennial Baptist Church in Helena, Arkansas. He and his wife were on the board of trustees at Arkansas Baptist College. He wrote an autobiography titled How I Succeeded in my Business.

Arkansas Baptist College
Arkansas Baptist College (ABC) is a private Baptist-affiliated historically black college in Little Rock, Arkansas. Founded in 1884 as the Minister's Institute, while later renaming it to its current name in April 1885, ABC was initially funded by the Colored Baptists of the State of Arkansas. It is the only historically black Baptist school west of the Mississippi River. The Main Building on its campus, built in 1893, is one of the oldest surviving academic buildings in the state, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Alhokm Baad Almozawla
Alhokm Baad Almozawla (Arabic:الحكم بعد المزاولة) (variously translated as "Judgment After a Prank", "Judgement after Deliberations" and "The Verdict After Judgment") is a popular Egyptian hidden camera/practical joke reality television series. On the show, unsuspecting celebrities are under the pretense that they are being interviewed for an Arabic-speaking German TV network. They are asked about their views on Israel, and then told they are on Israeli TV, provoking a range of reactions.

Hidden camera
A hidden camera or spy camera is a camera used to photograph or record subjects, often people, without their knowledge. The camera may be considered "hidden" because it is not visible to the subject being filmed, or is disguised as another object. Hidden cameras are often considered a surveillance tool.

The term "hidden camera" is commonly used when subjects are unaware that they are being recorded, usually lacking their knowledge and consent; the term "spy camera" is generally used when the subject would object to being recorded if they were aware of the camera's presence. In contrast, the phrase "security camera" refers to cameras that are visible and/or are accompanied by a warning notice of their presence, so the subject is aware of the camera's presence and knows they are being filmed.

The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues. There may be legal aspects to consider, depending on the jurisdiction in which they are used.
2013 Power Horse Cup
The 2013 Power Horse Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the Power Horse Cup as an ATP World Tour 250 series event on the 2013 ATP World Tour and replaced the World Team Cup, a team event previously held at the same venue. It took place at the Rochusclub in Düsseldorf, Germany, from May 19 through May 25, 2013.

ATP Düsseldorf Open
The Düsseldorf Open (formerly known as the Power Horse Cup) was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor Clay in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The event was affiliated with the ATP 250 series, on the ATP Tour.  The initial event took place on 18–25 May 2013. The 2014 edition of the tournament took place without a title sponsor.

In 2015, the event was cancelled before the 2015 ATP World Tour, due a lack of sponsorship, and the tournament's spot in the schedule was awarded to the Geneva Open.

From 2006 until 2008, the Düsseldorf Open were an ATP Challenger Tour tournament played at the TG Nord tennis courts.
Sevyan Vainshtein
Sevʹyan Izrailevich Vainshtein (Russian: Севьян Израилевич Вайнштейн; 1926–2008) was a Russian ethnographer, archaeologist, and historian of Siberian and Central Asian peoples. He was a professor at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

Yenisei
The Yenisey or Yenisei (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪ/, YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia. Its delta is formed between the Gyda Peninsula and the Taymyr Peninsula.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).
Archdiocese of Bourges
The Archdiocese of Bourges (Latin: Archidioecesis Bituricensis; French: Archidiocèse de Bourges) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. The Archdiocese comprises the départements of Cher and Indre in the Region of Val de Loire. Bourges Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Stephen (French: Étienne), stands in the city of Bourges in the department of Cher.  Although this is still titled as an Archdiocese, it ceased as a metropolitan see in 2002 and is now a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of Tours.

Cher (department)
Cher (/ʃɛər/ SHAIR; French: [ʃɛʁ] ⓘ; Berrichon: Char) is a department in central France, part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Named after the river Cher, its prefecture is Bourges. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.
Jealousy (EP)
Jealousy is an EP by Japanese heavy metal band Loudness. It was released in May 1988 only in Japan, a market that the band felt to have neglected in favour of American audiences. It would also mark the final recording with the classic line-up, until Spiritual Canoe in 2001. Singer Minoru Niihara left the band after the end of the domestic tour promoting this release. The song "Long Distance Love" would later be reworked for the On the Prowl album, with vocals by American singer Mike Vescera.

On the Prowl (Loudness album)
On the Prowl is the ninth studio album released by the Japanese heavy metal band Loudness. It is also their second and last album with American vocalist Michael Vescera, before he left to join Yngwie Malmsteen's band. On the Prowl is mainly a compilation of self-covers of songs from early Loudness' albums, containing only three new songs written by the band. However, Mike Vescera translated and adapted the lyrics of the old songs written by former vocalist Minoru Niihara, to be sung in English.
1994 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 1994. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group qualifying round, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and were guaranteed a World Group spot for 1995.

Germany were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semifinals.

Sweden won the title, defeating Russia in the final, 4–1. The final was held at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 2 to 4 December. It was the Swedish team's 5th Davis Cup title overall.

Olympic Stadium (Moscow)
Olympic Stadium (Russian: Олимпийский стадион) (known locally as Olimpiyskiy) was an indoor arena located in Moscow, Russia. It was built for the 1980 Summer Olympics and, divided into two separated halls, hosted the basketball and boxing events. It was closed in March 2019, and was subsequently demolished in 2020 for the construction of a new complex.
Raether limit
The Raether limit is the physical limiting value of the multiplication factor (M) or gas gain in an ionization avalanche process (Townsend avalanche).

Even though, theoretically, it seems as if M can increase without limit (exponentially), physically, it is limited to about M < 108 or αx < 20 (where α is the first Townsend coefficient and x is the length of the path of ionization, starting from the point of the primary ionization).

Heinz Raether postulated that this was due to the effect of the space charge on the electric field.

The multiplication factor or gas gain is of fundamental importance for the operation of the proportional counter and Geiger counter ionizing radiation detectors.

Proportional counter
The proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability to measure the energy of incident radiation, by producing a detector output pulse that is proportional to the radiation energy absorbed by the detector due to an ionizing event; hence the detector's name. It is widely used where energy levels of incident radiation must be known, such as in the discrimination between alpha and beta particles, or accurate measurement of X-ray radiation dose.

A proportional counter uses a combination of the mechanisms of a Geiger–Müller tube and an ionization chamber, and operates in an intermediate voltage region between these. The accompanying plot shows the proportional counter operating voltage region for a co-axial cylinder arrangement.