hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hans Vogt (linguist)
Hans Kamstrup Vogt (1 June 1903 – 25 September 1986) was a Norwegian linguist who specialized in the Caucasian languages, especially Georgian.  He also did significant early work on the Kalispel language and produced an interesting dictionary of the Ubykh language.

He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters since 1937, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters from 1957 and of the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature from 1971. He was an honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America, the Societas Caucasologica Europaea and the Georgian Academy of Languages. He held an honorary degree at the Tbilisi State University and won the Nansen Medal in 1967. He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav (1966) and Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.

Politically he was a member of the organization Mot Dag from 1926 to 1936.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Suburbia (department store)
Suburbia is a Mexican chain of department stores now part of the El Puerto de Liverpool group and founded in 1970 in Mexico City. Its main activity consists of the sale of clothing, appliances, electronics and cell phones aimed at the middle and lower economic classes. As of December 2023, there were 180 Suburbia department stores located across  Mexico.

Bodega Aurrerá
Bodega Aurrerá is a Mexican discount store chain and subsidiary of Walmart de México y Centroamérica (Walmex). Founded in 1970 in Mexico City, the brand was originally part of Grupo Cifra, a retail conglomerate established by the Arango brothers. Following Walmart's acquisition of majority control in 1997 and the subsequent corporate reorganization in 2001, the original "Aurrerá" hypermarkets were converted into Walmart Supercenters, while the "Bodega Aurrerá" format was retained to serve the discount market sector.

As of November 2024, the chain operates over 2,500 stores across Mexico, comprising roughly half of Walmex's total units in the country. The brand is distinguished by its mascot, "Mamá Lucha", a masked luchadora character introduced in 2006 to represent the company's price-fighting strategy.
Pawan Hans
Pawan Hans Limited (PHL) is a transport service operated as a central public sector undertaking based at Noida in Delhi NCR, India. It is a Mini Ratna-I category PSU under the ownership of Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Government of India. It has cumulatively flown more than 1 million hours and has had 2.5 million landings on its fleet since its formation. The registered office is located in New Delhi. The corporate headquarter is located at Sector-1 in Noida with regional office at New Delhi, Mumbai and Guwahati. The operations are based at the Juhu Aerodrome in Vile Parle (West), Mumbai.

It is the country's  only government-owned-helicopter service provider with the objective of providing helicopter support services to the oil sector for its off-shore exploration operations, services in remote areas and charter services for promotion of tourism.

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (IATA: GAU, ICAO: VEGT), or Guwahati Airport, is an international airport serving the largest city of Assam and the capital of the state within it, Guwahati and Dispur, in India. It is the primary airport of Northeast India. It is located at Borjhar, 26 km (16 mi) from Dispur and 28 km (18 mi) from Guwahati. It is named after Gopinath Bordoloi, an independence activist and the first Chief Minister of Assam after India's independence. The airport is managed by the Airports Authority of India and also serves as an Indian Air Force base.
1993 Athens International
The 1993 Athens International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Athens, Greece that was part of the World Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It was the 8th edition of the tournament and was held from 4 October until 11 October 1993. Unseeded Jordi Arrese won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

1993 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Inam-ul-Haq (diplomat)
Inam-ul-Haq (Urdu: انعام الحق; born 10 November 1940) is a Pakistani career diplomat who served as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in the caretaker government of Muhammad Mian Soomro for four months from November 2007 till March 2008.

He also remained Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from June 2002 till the appointment of Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri as Foreign Minister in November 2002, and Foreign Secretary, the highest post of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after he replaced Shamshad Ahmad in February 2000.

Haq served as Pakistan Ambassador to Turkey, China (1997–1999) and Permanent Representative to the United Nations before being appointed Foreign Secretary.

As of January 2026, Haq is the Chairman of the Board of the Islamabad Policy Research Institute, a quasi-governmental think-tank based in Islamabad.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs (Urdu: وزیرِ خارجہ, romanized: Wazīr-e Xārjā), simply the Foreign Minister, is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Pakistan. The minister oversees the federal government's foreign policy and International relations. Their responsibility includes representing Pakistan and its government in the international community. This position is one of the senior-most offices in the Cabinet of Pakistan. The office of the foreign minister was initially held by Liaquat Ali Khan, who also served as the country's first prime minister. Subsequently, several other prime ministers have held the additional charge of the office of the foreign minister.
Reflectron
A reflectron (mass reflectron) is a type of time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) that comprises a pulsed ion source, field-free region,  ion mirror, and ion detector and uses a static or time dependent electric field in the ion mirror to reverse the direction of travel of the ions entering it.  Using the reflectron, one can substantially diminish a spread of flight times of the ions with the same mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) caused by spread in kinetic energy of these ions measured at the exit from the ion source.

Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.

It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry.  The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum, when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields.

Some disciplines use the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/m) instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio.  The CODATA recommended value for an electron is ⁠Q/m⁠ = −1.75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1.
Michael Williamson (swimmer)
Michael Williamson (born 5 February 1981) is an Irish former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu, South Korea with a time of 2:15.52.

Williamson qualified for the men's 200 m breaststroke at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by achieving a FINA A-standard entry time of 2:14.18 from the British Olympic trials in Sheffield. He challenged seven other swimmers on the sixth heat, including top medal favorites Brendan Hansen of the United States and Dániel Gyurta of Hungary. He raced to sixth place by more than a second behind Gyurta's teammate Richárd Bodor, outside his entry time of 2:15.75. Williamson failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed twenty-second overall in the preliminaries.

Three months after the Games, Williamson announced his retirement from swimming to focus his efforts on his career.

Brendan Hansen
Brendan Joseph Hansen (born August 15, 1981) is an American former competition swimmer who specialized in breaststroke events.  Hansen is a six-time Olympic medalist, and is also a former world record-holder in both the 100-meter and 200-meter breaststroke events (long course).

He won twenty-five medals in major international competitions, eighteen gold, four silver, and three bronze spanning the Olympics, the World, and the Pan Pacific Championships.  He was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic team and won the bronze medal in the 100-meter breaststroke and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
So Who's the Bass Player? The Ox Anthology
So Who's the Bass Player? The Ox Anthology is a two-CD collection of the work of the late bassist for the Who, John Entwistle. It features rare recordings, spanning from the mid-1960s until his death in 2002. Included are songs written by Entwistle which were not included in some Who recordings, as well as songs which were rejected by the band originally.

The album is a compilation of Entwistle's solo career and is chronologically arranged, starting with selections from his debut studio album, Smash Your Head Against the Wall, (1971) through his last, an album of music from the 1997–1998 cartoon series Van-Pires (Music from Van-Pires, 2000), and also includes live performances.

Alice Cooper sings the lead vocals on two tracks, from Flash Fearless Vs. the Zorg Women, Pts. 5 & 6 (1975).

Mad Dog (album)
Mad Dog is the fourth solo studio album by the English rock musician John Entwistle, who was the bassist for the Who at that time. It was his last solo studio album for six years, and the debut and sole studio album by his band John Entwistle's Ox.

Mad Dog didn't generate much interest, either in sales or among fans, in what sounded like and is often referred as to by fans as "the son of Rigor Mortis".

His next solo studio album Too Late the Hero (1981) would become his most successful whilst Mad Dog was his least successful solo album until the release of The Rock (1996).

The song "Cell Number 7", (which is a close relation to the Who's "Long Live Rock") detailed the Who's then recent brush with Canadian justice in 1974 after a hotel wrecking spree in Montreal while on their Quadrophenia tour.
Unreal Tournament 2004
Unreal Tournament 2004 (often abbreviated to simply UT2004) is a first-person arena shooter video game developed by Epic Games and Digital Extremes. Part of the Unreal franchise, it is the third game in the Unreal Tournament series and an updated rerelease of Unreal Tournament 2003.

Among significant changes to gameplay mechanics and visual presentation, one of the major additions introduced by Unreal Tournament 2004 is the inclusion of vehicles and the Onslaught game type, allowing for large-scale battles.

A sequel, Unreal Tournament 3, was released on November 19, 2007.

In December 2022, the Epic servers for all games in the series were closed. Currently, no games in the series, including UT2004, are available for purchase on any digital platforms and stores. Epic Games has not yet announced the reason for this decision.

Deathmatch (video games)
Deathmatch, also known as free-for-all, is a gameplay mode used in many shooter games, including first-person shooter (FPS) and real-time strategy (RTS) video games, in which the objective is to eliminate opposing players as many times as possible. A deathmatch session typically ends when a predefined frag limit or time limit is reached, with victory awarded to the player who achieves the highest number of frags.
The deathmatch is an evolution of competitive multiplayer modes found in game genres such as fighting games and racing games moving into other genres.
People's Writer
People's Writer is a honorary title to distinguished writers.

The title originated in the Soviet Union and was  granted by the Republics of the Soviet Union and the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. Some post-Soviet states continue granting this type of award.

People's Writer of Azerbaijan

People's Writer of Bashkortostan

People's Writer of Belarus

People's Writer of the Kazakh SSR

People's Writer of the Kyrgyz Republic

People's Writer of the Latvian SSR

People's Writer of the Lithuanian SSR

People's Writer of the Mari El Republic

People's Writer (Poet) of the Republic of Dagestan

People's Writer of the Republic of Tatarstan

People's Writer of the Republic of Dagestan

People's Writer of the Chuvash Republic

People's Writer of the Estonian SSR

Title of honor
A title of honor or honorary title is a title bestowed upon individuals or organizations as an award in recognition of their merits.

Sometimes the title bears the same or nearly the same name as a title of authority, but the person bestowed does not have to carry out any duties, except for ceremonial ones. The title may sometimes be temporary, only valid for the individual's visit or for a single day, though they can also be permanent titles. In some cases, these titles are bestowed posthumously.

Some historical honorary titles may be bought, like certain titles of nobility. This has long been a matter of fraud, both outright and indirect. Honorary titles also serve as positions of sinecure and honorary retirement.
General Aviation Revitalization Act
The General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994, also known by its initials GARA, is Public Law 103-298, an Act of Congress on Senate Bill S. 1458 (103rd Congress), amending the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.

It was intended to counteract the effects of prolonged product liability on general aviation aircraft manufacturers, by limiting the duration of their liability for the aircraft they produce.

GARA is a statute of repose generally shielding most manufacturers of aircraft (carrying fewer than 20 passengers), and aircraft parts, from liability for most accidents (including injury or fatality accidents) involving their products that are 18 years old or older (at the time of the accident), even if manufacturer negligence was a cause.

While GARA is considered a landmark event in the modern history of America's general aviation industry, debate continues over the effects and ethics of GARA.

Beechcraft Bonanza
The Beechcraft Bonanza is an American general aviation aircraft introduced in 1947 by Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita, Kansas. The four-to-six seat, single-engined aircraft has been in continuous production longer than any other aircraft in history. More than 18,000 Bonanzas of all variants, and over 6,000 twin-engined derivatives, have been built. produced in both distinctive V-tail and conventional-tail configurations; early conventional-tail versions were marketed as the Debonair.

In November 2025, Textron Aviation (the later corporate owner of Beechcraft) announced that the Bonanza and the Beechcraft Baron were ceasing production once the final backlog of orders was filled.  Textron assured existing owners that parts, maintenance, and support for the Bonanza will continue to be provided.
British Army Aeroplane No 1
The British Army Aeroplane No 1 or sometimes Cody 1 was a biplane built by Samuel Franklin Cody in 1907 at the Army Balloon Factory at Farnborough. It made the first recognised powered and sustained flight in the United Kingdom on 16 October 1908.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
CRuMs
CRuMs is a clade of microbial eukaryotes, whose name is an acronym of the following constituent groups: Diphylleids, rigifilids, and mantamonads as sister of the Amorphea. A new CRuMs order Glissandrida was proposed in 2025 to place the yet unclassified genus Glissandra. It more or less supersedes Varisulca, as Ancyromonadida are inferred not to be specifically related to the orders Diphylleida / Collodictyonida, Rigifilida and Mantamonadida.

Amorphea
Amorphea is a taxonomic supergroup that includes the basal Amoebozoa and Obazoa. That latter contains the Opisthokonta, which includes the fungi, animals and the choanoflagellates. The taxonomic affinities of the members of this clade were originally described and proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002.

The International Society of Protistologists, the recognised body for taxonomy of protozoa, recommended in 2012 that the term Unikont be changed to Amorphea because the name "Unikont" is based on a hypothesized synapomorphy that the ISOP authors and other scientists later rejected.

It includes amoebozoa, opisthokonts, and apusomonads.
Open Catalog Interface
Open Catalog Interface (OCI) is an open standard for a software interface developed by SAP for punch-out catalogs that connect buyers' procurement systems with suppliers' eCommerce systems. OCI is an alternative to cXML.

It is used by SAP Supplier Relationship Management, Microsoft Dynamics AX and other Enterprise resource planning and purchasing systems when connecting to external punch-out catalogs. In the open catalogue project Open Icecat, a separate OCI is defined for the exchange of multimedia data between multilingual product catalogs.

The OCI format is used to define the field mapping between the supplier's catalog and the SAP SRM shopping cart, to ensure that the data is transferred accurately and completely between source and receiver.

Interface (computing)
In computing, an interface is a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans, and combinations of these. Some computer hardware devices, such as a touchscreen, can both send and receive data through the interface, while others such as a mouse or microphone may only provide an interface to send data to a given system.
Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)
Alessandro Farnese (5 October 1520 – 2 March 1589) was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and a great collector and patron of the arts. Farnese was the grandson of Pope Paul III (who also bore the name Alessandro Farnese), and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, who was murdered in 1547. He should not be confused with his nephew, Alessandro Farnese, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, and the great-grandson of Pope Paul III.

Tre Fontane Abbey
Tre Fontane Abbey (English: Three Fountains Abbey;  Latin: Abbatia trium fontium ad Aquas Salvias), or the Abbey of Saints Vincent and Anastasius, is a Roman Catholic abbey in Rome, held by monks of the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance, better known as Trappists. It is known for raising the lambs whose wool is used to weave the pallia of new metropolitan archbishops. The pope blesses the lambs on the feast of Saint Agnes on January 21. The wool is prepared, and he gives the pallia to the new archbishops on the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, the Holy Apostles.
James Overstreet
James Overstreet (February 11, 1773 – May 24, 1822) was a U.S. representative from South Carolina.

Born near Barnwell Court House in the Barnwell District of the Province of South Carolina, Overstreet attended the common schools.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1798 and commenced practice in Barnwell District.
He served as member of the state house of representatives from 1808 to 1813.

Overstreet was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1819, until his death May 24, 1822, at China Grove, North Carolina, while en route to his home from Washington, D.C.
He was interred in Savitz Cemetery at Mount Zion Reformed Church, China Grove, North Carolina.

China Grove, North Carolina
China Grove is a town in Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,434 at the 2020 census.  The town is located just north of Landis and south of Salisbury. It was one of the first towns in the United States to have Rural Free Mail Delivery.

The town was named for a grove of chinaberry trees planted near the town's rail depot.
Callaly
Callaly is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is about 9 miles (14 km) to the west of Alnwick. The main A697 road (to Morpeth) is 3 miles (5 km) away. It is on the line of the Roman road linking the Roman forts of High Rochester to the west and Learchild to the east, where it joins the Devil's Causeway Roman road to the north. The parish includes the hamlets of Lorbottle and Yetlington.

Whittingham, Northumberland
Whittingham is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Aln, around 4.5 miles (7 km) east of its source at Alnham and 7.3 miles (12 km) west of Alnwick. The thirteenth/fourteenth century pele tower, Whittingham Tower, was converted into almshouses in 1845 and is now in private ownership.
Bat-and-ball games
Bat-and-ball games, or safe haven games, are field games played by two opposing teams. Typically, action starts when the fielding team (at the defense) delivers a ball toward a dedicated player of the batting team (at the attack), who tries to hit it with a bat and then run between various safe areas in the field to score runs (points). The defending team can use the ball in various ways against the attacking team's players to force them off the field ("get them out") when they are not in safe zones, and thus prevent them from further scoring. The best known modern bat-and-ball games are cricket and baseball, with common roots in the 18th-century games played in England.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.