hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Koło
Gmina Koło is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Koło, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 101.88 square kilometres (39.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,995.

Koło County
Koło County (Polish: powiat kolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Koło, which lies 119 kilometres (74 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Kłodawa, 21 km (13 mi) east of Koło, Dąbie, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Koło, and Przedecz, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Koło.

The county covers an area of 1,011.03 square kilometres (390.4 sq mi). As of 2010, its total population was 88,244, out of which the population of Koło was 23,034, that of Kłodawa was 6,829, that of Dąbie was 2,087, that of Przedecz was 1,771, and the rural population was 54,880.
Jill Clayburgh
Jill Clayburgh (April 30, 1944 – November 5, 2010) was an American actress known for her work in theater, television, and cinema. She received the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her breakthrough role in Paul Mazursky's comedy drama An Unmarried Woman (1978). She received a second consecutive Academy Award nomination for Starting Over (1979) as well as four Golden Globe nominations for her film performances, and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for her television work.

David Rabe
David William Rabe (born March 10, 1940) is an American playwright and screenwriter.  He won the Tony Award for Best Play in 1972 (Sticks and Bones) and also received Tony Award nominations for Best Play in 1974 (In the Boom Boom Room), 1977 (Streamers) and 1985 (Hurlyburly).
Nick Horvath
Nicholas Alexander Horvath (born February 18, 1981) is an American-New Zealand former professional basketball player who played the majority of his career in the New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL). In 2010, he became the first person to win an NCAA championship (2001), an ANBL championship (2009) and a NZNBL championship (2010).

New Zealand men's national basketball team
The New Zealand men's national basketball team (Māori: Te kapa poitūkohu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in international basketball competitions. The team is governed by Basketball New Zealand. The team's official nickname is the Tall Blacks (Māori: Pango Tāroaroa).

Over their history, New Zealand have won three FIBA Oceania Championships, made seven appearances at the FIBA World Cup and two at the Olympic Games. Since 2017, the team has made three appearances at the FIBA Asia Cup, with their best effort resulting in a bronze medal finish in 2022.
2015 Open Féminin de Marseille
The 2015 Open Féminin de Marseille was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the eighteenth edition of the tournament and part of the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money. It took place in Marseille, France, on 1–7 June 2015.

Open Féminin de Marseille
The Open Féminin de Marseille (previously known as Open GDF Suez de Marseille) was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event was classified as a $100,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament. It was held annually in Marseille, France, from 1997 to 2017 (with the exception of 1998). The name was changed from Open GDF Suez de Marseille to Open Féminin de Marseille in 2013.
37th New York State Legislature
The 37th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 25 to April 15, 1814, during the seventh year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.

Chenango County, New York
Chenango County is a county located in the south-central section of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,220. Its county seat is Norwich. The county's name originates from an Oneida word meaning 'large bull-thistle'. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
National Parking Platform
The National Parking Platform is a digital platform in the United Kingdom providing interoperability between car park operators, parking apps, and other service providers. It enables all parking apps that support the system: RingGo, JustPark, PayByPhone, Apcoa Connect, AppyParking, and Caura to work at all participating car parks. It has been rolled out in 13 local authorities so far. It was first developed by the Department for Transport starting in 2019, and since May 2025 is controlled by the British Parking Association on a not-for-profit basis.

Pay-by-phone parking
Pay-by-phone parking is a system of paying for car parking via a mobile app or mobile network operator. It is an alternative to the traditional ways to pay for parking of parking meter or pay and display machines. SMS pay-by-phone parking was first introduced by Vipnet. Since its introduction in Croatian capital Zagreb in 2001 under the name M-parking, the number of registered users has steadily increased. By 2004, the Croatian M-parking scheme was the largest in Europe (with over 130,000 users). Today, pay-by-phone parking is used by millions of people all around the world.
Khagraghat Road railway station
Khagraghat Road is a railway station on the Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop in Baharampur  city and is located in Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Khagraghat Road serves westside of Baharampur.It is classified as an NSG-4 category station under the jurisdiction of the Howrah Division in Eastern Railway.

Howrah railway division
Howrah Division is the oldest operational railway division under the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Serving as a major rail hub for Eastern India, its headquarters based in Howrah, West Bengal, and has historical and strategic importance for passenger and freight transport. It is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone. In 2025, the Howrah Division marked its 100th anniversary since it was officially established as a division. It covers the area more than 400 km which includes parts of Bihar and Jharkhand also. The division manages nearly 200 stations ranging from major terminals to smaller halts.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Malda railway division are the other railway divisions under ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
FF domain
FF domains are short protein domains of about 50 amino acids. The domain was discovered by multiple sequence alignments. FF domains have been found in various transcription factors, splicing proteins, and signaling proteins. FF domains and WW domains often occur together in proteins.

The structure of the FF domain in CA150 (TCERG1) was solved in 2009 with refinements in 2013.

FF domains are protein interaction domains and thus can mediate the interaction among different proteins, such as various splicing proteins in the spliceosome. For instance, the interaction of yeast splicing proteins Prp40 and Luc7 is mediated by FF domains.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
New Criminal Law Review
The New Criminal Law Review (ISSN 1933-4192) is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal published by University of California Press. It was established in 1997 as the Buffalo Criminal Law Review, but changed names in 2007 after the University of California Press took responsibility for publishing the journal. The New Criminal Law Review focuses on examinations of crime, philosophy of criminal law, and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts.

The New Criminal Law Review is ranked as the seventh best criminal law journal.

Theory of criminal justice
The theory of criminal justice is the branch of philosophy of law that deals with criminal justice and in particular punishment. The theory of criminal justice has deep connections to other areas of philosophy, such as political philosophy and ethics, as well as to criminal justice in practice.
Mike Conaway
Kenneth Michael Conaway (born June 11, 1948) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Texas's 11th congressional district from 2005 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district Conaway represented is located in West Texas and includes Midland, Odessa, San Angelo, Brownwood, and Granbury. Conaway led the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (with assistance from Trey Gowdy and Tom Rooney) after the Intelligence Committee chair, Devin Nunes, recused himself. Aside from serving as the chair of the House Ethics Committee, he served as the chair of the House Agriculture Committee, and later its ranking member. Conaway indicated in July 2019 that he would not be seeking reelection. Conaway was succeeded by fellow Republican August Pfluger.

Tom Rooney (Florida politician)
Thomas Joseph Rooney (born November 21, 1970) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Florida from 2009 to 2019. He represented Florida's 16th congressional district from 2009 to 2013 and Florida's 17th congressional district from 2013 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Rooney announced in February 2018 that he would retire from Congress and would not seek re-election in 2018.

He serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of the National Thoroughbred Racing Association.
Pareiorhaphis nasuta
Pareiorhaphis nasuta is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Doce River basin in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The type locality of the species is a small, shallow river with clear water, slow to moderate current, and a rocky substrate. It is also found in rapids, with larger individuals of the species occurring in faster-flowing areas. The species reaches 9.5 cm (3.7 inches) in standard length, is known to be sexually dimorphic, and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
1992 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1992 United States presidential election in Missouri was held on November 3, 1992, as part of the broader 1992 United States presidential election in all fifty states and the District of Columbia. Voters chose 11 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-president.

From 1904 to 2004, Missouri voted for the eventual winner of every presidential election except 1956. The state was won in 1992 by Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton (D) with 44.07 percent of the popular vote, over incumbent President George Herbert Walker Bush (R) with 33.92 percent of the popular vote — the smallest vote share for a Republican since 1860 when the party was not seriously contesting slave states outside of the Missouri Rhineland. Independent Ross Perot performed extremely well for a third-party candidate with 21.69 percent of the popular vote — the best third-party performance in Missouri since Constitutional Unionist John Bell in that same 1860 election.

1904 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1904 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1904. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Missouri voted for the Republican nominee, President Theodore Roosevelt, over the Democratic nominee, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker. Roosevelt won the state by a narrow margin of 3.91%.

With his victory, Roosevelt became the third Republican presidential candidate to win Missouri, but the first one since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868. In voting for the GOP, Missouri repositioned itself from being associated with the Solid South to being seen as a bellwether swing state throughout the twentieth century. From this election until 2008, Missouri only backed a losing presidential candidate once, in 1956.
Vladimirsky Uyezd
Vladimirsky Uyezd (Владимирский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Vladimir Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Vladimir.

Vladimir, Russia
Vladimir (Russian: Влади́мир, IPA: [vlɐ'dʲimʲɪr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 highway. Its population is 349,951 (2021 census).
2013 Sparkasse ATP Challenger
The 2013 Sparkasse ATP Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played in Ortisei, Italy between 4 and 10 November 2013 on indoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
2020 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 2020 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San José State University during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Spartans were led by fourth-year head coach Brent Brennan and played their home games at CEFCU Stadium and Sam Boyd Stadium as members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the regular season 6–0 in Mountain West play and defeated Boise State in the Mountain West championship game. This was the Spartans' first Mountain West championship win and 17th overall conference title. The championship victory also marked San Jose State's first win over Boise State in program history. In addition, this was their first bowl game since 2015 and first winning season since 2012.

Brent Brennan
Brent Munger Brennan (born March 20, 1973) is an American college football coach who is currently the head football coach at the University of Arizona. Brennan was the head football coach at San Jose State University from 2017 to 2023.

Prior to his head coaching positions, Brennan served as an assistant coach at Oregon State University, San Jose State University, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, the University of Arizona, University of Washington and the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Glossary of education terms (A–C)
This glossary of education-related terms is based on how they commonly are used in Wikipedia articles.  This article contains terms starting with A – C.  Select a letter from the table of contents to find terms on other articles.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Monteath Mausoleum
55°32′01″N 2°36′55″W﻿ / ﻿55.533635°N 2.615170°W﻿ / 55.533635; -2.615170

The Monteath Mausoleum is a large landmark in the Scottish Borders near the village of Ancrum. The listed building can be seen from the A68 road just north of Jedburgh. It was built in 1864 and renovated in 2018.

Jedburgh
Jedburgh (/ˈdʒɛdbərə/ JED-bər-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Deadard; Scots: Jeddart or Jethart) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders and the traditional county town of the historic county of Roxburghshire.
Shakujiidai
Shakujiidai (石神井台) is a neighborhood in Nerima Ward, Tokyo. The current administrative names go from Shakujiidai 1st Street to Shakujiidai 8th Street. The residential address system has been implemented.

Sekimachi-Kita
Sekimachi-Kita (関町北) is a neighborhood of Nerima Ward in Tokyo, Japan. The residential address system has been implemented since January 1, 1978, and the current administrative names go from Sekmachi-Kita 1st Street to 5th Street (丁目, chōme).

The Shakujii River runs through the middle of the neighborhood, along the Seibu Shinjuku Line. Musashi-Seki Station is in the center of the neighborhood, and there is a shōtengai on both the north and south exits. North of the station is Honryūji Temple, known for the traditional Seki-no-Boroichi flea market, which has been held every December since 1751, during the Edo period. Southwest of the station is Musashi-Seki Park, a ward-operated park known for its cherry blossoms in spring and rentable boats. To the south is Ōme-kaidō Avenue, a highway that exists since the Edo period. Several Japanese animation studios are also located in this neighborhood.
Polynesian Football Hall of Fame
The Polynesian Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in the sport of American football. It was established in 2013 by former National Football League (NFL) players Jesse Sapolu and Maa Tanuvasa. Board members include Troy Polamalu, Via Sikahema, June Jones, and Reno Mahe.

The hall is located at the Polynesian Cultural Center in Oahu, Hawaii.

Reno Mahe
Sateki Reno Mahe Jr. (born June 3, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for five seasons for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). Mahe played college football for the BYU Cougars, and was signed by the Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2003.
Evolutionary Studies Institute
The Evolutionary Studies Institute (ESI) is a paleontological, paleoanthropological and archeological research institute operated through the Faculty of Science of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Previously known as the  Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research (BPI) it was renamed the Evolutionary Studies Institute in 2013 to better showcase the scope of its research.

Paleoanthropology
Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology and anthropology which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).

The field draws from and combines primatology, paleontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. As technologies and methods advance, genetics plays an ever-increasing role, in particular to examine and compare DNA structure as a vital tool of research of the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.
1981 New Zealand floods
Between 11 and 16 April 1981, the Waikato experienced flooding due to high levels of rain and wind. It mostly affected the Thames-Coromandel area and Paeroa. Over 2,250 evacuations took place. Insurance payouts cost $7,000,000 (equivalent to $36,457,664 in 2024). Over 200 homes were flooded.

Worst areas affected by the flooding were around Paeroa, Thames, Waikino, Hikutaia, Wharepoa, Puriri and Matatoki. Between 7 and 10 thousand hectares of farmland were flooded between Paeroa and Thames. At the time, it was the worst flooding recorded in the Coromandel.

Thames-Coromandel District
The Thames-Coromandel District is a territorial authority district in the North Island of New Zealand, covering all the Coromandel Peninsula and extending south to Hikutaia.

It is administered by the Thames-Coromandel District Council, which has its seat in the town of Thames. It was the first district council to be formed in New Zealand, being constituted in 1975. The district lies within the Waikato Regional Council area. Its only land boundary is with Hauraki District.
2023–24 Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball team represented Niagara University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Purple Eagles, led by fifth-year head coach Greg Paulus, played their home games at the Gallagher Center in Lewiston, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). The Purple Eagles finished the season 16–16, 11–9 in MAAC play, to finish in sixth place. They defeated Siena in the first round of the MAAC tournament before losing to Marist in the quarterfinals.

2023–24 Siena Saints men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Siena Saints men's basketball team represented Siena College during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Saints, led by fifth-year head coach Carmen Maciariello, played their home games at MVP Arena in Albany, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC).
Birthplace of Beethoven's mother
The Birthplace of Beethoven's mother (German: Mutter-Beethoven-Haus) is a cultural heritage monument in Ehrenbreitstein, on the River Rhine opposite Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Maria Magdalena van Beethoven, mother of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, was born here in 1746; it is now a museum.

Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
Ehrenbreitstein Fortress (German: Festung Ehrenbreitstein, pronounced [ˌfɛstʊŋ eːʁənˈbʁaɪtʃtaɪn]), a fortress in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, stands on the east bank of the Rhine opposite the mouth of the Moselle, and overlooks the city of Koblenz.

Occupying the position of an earlier fortress destroyed by the French in 1801, it was built as the backbone of the regional fortification system, Festung Koblenz, by 
 Prussia between 1817 and 1828 and guarded the middle Rhine region, an area which French troops had repeatedly invaded before. The Prussian fortress was never attacked.

Since 2002, Ehrenbreitstein has formed part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Upper Middle Rhine Valley.