hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johan Burger
Johan Petrus Burger is a South African businessman and the Chairman of FirstRand. He succeeded Sizwe Nxasana who retired after nine years as CEO. Burger was previously the company's CFO. He graduated from the University of Johannesburg.

Chief financial officer
A chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization who is assigned the primary responsibility for making decisions for the company for projects and its finances; i.a.: financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financial reporting, and, increasingly, the analysis of data.
The CFO thus has ultimate authority over the finance unit and is the chief financial spokesperson for the organization.

The CFO typically reports to the chief executive officer (CEO) and the board of directors and may additionally have a seat on the board. The CFO directly assists the chief operating officer (COO) on all business matters relating to budget management, cost–benefit analysis, forecasting needs, and securing of new funding. Some CFOs have the title CFOO for chief financial and operating officer. In most countries, finance directors (FD) typically report into the CFO, and FD is the level before reaching CFO.
Shastradipika
The Shastradipika (Sanskrit: शास्त्रदीपिका; IAST: Śāstradīpikā) is an essay (nibandha) written by Pārthasārathi Miśra in the 11th century on the Purva Mimamsa Sutras, based on Vārtikas of Kumārila Bhaṭṭa.

Vārttikakāra
A vārttikakāra (Sanskrit: वार्त्तिककार, IPA: [ʋaːɽttɪkɐkaːɽɐ], Commentator), in Indian linguistics and philosophy, is a person who wrote a critical commentary or a gloss on a given grammatical or philosophical work.

Monier Williams Dictionary defines Vārttikakāra as a composer of vārttikas. A vārttika is defined as a single remark or a whole work attempting to present a detailed commentary. The word vārttik- derives from vṛtti, either in the sense of 'the turning (vṛt) of sūtra-formulation into a fully worded paraphrase' or, in the sense of 'procedure (of the teaching)'.  According to the Indian tradition, the purpose of a vārttika is to enquire into what has been said (ukta), what has not been said (anukta), and what has not been said clearly (durukta).
Wielert's
Wielert's, built in 1873, was once a famous beer garden in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. OTR Predevelopment, a subsidiary of 3cdc bought this property along with others on Vine St. on July 30, 2010. (Hamilton County Auditor)

In March 2022, a new restaurant named Alcove, run by the operators of MadTree Brewing, opened in the former Wielert's building.

Over-the-Rhine
Over-the-Rhine, often abbreviated as OTR, is a residential neighborhood located in the urban basin of Cincinnati, Ohio. Over-the-Rhine is among the largest, most intact urban historic districts in the United States. Originally settled by Ohio Rhinelanders (German: Ohio Rheinländer), the neighborhood became home to significant African-American and Appalachian populations during the mid-20th century. It is home to several of Cincinnati's most famous landmarks, including Music Hall and Findlay Market.
Civil Position
Civil Position or Civic Position (Ukrainian: Громадянська позиція, romanized: Hromadianska pozytsiia) is a political party in Ukraine registered in March 2005. It is led by former Minister of Defence Anatoliy Hrytsenko.

2010 Ukrainian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 17 January 2010. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a run-off election was held between Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko and opposition leader Viktor Yanukovych on 7 February.

On 14 February, Yanukovych was declared President-elect and winner with 50% of the popular vote. According to Article 104 of Ukraine's Constitution, the president had to be sworn into office within 30 days of the official declaration of the results. Parliament subsequently scheduled Yanukovych's inauguration for 25 February.

On 17 February, the Supreme Administrative Court of Ukraine suspended the results following an appeal by Tymoshenko. The court suspended the Central Election Commission's ruling that had declared Yanukovych as the winner of the election, but did not postpone or cancel his inauguration. On 20 February, Tymoshenko withdrew her appeal.
Memory management controller
Multi-memory controllers or memory management controllers (MMC) are different kinds of special chips designed by various video game developers for use in Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) cartridges. These chips extend the capabilities of the original console and make it possible to create NES games with features the original console cannot offer alone. The basic NES hardware supports only 40KB of ROM total, up to 32KB PRG and 8KB CHR, thus only a single tile and sprite table are possible. This limit was rapidly reached within the Famicom's first two years on the market and game developers began requesting a way to expand the console's capabilities.

In the emulation and Homebrew community, these chips are also known as mappers.

Frequency modulation synthesis
Frequency modulation synthesis (or FM synthesis) is a form of sound synthesis whereby the frequency of a waveform is changed by modulating its frequency with a modulator. The (instantaneous) frequency of an oscillator is altered in accordance with the amplitude of a modulating signal.

FM synthesis can create both harmonic and inharmonic sounds. To synthesize harmonic sounds, the modulating signal must have a harmonic relationship to the original carrier signal. As the amount of frequency modulation increases, the sound grows progressively complex. Through the use of modulators with frequencies that are non-integer multiples of the carrier signal (i.e. inharmonic), inharmonic bell-like and percussive spectra can be created.

FM synthesis using analog oscillators may result in pitch instability. However, FM synthesis can also be implemented digitally, which is more stable and became standard practice.
Pie-IX BRT
The Pie-IX BRT is a bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor on Pie-IX Boulevard in Montreal between Saint Catherine Street in Hochelaga-Maisonneuve and Saint Martin in Laval. After four years of construction, the majority of Pie-IX BRT stations opened in November 2022, with the remaining opening in 2023. It is currently served by the 439 route.

Historically, an express bus service was available on Pie-IX Boulevard between 1990 and 2002 by the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM), until the system was abandoned due to safety concerns following deaths of pedestrians.

Bus priority signal
Bus priority or transit signal priority (TSP) is a name for various techniques to improve service and reduce delay for mass transit vehicles at intersections (or junctions) controlled by  traffic signals. TSP techniques are most commonly associated with buses, but can also be used along tram/streetcar or light rail lines, especially those that mix with or conflict with general vehicular traffic.
Unlink (Unix)
In Unix-like operating systems, unlink is a system call and a command line utility to delete files. The program directly interfaces the system call, which removes the file name and (but not on GNU systems) directories like rm and rmdir. If the file name was the last hard link to the file, the file itself is deleted as soon as no program has it open.

Unlike the rm utility, the unlink utility only accepts one argument, which can be desirable to guard against accidental multi-deletions.

It also appears in the PHP, Node.js, R, Perl and Python standard libraries in the form of the unlink() built-in function. Like the Unix utility, it is also used to delete files.

System call
In computing, a system call (syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed. This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive or accessing the device's camera), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling.  System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.

In most systems, system calls can only be made from userspace processes, while in some systems, OS/360 and successors for example, privileged system code also issues system calls.

For embedded systems, system calls typically do not change the privilege mode of the CPU.
R610 road (Ireland)
The R610 road is a regional road in Ireland, located in County Cork and Cork City, beginning at a junction with the N28 and terminating on Parnell Place and Grand Parade in the city centre (N8 and N22 junctions respectively). The road connects Monkstown, Passage West and Glenbrook in County Cork with Rochestown, Douglas and the city centre in Cork City.

N8 road (Ireland)
The N8 road is a national primary road in Ireland, connecting Cork with Dublin via the M7.  The N8 is further classified by the United Nations as the entirety of the (partially signed) European route E 201 (formerly E200), part of the trans-Europe International E-road network. The road is motorway standard from junction 19 on the M7 to the Dunkettle interchange in Cork City and is designated as the M8 motorway. From here the route continues into Cork city centre and terminates at the N22 road at St. Patrick's Street. The M8 motorway was completed in May 2010, replacing the single carriageway sections of the old N8 and bypassing towns on the main Cork to Dublin road. It is now possible to travel from Cork to Dublin on the M/N8 in about 2 hours 30 minutes. The route commences just south of Portlaoise, and reaches Cork via the midlands and the Golden Vale, through counties Laois, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Limerick and Cork.
KelTec RFB
The KelTec RFB (Rifle, Forward-ejection, Bullpup) is a gas-operated bullpup type semi-automatic rifle, manufactured by KelTec Industries of Florida. At the 2008 SHOT Show held from February 2 to 5 in Las Vegas, Nevada it was declared by KelTec representatives that the RFB rifle would be made available to the public by the 4th quarter of 2008. Later, the KelTec website stated that the 18 in (460 mm) barrel carbine variant would not be shipping until February 2009 due to a change in the production process intended as preventive measures against potential gun control legislation. The rifle first shipped to distributors in the first week of March 2009 and was first seen at the 2007 SHOT Show.

SHOT Show
The SHOT Show, which is an acronym for "Shooting, Hunting, and Outdoor Trade Show", is an American annual trade show for the shooting sports, hunting, outdoor recreation, and firearm manufacturing industries. The show is sponsored by the National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF).

The first ever SHOT Show was held in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1979. It used to rotate between Las Vegas, Nevada; Orlando, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana, and several other U.S. cities, although since 2010 it has taken place only in Las Vegas at the Sands Expo (renamed the Venetian Expo in September 2021), and is contracted to remain there through 2027. It attracted over 60,000 attendees to its 630,000 square feet (59,000 m2) of exhibition space in Las Vegas. It is among the top 25 trade shows in the US.
Outline of sailing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sailing:

Sailing – the use of wind to provide the primary power via sail(s) or wing to propel a craft over water, ice or land. A sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails by adjusting their angle with respect to the moving sailing craft and sometimes by adjusting the sail area.

Spanker (sail)
On a square rigged ship, the spanker is a gaff-rigged fore-and-aft sail set from, and aft of, the aftmost mast. Spankers are also called driver, jigger, and pusher sail.

On a schooner of four or more masts, the spanker is the sail on the mast nearest the stern.

The spanker is a small sail, but as it is so far aft of the balance point of the hull, it has strong leverage. When sheeted in, the spanker is important in driving the boat to a new tack.
Diedrichshagener Berg
The Diedrichshagener Berg, at 129.8 metres, is the highest point on the forested ridge of Kühlung in the northeast German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

It is located in the district of Rostock only roughly southeast of the Bay of Mecklenburg, south of the Baltic Sea coast, and immediately south of Kühlungsborn and roughly west of Bad Doberan.

View looking towards Kröpelin

On the Diedrichshagener Berg

Rostock (district)
Rostock (German: Landkreis Rostock) is a district in the north of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the district Nordwestmecklenburg, the Baltic Sea, the district-free city Rostock and the districts Vorpommern-Rügen, Mecklenburgische Seenplatte and Ludwigslust-Parchim. The district seat is the town Güstrow.
Evangeline
Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847. The poem follows an Acadian girl named Evangeline and her search for her lost love Gabriel during the expulsion of the Acadians (1755–1764).

The idea for the poem came from Longfellow's friend Nathaniel Hawthorne. Longfellow used dactylic hexameter, imitating Greek and Latin classics. Though the choice was criticized, it became Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and remains one of his most popular and enduring works.

The poem had a powerful effect in defining both Acadian history and identity in the 19th and 20th centuries. It represents lost loved ones and heartbreak but also keeping hope. While Longfellow was a poet, not a historian, 21st-century scholarship has included those who chose to expound their view that Longfellow's work fails as a scientific historical document.

St. Martinville, Louisiana
St. Martinville (French: Saint-Martin) is a city in and the parish seat of St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies on Bayou Teche, 13 miles (21 km) south of Breaux Bridge, 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Lafayette, and 9 miles (14 km) north of New Iberia. The population was 6,114 at the 2010 U.S. census, and 5,379 at the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Lafayette metropolitan statistical area.
Tower Hobbies
Tower Hobbies is an American e-commerce hobby product retailer founded in 1971 by Bruce Holecek, a radio control (RC) model hobby enthusiast. Tower Hobbies is a division of Horizon Hobby, LLC and is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois, United States. The company serves customers in more than 50 countries.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Artificial Life (journal)
Artificial Life is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers artificial life, the study of man-made systems that exhibit the behavioral characteristics of natural living systems. Its articles cover system synthesis in software, hardware, and wetware. Artificial Life was established in 1993 and is the official journal of the International Society of Artificial Life. It is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press.

Artificial life
Artificial Life, also referred to as ALife or A-Life, is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986. In 1987, Langton organized the first conference on the field, in Los Alamos, New Mexico. There are three main kinds of artificial life, named for their approaches: soft, from software; hard, from hardware; and wet, from biochemistry. Artificial life researchers study traditional biology by trying to replicate aspects of biological phenomena.
Wari Thana
Wari (Bengali: ওয়ারী) is an upscale historical neighbourhood and a thana (police jurisdiction) in Dhaka District in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Located in the Old Dhaka quarter, it is the first planned neighbourhood in Dhaka city, established in the late 19th century. The area is home to the Baldha Garden, one of the oldest botanical gardens established in this part of Bengal.

Baldha Garden
Baldha Garden is a botanical garden which spans 3.15 acres (1.27 ha) of land located at Wari in the old part of the city of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It has a collection of 672 species of plants.
The Baldha Garden is now managed as a satellite unit of the National Botanical Garden by the Department of Forestry.

Baldha Garden is one of the oldest botanical gardens in Bangladesh. The garden is enriched with rare plant species collected from different parts of the world.

Visitors expressed dismay in July 2024, over a fivefold increase in entry fee to the garden.
Synemon selene
Synemon selene, the pale sun-moth,  is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in Australia, including Victoria and South Australia.

The wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 47 mm for females.

Adults have been recorded from early February to early March.

The larvae probably feed on the roots of Austrodanthonia setacea.

Castniidae
Castniidae, or castniid moths, is a small family of moths with fewer than 200 species: The majority are Neotropical with some in Australia and a few in south-east Asia. These are medium-sized to very large moths, usually with drab, cryptically marked forewings and brightly coloured hindwings. They have clubbed antennae and are day flying, and are often mistaken for butterflies. Indeed, some previous classification systems placed this family within the butterflies or skippers. The Neotropical species are commonly known as giant butterfly-moths, the Australian and Asian species as sun moths. The larvae are internal feeders, often on roots of epiphytes or on monocotyledons.
Whipple's disease
Whipple's disease is a rare systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. First described by George Hoyt Whipple in 1907 and commonly considered as a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes malabsorption, but may affect any part of the human body, including the heart, brain, joints, skin, lungs and the eyes. Weight loss, diarrhea, joint pain, and arthritis are common presenting symptoms, but the presentation can be highly variable in certain individuals, and about 15% of patients do not have the standard signs and symptoms.

Whipple's disease is significantly more common in men, with 87% of patients diagnosed being male. When recognized and treated, Whipple's disease can usually be cured with long-term antibiotic therapy, but if the disease is left undiagnosed or untreated, it can ultimately be fatal.

Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In mammals, it may be the principal site for iron absorption.
The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine.

In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 centimetres (10–15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine. It begins with the duodenal bulb, and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure marked by the  suspensory muscle of duodenum. The duodenum can be divided into four parts: the first (superior), the second (descending), the third (transverse) and the fourth (ascending) parts.
HD 136164
HD 136164, also known as HIP 75056, is a binary star system in the constellation Lupus. At an apparent magnitude of +7.76, it is far too faint to be visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements give a distance of 398 light-years (121.9 parsecs). The primary is orbited by a brown dwarf.

Lupus (constellation)
Lupus is a constellation of the mid-Southern Sky. Its name is Latin for wolf. Lupus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations but was mostly considered an asterism associated with the nearby constellation Centaurus.
John Fitzgerald (pentathlete)
John David Fitzgerald (Born July 16, 1948 in Wilmette, Illinois, Chicago) is an American modern pentathlete who represented the United States at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics. He also qualified for the 1980 U.S. Olympic team but was not able to compete due to the U.S. Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia. He was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal many years later.

From 1962 to 1966, Fitzgerald was a star swimmer at Loyola Academy in Wilmette, Illinois.  In 1973, 1974, and 1980, he won the United States National Championship in the Pentathlon, and in 1971 and 1973 he won the National Championship in the Triathlon.

He is a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Anthony Godby Johnson
Anthony Godby Johnson is the subject and supposed author of the 1993 memoir A Rock and a Hard Place: One Boy's Triumphant Story. Subsequent investigations suggest that Johnson may have been the literary creation of Vicki Johnson, who purported to be Johnson's adoptive mother.

He was a 14-year-old who was dying of syphilis and AIDS, with an amputated leg, and 54 broken bones, caused by the abuse of his biological parents, and others.

Johnson's dramatic story was part of a 1997 ABC special "About Us: The Dignity of Children", an Emmy-nominated show about the resilience of children, hosted by Oprah Winfrey. Johnson was played by an actor, but his own voice narrated his story.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.