hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
Malta was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Loop" performed by Sarah Bonnici. The Maltese participating broadcaster, Public Broadcasting Services (PBS), selected its entry for the contest through the national final Malta Eurovision Song Contest 2024.

Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005
Malta was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Angel" written and performed by Chiara. The Maltese participating broadcaster, Public Broadcasting Services (PBS), selected its entry for the contest through the national final Malta Song for Europe 2005. The competition consisted of a final, held on 19 February 2005, where "Angel" performed by Chiara eventually emerged as the winning entry after gaining the most votes from a public televote with 11,935 votes. Chiara had already represented Malta in 1998.

As one of the ten highest placed finishers in 2004, Malta automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing during the show in position 3, Malta placed second out of the 24 participating countries with 192 points.
Great Northern class M-1
The Great Northern Railway M-1 was a class of American 2-6-8-0 locomotives introduced in 1910. A total of 35 of these Mallet locomotives were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works for Great Northern Railway (GN) in two batches; the first 10 in December 1909 and a further 25 in June to August 1910. These engines were unusual because of their uneven driving wheel sets, the front having six driving wheels while the rear had eight.

All M-1's were converted from compound to simple-expansion cylinders from 1926 to 1927 and reclassified M-2. 22 M-2's were dismantled between 1929 and 1931, with parts being recycled for the new class O-7 Mikados numbered 3376-3396 in 1930. Three O7 Mikados were rebuilt to O8 Mikados numbered 3397-3399 in 1932. The 13 unrebuilt M-2's lasted until dieselisation and were sold for scrap between 1949 and 1954. No examples were preserved in any form.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Upper Kolyma Highlands
The Upper Kolyma Highlands (Russian: Верхнеколымское нагорье, romanized: Verkhnekolymskoye Nagorye) is a highland area in Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The biggest town in the highlands is Susuman.

There are large deposits of gold, tin and rare metals in the Upper Kolyma Highlands. The area is relatively less desolate than other mountainous zones of Northeastern Siberia, such as the Yukaghir Highlands or the Nera Plateau. However, some of the mining operations were deemed unprofitable following the collapse of the USSR and certain settlements of the Susumansky District lost population. Only a residual population remains in Shiroky, Kholodny and Bolshevik. Other places such as Belichan and Kadykchan have become ghost towns.

The R504 Kolyma Highway crosses the southern part of the highlands.

Yukaghir Highlands
The Yukaghir Highlands (Russian: Юкагирское нагорье) are a mountainous area in the Sakha Republic and Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

The area is named after the Yukaghir people.
Bates method
The Bates method is an ineffective and potentially dangerous alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight. Eye-care physician William Horatio Bates (1860–1931) held the erroneous belief that the extraocular muscles produced changes in focus and that "mental strain" caused abnormal action of these muscles; hence he believed that relieving such "strain" would cure  defective vision. In 1952, optometry professor Elwin Marg wrote of Bates, "Most of his claims and almost all of his theories have been considered false by practically all visual scientists."

No type of training has been shown to change the refractive power of the eye. Moreover, certain aspects of the Bates method can put its followers at risk: They may damage their eyes through overexposure to sunlight, not wear their corrective lenses when they need them (e.g., while driving), or neglect conventional eye care, possibly allowing serious conditions to develop.

Snellen chart
A Snellen chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity. Snellen charts are named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen who developed the chart in 1862 as a measurement tool for the acuity formula developed by his professor Franciscus Cornelius Donders. Many ophthalmologists and vision scientists now use an improved chart known as the LogMAR chart.
Melba Gully State Park
The Melba Gully State Park was formed to protect a small pocket of temperate rainforest in the Otway Ranges near Apollo Bay, Victoria, Australia. The 48-hectare (120-acre) park is extremely valuable as one of the few pockets of natural old-growth Otway Ranges rainforests to survive the logging and subsequent fires, making it a crucial resource for the efforts to regenerate the original Otway Ranges rainforests. The park now forms part of the Great Otway National Park.

The gully has a dense cover of myrtle beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii), blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) and tree-ferns, with an understorey of low ferns and mosses. Glow worms (Arachnocampa otwayensis), which are the bioluminescent larvae of small flies known as fungus gnats, can be seen at night along the stream banks and walking tracks.

The park has few facilities due to its small size, but it has a picnic ground and basic picnic facilities, with the main attraction being the 35 minute Madsens Track Nature Walk.

Apollo Bay
Apollo Bay is a coastal town in southwestern Victoria, Australia. It is situated on the eastern side of Cape Otway, along the edge of the Barham River and on the Great Ocean Road, in the Colac Otway Shire. The town had a population of 1,790 at the 2021 census.

It is a major tourist destination in Victoria. It is host to the annual Apollo Bay Seafood Festival, Winter Wild and the Great Ocean Road Running Festival.

In winter to spring, southern right whales come to the area mainly to breed, bear their calves, and  raise them in the warmer, calm waters of South Australia during their migration season. Less frequently, humpback whales can be seen off the coast.
1995–96 Munster Rugby season
The 1995–96 season was Munster Rugby's first season under professionalism. Jerry Holland was head coach. They finished third in the IRFU Interprovincial Championship, winning two and losing two, and second in their pool in the inaugural Heineken Cup, winning one and losing one.

IRFU Interprovincial Championship
The IRFU Interprovincial Championship was a rugby union competition between the four provinces of Ireland – Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connacht – and, for a brief period the Irish Exiles, run by the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Waryong Park
Waryong Park (Korean: 와룡공원; Hanja: 臥龍公園) is a park in Myeongnyun-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It was founded in 1984. It is adjacent to the mountain Bugaksan. The park is so named because it resembles a dragon (용/룡; yong/ryong) laying down.

The park was renovated in 2023, with safety railing and additional flora installed in the park.

Jongno District
Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.
2019 European Championship (darts)
The 2019 Unibet European Championship was the twelfth edition of the Professional Darts Corporation's European Championship tournament, which saw the top players from the thirteen European tour events compete against each other. The tournament took place from 24–27 October 2019 at the Lokhalle in Göttingen, Germany.

James Wade was the defending champion, after beating Simon Whitlock 11–8 in the 2018 final. However, he was beaten 6–0 by Jonny Clayton in the first round. Clayton posted the 6th highest average in the tournament's history in the process.

Rob Cross won his third major title with an 11–6 win over Gerwyn Price in the final.

European Championship (darts)
The European Championship is a PDC darts tournament which was created to allow the top European players to compete with the highest ranked players from the PDC Order of Merit. Since 2016, the tournament has taken place at the end of October, and features the top 32 players on the PDC European Tour Order of Merit.
Jean Marc Ndjofang
Jean Marc Ndjofang (born 15 March 1976 in Ebolowa) is a Cameroonian draughts player, resident since 2002 in the Netherlands. He was African champion in 2000 and 2010. In 2011 at the Draughts World Championship he took  third place. In 2013 he placed second at the Draughts World Championship. In 2015 he played the World Draughts Championship match with Alexander Georgiev from Russia.

In 2017 Jean Marc Ndjofang became World Draughts Championship blitz.

Alexander Georgiev
Alexander Sergeyevich Georgiev (Russian: Александр Серге́евич Георгиев; born 17 July 1975) is a Russian draughts player. He won the world championship in international draughts in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2011, 2013 (two time), 2015 (two time), 2019. In 2018 he was second at the world championship in Frisian draughts. Russian national champion (13 times).
Dol, Krško
Dol (pronounced [ˈdoːu̯]) is a small settlement in the hills south of Podbočje in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Podbočje
Podbočje (pronounced [pɔdˈbóːtʃjɛ]; German: Heiligenkreuz) is a village on the right bank of the Krka River in the foothills of the Gorjanci range in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
Ernst von Glasersfeld
Ernst von Glasersfeld (March 8, 1917, Munich – November 12, 2010, Leverett, Franklin County, Massachusetts) was a German philosopher, and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Georgia, research associate at the Scientific Reasoning Research Institute, and adjunct professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He was a member of the board of trustees of the American Society for Cybernetics, from which he received the McCulloch Memorial Award in 1991. He was a member of the scientific board of the Instituto Piaget, Lisbon. Glasersfeld is known for the development of radical constructivism.

University of Innsbruck
The University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669.

It is the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol, and the third largest in Austria behind the University of Vienna and the University of Graz. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the physics department.
Francis Marsh
Francis Marsh (23 October 1626 – 16 November 1693) was Archbishop of Dublin from 1682 to 1693.

He was admitted to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in April 1642 as the son of Henry Marsh esq. of Edgeworth, Gloucestershire.
He had previously been Dean of Connor (1660–1661), Dean of Armagh (1661–1667), Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe and Kilmore and Ardagh. He married Mary, the daughter of Bishop Jeremy Taylor. Their son Jeremiah Marsh was the Dean of Kilmore.
From his father-in-law, Jeremy Taylor, he inherited a silver watch, said to have been a gift from Charles I. This watch remained in the family of his great-grandson, Francis Marsh, barrister-at-law.

Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)
The Archbishop of Dublin is a senior bishop in the Church of Ireland, second only to the Archbishop of Armagh. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the metropolitan bishop of the Province of Dublin, which covers the southern half of Ireland, and he is styled Primate of Ireland (the Archbishop of Armagh is the "Primate of All Ireland").

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in Christ Church Cathedral in central Dublin. The incumbent, from 11 May 2011, is Michael Jackson who signs as +Michael DUBLIN.
WS-23
WS-23 (methyl diisopropyl propionamide, 2-isopropyl-N,2,3-trimethylbutanamide) is a chemical compound which acts as an activator (opener) of the so-called "menthol receptor", the TRPM8 calcium channel, though with relatively low affinity and it may also act at other targets. It produces a similar cooling effect to menthol, and is commonly used as an ingredient of vape liquid for e-cigarettes.

Menthol
Menthol is a monoterpenoid organic compound that occurs naturally in the oils of certain plants in the mint family, such as corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration.

For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.

Menthol has been demonstrated to cause a subjective nasal decongestant effect without any objective decongestant action, and administration of menthol via a nasal inhaler in humans has also been shown to cause nasal decongestion.
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Europe)
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak has depicted Europe and related subjects extensively. The leak, which began on 28 November 2010, occurred when the website of WikiLeaks—an international new media non-profit organisation that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and news leaks—started to publish classified documents of detailed correspondence—diplomatic cables—between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world.

Murphy Report
The Murphy Report is the brief name of the report of a Commission of investigation conducted by the Irish government into the sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Dublin. It was released in 2009 by Judge Yvonne Murphy, only a few months after the publication of the report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (the Ryan Report) chaired by Sean Ryan, a similar inquiry which dealt with abuses in industrial schools controlled by Roman Catholic religious institutes.
Emin County
Emin County (Chinese: 额敏县) also known as Dörbiljin County (Uyghur: دۆربىلجىن ناھىيىسى; Kazakh: ءدوربىلجىن اۋدانى), is a county situated in the north of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Tacheng Prefecture, bordering Kazakhstan's districts of Tarbagatay and Zaysan. It has an area of 9,092 km2 (3,510 sq mi) with a population of 200,000. The local postal code is 834600.

Geographically, the county is located on the southern slopes of the Tarbagatai Mountains and in the Emin Valley. The main watercourse is the Emin (Emil) River.

Tacheng Prefecture
Tacheng Prefecture, also known as Tarbagatay Prefecture, is located in northern Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. It has an area of 98,824 km2 (38,156 sq mi) and a population of 992,444 (2020). It is a part of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. The prefecture level city of Karamay forms a separate enclave in the middle of Tacheng.
Junzhuang
Junzhuang Town (Chinese: 军庄镇; pinyin: Jūnzhuāng Zhèn) is a town on northeastern Mentougou District, Beijing, China. It is located on the south of Sujiatuo and Wenquan Towns, west of Xiangshan Subdistrict, north of Wulituo Subdistrict and Longquan Town, and East of Miaofengshan Town. In the year 2020, its population was 16,128.

The town took its name Junzhuang (Chinese: 军庄; lit. 'Military Villa') due to the fact that historically this region was frequently used as a station for military personnels.

Sujiatuo
Sujiatuo Town (Chinese: 苏家坨镇; pinyin: Sūjiātuó Zhèn) is a town on the northwestern corner of Haidian District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Yangfang Town to the north, Shangzhuang and Xibeiwang Town to the east, Wenquan and Juanzhuang Towns to the south, Miaofengshan and Liucun Towns to the west. It had a population of 78,235 in the year 2020.

During the Yuan dynasty this region was called Sujiakou Village, and the name was later changed to Sujiatuo (Chinese: 苏家坨; lit. 'Su Family's Mound') for a lump of soil on the north of the village.
Operation Herrick aerial order of battle
This is the Operation Herrick aerial order of battle, which lists any aerial or airfield protection units of the British armed forces that have taken part in the duration of Operation Herrick between 2002 and 2014.

No. 34 Squadron RAF Regiment
No. 34 Squadron RAF Regiment is a C-UAS squadron of the RAF Regiment in the Royal Air Force. Its mission is to detect, track, and ultimately disrupt and destroy unmanned airborne vehicles. The squadron's current HQ is at RAF Leeming. The motto of the squadron is "Feu de Fer "(Fire from Iron).
Valiha diffusa
Valiha diffusa is a bamboo species in the genus Valiha found in Madagascar.

Valiha diffusa is a locally useful wild source of construction material. The Madagascan valiha is a stringed tube zither traditionally made from the bamboo.

Valiha (plant)
Valiha is a bamboo genus in the tribe Bambuseae found in Madagascar. The genus is named after a musical instrument, the valiha, which was formerly constructed from the culms of this plant. It may have come from Proto-Austronesian *balija or *baliga referring to Dendrocalamus strictus used to make cutting blades and beaters due to its hard properties – the beater tool also called a belira or balila in many related Austronesian languages – later transferred to newly discovered Malagasy bamboos.
Sheriff of Selkirk
The Sheriff of Selkirk was historically a royal official responsible for enforcing justice in Selkirk, Scotland. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

Following mergers of the Scottish sheriffdoms in 1868 the position became the Sheriff of Roxburgh and Selkirk.

Selkirk, Scottish Borders
Selkirk (Scottish Gaelic: Salcraig) is a town and historic royal burgh in the Scottish Borders council district of southeastern Scotland. It lies on the Ettrick Water, a tributary of the River Tweed. The people of the town are known as Souters, which means cobblers (shoe makers and menders). At the time of the 2011 census, Selkirk's population was 5,784.
Panathinaikos Athletics
The athletics department of Panathinaikos A.O. was founded in 1919 by the football players of the team. Amongst its first athletes were Giorgos Kalafatis, Apostolos Nikolaidis, Loukas Panourgias and Michalis Papazoglou. It is the second oldest department of the club operating continuously since its foundation, only behind the football department.

In the 1928 Summer Olympics the athlete of the team, Antonis Kariofilis, became the first Greek to open the parade of nations.

After World War II, a strong team was created with Giannis Lambrou, Rigas Efstathiadis, Antonis Tritsis and others. In the 1960s the great pole vaulter Christos Papanikolaou also joined the team.

Through the next decades Panathinaikos won many Championships, in both men and women, becoming one of the strongest teams in the country. The men's team were Greek champions for 20 seasons in a row from 1955 to 1974, a record for Greek athletics until present day.

Giorgos Kalafatis
Giorgos Kalafatis (Greek: Γιώργος Καλαφάτης; 17 March 1890 – 19 February 1964) was a Greek football pioneer, player, coach, track and field athlete and the founder of Panathinaikos Athens multi-sports club.
Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad
The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad (reporting mark BPRR) is a Class II railroad operating in New York and Pennsylvania.

The BPRR is owned by Genesee & Wyoming. Its main line runs between Buffalo, New York, and Eidenau, Pennsylvania, north of Pittsburgh. Here, connections are made to the city center via the Allegheny Valley Railroad. The system runs largely on former Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) lines. The entire BPRR system is 659 miles (1,061 km).

Major commodities carried include paper, petroleum products, chemicals, coal, steel, and sand.

Allison Park, Pennsylvania
Allison Park is a census-designated place in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a suburb of Pittsburgh and is located within Hampton, McCandless, Shaler, Indiana and West Deer townships. It had a population of 21,864 at the 2020 census.  The ZIP Code for Allison Park is 15101.
Lasse Vibe
Lasse Vibe (born 22 February 1987) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a forward or winger. After beginning his career in his native Denmark, he came to prominence in Sweden with IFK Göteborg and has also played in England and China. Vibe was a Denmark international and captained the 2016 Denmark Olympic team.

2014–15 Svenska Cupen
The 2014–15 Svenska Cupen was the 59th season of Svenska Cupen and the third season with the current format. The winners of the competition earned a place in the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League. If they had already qualified for European competition, in which case the qualification spot will go to fourth placed team of the 2014 Allsvenskan.

A total of 96 clubs entered the competition. IF Elfsborg are the defending champions, having beaten Helsingborgs IF 1–0 in last season's final. The final was played on 17 May 2015. The final venue will be selected through a draw between the two finalists. This is a return to a format that was used between 2007 and 2011.

IFK Göteborg won their seventh Svenska Cupen title on 17 May 2015 after defeating Örebro SK 2–1.
Kankalaba Department
Kankalaba  is a department or commune of Léraba Province in south-western  Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in west Africa. Its capital lies at the town of Kankalaba. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 12,592.

Departments of Burkina Faso
The provinces of Burkina Faso are divided into 351 departments (as of 2014 and since local elections of 2012), whose urbanized areas (cities, towns and villages) are grouped into the same commune (municipality) with the same name as the department. The department also covers rural areas (including national natural parks) that are not governed locally by the elected municipal council of the commune (presided by its mayor, with representants elected for each village or urban sector), but by the state represented at departmental level by a prefect (supervized by the haut-commissaire of its province, themself assisted by a general secretary and acting under the hierarchic authority the governor of its region, all of them being nominated by the national government).