hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bolton (CDP), Vermont
Bolton is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bolton, Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The village is in eastern Chittenden County, on the north side of the valley of the Winooski River as it cuts through the center of the Green Mountains. The village is located along U.S. Route 2, which leads east 7 miles (11 km) to Waterbury and west 6 miles (10 km) to Richmond. Interstate 89 forms the northern edge of the community; the nearest access is from Exit 10 at Waterbury or Exit 11 at Richmond.

Waterbury (CDP), Vermont
Waterbury is an unincorporated village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Waterbury, Washington County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,897 at the 2020 census. The former village of Waterbury was dissolved in 2017, and its governmental functions were merged with the town of Waterbury.
2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 57th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top-level of professional football in Brazil. Fluminense came in as the defending champions, having won the title in the 2012 season. On 13 November 2013, Cruzeiro won the title for the club's third time.

For the first time since the league adopted the 20-team, double round-robin format, all four teams promoted from Série B survived.

2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (known as the Brasileirão Petrobras 2012 for sponsorship reasons) was the 56th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top-level of professional football in Brazil. Corinthians come in as the defending champions having won the title in the 2011 season.
On 11 November 2012, Fluminense won the title for the fourth time.
Château de Diant
The Château de Diant is a castle in the commune of Diant in the Seine-et-Marne département of France.

The castle was originally constructed in the 13th century for a companion of Philippe Auguste, with additions and modifications in the 15th century and the first half of the 19th.

The castle has been protected since 1946 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. The gardens are also listed. The castle and gardens are privately owned and not open to the public.

Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: [sɛn e maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.
Diffusion (acoustics)
Diffusion, in architectural acoustics, is the spreading of sound energy evenly in a given environment. A perfectly diffusive sound space is one in which the reverberation time is the same at any listening position.
Most interior spaces are non-diffusive; the reverberation time is considerably different around the room. At low frequencies, they suffer from prominent resonances called room modes.

Room modes
Room modes are the collection of resonances that exist in a room when the room is excited by an acoustic source such as a loudspeaker. Most rooms have their fundamental resonances in the 20 Hz to 200 Hz region, each frequency being related to one or more of the room's dimensions or a divisor thereof. These resonances affect the low-frequency low-mid-frequency response of a sound system in the room and are one of the biggest obstacles to accurate sound reproduction.
Louise Blanchard Bethune
Louise Blanchard Bethune (July 21, 1856 – December 18, 1913) was the first American woman known to have worked as a professional architect. She was born in Waterloo, New York. Blanchard worked primarily in Buffalo, New York with her husband at Bethune, Bethune & Fuchs.

Her largest project was the Hotel Lafayette, including its expansion project, but she also worked on many other residential and commercial projects, including many public school buildings. The Buffalo Meter Company Building was renamed Bethune Hall in her honor by the University at Buffalo.

Gannon and Hands
Gannon and Hands, founded in 1894 in New York, was the first all-female architecture firm in the United States. Its partners were Mary Gannon (1867-1932) and Alice Hands. In the firm's very short existence (1894 – c. 1900), it became known for innovative approaches to low-cost urban housing.
Oak wilt
Oak wilt is a fungal disease caused by the organism Bretziella fagacearum that threatens Quercus spp. The disease is limited to the eastern half of the United States, Central Texas, and Southern Ontario. First described in the 1940s in the  Upper Mississippi River Valley. The pathogen penetrates xylem tissue, preventing water transport and causing disease symptoms. Symptoms generally consist of leaf discoloration, wilt, defoliation, and death. The disease is dispersed by insect vectors and to adjacent trees through underground root networks.  However, human spread is the most consequential dispersal method. Moving firewood long distances can potentially transport diseases and invasive species.

Central forest–grasslands transition
The central forest–grasslands transition  is a prairie ecoregion of the central United States, an ecotone between eastern forests and the North American Great Plains. It is a classification defined by the World Wildlife Fund.
William Gregg (VC)
William Gregg, VC, DCM, MM (27 January 1890 – 10 August 1969) was a British soldier and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
History of telecommunication
The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. In the 1790s, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe. However, it was not until the 1830s that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear. This article details the history of telecommunication and the individuals who helped make telecommunication systems what they are today. The history of telecommunication is an important part of the larger history of communication.

Satellite phone
A satellite phone (also called a satellite telephone or satphone) is a type of mobile phone that connects to the public switched telephone network through orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites.  
They function in areas without terrestrial network coverage but require line-of-sight to a satellite. Most support voice, text, and low-bandwidth data services.
Grass Lake (Haliburton County)
Grass Lake is a lake in Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada. It is in the "cottage country" area of central Ontario and has many cottages along its shores. It is connected to Head Lake in the east and Kashagawigamog Lake to the west. Like other lakes in the five lake chain, Grass Lake is essentially a widening of the Drag River, which flows from Drag Lake into the chain of lakes at Head Lake and out again at Canning Lake where a dam is controlled by the Trent–Severn Waterway.

Residents of Grass Lake are represented by the Grass Lake Association.

Drag Lake
Drag Lake is a glacial lake in the township of Dysart et al in Haliburton County, Southern Ontario, Canada.

The lake is in Great Lakes Basin, and its primary inflow, at the east, and outflow, at the west and controlled by a dam, is the Drag River.

Residents of Drag Lake are represented by the Drag and Spruce Lake Property Owners Association.
Third Gerbrandy cabinet
The Third Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Fourth London cabinet, was the Dutch government-in-exile from 23 February 1945 until 25 June 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) following the resignation of the Second Gerbrandy cabinet on 27 January 1945. The national unity government (war cabinet) was the last of four war cabinets of the government-in-exile in London during World War II.

Roman Catholic State Party
The Roman Catholic State Party (Dutch: Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij, RKSP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1926 as a continuation of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. During its entire existence, the party was in government. In 1945 the party became the Catholic People's Party (KVP).
2014–15 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season
During the 2014–15 football season, Sheffield Wednesday F.C. competed in three professional football competitions. Sheffield Wednesday competed in the 2014–15 Football League Championship (finishing 13th), 2014–15 FA Cup, and the 2014–15 Football League Cup. It was the Owls' third consecutive season in the Football League Championship, having secured promotion from League One in the 2011–12 season, securing Championship safety on the last day of the 2012–13 season and securing a 16th-place finish last season. The Football League season kicked off at the beginning of August, along with the League Cup in the same month. Meanwhile, with Sheffield Wednesday being within the top two tiers of the English football league system, the club did not enter the FA Cup until the beginning of January 2015, where they entered at Round 3 of the competition.

2014–15 Football League Championship
The 2014–15 Football League Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh season of the Football League Championship under its current title and the twenty-third season under its current league structure. The 2014–15 season began on 8 August 2014 and ended on 2 May 2015.

Bournemouth won the league on the last day of the season, confirming their place in the top flight for the first time in their history. Watford were runners-up and took their place in the Premier League for the first time since the 2006–07 season. Norwich were the final promoted team, bouncing straight back from their relegation the previous season by beating Middlesbrough 2–0 in the Play Off Final.

At the other end of the table, Blackpool were relegated in April having been cut adrift at the bottom of the table for much of the season. Wigan and Millwall were the other two teams to be relegated on the penultimate weekend of the season.
Alwyn Goosen
Alwyn Dennis Goosen (born 18 June 1944) is a retired South African politician. He represented the Labour Party in the apartheid-era House of Representatives. In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, he was elected to represent the African National Congress (ANC) in the new National Assembly; he served two terms, narrowly gaining re-election in 1999, and represented the Eastern Cape constituency.

House of Representatives (South Africa)
The House of Representatives (Afrikaans: Raad van Verteënwoordigers) was an 80-seat body in the Tricameral Parliament of South Africa which existed from 1984–1994. It was reserved for Coloured South Africans. The body was elected twice; in 1984 and 1989. Electoral turnouts for the House of Representatives were poor.

The House of Representatives met in the former Senate chamber in  the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town.  The executive arm of the House of Representatives was a Ministers' Council, led by a Chairman. The civil service that dealt with Coloured "own affairs" (including education, health and welfare, local government, housing and agriculture) was called the Administration: House of Representatives, and was based in Cape Town.
Luiz Gustavo
Luiz Gustavo Dias (born 23 July 1987) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club São Paulo.

From 2007 to 2017 Luiz Gustavo played in Germany, where he represented TSG Hoffenheim, Bayern Munich and VfL Wolfsburg, making 245 Bundesliga appearances and scoring 15 goals. He won six trophies in his time in the country, including the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League with Bayern.

A full international with over 40 caps since his debut in 2011, Luiz Gustavo represented Brazil as they won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and came fourth at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, both on home soil.

2012–13 Bundesliga
The 2012–13 Bundesliga was the 50th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football league. The season began on 24 August 2012 with the season opening match at Westfalenstadion involving defending champions Borussia Dortmund and SV Werder Bremen and ended with the last games on 18 May 2013, with a winter break between the weekends around 15 December 2012 and 19 January 2013. Bayern Munich managed to secure the championship of the 2012–13 season after only 28 match days, beating their previous record by two matches.

The league comprises eighteen teams: The best fifteen teams of the 2011–12 season, the best two teams from the 2011–12 2. Bundesliga and the winners of the relegation play-off between the 16th-placed Bundesliga team and the third-placed 2. Bundesliga team.
Hambleton, Selby
Hambleton is a small village and civil parish near to Selby in North Yorkshire, England, not to be confused with the former Hambleton District  of North Yorkshire.

The village was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Selby, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Selby
Selby is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 12 miles (19.3 km) south of York on the River Ouse. At the 2021 Census, it had a population of 17,193.

The town grew around Selby Abbey, a former Benedictine house whose surviving church is nationally protected. Historic records indicate that Henry I of England was born in the town.

The town was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire in 1974.  From 1974 until 2023 it was the administrative centre of the Selby District. Local government is now provided by North Yorkshire Council, a unitary authority.

Selby once had a large shipbuilding industry, and was an important port on the Selby Canal, which brought trade from Leeds.
Heitianpu
Heitianpu (Chinese: 黑田铺镇) is a town in Shaodong, Hunan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 45,852 and an area of 100.89 square kilometres (38.95 sq mi). It borders Chenjiafang Town and Taizhimiao Township of Xinshao County in the north, Lianqiao Town in the east, Huangpiqiao Township, Dahetang Subdistrict and Songjiatang Subdistrict in south, and Niumasi Town in the west.

Songjiatang Subdistrict
Songjiatang Subdistrict (Chinese: 宋家塘街道; pinyin: Sòngjiātáng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Shaodong, Hunan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 70,400 and an area of 30-square-kilometre (12 sq mi).
2016 Ukrainian Cup final
The 2016 Ukrainian Cup final was a football match that was played on 21 May 2016 in Lviv. For the first time the cup final was held in Lviv. The match was the 25th Ukrainian Cup Final and was contested by Zorya Luhansk and Shakhtar Donetsk.

2015–16 Ukrainian Cup
The 2015–16 Ukrainian Cup was the 25th annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition. The schedule of games for clubs from the First and Second League was confirmed on 3 July 2015 at a session of the Central Council of the Professional Football League of Ukraine.
Badarpur–Dullabcherra Passenger
The Badarpur–Dullabcherra Passenger is a passenger train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway of Indian Railways that runs between Dullabcherra and Badarpur Junction in Assam. It is currently being operated with 55690 train number on a daily basis. The train makes its main halt at Karimganj Junction for 25 minutes & loco/rake reversals also takes place here. The train runs with SGUJ/WDP-4D.

Northeast Frontier Railway zone
The Northeast Frontier Railway (abbreviated NFR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered in Maligaon, Guwahati in the state of Assam, and responsible for operation and expansion of rail network all across Northeastern states and some districts of eastern Bihar and northern West Bengal.
1996–97 WOAA Senior League season
The 1996–97 WOAA Senior League season was the 7th season of the WOAA Senior AA Hockey League. The league played a regular season schedule which began in October 1996 and concluded in February 1997. The post-season began in February 1997 and concluded in April 1997.

The Durham Thundercats won the Sr. "AA" championship, defeating the Wellesley Merchants in six games. The Goderich Pirates won the Sr. "A" championship and the Lucknow Lancers won the Sr. "B" championship.

Goderich Pirates
The Goderich Pirates were a senior hockey team based out of Goderich, Ontario, Canada.  They played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League.

After the 2013–14 season, the club relocated to Seaforth, Ontario and were renamed the Huron East Centenaires.
Staunton Coca-Cola Bottling Works
The Staunton Coca-Cola Bottling Works is a historic building in Staunton, Virginia, that formerly housed the Staunton Coca-Cola bottling plant. Originally constructed in 1927, its modernist exterior, featuring tiles in a speckled pattern (suggesting carbonation) and a mosaic image of a Coca-Cola bottle, dates from 1964. Currently vacant, the building remains a Staunton landmark, located approximately one-half mile north of Beverley Street, across from the Staunton Public Library. Its one-time president, W. L. Sams, was known as "the Coca-Cola King of the [Shenandoah] Valley." The facility moved to its present location on Christians Creek Road in the 1970s.

Beverley Historic District
Beverley Historic District is a national historic district located at Staunton, Virginia. The district encompasses 131 contributing buildings in downtown Staunton.  It is a compact commercial district characterized by a well-preserved collection of 19th-century buildings.  The buildings are characteristically two- to four-story, brick structures in a variety of popular architectural styles including Romanesque Revival and primarily Italianate.  Notable buildings include the old YMCA (1890), Hoover House Hotel (1893-1894), Putnam Organ Works Store (1894), City Hall (c. 1877, 1927), Odd Fellows Hall (c. 1895), U.S. Post Office (1936), and the Masonic Temple building (1895-1896).  Located in the district are the separately listed National Valley Bank and Augusta County Courthouse.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Traad
Traad , also known as Traad Point, is a small peninsula near Ballyronan in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Located at the north-west of Lough Neagh, it has a large conservation area that is abundant with wildlife as well as a nine-hole golf club.  It is situated within Mid-Ulster District.

Mid Ulster (district)
Mid Ulster is a local government district in Northern Ireland. The district was created on 1 April 2015 by merging Magherafelt District, Cookstown District, and the Borough of Dungannon and South Tyrone. The local authority is Mid Ulster District Council.
Eothyris
Eothyris is a genus of extinct synapsid in the family Eothyrididae from the early Permian. It was a carnivorous  insectivorous animal, closely related to Oedaleops. Only the skull of Eothyris, first described in 1937, is known. It had a 6-centimetre-long (2.4-inch) skull, and its total estimated length was 30 centimetres (12 inches). Eothyris is one of the most primitive synapsids known and is probably very similar to the common ancestor of all synapsids in many respects. The only known specimen of Eothyris was collected from the Artinskian-lower.

Ophiacodontidae
Ophiacodontidae is an extinct family of early eupelycosaurs from the Carboniferous and Permian. Archaeothyris, and Clepsydrops were among the earliest ophiacodontids, appearing in the Late Carboniferous. Ophiacodontids are among the most basal synapsids, an offshoot of the lineage which includes therapsids and their descendants, the mammals. The group became extinct by the Kungurian or the Roadian, replaced by anomodonts, theriodonts, and the diapsid reptiles.
Alejandro Murat Hinojosa
Alejandro Ismael Murat Hinojosa (born August 4, 1975) is a Mexican politician affiliated with Morena. He was elected Governor of Oaxaca in 2016 as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and took office from December 1, 2016, to November 30, 2022.

Governor of Oaxaca
The governor of Oaxaca (officially in Spanish Gobernador Constitucional del Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca, in English Constitutional Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca), heads the executive branch of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The office is created by the state constitution, which specifies a term of 6 years and prohibits reelection. The governor takes office on December 1, and the term ends on November 30 six years later.

Gabino Cué Monteagudo was the first non-Institutional Revolutionary Party governor elected since 1929.
Democratic Alliance of the National Revolution
The Democratic Alliance of the National Revolution (Spanish: Alianza Democrática de la Revolución Nacional, ADRN) was a centrist electoral political alliance in Bolivia.

The ADRN was formed in 1978 by 
the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, MNR (historical faction led by Víctor Paz Estenssoro) and
the Authentic Revolutionary Party, PRA (historical faction led by Wálter Guevara Arce).

It presented as its presidential candidate Paz Estenssoro and Guevara Arce as vice-presidential candidate.

Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionarioⓘ, MNR) is a centre-right, conservative political party in Bolivia. It was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution from 1952 to 1964. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941.
Nepenthes tenuis
Nepenthes tenuis (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈtɛnjuɪs/; from Latin  tenuis 'thin, fine, slender') is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The species was first collected in 1957, from a remote mountain in the western part of the island. It remained undescribed until 1994, and was only rediscovered in the wild in 2002. Prior to this, N. tenuis was known solely from a single photograph and dried herbarium specimen.

Gland
A gland is a cell or an organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances that the organism needs, either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface. A gland may also function to remove unwanted substances such as urine from the body.

There are two types of gland, each with a different method of secretion. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete their products, hormones,  directly into interstitial spaces to be taken up into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete their products through a duct into a body cavity or outer surface.

Glands are mostly composed of epithelial tissue, and typically have a supporting framework of connective tissue, and a capsule.