hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gun laws in Poland
Polish law allows modern firearms ownership on a general shall-issue basis under police-issued permit for people who provide an important reason. Hunting, sport shooting, training and collecting are the most popular reasons and require membership in suitable organizations. Self-defense permits for civilians are chief exceptions to the rule, where a may-issue based permit is required. Antique black powder firearms or their replicas and most air guns are available without a permit. Firearm owners are subject to physical and mental health evaluations and domestic violence confiscation laws resembling U.S. red flag laws.

With approximately 2.5 civilian firearms per 100 people, Poland is the 167th most armed country in the world. Less than 0.8% of citizens have valid firearm permits.

Polish Penal Code
Kodeks Karny is Poland's criminal-law code. The name is often abbreviated KK.

Modern Polish legal history has seen the introduction of three penal codes: in 1932; in 1969, during the communist era; and in 1997. The last of those has been amended 101 times.

The Penal Code, with the Penal Procedure Code and the Fiscal Penal Code, together make up Poland's criminal justice system, often referred to as "penal code".
Avaliden
Avaliden is a village in the municipality of Norsjö in Västerbotten County, Sweden. It is located approximately 7 km south of Norsjö. Although Avaliden is only seasonally inhabited now, its population in 1846 was 211.

Norsjö
Norsjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈnǔːrɧœ]) is a locality and the seat of Norsjö Municipality in Västerbotten County, Sweden, with 2,051 inhabitants in 2010. It is the birthplace of writer Torgny Lindgren, singer-actor-musician Tommy Körberg, and American author Charlotte Agell, who currently resides in Maine, United States.

Norsjö also plays a part in the Stieg Larsson novel The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1714
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1714, adopted unanimously on October 6, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan, particularly resolutions 1590 (2005), 1627 (2005), 1653 (2006), 1653 (2006), 1663 (2006), 1679 (2006), 1706 (2006) and  1709 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) until April 30, 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1627
United Nations Security Council resolution 1627, adopted unanimously on 23 September 2005, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan, particularly Resolution 1590 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) for six months until 24 March 2006.
Qartaba
Qartaba (Arabic: قرطبا, Syriac: ܩܪܛܒܐ, also spelled Kartaba or Artaba) is a town in the mountains of the Byblos District of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon. It is located 57 kilometers north Beirut on the mountains above Byblos at an average altitude of 1,250 meters. It is the second-most populous city in the district after Byblos.

Qartaba extends between the municipal borders of Almat el Jnoubiye to the northwest, Balhoss to the west, Qorqaiya to the southwest, Janne to the south, Deir Mar Sarkis to the east, and Mazraat es-Siyad to the northeast. It stands as one of the largest and most prominent towns in the Byblos District, renowned for its role as a premier resort and a major tourist destination. It offers a unique appeal with its dry, mild climate, making it an ideal spot for visitors year-round.

Artemius
Artemius (Latin: Flavius Artemius; Ancient Greek: Ἀρτέμιος; died 362), also known as Shallita, spelt Shalita or Chalita (Classical Syriac: ܫܠܝܛܐ, romanized: Shalliṭā, lit. 'The empowered one') was a Syrian general of the Roman Empire and dux Aegypti or imperial prefect of Roman Egypt. He is considered a saint by the Catholic and the Orthodox Churches, by the name of Artemius of Antioch, Mar Shalita of Antioch, and Mar Shalita the Martyr.
Shiba Yoshimune
Shiba Yoshimune (斯波 義統, 1513 - August 10, 1554) was the final head of the Shiba clan and lived during the latter half of the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. Nominally, Yoshimune was the governor (shugo) of Owari province and resided at Kiyosu castle. Though he was governor of Owari, the head of the Iwakura Oda clan and the deputy governor (shugodai) of Yoshimune, Oda Nobutomo, used him as a puppet ruler. Following the death of Oda Nobuhide in the year 1551 and Oda Nobunaga's appointment to heir of his late father's position, Nobutomo, who was of the opposite family, planned to assassinate the heir. Yoshimune learned of the assassination plot and betrayed Nobutomo, reporting it to Nobunaga. However, Nobutomo discovered the betrayal of Yoshimune and had him killed. Regardless, Nobunaga was successful in evading assassination and would later assault Kiyosu castle, killing Nobutomo.

Oda Nobuhide
Oda Nobuhide (織田 信秀, 1510 – 8 April 1551) was a Japanese daimyō and magistrate of the Sengoku period known as "Tiger of Owari" and also the father of Oda Nobunaga, the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobuhide was a deputy shugo (Shugodai) of lower Owari Province and head of the Oda clan which controlled most of Owari.
USS Brinkley Bass
USS Brinkley Bass (DD-887) was a Gearing-class destroyer in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1973. She was then transferred to Brazil where she served as Mariz e Barros (D-26) until 1997. The destroyer was finally sunk as a target in 2000.

Sasebo
Sasebo (佐世保市, Sasebo-shi) is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. As of 1 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a  population density of 540 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 426.01 km2 (164.48 sq mi).
Bridlewood Mall
Bridlewood Mall is a neighbourhood shopping centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It serves the L'Amoreaux neighbourhood in the Scarborough district of Toronto. Its anchors include Shoppers Drug Mart, Dollarama, Metro, and Yours Food Mart.

Toronto Public Library
Toronto Public Library (TPL) is a public library system in Toronto, Ontario. It is the largest public library system in Canada, and in 2023 had averaged a higher circulation per capita than any other public library system internationally, making it the largest neighbourhood-based library system in the world. Within North America, it also had the highest circulation and visitors when compared to other large urban systems. Established as the library of the Mechanics' Institute in 1830, the Toronto Public Library now consists of 100 branch libraries and has over 26 million items in its collection.
Eurasian Bank
Eurasian Bank JSC is the ninth-largest lender in Kazakhstan, headquartered in Almaty. It was founded in 1994 as a closed joint-stock company, and reregistered in 2003 as a joint stock company due to joint stock company law changes.
The Bank is owned 100% by Eurasian Financial Company JSCwhich is 100% owned by three equal shareholders: Alexander Mashkevich, Alijan Ibragimov, Patokh Shodiyev (aka Patokh Chodiev)

S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.
INS Abhay (1989)
INS Abhay (P33) ("Fearless") was the lead ship of her class of anti-submarine warfare corvettes, which were in service with the Indian Navy.

Abhay is Sanskrit for fearless. The ship was commissioned on 10 March 1989 at Poti, Georgia in the erstwhile USSR.

INS Abhay, as per earlier confirmation, was decommissioned on 6 October 2025 during sunset along with INFAC T-82, a Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat. This marked the end of active service of the Abhay class of ships with the Indian Navy. Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command (FOCINC WNC), was the chief guest of the ceremony, hosted at the Naval Dockyard (Mumbai), while attendees included the commissioning crew of the vessels, former Commanding Officers and senior dignitaries.

Abhay-class corvette
The Abhay-class corvettes of the Indian Navy were the customised variants of the Soviet Pauk-class corvettes. The class was primarily intended for coastal patrol and anti-submarine warfare. The last ship of the class is expected to be decommissioned by 2025. The class is being replaced by Arnala and Mahe subclasses of Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC). The ships formed the 23 Patrol Vessel Squadron of the Indian Navy.
Johann Jacob Mettenleiter
Johann Jacob Mettenleiter (9 August 1750, Heidenheim an der Brenz – 25 February 1825, Gatchina) was a German-born painter and engraver who spent most of his career in Russia. He became a noted Academician at the Imperial Academy of Arts.

Great Gatchina Palace
The Great Gatchina Palace (Russian: Большой Гатчинский дворец) is a palace in Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It was built from 1766 to 1781 by Antonio Rinaldi for Count Grigori Grigoryevich Orlov, who was a favourite of Catherine the Great, in Gatchina, a suburb of the royal capital Saint Petersburg. The Gatchina Palace combines classical architecture and themes of a medieval castle with ornate interiors typical of Russian classicism, located on a hill in central Gatchina next to Lake Serebryany. The Gatchina Palace became one of the favourite residences of the Russian Imperial Family, and during the 19th century was an important site of Russian politics. Since the February Revolution in 1917, it has been a museum and public park, and received UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 1990.
SC Heerenveen
Sportclub Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɔrtklʏp ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn]; West Frisian: Sportklub It Hearrenfean) is a Dutch professional football club from Heerenveen. They currently play in the Eredivisie, the top level of football in the Netherlands. The club is known for its Frisian identity.

Eerste Divisie
The Eerste Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrstə diˈvizi]; English: First Division), officially known as the Keuken Kampioen Divisie due to sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest tier of football in the Netherlands. It is linked with the top-level Eredivisie via promotion/relegation systems.
Coteaux Champenois AOC
Coteaux Champenois (French pronunciation: [kɔto ʃɑ̃pənwa]) is a wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the Champagne province of France. It covers the same area as sparkling Champagne production, but covers only still wines. The grapes are the same as those allowed for sparkling Champagne: Pinot noir and Pinot Meunier for red wines, and Chardonnay for whites. Rosé wines are made very rarely, but there is also a rosé AOC in the Champagne region, Rosé des Riceys. Production is small, especially in vintages where yields are low, given the high demand for Champagne and the higher profit of producing sparkling wine.

Rosé des Riceys AOC
Rosé des Riceys is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the three villages of Les Riceys, a commune in the Aube département in the Champagne province of France. The wines are all rosé, produced from the pinot noir grape. They are either fermented in stainless steel tanks for early drinking or in wood allowing longer ageing. They have a distinctive taste known to the French as goût des Riceys.
Les Riceys is the only wine-growing area to have three AOCs:  AOC Champagne, AOC Côteaux Champenois red wine and AOC Rosé de Riceys.
Nathaniel Maxuilili
Nathaniel Maxuilili (10 October 1927 – 26 June 1999) was a Namibian politician, a member of SWAPO, and veteran of the struggle for the independence of the former South West Africa, he fought alongside today's Namibian prominent political figures such as Hifikepunye Pohamba and Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo among others. He was a deputy cabinet Minister of the Namibian government in the 1990s.

Maxuilili was killed on 23 June 1999 in Walvis Bay, while the ambulance taking him to hospital due to heart problems, was struck head-on by another vehicle.

Hifikepunye Pohamba
Hifikepunye Lucas Pohamba (born 18 August 1935) is a Namibian politician who served as the second president of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 21 March 2015. He won the 2004 presidential election overwhelmingly as the candidate of SWAPO and was reelected in 2009. Pohamba was the president of SWAPO from 2007 until his retirement in 2015. He is a recipient of the Ibrahim Prize.

Before his presidency, Pohamba served in various ministerial positions, beginning with Namibia's independence in 1990. He was Minister of Home Affairs from 1990 to 1995, Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources from 1995 to 1997, Minister without portfolio from 1997 to 2000, and Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation from 2001 to 2005. He was also secretary-general of SWAPO from 1997 to 2002 and vice-president of SWAPO from 2002 to 2007.
Azerbaijani hip-hop
Azerbaijani hip hop (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan hip-hopu) is the musical genre which became popular in Azerbaijan in the mid-1990s. It is a mix of native meykhana genre of Azerbaijani music with fusion of Western hip hop.

Azerbaijani pop music
Azerbaijani pop music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan pop musiqisi) is a pop music created in Azerbaijan. The emergence of Azerbaijani pop music dates back to the mid-20th century. Growth of new generation of musicians in the 1970s positively influenced Azerbaijan pop music's "golden age". Performers of traditional pop music such as Mirza Babayev, Flora Karimova and Shovkat Alakbarova achieved great success at that time. Contemporary Azerbaijani pop music has its roots in traditional Azerbaijani folk music.

As a result of globalisation, Azerbaijani pop music has been heavily influenced by both dance and electronic forms of pop music of the 1980s, as well as by genres of the 2000s such as electropop, dance-pop and synth-pop. In 2011, the song Running Scared (Ell & Nikki song), performed by the duo Ell & Nikki, was Azerbaijan's first-ever victory on European song contest Eurovision.
Astraponotus
Astraponotus is an extinct genus of astrapotheriids. It lived during the Middle-Late Eocene (in the Mustersan and Tinguirirican of the South American land mammal ages (SALMA), 48-33.9 million years ago) and its fossil remains have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina, South America.

Tinguirirican
The Tinguirirican (Spanish: Tinguiririquense) age is a period of geologic time (36.0–29.0 Ma) within the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene epochs of the Paleogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Divisaderan and precedes the Deseadan age.
Object Constraint Language
The Object Constraint Language (OCL) is a declarative language describing rules applying to Unified Modeling Language (UML) models developed at IBM and is now part of the UML standard. Initially, OCL was merely a formal specification language extension for UML. OCL may now be used with any Meta-Object Facility (MOF) Object Management Group (OMG) meta-model, including UML. The Object Constraint Language is a precise text language that provides constraint and object query expressions on any MOF model or meta-model that cannot otherwise be expressed by diagrammatic notation. OCL is a key component of the new OMG standard recommendation for transforming models, the Queries/Views/Transformations (QVT) specification.

Model-driven architecture
Model-driven architecture (MDA) is a software design approach for the development of software systems. It provides a set of guidelines for the structuring of specifications, which are expressed as models. Model Driven Architecture is a kind of domain engineering, and supports model-driven engineering of software systems. It was launched by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 2001.
1987 Eastern League season
The 1987 Eastern League season began on approximately April 1 and the regular season ended on approximately September 1.

The Harrisburg Senators defeated the Vermont Reds three games to one to win the Eastern League Championship Series.

Vermont Reds
The Vermont Reds are a defunct minor league baseball team. They played in the Eastern League at Centennial Field in Burlington, Vermont from 1984 to 1987. They were affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds.

The team won the Eastern League Championship in 1984, 1985 and 1986.
Chloroperlidae
Chloroperlidae are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as green stoneflies, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
History of medieval Cumbria
The history of medieval Cumbria has several points of interest. The region's status as a borderland coping with 400 years of warfare is one. The attitude of the English central government, at once uninterested and deeply interested, is another. As a border region, of geopolitical importance, Cumbria changed hands between the Angles, Norse (Norwegians, Danes and Hiberno-Norse), Strathclyde Brythons, Picts, Normans, Scots and English; and the emergence of the modern county is also worthy of study.

Anglo-Saxon multiple estate
An Anglo-Saxon multiple estate was a large landholding controlled from a central location with surrounding subsidiary settlements. These estates were present in the early Anglo-Saxon period, but fragmented into smaller units in the late Anglo-Saxon period. Despite some academic criticism, the concept has been widely used and a large number of possible examples have been proposed.
Baseball Canada
Baseball Canada is the national governing body for baseball in Canada. They are members of the Canadian Olympic Committee and the World Baseball Softball Confederation.

Incorporated in 1964 as the Canadian Federation of Amateur Baseball, it is made up of 10 provincial associations which represent players, coaches, and umpires across Canada.

They are funded and recognized by Sport Canada and Heritage Canada, and is recognized by Revenue Canada as having charitable status.

Baseball Ontario
Baseball Ontario, officially known as the Ontario Baseball Association (OBA), is the provincial governing body for baseball in Ontario.  The Ontario Baseball Association was founded under the name "Ontario Baseball Amateur Association" which was organized at a meeting held in Hamilton at the Central YMCA on Saturday, May 4, 1918.  In 1938, the name was changed to "Ontario Baseball Association", and in 1982, the organization was incorporated as "Ontario Baseball Association, Inc".  Baseball Ontario currently has its headquarters in Cambridge, Ontario.

In 2013, Baseball Ontario was named Province of the Year by Baseball Canada due, in large part to the eight medals won by Ontario teams at National Championships.  Ontario medaled in all seven tournaments, winning gold at the Bantam Girls, Bantam Boys, Midget, Junior, Senior Women's and Senior Men's tournaments in addition to a silver medal at the Baseball Canada Cup and a bronze at the Senior Men's tournament.
Query understanding
Query understanding is the process of inferring the intent of a search engine user by extracting semantic meaning from the searcher’s keywords. Query understanding methods generally take place before the search engine retrieves and ranks results. It is related to natural language processing but specifically focused on the understanding of search queries.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Puellae gaditanae
Puellae gaditanae (Latin: 'girls from Gades') was the name that, by extension, the ancient Romans gave to all the female dancers from southern Hispania Baetica, whether or not they were from Gades (Cádiz).

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths. Its territory approximately corresponds to modern Andalusia.
Oleg Yesayan
Oleg Yesayan (Armenian: Օլեգ Եսայան; born 12 November 1946) is an Armenian politician and diplomat who is a former Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, President of the National Assembly of Nagorno-Karabakh, and Chairman of the Securities Commission of Armenia. Yesayan is also a former ambassador of Armenia to Russia and Belarus, presenting his credentials to Russian president Dmitry Medvedev on 5 February 2010.

President of the National Assembly of Artsakh
The president of the National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Ազգային ժողովի նախագահ, Azgayin zhoghovi naxagah) is the speaker of the House in the Parliament of Artsakh.

Until 1995, the post was called Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. From January 1992 to December 1994, until Robert Kocharyan was elected as the president of Artsakh, the chairman was de facto the head of state of the republic.

Following an Azerbaijani offensive on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024, as de jure. In December 2023, this decision was subsequently declared not valid by the Artsakh president.

The speaker is Davit Ishkhanyan of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
Tanguleh-ye Anjir
Tanguleh-ye Anjir (Persian: تنگ گوله انجير, also Romanized as Tangūleh-ye Anjīr) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 36 families.

Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District
Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي گرمسيرئ شمالي) is in Mombi District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Gerd-e Kuchak. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Mombi, now a city.