hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Student Survey
The National Student Survey is an annual survey, launched in 2005, of all final year undergraduate degree students at institutions in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom. The survey is designed to assess undergraduate students' opinions of the quality of their degree programmes, with seven different scores published including an "overall satisfaction" mark.

NSS is conducted by Ipsos MORI on behalf of the Office for Students and the UK higher education funding bodies.

National Union of Students (United Kingdom)
The National Union of Students (NUS) is a confederation of student unions across the United Kingdom. Approximately 600 student unions are affiliated, accounting for more than 95% of all higher and further education unions in the UK. Although the National Union of Students is the central organization for all affiliated unions in the UK, there are also the devolved national sub-bodies: NUS Scotland in Scotland, NUS Wales (UCM Cymru) in Wales and NUS-USI in Northern Ireland (the latter being jointly administered by Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn).

NUS is a member of the European Students' Union.
Fatululic Administrative Post
Fatululic (Fatu-Lulik, Fatululik), officially Fatululic Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Fatululic, Tetum: Postu administrativu Fatu-Lulic), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Cova Lima municipality, Timor-Leste. Its seat or administrative centre is Fatululic.

The population of the administrative post is 1.894 (2010).

The administrative post comprises two Sucos:

Fatululic, consisting of aldeias of Aitoun, Beco, and Beidasi.

Taroman, consisting of aldeias of Fatuloro, Holba, Lia Nain, Macous, and Taroman.

Administrative posts of Timor-Leste
The municipalities of Timor-Leste are divided into 70 administrative posts (previously subdistricts until 2014) since 2024. On 1 January 2024, three new administrative posts were created, one in Liquiçá Municipality (Loes) and two in Baucau Municipality (Quelicai Antiga and Matebian)

Each administrative post is divided into several sucos. Sucos are divided into several aldeias, the smallest political division of Timor-Leste.
Mike Percy (politician)
Michael B. Percy is an academic and former politician in Alberta, Canada.

Percy, an economics professor at the University of Alberta, was elected as an Alberta Liberal Party member in Edmonton-Whitemud after former MLA Percy Wickman switched to a new riding. Percy held the riding for one term, serving as Finance Critic until retiring from elected life in 1997.  At that point, he was appointed as the Stanley A. Milner Professor and Dean of the Alberta School of Business at the University of Alberta, a position he held until July 1, 2011.

In 2019, Percy was named a member of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Alberta’s Finances by Alberta Premier Jason Kenney. The final report outlined 26 recommendations to improve Alberta's finances.

Percy is married to Debby Carlson who was also a Liberal member in the Legislative Assembly at that time.

Alberta Liberal Party
53°32′40″N 113°32′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.5445°N 113.5356°W﻿ / 53.5445; -113.5356

The Alberta Liberal Party (French: Parti libéral de l'Alberta) is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1905, it is the oldest active political party in Alberta and was the dominant political party until the 1921 election, with the first three provincial Premiers being Liberals.  Since 1921, it has formed the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta several times, most recently from 1993 until 2012. Fourteen Liberals have served as Leader of the Opposition of Alberta.

The party was affiliated with the Liberal Party of Canada until 1976.
University of West Los Angeles
The University of West Los Angeles (UWLA) is a private, for-profit, ABA unaccredited, State Bar of California approved, law school and business school in Los Angeles, California. It maintains two campuses, one in Inglewood (West Los Angeles) and one in Woodland Hills (San Fernando Valley).

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Bill Hager (South Carolina politician)
William Winston Hager (born 7 February 1960) is an American engineer and politician.

Bill Hager was born on 7 February 1960 in Charlotte, North Carolina, to parents Roland and Charlene Hager. He later moved to Hampton, South Carolina, earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering at The Citadel, and worked as an engineer.

Hager served as chair of the Hampton County Economic Development Commission and ran for a seat on the Hampton County Council in 2020. In 2022, Hager defeated incumbent Shedron D. Williams of South Carolina House of Representatives District 122.

Shedron D. Williams
Shedron D. Williams (born July 29, 1967) is an American politician. He is a former member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 122nd District, serving since 2018. He is a member of the Democratic party.  Williams was defeated in the 2022 general election by Bill Hager.
James v Greenwich LBC
James v Greenwich London Borough Council [2008] EWCA Civ 35 is a UK labour law case, concerning implied contracts for workers who work through employment agencies. Its opinion was reversed by the Agency Workers Regulations 2010 and superseded by the more recent Supreme Court decision by Lord Clarke in Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher.

Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher
Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher [2011] UKSC 41 is a landmark UK labour law and English contract law case decided by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, concerning the scope of statutory protection of rights for working individuals. It confirmed the view, also taken by the Court of Appeal, that the relative bargaining power of the parties must be taken into account when deciding whether a person counts as an employee, to get employment rights. As Lord Clarke said,

the relative bargaining power of the parties must be taken into account in deciding whether the terms of any written agreement in truth represent what was agreed and the true agreement will often have to be gleaned from all the circumstances of the case, of which the written agreement is only a part. This may be described as a purposive approach to the problem.
2018 Women's LEN Super Cup
The 2018 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 13th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for women's water polo clubs. The match was played between Kinef Kirishi (2017–18 Euro League champions) and Dunaújvárosi FVE (winners of the 2017–18 LEN Trophy) at the Neftyanik Sports Complex in Kirishi, Russia, on 10 November 2018.

Hungary's Dunaújváros, at their debut in the competition, won the trophy recovering from a 4-goal gap during the last quarter and defeating after the shootouts the European champions and Super Cup title holders of Kinef at their home pool in Kirishi.

2017–18 Women's LEN Trophy
The 2017–18 Women's LEN Trophy was the 19th edition of the European second-tier tournament for women's water polo clubs. It was contested in Mataró, Spain, on 13 and 14 April 2018.

Dunaújváros achieved the first continental trophy of its history. The Hungarian team won the semifinal against host CN Mataró and the final match against Greece's Olympiacos.
Ranemsletta
Ranemsletta is the administrative centre of Overhalla Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The village is located on the north shore of the river Namsen, along the Norwegian County Road 17 which connects it to the town of Namsos to the west and Grong Municipality to the east. The villages of Svalia and Skogmo are neighboring villages to the north and northeast.

The village has some industry, a cement factory, a high school, and the historic Ranem Church. The now-defunct Namsos Line railway used to run through the village.

The 0.47-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2024) of 532 and a population density of 1,132 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,930/sq mi).

Namsen
Namsen (Norwegian) or Nååmesje (Southern Sami) is one of the longest rivers in Trøndelag county, in the central part of Norway.  The 228-kilometre (142 mi) long river flows through the municipalities of Røyrvik, Namsskogan, Grong, Overhalla, and Namsos before emptying into the Namsenfjorden. The river is the namesake for the whole Namdalen region. The river traditionally has been used for floating timber down from the forests to the town of Namsos, where the sawmills were located. Today, parts of the Namsen are regulated by several dams.
Juan Espino
Juan Francisco Espino Dieppa (born 9 October 1980) is a Spanish retired mixed martial artist and submission grappler who competed in the heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. In submission grappling, he was a 11-time world and European champion under UWW rules, in the no-gi and gi categories.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
Eurasian beaver
The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) or European beaver is a species of beaver widespread across Eurasia, with a rapidly increasing population of at least 1.5 million in 2020. The Eurasian beaver was hunted to near-extinction for both its fur and castoreum, with only about 1,200 beavers in eight relict populations from France to Mongolia in the early 20th century. It has since been reintroduced into much of its former range and now lives from Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia through China and Mongolia, with about half the population in Russia. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.

Khabur
The Khabur River is the largest perennial tributary to the Euphrates in Syria. Although the Khabur originates in Turkey, the karstic springs around Ras al-Ayn are the river's main source of water. Several important wadis join the Khabur north of Al-Hasakah, together creating what is known as the Khabur Triangle, or Upper Khabur area. From north to south, annual rainfall in the Khabur basin decreases from over 400 mm to less than 200 mm. This has made the river a vital water source for agriculture throughout history. The Khabur joins the Euphrates near the town of Busayrah.
Decoritidae
Decoritidae is one of five families of the Gastrioceratoidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Gastrioceratoidea
Gastrioceratoidea is one of 17 superfamilies in the  suborder Goniatitina, ammonoid cephalopods from the Late Paleozoic.

Shells are variable in form with a broad whorl section and wide umbilicus. Early whorls are commonly evolute. Shells may be smooth or sculptured with transverse striae (fine grooves) and constrictions. The ventral lobe of the suture is  double pronged, prongs being relatively wide but sides not diverging. The median saddle is half as high or more so than the height of the entire ventral lobe. The first lateral saddle, which lies next to the ventral lobe is either rounded or subacute.

Gastrioceratoideae lived during the middle part of the Carboniferous, from the latest Mississippian to the middle of the Pennsylvanian  lasting for some eight million years. Greatest generic diversity occurred during the early Pennsylvanian.
Upsilon Eridani
The Bayer designation Upsilon Eridani (υ Eri / υ Eridani) is shared by four or seven stars, in the constellation Eridanus:

υ1 Eridani (50 Eridani)

υ2 Eridani (52 Eridani)

υ3 Eridani (43 Eridani)

υ4 Eridani (41 Eridani)

Some sources include the following stars:

υ5 Eridani (f Eridani)

υ6 Eridani (g Eridani)

υ7 Eridani (h Eridani)

This series of stars bore the traditional proper names Theemim (also Theemin) and Beemin (also Beemim). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the names Theemin for υ2 Eridani on 1 February 2017 and Beemim for υ3 Eridani on 30 June 2017; both are now included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Nef Glacier
Nef Glacier is a glacier located in Laguna San Rafael National Park, in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. It trends southeast from Cerro Largo to its terminus in the lake that shared its name.

It is the fifth largest glacier in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, after San Quintín, San Rafael, Steffen and Colonia.

Colonia Glacier
Colonia Glacier (Spanish: Glaciar Colonia or Ventisquero Colonia) is a valley glacier located in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, Chile. The glacier spills out to the southeast from an ice plateau north of Cerro Arenales and has its terminus about 4 km (2.5 mi) from Colonia Lake. Colonia Glacier dams two lakes; Cachet II and Arco Lake. The ice dam containing the waters of Cachet II Lake fails regularly, which generates glacial lake outburst floods.

On March 31, 2012, for the second time that year, virtually all of the 200 million cubic meters of water in Lake Cachet II were lost in less than 24 hours as a result of perforations in the glacial wall, a consequence of rising temperatures driven by climate change. The lake has drained 11 times since 2008 and experts predict it will increase in frequency.
Padrino system
The padrino system, or patronage in Filipino culture and politics, is a value system in which individuals gain favor, promotion, or political appointment through family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), rather than on the basis of merit. The system traces its origins to the Spanish colonial period, when Filipinos were often required to obtain the favor of a Spanish official or a wealthy Filipino, typically a friar, in order to secure a government position or improve their social or economic standing. At the center of this system is the padrino, a sponsor or influential backer who uses their power or connections to secure opportunities for others. The padrino system has also been a source of numerous controversies and is widely associated with corruption.

Culture of the Philippines
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers. In more recent times, Filipino culture has also been influenced through its participation in the global community.
2025 Deutschland Tour
The 2025 Deutschland Tour was a men's road cycling stage race which took place from 20 to 24 August 2025. It was the 39th edition of the Deutschland Tour, which is rated as a 2.Pro event on the 2025 UCI ProSeries calendar.

Deutschland Tour
The Deutschland Tour (English: Tour of Germany and sometimes Deutschland-Rundfahrt in German) is the most important multi-stage road bicycle race in Germany. Initially the race was held in May/June, but from 2005 until 2008 it was moved to August as part of the UCI ProTour. On October 16, 2008, the organizers announced that the 2009 edition would be cancelled, following the doping cases that were revealed in the sport of cycling. Marketing chiefs said they were unable to finance the nine-day race due to a lack of interested sponsors after the latest revelations of cyclists testing positive for the blood-booster CERA.  A revival for 2017 was announced on 8 March 2016. In 2018, the A.S.O. revived the Deutschland Tour and included a 4-stage-race into a cycling festival. From 23 August to 26 August 2018, the Deutschland Tour took place in the South-Western region of Germany.

The 2019 race was held from 29 August to 1 September.
MBA Oath
MBA Oath is a voluntary student-led pledge that asks graduating MBAs to commit towards the creation of value "responsibly and ethically". As of January 2010, the initiative is driven by a coalition of MBA students, graduates and advisors, including nearly 2,000 student and alumni signers from over 500 MBA programs around the world. By formalizing a written oath and creating forums for individuals to personally commit to an ethical standard, the initiative hopes to accomplish three goals:

to make a difference in the lives of the individual students who take the oath,

to challenge other classmates to work towards a higher professional standard, whether they sign the oath or not, and

to create a public conversation in the press about professionalizing and improving management.

Oath
Traditionally, an oath (from Anglo-Saxon āþ, also a plight) is a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who object to making sacred oaths is to give an affirmation instead. Nowadays, even when there is no notion of sanctity involved, certain promises said out loud in ceremonial or juridical purpose are referred to as oaths. "To swear" is a verb used to describe the taking of an oath; to make a solemn vow.
Paris Châtillon XIII
Paris Châtillon XIII is a French Rugby League team based in Châtillon in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region. In 2023, the club plays in the Federal Division, but has participated in the national level championships, 1st division (A and B), Elite 1 and Elite 2 in the past. A title won in Elite as far as Seniors are concerned. Training club of several internationals and Elite players.

Elite 2 (rugby league)
Elite 2 (formerly the Elite Two Championship) is the second tier semi-professional rugby league competition in France below Super XIII, but above the National Division 1. The regular season runs from September/October to April. The clubs play each other home and away before entering into a series of play-off matches resulting in a Grand Final. The winners can gain promotion to Super XIII providing they meet a minimum criteria. Occasionally the runners-up could be offered promotion. Promotion to Elite 2 from the National Divisions is also based on similar criteria.
1998 Croatia Open Umag
The 1998 Croatia Open Umag was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Umag, Croatia that was part of the World Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from 27 July until 2 August 1998. Seventh-seeded Bohdan Ulihrach won the singles title.

1998 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP World Tour Finals, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
Morsleben
Morsleben is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Ingersleben. It is mostly known because of the Repository for radioactive waste Morsleben nearby; the disposal of waste into the facility was ended in 1998.

Börde (district)
Börde (German: Landkreis Börde) is a district in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Its seat is the town Haldensleben. It takes its name from the natural region Magdeburg Börde. It is the site of the Morsleben radioactive waste repository. The disposal of waste into the facility ended in 1998.
Devota
Devota (French: Sainte Dévote; Corsican: Santa Divota; died ca. 303 AD) is the patroness saint of Corsica and Monaco.  She was killed during the persecutions of the Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. She is sometimes identified with another Corsican saint named Julia, who was described in Latin as Deo devota ("devoted to God").  The description was misinterpreted as a proper name.  The legend connected with her is similar to those told of other saints of the region, such as Reparata and Torpes of Pisa.

Monégasque dialect
Monégasque (munegascu, pronounced [muneˈɡasku]; French: monégasque, pronounced [mɔneɡask] ⓘ; Italian: monegasco) is the variety of Ligurian spoken in Monaco. It is closely related to the Ligurian dialects spoken in Ventimiglia and is considered a national language of Monaco, though it is not the official language of the country, which is French. Monégasque has been officially taught in the schools of Monaco since 1972 and was made a compulsory subject in 1976, but is the native language of only a handful of people.
Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.

Inferior and superior planets
In the Solar System, a planet is said to be inferior or interior with respect to another planet if its orbit lies inside the other planet's orbit around the Sun. In this situation, the latter planet is said to be superior to the former. In the reference frame of the Earth, where the terms were originally used, the inferior planets are Mercury and Venus, while the superior planets are Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Dwarf planets like Ceres or Pluto and most asteroids are 'superior' in the sense that they almost all orbit outside the orbit of Earth.