hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Richardson (police officer)
Frank Richardson KPM (1851–1938) was an English policeman. He joined the Birmingham City Police in 1873 as a constable third class. Within one year he was promoted to constable second class and one year later to constable first class. In 1878 he was promoted to sergeant within the same force, and in 1882 he applied to be chief constable of Hereford, Herefordshire and was successful. He remained in this post, receiving the King's Police Coronation Medal in 1912 and being decorated at Buckingham Palace in 1917. He was at that time the "Most Senior Chief Constable of England" He had married in 1870 and had nine children of which seven were sons with only one not joining the police service. In total he and his family provided 176 years service to the constabularies of England and South Africa. Between 1903 and 1920 there were three Chief Constable Richardsons in office. He was also the chief fire brigade officer of Hereford, adding many innovations to the fire service.

Halifax, West Yorkshire
Halifax is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. In the 15th century, the town became an economic hub of the old West Riding of Yorkshire, primarily in woollen manufacture with the large Piece Hall square later built for trading wool in the town centre. The town was a thriving mill town during the Industrial Revolution with the Dean Clough Mill buildings a surviving landmark. In the 2021 census, the town was recorded as having a population of 88,134. It is also the administrative centre of the Calderdale Metropolitan Borough.
Lookout (architecture)
A lookout, lookout rafter or roof outlooker is a wooden joist that extends in cantilever out from the exterior wall (or wall plate) of a building, supporting the roof sheathing and providing a nailing surface for the fascia boards.  When not exposed it serves to fasten the finish materials of the eaves.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
3700 Geowilliams
3700 Geowilliams, provisional designation 1984 UL2, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 23 October 1984, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The S k-subtype has a rotation period of 14.38 hours. It was named for Australian geologist George E. Williams.

Eugene Merle Shoemaker
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy. This comet hit Jupiter in July 1994: the impact was televised around the world. Shoemaker also studied terrestrial craters, such as Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, and along with Edward Chao provided the first conclusive evidence of its origin as an impact crater. He was also the first director of the United States Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program.

He was killed in a car accident while visiting an impact crater site in Australia. After his death, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.
Iowa Malleable Iron Company
The Iowa Malleable Iron Company was a historic industrial complex located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States.  At one time the historic designation included nine buildings, most of them have been torn down.  The remaining building was the two-story office building for the factory that was constructed in 1924.  Most of the complex was built in 1904 north of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad tracks.  The company produced malleable iron castings for agricultural implement manufacturers, including Fairfield's Louden Machinery Company.  For the most part it was established by the officers of the Louden Company, and it is thought to be the first foundry of its kind between the Mississippi River and Pueblo, Colorado.  The two companies maintained a close association throughout their histories.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Fairfield, Iowa
Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. It has a population of 9,416 people, according to the 2020 census.  Fairfield is known as an international center for Transcendental Meditation and is home of Maharishi International University.

It became the county seat in 1839 with 110 residents and grew to 650 by 1847. Its library was established in 1853, and it held its first fair in 1854. Early architecture in Fairfield includes work by George Franklin Barber and Barry Byrne.
Natural transformation
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a natural transformation provides a way of transforming one functor into another while respecting the internal structure (i.e., the composition of morphisms) of the categories involved. Hence, a natural transformation can be considered to be a "morphism of functors". Informally, the notion of a natural transformation states that a particular map between functors can be done consistently over an entire category.

Indeed, this intuition can be formalized to define so-called functor categories. Natural transformations are, after categories and functors, one of the most fundamental notions of category theory and consequently appear in the majority of its applications.

Homotopy group
In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group, denoted  which records information about loops in a space.  Intuitively, homotopy groups record information about the basic shape, or holes, of a topological space.

To define the nth homotopy group, the base-point-preserving maps from an n-dimensional sphere (with base point) into a given space (with base point)  are collected into equivalence classes, called homotopy classes. Two mappings are homotopic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. These homotopy classes form a group, called the nth homotopy group,  of the given space X with base point. Topological spaces with differing homotopy groups are never homeomorphic, but topological spaces that are not homeomorphic can have the same homotopy groups.

The notion of homotopy of paths was introduced by Camille Jordan.
Charles Joseph Fiscus
Charles Joseph Fiscus (1861–1884), also known as C. J. Fiscus and Chas Fiscus, was a pioneer American artist who specialized in landscapes, portraits, and still life, and played an important role in early Indiana art.

Thomas Moran
Thomas Moran (February 12, 1837 – August 25, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker of the Hudson River School in New York whose work often featured the Rocky Mountains. Moran and his family, wife Mary Nimmo Moran and daughter Ruth, took residence in New York where he obtained work as an artist. He was a younger brother of the noted marine artist Edward Moran, with whom he shared a studio. A talented illustrator and exquisite colorist, Thomas Moran was hired as an illustrator at Scribner's Monthly. During the late 1860s, he was appointed the chief illustrator for the magazine, a position that helped him launch his career as one of the premier painters of the American landscape, in particular, the American West.

Moran along with Albert Bierstadt, Thomas Hill, and William Keith are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Rocky Mountain School of landscape painters because of all of the Western landscapes made by this group.
Principality of Pavia
The Principality of Pavia (Lombard: Principaa de Pavia, Italian: Principato di Pavia) was an historic division of Lombardy and of the Duchy of Milan, which was ranked as a principality as an honor to the reigning House of Milan. It was the predecessor of the present-day Province of Pavia.

Vigevano
Vigevano (Italian: [viˈdʒɛːvano, -ˈdʒeː-]; Western Lombard: Avgevan) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Pavia, in the Italian region of Lombardy. A historic art town, it is also renowned for shoemaking and is one of the main centres of Lomellina, a rice-growing agricultural district. Vigevano received the honorary title of city with a decree of Duke Francis II Sforza on 2 February 1532. It is famed for its Renaissance Piazza Ducale in the centre of the town. It is also known for the Rassegna Litteraria di Vigevano (Literary Review of Vigevano), an annual cultural event celebrating literature and the arts, which honours two distinguished personalities from the world of culture every year with the National Prize and the International Career Prize.
Friends of Children with Special Needs
Friends of Children with Special Needs (FCSN) (Traditional Chinese: 華人特殊兒童之友; Pinyin: Huárén tèshū értóng zhīyǒu) is an American nonprofit organization serving individuals with developmental disabilities (e.g. Autism, Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, etc.) throughout Alameda County, California and Santa Clara County, California. FCSN offers Independent living, supported living, and day programs for adult children, After-school and Day camp programs for youth children, and support services for the children's parents. FCSN initially held its activities in borrowed spaces (i.e. "churches, living rooms, and YMCAs") due to not having a permanent headquarters throughout the first eight years since Incorporation, until 2006. Meetings, held by the organization, involved operations from both the special needs individuals and volunteers (including the children's parents).

Fremont, California
Fremont (/ˈfriːmɒnt/) is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area, Fremont has a population of 230,504 as of 2020, making it the fourth most populous city in the Bay Area, behind San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland. It is the closest East Bay city to the high-tech Silicon Valley network of businesses, and has a strong tech industry presence. The city's largest employer is a Tesla manufacturing plant, employing 25,000 people as of 2024.

The city's origins lie in the community that arose around Mission San José, founded in 1797 by the Spanish under Padre Fermín Lasuén. Fremont was incorporated on January 23, 1956, when the former towns of Mission San José, Centerville, Niles, Irvington, and Warm Springs unified into one city. Fremont is named after John C. Frémont, a general who helped lead the American Conquest of California from Mexico and later served as Military Governor of California and then U.S. Senator.
Bat-and-ball games
Bat-and-ball games, or safe haven games, are field games played by two opposing teams. Typically, action starts when the fielding team (at the defense) delivers a ball toward a dedicated player of the batting team (at the attack), who tries to hit it with a bat and then run between various safe areas in the field to score runs (points). The defending team can use the ball in various ways against the attacking team's players to force them off the field ("get them out") when they are not in safe zones, and thus prevent them from further scoring. The best known modern bat-and-ball games are cricket and baseball, with common roots in the 18th-century games played in England.

Run out
Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, in which the fielding team put down the wicket of a batter who is outside their ground, usually because they are trying to score a run.

Run out is governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long-established — but not universal — conventions about the spirit of the game.
Aktogay Canyon
Aktogay Canyon is located in the Zhalanash valley on the territory of Enbekshikazakh district of Almaty region. The Aktogay canyon is a continuation of the Charyn canyon. The canyon has a trapezoidal shape. The canyon reaches three kilometers wide and 200 to 300 meters deep. The canyon's name  means "white stream" in translation from the Kazakh language. It is part of the Charyn National Park and is located within the territory of the Uygur District, Raiymbek District and Enbekshikazakh District (of the Almaty Province).

Enbekshikazakh District
Enbekshikazakh District (Kazakh: Еңбекшіқазақ ауданы, Eñbekşıqazaq audany) is a district of Almaty Region in Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Esik. Population: 278,538 (2013 estimate); 257,506 (2009 census results); 202,659 (1999 census results).
Max Domarus
Maximilian Bernhard Domarus (1911–1992) was a German writer, historian, researcher, archivist, translator, and publicist.

Domarus is best known for his historical work on the Third Reich and the speeches of Adolf Hitler. Domarus was the author and editor of the 3,400-page four-volume set entitled Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945: The Chronicle of a Dictatorship.

Domarus' work is generally considered the most essential and reliable resource on the speeches of Hitler and a unique chronicle of the Third Reich.
However, there were also some chronological and factual errors in the original first Edition: these errors helped expose Konrad Kujau's forged Hitler Diaries, which copied from the original first edition as its main source, since Kujau copied these errors into the Diaries.

Konrad Kujau
Konrad Paul Kujau (27 June 1938 – 12 September 2000) was a German illustrator and forger. He became famous in 1983 as the creator of the so-called Hitler Diaries, for which he received DM 2.5 million (€2,421,020 in 2020 terms, adjusted for inflation) from a journalist, Gerd Heidemann, who in turn sold it for DM 9.3 million to the magazine Stern, resulting in a net profit of DM 6.8 million (€6,585,174 in 2020 terms, adjusted for inflation) for Heidemann. The forgery resulted in a four-and-half-year prison sentence for Kujau.
Walmsgate
Walmsgate is a settlement and civil parish, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A16 road, 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Louth. In 2021 the parish had a population of 21.

The name 'Walmsgate' means 'point of land of a man named Waldmaer'.

The lost village of Walmsgate is mentioned in 1377. A priest was last instituted about 1435, and eight families remained in 1563. The small church was still standing in the early 17th century. The walls of the church still stand to a maximum height of 6 feet (1.8 m) and are covered with a dense growth of ivy. The limestone ruins of the church are Grade II listed.

Louth, Lincolnshire
Louth (/laʊθ/ ⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Louth serves as an important town for a large rural area of eastern Lincolnshire. Visitor attractions include St James' Church, Hubbard's Hills, the market, many independent retailers, and Lincolnshire's last remaining cattle market.
Giandor
Giandor is the name of a chocolate produced in Switzerland by the Swiss company Frey AG, in 1910 Frey AG introduced its new chocolate line named Giandor. Frey AG is a part of the Migros corporation. It is available in Switzerland through the stores of Migros and various local retailers. Giandor is produced in three basic versions: milk, dark, and white chocolate, as well as in various shapes. Giandor chocolate is sold as a certified Bio product, which means that it was organically produced in Switzerland.

Migros
Migros (German pronunciation: [ˈmiɡro]) is Switzerland's largest retail company, its largest supermarket chain and largest employer. It is also one of the forty largest retailers in the world. It is structured in the form of a cooperative federation (the Federation of Migros Cooperatives), with more than two million members.

It co-founded Turkey's largest retailer, also named Migros, which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975.

The name comes from the French "mi" for half or mid-way and "gros", which means wholesale. Thus the word connotes prices that are halfway between retail and wholesale, along with the business model (medium-scale semi-wholesale). The logo of the company is a large orange M.  Migros is often referred to as "the orange giant" (German: oranger Riese, French: géant orange, Italian: gigante arancio).
Vahid Amiri
Vahid Amiri (Persian: وحید امیری; born 2 April 1988) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays mainly as a winger for Persian Gulf Pro League club Foolad. He has also represented Iran national team in the past.

Amiri represented the Iran at the 2015 and 2019 AFC Asian Cups and also the 2018 FIFA World Cup. He predominantly plays as a left winger but can play in all attacking positions.

2017–18 Persian Gulf Pro League
The 2017–18 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 35th season of Iran's Football League and 17th as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Persepolis were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2016–17 Azadegan League: Pars Jonoubi Jam as champions and Sepidrood. The league started on 27 July 2017 and ended on 27 April 2018. Persepolis won the Pro League title for the fourth time in their history, a total 11th Iranian title.
Plicosepalus acaciae
Plicosepalus acaciae (syn. Loranthus acaciae), the acacia strap flower, is a species of hemiparasitic flowering plant in the family Loranthaceae. It is native to northeastern Africa, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula. As its common and scientific names suggest, it parasitizes acacias; Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana (formerly Acacia raddiana) and V. t. subsp. tortilis (formerly A. tortilis). It seeds are dispersed by the white-spectacled bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthopygos).

Vachellia tortilis
Vachellia tortilis, widely known as Acacia tortilis but now attributed to the genus Vachellia in the Fabaceae subfamily Mimosoideae, is the umbrella thorn acacia,  also known as umbrella thorn and Israeli babool, a medium to large canopied tree native to most of Africa, primarily to the savanna and Sahel of Africa (especially the Somali peninsula and Sudan), but also occurring in the Middle East.
Kevin McStay
Kevin McStay (born 9 May 1962) is an Irish Gaelic football manager, commentator, analyst and former player.

Educated at St Jarlath's College in Tuam during the 1970s, McStay played for the school team. In retirement from playing, McStay became an analyst and co-commentator with The Sunday Game; however, he remained involved as a manager and coach. He was manager of Roscommon between 2015 and 2018 and of his native Mayo county team between 2022 and 2025.

2017 Connacht Senior Football Championship
The 2017 Connacht Senior Football Championship was the 118th installment of the annual Connacht Senior Football Championship organised by Connacht GAA. It is one of the four provincial competitions of the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Defending champions from 2016, Galway were dethroned by Roscommon, who won their first Connacht title since 2010.
Battle of Sjenica (1941)
The Battle of Sjenica took place between attacking forces of Yugoslav Partisans on one side and defending forces of the Sandžak Muslim militia and town's militsiya (Serbs and Muslims) in Sjenica, on the territory of the Italian governorate of Montenegro.

Sjenica
Sjenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сјеница, pronounced [sjɛ̌nitsa]) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of southwestern Serbia, on the vast Sjenica-Pešter plateau and geographically located in the central part of Sandžak. The population of the municipality, according to 2022 census, is 24,083, while the town has a population of 12,989.

In terms of area (1,059 km2), Sjenica is 11th largest municipality in Serbia. A multi-ethnic environment where Bosniaks, Serbs, Albanians, Montenegrins, Turks, Romani and others live in it.

According to the level of development of local self-government units for the year 2014, the municipality of Sjenica belongs to the fourth group consisting of 44 extremely underdeveloped local self-government units whose level of development is below 60% of the national average.
Mixed Doubles Prague Trophy
The WCT Mixed Doubles Prague Trophy is an annual mixed doubles curling tournament on the ISS Mixed Doubles World Curling Tour. It is held annually at the Curling Arena Prague in Prague, Czech Republic.

The purse for the event is € 3,350 and its event categorization is 300 (highest calibre is 1000). The winning team wins € 1,450 with second place receiving € 900, third receiving € 600 and fourth earning € 400.

As the event is run in April, it attracts many top international mixed doubles teams due to its proximity to the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships which are held a few weeks after. In 2024, fifteen countries were represented across twenty-four teams.

The event began in 2022.

Doubles curling
Doubles curling (most commonly seen as mixed doubles) is a variation of the sport of curling with only two players on each team.  Mixed doubles is the most common format of doubles curling, where the term 'mixed' specifies that each team is composed of one man and one woman. The term mixed is also used to describe a specific format of 4-person team curling where the team consists of two men and two women and the throwing order alternates genders, see mixed team.

With its smaller teams and quicker games, doubles curling has provided an opportunity for more countries to participate in international competition. At the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Championship 48 of the 61 World Curling member countries were represented, including the first international curling competition for Kosovo, Ukraine, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico.
2015 Players' Championship
The 2015 Players' Championship was held from April 7 to 12 at the Mattamy Athletic Centre in Toronto, Ontario. It was the fifth and final Grand Slam of the 2014–15 World Curling Tour.

Sault Ste. Marie's Brad Jacobs rink won their first men's title, while Scotland's Eve Muirhead rink won their second women's title.

Players' Championship
The Players' Championship, currently known as the AMJ Players' Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the final event of the Grand Slam of Curling tour, and is formerly the championship of the World Curling Tour season.

From 2016 to 2019, it was the penultimate slam of the curling season, and the last of the four "majors". The event was one of the original Grand Slam events when they were instituted in the 2001–02 season for men and for the 2005–06 season for women.
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis is a state in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis).

Carbon dioxide is produced continuously as the body's cells respire, and this CO2 will accumulate rapidly if the lungs do not adequately expel it through alveolar ventilation. Alveolar hypoventilation thus leads to an increased pCO2 (a condition called hypercapnia). The increase in pCO2 in turn decreases the HCO−3/pCO2 ratio and decreases pH.

Acidosis
Acidosis is a biological process producing hydrogen ions and increasing their concentration in blood or body fluids. pH is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration and so it is decreased by a process of acidosis.