hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alpheus Michael Bowman
Alpheus Michael Bowman (January 11, 1847 – August 2, 1913) was an American politician and businessman. He was a prominent figure in the ranching and livestock industry, either belonging to or serving in important positions, on various business associations. His involvement in these organizations included promoting improved livestock breeding and preserving records of pedigrees. He also had a successful political career as one of the top consultants in the Democratic Party, serving on the executive and financial committees up until the turn of the 20th century.

He was a grandson of Kentucky frontiersman Isaac Bowman, as well as direct descendant of early Virginia pioneers Jost Hite and George Bowman, Sr.

George Bowman (pioneer)
George Bowman (10 February 1699 – 2 March 1768) was an 18th-century American pioneer, landowner and a prominent fighter against Native Americans in Virginia Colony. He, along with his father-in-law Jost Hite, was one of the first to explore and settle Shenandoah Valley.  His estate, on which Fort Bowman was founded, was one of the earliest homes to be built in Shenandoah Valley and is the site of present-day Strasburg, Virginia.

Four of his sons, Joseph, Isaac, Abraham and Johannes, also became well-known frontiersmen in Kentucky during the late 1770s. His great-grandson, John Bryan Bowman founded Kentucky University and Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky.  Their older brother,  Jacob,  was also a famous American pioneer.
Haupt Nunatak
Haupt Nunatak (66°35′S 110°41′E﻿ / ﻿66.583°S 110.683°E﻿ / -66.583; 110.683) is a small nunatak 5 nautical miles (9 km) south of the Alexander Nunataks, at the east side of the lower reaches of Vanderford Glacier in Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Ensign Richard W. Haupt, U.S. Navy, an assistant hydrographic officer with U.S. Navy Operation Windmill 1947–48, who assisted the shore parties which established astronomical control stations from Wilhelm II Coast to Budd Coast.

Alexander Nunataks
The Alexander Nunataks (66°30′S 110°39′E﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 110.650°E﻿ / -66.500; 110.650) are two coastal nunataks at the southern limit of the Windmill Islands, standing on the shore of Penney Bay 0.4 nautical miles (0.7 km) east of the base of the Browning Peninsula. They were first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Photographer's Mate H.N. Alexander, a member of one of the two Operation Windmill photographic units that obtained air and ground photos of the area in January 1948.
Kirk Windstein
Kirk Michael Windstein (born April 14, 1965) is an American musician. He is the frontman, vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and sole constant member of the sludge metal band Crowbar. He is also a founding member of the heavy metal supergroup Down, playing guitar with them from 1991 to 2013 and later rejoining the band in 2020. In 2005, Windstein formed Kingdom of Sorrow with Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed. Their debut album was released in 2008. He has also released two solo albums.

Windstein began his musical career in 1985 as a guitarist for a cover band called Victorian Blitz, and in 1988 joined a hardcore punk band called Shell Shock as a vocalist and guitarist.

3 Watch It Go
3 Watch It Go is the third home video by American heavy metal band Pantera. It was released on VHS through Elektra Records on November 11, 1997. The video features band footage and includes music videos for "Planet Caravan", "I'm Broken" and "5 Minutes Alone" from the studio album Far Beyond Driven (1994), and for "Drag the Waters" from The Great Southern Trendkill (1996). It won a 1997 Metal Edge Readers' Choice Award for Best Video Cassette.

3 Watch It Go was re-released on DVD, along with the two previous home videos of the band (Cowboys from Hell: The Videos and Vulgar Video), in the form of 3 Vulgar Videos from Hell.
Agemochi
Agemochi (揚げ餅) is a popular Japanese snack food made from fried mochi (sticky rice). The dry mochi is broken into small pieces, about 1 cm cubed, and deep fried. The pieces then puff up. It is usually eaten lightly salted, but also various flavoured versions are made, such as shichimi agemochi, which is agemochi covered with shichimi seasoning. Agemochi can be purchased over most of Japan, and is also a common home-made snack.

Mochi
Mochi (/ˈmoʊtʃiː/ MOH-chee; Japanese もち, 餅 [motɕi] ⓘ) is a Japanese rice cake made of mochigome (もち米), a short-grain japonica glutinous rice, and sometimes other ingredients such as water, sugar, and cornstarch. The steamed rice is pounded into paste and molded into the desired shape. In Japan, it is traditionally made in a ceremony called mochitsuki (餅搗き). While eaten year-round, mochi is a traditional food for the Japanese New Year, and is commonly sold and eaten during that time.

Mochi is made up of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, and water. Mochi has a varied structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. In terms of starch content, the rice used for mochi is very low in amylose and has a high amylopectin level, producing a gel-like consistency. The protein content of the japonica rice used to make mochi is higher than that of standard short-grain rice.

Mochi is similar to dango, which is made with rice flour instead of pounded rice grains.
Ky Fan inequality (game theory)
In game theory, the Ky Fan inequality or Ky Fan minimax inequality is a result used to establish the existence of equilibria in various games, particularly in economics and mathematical analysis. It was introduced in Ky Fan's 1972 paper, "A minimax inequality and its applications", and is closely related to the Brouwer fixed-point theorem, though often more convenient for proving equilibrium results.

The inequality applies to functions defined on compact, convex subsets of vector spaces and provides a condition under which a minimax-type inequality holds. It is frequently used in the analysis of non-cooperative games, variational inequalities, and general equilibrium models.

General equilibrium theory
In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium. General equilibrium theory contrasts with the theory of partial equilibrium, which analyzes a specific part of an economy while its other factors are held constant.

General equilibrium theory both studies economies using the model of equilibrium pricing and seeks to determine in which circumstances the assumptions of general equilibrium will hold. The theory dates to the 1870s, particularly the work of French economist Léon Walras in his pioneering 1874 work Elements of Pure Economics. The theory reached its modern form with the work of Lionel W. McKenzie (Walrasian theory), Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu (Hicksian theory) in the 1950s.
Hydaspes (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Hydaspes (Ancient Greek: Ὑδάσπης), was a river god of Pentapotamia with an extraordinary swift stream that flows into the Saronitic Syrtis. It is the modern day Jhelum River ("Vitasta" in Sanskrit).

Nonnus
Nonnus of Panopolis (Ancient Greek: Νόννος ὁ Πανοπολίτης, Nónnos ho Panopolítēs, fl. 5th century AD) was the most notable Greek epic poet of the Imperial Roman era. He was a native of Panopolis (Akhmim) in the Egyptian Thebaid and probably lived in the 5th century AD. He is known as the composer of the Dionysiaca, an epic tale of the god Dionysus, and of the Metabole, a paraphrase of the Gospel of John. The epic Dionysiaca describes the life of Dionysus, his expedition to India, and his triumphant return. It was written in Homeric Greek and in dactylic hexameter, and it consists of 48 books at 20,426 lines.
ASV Hamm-Westfalen
ASV Hamm-Westfalen e.V. is a handball club from Hamm in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. They play in 2. Handball-Bundesliga, the second highest division of German handball, after relegation from the Handball-Bundesliga in the 2022-23 season. The club play their home matches at Westpress Arena.

Handball-Bundesliga
The Handball-Bundesliga (HBL), currently known as Daikin Handball-Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is the top German professional handball league. From 2007 to 2012, the league was sponsored by Toyota and was officially called the Toyota Handball-Bundesliga. In 2012 the Deutsche Kreditbank AG (DKB) became the new sponsor. As of 2024, the latest league sponsor is Daikin and the official name has consequently been changed to Daikin Handball-Bundesliga. The winners of the respective season are the official German handball champions.
The HBL is headquartered in Dortmund.
Wigsthorpe
Wigsthorpe is a hamlet in the civil parish of Lilford-cum-Wigsthorpe in the North Northamptonshire district of Northamptonshire, England. It lies to the south of the town of Oundle and the village of Barnwell.

Attested in 1232 as Wykingethorp, the name is believed to mean "Outlying farmstead or hamlet of a man called Vikingr".

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
Ahrue Luster
Ahrue Ilustre (born September 17, 1968), commonly known as Ahrue Luster, is an American guitarist. He is a current guitarist of heavy metal band Lions at the Gate and was the lead guitarist for the Ill Niño. He is also a former guitarist for Machine Head, as well as Manmade God and a Bay Area thrash metal act called The Horde of Torment, who were originally called "Pestilence" but had to change their name because another Pestilence had signed to Roadrunner Records.

In 2015, Luster joined the horror metal band Terror Universal founded by Ill Niño drummer Dave Chavarri. He produced Motograter's second studio album, Desolation, which was released in August 2017. In September 2019, Nonpoint announced Luster would be their touring lead guitarist for their upcoming tour.

Dave Chavarri
Dave Chavarri is a Peruvian American musician and the founder, producer, manager, and drummer for the metal bands Ill Niño and Terror Universal. He is also the former drummer for Pro-Pain, M.O.D., Merauder, Lȧȧz Rockit, and Gothic Slam. He is the owner of entertainment company C.I.A Management, whose roster includes Ill Niño, Terror Universal, and others.
40 Marsh Wall
51°30′04″N 0°01′24″W﻿ / ﻿51.50117°N 0.023261°W﻿ / 51.50117; -0.023261

Novotel London Canary Wharf also known as 40 Marsh Wall is a 127 m (419 ft), 39-storey hotel in the Isle of Dogs, London, just south of the financial district of Canary Wharf. It was designed by BUJ Architects for AccorHotels as one of the company's Novotel hotels and has 313 rooms. It is the tallest all-hotel building in the United Kingdom and the tallest Novotel in the world.

Construction began in July 2014, costing an estimated £60 million.

Planning permission was granted for the hotel in November 2010 by Tower Hamlets Council. It replaces an office building of six-storeys and 43,768 sq ft which was formerly on the site.

Novotel
Novotel is a French midscale hotel brand owned by Accor. Created in 1967 in France, the company grew into what became the Accor group in 1983, and Novotel remained a pillar brand of Accor's multi-brand strategy. Novotel manages 559 hotels in 65 countries (2021). Since 2010, Novotel also includes the apartment hotel brand Novotel Suites.
Charles Yale Knight
Charles Yale Knight (1868 – 1940) was an entrepreneur and inventor of the sleeve valve technology. His Knight engines would be used in the early cars, British tanks, and British aircraft. Customers included Henry Ford's competitor, John Willys and his company, Willys–Overland Motors, second largest car manufacturer after Ford Motor, as well as by Daimler, Mercedes, Peugeot and others. He was a millionaire by the time he was 44 years of age, in 1912.

Atlas-Knight Automobile Company
The Atlas car was built in Springfield, Massachusetts from 1907 to 1911 (and became the Atlas-Knight for 1912–1913).

After Harry Knox left the company that had been building Knox cars in Springfield, he established the Knox Motor Truck Company in 1905 to produce Atlas commercial vehicles.  His former partners at his previous firm took him to court over the name.  After he was forbidden from using the Knox name, he formed the Atlas Motor Car Company in late 1907.
St Mary Coslany
St Mary Coslany is a historic parish church located on St Mary's Plain in the Coslany area of Norwich, Norfolk. It is situated between Oak Street and Pitt Street, occupying a slightly elevated position on a low ridge north of the historically marshy area known as the Muspol. The church is notable for being the only surviving medieval round-tower church in the city of Norwich; while the tower of St Benedict's remains as a ruin and St Julian's is a modern reconstruction, St Mary's tower stands intact alongside its nave. The church is believed to be of Saxon origin, predating the Norman Conquest, serving the early settlement of Coslany. Records confirm the church was in existence by at least 1175 to 1186.

Much of the church's history regarding its internal furnishings and liturgical goods during the English Reformation is recorded in a certificate and inventory dated 4 October 1552 (6 Edward VI), which was presented to the Bishop of Norwich and royal commissioners.

St Benedict's Church, Norwich
St Benedict's Church, Norwich is a Grade I listed Anglican former parish church in Norwich, Norfolk, England. The round-tower church is medieval and probably dates from the 11th century, undergoing a series of phases of construction and refurbishment. It was badly damaged in an air raid in 1942 and the only part still standing is the round tower. It is dedicated to Saint Benedict.
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco Iturralde (15 June 1806 – 16 September 1873) was a Peruvian politician and military leader who served as the President of Peru from 1843 to 1844. He was born in Lima, Peru. He led part of the Peruvian forces in the campaign against the reunification of Peru-Bolivian Confederacy.

During the second administration of Agustín Gamarra, he was appointed prefect of Arequipa. In 1843, he rebelled against Juan Francisco de Vidal, but was defeated and fled to Bolivia. He returned to Peru then and subsequently became president in 1843 under the title "Supreme Director of the Republic".

In the name of president Juan Antonio Pezet he signed the Vivanco–Pareja Treaty on 27 January 1865, which was one cause of the Chincha Islands War. From April to September 1865, he served as Prime Minister of Peru. He also served as Peruvian representative in Chile.

Juan Francisco de Vidal
Juan Francisco de Vidal La Hoz (April 2, 1800 in Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru – September 23, 1863 in Lima) served as the 8th President of Peru for a brief period between 1842 and 1843. Juan Francisco also helped with creating a certain version of laws for the rights of citizens.
Hélder Barbosa
Hélder Jorge Leal Rodrigues Barbosa (born 25 May 1987) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a left winger.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 148 matches and 19 goals, mainly for Braga (three seasons) and Académica (two). He also played for teams in Spain, Greece, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey.

All youth levels comprised, Barbosa won 77 caps for Portugal. He made his senior debut in 2012.

2014–15 Football League (Greece)
The 2014–15 Football League is the second division of the Greek professional football system and the fifth season under the name Football League after previously being known as Beta Ethniki. This is the second season since 1982–83, and the third season overall, that the league has more than one group. The groups are created based on geographical criteria.
Still Caught Up
Still Caught Up is the fifth album by R&B musician Millie Jackson, issued by Spring Records in 1975. It includes the single, "Loving Arms" / "Leftovers."  A sequel to Jackson's previous album, Caught Up, which told the story of a woman having an affair with a married man, Still Caught Up reprises its themes of adultery and recrimination. Where Side A of Caught Up featured Jackson singing from the mistress' point of view and Side B from the jilted wife's point of view, Still Caught Up begins with the wife on Side A and concludes with the mistress on Side B.

The Lonesome Rhodes
Sandy and Donna Rhodes are American singers and songwriters who have performed and recorded country music, and were also backing singers on many R&B records made in Memphis, Tennessee, particularly in the 1970s.  Coming from a musical family that also included their father "Dusty" Rhodes and uncles "Slim" and "Speck" Rhodes, they recorded as a duo in the 1960s, first as The Rhodes Sisters and later as The Lonesome Rhodes.  They also recorded, on their own account and as session musicians, with Sandy's then-husband Charles Chalmers as Rhodes Chalmers Rhodes (RCR).  Sandy and Donna have continued to record and perform with family members and associates as The Rhodes Show, which was also the name of the family's earlier radio and television program.
Murray Hill Theatre (Broadway)
The Murray Hill Theatre was a Broadway theatre located on Lexington Avenue between East 41st and 42nd streets in Manhattan, New York City. It operated as a legitimate theatre for plays, musicals, and operas until it became a part of the Columbia Amusement Company's chain of burlesque theaters in 1908. The theatre was acquired by the motion picture empire of Marcus Loew, and re-opened as a movie theatre,  Loew's 42nd Street Theatre, in 1917. It continued to operate as a movie theatre until it was demolished in 1951.

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
Aviation Traders Carvair
The Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair is a retired  air ferry conversion developed by Freddie Laker's Aviation Traders (Engineering) Limited (ATL). Based on the Douglas DC-4, it has a capacity of 22 passengers in a rear cabin, and five cars loaded in at the front. It is powered by four radial engines.

Flight International
Flight International, formerly Flight, is a monthly magazine focused on aerospace. Published in the United Kingdom and founded in 1909 as "A Journal devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport", it is the world's oldest continuously published aviation news magazine.

Flight International is published by DVV Media Group. Competitors include Jane's Information Group and Aviation Week. Former editors of, and contributors include H. F. King, Bill Gunston, John W. R. Taylor and David Learmount.
Uibes
Uibes (also ǀUibes and Uibis) is an unproclaimed settlement of about 500 people in the Hardap Region in southern central Namibia. It is situated on Hudup River 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Mariental on the gravel road between Gibeon and Maltahöhe and belongs to the Daweb electoral constituency.

Maltahöhe
Maltahöhe is a village in southern central Namibia close to the Swartrand escarpment, about 110 km west of Mariental in the Hardap Region. It owns about 17,000 hectares of land and had 3,464 inhabitants in 2023. Maltahöhe is the administrative centre of Daweb Constituency.
2022 in Denmark
Events in the year 2022 in Denmark.

The year was dominated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Denmark took in Ukrainian refugees fleeing the invasion of their country. Danish government sent foreign aid to Ukraine, and condemned and sanctioned Russia for waging the war.

As the rest of Europe and in the world, Denmark continued to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and Deltacron hybrid variant, but much less so than in January 2020 and February 2022. The 2021–2023 inflation surge led to increased prices on many goods. 2022 Danish general election took place on 1 November.

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
Flint, Flintshire
Flint (Welsh: Y Fflint) is a town and community in Flintshire, Wales, lying on the estuary of the River Dee. It is the former county town of Flintshire. According to the 2011 Census, the population of the community of Flint was 12,953, increasing to 13,732 at the 2021 census. The urban area including Holywell and Bagillt had a population of 26,442.

Holywell, Flintshire
Holywell (/ˈhɒliwɛl/ HOLL-ee-wel; Welsh: Treffynnon) is a market town and community in Flintshire, Wales. It lies to the west of the estuary of the River Dee. The community includes Greenfield. In 2011, it had a population of 8,886.
Thetford, Lincolnshire
Thetford is a hamlet and farm in the civil parish of Baston in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.

Although Thetford has shrunken to a single farmhouse and associated outbuildings, this was once a manor of Spalding Priory with its own chapel. There are records of ministers being installed in 1529 and 1539. The present house and barn are Grade II listed buildings.

Thetford lies north of the village of Baston and to the south of the River Glen. It is on the line of the Car Dyke, a ditch or catchwater drain dating to the time of the Roman occupation, which is regarded as the western boundary of The Fens. The A15 road, that crosses the Glen at Kate's Bridge, runs less than 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Thetford.

River Glen, Lincolnshire
The River Glen is a river in Lincolnshire, England with a short stretch passing through Rutland near Essendine.

The river's name appears to derive from a Brythonic Celtic language but there is a strong early English connection.