hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bolków
Bolków [ˈbɔlkuf] (German: Bolkenhain) is a town in Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Bolków and part of the Neisse-Nysa-Nisa Euroregion.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Pilpul
Pilpul (Hebrew: פלפול, loosely meaning 'sharp analysis'; from  פִּלְפֵּל (pilpel) 'pepper') is a method of studying the Talmud through intense textual analysis in attempts to either explain conceptual differences between various halakhic rulings or to reconcile any apparent contradictions presented from various readings of different texts. The word pilpul has entered English as a colloquialism used by some to indicate extreme disputation or casuistic hairsplitting.

Brisker method
The Brisker method, or Brisker derech, is a reductionistic approach to Talmud study innovated by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk (Brest, Belarus), as opposed to the traditional approach which was rather holistic. It has since become popular and spread to yeshivas worldwide. The Brisker method is also known as the "conceptual" approach to Talmud study and is often referred to simply as lomdus (lit. "analytical study").
See Yeshiva § Talmud study.
Kirkburton branch
The Kirkburton branch was a railway branch in West Yorkshire, England. The line was built by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in the 1860s, the only LNWR branch line in the Huddersfield area, although originally, the intention had been to link Kirkburton with Clayton West and through to Barnsley, but this never came to fruition. The line opened to traffic in 1867, and was closed to passengers in 1930. Freight carried on using the branch until 1965. A second railway station for Deighton was opened in 1982 on the main running line between Huddersfield and Mirfield. The removal of passenger services along the branch was down to low passenger numbers; the railway ran along the valley floor and most of the populated areas were high up on the valley sides.

Heaton Lodge Junction
Heaton Lodge Junction is a railway junction on the Trans-Pennine line, which connects Manchester Piccadilly with Leeds via Huddersfield, and the Calder Valley Line through Sowerby Bridge to Wakefield. The line and junctions were historically important as they connected the industrialised areas of Lancashire and Yorkshire.
Corrigan Lake (Thunder Bay District)
Corrigan Lake is a lake in the municipality of Greenstone, Thunder Bay District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, lies in the geographic townships of Sandra and Irwin, and is the source of Corrigan Creek.

The main inflow is an unnamed creek at the east. The major outflow, at the west, is Corrigan Creek, which flows via the Namewaminikan River, Lake Nipigon and the Nipigon River to Lake Superior.

Lake Nipigon
Lake Nipigon (/ˈnɪpɪɡɒn/ NIP-ih-gon; French: lac Nipigon; Ojibwe: Animbiigoo-zaaga'igan) is a freshwater lake in Northwestern Ontario. Part of the Great Lakes drainage basin, it drains through the Nipigon River into Lake Superior. It is the largest lake entirely within the Canadian province of Ontario.
Trujillo Province (Venezuela)
Trujillo Province (1831–1864) was a province in the Zulia Department of Gran Colombia, and later one of the Provinces of Venezuela, after it split from Maracaibo Province in 1831 following the independence of Venezuela in 1830.

Maracaibo Province (Venezuela)
Maracaibo Province was a historical region of Venezuela that corresponds roughtly to the actual Zulia State.

The eighteenth century geographer Antonio de Alcedo mentions Maracaibo as one of the cities of the Venezuela Province, a jurisdiction of the vice-royalty of New Grenade.

In 1777, the Crown of Castile reforms its American territories among which that of the contemporary Venezuela. The creation of the Capitania General of Venezuela englobes Cumana, Maracaibo, Guayana, Trinidad and Margarita that is an important portion of the Caribbean region of the vice-royalty of New Grenade.

In 1812, in the Cortes de Cadiz, the province of Maracaibo is represented by José Domingo de las Nieves Rus y Ortega de Azarraullía. Later on, the jurisdiction will be renamed Zulia Department until 1830 when it integrates de bolivarian Gran Colombia.

In 1864 the area was named Maracaibo State, which shortly after was renamed to Sovereign State of Zulia and in 1874 Zulia State.
Salvinorin
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs.  Several salvinorins have been isolated from Salvia divinorum.  They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects.

Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized.

Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.
Lepakshi
Lepakshi is a village in the Sri Sathya Sai district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located 15 km (9.3 miles) east of Hindupur, 82 km (51 miles) west of Kadiri and 120 km (75 mi) north of Bangalore. The Veerabhadra Temple is located in the village.

Kadiri
Kadiri is a major city in Sri Sathya Sai District the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a Special Grade Municipal City Council and headquarters of Kadiri Mandal and Kadiri Revenue Division. Kadiri Taluka ('Mandalam') was the largest taluk in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Kadiri is known for its jasmine and saffron flowers. Kadiri saffron is widely sold in Andhra and Karnataka. The Sri Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy Temple is reminiscent of Kadiri to the people of Karnataka, Telangana And Tamil Nadu. The name of Kadiri has also some interesting past. The town was initially named as Khadripuram (Telugu: ఖాద్రీపురం) as khadara plants were found in the surrounding forests.
Cheirothricidae
Cheirothricidae is a family of extinct marine ray-finned fish, perhaps belonging to the Aulopiformes, although they are tentatively placed as indeterminate eurypterygians. They lived during the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian - Campanian, about 95 - 71 million years ago) and their fossil remains are found in the Middle East and Europe. They were characterized by very expanded even fins.

Cheirothrix
Cheirothrix (meaning "hand hair") is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish from the Late Cretaceous. It is named for its enlarged pectoral fins, which show close convergence with modern flying fish.
Guepiniopsis alpina
Guepiniopsis alpina, commonly known as the jelly cup, alpine jelly cone, or poor man's gumdrop, is a species of fungus in the family Dacrymycetaceae. The small, gelatinous fruit bodies are orange and cone- or cup-shaped, producing a yellowish spore print.

Found in western North America and Iran, the fungus grows on decaying conifer wood. It is of little to no culinary interest.

Dacrymycetaceae
The Dacrymycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Dacrymycetales. Species are saprotrophs and occur on dead wood. Their distribution is worldwide. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are ceraceous (waxy) to gelatinous, often yellow to orange, and variously clavarioid, disc-shaped, cushion-shaped, spathulate (spoon-shaped), or corticioid (effused).

Genera in the Dacrymycetaceae have traditionally been differentiated on basidiocarp morphology, in later years following the monographs of New Zealand mycologist Robert McNabb. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has however shown that morphology is not a good indicator of natural relationships. To date, only the recently described genus Dendrodacrys is monophyletic. The remaining genera await further research.
2019 Kunming Open
The 2019 Kunming Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the eighth (ATP) and second (WTA) edition of the tournament and part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 WTA 125K series respectively. It took place in Anning, China, from 15–28 April 2019.

Kunming Open
The Kunming Open (formerly known as the ATP China International Tennis Challenge – Anning and the Anning Open) is a tennis tournament held in Anning, China. The event started in 2012 for the men, in 2014 for the women as an ITF Tour event , and in 2018 as a WTA 125 event, joining the ATP Challenger Tour. It was cancelled in 2020 due to the Coronavirus outbreak.
The event was part of the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour and the Women's Tour in 2023 and 2024 and was played on clay courts.
International School of Management Excellence
International School of Management Excellence (ISME) is a business school in India. The institute is located in Bangalore and  was founded in 2006 by K. G. Garg. ISME is privately-held and run by NVT Quality Education Trust. The institution is approved by All India Council for Technical Education and has academic partnership with University of North Carolina, USA, Thunderbird School of Management, Arizona State University, USA, FHWS, Germany, University of New Castle, Australia, Singapore Institute of Management, Singapore,  MDIS, Singapore.

This business school has set up an International Advisory Council for student exchanges, global faculty engagement, and research collaborations.

Bachelor of Business Administration
A Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is an undergraduate degree in business administration awarded by colleges and universities after completion of four years and typically 120 credits of undergraduate study in the fundamentals of business administration.
National Trade Unions Confederation
The National Trade Unions Confederation (NTUC) is a national trade union center in Mauritius.

The two primary affiliates of NTUC are the Federation of Civil Service Unions, and the Organization of Artisans' Unity.

NTUC is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; French: Confédération syndicale international, CSI; German: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB; Spanish: Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI) is the world's largest trade union federation.
Louis Fles
Levie Jacob "Louis" Fles (19 October 1872 – 24 May 1940) was a Dutch businessman, activist and author. He is best known for writing and broadcasting against Zionism, Nazism, and organized religion. A self-described freethinker, Fles was a vocal supporter of Humanism and Jewish assimilation. His relationship with the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party was  more problematic. While he generally supported the ideals of socialism, he wrote extensively about his disagreements with the party as well. After a life filled with personal tragedy and devotion to political and social activism, Fles committed suicide in May 1940, only a few weeks after the German occupation of the Netherlands.

Henri Polak
Henri Polak (22 February 1868 – 18 February 1943) was a Dutch trade unionist and politician. Polak is best remembered as a longtime president of the General Diamond Workers' Union of the Netherlands (ANDB) and as a founder of the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1894. Targeted as a Jew, a marxist, and a trade unionist, Polak was arrested by the Nazis in 1940 but died early in 1943 before he could be deported.
Nothing (opera)
Nothing is a two-act opera by the British composer David Bruce to a libretto by Glyn Maxwell, based on the award-winning novel of the same name by Janne Teller.

The opera was co-commissioned by the Royal Opera House, London, and Glyndebourne. The original production, directed by Bijan Sheibani, premiered at Glyndebourne in February 2016, featuring Glyndebourne Youth Opera and Southbank Sinfonia. The performances were conducted by Sian Edwards.

Glyndebourne
Glyndebourne (/ˈɡlaɪndbɔːrn/) is an English country house, the site of an opera house that, since 1934, has been the venue for the annual Glyndebourne Festival Opera. The house, near Lewes in East Sussex, is thought to be about six hundred years old and is listed at Grade II.
Enoplomischus
Enoplomischus is a genus of African jumping spiders that was first described by L. Giltay in 1931. It has a large, spike-like process on its pedicel that probably mimics a similar spike present in the anterior part of the abdomen of Odontomachus ants after which these spiders seem to be modeled.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Flo & Eddie (album)
Flo & Eddie is the second album from Flo & Eddie. After being out of print since the 1970s, it was released on CD for the first time in 2008 in a package that includes their first album, The Phlorescent Leech & Eddie (1972).

The album was produced by Bob Ezrin, who was the producer for Alice Cooper. The album was made to accompany the Alice Cooper Billion Dollar Babies world tour in 1973–74, for which Flo & Eddie were the opening act.

Billion Dollar Babies
Billion Dollar Babies is the sixth studio album by American rock band Alice Cooper, released on February 27, 1973. The album became the best selling Alice Cooper record at the time of its release, hitting number one on the album charts in the United States and the United Kingdom, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.

The album has been retrospectively praised by such critics as Robert Christgau, Greg Prato of AllMusic, and Jason Thompson of PopMatters, but The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004) gave the album only two and a half stars.

Songs were recorded in both the state of Connecticut and London, England. Lyrics cover topics and themes such as necrophilia, dental fear, horror, and sexual harassment.
NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement
The NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA) is the universal NATO common civil/military treaty to regulate the military access to the radio frequency spectrum in the range of 14 kHz to 100 GHz in peacetime, during exercises, in times of crisis, and in military operations. This document has been the basis for the frequency utilisation in NATO-Europe since 1982. Nations and organisations, e.g. partnership for peace countries, are invited to participate as deemed to be necessary.

The national representatives of the frequency sovereignty agree unanimous to changes of the NJFA, in line to decisions of World Radiocommunication Conferences, operational requirement of the armed forces, and technical developments. However, the provision of "Article 38 of the International Telecommunication Convention, Nairobi 1982" remains untouched.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612, adopted unanimously on 26 July 2005, after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1314 (2000), 1325 (2000), 1379 (2001), 1460 (2003) and 1539 (2004), the council established a monitoring and reporting mechanism on the use of child soldiers.

More than 50 governments and rebel groups would be monitored after the passing of the resolution.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1539
United Nations Security Council resolution 1539, adopted unanimously on 22 April 2004, after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1314 (2000), 1325 (2000), 1379 (2001) and 1460 (2003), the council condemned the use of child soldiers and asked the Secretary-General to devise a monitoring mechanism.

The resolution marked the first time the council had broadened the protection framework by identifying other categories of violations against children.
RAF Intelligence
Intelligence services in the Royal Air Force are delivered by officers of the Royal Air Force Intelligence Branch and airmen from the Intelligence Analyst Trade and Intelligence Analyst (Voice) Trade.  The specialisation has around 1,200 personnel of all ranks posted to operational air stations, HQs and other establishments of the British Armed Forces, both in the United Kingdom and overseas.

Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)
Human intelligence (HUMINT, pronounced /ˈhjuːmɪnt/ HEW-mint) is intelligence-gathering by means of human sources and interpersonal communication. It is distinct from more technical intelligence-gathering disciplines, such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT) and measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT). HUMINT can be conducted in a variety of ways, including via espionage, reconnaissance, interrogation, and witness interviews. Although associated with military and intelligence agencies, HUMINT can also apply in various civilian sectors such as law enforcement.
Multipath TCP
Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is an ongoing effort of the Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF) Multipath TCP working group, that aims at allowing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection to use multiple paths to maximize throughput and increase redundancy.

In January 2013, the IETF published the Multipath specification as an Experimental standard in RFC 6824. It was replaced in March 2020 by the Multipath TCP v1 specification in RFC 8684.

Link layer
In computer networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the group of methods and communications protocols confined to the link that a host is physically connected to. The link is the physical and logical network component used to interconnect hosts or nodes in the network, and a link protocol is a suite of methods and standards that operate only between adjacent network nodes of a network segment.

Despite the different semantics of layering between the Internet protocol suite and OSI model, the link layer is sometimes described as a combination of the OSI's data link layer (layer 2) and physical layer (layer 1).

The link layer is described in RFC 1122 and RFC 1123. RFC 1122 considers local area network protocols such as Ethernet and other IEEE 802 networks (e.g. Wi-Fi), and framing protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to belong to the link layer.
Mambet Koigeldiev
Mambet Kulzhabayuly Koigeldiev (Kazakh: Мәмбет Құлжабайұлы Қойгелдиев, Mämbet Qūljabaıūly Qoigeldiev; born 18 August 1947) is a Kazakh historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, Full Member of the Kazakhstan National Academy of Science. He also serves as a President of Association of Historians of Kazakhstan He specializes in Alash Orda, Alash movement.

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakh: Әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ ұлттық университеті), also called KazNU or KazGU, is a national research university located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Named after philosopher and scholar al-Farabi, it is one of the country's largest universities.

KazNU is Kazakhstan's oldest classical university. It was established on November 13, 1933 by a resolution from the Soviet Communist Party's Kazakh Regional Committee. In 2023, KazNU was ranked 150th in the world by the QS World University Rankings.

In 2001, KazNU was classified as a "national" university by the government of Kazakhstan. More than 20,000 students study at KazNU, and there are more than 2,500 faculty members working there, including professors, associate professors, 400 Doctors of Science, and more than 800 Candidates of Science.

In 2021, KazNU was named one of the Top 500 Universities in the World.
University of St. La Salle
The University of St. La Salle (USLS) is a Catholic private research university run by the De La Salle Brothers, located in La Salle Avenue, Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Established in 1952 as La Salle College - Bacolod, it is the second oldest campus founded by the congregation in the country (first and oldest outside of Manila).  The university is a member of De La Salle Philippines, a network established in 2006 comprising 16 Lasallian educational institutions in the Philippine islands. The university offers preschool, elementary, secondary (junior & senior high), undergraduate, and graduate programs. It has nine colleges, namely: Business and Accountancy, Tourism and Hospitality, Engineering, Computing Studies, Arts and Sciences, Education, Nursing, Law, and Medicine.

Governor of Negros Occidental
The governor of Negros Occidental is the local chief executive and head of the Provincial Government of Negros Occidental. Along with the governor of Negros Oriental and the mayor of the highly urbanized city of Bacolod, he serves as one of the chief executives of Negros Island in the Philippines.
Martin Chodúr
Martin Chodúr (born 24 November 1989) is a Czech singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He won the first season of SuperStar in 2009. He has also won a Český slavík award, several Music Web poll awards, and a TýTý Award, among others.

He has released three studio albums: Let's Celebrate (2010), Manifest (2012), 3 (2015), and one Christmas album, Hallelujah (Vánoční písně a koledy) (2018). Chodúr has also written songs for other Czech musicians, including Karel Gott, Hana Zagorová, Monika Absolonová, Daniel Hůlka, and Štefan Margita.

Hana Zagorová
Hana Zagorová (6 September 1946 – 26 August 2022) was a Czech singer, actress and presenter. She recorded music since 1964 and is considered to be one of the most famous Czech singers. She won the national Zlatý slavík music award on nine occasions between 1977 and 1985, the second highest number of victories in the award's history, after Lucie Bílá, who won the successor award, Český slavík, thirteen times.