hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Rorqual (S02)
HMS Rorqual (S02)  was a Porpoise-class submarine launched in 1956. She was built by the Vickers shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The boat was named for both the rorqual, a family of whale, and the earlier Second World War-era submarine of the same name.

HMS Rorqual (N74)
HMS Rorqual (N74) was a British mine-laying submarine, one of the six ships of the Grampus class of the Royal Navy. She was built by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow and launched 27 July 1936. She served in the Second World War in the Mediterranean and in the far east.  She was the only Grampus-class submarine to survive the war, and she is considered the most successful minelaying submarine of World War II, sinking 57,704 GRT of enemy shipping, 35,951 of which through her mines.
Indigenous architecture
Indigenous architecture refers to the study and practice of architecture of, for, and by Indigenous peoples.

This field of study and practice in Australia, Canada, the circumpolar regions, New Zealand, the United States, and many other regions where Indigenous people have a built tradition or aspire translate or to have their cultures translated in the built environment. This has been extended to landscape architecture, planning, placemaking, public art, urban design, and other ways of contributing to the design of built environments. The term usually designates culture-specific architecture: it covers both the vernacular architecture and contemporary or new traditional architecture inspired by the enculture, even when the latter includes features brought from outside.

Goahti
A goahti (Northern Sámi), goahte (Lule Sámi), gåhte (Pite Sámi), gåhtie (Ume Sámi), куэдтҍ (Kildin Sámi), or gåetie (Southern Sámi), (also gábma),  (Norwegian: gamme, Finnish: kota, Swedish: kåta), is a Sámi hut or tent of three types of covering: fabric, peat moss or timber. The fabric-covered goahti looks very similar to a Sami lavvu, but often constructed slightly larger.  In its tent version the goahti is also called a "curved pole" lavvu, or a "bread box" lavvu as the shape is more elongated while the lavvu is in a circular shape.
Bearing surface
A bearing surface in mechanical engineering is the area of contact between two objects. It usually is used in reference to bolted joints and bearings, but can be applied to a wide variety of engineering applications. The choice of bearing surface depends on the application, load, speed, and operating conditions, and the design must be able to withstand high loads, resist wear and corrosion, and operate at high speeds.

On a screw, the bearing area loosely refers to the underside of the head. Strictly speaking, the bearing area refers to the area of the screw head that directly bears on the part being fastened.

For a cylindrical bearing, it is the projected area perpendicular to the applied force.

On a spring, the bearing area refers to the amount of area on the top or bottom surface of the spring in contact with the constraining part.

The ways of machine tools, such as dovetail slides, box ways, prismatic ways, and other types of machine slides are also bearing surfaces.

Bolted joint
A bolted joint is one of the most common elements in construction and machine design. It consists of a male threaded fastener (e. g., a bolt) that captures and joins other parts, secured with a matching female screw thread.  There are two main types of bolted joint designs: tension joints and shear joints.

The selection of the components in a threaded joint is a complex process. Careful consideration is given to many factors such as temperature, corrosion, vibration, fatigue, and initial preload.
5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone is a furanone derived from oxidation of furfural using singlet oxygen. This oxidation is carried out generally in methanol or ethanol with a sensitizer like methylene blue or Rose bengal. The mechanism of this reaction is depicted as below.

2-Furanone
2-Furanone is a heterocyclic organic compound. It is also known as γ-crotonolactone (GCL), as it is formally the lactone derived from γ-hydroxyisocrotonic acid. The chemical is colloquially called "butenolide", and is the parent structure for the butenolide class of compounds. It is a colourless liquid.
Strumiany, Łódź Voivodeship
Strumiany [struˈmjanɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 1 km (1 mi) east of Burzenin, 17 km (11 mi) south of Sieradz, and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Burzenin
Burzenin [buˈʐɛnin] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Burzenin. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) south of Sieradz and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Milan Kohout
Milan Kohout (born 1955) is a Czech-American performance artist, writer, and university lecturer. He was a signatory of the Charter 77 human rights declaration against the communist government of Czechoslovakia.

Charter 77
Charter 77 (Charta 77 in Czech and Slovak) was an informal civic initiative in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic from 1976 to 1992, named after the document Charter 77 from January 1977. Founding members and architects were Jiří Němec, Václav Benda, Ladislav Hejdánek, Václav Havel, Jan Patočka, Zdeněk Mlynář, Jiří Hájek, Martin Palouš, Pavel Kohout, and Ladislav Lis. Spreading the text of the document was considered a political crime by the Czechoslovak government. After the 1989 Velvet Revolution, many of the members of the initiative played important roles in Czech and Slovak politics.
Software design description
A software design description (a.k.a. software design document or SDD; just design document; also Software Design Specification) is a representation of a software design that is to be used for recording design information, addressing various design concerns, and communicating that information to the design’s stakeholders.  An SDD usually accompanies an architecture diagram with pointers to detailed feature specifications of smaller pieces of the design. Practically, the description is required to coordinate a large team under a single vision, needs to be a stable reference, and outline all parts of the software and how they will work.

IEEE 1471
IEEE 1471 is a superseded IEEE standard for describing the architecture of a "software-intensive system", also known as software architecture.

In 2011 it was superseded by ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010, Systems and software engineering — Architecture description.
Leonhart Fuchs
Leonhart Fuchs (German: [ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈfʊks]; 17 January 1501 – 10 May 1566), sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs and cited in Latin as Leonhartus Fuchsius, was a German physician and botanist. His chief notability is as the author of a large book about plants and their uses as medicines, a herbal, which was first published in 1542 in Latin. It has about 500 accurate and detailed drawings of plants, which were printed from woodcuts. The drawings are the book's most notable advance on its predecessors. Although drawings had been used in other herbal books, Fuchs's book proved and emphasized high-quality drawings as the most telling way to specify what a plant name stands for.

Joachim Camerarius
Joachim Camerarius (12 April 1500 – 17 April 1574), the Elder, was a German classical scholar. His critical abilities, his deep understanding of Greek and Latin, and his wide-ranging knowledge of the ancient world made him one of the foremost German scholars of his time.
Angkorian Road System
Angkorian roads were a network of raised earthen highways constructed across mainland Southeast Asia during the height of the Khmer Empire (9th–15th centuries C.E.) Extending for more than 1,000 kilometres, the roads connected Angkor, the imperial capital in present day Cambodia, to distant provincial centres and frontier regions. The roads worked alongside river transportation to link the capital with resource zones and provincial hubs across Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Waterborne transport continued to carry bulk goods, while the roads enabled faster movement of people, high-value goods and information. This network of roads was one of the most extensive transportation systems in premodern Southeast Asia.

Spean Praptos
Spean Praptos (Khmer: ស្ពានប្រាប់ទិស, also known as Kampong Kdei Bridge ស្ពានកំពង់ក្ដី) on the road from Angkor to Phnom Penh, Cambodia, used to be the longest corbeled stone-arch bridge in the world, with more than twenty narrow arches spanning 285 ft (87m). The bridge was built in the 12th century during the reign of King Jayavarman VII. It is one of the few Khmer empire era bridges to have survived to the modern day.

Several other bridges on the same model are visible: in the Angkor site (Spean Memai), Spean Thma on the former path of the Siem Reap River between Angkor Thom and the Eastern Baray, and at several locations of the former empire.
Gleem
Gleem is an American brand of oral hygiene products, including toothpastes and electric toothbrushes, owned by  Procter & Gamble. It was introduced as a toothpaste in the United States in 1952 and discontinued in 2014.  Procter & Gamble later revived Gleem toothpaste as a flavor variant of Crest toothpaste (Crest Fresh and White Fluoride, Peppermint Gleem toothpaste). In 2019, Procter & Gamble expanded the brand to include a line of electric toothbrushes.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.
Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
Moses ben Meir of Ferrara was a 13th-century Italian Talmudic commentator from Ferrara, Italy. He was a contemporary of Eleazar ben Samuel and Isaiah ben Mali. Haggahot Maimuniyyot quotes his Talmudic commentary three times, and also says he copied Judah ha-Nasi's commentaries on tractate Berakhot of the Talmud.

Tosafot
The Tosafot, Tosafos or Tosfot (Hebrew: תוספות) are medieval commentaries on the Talmud. They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes.

The authors of the Tosafot are known as Tosafists; for a listing (see List of Tosafists.)
2024 Munster Senior Hurling League
The 2024 Munster Senior Hurling League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Co-Op Superstores Munster Hurling League, was an inter-county hurling competition in the province of Munster, played by all six county teams in January 2024. After the postponement of multiple games due to inclement weather, the tournament was unfinished.

Munster Senior Hurling League
The Munster Senior Hurling League is an annual hurling competition organised by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association since 2016 for the top inter-county teams in the province of Munster in Ireland.

The series of games are played during January. The Munster Senior Hurling League is effectively a pre-season tournament. It allows teams to blood new players and to experiment prior to the opening of the National Hurling League.

2019 was the first year that all six eligible teams participated in the Munster Senior Hurling League. Participation or non-participation can be decided on an annual basis. Cork are the current champions.
Barbu de Grubbe
The Barbu de Grubbe, Dutch: Grubbe baardkriel, is a Belgian breed of bantam chicken. It is a true bantam, and has no full-sized counterpart; males weigh about 700 grams and hens about 600 g. It is a tail-less variant of the Barbu d'Anvers, and is otherwise similar to it in every respect. The same colour varieties are accepted for the Barbu de Grubbe as for the Barbu d'Anvers.: 52

Bantam (poultry)
A bantam is any small variety of fowl, usually of chicken or duck. Most large chicken breeds and several breeds of duck have a bantam counterpart, which is much smaller than the standard-sized fowl, but otherwise similar in most or all respects. A true bantam chicken is naturally small and has no large counterpart.
Steel industry in China
The steel industry of the People's Republic of China, initially small and hindered by war, expanded rapidly following market reforms in 1978, eventually becoming the world's largest producer. Despite this growth, the industry faced challenges with high debt, market volatility, and environmental pressures. Rising exports from 2023-2024 led to global oversupply, price drops, and tariffs, prompting China to halt new steel mill approvals and encourage overseas investments. China's central government has also worked to phase out unprofitable "zombie" companies while pushing for stricter environmental controls on steel production.

Shagang Group
Jiangsu Shagang Group Company Limited, Jiangsu Shagang Group, Shagang Group or Shasteel is located in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China, an Economic Development Zone of the Yangtze River. According to a 2008 survey conducted by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), the company was the largest privately owned company in China at the time. It involves the production and sales of "Shagang" brand name steel products.
Eddison Fernandes
Eddisson Rosario Fernandes (born Eddison Rosario Fernandes; 14 June 1983 – 17 October 2009), also known mononymously as Edison, was an Indian comedian, actor, singer, composer, writer, businessman, and former keyboardist known for his work in Konkani films and tiatr productions. He made his debut in Sharon Mazarello's tiatr Puro Korat (2003). He was best known for his comic role in the Konkani film Tum Kitem Kortolo Aslo? (2010).

Mario Menezes
Mario Piedade Menezes (29 May 1960 – 25 June 2022), popularly known by his sobriquet Tragedy King, was an Indian theatre director, playwright, and actor who primarily worked on the Konkani stage. He was the vice president of the Tiatr Academy Goa.
Andorra at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Andorra sent a delegation to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 12 to 28 February 2010. Andorra has never won an Olympic medal, despite appearing at every Winter and Summer Games since 1976. The Andorran delegation to these Olympics consisted of six athletes, four in alpine skiing, one in cross-country skiing, and one in snowboarding, the last being Lluís Marin Tarroch, the first snowboarder to represent Andorra at the Olympics. He placed 34th in his only event, and failed to advance to the quarterfinals as a result. Francesc Soulié, the first Andorran cross-country skier to compete at the Games, made his second Olympics appearance, achieving a 47th place finish in the best of his three events. The four alpine skiers that competed recorded six DNFs in their thirteen combined events, though Mireia Gutiérrez recorded a team-high 24th-place result in her best event.

Andorra at the Olympics
Andorra first participated at the Olympic Games in 1976, appearing in both the Winter and Summer Olympics. They have appeared in every games since they first entered.

They have never won a medal in the Summer nor Winter Games. At the Summer Games, they have competed in sports including cycling, swimming, athletics, shooting and judo. As a mountainous country with popular skiing resorts, Andorra's Winter Olympic delegation has often been as large as or larger than its Summer team, and all its participations have come in skiing or snowboarding sports.

They have been represented by Comitè Olímpic Andorrà since 1976.
Kyiv International School
Kyiv International School (Ukrainian: Київська міжнародна школа; KIS) is a private international school located in Kyiv, Ukraine. Founded in 1992. The school is a member of Quality Schools International (QSI), a consortium of nonprofit college-preparatory schools following an American-style, international curriculum. It is a current member of CEESA (Central and Eastern European Schools Association). The school operates with the approval of the Ukrainian government and offers a PreK - Grade 12 education in the English language, including a DP International Baccalaureate program as well as Advanced Placement courses. The school year is from August to June.

Quality Schools International
Quality Schools International (QSI) is a group of non-profit international schools offering education in the English language, in a number of countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South and North America. The first school was founded in 1971. The organization's world headquarters is located in Malta. The organization's founders and co-presidents are Jim Gilson and Duane Root.
Ciro y los Persas
Ciro y los Persas is a rock band from Argentina led by singer and songwriter Andrés Ciro Martínez, best known as the former singer of Los Piojos. The band had its first performances in December 2009 in Rosario and Córdoba. In 2010 they released their first album, Espejos, which went double platinum. The band toured the country, highlighted by opening for Paul McCartney's  concerts at River Plate Stadium in November.

Los Piojos
Los Piojos (Spanish: The Lice) is an  Argentine rock band. Extremely popular, it became one of the seminal bands of the 1990s Argentine music scene.

Unlike most suburban outfits, however, their style evolved significantly with each successive album, not only developing a unique style for the band but also incorporating elements of murga, candombe, and tango to an electric guitar base. This plus frontman Ciro's songwriting has made them one of the most popular bands in modern Argentine rock, with a strong following across Latin America and Europe, unusual for a band in their subgenre of Argentine rock.
Natalio Ecarma III
Natalio Cabili Ecarma III (born June 3, 1955) is a Filipino General who recently served as Undersecretary of the Department of National Defense of the Republic of the Philippines. He is known for being the first Filipino appointed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, to serve as Head of Mission and Force Commander of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force in the Golan Heights, giving him the distinction of being the first Filipino to head a United Nations Peacekeeping Mission, with the rank of UN Assistant Secretary General.

Bronze Cross Medal
The Bronze Cross Medal is a single grade military decoration of the Armed Forces of the Philippines which is awarded for "heroism involving risk of life" under conditions not warranting the award of the Gold Cross Medal. It may be awarded for: 1) voluntary action in the face of great danger above and beyond the call of duty; or 2) other deeds evidenced by extraordinary bravery not involving direct combat with the enemy.

It is awarded by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), the commanders of Philippine Army, Philippine Navy (PN), and Philippine Air Force (PAF), AFP wide Support Services Units, Area Commands, division and brigade commanders and their equivalent in the PAF and the PN.  Those eligible for the medal are military and civilian personnel of the AFP.  Members of the armed forces of allied countries may also be honored by the award of the Bronze Cross Medal if they meet the award criteria.
Hellenic Swimming Federation
The Hellenic Swimming Federation (Greek: Κολυμβητική Ομοσπονδία Ελλάδος) founded in 1927, is the aquatics national federation for Greece. It oversees competition in 4 Olympic aquatic sports (swimming, synchronized swimming, diving and water polo).

It is affiliated to:

FINA, the International Swimming Federation

LEN, the European Swimming League

HOC, the Hellenic Olympic Committee.

Hellenic Olympic Committee
The Hellenic Olympic Committee (HOC, Greek: Ελληνική Ολυμπιακή Επιτροπή; IOC Code: GRE) is the governing Olympic body of Greece. It is the second-oldest National Olympic Committee in the world (after the French Olympic Committee), it organizes the country's representatives at the Olympic Games and other multi-sport events. It is based in Chalandri, a suburb of the Athens agglomeration.

Members of the committee are 27 sports federations, which elect the Executive Council composed of the president and six members.
2025–26 Saudi Pro League
The 2025–26 Saudi Pro League (known as the Roshn Saudi League for sponsorship reasons) is the 69th season of the top-tier Saudi football league, established in 1957, and the 18th season since it was rebranded as the Saudi Pro League in 2008.

Al-Ittihad are the defending champions, having won their 10th title last season. Al-Najma and Neom earned automatic promotion to the Pro League, while Al-Hazem earned the last promotion spot through the play-offs. Al-Raed, Al-Orobah, and Al-Wehda were relegated to the 2025–26 Saudi First Division League.

2008–09 Saudi Pro League
The 2008–09 Saudi Professional League was the 33rd season of Saudi Pro League since its establishment in 1976 and first after rebranding to the Saudi Pro League. Al-Hilal were the defending champions, having won their 11th title in the previous season. The campaign began on 13 September 2008 and ended on 12 April 2009. A total of 12 teams contested the league, 10 of which already contested in the 2007–08 season, and two of which were promoted from the First Division.

On 12 April 2009, in the final round of the season, Al-Ittihad won the title after a 2–1 victory over Al-Hilal. It was their eighth league title overall. Al-Ittihad, Al-Hilal, Al-Ahli and Al-Shabab all secured a berth for the 2010 AFC Champions League, while Al-Nassr and Al-Ettifaq qualified for the Gulf Club Champions Cup. Al-Watani and Abha were relegated to the Saudi First Division League.
Niedenzuella
Niedenzuella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malpighiaceae.

Its native range is Southern Tropical America. It is found in the countries of north-eastern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

The genus name of Niedenzuella is in honour of Franz Josef Niedenzu (1857–1937), a German botanist born in Köppernig. He is remembered for his work with the botanical family Malpighiaceae. It was first described and published in Novon Vol.16 on page 194 in 2006.

Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 71 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World (the Caribbean and the southernmost United States to Argentina) and the rest in the Old World (Africa, Madagascar, and Indomalaya to New Caledonia and the Philippines).

One useful species in the family is Malpighia emarginata, often called acerola. The fruit is consumed in areas where the plant is native. The plant is cultivated elsewhere for the fruit, which is rich in vitamin C.

Another member of the family, caapi or yagé (Banisteriopsis caapi), is used in the entheogenic brew known as ayahuasca.

One feature found in several members of this family, and rarely in others, is providing pollinators with rewards other than pollen or nectar; this is commonly in the form of nutrient oils (resins are offered by Clusiaceae).