hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 5005
NGC 5005, also known as Caldwell 29, is an inclined spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 1 May 1785. The galaxy has a relatively bright nucleus and a bright disk that contains multiple dust lanes.  The galaxy's high surface brightness makes it an object that is visible to amateur astronomers using large amateur telescopes.

Distance measurements for NGC 5005 vary from 13.7 megaparsecs (45 million light-years) to 34.6 megaparsecs (113 million light-years), averaging about 20 megaparsecs (65 million light-years).

Canes Venatici
Canes Venatici (/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/ KAY-neez vin-AT-iss-eye) is one of the 88 constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is a small northern constellation that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Its name is Latin for 'hunting dogs', and the constellation is often depicted in illustrations as representing the dogs of Boötes the Herdsman, a neighboring constellation.

Cor Caroli is the constellation's brightest star, with an apparent magnitude of 2.9. La Superba (Y CVn) is one of the reddest naked-eye stars and one of the brightest carbon stars. The Whirlpool Galaxy is a spiral galaxy tilted face-on to observers on Earth, and was the first galaxy whose spiral nature was discerned. In addition, quasar TON 618 is one of the most massive black holes with the mass of 66 billion solar masses.
Riaz Hussain (general)
Riaz Hussain was a Pakistani former three-star rank general who served as the eight Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence from 1959 to 1966. He served as the first Governor of Balochistan from 1970 to 1971 in the military regime of President General Yahya Khan.

Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence
The Director-General (DG) is head of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan's premier intelligence service, operationally responsible for providing critical national security and intelligence assessment to the government of Pakistan. Brigadier Syed Shahid Hamid had conceived the idea of ISI and became its first director-general.

The current DG of ISI is Lt. General Asim Malik since 30 September 2024.
Van Rensselaer's Regiment
Van Rensselaer's 4th Regiment of Militia was a regiment of militia raised in Albany County, New York, during the American Revolutionary War. Raised by Colonel Kiliaen van Rensselaer in 1775, and drawing men from the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, the regiment was also known as the 2nd Rensselaerwyck Battalion and consisted of seven companies.

As a militia unit, the regiment was composed of male citizens aged between 15 and 55. They were required to serve when "called upon" for indefinite periods, but the conditions of their service meant that they could not be deployed out of the state of New York for more than three months at a time. When required, the militia supported the units of the Continental Army in battle, and undertook garrison duties in their local area.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Claude Williams (musician)
Claude "Fiddler" Williams (February 22, 1908 – April 25, 2004) was an American jazz violinist and guitarist who recorded and performed into his 90s. He was the first guitarist to record with Count Basie and the first musician to be inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame.

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
Jan Novák (ice hockey)
Jan Novák (born February 9, 1979, in Havlíčkův Brod, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He spent nine seasons with HC Slavia Prague in the Czech Extraliga between 1997 and 2006, winning the championship in 2003. Novák moved to the Russian Super League in 2006 and played one season for Aq Bars Kazan. He later played for Skellefteå AIK of Elitserien in Sweden but left them early in the 2007–08 season for a move to HC Slavia Praha. On 12 January 2009 he was loaned to BK Mladá Boleslav. Novák currently plays with HC České Budějovice in the Czech Extraliga.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
4th Home Counties Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
The IV Home Counties (Howitzer) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery was a new volunteer unit formed in Kent as part of the Territorial Force (TF) in 1908. It saw active service on the Western Front during World War I and was reconstituted as medium artillery in the interwar years. Later it converted to anti-aircraft artillery, in which role it served in The Blitz, North Africa and Italy during World War II and continued under various designations until its disbandment in 1969.

QF 3-inch 20 cwt
The QF 3-inch 20 cwt anti-aircraft gun became the standard anti-aircraft gun used in the home defence of the United Kingdom against German Zeppelins airships and bombers and on the Western Front in World War I. It was also common on British warships in World War I and submarines in World War II. 20 cwt referred to the weight of the barrel and breech, to differentiate it from other 3-inch guns (1 cwt = 1 hundredweight = 112 lb, 51 kg, hence the barrel and breech together weighed 2,240 lb, 1,020 kg). While other AA guns also had a bore of 3 inches (76 mm), the term 3-inch was only ever used to identify this gun in the World War I era, and hence this is what writers are usually referring to by 3-inch AA gun.
Archie Sutton
Archie Michael Sutton (November 2, 1941 – August 29, 2015) was an American professional football player who played offensive tackle for three seasons for the Minnesota Vikings.

Sutton found early fame as a tackle playing for the Illini alongside center, Dick Butkus; offensive guard, L.D. Stewart; and running back, Jim Grabowski. This powerhouse team defeated UCLA, Michigan, and (No. 4) Michigan State during the regular season. The Fighting Illini squad then topped Washington 17–7 in the 1964 Rose Bowl. He died in 2015.

Jim Grabowski
James Grabowski (born September 9, 1944) is an American former professional football player and broadcaster. He played as a running back in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Green Bay Packers.

Grabowski played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini, earning consensus All-American honors in 1965. He was selected in the first round of the 1966 NFL draft with the ninth overall pick. Grabowski played in the NFL for Green Bay and the Chicago Bears, winning two Super Bowls with the Packers.  He was an analyst on Illinois football radio broadcasts for nearly 30 years, retiring after the 2006 season.
Crypsis (genus)
Crypsis is a genus of African and Eurasian plants in the grass family, sometimes referred to as pricklegrass. These are annual grasses with short leaves. A few species are invasive weeds outside their native ranges.

Rhizocephalus
Rhizocephalus is a genus of plants in the grass family, Poaceae. The only known species is Rhizocephalus orientalis, native to Afghanistan, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Asiatic Turkey, and Uzbekistan.
Konstantynów Łódzki
Konstantynów Łódzki [kɔnstanˈtɨnuf ˈwut͡skʲi] is a town in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 18,335 inhabitants (2020). It borders Łódź to the east, Lutomiersk to the west, Aleksandrów Łódzki to the north, and Porszewice to the south.

Aleksandrów Łódzki
Aleksandrów Łódzki ([alɛkˈsandruf ˈwut͡skʲi] ⓘ) is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is a part of the Łódź metropolitan area. Aleksandrów Łódzki has an area of 13.82 square kilometres (5.34 square miles), and as of June 2022 its population was 22,160.
Reacher season 1
The first season of the American action crime television series Reacher, based on the Jack Reacher book series by Lee Child, premiered on Amazon Prime Video on February 4, 2022.

The season, based on Killing Floor, stars Alan Ritchson, Malcolm Goodwin, Willa Fitzgerald, Chris Webster, Bruce McGill, and Maria Sten. In the season, Reacher investigates, alongside police officers Oscar Finlay and Roscoe Conklin, a local conspiracy while also trying to uncover his brother's murderer.

On February 7, 2022, Amazon Prime Video renewed the series for a second season.

Reacher season 2
The second season of the American action crime television series Reacher, based on the Jack Reacher book series by Lee Child, premiered on Amazon Prime Video on December 15, 2023.

The season, based on Bad Luck and Trouble (2007), stars Alan Ritchson, Maria Sten, Serinda Swan, Shaun Sipos, Ferdinand Kingsley, and Robert Patrick. In the season, Reacher reunites with his former unit to discover who is killing their members and stop an illegal arms trafficking operation between an aeronautical company and a terrorist arms broker.

On December 2, 2023, ahead of the second-season premiere, it was revealed that filming of a third season had begun.
Tecmerium spermophagia
Tecmerium spermophagia is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain.

The wingspan is 14–17 mm. The forewings are whitish cinereous (ash-grey), dusted with brownish grey. The hindwings are shining pale brownish grey.

Larvae have been reared from seed-whorls of Phlomis purpurea.

Blastobasidae
The Blastobasidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. Its species can be found almost anywhere in the world, though in some places they are not native but introduced by humans. In some arrangements, these moths are included in the case-bearer family (Coleophoridae) as subfamily Blastobasinae. The Symmocidae are sometimes included in the Blastobasidae (particularly if both are included in Coleophoridae) as subfamily or tribe.

In addition, the group around Holcocera is often separated as subfamily Holcocerinae (or tribe Holcocerini) from the Blastobasis lineage (which correspondingly become a subfamily, or a tribe Blastobasini). While this seems far more reasonable than some of the more extreme arrangements sometimes seen in Gelechioidea taxonomy and systematics, the relationships among Blastobasidae genera are not yet sufficiently studied to allow a well-supported subdivision of this family.
John Foster (printer)
John Foster (1648 – September 9, 1681) was an early American woodcut printmaker and letterpress printer who operated a printing shop in Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony when the colony was still in its infancy. He is credited with printing the first image in British colonial America, from a woodcut he carved of the Puritan minister Richard Mather. He also printed the first map in the colonies, also from a woodcut that he carved. Foster graduated from Harvard University, but was a self-taught pioneer in American printmaking in woodcut, and also learned the art of typography from the Boston printer Marmaduke Johnson.  He subsequently printed many works by prominent religious figures of the day in Massachusetts, and for a few years printed and published an annual almanac. His woodcuts were also used for the printing of official seals of the Massachusetts Bay Colony used by the provincial government.

Samuel Green (printer)
Samuel Green (1615 – January 1, 1702) was an early American printer, the first of several printers from the Green family who followed in his footsteps. One of Green's major accomplishments as a printer was the Eliot Indian Bible, translated by the missionary John Eliot, typeset by James Printer, which became the first Bible to be printed in British America in 1663.  Members of his family who also became printers include his sons  Bartholomew, Bartholomew Green Jr. and Joseph Dennie.  Throughout his adult life Green also served in the Massachusetts Bay Colonial Militia, advancing to the rank of captain later in life.
Shewket Imin
Shewket Imin (Uyghur: شەۋكەت ئىمىن‎; Shewket Imin; born December 1959) is a Chinese politician of Uyghur origin, currently serving as chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress and is a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress.

12th National People's Congress
The 12th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected in national congressional conferences from October 2012 to February 2013 and was in session from 2013 to 2018. It succeeded the 11th National People's Congress.  It held five plenary sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year.  It was succeeded by the communing of the 13th National People's Congress.
Transportation in North Carolina
There are many different types of transportation in North Carolina, including air, rail, mass transit, and major highways. North Carolina is a rapidly growing state with over 10.4 million people and requires multiple types of transportation. Currently, NC has 10 commercial and many municipal airports, a passenger rail called NC By Train operated by North Carolina in partnership with Amtrak with many different routes, public bus transportation in cities like Raleigh and Charlotte, and highways that span the State.

GoDurham
GoDurham, formerly Durham Area Transit Authority (DATA), is the public transit system serving Durham, North Carolina. It is currently operated by RATP Dev, managed by GoTriangle, and funded by the City of Durham. It was renamed under the consolidated GoTransit branding scheme for the Research Triangle region. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 6,896,000, or about 20,900 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Aboriginal Victorians
Aboriginal Victorians, the Aboriginal Australians of Victoria, Australia, occupied the land for tens of thousands of years prior to European settlement. Aboriginal people have lived a semi-nomadic existence of fishing, hunting and gathering and associated activities for at least 40,000 years.

The Aboriginal people of Victoria had developed a varied and complex set of languages, tribal alliances, beliefs and social customs that involved totemism, superstition, initiation and burial rites, and tribal moieties.

Wadawurrung
The Wadawurrung nation, also called the Wathaurong, or Wathaurung, are an Aboriginal Australian people living in the area near Melbourne, Geelong, and the Bellarine Peninsula in the state of Victoria. They are part of the Kulin alliance. The Wathaurong language was spoken by 25 clans south of the Werribee River and the Bellarine Peninsula to Streatham.  The area they inhabit has been occupied for at least the last 25,000 years.
Nessariostoma
Nessariostoma granulosum is a lightly armored pseudopetalichthyid placoderm from the Hunsrückschiefer Lagerstätte of Early Devonian Germany.  The type and only known specimen is an articulated, but very incomplete individual, deformed and elongated, consisting of a large, incomplete, tubercle-covered head, a long, beak-like rostrum, and some of the trunk, with a total length of 18 centimeters. N. granulosum was once placed in Stensioellida, though most other experts regard it at as a pseudopetalichthyid: Denison 1978 regards it as a placoderm incertae sedis because the specimen is deformed and so poorly preserved so as to stymie proper attempts at classification.

Stensioella
Stensioella heintzi is an enigmatic placoderm of arcane affinity.  It is only known from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück slate of Germany. The genus is named after Erik Stensiö, the species name honours Anatol Heintz.
11:11 Reset
11:11 Reset is the seventh studio album by American singer Keyshia Cole. It was released by Epic Records on October 20, 2017. It succeeds Cole's sixth album Point of No Return (2014). The album was preceded by the release of two singles—"You" and "Incapable". 11:11 Reset peaked at number 37 on the US Billboard 200.

Rap-Up
Rap-Up is a magazine launched in 2001 by founder Devin Lazerine. The publication was originally a website devoted to hip hop, until Lazerine decided to pitch the possibility of a magazine to several publishers. The magazine is focused on the hip hop and R&B aspect of the music industry, and predominantly features interviews with artists, actors and other entertainers. Issued quarterly, the magazine's target audience was the 14 to 28 demographic, although the demographic has become older over time.

The magazine's first two issues were one time deals, although Lazerine and his brother Cameron received attention for their age and white background. The magazine restarted publication in 2005, when it managed to sell enough copies to ensure future releases. A separate handbook has been released, chronicling the history of hip hop, "Rap-Up:The Ultimate Guide to Hip-Hop and R&B".
Sarvagya Singh Katiyar
Sarvagya Singh Katiyar (1935 – 9 October 2018), FRSC, popularly known as S. S. Katiyar, was an Indian scientist specializing in enzymology, and the founder Director of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, Lucknow. He is a former president of the Association of Indian Universities and a former vice chancellor of Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur and Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology. He was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award, followed by Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, in 2009.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Leximetrics
Leximetrics is a field which attempts to rank the strength or weaknesses of laws, by assigning a numerical value to each type of law in a particular field. The law's numbers are then used to compare the efficacy of different legal systems, and how these numbers correlate with particular goals such as economic growth or employment.

Legal origins theory
The legal origins theory claims that the two main legal traditions or origins, civil law and common law, crucially shape lawmaking and dispute adjudication and have not been reformed after the initial exogenous transplantation by Europeans. Therefore, they affect economic outcomes to date. According to the evidence reported by the initial proponents of such a theory, countries that received civil law would display today less secure investor rights, stricter regulation, and more inefficient governments and courts than those that inherited common law. These differences would reflect both a stronger historical emphasis of common law on private ordering and the higher adaptability of judge-made law.

Legal origins theory became popular among economists in the late 20th century, at the same time that practitioners of comparative law were largely abandoning taxonomic classifications of legal systems.
Germaine Berton
Germaine Berton (7 June 1902, in Puteaux – 6 July 1942, in Paris) was a French anarchist and trade unionist. She is known for the murder of Marius Plateau, an editor for the Action Française journal and a leader in the royalist organisation Camelots du Roi, in January 1923. Germaine Berton was defended by Henry Torrès during her trial and surrealists have used her mugshot in a number of art pieces. Despite confessing, Berton was acquitted on 24 December 1923.

Berton stopped engaging with anarchist organizations following a subsequent arrest in 1924. In 1925, Berton married Paul Burger, a painter before leaving him in 1935 for René Coillot, a printer. She died in 1942 due to an intentional overdose.

Saint-Lazare Prison
48°52′32″N 2°21′16″E﻿ / ﻿48.87556°N 2.35444°E﻿ / 48.87556; 2.35444

Saint-Lazare Prison was a prison in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France. It existed from 1793 until 1935 and was housed in a former motherhouse of the Vincentians.
Al Dhafra Air Base
Al Dhafra Air Base (ADAB, Arabic: قاعدة الظفرة الجوية, IATA: DHF, ICAO: OMAM) is a military installation in the United Arab Emirates. The base is located approximately 20 mi (32 km) south of Abu Dhabi, and is operated by the United Arab Emirates Air Force.

Dassault Mirage 2000
The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine, delta wing, fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation. It was designed in the late 1970s as a lightweight fighter to replace the Mirage III for the French Air Force (Armée de l'air). The Mirage 2000 evolved into a multirole aircraft with several variants developed, with sales to a number of nations. It was later developed into the Mirage 2000N and 2000D strike variants, the improved Mirage 2000-5, and several export variants. Over 600 aircraft were built and it has been in service with nine nations.
Sala Krau District
Sala Krau (Khmer: សាលាក្រៅ, Saléa Krau) is a district located in Pailin Province, western Cambodia. The district is subdivided into 4 communes and 43 villages. According to the 1998 census of Cambodia, it had a population of 7,106.

There is an official road international border crossing with Thailand in this district located at Phsar Prum. The border crossing is connected with Pailin by National Road 57. The checkpoint on the Thai side is called the Ban Phakkat Permanent Border Crossing (Thai: จุดผ่านแดนถาวรบ้านผักกาด) and is located in Khlong Yai sub-district, Pong Nam Ron district, Chanthaburi province.

Pailin municipality
Pailin municipality (Khmer: ក្រុងប៉ៃលិន) is a municipality (krong) covering the southern part of Pailin province in north-western Cambodia on the border with Thailand. The municipality is subdivided into 4 communes (sangkat) and 36 villages (phum). According to the 1998 and 2008 census of Cambodia, the 575 km2 city had a population of 15,800 and 36,354 respectively.