hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, 1941. The United States military suffered 19 ships damaged or sunk, and 2,403 people were killed. Its most significant consequence was the entrance of the United States into World War II. The US had previously been officially neutral and considered an isolationist country with its Neutrality Act but subsequently after the attack declared war on Japan the next day and entered the Pacific War. Then on December 11, 1941, four days after the Japanese attack, after the Italian declaration of war on the United States and the German declaration of war against the United States, which Hitler had orchestrated, the US was then at war with Germany and Italy.  The US then became involved in the Battle of the Atlantic and the European theatre of war as well as with Japan.

Following the attack, the US interned 120,000 Japanese Americans, 11,000 German Americans, and 3,000 Italian Americans.

German declaration of war against the United States
On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and three days after the United States declaration of war against Japan, Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a "series of provocations" by the United States government when the U.S. was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, following two days of consultation. It has been referred to as Hitler's "most puzzling" decision of World War II. Publicly, the formal declaration was made to American Chargé d'affaires Leland B. Morris by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in the latter's office. Benito Mussolini also announced Italy's declaration of war against the United States on 11 December. Later that day, the U.S. declared war on Germany, with Germany's action having eliminated any remaining meaningful domestic isolationist opposition to the U.S. joining the European war.
Grade II* listed buildings in Cumbria
The county of Cumbria is divided into two unitary authorities, Cumberland and Westmorland and Furness.

As there are 460 Grade II* listed buildings in the county they have been split into separate lists for each unitary authority.

Grade II* listed buildings in Cumberland

Grade II* listed buildings in Westmorland and Furness

Grade II* listed buildings in Cumberland
There are over 20,000 Grade II* listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the district of Cumberland in Cumbria.

It is split by the three former districts which make up the unitary authority area, Allerdale, the Borough of Copeland and the City of Carlisle.
Interpeduncular nucleus
The interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) is an unpaired, ovoid group of neurons at the base of the midbrain tegmentum. In the midbrain it lies below the interpeduncular fossa. As the name suggests, the interpeduncular nucleus lies in between the cerebral peduncles.

Raphe nuclei
The raphe nuclei (Greek: ῥαφή, "seam") are a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. They have 5-HT1 receptors which are coupled with Gi/Go-protein-inhibiting adenyl cyclase. They function as autoreceptors in the brain and decrease the release of serotonin. The anxiolytic drug Buspirone acts as partial agonist against these receptors. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets.
Parco naturale lombardo della Valle del Ticino
The Parco Naturale Lombardo Della Valle Del Ticino is a Nature reserve established on 9 January 1974. It was the first Italian regional park to be established and the first European river park. The park is located along the banks of the river Ticino, in Lombardy, in the provinces of Milan, Pavia and Varese, in an area of 91,410 hectares (2,2588 acres) between Lake Maggiore and the Po. The park borders the Parco naturale della Valle del Ticino, located on the other side of the river in Piedmont, created in 1978. In 2022 the two Parks were included by UNESCO in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

Adriatic sturgeon
The Adriatic sturgeon (Huso naccarii) is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is native to the Adriatic Sea and large rivers which flow in it of Albania, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia.

Prior to 2025, it was placed in the genus Acipenser, but this placement was found to be paraphyletic, and it is more accurately placed in the genus Huso.
Federico Kammerichs
Guillermo Federico Kammerichs (born June 21, 1980) is an Argentine retired professional basketball player, who last played with Unión de Goya. At 6 ft 83⁄4 in (2.05 m) tall and 245 lbs. (111 kg) in weight, he could play at the small forward and power forward positions.

2007 FIBA Americas Championship
The 2007 FIBA Americas Championships later known as the FIBA AmeriCup (or The Tournament of the Americas), was a basketball tournament held at Thomas & Mack Center, in Las Vegas, from August 22, to September 2. It was the thirteenth staging of the FIBA AmeriCup.

The tournament was originally going to be hosted in Venezuela. However, the Venezuelan federation failed to pay a $1.5 million fee, as of August 31, 2006. As such, their hosting privileges were taken away.

Several countries had shown interest in hosting the tournament, including: United States, Chile, Argentina, and Puerto Rico. The United States had not hosted it since 1992, Chile had never hosted it, Argentina had held it last in 2001, and Puerto Rico had last hosted in 2003.
Elizabeth O'Farrell
Elizabeth O'Farrell (Irish: Éilís Ní Fhearghail; 5 November 1883 – 25 June 1957) was an Irish nurse, republican and member of Cumann na mBan, best known for delivering the surrender in the Easter Rising of 1916.

Dublin quays
53°20′42″N 6°16′27″W﻿ / ﻿53.3451°N 6.2741°W﻿ / 53.3451; -6.2741

The Dublin quays (Irish: Céanna Bhaile Átha Cliath) refers to the two roadways and quays that run along the north and south banks of the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland. The stretches of the two continuous streets have several different names. However, all but two of the names (Bachelors Walk and Usher's Island) share the same "quay" designation. The quays have played an important part in Dublin's history.

Much of the southern roadway and about half of the northern roadway is part of the R148 road, while the other half of the northern roadway is part of the R801 road.
Euro commemorative coins
The nations of the European Union issue commemorative coins in various denominations. These include:

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins of various face values.

€2 commemorative coins.

Money portal

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins
European Union member states

21 in the eurozone
  1 in ERM II, with an opt-out (Denmark)
  5 not in ERM II, but committed to join the eurozone after meeting the convergence criteria (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Sweden)

Non–EU member states

4 using the euro with a monetary agreement (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City)
  2 using the euro unilaterally (Kosovo and Montenegro)

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Gold and silver issues of the euro commemorative coins are collectors' euro coins not primarily intended for general circulation; the commemoratives also include rare cases of bimetal collector coins, such as titanium and niobium.
Ross Lake (Washington)
Ross Lake is a large reservoir in the North Cascade mountains of northern Washington state, United States, and southwestern British Columbia, Canada. The lake runs approximately north–south, is 23 miles (37 km) long, up to 1.5 miles (2.5 km) wide, and the full reservoir elevation is 1,604 feet above sea level (489 m).

The U.S. portion of Ross Lake is in the Ross Lake National Recreation Area.  North Cascades National Park is adjacent to the west and south, while the Pasayten Wilderness is east of the lake.  In British Columbia the lake is a part of Skagit Valley Provincial Park, and Manning Provincial Park is nearby to the east.

E. C. Manning Provincial Park
E.C. Manning Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.  It is usually referred to as Manning Park, although that nomenclature is also used to refer to the resort and ski area at the park's core. The park covers 83,671 hectares (323 mi2) and was the second most visited provincial park in 2017-18 after Cypress Provincial Park. The park lies along British Columbia Highway 3, and occupies a large amount of land between Hope and Princeton along the Canada-United States border.
Dead ice
Dead ice is the ice in a part of a glacier or ice sheet that is no longer moving. As the ice melts, it leaves behind a hummocky terrain known as dead-ice moraine.  Dead-ice moraine is produced by the accumulation of sediments carried by glaciers that have been left behind from ice melting. Features of such terrain include kettle holes. Landscapes forming Veiki moraines in northern Sweden and Canada have been attributed to the erosion of extensive bodies of till-covered dead ice.

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
2008 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 2008 NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship involved 12 schools competing for the national championship of women's NCAA Division I gymnastics.  It was the twenty seventh NCAA gymnastics national championship and the defending NCAA Team Champion for 2007 was Georgia.  The Competition took place in Athens, Georgia hosted by the University of Georgia in Stegeman Coliseum. The 2008 Championship was won by Georgia, their fourth in a row.

NCAA women's gymnastics tournament
The NCAA women's gymnastics tournament is an annual competition sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to determine the team and individual national champions of women's collegiate gymnastics among its member programs in the United States. Unlike most other NCAA-sponsored sports, the women's gymnastics championship is not separated into divisions and uses a single National Collegiate tournament instead.
National Register of Historic Places listings in South Kingstown, Rhode Island
This is a list of Registered Historic Places in South Kingstown, Rhode Island.

‹ The template below (NRHP date for lists) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›          This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

South Kingstown, Rhode Island
South Kingstown is a town in, and the county seat of, Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 31,931 at the 2020 census. South Kingstown is the second largest town in Rhode Island by total geographic area, behind New Shoreham, and the third largest town in Rhode Island by geographic land area, behind Exeter and Coventry.
Nordwestradio
Nordwestradio was a German, public radio station owned and co-operated by Radio Bremen (RB) and Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). It used to broadcast a culture and information-based format. The station's music was dominated by singer-songwriters, pop and soul outside of the mainstream. Nordwestradio also played classical music, rock, jazz and blues, especially in the evenings and at weekends.

Nordwestradio replaced Radio Bremen 2 on 1 November 2001. It was replaced by Bremen Zwei on 11 August 2017.

Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈnɔʁtˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (pronounced [ˌɛndeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of ARD, the joint organisation of German public broadcasters.
Nagarain
Nagarain is a municipality in Dhanusha District in Province No. 2 of south-eastern Nepal. As of 2011 Nepal census, it has a population of 36,336 living in 6,478 individual households. It was formed by joining Fulgama, Devdiha, old Nagrain, Lagmagadha Guthi and Ghodghans village development committees. The total area of Nagarain municipality is 38.71 km2.

Debadiha
Debadiha is a village development committee in Dhanusa District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,341 persons living in 829 individual households.
NGC 4466
NGC 4466 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4466 was discovered by astronomer Bindon Stoney on February 26, 1851. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
The Gentleman from Arizona
The Gentleman from Arizona is a 1939 American Western film directed by Earl Haley and written by Earl Haley and Jack O'Donnell. The film stars John 'Dusty' King, J. Farrell MacDonald, Joan Barclay, Ruth Reece, Craig Reynolds and Nora Lane. The film was released on December 25, 1939, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
John Clark Murray
John Clark Murray FRSC (19 March 1836 – 20 November 1917) was a Scottish-Canadian philosopher and professor. He held the Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Queen's University from 1862 to 1872, and at McGill University from 1872 until 1903. During his academic career, Murray became the first professor at Queen's to offer courses to women; however, his equality advocacy caused unrest among the male professors. He was married to Margaret Polson Murray who founded the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Acrometopia conspicua
Acrometopia conspicua is a species of fly in the family Chamaemyiidae. It is found in Taiwan and is the only known representative of its genus there. The specific name conspicua refers to the conspicuousness of this fly, including the colorful head that makes this species easily recognizable.

Chamaemyiidae
The Chamaemyiidae are a small family of acalyptrate flies with less than 200 species described worldwide. The larvae of these small flies are active and predatory and are often used for biological control of aphids, scale insects, and similar pests. Chamaemyiid fossils are poorly represented in amber deposits, but a few examples are known from the Eocene epoch onwards.
Wolstanton United Urban District
Wolstanton United Urban District was an urban district in the county of Staffordshire. It was formed in 1904 with the civil parishes of Chesterton, Silverdale and Wolstanton. It was abolished in 1932, when it was absorbed into the Newcastle-under-Lyme Municipal Borough.

Newcastle-under-Lyme
Newcastle-under-Lyme is a market town and the administrative centre of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire, England. It is adjacent to the city of Stoke-on-Trent. At the 2021 census, the population was 75,082.

Newcastle grew up in the twelfth century around the castle which gave the town its name, and received its first charter in 1173. The town's early industries included millinery, silk weaving, and coal mining, but despite its proximity to the Potteries it did not develop a ceramics trade.
2014 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2014 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 2014, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Alabama, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 3, 2014, with runoff elections held on July 15 in races where no single candidate cleared at least 50% of the vote.

Incumbent Republican lieutenant governor Kay Ivey won against a primary challenge from pastor Stan Cooke, and state representative James C. Fields became the Democratic nominee without any opposition. Ivey won re-election to a second term, winning by a margin much greater than her victory in 2010.

2014 United States Senate election in Alabama
The 2014 United States Senate election in Alabama took place on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate for Alabama.

Incumbent Republican Senator Jeff Sessions, who served in the position since 1997, ran for re-election to a fourth term in office. As the Democrats did not field a candidate, he was the only candidate to file before the deadline and was therefore unopposed in the Republican primary election and only faced write-in opposition in the general election.

Sessions was re-elected with 97.25% of the vote with the remaining votes being write-ins. This alongside the concurrent gubernatorial election is the last time Jefferson County voted Republican in a statewide election.

As of 2024, this is the last time an incumbent senator was reelected unopposed.
Electoral district of Gascoyne
Gascoyne was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1989.

The district was located in the Western Australian outback, in the north-west of the state. It was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. In 1898, its major settlement was Carnarvon and it also included some outlying pastoral leases like Middalya Station. The seat was abolished ahead of the 1989 election. In

The district's most famous member was Frank Wise of the Labor Party, who served as Premier of Western Australia from 1945 to 1947.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Tali Assembly constituency
Tali is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh state in India.

It is part of Kra Daadi district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2019, it is represented by Jikke Tako of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Arunachal Pradesh state in north-eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Itanagar, the capital of the state. The Legislative Assembly comprises 60 Members of Legislative Assembly directly elected from single-seat constituencies.
Dawlish Warren railway station
Dawlish Warren railway station serves the seaside resort and holiday camps of Dawlish Warren, in Devon, England. It is on the Exeter to Plymouth line, 10 miles 46 chains (17.0 km) from Exeter St Davids and 204 miles 37 chains (329.1 km) from London Paddington via Box.

The station is adjacent to the mouth of the River Exe and the Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve. From here to Teignmouth the railway runs along the South Devon Railway sea wall.

Box railway station
Box railway station served the village of Box in Wiltshire, England. The station was on the main Great Western Railway line from London to Bristol and was opened when the Chippenham to Bath section opened in June 1841.

The station was close to the village of Ashley as a location nearer to Box would be on a steeper gradient and too close to the tunnels. The station hotel survives as the Northey Arms.

The Rev. W. Awdry, author of The Railway Series books lived next to the railway station and would spend many hours with his father watching the passing steam locomotives.

The name board of the former signal box with the name "Box Signal Box" is preserved in the National Railway Museum at York.
Roy Cowdry
The Rt Rev. Roy Walter Frederick Cowdry, AKC  was Suffragan Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town and Archdeacon of Cape Town from 1958 to 1964.

Cowdry was educated at King's College London and ordained in 1942. After curacies in Perivale and Ealing he became Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop of Cape Town.

In 1964 he became Rector of St Cuthbert, Port Elizabeth; and in 1970 of St Phillip in the same city.

He died on the 6th of November 1984, and his ashes were interred in the St Cuthbert's Garden of Remembrance.

Geoffrey Clayton (bishop)
Geoffrey Hare Clayton was an Anglican archbishop in the 20th century.

He was born on 12 December 1884, educated at Rugby and Pembroke College, Cambridge, and ordained, after a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon, in 1909. A Fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, he was its Dean from 1910 to 1914 when he became a Chaplain to the BEF. When peace returned he was vicar of Little St Mary's, Cambridge and after that (successively) vicar, rural dean and finally archdeacon of Chesterfield. In 1934 he became bishop of Johannesburg and served for 14 years before his appointment as archbishop of Cape Town. A sub-prelate of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, he died on 7 March 1957.
Faisal Islam
Faisal Islam (born 29 May 1977) is a British political and economics journalist who is the economics editor of BBC News and an occasional presenter of Newsnight. He served as political editor of Sky News from 2014 to 2019, and from May 2004 was business correspondent and later economics editor of Channel 4 News until June 2014.

Royal Television Society
The Royal Television Society (RTS) is a British-based educational charity for the discussion, and analysis of television in all its forms, past, present, and future. It is the oldest television society in the world. It currently has fourteen regional and national centres in the UK, as well as a branch in the Republic of Ireland.