hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Systems (company)
Automatic Systems, a subsidiary of Bolloré  Group, is a company, specialising in the automation of secure entrance control.  The company designs and manufactures vehicle, pedestrian and passenger access control equipment. According to the IMS research, titled "The World Market for Pedestrian Entrance Control Equipment" (2013),  Automatic Systems is ranked No. 1 as speed gates supplier for Mass Transit Applications in the world and for Intrabuilding in EMEA.
Headquartered in Wavre, the Belgian province of the Walloon Brabant situated close to Brussels, the capital of Belgium, Automatic Systems operates through its subsidiaries located in France, the UK, Spain, Canada and the USA. and a network of worldwide distributors. The company exports 90% of its production through a network of international distribution partners. Its net sales topped €71.9 million in 2016.

Its production sites are located in Wavre and Gembloux (Belgium), Persan (France) and Brossard (Montreal-Canada).

Wavre
Wavre (French pronunciation: [wavʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Åve-el-Roman-Payis; Dutch: Waver [ˈʋaːvər] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium.

Wavre is in the Dyle valley.  Most inhabitants speak French as their mother tongue and are called "Wavriens" and "Wavriennes".

The municipality consist of the following sub-municipalities: Bierges, Limal, and Wavre proper.

Wavre is also called "the City of the Maca", referring to the statue of the small boy trying to climb the wall of the city hall.  Tradition holds that touching the Maca's buttocks brings a year of luck.
Poush Mela
Poush Mela (Bengali: পৌষ মেলা) is an annual fair and festival that takes place in Santiniketan, in Birbhum District in the Indian state of West Bengal, marking the harvest season. Commencing on the 7th day of the month of Poush, the fair officially lasts for three days, although vendors may stay until the month-end as per the university regulations. From 2017 onwards, the fair lasted for six days. The key characteristic of this fair include live performances of Bengali folk music, such as baul, kirtan and Kobigan.

Kavigan
Kavigan (Bengali: কবিগান), Kobi Gaan, Kobi Lorai or Kabigan is a form of Bengali folk performance wherein folk poets sing and perform. A verbal duel among the poets, this mystic minstrels art was popular with rural folk form in nineteenth century in Bengal region, which includes the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh.. The mythological themes from both Hindu and Muslims religious texts were commonly used for Kobi Gaan.
Piz (river)
The Piz (Russian: Пизь) is a right tributary of the river Buy in Perm Krai, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Udmurtia, Russia. It is 151 kilometres (94 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 2,210 square kilometres (850 sq mi). It starts in the Yelovsky District of Perm Krai, then flows through Chaikovsky District on the border with Bashkortostan. It empties into the Buy on the border between the Udmurt Republic and Bashkortostan, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the larger river's mouth.

Main tributaries:

Left: Bolshaya Usa

Right: Posha

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Mania (The Lucy Show album)
Mania was released in 1986 in the UK and the U.S. on Big Time Records.  It was The Lucy Show's second, and final, album.  The band changed direction from the richly atmospheric and melancholy ...undone and aimed for a more upbeat,  commercial sound.  The album received better critical reviews than the debut album, and sold more copies, topping the CMJ charts in the US and earning some MTV airplay for the music video of the song, "A Million Things".  However, Big Time Records went bankrupt, leaving The Lucy Show once again without a label.  They continued to tour and record for some time, then called it quits in 1988.  In 2005, the Words on Music label issued the album on CD for the first time, adding several bonus tracks.

...Undone
...undone was released in 1985 in the UK and the U.S. on A&M Records. It was The Lucy Show's debut album. The band's sound at that time was brooding and melancholic, heavily influenced by – and favorably compared to – The Cure, Comsat Angels, and Joy Division. The album contains what are generally considered The Lucy Show's two best songs, "Ephemeral (This is no Heaven)" and "Undone". Although it sold reasonably well in the United States, topping the CMJ charts there, the band was dropped by A&M UK at the end of the year, sending them in search of a new label. In 2009, ...undone was released on CD for the first time by the Words on Music label.
Göztepe (İzmir Metro)
Göztepe is an underground station on the M1 Line of the İzmir Metro in Göztepe, Konak. Located under İnönü Avenue, it consists of two side platforms servicing two tracks. Connection to ESHOT bus service is available at street level.

Göztepe was opened on 25 March 2014 as part of a single station westward extension of the line from Hatay and was the western terminus of the line from 25 March 2014 to 27 July 2014. The extension to Fahrettin Altay opened on 27 July 2014.

Konak, İzmir
Konak is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 24 km2, and its population is 332,277 (2022). It is the most densely populated of the thirty districts of İzmir, and has historically acted as the administrative and economic core of the city. Situated in an area that roughly corresponds to the geographic center of İzmir, Konak extends for 11.4 kilometres (7 miles) along the southern coastline of the Gulf of İzmir. Konak district area neighbors the district areas of Bornova to the east, Balçova to the west and Buca and Karabağlar to the south. Konak center is connected to other districts of İzmir and beyond by a dense network of roads and railroads, as well as by a subway line currently being largely extended and by ferry services to Karşıyaka. Konak is a very active hub of industry, trade, commerce and services, with the number of companies exceeding sixty thousand and its exports nearing two billion US dollars in 2006.
The Mysterious Mr Quin
The Mysterious Mr Quin is a short story collection by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by William Collins & Sons on 14 April 1930 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.

Each chapter or story involves a separate mystery that is solved through the interaction between the characters of Mr Satterthwaite, an elderly socialite, and the eponymous Mr Quin who appears almost magically at the most opportune moments and disappears just as mysteriously.

In her foreword to the collection, Christie states: "Mr Quin, I consider, is an epicure's taste." (HarperCollins 2017 p. vii) Her husband Max Mallowan described the stories as "detection written in a fanciful vein, touching on the fairy story, a natural product of Agatha's peculiar imagination." Christie's favourite stories were 'The World's End', 'The Man from the Sea' and 'Harlequin's Lane'. (p. viii)

William Collins, Sons
William Collins, Sons & Co., often referred to as Collins, was a Scottish printing and publishing company founded by a Presbyterian schoolmaster, William Collins, in Glasgow in 1819, in partnership with Charles Chalmers, the younger brother of Thomas Chalmers, the minister of Tron Church in Glasgow.

Collins merged with Harper & Row in 1990, forming a new publisher named HarperCollins.
Suraj Nandan Kushwaha
Suraj Nandan Kushwaha was an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party, Bihar who served as the member of Bihar Legislative Council from 2014 till his death in 2018. He had served as the General Secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Bihar. He also served as the National President of the Rashtrawadi Kushwaha Parishad.

Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar
Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar (BJP Bihar) is a state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Bihar. Sanjay Saraogi the current president of the BJP Bihar. Ramdeo Mahto was founding leader of BJP in Bihar.
Guignardia
Guignardia is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae.

The genus name of Guignardia is in honour of Jean Louis Léon Guignard (1852–1928), who was a French pharmacist and botanist.

The genus was circumscribed by Pierre Viala and Louis Etienne Ravaz in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France vol.8, issue 63 on page 177 in 1892.

Botryosphaeriaceae
The Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), which is the type representative of the order Botryosphaeriales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 26 genera and over 1500 species. Members of this order include notable plant pathogens.
Warhammer 40,000: Deathwatch
Warhammer 40,000: Deathwatch – Tyranid Invasion is a turn-based tactics video game developed and published by Rodeo Games. Initially released for iOS on July 16, 2015, ports for Windows and PlayStation 4 were released as Warhammer 40,000: Deathwatch – Enhanced Edition. It is based on Games Workshop's tabletop wargame Warhammer 40,000. The game has been described as a spiritual successor to Hunters series.

Turn-based tactics
Turn-based tactics (TBT) is a sub-genre of strategy video games. They are turn-based simulations of operational warfare and military tactics in generally small-scale confrontations as opposed to more strategic considerations of turn-based strategy (TBS) games.  Turn-based tactical gameplay is characterized by the expectation of players to complete their tasks using only the combat forces provided to them in a generally realistic (or at least believable) manner.
Tom Braddock
Thomas Braddock (1887 – 9 December 1976) was a British politician. He was Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Mitcham from 1945 to 1950, when he was defeated by the Conservative Robert Carr.

Before the war he had contested the very-Conservative Wimbledon seat in 1931 and 1935, being heavily beaten.

He subsequently stood, without success, for the Kingston-upon-Thames constituency in the 1959 and 1964 general elections, on both occasions failing to unseat the Conservative incumbent, John Boyd-Carpenter, and one final time in Wimbledon in 1966.

John Boyd-Carpenter, Baron Boyd-Carpenter
John Archibald Boyd-Carpenter, Baron Boyd-Carpenter, PC, DL (2 June 1908 – 11 July 1998) was a British Conservative politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Kingston-upon-Thames from 1945 to 1972, when he was made a life peer. He served in several ministerial roles throughout the Conservative governments of 1951 to 1964, and was Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Paymaster General from 1962 to 1964.
Gyerim
Gyerim (Korean: 계림; Hanja: 鷄林) is a small woodland in Gyeongju, South Korea. The name literally means "rooster forest". The grove lies near the old site of the Silla kingdom palace in central Gyeongju. Nearby landmarks include the Banwolseong fortress, Cheomseongdae, the Gyeongju National Museum, and the Royal Tombs Complex.

Cheomseongdae
Cheomseongdae (Korean: 첨성대; Hanja: 瞻星臺; lit. star-gazing tower) is an astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, South Korea. Cheomseongdae is the oldest surviving astronomical observatory in Asia, and possibly even the world. It was constructed during the Silla period, during the reign of Queen Seondeok (r. 632–647 AD). Cheomseongdae was designated as the country's 31st national treasure on December 20, 1962. It is part of Gyeongju Historic Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica (U)
Ugain Point, Rugged Island

Ugarchin Point, Robert Island

Ugorelets Point, Low Island

Urania Cove, Two Hummock Island

Urda Ridge, Clarence Island

Urdoviza Glacier, Livingston Island

Urguri Nunatak, Trinity Peninsula

Urovene Cove, Graham Coast

Urvich Wall, Livingston Island

Ushi Cliffs, Oscar II Coast

Ushlinova Peak, Graham Coast

Ustina Point, Tower Island

Ustra Peak, Livingston Island

Utus Peak, Trinity Peninsula

Urovene Cove
Urovene Cove (Bulgarian: залив Уровене, ‘Zaliv Urovene’ \'za-liv u-ro-'ve-ne\) is the 2.65 km wide cove indenting for 2.75 km the southwest coast of Felipe Solo (Obligado) Peninsula, Graham Coast on the Antarctic Peninsula.  It is part of Barilari Bay, entered southeast of Laskar Point and northwest of Duyvis Point.  The cove was formed as a result of glacier retreat during the last three decades of the 20th century.

The feature is named after the settlement of Urovene in Northwestern Bulgaria.
Castilleja collegiorum
The perennial herbaceous plant Castilleja collegiorum is a species of Castilleja known by the common name collegial paintbrush.

It is endemic to a single meadow complex in Oregon, where it grows in open mixed-species meadow sites. Like all narrow endemics, it is highly vulnerable to habitat destruction.

Castilleja
Castilleja (/kəˈstɪliə/ kə-STIL-ee-ə or /ˌkæstɪˈleɪə/ KAS-til-AY-ə), commonly known as paintbrushes, painted cups, or prairie-fire, is a genus of about 200 species of annual and perennial mostly herbaceous plants native to the west of the Americas from Alaska south to the Andes, northern Asia, and one species as far west as the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. These plants are classified in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae (following major rearrangements of the order Lamiales starting around 2001; sources which do not follow these reclassifications may place them in the Scrophulariaceae). They are hemiparasitic on the roots of grasses and forbs. The genus was named after Spanish botanist Domingo Castillejo.
Athletics at the 1951 Pan American Games – Men's javelin throw
The men's javelin throw event at the 1951 Pan American Games was held at the Estadio Monumental in Buenos Aires on 3 March. 15 nations took part in the event with 243 athletes participating in 33 events.

Athletics at the 1951 Pan American Games
The Athletics Competition at the 1951 Pan American Games was held in the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. A total of 15 nations participated, with 243 athletes representing them in 33 athletics events.
Séamus Cullimore
Séamus Cullimore (born 22 July 1954) is a former Fianna Fáil politician from County Wexford, Ireland. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) and senator.

In 1987 Cullimore was nominated by the Taoiseach, Charles Haughey to the 18th Seanad. Two years later, at the 1989 general election, he was elected to Dáil Éireann for the Wexford constituency. He was defeated at the 1992 general election.

18th Seanad
The 18th Seanad was in office from 1987 to 1989. An election to Seanad Éireann, the Senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1987 general election to the 25th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 19th Seanad.
Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO
The Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO (DPE) is a semi-autonomous "trade" department of the AFL–CIO, and serves as an advocate for professional workers within the federation, and before legislative bodies, the press and the public.

Albert Shanker
Albert Shanker (September 14, 1928 – February 22, 1997) was an American union organizer and labor activist. He served as president of the United Federation of Teachers from 1964 to 1985, and president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) from 1974 to 1997.
Infundibulum (heart)
The infundibulum (also known as conus arteriosus) is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises. It develops from the bulbus cordis. Typically, the infundibulum refers to the corresponding internal structure, whereas the conus arteriosus refers to the external structure. Defects in infundibulum development can result in a heart condition known as tetralogy of Fallot.

A tendinous band extends upward from the right atrioventricular fibrous ring and connects the posterior surface of the infundibulum to the aorta.  The infundibulum is the entrance from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and pulmonary trunk.  The wall of the infundibulum is smooth.

Aorta
The aorta (/eɪˈɔːrtə/ ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.
Greilickville, Michigan
Greilickville (/ˈɡraɪlɪkvɪl, ɡreɪ-/ GRY-lik-vil, GRAY-) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,634, up from 1,530 at the 2010 census. The community is located within Elmwood Charter Township, and is located in the extreme southeast of the Leelanau Peninsula.

The community is located on the western shore of the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. Greilickville is immediately northwest of Traverse City, and is part of that city's urban area. Greilickville is the largest community in Leelanau County by population.

Suttons Bay, Michigan
Suttons Bay is a village in Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population in the village reached 613 at the 2020 census. Located within Suttons Bay Township, the community lies upon the shore of the eponymous Suttons Bay, a smaller inlet of Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.
California Pacific Computer Company
California Pacific Computer Co. was a computer software and game publisher active from 1979 to 1986, founded in Davis, California by Alvin Remmers. Its software was published exclusively for the Apple II computer and was an early commercial outlet for several important game designers including Richard Garriott, Bill Budge, and Michael Pondsmith.

Davis, California
Davis is the most populous city in Yolo County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 66,850 in 2020, not including the on-campus population of the University of California, Davis, which was over 9,400 (not including students' families) in 2016. As of 2023, there were 40,850 students enrolled at the university, which is known as the biking capital of America.
Poetic Meter and Poetic Form
Poetic Meter and Poetic Form is a book by Paul Fussell, published by McGraw Hill in 1965, and later as a revised edition in 1979 (ISBN 0-07-553606-4).

Fussell distinguishes four types of meter:

Syllabic

Accentual

Accentual-syllabic

Quantitative

Syllabic verse
Syllabic verse is a poetic form having a fixed or constrained number of syllables per line, while stress, quantity, or tone play a distinctly secondary role—or no role at all—in the verse structure. It is common in languages that are syllable-timed, such as French or Finnish, as opposed to stress-timed languages such as English, in which accentual verse and accentual-syllabic verse are more common.
Definable real number
Informally, a definable real number is a real number that can be uniquely specified by its description.  The description may be expressed as a construction or as a formula of a formal language. For example, the positive square root of 2, , can be defined as the unique positive solution to the equation , and it can be constructed with a compass and straightedge.

Different choices of a formal language or its interpretation give rise to different notions of definability.  Specific varieties of definable numbers include the  constructible numbers of geometry, the algebraic numbers, and the computable numbers. Because formal languages can have only countably many formulas, every notion of definable numbers has at most countably many definable real numbers. However, by Cantor's diagonal argument, there are uncountably many real numbers, so almost every real number is undefinable.

Arithmetical hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy (after mathematicians Stephen Cole Kleene and Andrzej Mostowski) classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them.  Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical.  The arithmetical hierarchy was invented independently by Kleene (1943) and Mostowski (1946).

The arithmetical hierarchy is important in computability theory, effective descriptive set theory, and the study of formal theories such as Peano arithmetic.

The Tarski–Kuratowski algorithm provides an easy way to get an upper bound on the classifications assigned to a formula and the set it defines.

The hyperarithmetical hierarchy and the analytical hierarchy extend the arithmetical hierarchy to classify additional formulas and sets.
1992 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament
The 1992 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament began on 31 January 1992, and is the 9th CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament. This was the 1st tournament open to players under the age of 23 without any other restriction. There is no qualification stage and all 10 member of CONMEBOL automatic qualified. The winner and the runner-up qualified for 1992 Summer Olympics. Players born on or after 1 January 1969 were eligible to play in this competition.

CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament
The CONMEBOL Preolímpico (English: Pre-Olympic Tournament) is an international association football event in the South America region organized by CONMEBOL. It is the qualification tournament for the football tournament at the Olympic Games.

In 1960, teams from North and Central America also entered the tournament. Before 1984, only junior or non-professional players were allowed to participate. In 1987 the competition opened to any player who had not played in World Cup (whether a qualifying match or at the final tournament). Due to an International Olympic Committee ruling, since 1992, male competitors have been required to be under 23 years old, and since 1996, a maximum of three over-23-year-old players have been allowed per squad.

The tournament was not held between 2007 and 2015, as the South American Youth Championship was chosen as the qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games. The competition was re-introduced for the 2020 games.
Pasuruan–Kalisat–Banyuwangi railway
Pasuruan–Kalisat–Banyuwangi railway is a railway line that connecting between Pasuruan and Ketapang, Banyuwangi via Jember and Kalisat. This line include in Operational IX Jember in around railway line, also have a railway tunnel, like the Mrawan railway tunnel and Garahan railway tunnel.

Staatsspoorwegen
Staatsspoorwegen (Dutch for State Railways, full name: Dienst der Staatsspoor- en Tramwegen in Nederlandsch–Indië (State Railways and Tramways Service in the Netherlands Indies, SS en T), commonly abbreviated as SS) was a state-owned railway company managed by the Dutch East Indies colonial government. It was absorbed into the present Kereta Api Indonesia after Indonesian independence in 1945. The main competitor was Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS) as private-owned railways company which had standard gauge and cape gauge lines.

Staatsspoorwegen operated railways with three gauges: 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) for heavy lines, and 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and 2 ft (610 mm) for tramways.