hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reflection phase change
A phase change sometimes occurs when a wave is reflected, specifically from a medium with faster wave speed to the boundary of a medium with slower wave speed. Such reflections occur for many types of wave, including light waves, sound waves, and waves on vibrating strings.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Magicana
Magicana is a Canadian federally incorporated not-for-profit arts organization dedicated to the study, exploration and advancement of magic as a performing art. Magicana is governed by a volunteer board of directors. Julie Eng serves as Magicana's executive director and David Ben as its artistic director.

Johnny Thompson
John Max Thompson (July 27, 1934 – March 9, 2019) was an American comedian and Las Vegas illusionist who performed under the stage name The Great Tomsoni with his wife, Pamela Hayes. They had a comedic slapstick act with the well-dressed Thompson and his gum-popping assistant, Pam, performing illusions while enduring a series of mishaps. Within the magician community, Tomsoni was considered a virtuoso, widely known as a mentor and teacher of magic, and a creator of tricks, as opposed to simply a performer. He worked behind the scenes with magicians such as Penn and Teller, Lance Burton, Criss Angel, and Mat Franco. In 1999, he was awarded one of the highest honors in the magician community, a Masters Fellowship with the Academy of Magical Arts. January 30, 2020, Showtime released a documentary about Thompson written and directed by Emery Emery called Gambler's Ballad: The Legend of Johnny Thompson.
He Lover of Death
He Lover of Death is a novel by Russian author Boris Akunin. The book is a historical detective novel featuring the fictional character Erast Fandorin. The book was initially published in Russia in 2001. This is the ninth novel in the Erast Fandorin series The book was released in English by Weidenfeld and Nicolson in 2010.

Erast Fandorin
Erast Petrovich Fandorin (Russian: Эраст Петрович Фандорин) is a fictional 19th-century Russian detective and the hero of a series of Russian historical detective novels by Boris Akunin.

The first Fandorin novel (The Winter Queen, Russian: Азазель) was published in Russia in 1998, and the latest and the last one in 2023 (The Pit, Russian: Яма). More than 15 million copies of Fandorin novels have been sold as of May 2006, even though the novels were freely available from many Russian websites and the hard copies were relatively expensive by Russian standards. New books in the Fandorin series typically sell over 200,000 copies in the first week alone, with an unparalleled (for mystery novels) first edition of 50,000 copies for the first books to 500,000 copies for the last.

The English translations of the novels have been critically acclaimed by, among others, Ruth Rendell.
Space Race (TV series)
Space Race is a BBC docudrama series first shown in Britain on BBC2 between 14 September and 5 October 2005, chronicling the major events and characters in the American/Soviet space race up to the first landing of a man on the Moon. It focuses on Sergei Korolev, the Soviet chief rocket designer, and Wernher von Braun, his American counterpart. The series was a joint effort between British, German, American and Russian production teams.

Alexei Leonov
Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (30 May 1934 – 11 October 2019) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut and aviator, Air Force major general, writer, and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first person to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for 12 minutes and 9 seconds. He was also selected to be the first Soviet person to land on the Moon although the project was eventually cancelled.

In July 1975, Leonov commanded the Soyuz capsule in the Apollo–Soyuz mission, which docked in space for two days with an American Apollo capsule.

Leonov was twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1965, 1975), a Major General of Aviation (1975), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1981), and a member of the Supreme Council of the United Russia party (2002–2019).
Falcatamacaris
Falcatamacaris is an extinct genus of Cambrian artiopodan arthropod, only known from the type species F. bellua described in 2014, from the Guzhangian (Cambrian Stage 3) aged Weeks Formation in Utah. The holotype specimen is over 10 cm long (not including the absent telson). The trunk consists of 11 tergites, with crescent shaped pleural spines. Its placement within the Artiopoda was unresolved.

Artiopoda
Artiopoda is a clade of extinct arthropods that includes trilobites and their close relatives. It was erected by Hou and Bergström in 1997 to encompass a wide diversity of arthropods that would traditionally have been assigned to the Trilobitomorpha. Trilobites, in part due to abundance of findings owing to their mineralized exoskeletons, are by far the best recorded, diverse, and long lived members of the clade. Other members, which lack mineralised exoskeletons, are known mostly from Cambrian deposits.
Capergnanica
Capergnanica (Cremasco: Caergnàniga) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Bergamo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Cremona.

The municipality of Capergnanica contains the frazione (subdivision) Passarera.

Capergnanica borders the following municipalities: Casaletto Ceredano, Chieve, Credera Rubbiano, Crema, Ripalta Cremasca.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Zaraza, Guárico
Zaraza  is a Venezuelan city and the capital of Pedro Zaraza Municipality, located in eastern Guárico in the region of Los Llanos. It is named after a Venezuelan soldier who fought with Gregor MacGregor.

Zaraza is one of the major cities of Guárico State, along with Calabozo, Valle de la Pascua, and San Juan de los Morros. As of the year 2019, it has a total population of 58,200.

Calabozo
Calabozo, officially Villa de Todos los Santos de Calabozo, is a city in Venezuela located in Guárico state, capital of the Francisco de Miranda Municipality and former capital of the state. It has a population of 168,605, according to the National Institute of Statistics (INE) in 2020. It is located in the center-west of Guárico state, and is one of the main rice producers in the country. In addition, it has the largest irrigation system in Venezuela.

Calabozo, is a mostly colonial city and is linked to its modern urban areas, being the largest colonial center in the country, and is located at 105 m a.s.l. n. m., at the margin of the Guárico River in the high central plain. Its location is on the banks of the Generoso Campilongo Dam, an important work both in its time and today, being the largest in Venezuela and one of the largest in Latin America. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Calabozo.
2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held at the ASPIRE Dome on 12 and 13 March 2010.

The winning margin was 31 cm which as of July 2024 remains the only time the men's pole vault was won by more than 25 cm at these championships.

2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was held between 12 and 14 March at the Aspire Dome in Doha, Qatar. The championships was the first of six IAAF World Athletics Series events to take place in 2010.
Battle of Spokane Plains
The Battle of Spokane Plains was a battle during the Coeur d'Alene War of 1858 in the Washington Territory (now the states of Washington and Idaho) in the United States. The Coeur d'Alene War was part of the Yakima War, which began in 1855. The battle was fought west of Fort George Wright near Spokane, Washington, between elements of the United States Army and a coalition of Native American tribes consisting of Kalispel (Pend Oreille), Palus, Schitsu'umsh (Coeur d'Alene), Spokan, and Yakama warriors.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Margin of Error (The Wire)
"Margin of Error" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire. Written by Eric Overmyer from a story by Ed Burns & Eric Overmyer,  and directed by Dan Attias, it originally aired on October 15, 2006.

Dukie Weems
Duquan "Dukie" Weems is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by Jermaine Crawford. Dukie is a student at Edward Tilghman Middle School. He has a difficult home life because the adults in his home are either alcoholics or drug addicts. He is a recurring target for teasing and bullying because of his lack of personal hygiene, his offensive body odor, and his dirty clothes.

There is no running water in his house, and his parents sell any clean clothes donated to him. He has to depend upon his three friends – Namond Brice, Michael Lee, and Randy Wagstaff – for emotional and sometimes financial support. Namond has a tendency to bully him, but Michael remains consistently loyal to Dukie.

His original nickname, "Dukie", is a homophone for a slang term for feces. After Mr. Prez voluntarily lets him use the school showers and washes his clothing, his peers begin to call him "Duke" instead.
Trinocular perspective
A trinocular perspective is an analytical tool in Systemic functional linguistics. Michael Halliday introduced the term using a cartographic hierarchy of stratification whereby three viewpoints were identified:

"from above" (from a higher stratum)

"from roundabout" (from its own stratum, its own primary location)

"from below"(from a lower stratum)

Halliday's colleague, C. M. I. M. Matthiessen has suggested that the approach could be used with other global semiotic dimensions, specifying:

the cline of instantiation

the spectrum of metafunction

the hierarchy of rank

the hierarchy of axis

C. M. I. M. Matthiessen
Christian Matthias Ingemar Martin Matthiessen (born 1956) is a Swedish-born linguist and a leading figure in the systemic functional linguistics (SFL) school, having authored or co-authored more than 100 books, refereed journal articles, and papers in refereed conference proceedings, with contributions to three television programs. One of his major works is Lexicogrammatical cartography (1995), a 700-page study of the grammatical systems of English from the perspective of SFL. He has co-authored a number of books with Michael Halliday. Since 2008 he has been a professor in the Department of English at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Before this, he was Chair of the Department of Linguistics at Macquarie University in Sydney.
Pointe-aux-Prairies Nature Park
Pointe-aux-Prairies Nature Park is a large nature park in the Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The park is divided into three sections.  The northern part is between Gouin Boulevard East and Autoroute 40.  The central section is between Autoroute 40 and Sherbrooke Street East.  The southern section is between Sherbrooke Street East and the Saint Lawrence River.

Covering an area of 261 hectares (640 acres), the park features marshes, fields and forests.

Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles
Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ de pʁɛʁi pwɛ̃t o tʁɑ̃bl]) is a suburban borough (arrondissement) on the eastern tip of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  It is located at the eastern end of the Island of Montreal.
Old Field, Bray
Old Field at Bray, Berkshire was a noted cricket ground in the late 18th century. It was used as the venue for important matches between 1792 and 1794, in addition to numerous minor matches.

Bray is near Maidenhead, and the ground was the home venue of Maidenhead Cricket Club when it was founded in the second half of the 18th century. It was used by the Berkshire county team which was strong at that time.

The name of the venue is correctly rendered "Old Field, Bray" but the designation "Oldfield Bray" is given by Scores and Biographies (S&B) which also calls the Berkshire team "Oldfield" in one match. CricketArchive explains that S&B, and some other sources, use "Oldfield Bray" as if "Bray" were part of the name of the ground. It has been established that the ground was called Old Field, and it was located in the parish of Bray, which in the 18th century included the southern half of what became Maidenhead, itself created as a separate parish in 1894.

Bray, Berkshire
Bray, occasionally Bray on Thames, is a village and civil parish in the Windsor and Maidenhead district, in the ceremonial county of Berkshire. It sits on the banks of the River Thames, to the southeast of Maidenhead with which it is contiguous. The village is mentioned in the comedic song "The Vicar of Bray". Bray contains two of the nine three-Michelin-starred restaurants in the United Kingdom and has several large business premises including Bray Studios at Water Oakley, where the first series of Hammer Horror films were produced.
Project diary
A project diary (also history, journal or log) is a record of a project which is compiled while it is being done.

This record might be used as legal evidence if there is a dispute about the outcome of the project such as a cost overrun.  To facilitate this, entries should be indelible, time-stamped and signed so that they may not be easily altered in retrospect.  The details kept would typically include a record of the time and content of communications such as orders and instructions; events, incidents and their remediation; and the names of the people and parties responsible.

Project
A project is a type of assignment, typically involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a specific objective.

An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations".

A project may be a temporary (rather than a permanent) social system (work system), possibly staffed by teams (within or across organizations) to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints.: Section 1.2

A project may form a part of wider programme management: 1  or function as an ad hoc system.: 922

Open-source software "projects" or artists' musical "projects" (for example) may lack defined team-membership, precise planning and/or time-limited durations.
Administrative divisions of Japan
The bureaucratic administration of Japan is divided into three basic levels: national, prefectural, and municipal. They are defined by the Local Autonomy Act of 1947.

Below the national government there are 47 prefectures, six of which are further subdivided into subprefectures to better service large geographical areas or remote islands.

The 1718 municipalities (792 cities, 743 towns, and 183 villages) and 23 special wards of Tokyo are the lowest level of government; the twenty most-populated cities outside Tokyo Metropolis are known as designated cities, and are subdivided into wards.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
Instapoetry
Instapoetry is a style of poetry that emerged after the advent of social media, especially on Instagram. The term has been used to describe poems written specifically for being shared online, most commonly on Instagram, but also other platforms including Twitter, Tumblr, and TikTok.

The style usually consists of short, direct lines in aesthetically pleasing fonts that are sometimes accompanied by an image or drawing, often without rhyme schemes or meter, and dealing with commonplace themes. Literary critics, poets, and writers have contended with Instapoetry's focus on brevity and plainness compared to traditional poetry, criticizing it for reproducing rather than subverting normative ideas on social media platforms that favor popularity and accessibility over craft and depth.

Tumblr
Tumblr (/ˈtʌmblər/ TUM-blər) is a microblogging and social media platform founded by David Karp in 2007 and is owned by American company Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. It was also noted for being socially progressive in the 2010s.
Park, Lewis
Park (Scottish Gaelic: A' Phàirc), also known as South Lochs, is a huge area of land connected to the rest of Lewis only by a narrow neck between Loch Seaforth and Loch Erisort. This had a wall called Gàrradh an Tighearna ("The Laird's Dyke") built across it by the Earl of Seaforth in the early 17th century, the outline of which can still be seen.

Only the north of Park is now inhabited: settlements in the south were cleared by Sir James Matheson in the nineteenth century. A famous deer raid took place here in 1887 as a demonstration by starving people, commemorated by a broch resembling a cairn at the Eishken junction. Much of this area is still used for deer stalking.

Loch Erisort
Loch Erisort (Scottish Gaelic: Èireasort) is an 8-mile (13-kilometre) long narrow sea inlet on the east coast of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides off the west coast of Scotland.

The nearest town is Balallan. The loch is used by salmon fish farms.

The Loch is home to nesting Sea eagles, sea otters, deer, golden eagles and common seals.

Loch Erisort was thought to be the site of a dangerous programme about a secret mini sub testing in 1942.

Its name is a relic of the Viking Age and came from Old Norse Eiríksfjorðr = "Eric's fjord".
Pseudophilotes vicrama
Pseudophilotes vicrama, the eastern baton blue, is a small butterfly found in Asia, east to Tian Shan and parts of China, west to the Balkans, Turkey, eastern Europe to southern Finland. It belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1865.

Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth
Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth (occasionally unhyphenated; 15 August 1906 – 16 April 1963) was an English schoolteacher and amateur naturalist who wrote one of the first field guides to the butterflies of the Indian region. He was also involved in censuses of the Asiatic lion at the Gir forest.
Cedar District Formation
The Cedar District Formation is a geologic formation exposed on Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands of British Columbia and San Juan Islands of Washington (state). It preserves fossils dating back to the Campanian Epoch of the Cretaceous period. It dates to the lower mid-Campanian.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Charlie Sands (baseball)
Charles Duane Sands (December 17, 1947 – August 22, 2016) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher, pinch hitter and designated hitter for the New York Yankees (1967), Pittsburgh Pirates (1971–72), California Angels (1973–74) and Oakland Athletics (1975). Sands stood 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall, weighed 200 pounds (91 kg), batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Sands was a member of the Pirates' 1971 National League and World Series champions, and batted one time in the Fall Classic, pinch hitting for Bob Veale in the sixth inning of Game 2 and striking out against eventual Hall of Famer Jim Palmer.

Over six seasons he played in 93 games and had 145 at-bats, 15 runs, 31 hits, 6 doubles, 1 triple, 6 home runs, 23 RBI, 36 walks, .214 batting average, .372 on-base percentage, .393 slugging percentage, 57 total bases, 1 sacrifice fly and 4 intentional walks. He died on August 22, 2016, at the age of 68.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Comptonia columbiana
Comptonia columbiana is an extinct species of sweet fern in the flowering plant family Myricaceae. The species is known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of central to southern British Columbia, Canada, plus northern Washington state, United States, and, tentatively, the late Eocene of Southern Idaho and Earliest Oligocene of Oregon, United States.

Myricaceae
Myricaceae is a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. Its type genus is Myrica, the sweet gales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from Myrica into a fourth genus Morella. About 55 species are usually accepted in Myrica (with Morella included), one in Canacomyrica, and one in Comptonia.

Well-known members of this family include bayberry and sweetfern.

Canacomyrica Guillaumin 1940

Comptonia L'Hér. 1789

Myrica L. 1753 (includes Morella Lour. 1790)