hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joginder Singh (police officer)
Joginder Singh (c. 1940 – 3 February 2017) was an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the 1961 Karnataka cadre, who served as the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) from 31 July 1996, to 30 June 1997. Known for leading high-profile investigations into the Bofors scandal, Bihar fodder scam, and JMM bribery case, he was a vocal critic of political interference in the CBI. Singh authored over 25 books, including Inside CBI and Make a Way Where There is None, and wrote columns on corruption, terrorism, and governance. His tenure was marked by controversy, including his premature dismissal in 1997.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Camp Point, Illinois
Camp Point is a village in Adams County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,121 at the 2020 census, down from 1,132 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Adams County, Illinois
Adams County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 65,737. Its county seat is Quincy. Adams County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Balun Bindarray Bridge
The Balun Bindarray Bridge, formerly the New Grafton Bridge, is a bridge located 70 metres (230 ft) east of the Grafton Bridge and opened to traffic on 12 December 2019. The bridge carries two lanes of Shirley Adams Way (Summerland Way) and has been designed to be increased to four lanes when traffic levels require it. It also carries a grade-separated footpath and cycleway.

Clarence Valley Council
Clarence Valley Council is a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

The council services an area of 10,441 square kilometres (4,031 sq mi) and draws its name from the Clarence River, which flows through most of the council area. The area under management is adjacent to the Pacific Highway, the Gwydir Highway and the North Coast railway line. The Clarence Valley region includes the coastal plain and lower valleys of the Clarence and Nymboida river. Most of the valley is agricultural; however, the oceanside towns of Yamba and Iluka are popular holiday resorts.

The council was formed in February 2004 by the merger of the City of Grafton and Maclean Shire, and parts of Copmanhurst, Pristine Waters and Richmond Valley local government areas, and the activities of North Coast Water and Clarence River County Council.

The mayor of Clarence Valley Council is Ray Smith. The Deputy Mayor is Greg Clancy.
Upper Cut Meat, South Dakota
Upper Cut Meat is a small settlement on the Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota, United States. It consists of 11 homes and several others in the surrounding area. The town has a Community Center and a basketball court, as well as a playground.

Rosebud Indian Reservation
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in South Dakota, United States. It is the home of the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe, who are Sicangu, a band of Lakota people. The Lakota name Sicangu Oyate translates as the "Burnt Thigh Nation", also known by the French term, the Brulé Sioux.

The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of the Great Sioux Reservation, which was created by the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868). The Great Sioux Reservation had covered all of West River, South Dakota (the area west of the Missouri River), as well as part of northern Nebraska and eastern Montana. Since its founding, the Rosebud reservation has been reduced considerably in size, as has happened with the other Lakota and Dakota reservations. Now, it includes Todd County, South Dakota, and certain communities and lands in the four adjacent counties.
Treaty of Badajoz (1801)
The Treaty of Badajoz is a peace treaty of the 19th century signed by Spain and Portugal on 6 June 1801. Portugal ceded the border town of Olivenza to Spain and closed its ports to British military and commercial shipping.

On the same day, Portugal signed a separate Treaty of Badajoz with France, which Napoleon, then First Consul of France, refused to sign. An amended version was agreed in September 1801, which is known as the Treaty of Madrid; France received large parts of Portuguese South America in what is now Brazil plus a payment of 20 million francs.

Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)
The Anglo-Spanish War was fought between 1796 and 1802, and again from 1804 to 1808, as part of the Coalition Wars. The war ended when an unexpected alliance was formed between Great Britain and the Spanish Bourbon dynasty, resulting in the French invasion. The Anglo-Spanish alliance eventually ended in military victory against Napoleonic France, instrumental in ending Napoleon's reign and dominance over Europe.
Elizabeth of Ladymead
Elizabeth of Ladymead is a 1948 British Technicolor drama film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle, Hugh Williams, Isabel Jeans and Bernard Lee.  It charts the life of a British family between 1854 and 1945 and their involvement in four wars - the Crimean War, Boer War, First World War and Second World War. In each era a Beresford is in the army and dresses in the uniform of the age in most scenes, even at home.

It was shot at Shepperton Studios near London. The film's sets were designed by the art director William C. Andrews.
The drama was remade by the BBC as a TV production in 1949, with Patricia Burke as Elizabeth, John Robinson as John Beresford, and Cathleen Nesbitt as Mother.

Shepperton Studios
Shepperton Studios is a film studio located in Shepperton, Middlesex, England, with a history dating back to 1931. It is now part of the Pinewood Studios Group. During its early existence, the studio was branded as Sound City (not to be confused with the Californian Sound City Studios).
1967 European Baseball Championship
The 1967 European Baseball Championship was held in Antwerp, Belgium and was won by Belgium. Great Britain, in its first continental championship, finished in second place. It was the best-ever finish for either team, with the British also finishing second in 2007 and 2023.

The two dominant European teams, the Netherlands and Italy, winners of every other title from 1956 through 2023, did not compete. Both teams had left the Confederation of European Baseball over how the federation's president was elected. Both countries returned for the 1969 championship.

It was the last edition of the tournament held in Belgium until 2025, when Antwerp hosted part of the first round of the championship.

2023 European Baseball Championship
The 2023 European Baseball Championship was an international baseball tournament organized by WBSC Europe. It was held in five cities in the Czech Republic, from September 24 to October 1, 2023. The championship marked the first time in history, excluding three occasions when they did not enter the tournament, that the Netherlands did not feature in the final, having lost 7–6 to Spain in the semi-finals.
Saksanokhur gold buckle
The Saksanokhur gold buckle is an ancient belt buckle in gold repoussé, discovered in the Hellenistic archaeological site of Saksanokhur, South Tajikistan. The plate represents a nomadic horserider spearing a boar, set within a rectangular decorative frame. The buckle is generally dated to the 1st–2nd century CE, although Francfort dates it earlier to the 2nd–1st century BCE, as do the curators for the Guimet Museum, and the National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan.

Takht-i Sangin
Takht-i Sangin (Tajik: Тахти Сангин, lit. 'Throne of Stone'") is an archaeological site located near the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, the source of the Amu Darya, in southern Tajikistan. During the Hellenistic period it was a city in the Greco-Bactrian kingdom with a large temple dedicated to the Oxus (Vakhsh river), which remained in use in the following Kushan period, until the third century AD. The site may have been the source of the Oxus Treasure.
Eliot Weinberger
Eliot Weinberger (born 6 February 1949 in New York City) is an American writer, essayist, editor, and translator. He is primarily known for his essays and political articles, the former characterized by their wide-ranging subjects and experimental style, verging on a kind of documentary prose poetry, and the latter highly critical of American politics and foreign policy. His work regularly appears in translation and has been published in more than thirty languages.

New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin (1914–1997) and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
Bridges in Bihar
The state of Bihar has a number of bridges, extending from few metres to a few kilometres. The history of long bridges goes back to the British Empire when the site for the Koilwar bridge (Abdul Bari bridge) was surveyed in 1851. Since then a number of small and large bridges have crept up. Some are even largest of their kind. Mahatma Gandhi Setu, joining Patna and Hajipur was India's longest river bridge from 1982 to 2017.

Sone River
Sone River, also spelt Son River, is a perennial river located in central India. It originates near Amarkantak Hill in Pendra (Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district), Chhattisgarh and finally merges with the Ganges river near Maner in Patna, Bihar. The Sone River is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna River. India's oldest river bridge Koilwar Bridge over the Sone River connects Arrah with Patna. Sone river is famous for its sand across country. Multiple dams and hydro-electric projects run on its course towards the Ganges.The river is also mentioned in Valmiki Ramayans's Balkand where Ram. Laxman along with Vishvamitra is crossing the river to further go north towards Ganga.
Stephen Brinkley
Stephen Brinkley (c. 1550 – missing since 1585) was an English printer, covertly producing Roman Catholic literature under Elizabeth I of England. He was imprisoned and tortured as manager of a secret press for the publication of devotional and controversial works.

Joseph Gillow
Joseph Gillow (5 October 1850, Preston, Lancashire – 17 March 1921, Westholme, Hale, Cheshire) was an English Roman Catholic antiquary, historian and bio-bibliographer, "the Plutarch of the English Catholics".
The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts (JLA) is a quarterly, student-edited law review published at Columbia Law School. The Journal publishes articles and notes dedicated to in-depth coverage of current legal issues in the art, entertainment, sports, intellectual property, and communications industries. It features contributions by scholars, judges, practitioners, and students.

JLA is affiliated with the Kernochan Center for Law, Media, and the Arts and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Society at Columbia Law School. Its Board of Advisors currently includes Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh, June M. Besek, Professor Jane C. Ginsburg,  Trey Hatch, Adria G. Kaplan, Philippa Loengard, and David Leichtman. Past members of the Board of Advisors include Gilbert S. Edelson and Morton L. Janklow.

Art and culture law
Art and culture law (or Art Law) covers legal aspects of the visual arts, antiquities, cultural heritage, and the art market. This law includes the safeguarding, regulation, and facilitation of three artistic activities—creation, utilization, and promotion. To protect their clients' interests, practitioners of art law navigate various legal areas: intellectual property, contract, constitutional, tort, tax, commercial, immigration, estates and wills, cultural property, international, and others.

Art law primarily focuses on fine and visual arts, even though the term art encompasses a broad range of creative forms. This law safeguards the rights of parties who are involved with art, including artists, collectors, galleries, and museums; it also fosters activities that are associated with art, including creation, preservation, and distribution. Beyond protecting individuals, art law plays a central role in supporting the broader artistic and cultural landscape.
Sunit Kumar
Sunit Kumar (born 10 November 1955), is a retired Indian Police Service (I.P.S.) officer of Bihar cadre in India and served as Chairman of Bihar Police Subordinate Services Commission (BPSSC) in the state of Bihar from April 2017 to November 2020. He has also served as Director General of Police in the state of Bihar retiring from service in November 2015. He belongs to the I.P.S. batch of 1980. He has also served as Director of Bihar Police Academy and Chairman of the Bihar Central Selection Board of Constable (CSBC).

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
4401 Aditi
4401 Aditi (provisional designation 1985 TB) is an eccentric, stony asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object and Amor asteroid, approximately 1.8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 October 1985 by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California, and later named after the Hindu goddess Aditi.

Amor asteroid
The Amor asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after the archetype object 1221 Amor /ˈeɪmɔːr/. The orbital perihelion of these objects is close to, but greater than, the orbital aphelion of Earth (i.e., the objects do not cross Earth's orbit), with most Amors crossing the orbit of Mars. The Amor asteroid 433 Eros was the first asteroid to be orbited and landed upon by a robotic space probe (NEAR Shoemaker).
Bob Quinn (Australian footballer)
Robert Berrima Quinn MM (9 April 1915 – 12 September 2008) was a champion Australian rules footballer with the Port Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), and a decorated soldier of the Second World War.

Norwood Football Club
The Norwood Football Club, nicknamed the Redlegs, is an Australian rules football club competing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Its home ground is Coopers Stadium (Norwood Oval), which is often referred to as "The Parade". It is one of the two traditional powerhouse clubs of the SANFL, the other being Port Adelaide, who together have won half of all SANFL premierships (see Port Adelaide–Norwood SANFL rivalry). The club has won 31 SANFL premierships and 1 SANFLW premiership.
Józef Kossakowski (bishop)
Józef Kazimierz Korwin Kossakowski (16 March 1738 – 9 May 1794), of Ślepowron coat of arms, was a Polish noble, bishop of Livonia from 1781, political activist, writer, and supporter of Russian Empire.

Hetman
Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after  the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors.
Vinyl propionate
Vinyl propionate is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CO2CH=CH2.  This colorless liquid is the ester of propionic acid and vinyl alcohol.  It is used to produce poly(vinyl propionate) as well as copolymers with acrylate esters,
vinyl chloride, and vinyl acetate, some of which are used in paints.  The compound resembles vinyl acetate.

Since vinyl alcohol is not available, vinyl propionate is produced by the addition of propionic acid to acetylene.  The reaction is catalyzed by carbon and zinc salts.

Acrylate
Acrylates (IUPAC: prop-2-enoates) are the salts, esters, and conjugate bases of acrylic acid.  The acrylate ion is the anion CH2=CHCO−2. Often, acrylate refers to esters of acrylic acid, the most common member being methyl acrylate. These acrylates contain vinyl groups. These compounds are of interest because they are bifunctional: the vinyl group is susceptible to polymerization and the carboxylate group carries myriad functionalities.
Tenala
Tenala (Finnish: Tenhola) is a former municipality in Uusimaa, Finland. It was neighboured by Hanko, Kisko, Perniö, Pohja, Särkisalo and Ekenäs.

The municipality was established in 1329. The stone church of Tenala was built in late 15th century and the paintings on the piers are from the 17th century. The bell tower of the church was renovated in 1762. In 1988, Tenala had 2991 inhabitants living in an area of 443.6 km2 and 86.96% of the inhabitants spoke Swedish as their native language. In 1993, the municipality consolidated with Ekenäs. In 2009, Tenala became a part of the newly established city of Raseborg.

Perniö
Perniö (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈperniø]; Swedish: Bjärnå) is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with Salo on January 1, 2009.

It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 6,026 (2004-12-31) and covered an area of 407.79 km² (excluding sea) of which 9.91 km² is inland water. The population density was 15.15 inhabitants per km².

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Begonia minor
Begonia minor is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae, native to Jamaica. It's also been introduced to Madeira, Réunion, and the Society Islands. In 1777, it was the first Begonia to be introduced to Great Britain. Initially, this specimen was known as B. nitida. "Nitida" means "shining leaves."

B. minor has a shrub-like growing habit, and produces masses of pink flowers year-round. When planted in gardens, it can grow to be 3 feet or more in size.

Begonia
Begonia  is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species, distributed primarily across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, with Africa considered the center of origin. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates, or cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have petals but no sepals.
Jose Vega (fighter)
Jose Vega (born September 9, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the bantamweight division. A professional competitor since 2008, Vega has formerly competed for Bellator Fighting Championships and Titan Fighting Championship.

2010 in Bellator MMA
2010 in Bellator MMA was the second installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships (Bellator FC)-produced series. It started on April 8, 2010, and ended on June 24, 2010. Tournaments were held in the featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and middleweight divisions. The winner of each tournament will get a shot at the current Bellator Champion in his respective weight class. Three of the four current Bellator Champions also fought during this season in "Super Fights". These non-tournament, non-title catch-weight fights were to help prepare the champions in defending their titles against the winners of this season's tournaments sometime in the third season.
Krenites Arotras
Krinites or Krenites Arotras (Greek: Κρινίτης or Κρηνίτης Ἀροτρᾶς) was a Byzantine aristocrat and military governor in southern Greece. He is most notable for suppressing a Slavic revolt in the Peloponnese in 921/22.

Peter Charanis
Peter Charanis (1908 – 23 March 1985), born Panagiotis Charanis (Greek: Παναγιώτης Χαρανής), was a Greek-born American scholar of Byzantium and the Voorhees Professor of History at Rutgers University. Charanis was long associated with the Dumbarton Oaks research library.
2007 Grande Prairie municipal election
The 2007 Grande Prairie municipal election was held Monday, October 15, 2007. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. The citizens of Grande Prairie, Alberta, elected one mayor, eight aldermen (all at large), the five Grande Prairie School District No. 2357 trustees (at large), and five of the Grande Prairie Roman Catholic Separate School District No. 28's seven trustees (as Ward 1). Of the 33,210 eligible voters, only 9,693 turned in a ballot, a voter turnout of 29.2%, and an average of 5.9 aldermen per ballot.

Grande Prairie
Grande Prairie is a city in northwestern Alberta, Canada, within the southern portion of an area known as Peace River Country. It is located at the intersection of Highway 43 (part of the CANAMEX Corridor) and Highway 40 (the Bighorn Highway), approximately 456 kilometres (283 mi) northwest of the provincial capital, Edmonton. The city is surrounded by the County of Grande Prairie No. 1.

Grande Prairie was the seventh-largest city in Alberta in 2016, with a population of 63,166, and was one of Canada's fastest growing cities between 2001 and 2006, and Canada's northernmost city with more than 50,000 people.

The city has adopted the trumpeter swan as its official symbol due to its proximity to the bird's migration route and its summer nesting grounds. For that reason, Grande Prairie is sometimes nicknamed the Swan City. The dinosaur has also emerged as an unofficial symbol of the city due to paleontological discoveries in the areas north and west of Grande Prairie.
1963 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

The woman is perfected.
Her dead

Body wears the smile of accomplishment...

—Opening lines of "Edge" by Sylvia Plath, written days before her suicide

Indian poetry
Indian poetry and Indian literature in general, has a long history dating back to Vedic times. They were written in various Indian languages such as Vedic Sanskrit, Classical Sanskrit, Ancient Meitei, Modern Meitei, Telugu, Tamil, Odia, Maithili, Kannada, Bengali, Assamese, Hindi, Marathi and Urdu among other prominent languages. Poetry in foreign languages such as English also has a strong influence on Indian poetry. The poetry reflects diverse spiritual traditions within India. In particular, many Indian poets have been inspired by mystical experiences. Poetry is the oldest form of literature and has a rich written and oral tradition.