hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parbatipur Upazila
Parbatipur (Bengali: পার্বতীপুর, romanized: Parbatīpur) is an upazila (sub-district) of the Dinajpur District in northern Bangladesh, part of the Rangpur Division. It is home to the only active coal mine in Bangladesh, the Barapukuria Coal Mine.

Santal people
The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They constitute the largest tribal community in the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal, and are also present in Odisha, Bihar, Assam, and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken language of the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages.
Jew Don Boney
Jew Don Boney Jr. (born November 16, 1951) was a member of the Houston, Texas, City Council from 1995 until 2001, representing the historically African-American District D. In addition, he served as Mayor Pro Tem of Houston from 1998 to 2001. He was the Associate Director of the Mickey Leland Center on World Hunger and Peace at Texas Southern University.

Mickey Leland
George Thomas "Mickey" Leland III (November 27, 1944 – August 7, 1989) was an American politician and anti-poverty activist. He served as a congressman from the Texas 18th District and chair of the Congressional Black Caucus. He was a Democrat.
Pseudoromicia
Pseudoromicia is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. All species in this genus are native to sub-Saharan Africa.

It contains the following species:

Dark-brown serotine, Pseudoromicia brunnea

Isabelline serotine, Pseudoromicia isabella

Kityo's serotine, Pseudoromicia kityoi

Mbam Minkom Serotine, Pseudoromicia mbamminkom

Nyanza serotine, Pseudoromicia nyanza

Rendall's serotine, Pseudoromicia rendalli

Rosevear's serotine, Pseudoromicia roseveari

White-winged serotine, Pseudoromicia tenuipinnis

All species in this genus were previously classified in the genus Neoromicia until a 2020 study found them to form a distinct genus sister to Afronycteris, and they were thus reclassified in the new genus Pseudoromicia.

White-winged serotine
The white-winged serotine (Pseudoromicia tenuipinnis) is a species of vesper bat.

It can be found in the following countries: Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is found in subtropical or tropical forests and moist savanna.
Feltham railway station
Feltham railway station serves Feltham in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It was opened on 22 August 1848 by the Windsor, Staines and South Western Railway (later the London and South Western Railway).

It is 14 miles 68 chains (23.9 km) down the line from London Waterloo and is in London fare zone 6. Two regular bus routes run from the main road, to its east, to and from differing parts of Heathrow Airport.

Reading railway station
Reading railway station is a major transport hub in the town of Reading in Berkshire, England, it is 36 miles (58 km) west of London Paddington. It is sited on the northern edge of the town centre, near to the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames. It is the busiest station in Berkshire, and the third busiest in South East England.

Reading is the ninth busiest railway station in the UK outside London and the second busiest interchange station outside London.

The station is managed by Network Rail and is served by four train operating companies: Great Western Railway, CrossCountry, South Western Railway and the Elizabeth line.
2015 BMW Open
The 2015 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 100th edition of the event, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place at the MTTC Iphitos complex in Munich, Germany, from 25 April through 3 May 2015. First-seeded Andy Murray won the singles title.

Bavarian International Tennis Championships
The Bavarian International Tennis Championships (German: Internationale Tennis-Meisterschaften von Bayern), known since 1990 by its sponsored name BMW Open, is a men's tennis tournament held at the MTTC Iphitos in Munich, Germany. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour calendar. In 2025, it was upgraded to an ATP 500 level event.
Founded in 1899 as a combined men's and women's event, it is also known as the  Bavarian Open.
76th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 76th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievement in feature films, documentary, television and commercials of 2023, were presented on February 10, 2024, at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The ceremony was hosted by Judd Apatow, who previously hosted the ceremonies in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The nominations for the television and documentary categories were announced on January 9, 2024, while the nominations for the feature film categories were announced on January 10, 2024.

75th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 75th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievement in feature films, documentary, television and commercials of 2022, were presented on February 18, 2023, at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The ceremony was hosted by Judd Apatow, who previously hosted the ceremonies in 2018, 2020 and 2022. The nominations for the television and documentary categories were announced on January 10, 2023, while the nominations for the feature film categories were announced on January 11, 2023.
Asterius Chapel
The Asterius chapel (French: Chapelle d'Astérius) is a small underground Christian building dating from the 5th-7th centuries, now located within the archaeological park of the Baths of Antoninus in the archaeological site of Carthage, Tunisia.

The building - whose function is unknown, although specialists believe it must have had both a liturgical and funerary function - was previously located on the Sayda plateau, formerly known as the "hill of sainte-Monique". The monument was located at the heart of an area that yielded both a late necropolis and cult buildings. It bears witness to the pivotal period between the Vandal kingdom and the Byzantine reconquest of present-day Tunisia.

During excavations in the 1950s, it was decided to move it to the Baths of Antoninus archaeological park, given its state of preservation, so that the mosaic decoration would not be lost as a result of urban development in the area.

Liliane Ennabli
Liliane Ennabli is a Franco-Tunisian historian, archaeologist and epigrapher, a specialist in the history of the Christian period of the archaeological site of Carthage.

Research Fellow at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) and centre de recherches Tenain de Villemont on Early Christianity and late Antiquity at the Université Paris-Sorbonne, she conducted excavations of Christian monuments as part of the international campaign of UNESCO intended to save the ancient city (1972–1992), the basilica of Carthagenna and the monastery of Bigua. She published the corpus of Christian inscriptions from Carthage.

She is married to Abdelmajid Ennabli, former curator of the archaeological site and the Carthage National Museum.
1980 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
The 1980 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts in the  United States. The event was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the 53rd edition of the tournament and was held from July 14 through July 20, 1980. Fourth-seeded Eddie Dibbs won the singles title.

1980 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1980 Volvo Grand Prix was a men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. The Grand Prix circuit is a precursor to the ATP Tour.

Volvo became the new tour sponsor of the Grand Prix circuit after Colgate-Palmolive decided to end its sponsorship. Eight World Championship Tennis tournaments were incorporated into the circuit.
Hermann Weyland
Hermann Gerhard Weyland (25 March 1888 in Sankt Ingbert – 20 January 1974 in Wuppertal) was a German chemist and botanist. In collaboration with Richard Kräusel, he carried out significant paleobotanical investigations of Devonian flora.

He obtained his education at the University of Jena, receiving his doctorate in 1912 under the direction of Christian Ernst Stahl. Following graduation, he worked as assistant to Wilhelm Pfeffer at the University of Leipzig and under Ludwig Knorr in Jena. From 1915 to 1952 he worked as a chemist at Bayer in Wuppertal-Elberfeld, being named head of its physiology laboratory in 1924. In 1931 he became an honorary professor at the University of Cologne, where in 1945–48 he served as interim director of the botanical institute.

For a period of time, he served as chairman of the Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Wuppertal. The fossil genus Weylandites commemorates his name.

Christian Ernst Stahl
Christian Ernst Stahl (21 June 1848 – 3 December 1919) was a Franco-German botanist from Schiltigheim, Alsace. He worked on the ecophysiology of plants and has been considered a pioneer of chemical ecology in his work examining the defences of plants against herbivores, although he considered snails and slugs to be the dominant herbivores that drove plant evolution rather than insects.
Ethidium homodimer assay
An ethidium homodimer assay can be used to detect dead or dying cells. Ethidium homodimer is a membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye which binds to DNA. After a cell sample has been stained with ethidium homodimer, the dead cells may be viewed and counted under a UV-light microscope.

When cells die, the plasma membranes of those cells becomes disrupted. Because of this, ethidium homodimer may enter those cells and bind to DNA within those cells. Because live cells don't have a compromised membrane, the ethidium homodimer can't enter.

One reason for doing an ethidium homodimer assay instead of using a TUNEL assay to measure cell death is that ethidium homodimer stains all of the dead or dying cells, while TUNEL only stains cells that have undergone programmed cell death.

TUNEL assay
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a method for detecting DNA fragmentation by labeling the 3′- hydroxyl termini in the double-strand DNA breaks generated during apoptosis.
HDMS Galathea (1831)
HDMS Galathea was a three-masted corvette of the Royal Danish Navy, constructed at Gammelholm to designs by Andreas Shifter in 1831. She is above all remembered for being the ship that undertook the First Galathea Expedition, 1845–1847. On two occasions, first in 1833 and later in 1839, Galathea was also instrumental in picking some of Bertel Thorvaldsen's artworks up in Rome and bringing them back to Denmark.

Steen Andersen Bille (1797–1883)
Vice-Admiral Steen Andersen Bille (5 December 1797 – 2 May 1883) was a Danish naval officer and politician who served as Minister for the Navy from 1852 to 1854. He served in the First Schleswig War, and Cape Steen Bille on the King Frederick VI Coast, Greenland was named in his honour by W. A. Graah.
Deaths in October 1984
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 1984.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Child actor
A child actor or child actress is a child acting on stage, television or in movies. An adult who began their acting career as a child may also be called a child actor or a "former child actor". Closely associated terms include teenage actor or teen actor, which refer to an actor who gained popularity as a teenager.

Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Macaulay Culkin and Lindsay Lohan are two particularly famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at an early age. Some child actors have successful acting careers as adults; for example Mickey Rooney, Elizabeth Taylor, Jodie Foster, Christian Bale, Drew Barrymore, Saoirse Ronan. Other child actors have gone on to successful careers in other fields, including director Ron Howard, politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński, James Jebbia, and singer Jenny Lewis.
RadioDNS
RadioDNS is an organisation that promotes the use of open technology standards to enable hybrid radio. Hybrid radio combines broadcast radio and internet (IP) technologies to create a harmonised distribution technology.

The core technology standard (ETSI TS 103 270) relies on the Domain Name System (DNS) to allow a connected radio receiver to look up IP resources based on their broadcast parameters, such as the station identifier received within the broadcast signal. RadioDNS operates the root name server for the radiodns.org domain according to a published trust model. Although RadioDNS reserves the right to charge a small annual registration fee of USD10, this has never been charged and continues to be waived.

The project is an open standard, initially created by a series of broadcasters and manufacturers.

Volkswagen Atlas
The Volkswagen Atlas is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen since 2017. Developed mainly for the North American and Chinese market, the vehicle is based on the Volkswagen Group MQB platform. Outside the US, Canadian, and Chilean markets, the vehicle is marketed as the Volkswagen Teramont. It is positioned above the long-wheelbase Tiguan and below the smaller but more upmarket Touareg.
Opposition frontbench of Jeremy Corbyn
The frontbench of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom consists of the Shadow Cabinet and other shadow ministers of the political party currently serving as the Official Opposition. From 2015 to 2020, Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition was the Labour Party, and the Leader of the Opposition was Jeremy Corbyn.

Key

Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)
The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet, or His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition Shadow Cabinet, usually simply the Shadow Cabinet, is the committee of senior members of the Official Opposition who scrutinise the work of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. Each Shadow Cabinet member is typically given a position which corresponds to that of a government minister in Cabinet.
2015–16 Oud-Heverlee Leuven season
The 2015–16 season was Oud-Heverlee Leuven's 14th competitive season in professional football and the team's fourth season in the Belgian Pro League. Following a loss on the final day of the regular season at home against Club Brugge, OH Leuven dropped into 16th place and was relegated as Westerlo beat Waasland-Beveren. OH Leuven also had a mediocre cup run, struggling past Belgian Second Division team Lommel United before falling 1-0 to Mouscron-Péruwelz.

Belgian Second Division
The Belgian Second Division was the second-highest division in the Belgian football league system, one level below the Belgian Pro League. It was founded by the Royal Belgian Football Association in 1909 and folded in 2016, when it was replaced by the Belgian First Division B (known as the Proximus League for sponsorship reasons)).
KF Tirana U-21
Klubi i Futbollit Tirana Under-21 (KF Tirana U-21) is an Albanian football club based in the country's capital city, Tirana. The under-21 football club is part of the multi-disciplinary sports club SK Tirana, and is a feeder team of the senior side, KF Tirana. They play their home games at the Skënder Halili Complex in Tirana and they play in the Kategoria Superiore U-21.

Kategoria Superiore U-21
Kategoria Superiore U-21, also called U-21 Superiore, is a reserve league competition for football clubs in Albania. The league was formed in November 2020 and the first season comprised 13 teams which is due to end on 19 May 2021.
Log transformation (statistics)
In statistics, the log transformation is the application of the logarithmic function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = log(zi). The log transform is usually applied so that the data, after transformation, appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs.

The log transform is invertible, continuous, and monotonic. The transformation is usually applied to a collection of comparable measurements. For example, if we are working with data on peoples' incomes in some currency unit, it would be common to transform each person's income value by the logarithm function.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Hexyne
The hexynes are a subgroup from the group of alkynes. It consists of several isomeric compounds having the formula C6H10.

The linear and branched members are:

1-Hexyne (n-butylacetylene)

2-Hexyne (methylpropylacetylene)

3-Hexyne (diethylacetylene)

3-methylpent-1-yne

4-methylpent-1-yne

4-methylpent-2-yne

3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne

Alkyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula  CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic.
Breakdown: In Your House
Breakdown: In Your House was the 24th In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF; WWE as of 2002). It took place on September 27, 1998, at the Copps Coliseum in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Nine matches were held on the PPV, while three matches were held for the Sunday Night Heat pre-show. The promotional poster featured D-Generation X, whose entrance theme was titled "Break It Down." The event is notable for featuring the debut of Christian.

The main event was a Triple Threat match between Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Undertaker, and Kane for the WWF Championship, which ended in controversy when The Undertaker and Kane simultaneously pinned Austin. Another match at the event was a Triple Threat match in a steel cage between Ken Shamrock, Mankind, and The Rock to determine the number-one contender to the WWF Championship.

Professional wrestling aerial techniques
Aerial techniques, also known as "high-flying moves" are performance techniques used in professional wrestling for simulated assault on opponents. The techniques involve jumping from the ring's posts and ropes, demonstrating the speed and agility of smaller, nimble and acrobatically inclined wrestlers, with many preferring this style instead of throwing or locking the opponent.

Aerial techniques can be challenging for wrestlers to learn since they learn to trust the other performer, the nominal opponent, to either target the jump correctly or to safely catch their fall. Due to the risk of injury caused by these high-risk moves, some promotions have banned the use of some of them.

The next list of maneuvers was made under general categories whenever possible.
Spine Island
Spine Island (60°36′S 46°2′W﻿ / ﻿60.600°S 46.033°W﻿ / -60.600; -46.033) is a narrow island composed of several aligned rock segments, lying in Sandefjord Bay between the west end of Coronation Island and Monroe Island in the South Orkney Islands. It was discovered by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer on the occasion of their joint cruise in 1821 and is so named because of its appearance by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II who surveyed the island in 1933.

Coronation Island
Coronation Island is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and from 3 to 8 nautical miles (5.6 to 14.8 km) wide. The island extends in a general east–west direction, is mainly ice-covered and comprises numerous bays, glaciers and peaks, the highest rising to 1,265 metres (4,150 ft).
Markup (business)
Markup (or price spread) is the difference between the selling price of a good or service and its marginal cost. In economics, markups are the most direct way to measure market power: the extent to which a firm can influence the price at which it sells a product or service.

Markup is often expressed as a percentage over the cost. A markup is added into the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to cover the costs of doing business and create a profit. The total cost reflects the total amount of both fixed and variable expenses to produce and distribute a product. Markup can be expressed as the fixed amount or as a percentage of the total cost or selling price. Retail markup is commonly calculated as the difference between wholesale price and retail price, as a percentage of wholesale. Other methods are also used.

Markdowns refer to the ability of a firm to hold the price it pays for an input below the input's marginal product.

Profit (accounting)
Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the  owner in a  profitable market production process (business). Profit is a measure of profitability which is the owner's major interest in the income-formation process of market production. There are several profit measures in common use.

Income formation in market production is always a balance between income generation and income distribution. The income generated is always distributed to the stakeholders of production as economic value within the review period. The profit is the share of income formation the owner is able to keep to themselves in the income distribution process. Profit is one of the major sources of  economic well-being because it means incomes and opportunities to develop production. The words "income", "profit" and "earnings" are synonyms in this context.
Jennifer Fiechter
Jennifer Fiechter, born 7 May 1992, is a Swiss ski mountaineer who in 2015 won the biennial Trofeo Mezzalama with teammates Emelie Forsberg and Axelle Mollaret. Two years later she repeated her Trofeo Mezzalama victory, this time with teammates Emelie Forsberg and Laetitia Roux.

Mezzalama Trophy
The Mezzalama Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Mezzalama, French: Trophée Mezzalama, a.k.a. white marathon) is an Italian high altitude ski mountaineering competition in upper Valtournenche and Ayas valleys, in Aosta Valley.

The Mezzalama Trophy, which belongs to the "big three of ski mountaineering" (French: les grandes trois de ski de montagne) besides the two other best-known and classical ski mountaineering events, the Patrouille des Glaciers and the Pierra Menta, is the highest alpine ski mountaineering competition of the world. The event in the Monte Rosa's massif was named in honor of the mountain guide Ottorino Mezzalama.

The Mezzalama Trophy is a stage of La Grande Course that includes the most important ski mountaineering competitions of the season.