hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International reactions to the Syrian civil war
International reactions to the Syrian civil war ranged from support for the government to calls for the government to dissolve. The Arab League, United Nations and Western governments in 2011 quickly condemned the Syrian government's response to the protests which later evolved into the Syrian civil war as overly heavy-handed and violent. Many Middle Eastern governments initially expressed support for the government and its "security measures", but as the death toll mounted, especially in Hama, they switched to a more balanced approach, criticizing violence from both government and protesters. Russia and China vetoed two attempts at United Nations Security Council sanctions against the Syrian government.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Rise Thru da Ranks from Earner Tugh Capo
Rise Thru da Ranks from Earner Tugh Capo is the fourth album from rapper Young Bleed. It was released on August 23, 2005 by West Coast Mafia Records and was produced by C-Bo and John Silva. This was his first album since 2000's My Own for Priority and peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

My Own (album)
My Own is the second studio album by American rapper Young Bleed. It was released on October 19, 1999, through Priority Records. Recording sessions took place at Bluff Road Recording Studio in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Production was handled by Steve Below, Happy Perez, Carlos "Big Los" Wilkerson, KC Easterwood, and Young Bleed himself, who also served as executive producer together with Paul "Uncle Pauly" Franklin. It features guest appearances from Jennifer Brumfield, Gram, Daz Dillinger, Lay-Lo, Lucky Knuckles and Too $hort. The album peaked at number 61 on the Billboard 200 and number 17 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States.
2014 İstanbul Cup
The 2014 İstanbul Cup (also known as the TEB BNP Paribas İstanbul Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the İstanbul Cup, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 14 July through 20 July 2014.  This was the first edition of the tournament since 2010.  The event was not held in 2011–2013 because the WTA Tour Championships were held in İstanbul during those years. First-seeded Caroline Wozniacki won the singles title.

2014 WTA Tour
The 2014 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2014 tennis season. The 2014 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tournament of Champions). Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and did not distribute ranking points.
Channel catfish
The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus),meaning “fish cat with spots”. known informally as the "channel cat", is a species of catfish native to North America. They are North America's most abundant catfish species, and the official state fish of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Tennessee. The channel catfish is the most fished species of catfish in the United States, with around 8 million anglers angling them per year. The popularity of channel catfish for food has contributed to the rapid expansion of this species' aquaculture in the United States. It has also been widely introduced to Europe, Asia and South America, and many countries consider it an invasive species.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Suleki
Suleki (Persian: سولكي, also Romanized as Sūlekī; also known asSelūkī) is a village in Sangan Rural District, in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 31 families.

Sangan Rural District
Sangan Rural District (Persian: دهستان سنگان) is in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sangan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Esmailabad, now a city.
American Character Doll Company
The American Character Doll Company was an American toy company specializing in dolls. Their most popular dolls included "Tiny Tears," "Tressy," "Butterball Doll", "Sweet Sue," and "Toodles." Founded in 1919, the company's fortunes peaked in the mid-20th century, as they sold millions of dolls exclusively to retailers and mail-order houses such as Sears and Montgomery Ward. The company was the first to produce mass-marketed rubber dolls in the United States. American Character Dolls went bankrupt in 1968, with their assets acquired by the Ideal Toy Company.

Composition doll
A composition doll is a doll made partially or wholly out of composition, a composite material composed of sawdust, glue, and other materials such as cornstarch, resin and wood flour. The first composition dolls were made in the 19th century.

Composite dolls were marketed as unbreakable, compared to earlier more fragile dolls. However, over time the composite material deteriorated, leaving many older dolls with small cracks and flaked surfaces. Some dolls were given a protective coating of varnish to delay deterioration.

Notable composition dolls include Bleuette of France, Marilú of Argentina and Mariquita Pérez of Spain.
French Geodesic Mission to the Equator
The French Geodesic Mission to the Equator (French: Expédition géodésique française en Équateur), also called the French Geodesic Mission to Peru and the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission, was an 18th-century expedition to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of performing an arc measurement, measuring the length of a degree of latitude near the Equator, by which the Earth's radius can be inferred. The mission was one of the first geodesic (or geodetic) missions carried out under modern scientific principles, and the first major international scientific expedition.

Pierre Louis Maupertuis
Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (/ˌmoʊpɛərˈtwiː/; French: [mopɛʁtɥi]; 1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the director of the Académie des Sciences and the first president of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the invitation of Frederick the Great.

Maupertuis made an expedition to Lapland to determine the shape of the Earth. He is often credited with having discovered the principle of least action – a version of which is known as Maupertuis's principle – which he expressed as an integral equation that describes the path followed by a physical system. His work in natural history is interesting in relation to modern science since he touched on aspects of heredity and the struggle for life.
New Haven Colony
New Haven Colony was an English colony from 1638 to 1664 that included settlements on the north shore of Long Island Sound, with outposts in modern-day New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The colony joined Connecticut Colony in 1664.

The history of the colony was a series of disappointments and failures. The most serious problem was that New Haven Colony never had a charter giving it legal title to exist.  The larger, stronger colony of Connecticut to the north did have a charter. New Haven's leaders were businessmen and traders, but they were never able to build up a large or profitable trade because their agricultural base was poor, farming the rocky soil was difficult, and the location was isolated.

West Rock Ridge State Park
West Rock Ridge State Park is a public recreation area located in New Haven, Hamden, and Woodbridge, Connecticut. The state park is named for the 400-to-700-foot (120 to 210 m) trap rock West Rock Ridge, which is part of the Metacomet Ridge extending from Long Island Sound to the Vermont border. The park's 7 miles (11 km) of open west-facing cliffs offer vistas encompassing Metropolitan New Haven and suburban towns to the west. The park includes Judges Cave, a colonial era historic site; Lake Wintergreen; and the 7-mile (11 km) Regicides Trail, part of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association's Blue Trail system. The park is part of a larger area of protected open space including state, municipal, and non-profit owned land.
Pursegloveia
Pursegloveia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the subfamily Aroideae in the family Araceae.

Its native range is Borneo.

Species:

Pursegloveia aegis S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

Pursegloveia ashtonii (S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

Pursegloveia burttii (Bogner & Nicolson) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

Pursegloveia kazuyae (S.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

Pursegloveia minima (H.Okada) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

Pursegloveia orientalis (S.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Fujairah F2 IWPP
Fujairah F2 Independent Water and Power Plant or Fujairah F2 IWPP is an independent water and power plant (IWPP) at Qidfa', Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates. It is located next to the Fujairah F1 IWPP plant south of Khor Fakkan and north of the city of Fujairah. During inauguration, it was the largest desalination plant in the United Arab Emirates.

Independent water and power plant
An independent water and power plant (IWPP) or an integrated water and power project is a combined facility which serves as both a desalination plant and a power plant. IWPPs are more common in the Middle East, where demand for both electricity and salt water desalinisation are high.

Independent water and power producers negotiate both a feed-in power tariff and a water tariff in the same deal with the utility company, who also purchases both products. IWPPs tend to have an installed capacity of over 1 gigawatt (1,000 megawatts) and generates power in a typical thermal power station setup. Seawater is purified by integrating MSF, MED, TVC, or RO water desalination technologies with the power plant, thus increasing overall efficiency.
Malic acid
Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is a metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle.

Dicarboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a dicarboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two carboxyl groups (−COOH). The general molecular formula for dicarboxylic acids can be written as HO2C−R−CO2H, where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. In general, dicarboxylic acids show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids are usually colorless solids.  A wide variety of dicarboxylic acids are used in industry. Adipic acid, for example, is a precursor to certain kinds of nylon. A wide variety of dicarboxylic acids are found in nature. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are two amino acids found in all life.  Succinic and fumaric acids are essential for metabolism. A large inventory of derivatives are known including many mono- and diesters, amides, etc.
Over ground worker
Over ground workers (OGWs), according to Indian security forces, are people who help militants, or terrorists, with logistical support, cash, shelter, and other infrastructure with which armed groups and insurgency movements such as Hizbul Mujahideen and Jaish-e-Muhammad in Jammu and Kashmir can operate. OGWs play a vital role in militant attacks, providing real-time information and support to the tactical elements. Over ground workers have diversified into other roles such as stone-pelting, mob-rioting, ideological support, radicalisation, and recruitment of militants. In 2020, up until 8 June, around 135 over ground workers were arrested in Jammu and Kashmir by the Jammu and Kashmir police. While the term is used and associated extensively with the Kashmir region, the term has also been used officially in other parts of India where insurgency is still active, such as in the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency and in Meghalaya for the Garo National Liberation Army.

Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir
The Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir or Jamaat-e-Islami Jammu and Kashmir (JIJK) is an Islamic political party based in the city of Srinagar in the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is distinct from the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. The organisation's stated position on the Kashmir conflict is that Kashmir is a disputed territory and the issue must be sorted as per the UN or through tripartite talks between India, Pakistan and representatives of Kashmir.
Roxana Baldetti
Ingrid Roxana Baldetti Elías (born May 13, 1962) is a Guatemalan politician who served as the first female Vice President of Guatemala from 2012 until her resignation amid a corruption scandal in 2015. In 2018, she was sentenced to 15½ years in prison for illicit association, fraud, and influence peddling, and to 16 years in 2022 for illicit association and customs fraud for her part in the La Linea corruption ring.

Vice President of Guatemala
Vice president of Guatemala (Spanish: Vicepresidente de Guatemala) is a political position in Guatemala which is since 1966 elected concurrently with the position of President of Guatemala. The current vice president is Karin Herrera.

The vice president needs to be a Guatemalan citizen of over 40 years of age.

Historically, there have been provisions for multiple Vice Presidents, officially Designates to the Presidency (Spanish: Designados a la Presidencia), also known as Presidential Designates (Spanish: Designados Presidenciales) elected for one- or two-year-terms. The election was carried in Congress of Guatemala. A provision for First and Second Vice Presidents existed 1882–1886, 1888-1921, 1921–1928 and 1956–1966. A provision for First, Second and Third Vice Presidents existed 1921 and 1928–1944.

History of the office holders follows.
Jean Geissinger
Jean Louise Geissinger (later Harding; June 25, 1934 – June 8, 2014) was an American infielder and outfielder who played from 1951 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League with the Fort Wayne Daisies (1951-1952 [start], 1953–1954) and the Grand Rapids Chicks (1952 [end]). Listed at 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m), 120 pounds (54 kg), she batted and threw right-handed.

Dorothy Schroeder
Dorothy "Dottie" Schroeder (April 11, 1928 – December 8, 1996) was an American shortstop who played from 1943 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Listed at 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m), 150 lb., Schroeder batted and threw right-handed. She was born in Sadorus, Illinois.
Neuenwalde Convent
The Neuenwalde Convent (N. Low Saxon: Klooster Niewohl, German: Kloster Neuenwalde; Latin: Conventus Sanct[a]e Crucis) is a Lutheran damsels' convent in Neuenwalde, a locality of Geestland, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Since 1683 the convent is owned by the corporation of the Bremian Knighthood and used for Lutheran conventuals and continues to function as such today. It is the only convent preserved in the Elbe-Weser triangle out of a former sample of 14 monasteries. The convent was established as a Roman Catholic nunnery in 1219, and was recorded in 1282 for pursuing the Benedictine observance. The convent relocated twice in 1282 and 1334.

Jus patronatus
The right of patronage (in Latin jus patronatus or ius patronatus) in Catholic canon law is a set of rights and obligations of someone, known as the patron in connection with a gift of land (benefice). It is a grant made by the church out of gratitude towards a benefactor.

Its counterpart in English law and in the Church of England is called an advowson.

The right of patronage is designated in papal letters as "ius spirituali annexum" and is therefore subject to ecclesiastical legislation and jurisdiction as well as civil laws relating to the ownership of property.
Hallgeir Brenden
Hallgeir Brenden (10 February 1929 – 21 September 2007) was a Norwegian cross-country skier and steeplechase runner.

He competed in various skiing events at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Winter Olympics and won two individual gold medals in 1952 and 1956 and two silver medals in the 4 × 10 km relay in 1952 and 1960.

He also won three events at the Holmenkollen ski festival: 18 km in 1952 and 15 km in 1956 and 1963. He received the Egebergs Ærespris in 1952 and the Holmenkollen medal in 1955.

As a steeplechase runner Brenden won the Norwegian championships in 1953 and 1954.

Holmenkollen Medal
The Holmenkollen Medal (Norwegian: Holmenkollenmedaljen) is an annual honorary skiing award that has been issued by the Skiforeningen in Norway since 1895. It recognizes the outstanding achievements of skiing athletes who place at the top of international championships and at Holmenkollen Ski Festival events, as well as those who contribute to advancement of the sport of skiing. The Holmenkollen Medal is considered Norwegian skiing highest honor.
Journals of Ayn Rand
Journals of Ayn Rand is a book derived from the private journals of the Russian-born American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand. Edited by David Harriman with the approval of Rand's estate, it was published in 1997, 15 years after her death. Some reviewers considered it an interesting source of information for readers with an interest in Rand, but several scholars criticized Harriman's editing as being too heavy-handed and insufficiently acknowledged in the published text.

Choice (publisher)
Choice is a publishing unit of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). It includes the magazine Choice as well as other products including the Choice Reviews database. The magazine was established in 1964. It is considered the premier source for reviews of academic books, electronic media, and Internet resources of interest to those in higher education. The magazine is headquartered in Middletown, Connecticut.
Nikhil Pai
Nikhil Vittal Pai (born 2 October 1971) is an Indian rally co-driver who won the Indian National Rally Championship (INRC) for four-wheelers twice in 2016 and 2022. He is one of the most-experienced co-drivers currently taking part in INRC for four-wheelers from 1992.

Pai is a sound engineer by profession with experience in the live sound industry and as a motor sports athlete. He started his motor sport career on motorcycles as a navigator and later moved to cars, also as a co-driver. He started his rallying career as a co-driver in 1992.

K1000 rally
K1000 or Karnataka 1000 Rally is the longest-running motorsports rally in India. It is the third oldest rally in the world. K1000 is the flagship annual event organised by Karnataka Motor Sports Club (KMSC), one of the founder members of FMSCI, the Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India.

Started in 1975, K1000 is run over 1000 miles over a span of two or more days running across multiple states. Originally run as a Time, Speed Distance (TSD) rally, currently K1000 is run as a Special Stage Rally and is part of the Indian National Rally Championship (INRC).

The 47th edition of the K1000 rally to be held at Tumakuru has attracted 59 entries and will be run over six Special Stages on Saturday and Sunday, the 22 and 23 December 2023.
Arts Council of Placer County
The Arts Council of Placer County (PlacerArts) is the official Placer County, California, USA arts council.

The Arts Council of Placer County (PlacerArts) was established in 1983 as a not-for-profit agency. As the catalyst for the arts and humanities in Placer County, the Council encourages excellence and expansion of visual, musical, theatrical, literary, media, and dance art endeavors. The Council serves as a clearinghouse for information on the arts in Placer County and also publishes a bimonthly arts magazine Perspectives. Its purpose is to create a forum for communication for artists and art organizations in Placer County and to increase awareness of activities and programs related to arts and culture in the area.

The Arts Council of Placer County runs under the California state arts council, the California Arts Council (CAC).

Placer County, California
Placer County (/ˈplæsər/ PLASS-ər), officially the County of Placer, is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 404,739. The county seat is Auburn.

Placer County is included in the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. It is in both the Sacramento Valley and Sierra Nevada regions, in what is known as the Gold Country. The county stretches roughly 65 miles (105 km) from Sacramento's suburbs at Roseville to the Nevada border and the shore of Lake Tahoe.
Ngalia (Western Desert)
The Ngalia, or Ngalea, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Western Desert cultural bloc resident in land extending from Western Australia to the west of South Australia. They are not to be confused with the Ngalia of the Northern Territory.

Western Desert cultural bloc
The Western Desert cultural bloc (also capitalised, abbreviated to WDCB, or just Western Desert) is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 mi2), used to describe a group of linguistically and culturally similar Aboriginal Australian nations.