hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1774 British general election
The 1774 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 14th Parliament of Great Britain to be held, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. Lord North's government was returned with a large majority. The opposition consisted of factions supporting the Marquess of Rockingham and William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, both of whom referred to themselves as Whigs. North's opponents referred to his supporters as Tories, but no Tory party existed at the time and his supporters rejected the label.

Frederick North, Lord North
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 1732 – 5 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led the Kingdom of Great Britain through most of the American Revolutionary War. He also held a number of other cabinet posts, including Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer.

North's reputation among historians has varied wildly, reaching its lowest point in the late 19th century, when he was depicted as a creature of King George III and an incompetent who lost the American colonies. In the early 20th century a revised view emerged which emphasised his strengths in administering the Treasury, handling the House of Commons, and in defending the Church of England. The historian Herbert Butterfield, however, argued that his indolence was a barrier to efficient crisis management; he neglected his role in supervising the entire war effort.
Heterojunction bipolar transistor
A heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is  a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, creating a heterojunction. The HBT improves on the BJT in that it can handle signals of very high frequencies, up to several hundred GHz. It is commonly used in modern ultrafast circuits, mostly radio frequency (RF) systems, and in applications requiring a high power efficiency, such as RF power amplifiers in cellular phones. The idea of employing a heterojunction is as old as the conventional BJT, dating back to a patent from 1951. Detailed theory of heterojunction bipolar transistor was developed by Herbert Kroemer in 1957.

Indium gallium arsenide
Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) (alternatively gallium indium arsenide, GaInAs) is a ternary alloy (chemical compound) of  indium arsenide (InAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). Indium and gallium are group III elements of the periodic table while arsenic is a group V element. Alloys made of these chemical groups are referred to as "III-V" compounds.  InGaAs has properties intermediate between those of GaAs and InAs. InGaAs is a room-temperature semiconductor with applications in electronics and photonics.

The principal importance of GaInAs is its application as a high-speed, high sensitivity photodetector of choice for optical fiber telecommunications.
Orton, Cumberland
Orton is a civil parish in the Cumberland district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. The parish includes the settlements of Baldwinholme, Great Orton, Little Orton, Orton Rigg and Woodhouses. In 2011 the parish had a population of 453. The parish touches Aikton, Beaumont, Burgh By Sands, Cummersdale, Dalston, Kirkbampton and Thursby. There are 12 listed buildings in Orton.

Aikton
Aikton is a small village in the north of the English county of Cumbria. The nearest town is Wigton 3 miles away, and the nearest city is Carlisle at 8 miles. Aikton is located 5+1⁄2 miles (8.9 km) south of the Scottish border, measured from the centre of the Channel of the River Eden.  It is in the historic county of Cumberland.

There is a pub, phonebox and postbox; but no shops. The local church, St Andrew's, is over 900 years old, and is one of the oldest in the region. Pevsner says that it has a "solid C12 w[est] front" and gives details of Norman and Early English Period work on the church."

The village pub, the 'Aikton Arms', was constructed in the 18th century and is also used as a Bed and Breakfast facility. Many houses in Aikton have views of the Lake District. The surrounding area is almost entirely farmland, containing cows usually.
Belgica metro station
Belgica is a Brussels Metro station on the northern branch of line 6. It is located in the municipality of Jette, in the north-west of Brussels, Belgium. The station received its name from the aboveground Boulevard Belgica/Belgicalaan, itself named in honour of RV Belgica, the ship that carried the first Belgian polar expedition to the Antarctic in 1897.

The metro station opened on 6 October 1982 as part of the Beekkant–Bockstael extension of former line 1A. Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it is served by line 6.

In May 2024, Brussels Mobility and the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB) applied for a permit to build a new tram line connecting Belgica with Brussels-North railway station.

Jette
Jette (French: [ʒɛt] ⓘ; Dutch: [ˈjɛtə] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-western part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Ganshoren, Koekelberg, and Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Asse and Wemmel. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

As of 1 January 2024, the municipality had a population of 54,107 inhabitants. The total area is 5.19 km2 (2.00 sq mi), which gives a population density of 10,427/km2 (27,010/sq mi).
Robinstown (Tyrrell)
Robinstown (Tyrrell) is a townland in Mullingar civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland, which is 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2) in area, had no recorded population as of the 2011 census. It is named for the Tyrrell baronets.

The Royal Canal passes through the townland, and the area is bordered by Culleen Beg to the east, Mullingar and Robinstown (Levinge) to the west.

Culleen Beg
Culleen Beg (Irish: An Coillín Beag) is a townland in the parish of Mullingar and the barony of Moyashel and Magheradernon, County Westmeath, Ireland. Located north of Mullingar town, the townland borders Culleen More to the west, Brockagh and Quarry to the north, Ballagh, Clonsheever & Rathconnell to the east and Robinstown and Springfield or Spittlefield to the south.
Gamehendge
Gamehendge is a fictional setting for a number of songs by the rock band Phish. The main set of songs can be traced back to The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday (or TMWSIY), the senior project of guitarist and primary vocalist Trey Anastasio, written while he attended Goddard College. The musical was recorded to a cassette tape and submitted along with Anastasio's senior thesis in July 1988. Many copies of TMWSIY were circulated among fans as Phish's popularity grew, but the album was never officially released by the band. Still, the band would frequently perform songs from the album live and, on a few occasions, performed the entire album live, though differently every time. New songs were added to the Gamehendge mythos in the years following the recording of the original 1988 tape.

Phish: Live in Brooklyn
Live in Brooklyn is the name of a concert CD released on July 11, 2006, by American rock band Phish, with a simultaneous release as their second full concert DVD. Performed on June 17, 2004, at the minor league baseball field KeySpan Park in Brooklyn, New York, it was the opening night of what was promoted as the band's final tour, before their 2004 breakup. The concert was simulcast in movie theatres across America.

The following night, June 18, at the same venue, the band performed again, with a surprise appearance from rapper Jay-Z. This can be heard on Live Phish Downloads: 06.18.04.

In addition to being a CD release, this concert is available as a download in FLAC and MP3 formats at LivePhish.com. Selected songs are also available in MPEG-4 video.
Clapham Sect
The Clapham Sect, or Clapham Saints, were a group of social reformers associated with Holy Trinity Clapham  in the period from the 1780s to the 1840s. Despite the label "sect", most members remained in the established (and dominant) Church of England, which was highly interwoven with offices of state.

Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge
Holy Trinity Church is a church in Market Street, in the city of Cambridge, in Cambridgeshire, England, on the corner with Sidney Street. Its current vicar is Stuart Browning. Theologically, it stands within the charismatic evangelical tradition of the Church of England.
Mobarakabad, Golestan
Mobarakabad (Persian: مبارک‌آباد, also Romanized as Mobārakābād) is a village in Chehel Chay Rural District, in the Central District of Minudasht County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 408, in 126 families.

Chehel Chay Rural District
Chehel Chay Rural District (Persian: دهستان چهل چائ) is in the Central District of Minudasht County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qalami. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Alqajar, now a city.
Advanced statistics in basketball
Advanced statistics, also known as analytics or APBRmetrics, in basketball refers to the analysis of basketball statistics using objective evidence. APBRmetrics takes its name from the acronym APBR, which stands for the Association for Professional Basketball Research. According to The Sporting News, the APBRmetrics message board was "the birthplace of basketball analytics".

Advanced basketball statistics include effective field goal percentage (eFG%), true shooting percentage (TS%), on-court/off-court plus–minus, adjusted plus-minus (APM), real plus/minus (RPM), player efficiency rating (PER), offense efficiency rating, offensive rating, defensive rating, similarity score, tendex, and player tracking. A more complete explanation of basketball analytics is available in "A Starting Point for Analyzing Basketball Statistics" in the Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports.

Player tracking (NBA)
Player tracking refers to technologies used to track players and the ball (if applicable) in various sports.  The National Basketball Association (NBA) first tracked all games at the start of the 2013-14 NBA season. Second Spectrum is the current Official Optical Tracking Provider of the NBA and began league-wide tracking in the 2017-18 NBA season, replacing STATS SportVU which previously held the league-wide contract.
French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
The French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies of the Dutch East Indies took place between 1806 and 1816. The French ruled between 1806 and 1811, while the British took over from 1811 to 1816 and transferred its control back to the Dutch in 1816. However Java and Sumatra were only returned in July 1821.

The French invaded the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic by 1795, and then the Kingdom of Holland in 1806. The fall of the Netherlands to Revolutionary France and the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company led to some profound changes in the European colonial administration of the East Indies, as one of the campaigns of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars was fought in Java. This period, which lasted for almost a decade, witnessed a tremendous change in Java, as vigorous infrastructure and defence projects took place, followed by battles, reformation and major changes of administration in the colony.

Anyer
Anyer, officially Anyar, old spelling Anjer and also known as Angier, is a coastal town in Banten, formerly West Java, Indonesia, 82 miles (100 km) west of Jakarta and 15 kilometers (9 mi) south of Merak. A significant coastal town late 18th century, Anyer faces the Sunda Strait.
Congénies
Congénies (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃ʒeni]; Occitan: Congènhas) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

It is situated between Nîmes, Montpellier, the Cévennes and the Camargue and has a strong Quaker  history. Congénies possesses the only and oldest purpose-built Quaker Meeting House in France.

Nîmes
Nîmes is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountain range, the estimated population of the commune of Nîmes stood at 148,561 in 2019.

Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city's population was estimated at approximately 50,000–60,000. Since several famous monuments and ancient Roman buildings are located in Nîmes, including the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison carrée, the city is often referred to as the "French Rome."
Jose Corazon Tala-oc
Jose Corazon Tumbagahan Tala-oc (born June 16, 1950) is a Filipino bishop of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalibo from 2011 to 2025. Prior to this, he was the bishop of the Diocese of Romblon from 2003 to 2011.

Archdiocese of Capiz
The Archdiocese of Capiz is a Latin Church metropolitan archdiocese the Catholic Church in the Philippines. The archdiocese covers the entire province of Capiz on the island of Panay in the Visayas, central Philippines, and has its see in Roxas City. As an ecclesiastical province, it also encompasses the suffragan sees of Kalibo, which oversees the province of Aklan, and Romblon, which oversees the province of the same name. Its current archbishop is Victor Barnuevo Bendico, who was installed on May 3, 2023.
Dalip Tahil
Dalip Tahil (born Dalip Tahilramani; 30 October 1952) is an Indian film, television and theatre actor. He is best known for his work in Baazigar (1993), Raja (1995), Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993) and Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Pyaar Ki Miss Call (2009) along with actor Gaurav Prateek. In the UK, he appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as Dan Ferreira, the head of the Ferreira family, from June to December 2003.

Ramesh Sippy
Ramesh Sippy (born 23 January 1947) is an Indian film director, actor and producer in Hindi cinema. He is particularly known for being the director of Sholay (1975), often regarded as one of the most influential films ever made in India.  The Government of India honoured him with Padma Shri in 2013. In 2017, he founded the Ramesh Sippy Academy of Cinema & Entertainment in Mumbai.
Esporte Clube Avenida
Esporte Clube Avenida, commonly referred to as Avenida, is a Brazilian football club based in Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. It currently plays in Campeonato Gaúcho Série A1, the first level of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league.

Campeonato Gaúcho Série A2
The Campeonato Gaúcho Série A2 (Gaucho Championship Series A2) is the second tier of the professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).
Manx Electric Cars 32-33
Car Nos. 32–33 are a group of tramcars for the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man.

The eighth and final batch of motorcars to arrive are all extant today. Nos. 32 and 33 were designed to haul two trailers when built but this was never a day-to-day feature of operation, although they have on occasion hauled two trailers in conjunction with enthusiasts events. No.32 is still in regular service. No.33, however, is currently undergoing overhaul.

Manx Electric Railway
The Manx Electric Railway (Manx: Raad Yiarn Lectragh Vannin) is an electric interurban tramway connecting Douglas, Laxey and Ramsey in the Isle of Man. It connects with the Douglas Bay Horse Tramway at its southern terminus at Derby Castle at the northern end of the promenade in Douglas, and with the Snaefell Mountain Railway at Laxey. Many visitors take an excursion on the trams. It is the oldest electric tram line in the world whose original rolling stock is still in service.
Versus (The Haunted album)
Versus is the sixth studio album by Swedish heavy metal band The Haunted. It was released on 17 September 2008. It marked a return to the aggressive sound from previous albums after their experimental fifth album The Dead Eye. All instruments were recorded live like their debut album, The Haunted, and solos and vocals were added once they had the songs down. The album is more or less about the decadence of mankind as the last two songs "Faultline" and "Imperial Death March" point out.

The Haunted (album)
The Haunted is the debut studio album by Swedish heavy metal band The Haunted, released in 1998 on Earache Records.  Tracks 1–4 and 12 were part of the band's greatest hits album, Warning Shots. Peter Dolving and Adrian Erlandsson both quit at different times after the album, but both returned on different releases, with Dolving on rEVOLVEr, and Erlandsson on Eye of the Storm.
The Empress (TV series)
The Empress (German: Die Kaiserin) is a German historical drama television series based on the life of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, starring Devrim Lingnau as her, and Philip Froissant as Franz Joseph I of Austria. It was released on Netflix on 29 September 2022. It was Netflix's second-most watched series worldwide for two weeks and the seventh most popular non-English series of 2022, with over 150 million hours streamed. On 8 November 2022, Netflix renewed it for a second season, which premiered on 22 November 2024. Netflix also commissioned a companion novel, The Empress: A Novel, by Gigi Griffis, which was published two days before the series premiered on the streaming service. On 27 January 2025, the series was renewed for a third and final season.

Duchess Helene in Bavaria
Duchess Helene in Bavaria (Helene Caroline Therese; 4 April 1834 – 16 May 1890), nicknamed Néné, was the Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis as the wife of Maximilian Anton Lamoral. She was a Duchess in Bavaria by birth as the daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph and Princess Ludovika. She was temporarily the head of the Thurn and Taxis family.

In 1858, Helene married Maximilian Anton, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis. After nearly nine years of marriage, Maximillian died due to a chronic kidney disease, leaving the Thurn and Taxis throne in the hands of Helene until their son reached maturity.
3rd Motor Brigade (Australia)
The 3rd Motor Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army during the interwar years and early part of World War II. Initially raised in 1921 as the 3rd Cavalry Brigade in Victoria, it was a formation of the part-time Militia. It consisted of three light horse regiments, which were spread across several depots in regional Victoria. During World War II, the brigade was mobilised for defensive duties in December 1941 to defend against a possible invasion. In early 1942, it was converted into a motorised formation and was redesignated as the 3rd Motor Brigade. The brigade moved to Western Australia in late 1942 and remained there until August 1944 when it was disbanded without having seen combat.

17th Light Horse Regiment
The 17th Light Horse Regiment (Prince of Wale's Light Horse) was a Citizens Military Force (CMF) unit of the Australian Light Horse, formed during the 1912 reorganisation of the Australian Army. The regiment traces its origins back to the militia cavalry regiments raised in the colony of Victoria, such as the Royal Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, the Prince of Wales's Light Horse Hussars and the Sandhurst Cavalry Troop.
Hall violator
In graph theory, a Hall violator is a set of vertices in a graph, that violate the condition to Hall's marriage theorem.

Formally, given a bipartite graph G = (X + Y, E), a Hall-violator in X is a subset W of X, for which |NG(W)| < |W|, where NG(W) is the set of neighbors of W in G.

If W is a Hall violator, then there is no matching that saturates all vertices of W. Therefore, there is also no matching that saturates X. Hall's marriage theorem says that the opposite is also true: if there is no Hall violator, then there exists a matching that saturates X.

Hall's marriage theorem
In mathematics, Hall's marriage theorem, proved by Philip Hall (1935), is a theorem with two equivalent formulations. In each case, the theorem gives a necessary and sufficient condition for an object to exist:

The combinatorial formulation answers whether a finite collection of sets has a transversal—that is, whether an element can be chosen from each set without repetition. Hall's condition is that for any subset of sets from the collection, the total unique elements they contain is at least as large as the number of sets in the subset.

The graph theoretic formulation answers whether a finite bipartite graph has a perfect matching—that is, a way to match each vertex from one group uniquely to an adjacent vertex from the other group. Hall's condition is that any subset of vertices from one group has a neighbourhood of equal or greater size.
Kuyubí language
Kujubim (Kuyubí, Cojubím) is a nearly extinct Chapacuran language spoken around the city of Guajará-Mirim in Rondônia, Brazil. The endonym, Kaw To Yo (or Kaw Tayó, which means 'eaters of payara fish'), may be the source of the river and synonym for this language, Cautario. Sources which list one do not list the other, so these may be the same language.

In addition, there is a language called Cumana (Kumaná), a possibly extinct variety of Kuyubí. Various names ascribed to the language in Campbell (2012) are Torá, Toraz (distinguish Torá language), and Cautario, the last perhaps after the local river, and Abitana-Kumaná (distinguish Abitana dialect).

Torá language
Torá (Toraz) is an extinct Chapacuran language that was once spoken along the lower stretches of the Marmelos River in Brazil. It is known only from a wordlist recorded by Curt Nimuendajú and published in 1925. The last fluent speaker is believed to died in the 2000s. In 2006, there were two fluent speakers left, but it only has semi-speakers as of 2018, "at least few".
Conus magnificus
Conus magnificus, common name the "magnificent cone", is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.

The subspecies Conus magnificus macilentus Lauer, 1989is a synonym of Conus episcopatus da Motta, 1982

Conus episcopatus
Conus episcopatus, the dignified cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of stinging humans, therefore live ones should be handled with care.
Robert Scheer
Robert Scheer (born April 4, 1936) is an American journalist and professor who has written for Ramparts, the Los Angeles Times, Playboy, Hustler Magazine, Truthdig, ScheerPost and other publications as well as having written many books. His column for Truthdig was nationally syndicated by Creators Syndicate in publications such as The Huffington Post and The Nation. He is a clinical professor of communications at the Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism at the University of Southern California. Scheer is the former editor in-chief for the Webby Award-winning online magazine Truthdig. Scheer’s work tends to embrace  left-wing politics, and for many years, he co-hosted the nationally syndicated political analysis radio program Left, Right & Center on National Public Radio (NPR), produced at public radio station KCRW in Santa Monica. The Society of Professional Journalists awarded Scheer the 2011 Sigma Delta Chi Award for his column.

USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
The USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism is a part of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
It has 2,300 undergraduate and graduate students. Willow Bay is the Dean. Prof. Hector Amaya is the Director of the School of Communication, Prof. Gordon Stables serves as Director of the School of Journalism.