hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regular sequence
In commutative algebra, a regular sequence is a sequence of elements of a commutative ring which are as independent as possible, in a precise sense. This is the algebraic analogue of the geometric notion of a complete intersection.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Gambling in Pennsylvania
Gambling in Pennsylvania includes casino gambling, the Pennsylvania Lottery, horse racing, bingo, and small games of chance conducted by nonprofit organizations and taverns under limited circumstances. Although casino gaming has been legal for less than two decades, Pennsylvania is second only to Nevada in commercial casino revenues.

On October 26, 2017, the House passed a bill to legalize online gambling. Governor Tom Wolf signed that bill into law on October 30, 2017.

Pennsylvania Lottery
The Pennsylvania Lottery is a lottery operated by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It was created by the Pennsylvania General Assembly on August 26, 1971; from a bill sponsored by Harry Englehart.
Two months later, Henry Kaplan was appointed as its first executive director. The Pennsylvania Lottery sold its first tickets on March 7, 1972, and drew its first numbers on March 15, 1972.
Ivory McKusick House
The Ivory McKusick House is a historic house in Stillwater, Minnesota, United States, completed in 1872 for Ivory McKusick (1827–1906).  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and commerce.  It was nominated as a striking example of Second Empire architecture in the region and for its associations with a notable family in early Stillwater.  McKusick had built his wealth via the lumber industry and government contracts during the Civil War.  His older brother John had helped establish the first sawmill in the vicinity in 1843, named and platted the community that grew around it after his hometown in Maine, and served as its first mayor.

Stillwater, Minnesota
Stillwater is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Washington County. It is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, on the west bank of the St. Croix River, across from Houlton, Wisconsin. Stillwater's population was 19,394 at the 2020 census. Stillwater is often called "the birthplace of Minnesota" due to its role in the establishment of the state.
John William Robinson Parker
John William Robinson Parker CB JP DL FSA FRHistS (6 October 1857 – 24 February 1938) was a British soldier, antiquarian, owner of Browsholme Hall and Honorary Bowbearer of the Forest of Bowland, Lancashire.

Yorkshire Archaeological and Historical Society
The Yorkshire Archaeological and Historical Society (YAHS), formerly known as the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, is a learned society and registered charity founded in 1863. It is dedicated to the study of the archaeology, history and people of the three Ridings of the historic county of Yorkshire. It publishes an annual journal, the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal; and, particularly through its Record Series, it also functions as a text publication society. Its headquarters are in Leeds.

The Society has seven special interest groups, such as the Family History or the Roman Antiquities sections. These may be joined without full membership of the main YAHS.
Lilloise Range
The Lilloise Range or Lilloise Mountains (Danish: Lilloise Bjerge) is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality.

In petrology the Lilloise Intrusion is named after this range.

Sermersooq
Sermersooq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [sɜm.mɜs.sɔːq̚]) is a municipality in Greenland, formed on 1 January 2009 from five previous, smaller municipalities, and is the largest municipality in the world by area. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, and it is the most populous municipality in the country, with 24,229 inhabitants as of January 2025.
Brøndby Municipality
Brøndby Kommune (Danish: [ˈpʁɶnpy kʰoˈmuːnə]), a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the former Copenhagen County (now Region Hovedstaden), is on the east coast of the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 20.85 km2 (8.05 sq mi), and has a total population of 40,401 (2025).  Its mayor is Maja Højgaard, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party.

The site of its municipal council is the town of Brøndbyvester. Neighboring municipalities are Hvidovre to the east, Rødovre to the north, Glostrup to the north, Albertslund to the northwest, and Vallensbæk to the west.  To the south is Køge Bay (Køge Bugt).

The geography of Brøndby municipality was not affected by the nationwide Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007) on 1 January 2007.

Albertslund
Albertslund is a Copenhagen suburb in Albertslund Municipality, Denmark. It is located 15 km (9.3 mi) west of central Copenhagen, with a population of around 30,000.

Albertslund is a planned community or new town mainly built in the 1960s and 1970s. The suburb is known for its experimental and innovative low rise urban planning, integrating water and green spaces in the architecture.

Albertslund station is connected to the Copenhagen S-train system and has an open-air shopping centre, Albertslund Centrum
Podkoszyce
Podkoszyce [pɔtkɔˈʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojciechowice, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Wojciechowice, 12 km (7 mi) east of Opatów, and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Wojciechowice, Opatów County
Wojciechowice (Polish pronunciation: [vɔjt͡ɕɛxɔˈvit͡sɛ]) is a village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wojciechowice. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) east of Opatów and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations (Manitoba)
The Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations was a cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada.

The Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations was a cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada.

The position had existed since the 1960s and had always been held by the Premier of Manitoba. The minister was responsible for representing the Executive Council of Manitoba in discussions with the Government of Canada.

The last minister was Greg Selinger.

Premier of Manitoba
The premier of Manitoba (French: premier ministre du Manitoba) is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Manitoba—as well as the de facto President of the province's Executive Council.

In formal terms, the premier receives a commission to form a government from the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the monarch at the provincial level.

The 25th and current premier of Manitoba is Wab Kinew, who was sworn in on October 18, 2023.
Belgium–Mexico relations
The nations of Belgium and Mexico established contact in 1836, when Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico, however, diplomatic relations were officially established between both nations in 1861. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.

Baudouin of Belgium
Baudouin (US: /boʊˈdwæ̃/; 7 September 1930 – 31 July 1993) was King of the Belgians from 17 July 1951 until his death in 1993. He was the last Belgian king to be sovereign of the Congo, before it became independent in 1960 and became the Democratic Republic of the Congo (known from 1971 to 1997 as Zaire).

Baudouin was the elder son of King Leopold III (1901–1983) and his first wife, Princess Astrid of Sweden (1905–1935). Because he and his wife, Queen Fabiola, had no children, at Baudouin's death the crown passed to his younger brother, King Albert II.

In 2024, the Holy See opened the cause for his beatification, prompting criticism from Catholics who believe that such a figure should not be considered for canonization, especially by the Vatican itself.
Ameriprise Financial
Ameriprise Financial, Inc. is an American diversified financial services company and bank holding company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It provides financial planning products and services, including wealth management, asset management, insurance, annuities, and estate planning.

As of April 2022, more than 80% of the company's revenue came from wealth management.

Ameriprise was formerly a division of American Express, which completed the corporate spin-off of the company in September 2005.

The company is ranked 254th on the Fortune 500. It is on the list of largest banks in the United States and was ranked the 9th largest independent broker-dealer based on assets under management. It is one of the largest financial planning companies in the United States and ranks among the 25 largest asset managers globally. It is ranked 8th in long-term mutual fund assets in the U.S., fourth in retail funds in the U.K., and 27th in global assets under management.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the federal government agency that serves as the ultimate regulator of the United States securities industry, including oversight of FINRA.
Perovec
Perovec (pronounced [ˈpeːɾɔʋəts]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. It lies north of Draža Vas, just east of the Slovenian A1 motorway. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Draža Vas
Draža Vas (pronounced [ˈdɾaːʒa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Draža vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the Dravinja River east of Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

A prehistoric hill fort has been identified in the area with archaeological topography. Surface finds have helped date the site to the Early Iron Age.
Kheibar (missile)
The Kheibar (Persian: خیبر), also known as Khorramshahr-4, is an Iranian medium-range ballistic missile from the fourth generation of the Khorramshahr missile family manufactured by the Ministry of Defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This missile was unveiled on Thursday, June 4, 2023, in the presence of Mohammad Reza Ashtiani, Minister of Defense of the Islamic Republic. The Khoramshahr ballistic missile offers a range of 2,000 km and can carry a 1,500-kilogram warhead.

Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)
The Second Battle of Khorramshahr, also known in Iran as the Liberation of Khorramshahr (Persian: آزادسازی خرمشهر, romanized: Âzâdsâzī-ye Khorramshahr) was the Iranian recapture of the city of Khorramshahr on 24 May 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. The city had been captured by the Iraqis earlier in the war, on 26 October 1980, shortly after the Iraqi invasion of Iran. The successful retaking of the city was part of Iran's Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas. It is perceived as a turning point in the war; and the liberation of the city is annually celebrated in Iran on 24 May.
Charles-Édouard Boutibonne
Charles Édouard Boutibonne (Budapest, 8 July 1816 – Wilderswil, 7 February 1897) was a French painter of the academic classicism school.

He was born to French parents in Hungary. As a 22-year-old he painted a portrait of Liszt. He was a student of Franz Winterhalter.

Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Franz Xaver Winterhalter (20 April 1805 – 8 July 1873) was a German painter and lithographer, known for his flattering portraits of royalty and upper-class society in the mid-19th century. His name has become associated with fashionable court portraiture. Among his best known works are Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting (1855) and the portraits he made of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1865).
Eremalche
Eremalche is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family. They are endemic to the United States desert southwest.

Species:

Eremalche exilis - white mallow

Eremalche parryi - Parry's mallow

Eremalche rotundifolia - desert five-spot

The California endangered plant sometimes called Eremalche kernensis is today generally considered to be a subspecies of Parry's mallow, Eremalche parryi ssp kernensis.

Eremalche rotundifolia
Eremalche rotundifolia, the desert five-spot, is a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to the Mojave Desert and Colorado Desert in the Southwestern United States.

This dicot and annual herb  is found in scrublands, desert flats, washes and open stony areas between 50 and 1,500 m in elevation. It can be found in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park and in Death Valley National Park in southern California. It can also be found in Nevada and Utah.

Generally this wildflower is only found between March and May.
Rohanlal Chaturvedi
Rohan Chaturvedi (born 7 July 1919, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician who was a member of 5th Lok Sabha from Etah (Lok Sabha constituency) in Uttar Pradesh State, India. He was born in Lakhimpur Kheri.

Chaturvedi was elected to 1st and 4th from Etah and 2nd Lok Sabha from Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency).

Barhan Jn to Etah railway line was sanctioned and got operational during his tenure as Minister of state (Railways).

Chaturvedi died prior to 2012.

5th Lok Sabha
The 5th Lok Sabha (15 March 1971 — 18 January 1977) of India was elected during February–March 1971.The term of the House was extended two times by one year at a time. However, the House was dissolved after having been in existence for a period of five years, 10 months, and six days. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 4 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 5th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.

Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister as in the previous 4th Lok Sabha. However, INC lost 198 seats in the next 6th Lok Sabha, which was constituted after the 1977 Indian general election.
Aerinite
Aerinite (Ca4(Al,Fe,Mg)10Si12O35(OH)12CO3·12H2O) is a bluish-purple inosilicate mineral. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as fibrous or compact masses and coatings. It has a dark, vitreous luster, a specific gravity of 2.48 and a Mohs hardness of 3.

It is a low-temperature hydrothermal phase occurring in zeolite facies alteration of  dolerites. Associated minerals include prehnite, scolecite and mesolite.

Its name comes from a Greek root "aerinos," meaning "atmosphere" or "sky blue". It was first described by Lasaulx (1876) from a specimen in the Wrocław museum that was obtained in Aragon, Spain. In 1882, the geologist Luis Mariano Vidal found the mineral in situ in Caserras del Castillo, a locality that currently belongs to the municipality of Estopiñán del Castillo, in Huesca (Spain).

Mesolite
Mesolite is a tectosilicate mineral with formula Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30·8H2O. It is a member of the zeolite group and the natrolite subgroup, also resembling natrolite in appearance.

Mesolite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically forms fibrous, acicular prismatic crystals or masses. Radiating sprays of needlelike crystals are not uncommon. It is vitreous in luster and clear to white in color. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 5.5 and a low specific gravity of 2.2 to 2.4. The refractive indices are nα=1.505 nβ=1.505 nγ=1.506.
Herman Prayitno
Air Chief Marshal Herman Prayitno (born 9 January 1951 in Yogyakarta) was the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force from 13 February 2006 until 28 December 2007.

In September 2007, Prayitno announced that the air force would be increasing its capability by purchasing three maritime surveillance aircraft, six Sukhoi fighter jets, several NAS-332 Super Puma helicopters and KT-1B training aircraft. Archived 2011-05-18 at the Wayback Machine

In 2012, Prayitno was appointed as Indonesia's ambassador to Malaysia and served until 2017.

Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force
The Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force (Indonesian: Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Udara, abbreviated KSAU or KASAU) is the highest position in the Indonesian Air Force. The position is held by the four-star Marshal, appointed by and reporting directly to the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Chief of Staff is assisted by Vice Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force, position is held by three-star Marshal.
Daniel Hugh Kelly
Daniel Hugh Kelly (born August 10, 1952) is an American stage, film and television actor. He is best known for his role on the 1980s ABC TV series Hardcastle and McCormick (1983–1986) as the ex-con Mark "Skid" McCormick, co-starring with actor Brian Keith.

Williamstown Theatre Festival
The Williamstown Theatre Festival is a resident summer theater on the campus of Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1954 by Williams College news director Ralph Renzi and drama program chairman David C. Bryant. It was awarded a Tony Award in 2002 and the Massachusetts Cultural Council Commonwealth Award in 2011.
2006 Arab Junior Athletics Championships
The 2006 Arab Junior Athletics Championships was the 12th edition of the international athletics competition for under-20 athletes from Arab countries. It took place in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 44 athletics events were contested, 22 for men and 22 for women.

Arab Junior Athletics Championships
The Arab Junior Athletics Championships (Arabic: البطولة العربية للشباب والشابات لألعاب القوى), also known as the Arab U20 Athletics Championships, is a biennial international athletics competition between athletes under the age of 20 (juniors) from Arabic countries. It is organised by the Arab Athletic Association.

If was first held in 1984 – seven years after the inauguration of the senior Arab Athletics Championships. An Arab Youth Athletics Championships was launched twenty years after the junior competition.
Rubroshorea rotundifolia
Rubroshorea rotundifolia (also called light red meranti) is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo, where it is confined to Sarawak.

The species was first described as Shorea rotundifolia by Peter Shaw Ashton in 1967. In 2022 Ashton and Jacqueline Heckenhauer placed the species in genus Rubroshorea as R. rotundifolia.

Rubroshorea
Rubroshorea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It includes 71 species of trees native to Borneo, Caroline Islands, Java, Malaya, Maluku, the Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand.

The genus corresponds to the Red meranti group in the Dipterocarp timber classification system.
2001 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 2001 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 14 October to 11 November 2001.

Toomevara were the defending champions.

On 11 November 2001, Toomevara won the title after a 1–22 to 1–13 defeat of Thurles Sarsfields in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their 17th championship title overall and their fourth title in succession.

2000 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 2000 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 110th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 9 September 2000 and ended on 15 October 2000.

Toomevara were the defending champions.

On 15 October 2000, Toomevara won the title after a 2–10 to 0–11 defeat of Thurles Sarsfields in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their 16th championship title overall and their third title in succession.

Paddy O'Brien from Toomevara and Johnny Enright from Thurles Sarsfields were the championship joint top scorers.
Violin Sonata No. 22 (Mozart)
Violin Sonata No. 22 in A major (K. 305/293d) is a work composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Paris in 1778.  There are two movements:

The first movement is in sonata form.  This movement has one of the bounciest, happiest melodies to be found in his violin sonatas.  The second movement is in a theme and variations form.  This movement is more somber than the opening movement, being at a slower tempo and having a more subdued melody.

A major
A major is a major scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative minor is F-sharp minor and its parallel minor is A minor.

The A major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

In the treble, alto, and bass clefs, the G♯ in the key signature is placed higher than C♯. However, in the tenor clef, it would require a ledger line and so G♯ is placed lower than C♯.
Thaba Putsoa
Thaba Putsoa (Blue Mountain) is a mountain in the Maseru District of Lesotho. It lies along the road to the Mohale Dam, approximately 70 kilometres to the southeast of the capital Maseru. The mountain attains a height of 3,096 metres. It is the source of the Orange River.

Thaba Putsoa has some of the coolest temperatures in Lesotho.

On 13 April 2017, a Eurocopter EC135 T2+ crashed on 13 April 2017 in the area of Thaba Putsoa, killing all four people on board. The helicopter was carrying three soldiers and an official from the Ministry of Finance who was delivering pensions to outlying districts. Officials reported it hit power lines and crashed in mountainous terrain near Thaba Putsoa, killing two of the soldiers and critically injuring the other two passengers, both of whom later died in hospital from their injuries.

Maseru District
Maseru is a district of Lesotho. Maseru is also the name of the district's capital, and is the only city in the district and also the capital of the country. It is the largest urban area in the country, and therefore the only city. The city of Maseru is located on Lesotho's western border with the Free State Province of South Africa, the frontier being the Caledon River.  Maseru borders on Berea District in north, Thaba-Tseka District in the east, Mohale's Hoek District in south, and Mafeteng District in southwest.

As of 2006, the district had a population of 431,998 which was 23.02 per cent of the total population of the country. The total area of the district was 4,279 which was 14.10 per cent of the total area of the country. The density of population in the district was 101.00 per km2. As of 2008, there were 52 economically active people in the district. There were totally 294,062 employed people out of a total of 585,770 people in the district above 15 years of age.