hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Megaupload legal case
Multiple criminal indictments and enforcement actions were taken against Megaupload owner Kim Dotcom in various jurisdictions. On 19 January 2012 the United States Department of Justice seized and shut down the file-hosting site Megaupload.com and commenced criminal cases against its owners and others. On 20 January 2012 Hong Kong Customs froze more than 300 million Hong Kong dollars (US$39 million) in assets belonging to the company.

File-hosting service
A file-hosting service, also known as cloud-storage service, online file-storage provider, or cyberlocker, is an internet hosting service specifically designed to host user files. These services allow users to upload files that can be accessed over the internet after providing a username and password or other authentication. Typically, file hosting services allow HTTP access, and in some cases, FTP access. Other related services include content-displaying hosting services (i.e. video and image), virtual storage, and remote backup solutions.
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi (Urdu: محمد حفيظ قريشى) (31 October 1930 – 11 August 2007), NI, SI, HI, known as Hafeez Qureshi, was a Pakistani nuclear scientist and a mechanical engineer, known for his role as a diagnostics engineer for his nation's nuclear capability.

His career was spent working at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology as overseeing the diagnostics on the subcritical experiments on the nuclear weapons where he gained expertise on engineering applications of nuclear physics.

Ras Koh Range
The Ras Koh Range: i  (popularised as Ras Koh Test Site: 270 ) is a granite mountain range located between the districts of Chagai and Kharan of Balochistan in Pakistan.: 53 : 183

The site was used by Pakistan to conduct testing of nuclear devices, and it covers mostly desert and mountainous terrain.: 183  Since 1998, only six nuclear testing took place when Pakistan put a unilateral moratorium on a full-scale testing.: 183
Edward Kern
Edward Meyer Kern (October 26, 1822 or 1823 – November 25, 1863) was an American artist, topographer, and explorer of California, the Southwestern United States, and East Asia. He is the namesake of the Kern River and Kern County, California.

Lake Isabella
Lake Isabella also called Isabella Lake, is a reservoir in Kern County, California, United States created by the earthen Isabella Dam. At 11,000 acres (4,500 ha), it is one of the larger reservoirs in California. Lake Isabella is located about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Bakersfield, and is the main water supply for that city. It was formed in 1953 when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dammed the Kern River at the junction of its two forks. The area is in the southern end of the Sierra Nevada range and the lake itself is located in low mountains at an elevation of approximately 2,500 ft (760 m) where summer temperatures reach over 100 °F (38 °C) but low enough to avoid winter snows on the surrounding ridges. The former towns of Isabella and Kernville were flooded when the reservoir was created.
San Miguel Chapel Site
The San Miguel Chapel Site is an archeological site in Ventura, California, United States, at the location of the first outpost and center of operations that was established while the first Mission San Buenaventura was being constructed. The San Miguel Chapel was located just outside the southwest corner of the walled garden that was constructed as part of the ultimate layout of the mission complex. The open space park is located at the southwest corner of Thompson Boulevard and Palm Street in downtown Ventura. Interpretative signs and public art have been added to the site, which is protected and managed as a natural environment by the city parks department.

Architecture of the California missions
The architecture of the California missions was influenced by several factors, those being the limitations in the construction materials that were on hand, an overall lack of skilled labor, and a desire on the part of the founding priests to emulate notable structures in their Spanish homeland. While no two mission complexes are identical, they all employed the same basic building style.
Ewell Station
Ewell Station is a later station of the Butterfield Overland Mail located 24.4 miles (39.3 km) east of Dragoon Springs, Arizona and 12.22 miles (19.67 km) west of Apache Pass Station.  This station shortened the route between Dragoon Springs and Apache Pass Stations and provided a water stop not previously available. The station was probably started in late 1858 (1858) as it is not listed in Oct., 1858  but appears in an account from 1862, after Butterfield had ceased operation. Water at the station was hauled from a spring, located 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the station in the Dos Cabezas Mountains and stored in a cistern.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.
The Cosmic Game
The Cosmic Game is the fourth studio album by American electronic music duo Thievery Corporation, released on February 22, 2005, by ESL Music. After the success of their previous album The Richest Man in Babylon (2002), the guest artists on The Cosmic Game are of higher profile. The album features various styles of music including club, future-bossa, breaks, rock, and more.

The album debuted at number 74 on the UK Albums Chart, and has sold over 151,000 copies in the United States.

The Richest Man in Babylon (album)
The Richest Man in Babylon is the third studio album by American electronic music duo Thievery Corporation. It was first released on September 30, 2002 in Belgium and on October 1, 2002 in the United States by ESL Music. The album features contributions from Emiliana Torrini, LouLou, Pam Bricker, and Notch, and features both electronic and live instrumentation. The album combines influences such as dub, jazz, dance music, rap, reggae, and Indian music, and incorporates protest music into the group's sound. A remix/dub version of the album was released in 2004 titled Babylon Rewound featuring the previously unreleased track "Truth And Rights".
Apple ProRes
Apple ProRes is a lossy compression format developed by Apple for use in post-production that supports video resolution up to 8K. Although it uses lossy compression, it is considered a perceptually lossless compression format. It is the successor of the Apple Intermediate Codec and was introduced in 2007 with Final Cut Studio 2. Much like the H.26x and MPEG standards, the ProRes family of codecs use compression algorithms based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). ProRes is widely used as a final format delivery method for HD broadcast files in commercials, features, Blu-ray and streaming.

Moving Picture Experts Group
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is an alliance of working groups established jointly by ISO and IEC that sets standards for media coding, including compression coding of audio, video, graphics, and genomic data; and transmission and file formats for various applications. Together with JPEG, MPEG is organized under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).

MPEG formats are used in various multimedia systems. The most well known older MPEG media formats typically use MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 AVC media coding and MPEG-2 systems transport streams and program streams. Newer systems typically use the MPEG base media file format and dynamic streaming (a.k.a. MPEG-DASH).
Donn Sléibhe Ó Gadhra
Donn Sléibhe Ó Gadhra, King of Sliabh Lugha, died 1217.

The Annals of the Four Masters record Donn Sléibhe demise in some detail, sub anno 1227:

Donslevy O'Gara, Lord of Sliabh Lugha, was slain by Gillaroe, his own brother's son, after the latter had, on the same night, forcibly taken a house from him and Gillaroe himself was afterwards put to death for this crime by the devise of Hugh O'Conor.

Aedh Ua Conchobair
Aedh mac Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair (reigned 1224–1228) was King of Connacht with opposition alongside his uncle Toirdhealbhach mac Ruaidhrí Ó Conchobhair. Aedh succeeded his father Cathal Crobhdearg upon his death in 1224 but struggled to assert control over the entire province. His reign closely mirrored the early years of his father's reign, with two rival claimants, backed by outside powers, fighting an indecisive civil war lasting several years.
2013 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup
The 2013 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup was the 41st edition of the FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup. It was held in Luanda and Namibe (today Moçâmedes), Angola from 20 to 28 September 2013. This is the first Roller Hockey World Cup organized in Africa.

Men's Roller Hockey World Cup
The World Skate Roller Hockey World Cup is the international championship for roller hockey organized by World Skate. The first event was held in 1936, in the city of Stuttgart. Since 1989, the World Championship tournament is held every two years on the odd years. Until 2017, it was organized by the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports. As of 2019, following the merge between the FIRS and the International Skateboarding Federation, the World Cup is now an event of the larger World Roller Games.

Through the 2019 World Cup, only five countries have taken the Roller Hockey World Cup: England winning two times, Portugal winning sixteen times, Spain winning seventeen times, Italy winning four times and Argentina winning five times.

Since the 2003 World Cup all events have been 16-team events, featuring a four group round-robin tournament with four teams in each group. The top two teams in each group advance to an eight team knockout final series.
Freddy Kalas
Fredrik Auke (born 12 February 1990), also known as Freddy Kalas and previously as Freddy Genius, is a Norwegian singer signed to Alter Ego Music. His debut hit "Pinne for landet" topped VG lista, the official Norwegian Singles Chart. The follow-up "Hey Ho" made it to number 2 on the same chart. He is the brother of Simen Auke from the DJ duo Broiler.

In 2016, he took part in the preselection for Norwegian Melodi Grand Prix in a bid to represent Norway in Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with "Feel Da Rush". He reached the final four in the preselection process finishing runner-up to the winning song "Icebreaker" by Agnete. Kalas' song proved popular with the public making it to number 2 on the Norwegian Singles Chart.

Agnete Saba
Agnete Kristin Johnsen Saba (born 4 July 1994), also known as Agnete Saba, Agnete Johnsen or simply Agnete, is a Sami-Norwegian singer and songwriter. Saba is best known for being the lead singer of the Norwegian teen punk band the BlackSheeps. She represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 as a solo artist with the song "Icebreaker".
Healdsburg Prune Packers
The Healdsburg Prune Packers are the collegiate level summer baseball team which has been playing at Recreation Park since 1921.  Operating under various organizational structures over the years, the Packers became a part of the California Collegiate League in 2014.  As of 2024, they became a charter team of the newly-formed Pacific Empire League.

Andrew Vaughn
Andrew Clayton Vaughn (born April 3, 1998) is an American professional baseball first baseman for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Chicago White Sox. Vaughn played college baseball for the  California Golden Bears, and won the Golden Spikes Award in 2018. He was selected by the White Sox in the first round of the 2019 MLB draft and made his MLB debut in 2021.
Narubadin Weerawatnodom
Narubadin Weerawatnodom (Thai: นฤบดินทร์ วีรวัฒโนดม, RTGS: Naruebodin Wirawatnodom, born 12 July 1994) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Thai League 1 club Buriram United and the Thailand national team.

2011 AFF U-19 Youth Championship
The  2011 AFF U-19 Youth Championship was held from 8 to 21 September 2011, hosted by Myanmar. All games were initially set to be played at the Thuwunna Stadium but the Aung San Stadium was also added to the match schedule due to unfavorable weather conditions that were forecast to persist for the opening stages which would be detrimental to the Thuwunna Stadium pitch.
Scorpion (Carmilla Black)
Scorpion (Carmilla Black, born Thasanee Rappaccini) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She first appears in Amazing Fantasy (vol. 2) #7 and was created by Fred Van Lente and Leonard Kirk.

Avengers: The Initiative
Avengers: The Initiative is a comic book series from Marvel Comics. Written by Dan Slott and Christos Gage with artwork initially by Stefano Caselli, Steve Uy and Harvey Tolibao, the series handles the aftermath of Marvel's "Civil War" storyline (however, it should not be confused with "The Initiative" a banner running across Marvel books from Feb. 2007 to May 2007, similar to Marvel's earlier "Decimation" banner after the "House of M" storyline, or the Civil War: The Initiative special by Brian Michael Bendis). A preview of the title was shown in Civil War: The Initiative.
Divorce in the United Kingdom
Due to variances in divorce law around the United Kingdom, the topic is broken down into multiple articles which are catalogued below:

Divorce in England and Wales

Divorce in Scotland

Divorce in Northern Ireland

Divorce in England and Wales
In England and Wales, divorce is allowed under the Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act 2020 on the ground that the marriage has irretrievably broken down without having to prove fault or separation.

Civil remarriage is allowed. Religions and denominations differ on whether they permit religious remarriage.

A divorce in England and Wales is only possible for marriages of more than one year and when the marriage has irretrievably broken down. Following reform in 2022, it is no longer possible to defend a divorce. A decree of divorce is initially granted conditionally, before it is made final after a period of at least six weeks.
Matthew Murphy
Matthew Edward Murphy (born 23 July 1984) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and primary songwriter of The Wombats, which he co-founded in 2003. He began a solo career under the name Love Fame Tragedy in 2018.

Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts
The Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA) is a performing arts higher education institution in Liverpool, founded by Paul McCartney and Mark Featherstone-Witty and opened in 1996. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.

The Education Guardian has previously ranked LIPA No. 1 in the UK for several of its degree courses, and it is regularly ranked as one of the top 10 specialist institutions.

In September 2003, LIPA launched LIPA 4–19, a part-time performing arts academy for 4-to-19-year-olds. LIPA started its own primary free school in 2014 and its own sixth form free college in 2016.
Paver base
Paver base is a form of aggregate used in the construction of patios and walkways whose topmost layer consists of mortarless (or "dry-laid") pavers.  The first layer in the construction of such a surface is called the subgrade—this is the layer of native material underneath the intended surface.  It is usually compacted and stabilized.  If the final pavement is to have vehicle traffic, a layer of subbase of crushed stone or concrete must come next—this layer will even out the subgrade and will bear the heaviest load from the pavement above.  Next comes the base course (also called the aggregate base course or ABC) composed of crushed gravel varying from 0.75 in (1.9 cm) down to dust-particle size.  It too is typically compacted and evened.  The next layer will be the paver base, composed of coarse sand and typically between 6 and 12 in (15.2 and 30.5 cm) thick, depending on anticipated traffic.

Pavers (flooring)
A paver is a paving stone, sett, tile, brick or brick-like piece of concrete commonly used as exterior flooring. They are generally placed on top of a foundation which is made of layers of compacted stone and sand. The pavers are placed in the desired pattern and the space between pavers that is created with the integrated spacer bar is then filled with concrete sand or a polymeric sand. No actual adhesive or retaining method is used other than the weight of the paver itself except edging. Pavers can be used to make roads, driveways, patios, walkways and other outdoor platforms.

In a factory, concrete pavers are made with a mixture of sand, stone, cement and iron oxide pigments in a mold and then cured prior to packaging.
Death Valley June beetle
The Death Valley June beetle (Polyphylla erratica) is a scarab beetle in the subfamily Melolonthinae. It is only known to occur in the drainage basin of the Amargosa River in the southwestern United States.
Saltgrass communities, such as those at Saratoga Springs in Death Valley, provide habitat for the insect at all stages of its life.

Predators of the beetle include coyotes, ravens, and shrikes, the last of which are known to impale the insects on vegetation.

The Death Valley June beetle does not carry any official conservation status, but is listed as a Species of Concern by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The California Department of Fish and Game considers the beetle a "Special Animal" of high conservation need.

Amargosa River
The Amargosa River is a waterway, 185 miles (298 km) long, in southern Nevada and eastern California in the United States. The Amargosa River is one out of two rivers located in the California portion of the Mojave Desert with perennial flow. It drains a high desert region, the Amargosa Valley in the Amargosa Desert northwest of Las Vegas, into the Mojave Desert, and finally into Death Valley where it disappears into the ground aquifer. Except for a small portion of its route in the Amargosa Canyon in California and a small portion at Beatty, Nevada, the river flows above ground only after a rare rainstorm washes the region. A 26-mile (42 km) stretch of the river between Shoshone and Dumont Dunes is protected as a National Wild and Scenic River. At the south end of Tecopa Valley the Amargosa River Natural Area protects the habitat.
Holocaust trains
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

The speed at which people targeted in the "Final Solution" could be exterminated was dependent on two factors: the capacity of the death camps to gas the victims and quickly dispose of their bodies, as well as the capacity of the railways to transport the victims from Nazi ghettos to extermination camps. The most modern accurate numbers on the scale of the "Final Solution" still rely partly on shipping records of the German railways.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Sidney Hill
Simon Sidney Hill (1 October 1829 – 3 March 1908) was an English philanthropist, merchant, gentleman farmer, and justice of the peace. From beginnings as a linen merchant, he made his fortune as a colonial and general merchant trading from South Africa. He supported and endowed almshouses in Churchill and Lower Langford, and manses for Methodist clergy at Banwell and Cheddar. He founded Methodist churches at Port Elizabeth, Sandford, Shipham and Blagdon besides the Wesley Methodist church and school at Churchill. Many of his charitable foundations still survive.

Chimney sweep
A chimney sweep is a person who inspects then clears soot and creosote from chimneys. The chimney uses the pressure difference caused by a hot column of gas to create a draught and draw air over the hot coals or wood enabling continued combustion. Chimneys may be straight or contain many changes of direction. During normal operation, a layer of creosote builds up on the inside of the chimney, restricting the flow. The creosote can also catch fire, setting the chimney alight (and potentially the entire building). The chimney must be swept to remove the soot.

In Great Britain, master sweeps took apprentices, typically workhouse or orphan boys, and trained them to climb chimneys. In the German States, master sweeps belonged to trade guilds and did not use climbing boys. In Italy, Belgium, and France, climbing boys were used.

The occupation requires some dexterity and carries health risks.
All Saints' Church, Urmston
All Saints' Church is a Roman Catholic parish church situated between Dumplington and Barton upon Irwell, near Urmston, in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The church was constructed between 1867 and 1868 and was designed by E. W. Pugin in the Gothic Revival style for Sir Humphrey de Trafford. It is situated on Redclyffe Road, close to the Manchester Ship Canal. The church is a Grade I listed building and considered to be an example of Pugin's best work, according to Nikolaus Pevsner, "the masterpiece of [Pugin's] life, without any doubt." It has been served by priests from the Conventual Franciscans since 1928.

Catholic missions
Missionary work of the Catholic Church has often been undertaken outside the geographically defined parishes and dioceses by religious orders who have people and material resources to spare, and some of which specialized in missions. Eventually, parishes and dioceses would be organized worldwide, often after an intermediate phase as an apostolic prefecture or apostolic vicariate. Catholic mission has predominantly been carried out by the Latin Church in practice.

In the Roman Curia, missionary work is organised by the Dicastery for Evangelisation.
Rębice
Rębice [rɛmˈbit͡sɛ] (German: Birkhain) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Rymań, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Rymań, 22 km (14 mi) south of Kołobrzeg, and 87 km (54 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Rymań
Rymań [ˈrɨmaɲ] (German: Roman) is a village in Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rymań. It lies approximately 25 km (16 mi) south of Kołobrzeg and 86 km (53 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 1,214.