hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ettore Bastico
Ettore Bastico (9 April 1876 – 2 December 1972) was an Italian field marshal who served as the commander of Axis forces in North Africa from 1941 to 1943 during World War II. In addition to being a general of the Royal Italian Army, he served as the governor of the Italian held Aegean islands and of Libya. After his time in the army, he became a military historian and published several books.

Marshal of Italy
Marshal of Italy (Italian: Maresciallo d'Italia) was a rank in the Royal Italian Army (Regio Esercito).  Originally created in 1924 by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini for the purpose of honoring generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz, the rank was granted to several other general officers from 1926 to 1943.  The rank was the highest in the Italian Army prior to the creation of the rank of First Marshal of the Empire in 1938.  The rank of Marshal of Italy was abolished in 1946 with the creation of the Italian Republic.  The equivalent Royal Navy (Regia Marina) rank was Grand admiral (Grande Ammiraglio), while the equivalent Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) rank was Marshal of the Air (Maresciallo dell'Aria).

The rank was formally abolished on 18 January 1947 by the Provisional Head of State Enrico de Nicola.
2015–16 Nevada Wolf Pack women's basketball team
The 2015–16 Nevada Wolf Pack women's basketball team represented the University of Nevada, Reno during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wolf Pack, led by ninth year head coach Jane Albright, played their home games at the Lawlor Events Center and were members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 5–25, 4–14 in Mountain West play to finish in tenth place. They lost in the first round of the Mountain West women's tournament to Utah State.

2016 Mountain West Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2016 Mountain West Conference women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's which was held on March 7–11, 2016 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Colorado State defeated Fresno State to win their 2nd Mountain West title, 3rd overall for the first time since 2001 and earn an automatic bid to the NCAA women's tournament.
Nicolaus Copernicus Monument (Montreal)
The Nicolaus Copernicus Monument (French: Monument à Nicolas Copernic), a 1966 replica of Bertel Thorvaldsen's 1830 monument in Warsaw, is located outside the Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium in Montreal's Space for Life. It was previously displayed in Chaboillez Square, outside the Dow Planetarium. The statue was originally displayed during Expo 67, and was relocated to its current location in 2013.

Artist: Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), Danish sculptor

Materials
Statue: bronze
Base: concrete

Dimensions:
Statue: 2.7 m × 1.1 m
Base: 1.8 m × 1.5 m

Manufacturing: Bronze: Lauritz Rasmussen, Denmark, posthumous draw from plaster molds and original made in 1966 under the supervision of Dr. Dyveke Helsted, Thorvaldsen Museum director

Inaugurated in 1967, Montreal World's Fair

Acquired by the City of Montreal: 1968.

Dow Planetarium
The Dow Planetarium (later renamed the Montreal Planetarium) is a decommissioned public planetarium located at Chaboillez Square southeast of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It closed permanently in October 2011. A new facility, the Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium, near Olympic Stadium in Montreal, opened in April 2013.
Barkhan District
Barkhan  (Balochi: بارخان, Urdu: بارخان, pronunciationⓘ) is a district in the province of Balochistan in Pakistan. It shares its borders with the province of Punjab to the east and the Balochistan districts of Dera Bugti to the south, Kohlu to the west, Loralai to the northwest and Musakhel to the north. The town of Barkhan serves as the district's headquarters. It was granted the status of a separate district on 31 December 1991, prior to which it was a tehsil of Loralai District.

Musakhel District, Pakistan
Musakhel
(Urdu: ضلع موسی‌خیل) is a district in the northeast of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It became a separate district in 1992, prior to which it was a tehsil within Loralai District. Musakhel District is now part of Loralai Division, which was created after splitting Zhob Division.
Heterogymna chorospila
Heterogymna chorospila is a moth in the family Carposinidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found on Java in Indonesia.

The wingspan is about 28 mm. The forewings are grey whitish. The base white, with black subbasal spots in the middle and near the dorsum, and the costal edge is blackish towards the base. The hindwings are grey whitish, but greyish tinged towards the apex.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
1968 South Africa rugby union tour of France
The 1968 South Africa rugby union tour of France was a rugby union tour of France by the South Africa national team in October and November 1968. The tour was South Africa's first sole tour of France, having previously played France on joint-European (Great Britain, Ireland) tours. South Africa's tours of Europe over the previous decades (1906–07, 1912–13, 1931–32, 1951–52, 1960–61, 1965) were extremely successful, holding a win ratio of 88.16%, played across 150 matches.

South Africa won the two-match tour-series 2–0, with both matches being within a five-point margin (20–28 on aggregate). Overall South Africa won five of the six matches on tour.

1931–32 South Africa rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
The 1931–32 South Africa tour of Britain and Ireland was a collection of friendly rugby union games undertaken by the South Africa national team against the four British Home Nation teams. The tour also took in several matches against British and Irish club, county and invitational teams. This was the fourth South Africa tour and the third tour of the Northern Hemisphere.

The tour was extremely successful for the South Africans, as the team only lost a single match. In the tests played the team beat all four home nations. The only team to beat the Springboks was the invitational East Midlands county team. The final tour record saw 26 matches played, with South Africa winning 23, losing one and drawing two.
Particle therapy
Particle therapy is a form of external beam radiotherapy using beams of energetic neutrons, protons, or other heavier positive ions for cancer treatment. The most common type of particle therapy as of August 2021 is proton therapy.

In contrast to X-rays (photon beams) used in older radiotherapy, particle beams exhibit a Bragg peak in energy loss through the body, delivering their maximum radiation dose at or near the tumor and minimizing damage to surrounding normal tissues.

Particle therapy is also referred to more technically as hadron therapy, excluding photon and electron therapy. Neutron capture therapy, which depends on a secondary nuclear reaction, is also not considered here. Muon therapy, a rare type of particle therapy not within the categories above, has also been studied theoretically; however, muons are still most commonly used for imaging, rather than therapy.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
1972 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1972 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 31 December 1971 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1972.

At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.

Euchaetes egle
Euchaetes egle, the milkweed tiger moth or milkweed tussock moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae and the tribe Arctiini, the tiger moths. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is a common mid- through late summer feeder on milkweeds and dogbane. Like most species in this family, it has chemical defenses it acquires from its host plants, in this case, cardiac glycosides. These are retained in adults and deter bats, and presumably other predators, from feeding on them. Only very high cardiac glycoside concentrations deterred bats as predators. Adults indicate their unpalatability to bats with ultrasonic clicks from their tymbal organs.
Oracle Advanced Security
Oracle Advanced Security is an extra-cost option for Oracle database environments. It extends Oracle Net Services in the field of database computing to provide network security, enterprise-user security, public-key infrastructure security and data encryption to users of Oracle databases.

Network encryption (native network encryption and SSL/TLS) and strong authentication services (Kerberos, PKI, and RADIUS) are no longer part of Oracle Advanced Security and are available in all licensed editions of all supported releases of the Oracle database.

Oracle Net Services
Oracle Net Services consists of sets of software developed by Oracle Corporation which enable client applications to establish and maintain network sessions with Oracle Database servers. Since Oracle databases operate in and across a variety of software and hardware environments, Oracle Corporation supplies high-level transparent networking facilities with the intention of providing networking functionality regardless of differences in nodes and protocols.
Gordon Frickers
Gordon Frickers (born 1949 in Beckenham, Kent, United Kingdom) is a marine artist based in Plymouth, Devon, but also paints in France.  Frickers was the first marine artist to be exhibited at the European Parliament in Brussels in May 2011.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
UNCOVER-z13
UNCOVER-z13 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project on November 14, 2023. UNCOVER-z13 is within Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
Unknotting problem
In mathematics, the unknotting problem is the problem of algorithmically recognizing the unknot, given some representation of a knot, e.g., a knot diagram. There are several types of unknotting algorithms.  A major unresolved challenge is to determine if the problem admits a polynomial time algorithm; that is, whether the problem lies in the complexity class P.

Greg Kuperberg
Greg Kuperberg (born July 4, 1967) is a Polish-born American mathematician known for his contributions to geometric topology, quantum algebra, and combinatorics. Kuperberg is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Davis.
Luwo people
The Luo are a Nilotic ethnic group that live in Western Bhar Gazal, South Sudan. They are part of a larger group of ethno-linguistically related Luo people  of East Africa. They speak the Luo language

They are related to the Luo of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The date of divergence is estimated to have been about eight centuries ago. Their closest relatives are the Anyuak, and Shilluk.There is no tribe called Jurchol in South Sudan. 'Jur' is a reference the Dinka use to refer to someone whose language they don't understand. The Luo of South Sudan are some of the most peaceful people of the land. They believe in a united South Sudan.

Wau State
Wau State was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Bahr el Ghazal region, and was part of the former state of Western Bahr el Ghazal. Wau State bordered Aweil State, Gbudwe State, Gogrial State, Lol State, and Tonj State.
Est en Opijnen
Est en Opijnen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It existed until 1978, when it was merged with Neerijnen. Before 1818, the municipality was called Opijnen.

The municipality covered the villages of Est and Opijnen.

Est, Netherlands
Est is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Betuwe, and lies about 8 km west of Tiel.

It was first mentioned in 1316 as Est. The etymology is unclear. The church dates from 1750 and has been restored in 1999. The village pump dates from around 1770, and is still in working order. In 1840, Est was home to 588 people.
Racism in the United Kingdom
Racism in the United Kingdom has a long history and includes structural discrimination and hostile attitudes against various  ethnic minorities. The extent and the targets have varied over time. It has resulted in cases of discrimination, riots, racially motivated murders and segregation.

Among the populations targeted historically and today have been Jews, who have experienced antisemitism for centuries; Irish people and other subsequent subjects of British colonialism, black people, Romani people, migrants, and refugees. Some studies suggest Brexit led to a rise in racist incidents and hostility to foreigners or immigrants, adversely affecting Poles, Romanians and other European groups.

Levels of racist attitudes have declined in recent decades, although structural disadvantages persist and hate incidents continue.

1919 South Wales race riots
The 1919 South Wales race riots took place in the docks area of Newport and Barry, South Wales, as well as the Butetown district of Cardiff over a number of days in June 1919. Four men were killed during the disturbances. Similar riots took place in other parts of Britain that year, including Glasgow and Liverpool.
The Muslim Sunrise
The Muslim Sunrise (formerly The Moslem Sunrise) is a monthly Islamic magazine published by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in the United States of America. Founded in 1921 by Mufti Muhammad Sadiq in Highland Park area of Detroit, Michigan, it is the earliest Muslim publication originating in the United States. It took its name from a saying of the Islamic prophet Muhammad to the effect that in the latter days "the sun shall rise from the west" and serves as a platform for Islamic and interfaith discussion. Its stated purpose is that it "seeks to open discussions on Islam and topics relating to religion in general.  It highlights the role of Islam in an ever-changing global society.  It provides a platform for public opinion on contemporary issues and presenting their solutions from an Islamic perspective".

Ahmadiyya in the United States
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic branch in the United States. The earliest contact between the American people and the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam was during the lifetime of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. In 1911, during the era of the First Caliphate of the Community, the Ahmadiyya movement in India began to prepare for its mission to the United States. However, it was not until 1920, during the era of the Second Caliphate of the Ahmadiyya movement, that Mufti Muhammad Sadiq, under the directive of the caliph, would leave England on SS Haverford for the United States. Sadiq established the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in the United States in 1920. The U.S. Ahmadiyya movement is considered by some historians as one of the precursors to the Civil Rights Movement in America. The Community was the most influential Muslim community in African-American Islam until the 1950s. Today, there are approximately 15,000 to 20,000 American Ahmadi Muslims spread across the country.
British National Team Pursuit Championships
The British National Team Pursuit Championships are held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organized by British Cycling. Prior to 1996, there were two separate team pursuit championship events for amateur and professional riders. A women's championship was later added, competing over a shorter 3 km distance with three riders, until 2013 when this was increased to 4 km with 4 riders as in the men's event.

British Cycling
British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the main national governing body for cycle sport in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad. As of 2020, it has a total membership of 165,000.

It is based at the National Cycling Centre on the site of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
11552 Boucolion
11552 Boucolion /baʊˈkoʊliɒn/ is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 January 1993, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the CERGA Observatory in Caussols, France. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 90 largest Jupiter trojans and has a long rotation period of 32.4 hours. It was named from Greek mythology after the Boucolion, who lost his sons in the Trojan War.

Eric Walter Elst
Eric Walter Elst (30 November 1936 – 2 January 2022) was a Belgian astronomer at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle and a prolific discoverer of asteroids. The Minor Planet Center ranks him among the top 10 discoverers of minor planets with thousands of discoveries made at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile and at the Rozhen Observatory in Bulgaria during 1986–2009.

The minor planet 3936 Elst, a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, roughly 6 kilometers in diameter, was named in his honour.
Compound option
A compound option or split-fee option is an option on an option. The exercise payoff of a compound option involves the value of another option. A compound option then has two expiration dates and two strike prices. Usually, compounded options are used for currency or fixed income markets where insecurity exists regarding the option's risk protection. Another common business application that compound options are used for is to hedge bids for business projects that may or may not be accepted. For related discussion on multi-stage real options –  and graphical representation –  see Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation.

Strike price
In finance, the strike price (or exercise price) of an option is a fixed price at which the owner of the option can buy (in the case of a call), or sell (in the case of a put), the underlying security or commodity. The strike price may be set by reference to the spot price, which is the market price of the underlying security or commodity on the day an option is taken out. Alternatively, the strike price may be fixed at a discount or premium.

The strike price is a key variable in a derivatives contract between two parties. Where the contract requires delivery of the underlying instrument, the trade will be at the strike price, regardless of the market price of the underlying instrument at that time.
2025 Summer Deaflympics
The 2025 Summer Deaflympics, officially known as the 25th Summer Deaflympics or XXV Summer Deaflympics, was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan from 15 to 26 November 2025. The multi-sport event commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Deaflympics, as the inaugural edition was kicked off in 1924. This was the first time Japan hosting the Summer Deaflympics. It marks the fourth time that an Asian-Pacific National Deaf Sports Association has been given the hosting rights of the Summer Deaflympics after New Zealand (1989), Australia (2005), and Taiwan (2009). The event returned to its usual four-year cycle, following the postponement of the 2021 Summer Deaflympics to 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2009 Summer Deaflympics
The 2009 Summer Deaflympics (Chinese: 2009年夏季聽障奧林匹克運動會; pinyin: 2009 Nián Xiàjì tīngzhàng àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì), officially known as the 21st Summer Deaflympics was an international multi-sport event from 5 to 15 September 2009 in Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China). It was the third Summer Deaflympics to be held in the Asia-Pacific region. Judo, karate, and taekwondo have been recognized as new summer disciplines in the Deaflympics sports competition program.