hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2006 World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships
The 2006 World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships was the 16th edition of the World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships, which took place on 25–26 March 2006 in Montreal, Canada.

Teams were divided into two brackets of four: the best team from each bracket qualified directly for the final, while the two next teams entered for the repechage round and the last was eliminated. The best two teams in the repechage round qualified for the final. Thus, the final consisted of four teams. Each team was represented by four athletes at both 500 m and 1000 m as well as by two athletes at 3000 m. There were four heats at both 500 m and 1000 m, whereby each heat consisted of athletes representing different countries. There was one heat at 3000 m.

World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships
The World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships were a professional team short track speed skating event. They were held once a year in a different country.

The top eight countries from the ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup qualified automatically. Four skaters from each country raced in the 500 meter, and 1000 meters, two skaters from each country race in the 3000 meters and there was a team effort in the 3000 meters relay, for women, and the 5000 meters relay for men. Eight countries are divided into two brackets, and do races. Countries with a first placed skater got 5 points, and 3 points, 2 points, 1 points respectively, the sum of each skater for the races determined the rank. The first placed countries qualified for Final A, last placed country qualified for Final B. Repechage were held for the remaining two qualified countries for Final A.

The Championships was first held in 1991 and was discontinued until further notice by ISU after the 2011 season.
Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide (or moly) is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur. Its chemical formula is MoS2.

The compound is classified as a transition metal dichalcogenide. It is a silvery black solid that occurs as the mineral molybdenite, the principal ore for molybdenum. MoS2 is relatively unreactive. It is unaffected by dilute acids and oxygen. In appearance and feel, molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite. It is widely used as a dry lubricant because of its low friction and robustness. Bulk MoS2 is a diamagnetic, indirect bandgap semiconductor similar to silicon, with a bandgap of 1.23 eV.

Intercalation (chemistry)
Intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule (or ion) into layered materials with layered structures.  Examples are found in graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides.

Model of intercalation of potassium into graphite
Russians in Armenia
Russians in Armenia (Russian: Русские в Армении, romanized: Russkiye v Armenii, Armenian: Ռուսները Հայաստանում, romanized: Rrusnery Hayastanum)  are ethnic Russians living in Armenia, where they make up the second largest minority (after the Yazidis).  In the 2022 census, there were 14,074 Russians counted, making up about 0.5% of the whole population of Armenia.

Yazidis in Armenia
Yazidis form the second largest ethnic minority in Armenia. Yazidis settled in the territory of modern-day Armenia mainly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, fleeing religious persecution by the Ottoman Empire. While Yazidis were counted as Kurds in censuses for much of the Soviet period, they are currently recognized as a separate ethnic group in Armenia (for more on the relationship between Yazidis and Kurdish identity, see Yazidis). According to the 2022 census, around 31,079 Yazidis live in Armenia.

The Election Code of Armenia guarantees one seat in the National Assembly for a representative of the Yazidi community. Several religious Yazidi temples exist in Armenia, including the world's largest Yazidi temple Quba Mere Diwane in Aknalich, which was opened in 2020. In 2021, a Yazidi national theater was opened in Vagharshapat.
Visselhövede
Visselhövede (German pronunciation: [ˌfɪsl̩ˈhøːvədə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rotenburg in Lower Saxony, Germany. Nearby towns include the district capital Rotenburg, Walsrode and Verden. Larger cities within a 100 km radius are Bremen, Hanover and Hamburg. On 30 April 2024 Visselhövede had 10.116 inhabitants.

Visselhövede belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Visselhövede, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Rotenburg an der Wümme
Rotenburg (Wümme) (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːtn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; also Rotenburg an der Wümme; Rotenburg in Hannover until May 1969; Northern Low Saxon: Rodenborg) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Rotenburg.
Matilda Bay Brewing Company
The Matilda Bay Brewing Company is a brewery founded in Western Australia, the first new brewery opened in Australia since World War II, and Australia's first craft brewery. Originating from small batches brewed for the Sail and Anchor Hotel in 1984, their main brewery opened in 1989 in a prominent building at Stirling Highway previously occupied by Ford Motor Company. The company was purchased by Carlton & United Breweries in the early 1990s (now part of Asahi Breweries).

Wheat beer
Wheat beer is a top-fermented beer which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley. The two main varieties are German Weizenbier and Belgian witbier; other types include Lambic (made with wild yeast), Berliner Weisse (a cloudy, sour beer), and Gose (a sour, salty beer).
Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 0 to .5 ton
The 0 to 0.5 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Seven boats started during the two races in the 0 – 0.5 ton. Twelve competitors from France are documented. The races were held on 22 and 24 May 1900 on the river Seine.

Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Sailing/Yachting made its first appearance as an Olympic sport at the 1900 Summer Olympics after competitions were cancelled at the 1896 Olympics. With the exception of 1904, sailing was thereafter always a part of the Olympic program. The sailing program in 1900 consisted of a total of eight sailing classes. For six classes, the races were scheduled from 20 – 27 May at the river Seine around Meulan, and several series of three races were held for the largest classes from 1–5 August on the North Atlantic off the coast of Le Havre. Approximately 150 sailors in 64 boats (the numbers of boats and competitors are not reliable, as in the official report some figures of the World exhibition and the Olympic Games are mixed) from 6 nations competed, including 1 woman, Hélène de Pourtalès, who won a gold medal in the 1 to 2 ton.
Apostolic see
An apostolic see is an episcopal see whose foundation is attributed to one or more of the apostles of Jesus or to one of their close associates. In Catholicism, the phrase "the Apostolic See" when capitalized refers specifically to the See of Rome.

Tertullian (c. 155 − c. 240) gives examples of apostolic sees: he describes as churches "in which the very thrones of the apostles are still pre-eminent in their places, in which their own authentic writings are read, uttering the voice and representing the face of each of them severally" the following churches: Corinth, Philippi, Ephesus, and Rome.

Tertullian says that from these "all the other churches, one after another, derived the tradition of the faith, and the seeds of doctrine, and are every day deriving them, that they may become churches. Indeed, it is on this account only that they will be able to deem themselves apostolic, as being the offspring of apostolic churches".

Church of Cyprus
The Church of Cyprus (Greek: Ἐκκλησία τῆς Κύπρου, romanized: Ekklisia tis Kyprou) is one of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox churches that form part of the communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Based in Cyprus, it is one of the oldest Eastern Orthodox autocephalous churches; it claims to have always been independent, although it may have been subject to the Church of Antioch before its autocephaly was recognized in 431 at the Council of Ephesus. The bishop of the ancient capital, Salamis (renamed Constantia by Emperor Constantius II) was constituted metropolitan by Emperor Zeno, with the title archbishop.
Saint Stephen Martyr Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)
Saint Stephen Martyr Catholic Church is a Catholic parish church located at 2436 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The parish was founded on August 4, 1867, and the first church building consecrated and used for worship on December 27, 1868. This brick structure closed on July 15, 1959, and the current new building was consecrated and first used for worship on June 11, 1961. The church was a favorite of President John F. Kennedy.

Archdiocese of Washington
The Archdiocese of Washington (Latin: Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Vashingtonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church for the District of Columbia and several Maryland counties in the United States.

The Archdiocese of Washington is home to the Catholic University of America and Georgetown University. The archdiocese is also home to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. The only suffragan diocese of the archdiocese is the Diocese of Saint Thomas.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in downtown Washington. Robert McElroy was installed as the eighth Archbishop of Washington on March 11, 2025.
Excitation (magnetic)
In electromagnetism, excitation is the  process of generating a magnetic field by means of an electric current.

An electric generator or electric motor consists of a rotor spinning in a magnetic field. The magnetic field may be produced by  permanent magnets or by field coils. In the case of a machine with field coils, a current must flow in the coils to generate (excite) the field, otherwise no power is transferred to or from the rotor. Field coils yield the most flexible form of magnetic flux regulation and de-regulation, but at the expense of a flow of electric current. Hybrid topologies exist, which incorporate both permanent magnets and field coils in the same configuration. The flexible excitation of a rotating electrical machine is employed by either brushless excitation techniques or by the injection of current by carbon brushes (static excitation).

Magnetic flux
In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B over that surface.  It is usually denoted Φ or ΦB. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb; in derived units, volt–seconds or V⋅s), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils, and it calculates the magnetic flux from the change of voltage on the coils.
Orders of magnitude (numbers)
This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order of magnitude, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities, and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Shangri-La (miniseries)
Shangri-La is a four-part television documentary miniseries, directed by Morgan Neville and Jeff Malmberg, that aired on Showtime from July 12 to August 2, 2019. The series concerns the Shangri-La recording studio in Malibu, California and its owner, record producer and Def Jam Records co-founder Rick Rubin. A "work-in-progress" cut of the docuseries was screened at the 2019 SXSW Festival.

The miniseries was nominated for Best Music Film at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
National Film Award – Special Mention (non-feature film)
The National Film Award – Special Mention is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for non-feature films. The recipients of Special Mention are awarded with certificate of merit.

The award was instituted in 1978, at 26th National Film Awards and awarded annually for the short films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Charles Ying
Charles Ying is a Cantopop singer and actor from Hong Kong. After singing the theme song Do I Still Love You of the film Leaving me, Loving you , he was signed by Leon Lai of East Asia Record Production and became one of the new hotly promoted new artists in 2005.

After receiving a degree from the Rhode Island School of Design, he became a Hong Kong–based Nike, Inc. designer. According to HK01, his songs largely have to do with "bitter love", including "Do I Still Love You", "How Can I Lose My Love", "It's My Bad", "Thank You for Lonely".

Leon Lai
Leon Lai Ming SBS BBS MH (Chinese: 黎明; born 11 December 1966), is a Hong Kong actor, singer, film director, and businessman. He is one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Hong Kong pop music. He uses his Chinese name "Lai Ming" or "Li Ming", which literally means "dawn".
Bobby Hamilton Racing
Bobby Hamilton Racing-Virginia is a disbanded NASCAR racing team. It was owned by four-time Winston Cup winner and 2004 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion Bobby Hamilton until his death on January 7, 2007. Bobby Hamilton Jr. was given ownership after the death of his father, but the younger Hamilton disavowed his relationship with the company. The company was last run by Bobby Hamilton, Sr's widow, Lori Hamilton.

The company, formerly based in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee made plans to move to Martinsville, Virginia after announcing a partnership with Arrington Manufacturing in December 2007 as its new owners were based in the Virginia area, with Mac Bailey, Stacy Compton, Clay Campbell, and Joey Arrington all being Virginians.

Dana Incorporated
Dana Incorporated is an American supplier of axles, driveshafts, and electrodynamic, thermal, sealing, and digital equipment for conventional, hybrid, and electric-powered vehicles. The company's products and services are aimed at the light vehicle and commercial vehicle equipment markets. Founded in 1904 and based in Maumee, Ohio, the company employs nearly 28,000 people in 33 countries.  In 2022, Dana generated sales of $10.2 billion. The company is included in the Fortune 500.
The Pictish Trail
Johnny Lynch (born 28 September 1981) is a Scottish musician who performs under the pseudonym The Pictish Trail. After graduation from the University of St Andrews, Lynch ran Fence Records from 2003 until 2013 and has since been running Lost Map Records. Lynch has attended and played every Green Man Festival since its inception in 2003. He's also played as band member with other musicians, including James Yorkston and Malcolm Middleton. In 2010 he released an album and toured with Adem Ilhan under the name Silver Columns.

Malcolm Middleton
Malcolm Bruce Middleton
(born 31 December 1973) is a Scottish musician and member of indie band Arab Strap. He has also released seven solo studio albums and three albums performing under the pseudonym Human Don't Be Angry.
Oliver Bjorkstrand
Oliver Bjorkstrand (born 10 April 1995) is a Danish professional ice hockey player who is a right winger for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bjorkstrand was selected by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the third round, 89th overall, of the 2013 NHL entry draft. Bjorkstrand is the son of American hockey coach Todd and the brother of Patrick.

Born and raised in Herning, Bjorkstrand made his AL-Bank Ligaen debut playing with the Herning Blue Fox during the 2011–12 season. He recorded 13 goals and 13 assists for 26 points in 36 games during his rookie season to lead all 16-year-olds in the league in scoring. As a result, he was selected 26th overall by the Portland Winterhawks in the Western Hockey League (WHL) 2012 Import Draft. He spent three seasons with the Winterhawks before beginning his professional career with the Lake Erie Monsters of the American Hockey League.

2011–12 AL-Bank Ligaen season
The 2011–12 AL-Bank Ligaen season was the 55th season of ice hockey in Denmark. Nine teams participated in the league, and the Herning Blue Fox won the championship by defeating the Odense Bulldogs in the final.
Sumaira Abdulali
Sumaira Abdulali (born 22 May 1961) is an environmentalist from Mumbai, India, founder of the NGO Awaaz Foundation and convenor of the Movement against Intimidation, Threat and Revenge against Activists (MITRA). She was co-chairman of the Conservation Subcommittee and honorary secretary of Asia's oldest and largest environmental NGO, the Bombay Natural History Society, and was a Governing Council Member between 2008 and 2021.

Through legal interventions, advocacy and public campaigns, contribution to documentary films, television debates and press articles she has successfully mainstreamed and built consciousness about previously unknown environmental hazards, notably noise pollution and sand mining, and has won national and International awards for her work. She also set up the first network for protection of activists in India after an attack on her by the sand mafia is 2004.

She has been referred to as "one of India's foremost environmental activists."

Sand theft
Sand theft or unauthorised or illegal sand mining leads to a relatively unknown global example of natural and non-renewable resource depletion problem comparable in extent to global water scarcity. Beach theft is illegal removal of large quantities of sand from a beach leading to full or partial disappearance of the beach. In India, illegal sand mining is the country's largest organized criminal activity. Sand theft feeds the illegal sand trade, a black market estimated to be worth between $200B and $350B a year. Illegal removal of sand damages river and marine ecosystems.
Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane
Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane is a play written by Ray Galton and John Antrobus based on the Steptoe and Son series. It was first performed in 2005.

The title of this play was inspired by the Swedish 1982 play Albert & Herbert: Mordet på Skolgatan 15 (meaning Albert & Herbert: The Murder at Skolgatan 15) by Sten-Åke Cederhök, in which the title refers to their home in Haga, Gothenburg and their names as in the Swedish spin-off television series.

Albert & Herbert
Albert & Herbert was a Swedish comedy series that ran in 1974, 1976–79, 1981–82, an advent series, and a theatre play titled Mordet på Skolgatan 15, and had a spin-off series in 1995. Albert & Herbert, which featured father-and-son scrap dealers living together, was an adaptation of Ray Galton and Alan Simpsons's BBC series Steptoe and Son from the 1960s and 1970s.

Albert was played by Sten-Åke Cederhök, and the son Herbert was played by Tomas von Brömssen. During the first six episodes,  Herbert was played by Lennart Lundh. The characters lived in a dilapidated wooden house in Skolgatan 15, in Haga, Gothenburg.
Janus kinase inhibitor
A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, is a type of immune modulating medication, which inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2), thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in lymphocytes.

JAK inhibitors are used in the treatment of some cancers and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and various skin conditions. A Janus kinase 3 inhibitor is attractive as a possible treatment of various autoimmune diseases since its function is mainly restricted to lymphocytes. JAK inhibitors can suppress the signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are major contributors to the cause of an over active immune system, resulting in inflammation and pain. JAK inhibitors have the ability to slow down this over activity by the suppression of the intracellular signaling.

Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Te Huirangi Waikerepuru
Huirangi Eruera Waikerepuru CNZM (1 April 1929 – 8 April 2020) was a New Zealand Māori language activist and trade unionist of Taranaki and Ngāpuhi descent. He was active in the foundation and governance of Māori language radio and television.

Taranaki (iwi)
Taranaki (Tuturu) is a Māori iwi of New Zealand.

Taranaki iwi were an important part of the First and Second Taranaki Wars. At least 13 members of Taranaki died during the First Taranaki War, mostly defending Waireka on 28 March 1860, including Paora Kūkūtai (chief of the Patukai hapū) and Paratene te Kopara (chief of Ngā Māhanga a Tairi).

Wellington pan-tribal Māori radio station Te Upoko O Te Ika has been affiliated to Taranaki since 2014. It began part-time broadcasting in 1983 and full-time broadcasting in 1987, and it is New Zealand's longest-running Māori radio station.

Radio station Te Korimako O Taranaki is affiliated with Taranaki and other local iwi, including Ngāti Tama, Te Ātiawa, Ngāi Maru, Ngāruahine, Ngāti Mutunga, Ngāti Ruanui, and Ngā Rauru Kiitahi. It started at the Bell Block campus of Taranaki Polytechnic in 1992, and moved to the Spotswood campus in 1993. It is available on 94.8 FM across Taranaki.