hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Betty and George Coumbias
Betty and George Coumbias were a Canadian married couple who sought to become the first husband and wife to complete simultaneous suicides with legal authorization. They were featured in John Zaritsky's 2007 documentary, The Suicide Tourist. Although assisted suicide was illegal in Canada, they hoped to end their lives with the approval of the government of Switzerland.

The couple's request was unusual in that, while George Coumbias suffered from heart disease, Betty Coumbias was reported to be in excellent health.

Ludwig Minelli, director of Swiss assisted-suicide group Dignitas, petitioned the Canton of Zurich to grant doctors the authority to issue lethal drugs to healthy people after being counseled by his organization, hoping to facilitate the Coumbias' suicide pact.

In 2009, Betty Coumbias developed cancer and died, while George continued to live with his heart condition. He died in 2016.

Dignitas (non-profit organisation)
Dignitas is a Swiss non-profit organisation providing physician-assisted suicide, supported by independent Swiss doctors. By the end of 2020, they had assisted 3,248 people die by suicide in Switzerland. They provide advisory work on palliative care, health care advance directives, suicide attempt prevention, and legislation for right-to-die laws around the world.

Members who wish to end their life must be able to prove they are of sound mind, as determined by the organisation; be themselves able to bring about death; and submit a formal request including a letter explaining their wish to die and medical reports showing diagnosis and attempted treatment. For people with severe psychiatric illness, an in-depth medical report prepared by a psychiatrist is additionally required per a Swiss Supreme Court decision.
Alue Dohong
Alue Dohong is an Indonesian politician. He was Deputy Minister of Environment and Forestry from 2019 to 2024. Before appointed as deputy minister, he was a lecturer in University of Palangka Raya. Other than that, he also worked on Peat Land Restoration Agency. He is the first of ethnic Dayak origin that in Deputy Minister in Indonesia . Born in East Kotawaringin Regency, he got bachelor on economy in University of Palangka Raya and continuing to University of Nottingham to get Master of Science and doctor in University of Queensland.

Dayak people
The Dayak (/ˈdaɪ.ək/ ⓘ; older spelling: Dajak), Dyak, Dayuh or Dayaknese, are the Austronesian ethnic groups native of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory, and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable. The Dayak were animist (Kaharingan and Folk Hindus) in belief; however, since the 19th century there has been mass conversion to Christianity and to Islam.
Pasvikdalen
Pasvikdalen (Russian: Долина реки Паз) is a valley in Norway and Russia. The Norwegian side of the valley belongs to Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county and the Russian side is located in the Pechengsky District in Murmansk Oblast. The valley contains large areas of pine forests, and more than 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi)) of the valley is included inside the Øvre Pasvik National Park in Norway (in the southern part of the valley). The Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area is also located in the valley, outside of the park.

The valley was traditionally inhabited by Sami people. The river Pasvikelva runs through the valley (giving it the name) and the river defines part of the Norway–Russia border. The southern part of the valley is also the location of the Treriksrøysa, the point where the borders of Norway, Finland, and Russia meet.

Pechengsky District
Pechengsky District (Russian: Пе́ченгский райо́н; Finnish: Petsamo; Norwegian: Peisen; Northern Sami: Beahcán; Skolt Sami: Peäccam) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Pechengsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the oblast, on the coast of the Barents Sea (by the Rybachy Peninsula, which is a part of the district) and borders Finland in the south and southwest and Norway in the west, northwest, and north. The area of the district is 8,662.22 square kilometers (3,344.50 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Nikel. Its population was  38,920 (2010 census); 46,404 (2002 census); 59,495 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nikel accounts for 32.8% of the district's total population.
San Antonio Symphony
The San Antonio Symphony was a full-time professional symphony orchestra based in San Antonio, Texas. Its season ran from late September to early June. Sebastian Lang-Lessing, its music director from 2010 to 2020, was the last to serve in that capacity. The orchestra was a resident organization of the Tobin Center for the Performing Arts in San Antonio. In August 2022, the orchestra's musicians reformed as the San Antonio Philharmonic, a name first used in 1914, and announced a ten-concert classical-music series for the 2022–23 season to be given at First Baptist Church of San Antonio, 100 yards from Tobin Center.

Henry B. González Convention Center
The Henry B. González Convention Center (formerly San Antonio Convention Center) is the City of San Antonio's convention center located in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, along the banks of the River Walk.

The facility is a central component in the city's convention industry. The center, named for the late US congressman Henry Barbosa González, hosts more than 300 events each year with over 750,000 convention delegates attending from around the world.
Riohacha Municipality
Riohacha Municipality (Spanish pronunciation: [rjoˈatʃa]) is located on the Caribbean region of Colombia of La Guajira Department, Colombia. It extends over 3,120 km2 and has an urban part divided into 10 Communes, 14 Corregimientos and 8 Resguardos Indígenas. 7 of the indigenous regions belong to the Wayuu and one in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region shared by the Kogi, the Wiwa, and the Ijka, a subtribe of the Arhuaco people.

Riohacha is 1,121 km north of Bogotá.  The municipality is located in the southwestern part of La Guajira Department and is bordered by the municipality of Dibulla to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the northwest,  the municipality of Manaure to the north, the Municipalities of Maicao and Albania to the east, the municipalities of Hatonuevo, Barrancas, Distracción, Fonseca to the southeast and San Juan del Cesar to the south.

Albania, La Guajira
Albania (previously known as Calabacito from the Spanish meaning small calabash tree) is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of La Guajira. It is the most recently formed municipality of La Guajira along with the town of Uribia, among others, created on March 19, 2000. Albania neighbours an exclusive enclosed camp site for the Cerrejón coal mine workers and their families, named Mushaisa.
46 Long
"46 Long" is the second episode of the first season of the HBO original series The Sopranos. It was written by David Chase, directed by Dan Attias and was originally broadcast on January 17, 1999, in the United States.

Silvio Dante
Silvio Manfred Dante is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos, portrayed by Steven Van Zandt. He is the consigliere and right-hand man to Tony Soprano in the DiMeo crime family. John Magaro portrays a young Silvio Dante in the 2021 prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark.
De novo synthesis
In chemistry, de novo synthesis (from Latin 'from the new') is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules such as sugars or amino acids, as opposed to recycling after partial degradation. For example, nucleotides are not needed in the diet as they can be constructed from small precursor molecules such as formate and aspartate.  Methionine, on the other hand, is needed in the diet because while it can be degraded to and then regenerated from homocysteine, it cannot be synthesized de novo.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Swedish railway signalling
The signalling system used on the standard-gauge railway network in Sweden is based on that of the traditional mechanical semaphore signals. Currently only colour-light signals are used, together with the Ansaldo L10000 Automatic Train Control system.

City Tunnel (Malmö)
The City Tunnel (Swedish: Citytunneln) is an 11-kilometre (6.8 mi) rail link in Malmö, Sweden, running between Malmö Central Station (Malmö C) and the Öresund Bridge, of which six kilometres (3.7 mi) under Malmö city centre is in a tunnel, to increase capacity on the Skåne County network by changing Malmö C from a terminus to a through station. Including necessary connections to other railways it is 17 km (11 mi). It is a part of the Öresund Line to Copenhagen Central Station. The work was projected to cost 9.45 billion SEK. Construction began in March 2005, and the line was inaugurated by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden on 4 December 2010. Revenue service commenced on 12 December 2010.

Unlike other dual track railways in Sweden, traffic travels on the right. The tracks switch sides in Arlöv around 5 km (3.1 mi) north-east of Malmö Central Station, at a flyover constructed separately.
Ward 8 (Hamilton, Ontario)
Ward 8 is a municipal ward in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, located on Hamilton Mountain. It elects one member to Hamilton City Council.

Ward 8 is bounded on the north by the Niagara Escarpment, on the west by Garth Street, on the south by a hydroelectric corridor, and on the east by Upper Wellington Street.

The ward includes the neighbourhoods of Allison, Balfour, Bonnington, Buchanan, Centremount, Greeningdon, Gourley, Jerome, Kennedy, Kerrighan, Mewburr, Mohawk, Rolston, Ryckmans, Sheldon, Southam, and Yeoville.

Hamilton City Council (Ontario)
Hamilton City Council is the governing body of the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Since 21 November 1960, Council has met at Hamilton City Hall at 71 Main Street West.

The current council consists of the mayor plus fifteen councillors, one elected from each of the city's wards. The incumbent council was elected in a Hamilton municipal election on October 24, 2022.
Morell Bridge
The Morell Bridge is an arch bridge over the Yarra River in South Yarra, Melbourne,  Victoria, Australia. Completed in 1899 by John Monash and J. T. N. Anderson, it is notable as the first bridge in Victoria that was built using reinforced concrete.

It features decorations on the three arch spans, including large dragon motifs and ornamental Victorian lights.  The gutters on the bridge are cobbled bluestone, with a single lane bitumen strip running down the middle. The bridge is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Originally known as the Anderson Street bridge, it was named the Morell Bridge in 1936 after Sir Stephen Morell,
who was a prominent Victorian businessman and Lord Mayor of Melbourne between 1926 and 1928.

On 7 June 1998 the bridge was closed to motor vehicles as part of the CityLink project. It is currently  used by cyclist and pedestrian traffic, connecting the Royal Botanic Gardens to the Olympic Park precinct.

CityLink
CityLink is a network of tollways in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, linking the Tullamarine, West Gate and Monash Freeways and incorporating Bolte Bridge, Burnley Tunnel and other works. In 1996, Transurban was awarded the contract to augment two existing freeways and construct two new toll roads – labelled the Western and Southern Links – directly linking a number of existing freeways to provide a continuous, high-capacity road route to, and around, the central business district. CityLink uses a free-flow tolling electronic toll collection system, called e-TAG. CityLink is currently maintained by Transurban.
Margarita, Piedmont
Margarita is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Turin and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Cuneo.

Margarita borders the following municipalities: Beinette, Chiusa di Pesio, Mondovì, Morozzo, and Pianfei.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Religious Chronicle
The Religious Chronicle is an ancient Mesopotamian register of portents such as the straying of wild animals into urban areas and extraordinary natural phenomena which presaged the disruptions which interfered with the Akītu or new year festival and the performance of its regular cultic activities which included the transport of the idols of the gods to the city of Babylon during the tumultuous years of chaos caused by the incursions of Aramean nomads.

Akitu
Akitu or Akitum 
(Sumerian: 𒀉𒆠𒋾, romanized: a-ki-ti)
(Akkadian: 𒀉𒆠𒌈, romanized: akītu(m))
is a spring festival and New Year's celebration, held on the first day of the  Assyrian and Babylonian Nisan in ancient Mesopotamia and in Assyrian communities around the world, to celebrate the sowing of barley. Akitu originates from the Sumerian spring New Year festival of Zagmuk.
Bing sutt
Bing sutt (Chinese: 冰室; Jyutping: bing1 sat1; lit. 'ice room') is a type of traditional cold-drink house which originated in Guangzhou, China, and spread to neighbouring Hong Kong in the 1950s and '60s. They are characterised by their colonial décor in the form of old furniture, small tiled floors, hanging fans, and folding chairs. Bing sutts provide light meals and drinks, and play the role of neighbourhood hubs. They are believed to be the predecessor of the cha chaan teng.

The initial concept of the Hong Kong bing sutt was to imitate a high-end western restaurant offering cheap western-style light meals to cater to the needs of the working class.

French toast
French toast is a dish of sliced bread soaked in beaten eggs and often milk or cream, then pan-fried. Alternative names and variants include eggy bread, Bombay toast, gypsy toast, and poor knights (of Windsor).

When French toast is served as a sweet dish, sugar, vanilla, and cinnamon are also commonly added before pan-frying, and then it may be topped with sugar (often powdered sugar), butter, fruit, or syrup. When it is a savoury dish, it is generally fried with a pinch of salt or pepper, and it can then be served with a sauce such as ketchup or mayonnaise.
Digervarden
Digervarden is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,780-metre (5,840 ft) tall mountain lies inside Reinheimen National Park, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of the village of Lesjaskog. The mountain Mehøi lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast and the mountain Grønhøe lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest.

Lesjaskog
Lesjaskog is a village in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the west end of the lake Lesjaskogsvatnet about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of the village of Lesjaverk and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Bjorli. The European route E136 highway and the Raumabanen railway line both run through the village. Lesjaskog Church is located in the village.

The lake Lesjaskogsvatnet has outlets at both ends. A dam that was constructed by the Lesja Iron Works at the nearby village of Lesjaverk in the 1660s in order to improve transportation caused the water which normally drained only to the Rauma River to also flow eastwards into the Gudbrandsdalslågen river to the east.

During the Second World War during the Namsos Campaign the British No. 263 Squadron RAF operated with 18 Gloster Gladiator biplane fighters from the frozen surface of Lake Lesjaskogsvatnet at Lesjaskog.
Omroep Zwart
Omroep Zwart (Dutch: [ˈɔmrup sʋɑrt], lit. 'Broadcaster Black'), also known simply as Zwart (stylised in all caps), is a Dutch broadcasting association that is part of the Dutch public broadcasting system since 1 January 2022. The initiators are rapper Akwasi Ansah and film director Gianni Lieuw-A-Soe. The goal of the broadcaster is to create inclusive programs with new people, including those with different skin colors, preferences, origins, sexual orientations, backgrounds, or disabilities. The broadcaster collaborates with BNNVARA.

NPO 3
NPO 3 (known as Nederland 3 [ˌneːdərlɑn ˈdri] until 2014) is the third and youngest of the terrestrial television channels operated by the Dutch public-broadcasting organization NPO in the Netherlands. It carries programmes provided by member-based non-profit broadcasting associations and is oriented towards children, youth, and innovative television. The channel is also available on cable companies in its overseas dependencies in the Caribbean, either live or time-shifted.
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2019
The 25th Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2019 were announced on December 16, 2019.

These awards "recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film" are presented annually by the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA), based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas. The association, founded in and presenting awards since 1990, includes 30 film critics for print, radio, television, and internet publications based in North Texas. It is also committed to ensuring that their membership represents a broad range of voices, ideas and perspectives from across cultural, gender and ideological spectra.

1917 and Marriage Story were the DFWFCA's most awarded film of 2019, taking four top honors each.

Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
The Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA) is an organization of over 20 print, radio/TV and internet journalists from Dallas–Fort Worth-based publications. In December of each year, the DFWFCA meets to vote on their Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards for films released in the same calendar year.

In December 2006, the Miami Herald described the association as "one of the most reliable bellwethers of the Academy Award for Best Picture."
George W. Riddell
George W. Riddell was a Pinkerton labor spy who infiltrated the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Telluride, and later became president of the Eureka miners union in Utah. Riddell was forced to resign when Morris Friedman published the book The Pinkerton Labor Spy in 1907.

Riddell was covertly identified as agent No. 36 in the Pinkerton Agency, which charged $7,000 to the Telluride Mine Owners' Association for his services over a period of two years. He was tasked with discovering an "Inner Circle" of conspirators in the WFM union, but he found no trace of any such group. The Inner Circle theory had been promoted by James McParland, the head of Pinkerton's Denver division. Alleged evidence for the existence of a group of conspirators were the actual murder of Arthur L. Collins, and the alleged murder of mine guard William J. Barney.

James McParland
James McParland (né McParlan; 22 March 1844 – 18 May 1919) was an Irish-American private detective and Pinkerton agent.

McParland arrived in New York in 1867. He worked as a laborer, policeman and then in Chicago as a liquor store owner until the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed his business. He then became a private detective and labor spy, noted for his success against coal mining labor organizations in Pennsylvania.
Will Bordill
William James Bordill (born 24 July 1993 in Sandbach) is a Scottish rugby union player who plays for the Ayr RFC at the loose forward position. He formerly played for Glasgow Warriors.
Bordill played for Glasgow Warriors from 2013 to 2016. When not involved with the Warriors, he played for Ayr RFC.

He has represented Scotland at various age grades and at Club XV.

In 2016, he was released by the Warriors and now solely plays for Ayr.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
Annibaldo Caetani
Annibaldo Caetani di Ceccano (c. 1282 – 1350) was an Italian Cardinal. His palace, the Livrée Ceccano at Avignon, begun in about 1335/1340, still survives; it is now a public library.

He was Archbishop of Naples from 1326 to 1328 and undertook diplomatic missions, for example setting up the 1343 truce between England and France. He was Bishop of Frascati from 1332 to 1350. He was archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica (1342-1350), as well as Archdeacon of Cornwall from  1342 to 1344, and Archdeacon of Nottingham from 1331 to 1348.

He is celebrated for the luxury of a feast he gave in 1343 for Pope Clement VI, an eye-witness account of which has survived.

Archdeacon of Nottingham
The Archdeacon of Nottingham is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham, who exercises supervision of clergy and has responsibility for church buildings within the Archdeaconry of Nottingham.
James P. Riseley
James Profit Riseley (May 7, 1898 – March 2, 1992) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps, who reached the rank of lieutenant general. He is most noted as commanding officer of the 6th Marine Regiment during World War II. He later commanded 3rd Marine Division or Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune.

Battle of Tarawa
1°25′37″N 172°58′32″E﻿ / ﻿1.42694°N 172.97556°E﻿ / 1.42694; 172.97556

The Battle of Tarawa was fought on 20–23 November 1943 between the United States and Japan on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts. Nearly 6,400 Japanese, Koreans, and Americans died during the battle, mostly on and around the small island of Betio, in the extreme southwest of Tarawa Atoll. At the time, Betio was only 118 hectares (290 acres).

The Battle of Tarawa was the first American offensive in the critical Central Pacific region. It was also the first time in the Pacific War that the United States faced serious Japanese opposition to an amphibious landing. Previous landings had met little to no initial resistance, but on Tarawa the 4,500 Japanese defenders were well supplied and well prepared, and they fought almost to the last man, exacting a heavy toll on the United States Marine Corps.