hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
API testing
API testing is a type of software testing that involves testing application programming interfaces (APIs) directly and as part of integration testing to determine if they meet expectations for functionality, reliability, performance, and security. Since APIs lack a GUI, API testing is performed at the message layer. API testing is now considered critical for automating testing because APIs serve as the primary interface to application logic and because GUI tests are difficult to maintain with the short release cycles and frequent changes commonly used with Agile software development and DevOps.

Service virtualization
In software engineering, service virtualization or service virtualisation is a method to emulate the behavior of specific components in heterogeneous component-based applications such as API-driven applications, cloud-based applications and service-oriented architectures.
It is used to provide software development and QA/testing teams access to dependent system components that are needed to exercise an application under test (AUT), but are unavailable or difficult-to-access for development and testing purposes. With the behavior of the dependent components "virtualized", testing and development can proceed without accessing the actual live components.
Service virtualization is recognized by vendors, industry analysts, and industry publications as being different than mocking. See here for a Comparison of API simulation tools.
Lorna Vinden
Lorna Vinden Anderson (1931 – June 9, 2008), born Lorna Margaret Skidmore, was a Canadian wheelchair athlete, competing in pentathlon, track and field, archery, and swimming events at the 1967 and 1969 Wheelchair Pan American Games, and the 1968 Paralympics in Tel Aviv.

1968 Summer Paralympics
The 1968 Summer Paralympics (Hebrew: המשחקים הפאראלימפיים בקיץ 1968) were the third Paralympic Games to be held. Organised under the guidance of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), they were known as the 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games at the time. The games were originally planned to be held alongside the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, but in 1966, the Mexican government decided against it due to difficulties. The Israeli government offered to host the games in Tel Aviv, a suggestion that was accepted.

The opening ceremony took place in the Hebrew University stadium at the Givat Ram campus in Jerusalem and the games took place in Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv District, at the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled. The closing ceremony took place in the Tel Aviv Trade Center. Therefore, these games were the first in Paralympic history to not be held concurrently with the Olympic Games.
Tegchö Dzö
Tegchö Dzö (Wylie: theg mchog mdzod) "Treasury of the Sublime Vehicle'" is one of the Seven Treasuries, a collection of seven works, some with auto-commentaries, by the Tibetan Buddhist philosopher and exegete Longchenpa.  The Tegchö Dzö is a commentary on the Seventeen Tantras of the Menngagde division of Atiyoga.

Menngagde
In Tibetan Buddhism and Bon, Menngagde (Tibetan: མན་ངག་སྡེ་, Wylie: man ngag sde, THL: men-ngak-dé, Sanskrit: upadeśavarga), is the name of one of three scriptural and lineage divisions within Dzogchen (Great Perfection atiyōga).

Dzogchen is itself the pinnacle of the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Menngagde focuses on rigpa. The Menngagde or 'Instruction Class' of Dzogchen teachings are divided into two parts: trekchö and tögel.

The practice is that of Cutting through Solidity (khregs chod), which is related to primordial purity (ka dag); and Direct Vision of Reality (thod rgal), which is related to spontaneous presence (Ihun grub).
2003 Beach Soccer World Championships
The 2003 Beach Soccer World Championships was the ninth edition of the Beach Soccer World Championships, the most prestigious competition in international beach soccer contested by men's national teams until 2005, when the competition was then replaced by the second iteration of a world cup in beach soccer, the better known FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. It was organized by Brazilian sports agency Koch Tavares in cooperation with and under the supervision of Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW), the sports governing body.

For the first time since 2000, the tournament returned to its native venue at Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main sponsor was McDonald's.

The tournament saw Brazil win their eighth title by beating first time finalists Spain.

Beach Soccer World Championships
The Beach Soccer World Championships was the premier international beach soccer competition contested by men's national teams between 1995 and 2004. It was replaced by the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

The tournament took place annually in Brazil under the supervision of Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW) and its predecessors, crowning the world champions of the sport. Due to the sport's rapid growth, FIFA took an interest in it, and as the main tournament in world beach soccer, it joined hands with BSWW in 2005 to take over the organization of the competition, re-branding it as an official FIFA tournament.

Brazil were the most successful team, winning nine of the ten tournaments.
Mossoviet
The Moscow City Council (Russian: Московский городской совет), in short Mossoviet (Russian: Моссовет), an abbreviation of Moscow Soviet (Russian: Московский Совет, romanized: Moskovskiy Sovet), was established following the February Revolution 8–16 March 1917 [O.S. 23 Feb. – 3 Mar.]. Initially it was a parallel, shadow city administration of Moscow, Russia run by left-wing parties. Following the October Revolution it became the city administration of Moscow throughout the Soviet period (1918–1991).

Government of Moscow
The Government of Moscow (Russian: Правительство Москвы, pronounced [prɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvə mɐskˈvɨ]) is the highest executive body of state authority of Moscow. The Government of Moscow is headed by the highest official of the city of Moscow, i.e. the Mayor of Moscow.

The members of the Government of Moscow are the Mayor of Moscow, the Deputy Mayors of Moscow, and the Moscow Government ministers. The Government of Moscow issues orders that are signed by the Mayor of Moscow. The Government of Moscow has legal personality. The structure and functioning of the Government of Moscow are established by the law of Moscow, adopted by Moscow City Duma.

According to the Constitution of Russia, Moscow is a federal subject of Russia, known as a city of federal importance.
BRM Aero Bristell
The BRM Aero Bristell NG 5, now called the Bristell Classic, is a Czech low-wing, two-seat in side-by-side configuration, single engine in tractor configuration, ultralight and light-sport aircraft that was designed by Milan Bristela and is produced by BRM Aero. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft.

The aircraft was introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen 2011 show, where the retractable gear version was shown.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Romania men's national under-20 basketball team
The Romania men's national under-20 basketball team is a national basketball team of Romania, administered by the Romanian Basketball Federation. It represents the country in international under-20 men's basketball competitions.

Romanian Basketball Federation
The Romanian Basketball Federation (FRB) (Romanian: Federația Română de Baschet) is the governing body of basketball in Romania. It was founded in 1931, and they became members of FIBA in 1932 as co-founders.

The Romanian Basketball Federation operates the Romanian men's national team and Romanian women's national team. They organize national competitions in Romania, for both the men's and women's senior teams and also the youth national basketball teams.

The top professional league in Romania is Liga Națională.
2016–17 UEFA Futsal Cup
The 2016–17 UEFA Futsal Cup was the 31st edition of Europe's premier club futsal tournament. This was the 16th edition under the current UEFA Futsal Cup format organized by UEFA.

In the final, Inter FS defeated Sporting CP to win their fourth title. Kairat Almaty defeated Ugra Yugorsk, who were the defending champions, to finish third.

UEFA Futsal Champions League
The UEFA Futsal Champions League is an annual futsal competition for European club teams organized by UEFA. It was founded as the UEFA Futsal Cup in 2001 and replaced the Futsal European Clubs Championship, an unofficial competition held since 1984. The final of the first edition was played in a single game in Lisbon, while the following four editions were decided over two legs. Since 2006–07, the winner is decided through a final four tournament.

In 2018, the tournament was rebranded as UEFA Futsal Champions League.
Scottish Airlines
Scottish Airlines (Prestwick) Limited was formed in 1946 as a subsidiary of Scottish Aviation Limited. The airline commenced worldwide passenger and cargo charter flights from bases at Prestwick and Stansted. It also participated in the Berlin Airlift, became a trooping carrier for the British Armed Forces, and began contract flights on behalf of Air France, British European Airways (BEA), Compagnie Belge des Transports Aériens, Iceland Airways and KLM.

Scottish Airlines also operated scheduled services in its own right between Prestwick Airport in Scotland and Ronaldsway Airport on the Isle of Man. Scottish Airlines ceased operations in 1960. Its aircraft and routes were taken over by Dan-Air in 1961.

Port and starboard
Port and starboard are nautical terms for watercraft and spacecraft, referring respectively to the left and right sides of the vessel, when aboard and facing the bow (front).

Vessels with bilateral symmetry have left and right halves which are mirror images of each other. One asymmetric feature is where access to a boat, ship, or aircraft is at the side; it is usually only on the port side (hence the name).
Charles Watters (politician)
Charles Watters (November 26, 1818 – August 7, 1891) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Victoria County from 1856 to 1861 and the city of St. John from 1861 to 1865.

He was born and was educated in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of Thomas Watters and Eleanor Toole, both immigrants from Ireland. He studied law with William Johnston Ritchie and was called to the bar in 1847. He served as a member of the Executive Council and was solicitor general from 1857 to 1863. In 1862, he married Malvina Priestly. Watters was named a county court judge in 1867 and judge in the vice admiralty court in 1876.

William Johnstone Ritchie
Sir William Johnstone Ritchie (October 28, 1813 – September 25, 1892) was a Canadian judge who was the second Chief Justice of Canada from 1879 to 1892. He was one of the first judges appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, and the second-longest serving chief justice of the court after Beverley McLachlin.

The Supreme Court under Ritchie continued to face many of the same criticisms as its predecessor, the Richards Court, including the concerns about the conduct of its justices, the excessive length and lack of clarity in its decisions, and significant delays in the publication of those decisions.
Rhodes Tower
The James A. Rhodes Tower, originally known as University Tower, is a 21-story high-rise building on the campus of Cleveland State University in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. With a height of 363 feet (111 m), it is the fourth-tallest educational-purposed building in the United States, behind the Cathedral of Learning, Vertical Campus at Roosevelt University in Chicago, and 25 Park Place in Atlanta which is now owned by Georgia State University. It houses the university's main library on the first eight floors and administration offices for many of the university's academic departments on the upper level floors.  It previously held classrooms on the first two floors.  It is the tallest structure on the Cleveland State campus, followed by Fenn Tower, and the tallest academic building in Ohio.  The tower was named after former Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes who is responsible for signing the legislation that created Cleveland State University on December 18, 1964.

25 Park Place
25 Park Place, formerly the Trust Company of Georgia Building and later the SunTrust Bank Building is a 115 m (377 ft) 28-story skyscraper owned by Georgia  State University in Downtown Atlanta. Built across from Woodruff Park, construction was finished in 1971 as the headquarters for Trust Company of Georgia, which was bought by SunTrust in 1985. It was acquired by Georgia State University in 2007, and houses many departments in the College of Arts and Sciences. The building resembles a similar facade to that of the Landmark Building in Greenville, South Carolina.
Height function
A height function is a function that quantifies the complexity of mathematical objects. In Diophantine geometry, height functions quantify the size of solutions to Diophantine equations and are typically functions from a set of points on algebraic varieties (or a set of algebraic varieties) to the real numbers.

For instance, the classical or naive height over the rational numbers is typically defined to be the maximum of the numerators and denominators of the coordinates (e.g. 7 for the coordinates (3/7, 1/2)), but in a logarithmic scale.

André Néron
André Néron (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe neʁɔ̃]; November 30, 1922, La Clayette, France – April 6, 1985, Paris, France) was a French mathematician at the Université de Poitiers who worked on elliptic curves and abelian varieties. He discovered the Néron minimal model of an elliptic curve or abelian variety, the Néron differential, the Néron–Severi group, the Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion, the local height and Néron–Tate height of rational points on an abelian variety over a discrete valuation ring or Dedekind domain, and classified the possible fibers of an elliptic fibration.
Empordà Challenge
The Empordà Challenge was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour held at Empordà Golf on the Costa Brava near Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

In 2021, together with Challenge Costa Brava, also hosted at Empordà Golf, the tournament served as a replacement for the China Swing with Hainan Open and Foshan Open, which was cancelled.

In the inaugural tournament Jonathan Thomson took the early clubhouse lead, after posting a final round of 62 (−9). Jesper Svensson joined Brun at −18, but a bogey-bogey finish sent him to −16, and gave the victory to Julien Brun who held his nerve and finished −18, a stroke ahead of Thomson.

Foshan Open
The Foshan Open is a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour. It was played for the first time in October 2013 at the Foshan Golf Club in Foshan, China. It is co-sanctioned by the China Golf Association. Since 2017, it has been part of the China Tour.

Nacho Elvira of Spain won the inaugural event.
Rangeworthy
Rangeworthy is a semi-rural farming village in South Gloucestershire, England, nearby communities include Falfield  and Charfield. The village population taken at the 2011 census was 675.

The village lies between Iron Acton and Bagstone, along the B4058 road. It is a long village divided by a road with a well used village hall, pub, hotel, Indian restaurant, recreation ground, primary school and church. A village committee organises village events including the children's Christmas party, Summer Fete and Beer Festival. There are other organisations such as the Court Players, Women's Institute, a Youth Club, Toddlers group and Parish magazine.

Several good public footpaths give access to the countryside & there are bridle paths for horse riders & cyclists.

Rangeworthy was historically a chapelry in the ancient parish of Thornbury, a detached part of that parish.  It became a separate civil parish in 1866. The organist Charles Harford Lloyd served there in his youth.

Charfield
Charfield is a village and civil parish in South Gloucestershire, England, south-west of Wotton-under-Edge near the Little Avon River and the villages of Falfield and Cromhall. The parish includes the hamlet of Churchend.
Jeff Kottkamp
Jeffrey Dean Kottkamp (born November 12, 1960) is an American politician and attorney from the state of Florida. He served as the state's 17th Lieutenant Governor from 2007 until 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Kottkamp previously served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2006

He was selected by Republican gubernatorial nominee Charlie Crist to serve as his running mate in the 2006 election. As Lieutenant Governor, he served as chairman of the Board of Space Florida, Florida's Children and Youth Cabinet, and the Florida Sports Foundation. He also had oversight responsibility in the offices of Drug Control, Adoption and Child Protection, the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, as well as the Governor's Film and Entertainment Office.

In 2010, Kottkamp ran for the position of Florida Attorney General after Crist chose to forgo a 2010 reelection bid in favor of running for Senate.

Lieutenant Governor of Florida
The lieutenant governor of Florida is a statewide constitutional office in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the second highest-ranking official in the state government. The lieutenant governor is elected on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term.

Official duties dictated to the lieutenant governor under the present Florida Constitution are to serve as the acting governor in the absence of the governor from the state or the disability of the governor, or to become governor in the event of the governor's death, resignation or removal from office via impeachment.

Three lieutenant governors went on to serve as Governor of Florida: Marcellus Stearns, Wayne Mixson, and Buddy MacKay.

The office has been held by Jay Collins since his appointment by Governor Ron DeSantis on August 12, 2025, following predecessor Jeanette Nuñez's resignation to become interim president of Florida International University.
2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada
The 2010 House elections in Nevada occurred on November 2, 2010, to elect the members of the State of Nevada's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; the elected served in the 112th Congress from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. Nevada has three seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census.

These elections were held concurrently with other Nevada elections, including the U.S. Senate, gubernatorial, and various other state and local elections.

2010 Nevada elections
Elections were held in Nevada on November 2, 2010. On that date, the state held elections for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Controller, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Nevada Senate, Nevada Assembly, and various others. In addition, several measures were on the ballot. Primary elections took place on June 8, 2010.
Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)
Kenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (10 May 1926 – 20 August 2024) was an English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School.

Felsted School
Felsted School is a co-educational independent boarding and day school, situated in Felsted in Essex, England. It is in the British public school tradition, and was founded in 1564 by Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich. Felsted is one of the 12 founder members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and a full member of the Round Square Conference of world schools. 
Felsted School is featured in the Good Schools Guide and is regularly featured in Tatler's Schools Guide. Felsted School was shortlisted for 'Boarding School of the Year' 2020 by the Times Education Supplement (TES).

Felsted is notable for having educated a British head of state, Richard Cromwell, who was Lord Protector from 1658 to 1659. The current buildings date from the 1850s and were largely designed by Frederic Chancellor.
2022 Udmurt head election
The 2022 Udmurt Republic head election took place on 9–11 September 2022, on common election day, coinciding with elections to the State Council of Udmurtia. Incumbent Head Aleksandr Brechalov was re-elected to a second term.

State Council of the Udmurt Republic
The State Council of the Udmurt Republic (Russian: Государственный Совет Удмуртской Республики; Udmurt: Удмурт Элькунлэн Кун Кенешез) is the regional parliament of Udmurtia, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 60 deputies are elected for five-year terms.

It succeeded the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Republic in 1994. Initially 100 deputies were elected to the State Council. This number was later reduced to 90, and then to 60.

The presiding officer is the Chairman of the State Council of Udmurtia.
HiPhi
HiPhi is an electric vehicle brand owned by EV Electra and Human Horizons. The company was founded by Ding Lei and is headquartered in Shanghai. Its first vehicle, HiPhi X, was released on 31 July 2019.

In February 2024, the company halted production indefinitely;. In May 2025 controversial Lebanese enterprise EV Electra claimed it provided essential investment to restart the production.

SAIC-GM
SAIC General Motors Corporation Limited (commonly known as SAIC-GM; Chinese: 上汽通用汽车) is a joint venture between General Motors Company and SAIC Motor. The company was founded in 1997 as Shanghai General Motors Company Ltd or Shanghai GM (Chinese: 上海通用汽车). Headquartered in Shanghai, the company manufactures and sells Chevrolet, Buick, and Cadillac brand automobiles in mainland China, and exports its cars to several overseas markets.
Acousto-electric effect
Acousto-electric effect is a nonlinear phenomenon of generation of electric current in a piezo-electric semiconductor by a propagating acoustic wave. The generated electric current is proportional to the intensity of the acoustic wave and to the value of its electron-induced attenuation. The effect was theoretically predicted in 1953 by Parmenter. Its first experimental observation was reported in 1957 by Weinreich and White.

Sound intensity
Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area, also called the sound power density and the sound energy flux density. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.

Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone.

Sound intensity level is a logarithmic expression of sound intensity relative to a reference intensity.
Devi Prakash Bhattachan
Devi Prakash Bhattachan is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) Party. He is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election he was elected as a proportional representative from the indigenous people category.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.