hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tunica vasculosa testis
The tunica vasculosa testis (vascular layer of testis) is the inner-most of the three layers that form the capsule of the testis. It consists of a vascular plexus and loose connective tissue. It extends into the testis itself to line the surfaces of individual septa of testis.

Testicle
A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad.  Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone.

The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and by testosterone produced within the gonads.
19th United States Congress
The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.

United States Senate Committee on Claims
The United States Senate Committee on Claims was among the first standing committees established in the Senate.  It dealt generally with issues related to private bills and petitions.  After reforms in the 1880s that created judicial and administrative remedies for petitioners, it declined in importance, and were abolished in 1946. The United States House of Representatives also had a Committee on Claims until 1946, when both the Senate and House duties were absorbed by the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.
Jurjevica
Jurjevica (pronounced [ˈjuːɾjɛʋitsa]; German: Jurjowitz) is a village west of the town of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlet of Pajničev Mlin (German: Pajnitz'sche Mühlen).

The local church, built northeast of the village, is dedicated to the Holy Cross and belongs to the Parish of Ribnica. It dates to the 17th century. A series of fourteen roadside chapel-shrines with the Stations of the Cross lead to the church along the road from the neighbouring village of Breže.

Ribnica, Ribnica
Ribnica (pronounced [ˈɾíːbnitsa] ⓘ; German: Reifnitz) is a town in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Kyiv Mountains
Kyiv Mountains or Kyiv Hills (Ukrainian: Київські гори, Київські пагорби, romanized: Kyivski hory, Kyivski pahorby) is a term used in journalism and literature for hills and highlands around the city of Kyiv that range from approximately 150 to almost 200 meters. The city of Kyiv is located within borders of three orographic regions: Dnieper Upland (Cisdnieper Upland) and Polesian and Dnieper lowlands. The hills are located in northern part of the Kyiv plateau where the Dnieper Upland slopes down towards the Dnieper river valley and the Kyiv Polesia. The highest marks recorded in central and southwestern parts of the city (within the Dnieper Upland, particularly the Kyiv plateau).

Hilly landscape is the reason for the unusual depths and two-fold escalators of underground Kyiv Metro (subway) stations in the city center (with the deepest one, Arsenalna, measuring 105.5 metres).

Polesian Lowland
The Polesian Lowland is a lowland in the southwestern portion of the East European Plain in the drainage basins of several rivers including the Dnieper, Pripyat and Desna. It stretches along the Belarus–Ukraine border. It basically defines the historical region of  Polesia.

It is politically split into the Belarusian Polesia in the south of Belarus, Ukrainian Polissya in the north of Ukraine (where Волинське, Рівненське, Житомирське, Київське Полісся are distinguished), the eastern part of the lowland extends into Bryansk Oblast in the Russian Federation, and the western part extends into Poland.
Pyrenaria buisanensis
Pyrenaria buisanensis (common name: Wuwei camellia) is a species of tea endemic to Taiwan. It was first described by the Japanese botanist Shun-ichi Sasaki in 1931, but the herbarium specimens were lost and the species identity remained dubious until a 2004 publication that reported its rediscovery and reclassified it as a species of Pyrenaria. Its status remains controversial, with some sources including it in Pyrenaria microcarpa as P. microcarpa var. ovalifolia.

Pyrenaria
Pyrenaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. It includes 27 species native to tropical Asia, ranging from the eastern Indian subcontinent to Indochina, western Malesia, southern China, and Taiwan.
Żaby, Łódź Voivodeship
Żaby [ˈʐabɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobryszyce, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Dobryszyce, 13 km (8 mi) north of Radomsko, and 68 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Dobryszyce
Dobryszyce [dɔbrɨˈʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dobryszyce. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Radomsko and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Old Central Grammar School
The Old Central Grammar School (also known as the Haines City Middle School Annex or Fellowship Dining-Ridge) is a historic school in Haines City, Florida. Built in 1925, it was designed by architect Edward Columbus Hosford in the Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Revival style.

On March 17, 1994, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. After being used for several years as a community theatre, the building is now part of Daniel Jenkins Academy of Technology, a middle school in the Polk County Public Schools district.

Edward Columbus Hosford
Edward Columbus Hosford, also known as Edward C. Hosford and E. C.  Hosford, (April 24, 1883 – January 2, 1939) was an American architect noted for the  courthouses and other buildings that he  designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas.
Bindaios
Bindaios, also Binda, was a town of ancient Pisidia inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times. Under the name Binda, it became the seat of a bishop.

Its site is located near Küçük Gökceli (formerly Findos, in Isparta District) in Asiatic Turkey.

Isparta District
Isparta District (also: Merkez, meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of the Isparta Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Isparta. Its area is 773 km2, and its population is 268,595 (2022).
Wishram village
Wishram Village, referred to as nixlúidix by its residents, was a summer and winter village on the Columbia River, Washington, United States occupied by Upper Chinook people. It is considered the largest prehistoric Chinook village site. The site is now part of Columbia Hills State Park.

Columbia Hills State Park
Columbia Hills Historical State Park is a Washington public recreation area located 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Dallesport on SR 14 in Klickitat County. The state park occupies 3,338 acres (1,351 ha) on Horsethief Lake, an impoundment of the Columbia River. It was created in 2003 with the merger of Horsethief Lake State Park and Dalles Mountain Ranch.
Quickness
Quickness (also known as With the Quickness) is the fourth full-length studio album by American rock band Bad Brains. At the time of its release, it was the best selling Bad Brains album and also featured an MTV video for the lead-off track "Soul Craft" directed by Paul Rachman who later went on to produce and direct the feature documentary American Hardcore. Drummer Earl Hudson, though pictured on the cover, does not play on the record, as drum parts were instead performed by Mackie Jayson of the Cro-Mags. In an interview with MTV, guitarist Dr. Know said that the album's title comes from urgency and swiftness.

H.R. (musician)
Paul D. Hudson (born February 11, 1956), known professionally as H.R. (Human Rights), is an American musician who leads the hardcore punk band Bad Brains, and is an instrumental figure in the development of the genre. His vocal delivery has been described as diverse, ranging from a rapid-fire nasal whine, to feral growling and screeches, to smooth near-crooning or staccato reggae rhymes. He has departed the band periodically to pursue solo efforts that are more inspired by reggae than Bad Brains' punk sound. He is the older brother of Bad Brains' drummer Earl Hudson.
Qatar Masters
The Qatar Masters is a European Tour golf tournament held at Doha Golf Club in Doha, Qatar. When founded in 1998, it was one of two European Tour events to be staged in the Arabian Peninsula, but was at one point, one of six. From 2005 to 2007 the tournament was co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour.

The tournament had modest fields in its early years, but with the aid of "promotional" money paid to top golfers to appear, and being scheduled within a three-week period that included events in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, it developed to have one of the European Tour's strongest fields.

In 2018, due to travel restrictions between the United Arab Emirates and Qatar as a result of the ongoing diplomatic dispute in the Arab World, it was moved to later in the year, and is no longer held at the same time as the Abu Dhabi and Dubai events. The date change coincided with a reduction in prize money, and resulted in a lower field strength than previous editions.

Abu Dhabi Golf Championship
The Abu Dhabi HSBC Championship is a European Tour golf tournament held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. When founded in 2006, it was one of three European Tour events to be staged in the Arabian Peninsula, but at one point was one of six.
United Left Front (Nepal, 1990)
The United Left Front (Nepali: संयुक्त वाम मोर्चा, romanized: sanyukt vaam morcha) was an alliance of communist parties that opposed the autocratic regime in Nepal. It was formed in 1990 and conducted joint movement with the Nepali Congress. The uprising, called Jana Andolan (People's Movement), brought to an end of monarchic dictatorship and led the way for multiparty elections. The constituents of the United Left Front were:

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Nepal Workers and Peasants Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)

Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar)

Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)

The leader of the United Left Front was Sahana Pradhan of the CPN (Marxist). Following the abolition of democratic rule in 2002, five minor left parties mobilized a United Left Front (Nepal) (2002). After four of them merged into two parties in 2005, the organisation consisted of three parties.

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1991–2005)
The Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) was a Nepalese political party. It was formed on 1 November 1991 by a group of former leaders of the original Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) that had been expelled from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). Initially, it was known as the Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949) but took the name Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) after approximately one year of existence. Prabhunaryan Chaudhary was the chairman of the party.
Audio tour
An audio tour or audio guide provides a recorded spoken commentary, normally through a handheld device, to a visitor attraction such as a museum. They are also available for self-guided tours of outdoor locations, or as a part of an organised tour. It provides background, context, and information on the things being viewed. Audio guides are often in multilingual versions and can be made available in different ways. Some of the more elaborate tours may include original music and interviews. They are traditionally rented on the spot, more recently downloaded from the Internet, or available via the mobile phone network. Some audio guides are free or included in the entrance fee, others have to be purchased separately.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
Harun Kamil
Harun Kamil, SH., is a lawyer, law expert, notary and politician Indonesia. He believed the Constitution served as Chairman of the Forum, which was founded by several prominent members of the legal and political scene in Indonesia. Declaration of the forum in July 2005 and was attended by former Assembly Speaker Amien Rais and Hidayat Nur Wahid, former chairman of the Constitutional Court Jimly Asshiddiqie, and legal practitioners Todung Mulya Lubis. Previously, Aaron Kamin was a member of the People's Consultative Assembly group representatives.

Hidayat Nur Wahid
Hidayat Nur Wahid (born 8 April 1960 in Klaten, Central Java) is an Indonesian politician who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2004. He was the Speaker of Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat/MPR) for the 2004–2009 period. He resigned as the leader of Prosperous Justice Party (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera/PKS) on 11 October 2004. Hidayat was mentioned in the media as a possible running mate for Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the 2009 Indonesian presidential election.
Pelgulinn
Pelgulinn (Estonian for 'refuge/hiding town') is a subdistrict (asum) of Põhja-Tallinn (North Tallinn) in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It is located about 2 km (1 mi) northwest of the city centre. Pelgulinn borders Kalamaja to the east, Kelmiküla to the southeast, Lilleküla to the south, Merimetsa to the west, Pelguranna to the northwest, and Karjamaa to the north. The subdistrict has a population of 15,949 (as of 1 January 2015).

In the 18th century, the area was largely covered by meadows and forests. It was used by criminals and outlaws as a hiding place, hence the name Pelgulinn, which refers to a hiding place. Pelgulinn started as a slum inhabited by the workers of Tallinn–Saint Petersburg railway at the end of the 19th century.

Lilleküla
Lilleküla (lit. 'Flower Village') is a subdistrict of the district of Kristiine in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It has a population of 24,939 (As of 1 January 2015).

On the eastern side of Lilleküla there's a train station "Lilleküla" on the Elron's western route.

One of the largest shopping centres in Estonia, Kristiine Centre, is located in Lilleküla.
Schenley High School
Schenley High School, located in the North Oakland neighborhood at the edge of the Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a historic building opened in 1916 that was a part of the Pittsburgh Public Schools. The Schenley High School building was closed in June 2008 in a 5–4 vote by the school district due to issues with asbestos. Its staff and students were relocated the following year. The Schenley name was retired and its last class graduated in 2011. On February 28, 2013 the Pittsburgh School Board approved the sale of Schenley High School to the PMC Property Group of Philadelphia in a 5–4 vote.

The Schenley building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP Reference #86002706). and the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Register. It is also a contributing property in the Schenley Farms Historic District.

Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation
The Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation (PHLF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1964 to support the preservation of historic buildings and neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

In 1966, PHLF established the Revolving Fund for Preservation with a $100,000 grant from the Sarah Scaife Foundation. PHLF used the grant to purchase, restore and renovate historic inner-city properties primarily in the North Side and South Side neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, which were rented or sold to low- and moderate-income families.
Manchester (The West Wing)
"Manchester" is the two-part third-season premiere of the American political drama television series The West Wing. The episodes aired on October 10 and 17, 2001 on NBC. The episodes deal with President Bartlet's decision to run for re-election, and the activities of the weeks leading up to his official announcement. Both parts were written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme, and the episodes contain the first appearances by Ron Silver, Evan Handler and Connie Britton. These episodes also mark the first episode where Stockard Channing is added to opening credits, marking that she became a regular character this season. The second episode was an Emmy nominee for Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series. It also earned a Golden Reel Award nomination for Best Sound Editing in a Television Series.

The West Wing season 3
The third season of the American political drama television series The West Wing aired in the United States on NBC from October 3, 2001 to May 22, 2002 and consisted of 21 episodes and 2 special episodes.
Kheora
Kheora is a village in the east-central part of Bangladesh. It is located at Mehari Union under Kasba Upazila in Brahmanbaria District of Chittagong division. Administratively, the village is divided into Ward No. 7 and 8 of Mehari Union. The village is known as the birthplace of Hindu spiritual saint Anandamayi Ma.

Villages of Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, a village is the smallest territorial and social unit for administrative and representative purposes. It is an elective unit of a Union Council from which a single council member is elected. Usually one village is designated as a ward and each union is made up of nine villages.

At the 1991 census, there were 68,038 villages in Bangladesh with an average of 232 households. The rural areas of Bangladesh (i.e. villages) are characterized by higher growth rate of population and lower literacy rate compared to urban areas - but these gaps are decreasing.

After independence, the villages in Bangladesh were underdeveloped in terms of infrastructure and economic activity. Traditional manual process driven agriculture used to be the predominant economic activity. However, the ingenuity and vitality demonstrated by the people is gradually driving the villages towards economic progress.
Sphingosine N-acyltransferase
In enzymology, sphingosine N-acyltransferases (ceramide synthases (CerS), EC 2.3.1.24) are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reaction of synthesis of ceramide:

acyl-CoA + sphingosine  CoA + N-acylsphingosine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sphingosine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acylsphingosine.

Ceramide synthases are integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include ceramide synthetase, and sphingosine acyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism.

Integral membrane protein
An integral, or intrinsic, membrane protein (IMP)  is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified as IMPs, but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins. IMPs comprise a significant fraction of the proteins encoded in an organism's genome. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by annular lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein. Such proteins can only be separated from the membranes by using detergents, nonpolar solvents, or sometimes denaturing agents.

Proteins that adhere only temporarily to cellular membranes are known as peripheral membrane proteins. These proteins can either associate with integral membrane proteins, or independently insert in the lipid bilayer in several ways.
Old Main Library (Albuquerque, New Mexico)
The Old Main Library is a historic building in the Huning Highlands neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico, originally built in 1925 as the main facility of the Albuquerque Public Library. Since the opening of the current Main Library in 1975, it has served as the library system's Special Collections branch, housing historical and genealogical research materials. Designed by Arthur Rossiter with interior decorations by Gustave Baumann, the building is a notable example of Pueblo Revival architecture. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1975 and is also an Albuquerque Historic Landmark. It was individually listed on the National Register in 2024.

New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties
The New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties is a register of historic and prehistoric properties located in the state of New Mexico. It is maintained by the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. The Cultural Properties Review Committee meets at least six times a year. The committee lists properties in the State Register and forwards nominations to the National Register.
Ibn Hadiyya al-Tilimsani
Ibn Hadiyya al-Tilimsani was a Maliki jurist, judge, orator, and writer from Tlemcen. Writings that mention him state that his lineage is traced to Uqba ibn Nafi.

He received his education in Tlemcen, where he later held the position of qadi (judge). He also served as a scribe and advisor to the early rulers of the Zayyanid dynasty, including Abu Zayyan I, under whom he held an administrative role. Additionally, he relocated with his father to Marinid Fez to settle for reasons he preferred not to disclose. Upon his death, Sultan Abu Tashfin I is reported to have attended his funeral. Most of Ibn Hadiyya's works are lost.

Zayyanid dynasty
The Zayyanid dynasty or Ziyanids (Arabic: زيانيون, Ziyāniyyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (Arabic: بنو عبد الواد, Bānu ʿAbd āl-Wād) was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria. The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557.
Soviet submarine K-3 Leninsky Komsomol
К-3 was a project 627 "Кит" (kit, meaning "whale"; NATO reporting name "November") submarine of the Soviet Navy's Northern Fleet, the first nuclear submarine of the Soviet Union. The vessel was prototyped in wood, with each of five segments scattered between five different locations about Leningrad, including the Astoria Hotel. She was built in Molotovsk, launched on 9 August 1957, commissioned in July 1958, and homeported at Zapadnaya Litsa on the Kola Peninsula. K‑3 was designed by Vladimir Peregoudov. Her initial captain was Leonid Osipenko, and the executive officer was Lev Zhiltsov, who had the important task of assembling the first crew.

November-class submarine
The November class, Soviet designation Project 627 Kit (Russian: Кит, lit. 'whale', NATO reporting name November) was the Soviet Union's first class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, which were in service from 1958 through 1990. All but one have been disposed of, with the K-3, the first nuclear-powered submarine built for the Soviet Navy, being preserved as a memorial ship in Saint Petersburg.