hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Governor of East Pakistan
The Governor of East Pakistan, formerly known as the Governor of East Bengal, served as the appointed head of province of the provincial government and the representative of President of Pakistan in East Pakistan (previously East Bengal). The Governor functioned as the head of government during periods of Governor's Rule in East Pakistan, between 1954–1955 and 1958–1972, when the Provincial Assembly was dissolved. In periods when the Chief Minister held executive authority, the Governor primarily served as a ceremonial head of state.

Governor-General of Pakistan
The governor-general of Pakistan (Urdu: گورنر جنرل پاکستان) was the representative of the Pakistani monarch in the Dominion of Pakistan, established by the Indian Independence Act 1947. The office of governor-general was abolished when Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956.
Slovak Volunteer Campaigns
The Slovak uprising of 1848–1849 (Slovak: Slovenské povstanie), Slovak Volunteer Campaigns (Slovak: Slovenské dobrovoľnícke výpravy), Slovak Revolt or the Slovak Revolution occurred in Western parts of Upper Hungary (today mostly Western Slovakia) with the aim of equalizing Slovaks, democratizing political life and achieving social justice within the 1848–49 revolutions in the Habsburg Monarchy. It lasted from September 1848 to November 1849. In October 1848, Slovak leaders replaced their original Hungaro-federal program by Austro-federal, called for the separation of a Slovak district (Slovak: Slovenské Okolie) from the Kingdom of Hungary and for the formation of a new autonomous district within the framework of the Habsburg Monarchy.

Josip Jelačić
Count Josip Jelačić von Bužim (16 October 1801 – 20 May 1859; also spelled Jellachich, Jellačić or Jellasics; Croatian: Josip grof Jelačić Bužimski; Hungarian: Jelasics József) was a Croatian lieutenant field marshal in the Imperial Austrian Army and politician. He was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 April 1859. He was a member of the House of Jelačić and a noted army general, remembered for his military campaigns during the Revolutions of 1848 and for his abolition of serfdom in Croatia.
Rudka, Ternopil Oblast
Rudka (Ukrainian: Рудка) is a village in the Kremenets urban hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Kremenets Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets urban hromada
Kremenets urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кременецька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Kremenetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada located in Kremenets Raion, in the western Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kremenets.

The hromada has a size of 522.9 km2 (201.9 mi2), and a population of 42,064 (As of 2023).
Postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies
This is a survey of postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies and part of  the postage stamps and postal history of Germany, as well as those of the individual countries and territories concerned.

German South West Africa
German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, when it was captured by the Western Allies during World War I. However, Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Nama genocide.

In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war, its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (a dominion within the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 March 1990.
2016 West Asian Women's Handball Championship
‌The 2016 West Asian Women's Handball Championship was the inaugural edition of the championship held under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. The championship was hosted by Qatar Handball Association at Aspire Dome, Doha (Qatar) from 16 to 19 September 2016.

Qatar won their first title by winning all the matches in a round-robin tournament.

West Asian Women's Handball Championship
The West Asian Women's Handball Championship or AHF Women's President Cup since 2023, is the official competition organised by the Asian Handball Federation for senior women's national handball teams of Western Asia.
2012–13 Belgian Elite League
The 2012–13 Belgian Elite League was the 76th season of the Belgian Elite League, the top flight men's rugby union league in Belgium. The season saw the return of the Liegeois rugby club Coq Mosan, who were relegated to 2nd division after the 2010-2011 season. They managed to evade relegation by beating the rugby club BUC from Evere, who were relegated instead. The Championship was claimed by ASUB Rugby Waterloo who won their first Championship title since 1998.

2010–11 Belgian Elite League
The 2010–11 Belgian Elite League pitted eight Belgian rugby teams. It starts on 12 September 2010 and ending with a final game on 7 May 2011 in the King Baudouin Stadium. The Royal Kituro Rugby Club won the competition by defeating the defending champion, Boitsfort Rugby Club, with a score of 13-8.
Transition to war
Transition to war (TTW) is a NATO military term referring to a period of international tension during which government and society move to an open (but not necessarily declared) war footing. The period after this is considered to be war, conventional or otherwise, but the term TTW found its origins in the peak of the Cold War as a key NATO concept within the tripwire escalation of the DEFCON status. This could include the suspension of peacetime services, closing motorways to all but military traffic and the internment of subversives without charge or trial. The Federal Emergency Management Agency would declare this period as Increased Readiness in a move to expedite Civil Defense training, among other things in order to prepare civil authorities for a nuclear attack, and to an extent is similar to Transition to War.

Reserved occupation
A reserved occupation (also known as essential services) is an occupation considered important enough to a country that those serving in such occupations are exempt or forbidden from military service.
In a total war, such as the Second World War, where most fit men of military age were conscripted into the armed forces, exceptions were given to those who performed jobs vital to the country and the war effort which could not be abandoned or performed by others.  Not only were such people exempt from being conscripted, they were often prohibited from enlisting on their own initiative, and were required to remain in their posts. Examples of reserved occupations include medical practitioners and police officers, but what is or is not a reserved occupation will depend on war needs and a country's particular circumstances.
Noctograph
A noctograph is a writing instrument composed of a piece of paper whose underside is treated with printer's ink carbon paper and a metal board with clips to hold the paper in place and guidelines to make for straight writing in the dark. The user writes with a metal stylus, and thus does not have to ink a pen or worry about knocking an inkstand over.

The original purpose was to allow the blind or partially sighted to write with more ease than with a traditional pen, although it has also been used by the fully sighted to write in the dark. It was originally patented by Ralph Wedgwood in 1806.

Stylus
A stylus is a writing utensil or tool for scribing or marking into softer materials. Different styluses were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal, and the slate and stylus system is used to punch out dots to write in Braille.

Styluses are held in the hand and thus are usually a narrow elongated shape, similar to a modern ballpoint pen. Many styluses are heavily curved to be held more easily.

The word stylus is also used to describe computer styluses used to assist in navigating or providing more precision when using touchscreens.
Beeford
Beeford is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated at the junction of the A165 and the B1249, and approximately 10 miles (16 km)  north-east from Beverley and 8 miles (13 km) south from Bridlington.

According to the 2011 UK census, Beeford parish had a population of 1,078, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 955.

The name Beeford probably derives from the Old English bīford meaning 'by the ford'. It perhaps could be derived from bēoford meaning 'bee ford'.

The parish church of St Leonard is a Grade II* listed building.

Beeford also has a Church of England primary school and playing fields.

Bridlington
Bridlington is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is on the Holderness part (Flamborough Head to the Humber estuary) of the Yorkshire Coast by the North Sea. The town is about 28 miles (45 km) north of Hull and 34 miles (55 km) east of York. The stream called Gypsey Race flows through the town and enters the North Sea at the harbour.

The Priory Church of St Mary and associated Bayle (or gate) are Grade I listed buildings on the site of an Augustinian Priory. As a sea-fishing port, the town is known for shellfish, and is the largest lobster port in Europe, with over 300 tonnes of the crustaceans landed there each year. It has been termed the "Lobster Capital of Europe". Alongside manufacturing, retail and service firms, its main trade is summer tourism. It holds one of the UK's coastal weather stations.
Imperium Delirium
Imperium Delirium is the fifth studio album by American deathcore band Shadow of Intent. The album was released on June 27, 2025. It has spawned several singles including "Flying The Black Flag", "Feeding the Meatgrinder" (featuring George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher of Cannibal Corpse), "Infinity of Horrors", "Mechanical Chaos", and the title track.

The album was met with critical acclaim, showing "a more aggressive and polished sound" while simultaneously maintaining some of the melodic elements introduced in previous projects. Boolin Tunes has stated that the band brought back "many of the deathcore elements that have largely been absent from their sound since Reclaimer while managing to expand on their ever-maturing songwriting by blending a lot of these elements with the more death metal-adjacent elements that were omnipresent on Melancholy and Elegy."

Reclaimer (album)
Reclaimer is the second studio album by American deathcore band Shadow of Intent. The album was released on April 28, 2017. It is their first album without programmed drum tracks and the first album to feature a unique player on each instrument, with a one-off lineup that includes Matt Kohanowski on drums, Federico Zuccarelli on guitar and Keith Kohlhepp on bass. It reached #4 on the iTunes metal chart at debut.

"The Horror Within" was released in advance on March 31, 2017. The song's lyrics paraphrase a quote from the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "The Secret Box", "The inner machinations of my mind are an enigma." Several vocalists from other deathcore bands guest appear in the album, including Dickie Allen of Infant Annihilator and Jason Evans of Ingested on "The Catacombs".

The album is compiled as an instrumental edition along with their debut Primordial on the album The Instrumentals, released on October 20, 2017.
Eckenroth
Eckenroth is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Langenlonsheim-Stromberg, whose seat is in Langenlonsheim. The population is 225 as of May 2025.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
Nakht
Nakht was an ancient Egyptian official who held the position of a scribe and astronomer of Amun, probably during the reign of Thutmose IV of the Eighteenth Dynasty. He was buried in the Theban Necropolis in tomb TT52.

Thutmose IV
Thutmose IV (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis IV, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: ḏḥwti.msi(.w) "Born of Thoth") was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled in approximately the 14th century BC. His prenomen or royal name, Menkheperure, means "Established in forms is Re." He was the son of Amenhotep II and Tiaa. Thutmose IV was the grandfather of Akhenaten.
Torralba de Calatrava
Torralba de Calatrava is a municipality located in province of Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 2959 (2021) and located 17 km (11 mi) from the capital city. Some of the municipalities located close by are Carrión de Calatrava, Daimiel, Malagón and Bolaños de Calatrava.

This town is included in the Don Quixote route. It also lies within a volcanic zone (Cerrro de la Yezosa), which in turn also lies upon a quartzite massif.

Carrión de Calatrava
Carrión de Calatrava is a municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.  The castle of Calatrava la Vieja is situated nearby, which is known to be connected to the Order of Calatrava.
Albian Ajeti
Albian Afrim Ajeti (born 26 February 1997) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a striker for Swiss Super League club Basel.

He has previously played for FC Basel (two spells), FC Augsburg, St. Gallen, West Ham United, Celtic, Sturm Graz and Gaziantep.

2014–15 Swiss Super League
The 2014–15 Swiss Super League was the 118th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. It began on 19 July 2014 and ended on 29 May 2015. Basel successfully defended their title for a record sixth time in a row.

A total of 10 teams competed in the league, the 9 best teams from the 2013–14 season and the 2013–14 Swiss Challenge League champion FC Vaduz.
Chlorotetraedron
Chlorotetraedron is a genus of green algae, in the family Neochloridaceae. The name may also be written as Chlorotetraëdron. It is found as freshwater plankton or in soil.

The genus was first described under the name of Pseudotetraedron by Frank J. MacEntee in 1977; however, that name was taken by a genus of algae in the Xanthophyceae (the yellow-green algae). Therefore, the genus was renamed to Chlorotetraedron. Currently, three species are known.

Neochloridaceae
Neochloridaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.

Neochloridaceae consists of aquatic, coccoid algae. The cells are spherical or with complex polyhedral shapes. Chloroplasts have pyrenoids that are surrounded by continuous starch sheaths. They reproduce via asexual reproduction, where the cell forms aplanospores or zoospores; the zoospores bear two flagella.

Phylogenetically, Neochloridaceae is sister to the family Hydrodictyaceae, a family which contains common and well-known algae such as Pediastrum.
St. John's Episcopal Church (Framingham, Massachusetts)
The former St. John's Episcopal Church is an historic church building on Maynard Road and Church Street in Framingham, Massachusetts. It is now the Heineman Ecumenical Center at Framingham State University. The university acquired the building in 1969. The church building was designed by local architect Alexander Rice Esty, and was built in 1871.  Esty was a member of the congregation for which it was built, and donated his services.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 12, 1990.

Framingham State University
Framingham State University (Framingham State or FSU) is a public university in Framingham, Massachusetts. The university, then known as the Normal School in Lexington was founded in 1839 as the first state-supported normal school in the United States before becoming a full-fledged university. It offers undergraduate programs as well as graduate programs, including MBA, MEd, and MS.
Parnassius maximinus
Parnassius maximinus is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in western ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). Previously it was regarded as conspecific with P. delphius.

Parnassius
Parnassius is a genus of northern circumpolar and montane (alpine and Himalayan) butterflies usually known as Apollos or snow Apollos. They can vary in colour and form significantly based on their altitude. They also exhibit altitudinal melananism, a high-altitude adaptation. They have dark bodies and darker coloring at the base of their wings, which allows them to absorb solar energy more quickly.

Although classified under the swallowtail butterfly family, none of the Parnassius species possesses tails.

The larvae feed on species of plants belonging to the Papaveraceae and Crassulaceae families, and like the other swallowtail butterfly larvae, possess an osmeterium. Unlike most butterflies that have exposed pupae, they pupate inside a loose silken cocoon.
FC Échirolles
Football Club d'Échirolles is a French association football club founded in 1949. They are based in Échirolles, near Grenoble in Isère, France and are currently playing in the Ligue Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, the 6th tier of French football. They play at the Stade Eugène Thénard in Échirolles.

FC Échirolles has reached the 7th round of the Coupe de France on several occasions, most notably suffering a 4–1 defeat to Olympique de Marseille in the 1995–96 edition.

Échirolles
Échirolles (French pronunciation: [eʃiʁɔl] ⓘ; Arpitan: Ècherôles) is a commune in the Isère department, southeastern France. Part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration), it is the second-largest suburb of the city of Grenoble, which is immediately to its north.
B. R. Bhat
Beliyar Ramdas Bhat was a professor and head of the department of statistics at Karnatak University in India for more than two decades. After retiring from Karnatak University, he became a professor at the University of Botswana in Africa. He was elected member of International Statistical Institute and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Fellow of Royal Statistical Society.

Bhat obtained a M.A. degree in mathematics from Madras University in 1954, and a M.A. degree in statistics from Karnataka University,  prior to working on a Ph.D. from Berkeley in 1961. His advisor was David Blackwell. Bhat was elected member of Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and South African Statistical Association. He was the Secretary, Editor and President of Indian Society for Probability and Statistics. He was also the past President of the Section of Statistics of the Indian Science Congress Association.

Royal Statistical Society
The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.
The Jerusalem International Writers Festival
The Jerusalem International Writers Festival is an annual festival that takes place at the Mishkenot Sha'ananim Cultural Center in Jerusalem, Israel. Since the Mishkenot Sha'ananim guesthouse  opened in 1974, literature has been one of its main focuses. The Jerusalem International Writers Festival was first held in 2008 and was a biennial event until 2018, when it was decided to hold it on a yearly basis.

Each year, it features forty writers from Israel and other countries who take part in events on the Mishkenot campus and other locations in the city. The festival has been organized by Moti Schwartz since 2014.

A. B. Yehoshua
Avraham Gabriel "Boolie" Yehoshua (Hebrew: אברהם גבריאל "בולי" יהושע; December 9, 1936 – June 14, 2022) was an Israeli novelist, essayist, and playwright. The New York Times called him the "Israeli Faulkner". Underlying themes in Yehoshua's work are Jewish identity, the tense relations with non-Jews, the conflict between the older and younger generations, and the clash between religion and politics.
Toreby
Toreby is a village in Guldborgsund Municipality on the Danish island of Lolland. It is located 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Nykøbing Falster and 11 km (6.8 mi) east of Sakskøbing. It had a population of 614 as of 1 January 2025. The main road through the town is known as Torebyvej.

Lolland
Lolland (Danish: [ˈlʌˌlænˀ] ⓘ; formerly spelled Laaland, literally "low land") is the fourth largest island of Denmark, with an area of 1,243 km2 (480 sq mi). Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sund area, it is part of Region Sjælland (Region Zealand). As of 1 January 2022, it has 57,618 inhabitants. Lolland is closely connected to the island of Falster to its east. The locality of Sundby forms a cross-island urban area with Nykøbing Falster, the largest conurbation partially on Lolland. The most populated settlement on Lolland proper is Nakskov.
Sandra (given name)
Sandra  is a female name, which is often used as a short form for Alexandra or Cassandra.  Alexandra is a feminine form of the male name Alexander, which is a romanization of the Greek name Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros.  It is generally interpreted to mean "protector of man" or "defender of man".

The name Cassandra is also from the Greek (Greek: Κασσάνδρα: "she who entangles men").  Cassandra is known in Greek mythology, as the daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy.  She was loved by Apollo and given the gift of prophecy but when she did not fall in love with him, he placed a curse on her so that no one would believe her predictions.

Alexander
Alexander (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος) is a masculine name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander, Oleksandr, Oleksander, Aleksandr, and Alekzandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexsander, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa, Aleksandre, Alejandro, Alessandro, Alasdair, Sasha, Sandy, Sandro, Sikandar, Skander, Sander and Xander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha.
StepMania
StepMania is a cross-platform rhythm video game and engine. It was originally developed as a clone of Konami's arcade game series Dance Dance Revolution, and has since evolved into an extensible rhythm game engine capable of supporting a variety of rhythm-based game types. Released under the MIT License, StepMania is open-source free software.

Several video game series use StepMania as their game engines. This includes In the Groove, Pump It Up Pro, Pump It Up Infinity, and StepManiaX. StepMania was included in a video game exhibition at New York's Museum of the Moving Image in 2005.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.