hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eodromaeus
Eodromaeus (meaning "dawn runner") is an extinct genus of probable basal theropod dinosaurs from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Like many other of the earliest-known dinosaurs, it hails from the Carnian-age (~230 Ma) Ischigualasto Formation, within the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin of northwestern Argentina. Upon its discovery, it was argued to be one of the oldest true theropods, supplanting its contemporary Eoraptor, which was reinterpreted as a basal sauropodomorph.

Paul Sereno
Paul Callistus Sereno (born October 11, 1957) is a professor of paleontology at the University of Chicago who has discovered several new dinosaur species on several continents, including at sites in Inner Mongolia, Argentina, Morocco and Niger.  One of his widely publicized discoveries includes a nearly complete specimen of Sarcosuchus imperator — commonly referred to as SuperCroc — found in Gadoufaoua, located in the Tenere desert of Niger.
Enabling transformation
In computer science, an enabling transformation is a compiler optimization that increases the effectiveness of other compiler optimizations. Such an optimization may or may not improve program performance by itself, but it also alters the structure of the program in such a way that other optimizations may produce superior results. Typical enabling transformations include:

Inline expansion: By inserting the body of a function in place of its call site, a large collection of intraprocedural optimizations such as dead code elimination, loop-invariant code motion, and induction variable elimination can take advantage of information from both the caller and callee.

Loop skewing: By "skewing" the logical shape of an array, this loop optimization can (when combined with loop interchange) eliminate loop-carried dependencies, allowing an inner loop to be parallelized.

Loop unswitching moves loop invariants out of a loop, reducing the number of conditional branches in each loop.

Loop unswitching
Loop unswitching is a compiler optimization. It moves a conditional statement inside a loop outside by duplicating the loop's body and placing a version of it inside each of the if and else clauses of the conditional. This enhances loop's parallelization. As modern processors can efficiently handle vectors, this optimization increases program speed.

Here is a simple example. Suppose we want to add the two arrays x and y and also do something depending on the variable w.  We have the following C code:

The conditional inside this loop makes it difficult to safely parallelize this loop. When we unswitch the loop, this becomes:

While the loop unswitching may double the amount of code written, each of these new loops may now be separately optimized.

Loop unswitching was introduced in gcc in version 3.4.
Skjervøy IK
Skjervøy Idrettsklubb is a Norwegian sports club from Skjervøy Municipality in Troms county. It has sections for association football, team handball, track and field, Nordic skiing, and biathlon.

It was established on 6 June 1930.

The men's football team currently plays in the 3. divisjon, the fourth tier of the Norwegian football league system. It last played in the 2. divisjon in 2003. It then won its 3. divisjon group and contested playoffs to the 2. divisjon in 2008, but lost to Bossekop UL.

Bossekop UL
Bossekop Ungdomslag is a Norwegian sports club from Bossekop in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county. It has sections for association football, team handball, speed skating and Nordic skiing.

It was founded on 25 July 1912 as a youth association.  A sports team within Bossekop UL (cf IL i BUL) was founded in 1958.  The club practiced athletics from 1960, speed skating from 1961, football from 1967, handball from 1973, skiing since 1980 and biathlon since 1991. Some sections later became defunct.

The men's football team plays in the 2. divisjon, the third tier of Norwegian football, after promotion in 2012. The team also played in the Second Division in 2000, 2003 and 2009. The two latter promotions were achieved through playoffs in 2002 and 2008; the club also lost one playoff (to Lyngen/Karnes IL) in 2004. The club has sent players to the Sápmi football team.

The club has had internationally known speed skaters, including Asle T. Johansen and Jarle Pedersen.
Calcium bromate
Calcium bromate, Ca(BrO3)2, is a calcium salt of bromic acid. It is most commonly encountered as the monohydrate, Ca(BrO3)2•H2O.

It can be prepared by reacting calcium hydroxide with sodium bromate or calcium sulfate with barium bromate.  Above 180 °C, calcium bromate decomposes to form calcium bromide and oxygen. In theory, electrolysis of calcium bromide solution will also yield calcium bromate.

It is used as a bread dough and flour "improver" or conditioner (E number E924b) in some countries.

Calcium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water.  Annually, approximately 125 million tons of calcium hydroxide are produced worldwide.

Calcium hydroxide has many names including hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slaked lime, cal, and pickling lime. Calcium hydroxide is used in many applications, including food preparation, where it has been identified as E number E526. Limewater, also called milk of lime, is the common name for a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide.
Gajender Yadav
Gajender Yadav (born 1977) is an Indian politician from Delhi. He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in the 8th Delhi Assembly representing Bharatiya Janata Party from Mehrauli Assembly constituency in South Delhi district.

8th Delhi Assembly
The Eighth Delhi Legislative Assembly was constituted on 20 February 2025 after the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections were concluded earlier on 5 February 2025 and the results were announced on 8 February 2025. It is the legislative arm of the Government of Delhi.
Renda Parish
Renda Parish (Latvian: Rendas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 1091 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 263.35 km2. The administrative center is the village of Renda.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Koluvail
Koluvail or Kolvail or Koluvailu is a village near Haleyangady of South Canara district of Karnataka state in India. It is located on banks of river Pavanje before entering Arabian Sea. The village is dotted with paddy fields and coconut gardens.

Pavanje
Pavanje is a village in Dakshina Kannada district of  Karnataka state, India. It is sited on the north bank of the Nandini River, adjoining National Highway 66 between Udupi and Mangaluru. It lies just outside of Mangaluru city and close to Mukka from where the Mangaluru city northern limits start. Pavanje bridge is the entrance to Mangaluru city from north. Pavanje lies to south of Haleangadi. The Arabian sea is on west of this village. The village has lush green paddy fields and coconut plantations.

The significance of this place is that it houses the entire family of Lord Shiva. The main temple is Mahalingeshwara temple of Lord Shiva. The Mahalingeshwara temple is on top of a small hill. On the bottom of the hill there is a temple of Mahadevi and also Shri Jnanashakthi Subrahmanyaswami Temple.
Nicholas Attygalle
Sir Nicholas Attygalle KBE FRCS FRCOG (14 July 1894 – 27 March 1970) was a Ceylonese academic, surgeon and a Senator. He was the President of the Senate of Ceylon from 1953 to 1960 and the first Ceylonese Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ceylon, where he was known as the "Iron Vice Chancellor".

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Constituencies of Nepal
In Nepal, the House of Representatives (Parliamentary) has 165 constituencies (165 first-past-the-post constituencies and one nationwide constituency from which 110 members are elected by proportional representation), whilst the seven provincial assemblies have a total of 337 constituencies (330 first-past-the-post constituencies and seven province-wide constituencies elected by proportional representation). The current constituencies are based on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017. As per the constitution, the new constituencies cannot be altered for another 20 years (until 2037) and cannot be challenged in any court of law.

Provinces of Nepal
The Provinces of Nepal, officially the Autonomous Nepalese Provinces (Nepali: स्वायत्त नेपाली प्रदेशहरू, romanized: Nepālkā Swayatta Pradeśharū), were formed on 20 September 2015 in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Constitution of Nepal. The seven provinces were formed by grouping the existing districts. The current system of seven provinces replaced an earlier system where Nepal was divided into 14 administrative zones which were grouped into five development regions.
John Hopkins (legal scholar)
John Alan Hopkins (16 December 1936 – 19 September 2018) was an English legal academic known for developing Downing College's reputation for law.  He was a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge and an Honorary Fellow of Hughes Hall, Cambridge.

Equity (law)
In the field of jurisprudence, equity is the particular body of law, developed in the English Court of Chancery, with the general purpose of providing legal remedies for cases wherein the common law is inflexible and cannot fairly resolve the disputed legal matter. Conceptually, equity was part of the historical origins of the English common law system, yet is a field of law separate from common law because it has its own distinct rules and principles and was administered by courts of equity.

Equity exists in domestic law, both in civil law and in common law systems, as well as in international law. The tradition of equity begins in antiquity with the writings of Aristotle (epieikeia) and with Roman law (aequitas). Later, in civil law systems, equity was integrated in the legal rules, while in common law systems it became an independent body of law.
Laurionite
Laurionite (PbCl(OH)) is a lead halide mineral. It forms colorless to white crystals in the orthorhombic crystal system and is dimorphous with paralaurionite, both members of the matlockite group.

It was first described in 1887 for an occurrence in the Laurium District, Attica, Greece, and named after the town Laurium.
It occurs as an oxidation product in lead ore deposits, and is also produced on lead-bearing slag by reaction with saline solutions.  It occurs associated with paralaurionite, penfieldite, fiedlerite, phosgenite, cerussite and anglesite.

Penfieldite
Penfieldite is a rare lead hydroxychloride mineral from the class of halides. It was named after Samuel Lewis Penfield. It has been a valid species before the founding of IMA, and was first published in 1892. It had been grandfathered, meaning the name penfieldite is still believed to refer to a valid species. When it was first described by Genth in 1892 from Laurion, Greece, the mineral had the formula of Pb3Cl4O.
Polar Studios
Polar Studios was a recording studio in Stockholm, Sweden, which operated from 1978 through 2004. The studio was formed by ABBA musicians Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson and the band's manager Stig Anderson, owner of the Polar Music recording label.

The studio was used to record the last three ABBA albums, Voulez-Vous, Super Trouper and The Visitors, as well as their two non-LP singles "The Day Before You Came" and "Under Attack". Following the demise of ABBA, all members of the group continued using the studio to record their solo projects.

In addition to ABBA, a range of other well-known artists recorded at Polar. Among the albums to have been recorded at the studio are Led Zeppelin's In Through the Out Door and Genesis' Duke.

Stig Anderson
Stig Erik Leopold "Stikkan" Anderson (25 January 1931 – 12 September 1997) was a Swedish music manager, lyricist and music publisher.  He was the co-founder of Polar Music and is best known for managing the Swedish pop band ABBA.
Biatoridium monasteriense
Biatoridium monasteriense is a species of lichen-forming fungus of uncertain placement in the Ascomycota. It is the type species of Biatoridium, a genus resurrected by Josef Hafellner in 1994. The lichen is found in central and northern Europe, as well as the Pacific Northwest region of northern North America.

Regional Red List
A Regional Red List is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region.  It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale.  Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning.  This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments, universities and organizations throughout the world.

Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in:

Determining the conservation status and trends of species

Identifying species or ecosystems under greatest threat

Informing conservation planning and priority setting

Raising awareness of threatened species
Chlamys hastata
Chlamys hastata, the spear scallop, spiny scallop or swimming scallop, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae found on the west coast of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to San Diego, California. A limited number of these scallops are harvested by divers or by narrow trawls off the west coast of Canada.

The spiny scallop lives on the seabed in the sublittoral zone between low tide mark and a depth of 150 metres (490 ft), on soft sediment or on rock, particularly in areas with a strong current. It is a filter feeder, sieving microscopic algae from water that passes through its gills. It is preyed on by starfish, octopuses and sea otters. It can detect predators by smell and by sight and can swim away from them by opening and closing its valves. Other organisms often grow on the exterior of its shell and it often forms a symbiotic relationship with an encrusting sponge which grows on the upper valve and helps protect it from predators.

Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemoreceptor is a neuron, or in the form of a neurotransmitter that can activate a nerve fiber if the chemoreceptor is a specialized cell, such as taste receptors, or an internal peripheral chemoreceptor, such as the carotid bodies. In physiology, a chemoreceptor detects changes in the normal environment, such as an increase in blood levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) or a decrease in blood levels of oxygen (hypoxia), and transmits that information to the central nervous system which engages body responses to restore homeostasis.

In bacteria, chemoreceptors are essential in the mediation of chemotaxis.
Michael Scott (Irish author)
Michael Peter Scott (born 28 September 1959) is an Irish writer of science fiction, fantasy, horror, and, under the name Anna Dillon, romance novels.  He is also a collector and editor of folklore. Scott is best known for his The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel book series.

The Magician: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel
The Magician: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Magician) is a fantasy novel by Michael Scott. It is the sequel to The Alchemyst, and the second installment in the six part book series, The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel. It was released on 5 June 2008 in the United Kingdom, and 24 June 2008 in the United States. It was nominated for an Irish Book of the Year Award, The Dublin Airport Authority Irish Children's Book of the Year – Senior Category.
Assembly Hall, Warwick
Assembly Hall is a heritage-listed community hall at 8 Locke Street, Warwick, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992, but its heritage listing is currently under review.

Warwick, Queensland
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a rural town and locality in southeast Queensland, Australia, lying 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-west of Brisbane. It is the administrative centre of the Southern Downs Region local government area. The surrounding Darling Downs have fostered a strong agricultural industry for which Warwick, together with the larger city of Toowoomba, serve as convenient service centres. In the 2021 census, the locality of Warwick had a population of 12,294 people.
Syms Covington
Syms Covington (1816–1861) was a fiddler and cabin boy on HMS Beagle who became an assistant to Charles Darwin and was appointed as his personal servant in 1833, continuing in Darwin's service after the voyage until 1839. Originally named Simon Covington, he was born in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England, the youngest child of Simon Covington V and Elizabeth Brown.  After Covington's trip on the Beagle, he then emigrated to Australia and settled as a postmaster, marrying Eliza Twyford there.

Amanuensis
An amanuensis (/əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-sis) (pl. amanuenses /əˌmænjuˈɛnsiːz/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-seez) or scribe is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another. Eric Fenby acted as such in assisting the blind and paralysed composer Frederick Delius in writing down the notes he dictated.

In some academic contexts, an amanuensis can assist an injured or disabled person in taking written examinations. It may also be a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority.
SANAE IV
SANAE IV is a current South African Antarctic research base located in Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land. The base is part of the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) and is operated by the South African National Antarctic Expedition.

The other two SANAP bases are located on the Gough and Marion islands.

Prince Edward Islands
The Prince Edward Islands are two small uninhabited subantarctic volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean that are administered by South Africa. They are named Marion Island (named after Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, 1724–1772) and Prince Edward Island (named after Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1767–1820).

The islands in the group have been declared Special Nature Reserves under the South African Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, No. 57 of 2003, and activities on the islands are therefore restricted to research and conservation management. Further protection was granted when the area was declared a marine protected area in 2013. The only human inhabitants of the islands are the staff of a meteorological and biological research station run by the South African National Antarctic Programme on Marion Island.
Shamuhammet Durdylyyev
Shamuhammet Durdylyyev (Turkmen: Şamuhammet Durdylyýew, Russian: Шамухаммет Дурдылыев) is a Turkmen politician. He was the first mayor of the city of Arkadag.  He previously served as deputy chairman of the Turkmenistan government for construction and industry and as mayor of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan's capital city. He is currently on the board of directors of the consortium of construction companies responsible for building the "Ashgabat City" residential development.

Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Serdar Gurbangulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 22 September 1981) is a Turkmen businessman and politician serving as the third and current president of Turkmenistan since 2022. Berdimuhamedow had previously served in several other positions within the government of his father, Gurbanguly, the long-standing authoritarian ruler of Turkmenistan. The father and son entered into a power-sharing arrangement in 2022, through which they jointly rule a totalitarian dictatorship in Turkmenistan.

In 2021, he became one of several deputy chairmen in the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan. The next year, he won 73 percent of the vote in the country's presidential election, considered to be a sham election, succeeding his father's 18-year-long totalitarian tenure as president and making Turkmenistan the first modern country in Central Asia to be ruled by a dynastic system.
James S. Slingerland
James S. Slingerland (1834 - 1874) was an American politician in Nevada. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Nevada from 1866-1870. In 1867 and 1869, he served as president of the Nevada Senate.

He was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He married and had two children. He served in the Nevada Assembly. He was a Republican.

He is buried at Lone Mountain Cemetery, Carson City, Nevada.

Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
The lieutenant governor of Nevada is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Nevada. The lieutenant governor maintains an office in Carson City, Nevada at the Nevada State Capitol and is elected separately from the Governor, and may therefore be from a different party than the Governor. The incumbent lieutenant governor is Stavros Anthony, a Republican. He was sworn in in January 2023. The governor has the authority to appoint a replacement to fill the balance of the term in any vacant constitutional office, including that of the lieutenant governor, subject to Senate confirmation.
Sir Lachlan Mackinnon (clan chief)
Sir Lachlan Mackinnon (died c.1634) was chief of the Scottish Highland clan Mackinnon and played a prominent part in the troubled and transitional politics of the West Highlands in the early 17th century.

Clan MacQuarrie
Clan MacQuarrie (also Quarrie, MacQuarie, McQueary, McQuary, MacQuaire, Macquarie) is an ancient Highland Scottish clan which owned the islands of Ulva, Staffa and Gometra as well as large tracts of land on the Isle of Mull, which are all located in the Scottish Inner Hebrides. Clan MacQuarrie (Scottish Gaelic for: son of Guaire) is one of the seven Siol Alpin clans descended from the Kings of the Picts and Dál Riata. Clan MacQuarrie is one of the four oldest Highland clans and can trace its ancestry to 9th century Kenneth MacAlpine, the first King of Scots. A 1450 manuscript describes the descent of Clan MacQuarrie from their namesake progenitor Guaire (Scottish Gaelic for: noble), brother of Fingon (ancestor of Clan MacKinnon) and Anrias (ancestor of Clan Gregor). They were fierce fighters in the Wars of Scottish Independence and fought in support of King Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
NGC 423
NGC 423 is a lenticular galaxy of type S0/a? located in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on November 14, 1835 by John Herschel. It was described by Dreyer as "extremely faint, small, extended, gradually a little brighter middle, eastern of 2.", the other being NGC 418.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.