hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pilgrims and Pioneers
Pilgrims and Pioneers is a symphonic poem written by the American composer Virgil Thomson.  The music was originally composed as a score to the one-reel immigration film Journey to America, which was made for the 1964 New York World's Fair by Thomson's frequent collaborator John Houseman. However, Thomas later adapted the music for concert performances under the title Pilgrims and Pioneers.  This version was first performed by the Mozart Festival Orchestra conducted by Baird Hastings on February 27, 1971.

Symphonic poem
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source. The German term Tondichtung (tone poem) appears to have been first used by the composer Carl Loewe in 1828. The Hungarian composer Franz Liszt first applied the term Symphonische Dichtung to his 13 works in this vein, which commenced in 1848.
Mike Bullman
Mike Bullman is an American country and rock & roll singer, guitarist and songwriter originally from Spartanburg, South Carolina. For a period of time that spanned three decades, he was the leader of a group called The Jesters aka Jesters III. Some of the artists he has opened for include David Allan Coe, Ronnie McDowell and Jerry Reed. He is something of a local legend. He is also rumored to be Mike Corliss.

Jerry Reed
Jerry Reed Hubbard (March 20, 1937 – September 1, 2008), known professionally as Jerry Reed, was an American country singer, guitarist, composer, songwriter, and actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. His signature songs included "Guitar Man", "U.S. Male", "A Thing Called Love", "Alabama Wild Man", "Amos Moses", "When You're Hot, You're Hot" (which garnered a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male), "Ko-Ko Joe", "Lord, Mr. Ford", "East Bound and Down" (the theme song for the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit, in which Reed co-starred), "The Bird", and "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)".

Reed was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. He was announced as an inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame in April 2017, and he was officially inducted by Bobby Bare on October 24.
Lulu Bell Parr
Lulu Bell Parr (November 14, 1876 – January 17, 1955), was a Wild West performer known for her sharpshooting, trick riding, bronc riding, and buffalo riding. During her career she was titled the "Champion Lady Bucking Horse Rider of the World." In 2005, she was inducted into the Cowgirl Hall of Fame.

National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame is located in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. Established in 1975, it is dedicated to honoring women of the American West who have displayed extraordinary courage and pioneering fortitude. The museum is an educational resource with exhibits, a research library, and rare photography collection. It adds honorees to its hall of fame annually.
Meghimatium burchi
Meghimatium burchi is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Philomycidae and the superfamily Arionacea, the roundback slugs. The specific name burchi is in honor of the American malacologist John B. Burch.

Philomycidae
Philomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs (snails without shells or with only shell remnants). They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

The family Philomycidae has no subfamilies.
Grimsbury
Grimsbury is a largely residential area which forms the eastern part of Banbury, in the Cherwell district, in the county of, Oxfordshire, England. It is situated east of the River Cherwell, the Oxford Canal and the Cherwell Valley Line railway.

Grimsbury includes Banbury railway station, Banbury United F.C.'s ground, and the town's Royal Mail sorting offices, which were built on the site of the former Banbury Merton Street railway station.

Cherwell Valley line
The Cherwell Valley line is the railway line between Didcot and Banbury via Oxford. It links the Great Western Main Line and the south to the Chiltern Main Line and the Midlands. The line follows the River Cherwell for much of its route between Banbury and Oxford.
Kusunda language
Kusunda or Kusanda (endonym Gemehaq gipan Kusunda: [gemʰjaχ] ⓘ[gipən] ⓘ) is a language isolate spoken by a few among the Kusunda people in western and central Nepal. As of 2023, it only has a single fluent speaker, Kamala Sen-Khatri, although there are efforts underway to keep the language alive. There are 23 native speakers according to the 2021 Nepal census.

Retroflex consonant
A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ⓘ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. Other terms are domal and cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though in rare cases either word can mean palatal consonants more broadly.

The Latin-derived word retroflex means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip (subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal or apico-palatal consonants.
Space warfare in science fiction
Space warfare is a main theme and central setting of science fiction that can trace its roots back to classical times, and to the "future war" novels of the 19th century. With the modern age, directly with franchises as Star Wars and Star Trek, it is considered one of the most popular general sub-genres and themes of science fiction. An interplanetary, or more often an interstellar or intergalactic war, has become a staple plot device. Space warfare has a predominant role, it is a central theme and at the same time it is considered parent, overlapping genre of space opera and space Western.

Raygun
A raygun is a science-fiction directed-energy weapon usually with destructive effect. They have various names: ray gun, death ray, beam gun, blaster, laser gun, laser pistol, phaser, zap gun, etc. In most stories a raygun emits a ray usually lethal if it hits a human target, often destructive if it hits mechanical objects, with properties and other effects unspecified or varying.

Real-world analogues are directed-energy weapons or electrolasers: electroshock weapons which send current along an electrically conductive laser-induced plasma channel.
Mother's Wax Museum
Mother's Wax Museum is a wax museum located in Action Area – II of New Town, Kolkata, India on the 5th and 6th floors of the West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation building. Established in November 2014, it contains wax statues of more than 50 personalities, including statues of Bollywood actors Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan. The museum has been named after Mother Teresa.

New Town, Kolkata
New Town (a.k.a. Rajarhat-New Town) is a planned Satellite city of Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is administered by NKDA (New Town Kolkata Development Authority). New Town is declared as a "Solar City" and "Smart Green City" by Government of India.

HIDCO plans developing infrastructure like - roads, drains, sewerage line, water supply lines, major embellishment works and executed constructions like - buildings, projects, parks, museum, subways, over-bridges in New Town. An information technology and residential hub is developed at New Town. New Town was enabled with 10.5 km of Wi-Fi Zone along the Major Arterial Road (part of Biswa Bangla Sarani) from Haldiram, near Kolkata Airport to Salt Lake Sector V, which also make it India's first Wi-Fi road connectivity. The stretch has already been declared as a green corridor.
George Wright Golf Course
George Wright Golf Course is a municipal golf course in the Hyde Park and Roslindale neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts. The course was designed by Donald Ross, with the construction completed as one of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects. It represents one of the least known but impressive examples of Ross' breathtaking design art. The course opened in 1938.

Donald Ross (golf course architect)
Donald James Ross (November 23, 1872 – April 26, 1948) was a Scottish professional golfer and golf course designer. Ross was born and raised in Scotland but moved to the United States as a young man. Ross designed dozens of courses across North America and is generally regarded as one of the top golf course designers of all time.
Union of Krewo
In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also spelled Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva; Polish: unia w Krewie; Lithuanian: Krėvos sutartis) comprised a set of prenuptial promises made at Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in regard to  his prospective marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland.

Though very limited in scope, the "Union of Krewo", in historiography, often refers not only to the particular document but to  events of 1385–1386 as a whole. After the 1385 negotiations, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386.

The union proved a decisive moment in the  histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked the beginning of four centuries of shared history of the two polities. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union had developed into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which lasted until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

William, Duke of Austria
William (c. 1370 – 15 July 1406), known as William the Courteous (German: Wilhelm der Freundliche), a member of the House of Habsburg and Wilhelm, was Duke of Austria from 1386. As head of the Leopoldian line, he ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Carinthia, Styria and Carniola as well as the County of Tyrol and Further Austria from 1396 until his death.
2016 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2016 Supercoppa Italiana was the 29th edition of the Supercoppa Italiana. It was played on 23 December 2016 at Jassim bin Hamad Stadium in Doha, Qatar. Juventus were the defending champions. With Juventus winning both the 2015–16 Serie A championship and the 2015–16 Coppa Italia, the game was played between Juventus and the 2015–16 Coppa Italia runners-up, AC Milan. AC Milan won 4–3 on penalties following a 1–1 draw after extra time for the record-tying seventh title.

2015–16 Coppa Italia
The 2015–16 Coppa Italia, also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 69th edition of the national domestic tournament. It began on 2 August 2015 and ended with the final match on 21 May 2016. Juventus successfully defended their title after beating Milan 1–0 by Morata's goal after extra time. This win secured them a record-extending eleventh cup title.
Birgit Rodhe
Birgit Karin Rodhe (née Grabe; 18 August 1915 – 19 November 1998) was a Swedish politician of the Liberal Party.

She served as deputy minister for education and minister for schools from 1978 to 1979.

Minister for Schools (Sweden)
The Minister for Schools (Swedish: Skolminister) is a cabinet minister in Sweden within the Ministry of Education and Research. The role includes overseeing preschools, primary schools, and upper secondary schools. Lotta Edholm currently serves as Sweden's minister for schools in the Kristersson cabinet.

From 2007, when Jan Björklund (L) was promoted to minister for education, until the formation of the Andersson cabinet in 2021, Sweden had no designated minister for schools. Instead, other titles were used for ministers within the Ministry of Education and Research, including deputy minister for education and minister for upper secondary school and adult education and training (gymnasie- och kunskapslyftsminister).

Unlike the minister for education, the minister for schools does not oversee higher education and research.
1957 Vuelta a España, Stage 9 to Stage 16
The 1957 Vuelta a España was the 12th edition of Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Bilbao on 26 April and Stage 9 occurred on 5 May with a stage from Cuenca. The race finished in Bilbao on 12 May.

1957 Vuelta a España
The 12th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 26 April to 12 May 1957. It consisted of 16 stages covering a total of 2,967 km (1,844 mi), and was won by Jesús Loroño. Vicente Iturat won the points classification and Federico Bahamontes won the mountains classification.
1940 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1940 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday November 5, to elect next the Governor of Nebraska. republican candidate and featured newspaper publisher and former state representative Dwight Griswold defeating Democratic candidate and former United States Representative Nebraska's 5th congressional district Terry Carpenter. Griswold became the first Republican to win the governorship since 1928.

1928 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1928 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1928, and featured former mayor of Falls City Arthur J. Weaver, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee, former Governor Charles W. Bryan.
Malcolm Byrne
Malcolm Byrne (born 25 April 1974) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow–Wexford constituency since the 2024 general election. He previously served as a Senator for the Cultural and Educational Panel from 2020 to 2024. He represented the Wexford constituency from 2019 to 2020.

He was elected to the Dáil in a by-election in November 2019, but lost his seat in the subsequent general election in February 2020, before regaining it in 2024. He was a member of Wexford County Council from 2009 to 2019.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
V25-class torpedo boat
The V25 class (also known as the Type 1913) was a class of torpedo boat built for the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). It was numerically the largest class ever built for the High Seas Fleet, consisting of 71 ships. Of the class, 32 were sunk during World War I, several to mines in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.
Of those that survived the war 29 were scuttled with the German fleet at Scapa Flow, one was destroyed by a mine on the way there, four were given to Britain and were not scuttled while one was given to Italy and France.

10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun
The 10.5 cm SK L/45 (Schnelladekanone Länge 45, quick-loading cannon with a barrel length of 45 calibers) was a German naval gun that was used in World War I and World War II and was the successor of the older 10.5 cm SK L/40 naval gun.
Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes
The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes in many respects classify them as one of the strongest materials in nature. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are long hollow cylinders of graphene. Although graphene sheets have 2D symmetry, carbon nanotubes by geometry have different properties in axial and radial directions. It has been shown that CNTs are very strong in the axial direction. Young's modulus on the order of 270–950 GPa and tensile strength of 11–63 GPa have been obtained.

Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
1. FC Schwandorf
The 1. FC Schwandorf is a German association football club from the town of Schwandorf, Bavaria.

The club's most successful era was in the late 1950s and 1960s when it spent thirteen season in the tier three Bayernliga. The club has a strong association with the German railways, as evident by the term railway sports club in its name (German: Eisenbahner Sportverein), and is a member of the Association of German railway sports clubs, the VDES.

Association of German railway sports clubs
The Association of German railway sports clubs (German: Verband Deutscher Eisenbahner-Sportvereine – VDES) is the governing body for multiple-sports clubs in Germany associated with the German railway, historically the Deutsche Reichsbahn and currently the Deutsche Bahn. It is based in Frankfurt am Main.

The association has over 300 member clubs and 120,000 individual members.
Spend analysis
Spend analysis or spend analytics is the process of collecting, cleansing, classifying and analyzing expenditure data with the purpose of decreasing procurement costs, improving efficiency, and monitoring controls and compliance. It can also be leveraged in other areas of business such as inventory management, contract management, complex sourcing, supplier management, budgeting, planning, and product development.

Category management
Category management is a retailing and purchasing concept in which the range of products purchased by a business organization or sold by a retailer is broken down into discrete groups of similar or related products. These groups are known as product categories (examples of grocery categories might be: tinned fish, washing detergent, toothpastes). It is a systematic, disciplined approach to managing a product category as a strategic business unit.  The phrase "category management" was coined by Brian F. Harris.
Ranjit Singh Dyal
Lieutenant General Ranjit Singh Dyal, PVSM MVC (15 November 1928 – 29 January 2012) was an Indian Army general and an administrator. As a soldier, Ranjit Singh led the capture of the Haji Pir pass by the Indian army during the 1965 war with Pakistan. He also drew up the plans for Operation Blue Star, and served as the General-Officer-Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command. Later, he served as Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Africa XI (football)
The Africa XI is an association football scratch team consisting of players from the CAF region. The Africa XI play one-off games against clubs, national teams, collectives of other confederations, or a World XI made up of players from all the other continents. The causes for these games are anniversaries, testimonials or for charity.

Europe XI v Africa XI (1997)
Europe XI v Africa XI (1997) was a friendly football match that took place on 29 January 1997 at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal, between a European select side and an African select side. The match was jointly organized by UEFA and CAF as part of the European Year against Racism. The African XI won 2–1 with goals from Abedi Pele and Mustapha Hadji.
2008 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 2008 Georgia Bulldogs football team competed in American football on behalf of the University of Georgia in 2008. The Bulldogs competed in the East Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). This was the Georgia Bulldogs' eighth season under the guidance of head coach Mark Richt. During the pre-game ceremonies on August 30, UGA VII was introduced at Sanford Stadium, replacing UGA VI, who died in June.

Georgia was ranked #1 in both the preseason coaches poll and AP poll, marking the first time Georgia has ever been #1 in the preseason version of either poll. However, they finished the season ranked below the top 10 in the AP poll.

Georgia entered the 2008 season with the longest active winning streak among the 66 BCS conference teams having won their last 7 games of the 2007 season. Among the 120 NCAA FBS teams, only BYU had a longer active winning streak (10 games). Georgia's winning streak ended at 11 games with its loss to Alabama in the 5th game of the 2008 season.

Mark Richt
Mark Allan Richt (born February 18, 1960) is an American former college football coach, player, and current television analyst. He was the head football coach at the University of Georgia for 15 years and at the University of Miami, his alma mater, for three. His teams won two Southeastern Conference (SEC) championships, five SEC division titles, and one Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) division title. He was a two-time SEC Coach of the Year (2002, 2005), the 2017 ACC Coach of the Year, and the winner of the national 2017 Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award. On January 10, 2023, he was inducted into College Football Hall of Fame as part of the 2023 class.

Richt played college football as a quarterback at Miami. As an assistant coach, he spent 14 years at Florida State University, where he served as offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach under Bobby Bowden, and a year as offensive coordinator at East Carolina University.
Beta-binomial distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the beta-binomial distribution is a family of discrete probability distributions on a finite support of non-negative integers arising when the probability of success in each of a fixed or known number of Bernoulli trials is either unknown or random. The beta-binomial distribution is the binomial distribution in which the probability of success at each of n trials is not fixed but randomly drawn from a beta distribution. It is frequently used in Bayesian statistics, empirical Bayes methods and classical statistics to capture overdispersion in binomial type distributed data.

The beta-binomial is a one-dimensional version of the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution as the binomial and beta distributions are univariate versions of the multinomial and Dirichlet distributions respectively. The special case where α and β are integers is also known as the negative hypergeometric distribution.

Dirichlet distribution
In probability and statistics, the Dirichlet distribution (after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet), often denoted , is a family of continuous multivariate probability distributions parameterized by a vector α of positive reals. It is a multivariate generalization of the beta distribution, hence its alternative name of multivariate beta distribution (MBD).  Dirichlet distributions are commonly used as prior distributions in Bayesian statistics, and in fact, the Dirichlet distribution is the conjugate prior of the categorical distribution and multinomial distribution.

The infinite-dimensional generalization of the Dirichlet distribution is the Dirichlet process.
Hodenhagen
Hodenhagen is a municipality in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town was once the site of Hudemühlen Castle, which is now destroyed. The castle was famous as the home of the kobold Hinzelmann. The site of another medieval castle, Hodenhagen Castle on the River Meiße, is also located nearby. Serengeti Park, an amusement park with a safari theme, is located within the municipality.

Heidekreis
Heidekreis ("Heath district") is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Harburg, Lüneburg, Uelzen, Celle, Hanover, Nienburg, Verden and Rotenburg.