hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stand Strong Stand Proud
Stand Strong Stand Proud is the second studio album by Vice Squad. It is the final album to feature the band's original lineup. It was originally released in 1982 by Zonophone, a division of EMI. Although it wasn't released by Riot City Records the band decided to use the Riot City name as it was a label they founded. It was later re-released by Dojo and Captain Oi! both with the same five bonus tracks.

Stand Strong Stand Proud contributed to the band's presence in the punk scene, reaching #47 on the UK Albums Chart. While its sales did not match some other releases, it maintained a strong position for a punk album at the time.

Beki Bondage
Beki Bondage (born Rebecca Louise Bond) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known as the frontwoman of the punk band Vice Squad.

She appeared on the front cover of a number of influential music papers  such as Melody Maker, NME, Smash Hits and Sounds.

In 1983, she left Vice Squad to form the band Ligotage with Steve Roberts of UK Subs. Sales of their first single "Crime and Passion" (1983, EMI) were disappointing, and their only album, Forgive and Forget, was released on the independent Picasso Records label.

Following the release of two solo singles in 1985, Bondage formed The Bombshells (often billed as "Beki & the Bombshells") in 1986. The band continued to play on the London club and punk circuit for many years.

In 1998, she reformed Vice Squad with a new line-up; the band continues to record and tour.

She also released a solo record album of covers in 2000 entitled Cold Turkey.
Pseudonoseris
Pseudonoseris is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Liabeae of the family Asteraceae.

Species

Pseudonoseris discolor (Muschl.) H.Rob. & Brettell - Peru, Bolivia

Pseudonoseris glandulosa (Hieron.) Pruski - Peru

Pseudonoseris striatum (Cuatrec.) H.Rob. & Brettell - Peru

Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii (Hieron.) H.Rob. & Brettell - Peru

Liabeae
Liabeae is a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the Neotropics, where it is most diverse in the northern and central Andes. The center of diversity is in Peru.

This tribe includes annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, lianas, and small trees. In general, plants of the tribe have oppositely arranged leaves and almost all have yellow ray and disc florets, while a few have red or white florets. Most contain a white latex. The fruit usually has a pappus with an outer layer of scales and an inner layer of bristles.

Most species occur in forests. Some can be found in desert, alpine, and disturbed habitat types.

There are 18 genera with a total of about 165 species.

Genera
Canada Gairdner International Award
The Canada Gairdner International Award is given annually by the Gairdner Foundation at a special dinner to five individuals for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine; as of 2020, 98 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Gairdner recipients.

Canada Gairdner International Awards are given annually in the amount of $100,000 (each) payable in Canadian funds and can be awarded to residents of any country in the world. A joint award may be given for the same discovery or contribution to medical science, but in that case each awardee receives a full prize.

Peter Doherty (immunologist)
Peter Charles Doherty (born 15 October 1940) is an Australian immunologist and Nobel laureate.

Doherty received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997. In the Australia Day Honours of 1997, he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel. He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure.

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, Doherty's immune system research was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic "innovation and invention".  In 2012, Doherty was appointed as an Honorary Professor in the School of Biochemistry and Immunology at Trinity College Dublin.
List broker
A list broker acts as an agent for those who wish to conduct direct marketing campaigns via direct mail, email, or telemarketing.

List brokers provide lists that, minimally, contain a prospect's name and physical address. Consumer Lists may include additional demographic information such as age, gender, income, etc.; Business Lists may include firmographic information like job title, industry, employee size, etc. List Brokers work on behalf of their clients to find the best lists that reach their clients' desired target audience in which to promote/advertise their product or service, and coordinates the procurement process.

Many promotional mailings such as catalogs, coupons, promotional offers and credit offers utilize lists purchased through list brokers.

Common associations to which list brokers belong are the American Marketing Association and the Direct Marketing Association.

Data & Marketing Association
The Data & Marketing Association (DMA), formerly the Direct Marketing Association, is a trade organization for marketers. In 2017, their web site stated, "Yes, 100 years ago we were the Direct Mail Marketing Association and then the Direct Marketing Association. Now we embrace …"

Although headquartered in the United States, its members include companies from 48 other countries, including half of the Fortune 100 companies, as well as many non-profit organizations. The DMA seeks to advance all forms of direct marketing.

A mid-2018 joint announcement with the Association of National Advertisers (ANA), stated thus, "to be completed as of July 1, 2018" and having as its goal "the single largest trade association in the U.S. devoted to serving all aspects of marketing" had not materialized as of the projected date.

As of July 1, 2019, DMA became the Data, Marketing & Analytics arm of the ANA.
Jewish Student Union
The Jewish Student Union, or JSU is an organization run by the Orthodox Union's youth group, NCSY. Created in 2002, JSU attempts to create Jewish culture clubs in public schools across the United States.

JSU was created to serve a broad spectrum of Jewish teens from all different backgrounds and affiliations. Clubs bearing the "JSU" or "Jewish Student Union" name are run by the Orthodox Union.

JSU clubs are aimed at educating Jewish youth in public schools about Jewish culture, heritage, and religion. The mission of Jewish Student Union is to encourage more Jewish teens attending public high schools "to do something Jewish! That's it! It's that simple!!!" JSU currently has clubs throughout Canada and the United States.

NCSY
NCSY (formerly known as the National Conference of Synagogue Youth) is a Jewish youth group under the auspices of the Orthodox Union. Its operations include Jewish-inspired after-school programs; summer programs in Israel, Europe, and the United States; weekend programming, shabbatons, retreats, and regionals; Israel advocacy training; and disaster relief missions known as chesed (kindness) trips. NCSY also has an alumni organization on campuses across North America.
Meal deal
In the United Kingdom, a meal deal is a sales promotion which consists of three items: a main (often a sandwich or salad box), a drink, and a snack (commonly crisps, fruit or confectionery). Meal deals are primarily eaten at lunchtime, and more than a third of Britons buy one at least once per week. Over 7 million are sold, every weekday.

As of 2022, 23% of lunch meal deals exceeded the UK government's 600 kcal guideline, and on average contained 10% more calories (based on a survey of options available at five shops).

Lunch
Lunch is a meal typically consumed around the middle of the day, following breakfast and preceding dinner. It varies in form, size, and significance across cultures and historical periods. In some societies, lunch constitutes the main meal of the day and may consist of multiple courses, while in others it is lighter and more utilitarian in nature. The foods consumed at lunch differ widely according to local dietary customs, ranging from simple items such as sandwiches or salads to more elaborate meals involving rice, noodles, or soups. Regional and cultural practices continue to shape lunch traditions, which are further influenced by factors such as religion, geography, and economic context.

Health authorities recommend  that lunch meals include a balanced combination of carbohydrates, vegetables, fruit and protein while remaining light and easy to prepare. The UK National Health Service provides numerous healthy lunch recipes designed to support balanced nutrition.
Satoko Suetsuna
Satoko Suetsuna (末綱 聡子, Suetsuna Satoko; born 30 January 1981) is a badminton player from Japan. Born in Ōita, Ōita Prefecture, she joined Renesas badminton club and later affiliated with Saishunkan team. She was a bronze medalist at the 2011 BWF World Championships with her partner Miyuki Maeda.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Bertam Valley
Bertam Valley (Malay: Lembah Bertam) is an agricultural-based village in southern Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, located close to the town of Ringlet. The entry to the village is located at Ringlet. On one side of the village is the Ulu Jelai Power Station, on the headwaters of the Jelai River, a left tributary of the Pahang River.

Federal Route  FT 102, the main route linking the highlands to Kuala Lipis and the rest of Pahang, passes through Bertam Valley.

Ulu Jelai Power Station
The Ulu Jelai Power Station (Malay: Stesen Janakuasa Ulu Jelai) is a hydroelectric power station located in the district of Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. It is one of the entry point projects under the Economic Transformation Programme.
Ridders' method
In numerical analysis, Ridders' method is a root-finding algorithm based on the false position method and the use of an exponential function to successively approximate a root of a continuous function . The method is due to C. Ridders.

Ridders' method is simpler than Muller's method or Brent's method but with similar performance.  The formula below converges quadratically when the function is well-behaved, which implies that the number of additional significant digits found at each step approximately doubles; but the function has to be evaluated twice for each step, so the overall order of convergence of the method with respect to function evaluations rather than with respect to number of iterates is . If the function is not well-behaved, the root remains bracketed and the length of the bracketing interval at least halves on each iteration, so convergence is guaranteed.

Muller's method
Muller's method is a root-finding algorithm, a numerical method for solving equations of the form f(x) = 0. It was first presented by David E. Muller in 1956.

Muller's method proceeds according to a third-order recurrence relation similar to the second-order recurrence relation of the secant method. Whereas the secant method proceeds by constructing a line through two points on the graph of f corresponding to the last two iterative approximations and then uses the line's root as the next approximation at every iteration, by contrast, Muller's method uses three points corresponding to the last three iterative approximations, constructs a parabola through these three points, and then uses a root of the parabola as the next approximation at every iteration.
Infrahelvetic complex
The Infrahelvetic complex is a tectonic unit in the Swiss Alps. It consists of autochthonous rocks of the former southern continental margin of the European Plate.

The Infrahelvetic complex has been overthrusted by the Helvetic nappes, that partly contain similar rocks. It crops out in the northern part of the canton of Graubünden, generally south and below the Helvetic nappes and north of the Penninic nappes.

The Infrahelvetic complex consists of Mesozoic cover rocks, most notably massive limestones from the European continental shelf. These limestones have a shallower marine facies than contemporary sediments from the Helvetic nappes since they were originally deposited north of those units. The Triassic and Permian consist of dolomites, marls and conglomerates. In contrast to the completely detached Helvetic nappes, the Infrahelvetic complex is still lying conformably on top of a Hercynian basement which forms the external massifs of the Aar and Gotthard nappes.

Gotthard nappe
The Gotthard nappe (German: Gotthard-Decke, in older literature called the Gotthard Massif) is, in the geology of the Alps a nappe in the Helvetic zone of Switzerland. It consists of crystalline rocks that were, before the formation of the Alps, part of the upper crust of the southern margin of the European continent (the northern margin of the Alpine Tethys Ocean). As it names suggests, the Gotthard nappe lies in close proximity to the Gotthard Massif.
Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's +80 kg
The heavyweight class was a judo event held as part of the Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. The weight class was the heaviest contested, and allowed judokas over eighty kilograms. The competition was held on Thursday, October 22, 1964.

Fourteen judokas from twelve nations competed. The final between Inokuma and Rogers was a draw with Inokuma given a preference for a slightly higher activity. Little occurred in the first 10 minutes, and the referee Charles Palmer threatened to disqualify both and award no gold medal, yet with little effect.

Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics
The judo competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics was the first time the sport was included in the Summer Olympic Games. As a result, decades of judo being officially banned as an "imperialist sport" in the Soviet Union ended shortly before the Games started, as Soviet authorities prioritized winning medals above all else. The medals were awarded in 4 classes, and competition was restricted to men only. The competition was held in the Nippon Budokan, which was built to host the competition.
Kurkliai–Panevėžys offensive
The Kurkliai–Panevėžys offensive (Lithuanian: Kurklių–Panevėžio operacija) was one of the first offensive operations planned by the military command of the Lithuanian Armed Forces in the Lithuanian–Soviet War, carried out on May 18–23, 1919. Part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence.

Lithuanian Wars of Independence
The Lithuanian Wars of Independence (Lithuanian: Lietuvos nepriklausomybės kovos), also known as the Freedom Struggles (Lithuanian: Laisvės kovos), refer to three wars Lithuania fought defending its independence at the end of World War I: with Bolshevik forces (December 1918 – August 1919), Bermontians (October 1919 – December 1919), and Poland (April 1919 – November 1920). The wars delayed international recognition of Lithuania’s restored independence and the establishment of its civil institutions.
72andSunny
72andSunny is a global creative advertising agency, founded in 2004 by John Boiler, Glenn Cole, Robert Nakata and Greg Perlot, and currently chaired by Boiler, Cole and former CEO Matt Jarvis. with offices in Los Angeles, Amsterdam, New York City, and Sydney. The agency is known for brand transformations and culturally-led marketing campaigns that "combine entertainment and advertising." 72andSunny won "Agency of the Year" in 2012 by Advertising Age and 2013 by Adweek. It is a subsidiary of Stagwell, formerly MDC Partners.

Ad Age
Ad Age (known as Advertising Age until 2017) is a global media brand that publishes news, analysis, and data on marketing and media. Its namesake magazine was started as a broadsheet newspaper in Chicago in 1930. Ad Age appears in multiple formats, including its website, daily email newsletters, social channels, events and a bimonthly print magazine.

Ad Age is based in New York City. Its parent company, the Detroit-based Crain Communications, is a privately held publishing company with more than 30 magazines, including Autoweek, Crain's New York Business, Crain's Chicago Business, Crain's Detroit Business, and Automotive News.
Mint stamp
In philately, a mint stamp is one which is unused, has never been mounted and has the original gum, (if issued with gum). The term applies equally to postage stamps and revenue stamps.

In practice, the term is used within philately to refer to any stamp that appears to be unused with gum. It also includes those without gum but only when they have been issued without gum.

To avoid confusion the various states of mint can be distinguished in the abbreviations stated under "Variations".

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Juan Gabriel Vásquez
Juan Gabriel Vásquez (born 1973) is a Colombian writer, journalist and translator. He has written many  novels, short stories, literary essays, and numerous articles of political commentary.

His novel The Sound of Things Falling, published in Spanish in 2011, won the Alfaguara Novel Prize and the 2014 International Dublin Literary Award, among other prizes. His novels have been published in 28 languages. In 2012, after living in Europe for sixteen years, in Paris, the Belgian Ardennes, and Barcelona, Vásquez moved with his family back to Bogotá.

Héctor Abad Faciolince
Héctor Abad Faciolince (born 1958) is a Colombian novelist, essayist, journalist, and editor who also holds Spanish citizenship.  Abad is considered one of the most talented post-Latin American Boom writers in Latin American literature. Abad is best known for his bestselling novel Angosta and, more recently, El Olvido que Seremos (t. Oblivion: A Memoir).
Unconsciousness
Unconsciousness is a state in which a living individual exhibits a complete, or near-complete, inability to maintain an awareness of self and environment or to respond to any human or environmental stimulus. Unconsciousness may occur as the result of traumatic brain injury, brain hypoxia (inadequate oxygen, possibly due to a brain infarction or cardiac arrest), severe intoxication with drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system (e.g., alcohol and other hypnotic or sedative drugs), severe fatigue, pain, anaesthesia, and other causes.

Loss of consciousness should not be confused with the notion of the psychoanalytic unconscious, cognitive processes that take place outside awareness (e.g., implicit cognition), and with altered states of consciousness such as sleep, delirium, hypnosis, and other altered states in which the person responds to stimuli, including trance and psychedelic experiences.

Altered state of consciousness
An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called an altered state of mind, altered mental status (AMS) or mind alteration, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".
Single-player video game
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes.

Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The Unreal Tournament series is one example of such.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Linford Wood
Linford Wood is a 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Linford in Thurrock, Essex. It is owned and managed by Thurrock Council.

The site has mixed woodland, a willow plantation, hedges, ditches and an open area. Birds include tawny owls, great spotted woodpeckers and green woodpeckers. It is part of the Thurrock Thameside Nature Park.

There is access from East Tilbury Road.

Linford, Essex
Linford, historically known as Muckingford, is a village in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. Located around 3 miles north-east from Tilbury Town, it is bordered directly by East Tilbury to its south and also faces Mucking in the north-east. It had a population of 1,700 at the 2021 census.
Lašva Valley counteroffensive
Lašva Valley Counteroffensive (April–July 1993) was a series of ARBiH offensives in central Bosnia during the Bosnian War, most notably the capture of Travnik and subsequent advances toward Zenica and Kakanj. The counteroffensive marked a turning point in central Bosnia when Bosnian government forces regained the initiative after months of being cut off and fighting on multiple fronts.

Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Травник) is a city located in the Central Bosnia Canton within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of the 2013 census, it had a population of 9,008, while the entire municipality had 23,832 inhabitants. The city is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse demographic composition, primarily consisting of Bosniaks and Croats.
The Emperor's Birthday
Emperor's Birthday (Japanese: 天皇誕生日, Hepburn: Tennō tanjōbi) is an annual public holiday in Japan celebrating the birthday of the reigning emperor, which is currently 23 February as Emperor Naruhito was born on that day in 1960. It is enforced by the Emperor Abdication Law passed in 2017.

Empress of Japan
The empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.