hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Political debates about the United States federal budget
Political debates about the United States federal budget discusses some of the more significant U.S. budgetary debates of the 21st century. These include the causes of debt increases, the impact of tax cuts, specific events such as the United States fiscal cliff, the effectiveness of stimulus, and the impact of the Great Recession, among others. The article explains how to analyze the U.S. budget as well as the competing economic schools of thought that support the budgetary positions of the major parties.

Congressional Budget Office
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress. It is headquartered at the Ford House Office Building in Washington, DC. Inspired by California's Legislative Analyst's Office that manages the state budget in a strictly nonpartisan fashion, the CBO was created as a nonpartisan agency by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

Whereas politicians on both sides of the aisle have criticized the CBO when its estimates have been politically inconvenient, economists and other academics overwhelmingly reject that the CBO is partisan or that it fails to produce credible forecasts. There is a consensus among economists that "adjusting for legal restrictions on what the CBO can assume about future legislation and events, the CBO has historically issued credible forecasts of the effects of both Democratic and Republican legislative proposals."
Palawan hornbill
The Palawan hornbill (Anthracoceros marchei) is a large forest bird endemic to the Philippines.  It is one of the 11 endemic hornbills in the country. It is only found in Palawan and the nearby islands of Balabac, Busuanga, Calauit, Culion and Coron.  It is locally known as "talusi" in the language Cuyunon. It is threatened by habitat loss, hunting and trapping for the cage-bird trade.

It is illegal to hunt, capture or possess these birds under Philippine Law RA 9147.

Casque (anatomy)
A casque is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. In addition, they may be used in combat with other members of the same species, in the gathering of food, or in thermoregulation.
Reading Blue Coat School
Reading Blue Coat School is a co-educational private day school in Holme Park, Sonning, Berkshire. It is situated beside the River Thames, and was established in 1646 by Richard Aldworth, who named it "Aldworth's Hospital". Aldworth founded a near-identical school in Basingstoke in the same year.

Temposhark
Temposhark was an English electronic rock band, formed in London and Brighton by singer-songwriter Robert Diament and one-time music producer Luke Busby. Temposhark were best known for their songs "Bye Bye Baby", "Joy", "It's Better To Have Loved" and "Not That Big", a duet with singer Imogen Heap which appeared on their 2008 debut album, The Invisible Line. Their second album, Threads, was released in 2010 and reached the top 15 on the iTunes UK electronic albums chart. Other notable artist collaborations include Guy Sigsworth, Sean McGhee, Youth from Killing Joke, Kate Havnevik, Melnyk, Camille, MaJiKer, Morgan Page, Avril and the virtuoso violinist Sophie Solomon. Temposhark's music has been featured in numerous television programmes, including the US advertising campaign for British TV series Downton Abbey in 2011.
Guevaria
Guevaria is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

Guevaria alvaroi R.M.King & H.Rob.

Guevaria loxensis (S.F.Blake & Steyerm.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

Guevaria micranthera H.Rob.

Guevaria sodiroi (Hieron. ex Sodiro) R.M.King & H.Rob.

Guevaria vargasii (Chung) R.M.King & H.Rob.

Guevaria alvaroi
Guevaria alvaroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
WSHM-LD
WSHM-LD (channel 33) is a low-power television station in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Gray Media alongside ABC/Fox/MyNetworkTV affiliate WGGB-TV (channel 40). The two stations share studios on Liberty Street in Springfield; WSHM-LD's transmitter is located on Mount Tom in Holyoke.

Although considered a separate station in its own right, WSHM-LD is actually operated as a semi-satellite of WFSB (channel 3) in Hartford–New Haven, Connecticut. WSHM-LD clears all network programming as provided through its parent station, but airs a separate lineup of syndicated programming, as well as separate commercial inserts and its own legal identifications. Master control and some internal operations are based at WFSB's studios on Denise D'Ascenzo Way in Rocky Hill, Connecticut.

Spectrum (brand)
Spectrum is the trade name of Charter Communications. The name is widely used by both market consumers and commercial businesses. Services that Spectrum offers include cable television, internet access, internet security, managed services, mobile phone, and unified communications.

The Spectrum brand name was introduced in 2014. Prior to that, these services were marketed primarily under the Charter brand. Following the acquisitions of Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks by Charter in 2016, these operations also merged into the Spectrum brand.
Springuel
The Springuel was a Belgian automobile manufactured from 1907 until 1912 by the Société anonyme des automobiles Springuel. It was a 24 hp pair-cast four, built in small numbers.

The company was founded by Jules Springuel-Wilmotte in Huy and merged with Impéria Automobiles in 1912. The 1911 12 hp won the Grand Prix of Belgium in 1913.

Huy
Huy (French: [ɥi] ⓘ or [wi] ⓘ; Dutch: Hoei [ɦui] ⓘ; Walloon: Hu) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. Huy lies along the river Meuse, at the mouth of the small river Hoyoux. It is in the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to the Walloon population.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ben-Ahin, Huy, Neuville-sous-Huy, and Tihange.
Recurse (album)
Recurse is the debut studio album released by American electro-industrial band Finite Automata.  It was released on December 29, 2012, by Beyond Therapy Records in digital format, and released on compact disc on February 22, 2013.

The album features reworked and re-recorded material from the group's previous demo-release Here Won No One, as well as reworked material written between 2007 and 2010. Its name is a reference to the computer science concept of recursion, and alludes to conflict that feeds back into itself.

Here Won No One
Here Won No One is the first EP release by American electro-industrial band Finite Automata.  It was released on November 3, 2011 by Beyond Therapy Records in digital format and compact disc.

The EP's title is a play on the swine flu designation H1N1, The title track is heavily critical of the American healthcare system, in particular, for-profit healthcare. The EP was originally self recorded and released and then re-issued through the band's label Beyond Therapy Records. Although praised by many as a "throwback" to early electro-industrial music, it was criticized for its lack of production quality due to its self-released nature. Many of the tracks from this release would be later reworked on the band's follow-up full length Album Recurse.
Groudle Glen railway station
Groudle Glen station  (Manx: Stashoon Raad Yiarn Ghlion Ghroudal) is the first mandatory stopping point and major station on the Manx Electric Railway which serves the village of Groudle Glen in the Isle of Man, and is situated between Groudle Lane and Eskadale on the route to Laxey and Ramsey.

Groudle Lane halt
Groudle Lane halt (Manx: stadd Lhoan Groudal) (sometimes referred to as "Groudle Cottages" or "Groudle Village" in literature) is a request stop on the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man, located below the line's first summit on the descent into the nearby valley of the same name.
Rudolph, Count of Ponthieu
Count Rudolph (or Rudolf) of Ponthieu (died 866) was a son of Welf (also Hwelf or Welf I) by Hedwig of Bavaria, and thus a brother of Judith of Bavaria and wife of Emperor Louis the Pious. Through Judith's influence, her brother Rudolph acquired and became lay abbot of the abbeys of Saint Riquier and Jumieges.

In April 830, Frankish nobility revolted against Emperor Louis in order to "liberate" him from the influence of his wife Judith. Louis was placed under house arrest, whilst Judith and her brothers Rudolph and Conrad I, Count of Auxerre, were imprisoned in Aquitanian monasteries. The two brothers were later freed when their nephew Charles the Bald assumed the throne.

Judith of Bavaria (died 843)
Judith of Bavaria (c. 797-805 – 19 April 843) was the Carolingian empress as the second wife of Louis the Pious. Marriage to Louis marked the beginning of her rise as an influential figure in the Carolingian court. She had two children with Louis, Gisela and Charles the Bald. The birth of her son led to a major dispute over the imperial succession, and tensions between her and Charles' half-brothers from Louis' first marriage. She eventually fell from grace when Charles' wife, Ermentrude of Orléans, rose to power. She was buried in 843 in Tours.
Simple Green
Simple Green is an American brand of cleaning products produced by Sunshine Makers, Inc. Their best known product is Simple Green All-Purpose Cleaner, which totaled sales of at least US $5.7 million in 2004.

It is advertised as an environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable cleaner. A prior formulation received critical attention from environmental safety activists because of the toxicity concerns of 2-butoxyethanol (EGBE), which was in the formula at under 4%. As of 2013, 2-butoxyethanol has been removed from Simple Green all-purpose cleaner, so now it has an NFPA/HMIS rating of 0/minimal for Health, Fire, Reactivity, and Special. Its main competitors are Lysol, Clorox, and Windex.

2-Butoxyethanol
2-Butoxyethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula BuOC2H4OH (Bu = CH3CH2CH2CH2). This colorless liquid has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol. As a relatively nonvolatile, inexpensive solvent, it is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as a surfactant. It is a known respiratory irritant and can be acutely toxic, but animal studies have not found it to be mutagenic, and no studies suggest it is a human carcinogen. A study of 13 classroom air contaminants conducted in Portugal reported a statistically significant association with increased rates of nasal obstruction and a positive association below the level of statistical significance with a higher risk of obese asthma and increased body mass index.
Reinsvoll Station
Reinsvoll Station (Norwegian: Reinsvoll stasjon) is located on the Gjøvik Line at Reinsvoll in Vestre Toten Municipality, Norway.

The station was opened on 23 December 1901 as Reinsvolden. From 28 November 1902 it was renamed Reinsvold, and from April 1921 it received the current name. Until 1987, it also served as the terminal station of the Skreia Line. It has a waiting room with limited open hours.

Vestre Toten Municipality
Vestre Toten is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Toten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Raufoss. Other villages in the municipality include Bøverbru, Eina, and Reinsvoll.

The 250.7-square-kilometre (96.8 sq mi) municipality is the 288th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vestre Toten Municipality is the 90th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,649. The municipality's population density is 54.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (141/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.7% over the previous 10-year period.
A Philip Roth Reader
A Philip Roth Reader is a selection of writings by Philip Roth first published in 1980 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, with a revised version reprinted in 1993 by Vintage Books. It includes selections from Roth's first eight novels (up to The Ghost Writer), along with the previously uncollected story "Novotny's Pain" and the essay-story "Looking at Kafka."

The selections were made and arranged by Roth himself. They include a revised version of The Breast.

The book provides "a solid introduction to his fiction", including "many of the best episodes from his best novels". The Glasgow Herald praised its riches, but suggested that readers should take it in small doses.

Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger Williams Straus Jr. and John C. Farrar. FSG is known for publishing literary books, and its authors have won numerous awards, including Pulitzer Prizes, National Book Awards, and Nobel Prizes. Since 1993, the publisher has been a division of Macmillan, whose parent company is the German publishing conglomerate Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.
Pierre Womé
Pierre Nlend Womé (born 26 March 1979) is a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as a left-back. A journeyman, he played for 14 clubs in six countries. At international level, he made 68 FIFA-official appearances scoring 1 goal for the Cameroon national team.

Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics
The 2000 Football at the Summer Olympics tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics started on 13 September. The men's tournament is played by U-23 (under 23 years old) national teams, with up to three over age players allowed per squad. Article 1 of the tournament regulations states: "The Tournaments take place every four years, in conjunction with the Summer Olympic Games. The associations affiliated to FIFA are invited to participate with their men's U-23 and women's representative teams."
52nd Street station (BMT Fifth Avenue Line)
The 52nd Street station was a station on the demolished section of the BMT Fifth Avenue Line in Brooklyn, New York City. It was served by trains of the BMT Fifth Avenue Line, it had 2 tracks and 1 island platform. The station was opened on October 1, 1893, at the intersection of Third Avenue and 52nd Street. The next stop to the north was 46th Street. The next stop to the south was 58th Street. It closed on May 31, 1940. Current rapid transit service in this area can be found one block east and then another block south at the 53rd Street station on the underground BMT Fourth Avenue Line.

53rd Street station (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)
The 53rd Street station is a local station on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at 53rd Street and Fourth Avenue in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, it is served by the R train at all times. The N train also stops here during late nights, and some rush-hour W trains stop here.

The 53rd Street station was constructed as part of the Fourth Avenue Line, which was approved in 1905. Construction on the segment of the line that includes 53rd Street started on March 15, 1913, and was completed in 1915. The station opened on September 22, 1915, after the opening of the initial portion of the BMT Fourth Avenue Line to 59th Street. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1926–1927, and again during a renovation in 1968–1970. The station was renovated again in 2017.
James F. Fairman
James Ferdinand Fairman (April 8, 1896 – April 25, 1967) was an American electrical engineer who received the IEEE Edison Medal in 1959 for "outstanding performance in improving the design of large electric power systems; for far-sighted leadership in atomic power development; and for unremitting efforts to improve the engineering profession".

IEEE Edison Medal
The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering, or the electrical arts." It is the oldest medal in this field of engineering.   The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate, and honorarium.  The medal may only be awarded to a new leap/breakthrough in the technological area of science.
Saginaw, Alabama
Saginaw is an unincorporated community 2.5 miles north of Calera in Shelby County, Alabama, United States with zip code 35137. It is part of the Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman Combined Statistical Area. It is located southeast of Alabaster on the east side of Interstate 65 at the intersection of State Route 70 and U.S. Route 31.

Saginaw is the home of the Saginaw Pipe Company, Inc., a major supplier of steel pipe, beams, tubing, and plate, and Carmeuse Lime & Stone's Longview Operation (formerly Dravo Lime Company), a limestone quarry and calcining plant.

Alabaster, Alabama
Alabaster is a city and southern suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 33,284. Alabaster is the 16th largest city in Alabama by number of residents.
2019 Bommarito Automotive Group 500
The 2019 Bommarito Automotive Group 500 was the fifteenth round of the 2019 IndyCar Series season, contested over 248 laps at the 1.25-mile (2 km) World Wide Technology Raceway in Madison, Illinois. Pole position was won by Josef Newgarden, his third pole of the season. Takuma Sato would go on to win the race, his 2nd win of the season and 5th of his career.

2019 IndyCar Series
The 2019 NTT IndyCar Series was the 24th season of the IndyCar Series and the 108th official championship season of American open-wheel racing. The premier event was the 2019 Indianapolis 500, with Will Power entering as the defending winner. Honda entered as the defending Manufacturers' Cup champion. Scott Dixon entered the season as the defending National Champion.

Josef Newgarden won his second Drivers' Championship, while Honda won the Manufacturers' Championship for the second year in a row, and it was the manufacturer's first championship of the Reiwa era. Rookie of the Year honors went to Felix Rosenqvist.
Gmina Bircza
Gmina Bircza is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Bircza, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) south-west of Przemyśl and 51 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 254.49 square kilometres (98.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,602 (6,746 in 2013).

Przemyśl County
Przemyśl County (Polish: powiat przemyski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Przemyśl, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county).

The county covers an area of 1,213.73 square kilometres (468.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 74,234.
B. D. Ganapathy
Bācamāḍa Ḍevaiah Gaṇapati (1920–1997) was an Indian writer, scholar and journalist writing in English, Kannada and Kodava Takk, covering religion, anthropology and philosophy. He is particularly noted for his coverage of the Kodagu (Coorg) region and the Kodava ethno-linguistic group, his own birthplace and community.

Kodava people
The Kodavas (Codavas or Kodagas), also called Coorgs, are an endogamous Dravidian ethnolinguistic group from the region of Kodagu in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, who natively speak the Kodava language.
 Kodavas worship ancestors, nature, and weapons such as swords, bows, arrows, and later guns.

They are traditionally land-owning agriculturists and patrilineal, with martial customs. Originally small landholders, they gained relative prosperity with the advent of coffee cultivation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The Kodava tribe forms the single largest caste in the district of Kodagu; they are reportedly over 30% of Kodagu's Hindu population, and play a major role in deciding the political candidates and winners there. The Kodava tribe also forms more than 60 percent of the Kodava-speaking population.

Kodavas are the only ethnic group in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.
Omaha Mavericks men's basketball
The Omaha Mavericks men's basketball team, also called the Nebraska–Omaha Mavericks, represents the University of Nebraska Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The Mavericks compete in The Summit League. Led by head coach Chris Crutchfield, they play their games at the on-campus Baxter Arena, which they moved to at the start of the 2015–16 season.

The 2015–16 season was also the first in which they were eligible for the NCAA tournament, NIT, or Summit League tournament; they had been ineligible during the school's four-year transition from Division II to Division I, which began in the 2011–12 season. During this period, they made one appearance in the CIT, a tournament which is not directly sponsored by the NCAA, in 2014. They made their first ever appearance in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2025 after winning the Summit League tournament.

Baxter Arena
Baxter Arena (original working name UNO Community Arena) is a sports arena in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Owned and operated by the University of Nebraska Omaha, it serves as the home of several of the university's intercollegiate athletic teams, known as the Omaha Mavericks. The arena opened to the public on October 23, 2015, when the hockey team defeated Air Force 4–2.
Leonid Murzin
Leonid Nikolayevich Murzin (Russian: Леони́д Никола́евич Мурзи́н, IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲit nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ mʊrˈzʲin]; May 27, 1930 – October 13, 1996) was a Soviet and Russian linguist, the Dean of philological faculty at Perm State University (1964–1967), the founder and the head of General and Slavonic linguistics department at Perm State University; the head of Perm derivatology school; he founded the Institute of dynamic linguistics. Perm derivatology school encouraged the development of such linguistic school as "Computer based simulation of verbal communication".

Perm State University
Perm State University (now Perm State National Research University; Russian: Пермский университет, Пермский государственный университет, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,  romanised: Permskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, Permskiy gosudarstvennyy natsionalynyy issledovatelskyy universitet) or PSU, PSNRU (Russian: ПГУ, ПГНИУ, romanised: PGU, PGNIU), is located in the city of Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. Founded in 1916, it claims to be one of the oldest universities in the Ural and eastern territories of Russia. Its current rector is Dmitriy Krasilnikov.
Frances Hyland (screenwriter)
Frances Hyland (born Frances Christine Moore, September 19, 1903; date of death unknown) was an American screenwriter active between the late 1920s and the late 1940s. She was the first woman hired as a "gagman" at a film studio, and she wrote dozens of comedic scripts over the course of her career.

The Sin of Nora Moran
The Sin of Nora Moran is a 1933 American pre-Code melodrama and proto-noir film directed by Phil Goldstone. It is based on the short story "Burnt Offering" by W. Maxwell Goodhue. The film is also known as Voice from the Grave (American reissue title). Since the protagonist is put to death for a crime she did not commit, some see the film as an argument against capital punishment.

The painting for the movie poster is by Peruvian artist Alberto Vargas, who was working in the United States. He later became known for his images of the "Vargas Girls".