hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Santa Giustina
Santa Giustina is a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 miles) northwest of Venice and about 15 km (9 mi) southwest of Belluno.

Santa Giustina borders the following municipalities: Cesiomaggiore, Lentiai, Mel, San Gregorio nelle Alpi, Sedico, Sospirolo.
Mount Pizzocco is located nearby.

Sospirolo
Sospirolo is a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Venice and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Belluno.Sospirolo has an area of 65.86 km² area and a population density of 46.64 per km² with an annual population change of -0.40%(2011-2023).
The Lightning Saga
"The Lightning Saga" is a comic book crossover story arc that took place in DC Comics' two flagship team books: Justice League of America and Justice Society of America. It was written by Brad Meltzer and Geoff Johns, and illustrated by Ed Benes, Dale Eaglesham, and Shane Davis. It is notable for re-introducing the Legion of Super-Heroes in the post-Infinite Crisis era.

This crossover would also be the beginning of DC's three year reinvention of the Legion, with the next part occurring in the Action Comics story "Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes" and culminating in Final Crisis: Legion of Three Worlds.

Action Comics
Action Comics is an American comic book/magazine series that introduced Superman, one of the first major superhero characters. The publisher was originally known as Detective Comics Inc., which later merged into National Comics Publications (later National Periodical Publications), before taking on its current name of DC Comics. Its original incarnation ran from 1938 to 2011 and stands as one of the longest-running comic books with consecutively numbered issues. The second volume of Action Comics beginning with issue #1 ran from 2011 to 2016. Action Comics returned to its original numbering beginning with issue #957 (Aug. 2016).
Filder
The Filder (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪldɐ] ⓘ; plural) – also Filder Plain (German: Filderebene) – is a natural region (major unit no. 106) of the Swabian Keuper-Lias Land within the South German Scarplands.

They form a gently rolling, fertile plateau in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, which extends over the western half of the county of Esslingen and the southern part of the borough of the state capital of Stuttgart. Geologically it was formed by the transformation of a fault zone from the Lias period.

South German Scarplands
The South German Scarplands is a geological and geomorphological natural region or landscape in Switzerland and the south German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The landscape is characterised by escarpments.
Hige Danshaku
Hige Danshaku (髭男爵; lit. "The Bearded Baron") is a manzai duo whose theme is that of a French-born Japanese nobleman (Louis Yamada LIII) and his butler (Higuchi-kun). The group are signed as talent of the Sun Music Productions entertainment company. In addition to their comedy careers, they also act. After both voiced main characters in the anime series Tentai Senshi Sunred (Yamada LIII as Vamp and Higuchi-kun as Combat Goon #1), Yamada LIII began appearing in a regular role in the tokusatsu series Tensou Sentai Goseiger. Higuchi-kun will appear as an announcer in the Goseiger film Epic on the Movie. The duo also serves as spokesmen for Sumitomo Realty & Development.

Manzai
Manzai (漫才) is a traditional style of comedy in Japanese culture comparable to double act comedy.

Manzai usually involves two performers (manzaishi)—a straight man (tsukkomi) and a funny man (boke)—trading jokes at great speed. Most of the jokes revolve around mutual misunderstandings, double-talk, puns and other verbal gags.

In 1933, Yoshimoto Kogyo, a large entertainment conglomerate based in Osaka, introduced Osaka-style manzai to Tokyo audiences and coined the term "漫才" (one of several ways of writing the word manzai in Japanese; see § Etymology below). In recent times, manzai has often been associated with the Osaka region, and manzai comedians often speak in the Kansai dialect during their acts.
Constrictotermes
Constrictotermes is a genus of Neotropical higher termites within the subfamily Nasutitermitinae. They form large open-air foraging columns from which they travel to and from their sources of food, similar to the Indomalayan species of processionary termites. Species of this genus commonly build epigeal or arboreal nests and feed on a variety of lichens, rotted woods and mosses.

Termitidae
Termitidae is the largest family of termites consisting of 2,125 described species of which are commonly known as the higher termites. They are evolutionarily the most specialised termite group, with their highly compartmentalized hindgut lacking the flagellated protozoans common to "lower termites", which are instead replaced by bacteria and archaea. Whereas lower termites are restricted mostly to woody tissue, higher termites have diverse diets consisting of wood, grass, leaf litter, fungi, lichen, faeces, humus and soil. Around 60% of species rely on soil-feeding alone.
Neotrirachodon
Neotrirachodon is an extinct genus of therapsids which existed in Russia during the Middle Triassic period. Its type and only species is Neotrirachodon expectatus.

It is known from a jaw fossil consisting of the left dentary with postcanines. It was recovered from the Donguz Formation, Orenburg Oblast of Russia. The fossil was first described as belonging to the genus Antecosuchus (as Antecosuchus ochevi), but in 2002 it was placed in its own monotypic genus.

It has tentatively been classified as a trirachodontid gomphodont pending further fossil discoveries. Gomphodonts were a group of herbivorous cynodonts which lived during the Triassic. If correct, it would be the first trirachodontid described from Russia.

Its classification remains uncertain, however. Other studies treat it as an incertae sedis gomphodont, while others propose that it is more likely to be a bauriid therocephalian rather than a trirachodontid.

Donguz Formation
The Donguz Formation, Donguz Svita, or Donguz Rocks (Russian: Донгузские скалы) is a Middle Triassic geological formation that crops out on the right bank of Donguz River in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, across the settlement of Pervomaisky. The formation is equivalent to a biostratigraphic unit, the Donguz Gorizont. It is famous for its rich collection of the fossils of Middle Triassic tetrapods.

It is a nature monument (особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ)).
Gemology
Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Zhenzhou, Sichuan
Zhenzhou (镇舟镇) is a town in Junlian County, Yibin city, Sichuan, China. In August 2019, Gaokan Township was abolished, and its administrative area was placed under the jurisdiction of Zhenzhou Town.

Zhenzhou Town administers the following areas:

Xingxun Community, Jinzhong Village, Majia Village, Yunling Village, Zhengxing Village, Qianjin Village, Jingyang Village, Jianfeng Village, Wuxing Village, Hongqi Village, Shunli Village. The Town People’s Government is located in Xingxun Community.

Junlian County
Junlian County (simplified Chinese: 筠连县; traditional Chinese: 筠連縣; pinyin: Jūnlián Xiàn)  is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Yibin city. At the end of 2019 it has a population of 450,176 of which 151,322 in the urban area. It is one of the most important coal mining areas of Sichuan.
2023 Gold Coast Tennis International
The 2023 Gold Coast Tennis International is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the first edition of the tournament which is part of the 2023 ITF Men's World Tennis Tour and 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Gold Coast, Australia between 27 November and 3 December 2023.

Gold Coast Tennis International
The Gold Coast Tennis International is a tournament for professional male and female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit and Men's Circuit. The event is classified as a $60,000 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour and a $25,000 ITF Men's World Tennis Tour tournament and has been held in Gold Coast, Australia, since 2023. The women's tournament held regularly in late November.
Science and technology in Portugal
Science and technology in Portugal is mainly conducted within a network of research and development (R&D) units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions. There are also non-state-run research institutions and some private R&D projects developed by companies.

Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal)
The Foundation for Science and Technology (Portuguese: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; FCT) is an organization within the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education in Portugal which evaluates and funds scientific research activities, in particular in the areas of natural sciences, exact sciences, social sciences and humanities. FCT was founded in 1997, succeeding the Junta Nacional de Investigação Científica e Tecnológica.
Kriška Vas
Kriška Vas (pronounced [ˈkɾiːʃka ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Kriška vas, in older sources also Križna Vas, German: Kreuzdorf) is a village south of Višnja Gora in the municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Višnja Gora
Višnja Gora (pronounced [ˈʋìːʃnja ˈɡɔ̀ːɾa] ⓘ; German: Weixelburg, also Weichselburg, Weichselberg) is a town in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. It is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Žabjek, Na Štacjonu, and Grintavec, as well as the former hamlet of Suhi Malen (German: Weixelbach).
Stone (UK Parliament constituency)
Stone was a constituency in Staffordshire in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was represented since its 1997 recreation by Sir Bill Cash, a Conservative. On 9 June 2023, he announced his intention to stand down at the 2024 general election.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to moderate boundary changes, it was reformed as Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge, and first contested at the 2024 general election.

Stone, Staffordshire
Stone is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Stafford in Staffordshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Stafford, 7 miles (11 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent and 15 miles (24 km) north of Rugeley. As a notable canal town, Stone is recognised for its rich history, originating from the early Bronze Age and continuing through the Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of the Trent and Mersey Canal shaping the town's development and local industry.

Originally governed as an urban district council and a rural district council, Stone became part of the Borough of Stafford in 1974. Over the years, the town has seen a steady growth in its population, which was recorded as 12,305 in the 1991 census, 14,555 in 2001 and 16,385 in 2011.
Eberbach Abbey
Eberbach Abbey (German: Kloster Eberbach) is a former Cistercian monastery in Eltville in the Rheingau, Germany. On account of its Romanesque and early Gothic buildings it is considered one of the most significant architectural heritage sites in Hesse.

In the winter of 1985/86 some of the interior scenes of the film The Name of the Rose were shot here. The abbey is a main venue of the annual Rheingau Musik Festival.

Rheingau
The Rheingau (German: [ˈʁaɪnɡaʊ] ⓘ; lit. 'Rhine County') is a region on the northern side of the Rhine between the German towns of Wiesbaden and Lorch near Frankfurt, reaching from the Western Taunus to the Rhine. It is situated in the German state of Hesse and is part of the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis administrative district. It is famous for Rheingau wines, especially the "Rheingauer Riesling," and its many taverns.
Sali Çekaj
Sali Çekaj (22 June 1956 – 19 April 1999) was a Kosovo Albanian political activist and commander of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo (FARK) and of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) who was killed during the Battle of Kosharë.

Deçan
Deçan (pronounced [dɛˈtʃan]; Albanian definite form: Deçani; Serbian: Дечани, pronounced [dɛ̌t͡ʃani]) is a town and municipality in the district of Gjakova, Kosovo. The municipality has an area of 293.94 km2 (113.49 sq mi) and it includes the town and 37 smaller settlements. According to the last census of 2024, the municipality has a population of 27,775.
Tailgate (album)
Tailgate is the debut studio album by American country music group Trailer Choir. It was released on July 6, 2010 via Show Dog-Universal Music. The album includes the single "Shakin' That Tailgate," as well as the songs "Rockin' the Beer Gut" and "Rollin' Through the Sunshine," previously released as singles from the trio's 2009 EP Off the Hillbilly Hook. The tracks "Off the Hillbilly Hook," "In My Next 5 Beers" and "Last Man Standing" were previously included on that EP as well.

"Wal-Mart Flowers" was previously released by Stephen Cochran in 2009.

Off the Hillbilly Hook
Off the Hillbilly Hook is an extended play released by the American country music group Trailer Choir. It was released on June 9, 2009 via Show Dog Nashville, now part of Show Dog-Universal Music. The album contains the singles "Off the Hillbilly Hook," "What Would You Say," "Rockin' the Beer Gut" and "Rollin' Through the Sunshine." These latter three songs all charted on Hot Country Songs between 2009 and 2010. "Rockin' the Beer Gut" also charted at number 12 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.
Vanderlei Luxemburgo
Vanderlei Luxemburgo da Silva (born 10 May 1952) is a retired former Brazilian professional football coach and player.

A left wingback, Luxemburgo represented Flamengo, Internacional and Botafogo before retiring in 1980. He subsequently became a coach and led Palmeiras, Corinthians, Cruzeiro and Santos to Série A titles, winning the tournament five times, a record total. In 2005 he worked at Real Madrid, but was dismissed in December of that year.

His surname is named after revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg.

1996 Campeonato Paulista
The 1996 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Profissional da Primeira Divisão - Série A1 was the 95th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the championship for the 21st time. Ferroviária, Novorizontino and XV de Jaú were relegated at the end of the season.
Peroxide value
Detection of peroxide gives the initial evidence of rancidity in unsaturated fats and oils. Other methods are available, but peroxide value is the most widely used. It gives a measure of the extent to which an oil sample has undergone primary oxidation; extent of secondary oxidation may be determined from p-anisidine test.

The double bonds found in fats and oils play a role in autoxidation. Oils with a high degree of unsaturation are most susceptible to autoxidation. The best test for autoxidation (oxidative rancidity) is determination of the peroxide value. Peroxides are intermediates in the autoxidation reaction.

Autoxidation is a free radical reaction involving oxygen that leads to deterioration of fats and oils which form off-flavours and off-odours. Peroxide value, concentration of peroxide in an oil or fat, is useful for assessing the extent to which spoilage has advanced.

Rancidification
Rancidification is the process of complete or incomplete autoxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture, or bacterial action, producing short-chain aldehydes, ketones and free fatty acids.

When these processes occur in food, undesirable odors and flavors can result. In processed meats these flavors are collectively known as warmed-over flavor. In certain cases the flavors can be desirable, as in aged cheeses.

Rancidification can detract from the nutritional value of food, as some vitamins are sensitive to oxidation.  Oxidative degradation also occurs in other hydrocarbons, including lubricating oils, fuels, and mechanical cutting fluids.
Kaynarca railway station
Kaynarca station (Turkish: Kaynarca istasyonu) is a railway station in the Kaynarca neighborhood of Pendik, Istanbul. The station was originally built in 1967 by the Turkish State Railways in anticipation of electric commuter rail service from Haydarpaşa to Gebze. The station was closed down 29 April 2012 and demolished shortly after. A new station was built in its place in 2014 as part of the rehabilitation of the railway for the Marmaray commuter rail system. The station was reopened on 12 March 2019.

Pendik
Pendik (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈpændic]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 190 km2, and its population is 750,435 (2022). It is on the Asian side between Kartal and Tuzla, on the Marmara Sea. It also neighbours Sultanbeyli, Sancaktepe and Çekmeköy from northwest, Şile from north and Gebze from northeast. The district is home to the Sabiha Gökçen International Airport.

During the Roman, Byzantine and Latin Empire periods, the coastal town was known as Pantichium.
Carlos Cuéllar
Carlos Javier Cuéllar Jiménez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾlos ˈkweʎaɾ]; born 23 August 1981) is a Spanish former professional footballer. Mainly a central defender, he could also operate as a right-back.

Penalty card
Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official. Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offence. The official will hold the card above their head while looking or pointing toward the player who has committed the offence. This action makes the decision clear to all players, as well as spectators and other officials in a manner that is language-neutral. The colour or shape of the card used by the official indicates the type or seriousness of the offence and the level of punishment that is to be applied. Yellow and red cards are the most common, typically indicating, respectively, cautions and dismissals.
Cavenagh, South Australia
Cavenagh  is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 247 kilometres (153 mi) north of the state capital of Adelaide and about 37 kilometres (23 mi) north-east of the municipal seat in Peterborough.

Cavenagh ’s boundaries were created on 31 August 2000 for the “local established name” which is derived from the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Cavenagh and which aligns with those of the hundred.  The locality includes the site of the now-ceased Government Town of Thornton which was gazetted on 1 December 1881 and which “ceased to exist” on 23 May 1963.

Land use within the locality is ’primary production’ and is concerned with “agricultural production and the grazing of stock on relatively large holdings.”

Cavenagh is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Stuart and the local government area of the District Council of Peterborough.

Peterborough, South Australia
Peterborough is a town in the mid north of South Australia, in wheat country, just off the Barrier Highway. It was originally named Petersburg after the landowner, Peter Doecke, who sold land to create the town. It was one of 69 places in South Australia renamed in 1917 due to anti-German sentiments during World War I.
NGC 165
NGC 165 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1882 by Wilhelm Tempel and was described by as "faint, large, star in centre, eastern of 2" by John Louis Emil Dreyer.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 165: SN 2021acnz (type Ib, mag. 19.2).

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Rafael Palmeiro
Rafael Palmeiro Corrales (born September 24, 1964) is a Cuban-American former baseball first baseman and left fielder. He played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for three teams. Palmeiro was an All-American at Mississippi State University before being drafted by the Chicago Cubs in 1985. He played for the Cubs (1986–1988), Texas Rangers (1989–1993, 1999–2003), and the Baltimore Orioles (1994–1998, 2004–2005).

He was named to the MLB All-Star Team four times, and won the Gold Glove three times. He is one of only seven players in MLB history to be a member of both the 500 home run club and the 3,000 hit club. Days after recording his 3,000th hit, Palmeiro received a 10-game suspension for testing positive for an anabolic steroid.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Polavaram Assembly constituency
Polavaram Assembly constituency is a Scheduled Tribe reserved constituency in Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Eluru Lok Sabha constituency.

Chirri Balaraju is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Jana Sena Party.  The constituency was established in 1955, as per the Delimitation Orders (1955).

Eluru district
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in  the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Eluru is its administrative headquarters. It is  formed from  from erstwhile West Godavari and  Krishna districts on 4 April 2022. It was restructured on 16 February 2023 with the transfer of Ganapavaram mandal to West Godavari district