hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 5010
NGC 5010 is a lenticular galaxy located about 140 million light years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by John Herschel on May 9, 1831. It is considered a Luminous Infrared Galaxy (LIRG). As the galaxy has few young blue stars and mostly red old stars and dust, it is transitioning from being a spiral galaxy to being an elliptical galaxy, with its spiral arms having burned out and become dusty arms. From the perspective of Earth, the galaxy is facing nearly edge-on.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Dietrich von Saucken
Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Kasimir Dietrich von Saucken (16 May 1892 – 27 September 1980) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 2nd Army and the Army East Prussia. Turning down an offer to escape by air, he was taken prisoner by the Red Army in May 1945. Saucken was the last officer to be awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds of Nazi Germany.

Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)
The Military Merit Cross (German: Militärverdienstkreuz, Hungarian: Katonai Érdemkereszt, Croatian: Vojni križ za zasluge) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria and, after the establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867, the Empire of Austria-Hungary.  It was first established on October 22, 1849 and underwent several revisions to its design and award criteria over the years of its existence.  It became obsolete in 1918 with the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres
These are the official results of the Men's 10,000 metres event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. There were a total number of 41 participating athletes. The event took place between 3 and 6 August.  The winning margin was 18.68 seconds.

Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics
At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, 41 events in athletics were contested. There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries. Women's marathon, women's 3000 meters, and women's 400 meters hurdles debuted at these Games.
7th Algerian Tirailleurs Regiment
The 7th Algerian Tirailleurs Regiment was an infantry unit of the French Army, part of the Army of Africa.

Active between 1913 and 1946, the unit is one of the most decorated of the French Army. The regiment distinguished itself in World War I, when the unit was cited six times at the orders of the armed forces and awarded the Légion d'honneur. During World War II, it was part of the 3rd Algerian Infantry Division (3e DIA), notably in the Italian campaign with the French Expeditionary Corps of General Alphonse Juin, and was cited three times at the orders of the armed forces

Dissolved in 1964, the regiment became the 170th Infantry Regiment (French: 170e RI).

Second Battle of Champagne
The Second Battle of Champagne (French: Bataille de Champagne, German: Herbstschlacht, [Autumn Battle]) in the First World War was a French offensive against the German army in Champagne that coincided with the Third Battle of Artois in the north and ended in a German victory.
Vaitele
Vaitele is a town on the Samoan island of Upolu. It is located on the central-north coast of the island, to the west of the capital Apia.  It’s not to be confused with the far smaller Vailele. Its neighboring villages are Vaigaga, Elisefou, Vaiusu, Talimatau, Vailoa, and Emau.

Vaitele has an estimated population of 7,972 according to the 2016 census.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
Juliana Hatfield Sings The Police
Juliana Hatfield Sings The Police is a covers album by American alternative rock artist Juliana Hatfield, covering British rock band The Police. The album has been positively received by critics. It is the second of three such albums by Hatfield, following 2018's Juliana Hatfield Sings Olivia Newton-John and preceding 2023's Juliana Hatfield Sings ELO.

Ghost in the Machine (album)
Ghost in the Machine is the fourth studio album by the English rock band the Police. The album was released on 2 October 1981 by A&M Records. The songs were recorded between January and September 1981 during sessions that took place at AIR Studios in Montserrat and Le Studio in Quebec, assisted by record producer Hugh Padgham.

Ghost in the Machine topped the UK Albums Chart and peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200. The album produced the highly successful singles "Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic", "Invisible Sun", and "Spirits in the Material World", with a fourth single, "Secret Journey", also being released in the US. Ghost in the Machine was listed at number 322 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album was reissued in 1983 on CD.
Northumberland Zoo
Northumberland Zoo is a family-run, not-for-profit zoo located in Felton, Northumberland, England. It occupies about 20 acres and is home to more than 80 species, ranging from tiny harvest mice to snow leopards.

European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) is an organisation for the European zoo and aquarium community that links over 340 member organisations in 41 countries. EAZA membership is open to all zoos and aquaria across Europe that comply with EAZA's standards. The organisation is administered and headquartered at Natura Artis Magistra in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The mission of the association is to promote cooperation for furthering regional collection planning and wildlife conservation. EAZA also promotes educational activities and advises EU lawmakers through standing committees of the European Parliament and the European Council.
Whangapoua Harbour
Whangapoua Harbour is a shallow natural harbour in the northeast of the Coromandel Peninsula.  It is located between Whangapoua in the north, Te Rerenga in the southwest, and Matarangi on the Omara Spit in the north separating it from the ocean. Two boat ramps and a jetty provide boat access into the harbour.

Coromandel Peninsula
36°50′S 175°35′E﻿ / ﻿36.833°S 175.583°E﻿ / -36.833; 175.583

The Coromandel Peninsula (Māori: Te Tara-o-te-Ika-a-Māui) on the North Island of New Zealand extends 85 kilometres (53 mi) north from the western end of the Bay of Plenty, forming a natural barrier protecting the Hauraki Gulf and the Firth of Thames in the west from the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its broadest point. Almost its entire population lives on the narrow coastal strips fronting the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty. In clear weather the peninsula is clearly visible from Auckland, the country's biggest city, which lies on the far shore of the Hauraki Gulf, 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the west. The peninsula is part of the Thames-Coromandel District and the Waikato Region.
Expert witness
An expert witness, particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as an expert. The judge may consider the witness's specialized (scientific, technical or other) opinion about evidence or about facts before the court within the expert's area of expertise, to be referred to as an "expert opinion". Expert witnesses may also deliver "expert evidence" within the area of their expertise. Their testimony may be rebutted by testimony from other experts or by other evidence or facts.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
Artem Levin
Artem Valeryevich Levin (Russian: Артё́м Вале́рьевич Ле́вин; born December 8, 1986), also known as Artem "The Lion" Levin, is a Russian middleweight Muay Thai kickboxer fighting out of Prokopyevsk.
He is the former Glory Middleweight Champion, as well as the former It's Showtime 77 MAX champion.
He was ranked as a top ten middleweight by Combat Press between September 2014 and March 2022, peaking at #1.

World Muaythai Council
The World Muaythai Council (WMC) is one of the oldest professional sanctioning organizations of Muaythai in the world for the sport. The organization was set up in 1995 by parliament resolution, and is incorporated by the Royal Thai Government and sanctioned by the Sports Authority of Thailand, under the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. The council has been charged with the responsibility for the expansion of Muaythai worldwide. This involves supporting youth interest and athletes to learn the skills of Muaythai.
2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 1000 metres
The 1000 metres distance for women in the 2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over eight races on six occasions, out of a total of eight World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 12–14 November 2010, and the final occasion also taking place in Heerenveen on 4–6 March 2011.

Heather Richardson of the United States won the cup, while defending champion Christine Nesbitt of Canada came second, and Margot Boer of the Netherlands came third.

2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup
The 2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup, officially the Essent ISU World Cup Speed Skating 2010–2011, was a series of  international speed skating competitions which ran the entire season. The season started on 12 November 2010 in Heerenveen, Netherlands, and ended on 6 March 2011, also in Heerenveen. In total, eight competition weekends were held at seven different locations, ten cups were contested (five for men, and five for women), and 70 races took place.

The World Cup is organized by the International Skating Union (ISU).
Euryanax
Euryanax (Ancient Greek: Εὐρυάναξ, Euryánax') "eury" meaning wandering, and "anax" meaning king in Dorian, was a son of the Spartan prince Dorieus of the Agiad dynasty, as well as a joint-commander with Pausanias at the Battle of Plataea.

Agiad dynasty
The Agiad dynasty (Ancient Greek: Ἀγιάδαι, Agiádai) was one of the two royal families of the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. They ruled jointly along with the Eurypontid dynasty, possibly from the 8th century BC onwards, being the senior of the two houses. The hypothetical founder of the dynasty was Agis I, possibly the first king of Sparta at the end of the 10th century BC, who subsequently gave his name to the dynasty. The two lines, who maintained an enduring rivalry, were, according to tradition, respectively descended from the twins Eurysthenes and Procles, both descendants of Heracles. The most famous member of the Agiad dynasty was Leonidas I, known for his heroic death at the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. The last Agiad king was Agesipolis III, deposed by the Eurypontid Lycurgus in 215 BC.
Robert Michels
Robert Michels (German: [ˈmɪçəls]; 9 January 1876 – 3 May 1936) was a German-born Italian sociologist who contributed to elite theory by describing the political behavior of intellectual elites. He belonged to the Italian school of elitism. He is known best for his book Political Parties, published in 1911, which contains a description of the "iron law of oligarchy".

Michels was a friend and disciple of Max Weber, Werner Sombart, and Achille Loria. Politically, he transitioned from the Social Democratic Party of Germany to the Italian Socialist Party, endorsing the Italian revolutionary syndicalist group and later Italian fascism. His ideas provided the basis of moderation theory, which specifies the processes by which radical political groups are incorporated into an existing political system.

Transaction Publishers
Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey–based publishing house that specialized in social science books and journals. It was located on the Livingston Campus of Rutgers University. Transaction was sold to Taylor & Francis in 2016 and merged with its Routledge imprint.
EuroBasket Women 1978
The 1978 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 1978, was the 16th regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Poland and took place from 20 May to 30 May 1978. Soviet Union won the gold medal and Yugoslavia the silver medal while Czechoslovakia won the bronze.

EuroBasket Women
EuroBasket Women is a biennial international women's basketball competition held between the nations of FIBA Europe for women's national teams. EuroBasket Women is also used as a qualifying tournament for the FIBA Women's World Cup and also the Olympic Games.
Odes of Solomon
The Odes of Solomon are a collection of 42 odes, anonymous but long attributed to Solomon. There used to be confusion among scholars on the dating of the Odes of Solomon; however, most scholars date it to somewhere between AD 70 and 125. The original language of the Odes is thought to have been either Greek or Syriac, and the majority of scholars believe it to have been written by a Jewish Christian, very likely a convert from the Essene community to Christianity, because it contains multiple similarities to writings found in Qumran and to the Gospel of John. Some have argued that the writer had even personally seen John the Baptist.

Some scholars have suggested a Gnostic origin, but this theory is not universally accepted.

Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch (/ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰγνάτιος Ἀντιοχείας, romanized: Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (Ἰγνάτιος ὁ Θεοφόρος, Ignátios ho Theophóros, 'the God-bearing'), was an early Christian writer and the Patriarch of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters. This correspondence forms a central part of a later collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers. He is considered one of the three most important of these, together with Clement of Rome and Polycarp. Although the authenticity of his letters has been questioned, they continue to serve as an example of early Christian theology, and address important topics including ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the role of bishops.
Dzhafar Kostoev
Dzhafar Beslanovich Kostoev (Russian: Джафар Бесланович Костоев, born 28 April 1999) is a Russian judoka who represents the United Arab Emirates on the international circuit. 2024 Olympian. 2018 Russian national champion. 2022 Asian champion.

2016 European Cadet Judo Championships
The 2016 European Cadet Judo Championships is an edition of the European Cadet Judo Championships, organised by the International Judo Federation. It was held in Vantaa, Finland from 1 to 3 July 2016. The final day of competition featured team events, with team Georgia winning the men's event and team France the women's.
High Rhön Road
The High Rhön Road (German: Hochrhönstraße) runs through the Bavarian Rhön from Bischofsheim an der Rhön to Fladungen (south to north). It bears the state road number St 2288, is 25 kilometres long, runs over the central highlands of the Rhön, known as the Long Rhön, and is an important communication link in the High Rhön. In winter the High Rhön Road in the Long Rhön is often closed due to heavy snowfall and winds that block the road with snowdrifts.

Rhön Mountains
The Rhön Mountains (German: [ˈʁøːn] ⓘ) are a group of low mountains (or Mittelgebirge) in central Germany, located around the border area where the states of Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia come together. These mountains, which are at the extreme southeast end of the East Hesse Highlands (Osthessisches Bergland), are partly a result of ancient volcanic activity. They are separated from the Vogelsberg Mountains by the river Fulda and its valley. The highest mountain in the Rhön is the Wasserkuppe (950.2 metres or 3,117 feet), which is in Hesse. The Rhön Mountains are a popular tourist destination and walking area.
Eochu Mumu
Eochu Mumu (or Eochaid Mumo, Mumho), son of Mofebis, son of Eochaid Faebar Glas, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. According to the Lebor Gabála Érenn he came to power after killing the previous incumbent, Fíachu Labrainne, who had killed his father in battle. The province of Munster is named after him. He ruled for 21 years, fighting many battles against the descendants of Érimón, before he was killed by Fíachu's son Óengus Olmucaid in the battle of Clíu. He would later be avenged by his own son Enna Airgdech.

The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Ofratanes in Assyria. The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 1071–1050 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 1449–1428 BC.

Érimón
Érimón (Modern Irish: Éireamhón), commonly Anglicised as Heremon, son of Míl Espáine (and great-grandson of Breoghan, king of Celtic Galicia), according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions, was one of the chieftains who took part in the Milesian invasion of Ireland, which conquered the island from the Tuatha Dé Danann, and one of the first Milesian High Kings.
2014–15 CCHL season
The 2014–15 CCHL season is the 54th season of the Central Canada Hockey League (CCHL). The twelve teams of the CCHL played 62-game schedules.

In March 2015, the top teams of the league played down for the Bogart Cup, the CCHL championship.  The winners of the Bogart Cup competed in the Eastern Canadian Junior "A" championship, the Fred Page Cup.  If successful against the winners of the Quebec Junior Hockey League and Maritime Junior A Hockey League, the champion would then move on to play in the Canadian Junior Hockey League championship, the Royal Bank Cup.

Fred Page Cup
The Fred Page Cup was a championship ice hockey trophy, won by a tournament conducted by the Canadian Junior Hockey League.  The award was given to the winner of a round-robin and playoff between the Bogart Cup champions of the Central Canada Hockey League, the Kent Cup champions of the Maritime Junior Hockey League, La Coupe NAPA Champions of the Quebec Junior Hockey League, and a predetermined host team.  The winner of the Fred Page Cup moves on to the Centennial Cup, the national Junior A championship.  The trophy was donated by the then-called Quebec Provincial Junior Hockey League in 1994–95.
1998 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 1998 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 17th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place from April 16–18 in Los Angeles, California, hosted by UCLA in the Pauley Pavilion.

Georgia won the team championship, the Gym Dogs' fourth NCAA national title and first since 1993.

Defending champion Kim Arnold, from Georgia, again won the individual all-around championship, her second.

1993 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 1993 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 12th annual gym meet hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place from April 15–17 in Corvallis, Oregon, hosted by Oregon State University at the Gill Coliseum.

Georgia won the team championship, their third title overall and first since 1989. The Gym Dogs also became the first program to score 198.0 points in the team competition.

Jenny Hansen, from Kentucky, won the individual all-around championship in what would be the first of her three consecutive titles.
Alpha to coverage
Alpha to coverage is a multisampling computer graphics technique, that replaces alpha blending with a coverage mask. This achieves order-independent transparency for when anti-aliasing or semi-transparent textures are used. This particular technique is useful for situations where dense foliage or grass must be rendered in a video game.

Alpha to coverage is a sub-pixel version of screen-door transparency, a technique which uses a dithering pattern to simulate transparency with only fully opaque and fully transparent pixels.

Alpha to coverage multisampling is based on regular multisampling, except that the alpha coverage mask is ANDed with the multisample mask. Alpha-to-coverage converts the alpha component output from the pixel shader to a coverage mask. When the multisampling is applied each output fragment gets a transparency of 0 or 1 depending on alpha coverage and the multisampling result.

Dither
Dither or dithering is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of mastering audio to a CD.

A common use of dither is converting a grayscale image to black and white, so that the density of black dots in the new image approximates the average gray level in the original.
Cruagh
Cruagh (Irish: An Chraobhach) is a civil parish in the barony of Uppercross in South Dublin, Ireland. It contains the townlands of Cruagh, Killakee, Tibradden, Glendoo, Newtown, Jamestown, Woodtown and Orlagh. It is situated south of Ballyboden on the R116 regional road.

Ballyboden
Ballyboden (Irish: Baile Buadáin, meaning 'Boden Town') is a locality within the suburb of Rathfarnham, County Dublin, at the foot of the Dublin Mountains between Whitechurch, Ballyroan and Knocklyon. It is in the local government area of South Dublin, and is a townland in the civil parish of Rathfarnham in the barony of Uppercross.