hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adolf Hitler in popular culture
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, has been represented in popular culture ever since he became a well-known politician in Germany. His distinctive image was often parodied by his opponents. Parodies became much more prominent outside Germany during his period in power. Since the end of World War II representations of Hitler, both serious and satirical, have continued to be prominent in popular culture, sometimes generating significant controversy. In many periodicals, books, and movies, Hitler and Nazism fulfill the role of archetypal evil. This treatment is not confined to fiction but is widespread amongst nonfiction writers who have discussed him in this vein. Hitler has retained a fascination from other perspectives; among many comparable examples is an exhibition at the German Historical Museum which was widely attended.

To Be or Not to Be (1983 film)
To Be or Not to Be is a 1983 American war comedy film directed by Alan Johnson, produced by Mel Brooks, and starring Brooks, Anne Bancroft, Tim Matheson, Charles Durning, Christopher Lloyd, and José Ferrer. The screenplay was written by Ronny Graham and Thomas Meehan, based on the original story by Melchior Lengyel, Ernst Lubitsch and Edwin Justus Mayer. The film is a remake of the 1942 film of the same name.
Port of Santander
The Port of Santander, Cantabria (Spain), is located in the Cantabrian Sea, specifically in the Bay of Santander, in the municipalities of Santander, Camargo and Marina de Cudeyo. It is managed by the Port Authority of Santander, whose current president is Francisco Martín Gallego, under the public entity Ports of the State and in turn administered by the Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda. It belongs to the maritime province of Santander (ST). Santander District (ST-4).

El Astillero
El Astillero (English: "The Shipyard") is a town and municipality in the province and autonomous community of Cantabria, northern Spain. It is near the provincial capital of Santander, and it is known for its shipyard, and for hosting of Spanish national Rowing Championships. Its location is geographically defined by the estuaries that surround it. It is located between the municipalities of Camargo (formerly part of El Astillero), Villaescusa, Piélagos, Medio Cudeyo and Marina de Cudeyo. Located at the foot of Peña Cabarga, is 7.5 kilometres away from the capital, Santander, and is 20 metres above sea level.

The confluence of the rivers and the coast of the bay is a large expanse of wetlands where various migratory birds nest throughout the year. The municipality covers an area of 6.80 km.
Carousel Kings
Carousel Kings is an American pop punk band from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States, formed in late 2008 by founding member David Alexander. They started their career on CI Records and are currently signed to Victory Records. Their Victory Records debut album, Charm City, was released on February 10, 2017, entering the iTunes rock charts at number 14.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
153rd Punjabis
The 153rd Punjabis – also designated 153rd Rifles, see nomenclature (below) – was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army.  It was formed in Mesopotamia and Palestine in May 1918, saw service in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War, and was disbanded in June 1922.

53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
The 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that fought in both the First and Second World Wars. Originally raised in 1908 as the Welsh Division, part of the Territorial Force (TF), the division saw service in First World War, being designated 53rd (Welsh) Division in mid-1915, and fought in the Gallipoli Campaign and in the Middle East. Remaining active in the Territorial Army (TA) during the interwar period as a peacetime formation, the division again saw action in Second World War, fighting in North-western Europe from June 1944 until May 1945.

The 53rd Division was temporarily disbanded at the end of the war, but was reactivated in 1947 when the Territorial Army was reformed and reorganised. In 1968 the division was finally deactivated, but its 160th Brigade remains in service today. As the name suggests, the division recruited mainly in Wales, but also in Herefordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire.
Guaymas Fault
The Guaymas Fault, named for the city of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, is a major right lateral-moving transform fault which runs along the seabed of the Gulf of California.  It is an integral part of the Gulf of California Rift Zone, the northern extremity of the East Pacific Rise.  The Guaymas Fault runs from the San Pedro Martir Basin located at the southern end of the San Lorenzo Fault (the next transform to the north), and extends southward to the Guaymas Basin, a heavily sedimented rift which includes both continental and oceanic crust and contains numerous hydrothermal vents.

The Guaymas Fault is often grouped together with the three transform faults to its north as the Guaymas Transform Fault System.  These faults are, from north to south, the Ballenas, Partida, San Lorenzo, and Guaymas.  This system of fault extends some 325 km, linking the Delfin Basin in the north with the Guaymas Basin in the south.

Guaymas
Guaymas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈgwaj.mas]) is a city in Guaymas Municipality, in the southwest part of the state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. The city is 134 kilometres (83 mi) south of the state capital of Hermosillo, and 389 kilometres (242 mi) from the U.S. border. The municipality's formal name is Guaymas de Zaragoza and the city's formal name is the Heroica Ciudad de Guaymas.

The city proper is mostly an industrial port and is the principal port for the state of Sonora. The city has a well-attended annual carnival, which has been held since 1888. Nearby, San Carlos and its beaches are major tourist attractions.
Education in Odisha
Previously a neglected aspect of the Indian Central government, Education in Odisha is witnessing a rapid transformation. Its capital city, Bhubaneswar along with Cuttack, are emerging as a knowledge hub in India with several new public and private universities, including the establishment of an Indian Institute of Technology after five decades of demand.

Odisha has fared reasonably well in terms of literacy rates. The overall literacy rate according to Census 2011 is 73.5%, which is marginally behind of the national average of 74.04%. In Odisha there are also many schools and colleges, maintained by government.

Balasore
Balasore, also known as Baleswar, is a city in the state of Odisha, about 215 km (134 mi) from the state capital Bhubaneswar and 240 km (149 mi) from Kolkata, in eastern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Balasore district and the largest city as well as health and educational hub of northern Odisha. It is best known for Chandipur beach. It is also called 'missile city'. The Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme's Integrated Test Range is located 18 km south of Balasore.
Kangzhuang, Beijing
Kangzhuang Town (simplified Chinese: 康庄镇; traditional Chinese: 康莊鎮; pinyin: Kāngzhuāng Zhèn) is a town in the Yanqing District of Beijing. It borders Zhangshanying and Yanqing Towns to its north, Dayushu Town to its east, Badaling Town to its southeast, Donghuayuan and Xiaonanxinbao Towns to its southwest, and has several pieces of lands north of the Guishui River. The census had counted 32,815 residents for this town in 2020.

It is named Kangzhuang (Chinese: 康庄; lit. 'Kang's Villa') because Kang was the most popular surname in the region during the founding of the settlement in 1593.

Yanqing, Beijing
Yanqing District (Chinese: 延庆区; pinyin: Yánqìng Qū), formerly known as Yanqing County before 2015, is a district of the municipality of Beijing located northwest of the city proper of Beijing, 74km away from the city center. The district consists of 3 subdistricts, 11 towns and 4 townships, and borders the Beijing districts of Huairou to the east and Changping to the south as well as the Hebei counties of Huailai to the west and Chicheng to the north. The district hosted the Expo 2019, and hosted alpine skiing, bobsled, luge and skeleton during the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Ryuko Hira
Ryuko Hira (born 30 May 1948), formerly known as Kamlesh Punjabi, is an Indian-born investor, philanthropist, and businessman based in Japan. He serves as the president of HMI Hotel Group and the Ora Group of companies.

According to a 2018 report in the Japan Times, Hira was identified as the largest individual Indian investor in Japan at that time, with investments estimated at approximately US$2.5 billion and a net worth exceeding US $10 billion. In 2022, Hira was awarded the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honor, due to his work in trade and industry. Indian and Japanese media have reported Hira's involvement in initiatives focused on economic relations between Japan and India.

Suzuki
Suzuki Motor Corporation (Japanese: スズキ株式会社, Hepburn: Suzuki Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational mobility manufacturer headquartered in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka. It manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal combustion engines. In 2016, Suzuki was the eleventh biggest automaker by production worldwide.
Suzuki has over 45,000 employees and has 35 production facilities in 23 countries, and 133 distributors in 192 countries. The worldwide sales volume of automobiles is the world's tenth largest, while domestic sales volume is the third largest in the country.

Suzuki's domestic motorcycle sales volume is the third largest in Japan.
Constraint satisfaction dual problem
The dual problem is a reformulation of a constraint satisfaction problem expressing each constraint of the original problem as a variable. Dual problems only contain binary constraints, and are therefore solvable by algorithms tailored for such problems. The join graphs and join trees of a constraint satisfaction problem are graphs representing its dual problem or a problem obtained from the dual problem removing some redundant constraints.

Binary constraint
A binary constraint, in mathematical optimization, is a constraint that involves exactly two variables.

For example, consider the n-queens problem, where the goal is to place n chess queens on an n-by-n chessboard such that none of  the queens can attack each other (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally).  The formal set of constraints are therefore "Queen 1 can't attack Queen 2", "Queen 1 can't attack Queen 3", and so on between all pairs of queens.  Each constraint in this problem is binary, in that it only considers the placement of two individual queens.

Linear programs in which all constraints are binary can be solved in strongly polynomial time, a result that is not known to be true for more general linear programs.
Daniel Summerhill
Daniel Summerhill (born February 13, 1989 in Englewood, Colorado) is an American cyclist, who currently rides for Legion of Los Angeles.

He was suspended from the sport for one year in 2022 after a positive drugs test for Adderall.

United States National Cyclo-cross Championships
The United States National Cyclocross Championships is a four-day competition held annually each winter and is sponsored by USA Cycling.  The winners at various levels, including elite, U-23, masters, juniors, and collegiate for men and women, wear the coveted stars and stripes jersey and are crowned United States national cyclo-cross champions.
Cherryvale Mall
CherryVale Mall (originally The Mall at CherryVale) is a shopping mall in Rockford, Illinois, along its border with Cherry Valley.  Located at the intersection of US 20, Interstate 39, and Interstate 90, the two-story mall is the largest shopping mall in northern Illinois outside of suburban Chicago.

Along with being the largest mall in the region, CherryVale is notable for being the first mall in Rockford designed as a fully enclosed shopping center along with the opening of the first Marshall Field's department store in Illinois outside of the Chicago region. Developed by the Richard E. Jacobs Group, the mall is currently owned by CBL & Associates Properties, who acquired it in 2001. The mall's anchor tenants are JCPenney, Macy's, Tilt Studio/Tilted 10, Home Trends Furniture & Mattress, and Barnes & Noble. There is a vacant anchor space last occupied by Bergner's.

Prange's
H. C. Prange Co., commonly known as Prange's, was an American department store chain begun by H. C. Prange in 1887 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. At its peak, it operated stores in the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan. It also operated discount stores under the Prange Way name in the former two states, although this division was sold off in the 1990s. Prange's was dissolved and most of the stores converted to the rival Younkers chain after sale in 1992.
Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906
Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906, is a keyboard piece, likely unfinished, composed by Johann Sebastian Bach sometime during his tenure in Leipzig (1723–1750). The work survives in two autograph scores, one with the fantasia alone, and the other, believed to have been penned around 1738 in which the fugue is incomplete. The piece is notable for being one of Bach's latest compositions in the prelude and fugue format, and for being a showcase of Bach trying his hand at the emerging galant and empfindsam styles of music that his sons were known to compose.

Johann Nikolaus Forkel
Johann Nikolaus Forkel (22 February 1749 – 20 March 1818) was a German musicologist and music theorist, generally regarded as among the founders of modern musicology. His publications include the two-volume Allgemeine Geschichte der Musik (General History of Music), among the first attempts at a history of Western music and the "ground-breaking music bibliography" Allgemeine Litteratur der Musik. He also authored Johann Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art, and Work, the first substantial survey on the life and works of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Julius Ruska
Julius Ferdinand Ruska (9 February 1867 in Bühl, Baden – 11 February 1949 in Schramberg) was a German orientalist, historian of science and educator.

He was a critical scholar of alchemical literature, and of Islamic science, raising many issues on attributions and sources of the texts, and providing translations. The range of his studies was wide, including the Emerald Tablet, a basic hermetic text. From 1924 he headed an institute in Heidelberg, where he has been a student.

Of his seven children, Ernst Ruska and Helmut Ruska were distinguished in their fields.

Ernst Ruska
Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (German pronunciation: [ɛʁnst ˈʁʊskaː] ⓘ; 25 December 1906 – 27 May 1988) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope.
Pakhangba Cheng Hongba
Pakhangba Cheng Hongba (ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ ꯆꯦꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯕ) is a traditional ritualistic Meitei festival performed in Manipur, India, and by the Meitei people in Myanmar, dedicated to Pakhangpa and other Meitei deities. The ritual, which involves offering rice to Pakhangba, is conducted on the full moon day of the Meetei lunar month Kalen. It is observed to bring peace, prosperity, and social harmony. The ritual is conducted at various sacred sites, including Iputhou Pakhangpa Lainingkol in Mandalay and Uttra Shanglen in Sana Konung.

Meitei festivals
Meitei festivals are an integral part of the cultural heritage of the Meitei people, an ethnic group native to the Indian state of Manipur. The festivals often celebrate events from Ancient Manipur and often coinciding with seasonal changes. These festivals reflect the unique customs and traditions of the Meitei community, and are celebrated with great enthusiasm and zeal. There are various festivals celebrated throughout the year, each with its own significance and rituals.
Don Bracken
Donald Craig Bracken (February 16, 1962 – October 29, 2014) was an American professional football punter.

After playing high school football in Thermopolis, Wyoming, Bracken played college football for the University of Michigan from 1980 to 1983. As a freshman, he set a Rose Bowl record that is still unbroken with a 73-yard punt in the 1981 Rose Bowl.

Bracken played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers (1985-1990) and Los Angeles Rams (1992-1993). In 1987, he ranked third in the NFL in both number of punts (72) and punting yardage (2,947). In eight NFL seasons, Bracken appeared in 99 NFL games and punted 461 times for 18,375 yards, an average of 39.9 yards per punt.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Jan Rombouts the Elder
Jan Rombouts the Elder, Jan Rombouts (I) (c. 1480 in Leuven – 1535 in Leuven), was a Flemish Renaissance painter, glass painter, draftsman, printmaker and glass designer.  The subjects of his work are stories from the Old and New Testament and the lives of Christian saints.  He was active in Leuven where he introduced the Renaissance innovations of Bernard van Orley and the Antwerp school.

Dieric Bouts
Dieric Bouts (born c. 1415 – 6 May 1475) was an Early Netherlandish painter. Bouts may have studied under Rogier van der Weyden, and his work was influenced by van der Weyden and Jan van Eyck. He worked in Leuven from 1457 (or possibly earlier) until his death in 1475. His name also appears at various museums and institutions as Dirk Bouts.

Bouts was among the first northern painters to demonstrate the use of a single vanishing point (as illustrated in his Last Supper).
Spandeck Engineering v Defence Science and Technology Agency
Spandeck Engineering v Defence Science and Technology Agency [2007] SGCA 37 was a landmark decision in Singapore law. It established a new framework for establishing a duty of care, differentiating the Singaporean law of tort from past English common law precedent such as Caparo v Dickman and Anns v Merton, whilst also allowing for claims in pure economic loss, which are generally not allowed in English law.

Murphy v Brentwood DC
Murphy v Brentwood District Council [1991] UKHL 2, [1991] 1 AC 398 was a judicial decision of the House of Lords in relation to recovery for pure economic loss in tort.

The court overruled the decision Anns v Merton London Borough Council with respect to a duty of care in English law.
Semmelknödel
Semmelknödel (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛml̩ˌknøːdl̩] ⓘ) are a kind of bread dumplings made from dried wheat bread rolls like Kaiser rolls, milk, and eggs. The name derives from southern Germany, where semmel means bread rolls and knödel refers to something that has been kneaded. Semmelknödel are a food specialty in southern Germany, Austria, Slovenia and the Czech Republic, as well as northern Italy (where they are called canederli in Trentino, Semmelknödel in South Tyrol and maracund in Lombardy).

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
German Indonesians
Indonesian Germans are people of German ancestry who had settled in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), or German nationals who are residing in the country. There are 19,879 Germans in Indonesia as of 2020. The majority of them are found in Jakarta, Bogor, Puncak, Bali and Surabaya.

Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL, pronounced [knɪl]; Indonesian: Tentara Kerajaan Hindia Belanda) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies, in areas that are now part of Indonesia. The KNIL's air arm was the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Elements of the Royal Netherlands Navy and  Government Navy were also stationed in the Netherlands East Indies.
Set animal
In ancient Egyptian art, the Set animal, or sha, is the affiliated animal of the god Set. Because Set was identified with the Greek monster Typhon, the animal is also commonly known as the Typhonian animal or Typhonic beast.

Unlike other totemic animals, the Set animal is not easily identifiable in the modern animal world. There is a general agreement among Egyptologists that it was never a real creature and existed only in ancient Egyptian religion.  In recent years, there have been many attempts by zoologists to find the Set animal in nature. Whether or not the animal existed is currently unknown, yet it had much significance for the Egyptians. The Set animal is one of the most frequently demonstrated animal determinatives.

Some Egyptian texts suggest that Set took the form of a dangerous animal, such as a bull or crocodile.

E. A. Wallis Budge
Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge (27 July 1857 – 23 November 1934) was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East. He made numerous trips to Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan on behalf of the British Museum to buy antiquities, and helped it build its collection of cuneiform tablets, manuscripts, and papyri. He published many books on Egyptology, helping to bring the findings to larger audiences. In 1920, he was knighted for his service to Egyptology and the British Museum.
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid formed in the liver of most species, including humans, by conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid with taurine. It is secreted into bile and then into the intestine. It is usually ionized at physiologic pH. However, although it can be crystallized as the sodium salt.

It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed by active transport in the terminal ileum.

It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Substantial evidence indicates that high circulating bile acids promote colon cancer risk.  In a prospective study, positive associations were observed between prediagnostic plasma levels of seven conjugated bile acid metabolites, including taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and colon cancer risk.

Choleretic
Choleretics are substances that increase the volume of secretion of bile from the liver as well as the amount of solids secreted.

By stimulating the production of bile, the body is better able to release toxins and through acting as a natural laxative and improving detox capacity of Cells and Tissue (biology).