hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butterworth-Heinemann
Butterworth–Heinemann is a British publishing company specialised in professional information and learning materials for higher education and professional training, in printed and electronic forms. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of Heinemann Professional Publishing and Butterworths Scientific, both subsidiaries of Reed International. With its earlier constituent companies, the founding dates back to 1923.

It has publishing units in Oxford (UK) and Waltham, Massachusetts (United States).

As of 2006, it is an imprint of Elsevier.

RELX
RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.

The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, AEX Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index.
42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA
The 42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA is a Canadian Army Reserve artillery regiment based in Pembroke, Ontario. It is part of the 4th Canadian Division's 33 Canadian Brigade Group.

First organized as the 42nd Brockville Battalion of Infantry in 1866, the regiment was later relocated to Pembroke, Ontario, and redesignated as the 42nd Lanark and Renfrew Battalion of Infantry and became a Scottish regiment in 1927. The regiment was first converted to an air defence artillery regiment in 1946 but converted back to an infantry regiment in 1959. In 1992, the regiment was again converted to artillery as the 1st Air Defence Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA. It was renamed to its current title in 2011.

Brockville
Brockville is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the Thousand Islands region. Although it falls within the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, it is politically independent of the county. It is included with Leeds and Grenville for census purposes only.

Known as the "City of the 1000 Islands", Brockville is situated on the land which was previously inhabited by the St. Lawrence Iroquoians and later by the Oswegatchie people. Brockville is one of Ontario's oldest communities established by Loyalist settlers and is named after the British general Sir Isaac Brock.

Tourist attractions in Brockville include the Brockville Tunnel, Fulford Place, and the Aquatarium.
Azcapotzalco (former administrative division)
Azcapotzalco was a Mexican municipality. It was disestablished in 1928, when the municipalities of the Federal District were replaced by boroughs (delegaciones). There is now a borough of the same name.

19°29′10″N 99°11′05″W﻿ / ﻿19.48611°N 99.18472°W﻿ / 19.48611; -99.18472

Azcapotzalco
Azcapotzalco (Classical Nahuatl: Āzcapōtzalco [aːskapoːˈt͡saɬko] ⓘ; Spanish pronunciation: [askapoˈtsalko] ⓘ; from āzcapōtzalli “anthill” + -co “place”; literally, “In the place of the anthills”) is a borough (demarcación territorial) in Mexico City. Azcapotzalco is in the northwestern part of Mexico City.

The town began in the pre-Hispanic era and was the seat of the Tepanec dominion until the Aztec Triple Alliance overthrew it. After that it was a rural farming area becoming part of the Federal District of Mexico City in the mid-19th century. In the 20th century the area was engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. Today it is 100% urbanized and is a center of industry.
Dharmarakṣa
Dharmarakṣa (Chinese: 竺法護; pinyin: Zhú Fǎhù; J. Jiku Hōgo; K. Ch'uk Pŏpho; c. 233–310) was one of the most important early translators of Mahayana sutras into Chinese. Several of his translations had profound effects on East Asian Buddhism. He is described in scriptural catalogues as Yuezhi in origin.

Ten Stages Sutra
The Ten Stages Sutra (Sanskrit: Daśabhūmika Sūtra; simplified Chinese: 十地经; traditional Chinese: 十地經; pinyin: shí dì jīng; Tibetan: འཕགས་པ་ས་བཅུ་པའི་མདོ། Wylie: phags pa sa bcu pa'i mdo) also known as the Daśabhūmika Sūtra, is an early, influential Mahayana Buddhist scripture. The sutra also appears as the 26th chapter of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra. Modern Buddhist studies scholars generally hold that these Mahayana sūtras first began to appear between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE. They continued being composed, compiled and edited until the decline of Buddhism in India.
Outline of Guinea
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guinea:

Guinea – country located in West Africa, that was formerly known as French Guinea.  Guinea's territory has a curved shape, with its base at the Atlantic Ocean, inland to the east, and turning south. The base borders Guinea-Bissau and Senegal to the north, and Mali to the north and north-east; the inland part borders Côte d'Ivoire to the south-east, Liberia to the south, and Sierra Leone to the west of the southern tip. Its water sources include the Niger, Senegal, and Gambia rivers.  Guinea is sometimes called Guinea-Conakry (Conakry being its capital) to differentiate it from the neighboring Guinea-Bissau (whose capital is Bissau).

Republic of Guinea Armed Forces
The  Guinean Armed Forces (French: Forces armées guinéennes) are the armed forces of Guinea. They are responsible for the territorial security of Guinea's border and the defence of the country against external attack and aggression.

Guinea's armed forces are divided into five branches – army, navy, air force, the paramilitary National Gendarmerie and the Republican Guard – whose chiefs report to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who is subordinate to the Minister of Defense. In addition, regime security forces include the National Police Force (Sûreté National). The Gendarmerie, responsible for internal security, has a strength of several thousand, and is armed with military equipment. It is aided by the Republican Guard, which provides protection for government officials.
Invidia
In Latin, invidia is the sense of envy, a "looking upon" associated with the evil eye, from invidere, "to look against, to look in a hostile manner." Invidia ("Envy") is one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christian belief.

Themis
In Greek mythology and religion, Themis (/ˈθiːmɪs/; Ancient Greek: Θέμις, romanized: Themis, lit. 'justice, law, custom') is the goddess and personification of justice, divine order, law, and custom. She is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia and Uranus, and the second wife of Zeus. She is associated with oracles and prophecies, including the Oracle of Delphi.
Waldorf, Maryland
Waldorf is a census-designated place in Charles County, Maryland, United States. Located 23 miles (37 km) south-southeast of Washington, D.C., Waldorf is part of Southern Maryland. Its population was 81,410 at the 2020 census. Waldorf has experienced dramatic growth, increasing its population 16-fold from fewer than 5,000 residents in 1980 to its current population. It is now the largest commercial and residential area in Southern Maryland as well as a major suburb in the Washington metropolitan area.

Maryland Transit Administration
The Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) is a state-operated mass transit administration in Maryland, and is part of the Maryland Department of Transportation (MDOT). The MTA operates a comprehensive transit system throughout the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area. There are 80 bus lines serving the Baltimore Metropolitan Area, along with rail services that include the Baltimore Light RailLink, Baltimore Metro Subway, and MARC Train. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 67,092,400, or about 223,400 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

With 27% of Baltimore households lacking access to a car, the MTA is an important part of the regional transit picture. The system has many connections to other transit agencies of Central Maryland, Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, and south-central Pennsylvania (Hanover, Harrisburg, and York): WMATA, Charm City Circulator, Regional Transportation Agency of Central Maryland, Annapolis Transit, Rabbit Transit, Ride-On, and TransIT.
Beatrice Shilling
Beatrice Shilling OBE (known as Tilly) (8 March 1909 – 18 November 1990) was an English aeronautical engineer, motorcycle racer and sports car racer. In 1949, Shilling was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

During the Second World War Shilling designed the RAE Restrictor (which became known as Miss Shilling's orifice), a simple device that  overcame the problem of the Rolls-Royce Merlin aeroplane engines losing power during negative-g manoeuvres. After the war, Shilling also worked on the Blue Streak missile, researched the effect of a wet runway upon braking, and helped design and build a bobsled for the Royal Air Force's Olympic team.

As a motorcycle racer, Shilling is one of only three women who have received the British Motorcycle Racing Club Gold Star for having lapped the Brooklands circuit at over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) on a motorcycle. In sports car racing, she scored several podium finishes at the Goodwood Circuit Members' Meetings.

Women's Engineering Society
The Women's Engineering Society is a United Kingdom professional learned society and networking body for women engineers, scientists and technologists. It was the first professional body set up for women working in all areas of engineering, predating the Society of Women Engineers by around 30 years.
Denpasar metropolitan area
The Denpasar metropolitan area or Greater Denpasar, and locally known as Sarbagita; (an acronym of Denpasar–Badung–Gianyar–Tabanan) is a metropolitan area located in Bali, Indonesia. This area includes Denpasar city and its surrounding areas such as Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency, and Tabanan Regency. Sarbagita is the largest metropolitan area in the Lesser Sunda Islands and the second largest in the Eastern Indonesia region after the Makassar metropolitan area in South Sulawesi. It has an area of 1,928.28 km2, and at the 2023 estimate had a population of 2,301,887.

Makassar metropolitan area
The Makassar metropolitan area, known locally as Mamminasatapa (Makasar: ᨆᨆᨗᨊᨔᨈᨄ, romanized: Mamminasatapa); (an acronym of Makassar–Maros–Sungguminasa–Takalar–Pangkep) is a metropolitan area located on Sulawesi island in Indonesia. This area includes Makassar City and its buffer areas such as Maros Regency, Gowa Regency, Takalar Regency, and Pangkajene Islands Regency. This region is also an icon of South Sulawesi province and the largest metropolitan area in Eastern Indonesia. It has an area of 2,666.63 km2, and a 2023 estimate had a population of 3,332,415
Yana Urqu (Canas-Canchis)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", hispanicized spellings Yanaorcco, Yanaorco) is a mountain  in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800-metre (15,700 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canas Province, Langui District, and in the Canchis Province, Marangani District. Yana Urqu lies on a ridge northeast of Langui Layo Lake, northwest of Pawka.

Pawka
Pawka (Quechua for a plant (Escallonia herrerae), Hispanicized spellings Pauca, Paucca) is a 5,129-metre-high (16,827 ft) mountain  in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canas Province, Layo District, and in the Canchis Province, Marangani District. Pawka lies east of Langui Layo Lake.
Larsen-Noyes House
The Larsen-Noyes House is a historic house in Ephraim, Utah. It was built in 1897 by Albert Johnson, an immigrant from Norway, for H. P. Larsen, an immigrant from Denmark. It was later purchased by Newton Eugene Noyes, the president of Sanpete Stake Academy, later known as Snow College, for 29 years. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 1, 1978.

Snow College
Snow College is a public community college in Ephraim, Utah. It offers certificates and associate degrees along with bachelor's degrees in music, software engineering, and nursing. Snow College is part of the Utah System of Higher Education.
Achromatopsia
Achromatopsia, also known as rod monochromacy, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to five conditions, most notably monochromacy. Historically, the name referred to monochromacy in general, but now typically refers only to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition. The term is also used to describe cerebral achromatopsia, though monochromacy is usually the only common symptom. The conditions include: monochromatic color blindness, poor visual acuity, and day-blindness. The syndrome is also present in an incomplete form that exhibits milder symptoms, including residual color vision. Achromatopsia is estimated to affect 1 in 30,000 live births worldwide.

Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. It equals the interior potential minus the exterior potential. This is the energy (i.e. work) per charge which is required to move a (very small) positive charge at constant velocity across the cell membrane from the exterior to the interior. (If the charge is allowed to change velocity, the change of kinetic energy and production of radiation must be taken into account.)

Typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of millivolts and denoted as mV, range from −80 mV to −40 mV. For such typical negative membrane potentials, positive work is required to move a positive charge from the interior to the exterior. However, thermal kinetic energy allows ions to overcome the potential difference. For a selectively permeable membrane, this permits a net flow against the gradient.
Verbytsia, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Verbytsia (Ukrainian: Вербиця) is a village in the Kremenets urban hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Kremenets Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets urban hromada
Kremenets urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кременецька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Kremenetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada located in Kremenets Raion, in the western Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kremenets.

The hromada has a size of 522.9 km2 (201.9 mi2), and a population of 42,064 (As of 2023).
Panaque suttonorum
Panaque suttonorum, commonly known as the blue-eye panaque, is a species of freshwater fish from the South American catfish family Loricariidae. It is endemic to the Maracaibo Basin in Venezuela. In the wild, the species feeds on algae and reaches 28 cm (11 inches) SL, although it may grow larger in captivity.

In 2010, P. suttonorum was reevaluated and considered to be a sister species of Panaque cochliodon, due to the similarities between the two.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Orchamps (Besançon)
Orchamps is a neighbourhood in the south-east of the city of Besançon, France. Like nearby Clairs-Soleils and Planoise, to the west of the city, Orchamps was built in the late 1960s. It is situated close to Bregille.

47°15′40″N 6°02′22″E﻿ / ﻿47.26111°N 6.03944°E﻿ / 47.26111; 6.03944

Planoise
Planoise (French pronunciation: [planwaz]) is an urban area in the western part of Besançon, France, built in the 1960s between the hill of Planoise and the district of Hauts-de-Chazal. It is the most populous district of Besançon, with 15,378 inhabitants (2018, 13% of the total inhabitants). Its inhabitants are called Planoisiens and Planoisiennes.

The area is constantly changing and developing. Despite difficult economic and social conditions, Planoise has become a commercial crossroads and a multicultural sector; the area is home to people from over 50 different cultural origins. It is a highly urbanized area (14,000 inhabitants per square kilometer) with few monuments or sites of interest. Still, the area contains notable buildings such as the Departmental archives of Doubs and the Statue of Diversity.
Finnish national road 11
Finnish national road 11 (Finnish: valtatie 11, Swedish: riksväg 11) is an east–west highway from Nokia of Pirkanmaa to Pori of Satakunta. The road is relatively short, only 101 kilometers, in addition to which the road as a whole is two-lane. Nonetheless, a highway is an important route used by industrial transportation.

The road passes through the following municipalities: Nokia - Sastamala - Kokemäki - Ulvila - Pori. Since the Sastamala and Kiikoinen joined together in 2013, this is currently the only highway in Finland that runs entirely in the territory of the municipalities using the town or city title.

The Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency and the City of Pori plan to continue Highway 11 from their current terminus, the interchange of Highway 2, south of Pori Airport, to Highway 8, where a new interchange would be built.

Finnish national road 8
Finnish national road 8 (Finnish: valtatie 8, Swedish: riksväg 8) runs along the western coast of Finland. The road starts at Turku, continues to Vaasa and ends in the intersection with Finnish national road 4 in Liminka, 25 km south of Oulu. It constitutes much of the length of European route E8. Cities along the road are Rauma, Pori, Kristinestad, Närpes, Vaasa, Nykarleby, Kokkola and Raahe. From Liminka, the road continues to the same direction to Oulu as road 4; road 4 to Liminka intersects it from the left.
Leverhulme Memorial
The Leverhulme Memorial stands to the west of the Lady Lever Art Gallery on the junction of Windy Bank and Queen Mary's Drive, Port Sunlight, Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It commemorates the life of William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, the businessman who created the factory and model village of Port Sunlight.  The memorial was designed by James Lomax-Simpson, and the sculptor was William Reid Dick.  It consists of an obelisk with a figure on the top, with a separate group of four figures beside it.  The memorial was unveiled in 1930.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Port Sunlight
Port Sunlight is a model village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is located between Lower Bebington and New Ferry, on the Wirral Peninsula. Port Sunlight was built by Lever Brothers to accommodate workers in its soap factory (now part of Unilever); work commenced in 1888. The name is derived from Lever Brothers' most popular brand of cleaning agent, Sunlight.

Port Sunlight contains 900 Grade II listed buildings, and was declared a conservation area in 1978. Port Sunlight has been informally suggested for World Heritage Site (WHS) status to protect it from development and to preserve the unique character for future generations; however, it is not yet on the current UK "tentative list" for future consideration as a WHS. In the 2001 Census, its population was 1,450.
Tanks of the interwar period
Tanks were initially deployed in World War I, engineered to overcome the deadlock of trench warfare. Between the two world wars, tanks were further developed. Although they had demonstrated their battlefield effectiveness, only a few nations had the industrial resources to design and build them. During and after World War I, Britain and France pioneered tank technology, with their models generally serving as a blueprint for other countries. However, this initial advantage would slowly diminish during the 1930s, shifting in favor of the Soviet Union and, to a lesser degree, Nazi Germany.

Panzer 35(t)
The Panzerkampfwagen 35(t), commonly shortened to Panzer 35(t) or abbreviated as Pz.Kpfw. 35(t), was a Czechoslovak-designed light tank used mainly by Nazi Germany during World War II. The letter (t) stood for tschechisch (German for "Czech"). In Czechoslovak service, it had the formal designation Lehký tank vzor 35 (Light Tank Model 35), but was commonly referred to as the LT vz. 35 or LT-35.

A total of 434 were built; of these, the Germans seized 244 when they occupied Bohemia-Moravia in March 1939 and the Slovaks acquired 52 when they declared independence from Czechoslovakia at the same time. Others were exported to Bulgaria and Romania. In German service, it saw combat during the early years of World War II, notably the invasion of Poland, the Battle of France and the invasion of the Soviet Union before being retired or sold off in 1942. It was used for the remainder of the war by other countries and as a training tank in Bulgaria into the 1950s.
Forensic Medicine Division
The Forensic Medicine Division of the Applied Sciences Group of the Health Sciences Authority is a forensic medical consultancy service of the government of Singapore.  The Centre provides professional consultancy services in the field of forensic medicine, primarily to law enforcement in support of the coronial death investigation system in Singapore as well as criminal investigations into homicidal deaths.  The Division operates a mortuary facility in Block 9, a Singapore General Hospital building along Outram Road.

Health Sciences Authority
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA)  is a statutory board under the Ministry of Health of the Government of Singapore. It is a multi-disciplinary agency responsible for applying medical, pharmaceutical, and scientific expertise to protect and advance public health and safety.

The organisation serves three key functions: it is the national regulator for health products; it secures the national blood supply through its operation of the national blood bank and management of transfusion medicine standards; and it represents the national expertise in forensic medicine, forensic science and analytical chemistry testing capabilities. These support other regulatory and compliance agencies in the administration of justice and in safeguarding public health.
Gągolin
Gągolin [ɡɔnˈɡɔlin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-east of Łoniów, 23 km (14.3 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 79 km (49.1 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Łoniów
Łoniów [ˈwɔɲuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łoniów. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Mike Hatch
Michael Alan Hatch (born November 12, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the Attorney General of Minnesota from 1999 to 2007, commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Commerce from 1983 to 1989, and chair of the Minnesota DFL Party from 1980 to 1983.

Minnesota Attorney General
The attorney general of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Thirty individuals have held the office of Attorney General since statehood. The incumbent is Keith Ellison, a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party member.