hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unam Wiki
Unam Wiki (Korean: 우남위키) is a South Korean wiki founded in 2018. It is named for the art name of the first president of South Korea, Syngman Rhee. As of January 2026, it has 21,369 articles.

It was founded by Park Seong-hyeon (박성현) on August 20, 2018. The wiki intentionally forwards South Korean conservative views. Park founded it expressly to counter what he felt were left-wing or communist narratives in other South Korean wikis, particularly namuwiki and the Korean Wikipedia. The wiki reportedly requires that editors share political beliefs that align with the wiki's. By April 2019, the wiki had around 300 members and 30 daily contributors. The website ran workshops and meetings for its community.

Korean Wikipedia
The Korean Wikipedia (Korean: 한국어 위키백과) is the Korean-language edition of Wikipedia. Founded on 11 October 2002, it is the 22nd-largest Wikipedia, with 732,708 articles and 7,506 active users. It is the second-largest Korean-language wiki, following Namuwiki.
The Korean Wikipedia is unusual in that it officially uses “Wiki baekgwa”(위키백과) instead of “Wikipedia.”(위키피디아) Aside from the Chinese Wikipedia, which adopt a semantic translation due to the difficulty of phonetic transliteration, nearly all other language editions use “Wikipedia” as their official name, making the Korean case highly exceptional.
Faith Jaques
Faith Jaques (1923–1997) was a British illustrator of the late twentieth century notable for her work as a children's book author, illustrator, artist, stamp designer and advocate for artists' rights over their work.

Edward Ardizzone
Edward Jeffrey Irving Ardizzone, CBE RA (16 October 1900 – 8 November 1979), who sometimes signed his work "DIZ", was a British painter, printmaker and war artist, and the author and illustrator of books, many of them for children. For Tim All Alone (Oxford, 1956), which he wrote and illustrated, Ardizzone won the inaugural Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association for the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject. For the 50th anniversary of the Medal in 2005, the book was named one of the top ten winning titles, selected by a panel to compose the ballot for public election of an all-time favourite.
People's Patriotic Union of Russia
The People's Patriotic Union of Russia (NPSR; Russian: Народно-патриотический союз России, romanized: Narodno-patrioticheskiy soyuz Rossii) was a political association in Russia, created on August 7, 1996 by political parties and public organizations that supported Gennady Zyuganov in the presidential elections.

In 2003, there was a conflict between the NPSR and the CPRF, and after 2004 the NPSR practically lost its political significance.

Agrarian Party of Russia
The Agrarian Party of Russia (APR; Russian: Аграрная партия России, romanized: Agrarnaya partiya Rossii) was an agrarian political party in Russia. Founded in February 1993, it was among the earliest parties in the Russian Federation.
Soviet destroyer Surovy (1940)
Surovy (Russian: Суровый, lit. 'Severe') was one of 18 Storozhevoy-class destroyers (officially known as Project 7U) built for the Soviet Navy during the late 1930s. Although she began construction as a Project 7 Gnevny-class destroyer, Surovy was completed in 1941 to the modified Project 7U design.

Entering service just before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, she participated in minelaying operations and provided naval gunfire support from late June to early August. Engaging a German convoy without result on 21 August, she was damaged by a mine during the evacuation of Tallinn, Estonia, but limped back to Leningrad for repairs that lasted for most of September. After a month of shore bombardments during the Siege of Leningrad, the destroyer participated in the evacuation of Hanko Naval Base in early November, and was scuttled after being crippled by a mine during the latter on 13 November.

Storozhevoy-class destroyer
The Storozhevoy class were a group of 18 destroyers built for the Soviet Navy in the late 1930s that were officially known as Project 7U (Uluchshennyy (Improved)). The design was finalised in 1936 after initial disappointments with the Gnevny class. The main changes were unit machinery (four boilers instead of three), a strengthened hull and reduced fuel capacity. The anti-aircraft guns were repositioned to improve firing arcs. The ships fought in World War II.
Pachodynerus
Pachodynerus is a fairly large (about 50 species) neotropical and nearctic genus of potter wasps with higher diversity in central South America. At least one species (Pachodynerus nasidens) has been introduced in other biogeographical regions, including several oceanic islands, while Pachodynerus erynnis occurs on Ascension Island as well as in North America. This genus is most closely related to the genus Euodynerus.

Pachodynerus nasidens
Pachodynerus nasidens, the keyhole wasp, is a species of stinging wasp in the family Vespidae. It is native to the Neotropics and has been introduced to the northern United States and in some Pacific Ocean areas.  In Brisbane, Australia, it was recently introduced and reported as a risk factor to air safety, because aircraft Pitot Tubes present an attractive nesting venue for these wasps.
RusAir Flight 9605
RusAir Flight 9605 (operating as RusLine Flight 243) was a passenger flight which crashed near Petrozavodsk in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, on 20 June 2011 while attempting to land in thick fog. The aircraft involved, a Tupolev Tu-134, was operating a RusAir scheduled domestic flight from Moscow. Of the 52 people on board, only 5 survived.

Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаводск, IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian, Veps and Finnish: Petroskoi; Ludian: Petrouskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.
Nara 1st district
Nara 1st district (奈良[県第]1区 Nara[-ken dai-]ikku) is a single-member electoral district for the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan, located in Nara Prefecture. The district consists of the city of Ikoma and the prefectural capital Nara City (without the former village of Tsuge that is in Nara 2nd district).

The district has been frequently represented by Sumio Mabuchi who was a minister of state in the Kan Cabinet in from 2010 to 2011.

Nara (city)
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.ɕi] ⓘ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 2022, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara is a core city located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the Kyoto Prefecture.

Nara was the capital of Japan during the Nara period from 710 to 784 as the seat of the Emperor before the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō, except for the years 740 to 745, when the capital was placed in Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō and Shigaraki Palace. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Texas's 1st Senate district
District 1 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that serves all of Bowie, Camp, Cass, Delta, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Lamar, Marion, Morris, Panola, Red River, Rusk, Smith, Titus, Upshur, and Wood counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The current senator from District 1 is Bryan Hughes.

Titus County, Texas
Titus County is a county located in the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,247. Its county seat is Mount Pleasant. The county is named for Andrew Jackson Titus, an early settler. Titus County comprises the Mount Pleasant micropolitan statistical area.
Doubly triangular number
In mathematics, the doubly triangular numbers are the numbers that appear within the sequence of triangular numbers, in positions that are also triangular numbers. That is, if  denotes the th triangular number, then the doubly triangular numbers are the numbers of the form .

Integer sequence
In mathematics, an integer sequence is a sequence (i.e., an ordered list) of integers.

An integer sequence may be specified explicitly by giving a formula for its nth term, or implicitly by giving a relationship between its terms. For example, the sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... (the Fibonacci sequence) is formed by starting with 0 and 1 and then adding any two consecutive terms to obtain the next one: an implicit description (sequence A000045 in the OEIS). The sequence 0, 3, 8, 15, ... is formed according to the formula  for the nth term: an explicit definition.

Alternatively, an integer sequence may be defined by a property which members of the sequence possess and other integers do not possess. For example, we can determine whether a given integer is a perfect number, (sequence A000396 in the OEIS), even though we do not have a formula for the nth perfect number.
Majbat railway station
Majbat railway station is a railway station on Rangiya–Murkongselek section under Rangiya railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. This railway station is situated at Majbat in Udalguri district in the Indian state of Assam.

Rangiya–Murkongselek section
The Rangiya–Murkongselek section is a 450 km (280 mi) long railway line connecting Rangiya in Kamrup district with Murkongselek in Dhemaji district in the Indian state of Assam. The entire section is under the jurisdiction of Northeast Frontier Railway.
White Peerless Sewing Machine
The Peerless was a 3/4ths sized version of the White Sewing Machine Company's vibrating shuttle-based sewing machine named the White Sewing Machine.  It was developed at the end of the 19th century as a portable version of what was a very heavy machine.

A White New Peerless badges with the name of "Swan".

White Sewing Machine
The White Sewing Machine was the first sewing machine from the White Sewing Machine Company. It used a vibrating shuttle bobbin driver design. For that reason, and to differentiate it from the later White Family Rotary that used a rotary hook design instead, it came to be known as the "White Vibrating Shuttle" or "White VS".  In 1879 it cost USD50 to US$125 (US$1097 to US$2744 adjusted) depending on which table or cabinet it was to be mounted in. The White VS continued in production, with improvements, until the early 1900s.

There was also a 3/4-sized version called the "White Peerless".
Jeffrey Buis (politician)
Jeffrey Buis (born 1968) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 to 1997. Buis was first elected in 1992 after incumbent representative Raymond Overstreet retired. In 1996 Buis was redistricted to the 24th district and lost to Democratic incumbent William Scott.

William Scott (Kentucky politician)
William U. Scott (born 1947) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1994 to 2003. Scott was first elected in a January 1994 special election after incumbent representative David Hourigan resigned to become Judge/Executive of Marion County. He did not seek reelection in 2002 and was succeeded by Republican Jimmy Higdon.
KHAD
The Khadamat-e Aetla'at-e Dawlati (Pashto/Dari: خدمات اطلاعات دولتی literally "State Intelligence Agency", also known as "State Information Services" or "Committee of State Security"), better known by the acronym KhAD, was the agency in charge of internal security, foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence and the secret police of the former Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

Secret police
Secret police (or political police) are government agencies that operate as secret services engaging in covert operations against a government's political, ideological or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of police states governed by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.
Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin
The Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin (German: Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin; abbreviated BerlVerfGH) is the state constitutional court of Berlin. It has its seat at the Kammergericht building in the Schöneberg district of Berlin. Since November 2019, Ludgera Selting is the president of the court.

Constitution of Berlin
The Constitution of Berlin (German: Verfassung von Berlin) is the state constitution of the German state of Berlin.

The current constitution was introduced November 23, 1995, and was passed by the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin on June 8, 1995, and confirmed by the majority of Berliners in the referendum on October 22, 1995.
Frosty Leo Nebula
The Frosty Leo Nebula is a protoplanetary nebula (PPN) located roughly at 3000 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Leo. It is a spectral bipolar nebula. Its central star is of optical spectral type K7II, by itself called Frosty Leo. It is unusual in that it has an extremely deep absorption feature at 3.1 μm and is unusually located at more than 900 pc above the plane of our galaxy.(Bourke et al. 2000)  Further, as of 1990, it has the only known PPN circumstellar outflow in which crystalline ice dominates the long-wavelength emission spectrum and the only known PPN with point-reflection-symmetric deviations from axial symmetry.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder, and is one of the RASopathies. It was first described in 1986.

It is characterized by the following:

Distinctive facial appearance

Unusually sparse, brittle, curly scalp hair

A range of skin abnormalities from dermatitis to thick, scaly skin over the entire body (generalized ichthyosis)

Heart malformations in over 75% of patients (congenital or appearing later), especially an obstruction of the normal flow of blood from the lower right ventricle of the heart to the lungs (valvar pulmonary stenosis)

Growth delays

Feeding problems associated with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Foot abnormalities (extra toe or fusion of two or more toes)

Intellectual disability

Failure to thrive

Mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of  serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.

MAP kinases are found in eukaryotes only, but they are fairly diverse and encountered in all animals, fungi and plants, and even in an array of unicellular eukaryotes.

MAPKs belong to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group. The closest relatives of MAPKs are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Consulate General of South Korea, Hong Kong
The Consulate General of South Korea in Hong Kong (Korean: 주 홍콩 대한민국 총영사관; Chinese: 大韓民國駐香港總領事館; Portuguese: Consulado Geral da República da Coreia em Hong Kong) is a consular mission of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to Hong Kong and Macau. It is located at 5-6F, Far East Finance Center 16, Harcourt Road, Admiralty, Hong Kong. It is one of the first South Korean overseas missions since the country's foundation, opened in British Hong Kong under approval of the United Kingdom in 1949, going through promotion and expansion in its history. Following the Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to China in 1997, the Consulate General was able to keep its presence according to a Sino-Korean agreement concerning foreign missions stationed in Hong Kong.

Harcourt Road
Harcourt Road (Chinese: 夏慤道) is a major highway in Admiralty, Hong Kong, connecting Central with Wan Chai. It starts at Murray Road, and ends at Arsenal Street. The road is 780 metres (approx. half a mile) in length, and carries four lanes of traffic on either side. The section of Harcourt Road running westbound between Rodney Street and Cotton Tree Drive features a frontage road.
2011–12 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team
The 2011–12 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team represented Stephen F. Austin University in the 2011–12 men's college basketball season. This was head coach Danny Kaspar's twelfth season at SFA. The Lumberjacks play their home games at the William R. Johnson Coliseum. They are members of the West Division of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 20–12, 12–4 in Southland play to finish in second place in the West Division. They lost in the semifinals of the Southland Basketball tournament to Lamar. Despite having 20 wins, they did not participate in a post season tournament.

2012 Southland Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2012 Southland Conference men's basketball tournament, a part of the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place March 7, 8 and 10, 2012 at the Merrell Center in Katy, Texas The winner of the tournament received the Southland Conference's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Tournament.
Avik Bhattacharya
Avik Bhattacharya (born 1976) is a professor at the Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. He has been  working in the field of radar polarimetry theory and applications for more than a decade. His main focuses on the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for land use classification, change detection and qualitative and quantitative biophysical and  geophysical information estimation.

Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
The Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) (formerly Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS)) is a branch of Natural Resources Canada's Earth Science Sector. It was created in 1970 with Lawrence Morley as the first Director General. The department also works closely with the private sector, especially with the development of GIS software.
Naïve physics
Naïve physics or folk physics is the untrained human perception of basic physical phenomena. In the field of artificial intelligence the study of naïve physics is a part of the effort to formalize the common knowledge of human beings.

Many ideas of folk physics are simplifications, misunderstandings, or misperceptions of well-understood phenomena, incapable of giving useful predictions of detailed experiments, or simply are contradicted by more thorough observations. They may sometimes be true, be true in certain limited cases, be true as a good first approximation to a more complex effect, or predict the same effect but misunderstand the underlying mechanism.

Naïve physics is characterized by a mostly intuitive understanding humans have about objects in the physical world. Certain notions of the physical world may be innate.

Common knowledge
Common knowledge is knowledge that is publicly known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the knowledge is referenced.  Common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science, literature, history, or entertainment. Since individuals often have different knowledge bases, common knowledge can vary and it may sometimes take large-scale studies to know for certain what is common knowledge amongst large groups of people. Often, common knowledge does not need to be cited. Common knowledge is distinct from general knowledge.

In broader terms, common knowledge is used to refer to information that an agent would accept as valid, such as information that multiple users may know. Assigning something the label of common knowledge requires certain considerations about the involved community, group, society and/or individuals, the time period, and the location.
KLM Flight 844
KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines) Flight 844 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Biak-Mokmer Airport, Dutch New Guinea (now Indonesia) to Manila International Airport, Manila, Philippines on 16 July 1957, which crashed into Cenderawasih Bay 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi; 0.65 nmi) from its departure airport. As a result, 58 (9 of which were crew members) out of 68 onboard perished. The flight was the first leg of a service with the ultimate destination of Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
The Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation is an American aircraft, a member of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft line. The aircraft was colloquially referred to as the Super Connie.

The L-1049 was Lockheed's response to the successful Douglas DC-6 airliner, first flying in 1950. The aircraft was produced for both the United States Navy as the WV / R7V and U.S. Air Force as the C-121 for transport, electronics, and airborne early warning and control aircraft.
The Streak (professional wrestling)
The Streak was a series of 21 consecutive victories for professional wrestler The Undertaker (Mark Calaway) at WWE's annual flagship marquee event, WrestleMania. It began at WrestleMania VII in 1991 when he beat Jimmy Snuka, with the final win coming against CM Punk at WrestleMania 29 in 2013; the Undertaker was absent from WrestleMania X in 1994 and WrestleMania 2000, owing to injury. Overall, he defeated 18 men during the Streak, which included three bouts with Triple H and two each opposite Kane and Shawn Michaels, as well as a handicap match against A-Train and Big Show at WrestleMania XIX.

The Streak became the cornerstone of WrestleMania, with a potential win over The Undertaker at the event being described as a greater honor than winning the WWE Championship. For years, debate had revolved around who, if anybody, should break the Streak, with prominent wrestlers giving comment. At WrestleMania XXX in 2014, The Undertaker lost by pinfall to Brock Lesnar, thus ending the Streak.

Paul Bearer
William Alvin Moody (April 10, 1954 – March 5, 2013) was an American professional wrestling manager. He performed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) under the ring name and gimmick of Paul Bearer, manager of The Undertaker and his storyline son/Undertaker's storyline half-brother, Kane.