hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fortress in Bukbu-dong, Yangsan
The Fortress in Bukbu-dong, Yangsan (Korean: 양산 북부동 산성; Hanja: 梁山北部洞山城) was a Korean fortress in what is now Yangsan, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, its former site was made a Historic Site of South Korea.

It is unknown when the fortress was built. Artifacts dated to the 5th century have been identified in the area. It is recorded in the Samguk sagi that a fortress was created in this area around 687, but it is unknown if this is the fortress in question. A large number of Silla culture artifacts have been discovered in the area, suggesting that it was Silla that constructed it.

Historic Sites (South Korea)
Historic Sites (Korean: 사적) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for places of important historical value. It is managed by the Administrator of the Cultural Heritage Administration, under article 25 of Cultural Heritage Protection Act of South Korea.

More recent structures, namely those from the late 19th century to the 1940s, are not eligible for listing as "Historic Sites", but rather may be officially listed under the designation 'Cultural Heritage of Early Modern Times' under 'Registered Cultural Heritage'. This can be done "if they are highly valuable and on the verge of destruction or deterioration".
Thomas Frankson
Thomas Frankson (September 16, 1869 – June 8, 1939) was born in York Township, Minnesota.  He was the 22nd Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota from 1917 to 1921. Frankson was a lawyer, real estate developer, and politician. He died June 8, 1939, in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Frankson lived in Spring Valley, Minnesota before moving to St. Paul, where he developed land under the company name, Frankson's Land Agency, and raised bison. He built a home at 1349 Midway Parkway on the Western border of Como Park in St. Paul that is referred to as the Thomas Frankson House today. He raised bison in a private buffalo pasture a few blocks West of his home near what is now Bison Street and Holy Childhood Catholic Church and School. The street to the North of Midway Parkway was named after him.

Frankson spent about $30,000 campaigning for the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor.

Frankson was married to Hannah Inglebret.

In 1915, Frankson donated two bison to the Como Zoo and Conservatory.

Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota
The lieutenant governor of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Fifty individuals have held the office of lieutenant governor since statehood. The incumbent is Peggy Flanagan, a DFLer and the first Native American elected to a statewide executive office in Minnesota's history.
Meyendorff Castle
Meyendorff Castle or Meindorf Castle (Russian: Мейендорф or Мейндорф) is a Châteauesque architectural extravaganza constructed at the turn of the 20th century to Pyotr Boytsov's designs as a private residence of the Swedish-Baltic German Meyendorf family, (a cadet line of the Baltic German noble House of Uexküll). Located between Barvikha and Odintsovo along Podushkinskoye Highway (Russian: Подушкинское шоссе) A106 in Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast west of Moscow, the castle was constructed between 1874 and 1885.

Odintsovo
Odintsovo (Russian: Одинцово, IPA: [ɐdʲɪnˈtsovə]) is a city and the administrative center of Odintsovsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Western suburb of Moscow. Population: 180,530 (2021 census); 138,930 (2010 census); 134,844 (2002 census); 125,149 (1989 Soviet census).
Sluger
Sluger (plural slugeri; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈslud͡ʒer], [sluˈd͡ʒer]; sometimes also sulger [ˈsuld͡ʒer]) was a historical rank traditionally held by boyars in Moldavia and Wallachia, roughly corresponding to a sort of Intendant or Master of the Larder. It originated in the Slavic služar.

Slugeri were in charge of supplying the courts of Moldavian or Wallachian Princes with meat mainly beef. They were also in charge of distributing meat to the court households.

Historical Romanian ranks and titles
This is a glossary of historical Romanian ranks and titles used in the principalities of Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania, and later in Romania. Many of these titles are of Slavic etymology, with some of Greek, Latin, and Turkish etymology; several are original (such as armaș, paharnic, jitnicer and vistiernic). Various boier titles correspond to various honorary services at the Court, but often they were associated with various actual governmental duties as well.

Mare (Romanian), vel (Slavic) or baș (Turkish) are composing parts used with other titles. Synonymous with the Byzantine "Megas", they precede a title or rank: Mare Vornic, Mare Stolnic, Vel Paharnic, Vel Pitar, Vel Logofăt, Baș Boier, etc.
Timeline of same-sex marriage
This article contains a timeline of significant events regarding same-sex marriage and legal recognition of same-sex couples worldwide. It begins with the history of same-sex unions during ancient times, which consisted of unions ranging from informal and temporary relationships to highly ritualized unions, and continues to modern-day state-recognized same-sex marriage. Events concerning same-sex marriages becoming legal in a country or in a country's state are listed in bold.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (in case citations, 4th Cir.) is a federal court located in Richmond, Virginia, with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Maryland

Eastern District of North Carolina

Middle District of North Carolina

Western District of North Carolina

District of South Carolina

Eastern District of Virginia

Western District of Virginia

Northern District of West Virginia

Southern District of West Virginia

The court is based at the Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse in Richmond, Virginia. With 15 authorized judgeships, it is the 4th largest circuit among the 13 United States Courts of Appeals.
Kano model
The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction developed in the 1980s by Noriaki Kano. This model provides a framework for understanding how different features of a product or service impact customer satisfaction, allowing organizations to prioritize development efforts effectively. According to the Kano Model, customer preferences are classified into five distinct categories, each representing different levels of influence on satisfaction.

Quality function deployment
Quality function deployment (QFD) is a method developed in Japan beginning in 1966 to help transform the voice of the customer into engineering characteristics for a product. Yoji Akao, the original developer, described QFD as a "method to transform qualitative user demands into quantitative parameters, to deploy the functions forming quality, and to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts, and ultimately to specific elements of the manufacturing process." The author combined his work in quality assurance and quality control points with function deployment used in value engineering.
Stadion Karađorđev park
Karađorđe's Park Stadium (Serbian: Стадион Карађорђев парк / Stadion Karađorđev park) is a multi-purpose stadium in Zrenjanin, Serbia. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is capable of seating 18,500 people.

Zrenjanin
Zrenjanin is a city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city urban area has a population of 67,129 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 105,722 inhabitants (2022 census data). The old name for Zrenjanin is Veliki Bečkerek or Nagybecskerek as it was known under Austria-Hungary up until 1918. After World War I and the liberation of Veliki Bečkerek the new name of the city was Petrovgrad, in honor of His Majesty King Peter I the Great Liberator, the King of Serbia and the King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Zrenjanin is the second largest city in the Serbian part of the Banat geographical region, and the 4th largest city in Vojvodina (after Novi Sad, Subotica and Pančevo). The city was designated European City of Sport 2021.
NGC 1320
NGC 1320 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Eridanus. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 2,620 ± 15 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 38.6 ± 2.7 Mpc (~126 million ly). It was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1784.

The luminosity class of NGC 1320 is I and it is an active Seyfert 2 galaxy. NGC 1320 is a galaxy whose core shines in the ultraviolet region. It is listed in the Markarian catalog under the symbol Mrk 607 (MK 607).

To date, a non-redshift-based measurement gives a distance of approximately 37,700 Mpc (~123 million ly). This value is within the Hubble distance values.

Markarian galaxies
The Markarian galaxies are a class of galaxies that have nuclei with excessive amounts of ultraviolet emissions compared with other galaxies. Benjamin Markarian drew attention to these types of galaxies starting in 1963.  The nuclei of the galaxies had a blue colour, associated to stars in the classes from O to A. This blue core did not match the rest of the galaxy.  The spectrum in detail tends to show a continuum that Markarian concluded was produced non-thermally.  Most of these have emission lines and are characterized by highly energetic activity.
Markarian Catalogue entries are of the form "Markarian ####", and can frequently use the abbreviations Mrk, Mkr, Mkn; and rarely Ma, Mk, Mark.
Royal tours of Jamaica
Royal tours of Jamaica by Jamaica's royal family have been taking place since the 20th century. Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (r. 1962–2022), visited the island six times; in 1953, 1966, 1975, 1983, 1994, and 2002.

Other members of the royal family have also paid visits.

Parliament of Jamaica
17°58′26″N 76°47′26″W﻿ / ﻿17.9740°N 76.7906°W﻿ / 17.9740; -76.7906

The Parliament of Jamaica (Jamaican Patois: Paaliment a Jumieka) is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. Officially, they are known as the Houses of Parliament. It consists of three elements: The Crown (represented by the Governor-General), the appointed Senate and the directly elected House of Representatives.

The Senate, the Upper House, is the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council" and comprises 21 senators appointed by the Governor-General: thirteen on the advice of the Prime Minister and eight on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.

The House of Representatives, the Lower House, is made up of 63 (previously 60) Members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies.
Tramuntanasaurus
Tramuntanasaurus  is an extinct genus of moradisaurine captorhinid that lived during the late Early Permian (Artinskian–Kungurian) or early Middle Permian (early Roadian) in what is now the island of Mallorca of the Balearic Islands. The genus is only known by its type species, Tramuntanasaurus tiai, which was named in 2023 by Rafel Matamales-Andreu, Eudald Mujal, Àngel Galobart and Josep Fortuny, from an almost complete skeleton discovered in 2019.

Moradisaurus
Moradisaurus is an extinct genus of large captorhinid tetrapods, with a single species Moradisaurus grandis, known from the late Permian (Lopingian) aged Moradi Formation of Niger. It is the largest captorhinid known, estimated to have reached a snout-vent length of over two metres. Similar to other members of Moradisaurinae, it possessed multiple tooth rows, which is associated with a high-fiber herbivorous diet.

The holotype is MNHN MRD1, a skull that was discovered during the late 1960s.
Shanti Bishwakarma
Shanti Bishwakarma is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the dalit people category.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
Boris Petrovich Polevoy
Boris Petrovich Polevoy, also Polevoi (Russian: Борис Петрович Полевой; 10 May 1918 – 26 January 2002) was a Soviet historian known for his work on the history of the Russian Far East. He was honored in Kamchatka for his work on the study of the region's history,
and has been described in the West as "a leading Soviet specialist on the history of Russian cartography".

Sino-Russian border conflicts
The Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) were a series of intermittent skirmishes between the Qing dynasty of China, with assistance from the Joseon dynasty of Korea, and the Tsardom of Russia by the Cossacks in which the latter tried and failed to gain the land north of the Amur River with disputes over the Amur region. The hostilities culminated in the Qing siege of the Cossack fort of Albazin in 1686 and resulted in the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 which gave the land to China.
Ebed-Melech
Ebed-Melech (Hebrew: עֶבֶד-מֶלֶךְ ‘Eḇeḏmeleḵ; Latin: Abdemelech; Ge'ez: አቤሜሌክ) is a character who appears in Jeremiah 38 and 39. When Jeremiah had been thrown into a cistern and left to die, Ebed-Melech came to rescue him. As a result, Jeremiah relayed God's message to him that he would survive the coming destruction of Jerusalem.

The name Ebed-Melech combines the Hebrew words servant and king, but scholars disagree on whether this combination is intended to be a title or personal name. He served in the palace of Zedekiah, King of Judah during the Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE).  The text states that he was a Cushite. According to Emmanuel Tov, the story exists in Hebrew and Greek versions that differ in length. The most important difference is that the LXX text, which Tov considers the original, does not call Ebed-Melech a eunuch.

Many draw parallels between the story of Ebed-Melech and that of another Ethiopian eunuch in Acts 8:26-40.

Zedekiah
Zedekiah (/ˌzɛdɪˈkaɪə/ ZED-ih-KY-ə; born Mattaniah;, Hebrew: צִדְקִיָּהוּ, romanized: Ṣiḏqîyāhū, "Yah is righteousness", c. 618 BC – after 586 BC) was the twentieth and final King of Judah before the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.

After the siege of Jerusalem in 597 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II deposed king Jeconiah and installed his uncle Mattaniah instead, changing his name to Zedekiah (2 Kings 24:17). The prophet Jeremiah was his counselor, yet he did not heed the prophet and his epitaph is "he did evil in the sight of the Lord" (2 Kings 24:19–20; Jeremiah 52:2–3).

William F. Albright dates the start of Zedekiah's reign to 598 BC, while Edwin R. Thiele gives the start in 597 BC. On that reckoning, Zedekiah was born in c. 617 BC or 618 BC, being twenty-one on becoming king. Zedekiah's reign ended with the siege and fall of Jerusalem to Nebuchadnezzar II, which has been dated to 587 or 586 BC.
Walthamstow Stadium
Walthamstow Stadium was a greyhound racing track in the London Borough of Waltham Forest in east London. It was regarded as the leading greyhound racing stadium in Britain following the closure of White City in 1984. The stadium closed on 16 August 2008.

Gala Bingo
Gala Bingo is an online bingo and casino offering under the ownership of Entain.

Gala Bingo was created in 1991 as a division of Bass plc. It later became an independent company, and then became the Gala Coral Group after acquiring Coral Eurobet in 2005. After the sale of its 126 clubs in 2015 to Caledonia Investments (who rebranded them as Buzz Bingo in September 2018), Gala Coral retained the online Gala services and was later acquired by Ladbrokes (which was later acquired by GVC Holdings).
From Justin to Kelly
From Justin to Kelly is a 2003 American musical romantic comedy film, written by Kim Fuller and directed by Robert Iscove. The movie features Kelly Clarkson, the winner of the first season of American Idol, and Justin Guarini, the runner-up. A critical and commercial failure, the film received the Golden Raspberry Award for "Worst 'Musical' of Our First 25 Years" in 2005. It has gained a reputation as one of the worst movies ever made.

Justin Guarini (album)
Justin Guarini is the self-titled debut album from American Idol season one runner-up Justin Guarini. It was released by RCA Records on June 10, 2003. The album debuted and peaked at number twenty on the US Billboard 200 with first week sales of 57,000 units. By October 2008, it had sold 143,000 copies.
Negligence per se
Negligence per se is a doctrine in US law whereby an act is considered negligent because it violates a statute (or regulation). The doctrine is effectively a form of strict liability.

Negligence per se means greater liability than contributory negligence.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Cytochrome P450 (individual enzymes)
In biochemistry, cytochrome P450 enzymes have been identified in all kingdoms of life: animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea, as well as in viruses. As of 2018, more than 300,000 distinct CYP proteins are known.

CYP1A2
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the human body. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the CYP1A2 gene.
Aaron Chalmers (television personality)
Aaron Chalmers (born 26 May 1987) is an English retired mixed martial artist, reality television personality and professional boxer. He appeared in the reality shows Geordie Shore and Ex on the Beach. He competed in Bellator MMA.

Wembley Arena
Wembley Arena (/ˈwɛmbli/) (originally the Empire Pool, currently known as OVO Arena Wembley for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena next to Wembley Stadium in Wembley,  Greater London, England.  The 12,500-seat facility is Greater London's second-largest indoor arena after the O2 Arena, and the ninth-largest in the United Kingdom.

The Empire Pool (also known as Empire Pool and Sports Arena) was built for the 1934 British Empire Games by Arthur Elvin. As its original name suggested, it was where the games' swimming events were held. The pool was last used for the 1948 Summer Olympics. The modern arena is now used as a venue for music, comedy, family entertainment and sport.
Deoghar Airport
Deoghar Airport (IATA: DGH, ICAO: VEDO) is a domestic airport serving Deoghar in the state of Jharkhand, India. It is situated approximately 12 kilometres (7.4 mi) from the city centre. The airport has been primarily developed to serve the region of North-Eastern part of Jharkhand and some districts of West Bengal and Bihar. It also caters millions of pilgrims of Baidyanath Temple across the country and Sammed Shikarji for Jains. It is spread over 654 acres (265 ha). The airport has a 2,500 meter long runway, capable of handling Airbus A320, A321 and Boeing 737 type of aircraft. Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the airport on 25 May 2018, and it was opened on 12 July 2022.

Deoghar district
Deoghar district (pronounced, Devo ka ghar) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Deoghar, the central city of the district, is also its administrative headquarters. This district is known for the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga shrine and is a part of the Santhal Pargana division. Deoghar is a Hindi word meaning abode ('ghar') of the Gods and Goddesses ('dev'). Deoghar is also known as "Baidyanath Dham", and "Baba Dham",.
Trevor Berbick
Trevor Berbick (1 August 1954 – 28 October 2006) was a Jamaican professional boxer who competed from 1976 to 2000. He won the WBC heavyweight title in 1986 by defeating Pinklon Thomas, then lost it in his first defense in the same year to Mike Tyson. Berbick was the last boxer to fight Muhammad Ali, defeating him in 1981 by unanimous decision.

As an amateur, Berbick won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1975 Pan American Games. In both his early and late professional career he held the Canadian heavyweight title twice, from 1979 to 1986 and 1999 to 2001. Berbick is the only boxer to have fought Muhammad Ali, Larry Holmes, and Mike Tyson.

Portland Parish
Portland (Jamaican Patois: Puotlan), with its capital town Port Antonio, is a parish located on Jamaica's northeast coast. It is situated to the north of St Thomas and to the east of St Mary in Surrey County. It is one of the rural areas of Jamaica, containing part of the Blue Mountains, where the Jamaican Maroon communities of Moore Town and Charles Town are located.
Shenjing railway station
Shenjing railway station (Chinese: 深井站; pinyin: Shēnjǐng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Sāmjéng Jaahm) is a station on Pazhou–Lianhuashan intercity railway located in Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It opened on 29 September 2025.

Huangpu, Guangzhou
Huangpu, alternately romanized as Whampoa, is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. Despite its name, it does not include Huangpu Island (now Pazhou) or its famous anchorage. Huangpu absorbed Guangzhou's former Luogang District in 2014. The district has been awarded the status of "Happiest District of China" in 2020.
Tarakai, Swabi
Tarakai is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.

Pakistan portal

Razar Tehsil
Razzar is a tehsil located in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Its administrative seat is located in Shewa Adda near Kalu Khan. It consists of different villages and union councils, including, Sheikh Jana, Yaqubi, Yar Hussain, Sudhir, Sardcheena,  Babo Dehri, Dobian, Kalukhan, Asota Sharif, Shewa, Kernal Sher Kallay  (Naudeh), Adina, Ismaila, Turlandi, Naranji, and Farmoli. The villages of Dagai, Taraki and Rashaki are also part of Razzar Tehsil.
2018 Dubai Tour
The 2018 Dubai Tour was a road cycling stage race that took place in Dubai between 6 and 10 February 2018. It was the fifth edition of the Dubai Tour and was rated as a 2.HC event as part of the 2018 UCI Asia Tour.

2018 UCI Asia Tour
The 2018 UCI Asia Tour was the 14th season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 28 October 2017 with the Tour of Hainan and ended 21 October 2018.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Asia Tour cycling jersey.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2