hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lucca–Aulla railway
The Lucca-Aulla railway also known as the Garfagnana railway is an Italian railway branch line. Running from the city of Lucca the line crosses the Garfagnana and Lunigiana regions to join the Parma–La Spezia railway in Aulla.

The railway is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI) and passenger traffic is operated by Trenitalia, both of which are subsidiaries of Italy's state-owned rail company Ferrovie dello Stato (FS).

Lucca railway station
Lucca railway station (Italian: Stazione di Lucca) is the main station serving Lucca, Tuscany. It lies on the Viareggio–Florence line and functions as both a through station and a terminus for regional trains from Florence, Viareggio, Pisa, Livorno, and Aulla.

The station is served only by Trenitalia regional trains, covering local routes in Tuscany and nearby areas.

While important, Lucca is not the busiest hub in the province, Viareggio holds that role. The former freight yard was moved to Frizzone, between Capannori and Porcari.

The infrastructure is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), and commercial areas by Centostazioni.
Criminal Law Act 1827
The Criminal Law Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 28) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, applicable only to England and Wales. The act abolished many obsolete procedural devices in English criminal law, particularly the benefit of clergy.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The enactments replaced by the act were repealed by the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27).

Similar provisions were made for Ireland by the Criminal Law (Ireland) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 54) and for India by the Criminal Law (India) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 74).

English property law
English property law is the law of acquisition, sharing and protection of valuable assets in England and Wales. While part of the United Kingdom, many elements of Scots property law are different. In England, property law encompasses four main topics:

English land law, or the law of "real property"

English trusts law

English personal property law

United Kingdom intellectual property law

Property in land is the domain of the law of real property. The law of personal property is particularly important for commercial law and insolvency. Trusts affect everything in English property law. Intellectual property is also an important branch of the law of property. For unregistered land see Unregistered land in English law.
1998 Superbike World Championship
The 1998 Superbike World Championship was the eleventh FIM Superbike World Championship season. The season started on 22 March at Phillip Island and finished on 4 October at Sugo after 12 rounds.

The season saw the introduction of a revised qualifying system: after two timed qualifying sessions, the sixteen fastest riders were admitted to the newly created Superpole, which determined the first four rows of the starting grid; during this session each rider went on the track in reverse qualifying order to take a single flying lap.

Carl Fogarty, who amassed three race victories during the season, won the riders' championship for the third time after 1994 and 1995; Fogarty prevailed over Aaron Slight at the last round, while Troy Corser, who had entered the final event leading the standings, could not race due to injury. Ducati won the manufacturers' championship.

This season also saw the round at Sentul being dropped from the 1998 calendar due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

1994 Superbike World Championship
The 1994 Superbike World Championship was the seventh FIM Superbike World Championship season. The season started on 2 May at Donington and finished on 30 October at Phillip Island after 11 rounds.

Carl Fogarty won the riders' championship with 10 victories and Ducati won the manufacturers' championship.
Ridley Scott's unrealised projects
During his long career, English film director Ridley Scott has worked on a number of projects that never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his direction. Some of these projects fell into development hell or were officially canceled.

Scott Free Productions
Scott Free Productions is a British-American film and television production company founded by English filmmakers and brothers Ridley and Tony Scott in 1995. The result of multiple mergers between companies established by the Scott brothers since 1971, it currently has offices in London and Los Angeles.

The company has produced films such as G.I. Jane (1997), Enemy of the State (1998), Gladiator (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), Hannibal (2001), Matchstick Men (2003), Man on Fire (2004), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), American Gangster (2007), Prometheus (2012), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), House of Gucci (2021), Alien: Romulus (2024), and Gladiator II (2024), as well as television series such as The Good Wife (2009–2016).
Mykhailivka Raion
Mykhailivka Raion (Ukrainian: Михайлівський район) was one of raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region was the urban-type settlement of Mykhailivka. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast to five. The area of Mykhailivka Raion was merged into Vasylivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 27,862 (2020 est.).

Vasylivka Raion
Vasylivka Raion (Ukrainian: Василівський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is the town of Vasylivka. Population: 181,271 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Vasylivka Raion was significantly expanded.  The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 60,962 (2020 est.).
Architecture of the London Borough of Croydon
The London Borough of Croydon has a wide variety of buildings mainly from post-war through to modern. Much of the modern architecture in the borough is centred on the commercial centre of the town, with much of the Victorian designs spread out on both the northern and southern corridors of the borough. Many former warehouses and factories have been converted for other uses changing the external appearance of Croydon erratically.

Croydon also has a number of high rise buildings. Most were built during the sixties and seventies. However, in the last few years there has been a renewed interest in constructing tall buildings in Croydon. Numerous residential and office blocks are being built or have recently been built in the town centre. In 2023, Ten Degrees Croydon overtook Saffron Square as Croydon's tallest building.

Ashburton Learning Village
Ashburton Learning Village is a learning complex in Woodside, Greater London. It stands in the London Borough of Croydon, and is located near Ashburton Park. The village includes Ashburton Library, Oasis Academy Shirley Park, Croydon Music Service and a CALAT training centre. The complex was built after the old Ashburton Library was closed down.

The £20 million secondary school, library and community facilities is the borough's first education Private Finance Initiative (PFI) development.

Former energy minister Malcolm Wicks praised the new development in Croydon, for its ‘innovative design’ and ‘energy-efficient features’.

The then MP for Croydon North said:

The learning village will become a true beacon of excellence in our community. Apart from its huge potential in terms of education, it is significant that the building has taken sustainable energy seriously. It points to a better future, not only for education but also for clean energy.
Janus Island
Janus Island is a rocky island 370 m (0.2 nmi) long, lying 1 km (0.5 nmi) south of Litchfield Island, off the southwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago. Janus Island is the southernmost of the islands on the west side of the entrance to Arthur Harbor. Janus Island was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) following a survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955. The name Janus Island, for the ancient Roman deity Janus who was guardian of gates, arose because of the position of the island at the entrance to Arthur Harbor.

Litchfield Island
Litchfield Island is a rocky island 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) long and rising to 50 m (164 ft), lying in Arthur Harbour, 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) south of Norsel Point, off the south-west coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica.
Thomas Chestre
Thomas Chestre was the author of a 14th-century Middle English romance Sir Launfal, a verse romance of 1045 lines based ultimately on Marie de France's Breton lay Lanval.  He was possibly also the author of the 2200-line Libeaus Desconus, a story of Sir Gawain's son Gingalain based upon similar traditions to those that inspired Renaut de Beaujeu's late-12th-century or early-13th-century Old French romance Le Bel Inconnu, and also possibly of a Middle English retelling of the mid-13th-century Old French romance Octavian. Geoffrey Chaucer parodied Libeaus Desconus, among other Middle English romances, in his Canterbury Tale of Sir Thopas.

Renaud de Beaujeu
Renaud de Beaujeu or Renaut de Bâgé or de Baugé is the name of a medieval French author of Arthurian romance. He is known for only one major work, Le Bel Inconnu, the Fair Unknown, a poem of 6266 lines in Old French that was composed in the late-twelfth or early-thirteenth century. Renaud left us his name at the end of this poem: 'Renals de Biauju, or, as usually written, Renaud de Beaujeu', In modern French he is known as Renaut de Beaujeu. Le Bel Inconnu survives in only one manuscript: Chantilly, Bibliothèque du Château/Musée Condé, 472.
David Litman
David Litman was an American-French, born in New York in 1957, he lived in the UK from 1967 to 1975. He attended Sussex House School from 1968 to 1971 and City of London School from 1971 to 1975. He is a graduate of Cornell University (1979) and Cornell Law School (1982).

In 1991 David Litman, along with Bob Diener, founded Hotel Reservations Network (HRN), which later became Hotels.com in 2001. He was voted as the best performing lodging industry CEO of 2002.  Litman sold the company to IAC in 2003.

In 2009, Litman and Bob Diener launched Getaroom.com, a hotel booking site. Litman currently co-chairs the Texas Business for Clean Air with Garrett Boone, founder of Dallas-based the Container Store.

Sussex House School
Sussex House School (commonly known as Sussex House), is a boys’ preparatory school located in Chelsea, London. Founded in 1952, the school occupies a house designed by Norman Shaw at 68 Cadogan Square, and since 1994 has operated as an independent charitable trust. It typically has a roll of between 180 and 190 pupils.

Affiliated to the Church of England, pupils use nearby St Simon Zelotes as the school chapel. Sussex House offers a variety of sports but is known in particular for its success in fencing. The headmaster maintains links with Eton, KCS Wimbledon, St Paul's, Westminster School, and Winchester College; in any given year around 80 per cent of leavers depart for one of these institutions.

Former pupils are known as Old Cadogans and include actor Daniel Radcliffe, author Edward St Aubyn, gerontologist Aubrey de Grey, and filmmaker Matthew Vaughn.
1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1886.

Republican nominee Jeremiah McLain Rusk defeated Democratic nominee Gilbert M. Woodward, Union Labor Party nominee John Cochrane, and Prohibition nominee John Myers Olin with 46.53% of the vote.

Sawyer County, Wisconsin
Sawyer County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, its population was 18,074. Its county seat is Hayward. The county partly overlaps with the reservation of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
2012–13 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2012–13 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-eighth since its establishment. The league is the uppermost in San Marino, in which the country's top 15 amateur football clubs play. The season began on 14 September 2012 and ended with the play-off final in May 2013. Tre Penne are the defending league champions, having won their first ever Sammarinese championship last season. Tre Penne retained their title, defeating ten-man AC Libertas 5–3 on penalties in a repeat of the previous year's play-off final.

SS Folgore Falciano Calcio
SS Folgore Falciano Calcio is a Sanmarinese football club based in Falciano, Serravalle. The club was founded in 1972. Folgore currently plays in Girone A of Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colours are red, yellow and black.
2003–04 FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup
The 2003/04 FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup was the 13th in a row (11th official) Continental Cup winter season and the 2nd summer season in ski jumping for men.

Other competitive circuits this season included the World Cup and Grand Prix.

2003 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2003 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix was the 10th Summer Grand Prix season in ski jumping on plastic. Season began on 9 August 2003 in Hinterzarten, Germany and ended on 31 August 2003 in Innsbruck, Austria.
National Socialist Liberation Front
The National Socialist Liberation Front (NSLF) was an American neo-Nazi organization. The first NSLF was established in 1969 as a youth wing of the National Socialist White People's Party. In 1974, Joseph Tommasi founded another group of the same name, though it was almost entirely unrelated to the original NSLF barring his involvement. The new NSLF was known for its explicitly terroristic approach and actions. After Tommasi was murdered in 1975, he was succeeded successively by several different leaders. The NSLF was shuttered by its final leader, Karl Hand, in 1986.

Jeffrey Kaplan (academic)
Jeffrey Kaplan (March 23, 1954 – March 12, 2025) was an American academic who wrote and edited a number of books on racism, religious violence, terrorism and the far-right. He was an associate professor of religion at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh and sat on the editorial boards of the journals Terrorism and Political Violence, Nova Religio and The Pomegranate. Kaplan authored and edited several books in his career, including Radical Religion in America, Nation and Race, and the Encyclopedia of White Power.
Stellingwarfs dialect
Stellingwarfs (Dutch: Stellingwerfs) is a Westphalian and Friso-Saxon dialect spoken in Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf in the Dutch province of Friesland, and also in Steenwijkerland and Westerveld in the Dutch province of Overijssel and Drenthe.

Like Het Bildt and Leeuwarden, Weststellingwerf and Ooststellingwerf are among the municipalities of Friesland where West Frisian is not spoken.

The language was identified by the government of the Netherlands in 1996 within Low Saxon.

Westerveld
Westerveld (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛstərˈvɛlt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands.

The municipality Westerveld was established in 1998 out of the municipalities of Diever, Dwingeloo, Havelte, and Vledder.
Westerveld is crossed by a channel, the Drentsche Hoofdvaart. There are also two National Parks situated in the municipality, the Drents-Friese Wold and Dwingelderveld.
Synapse Audio Software
Synapse Audio Software is a software company located in Germany. Previously known as Sonic Syndicate and headed by Richard Hoffmann, they develop music production software for the Mac OS and Microsoft Windows platforms. They started developing software in November 1998 as Sonic Syndicate and changed their name to Synapse Audio with the release of Orion Platinum in 2002.

Sonic Syndicate ran a competition for users to suggest new names for the company. The winner received a free copy of Orion Platinum.

Audio Units
Audio Units (AU) are a system-level plug-in architecture provided by Core Audio in Apple's macOS and iOS operating systems.  Audio Units are a set of application programming interface (API) services provided by the operating system to generate, process, receive, or otherwise manipulate streams of audio in near-real-time with minimal latency. It may be thought of as Apple's architectural equivalent to another popular plug-in format, Steinberg's Virtual Studio Technology (VST).

Because of the many similarities between Audio Units and VST, several commercial and free wrapping technologies are available (e.g. Symbiosis and FXpansion VST-AU Adapter). Celemony Software and PreSonus have also developed the Audio Random Access (ARA) extension, which works for both AU and VST, allowing greater integration between the plug-ins and DAW software.
Lien Chen-tung
Lien Chen-tung (Chinese: 連震東; 23 April 1904 – 1 December 1986) was a Taiwanese statesman and politician who was the tenth Republic of China Minister of the Interior. Lien was also the first official county magistrate of Taipei County, a representative of the National Assembly, a member of the Executive Yuan, and a national policy advisor to the Office of the President.  His son Lien Chan was the seventh Vice President of the Republic of China and a former chairman of the Kuomintang.

Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council
24°03′16″N 120°41′48″E﻿ / ﻿24.054416045198°N 120.696749312406°E﻿ / 24.054416045198; 120.696749312406

The Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council (TPCC) was the council of the streamlined Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. In July 2018, all duties of the Taiwan Provincial Government and TPCC were transferred to the National Development Council and other ministries of the Executive Yuan.
Kazakh–Oirat Wars
The Kazakh–Oirat Wars were a series of wars between the Oirat Confederation and the Kazakh Khanate spanning from the mid 16th to the early 17th century. This was the prelude of the Kazakh–Dzungar Wars and the Kazakh–Kalmyk Wars, as the Kazakhs and the Oirats fought for struggle for independence or to subjugate one another during the existence of the Oirat Confederation.

Talas River
The Talas (/təˈlɑːs/; Kazakh and Kyrgyz: [tʰɑɫɑ́s]) is a river which rises in the Talas Region of Kyrgyzstan and flows west into the Jambyl Region of Kazakhstan. The river is 661 kilometres (411 mi) long and has a basin area of 52,700 square kilometres (20,300 sq mi).
Corispermum hyssopifolium
Corispermum hyssopifolium is a species in the genus Corispermum of the family Amaranthaceae. It is found in dunes and sandy spots along rivers in central and western Europe, and in western North America  where it was exploited for its edible seeds prehistorically. An annual plant, it is between 10 and 60 centimeters (3.9–26.3 inches) high. It blooms in July and August. The fruits have narrow wings, of which the nontransparent edge becomes wider at the top, and on which spikes are mounted on a broad base each. The transparent half of the edge is narrow. The top stipules are ovate, with a peaked top.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Law of Egypt
The law of Egypt is primarily based on the Napoleonic Code, with additional influences from British and traditional Shari'a law. It has been the inspiration for the civil code of numerous other Middle Eastern jurisdictions, including Jordan, Bahrain, Qatar, pre-dictatorship kingdoms of Libya and Iraq, and the commercial code of Kuwait. Egypt's current constitution took effect on 18 January 2014, following several previous constitutions. The Constitution of Egypt is the fundamental law of the country. Egypt is notable for having maintained an unbroken judicial system from 1875 to the present day through several forms of government, although not without significant reforms.

Constitution of Egypt
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law of Egypt.
The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in January 2014. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 April 2019.
Ruddington Hall
Ruddington Hall is a country house standing in the grounds of a garden in Ruddington, Nottinghamshire, England. Ruddington Hall has been included in the art work of Nikolaus Pevsner alongside the Elizabethan Wollaton Hall and Newstead Abbey, ancestral home of Lord Byron. Pevsner described it as having a classical ethic of "calm grandeur, and monumental simplicity".

Newstead Abbey
Newstead Abbey, in Ravenshead, Nottinghamshire, England, was formerly an Augustinian priory. Converted to a domestic home following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, it is now best known as the ancestral home of Lord Byron. The Abbey is on the national Heritage at Risk Register.
Brynderi House, Llantilio Crossenny
Brynderi House, in the hamlet of Brynderi, Llantilio Crossenny, Monmouthshire is a country house with origins in the mid-18th century. The house was extensively rebuilt in the early 19th century in a Regency style. In the later 19th century the house become the dower house for Llantilio Court. A Grade II* listed building, it remains a private residence.

Joseph Bradney
Colonel Sir Joseph Alfred Bradney, CB DL JP FSA (11 January 1859 – 21 July 1933) was a British soldier, historian and antiquarian, best known for his multi-volume A History of Monmouthshire from the Coming of the Normans into Wales down to the Present Time.
Ruah Midbar
Ruah Midbar (Hebrew: רוּחַ מִדְּבָּר, lit. Desert Wind) is a rehabilitation centre in southern Israel. Located between Ashalim and Tlalim, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. In 2022 its population was 57.

The centre was opened in 2010 as a collaboration between the regional council, the Anti-Drug Authority, the Jewish National Fund, Mifal HaPayis, the Rashi Foundation and several government departments. It serves people suffering from drug and alcohol addiction and eating disorders, and is run by the Yahadu Association.

Ashalim
Ashalim (Hebrew: אשלים) is a small community settlement in southern Israel. Located in the Negev desert about 35 km south of Be'er Sheva and on the eastern side of Nahal Besor, the largest stream in the Negev, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 its population was 711. Nearby settlements include Ezuz and Nitzana.
Amir Ganah
Amir Chaim Ganah (or Haim Ganach, Hebrew: אמיר חיים גנאח; born (2004-09-07)7 September 2004) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Be'er Sheva and the Israel national team.

Toto Cup
The  Israel Toto Cup (Hebrew: גביע הטוטו, Gvia Ha'Toto) is an association football tournament that features clubs in the two highest divisions in Israel: the Israeli Premier League a.k.a. Ligat Ha'Al; and the Israeli 2nd division Liga Leumit. Both of these leagues are featured separately for the Israel Toto Cup –  at a distinct seasonal tournament for each of these two. They are simply referred to as Toto Cup Al and Toto Cup Leumit, in many global media outlets.

From 1999 to 2009, the tournament was also open to clubs from the third division, until the cancellation of Liga Artzit.

The Toto Cup is the third most important competition in Israeli football after the Israeli Premier League and the Israeli State Cup. As it isn't highly regarded, Israeli clubs use the games to rotate their squad and give fringe players and youth players a chance. However, the Israeli Sports Betting Council pays 1.25 million NIS to the winners, while the runners-up receive 950,000 NIS.