hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samantha Spiro
Samantha Spiro (born 20 June 1968) is an English actress and singer. She played Barbara Windsor in the stage play Cleo, Camping, Emmanuelle and Dick and the television films Cor, Blimey! and Babs, D.I. Vivien Friend in M.I.T.: Murder Investigation Team, Melessa Tarly in the HBO series Game of Thrones, and Maureen Groff in Sex Education. She has won two Laurence Olivier Awards.

Regent's Park Open Air Theatre
Regent's Park Open Air Theatre is an open-air theatre in Regent's Park in central London, established in 1932. Originally known for its Shakespearean productions, the theatre now features a wide variety of performances, including musicals, operas and plays simplified for children
Hip resurfacing
Hip resurfacing is a surgical alternative to total hip replacement (THR). The procedure consists of placing a cap (usually made of cobalt-chrome metal), which is hollow and shaped similarly to the cap of a mushroom, over the head of the femur while a matching metal cup (similar to what is used with a THR) is placed in the acetabulum (pelvis socket), replacing the articulating surfaces of the person's hip joint and removing very little bone compared to a THR.  When the person moves the hip, the movement of the joint induces synovial fluid to flow between the hard metal bearing surfaces lubricating them when the components are placed in the correct position. The surgeon's level of experience with hip resurfacing is most important; therefore, the selection of the right surgeon is  crucial for a successful outcome. Health-related quality of life measures are markedly improved and the person's satisfaction is favorable after hip resurfacing arthroplasty.

Arthroplasty
Arthroplasty (literally "[re-]forming of joint") is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure. It is an elective procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis or some other type of trauma.
Kew Gardens train crash
The Kew Gardens train crash (also known as the Richmond Hill disaster) was a collision between two trains on the Long Island Rail Road's Main Line, which occurred during the evening rush hour of November 22, 1950. The trains collided between Kew Gardens and Jamaica stations in Kew Gardens, Queens, New York City, killing 78 people and injuring 363. The crash is the worst railway accident in LIRR history, and one of the worst in the history of New York State.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
Battle of Rutherford's Farm
The Battle of Rutherford's Farm, also known as Carter's Farm and Stephenson's Depot, was a small engagement between Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur and Union forces under Brig. Gen. William W. Averell on July 20, 1864, in Frederick County, Virginia, during  the American Civil War, as part of Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early's Valley Campaign, resulting in a Union victory.

Pvt. John Shanes, Company K, 14th West Virginia Infantry, received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the fighting near Carter's Farm, where he, "charged upon a Confederate fieldpiece in advance of his comrades and by his individual exertions silenced the piece."

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Jonas Haskins
Jonas Haskins is the former bass player for the drone metal band Earth. Prior to playing in Earth, he was a part of numerous obscure Seattle-based bands, such as The Jesus Chords. He also has collaborated with Sera Cahoone. Also, Haskins is a former employee of AdReady, Inc. based in Seattle, Washington where he worked as Senior Network Administrator.

Sera Cahoone
Sera Cahoone (born August 4, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter from Seattle, Washington. Cahoone's music combines elements of classic country-western and modern indie rock and lo-fi music. She is also a drummer, most notably having played drums for the bands Carissa's Wierd and Band of Horses.
Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas
Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas is an anti-drug joint operation in two Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León by Federal Police and the Mexican Armed Forces. The objective of the joint operation is to eliminate Los Zetas and Gulf Cartel operations in the area. So far, many cartel members have been either killed or arrested. Recently Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel have broken relations and started fighting each other.

Mexican Army
The Mexican Army (Spanish: Ejército Mexicano), also known as the National Defense Army, is the combined land and air branch of the Mexican Armed Forces. It includes the Mexican Air Force, the Special Forces Body, and the National Guard.

With an active-duty force of 261,773 servicemembers (as of 2024), the Army is the largest component of the Mexican Armed Forces and among the largest armies in the world. It is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence, who is directly answerable to the President.

The Mexican Army was the first to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle.
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup Group K
Group K was one of four groups of the second round of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup. It took place from 7 to 9 September 2019, and consisted of the top-two teams from Groups E and F. The results from the preliminary round were carried over. The teams from Group E played the teams from Group F, for a total of two games per team, with all matches played at Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre, Shenzhen. After all of the games were played, the top two teams advanced to the quarter-finals, the third placed team was classified 9 to 12, and the fourth placed team 13 to 16.

2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup final round
The final round was the knockout stage of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup. It took place from 10 to 15 September 2019, and consisted of the top-two teams from Groups I, J, K, and L. The round was played in a single-elimination tournament, with games being played at the Dongfeng Nissan Cultural and Sports Centre in Dongguan, the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai, and Wukesong Arena in Beijing. Teams that lost in the quarter-finals were relegated to the classification stage for places 5 to 8.
Lutjewinkel
Lutjewinkel is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of Heerhugowaard.

The village was first mentioned in 1680 as Lutke Winckel, and means "little Winkel". It was founded as a daughter settlement of Winkel.

Lutjewinkel was home to 171 people in 1840. It is best known for its 1906 cheese factory. It is one of the largest dairy factories and is nowadays owned by FrieslandCampina.

Heerhugowaard
Heerhugowaard (Dutch: [ˌɦeːrɦyɣoːˈʋaːrt] ⓘ; West Frisian Dutch: Heerhugoweard, Heregeweard or De Weard) is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West Friesland.

Heerhugowaard was previously a separate municipality, which merged with the former municipality of Langedijk into the new municipality of Dijk en Waard on 1 January 2022.
Slidre Municipality
Slidre is a former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The 1,422-square-kilometre (549 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1849. The area is now divided between Vestre Slidre Municipality and Øystre Slidre Municipality in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre was the village of Slidre. Other villages in the municipality included Beitostølen, Hegge, Heggenes, Lomen, Moane, Rogne, Røn, Skammestein, and Volbu.

Hegge, Innlandet
Hegge is a village in Øystre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on a hillside overlooking the north shore of the lake Heggefjorden. The village of Heggenes lies about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the southeast and the village of Skammestein lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest. The Norwegian County Road 51 runs through the village. The medieval Hegge Stave Church is located in the rural village.
Ministry of Postal Affairs (Norway)
The   Norwegian Ministry of Postal Affairs (Norwegian: Postdepartementet) was a Norwegian ministry that existed from 1860 to 1861. It was responsible for postal affairs.

It was established on 18 August 1860 as a successor of the General Post Directorate, which had been separated from the Ministry of the Interior as a government agency in 1857. It ceased to exist already on 1 October 1861, when it was merged with the Ministry of the Navy to form the Norwegian Ministry of the Navy and Postal Affairs.

The heads of the Ministry of Postal Affairs were Ketil Motzfeldt (1860), Erik Røring Møinichen (1860-1861), Christian Ludvig Diriks (temporary, 1861) and Erik Røring Møinichen again (1861).

A short-lived Ministry of Postal Affairs existed for some months in 1885. It was headed by Birger Kildal.

Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion (Norwegian: Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet, AID) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1846. It is responsible for the labour market, the working environment, pensions, welfare, social security, integration, immigration and asylum. Since 2023 the ministry has been led by Tonje Brenna of the Labour Party.
MÁV Class V40
The MÁV Class V40 was an electric locomotive of the Hungarian State Railways (MÁV) and the first production electric locomotive using the Kandó system. It had a wheel arrangement of 1'D1' or 2-8-2 and a single Metropolitan-Vickers traction motor driving through side rods.

Traction motor
A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains.

Traction motors are used in electrically powered railway vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles, including electric milk floats, trolleybuses, elevators, roller coasters, and conveyor systems, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (diesel–electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles.
North Kent Marshes
The North Kent Marshes in the far north of the county of Kent span the dry and wet south banks and inlets of the Thames Estuary in south-east England. The marshes are one of 22 environmentally sensitive areas recognised by the UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). They are in the Thames Gateway regional planning area. They include the 5,289-hectare (20.4 sq mi) South Thames Estuary and Marshes biological SSSI.

Thames Gateway
Thames Gateway is a term applied to an area around the Thames Estuary in the context of discourse around regeneration and further urbanisation. The term was first coined by the UK government and applies to an area of land stretching 70 kilometres (43 mi) east from inner east and south-east London on both sides of the River Thames and the Thames Estuary. It stretches from Westferry in Tower Hamlets to the Isle of Sheppey/Southend-on-Sea and extends across three ceremonial counties.
Sorta (band)
Sorta was a rock band based in Dallas, Texas. The band has been honored with various awards over the years, including awards for individual group members, and a "Best Act in Town" win in 2006. In September 2007, the band's keyboardist, Carter Albrecht (who also played with Edie Brickell & New Bohemians) was shot and killed by his girlfriend's neighbor.

Edie Brickell & New Bohemians
Edie Brickell & New Bohemians is an American alternative rock jam band that originated in Dallas, Texas, in the mid-1980s.  The band is widely known for their 1988 hit "What I Am" from the album Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars. Their music contains elements of rock, folk, blues, and jazz. Following the 1990 release of their second album Ghost of a Dog, lead singer Edie Brickell left the band and married singer-songwriter Paul Simon.  In 2006, she and the band launched a new web site and released a new album, Stranger Things.
Waalbrug
The Waalbrug is an arch bridge over the Waal River in Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands. The full length of the Waalbrug is 604 metres (1,982 ft), the middle of the arch being about 65 metres (213 ft) high. The arch itself is 244.1 metres (801 ft) long and was the longest arch in Europe at the time of construction.

Unlike many other bridges from the same period and with the same construction, like the IJsselbrug near Zwolle, the Graafsebrug and the John Frost Bridge at Arnhem, the Waalbrug is an arch bridge in the literal sense: all forces truly work on the two pylons.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
John A. Hannah
John Alfred Hannah (October 9, 1902 – February 23, 1991) was president of Michigan State College (later Michigan State University) for 28 years (1941–1969), making him the longest serving of MSU's presidents. He is credited with transforming the school from a regional undergraduate college into a large national research institution. After his resignation from the university, Hannah became head of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Anniversary
An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded.

Most countries celebrate national anniversaries, typically called national days. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government. There is no definite method for determining the date of establishment of an institution, and it is generally decided within the institution by convention. The important dates in a sitting monarch's reign may also be commemorated, an event often referred to as a "jubilee".
Central Colo
Central Colo is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the City of Hawkesbury west of Colo and to the south of the Colo River near its confluence with the Hawkesbury River.

City of Hawkesbury
The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area that is located on the far northwest fringe of the Greater Sydney area in New South Wales, Australia. The local government area is located in the Hawkesbury and Blue Mountains regions. Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River. Major towns in the City of Hawkesbury are Windsor and Richmond. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr. Les Sheather, an independent.
Rhythm of Structure
Rhythm of Structure is a multimedia interdisciplinary project founded in 2003. It features a series of exhibitions, performances, and academic projects that explore the interconnecting structures and process of mathematics and art, and language, as way to advance a movement of mathematical expression across the arts, across creative collaborative communities celebrating the rhythm and patterns of both ideas of the mind and the physical reality of nature.

DJ Spooky
Paul Dennis Miller (born September 6, 1970), known professionally as DJ Spooky, That Subliminal Kid, is an American electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called by critics "illbient" or "trip hop". He is a turntablist, record producer, philosopher, and author. He borrowed his stage name from the character The Subliminal Kid in the novel Nova Express by William S. Burroughs. Having studied philosophy and French literature at Bowdoin College, he has become a professor of Music Mediated Art at the European Graduate School and is the executive editor of Origin magazine.
History of the American legal profession
The history of the American legal profession covers the work, training, and professional activities of lawyers from the colonial era to the present.  Lawyers grew increasingly powerful in the colonial era as experts in the English common law, which was adopted by the colonies.  By the 21st century, over one million practitioners in the United States held law degrees, and many others served the legal system as justices of the peace, paralegals, marshals, and other aides.

Roscoe Pound
Nathan Roscoe Pound (October 27, 1870 – July 1, 1964) was an American legal scholar and educator. He served as dean of the University of Nebraska College of Law from 1903 to 1911 and was dean of Harvard Law School from 1916 to 1936. He was a member of Northwestern University, the University of Chicago Law School and the faculty at UCLA School of Law in the school's early years, from 1949 to 1952. The Journal of Legal Studies has identified Pound as one of the most cited legal scholars of the 20th century.
Bereitschaftsleiter
Bereitschaftsleiter (Readiness Leader) was a Nazi Party political rank which existed between 1939 and 1945.  There were three levels of the rank, known as Bereitschaftsleiter, Oberbereitschaftsleiter, and Hauptbereitschaftsleiter.

The rank was created to replace the older rank of Stellenleiter, itself a replacement of the even old rank of Zellenwart.  Those holding the rank of Bereitschaftsleiter were most often assigned to the position of Zellenleiter on the local level of the Nazi Party.  In the higher Party levels (County, Region, and National), the rank of Bereitschaftsleiter was used as a low level staff or clerical position.

Stellenleiter
Stellenleiter ([ˈʃtɛlənˌlaɪ̯.tɐ], transl. Department leader) was a Nazi Party political rank which existed between 1936 and 1939.  The rank was created as a mid-level political position intended to replace the older rank of Zellenwart ("cell guard"), also known as Zellenleiter.  In the early Nazi Party rank organization, the position of stellenleiter was senior to Mitarbeiter and junior to Amtsleiter.

The rank of stellenleiter was phased out of the Nazi Party in 1939, replaced by a new series of para-military political ranks.
Marjum Formation
The Marjum Formation is a Cambrian geological formation that overlies the Wheeler Shale in the House Range, Utah. It is named after its type locality, Marjum Pass, and was defined in 1908. The formation is known for its occasional preservation of soft-bodied tissue, and is slightly younger than the Burgess Shale, falling in the Ptychagnostus praecurrens trilobite zone.

Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At 508 million years old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.

The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at several localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass. Another outcrop is in Kootenay National Park 42 km to the south.
The Marriage of Sir Gawain
"The Marriage of Sir Gawain" is an English Arthurian ballad, collected as Child Ballad 31. Found in the Percy Folio, it is a fragmented account of the story of Sir Gawain and the loathly lady, which has been preserved in fuller form in the medieval poem The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle.: 288  The loathly lady episode itself dates at least back to Geoffrey Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" from The Canterbury Tales.: 291  Unlike most of the Child Ballads, but like the Arthurian "King Arthur and King Cornwall" and "The Boy and the Mantle", "The Marriage of Sir Gawain" is not a folk ballad but a song for professional minstrels.: 256

Child Ballads
The Child Ballads are 305 traditional ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century. Their lyrics and Child's studies of them were published as The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. The tunes of most of the ballads were collected and published by Bertrand Harris Bronson in and around the 1960s.
1981 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum
Presidential elections were held in Egypt on 13 October 1981 following the assassination of President Anwar Sadat on 6 October. House of Representatives speaker Sufi Abu Taleb became acting president until the new president was elected. The vote took the form of a referendum on the candidacy of vice president and interim prime minister Hosni Mubarak. According to the official results, 98% of voters voted in favour of Mubarak with voter turnout reported to be 81%.

Assassination of Anwar Sadat
On 6 October 1981, Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate the victory over Israel in the 1973 war, during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Although the motive has been debated, Sadat's assassination likely stemmed from Islamic nationalists, anti-imperialists, and pro-Palestinian groups opposed to Sadat's peace initiative with Israel and the United States relating to the Camp David Accords.
Drosera andersoniana
Drosera andersoniana, the sturdy sundew, is an erect perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It produces a basal rosette of leaves similar to that of D. peltata and the stem grows to 8–25 cm (3–10 in). Its pink-white to red flowers emerge from August to September. D. andersoniana grows in loamy soils near granite outcrops.

D. andersoniana was first described and named by William Vincent Fitzgerald but was first validly published by Alfred James Ewart and Jean White-Haney in 1909.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".