hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hollywood Memorial Church
Hollywood Memorial Church, also known as Hollywood Methodist Episcopal Church, was a church and community landmark located at the southeast corner of Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood Boulevard) and Weyse Avenue (now Vine Street) in what is now Hollywood, California. Built in 1903, it was the first congregational church in Hollywood.

Hollywood Boulevard
Hollywood Boulevard is a major east–west street in Los Angeles, California. It runs through the Hollywood, East Hollywood, Little Armenia, Thai Town, and Los Feliz districts. Its western terminus is at Sunset Plaza Drive in the Hollywood Hills and its eastern terminus is at Sunset Boulevard in Los Feliz. Hollywood Boulevard is famous for running through the tourist areas in central Hollywood, including attractions such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Ovation Hollywood shopping and entertainment complex.
1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 91st All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 3 September 1978, between Cork and Kilkenny. The Munster opponents defeated the defending Leinster champions on a score line of 1-15 to 2-8.

1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1978 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 92nd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 30 April 1978 and ended on 3 September 1978.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions.

On 3 September 1978, Cork won the championship following a 1–15 to 2–8 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 24th All-Ireland title, their third championship in succession.

Kilkenny's Liam "Chunky" O'Brien was the championship's top scorer with 1–23. Cork's John Horgan was the choice for Hurler of the Year.
Gräfelfing
Gräfelfing (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁɛːfl̩fɪŋ]) is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 1 km west of Munich.

The name "Gräfelfing" first appears as "Grevolvinga", which as per one hypothesis could possibly name a tribe leader named "grey wolf" ("*Grevol" -> German "grau(er)" -> English "grey"; "*vinga" -> German "Wolf" -> English "wolf").

Gräfelfing is ranked 5th of the wealthiest municipalities in Germany (2021).

Munich (district)
Munich (German: Landkreis München) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It borders (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Dachau, Freising, Erding, Ebersberg, Rosenheim, Miesbach, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Starnberg, Fürstenfeldbruck, and almost encircles (except for the west and northwest sides) the district-free city of Munich itself, which is the district seat.
Hartley transform
In mathematics, the Hartley transform (HT) is an integral transform closely related to the Fourier transform (FT), but which transforms real-valued functions to real-valued functions. It was proposed as an alternative to the Fourier transform by Ralph V. L. Hartley in 1942, and is one of many known Fourier-related transforms. Compared to the Fourier transform, the Hartley transform has the advantages of transforming real functions to real functions (as opposed to requiring complex numbers) and of being its own inverse.

The discrete version of the transform, the discrete Hartley transform (DHT), was introduced by Ronald N. Bracewell in 1983.

The two-dimensional Hartley transform can be computed by an analog optical process similar to an optical Fourier transform (OFT), with the proposed advantage that only its amplitude and sign need to be determined rather than its complex phase. However, optical Hartley transforms do not seem to have seen widespread use.

Integral transform
In mathematics, an integral transform is a type of transform that maps a function from its original function space into another function space via integration, where some of the properties of the original function might be more easily characterized and manipulated than in the original function space. The transformed function can generally be mapped back to the original function space using the inverse transform.
Fort Tejon
Fort Tejon in California is a former United States Army outpost which was intermittently active from June 24, 1854, until September 11, 1864. It is located in the Grapevine Canyon (La Cañada de las Uvas) between the San Emigdio Mountains and Tehachapi Mountains. It is in the area of the Tejon Pass along Interstate 5 in Kern County, California, the main route through the mountain ranges separating the  Central Valley from the Los Angeles Basin and Southern California. The fort's location protected the San Joaquin Valley from the south and west.

San Emigdio Mountains
The San Emigdio Mountains are a part of the Transverse Ranges in Southern California, extending from Interstate 5 at Lebec and Gorman on the east to Highway 33–166 on the west. They link the Tehachapis and Temblor Range and form the southern wall of the San Joaquin Valley. The range is named after Emygdius, an early Christian martyr.
LeRoy Collins
Thomas LeRoy Collins (March 10, 1909 – March 12, 1991) was an American politician who served as the 33rd governor of Florida from 1955 to 1961. Collins began his governorship after winning a special election in 1954, and was elected to a four-year term in 1956.

Prior to winning election as governor, Collins served several terms in the Florida House of Representatives and Senate. He was the first governor from the South to promote ending segregation. Counseling "progress under law," he took a moderate course in favor of incremental improvements during the 1950s and 60s and is remembered as a voice in favor of civil rights.

George Smathers
George Armistead Smathers (November 14, 1913 – January 20, 2007) was an American lawyer and politician from the state of Florida who served in both chambers of the United States Congress, the United States House of Representatives from 1947 to 1951 and the United States Senate from 1951 to 1969. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Josie Knight
Josie Knight (born 29 March 1997) is a British professional racing cyclist who has at various stages represented Ireland, Great Britain and England. Born in Buckinghamshire, England, her family moved to Dingle, Co. Kerry in Ireland during her early infancy. Knight competed for Ireland prior to 2018, winning silver at the European Junior Championships in the team pursuit.

Following her transfer to Team GB in 2018, Knight was part of the British team that won the silver medal in the team pursuit at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She also won a bronze medal in the same event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. She is a two-time world and three-time European champion in the team pursuit, and in both 2024 and 2026, she became the European champion in the individual pursuit. As of February 2026, she is the world-record holder in the individual pursuit.

2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held from 16 to 20 October 2024, at the Ballerup Super Arena in Ballerup, Denmark. It was the 121st edition of the UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
Debt crisis
A debt crisis is a situation in which a government (nation, state/province, county, or city etc.) loses the ability of paying back its governmental debt. When the expenditures of a government are more than its tax revenues for a prolonged period, the government may enter into a debt crisis. Various forms of governments finance their expenditures primarily by raising money through taxation. When tax revenues are insufficient, the government can make up the difference by issuing debt.

A debt crisis can also refer to a general term for a proliferation of massive public debt relative to tax revenues, especially in reference to Latin American countries during the 1980s, the United States and the European Union since the mid-2000s, and the Chinese debt crises of 2015.

The development charity CAFOD states that in current (2024) conditions, more than 50 countries are in debt crisis.

Deficit spending
Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. A central point of controversy in economics, government deficit spending was first identified as a necessary economic tool by John Maynard Keynes in the wake of the Great Depression.
Twice Over
Twice Over (foaled 16 May 2005) is a British retired Thoroughbred racehorse and breeding stallion. He was a successful middle-distance performer whose wins included the Eclipse Stakes, the International Stakes and two runnings of the Champion Stakes.

Sandown Park Racecourse
Sandown Park is a horse racing course and leisure venue in Esher, Surrey, England, located in the outer suburbs of London. It hosts 5 Grade One National Hunt races and one Group 1 flat race, the Eclipse Stakes. It regularly has horse racing during afternoons, evenings and on weekends, and also hosts many non-racing events such as trade shows, wedding fairs, toy fairs, car shows and auctions, property shows, concerts, and even some private events. It was requisitioned by the War Department from 1940 to 1945 for World War II.

The venue has hosted bands such as UB40, Madness, Girls Aloud, Spandau Ballet and Simply Red. The racecourse is close to Esher railway station, served by trains from London Waterloo. There is a secondary exit from Esher station which is open on race days, this exit leads directly into the racecourse and Lower Green, Esher.
Strother MacMinn
Strother MacMinn (1918 – January 19, 1998) was an American car designer, author, and educator. While noted for his contributions to Road & Track, Motor Trend, and Automobile Quarterly and for helping found Toyota's Calty Design Research studio in California, MacMinn was widely known for an automotive design teaching career at Pasadena's Art Center College of Design that spanned fifty years — noted students include J Mays, Chris Bangle and Wayne Cherry.

Former Vice President of Design for General Motors Chuck Jordan reflected that "if you are in a car today, Mac probably influenced its design," saying also that "no one influenced car design more" than MacMinn.

Wayne Cherry
Wayne Kent Cherry (born 1937) is an American car designer educated at Art Center College of Design and employed by General Motors from 1962 through 2004, retiring as Vice President of Design. Cherry worked for General Motors in the United States from 1962 until 1965, when he moved to the United Kingdom to take a position with General Motors' Vauxhall Motors subsidiary, becoming Design Director at Vauxhall in 1975. In 1983, General Motors consolidated all European passenger car design under Cherry and made him Design Director at General Motors' Adam Opel AG subsidiary. Cherry returned to the United States in 1991 and in 1992 became General Motors Vice President of Design. Cherry retired from General Motors in 2004.

Cherry was one of twenty-five nominees for the 1999 Car Designer of the Century.
Ada Louise Huxtable
Ada Louise Huxtable (née Landman; March 14, 1921 – January 7, 2013) was an American architecture critic and writer on architecture. Huxtable established architecture and urban design journalism in North America and raised the public's awareness of the urban environment.   In 1970, she was awarded the first ever Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. In 1981, she was named a MacArthur Fellow. Architecture critic Paul Goldberger, also a Pulitzer Prize-winner (1984) for architectural criticism, said in 1996: "Before Ada Louise Huxtable, architecture was not a part of the public dialogue." "She was a great lover of cities, a great preservationist and the central planet around which every other critic revolved," said architect Robert A. M. Stern, dean of the Yale University School of Architecture.

Pulitzer Prize for Criticism
The Pulitzer Prize for Criticism has been presented since 1970 to a newspaper writer in the United States who has demonstrated 'distinguished criticism'.  Recipients of the award are chosen by an independent board and officially administered by Columbia University. The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award.
2015 Kolazhy Gram Panchayat election
Election to Kolazhy Grama Panchayat was held on 5 November 2015 as part of Local Body Elections, Kerala.Counting was held on 7 November 2015. UDF secured majority by winning 10 out of 17 seats in the panchayath.

2015 Kerala local elections
Elections to local bodies (Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations) in Kerala were held in two phrases, on 2 and 5 November 2015. The Left Democratic Front (LDF) won more than half of all gram panchayats and municipalities, and both they and the United Democratic Front (UDF) won majorities in seven out of fourteen district panchayats each. The LDF also won mayorship in four corporations and the UDF in two.
Merchant Mariner Credential
The Merchant Mariner Credential (MMC) is a credential issued by the United States Coast Guard in accordance with guidelines of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) to United States seafarers in order to show evidence of a mariner's qualifications.  It is the standard documentation required for all crew members of U.S. ships for all vessels required to operate with a licensed Master or Operator, regardless of size.  The MMC replaced the Merchant Mariner's Document, merchant mariner license, Certificate of Registry, and STCW Certificate.

Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958
Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958 is  an International Labour Organization convention concerning Merchant Mariner's Document.

It was established in 1958, with the preamble stating:

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the reciprocal or international recognition of seafarers' national identity cards,...

An identity document issued under the convention or its successor is colloquially called a Seaman's Book or a Seaman's Card.
Mount Mar Daniel
Mount Mar Daniel (Syriac: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܕܐܢܝܠ), is a mountain in Nineveh Plains in northern Iraq. The mountain lies 30km east of Mosul and some 5km north east of Bartella.

Mount Mar Daniel was known for its religious importance in Syriac Christianity since the 4th century when it was continuously inhabited by hermits. The mountain contains a number of hermitages as well as the Mar Daniel monastery which dates back to the late 4th century.

Bartella
Bartella (Syriac: ܒܪܛܠܐ; Arabic: برطلّة) is a town that is located in the Nineveh Plains in northern Iraq, about 21 kilometres (13 miles) east of Mosul.

Bartella was liberated from ISIL control on October 20, 2016 by Iraqi Special Operations Forces along with the Nineveh Plain Protection Units and PMF Brigade 30, who both currently control and run the city's security.

The town is populated by Assyrian Christians and Shabaks. The town had an Assyrian Christian majority prior to the Northern Iraq offensive of ISIL, while the Shabak population has risen to at least 35% of the population or a majority.
Ezra Attiya
Ezra Attiya (Hebrew: עזרא עטייה; Arabic: عزرا عطية; 31 January 1885 – 25 May 1970) was one of the greatest teachers of Torah in the Sephardic Jewish world during the 20th century. He was rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerusalem for 45 years, nurturing thousands of students who, together with their students, constitute the bulk of Sephardic Torah leadership today.

Beth midrash
A beth midrash (Hebrew: בית מדרש, "house of learning"; pl.: batei midrash), also beis medrash, bais midrash, or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (beth knesseth), although the two are often coextensive. In Yiddish the beth midrash may be referred to as a zal, i.e. "hall". Beis midrash can also refer to a yeshiva gedolah, the undergraduate-level program in Orthodoxy, for boys over 12th grade.

The Arabic term "madrasah" is derived from the same Semitic root, and refers to any type of educational institution. The root דרש means "to seek [knowledge]" and is then generalized to mean "expound".
Kosmos 2050
Kosmos 2050 (Russian: Космос 2050 meaning Cosmos 2050) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1989 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2050 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 20:35 UTC on 23 November 1989. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1989-091A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20330.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
Antonio Barrera de Irimo
Antonio Barrera de Irimo (10 May 1929 – 24 September 2014) was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Finance of Spain between 1973 and 1974 and as Second Deputy Prime Minister in 1974, during the Francoist dictatorship.

Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
The second deputy prime minister of Spain, officially the second vice president of the Government (Spanish: Vicepresidente segundo del Gobierno), is a senior member of the Government of Spain. The office is not a permanent position, existing only at the discretion of the prime minister.

The current second deputy prime minister is Yolanda Díaz, who is also minister of Labour and Social Economy.
1989–90 UEFA Cup
The 1989–90 UEFA Cup was the 19th season of the UEFA Cup, the secondary club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). The final was played over two legs at the Stadio Comunale Vittorio Pozzo, Turin, Italy, and at the Stadio Partenio, Avellino, Italy. The competition was won by Juventus, who defeated fellow Italian team Fiorentina by an aggregate result of 3–1 to claim their second UEFA Cup title.

This was the first final between two Italian sides in the UEFA competitions history and the third between two clubs of the same country. This was the fifth and final season in which all English clubs were banned from European football competitions

1990 UEFA Cup final
The 1990 UEFA Cup Final was an association football tie played on 2 May 1990 and 16 May 1990 between Juventus and Fiorentina of Italy. Juventus won 3–1 on aggregate. This was the first final between two Italian sides in the UEFA competitions' history and the third between two clubs of the same country.

The first game was the last official football game played at the Stadio Comunale until 2006, when Stadio delle Alpi was closed.

The second game was played in Avellino because Fiorentina's substitute stadium in Perugia was closed after the incidents in the semifinal game against SV Werder Bremen.

With this defeat, Fiorentina became the second club – after Hamburger SV – to have been runner-up in all three major European competitions (European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, and the now-defunct Cup Winners' Cup).
Derek Stanford (writer)
Derek Stanford FRSL (11 October 1918 – 19 December 2008) was a British writer, known as a biographer, essayist and poet.

Educated at Upper Latymer School, Hammersmith, London, he was a conscientious objector during World War II, serving in the Non-Combatant Corps. He edited Resistance, a poetry magazine of just one issue, with David West in 1946.

For a period in the early 1950s he worked with Muriel Spark on several books, and was a supporter of hers (together with the eccentric poet Hugo Manning, a long-time friend), in the Poetry Society. Stanford described Spark's ousting in Inside the Forties.

Spark convinced him of the talent of Dylan Thomas, and Stanford wrote an early book on Thomas shortly after his death. He is associated with the character Hector Bartlett in Muriel Spark's A Far Cry from Kensington (1988).

Stanford died in 2008, aged 90, in Brighton. His widow is the poet Julie Whitby.

Non-Combatant Corps
The Non-Combatant Corps (NCC) was a corps of the British Army composed of conscientious objectors as privates, with NCOs and officers seconded from other corps or regiments. Its members fulfilled various non-combatant roles in the army during the First World War, the Second World War and the period of conscription after the Second World War.
Masa Kitamiya
Mitsuhiro Kitamiya (北宮 光洋, Kitamiya Mitsuhiro; born November 27, 1988) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Pro Wrestling Noah. Kitamiya's ring name Masa Kitamiya (マサ北宮, Masa Kitamiya) is a tribute to former professional wrestler Masa Saito. Kitamiya also wears a similar ring attire to Saito as tribute.

GHC Tag Team Championship
The Global Honored Crown (GHC) Tag Team Championship (Japanese: GHCタッグ王座, Hepburn: GHC Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team title in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah. It was created on October 19, 2001, when Vader and Scorpio defeated Jun Akiyama and Akitoshi Saito in a tournament final. Though it is typically contested among heavyweights (>100 kg (220 lb; 16 st)), some junior heavyweights such as Naomichi Marufuji and Yoshinari Ogawa have held it in the past. It is currently one of two tag team titles in Noah, along with the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (reserved for junior heavyweights).
Nueva Imperial
Nueva Imperial (New Imperial, in English) is a city and commune in the south of Chile. It is located in Cautín Province in the Araucanía Region. Nueva Imperial lies about 35 km (22 mi) to the west of Temuco, the regional capital.

Cholchol River
The Chol Chol River is a river in Chile.  It is situated in the Araucania Region of Chile in the village of Cholchol, just outside Temuco and with the Cautín River are tributaries of the Imperial River (Chile).

The river is a popular destination during the Chilean summer time of January and February when many families from nearby villages travel and camp by the river in order to use it for swimming.
Divine Word College of Urdaneta
The Divine Word College of Urdaneta is a private Catholic educational institution of higher learning run by the Philippine Northern Province of the Society of the Divine Word in Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, Philippines. It was founded by the Divine Word Missionaries in 1967. Saint Joseph Freinademetz, the first SVD missionary to China, is the patron saint and model of the school.

Joseph Freinademetz
Joseph Freinademetz SVD (simplified Chinese: 圣福若瑟; traditional Chinese: 聖福若瑟; pinyin: Shèng Fú Ruòsè; April 15, 1852 – January 28, 1908), was a Ladin Catholic priest and missionary in China. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word.

Freinademetz's sainthood cause was opened after his death in 1908, and he was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 2003.