hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord injury research
Spinal cord injury research seeks new ways to cure or treat spinal cord injury in order to lessen the debilitating effects of the injury in the short or long term.  There is no cure for SCI, and current treatments are mostly focused on spinal cord injury rehabilitation and management of the secondary effects of the condition.  Two major areas of research include neuroprotection, ways to prevent damage to cells caused by biological processes that take place in the body after the injury, and neuroregeneration, regrowing or replacing damaged neural circuits.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
The Crowded Sky
The Crowded Sky is a 1960 American Technicolor drama film distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, produced by Michael Garrison, directed by Joseph Pevney and starring Dana Andrews, Rhonda Fleming and Efrem Zimbalist Jr. The film is based on the 1960 novel of the same name by Hank Searls.

The story follows the crew and passengers of a U.S. Navy jet and a commercial airliner carrying a full load of passengers during a bout of severe weather. Other issues, such as a malfunctioning radio, render communication with air-traffic control nearly impossible and the two aircraft are on a collision course.

Douglas DC-7
The Douglas DC-7 is a retired American airliner built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1953 to 1958. A derivative of the DC-6, it was the last major piston engine-powered passenger aircraft made by Douglas, being developed shortly after the earliest jet airliner—the de Havilland Comet—entered service and only a few years before the jet-powered Douglas DC-8 first flew in 1958. Larger numbers of both DC-7B and DC-7C variants were also built, with a handful of aircraft converted to cargo hauling or fire-fighting after their commercial transport days had passed.

Unlike other far more successful propeller-driven Douglas aircraft, such as the DC-3 and DC-6, no examples of the DC-7 remain in service as of 2020.
Lloyd Hibbert
Lloyd Hibbert (born 29 June 1959 in Birmingham) is an English professional light welter/welter/light middleweight boxer of the 1970s and '80s who won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British light middleweight, and Commonwealth light middleweight title, and was a challenger for the BBBofC Midlands Area light middleweight title against Cliff Gilpin, his professional fighting weight varied from 139 lb (63 kg; 9 st 13 lb), i.e. light welterweight to 154 lb (70 kg; 11 st 0 lb), i.e. light middleweight.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Australia–Korea Free Trade Agreement
The Korea–Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) is a bilateral free trade agreement designed to diminish barriers to trade and investment between Australia and South Korea, effective from 12 December 2014. The agreement intends to improve market access for Australian exporters and to reduce barriers for investors in both countries.

KAFTA builds upon several decades of Australia–South Korea relations, which have evolved since 1962. During that year, South Korean president Park Chung Hee introduced a series of five-year economic plans aimed at improving South Korea's industrial development and involvement in the global economy in the aftermath of the Korean War.

Australia–South Korea relations
Bilateral relations exist between Australia and South Korea. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1961.

Australia and South Korea are trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region. South Korea and Australia have a relationship that has reached very high ground in the last few years. South Korea has an embassy in Canberra and Australia has an embassy in Seoul.

Relations have expanded beyond economic and commercial links to other spheres, including tourism, culture, technology, AI, defense and scientific cooperation.

According to a 2017 BBC World Service Poll, 61% of Australians view South Korea's influence positively, and with 24% view of negatively.
Villas in the Sky
Villas in the Sky, also known as Aramco Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in the King Abdullah Financial District of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Built between 2011 and 2013, the tower stands at 160 m (525 ft) tall with 32 floors and is currently the 36th tallest building in Saudi Arabia.

King Abdullah Financial District
King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) is a major mixed-use financial district located in the Al-Aqeeq neighbourhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It serves as the country’s financial centre and a central hub for banking, investment, and professional services.

The district is managed by the King Abdullah Financial District Development and Management Company (KAFD DMC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund. It was previously managed by the Raidah Investment Company on behalf of the national pension authority.
Rosemary Francis
Rosemary Francis FREng is a British engineer and technologist. She is best known for her work in the field of supercomputers and is CTO at CommonAI Compute, a cloud computing startup founded by Sir Andy Hopper. Francis obtained her PhD in computer architecture, while studying at the University of Cambridge. Following her education, Francis co-founded Ellexus to build tools for managing complex tools chains required during the design of semiconductors. In 2020, the startup she founded was acquired by US-based Altair Engineering for an undisclosed sum. Following the acquisition, Francis became Chief Scientist at the tech engineering firm.

She is a member of Raspberry Pi Foundation, and became a Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow in 2023.

Andy Hopper
Sir Andrew Hopper (born 9 May 1953) is a British-Polish computer technologist and entrepreneur.  He is Chairman of lowRISC CIC, a Commissioner of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, former Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal Society, Professor Emeritus of Computer Technology at the University of Cambridge, an Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Oedignatha
Oedignatha, from Ancient Greek οἰδάω (oidáō), meaning "to swell", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", is a genus of Asian spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1881 as a genus of corinnid sac spiders, and moved to Liocranidae in 2014.

Liocranidae
Liocranidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. They are one of several groups called "sac spiders".

The holarctic genus Agroeca is the best-known, but it also includes various genera of more obscure spiders that still lack a diagnosis.

Two species in the North American genus Neoanagraphis are found in the extremely dry conditions in the Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts.

Females live in animal burrows while males wander and are the ones most often caught in pitfall traps.
2021 BYU Cougars football team
The 2021 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cougars were led by sixth-year head coach Kalani Sitake and played their home games at LaVell Edwards Stadium. This was the eleventh year BYU competed as an NCAA Division I FBS independent. The Cougars finished with 10 wins for the second year in a row.

LaVell Edwards Stadium
LaVell Edwards Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the Western United States, on the campus of Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. Primarily used for college football, it is the home field of the BYU Cougars, a member of the Big 12 Conference in the Football Bowl Subdivision. Opened as "Cougar Stadium" in 1964, its seating capacity is 62,073. It is the largest football stadium in the Big 12 by capacity.

The natural grass playing field is conventionally aligned north–south at an elevation of 4,649 feet (1,417 m) above sea level, with the press box along the west sideline.
Arthur Matthews (politician)
Arthur Patrick Matthews (died 25 January 1942) was an Irish politician and farmer. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Meath constituency at the September 1927 general election. He lost his seat at the 1932 general election.

His grandson is the writer Arthur Mathews.

Arthur Mathews (writer)
Arthur Mathews  is an Irish comedy writer and actor who, often with writing partners such as Graham Linehan, Paul Woodfull and Matt Berry, co-created and co-wrote the television comedies Father Ted, Big Train and Toast of London, and contributed to other comedy shows including Harry Enfield and Chums, The Fast Show, The Day Today, and Brass Eye.
Billy Meadows Guard Station
The Billy Meadows Guard Station is a Forest Service Guard Station located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest near Joseph, Oregon, USA. In addition to the main residence, the station also includes a garage, warehouse, barn, and oil and gas house. The residence has a rustic design; the exterior walls use shiplap to resemble a log cabin, and the gabled front porch is supported by two logs. The original gable roof was wood shingled to fit the rustic theme but has since been replaced with sheet metal. The Civilian Conservation Corps built the guard station during the Great Depression.

The Billy Meadows Guard Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 6, 1991.

Wallowa–Whitman National Forest
The Wallowa–Whitman National Forest is a United States National Forest in the U.S. states of Oregon and Idaho. Formed upon the merger of the Wallowa and Whitman national forests in 1954, it is located in the northeastern corner of Oregon, in Wallowa, Baker, Union, Grant, and Umatilla counties, and includes small areas in Nez Perce and Idaho counties in Idaho.   The forest is named for the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce people, who originally lived in the area, and Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, Presbyterian missionaries who settled just to the north in 1836. Forest headquarters are located in Baker City, Oregon with ranger districts in La Grande, Joseph and Baker City.
Venombin A
Venombin A (EC 3.4.21.74, alpha-fibrinogenase, habutobin, zinc metalloproteinase Cbfib1.1, zinc metalloproteinase Cbfib1.2, zinc metalloproteinase Cbfib2, ancrod) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Selective cleavage of Arg- bond in fibrinogen, to form fibrin, and release fibrinopeptide A. The specificity of further degradation of fibrinogen varies with species origin of the enzyme

This enzyme is a thrombin-like enzyme from venoms of snakes of the viper/rattlesnake group.
Examples include ancrod and batroxobin, two serine proteases from snakes that have been used in medical preparations.

Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.  Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. 
They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.
Differential (mathematics)
In mathematics, differential refers to several related notions derived from the early days of calculus, put on a rigorous footing, such as infinitesimal differences and the derivatives of functions.

The term is used in various branches of mathematics such as calculus, differential geometry, algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.

Pushforward (differential)
In differential geometry, pushforward is a linear approximation of smooth maps (formulating manifold) on tangent spaces. Suppose that  is a smooth map between smooth manifolds; then the differential of  at a point , denoted , is, in some sense, the best linear approximation of  near . It can be viewed as a generalization of the total derivative of ordinary calculus. Explicitly, the differential is a linear map from the tangent space of  at  to the tangent space of  at , . Hence it can be used to push tangent vectors on  forward to tangent vectors on . The differential of a map  is also called, by various authors, the derivative or total derivative of .
Eagle Cap Wilderness
Eagle Cap Wilderness is a wilderness area located in the Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon (United States), within the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest.  The wilderness was established in 1940. In 1964, it was included in the National Wilderness Preservation System.  A boundary revision in 1972 added 73,000 acres (30,000 ha) and the Wilderness Act of 1964 added 66,100 acres (26,700 ha) resulting in its current size of 361,446 acres (146,272 ha; 565 sq mi), making Eagle Cap by far Oregon's largest wilderness area.

Eagle Cap Wilderness is named after a peak in the Wallowa Mountains, which were once called the Eagle Mountains.  At 9,572 feet (2,918 m) Eagle Cap was incorrectly thought to be the highest peak in the range.

Bighorn sheep
The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) or bighorn is a species of sheep native to North America. It is named for its large horns. A pair of horns may weigh up to 14 kg (30 lb); the sheep typically weigh up to 143 kg (315 lb). Recent genetic testing indicates three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: O. c. sierrae.

Sheep originally crossed to North America over the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia; the population in North America peaked in the millions, and the bighorn sheep entered into the mythology of Native Americans. By 1900, the population had crashed to several thousand due to diseases introduced through European livestock and overhunting.
Bishop Island
Bishop Island is a Baffin Island offshore island located in the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. The island lies in Frobisher Bay, approximately 13 km (8.1 mi) southwest of Iqaluit. Hill Island and Faris Island are in the immediate vicinity.

The island was named by American Arctic explorer Charles Francis Hall.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
13th Vietnam Film Festival
The 13th Vietnam Film Festival was held from December 6 to December 9, 2001 in Vinh City, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam, with the slogan: "For an advanced Vietnam cinema imbued with national identity" (Vietnamese: "Vì một nền điện ảnh Việt Nam tiên tiến, đậm đà bản sắc dân tộc").

Vietnam Film Festival
The Vietnam Film Festival (Vietnamese: Liên hoan phim Việt Nam), founded in 1970, is a domestic film festival of Vietnam. It is considered as the major event of Vietnamese cinema with awards for numerous categories ranging from feature film to documentary film, animated film. The festival is held for each two or three years in different host cities all over Vietnam.
Architecture of Henry K. Holsman Historic Campus District
The Architecture of Henry K. Holsman Historic Campus District, also known as the Maharishi International University, is a nationally recognized historic district located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  At the time of its nomination it included five contributing buildings that were built from 1903 to 1915  on the campus of Parsons College.  They were designed in the Collegiate Gothic style by Iowa-born and Chicago-based architect Henry K. Holsman.  It also includes Ewing Hall, which is an older building on the campus, and individually listed on the National Register.  The buildings were built after the destruction by fire of Ankeny Hall in 1902.  Foster Hall (1903), Fairfield Hall (1903), and the Carnegie Library (1907) have elements of the Beaux-Arts style.  Barhydt Chapel and the Parsons Bible School were completed in 1912.  Parsons Hall was completed in 1915.

Fairfield, Iowa
Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. It has a population of 9,416 people, according to the 2020 census.  Fairfield is known as an international center for Transcendental Meditation and is home of Maharishi International University.

It became the county seat in 1839 with 110 residents and grew to 650 by 1847. Its library was established in 1853, and it held its first fair in 1854. Early architecture in Fairfield includes work by George Franklin Barber and Barry Byrne.
Petros Lambardos
Petros Lambardos (Greek: Πέτρος Λαμπάρδος, 1500 – 1550), also known as Petro Lambardou (Greek: Πέτρου Λαμπάρδου), or Petrus Lambardo, was a Greek Renaissance painter from Crete.  One of the earliest recorded members of the Lambardos family of painters.  He comes from a famous family of painters from the island of Crete.  Similar to the Bathas, Moskos, and Tzanes family.  The family had many notable painters.  Emmanuel Lambardos has the largest catalog of works.  Two other notable painters of the same last name were Ioannis and Tzortzi Lambardos.  The family were major contributors to the Cretan painting style.  Three of Petros's paintings survived.  The Virgin Mary painting is in Cyprus,  Christ the High Priest is at the Benaki Museum and John the Baptist is in Palermo, Italy.

Greek scholars in the Renaissance
The migration waves of Byzantine Greek scholars and émigrés in the period following the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 are considered by many scholars key to the revival of Greek studies that led to the development of Renaissance humanism and science. These émigrés brought to Western Europe the relatively well-preserved remnants and accumulated knowledge of their own (Greek) civilization, which had mostly not survived the Early Middle Ages in the West. The Encyclopædia Britannica claims: "Many modern scholars also agree that the exodus of Greeks to Italy as a result of this event marked the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance," although few scholars date the start of the Italian Renaissance this late.
Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. hedraia
Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. hedraia, commonly known as snow gum, is a mallee or small tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. It has smooth bark, branchlets that are often glaucous, glossy green lance-shaped to egg-shaped or elliptical adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between eleven and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. It differs from other subspecies of E. pauciflora in having larger, sessile, glaucous buds and broader, hemispherical fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Four Holy Beasts
The Four Holy Beasts (Chinese: 四靈、四聖獸、or 四大神獸) are Chinese astronomical and cultural Four Benevolent Animals that are spread in the East Asian cultural sphere. They are mentioned in the Chinese classic Book of Rites and includes the Dragon (龍) in the East, the Qilin (麟) in the West, the Turtle (龜) in the North, and the Fenghuang (鳳) in the South.

Spirit turtle
The spirit turtle (Chinese: 靈龜) or spirit tortoise is a turtle originated from Chinese mythology and spread with East Asian cultural sphere. It is believed by East Asian cultures, like other turtles in mythology, to represent longevity (壽命).

It is said to be chief among all shelled creatures.
German submarine U-41 (1939)
The German submarine U-41 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She conducted three war patrols during her short career, two as part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla and one as part of the 2nd flotilla. U-41 also sank five enemy vessels for a total of 22,815 gross register tons (GRT); captured two more for a total of 2,073 GRT and damaged one other of 8,096 GRT.

On 5 February 1940, U-41 was hit by depth charges from the British A class destroyer HMS Antelope after sinking two enemy merchant vessels and was sunk off the south coast of Ireland. All 49 of her crew members were lost with the boat.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Kalyani Expressway
Kalyani Expressway is a 44.17-kilometre-long (27.45 mi), 6-laned, tolled expressway in the state of West Bengal, India. It connects Kolkata with its satellite city Kalyani and declared as an expressway by Government of West Bengal. The road starts from Belghoria Expressway in Nimta More, Kolkata and ends in Bansberia of Hooghly district. The main carriageway has 6 lanes (except some low traffic areas where it has 4 lanes) and along with 2 service lanes each side. The road is developed by West Bengal Highway Development Corporation.

West Bengal Highway Development Corporation
West Bengal Highway Development Corporation Limited (WBHDCL) is a state agency of the Government of West Bengal established in 2012, for development, implementation and construction of State Highways and other important roads in the state of West Bengal, India. It is under the administrative control of the Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal.