hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Interrogative
An interrogative clause  is a clause whose form is typically associated with question-like meanings. For instance, the English sentence "Is Hannah sick?" has interrogative syntax which distinguishes it from its declarative counterpart "Hannah is sick". Also, the additional question mark closing the statement assures that the reader is informed of the interrogative mood. Interrogative clauses may sometimes be embedded within a phrase, for example: "Paul knows who is sick", where the interrogative clause "who is sick" serves as complement of the embedding verb "know".

Languages vary in how they form interrogatives. When a language has a dedicated interrogative inflectional form, it is often referred to as interrogative grammatical mood. Interrogative mood or other interrogative forms may be denoted by the glossing abbreviation INT.

Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. Word order typology studies it from a cross-linguistic perspective, and examines how languages employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic sub-domains are also of interest.
St Vincent Highway
St Vincent Highway (route B88) is a major road on the southern part of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. It diverges from Yorke Highway to continue south along the coast of Gulf St Vincent (where Yorke Highway turns inland) near Pine Point. It passes inland of Port Vincent, Stansbury, Wool Bay and Port Giles then passes through Coobowie and Edithburgh. From here, the St Vincent Highway turns northwest to Yorketown and west to Warooka where it rejoins Yorke Highway.

Rex Minerals propose to realign the northern end of the current St Vincent Highway closer to the coast, and move the intersection with the Yorke Highway closer to Pine Point as part of the construction of the Hillside mine.

Pine Point, South Australia
Pine Point (formerly Muloowurtie) is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia south of Ardrossan on the east side of Yorke Peninsula adjacent to Gulf St Vincent.  It was surveyed as a government town in 1883 and proclaimed under the name of Muloowurtie  on 24 January 1884.  The name was changed to Pine Point in 1940.  The boundaries of the locality were created in May 1999 in respect to the "long established name" and includes both "the Pine Point Shack Site" and " the Government Town of Pine Point."
Knight Tower
The Knight Tower (Polish: Baszta Rycerska), also known as the Knight House (Polish: Dom Rycerski), is a historic Gothic defensive tower in Warsaw, Poland, at Rycerska Street, in the inner city wall of the Old Town, between Piekarska and Wąski Dunaj Streets. It was built in the 14th century, before 1339, and later expanded at the turn of the 16th century. In 1614, it was turned into a residential building, and it was restored to its historic form between 1958 and 1963.

Fortified tower
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
Lady Chelmsford
Lady Chelmsford was a Sydney Harbour ferry built in 1910 for the Balmain New Ferry Company. She and four similar ferries, Lady Denman (1912), Lady Edeline (1913), Lady Ferguson (1914), and Lady Scott (1914), were a new series of "Lady-class" ferries designed by naval architect Walter Reeks.

Lady Chelmsford and her four sisters survived the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and were converted to diesel power that decade. They also survived the 1951 NSW State Government takeover of the ailing ferry fleet.

Sold out of ferry service in 1971, Lady Chelmsford was rebuilt as a showboat in Adelaide and from 1985 she was used as a showboat in Melbourne. She sank at her moorings in Melbourne in 2008 and was broken up in 2011.

Sydney K-class ferry
The K-class ferries were a group of double-ended screw steam ferries run by Sydney Ferries Limited and its government successors on Sydney Harbour. The company introduced more than two dozen of the vessels from the 1890s through to the early 20th century to meet the booming demand for ferry services across Sydney Harbour prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.

The K-names were largely Australian Aboriginal names with their meanings listed in the table below.
Luynes, Bouches-du-Rhône
Luynes (French: [lɥin]) is a village of the Bouches-du-Rhône département in southern France. It is located 4 km south of Aix-en-Provence at the intersection of the D7 and N8 roads. The village is perhaps best known for its prison and for its three international schools.  The Nécropole Nationale de Luynes is also located nearby.

Luynes is bordered by the Massif du Montaiguet, which expands to Gardanne and Aix en Provence. It comprises chalky plateaux bordered by cliffs, forests of pines and oaks, and crops areas. In 1979 and 2005 the area was devastated by bush fires. Following these incidents, garrigue is now covering a wide area.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.
2010 OEC Taipei Ladies Open
The 2010 OEC Taipei Ladies Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the third edition of the OEC Taipei Ladies Open, and was part of the $100,000 tournaments of the 2010 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place at the Taipei Arena in Taipei City, Taiwan, from November 1 to November 7, 2010.

2010 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2010 ITF Women's Circuit was the 2010 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It was organised by the International Tennis Federation and was a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit included tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000. The list of tournaments is split into January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December due to the number of tournaments.
Minimum landing size
The minimum landing size (MLS) is the smallest fish measurement at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish. The MLS depends on the species of fish. Sizes also vary around the world, as they are legal definitions which are defined by the local regulatory authority. Commercial trawl and seine fisheries can control the size of their catch by adjusting the mesh size of their nets.

Trawling
Trawling is an industrial method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net used for trawling is called a trawl. This principle requires netting bags which are towed through water to catch different species of fishes or sometimes targeted species. Trawls are often called towed gear or dragged gear.

The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers or draggers. Trawlers vary in size from small open boats with as little as 30 hp (22 kW) engines to large factory trawlers with over 10,000 hp (7.5 MW). Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively (pair trawling).

Trawling can be contrasted with trolling. While trawling involves a net and is typically done for commercial usage, trolling instead involves a reel, rod and a bait or a lure and is typically done for recreational purposes. Trawling is also commonly used as a scientific sampling, or survey, method.
Vincent J. McMahon
Vincent James McMahon (July 6, 1914 – May 24, 1984), also referred to as Vince McMahon Sr., was an American professional wrestling promoter. He is best known for running the Capitol Wrestling Corporation, later known as the World Wide Wrestling Federation and the World Wrestling Federation (and now known as WWE). His father, Jess McMahon, and his son Vince McMahon were also professional wrestling promoters.

Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame (PWHF) and Museum was an American professional wrestling hall of fame and museum located in Wichita Falls, Texas; following the postponement of its 19th induction ceremony, planned for May 2020, and an announced temporary closure to expand the museum, its status was changed to "closed due to water leaks" in 2021, and never re-opened.

The museum was founded by Tony Vellano in 1999, and was previously in Amsterdam, New York and Schenectady, New York. Its purpose was to "preserve and promote the dignified history of professional wrestling and to enshrine and pay tribute to professional wrestlers who have advanced this national pastime in terms of athletics and entertainment." It was not affiliated with any professional wrestling promotion.
Glucin
Glucin is an artificial sweetening agent similar to saccharin that was used in the early 20th century. The substance is a sodium salt derived from coal tar. It is composed of a mixture of mono- and di-sulfonic acids with a chemical formula of C19H16N4. It typically appears as a light brown powder, easily soluble in water. It is insoluble in ether and chloroform. Glucin is about three hundred times sweeter than cane sugar.

The use of glucin as a food additive is prohibited in much of the United States due to concerns about its health effects.

Saccharin
Saccharin, also called saccharine, benzosulfimide, or E954, or used in saccharin sodium or saccharin calcium forms, is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener. Saccharin is a sultam that is about 500 times sweeter than sucrose, but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations. It is used to sweeten products, such as drinks, candies, baked goods, tobacco products, excipients, and for masking the bitter taste of some medicines. It appears as white crystals and is odorless.
Southwest Alaska Municipal Conference
The Southwest Alaska Municipal Conference (SWAMC) is a non-profit regional economic development organization for Southwest Alaska. SWAMC serves three subregions of Southwest Alaska: the Aleutian/Pribilofs, Bristol Bay, and Kodiak.

SWAMC was formed out of the common interests of the region encompassing the Aleutians East Borough, Alaska, the Aleutians West Census Area, the Bristol Bay Borough, the Dillingham Census Area, the Kodiak Island Borough, and the Lake & Peninsula Borough. In 1988, municipal leaders from the region forged a partnership to advocate for the needs of rural communities and the responsible development of the region's core economic sector - commercial seafood harvesting and processing.

SWAMC is a member of the State of Alaska's ARDOR Program.

Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska
Bristol Bay Borough is a borough of the U.S. state of Alaska on Bristol Bay. As of the 2020 census the borough population was 844, down from 997 in 2010, the second-least populated borough in Alaska. The borough seat is Naknek. There are no incorporated settlements.

Incorporated in 1962, Bristol Bay was the first of Alaska's boroughs. It is also among the smallest, consisting of little more than the rectangle of land around Naknek on the coast and King Salmon (which, uniquely, serves as the borough seat for the neighboring Lake and Peninsula Borough) inland.
Great Yarmouth and Gorleston Lifeboat Station
Great Yarmouth and Gorleston Lifeboat Station, (not to be confused with Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight), is located at Riverside Road in Gorleston, at the mouth of the River Yare, on the east coast of Norfolk.

Management of Great Yarmouth Lifeboat Station, established in 1825, was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1857. Gorleston Lifeboat Station was established by the RNLI in 1866, although a number of other lifeboats had been in operation at Gorleston since 1802, and continued until 1939. The two RNLI branches merged in 1926, to form Great Yarmouth and Gorleston Lifeboat Station.

The station currently operates the Trent-class All-weather lifeboat 14-10	Samarbeta (ON 1208), on station since 1996, and a B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat, John Rowntree (B-925), on station since 2021.

Empire Gallantry Medal
The Medal of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for Gallantry, known as the Empire Gallantry Medal (EGM), was a British medal awarded for acts of gallantry. Unlike the then existing Sea Gallantry Medal (SGM) (1854), the Albert Medal (AM) (1866) and the Edward Medal (EM) (1907) which each had two classes with restricted eligibility criteria, the EGM was a single class award with wide eligibility. It was instituted by King George V on 29 December 1922. In July 1937, recipients were granted the right to use the post-nominal letters "EGM". The EGM was superseded in 1940 by the George Cross which was also a single class award with  wide eligibility but unlike the low placed EGM on the Order of Wear, the George Cross was listed immediately after the Victoria Cross.

The EGM was a medal of the Order of the British Empire and like the Order itself, was divided into civil and military divisions, but unlike the British Empire Medal (BEM), officers were eligible for the medal.
ITTF World Tour
The ITTF World Tour, known as the ITTF Pro Tour until 2011, was an annual series of table tennis tournaments introduced by International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) in 1996. The tour includes events in seven categories: Men's and Women's Singles, Men's, Women's, and Mixed Doubles, and Under-21 Men's and Women's Singles. The tour has its own points system, with players accumulating points based on their performances in the tournaments they enter.

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
2014 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2014 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held in Amsterdam at the Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam) from 28 February to 1 March 2014. The tournament was part of the 2013–2014 speed skating season. Michel Mulder and Margot Boer won the sprint titles. The sprint championships were held together with the 2014 Dutch Allround Championships.

KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The Dutch Sprint Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch Sprint champion. The Sprint distance championships date back to 1969 for men and 1983 for women.
Gay pulp fiction
Gay pulp fiction, or gay pulps, refers to printed works, primarily fiction, that include references to male homosexuality, specifically male gay sex, and that are cheaply produced, typically in paperback books made of wood pulp paper; lesbian pulp fiction is similar work about women. Michael Bronski, the editor of an anthology of gay pulp writing, notes in his introduction, "Gay pulp is not an exact term, and it is used somewhat loosely to refer to a variety of books that had very different origins and markets". People often use the term to refer to the "classic" gay pulps that were produced before about 1970, but it may also be used to refer to the gay erotica or pornography in paperback book or digest magazine form produced since that date.

Sexual practices between men
Sexual practices involving men who have sex with men (MSM), regardless of their sexual orientation, can include oral sex, manual sex, anal sex, and frot. Evidence shows that sex between men is significantly underreported in surveys.
Plasmodium pinotti
Plasmodium pinotti is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Giovannolaia.

Like all Plasmodium species P. pinotti has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.

Giovannolaia
Giovanolaia is a subgenus of the genus Plasmodium created by Corradetti et al. in 1963. The parasites within this subgenus infect birds.

This subgenus was shown on the basis of DNA analysis to be polyphyletic. This is unsurprising – it has been a wastebasket taxon. A revision of this subgenus on a morphological basis by Landau et al. moved several of the species in this subgenus into a new subgenus Papernaia.
1981–82 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season
The 1981–82 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey team represented the University of North Dakota in college ice hockey. In its fourth year under head coach John Gasparini, the team compiled a 35–12–0 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the ninth time. The Fighting Sioux defeated Wisconsin 5–2 to win the championship game at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

John Gasparini
John "Gino" Gasparini (born 1945) is a former head coach of the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux hockey men's team and also former president of the United States Hockey League. Gasparini held a position with St. Cloud State University in 2011-2012 as advisor to the President and is currently an independent sports consultant.
Religion in Kerala
Religion in Kerala is diverse. According to 2011 census of India figures, 54.73% of Kerala's population follows Hinduism, 26.56% are followers of Islam, 18.38% follow Christianity, and the remaining 0.33% follow other religions or have no religion.

The historical legends regarding the origin of Kerala are Hindu in nature. Kerala produced several saints and movements. Adi Shankara was a religious philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated the philosophy of Advaita. Hindus represent the biggest religious group in all districts except Malappuram, where they are outnumbered by Muslims. Various tribal people in Kerala have retained the religious beliefs of their ancestors.

Pentecostal Saint Thomas Christians
Pentecostal Saint Thomas Christians, also called Pentecostal Syrian Christians, are the ethnic Saint Thomas Christians (Nasranis) affiliated to various Pentecostal and independent Neo-Charismatic churches. Sometimes, the Kerala Brethren are also erroneously lumped together with Pentecostals. The community is native to the Indian state of Kerala, and shares in the legacy of early Christianity in the region, traditionally traced to the missionary activities of Saint Thomas the Apostle in the first century (AD 52–72). Prior to their conversion to Pentecostalism, they belonged to traditional Saint Thomas Christian denominations.
Czesław Ratka
Czesław Ratka (born 1952) is a Polish engineer and translator. He graduated at Politechnika Śląska (Silesian University of Technology) in Gliwice. He specialised in electronics. He was especially concerned with hygrometry. He has been interested in Spanish language and literature for forty years. He is famous for translating two parts of La Araucana (The Araucaniad) by the 16th-century Spanish poet Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga (1533–1594). For this translation he was awarded with the Cervantes Institute Award. In his translation Czesław Ratka retained the ottava rima of the original. His version of the poem is regarded as excellent by critics and other translators, for example by Wojciech Charchalis and Florian Śmieja. Czesław Ratka's work was compared to Piotr Kochanowski's translation of Jerusalem Delivered by Torquato Tasso (1618).

Piotr Kochanowski
Piotr Kochanowski (1566–1620) was a Polish nobleman, poet and translator. He belonged to a family of writers. He was a son of Mikołaj Kochanowski and a nephew of Jan Kochanowski. He was born in 1566 in Sycyna. He is famous for his translations from Italian. He translated into Polish what were generally esteemed to be the two greatest modern epic poems: Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso (Roland Enraged) and Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered). His version of Tasso's poem served as the Polish national epic. Piotr Kochanowski was the second poet in Poland (after Sebastian Grabowiecki) to use ottava rima, which became very popular in Baroque Polish poetry. He died on 2 August 1620 and was buried at the Franciscan church in Kraków. He is commonly regarded as one of the most important Polish writers of the Renaissance.
Contemporary history of Spain
The contemporary history of Spain is the historiographical discipline and a historical period of Spanish history. However, conventionally, Spanish historiography tends to consider as an initial milestone not the French Revolution, nor the Independence of the United States or the English Industrial Revolution, but a decisive local event: the beginning of the Spanish War of Independence (1808).

Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
Práxedes Mariano Mateo Sagasta y Escolar (21 July 1825 – 5 January 1903) was a Spanish civil engineer and politician who served as Prime Minister on eight occasions between 1870 and 1902—always in charge of the Liberal Party—as part of the turno pacifico, alternating with the Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas. He was known as an excellent orator.
McLouth Steel
McLouth Steel is a former integrated steel company. The company was once the ninth-largest steelmaker in the United States.

The company had three locations: the first was in Detroit, Michigan, the second (and largest) in Trenton, Michigan, and the third in Gibraltar, Michigan. The Detroit and Trenton plants have been demolished, while the Gibraltar plant has been restarted by Ferrolux.

Electric arc furnace
An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc.

Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking. Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams. Industrial electric arc furnace temperatures can reach 1,800 °C (3,300 °F), while laboratory units can exceed 3,000 °C (5,400 °F).

In electric arc furnaces, the material inside the furnace (referred to as a charge) is directly exposed to an electric arc, and the current from the electrode terminals passes through the charge material.
Arc furnaces differ from induction furnaces, which use eddy currents to heat the charge.
Bombing of La Garriga
The Bombing of La Garriga was a series of Nationalist air raids which took place at La Garriga, Barcelona province in Catalonia between 28 and 29 January 1939 during the Spanish Civil War. At least 13 civilians were killed in the bombings.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
Syracuse Baseball Wall of Fame
43°4′42.25″N 76°9′55.9″W﻿ / ﻿43.0784028°N 76.165528°W﻿ / 43.0784028; -76.165528

The Syracuse Baseball Wall of Fame was established by the Syracuse SkyChiefs in 1998 in conjunction with the 140th anniversary of the first organized baseball team in Syracuse, New York. It is located at NBT Bank Stadium, home of the Syracuse Mets Triple-A baseball team, in the stadiums' Hall of Fame, which is located under the Metropolitan Club.

NBT Bank Stadium
NBT Bank Stadium is a publicly owned, 10,815-seat, minor league baseball stadium in Syracuse, New York. It is the home stadium for the Syracuse Mets Triple-A baseball team of the International League. The stadium, owned and at times operated by Onondaga County, opened on April 10, 1997, replacing the aging MacArthur Stadium which had served as home to Syracuse's professional baseball teams since 1934 and which was demolished in 1997.