hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Cotter (judge)
James Cotter (1772 – January 18, 1849) was a farmer, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in New York state in 1772, the son of a United Empire Loyalist. He settled in Adolphustown Township in 1794 and, around 1817, moved to Sophiasburgh Township. He served as captain in the local militia during the War of 1812, becoming lieutenant colonel in 1830. He was elected as representative for Prince Edward in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1816. In 1837, he was named a judge in the Prince Edward District. He died in Sophiasburgh Township in 1849.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
Scaur Hill Fort, Bermuda
Scaur Hill Fort, also called Scaur Hill Lines and Somerset Lines, is a fortified position erected in the 1870s at Scaur Hill, on Somerset Island, in Sandys Parish, the westernmost parish of the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda.

Sandys Parish
Sandys Parish (/sændz/ "sands") is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named for English aristocrat Sir Edwin Sandys.

It is located in the south west of the island chain, occupying the three islands of Ireland Island, Boaz Island, and the larger Somerset Island, as well as a small part of the main island of Bermuda. These islands make up the western coast of the Great Sound, the large expanse of water which dominates the geography of western Bermuda, where it is joined to Southampton parish. Like most other parishes in Bermuda, it covers 2.3 square miles (about 6.0 km2 or 1500 acres). It had a population of 6,983 in 2016.

Natural features in Sandys include Ely's Harbor, the Cathedral Rocks, Daniel's Head, and Mangrove Bay.

Other notable features of Sandys include the Somerset Bridge, which links the mainland to Somerset Island, and the old Royal Naval Dockyard on Ireland Island.
NGC 2110
NGC 2110 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Orion. It is located at a distance of about 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2110 is about 90,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 5, 1785. It is a Seyfert galaxy.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Galleons of Glory: The Secret Voyage of Magellan
Galleons of Glory: The Secret Voyage of Magellan is a 1990 simulation video game developed and published by Broderbund for DOS operating systems. The game sees the player simulating the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, using the sea navigation tools given to them in an attempt to discover the Strait of Magellan.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Lucius Horatio Biglow
Lucius Horatio "Ray" Biglow III (often spelled Bigelow; February 28, 1885 – July 9, 1961) was an American college football player and coach. He played right guard for Yale University from 1905 to 1907. He was selected as an All-American in both 1906 and 1907 and served as Yale Bulldogs football coach in 1908.

Skull and Bones
Skull and Bones (also known as The Order, Order 322 or The Brotherhood of Death) is an American undergraduate senior secret student society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Skull and Bones is considered one of the "Big Three" and "Ancient Eight" at Yale University. The oldest senior-class society at the university, Skull and Bones has become a cultural institution known for its powerful alumni and conspiracy theories.
2025 Cleveland City Council election
The 2025 Cleveland City Council election was held on November 4, 2025. The primary elections were held on September 9, 2025. All 15 seats on Cleveland City Council were up for election. Elections in Cleveland are officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. This was the first election held under new ward maps. City Council lost two seats due to population decline.

Cleveland City Council
Cleveland City Council is the legislative branch of government for the City of Cleveland, Ohio. Its chambers are located at Cleveland City Hall at 601 Lakeside Avenue, across the street from Public Auditorium in Downtown Cleveland. Cleveland City Council members are elected from 15 wards to four-year terms. In Cleveland's mayor–council (strong mayor) form of government, council acts as a check against the power of the city executive, the mayor. Its responsibilities include "monitoring city departments, approving budgets, and enacting legislation to improve the quality of life [for the citizens of the city]."

The current President of Council is Blaine Griffin. Following Councilman Kerry McCormack's resgination on October 3, Councilwoman Jasmin Santana became Majority Leader.  Patricia Britt serves as the Clerk of Council.
Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman
Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman (16 February 1877 – 26 June 1951), known as Carl Anton Wilhelm Hirschman, was a Dutch banker, co-founder of FIFA in 1904 and the 2nd General Secretary of FIFA, serving from 1906 to 1931. In 1912 he was also one of the founders of the Dutch Olympic Committee (NOC).

When FIFA president Daniel Burley Woolfall died in 1918, Hirschman kept the organization from falling apart, almost single-handedly and at his own costs, operating from his offices in Amsterdam. He was FIFA's interim president until Jules Rimet was elected its third president in March 1921.

After the crash of 1929 Hirschman's stock trading company went bankrupt and the money he had invested for the NOC and FIFA was mostly lost. Hirschman unexpectedly resigned from both NOC and FIFA in 1931.

FIFA Council
The FIFA Council (formerly the FIFA Executive Committee) is an institution of FIFA (the governing body of association football, futsal and beach football). It is the main decision-making body of the organization in the intervals of FIFA Congress. Its members are elected by the FIFA Congress. The council is a non-executive, supervisory and strategic body that sets the vision for FIFA and global football.
Zetech University
Zetech University is a private university in Kiambu County, Kenya.

The University offers Certificate, Diploma, Degree, Master, and PhD programmes with flexible learning modes including Elearning, Part-time and full-time.

In its early years, ZU collaborated with the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology to offer various programmes from the institution, but after receiving a Letter of Interim Authority to operate as a University in 2014, It started to offer its own programmes. The University is approved by The Commission for University Education and awarded the charter in August 2022 by the President of Kenya H.E. President Uhuru Kenyatta.

The University comprises five schools:

School of Business and Economics

School of ICT, Media and Engineering

School of Education, Arts and Social Sciences

School of Health Sciences

Zetech Law School

The current chancellor is Professor Susan Alfano, and the Vice Chancellor is Professor Njenga Munene.

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) is a public university that is situated in Juja, 36 kilometres northeast of Nairobi, along the Nairobi-Thika SuperHighway, off Exit 15. It offers courses in technology, engineering, medicine, science, commerce, management and building sciences and holds a strong  research interest in the areas of biotechnology and engineering. Notable alumni include Dr. Paul Chepkwony, the first governor of Kericho County in Kenya and a former lecturer, Emma Miloyo, a prominent Kenyan architect and the first female  president of the Architectural Association of Kenya, as well as Aden Duale, the former leader of majority in the 11th Kenyan Parliament among others. As at 2023, the vice chancellor of the university was Prof. Victoria Ngumi.
2008 Gerry Weber Open
The 2008 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 16th edition of the Gerry Weber Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, from 7 June through 15 June 2008.

The singles draw featured World No. 1, French Open runner-up and 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 Halle champion Roger Federer, ATP No. 7, Delray Beach and Houston finalist James Blake, and defending champion Tomáš Berdych. Also present were Australian Open quarterfinalist and Chennai titlist Mikhail Youzhny, 2007 Halle runner-up Marcos Baghdatis, Radek Štěpánek, Jarkko Nieminen and Ivan Ljubičić.

First-seeded Roger Federer won his fifth singles title at the event.

2008 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships
The 2008 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 40th edition of the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at River Oaks Country Club in Houston, Texas, United States, from April 14 through April 20, 2008. Seventh-seeded Marcel Granollers Pujol won the singles title.

The singles draw featured ATP No. 8, 2007 Davis Cup champion and Delray Beach finalist James Blake, Indian Wells quarterfinalist Tommy Haas, and Miami Masters runner-up Mardy Fish. Among other top players competing were Las Vegas winner Sam Querrey, Acapulco quarterfinalist Agustín Calleri, Dudi Sela, Marcel Granollers Pujol and Óscar Hernández.
Freshwater aquarium algae
There are many types of algae that are commonly found in a freshwater aquarium setting. Species may be unintentionally disseminated through spores and fragments that hitchhike on ornamental fish and plants purchased from aquarium suppliers. Algae is typically considered a nuisance and subject to removal through the use of algicides and the release of algae eaters. However, total elimination of algae is considered unlikely in a hobby aquarium.

Algae can be used as an bioindicator to inform an aquarist on water chemistry and other conditions. Some species are intentionally cultivated within algae scrubbers. Few algae, such as marimo or red moss, are sought after for aquascaping in freshwater aquaria.

Algae scrubber
An algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. Algae scrubbers allow hobbyists to operate their saltwater or freshwater tanks or ponds using natural filtration based on primary production, much as occurs in oceans and lakes.
Awakening (Finnish religious movement)
The Awakening (Finnish: herännäisyys, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈherænːæi̯syːs]; or körttiläisyys, Finnish: [ˈkørtːilæi̯syːs]) is a Lutheran religious movement in Finland which has found followers in the provinces of Savo and Ostrobothnia. The origins of the movement are in the 18th century. It has functioned inside the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland throughout its existence. Formerly very Pietist, the movement is currently considered within mainstream Finnish Lutheranism.

The Last Temptations
The Last Temptations (Finnish: Viimeiset kiusaukset) is an opera in two acts by Joonas Kokkonen to a libretto by Lauri Kokkonen.  Along with Leevi Madetoja's Pohjalaisia and Aarre Merikanto's Juha, it is considered one of the most important Finnish operas.  The opera deals with the life of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century folk preacher Paavo Ruotsalainen. Kokkonen worked on the opera for 16 years before finishing the work. It was premiered in Helsinki by the Finnish National Opera in 1975.

The opera consists of two acts divided in 14 scenes. The combining element of the work is the hymn number 382 in the current Finnish hymnal of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, My Lord, my God in all distress (Finnish: Sinuhun turvaan Jumala) (382) which is a reoccurring theme throughout the opera. A chorus containing the whole hymn concludes the opera.
Ludlow Street
40°43′12″N 73°59′18″W﻿ / ﻿40.72000°N 73.98833°W﻿ / 40.72000; -73.98833

Ludlow Street runs between Houston and Division streets on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Vehicular traffic runs south on this one-way street.

Carlo McCormick
Carlo McCormick is an American culture critic and curator living in New York City. McCormick was Senior Editor of Paper. He is the author of numerous books, monographs and catalogues on contemporary art and artists. He lectures and teaches extensively at universities and colleges around the United States on popular culture and art. His writing has appeared in Effects : Magazine for New Art Theory, Aperture, Art in America, ArtNews, Artforum, Camera Austria, High Times, Spin, Tokion, Vice and other magazines.
Hoglinns Water
Hoglinns Water is a small freshwater loch in the south of the island of Hoy, Orkney.  It drains in to Heldale Water via Hoglinns Burn. The loch was surveyed in 1906 by Sir John Murray and later charted as part of the Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.

Hoy, Orkney
Hoy (from Old Norse Háey, meaning "high island") is an island in Orkney, Scotland, measuring 143 square kilometres (55 sq mi) – the second largest in the archipelago, after Mainland. A natural causeway, the Ayre, links the island to the smaller South Walls; the two islands are treated as one entity by the UK census. Hoy is also the name of a hamlet in the northwest of the island.
Melangeia
Melangeia (Ancient Greek: Μελαγγεῖα) was a place in ancient Arcadia, northeast of the town Mantineia, on one of the roads to Argos. From Melangeia, an aqueduct led to Mantineia.

Its location corresponds with that of the modern village Pikernis.

Mantinea
Mantinea (/ˌmæntəˈniːə/; Greek: Μαντίνεια Mantineia; also Koine Greek Ἀντιγόνεια Antigoneia) was a city in ancient Arcadia, Greece, which was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.

In modern times it is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tripoli, of which it is a municipal unit. Its seat was the village of Nestani (pop. 486 in 2011). It is located in the northeastern part of Arcadia. The municipal unit has a land area of 205.393 km2 and a population of 1,693 inhabitants (2021). Its largest other towns are Artemisio, Loukas, and Kapsas.
John Pippy
John Pippy (born December 10, 1970, in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand) is an American politician and major general in the Pennsylvania National Guard who is the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania.  A member of the Republican Party, he served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 2003 to 2012 and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003.

Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is a bicameral body consisting of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, with 50 members, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, with 203 members. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg.

During colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.
MobilePay
MobilePay is a mobile payment application used in Denmark and Finland. The service allows payments by means of a smartphone application and was first introduced in 2013 by Danske Bank. It was introduced to Finland later in the same year and since 2017 it has been used by all banks in Denmark. As of 2022, MobilePay had more than 4.4 million users in Denmark (total population: 5.8 million) and more than 2 million users in Finland (total population: 5.5 million). This corresponds to 75.86% of the Danish population and 36.36% of the Finnish one. In 2022, MobilePay merged with Vipps of Norway to form Vipps MobilePay, but they maintain their separate brand names in each country. MobilePay is a member of the European Mobile Payment Systems Association.

Personal identification number (Denmark)
The Danish Personal Identification number (personnummer or informally Danish: CPR-nummer, Greenlandic: CPR-normu or inuup-normua) is a national identification number, which is part of the personal information stored in the Civil Registration System (Danish: Det Centrale Personregister, Greenlandic: Inunnik Qitiusumik Nalunaarsuiffik).

The register was established in 1968 by combining information from all the municipal civil registers of Denmark into one. The register came into force by royal assent in Greenland with the effect from 1 July 1972.

It is a ten-digit number with the format DDMMYY-SSSS, where DDMMYY is the date of birth and SSSS is a sequence number. The first digit of the sequence number encodes the century of birth (so that centenarians are distinguished from infants), and the last digit of the sequence number is odd for males and even for females.
Video game packaging
Video game packaging refers to the physical storage of the contents of a PC or console game, both for safekeeping and shop display. In the past, a number of materials and packaging designs were used, mostly paperboard or plastic. Today, most physical game releases are shipped in (CD) jewel cases or (DVD) keep cases, with little differences between them.

Aside from the actual game, many items may be included inside, such as an instruction booklet, teasers of upcoming games, subscription offers to magazines, other advertisements, or any hardware that may be needed for any extra features of the game.

Keep case
A keep case or poly-box is a type of packaging, most commonly used with DVDs and Blu-ray videos (and sometimes CDs).

Besides DVD-Video films, keep cases are very common with most disc-based video games since the PlayStation 2, and they are also found on many PC titles and MP3-CD audiobooks (all use discs that are the same basic dimensions as a DVD).
Al Sajaa
Al Sajaa (also known as Al Saja'a) is a settlement in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), located on the Sharjah/Dhaid highway and adjacent to the arterial behind Emirates Road (E611).
It is the location of a major industrial area as well as the planned 14 million square feet industrial zone, Al Sajaa Industrial Oasis (ASIO). Developed by Sharjah Asset Management Holding (SAM), the investment arm of the government of Sharjah, the zone aims to become the largest industrial area in the UAE.

With an initial inventory of 353 development plots intended for use as industrial units, the size of plots in the zone's launch offering extended from 13,454 to 53,819 square feet. Plots include industrial, mixed use and retail units. The zone intends to capitalise on Sajaa's location close to Sharjah International Airport, the Al Hamriyah Port and Free Zone and the E611, which links the emirates on the west coast of the UAE.

Dhaid
Dhaid, or Al Dhaid (Arabic: ٱلذَّيْد, romanized: Adh-Dhayd), is the capital of the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. An oasis town, it has extensive irrigated date palm plantations with water channelled from the nearby Hajar mountains, at least in part through ancient tunnels dug for that purpose, known as aflāj in Arabic (falaj in the singular).

Dhaid has long occupied a strategic location in the mouth of the important Wadi Siji.
1955 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1955 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 58th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Drumcullen entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 18 September 1955 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Tullamore and Drumcullen, in what was their third meeting in the final. Tullamore won the match by 4–10 to 3–10 to claim their seventh championship title overall and a first championship title in 18 years.

1954 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1954 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Coolderry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 3 October 1954 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Drumcullen and Coolderry, in what was their first meeting in the final in four years. Drumcullen won the match by 4–03 to 3–02 to claim their 14th championship title overall and a first championship title in two years.
Breukeleveen
Breukeleveen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is in the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies southwest of Loosdrecht.

The hamlet consists of a single street between two lakes. At the north end, it borders the hamlet of Muyeveld, and on the south end it borders Tienhoven, Stichtse Vecht, in the province of Utrecht.

The hamlet is named after the nearby town of Breukelen.

Wijdemeren
Wijdemeren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛidəˈmeːrə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on the western border of the Gooi region.

Wijdemeren contains many lakes, including Spiegelplas and Ankeveense Plassen in the north(east) and Loosdrechtse Plassen in the (south)west.

Wijdemeren was established as a merger of 's-Graveland, Loosdrecht, and Nederhorst den Berg on 1 January 2002. The former municipality of Loosdrecht belonged to the province of Utrecht.