hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of trade unions in the United Kingdom
The History of trade unions in the United Kingdom covers British trade union organisation, activity, ideas, politics, and impact, from the early 19th century to the recent past. For current status see Trade unions in the United Kingdom.

United Rubber Workers of Great Britain
The United Rubber Workers of Great Britain was an organisation representing workers involved in the processing of rubber and other waterproof materials in the United Kingdom.

The union was founded in 1889 as the Waterproof Trade Union, then in 1891 changed its name to the India Rubber, Cable and Asbestos Workers' Union.  Before World War I it was renamed the United Rubber Workers of Great Britain.  Its membership fell to only 312 in 1936, at the end of a long trade depression, but it survived and by 1945, membership had risen to more than 4,000 people.  It then changed its name to the Rubber, Plastic and Allied Workers' Union.

In 1974, the union merged into the National Union of General and Municipal Workers.
Carl Petersen (Danish politician)
Carl Petersen (1 May 1894 – 21 May 1984) was a Danish politician, representing the Social Democratic Party in Parliament (Folketinget). He served as Minister for Public Works in 1945, 1947 to 1950 and again from 1953 to 1955, Minister for Agriculture in 1950, and Minister of the Interior from 30 August 1955 to 28 May 1957.

Minister of the Interior (Denmark)
The Minister of the Interior (Danish: Indenrigsminister) is a member of the Danish cabinet and the head of the Ministry of the Interior.

After the 2007 Folketing elections, the ministry was disbanded, and its areas of responsibility divided between two newly created ministries, the Ministry of Welfare and the Ministry of Health and Prevention. With the announcement of the first Lars Løkke Rasmussen cabinet in 2009, the Ministry of Welfare was abolished and replaced by the Ministry of the Interior and Social Affairs, a de facto re-establishment of two old ministries. Only emancipation affairs were moved to the Ministry of Employment.
Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь ру́сского языка́) is a lexicographic group name for dictionaries. The definition "explanatory" word does not necessarily appear in the title name of these vocabularies. Among the most known explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language are:

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language or Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, 4 volumes, Russian Empire, 1st edition 1863–1866

Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language or Ushakov Dictionary, 4 volumes, USSR, 1935–1940

Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ozhegov), 1 volume, USSR, 1st edition 1949

Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ozhegov)
Dictionary of the Russian Language (Russian: Слова́рь ру́сского языка́) is an explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. The first edition was published under the editorship of Ozhegov in 1949. It contained about 57,000 words; its 21st edition (1990) counted 70,000 word entries. From 1992 the dictionary is released with the names of two co-authors, Ozhegov and Shvedova.
Chris Slade
Chris Slade (born Christopher Slade Rees; 30 October 1946) is a Welsh drummer, who is perhaps best known for playing for Manfred Mann's Earth Band from its inception in 1971 to 1978 on eight albums, and AC/DC, for which he drummed from 1989 to 1994 and performed on the 1990 album The Razors Edge. He returned to AC/DC in February 2015 to replace Phil Rudd for the "Rock or Bust World Tour". Slade has also played with Tom Jones, Toomorrow, Uriah Heep, David Gilmour, The Firm, and Asia.

Malcolm Young
Malcolm Mitchell Young (6 January 1953 – 18 November 2017) was an Australian musician who was a founding member of the hard rock band AC/DC. Young was a rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and backing vocalist in the band. Except for a brief absence in 1988, Young was a member of AC/DC from its formation in 1973 until his retirement in 2014. As a member of AC/DC, Young was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2023, Rolling Stone named Young and his younger brother and fellow AC/DC member Angus Young the 38th-best guitarists of all time.
Hugh de Morville, Constable of Scotland
Hugh de Morville (died 1162) of Appleby in Westmorland, England, hereditary Constable of Scotland, was a Norman knight who made his fortune in the service of David I of Scotland (d.1153), Prince of the Cumbrians, later King of Scotland.

Katharine Keats-Rohan
Katharine Stephanie Benedicta Keats-Rohan (/ˈkiːts ˈroʊən, roʊˈhæn/; born 1957) is a British history researcher, specialising in prosopography. She has produced seminal work on early European history, and collaborated with, among others, Christian Settipani. Keats-Rohan is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern prosopographical and network analysis research, which has become highly computer-dependent.
Frankfort Cinema
The Frankfort Cinema is a sailplane manufactured in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s and which was used by the United States Army Air Corps as a training glider under the designation TG-1. It was a high-wing, strut-braced design with a fully enclosed cabin. Originally designed as a single-seater, a two-seat version designated the Cinema II was produced soon afterwards, and this design was put forward when the Army issued a requirement for training gliders. At the same time, the company was awarded production contracts for transport gliders, the CG-1 and CG-2.

However, Frankfort lacked the resources to quickly produce large numbers of gliders, and only 43 TG-1s were delivered. The TG-1 designation was also applied to 10 civilian Cinemas that were impressed into Army service.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Iveco T-series
The Iveco T-series is a medium to heavy-duty truck model produced by the Italian manufacturer Iveco, although it used the squared-off H-series cab originally introduced by Fiat in 1970. The truck was badged as an Iveco Fiat from 1975 and by 1980 the "Fiat" portion had been dropped entirely. A lighter duty range called the M-series was added in mid-1984, replacing the long defunct Fiat 130NC.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
1914 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1914 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1914. Primary elections were held on September 1, 1914.

Incumbent Republican Governor Francis E. McGovern retired to run for U.S. Senate.

Republican nominee Emanuel L. Philipp defeated Democratic nominee John C. Karel, Progressive nominee John J. Blaine and Social Democratic nominee Oscar Ameringer, with 43.26% of the vote.

Vilas County, Wisconsin
Vilas County (/vaɪləs/ VYE-ləss) is a county in the state of Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,047. Its county seat is Eagle River. The county partly overlaps the reservation of the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
M-ary tree
In graph theory, an m-ary tree (for nonnegative integers m) (also known as n-ary, k-ary, k-way or generic tree) is an arborescence (or, for some authors, an ordered tree) in which each node has no more than m children. A binary tree is an important case where m = 2; similarly, a ternary tree is one where m = 3.

Arborescence (graph theory)
In graph theory, an arborescence is a directed graph where there exists a vertex r (called the root) such that, for any other vertex v, there is exactly one directed walk from r to v (noting that the root r is unique). An arborescence is thus the directed-graph form of a rooted tree, understood here as an undirected graph. An arborescence is also a directed rooted tree in which all edges point away from the root; a number of other equivalent characterizations exist.

Every arborescence is a directed acyclic graph (DAG), but not every DAG is an arborescence.
Aprank Monastery
Aprank or Abrenk, also known as Saint David, is a former Armenian Apostolic monastery near Üçpınar, Tercan in Erzincan Province, eastern Turkey that was abandoned after the Armenian Genocide of 1915. Composed of a lower walled monastery and an upper chapel, the complex lies in a derelict and semi-ruined state.

The monastery is best known for a pair of monumental, nearly 5 meters tall khachkars (cross stones) from the late 12th century. They are regarded as the largest khachkars surviving within Turkey and the tallest in the world. Their replicas were erected near Echmiadzin Cathedral, the center of the Armenian Church, in 2015 in the memory of genocide victims.

The local municipality describes it as "architecturally noteworthy" and a landmark of Erzincan Province despite being largely unknown to tourists.

Jean-Michel Thierry
Jean-Michel Thierry de Crussol (1916–2011) was a French physician and art historian. His specialities are in Byzantine and Armenian art.

He was born on 13 August 1916 in Bagnères de Luchon, France. He studied and got his education in Paris. He co-wrote the book Armenian Art in 1989 and also wrote many articles concerning Armenian art, especially Armenian architecture.
Boston College Eagles sports radio networks
The Boston College Eagles sports radio network broadcasts Boston College Eagles games on AM, FM, and satellite radio. The sports teams covered include Boston College Eagles football, men's ice hockey, and Boston College men's basketball. The broadcasts are available nationwide via Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

Historically they were broadcast on 15 stations (10 A.M., 5 F.M.) heard across six New England states.

Boston College Eagles
The Boston College Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Boston College, located in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) sub-level for football), primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1936 British drama film produced and directed by George King, and written by Frederick Hayward, H. F. Maltby, and George Dibdin-Pitt. The film features actor Tod Slaughter as the barber Sweeney Todd.

Mrs. Lovett
Mrs. Lovett is a fictional character appearing in many adaptations of the story Sweeney Todd. Her first name is most commonly referred to as Nellie, although she has also been referred to as Amelia, Margery, Maggie, Sarah, Shirley, Wilhelmina, Mary, and Claudetta. A baker from London, Mrs. Lovett is an accomplice and business partner of Sweeney Todd, a barber and serial killer from Fleet Street. She makes meat pies from Todd’s victims.

First appearing in the Victorian penny dreadful serial The String of Pearls, it is debated if she was based on an actual person or not. The character also appears in modern media related to Sweeney Todd including multiple stage and film adaptations. Her first appearance was on Broadway in 1979 by Angela Lansbury.
Edmund Stone
Edmund Stone (c. 1690 – March or April 1768) was an autodidact Scottish mathematician who lived in London and primarily worked as an editor of mathematical and scientific texts and translator from French and Latin into English. He is especially known for his translations of  Nicholas Bion's Mathematical Instruments (1723, 1758) and the Marquis de l'Hospital's  Analyse des Infiniment Petits (1730), and for his New Mathematical Dictionary (1726, 1743). Stone was celebrated for having risen from uneducated gardener's son to accomplished scholar.

Theodosius of Bithynia
Theodosius of Bithynia (Ancient Greek: Θεοδόσιος Theodosios; 2nd–1st century BC) was a Hellenistic astronomer and mathematician from Bithynia who wrote the Spherics, a treatise about spherical geometry, as well as several other books on mathematics and astronomy, of which two survive, On Habitations and On Days and Nights.
Bar (river morphology)
A bar in a river is an elevated region of sediment (such as sand or gravel) that has been deposited by the flow. Types of bars include mid-channel bars (also called braid bars and common in braided rivers), point bars (common in meandering rivers), and mouth bars (common in river deltas). The locations of bars are determined by the geometry of the river and the flow through it. Bars reflect sediment supply conditions, and can show where sediment supply rate is greater than the transport capacity.

Deposition (geology)
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

This occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null point hypothesis. Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. For example, chalk is made up partly of the microscopic calcium carbonate skeletons of marine plankton, the deposition of which induced chemical processes (diagenesis) to deposit further calcium carbonate. Similarly, the formation of coal begins with the deposition of organic material, mainly from plants, in anaerobic conditions.
The Jungle Book Groove Party
The Jungle Book Groove Party (also known as The Jungle Book Rhythm n'Groove in North America) is a 2000 music rhythm video game developed by Ubi Soft Montreal and Ubi Soft Shanghai, and published by Ubi Soft for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, and PlayStation 2. Featuring similar gameplay to the Dance Dance Revolution series, the game features characters and songs from Disney's film The Jungle Book (1967). The game was packaged with a dance pad.

Music video game
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player's interactions with a musical score or individual songs. Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of "rhythmically generated puzzles".

Music video games are distinct from purely audio games (e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound: Kaze no Regret) in that they feature a visual feedback, to lead the player through the game's soundtrack, although eidetic music games can fall under both categories.
Jenne, Lazio
Jenne is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Rome.

Jenne borders the following municipalities: Arcinazzo Romano, Subiaco, Trevi nel Lazio, Vallepietra.

In the late 12th century, it was the birthplace of Pope Alexander IV.

Subiaco, Lazio
Subiaco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, in the Italian region of Latium, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Tivoli alongside the River Aniene. It is a tourist and religious resort because of its sacred grotto (Sacro Speco), in the medieval St. Benedict's Abbey, and its Abbey of Santa Scolastica. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The first books to be printed in Italy were produced here in the late 15th century.
1988 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1988 New Zealand rugby league season was the 81st season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand. The main feature of the year was the World Cup final that was played at Eden Park. Australia defeated New Zealand in the final 25–12. Auckland won the National Provincial Competition.

Auckland rugby league team
The Auckland rugby league team is the team which traditionally represents all of the clubs which play in the Auckland Rugby League competition. As well as a senior men's team there are also Auckland representative teams throughout the various age groups such as under 15s, under 17s, under 19s and under 21s.

Under the new zone scheme introduced in 2010 the Auckland team represents the North Shore, East Auckland and West Auckland, while South Auckland is represented by the Counties Manukau rugby league team. The zone team is named the Akarana Falcons.
Bahar Wali Boali
Bahar Wali Baoli (also spelled Bahar Wali Bawli) is a historical stepwell located in Kharian, within the Gujrat District of Punjab, Pakistan. Rooted in Mughal-era architecture, the baoli served as a vital source of water and a social utility for the local community.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Xeromphalina brunneola
Xeromphalina brunneola is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found in the western United States where it grows in dense clusters on debarked conifer logs, it was described by mycologist Orson K. Miller in 1968. The type collection was made by Miller near Priest River, Idaho, in September 1964. The mushroom has a dull orange, convex to nearly flattened cap measuring 0.6–15 mm (0.02–0.59 in) in diameter. The orange-buff gills are narrow, closely spaced, and decurrently attached to the stipe. Spores are elliptical, smooth, amyloid, and measure 5.5–6.6 by 2.5–3.0 μm.

Mycenaceae
The Mycenaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 10 genera and 705 species. This is one of several families that were separated from the Tricholomataceae as a result of phylogenetic analyses. Taxa in the Mycenaceae are saprobic, have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found in almost all ecological zones. The family was circumscribed by Caspar van Overeem in 1926.

The extinct genus Protomycena, described from Burdigalian age Dominican amber found on the island of Hispaniola is one of four known agaric genera in the fossil record.
Footlight (typeface)
Footlight is a serif typeface designed by Malaysian type designer Ong Chong Wah in 1986 for the Monotype Corporation. Footlight is an irregular design. It is sold in weights from light to extra-bold with matching italics. It was originally designed as an italic font, a roman version was later made.

Microsoft Publisher
Microsoft Publisher is a desktop publishing application from Microsoft, differing from Microsoft Word in that the emphasis is placed on page layout and graphic design rather than text composition and proofreading. Its discontinuation is planned for October 2026.
Ajesaia
Ajesaia is a Malagasy football club based in Itaosy, Analamanga. The team won the Coupe de Madagascar in 2006, qualifying them for the Super Coupe de Madagascar (which they lost 1–0 to AS Adema) and the CAF Confederation Cup (where they beat Curepipe Starlight SC of Mauritius in the preliminary round, but lost to Ismaily SC of Egypt in the first round).

The team has a feeder club agreement with SS Saint-Pauloise of Réunion, which in turn has one with French giants Olympique Lyonnais.

AS Adema
AS ADEMA was a Malagasy football club based in Antananarivo, Madagascar. They have won the THB Champions League championship on four occasions, in 2002, 2006, 2012 and 2021. In 2002 they also advanced to the quarterfinals of the CAF Cup where they lost to Al-Masry of Egypt.

AS Adema won a THB Champions League match against SO l'Emyrne by the score of 149–0 on 31 October 2002. SOE scored 149 own goals in protest against a refereeing decision.
Chrysler LH platform
The LH platform served as the basis for the Chrysler Concorde, Chrysler LHS, Chrysler 300M, Dodge Intrepid, Eagle Vision, and the Chrysler New Yorker. A Plymouth to be called the "Accolade" was planned, but never saw production. The platform pioneered Chrysler's "cab-forward" design; featured on some Chrysler, Dodge, and Eagle cars in the 1990s and early 2000s.

Chrysler SOHC V6 engine
The single overhead cam V6 engine introduced in 1993. It was derived from Chrysler's first homegrown front-wheel drive V6, the Chrysler 3.3 engine. The SOHC V6 has been replaced by the Chrysler Pentastar engine.

There are three major variants of this basic design: the 3.5 L, 3.2 L, and 4.0 L. Additionally, a 2.7 L DOHC version was developed.
Iris subbiflora
Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring, (between April and May), with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Brian Mathew
Brian Frederick Mathew MBE, VMH is a British botanist, born in the village of Limpsfield, Surrey, England. His particular area of expertise is bulbous plants, particularly ornamental bulbous plants, although he has contributed to other fields of taxonomy and horticulture. He has authored or co-authored many books on bulbs and bulbous genera which appeal to both botanists and gardeners, as well as specialist monographs on other genera, including Daphne (with Chris Brickell), Lewisia, and Helleborus. His work has been recognized by the British Royal Horticultural Society and the International Bulb Society.