hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Callus (mollusc)
A callus is an anatomical feature that exists in some mollusk shells, a thickened area of shell material that can partly or completely cover the  umbilicus, or can be located as a coating on the body whorl near the aperture of the shell (i.e. a parietal callus or columellar callus). It is a hardened deposit of enamel, which varies in coloration and size depending on the species

A funiculus (plural: funiculi) is a narrow ridge of callus spiraling from the upper lip into the umbilicus.

A callus exists in the shells of various species of gastropods (snails) and also in the shells of several species of Nautilus, a cephalopod.

A callum is an anatomical feature of some mature bivalve shells of species in the family Pholadidae, the piddocks. The callum is an area of shell material that fills the gap between the two valves.

Parietal callus
A parietal callus is a feature of the shell anatomy of some groups of snails, i.e. gastropods. It is a thickened calcareous deposit which may be present on the parietal wall of the aperture of the adult shell. The parietal wall is the margin of the aperture and part of the wall of the body whorl that is closest to the columella. The callus is often smooth and glossy, but can also be decorated with raised ribs or wrinkles.

This feature is found in such marine families as Ranellidae (pictured), Cassidae, Nassariidae, Ringiculidae and others. It is also found in some families of land snails, terrestrial pulmonates.

The callus is often "glazed", to help the animal slide in and out of the shell more easily.

When the callus covers of 50% of the surface area of the ventral part of the shell, it is called an "extreme parietal callus".
PayPal Mafia
The PayPal Mafia is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed other technology companies based in Silicon Valley, such as LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.
Checkered Past (EP)
Checkered Past is an EP by ska punk band Save Ferris that was released on February 10, 2017, on Withyn Records. The EP marks the band's first release in 18 years since 1999's Modified and their first since lead singer and founding member Monique Powell reformed the band with a brand new lineup after years of legal battles with the former members of the band. The EP was produced by Oingo Boingo bassist John Avila and features a guest appearance by Neville Staple of The Specials on the EP's first single, "New Sound".

Modified (album)
Modified is the second studio album by American rock band Save Ferris, released in 1999.

The album peaked at No. 136 on the Billboard 200. The song "The Only Way To Be" is featured on the 2000 film Scary Movie.
Leptophyes albovittata
Leptophyes albovittata is a species belonging to the family Tettigoniidae, subfamily Phaneropterinae. It is found in Europe east of France and Spain. mainly in Eastern Europe . To the west, the border runs along the line Würzburg-Nördlingen-Munich. The species feeds on delicate and soft-leaved plants, such as chickweed, dandelion and Lathyrus.

Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.  They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
Inverse condemnation
Inverse condemnation is a legal concept and cause of action used by property owners when a governmental entity takes an action which damages or decreases the value of private property without obtaining ownership of the property through the use of eminent domain. Thus, unlike the typical eminent domain case, the property owner is the plaintiff and not the defendant.

In the United States of America, inverse condemnation actions are filed against the federal government pursuant to the Takings Clause of the 5th Amendment to the United States Constitution, and against state governments under that clause or similar clauses found in most state constitutions.

Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid
Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid, 594 U.S. 139 (2021), was a United States Supreme Court case involving eminent domain and labor relations. In its decision, the Court held that a regulation made pursuant to the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act that required agricultural employers to allow labor organizers to regularly access their property for the purposes of union recruitment constituted a per se taking under the Fifth Amendment. Consequently, the regulation may not be enforced unless “just compensation” is provided to the employers.
Princess Maria Fortunata d'Este
Maria Fortunata d'Este (24 November 1731 – 21 September 1803) was a Modenese princess by birth and a princess du sang by marriage. By her marriage to Louis François Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, her first cousin, she became the Countess of La Marche and later the Princess of Conti; and was a member of the French court of Kings Louis XV and Louis XVI. She was the last Princess of Conti, and died without issue.

Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon (16 November 1725 - 4 March 1793) was the son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon and his wife Marie Victoire de Noailles. He was therefore a grandson of Louis XIV and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. From birth he was known as the  Duke of Penthièvre. He also possessed the following titles: Prince of Lamballe (given later as a courtesy title to the duke's only surviving son); Prince of Carignano; Duke of Rambouillet; Duke of Aumale (1775); Duke of Gisors; Duke of Châteauvillain; Duke of Arc-en-Barrois; Duke of Amboise; Count of Eu; Count of Guingamp. He was the father in law of Philippe Égalité.
Old Lake County Courthouse (California)
The Old Lake County Courthouse, also known as Lake County Courthouse, in Lakeport, California is a building built in 1870.  It served Lake County as a seat of government from 1871 until 1968. Precedent-setting trials on water rights were held here, along with the "White Cap" murder trial, a notorious episode in vigilantism held here in 1890. The brick courthouse, constructed by A.P. Pettit in 1870–1871, was one of the few buildings in the vicinity to survive the 1906 San Francisco earthquake with only minor damage. It is now California Historical Landmark #897 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NPS-70000134). The county schools library was located in the basement until at least 1968. It is surrounded by a Lakeport City Park.

Lakeport, California
Lakeport is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, California. The city is 125 miles (201 km) northwest of Sacramento. Lakeport is situated on the western shore of Clear Lake, at an elevation of 1,355 feet (413 m). The population was 5,026 at the 2020 census, up from 4,753 at the 2010 census.
ESL Pro League Season 5
ESL Pro League Season 5 (shortened as EPL Season 5) was a Counter-Strike: Global Offensive tournament run by ESL. It is the fifth season of the ESL Pro League, and has an overall prize pool of $1,000,000 . For the first time, the Finals will take place in Dallas, Texas, from May 30 to June 4, in the Verizon Theatre. Teams from two continents, North America and Europe competed in fourteen team leagues to attempt to qualify for the Finals over a ten-week regular season. Europe's season began with Natus Vincere defeating Astralis and ended with Team EnVyUs defeating Astralis. North America's season started with Cloud9 defeating Rush and ended with Renegades defeating Rush. In the finals, G2 Esports was crowned Season 5's champion after winning a best of five series against North.

ESL Pro League
The ESL Pro League (formerly ESL ESEA Pro League; shortened as EPL) is a Counter-Strike 2 (CS2) professional esports league, produced by ESL. It was previously based on four regions: Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania but following a format revamp in season 13, regional leagues were discontinued and unified into one league. ESL Pro League currently comprises 24 teams each season. The ESL Pro League is considered to be the premier professional CS2 league in the world and is one of the major professional leagues in esports. The ESL Pro League began as a venture between the Electronic Sports League (ESL) and E-Sports Entertainment Association League (ESEA). Its inaugural season started on May 4, 2015.
John Max
John Max RCA (John Porchawka, 23 September 1936 – 5 May 2011) was a Canadian photojournalist, photography teacher, and art photographer. He is recognized for his use of the narrative sequence, his expressive portraiture, and his intensely personal, subjective approach to photography by a number of critics, curators, artists, and photographers in Canada and abroad. It has also been the source of a number of responses and homages. His work is represented by the Stephen Bulger Gallery, in Toronto, which also administers his Estate.

Robert Frank said about him "When I think of Canadian photography, his name comes up first."

George Eastman Museum
The George Eastman Museum, also referred to as George Eastman House and the International Museum of Photography and Film, is a photography museum, located on the grounds of the George Eastman's estate in Rochester, New York. Opened to the public in 1949, is the oldest museum dedicated to photography and one of the world's oldest film archives.

Known for its collections in the fields of photography and cinema, the museum is also a leader in film preservation and photograph conservation, educating archivists and conservators from around the world. Home to the 500-seat Dryden Theatre, the museum is located on the estate of entrepreneur and philanthropist George Eastman, the founder of Eastman Kodak Company. The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence is a memorial depicting the signatures of the 56 signatories to the United States Declaration of Independence.  It is located in the Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The memorial is accessible to the public by crossing a wooden bridge onto a small island set in the lake between Constitution Avenue and the Reflecting Pool, not far from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool
The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the largest of the many reflecting pools in Washington, D.C.. It is a 2,030-by-167-foot (619 by 51 m) rectangular pool located on the National Mall, directly east of the Lincoln Memorial, with the World War II Memorial and Washington Monument to the east of the reflecting pool.

Part of the iconic image of Washington, D.C., the reflecting pool hosts many of the 24 million visitors who visit the National Mall annually. It is lined by walking paths and shade trees on both sides. Depending on the viewer's vantage point, it dramatically reflects the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Mall's trees, and the expansive sky.
Athletics at the 1998 Micronesian Games
Athletics competitions at the 1998 Micronesian Games were held at the National Stadium (Palau) in Koror, Palau, between August 1–8, 1998.

A total of 32 events were contested, 16 by men and 16 by women.

Athletics at the Micronesian Games
Athletics competitions have been held at the quadrennial Micronesian Games, that are open for the 10 member federations of the Micronesian Games Council, since the inaugural edition 1969 in Saipan, then Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (now Northern Mariana Islands).
Grębień
Grębień [ˈɡrɛmbjɛɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pątnów, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Pątnów, 10 km (6 mi) south of Wieluń, and 95 km (59 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pątnów, Łódź Voivodeship
Pątnów [ˈpɔntnuf] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pątnów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Wieluń and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Panare language
Panare is a Cariban language, spoken by the Panare, who number 3,000–4,000 and live in Bolivar State in central Venezuela. Their main area is South of the town of Caicara del Orinoco, south of the Orinoco River. There are several subdialects of the language. The autonym for the people is e'ñapá, which has various senses depending on context, including 'people', 'indigenous-people', and 'Panare-people'. The term for the language is Eʼñapa Woromaipu. The term "Panare" itself is a Tupí word that means "friend." It is unusual in having object–verb–agent as one of its main word orders, the other being the more common verb–agent–object. It also displays the typologically uncommon property of an ergative–absolutive alignment in the non-perfective aspects and a nominative–accusative alignment in perfective aspect.

Bound and free morphemes
In linguistics, a bound morpheme is a morpheme (the elementary unit of morphosyntax) that can appear only as part of a larger expression, while a free morpheme (or unbound morpheme) is one that can stand alone. A bound morpheme is a type of bound form, and a free morpheme is a type of free form.
Art of Hosting
“The Art of Hosting” is a method of participatory leadership for facilitating group processes, as used by a loose-knit community of practitioners. In their method, people are invited into structured conversation about matters they are concerned about while facilitators act as hosts. This community group understands “hosting” as a certain way of facilitation that is supposed to have the capacity of making emerge the collective intelligence that people possess. As an approach to facilitation, The Art of Hosting is focused on “improved, conscious, and kind ways of growing a capacity to support a deliberate wisdom, unique to being together,” and also relies on a specific attitude to process organization. The practitioners see this methodology of engagement as a way to bring people in complex, social systems into convergence on collective actions, with the participants discovering and proposing their own solutions.

Facilitator
A facilitator is a person who helps a group of people to work together better, understand their common objectives, and plan how to achieve these objectives, during meetings or discussions. In doing so, the facilitator remains "neutral", meaning they do not take a particular position in the discussion. Some facilitator tools will try to assist the group in achieving a consensus on any disagreements that preexist or emerge in the meeting so that it has a solid basis for future action.
Arctotis debensis
Arctotis debensis is a plant belonging to the genus Arctotis. The species is endemic to the Eastern Cape and occurs from King William's Town to the Prairie Forest. It has a range of only 186 km2 and has already lost 30% of its habitat to development, overgrazing and crop cultivation. The threats still exist.

Arctotis
Arctotis is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the family Asteraceae.

Arctotis is native to dry stony slopes in southern Africa. Some of the plants are alternatively placed in the genus Venidium. The common name is "African daisy", or "Gousblom" in Afrikaans. These plants have daisy-like composite flowers which tend to close in the late afternoon or in dull weather, but numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use which stay open for longer, and are available in a wide range of colours. Tender perennials are often grown in temperate regions as half-hardy annuals.

The garden hybrid A. × hybrida hort. 'Flame' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Vigorous Arctotis hybrids like 'Pink Sugar' and 'Large Marge' are popular choices for garden design for the diverse colors of their blooms.
Francs Peak
Francs Peak, elevation 13,158 feet (4,011 m), is the highest point in the Absaroka Range which extends from north-central Wyoming into south-central Montana, in the United States. It is in the Washakie Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest, and the peak is also the highest point in Park County, Wyoming, which includes much of Yellowstone National Park. It was named after Otto Franc, a cattle baron and homesteader in the Big Horn Basin in the latter half of the 19th century.

Washakie Wilderness
The Washakie Wilderness is located in Shoshone National Forest in the U.S. state of Wyoming.

U.S. Wilderness Areas do not allow motorized or mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season.
John Culkin (hurler)
John Culkin (born 23 August 1981) is an Irish former hurler who played for Galway Championship club Abbeyknockmoy and at inter-county level with the Galway senior hurling team. He usually lined out as a full-back or centre-back.

1999 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1999 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 24 April 1999 and ended on 12 September 1999.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clare in the Munster semi-final.

On 12 September 1999, Galway won the championship following a 0-13 to 0-10 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title overall and their first title in 1994.

Tipperary's Eoin Kelly was the championship's top scorer with 1-21.
Waqar Ali
Waqar Ali (Urdu: وقار علی; born 16 January 1966) is a Pakistani musician and singer. Ali has produced many albums and singles for the Pakistan film industry.  His father is the classical singer Shafqat Hussein, and Waqar Ali often works with his elder brother Sajjad Ali.  Ali composed the music for the 1998 film Aik Aur Love Story and is the composer of the 2007 Pakistani TV drama series Sill.

He has worked with singers Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Sajjad Ali, Shabnam Majeed, Atif Aslam, Lucky Ali, Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch and others. Over recent decades, Waqar Ali has evolved into one of the best TV music composers in Pakistan.

Pyarey Afzal
Pyarey Afzal or Pyaare Afzal  (Urdu: پیارے افضل) ( English: Dear Afzal), is a 2013 Pakistani romantic melodrama television serial that aired on ARY Digital. Directed by Nadeem Baig and written by Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar, the drama was produced by Humayun Saeed and Shazad Nasib's Six Sigma Entertainment. The drama starred Hamza Ali Abbasi and Ayeza Khan in the lead roles.

Often cited as one of the greatest Pakistani dramas of all time, Pyarey Afzal won many people's choice awards from Dawn readers in 2014. At the annual Lux Style Awards, Pyarey Afzal won five awards from seven nominations, including Best TV Play, Best Director for Baig, Best Actor for Abbasi and Best Actress for Khan. Pyaray Afzal also aired in India on the Zindagi Channel under the same name. The Express Tribune stated Indian viewers liked "The script, dialogue delivery, background score and overall finesse".
Zhumabek Tashenev
Jūmabek Ahmetūly Täşenov (Kazakh: Жұмабек Ахметұлы Ташенов; 20 March 1915 – 18 November 1986) was a Soviet politician, who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR from 1960 to 1961 and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR from 1955 to 1960.

Tashenov was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1962, he earned a Ph.D. in Economics.

North Kazakhstan Region
North Kazakhstan Region is a region of Kazakhstan with a population of 522,171. Its capital is Petropavl, with a population of 221,907 people. It is the only region of Kazakhstan in which ethnic Kazakhs don't make up a majority.
Lei Clijsters
Leo Albert Jozef "Lei" Clijsters (6 November 1956 – 4 January 2009) was a Belgian professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Throughout his extensive senior career, the tough stopper was mainly associated with KV Mechelen, with whom he won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Super Cup. Also a prominent member of the Belgium national team, he was the father of tennis players Kim and Elke Clijsters.

1987–88 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1987–88 season of the European Cup Winners' Cup finished with a shock victory by Mechelen in the final against defending champions Ajax. This led to their 1988 European Super Cup title in the club's first ever European campaign (1987–89). As the next season's Belgian league victor it defended its title in a semifinal of the 1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup. Financial problems have been keeping this last Belgian holder of any European cup away from a position to be as successful again.
Abasár
Abasár is a village in Heves County, Hungary, under the Sár mountain (500 m), in the Mátra mountain ranges. As of the 2022 census, it has a 
population of 2501 (see Demographics). The village ia located 7.4 km from (Nr. 85) Vámosgyörk–Gyöngyös railway line, 4.3 km from the main road 3 and 11.7 km from the M3 motorway. The closest train station with public transport in Gyöngyös.

Gyöngyös
Gyöngyös is a town in Heves County, Hungary, beside of the Gyöngyös creek, under the Mátra mountain ranges. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 27,957 (see Demographics). The town is located 8.4 km from the M3 motorway and 80.8 km from Budapest. Gyöngyös is terminus of the (Nr. 85) Vámosgyörk–Gyöngyös railway line and the main road 3 lead across the town. Gyöngyös have a train station and a stop on the standard-gauge railway line and the two narrow-gauge railway lines of the Gyöngyös State Forest Railway also start from here to the mountains for tourist purposes.
Beijing U5
The Beijing U5 or previously the Senova D50 is a compact sedan produced by BAIC under the Senova (Shenbao 绅宝) brand and later the Beijing brand. The electric version is called the EU5, and was branded as the BJEV or BAIC EU5 before being rebadged as the Beijing EU5. The U5 and EU5 both received a facelift in 2021 and was renamed to U5 plus and EU5 Plus sold under the Beijing brand.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.