hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Song Young-chang
Song Young-chang (Korean: 송영창, born (1958-04-02)2 April 1958) is a South Korean actor, voice actor and broadcaster. He is best known for his role as Player 100, Im Jeong-dae (임정대), in the television series Squid Game.

On September 27th, 2000, Song was arrested after allegedly paying a minor to have sex with him. He served a 10-month prison sentence and a 2-year probation period for statutory rape.

Squid Game season 2
The second season of South Korean dystopian survival thriller television series Squid Game, marketed as Squid Game 2 (Korean: 오징어 게임 2) and created by writer and director Hwang Dong-hyuk, was released on Netflix on December 26, 2024.

Four days after its premiere, the second season had set new streaming records with 68 million views, exceeding the highest premiere viewership for Netflix held by the first season of Wednesday at 50.1 million views during its premiere week. 
According to Netflix, the season ranked at No. 1 in 92 countries. It garnered positive reviews from critics. A third and final season, which was filmed back-to-back with the second season, was released on June 27, 2025.
Stephen B. Pope
Stephen B. Pope is the Sibley College Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Cornell University.

He was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after being nominated by their Division of Fluid Dynamics in 1991, for contributions of archival value to probability-density-function methods in turbulence modeling, to understanding of the geometry and distortion of surfaces in turbulent flows, and to extraction of Lagrangian statistics from direct numerical simulations. He is the recipient of 2008 Ya. B. Zeldovich Gold Medal from The Combustion Institute. and Propellants and Combustion Award (2012) from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is currently in the editorial board of Combustion Theory and Modelling

Pope was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2010 for contributions to the modeling of turbulent flow, including the development of probability density function methodologies for turbulent combustion.

Yakov Zeldovich
Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich ForMemRS (Russian: Я́ков Бори́сович Зельдо́вич, Belarusian: Я́каў Бары́савіч Зяльдо́віч; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, D.S. was a leading Soviet physicist of Belarusian origin, who is known for his prolific contributions in physical cosmology, physics of thermonuclear reactions, combustion, and hydrodynamical phenomena.

From 1943, Zeldovich, a self-taught physicist, started his career by playing a crucial role in the development of the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons. In 1963, he returned to academia to embark on pioneering contributions on the fundamental understanding of the thermodynamics of black holes and expanding the scope of physical cosmology.
Buildings archaeology
Buildings archeology or archaeotecture is a branch of archaeology that focuses on the study of above-ground structures, or elevations, of various types of buildings. These include religious structures (churches, abbeys), civil constructions (houses, apartment buildings, industrial, commercial, and agricultural structures, transportation infrastructure, and hydraulic works), and military edifices (castles, fortifications). The term "archaeology of elevations" reflects its focus on these standing structures, which are typically built with durable materials like stone, though less commonly with perishable materials such as wood or wattle and daub.

Conservation and restoration of cultural property
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.
Maar Shamshah
Maar Shamshah (Arabic: معر شمشه, also spelled Maarshmisha) is a village administratively belonging to the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. Nearby localities include the mantiqah ("district") center of Maarrat al-Nu'man to the west, Maar Shurin to the north, Talmenes to the east, Maar Shamrin and Deir Sharqi to the southeast and Deir Gharbi to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Maar Shamshah had a population of 3,268 in the 2004 census.

During the ongoing Syrian Civil War between the government of Bashar al-Assad and opposition activists and rebels, Maar Shamshah has been described as a "pro-rebel" village by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, an activist organization. The Observatory reported that the village was bombarded by the Syrian Army on 31 October 2012. The Observatory later reported that Maar Shamshah was shelled by the Syrian Army on 11 November.

Tell Mannas
Tell Mannas (Arabic: بلدة تلمنس), sometimes spelled Telminnes, Tal Minnis, Talmanis, Talmanes or Telmans, is a village 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) east of Maarrat al-Nu'man. The village is administratively a part of the Maarrat al-Nu'man District in the Idlib Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tell Mannas had a population of 11,359 in the 2004 census.
Edward VIII coins
Edward VIII coins are a series of coins from the United Kingdom and other territories of the British Empire that were produced in 1936 upon the accession of King Edward VIII. Because of his short reign of just 326 days and eventual abdication, many never entered circulation and remained only as pattern pieces.

The exact number of Edward VIII coins in existence is unknown. The vast majority of the coins from the United Kingdom were melted down by the Royal Mint after the King's abdication. Many pattern issues are retained by the Royal Mint Museum, with other surviving coins purchased by private collectors. In 2020, an Edward VIII sovereign sold at auction for £1 million, the most for a British coin. On 26 March 2021, a five pound gold coin sold at auction for $2,280,000, surpassing the previous record.

Pattern coin
A pattern coin is a coin which has not been approved for release but is produced to evaluate a proposed coin design. They are often off-metal strike (using metals of lower value to test out the dies), to proof standard or piedforts. Many coin collectors collect and study pattern coins because of their historical importance. Many of the world's most valuable coins are pattern coins; nearly 25 of the pieces listed in 100 Greatest US Coins are pattern coins.
Paigham (1964 film)
Paigham is a Pakistani social drama film, directed by Nazir Ajmeri, and co-produced by S. M. Yusuf and F. M. Sardar under banner F&Y Movies. It starred Shamim Ara, Sultan and Rukhsana. The film was remade by S. Suleman as Aaj Aur Kal (1976).

Paigham was a critical and commercial success. At the annual Nigar Award ceremony, it won an award in the category of Best comedian for Lehri.

S. Suleman
Syed Suleman (29 December 1938 – 14 April 2021), also known as S. Suleman or Sullu Bhai, was a Pakistani film director. He also appeared in Bollywood films with minor roles before migrating to Pakistan and after migration, he directed around forty-eight films in Pakistan film industry, including two Punjabi films between 1961 and 1998.

He made his acting debut with an Indian film Mela playing the younger role of Dilip Kumar. He made his directorial debut with Gulfam (1961) while his last film as a director is Very Good Dunya Very Bad Log (1998). Zeenat (1975) is the first film of Suleman which helped him to earn his first Nigar Awards — Best Director. He also directed Urdu TV serials after leaving Pakistan film industry.
Hillcrest Country Club (Los Angeles)
34°03′04″N 118°24′25″W﻿ / ﻿34.051°N 118.407°W﻿ / 34.051; -118.407

Hillcrest Country Club is a private country club located on the west side of Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1920, it is a historically Jewish country club and was established at a time when Jewish members were excluded from other elite social clubs in the city.

Harpo Marx
Arthur "Harpo" Marx (born Adolph Marx; November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1964) was an American comedian and harpist, and the second-oldest of the Marx Brothers. In contrast to the mainly verbal comedy of his brothers Groucho and Chico, Harpo's comic style was visual, being an example of vaudeville, clown and pantomime traditions. In all of his movie appearances, he wore a curly reddish blonde wig and did not speak, instead blowing a horn or whistling to communicate. Marx frequently employed props such as a horn cane constructed from a lead pipe, tape, and a bulbhorn.
Max Perlich
Max Perlich (born March 26, 1968) is an American film and television actor. In 1990, Perlich won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in the hit indie film Drugstore Cowboy and was nominated for the same award in 1996 for his performance in Georgia.

Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
The Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male was one of the annual Independent Spirit Awards. It was first presented in 1987, with Morgan Freeman being the first recipient, for his role as Fast Black in Street Smart. It was last presented in 2022 with Troy Kotsur being the final recipient of the award for his role in CODA.

In 2022, it was announced that the four acting categories would be retired and replaced with two gender neutral categories, with both Best Supporting Male and Best Supporting Female merging into the Best Supporting Performance category.

Steve Buscemi, Willem Dafoe and Benicio del Toro are the only actors who have received this award more than once, with two wins each.
Igor I. Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition
The Igor I. Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition was established in 1980 by the American Helicopter Society (AHS) International. The award, the AHS Sikorsky Prize, was given for the first human powered helicopter (HPH) to meet a set of extremely challenging flight requirements. In summary, the requirements to win the AHS Sikorsky Prize included a flight duration of 60 seconds and reaching an altitude of 3 meters (9.8 feet), with the center point of the aircraft hovering over a 10-by-10-metre (33 by 33 ft) square.

In 2013, 33 years after the competition was established, the award was officially declared won when AeroVelo's Atlas human-powered helicopter conducted a flight that met all the requirements of the AHS International competition, and received the $250,000 prize.

In the history of the prize, dozens of teams have designed and built human-powered helicopters, although few have made it airborne.

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) is a public university in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, outside of the city limits of San Luis Obispo. Founded in 1901, it is the oldest of three polytechnic universities within the California State University system.  Cal Poly emphasizes a "learn by doing" philosophy, integrating hands-on, practical experiences into its curriculum. As of fall 2025, Cal Poly had approximately 22,000 undergraduate and 900 graduate students.

The university is home to several programs, including in engineering, architecture, and business.  Most of the university's athletic teams participate in the Big West Conference.
Thames-Coromandel District
The Thames-Coromandel District is a territorial authority district in the North Island of New Zealand, covering all the Coromandel Peninsula and extending south to Hikutaia.

It is administered by the Thames-Coromandel District Council, which has its seat in the town of Thames. It was the first district council to be formed in New Zealand, being constituted in 1975. The district lies within the Waikato Regional Council area. Its only land boundary is with Hauraki District.

Hikutaia
Hikutaia is a locality on the Hauraki Plains of New Zealand. It lies on State Highway 26, south east of Thames and north of Paeroa. The Hikutaia River runs from the Coromandel Range through the area to join the Waihou River.
Sora-Q
Sora-Q is a miniature Lunar rover designed and made by Japanese space agency JAXA, toy manufacturer Tomy, Sony, and Doshisha University.

It was launched to the Moon first on the failed Hakuto-R Mission 1 in 2022, and on 2023 Smart Lander for Investigating Moon mission, where it is officially called the Lunar Excursion Vehicle 2 (LEV-2). The rover was successfully deployed and operated after landing on January 19, 2024.

The baseball-sized rover has a mass of 250 g and diameter of 8 cm and is equipped with two small cameras. LEV-2 extends its shape to crawl on the lunar surface using two wheels at its sides, a method of locomotion inspired by frogs and sea turtles; it can "run"  for approximately two hours.

JAXA
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, Kokuritsu-kenkyū-kaihatsu-hōjin Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō; lit. 'National Research and Development Agency Aerospace Research and Development Organisation') is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize (formerly Reaching for the skies, exploring space).
Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK; lit. 'Sri Lanka Tamil State Party'; Tamil: இலங்கைத் தமிழரசுக் கட்சி, Sinhala: ඉලංගෙයි තමිළ් අරසු කච්චි) is a Sri Lankan political party which represents the Sri Lankan Tamil minority in the country. It was originally founded in 1949 as a breakaway faction of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC). In 1972, ITAK merged with the ACTC and Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC) to form the Tamil United Front, which later changed its name to the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF). ITAK remained dormant until 2004 when a split in the TULF resulted in ITAK being re-established as an active political party. ITAK was the main constituent party of the Tamil National Alliance from 2004 until its dissolution in 2024. As of 2024, the party is the largest Tamil party in Parliament and the third-largest overall,  after the National People's Power and the Samagi Jana Balawegaya.

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.
Aiguabarreig (Mequinenza)
Aiguabarreig is a natural space with great importance as an area of reproduction, wintering and resting of migratory fauna located in Mequinenza (Bajo Cinca, Aragón, Spain). It constitutes the largest river confluence of the Iberian Peninsula (with the union of Ebro, Segre and Cinca rivers) and one of the largest in all Europe. Is considered as one of the greatest biological natural spaces of Aragon.

Monegros Desert
The Monegros Desert or Desierto de los Monegros is a semi-desert in Aragón, northeastern Spain, spanning the provinces of Zaragoza and Huesca. It  is a semi-arid zone prone to frequent droughts. It is noted for its annual electronic music festival held in mid-July, the Monegros Festival.
Empfingen
Empfingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɛmpfɪŋən]) is a municipality in the district Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Empfingen itself comprises two local districts, Wiesenstetten and Dommelsberg. Empfingen is close to the federal motorway 81 Stuttgart – Singen (A 81).

Freudenstadt (district)
Freudenstadt is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rastatt, Calw, Tübingen, Zollernalbkreis, Rottweil and the Ortenaukreis.
Stochastic tunneling
In numerical analysis, stochastic tunneling (STUN) is an approach to global optimization based on the Monte Carlo method-sampling of the function to be objective minimized in which the function is nonlinearly transformed to allow for easier tunneling among regions containing function minima. Easier tunneling allows for faster exploration of sample space and faster convergence to a good solution.

Nicholas Metropolis
Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: Νικόλαος Μητρόπουλος; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist.

Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with Robert Mulliken) at the University of Chicago. Shortly afterwards, Robert Oppenheimer recruited him from Chicago, where he was collaborating with Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller on the first nuclear reactors, to the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

He arrived in Los Alamos in April 1943, as a member of the original staff of fifty scientists. He came back to Los Alamos in 1948 to lead the group in the Theoretical Division that designed and built the MANIAC I computer in 1952 that was modeled on the IAS machine, and the MANIAC II in 1957.
Gmina Narewka
Gmina Narewka (Belarusian: Гміна Нараўка) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Narewka, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Hajnówka and 51 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 339.48 square kilometres (131.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,019.

It is one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.

Hajnówka County
Hajnówka County (Polish: powiat hajnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Hajnówka, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Kleszczele, lying 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Hajnówka.

The county covers an area of 1,623.65 square kilometres (626.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 42,851, out of which the population of Hajnówka is 20,580, that of Kleszczele is 1,250, and the rural population is 21,021.
Jiajia Township, Qinghai
Jiajia Township (Mandarin: 贾加乡) is a township in Jainca County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Jiajia Township had a total population of 1,612 people: 789 males and 823 females: 353 under 14 years old, 1,115 aged between 15 and 64 and 144 over 65 years old.

Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 黄南藏族自治州; traditional Chinese: 黃南藏族自治州; pinyin: Huángnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; Tibetan: རྨ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་, Wylie: rma lho bod rigs rang skyong khul) is an autonomous prefecture of eastern Qinghai, northwest China, bordering Gansu to the east. The prefecture has an area of 17,921 km2 (6,919 sq mi) and its seat is in Tongren County.
(Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer
(Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer is the organoruthenium compound with the formula [(C6H6)RuCl2]2. This red-coloured, diamagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.

Organoruthenium chemistry
Organoruthenium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to ruthenium chemical bond. Several organoruthenium catalysts are of commercial interest and organoruthenium compounds have been considered for cancer therapy.
The chemistry has some stoichiometric similarities with organoiron chemistry, as iron is directly above ruthenium in group 8 of the periodic table. The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl.

In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from −2 ([Ru(CO)4]2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4]−).  Most common are those in the +2 oxidation state, as illustrated below.

1st generation Grubbs catalyst

Shvo catalyst

(cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer

triruthenium dodecacarbonyl.

chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium

pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ruthenium dichloride dimer
1957 Singapore Open
The 1957 Singapore Open, also known as the 1957 Singapore Open Badminton Championships, took place from 2 October – 4 December 1957 at the Singapore Badminton Hall in Singapore. The ties were played over a few months with the first round ties being played on the 2nd of October and the finals on the 4th of December. The mixed doubles final was played on the 16th of November.

This was also the first championships whereby the tournament was open to competitors from both in and outside of Singapore.

Singapore Open (badminton)
The Singapore Open is a badminton event held annually in Singapore since 1929. Since 2023, the Badminton World Federation (BWF) categorised the Singapore Open as one of the six BWF World Tour Super 750 events within its tournament structure.

In 1929, the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA) was formed to promote the sport and organize competitions. The first official annual open championships were held in the same year and the best players were selected to represent Singapore in regional tournaments. In 1957, it became an open invitation championship and was held annually until 1973.

In 1987–1989, the tournament was known as the Konica Cup, an invitation-only championship for Asian players, and in 1990, it joined the International Badminton Federation Grand Prix circuit for the first time. In 2007, the Singapore Open became part of the BWF Super Series. In 2018, it was designated as a Super 500 event. In 2023, it was further upgraded into a Super 750 event.
Alvøyna
Alvøyna is an island in Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 12-square-kilometre (4.6 sq mi) island is located west of the Hjeltefjorden and it had a population of 785 inhabitants in 2017. It sits just north of the island of Ona and just south of the island of Seløyna. The Sture Terminal, an oil terminal and endpoint of the Oseberg Transport System, was established here in 1988.

The village of Alveim is located on the west side of the island and the village of Tjeldstø lies on the eastern shore.

Hjeltefjorden
Hjeltefjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The 35-kilometre (22 mi) long fjord runs north–south between many islands leading from the open ocean to the city of Bergen. It passes through the municipalities of Fedje, Øygarden, Alver, and Askøy. Its name is derived from Hjaltland, the Old Norse name for Shetland. The main shipping routes from Bergen to Shetland ran through Hjeltefjorden.

Hjeltefjorden is a major shipping route into the city of Bergen, and it runs from the island of Fedje in the north to Byfjorden in the south. It is delimited to the west by the islands of Øygarden and Sotra and to the east by the islands of Radøy, Holsnøy, Herdla and Askøy.

Hjeltefjorden was the site of the closing stages of the Battle of Alvøen in 1808.