hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947) is a Cuban-born American lawyer and writer, active in the field of human rights and international law. From 1 May 2012 to 30 April 2018, he served as the first UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order, appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council.

Bertrand Ramcharan
Bertrand G. Ramcharan (born 27 April 1943), is a Guyanese diplomat and former United Nations official who once held from 2011 to 2015 President of UPR Info, an NGO working to promote and strengthen the Universal Periodic Review. He is also former chancellor of the University of Guyana, Senior Fellow at the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies and currently visiting professor of international law in Lund University, Sweden. Ramcharan is the first holder of the HEI Swiss Chair of Human Rights at the Geneva Graduate Institute of International Studies. He has a doctorate from the London School of Economics and is a barrister of Lincoln's Inn.
Olavsvern
Olavsvern (lit. 'Olav's protection/defense') is a decommissioned underground submarine base formerly used by the Royal Norwegian Navy located just outside the city of Tromsø. It is located along the European route E8 at the entrance to the Ramfjorden from the Balsfjorden.

Balsfjorden
Balsfjorden (Norwegian) or Báhccavuotna (Northern Sami) is a fjord in Troms county, Norway. The 57-kilometre (35 mi) long fjord runs through Balsfjord Municipality and Tromsø Municipality. It branches off the Tromsøysundet strait just south of the city of Tromsø and it flows in a north–south direction, ranging from 2 to 7 kilometres (1.2 to 4.3 mi) wide. The European route E8 highway follows most of the eastern shore of the fjord and the European route E6 highway runs along the southern end of the fjord. The village of Storsteinnes lies along the southwestern coast of the fjord and the village of Nordkjosbotn lies at the southeastern end of the fjord.
Pepsi Grand Slam
The Pepsi Grand Slam of Tennis was a men's tennis tournament played as part of the Grand Prix circuit from 1976 to 1981.  The tournament was played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, in 1976 and Boca Raton, Florida, from 1977 to 1981.  It was held on outdoor clay courts and featured a field of four players: winners of the semi-finals played in the final, while losers played a consolation match.

The tournament's official name was the "Pepsi-Cola Grand Slam of Tennis". It was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola, who also sponsored a "mobile tennis program" (youth instruction) and a worldwide junior tournament circuit. CBS Sports broadcast the matches as part of its tennis coverage.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Metriopelia
Metriopelia is a genus of ground doves containing four species that live in the dry, upland habitats along the Andean mountain chain in South America. They have large wings and three species have orange skin around the eyes.

The genus was introduced by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1855 with the black-winged ground dove (Metriopelia melanoptera) as the type species. The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek metrios meaning "modest" with peleia meaning "dove".

The four species in the genus are:

Black-winged ground dove
The black-winged ground dove (Metriopelia melanoptera) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It lives in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru and is usually found in grassy areas near tree lines but roosts in Polylepis forest and Puya colonies. Throughout most of its range, it occurs at altitudes between 2,000 and 4,400 m (6,600 and 14,400 ft) but between 900 and 4,900 m (3,000 and 16,100 ft) in Chile. It moves to lower elevations in winter.
Atlantic diet
The  Atlantic diet refers the traditional eating habits of people in Portugal, with a particular emphasis on the north, and Galicia, in Northwestern Spain; which focuses on unprocessed foods, vegetables and fruits, nuts, whole grain bread, fish, dairy, eggs, olive oil and some red meat and wine. As both emphasize  avoiding processed foods, the Atlantic diet is similar to the Mediterranean diet. The Atlantic diet involves more fish, milk, potatoes, bread, red meat and pork, while the Mediterranean diet has more pasta, beans and seeds, and greater emphasis on fat from extra-virgin olive oil rather than fatty fish like mackerel, sardines and salmon.

Spanish cuisine
Spanish cuisine (Spanish: cocina española) consists of the traditions and practices of Spanish cooking. It features considerable regional diversity, with significant differences among the traditions of each of Spain's regional cuisines.

Olive oil (of which Spain is the world's largest producer) is extensively used in Spanish cuisine. It forms the base of many vegetable sauces (known in Spanish as sofritos). Herbs most commonly used include parsley, oregano, rosemary and thyme. The use of garlic has been noted as common in Spanish cooking. The most-used meats in Spanish cuisine include chicken, pork, lamb and veal. Fish and seafood are also consumed on a regular basis. Tapas and pinchos are snacks and appetizers commonly served in bars and cafes.
Walsh matrix
In mathematics, a Walsh matrix is a specific square matrix of dimensions 2n, where n is some particular natural number. The entries of the matrix are either +1 or −1 and its rows as well as columns are orthogonal. The Walsh matrix was proposed by Joseph L. Walsh in 1923.  Each row of a Walsh matrix corresponds to a Walsh function.

The Walsh matrices are a special case of Hadamard matrices where the rows are rearranged so that the number of sign changes in a row is in increasing order. In short, a Hadamard matrix  is defined by the recursive formula below and is naturally ordered, whereas a Walsh matrix is sequency-ordered. Confusingly, different sources refer to either matrix as the Walsh matrix.

The Walsh matrix (and Walsh functions) are used in computing the Walsh transform and have applications in the efficient implementation of certain signal processing operations.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
West Caucasian bat virus
West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV) is a member of genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae and order Mononegavirales. This virus was first isolated from Miniopterus schreibersii, in the western Caucasus Mountains of southeastern Europe in 2002. WCBV is the most divergent form of Lyssavirus, and is found in Miniopterus bats (insectivorous), Rousettus aegyptiacus, and Eidolon helvum. The latter two are both fruit bats. The virus is fragile as it can be inactivated by UV light and chemicals, such as ether, chloroform, and bleach. WCBV has not been known to infect humans thus far.

Lyssavirus
Lyssavirus (from the Greek λύσσα lyssa  "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Mammals, including humans, can serve as natural hosts. The genus Lyssavirus includes the causative agent (rabies virus) of rabies.
Belgian heraldry
Belgian heraldry is the form of coats of arms and other heraldic bearings and insignia used in the Kingdom of Belgium and the Belgian colonial empire but also in the historical territories that make up modern-day Belgium.

Today, coats of arms in Belgium are regulated and granted by different bodies depending on the nature, status, and location of the armiger.

Monarchy of Belgium
The monarchy of Belgium is the constitutional and hereditary institution of the monarchical head of state of the Kingdom of Belgium. As a popular monarchy, the Belgian monarch uses the title king/queen of the Belgians and serves as the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the Belgian Armed Forces.

There have been seven Belgian monarchs since independence in 1830. The incumbent, Philippe, ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following the abdication of his father Albert II.
Slovenia at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Slovenia competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was the nation's eighth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics as an independent nation. Slovenian athletes won five medals, including three gold, won by canoeist Benjamin Savšek, road racing cyclist Primož Roglič, and sport climber Janja Garnbret. Three gold medals is an all-time record for Slovenia at the Summer Olympics, having previously won two gold in 2000. The Olympics saw the debut of the men's basketball team who finished fourth in the tournament.

2020 FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments – Kaunas
The 2020 FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Kaunas was one of four 2020 FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments. The tournament was held in Kaunas, Lithuania. It was originally scheduled to take place from 23 to 28 June 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to 29 June to 4 July 2021.
2023 Girls' U17 NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The 2023 Girls' U17 NORCECA Volleyball Championship, officially named 2023 NORCECA Girls' U17 Continental Championship, was the 1st edition of the Girls' U17 NORCECA Volleyball Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA) for the girls' under-17 national teams of North, Central America and Caribbean. It was held in Tegucigalpa, Honduras from 21 to 26 November 2023.

The tournament acted as the NORCECA qualifiers for the FIVB Volleyball Girls' U17 World Championship. The top three teams qualified for the 2024 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U17 World Championship in Peru as the NORCECA representatives.

Mexico won the title after beating Puerto Rico 3–2 in the final. Canada defeated Dominican Republic 3–1 in the third place match to take the bronce medal. Champions Mexico, runners-up Puerto Rico and the third place Canada qualified for the 2024 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U17 World Championship.

Girls' U17 NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The Girls' U17 NORCECA Continental Championship is a sport competition for national volleyball teams, currently held biannually and organized by the NORCECA, the North America, Central America and Caribbean volleyball federation. The competition is played by girls' under-17 teams.
Barcaldine (horse)
Barcaldine (1878) was an outstanding, undefeated British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He succeeded in carrying on the Matchem sire-line, which would have died out in Europe without his sons and grandsons. In the US, Matchem passed on his sire-line through Man o' War via the exported Australian.

Australian (horse)
Australian (1858 – 15 October 1879) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was exported to the United States where he had modest success as a racehorse but became a very successful and influential breeding stallion.
60th Baeksang Arts Awards
The 60th Baeksang Arts Awards (Korean: 제60회 백상예술대상) ceremony was held at COEX, Seoul on May 7, 2024, at 17:00 (KST). The show was hosted by Shin Dong-yup, Bae Suzy, and Park Bo-gum. It was broadcast live simultaneously in South Korea on JTBC, JTBC2, and JTBC4, and internationally on Prizm.

It is one of South Korea's most prestigious award shows, recognizing excellence in film, television, and theatre, through strict screening conducted by 60 professional evaluators, judges in the industry, and a group of experts.

The nominees were announced on April 8, 2024, via its official website. All works released from April 1, 2023 to March 31, 2024, were eligible for nominations.

Baeksang Arts Awards
The Baeksang Arts Awards (Korean: 백상예술대상), also known as the Paeksang Arts Awards, are awards for excellence in film, television and theatre in South Korea. The awards were introduced in 1965 by Chang Key-young, the founder of the newspaper Hankook Ilbo, whose art name was "Baeksang". It was established for the development of Korean popular culture and art and for enhancing the morale of artists. They are regarded as one of the most prestigious entertainment awards in South Korea.

Baeksang Arts Awards are annually presented at a ceremony organised by JoongAng Group in the second quarter of each year. Until 2021, it was organised by Ilgan Sports before its acquisition by eDaily, a subsidiary of KG Group. It is the only comprehensive awards ceremony in the country, recognising excellence in film, television and theatre.
2016 King's Cup
The 2016 King's Cup  (also known as the 44th Annual King's Cup Football Tournament) (Thai:การแข่งขันฟุตบอลชิงถ้วยพระราชทานคิงส์คัพครั้งที่ 44) is an international football competition, and will be the 44th edition of the tournament. It was organised by the Football Association of Thailand or the FAT. The tournament is set to be a in knockout tournament format with all matches being held at the Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand on 3 and 5 June.

This edition will feature the host Thailand and three invited teams. The three teams that have been invited are Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and Syria. Montenegro was expected to participate, but later declined, leaving the Thais to put Syria instead.

King's Cup (Thailand)
The King's Cup is an international football tournament held in Thailand, organised by the Football Association of Thailand. The winner of the competition is given the royal trophy by the King of Thailand. The host, Thailand, is a participant in every edition. The tournament was founded in 1968, and has been held every year since, with the exception of 1983, 1985, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2020 and 2021.

In some years, the competition has featured club or invitational teams as well as international sides. Various prominent footballers have participated in this tournament, including Aymen Hussein, Cha Bum-kun, Sunil Chhetri, Peter Schmeichel, Jesper Olsen, Brian Laudrup, Cafu, Dida, Juninho, Rivaldo, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Henrik Larsson, Kamil Glik,  Robert Lewandowski, Martin Škrtel, Martin Dúbravka, Milan Škriniar, Stanislav Lobotka, Cuco Martina and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang. Since 2018, the King's Cup will only featured the senior national team.
Shipwreck (play)
Shipwreck is a 1949 Australian verse drama by Douglas Stewart about the Batavian Mutiny.

Leslie Rees felt the play was "disappointing in that it is a drama of tempestuous vigour rather than of true power. It is hair-raisingly startling rather than poetically elevating." Rees did think "The construction and organic development are extremely well handled. The characters are clear and distinct. But for the most part they are extremely unpleasant."

Douglas Stewart (poet)
Douglas Stewart AO OBE (6 May 1913 – 14 February 1985) was a major twentieth century Australian poet, as well as short story writer, essayist and literary editor.  He published 13 collections of poetry, 5 verse plays, including the well-known Fire on the Snow, many short stories and critical essays, and biographies of Norman Lindsay and Kenneth Slessor. He also edited several poetry anthologies.

His greatest contribution to Australian literature came from his 20 years as literary editor of The Bulletin, his 10 years as a publishing editor with Angus & Robertson, and his lifetime support of Australian writers.
Dicranophora (fungus)
Dicranophora is a genus of two mold species in the family Mucoraceae. It was circumscribed by German mycologist Joseph Schröter in 1886. The type species is Dicranophora fulva, a yellow mold that grows on the fruit bodies of bolete mushrooms.

Mucoraceae
The Mucoraceae are a family of fungi of the order Mucorales, characterized by having the thallus not segmented or ramified. Pathogenic genera include Absidia, Apophysomyces, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 25 genera and 129 species.
Neomicropteryx elongata
Neomicropteryx elongata is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Syuti Issiki in 1953. It is known from Japan.

The length of the forewings is 5.5-6.1 mm for males and 5.4-5.5 mm for females.

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.
Dodge Challenger (2008)
The Dodge Challenger is a full-size muscle car that was introduced in early 2008 originally as a rival to the evolved fifth-generation Ford Mustang and the fifth-generation Chevrolet Camaro.

In November 2021, Stellantis announced that 2023 model year would be the final model year for both the LD Dodge Charger and LA Dodge Challenger, as the company will focus its future plans on electric vehicles rather than fossil fuel powered vehicles, due to tougher emissions standards required by the Environmental Protection Agency for the 2023 model year. Challenger production ended on December 22, 2023, and the Brampton, Ontario assembly plant will be re-tooled to assemble an electrified successor.

TFT LCD
A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a type of liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film transistor technology to improve image qualities such as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

TFT LCDs are used in television sets, computer monitors, mobile phones, video game systems, personal digital assistants, navigation systems, projectors, and dashboards in some automobiles and in medium to high end motorcycles.
Modular group
In mathematics, the modular group  is the projective special linear group  of  matrices with integer coefficients and determinant , such that the matrices  and  are identified. The modular group acts on the upper-half of the complex plane by linear fractional transformations. The name "modular group" comes from the relation to moduli spaces, and not from modular arithmetic.

Center (group theory)
In abstract algebra, the center of a group G is the set of elements that commute with every element of G. It is denoted Z(G), from German Zentrum, meaning center. In set-builder notation,

Z(G) = {z ∈ G | ∀g ∈ G, zg = gz}.

The center is a normal subgroup, , and also a characteristic subgroup, but is not necessarily fully characteristic. The quotient group, G / Z(G), is isomorphic to the inner automorphism group, Inn(G).

A group G is abelian if and only if Z(G) = G. At the other extreme, a group is said to be centerless if Z(G) is trivial; i.e., consists only of the identity element.

The elements of the center are central elements.
Henry Slade (medium)
Henry Slade (1835–1905) was a famous fraudulent medium who lived and practiced in both Europe and North America. Slade was best known for his "slate writing" method, where he would purportedly produce messages written by spirits on slates.

Chung Ling Soo
William Ellsworth Robinson (April 2, 1861 – March 24, 1918) was an American magician who went by the stage name Chung Ling Soo (Chinese: 程連蘇; pinyin: Chéng Liánsū). He is mostly remembered today for his extensive use of yellowface in his act to falsely represent himself to be a Chinese man who spoke little English, as well as for his accidental death due to a failed bullet catch trick.
Enhanced Games
The Enhanced Games (TEG) is a planned multi-sport event.  Founded by Australian businessman Aron D'Souza, it plans to allow athletes to use performance-enhancing substances without being subject to drug tests; organizers claim these substances must be FDA-approved and used under medical supervision. According to D'Souza, he created the Games because he believes that athletes are entitled to do what they wish with their own bodies, and that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is corrupt for exploiting them.

The first competition of TEG is scheduled for May 2026, and several former Olympic swimmers intend to participate. Reactions have been generally negative from the sporting world, the scientific community, and media outlets, with commentators highlighting the safety risks of encouraging performance-enhancing drug use.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.