hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bad Dürrenberg
Bad Dürrenberg is a spa town in the Saalekreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approx. 8 km southeast of Merseburg. It is known for its historic graduation tower (for extracting salt from brine), the largest one in Germany.

Saalekreis
Saalekreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The district seat is Merseburg. Its area is 1,434.2 km2 (553.7 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Kyffhäuserkreis (Thuringia), Mansfeld-Südharz, Salzlandkreis, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Nordsachsen, Leipzig (both Saxony) and Burgenlandkreis. The district-free city of Halle is surrounded by the Saalekreis.
Herne, Kent
Herne /hɜːrn/ is a village in the civil parish of Herne and Broomfield, in Canterbury district, in the county of Kent, England. It is divided by the Thanet Way from the seaside resort of Herne Bay. Between Herne and Broomfield, is the former hamlet of Hunters Forstal. Herne Common lies to the south on the A291 road.

The hamlet of Bullockstone is about one mile to the west.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
Bagud
Bagud (Persian: بگود, also Romanized as Bagūd) is a village in Fin Rural District, Fin District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 6 families.

Fin Rural District
Fin Rural District (Persian: دهستان فین) is in Fin District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Fin. The rural district is home to the centuries-old Fin Castle.
Venezuela at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Venezuela competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy. 36 competitors, 31 men and 5 women, were selected by the Comité Olímpico Venezolano to take part in 26 events in 9 sports. The Venezuelan representation was similar to that of the Helsinki Games that awarded the country first olympic medal but including for the first time a Venezuelan sailing and weightlifting representation. The sporting shooter Enrico Forcella won the nation's second ever Olympic medal and to date solely Olympic medallist in shooting. Women's return after being absent from the previous game, competing in fencing like before but also for the first time in swimming.

Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Venezuela competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland. The Venezuelan Olympic Committee selected 38 competitors, 36 men and two women, to take part in 37 events across eight sports. This was a much greater turnout than 1948, Venezuela's only previous entry, which had only one athlete. For the first time, women represented Venezuela at the Summer Olympics. Women have been absent in the Venezuelan team on four occasions, including the next Summer Games held in Melbourne.

Venezuela won one medal at the Games, a bronze in triple jump; the medalist, Asnoldo Devonish, was almost not included in the team, and competed at the Games while injured.
Protective pairing
In the field of penology, protective pairing is a form of prison violence in which one inmate agrees to protect another inmate in exchange for servitude, typically in the form of sex with the protector, which can include prostitution arrangements with other prisoners.

The term was coined by activist  Stephen Donaldson.

Prison violence
Prison violence refers to physical assaults, sexual abuse, riots, and other forms of aggressive behavior that occur within correctional facilities. It represents a significant challenge for prison administrators, affects the safety and rehabilitation of incarcerated individuals, and raises broader questions about the conditions of confinement.

Violence in correctional settings occurs worldwide, and in several forms.

Prisons try to avoid and deal with such situations by being proactive. Steps that are taken include placing violent convicts and gang leaders into solitary confinement, balancing the cells by critically examining each inmate to see where they are likely to reside peacefully, reducing blind spots, and conducting officer training and education. However, prison violence is often overlooked and ignored, which can lead to severe injuries and fatalities.
Exclusion Bill Parliament
The Exclusion Bill Parliament was a Parliament of England during the reign of Charles II of England, named after the long saga of the Exclusion Bill. Summoned on 24 July 1679, but prorogued by the king so that it did not assemble until 21 October 1680, it was dissolved three months later on 18 January 1680/81.

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
General James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English Army officer and courtier. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England with his mistress Lucy Walter.

The Duke of Monmouth served in the Second Anglo-Dutch War and commanded English troops taking part in the Third Anglo-Dutch War before commanding the Anglo-Dutch brigade fighting in the Franco-Dutch War. He led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle King James II and VII. After one of his officers declared Monmouth the legitimate king in the town of Taunton in Somerset, Monmouth attempted to capitalise on his Protestantism and his position as the son of Charles II, in opposition to James, who had become a Roman Catholic. The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685.
Høvåg (village)
Høvåg is a village in Lillesand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of the town of Lillesand and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of the city of Kristiansand. The village lies on the northern shore of the Kjerkekilen, a strait leading from the Blindleia to the Isefjorden. The village is the site of Høvåg Church and from 1865 until 1962, it was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Høvåg.

The 0.26-square-kilometre (64-acre) village has a population (2016) of 280 which gives the village a population density of 1,077 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,790/sq mi).

Lillesand (town)
Lillesand is the administrative centre of Lillesand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The town is located along the Skagerrak coast, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) southwest of the town of Grimstad and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the city of Kristiansand. The 5.08-square-kilometre (1,260-acre) town has a population (2019) of 7,966 and a population density of 1,567 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,060/sq mi). In Norway, Lillesand is considered a by which can be translated as either a "town" or "city" in English.

Lillesand Church is located in the town and it is the seat of the Vest-Nedenes prosti (deanery). The European route E18 passes by the town, one of the main roads along southeastern Norway. The Blindleia strait is an inland waterway that leads from the Høvåg area northwards to the town of Lillesand.
NGC 4706
NGC 4706 is a lenticular galaxy located about 157 million light-years away in the constellation Centaurus. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on June 5, 1834. NGC 4706 is a member of the Centaurus Cluster.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
The True and Only Heaven
The True and Only Heaven: Progress and its Critics is a 1991 book by the American historian and social critic Christopher Lasch. It is a historical analysis of the American political landscape, which Lasch argues stands out due to a largely unquestioned faith in progress that unites the entire spectrum. The book traces the origins and expressions of this faith and encourages Americans to discover currents that have criticized it all along, in America notably populism and producerism, which Lasch favored because he regarded them as more democratic.

The True and Only Heaven was the last book by Lasch published during his lifetime. In the book's review of the American radical tradition, it summarizes much material from Lasch's previous books, such as The New Radicalism in America (1965), Haven in a Heartless World (1977) and The Culture of Narcissism (1979).

Progress
Progress is movement towards a perceived refined, improved, or otherwise desired state. It is central to the philosophy of progressivism, which interprets progress as the set of advancements in technology, science, and social organization – the latter being generally achieved through direct societal action, as in social enterprise or through activism, but being also attainable through natural sociocultural evolution – that progressivism holds all human societies should strive towards.

The concept of progress was introduced in the early-19th-century social theories, especially social evolution as described by Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. It was present in the Enlightenment's philosophies of history. As a goal, social progress has been advocated by varying realms of political ideologies with different theories on how it is to be achieved.
Lonia Dvorin
Ari "Lonia" Dvorin (Hebrew: לוניה דבורין; Ukrainian: Льоня Дворін; Russian: Лёня Дворин; 23 October 1917 – 17 March 2000) was an Israeli football player and coach. As a player, he played as a full-back for Beitar Tel Aviv and the Mandatory Palestine national team.

1940 Palestine Cup
The 1940 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the eleventh season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition.

The defending holders, Hapoel Tel Aviv, fell to city rival Maccabi Tel Aviv at the semi-final. Maccabi met the emerging team of Beitar Tel Aviv at the final and lost 1–3.
2018 Fed Cup
The 2018 Fed Cup was the 56th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The 2018 Fed Cup was expected to feature some structural changes, including a 16-team World Group and the introduction of a Final Four event at a neutral, predetermined location. However, the ITF announced shortly before their annual meeting that they were tabling a vote on the changes for at least one year.

In one of the biggest shocks in the tournament history, Russia was demoted to the Zonal Groups for the first time in two decades, after consecutive losses to Slovakia and Latvia.

The final took place on 10–11 November and was won by the Czech Republic.

2018 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2018 World Group II play-offs are four ties which involves the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that win their play-off ties enter the 2019 World Group II, while losing nations join their respective zonal groups.
Iraqi Special Republican Guard
The Iraqi Special Republican Guard (SRG) (Arabic: الحرس الجمهوري الخاص, romanized: al-Ḥaras al-ʿIrāq al-Jamhūrīy al-Khas), also known as the Special Forces Brigade of the Presidential Palace, Republican Guard Special Protection Forces, or the Golden Division, was an elite praetorian guard unit founded in either early 1992 or March 1995 in Ba'athist-era Iraq. The Special Republican Guard was controlled by the Special Security Organization and tasked with protecting President Saddam Hussein, presidential sites, Baghdad, and responding to any rebellion, coup, or other threats to his power.

Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was the imperial guard of the Imperial Roman army that served various roles for the Roman emperor including being a bodyguard unit, counterintelligence, crowd control and gathering military intelligence.

During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guards were escorts for high-ranking political officials and were bodyguards for the senior officers of the Roman legions. In 27 BC, after Rome's transition from republic to empire, the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, designated the Praetorians as his personal security escort. For three centuries, the guards of the Roman emperor were also known for their palace intrigues, by whose influence upon imperial politics the Praetorians could overthrow an emperor and then proclaim his successor as the new caesar of Rome. In AD 312, Constantine the Great disbanded the cohortes praetoriae and destroyed their barracks at the Castra Praetoria.
Siege of Zoutleeuw
The siege of Zoutleeuw or the siege of Léau (29 August 1705 – 5 September 1705) was a siege of the War of the Spanish Succession. Allied troops with 16 artillery pieces under the command of the English Captain general the Duke of Marlborough, besieged and captured the small French-held Brabantine fortified town of Zoutleeuw in the Spanish Netherlands.

Zoutleeuw
Zoutleeuw (Dutch: [zʌutˈleːu] ⓘ; French: Léau [leo]) is a municipality and city in the Hageland, in the extreme east of the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. On 1 January 2018 the municipality had 8,498 inhabitants. The total area is 46.73 km2, giving a population density of 182 inhabitants per km2.

The name Leeuw means "lion", to which Zout ("salt") was added from the 16th century in recognition of the town's right to levy a salt tax.

In 1999, UNESCO included the historical St. Leonard's Church as part of the World Heritage Site Belfries of Belgium and France.
Morgan's Gate
Morgan's Gate is a locality in Mangalore city of Karnataka state in India. It is situated around 4 km southeast to Hampankatta. It is known for the Basel Mission tile factory, founded in 1865. It is close to Mangaladevi Temple in Bolar. Mangalore Club, Mphasis and St. Rita's Church are the other landmarks in the area.

Hampankatta
Hampankatta (also known as Happananakatte/Hampankatte/Hampananakatte/Hampanakatte and pronounced as 'Hampanakatte' in Tulu and Kannada) is the centre of Mangalore City, Karnataka. Most of the public utilities are located here. Hampanakkatte was named by the British in 1920. Its original name was 'Appanakatte'. The town was named after a person called Appanna Poojary who constructed a 'well' in the region around 1900.
Sint-Martens-Leerne
Sint-Martens-Leerne is a village in the Belgian province of East Flanders and is a submunicipality of Deinze. It was an independent municipality until the municipal reorganization of 1977. Sint-Martens-Leerne is located on the Lys river. It has a surface area of 378 ha. The eastern part belongs to the Leie valley and the western (largest) part to Zandig Vlaanderen. The village centre is fused with that of Sint-Maria-Leerne, in the sub-municipality of Bachte-Maria-Leerne. The two churches are only 600 metres apart. The village had 820 inhabitants in 1981.

The oldest mention of Sint-Martens-Leerne is from 1192 as Lederna and later in 1206 by Sancti Martini as Lederne. The  lordship belonged to the lords of Nevele. Other lordships at Sint-Martens-Leerne were those of Hansbeke, Dentergem and Gampelare. In the 14th-century, several important farms were already mentioned.

The history of the church goes back to 1206, and was then in the possession of the chapter of Tournai.

Deinze
Deinze (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛinzə] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. It comprises the city of Deinze, and the towns of Astene, Bachte-Maria-Leerne, Gottem, Grammene, Hansbeke, Landegem, Meigem, Merendree, Nevele, Petegem-aan-de-Leie, Poesele, Sint-Martens-Leerne, Vinkt, Vosselare, Wontergem, and Zeveren. On 1 January 2022, Deinze had a population of 44,315. The municipality's total area is 128.03 km2 (49 sq mi), giving a population density of 342 inhabitants per km2.

On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Nevele was merged into Deinze.
Tony Veland
Tony Veland (born March 11, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the Denver Broncos and the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers.

Veland was a member of the 1994 and 1995 Nebraska national championship teams.  The Broncos selected Veland in the sixth round of the 1996 NFL draft. Veland won a ring as a member of the Denver Broncos Super Bowl XXXII championship team in 1997 over the Green Bay Packers and ended his NFL playing career in 1998 with the Carolina Panthers. He would continue to play professional indoor football for the  Lincoln Lightning and the Omaha Beef. Veland went on to become the defensive coordinator of the Omaha Beef of United Indoor Football. He spent six seasons coaching the Beef.

He was shot on the night of June 13, 2011, as he sat in his vehicle and was admitted to Creighton University Medical Center.

Omaha Beef
The Omaha Beef are a professional indoor football team based in Omaha, Nebraska. The Beef plays their home games at Liberty First Credit Union Arena in nearby Ralston. The Beef competes in the National Arena League (NAL). The Beef has been a member of several leagues, including being a charter member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF).
Graham Neff
Graham Neff (born 1983) is the athletics director at Clemson University. He previously served as Clemson's deputy athletics director from 2014 to 2021 and associate athletic director of finance and facilities in 2013. Prior to that, Neff served in senior administrative roles specializing in finance, facilities and external operations at Middle Tennessee State University from 2011 to 2012.

Neff received his B.S. and M.B.A at Georgia Tech before embarking on his administrative career.

Dan Radakovich
Dan Radakovich (born June 9, 1958) is the athletic director of the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida.

Prior to his appointment at the University of Miami, Radakovich previously served as the athletic director at American University from 2000 to 2001, Georgia Tech from 2006 to 2012, and Clemson University from 2012 to 2021. The Clemson Tigers football program won a pair of national titles during his tenure. From 2001 to 2006, Radakovich was the senior associate director of athletics at LSU.
Vingeanne
The Vingeanne (French pronunciation: [vɛ̃ʒan]) is a river in France, a right tributary of the Saône, which in turn is a tributary of the Rhône.
It was the scene of an important battle during the Gallic Wars.
The river supplies water to the Canal entre Champagne et Bourgogne, a navigable waterway that connects the Marne and the Saône, and thus links Paris to the Mediterranean.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
2021 Davao Oriental earthquake
On August 12, 2021, at 01:46:12 PST, a strong Mw  7.1 earthquake struck the island of Mindanao at a depth of 55.1 kilometers (34.2 mi). It had a maximum perceived Intensity V on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale. No damage or injuries were reported but a young man was killed by the earthquake.

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS, Filipino: [ˈfivolks]; Filipino: Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya) is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development. It is one of the service agencies of the Department of Science and Technology.

PHIVOLCS monitors volcano, earthquake, and tsunami activity, and issues warnings as necessary. It is mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from such volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other related geotectonic phenomena.
Hamish McAlpine
Hamish Robert McAlpine (born 21 January 1948) is a Scottish retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for Dundee United for twenty years, between 1966 and 1986. Whilst with the club, he won the Scottish Football League title once and the Scottish League Cup twice. Among numerous cup runs in European football he played in the 1983–84 European Cup semi-final.

He ended his playing career with spells at Raith Rovers and Arbroath. McAlpine represented Scotland at under-21 international level and was named SFWA Footballer of the Year in 1985.

1980 Scottish League Cup final
The 1980 Scottish League Cup final was played on 6 December 1980, at Dens Park in Dundee and was the final of the 35th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was a Dundee derby contested by Dundee United and Dundee. Dundee United won the match 3–0 thanks to goals by Davie Dodds and Paul Sturrock (2). This was United's second senior trophy victory following success the previous season in the same tournament. Dundee's Billy Williamson was playing against his previous club.
Tylöskog
Tylöskog is a forested area in southeast Sweden, intersected by many faults, running from east to west between the agricultural plains of the counties of Närke and Östergötland.  Together with Tiveden to its west and Kolmården to its east, it constituted the border between the Swedes in Svealand and the Geats in Götaland. Beginning in the 11th century, iron was smelted there using water power.

Närke
Närke (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈnæ̌rːkɛ] ⓘ)  is a Swedish traditional province, or landskap, situated in Svealand in south central Sweden. It is bordered by Västmanland to the north, Södermanland to the east, Östergötland to the southeast, Västergötland to the southwest, and Värmland to the northwest. Närke has a surface area of 4,126 km² and a total population of 208,376.