hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tokudaia
Tokudaia is a genus of murine rodent native to Japan. Known as Ryūkyū spiny rats or spinous country-rats, population groups exist on several non-contiguous islands. Despite differences in name and appearance, they are the closest living relatives of the Eurasian field mouse (Apodemus). Of the three species, both T. osimensis and T. tokunoshimensis have lost their Y chromosome and SRY gene; the sex chromosomes of T. muenninki, on the other hand, are abnormally large.

Named species are:

Muennink's spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki

Ryukyu spiny rat, Tokudaia osimensis

Tokunoshima spiny rat, Tokudaia tokunoshimensis

At least Tokudaia osimensis may be a cryptic species complex.

Apodemus
Apodemus is a genus of murid (true mice and rats) containing the field mice as well as other well-known species like the wood mouse and the yellow-necked mouse. The name is unrelated to that of the Mus genus, instead being derived from the Greek ἀπό-δημος (literally away from home).
Intermediate Model for the Arch
Intermediate Model for the Arch is a 1975 painted steel sculpture by Alexander Calder, installed in a courtyard outside the Columbus Museum of Art in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The artwork measures 144 in. x 129 in. x 101 in. and was purchased by the Derby Fund. The abstract black sculpture is 11 feet (3.4 m) tall.

Alexander Calder
Alexander "Sandy" Calder (/ˈkɔːldər/; July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor known both for his innovative mobiles (kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents) that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static "stabiles", and his monumental public sculptures. Calder preferred not to analyze his work, saying, "Theories may be all very well for the artist himself, but they shouldn't be broadcast to other people." His father, Alexander Stirling Calder, and grandfather, Alexander Milne Calder, were also sculptors.
Northern Subject Rule
The Northern Subject Rule is a grammatical pattern that occurs in Northern English and Scots dialects. Present-tense verbs may take the verbal ‑s suffix, except when they are directly adjacent to one of the personal pronouns I, you, we, or they as their subject. As a result, they sing contrasts with the birds sings; they sing and dances; it's you that sings; I only sings. Various core areas for the rule have been proposed, including Yorkshire and southern Scotland.

The Northern Subject Rule is also present in Newfoundland English, although a 2011 study by Philip Comeau argues that it differs from the Northern Subject Rule of British dialects, because it is a marker of habitual aspect or verb stativity.

In several other dialects across England, occasional variations in agreement between subjects and verbs can be found.

Scottish Lowlands
The Lowlands (Scots: Lallans or Lawlands, pronounced [ˈlɑːlən(d)z, ˈlo̜ːl-]; Scottish Gaelic: a' Ghalldachd, lit. 'place of the foreigners', pronounced [ə ˈɣauɫ̪t̪əxk]) is a cultural and historical region of Scotland.

The region is characterised by its relatively flat or gently rolling terrain as opposed to the mountainous landscapes of the Scottish Highlands. This area includes cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow and is known for its fertile farmland, historic sites, and urban centres. It is the more populous and industrialised part of Scotland compared to the sparsely populated Highlands.

Culturally, the Lowlands and the Highlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands.
Paul McKenna (hurler)
Peter Paul McKenna (29 June 1903 – 28 August 1956) was an Irish hurler. At club he played with Shinrone and Borrisokane, and also lined out at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.

Offaly Junior A Hurling Championship
The Offaly Junior A Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by lower-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1907. The national media covers the competition.
Bradshaw's Guide
Bradshaw's was a series of railway timetables and travel guide books published by W.J. Adams and later Henry Blacklock, both of London. They are named after founder George Bradshaw, who produced his first timetable in October 1839. Although Bradshaw died in 1853, the range of titles bearing his name (and commonly referred to by that alone) continued to expand for the remainder of the 19th and early part of the 20th century, covering at various times Continental Europe, India, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of the Middle-East. They survived until May 1961, when the final monthly edition of the British guide was produced. The British and Continental guides were referred to extensively by presenter Michael Portillo in his multiple television series.

Guide book
A guide book or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying detail and historical and cultural information are often included. Different kinds of guide books exist, focusing on different aspects of travel, from adventure travel to relaxation, or aimed at travelers with different incomes, or focusing on sexual orientation or types of diet.

Travel guides or guide books can also take the form of travel websites.
Haven Moses
Haven Christopher Moses (born July 27, 1946) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 14 seasons in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) with the Buffalo Bills and Denver Broncos. He holds the Broncos franchise career record for yards per reception (18.0).

He played two years of college football for Los Angeles Harbor College, where he was a junior college second-team All-American. He played his final two college years with the San Diego State Aztecs, under coach Don Coryell, during which time the team was 21–1, and where Moses was named a Little All-American as a senior receiver.

Punt (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, a punt is a kick performed by dropping the ball from the hands and then kicking the ball before it hits the ground. The most common use of this tactic is to punt the ball downfield to the opposing team, usually on the final down, with the hope of maximizing the distance the opposing team must advance in order to score. The result of a typical punt, barring any penalties or extraordinary circumstances, is a first down for the receiving team. A punt is not to be confused with a drop kick, a kick after the ball hits the ground, now rare in both American and Canadian football.

The type of punt leads to different motion of the football. Alex Moffat invented the now-common spiral punt, as opposed to end-over-end.
P-matrix
In mathematics, a P-matrix is a complex square matrix with every principal minor  is positive. A closely related class is that of -matrices, which are the closure of the class of P-matrices, with every principal minor  0.

Minor (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, a minor of a matrix A is the determinant of some smaller square matrix generated from A by removing one or more of its rows and columns. Minors obtained by removing just one row and one column from square matrices (first minors) are useful for calculating matrix cofactors, which are useful for computing both the determinant and inverse of square matrices.  The requirement that the square matrix be smaller than the original matrix is often omitted in the definition.
String Quartet No. 8 (Beethoven)
The String Quartet No. 8 in E minor, Op. 59, No. 2, was written by Ludwig van Beethoven and published in 1808. This work is the second of three of his "Rasumovsky" cycle of string quartets, and is a product of his "middle" period.

E minor
E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp, on the F. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.

The E natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.
Plexus
In anatomy, a plexus (from the Latin term for 'braid') is a branching network of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or nerves. The nerves are typically axons outside the central nervous system.

The standard plural form in English is plexuses. Alternatively, the Latin plural plexūs may be used.

Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Administrative divisions of the Novgorod Republic
The administrative division of Novgorod Republic is not definitely known; the country was divided into several tysyachas (lit. thousands) and volosts. The city of Novgorod with its vicinity, as well as a few other towns, were not part of any of those. Pskov achieved an autonomy from Novgorod in the 13th century; its independence was confirmed by the Treaty of Bolotovo in 1348.

After the fall of the republic, Novgorod Land, as part of Muscovy, consisted of 5 pyatinas (literally "fifths") that were further divided into uyezds and pogosts. This division was replaced only in the beginning of 18th century when Peter I introduced guberniyas.

Pogost
A pogost  (Russian: погост, pl. погосты, pogosty) is a historical Russian term for an administrative-territorial unit. In modern Russian, it typically refers to a rural church and graveyard. It has also been borrowed into Latgalian (pogosts), Finnish (pogosta) and Latvian (pagasts), with specific meanings.
Marcílio Dias, Porto Alegre
Marcílio Dias is a neighbourhood (bairro) in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. It was created by Law 2022 from December 7, 1959, but had its limits modified by Law 6218 from October 17, 1988, which originated the Farrapos and Humaitá neighbourhoods.

It was named after Marcílio Dias (1838-1865), a sailor man and war hero during the Paraguayan War.

Territorially, Marcílio Dias is a narrow and long strip on the bank of Guaíba Lake, being bounded by the Centro Histórico (Historic Centre) and the Farrapos, Navegantes, São Geraldo and Floresta neighbourhoods.

The Port of Porto Alegre is located here, as well as the Guaíba Bridge and the Secretaria de Segurança Pública (Public Security Bureau).

In 2000, there were 598 people living in Marcílio Dias.

26°08′S 50°23′W﻿ / ﻿26.133°S 50.383°W﻿ / -26.133; -50.383

Floresta, Rio Grande do Sul
Floresta (meaning Forest in Portuguese) is a neighbourhood (bairro) in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was created by Law 2022 from December 7, 1959.

In the past, the area of Floresta was a hill covered with a dense vegetation, but it became urbanized and industrial as a result of logging and the arrival of companies. Nowadays, it is mainly residential and commercial. Floresta also hosts many nightclubs, therefore prostitution, violence and vandalism became major problems in the region.
David Rivers
David Lee Rivers (born January 20, 1965) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. A 5’11”(1.80 m ) tall point guard, he reached star status in the EuroLeague, mainly while playing with Olympiacos, under head coach Dušan Ivković. Rivers played 3 seasons in the NBA, one with the Los Angeles Lakers (1988–89) and two more with the Los Angeles Clippers (1989–90, 1991–92). He played college basketball for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.

Dušan Ivković
Dušan "Duda" Ivković (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан "Дуда" Ивковић; 29 October 1943 – 16 September 2021) was a Serbian professional basketball player and coach. He served as head coach of the senior Serbian national basketball team from 2007 to 2013, and of the senior Yugoslavian national basketball team, from 1987 (Serbia and Montenegro competed as the FR Yugoslavia national team following the breakup of Yugoslavia) to 1995. He was also the president of the Serbian club BKK Radnički.

In 2008, he was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017. He was also named a EuroLeague Basketball Legend in 2017.
Hotel Delfino siege
The siege at Hotel Delfino (Filipino: Pagkubkob sa Hotel Delfino, Ilocano: Sitio ti Hotel Delfino) in Tuguegarao, Cagayan in the Philippines, took place on March 4, 1990. A private army estimated at 300 men seized the hotel under the command of suspended Cagayan governor Rodolfo "Agi" Aguinaldo, a fierce critic of the administration of President Corazon Aquino and the Communist rebellion in the Philippines. The incident was an offshoot of the 1989 Philippine coup attempt that Aguinaldo publicly supported, which prompted his suspension and arrest. The standoff ended violently after several hours, leaving 14 people dead, including a general who tried to arrest him.

Secretary of the Interior and Local Government
The secretary of the interior and local government (Filipino: Kalihim ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal) is the member of the Cabinet in charge of the Department of the Interior and Local Government.

The seat of the secretary of the interior and local government is currently held by Jonvic Remulla since 2024.
Law enforcement in Indonesia
Law enforcement in Indonesia is mainly performed by the Indonesian National Police (POLRI), together with other law enforcement agencies which are under the president, a certain ministry or State-owned company (BUMN) which perform policing duties for a certain public service, these law enforcement agencies are under supervision and are trained by the Indonesian National Police. The Indonesian National Police is basically the national civilian police force of the country responsible for enforcing law and order of the state.

Parking enforcement officer
A parking enforcement officer (PEO), traffic warden (British English), parking inspector/parking officer (Australia and New Zealand) is a member of a traffic control agency, local government, or police force who issues tickets for parking violations. The term parking attendant is sometimes considered a synonym but sometimes used to refer to the different profession of parking lot attendant.

In the United States, even where parking meters are no longer used, the term "meter maid”, popularized by the Beatles song “Lovely Rita”, is often still used to refer to female PEOs.
Professorship of Mathematical Finance
The position of Professor of Mathematical Finance in the Mathematical Institute of the University of Oxford was established in 2002.
 It is one of the six Statutory professorships in  Mathematics at Oxford.
From 2005 to 2015, the position was designated as 'Nomura Chair of Mathematical Finance' and endowed by Nomura. 
The post is associated with a professorial fellowship at St. Hugh's College, Oxford.

St Hugh's College, Oxford
St Hugh's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. It is located on a 14.5-acre (5.9-hectare) site on St Margaret's Road, to the north of the city centre. It was founded in 1886 by Elizabeth Wordsworth as a women's college, and accepted its first male students in its centenary year in 1986. Prominent alumni include Theresa May, Aung San Suu Kyi, Amal Clooney and Heather Hallett, Baroness Hallett. It enjoys a reputation as one of the most attractive colleges because of its extensive gardens.

In its 125th anniversary year, the college became a registered charity under the name "The Principal and Fellows of St Hugh's College in the University of Oxford". As of July 2023, the college's financial endowment was £39.2 million. The college's Visitor is U.K. Supreme Court Justice Ingrid Simler, Lady Simler. In September 2025, former CEO of the Royal Society of Medicine Michele Acton became the college's Principal, succeeding Lady Elish Angiolini.
Raas cat
Raas, also known as the Busok(-Raas) or Madura, cat is an endemic breed of domestic cat native to the Madura and Raas Island in Indonesia. Its foundation stock derives from a naturally occurring local variety, that developed as a distinct landrace through long-term isolation of the island's cat population. It is not recognised as a cat breed in one of the major cat registries, though the breed is under development through selective breeding with pedigree registration as a formally standardised breed by local breeder clubs.

The Raas is medium-sized with a firm, muscular build and a naturally shortened tail, ranging from tailless (rumpy) to short bobtailed forms. The Raas comes in four colour variations – black, blue (Busok), chocolate (Amethyst), and lilac. It is considered rare, with a very small remaining population of genetically pure individuals maintained through limited breeding programmes within Indonesia.

Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island has an area of about 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2), but administratively Madura comprises an area of around 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) due to the inclusion of various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency. Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).
2004 UK Open
The 2004 Budweiser UK Open was the second time the Professional Darts Corporation held the tournament which had quickly earned the nickname the "FA Cup of Darts". It was held at Bolton Wanderers' Reebok Stadium between 4–6 June 2004. Budweiser became the tournament's new sponsor.

Roland Scholten won the title and the tournament featured Phil Taylor's second televised nine-dart finish during his fourth round win over Matt Chapman.

It was also notable for marking the TV debuts of Adrian Lewis and Andy Hamilton.

130 Players qualified via a ranking table played 8 events across the UK & Ireland.

UK Open
The Ladbrokes UK Open is a ranking major darts tournament held annually at the Butlins Minehead Resort by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) in England. The event is often referred to as the "FA Cup of darts" as it has an unseeded open draw made after each round, and entry is open to players at all levels of darts. One-hundred-and-sixty players compete in the multi-board event over eight-stages before the PDC’s Top 32 enter the tournament in the fourth round. The tournament has a prize fund of £600,000; the victor’s prize is £110,000.
Rhododendron siderophyllum
Rhododendron siderophyllum is a rhododendron species native to Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan, China, where it grows at altitudes of 1,800–3,000 m (5,900–9,800 ft). It is a shrub that grows to 1–4 m (3–13 ft) in height, with leaves that are elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) long by 1.2–3.5 cm (0.5–1.4 in) wide. Flowers range from white to pink to pale purple or red. It is placed in section Rhododendron.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Young–Fibonacci lattice
In mathematics, the Young–Fibonacci graph and Young–Fibonacci lattice, named after Alfred Young and Leonardo Fibonacci, are two closely related structures involving sequences of the digits 1 and 2. Any digit sequence of this type can be assigned a rank, the sum of its digits: for instance, the rank of 11212 is 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 7. As was already known in ancient India, the number of sequences with a given rank is a Fibonacci number. The Young–Fibonacci lattice is an infinite modular lattice having these digit sequences as its elements, compatible with this rank structure. The Young–Fibonacci graph is the graph of this lattice, and has a vertex for each digit sequence. As the graph of a modular lattice, it is a modular graph.

The Young–Fibonacci graph and the Young–Fibonacci lattice were both initially studied in two papers by Fomin (1988) and Stanley (1988). They are named after the closely related Young's lattice and after the Fibonacci number of their elements at any given rank.

Fibonacci
Leonardo Bonacci (c. 1170 – c. 1240–50), commonly known as Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

The name he is commonly called, Fibonacci, is first found in a modern source in a 1838 text by the Franco-Italian mathematician Guglielmo Libri and is short for filius Bonacci ('son of Bonacci'). However, even as early as 1506, Perizolo, a notary of the Holy Roman Empire, mentions him as "Lionardo Fibonacci".

Fibonacci popularized the Indo–Arabic numeral system in the Western world primarily through his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation)  and also introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used as an example in Liber Abaci.
Chromadorea
The Chromadorea are a class of the roundworm phylum, Nematoda. They contain a single subclass (Chromadoria) and several orders. With such a redundant arrangement, the Chromadoria are liable to be divided if the orders are found to form several clades, or abandoned if they are found to constitute a single radiation.

Formerly, they were treated as a subclass in the paraphyletic "Adenophorea" assemblage, which has been mostly abandoned by modern authors. It is also suspected that the Chromadorea may not be monophyletic as delimited here; at least the Monhysterida seem to be a distinct and far more ancient lineage than the rest.

Adenophorea
Adenophorea or Aphasmidia was a class of nematodes (roundworms). It has been by and large abandoned by modern taxonomy, because there is strong evidence for it being a motley paraphyletic group of unrelated lineages of roundworms.