hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saratoga Gap Open Space Preserve
Saratoga Gap Open Space Preserve is a 1,540-acre (620 ha) regional park located near Saratoga Gap in the Santa Cruz Mountains of Santa Clara County, California. The preserve is owned and operated by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. The preserve contains about 2 miles (3 km) of hiking trails, which are open to equestrians and bicycles.

Saratoga Gap (elevation 2,608 feet (795 m)) contains elements of the Bay Area Ridge Trail, a large and partially complete regional trail.

The preserve is forested with oak and evergreen trees.

Santa Cruz Mountains
The Santa Cruz Mountains (Mutsun Ohlone: Mak-sah-re-jah, "Sharp Ridged Mountain of the Eagle" or "People of the Eagle Mountain") are a mountain range in central and Northern California, United States, constituting a part of the Pacific Coast Ranges. They form a ridge down the San Francisco Peninsula, south of San Francisco. They separate the Pacific Ocean from the San Francisco Bay and the Santa Clara Valley, and continue south to the Central Coast, bordering Monterey Bay and ending at the Salinas Valley. The range passes through the counties of San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz, with the Pajaro River forming the southern boundary.
Amédée Gibaud
Amédée (Aimé) Gibaud (5 March 1885, in Rochefort-sur-Mer – 18 August 1957, in Rochefort-sur-Mer) was a French chess master.

He won the French Chess Championship four times (1928, 1930, 1935, 1940) and won the French correspondence championship three times (1929, 1931, 1932). He tied for fourth/fifth at Ramsgate 1929 (Premier A, William Gibson won).

Gibaud played for France in 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris 1924, and 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Xu Qian
Xu Qian or George Hsu (Chinese: 徐謙; June 15, 1871 – September 26, 1940) was a Chinese politician and jurist. He made important contribution to the judicial system of modern China.

Originated from She County of Anhui province and born in Nanchang of Jiangxi province, Xu Qian passed the highest level of Imperial Examination in 1903 and obtained Jinshi title. He was sent abroad to inspect European and American legal affairs, and participated in the judicial reforms of the late Qing Dynasty. Under the Republic of China, he served as the chief legal officer and director of the school committee of National Wuchang Sun Yat-Sen University (now Wuhan University). He was active in the politics of both the Beiyang government and the Nationalist government for many years. Xu Qian contributed a lot to the establishment and improvement of China's modern judicial system.

Wang Chonghui
Wang Chonghui (Chinese: 王寵惠; pinyin: Wáng Chǒnghuì; Wade–Giles: Wang Ch'ung-hui; 10 October 1881 – 15 March 1958) was a prominent Chinese jurist, diplomat and politician who served the Republic of China from its foundation in 1912 until his death in 1958. He was a close associate of the republic's founding father, Sun Yat-sen, an active member of the Kuomintang ("Chinese Nationalist Party"), and a judge on the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Hague.
Steven G. Smith
Steven Grayson Smith (born 3 August 1946), is a former United States Navy Rear Admiral. He ended his military career in January 2003 after 34 years.
Smith received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, two Defense Superior Service Medals, four awards of the Legion of Merit and two Bronze Star Medals with Combat "V".

Defense Distinguished Service Medal
The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Department of Defense, which is presented to United States Armed Forces service members for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to the national security or defense of the United States. The medal was created on July 9, 1970, by President Richard Nixon in Executive Order 11545. President Nixon awarded the first medal, on the day the Executive Order was signed, to General Earle Wheeler, who was retiring from the US Army after serving as Chief of Staff of the United States Army and then chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

It is equivalent to the United States Department of Homeland Security's Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal.
2019 in reptile paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2019.

Endocast
An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms.  Endocasts can be artificially made for examining the properties of a hollow, inaccessible space, or they may occur naturally through fossilization.
John Campbell (jazz pianist)
John Campbell (born July 7, 1955) is an American jazz pianist.

Campbell was born in Bloomington, Illinois. He studied piano privately as a youth, then attended University High School (Normal) (class of 1973). He briefly attended Illinois State University where he was known nearly as well for his vibes work as for his piano playing. In the 1970s, he moved to Chicago, then to New York City in the 1980s. He has worked with Buddy DeFranco, Terry Gibbs, Stan Getz, Eddie Harris, James Moody, Charles McPherson, Clark Terry, and Mel Tormé. Campbell has recorded as a soloist on John Campbell at Maybeck (Concord Jazz, 1993) and in various trios, such as After Hours (Contemporary, 1988) with bassist Todd Coolman and drummer Gerry Gibbs, and Workin' Out (Criss Cross Jazz, 2001) with bassist Jay Anderson and drummer Billy Drummond.

Eddie Harris
Eddie Harris (October 20, 1934 – November 5, 1996) was an American jazz musician, best known for playing tenor saxophone and for introducing the electrically amplified saxophone. He was also fluent on the electric piano and organ. His best-known compositions are "Freedom Jazz Dance", popularized by Miles Davis in 1966, and "Listen Here".
House of Lecubarri
The House of Lecubarri (Spanish: Casa de Lecubarri; Spanish pronunciation: [lekuˈβari]) was an ancient noble family, possibly a cadet branch of the House of Poitiers, through Bernard William I. The etymology of the name comes from the words lek(h)u (place) and barri (new), meaning "new place" in the Basque language of the north of Spain. The House has transmitted its status of nobility since time immemorial.

Duchy of Gascony
The Duchy of Gascony or Duchy of Vasconia was an ethnic Basque duchy located in present-day southwestern France and northeastern Spain, an area encompassing the modern region of Gascony. The Duchy of Gascony, then known as Vasconia, was originally a Frankish march formed to hold sway over the Basques. However, the duchy went through different periods, from its early years with its distinctively Basque element to the merger in personal union with the Duchy of Aquitaine to the later period as a dependency of the Plantagenet kings of England.

Gascony was under continuous English rule for approximately 300 years, from 1152 to 1453. Charles VII of France reconquered the territory as a final act of the Hundred Years' War and the northern part of the territory was annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1453. The corresponding portion within the Iberian Peninsula became the Kingdom of Navarre.
Blackish antbird
The blackish antbird (Cercomacroides nigrescens) is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname.

Jean Cabanis
Jean Louis Cabanis (8 March 1816 – 20 February 1906) was a German ornithologist. He worked at the bird collections of the Natural History Museum in Berlin becoming its first curator of birds in 1850. He founded the Journal für Ornithologie in 1853.
Structure of the Chilean Army
This is an order of battle of the Chilean Army.

Office of the Army Commander in Chief in Santiago, the Army's headquarters city where it is situated

Military Scenarios and Investigations Center

Office of the Army Secretary General

Office of the Army Auditor General

Army General Staff Office (Estado Mayor General del Ejército)

Finance Directorate

Logistics

Intelligence Directorate

Projects Department

Chilean Army
The Chilean Army (Spanish: Ejército de Chile) is the land arm of the Chilean Armed Forces. This 80,000-person army (9,200 of which are conscripts) is organized into six divisions, an army aviation brigade and a special operations brigade.

In recent years, and after several major re-equipment programs, the Chilean Army has become the most technologically advanced and professional army in Latin America.

The Chilean Army is mostly supplied with equipment from Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, the United States, Israel, France, and Spain.
Alpine, Texas
Alpine (/ˈælpaɪn/ AL-pyne) is a city in and the county seat of Brewster County, Texas, United States.  Its population was 6,035 at the 2020 census. The town has an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m), and the surrounding mountain peaks are over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. A university, hospital, library, and retail make Alpine the center of the sprawling 12,000 square miles (3,108,000 ha) but wide-open Big Bend area (combined population 12,500) including Brewster, Presidio, and Jeff Davis Counties.

Fort Stockton, Texas
Fort Stockton is a city in and the county seat of Pecos County, Texas, United States. It is located on Interstate 10, future Interstate 14, U.S. Highways 67, 285, and 385, and the Santa Fe Railroad, 329 mi (529 km) northwest of San Antonio and 240 mi (390 km) southeast of El Paso.  Its population was 8,466 at the 2020 census.
Nouvelle Star season 2
The second season of the French television series Nouvelle Star on M6 began on 11 February 2004. With season two, the new name was adopted after the programme was known in its inaugural season 1 broadcast from 27 March to 10 July 2003) as À la Recherche de la Nouvelle Star. On the final broadcast on 13 May 2004, the title was won by Steeve Estatof.

Two of the judges, André Manoukian and Dove Attia returned, but judges Varda Kakon and
Lionel Florence were replaced by Marianne James and Manu Katché. Benjamin Castaldi continued to host the show for a second season.

In the final, Steeve Estatof was declared winner by public vote, with Julien as runner-up.

À la Recherche de la Nouvelle Star
À la recherche de la nouvelle star  (Looking for the new Star) is a reality television show based on the popular British show Pop Idol. The show is a contest to determine the best young singer in La Francophonie. It was hosted by Benjamin Castaldi. The Belgian singer Jonatan Cerrada won over Thierry Amiel with 50.4% of the total votes, and went on to represent France at the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, with "À chaque pas".

After the first season the show was renamed Nouvelle Star.
History of Greece
The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation-state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically. The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages and as a result, the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes.

Aegean civilization
Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea. There are three distinct but communicating and interacting geographic regions covered by this term: Crete, the Cyclades and the Greek mainland. Crete is associated with the Minoan civilization from the Early Bronze Age. The Cycladic civilization converges with the mainland during the Early Helladic ("Minyan") period and with Crete in the Middle Minoan period. From c. 1450 BC (Late Helladic, Late Minoan), the Greek Mycenaean civilization spreads to Crete, probably by military conquest. The earlier Aegean farming populations of Neolithic Greece brought agriculture westward into Europe before 5000 BC.
Johann Nepomuk Schnabl
Johann Nepomuk Schnabl (5 October 1853 in Moosburg – 16 June 1899 in Munich) was a German schoolteacher and mycologist.

He worked as a schoolteacher in the communities of Zolling, Freising and Sendling (from 1877). In 1896 he was named head instructor at the "Höheren-Töchterschule" in Munich.

With mycologist Andreas Allescher, he edited the exsiccata Fungi Bavarici (no. 1 - no. 700). In 1892 he published Mykologische Beiträge zur Flora Bayerns (Mycological contribution to Bavarian flora").

He was the binomial authority of the fungi species Cryptomela allescheri, Curreya rehmii, Diplodia caraganae and Diplodia coluteae. Mycological taxa with the specific epithet of schnablianum commemorates his name; examples being Belonidium schnablianum (Rehm, 1896) and Fusarium schnablianum (Allesch., 1895).

Heinrich Rehm
Heinrich Simon Ludwig Friedrich Felix Rehm (20 October 1828, Ederheim – 1 April 1916, Munich)  was a German mycologist and lichenologist.
He studied at the Universities of Erlangen, Munich and Heidelberg, earning his medical doctorate in 1852. During his career, he was a practicing physician in Dietenhofen (from 1854), Sugenheim (from 1857), and Windsheim (from 1871). In 1875, he became regional medical examiner in Lohr am Main.

Starting with 1870 until his death Rehm distributed fungal specimens in the well-known exsiccata series, Ascomyceten. First alone, later with Ferdinand Christian Gustav Arnold as co-editor he issued the lichen exsiccata Cladoniae exsiccatae (1869-1895).
1974 Calder Cup playoffs
The 1974 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 3, 1974. The eight teams that qualified played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup.  The Calder Cup Final ended on May 8, 1974, with the Hershey Bears defeating the Providence Reds four games to one to win the Calder Cup for the fifth time in team history.

Richmond and Baltimore tied the AHL playoff record for highest scoring shutout in game 2 of their Southern division semifinal, which Richmond won 10-0.

1973–74 AHL season
The 1973–74 AHL season was the 38th season of the American Hockey League. The league renamed its divisions, and the "East" Division became the "North" Division, and the "West" Division became the "South" Division. Twelve teams played 76 games each in the schedule. The Rochester Americans finished first overall in the regular season. The Hershey Bears and won their fifth Calder Cup championship.

This was the final season for the Cleveland/Jacksonville Barons as well as for the Boston Braves.
Roland Dantes
Rolando Pintoy Dantes (June 15, 1940 – March 16, 2009) was an actor, champion bodybuilder and Filipino martial artist who trained with Remy Presas for over 30 years.

He was born on June 15, 1940, in the Philippines.

He has also trained with other martial arts masters, such as Cacoy Canete and Edgar Sulite.  He worked several years as a police officer before becoming an actor.

He is one of the best-known Philippine actors. He has had leading roles in different films including "The Pacific Connection" and "Arnis: The Sticks Of Death." In addition, Dantes was a bodybuilder who won the "Mr. Philippines" title five times between 1971–1980 and placed in competitions for the titles "Mr. Universe" and "Mr. World".

Grand Master Dantes died on March 16, 2009.  He was 68.

Remy Presas
Remy Amador Presas (December 19, 1936 – August 28, 2001) was the founder of Modern Arnis, a popular Filipino martial art. Born in the Philippines, he moved to the United States in 1974, where he taught martial arts via seminars and camps. In 1982, he was inducted into the Black Belt Hall of Fame as instructor of the Year. He published several books and videos on Modern Arnis and is recognised as the "Father of Modern Arnis".
Bembridge Lifeboat Station
Bembridge Lifeboat Station is located in the village of Bembridge on the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom. The station is located on the eastern approaches to The Solent, south of the area known as Spithead. The station is on one of the busiest shipping lanes in United Kingdom waters. The main boathouse stands away from the shore on a piled platform with slipway, and is linked to the shore by a pier gangway (see picture).

A lifeboat was first stationed at Bembridge in 1867 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

The station currently operates a Tamar-class All-weather lifeboat, 16-17 Alfred Albert Williams (ON 1297), on station since 2010, and a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat (ILB), Norman Harvey (D-778), on station since 2015. The ILB is kept in a boathouse on the shore, next to the pier gangway of the main boathouse.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Virtual column
In relational databases a virtual column is a table column whose value(s) is automatically computed using other columns values, or another deterministic expression. Virtual columns are defined of SQL:2003 as Generated Column, and are only implemented by some DBMSs, like MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite and Firebird (database server) (COMPUTED BY syntax).

Column (database)
In a relational database, a column is a set of data values of a particular type, one value for each row of a table. A column may contain text values, numbers, or even pointers to files in the operating system. Columns typically contain simple types, though some relational database systems allow columns to contain more complex data types, such as whole documents, images, or even video clips. A column can also be called an attribute.

Each row would provide a data value for each column and would then be understood as a single structured data value. For example, a database that represents company contact information might have the following columns: ID, Company Name, Address Line 1, Address Line 2, City, and Postal Code. More formally, a row is a tuple containing a specific value for each column, for example: (1234, 'Big Company Inc.', '123 East Example Street', '456 West Example Drive', 'Big City', 98765).
Dyffryn Gardens
Dyffryn Gardens, also spelt Duffryn Gardens (Welsh: Gerddi Dyffryn), is a collection of botanical gardens located near the villages of Dyffryn and St. Nicholas in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The gardens were selected by the British Tourist Authority as one of the Top 100 gardens in the UK and are in the care of the National Trust. They are designated at Grade I, the highest grade, on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales
The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales is a heritage register of significant historic parks and gardens in Wales. It is maintained by Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and was given statutory status in 2022.
Abrotonum
Abrotonum (Ancient Greek: Ἀβρότονον) Abrotonon, pronounced Avrotonon can refer to:

Abrotonon, 6th-century BC was a Thracian, the mother of Themistocles.   There is an epigram preserved Book VII of Anthologia Palatina (Epitaphs): "Αβρότονον Θρύϊσσα γυνή πέλον· αλλά τεκέσθαι τον μέγαν Έλλησιν φημί Θεμιστοκλέα" ("Avrotonon, Thracian woman she was, but she gave birth to the great Greek which we call Themistocles").

Abrotonon, the name of a hetaera. Plutarch refers to an Abrotonon from Thrace in his Erotikos (Ἐρωτικός). In the first dialogue of Dialogues of the Courtesans of Lucian the name of an hetaera named Abrotonon is also mentioned.

Abrotonum, a plant of this name is mentioned from Pliny the Elder in his work Natural History

Abrotonum, a Phoenician city on the coast of North Africa, in the district of Tripolitana, between the Syrtes, usually identified with Sabratha though Pliny makes them different places.

Hetaira
A hetaira (/hɪˈtaɪrə/; Ancient Greek: ἑταίρα, lit. 'female companion'; pl.. ἑταῖραι hetairai, /hɪˈtaɪraɪ/), Latinized as hetaera (/hɪˈtɪrə/ pl. hetaerae /hɪˈtɪriː/), was a type of highly educated female companion in ancient Greece who served as an artist, entertainer, and conversationalist. Historians have often classed them as courtesans, but the extent to which they were sex workers is a matter of dispute.

Custom excluded the wives and daughters of Athenian citizens from the symposium, but this prohibition did not extend to hetairai, who were often foreign-born and could be well-versed in arts, philosophy, and culture. Other female entertainers might appear in the otherwise male domain, but hetairai actively participated in conversations, including intellectual and literary discourse.
Doctor's Tower
The Doctor's Tower (Serbian: Докторова кула, Doktorova kula) is a tower in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia that is a historic former doctors residence and then psychiatric clinic. It is located at 103 Kneza Miloša street, in the municipality of Savski venac. The tower was built in 1824 by the Italian doctor Vito Romita, one of the first doctors in Serbia after the uprisings. In 1965, the tower was protected by law as an important cultural monument.

Doctor's Tower was the first psychiatric hospital in Serbia and the Balkans.

Tower
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.

Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building.