hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dawaro
Dawaro or Doaro (Harari: ደዋሮ Dawāro) was a Muslim principality which laid near Hadiya. The state was originally independent until becoming a vassal and later a province due its subjugation by Emperor Amda Seyon I in the early 14th century. The region was situated east of Hadiya and north of Bali which covered much of Ethiopia's Arsi Province. The capital of Dawaro was called Sabboch. The area became prone to a tug of war between Muslim and Christian states in the Middle Ages.

Dawit II
Dawit II (Ge'ez: ዳዊት; c. 1496 – 2 September 1540), better known by his birth name of Lebna Dengel, and also known by the macaronic name Wanag Segad, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1508 to 1540, whose political center and palace was in Shewa.

A male line descendant of the medieval Amhara kings, and thus a member of the House of Solomon, he was the son of Emperor Na'od and Empress Na'od Mogesa. The important victory over the Adal's Emir Mahfuz may have given Dawit the appellation "Wanag Segad," which is a combination of Geʽez and the Harari terms.
Venus Barbata
Venus Barbata ('Bearded Venus') was an epithet of the goddess Venus among the Romans. Macrobius also mentions a statue of Venus in Cyprus, representing the goddess with a beard, in female attire, but resembling in her whole figure that of a man (see also Aphroditus). The idea of Venus thus being a mixture of the male and female nature seems to belong to a very late period of antiquity.

The idea of Venus having a double-sexed nature has the same double meaning, in the mythological sense, that there is not only a Luna, but also a Lunus. The name Venus in itself, is masculine in its termination, and it was perceived that the goddess becomes the god and the god the goddess sometimes.

Venus (mythology)
Venus (/ˈviːnəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈwɛnʊs]) is a Roman goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.

The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality. As such, she is usually depicted nude.
Fateh Moudarres
Fateh al-Moudarres (Arabic: فاتح المدرس; 1922–1999) was a Syrian painter and one of the leaders of the modern art movement in Syria. Moudarres studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome, where he was influenced by Surrealism. After he completed his studies, he returned to Syria where he developed his skills under the auspices of long-time friend, mentor, and tutor Wahbi Al-Hariri.

Damascus University
Damascus University (Arabic: جامعة دمشق, romanized: Jāmiʾa Dimashq) is a public research university in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. It is the largest and oldest university in the country. It also operates satellite campuses in other Syrian cities.

It was founded in 1923 as the Syrian University (Arabic: الجامعة السورية, romanized: al-Jāmiʾa al-Sūriyya) through the merger of the Medical School (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). It adopted its current name after the founding of the University of Aleppo in 1958.

Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Arab World before the Syrian civil war started in 2011.

Damascus University consists of several faculties, higher institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which as of 2005 was the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.
Matthew 5:3
Matthew 5:3 is the third verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It is the opening verse of the Sermon on the Mount, and the section of the sermon known as the Beatitudes.

Matthew 5
Matthew 5 is the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It contains the first portion of the Sermon on the Mount, the other portions of which are contained in chapters 6 and 7. Portions are similar to the Sermon on the Plain in Luke 6, but much of the material is found only in Matthew. It is one of the most discussed and analyzed chapters of the New Testament.
Bleckmar
Bleckmar (German pronunciation: [ˈblɛkmaʁ]) is a village administered by the Lower Saxon town of Bergen in the northern part of Celle district on the Lüneburg Heath in North Germany. It lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Bergen on the B 3 federal road and has 464 inhabitants (2019). It is administratively responsible for the neighbouring hamlet of Dageförde.

Treppenspeicher
A Treppenspeicher (literally "staircase store") is the German term for a granary or secondary farm building used for storage and is typical of the Lüneburg Heath area in northern Germany. The upper storey of the store was usually accessed via a flight of steps on the outside of the building, usually at one of the gable ends, thus giving the building its name.
Cultural depictions of Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England, and Queen of England from 1533 until she was beheaded in 1536 for treason (consisting of alleged adultery, including alleged incest with her brother George), has inspired or been mentioned in many artistic and cultural works. The following lists cover various media, enduring works of high art, and recent representations in popular culture, film and fiction. The entries represent portrayals that a reader has a reasonable chance of encountering, rather than a complete catalogue.

Anne Boleyn, as the second wife of Henry VIII, was the mother of Elizabeth I. She has been called "the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had", as she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare the English church's independence from the Catholic Church.

Anne Boleyn (TV series)
Anne Boleyn is a British three-part psychological thriller television series developed for Channel 5 starring Jodie Turner-Smith in the title role. It was written by Eve Hedderwick Turner and directed by Lynsey Miller with historian Dan Jones as executive producer.
Bang Your Head!!!
Bang Your Head!!! was a heavy metal and hard rock festival held annually in Germany.

First held in 1996 as a one-day indoor event in the Stefan-Hartmann-Halle in Tübingen with a crowd of 600 people, Bang Your Head!!! has since moved to Balingen, growing into a multi-day event attracting 1,800 people in 1998, 18,000 people in 1999 and 20,000 in 2005. Acts that have performed at this festival include W.A.S.P., Dio, Motörhead, Deep Purple, and Twisted Sister.

The festival was discontinued in 2023.

Y&T
Y&T (originally known as Yesterday & Today) is an American hard rock/heavy metal band that formed in Oakland, California; the classic lineup that recorded the first album was cemented in 1974. The band released two studio albums on London Records as Yesterday & Today in the 1970s before shortening their name to Y&T, after which they released several albums on A&M Records beginning in 1981, and later on Geffen Records, Avex Records, and more. The band was originally co-managed by Herbie Herbert and Louis "Lou" Bramy. The band has sold over four million albums worldwide to date, output summarized as 18 albums, three greatest hits collections, and a boxed set.
Coherent information
Coherent information is an entropy measure used in quantum information theory.  It is a property of a quantum state ρ and a quantum channel ; intuitively, it attempts to describe how much of the quantum information in the state will remain after the state goes through the channel.  In this sense, it is intuitively similar to the mutual information of classical information theory. The coherent information is written .

Quantum channel
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information.  An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit.  An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet.

Terminologically, quantum channels are completely positive (CP) trace-preserving maps between spaces of operators.  In other words, a quantum channel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information.  (Some authors use the term "quantum operation" to include trace-decreasing maps while reserving "quantum channel" for strictly trace-preserving maps.)
Wyoming Highway 34
Wyoming Highway 34 (WYO 34), also known as Laramie-Wheatland Road, is a 52.38-mile (84.30 km) state highway in Albany and Platte counties in Wyoming, United States, that connects U.S. Routes 30 / 287 (US 30 / US 287) south-southeast of Bosler with Interstate 25 / U.S. Route 87 (I-25 / US 87) south of Wheatland.

U.S. Route 287 in Wyoming
U.S. Route 287 (US 287) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Port Arthur, Texas northwest to Choteau, Montana; broken into two segments by Yellowstone National Park where unnumbered park roads serve as a connector. In the state of Wyoming, it extends approximately 463 miles (745 km) from the Colorado state line near Tie Siding to the southern entrance of Yellowstone National Park.
Chris Kirk
Christopher Brandon Kirk (born May 8, 1985) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He won four tournaments on the PGA Tour between 2011 and 2015, again in 2023 after an almost eight-year drought, and again in 2024. He finished second in the 2014 FedEx Cup Playoffs and reached a career-high of 16 in the world rankings during 2015.

2015 Presidents Cup
The 2015 Presidents Cup was the 11th Presidents Cup, played at the Jack Nicklaus Golf Club Korea in Incheon, South Korea from 8–11 October. It was the first time the Presidents Cup was played in Asia.

The United States won for the sixth successive time with a 151⁄2–141⁄2 victory over the International team, tied with the 1996 Presidents Cup (161⁄2–151⁄2) for the narrowest margin of victory.
1992 Don't Drink Drive Sandown 500
The 1992 Don't Drink Drive Sandown 500 was an endurance motor race open to Group 3A Touring Cars (commonly known as Group A cars), 1993 Group 3A 5.0 Litre Touring Cars (later to become known as V8 Supercars) and Group 3E Series Production Cars. It was held at the Sandown International Motor Raceway, in Victoria, Australia, on 13 September 1992, over 136 laps of the 3.1 km circuit, a total distance of approximately 422 km. The race, which was the 27th Sandown 500, was won by Larry Perkins and Steve Harrington driving a Holden VL Commodore.

The race was intended to be run over 150 laps, but it was significantly delayed by several periods of slow running behind the pace car. With the Sandown circuit operating under an Environmental Protection Agency curfew of 5pm, the race was shortened to 136 laps.

Sandown Raceway
Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately 25 km (16 mi) south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being 899 and 910 m (983 and 995 yd) long respectively.
Double Ascension
Double Ascension is a public art installation by Herbert Bayer consisting of an abstract sculpture and fountain. Measuring 14.5-by-33-foot (4.4 by 10.1 m) long, with individual steps measuring 35 in (89 cm) by 11 ft (3.4 m) by 9 in (23 cm), the sculpture is fabricated in painted steel and mounted within a 60-foot (18 m) diameter pool. It is located in City National Plaza at 515 South Flower Street, Bunker Hill, Los Angeles, California, United States.

Bunker Hill, Los Angeles
Bunker Hill is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. It is part of Downtown Los Angeles.

Historically, Bunker Hill was a large hill that separated the Victorian-era Downtown from the western end of the city. The hill was tunneled through at Second Street in 1924, and at Third and Fourth Streets. In the late 20th century, the hill was lowered in elevation, and the entire area was redeveloped to supplant old frame and concrete buildings with modern high-rises and other structures for residences, commerce, entertainment, and education.
Tympanic plexus
The tympanic plexus is a nerve plexus within the tympanic cavity formed upon the promontory of tympanic cavity by the tympanic nerve (branch of the inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)), and the superior and inferior caroticotympanic nerves (post-ganglionic sympathetic branches of the internal carotid plexus).

The lesser petrosal nerve (which may be considered a continuation of the tympanic nerve) traverses the tympanic plexus.

Internal carotid plexus
The internal carotid plexus is a nerve plexus situated upon the lateral side of the internal carotid artery. It is composed of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres which have synapsed at (i.e. have their nerve cell bodies at) the superior cervical ganglion. The plexus gives rise to the deep petrosal nerve.
1932 Yugoslavian Senate election
Senate elections were held in Yugoslavia for the first time on 3 January 1932, following the election of the National Assembly in November 1931 after a new constitution was promulgated in September 1931. Half of the 92 members were elected, with the other half appointed by King Alexander.

1931 Yugoslavian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Yugoslavia on 8 November 1931. Voters were presented with a single list of candidates supporting the royal dictatorship of King Alexander. The list was headed by Prime Minister Petar Živković.
Succession to the Bahraini throne
Succession to the Bahrain throne is determined by agnatic primogeniture amongst the male descendants of  King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. However, the ruling King of Bahrain has the right to appoint any of his other sons as his successor according to article 1 of the Constitution of Bahrain.

Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (born 28 January 1950) has been the ruler of Bahrain since 1999. A member of the ruling Al Khalifa dynasty, he has reigned as King of Bahrain since 2002, having previously reigned as emir.
Acknowledgement (data networks)
In data networking, telecommunications, and computer buses, an acknowledgement (ACK) or acknowledgment is a signal that is passed between communicating processes, computers, or devices to signify acknowledgement, or receipt of message, as part of a communications protocol. Correspondingly a negative-acknowledgement (NAK or NACK) is a signal that is sent to reject a previously received message or to indicate some kind of error. Acknowledgments and negative acknowledgments inform a sender of the receiver's state so that it can adjust its own state accordingly.

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)
The 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers) was an infantry Regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 94th Regiment of Foot to form the Connaught Rangers in 1881.

Battle of Nivelle
The Battle of Nivelle (10 November 1813) took place in front of the river Nivelle near the end of the Peninsular War (1808–1814). After the Allied siege of San Sebastian, Wellington's 80,000 British, Portuguese and Spanish troops (20,000 of the Spaniards were untried in battle) were in hot pursuit of Marshal Soult who had 60,000 men to place in a 20-mile perimeter, (32.1 km) which presented strong defensive positions. The French troops were overextended and could not have reserves behind them. After the Light Division, the main British army was ordered to attack and the 3rd Division split Soult's army in two. By two o'clock, Soult was in retreat and the British in a strong offensive position. Soult had lost another battle on French soil and had lost 4,500 men to Wellington's 5,500.
Kelvin Tan
Kelvin Tan Wei Lian (陈伟联, born 5 October 1981) is a Singaporean Mandopop singer who earned a living as a busker before he won the first edition of Project SuperStar in 2005. He has released three albums, All I Want Is... (2006), i-Weilian (2007) and Moving Notes...Kelvin Tan (2009). He also had a solo concert at the Singapore Expo, lead a choir at the opening ceremony at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and singing Singapore's 2009 National Day Parade's theme song.

Street performance
Street performance or busking is the act of performing in public places for gratuities. In many countries, the rewards are generally in the form of money but other gratuities such as food, drink or gifts may be given. Street performance is practiced all over the world and dates back to antiquity. People engaging in this practice are called street performers or buskers, although busker is generally not used in American English.

Performances are anything that people find entertaining, including acrobatics, animal tricks, balloon twisting, caricatures, clowning, comedy, contortions, escapology, dance, singing, fire skills, flea circus, fortune-telling, juggling, magic, mime, living statue, musical performance, one man band, puppeteering, snake charming, storytelling or reciting poetry or prose, street art such as sketching and painting, street theatre, sword swallowing, ventriloquism, weightlifting and washboarding. Buskers may be solo performers or small groups.
Georgian Bay Islands National Park
Georgian Bay Islands National Park  (established 1929) consists of 63 small islands or parts of islands in Georgian Bay, near Port Severn, Ontario. The total park area is approximately 13.5 km2 (5.2 sq mi). Prior to the creation of Fathom Five National Marine Park, Flowerpot Island was also a part of the park.

The islands blend the exposed rocks and pines of the Canadian Shield with the hardwood forests found further south. The park can only be reached by boat and all of the islands are open to the public. Limited camping and docking facilities, trails and cabins are only available on the largest island, Beausoleil Island.

It is part of the Georgian Bay Littoral Biosphere Reserve.

Georgian Bay Littoral
The Georgian Bay Littoral (also called the Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Ontario, Canada.  The biosphere was the thirteenth in Canada, and covers the Thirty Thousand Islands area of eastern Georgian Bay, one of the world's largest fresh water archipelagos.
2024 Copa Grão-Pará
The 2024 Copa Grão-Pará was the first Copa Grão-Pará, a football state cup. Those eliminated in the quarter-finals and semi-finals of the Campeonato Paraense will take part.

Tuna Luso defeated São Francisco 2–1 to win their first title and a place in the first round of the 2025 Copa do Brasil.

Copa Grão-Pará
The Copa Grão-Pará is a state association football tournament organized by the Federação Paraense de Futebol. The tournament is made up of four teams eliminated in the quarter-finals of the Campeonato Paraense and two more from the semi-finals, making a total of six teams. The champion qualifies for the Copa do Brasil first round.
Satsukiyama Zoo
Satsukiyama Zoo (五月山動物園) is located at Satsukiyama Park, at the base of Mount Satsuki in Ikeda, Osaka, Japan. The zoo opened in April, 1957. The zoo is the municipal zoo of Ikeda.

The zoo is the second smallest zoo (3000 m2) in all zoos belonging to Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA).

Ikeda, Osaka
Ikeda (池田市, Ikeda-shi) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 103,064 in 49723 households and a population density of 4700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 22.14 square kilometres (8.55 sq mi). It is a suburban city of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Counties 2 Gloucestershire
Counties 2 Gloucestershire  (or Counties 2 Tribute Gloucester for sponsorship reasons; formerly known as Gloucester Premier) is an English rugby union league which sits at the eighth level of league rugby union in England with teams largely being based in the county of Gloucestershire and Bristol. Originally a single division called Gloucestershire/Somerset, in 2000 the division split into two county leagues called Gloucester Premier and Somerset Premier.  Following the Adult Competition Review the league was renamed Counties 2 Gloucestershire and split into North and South divisions.  For season 2025-26 the divisions were consolidated once more.

The league champions are promoted to Counties 1 Western North while the runner-up play the runner-up from Somerset Premier for the third promotion place. Relegated teams drop down into Counties 3 Gloucestershire North or Counties 3 Gloucestershire South depending on location.

Lydney RFC
Lydney Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Lydney, Gloucestershire. The club currently play in Regional 1 South West at the fifth tier of the English rugby union system following their promotion after the 2021–22 season.
Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
This is a select bibliography of post-World War II English-language books (including translations) and journal articles about Stalinism, Joseph Stalin, and the Stalinist era of Soviet history. Book entries have references to journal reviews about them when helpful and available. Additional bibliographies can be found in many of the book-length works listed below.

Stephen Kotkin's biography of Stalin has an extensive bibliography; Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928 contains a 52-page bibliography and Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941 contains a 50-page bibliography covering both the life of Stalin and Stalinism in the Soviet Union. See Further reading for several additional book and chapter length bibliographies.

Sheila Fitzpatrick
Sheila Mary Fitzpatrick (born 4 June 1941) is an Australian historian, whose main subjects are history of the Soviet Union and history of modern Russia, especially the Stalin era and the Great Purges, of which she proposes a "history from below", and is part of the "revisionist school" of Communist historiography. She has also critically reviewed the concept of totalitarianism and highlighted the differences between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in debates about comparison of Nazism and Stalinism.

Fitzpatrick is professor at the Australian Catholic University (Melbourne), honorary professor at the University of Sydney, and Distinguished Service Professor Emerita at the University of Chicago. Prior to this, she taught Soviet history at the University of Texas at Austin and was the Bernadotte Everly Schmitt Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago. She is considered a founder of the field of Soviet social history.