hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of ageing
Enquiry into the evolution of ageing, or aging, aims to explain why a detrimental process such as ageing would evolve, and why there is so much variability in the lifespans of organisms. The classical theories of evolution (mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma) suggest that environmental factors, such as predation, accidents, disease, and/or starvation, ensure that most organisms living in natural settings will not live until old age, and so there will be very little pressure to conserve genetic changes that increase longevity. Natural selection will instead strongly favor genes which ensure early maturation and rapid reproduction, and the selection for genetic traits which promote molecular and cellular self-maintenance will decline with age for most organisms.

Maximum life span
Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death. The term can also denote an estimate of the maximum amount of time that a member of a given species could survive between birth and death, provided circumstances that are optimal to that member's longevity.

Most living species have an upper limit on the number of times somatic cells not expressing telomerase can divide. This is called the Hayflick limit, although this number of cell divisions does not strictly control lifespan.
British Association of Canadian Studies
The British Association for Canadian Studies (BACS) is a membership-based academic association that is also a registered UK charity. BACS was founded in 1975 in order to promote Canadian studies in the United Kingdom. Along with the establishment of the Academic Relations Unit at the Canada House, it significantly helped the growth of Canadian Studies in the UK in the 1970s.  The organization has 400 members as of somewhere around 2016, and holds an annual conference attended by around 150 academics and postgraduate students each year. It also publishes a peer-reviewed journal called the British Journal of Canadian Studies. It contains seven specialist groups for academics, on aboriginal studies, economics, architecture, literature, law, and Quebec as well as a resources group. BACS is a member of the International Council for Canadian Studies (ICCS), of which it was a founding member in 1981.

Canada House
Canada House (French: Maison du Canada) is a Greek Revival building on Trafalgar Square in London. It has been a Grade II* Listed Building since 1970. It has served as the chancery of the High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom since 1925.
Austin 250hp gas turbine
The Austin 250hp gas turbine was a free-turbine turboshaft engine developed by Dr John Weaving at the Austin Motor Company. It was a development of an earlier engine that had been used in the experimental Austin Princess car TUR1.  Various uses for the engine were suggested, such as mobile power unit and hospital backup generator, but it did not find any commercial use. More powerful derivates were developed but these also found no uses.

Austin Motor Company
The Austin Motor Company Limited was a British manufacturer of motor vehicles, founded in 1905 by Herbert Austin in Longbridge. In 1952 it was merged with Morris Motors Limited in the new holding company British Motor Corporation (BMC) Limited, keeping its separate identity. The marque Austin was used until 1987 by BMC's successors British Leyland and Rover Group. The trademark is currently owned by the Chinese firm SAIC Motor, after being transferred from bankrupt subsidiary Nanjing Automotive which had acquired it with MG Rover Group in July 2005.
Das Mirakel
Das Mirakel is a black-and white silent German film made and released in 1912, directed by Mime Misu for the Berlin film production company Continental-Kunstfilm GmbH. It was based (without permission) on Karl Vollmoeller's 1911 play, The Miracle. The film was originally advertised as The Miracle in Britain and the US, but after copyright litigation in both countries it was shown as Sister Beatrix and Sister Beatrice respectively. In Germany it was known as Das Marienwunder: eine alte Legende.

The film stars Lore Giesen, Mime Misu, and Anton Ernst Rückert. The screenplay was by Mime Misu, and the cinematographer was Emil Schünemann, who was also behind the camera for Misu's film about the RMS Titanic disaster, In Nacht und Eis (Shipwrecked in Icebergs).

A. H. Woods
Albert Herman Woods (born Aladore Herman; January 3, 1870 – April 24, 1951) was an American theatrical producer. He produced over 140 plays on Broadway, including some of the most successful shows of the period, sometimes under the name of the production company Al Woods Ltd. Woods built the Eltinge Theatre on Broadway, named for one of his most successful and profitable stars, the female impersonator Julian Eltinge.
2021 Double-A South season
The 2021 Double-A South League was a Class AA baseball season played between May 4 and September 19. Eight teams played a 120-game schedule, with the top two teams in the league making the post-season.

The Mississippi Braves won the Southern League championship, defeating the Montgomery Biscuits in the playoffs.

Mississippi Braves
The Mississippi Braves, or M-Braves as they were referred to locally, were a Minor League Baseball team based in Pearl, Mississippi, a suburb of Jackson, from 2005 to 2024. They were the Double-A affiliate of the Atlanta Braves and competed in the Southern League. The M-Braves played their home games at Trustmark Park. After the 2024 season, the team relocated to Columbus, Georgia, to become the Columbus Clingstones.
When Night Falls on the Reeperbahn
When Night Falls on the Reeperbahn (German: Wenn es Nacht wird auf der Reeperbahn) is a 1967 West German crime film directed by Rolf Olsen and starring Erik Schumann, Fritz Wepper and Konrad Georg. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and on location around Hamburg. The role played by Konrad Georg was modelled on a similar one he played in the television series Kommissar Freytag.

The film was a commercial success and over the next few years Olsen directed several further Hamburg-set crime films, many of them starring Curd Jürgens.

Konrad Georg
Konrad Georg (1914–1987) was a German film, stage and television actor. A veteran performer he appeared in numerous films and television programmes in West Germany. Between 1963 and 1966 he played the title role in the television crime series Kommissar Freytag.
Di Rosa Center for Contemporary Art
di Rosa Center for Contemporary Art is a non-profit art center in Napa, California. di Rosa maintains a collection of approximately 1,600 works of art by Northern California artists including Robert Arneson, Bruce Conner, Jay DeFeo, Tony Labat, and William T. Wiley. The organization is in its 25th year as a public entity.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.
East Africa at the Cricket World Cup
The East Africa cricket team was a cricket team representing Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia. Their first game was against a South African, Non-European side in 1958, and they appeared in the 1975 World Cup. East Africa was an Associate Member of the ICC from 1966 to 1989, after which its place was taken by East and Central Africa.

East Africa cricket team
The East Africa cricket team was a multi-national cricket team representing the countries of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. Their first game was against Rhodesia in 1951. East Africa appeared in the 1975 World Cup and the 1979, 1982 and 1986 ICC Trophies. In the last two of these Kenya was represented in its own right, so that East Africa was effectively a Ugandan, Tanzanian and Zambian team.

East Africa was an associate member of the ICC from 1966 to 1989, after which its place was taken by East and Central Africa.
Mars Surveyor '98
Mars Surveyor '98 was a mission in NASA's Mars Exploration Program that launched the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander to the planet Mars. The mission was to study the Martian weather, climate, water and carbon dioxide (CO2) budget, to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to search for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes. The Mars Polar Lander also carried two surface-penetrator probes for the New Millennium Program's Deep Space 2 mission. Both spacecraft were launched in 1998 and both were lost.

Deep Space 2
Deep Space 2 was a NASA space probe, part of the New Millennium Program. It included two highly advanced miniature space probes that were sent to Mars aboard the Mars Polar Lander in January 1999. The probes were named "Scott" and "Amundsen", in honor of Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen, the first explorers to reach the Earth's South Pole. Intended to be the first spacecraft to penetrate below the surface of another planet, after entering the Mars atmosphere DS2 was to detach from the Mars Polar Lander mother ship and plummet to the surface using only an aeroshell impactor, with no parachute. The mission was declared a failure on March 13, 2000, after all attempts to reestablish communications following the descent went unanswered.

The Deep Space 2 development costs were US$28 million.
Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials
The Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (SALALM) is the oldest professional Area Studies library organization for academic librarians, archivists, book vendors, scholars, and students who specialize in Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Members are from at least 20 different countries. SALALM promotes better library services and purchasing power among individual members and member libraries. With the Secretariat based at New York University, it is an international non-profit professional organization with three official languages: English, Spanish, and Portuguese. SALALM is an affiliate of the American Library Association. As of May 2015, the organization had 242 personal and 84 institutional members including librarians, archivists, book dealers, vendors, and university libraries.

REFORMA
REFORMA: The National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking, more commonly known as REFORMA, is an affiliate of the American Library Association formed in 1971 to promote library services to Latinos and the Spanish-speaking. It is registered in Washington, D.C. as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
The Sophomore
The Sophomore is a 1929 American sound all-talking pre-Code comedy film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Eddie Quillan, Sally O'Neil, and Jeanette Loff. Made during the early sound era, it was shot using the RCA Photophone sound system. The film survives in an mute print of the alternate sound version known as an International Sound Version which was meant to be played along with Vitaphone discs. It is not known whether the Vitaphone type soundtrack discs to the International Sound Version are extant.

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.
Bhai Mani Singh
Bhai Mani Singh (7 April 1644 – 14 June 1738) was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr. He was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Khalsa in March 1699. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar to take charge of Harmandir Sahib, which had been without a custodian since 1696. He took control and steered the course of Sikh destiny at a critical stage in Sikh history. He was also a teacher of the Gianian Bunga (learning Institute), later becoming known as the "Amritsari Taksal", currently located in Sato Ki Gali.

He is remembered by Sikhs as one of their notable martyrs of the 18th century. The nature of his death in which he was dismembered joint by joint has become a part of the daily Sikh Ardas (prayer).

Battle of Nadaun
The Battle of Nadaun, alternatively known as the Hussaini Yudh, was fought at Nadaun, between Raja Bhim Chand of Bilaspur (Kahlur) and the Mughals under Alif Khan. Bhim Chand was supported by Guru Gobind Singh (the tenth Sikh Guru) and the Mughals were supported by other hill chieftains, notably Kirpal Chand from Kangra and Dayal Chand from Bijharwal. Bhim Chand and some hill chieftains, after the conclusion of the Battle of Bhangani, had refused to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor which led to the battle at Nadaun. The battle resulted in the victory of Bilaspur State and Sikh alliance.

Bichitra Natak, considered to be the autobiography of Guru Gobind Singh, is one of the major sources of information about the battle. However, its authorship is disputed by some scholars.
Joshua ben Hananiah
Joshua ben Hananiah (Hebrew: יהושע בן חנניה Yəhōšūaʿ ben Ḥănanyā; d. 131 CE), also known as Rabbi Yehoshua, was a leading tanna of the first half-century following the destruction of the Second Temple. He is the eighth-most-frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah.

Aggadah
Aggadah (Hebrew: אַגָּדָה, romanized: Aggāḏā, or הַגָּדָה Haggāḏā; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אֲגַדְתָּא, romanized: Aggāḏṯā; 'tales', 'legend', 'lore') is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash. In general, Aggadah is a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporates folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and practical advice in various spheres, from business to medicine. The predominant rabbinic holding is that Aggadah is meant to impart moral or theological truths through the form of allegory in order to be accessible, and it does not have to be taken literally.
Haleji Sharif
Haleji Sharif is a village in Pano Aqil taluka, Sukkur district in Sindh, Pakistan. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Sukkur City and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Pano Aqil, near Pano Aqil Cantonment, on National Highway N5.

Pano Akil
Pano Aqil (Urdu: پنّوعاقِل), is a tehsil of Sukkur District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is located approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the city of Sukkur.  It consists of 12 union councils According to 2023 Census of Pakistan, the population of Pano Akil was estimated to be 102,701.
Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty)
Ruzhin (or Rizhin) is the name of a Hasidic dynasty founded by Rabbi Yisroel Friedman (1796–1850) in the town of Ruzhyn, Ukraine, today an urban-type settlement in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine.

Friedman was the first and only Ruzhiner Rebbe. However, his sons and grandsons founded their own dynasties which are collectively known as the "House of Ruzhin". These dynasties, which follow many of the traditions of the Ruzhiner Rebbe, are Bohush, Boyan, Chortkov, Husiatyn, Sadigura, and Shtefanesht. The dynasties of Vizhnitz and Vasloi are related to the Ruzhiner Rebbe through his daughters.

Ruzhyn, Zhytomyr Oblast
Ruzhyn (Ukrainian: Ружин; Polish: Rużyn; Russian: Ружин translit. Ruzhyn; Yiddish: רוזשין, Rizhn) is a rural settlement in Berdychiv Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. Prior to the administrative reform of 2020, it served as the administrative centre of the former Ruzhyn Raion. Population: 4,209 (2022 estimate)
Hans-Adolf von Moltke
Hans-Adolf Helmuth Ludwig Erdmann Waldemar von Moltke (29 November 1884 – 22 March 1943) was a German landowner in Silesia who became a diplomat. He served as ambassador in Poland during the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. After the German invasion of Poland, he became Adolf Hitler's ambassador in Spain during the Second World War.

Federal Foreign Office
The Federal Foreign Office (German: Auswärtiges Amt, pronounced [ˈaʊsˌvɛʁtɪɡəs ˈʔamt] ⓘ; abbreviated AA) is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union. It is a cabinet-level ministry. Since May 2025, Johann Wadephul has served as Foreign Minister, succeeding Annalena Baerbock. The primary seat of the ministry is at the Werderscher Markt square in the Mitte district, the historic centre of Berlin.

The term Auswärtiges Amt was the name of the Foreign Office established in 1870 by the North German Confederation, which then became the German Empire's Foreign Office in 1871. It is still the name of the German foreign ministry today. From 1871 to 1919, the Foreign Office was led by a Foreign Secretary, and since 1919, it has been led by the Foreign Minister of Germany.
Botești
Botești is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Barticești, Botești, and Nisiporești. It included four other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Văleni Commune.

The commune is located in the eastern part of Neamț County, 23 km (14 mi) northwest of Roman and 45 km (28 mi) east of the county seat, Piatra Neamț, on the border with Iași County.

In 2002, the commune had a population of 4,700, of which 95.2% were ethnic Romanian and 4.7% Roma; 67.1% were Roman Catholic and 32.8% were Romanian Orthodox. At the 2011 census, the population had increased to 4,989, with 97.21% Romanians. At the 2021 census, Botești had a population of 3,890; of those, 90.33% were Romanians.

Roman, Romania
Roman (pronounced [ˈroman] ⓘ; German: Romanvarasch; Hungarian: Románvásárcode: hun promoted to code: hu ) is a city located in the central part of Western Moldavia, a traditional region of Romania. It is located 46 km (29 mi) east of Piatra Neamț, in Neamț County at the confluence of the rivers Siret and Moldova.

Its name was taken from Moldavian Voivode Roman I of Moldavia. From here prince Roman realized the centralization of Moldavia, the city of Roman being the capital of the Lower Country of Moldavia (Romanian: Țara de Jos).
1988 Caribbean Series
The thirtieth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was held from February 3 through February 8 of 1988 with the champion baseball teams of the Dominican Republic, Leones del Escogido; Mexico, Potros de Tijuana; Puerto Rico, Indios de Mayagüez, and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Quisqueya in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Leones del Escogido
The Escogido Baseball Club, better known by its commercial name as the Leones del Escogido, (English: Chosen One Lions or Lions of the Chosen or Picked Lions) is a professional baseball team in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Established in 1921, Leones are the third most successful team in the Dominican Professional Baseball League, behind Tigres del Licey and Aguilas Cibaeñas, having won 18 national championships and 5 Caribbean Series.
Amundsen Coast
Amundsen Coast is a portion of the coast to the south of the Ross Ice Shelf lying between Morris Peak, on the east side of Liv Glacier, and the west side of the Scott Glacier. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer who led his own expedition in 1910–12 to the Antarctic. Setting up a base at Framheim at the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf, he sledged southward across the shelf and discovered a route up the Axel Heiberg Glacier along this coast to reach the polar plateau. He was the first to reach the South Pole, doing so on December 14, 1911.

Duncan Mountains
The Duncan Mountains (85°2′S 166°0′W﻿ / ﻿85.033°S 166.000°W﻿ / -85.033; -166.000) are a group of rugged coastal foothills, about 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) long, extending from the mouth of Liv Glacier to the mouth of Strom Glacier at the head of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
Utah Phillips
Bruce Duncan "Utah" Phillips (May 15, 1935 – May 23, 2008) was an American labor organizer, folk singer, storyteller and poet. He described the struggles of labor unions and the power of direct action, self-identifying as an anarchist. He often promoted the Industrial Workers of the World in his music, actions, and words.

House of hospitality
Christianity portal

A house of hospitality or hospitality house, in the United States, is an organization to provide shelter, and often food and clothing, to those who need it.  Originally part of the Catholic Worker Movement, houses of hospitality have been run by other organizations, including organizations that are not Catholic or Christian.  Founded on principles of Christian anarchism, the houses provide hospitality without charge and without requiring religious practice or attendance at services. A variety known as a hospital hospitality house is for families displaced due to medical issues of a family member, and is often located near a medical center.
Colorado Predators
The Colorado Predators were an American soccer team, founded in 2007.

The indoor team was a member of the Premier Arena Soccer League (PASL), the development league for the Professional Arena Soccer League  (PASL-Pro), and played in the Rocky Mountain Conference against teams from Albuquerque NM, Rio Rancho NM, Colorado Springs CO, Windsor CO, Golden CO, and Fort Collins CO. In the Winter 2007/2008 season the Predators finished in 1st place in their conference. In the Summer 2008 season, the Predators again ended the season in 1st place in the Rocky Mountain Conference.

The Predators also had an outdoor team which, in 2008, was a provisional member of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.

They played their home matches at the Parker Fieldhouse in the city of Parker, Colorado. The indoor team's colors were red, black, white and gold.

Albuquerque Asylum
Albuquerque Asylum was an American soccer team based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. Founded in 2004, the team was a member of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The team is currently on hiatus from the NPSL due to a lack of teams in the Southwest Division.

The team plays its home games at the stadium on the campus of Menaul School. The team's colors are gold and navy blue and white.

The team has a sister organization, Albuquerque Lady Asylum, which plays in the Women's Premier Soccer League.
Aechmea tillandsioides
Aechmea tillandsioides  is a bromeliad widespread across southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, northern Brazil).  It is widely cultivated in other regions as an ornamental plant. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, Flora Brasiliensis, which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906.