hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scooby Apocalypse
Scooby Apocalypse is a monthly comic book series, published by DC Comics, which began in May 2016. It re-imagines the characters from the Scooby-Doo franchise, particularly the 1969 animated television series Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!, setting them in a post-apocalyptic world.

The comic was conceived by a DC Comics co-publisher and artist, Jim Lee, as part of a major reboot using Hanna-Barbera characters to create a new Hanna-Barbera comic-book universe. Lee worked on the first issue's cover and several more after that before interior artist Howard Porter took over.

The series ended in April 2019.

Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)
Fred Jones is a fictional cartoon character in the American animated series Scooby-Doo, leader of a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane companion, Scooby-Doo. Fred has been primarily voiced by Frank Welker since the character's inception in 1969.
Chen-Kao reaction
The Chen-Kao reaction (named after Ko Kuei Chen and Chung-Hsi Kao, Madison, Wisconsin 1926) is a chemical method for determining the presence of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and similar phenylalkylamines.
The reaction is used in spot tests and is also known as Chen-Kao test (or simply as Chen, Test T in UN Precursor Test Kit). 
The test is often used to distinguish ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, cathinone and methcathinone from amphetamine and methamphetamine,
which do not react with Chen’s test reagent.

Spot analysis
Spot analysis, spot test analysis, or a spot test is a chemical test, a simple and efficient technique where analytic assays are executed in only one, or a few drops, of a chemical solution, preferably in a great piece of filter paper, without using any sophisticated instrumentation. The development and popularization of the test is credited to Fritz Feigl.

Spot test or spot assay can also refer to a test often used in microbiology.
Roy Reed
Roy Reed (February 14, 1930 – December 10, 2017) was an American journalist. He wrote about the Civil Rights Movement for The New York Times. He was the author of several books, including Looking for Hogeye (1986); a biography of Governor Orval Faubus, Faubus: The Life and Times of an American Prodigal (1997); and Beware of Limbo Dancers: A Correspondent's Adventures with the New York Times (2012). He also edited Looking Back at the Arkansas Gazette: An Oral History (2009). After leaving The New York Times in 1979, he taught in the Journalism Department of the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, serving as chairman from 1981 to 1982. After his retirement, the Journalism Department established the Roy Reed Lecture Series in his honor. Reed died of a stroke on December 10, 2017.

Orval Faubus
Orval Eugene Faubus (/ˈfɔːbəs/ FAW-bəs; January 7, 1910 – December 14, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 36th governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967, as a member of the Democratic Party. He is best known for the 1957 Little Rock Crisis, when he refused to comply with a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education, and ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent black students from attending Little Rock Central High School. He was elected to six two-year terms as governor.
Gmina Łukta
Gmina Łukta is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Łukta, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Ostróda and 28 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 184.71 square kilometres (71.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,458.

Ostróda County
Ostróda County (Polish: powiat ostródzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostróda, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Morąg, 25 km (16 mi) north of Ostróda, Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) north of Ostróda, and Miłomłyn, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Ostróda.

The county covers an area of 1,764.89 square kilometres (681.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 105,286, out of which the population of Ostróda is 33,419, that of Morąg is 14,497, that of Miłakowo is 2,665, that of Miłomłyn is 2,305, and the rural population is 52,400.
Sound intensity
Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area, also called the sound power density and the sound energy flux density. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.

Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone.

Sound intensity level is a logarithmic expression of sound intensity relative to a reference intensity.

Neper
The neper (symbol: Np) is a logarithmic unit for ratios of measurements of physical field and power quantities, such as gain and loss of electronic signals. The unit's name derives from the name of John Napier, the inventor of logarithms. As is the case for the decibel and bel, the neper is a unit defined in the international standard ISO 80000. It is not part of the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use alongside the SI.
Nicolas Heurteloup
Nicolas Heurteloup was a French military physician and surgeon. He was born on 26 November 1750 in Tours (Indre-et-Loire ) and died in Paris on 27 March 1812. He succeeded Pierre-François Percy (1754–1825) as chief surgeon of the Grande Armée, and had himself as his successor Dominique-Jean Larrey (1766–1842). He was the father of physician Charles Louis Stanislas Heurteloup (1793–1864).

Dominique Jean Larrey
Dominique Jean, Baron Larrey (8 July 1766 – 25 July 1842) was a French surgeon and soldier best known for his service in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. An important innovator in battlefield medicine and triage, Larrey invented the flying ambulance and is sometimes considered the first modern military surgeon.
Saruhan, Kızıltepe
Saruhan (Kurdish: Sarûxan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 46 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Aspergillus thermomutatus
Aspergillus thermomutatus (also called Neosartorya pseudofischeri) is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Fumigati section. The species was first described in 1992. It has been reported to produce asperfuran, cytochalasin-like compounds, fiscalin-like compounds, pyripyropens, and gliotoxin.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Yıldıztabya
Yıldıztabya is a neighborhood in the Gaziosmanpaşa District of Istanbul, Turkey.

Its population is 24,901 (2019).

It is bordered on the north by the Eyüpsultan neighborhoods of Yeşilpınar and Karadolap, on the east by the Eyüpsultan neighborhoods of Esentepe and Sakarya, on the south by the Gaziosmanpaşa neighborhoods of Pazariçi and Karlıtepe, and on the west by the Gaziosmanpaşa neighborhoods of Yenidoğan and Sarıgöl.

Gaziosmanpaşa
Gaziosmanpaşa (Turkish: [ɡaːziosˈmanpaʃa]; old name: Taşlıtarla) is a developing working class municipality (belediye) and district of Istanbul, Turkey, on its European side. Its area is 12 km2, and its population is 495,998 (2022). Esenler and Bayrampaşa are west, Sultangazi is north and Eyüp is south and east of the district.
Kleven Group
Kleven Group is the parent company for Kleven shipyard and Myklebust shipyard, and is one of the largest companies in Ulsteinvik besides Rolls-Royce Marine and Ulstein Group. Kleven Group had about 450 employees in 2011.

The Kleven Group operates businesses within the construction, repair and remodeling of vessels in Ulsteinvik, at Gursken and at rented facilities on Rovde. The financial turnover was about 2500 MNOK (430 Mill USD) in 2011. The yard was acquired by Green Yard in 2020.

In 2012 Kleven was one of the main sponsors of Hødd.

Ulstein Group
Ulstein Group is a group of companies focusing on various marine-related industries, but is mainly known for its shipbuilding and ship design activities. The largest unit is Ulstein Verft AS. The company's head office and primary operations are located in the town of Ulsteinvik in Ulstein Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway, an important area for the Norwegian maritime cluster, and with subsidiaries in several other countries. The group also includes companies working with power & control systems, engineering, site follow-up and aftermarket services. The company has also been engaged in shipping.
Stella, Missouri
Stella is a village in southern Newton County, Missouri, United States. The population was 158 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village of Stella is located 17 miles southeast of Neosho.

Joplin, Missouri
Joplin is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city lies in Jasper County, with the southern portion extending into Newton County. With a population of 51,762 at the 2020 census, Joplin is the 12th most-populous city in the state. The city covers an area of 38.21 square miles (99.0 km2) on the outer edge of the Ozark Mountains in southwestern Missouri. Joplin is the principal city of the three-county Joplin metropolitan area, which is home to 210,077 people and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Missouri. In May 2011, a violent EF5 tornado killed more than 150 people and destroyed one-third of the city.
Classical Cebuano
Classical Cebuano, or Spanish-Era Cebuano, (Cebuano: Karaang Sinugboanon, Karaang Binisayâ, Binisayâ sa Katuigan sa Katsilà; Badlit: pre-virama: ᜃᜇᜀ ᜅ ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜐᜌ, post-virama: ᜃᜇᜀᜈ᜴ ᜅ ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜐᜌ) was a form of the Cebuano language spoken during the Spanish colonial era of the Philippines. It was the primary language spoken in Cebu, Bohol, and other parts of Visayas and Mindanao.

Waray language
Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ and Winaray/Waray, Spanish: idioma samareño meaning Samar language) is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon.
St Petka Macedonian Orthodox Church, Mill Park
St Petka Macedonian Orthodox Church (Macedonian: Македонска Православна Црква "Св. Петка", Makedonska Pravoslavna Crkva "Sv. Petka") is the Macedonian Orthodox church located in Mill Park, a suburb of northern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The church is an old bluestone building with a new Orthodox interior, alongside nearby community facilities. Built in 1861 as a Presbyterian Church, the building is one of a few early churches built in the Plenty Valley area and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. In the late 1990s, the church was transformed into a Macedonian Orthodox Church and joined the local Macedonian Orthodox Diocese.

Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand
The Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (Macedonian: Австралиско-Новозеландска Епархија) is one of 10 dioceses of the Macedonian Orthodox Church (MOC). There are some 27 MOC churches in Australia. Almost half are under the Macedonian Orthodox diocese headed by Metropolitan Petar.
Kalpak
The kalpak, qalpaq or calpack, is a Turkic high-crowned cap (usually made of felt or sheepskin) worn by Turks, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Bulgarians, Circassians, Dagestanis, Chechens, Ukrainians, Poles, Russians and throughout Central Asia and the Caucasus.

The kalpak is used to keep the head warm in winter and shade out the sun during summer. There are different kalpaks for different seasons, with kalpaks used in winter being thicker and the ones used in summer being thinner but broader for shading purposes.

Karakalpak language
Karakalpak (Qaraqalpaq tili) is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan. It is divided into two dialects, Northeastern Karakalpak and Southwestern Karakalpak. It developed alongside Nogai and neighbouring Kazakh languages, being markedly influenced by both. Typologically, Karakalpak belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages, thus being closely related to and highly mutually intelligible with Kazakh and Nogai.
Share of throat
Share of throat is a beverage industry term that refers to the proportion of the world's beverage consumption produced by a single company. The term was originally coined by Coca-Cola as "throat share", in order to measure how much of the world's beverages were theirs, but is now more commonly referred to as share of throat.

Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages encompass coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine, have been consumed for centuries.

In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the psychoactive substance ethanol, have been part of human culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks typically refer to beverages that are traditionally alcoholic—such as beer, wine, or cocktails—but are produced with a very low alcohol by volume content. This category includes beverages that have undergone processes to remove or significantly reduce alcohol, such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.
Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine
Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine (WMed) is a private medical school in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Established in 2012, WMed offers a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree program, an MD-MBA dual degree program, an MD-PhD dual degree program and a Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences. WMed is a collaboration between Western Michigan University (WMU) and Kalamazoo's two teaching hospitals, Beacon Kalamazoo (formerly Ascension Borgess) and Bronson Healthcare.

Despite being associated with Western Michigan University, a public institution, WMed is a private non-profit school operating under a separate corporate charter. WMed was granted full accreditation by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) in 2018. The school conducts research and maintains residency affiliations with several clinics and medical institutions. It has reported a residency match rate of 99% or higher in recent years.

Upjohn
The Upjohn Company was an American pharmaceutical manufacturing firm (est. 1886) in Hastings, Michigan, by Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school. The company was originally formed to make friable pills, specifically designed to crush easily, and thus be easier for patients to digest. Upjohn initially marketed the pills to doctors by sending them a wooden plank along with a rival’s pill and one of Upjohn’s, with instructions to try to hammer the pills into the plank.
Dragontales
Dragontales was a series of gamebooks written by Rhondi A. Vilott Salsitz as "Rhondi Vilott" and published by Signet in the 1980s. The books place the reader in the role of a young man or woman in various fantasy countries inhabited by a variety of extravagant creatures. The books were meant for readers somewhat older than those of most gamebooks, as romance is a common element, as are allusions to physical development in the books' heroines.

An interesting feature of the Dragontales series was that each odd-numbered book in the series had a white cover and featured a female protagonist, while each even-numbered book had a black cover and a male protagonist.

The first book was licensed and made into a visual novel video game by Hanako Games in early 2015.

Gamebook
A gamebook is a work of printed fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices. The narrative branches along various paths, typically through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages. Each narrative typically does not follow paragraphs in a linear or ordered fashion. Gamebooks are sometimes called choose your own adventure books or CYOA (after the influential Choose Your Own Adventure series originally published by US company Bantam Books) or pick-a-paths. Gamebooks influenced hypertext fiction.

Production of new gamebooks in the West decreased dramatically during the 1990s as choice-based stories have moved away from print-based media, although the format may be experiencing a resurgence on mobile and ebook platforms. Such digital gamebooks are considered interactive fiction or visual novels.
Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann
Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann FRSC (8 June 1945 – 17 June 2022) was a Polish-Canadian mathematician, a professor of mathematics at the University of Alberta, and the holder of the Canada Research Chair in Geometric Analysis.

Polish Canadians
Polish Canadians (Polish: Polonia w Kanadzie) are citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad. At the 2016 Census, there were 1,106,585 Canadians who claimed full or partial Polish heritage.
Gardener's Supply Company
Gardener's Supply Company is a privately owned company providing environmentally friendly gardening products and information through its website, catalogs, and retail stores.

The Gardener’s Supply Company headquarters in Burlington, Vermont, include administrative offices, a retail store and display gardens. Additional retail stores and display gardens are located in Williston, Vermont; Lebanon, New Hampshire; Greenland, New Hampshire; and Hadley, Massachusetts.

Gardener's Supply Company is no longer a  B Corp-certified.

On June 20, 2025, Gardener's Supply Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Delaware, listing assets between $1 million and $10 million and liabilities between $10 million and $50 million.

B Corporation (certification)
In business, a company that uses the “Certified B Corporation” trademark (also B Corporation  or B Corp) is a for-profit corporation certified for its social impact by B Lab, a private global non-profit organization. To be granted and to maintain certification, a company must receive a minimum score of 80 from an assessment of its social and environmental performance, integrate B Corp commitments to stakeholders into company governing documents, and pay an annual fee based on annual sales. Companies must re-certify every three years to retain B Corporation status.

As of March 2025, there are 9,576 certified B Corporations across 160 industries in 102 countries.
Tatami iwashi
Tatami iwashi (畳鰯/たたみいわし) or tatami shirasu (たたみしらす) is a Japanese processed food made by drying baby sardines or anchovies (called shirasu, 白子 / しらす) into rectangular sheets.

Tatami iwashi are served after first lightly toasting the sheet. It is a well-known snack (sake-no-sakana) eaten as an accompaniment to sake or beer drinking, as well as a local specialty of the coastal areas of Shizuoka Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture (Ōiso).

Anchovy
Anchovies are small, common forage fishes of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water.

More than 140 species are placed in 16 genera; they are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Anchovies are usually classified as oily fish.
Freedom Fighters and Rehabilitation Division
Freedom Fighters & Rehabilitation Division, a division of the Ministry of Home Affairs of India, manages the Swathantra Sainik Samman Pension Scheme - a national pension scheme introduced in 1972 for Freedom Fighters (Swatantrata Sainiks) and their dependents. The division also handles rehabilitation assistance for refugees and migrants from Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tibet. However, there was significant resistance to implementing the scheme. For example, it took 24 years of legal fighting for S. M. Shanmugam to finally receive his pension in August 2006.

Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (IAST: Gṛha Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India. It is mainly responsible for the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy. It is headed by the minister of home affairs.

The Ministry of Home Affairs is also the Cadre Controlling Authority for the Indian Police Service (IPS), DANIPS, DANICS and Central Secretariat Official Language Service (CSOLS).
Pulaski County, Arkansas
Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. With a population of 399,125 as of the 2020 United States census, it is the most populous county in Arkansas. The county is included in the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway metropolitan area. Its county seat is Little Rock, which is also Arkansas's capital and largest city.

Pulaski County is Arkansas's fifth county, formed on December 15, 1818, alongside Clark and Hempstead Counties. Pulaski County is named for Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, a Polish-born Continental Army officer who was killed in action at the Siege of Savannah during the Revolutionary War. The county was the site of the Battle of Bayou Fourche on September 10, 1863. The Union army took control the same day and occupied Pulaski County until the end of the Civil War. The county was home to Willow Springs Water Park, one of the oldest water parks in the nation, which opened in 1928 and closed in 2013.

Conway, Arkansas
Conway is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 64,134 at the 2020 census, making Conway the eighth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is located within Central Arkansas and serves as a regional hub for Faulkner County and surrounding areas. Conway is home to three post-secondary educational institutions, earning it the nickname "The City of Colleges".