hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Domitia
Domitia is the name of women from the gens Domitia of Ancient Rome. Women from the gens include:

Domitia (aunt of Messalina), aunt of Roman emperor Nero and empress Messalina

Domitia Lepida, mother of Roman empress Valeria Messalina

Domitia Longina (c. 54–128), wife of Roman Emperor Domitian

Domitia Decidiana (1st century), wife of Roman General Gnaeus Julius Agricola and mother-in-law to historian Tacitus

Domitia Calvilla or Domitia Lucilla Minor (died c. 158), mother of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius

Domitia Paulina (died c. 85), mother of Roman Emperor Hadrian

Aelia Domitia Paulina (75–130), sister of Roman Emperor Hadrian

Domitia Faustina, short-lived daughter of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Roman Empress Faustina the Younger

Saint Domitia, a saint of Orthodox Christianity

Domitia gens
The gens Domitia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  The first of the gens to achieve prominence was Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, consul in 332 BC.  His son, Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus Maximus, was consul in 283, and the first plebeian censor.  The family produced several distinguished generals, and towards the end of the Republic, the Domitii were looked upon as one of the most illustrious gentes.
Catalan Workers' Left
Catalan Workers' Left (in Catalan: Esquerra Catalana dels Treballadors) was a political party in Northern Catalonia, France. ECT was formed in 1972, with its main base in Perpignan.

ECT was linked to the Socialist Party of National Liberation (PSAN). In 1977 a group, linked to the Socialist Party of National Liberation - Provisional (PSAN-p), broke away from ECT and formed the Socialist Organisation of National Liberation (OSAN).

The newspaper of the organization was La Nova Falç.

ECT was dissolved in 1981, but many of its cadres continued to work in other political outfits, like Catalan Unity (UC).

Catalan Unity
Catalan Unity (Catalan: Unitat Catalana, IPA: [uniˈtat kətəˈlanə]) is a regionalist party based in southern France. It claims to represent the Catalan minority of what it calls "Northern Catalonia".

The party advocates for making "Northern Catalonia" into an autonomous region in France.
William Rosewell (Solicitor-General)
William Rosewell (c. 1520–1566) was the Solicitor-General to Queen Elizabeth between 1559 and 1566.

William Rosewell was born about 1520, the son of William Rosewell (Rowswell) (d. 1570) of Loxton, Somerset, England. He came to some prominence as Solicitor-General to Queen Elizabeth. He appears in the list of Queen's Counsel between 1558 and 1603 as W. Ruswell (or Mr. Russell) and was Solicitor-General from 1559 until his death in 1566. He was succeeded by Richard Onslow. He purchased a number of estates in Somerset and Devon.

Gilbert Gerard (judge)
Sir Gilbert Gerard (died 4 February 1593) was a prominent English lawyer, politician and landowner of the Tudor period. He was returned six times as a member of the English parliament for four different constituencies. He was Attorney-General for more than twenty years during the reign of Elizabeth I, as well as vice-chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and later served as Master of the Rolls. He acquired large estates, mainly in Lancashire and Staffordshire.
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria, also called Gertrude of Saxony (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197), was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI.

Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155. She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167. In 1171, she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund. The couple lived the first years in Skåne.

On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen. She did not have any children. During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband. Chronicler Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity.

Duchess of Swabia
The Duchess of Swabia was the wife of the Duke of Swabia, ruler of the Duchy of Swabia which existed from 915 to 1313 as part of the Kingdom of Germany. If the duke was unmarried there was no duchess. This is a list of holders of the title.
Richard Townsend (politician)
Richard Townsend (c. 1731 – 12 December 1783) was an Irish politician.

He was the oldest son of Richard Townsend, son of Bryan Townsend, and his second wife Elizabeth Beecher, daughter of Henry Beecher and granddaughter of Thomas Beecher. His younger brother was John Townsend. Townsend served as colonel of the Cork Militia and was appointed High Sheriff of County Cork in 1753. He entered the Irish House of Commons for County Cork in 1759 and represented the constituency until his death in 1783. In 1776, he was also elected for Dingle, however chose not to sit.

In October 1752, he married Elizabeth FitzGerald, daughter of John FitzGerald, 15th Knight of Kerry. They had a daughter and a son Richard Boyle Townsend.

High Sheriff of County Cork
The Sheriff (later High Sheriff) of County Cork was an official in County Cork from the county's creation in the early 13th century until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. Within each Irish county, the high sheriff was the primary judicial representative of the English (later British) monarch, who was Lord of Ireland, later King/Queen of Ireland, and finally monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1608, Cork city was made a county corporate separate from County Cork, after which separate sheriffs of Cork City were appointed by the city corporation.
Paxillus
Paxillus is a genus of mushrooms of which most are known to be poisonous or inedible. Species include Paxillus involutus and Paxillus vernalis. Two former species—Tapinella panuoides and Tapinella atrotomentosa—have now been transferred to the related genus Tapinella in the family Tapinellaceae.

Paxillus means small stake.

Paxillus vernalis
Paxillus vernalis is a basidiomycete fungus found in montane forests in northern North America. It closely resembles the poisonous Paxillus involutus, and is considered likely to also be poisonous. The fungus was described as new to science by Scottish mycologist Roy Watling in 1969.
Clytia gregaria
Clytia gregaria, sometimes referred to as the gregarious jellyfish, is a small species of hydrozoan in the family Campanulariidae.  It is one of the most abundant hydrozoans of the Pacific Northwest, particularly during late spring and summer.

Campanulariidae
Campanulariidae is a family of hydrozoans in the phylum Cnidaria, or stinging-celled animals. Campanulariidae is composed entirely of hydoids, a Greek term meaning "water animals" applied to the plant-like polyp colonies of the class Hydrozoa. All species of the Campanulariidae are aquatic in habitat, primarily inhabiting coastal regions and tidal pools.

Obelia contains probably the most well-known species of this phylum, and include four species. All are around 20–35 cm in height with a series of branches carrying the individual polyps. One species, Obelia longissima, is unique for its ability to produce obelin, a photoprotein which allows for bioluminescence.

The genus Laomedea includes such species as Laomedea angulata and Laomedea flexuosa, which are similar in appearance to the Obelia, though they are smaller and lack a medusa stage present in Obelia.
Du Pan syndrome
Du Pan syndrome, also known as fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic condition that affects bone growth, associated with alterations to the GDF5 (also known as CDMP1) gene. Unlike other rare genetic conditions, Du Pan syndrome does not affect brain function or the appearance of the head and trunk. The way that this condition is passed on from generation to generation varies, but it is most commonly inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning two copies of the same version of the gene are required to show this condition. Rare cases exist where the mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant, which means having only one version of the gene is enough to cause this condition.

Tibia
The tibia (/ˈtɪbiə/; pl.: tibiae /ˈtɪbii/ or tibias), also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply the shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.
Special Competitive Studies Project
The Special Competitive Studies Project (SCSP) is a non-partisan U.S. think tank and private foundation focused on technology and security. Founded by former Google CEO Eric Schmidt in October 2021, SCSP's stated mission is to "make recommendations to strengthen America’s long-term competitiveness as artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies are reshaping our national security, economy, and society." It seeks to ensure that "America is positioned and organized to win the techno-economic competition between now and 2030."

SCSP is also a subsidiary of The Eric & Wendy Schmidt Fund for Strategic Innovation, the Schmidt family's private foundation.

Australian Strategic Policy Institute
35°18′28″S 149°08′08″E﻿ / ﻿35.30790°S 149.13559°E﻿ / -35.30790; 149.13559

The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) is a defence and strategic policy think tank based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, founded by the Australian government, and funded by the Australian Department of Defence along with overseas governments, defence, and technology companies.
Numbers 31
Numbers 31 is the 31st chapter of the Book of Numbers, the fourth book of the Pentateuch (Torah), the central part of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), a sacred text in Judaism and Christianity. Scholars such as Israel Knohl and Dennis T. Olson name this chapter the War against the Midianites.

Set in the southern Transjordanian regions of Moab and Midian, it narrates the Israelites waging war against the Midianites, commanded by Phinehas and Moses. They killed the men, including their five kings and Balaam, burnt their settlements and took captive the women, children and livestock. Moses commanded the Israelites to kill the boys, and women who had sex with men, and spare the virgin girls for themselves. The spoils of war were then divided between Eleazar, the Levitical priesthood, soldiers and Yahweh.

Much scholarly and religious controversy exists surrounding the authorship, meaning and ethics of this chapter of Numbers. It is closely connected to Numbers 25.: 69

Lot (biblical person)
Lot (/lɒt/; Hebrew: לוֹט Lōṭ, lit. "veil" or "covering"; Greek: Λώτ Lṓt; Arabic: لُوط Lūṭ; Syriac: ܠܘܛ Lōṭ) was a notable figure mentioned in the biblical Book of Genesis, chapters 11–14 and 19 and other scriptures. Important events in his life recorded in Genesis include his journey with his uncle Abraham; his flight from the annihilation of Sodom and Gomorrah, during which his wife became a pillar of salt. He is regarded as the parental ancestor of Ammonites and Moabites, the enemies of Israelites.
Mackay of Scoury
The Mackays of Scoury were a minor noble Scottish family and a branch of the ancient Clan Mackay, a Highland Scottish clan. They were seated at Scourie Castle, in Scourie (modern spelling), in the parish of Eddrachillis, county of Sutherland. However, Scourie was part of the Mackay chief's province of "Strathnaver" until it was sold to the Earl of Sutherland in 1829.

Strathnaver
Strathnaver or Strath Naver (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Nabhair) is the fertile strath of the River Naver, a famous salmon river that flows from Loch Naver to the north coast of Scotland. The term has a broader use as the name of an ancient province also known as the Mackay Country (Scottish Gaelic: Dùthaich MhicAoidh), once controlled by the Clan Mackay and extending over most of northwest Sutherland.
2025 Napoli Tennis Cup
The 2025 Napoli Tennis Cup was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament, and part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Tennis Club Napoli in Naples, Italy from 24 to 30 March 2025.

Napoli Tennis Cup
The Napoli Tennis Cup (formerly the Tennis Napoli Cup and Capri Watch Cup) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Tennis Club Napoli in Naples, Italy, since 1995. The event was given a single-year ATP 250 license in 2022 due to the cancellation of tournaments in China because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Nuffield Organization
Nuffield Organization was the unincorporated umbrella-name or promotional name used for the charitable and commercial interests of owner and donor, William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield. The name was assumed following Nuffield's gift made to form his Nuffield Foundation in 1943, it linked his business interests to his existing very generous philanthropy. The same enterprises had previously been referred to as the Morris Organizations and at first described itself as The Nuffield Organization, A Cornerstone of Britain's Industrial Structure.

Wolseley 4/50
The Wolseley 4/50 and similar 6/80 were Wolseley Motors' first post-war automobiles. They were put into production in 1948 and were based on the Morris Oxford MO and the Morris Six MS respectively. The 4-cylinder 4/50 used a 1476 cc 50 hp (37 kW; 51 PS) version of the 6/80 engine, while the 6/80 used a 2215 cc 72 hp (54 kW; 73 PS) straight-6 single overhead cam.

The cars featured a round Morris rear end and upright Wolseley grille and were used extensively by the police at the time – the 6/80 particularly.

These models were built at Morris's Cowley factory alongside the Oxford. They were replaced in 1953 and 1954 by the Wolseley 4/44 and 6/90.
Imagix 4D
Imagix 4D is a source code analysis tool from Imagix Corporation, used primarily for understanding, documenting, and evolving existing C, C++ and Java software.

Applied technologies include full semantic source analysis. Software visualization supports program comprehension. Static data flow analysis-based verifications detect problems in variable usage, task interactions and concurrency.  Software metrics measure design quality and identify potential testing and maintenance issues.

Software metric
In software engineering and development, a software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process possesses some property. Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of metrics), often the two terms are used as synonyms. Since quantitative measurements are essential in all sciences, there is a continuous effort by computer science practitioners and theoreticians to bring similar approaches to software development. The goal is obtaining objective, reproducible and quantifiable measurements, which may have numerous valuable applications in schedule and budget planning, cost estimation, quality assurance, testing, software debugging, software performance optimization, and optimal personnel task assignments.
Texandri
The Texandri (also Texuandri; later Toxandri, Toxiandri, Taxandri) were a Germanic people living between the Scheldt and Rhine rivers in the 1st century AD. They are associated with a region mentioned in the late 4th century as Texandria (also Toxiandria; later Toxandria, Taxandria), a name which survived into the 8th–12th centuries.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
Joel F. Lubar
Joel F. Lubar (November 16, 1938 – February 9, 2024) was an American psychologist and neuroscientist who worked on the development of biofeedback and its application in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lubar served as a professor at the University of Tennessee, where his scientific work encompassed the fields of neuroscience, applied psychophysiology, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG).

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Rydal Beck
Rydal Beck is a stream in Westmorland and Furness which runs into the River Rothay near the village of Rydal.  It is noted for its scenic waterfalls, celebrated in verse by William Wordsworth and depicted by John Constable, Joseph Wright of Derby and others.  The largely 17th-century Rydal Hall stands alongside it.

Robert Southey
Robert Southey (/ˈsaʊði, ˈsʌði/; 12 August 1774 – 21 March 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and Poet Laureate from 1813 until his death. Like the other Lake Poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey began as a radical but became steadily more conservative as he gained respect for Britain and its institutions. Other romantics such as Byron accused him of siding with the establishment for money and status. He is remembered especially for the poem "After Blenheim" and the original version of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears".
Hall Hibbard
Hall Livingstone Hibbard (July 26, 1903 – June 6, 1996) was an engineer and administrator of the Lockheed Corporation beginning with the company's purchase by a board of investors led by Robert E. Gross in 1932. Born in Kansas, he received a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics at the College of Emporia in 1925. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology two years later. He worked for Stearman as a draftsman, before joining Robert Gross' Viking Flying Boat Company. He served on the board of the newly revived Lockheed Corporation and led the design departments as chief engineer. Engineers such as Clarence "Kelly" Johnson and Willis Hawkins worked under him.

He died in 1996 in Los Angeles at the age of 92.

Robert E. Gross (businessman)
Robert Ellsworth Gross (May 11, 1897 – September 3, 1961) was an American businessman involved in the field of aviation. His first venture, the Viking Flying Boat Company, failed with the loss of the aircraft market brought on by the Great Depression. He was also credited with naming Bell Aircraft’s P-39 as the “AiraCobra”.
National Postsecondary Student Aid Study
The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) is a study conducted every four years by the National Center for Education Statistics, a division of the Institute of Education Sciences in the U.S. Department of Education. This study captures data regarding how students pay for postsecondary education, with special attention to how families fund higher education. The NPSAS, which has been conducted periodically since 1987, has a complex design, utilizing sampling and weighting to achieve a sample that represents college students nationwide.

Institute of Education Sciences
The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) is the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education. IES' stated mission is to provide scientific evidence on which to ground education practice and policy and to share this information in formats that are useful and accessible to educators, parents, policymakers, researchers, and the public. It was created as part of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002.

The first director of IES was Grover Whitehurst, who was appointed in November 2002 and served for six years. As of March 2024, Matthew Soldner is the acting Director of IES.
Stericantitruncated tesseractic honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the stericantitruncated tesseractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. It is composed of runcitruncated 16-cell, cantitruncated tesseract, rhombicuboctahedral prism, truncated cuboctahedral prism, and 4-8 duoprism facets, arranged around an irregular 5-cell vertex figure.

Honeycomb (geometry)
In geometry, a honeycomb is a space filling or close packing of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions. Its dimension can be clarified as n-honeycomb for a honeycomb of n-dimensional space.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.
Canutama
Canutama is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, considered third largest city of the Purus Medium after Lábrea and Tapauá.

Its population was 15,807 (2020) and its area is 29,820 km2.

Tapauá
Tapauá is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 17,015 (2020) and its area is 89,324 km2, making it the third largest municipality in Amazonas and the fifth largest in Brazil, comparable to  South Carolina or Jordan.
Sigmoilopsis
Sigmoilinopsis is a genus of miliolid Foraminifera, with an ovate test, chambers one-half coil in length, arranged in rapidly changing planes in the early stage resulting in two spiralling series that appear sigmoid in section, gradually becoming planispiral in the adult.  Walls are thick, porcelaneous but enclosing a large quantity of agglutinated quartz particles, sponge spicules, and shell fragments; the aperture terminal, rounded, with a small tooth.

Sigmoilinopsis is grossly similar to Sigmoilina but with less enveloping chambers allowing earlier ones to be externally visible, and in incorporating agglutinated material.

Sigmoilinopsis is included in the Hauerinidae (Loeblich & Tappan 1988). Previously it was assigned to the  Miliolidae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964) and included in the subfamily Quinqueloculininae.

Hauerinidae
Hauerinidae is a large and diverse family of miliolid forams (Loeblich & Tappan, 1988) that includes genera distributed among various subfamilies in the Treatise (Loelich &Tappan 1964) as well as genera named and described since.