hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steppe Governorate-General
The Steppe Governorate-General (Russian: Степное генерал-губернаторство, romanized: Stepnoye general-gubernatorstvo), also known as the Steppe Krai was a  Governorate-General  of the Russian Empire located in the colonized territory the Kazakh Steppe and Western Siberia, covering the modern Kazakhstan, as well as parts of Kyrgyzstan  and Russia.  It consisted of four or five oblasts: Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Turgay, and Ural oblasts, and from 1882 to 1899 Semirechye Oblast, having the total area of 2,240,000 square kilometres (860,000 mi2) and the total population of 3,454,000 (both including Semirechensk) in 1897. Omsk was the capital.

Akmolinsk Oblast (Russian Empire)
Akmolinsk Oblast (Russian: Акмо́линская область) was an Oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day northern Kazakhstan and the southern part of Omsk Oblast in Russia. It was formerly part of Kazakh khanate. It was created after the division of the Oblast of Siberian Kirghiz into the Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk Oblasts on 21 October 1868. Its center was Omsk and consisted of uezds of Akmolinsk, Atbasar, Kokchetav, Omsk and Petropavlovsk. It bordered Tobolsk Governorate to the north, Semipalatinsk Oblast to the east, Syr-Darya Oblast to the south, Turgay Oblast to the southwest and Orenburg Governorate to the northwest.
Antonio Adán
Antonio Adán Garrido (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo aˈðan]; born 13 May 1987) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Persian Gulf Pro League club Esteghlal.

A youth product of Real Madrid, where he acted mainly as a backup, he spent most of his career with Betis. He totalled 129 La Liga matches for those two clubs, as well as Atlético Madrid for whom he signed in 2018. Abroad, he featured for Cagliari in Serie A, and won two Primeira Liga titles with Sporting CP.

All youth levels comprised, Adán won 39 caps for Spain.

2010–11 Copa del Rey
The 2010–11 Copa del Rey was the 109th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The competition began on 21 August 2010 and ended on 20 April 2011 with the final, held at the Estadio Mestalla in Valencia, in which Real Madrid lifted the trophy for the eighteenth time in their history with a 1–0 victory over Barcelona in extra time. Sevilla were the defending champions, but they were defeated by Real Madrid in the semi-finals.
Cairo International Stadium
The Cairo International Stadium (Egyptian Arabic: ستاد القاهرة الدولي), formerly known as Nasser Stadium, is an Olympic-standard, multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 75,000. The architect of the stadium is the German Werner March, who designed the Olympic Stadium in Berlin from 1934 to 1936. The engineering and construction supervision of the stadium was performed by ACE Moharram Bakhoum. It is the 69th largest stadium in the world and the 3rd largest stadium in Egypt.

Located in Nasr City; a suburb north east of Cairo, it was completed in 1960, and was inaugurated by President Gamal Abd El Nasser on 23 July that year which coincided with the eighth anniversary of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952

2006 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2006 Africa Cup of Nations was the 25th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa. It was hosted by Egypt, from 20 January to 10 February. Just like in 2004, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fifth championship, beating Ivory Coast in the final 4–2 in a penalty shootout after the regulation time had ended in a goalless draw.
JEUS
JEUS (an abbreviation of Java Enterprise User Solution) is a Korean Web application server which is developed by TmaxSoft. JEUS provides the web application server component of TmaxSoft's middleware-tier framework solution. It has been widely adopted in Korea where it holds the largest (42.1%) share of the market.

TmaxSoft released JEUS 1.0 in 2000. In 2001, it received J2EE 1.2 certification for JEUS 3.0., In 2013, it received the world’s first Java EE 7 certification for JEUS 8.

Load balancing (computing)
In computing, load balancing is the process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources (computing units) with the aim of making their overall processing more efficient. Load balancing can optimize response time and avoid unevenly overloading some compute nodes while other compute nodes are left idle.

Load balancing is the subject of research in the field of parallel computers. Two main approaches exist: static algorithms, which do not take into account the state of the different machines, and dynamic algorithms, which are usually more general and more efficient but require exchanges of information between the different computing units, at the risk of a loss of efficiency.
Peterson/Ridge station
Peterson/Ridge station is a railroad station on the North Side of Chicago serving Metra's Union Pacific North Line. It is at the intersection of West Peterson Avenue and North Ravenswood Avenue in Chicago's Edgewater community area. A groundbreaking ceremony for construction was held on November 1, 2021. Construction concluded and the station opened on May 20, 2024.

As of September 20, 2025, Peterson/Ridge is served by all 71 trains (35 inbound, 36 outbound) on weekdays, and by all 30 trains (15 in each direction) on weekends and holidays. During the summer concert season, an extra outbound train to Ravinia Park station serves Peterson/Ridge station on weekends.

Chicago Transit Authority bus services
Chicago Transit Authority bus services are provided throughout Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding suburbs, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). As of January 2025, the CTA has 1,966 buses that operate 127 routes. In 2024, the CTA bus system had a ridership of 181,733,800, or about 594,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The United States of America (USA), represented by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, from August 5 to 21, 2016. U.S. athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, which they boycotted in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. For the second consecutive time in the Summer Olympics, the United States was represented by more female than male athletes (264 men and 291 women).

The 2016 Olympics were the third most successful for the United States in terms of overall medal count (121) and the most successful not held in the United States: U.S. athletes won 231 total medals at St. Louis in 1904 and 174 at Los Angeles in 1984. These Games also witnessed the thousandth Summer Olympic gold medal for the Americans.

United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics
The United States was the host nation of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. It was the nineteenth time that Team USA participated, having boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics four years earlier. 522 competitors, 339 men and 183 women, took part in 217 events in 25 sports.

These Olympic Games were unique for the United States in that the host state was California, the home state of the country's president, Ronald Reagan, who himself opened the Games, becoming the first American president to open a Summer Olympics, and also any Olympic games in the United States. Reagan was governor of the state from 1967 to 1975. It was not until the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City that an American president opened a Winter Olympics in the United States.

The United States topped the medal count for the first time since 1968, winning a record 83 gold medals and surpassing the Soviet Union's total of 80 golds at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Paykan F.C.
Paykan Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال فرهنگی ورزشی پيکان, Bâšgâh-e Futbâl-e Peykân) is a football team based in Tehran, Iran. The team is sponsored by Iran's main automobile manufacturer Iran Khodro and is named after one of its older products; the Paykan car. Paykan F.C. is the football club of the multisport Paykan Sport Club which also includes basketball and volleyball teams.

Persian Gulf Pro League
The Persian Gulf Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر ایران, Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professional association football league in Iran and the highest level of the Iranian football league system. It is controlled by the FFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.

Each year, its top team becomes the Iranian football champion, and the two lowest finishers are relegated to the Azadegan League.

Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with the Hazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
Olive Senior
Olive Marjorie Senior (born 23 December 1941) is a Jamaican poet, novelist, short story and non-fiction writer based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was awarded the Musgrave Gold Medal in 2005 by the Institute of Jamaica for her contributions to literature. Other awards she has won include the Dana Distinguished Professor of Creative Writing and International Education at St. Lawrence University (1994), the Gold Medal of the Institute of Jamaica, the Norman Washington Manley Foundation Award for Excellence (2003), a Doctor of Letters at the University of the West Indies (2017), and the OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature (2016). Senior was appointed Poet Laureate of Jamaica in 2021, serving in the post until 2024.

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.
Mount Valikhanov
Mount Valikhanov (71°49′S 12°15′E﻿ / ﻿71.817°S 12.250°E﻿ / -71.817; 12.250) is a mountain (2,800 m) standing 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northwest of Mount Mirotvortsev in Sudliche Petermann Range, Wohlthat Mountains. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. It was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and was remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after Russian geographer Chokan Valikhanov (1935–65).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Valikhanov". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Südliche Petermann Range
Südliche Petermann Range (German: Südliche Petermannkette, also known as Söre Petermannkjeda, and Gory Otto Grotevolya) is one of the Petermann Ranges, trending NE-SW for 35 km (22 mi) from Svarthausane Crags to Gneiskopf Peak, in the Wohlthat Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Mount Neustruyev (also known as Gora Neustruyeva) is a 2,900 meter peak standing 8 km (5.0 mi) NNE of Gneiskopf Peak.
Minister of Seniors
The Minister of Seniors (French: Ministre des Aînés), previously known as the Minister of State for Seniors (French: Ministre d'État aux Aînés), is a Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The portfolio was initially introduced during the government of Stephen Harper but the position was labeled as a Minister of State. The portfolio was reintroduced during the government of Justin Trudeau, in July 2018. On March 14, 2025 the position was discontinued, its responsibilities being consolidated into the new position of Minister of Jobs and Families.

Minister of state (Canada)
A minister of state is a junior cabinet minister in the Cabinet of Canada, usually given specific responsibilities to assist a senior cabinet minister in a specific area. A secretary of state also holds many similar responsibilities in assisting senior cabinet members, being members of the Ministry and the King's Privy Council for Canada. A secretary of state is legally a minister of state styled as secretaries. However, secretaries of state are considered junior to ministers of state and are not members of Cabinet.
Stationary sequence
In probability theory – specifically in the theory of stochastic processes, a stationary sequence is a random sequence whose joint probability distribution is invariant over time.  If a random sequence X j is stationary then the following holds:

where F is the joint cumulative distribution function of the random variables in the subscript.

If a sequence is stationary then it is wide-sense stationary.

If a sequence is stationary then it has a constant mean (which may not be finite):

Random sequence
The concept of a random sequence is essential in probability theory and statistics. The concept generally relies on the notion of a sequence of random variables and many statistical discussions begin with the words "let X1,...,Xn be independent random variables...". Yet as D. H. Lehmer stated in 1951: "A random sequence is a vague notion... in which each term is unpredictable to the uninitiated and whose digits pass a certain number of tests traditional with statisticians".

Axiomatic probability theory deliberately avoids a definition of a random sequence. Traditional probability theory does not state if a specific sequence is random, but generally proceeds to discuss the properties of random variables and stochastic sequences assuming some definition of randomness. The Bourbaki school considered the statement "let us consider a random sequence" an abuse of language.
Namyang Bang clan
Namyang Bang clan (Korean: 남양 방씨; Hanja: 南陽 房氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, Gyeonggi Province. According to the research held in 2000, the number of the Namyang Bang clan was 27454. Fang Yi'ai, a second child of Fang Xuanling’s who worked as Chancellor were dispatched to Goguryeo as one of Tang dynasty’s Hanlin Academy because of Fang Yi'ai in Goguryeo’s Bojang request. The founder was Bang Gye hong who was a descendant of Fang Yi'ai.

Fang Yi'ai
Fang Yi'ai (Chinese: 房遺愛; ? – 6 March 653), was a Tang dynasty politician who served as the governor of Fangzhou. He was the second son of Fang Xuanling, a prominent statesman who served as chancellor under Emperor Taizong. Fang Yi'ai was married to Princess Gaoyang, the 17th daughter of Emperor Taizong.
James E. Duffy (American football)
James Eugene Duffy (January 10, 1867 – September 16, 1953) was an American college football player and lawyer. He played halfback for the University of Michigan football team for seven years from 1885 to 1891 and was captain of the 1888 team. In 1886, he set the world record by drop kicking a football 168 feet, 7½ inches. After graduating from Michigan, he was an attorney in Bay City, Michigan and a long-time member of the University of Michigan Board in Control of Athletics.

Horace Greely Prettyman
Horace Greely Prettyman (November 8, 1857 – March 27, 1945) was an American football player in the early years of the sport.  Prettyman won a record eight varsity letters at the University of Michigan, playing for the school's football team from 1882 to 1886 and 1888 to 1890.  He was the team's captain in 1884, 1885, and 1886, and scored the first touchdown in the first game played at Michigan's first home football field in Ann Arbor.  Prettyman later became a successful businessman and civic leader, operating a boarding house, a laundry service, a power company and the Ann Arbor Press, and holding office as an Ann Arbor city councilman, postmaster and Washtenaw County, Michigan supervisor.
Triarsi Competizione
Triarsi Competizione is an American sports car racing team that currently competes in the GTD class of the IMSA SportsCar Championship and the Ferrari Challenge North America. The team was founded by race car driver Onofrio Triarsi.

2023 GT World Challenge America
The 2023 Fanatec GT World Challenge America Powered by AWS was the seventeenth season of the United States Auto Club's GT World Challenge America, and the sixth under ownership of SRO Motorsports Group.

The season began at Sonoma on March 30, and ended at Indianapolis on October 8.

Eric Filgueiras and Stevan McAleer won the Pro class championship for Rennsport One (RS1) in the new Porsche 911 GT3 R, one year after they won the 2022 GT4 America Series Silver class title. George Kurtz and Colin Braun won the Pro-Am championship for CrowdStrike by Riley.
Connop Thirlwall
Connop Thirlwall (11 January 1797 – 27 July 1875) was an English churchman, who served as Bishop of St David's in Wales from 1840 to 1874. A noted scholar of history and literature, he is known for pioneering the concept of dramatic irony in the context of studying the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles.

Friedrich Schleiermacher
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (/ˈʃlaɪərmɑːxər/; German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʃlaɪɐˌmaxɐ]; 21 November 1768 – 12 February 1834) was a German Reformed theologian, pastor, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity. He also became influential in the evolution of higher criticism, and his work forms part of the foundation of the modern field of hermeneutics.  Because of his profound effect on subsequent Christian thought, he is often called the "Father of Modern Liberal Theology" and is considered an early leader in liberal Christianity. The neo-orthodoxy movement of the twentieth century, typically (though not without challenge) seen to be spearheaded by Karl Barth, was in many ways an attempt to challenge his influence. As a philosopher he was a leader of German Romanticism.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ62
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ60 or Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ62 is a DSLR-like ultrazoom bridge camera announced by Panasonic back in 2012. FZ60 is for Americas and Asia-Pacific, while the FZ62 is for Europe and CIS. The highest-resolution pictures it records is 16.1 megapixels, through its 25mm Leica DC VARIO-ELMARIT.

Its successor is the FZ70/72 with a 16 megapixel sensor and 60x optical zoom lens.

Superzoom
A superzoom or ultrazoom lens is a type of photographic zoom lens with unconventionally large focal length factors, typically ranging from wide angle to extreme long lens focal lengths in one lens. There is no clear definition of a superzoom lens, but the name generally covers lenses that have a range well above the 3× or 4× (e.g., 28-85 mm or 70-210 mm) of a standard zoom lens, with lenses being 10×, 12×, 18×, or above considered superzoom.

Advantages of a superzoom lens include compositional flexibility, reduced need to swap lenses, and enhanced portability by consolidating the functionality of multiple lenses into one. Due to trade-offs in the optical design, superzoom lenses are noted for having poorer optical quality at the extreme ends of their zoom ranges, often due to distortion. The longer focal lengths are usually accompanied by optical image stabilization in order to be usable handheld.
2nd Filmfare Awards Marathi
The 2nd Filmfare Marathi Awards is a ceremony, presented by Karrm, honored the best Indian Marathi-language films of 2015.

Double Seat led the ceremony with 11 nominations, followed by Katyar Kaljat Ghusali with 10 nominations.

Katyar Kaljat Ghusali dominated with 8 wins, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Music Director and Best Male Playback Singer, and followed by Court with 4 wins.

Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi
The Filmfare Marathi Award for Best Actor is presented annually at the Filmfare Awards to an actor via a public vote or jury; it is given by Filmfare for Marathi films. Each individual entry shows the title followed by the production company and the producer. The award was first given in 1974. The most recent winner, as of 2025, is Mahesh Manjrekar.
WTME-LD
WTME-LD (channel 35) is a low-power television station in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Media alongside NBC affiliate WMC-TV (channel 5). The two stations share studios on Union Avenue in midtown Memphis; WTME-LD's transmitter is located on Raleigh-LaGrange Road on the city's northeast side.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Tux Paint
Tux Paint is a free and open source raster graphics editor geared towards young children. The project was started in 2002 by Bill Kendrick who continues to maintain and improve it, with help from numerous volunteers. Tux Paint is seen by many as a free software alternative to Kid Pix, a similar proprietary educational software product.

Pango
Pango (stylized as Παν語) is a text (i.e. glyph) layout engine library which works with the HarfBuzz shaping engine for displaying multi-language text.

Full-function rendering of text and cross-platform support is achieved when Pango is used with platform APIs or third-party libraries, such as Uniscribe and FreeType, as text rendering backends. Pango-processed text will appear similar under different operating systems.

Pango is a special-purpose library for text and not a general-purpose graphics rendering library such as Cairo, with which Pango can be used. The Cairo documentation recommends Pango be used to "render" text rather than Cairo for all but the simplest text "rendering".
Crux (literary)
A crux is a textual passage that is corrupted to the point that it is difficult or impossible to interpret and resolve. Cruxes are studied in palaeography, textual criticism, bibliography, and literary scholarship. A crux is more serious or extensive than a simple slip of the pen or typographical error. The word comes from Latin crux, Latin for "cross", used metaphorically as a difficulty that torments one. Cruxes occur in a wide range of pre-modern (ancient, medieval, and Renaissance) texts, printed and manuscript.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).