hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hunger (1966 film)
Hunger (Danish: Sult, Swedish: Svält) is a 1966 black-and-white drama film directed by Denmark's Henning Carlsen, starring Swedish actor Per Oscarsson, and based upon the novel Hunger by Norwegian Nobel Prize-winning author Knut Hamsun. Filmed on location in Oslo, it was the first film produced as a cooperative effort among the three Scandinavian countries.

With its stark focus on a life of poverty and desperation, the film is considered a masterpiece of social realism. Film historians suggest it was the first Danish film to gain serious international attention since the work of Carl Theodor Dreyer. It is one of the ten films listed in Denmark's cultural canon by the Danish Ministry of Culture.

Danish Culture Canon
The Danish Culture Canon (Danish: Kulturkanonen) consists of 108 works of cultural excellence in eight categories: architecture, visual arts, design and crafts, film, literature, music, performing arts, and children's culture. An initiative of Brian Mikkelsen in 2004, it was developed by a series of committees under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture in 2006–2007 as "a collection and presentation of the greatest, most important works of Denmark's cultural heritage." Each category contains 12 works, although music contains 12 works of score music, and 12 of popular music. The literature section's 12th item is an anthology of 24 works.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1969
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1969 was adopted unanimously on February 24, 2011; after reaffirming resolutions 1599 (2005), 1677 (2006), 1690 (2006), 1703 (2006), 1704 (2006), 1745 (2007), 1802 (2008), 1867 (2009) and 1912 (2010) on the situation in East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council decided to extend the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) for a year, until February 26, 2012.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1599
United Nations Security Council resolution 1599, adopted unanimously on 28 April 2005, after reaffirming previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), particularly resolutions 1543 (2004) and 1573 (2004), the council established the United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL) to follow on from the United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET) as a special political mission for one year until 20 May 2006.

The resolution authorised a peacebuilding, rather than peacekeeping mandate for UNOTIL.
Richard Nickel
Richard Stanley Nickel (May 31, 1928 – April 13, 1972) was a Polish American architectural photographer and historical preservationist, who was based in Chicago, Illinois. He is best known for his efforts to preserve and document the buildings of architect Louis Sullivan, and the work of the architecture firm of Adler & Sullivan.

Chicago Stock Exchange
The Chicago Stock Exchange (CHX), in its last years known as NYSE Chicago, was a stock exchange in Chicago, Illinois, US. It was founded in 1882. As a national securities exchange and self-regulatory organization, it operated under the oversight of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) acquired CHX in July 2018 and the exchange rebranded as NYSE Chicago in February 2019.

Under NYSE, the exchange was electronic only and focused on the niche market for hedge funds. In February 2025, NYSE announced plans to close the now small Chicago office moving operations to Dallas to create NYSE Texas, where the exchange would again list companies on an electronic only platform.
Pip Cliffs
Pip Cliffs (65°43′S 63°1′W﻿ / ﻿65.717°S 63.017°W﻿ / -65.717; -63.017) is a prominent rock cliffs, rising to about 1,250 m in southwestern Aristotle Mountains, 10 km west of Mount Fedallah and 3.5 km east of Peychinov Crag, on the north side of Flask Glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land. In association with names from Melville's Moby Dick grouped in this area, named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1987 after Pip, the cabin boy of the Pequod.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pip Cliffs". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Peychinov Crag
Peychinov Crag (Bulgarian: Пейчинов камък, ‘Peychinov Kamak’ \pey-'chi-nov 'ka-m&k\) is the narrow rocky nunatak extending 3.58 km in northwest-southeast direction and 700 m wide, rising to 1417 m in the southwest foothills of Aristotle Mountains on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land.  It is situated in upper Flask Glacier.  The feature is named after the settlement of Peychinovo in Northeastern Bulgaria, in connection with the Bulgarian scholar and enlightener Kiril Peychinovich (1770–1845).
Payao, Zamboanga Sibugay
Payao, officially the Municipality of Payao (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Payao; Subanon: Benwa Payao; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Payao; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Payao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Payao), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 34,952 people.

Poblacion
Poblacion (from Spanish población, meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It may consist of a single barangay or multiple barangays. Colloquially, the poblacion area is also referred to as the bayan (see also other definitions of bayan), plaza, or centro.
Rabia Sorda
Rabia Sorda (translated: "Deaf Rage") is the side project of Erk Aicrag, lead singer of the Mexican aggrotech band Hocico. Rabia Sorda, like Hocico, is electronic music, though it is somewhat less aggressive and noisy than Hocico.
While his main project, Hocico, goes down a certain path, Aicrag uses Rabia Sorda as a vehicle for his own musical creativity. He mixes different aspects ranging from ethnic influences to 1980s-style melodies and punky attitude to aggressive electronic music.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Sheriff Suma
Sheriff Awilo Suma (born 12 October 1986) is a Sierra Leonean former professional footballer who played as a left winger. A member of Sierra Leone U17 national team at the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland, he made his debut for the senior national team in 2006.

Suma is one of the most popular Sierra Leonean footballers and he is known for frequently changing his unusual and colourful hairstyles.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Clusterball
Clusterball is a 2000 video game featuring futuristic sport gameplay created by the Swedish Company Daydream Software and published by Strategy First, RealNetworks and Daydream Software itself.

Clusterball began development in early 1997 as a research and development experiment at Daydream. It was the company's first fully 3D game, as its other projects were pre-rendered.

Strategy First
Strategy First Inc. is a Canadian video game publisher based in Montreal. Founded in 1988 by Don McFatridge, Steve Wall and Dave Hill, the company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and was subsequently acquired by Silverstar Holdings in 2005. Initially specializing in developing strategy video games, it since switched to primarily publishing, releasing games like the Disciples series, the Jagged Alliance series, O.R.B: Off-World Resource Base, and the Space Empires series.
Blue Gum Forest
The Blue Gum Forest is a  forest located in Blue Mountains National Park within the Grose Valley of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales west of Sydney, southeastern Australia. It is one of the best-known bushwalking sites in Australia. The forest is located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Greater Blue Mountains Area. The forest survived through the efforts of early Australian conservationists.

Greater Blue Mountains Area
The Greater Blue Mountains Area is a World Heritage Site located in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The 1,032,649-hectare (2,551,730-acre) area was placed on the World Heritage List at the 24th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairns in 2000.
Political divisions and vassals of the Mongol Empire
Through invasions and conquests the Mongols established a vast empire that included many political divisions, vassals and tributary states. It was the largest contiguous land empire in history. However, after the death of Möngke Khan, the Toluid Civil War and subsequent wars had led to the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire. By 1294, the empire had fractured into four autonomous khanates, including the Golden Horde in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in the middle, the Ilkhanate in the southwest, and the Yuan dynasty in the east based in modern-day Beijing, although the Yuan emperors held the nominal title of Khagan of the empire.

Nogai Khan
Nogai, or Noğay (Kypchak and Turki: نوغای; also spelled Nogay, Nogaj, Nohai, Nokhai, Noqai, Ngoche, Noche, Kara Nokhai, and Isa Nogai; died 1299/1300) was a general and kingmaker of the Golden Horde. His great grandfather was Jochi, son of Genghis Khan.

Though he never formally ruled the Golden Horde himself, he was effectively the co-ruler of the state alongside whatever khan was in power at the time and had unrestricted control over the portions west of the Dnieper. At his height, Nogai was one of the most powerful men in Europe and widely thought of as the Horde's true head. The Russian chroniclers gave him the title of tsar, while the Franciscan missionaries in the Crimea spoke of him as a co-emperor. Nogai was also a notable convert to Islam.
Mário Reis (footballer)
Mário Domingos da Silva Reis (born 25 June 1947) is a retired Portuguese footballer and manager.

His playing career as a midfielder was spent mostly at Salgueiros before ending at Rio Ave, where he transitioned into a manager. He led both clubs in the Primeira Liga, as well as Vitória Setúbal, Boavista, União Leiria and Gil Vicente, totalling 241 games in the top division. In 1997, he won the Taça de Portugal and Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira for Boavista.

1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The 1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 19th edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, the annual Portuguese football season-opening match contested by the winners of the previous season's top league and cup competitions (or cup runner-up in case the league- and cup-winning club is the same). The 1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was contested over two legs, and opposed Boavista and Porto of the Primeira Liga. Porto qualified for the SuperCup by winning the 1996–97 Primeira Divisão, whilst Boavista qualified for the Supertaça by winning the 1996–97 Taça de Portugal.

The first leg which took place at the Estádio do Bessa, saw Boavista defeat Porto 2–0. The second leg which took place at the Estádio das Antas, saw the Dragões defeat the Axadrezados 1–0, but the Axadrezados win a third Supertaça after 2–1 on aggregate over two legs.
Lungotevere Portuense
Lungotevere Portuense is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Ponte Sublicio to Ponte Testaccio in Rome (Italy), in the Portuense Quarter.

The Lungotevere takes its name from the ancient Via Portuensis, that led to the city of Portus; it has been established as per Deliberation dated July 20, 1887.

It houses the Papal Arsenal of Ripa Grande, a former boatyard of the Papal Navy, as well as the remains of the 16th-century Villa della Porta Rodiani: the gate is a little structure attributed to Girolamo Rainaldi.

Lungotevere
Lungotevere (Italian for Tiber Waterfront) is an alley or boulevard running along the river Tiber within the city of Rome.
The building of the Lungoteveres required the demolition of the former edifices along the river banks and the construction of retaining walls called muraglioni (massive walls).
Size of the Roman army
By the size of the Roman army is meant the changes (increases and reductions) in the number of its contingents: legions, auxiliaries, Praetorian cohorts, Urban cohorts, vigiles, and naval forces over the course of twelve centuries – from 753 BC to AD 476 (the Fall of the Western Roman Empire).

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
2009–10 Middlesbrough F.C. season
During 2009–10, Middlesbrough F.C. are competing in the Football League Championship following their relegation from the Premier League at the end of the 2008–09 season. They also competed in the League Cup and the FA Cup.

Despite relegation and pressure from fans, chairman Steve Gibson backed Gareth Southgate to lead Middlesbrough back to the Premier League as manager. However, on 20 October, both Southgate and football consultant, Alan Smith, were relieved of their duties with immediate effect. With regular skipper Emanuel Pogatetz injured, Robert Huth was named captain at the start of the season. After Huth's departure, that honour fell to Gary O'Neil.

Steve Gibson (businessman)
Stephen Gibson (born 9 January 1958) is a British entrepreneur and the chairman and owner of Middlesbrough FC. In May 2024, he was 350th on the Sunday Times Rich List, with a net worth of £640 million. He is the second richest person from North East England.

Gibson was born in Middlesbrough and raised in the Park End area of the town. Raised Catholic, he attended local schools, St Pius X Primary and St Mary's College. In 1979, he became Middlesbrough's youngest ever Labour councillor, being elected to represent Park End at age 21. He is the uncle of Stoke City defender Ben Gibson.
Mass media in Ivory Coast
Mass media in Ivory Coast is controlled by the government. Audiovisual communications are regulated by the Conseil national de la communication audiovisuelle (CNCA), an administrative arm of the national government.

TV5Monde
TV5Monde (French pronunciation: [te ve sɛ̃k mɔ̃d]), formerly known as TV5, is a French public television network, broadcasting several channels of French-language programming. It is an approved participant member of the European Broadcasting Union.

The network is available across Europe on satellite via Astra 19.2°E and Eutelsat Hot Bird (13°E) (both free-to-air), online and via TVPlayer.
Snellius Glacier
Snellius Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Снелий, romanized: lednik Snellius, IPA: ['lɛdnik 'snɛlij]) is the glacier extending 7 km in west–east direction and 3 km in south–north direction on the north coast of Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica draining the north slopes of Pardo Ridge and flowing northwards into Drake Passage between Eratosthenes Point and Ronalds Point. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Willebrord Snellius (Willebrord Snel van Royen, 1580–1626), a Dutch astronomer and mathematician who was the first to survey distances by triangulation; in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

Elephant Island
Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. The island is situated 245 kilometres (152 miles) north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, 1,253 kilometres (779 miles) west-southwest of South Georgia, 935 kilometres (581 miles) south of the Falkland Islands, and 885 kilometres (550 miles) southeast of Cape Horn. It is within the Antarctic claims of Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom.

The Brazilian Antarctic Program maintains a shelter on the island, Goeldi, and formerly had another (Wiltgen) supporting the work of up to six researchers each during the summer. Wiltgen was dismantled in the summers of 1997 and 1998.
Learning from the Germans
Learning from the Germans: Race and the Memory of Evil is a 2019 non-fiction book by Susan Neiman, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in the United States and by Allen Lane in the United Kingdom. The author argues that German society has largely accepted responsibility for and learned from actions done by the country in the past, particularly in World War II, while the United States had not done the same, particularly for Jim Crow violations.

Neiman stated that each country has its particular history but that studying the incidents in Germany shows that society can atone for past crimes and improve even though doing so is a difficult process. Neiman in particular believes that many Americans lack an understanding of the United States Civil War as well as the Jim Crow period, contributing to issues in American society present in 2019. She believes the United States would benefit from its own corresponding Vergangenheitsbewältigung.

Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger Williams Straus Jr. and John C. Farrar. FSG is known for publishing literary books, and its authors have won numerous awards, including Pulitzer Prizes, National Book Awards, and Nobel Prizes. Since 1993, the publisher has been a division of Macmillan, whose parent company is the German publishing conglomerate Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.
Post–Turing machine
A Post machine or Post–Turing machine is a "program formulation" of a type of Turing machine, comprising a variant of Emil Post's Turing-equivalent model of computation. Post's model and Turing's model, though very similar to one another, were developed independently. Turing's paper was received for publication in May 1936, followed by Post's in October.  A Post–Turing machine uses a binary alphabet, an infinite sequence of binary storage locations, and a primitive programming language with instructions for bi-directional movement among the storage locations and alteration of their contents one at a time.  The names "Post–Turing program" and "Post–Turing machine" were used by Martin Davis in 1973–1974 (Davis 1973, p. 69ff). Later in 1980, Davis used the name "Turing–Post program" (Davis, in Steen p. 241).

Alonzo Church
Alonzo Church (June 14, 1903 – August 11, 1995) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He is best known for the lambda calculus, the Church–Turing thesis, proving the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem ("decision problem"), the Frege–Church ontology, and the Church–Rosser theorem. Alongside his doctoral student Alan Turing, Church is considered one of the founders of computer science.
Dzinara Smolskaya
Dzinara Smolskaya (née Dzinara Talhatauna Alimbekava, Kazakh: Динара Талғатқызы Әлімбекова, romanized: Dinara Talğatkyzy Älimbekova, born 5 January 1996) is a Kazakhstan-born Belarusian biathlete. She won a gold medal in the 4×6 km relay at the 2018 Olympics. Alimbekava won her first IBU World Cup competition (a sprint) in Hochfilzen, Austria, in December 2020, and finished as the Under-25 Cup leader for the 2020-21 World Cup season.

Alimbekava was born in Kazakhstan to a Kazakh father and a Belarusian mother. When she was three years old, her family moved to Belarus, where her younger brother Zhenya was born. Dzinara is professionally trained in piano and skates and practices snowboarding in her free time.

In October 2022, Alimbekava revealed, via her Instagram account, that she had married fellow biathlete Anton Smolski on 10 January that year. She now competes under the name Dzinara Smolskaya.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Mountaineering in India
Mountaineering is quite popular in India, since the entire northern and north-eastern borders are the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world. The apex body in India is the Indian Mountaineering Foundation, which is affiliated to the UIAA.

India has several premier mountaineering institutes. The four National Institutes are:

Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling

Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarkashi

Jawahar Institute of Mountaineering and Winter Sports, Pahalgam

National Institute of Mountaineering and Adventure Sports (NIMAS), Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh

Sonam Gyatso Mountaineering Institute, Gangtok

The other institutes are:

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports (ABVIMAS), Manali

Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering, Gulmarg

Swami Vivekanand Institute of Mountaineering, Mount Abu

Guardian Giripremi Institute of Mountaineering (GGIM), Pune, Maharashtra

Giripremi, Pune

Jawahar Institute of Mountaineering and Winter Sports
The Jawahar Institute of Mountaineering and Winter Sports was established in 1983 in Aru, Pahalgam, when chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir suggested its creation to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The institute was formed on the lines of other national mountaineering institutes in the country (i.e., the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute and the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering). Aru was chosen as a natural location for the institute with its rolling hills and easy access to mountain passes.
The institute currently offers training in mountaineering courses, skiing courses and adventure Courses.
Grand Council of Fribourg
The Grand Council of Fribourg (French: Grand Conseil de Fribourg) is the legislature of the canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland.  Fribourg has a unicameral legislature.  The Grand Council has 110 seats, with members elected every four years.

Canton of Fribourg
The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg, is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.