hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phenotype (clinical medicine)
In a nosological sense, the term phenotype can be used in clinical medicine for speaking about the presentation of a disease. The complementary concept in this regard is endotype, which refers to the pathogenesis of the disease ignoring its presentation.

In this context, a phenotype would be any observable characteristic or trait of a disease, such as morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, or behavior, without any implication of a mechanism. A clinical phenotype would be the presentation of a disease in a given individual.

Some organizations have their own specialised meaning. For example, the term 'phenotype' in the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) means "a single or combination of disease attributes that describe differences between individuals with COPD as they relate to clinically meaningful outcomes", but nearly all specialities use this meaning in some way, like in asthma research.

Clinical case definition
In epidemiology, a clinical case definition, a clinical definition, or simply a case definition lists the clinical criteria by which public health professionals determine whether a person's illness is included as a case in an outbreak investigation—that is, whether a person is considered directly affected by an outbreak. Absent an outbreak, case definitions are used in the surveillance of public health in order to categorize those conditions present in a population (e.g., incidence and prevalence).
Linda Connor
Linda Connor (born in New York, November 18, 1944) is an American photographer living in San Francisco, California. She is known for her landscape photography.

She has photographed in a multitude of countries throughout her career including, but not limited to, India, Mexico, Thailand, Ireland, Peru, and Nepal. Connor was a professor for the photography department at the San Francisco Art Institute, where she had taught since 1969. From 1985 to 1999 she also served as a board member for Friends of Photography. That same year, Connor then became founder & president of PhotoAlliance.

Large format
Large format photography refers to any imaging format of 9 cm × 12 cm (3.5 in × 4.7 in) or larger. Large format is larger than "medium format", the 6 cm × 6 cm (2.4 in × 2.4 in) or 6 cm × 9 cm (2.4 in × 3.5 in) size of Hasselblad, Mamiya, Rollei, Kowa, and Pentax cameras (using 120- and 220-roll film), and much larger than the 24 mm × 36 mm (0.94 in × 1.42 in) frame of 35 mm format.

The main advantage of a large format, film or digital, is a higher resolution at the same pixel pitch, or the same resolution with larger pixels or grains which allows each pixel to capture more light enabling exceptional low-light capture. A 4×5 inch image (12.903 mm²) has about 15 times the area, and thus 15 times the total resolution, of a 35 mm frame (864 mm²).

Large format cameras were some of the earliest photographic devices, and before enlargers were common, it was normal to just make 1:1 contact prints from a 4×5, 5×7, or 8×10-inch negative.
Masaharu Gotōda
Masaharu Gotōda (後藤田 正晴, Gotoda Masaharu, 9 August 1914 – 19 September 2005) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician of the Liberal Democratic Party who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Japan in 1993. He also several in several other cabinet positions such as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1982 to 1983 and 1985 to 1987 under Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone and Minister of Justice from 1992 to 1993 under Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa.

Before becoming a politician Gotōda served as Commissioner General of the National Police Agency from 1969 to 1972 and Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1972 to 1973.

Deputy Prime Minister of Japan
The deputy prime minister of Japan (副総理, Fuku-sōri) is a post given to a minister of state designated by the prime minister of Japan to temporarily perform the prime minister's duties when they are not able to. The prime minister does not have to designate a successor, and as such the position is not always filled.

The position has been vacant since 4 October 2021, but the most recent, and longest serving, deputy prime minister was Tarō Asō, who served as minister of finance concurrently. The deputy prime minister only exercises the functions of prime minister until the National Diet selects a new prime minister.
Milho Branco
Milho Branco is a village in the southeastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is situated 2 km north of Ribeirão Chiqueiro, 5 km east of the city São Domingos and 12 km north of the capital Praia. The national road EN1-ST02 from Ribeirão Chiqueiro to Tarrafal via Pedra Badejo passes through the village. It is part of the municipality of São Domingos. In 2010 its population was 607.

São Domingos, Cape Verde
São Domingos (also: Várzea da Igreja) is a city in the central part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. In 2010, its population was 2,818. 
It is the seat of the São Domingos Municipality. It is situated 13 km southeast of Assomada and 13 km northwest of the capital Praia, along the national road from Praia to Assomada (EN1-ST01). The settlement appeared in the 1747 map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin as St. Domingo.
Doki Doki Morning
"Doki Doki Morning" (ド・キ・ド・キ☆モーニング, Doki Doki Mōningu, lit. "Heart-Pounding Morning", stylized as "Doki Doki ☆ Morning" and formerly "Do・Ki・Do・Ki ☆ Morning") is a song by the Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal. The song was released in Japan as an independent DVD single on October 22, 2011, serving as the first single off the debut album Babymetal.

Moa Kikuchi
Moa Kikuchi (菊地 最愛, Kikuchi Moa; born July 4, 1999), better known by her stage name Moametal, is a Japanese singer and dancer. She is best known as a member of the kawaii metal band Babymetal, and was formerly a member of the idol group Sakura Gakuin. She is represented by the talent agency Amuse Inc.
Boekel Building
The Boekel Building is a historic factory building located in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at 505–515 Vine Street, west of North 5th Street. It was built in 1922–23, and is a six-story, reinforced concrete building clad in brick with terra cotta details. It features massive brick piers and broad banks of windows; the windows were replaced in 1992.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Old City, Philadelphia
Old City is a neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, near the Delaware River waterfront. It is home to Independence National Historical Park, a dense section of historic landmarks including Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, the First Bank of the United States, the Second Bank of the United States, and Carpenters' Hall. It also includes historic streets such as Elfreth's Alley, dating back to 1703.

Old City is also home to several hotels, with the Independence Park Hotel on Chestnut Street the only hotel listed on the National Registry of Historic Places.

Old City borders Northern Liberties to the north, Penn's Landing to the east, Society Hill to the south, and Chinatown and Market East to the west.
MRC Blood Group Unit
The MRC Blood Group Unit, originally the Blood Group Research Unit, was a research unit of the British Medical Research Council from 1946 to 1995. Initially established in the Lister Institute, it transferred to the Galton Laboratory (the Genetics department) of University College, London in 1975, the original home of its predecessor.

The unit mainly used serological techniques to discover blood group antigens. Only in the last 15 years of its existence were monoclonal antibodies and molecular approaches adopted. Blood groups were used to study many aspects of human genetics: including those related to blood transfusion, linkage analysis, mosaicism and chimaerism.

Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
The Medical Research Council (MRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for co-coordinating and funding medical research in the United Kingdom.

The MRC focuses on high-impact research and has provided the financial support and scientific expertise behind a number of medical breakthroughs, including the development of penicillin and the discovery of the structure of DNA. Research funded by the MRC has produced 32 Nobel Prize winners to date.
Leeuwenhoek (crater)
Leeuwenhoek is a lunar impact crater that lies in the Moon's southern hemisphere, on the far side from the Earth. It is located to the east of the crater Birkeland and the unusual double crater Van de Graaff. To the northeast of Leeuwenhoek is Orlov and to the south is the large walled plain Leibnitz. It is named after Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

The outer rim of Leeuwenhoek is worn and eroded, forming an irregular mountainous ring about the relatively level interior floor. The inner wall is wider along the western and southern sides, offsetting the floor to the northeast. At the midpoint of the interior is a central peak formation. There are a pair of small craterlets on the floor and several tiny craters. Leeuwenhoek partly overlaps the satellite crater Leeuwenhoek E to the northeast.

Van de Graaff (crater)
Van de Graaff is a crater formation located on the far side of the Moon, on the northeast edge of Mare Ingenii.

The crater is named for physicist Robert J. Van de Graaff, whose groundbreaking work includes the invention of the Van de Graaff generator.

Van de Graaff is one of the largest craters of Nectarian age.
Abraham Boardman
Abraham Boardman (1824 – 21 May 1897) was elected Mayor of Auckland in 1896, and took office on 16 December in that year. He, however, resigned shortly afterwards on account of ill-health, and died on 21 May 1897, aged seventy-three.

Boardman was born near Bolton, Lancashire, England, and after being headmaster in an important church school, and also in mercantile life in Liverpool and London, he emigrated to the colonies, and arrived in Auckland on 24 January 1864.

He obtained a position in the office of the Superintendent of the Province, and was afterwards Curator of Intestate Estates under the General Government. Subsequently, Boardman was connected extensively with mining companies, and was the first general manager of the South British Insurance Company.

Mayor of Auckland City
The Mayor of Auckland City was the directly elected head of the Auckland City Council, the municipal government of Auckland City, New Zealand. The office existed from 1871 to 2010, when the Auckland City Council and mayoralty was abolished and replaced with the Auckland Council and the Mayor of Auckland.
Frances Campbell Sparhawk
Frances Campbell Sparhawk (July 28, 1847 – January 9, 1930) was an American author.

Frances Campbell Sparhawk was born on July 28, 1847, in Amesbury, Massachusetts.  Her education was received in private schools. The poet Whittier was an early and intimate friend of her father, Dr. Thomas Sparhawk. She has published a large number of serial stories in The Christian Union and The Bay State Monthly.  Her most important contribution to serial fiction is entitled "Elizabeth," a romance of colonial days, and describes New England and the siege of Louisburg. This appeared in The Bay State Monthly.  She is also the author of A Lazy Man's Work (New York, 1881), Little Polly Blatchley (Boston, 1887), Miss West's Class in Geography (1887), and the Dorothy Brooke series of books for young adult girls.  Frances Campbell Sparhawk died on January 9, 1930, in Brookline, Massachusetts.

John Greenleaf Whittier
John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17, 1807 – September 7, 1892) was an American Quaker poet and advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. Frequently listed as one of the fireside poets, he was influenced by the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Whittier is remembered particularly for his anti-slavery writings, as well as his 1866 book Snow-Bound.
5 Kolonne
5. Kolonne (lit. 'Fifth column') was an organization that employed violence and sabotage to oppose the occupation of Denmark by German forces during the Second World War.  The organization was formed and based in Aarhus and with some 100 members it was one of the larger resistance groups in that area in the later years of the war. The group was created in response to the destruction of the resistance groups in Jutland by the Gestapo between late 1943 and the summer of 1944. The group functioned from June 1944 to the end of the occupation in May 1945.

Port of Aarhus
The Port of Aarhus (Danish: Aarhus Havn) is a deep-sea port located in the city of Aarhus. It is the largest container port in Denmark, handling more than 50% of country's container traffic. The Port of Aarhus shipped roughly 8.4 million metric tonnes of cargo in 2017.
2020 Orlando Open
The 2020 Orlando Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Orlando, Florida, United States between 16 and 22 November 2020.

2020 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2020 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2020 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 57 tournaments with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $162,480. It was the 43rd edition of challenger tournaments cycle and 12th under the name of Challenger Tour.

The Challenger Tour was suspended between 13 March and 16 August due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2016 CFU Club Championship
The 2016 CFU Club Championship was the 18th edition of CFU Club Championship, the annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU). The top three teams in the tournament qualified for the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League. Central were the defending champions, having won the 2015 CFU Club Championship, and successfully defended their title, defeating fellow Trinidadian side W Connection in the final for the second straight year.

Caribbean Club Championship
The Caribbean Club Championship, also known as the CFU Club Championship or CFU Club Champions' Cup, was an annual international football competition held amongst association football clubs that are members of the Caribbean Football Union (CFU). The tournament served as a qualifying event for the CONCACAF Champions League and, from 2017, the CONCACAF League.

In 2023, the tournament was replaced by the CONCACAF Caribbean Cup which follows a similar format. This change was made in conjunction with the expansion of the CONCACAF Champions League starting from the 2024 edition.
Roberto Abbado
Roberto Abbado  (born 30 December 1954 in Milan) is an Italian opera and symphonic music conductor. Currently he is an Artistic Partner of The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra. In 2015 he has been appointed music director of Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia in Valencia, Spain. From 2018 he's Music Director of the Festival Verdi in Parma. Previously he held the position of Chief Conductor of Münchner Rundfunkorchester (Munich Radio Orchestra).

Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
41°54′03″N 12°29′44″E﻿ / ﻿41.90083°N 12.49556°E﻿ / 41.90083; 12.49556
The Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (Rome Opera House) is an opera house in Rome, Italy. Originally opened in November 1880 as the 2,212 seat Costanzi Theatre, it has undergone several changes of name as well modifications and improvements. The present house seats 1,560.
MODOKO–KEYAP
MODOKO-KEYAP is an underground station on the M8 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located at the intersection of Necip Fazıl Boulevard and Nato Yolu Street in the Esenşehir neighbourhood of Ümraniye. It was opened on 6 January 2023.

M8 (Istanbul Metro)
Line M8, officially referred to as the M8 Bostancı-Parseller line, is a rapid transit line of the Istanbul Metro. The line connects Bostancı railway station, on the southern coast of the Anatolian side, to Parseller, in the district of Ümraniye. At Bostancı, connections are available with intercity trains to destinations in Anatolia, as well as the Marmaray service across the Bosphorus.

The line is 14.27 kilometres (8.87 mi) long with 13 stations. It opened for service on 6 January 2023.

It is a fully automatic driverless metro line; all stations have platform screen doors and are completely underground.
Swainbost
Swainbost (Scottish Gaelic: Suaineabost) is a village on the Isle of Lewis in the district of Ness, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The name Swainbost meaning Sweins steading is of Viking derivation. The settlement is situated in the parish of Barvas. According to Ronald Black, Swainbost was re-settled during the Highland Clearances in 1842. The island's Anglo-Scottish landlord had expected the crofters evicted from Uig to emigrate and only reluctantly granted them land at Swainbost to avert the threat of violence.

At the shore, there is a large depression called Suaineabost Sands which displays glacier activities and is run through by a river.

Barvas
Barvas (Scottish Gaelic: Barabhas or Barbhas, pronounced [baravəs]) is a settlement, community and civil parish on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. It developed around a road junction. The A857 and A858 meet at the southern end of Barvas. North is the road to Ness; west takes the traveller to Carloway and the West Side; south runs the road to Stornoway. According to the 2011 Census it still had the highest concentration of Scottish Gaelic speakers in Scotland (64% of the population) with 2,037. This fell to 55% in 2022.
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is a rare cardiac arrhythmia. It is a supraventricular tachycardia, and a cause of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). PJRT can cause chronic tachycardia that, untreated, leads to cardiomyopathy. The cause is an accessory pathway in the heart which conducts from the ventricles back to the atria. Unlike the accessory pathway in a more common cause of AVRT, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, the accessory pathway in PJRT conducts slowly. This means that the associated tachycardia may be subclinical and only diagnosed at a late stage, after significant damage to the heart has been caused from prolonged and recurrent episodes of AVRT. While PJRT generally presents itself in infants, and often immediately after birth, few adults can suffer from a sudden onset of PJRT in which the degrading accessory pathway can more often than not be in a non-posteroseptal site.

Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).
The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century
The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century is a New York Times best-selling book written by two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning author Steve Coll in 2008. The book illustrates the story of the Bin Laden family's rise to power and privilege, with Coll's journalistic investigation revealing how American influences affected the family and how one member, Osama bin Laden, led a rebellion that changed the United States of America.

Bin Laden family
The bin Laden family (Arabic: عائلة بن لادن, romanized: ʿāʾila bin Lādin), also spelled bin Ladin, is a wealthy Saudi Arabian family intimately connected with the innermost circles of the Saudi royal family. It is the namesake and controlling shareholder of the Saudi Binladin Group, a multinational construction firm. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the family became the subject of media attention and scrutiny due to the activities of Osama bin Laden, the former head of al-Qaeda; they had publicly disowned him in 1994.
Do not call list
A do not call list or do not call registry is a list of personal phone numbers that are off-limits to telemarketers in some countries. 
Do not call lists may also be held privately by a company, listing numbers that they will not call.

Telemarketing
Telemarketing (sometimes known as inside sales, or telesales in the UK and Ireland) is a method of direct marketing in which a salesperson solicits prospective customers to buy products, subscriptions or services, either over the phone or through a subsequent face to face or web conferencing appointment scheduled during the call. Telemarketing can also include recorded sales pitches programmed to be played over the phone via automatic dialing.

Telemarketing refers to the practice of contacting, qualifying, and soliciting prospective customers through telecommunications technologies, including telephone, fax, and internet communications. It does not encompass direct mail marketing.
Anees (musician)
Anees Mokhiber (Arabic: أنيس مخيبر, born July 30, 1992), known mononymously as Anees (stylized in small caps), is a Palestinian-American singer, rapper, and songwriter known for his hit song, "Sun and Moon", becoming the first international artist to top Billboard Philippines Songs chart.

Freestyle rap
Freestyle rap, also simply known as freestyle, is a style of hip-hop music where an artist normally improvises an unwritten verse from the head, with or without instrumental beats, in which lyrics are recited with no particular subject or structure. It is similar to other improvisational music, such as jazz, where a lead instrumentalist acts as an improviser with a supporting band providing a beat. Freestyle originally was simply verse that is free of style, written rhymes that do not follow a specific subject matter, or predetermined cadence. The newer style with the improvisation grew popular starting in the early 1990s. It is now mainly associated with hip hop.
1st Provisional Air Brigade
The 1st Provisional Air Brigade was a temporary unit of the United States Army Air Service, commanded by Col. Billy Mitchell, operating out of Langley Field, Virginia, that was used in Project B to demonstrate the vulnerability of ships to aerial attack when, in July 1921, the "unsinkable" German dreadnought SMS Ostfriesland was sent to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean by bombardment. Other targets included the German destroyer SMS G-102, the SMS Frankfurt, and the USS Iowa.

Martin NBS-1
The Martin NBS-1 was a military aircraft of the United States Army Air Service and its successor, the Army Air Corps. An improved version of the Martin MB-1, a scout-bomber built during the final months of World War I, the NBS-1 was ordered under the designation MB-2 and is often referred to as such. The designation NBS-1, standing for "Night Bomber-Short Range", was adopted by the Air Service after the first five of the Martin bombers were delivered.

The NBS-1 became the standard frontline bomber of the Air Service in 1920 and remained so until its replacement in 1928–1929 by the Keystone Aircraft series of bombers. The basic MB-2 design was also the standard against which prospective U.S. Army bombers were judged until the production of the Martin B-10 in 1933.