hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HD 54475
HD 54475, also known as D Puppis, is a B-type star and a pulsating variable in the constellation of Puppis. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.783, which is enough to be visible to the unaided eye. The distance to D Puppis, based on a parallax of 4.53±0.06 mas from the Gaia satellite, is 720 light-years.

Puppis
Puppis ("stern") is a constellation in the southern sky. It was originally part of the traditional constellation of Argo Navis (Argo is the ship of Jason and the Argonauts), which was divided into three parts, the other two being Carina (the keel and hull), and Vela (the sails). Puppis is the largest of the three constellations in square degrees. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Dimitar Kuzmanov
Dimitar Kuzmanov (Bulgarian: Димитър Кузманов, pronounced [diˈmitɐr ˈkuzmɐnɔf] ⓘ; nickname: Miko; born 28 July 1993) is a Bulgarian professional tennis player who competes on the ATP Challenger Tour. His career-high singles ranking is No. 159 achieved on 29 August 2022 and his best doubles ranking is No. 438 achieved on 1 April 2019.

ITF junior circuit
The ITF junior circuit is the premier level for worldwide competition among under-18 junior tennis players, organized by the International Tennis Federation. Founded in 1977 with only nine tournaments, the 2011 ITF Junior Circuit offered over 350 tournaments in 118 countries. Mirroring the ATP and WTA circuits, the ITF junior circuit ranks players and crowns a year-end world champion.
Sahel Alliance
The Sahel Alliance is an international cooperation platform to support development initiatives in the Sahel countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Chad).

Since its launch in July 2017, the African Development Bank, Canada, Denmark, the European Investment Bank, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, United Nations, the United States, and the West African Development Bank have joined the initiative as full members.

West African Development Bank
The West African Development Bank - WADB (fr. Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement - BOAD / pt. Banco de Desenvolvimento do Oeste Africano - BDOA) was established in 1973 to serve the nations of Francophone and Lusophone West Africa.  The BOAD is organised by the Central Bank of West African States and its eight member governments: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.  It is funded by member states, foreign governments and international agencies.  Its headquarters are in Lomé, Togo.
Nicetas Stylites
Nicetas (Nikita) Stylites was a 12th-century monk living in Kievan Rus' who founded the Monastery of St. Nicetas on the eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo in Zalesye. He was later canonized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Nikita led a dissolute life in his youth.  However, upon entering a church on a certain occasion he heard the words of the Prophet Isaiah (1:16) 'Wash you (of your sins), make you clean;' with this a profound conversion was effected in his soul.

Thus converted Nikita left all he possessed and entered upon the ascetic life near Pereyaslavl.  His discipline led him to bind himself in chains and enclose himself within a pillar, thus the title 'stylite'.  He became well known as a healer.

Nikita Stylites was killed on May 16, 1186 during a robbery, the thieves having believed the hermit to have been bound by silver chains.

Nikita is commemorated May 24 by the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Stylite
A stylite (Ancient Greek: στυλίτης (stylitēs) "pillar dweller", derived from στῦλος (stȳlos) "pillar" and Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܘܢܝܐ (astˁonāyā)) or pillar-saint is a type of Christian ascetic who lives on pillars, preaching, fasting and praying. Stylites believe that the mortification of their bodies would help ensure the salvation of their souls. Stylites were common in the early days of the Byzantine Empire. The first known stylite was Simeon Stylites the Elder who climbed a pillar in Syria in 423 CE and remained there until his death 36 years later.
Linear classifier
In machine learning, a linear classifier makes a classification decision for each object based on a linear combination of its features.  A simpler definition is to say that a linear classifier is one whose decision boundaries are linear.  Such classifiers work well for practical problems such as document classification, and more generally for problems with many variables (features), reaching accuracy levels comparable to non-linear classifiers while taking less time to train and use.

Supervised learning
In machine learning, supervised learning (SL) is a type of machine learning paradigm where an algorithm learns to map input data to a specific output based on example input-output pairs. This process involves training a statistical model using labeled data, meaning each piece of input data is provided with the correct output. For instance, if you want a model to identify cats in images, supervised learning would involve feeding it many images of cats (inputs) that are explicitly labeled "cat" (outputs).

The goal of supervised learning is for the trained model to accurately predict the output for new, unseen data. This requires the algorithm to effectively generalize from the training examples, a quality measured by its generalization error. Supervised learning is commonly used for tasks like classification (predicting a category, e.g., spam or not spam) and regression (predicting a continuous value, e.g., house prices).
Cerro Beltrán
Cerro Beltrán is an andesitic-dacitic volcano in the Andes. It erupted andesitic-dacitic lava flows between 14.1 and 7.7 mya. Based on geochemical considerations, the volcano formed from granite and plagioclase bearing, 33–40 kilometres (21–25 mi) thick crust. Part of the volcano was later covered by ignimbrites coming from the Galán caldera eruption.

The volcano is located next to the Salar de Antofalla. It is one of the large long-lived volcanoes forming the Archibarca-Galan volcanic alignment, along with Tebenquicho, Galán and Antofalla.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
1990 French Open – Women's singles
Monica Seles defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1990 French Open. Aged 16 years, 6 months and 5 days, she became the youngest major singles champion in the Open Era at the time, and remains the youngest French Open champion in history. It was Graf’s 13th consecutive major final (dating to the 1987 French Open), an Open Era record.

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario was the defending champion, but she lost in the second round to Mercedes Paz. Between 1987 and 2000, this would be the only time she lost before the quarterfinals.

This tournament marked the major debut for future world No. 1, Olympic gold medalist, three-time major champion, and future French Open champion Jennifer Capriati. Aged 14 years, 2 months and 9 days only, she became the youngest tennis player ever to reach the French Open semifinals and, following the tournament, the youngest-ever player to be ranked in the top ten.

1987 French Open – Women's singles
Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 4–6, 8–6 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1987 French Open. It was her first major singles title, and the first of an eventual 22 such titles.

Chris Evert was the two-time defending champion, but was defeated by Navratilova in the semifinals in a rematch of the previous three years' finals.

This tournament marked the major debut for future world No. 1 and French Open champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario.
Șieuț
Șieuț (Hungarian: Kissajó; German: Kleinschogen) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Lunca (formerly Friș; Friss), Ruștior (Sajósebes), Sebiș (Sajófelsősebes), and Șieuț.

The commune is located in the southeastern part of Bistrița-Năsăud County, 26 km (16 mi) from the county seat, Bistrița, on the border with Mureș County. The Șieuț train station serves the CFR Line 400, which runs from Brașov to Satu Mare.

Bistrița
Bistrița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbistritsa] ⓘ; German: Bistritz, archaic Nösen; Transylvanian Saxon: Bästerts; Hungarian: Beszterce) is the capital city of Bistrița-Năsăud County, in northern Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistrița River. The city has a population of 78,877 inhabitants as of 2021 and administers six villages: Ghinda (Windau; Vinda), Sărata (Salz; Sófalva), Sigmir (Schönbirk; Szépnyír), Slătinița (Pintak; Pinták), Unirea (until 1950 Aldorf; Wallendorf; Aldorf) and Viișoara (Heidendorf; Besenyő). There is a project for the creation of a metropolitan area that will contain the municipality of Bistrița and 3 surrounding localities (Șieu-Măgheruș, Budacu de Jos, and Livezile), whose combined population would be over 91,600 inhabitants.
Crystal Lake (New Rochelle, New York)
Crystal Lake (also known Jefferd-Leisler Mill Pond and Ice Pond) was located in the village of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. It originally supplied early colonial mills with water power. It was fed by Stephenson Brook, which rises just north of Paine Lake and drains the large watershed adjacent to North Avenue from beyond Quaker Ridge Road.

The lake appears to have existed as a natural sheet of water, near the end of the brook. It had two outlets into Long Island Sound, one at the present Stephenson Boulevard, and the other at the east side of Lispenard Avenue. These outlets had an abrupt fall in the few yards between the lake's south edge and the Long Island Sound shore, of approximately 20–25 ft (6.1–7.6 m). This was the greatest natural fall of any stream emptying into the Sound between New York City and Connecticut. From very early, the value of it for water power was recognized.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Sacroiliac joint
The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine  and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. The joint is strong,  supporting the entire weight of the upper body.  It is a synovial plane joint with irregular elevations and depressions that produce interlocking of the two bones. The human body has two sacroiliac joints, one on the left and one on the right, that often match each other but are highly variable from person to person.

Plane joint
A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement.

Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.  The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. Based only on their shape, plane joints can allow multiple movements, including rotation. Thus plane joints can be functionally classified as multiaxial joints. Plane joints are numerous and are nearly always small, such as the acromioclavicular joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle. Typically, they are found in the wrists, ankles, the 2nd through 7th sternocostal joints, vertebral transverse and spinous processes.
Moga, Punjab
Moga is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It was made a part and headquarters of the Moga district (the 17th District in the state) on 24 November 1995, by the then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before becoming a district, Moga was a part of Faridkot district as a tehsil. Moga is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.

Chowdhury
Chowdhury, Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhury, Chaudhri, Chaudhury, Chaudhry, or Chaudhary, is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associated with zamindars and social leaders. The common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.
SpaceX Crew-6
SpaceX Crew-6 was the sixth crewed operational NASA Commercial Crew flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft, and the ninth overall crewed orbital flight. The mission launched on 2 March 2023 at 05:34:14 UTC, and it successfully docked to the International Space Station (ISS) on 3 March 2023 at 06:40 UTC. The Crew-6 mission transported four crew members to the International Space Station (ISS). Two NASA astronauts, a United Arab Emirates astronaut, and a Russian cosmonaut were assigned to the mission. The two NASA astronauts are Stephen Bowen and Warren Hoburg. The cosmonaut, Andrey Fedyaev, was reassigned from Soyuz MS-23. Sultan Al Neyadi was the commander of the United Arab Emirates' mission on the flight.

Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre
The Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC, Arabic: مركز محمد بن راشد للفضاء, romanized: markaz Muḥammad bin Rāshid lil-faḍāʾ) is a Dubai Government organization working on the UAE space program, which includes various space satellites projects, such as the Emirates Mars Mission, the Emirates Lunar Mission, and the UAE astronaut program. The center actively works to promote space science and research in the region and encompasses the Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST).
Planica 1987
Planica 1987 was a two-day ski flying competition part of 1986/87 World Cup season, held from 14 to 15 March 1987 in Planica, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Circa 100,000 people in total has gathered in three days.

1986–87 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup
The 1986–87 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup was the 8th World Cup season in ski jumping.

Season began in Thunder Bay, Canada on 6 December 1986 and was finished in Oslo, Norway on 21 March 1987. The individual World Cup winner was Norwegian ski jumper Vegard Opaas (first for his country) and Nations Cup was taken by Team of Austria.

22 men's individual events on 15 different venues in 12 countries were held on three different continents (Europe, Asia and North America). One competition was cancelled this season in Oberhof due to strong wind and freezing cold weather.

Peaks of the season were Nordic World Ski Championships, 4H Tournament and K.O.P.

On 14 March 1987 in Planica, polish Piotr Fijas improved the world record on 194 metres (636 ft). But FIS didn't recognize distances longer than 191 metres at that time.
Football cup competitions in Zambia
According to records from the RSSSF, there were many association football cup competitions organized in Zambia since 1962, some of which are the Independence Cup, the Zambian Challenge Cup (both organized in 1961), the Champion of Champions Cup (organized in 1974) and Zambian Coca-Cola Cup, the latter which began in 2001. These competitions are either inactive or were played no more as of 2009.

Zambia Independence Act 1964
The Zambia Independence Act 1964 (c. 65) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which granted independence to Zambia (formerly the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia) with effect from 24 October 1964.  It also provided for the continuation of a right of appeal from Zambia to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. It was introduced by Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations.
NGC 4586
NGC 4586 is a spiral galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786. Although listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog, NGC 4586 is considered to be a member of the Virgo II Groups which form a southern extension of the Virgo cluster. NGC 4586 is currently in the process of infalling into the Virgo Cluster and is predicted to enter the cluster in about 500 million years.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Rawlins Residential Historic District
The Rawlins Residential Historic District abuts the north and east sides of the commercial district of Rawlins, Wyoming. United States. The area covers 15 blocks of small houses built between 1880 and 1915 in a variety of styles. The area was part of Union Pacific Railway property that was incorporated into Rawlins. One defining feature of the houses is a consistent use of locally quarried stone in foundations and landscape walls. Apart from the houses, St. Joseph's Catholic Church is also within the district. Styles include Queen Anne, cottage and bungalow style architecture.

George Ferris built a Queen Anne style mansion at 607 West Maple with the proceeds of his mining venture at the Ferris-Haggerty Mine, listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. A number of sheep growers and bankers built houses in the district.

The Rawlins Residential Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1999.

Rawlins, Wyoming
Rawlins is a city in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 8,221 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Carbon County. It was named for Union General John Aaron Rawlins, who camped in the locality in 1867.
James Sookias
James Hovannes Sookias (born 7 May 1999) is an English first-class cricketer.
Born at Solihull in May 1999, Sookias was educated at Repton School, before attending the University of Durham. While studying at Durham, Sookias made his debut in first-class cricket in April 2018 for Durham MCCU against Warwickshire at Edgbaston. Playing as a wicket-keeper, he took three catches in the match. He made his debut in minor counties cricket for Staffordshire in the 2018 Minor Counties Championship.

Sookias made his second appearance in first-class cricket in April 2019 against Durham CCC at the Emirates Riverside.

Repton School
Repton School is a 13–18 co-educational, private, boarding and day school in the public school tradition, in Repton, Derbyshire, England.

Sir John Port of Etwall, on his death in 1557, left funds to create a grammar school which was then established at the Repton Priory. For its first 400 years, the school accepted only boys; girls were admitted from the 1970s, and the school was fully co-educational by the 1990s.

Notable alumni, also known as "Old Reptonians", include C. B. Fry, Harold Abrahams, Christopher Isherwood, Jeremy Clarkson, Andy Wilman, Roald Dahl, Adrian Newey and Archbishop Lord Ramsey of Canterbury.
Spartak Stadium (Bobruisk)
Spartak Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Bobruisk, Belarus. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Belshina Bobruisk as well as women's team Bobruichanka Bobruisk. The stadium holds 3,700 people.

The stadium was opened in April 1934 and reconstructed in 2004 and 2006 to get a modern look and bigger capacity.

53°8′25″N 29°13′2″E﻿ / ﻿53.14028°N 29.21722°E﻿ / 53.14028; 29.21722

FC Belshina Bobruisk
FC Belshina Bobruisk (Belarusian: ФК "Белшына Бабруйск", FK Belshyna Babruisk) is a Belarusian football club based in Bobruisk. The team has won one Belarusian Premier League title, as well as 3 Belarusian Cup titles.
Jack B. Newton
John Borden "Jack" Newton (13 August 1942 – 11 November 2025) was a Canadian astronomer, known for his publications and images in amateur astrophotography, and for his outreach to educate the public about astronomy.

Newton is credited with invention of "cold camera" astrophotography, which enabled enhanced images of galaxies, the Sun, and other astronomical objects taken from a ground-based, amateur-level telescope.

His expert astrophotographs were exhibited by publication of six books and articles in astronomy, scientific, and popular magazines, and in public presentations. For his contributions to science and astronomy education over decades, Newton received national and regional astronomy awards in Canada, the United States, and England.

With his wife, Alice, Jack Newton was devoted to preserving dark skies to reveal unique celestial objects to the public.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Deflection (physics)
Deflection is a change in a moving object's velocity, hence its trajectory, as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a non-contact force field. Examples of the former include a ball bouncing off the ground or a bat; examples of the latter include a beam of electrons used to produce a picture, quantum deflection, or the relativistic bending of light due to gravity.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.