hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 World Para Swimming European Championships – Men's 100 metres breaststroke
The men's 100 metres breaststroke at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships was held at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin from 13 to 19 August.  Ten classification finals were held in all over this event.

2018 World Para Swimming European Championships
The 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2018 World Para Swimming Allianz European Championships took place in Dublin, Ireland from 13 to 19 August 2018. It was the 5th edition of the Championships, the first under the new World Para Swimming branding, and the first time Ireland had hosted. Ukraine topped the medal table for the fourth time in a row.

Formerly the IPC Swimming European Championships, this was the first edition of the championships since IPC undertook a rebrand of all sports for which they are the governing body, including the 'World Para' title for the committees running each sport. IPC Swimming was rebranded World Para Swimming in 2016; its first World Para Swimming Championships were held in 2017, and the European Championships followed suit in 2018.
Gale Banks
Gale Banks (born August 23, 1942) is an American hot rodder, drag racer, engineer, and entrepreneur who grew up in Lynwood, California.  
His company, Gale Banks Engineering, sells performance parts for automotive and marine engines. It specializes in diesel engines, and high end cutting-edge equipment, performance parts, and auxiliaries. The company has approximately 100+ employees.

Bonneville Salt Flats
The Bonneville Salt Flats are a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah, United States. A remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of the Great Salt Lake. It is public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and is known for land speed records at the Bonneville Speedway. The Flats are open to the public.

The Flats are about 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, with a crust almost 5 ft (1.5m) thick at the center and less than one inch (2.5 cm) towards the edges. It is estimated to hold 147 million tons of salt, about 90% of which is common table salt.
Peratata
Peratata (Greek: Περατάτα) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Leivatho, in the southern part of the island of Cephalonia, Greece. It is situated at the foot of a hill, which is crowned by the Agios Georgios fortress. The community consists of the villages Peratata and Kastro. The western part of Peratata is referred to as Travliata. Peratata is 2 km north of Kerameies, 3 km south of Troianata, 8 km southeast of Argostoli and 19 km west of Poros. The road from Argostoli to Poros and Skala passes through the village.

The Agios Georgios fortress on the hill north of Peratata dates from the 12th century, but the present structure was built by Venetians in the 16th century. It was the capital of the island until 1757. The fortress covers an area of 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft), and the perimeter of its walls is 600 m. The 1953 Ionian earthquake caused great damage in Peratata.

Argostoli
Argostoli (Greek: Αργοστόλι, romanized: Argostóli, Katharevousa: Ἀργοστόλιον, romanized: Argostólion) is a town and a municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is one of the three municipalities on the island. It has been the capital and administrative centre of Kefalonia since 1757, following a population shift down from the old capital of Agios Georgios, also known as Kastro, to take advantage of the trading opportunities provided by the sheltered bay upon which Argostoli sits.

Argostoli developed into one of the busiest ports in Greece, leading to prosperity and growth. The municipality has an area of 377.0 km2 and the municipal unit (the pre-2010 municipality) has an area of 157.670 km2. The 2021 census recorded a population of 13,666 in the Argostoli municipal unit, and 23,574 in the municipality in its post-2019 extension.
Plectostoma sciaphilum
Plectostoma sciaphilum is an extinct species of land snail in the family Diplommatinidae. This species was originally found on a single limestone karst at Bukit Panching (3°53'28"N, 103°8'26"E), in Peninsular Malaysia. This species was last observed around 2003 before quarrying destroyed its only known habitat. Plectostoma species are allopatric, found in dozens of isolated karst hills where few species occur, meaning that limited gene flow exists and only negligible hybridization occurs. Shell is distinctly convex, tuba shape similar to that of Plectostoma senex and P. turriforme, but this species lacks basal constriction teeth. Additionally, studies show that Plectostoma species evolved unique shell traits—like dense ribs and thicker walls—as defenses against predators, indicating a complex evolutionary adaptation within this genus.
Shell height: 2.6–2.9 mm, width: 1.5–1.6 mm

Diplommatinidae
Diplommatinidae is a family of small land snails, also known as staircase snails, with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks  in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The Cochlostomatinae Kobelt, 1902, were previously considered a subfamily of the Diplommatinidae, but are now known to be a separate family.
Ganmain
Ganmain is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.  Ganmain is located around 55 kilometres (34 mi) north west of Wagga Wagga, and 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Narrandera. Ganmain is in the Coolamon Shire local government area and at the 2021 census had a population of 793.

Narrandera
Narrandera (/nəˈrændərə/ nə-RAN-dər-ə; wiradjuri: Narrangdhuray), until around 1949 also spelled "Narandera", is a town located in the central Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. The town lies on the junction of the Newell and Sturt highways, adjacent to the Murrumbidgee River, and it is considered the gateway to the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. At the 2021 census, Narrandera had a population of 3,783.
NZR UD class
The NZR UD class was a class of two 4-6-0 steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1904 for the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company. When that company was nationalised in 1908, they passed into the ownership of the New Zealand Railways and received the designation UD.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Echis hughesi
Echis hughesi, also known commonly as Hughes' carpet viper, the Somali carpet viper, and Hughes' saw-scaled viper, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to Somalia. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.

Viperinae
Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera are recognized. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, Vipera berus, even occurs within the Arctic Circle. Like all vipers, they are venomous.

The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "Old World vipers", and "true adders" all refer to this group.
1339 Désagneauxa
1339 Désagneauxa, provisional designation 1934 XB, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 December 1934, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the North African Algiers Observatory in Algeria. A few nights later, the asteroid was independently discovered by astronomers Grigory Neujmin and Eugène Delporte, at the Crimean Simeiz and Belgian Uccle Observatory, respectively. It was later named after discoverer's brother-in-law.

Louis Boyer (astronomer)
Louis Boyer (1901–1999) was a French astronomer who worked at the Algiers Observatory, North Africa, where he discovered 40 asteroids between 1930 and 1952.

In the 1950s and 1960s. he worked on identifications of small Solar System bodies at Nice Observatory in southeastern France. The asteroid 1215 Boyer, discovered by his colleague Alfred Schmitt at Algiers in 1932, was named after him. In turn Boyer named the 1617 Alschmitt asteroid in honor of Schmitt.

Boyer also named 1713 Bancilhon after Odette Bancilhon his colleague and wife of astronomer Alfred Schmitt.
Glossary of Japanese theater
This glossary gives a general overview of terms related to the Japanese theater, performing arts, and dances. A concise description is given for each term; more details are given in their respective articles. The glossary does not include personalia and plays. For rarer terms not found in this glossary, see #Bibliography.

Gigaku
Gigaku (伎楽), also known as kure-gaku (呉楽), refers to a genre of masked drama-dance performance, imported into Japan during the Asuka period. This form of masked dance drama declined by the Kamakura period and became essentially extinct, although there are modern attempts at revival. It had influences on a number of Japanese performance arts such as Noh, bugaku, and kyōgen theatres and shishimai performances.
Hydroxylation of estradiol
The hydroxylation of estradiol is one of the major routes of metabolism of the estrogen steroid hormone estradiol. It is hydroxylated into the catechol estrogens 2-hydroxyestradiol and 4-hydroxyestradiol and into estriol (16α-hydroxyestradiol), reactions which are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes predominantly in the liver, but also in various other tissues.

4-Hydroxyestradiol
4-Hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,4,17β-triol, is an endogenous, naturally occurring catechol estrogen and a minor metabolite of estradiol. It is estrogenic, similarly to many other hydroxylated estrogen metabolites such as 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, estriol (16α-hydroxyestradiol), and 4-hydroxyestrone but unlike 2-hydroxyestrone.
The Shakespeare Stealer
The Shakespeare Stealer is a 1998 historical fiction novel by Gary Blackwood. Taking place in the Elizabethan-era England, it recounts the story of Widge, an orphan whose master sends him to steal Hamlet from The Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was an ALA Notable Children's Book in 1999. Blackwood published two sequels, Shakespeare's Scribe (2000) and Shakespeare's Spy (2003).

Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the  London theatre closures of 1642. As well as plays by Shakespeare, early works by Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker and John Fletcher were first performed here.

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre.
Ernest C. Pasour
E. C. Pasour, Jr. (born 1932) is an American economist and Professor Emeritus of Agricultural and Resource Economics at North Carolina State University. He received a PhD in agricultural economics from Michigan State University and spent a sabbatical at the University of Chicago on a NSF Fellowship.

He is the author of books oriented towards the Austrian school of economics.

He received a Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge Leavey Award for Excellence in Private Enterprise Education.

Reason (magazine)
Reason is an American libertarian monthly magazine published by the Reason Foundation. As of 2024, the magazine has a circulation of about 50,000 (print and online), reaching nearly two million social media followers.
Rikiya Koyama
Rikiya Koyama (小山 力也, Koyama Rikiya; born December 18, 1963) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator currently affiliated with Haiyuza Theatre Company. He has done popular voicing roles in Hajime no Ippo, Utawarerumono, Kamen no Maid Guy and Yakuza, and has become well known for voicing Yamato in Naruto Shippuden, Ging Freecss in Hunter X Hunter and Kogoro Mouri (second voice, 2009–present) in Case Closed. In addition, he is known for voicing rather tall or massive inhuman villains like Coyote Starrk in Bleach, Fukuro in Fairy Tail and Deep Sea King in One Punch Man. He is the official dub-over artist of George Clooney, Kiefer Sutherland, Dwayne Johnson and Ma Dong-seok. In addition, he dubbed many roles of Denzel Washington, Keanu Reeves and Guy Pearce.

Disney Twisted-Wonderland
Disney Twisted-Wonderland (ディズニー ツイステッドワンダーランド, Dizunī Tsuisuteddo Wandārando) is a Japanese mobile game created by Aniplex and Walt Disney Japan. Yana Toboso, creator of Black Butler, is in charge of the original plan, main script, and character designs, which are inspired by Disney villains from various franchises. The game was first launched in Japan on March 18, 2020. An English localization was released on January 20, 2022, in the United States and Canada.
China Railways SL5
The China Railways SL5 (勝利5, Shènglì, "victory")  steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 "Pacific" type passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway in 1927 and 1928.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
Mevik Chapel
Mevik Chapel (Norwegian: Mevik kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Gildeskål Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Mevik. It is an annex chapel in the Gildeskål parish which is part of the Bodø domprosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1910. The chapel seats about 240 people. The building was renovated in 1957.

Gildeskål Municipality
Gildeskål is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Bodø Region and the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Inndyr. Other villages include Forstranda, Lekanger, Mevik, Mårnes, Nygårdsjøen, Saura, Storvik, Sør-Arnøy, Sørfinnset, and Våg.

The 665-square-kilometre (257 sq mi) municipality is the 170th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gildeskål Municipality is the 285th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,958. The municipality's population density is 2.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.2% over the previous 10-year period.
2015 New Mexico Bowl
The 2015 New Mexico Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on December 19, 2015 at University Stadium in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The tenth annual New Mexico Bowl, it pitted the University of New Mexico Lobos of the Mountain West Conference against the University of Arizona Wildcats of the Pac-12 Conference. It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season. The game started at 12:20 p.m. MST and aired on ESPN. Sponsored by clothing company Gildan Activewear, the game was officially known as the Gildan New Mexico Bowl.

New Mexico Bowl
The New Mexico Bowl is an NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game that has been played annually since 2006 at University Stadium, on the campus of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Owned and operated by ESPN Events, it has typically been scheduled as one of the first games of the bowl season. The bowl has tie-ins with Conference USA and the Mountain West Conference.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 New Mexico Bowl was moved to Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas.
Lex Luthor in other media
Lex Luthor is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. As Superman's archenemy, he has been portrayed in almost every Superman media franchise and adaptation.

Lex Luthor is a major character within the Superman mythos and has appeared in many of Superman's adaptations into other media. The character is originally depicted as a mad scientist and later depicted as a wealthy, power-mad American business magnate running the technology company LexCorp which is based in the city of Metropolis. His portrayal in feature films ranges from being a vain criminal interested in real estate development to that of a genius who heads LexCorp.

Legion of Super Heroes (TV series)
Legion of Super Heroes is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, adapted from the DC Comics series of the same name. It debuted on September 23, 2006, and centers on a young Superman's adventures in the 31st century, fighting alongside the eponymous group of superheroes. The show was produced by one of its main character designers James Tucker, a co-producer of the Justice League Unlimited series, for the Kids' WB line-up on The CW network.

The series drew on the rich history of the Legion of Super-Heroes, taking inspiration from stories set during all time periods of the team's nearly 50-year history in comics. It also had a tie-in spin-off comic book series, Legion of Super-Heroes in the 31st Century, that lasted 20 issues.

The series was cancelled after its second season.
Military government
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t

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A military government is any government that is administered by a military, whether or not this government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue or by an occupying power. It is usually administered by military personnel.

Types of military government include:

Military occupation of acquired foreign territory and the administration thereof

Martial law, temporary military rule of domestic territory

Military dictatorship, an authoritarian government controlled by a military and its political designees, called a military junta when done extralegally

Military junta, a government led by a committee of military leaders

Stratocracy, a government traditionally or constitutionally run by a military

Military democracy, a war-based society that practices democracy. With an elected and removable general as supreme chief, a council of elders and a popular assembly.

Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a type of dictatorship where supreme power is held and exercised by the armed forces. Military dictatorships are usually led by the commander-in-chief of the military or the leading figure in military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or by the empowerment of the military through a popular uprising in times of domestic unrest or instability. The military nominally seeks power to restore order or fight corruption, but the personal motivations of military officers will vary.

Modern military dictatorship developed in Latin America during the 19th century, and it expanded in Europe during the early-20th century. It saw a resurgence during the Cold War, and new military dictatorships were established in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the 1960s. Some scholars have asserted that the number of military dictatorships has declined since the end of the Cold War.
MIX (Microsoft)
MIX was a Microsoft conference held annually for Web developers and designers at which Microsoft showcased upcoming web technologies. The conference was held each spring at the Venetian Hotel in Las Vegas. Unlike many of Microsoft's technical conference, MIX has been promoted more heavily to designers by inviting popular speakers from other popular web design conferences, such as SXSW, and has sponsored a CSS design contest each year to promote the conference. Microsoft has also used this conference as an opportunity to promote new web design and development tools such as Silverlight and Microsoft Expression Studio.

On January 24, 2012, the official Microsoft blog stated that there will be no MIX 2012. MIX was replaced by Build later that year.

Internet Explorer 8
Internet Explorer 8 or IE8 (officially Windows Internet Explorer 8) is a major version of the Internet Explorer web browser for Windows released by Microsoft on March 19, 2009 and is the successor to Internet Explorer 7. It was the default browser on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.

It is the first version of Internet Explorer to pass the Acid2 test, the last of the major browsers to do so. (In the later Acid3 Test, it only scores 24/100.) It is the last version of Internet Explorer to support Windows XP across all editions, Windows Vista RTM–SP1, and Windows Server 2008 RTM, as well as Itanium-based processors. Additionally, it introduced a Compatibility View mode to optionally emulate older versions' rendering behavior, and color-coded tab groups where links opened in new tabs share the color of the website they originated from. According to Microsoft, security, ease of use, and improvements in RSS, CSS, and Ajax support were its priorities for IE8.
Nankai earthquakes
The Nankai earthquakes (南海地震, Nankai jishin) are major megathrust earthquakes that affect the Nankaidō (Southern Sea Circuit) region of Japan, west of the Tōnankai region (Southeastern Sea) and Tōkai region (Eastern Sea), and are caused by ruptures in the Nankai zone of the Nankai megathrust, specifically segments A and/or B. They occur with a return period of 100 to 200 years, and there is a high probability of one in the 21st century, as the most recent was the 1946 Nankaidō earthquake. These have high destructive potential, and thus are a focus of earthquake preparation.These are a class of Nankai megathrust earthquakes, frequently occurring in combination with, or following, a rupture of segments C and/or D (Tōnankai zone, yielding Tōnankai earthquakes) and sometimes segment E (Tōkai zone, yielding Tōkai earthquakes). They are also known as Nankaidō earthquakes (南海道地震, Nankaidō jishin).

Nankaidō
Nankaidō (南海道, Japanese pronunciation: [naŋ.kaꜜi.doː], lit. 'Southern Sea Circuit') is a Japanese geographical term. It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. The road connected provincial capitals in this region. It was part of the Gokishichidō system.

The Nankaidō encompassed the pre-Meiji provincial lands of Kii and Awaji, plus the four provinces that made up the island of Shikoku: Awa, Sanuki, Tosa, and Iyo.

The road extended from Nara to the seacoast to the south on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshū in Japan and crossing the sea, extended to Yura (nowadays Sumoto) and then Shikoku.