hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spencer Heath
Spencer Heath (January 3, 1876, Vienna, Virginia – October 6, 1963, Leesburg, Virginia) was an American engineer, attorney, inventor, manufacturer, horticulturist, poet, philosopher of science and social thinker. A dissenter from the prevailing Georgist views, he pioneered the theory of proprietary governance and community in his book Citadel, Market and Altar. His grandson, Spencer Heath MacCallum, popularized and expounded on his ideas, most notably in his book The Art of  Community.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Methiini
Methiini is an obsolete tribe of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, now placed in the Xystrocerini.

It contained the following genera:

Coleomethia

Cyanomethia

Methia

Methicula

Paratessaropa

Pseudomethia

Styloxus

Tessaropa

Tessaropa
Tessaropa is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

Tessaropa boliviana Martins & Galileo, 2006

Tessaropa carioca Martins, 1981

Tessaropa elongata Galileo & Martins, 2009

Tessaropa guanabarina Martins, 1981

Tessaropa hispaniolae Lingafelter, 2010

Tessaropa luctuosa Zayas, 1975

Tessaropa mineira Martins, 1981

Tessaropa tenuipes (Haldeman, 1846)
NGC 6248
NGC 6248 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco. It was discovered on August 11, 1885 by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift. The galaxy is located approximately 52 million light years away from earth with an approximate diameter of 47,000 light-years.

Draco (constellation)
Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. The north pole of the ecliptic is in Draco. Draco is circumpolar from northern latitudes, meaning that it never sets and can be seen at any time of year.
LEEP Online Education
LEEP Online Education is a distance learning program offered by the University of Illinois School of Information Sciences (formerly GSLIS [Graduate School of Library and Information Science])

The LEEP program provides students who are not able to relocate to the Urbana-Champaign area a means to attend the university's ALA-accredited Master of Library and Information Science, Master of Information Science or Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS) program. The program, and the iSchool overall, is ranked #1 by U.S. News & World Report.

School of Information Sciences (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)
The School of Information Sciences is an undergraduate and graduate school at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Its Master of Science in Library and Information Science is currently accredited by the American Library Association. The school is a charter member of the iSchool initiative.
Evergreen Cemetery (Adams County, Pennsylvania)
Evergreen Cemetery – formerly called Citizen's Cemetery and Ever Green Cemetery – is a historic 29.12 acre rural cemetery located just outside Gettysburg Borough, in Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District, and is surrounded by Gettysburg National Military Park and Soldiers' National Cemetery.

The cemetery played a strategic role in the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg. Four months after the battle, at the dedication of the immediately-adjacent National Cemetery, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his "Gettysburg Address" from a platform in Evergreen Cemetery.

Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District
The Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District is a district of contributing properties and over 1000 historic contributing structures and 315 historic buildings, located in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1975. Most of the contributing elements of the Gettysburg Battlefield are on the protected federal property within the smaller Gettysburg National Military Park.

Historic structures include the Battle of Gettysburg monuments and memorials.  Historic buildings range from a 1776 Colonial tavern to a vacant 1962 Modernist museum (Demolished in 2013).  Contributing structures include postbellum artifacts such as the 1895 Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin, the 1893 Electric Trolley Bed, and the only remaining Tipton Boundary Marker.
Lungotevere della Farnesina
Lungotevere della Farnesina is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Piazza Trilussa to Ponte Giuseppe Mazzini in Rome (Italy), in the Rione Trastevere.

The Lungotevere takes its name from villa Farnesina, the present seat of the Accademia dei Lincei.

The works for the building of the Lungotevere, in 1879, brought to light the sepulchre of Gaius Sulpicius Platorinus, dating back to the 1st century; after being reconstructed, it was moved to the National Roman Museum within the Baths of Diocletian.

Lungotevere
Lungotevere (Italian for Tiber Waterfront) is an alley or boulevard running along the river Tiber within the city of Rome.
The building of the Lungoteveres required the demolition of the former edifices along the river banks and the construction of retaining walls called muraglioni (massive walls).
Dark Requiems... and Unsilent Massacre
Dark Requiems... and Unsilent Massacre is the second full-length album by the British symphonic black metal act Hecate Enthroned, released in 1998 by Blackend Records.

Stylistically this found the band utilising a slower, more ambient feel versus the speed and heaviness heard on their previous album, The Slaughter of Innocence. Keyboards and reverbed vocals were put more in the forefront, with less emphasis on guitar riffs and fast-paced percussion. This album was the last to feature keyboardist Michael Snell and vocalist Jon Kennedy, the latter of which was fired from the group, as well as the last to have a heavily symphonic black metal approach. The next album, Kings of Chaos, would feature a more death metal-oriented sound.

The Slaughter of Innocence, a Requiem for the Mighty
The Slaughter of Innocence, a Requiem for the Mighty is the debut full-length album by British band Hecate Enthroned. It was released 15 May 1997, via Blackend Records, and was also their last release to feature Paul Massey on bass and Marc on guitars, and their first to feature long-time drummer Robert Kendrick.
Govt High School Bhagwal, Gujrat
Government High School Bhagwal (Urdu:  گورنمنٹ ہائی اسکول بھگوال; abbreviated to GHS) is a government-run secondary school located in Union Council Bhagwal of Kharian Tehsil, in Gujrat District, of Punjab province, Pakistan.

Kharian Tehsil
Kharian Tehsil (Punjabi and Urdu: تحصیل کھاریاں) is a tehsil (sub-district) located in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. The town lies between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers and in the north the foothills of the Pir Panjal mountains.
Mary Dent Crisp
Mary Dent Crisp (November 5, 1923 – March 24, 2007) was an American Republican leader and feminist who was ousted from her party after publicly opposing its views on abortion rights and the Equal Rights Amendment. She was a member of the Republican Party for over 20 years and served in roles in the party's administration beginning in 1968, culminating in service from 1977 to 1980 as Co-Chairwoman of the Republican National Committee. Crisp spoke against the party's decision to stop supporting the Equal Rights Amendment in a speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, after which she announced that she would not seek re-election to her position. Crisp also spoke out in favor of abortion rights.

Bill Brock
William Emerson Brock III (November 23, 1930 – March 25, 2021) was an American politician from Tennessee who served in both chambers of the United States Congress as a member of the United States House of Representatives for four terms representing Tennessee's 3rd congressional district from 1963 to 1971 and as a member of the United States Senate for one term from 1971 to 1977. He later served as the 50th Chair of the Republican National Committee from 1977 to 1981 and in the Cabinet of the United States from 1981 to 1987 under President of the United States Ronald Reagan as the 8th United States Trade Representative from 1981 to 1985 and as the 18th United States Secretary of Labor from 1985 to 1987. He was the grandson of William E. Brock, a member of the Democratic Party who served as a member of the U.S. Senate from the state of Tennessee from 1929 to 1931. He was a member of the Republican Party.
51 Hydrae
51 Hydrae is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra, located 170 light years away from the Sun. It has the Bayer designation k Hydrae; 51 Hydrae is the Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.78. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +20 km/s. Eggen (1971) listed it as a member of the η Cephei group of old-disk stars.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III, which indicates it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and expanded off the main sequence. It has 1.31 times the mass of the Sun but has swollen to 13.5 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 55 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,255 K.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Miss Perú 2010
Miss Perú 2010, the 58th Miss Perú pageant was held at the  on May 22, 2010. That year, 22 candidates were competing for the national crown. The chosen winners represented Peru at the Miss Universe 2010 and Miss World 2010. The rest of the finalists would enter in different pageants.

Miss World 2010
Miss World 2010 was the 60th anniversary of the Miss World pageant, held at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China, on 30 October 2010, after Vietnam backed out of the hosting contract.

Kaiane Aldorino of Gibraltar crowned Alexandria Mills of the United States as her successor at the end of the event. This is the third time United States has won the title.
1949 New York Yankees (AAFC) season
The 1949 New York Yankees season was their fourth and final in the All-America Football Conference. The team improved on their previous output of 6-8, winning eight games. They lost to the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the playoffs and the team folded with the league after the season.

1948 New York Yankees (AAFC) season
The 1948 New York Yankees season was their third in the All-America Football Conference. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 11-2-1, winning only six games. For the first time in three seasons, and the only time in franchise history, they did not qualify for the playoffs.

The team's statistical leaders included Spec Sanders with 918 passing yards, 759 rushing yards, and 58 points scored, and Bruce Alford with 578 receiving yards and 42 points scored.
2022 Billboard Latin Music Awards
The 29th Billboard Latin Music Awards ceremony, presented by Billboard to honor the most popular albums, songs and performers in Latin music, took place on September 29, 2022, at the Watsco Center in Coral Gables, Florida. The ceremony was broadcast by Telemundo.

The nominations were announced on August 18, 2022. Puerto Rican singer Chayanne received the Icon Award at the ceremony. Christina Aguilera was honored with the Spirit of Hope award, and also performed.

Billboard Latin Music Awards
The Billboard Latin Music Awards (often known as Premios Billboard ) are annual honors presented by Billboard magazine to recognize outstanding achievements in Latin music record chart performance. Established as an extension of the Billboard Music Awards, they are among the longest-running award ceremonies in the Latin music industry. The event is typically held during the same week as Latinfest+ (formerly the Billboard Latin Music Conference).
Coalinga Oil Field
The Coalinga Oil Field is a large oil field in western Fresno County, California, in the United States.  It surrounds the town of Coalinga, about halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, to the west of Interstate 5, at the foot of the Diablo Range.  Discovered in the late 19th century, it became active around 1890, and is now the eighth-largest oil field in California, with reserves totaling approximately 58 million barrels (9,200,000 m3), over 1,600 active oil wells, and having a cumulative production of 1,014 million barrels (161,200,000 m3). It is one of California's six billion barrel fields, the others being Midway-Sunset Oil Field, Wilmington Oil Field, Kern River Oil Field, South Belridge Oil Field, and Elk Hills Oil Field.  The principal operators on the field, as of 2008, were Chevron Corp. (formerly Standard Oil of California or SoCal) and Aera Energy LLC.

Kern River Oil Field
The Kern River Oil Field is a large oil field in Kern County in the San Joaquin Valley of California, north-northeast of Bakersfield in the lower Sierra foothills.  Yielding a cumulative production of close to 2 billion barrels (320,000,000 m3) of oil by the end of 2006, it is the third largest oil field in California, after the Midway-Sunset Oil Field and the Wilmington Oil Field, and the fifth largest in the United States. Its estimated remaining reserves, as of the end of 2006, were around 476 million barrels (75,700,000 m3), the second largest in the state. It had 9,183 active wells, the second highest in the state. The principal operator on the field is Chevron Corporation
Ross Dam
Ross Dam is a 540-foot (160 m)-high, 1,300-foot (400 m)-long concrete thin arch dam across the Skagit River, forming Ross Lake. The dam is in Washington state, while Ross Lake extends 23 miles (37 km) north to British Columbia, Canada. Both dam and reservoir are located in Ross Lake National Recreation Area, is bordered on both sides by Stephen Mather Wilderness and combined with Lake Chelan National Recreation Area they make up North Cascades National Park Complex.

Built as part of the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project by Seattle City Light, the dam is part of a series of three dams through the Skagit Gorge that were built primarily to generate hydroelectricity from the massive elevation drop of over 1,000 feet (300 m) from the Canada-U.S. border to Newhalem. The other two dams are Diablo Dam, directly below Ross Dam, and Gorge Dam, further downstream. Ross Dam can generate up to 460 MW of electricity.

Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 1993 and concluded in the 64-team 1994 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, whose finals were held at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Arkansas Razorbacks earned their first national championship by defeating the Duke Blue Devils 76–72 on April 4, 1994. The Razorbacks were coached by Nolan Richardson and the NCAA Division I basketball tournament Most Outstanding Player was Arkansas's Corliss Williamson.

In championship game of the 32-team 1994 National Invitation Tournament, the Villanova Wildcats defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

Following the season, the 1994 NCAA Men's Basketball All-American Consensus First Team included Grant Hill, Jason Kidd, Donyell Marshall, Glenn Robinson, and Clifford Rozier.

Nolan Richardson
Nolan Richardson Jr. (born December 27, 1941) is an American former basketball head coach best known for his tenure at the University of Arkansas, where he won the 1994 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament and led the Razorbacks to three Final Fours. Elected to the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2014, Richardson coached teams to winning a Division I Basketball National Championship, an NIT championship, and a Junior College National Championship, making him the only coach to win all three championships. During his 22 seasons of coaching in NCAA Division I, Richardson made a post-season tournament appearance 20 times.
Madarpur (Bilhaur)
Madarpur is a village in Dewkali Bilhaur Gram panchayat in Bilhaur Tehsil, Kanpur Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its village code is 149892. As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 566 where 298 are men and 268 are women.

Dewkali Bilhaur
Dewkali Bilhaur is a village and Gram panchayat in Bilhaur Tehsil, Kanpur Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its village code is 149890. As per 2011 Census of India report the population of the village is 976 where 522 are men and 454 are women.
Alejandro Castellanos
Alejandro Castellanos (born August 29, 1979) is a Honduran former swimmer who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Castellanos represented Honduras at the 2000 Summer Olympics, where he became the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony.

Castellanos competed only in the men's 100 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He received a Universality place from FINA, in an entry time of 53.43. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat three, including Trinidad and Tobago's 16-year-old George Bovell and Seychelles' three-time Olympian Kenny Roberts. He rounded out the field to last place in 54.06, just 0.63 seconds below his entry standard. Castellanos failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed sixty-fourth overall in the prelims.

George Bovell
George Richard Lycott Bovell (born 18 July 1983) is an Olympic bronze medalist swimmer and former world record holder from Trinidad and Tobago. Bovell is also a two-time World Championship bronze medalist.
Marijina Vas
Marijina Vas (pronounced [maˈɾiːjina ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Marijina vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills east of Rimske Toplice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Rimske Toplice
Rimske Toplice (pronounced [ˈɾiːmskɛ tɔˈpliːtsɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Savinja River on the road from Celje to Ljubljana via Zidani Most. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Asian Players Tour Championship 2012/2013 – Event 1
The Guotai Liquor Asian Players Tour Championship 2012/2013 – Event 1 was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 18 and 22 June 2012 at the Zhangjiagang Sports Center in Zhangjiagang, China.

Stuart Bingham won his sixth professional title by defeating Stephen Lee 4–3 in the final. This win has also guaranteed Bingham a place in this season's PTC Finals.

2013 Players Tour Championship Grand Final
The 2013 Players Tour Championship Grand Final (officially the 2013 Dafabet Players Tour Championship Grand Final) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 12 and 17 March 2013 at the Bailey Allen Hall in Galway, Ireland. It was the ninth ranking event of the 2012/2013 season.

Stephen Lee was the defending champion, but he couldn't compete due to his suspension from professional snooker.

Ding Junhui won his sixth ranking title by defeating Neil Robertson 4–3 in the final. Ding also made the 97th official maximum break during his quarter-final match against Mark Allen. This was Ding's fifth 147 break and the ninth in the 2012/2013 season. This was the 250th ranking event to be staged in snooker.
2025 India–Pakistan floods
In August and September 2025, widespread flooding affected parts of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The floods were caused by particularly heavy monsoon rains in mountainous areas of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, and the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The resulting flash floods forced Indian authorities to open dams on several rivers flowing into both Indian and Pakistani Punjab, leading to widespread flooding in downstream areas. Over 1400 villages in Pakistan's Punjab province have been flooded, while 1400 villages in the Indian state of Punjab were also affected, displacing over 1.2 million people in Pakistan and 300,000 in India.

Jammu
Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the Jammu region. It is the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
British war crimes
British war crimes are acts committed by the armed forces of the United Kingdom that have violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, from the Boer War to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). Such acts have included the summary executions of prisoners of war and unarmed shipwreck survivors, the use of excessive force during the interrogation of POWs and enemy combatants, and the use of violence against civilian non-combatants and their property.‌

Alfred-Maurice de Zayas
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947) is a Cuban-born American lawyer and writer, active in the field of human rights and international law. From 1 May 2012 to 30 April 2018, he served as the first UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order, appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council.