hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cephaloridine
Cephaloridine (or cefaloridine) is a first-generation semisynthetic derivative of antibiotic cephalosporin C. It is a Beta lactam antibiotic, like penicillin. Its chemical structure contains cephems,carboxyl groups and a pyridinium ring.

Cephaloridine is mainly used in veterinary practice. It is unique among cephalosporins in that it exists as a zwitterion.

Cephalosporin C
Cephalosporin C is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class.  It was isolated from a fungus of the genus Acremonium and first characterized in 1961. Although not a very active antibiotic itself, synthetic analogs of cephalosporin C, such as cefalotin, became some of the first marketed cephalosporin antibiotic drugs.

Cephalosporin C strongly absorbs ultraviolet light, is stable to acid, is non-toxic and has in vivo activity in mice. Cephalosporin C, which has a similar structure to penicillin N, was never commercialized.

Cephalosporin C was a lead compound for the discovery and production of many other cephalosporins. Cephalosporins are drugs used for some people who are allergic to penicillin.
Prudential capital controls
Prudential capital controls are ways of financial regulation that aim to mitigate risk to the financial system as a whole, usually taking the form of residency-based measures such as transaction taxes, other limits, or outright prohibitions that a nation's government can use to regulate flows from capital markets into and out of the country's capital account. Prudential capital controls aim to mitigate systemic risk, reduce business cycle volatility, increase macroeconomic stability, and enhance social welfare.

Financial accelerator
The financial accelerator in macroeconomics is the process by which adverse shocks to the economy may be amplified by worsening financial market conditions. More broadly, adverse conditions in the real economy and in financial markets propagate the financial and macroeconomic downturn.
Crepuscule with the Dead Science
Crepuscule with The Dead Science is the third EP from The Dead Science, released in 2006 on Slender Means Society. Two tracks, "Child/Actress" and a cover of John Dowland's "All Ye Whom Love of Fortune", were recorded during the Frost Giant sessions. Thanks in the liner notes is given to "Mr. Zazzary 'Veins' Pendleton", apparently code for Zac Pennington, Slender Means Society's founder.

Frost Giant (album)
Frost Giant is the second studio album from The Dead Science, released in 2005 on Absolutely Kosher Records. It was recorded at Bear Creek Studio over ten days in December 2004. Korum Bischoff drummed on some tracks, Nick Tamburro on others.
NGC 6316
NGC 6316 is a globular cluster located in the constellation Ophiuchus. Its Shapley-Sawyer Concentration Class is III, meaning that it has a "strong inner core of stars" and was discovered by the German-born British astronomer William Herschel on 24 May 1784. It is at a distance of about 37,000 light years away from the Earth. NGC 6316 has a metallicity of -0.45, although new studies suggest this cluster to be more metal Poor, with a metallicity of -0.87  and -0.9; this means that its ratio of hydrogen/helium to other elements is only 35% that of the Sun, but still enough to be considered a "metal-rich" globular cluster.

Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class
The Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is a classification system on a scale of one to twelve using Roman numerals for globular clusters according to their concentration. The most highly concentrated clusters such as M75 are classified as Class I, with successively diminishing concentrations ranging to Class XII, such as Palomar 12. (The class is sometimes given with numbers [Class 1–12] rather than with Roman numerals.)

From 1927 to 1929, Harlow Shapley and Helen Sawyer Hogg began categorizing clusters according to the degree of concentration the system has toward the core using this scale. This became known as the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class.
Quadrennial Dutch hacker convention
The quadrennial Dutch hacker convention is a hacker convention. It reoccurs every four years at different locations around the Netherlands. It was first held in 1989. In the past, it was organized by Hack-Tic magazine, and currently it is organized by the IFCAT Foundation.

On years where it is not held, two other similar events are held instead: Chaos Communication Camp in Germany (every 4 years), and Electromagnetic Field in the UK (every 2 years).

Electromagnetic Field (festival)
Electromagnetic Field (also known as EMF, or EMF Camp) is a camping festival in the UK, held every two years, for hackers, geeks, engineers and scientists. It features talks and workshops covering a wide variety of topics. EMF is a non-profit event run entirely by a team of volunteers.

Attendees of EMF receive an electronic conference badge, funded by sponsorship, which in 2014 included an LCD screen, Arduino-compatible microcontroller, and a radio transceiver.
2022 South American Under-20 Futsal Championship
The 2022 South American Under-20 Futsal Championship, stylized as CONMEBOL SUB20 Futsal 2022, was the 9th edition of the South American Under-20 Futsal Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-20 de Futsal), the biennial international youth futsal championship organised by the CONMEBOL for the men's under-20 national teams of South America. The tournament was held in La Guaira State, Venezuela between 9–17 September 2023.

South American U-20 Futsal Championship
The Sudamericano de Futsal Sub-20 (South American Under-20 Futsal Championship), branded as CONMEBOL Sub 20 Futsal, is an international futsal competition held every two years for South American under-20 men teams.
Belle (gambling game)
Belle is a lottery-like gambling game, similar to Biribi and Cavagnole, that was brought from Italy to Paris in the 17th century.

It needs a board with 104 numbers in 13 rows of 8 numbers, on which - similar to roulette - the bets are placed, and a bag containing 104 numbers from which the winning number is drawn.

Depending on the agreement, 100 times or 96 times the bet will be refunded in the event of a win, i.e. the odds are 99:1 or 95:1, respectively, the bank advantage is 4/104 = 3.85% or 8/104 = 7.69%.

In addition to betting on a single number, punters may also bet on a row of 13 numbers or a column of 8.

"Belle (with boards and numbers)" was included in the list of games prohibited in Austria-Hungary by the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Justice.

Roulette
Roulette (named after the French word meaning "little wheel") is a casino game which was likely developed from the Italian game Biribi. In the game, a player may choose to place a bet on a single number, various groupings of numbers, the color red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the number is high or low.

To determine the winning number, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the outer edge of the wheel. The ball eventually loses momentum, passes through an area of deflectors, and falls onto the wheel and into one of the colored and numbered pockets on the wheel. The winnings are then paid to anyone who has placed a successful bet.
Di L'Aquila
The Di L'Aquila or Capra di L'Aquila is an Italian breed of domestic goat indigenous to the province of L'Aquila, in Abruzzo in southern Italy. It is raised only in that province. It is a heterogeneous breed with variable characteristics, showing the influence of introductions of Alpina Comune, Girgentana, Maltese and Toggenburg stock. It is large, hardy and productive. Management is extensive: the animals are kept on mountain pasture, and brought under cover for protection from the snow only in the winter months.

The Di L'Aquila is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herd-book is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. In 1983 the total population was estimated at 5000–6000. The herd-book was activated in 2002, but no stock has been recorded in it for many years; in 2007 the population was reported as 590.

Toggenburger
The Toggenburger  or Toggenburg is a Swiss breed of dairy goat. Its name derives from that of the Toggenburg region of the Canton of St. Gallen, where it is thought to have originated. It is among the most productive breeds of dairy goat and is distributed world-wide, in about fifty countries in all five inhabited continents.
Sülzburgstraße station
Sülzburgstraße is a station on the Cologne Stadtbahn line 18, located in the Cologne district of Lindenthal. The station lies on Luxemburger Straße at its junction with the shopping street Sülzburgstraße, after which the station is named.

The station was opened in 1898 and consists of one island platform with two rail tracks.

Lindenthal, Cologne
Lindenthal (German: Köln-Lindenthal [ˈkœln ˈlɪndn̩ˌtaːl]; Kölsch: Lendethal [ˈlêndəˌtaːl]) is a borough of the City of Cologne in Germany. It includes the quarters Braunsfeld, Junkersdorf, Klettenberg, Lindenthal, Lövenich, Müngersdorf, Sülz, Weiden and Widdersdorf. It has about 153,000 inhabitants (as of December 2019) and covers an area of 41.8 square kilometers.

Many parts of Lindenthal are dominated by academic and research campuses, primarily linked to the University of Cologne and the German Sport University. The latter has a campus at Sportpark Müngersdorf, next to RheinEnergieStadion and the European College of Sport Science.

The Cologne University Hospital has a vast campus around the Kerpener Straße. Other institutions include the Max Planck Institutes for Biology of Ageing and Plant Breeding Research.

Cologne's Melaten-Friedhof is located on Aachener Straße.
Dickson County, Tennessee
Dickson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,315. Its county seat is Charlotte. Dickson County is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Dickson County is home to Tennessee's oldest courthouse in continuous use, built in 1835. This is the second courthouse in Charlotte as the first one, a log building, was destroyed in the Tornado of 1833, which destroyed all but one building on the courthouse square.

Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red Rivers.

Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.

The river system has been extensively altered for flood control. Major dams impound areas of both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
D-Bus
D-Bus (short for "Desktop Bus")
is a message-oriented middleware mechanism that allows communication between multiple processes running concurrently on the same machine. D-Bus was developed as part of the freedesktop.org project, initiated by GNOME developer Havoc Pennington to standardize services provided by Linux desktop environments such as GNOME and KDE Plasma.

The freedesktop.org project also developed a free and open-source software library called libdbus, as a reference implementation of the specification. This library is not D-Bus itself, as other implementations of the D-Bus specification also exist, such as GDBus (GNOME), QtDBus (Qt/KDE), dbus-java and sd-bus (part of systemd).

Marshalling (computer science)
In computer science, marshalling or marshaling (US spelling) is the process of transforming the memory representation of an object into a data format suitable for storage or transmission, especially between different runtimes. It is typically used when data must be moved between different parts of a computer program or from one program to another.

Marshalling simplifies complex communications, because it allows using composite objects instead of being restricted to primitive objects.
Christine Ryan
Dame Christine Ryan, DBE, FRSB is a British teacher and public servant. Ryan worked as a teacher, and then as a school inspector. She was Chief Inspector of the Independent Schools Inspectorate for twelve years. From August 2020 to 2025, she was Chair of the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). Ryan is a co-founder of an education consultancy, Ryan and Grunsell.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), previously Fellowship of the Society of Biology (FSB), is an award and fellowship granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Biology has adjudged to have made a "prominent contribution to the advancement of the biological sciences, and has gained no less than five years of experience in a position of senior responsibility".
1927 South Atlantic Association season
The 1927 South Atlantic Association was a Class B baseball season played between April 21 and September 14. Eight teams played a 150-game schedule, with the top team winning the pennant.

The Greenville Spinners won the South Atlantic Association championship, as they finished the season with the best record.

Greenville Spinners
The Greenville Spinners was a primary name of the minor league baseball teams located in Greenville, South Carolina between 1907 and 1962. Greenville teams played as members of the South Carolina League in 1907,  Carolina Association (1908–1912), the South Atlantic League (1919–1930, 1946–1950 and 1961–1962), the Palmetto League in 1931, and the Tri-State League (1954–1955).

Greenville was an affiliate of the Washington Senators (1939–1941), Chicago White Sox (1946), Brooklyn Dodgers (1947–1950) and Los Angeles Dodgers (1961–1962).

Baseball Hall of Fame member Tommy Lasorda (1949) and Greenville native Shoeless Joe Jackson (1908) were both on the roster of the Spinners for one season each.
Giedrius Gustas
Giedrius Gustas (born 4 March 1980) is a former Lithuanian professional basketball player. At the height of 1.90 m (6'2 3⁄4") tall and a weight of 86 kg (190 lbs.), he mainly played at the point guard position. During his club playing career, as a member of Žalgiris Kaunas, he won the EuroLeague championship in 1999. As a member of the Barons LMT, he won the Europe Cup championship in 2008. He was also a member of the senior Lithuanian national team, and with Lithuania, he won the gold medal at the 2003 EuroBasket and the bronze medal at the 2007 EuroBasket.

FIBA EuroChallenge Final Four MVP
The FIBA EuroChallenge Final Four MVP, or FIBA EuroChallenge Finals MVP, was the most valuable player award that was presented to the basketball player who most exhibited exceptional play during the FIBA EuroChallenge's Final Four stage, which was the final stage of Europe's former third-tier level European-wide professional club basketball tournament.
Military history of Zimbabwe
Africa portal

The military history of Zimbabwe chronicles a vast time period and complex events from the dawn of history until the present time.  It covers invasions of native peoples of Africa (Shona and Ndebele), encroachment by Europeans (Portuguese, Boer and British settlers), and civil conflict.

Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army
Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), a Marxist–Leninist political party in Rhodesia. It participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule in Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe). ZIPRA (or often ZPRA) was formed during the 1960s by the nationalist leader Jason Moyo, the deputy of Joshua Nkomo. Its sponsors included the Organisation of African Unity and Soviet Union and its base of support lay in Ndebele and other non-Shona minorities in southwestern Zimbabwe, the home region of many of its leaders. After the war, it was edged out of power by ZANU-PF.
Glossary of basketball terms
This glossary of basketball terms is a list of definitions of terms used in the game of basketball. Like any other major sport, basketball features its own extensive vocabulary of unique words and phrases used by players, coaches, sports journalists, commentators, and fans.

Euroleague Basketball
Euroleague Basketball, run by Euroleague Commercial Assets (ECA), is a private company that runs and operates men's professional basketball club competitions in Europe, the first-tier EuroLeague, and the second-tier EuroCup. It has been organizing the EuroLeague competition since the 2000–01 season backed by ULEB. Euroleague also oversees the 
European national basketball league rankings since 2008, and the Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament. It is headquartered in Barcelona.
Modern pentathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's team
The team competition was a modern pentathlon event held as part of the Modern pentathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme.  The team scores were the sum of the three pentathletes' scores in the individual competition.

Modern pentathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics
The modern pentathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics  was represented by two events (both for men): Individual competition and Team competition. As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon, one competition was held and each competitor's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table. This competition consisted of 5 disciplines:

Equestrian, held on October 11 at Asaka Nezu Park.

Fencing, held on October 12 at Waseda Memorial Hall.

Shooting, held on October 13 at Asaka Shooting Range.

Swimming, held on October 14 at National Gymnasium.

Cross-country, held on October 15 at Kemigawa.
Capacité 11 personnes
Capacité 11 personnes is a Canadian comedy-drama short film, directed by Gaëlle d'Ynglemare and released in 2004. Set entirely in the elevator of an office building, the film depicts the interactions of various passengers as the elevator travels up and down the building. Its cast includes Nancy Bernier, Nicolas Canuel, Jean-Marie Corbeil, Évelyne de la Chenelière, Tristan Dubois, Marc Fortin, Bruno Landry, Linda Laplante, Denis Mercier and Pierre Verville.

The film was commercially distributed as an opening film at screenings of John L'Ecuyer's feature On the Verge of a Fever (Le Goût des jeunes filles) in 2005.

The film won the Genie Award for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 21st Genie Awards.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian live action short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the award was not always presented at every Genie Award ceremony. In years when the award was not presented, a single award was instead presented for Best Theatrical Short Film, inclusive of both animated and live-action shorts. Under current Academy regulations, the awards for live action and animated shorts can be collapsed into a single award if either category receives two or fewer eligible submissions, but remain separate if both categories surpass two submissions.
Sandra Garde
Sandra Garde, married surname: Gardes-Pagès, is a French former competitive figure skater. She is a two-time French national senior bronze medalist and competed at four World Junior Championships, twice finishing in the top ten. Her best result, fourth, came at the 1988 Junior Worlds in Brisbane, Australia.

Garde trained at Sports de Glace Annecy. After retiring from ISU competitions, she skated professionally. She went on to become a skating coach and choreographer, based in Nice. She has choreographed for Maé-Bérénice Méité, Yrétha Silété, Laurine Lecavelier, Lénaëlle Gilleron-Gorry, Stéphane Walker, and Simon Hocquaux.

Maé-Bérénice Méité
Maé-Bérénice Méité (French pronunciation: [ma.e be.re.nis mej.te]; born 21 September 1994) is a French figure skater. She is the 2011 Ondrej Nepela Memorial champion, the 2016 International Cup of Nice champion, the 2015 Winter Universiade silver medalist, and a six-time French national champion.

She has finished in the top six at three European Championships and represented France at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics.
Durris transmitting station
The Durris transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated close to the town of Stonehaven, within Durris Forest, within the area also known historically as Kincardineshire (grid reference NO763899). It is owned and operated by Arqiva, and is the tallest structure in Scotland.

Stonehaven
Stonehaven (/stoʊnˈheɪvən/ ⓘ stohn-HAY-vən) is a town on the northeast coast of Scotland, 15 miles (24 km) south of Aberdeen. It had a population of 11,177 at the 2022 Census.

Stonehaven was formerly the county town of Kincardineshire, succeeding the now abandoned town of Kincardine. It is currently administered as part of Aberdeenshire. The town is known in the local Doric dialect as Steenhive (/stinˈhaɪv/ ⓘ) and is nicknamed Stoney.
Gail M. Chase
Gail M. Chase is an American accountant. A Democrat, Chase was elected Maine State Auditor in 1996 by the Maine Legislature. She and other constitutional officers were sworn in by Governor Angus King on January 3, 1997. Re-elected in 2000, she until the end of her term in January 2005 when she was replaced by fellow Democrat Neria Douglass.

Chase is originally from Pawtucket, Rhode Island and graduated from Colby College in 1974. She was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1992 and 1994. She unsuccessfully sought a seat in the Maine Senate in 2006. She is married and lives in Unity, Maine.

Maine State Auditor
The Maine state auditor is a statutory state executive position in the government of the U.S. state of Maine. According to the Office of the State Auditor's webpage, the primary purpose of the position is "to audit the financial statements of the State of Maine and expenditures of federal programs".

The Office of State Auditor was created in 1883 to examine the accounts held by the Maine State Treasurer. Originally a three-member committee, the single state auditor position was created in 1907. State Auditors are elected by the Maine Legislature for a term of four years and each Auditor is limited to two four-year terms.
1995 Harlow District Council election
The 1995 Harlow District Council election took place on 4 May 1995 to elect members of Harlow District Council in Essex, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The Labour Party retained control of the council, which it had held continuously since the council's creation in 1973.

1973 Harlow District Council election
The 1973 Harlow District Council election, on 7 June 1973, was the first election to the newly created Harlow District Council. This was on the same day as other local elections.  The Local Government Act 1972 stipulated that the elected members were to shadow and eventually take over from the predecessor corporation on 1 April 1974. The election resulted in Labour gaining control of the council.
Županjevac
Županjevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Жупанјевац) is a village in Šumadija and Western Serbia (Šumadija), in the municipality of Rekovac (Region of Levač), lying at 43°48′37″N 21°01′34″E﻿ / ﻿43.81028°N 21.02611°E﻿ / 43.81028; 21.02611, at the elevation of 365 m. According to the 2002 census, the village had 464 citizens.

Šumadija
Šumadija (Serbian Cyrillic: Шумадија, pronounced [ʃumǎdija]) is a geographical region in the central part of Serbia. The area used to be heavily covered with forests, hence the name (from šuma 'forest'). The city of Kragujevac is the administrative center of the Šumadija District in the Šumadija and Western Serbia statistical region.

This very fertile region is known for its extensive fruit production (apples, grapes, plums, etc.).