hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
This article lists British armoured fighting vehicle production during the Second World War. The United Kingdom produced 27,528 tanks and self-propelled guns from July 1939 to May 1945, as well as 26,191 armoured cars and 69,071 armoured personnel carriers (mostly the Universal Carrier).

Bishop (artillery)
The Bishop, formal designation Ordnance QF 25-pdr on Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, was a British self-propelled gun vehicle based on the Valentine tank and armed with the QF 25-pounder gun-howitzer, which could fire an 87.6 mm (3.45 in) 11.5 kg (25 lb) HE shell or an armour-piercing shell. A result of a rushed attempt to create a self-propelled gun, the vehicle had numerous problems, was produced in limited numbers and was soon replaced by better designs.
2004 Christchurch mayoral election
The 2004 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the 2004 New Zealand local elections. On 9 October of that year, elections were held for the Mayor of Christchurch plus other local government roles. Incumbent Garry Moore successfully contested a third term in office with a decisive majority. The second-placed candidate, Aaron Keown, received almost 50,000 fewer votes than Moore. Keown ran as an Independent, but contested the 2008 general election for ACT New Zealand, standing in the Waimakariri electorate. The third-placed candidate, Jamie Gough, was only 18 years old at the time.

Both Keown and Gough were elected Christchurch City Councillors at the 2010 local elections.

Christchurch City Council
The Christchurch City Council (CCC) is the local government authority for Christchurch  in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority elected to represent the 419,200 people of Christchurch. The Mayor of Christchurch is Phil Mauger, who was elected in 2022 and 2025l. The council currently consists of 16  elected Councillors in sixteen wards, and is presided over by the mayor, who is elected at large. The number of elected members and ward boundaries changed prior to the 2016 election.
Brzeg, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Brzeg [bʐɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczyca, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Rzeczyca, 27 km (17 mi) east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 67 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Rzeczyca, Gmina Rzeczyca
Rzeczyca [ʐɛˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa] ⓘ is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rzeczyca. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 61 km (38 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Town rights were granted before 1775 and revoked before 1793.
Champhai South Assembly constituency
Champhai South is one of the 40 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram state in India. It comprises Wards 4-8 and 11-15 of Champhai town, and a few other parts of Champhai district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Champhai
Champhai is the third largest town in Mizoram, northeast India and is one of the oldest settlements founded by the Mizo people that initially served as a capital for the Hmar dynasty. Located near the India–Myanmar border, it facilitates cross-border trade and serves as a hub for trade and commerce in the region.

Unlike most urban places in Mizoram, Champhai is situated in a valley and on top of a small hill. It is situated at an elevation of approximately 1,678 meters (5,505 feet) above sea level. It had an estimated population of 44,000 in 2023.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 1 – Men's 500 metres
The men's 500 metres races of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 1, arranged in the Olympic Oval, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, were held on 8 and 10 November 2013.

Race one was won by Ronald Mulder of the Netherlands, while Mo Tae-bum of South Korea came second, and Jamie Gregg of Canada came third.

Tucker Fredricks of the United States won Division B of race one, and was thus, under the rules, automatically promoted to Division A for race two. He then went on to win race two, with Mo again finishing second, and Mulder and Gregg sharing third place. Denis Koval of Russia won Division B of race two.

2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 1
The first competition weekend of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Olympic Oval in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, from Friday, 8 November, until Sunday, 10 November 2013.

Two new world records were set during the weekend. On Saturday, Lee Sang-hwa of South Korea improved her own world record on 500 metres with a time of 36.74 seconds. A couple of hours later, the Dutch men's team – comprised by Koen Verweij, Jan Blokhuijsen and Sven Kramer – improved the team pursuit world record to 3:37.17.

There were also two world records for juniors; in the women's 3000 metres race on Friday, Antoinette de Jong of the Netherlands set a new world records for girls with a time of 4:00.56, and on Sunday, Kim Hyun-yung of South Korea did the same in the 1000 metres distance, with a time of 1:15.18.
Denise Natali
Denise Natali is an American political scientist who was Assistant Secretary of State for Conflict and Stabilization Operations from 2018 to 2020. She is currently director of the Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) of the National Defense University, and is specialized in the Middle East, Iraq, the Kurdish issue, and post-conflict stabilization. She has been noted for her staunch criticism of the Kurdish Regional Government and its relations to the United States.

Assistant Secretary of State for Conflict and Stabilization Operations
The assistant secretary of state for conflict and stabilization operations is the head of the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations within the United States Department of State, supporting the department's conflict and crisis-response efforts. The assistant secretary reports to the under secretary for foreign assistance, humanitarian affairs and religious freedom.

The first assistant secretary, Rick Barton, was nominated by President Barack Obama on November 29, 2011, and confirmed by the Senate on March 29, 2012.
Mark 39 torpedo
The Mark 39 torpedo was the first homing torpedo in United States Navy service to use a trailing wire for mid-course guidance through the submarine's fire control system. In 1946, shortly after the Mark 37 Mod 0 had been prototyped, the wire guidance system was reverse-engineered from the G7ef(TX) "Spinne" following the arrival of technical documentation from Germany. This resulted in the development of a wire-guided prototype the same year. The Mark 39 was a Mark 27 Mod 4 torpedo converted for development of wire guidance techniques, which were eventually incorporated into the Mark 37 Mod 1 and the Mark 45. Due to this development, the Mark 39 was considered obsolete and the remaining inventory was scrapped.

Mark 27 torpedo
The Mark 27 torpedo was the first of the United States Navy 19-inch (48-cm) submarine-launched torpedoes.  This electrically-propelled torpedo was 125 inches (3.175 m) long and weighed 1174 pounds (534 kg). The torpedo employed a passive acoustic guidance system and was intended for both submarine and surface targets.  Nicknamed "Cutie"  by submarine crews, the Mark 27 entered service in 1943 as a defensive weapon. The torpedo was classified as obsolete in the 1960s.

The Mark 27 was essentially a Mark 24 mine which had been modified for submarine launching in a 21-inch (53 cm) submerged torpedo tube by the addition of 1" (25 mm) wooden guide studs mounted on the torpedo's outer shell.
Winsford United F.C.
Winsford United Football Club are a football club based in Winsford, Cheshire, England. The club was founded in 1883, they're nicknamed The Blues and their home ground is Barton Stadium. Their all-time top scorer is Perry Plowman with 256 goals in all competitions.

North West Counties Football League
The North West Counties Football League is a football league in the North West of England. Since 2019–20, the league has covered the Isle of Man, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Cumbria, northern Staffordshire, northern Shropshire, the far west of West Yorkshire, and the High Peak area of Derbyshire. In the past, the league has also hosted clubs from North Wales such as Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay, and Rhyl. From season 2018–19 the league increased to three divisions: the Premier Division, at level nine (Step 5 in the NLS) in the English football league system, and two geographically separate Division Ones, North and South, at level ten (Step 6 in the NLS). The league is a member of the Joint Liaison Council which administers the Northern arm of the National Football System in England.
2007 Qatar Ladies Open
The 2007 Qatar Ladies Open, known as the 2007 Qatar Total Open, for sponsorship reasons, was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the Qatar Total Open, and was part of the Tier II Series of the 2007 WTA Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, from 26 February through 4 March 2007.

WTA Qatar Open
The Qatar Open, known as the Qatar TotalEnergies Open, is a professional tennis WTA 1000 tournament held in Doha, Qatar. Held since 2001, this WTA Tour event was a Tier I-tournament in 2008, and was played on outdoor hardcourts. After a two-year break the tournament returned in 2011 and is held at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex.
Mohnyin
Mohnyin (Burmese: မိုးညှင်း, Burmese pronunciation: [móɲ̥ɪ́ɰ̃]; Shan: မိူင်းယၢင်း) is a town in Kachin State, Myanmar (Burma). It is the administrative center for both Mohnyin Township and Mohnyin District and it has a population of 33,290. Mohnyin means "land of the snipe" in Shan.

Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.
Migrant sex work
Migrant sex work is sex work done by migrant workers. It is significant because of its role as a dominant demographic of sex work internationally. It has common features across various contexts, such as migration from rural to urban areas and from developing nations to industrialized nations, and the economic factors that help to determine migrant status. Migrant sex workers have also been the subject of discussions concerning the legality of sex work, its connection to sex trafficking, and the views of national governments and non-governmental organizations about the regulation of sex work and the provision of services for victims of sex trafficking.

Prostitution in the Netherlands
Prostitution in the Netherlands is legal and regulated. Operating a brothel is also legal. De Wallen, the largest and best-known Red-light district in Amsterdam, is a destination for international sex tourism.
Sacca (Buddhism)
Sacca (Sanskrit: सत्य) is a Pali word meaning "real" or "true". In early Buddhist literature, sacca is often found in the context of the "Four Noble Truths", a crystallization of Buddhist wisdom.  In addition, sacca is one of the ten pāramīs or "most high" a bodhisatta must develop in order to become a Buddha.

Bhikkhu Bodhi
Jeffrey Block (born December 10, 1944), better known as Bhikkhu Bodhi, is an American Theravada monk ordained in Sri Lanka who teaches in the area of New York and New Jersey. He is an author and Buddhist commentator and was appointed the second president of the Buddhist Publication Society. He is also the president of the Buddhist Association of America and the founder of Buddhist Global Relief.
Xima Township, Hunan
Xima Township (simplified Chinese: 洗马乡; traditional Chinese: 洗馬鄉; pinyin: Xǐmǎ Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Hongjiang, Hunan, China. As of 2018, it has 11 villages under its administration.

Hongjiang
Hongjiang (Chinese: 洪江; pinyin: Hóngjiāng), formerly Qianyang County (simplified Chinese: 黔阳县; traditional Chinese: 黔陽縣; pinyin: Qiányáng Xiàn) is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Huaihua.

Located on the southwest of the province and the south of Huaihua, the city is bordered to the north by Zhongfang County, to the northwest by Zhijiang County, to the south by Huitong County, to the east by Dongkou County. Including the Hongjiang District, Hongjiang covers an area of 2,289 km2 (884 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 498,100. The city is divided into 26 township-level divisions, including four subdistricts and two townships of Hongjiang District. The government seat is Qiancheng Town (黔城镇).
Rubus obvius
Rubus obvius is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is endemic to the State of Maryland in the eastern United States.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with a limited range  such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Yolanda Guzmán (militant)
Yolanda Guzmán (1943 –  May 2, 1965) was a Dominican revolutionary, trade unionist and neighborhood leader. She opposed the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, which lasted until his assassination in 1961. She fought valiantly in the later conflicts that erupted the nation in turmoil, in which she was murdered during the April Revolution.

Juan Bosch (politician)
Juan Emilio Bosch y Gaviño (30 June 1909 – 1 November 2001), also known as El Profesor (Spanish for the Teacher), was a Dominican politician, historian, writer, essayist, educator, and the first democratically elected president of the Dominican Republic for seven months in 1963.

Juan Bosch was a leading opponent against the dictatorial regime of Rafael Trujillo, spending over two decades as the leader of the Dominican opposition while in exile. In 1939, he helped found the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) and returned to the Dominican Republic months after Trujillo's assassination in 1961, winning the first free elections in decades. In 1973, he founded the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD). He is remembered as an honest politician and regarded as one of the most prominent short-story writers in Dominican literature.
National Union Front (Iraq)
The National Union Front (Arabic: جبهة الاتحاد الوطني, romanized: Jabhat al-Ittihad al-Watani) was an Iraqi nationalist political alliance formed in 1954 and re-established in 1956 as a coalition of the Ba'ath Party, the Iraqi Communist Party, the Iraqi Independence Party, the National Democratic Party and later the Kurdistan Democratic Party. The alliance supported various Arab nationalist and liberation movements around the world, supporting the governments in Egypt and Syria and supporting the Algerian liberation movement. The alliance splintered and dissolved in the aftermath of the 1958 revolution led by Abd al-Karim Qasim after division across between Arab nationalists and Iraqi communists.

Iraqi nationalism
Iraqi nationalism is a form of nationalism that asserts the belief that Iraqis form a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Iraqis of different ethnoreligious groups such as Mesopotamian Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Yazidis, Mandeans, Shabaks.

Iraqi nationalism involves the recognition of an Iraqi identity stemming from ancient Mesopotamia including its civilizations and empires of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon and Assyria and influenced Iraq's movement for independence from Ottoman and from British occupation and was an important factor in the 1920 Revolution against the British and the 1958 Revolution against the British-installed Hashemite monarchy.
USS Chincoteague
USS Chincoteague (AVP-24) was a United States Navy seaplane tender in commission from 1943 to 1946 that saw service in the Pacific during World War II. After the war, she was in commission in the United States Coast Guard as the cutter USCGC Chincoteague (WAVP-375), later WHEC-375, from 1949 to 1972. She was transferred to South Vietnam in 1972 and was commissioned into service with the Republic of Vietnam Navy as the frigate RVNS Lý Thường Kiệt (HQ-16), seeing combat in the Battle of the Paracel Islands in 1974. When South Vietnam collapsed at the conclusion of the Vietnam War in 1975, she fled to the Philippines, where she was commissioned into the Philippine Navy, serving as the frigate RPS (later BRP)  Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7) from 1976 to 1985.

United States Coast Guard Cutter
United States Coast Guard Cutter is the term used by the U.S. Coast Guard for its commissioned vessels.  They are 65 feet (19.8 m) or greater in length and have a permanently assigned crew with accommodations aboard.  They carry the ship prefix USCGC.
Jenkka
Jenkka (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjeŋkːɑ]) is a fast Finnish partner dance found in Finnish folk dance, the Finnish version of the schottische. It is danced to music in 24 or 44 time signature, with about 140 beats per minute. The dance arose in the mid-19th century, and was being danced in rural areas in the 1960s.

Men and women do similar steps. The initial dance position is with the man to the left of the woman both facing in the direction of the line of dance, with their inner arms on each other's waists. The dancers go forward in a run similar to that of the polka: "left-right-left-hop (on the left foot)", "right-left-right-hop". After that they join the free arms, assume the face-to-face closed dance position and proceed with the chain of pivot turns stepping "left-right-left-right" or "left-hop-right-hop". The runs of similar steps are normally started at the beginnings of musical phrases.

Finnish actor and musician Georg Malmstén composed many jenkkas.

Partner dance
Partner dances are dances whose basic choreography involves coordinated dancing of two partners. As such it occupies a middle ground between individuals dancing alone or individually in a non-coordinated manner, and groups of people dancing simultaneously in a coordinated manner.
The Remix Album (Champion album)
The Remix Album is an album by Champion, released in 2006 on Saboteur Records. The album collects remixes by various Canadian musicians of tracks from Champion's 2004 debut album Chill'em All.

The album was nominated for Dance Recording of the Year at the 2007 Juno Awards, but lost to Tiga's album Sexor.

Chill'em All
Chill'em All is the debut album by Canadian electronic musician Champion, released in 2004 on Saboteur Records.

A 32-second cut of "No Heaven" serves as the opening theme for the 2009 Canadian TV series The Line. "No Heaven" was also used in a trailer for the First-person shooter/Role-playing game Borderlands, in addition to playing over the game's end credits. Also featured in the endings of the video game Army of Two.
Doratomyces
Doratomyces (Dor-ah-toe-mice’-ees) is a genus of the fungi imperfecti, closely related to Scopulariopsis.  Their conidiophores gather together to form a stalk-like inflorescence known as a synnema or coremia; Scopulariopsis being distinguished in their lack of such a structure.

Usually associated with decay, they are usually found in association with dead wood, rotting plants, and in soil or dung.  Economically, they can cause rot in potatoes, oats and corn.

Scopulariopsis
Scopulariopsis is a genus of anamorphic fungi that are saprobic and pathogenic to animals. The widespread genus contains 22 species. Scopulariopsis belongs to the group Hyphomycetes. These species are commonly found in soil, decaying wood, and various other plant and animal products. In indoor environment Scopulariopsis is found on dry walls, cellulose board, wallpaper, wood, and mattress dust.  Species of Scopulariopsis have also been isolated from carpets, hospital floors, swimming pools, wooden food packing, shoes and wood pulp. Scopulariopsis species are sometimes encountered growing on meat in storage.  Some of the common species are S. brevicaulis, S. brumptii, S. candida and S. asperula.
Johannis de Rijke
Johannis de Rijke (Japanese: ヨハニス・デ・レーケ, Hepburn: Yohanisu de Rēke; 5 December 1842 – 20 January 1913) was a Dutch civil engineer and a foreign advisor to the Japanese government in Meiji period Japan. He made significant contributions in the enhancement of Japan's river systems and the development of its port facilities, which were vital in the industrialisation and infrastructure advancement of the nation during the Meiji era.

Arriving in Japan in 1873, he was instrumental in the amelioration of the Yodo River in Osaka and the Kiso River in Nagoya. He played an integral role in the development of the Yokohama and Kobe ports, turning them into significant hubs of international trade.

De Rijke's efforts were instrumental in substantially mitigating flood risks, enhancing navigational capabilities, and boosting trade and transportation, thereby accelerating Japan's modernisation.

Kuzuryū River
The Kuzuryū River (九頭竜川, Kuzuryū-gawa) is a river flowing through Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It has its source at the Aburasaka Pass (油坂峠 Aburasaka-tōge) in the city of Ōno and empties into the Sea of Japan near the city of Sakai.