hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naidu
Naidu (also spelled as Nayudu, Naidoo) is a Telugu title commonly used by various Telugu castes. 'Nayudu/Naidu' is a contraction of the Telugu word 'Nayakudu' meaning leader, chief, headman. Telugu castes such as the Kapu/Balija, Kamma, Gavara, Golla, Turpu Kapu, Velama, Boya among others use the title.

In Rayalaseema and North / Western Tamil Nadu, the term Naidu primarily refers to the Kamma caste.

In Coastal Andhra, the term Naidu primarily refers to the Kapu caste.

Turpu Kapu
Turpu Kapu is an eastern area name of the Kapu caste is an Indian caste in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This caste belongs to the Other Backward Class (OBC) category added by the Government of Andhra Pradesh .  They are primarily found in the erstwhile districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam with smaller numbers in other regions of the state. Traditionally they were warriors and farmers. They are a politically prominent community in the Uttarandhra region of the state.

The word 'Turpu' means eastern in Telugu, an appellation based on their preponderance in the northeastern region of Andhra (Uttarandhra).
Escondido Summit
Escondido Summit, elevation 3,258 ft (993 m), is a mountain pass in northern Los Angeles County, California.

It is located at the highest point along California Highway 14, which crests in the foothills of the Sierra Pelona Mountains just 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of Acton, California.

Sierra Pelona Ridge
The Sierra Pelona, also known as the Sierra Pelona Ridge or the Sierra Pelona Mountains and originally known as the Liebre Mountains, is a mountain ridge in the Transverse Ranges in Southern California. Located in northwest Los Angeles County, the ridge is bordered on the north by the San Andreas Fault and lies within and is surrounded by the Angeles National Forest and a tiny section in the Los Padres National Forest.
New York Crew
New York Crew is an EP released by the New York City hardcore band Judge. The record was released on guitarist John Porcelly's record label, Schism Records, in 1988. The record was then later repressed by Revelation Records.

At the time of recording and release, Judge was a two-man project, featuring both John "Porcell" Porcelly (at the time of Youth Of Today) and former Death Before Dishonor drummer Mike "Judge" Ferraro. Porcell played the guitar and bass tracks on the record, whilst Mike played drums as well as doing the vocal tracks (not both at the same time). The EP only took about five hours to complete, including the mixing.

The following year, in 1989, as well as re-pressing the EP onto vinyl, the tracks also appeared as bonus tracks on the end of CD version of the band's LP, Bringin' It Down, released by Revelation Records. In 2005, Revelation Records re-released the tracks again, this time as part of the band's discography, entitled What It Meant: The Complete Discography.

Bringin' It Down
Bringin' It Down is an LP released by the New York hardcore band Judge. It was released on Revelation Records in 1989. The original recording of the album was released under the title Chung King Can Suck It (with two additional tracks that did not make it onto Bringin' It Down). This recording, which had been made at Chung King Studios, was rejected by the band after thousands of dollars had been spent on it. Since there had been substantial pre-orders of Bringin' It Down the label printed 110 copies of the rejected recording under its alternate title, to satisfy demand until the band could re-record it at a different studio. The popularity of Judge in the hardcore straight edge scene, and the severely limited release, has made Chung King Can Suck It likely the most sought after and expensive hardcore record ever (though Revelation Records never profited from it). Copies, when they are sold, sell for over a thousand dollars.
A Pocketful of Python
A Pocketful of Python is a series of five books by the Monty Python team, in which each of the surviving members selects their favourite material from the group’s TV series, films, records and books. The first two volumes, by Terry Jones and John Cleese, were released in 1999 as part of the team’s 30th anniversary celebrations. Two further volumes, by Terry Gilliam and Michael Palin, followed in 2000 while the final volume, by Eric Idle, was eventually released in 2002. Each team member’s volume includes a preface written by one of the other Pythons. In 2006 all five volumes were released as a single paperback edition, entitled The Very Best of Monty Python.

The concept of each Python choosing their favourite material was later revisited for the TV series Monty Python's Personal Best.

Piranha Brothers
"Piranha Brothers" is a Monty Python sketch from the first episode of the second series of Monty Python's Flying Circus. The 14th episode of the series overall, it premiered on BBC1 in the United Kingdom on 15 September 1970. The sketch constitutes a loose pastiche of the Richardson gang and the Kray twins, notorious gangsters from the East End of London in the 1950s and 1960s, and the latter's investigation by Nipper Read.

A slightly re-worked version of the sketch appeared on the album Another Monty Python Record, released in the UK on 8 October 1971, and in the United States on 21 August 1972. It was also featured in Monty Python's Big Red Book, published in 1971.
Unfaithfully Yours (1948 film)
Unfaithfully Yours is a 1948 American screwball black comedy film written and directed by Preston Sturges, and starring Rex Harrison, Linda Darnell, Rudy Vallée and Barbara Lawrence.  The film is about a jealous symphony conductor who imagines three different ways to deal with the supposed infidelity of his beautiful wife—murder, forbearance, and a suicidal game of Russian roulette—during a concert of three inspiring pieces of classical music. At home, his attempts to bring any of his fantasies to life swiftly devolve into farce, underscored with humorous adaptations of the relevant music. Although the film, which was the first of two Sturges made for Twentieth Century-Fox, received mostly positive reviews, it was not successful at the box office.

Tannhäuser (opera)
Tannhäuser (German: [ˈtanhɔʏzɐ]; full title Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg, "Tannhäuser and the Minnesängers' Contest at Wartburg") is an 1845 opera in three acts, with music and text by Richard Wagner (WWV 70 in the catalogue of the composer's works). It is based on two German legends: Tannhäuser, the mythologized medieval German Minnesänger and poet, and the tale of the Wartburg Song Contest. The story centres on the struggle between sacred and profane love, as well as redemption through love, a theme running through most of Wagner's work.

The opera remains a staple of major opera house repertoire in the 21st century.
Municipal Handicap
The Municipal Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race for horses of either sex age three and older. It was held at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx, New York from inception in 1895 through 1904 when the racetrack closed. It was then run at the newly built Belmont Park from 1905 to 1909 then revived in 1914 and run until 1918 when the race was discontinued.

Morris Park Racecourse
Morris Park Racecourse was an American thoroughbred horse racing facility from 1889 to 1904. It was located in a part of Westchester County, New York that was annexed into the Bronx in 1895 and later developed as the neighborhood of Morris Park. The racecourse was the site of the Belmont Stakes from 1890 through 1904 as well as the Preakness Stakes in 1890.
Olyra (fish)
Olyra is a genus of catfishes of the family Bagridae. This genus occurs throughout South Asia and western Indochina, from India to western Thailand.

In Asia, Olyra species are known as fighting catfish; they are placed in small aquaria to battle one another similar to Siamese fighting fish, and money is bet on the outcome.

Franz Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner described hundreds of new species of fish and dozens of new amphibians and reptiles. At least seven species of reptile have been named after him.
Orchestral Suite No. 3 (Tchaikovsky)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his Orchestral Suite No. 3 in G, Op. 55 in 1884, writing it concurrently with his Concert Fantasia in G, Op. 56, for piano and orchestra. The originally intended opening movement of the suite, Contrastes, instead became the closing movement of the fantasia. Both works were also intended initially as more mainstream compositions than they became; the fantasia was intended as a piano concerto, while the suite was conceived as a symphony.

The suite's first performance was in Saint Petersburg, Russia on January 24, 1885, under the direction of Hans von Bülow.  It was dedicated to the conductor Max Erdmannsdörfer, who gave the Moscow premiere a few days later, and who had conducted the premieres of the first two suites.

Variation (music)
In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve melody, rhythm, harmony, counterpoint, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.

Variation is often contrasted with musical development, which is a slightly different means to the same end. Variation depends upon one type of presentation at a time, while development is carried out upon portions of material treated in many different presentations and combinations at a time.
Assertoricity
Assertoric is an adjectival expression in Aristotelian logic that refers to propositions which merely assert that something is (or is not) the case. Assertoricity is the corresponding abstract noun.

Assertoric propositions contrast with problematic propositions which assert the possibility of something being true, and apodeictic propositions which assert things which are necessarily or self-evidently true or false. For instance, "Chicago is larger than Omaha" is assertoric. "A corporation could be wealthier than a country" is problematic. "Two plus two equals four" is apodeictic.

Term logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics. It was revived after the third century CE by Porphyry's Isagoge.

Term logic revived in medieval times, first in Islamic logic by Alpharabius in the tenth century, and later in Christian Europe in the twelfth century with the advent of new logic, remaining dominant until the advent of predicate logic in the late nineteenth century.

However, even if eclipsed by newer logical systems, term logic still plays a significant role in the study of logic. Rather than radically breaking with term logic, modern logics typically expand it.
GCGV Tsotne Dadiani
USCGC Point Countess (WPB-82335) was an 82-foot (25 m) Point class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1962 for use as a law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boat. Since the Coast Guard policy in 1962 was not to name cutters under 100 feet (30 m) in length, it was designated as WPB-82335 when commissioned and acquired the name Point Countess in January 1964 when the Coast Guard started naming all cutters longer than 65 feet (20 m).

Point-class cutter
The Point-class cutter was a class of 82-foot patrol vessels designed to replace the United States Coast Guard's aging 83-foot wooden hull patrol boat being used at the time. The boats had a mild steel hull and an aluminum superstructure. The Coast Guard Yard discontinued building the 95-foot Cape-class cutter to have the capacity to produce the 82-foot Point-class patrol boat in 1960. They served as patrol vessels used in law enforcement and search and rescue along the coasts of the United States and the Caribbean. They also served in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. They were replaced by the 87-foot Marine Protector-class patrol boats beginning in the late 1990s.
Psychodomorpha
The nematoceran infraorder Psychodomorpha (sometimes misspelled as Psychomorpha, which is the name of a genus of noctuid moths) includes three families, Psychodidae, Blephariceridae, and Tanyderidae, as well as the superfamily Scatopsoidea, which contains the families Canthyloscelidae, Scatopsidae and Valeseguyidae.

Canthyloscelidae
The Canthyloscelidae are a small family of midges closely related to the Scatopsidae.

Adults are small to medium-sized (2.5-9.0 mm) flies, relatively stout, usually dark coloured Nematocera with stout legs. They are associated with ancient woodland. Larvae are xylosaprophagous and live in the moist, rotting wood of stumps and fallen trees.

Most are considered endangered due to the vulnerability of their habitat.

Fifteen described species live in New Zealand, North America, South America, Japan and Russia, and one is known from the Jurassic fossil record.
The Memoirs of Naim Bey
The Memoirs of Naim Bey: Turkish Official Documents Relating to the Deportation and the Massacres of Armenians, containing the Talat Pasha telegrams, is a book published by historian and journalist Aram Andonian in 1919. Originally redacted in Armenian, it was popularized worldwide through the English edition published by Hodder & Stoughton of London. It includes several documents (telegrams) that constitute evidence that the Armenian genocide was formally implemented as Ottoman Empire policy.

The first edition in English had an introduction by Viscount Gladstone.

Vahakn Dadrian
Vahakn Norair Dadrian (Armenian: Վահագն Տատրեան; 26 May 1926 – 2 August 2019) was an Armenian-American sociologist and historian, born in Turkey, professor of sociology, historian, and an expert on the Armenian genocide.
Hassa bint Mohammed Al Nahyan
Sheikha Hassa bint Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan (Arabic: الشيخة حـصـة بـنت محمـد بن خليفة آل نهيـان; 17 June 1922 – 28 January 2018) was the first wife of the founder and the first President of the United Arab Emirates, the Emir of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.

She was the mother of the former president of UAE and emir of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa II (7 September 1948 – 13 May 2022). Her father was Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, who was a first cousin of her husband and also was a senior figure of the House of Al Nahyan, until his death in 1979. Her mother was Sheikha Hassa bint Saqr Al Nahyan, who was also another first cousin of Sheikh Zayed himself. Therefore, Sheikha Hassa bint Mohammed and her husband Sheikh Zayed were double first cousins once removed.

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان, romanized: Zāyid bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was an Emirati politician, philanthropist, and the founding father of the United Arab Emirates. Zayed served as the governor of Eastern Region from 1946 until he became the ruler of Abu Dhabi in 1966, and served as the first president of the United Arab Emirates from its independence on 2 December 1971 until his death in 2004. He is referred in the United Arab Emirates as the Father of the Nation for being the principal driving force behind the unification of the United Arab Emirates.

Zayed replaced his older brother Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan as the ruler of Abu Dhabi on 6 August 1966 after Shakhbut was deposed through a bloodless coup by members of the ruling family with British support.
Malchow (Amt)
Malchow is an Amt in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Malchow. The Amt was established on 1 January 2005, following the administrative merger of the former Amt Malchow-Land and the formerly unincorporated island town of Malchow.

The Amt Malchow consists of the following municipalities:

Alt Schwerin

Fünfseen

Göhren-Lebbin

Malchow

Nossentiner Hütte

Silz

Walow

Zislow

Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːklənˌbuʁɡɪʃə ˈzeːənˌplatə], lit. 'Mecklenburg Lake Plateau') is a district in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Ludwigslust-Parchim, Rostock (district), Vorpommern-Rügen, Vorpommern-Greifswald, and the state Brandenburg to the south. The district covers the largest area of all German districts and more than double the area of the state of Saarland. The district seat is the town Neubrandenburg.
Belle Kogan
Belle Kogan (1902–2000) was a Russian-American industrial designer and is regarded as the first prominent female in the profession in the United States (Godmother of Industrial Design) as well as one of the founders of the profession itself.  In 1994, she was recognized as a fellow of both the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) and Industrial Designers Institute (IDI).

Reed & Barton
Reed & Barton was a prominent American silversmith manufacturer based in the city of Taunton, Massachusetts, operating between 1824 and 2015. Its products include sterling silver and silverplate flatware. The company produced many varieties of britannia and silver products since Henry G. Reed and Charles E. Barton took over the failing works of Isaac Babbitt in Taunton.  During the American Civil War, Reed & Barton produced a considerable quantity of weapons for Union Army soldiers and officers.
Annamoe
Annamoe (Irish: Áth na mBó, meaning 'ford of the cows') is a village located on the Avonmore river in County Wicklow, Ireland about 32 km (20 mi) south of Dublin. It is on the R755 road (at the junction with the R763) between Roundwood and Laragh on the road to Glendalough.

The small stone humpback bridge is a common place for tourists to stop and view the County Wicklow scenery. There is a trout fishery in the village with a 4-acre (16,000 m2) lake where one can fly or bait fish. A separate fishing pond for children allows them to catch brown and rainbow trout.

Annamoe and the surrounding countryside is a breeding stronghold of the great spotted woodpecker, Ireland's newest species.

Castle Kevin, close to Annamoe, of which a few ruins survive, was a medieval fort which formed an important part of Dublin city's defences against raids by the O'Toole clan. The constable was an important Crown official.

Roundwood
Roundwood, historically known as Tóchar (Irish: an Tóchar [ənˠ ˈt̪ˠoːxəɾˠ], meaning 'the causeway'), is a village in County Wicklow, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, Roundwood had a population of 907 people.
Termitomyces heimii
Termitomyces heimii is a species of agaric fungus in the family Lyophyllaceae. It has symbiotic relationship with termites. Described as new to science in 1979, it is found in India. The specific epithet heimii honors French mycologist Roger Heim. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) produced by the fungus are edible.

Lyophyllaceae
The Lyophyllaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. A 2008 estimate indicated eight genera and 157 species; as of November 2014, the Catalog of Life lists 13 genera in the family.  The taxon was originally circumscribed in 1938 by mycologist Robert Kühner as the tribe Lyophylleae (in the family Tricholomataceae), but raised to the taxonomic rank of family and renamed the Lyophyllaceae by Walter Jülich in 1981.

Some species are popular as edible fungi, such as the brown beech mushroom Hypsizygus tessulatus, the St. George's mushroom Calocybe gambosa, and Lyophyllum shimeji.
John Carmack
John D. Carmack II (born August 21, 1970) is an American computer programmer and video game developer. He co-founded the video game company id Software and was the lead programmer of its 1990s games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and their sequels. Carmack made innovations in 3D computer graphics, such as his Carmack's Reverse algorithm for shadow volumes.

In 2013, he resigned from id Software to work full-time at Oculus VR as their CTO. In 2019, he reduced his role to Consulting CTO so he could allocate more time toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). In 2022, he left Oculus to work on his AGI startup, Keen Technologies.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Manorbier Dovecote
Manorbier Dovecote stands in the village of Manorbier, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is within the Manorbier Castle estate, about 100m north-west of the castle. Dating from the 12th or 13th centuries, the dovecote is a Grade II* listed building and a scheduled monument.

Dovecote
A dovecote or dovecot /ˈdʌvkɒt/, doocot (Scots) or columbarium is a structure intended to house pigeons or doves. Dovecotes may be free-standing structures in a variety of shapes, or built into the end of a house or barn. They generally contain pigeonholes for the birds to nest. Pigeons and doves were an important food source historically in the Middle East and Europe and were kept for their eggs and dung.
1971 WFA Cup final
The  1971 WFA Cup Final was the first final of the WFA Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. The showpiece event was played under the auspices of the Women's Football Association (WFA). Southampton and Stewarton Thistle contested the match at Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London on 9 May 1971. Southampton won the match 4–1. There was some controversy surrounding the match however. Accusations were made that Southampton were essentially a team of players taken from several different clubs in the Hampshire League and were misrepresenting themselves. Southampton were fined £25 by the FA but allowed to keep the trophy.

Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
The National Sports Centre at Crystal Palace in south London, England is a large sports centre and outdoor athletics stadium. It was opened in 1964 in Crystal Palace Park, close to the site of the former Crystal Palace Exhibition building which had been destroyed by fire in 1936, and is on the same site as the former FA Cup Final venue which was used here between 1895 and 1914.

It was one of the five National Sports Centres, run on behalf of Sport England, but responsibility was transferred to the London Development Agency (now GLA Land and Property) and is managed by Greenwich Leisure Limited, under their Better brand logo.

The athletics stadium has a capacity of 15,500, which can be increased to 24,000 with temporary seating. It has hosted international athletics meetings in the past.

As well as sporting events, the stadium has played host to a number of live open air concerts, by artists such as Coldplay, Bruce Springsteen, Sex Pistols and Depeche Mode.
Air Tahiti Flight 805
On 18 April 1991, Air Tahiti Flight 805, a Dornier 228-212 flying a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Hiva Oa to Nuku Hiva in French Polynesia, crashed following a ditching attempt whilst on approach to Nuku Hiva Airport, killing 10 of the 22 occupants on board.

Nuku Hiva Airport
Nuku Hiva Airport is an airport on Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. The airport is located 19 km (12 mi) northwest of the main village of Taiohae. It is also known as Nuku A Taha ("Deserted Land").  The drive to Taiohae is over dirt roads and takes 90 minutes.

Plans for the airport were revealed in 1976. It was to be constructed in two stages, with the first phase consisting of a 1,500 meter runway, which would be expanded to 2,650 meters in phase two. Construction began in 1979. The second phase was never built.