hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsarist officers in the Red Army
During the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923, a number of former Tsarist officers joined the Red Army, either voluntarily or as a result of coercion. This list includes officers of the Imperial Russian Army commissioned before 1917 who joined the Bolsheviks as commanders or as military specialists. For former Tsarist NCOs promoted under the Soviets, see Mustang.

Praporshchik
Praporshchik (Russian: прапорщик, IPA: [ˈprapərɕːɪk], lit. 'ensign') is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to michman in the corresponding navies. It is usually equivalent to warrant officer class 1 or sergeant major in English-speaking armies. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OR-7 or OR-8.
Jan Ridderbos
Jan Ridderbos (24 November 1879 in Bedum – 4 July 1960) was a minister in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and since 1912 professor of Old Testament at the Theological College (Old Street) in Kampen.

Jan Ridderbos was the father of Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos, later professor in Kampen, and Nicolaas Herman Ridderbos, later a professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
The Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Dutch: Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland, abbreviated Gereformeerde kerk) was the second largest Protestant church in the Netherlands and one of the two major Calvinist denominations along with the Dutch Reformed Church since 1892 until being merged into the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) in 2004. The PKN is the continuation of the Dutch Reformed Church, the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
2 Corinthians 4
2 Corinthians 4 is the fourth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was written by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) from Macedonia in 55–56 CE. This chapter is part of a section (from 2 Corinthians 2:14 to 5:19) which deals with Paul's authority as an apostle. Twice in this chapter (in verses 1 and 16) this sentence occurs: "Therefore, we do not lose heart".

2 Corinthians 2
2 Corinthians 2 is the second chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE. In this chapter, Paul extends an explanation commenced in chapter 1 as to why he is not visiting Corinth prior to his return journey to Judea.
Dallgow-Döberitz station
Dallgow-Döberitz (German: Bahnhof Dallgow-Döberitz) is a railway station located in Dallgow-Döberitz, Germany. The station is located on the Berlin-Lehrte Railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn (ODEG).

The station was opened with the construction of the Berlin–Lehrte railway in 1871 as Dallgow. It was renamed Dallgow-Döberitz in 1898. In 1996, as the railway was converted into a high-speed line, an island platform was built for the regional traffic.

The station is served by the following services as of 2026:

Regional service RE 4 (Stendal –) Rathenow – Dallgow-Döberitz – Berlin Jungfernheide – Berlin Südkreuz – Ludwigsfelde – Jüterbog (– Falkenberg)

Regional service RB 21 Potsdam – Wustermark – Elstal – Berlin-Spandau – Berlin Gesundbrunnen

Stendal Hauptbahnhof
Stendal Hauptbahnhof (German: Stendal Hauptbahnhof) is a railway station in the town of Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The station lies on the Berlin-Lehrte railway, Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway, Magdeburg-Wittenberge railway, Stendal–Uelzen railway, Stendal-Tangermünde railway and Stendal–Niedergörne railway. It is an important railway hub for regional trains and is also used by Intercity and Intercity-Express (ICE) trains regularly. Until the winter 2012 timetable Stendal station was only by Deutsche Bahn trains. Since December 2012, the station has also been served by some services operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.
UTSA Roadrunners football
The UTSA Roadrunners football program represents the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) in the sport of American football. The Roadrunners compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the American Conference. They are coached by Jeff Traylor, who started in 2020. The Roadrunners play their home games at the Alamodome, which has a seating capacity of 65,000 but whose capacity for UTSA games is normally restricted to 36,582.

NCAA Division I FCS independent schools
NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not members of a football conference. This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do.

As of the most recent 2025 season, Merrimack and Sacred Heart competed as independents since their primary conference, the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, does not sponsor football. They were previously members of the Northeast Conference (now officially known as NEC), which sponsored the sport. Following the 2025 season, Sacred Heart will leave the independent ranks to join CAA Football.

As of the 2026 season, Chicago State, a full NEC member, will play its first season of varsity football as an FCS independent before joining NEC football in 2027.
2019 Tampere Open
The 2019 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts for men and indoor hard courts for women. It was the 38th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Tampere, Finland, on 22–28 July 2019.

Tampere Open
The Tampere Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour, and has been held annually at the Tampere Tennis Center in Tampere, Finland, since 2008 (and 2007 for the women's ITF). Prior to that ATP Challenger competition was held at the Pyynikki tennis courts from 1982–2007. It is the longest running ATP organized event on the Challenger Tour, becoming the first tournament to celebrate its 40-year anniversary in 2022.
47th Motor Rifle Division
The 47th Motor Rifle Division was a motorized infantry division of the Soviet Army from 1969 to 1989. It was based in Konotop and became the 5198th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base in 1989. The 5198th combined with the 39th Guards Motor Rifle Division in 1991 to form the 5001st Guards Weapons and Equipment Storage Base.

39th Guards Motor Rifle Division
The 39th Guards Motor Rifle Division of the Soviet Ground Forces was a mechanised infantry division active from 1965 to 1992. It was originally formed as the 39th Guards Rifle Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. It was formed during the German-Soviet War as part of the 62nd Army and assigned to the defense of Stalingrad, officially arriving at the theater in August 1942. In September the division fought through German forces which were attempting to encircle the city, and was assigned to defend the 'Volga Corridor,' the last supply line remaining for Soviet units in the city.
Eagle 69
The Eagle 69, also known as the Eagle Mark 7, was an open-wheel race car developed and built by Dan Gurney's All American Racers team, designed to compete in USAC IndyCar racing, starting in the 1969 season. In its most powerful form, It was powered by a small-displacement turbocharged Ford V8 engine, capable of producing over 800 hp (600 kW).

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Words (Daya song)
"Words" is a song by American singer Daya. The song was released on November 15, 2016, as the third single and only non-EP single from her debut studio album, Sit Still, Look Pretty (2016). It was written by Gino Barletta, Melanie Fontana, and Jonas Jeberg, with the production being handled by Barletta.

Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the world's largest parade, is an annual parade in New York City presented by the American department store chain Macy's. While not the first such event held in the United States, the Macy's Parade has become a traditional event watched by many millions of television viewers and in-person spectators each year. The parade was first held in 1924,: 9  tying it for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being four years younger than Philadelphia's Thanksgiving Day Parade). The three-hour parade is held in Manhattan, ending outside Macy's Herald Square, and takes place from 8:30 a.m. to noon Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1953.

The 100th anniversary of the first parade was 2024. Since the parade was canceled during World War II (1942–1944), the 100th parade will take place in 2026.
1989 DFB-Supercup
The 1989 DFB-Supercup was the third DFB-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions.

The match was played at the Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, and contested by league champions Bayern Munich and cup winners Borussia Dortmund.

Franz Beckenbauer Supercup
The Franz Beckenbauer Supercup or German Super Cup is an annual football match in Germany that features the winners of the Bundesliga championship and the DFB-Pokal. The competition is run by the Deutsche Fußball Liga (English: German Football League).
Kwang Pu Chen
Kwang Pu Chen (traditional Chinese: 陳光甫; simplified Chinese: 陈光甫; pinyin: Chén Guāngfǔ; Wade–Giles: Chen Kuang-fu; 17 December 1881 – 1 July 1976) was a Shanghai-based Chinese banker and State Councillor. He was the founder of the first modern Chinese savings bank, the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank, the Shanghai Commercial Bank, a travel agency, as well as the China Assurance Corporation Ltd.

He was one of China's most successful entrepreneurs in the twentieth century, particularly influential in the financial and business world of Shanghai.  He played a key role in negotiating financial aid from the United States in 1937-1940, working with Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau.

Linsun Cheng, in his Banking in Modern China: Entrepreneurs, Professional Managers, and the Development of Chinese, says, "It is almost impossible to describe any significant innovation in the history of modern Chinese banks without mentioning K. P. Chen's name."

H. H. Kung
Kung Hsiang-hsi (Chinese: 孔祥熙; pinyin: Kǒng Xiángxī; Wade–Giles: K'ung3 Hsiang2-hsi1; 11 September 1880 – 16 August 1967), also known as Dr. Chauncey Kung, was a Chinese banker and government official  influential in China's politics and economy of the 1920s through the 1940s.  His wife was Soong Ai-ling, the eldest of the three Soong sisters; the other two married President Sun Yat-sen and President Chiang Kai-shek. Together with his brother-in-law, T. V. Soong, he was highly influential in determining the economic policies of the Nationalist Party-led Republic of China (1912–1949) in the 1930s and 1940s.
Danger Girl (video game)
Danger Girl is a 2000 third-person shooter video game developed by n-Space and published by THQ. It was released for the PlayStation, and is loosely based on the comic book of the same name. It follows Abbey Chase, Sydney Savage and JC as they battle Major Maxim and Natalia Kassle.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
Stanford Championships
The Stanford Championships was an event in the Outback Champions Series for senior tennis players. It began in 2006 in Memphis, Tennessee, but relocated to Dallas, Texas, in 2007. It is sponsored by the Stanford Financial Group.

Champions Series (senior men's tennis tour)
Since 2006, the Champions Series is a series of tennis tournaments designed for former champion members of the ATP Tour. The Champions Series consists of tournaments played in select markets where top players of the sport compete in one-night, four-player events with two one-set semifinal matches and a one-set championship match played in one evening. Eligible players competing on the Champions Series have either held a Top 5 singles ranking; been a Grand-Slam singles finalist, or a singles player on a championship Davis Cup team during their ATP tour playing careers. The Champions Series allows one wild card of their choice at each event. The series is produced by Inside Out Sports & Entertainment. The minimum age to participate in a tournament is 30.
WHXT
WHXT (103.9 FM) is a mainstream urban radio station licensed to Orangeburg, South Carolina and serves the Columbia metropolitan area. The Connoisseur Media outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 9.2 kW. The station goes by the name Hot 103.9/93.9 and its current slogan is "Columbia's #1 Choice for Blazin' Hip-Hop and R&B." Its studios are on Pineview Road in Columbia, while the transmitter tower is located west of St. Matthews, South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.

Connoisseur Media
Connoisseur Media LLC is an American media company. It is based in Westport, Connecticut and led by Jeff Warshaw. As of September 2025, Connoisseur operates 207 radio stations and digital assets in 24 states.
Lights...Camera...Suicidal
Lights...Camera...Suicidal is a 1990 home video released by American hardcore punk band Suicidal Tendencies. It was released to accompany their fourth album Lights...Camera...Revolution!, which was released four months earlier, and contains six of the band's music videos, with frontman Mike Muir speaking about each one, and a live video for "War Inside My Head". Lights...Camera...Suicidal is currently out of print, and has never been released on DVD.

With the exception of "Possessed to Skate", all videos on this VHS are from Suicidal Tendencies' tenure on Epic Records, therefore it does not include their debut music video "Institutionalized", or "The Feeling's Back", although the latter was released on the band's Epic debut How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today.

Lights...Camera...Revolution!
Lights... Camera... Revolution! is the fifth studio album by American crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies, released in 1990. This was the band's first release with bassist Robert Trujillo and their last studio album with drummer R.J. Herrera.
Walter E. Bezanson
Walter E. Bezanson (June 19, 1911, in Needham, Massachusetts – February 5, 2011, in Saint Paul, Minnesota) was a scholar and critic of American literature best known for his studies of Herman Melville and contributions to the Melville revival that restored the writer to prominence in the 1940s and 1950s. Bezanson's research and editorial work rescued from neglect Melville's unappreciated epic poem, Clarel, and he published essays on Moby-Dick that were widely cited and reprinted.

He joined the English Department of Rutgers University and taught there for 35 years. He was a founding member and three-time president of the Melville Society, which established the Walter Bezanson Memorial prize in his honor. He was awarded a Fulbright professorship in Belgium and  Ford Foundation Faculty Fellowship 1952–1953.

Newton Arvin
Frederic Newton Arvin (August 23, 1900 – March 21, 1963) was an American literary critic and academic. He achieved national recognition for his studies of individual nineteenth-century American authors.

After teaching at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, for 38 years, he was forced into retirement in 1960 after pleading guilty to charges stemming from the possession of pictures of semi-nude males that the law deemed pornographic.

Arvin was also one of the first lovers of the author Truman Capote.
1975 World Netball Championships
The 1975 World Netball Championships was the fourth edition of the INF Netball World Cup, a quadrennial premier event in international netball. It took place from 22 August to 4 September and was held in Auckland, New Zealand. It featured 11 teams with the debut of (Fiji and Papua New Guinea).

After each team had played ten games, Australia successfully defended its 1969 title with nine wins and a draw (against New Zealand). England took the silver medal and New Zealand took the bronze medal.

Netball World Cup
The Netball World Cup is a quadrennial international netball world championship organised by World Netball, inaugurated in 1963. Since its inception the competition has been dominated primarily by the Australia national netball team and the New Zealand national netball team, Trinidad and Tobago is the only other team to have won a title (a three-way tie in the 1979 championship). The most recent tournament was the 2023 Netball World Cup in Cape Town, South Africa, which was won by Australia.
Automotive industry by country
This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.

The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan. In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.

Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Motor Company, often referred to as Hyundai Motors (Korean: 현대자동차) and commonly known as Hyundai (현대; [ˈhjəːndɛ]; 'modernity'), is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, which was founded in 1967. Currently, the company owns 33.88 percent of Kia Corporation, and owns a luxury cars subsidiary, Genesis. The three brands altogether make up the Hyundai Motor Group.

Hyundai operates the second largest automobile manufacturing facility in the world in Ulsan, South Korea which has an annual production capacity of 1.6 million units. The company employs approximately 75,000 people worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. As of November 2024, Hyundai is the world's third-largest carmaker in terms of production, behind competitors Toyota and Volkswagen.
Maserati in motorsport
Throughout its history, the Italian auto manufacturer Maserati has participated in various forms of motorsport including Formula One, sportscar racing and touring car racing, both as a works team and through private entrants. Maserati currently competes in Formula E in partnership with the Monaco Sports Group (MSG) as Maserati MSG Racing.

World Sportscar Championship
The World Sportscar Championship was the world endurance racing series run for sports car racing, sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), from 1953 to 1992. The championship evolved from a small collection of the most important sportscar, endurance, and road racing events in Europe and North America with dozens of gentleman drivers at the grid to a professional racing series where the world's largest automakers spent millions of dollars per year.

The official name of the series frequently changed throughout the years but was generally known as the World Sportscar Championship from its inception in 1953. Alongside the Formula One World Championship, it was one of the two major World Championships in circuit motor racing. The championship was revived in the 2012 season under the new name as the FIA World Endurance Championship.
Ardennais
The Ardennais or Ardennes is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, and originates from the Ardennes area in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work.

Their history reaches back to Ancient Rome, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the Belgian breed had any significant impact. The first Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. The horses have been used throughout history as war horses, both as cavalry mounts and to draw artillery, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive driving events. They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.

Horse meat
Horse meat forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many countries, particularly in Europe and Asia. The eight countries that consume the most horse meat consume the meat from about 4.3 million horses a year. For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.
School Ghost Stories 3
School Ghost Stories 3 (Japanese: 学校の怪談３, Hepburn: Gakkō no Kaidan 3), also known as Haunted School 3, is a 1997 Japanese film directed by Shūsuke Kaneko. The film is about elementary school children who are taken to an alternate universe through a school mirror.

The film was one of the higher grossing Japanese films in 1997, grossing as much as Rebirth of Mothra and Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth. The film won Naomi Nishida the award for Best Newcomer at the 21st Japan Academy Prize.

Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth
Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン 劇場版 シト新生, Shin Seiki Evangerion Gekijō-ban: Shi to Shinsei), also romanized in Japan as Evangelion: Death and Evangelion: Rebirth, is a 1997 Japanese animated apocalyptic science fiction film. It is the first installment of the Neon Genesis Evangelion feature film project and consists of two parts. The project, whose overarching title translates literally to New Era Evangelion: The Movie, was released in response to the success of the TV series and a strong demand by fans for an alternate ending. Its components have since been re-edited and re-released several times.
Tékumel
Tékumel is a fantasy world created by American linguist and writer M. A. R. Barker over the course of several decades from around 1940. In this imaginary world, huge, tradition-bound empires with medieval levels of technology vie for control using magic, large standing armies, and ancient technological devices. In time, Barker created the tabletop role-playing game Empire of the Petal Throne, set in the Tékumel universe, initially self publishing it in 1974. Later, Barker wrote a series of five novels set in Tékumel, beginning with The Man of Gold, first published by DAW Books in 1984.

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.