hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dębczyn culture
The Dębczyn culture (Dębczyno, in German also Denziner) is an archeological culture in Pomerania from the third to sixth centuries. It was derived from the neighboring Wielbark culture with influences from the Elbe region. The culture was superseded as the result of the later migrations of West Slavs, in particular of the Pomeranians (Slavic tribe).

Pomeranians (tribe)
The Pomeranians (Kashubian: Pòmòrzónie; Polish: Pomorzanie; German: Pomoranen), first mentioned as such in the 10th century, were a West Slavic tribe, which from the 5th to the 6th centuries had settled at the shore of the Baltic Sea between the mouths of the Oder and Vistula Rivers (the latter Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia). They spoke the Pomeranian language that belonged to the Lechitic languages, a branch of the West Slavic language family.

The name Pomerania has its origin in the Old Polish po more, which means "Land at the Sea".
C16 (drug)
C16 (PKRi, GW 506033X) is a drug which acts as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). It has been shown to effectively inhibit PKR function in vivo and has neuroprotective and nootropic effects in animal studies. C16 has anti-viral activity, in A549 cells, against hemorrhagic viruses of mammarenaviruses such as lassa and junin.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
Grønnehave railway station
Grønnehave station is a railway station serving the northern part of the city of Helsingør, Denmark, as well as the nearby Kronborg Castle, Danish Maritime Museum, Kulturværftet cultural centre and the Øresundsakvariet public aquarium.

The station is located on the Hornbæk Line from Helsingør to Gilleleje. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Lokaltog which runs frequent local train services between Helsingør station and Gilleleje station.

Kulturværftet
Kulturværftet (English: The Culture Yard) is a cultural centre located in Helsingør, Denmark.

The center was established in 2010, in the buildings of the former Helsingør Værft or Elsinore Shipyard. Kulturværftet is part of Kulturhavn Kronborg, a project by the city of Helsingør to leave the industrial era behind and enter a new chapter for the town.

Kulturhavn Kronborg is a joint initiative between Kronborg Castle, the Danish Maritime Museum, Kulturværftet, and Helsingør harbour, and is designed to offer a variety of cultural experiences to residents and visitors.

Kulturværftet  consists of 13,000 m2 (140,000 sq ft) of space dedicated to concerts, theatre, performance, events and exhibitions.

Recent notable events include hosting the annual Clickfestival and hosting the INDEX: Award Ceremony
Adam Tooze
John Adam Tooze (born 5 July 1967) is an English-American historian who is a professor at Columbia University, Director of the European Institute and nonresident scholar at Carnegie Europe. Previously, he was Reader in Twentieth-Century History at the University of Cambridge and Gurnee Hart Fellow in History at Jesus College, Cambridge.

After leaving Cambridge in 2009, he spent six years at Yale University as Professor of Modern German History and Director of International Security Studies at the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, succeeding Paul Kennedy. He has written books – such as Crashed – and an online newsletter called Chartbook.

Paul Kennedy
Paul Michael Kennedy CBE FBA (born 17 June 1945) is a British historian specialising in the history of international relations, economic power and grand strategy. He is on the editorial board of numerous scholarly journals and writes for The New York Times, The Atlantic, and many foreign-language newspapers and magazines. His monthly column on current global issues is distributed worldwide by the Tribune Content Agency.

He has published on the history of British foreign policy and great power struggles, emphasizing the changing economic power base that undergirds military and naval strength, noting how declining economic power leads to reduced military and diplomatic weight.
Bertradaburg
The Bertradaburg is a ruined hill castle on a rock spur, 348 m above sea level (NN), above the village of Mürlenbach in the county of Vulkaneifel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It thus stands in the geographical centre of Merovingian Francia.

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.
2012 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 2012 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the Legends Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by sixth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 7–6, 3–5 in Big Ten play to finish in fourth place in the Legends Division. They were invited to the Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl, where they defeated TCU, 17–16.

Spartan Stadium (East Lansing, Michigan)
Spartan Stadium is an outdoor stadium in East Lansing, Michigan, United States that opened in 1923. It is primarily used for football, and is the home field of the Michigan State University Spartans.  After the addition of luxury boxes and club seating in 2004–2005, the capacity of the stadium grew from 72,027 to 75,005—though it has held more than 80,000 fans—making it the Big Ten's sixth largest stadium.
Ben Walter
Ben James Walter (born May 11, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He most recently played with EC VSV in the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He has previously played in the National Hockey League and is the son of former NHL player Ryan Walter.

2004 NHL entry draft
The 2004 NHL entry draft was the 42nd entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 26 and 27, 2004 at the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is especially notable because it was the last NHL event to take place before the beginning of the 2004–05 NHL lockout, which canceled all the games scheduled for that season.

As of 2025, the remaining active players in the NHL from this draft are Evgeni Malkin and Alexander Ovechkin.
Mount Eolus
Mount Eolus is  a high mountain summit of the Needle Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 14,085-foot (4,293 m) fourteener is located in the Weminuche Wilderness of San Juan National Forest, 27.4 miles (44.1 km) northeast by north (bearing 29°) of the City of Durango in La Plata County, Colorado, United States.

Named after the Greek god of the wind, the mountain was originally referred to as "Aeolus" in the 1874 Hayden Survey. The current spelling of "Eolus" was first used in the Wheeler Survey of 1878.

San Juan National Forest
The San Juan National Forest is a U.S. national forest covering over 1,878,846 acres (2,935.7 sq mi, or 7,603.42 km²) in western Colorado. The forest occupies land in Archuleta, Conejos, Dolores, Hinsdale, La Plata, Mineral, Montezuma, Rio Grande, San Miguel and San Juan Counties. It borders the Uncompahgre National Forest to the north and the Rio Grande National Forest to the east.  The forest covers most of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains west of the Continental Divide. The forest contains two alpine wilderness areas; the Weminuche and South San Juan, as well as the Piedra Area.
The Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad passes through the National Forest.

The name of the forest comes from the San Juan River, which was originally called the Rio San Juan, after Saint John the Baptist (San Juan Bautista in Spanish).
Allison TF32
The Allison TF32 was a turbofan engine proposed by the Allison Division of General Motors in the 1960s. It was named as a finalist for the U.S. Navy's VSX aircraft for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) in January 1967, but lost the competition to the General Electric TF34 in early 1968.

Allison Engine Company
The Allison Engine Company was an American aircraft engine manufacturer. Shortly after the death of James Allison in 1929 the company was purchased by the Fisher brothers. Fisher sold the company to General Motors, which owned it for most of its history. It was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1995 to become Rolls-Royce North America.
Ken Stewart (politician)
Ken Stewart is a politician from British Columbia, Canada. Stewart won the riding of Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows in the 2001 British Columbia general election.

Stewart ran unsuccessfully as the BC Liberal candidate for MLA in the constituency of Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows in 1996, but again contested and won the seat during the BC Liberal sweep of 2001. In 2005, he was defeated by the NDP's Michael Sather and in 2009, he faced Sather again in an unsuccessful bid to retake the district.

Stewart served as a member of Maple Ridge municipal council from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2008.

Michael Sather
Michael Sather (born c. 1947) is a former MLA for Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows in the Canadian province of British Columbia. As a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 election, and was re-elected in 2009.

In November 2008, he ran for mayor of Maple Ridge, finishing second to Ernie Daykin.

Sather has a bachelor of science degree in biology and a master's degree in psychology. He moved to B.C. in 1974 and worked on fishing boats and oil rigs, owned and operated a wilderness tourism business, and worked as a mental health therapist.

In August 2011 Sather announced he would not run for re-election in 2013, but would finish out his term.
Abstract family of languages
In computer science, in particular in the field of formal language theory,
an abstract family of languages is an abstract mathematical notion generalizing characteristics common to the regular languages, the context-free languages and the recursively enumerable languages, and other families of formal languages studied in the scientific literature.

Recursively enumerable language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is called recursively enumerable (also recognizable, partially decidable, semidecidable, Turing-acceptable or Turing-recognizable) if it is a recursively enumerable subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language, i.e., if there exists a Turing machine which will enumerate all valid strings of the language.

Recursively enumerable languages are known as type-0 languages in the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages. All regular, context-free, context-sensitive and recursive languages are recursively enumerable.

The class of all recursively enumerable languages is called RE.
Miss Grand Vietnam 2025
Miss Grand Vietnam 2025 (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Hòa bình Việt Nam 2025) was the fourth edition of the Miss Grand Vietnam pageant. It was held on September 14, 2025, at LaChateau Hotel in Hồ Chí Minh City. Thirty-five contestants from different provinces and cities competed for the title.

Nguyễn Thị Yến Nhi, a 21-year-old freelance artist representing Đắk Lắk, was named the winner and crowned by Miss Grand Vietnam 2024, Võ Lê Quế Anh of Quảng Nam. She represented Vietnam at Miss Grand International 2025 to be held in Bangkok, Thailand.

Miss Grand Vietnam
Miss Grand Vietnam (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Hòa bình Việt Nam) is a national beauty contest of Vietnam that has been held annually since 2022. The winners represent the country in the Miss Grand International pageant.

The current Miss Grand Vietnam is Nguyễn Thị Yến Nhi from Dak Lak, who was crowned on September 19, 2025, at LaChateau Hotel, Phú Định ward, Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.
Paul McNulty (piano maker)
Paul McNulty (born 1953) is a builder of historical pianos, described by the New Grove as "famous for the high standard of [his] instruments." Within the community of builders, McNulty is noted for his efforts to extend the production of historically informed instruments later into history:  while he has built many fortepianos in 18th-century style, he has also progressively sought to span the gap between the fortepiano (the cradle of modern historical-piano construction) and the fully modern piano that emerged around the last third of the 19th century. The expanding diversity of McNulty's productions has thus helped "provide an opportunity to extend keyboard performing practice to include the piano repertory of the 19th century" (New Grove).

Fryderyk Chopin Institute
The  Fryderyk Chopin Institute (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina) is a Polish organization dedicated to researching and promoting the life and works of Polish composer Frédéric Chopin. It was created in 2001 as the result of legislation in the Polish Parliament and is under direct control of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Its headquarters are located in Warsaw.
Gorenja Ravan
Gorenja Ravan (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾeːnja ɾaˈʋaːn]; in older sources also Zgornja Ravan, German: Sgornarawan) is a settlement in the hills north of Poljane nad Škofjo Loko in the Municipality of Gorenja Vas–Poljane in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Poljane nad Škofjo Loko
Poljane nad Škofjo Loko (pronounced [pɔˈljaːnɛ nat ˈʃkoːfjɔ ˈloːkɔ]; German: Pölland) is a settlement in the Poljane Sora Valley in the Municipality of Gorenja Vas–Poljane in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
James Intercisus
James Intercisus (Latin: Jacobus Intercisus; born in Beth Huzaye, died 27 November 420 AD in Beth Lapat), commonly known as Mor Yaqoub M’Pasqo Sahada (Syriac: ܡܪ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܡܦܣܩܐ ܣܗܕܐ, romanized: Mor Yaqōb M'pasqō Saḥāda), also called James the Mutilated, James the Persian or Jacob the Persian (also known in Cyprus as Akouphos), was a Christian saint born in Beth Huzaye in the city of Beth Lapat. His Latin epithet, Intercisus (or Pasqo in Syriac), is derived from the word for "cut into pieces," which refers to the manner of his martyrdom. His death, along with the persecution of other Christians in the Sasanid Empire, started the Roman-Sassanid War (421-422).

Beth Huzaye (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)
Beth Huzaye (Classical Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܗܘܙܝܐ, romanized: Bēṯ Huzāyē) or ʿIlam was an East Syriac metropolitan province of the Church of the East, between the fifth and fourteenth centuries. The names refer to Khuzestan and Elam, respectively.

The metropolitan bishops of Beth Huzaye sat at Gundeshapur (Classical Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܠܦܛ, romanized: Bēṯ Lap̄aṭ,. The metropolitan province of Beth Huzaye had a number of suffragan dioceses at different periods in its history, including Karka d-Ledan, Ahvaz, Shushtar, Susa, Isfahan, Mihrajanqadhaq and Ramhormoz. The Diocese of Shahpur Khwast may also have been a suffragan diocese of the province of Beth Huzaye.
P. J. Antony
P. J. Antony (1 January 1925 – 14 March 1979) was an Indian stage and film actor. He received the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Nirmalyam in 1974. He was also the first actor working in Malayalam cinema to receive the award. Antony was also a respected figure in the professional theatre field, working with communist cultural and art bodies like the K.P.A.C.

He also established his own theatre, named Prathibha Theatres, in Kochi.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Roger B. Hayden
Roger B. Hayden (1945-2019) was an American politician serving as a member of the Baltimore County Board of Education from 1974 to 1987 and again from 2017 until his death in 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the 8th Baltimore County Executive from 1990 to 1994.

During Hayden's term as county executive, he was controversial for various decisions made within the county, including the closing of nine of the then 24 branches of Baltimore County Public Library.

Baltimore County Executive
The Baltimore County executive is the highest elected official representing the government of Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The office was established with the implementation of the county charter for Baltimore County on November 6, 1956. The county executive is elected to post every four years, coinciding with the elections for the county council and governor of Maryland.

Two Baltimore county executives have later achieved prominence after leaving office: Spiro T. Agnew, who went on to become governor of Maryland and Vice President of the United States under Richard Nixon, resigned in 1973 due to scandal while serving in that office; and Dutch Ruppersberger, who went on to represent Maryland's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.

The incumbent Baltimore County executive is Katherine A. Klausmeier.
Mark Stewart (cyclist)
Mark Stewart (born 25 August 1995) is a Scottish road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team Solution Tech–Vini Fantini. Representing Great Britain and Scotland at international competitions, Stewart won the bronze medal at the 2016 UEC European Track Championships in the team pursuit.

British National Madison Championships
The British National Madison Championships were held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organised by British Cycling, originally with two separate championship events for amateur and professional riders previously.

The senior championships are now held as a stand-alone event, most recently in December 2016.

From 2016, the senior championships have been run under the new UCI rules; where laps gained or lost on the field count towards points, and the winner is the pair of riders with the most points overall.
Triraphis
Triraphis is a genus of African, Arabian, Australian, and Brazilian plants in the grass family. Needlegrass is a common name for plants in this genus.

Species

Triraphis andropogonoides (Steud.) E.Phillips, - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho

Triraphis compacta Cope, - Ethiopia

Triraphis devia Filg. & Zuloaga, - State of Goiás in Brazil

Triraphis mollis R.Br., - Australia (Northern Territory plus all states except Tasmania); naturalized in Britain, Belgium, Texas

Triraphis pumilio R.Br., - Angola, Namibia, Sahara, Arabian Pen

Triraphis purpurea Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Botswana

Triraphis ramosissima Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa

Triraphis schinzii Hack.,  Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia

formerly included

see Cortaderia Crinipes Eriachne Nematopoa Pentameris Triodia

Cortaderia
Cortaderia is a genus of plants in the Poaceae or grass family of plants.

All current species included in the Cortaderia genus are native to South and Central America, ranging from the Patagonia region of southern Chile and Argentina, to Costa Rica. For many years, five species native to New Zealand were included in the genus, but since 2011 these have been since reclassified into the genus Austroderia containing only species native to New Zealand.
Jajang C. Noer
Lidia Djunita Pamontjak or better known as Jajang C. Noer (born 28 June 1952 in Paris, France) is a France-born Indonesian actress and film producer of Minangkabau descent. She is also the only daughter of Indonesian national independence movement figure, Nazir Datuk Pamoentjak.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Jerry Thomas Speakeasy
The Jerry Thomas Speakeasy, also called the Jerry Thomas Project, is a drinking establishment in Campo de' Fiori, Rome. The bar was opened in 2010, by Leonardo Leuci. It is named after the Nineteenth century American bartender Jerry Thomas, and themed after a speakeasy from the Prohibition era. The speakeasy is known for enforcing a list of rules, such as banning vodka from the premises, requiring patrons to have a paid membership, and having a password for entry that changes daily. It has been included on the list of The World's 50 Best Bars.

The World's 50 Best Bars
The World's 50 Best Bars is an annual list that celebrates the best of the international drinks scene, providing a yearly ranking of bars, voted for by more than 650 drinks experts from across the globe.
Norm Gardner
Norman "Norm" Gardner (born February 13, 1938) is a politician and administrator in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  He is a former North York and Toronto City Councillor, serving most recently as chair of the Toronto Police Services Board (1998–2003). He was subsequently chair of the board of the Mackenzie Institute for several years.

Robert Yuill
Robert Frederick Murray  Yuill (1924 — May 17, 2006), known as Bob Yuill, was a municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

He served on the North York council for twenty-four years, at first as a ward councillor and later as a member of the North York Board of Control.  He was also a member of the Metro Toronto council.