hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crosses in heraldry
A number of cross symbols were developed for the purpose of the emerging system of heraldry, which appeared in Western Europe in about 1200. This tradition is partly in the use of the Christian cross an emblem from the 11th century, and increasingly during the age of the Crusades. Many cross variants were developed in the classical tradition of heraldry during the late medieval and early modern periods. Heraldic crosses are inherited in modern iconographic traditions and are used in numerous national flags.

Dannebrog
The Dannebrog (Danish: Dannebrog, pronounced [ˈtænəˌpʁoˀ]) is the flag of Denmark. The flag is red with a white Nordic cross, which means that the cross extends to the edges of the flag and that the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.

A banner with a white-on-red cross is attested as having been used by the kings of Denmark since the 14th century. An origin legend with considerable impact on Danish national historiography connects the introduction of the flag to the Battle of Lindanise of 1219.

The elongated Nordic cross, which represents Christianity, reflects its use as a maritime flag in the 18th century. The flag became popular as a national flag in the early 16th century. Its private use was outlawed in 1834 but again permitted by a regulation of 1854. The flag holds the Guinness world record of being the oldest continuously used national flag, that is since 1625.
Steenrod algebra
In algebraic topology, a Steenrod algebra was defined by Henri Cartan (1955) to be the algebra of stable cohomology operations for mod  cohomology.

For a given prime number , the Steenrod algebra  is the graded Hopf algebra over the field  of order , consisting of all stable cohomology operations for mod  cohomology. It is generated by the Steenrod squares introduced by Norman Steenrod (1947) for , and by the Steenrod reduced th powers introduced in Steenrod (1953a, 1953b) and the Bockstein homomorphism for .

The term "Steenrod algebra" is also sometimes used for the algebra of cohomology operations of a generalized cohomology theory.

Coalgebra
In mathematics, coalgebras or cogebras are structures that are dual (in the category-theoretic sense of reversing arrows) to unital associative algebras. The axioms of unital associative algebras can be formulated in terms of commutative diagrams. Turning all arrows around, one obtains the axioms of coalgebras.
Every coalgebra, by (vector space) duality, gives rise to an algebra, but not in general the other way. In finite dimensions, this duality goes in both directions (see below).

Coalgebras occur naturally in a number of contexts (for example, representation theory, universal enveloping algebras and group schemes).

There are also F-coalgebras, with important applications in computer science.
Tombee Plantation
Tombee Plantation is a historic plantation house located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina. It was built about 1790–1800, and is two-story, T-shaped frame dwelling.  It is sheathed in clapboard and has a gable roof. It features a single-story front portico with four square columns and a two-story balustraded rear porch with six square columns on each floor. Along with Seaside Plantation, it is one of the few surviving antebellum plantation houses remaining on St. Helena Island. The Tombee Plantation property was divided into tracts during the days of the "Port Royal Experiment" in 1862. It remained in the hands of descendants of freed slaves until 1971.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Port Royal Experiment
The Port Royal Experiment was a program begun during the American Civil War in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by planters. They were given the chance to be paid wages and this was a good test for the reconstruction era that was coming before the war even ended. Freed men even bought land for themselves and Northern missionaries and abolitionists came to teach the freed men.
Campofelice di Fitalia
Campofelice di Fitalia (Sicilian: Campufilici di Fitalia) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region Sicily, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Palermo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 595 and an area of 35.2 square kilometres (13.6 sq mi).

Campofelice di Fitalia borders the following municipalities: Ciminna, Corleone, Mezzojuso, Prizzi, Vicari.

Ciminna
Ciminna is a Sicilian city in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, located approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of its capital, Palermo. The city's economy is derived mainly from agriculture and traditional crafts.
Jumbo Baretta
Julio Barrera (born 1967) is a retired American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Jumbo Baretta best known for working in various Florida promotions, Championship Wrestling From Florida, World Championship Wrestling, Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan) and Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi in Japan during the 1990s.

NWA Florida Tag Team Championship
The NWA Florida Tag Team Championship is the primary tag team title in NWA Florida Underground Wrestling. It started out in 1968 as the main tag team title in Championship Wrestling from Florida and lasted until 1990 when it was abandoned. It was picked back up in 1997 by NWA Florida, where it was the primary tag team title until June 2005, when the company shut down. In August 2009, the title was picked up by Florida-based Pro Wrestling Fusion until 2011. NWA Florida Underground transformed its FUW Tag Team championship to the NWA Florida Tag Team championship in 2012
Tetracategory
In category theory, a tetracategory is a weakened definition of a 4-category. The definition of tetracategory and its coherence conditions were introduced by Trimble.  The formal definition of Trimble's tetracategory is given using the coherence theorem for tricategories. There is no coherence theorem for tetracategories yet. Hoffnung says that, a monoidal tricategory is a one-object tetracategory in the sense of Trimble.

Coherency (homotopy theory)
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory and (higher) category theory, coherency is the standard that equalities or diagrams must satisfy when they hold "up to homotopy" or "up to isomorphism".

Often, more than one way of defining a mapping between mathematical objects might be considered "natural". Then the question might arise, which way to choose? Coherency implies that it doesn't matter which way is chosen, because all the alternative definitions are equivalent. The equivalence is often manifest in a commutative diagram.

The adjectives such as "pseudo-" and "lax-" are used to refer to the fact equalities are weakened in coherent ways; e.g., pseudo-functor, pseudoalgebra.
Caponina papamanga
Caponina papamanga is a species of araneomorph spider from the Brazilian Amazonia. It is the first species of the genus Caponina from the region. It belongs to the family Caponiidae, which is described as ecribellate and haplogyne.

Caponiidae
Caponiidae is a family of ecribellate haplogyne spiders that are unusual in a number of ways. They differ from other spiders in lacking book lungs and having the posterior median spinnerets anteriorly displaced to form a transverse row with the anterior lateral spinnerets. Most species have only two eyes, which is also unusual among spiders. A few species of Caponiidae variously have four, six or eight eyes. In some species the number of eyes will increase when the spiderling changes its skin as it grows towards adulthood.
Ogoso Station
Ogoso Station (小古曽駅, Ogoso-eki) is a railway station on the Kintetsu Utsube Line in Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu. It is 5.0 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station.

Kintetsu Yokkaichi Station
Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station (近鉄四日市駅, Kintetsu-Yokkaichi-eki) is a railway station located in the city of Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway. The third-sector Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway, which is jointly owned by Kintetsu and the city of Yokkaichi, uses a part of the station as its terminal Asunarou Yokkaichi Station (あすなろう四日市駅, Asunarō Yokkaichi-eki).
Veysabad
Veysabad (Persian: ويس اباد, also Romanized as Veysābād) is a village in Mizdej-e Olya Rural District, in the Central District of Farsan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 12 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Mizdej-e Olya Rural District
Mizdej-e Olya Rural District (Persian: دهستان ميزدج عليا) is in the Central District of Farsan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Gujan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Babaheydar.
Daniel Davies (bishop)
Christianity portal

Daniel Davies (7 November 1863 – 23 August 1928) was the Anglican Bishop of Bangor from 1925 until his death.

Davies was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He held curacies at Conway and Bangor before becoming Vicar Choral of St Asaph Cathedral and then the incumbent at Brymbo. He was chairman of the executive committee of the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1912, by which time he was a residential canon at St Asaph Cathedral, a post he held until his ordination as a bishop.

St Asaph Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Saints Asaph and Cyndeyrn, commonly called St Asaph Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Llanelwy), is a cathedral in St Asaph, Denbighshire, north Wales. It is the episcopal seat of the Bishop of St Asaph. The cathedral dates back 1,400 years, while the current building dates from the 13th century. The cathedral is part of the Church in Wales and part of the Anglican Communion of Wales.
Three Sixty
Three Sixty is a greatest hits compilation released by American rock band A Perfect Circle on November 19, 2013. The set compiles songs from previous albums by the band and includes one new song, "By and Down". The album was also released in a deluxe edition (with dark blue cover art rather than white) which includes additional studio songs from the band's back catalog and live tracks from 2011 featured on the limited edition box set A Perfect Circle Live: Featuring Stone and Echo.

Audio mixing
Audio mixing is the process by which multiple sounds are combined into one or more audio channels. In the process, a source's volume level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated or enhanced. This practical, aesthetic, or otherwise creative treatment is done in order to produce a finished version that is appealing to listeners.

Audio mixing is practiced for music, film, television and live sound. The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer operating a mixing console or digital audio workstation.
Taft, Eastern Samar
Taft, officially the Municipality of Taft (Waray: Bungto han Taft; Tagalog: Bayan ng Taft), is a municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 18,692 people.

It is bounded on the north by the town of Can-avid and on the south-southeast by the town of Sulat.

The municipality was named in honor of former United States President William Howard Taft, who served as Governor-General of the Philippines during the first decade of the 20th century.

Can-avid
Can-avid (IPA: [ˌkɐnˈʔavɪd]), officially the Municipality of Can-avid (Waray: Bungto han Can-avid; Tagalog: Bayan ng Can-avid), is a municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 21,942 people.
Baby Talk (How I Met Your Mother)
"Baby Talk" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom How I Met Your Mother, and the 118th episode overall. It aired on October 25, 2010. It was directed by Pamela Fryman and written by Joe Kelly.

It first aired in the United States on CBS to an audience of 8.29 million viewers. The episode was met with praise from critics.

Marshall Eriksen
Marshall Eriksen is a fictional character on the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Jason Segel. Series co-creator Craig Thomas explained that he based Marshall and Lily on himself and his wife Rebecca.
Xiyang County
Xiyang County (simplified Chinese: 昔阳县; traditional Chinese: 昔陽縣; pinyin: Xīyáng Xiàn) is a county in the east of Shanxi province, China, bordering Hebei province to the east. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhong. Xiyang County is located at the western foot of Taihang Mountain, bordering Zanhuang County, Neiqiu County, Jingxing County, and Xingtai in Hebei province to the east, Heshun County to the south, and Pingding County in Yangquan to the north.

Jinzhong
Jinzhong, formerly Yuci, is a prefecture-level city in east central Shanxi province of the People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the east. As of the 2020 census, its total population was 3,379,498 inhabitants of whom 1,226,617 lived in the Yuci and Taigu urban districts. However, 5,433,659 lived in the built-up (or metro) area of Taiyuan - Jinzhong made of Yuci district plus the 6 Taiyuan urban/built-up districts, largely conurbated.
WALANT
WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet) is a technique that uses local anesthesia and hemostatic agent (e.g., 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, sometimes buffered with sodium bicarbonate) in hand surgery in unsedated patients. The absence of a tourniquet avoids tourniquet-related discomfort and complications, while the use of epinephrine provides vasoconstriction, resulting in a decreased blood loss that is suitable for most hand procedures. It is a safe, cost-effective, efficient, and widely accessible approach with a low complication rate. The technique allows the patient to remain fully awake and utilize active movement, which allows for intraoperative assessment of tendon function, fracture stability, or nerve decompression. Its exclusion of general anesthesia allows it to be done in an office or outpatient setting, which eliminates the need for operating room resources, anesthesia personnel, and post-anesthesia care units.

Post-anesthesia care unit
A post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and sometimes referred to as post-anesthesia recovery or PAR, or simply recovery, is a part of hospitals, ambulatory care centers, and other medical facilities. Patients who received general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or local anesthesia are transferred from the operating room suites to the recovery area. The patients are monitored typically by anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and other medical staff. Providers follow a standardized handoff to the medical PACU staff that includes, which medications were given in the operating room suites, how hemodynamics were during the procedures, and what is expected for their recovery. After initial assessment and stabilization, patients are monitored for any potential complications, until the patient is transferred back to their hospital rooms–or in the case of some outpatient surgeries, discharged to their responsible person (driver).
Buckfast bee
The Buckfast bee is a breed of honey bee, a cross of many subspecies and their strains, developed by Brother Adam (born Karl Kehrle in 1898 in Germany), who was in charge of beekeeping from 1919 at Buckfast Abbey in Devon in the United Kingdom. Breeding of the Buckfast bee is now done by breeders throughout Europe belonging to the Federation of European Buckfast Beekeepers (G.D.E.B.). This organization maintains a pedigree for Buckfast bees, originating from the time of Brother Adam.

In 1916, only 16 surviving colonies were left in the abbey. All of them were either Ligurian (A. m. ligustica) from Italy or Ligurian queens mated with the English black bee (a now extinct phenotype of the A. m. mellifera); by 1919 these bees too had died causing Brother Adam to import queens again from Italy and also France, from which he began to develop what would come to be known as the Buckfast bee.

Apis mellifera cecropia
Apis mellifera cecropia, the Greek bee, is a subspecies of honey bee that is native to southern Greece and southern Albania. It is very similar to Apis mellifera ligustica, or the Italian bee. It is favored for its extreme gentleness and lack of tendency to swarm. This species prefers warm temperatures, owing to its Mediterranean origin, and cannot survive in northern Europe's cooler climate. Due to that, they are seldom kept outside of southern Greece.
Sunflower Bean
Sunflower Bean is an American rock band from Glen Head, New York and Brooklyn founded in 2013. The band consists of Julia Cumming (bass, lead vocals), Nick Kivlen (guitars, backing vocals), and Olive Faber (drums). Their most recent album Mortal Primetime was released in April 2025.

Unknown Mortal Orchestra
Unknown Mortal Orchestra (also known as UMO) is a New Zealand psychedelic rock band from Auckland and now based in Portland, Oregon. Fronted by multi-instrumentalist Ruban Nielson, assisted by his brother Kody Nielson and bassist Jacob Portrait, Nielson started the band in 2009, initially as a solo project. The band's first album was released in 2011 on Fat Possum Records.
Ferrari Amalfi
The Ferrari Amalfi (Type F169M) is a grand touring car produced by Italian manufacturer Ferrari. It was unveiled on July 1, 2025, as the successor to the Ferrari Roma, with an estimated starting price of $283,000. It has a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. The car is named after the village of Amalfi on the Gulf of Salerno.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Robert C. Pittman
Robert C. Pittman (April 25, 1922 – October 27, 1996) was a US Army Air Forces pilot, electrical engineer, and entrepreneur. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his heroic actions during World War II, flying more than 250 combat missions over the Pacific Ocean.

Pittman graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in Electrical Engineering in 1950 on a scholarship funded by the G.I. Bill. He went on to work for Bell Laboratories and International Telephone and Telegraph in various engineering roles; he became president of ITT's Federal Electric Corporation, and later Group General Manager. In 1976, he bought and operated Superior Cable Company, the first manufacturer of fiber-optic cable that later became Superior Essex.

Pittman died on October 27, 1996 in Naples, Florida. He is survived by his children Robert Pittman (deceased), Clark B. Pittman, and Katherine P. Dennis.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
1981 Seiko Hong Kong Classic
The 1981 Seiko Hong Kong Classic, also known as the Hong Kong Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Hong Kong that was part of the 1981 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the ninth edition of the event and was held from 2 November through 8 November 1981. Unseeded Van Winitsky won the singles title.

1981 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1981 Volvo Grand Prix was the only men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of the four Grand Slam tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The World Championship Tennis (WCT) Tour was incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The WCT tour consisted of eight regular tournaments, a season's final, three tournaments categorized as special events and a doubles championship. In total 89 tournaments were held divided over 29 countries. The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Safiya Abdel Rahman
Safiya Abdel Rahman (Egyptian Arabic: صفية عبد الرحمن) was a notable member of the Egyptian Federation for Scouts and Girl Guides and was extremely active in sports for girls in Egypt. She was a recipient of the Silver Fish Award in 1965.

Egyptian Federation for Scouts and Girl Guides
The Egyptian Federation for Scouts and Girl Guides (EFSGG, Arabic: الاتحاد العام للكشافة والمرشدات Al-Ittiḥād al-`Ām lil-Kaššāfah wal-Muršidāt) is the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Egypt. Scouting was founded in 1914 and was among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922, while nominally independent from Britain. Guiding started in 1913 and became a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1931. The EFSGG served 79,611 Scouts (as of 2011) and 92,000 Guides (as of 2003).
BYD Flyer
The BYD Flyer is a 5-door city car originally developed by government owned Xian Qinchuan Automobile and went on sale from 2001 to 2005. It has been produced by BYD, a Chinese automobile manufacturer in Shenzhen, from 2005 to 2008. The three- and four-cylinder engines used are based on old Suzuki units.

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
Legislative assembly
Legislative assembly is the name given in some countries to either a legislature, or to one of its houses.

The name is used by a number of countries, including member-states of the Commonwealth of Nations and other countries.  It is also used by their sub-national divisions, such as the Indian states and union territories, Australian states and Canadian provinces.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Howard Hughes Memorial Award
The Howard Hughes Memorial Award is an aviation industry award presented annually by the Aero Club of Southern California. According to the Association's official website, the award is given "to an aerospace leader whose accomplishments over a long career have contributed significantly to the advancement of aviation or space technology."

The award was established in 1978 by William R. Lummis, a first cousin of aviation pioneer Howard Hughes, who at the time was Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Summa Corp. Recipients of the Howard Hughes Memorial Award receive a solid silver medallion cast from silver mined from Hughes' Nevada mining operations.

Summa Corporation
Summa Corporation was a holding company for the business interests of Howard Hughes after he sold the tool division of Hughes Tool Company in 1972. Its holdings included casino hotels, aviation businesses, and television channels. After Hughes's death in 1976, most of the company's assets were sold off, and it focused on developing the master-planned community of Summerlin, Nevada. Summa was renamed as The Howard Hughes Corporation in 1994. It was acquired by The Rouse Company in 1996.