hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criminal Justice Act 1967
The Criminal Justice Act 1967 (c. 80) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Section 9 allows uncontroversial witness statements to be read in court instead of having to call the witness to give live testimony in the courtroom, if it will not be necessary to challenge their evidence in cross-examination. The rule in section 9 was not new in 1967; it was a re-enactment of a law which had previously appeared in the Criminal Justice Act 1925 and the Criminal Justice Act 1948.

Section 13 removed the requirement for unanimous verdicts and permitted majority verdicts for juries in England and Wales. (This section was repealed and replaced by the Juries Act 1974.)

Sections 39 to 42 introduced the ability for courts to suspend a sentence.

Section 89 makes it an offence to lie in a witness statement (since perjury only applies to lies told in court).

Criminal Justice Act 1948
The Criminal Justice Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 58) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that implemented several widespread reforms of the English criminal justice system, mainly abolishing penal servitude, corporal punishment, and the right of peers to be tried for treason and felony in the House of Lords. The act also dealt with more minor aspects of criminal law, such as the procedure regarding bail. Early versions of the bill attempted to abolish the death penalty, but this would not occur until 1965.

Reforming the criminal justice system by removing penal servitude and whipping had long been a goal of Labour, and the Attlee government was felt capable of bringing those reforms into effect. Peers in the House of Lords, who considered being tried by the House to be a bothersome duty rather than a privilege, added a provision abolishing peer trials by peers, which was accepted by both houses.

As of 2025, the act remains partially in force in England and Wales.
Listed buildings in Eye, Suffolk
Eye is a town and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk District of Suffolk, England. It contains 166 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these three are grade I, eight are grade II* and 155 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Eye, Suffolk
Eye (/ˈaɪ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district, in the north of the English county of Suffolk, about 4 miles (6 km) south of Diss, 17.5 miles (28 km) north of Ipswich and 23 miles (37 km) south-west of Norwich. The population in the 2011 census of 2,154 was estimated to be 2,361 in 2019 and updated to 2,210 following the 2021 census.  It lies close to the River Waveney, which forms the border with Norfolk, and on the River Dove. Eye is twinned with the town of Pouzauges in the Vendée department of France.
White Lives Matter
White Lives Matter (WLM) is a white supremacist slogan that emerged in 2015 as a reaction to the Black Lives Matter social justice movement that started a few years prior. The phrase has been used by neo-Nazis, Neo-Confederates, and other white supremacist groups to recruit new members into white supremacist movements and demonstrations. Proponents of the slogan argue that they use it to raise awareness against a supposed "white genocide" and build support for a white ethnostate, and it has been frequently found at "pro-white" rallies across the United States.

Neo-Confederates
Neo-Confederates are groups and individuals who portray the Confederate States of America and its actions during the American Civil War in a positive light. The League of the South (formed in 1994), the Sons of Confederate Veterans (formed 1896), and other neo-Confederate organizations continue to defend the secession of the 11 Confederate States.
Mopane
Colophospermum mopane, commonly called mopane, mopani, butterfly tree, turpentine tree, or balsam tree, is a tree in the legume family (Fabaceae), that grows in hot, dry, low-lying areas, 200 to 1,200 metres (660 to 3,940 ft) in elevation, in parts of Southern Africa. The tree only occurs in Africa and is the only species in genus Colophospermum. Its distinctive butterfly-shaped (bifoliate) leaf and thin kidney-shaped/nearly semi-circular seed pod  make it easy to identify.

Though hard and dense and difficult to work with, it is valued timber in all sorts of construction due to its termite tolerance. Together with camel thorn and leadwood, it is one of the three regionally important firewood trees, due to the enduring heat, and these woods are also some of the preferred use culinarily for braai.

Combretum imberbe
Combretum imberbe (also known as leadwood or mhoba-hoba, Afrikaans: hardekool, Sotho: mohwelere-tšhipi, Tsonga: motswiri/mondzo, Zulu: impondondlovu) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree has a sparse, semi-deciduous canopy of grey-green leaves. The twigs and leaves are hairless as the name imberbe suggests. Its heartwood is dark brown, close-grained, very hard and heavy, as suggested by its vernacular name "leadwood", and durable; it is much sought after in the woodcarving industry. The Hereros and Ovambos of Namibia attach special cultural and religious significance to the tree, as to them it is the great ancestor of all animals and people, which must be passed with respect.
Al-Sanbariyya
Al-Sanbariyya was a Palestinian village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 1, 1948, by Palmach's First Battalion under Operation Yiftach. It was located 31.5 km northeast of Safad, near Wadi Hasibani.

Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Safad Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء صفد; Hebrew: נפת צפת) was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine before it was captured by Israel in 1948. It was located around the city of Safad. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict, which fell entirely within modern-day Israel, became the modern-day Safed Subdistrict in the Northern District (Israel).
Virpur railway station
Virpur railway station  is a railway station serving in Rajkot district of Gujarat State of India.  It is under Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway Zone of Indian Railways. Virpur railway station is 58 km far away from Rajkot Junction. Passenger, Express trains halt here.

Virpur is well known for Jalaram Bapa Temple.

Rajkot Junction railway station
Rajkot Junction railway station is a railway station in the city of Rajkot, Gujarat. It is a major railway station in Saurashtra. It is connected to Wankaner Junction in north, Jamnagar in west and Jetalsar Junction in south. Many trains start from here.
Miss World Venezuela 2015
Miss World Venezuela 2015 was the seventh Miss World Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Venevisión Studios in Caracas, Venezuela on July 4, 2015.

At the end of the event, Debora Menicucci of Amazonas crowned Anyela Galante of Portuguesa as Miss World Venezuela 2015. She represented Venezuela at the Miss World 2015 pageant.

Miss Venezuela
Miss Venezuela (Spanish: Organización Miss Venezuela) is a Venezuelan beauty pageant operated by the Cisneros Group. Founded in 1952, it currently selects Venezuelan representatives to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International. The current national director of Miss Venezuela is Miss Universe 2013 Gabriela Isler.

The current Miss Venezuela is Clara Vegas Goetz of Miranda who was crowned on 4 December 2025 at the Centro Comercial Líder in Caracas, Venezuela.
Horst Streckenbach
Horst Streckenbach "Tattoo Samy" (August 5, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was a well-known German tattoo artist and historian of the medium, who had been tattooing since 1946. Streckenbach is considered important in the development of tattooing in Germany. With Manfred Kohrs from Hanover in Germany from 1974 to 1978 he developed a rotary tattoo machine and in 1975 the barbell.

Tattoo artist
A tattoo artist (also tattooer or tattooist) is an individual who applies permanent decorative tattoos, often in an established business called a "tattoo shop", "tattoo studio" or "tattoo parlour". Tattoo artists usually learn their craft via an apprenticeship under a trained and experienced mentor.
Anthony Erdélyi
Anthony (I) Erdélyi de Somkerék (Hungarian: somkeréki Erdélyi (I.) Antal; died 1429 or 1430) was a Hungarian nobleman and loyal courtier of King Sigismund of Luxembourg. He was familiaris of Nicholas Garai, Palatine of Hungary. Initially known as Anthony of Somkerék (Hungarian: Somkeréki Antal), he was the founder of the distinguished Erdélyi de Somkerék noble family.

Fărăgău
Fărăgău (Hungarian: Faragó, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈfɒrɒɡoː], German: Hölzeldorf) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Fărăgău, Fânațe (Fönácé), Hodaia (Telekytanya), Onuca (Unoka), Poarta (Körtekapu, German Birnthor), and Tonciu (Tancs, German Tesch).
Brodie
Brodie  can be a given name or a surname of Scottish origin, and a location in Moray, Scotland, its meaning is uncertain; it is not clear if Brodie, as a word, has its origins in the Gaelic or Pictish languages. In 2012 this name became the 53rd most popular boys' name in Scotland. The given name originates from the surname.

Brodie baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Brodie, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Brodie baronets of Boxford (1834)

Brodie baronets of Idvies (1892): see Thomas Dawson Brodie
Arystanbek Muhamediuly
Arystanbek Muhamediuly (Kazakh: Арыстанбек Мұхамедиұлы, Arystanbek Mūhamediūly; born 11 February 1963) is a Kazakh politician who served as a Minister of Culture and Sports from 11 March 2014 to 17 June 2019. He's currently the director of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Muhamediuly is author of a number of musical works, such as: marches for a brass band, Bahyt Asy and Jastar waltz compositions, songs such as Astana, Asyl sezim, and Dostarym, as well as publications on cultural issues and arts.

Ministry of Culture (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Culture (Kazakh: Мәдениет министрлігі, romanized: Mädeniet ministrlıgı) was an agency in the Government of Kazakhstan that was responsible for carrying out state regulation, as well as, within the limits provided for by law, intersectoral coordination in the spheres of culture, interethnic and interfaith harmony, ensuring the rights of citizens to freedom of religion and interaction with religious associations, the development of languages, archival affairs, documentation, and state symbols.

The Ministry was originally created in 1990 as the State Committee of the Kazakh SSR for Culture. Its first chairman was Kanat Saudabayev. On 12 February 1992, the Ministry was formed into the Ministry of Culture.

On 6 August 2014, it was reorganized into the Ministry of Culture and Sports.
Alpini and mountain artillery formations in World War I
The Alpini (Italian for "alpines") are a specialised mountain warfare infantry corps of the Italian Army, which distinguished itself in World War I fighting in the Alps against Austro-Hungarian Kaiserjäger and the German Alpenkorps. The Alpini were supported by the Mountain Artillery, which both share the Cappello Alpino as identifying symbol. Below follow tables listing the regiments, battalions and groups, companies and batteries of the Alpini and Mountain Artillery active in World War I.

Cima Palon
Cima Palon, also called Monte Pasubio, is the highest peak of the Pasubio group of Little Dolomites in Veneto, Italy. It has an elevation of 2,239 metres.

The Pasubio plateau is one of the most relevant Little Dolomites massifs, and it held a high strategic role during the Great War (1914-1918), since it represented the last defensive position of the Venetian Plain. It was the site of fierce mine warfare on the Italian Front. In May 1916, after the Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition, an Italian contingent was urgently transferred from the Isonzo Front and under the command of General Achille Papa, they stopped the Austro-Hungarian Army at Cima Palon.

In 1917, a team of Italian miners built the Strada delle 52 Gallerie, the route of 52 tunnels, which leads from the base to the summit area of Monte Pasubio.
Christian persecution complex
In the Western world, the Christian persecution complex is the belief, attitude, or worldview that Christians and Christian values are being oppressed by Western governments and social groups. This belief is promoted by certain American Protestant churches, and some Christian- or Bible-based groups in Europe. It has been called the "Evangelical", "American Christian" or "Christian right" persecution complex.

Elizabeth Castelli
Elizabeth Castelli is an author and Professor of Religion at Barnard College. She specializes in biblical studies, late ancient Christianity, feminist studies in religion along with theory and method in the study of religion, with a particular focus on the after-effects of biblical and early Christian texts, including the citation of the Bible and ancient Christian sources in debates concerning cultural and political expression.

Castelli is an Editorial Director of The Marginalia Review of Books, a channel of the Los Angeles Review of Books She is also on the advisory board of the Center for Religion and Media at New York University, on the board of the Brooklyn Institute for Social Research, and a member of the board of the Center of Constitutional Rights.
Île-de-France tramway Line 9
Île-de-France tramway Line 9 (usually called simply T9 and formerly known as Tramway Porte de Choisy – Orly Ville or TPO) is a tram line which is a part of the modern tramway network of the Île-de-France region of France. Line 9 connects Porte de Choisy Paris Métro station and the centre of Orly (Place Gaston Viens) serving suburbs in the south-east of Paris. Line 9 does not serve Orly Airport, which is currently served by tramway Line 7. The line has a length of 10.3 km (6.4 mi) and 19 stations. The line opened to the public on 10 April 2021.

The line is operated by the Keolis under contract with Île-de-France Mobilités.

RATP bus network
The RATP bus network covers the entire territory of the city of Paris and the vast majority of its near suburbs.
Operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), this constitutes a dense bus network complementary to other public transport networks, all organized and financed by Île-de-France Mobilités.

Other suburban bus lines are managed by private operators grouped in a consortium known as Optile (Organisation professionnelle des transports d'Île-de-France), an association of 80 private bus operators holding exclusive rights on their lines. There are approximately 9500 buses serving public transportation across the Paris region, all operators included.
Firmin Ayessa
Firmin Ayessa (2 November 1951 – 17 February 2026) was a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Deputy Prime Minister for Civil Service, State Reform, Labour, and Social Security from 2017. As a long-time associate of President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Ayessa held a series of key posts at the Presidency of Congo-Brazzaville; he was Director of the Civil Cabinet of the President from 1999 to 2002, deputy director of the Presidential Cabinet from 2002 to 2007, and he was Director of the Presidential Cabinet from 2007 to 2017.

2002 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Republic of the Congo in 2002; the first round was held on 26 May and the second round on 20 June. The Congolese Labour Party (PCT) and its allies won a majority of seats in the National Assembly.
Porphyrosela aglaozona
Porphyrosela aglaozona is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known in Australia in the states of New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria and on Fiji.

The larvae feed on Desmodium, Glycine, Kennedia (including Kennedia rubicunda) and Phaseolus species (including Phaseolus atropurpureus, Phaseolus vulgaris and Pueraria montana). They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the a tentiform shape.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Freddy David
Freddy David (Hebrew: פרדי דוד; born 21 January 1965) is an Israel former football player and manager.

He previously managed Hapoel Petah Tikva, Maccabi Herzliya, Bnei Sakhnin, Maccabi Petah Tikva, and Hapoel Ramat Gan.

Toto Cup
The  Israel Toto Cup (Hebrew: גביע הטוטו, Gvia Ha'Toto) is an association football tournament that features clubs in the two highest divisions in Israel: the Israeli Premier League a.k.a. Ligat Ha'Al; and the Israeli 2nd division Liga Leumit. Both of these leagues are featured separately for the Israel Toto Cup –  at a distinct seasonal tournament for each of these two. They are simply referred to as Toto Cup Al and Toto Cup Leumit, in many global media outlets.

From 1999 to 2009, the tournament was also open to clubs from the third division, until the cancellation of Liga Artzit.

The Toto Cup is the third most important competition in Israeli football after the Israeli Premier League and the Israeli State Cup. As it isn't highly regarded, Israeli clubs use the games to rotate their squad and give fringe players and youth players a chance. However, the Israeli Sports Betting Council pays 1.25 million NIS to the winners, while the runners-up receive 950,000 NIS.
Balgowlah Heights
Balgowlah Heights is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 11 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council, in the Northern Beaches region. Balgowlah Heights shares the postcode 2093 with the adjacent Balgowlah and North Balgowlah.

Situated on a ridge up to 80 metres above North Harbour and Middle Harbour, some houses have panoramic views of the harbour, Eastern Suburbs and Spit Bridge. The suburb features remnant Sydney Harbour bushland, contained in the National Park around Dobroyd Head and Grotto Point. Tania Park at the eastern fringe offers relaxed recreation and one can watch the Manly ferry cut its way to Circular Quay.

Northern Beaches Council
The Northern Beaches Council is a local government area located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 after the amalgamation of Manly, Pittwater, and Warringah councils.

The Council comprises an area of 254 square kilometres (98 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 263,554, making it the fourth-most populous local government area in New South Wales.

The Mayor of the Northern Beaches Council is Cr. Sue Heins, of the Your Northern Beaches Independent Team, since 16 May 2023.
Space Shuttle external tank
The Space Shuttle external tank (ET) was the component of the Space Shuttle launch vehicle that contained the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer. During lift-off and ascent it supplied the fuel and oxidizer under pressure to the three RS-25 main engines in the orbiter. The ET was jettisoned just over 10 seconds after main engine cut-off (MECO) and it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. Unlike the Solid Rocket Boosters, external tanks were not re-used. They broke up before impact in the Indian Ocean (or Pacific Ocean in the case of direct-insertion launch trajectories), away from shipping lanes and were not recovered.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Group coded recording
In computer science, group coded recording or group code recording (GCR) refers to several distinct but related encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media. The first, used in 6250 bpi magnetic tape since 1973, is an error-correcting code combined with a run-length limited (RLL) encoding scheme, belonging into the group of modulation codes. The others are similar encoding methods used in mainframe hard disks or microcomputer floppy disks until the late 1980s. GCR is a modified form of a NRZI code, but necessarily with a higher transition density.

Syncword
In computer networks,  a syncword, sync character, sync sequence or preamble is used to synchronize a data transmission by indicating the end of header information and the start of data.  The syncword is a known sequence of data used to identify the start of a frame, and is also called reference signal or midamble in wireless communications.

Prefix codes allow unambiguous identification of synchronization sequences and may serve as self-synchronizing code.
Sherpa Light
The Sherpa Light is a family of 4x4 tactical and light armoured vehicles developed by French company Renault Trucks Defense (RTD). Available in unarmoured or armoured variants (ballistic, mine and IED kits), the Scout is suited for tactical missions such as scouting, patrol, convoy escort and command and liaison. It is able to transport up to four or five soldiers or a total payload of up to four tonnes.

The Sherpa family is also available to customers in North America and Oceania via Mack Defense.

Special Operations Command (France)
The Special Operations Command  (French: Commandement des Opérations Spéciales, COS; pronounced [kɔmɑ̃dmɑ̃ dez‿ɔpeʁasjɔ̃ spesjal]) is a joint staff charged with overseeing the various special forces of the French Army, Navy and Air and Space Force, bringing them all under a single operational authority. The command is placed under the orders of the Chief of Defence Staff and under the direct authority of the President of the French Republic.

Similar in purpose to the JSOC or UKSF, the COS was created on June 24, 1992. The need for such a federation became apparent after France's participation in the First Gulf War.