hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Saxon phonology
The phonology of Old Saxon mirrors that of the other ancient Germanic languages, and also, to a lesser extent, that of modern West Germanic languages such as English, Dutch, Frisian, German, and Low German.

Old Saxon is an Ingvaeonic language, which means that it belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages and that it is particularly closely related to Old English and Old Frisian. Thus, anyone looking at Old Saxon phonology will recognize some typical West-Germanic phonological features also found in Old English, such as gemination and the different pronunciations of the letter g.

Plosive
In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade ([t], [d]), tongue body ([k], [ɡ]), lips ([p], [b]), or glottis ([ʔ]). Plosives contrast with nasals, where the vocal tract is blocked but airflow continues through the nose, as in /m/ and /n/, and with fricatives, where partial occlusion impedes but does not block airflow in the vocal tract.
19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, formally the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected by the 1st plenary session of the 19th Central Committee on 25 October 2017, in the aftermath of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It was preceded by the CCP's 18th Politburo Standing Committee and was succeeded by the 20th in October 2022.

19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

The first plenary session in 2017 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee is invested when it is not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The third plenary session in 2018 nominated candidates for state positions. The fourth plenary session issued a decision on modernizing governance.
Waldheim–Rochlitz railway
The Waldheim–Rochlitz railway was a single-track branchline of about 21 km length in Saxony, connecting the towns of Waldheim and Rochlitz via Hartha and Geringswalde. It was opened in 1893, closed in 1998 and served mainly the purposes of the local industry and population.

Bahnbetriebswerk
A Bahnbetriebswerk is the equivalent of a locomotive depot (or motive power depot) on the German and Austrian railways. It is an installation that carries out the maintenance, minor repairs, refuelling and cleaning of locomotives and other motive power. In addition it organises the deployment of locomotives and crews. In the Deutsche Bahn, a Bahnbetriebswerk is known today as a Betriebshof; the ÖBB refer to it as a Zugförderungsstelle (Zf). Many other countries simply use the term 'depot'. The smaller facility, the Lokomotivstation (also Einsatzstelle or Lokbahnhof) akin to the British sub-depot or stabling point, is affiliated to a Bahnbetriebswerk.

N.B. The shortened form Betriebswerk is also used and both are commonly abbreviated to Bw or BW. The plural is Bahnbetriebswerke.
Windy Professionals FC
Windy Professionals is a Ghanaian football team that plays in the Ghana Division One League. The team is based in Winneba in the Central Region of Ghana.

Windy Professionals were previously known as C.K. Gyamfi Academy.

Central Region (Ghana)
The Central Region is one of the sixteen administrative regions of Ghana. Ashanti and Eastern regions border it to the north, Western region to the west, Greater Accra region to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The Central Region is renowned for its many elite high schools and an economy based on an abundance of industrial minerals and tourism. The Central region has tourist attractions including castles, forts and beaches along the region's coastline.
PRADO (framework)
PRADO is an open source, object-oriented, event-driven, component-based PHP web framework. PRADO is used for the development of interactive web pages and applications. In 2013, it was considered by Computer Science educators to be one of the top six PHP web frameworks.

Web framework
A web framework (WF) or web application framework (WAF) is a software framework that is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs. Web frameworks provide a standard way to build and deploy web applications on the World Wide Web. Web frameworks aim to automate the overhead associated with common activities performed in web development. For example, many web frameworks provide libraries for database access, templating frameworks, and session management, and they often promote code reuse. Although they often target development of dynamic web sites, they are also applicable to static websites.
Psychrogeton
Psychrogeton is a genus of plants in the tribe Astereae within the family Asteraceae.

It is native to Iran, Central Asia, and Anatolia.

Species

Psychrogeton aellenii

Psychrogeton alexeenkoi

Psychrogeton amorphoglossus

Psychrogeton cabulicus

Psychrogeton candidissimus

Psychrogeton capusi

Psychrogeton chionophilus

Psychrogeton drabiformis

Psychrogeton lumbricoides

Psychrogeton nabidshonii

Psychrogeton nigromontanus

Psychrogeton olgae

Psychrogeton persicus

Psychrogeton pseudoerigeron

Psychrogeton rotundifolius

Psychrogeton shahrestanicus

Psychrogeton sphaeroxylus

Psychrogeton turkestanicus

formerly included

several species transferred to other genera: Erigeron Rhinactinidia

Erigeron
Erigeron (/ɪˈrɪdʒərɒn/) is a large genus of plants in the composite family (Asteraceae). It is placed in the tribe Astereae and is closely related to the Old World asters (Aster) and the true daisies (Bellis). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and the highest diversity occurs in North America.
2022 Lausitzring DTM round
The 2022 Lausitzring DTM round was a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 21–22 May 2022. The event, part of the 36th season of the DTM, was held at the Lausitzring in Germany.

For this round, the alternate (and much faster) 4.601 km (2.860 mi) version of the full Grand Prix course was used with Turn 1 being the banked oval turn instead of the usual sharp left turn after the pits.

2022 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The 2022 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters was the thirty-sixth season of the premier German motor racing championship and also the twenty-third season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series' resumption in 2000. It was the second season of the DTM to be run under Group GT3 regulations.

Sheldon van der Linde won his first DTM championship driving a BMW M4 GT3 for Schubert Motorsport and Schubert Motorsport won the Teams' Championship.
Stygiella
Stygiella /ˌstɪ.d͡ʒiˈɛ.lə/ is a genus of free-living marine flagellates belonging to the family Stygiellidae in the Jakobids (excavata).

The genus currently includes four species, all of which are secondary obligate anaerobes. The species are all unicellular and crescent-shaped. All members possess hydrogenosomes, a type of acristate mitochondrion-derived organelle (MRO) that produces hydrogen gas as a metabolic product. Stygiella is a deep-branching lineage within excavates, and hydrogenosome genes sometimes show eubacterium-like mechanisms that have been useful for studying of the evolutionary history of eukaryotic mitochondria.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Richard Erle-Drax-Grosvenor (1797–1828)
Richard Edward Erle-Drax-Grosvenor (c. March 1797 – 18 August 1828), was a British politician.

A member of the Grosvenor family now headed by the Duke of Westminster, he was the son of Richard Erle-Drax-Grosvenor and Sarah Frances, daughter of Edward Drax, of Charborough House, Dorset. On his father's death in 1819 he succeeded him as Member of Parliament for New Romney, a seat he held until 1826.

Erle-Drax-Grosvenor inherited Charborough House through his mother. He died unmarried and a lunatic in August 1828, aged only 31. His sister Jane Frances Erle-Drax-Grosvenor inherited the estate. She married John Sawbridge, who assumed the surname of Erle-Drax in lieu of his patronymic.

Charborough House
Charborough House, also known as Charborough Park, is a Grade I listed building, the manor house of the ancient manor of Charborough. The house is between the villages of Sturminster Marshall and Bere Regis in Dorset, England.

The grounds, which include a deer park and gardens, adjoin the villages of Winterborne Zelston, Newton Peveril and Lytchett Matravers: they are Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens, and have been called the most splendid parkland in Dorset.
Kobiele Małe-Kolonia
Kobiele Małe-Kolonia [kɔˈbjɛlɛ ˈmawɛ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobiele Wielkie, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Kobiele Wielkie, 14 km (9 mi) east of Radomsko, and 86 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Kobiele Wielkie
Kobiele Wielkie [kɔˈbjɛlɛ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kobiele Wielkie. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) east of Radomsko and 84 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 800.

It is the birthplace of Nobel laureate, writer Władysław Reymont. There are two monuments commemorating him, in the village.
Loma morhua
Loma morhua, also known as Loma branchialis, is a species of microsporidian parasite, infecting fish. It forms xenoparasitic complexes of the cell-hypertrophy tumour type, and is found in the gills of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. It is apansporoblastic, unikaryotic, disporoblastic and undergoes partial development in parasitophorous vacuoles, while lacking plasmodial stages. It produces one or two spores in a vacuole, having tubules in the parasitophorous vacuoles.

Xenoma
A xenoma (also known as a 'xenoparasitic complex') is a growth caused by various protists and fungi, most notably microsporidia. It can occur on numerous organisms; however is predominantly found on fish.

In most cases the host cell and nuclei suffers from hypertrophy resulting in a change in organisation of the cell and its structure and can result in polyploid nuclei. This outcome is due to the microsporidian parasite proliferating inside the host cell. This results in a 'symbiotic co-existence' between the parasite and the host cell. This forms the xenoparasitic complex. They tend to contain numerous cellular components as well as microsporidia at different developmental stages and spores.

Not all microsporidia infections result in the formation of xenomas; only a few microsporidia actually cause xenoma formation.
Outline of Esperanto
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Esperanto:

Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist, created Esperanto in the late 19th century and published the first book detailing it, Unua Libro, in 1887 under the pseudonym Dr. Esperanto, Esperanto translating as "one who hopes".

Esperanto Youth Week
Esperanto Youth Week (Esperanto: Junulara E-Semajno, JES) is one of the most important Esperanto youth meetings in the world. It is organised by the German Esperanto Youth (GEJ) and the Polish Esperanto Youth (PEJ) at the end of every year in a different city of central Europe, starting 2009-10.

The meeting is taking the place of the former Internacia Seminario and Ago-Semajno, two Esperanto gatherings aimed at youth which had been overlapping since the beginning of the 2000s (decade); the former was organized by GEJ alone, while the latter was organized by the Polish Esperanto Youth and Varsovia Vento.
Ox (Chinese constellation)
The Ox mansion (牛宿, pinyin: Niú Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.  It is one of the northern mansions of the Black Tortoise.  The primary asterism of this mansion is centered on the tail of the constellation known as Capricornus in Western astronomy.

Twenty-Eight Mansions
The Twenty-Eight Mansions (Chinese: 二十八宿; pinyin: Èrshíbā Xiù), also called xiu or hsiu, are part of the Chinese constellations system. They can be considered as the equivalent to the zodiacal constellations in Western astronomy, though the Twenty-eight Mansions reflect the movement of the Moon through a sidereal month rather than the Sun in a tropical year. Each mansion is roughly a day of the month.

The lunar mansion system was in use in other parts of East Asia, such as ancient Japan; the Bansenshūkai, written by Fujibayashi Yasutake, mentions the system several times and includes an image of the twenty-eight mansions.

A similar system, called nakshatra, is used in traditional Indian astronomy.
St. Mary's High School, Peshawar
St. Mary's High School is a private Catholic primary and secondary school for boys, located in Peshawar Cantonment, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Founded in 1957, the school has been run by the Marist Brothers since 1970.

Marist Brothers
The Marist Brothers of the Schools, commonly known as simply the Marist Brothers, is an international community of Catholic religious institute of brothers. In 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, a Marist priest from France, founded the Marist Brothers with the goal of educating young people, especially those most neglected. While most of the brothers minister in school settings, others work with young people in parishes, religious retreats, spiritual accompaniment, at-risk youth settings, young adult ministry, and overseas missions. Since the 2010s, several instances of sexual abuse within Marist-run institutions have been reported in Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.
Vizzini
Vizzini is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. It is located 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Catania in the Hyblaean Mountains, on the most northwesterly slopes of Monte Lauro.

The commune territory is bounded by the comuni of Buccheri, Francofonte, Giarratana, Licodia Eubea, Militello in Val di Catania, Mineo.

Mineo
Mineo (Sicilian: Minìu; Ancient Greek: Μέναιον, Μέναινον or Μεναί; Latin: Menaeum, Menaenum or Menae) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania, part of Sicily, Italy. It lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) southwest of Catania, 56 kilometres (35 mi) from Ragusa, 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Gela, and 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Caltagirone. It has approximately 5,600 inhabitants. It serves as the center of the cult of Saint Agrippina of Mineo.

Among the churches in the town are:

Sant'Agrippina

Santi Pietro e Paolo

Santa Maria Maggiore

It is also a site of interest since Luigi Capuana, one of Italy's most famous writers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, hailed from Mineo and was at one time the town's mayor. Mineo now houses a small library and museum dedicated to Capuana.
Teodor Teodorov
Teodor Ivanov Teodorov (Bulgarian: Теодор Теодоров; 8 April 1859, Elena – 5 August 1924) was a leading Bulgarian politician and legal expert who served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria immediately after the First World War.

He was Minister of Finance from 1897 to 1899 and from 1911 to 1913.

Teodorov first came to prominence through his support for reform of the Bulgarian legal system and took part in a Commission set up in 1911 that eventually produced the Administrative Justice Law that established a Supreme Court.

He was called in to head a coalition government after the resignation of Aleksandar Malinov on 28 November 1918 and struggled to keep order in the defeated country. Initially an opponent of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, he was later forced to admit the Agrarian Peoples Union leader into the Cabinet and was ultimately succeeded as prime minister by him. Teodorov was to play no further role in Bulgarian politics.

Prime Minister of Bulgaria
The prime minister of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Министър-председател на България) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are oftentimes the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament, known as the National Assembly, and the leader of the cabinet. At times, the prime minister has been appointed by the President of Bulgaria, in order to lead a caretaker government. Andrey Gyurov is currently serving as the caretaker prime minister.
Sasser Cup
The George F. "Buddy" Sasser Cup Trophy (usually just called the Sasser Cup) is a trophy awarded annually to the top athletic program in the Big South Conference. Formally called The Commissioner's Cup, it was renamed The Sasser Cup after former commissioner Buddy Sasser.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Comparison of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish
Danish, Norwegian (including both written forms: Bokmål, the most common standard form; and Nynorsk) and Swedish are all descended from Old Norse, the common ancestor of all North Germanic languages spoken today. Thus, they are closely related, and largely mutually intelligible, particularly in their standard varieties. The largest differences are found in pronunciation and language-specific vocabulary, which may hinder mutual intelligibility to some extent in some dialects. All dialects of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish form a dialect continuum within a wider North Germanic dialect continuum.

Voiced uvular fricative
A voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʁ⟩, an inverted small uppercase letter ⟨ʀ⟩, or in broad transcription ⟨r⟩ if rhotic. This consonant is one of the several collectively called guttural R when found in European languages.

A voiced uvular approximant is also found interchangeably with the fricative, and may also be transcribed as ⟨ʁ⟩. Because the IPA symbol stands for the uvular fricative, the approximant may be specified by adding the downtack: ⟨ʁ̞⟩, though some writings use a superscript ⟨ʶ⟩, which is not an official IPA practice.

For a voiced pre-uvular fricative (also called post-velar), see voiced velar fricative.
American Eagle Outfitters
American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. is an American  clothing and accessories retailer headquartered at SouthSide Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1977 by brothers Jerry and Mark Silverman as a subsidiary of Retail Ventures, Inc., a company that also owned and operated Silverman's Menswear. The Silvermans sold half their ownership interests in 1980 to the Schottenstein family and the remainder in 1991. American Eagle Outfitters is  the parent company of Aerie, Unsubscribed, and Todd Snyder.

American Eagle retails jeans, polo shirts, graphic T-shirts, boxers, outerwear, and swimwear. American Eagle targets male and female university and high school students, although older adults also wear the brand.

In 1977, the first American Eagle Outfitters store opened in Twelve Oaks Mall in Novi, Michigan. As of January 2023, the company operated 1,175 American Eagle stores, 175 Aerie stores, and 12 Todd Snyder stores across the US, Canada, Mexico, and Hong Kong.

Polo shirt
A polo shirt, tennis shirt, golf shirt, or chukker shirt is a form of shirt with a collar. Polo shirts are usually short sleeved but can be long; they were used by polo players originally in British India in 1859 and in Great Britain during the 1920s.

Polo shirts are usually made of knitted cotton (rather than woven cloth), usually a piqué knit, or less commonly an interlock knit (the latter used frequently, though not exclusively, with pima cotton polos), or using other fibers such as silk, wool, synthetic fibers, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers. A dress-length version of the shirt is called a polo dress.
Haploscythris chloraema
Haploscythris chloraema is a moth in the family Scythrididae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1887. It is found in Botswana, Madagascar, Namibia and South Africa.

The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are pale grey, irrorated (sprinkled) with grey. The plical and first discal stigmata are well marked, blackish, the plical obliquely anterior, the second discal only indicated by two or three blackish scales. The hindwings are grey.

Scythrididae
Scythrididae (flower moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The family is sometimes included in the Xyloryctidae as a subfamily Scythridinae, but the Xyloryctidae themselves have sometimes been included in the Oecophoridae as subfamily. Scythrididae adults are smallish to mid-sized moths, which when at rest appear teardrop-shaped.
Henri Drell
Henri Drell (born 25 April 2000) is an Estonian professional basketball player for Joventut Badalona of the Spanish Liga ACB. He also represents the Estonian national basketball team internationally. Standing 2.05 metres (6 ft 9 in), he mainly plays as a small forward. He is also the second Estonian player to ever play in the NBA.

2021 Italian Basketball Cup
The 2021 Italian Basketball Cup, known as the Frecciarossa Final Eight 2021 for sponsorship reasons, was the 45th edition of Italy's national cup tournament. The competition is managed by the Lega Basket for LBA clubs. The tournament was played from 11 to 14 February 2021 in Assago (Milan), at the end of the first half of the 2020–21 LBA season.

Umana Reyer Venezia were the defending champions.

All times are in Central European Time (UTC+01:00).