hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Basis function
In mathematics,  a basis function is an element of a particular basis for a function space. Every function in the function space can be represented as a linear combination of basis functions. In finite-dimensional vector spaces this representation is purely algebraic and involves only finitely many basis functions, whereas in infinite-dimensional settings it typically takes the form of an infinite series whose convergence depends on the topology of the space.

In numerical analysis and approximation theory, basis functions are also called blending functions, because of their use in interpolation: In this application, a mixture of the basis functions provides an interpolating function (with the "blend" depending on the evaluation of the basis functions at the data points).

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
83rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 83rd Pennsylvania was a volunteer infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War, first organized at Erie in September, 1861.  The 83rd participated in almost every major battle in the East, including Seven Days Battles, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Petersburg and Appomattox Court House.

As one of four regiments in the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, it fought alongside the 20th Maine, 44th New York, and the 16th Michigan in the defense of Little Round Top. Colonel Strong Vincent, the regiment's commanding officer, was mortally wounded during this engagement.

The 83rd Pennsylvania suffered the second-highest number of battle deaths among Union Army infantry regiments during the war, second only to the 5th New Hampshire.

Future Medal of Honor recipient Leander Herron served in the 83rd Pennsylvania from December 1863 to June 1865.

20th Maine Infantry Regiment
The 20th Maine Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment of the United States Army (Union Army) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), most famous for its defense of Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1–3, 1863.  The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th Maine.
England Boxing National Amateur Championships Lightweight Champions
The England Boxing National Amateur Championships Lightweight Championship formerly known as the ABA Championships is the primary English amateur boxing championship. It had previously been contested by all the nations of the United Kingdom.

England Boxing National Amateur Championships
The England Boxing National Amateur Championships previously known as the ABA Championships is the premier amateur boxing tournament in Great Britain, hosted annually by England Boxing. The Championships are 'open' class: any boxer who is registered with a club registered with England Boxing (aged over 17 years by the 1 October) can enter.
Nijlande
Nijlande is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Aa en Hunze, and lies about 6 km southeast of Assen. The area "Nijlande", which also includes the nearby countryside, has a population of around 60.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1634 as Nyelande, and means "new land". Nijlande is an esdorp which developed on cultivated land as a satellite of Rolde. Nijlande was home to 51 people in 1840.

Aa en Hunze
Aa en Hunze (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌaː ʔɛn ˈɦʏnzə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality has 26,089 inhabitants. The town hall is located in Gieten. The municipality of Aa en Hunze was created on 1 January 1998 by merging the municipalities of Rolde, Gasselte, Gieten, and Anloo.

The names 'Aa' (more precisely the 'Drentsche Aa') and 'Hunze' refer to two small rivers through the municipality. The municipality consists of two distinct parts, each with a different history. The two parts are separated by the Hondsrug, which itself belongs to the western part. This sandy area is among the oldest inhabited regions in the Netherlands. The eastern part of the municipality has a much shorter history of habitation.
2020 Gjerdrum landslide
The 2020 Gjerdrum landslide was a quick clay landslide that occurred in the early hours of 30 December 2020 at Ask village, the administrative centre of Gjerdrum, Norway. It spanned a flow off area of 300 by 700 metres (980 by 2,300 ft) and additionally affected 9 hectares (22 acres) by debris flow. Several buildings were destroyed, most of them houses and apartment buildings.

As of 22 March 2021, ten people had been confirmed killed by the landslide.

In 2022, the police charged Gjerdrum Municipality. The causes of the landslide [... had by 2022 been] investigated by police; another investigation, tasked with finding – prior to August 2021 – the causes of the landslide, will be performed by a group of experts.

Ask, Akershus
Ask is the administrative centre of Gjerdrum municipality, Norway. It is around 20 km north-east of Oslo. Its population is 6,890 as of 2020.

Ask contains a community centre, schools, kindergartens, a training centre, shops, a pub, restaurants and hotel, according to public information.
Tetrachondraceae
Tetrachondraceae is a plant family in the order Lamiales. The family contains the two genera Polypremum and Tetrachondra, which together comprise the three species:

Polypremum procumbens L. (1753) – juniper leaf or rustweed

Tetrachondra hamiltonii Petrie ex Oliv. (1892)

Tetrachondra patagonica Skottsb. (1912)

Lamiales
The Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order of flowering plants in the asterids clade of the Eudicots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification the order consists of 24 families, and includes about 23,810 species and 1,059 genera with representatives found all over the world. Well-known or economically important members of this order include aromatic, culinary, and medicinal herbs such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, perilla, lemon verbena, catnip, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort, as well as olives, ash trees, teak, foxgloves, lilacs, jasmine, snapdragons, African violets, Jacarandas, Paulownias, butterfly bushes, sesame, and psyllium.
The Crusher (wrestler)
Reginald Lisowski (July 11, 1926 – October 22, 2005) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, The Crusher (sometimes Crusher Lisowski to distinguish him from other Crushers, such as Crusher Blackwell). In his obituary, The Washington Post described him as "a professional wrestler whose blue-collar bona fides made him beloved among working class fans for 40 years". One of the biggest-drawing performers in the history of the American Wrestling Association (AWA), he was known as "The Man Who Made Milwaukee Famous", and found his greatest success in the American Midwest, often teaming with Dick the Bruiser.

AWA World Heavyweight Championship
The AWA World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship and the highest ranked championship in the defunct American Wrestling Association (AWA). All AWA trademarks, including the AWA World Heavyweight Championship, are now owned by WWE.
Parties in the European Council between January and June 2013
Until 1 July 2013 the European Union will have twenty-seven members. On that date, Croatia is expected to join the Union, therefore forcing a change of the influence each member-state has, as well as its Qualified Majority Voting. This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2013. The list below gives the political party that each head of government, or head of state, belongs to at the national level, as well as the national level to which that national party belongs. The states are listed from most to least populous. More populous states have greater influence in the council, in accordance with the system of Qualified Majority Voting.

Voting in the Council of the European Union
The procedures for voting in the Council of the European Union are described in the treaties of the European Union. The Council of the European Union (or simply "Council" or "Council of Ministers") has had its voting procedure amended by subsequent treaties and currently operates on the system set forth in the Treaty of Lisbon. The system is known as qualified majority voting is a type of consociational democracy.
Jonathan Rashleigh (1642–1702)
Jonathan Rashleigh (1642–1702) of Menabilly, near Fowey, Cornwall was Sheriff of Cornwall in 1686/87, and twice MP for Fowey 1675–1681 and 1689–1695. His portrait exists at Antony House, Torpoint, Cornwall, formerly the  home of his second wife Sarah Carew.

High Sheriff of Cornwall
The right to choose high sheriffs each year is vested in the Duchy of Cornwall. The Privy Council, chaired by the sovereign, chooses the sheriffs of all other English counties, other than those in the Duchy of Lancaster. This right came from the Earldom of Cornwall. In the time of earls Richard and Edmund, the steward or seneschal of Cornwall was often also the sheriff.
Ranganatha Ramayanamu
Sri Ranganatha Ramayanamu (Telugu: శ్రీ రంగనాథ రామాయణము) is a rendition of Valmiki's Rāmāyaṇa in Telugu language. It was written by the poet Ranganatha—also known as Gona Budda Reddy—between 1300 and 1310 CE. It was composed in 17,290 couplets (in Dwipada metre). This metre is lyrical and can either be recited like the Valmiki Ramayana (written in Anustupa metre) or sung like the Ramcharitmanas (written in Doha-Chaupai).

Telugu has a very rich literary tradition, starting in the 11th century CE. Although there are more than forty adaptions of the Valmiki Ramayana which are partly or completely in Telugu, only four adaptions have covered the entire theme of the original epic. They are Ranganatha Ramayanam, Bhaskara Ramayanam, Molla Ramayanam, and Ramayana Kalpavruksham.

Ramayana Kalpavruksham
Srimadramayana Kalpavrukshamu (transl. Holy Ramayana, the Wish-fulfilling Divine Tree), commonly referred to as Ramayana Kalpavruksham, is an Indian Telugu-language epic poetry work written by Viswanatha Satyanarayana. It is a Telugu rendering of Valmiki's Ramayana. In 1970, Satyanarayana won India's highest literary award, Jnanpith Award for the book. He became the first Telugu writer to receive the Jnanpith Award through this work.

Ramayana Kalpavruksham is considered to be the magnum opus of Viswanatha Satyanarayana and one of the most prominent works of modern Telugu literature. The book written in traditional metre and style is considered a neo-traditionalist work of 20th century Telugu literature. Satyanarayana followed Valmiki in the narration of the story, but made some alterations to the characters and their motivations.
Anvar Kurbanov
Anvar Kurbanov (Uzbek: Qurbonov Anvar Sarmanovich; born 1948) is an Uzbek builder, craftsman, and brigade leader of the Mobile Mechanized Column No. 49 of the "Sir daryojamqurilish" State Enterprise in the Sirdaryo Region. In 1998, he was awarded the title of Hero of Uzbekistan.

Sirdaryo Region
Sirdaryo Region (Uzbek: Sirdaryo viloyati) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the center of the country on the left bank of Syr Darya River. It borders with Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Tashkent Region, and Jizzakh Region. It covers an area of 4,276 square kilometres (1,651 sq mi), and is mostly desert, with the Mirzachoʻl taking up a significant part of the region's area. The population is estimated to be 860,900 (2021).

The capital is the city of Guliston (pop. est. 91,300, 2021). Other cities and towns include Baxt, Boyovut, Farhod, Qahramon, Sayxun, Sirdaryo, Khavast, Shirin and Yangiyer.
Extension of a topological group
In mathematics, more specifically in topological groups, an extension of topological groups, or a topological extension, is a  short exact sequence   where  and  are topological groups and   and    are  continuous homomorphisms which are also open onto their images. Every extension of topological groups is therefore  a group extension.

Topological group
In mathematics, topological groups are the combination of groups and topological spaces, i.e. they are groups and topological spaces at the same time, such that the continuity condition for the group operations connects these two structures together and consequently they are not independent from each other.

Topological groups were studied extensively in the period of 1925 to 1940. Haar and Weil (respectively in 1933 and 1940) showed that the integrals and Fourier series are special cases of a construct that can be defined on a very wide class of topological groups.

Topological groups, along with continuous group actions, are used to study continuous symmetries, which have many applications, for example, in physics. In functional analysis, every topological vector space is an additive topological group with the additional property that scalar multiplication is continuous; consequently, many results from the theory of topological groups can be applied to functional analysis.
Thames and Medway Canal
The Thames and Medway Canal is a disused canal in Kent, south east England, also known as the Gravesend and Rochester Canal. It was originally some 11 km (6.8 mi) long and cut across the neck of the Hoo peninsula, linking the River Thames at Gravesend with the River Medway at Strood. The canal was first mooted in 1778 as a shortcut for military craft from Deptford and Woolwich Dockyards on the Thames to Chatham Dockyard on the Medway, avoiding the 74 km (46 mi) journey round the peninsula and through the Thames estuary. The canal was also intended to take commercial traffic between the two rivers.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
Magdalene of Bavaria
Magdalene of Bavaria (German: Magdalena von Bayern) (4 July 1587 – 25 September 1628) was a German princess of the House of Wittelsbach who became Countess Palatine of Neuburg and Duchess of Jülich-Berg by marriage.

She was born in Munich, Bavaria, the tenth and youngest child of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata of Lorraine.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
2026 Texas gubernatorial election
The 2026 Texas gubernatorial election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Republican Governor Greg Abbott declared his intention to run for election to an unprecedented fourth term on November 9, 2025. If Abbott were to be successful and finish out a fourth full term, he would become the state's longest-serving governor with 16 years on January 21, 2031, surpassing the 14 years of his predecessor, Rick Perry. He would also tie with former California Governor Jerry Brown and former South Dakota Governor Bill Janklow as the fourth longest-serving governor in United States history at 5,845 days served.

Party primaries are scheduled on March 3, 2026, and potential primary runoffs where no candidate receives over 50% in a primary would be on May 26, 2026. The filing deadline was December 8, 2025.

International Brotherhood of Teamsters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) is a labor union in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1903 by the merger of the Team Drivers International Union and the Teamsters National Union, the union now represents a diverse membership of blue- and white-collar workers in both the public and private sectors, totalling about 1.3 million members in 2015. The union was formerly called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America.
Marne, Germany
Marne (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁnə] ⓘ; Low German: Marn) is a town in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea coast, approximately 30 km (19 mi) south of Heide, and 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Cuxhaven.

Marne is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Marne-Nordsee.

Heide
Heide (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪdə] ⓘ; Holsatian: Heid) is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) Dithmarschen. Population: 22,000.

The German word Heide means "heath". In the 15th century four adjoining villages decided to build a church in the "middle of the heath". This remained the town's name to date. The exact foundation date is now unknown, but by 1447 Heide was already the main village of Dithmarschen. At this time Dithmarschen was an independent peasant republic. Heide became a town in the 19th century.

Heide has the largest un-built-upon market square in Germany, with 4.7 hectares. It is used primarily as a parking lot and has approximately 500 parking spaces. In 2016, the city staged 3 car-free Sundays on the market square for the first time.
RVAH-3
RVAH-3 was a Reconnaissance Attack (Heavy) Squadron of the U.S. Navy that served as the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS) for the RVAH community. Originally established as Heavy Attack Squadron Three (VAH-3) on 15 June 1956, it was redesignated as Reconnaissance Attack (Heavy) Squadron Three (RVAH-3) on 1 July 1964. The squadron was disestablished on 17 August 1979.

Lockheed P-2 Neptune
The Lockheed P-2 Neptune (designated P2V by the United States Navy prior to September 1962) is a maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. It was developed for the US Navy by Lockheed to replace the Lockheed PV-1 Ventura and PV-2 Harpoon, and was replaced in turn by the Lockheed P-3 Orion. Designed as a land-based aircraft, the Neptune never made a carrier landing, but a small number were converted and deployed as carrier-launched (using JATO assist), stop-gap nuclear bombers that would have to land on shore or ditch. The type was successful in export, and saw service with several armed forces.
Alan Scanlan
Alan Henry Scanlan (23 June 1931 – 22 December 2025) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Caulfield to commercial traveller Edward Daniel John Scanlan and Winifred Bernice Fowler. He attended Melbourne High School and Melbourne Teachers' College, and worked as a teacher in London from 1958 to 1959. On 16 December 1961, he married fellow teacher Shirley Jane Pope, with whom he had one son. He had joined the Liberal Party in 1952 and was president of the Victorian Young Liberals from 1959 to 1961.

In 1961, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Oakleigh. He was Cabinet Secretary from 1970 to 1972, Assistant Minister for Education from 1972 to 1973, Minister for Health from 1973 to 1976 and Minister of Special Education from 1976 to 1979, when he was defeated. He subsequently moved to Trinity Beach in Queensland, where he served on Mulgrave Shire Council from 1982.

Scanlan died on 22 December 2025, at the age of 94.

Minister for Health (Victoria)
The Minister for Health is a minister within the Executive Council of Victoria tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the Victorian Government's health and hospital laws and initiatives.

Following the 2022 Victorian state election, the Andrews Government created the Minister for Health Infrastructure portfolio alongside the Minister for Health portfolio.

Mary-Anne Thomas has been the minister since June 2022.
2026 Chennai Open Challenger
The 2026 Chennai Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2026 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Chennai, India between 9 and 15 February 2026.

2026 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2026 is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2026 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 156 tournaments (as of 3 August 2026), with prize money ranging from $63,000 up to $300,000. It is the 49th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle, and 18th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Robin Hallberg
Robin Christoffer Hallberg (born 19 August 1989) is a Swedish former professional handball player who played as a goalkeeper. He represented Hammarby IF, Eskilstuna Guif, and IL Runar Sandefjord during a career that spanned between 2007 and 2019. A youth international for Sweden, he appeared seven times for the Sweden U20 team and represented his country at the 2009 Men's Junior World Handball Championship.

2007–08 Elitserien (men's handball)
The 2007–08 Elitserien was the 74th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 14 teams competed in the league. The eight highest placed teams qualified for the playoffs, whereas teams 11–12 had to play relegation playoffs against teams from the second division, and teams 13–14 were relegated automatically. Hammarby IF won the regular season and also won the playoffs to claim their third Swedish title.
NGC 6144
NGC 6144 is a globular cluster in the constellation Scorpius, located almost exactly 1° away from its brighter counterpart globular cluster Messier 4. It is relatively close to and is partially obscured by the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. The cluster has a very low core stellar density for a globular cluster and harbors a handful of X-ray radiation sources.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.