hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newspaper hawker
A newspaper hawker, newsboy or newsie is a street vendor of newspapers without a fixed newsstand. Related jobs include paperboys, delivering newspapers to subscribers, and news butchers, selling papers on trains. The job was historically done by children, especially in the United States. The profession has faced significant decline worldwide in modern times owing to the advent of online news.

In the United States they became an iconic image of youthful entrepreneurship. Famous Americans that had worked as newsboys included Bruce Barton, Ralph Bunche, Joe DiMaggio, Thomas Edison, Dwight Eisenhower, Sam Rayburn, Walter Reuther, David Sarnoff, Cardinal Spellman, Harry Truman and Mark Twain.

Newsagent's shop
A newsagent's shop is a small business that sells newspapers, magazines, cigarettes, snacks and often items of local appeal. Newsagents typically operate in busy public places like city streets, railway stations and airports. Racks for newspapers and magazines can also be found within convenience stores, bookstores and supermarkets. The physical establishment can be either freestanding or part of a larger structure (e.g. a shopping mall or a railway station). In Canada and the United States, newsstands are often open stalls in public locations such as streets, or in a transit terminal or station (subway, rail, or airport).
Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history. Before the Mongol conquest, Russians of Novgorod and Vladimir repeatedly looted and attacked the area, thereby weakening the Bulgar state's economy and military power. The latter ambushed the Mongols in the later 1223 or in 1224. Several clashes occurred between 1229–1234, and the Mongol Empire conquered the Bulgars in 1236.

Cuman language
Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar (tatar til) in Codex Cumanicus) was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch. Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and in early modern manuscripts, like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing.
Diomede, Alaska
Diomede (Inupiaq: Iŋaliq, Russian: Диомид, romanized: Diomid) is an incorporated island city in the U.S. state of Alaska. Little Diomede Island is the smaller of the two Diomede Islands that are located in the middle of the Bering Strait; the larger of the two islands, Big Diomede Island, is part of Russia. As of 2020, the population of Diomede is 82.

Diomede's native name, Iŋaliq, means "the other one" or "the one over there".

Yupik peoples
The Yupik (/ˈjuːpɪk/; Russian: Юпикские народы) are a group of Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples of western, southwestern, and southcentral Alaska and the Russian Far East. They are closely related to the Inuit and Iñupiat. Yupik peoples include the following:

Alutiiq, or Sugpiaq, of the Alaska Peninsula and coastal and island areas of southcentral Alaska.

Yupʼik or Central Alaskan Yupʼik of the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, the Kuskokwim River, and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay in Alaska.

Siberian Yupik, including Naukan, Chaplino, and—in a linguistic capacity—the Sirenik of the Russian Far East and St. Lawrence Island in western Alaska.
2012 Southern Utah Thunderbirds football team
The 2012 Southern Utah Thunderbirds football team represented Southern Utah University in the Big Sky Conference during the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Ed Lamb, the Thunderbirds played their home games at Eccles Coliseum in Cedar City, Utah.

In their first year as a member of the Big Sky, they were 5–6 overall (4–4 in Big Sky, tied for fifth).

Eccles Coliseum
Eccles Coliseum is an 8,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in the western United States, on the campus of Southern Utah University in Cedar City, Utah. It is the home venue of the Southern Utah Thunderbirds football team of the United Athletic Conference and track and field teams of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

The stadium also hosts the Utah Summer Games opening ceremonies and several events. Opened 58 years ago in 1967, its Hellas MatrixTurf playing field has a traditional north-south alignment at an elevation 5,800 feet (1,770 m) above sea level. The surface was natural grass until 2012.
Barbara W. Newell
Barbara Warne Newell (born August 19, 1929) is an economist, career professor, and higher education administrator. She served as the tenth President of Wellesley College from 1972 to 1980 and was the first female chancellor of the State University System of Florida from 1981 to 1985.

During her time as the 10th President of Wellesley College, she founded the Center for Research on Women, which would later become the Wellesley Centers for Women. This institute is home to hundreds of research and action projects that have informed public policy, influenced practices, and shaped public opinion.

Newell also served as the first woman U.S. Ambassador to UNESCO from 1979 to 1981, succeeding Esteban Edward Torres.

Robben Wright Fleming
Robben Wright Fleming (December 18, 1916 – January 11, 2010), also known in his youth as Robben Wheeler Fleming, was an American lawyer, professor, author and academic administrator. He was president of the University of Michigan from 1968 to 1979—and interim president again in 1988—and established a reputation for patience and willingness to engage in dialogue with students during the frequent campus protests of that era. He has been called "one of the truly great presidents of the University of Michigan" by former University president Mary Sue Coleman.

He served as chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1964 to 1967 and also led that institution through a period of campus unrest—including, in one instance, writing a personal check to cover bail for students arrested during a demonstration.

He also worked as a lawyer in the U.S. Army during World War II, as a labor negotiator and labor arbitrator, and as president of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Saint Anthony parish, Gdynia
The parish of Saint Anthony of Padua in Gdynia (Polish: parafia pw. św. Antoniego Padewskiego w Gdyni) is a Roman Catholic religious administrative unit and community, located in the Archdiocese of Gdańsk. Centered on the Conventual Franciscans' friary and church of Saint Anthony, it chiefly covers the Gdynia district of Wzgórze św. Maksymiliana. It is recognized for numerous social and religious activities ranging from ministry to culture, education and charity. The church building, towering above large part of the city, is known as one of Gdynia's landmarks. Its peculiarity was that it periodically hosted two churches one above another.

Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua, OFM, or Anthony of Lisbon; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Anthony was born to and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946.
Bertha Puga de Lleras
Bertha Puga Martínez de Lleras (13 March 1909 – 9 August 2007) was the first lady of Colombia from 1945 to 1946 and again from 1958 until 1962, as the wife of President Alberto Lleras Camargo. She was the second person to serve in this role during two nonconsecutive terms after María Michelsen de López, and the first naturalized citizen to become first lady.

Puga de Lleras met Alberto in late 1929 in Bogotá while her father Arturo Puga Osorio was Chilean ambassador to Colombia. She married Alberto Lleras Camargo in 1931. The Lleras family lived a private life before Alberto's first election as president in 1945 and his reelection in 1958.

María Michelsen de López
María Michelsen de López (née Michelsen Lombana; February 17, 1890 - January 22, 1949) was a Colombian scientist and philanthropist who served as first lady of Colombia from 1934 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1945 as the wife of President Alfonso López Pumarejo. She and María Cristina Arango are the only two women in Colombian history who were both married to a president and the mother of a president. She was the second person to serve in this role during two non-consecutive terms in Colombia's history after Soledad Román de Núñez.

Michelsen de López was the first First Lady with a university degree. She was also notable for being the first to be called First Lady. Defender of the rights of orphans, she was the co-founder of several shelters in Bogotá.
1968–69 Israel State Cup
The 1968–69 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 30th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 15th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition started on 14 September 1968 with Liga Bet and Liga Gimel clubs playing the first round. Liga Alef clubs joined the competition in the fourth round, played on 30 November 1968 and Liga Leumit entered on the sixth round, on 12 April 1969.

Hakoah Maccabi Ramat Gan and Maccabi Sha'arayim met in the final, both teams appearing in their first final (although Hakoah Tel Aviv, one of the clubs which were merged to form Hakoah Maccabi Ramat Gan, did appear in the 1935 final). Hakoah emerged the winner by a single goal to claim its first cup.

1935 Palestine Cup
The 1935 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the seventh season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition.

The defending holders were Hapoel Tel Aviv. However, Hapoel Tel Aviv chose not to participate in this edition and defend the title. With six teams participating in the competition, the draw for the quarter-finals and semi-finals was held on 21 May 1935, with the two quarter-final matches being played on 1 June 1935.

Surprise contestants Maccabi Avshalom Petah Tikva and Hakoah Tel Aviv met at the final in the Maccabiah Stadium, with Petah Tikva winning by the odd goal.
Vocal percussion
Vocal percussion is the art of creating sounds with one's mouth that approximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the same purpose as a percussion instrument, whether in a group of singers, an instrumental ensemble, or solo.

Bol (music)
A bol is a standardized mnemonic syllable used in North Indian classical music to define the tala, or rhythmic pattern. Bol is derived from the Hindi word bolna (बोलना), which means "to speak." One who learns to play the tabla or pakhavaj (or pakhawaj) drum is taught to recite the rhythms as bols, which can be quite complex.

Bol is analogous to konnakol, which is used to recite rhythms for the mridangam drum in Carnatic music, which is South Indian classical music.
5′-Methylthioadenosine
5′-Methylthioadenosine is S-methyl derivative of the adenosine. It is an intermediate in the methylthioadenosine (MTA) cycle, also known as the methionine salvage pathway that is universal to aerobic life.

Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
Hardin College and Conservatory of Music
Hardin College and Conservatory of Music was a women's college located in Mexico, Missouri. It opened in 1873 and closed in 1932 due to financial pressures caused by the Great Depression. Harden was the home of the Alpha chapter of Phi Theta Kappa, the international honor society for two-year colleges

Missouri Military Academy
Missouri Military Academy is a private, college-preparatory school for boys in Mexico, Missouri, United States. Established in 1889, it is a selective boarding school that teaches students in grades 7 to 12. As a U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) Honor Unit With Distinction (as designated by the U.S. Department of the Army), it can nominate cadets to the U.S. Military Academy, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, and Coast Guard Academy.
Scots PGC College
The Scots PGC College is an independent, co-educational, Uniting Church, day and boarding school, located in Warwick, Queensland, Australia. 
The College currently caters for approximately 450 international and Australian students from Prep to year 12, including 180 boarders.

Located on two campuses, the College is currently divided into three age-based 'Learning Precincts' - a Junior School, a Middle School and a Senior School. In 2008, a new Performing Arts Center was opened to cater specifically for Drama and Music.

The Scots PGC College is a member of the Junior School Heads Association of Australia and The Associated Schools.

Independent Primary School Heads of Australia
The Independent Primary School Heads of Australia (IPSHA) formerly Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), is an incorporated body representing the heads of independent primary schools in Australia. 
Officially established in September 1952, the Association is broken into state branches, with six offices across Australia. The organisation currently has a membership of nearly 380 Full Members, 60 Associate and Life Members and 23 Overseas Members. Combined, the member schools employ around 6,000 people, and are responsible for educating about 100,000 primary aged children.
Circulatory System (band)
Circulatory System is a psychedelic rock musical ensemble formed by musician/painter Will Cullen Hart, and featuring Derek Almstead, Suzanne Allison, Peter Erchick, John Fernandes, Charlie Johnston, and Heather McIntosh.

Hart, part of the Elephant Six Collective, was one of the lead players in the Olivia Tremor Control. After that group disbanded in 2000, he and most of the other former Olivias, with the exception of Bill Doss (who was focusing on his solo project Sunshine Fix), and Eric Harris, formed Circulatory System.  Neutral Milk Hotel's Jeff Mangum also contributed to their albums, but was only briefly part of the touring version of the band.

Their third full-length album, Mosaics within Mosaics, was released on June 24, 2014.

Hart died on November 29, 2024, aged 53.

The Sunshine Fix
The Sunshine Fix was an American indie rock group that released three albums from 1993 to 2004. Their main singer and songwriter was Bill Doss, known from the Olivia Tremor Control. The name predated the Olivia Tremor Control and remained in use until Doss's 2012 death.
Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities
The Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is a quarterly peer-reviewed open-access academic journal published by UPM Press (University of Putra Malaysia). It covers all aspects of social and behavioural sciences as well as the humanities. The editor-in-chief is Puvaneswaran Kunasekaran (Universiti of Putra Malaysia).

University of Putra Malaysia
University of Putra Malaysia (Malay: Universiti Putra Malaysia), abbreviated as UPM, is a Malaysian public research university located in Serdang, Selangor. Formerly it was named Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Agricultural University of Malaysia), focusing on agricultural sciences and related fields. Since the 1990s, the fields of study have expanded to include human ecology, languages, architecture, medicine, computer science and biotechnology. Currently there are 15 faculties, 11 institutes and 2 schools covering these as well as agriculture, forestry, veterinary medicine, economics, engineering, sciences, and education.

UPM has been recognised as a research university since 2006, one of five present in Malaysia. In 2010, self-accreditation status was awarded by Malaysian Qualifications Agency to simplify the procedure of accrediting academic programs, strengthening its own Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) system to compete among local universities.
Amblydoras nauticus
Amblydoras nauticus, the marbled talking catfish or marbled raphael catfish, is a species of thorny catfish endemic to Peru where it is found in the upper Amazon basin. This species grows to a length of 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in) SL.

It is often found in the aquarium trade where commonly mislabelled as "'Amblydoras hancockii" (a synonym of another species, Platydoras hancockii).

Doradidae
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes  or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.

Doradids are omnivorous.
Casem-Spinks Stadium
The Casem Spinks Stadium is a 22,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Lorman, Mississippi, which is the home field of the Alcorn State Braves college football team. The stadium is surrounded by the campus of Alcorn State University and is adjacent to the Davey Whitney Complex.

Alcorn State University
Alcorn State University (Alcorn State, ASU or Alcorn) is a public historically black land-grant research university adjacent to Lorman, Mississippi. It was founded in 1871 and was the first black land grant college established in the United States.  The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alcorn State's athletic teams are known as the Braves and compete in the NCAA's Division I. All teams compete as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Hu (mythology)
Hu (ḥw), in ancient Egypt, was "the personification of a religious term, the creative utterance" and closely connected to Sia. Hu was deification of the first word, the word of creation, that Atum was said to have exclaimed upon ejaculating in his masturbatory act of creating the Ennead.

Hu is mentioned already in the Old Kingdom Pyramid Texts (PT 251, PT 697) as companion of the deceased pharaoh. Together with Sia, he was depicted in the retinue of Thoth.

In the Middle Kingdom, all gods participated in Hu and Sia, and were associated with Ptah who created the universe by uttering the word of creation. Hu was rarely depicted visually, when Hu was depicted it would be as an anthropomorphic deity.

In the New Kingdom, both Hu and Sia together with Heka, Irer and Sedjem were members of the creative powers of Amun-Ra. By the time of Ptolemaic Egypt, Hu had merged with Shu (air).

Heka (god)
Heka (/ˈhɛkə/; Ancient Egyptian: ḥkꜣ(w); Coptic: ϩⲓⲕ hik; also transliterated Hekau) was the deification of magic and medicine in ancient Egypt. The name is the Egyptian word for "magic". According to Egyptian literature (Coffin text, spell 261), Heka existed "before duality had yet come into being." The term ḥkꜣ was also used to refer to the practice of magical rituals.
Semi-orthogonal matrix
In linear algebra, a semi-orthogonal matrix is a non-square matrix with real entries where: if the number of columns exceeds the number of rows, then the rows are orthonormal vectors; but if the number of rows exceeds the number of columns, then the columns are orthonormal vectors.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
I Will Go Out
I Will Go Out (or #IWillGoOut) was a nationwide march carried on 21 January 2017 in India to demand women's right to fair and equitable access to public spaces. People marched across 30 cities and towns of India including Bengaluru, Delhi, Pune, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Puducherry, Silchar, Nagpur, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Bhopal, Udaipur, Kochi and Karimganj and was organized by a collective of individuals and organisations.

G. Parameshwara
Gangadharaiah Parameshwara (born 6 August 1951) is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the Home Minister of Karnataka since 27 May 2023. He has also served as the seventh Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka,  and longest-serving President of the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee for two consecutive terms.
Cassidae
The Cassidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized, large, and sometimes very large sea snails commonly called helmet snails or bonnet snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tonnoidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.

About 60 species comprise the family Cassidae; an example is Cypraecassis rufa.

Onyx
Onyx is a typically black-and-white banded variety of agate, a silicate mineral. The bands can also be monochromatic with alternating light and dark bands. Sardonyx is a variety with red to brown bands alternated with black or white bands. The name "onyx" is also frequently used for level-banded (parallel-banded) agates, but in proper usage it refers to color pattern not band structure. Onyx, as a descriptive term, has also been incorrectly applied to parallel-banded varieties of alabaster, marble, calcite, obsidian, and opal, and misleadingly to materials with contorted banding, such as "cave onyx" and "Mexican onyx".
Başkavak, Savur
Başkavak (Arabic: الأحمدي, Syriac: Aḥmadī) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Savur, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Arabic-speaking Mhallami and had a population of 2,014 in 2021. Members of the Naqshbandi sayyid Beyt Hamidi family also reside in the village who maintain followers in nearby settlements. It is located in the historic region of Bēth Muḥallam in Tur Abdin.

Savur
Savur (Syriac: ܨܰܘܪܳܐ, romanized: Ṣawro; Arabic: صور, romanized: Ṣawr; Kurdish: Stewr), meaning “mountain ridge” in Syriac and formerly known as Savor, is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 962 km2, and its population is 24,821 (2022).
Meridian Park (Cleethorpes)
Meridian Showground is a multi-purpose entertainment venue in Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. It hosted its first event organised by Solid Entertainments of Grimsby featuring The Zutons and The Proclaimers in August 2009 as part of the Cleethorpes Rocks Music Festival.

Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes (/ˈkliːθɔːrps/) is a seaside town on the estuary of the Humber in North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England with a population of 29,678 in 2021. It has been permanently occupied since the 6th century, with fishing as its original industry, and then developing into a resort in the 19th century. Before becoming a unified town, Cleethorpes was made up of the three small villages of Itterby, Oole and Thrunscoe.

The town lies on the Prime meridian, also known as the Greenwich meridian, and its average annual rainfall is amongst the lowest in the British Isles.

In 2021, The Trainline named Cleethorpes beach the second best seaside destination in the UK that is reachable by train, just behind Margate.