hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 deaths in the United States (January–March)
The following notable deaths in the United States occurred in January–March 2023. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order as set out in WP:NAMESORT.
A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:
Name, age, country of citizenship at birth and subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, year of birth (if known), and reference.

Superior Court of the District of Columbia
The Superior Court of the District of Columbia, commonly referred to as DC Superior Court, is the trial court for the District of Columbia, in the United States. It hears cases involving criminal, civil law, family court, landlord, tenant, probate, tax, and driving violations. All appeals of Superior Court decisions go to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals though magistrate judge opinions are first appealed to a Superior Court Associate Judge.
De novo drug design
De novo drug design is a specialized approach within drug discovery, focusing on the creation of molecular structures with drug-like properties that are distinct from existing therapeutic agents. Unlike traditional drug development, which iteratively modifies known molecules, de novo methods generate novel structures from scratch, leveraging either rational or random approaches. This technique often utilizes detailed information about the target structure (typically a protein) and known binders to generate new patterns of binding.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
2012–13 LSU Tigers basketball team
The 2012–13 LSU Tigers basketball team represented Louisiana State University during the 2012–2013 college basketball season. The team's head coach is Johnny Jones, who was in his first season at LSU.  Jones previously served as the head coach at the University of North Texas. Jones played in the 1981 Final Four as a freshman at Louisiana State University, and later served 12 seasons as an assistant coach at LSU under Dale Brown where the pair returned the 1986 Final Four.  They played their home games at Pete Maravich Assembly Center as members of the Southeastern Conference.

Dale Brown (basketball)
Dale Duward Brown (born October 31, 1935) is an American former college basketball coach. He was the head coach of the LSU Tigers for 25 years, and his teams earned Final Four appearances in 1981 and 1986. Brown is also remembered as one of the most vocal critics of the NCAA, saying it "legislated against human dignity and practiced monumental hypocrisy."
Russia leather
Russia leather (Russian: юфть or yuft) is a particular form of bark-tanned cow leather. It is distinguished from other types of leather by a processing step that takes place after tanning, where birch oil is worked into the rear face of the leather. This produces a leather that is hard-wearing, flexible and resistant to water. The oil impregnation also deters insect damage. This leather was a major export good from Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries because of its high quality, its usefulness for a range of purposes, and the difficulty of replicating its manufacture elsewhere. It was an important item of trade for the Muscovy Company. In German-speaking countries, this leather was also known by the name Juchten or Juften.

Stool (seat)
A stool is a raised seat commonly supported by three or four legs, but with neither armrests nor a backrest (in early stools), and typically built to accommodate one occupant. As some of the earliest forms of seat, stools are sometimes called backless chairs despite how some modern stools have backrests. Folding stools can be collapsed into a flat, compact form typically by rotating the seat in parallel with fold-up legs.
King's Medal for Champion Shots
King's Medal for Champion Shots are a family of medals, awarded to the champions of small arms firing competitions held in several British Commonwealth countries and in several armed forces branches. The King's Medals should not be confused with the Queen's Prize, which is a rifle competition contested during the NRA Imperial Meeting at Bisley.

Notable medals in this family are:

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces (British, Dominion & Colonial Armies)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the Air Forces (British, Dominion & Colonial Air Forces)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the New Zealand Naval Forces (New Zealand Navy)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shots of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines (British Naval forces)

Queen's Medal for Champion Shot (Canadian Armed Forces)

Champion Shots Medal (Australia) (Australian Defence Force)

King's Medal for Champion Shot
The King's Medal for Champion Shot (French: Médaille du Roi pour tireur d'élite) is a Canadian medal instituted on 28 August 1991 to honour one member each of the Canadian Armed Forces (CF) Regular Force and either the CF Reserve Force or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) who obtained the highest aggregate score in stages one and two of the King's Medal Competition. It replaced its British counterpart, the Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces, after 1992. In respect of the Canadian Regular Force, the British medal could only be won by Army members, whereas the Canadian medal can be won by members of the Canadian Forces.
Södertunneln
Södertunneln, also called the Katarina Tunnel, is a tunnel from Skanstull to Slussen on Södermalm in Stockholm, inaugurated on 30 September 1933. It is a part of the Stockholm metro's green line. Södertunneln was the first urban rail tunnel in Stockholm and paved the way for the later expansion of the metro.

Skanstull
Skanstull (from skans "sconce; small fort" and tull "customs house") is an area in Södermalm in Stockholm. Skanstull connects the traffic between the inner city and the south parts of Stockholm and its suburbs. Skanstull was originally the city's southern toll station, but the toll station was removed in 1857. Skanstull served as an execution site in the 17th century.

The Skanstull metro station was opened in 1950.


59°18′28″N 18°04′33″E﻿ / ﻿59.30778°N 18.07583°E﻿ / 59.30778; 18.07583

Swedish artist Bladee was raised in the Skanstull area as a child.
Route 171 (Israel)
Route 171 is a regional east-west road in southern Israel. It is the only east-west road in the Negev Mountains. It is 33 km long. It goes from Mount Harif (Hebrew: הר חריף) junction on Highway 10 adjacent to Israel's border with Egypt to HaRuhot junction with Highway 40 about 5 km north of Mitzpe Ramon. The road passes mostly along the northern edge of Makhtesh Ramon and along the flowing path of Nahal Nitzana. In its eastern portion, it crosses HaRuhot Plain and passes by the Mitzpe Ramon Airport.

Highway 40 (Israel)
Highway 40 (Hebrew: כביש 40) is a north-south intercity road in Israel. At 302 km long, it is the second longest highway in Israel, after Highway 90. The highway runs from Kfar Saba in the center of Israel to the Arabah in the south, serving as a main connection between central Israel and Be'er Sheva.
Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift
The Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift (English: Military History Journal) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering military history. It is published by Walter de Gruyter on behalf of the Center for Military History and Social Sciences of the Bundeswehr (formerly Military History Research Office, MGFA]) in Potsdam, Germany.

It is a successor to the Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen (MGM) that was published from 1967 to 1998, considered early on to be an "important interface between MGFA, university science and interested public".

The editors-in-chief are Jörg Hillmann and Michael Epkenhans, the commander and chief scientist of the center, respectively.

Center for Military History and Social Sciences of the Bundeswehr
The Bundeswehr Centre of Military History and Social Sciences (Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr, abbreviated as ZMSBw) is a German research institution focused on military history and social sciences. Located in Potsdam, it is a part of Germany's Federal Ministry of Defence. The organisation was formed in 2013 by merging the Military History Research Office (MGFA) and the 
Bundeswehr Institute of Social Sciences and is subordinate to the Center of Leadership Culture.
Anle Township, Jiuzhaigou County
Anle Township (simplified Chinese: 安乐乡; traditional Chinese: 安樂鄉; pinyin: Ānlè Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Jiuzhaigou County in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, northern Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has 11 villages under its administration.

Jiuzhaigou County
Jiuzhaigou County (Chinese: 九寨沟县; Tibetan: གཟི་རྩ་སྡེ་དགུ་རྫོང་།; Qiang: Rrggucua) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. Formerly called Nanping County (南坪县; Nánpíng Xiàn), it was renamed in 1998 to reflect the fact that the Jiuzhaigou Valley is located within its administration. The county seat, Nanping, was created in 2013 by the merger of Yongle Town (永乐镇), Yongfeng Township (永丰乡), and Anle Township (安乐乡).

The county consists of nine villages in a valley in Sichuan Province. The main ethnic group in the county is Han, with the second being Tibetan. The county seat has an altitude of about 1,400 m (4,600 ft). It has a total area of 2,041 square miles (5,286 km2). As of 2015, the county's total population was 67,519.
Ambala–Chandigarh Expressway
Ambala Chandigarh Expressway is four-lane 35 km long, high-traffic density corridor of Ambala-Chandigarh section (km 5.735 to km 39.960 on NH-152 and 0 km to 0.871 km on NH 5) on BOT basis, was completed in 30 months at a cost of ₹2.98 billion (US$35 million) The expressway has been operational since December 2009 and was constructed by the GMR Group with assistance from the World Bank.

38 km south of Ambala at existing NH152 (Ambala-Pehowa-Narwana-Fatehabad-Sirsa), it connects with the controlled access tolled Ambala–Narnaul Expressway (Trans-Haryana Expressway).

GMR Group
GMR Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in New Delhi. The group was founded in 1978 by Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao and comprises several companies including GMR Infrastructure, GMR Energy, GMR Airports, and GMR Enterprises. Employing the public-private partnership model, the Group has implemented several infrastructure projects in India. The Group also has a global presence with infrastructure operating assets and projects in several countries including Philippines and Greece.

GMR Group owns, develops, operates, and manages airports, major energy utilities, highways, and urban infrastructure facilities. With a net asset base of nearly US$25 billion, it is one of India's largest infrastructure development companies. GMR Group is famous for operating the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Palam, Delhi.
Basketball at the 1995 European Youth Summer Olympic Days
Basketball at the 1995 European Youth Summer Olympic Days was held at the University of Bath in Bath, United Kingdom from 9 to 14 July 1995. There was no girls' competition at the 1995 edition of the Days.

1995 European Youth Summer Olympic Days
The 1995 European Youth Summer Olympic Days was the third edition of multi-sport event for European youths between the ages of 12 and 18. It was held at the University of Bath, United Kingdom from 9 to 14 July 1995. A total of ten sports were contested.
Wye Oak (band)
Wye Oak is an American indie rock duo from Baltimore composed of Andy Stack (drums, keyboards, backup vocals) and Jenn Wasner (vocals, guitars and bass). Their sound has been described as "earnest folk-influenced indie rock with touches of noise and dream pop" as well as indie folk. Wasner sings lead vocals and plays electric or acoustic guitar, while Stack plays both drums and keyboards, playing the drums with his feet and right hand, and the bass line with his left hand.

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Interstate 474
Interstate 474 (I-474) is an Interstate Highway loop route that provides a southwestern bypass around the north-central Illinois city of Peoria. I-474's parent Interstate is I-74. As the first digit of the Interstate's number is even, it follows the established convention of providing a loop around a city. I-474 is 14.88 miles (23.95 km) long. I-474 is currently the highest numbered route in the state of Illinois, but will be surpassed by I-490 when that road is completed in 2027. It is also, excluding the proposed I-274 in North Carolina, the only auxiliary route of I-74.

Interstate 490 (Illinois)
Interstate 490 (I-490), also known as the O'Hare West Bypass and Western O'Hare Beltway, is a six-mile (9.7 km) electronic toll highway and a beltway that is currently under construction near Chicago, Illinois; it will run along the west side of O'Hare International Airport. The tollway will connect I-294 (Tri-State Tollway) to a western access point to the airport. From there, it will continue northward to an extension of Illinois Route 390 (IL 390, formerly known as the Elgin-O'Hare Expressway) and I-90 (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway). The O'Hare Western Bypass is part of the Elgin–O'Hare Western Access (EOWA) project. Building the highway will affect the villages of Elk Grove Village, Wood Dale, Itasca, and Bensenville. The route will run through the 1979 American Airlines Flight 191 crash site, the deadliest aviation accident in US history.
Volynskite
Volynskite (Russian: Волынски́т), is a rare hydrothermal mineral of the sulfide class (the matildite group), that forms microscopic grains in related minerals, which in composition is a complex bismuth-silver telluride with the calculated formula AgBiTe2.

Volynskite was first discovered and identified between 1960 and 1965 by Marianna Bezsmertnaya and Lada Soboleva who observed thin sections among closely related tellurides in the territory of the Zod gold deposit.  It was named in honor of the late professor of mineralogy and head of the mineralogy department at the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, Igor Volynsky, who had died suddenly in September 1962.: 3

Galena
Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS). It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver.

Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system often showing octahedral forms. It is often associated with the minerals sphalerite, calcite and fluorite.

As a pure specimen held in the hand, under standard temperature and pressure, galena is insoluble in water and so is almost non-toxic. Handling galena under these specific conditions (such as in a museum or as part of geology instruction) poses practically no risk; however, as lead(II) sulfide is reasonably reactive in a variety of environments, it can be highly toxic if swallowed or inhaled, particularly under prolonged or repeated exposure.
Coombe, Kingston upon Thames
Coombe is a historic neighbourhood in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in south west London, England. It sits on high ground, east of Norbiton. Most of the area was part of the former Municipal Borough of Malden and Coombe before local government re-organisation in 1965. It now shares borders with the boroughs of Merton and Sutton with, to the north, the small, inter-related neighbourhoods of Kingston Hill and Kingston Vale, beyond which is Richmond Park in Richmond; and Roehampton/Putney Vale in Wandsworth. To the east are public playing fields and Wimbledon Common.

Roehampton
Roehampton is an area in southwest London, sharing its SW15 postcode with neighbouring Putney and Kingston Vale, and takes up a far western strip, running north to south, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It contains a number of large council house estates and is home to the University of Roehampton.
2007 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 2007 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  They won the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference before falling to the eventual national champion LSU Tigers in the SEC Championship Game.  The Vols capped off the season by defeating the Wisconsin Badgers in the Outback Bowl to finish with a record of 10–4.

The team was led by head coach Phillip Fulmer.  The Volunteers played their home games at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee.  The 2007 season was the last at Tennessee for four assistants on the staff.  Offensive coordinator David Cutcliffe left to be head coach at Duke, taking assistants Matt Luke and Kurt Roper with him, while wide receivers coach Trooper Taylor accepted a co-offensive coordinator's position at Oklahoma State.

Matt Luke (American football)
Matthew Barham Luke (born October 29, 1976) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the offensive line coach at Clemson University.

Luke previously served as the assistant head coach and offensive line coach at the University of Georgia. Luke was also the head coach at the University of Mississippi, amassing a 15–21 record from 2017 to 2019.
Aspen Ladd
Aspen Ladd (born March 1, 1995) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is competing in the Featherweight division of Professional Fighters League (PFL). A professional since 2015, Ladd started her professional mixed martial arts career in Invicta FC before competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in the Bantamweight division.

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
Carmen Policy
Carmen Policy (born January 26, 1943) is an American attorney and professional football executive best known for his work for the San Francisco 49ers during the 1980s and 1990s. He also led the Cleveland Browns until he sold his minority ownership stake in 2004.

Pat Bowlen
Patrick Dennis Bowlen (February 18, 1944 – June 13, 2019) was an American lawyer, executive and the majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL), winning three Super Bowls. He was inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for the class of 2019. Bowlen owned other professional sports franchises in the Colorado region. Bowlen served as the Broncos CEO from 1984 until July 2014, when he stepped down as Broncos' CEO due to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam version
Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam Version (VTV) is one among the released versions of Akilam, the scripture of Ayyavazhi. It was named after the socio-religious welfare organisation Ayya Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam, which released it.

As the Vivekanandan Version it was claimed this version was released including all accidentally as well as purposely omitted verse from all editions of the Palaramachandaran Version referring to the palm-leaf versions of Kottangadu, Swamithope, Thamaraikulam as well as Panchalankurichi versions. This version also includes various sub-sections as the other versions. This version was heavily criticised unlike any other versions by many followers and the Swamitope Pathi Dharmaghartta's for the addition and removal of various verses that are found in the Palaramachandran version. It was argued that such additions and removal was performed in more than 300 pages.

This version was first released in 1989 and the second edition in 2000.

Vivekanandan version
Vivekanandan Version is one among the release versions of Akilam. It was the only version released so far which includes the original source-text as well as the interpretations combainingly. It was named after the publication Vivekananada Pathippakam.

It was claimed that this version was released including all accidentally omitted verse from all editions of Palaramachandaran Version referring to the palm-leaf versions of Kottangadu, Swamithope, Thamaraikulam as well as Panchalankurichi versions.

The part one includes the event up to the incarnation of Vaikundar and the second section continues till the end of Dharma Yukam.
Margaret Nevinson
Margaret Wynne Nevinson (née Jones; 11 January 1858 – 8 June 1932) was a British suffrage campaigner and author. She was one of the radical activists who in 1907–8 split from established suffragist groups to form the Women's Freedom League. She was a prominent early female Justice of the Peace in London, as well as serving as a Poor Law Guardian.

National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
The National Union of Women Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), also known as the suffragists (not to be confused with the suffragettes) was an organisation founded in 1897 of women's suffrage societies around the United Kingdom. In March 1919 it was renamed the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship.
Sir Giles Brydges, 1st Baronet
Sir Giles Brydges, 1st Baronet (1573 – August 1637) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  at various times between 1621 and 1629.

Brydges was the son of the Hon. Charles Brydges of Wilton Castle, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, younger son of John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos, and his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Carne. He matriculated at  St Alban Hall, Oxford on 27 Nov 1590 aged 17. He was created a baronet on 17 May 1627.

In 1621, Brydges was elected Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury. In 1625 he was High Sheriff of Herefordshire. He was elected MP for Herefordshire in 1625 and 1628, and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

On 16 January 1620 Brydges married Mary Scudamore, daughter of Sir James Scudamore MP of Holme Lacy, Hereford. His grandson, James, succeeded as the 8th Baron Chandos in 1676.

James Scudamore (courtier)
Sir James Scudamore (also spelled Skidmore, Skidmur, Skidmuer or Scidmore; 1568–1619) was a gentleman usher at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. Born at Holme Lacy, Herefordshire, he was the eldest son of John Scudamore, Custos Rotulorum of Herefordshire and his first wife Eleanor Croft, daughter of former Lord Deputy of Ireland James Croft. He would assume that title in 1616, and remained Custos Rotulorum for two years until his own death in 1619. Scudamore was respected for his tilting skill and his embodiment of the ideals of chivalry.