hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Amazing Race 1
The Amazing Race 1 (originally broadcast under the name The Amazing Race) is the first season of the American reality competition series The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured 11 teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world. This season visited four continents and nine countries, traveling approximately 35,000 miles (56,000 km) over 13 legs. Filming took place from March 8 to April 8, 2001. Starting in New York City, racers traveled through South Africa, Zambia, France, Tunisia, Italy, India, Thailand, and China before returning to the United States, traveling through Alaska, and finishing in New York City. The season debuted on CBS on September 5, 2001, and concluded on December 13, 2001.

Lawyers and best friends Rob Frisbee and Brennan Swain were the winners, while separated parents Frank and Margarita Mesa finished in second place, and life partners Joe Baldassare and Bill Bartek finished in third place.

Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls (Lozi: Mosi-oa-Tunya, "Thundering Smoke/Smoke that Rises"; Tonga: Shungu Namutitima, "Boiling Water") is a waterfall on the Zambezi River, located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is one of the world's largest waterfalls, with a width of 1,708 m (5,604 ft). The region around it has a high degree of biodiversity in both plants and animals.

Archaeology and oral history describe a long record of African knowledge of the site. Although known to some European geographers before the 19th century, Scottish missionary David Livingstone identified the falls in 1855, naming them Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria. Since the mid-20th century, the site has been a major tourist destination. Zambia and Zimbabwe both have national parks and tourism infrastructure at the site. Research in the late 2010s found that precipitation variability due to climate change is likely to alter the character of the falls.
Stephen Resnick
Stephen Alvin Resnick (/ˈrɛznɪk/; October 24, 1938 – January 2, 2013) was an American Marxist economist. He was well known for his work (much of it written together with Richard D. Wolff) on Marxian economics, economic methodology, and class analysis. His work, along with that of Wolff, is especially associated with a post-Althusserian perspective on political economy.

J. K. Gibson-Graham
J. K. Gibson-Graham is a pen name shared by feminist economic geographers Julie Graham and Katherine Gibson. The two professors' landmark first book The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It) was first published in 1996, followed by A Postcapitalist Politics in 2006. The two scholars also founded The Community Economies Research Network (CERN) and the Community Economies Collective (CEC), "international collaborative networks of researchers who share an interest in theorizing, discussing, representing and ultimately enacting new visions of economy."

Julie Graham died on April 4, 2010 of complications from cancer. Since then, Gibson has published some texts under their joint pen name—for instance, as co-editor of The Handbook of Diverse Economies (Gibson-Graham and Dombroski 2020). She has, since Graham’s passing, mostly published under her own name, Katherine Gibson. Gibson is currently professor at the Institute of Culture and Society, University of Western Sydney.
Deh-e Bala, Qaleh Ganj
Deh-e Bala (Persian: ده بالا, also Romanized as Deh-e Bālā and Deh Bālā) is a village in Rameshk Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 420, in 105 families.

Rameshk Rural District
Rameshk Rural District (Persian: دهستان رمشك) is in Chah Dadkhoda District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kangaru. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rameshk, now a city.
1972 Republican Party presidential primaries
From March 7 to June 6, 1972, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1972 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Richard Nixon was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1972 Republican National Convention held from August 21 to August 23, 1972, in Miami, Florida.

Détente
Détente (/deɪˈtɑːnt/ ⓘ day-TAHNT, also UK: /ˈdeɪtɒnt/ DAY-tont; French for 'relaxation', French pronunciation: [detɑ̃t]) is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication. The diplomacy term originates from around 1912, when France and Germany tried unsuccessfully to reduce tensions.

The term is often used to refer to a period of general easing of geopolitical tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War. Détente began in 1969 as a core element of the foreign policy of U.S. president Richard Nixon. In an effort to avoid an escalation of conflict with the Eastern Bloc, the Nixon administration promoted greater dialogue with the Soviet government in order to facilitate negotiations over arms control and other bilateral agreements. Détente was known in Russian as разрядка (razryadka), loosely meaning "relaxation of tension".
Mattamy Homes
Mattamy Homes is a Canadian home builder, founded in Toronto by Peter Gilgan in 1978. One of the largest privately owned builders in North America, Mattamy Homes is Canada's largest residential home builder and top-25 builder in the United States.

The company's name is a portmanteau of the names of Gilgan's two oldest children, Matt and Amy.

North Port, Florida
North Port is a city in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The population was 74,793 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

It was originally developed by General Development Corporation (GDC) as the northern Sarasota County portion of its Port Charlotte development, the other portion located in the adjacent Charlotte County. GDC dubbed the city, "North Port Charlotte", and it was incorporated under that name through a special act of the Florida Legislature on June 18, 1959.  By referendum in 1974, the city's residents approved a change to its name as "North Port", dropping "Charlotte" from its name to proclaim the city as a separate identity. It is home to the Little Salt Spring, an archaeological and paleontological site owned by the University of Miami.

North Port includes Wellen Park, a master-planned community of over 7,000 acres with shopping, restaurants, distinct neighborhoods, and a vibrant downtown.
Medieval fortification
Medieval fortification refers to military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, during the period roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire until the Renaissance. During this millennium, fortifications changed warfare and in turn were modified to suit new tactics, weapons, and siege techniques.

Ballista
The ballista (Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα ballistra and that from βάλλω ballō, "throw"), plural ballistae or ballistas, sometimes called bolt thrower, was an ancient projectile weapon that launched either bolts or stones at a distant target.

Developed from earlier Greek weapons, it relied upon different mechanics, using two levers with torsion springs instead of a tension prod (the bow part of a modern crossbow). The springs consisted of several loops of twisted skeins. Early versions projected heavy darts or spherical stone projectiles of various sizes for siege warfare. It developed into a smaller precision weapon, the scorpio, and possibly the polybolos.
The All Ireland Talent Show series 2
The second series of The All Ireland Talent Show was announced on 10 August 2009. The winner was Chloe Coyle from Castlederg, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The second season was an extended one with more shows, seventeen in total.

It was scheduled to avoid competition with UK talent show The X Factor which airs on competing channels UTV and TV3.

Shane Lynch
Shane Eamon Mark Stephen Lynch (born 3 July 1976) is an Irish singer, best known as a current member of Boyzone. He has also taken part in auto racing, participated in reality shows such as Celebrity Big Brother in 2018 and appeared as a judge on The All Ireland Talent Show.
2014 Oklahoma elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Oklahoma on November 4, 2014. All of Oklahoma's executive officers were up for election, as well as the state's five seats in the United States House of Representatives and both of the state's United States Senate seats. Primary elections were held on June 24, 2014, and primary runoffs were held on August 26, 2014.

2010 Oklahoma elections
The 2010 Oklahoma elections were held on November 2, 2010. The primary election was held on July 27. The runoff primary election was held August 24.

The Republican Party swept every statewide election and expanded its majorities in both state legislative chambers. An extremely socially conservative state, Oklahoma has not voted Democratic in a presidential election since 1964 but remained reliably Democratic at the state level well into the 2000s. This election marked a new and decisive alignment in the state's partisanship at all levels of government, with the GOP continuing to make gains in almost every election since.
Tamar (daughter of David IV)
Tamar (Georgian: თამარი) (died after 1161) was a daughter of David IV, King of Georgia, and Queen consort of Shirvan as the wife of Shirvanshah Manuchihr III, whom she married c. 1112. She became a nun at the monastery of Tigva in Georgia in widowhood.

Cyril Toumanoff
Cyril Leo Toumanoff (Georgian: კირილ თუმანოვი; Russian: Кирилл Львович Туманов; 10 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Georgian-American historian, and academic genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Byzantine Empire. Born in the Russian Empire into a princely family, Toumanoff escaped to the United States after the Russian Revolution. His works have significantly influenced the Western scholarship of the medieval Caucasus.
HITS algorithm
Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS; also known as hubs and authorities) is a link analysis algorithm that rates Web pages, developed by Jon Kleinberg. The idea behind Hubs and Authorities stemmed from a particular insight into the creation of web pages when the Internet was originally forming; that is, certain web pages, known as hubs, served as large directories that were not actually authoritative in the information that they held, but were used as compilations of a broad catalog of information that led users direct to other authoritative pages. In other words, a good hub represents a page that pointed to many other pages, while a good authority represents a page that is linked by many different hubs.

The scheme therefore assigns two scores for each page: its authority, which estimates the value of the content of the page, and its hub value, which estimates the value of its links to other pages.

Link analysis
In network theory, link analysis is a data-analysis technique used to evaluate relationships between nodes. Relationships may be identified among various types of nodes, including organizations, people and transactions. Link analysis has been used for investigation of criminal activity (fraud, counterterrorism, and intelligence), computer security analysis, search engine optimization, market research, medical research, and art.
Discovery and development of angiotensin receptor blockers
The angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), also called angiotensin (AT1) receptor antagonists or sartans, are a group of antihypertensive drugs that act by blocking the effects of the hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) in the body, thereby lowering blood pressure. Their structure is similar to Ang II and they bind to Ang II receptors as inhibitors, e.g., [T24 from Rhys Healthcare].

ARBs are widely used drugs in the clinical setting today, their main indications being mild to moderate hypertension, chronic heart failure, secondary stroke prevention and diabetic nephropathy.

The discovery and development of ARBs is a demonstrative example of modern rational drug design and how design can be used to gain further knowledge of physiological systems, in this case, the characterization of the subtypes of Ang II receptors.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Kim Young-hee (comedian)
Kim Young-hee (Korean: 김영희; born August 23, 1983) is a South Korean comedian, managed under the entertainment agency A9 Media. She gained notoriety in 2010 with her role in the Gag Concert skit "Two Minute Debate", and won the best new female comedian award at that year's KBS Entertainment Awards. Kim was a former member of Celeb Five (Korean: 셀럽파이브), a dance group formed by Kim Shin-young and produced by CONTENTS LAB VIVO, a contents company owned by Song Eun-i.

Gag Concert
Gag Concert (Korean: 개그콘서트) is a South Korean sketch-comedy television show more commonly known as Gag Con (개콘). It began airing on 4 September 1999 and aired its last episode on 26 June 2020, making it South Korea's longest-running comedy show. It started airing again on November 12, 2023, after 3 years and 4 months of absence.

The show was recorded on Wednesdays and aired on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 pm. It now airs on Sundays at 10:25 pm. The show airs with English subtitles two weeks after it airs on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 pm.
Hollandoise
Hollandoise, or alternatively Hollandaise, (1775–1782) was a grey British Thoroughbred mare that won the 1778 St. Leger Stakes, the first horse to win the event under its formal title. Raced sporadically from 1778 to 1782, Hollandoise won eight races in 14 starts. She died suddenly shortly after her last race in 1782 before producing any offspring.

Godolphin Arabian
The Godolphin Arabian (c. 1724–1753), also known as the Godolphin Barb, was an Arabian horse who was one of three stallions that founded the modern Thoroughbred (the others were the Darley Arabian and the Byerley Turk). He was named after his best-known owner, Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin.
Committee on the Present Danger
The Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) is the name used by a succession of American anti-communist foreign policy interest groups. Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019—it has influenced foreign policy since the administration of Harry S. Truman. Its first iteration disbanded as its leading members joined the Dwight Eisenhower administration, leading for it to be reformed in 1976 to counter the Soviet Union during the cold war. This iteration achieved notable success during the Reagan administration. The third iteration was formed by veterans of the Cold War in 2004 in support of the war on terror. The fourth iteration, the Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC) returned the group to its anti-communist roots with a focus on the threat posed to the United States by the Chinese Communist Party.

Richard V. Allen
Richard Vincent Allen (January 1, 1936 – November 16, 2024) was United States National Security Advisor under President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1982. In 1977, prior to Reagan's presidential election in November 1980, he served as Reagan's chief foreign policy advisor. Afterwards, he became a fellow at the Hoover Institution. He was a member of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee.
Carl Gröpler
Franz Friedrich Carl Gröpler (22 February 1868, Magdeburg – 30 January 1946, Magdeburg) was Royal Prussian executioner (German: Scharfrichter) from 1906 to 1937. Responsible for carrying out capital punishment in the Prussian provinces, he executed at least 144 people, primarily by beheading with an axe, but also with guillotines. Gröpler was one of the most famous executioners in Germany.

Scharfrichter
The term Scharfrichter (German for executioner, literally: "sharp judge") refers specifically to a tradition of executioners in the German states. Using a sword of execution, they had the responsibility of actually executing prisoners; his assistant, the "Löwe" (lion), would carry out tasks such as forcibly conveying prisoners to the presence of a judge (while roaring, hence the name), "rubbish clearance", burying unwanted bodies, and carrying out brandings. The Scharfrichter was a well-known figure nicknamed the "Mate of Death" and instantly recognizable in their traditional black frock coat and silk top hat.

The word "Scharfrichter" is composed of the words "scharf" (sharp/edged), and "Richter" (judge), because he had to do justice (richten) with the sword.
Tammy (doll)
Tammy is a 12" fashion doll created by the Ideal Toy Company that debuted at the 1962 International Toy Fair. Advertised as "The Doll You Love to Dress", Tammy was portrayed as a young American teenager, more "girl next door" than the cosmopolitan image of Mattel's Barbie, or American Character Doll Company's Tressy.

American Character Doll Company
The American Character Doll Company was an American toy company specializing in dolls. Their most popular dolls included "Tiny Tears," "Tressy," "Butterball Doll", "Sweet Sue," and "Toodles." Founded in 1919, the company's fortunes peaked in the mid-20th century, as they sold millions of dolls exclusively to retailers and mail-order houses such as Sears and Montgomery Ward. The company was the first to produce mass-marketed rubber dolls in the United States. American Character Dolls went bankrupt in 1968, with their assets acquired by the Ideal Toy Company.
Manavalakurichi
Manavalakurichi is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is hardly 60 km from Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. Tamil and Malayalam are the common languages of people living here.

Manavalakurichi has an average elevation of 0 metres (0 ft)).

Colachel
Colachel (Malayalam: Kulachal, IPA: [kuɭɐt͡ʃːɐl]) is a Municipality in the far south of India, located in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. It is a natural harbor on the Malabar Coast, located 20 km northwest of Kanyakumari (Cape Comorin), the southernmost tip of India. As of 2011, the municipality had a population of 23,227 and a metropolitan population of 47,007.
On Crimes and Punishments
On Crimes and Punishments (Italian: Dei delitti e delle pene [dei deˈlitti e ddelle ˈpeːne]) is a treatise written by Cesare Beccaria in 1764.

The treatise condemned torture and the death penalty and was a founding work in the field of penology.

Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subjects concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions. A monograph is a treatise on a specialized topic.
Holiday Inn Beirut
The Holiday Inn Beirut is a ruined high rise hotel in Beirut, Lebanon on Omar Daouk Street in the central Minet el Hosn neighborhood of the north-western corner of the downtown district of Beirut overlooking the Corniche seafront area on the Mediterranean Sea. The Holiday Inn operated in full-fledged service for less than a year before the Lebanese Civil War broke out in 1975.

Holiday Inn
Holiday Inn by IHG is an American chain of hotels based in Atlanta, Georgia and a brand of IHG Hotels & Resorts. The chain was founded in 1952 by Kemmons Wilson (1913–2003), who opened the first location in Memphis, Tennessee. The chain was a division of Bass Brewery from 1988 to 2000, Six Continents from 2000 to 2003, and IHG Hotels & Resorts since 2003. It operates hotels under the names Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Holiday Inn Club Vacations, and Holiday Inn Resorts. As of 2018, Holiday Inn has hotels at over 1,100 locations.
The Champeen
The Champeen is the seventh Our Gang short subject comedy to be released. The Our Gang series (later known as "The Little Rascals") was created by Hal Roach in 1922, and continued production until 1944.

Sunshine Sammy Morrison
Ernest Fredric Morrison (December 20, 1912 – July 24, 1989) was an American child actor, comedian, vaudevillian, and dancer who also performed under the stage-name Sunshine Sammy Morrison. He was the only black member of the East Side Kids and was an original performer in Our Gang, a 1920s silent film franchise.
Sibalom River
The Sibalom River is the longest river in the province of Antique in Panay island Philippines. With a total length of 74.5 kilometres (46.3 mi) and a drainage basin covering 682 square kilometres (263 sq mi), it is the largest river system in Antique and fourth longest in Panay after the Panay River, Jalaur River, and Aklan River. It is located in Sibalom and San Remigio. Along with its main tributaries the Mao-it River and Tipulu-an River, it forms the 5,511.47-hectare (13,619.1-acre) Tipulu-an and Mao-it River Watershed Forest Reserve (now known as Sibalom Natural Park) which was proclaimed a natural park on April 23, 2000.

The Sibalom River has four main tributaries by length: the Tipulu-an River 33 km, Maninila River 31 km, Mao-it River 15.8 km and Cansilayan River 12.5 km. The river's watershed is considered one of the last remaining lowland rainforests on Panay.

Panay River
The Panay River (known as Pan-ay River) is the longest river on Panay Island in the Philippines, with a total length of approximately 152 kilometres (94 mi) and a drainage basin area of 2,203.76 square kilometres (850.88 sq mi). It drains almost the entire province of Capiz and northern portion of Iloilo province.

The source of the Panay River is on the slopes of Mount Igabon–Mount Angas Mountain Range. Starting in Tapaz, it runs southward and changing its direction toward east-northeast to Dumalag and Cuartero, then traversing north through the municipalities of Dao and Panitan. In Panay the river splits, with the primary branch emptying into the Sibuyan Sea at Roxas City.
Basudeb Acharia
Basudeb Acharia (11 July 1942 – 13 November 2023) was an Indian Bengali-Tamil politician and a leader of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) political party. His ancestors were originally from Present-day Tamil Nadu, who settled in Bengal in 16th century. He considered himself to be a Bengali.

Centre of Indian Trade Unions
The Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) is a National trade union in India. It is associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist). It has presence mostly in the Indian state of Tripura, West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

CITU has an estimated membership of 6,200,000 in 2023.

Tapan Kumar Sen is the General Secretary and K. Hemalata is the president of CITU. Hemalata was the first woman president of CITU, who was elected after A. K. Padmanabhan. It runs a monthly organ named WORKING CLASS.

CITU is affiliated to the World Federation of Trade Unions. At present the multiple industrial federations are functioning at the national level with CITU. .

It is also affiliated with AIITEU, workers union for IT/ITES employees in India.