hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Gardener (2012 film)
The Gardener (Persian: باغبان,  Bāghbān) is a documentary film by Mohsen Makhmalbaf. It had its Asian premiere at Busan International Film Festival, its European premiere at Rotterdam International Film Festival, and North American premiere at the Vancouver International Film Festival. It is the first film in decades to be made by an Iranian filmmaker in Israel. The film has been shown in more than 20 film festivals and won the Best Documentary award from Beirut International Film Festival and the special Maverick Award at the Motovun Film Festival in Croatia. The film was selected as "Critic's Pick of the Week" by New York Film Critics Circle, "Best of the Fest" at Busan Film Festival by The Hollywood Reporter, and "Top Ten Films" at Mumbai Film Festival by Times of India, and its script was added to the Library of Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Terraces (Baháʼí)
The Baháʼí Terraces, or the Hanging Gardens of Haifa, are garden terraces on Mount Carmel in Haifa, and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Israel. Completed in 2001, there are 19 terraces and more than 1,500 steps ascending the mountain. The central terrace has the Shrine of the Báb, one of the main religious sites of the Baháʼí Faith. The architect was Fariborz Sahba from Iran, and the structural engineers were Karban and Co. from Haifa.

The terraces are part of a complex of Baháʼí holy places in Haifa, Acre, and western Galilee that were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2008.

The gardens rest in the neighborhoods of Wadi Nisnas and Hadar HaCarmel.
Mohamed Hashi Lihle
Mohamed Hashi Dirie (Somali: Maxamed Xaashi Diiriye Lixle), commonly known as Lihle (Somali: Lixle) was a Somali military leader, colonel of the Somali National Army and later the commander of the military wing of the Somali National Movement. He belonged to the Farah Mohamed branch of the Musa Abdallah subclan of the Habr Yunis.

Hassan Adan Wadadid
Hassan Adan Wadadid was a Somali politician and diplomat. He was the Somali Republic ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Pakistan during the 1960s. He was one of the founders of the Somali National Movement and served as the movement's first Vice-Chairman. Hassan belonged to 	
the Rer Ainanshe sub-division of the Habr Yunis Garhajis clan.
Quantum error correction
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising from decoherence and other sources of quantum noise. QEC schemes that employ codewords stabilized by a set of commuting operators are known as stabilizer codes, and the corresponding codewords are referred to as quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs).

Conceptually, to use a quantum error-correcting code, one can append ancilla qubits to qubits that need protection, and apply a unitary encoding circuit to rotate the global state into a subspace of a larger Hilbert space. This highly entangled, encoded state corrects for local noisy errors. A quantum error-correcting code makes quantum computation and quantum communication practical by providing a way for a sender and receiver to simulate a noiseless qubit channel given a noisy qubit channel whose noise conforms to a particular error model.

Repetition code
In coding theory, the repetition code is one of the most basic linear error-correcting codes. In order to transmit a message over a noisy channel that may corrupt the transmission in a few places, the idea of the repetition code is to just repeat the message several times. The hope is that the channel corrupts only a minority of these repetitions. This way the receiver will notice that a transmission error occurred since the received data stream is not the repetition of a single message, and moreover, the receiver can recover the original message by looking at the received message in the data stream that occurs most often.

Because of the bad error correcting performance coupled with the low code rate (ratio between useful information symbols and actual transmitted symbols), other error correction codes are preferred in most cases. The chief attraction of the repetition code is the ease of implementation.
Gasket (sailing)
In sailing, a gasket is a sail tie (a rope that is used to fasten down a furled sail) that is left permanently in position. This is to give ease of use in situations when working in an exposed position, such as on the yard of a square sail, or on a bowsprit. : 100, 218  Some gaskets are made of sennit instead of rope.

Square rig
Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which a sailing vessel's primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars that are perpendicular (or square) to the median plane of the keel and masts of the vessel. These spars are called yards and their tips, outside the lifts, are called the yardarms. A ship mainly rigged so is called a square-rigger.

In "Jackspeak" (Royal Navy slang), it also refers to the dress uniform of junior ratings.
Louis Emmanuel Rey
Louis Emmanuel Rey (born 22 September 1768, Grenoble – died 18 June 1846, Paris) was a French soldier. He joined the French royal army and won rapid promotion to general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. He continued to serve the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. He fought in the Peninsular War and led a tenacious defense of San Sebastián, Spain in 1813. His is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
The following is a list of the 660 names inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Most of them represent generals who served during the French First Republic (1792–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). Underlined names signify those killed in action. Additionally, the names of specific armies are listed, grouped together by the four compass facades of the arch: North (northern France, lower Rhine, Netherlands), East (Central Europe, Switzerland, Italy), South (Mediterranean Europe, Egypt, southern France) and West (Pyrenees, western France, notable units).

Related list: Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe.

Northern pillar  Armies of northern France, the lower Rhine and the Netherlands.

Eastern pillar  Armies of Central Europe, Switzerland and Italy.

Southern pillar  Armies of Mediterranean Europe, Egypt and southern France.

Western pillar  Armies of the Pyrenees, western France and notable units.
Earl of Wilmington
Earl of Wilmington was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1730 for the politician Spencer Compton, 1st Baron Wilmington, who later served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1742 to 1743, during the reign of George II. He had already been created Baron Wilmington in 1728 and was made Viscount Pevensey at the same time as he was given the earldom. Compton was the third son of James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton. The titles became extinct on his death in 1743, as he left no male heirs.

The Wilmington title was revived in 1812 when his great-great-nephew Charles Compton, 9th Earl of Northampton, was made Baron Wilmington, Earl Compton and Marquess of Northampton.

The American settlements of Wilmington, Massachusetts, Wilmington, Delaware; Wilmington, Vermont; and Wilmington, North Carolina were named for Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington.

Wilmington, Vermont
Wilmington is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,255 at the 2020 census. The town was chartered in 1751 by Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire. It was named in honor of Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington.
Iredell P. Vaughn House
The Iredell P. Vaughn House, also known as the Vaughn-Morrow House, is a historic house in Eutaw, Alabama, United States.  The one-story wood-frame house was built c. 1841.  It generally conforms to the Creole cottage-type house plan, with neoclassical stylistic elements.  A one-story porch spans the full width of the east and south facades.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Antebellum Homes in Eutaw Thematic Resource on April 2, 1982.  It currently serves as the headquarters of the Greene County Historical Society.

Eutaw, Alabama
Eutaw (/ˈjuːtɔː/ YOO-taw) is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 2,937. The city was named in honor of the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last engagement of the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas.
Jonathan Ott
Jonathan Ott (January 6, 1949 – July 5, 2025) was an American ethnobotanist, writer, translator, publisher, natural products chemist and botanical researcher of psychoactive substances and their cultural and historical use, helped coin the term entheogen, and confirmed the psychoactivity of bufotenin.

Albert Hofmann
Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906 – 29 April 2008) was a Swiss chemist known for being the first to synthesize, ingest, and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann's team also isolated, named and synthesized the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Hofmann discovered the structure of chitin in 1929. He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books, including LSD: Mein Sorgenkind (LSD: My Problem Child). In 2007, he shared first place with Tim Berners-Lee on a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses published by The Daily Telegraph.
Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia)
The Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgian: ოქროს საწმისის ორდენი, ok'ros sats'misis ordeni) is an honor awarded by the government of Georgia. It was established in 1998 and comes next in rank to the Order of Saint Nicholas. The Order is named after the mythical Golden Fleece, which was held in Colchis in what is now western Georgia.

Order of Saint Nicholas (Georgia)
The Order of Saint Nicholas (Georgian: წმინდა ნიკოლოზის ორდენი, romanized: ts'minda nik'olozis ordeni) is an honor awarded by the President of Georgia . Established on July 31, 2009, in accordance with parliamentary decree number 1553, the Order of St. Nicholas is awarded to individuals for outstanding charitable or social activities in free service to the country and the people.
Bukowce, Łódź Voivodeship
Bukowce (Polish pronunciation: [buˈkɔft͡sɛ]) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pątnów, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Pątnów, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pątnów, Łódź Voivodeship
Pątnów [ˈpɔntnuf] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pątnów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Wieluń and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Taxonomy of the Cactaceae
In 1984, the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study set up a working party, now called the International Cactaceae Systematics Group, to produce a consensus classification of the cactus family, down to the level of genus. Their classification has been used as the basis for systems published since the mid-1990s. Treatments in the 21st century have generally divided the family into around 125–130 genera and 1,400–1,500 species, which are then arranged in a number of  tribes and subfamilies. However, subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that a very high proportion of the higher taxa (genera, tribes and subfamilies) are not monophyletic, i.e. they do not contain all of the descendants of a common ancestor. As of August 2023, the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.

Calymmanthium
Calymmanthium is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is Calymmanthium substerile (also known as C. fertile). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. The young flowers of Calymmanthium are completely encased within the plant's pedicel until it is fully developed, at which time the growing yellow flower swells until it cracks the pedicel open, allowing pollinators access. The plant has an upright trunk, but many of the branches sprawl on the ground.

Diploperianthium F.Ritter (nom. inval.) has been brought into synonymy with this genus.
The Planet Smashers
The Planet Smashers are a Canadian ska punk band from Montreal. Since their formation in 1993, they have been a staple of the Montreal music scene. During the third wave of ska, they performed nationally and later internationally, with tours in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Founding member Matt Collyer helped establish Stomp Records in 1994, which featured many ska and ska punk bands, including Montreal's The Kingpins, The Flatliners, The Know How, and Bedouin Soundclash. Their music has been used in the Japanese flash series Catman, Canadian show Radio Free Roscoe, and MTV's Undergrads (shown on Teletoon in Canada). Lyrics by The Planet Smashers often deal with topics such as love, partying and good times, and sometimes use tongue-in-cheek innuendo.

The Flatliners
The Flatliners are a Canadian punk rock band from Richmond Hill, Ontario. Since their formation in 2002, the band has been a growing influence in the Toronto punk/ska movement, with consistently well-received albums and live shows.
Scottish Jamaicans
Scottish Jamaicans are Jamaicans of Scottish descent. Scottish Jamaicans include those of European, mixed African, and Asian ancestry with Scottish ancestors and date back to the earliest period of post-Spanish European colonisation.

An early influx of Scots came in 1656 when Oliver Cromwell deported 1200 prisoners of war. There was also a later migration at the turn of the 18th century, after the failed Darien colony in Panama. In 1707, Scots gained access to England's preexisting colonies when the Act of Union took place.

Jamaicans
Jamaicans are the citizens of Jamaica and their descendants in the Jamaican diaspora. The vast majority of Jamaicans are of Sub-Saharan African descent, with minorities of Europeans, Indians, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and others of mixed ancestry. The bulk of the Jamaican diaspora resides in other Anglophone countries, namely Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. Jamaican populations are also prominent in other Caribbean countries, territories and Commonwealth realms, where in the Cayman Islands, born Jamaicans, as well as Caymanians of Jamaican origin, make up 26.8% of the population.
Outside of Anglophone countries, the largest Jamaican diaspora community lives in Central America, where Jamaicans make up a significant percentage of the population.
Style (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings. In this context, social meanings can include group membership, personal attributes, or beliefs. Linguistic variation is at the heart of the concept of linguistic style—without variation, there is no basis for distinguishing social meanings. Variation can occur syntactically, lexically, and phonologically.

Many approaches to interpreting and defining style incorporate the concepts of indexicality, indexical order, stance-taking, and linguistic ideology. A style is not a fixed attribute of a speaker. Rather, a speaker may use different styles depending on context. Additionally, speakers often incorporate elements of multiple styles into their speech, either consciously or subconsciously, thereby creating a new style.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
2002 Betty Barclay Cup
The 2002 Betty Barclay Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, Germany and was part of Tier II of the 2002 WTA Tour. It was the 18th and last edition of the tournament and was held from 30 April until 5 May 2002. Second-seeded Kim Clijsters won the singles title and earned $93,000 first-prize money.

2002 WTA Tour
The 2002 Sanex WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2002 tennis season. The WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Tier I-V Events, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF) and the year-end championships.

New tournaments created for the 2002 season included the Proximus Diamond Games in Antwerp, Belgium; a new green clay event, the Sarasota Clay Court Classic, in Sarasota, U.S.; and the Nordea Nordic Light Open held in Espoo, Finland. Another new tournament was created to be held in Aarhus, Denmark, but was later cancelled. Also, the French Community Championships moved cities from Knokke-Heist to Brussels, and the Kroger St. Jude Championship was moved from Oklahoma City, U.S. to a new location in Memphis.
Asp (snake)
Asp is the modern anglicisation of the word "aspis", which in antiquity referred to any one of several venomous snake species found in the Nile region. The specific epithet, aspis, is a Greek word that means "viper". It is believed that aspis referred to what is now known as the Egyptian cobra.

Vipera aspis
Vipera aspis is a viper species found in southwestern Europe. 
Its common names include asp, asp viper, European asp, and aspic viper, among others. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Bites from this species can be more severe than from the European adder, V. berus; not only can they be very painful, but approximately 4% of all untreated bites are fatal. The specific epithet, aspis, is a Greek word that means "viper." Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.
HYDRA Game Development Kit
The HYDRA Game Development Kit launched in September 2006, and was developed by André LaMothe who designed the prior XGameStation series of consoles. Like the XGameStation, HYDRA is an open system, allowing anyone to create games for it. However, while still designed to teach electronics and programming, the system places greater focus on homebrew games. Compared to the prior XGameStation consoles, the HYDRA uses a more complex and powerful CPU - the then recently released Parallax Propeller processing unit, which has eight 32 bit RISC CPUs called cogs with 32 KB built in RAM and 32 KB built in ROM.

Game development kit
Game development kits (GDK) are specialized hardware and software used to create commercial video games for game consoles. They may be partnered with game development tools, special game engine licenses, and other middleware to aid video game development. GDKs are typically not available to the public, and require game developers to enter an agreement, partnership, or program with the hardware manufacturer to gain access to the hardware. As console generations pass, development kits often get sold through websites like eBay without repercussions. This is often because the console manufacturers discontinue certain development programs as time passes.
MS 1455.0+2232 BCG
MS 1455.0+2232 BCG (short for MS 1455.0+2232 Brightest Cluster Galaxy), is a massive type-cD galaxy located in the constellation of Boötes. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.257 and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source by astronomers in April 1998. It is the brightest cluster galaxy of the galaxy cluster MS 1455.0+2232.

Boötes
Boötes (/boʊˈoʊtiːz/ boh-OH-teez) is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from Latin: Boōtēs, which comes from Ancient Greek: Βοώτης, romanized: Boṓtēs 'herdsman' or 'plowman' (literally, 'ox-driver'; from βοῦς boûs 'cow').

One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant Arcturus. Epsilon Boötis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.
Dexterity (video game)
Dexterity, known as Funny Field (ファニーフィールド) in Japan, is a puzzle video game released by SNK for the Game Boy in 1990. The game consists of a square-shaped floor covered in seven rows and eight columns of tiles (56 tiles in total). The goal of the game is to flip all of the light tiles into dark tiles. There are several enemies as the level advances. The game has a total of 30 rounds.

Puzzle
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together (or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to find the solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology.

Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.
David Fanning (loyalist)
David Fanning (c. 1755 – 14 March 1825) was a Loyalist leader in the American Revolutionary War in North and South Carolina.  Fanning participated in approximately 36 minor engagements and skirmishes, and in 1781, captured the Governor of North Carolina, Thomas Burke, from the temporary capital at Hillsborough.  Additionally, Fanning was captured by Patriot forces 14 times throughout the war, each time escaping or receiving a pardon.  After the British defeat in the war, Fanning fled to what is now Canada, where he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1791 to 1801 representing Kings County.  After being convicted of rape in 1801, Fanning was expelled from New Brunswick, and settled in Nova Scotia, where he lived the remainder of his life.

Hillsborough, North Carolina
The town of Hillsborough is the county seat of Orange County, North Carolina, United States, and is located along the Eno River. The population was 9,660 as of the 2020 census.

Its name was unofficially shortened to "Hillsboro" during the 19th century. In the late 1960s, residents voted to change the name back to its original, historic spelling.
Big Town Mall
Big Town Mall was a shopping mall located in the Dallas suburb of Mesquite, Texas. Built in 1959, it was the first enclosed shopping mall in the Southwest. Its last anchor tenant (Montgomery Ward) closed in March 2001, and it was demolished in 2006.

Sanger Harris
Sanger Harris (previously styled as Sanger-Harris) was a department store chain based in Dallas, Texas. The chain was owned by department store conglomerate Federated Department Stores and was formed from the 1961 merger of two Dallas-based chains, Sanger Brothers and A. Harris and Co., both dating back to the 19th century.

At its height, the chain owned 20 stores, most in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex with some additional stores in Oklahoma and Arizona. In 1987, Federated merged Sanger Harris into its Houston-based Foley's chain, which itself would be merged into Macy's in 2006. Most former Sanger Harris stores have been demolished or remodeled.