hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taoranting Subdistrict
Taoranting Subdistrict (Chinese: 陶然亭街道; pinyin: Táorántíng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the southeast part of Xicheng District, Beijing, China. As of 2020, its total population is 42,231.

This subdistrict got its name from the Taoranting Park (Chinese: 陶然亭公园; lit. 'Leisure Pavilion Park') that is located in the subdistrict.

Xicheng, Beijing
Xicheng (Chinese: 西城区; pinyin: Xīchéng Qū; lit. 'West City District') is a district of the city of Beijing. Its 32 square kilometers (12 sq mi) cover the western half of the old city (largely inside the 2nd Ring Road; the eastern half is Dongcheng District), and has 1,106,214 inhabitants (2020 census). Its postal code is 100032. Xicheng is subdivided into 15 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing. The former Xuanwu District was merged into Xicheng in July 2010.

The Xidan commercial district, Beijing Financial Street, Beihai Park, Jingshan Park, Shichahai, and Zhongnanhai are all within its jurisdiction. The popular Houhai bar area is also in Xicheng Precinct.  Before the 1911 Revolution, most royalty and aristocrats resided in the precinct. The oldest Catholic church in Beijing, the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is located in Xicheng.
Adonis Georgiadis
Spyridon-Adonis Georgiadis (Greek: Σπυρίδων-Άδωνις Γεωργιάδης; born 6 November 1972), commonly known as Adonis Georgiadis, is a Greek politician, author, publisher and former telemarketer. Often described as being on the right wing of the political spectrum, he currently serves as Vice President of New Democracy and Minister for Health in the Second Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis.

He previously served in the same cabinet as Minister for Labour and Social Security (2023–2024), Minister for Development and Investment in the First Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis (2019–2023), Minister for Health in the Cabinet of Antonis Samaras (2013–2014) and Deputy Minister for Development, Competitiveness and Shipping in the Cabinet of Lucas Papademos (2011–2012).

2015–16 New Democracy leadership election
The 2015–16 New Democracy leadership election refers to the two-round election to determine the next president of New Democracy, after the resignation of Antonis Samaras on 5 July 2015. The first round was held on 20 December 2015 and the second round was held on 10 January 2016. Kyriakos Mitsotakis was elected as the new president.
Tres de Mayo, Paraguay
Tres de Mayo  is a municipality of Paraguay located in the outskirts of Caazapá. Formerly it was part of the district of Yuty, but in 2012 it was elevated to the category of municipality. It has a total area of 743,25 km2 and a population of 17,928 inhabitants in 2016.

Caazapá
Caazapá (Spanish pronunciation: [ka(a)saˈpa]) is a city in Paraguay, founded in 1607 by Friar Luis de Bolaños. It is located in the Caazapá District and is the capital of the Caazapá Department. There are five neighborhoods called "Barrios" in the city: The main one is called the Barrio San Pablo, and the other 4 are Barrio Santa Teresita, Barrio San Blás, Barrio San Antonio, and Barrio San Roque-within which is the original Chapel, built by Franciscans during the Spanish rule in Paraguay. The Franciscan mission at Caazapá was an important event in Paraguayan cultural heritage.

Some attractions are the Church, the Ykua Bolaños (Bolaños lagoon) and the Museum Juan Bernardo that contains the cross in which missionary Juan Bernardo Colman was executed.
Lomas
Lomas, also called fog oases and  mist oases, are areas of fog-watered vegetation in the coastal desert of Peru and northern Chile. About 100 lomas near the Pacific Ocean are identified between 5°S and 30°S latitude, a north–south distance of about 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi).  Lomas range in size from a small vegetated area to more than 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres) and their flora includes many endemic species. Apart from river valleys and the lomas the coastal desert is almost without vegetation.  Scholars have described individual lomas as "an island of vegetation in a virtual ocean of desert."

In a nearly rainless desert, the lomas owe their existence to the moist dense fog and mist which rolls in from the Pacific.  The fog is called garúa in Peru and Camanchaca in Chile.

Camanchaca
Camanchacas are marine stratocumulus cloud banks that form on the Chilean coast, proximal to the Earth's driest desert, the Atacama Desert, and move inland. In Peru, a similar fog is called garúa, and in Angola cacimbo. On the side of the mountains where these cloud banks form, the camanchaca is a dense fog that does not produce rain. The moisture that makes up the cloud measure between 1 and 40 microns across, too fine to form rain droplets.
KTEL (AM)
KTEL (1490 kHz, "Fox News Radio") is an AM radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Walla Walla, Washington, United States, the station is currently owned by Randolph and Debra McKone's Elkhorn Media Group, through its licensee EMG2, LLC, and features programming from Citadel Media, ESPN Radio, and Premiere Radio Networks.  The station was founded by Jack Keating in the 1950s.

Walla Walla, Washington
Walla Walla (/ˌwɑːlə ˈwɑːlə/ WAH-lə WAH-lə) is a city in and the county seat of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 34,060 at the 2020 census, estimated to have decreased to 33,339 as of 2023. The combined population of the city and its two suburbs, the town of College Place and unincorporated Walla Walla East, is about 45,500.

Walla Walla is in the southeastern region of Washington, approximately four hours away from Portland, Oregon, and four and a half hours from Seattle. It is located only 6 mi (10 km) north of the Oregon border.
Foloi oak forest
37°45′N 21°45′E﻿ / ﻿37.750°N 21.750°E﻿ / 37.750; 21.750

The Folóï oak forest (Greek: Δρυοδάσος Φολόης) is an oak forest in southwestern Greece. It is located in the municipal unit of Foloi, Olympia, Elis, in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The Folóï oak forest is situated at an altitude of 688m, on the plateau of the Folóï mountain. It is an ecosystem unique in the Balkan peninsula and consists of a territory of 9,900 acres (40 km2), which is almost entirely covered by deciduous oaks that form a dense forest area.

Elis
Elis, also known as Ellis or Ilia (Greek: Ηλεία, Eleia), is a historic region in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It is administered as a regional unit of the modern region of Western Greece. Its capital is Pyrgos. Until 2011 it was Elis Prefecture, covering the same territory.

The modern regional unit is nearly coterminous with the ancient Elis of the classical period. Here lie the ancient ruins of cities of Elis, Epitalion and Olympia, known for the ancient Olympic Games which started in 776 BC.
Polio: An American Story
Polio: An American Story by David M. Oshinsky, professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin, documents the polio epidemic in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s and the race to develop a vaccine, which led to 2 different types of polio vaccine: inactivated poliovirus vaccine, developed by a team led by Jonas Salk, and oral poliovirus vaccine, developed by a team led by Albert Sabin.

Published in 2005 by the Oxford University Press, it won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for History and the 2005 Herbert Hoover Book Award.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Brachyprotoma
Brachyprotoma, also known as the short-faced skunks, is an extinct genus of large skunk that inhabited Pleistocene North America, with specimens having been found from Yukon to West Virginia. There currently exists only one accepted species, Brachyprotoma obtusata.

Skunk
Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae. They are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong, unpleasant scent from their anal glands. Different species of skunk vary in appearance from black-and-white to brown, cream or ginger colored, but all have warning coloration.

While related to polecats and other members of the weasel family, skunks have as their closest relatives the Old World stink badgers.
Flag (linear algebra)
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, a flag is an increasing sequence of subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space V. Here "increasing" means each is a proper subspace of the next (see filtration):

The term flag is motivated by a particular example resembling a flag: the zero point, a line, and a plane correspond to a nail, a staff, and a sheet of fabric.

If we write that dimVi = di then we have

where n is the dimension of V (assumed to be finite). Hence, we must have k ≤ n. A flag is called a complete flag if di = i for all i, otherwise it is called a partial flag.

A partial flag can be obtained from a complete flag by deleting some of the subspaces. Conversely, any partial flag can be completed (in many different ways) by inserting suitable subspaces.

The signature of the flag is the sequence (d1, ..., dk).

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
TB9Cs3H2 snoRNA
TB9Cs3H2 is a member of the H/ACA-like class of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) thus named because of its cellular localization in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell.  TB9Cs3H2 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of LSU5 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue Ψ1103.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Chess piece relative value
In chess, a relative value (or point value) is a numerical value conventionally assigned to each piece. Piece valuations have no role in the rules of chess but are useful as an aid to evaluating an exchange of pieces.

The best-known system assigns 1 point to a pawn, 3 points to a knight or bishop, 5 points to a rook, and 9 points to the queen. For instance, sacrificing a knight or bishop under such an evaluation can still be considered a fair exchange if one can ensure the capture of three or more pawns in return. But valuation systems provide only a rough guide; a piece's true value can vary significantly depending on its position relative to all other pieces on the board.

Queen (chess)
The queen (♕, ♛) is the most powerful piece in the game of chess. It can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally, combining the powers of the rook and bishop. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of the first rank next to the king. Because the queen is the strongest piece, a pawn is promoted to a queen in the vast majority of cases; if a pawn is promoted to a piece other than a queen, it is an underpromotion.

The predecessor to the queen is the ferz, a weak piece only able to move or capture one step diagonally, originating from the Persian game of shatranj. The queen acquired its modern move in Spain in the 15th century.
Warszawa Praga railway station
Warszawa Praga railway station is a railway station in the Targówek district of Warsaw, Poland. As of 2011, it is used by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run the KM9 services from Warszawa Wola or Warszawa Zachodnia through the north of the Masovian Voivodeship to Działdowo, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship via Legionowo, Nasielsk, Modlin, Ciechanów and Mława, at all of which some trains terminate, and by Szybka Kolej Miejska, who run services to Wieliszew, with some trains terminating at Legionowo or Legionowo Piaski.

Targówek
Targówek (Polish pronunciation: [tarˈɡuvɛk] ⓘ) is a district in Warsaw, Poland located in the northern part of the city.

It is divided into two parts: residential and industrial. About 30% of the district's area is covered by municipal parks, such as Lasek Bródnowski, Park Bródnowski and Park Wiecha in the eastern part of the district. Between 1994 and 2002 Targówek was independent municipality.
StarCruises
StarCruises (formerly Star Cruises) is a cruise line owned by the Malaysian company StarDream Cruises.

Previously it operated in the Asia-Pacific market and was owned by Genting Hong Kong. The chairman of Star Cruises was Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay, the son of Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong, who had founded Malaysia's Genting Highlands.

In April 2022 the parent company of Star Cruises, Genting Hong Kong, became bankrupt, and Thay, under the trading name Resorts World, bought the Star Cruises trademarks. In February 2025, Resorts World Cruises announced that the brand will be reformed as StarCruises under StarDream Cruises together with sister brand Dream Cruises.

Malay styles and titles
The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.
Fukushima city concert hall
Fukushima city concert hall (福島市音楽堂, Fukushima ongakudō) is a concert hall in Fukushima city, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. It opened in 1984 and has a shoebox-style auditorium with 1,000 seats and a smaller hall with a capacity of 200. Okada & Associates were the architects, with acoustical design by Nagata Acoustics. The 41 stop organ is by Marcussen.

Fukushima (city)
Fukushima (福島市, Fukushima-shi; [ɸɯ̥kɯꜜɕima]) is the capital city of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. It is located in the northern part of the Nakadōri or central region of the prefecture. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 275,850 in 122,130 households and a population density of 359 inhabitants per square kilometre (930/sq mi). The total area of the city is 767.72 square kilometres (296.42 sq mi).

The present-day city of Fukushima partially consists of most of the former Shinobu and Date Districts and a portion of the former Adachi District. The city is located in the Fukushima Basin's southwest area and nearby mountains.

There are many onsen on the outskirts of the city, including the resort areas of Iizaka Onsen, Takayu Onsen, and Tsuchiyu Onsen. Fukushima is also the location of the Fukushima Race Course, the only Japan Racing Association horse racing track in the Tōhoku region of Japan.
Thames-class lifeboat
The Thames-class lifeboat was operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) from just three stations around the coast of the United Kingdom, between 1974 and 1997. Six were ordered but only two were completed. In line with the usual RNLI lifeboat naming convention since the 1960s, the class takes its name from a river, in this case, the River Thames, which flows through London and into the North Sea.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Asif Sultan
Asif Sultan, also known as Aasif Sultan, is a Kashmiri journalist who has been jailed by India since August 2018.  On October 17, 2019, Sultan received the annual John Aubuchon Press Freedom Award by the National Press Club of America. In April 2022, Aasif was granted bail but not released, instead he was re-arrested and booked under the Public Safety Act.

He was released in May 2024, after receiving bail on three occasions.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Saint Joseph's Arts Society
Saint Joseph's Arts Society, run by the Saint Joseph's Arts Foundation, is an arts nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization and arts community located at 1401 Howard Street in the South of Market neighborhood of San Francisco, California.

South of Market, San Francisco
South of Market (SoMa) is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, so named due to its location south of Market Street. It contains several sub-neighborhoods including South Beach, Yerba Buena, and Rincon Hill.

SoMa is home to many of the city's museums, to the headquarters of several major software and Internet companies, and to the Moscone Conference Center.
Kavan Tissa, Prince of Ruhuna
Kavan Tissa, also known as Kaka vanna Tissa (Crow-coloured Tissa), was the king of the Kingdom of Ruhuna in the southern part of Sri Lanka. He ruled Ruhuna, at the same time as Kelani Tissa of Maya Rata. Kavan Tissa was a great-grandson of King Devanampiyatissa's youngest brother Mahanaga, and also the father of the King Dutugemunu.

Mahanaga, Prince of Ruhuna
Mahanaga was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the Kingdom of Ruhuna in the southern region of the island. He is the founder of the Ruhuna. The Kingdom of Ruhuna was in some periods a client state loyal to the King of Anuradhapura and in some periods a country independent of it.
Villa, Norway
Villa is an island in Flatanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 1.2-square-kilometre (300-acre) island lies in the Folda sea about 1.65 kilometres (1.03 mi) northwest of the village of Lauvsnes on the mainland and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the island of Bjørøya.  The Villa Lighthouse is located on the western part of the island. The island had some permanent residents until the 1960s, but now it is uninhabited.

Large parts of the island consists of rocky mountains and rocks, but it also has bogs and heather areas and offers a rich flora, with some rare plants such as the yellow water-lily.

Lauvsnes
Lauvsnes is the administrative centre of Flatanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the shore, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of the village of Vik. Lauvsnes has some small industry as well as fish farming. The island of Løvøya lies just north of the village.

The 0.6-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2024) of 530 and a population density of 883 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,290/sq mi).
Military history of Goguryeo
The military history of Goguryeo involves wars with other Korean kingdoms, Chinese dynasties, nomadic states and tribes, and Wa Japan. Goguryeo was a highly militaristic state; it was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia, until it was defeated by a Silla–Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yŏn Kaesomun.

First conflict of the Goguryeo–Tang War
The first conflict of the Goguryeo–Tang War started when Emperor Taizong (r. 626–649) of the Tang dynasty led a military campaign against Goguryeo in 645 to protect Silla and punish Generalissimo Yŏn Kaesomun for the killing of King Yeongnyu. The Tang forces were commanded by Emperor Taizong himself, and generals Li Shiji, Li Daozong, and Zhangsun Wuji.

In 645, after capturing multiple Goguryeo fortresses and defeating large armies in his path, Emperor Taizong appeared poised to march on the capital Pyongyang and conquer Goguryeo, but could not overcome the strong defenses at Ansi Fortress, which was commanded by Yang Manch'un at the time. Emperor Taizong withdrew after more than 60 days of battle and unsuccessful siege.
Michel Poniatowski
Michel Poniatowski (16 May 1922 – 15 January 2002) was a French politician, member of a legitimized line of Polish princely Poniatowski family. He was a founder of the Independent Republicans and a part of the administration for President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Poniatowski served as Minister of Health from 1973 to 1974 and Minister of the Interior in the Giscard d'Estaing government from 1974 to 1977. He was a founder and honorary president of the Union for French Democracy (Union pour la Démocratie Française, UDF).

Rally for the Republic
The Rally for the Republic (French: Rassemblement pour la République [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ puʁ la ʁepyblik]; RPR [ɛʁ pe ɛʁ]) was a Gaullist and conservative political party in France. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullist politics. It was one of the two major parties in French politics, alongside the Socialist Party. On 21 September 2002, the RPR was merged into the Union for the Presidential Majority, later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).
Umbilical cord ulceration and intestinal atresia
Umbilical cord ulceration and intestinal atresia is a rare congenital disease that results in intestinal atresia, umbilical cord ulceration and severe intrauterine haemorrhage. Only 15 cases have been reported to date, although recent studies suggest that the incidence rate of this disease may be higher than previously thought. A specific study established a clear link between intestinal atresia and umbilical cord ulceration after reporting five such cases at the time of publication.

Intestinal atresia
Intestinal atresia is any congenital malformation of the structure of the intestine that causes bowel obstruction. The malformation can be a narrowing (stenosis), absence or malrotation of a portion of the intestine. These defects can either occur in the small or large intestine.