hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Cantwell
Robert Emmett Cantwell (January 31, 1908 – December 8, 1978), known as Robert Cantwell, was a novelist and critic. His first novel, Laugh and Lie Down (1931) is an early example, twenty years before Jack Kerouac, of the American classic genre the "road novel", and also an important example of the "Depression novel" period genre. His most notable work, The Land of Plenty, focuses on a lumber mill in a thinly disguised version of his hometown in Washington state.

Sherman, Connecticut
Sherman is the northernmost and least populous town of Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 3,527 at the 2020 census. Before 1802, the town was incorporated as part of New Fairfield. It is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region. Sherman is a popular weekend retreat for New York City residents, with about a third of its residents weekenders. The town is located 62 miles (100 km) northeast of New York City, making it part of the New York metropolitan area.

Sherman is the only town in Fairfield County in the 860 area code; the remainder of the county is served by the area code 203/area code 475 overlay. The town is named for Founding Father Roger Sherman.
2014 Shriram Capital P.L. Reddy Memorial Challenger
The 2014 Shriram Capital P.L. Reddy Memorial Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament for the men. It was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Chennai, India, on 3 February to 9 February 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
W. T. B. Karaliadda
Wijeratne Tikiri Bandara Karaliadda was a Ceylonese educator and politician.

Karaliadda was elected to the 1st State Council of Ceylon on 13 June 1931, representing the electorate of Matale. He was a member of the Ceylon Labour Party.

1st State Council of Ceylon
The 1st State Council of Ceylon was a meeting of the State Council of Ceylon, with the membership determined by the results of the 1931 state council election held between 13 and 20 June 1931. The parliament met for the first time on 7 July 1931 and was dissolved on 7 December 1935.
Gary Hall Jr.
Gary Wayne Hall Jr. (born September 26, 1974) is an American former competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Olympics and won ten Olympic medals (five gold, three silver, two bronze). He is a former world record-holder in two relay events. Hall is well known for his "pro-wrestling-like" antics before a competition, frequently strutting onto the pool deck in boxing shorts and robe, shadow boxing and flexing for the audience.

Islamorada, Florida
Islamorada (also sometimes Isla Morada) is an incorporated village in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is located directly between Miami and Key West on five islands—Tea Table Key, Lower Matecumbe Key, Upper Matecumbe Key, Windley Key, and Plantation Key—in the Florida Keys. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 7,107, up from 6,119 in 2010.
Po Lai (constituency)
Po Lai (Chinese: 寶麗) is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District of Hong Kong which was created in 1994.

The constituency loosely covers Po Lai Court and Po Hei Court and part of Un Chau Estate in Cheung Sha Wan with the estimated population of 18,284.

Un Chau Estate
Un Chau Estate (Chinese: 元州邨), or Un Chau Street Estate (Chinese: 元州街邨) before redevelopment, is a public housing estate on the reclaimed land of Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located between Un Chau Street and Cheung Sha Wan Road, next to MTR Cheung Sha Wan station. It consists of 10 residential buildings completed in 1998, 1999 and 2008, which were developed into 4 phases. Phase 5 was developed on the site of the former Cheung Sha Wan Factory Estate.
FOGS Colts Challenge
The FOGS Colts Challenge is an 11-team rugby league competition run by the QRL. It is the highest level of junior rugby league in Brisbane before players move into senior rugby. FOGS in an acronym for Former Origin Greats.

The competition provides the highest standard for young players ranging 16-18 who wish to further their rugby league careers and is seen as the first step for young Queensland boys in reaching the National Rugby League. Although the competition is based in Brisbane, scouts from all the NRL clubs have a presence in Colts rugby. Players are chosen from the FOGS Cup for U17, U18, state, and national representative sides, and it is also the stepping stone to play in the Queensland Cup. It is not unusual for young stars in the FOGS Cup to have already signed contracts with an NRL side.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
Mean glandular dose
In mammography, mean glandular dose (MGD) is a quantity used to describe the absorbed dose of radiation to the breast. It is based on a measurement of air kerma and conversion factors. MGD can be calculated from measurements made with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blocks. It is often used to compare typical doses to patients between different centres or internationally, and is the preferred measure of the potential risk from mammography.

Kerma (physics)
In radiation physics, kerma is an acronym for "kinetic energy released per unit mass" (alternately, "kinetic energy released in matter", "kinetic energy released in material", or "kinetic energy released in materials"), defined as the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation (i.e., indirectly ionizing radiation such as photons and neutrons) in a sample of matter, divided by the mass of the sample. It is defined by the quotient
.
2007–08 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season
Huddersfield Town's 2007–08 campaign saw The Terriers fail to make any progress for a second successive season in Football League One. Andy Ritchie lost his job on April Fool's Day following a 4–1 defeat at local rivals Oldham Athletic. He was replaced by Stan Ternent for the new season.

The season was also notable for 2 other reasons. One was the FA Cup run, which saw Town reach the 5th round for the first time since the 1998–99 season. This included a win over Premier League side Birmingham City and a rematch against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge.

The other big story was the handover of chairmanship from Ken Davy to local businessman Dean Hoyle. He would become the chairman after the centenary season.

Ken Davy
Kenneth Ernest Davy OBE (born 1941) is an English businessman. He is the owner and former chairman of the rugby league club Huddersfield Giants and former chairman of football club Huddersfield Town. He stood for Parliament as a Conservative Party candidate in 1970 and 1974, and again in 2019.
Missing man formation
The missing man formation is an aerial salute performed as part of a flypast of aircraft at a funeral or memorial event, typically in memory of a fallen pilot, a well-known military service member or veteran, or a well-known political figure.  The planes fly in a formation that leaves a space where one plane should be, symbolizing the person's absence. Though similar formations have occurred as early as World War I, the first flypast in the modern formation of four planes is believed to have occurred in 1931 at the funeral for Charles W. "Speed" Holman.

Missing man formations are also used in motorsport in memory of a recently deceased driver and in American football and ice hockey in memory of a recently deceased player.

Randolph Air Force Base
Randolph Air Force Base (IATA: RND, ICAO: KRND, FAA LID: RND) is a United States Air Force base located in Bexar County, Texas, (14.8 miles (23.8 km) east-northeast of Downtown San Antonio).

Opened in 1931, Randolph has been a flying training facility for the United States Army Air Corps, the United States Army Air Forces, and the Air Force during its entire existence.

On 1 October 2010, Randolph AFB merged with Lackland Air Force Base and the US Army's Fort Sam Houston to form Joint Base San Antonio.
Indonesian Papuans
According to the official Indonesian law, Papuans more specifically indigenous Papuans or native Papuans, are the common native-derived internationalized endonym in Indonesian English for the native Indonesians of Papua-origin (as opposed to "New Guineans" term coined by the British colonizers). They are closely related to the Oceanians (and to some extent, the Australian Aboriginals), who natively inhabited the Eastern Indonesian provinces of Central Papua, Highland Papua, Southwest Papua, West Papua, South Papua, and Papua in Indonesia (which historically part of the larger Sahul palaeocontinent). They natively speak their own native language belonging to either Austronesian or Papuan language families, each with its distinctive and unique linguistic features that may only be found on the island.

The Papuans are one of the indigenous people of Indonesia that are protected under the national law by the government of Indonesia, to ensure their stability in economic and development.

Tehit people
Tehit people are an ethnic group who live in the southern part of Doberai Peninsula. Their traditional settlements are concentrated around the Teminabuan District. According to the 2010 Indonesian census, Tehit people population were 15,972.
Mount Geissel
Mount Geissel (80°25′S 81°47′W﻿ / ﻿80.417°S 81.783°W﻿ / -80.417; -81.783) is a mountain, 1,430 metres (4,700 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Mount Simmons in the Independence Hills of the Heritage Range, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Robert H. Geissel, a United States Antarctic Research Program geomagnetist and seismologist at Plateau Station in 1966.

Mount Simmons
Mount Simmons (80°22′S 81°45′W﻿ / ﻿80.367°S 81.750°W﻿ / -80.367; -81.750) is a mountain, 1,590 m, forming the north end of the Independence Hills, in the Heritage Range. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for aviation electronics technician Richard S. Simmons, U.S. Navy, an air crewman on LC-47 aircraft who perished in a crash on the Ross Ice Shelf on February 2, 1966.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Simmons". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Maco (film company)
Maco (Hans O. Mahn GmbH & Co. KG, Maco Photo Products) is a Germany-based supplier of photographic films, including former Agfa film types. They also make 127 film.

Most of their films are now sold under the Rollei label, a brand licensed from RCP Technik Verwaltungs GmbH / RCP-Technik GmbH & Co. KG / Rollei GmbH & Co. KG.

Agfa-Gevaert
Agfa-Gevaert N.V. (Agfa) is a Belgian-German multinational corporation that develops, manufactures, and distributes analogue and digital imaging products, software, and systems.

The company began as a dye manufacturer in 1867. In 1925, the company merged with several other German chemical companies to become chemicals giant IG Farben. AGFA was reconstituted (as a subsidiary of Bayer) from the remnants of IG Farben in 1952.

Agfa photographic film and cameras were once prominent consumer products. In 2004, the consumer imaging division was sold to a company founded via management buyout. AgfaPhoto GmbH, as the new company was called, filed for bankruptcy after a year, and its brands are now licensed to other companies by AgfaPhoto Holding GmbH, a holding firm. Today Agfa-Gevaert's commerce is 100% business-to-business.
Ganja & Hess
Ganja & Hess is a 1973 American black horror film written and directed by Bill Gunn and starring Marlene Clark and Duane Jones. The film follows the exploits of anthropologist Dr. Hess Green (Jones), who becomes a vampire after his intelligent but unstable assistant (Gunn) stabs him with an ancient cursed dagger. Green falls in love with his assistant's widow, Ganja (Clark), who learns Green's dark secret.

It is one of only two films in which the lead role was played by Jones, best known for starring in the 1968 film Night of the Living Dead (though he had bit parts in other movies). The film was screened at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival. It was remade by Spike Lee in 2014 as Da Sweet Blood of Jesus.

In 2024, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
ESO 415-G26
ESO 415-G26 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Fornax. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.015 and it was first documented by B.A. Vorontsov-Vel'Yaminov in the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies in 1968, where it was designated as MCG-05-07-001. This galaxy has also been classified as a polar ring galaxy.

Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies
The Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies (MCG) or Morfologiceskij Katalog Galaktik, is a Russian catalogue of 30,642 galaxies compiled by Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov and V. P. Arkhipova. It is based on scrutiny of prints of the Palomar Sky Survey plates, and putatively complete to a photographic magnitude of 15. Including galaxies to magnitude 16 would have resulted in an unmanageably large dataset.
Khaled Sabsabi
Khaled Sabsabi  (born 1965) is a Lebanese-born Australian artist based in Sydney, especially known for his video installations. His work, executed in many different media, often incorporates themes of Islam and Arab identity in Australia, along with exploration of spirituality and multiculturalism, and has been exhibited nationally and internationally since 1999. He came to wider public notice in February 2025 after being selected, along with curator Michael Dagostino, to represent Australia in the Australian pavilion at the 2026 Venice Biennale, before the decision was rescinded by Creative Australia around a week later, causing a large backlash that was widely covered by news media. After after an independent external review of the decision, the pair were reinstated as Australia's Biennale artists on 2 July 2025.

Lebanese Australians
Lebanese Australians (Arabic: اللبنانيون الأستراليون) refers to citizens or permanent residents of Australia of Lebanese ancestry. The population is diverse, having a large Christian religious base, being mostly Maronite Catholics, while also having a large Muslim group of Sunni and Shia branches.

Lebanon, in both its modern-day form as the Lebanese state (declared 1920; independent 1943), and its historical form as the region of the Lebanon, has been a source of migrants to Australia since the 1870s. 248,430 Australians (about 1% of the total population) claimed some Lebanese ancestry in 2021. The 2021 census reported 87,343 Lebanese-born people in Australia, with nearly 66,000 of those resident in Greater Sydney.
Raktae Muangsurin
Boontham Thoykrathoke (born February 8, 1960), known professionally as Raktae Muangsurin (Thai: รักแท้ เมืองสุรินทร์), is a Thai former professional Muay Thai fighter. He is a former Rajadamnern Stadium Lightweight Champion who was famous during the 1970s and 1980s.

He trained at the Muangsurin gym, a camp that produced many elite pressure fighters such as Saensak Muangsurin and Samransak Muangsurin.

Saensak Muangsurin
Boonsong Mansri (Thai: บุญส่ง มั่นศรี; 13 August 1950 – 16 April 2009), known professionally as Saensak Muangsurin (Thai: แสนศักดิ์ เมืองสุรินทร์), was a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter and boxer. He was a Lumpinee Stadium super-lightweight champion in Muay Thai, as well as a WBC super-lightweight world champion in boxing. In 1975, he won a major world boxing title in his third professional fight, 241 days after his debut, which is still the record over 50 years later (later matched by Vasiliy Lomachenko in 2014 in terms of number of bouts). He is also Thailand's heaviest world boxing champion to date. Nicknamed the "World Collapsing Southpaw," he is often regarded as one of the most fearsome punchers in Muay Thai history.
Fashion boot
A fashion boot is a boot worn for reasons of style or fashion (rather than for utilitarian purposes – e.g. not hiking boots, riding boots, rain boots, etc.). The term is usually applied to women's boots. Fashion boots come in a wide variety of styles, from ankle to thigh-length, and are used for casual, formal, and business attire. Although boots were a popular style of women's footwear in the 19th century, they were not recognized as a high fashion item until the 1960s. They became widely popular in the 1970s and have remained a staple of women's winter wardrobes since then.

Go-go boot
Go-go boots are a low-heeled style of women's fashion boot first introduced in the mid-1960s. The original go-go boots, as defined by André Courrèges in 1964, were white, low-heeled, and mid-calf in height, a specific style which is sometimes called the Courrèges boot. Since then, the term go-go boot has come to include the knee-high, square-toed boots with block heels that were very popular in the 1960s and 1970s; as well as a number of variations including kitten heeled versions and colours other than white.
Bojewyan
Bojewyan (Cornish: Bosywyon) is a settlement on the Penwith Peninsula in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village lies along the B3306 road which runs along the north coast and connects St Ives to St Just. It is located between the villages of Pendeen and Morvah. The settlement once had a Wesleyan Chapel which was reopened in May 1879 after alterations and repairs.

Penwith
Penwith (/ˌpɛnˈwɪθ/; Cornish: Pennwydh) is an area of Cornwall, England, located on the peninsula of the same name. It is also the name of a former local government district, whose council was based in Penzance. The area is named after one of the ancient administrative hundreds of Cornwall which derives from two Cornish words, penn meaning 'headland' and wydh meaning 'at the end'.

Natural England have designated the peninsula as national character area 156 and named it West Penwith. It is also known as the Land's End Peninsula.
Mandu-gwa
Mandu-gwa (Korean: 만두과; Hanja: 饅頭菓) is a Korean sweet dumpling filled with sweetened ingredients and coated with jocheong (rice syrup). It is a type of yumil-gwa, a deep-fried hangwa (Korean confection) made with wheat flour. Mandu means "dumplings" and gwa means "confection". Mandu-gwa is typically eaten as a dessert or bamcham (late-night snack).

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
Uttara FC Women
Uttara FC Women (Bengali: উত্তরা এফসি ওমেন) is a Bangladeshi women's professional football club based in Uttara, Dhaka. It competes in the Bangladesh Women's Football League, the top flight of women's football in Bangladesh.

Uttara (neighbourhood)
Uttara Model Town or simply Uttara (Bengali: উত্তরা, romanized: Uttôrā, lit. 'The North [of Dhaka]'; IPA: [ut̪ːɔɹa]) is a neighbourhood of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It lies on the road to Gazipur, and adjoins Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.
Land and Water Conservation Fund
The United States' Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) is a federal program that was established by Act of Congress in 1965 to provide funds and matching grants to federal, state and local governments for the acquisition of land and water, and easements on land and water, for the benefit of all Americans. The main emphases of the fund are recreation and the protection of national natural treasures in the forms of parks and protected forest and wildlife areas. The LWCF has a broad-based coalition of support and oversight, including the National Parks Conservation Association, Environment America, The Wilderness Society, the Land Trust Alliance, the Nature Conservancy, the National Wildlife Federation, and The Conservation Fund.

In August 2020, President Trump signed the Great American Outdoors Act into law, which requires that the LWCF be funded at $900 million yearly, a significant increase from previous funding levels.

Administration of federal assistance in the United States
In the United States, federal assistance, also known as federal aid, federal benefits, or federal funds, is defined as any federal program, project, service, or activity provided by the federal government that directly assists domestic governments, organizations, or individuals in the areas of education, health, public safety, public welfare, and public works, among others.

The assistance, which can reach to over $400 billion annually,  is provided and administered by federal government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through special programs to recipients.
2017 Empire Slovak Open
The 2017 Empire Slovak Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and part of the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money. It took place in Trnava, Slovakia, from 15–21 May 2017.

2017 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2017 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000.
Deloping
Delope is the practice of deliberately wasting one's first shot in a pistol duel, an attempt to abort the conflict. The Irish code duello forbids the practice. Although some sources state that the term derives from French, the etymology is uncertain.

George Eacker
George I. Eacker (c. 1774 – January 4, 1804) was a New York lawyer. He is best known for having fatally shot Philip Hamilton, the eldest son of Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, in a duel on November 23, 1801, in  Weehawken, New Jersey.
Galina Yuzefovich
Galina Leonidovna Yuzefovich (Russian: Гали́на Леони́довна Юзефо́вич) is a Russian literary critic, teacher, and columnist. She is the daughter of two prominent Russian writers  Anna Berdichevskaya and Leonid Yuzefovich.

Meduza
Meduza (Russian: Медуза, named after the Greek mythological figure Medusa) is a Russian and English-language independent news website, headquartered in Riga, Latvia. It was founded in 2014 by a group of former employees of the then-independent Lenta.ru news website. Free mobile applications for iOS, Windows Phone, and Android became the basis of the media.