hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck
Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck (5 May 1768– 12 January 1848) was a Prussian field marshal and military adviser in the Napoleonic Wars, best known for designing the campaign plan of the Battle of the Nations and the subsequent invasion of France. As aide-de-camp to the king from 1813, and thereby his closest military advisor, he was a key figure in Prussia's military policy throughout the War of the Sixth Coalition and the subsequent Congress of Vienna.

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill is a 182-metre (597 ft) volcanic peak and Tūpuna Maunga (ancestral mountain) in Auckland, New Zealand. It is an important place culturally and archeologically for both Māori and Pākehā. The suburb around the base of the hill is also called One Tree Hill. It is surrounded by the suburbs of Royal Oak to the west, and clockwise, Epsom, Greenlane, Oranga, and Onehunga. The summit provides views across the Auckland area, and allows visitors to see both of Auckland's harbours.

The scoria cones of the hill were erupted from three craters – one is intact and two have been breached by lava flows that rafted away part of the side of the scoria cone. Lava flows went in all directions, many towards Onehunga, covering an area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi), making it the second largest (in area covered) of the Auckland volcanic field, behind Rangitoto Island. The volcano erupted approximately 67,000 years ago.

Greenlane
Greenlane is a central isthmus suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is bounded by Epsom to the west, Newmarket to the north, Remuera to the east and One Tree Hill to the south.

The Greenlane shops are situated at the intersection of Great South Road and Green Lane West. On the northern side of Green Lane West are located the Alexandra Park Raceway, the Auckland Showgrounds and the Campbell Park Tennis Club; on the southern side is Greenlane Clinical Centre, Cornwall Park, Cornwall Cricket Club, and Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and its park.

Within Auckland, the suburb is best-known for Cornwall Park, the Greenlane Clinical Centre, which is a large hospital complex, the Auckland Showgrounds, car yards and the Alexandra Park racecourse.

The suburb itself is one word (Greenlane), whereas the thoroughfare is two (Green Lane).
Panchanan Mitra
Panchanan Mitra (Bengali: পঞ্চানন মিত্র) (25 May 1892 – 25 July 1936) was an Indian professor of anthropology. He was succeeded by Sarat Chandra Mitra(1863-1938) and B.S.Guha(1894-1961).  He was among the first Indians to study at Yale University and conducted several anthropological expeditions in India and abroad. He was the head of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Calcutta and is most known for his works Prehistoric India (1923), History of Ameri-can Anthropology (1930) and Indo-Poly-nesian Memories (1933). He was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland and today the Asiatic Society awards an annual 'Panchanan Mitra Memorial Lectureship' for outstanding contributions to anthropology.

Rajendralal Mitra
Raja Rajendralal Mitra (16 February 1822 – 26 July 1891) was among the first Indian cultural researchers and historians writing in English. A polymath and the first Indian president of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, he was a pioneering figure in the Bengali Renaissance. He was hired in 1846 as a librarian in the Asiatic Society of Bengal, for which he then worked throughout his life as second secretary, vice president, and finally the first native president in 1885. Mitra published a number of Sanskrit and English texts in the Bibliotheca Indica series, as well as major scholarly works including The antiquities of Orissa (2 volumes, 1875–80), Bodh Gaya (1878), Indo-Aryans (2 volumes, 1881) and more.
NGC 7768
NGC 7768 is a large elliptical galaxy located in the constellation of Pegasus. Its velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background is 7,663  ±  28 km /s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 113.0 ± 7.9  Mpc (∼369  million light-years). NGC 7768 was discovered by the British astronomer John Herschel in  1828.

NGC 7768 forms a pair of galaxies with NGC 7767. Observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope have shown that the galaxy's nucleus is surrounded by a disk of matter with a mass estimated at about 7×10³ M☉

NGC 7767
NGC 7767 is a 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy located within the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered in 1872 by Ralph Copeland using Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope. It is an S0a type galaxy with a redshift of 0.026829.
Islam during the Tang dynasty
The history of Islam in China goes back to the earliest years of Islam. According to the Chinese Old book of Tang,  Muslim missionaries reached China through an embassy sent by ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (644–656), the third rāshidūn caliph, in 651 CE, less than twenty years after the death of Muhammad (632 CE) in the second year of the third Tang Dynasty Emperor. Saʿd ibn Abī Waḳḳāṣ, the maternal uncle and second cousin of Muhammad, was sent with a delegation to meet the Emperor Gaozong of Tang. The construction of Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou, the first mosque in the country, is attributed to him.

History of Islam in China
The history of Islam in China dates back to 1,300 years ago. Currently, Chinese Muslims are a minority group in China, representing between 0.45% to 1.8% of the total population according to the latest estimates. Although Hui Muslims are the most numerous group, the greatest concentration of Chinese Muslims are located in Northwestern China, mostly in the autonomous region of Xinjiang, which holds a significant Uyghur population. Lesser but significant Chinese Muslim populations reside in the regions of Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai. Of China's 55 officially recognized minority peoples, ten groups are predominantly Sunnī Muslim.
Otobong Bob
Barr Otobong Bob listenⓘ is a Nigerian lawyer and politician from Nsit-Ubium in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. He is the member representing Nsit-Ubium State Constituency in the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and is the youngest Law Maker in Nigeria

Nsit-Ubium
Nsit-Ubium is in the south south of Nigeria and is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. It is commonly referred to as Nsit amongst others (Nsit Atai, Nsit Ibom and Nsit Ubium) by the akwaibomites.
2013 Kangaroo Cup
The 2013 Kangaroo Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the seventeenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Gifu, Japan, on 29 April – 5 May 2013.

Kangaroo Cup
The Kangaroo Cup is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts. The event is classified as a $100,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Gifu, Japan, since 1997.
Asymptotic freedom
In quantum field theory, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases. (Alternatively, and perhaps contrarily, in applying an S-matrix, asymptotically free refers to free particles states in the distant past or the distant future.)

Asymptotic freedom is a feature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental constituents of nuclear matter.  Quarks interact weakly at high energies, allowing perturbative calculations.  At low energies, the interaction becomes strong, leading to the confinement of quarks and gluons within composite hadrons.

The asymptotic freedom of QCD was discovered in 1973 by David Gross and Frank Wilczek,  
and independently by David Politzer in the same year. 
For this work all three shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Flavour (particle physics)
In particle physics, flavour or flavor refers to the species of an elementary particle. The Standard Model counts six flavours of quarks and six flavours of leptons. They are conventionally parameterized with flavour quantum numbers that are assigned to all subatomic particles. They can also be described by some of the family symmetries proposed for the quark-lepton generations.
Old Main, Knox College
Old Main is the oldest building on the campus of Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois.  Completed in 1857, it is a distinctive Gothic Tudor design of Swedish architect Charles Ulricson.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961 as one of the few surviving sites to host one of the famous 1858 Lincoln–Douglas debates.  The building underwent a major restoration in the 1930s, which modernized its interior and restored its exterior.

Galesburg, Illinois
Galesburg is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The city is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Peoria. At the 2020 census, its population was 30,052. Galesburg is the home of Knox College, a private four-year liberal arts college, and Carl Sandburg College, a community college named for native-born poet Carl Sandburg.

Galesburg is the county seat of Knox County and the principal city of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Knox and Warren counties. A 496-acre (201 ha) section of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Galesburg Historic District.
Overwatch (military tactic)
Overwatch is a force protection tactic in modern warfare where one small military unit, vehicle, or aircraft supports another friendly unit while the latter executes fire and movement tactics.  The term was coined in U.S. military doctrine in the 1950s.

An overwatching unit typically takes a vantage position (usually a high ground or tall structure with good defilade) where it can observe the terrain far ahead, especially likely enemy positions and movements.  This allows it to act as a warning system against hostile aggression and provide effective covering fire for advancing friendly units.

High ground
High ground is an area of elevated terrain, which can be useful in combat. The military importance of the high ground has been recognized for over 2,000 years, citing early examples from China and other early-dynastic cultures who regularly engaged in territorial/power struggles. Later incorporated to be advantageous in architectural designs such as castles and fortresses which included towers and walls designed to provide structural advantages for positions of troops and weaponry which could be thrown or fired from above.
Quebec Route 390
Route 390 is a provincial highway located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in southwestern Quebec, Canada. The 40 km (25 mi) highway runs from Palmarolle at the junction of Route 393 and ends in Taschereau at the junction of Route 111. It also intersects with Route 101 in Poularies.

Quebec Route 111
Route 111 is a north/south highway on the north shore of the Saint-Lawrence River in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada. Its northern terminus is in the municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James at the junction of Route 393, and its southern terminus is in Val-d'Or at the junction of Route 117.
Alvin Garcia
Alvin Biaño Garcia (born June 29, 1946) is a Filipino politician, lawyer, and former teacher who served as the 25th Mayor of Cebu City from 1995 to 2001. He also served as its 14th Vice Mayor from 1988 to 1995 alongside then-Mayor Tommy Osmeña.

Garcia is the founder of Kugi Uswag Sugbo (KUSUG), a local political party based in Cebu City, and  the father of former Cebu City Mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia. Both are third father-son tandem to have become mayor after the Dutertes (Ramon and Ronald) and Osmeñas (Sergio "Serging" Jr. and Tomas), as well as the second father-son tandem to become vice mayor.

Mayor of Cebu City
The Mayor of Cebu City (Cebuano: Punong Dakbayan sa Sugbo) is the chief executive of the government of Cebu City in the Philippines. The mayor leads the city's departments in executing ordinances and delivering public services. The mayorship is a three-year term and each mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totaling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term.

The current mayor is Nestor D. Archival Sr. of Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan (BOPK), who was elected in 2025 with an upset victory over incumbent mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia (KUSUG) and their predecessor former mayor Michael Rama (BARUG). Archival took his ceremonial oath of office on June 26, 2025 and officially began his term on June 30.
NASCAR Sportsman Division
The NASCAR Sportsman Division was formed in 1950, one year after the Strictly Stock (now NASCAR Cup Series) was launched and two years after NASCAR's formation. It gave NASCAR three major series, along with the original Modifieds.  It was replaced with the Late Model Sportsman Series in 1968.

NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (NWMT) (previously the NASCAR Winston Modified Tour and NASCAR Featherlite Modified Series from 1985 until 2005) is a modified stock car racing series owned and operated by NASCAR in the Modified Division.  The Modified Division is NASCAR's oldest division, and is the only open-wheeled division that NASCAR sanctions. NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour events are mainly held in the northeastern United States, but the 2007 and 2008 tours expanded to the Midwest with the addition of a race in Mansfield, Ohio. The tour races primarily on short oval paved tracks, but the NWMT also has made appearances at larger ovals and road courses.
1994 Federation Cup Americas Zone – Pool A
Group A of the 1994 Federation Cup Americas Zone was one of four pools in the Americas zone of the 1994 Federation Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top three teams advancing to the knockout stage.

1994 Federation Cup Americas Zone – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1994 Federation Cup Americas Zone was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from the Americas. Those that qualified for this stage placed first, second and third in their respective pools.

The twelve teams were then randomly drawn into a two-stage knockout tournament, with the winners qualifying for the World Group.
Minuscule 817
Codex Basiliensis A. N. III, 15, also known as Minuscule 817 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Θε52 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper, with a commentary. It was used by Erasmus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.

Minuscule 196
Minuscule 196 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Zε23 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.
Stø
Stø is a fishing village in Øksnes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the northern tip of the island of Langøya, along the Gavlfjorden in the Vesterålen archipelago. In 2001, there were about 175 residents. This village was the administrative centre of the old Langenes Municipality which existed from 1919 until 1964.

Gavlfjorden
Gavlfjorden is a fjord (more accurately, a sound) in Nordland county, Norway. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long fjord separates the large islands of Langøya and Andøya in the Vesterålen archipelago and it runs along the border of three municipalities: Øksnes, Andøy, and Sortland. In the north, the fjord flows out into the Norwegian Sea, and in the south, the fjord splits into the Sortlandssundet strait and the Risøysundet strait.
Annie Beustes
Annie Beustes (born 15 June 1945) is a French politician in New Caledonia. She has served in the Congress of New Caledonia as a member of The Rally–UMP, and is anti-independence; she also served in the government of Jean Lèques.

She served a short term as Vice President of the Government of New Caledonia in August 2007, and was succeeded by Déwé Gorodey of the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS: Front de Libération Nationale Kanak et Socialiste).

Vice President of the Government of New Caledonia
The vice president of the Government of New Caledonia (French: Vice-Président du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a political position in the Government of New Caledonia formed in 1999, after the Nouméa Accord was signed in 1998.

New Caledonia has a collegial government with 11 members elected by Congress of New Caledonia with proportional representation on party list voting, according to the rule of the highest average. Then, according to the Nouméa Accord, the 11 members elect President and Vice President among themselves.

According to the Nouméa Accord, the vice president in the collegial government system needs to come from a pro-independence party if the president comes from an anti-independence party and the other way round whenever the president comes from a pro-independence party. Even if the position of vice president is not filled, the government is deemed to be fully operational seven days after all government members are elected.
Nizar ibn Ma'add
Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan (Arabic: نزار بن معد بن عدنان) was the common ancestor of most of the northern Arab tribes (the Adnanites), according to the Arab genealogical tradition. As a result, the term 'Nizar', or Nizariyya (نزارية), has been used as a loosely defined name for a group of tribes, most commonly the Rabi'a and Mudar tribes, but occasionally extended to include others.

Giorgio Levi Della Vida
Giorgio Levi Della Vida (22 August 1886 in Venice – 25 November 1967 in Rome) was an Italian Jewish linguist whose expertise lay in Hebrew, Arabic, and other Semitic languages, as well as on the history and culture of the Near East.
Bob Starr (basketball)
Robert "Bob" Starr (born c.1950) is an American former basketball coach and sports agent who represented many of the first American basketball players to play professionally in Iceland in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including Jimmy Rogers, Curtis Carter and former American Basketball Association star Stew Johnson.

Stew Johnson
Stewart "Stew" Johnson (born August 19, 1944) is an American former professional basketball player. A 6-foot-8-inch (2.03 m) tall forward/center from Murray State University, who was born in New York City, Johnson was selected by the New York Knicks in the third round of the 1966 NBA draft. However, Johnson never played in the NBA, joining the rival American Basketball Association instead.
KIVY (AM)
KIVY, K275AS, & K288HF (1290 AM, 102.9 & 105.5 FM) is an AM radio station combined with dual FM translators broadcasting an adult standards format to the rural communities of southern Anderson and most of Houston County, Texas, including Crockett, Latexo, Grapeland, and Elkhart. Licensed to Crockett, Texas, United States, the station serves the Jacksonville-Palestine area. The station is currently owned by Leon Hunt.

Current ESPN announcer Carter Blackburn began his broadcast career at KIVY, calling high school football games.

Crockett, Texas
Crockett is a city and the county seat of Houston County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 6,332. Houston County is the oldest county and Crockett the fifth-oldest city in Texas.
1963 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The 1963 European Amateur Boxing Championships  were held in Moscow, Soviet Union from 26 May to 2 June. The 15th edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 133 fighters from 18 countries participating.

European Amateur Boxing Championships
The European Amateur Boxing Championships is the highest competition for boxing amateurs in Europe, organised by the continent's governing body EUBC, which stands for the European Boxing Confederation. The first edition of the tournament took place in 1924, although the first 'competitive' championships were hosted by the city of Stockholm (Sweden) in 1925.
Bruce Gilley
Bruce Gilley (born July 21, 1966) is a Canadian-American professor of political science and director of the PhD program in Public Affairs and Policy at the Mark O. Hatfield School of Government at Portland State University. He is the founder and president of the Oregon Association of Scholars, member of the Heterodox Academy and founding signatory of the Oregon Academic Faculty Pledge on Freedom. Gilley gained international acclaim but also a storm of criticism for his highly controversial peer-reviewed article "The Case for Colonialism," published in an advance online edition of the scientific journal Third World Quarterly in 2017. Fifteen members of the journal's board resigned over Gilley's article.

Academic tenure
Tenure is a type of academic appointment that offers its holder a semi-permanent position at an institution, protecting them from being fired or laid off for their personal beliefs and practices. Academic tenure originated in the United States in the early 20th century, and several other countries have since adopted it. Tenure is a means of defending the principle of academic freedom, though tenured staff can still be fired under just cause laws or under extraordinary circumstances such as financial exigency or program discontinuation.
Fletcher Nunatak
Fletcher Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Флечър, romanized: nunatak Fletcher, IPA: ['nunɐtak 'flɛt͡ʃər]) is the hill rising to 150 m at the base of the small peninsula ending in Avitohol Point on the north coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It has a partly ice-free area of 0.54 ha extending 100 m in southwest–northeast direction and 60 m in southeast–northwest direction. The nunatak surmounts Hero Bay on the northeast, and is part of the glacial divide between Tundzha Glacier on the southeast and Berkovitsa Glacier on the west. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after the American woman land surveyor Alice Cunningham Fletcher (1838-1923), in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.