hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kōdōji temple ruins
The Kōdōji temple ruins (興道寺廃寺跡, Kōdōji Haiji ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Buddhist temple located in what is now the town of Mihama, Fukui, Japan. The temple no longer exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 2018.

Mihama, Fukui
Mihama (美浜町, Mihama-chō) is a town located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2018,  the city had an estimated population of 9,643 in 3175 households and the population density of 63 persons per km2. The total area of the town was  152.35 square kilometres (58.82 sq mi).
MUMPS (software)
MUMPS (MUltifrontal Massively Parallel sparse direct Solver) is a software application for the solution of large sparse systems of linear algebraic equations on distributed memory parallel computers. It was developed in European project PARASOL (1996–1999) by CERFACS, IRIT-ENSEEIHT and RAL. The software implements the multifrontal method, which is a version of Gaussian elimination for large sparse systems of equations, especially those arising from the finite element method. It is written in Fortran 90 with parallelism by MPI and it uses BLAS and ScaLAPACK kernels for dense matrix computations.
Since 1999, MUMPS has been supported by CERFACS, IRIT-ENSEEIHT, and INRIA.

The importance of MUMPS lies in the fact that it is a supported free implementation of the multifrontal method.

ScaLAPACK
The ScaLAPACK (or Scalable LAPACK) library includes a subset of LAPACK routines redesigned for distributed memory MIMD parallel computers. It is currently written in a Single-Program-Multiple-Data style using explicit message passing for interprocessor communication. It assumes matrices are laid out in a two-dimensional block cyclic decomposition.

ScaLAPACK is designed for heterogeneous computing and is portable on any computer that supports MPI or PVM.

ScaLAPACK depends on PBLAS operations in the same way LAPACK depends on BLAS.

As of version 2.0, the code base directly includes PBLAS and BLACS and has dropped support for PVM.

After two decades of operation, a new library was created to replace ScaLAPACK, which was not suitable for modern accelerated architectures. Slate is written in C++ and was designed primarily to serve as a dense linear algebra library to the United States Department of Energy and to the high-performance computing community at large.
Clostridium scindens
Clostridium scindens is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, pleiomorphic, spore-forming bacterium belonging to the genus Clostridium. C. scindens has been found in humans as a commensal colonizer of the colon. Clostridium scindens is capable of converting primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, as well as converting glucocorticoids to androgens. The presence of C. scindens in the human gut is associated resistance to Clostridioides difficile infection, due to the production of secondary bile acids which inhibit the growth of C. difficile.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
History of hypnosis
The development of concepts, beliefs and practices related to hypnosis and hypnotherapy have been documented since prehistoric to modern times.

Although often viewed as one continuous history, the term hypnosis was coined in the 1880s in France, some twenty years after the death of James Braid, who had adopted the term hypnotism (in 1841)—which specifically applied to the state of the subject, rather than techniques applied by the operator — to contrast his own, unique, subject-centred, approach with those of the operator-centred mesmerists/animal magnetists who preceded him.

Abreaction
Abreaction (German: Abreagieren) is a psychoanalytical term for reliving an experience to purge it of its emotional excesses—a type of catharsis. Sometimes it is a method of becoming conscious of repressed traumatic events.
Acción Española
Acción Española (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣˈθjon espaˈɲola], Spanish Action) or AE was a Spanish cultural association active during the Second Spanish Republic, meeting point of the ultraconservative and far right intellectual figures that endorsed the restoration of the Monarchy. It was also a political magazine of the same name. The group was heavily influenced by Action Française both in its name and its ideology. Constituted in October 1931, the cultural association was inaugurated on 5 February 1932, following the founding of the journal on 15 December 1931.

José María Pemán
José María Pemán y Pemartín (8 May 1897 – 19 July 1981) was a Spanish journalist, poet, playwright, novelist, essayist and monarchist intellectual. He was a member of Francisco Franco's Falange movement.
Michael McCoy
Michael McCoy (born September 16, 1944, in Eaton Rapids, Michigan) is an American industrial designer and educator who has made significant contributions to American design and design education in the latter half of the 20th century.  McCoy is best known as the co-chair of the graduate program in Design at Cranbrook Academy of Art where he and spouse Katherine McCoy pioneered semantic approaches to design.

Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a design museum at the Andrew Carnegie Mansion in Manhattan, New York City, along the Upper East Side's Museum Mile. It is one of 19 Smithsonian Institution museums and one of three Smithsonian facilities located in New York City, along with the National Museum of the American Indian's George Gustav Heye Center in Bowling Green and the Archives of American Art New York Research Center in the Flatiron District. Unlike other Smithsonian museums, Cooper Hewitt charges an admissions fee. It is the only museum in the United States devoted to historical and contemporary design. Its collections and exhibitions explore design aesthetic and creativity from throughout the United States' history.
Pyengana
Pyengana is a village in north-east Tasmania, Australia. It is part of the Break O'Day Council administrative region, with less than 1% in the Dorset LGA. The regional centre is St Helens which is approximately 27 kilometres to the east. Pyengana is a rural farming region with a number of natural and historical heritage sites.

St Helens, Tasmania
St Helens is the largest town on the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia, on Georges Bay. It is known as the game fishing capital of Tasmania and is also renowned for its oysters (as are some other areas of Tasmania). It is located on the Tasman Highway, about 160 km east of Tasmania's second largest city, Launceston. In the early 2000s, the town was one of the fastest growing areas of Tasmania, and reached a population of 2049 at the 2006 census. By the time of the 2021 census, it had a population of 2,206.

St Helens is part of the Break O'Day Council, a council that includes the nearby town of Binalong Bay. St Helens also has its own radio station named Star FM Tasmania a community station on 93.7 MHz in the town, 100.3 MHz in St Marys and 98.5 MHz in Bicheno. A number of shops can be found in the town along Cecilia Street, such as the Bay of Fires IGA. and Gallery Parnella.
Paul Becker
Paul Becker is a Canadian director, choreographer, writer, and producer. He is best known for choreographing HBO's The Last of Us, Deadpool 2, Disney's Descendants, Mirror Mirror, Twilight, Disney Animation's Ralph Breaks the Internet, and The Kissing Booth, The Kissing Booth 2, The Kissing Booth 3, directing episodes of Julie and the Phantoms, and producing Canada's Got Talent.

Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert
Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert is a 2008 American concert comedy film produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures presented in Disney Digital 3-D. It was first released in the United States and Canada for one week beginning on February 1, 2008. The film is directed by Bruce Hendricks and produced by Art Repola.

The world television premiere on Disney Channel was on July 26, 2008. The Disney Channel premiere brought 5.9 million viewers.
Somerton Viaduct
The Somerton Viaduct is a historic railway viaduct in the town of Somerton in Somerset, England. It is situated on the Langport and Castle Cary Railway, known as the Castle Cary Cut-off, on the Reading to Taunton Line. It carries the railway over the River Cary.

The viaduct was opened in 1906.  The construction was overseen by Great Western Railway engineer P.A. Anthony.

Langport and Castle Cary Railway
The Langport and Castle Cary Railway is a railway line from Castle Cary railway station to Cogload Junction near Taunton, Somerset, England, which reduced the length of the journey from London to Penzance by 20+1⁄4 miles (32.6 km).
Meretrix lyrata
Meretrix lyrata, the lyrate Asiatic hard clam, also known simply as the hard clam (Vietnamese: Nghêu Bến Tre), is an edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.

This species occurs along the coasts of Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) and South China.

Veneridae
The Veneridae or venerids, common name: Venus clams, are a very large family of minute to large, saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. Over 500 living species of venerid bivalves are known, most of which are edible, and many of which are exploited as food sources.

Many of the most important edible species are commonly known (in the US) simply as "clams". Venerids make up a significant proportion of the world fishery of edible bivalves. The family includes some species that are important commercially, such as (in the US) the hard clam or quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria.
Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine
The Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine is an all-alloy inline-four engine series produced by Alfa Romeo from 1954 to 1994. In Italian it is known as the "bialbero" ("twin-shaft"), and has also been nicknamed the "Nord" (North) engine in reference to its being built in Portello, Milan (later Arese, close to Milan), in the North of Italy and to distinguish it from the Alfa Romeo Boxer engine built in the South (Sud) for the Alfasud.

Stroke ratio
Stroke ratio, today universally defined as  bore/stroke ratio, is a term to describe the ratio between cylinder bore diameter and piston stroke length in a reciprocating piston engine.  This can be used for either an internal combustion engine, where the fuel is burned within the cylinders of the engine, or external combustion engine, such as a steam engine, where the combustion of the fuel takes place outside the working cylinders of the engine.
Enforcement Directive
Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (also known as "(IPR) Enforcement Directive" or "IPRED") is a European Union directive in the field of intellectual property law, made under the Single Market provisions of the Treaty of Rome. The directive covers civil remedies only—not criminal ones.

Under Article 3(1), Member States can be censured in the European Court of Justice if their civil procedures on the infringement of intellectual property rights are "unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays". Otherwise the Directive harmonises the rules on standing, evidence, interlocutory measures, seizure and injunctions, damages and costs and judicial publication.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
2011 Faroe Islands Cup
The 2011 Faroe Islands Cup was the 57th edition of the Faroe Islands domestic football cup. It started on 26 March 2011 and ended with the final on 8 August 2011. EB/Streymur were the defending champions, having won their third cup title the previous year. The winner of the competition will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.

Only the first teams of Faroese football clubs were allowed to participate. The preliminary round involved only teams from 1. deild, 2. deild and 3. deild competitions. Teams from the highest division entered the competition in the first round.

2010 Faroe Islands Cup
The 2010 Faroe Islands Cup started on 20 March 2010 and ended with the final on 6 August 2010. The defending champions were Víkingur Gøta, who won their first cup title in 2009.  The Cup was won by EB/Streymur after they beat ÍF Fuglafjørður in the final.  With the victory, EB/Streymur qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League.

Only the first teams of Faroese football clubs were allowed to participate. The Preliminary Round involved only teams from first, second and third deild. Teams from the highest division entered the competition in the first round.
2025 deaths in the United States
The following notable deaths in the United States occurred in 2025. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order.
A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:
Name, age, country of citizenship at birth and subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, year of birth (if known), and reference.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
J & J Ultralights
J & J Ultralights was an American aircraft manufacturer that was based at Wings ’N Sunset Airport in Live Oak, Florida. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes, including amphibious models. J & J Ultralights first produced aircraft in the 1980s, but was out of business before 2005. The company's designs were later produced by Leading Edge Air Foils and Kemmeries Aviation.

The company was founded by Roger and Ronavin Johnston. Operations encompassed aircraft design and manufacture, sales, support and flight training.

The company began producing the Tukan trike in the 1980s and in 1995 purchased the rights to the Seawing amphibious trike. By 2003 the company had 200 aircraft flying and another 150 kits under construction by customers.

Ultralight trike
An ultralight trike or paratrike is a type of powered hang glider where flight control is by weight-shift. These aircraft have a fabric flex-wing from which is suspended a tricycle fuselage pod driven by a pusher propeller. The pod accommodates either a solo pilot, or a pilot and a single passenger. Trikes grant affordable, accessible, and exciting flying, and have been popular since the 1980s.

Trikes are classified as microlights in Europe, and as light-sport aircraft in the United States.  The aircraft are also known by other names, including 2-axis microlights, flex-wing trikes,  microlight trikes, deltatrikes or motorized deltaplanes.  In the United States, they are formally recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as weight-shift-control aircraft.
2016 Asia Rugby Championship
The 2016 Asia Rugby Championship, or ARC, was the second annual tri-nations series for top-level rugby union in Asia and the twenty-ninth continental championship for the Asia Rugby nations. The Asia Rugby Championship replaced the former Asian Five Nations in 2015, with only three nations competing in the top division instead of the previous five. The 2016 series included Hong Kong, Japan and South Korea. Other Asian nations competed in the lower division tournaments.

The format of the competition is a double round-robin where the top-three nations play each other twice on a home and away basis. The team finishing on top of the standings is declared the winner, and the bottom-placed team is subject to a promotion-relegation play-off against the winner of Division 1, although this opportunity to challenge is often declined.

Asia Rugby Championship
The Asia Rugby Championship, or ARC, is an annual rugby union competition held amongst national rugby sides within the Asia Rugby region. The competition was originally known as the Asian Rugby Football Tournament when founded in 1969, and was called the Asian Five Nations from 2008 to 2014.

The winner of the competition's top division is recognised as the rugby champion of Asia. The top division, sometimes referred to as the Tri Nations, includes the top three Asian teams each season. Division 1 includes the next four teams and Division 2 includes the next four. Division three is  further divided geographically, with each of the West, East and South Central divisions including three teams.

Japan is the most successful team, securing 25 out of a possible 30 titles since 1969. They have not participated in the series since 2017.
Croatian Australians
Croatian Australians (Croatian: Hrvatski Australci), Australian Croats (Australski Hrvati) or Croats in Australia (Hrvati u Australiji) are Australians of Croatian ancestry. Croatia has been a source of migrants to Australia, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s.

Simon Katich
Simon Matthew Katich (born 21 August 1975) is an Australian cricket coach and former cricketer. He captained New South Wales and also, until the end of the 2007 season, Derbyshire County Cricket Club. Katich also played for Lancashire, represented his birth state of Western Australia and played in the Indian Premier League for Kings XI Punjab. Katich was also a member of the Australian team that won the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy.

He played primarily as a left-handed opening batsman and part-time left-arm unorthodox spin bowler. He played 56 Test matches for Australia from 2001 to 2011. On 12 June 2012 Katich retired from first-class cricket in Australia, but returned to play for Western Australia in 2013.  In August 2019, Katich was appointed as the head coach for Royal Challengers Bangalore, and was present at the 2020 IPL Player Auction in Kolkata in December 2019.

He is also a commentator for SEN Radio and the Seven Network.
Child harness
A child harness (alternative: child tether, walking harness, British English: walking reins) is a safety device sometimes worn by children when walking with a parent or carer. Child harnesses are most commonly used with toddlers and children of preschool age, though they may also be used with older children, especially if they have special supervisory needs such as ADHD or autism. Various types exist, though all are worn by the child and have a lead (tether) or rein which is held by a parent or caregiver. As child harness designs and purposes have evolved with cultural norms and parenting techniques, they have become subject to common debate.

Baby transport
Various methods of transporting children have been used in different cultures and times. These methods include baby carriages (prams in British English), infant car seats, portable bassinets (carrycots), strollers (pushchairs), slings, backpacks, baskets and bicycle carriers.

The large, heavy prams (short for perambulator), which had become popular during the Victorian era, were replaced by lighter designs during the latter half of the 1900s.
WBWH-LP
WBWH-LP is a low-power FM radio station operating at 96.1 MHz in Bluffton, Ohio.  It is the campus and community radio station owned and operated by Bluffton University. WBWH-LP offers a diversified programming schedule geared to university students and the residents of Bluffton. Its power output of 66 watts serves the community of Bluffton exclusively. WBWH-LP broadcasts many of the athletic events on campus, including football, volleyball, basketball, and baseball games. The call letters WBWH-LP stand for Beavers With Headphones-a tribute to the Bluffton mascot, which is a beaver.

Smooth jazz
Smooth jazz is a commercially oriented style crossover jazz music. Although often described as a “genre,” it remains a debated and sometimes controversial topic among jazz musicians and critics. As a radio format, however, smooth jazz radio became the successor to easy listening music on radio station programming from the mid-1970s through the early 1990s.
Noir de Golzinne
Noir de Golzinne is the only Belgian black (Devonian/Frasnian) limestone (see Noir Belge) that is still exploited today. It is named after the quarry in the Belgian hamlet of Golzinne near Gembloux in the Walloon Region. "Noir de Golzinne" is also the trade name of the geological vein that is currently exploited in nearby Mazy. The names "Mazy" and "Golzinnes" are often used simultaneously.

Gembloux
Gembloux (French: [ʒɑ̃blu] ⓘ; Walloon: Djiblou; Dutch: Gembloers [ˈɣɛmbluːrs]) is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

On 1 January 2006, the municipality had 21,964 inhabitants. The total area is 95.86 km2, yielding a population density of 229 inhabitants per km2. The mayor, who was elected on 8 October 2006, is Benoît Dispa.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Beuzet, Bossière, Bothey, Corroy-le-Château, Ernage, Gembloux, Grand-Leez, Grand-Manil, Isnes, Lonzée, Mazy, and Sauvenière.

This city is well known for its Agricultural University and for its cutlery. The university is housed in the historical Abbey of Gembloux, which dates from the tenth century.

Gembloux's belfry is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, in recognition of its architecture and testimony to the rise in municipal power in the area.
Takiat Ibrahim
Al-Takiya Al-Ibrahimiya (Arabic: التكية الإبراهيمية, lit. 'Abraham's corner'), also known as Takiat Ibrahim, is a charitable organization located near the Ibrahimi Mosque in the city of Hebron, in the West Bank.

Imaret
Imaret, sometimes also known as a darüzziyafe, is one of several names used to identify the public soup kitchens built throughout the Ottoman Empire from the 14th to the 19th centuries. These public kitchens were often part of a larger complex known as a külliye, which could include hospices, mosques, caravanserais, and colleges. The imarets provided food that was free of charge to specific groups of people and unfortunate individuals. Imarets were not invented by the Ottomans but developed under their rule as highly structured groups of buildings.