hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norton's dome
Norton's dome is a thought experiment that exhibits a non-deterministic system within the bounds of Newtonian mechanics. It was devised by John D. Norton in 2003. It is a special limiting case of a more general class of examples from 1997 by Sanjay Bhat and Dennis Bernstein. The Norton's dome problem can be regarded as a problem in physics, mathematics, and philosophy.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
2018 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 2018 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were the World Championship for cyclo-cross for the season 2017–18. These were held in Valkenburg in the Netherlands on Saturday 3 and Sunday 4 February 2018. The championships featured five events; men's races for elite, under-23 and junior riders, and women's races for elite and under-23 riders.

UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.
Paul Brook
52°35′07.3″N 2°07′14.1″W﻿ / ﻿52.585361°N 2.120583°W﻿ / 52.585361; -2.120583

Paul Brook is a professional British presenter, author, mentalist and online streamer. He has written over forty books on the subject of mentalism, in particular psychological mind reading. Brook is also a Vegan, Atheist and a Skeptic.

Marc Paul
Marc Paul (born 29 May 1968) is a United Kingdom-based mentalist and magician.

Paul starred in his own TV series Mind Games on the short-lived UK cable channel L!ve TV. Other television credits include:

Paul Daniels' Secrets (BBC1)

Michael Parkinson Show (BBC1)

Equinox – Secrets of the Psychics (Channel 4)

Paranormal World (ITV1)

Mysteries (BBC1)

Undercover Magic (Sky One)

Magic (BBC2)

Heroes of Magic (Channel 4)

Stuff the White Rabbit (BBC2)

Secrets (BBC1)

Trick on Two (BBC2)

Top of the Pops (BBC1)

Staggered (1994 Rank Films)
Inuit Arctic Business Alliance
Inuit Arctic Business Alliance is a partnership between three Alaska native corporations, the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, NANA Regional Corporation and Bering Straits Native Corporation. The alliance board is headed by Rex Rock.

NANA Regional Corporation
NANA Regional Corporation, Inc. (NANA) is one of thirteen Alaska Native Regional Corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) in settlement of Alaska Native land claims.  NANA was incorporated in Alaska on June 7, 1972. NANA is a for-profit corporation with a land base in the Kotzebue area in northwest Alaska. Its corporate office is in Kotzebue, Alaska. NANA's Alaska Native shareholders are of Inupiat descent.

The Northwest Arctic Native Association (now the Maniilaq Association) was NANA's predecessor, and played a key role in the effort to resolve Alaska Native land claims that led to passage of ANCSA. However, NANA is not an acronym today.

According to the 2021 Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI), NANA Regional Corporation is ranked no. 20 among 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.
Delta Sextantis
Delta Sextantis (δ Sex, δ Sextantis) is a solitary star in the equatorial constellation of Sextans. With an annual parallax shift of 10.13 mas, it lies at a distance of around 322 light years from the Sun. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of +5.25. According to the Bortle scale, that means it can be viewed from dark suburban skies.

This is a B-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of B9.5 V; just shy of being a cooler A-type star. It is estimated to have 2.6 times the Sun's mass and 3.25 times the radius of the Sun. It is 146 million years old, with a projected rotational velocity of 152 km/s. The star radiates 100 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 10,139 K.

B-type main-sequence star
A B-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type B. The spectral luminosity class is given as V. These stars have from 2 to 18 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 10,000 and 30,000 K.

B-type stars are luminous and blue-white. Their spectra have strong neutral helium absorption lines, which are most prominent at the B2 subclass, and moderately strong hydrogen lines. Examples include Regulus, Algol A and Acrux.
Saint Memmius
Saint Memmius (French: Menge, Meinge, Memmie) is venerated as the first bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne (now Châlons-en-Champagne), and founder of the diocese.
According to tradition, Memmius was a Roman citizen who was consecrated by Saint Peter and sent to Gaul to convert the people there to Christianity.

However, according to Flodoard, he was a contemporary of Saint Sixtus, bishop of Reims.  Memmius' sister, Saint Poma, is also venerated as a saint.

Sixtus of Reims
Saint Sixtus of Reims (French: Sixte de Reims) (died c. 300) is considered the first bishop of Reims.  According to Hincmar, a 9th-century archbishop of Reims, Sixtus was sent from Rome by Pope Sixtus II to Gaul to assist in Christianizing the region.  Another tradition makes him, anachronistically, the disciple of Saint Peter. 
According to tradition, Sixtus of Reims, along with his companion St. Sinicius (Sinice), established the Christian sees of Reims and Soissons.  Sinicius would later succeed Sixtus as bishop of Reims.  According to one source, “it would appear that Sixtus did not die as a martyr, despite the severity of the persecution during the era.”
Free Legion of Americans and the South (French Army)
The Free Legion of Americans and the South (French: Légion Franche des Américains et du Midi) (also known as the American Legion (French: Légion Américaine), the Légion Noire and the Légion de Saint-Georges) was a short-lived military legion of National Volunteers formed in December 1792 during the French Revolution and disbanded in March 1795.

The legion was notable for being composed entirely of free men of colour of both mixed-race and black heritage.

French West Indies
The French West Indies or French Antilles (French: Antilles françaises, [ɑ̃tij fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; Antillean Creole: Antiy fwansé) were the parts of France located in the Antilles islands of the Caribbean:

The two overseas departments of:
Guadeloupe, including the islands of Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, and La Désirade.
Martinique

The two overseas collectivities of:
Saint Martin, the northern half of the island with the same name, the southern half is Sint Maarten, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Saint Barthélemy
Bixzunavirus
Bixzunavirus (synonyms: I3-likeviruses and I3likevirus) is a genus of viruses in the subfamily Ceeclamvirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 18 species in this genus. Bixzunavirus were previously classified under the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae.

Myoviridae
Myoviridae was a family of bacteriophages in the order Caudovirales. The family Myoviridae and order Caudovirales have now been abolished, with the term myovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses in this former family. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There were 625 species in this family, assigned to eight subfamilies and 217 genera.
Locarno 2020 Film Festival
The Locarno 2020 – For the Future of Films was held in place of the 73rd Locarno Film Festival from 5 to 15 August 2020 in Locarno, Switzerland and online. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the 73rd festival was canceled and in its place was a hybrid of in-person and virtual screenings. No traditional Golden Leopard was awarded.

The 2020 festival screened 20 unfinished projects that were suspended due to the pandemic and awarded money to the winners: $73,000 (CHF 70,000) for each Pardo 2020 winner. Other festival awards also distributed money and the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation awarded $124,000 (CHF 100,000) worth of advertising on its channels to the SRG SSR Award winners. The opening film of the festival was First Cow by Kelly Reichardt.

Golden Leopard
The Golden Leopard (Italian: Pardo d'oro) is the top prize at the Locarno Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named the Golden Leopard in 1968. The festival was not held in 1951 and the prize was not awarded in 1956 and 1982. As of 2024 René Clair is the only director to have won the award twice, winning in the first two years of the festival.
Wometco Enterprises
Wometco Enterprises (also known simply as Wometco) is an American company headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida; a suburb of Miami. It was once a large media company with diversified holdings, but slowly sold off its assets during the early 1980s, and owned the Miami Seaquarium until it was sold in 2014.

Coral Gables, Florida
Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.

The city is a Mediterranean-themed planned community known for its historic and affluent character reinforced by its strict zoning, popular landmarks, and tourist sights.

The University of Miami is located in Coral Gables. With 16,479 faculty and staff as of 2021, the university is the largest employer in Coral Gables and second-largest employer in all of Miami-Dade County.
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager
IBM Storage Protect (formerly IBM Spectrum Protect / Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM)) is a data protection platform that gives enterprises a single point of control and administration for backup and recovery. It is the flagship product in the IBM Spectrum Protect (Tivoli Storage Manager) family.

It enables backups and recovery for virtual, physical and cloud environments of all sizes.

This product is part of the IBM Spectrum Software Defined Storage suite of products and is unrelated to the Tivoli Management Framework.

Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is a proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft using  Structured Query Language (SQL, often pronounced "sequel"). As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users.
Lysiphlebus testaceipes
Lysiphlebus testaceipes is a species of small braconid parasitoid wasp in the subfamily Aphidiinae. L. testaceipes can utilize numerous species of aphids as hosts and has often been used as a biological control agent against aphid pests. It is considered an invasive species in several European countries.

Braconidae
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis estimated a total between 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species.
Outline of social science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to social science:

Social science – main branch of science comprising scientific fields concerned with societies, human behaviour, and social relationships.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.
Alanngorsuaq
Alanngorsuaq is a 411-metre-high (1,348 ft) mountain in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland. It is located on the mainland of Greenland in Sisimiut valley, approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) east of the town.

Qeqqata
Qeqqata (Greenlandic pronunciation: [qɜqːata], Danish: Centrum, lit. 'Centre') is a municipality in western Greenland, operational from 1 January 2009. The municipality was named after its location in the central-western part of the country. Its population is 9,179 as of January 2025. The administrative center of the municipality is in Sisimiut (formerly called Holsteinsborg).
1997 South Korean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1997. The result was a victory for opposition candidate Kim Dae-jung, who won with 40% of the vote. When he took office in 1998, it marked the first time in Korean history that the ruling party peacefully transferred power to the opposition party.

Presidential elections in South Korea
Since the establishment of the First Republic in 1948, there have been 22 elections for president of South Korea (including the March 1960 election, whose results were invalidated after the April Revolution).

Prior to the Presidential Election Act of 1987, the elections were indirect. Since 1987, the president is elected directly by the public using plurality-with-primaries in a single, non-renewable five-year term.
2022 European Cadets and Juniors Fencing Championships
The 2022 European Cadets and Juniors Fencing Championships  took place in Novi Sad, Serbia, from 26 February to 7 March 2022 and were organised by the European Fencing Confederation, the recognised governing body of European fencing. On 2 March, and following the IOC recommendations, that FIE Executive Committee decided not to invite or allow the participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials in FIE competitions until further notice.

European Cadets and Juniors Fencing Championships
The European Cadets and Juniors Fencing Championships, sometimes referred to as the European U17 and U20 Fencing Championships, are an annual fencing competition organized by the European Fencing Confederation (EFC), featuring Europe’s top athletes in the cadet (under 17) and junior (under 20) age categories. The event includes individual and team competitions across all three weapons: foil, épée, and sabre.
Louisiana State Police
The Louisiana State Police (French: Police d’Etat de Louisiane) is the state police agency of Louisiana, which has jurisdiction anywhere in the state, headquartered in Baton Rouge. It falls under the authority of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections. It is officially known in that organization as the Office of State Police.

The Louisiana State Police is a premier law enforcement agency in Louisiana and was accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) from 2003 to 2008. The agency voluntarily ceased its association with CALEA in 2008.

Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Ouachita Parish is a parish located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,368. The parish seat and largest city is Monroe. The parish was formed in 1807.

Ouachita Parish is part of the Monroe, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located here is Watson Brake, the oldest indigenous earthwork mound complex in North America. It was built around 3500 BC, making it older than the Ancient Egyptian pyramids or Britain's Stonehenge. It is on privately owned land and not available for public viewing.
Bev Oda
Beverley Joan "Bev" Oda PC (born July 27, 1944) is a retired Canadian politician. She was a member of the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first Japanese-Canadian MP and cabinet minister in Canadian history. She represented the riding of Durham for the Conservative Party of Canada. She was appointed Minister of Canadian Heritage and Status of Women on February 6, 2006. She was appointed Minister for International Cooperation on August 14, 2007. On July 3, 2012, Oda announced she was resigning her seat in the House of Commons effective at the end of the month following public controversy about her spending habits; she was dropped from Cabinet the following day.

Japanese Canadians
Japanese Canadians (日系カナダ人, Nikkei Kanadajin; French: Canadiens japonais) are Canadian citizens of Japanese ancestry. Japanese Canadians are mostly concentrated in Western Canada, especially in the province of British Columbia, which hosts the largest Japanese community in the country with the majority of them living in and around Vancouver. In 2016, there were 121,485 Japanese Canadians throughout Canada.
Duisburg-Hochfeld Railway Bridge
The Duisburg–Hochfeld railway bridge (German: Duisburg-Hochfelder Eisenbahnbrücke) spans the Rhine in the German city of Duisburg on the Duisburg-Ruhrort–Mönchengladbach line. The first bridge was built by the Rhenish Railway Company and put into operation at the end of 1873. It was replaced by a new bridge in 1927, which was badly damaged during the Second World War, but rebuilt and is still serves rail traffic between the Ruhr region and Aachen.

Deutsche Reichsbahn
The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn]), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
PSMA scan
A PSMA scan is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. It is carried out by injection of a radiopharmaceutical with a positron or gamma emitting radionuclide and a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting ligand. After injection, imaging of positron emitters such as gallium-68 (68Ga), copper-64 (64Cu), and fluorine-18 (18F) is carried out with a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. For gamma emitters such as technetium-99m (99mTc) and indium-111 (111In) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is performed with a gamma camera.

As well as the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer, PSMA imaging can also be used to assess suitability for and plan treatment with external beam radiotherapy and PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II
TAH molecule, also known as  N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I (NAALADase I), NAAG peptidase, or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 (folate hydrolase 1) gene. Human GCPII contains 750 amino acids and weighs approximately 84 kDa.

GCPII  is a zinc metalloenzyme that resides in membranes. Most of the enzyme resides in the extracellular space. GCPII is a class II membrane glycoprotein. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) to glutamate and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) according to the reaction scheme to the right.

Neuroscientists primarily use the term NAALADase in their studies, while those studying folate metabolism use folate hydrolase, and those studying prostate cancer or oncology, PSMA. All refer to the same protein glutamate carboxypeptidase II.
Braidfauld
Braidfauld is a small area of Glasgow, Scotland which is in the East End of the city slightly north of the River Clyde and south of the Tollcross area. It was also the name of the 45th ward of Glasgow City Council, prior to the re-organisation into multi-member wards in 2007.

Braidfauld ward, extending from Parkhead to Sandyhills, was an artificial creation and few residents recognised the name other than as a sub-district of the area, feeling more affinity (depending on where they lived) with neighbouring areas such as Lilybank, Parkhead and Tollcross. It is now within the larger Shettleston ward.

Sandyhills
Sandyhills is an area of the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde and has fallen within the Shettleston ward of Glasgow City Council since 2007.

The area is bordered by Shettleston to the west, Barrachnie (part of Baillieston) to the east, Mount Vernon to the south-east and Tollcross to the south-west; it is separated from Springboig to the north-west and Barlanark to the north-east by the North Clyde Line railway. A golf course bearing the Sandyhills name forms much of the southern boundary.  Most of the area's streets are named after towns and villages in Perthshire.
Posterior fontanelle
The posterior fontanelle (lambdoid fontanelle, occipital fontanelle) is a gap between bones in the human skull (known as fontanelle), triangular in form and situated at the junction of the sagittal suture and lambdoidal suture. It generally closes in 6–8 weeks from birth.  The cranial point in adults corresponding the fontanelle is called lambda. A delay in closure is associated with congenital hypothyroidism.

Lambdoid suture
The lambdoid suture, or lambdoidal suture, is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone. It is continuous with the occipitomastoid suture.
Orotukan
Orotukan (Russian: Оротука́н) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Yagodninsky District of Magadan Oblast, Russia, located in the Kolyma region about 300 kilometers (190 mi) north of Magadan, on the right bank of the Orotukan River (a tributary of the Kolyma). Its population has declined since the fall of the Soviet Union:  1,531 (2010 census); 2,760 (2002 census); 5,638 (1989 Soviet census).

R504 Kolyma Highway
59°35′18″N 150°49′54″E﻿ / ﻿59.58829°N 150.8317°E﻿ / 59.58829; 150.8317

The R504 Kolyma Highway (Russian: Федеральная автомобильная дорога «Колыма», Federal'naya Avtomobil'naya Doroga «Kolyma», "Federal Automobile Highway 'Kolyma'"), part of the M56 route, is a road through the Russian Far East. It connects Magadan with the town of Nizhny Bestyakh, located on the eastern bank of the Lena River, opposite of Yakutsk. At Nizhny Bestyakh the Kolyma Highway connects to the Lena Highway.

The Kolyma Highway has been colloquially called the Road of Bones (Russian: Дорога Костей Doróga Kostéy). Locally, the road is known as the Kolyma Route (Russian: Колымская трасса Kolýmskaya trássa).