hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euler (programming language)
Euler is a programming language created by Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber, conceived as an extension and generalization of ALGOL 60. The designers' goals were to create a language that is:

Simpler, yet more flexible, than ALGOL 60

Useful and processed with reasonable efficiency

Definable with rigorous formality

Available sources indicate that Euler was operational by 1965.

Simple precedence grammar
In computer science, a simple precedence grammar is a context-free formal grammar that can be parsed with a simple precedence parser.  The concept was first created in 1964 by Claude Pair, and  was later rediscovered,  from ideas due to Robert Floyd, by Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber who published a paper, entitled EULER: a generalization of ALGOL, and its formal definition, published in 1966 in the Communications of the ACM.
Fiordland College
Fiordland College is a co-educational state secondary school for years 7–13 students. It is one of the two schools in Te Anau, New Zealand. Te Anau is situated on the shores of Lake Te Anau, at the gateway to Fiordland National Park, New Zealand's largest national park. Fiordland College is very involved in environmental education. It has been involved in the Kids Restore the Kepler project for a number of years. Through this, students are offered a vast range of opportunities including wildlife encounters, conservation projects and personal developments opportunities. Fiordland College also has a range of sporting teams such as netball, rugby, field hockey, and kī-o-rahi.

Fiordland National Park
Fiordland National Park is a national park in the south-west corner of South Island of New Zealand. It is the largest of the 13 national parks in New Zealand, with an area covering 12,607 km2 (4,868 sq mi), and a major part of the Te Wāhipounamu a UNESCO World Heritage Site established in 1990. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC). The southern ranges of the Southern Alps cover most of Fiordland National Park, combined with the deep glacier-carved valleys.

The park is a significant refuge for many threatened native animals, ranging from dolphins and bats to reptiles, insects, and endangered species of birds endemic to New Zealand, such as the takahē,  mōhua, kākāpō, and southern brown kiwi.
Shimon the Varangian
Šimon (Old Norse: Sigmundr) was a Varangian (Viking) whose story is related in the Kievan Patericon and his story concerns the creation of the Kievan cave monastery, where he is reported to have been its most important donor.

Omeljan Pritsak
Omeljan Yosypovych Pritsak (Ukrainian: Омелян Йосипович Пріцак; 7 April 1919 – 29 May 2006) was the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University and the founder and first director (1973–1989) of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
Rocket Lab Neutron
Neutron is a partially reusable, medium-lift, two-stage launch vehicle under development by Rocket Lab. Announced on March 1, 2021, the vehicle is designed to be capable of delivering a payload of 13,000 kg (28,700 lb) to low Earth orbit in a partially reusable configuration, and will focus on the growing megaconstellation satellite delivery market. First launch is expected after the first quarter of 2026.

Satellite constellation
A satellite constellation is a group of artificial satellites working together as a system. Unlike a single satellite, a constellation can provide permanent global or near-global coverage, such that at any time everywhere on Earth at least one satellite is visible. Satellites are typically placed in sets of complementary orbital planes and connect to globally distributed ground stations. They may also use inter-satellite communication.
Ana Baletić
Ana Baletić (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Ана Балетић) is a Montenegrin professional basketball player. She represented the Montenegrin national team. Standing at 1.85m (6 ft 1 in) she plays small forward, but she is capable of covering power forward as well.

EuroBasket Women 2011
The 2011 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 2011, was the 33rd regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Poland from 18 June to 3 July 2011. This was the 4th time that the EuroBasket Women was hosted by Poland.

Russia won its third title after defeating Turkey in the final. It was Russia's 6th final after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, while Turkey played final for the 1st time. The result score was 59–42 in favor of Russia, and it was Russia's 3rd title in the competition and first since 2007.
Zuid, Suriname
Zuid (English: South) is a resort in Suriname, located in the Para District. Its population at the 2012 census was 6,113. The main ethnic groups are indigenous, Creoles, and mixed race.

Villages which are located in Zuid are Berlijn, Cabendadorp, Hollandse Kamp, Matta, Onverdacht, Pikin Saron, Sabakoe, Witsanti and Zanderij which is near the Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport, the main airport of Suriname.

Sabakoe
Sabakoe is an Amerindian hamlet in Para District,  Suriname, located near Zanderij. It is also the Surinamese name of little blue herons, which is used as the logo of Surinam Airways.

Sabakoe is located in the savannah along the Sabakoe Creek about an hour's walk from Berlijn. In 1904, it was described as a tiny hamlet. As of 2022, it is not listed as an official Amerindian settlement.
Aptian extinction
The Aptian extinction event (AEE) was an extinction event that occurred during the Aptian stage of the early Cretaceous Period around 116 or 117 million years ago. It has sometimes been termed the mid-Aptian extinction event. It is classified as a minor extinction event, rather than a major event like the famous Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that brought about the end of the Mesozoic Era.

Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. Such an event is identified by a sharp fall in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms. It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the background extinction rate and the rate of speciation.

Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million years range from as few as five to more than twenty. These differences stem from disagreement as to what constitutes a "major" extinction event, and the data chosen to measure past diversity.
Crna River (Vrbas)
Crna River (Bosnian: Crna rijeka / Црна ријека, "Black River") is left tributary of Vrbas. It arises from Malo Lake (Malo jezero, "Little Lake", 780 m) of Balkana, Mrkonjić Grad Municipality. The lake fed by streams Cjepalo (1320 m) and Skakavac with mountain Lisina, as well as sublacustric  sources under the Veliko Lake (Veliko jezero, "Great Lake").

The river flows in the direction south-north and on the way runs through the town, and after a flow of 17 km flows into the Vrbas (at places Dabrac). It used to be known for numerous fish species and developed the sport fishing.

Mrkonjić Grad
Mrkonjić Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Мркоњић Град, pronounced [mr̩koɲit͡ɕ grad]) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Bosanska Krajina region, between Banja Luka and Jajce. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 16,671 inhabitants, while the town of Mrkonjić Grad has a population of 7,915 inhabitants.

The municipality consists of the following 22 local communities: Baljvine, Bjelajce, Baraći, Gerzovo, Gustovara, Podgorija, Magaljdol, Medna, Gornja Pecka, Gornji Šehovci, Stupari, Podrašnica, Podbrdo, Majdan, Gornji Graci, Orahovljani, Centar, Brkića Bašta, Kamenica, Novo Naselje, Zborište and Podorugla.
Pinewood Studios
Pinewood Studios is a British film and television studio located in the village Iver Heath, England, 18 miles (29 km) west of central London.

Opened in 1936, the studio has been the base for many productions from major films to television programmes, commercials, and pop promos, including the James Bond and Carry On film franchises.

Michael Grade
Michael Ian Grade, Baron Grade of Yarmouth (born 8 March 1943) is an English television executive and businessman. He has held a number of senior roles in television, including controller of BBC1 (1984–1986), chief executive of Channel 4 (1988–1997), chairman of the board of governors of the BBC (2004–2006), and executive chairman of ITV plc (2007–2009). He sat as a Conservative Party life peer in the House of Lords from 2011 until after his appointment as chair of Ofcom, beginning in May 2022, and became a non-affiliated peer.
Lekbeshi
Lekbeshi (Nepali: लेकबेशी) is an urban municipality located in Surkhet District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 180.92 square kilometres (69.85 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality as of 2011 Nepal census is 30,295 individuals. The municipality is divided into total 10 wards.

The municipality was established on 10 March 2017, when Government of Nepal restricted all old administrative structure and announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.

Lekhfarsa, Dasarathpur, Neta, Kalyan and Satokhani Village development committees were Incorporated to form this new municipality. The headquarters of the municipality is situated at Kalyan

Dasarathpur
Dasarathpur  is a village development committee in Surkhet District in the Bheri Zone of mid-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,384 in 596 individual households.
Verrucularina
Verrucularina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malpighiaceae.

Its native range is Brazil.

Species:

Verrucularina glaucophylla (A.Juss.) Rauschert

Verrucularina piresii (W.R.Anderson) Rauschert

Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 71 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World (the Caribbean and the southernmost United States to Argentina) and the rest in the Old World (Africa, Madagascar, and Indomalaya to New Caledonia and the Philippines).

One useful species in the family is Malpighia emarginata, often called acerola. The fruit is consumed in areas where the plant is native. The plant is cultivated elsewhere for the fruit, which is rich in vitamin C.

Another member of the family, caapi or yagé (Banisteriopsis caapi), is used in the entheogenic brew known as ayahuasca.

One feature found in several members of this family, and rarely in others, is providing pollinators with rewards other than pollen or nectar; this is commonly in the form of nutrient oils (resins are offered by Clusiaceae).
Economic history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Before colonisation, the economy in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was mainly characterised by cultivation, hunting, fishing, and gathering.

During the colonial period, when the DRC was occupied by Belgium, products for export and cheap labour were prioritised over food production.

After gaining independence in 1960, the ensuing political turmoil resulted in severe economic dislocations. The DRC's enormous wealth in various minerals aided in the relief of the economy.

Today, poor infrastructure and corruption in the government results in stunted economic growth. Currency depreciation is also an issue.

Katanga Province
Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914.
It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaire), its official name was Shaba Province.

Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (192,000 sq mi). Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The eastern part of the province is a rich mining region which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo.
Memories of You: Remembering Joe Williams
Memories of You: Remembering Joe Williams is a 2003 studio album by Mark Murphy.

Memories of You is the 41st recorded album by American jazz vocalist Mark Murphy. It was recorded when Murphy was about to turn 71 years old and released by HighNote Records in the United States in 2003. The release is a collection of blues in tribute to Joe Williams, and includes many of his hits and the standards associated with him. Norman Simmons, who worked closely with Williams, was the producer, arranger and pianist for the album. Murphy recorded the tunes in The Studio, NYC.

HighNote Records
HighNote Records is a jazz record company and label founded by Joe Fields with his son, Barney Fields, in 1997.

Joe Fields worked for Prestige Records in the 1960s, and in the 1970s founded Muse Records. After he sold Muse, he started the HighNote and Savant labels with his son, Barney. Many of the artists on HighNote previously recorded for Muse.

The catalogue includes Cindy Blackman, Larry Coryell, Joey DeFrancesco, Charles Earland, Russell Gunn, Etta Jones, Sheila Jordan, Houston Person, and Jimmy Ponder.
Anna Pezzetta
Anna Pezzetta (born 6 March 2007) is an Italian figure skater. She is the 2025 Italian national champion and a four-time Challenger Series medalist (two golds, two silvers).

On the junior level, Pezzetta is the 2021 Italian junior national champion and competed at three World Junior Championships (2022, 2023, 2025).

Egna Spring Trophy
The Egna Spring Trophy (formerly the Gardena Spring Trophy) is an annual international figure skating competition which is generally held every spring in Val Gardena in Italy. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and pair skating. Since its inception in 1990, the event has included a junior-level competition. Novice categories were added in 2006 and senior categories in 2011. An ice dance competition, the Egna Dance Trophy, debuted in February 2018.
East Kowloon line
The Smart and Green Mass Transit System in East Kowloon (Chinese: 東九龍智慧綠色集體運輸系統), also known as the East Kowloon line, is a proposed Hong Kong rapid transit line that would run from Diamond Hill to Tseung Kwan O New Town. The route would pass through the hilly Sau Mau Ping residential area, which is not directly served by any local railway service at present. The scheme was first revealed by the Hong Kong Government in the "Railway Development Strategy 2014" as East Kowloon line (Chinese: 東九龍綫), published September 2014. The project is related to the government-led redevelopment of the East Kowloon area as well as planned residential development in the Anderson Road/Sau Mau Ping district.

Diamond Hill
Diamond Hill is a hill in the east of Kowloon, Hong Kong. The name also refers to the area on or adjacent to the hill. It is surrounded by Ngau Chi Wan, San Po Kong, Wong Tai Sin and Tsz Wan Shan. Its northeast is limited by the ridge. It is principally a residential district. Administratively, the area is part of Wong Tai Sin District.
Kayalpattinam railway station
Kayalpattinam railway station is a station in Kayalpattinam, Thoothukudi district, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It belongs to the Madurai railway division. The Tirunelveli – Tiruchendhur railway line was laid and inaugurated by the British Indian government in 1923 mainly for raw materials export, This region is famous for salt production, in early days salt and sugar were major exports through this route. The 70 km meter gauge line was closed 2006 for gauge conversion and the broad gauge line was inaugurated in 2009. This section was electrified on 2022.

Tirunelveli–Tiruchendur line
The Tirunelveli –Tiruchendur line connects the cities of Tirunelveli and Tiruchendur in the state of Tamil Nadu in Southern Railway zone. The line was opened in February 1923 as metre-gauge line by South Indian Railway.
Piper's Hole
Piper's Hole is a sea cave located on Tresco, an island of the Isles of Scilly. The name Piper's Hole can also refer to another, more minor, sea cave in the Isles of Scilly, located on Penninis Head, St Mary's.

Peninnis Head
Peninnis Head (Cornish: Penn Enys, meaning island head) is the southernmost point of St Mary's, Isles of Scilly. The headland is within the Isles of Scilly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and part of the Heritage Coast. It is also a Geological Conservation Review site for its Quaternary geomorphology and was first designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1971 for both its biological and geological interests.   All of the land designated as Peninnis Head SSSI is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall. On the tip of the headland is a squat lighthouse built in 1911 by Trinity House as a replacement for the 17th century lighthouse on St Agnes.

The Gilstone, a prominent rock off the eastern side of Peninnis Head, should not be confused with a rock of the same name in the Western Rocks.
Ayyavazhi holy sites
The holy places of Ayyavazhi includes the following

Primary Pathis

Swamithope pathi

Ambala Pathi

Mutta Pathi

Thamaraikulam Pathi

Poo Pathi

Other Pathis

Vaikunda pathi

Vakai Pathi

Avathara Pathi

Primary Thangals

Chettikudiyiruppu

Agastheeswaram

Paloor

Sundavilai

Vadalivilai

Kadambankulam

Pambankulam

Other Important Thangals

Vellai Chuvamiyar Pathi

Veppankattu Pathi

Pazhavar

Sidambara puram

Kalakkadu

Thysaiyan Vilai

Other holy sites

Vaikunda Malai

Marunthuvazh Malai

Avathara Pathi
Avathara Pathi, the Ayya Vaikundar Avatar site is one of the primary holy places in Ayyavazhi, situated in Thiruchendur. Positioned along the sea shore, it lies about half a mile south of the Subramaniya Swamy Temple. The sacred "Makara Theertham," the principal sea-Teertha, is also found at this location.

According to Akilattirattu Ammanai (the holy text of Ayyavazhi) Lord Narayana  incarnated as Ayya Vaikundar and arose from the sea at this place. In honour of this event the Avatharappathi is erected there. This was not included in Panchappathi.
Jesse Dayton
Jesse Dayton is an American musician and record producer from Austin, Texas best known for his guitar contributions to albums by country musicians including Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, and Willie Nelson. He is also notable for his collaborations with horror film director Rob Zombie, who has commissioned Dayton on multiple occasions to record music to accompany his films.

The Supersuckers
The Supersuckers (formerly known as The Black Supersuckers) are an American rock band, formed in 1988, whose music is influenced by both hard rock and country. AllMusic describes the band as "the bastard sons of Foghat, AC/DC, and ZZ Top after being weaned on punk rock, unafraid of massive guitar riffs, outsized personalities, or pledging allegiance to sex, weed, and Satan with a wink and a nudge."

Bassist/singer Eddie Spaghetti (real name Edward Daly) leads the band and is its only constant member. Their current lineup also includes guitarist Marty Chandler and drummer Christopher von Streicher. Their most recent album, Liquor, Women, Drugs & Killing, was released in October 2025.
Novokirghiz
The Novokirghiz or New Kirghiz is a modern Kyrgyz breed of horse. It was developed in the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic in the mid-twentieth century through cross-breeding of the traditional Kyrgyz Horse of the region with introduced horses of Thoroughbred, Don and Anglo-Don stock.

Draft horse
A draft horse (US) or draught horse (UK), also known as dray horse, carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to pull heavy loads and work agricultural tasks such as plowing. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but all share common traits of strength, patience, and a docile temperament. While indispensable to generations of pre-industrial farmers, draft horses today are used for many purposes such as driving, logging, and farming, as well as recreation and showing. Draft horses have been crossed with light riding breeds such as the Thoroughbred to create sport horse and warmblood breeds.
Briesen (Mark)
Briesen (Mark) (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁiːzn̩] ⓘ; Polish: Brzezin) is a village and a municipality in the Oder-Spree district, Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated east of the capital Berlin, between the towns Fürstenwalde and Frankfurt an der Oder. Briesen was first mentioned in 1403.

Fürstenwalde
Fürstenwalde/Spree (German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁstn̩ˌvaldə] ⓘ; Lower Sorbian: Pśibor pśi Sprjewje [ˈpɕibɔr ˈpɕi sprʲɛwʲɛ]) is the most populous town in the Oder-Spree District of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany.
Maurice T. Moloney
Maurice T. Moloney (July 26, 1849 – March 9, 1917) was an American lawyer.

Born in County Kerry, Ireland, Moloney emigrated to the United States in 1867. He studied at the Roman Catholic Seminary of Our Lady of Angels at Niagara Falls, New York and then studied theology in Latrobe, Pennsylvania and Wheeling, West Virginia. Moloney then studied law at the University of Virginia School of Law and graduated in 1871. He then moved to Ottawa, Illinois and was admitted to the Illinois bar. Moloney practiced law in Ottawa, Illinois and served as city attorney. From 1884 to 1888, Moloney served as state's attorney for LaSalle County, Illinois and was a Democrat. Moloney served as Illinois Attorney General from 1893 to 1897. In 1899, Moloney was elected mayor of Ottawa, Illinois. Moloney died suddenly at his home in Ottawa, Illinois.

Illinois Attorney General
The Illinois attorney general is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States.  Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by statewide election.  Based in Chicago and Springfield, the attorney general is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies, including the governor of Illinois and Illinois General Assembly, as well as conducting all legal affairs pertaining to the state.

The office of Illinois Attorney General was established on December 3, 1818, based on guidelines adopted by a state constitutional convention. The attorney general is second (behind the lieutenant governor) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Illinois. The first person to fulfill the duties of the office was Daniel Pope Cook who only served eleven days, and was later elected to the United States Congress. Cook County was named in his honor.

The current holder of the office is Kwame Raoul.
Louis Eliot
Hon. Louis Robert Eliot (born 11 April 1968) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist, formerly of Kinky Machine and currently Rialto. He is the second son of Peregrine Eliot (1941–2016) and Hon. Jacquetta Jean Frederika Lampson, third daughter of the Scottish diplomat Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn. In the early 1980s, his father held Elephant Fayre at their home Port Eliot. In 1988, his father succeeded as the 10th Earl of St Germans. His parents divorced in 1989.

He had an elder brother, Jago, Lord Eliot (1966–2006), and has a younger brother, Hon. Francis Michael (born 1971). He was educated at Eton.

As a child, Eliot was taught guitar by Hawkwind guitarist Huw Lloyd-Langton. He attended Chelsea School of Art.

His first cousins, through his mother's younger sister, are Oscar-winning composer Atticus Ross (also of band Nine Inch Nails), producer Leopold Ross, and model Liberty Ross.

Leopold Ross
Leopold "Leo" Ross is an English musician, record producer, recording engineer and music programmer. Leopold is a guitarist for LA-based band Io Echo. He is best known for his collaborations with his brother Atticus Ross on various film and television scores.