hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Doubles
David Goffin and Pierre-Hugues Herbert were the defending champions, but Goffin chose to compete at the 2020 ATP Cup instead, while Herbert chose not to participate this week.

Rohan Bopanna and Wesley Koolhof won the title, defeating Luke Bambridge and Santiago González in the final, 3–6, 6–2, [10–6].

2020 ATP Cup
The 2020 ATP Cup was the first edition of the ATP Cup, an international outdoor hard court men's team tennis tournament held by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Serving as the opener for the 2020 ATP Tour, it was the first ATP team tournament since the last edition of the World Team Cup in 2012. It was held on 3–12 January 2020 at three venues in the Australian cities of Brisbane, Perth, and Sydney.

Serbia won the tournament, defeating Spain 2–1 in the final.
Nundle Shire
Nundle Shire was a local government area in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

Nundle Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905.

The shire office was in Nundle.  Other towns in the shire included Woolomin.

Nundle Shire amalgamated with the City of Tamworth, Manilla Shire and parts of Parry Shire and Barraba Shire to form Tamworth Regional Council on 17 March 2004.

Parry Shire
Parry Shire was a local government area in New South Wales, Australia.

The former Parry Shire was located in the Liverpool Plains region and covered a broad area of countryside, south and east of the city of Tamworth.  It did not include any major town, but had several villages.  Parry Shire was formed in 1980 by the amalgamation of the former Peel Shire and Cockburn Shire.  Part of the Peel Shire area was re-allocated to the growing City of Tamworth area at that time.  Parry Shire was named because it occupied most of the land of Parry County, one of the cadastral ( survey and land registration ) divisions of New South Wales.  Parry County was named after Sir William Edward Parry, a director of the Australian Agricultural Company, an early major landholder in the area.

Parry Shire was abolished in a local government restructuring in 2004.  Most of the shire was incorporated into the new Tamworth Regional Council and the southern part was included in the new Liverpool Plains Shire.
Parotocinclus nandae
Parotocinclus nandae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguaçu River basin in Bahia, Brazil. The species was described in 2020 by Pablo Lehmann A., Priscila Camelier, and Angela Zanata and is distinguished by its congeners by its unique color pattern and differences in several morphological characteristics. The species reaches at least 4.62 cm (1.8 inches) SL. Females of this species are noted to have thick and rough skin in the interradial membrane of the pelvic fin, a trait which has not been reported from any other member of the order Siluriformes.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Mirza Jamal Javanshir
Mirza Jamal Javanshir (Persian: میرزا جمال جوانشیر, Russian: Мирза Джамал Джеваншир) was a secretary and historian under the Karabakh Khanate and later the Russian Empire. He is principally known as the author of the Persian-language historical chronicle Tarikh-e Qarabagh ("History of Karabakh").

George Bournoutian
George A. Bournoutian (Armenian: Ջորջ Բուռնութեան; Persian: جورج بورنوتیان‎; 25 September 1943 – 22 August 2021) was an Iranian-American professor, historian, and author of Armenian descent. He was a professor of history and the author of over 30 books, particularly focusing on Armenian history, Iran and the Caucasus. He taught Iranian history at UCLA, and Armenian history at Columbia University, Tufts University, New York University, Rutgers University, the University of Connecticut, Ramapo College, and Glendale Community College and Russian and Soviet history at Iona College. Bournoutian was one of the 40 editors of the Encyclopaedia Iranica.
United States intervention in Yemen
United States airstrikes in Yemen started after the September 11 attacks in the United States, when the US military attacked the Islamist militant presence in Yemen, in particular Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula using drone warfare.

With the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, the Saudi led coalition also attacked Houthi rebels using drone warfare. The Houthi military  have as well used drone warfare to attack the Saudi led coalition and pro Yemen government troops.

Marib Governorate
Marib (Arabic: مَأْرِب, romanized: Maʾrib) is a governorate of Yemen. It is located 173 kilometers to the northeast of Yemen's capital, Sanaa. The population of Marib Governorate comprises 1.2% of the country's total population. The city of Marib is the capital of the governorate, and was established after the discovery of oil deposits in 1984. The total number of residents living in the governorate was 238,522, according to the 2004 census, and the rate of growth was 2.72%.

As of 28 April 2020, it is the only governorate of the former North Yemen controlled by the internationally recognized Government of Yemen.
Gmina Sędziejowice
Gmina Sędziejowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Sędziejowice, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Łask and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 120.17 square kilometres (46.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,523.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
Villamarzana
Villamarzana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Venice and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Rovigo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,176 and an area of 14.1 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi).

The municipality of Villamarzana contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bastion, Boaria, Fondo Cuore, Gambero, Gognano, I Maggio, Preguerre, and Stongarde.

Villamarzana borders the following municipalities: Arquà Polesine, Costa di Rovigo, Frassinelle Polesine, Fratta Polesine, Pincara.

Fratta Polesine
Fratta Polesine (Venetian: Frata Połèzine) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Venice and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Rovigo. Its main attraction is Andrea Palladio's Villa Badoer.

Fratta Polesine is the birthplace of the Italian socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti, opponent of Fascism.
2009–10 Kilmarnock F.C. season
The 2009–10 season was Kilmarnock's eleventh consecutive season in the Scottish Premier League, having competed in it since its inauguration in 1998–99. Kilmarnock also competed in the Scottish Cup and the League Cup.

2009–10 Scottish League Cup
The 2009–10 Scottish League Cup was the 64th season of the Scotland's second most prestigious football knockout competition, also known for sponsorship reasons as the Co-operative Insurance Cup. Rangers won the cup beating St Mirren 1–0 thanks to a goal from Kenny Miller.

The format of the competition was changed due to six Scottish clubs qualifying for European competition, two SPL clubs entered in the First Round.
Hoërskool Brandwag (Uitenhage)
Die Brandwag Hoërskool is an Afrikaans medium school in Uitenhage (in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality), South Africa, with an academic orientation.

The school opened in 1937, and is named after a peak in the Drakensberg in Golden Gate Highlands National Park, called "The Sentinel" in English, which appears on the school's emblem. Its motto is "U dienswillige dienaar" (Your obedient servant), which was the title of the autobiography of Afrikaans literary figure Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven.

Athletic teams include rugby, netball, field hockey, tennis, cross country, cricket as well as swimming.

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala oMbaxa iNelson Mandela Bay; Afrikaans: Nelson Mandelabaai Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit) is one of eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province and comprises the city of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), the nearby towns of Uitenhage and Despatch, and the surrounding rural area.

The name "Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality" was chosen to honour former President Nelson Mandela.
Blauwgrond
Blauwgrond is a resort in Suriname, located in the Paramaribo District.  Its population at the 2012 census was 31,483. Blauwgrond started as a Javanese village to the north of Paramaribo. During the 1960s and 1970s, large scale building projects turned the village into a neighbourhood of Paramaribo, and is mainly known as the Javanese culinary centre with many warungs and restaurants. The resort was called Blauwgrond (English: Blue Ground), because the earth had a bluish colour.

Leonsberg is a former coffee plantation in the northern part of Blauwgrond. It was founded by A. Léon in 1819. At Leonsberg there is a ferry to Nieuw-Amsterdam.

Nieuw Amsterdam, Suriname
Nieuw Amsterdam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌniu ɑmstərˈdɑm]) is the capital of the Commewijne District in Suriname. It is a small coastal town situated at the confluence of the Suriname River and Commewijne River, just across from Paramaribo, the country's capital. Its population at the 2012 census was 5,650, with around 1,200 people living in the main town, most of whom are of Javanese and East Indian origin. It is the location of the historical Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam, today an open-air museum. The town of Mariënburg with former sugarcane factory is located 3 km from Nieuw Amsterdam and part of the resort.
Haplogroup HIJK
Haplogroup HIJK, defined by the SNPs F929, M578, PF3494 and S6397, is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. Like its parent macrohaplogroup GHIJK, Haplogroup HIJK and its subclades comprise the vast majority of the world's male population.

HIJK branches subsequently into two direct descendants: IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) and H (L901/M2939). IJK in turn splits into IJ (F-L15) and K (M9). The descendants of Haplogroup IJ are haplogroups I and J, while Haplogroup K is, ultimately, the ancestor of major haplogroups M, N, O,  P, Q, R, S, L, and T.

Haplogroup S-B254
Haplogroup S also known as S-B254 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by the SNPs B254 and Z33355. Until 2016, it was known as Haplogroup S1.

S-M254 is the most common haplogroup among males in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. It is also relatively common in some parts of Oceania, Wallacea and among indigenous Australians.

In a major correction to the phylogenetic tree during 2016, Haplogroup S-M230 was "demoted" from the position of basal clade S*, becoming S1a1b, while S-B254 was "promoted" in its place to the level of S*.

It has two primary subclades: S1 (B255) and S2 (P378). The existence of a third subclade, defined by the SNP, P336 has not been confirmed.
Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale
Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale is permitted by the International Whaling Commission, under limited conditions. While whaling is banned in most parts of the world, some of the Native peoples of North America, including the Inuit and Iñupiat peoples in Alaska, continue to hunt the Bowhead whale. Aboriginal whaling is valued for its contribution to food stocks (subsistence economy) and to cultural survival, although the days of commercial whaling in the United States and in Canada are over.

Aboriginal whaling
Aboriginal whaling or indigenous whaling is the hunting of whales by indigenous peoples recognised by either IWC (International Whaling Commission) or the hunting is considered as part of indigenous activity by the country. It is permitted under international regulation, but in some countries remains a contentious issue. (The hunting of smaller cetaceans is covered at Dolphin drive hunting.) It is usually considered part of the subsistence economy. In some places, whaling has been superseded by whale watching instead. This article deals with communities that continue to hunt; details about communities that have ended the practice may be found in History of whaling.
Spencerport, New York
Spencerport is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States, and a suburb of Rochester. The population was 3,685 at the 2020 census. The village is within the town of Ogden, along the Erie Canal.

Monroe County, New York
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of New York, located along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2022, the population was 752,035, according to Census Bureau estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Rochester. The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Monroe County is part of the upstate Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1719
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1719, adopted unanimously on October 25, 2006, after recalling resolutions on the situation in Burundi, including resolutions 1545 (2004), 1577 (2004), 1602 (2005), 1606 (2005), 1650 (2005) and 1692 (2006), the Council established the United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB) for an initial period of one year to assist in the country's long-term peace and stability.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1577
United Nations Security Council resolution 1577, adopted unanimously on 1 December 2004, after recalling Resolution 1545 (2004) on the situation in Burundi, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) for a period of six months until 1 June 2005.

The resolution was adopted amid continued debate over the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court between members of the Security Council.
Time-based one-time password
Time-based one-time password (TOTP) is a computer algorithm that generates a one-time password (OTP) using the current time as a source of uniqueness. As an extension of the HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) algorithm, it has been adopted as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 6238.

TOTP is a cornerstone of the Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH) and is used in a number of two-factor authentication (2FA) systems.

Unix time
Unix time is a date and time representation widely used in computing. It measures time by the number of non-leap seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, the Unix epoch. For example, at midnight on 1 January 2010, Unix time was 1262304000.

Unix time originated as the system time of Unix operating systems. It has come to be widely used in other computer operating systems, file systems, programming languages, and databases. In modern computing, values are sometimes stored with higher granularity, such as microseconds or nanoseconds.
Amortization (tax law)
In tax law, amortization refers to the cost recovery system for intangible property. Although the theory behind cost recovery deductions of amortization is to deduct from basis in a systematic manner over an asset's estimated useful economic life so as to reflect its consumption, expiration, obsolescence or other decline in value as a result of use or the passage of time, many times a perfect match of income and deductions does not occur for policy reasons.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
Svadhya
Svadhya is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an audava Shadava rāgam . It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes).

It is said to evoke intense self-reflection to the listener and Karuṇa rasa (pathos).

Janya
Janya is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a janya raga is one derived from one of the 72 melakarta ragas (fundamental melodic structures). Janya ragas are classified into various types based on a variety of features.
Bukit Tigapuluh National Park
Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (also called Bukit Tiga Puluh and Bukit Tigapulah) - The Thirty Hills - is a 143,223-hectare National Park in eastern Sumatra, consisting primarily of tropical lowland forest, largely in Riau province, with a smaller part of 33,000 ha in Jambi province.  It is famous as one of the last refuges of endangered species such as the Sumatran orangutan, Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephant, and Asian tapir, as well as many endangered bird species. It forms part of the Tesso Nilo Complex biodiversity hotspot. The Park is inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the Orang Rimba and Talang Mamak tribes.

The Park itself has been under consistent threat from illegal logging and palm oil plantations, with two-thirds of the park logged.

Marbled cat
The marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) is a small wild cat native from the eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia, where it inhabits forests up to an elevation of 2,500 m (8,200 ft). As it is present in a large range, it has been listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2015.

The marbled cat is closely related to the Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) and the bay cat (C. badia), all of which diverged from other felids about 9.4 million years ago.
1882 men's tennis season
The 1882 men's tennis season  incorporated 72 events. The Wimbledon Championships and Irish Championships was won by William Renshaw, the U.S. National Championships was won by Richard Sears collecting his second title. Other big winners were Richard Taswell Richardson picking up the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships and Ernest Renshaw winning the Princes Club Championships, The title leader this season was Robert W. Braddell winning 4 tournaments from 6 finals.

The season started in April in Brighton, England and ended in November in Melbourne, Australia.

Richard Sears (tennis)
Richard Dudley Sears (October 26, 1861 – April 8, 1943) was an American tennis player, who won the US National Championships singles in its first seven years, from 1881 to 1887, and the doubles for six years from 1882 to 1887, after which he retired from tennis.
Xinghua, Fengkai County
Xinghua (Chinese: 杏花; pinyin: Xìnghuā; lit. 'apricot blossom') is a town of Fengkai County in western Guangdong province, China, located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the county seat. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 11 villages under its administration.

Fengkai County
Fengkai County is a county in western Guangdong Province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhaoqing. It was formed in 1961 from the merger of Fengchuan and Kaijian Counties, which were formerly romanized as Fungchuan (Fungchun, Fungshun)  and Hoikin respectively.
Alvise Gritti
Alvise Gritti (also Ludovico or Lodovico Gritti, born 29 September 1480, died 1534, Hungarian: Gritti Alajos) was a Venetian politician. He was influential in the Hungarian Kingdom under the reign of King John I of Hungary. He was also a minister of the Ottoman sultan, and regent of Hungary from 1530 to 1534. He was the natural son of Andrea Gritti, the Venetian Bailo of Constantinople during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, who later became the Doge of Venice in 1523.

Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (c. 1495 – 15 March 1536), was the first grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire appointed by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

Ibrahim, born as Orthodox Christian, was enslaved during his youth. He and Suleiman became close friends in their youth. In 1523, Suleiman appointed Ibrahim as grand vizier to replace Piri Mehmed Pasha, who had been appointed in 1518 by Suleiman's father, the preceding Sultan Selim I. Ibrahim remained in office for the next 13 years. He attained a level of authority and influence rivaled by only a handful of other grand viziers of the Empire, but in 1536, he was executed on Suleiman's orders and his property (much of which was gifted to him by the Sultan) was confiscated by the state.
Reactive liquid extraction
A reactive liquid extraction process is a liquid-liquid extraction process that is intensified through a mechanism involving a reversible reaction between the extracted chemical species and a host chemical species constituting, or present in, the extractant.

Extraction (chemistry)
Stirrer bar

Still pot (the still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the Soxhlet chamber)

Distillation path

Thimble

Solid

Siphon top

Siphon exit

Expansion adapter

Condenser

Cooling water out

Cooling water in

Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent. The term washing may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.
Interactive children's book
Interactive children's books are a subset of children's books that require participation and interaction by the reader. Participation can range from books with texture to those with special devices used to help teach children certain tools. Interactive children's books may also incorporate modern technology or be computerized. Movable books, a subsection of interactive books, are defined as "covering pop-ups, transformations, tunnel books, volvelles, flaps, pull-tabs, pop-outs, pull-downs, and more, each of which performs in a different manner. Also included, because they employ the same techniques, are three-dimensional greeting cards."

Pop-up book
A pop-up book is any book with three-dimensional pages, often with elements that pop up as a page is turned. The terminology serves as an umbrella term for movable book, pop-ups, tunnel books, transformations, volvelles, flaps, pull-tabs, pop-outs, pull-downs, and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional greeting cards use the same principles.
Design and creation of such books in arts is sometimes called "paper engineering". This usage should not be confused with traditional paper engineering, the engineering of systems to mass-produce paper products.