hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Near-surface geophysics
Near-surface geophysics is the use of geophysical methods to investigate small-scale features in the shallow (tens of meters) subsurface. It is closely related to applied geophysics or exploration geophysics. Methods used include seismic refraction and reflection, gravity, magnetic, electric, and electromagnetic methods. Many of these methods were developed for oil and mineral exploration but are now used for a great variety of applications, including archaeology, environmental science, forensic science, military intelligence, geotechnical investigation, treasure hunting, and hydrogeology. In addition to the practical applications, near-surface geophysics includes the study of biogeochemical cycles.

Exploration geophysics
Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics and economic geology, which uses physical methods at the surface of the Earth, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties. It is most often used to detect or infer the presence and position of economically useful geological deposits, such as ore minerals; fossil fuels and other hydrocarbons; geothermal reservoirs; and groundwater reservoirs. It can also be used to detect the presence of unexploded ordnance.

Exploration geophysics can be used to directly detect the target style of mineralization by measuring its physical properties directly. For example, one may measure the density contrasts between the dense iron ore and the lighter silicate host rock, or one may measure the electrical conductivity contrast between conductive sulfide minerals and the resistive silicate host rock.
Norwood Systems
Norwood Systems is an Australian telecommunications software company headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. It provides cognitive, voice, messaging and data services for carriers, consumers and enterprises globally.

The company was founded by former 3Com Corporation executive Paul Ostergaard, in May 2015. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Cox's Road and Early Deviations - Linden, Linden Precinct
Cox's Road and Early Deviations – Linden, Linden Precinct is a heritage-listed former road and now fire trail and road at off Railway Parade, Linden, City of Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built by William Cox from 1814, with the assistance of a convict road party.. It is also known as Old Bathurst Road and Coxs Road. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 31 July 2015.

City of Blue Mountains
The City of Blue Mountains is a local government area of New South Wales, Australia, governed by the Blue Mountains City Council. The city is located in the Blue Mountains, on the Great Dividing Range at the far western fringe of the Greater Sydney area. Major settlements include Katoomba, Lawson, Springwood, and Blaxland.

The mayor of Blue Mountains City Council is Councillor Mark Greenhill, a member of the Labor Party.
Breton nationalism and World War II
Long before World War II, the various Breton nationalist organizations were often anti-French and anti-colonialist, opposed to the Central Government's policy of linguistic imperialism, and critical to varying degrees of post-French Revolution-style Republicanism. Some Breton nationalists were openly pro-fascist. The extent to which this led Breton nationalists into collaboration with the Axis Powers and their motivations, remains a matter of often bitter historical controversy and debate.

Olier Mordrel
Olier Mordrel (29 April 1901 – 25 October 1985) is the Breton language version of Olivier Mordrelle, a Breton nationalist and wartime collaborator with the Third Reich who founded the separatist Breton National Party. Before the war, he worked as an architect. His architectural work was influenced by Art Deco and the International style of Le Corbusier. He was also an essayist, short story writer, and translator. Mordrel wrote some of his works under the pen names Jean de La Bénelais, J. La B, Er Gédour, A. Calvez, Otto Mohr, Brython, and Olivier Launay.
Perron number
In mathematics, a Perron number is an algebraic integer α which is real and greater than 1, but such that its conjugate elements are all less than α in absolute value.  For example, the larger of the two roots of the irreducible polynomial  is a Perron number.

Perron numbers are named after Oskar Perron; the Perron–Frobenius theorem asserts that, for a real square matrix with positive algebraic entries whose largest eigenvalue is greater than one, this eigenvalue is a Perron number. (Conversely, it was shown in the late 20th century by Douglas Lind that the Perron numbers are in fact the "closure" of the natural numbers, realized after only one iteration of taking spectral radii of aperiodic matrices, where entries are drawn from this set.) As a closely related case, the Perron number of a graph is defined to be the spectral radius of its adjacency matrix.

Any Pisot number or Salem number is a Perron number, as is the Mahler measure of a monic integer polynomial.

Algebraic integer
In algebraic number theory, an algebraic integer is a complex number that is integral over the integers. That is, an algebraic integer is a complex root of some monic polynomial (a polynomial whose leading coefficient is 1) whose coefficients are integers. The set of all algebraic integers A is closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication and therefore is a commutative subring of the complex numbers.

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted by OK, is the intersection of K and A: it can also be characterized as the maximal order of the field K. Each algebraic integer belongs to the ring of integers of some number field. A number α is an algebraic integer if and only if the ring  is finitely generated as an abelian group, which is to say, as a -module.
2007 Copa América de Ciclismo
The seventh edition of the Copa América de Ciclismo was held on 7 January 2007 in São Paulo, Brazil. The Copa América opened the Brazilian season and took place at the Formula One-track, a circuit of 4.3 km (2.7 mi), in the city of São Paulo-Interlagos.

Copa América de Ciclismo
The Copa América de Ciclismo is a single-day road bicycle racing event held in Brazil. 
From 2001 to 2007 and in 2009 it took place at Autódromo José Carlos Pace, in São Paulo. The 2008 edition was held in a street circuit around Flamengo Park, in Rio de Janeiro. The race exists as both a men's and a women's competition. The men's competition is part of the UCI America Tour.
Environmental impacts of the Mexico–United States border
The environmental impacts of the Mexico–United States border are numerous, including the disposal of hazardous waste, increase of air pollution, threats to essential water resources, and ecosystem fragmentation.

Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge
The Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge is a 90,788-acre (367.41 km2) non-contiguous National Wildlife Refuge located in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of southern Texas.

It is along the northern banks and reaches of the Lower Rio Grande, north of the Mexico—United States international border.
University of North Texas Press
The University of North Texas Press (or UNT Press), founded in 1987, is a university press affiliated with the University of North Texas. It is a member of the Association of University Presses, having been admitted in 2003. The University of North Texas Press is also a member of Texas A&M University Press's Texas Book Consortium program.

Association of University Presses
The Association of University Presses (AUPresses) is an association of nonprofit, mostly, but not exclusively, North American university presses. It is based in New York City. Until December 2017, it was known as the Association of American University Presses (AAUP).

In 2021, AUPresses became an affiliate member of the American Council of Learned Societies. AUPresses is also an affiliate member of the International Publishers Association.
Sonmiani Bay
Sonmiani Bay marks the northernmost point of the Arabian Sea and is situated along the eastern edge of the Makran Coast, on the shores of Lasbela and Hub districts in Balochistan, Pakistan, northwest of Karachi. The bay is named after the village of Sonmiani, located just north of the Winder River delta. To the northwest, it borders the Miani Hor lagoon, a shallow and ecologically rich estuarine system.

Hub District
Hub District (Balochi, Lasi, Urdu: ضِلع حَب) is a coastal administrative district located in the southern part of Balochistan Province of Pakistan. The district was created after bifurcation of Lasbela District in 2022.

Hub district is bordered by Arabian sea to the south, Lasbela district to the west, Karachi division to the southeast, Dadu district to the northeast, Jamshoro district to the east, and Khuzdar to the north and northwest.

Its Provincial Assembly seat is PB-21 and National Assembly seat is NA-257 shared with the districts Awaran and Lasbela.

Sardar Muhammad Saleh Bhootani confirmed that the creation of Hub District is a long-standing demand of his people of PB-49 constituency and he thanked chief minister of Balochistan Abdul Quddus Bizenjo for approving the creation of this district.
Grace Memorial Episcopal Church (Hammond, Louisiana)
Grace Memorial Episcopal Church is a historic church at 100 W. Church Street in Hammond, Louisiana, U.S.A.

It was built in 1876, consecrated in 1888, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Hammond, Louisiana
Hammond is the largest city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States, located 45 miles (72 km) east of Baton Rouge and 45 miles (72 km) northwest of New Orleans. Its population was 20,019 in the 2010 U.S. census, and 21,359 at the 2020 population estimates program.

Hammond is home to Southeastern Louisiana University. It is the principal city of the Hammond metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Tangipahoa Parish and is a part of the Baton Rouge-Hammond combined statistical area.
Christopher Flavin
Christopher Flavin is the former president of the Worldwatch Institute, an independent research organization focused on natural resource and environmental issues, based in Washington, D.C.. He is also a founding member of the Board of Directors of the Business Council for Sustainable Energy and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, the Climate Institute, and the Environmental and Energy Study Institute. His research and writing focus is international energy and climate policy. One of his popular quotes on Sustainability states "Building a world where we meet our own needs without denying future generations a healthy society is not impossible, as some would assert. The question is where societies choose to put their creative efforts".

State of the World (book series)
The State of the World (SoW) was a series of books published annually from 1984 to 2017 by the U.S. based Worldwatch Institute, a thinktank that was founded in the 1970s by renowned environmentalist Lester R. Brown and ceased operations in 2017. The series attempted to identify the planet's most significant environmental challenges.

The 2010 edition discussed different ways of changing current cultures such that it felt as natural to live sustainably as living as a consumer felt at the time. The 2011 edition looked at the global food crisis and surrounding environmental and social problems, with a particular emphasis on global innovations that could help solve that worldwide problem.  The 2012 edition showcased innovative projects, creative policies, and fresh approaches that were advancing sustainable development in the twenty-first century. The 2013 edition defined the term sustainability, and assessed attempts to cultivate it.
Death Walks the Streets
Death Walks the Streets is a 2010 comic book limited series based on an unproduced screenplay for a film of the same title. The comic is a prequel, set three years prior to the timeline in the screenplay.

Fangoria Comics
Fangoria Comics  was an American publisher of horror comics, releasing issues solely in the year 2007. It was a distinct unit under the larger Fangoria Entertainment umbrella, which also included Fangoria Magazine, Fangoria TV, and Fangoria Radio.
Avalanche (British India album)
Avalanche is the third studio album by the Australian indie rock band British India, released through Shock Records on 30 April 2010.

Four bootleg live studio demos were released for sale in a package with the album at JB Hi-Fi. The album debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

Shock Records
Shock Records was an Australian independent record label, branded with the logo Shock or Shock Australia. Founded in 1988, it traded as Shock Records Pty. Ltd, and its publishing arm as Shock Music Publishing Pty. Ltd. Its most prominent sublabel was Permanent Records. After going into receivership in August 2010, company assets were bought by Regency Media Group, and the company was rebranded Shock Entertainment. Regency Media folded in February 2023.
Karangana
Karangana is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Yorosso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 398 square kilometers and includes 9 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 17,299. The village of Karangana, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 32 km southwest of Yorosso.

Yorosso
Yorosso is a town and rural commune in the Yorosso Cercle, in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The town serves as the seat of the Yorosso Cercle. It lies 151 km northeast of Sikasso and 202 km southeast of Ségou. The commune covers an area of 487 square kilometers, and includes the Yorosso town and nine other surrounding villages. According to the 2009 census, it had a population of 22,063.
2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals squads
The following squads were selected by the four teams competing in the 2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals.

Each national team had to submit a squad of 23 players, three of whom had to be goalkeepers, at least ten days before the opening match of the tournament. If a player became injured or ill severely enough to prevent her participation in the tournament before her team's first match, she could be replaced by another player.

2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals
The 2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2023–24 edition of the UEFA Women's Nations League, the inaugural season of the international football competition involving the women's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The tournament consisted of two semi-finals, a third place play-off, and a final to determine the inaugural champions of the UEFA Women's Nations League and the two teams that would qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics alongside France.
Edgar Warren Williams
Edgar Warren Williams (born June 12, 1949) is an American composer, conductor, and music theorist.

Williams obtained a bachelor's degree in composition from Duke University in 1971, then obtained a master's degree at Columbia University in 1973, studying with Charles Wuorinen, Mario Davidovsky, and Harvey Sollberger. He then matriculated at Princeton, where he received a Master's in Fine Arts in 1977 and a Ph.D. in 1982 and studied with Milton Babbitt and James K. Randall. He was a faculty member and orchestral conductor at the College of William & Mary from 1979. Williams's compositional work is noted for its orchestrational and timbral complexity, and its use of pitch collections as melodic and thematic elements.

Milton Babbitt
Milton Byron Babbitt (May 10, 1916 – January 29, 2011) was an American composer, music theorist, mathematician, and teacher. He was a Pulitzer Prize and MacArthur Fellowship recipient, recognized for his serial and electronic music.
1979 IAAF World Race Walking Cup
The 1979 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Eschborn, Federal Republic of Germany, on September 29–30, 1979.  The event was also known as IAAF Race Walking World Cup.  The women's 5 km race was now officially introduced into the competition with the women's teams competing for the Eschborn Cup.

Complete results were published.

World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships
The World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships is a racewalking event organised by World Athletics. It has been held since 1961, and generally on a biennial basis. The first women's edition of the event happened in 1979. It was formerly known as the Lugano Cup after the city that hosted the first event, then became the IAAF World Race Walking Cup until 2016 and then IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships until 2018. In 2004, a junior division was added for athletes between 16 and 20. Since 2008 it has been a constituent meeting of the World Athletics Challenge – Race Walking.

From 1975 to 1997 was awarded Lugano Trophy for combined team (20K + 50K). Since 1993 the medals have been awarded for the single events of the 20K and 50K teams, therefore in the 1993, 1995 and 1997 editions three team medals were assigned, from 1999 the combined was abolished and the team medals remained two until the present day.
Jingchuan County
Jingchuan County (simplified Chinese: 泾川县; traditional Chinese: 涇川縣; pinyin: Jīngchuān Xiàn) is a county under jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Pingliang, in the east of Gansu Province, China, bordering Shaanxi Province to the southeast. It has a land area of 1,486 square kilometers. The county is named after the Jing River. In 2020 it had a population of 356,200, over 300,000 of whom in the rural area.

Pingliang
Pingliang (simplified Chinese: 平凉; traditional Chinese: 平涼; pinyin: Píngliàng; lit. 'Pacify Liang') is a prefecture-level city in eastern Gansu province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the south and east and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to the north. The city was established in 376 AD. It has a residential population of 2,125,300 in 2019. The urban population is almost 900,000.

Pingliang is well known for the nearby Kongtong Mountains, which are sacred to Taoism and location of the mythical meeting place of the Yellow Emperor and Guangchengzi, an immortal.

The Book of Sui and Tongdian record that the Ashina tribe who founded the First Turkic Khaganate (also known as Göktürk Khaganate) were from Pingliang.
Darling and Pearson
Darling and Pearson was an architectural firm based in Toronto from 1895 through 1937. The firm was prolific and produced consistently fine work though the patronage of notable figures of the Canadian establishment, and is responsible for enhancing the architectural character and quality of the city, and indeed the rest of Canada, in the first quarter of the 20th century.

Sun Life Building
The Sun Life Building is a historic 122-metre (400 ft), 24-story office building at 1155 Metcalfe Street on Dorchester Square in the city's downtown core of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The building was completed in 1931 after three stages of construction. It was built exclusively for the Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada. Although the then-new head office of the Royal Bank of Canada at 360 Saint Jacques Street in Montreal was taller by several floors, the Sun Life Building was at the time the largest building in square footage anywhere in the British Empire. The Sun Life Building went through three different stages of construction, the first one starting as early as 1913, but it was not until 1931 that its main 24-storey tower was erected, thus completing the project.
Practice firm
A Practice Enterprise (also known as a Practice Firm or Virtual Enterprise) is a business simulation company used by people in commercial training or at a business schools that operates with business procedures, products and services like a real enterprise's. A Practice Enterprise resembles a real company in its form, organization and function.

Each Practice Enterprise trades with other Practice Enterprises, following standard commercial business procedures in the Practice Enterprise worldwide economic environment. It offers a ‘learning-by-doing’ training programme with the aim to better prepare young people for their future careers and to increase their entrepreneurship potential through running their own Practice Enterprise.

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
Hai Kun-class submarine
The Hai Kun-class submarine (Chinese: 海鯤級潛艦, translation "Narwhal"), alternatively known as the Indigenous Defense Submarine (IDS) program, is a class of attack submarines built by CSBC Corporation, Taiwan for the Republic of China Navy. While the Hai Kun class is thought to be based on the Dutch Zwaardvis class, which is currently operated by Taiwan, the design has been brought up to date by incorporating many new and more modern systems.

Hanwha Ocean
Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd. (Korean: 한화오션), formerly known as Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (Korean: 대우조선해양), is one of the "Big Three" shipbuilders of South Korea, along with Hyundai and Samsung.
Women in the United States Air Force
There have been women in the United States Air Force since its founding in 1948, and women continue to serve in it today. During World War II, nearly 40,000 women served in the U.S. Air Force's predecessor, the United States Army Air Forces, as members in the Women's Army Corps, the Women Airforce Service Pilots, the Women's Flying Training Detachment and other related organizations.

As of 2020, there were 69,564 total women on active duty in the US Air Force, with 14,325 serving as officers, and 55,239 enlisted. Of all the branches in the US military, the Air Force has the highest percentage of female active duty service members with women making up 21.1% of the US Air Force in 2020.

United States Air Force Basic Training scandal
The United States Air Force Basic Training scandal is the military sex scandal which took place at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. The scandal involved 43 female trainees allegedly victimized by their instructors during and after basic military training beginning in 2009. Seventeen male instructors were accused of offenses ranging from the solicitation of improper relationships to rape, and 35 instructors were removed from their posts pending an investigation. Nine of the accused instructors belonged to the 331st Training Squadron, and squadron commander Lt. Col. Mike Paquette was removed from command in June 2012 because of the problems in his unit. In August 2012 Col. Glenn Palmer, commander of the 737th Training Group, was also relieved from his position due to the scandal.