hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Security Analysis (book)
Security Analysis is a book written by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd. Both authors were professors at the Columbia Business School. The book laid the intellectual foundation for value investing. The first edition was published in 1934 at the start of the Great Depression. Graham and Dodd coined the term margin of safety in the book.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Uppsala Auktionskammare
Uppsala Auktionskammare was founded in 1731 and is the third oldest auction house in the world after Stockholms Auktionsverk and before Sotheby's. It is also the third largest auction house in Sweden and organizes international quality auctions with Dutch & Flemish Old Masters, Russian, and Chinese art.

In 1996, it was taken over by Knut Knutson and former employees.

In 2009, it acquired the Crafoord auctions in Lund. The company has offices in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Uppsala.

Magnus Bexhed has been the president since 2011.

Stockholms Auktionsverk
Stockholms Auktionsverk (Swedish for "Stockholm's Auction House"), founded in 1674 in Sweden, is the world's oldest auction house.

High quality items are sold on auctions several times each year at the Nybrogatan showrooms in central Stockholm.
National Route 27 (Costa Rica)
National Primary Route 27, or just Route 27 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Primaria 27, or Ruta 27) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, is a route which connects the Greater Metropolitan Area to Caldera Port and the Pacific coast of the country.

There are two named segments, from San José to Santa Ana the name is Carretera Nacional Próspero Fernández, and from Santa Ana to Caldera the name is Carretera Nacional José María Castro Madriz (José María Castro Madriz National Road), also known as  Autopista San José-Caldera (San José-Caldera Highway),

Globalvia
Globalvia (stylised as globalvia) is a Spanish multinational transport infrastructure company that operates in 11 countries across three continents. In June 2022, Globalvia in partnership with Kinetic Group launched a takeover bid for the British bus and rail operator Go-Ahead Group. The sale was approved by Go-Ahead's shareholders in August 2022. Globalvia has a 49% shareholding.

Globalvia is owned by OPTrust, PGGM and USS who bought Globalvia in a takeover bid worth Euro 420 million in 2015.
Punta Abona Lighthouse
The Punta Abona Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Punta Abona) is an active lighthouse on the south-eastern coast of Tenerife in the Canary islands. It is located between Abades and Poris de Abona, in the municipality of Arico. The lighthouse was the second to be constructed on the rocky headland of Punta Abona, which marks the south-east side of the island, and lies between the Punta de Anaga Lighthouse to the north and the Punta Rasca Lighthouse of Arona to the south.

Punta de Anaga Lighthouse
The Punta de Anaga Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro Punta de Anaga) is an active lighthouse on the Canary island of Tenerife, in the municipality of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Punta de Anaga is the most northerly point on the island, and is where the Anaga mountain range meets the sea.

It was originally proposed to construct a second order lighthouse on the Savage Islands, which lie 165 km north of Tenerife. But the sovereignty of the islands was an issue, so a first order light was commissioned at Punta de Anaga instead.
Madheshi people
Madheshi people (Nepali: मधेशी) is a term used for several ethnic groups in Nepal living in the Terai region of Nepal. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Nepal to refer to Nepalis with a non-Nepali language as their mother tongue, regardless of their place of birth or residence.: 2 
The term Madheshi became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990.

Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, Marwaris, Brahmin and Dalit people, ethnic groups like Maithils, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bajjika speaking people and indigenous people of the Terai.: 68  Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.: 131  Tharu people and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi.

Bhojpuri people
The Bhojpuri people, also known as Bhojpuriya-sawb (Devanagari: भोजपुरिया सब; Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲𑂨𑂰 𑂮𑂥; Romanized: bhojapuriyā sab) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent who speak the Bhojpuri language and inhabit the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region. This area is now divided between the western part of the Indian state of Bihar, the eastern part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, western part of the Indian state of Jharkhand, along with some neighbouring districts in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh as well as the Madhesh province and Lumbini province of Nepal. A significant population of the Bihari diaspora of Bhojpuris can be found in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, other parts of the Caribbean, Fiji, South Africa (Natal), Seychelles, Mauritius, United States, Canada, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.
Penobscot Indian Island Reservation
Penobscot Indian Island Reservation (Abenaki: Álənαpe Mə́nəhan) is an Indian reservation for the Penobscot Tribe of Maine, a federally recognized tribe of the Penobscot in Penobscot County, Maine, United States, near Old Town. The population was 758 at the 2020 census. The reservation extends for many miles alongside 15 towns and two unorganized territories in a thin string along the Penobscot River, from its base at Indian Island, near Old Town and Milford, northward to the vicinity of East Millinocket, almost entirely in Penobscot County. A small, uninhabited part of the reservation used as a game preserve and hunting and gathering ground is in South Aroostook, Aroostook County, by which it passes along its way northward.

Raid on Oyster River
The Raid on Oyster River, also known as the Oyster River Massacre, happened during King William's War, on July 18, 1694, when a group of Abenaki and some Maliseet, directed by the French, attacked an English settlement at present-day Durham, New Hampshire.
Paulo Jorge (footballer, born 1980)
Paulo Jorge Soares Gomes (born 16 June 1980), known as Paulo Jorge, is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played as a central defender, currently assistant manager of Braga B.

He played until the age of 29 with Braga, appearing in 166 official matches over seven Primeira Liga seasons. He finished his 16-year senior career in Cyprus.

Cypriot First Division
The Cypriot First Division (Greek: Πρωτάθλημα Α΄ Κατηγορίας), also known as the Cyprus League by Stoiximan for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Cyprus and the highest level of the Cypriot football league system. Operated by the Cyprus Football Association, the league is contested by fourteen teams and runs from August to May, with the three lowest-placed teams being relegated to the Cypriot Second Division, and replaced by the top three teams in that division.
J-Anomaly Ridge
The J-Anomaly Ridge is a bathymetric feature in the North Atlantic Ocean, extending southwest from the eastern end of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. It has a length of about 400 km (250 mi) and rises 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above the general level of the Sohm Abyssal Plain. The ridge consists of anomalously thick oceanic crust that formed as a result of a major volcanic pulse during the Cretaceous.

Grand Banks of Newfoundland
The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. The Grand Banks are one of the world's richest fishing grounds, supporting swordfish, haddock and capelin, as well as shellfish, seabirds and sea mammals. Overfishing in the late 20th century caused the collapse of several species, particularly Atlantic cod, leading to the  closure of the Canadian Grand Banks fishery from 1992 to 2024.
William Harrop (RAF officer)
Squadron Leader William Harrop MM was a British World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories while flying as an enlisted observer. He returned to RAF service in World War II, attaining the rank of squadron leader.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Ugochukwu Ezuoke
Ugochukwu Ezuoke // ⓘ was an Anglican bishop in Nigeria. He was the Archbishop of the Anglican Province of Aba and Bishop of Aba until 2011  when he retired and was succeeded as Archbishop by Ikechi Nwosu.

Ezuoke was consecrated as the pioneer Bishop of Umuahia on 16 January 1994 at St. Michael's Cathedral Aba.

Anglican Province of Aba
The Anglican Province of Aba is one of the 14 ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It comprises 9 dioceses:

Aba (Christian Ugwuzor)

Aba Ngwa North (Nathan Kanu)

Arochukwu/Ohafia (Bishop: Johnson Onuoha)

Ikwanuo (Bishop: Chigozirim Onyegbule)

Isiala-Ngwa (Bishop: Temple Nwaogu)

Isial-Ngwa South (Bishop: Isaac Nwaobia)

Isikwuato (Bishop: Manasses Chijiokem Okere)

Ukwa (Bishop: Samuel Kelechi Eze)

Umuahia (Bishop: Ikechi Nwosu)
Boundary Falls
The Boundary Falls is a waterfall that is located within the Gibraltar Range National Park, adjacent to the Gwydir Highway in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

The falls are located approximately 63 kilometres (39 mi) east of Glen Innes and 95 kilometres (59 mi) west of Grafton, and a campsite is located nearby on the site of a former sawmill within a dry open eucalypt forest.

Gibraltar Range National Park
Gibraltar Range  is a national park located in northeastern New South Wales, Australia. It is situated 79 kilometres (49 mi) northeast of Glen Innes and 493 kilometres (306 mi) north of Sydney.  The Park is part of the Washpool and Gibraltar Range area, which is designated as a World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia. This area was inscribed in 1986 and was later added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.
D115 road
D115 is a state road on island of Brač in Croatia connecting the town of Bol and the D113 state road, which in turn connects the D115 road to Supetar from where Jadrolinija ferries float to the mainland, docking in Split and the D410 state road. The road is 11.4 km (7.1 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Supetar
Supetar (Croatian pronunciation: [sǔpetar]) is a town on the northern part of the Dalmatian island of Brač, in the Split-Dalmatia County, in Croatia. It became the island's official centre in 1827. The town of Supetar includes Supetar itself and the three villages of Splitska, Škrip and Mirca.

With a population of 3,213, Supetar is the island's largest town. It is accessible by ferry (Jadrolinija, the ferry ride from the mainland city of Split takes 50 minutes) or via Brač Airport which is located 30 kilometres to the southeast.
Sex-linked barring
Sex-linked barring is a plumage pattern on individual feathers in chickens, which is characterized by alternating pigmented and apigmented bars. The pigmented bar can either contain red pigment (phaeomelanin) or black pigment (eumelanin) whereas the apigmented bar is always white. The locus is therefore often referred to as an 'eumelanin diluter' or 'melanin disruptor'. Typical sex-linked barred breeds include the Barred Plymouth Rock, Delaware, Old English Crele Games as well as Coucou de Renne.

Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutations change amino acids, which in turn alter proteins and may alter a protein's function or structure. These mutations may arise spontaneously from mutagens like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, an error in DNA replication, and other factors. Screening for missense mutations can be done by sequencing the genome of an organism and comparing the sequence to a reference genome to analyze for differences. Missense mutations can be repaired by the cell when there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering technologies or pharmaceuticals. Some notable examples of human diseases caused by missense mutations are Rett syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle-cell disease.
Co-princes of Andorra
The co-princes of Andorra are jointly the heads of state (Catalan: cap d'estat) of the Principality of Andorra, a landlocked microstate lying in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. The co-princes are the bishop of Urgell and the president of France.

Founded in 1278 by a treaty between the bishop of Urgell and the count of Foix, this unique diarchical arrangement has persisted through the Middle Ages to the present. Following the transfer of the count of Foix's claims to the Crown of France and, subsequently, to the head of state of the French Republic, the current arrangement has the bishop of Urgell (Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat) serving as the episcopal co-prince and the president of France (Emmanuel Macron) as the lay co-prince. Each co-prince appoints a personal representative. The episcopal co-prince is currently represented by Eduard Ibáñez and the lay co-prince by Patrice Faure.

Constitution of Andorra
The Constitution of Andorra (Catalan: Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra. It was adopted on 2 February 1993 and given assent by the Andorran people in a referendum on 14 March 1993. According to the Constitution itself, it was to enter into force on the day of its publication in the Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra, which occurred on 28 April 1993.

The Constitution was signed by Andorra's two co-princes: the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell, who at that time were François Mitterrand and Joan Martí Alanis respectively. The new constitution stipulates that these two officials are Andorra's heads of state. Indeed, this arrangement has existed for centuries, although at one time, the French king or emperor held the position now held by the French president.
Townsend Hoopes
Townsend Walter Hoopes II (April 28, 1922 – September 20, 2004) was an American historian and government official, who reached the height of his career as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1967 to 1969.

Douglas Brinkley
Douglas Brinkley (born December 14, 1960) is an American author, Katherine Tsanoff Brown Chair in Humanities, and professor of history at Rice University. Brinkley is a history commentator for CNN, Presidential Historian for the New York Historical, and a contributing editor to the magazine Vanity Fair. He is a public spokesperson on conservation issues. He joined the faculty of Rice University as a professor of history in 2007. Brinkley joined the board of directors for the National Archives Foundation in 2023.
Blatnik pri Črnomlju
Blatnik pri Črnomlju (pronounced [ˈblaːtnik pɾi tʃəɾˈnoːmlju]) is a settlement west of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Črnomelj
Črnomelj (pronounced [tʃəɾˈnòːməl] ⓘ; in older sources also Černomelj, German: Tschernembl) is a town in southeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Črnomelj. It lies on the left bank of the Lahinja and Dobličica rivers. The municipality is at the heart of the area of White Carniola, the southeastern part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Čardak, Kočevje, Kozji Plac, Loka, and Nova Loka.
St George linkage
The St. George linkage links the North-West Solomonic and New Ireland languages under the Meso-Melanesian languages. Members of the St George linkage are Niwer Mil language, Warwar Feni, Fanamaket, Sursurunga, Konomala, Patpatar, Tolai, Kandas, Ramoaina, Lungalunga, Label, Bilur, and Siar.

Northwest Solomonic languages
The family of Northwest Solomonic languages is a branch of the Oceanic languages. It includes the Austronesian languages of Bougainville and Buka in Papua New Guinea, and of Choiseul, New Georgia, and Santa Isabel (excluding Bugotu) in Solomon Islands.

The unity of Northwest Solomonic and the number and composition of its subgroups, along with its relationship to other Oceanic groups, was established in pioneering work by Malcolm Ross.
Ginetta G60-LT-P1
The Ginetta G60-LT-P1 is a non-hybrid Le Mans Prototype built by Ginetta for use in the LMP1 category for the FIA World Endurance Championship, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The G60-LT-P1 had its competition debut at the 2018 24 Hours Of Le Mans, after financial issues led to the withdrawal of the car at the initial round of the 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship, the 6 Hours of Spa Francorchamps.

MotorLand Aragón
MotorLand Aragón (alternative Spanish name: Circuito de Alcañiz) is a 5.344 km (3.321 mi) race track used for motorsports located in Alcañiz, Spain.

The circuit was designed by German architect Hermann Tilke in conjunction with the British architectural business Foster and Partners. Formula One driver Pedro de la Rosa was a technical and sporting consultant on the project.

The facility has been designed to incorporate three main zones; a technology park, a sports area and a leisure and culture area. The technology park will feature research and educational institutes related to the motor industry, the sports area will include the racing circuit (with multiple layouts), a karting track and various gravel circuits, whilst the leisure and culture section will feature a hotel, business centre and shopping facilities.
Saint-Denis-de-Pile
Saint-Denis-de-Pile (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dəni də pil]; Occitan: Sant Denis de Bateria) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is situated approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Libourne on the eastern side of the river Isle.

Libourne
Libourne (French pronunciation: [libuʁn] ⓘ; Gascon: Liborna [liˈbuɾnɔ]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.

It is the wine-making capital of northern Gironde and lies near Saint-Émilion and Pomerol.
Marnardal
Marnardal is a former municipality in the old Vest-Agder county, Norway. It existed from 1964 until 2020 when it was merged into Lindesnes Municipality in what is now Agder county.  It was located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Heddeland. Other villages in Marnardal include Bjelland, Breland, Koland, Laudal, and Øyslebø.

The Sørlandet Railway Line runs through the municipality stopping at Breland Station and Marnardal Station.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 395-square-kilometre (153 sq mi) municipality is the 240th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Marnardal is the 306th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,309. The municipality's population density is 6.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (16/sq mi) and its population has increased by 7.5% over the last decade.

Breland, Norway
Breland is a village in Lindesnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located just over the border from the neighboring Kristiansand municipality. The village of Øyslebø lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southwest of Breland. There are about 70 people living in the rural village and surrounding area. The village is served by Breland Station on the Sørlandet Line.  The lake Brelandsvann is located on the east side of the village.
Heptabarb
Heptabarb (INN; Eudan, Medapan, Medomin, Noctyn), also known as heptabarbitone (BAN) or heptabarbital, is a sedative and hypnotic drug of the barbiturate family. It was used in Europe for the treatment of insomnia from the 1950s onwards, but has since been discontinued.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Landwehr, Lower Saxony
Landwehr (German pronunciation: [ˈlantˌveːɐ] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the municipality Freden.

Hildesheim (district)
Hildesheim is a district (Landkreis)  in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Hanover, Peine, Wolfenbüttel, Goslar, Northeim, Holzminden and Hameln-Pyrmont.
1990 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 1990 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the 24th edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 23 September 1990. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Wilfried Peeters.

Tour of Leuven
Tour of Leuven - Memorial Jef Scherens (until 2021 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens) is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in September in Leuven, Belgium. Since 2005, the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race is named after the seven-time professional sprint world champion Jef Scherens.

The local city circuit from the 2021 UCI Road World Championships, hosted in Leuven, was largely based on the circuit that is ridden during the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens.