hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agat Invasion Beach
The Agat Invasion Beach is a historic site in the village of Agat, Guam.  The beaches of Agat were one of the landing sites of American forces in the 1944 Battle of Guam, in which the island was retaken from occupying Japanese forces.  The designated historic site includes the beaches and inland areas extending between Bangi Point and Togcha Beach.  Surviving remnants of the Japanese defenses on this stretch of coast include trenches and rifle pits located a short way inland, and a fortified bunker and 40mm gun emplacements at Ga'an Point.  Remnants of pillboxes that had lined the beach also survive, with one at Gangi Point in relatively good condition.

The beaches and fortifications were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.  Portions of them are part of the War in the Pacific National Historical Park.

Hågat, Guam
Hågat (formerly Agat) is a village in the United States territory of Guam. It is located south of Apra Harbor on the island's western shore. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2010 census.

The village is 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Hagåtña, with most of the residents ethnic Chamorros, the indigenous people of Guam. Some of Agat's most notable sites are Mount Alifan, the Agat Marina, the Spanish Bridge, and War In The Pacific National Historical Park.
NDepend
NDepend is a static analysis tool for C# and .NET code to manage code quality and security. The tool proposes a large number of features, from CI/CD Web Reporting to Quality Gate and Dependencies Visualization. For that reason, the community refers to it as the "Swiss Army Knife" for .NET Developers.

Cyclomatic complexity
Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program's source code. It was developed by Thomas J. McCabe, Sr. in 1976.

Cyclomatic complexity is computed using the control-flow graph of the program. The nodes of the graph correspond to indivisible groups of commands of a program, and a directed edge connects two nodes if the second command might be executed immediately after the first command. Cyclomatic complexity may also be applied to individual functions, modules, methods, or classes within a program.

One testing strategy, called basis path testing by McCabe who first proposed it, is to test each linearly independent path through the program. In this case, the number of test cases will equal the cyclomatic complexity of the program.
Centered tetrahedral number
In mathematics, a centered tetrahedral number is a centered figurate number that represents a tetrahedron. That is, it counts the dots in a three-dimensional dot pattern with a single dot surrounded by tetrahedral shells. The th centered tetrahedral number, starting at  for a single dot, is:

The first such numbers are:

Figurate number
The term figurate number is used by different writers for members of different sets of numbers, generalizing from triangular numbers to different shapes (polygonal numbers) and different dimensions (polyhedral numbers). The ancient Greek mathematicians already considered triangular numbers, polygonal numbers, tetrahedral numbers, and pyramidal numbers, and subsequent mathematicians have included other classes of these numbers including numbers defined from other types of polyhedra and from their analogs in other dimensions.
Dmitri Kruglov
Dmitri Kruglov (born 24 May 1984) is an Estonian retired professional footballer who played as a left-back and a winger. He made 115 appearances for the Estonia national team, scoring four goals.

He was known for his powerful shooting and often took free kicks and penalties.

2014 Meistriliiga
The 2014 Meistriliiga, also known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga due to sponsorship reasons, was the 24th season of the Meistriliiga, the first level in the Estonian football system. The season ran from 1 March 2014 to 8 November 2014. Levadia successfully defended the title, securing the championship in the last round.
Buddhist Library (Singapore)
The Buddhist Library (Chinese: 佛教图书馆) is the first dedicated Buddhist library in Singapore. The library, which is located in a shophouse in Geylang, aims to meet the needs of the Buddhist community and anyone interested in Buddhism. It is unique in that it is not a voluntary association or a temple and because it takes a non-sectarian approach to Buddhism. Besides functioning as a lending library, it also organises Dhamma talks, accredited Buddhist courses, public art exhibitions and welfare work locally and abroad.

Geylang
Geylang (IPA: /ˈɡeɪlɑːŋ, -ʌŋ/) is a planning area located on the eastern fringe of the Central Region of Singapore, bordering Hougang and Toa Payoh in the north, Marine Parade in the south, Bedok in the east, and Kallang in the west.

Geylang is previously known as a red-light district, particularly the areas along Geylang Road. Today only 3-4 units remain for brothels and street walkers are hard to come by. Geylang is also where one of Singapore's oldest Malay settlements, Geylang Serai, is located. During Ramadan, the neighbourhood is famous for its popular and iconic Ramadan lights and bazaars.
Roger E. Martin
Roger Edward Martin (March 10, 1935 – June 25, 2023) was an American businessman, state legislator, and lobbyist from Oregon.  He was an electric equipment sales executive with Martin Electric and served six terms in the Oregon House of Representatives.  In 1978, Martin ran for governor of Oregon, but lost to Victor Atiyeh in the Republican primary. Following the 1978 election, Martin became a lobbyist at the Oregon State Capitol.

Lake Oswego, Oregon
Lake Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon, primarily in Clackamas County, with small portions extending into neighboring Multnomah and Washington counties. Population in 2020 was 40,731, an 11.2% increase since 2010, making it the 11th most populous city in Oregon. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland and surrounding the 405-acre (164 ha) Oswego Lake, the town was founded in 1847 and incorporated as Oswego in 1910. The city was the hub of Oregon's brief iron industry in the late 19th century, and is today a suburb of Portland.
Kanpur Nagar Police Commissionerate
The Kanpur Nagar Police Commissionerate (Hindi: कानपुर नगर पुलिस आयुक्तालय, popularly Kanpur Nagar Police) is the police department within the municipal limits of Kanpur. It is a part of Uttar Pradesh Police and has the primary responsibilities of law enforcement and investigation in Kanpur city.

It is headed by an IPS officer in the rank of ADG as its Commissioner of Police.

On 3 November 2022, it was decided to include all 11 Police station of Kanpur outer police in Kanpur Nagar Police Commissionerate leading to 49 police stations.

Inspector-general of police
An inspector-general of police is a senior police officer in the police force or police service of several nations. The rank usually refers to the head of a large regional command within a police service, and in many countries refers to the most senior officer of the entire national police.
Tawil
Ṭawīl (Arabic: طويل, literally 'long'), or al-Ṭawīl (الطويل), is a meter used in classical Arabic poetry.

It comprises distichs (bayt) of two 'lines'—in Arabic usually written side by side, with a space dividing them, the first being called the sadr (صدر, literally "chest") and the other the ʿajuz (عجز, literally "belly"). Its basic form is as follows (the symbol – representing a long syllable, ⏑ representing a short syllable, and x representing a syllable that can be short or long):

| ᴗ – x | ᴗ – – – | ᴗ – x | ᴗ – ᴗ – |     (2×)

This form can be exemplified through the traditional mnemonic Faʿūlun Mafāʿīlun Faʿūlun Mafāʿilun (فَعولُن مَفاعيلُن فَعولُن مَفاعِلُن).

The final syllable of every distich rhymes throughout the whole poem; a long poem might comprise a hundred distichs. In Classical verse, each distich is a complete syntactic unit.

Couplet
In poetry, a couplet (/ˈkʌplət/ CUP-lət) or distich (/ˈdɪstɪk/ DISS-tick) is a pair of successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open).  In a formal (closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second.
Cabinet of Senegal
The Council of Ministers, also known as the Cabinet, is the cabinet of ministers of the Republic of Senegal and is part of the executive branch of the Government of Senegal. The cabinet serves as an advisory body to the President of Senegal, who serves as its chairman. Members of the cabinet are appointed by and report to the President on the advice of the Prime Minister of Senegal, who can dismiss them at will. The cabinet currently consists of 35 government ministries, each responsible for some aspect of providing government services.

Government of Senegal
The Government of Senegal (French: Gouvernement du Sénégal) is the union government created by the constitution of Senegal, consisting of the executive, parliament, and judiciary. The Seat of the Government is located in Dakar. The government is led by the president (currently Bassirou Diomaye Faye).
Dijon Air Base
Dijon-Longvic Air Base (French: Base aérienne 102 Dijon, IATA: DIJ, ICAO: LFSD) was a French Air Force (French: Armée de l'Air) air base. The airfield is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east-southeast of Longvic; about 165 miles (266 km) southeast of Paris. Operating as a joint civilian base, it is today used as a commercial airport named Aéroport Dijon-Bourgogne.

Dassault Mirage 2000
The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine, delta wing, fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation. It was designed in the late 1970s as a lightweight fighter to replace the Mirage III for the French Air Force (Armée de l'air). The Mirage 2000 evolved into a multirole aircraft with several variants developed, with sales to a number of nations. It was later developed into the Mirage 2000N and 2000D strike variants, the improved Mirage 2000-5, and several export variants. Over 600 aircraft were built and it has been in service with nine nations.
1988 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1988 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 100th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 1 May 1988 and ended on 16 October 1988.

Midleton entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Blackrock in the second round.

The final was played on 16 October 1988 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between St. Finbarr's and Glen Rovers, in what was their first meeting in the final in seven years. St. Finbarr's won the match by 3–18 to 2–14 to claim their 24th championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Brian Cunningham was the championship's top scorer with 2-29.

1987 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1987 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 99th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 23 May 1987 and ended on 25 October 1987.

Midleton entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 25 October 1987 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between Midleton and Na Piarsaigh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Midleton won the match by 2–12 to 0–15 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Na Piarsaigh's Mickey Mullins was the championship's top scorer with 0-33.
Arwa (village)
Arwa or Arawah (Arabic: عروى, `Arwa) is a village in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. It is located in the Dawadmi Governorate, north of the Riyadh-Makkah highway, and around 270 kilometres (170 mi) west of Riyadh.

The village was established in 1918 (1336 AH) at the site of a water source of the same name, by sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Bin Hindi Bin Humaid Alotaibi. Its population is mostly from the Utaiba tribe.

Several sites around Arwa contain ancient petroglyphs from different historic eras. Some carvings may date back to 1000 years BC.

Arwa was the site of the Battle of Arwa in 1883 (1300 AH), where the Rashidis led by Muhammed bin Abdullah Al Rashid defeated the Utaiba and their Al Saud allies.

Dawadmi
Dawadmi (Arabic: الدوادمي; also spelled as Ad Dawadimi and Al Duwadimi) is a town in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. As of the 2022 census it had a population of 86,861. The town is mostly inhabited by the tribe of Banu Zaid.

It is located on top of Najd hill, the central area of Saudi Arabia.  It is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of Riyadh. By road, is located 320 kilometres (200 mi) by road west of Riyadh.

In April 2003, the new airport in the city was inaugurated by the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. King Abdulaziz palace is a landmark of the city and there is an ongoing rehabilitation project to protect it.
Craigcrook Castle
Craigcrook Castle is a 6,701 square feet (622.5 m2) castle giving its name to the Craigcrook district of Edinburgh, about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the centre of Edinburgh, Scotland.  The castle is primarily of the 17th century, though with later additions. In the 19th century, it was the home of Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey, and became known for its literary gatherings. It is a category B listed building.

Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.

The Mycenaeans (ca. 1800–1050 BC) were known for their tholos tombs, also called beehive tombs, which were underground structures with conical vaults. This type of vault is one of the earliest evidences of curved brick architecture without the use of stone arches, and its construction represented an innovative technique for covering circular spaces.
Richard Butler of Kilcash
Richard Butler of Kilcash (1615 – 1701) was an Irish soldier and landowner, the third son of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles and brother of James, 1st Duke of Ormonde. He sided with the Irish Confederacy at the Irish Rebellion of 1641. He scouted the enemy on the morning of the Battle of Cloughleagh. His descendants succeeded to the earldom of Ormond when the senior branch of the family failed in 1758.

James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven
James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven (c. 1612 – 11 October 1684) was the son of Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven and his first wife, Elizabeth Barnham (1592 – c. 1622). Castlehaven played a prominent role in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms that took place in the middle of the 17th century, and was particularly active in the conflicts in Ireland at this time.
Air Jordan
Air Jordan is a line of basketball and sportswear shoes produced by Nike, Inc. The shoes, related apparel and accessories are now marketed under Jordan Brand. The first Air Jordan shoe was produced for basketball player Michael Jordan during his time with the Chicago Bulls on November 17, 1984, and released to the public on April 1, 1985. The shoes were designed for Nike by Peter Moore, Tinker Hatfield, and Bruce Kilgore. The Jordan Logo, known as the "Jumpman", originated from a photograph by Jacobus Rentmeester, taken before Jordan played for Team USA in the 1984 Summer Olympics.

23XI Racing
23XI Racing (pronounced twenty-three eleven) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the NASCAR Cup Series. It is owned and operated by Hall of Fame basketball player Michael Jordan, along with current Joe Gibbs Racing driver and three-time Daytona 500 winner Denny Hamlin. The team name represents a combination of the number 23 Michael Jordan wore during most of his NBA career and the number 11 which Denny Hamlin has driven his entire Cup series career. The organization fields three full-time entries. They are the No. 23 Toyota Camry for Bubba Wallace, No. 35 Camry for Riley Herbst, and No. 45 Camry for Tyler Reddick. Additionally, the team fields the No. 67 Camry part-time for Corey Heim. They have a technical alliance with Joe Gibbs Racing.
Tallaght Castle
Tallaght Castle (also known as Tallaght House and formerly known as the Archiepiscopal Palace) was a castle in Kilnamanagh, Tallaght, County Dublin, Ireland. It dates from the 14th  century. It became an official residence of the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin until 1822. It was taken over by the Dominican Order in 1856.

The castle is now in ruins with only a small proportion of it incorporated into the St. Mary's Priory building, in the grounds of St. Mary's Dominican Priory and the Priory Institute The old palace gardens, Archbishop’s bathhouse, the Friar's Walk and St. Maelruain's Tree still remain in the current grounds.

Kilnamanagh
53°18′00″N 6°21′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.3°N 6.3649°W﻿ / 53.3; -6.3649

Kilnamanagh (Irish: Cill na Manach, meaning 'Church of the monks') is a townland and suburban residential area in Tallaght, County Dublin, Ireland. It is in the local government area of South Dublin.
Index of engineering science and mechanics articles
This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to Engineering Science and Mechanics (ESM). For a broad overview of engineering, please see Engineering.  For biographies please see List of engineers and Mechanicians.

Toughness
In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. Toughness is the strength with which the material opposes rupture. One definition of material toughness is the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. This measure of toughness is different from that used for fracture toughness, which describes the capacity of materials to resist fracture.
Toughness requires a balance of strength and ductility.
Ciprian Deac
Ioan Ciprian Deac (Romanian pronunciation: [tʃipriˈan iˈo̯an ˈde̯ak, - deˈak]; born 16 February 1986) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a winger or an attacking midfielder for Liga I club CFR Cluj.

After starting out at Unirea Dej, he spent most of his professional career at CFR Cluj, where he won thirteen domestic trophies. With seven of these being national championships, Deac is one of the most decorated players of the competition. He also had loan stints at Oțelul Galați and Rapid București in Romania, while abroad he represented Schalke 04 in Germany and Aktobe and Tobol in Kazakhstan.

Deac made his international debut for Romania in March 2010, in a 0–2 friendly loss to Israel. He amassed 26 appearances and one goal, before retiring in 2020.

2017–18 Liga I
The 2017–18 Liga I (also known as Liga 1 Betano for sponsorship reasons) was the 100th season of the Liga I, the top professional league for Romanian association football clubs. The season began on 14 July 2017 and ended on 2 June 2018, being the third to take place since the play-off/play-out format has been introduced.

Defending champions Viitorul Constanța came fourth. CFR Cluj became the new champions in the last fixture of the play-off, clinching their fourth league title after finishing one point above FCSB. Juventus București and Sepsi OSK entered as the promoted teams from the 2016–17 Liga II, but only the latter managed to avoid relegation.

Since Romania dropped from 15th to 17th in the UEFA association coefficient rankings, only the title winner qualified for the UEFA Champions League.
Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random variables
In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite.

A simulation-based alternative to this approximation is the application of Monte Carlo simulations.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Population transfer in the Ottoman Empire
Population transfer in the Ottoman Empire was a common policy used by the Ottoman government. After the Russo-Turkish War (1878), the importance of religious and ethnic identity increased leading to the 1913-1918 period when the primary aim of population transfers was the ethnic restructuring of Anatolia by the Turkish nationalist ruling elite. The work on Ottoman population transfers begins with Ömer Lütfi Barkan's studies of Ottoman defters in the 1940s.

Turkish nationalism
Turkish nationalism (Turkish: Türk milliyetçiliği) is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish language and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the Tanzimat era. It also has a complicated relationship with Muslim identity, Pan-Turkism, and Turanism.
Fieberbrunn
Fieberbrunn is a market town in the Austrian state of Tyrol in the Kitzbühel district. It is located at 47°28′N 12°33′E﻿ / ﻿47.467°N 12.550°E﻿ / 47.467; 12.550, in the Kitzbühel Alps. Fieberbrunn is the most populous municipality in the Pillerseetal valley.

According to a legend, the fountain near its church, and later also the market town received the name Fieberbrunn (fever well) when Tyrolean Countess Margarete Maultasch was healed from fever after drinking from it. Previously the market town was named Pramau.

Fieberbrunn is a winter sports resort and venue of international snowboarding events (like Lords of the Boards), as well as a hiking and mountaineering resort in summer. Since 2006 Fieberbrunn is venue of a new event called 'SNOWFEVER', which is one of the biggest Big Mountain Events in Austria. It is also home of the churchjump.

Schloss Rosenegg is nearby. The bathing lake of the Lauchsee is important for summer tourism.

Kitzbühel Alps
The Kitzbühel Alps (German: Kitzbüheler Alpen or Kitzbühler Alpen) are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps surrounding the town of Kitzbühel in Tyrol, Austria. Geologically they are part of the western slate zone (greywacke zone).