hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Afrosalsola
Afrosalsola is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae. It includes two species of subshrubs or shrubs native to the Canary Islands, Morocco, Mauritania, and Western Sahara.

Afrosalsola deschaseauxiana (Litard. & Maire) Akhani

Afrosalsola divaricata (Masson ex Link) Akhani

They are shrubby halophytic plants with opposite and alternate branches and leaves. They have a distinct leaf anatomy with a hypodermis and kranz-like cells that perform C2 photosynthesis, a C3-C4 intermediate photosynthetic pathway. The species were formerly included in the genus Salsola, which was found to be polyphyletic. In 2024 Hossein Akhani et al. described the new genus Afrosalsola to include the two species.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Project Thunderbird
Project Thunderbird was a 1967 United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) proposal to use nuclear explosives to prepare coalbeds to gasify coal in place underground in Wyoming. The project was proposed as a component of Project Plowshare, which sought ways to use nuclear devices in public works and industrial development projects. The project aimed to exploit deep coal deposits to gasify them in situ with controlled combustion in the rubble chimney resulting from a deep nuclear detonation. The project was to be located on the border of Johnson County and Campbell County, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Gillette, Wyoming, in the Powder River Basin.

While initial reports on the project were optimistic, subsequent analysis cast doubt on the project's viability, and the project was not pursued.

Johnson County, Wyoming
Johnson County is a county in the north central part of the U.S. state of Wyoming. At the 2020 United States census, the population was 8,447. The county seat is Buffalo. Kaycee is the only other incorporated town in the county. Johnson County lies to the southeast of the Bighorn Mountains along Interstate 25 and Interstate 90. The Powder River flows northward through eastern Johnson County.
5RPH
Radio 5RPH (1197 kHz) is a volunteer operated AM band community radio station in Adelaide, South Australia, providing a radio reading service for the vision-impaired and otherwise print handicapped.

Originally owned by association RPH Adelaide Inc., 5RPH has operated as a subsidiary of Vision Australia Radio since December 2011, combining readings by local volunteers of South Australian media with programs from VA Radio's sister stations, such as 3RPH from Melbourne.

Radio 5RPH is a member of the Radio Print Handicapped Network. Its stated mission is to "provide a quality reading and information service to those within its broadcast area who are unable (for whatever reason) to access daily printed material".

Newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed material are read to air. The station also hosts a morning sports show weekday mornings and has previously broadcast matches from the South Australian National Football League.

3RPH
3RPH is a community radio station owned and operated by Vision Australia as part of the Vision Australia Radio network. The station broadcasts a radio reading service to Melbourne, Victoria, with repeater services in Warragul and Warrnambool, Victoria.

The station had its origins in 1974, when the Radio for the Blind Committee began broadcasting a half-hour program on ABC radio and a 45-minute program on 3CR in Melbourne.

The station was then licensed to commence programming on its own frequency, broadcasting from 12 December 1982 at 1705 kHz

In 1983 the station moved its signal to 1629 kHz, before moving to 1179 kHz, vacated by 3KZ, in 1990. The switch to 1179 also led to the station expanding to 24-hour programming.

3RPH is also a member of Radio Print Handicapped Network and a BBC World Service partner station.
Obra, Bihar
Obra is a small town 15 km away from the district headquarters on NH-139 (Patna-Aurangabad). As of 2018, Obra has a population of 14,786. In the Obra block, there are 20 Panchayats each with an average of 6 villages. The geographic block is demarcated in the east and south by Daudnagar, Rafiganj, Aurangabad and in the west by Rohtas district. Situated on the confluence of the Punpun and Adri rivers, the rolling topography of the town is typical, spread on the plain of the Son river bed, known for its very fertile land.

Rafiganj, Bihar
Rafiganj is a town and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district's second-largest town in terms of population after Aurangabad. Rafiganj is located 25 kilometres away from Aurangabad and 36 kilometres from Gaya.
Michael J. Conrad
Michael John Conrad (July 29, 1933 – January 6, 2023) was a United States Army major general who served as Commanding General, 1st Cavalry Division from 1984 to 1986 and then as Deputy Inspector General of the Army until his retirement in 1988. He graduated from the United States Military Academy with a B.S. degree in military science in 1956. Conrad later earned an M.S. degree in mathematics from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1965.

Conrad served as a battalion commander in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970 and was awarded two Silver Star Medals, the Distinguished Flying Cross, two Bronze Star Medals, seventeen Air Medals and two Purple Hearts. He has also received the Distinguished Service Medal, two awards of the Legion of Merit and an Army Commendation Medal.

Conrad died in Carmichael, California on January 6, 2023, at the age of 89.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
Pavaratty
Pavaratty is a census town in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala.  Pavaratty is situated in the coastal area of Chavakkad taluk in Thrissur District. The town is about 23 km north-west of Thrissur town and 5 km south of Guruvayoor. It is the site of St. Joseph's Parish Shrine, Pavaratty and also lies near Palayur (4 km), famous for the Palayur Church. Nearby airports are Cochin International Airport (77 km) and Calicut Airport (95 km). The nearest railheads are at Guruvayoor and Thrissur. The Nearest bus stations are Thrissur Bus Station and Guruvayoor Bus Station. From Thrissur, the shortest way to Pavaratty is via Amala-Parappur-Puvathur.

Palayur
Palayūr, also called Palayoor and historically as Palur, is a town near Chavakkad, Thrissur district, India. It is famous for its ancient church, Palayur Mar Thoma Church, which is believed to be one of the seven major churches founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle in Malabar in 52 AD. It is the assumed to be first Christian Church in India.
Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole
Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole (March 26, 1871 – January 7, 1922) was a prince of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi until it was overthrown by a coalition of American and European businessmen in 1893. He went on to become the delegate of the Territory of Hawaii to the United States Congress, and as such is the only royal-born member of Congress.

Kūhiō was often called Ke Aliʻi Makaʻāinana (Prince of the People) and is well known for his efforts to preserve and strengthen the Hawaiian people. His birthday is celebrated as a state holiday in Hawaiʻi.

Hawaiian Historical Society
The Hawaiian Historical Society, established in 1892, is a private non-profit organized by a group of prominent citizens dedicated to preserving historical materials, presenting public lectures, and publishing scholarly research on Hawaiian history.
Marouane Hadhoudi
Marouane Hadhoudi (Arabic: مروان الهدهودي; born 13 February 1992) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Sabah in the Azerbaijan Premier League and the Morocco national team.

2021 CAF Super Cup (December)
The 2021 CAF Super Cup (officially the TotalEnergies CAF Super Cup 2021 for sponsorship reasons) was the 30th CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup.

The match was played between Al Ahly from Egypt, the 2020–21 CAF Champions League winners, and Raja CA from Morocco, the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup winners, at the Ahmad bin Ali Stadium in Al Rayyan, Qatar on 22 December 2021. Al Ahly won the match 6–5 on penalties, after the original match ended as a 1–1 draw, to win their record-extending eighth and second consecutive title.
Deaths in July 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2017.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and reference.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Åland convention
The Åland convention, refers to two conventions regarding the demilitarization and neutralization of Åland.

The Åland convention of 1856 was signed on 30 March 1856, following the Russian defeat in the Crimean War against the United Kingdom and France after the Åland War. Russia agreed not to militarise the Åland Islands, which was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris (1856).

However, the Russians militarized the islands in 1916, a move that alarmed the Swedes.

The Åland convention of 1921 was signed on 20 October 1921 by Sweden, Finland, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Denmark, Poland, Estonia, and Latvia. See also the Åland Islands dispute.

Treaty of Paris (1856)
The Treaty of Paris of 1856, signed on 30 March 1856 at the Congress of Paris, brought an end to the Crimean War (1853–1856) between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia.

The treaty diminished Russian influence in the region. It returned Sevastopol and other towns and cities in the south of Crimea to Russia, but prohibited Russia to establish naval or military arsenal on the coast of the Black Sea, that was made neutral territory, closing it to all warships and prohibiting fortifications and the presence of armaments on its shores. In 1871, this clause was renounced in the Treaty of London.

The treaty also had Russia return to Moldavia part of its territory it had annexed in 1812 (to the mouth of the Danube, in southern Bessarabia). Russia lost any claim to influence the Danubian principalities and the Principality of Serbia, or to protect Christians in the Ottoman Empire.
Lower Inn Valley
The Lower Inn Valley (German: Unterinntal) is that part of the Inntal valley through which the Inn river flows from a point a few kilometres west of Innsbruck near its confluence with the Melach downstream to a few kilometres before Rosenheim.  A further distinction can be made between the Tyrolean Lower Inn Valley (Tiroler Unterinntal) (as far as Kufstein) and the Bavarian Lower Inn Valley (from Kiefersfelden).

The Lower Inn Valley should not be confused with the Tyrolean Unterland, of which it forms only a part. The Lower Inn Valley has one of the largest metropolitan areas in Austria. Around 380,000 people (2001) live in a relatively small area between Innsbruck and Rosenheim. The highest population densities, in terms of people per square kilometre, occur in Innsbruck (3,149), Rum (2,982), Kufstein (2,374), Hall i.T.(2,210) and Rosenheim (1,977).

Inn (river)
The Inn (German pronunciation: [ɪn] ⓘ; Latin: Aenus; Romansh: En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube, being the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine, the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube).
Liberia Peace Council
The Liberia Peace Council (LPC) was a rebel group that participated in the Liberian Civil War under the leadership of George Boley.

The LPC emerged in 1993, partly as a proxy force for the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL). It made substantial gains against the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) in southeastern Liberia, vying for control of commercial operations in timber and rubber.

A predominantly ethnic Krahn organization, it drew supporters from the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) and the AFL, but also from other ethnic groups who suffered under NPFL occupation.

It had about 2,500 militants in its ranks.

Like all groups that participated in the civil war, the LPC committed serious human rights abuses including murder, torture, and looting in an effort to terrorize and depopulate rural areas held by the NPFL.

Krahn people
The Krahn are an ethnic group of Liberia and Ivory Coast. This group belongs to the Kru language family and its people are sometimes referred to as the Wee, Guéré, Sapo, or Wobe. It is likely that Western contact with the Kru language is the primary reason for the development of these different names.
Hwasong-8
The Hwasong-8 (Korean: 《화성-8》형; lit. Mars Type 8) is a North Korean single-stage, liquid-fueled, hypersonic ballistic missile. First test-fired on 28 September 2021, Hwasong-8 is equipped with hypersonic glide vehicle for atmospheric reentry at high speed and missile defenses evasion, while incorporating liquid-propellant fuel ampoule system to reduce launch preparation time. It is considered to be the first hypersonic missile produced by North Korea.

Hwasong-12
The Hwasong-12 (Korean: 《화성-12》형; lit. Mars Type 12) is a mobile intermediate-range ballistic missile developed by North Korea. The Hwasong-12 was first revealed to the international community in a military parade on 15 April 2017 celebrating the Day of the Sun which is the birth anniversary of North Korea's founding president, Kim Il Sung, although the first test took place on 4 April 2017. The first successful test-fire of Hwasong-12 occurred on 14 May 2017.
Compak Sporting
Compak Sporting is a form of clay pigeon shooting, similar to sporting clays but taking place in a smaller area.  The name Compak Sporting is a protected, registered trademark with a code of sports rules, owned by FITASC (Fédération Internationale de Tir aux Armes Sportives De Chasse).

Fédération Internationale de Tir aux Armes Sportives de Chasse
Fédération Internationale de Tir aux Armes Sportives de Chasse (FITASC, "International Shooting Federation of Hunting Sport Weapons") is an international sport federation for sport shooting, specifically clay pigeon shooting similar to sporting clays, trap and skeet.
Brand X Internet
Brand X Internet (or Brand X) is a local Internet service provider based in Marina del Rey/Santa Monica, California. It is best known for the United States Supreme Court decision in the case Brand X vs. FCC, later titled National Cable & Telecommunications Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Services.

It was founded as "Leonardo Internet" in 1994. Brand X Internet was formed in 1997 from those parts of Leonardo which were not sold to Verio in a transaction for which Leonardo's partners were never paid. This became a lawsuit which Verio eventually settled for $350,000.

Brand X started providing primarily dialup and T1 connections as well as websites, but when DSL technology became available, Brand X moved into this area too.

Brand X provides DSL and FTTH services to customers in Southern California.

Verio
Verio is a global web hosting provider headquartered in the United States. Incorporated in 1996 in Denver, Colorado, it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Communications, which acquired the company in 2000. Verio was formed from a consolidation of over 200 smaller Internet service providers (ISPs) and web hosting services.
King's Best
Kings Best (24 January 1997 – 16 April 2019) was an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2000 Guineas Stakes. He was described by his trainer Michael Stoute as the best miler he'd ever trained.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Ritual Coffee Roasters
Ritual Coffee Roasters is a coffee roaster based in San Francisco, California, with six cafes in San Francisco and Napa. Founded in 2005, Ritual Roasters is considered part of the "third wave of coffee" independent companies which both roast their own beans, wholesale, and operate cafes. Their peers include Blue Bottle Coffee Company and Four Barrel Coffee, among others. In March 2017, Somatik partnered with Ritual Coffee to make $12 marijuana-infused cold brew.

In 2021, the Haight Street location of Ritual Coffee Roasters was damaged during a shooting in the area, when the café was struck by gunfire. The incident was cited in later reporting as one of several challenges affecting the operation of the location. In March 2025, the company announced the closure of its Haight Street café, ending a nine-year presence in the neighbourhood, with the location scheduled to close on April 11.

Blue Bottle Coffee
Blue Bottle Coffee, Inc., is a coffee roaster and retailer once headquartered in Oakland, California, United States. In 2017, a majority stake in the company was acquired by Nestlé (68%). It is a major player in third wave coffee. The company focuses on single-origin beans.
Ackermann ordinal
In mathematics,  the Ackermann ordinal  is a certain large countable ordinal, named after Wilhelm Ackermann.  The term "Ackermann ordinal" is also occasionally used for the small Veblen ordinal, a somewhat larger ordinal.

There is no standard notation for ordinals beyond the Feferman–Schütte ordinal Γ0. Most systems of notation use symbols such as ψ(α), θ(α), ψα(β), some of which are modifications of the Veblen functions to produce countable ordinals even for uncountable arguments, and some of which are "collapsing functions". The last one is an extension of the Veblen functions for more than 2 arguments.

The smaller Ackermann ordinal is the limit of a system of ordinal notations invented by Ackermann (1951), and is sometimes denoted by  or  , , or , where Ω is the smallest uncountable ordinal. Ackermann's system of notation is weaker than the system introduced much earlier by Veblen (1908), which he seems to have been unaware of.

Feferman–Schütte ordinal
In mathematics, the Feferman–Schütte ordinal (Γ0) is a large countable ordinal.
It is the proof-theoretic ordinal of several mathematical theories, such as arithmetical transfinite recursion.
It is named after Solomon Feferman and Kurt Schütte, the former of whom suggested the name Γ0.

There is no standard notation for ordinals beyond the Feferman–Schütte ordinal. There are several ways of representing the Feferman–Schütte ordinal, some of which use ordinal collapsing functions: , , , or .
Flag of Dagestan
The flag of Dagestan was adopted after the transformation of the Dagestan ASSR into the Republic of Dagestan within the Russian Federation. The flag was formally adopted on 26 February 1994.  It features a horizontal tricolor of green (for Islam), blue (for the Caspian Sea), and red (for courage and fidelity).  On 19 November 2003 the proportion of the flag was changed from the original 1:2 to 2:3, and the middle stripe from light blue to blue.

Triband (flag)
A triband is a vexillological style which consists of three stripes arranged to form a flag. These stripes may be two or three colours, and may be charged with an emblem in the middle stripe. Not all tribands are tricolour flags, which requires three unique colours.
Wayne County Regiment
The Wayne County Regiment was a unit of the North Carolina militia that served during the American Revolution.  The North Carolina General Assembly created Wayne County and its regiment of militia out of part of Dobbs County and its regiment of militia on November 2, 1779.   The officers were appointed and commissioned by the governor of North Carolina.  The regiment was disbanded at the end of the war.

Wayne County, North Carolina
Wayne County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 117,333. Its county seat is Goldsboro, and it is home to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base.

Wayne County comprises the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cunningham, West Virginia
Cunningham is an unincorporated community in Hardy County, West Virginia, United States. It lies north of Moorefield along the South Branch Valley Railroad and Trough Road (County Route 6) on the eastern side of the South Branch Potomac River.

Moorefield, West Virginia
Moorefield is a town in and the county seat of Hardy County, West Virginia, United States. It is located at the confluence of the South Branch Potomac River and the South Fork South Branch Potomac River. Moorefield was originally chartered in 1777; it was named for Conrad Moore, who owned the land upon which the town was laid out. The population was 2,527 at the 2020 census.
Daniel James Jr.
Daniel "Chappie" James Jr. (February 11, 1920 – February 25, 1978) was a fighter pilot in the United States Air Force who, in 1975, became the first African American to reach the rank of four-star general in the United States Armed Forces. Three years later, James was forced to retire prematurely due to heart issues, just weeks before dying of a heart attack.

James attended the famous Tuskegee Institute and instructed African American pilots during World War II. He flew combat missions during the Korean War and Vietnam War, and received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, two Air Force Distinguished Service Medals, two Legions of Merit, three Distinguished Flying Crosses, a Meritorious Service Medal, and fourteen Air Medals.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.