hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Bruce (1769–1798)
James Bruce (1769–1798) was a Member of Parliament for Marlborough in the Parliament of Great Britain from 1796 until 1797.

The youngest of the five sons of Charles Bruce, 5th Earl of Elgin, and of Martha Bruce, Countess of Elgin and Kincardine (1739–1810), Bruce was a brother of the collector Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, known for bringing the Elgin Marbles from Athens. He entered Westminster School in 1778 and was at Christ Church, Oxford, from 1786 to 1790, when he became a member of Lincoln's Inn.

For a year he was a Member of Parliament for Marlborough, taking a seat previously held by his uncle General Thomas Bruce, before resigning by "taking the Chiltern Hundreds". He left parliament to accept a post as a précis writer at the Foreign Office at a salary of £300 a year.

On 10 July 1798, aged only twenty-nine, he was drowned while crossing the River Don at Barnby Dun in Yorkshire, when his horse was swept away by the stream. He was remembered as amiable and virtuous.

Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin
Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine, PC, FSA Scot (/ˈɛlɡɪn/ ELG-in; 20 July 1766 – 14 November 1841), often known as Lord Elgin, was a Scottish nobleman, diplomat, and collector, known primarily for the controversial procurement of marble sculptures (known as the Elgin Marbles) from the Parthenon and other structures on the Acropolis of Athens.
Gmina Krościenko Wyżne
Gmina Krościenko Wyżne is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Krościenko Wyżne, which lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Krosno and 42 km (26 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 16.33 square kilometres (6.31 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,179.

Krosno County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Krosno County (Polish: powiat krośnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Krosno, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Jedlicze, Rymanów, Dukla, and Iwonicz-Zdrój.

The county covers an area of 923.79 square kilometres (356.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 112,301, out of which the population of Jedlicze is 5,736, that of Rymanów is 3,825, that of Dukla is 2,061, that of Iwonicz-Zdrój is 1,787, and the rural population is 98,892.
Courchevel Altiport
Courchevel Altiport (French: Altiport de Courchevel) (IATA: CVF, ICAO: LFLJ) is an altiport serving Courchevel, a ski resort in the French Alps. The airfield has a very short runway of only 537 metres (1,762 ft) with a gradient of 18.6%. There is no go-around procedure for landings at Courchevel due to the surrounding mountainous terrain. The airfield primarily sees use by smaller fixed-wing aircraft such as the Cessna 208 Caravan or Pilatus PC-12, as well as helicopters. The runway has no instrument approach procedure or lighting aids, making landing in fog or low clouds unsafe and almost impossible.

The airport is considered dangerous, as it features a difficult approach, an upward-sloping runway and ski runs in the adjacent area. The History Channel program Most Extreme Airports ranks it as the seventh most extreme airport in the world.

Courchevel
Courchevel (French pronunciation: [kuʁʃəvɛl]) is a French Alps ski resort located in the Tarentaise Valley. It is a part of Les Trois Vallées, the largest linked ski areas in the world.

Courchevel also refers to the towns of Courchevel 1300 (Le Praz), Courchevel 1550, Courchevel 1650 (Moriond), and Courchevel 1850, which are named for their elevations in metres. The resort centre of Courchevel is at 1,747 metres (5,732 ft) above sea level.

Sports events from the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 2023 World Ski Championships took place in Courchevel. The ski resort is considered exclusive, attracting wealthy clientele including royal families. It hosts one of the largest concentrations of five-star ranking luxury hotels.
Woodroffe North
Woodroffe North (also known as just Woodroffe) is a neighbourhood in Bay Ward in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  It is bounded on the south by Richmond Road on the west by Pooler Avenue, on the north by the Ottawa River and on the east by the northern prolongation of Sherbourne Avenue. Woodroffe North has also been referred to as a community within the neighbourhood of Westboro (also known as Westboro Village) which claims its western border to be Woodroffe Avenue. The Woodroffe North Community includes residents that live on streets West of Woodroffe Avenue. Originally the homes used to be cottages similar to those in Britannia. Most of the cottages were demolished and changed into houses. Lockhart Avenue is split up at Richmond Road and continues at Byron and ends at Saville Row in front of Carlingwood.

The area west of New Orchard Avenue is known as Ambleside.

Ambleside, Ottawa
Ambleside is a small neighbourhood  in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.   It is bounded on the West and North by the  Kichi Zibi Mikan, on the East by New Orchard Avenue North, and on the South by Richmond Road. The total population of this area was 2,546 according to the Canada 2016 Census.

It consists largely of high rise apartments and condominiums, built in the 1970s, but has some businesses on Richmond Road.  There are two small parks in the area, namely Ambleside Park and McEwen Park, along with the Kichi Zibi Mikan parkland which forms its northern and western edges.  There are no churches or schools in its area.

It is served by the #11 bus on the south and the #153 bus on all its streets.  A station, for the western extension to the new Light Rail Transportation system being built, is planned for New Orchard Avenue.
Trio (1987 album)
Trio is a collaborative album by American singers Dolly Parton, Linda Ronstadt, and Emmylou Harris. It was released on March 2, 1987, by Warner Bros. Records. The album has platinum certification in the U.S. for sales of one million copies, and has total worldwide sales of approximately four million. A second collaborative album, Trio II, was released in 1999.

Country Music Association Awards
The Country Music Association Awards, also known as the CMA Awards or CMAs, are presented to country music artists and broadcasters to recognize outstanding achievement in the country music industry. The televised annual presentation ceremony features performances and award presentations by popular country music artists, with occasional appearances from pop and rock artists. The CMA Awards were first presented in 1967, and televised for the first time the following year.
Bezerk 2.0
Bezerk 2.0 is a 2006 album by Welsh glam metal band Tigertailz, released on Demolition Records. It is seen as a follow-up to the original album Bezerk released on Music For Nations in 1990. It goes back to the more pop metal sound the band had at the time rather than the heavier sound they used on albums such as Banzai! and Wazbones. The album features similar artwork to the original Bezerk album.

Banzai! (album)
Banzai! is the third studio album by Tigertailz. It is a collection of B sides and singles originally for Japan only. It includes a remake version of "Livin' without you", and a live version of "She'z too hot" from their first album Young and Crazy, and two covers: "Creeping Death" by Metallica and "Peace Sells" by Megadeth which hint at the direction they would take for the next album.
Kentucky Route 298
Kentucky Route 298 (KY 298) is a 10.432-mile-long (16.789 km) state highway in Daviess County, Kentucky, that runs from U.S. Route 431 (US 431) and Sharp Road south of Owensboro to southbound KY 2155 and Old Hartford Road in southeastern Owensboro.

U.S. Route 431 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 431 (US 431) in Kentucky runs 86.93 miles (139.90 km) from the Tennessee state line south of Adairville to US 60 at Owensboro. It crosses the state in mainly west-central portions of the state, passing through or near towns such as Russellville, Lewisburg, Central City and Livermore. The route goes through Logan, Muhlenberg, McLean, and Daviess counties.
Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter
The Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM) is an international multicampus collective of scientists studying emergent phenomena in biology, chemistry and physics and in wider context. ICAM was founded in December 1998 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory with support from the University of California by experimental condensed matter physicist Zack Fisk and theoretical physicist David Pines, receiving support from the University of California Office of the Present, ICAM member branches all over the world, the US National Science Foundation from 2003-2013, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for QuantEmX Fellows from 2015–present.

Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism.
Elder Smith Road
Elder Smith Road is an east-west arterial road in northern Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It opened in 2007 to connect Main North Road to Salisbury Highway, including a new bridge crossing the Gawler railway line and Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line. It lies entirely in or forms the border of the suburb of Mawson Lakes. It extends west past Salisbury Highway to provide access to a housing estate in Mawson Lakes on the south side and an industrial area of Greenfields on the north side. At Main North Road, it connects to the junction where Maxwell Road continues as the border between Para Hills West and Pooraka.

The Mawson Connector Project built Elder Smith Road in two stages, and also the new Mawson Interchange below the bridge over the railway lines. Construction began in January 2005 and it was completed in September 2007 for a total cost of A$44.3 million.

Main North Road
Main North Road is the major north–south arterial route through the suburbs north of the Adelaide City Centre in the city of Adelaide, South Australia, and linking to Gawler on Adelaide's outer north-eastern fringes.
Environmental mitigation
Environmental mitigation refers to the process by which measures to avoid, minimise, or compensate for adverse impacts on the environment are applied. In the context of planning processes like Environmental Impact Assessments, this process is often guided by applying conceptual frameworks like the "mitigation hierarchy" or "mitigation sequence". This generally includes the steps avoid, reduce, restore, and offset. In some countries, environmental mitigation measures, including biodiversity offsetting, may be required by law.

In practice, environmental mitigation measures might be implemented by establishing new habitat, restoring degraded habitat, and preserving or enhancing existing habitats to offset impacts that cannot be avoided or reduced. It is also often applied with certain objectives for biodiversity levels or specific ecosystems in mind, such as "no net loss" or "net gain".

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is an outcome of the 2022 United Nations Biodiversity Conference. Its tentative title had been the "Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework". The GBF was adopted by the 15th Conference of Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on 19 December 2022. It has been promoted as a "Paris Agreement for Nature". It is one of a handful of agreements under the auspices of the CBD, and it is the most significant to date. It has been hailed as a "huge, historic moment" and a "major win for our planet and for all of humanity."

The Framework is named after two cities, Kunming, which was scheduled to be the host city for COP15 in October 2020 but postponed and subsequently relinquished the hosting duties due to China's COVID policy, and Montreal, which is the seat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat and stepped in to host COP15 after Kunming's cancellation.
Skeletocutis substellae
Skeletocutis substellae is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in China, it was described as new to science in 2011 by mycologist Yu-Cheng Dai. The holotype specimen was collected in Hainan, was it was found growing on the rotting wood of Dacrydium elatum. Spores of the fungus are allantoid (sausage shaped), translucent, thin-walled, and smooth, typically measuring 2.8–3.5 by 0.7–1 μm. S. substellae was named for its similarity to S. stellae. Differences from this latter fungus include swollen skeletal hyphae when mounted in a solution of potassium hydroxide, and smaller spores.

Skeletocutis stellae
Skeletocutis stellae is a species of fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae.

It is native to Eurasia and Northern America.
S. stellae is found growing on spruce and pine, mostly in old-growth, undisturbed forest habitats. (Kotiranta & Niemelä 1996, Niemelä 1998).
Ashington railway station
Ashington is a railway station on the Northumberland Line, which runs between Newcastle and Ashington. The station serves the town of Ashington in Northumberland, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Department for Transport
The Department for Transport (DfT) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is wholly responsible for overseeing the transport network in England, and for limited transport matters that are not devolved to the governments of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The department develops national transport policy, coordinates infrastructure investment, and regulates transport services. It is headed by the Secretary of State for Transport, who is supported by a ministerial team and the Permanent Secretary as the department’s most senior civil servant.

The department’s expenditure, administration and policy are scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.
Ken McGregor (footballer)
Ken McGregor (born 29 January 1981) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted at pick 75 in the 1998 AFL draft. After retiring from professional football he spent some time as a political journalist for the Adelaide Advertiser before moving to Canberra.  He also played football for Ainslie in the North East Australian Football League (NEAFL). He was the coach of the Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) in 2013 and coached fellow SANFL club North Adelaide in 2014 and until his contract was terminated after round 9 of the 2015 season.

Neil Craig
Neil Passmore Craig (born 11 January 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach. He is best known as being coach of the Adelaide Football Club from 2004 to 2011. He also notably served as caretaker coach of the Melbourne Football Club in 2013.

As a player Craig played for the Norwood Football Club, Sturt Football Club and the North Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).
Venturi effect
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another, smaller section. As the fluid flows into a smaller area, the fluid's velocity increases, while the static pressure decreases.

The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the Italian Physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi, and was first published in 1797.

The effect has various applications in Engineering, Architecture, and everyday objects such as Atomizers that disperse perfume or spray paint and Wine aerators. The reduction in pressure inside the constriction can be used both for measuring the fluid flow and for moving other fluids (e.g. in a vacuum ejector).

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Mushi-Uta
Mushi-Uta (Japanese: ムシウタ, Hepburn: Mushiuta; "Song of Insects") is a Japanese light novel series written by Kyouhei Iwai and illustrated by Ruroo. There is also a short story series called Mushi-Uta bug that is serialized in The Sneaker magazine. A manga adaptation by Seijuro Miz is serialized in Shōnen Ace magazine. An anime television series adaptation written by Reiko Yoshida and directed by Kazuo Sakai began airing on July 6, 2007.

The Sneaker
The Sneaker (ザ・スニーカー, Za Sunīkā) is a Japanese light novel magazine that was published by Kadokawa Shoten between 1993 and 2011. It was launched April 1993 then proceeded to be published monthly for most of its run. The magazine was aimed at a young adult male audience. It serialized many popular light novels, including the Haruhi Suzumiya and Trinity Blood series, and the novel adaptations of the Code Geass anime series. In the final year of its run, the Sneaker editor in Chief Koichi Sakamoto said the company would expand their 'Bunko' (pocket sized paper back books), and broaden their use of web and electronic books in response to their readers needs.
Hellenic State
Hellenic State (Greek: Ελληνική Πολιτεία), also translated as Greek State, was used as the official name of the modern Greek state three times in its history:

First Hellenic Republic during the period of governance by Ioannis Kapodistrias in 1828–1832, when Greece was first constituted as a regular state after the Greek War of Independence.

The first few months of the Second Hellenic Republic, after which the name was changed to Hellenic Republic on 24 May 1924.

Hellenic State, during the period of Axis occupation (1941–1944) of the country during World War II, when the pro-Axis government renamed the country in opposition to the pro-Allies Kingdom of Greece, which remained in exile in Egypt.

First Hellenic Republic
The First Hellenic Republic (Greek: Αʹ Ελληνική Δημοκρατίαcode: ell promoted to code: el ) was the provisional Greek state during the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire. From 1822 until 1827, it was known as the Provisional Administration of Greece, and between 1827 and 1833, it was known as the Hellenic State.

"First Hellenic Republic" is a historiographical term. It is used by academics and the Greek government to emphasize the constitutional and democratic nature of the revolutionary regime prior to the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, and associate this period of Greek history with the later Second and Third Republics.
Dodunekov Bluff
Dodunekov Bluff (Bulgarian: Додунеков рид, romanized: Dodunekov rid, IPA: [doˈdunɛkov ˈrid]) is the ice-covered bluff rising to 1382 m in the west foothills of Bruce Plateau on Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It has steep and partly ice-free southwest slopes, and surmounts Caulfield Glacier to the north and Rickmers Glacier to the south.

The peak is named after Stefan Dodunekov (1945-2012), for his support for the Bulgarian Antarctic topographic surveys and mapping.

Bruce Plateau
Bruce Plateau (66°S 64°W﻿ / ﻿66°S 64°W﻿ / -66; -64) is an ice-covered plateau, at least 90 nautical miles (170 km) long and about 1,830 metres (6,000 ft) high, extending northeast from the heads of Gould Glacier and Erskine Glacier to the vicinity of Flandres Bay, in Graham Land. It borders Avery Plateau on the south and Forbidden Plateau on the north. The first sighting of this plateau has not been ascertained, but it was presumably seen in January 1909 by members of the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot from their position in Pendleton Strait. The plateau was mapped from aerial photographs and from Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey surveys, 1946–62, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after William S. Bruce, a Scottish polar explorer and leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04.
Ugaritic
Ugaritic (/ˌ(j)uːɡəˈrɪtɪk/ (Y)OOG-ə-RIT-ik) is an extinct Northwest Semitic language known through the Ugaritic texts discovered by French archaeologists in 1928 at Ugarit, including several major literary texts, notably the Baal cycle. The script is described as “a special alphabetic Cuneiform,” reflecting an idiom related to Canaanite and Hebrew languages.

Like Hebrew the short script of Ugarit has twenty-two characters: nearly identical to Hebrew in terms of their phonetic values (what they sound like) if not in terms of the visual elements or media of their inscription. Early samples of Hebrew are scratched on stone or potsherds whereas Ugaritic is punched on clay, like cuneiform.

A scholar of the period hailed Ugaritic as "the greatest literary discovery from antiquity since the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian cuneiform.”

Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Semitic languages. There is no consensus regarding the location of the linguistic homeland for Proto-Semitic: scholars hypothesize that it may have originated in the Levant, the Sahara, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, or northern Africa.

The Semitic language family is considered part of the broader macro-family of Afroasiatic languages.
Snežana Nikšić
Snežana Nikšić (Serbian Cyrillic: Снежана Никшић, 30 November 1943 – 2 April 2022) was a Serbian film and television actress. She was born in Niš, part of German-occupied Serbia.

She was married to Ljuba Tadić.

Ljuba Tadić
Ljubomir "Ljuba" Tadić (Serbian Cyrillic: Љубомир Љуба Тадић; 31 May 1929 – 28 October 2005) was a Yugoslav actor who enjoyed a reputation as one of the greatest names in the history of former Yugoslav cinema.
Takarazuka Kofun (Izumo)
The  Takarazuka Kofun (宝塚古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Shimogoshi-cho neighborhood of the city of Izumo, Shimane in the San'in region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1931.  It is believed to have been built in the middle of the 6th century, or towards the end of the Kofun period. It is also called the  Ippo-zuka (一保塚).

Izumo, Shimane
Izumo (出雲市, Izumo-shi) is a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 172,841 in 69,435 households and a population density of 280 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 624.36 square kilometers (241.07 sq mi).