hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Suboesophageal ganglion
The suboesophageal ganglion (acronym: SOG; synonym: subesophageal ganglion) of arthropods and in particular insects is part of the arthropod central nervous system (CNS). As indicated by its name, it is located below the oesophagus, inside the head. As part of the ventral nerve cord, it is connected (via pairs of connections) to the brain (or supraoesophageal ganglion) and to the first thoracic ganglion (or protothoracic ganglion). Its nerves innervate the sensory organs and muscles of the mouthparts and the salivary glands. Neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion control movement of the head and neck as well.

It is composed of three pairs of fused ganglia, each of which is associated with a pair of mouthparts. Therefore, the fused parts are called the mandibular,  maxillary and labial ganglia.

Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.
Pete Broadbent
Peter Alan Broadbent (born 31 July 1952), known as Pete Broadbent, is an English Anglican bishop. He served as the Bishop of Willesden, an area bishop in the Church of England Diocese of London for twenty years, 2001–2021. During the vacancy in the diocesan see from 2017 to 2018, he served as Acting Bishop of London.

Richard Chartres
Richard John Carew Chartres, Baron Chartres, GCVO, ChStJ, PC, FSA, FBS (/ˈtʃɑːrtərz/; born 11 July 1947) is a retired senior bishop of the Church of England.

Chartres served as area Bishop of Stepney from 1992 to 1995 and Bishop of London from 1995 to 2017. He was sworn of the Privy Council in the same year he became Bishop of London, having been Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1987 to 1992. In October 2017, Chartres was created a life peer, and now sits as a crossbencher in the House of Lords, previously sitting as a Lord Spiritual.
Sam Aanestad
Samuel Mark Aanestad (July 16, 1946 – May 6, 2018) was an American physician, surgeon, and politician. A Republican, he served in the California State Assembly from the 3rd District from 1998 to 2002 and a member of the California State Senate from the 4th district from 2002 to 2010. He was an unsuccessful candidate for California's 1st Congressional District, which was being vacated by retiring Congressman Wally Herger.

Wally Herger
Walter William Herger Jr. (born May 20, 1945) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for California's 2nd congressional district from 1987 to 2013. A member of the Republican Party, his district was the state's largest congressional district by area. It covered almost all of interior Northern California including Chico, Redding and Red Bluff. On January 10, 2012, Herger announced he would not seek re-election in November.
Office for Students
The Office for Students (OfS) is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Education of the United Kingdom Government. It acts as the regulator and competition authority for the higher education sector in England.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Margareta Cederschiöld
Margareta Cordelia Cederschiöld (30 December 1879 – 29 July 1962) was a Swedish tennis player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. She was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the outdoor singles. She lost in the first round in the indoor singles. In the indoor mixed doubles, she and her partner Carl Kempe finished fourth without competing in the bronze medal match.

Her brother Hugo was an Olympic shooter.

Hugo Cederschiöld
General Hugo Montgomery Cederschiöld (25 September 1878 – 17 March 1968) was a senior officer in the Swedish Army. He served as commander of Svea Life Guards (1936–1938); Commandant of Stockholm (1938–1945); Commander of Stockholm Defence District (1942–1945); Norrtälje Defence District (1943–1945) and Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff (1950–1963). Cederschiöld also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 2017 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were the World Championship for cyclo-cross for the season 2016–17. It was held in Bieles in Luxembourg on Saturday 28 and Sunday 29 January 2017. The championships featured five events; men's races for elite, under-23 and junior riders, and women's races for elite and under-23 riders.

UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.
Han (cultural)
Han (Korean: 한), or haan, is a concept of an emotion, variously described as some form of grief or resentment, among others, that is said to be an essential element of Korean identity by some, and a modern post-colonial identity by others.

The historicity of han in premodern Korea is disputed. A national culture of han did not exist in premodern Korea. The contemporary concept of han, that it is a national characteristic of the Korean people, is a modern phenomenon that originated during the Japanese occupation of Korea from Japanese colonial stereotypes and the characterization of Korean art and culture as "sorrowful" in Yanagi Sōetsu's theory of the "beauty of sorrow". The idea that han is a specifically Korean characteristic was adopted and popularized by Koreans in the 20th century. Han has declined significantly in South Korea but maintains popularity in the Korean American community.

Hwabyeong
Hwabyeong or Hwapyŏng (Korean: 화병; Hanja: 火病) is a Korean somatization disorder, a mental illness which arises when people are unable to confront their anger as a result of conditions which they perceive to be unfair. Hwabyeong is known as a Korean culture-bound syndrome. Hwabyeong is a colloquial name, and it refers to the etiology of the disorder rather than its symptoms or apparent characteristics. In one survey, 4.1% of the general population in a rural area in South Korea were reported as having hwabyeong. Hwabyeong is similar to Amuk.
Koposov 2
Koposov 2 is a low-luminosity globular cluster in the constellation Gemini in the halo of the Milky Way galaxy. It was discovered, along with globular cluster Koposov 1 by S. Koposov et al. in 2007. Koposov 1 and Koposov 2 were described by their discoverers as the "lowest luminosity globular clusters orbiting the Milky Way," along with AM 4, Palomar 1, and Whiting 1.

Palomar 1
Palomar 1 is a globular cluster, part of the Palomar group in the constellation Cepheus in the
halo possibly in the Outer Arm of the Milky Way galaxy. First discovered by George O. Abell in 1954 on the Palomar Survey Sky plates,
it was catalogued as a globular cluster.

At 6.3 to 8 Gyr, it is a very young cluster when compared to the other globular clusters in the Milky Way.
It is a relatively metal-poor globular with [Fe/H] = −0.60.
It is likely that Palomar 1 has a similar evolutionary history to the Sagittarius dwarf companion globular Terzan 7, that is, it may have once been associated
with a dwarf spheroidal galaxy that was later destroyed by tidal forces.
Heterocrossa maculosa
Heterocrossa maculosa is a species of moth in the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been found in the southern half of the South Island. Larvae feed on Hoheria angustifolia and Plagianthus regius. Adults are on the wing from November to January. This species is classified as "Data Deficient" by the Department of Conservation.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
Jung Nam-suk
Jung Nam-suk is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.

She won a gold medal in bantamweight at the 1989 World Taekwondo Championships in Seoul, by defeating Chen Yi-an in the semifinal, and Diane Murray in the final.

Diane Murray
Diane Murray is a former US Olympian, competing in taekwondo.  Murray earned a silver medal in the 1992 Olympic Games and a bronze medal at the 1993 World Taekwondo Championships in the bantamweight division. In 1992, at the age of 39, she was inducted into the Black Belt magazine Hall of Fame.
Bombingham
Bombingham is a nickname for Birmingham, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement due to the 50 dynamite explosions that occurred in the city between 1947 and 1965. The bombings were initially used against African Americans attempting to move into neighborhoods with entirely white residents. Later, the bombings were used against anyone working towards racial desegregation in the city. One neighborhood within Birmingham experienced so many bombings it developed the nickname of Dynamite Hill.

Arthur Shores
Arthur Davis Shores (September 25, 1904 – December 16, 1996) was an American civil rights attorney who was considered Alabama's "drum major for justice". Admitted to the Alabama State Bar in 1937, Shores played a leading role in the fight for civil rights for African-Americans in Alabama and was the first African American to sit on the Birmingham City Council.
2017 AG13
2017 AG13 is a small Aten asteroid that made a close approach of 0.54 lunar distances from Earth on January 9, 2017. It was the largest asteroid to pass less than 1 lunar distance from Earth since 2016 QA2 on August 28, 2016. The Catalina Sky Survey observed it first on January 7, 2017, only two days before its closest approach. At its brightest, 2017 AG13 reached apparent magnitude 12.2. Shortly after, it moved too close to the Sun to be seen by telescopes.

The asteroid frequently makes close approaches to Earth, possibly passing as close as 127,000 kilometres (79,000 mi) to Earth on January 9, 2069, however it will most likely pass much farther away.

Based on an absolute magnitude of 26.1, 2017 AG13 is likely 15–36 metres (49–118 feet) across, assuming a typical asteroid albedo of between 0.05 and 0.3.

Catalina Sky Survey
Catalina Sky Survey (CSS; obs. codes: 703 and G96) is an astronomical survey to discover comets and asteroids. It is conducted at the Steward Observatory's Catalina Station, located near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States.

CSS focuses on the search for near-Earth objects, in particular on any potentially hazardous asteroid that may pose a threat of impact. Its counterpart in the southern hemisphere was the Siding Spring Survey (SSS), closed in 2013 due to loss of funding. CSS supersedes the photographic Bigelow Sky Survey.
Mitsugetsu-shō
Mitsugetsu-shō (蜜月抄, "Honeymoon Excerpt"), is a live compilation album by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena. It was released on her 15th anniversary on November 13, 2013, alongside a collaborations compilation album called Ukina. The album consists of recordings taken from Sheena's solo concert DVDs released between 2000 and 2008, as well as material from the NHK music television show Songs in 2009.

Electric Mole
"Electric Mole (エレクトリック・モール)" is a concert video recorded on Ringo Sheena's nationwide "Sugoroku Ecstasy (雙六エクスタシー, Sugoroku Ecstasy)" tour in the summer of 2003. The DVD was released on December 17, 2003, by distributor Toshiba EMI/Virgin Music.

The first pressing of the DVD was available as a special limited edition, entitled "Hardcover Karakuri Book Shiyou (ハードカバー・カラクリ・ブック仕様, Hardcover Trick Book Style)" and included a book attached to the DVD case which included a photographic history of Sheena's life and musical activities over the past five years, as well as bonus video content on the DVD.
HD 152079
HD 152079 is a star with an orbiting exoplanet in the southern constellation of Ara. It is located at a distance of 287 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −21 km/s. At that distance the star is much too faint to be visible with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 9.18.

This is a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G6V. Age estimates range from 1.6 to 6.2 billion years. It has 1.15 times the mass of the Sun and 1.13 times the Sun's girth. This is a metal-rich star, having a higher iron abundance than in the Sun. The star is radiating 1.44 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,907 K.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
2019 Columbus Challenger
The 2019 Columbus Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Columbus, United States between 7 and 13 January 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
HMS Galatea (1794)
HMS Galatea was a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy designed by George Parsons at Bursledon and launched in 1794. Before she was broken up in 1809 she captured numerous prizes and participated in a number of actions, first in the Channel and off Ireland (1794–1803), and then in the Caribbean (1802–1809), including one that earned her crew the Naval General Service Medal.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Asutifi District
Asutifi District is a former district that was located in Brong-Ahafo Region (now currently in Ahafo Region), Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988. However on 1 February 2012 (effectively 28 June 2012), it was split off into two new districts: Asutifi North District (capital: Kenyasi) and Asutifi South District (capital: Hwidiem). The district assembly was located in the southwest part of Brong-Ahafo Region (now central part of Ahafo Region) and had Kenyasi as its capital town.

Kenyasi
Kenyasi is a town in Ghana and it's the capital of the Asutifi North District in the Ahafo Region. Kenyasi is a combination of two towns: Kenyasi No.1 and Kenyasi No.2. Kenyasi has abundance of Gold resources hence Newmont, Ghana Ahafo mine having their operations in the area since 2007. Kenyasi has direct routes to  places such as Mim, Ahafo( 24 km); Hwidiem (5 km); Ntotroso (13 km). Notable secondary educational institution in this town is the OLA Girls Senior High School (Kenyasi).
2019 CAA women's basketball tournament
The 2019 Colonial Athletic Association women's basketball tournament is the upcoming postseason women's basketball tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) for the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The tournament will be held March 13–16, 2019 at the Bob Carpenter Center in Newark, Delaware. The champion will receive the CAA's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Towson won the conference tournament championship game over Drexel, 53–49 to send Towson to their first ever NCAA tournament.

Newark, Delaware
Newark (/ˈnjuːɑːrk/ NEW-ark) is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Home to the University of Delaware, it is located 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Wilmington and 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Philadelphia. According to the 2020 census, the town's population is 30,601. It constitutes part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Diana Ross (author)
Diana Patience Beverly Ross (8 July 1910 – 4 May 2000) was an English children's author. A graduate of the Central School of Art in London, she also worked on sculpture and graphic arts and illustrated several of her own books under the name of her cat, Gri.

Jan Le Witt
Jan Le Witt (1907–1991) was a Polish-born British abstract artist, graphic designer and illustrator. He had a long professional partnership with George Him. As a design company, Lewitt-Him brought an innovative use of colour, abstraction and symbolism to commercial design. They established a reputation for fine poster work during World War Two and for exhibition displays, most notably with the Guinness clock for the Festival of Britain. The partnership dissolved in 1955 when Le Witt decided to concentrate upon his own, often abstract, art.
Coastal leaf-toed gecko
The coastal leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodacylus kofordi), also known commonly as the Tumbesian leaf-toed gecko is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to South America.

Raymond B. Huey
Raymond Brunson Huey (born 14 September 1944) is a biologist specializing in evolutionary physiology.  He has taught at the University of Washington (UW), and he earned his Ph.D. in biology at Harvard University under E. E. Williams.  He has recently been the chair of the university's biology department, but a retirement celebration was held on 4 Oct. 2013 in Seattle.
Betsy Rawls
Elizabeth Earle Rawls (May 4, 1928 – October 21, 2023) was an American professional golfer who played on LPGA Tour. She won eight major championships and 55 LPGA Tour career events. She was a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

Texas Women's Open
The Texas Women's Open is a golf tournament that originated in 1933 in the Fort Worth, Texas area. From 1950 to 1954, it was an LPGA Tour event.  The Women's Texas Open stopped in 1955, and was revived by the North Texas section of the PGA of America in 2001 in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex to promote interest in women's golf in the region. The 2020 event featured a stronger than normal field as several LPGA Tour players competed due to the hiatus caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nardeo Singh
Nardeo Singh is an Indian politician and a member of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh, in India. He represented the Chandpur Assembly constituency and is an Independent politician

2nd Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Second Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a.Second Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 1 April 1957 as a result of 1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election which was concluded on 25 February 1957. The Second Legislative Assembly had 430 elected and 1 nominated MLAs. The assembly was in house for full term of five years before being dissolved on 6 Mar 1962.
Porhalaan
The Porhalaan is the traditional calendar of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The Batak Calendar is a lunisolar calendar consisting of 12 months divided to 30 days with an occasional leap month. The Batak calendar is derived from Hindu calendar. The Batak people do not use the porhalaan as a mean to tell time, but rather to determine auspicious day, which is only used by the Batak shaman.

Lunisolar calendar
A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures, that combines monthly lunar cycles with the solar year. As with all calendars which divide the year into months, there is an additional requirement that the year have a whole number of months (Moon cycles). The majority of years have twelve months but every second or third year is an embolismic year, which adds a thirteenth intercalary, embolismic, or leap month.

In contrast to purely lunar calendars such as the Islamic calendar, lunisolar calendars have additional intercalation rules that reset them periodically into a rough agreement with the solar year and thus with the seasons.
Cynaropicrin
Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone of the guaianolide type found mainly in leaves of artichoke plants. It is one of the compounds that gives the artichoke its characteristic bitterness. It is found in artichoke leaves with an abundance of approximately 87 g/kg, but can hardly be found in other parts of the plant. Cynaropicrin makes up about 0.7% of leaf extracts of the artichoke. It exhibits a large diversity of bioactivities and shows properties such as anti-inflammatory, antifeedant and activation of bitter sensory receptors, but has not yet been used in medicine. Despite its pharmacologically beneficial properties, it can be toxic in higher doses. The compound has attracted attention in recent years as a potential anticancer drug.

Guaianolide
In organic chemistry, a guaianolide is a type of sesquiterpene lactone consisting of a gamma-lactone and either a cyclopentane or cyclopentene, both fused to a central cycloheptane or cycloheptene structure.  There are two subclasses, structural isomers differing in the location that part of the lactone is bonded to the central ring, known as 6,12-guaianolides and 8,12-guaianolides.

Because some of the natural products in this class of tricyclic phytochemical have been found to be potentially biologically active, there has been interest in their chemical syntheses. The full biosynthetic origin of most of the known guaianolides has not been established, but the pathway is generally presumed to begin with the formation of a germacrene lactone derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate.