hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Andrews Cathedral
The Cathedral of St Andrew (often referred to as St Andrews Cathedral) is a ruined cathedral in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It was built in 1158 and became the centre of the Medieval Catholic Church in Scotland as the seat of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and the Bishops and Archbishops of St Andrews. It fell into disuse and ruin after the Catholic mass was outlawed during the 16th-century Scottish Reformation. It is a monument in the custody of Historic Environment Scotland. The ruins indicate that the  building was approximately 119 m (390 ft) long, and is the largest church to have been built in Scotland.

Archbishop of St Andrews
The Bishop of St. Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, Scots: Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews in the Catholic Church and then, from 14 August 1472, as Archbishop of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn), the Archdiocese of St Andrews.

The name St Andrews is not the town or church's original name. Originally it was Cellrígmonaid ("church of the king's mounth" hence Cill Rìmhinn) located at Cennrígmonaid ("head of the king's mounth"); hence the town became Kilrymont (i.e. Cellrígmonaid) in the non-Gaelic orthography of the High Middle Ages. Today St Andrews has replaced both Kilrymont (and variants) as well as the older English term Anderston as the name of the town and bishopric.

The bishopric itself appears to originate in the period 700–900. By the 11th century, it is clear that it was the most important bishopric in Scotland.
Brigitte Mohnhaupt
Brigitte Margret Ida Mohnhaupt (born 24 June 1949) is a German convicted former terrorist associated with the second generation of the Red Army Faction (RAF) members. She was also part of the Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK). From 1971 until 1982 she was active within the RAF.

Gudrun Ensslin
Gudrun Ensslin (German: [ˈɡuːdʁuːn ˈɛnsliːn]; 15 August 1940 – 18 October 1977) was a German far-left terrorist and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, or RAF, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang).

After becoming involved with co-founder Andreas Baader, Ensslin was influential in the development of his political beliefs. Ensslin was perhaps the intellectual head of the RAF. She was involved in five bomb attacks, with four deaths, was arrested in 1972 and died on 18 October 1977 in what has been called Stammheim Prison's "Death Night".
Emmanuel Lutheran Church (R M Lumsden, Saskatchewan)
Emmanuel Lutheran Church is a designated municipal heritage property in the Rural Municipality of Lumsden No. 189, Saskatchewan, Canada, 16 km (9.9 mi) north of the town of Craven.  Originally built in 1916 to meet the religious needs of local Lutheran settlers in the area this church acted as model for other rural Lutheran churches to be built in Canada.  In 1971 the building was sold to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  The building was later purchased by the Rural Municipality and restored back to the original design used when it was a Lutheran church, including reinstalling the spire.  The building is no longer used for regular religious service but for special events.

Rural Municipality of Lumsden No. 189
The Rural Municipality of Lumsden No. 189 (2016 population: 1,938) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 6 and SARM Division No. 2. It is located in the south-east portion of the province.
Washington Education Association
The Washington Education Association (WEA) is the statewide teachers' union for the state of Washington, United States. It was founded on April 2–3, 1889 as the Washington State Teachers Association. The WEA was the defendant in Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n, a landmark public-sector union case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.

Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n
Davenport v. Washington Education Association, 551 U.S. 177 (2007), is a ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that it does not violate the First Amendment for a state to require its public-sector unions to receive affirmative authorization from a non-member before spending that nonmember's agency fees for election-related purposes.
Arbeatha Park
Arbeatha Park is a sub-neighbourhood of Lynwood Village, which is in turn a sub-neighbourhood of Bells Corners in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Bounded to the west is Moodie Drive, north is Old Richmond Road, east is Lynwood Village and south is a forest owned by the city of Ottawa.

The neighbourhood is the second area to be developed in Bells Corners from 1955 to 1958. Later in the 1970s more townhouses were built on Old Richmond Road. It is home to Arbeatha Park located on Arbeatha Street. A mosque called Jamiatul Muslemeen is on Moodie Drive. It was home to D. Aubrey Moodie Public School, which was Bell Corners' junior high school ranging from grades 6–8.
D.A.Moodie Public School was closed in 2017.

Lynwood Village
45°19′08″N 75°49′19″W﻿ / ﻿45.319°N 75.822°W﻿ / 45.319; -75.822
Lynwood Village is a neighbourhood in Bells Corners, west of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The neighbourhood is also known as Bells Corners East. The homes were built in between 1958 and 1966. It is one of the first examples of tract housing in Ottawa. The neighbourhood is bounded to the north Robertson Road, east is presumably Highway 416, south by Hunt Club Road, and the west is Moodie Drive.
Anzac Day
Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia, New Zealand and Tonga that broadly commemorates all Australians and New Zealanders "who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served". Observed on 25 April each year, Anzac Day was originally devised to honour the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who served in the Gallipoli campaign, their first engagement in the First World War (1914–1918).

John Simpson Kirkpatrick
John Kirkpatrick (6 July 1892 – 19 May 1915), commonly known as John Simpson, was a stretcher bearer with the 3rd Australian Field Ambulance during the Gallipoli campaign – the Allied attempt to capture Constantinople, capital of the Ottoman Empire, during the First World War.

After the landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915, Simpson used donkeys to provide first aid and carry wounded soldiers to the beach, from where they could be evacuated. He continued this work for three and a half weeks – often under fire – until he was killed by machine-gun fire during the third attack on Anzac Cove. Simpson and his donkey have become part of the Anzac legend.
Tom Enders
Thomas Enders (born December 21, 1958) is a German business executive who served as the chief executive of Airbus (formerly EADS, Airbus Group) from 2012 until 2019. Since 2019, Thomas has been the president of the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP).

Aviation Week & Space Technology
Aviation Week & Space Technology, often abbreviated Aviation Week or AW&ST, is the flagship magazine of the Aviation Week Network, a division of Informa. The weekly magazine is available in print and online, reporting on the aerospace, defense and aviation industries, with a core focus on aerospace technology. It has a reputation for its contacts inside the United States military and industry organizations.

Aviation Week was a favorite conduit for defense-related companies and labs to leak information to the public as part of their policy by press release efforts. This led to it being informally referred to "Aviation Leak and Space Mythology".
Time To Fly Backplane SL
The Time To Fly Backplane SL is a Lithuanian paramotor that was designed and produced by Time to Fly of Kaunas for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.
Antonio López García
Antonio López García (born 6 January 1936) is a Spanish painter and sculptor, known for his realistic style. He has been praised by leading art critics, such as Robert Hughes, who considered him "the greatest realist artist alive" in 1986. His style sometimes is deemed hyperrealistic. His painting was the subject of the film El Sol del Membrillo, by Victor Erice, in 1992.

Hyperrealism (visual arts)
Hyperrealism is a genre of painting and sculpture resembling a high-resolution photograph.  Hyperrealism is considered an advancement of photorealism by the methods used to create the resulting paintings or sculptures.  The term is primarily applied to an independent art movement and art style in the United States and Europe that has developed since the early 1970s. Carole Feuerman is the forerunner in the hyperrealism movement along with Duane Hanson and John De Andrea.
WRXK-FM
WRXK-FM (96.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Bonita Springs, Florida, United States, and serving the Fort Myers-Naples-Marco Island area of Southwest Florida. It airs a mainstream rock format branded as "96 K-Rock", and carries Miami Dolphins football games during the NFL season. The studios are on South Tamiami Trail in Estero.

The transmitter is located off Carter Road in Corkscrew, Florida. WRXK-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology; its digital subchannel is a simulcast of WBCN.

Bonita Springs, Florida
Bonita Springs is a city in Lee County, Florida, United States. The population was 53,644 at the 2020 census, up from 43,914 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, on the state's southwest coast.
ROXs 42Bb
ROXs 42Bb is a directly imaged planetary-mass companion to the binary M star ROXs 42B, a likely member of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.  The companion was independently discovered in December, 2013, by astronomers from University of Texas at Austin & University of Toronto.

The object has a best estimated mass around 9 to 10 Jupiter masses, depending on the age of the star, similar to the masses of directly imaged planets around HR 8799 and beta Pictoris.  However, it is unclear whether ROXs 42Bb formed like these planets via core accretion, by disk (gravitational) instability, or more like a binary star.  Preliminary fits of the spectra and broadband photometry to atmospheric models imply a radius of 2.43 ± 0.18 RJ for an effective temperature of about 2,000 K or a radius of 2.55 ± 0.20 RJ for about 1950 K.  Like Beta Pictoris b, ROXs 42Bb's atmosphere is likely very cloudy and dusty.

The object is located in the constellation Ophiuchus, near the border with Scorpius.

Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/) is a large constellation straddling the celestial equator. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek ὀφιοῦχος (ophioûkhos), meaning "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping a snake. The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. An old alternative name for the constellation was Serpentarius.
Hanford, California
Hanford is the most populous city in and the county seat of Kings County, California, located in the San Joaquin Valley region of the greater Central Valley. The population was 57,990 at the 2020 census.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
Smithfield, Cumbria
Smithfield is a village located in the parish of Kirklinton Middle approximately 8 miles north of Carlisle in Cumbria, England, and has a population of around 250. The main road through the village, the A6071, leads to the nearby market towns of Longtown (west, 4 miles) and Brampton (east, 6 miles).

Smithfield can be described as a commuter village with the vast majority of the adult population working in Carlisle. With infrequent public transport (Stagecoach) to Carlisle, most journeys are made by car.

Kirklinton Middle
Kirklinton Middle is a civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 384.

The parish is bordered to the north west by Arthuret, the boundary following the River Lyne; to the north east by Hethersgill; to the south east by Scaleby; and to the south west by Westlinton. The A6071 road from Longtown to Brampton runs through the parish. The small village of Kirklinton lies in the extreme north east of the parish, and is partly in the parish of Hethersgill (thus, the church is in Kirklinton but the adjacent vicarage is in Hethersgill).

There is a parish council, the lowest tier of local government.
Nina Petrova
Nina Pavlovna Petrova (Russian: Нина Павловна Петрова; 27 July 1893 – 1 May 1945) was a Soviet sniper during the Winter War and World War II. She was credited with 122 kills by the Soviet government. She was posthumously awarded the Order of Glory 1st class on 29 June 1945, making her one of only four women to be awarded all three classes of the award.

Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"
The Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad" (Russian: Медаль «За оборону Ленинграда») was a World War II campaign medal of the Soviet Union established on December 22, 1942 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to recognise the valour and hard work of the Soviet civilian and military defenders of Leningrad during the 872-day siege of the city by the German armed forces between September 8, 1941 and January 27, 1944.  The medal's statute was later amended by Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on March 8, 1945.  and again one last time on July 18, 1980 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR № 2523-X.
Keith Berry (fighter)
Keith Berry (born October 25, 1987) is an American mixed martial artist who competed in Bellator's Middleweight division. A professional fighter since 2005, Berry has formerly fought for the WEC, Strikeforce, King of the Cage and Elite XC ShoXC. Berry is the former 2x King of the Cage Middleweight Champion.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 79
United Nations Security Council Resolution 79, adopted on January 17, 1950, having received and the text of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 300 concerning the regulation and general reduction of conventional armaments and armed forces, the Council decided to transmit the resolution to the Commission for Conventional Armaments for further study in accordance with the Commission’s plan of work.

The resolution was adopted with nine votes. Yugoslavia was present but did not vote, and the Soviet Union was absent.

Arms control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
Cataracts of the Nile
The Cataracts of the Nile are shallow lengths (or whitewater rapids) of the Nile river, between Khartoum and Aswan, where the surface of the water is broken by many small boulders and stones jutting out of the river bed, as well as many rocky islets. In some places, these stretches are punctuated by whitewater, while at others the water flow is smoother but still shallow.

Rapids
Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid to be created.
The Chechahcos
The Chechahcos is a 1924 American silent adventure drama film about the gold rush days in the Klondike.  Chechahco, more commonly spelled cheechako, is a Chinook Jargon word for "newcomer", and the film focuses on a group of would-be prospectors sailing for Alaska. The film was directed by Lewis H. Moomaw and produced by Austin E. Lathrop, who himself was once a prospector. The film was distributed by Associated Exhibitors. The film was the first shot on location in Alaska.

Klondike, Yukon
The Klondike (/ˈklɒndaɪk/; from Hän  Tr'ondëk 'hammerstone water') is a region of the territory of Yukon, in northwestern Canada. It lies around the Klondike River, a small river that enters the Yukon River from the east at Dawson City. The area is merely an informal geographic region, and has no function to the territory as any kind of administrative region.

The Klondike is famed due to the Klondike Gold Rush, which started in 1896 and lasted until 1899. Since then, gold has been mined continuously in that area, except for a pause in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

In 2023, the cultural landscape of the Tr'ondëk-Klondike was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, because of its testimony to the adaptation of the Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in people to the European colonization that began in the late 19th century.
Marco Wanderwitz
Marco Wanderwitz (born 10 October 1975) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). From 2018 until 2021, he served as Parliamentary State Secretary in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Parliamentary State Secretary
A Parliamentary State Secretary (Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär, PStS) is a member of the Bundestag given a portfolio to assist a Minister with running a government ministry. The position is roughly analogous to deputy ministers.

The position was first introduced in 1967 to help younger politicians gain experience for future ministerial roles. In 2021, there were 36 parliamentary state secretaries in the Merkel IV Cabinet.
Regalia of the Russian tsars
Regalia of the Russian tsars are the insignia of tsars and emperors of Russia, who ruled from the 13th to the 19th century. Over the centuries, the specific items used by Tsars changed greatly; the largest such shift occurred in the 18th century, when Peter the Great reformed the state to align it more closely with Western European monarchies.

After the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks sold the majority of the Romanovs' regalia, but the most important items, including the key coronation regalia, were placed in the Kremlin Armoury. Since 1967, they have been available for public viewing through the Diamond Fund permanent exposition.

Crown (heraldry)
A crown is often an emblem of a sovereign state, usually a monarchy (see The Crown), but also used by some republics.

A specific type of crown is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium.

Crowns are also often used as symbols of religious status or veneration, by divinities (or their representation such as a statue) or by their representatives, e.g. the Black Crown of the Karmapa Lama, sometimes used a model for wider use by devotees.

A crown can be a charge in a coat of arms, or set atop the shield to signify the status of its owner, as with the coat of arms of Norway.
Public service obligation
In the context of European Union law, a public service obligation or PSO is an obligation imposed on an organisation by legislation or contract to provide a service of general interest within EU territories. PSOs may operate in any field of public service, but postal services, social services, energy, transport and banking are specific sectors where the concept is relevant.

Transport law
Transport law (or transportation law) is the area of law dealing with transport.  The laws can apply very broadly at a transport system level or more narrowly to transport things or activities within that system such as vehicles, things and behaviours.  Transport law is generally found in two main areas:

Legislation or statutory law passed or made by elected officials like Parliaments or made by other officials under delegation

Case law decided by courts

Legislation typically consists of statutes known as Acts and delegated legislation like regulations, orders or notices.  Case law consists of judgments, findings and rulings handed down by courts.
Great Northern class O-1
The Great Northern O-1 was a class of 145 American 2-8-2 "Mikado"-type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1911 and 1919 and used by the Great Northern Railway until the late 1950s.

The O-1s, along with other O Class Mikados of the Great Northern, were used system-wide to pull freight trains. As of today, only one O-1 has been preserved, No. 3059, from the second batch of O-1s. It was retired in December 1957 and is on display near the Williston depot in Williston, North Dakota.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Empire Mine State Historic Park
Empire Mine State Historic Park is a state-protected mine and park in the Sierra Nevada mountains in Grass Valley, California, U.S. The Empire Mine is on the National Register of Historic Places, a federal Historic District, and a California Historical Landmark. Since 1975 California State Parks has administered and maintained the mine as a historic site. The Empire Mine is "one of the oldest, largest, deepest, longest and richest gold mines in California". Between 1850 and its closure in 1956, the Empire Mine produced 5.8 million ounces (165 tons) of gold, extracted from 367 miles (591 km) of underground passages.

Stamp mill
A stamp mill (or stamp battery or stamping mill) is a type of mill machine that crushes material by pounding rather than grinding, either for further processing or for extraction of metallic ores. Breaking material down is a type of unit operation.