hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gender quota
A gender quota is a quota used by countries and parties to increase the amount of women or substantive equality based on gender in legislatures. Women are largely underrepresented in parliaments and account for a 26.9% average in parliaments globally. As of November 2021, gender quotas have been adopted in 132 countries. Around the world, quotas vary greatly in their enforcement and the stage of electoral process targeted, creating three main types of quotas: legislated candidate quotas, voluntary party quotas, and reserved seats. Regardless of their prevalence, they are a controversial measure, creating debates concerning their impacts, both negative and positive.

Women in government
In many countries, women have been underrepresented in the government and different institutions. As of 2019, women were still underrepresented in most countries, but were increasingly being elected to be heads of state and government.

As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments was 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents took office in the two decades through to 2016.

Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders. Several countries explored measures that could increase women's participation in government at all levels, from the local to the national and international. Political parties advocating for women can be categorized as either gender egalitarian or gender essentialist.
1956 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1956 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Thurles Sarsfields were the defending champions.

On 30 September 1956, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 3–08 to 1–04 defeat of Lorrha in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their 19th championship title overall and their second title in succession.

1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Holycross-Ballycahill were the defending champions.

On 2 October 1955, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 4–10 to 0–06 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their 18th championship title overall and their first title since 1952.
Ashton, Ontario
The small village of Ashton is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Downtown Ottawa, Ontario. Ashton Station Road runs through the centre of the community, and serves as the south-western boundary line for the City of Ottawa, thus making the eastern portion of the hamlet part of Ottawa, and the western portion part of Beckwith Township.

The headwaters of the Jock River are just to the west of the hamlet. There is a general store, a pub, several churches and a community center. Unlike many communities surrounding the burgeoning city of Ottawa, Ashton has remained relatively unchanged for many years. Public high school students in this area go to South Carleton High School in Richmond or Sacred Heart High School in Stittsville.

Movies filmed in Ashton: The Day

Downtown Ottawa
Downtown Ottawa is the central area of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is sometimes referred to as the Central Business District and contains Ottawa's financial district. It is bordered by the Ottawa River to the north, the Rideau Canal to the east, Gloucester Street to the south and Bronson Avenue to the west. This area and the residential neighbourhood to the south are also known locally as 'Centretown'. The total population of the area is 5,501 (2021 Census).
Neunheilingen
Neunheilingen (German pronunciation: [nɔʏnˈhaɪlɪŋən]) is a village and a former municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany. Since December 2019, it is part of the town Nottertal-Heilinger Höhen. A hoard of early Bronze Age weapons was found in the vicinity of Neunheilingen in the nineteenth century and is now kept at the British Museum in London.

Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis
Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Eichsfeld, Kyffhäuserkreis, Sömmerda, Gotha, Wartburgkreis and the district Werra-Meißner in Hesse.
Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov (politician)
Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov (Udmurt and Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Во́лков; 25 December 1951 – 20 May 2017) was the President of the Udmurt Republic. As President, Volkov was the highest official in the Udmurt Republic, the head of the republic's highest executive body, and leader of its two million citizens. Volkov took office November 3, 2000, for a five-year term after the first presidential elections in the Udmurt Republic took place on October 15, 2000.  Prior to the elections, Volkov was the speaker of the Udmurtia Republican Legislature.

Head of the Udmurt Republic
The position of the Head of the Udmurt Republic is the highest office within the Government of the Udmurt Republic in Russia. The Head is elected by citizens of Russia residing in the republic. Term of service is five years.
Honor Rising: Japan 2019
Honor Rising: Japan 2019 was a two-day professional wrestling supershow event co-produced by the Japanese New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and the American Ring of Honor (ROH) promotions. The shows took place on February 22 and 23, 2019, at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan and were streamed live on NJPW World.

Continuing the partnership between NJPW and ROH, these were the final Honor Rising: Japan shows.

Honor Rising: Japan
Honor Rising: Japan was a professional wrestling event co-promoted by the Japanese New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and American Ring of Honor (ROH) promotions. The event was held annually from 2016 to 2019, taking place in Japan (as opposed to the Global Wars and War of the Worlds series, which the two promotions co-promote in North America).
Matthew 27:63
Matthew 27:63 is the sixty-third verse of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse occurs after the crucifixion and entombment of Jesus. In it the chief priests and the Pharisees are meeting with Pontius Pilate.

Matthew 27
Matthew 27 is the 27th chapter in the Gospel of Matthew, part of the New Testament in the Christian Bible. This chapter contains Matthew's record of the day of the trial, crucifixion and burial of Jesus. Scottish theologian William Robertson Nicoll notes that "the record of this single day is very nearly one-ninth of the whole book".
HD 160342
HD 160342 is a star in the southern constellation of Ara. HD 160342 is its Henry Draper Catalogue designation.  It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.35, making it very faintly visible to the naked eye under ideal observing conditions.  Based upon parallax measurements, is approximately 960 light-years (293 parsecs) distant from Earth.

In 1971, P. M. Corben announced that HD 160342 is a variable star, a discovery made using a telescope equipped with a photoelectric photometer at the Royal Observatory in South Africa. It was given its variable star designation, V626 Arae, in 1973.

With a stellar classification of M3 III, this is an evolved red giant that is on the asymptotic giant branch.  It is a variable star that is classified as irregular, although changes in brightness of 0.1127 magnitudes at the rate of 0.37943 cycles per day (once every 2.6 days) have been detected in Hipparcos photometry.

Ara (constellation)
Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. Under its Greek name Βωμός, Bōmǒs, it was one of the 48 classical constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.

The orange supergiant Beta Arae is the brightest star in Ara, with a near-constant apparent magnitude of 2.85, and is marginally brighter than the blue-white Alpha Arae. Seven star systems are known to host planets. Sunlike Mu Arae hosts four known planets. Gliese 676 is a (gravity-paired) binary red dwarf system with four known planets.

The Milky Way crosses the northwestern part of Ara. Within the constellation is Westerlund 1, a super star cluster that contains the red supergiant Westerlund 1-26, one of the largest stars known.
1929 Argentine Primera División final
The 1929 Argentine Primera División final was the final match to define the 1929 Argentine Primera División championship. It was played between Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata and Boca Juniors after both teams won their respective groups at the end of the season.

The match was held in the River Plate Stadium located in Recoleta, Buenos Aires. Gimnasia y Esgrima won their first (and only to date) league title after defeating Boca Juniors 2–1.

1929 Argentine Primera División
The 1929 Argentine Primera División was the 38th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on July 21, 1929, and ended on February 9, 1930. This season saw the 35 teams of Primera, divided into two groups. The top 2 of each group qualified for the final stages of the tournament, which was eventually won by Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP).

The season was marred by mass abandonment of games, defending Argentine champion Huracán withdrew from 8 of its fixtures leaving them to finish in 14th place in the group. Several other teams withdrew from multiple games. Abandonments of games, discontinuations, and withdrawals were quite common in these early seasons (cf., for instance, the second half of the 1930 season ).

Colegiales returned to the first division after winning the Primera B championship last year.
Birthday (Jennifer Lopez song)
"Birthday" is a song by American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was released on July 24, 2025, Lopez's 56th birthday, by Nuyorican Productions and Hundred Days Records. It was written by Lopez, Alexis ‘8AE’ Boyd, Anjelica ‘Jelli Do’ Dorman, LaPhonia Kuk Harrell, Phillip ‘Show Luciano’ True, and Rob Bisel, the latter of whom produced it. A bass-heavy club anthem, "Birthday" has lyrics that talk of Lopez celebrating her day of birth. It was accompanied by a visualizer video and was performed live during many of Lopez's tour stops on her Up All Night: Live in 2025 tour.

Up All Night: Live in 2025
Up All Night: Live in 2025 was the fifth concert tour by the American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was Lopez's first tour in six years, following It's My Party (2019). The tour commenced on July 8, 2025, in Pontevedra, Spain, and concluded on August 12 of the same year in Sardinia, Italy, consisting of twenty shows.
Boxing at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's light flyweight
The men's light flyweight boxing competitions at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia took place between 6 and 14 April at Oxenford Studios. Light flyweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 49 kilograms (108.02 lbs).

Like all Commonwealth boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of three rounds of three minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Beginning this year, the competition was scored using the "must-ten" scoring system.

Village Roadshow Studios
Village Roadshow Studios are a set of film studios located in Oxenford, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The studios are owned by Village Roadshow and consist of nine sound stages as well as a range of other production facilities. The studio commenced in June 1991 and is one of three film studios in Australia, the others being Disney Studios Australia in Sydney and Docklands Studios Melbourne.

The studios have been home to many feature films, telemovies, TV series and miniseries. Some feature film productions include Aquaman, San Andreas, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Scooby-Doo, House of Wax, Ghost Ship, and Thor: Ragnarok. TV productions have included H2O: Just Add Water,Terra Nova, BeastMaster and the Lost World series.
Caloplaca tropica
Caloplaca tropica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first described by the lichenologists Yogesh Joshi and Dalip Kumar Upreti in 2007 from specimens collected in Madhya Pradesh, central India. The species belongs to the Sideritis group within the genus Caloplaca. The holotype specimen was collected from exposed rocks in the Rang Mahal area of Bhimbetka rock shelters, a World Heritage Site in Raisen district.

Caloplaca
Caloplaca is a lichen genus comprising a number of distinct species. Members of the genus are commonly called firedot lichen,: 235  jewel lichen.: 235  gold lichens, "orange lichens", but they are not always orange, as in the case of C. albovariegata. The distribution of this lichen genus is worldwide, extending from Antarctica to the high Arctic. It includes a portion of northern North America and the Russian High Arctic. There are about thirty species of Caloplaca in the flora of the British Isles.

A new species of Caloplaca, C. obamae, the first species to be named in honor of Barack Obama, was discovered in 2007 on Santa Rosa Island in California and published in March 2009.
Maynard K. Hine Hall and University Tower
Maynard K. Hine Hall and University Tower is a conjoined academic center and first-year student residence located on the Indiana University Indianapolis campus. The building is located north of Robert E. Cavanaugh Hall, Joseph T. Taylor Hall, and the Business/SPEA Building. The building serves as a hub of student activity with its close proximity to the IUPUI Campus Center to the southwest, Lockfield Green to its north, and the North Residence Hall to its northwest.

Joseph T. Taylor Hall
Joseph T. Taylor Hall was first constructed as part of the first academic buildings following the formation of Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) in 1969. Indiana University expanded its urban education offerings beyond the medical campus with the establishment of the University Quarter, which was the original site of non-medical education programs on the downtown campus. Taylor Hall was constructed as the first university library but would transition roles multiple times throughout its lifetime. Beginning in 1998, Taylor Hall has served as the center for undergraduate education assistance and advisement on campus.
Schmidt Spiele
Schmidt Spiele GmbH is a German board game publisher based in Berlin. Founded in Munich, the company develops and distributes board games, card games, puzzles, plush and wooden toys for various target groups. With well-known classics such as Mensch ärgere Dich nicht®, Kniffel®, and DOG®, as well as award-winning games like Auf Achse and Qwirkle™, Schmidt Spiele is one of the most traditional providers in the German boardgame industry. The publisher has been part of Good Time Holding since 1997 and regularly participates in major national and international game fairs. In addition to classic products, Schmidt Spiele also offers digital game versions.

Nuremberg International Toy Fair
The Nuremberg International Toy Fair (German: Spielwarenmesse), held annually since 1950, is the largest international trade fair for toys and games. Only trade visitors associated with the toy business, journalists and invited guests are admitted. Each year during the course of the event which is held for six days, about 2,800 exhibitors from about 60 countries present their products.
In 2017, 73,000 trade visitors and purchasers from 123 countries came for the fair.
The fair is organized by Spielwarenmesse eG, a marketing and trade fair service provider, based in Nuremberg, Germany.
Arrow cresting
A cresting machine (also called an arrow-cresting machine, an arrow-crester, or simply a crester) is a machine that aids in the adding of coloured lines called cresting to arrows in order to identify the fletcher. Cresting machines are small lathes that consist of a chuck and an engine attached to a board. Cresting machines do not paint the arrows themselves but are rather jigs that rotate the arrows uniformly so that a separate steadily held paintbrush can paint the cresting accurately.

Arrow
An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. A typical arrow usually consists of a long, stiff, straight shaft with a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, multiple fin-like stabilizers called fletchings mounted near the rear, and a slot at the rear end called a nock for engaging the bowstring. A container or bag carrying additional arrows for convenient reloading is called a quiver.

The use of bows and arrows by humans predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. A craftsman who makes arrows is a fletcher, and one who makes arrowheads is an arrowsmith.
Bridgeland stability condition
In mathematics, and especially algebraic geometry, a Bridgeland stability condition, defined by Tom Bridgeland, is an algebro-geometric stability condition defined on elements of a triangulated category. The case of original interest and particular importance is when this triangulated category is the derived category of coherent sheaves on a Calabi–Yau manifold, and this situation has fundamental links to string theory and the study of D-branes.

Such stability conditions were introduced in a rudimentary form by Michael Douglas called -stability and used to study BPS B-branes in string theory. This concept was made precise by Bridgeland, who phrased these stability conditions categorically, and initiated their study mathematically.

Coherent sheaf
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with reference to a sheaf of rings that codifies this geometric information.

Coherent sheaves can be seen as a generalization of vector bundles. Unlike vector bundles, they form an abelian category, and so they are closed under operations such as taking kernels, images, and cokernels. The  quasi-coherent sheaves are a generalization of coherent sheaves and include the locally free sheaves of infinite rank.

Coherent sheaf cohomology is a powerful technique, in particular for studying the sections of a given coherent sheaf.
Parmotrema araucariarum
Parmotrema araucariarum is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described scientifically as a species of Parmelia by Austrian botanist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1909. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The lichen has been reported from Kenya, Tanzania, and South America.

Parmotrema
Parmotrema is a genus of lichen belonging to the family  Parmeliaceae. It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species, with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands.

Members of the genus are commonly called ruffle lichens or scatter-rag lichens.: 83
Oysterponds Union Free School District
Oysterponds Union Free School District is a public school district located in the town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York, United States.  It is the easternmost school district on the North Fork of Long Island.  The district includes the census-designated places (CDPs) of East Marion and Orient.  To the west, the district is bordered by the Greenport Union Free School District.

As of 2015, Oysterponds Union Free School District had 86 students.

At the beginning of the 2013–2014 school year, the school district introduced combined grade classes into the only school, Oysterponds Elementary School, combining the kindergarten and preschool classes into the class of primary I; first- and second-grade students into the class of primary II; third- and fourth-grade students into the class of intermediate I; and the fifth- and sixth-grade students into the class of intermediate II.

The superintendent and principal is Justin Cobis

Jennifer Wissemann is the principal's assistant

North Fork (Long Island)
The North Fork is a 30-mile- (48 km) long peninsula in the northeast part of Suffolk County, New York, U.S., roughly parallel with a longer peninsula known as the South Fork, both on the East End of Long Island. Although the peninsula begins east of Riverhead hamlet, the term North Fork can also refer collectively to the towns of Riverhead and Southold in their entirety.

Beginning about 75 miles (120 kilometers) east of Manhattan, the North Fork is the easterly part of the North Shore of Long Island. Along with The Hamptons, the area is also part of Long Island's "East End".
History of Tripura
The State of Tripura, in northeastern India, has a long history. The Twipra Kingdom at its peak included the whole eastern region of Bengal from the Brahmaputra River in the north and west, the Bay of Bengal in the south and Burma to the east during the 14th and 15th centuries AD.

The last ruler of the princely state of Tripura was Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur Debbarma who reigned from 1947 to 1949 Agartala after whom the kingdom was merged with India on 9 September 1949, and the administration was taken over on 15 October 1949.

Tripura became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956, and attained the status of a full-fledged state on 21 January 1972.

Manikya dynasty
The Manikya dynasty was the ruling house of the Twipra Kingdom and later the princely Tripura State, what is now the Indian state of Tripura. Ruling since the early 15th century, the dynasty at its height controlled a large swathe of the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. After coming under British influence, in 1809 they transitioned from feudal monarchs into rulers of a princely state, though the Manikyas maintained control of the region until 1949, when it ascended in union with India.
Patrick Ianni
Patrick Edward Joseph Ianni (born June 15, 1985) is an American retired professional soccer player who played as a defender. He spent nine seasons in MLS for the Houston Dynamo, Seattle Sounders FC, and Chicago Fire.

MLS Goal of the Year Award
The MLS Goal of the Year Award (currently commercially termed "AT&T MLS Goal of the Year") is handed out annually since its inception in 1996 to a player in Major League Soccer (MLS) whose goal is selected in an on-line fan vote including the season's Goal of the Week Award winners.
Phalocallis
Phalocallis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae. It was first described as a genus in 1839. It contains only one recognized species, Phalocallis coelestis, native to Paraná State in southern Brazil, and also in northeastern Argentina.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.