hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Decentralisation in Thailand
Decentralisation in Thailand is a political decentralisation in Thailand since the 1990s, caused by the democratic movement. The Thai Constitution of 1997 and the Decentralisation Law of 1999 started an official reform process, but from 2001 to 2010, both the Thaksin governments and the military junta tried to re-centralization the bureaucratic system under the CEO-style management and military sanctions. In the 2014 coup, a reform process had been frozen from the military-dominated politics.

Monthon
Monthon (Thai: มณฑล), also known as Monthon Thesaphiban (Maṇḍala Dēśābhipāla; Mṇṯhl Theṣ̄āp̣hibāl; Thai: มณฑลเทศาภิบาล, lit. 'circle of local government'), were administrative subdivisions of Thailand at the beginning of the 20th century. The Thai word monthon is a translation of the word mandala (maṇḍala, literally "circle"), in its sense of a type of political formation. The monthon were created as a part of the Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล, literally "local government") bureaucratic administrative system, introduced by Prince Damrong Rajanubhab which, together with the monthon, established step-by-step today's present provinces (changwat), districts (amphoe), and communes (tambon) throughout Thailand. Each monthon was led by a royal commissioner called Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล), later renamed to Samuhathesaphiban (สมุหเทศาภิบาล). The system was officially adopted by the 1897 Local Administration Act, after some monthon had been established and administrative details were sorted out.
Nippon Sharyo
Nippon Sharyo, Ltd.  (日本車輌製造株式会社, Nippon Sharyō Seizō kabushiki gaisha; literally "Japan Rolling Stock Manufacture Company" and formerly known outside Japan as Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha, Ltd.), formed in 1896, is a major rolling stock, heavy equipment, generator, special purpose vehicle and bridge manufacturer based in Nagoya, Japan. In 1996, it abbreviated its name to "日本車両" Nippon Sharyō. Its shortest abbreviation is Nissha "日車". It was a listed company on Nikkei 225 until 2004. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange as ticker 7102. In 2008, Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) became the majority shareholder (50.1%) of the financially struggling Nippon Sharyo making the firm a "consolidated subsidiary" of JR Central. In July 2012 Nippon Sharyo USA started production in their new facility in Rochelle, Illinois. The facility closed at the end of October 2018 due to a lack of orders.

RSR Japanese Pacific locomotives
The Royal State Railway of Siam (RSR, later State Railway of Thailand (SRT)) Japanese Pacific locomotives were a class of 4-6-2 "Pacific" metre gauge steam locomotives manufactured by various Japanese locomotive and rolling stock manufacturers introduced in 1942 for the RSR/SRT. Largely based upon and standardised with the earlier Japanese-built 2-8-2 "Mikado" locomotives of the railway, not all of the first examples were placed in service until after the Second World War. Additional examples were ordered post-war, and these Pacifics continued to see service up to the end of steam traction in Thailand. Two locomotives, nos. 824 and 850, are preserved in working order at Thonburi engine shed to haul special trains.
Psilocybe angulospora
Psilocybe angulospora is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The species was described from Taiwan in 2015 and is also present in New Zealand, where it is considered introduced. As a blueing member of the genus Psilocybe it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin.

The fruitbodies have a small, extremely hygrophanous pale gold conical to bell-shaped cap, often with a prominent pointed central papilla, a slender whitish stipe, and fine narrowly spaced gills.

In Taiwan, the mushrooms grow wild amongst grasses on heavily manured soil and on cow dung. In New Zealand they are most frequently found in the potting mix of nursery plants, in potted plants in garden centres, and outdoors in gardens and council landscaping where those plants have been planted.

Yangmingshan
Yangmingshan National Park is one of the nine national parks in Taiwan, located in both Taipei and New Taipei City. The districts that are partially in the park include Taipei's Beitou and Shilin Districts; and New Taipei's Wanli, Jinshan, Sanzhi and Tamsui Districts. The national park is known for its cherry blossoms, hot springs, sulfur deposits, fumaroles, venomous snakes, and hiking trails, including Taiwan's tallest dormant volcano, Qixing (Seven Star) Mountain rising to 1,120 m (3,675 ft). In June 2020, Yangmingshan National Park was certified as the world’s first Urban Quiet Park Quiet Parks International in recognition of World Environment Day.
Drosera admirabilis
Drosera admirabilis, sometimes referred to as the "floating sundew", is in the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae. The species was first described by Paul Debbert in 1987 and is native to the south-western Cape Province of South Africa.

Structurally similar to Drosera aliciae, and Drosera cuneifolia, the D. admirabilis grows in a single tight rosette-shaped leaf bundle. The leaves widen towards the end and have rounded tips. Leaves lay horizontally under proper lighting conditions. Like many other African sundews, D. admirabilis is a perennial. D. admirabilis has outer tentacles like those of Drosera glanduligera, Drosera sessilifolia and Drosera burmanni which  briefly after stimulation bend towards the prey.

Drosera burmanni
Drosera burmanni, the tropical sundew, is a small, compact species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera. Its natural geographical range includes the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia (India, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and China's Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces) and Australia. It is one of the fastest trapping sundews as well, and its leaves can curl around an insect in only a few seconds, compared to the minutes or hours it takes other sundews to surround their prey.

In nature, D. burmanni is an annual, but in cultivation, when grown indoors during the cold months, it can live for many years. Since D. burmanni is an annual, it produces large amounts of seed. Drosera burmanni has been considered a powerful rubefacient in Ayurveda.
USS Vogelgesang (DE-284)
USS Vogelgesang (DE-284) was a proposed United States Navy Rudderow-class destroyer escort that was never completed.

Vogelgesang was laid down at the Charleston Navy Yard, sometime in 1943. The contract for her construction was cancelled on 12 March 1944 before she could be launched, and the incomplete ship was scrapped.

The name Vogelgesang was transferred to the destroyer USS Vogelgesang (DD-862).

Rudderow-class destroyer escort
The Rudderow-class destroyer escorts were destroyer escorts launched in the United States in 1943 to 1945.  Of this class, 22 were completed as destroyer escorts, and 50 were completed as Crosley-class high speed transports and were re-classified as high speed transport APDs. One ship was converted to an APD after completion.  They served in World War II as convoy escorts and anti-submarine warfare ships.
Cogging torque
In electromechanics, the cogging torque of electrical motors is the torque due to the interaction between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the stator slots of a permanent magnet machine. It is also known as detent or no-current torque. This torque is position dependent and its periodicity per revolution depends on the number of magnetic poles and the number of teeth on the stator. Cogging torque is an undesirable component for the operation of such a motor. It is especially prominent at lower speeds, with the symptom of jerkiness. Cogging torque results in torque as well as speed ripple; however, at high speed the motor moment of inertia filters out the effect of cogging torque.

Rotor (electric)
The rotor is a  moving component of an electromagnetic system in the electric motor, electric generator, or alternator. Its rotation is due to the interaction between the windings and magnetic fields which produces a torque around the rotor's axis.
Wsadmin
The wsadmin tool is a command shell for the purpose of performing systems administration on all the artifacts in an IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) cell.  It gets its name from the name of the shell script that invokes this command shell.  This command shell can execute connected to a WAS cell or completely disconnected from a WAS cell (local mode). The wsadmin tool can be used to execute scripts written in Jacl and Jython, or it can be used interactively to execute individual commands. These scripts and commands perform administrative tasks like application deployment, configuration changes and run-time monitoring and control of IBM WAS.

IBM WebSphere Application Server
WebSphere Application Server (WAS) is a software product that performs the role of a web application server. More specifically, it is a software framework and middleware that hosts Java-based web applications. It is the flagship product within IBM's WebSphere software suite. It was initially created by Donald F. Ferguson, who later became CTO of Software for Dell. The first version was launched in 1998. This project was an offshoot from IBM HTTP Server team starting with the Domino Go web server.
Off-color humor
Off-color humor (also known as vulgar humor, crude humor, crass humor, coarse humor or shock humor) is humor that deals with topics that may be considered to be in poor taste or vulgar. Many comedic genres (including jokes, prose, poems, black comedy, blue comedy, insult comedy, cringe comedy and skits) may incorporate "off-color" elements.

Most commonly labeled as "off-color" are acts concerned with sex, a particular ethnic group, or gender. Other off-color topics include violence, particularly domestic abuse; excessive swearing or profanity; toilet humor; national superiority or inferiority, pedophilic content, and any topics generally considered impolite or indecent. Generally, the point of off-color humor is to induce laughter by evoking a feeling of shock and surprise in the comedian's audience. In this way, off-color humor is related to other forms of postmodern humor, such as the anti-joke.

Cringe comedy
Cringe comedy is a subgenre of comedy that derives humor from social awkwardness, guilty pleasure, self-deprecation, idiosyncratic humor, and personal distress. A type of a cringe comedy are pseudo-reality TV shows, sometimes with an air of a mockumentary. They revolve around a serious setting, such as a workplace, to lend the comedy a sense of reality.

Typically, the protagonists are egotists who overstep the boundaries of political correctness and break social norms. The comedy will attack the protagonist by not letting them become aware of their self-centered view, or by making them oblivious to the ego-deflation that the comedy deals them. Sometimes an unlikable protagonist may not suffer any consequences, which violates people's moral expectations, and also makes the audience cringe.
Transcendental Étude No. 3 (Liszt)
Transcendental Étude No. 3 in F major, "Paysage" (Scenery) is the third of twelve Transcendental Études by Franz Liszt. It is generally considered to be one of the less difficult studies.

The piece suggests a peaceful country scene. It is said that Liszt got the idea of writing this étude while watching the scenery change during a train ride. The first section is played poco adagio with a sempre legato e placido indication at the start. There are gentle arpeggios and constant dynamic changes and syncopation, and the melody is often played in thirds or octaves.

F major
F major is a major scale based on F, with the pitches F, G, A, B♭, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative minor is D minor and its parallel minor is F minor.

The F major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

F major is the home key of the English horn, the basset horn, the horn in F, the trumpet in F and the bass Wagner tuba. Thus, music in F major for these transposing instruments is written in C major. These instruments sound a perfect fifth lower than written, with the exception of the trumpet in F which sounds a fourth higher.
Apollonius of Sicily
Apollonius was one of the principal leaders during the revolt of the slaves in Sicily, which had been brought about by one Titus Vettius, in 103 BCE. The Roman Senate sent Lucius Licinius Lucullus with an army against him, and by bribes and the promise of immunity he induced Apollonius to betray the other leaders of the insurrection, and to aid the Romans in suppressing it.

Titus Vettius
Titus Minucius Vettius was a Roman Knight (Eques) who led a minor and unsuccessful slave revolt in Campania in 104 BC. The revolt was quickly crushed by a Roman force led by Lucius Licinius Lucullus. Upon the defeat of his army, Vettius committed suicide to avoid capture.
30-pounder short gun
The 30-pounder short gun was a piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of sail. They were the middle-sized component of the unified system standardised on the 30-pounder calibre, replacing both the 24-pounders and 18-pounders in many usages.

24-pounder long gun
The 24-pounder long gun was a heavy calibre piece of artillery mounted on warships of the Age of Sail. 24-pounders were in service in the navies of  France, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. They were comparable to the Canon de 24 Gribeauval used by the French Army as its largest piece of siege artillery. 24-pounders were used as main guns on the heaviest frigates of the early 19th century and on fourth-rate ships of the line, on the second deck of first-rate ships of the line, and on the second deck of a few large third-rates.
Anna Nagar Assembly constituency
13°05′05″N 80°13′04″E﻿ / ﻿13.0846°N 80.2179°E﻿ / 13.0846; 80.2179

Anna Nagar is a state assembly constituency in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 21. It includes the locality of Anna Nagar, which is in Chennai. It is part of Chennai Central Lok Sabha constituency. Anna Nagar was one of 17 assembly constituencies to have VVPAT facility with EVMs in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu. Former chief minister Karunanidhi represented two times.

Chennai Central Lok Sabha constituency
The Lok Sabha constituency Chennai Central is one of three constituencies in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 4 of 39. Formerly it was known as Madras Central.It is also one of the smallest constituencies in India. The Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system with EVMs was used for the first time in this Lok Sabha constituency in 2014 elections.
Cecidoses eremita
Cecidoses eremita is a moth of the family Cecidosidae. It was described by John Curtis in 1835. It is found in South America, including Uruguay and Argentina.

The larvae feed on Schinus longifolius. They create galls.

Cecidosidae
Cecidosidae is a family of primitive monotrysian moths in the order Lepidoptera which have a piercing ovipositor used for laying eggs in plant tissue in which they induce galls, or they mine in bark (Davis, 1999; Hoare and Dugdale, 2003). Nine species occur in southern Africa, five species in South America (Parra, 1998) and  Xanadoses nielseni was recently described from New Zealand (Hoare and Dugdale, 2003). Some minute parasitoid wasps are known (Burks et al., 2005).
John Thomas Hill Goodwin
John Thomas Hill Goodwin MBE (28 October 1865 – 18 September 1950) was an Australian surveyor and public servant. He was the Commonwealth Surveyor-General from 1915 to 1925 and officer-in-charge of the Federal Capital Territory from 1916 to 1924. He was known for his contribution to the development of the national capital Canberra, initially as a public servant and later as a private citizen.

National Capital Authority
The National Capital Authority (NCA) is a statutory authority of the Australian Government that was established to manage the Commonwealth's interest in the planning and development of Canberra as the capital city of Australia.

Timeline of the NCA and preceding bodies:

1921–1924: Federal Capital Advisory Committee (FCAC)

1925–1930: Federal Capital Commission (FCC)

1930–1938: No body in existence

1938–1957: National Capital Planning and Development Committee (NCPDC)

1958–1989: National Capital Development Commission (NCDC)

1989–present: National Capital Authority (NCA)
Hopetown, British Columbia
Hopetown (Kwak'wala: heǥa̱m's ) is an Indian Reserve community of the Gwawa'enux group of Kwakwaka'wakw peoples, located on the south side of Watson Island, to the north of Broughton Island in the Broughton Archipelago on the north side of the Queen Charlotte Strait region on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  The community is located entirely within Hopetown Indian Reserve No. 10A.  The traditional name of the village in the Kwak'wala language is Hikums, which has also been spelled Hegams and Hakina and Hegams, meaning "facing outwards".

Broughton Island (British Columbia)
Broughton Island is an island in the Broughton Archipelago of the Queen Charlotte Strait area of the Central Coast of British Columbia, northwest of Gilford Island.

Broughton Lagoon is a shallow inlet on its north side, at 50°50′02″N 126°41′40″W﻿ / ﻿50.83389°N 126.69444°W﻿ / 50.83389; -126.69444﻿ (Broughton Lagoon)

To the north is North Broughton Island.
Manhattan Country School
Manhattan Country School was an independent coeducational PreK–8 school with its main location in Manhattan and a farm in Roxbury, New York. Founded in 1966, it is distinctive because of its multicultural and progressive educational philosophy, the diversity of its student body, its sliding scale tuition system, its incorporation of farm experiences and the activism of its students.

Northfield Mount Hermon School
Northfield Mount Hermon School (abbreviated as NMH), is a co-educational college-preparatory school in Gill, Massachusetts. It educates boarding and day students in grades 9–12, as well as post-graduate students. It is a member of the Eight Schools Association.
Erioderma pedicellatum
Erioderma pedicellatum is a medium-sized, foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae, commonly called the boreal felt lichen.  It grows on trees in damp boreal forests along the Atlantic coast in Canada, as well as in southcentral Alaska, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and Norway.

Pannariaceae
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
Torch Bay
Torch Bay is a freshwater bay connecting Torch Lake with Portage Lake in Houghton County on the Keweenaw Peninsula, which juts into Lake Superior from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.  It is lined by the unincorporated settlements of Dreamland, Point Mills and Senter and by wooded hills of as much as 200 feet (60 m) in height.

There is also the Torch Bay Natural Area — 39 acres (158,000 m2) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, Michigan in the Lower Peninsula. A one-mile (1.6-km) loop trail runs through the township-owned park.

Keweenaw Waterway
The Keweenaw Waterway is a partly natural, partly artificial waterway which cuts across the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan; it separates Copper Island from the mainland. Parts of the waterway are variously known as the Keweenaw Waterway, Portage Canal, Portage Lake Canal, Portage River, Lily Pond, Torch Lake, and Portage Lake. The waterway connects to Lake Superior at its north and south entries (upper and lower portage entry lighthouses), with sections known as Portage Lake and Torch Lake in between. The primary tributary to Portage Lake is the Sturgeon River.
Mary West Niles
Mary West Niles (1854 – 1933) was an American physician and missionary. Niles was the first woman missionary physician at the Canton Hospital and opened a school for the blind in China. Niles learned the Cantonese language so she could translate the English Braille system into Cantonese.

Presbyterian Mission Agency
Presbyterian Mission Agency is the ministry and mission agency of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Founded as the Western Foreign Missionary Society by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1837, it was involved in sending workers to countries such as China during the late Qing dynasty and to India in the nineteenth century. Also known as the Foreign Missions Board in China, its name was changed by the Old School body during the Old School–New School Controversy to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.
2008 Tums QuikPak 500
The 2008 Tums QuikPak 500 was the thirty-second stock car race of the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup season and started off the second half of the 2008 Chase for the Sprint Cup. The 500-lap, 263-mile (423 km) event, the only race on the Chase that was held on a short track (0.526 miles (0.847 km)), was held on October 19 at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia. ABC carried the race beginning at 1 pm US EDT and MRN along with Sirius Satellite Radio had radio coverage starting at 12:45 pm US EDT.

2008 Chase for the Sprint Cup
The 2008 Chase for the Sprint Cup was contested in the final ten races of the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series to determine a champion. The Chase began with the Sylvania 300 on September 14, 2008 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway and ended with the Ford 400 on November 16, 2008 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. The 2008 Chase was won by Jimmie Johnson, his third consecutive championship.

From 2004 through 2007, the championship system was known as the "Chase for the Nextel Cup", but with the 2005 merger of Sprint and Nextel, the name of the series became known as the Sprint Cup Series in 2008.
Municipal Museum of Archaeology in Ichikawa
The Municipal Museum of Archaeology in Ichikawa (市立市川考古博物館, Shiritsu Ichikawa Kōko Hakubutsukan) first opened in Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture, Japan in 1972 as the Ichikawa City Museum. With the opening of the adjacent Municipal Museum of History in Ichikawa in 1982, the museum changed its name to that of today. The Museum of Archaeology is concerned with the archaeology and history of the area from prehistoric times through to the Heian period, the Museum of History with the Heian period onwards. The collection and displays include artefacts from Horinouchi Shell Mound, Soya Shell Mound, Ubayama Shell Mound, Shimōsa Kokubun-ji, and Shimōsa Kokubun-niji.

Ichikawa, Chiba
Ichikawa (市川市, Ichikawa-shi; pronounced [itɕiꜜkaɰa, itɕi̥kaꜜɰa, itɕi̥kaɰaꜜɕi]) is a city in western Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 492,749 in 256,229 households and a population density of 8577 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 57.45 square kilometres (22.18 sq mi).  The city has good transportation connections to the center of Tokyo, as with many areas of Chiba Prefecture. Major rail routes and roads pass through the city.