hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mayor of Shanghai
The mayor of Shanghai, officially the Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, is the head of Shanghai Municipality and leader of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government.

The mayor is elected by the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The mayor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the municipal government. The mayor is assisted by an executive vice mayor as well as several vice mayors. The mayor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The mayor the second-highest-ranking official in the city after the secretary of the CCP Shanghai Committee. The current mayor is Gong Zheng, who took office on 23 March 2020.

Shanghai Municipal People's Congress
The Shanghai Municipal People's Congress is the local people's congress of Shanghai. With 855 members in 2020, People's Congress is the elected council of Shanghai that oversees the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. The Municipal People's Congress is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 5 to 7 days, in the Shanghai Expo Center in Pudong of Shanghai, and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of Shanghai to review past policies and present future plans to Shanghai.
Feature hashing
In machine learning, feature hashing, also known as the hashing trick (by analogy to the kernel trick), is a fast and space-efficient way of vectorizing features, i.e. turning arbitrary features into indices in a vector or matrix. It works by applying a hash function to the features and using their hash values as indices directly (after a modulo operation), rather than looking the indices up in an associative array. In addition to its use for encoding non-numeric values, feature hashing can also be used for dimensionality reduction.

This trick is often attributed to Weinberger et al. (2009), but there exists a much earlier description of this method published by John Moody in 1989.

Complete metric space
In mathematical analysis, a metric space M is called complete (or a Cauchy space) if every Cauchy sequence of points in M has a limit that is also in M.

Intuitively, a space is complete if there are no "points missing" from it (inside or at the boundary). For instance, the set of rational numbers is not complete, because e.g.  is "missing" from it, even though one can construct a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers that converges to it (see further examples below). It is always possible to "fill all the holes", leading to the completion of a given space, as explained below.
Mycobacterium suricattae
Mycobacterium suricattae is a species of the tuberculosis complex of the genus Mycobacterium. It causes tuberculosis in meerkats, and was first identified from South African animals in 2013. Prior to this, it was considered to be synonymous with Mycobacterium bovis.

Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species of  Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus's mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer containing high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrition. The genus is divided based on each species's pigment production and growth rate. While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus's characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.
Cyperus meyenianus
Cyperus meyenianus, commonly known as Meyen's flatsedge, is a species of sedge that is native to tropical areas of South America.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1837.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Aquaman: King of Atlantis
Aquaman: King of Atlantis is an American animated superhero comedy television miniseries produced by James Wan for the streaming service HBO Max, based on the DC Comics character Aquaman. The series is produced by Atomic Monster, DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation. It is set after the events of Wan's 2018 DC Extended Universe (DCEU) film Aquaman, but is not canonical to the DCEU.

The miniseries began on October 14, 2021, and subsequent episodes were released on a weekly basis. It also aired as a feature-length film on Cartoon Network on May 14, 2022; the movie version was later released on DVD on June 21. It was originally set to air as part of the ACME Night block.

The miniseries was removed from HBO Max in August 2022.

Characters of the DC Extended Universe
The DC Extended Universe (DCEU) is a shared universe centered on a group of film franchises based on characters by DC Comics and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Despite numerous film franchise in the past on characters such as Superman and Batman, none of those film series were connected. The DCEU debuted in 2013 with Man of Steel, centered on Superman, and has grown to include other characters such as Batman, Wonder Woman, and several others included in this list. The shared universe, much like the original DC Universe in the comics, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters, and crossed over with separate timelines from other DC-licensed film series in The Flash to create a "multiverse" before being largely rebooted as the new DC Universe franchise under new management from DC Studios, with the previous universe concluding in 2023 with Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom.
Supercat Fast Ferry Corporation
The SuperCat Fast Ferry Corporation, commonly known as SuperCat, is a shipping company that is owned by Chelsea Logistics & Infrastructure Holdings Corp. that operates a fleet of high-speed catamarans (HSC) in the Philippines.

SuperCat was previously the sister company of SuperFerry, Cebu Ferries and 2GO Travel.

SuperCat operates 10 vessels in 5 ports around the Philippines.

Aboitiz Equity Ventures
Aboitiz Equity Ventures Inc. (AEV) is a Philippine holding company based in Metro Manila, with roots from Cebu City. The conglomerate operates in six major industries: Power, Banking and Financial Services, Food, Infrastructure, and Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. In 2017, the company was ranked 1793rd on the Forbes Global 2000. In 2022, AEV ventured into transforming its organization into a "Techglomerate" - a faster, stronger, and better version of a conglomerate. A techglomerate can refer to a startup tech company that has grown into a conglomerate or a legacy conglomerate that has used technology and startup culture to radically transform the way it behaves and operates. AEV is the latter of the two.
HMP chapel riot
The HMP chapel riot was a prison disturbance on February 9, 2014 that took place in the chapel of Her Majesty's Penitentiary in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It centred on a violent attack on inmate Kenneth Green.

Darin King
Darin King MHA (born 17 August 1966) is a former Canadian politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He served as the Minister of Business, Tourism, Culture and Rural Development as well as the Minister of Justice and Public Safety in the provincial cabinet, and was the Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) for the district of Grand Bank.

King was elected to the House of Assembly in the 2007 provincial election and was re-elected in 2011. He previously held the posts of Minister of Education, Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture and Minister of Human Resources, Labour and Employment. Prior to entering politics, King was director of education for the Eastern School District of Newfoundland and Labrador, the province's largest school district.
Vogt (Switzerland)
A Vogt (plural Vögte) was a title and office in the Old Swiss Confederacy, inherited from the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, corresponding to the English reeve. The German term Vogtei is ultimately a loan from Latin [ad]vocatia.

Bailiff
A bailiff is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. There are different kinds, and their offices and scope of duties vary.

Another official sometimes referred to as a bailiff was the Vogt. In the Holy Roman Empire a similar function was performed by the Amtmann. They are mostly known for being the officer that keeps the order in a court of law and who also administers oaths to people who participate in court proceedings.
MV Kaye E. Barker
MV Kaye E. Barker is a self-discharging lake freighter owned and operated by the Interlake Steamship Company. She was originally built as SS Edward B. Greene, and was later renamed Benson Ford before being sold to Interlake and named MV Kaye E. Barker. The vessel primarily hauls hematite pellets, stone, and coal across the Great Lakes.

Lake freighter
Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carriers operating on the Great Lakes of North America. These vessels are traditionally called boats, although classified as ships. Freighters typically have a long, narrow hull, a raised pilothouse, and the engine located at the rear of the ship.

Lakers have been used since the late 19th century to haul raw material from docks in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway regions to the industrial centers of Ontario, Quebec, and the American Midwest. The navigation season typically runs from late March through next mid-January due to the formation of ice on the lakes.

The largest lake freighters can travel up to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) and can carry as much as 78,850 long tons (80,120 t) of bulk cargo.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which sank in 1975, became widely known as the largest  vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes.
Jerago con Orago
Jerago con Orago (Lombard: Ieragh cont Oragh) is a town and a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Varese. It is formed by two main centres of Orago and Jerago (which houses the municipal seat), sharing a 13th-century castle.

It is served by Cavaria-Oggiona-Jerago railway station.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Harry Ward (darts player)
Harry Ward (born 13 June 1997) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He won his maiden PDC ranking title at Players Championship 16 on the 2019 PDC Pro Tour.

Simon Whitlock
Simon Whitlock (born 3 March 1969) is an Australian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, having previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Seniors Darts (WSD) events.

Nicknamed "the Wizard", he won the 2012 European Championship and the 2022 World Cup of Darts for Australia, partnering Damon Heta. Whitlock is also a two-time World Championship finalist, having been the runner-up at the BDO World Darts Championship in 2008, and the PDC World Darts Championship in 2010. He has won a total of 18 PDC titles and 31 Dartsplayers Australia (DPA) titles. In 2025, he became the inaugural ANZ Premier League champion.
Tin Yiu Estate
Tin Yiu Estate (Chinese: 天耀邨) is a public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Light Rail Tin Yiu stop, Tin Tsz stop and Tin Shui Wai stop as well as MTR Tin Shui Wai station. It is the first public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai New Town. It is divided into Tin Yiu (I) Estate (Chinese: 天耀(一)邨) and Tin Yiu (II) Estate (Chinese: 天耀(二)邨), and consists of 12 residential buildings completed in 1992 and 1993.

Tin Yau Court (Chinese: 天祐苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court in Tin Shui Wai, near Tin Yiu Estate. It consists of three blocks built in 1992.

Tin Shui Wai stop
Tin Shui Wai (Chinese: 天水圍) is a Light Rail stop and interchange station for Tuen Ma line. This Light Rail stop is located at Tin Fuk Road in Tin Shui Wai, at the ground level of the MTR Tin Shui Wai station.

The former Tin Shui Wai Terminus was renamed Tin Wing stop on 1 August 2003 to avoid confusion with this Light Rail stop.
Gilbert Denys
Sir Gilbert Denys (c. 1350–1422) of Siston, Gloucestershire, was a soldier, and later an administrator. He was knighted by January 1385, and was twice knight of the shire for Gloucestershire constituency, in 1390 and 1395 and served as Sheriff of Gloucestershire 1393-4. He founded the family which provided more Sheriffs of Gloucestershire than any other.

George Thomas Clark
Colonel George Thomas Clark (26 May 1809 – 31 January 1898) was a British surgeon and engineer. He was particularly associated with the management of the Dowlais Iron Company. He was also an antiquary and historian of Glamorgan.
Minyades
The Minyades (Ancient Greek: Μινυάδες) were three Orchomenian (Arcadian) princesses in Greek mythology. These sisters were protagonists of a myth about the perils of neglecting the worship of Dionysus.

Claudius Aelianus
Claudius Aelianus (Ancient Greek: Κλαύδιος Αἰλιανός, romanized: Klaúdios Ailianós; c. 175 – c. 235 AD), commonly Aelian (/ˈiːliən/), born at Praeneste, was a Roman author and teacher of rhetoric who flourished under Septimius Severus and probably outlived Elagabalus, who died in 222. He spoke Greek so fluently that he was called "honey-tongued" (μελίγλωσσος meliglossos); Roman-born, he preferred Greek authors, and wrote in a slightly archaizing Greek himself.

His two chief works are valuable for the numerous quotations from the works of earlier authors, which are otherwise lost, and for the surprising lore, which offers unexpected glimpses into the Greco-Roman world-view. De Natura Animalium is also the only Greco-Roman work to mention Gilgamesh.
1969 in the Vietnam War
The inauguration of Richard Nixon in January led to a reevaluation of the U.S. role in the war. U.S. forces peaked at 543,000 in April. U.S. military strategy remained relatively unchanged from the offensive strategy of 1968 until the Battle of Hamburger Hill in May which led to a change a more reactive approach. The U.S. and South Vietnam agreed on a policy of Vietnamization with South Vietnamese forces being expanded and equipped to take over more of the ground combat from the departing Americans which began to withdraw in late June without any reciprocal commitment by the North Vietnamese. The morale of U.S. ground forces began to fray with increasing racial tensions and the first instances of fragging and combat refusal. The antiwar movement in the U.S. continued to grow and public opinion turned increasingly antiwar when the Mỹ Lai massacre was revealed in November.

5th Marine Regiment
The 5th Marine Regiment (also  referred to as "5th Marines") is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.  It is the most highly decorated regiment in the Marine Corps and falls under the command of the 1st Marine Division and the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF).
Ernie Ashcroft
Ernest "Ernie" J. Ashcroft (28 February 1925 – May 1985) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, and coached in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England, British Empire XIII and Lancashire, and at club level for Wigan, and Huddersfield, as a fullback, wing, or centre, and coached at club level for Huddersfield and Warrington.

1946–47 Lancashire Cup
The 1946–47 Lancashire Cup was the thirty-fourth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup competition had been held.

Wigan won the trophy by beating Belle Vue Rangers by the score of 9–3.

The match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 21,648 and receipts were £2,658.

Although it could not have been known at this time, this was to be the first of Wigan's record breaking run of six consecutive Lancashire Cup victories.

It was also to be the first of two consecutive finals to be competed for by these two teams.
Jan Lundgren
Jan Lundgren (born 22 March 1966) is an internationally active Swedish jazz musician. He is a pianist, composer, and senior lecturer at the Malmö Academy of Music, where he has taught since autumn 1991, as well as the artistic director of the Ystad Sweden Jazz Festival, Ystad Winter Piano Fest and Jazzhus Montmartre in Copenhagen. He is a Steinway Artist and has won many awards. He tours internationally and is signed to the German record label, ACT.

Viktoria Tolstoy
Louise Viktoria Tolstoy (born 29 July 1974) is a Swedish jazz singer of Russian ancestry. She is the great-great-granddaughter of Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy was a regular studio guest in season one of the television series Big Brother in 2000.

She was married to designer Per Holknekt from 2001 until they divorced in March 2008.
Minucia gens
The gens Minucia was an ancient Roman family, which flourished from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times.  The gens was apparently of patrician origin, but was better known by its plebeian branches.  The first of the Minucii to hold the consulship was Marcus Minucius Augurinus, elected consul in 497 BC.

The nomen Minucius is frequently confounded with Minicius and Municius.  The Minucii gave their name to the street known as the Via Minucia, the Pons Minucius, a bridge on the Via Flaminia, and a columned hall on the Campus Martius.  The gate known as the Porticus Minucia was named after the consul of 110 BC.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Effective input noise temperature
In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.  If F is the noise factor numeric and 290 K the standard noise temperature, then the effective noise temperature is given by T n = 290(F − 1).

Noise power
In telecommunications, the term noise power has the following meanings:

The measured total noise in a given bandwidth at the input or output of a device when the signal is not present; the integral of noise spectral density over the bandwidth

The power generated by a random electromagnetic process.

Interfering and unwanted power in an electrical device or system.

In the acceptance testing of radio transmitters, the mean power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a radio transmitter when loaded with noise having a Gaussian amplitude-vs.-frequency distribution.

Noise power can be calculated by multiplying the noise spectral density with the signal bandwidth

where:

kB is the Boltzmann constant ≈ 1.38×10−23 J⋅K−1;

T is the absolute temperature of the device; and

B is the bandwidth.
Nomamyrmex
Nomamyrmex is a genus of army ants in the subfamily Dorylinae. Its two species are distributed in the Neotropics: Nomamyrmex esenbeckii is known from southern United States to northern Argentina, and Nomamyrmex hartigii is known from Mexico to southern Brazil. Nomamyrmex esenbeckii is the only known predator of mature colonies of Atta leaf-cutter ants.

Dorylinae
Dorylinae is an ant subfamily, with distributions in both the Old World and New World. Brady et al. (2014) synonymized the previous dorylomorph subfamilies (Aenictinae, Aenictogitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Ecitoninae, and Leptanilloidinae) under Dorylinae, while Borowiec (2016) reviewed and revised the genera, resurrecting many genera which had previously been merged. Dorylinae genera are suggested to have evolved sometime between 102 to 74 million years ago, subsequently undergoing rapid adaptive radiation events during their early history. Dorylinae ants including Eciton species, exhibit army ant behavior. Non-army Doryline ants like Yunodorylus provides evolution of the army ant adaptive syndrome, including group foraging, nomadism, and specialized queens.
Old College Historic District
Old College Historic District is a national historic district located at Newark in New Castle County, Delaware.  It consists of six contributing buildings: Old College, Recitation Hall, Recitation Annex, Alumni Hall, Mechanical Hall, and Elliott House.  These buildings formed the nucleus, and until the 20th century, the entire campus of Delaware College.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Newark, Delaware
Newark (/ˈnjuːɑːrk/ NEW-ark) is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Home to the University of Delaware, it is located 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Wilmington and 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Philadelphia. According to the 2020 census, the town's population is 30,601. It constitutes part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
2003 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 2003 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season.  Coached by David Cutcliffe, the Rebels played their home games at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium.

In the Egg Bowl, Ole Miss beat Mississippi State by a score of 31–0. Ole Miss held the lead in the series at 57–37–6.

2003 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 2003 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University as a member of the Western Division of the Southern Conference (SEC) during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by Jackie Sherrill in his 13th and final season as head coach, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 2–10 with a mark of 1–7 in conference play, placing last out of six teams in the SEC's Western Division for the third consecutive season. Mississippi State played home games at Davis Wade Stadium in Starkville, Mississippi.