hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis
The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Carte Jaune or Yellow Card, is an official vaccination report created by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a travel document, it is a kind of medical passport that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers.

The ICVP is not an immunity passport; the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the ICVP incentivise individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivise individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.

Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19.

World Health Assembly
The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 193 member states. It is the world's highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states.

The members of the WHA generally meet every year in May in Geneva, Switzerland, at the Palace of Nations, the location of WHO Headquarters. The main tasks of the WHA are to decide major policy questions, as well as to approve the WHO work programme and budget and elect its Director-General (every fifth year) and annually to elect ten members to renew part of its executive board. Its main functions are to determine the policies of the Organization, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget.
Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997
Turkey was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 with the song "Dinle", composed by Levent Çoker, with lyrics by Mehtap Alnıtemiz, and performed by Şebnem Paker. The Turkish participating broadcaster, the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), selected its entry through a national final. Both Şebnem Paker and Levent Çoker had represented Turkey in 1996.

Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996
Turkey was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 with the song "Beşinci Mevsim", composed by Levent Çoker, with lyrics by Selma Çuhacı, and performed by Şebnem Paker. The Turkish participating broadcaster, the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), selected its entry through a national final.
Elizabeth Furnace
Elizabeth Furnace was a blast furnace in the Shenandoah Valley that was used to create pig iron from 1836 to 1888 using Passage Creek for water power. Iron ore was mined nearby, purified in the furnace, and then pig iron was transported over the Massanutten Mountain to the South Fork of the Shenandoah River for forging in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The road used to transport this iron is still used today by hikers climbing to the top of the Massanutten Mountain via the Massanutten Trail. Much of the original stone structure still exists, as well as a restored cabin, and an outdoor recreation area.

Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
Pepsodent
Pepsodent is an American brand of toothpaste with the minty flavor that is derived from sassafras. The brand was purchased by Unilever in 1942 and is still owned by the company outside of the United States and Canada. In 2003, Unilever sold the rights to the brand in the North American market to Church & Dwight.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.
Old Dutch Tumbler
The Old Dutch Tumbler is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Old Dutch Tumblers, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).

Pigeon keeping
Pigeon keeping or pigeon fancying is the art and science of breeding domestic pigeons.  People have practiced pigeon keeping for at least 5,000 years and in almost every part of the world. In that time, humans have substantially altered the morphology and the behaviour of the domesticated descendants of the rock dove to suit their needs for food, aesthetic satisfaction and entertainment.

People who breed pigeons are commonly referred to as pigeon fanciers. The hobby is gaining in popularity in the United States, after having waned within the last 50 years. Both the hobby and commercial aspects of keeping pigeons are thriving in other parts of the world.
Dala Gewog
Dala Gewog (Dzongkha: དར་ལ་,Darla Gewog) is a gewog (village group) of Chukha District, Bhutan. The gewog has an area of around 140 km² and contains 7 villages. Dala Gewog is part of Phuentsholing Dungkhag, along with Logchina and Phuentsholing gewogs.

Chukha District
27°0′N 89°30′E﻿ / ﻿27.000°N 89.500°E﻿ / 27.000; 89.500

Chukha District (Dzongkha: ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག།; Wylie: Chu-kha rdzong-khag; officially spelled "Chhukha" ) is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. The major town is Phuentsholing, the second largest city in Bhutan and its commercial capital. According to the 2017 census of Bhutan, Chhukha has a population of 68,966 people, making it the second most populous district after Thimphu, and the third most densely populated district (population density of 36.7 people per square kilometre) after Thimphu and Samtse districts.
Football in Malawi
The sport of football in the country of Malawi is run by the Football Association of Malawi. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Super League of Malawi. Football is the most popular sport in Malawi.

Football Association of Malawi
The Football Association of Malawi (FAM) is the governing body controlling the sport of football in the southern African country of Malawi.  The Association is affiliated to the Confederation of African Football, FIFA and COSAFA.
Momarken
Momarken, is a racecourse to the north of Mysen, Norway, in the Eidsberg municipality in Østfold. Harness racing at Momarken Travbane and the annual Momarkedet organised by Mysen and the Omegn Red Cross take place there.

Eidsberg
Eidsberg was a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality was the town of Mysen. In 2020, Eidsberg was absorbed into the Indre Østfold municipality.

Eidsberg was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The town of Mysen was separated from Eidsberg to form a municipality of its own on 1 July 1920, but it was merged back into the municipality of Eidsberg on 1 January 1961.
West Peckham
West Peckham is a village and civil parish in the borough of Tonbridge and Malling in Kent, England. The River Bourne flows through the extreme west of the parish, and formerly powered a paper mill (Hamptons Mill) and corn mill (Oxenhoath Mill). The Wateringbury Stream rises in the parish. Oxon Hoath is the former manor house of West Peckham.

Tonbridge and Malling
51°16′59″N 0°21′00″E﻿ / ﻿51.283°N 0.350°E﻿ / 51.283; 0.350

Tonbridge and Malling is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. The council is based at Kings Hill. The borough also includes the towns of Tonbridge and Snodland along with numerous villages including Aylesford, West Malling and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Maidstone, Tunbridge Wells, Sevenoaks, Gravesham and Medway.
Lincolnshire loop line
The Lincolnshire loop line was a railway built by the Great Northern Railway, that linked Peterborough to Gainsborough via Spalding, Boston and Lincoln. It ran through the counties of Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire (then the Soke of Peterborough, now Cambridgeshire)

A16 road (England)
The A16 road is a principal road of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands region of England, connecting the port of Grimsby and Peterborough, where it meets the A1175, A47 & A1139 then on to the A1 and the A605; the latter, in turn, giving a through route to Northampton and the west, and south west of England. Its length is 78 miles (126 km). The road was "de-trunked", with responsibility largely returned to Lincolnshire County Council from the Highways Agency in 2002.
Hogar 10
Hogar 10 was a channel of the Spanish Digital Terrestrial Television and replaced Telehit emissions starting 31 July 2007 at 8.30 pm with the first program "Hoy cocinas tú" (You cook today), presented by Eva Arguiñano. This channel owned by laSexta and aired by DTT through the multiplex 69 (with Antena 3, Neox and Nova).

On 14 August 2009, Hogar 10 was replaced by Gol Televisión.

Nova (Spanish TV channel)
Nova is a Spanish television channel operated by Atresmedia. The network runs 24 hours a day in the Spanish language. The service is aimed at women, with the schedule reflecting this aim. Lifestyle programmes such as cooking shows are normally screened during the day. In the evening, films and some series are shown, and around midnight, Poker is screened. The network is available on digital terrestrial television (TDT as it is known in Spain) as well as via cable and satellite.
1975 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1975 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 88th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Kilmacud Crokes entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 12 October 1975 at Croke Park in Dublin, between St Vincent's and Craobh Chiaráin, in what was their second meeting in the final overall. St Vincent's won the match by 4–08 to 1–11 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a first title in eight years.

1974 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1974 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 87th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Faughs entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 23 March 1975 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Kilmacud Crokes and Faughs, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilmacud Crokes won the match by 3–13 to 4–09 to claim their first ever championship title.
Chu Bo
Chu Bo (simplified Chinese: 储波; traditional Chinese: 儲波; pinyin: Chǔ Bō; born October 1944) is a retired Chinese politician. He served as the Party Secretary of Inner Mongolia Region, the top leader of the region, holding position from 2001 to 2009. He also served as Governor of Hunan between 1998 and 2001.

Governor of Hunan
The governor of Hunan, officially the Governor of the Hunan Provincial People's Government, is the head Hunan Province and leader of the Hunan Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Hunan Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Hunan Committee. The current governor is Mao Weiming, who took office on 27 November 2020.
Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, Junnar
Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya, formerly New English School, Junnar is one of the oldest and reputed school in the western Maharashtra, in the town of Junnar in Pune district. It was established in 1935 by the Junnar Education Society under the intellectual and academic leadership of the famous educator R.P.Sabnis, a Cambridge University alumni. The institute has the motto "Play the game" and  धर्मं चर (Practise the Virtue) from Taittiriya Upanishad.

The institute is built on 18 acres (7.3 ha) of land donated by Rao-Saheb Ramchandra Anaji Butte Patil in memory of his son, Shankarrao Butte Patil. Shankarrao Butte Patil Vidyalaya has secondary, higher secondary and English medium school running under its umbrella.

Junnar
Junnar (Marathi pronunciation: [d͡ʒunːəɾ]) is a city in the Pune district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city has history dating back to the first millennium. The nearby fort of Shivneri was the  birthplace of Maratha king Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Junnar was declared the first tourism taluka in Pune district by the government of Maharashtra on 9 January 2018.
Thomas Nelson Page
Thomas Nelson Page (April 23, 1853 – November 1, 1922) was an American lawyer, politician, and writer. He served as the U.S. ambassador to Italy from 1913 to 1919 under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.

In his writing, Page popularized Plantation tradition literature which was used to promote the Lost Cause myth across the New South. Page first got the public's attention with his story "Marse Chan" which was published in the Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine. Page's most notable works include The Burial of the Guns and In Ole Virginia.

Thomas Barbour Bryan
Thomas Barbour Bryan (December 22, 1828 – January 26, 1906) was an American businessman, lawyer, and politician.

Born in Virginia, a member of the prestigious Barbour family on his mother's side, Bryan largely made a name for himself in Chicago, Illinois. Bryan was involved in many ventures in the city, such as the creation of Graceland Cemetery, and was active in the city's politics, having twice been nominated for mayor (in 1861 and 1863). Bryan was a strong unionist during the American Civil War. He was instrumental in Chicago being awarded the World's Columbian Exposition, and was involved in the 1893 exposition's organization and operation.

Bryan also played a key role in the development of the Chicago suburb of Elmhurst, Illinois, where he resided much of his life. He is often referred to as "The Father of Elmhurst".

In addition to his involvement in Chicago politics, Bryan spent a brief period as a commissioner of the District of Columbia.
Harshness
Harshness (also called raucousness), in music information retrieval, is a Non-Contextual Low-Level Audio Descriptors (NLDs) that represents one dimension of the multi-dimensional psychoacoustic feature called as musical timbre.

Classical timbre’ NLDs are roughness, spectral centroid, and spectral flux. While harmonicity and inharmonicity can also be considered NLDs, harshness differs from them, as well as from roughness, once it reckons for a distinguished perceptual audio feature expressed by the summary spectral periodicity. This feature is especially clear in single-pitch, single-note, musical audio, where the timbre of two different musical instruments can greatly differ in levels of harshness (e.g., the difference in harshness between a flute and a saxophone is evident). As it is supposed to be, harshness is independent of all others NLDs.

Music information retrieval
Music information retrieval (MIR) is the interdisciplinary science of retrieving information from music. Those involved in MIR may have a background in academic musicology, psychoacoustics, psychology, signal processing, informatics, machine learning, optical music recognition, computational intelligence, or some combination of these.
Marjatta Kajosmaa
Ritva Marjatta Kajosmaa (born 3 February 1938 in Vehkalahti) is a Finnish former cross-country skier who competed during the 1970s. She competed in two Winter Olympics, earning a total of four medals. Kajosmaa also competed several times at the Holmenkollen ski festival, winning four times at 10 km (1969, 1971–1973) and three times at 5 km (1969, 1972-1973). Additionally, she won two medals at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in the 10 km, and a bronze in 3 × 5 km relay.

For her successes in Nordic skiing and at the Holmenkollen, Kajosmaa received the Holmenkollen medal in 1971 (Shared with Berit Mørdre Lammedal and Reidar Hjermstad.). She was the first Finnish woman to ever win the Holmenkollen medal.

Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival (Norwegian: Holmenkollen skifestival or Holmenkollrennene) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome (80S), with the other major component being the large ribosomal subunit (60S). The "40S" and "60S" names originate from the convention that ribosomal particles are denoted according to their sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. It is structurally and functionally related to the 30S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 40S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 30S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as rRNA expansion segments.

Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit
The prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit, or 30S subunit, is the smaller subunit of the 70S ribosome found in prokaryotes. It is a complex of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 19 proteins. This complex is implicated in the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) to messenger RNA (mRNA). The small subunit is responsible for the binding and the reading of the mRNA during translation. The small subunit, both the rRNA and its proteins, complexes with the large 50S subunit to form the 70S prokaryotic ribosome in prokaryotic cells. This 70S ribosome is then used to translate mRNA into proteins.
John Meikle (Saskatchewan politician)
John Meikle (February 4, 1870 – April 15, 1964) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Biggar in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1921 to 1925 as a Progressive Party member.

He was born in West Calder, the son of Andrew Meikle and Helen Thompson, and came to Canada in 1906. In 1891, Meikle married Martha Smillie. He was chairman of the agricultural society, of the rural telephone company and of the local school board. Meikle served as reeve of the Rural Municipality of Rosemount No. 378 from 1912 to 1914. He was defeated by Robert Pelham Hassard when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1925.

Robert Pelham Hassard
Robert Pelham "Bob" Hassard (March 7, 1888 – September 28, 1953) was a car dealer, farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Biggar from 1925 to 1929 and from 1934 to 1938 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Macdonald, Manitoba, the son of John Hassard, and was educated in Dauphin. Hassard moved to Biggar, Saskatchewan in 1908. In 1920, he married Mary E. Stewart. Hassard served several years as mayor of Biggar. He also operated a garage and a hotel there.

He was defeated by William Willoughby Miller when he ran for reelection to the Saskatchewan assembly in 1929 but then defeated Miller in the general election held in 1934. Hassard was defeated by John Allan Young in the 1938 general election.

In 1946, he left Biggar for Eastend, living there for about a year, and then moved to Saskatoon, before going to Calgary, Alberta around 1951. Hassard died in Holy Cross Hospital in Calgary at the age of 65.
Aaero
Aaero is a rhythm action rail shooter video game developed by the two person British independent video game developer Mad Fellows. Aaero was released on Xbox One, PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows, via Steam, on April 11, 2017. Aaero: Complete Edition, a version with downloadable content and other add-ons was released for the Nintendo Switch on December 24, 2018. It was released in Japan on December 27, 2018. A sequel, Aaero 2, released in 2024 for Steam and Xbox Series X|S.

Rail shooter
Rail shooter, also known as on-rails shooter, is a subgenre of shoot 'em up video game. Beginning with arcade games such as the 1985 Space Harrier, the gameplay locks the player character into a set path, only allowing for limited or no divergence from it, in a manner similar to a theme park dark ride, which is typically on train tracks. While moving on this path, players must aim and shoot enemies while dodging projectiles and avoiding damage.

Many rail shooters feature a flying protagonist or ship. Some take place while walking, running or driving. While rail shooters saw a resurgence on the Wii due to its Wii Remote control scheme, new games in the genre are considered a rarity in the modern day, although many games of other genres contain rail shooter segments.
Yolo (prince)
Yolo (Manchu: ᠶᠣᠯ; Chinese: 岳樂;  19 October 1625 – 15 March 1689), formally known as Prince An, was a Qing Dynasty imperial prince and Nurhaci's grandson. He was the fourth son of Abatai, Prince Raoyu.

Nara clan
Nara (Manchu: ᠨᠠᡵᠠ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ, Wade-Giles: nara hala, Chinese: 納喇氏, 納蘭氏 or 那拉氏) is a clan name shared by a number of aristocratic Manchu clans, sometimes also transliterated as Nalan or Nalland. The four tribes of the Hūlun confederation (扈倫四部) – Hada (哈達; Hādá), Ula (烏拉; Wūlā), Hoifa (輝發; Huīfā) and Yehe (葉赫; Yèhè) – were all ruled by clans bearing this name.

The head of each clan held the princely title of "beile" (貝勒).

During the Jin dynasty, Nara was listed as one of the noble "white clans" (白號姓氏).

Nar is the Mongolian word for "sun". In Mongolia, the sun is associated to Genghis Khan as the nara tamga is the main tamga attributed to him.
Katak, Lamerd
Katak (Persian: كتك; also known as Kahatak) is a village in Kheyrgu Rural District, Alamarvdasht District, Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 35 families.

Kheyrgu Rural District (Lamerd County)
Kheyrgu Rural District (Persian: دهستان خیرگو) is in Kheyrgu District of Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chahar Taq. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kheyrgu (now a city).
Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (Persian: غلامعلی حداد عادل; born 9 May 1945) is an Iranian conservative and principlist politician and former chairman of the Parliament. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council.

He was the first non-cleric in the post since the Iranian Revolution of 1979. He was one of the candidates in the 2013 presidential election but withdrew on 10 June, four days before the election. He is part of "neo-principilist" group in the Iranian political scene.

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.