hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kurdistan Region–Turkey relations
Turkey's historic relationship with Iraq and Kurdistan Region has wavered between indifference and courtship, but the constant has been a layer of mistrust emanating from both ends that appears to have been set aside in 2001 when the new Turkish government reversed the status quo and embraced a policy of engagement that has successfully catapulted the country to becoming a leading economic player in the Middle East.

Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.
Boaz Solossa
Boaz Theofilus Erwin Solossa (born 16 March 1986) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga 2 club Persipura Jayapura. He is considered to be one of the greatest Indonesian players of all time.

2008–09 Indonesia Super League
The 2008–09 Indonesia Super League was the first edition of the Indonesia Super League, which replaced the Premier Division as the top-tier football competition in the country. The league was sponsored by Djarum and was officially called Djarum Super Liga Indonesia (SLI) or Djarum Indonesia Super League (ISL).

Persipura Jayapura clinched the title after winning a match 3–1 against Persija Jakarta on 17 May 2009. This was their first Indonesia Super League title and second title, counting the Premier Division era.
Loropéni
Loropéni is a market town in southern Burkina Faso, lying about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Gaoua. Nearby are the medieval stone ruins of Loropéni, added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2009. These ruins of a fortress, which date back at least a thousand years, are the country's first World Heritage Site.

Gaoua
Gaoua is a market town in southern Burkina Faso. The population was 45,284 in a 2019 census. Located in the red earth, green hills, and fast flowing streams of southwestern Burkina Faso, Gaoua is the capital of Poni Province and forms a sort of capital for the sacred rites and bush lore of the Lobi peoples. According to local myth, Gaoua was founded when the Lobi migrated across from northern Ghana where they found the Gan people occupying the territory. As a result, they named the trek across to Gaoua Gan-houo meaning "route of the Gan people".

Attractions in the town include a sacred grove of trees, the Poni Museum (Musée des Civilisations des Peuples du Sud-Ouest or Musée du Poni) and caves. There is also a mosque on elevated ground near the centre. The Gaoua Catholic parish Church of the Sacred Heart will be the cathedral for the newly erected Catholic Diocese of Gaoua.
Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.

The vast majority of the oblast's residents are ethnic Russians, with a small minority of Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin Oblast is rich in natural gas and oil, and is Russia's second wealthiest federal subject after the Tyumen Oblast. It borders by sea Khabarovsk Krai to the west and Kamchatka Krai to the north, along with Hokkaido, Japan to the south.

Far Eastern Krai
Far Eastern Krai (Russian: Дальневосточный край, romanized: Dal'nevostochnyy kray) was a krai of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1938. Its capital was Khabarovsk. It was the largest administrative-territorial unit of the Soviet Union after the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, occupying 12% of its territory.  On October 21, 1938, the Far Eastern Krai was divided into Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais.

The term may also informally refer to Russian Far East.

Far Eastern Avenue in St. Petersburg is named after the Far Eastern Krai. This is also partly because the street is located in the eastern part of the city.
Latifundio–minifundio land tenure structure
The land tenure of Latin America is called the 'Latifundio–minifundio' structure. This dualistic tenure system is characterized by relatively few large commercial estates known as latifundios, which are over 500 hectares and numerous small properties known as minifundios, which are under 5 hectares. Minifundios are mainly subsistence-oriented smallholdings and are generally farmed by peasant households. Latifundios relied mainly on peonage, which is a form of unfree labour or wage labor in which a laborer (peon) has little control over employment conditions, with features of feudal serfdom.

Subsistence economy
A subsistence economy is an economy directed to basic subsistence (the provision of  sufficient food, clothing and shelter to sustain life) rather than oriented to sustaining a market in essential and desirable assets.
Qore (PlayStation Network)
Qore (pronounced "core") was a monthly subscription-based interactive online magazine for the PlayStation Network and replaces the Jampack series of disks offered by PlayStation Underground. Available only in North America, the service offered high definition videos, interviews, and behind-the-scenes footage pertaining to upcoming and recently released PlayStation games. It also offered exclusive access to game demos and betas. The product was available to download to the PlayStation 3 from the PlayStation Store, where users were able to choose to purchase individual episodes or an annual, 13-episode subscription. PlayStation Plus subscribers received Qore free of charge for the duration of their subscription. The magazine was presented by Veronica Belmont & Audrey Cleo and later Jesse Blaze Snider & Tiffany Smith.

Qore aired its 47th and final episode on April 10, 2012.

PlayStation Store
PlayStation Store (PS Store) is a digital distribution service for users of Sony's PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 game consoles via PlayStation Network.

The store offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge. Available content includes full games, add-on content, playable demos, themes and game/movie trailers.
South Alabama–Troy football rivalry
The Battle for the Belt is an American college football rivalry game between two public universities in the U.S. state of Alabama, University of South Alabama Jaguars and the Troy University Trojans. Troy leads the all-time series at 10–4.

South Alabama Jaguars football
The South Alabama Jaguars football program, established in 2009, represents the University of South Alabama in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. South Alabama joined the FBS in 2012 as a member of the Sun Belt Conference (SBC).
Quirón Miguel Domínguez Hospital (Pontevedra)
The Quirónsalud Miguel Domínguez Hospital is a private general hospital located in the city of Pontevedra (Spain), managed by the Quirónsalud Hospital Group. It is located in the heart of the city centre.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
James Whorwood Adeane
General James Whorwood Adeane (14 December 1740 – 15 April 1802) was a British Army officer and Tory politician.

He was the only son of Simon Adeane of Chalgrove and Mary Brydges, niece of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos. He entered the British Army in 1755, rising to the rank of colonel of the 45th Foot in 1788, Lieut-General in 1796 and full General in 1801.

He was a Member of the Parliament of Great Britain for Cambridge 1780 to May 1789 and for Cambridgeshire 19 May 1789 – 15 April 1802. He was appointed a Groom of the Bedchamber to King George III from 1784 to his death.

He died in 1802. He had married Anne, daughter and heiress of Robert Jones, with whom he had a son Robert Jones Adeane of Babraham, Cambridgeshire (who fathered MP Henry John Adeane) and three daughters.

James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos
James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, PC, DL, FRS (6 January 1673 – 9 August 1744) was a British landowner and politician who represented Hereford in the English and British House of Commons from 1698 until 1714, when he succeeded to his father's peerage as Baron Chandos and started sitting in the House of Lords. He was subsequently created Earl of Carnarvon, and then Duke of Chandos in 1719.
CTC (TV station)
CTC is a television station in Canberra, Australia. The station was the tenth to begin transmission in regional Australia, and the 26th station in Australia as a whole. CTC has an affiliation agreement to show content from Network 10. Just as it has had a number of owners, CTC has also had many different identities on-air – including CTC-TV, Super 7, Capital 7, 10 TV Australia, Capital Television, Ten Capital, Southern Cross Ten, Channel 9 and Channel 10. The station is owned and operated by Network 10.

Today (1982 TV program)
Today (also referred to as The Today Show) is an Australian breakfast television news and current affairs program, with an infotainment base, hosted by Karl Stefanovic and Sarah Abo and includes news and weather updates. It broadcast weekdays on the Nine Network, as part of Nine's News Division. The show also has a weekend edition called Weekend Today.

Today airs each weekday after Today Early News and runs from 5:30 am to 9:00 am before Today Extra, an extended light entertainment program, hosted by David Campbell and Sylvia Jeffreys. The show is broadcast from the Nine Network TCN studios in North Sydney, a suburb located on the North Shore of New South Wales. Although not affiliated with, the program shares a similar infotainment format and title of the long running American program of the same name.
Italian-American cuisine
Italian-American cuisine (Italian: cucina italoamericana) is a style of Italian cuisine adapted throughout the United States. Italian-American cuisine was created primarily by Italian immigrants, and the cuisine has been shaped throughout the years by various waves of immigrants and their descendants, called Italian Americans.

As immigrants from the different regions of Italy settled throughout the various regions of the United States, many brought with them a distinct regional Italian culinary traditions. Many of these foods and recipes developed into new favorites for the Italian immigrant and Italian-American communities, and, later, became embraced by Americans nationwide.

Donna Gabaccia
Donna Rae Gabaccia (born 1949) is an American historian who studies international migration, with an emphasis on cultural exchange, such as food and from a gendered perspective. From 2003 to 2005 she was the Andrew Mellon Professor of History at the University of Pittsburgh and from 2005 to 2012 she held the Rudolph J. Vecoli Chair of Immigration History at the University of Minnesota. During the same period, she was the director of the Immigration History Research Center at the University of Minnesota. In 2013, her book, Foreign Relations: Global Perspectives on American Immigration won the Immigration and Ethnic History Society's Theodore Saloutos Prize in 2013.
Gmina Reszel
Gmina Reszel is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is seated in the town of Reszel. Reszel is approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn and 52 km (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 178.71 square kilometres (69.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 8,335 (out of which the population of Reszel amounts to 5,098, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,237).

Kętrzyn
Kętrzyn ([ˈkɛntʂɨn] ⓘ, until 1946 Rastembork; German: Rastenburg [ˈʁastn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,478 inhabitants (2019). It is the capital of Kętrzyn County in the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship.

The town is known for the surrounding Masurian Lakeland and numerous monuments of historical value such as the Wolf's Lair in nearby Gierłoż, which was Adolf Hitler's primary headquarters over the course of Nazi Germany's military campaign on the Eastern Front during World War II. The town is also known for its 14th century Teutonic Kętrzyn Castle.
House of Dubikowski
The House of Dubikowski – is an ancient Ruthenian (Polish-Lithuanian) noble family with the coat of arms of Ostoja, belonging to the heraldic Clan Ostoja (Moscics). The date when the Dubikowski family joined the heraldic Clan of Ostoja is unknown. This could have happened in the 15th century.

Lancer
A lancer was a type of cavalryman who fought with a lance. Lances were used for mounted warfare in Assyria as early as 700 BC and subsequently by India, Egypt, China, Persia, Greece, and Rome. The weapon was widely used throughout Eurasia during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance by heavy cavalry, but fell out of general use by the late 16th century, before its revival by light cavalry in the early 19th century. Lance cavalry remained in an active role into the early 20th century and World War I. In modern times, many militaries retain units designated as lancers. However, the lance itself has been relegated to a ceremonial role.
Anne Lundmark
Anne Lundmark (born 1949) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. She is Relay World Champion from 1976, as a member of the Swedish winning team. She won a bronze medal in the individual contest at the 1976 World Orienteering Championships, behind Liisa Veijalainen and Kristin Cullman.

Liisa Veijalainen
Liisa Kaarina Liljeström (née Liukkonen, formerly Veijalainen, formerly Peltola, born 4 April 1951) is a Finnish orienteering competitor. She won the 1976 Individual World Orienteering Championships, and took silver medal 1978 and 1979. She is also three times Relay World Champion, as a member of the Finnish winning team 1972, 1978 and 1979 (silver 1976 and 1981).
Tavaborole
Tavaborole, sold under the brand name Kerydin, is a topical antifungal medication for the treatment of onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail and nail bed with a complete clearance rate of 6-7% and partial clearance rate of 23-24% in individuals whose “infection border does not reach the cuticle at the base of the large toenail.” Tavaborole was approved by the US FDA in July 2014. The medication inhibits an essential fungal enzyme, leucyl-tRNA synthetase, that is required for protein synthesis. The inhibition of protein synthesis leads to termination of cell growth and then cell death, eliminating the fungal infection.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
2020 QG
2020 QG, also known by its internal designation ZTF0DxQ, is an Earth-crossing asteroid, a few meters in diameter. It belongs to the Apollo group, and passed above the surface of Earth approximately 2,950 kilometres (1,830 mi) away (less than half an Earth radius) on 16 August 2020 at 04:09 UT. It was first imaged by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) at the Palomar Observatory about 6 hours after this closest approach, and was later identified by Kunal Deshmukh, a student at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, along with colleagues Kritti Sharma, Chen-Yen Hsu and Bryce T. Bolin analyzing images from the ZTF.

At the time, 2020 QG passed closer to Earth than any known asteroid, except for those that became meteors. It passed closer than 2011 CQ1 and 2020 JJ. Given an absolute magnitude of 29.8, it is estimated to be around 3–6 metres (10–20 ft) in diameter so similar to Earth-impactors 2008 TC3, 2014 AA, 2018 LA, and 2019 MO.

2019 MO
2019 MO, temporarily designated A10eoM1, was a small, harmless 3-meter near-Earth asteroid discovered by ATLAS–MLO that impacted Earth's atmosphere on 22 June 2019 at 21:25 UT. The impact of the bolide generated a 5-kiloton-equivalent explosion off the south coast of Puerto Rico which was detected by infrasound detectors. The strewn field would be spread over the Caribbean Sea.

The Apollo asteroid was inbound approaching a late July perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) when it impacted Earth at 16.1 km/s.
Transport and Map Symbols
Transport and Map Symbols is a Unicode block containing transportation and map icons, largely for compatibility with Japanese telephone carriers' emoji implementations of Shift JIS, and to encode characters in the Wingdings and Wingdings 2 character sets.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Minister of Public Education (Italy)
This is a list of Italian ministers of public education (Italian: ministri della pubblica istruzione) since the birth of the Italian Republic in 1946. The list shows also the ministers that served under the same office but with other names, in fact this ministry has changed name many times. The minister of public education leads the  Ministry of Public Education.

The current minister is Giuseppe Valditara, a member of the League who is serving since 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni.

Ministry of Public Education (Italy)
The Ministry of Education and Merit (Italian: Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito, or MIM) is the government body of Italy devoted to the administration of the national education system.

It was active in three separate periods (1861–1929; 1944–2001; 2006–2008), before being merged with the Ministry of Universities and Research to create the Ministry of Education, University and Research.

The two ministries were re-instated in January 2020.
India women's national under-17 football team
The Indian women's national under-17 football team represents India in international women's under-17 football. The team is controlled by the governing body for football in India, the All India Football Federation (AIFF). The federation is a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional South Asian Football Federation (SAFF).

The team have only participated once in the AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup, back during the tournament's inaugural edition.

FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup is an annual (biennial until 2024) international women's association football tournament for female players under the age of 17. It is organized by Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) since 2008. The current champions are North Korea, who won a record-extending fourth title at the 2025 edition in Morocco.
1983 Stella Artois Championships
The 1983 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London, United Kingdom that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 81st edition of the tournament and took place from 6 June until 13 June 1983. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

1983 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1983 Volvo Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments, and two team tournaments (the Davis Cup and the World Team Cup). The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Barretos Esporte Clube
Barretos Esporte Clube, commonly referred to as Barretos, is a Brazilian professional association football club based in Barretos, São Paulo. The team competes in the Campeonato Paulista Série A3, the third tier of the São Paulo state football league.

Barretos
Barretos is a municipality in the northern part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city has approximately 122,833 inhabitants (IBGE/2020) and an area of 1566.1 km2. Barretos belongs to the Mesoregion of Ribeirão Preto.
H3 receptor antagonist
An H3 receptor antagonist is a type of antihistaminic drug used to block the action of histamine at H3 receptors.

Unlike the H1 and H2 receptors which have primarily peripheral actions, but cause sedation if they are blocked in the brain, H3 receptors are primarily found in the brain and are inhibitory autoreceptors located on histaminergic nerve terminals, which modulate the release of histamine. Histamine release in the brain triggers secondary release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and acetylcholine via stimulation of H1 receptors in the cerebral cortex. Consequently, unlike the H1 antagonist antihistamines which are sedating, H3 antagonists have stimulant and nootropic effects, and are being researched as potential drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.

Examples of selective H3 antagonists include clobenpropit, ABT-239, ciproxifan, conessine, A-349,821, enerisant, betahistine, and pitolisant.

Conessine
Conessine is a steroidal alkaloid found in a number of plant species from the family Apocynaceae, including Holarrhena floribunda, Holarrhena antidysenterica and Funtumia elastica. It acts as a histamine antagonist, selective for the H3 subtype (with an affinity of pKi = 8.27; Ki = ~5 nM). It was also found to have long CNS clearance times, high blood–brain barrier penetration and high affinity for the adrenergic receptors.
Ewe drumming
Ewe drumming refers to the drumming ensembles of the Ewe people of Ghana, Togo, and Benin. The Ewe are known for their experience in drumming throughout West Africa. The sophisticated cross rhythms and polyrhythms in Ewe drumming are similar to those in  Afro-Caribbean music and late jazz. The original purpose of Ewe drumming were sung or performed by warriors. Now the songs and performed to celebrate or for recreational use. For example, Agbadza was originally used as a warrior dance but is now used to celebrate events.

Bell pattern
A bell pattern is a rhythmic pattern of striking a hand-held bell or other instrument of the idiophone family, to make it emit a sound at desired intervals. It is often a key pattern (also known as a guide pattern, phrasing referent, timeline, or asymmetrical timeline),  in most cases it is a metal bell, such as an agogô, gankoqui, or cowbell, or a hollowed piece of wood, or wooden claves. In band music, bell patterns are also played on the metal shell of the timbales, and drum kit cymbals.