hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Gazette (Thailand)
The Royal Gazette (Thai: ราชกิจจานุเบกษา; RTGS: Ratchakitchanubeksa) is the official journal of Thailand (formerly Siam).

The gazette was first published in 1858 at the behest of King Mongkut (Rama IV) as a channel for his government to communicate its information to the public, especially in regard to the issuance of laws. Laws enacted by the Thai government are required to be published in this gazette in order to take effect.

The gazette is the first locally produced journal of Thailand, the first journal of the Thai government, and the oldest Thai journal still in publication.

As of 2023, the gazette is only published online and is available in print format in limited copies only for archival purposes.

Government gazette
A government gazette (also known as an official gazette, official journal, official newspaper, official monitor or official bulletin) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually established by statute or official action, and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice.
Gazettes are published either in print, electronically or both.
West Xiasha station
West Xiasha (Chinese: 下沙西) is a station on Line 1 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It was opened in November 2012, together with the rest of the stations on Line 1. It is located in the Qiantang District of Hangzhou.

Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)
Line 1 of the Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁一号线; pinyin: Hángzhōu Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is an arc-shaped rapid transit line running from Xianghu station in western Xiaoshan District to Xiaoshan International Airport in eastern Xiaoshan District, passing through downtown Hangzhou. The line opened on 24 November 2012. It is the oldest in the city's metro network.

The line is 52 km (32 mi) long with 33 stations.

The line is operated by Hangzhou MTR, a consortium consisting of the Hangzhou Metro, which holds a 51% share, and the Hong Kong-based MTR Corporation Ltd., which holds a 49% share. As a result, the voice of Cheri Chan Yu-yan, the announcer of the Hong Kong MTR, can be heard on the English announcements on this line.
Scott Braley
Scott Braley (born March 26, 1947) was a leftist activist and a regional organizer for the Michigan State University's chapter of the Students for a Democratic Society, better known as SDS.  Braley became a member of Weatherman (later known as Weather Underground Organization) in 1969 and remained so until the group disbanded in 1977.  Braley was one of the original members of the Revolutionary Youth Movement, a group devoted to anti-racism and Third World struggles which later evolved into Weatherman.

Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the New Left. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in "participatory democracy". From its launch in 1960, it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade, with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the Vietnam War and Black Power.

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself Students for a Democratic Society, was founded in 2006.
Battle of Thacia
The Battle of Thacia took place in the autumn of 545, in Thacia (now Bordj Messaoudi, in Tunisia). The Byzantine loyalists led by John the Armenian confronted the Berber rebel Antalas and his ally Stotzas, a renegade Byzantine. In the clash, the outnumbered Byzantines were defeated and John was killed, but not before mortally wounding Stotzas. The Byzantine rout triggers a crisis in Carthage.

Areobindus (died 546)
Areobindus (died 546) was an official and military commander of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. He served as a senator in Constantinople and briefly as magister militum in Africa in 545/6.

Areobindus was sent to Africa by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) following the crisis which had erupted during Sergius's command. Areobindus's retinue included a contingent of Armenian troops led by Artabanes and John, descendants of the royal Armenian Arsacid line.

An inexperienced military commander, Areobindus proved unable to deal with the issue. After the Battle of Thacia, Justinian recalled Sergius and made Areobindus "overall commander" but the mutiny had already spread through the ranks.

In 546, Areobindus was killed in Carthage by the rebel Guntarith (Guntharis), the dux of Numidia. Areobindus was married to Praejecta.
Tess Gallagher
Tess Gallagher (born 1943) is an American poet, essayist, and short story writer. Among her many honors were a fellowship from the Guggenheim Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts award, Maxine Cushing Gray Foundation Award.

Port Angeles, Washington
Port Angeles (/ˈændʒələs/ AN-jəl-əs) is a city in and the county seat of Clallam County, Washington, United States. The population was 19,960 at the 2020 census, it is the most populous city in the county, as well as the most populous city on the Olympic Peninsula. The population was estimated at 20,112 in 2024.

The city's harbor was dubbed Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (Port of Our Lady of the Angels) by Spanish explorer Francisco de Eliza in 1791. By the mid-19th century, after settlement by English speakers from the United States, the name was shortened and partially anglicized to its current form, Port Angeles Harbor.

Port Angeles is home to Peninsula College. It is the birthplace of football hall of famer John Elway and residents include writers and other celebrities. The city is served by William R. Fairchild International Airport. Ferry service is provided across the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Victoria, British Columbia, Canada on the MV Coho.
Hellenic Astronomical Society
The Hellenic Astronomical Society (Hel.A.S.), in Greek Ελληνική Αστρονομική Εταιρεία (ΕΛ.ΑΣ.ΕΤ.), is a  scientific non profit society of professional astronomers in Greece. Its formal headquarters are at the Dept. of Physics of the University of Athens. The main goal of the Society is to advance the research in astronomy, astrophysics and space physics, as well as to support all educational astronomical activities. As is typical for scientific societies it consists of ordinary members, who have a PhD degree in astrophysics and closely related fields, as well as junior and associate members.

University of Crete
The University of Crete (UoC; Greek: Πανεπιστήμιο Κρήτης) is a multi-disciplinary, research-oriented institution in Crete, Greece, located in the cities of Rethymno (official seat) and Heraklion.

There are 16 main undergraduate degree programmes corresponding to the university's departments and more than 30 master's programmes.

As of 2017, there is a student population of 16.000 registered undergraduates and 2.500 registered postgraduates, more than 500 Faculty members as well as approximately 420 administrative staff.
Piti (food)
Piti is a soup in the cuisines of the South Caucasus and its bordering nations, and is prepared in the oven in individual crocks with a glazed interior (called piti in Turkic languages). It is made with mutton and vegetables (tomatoes, potatoes, chickpeas), infused with saffron water to add flavour and colour, all covered by a lump of fat, and cooked in a sealed crock. Piti is served in the crock, usually accompanied by an additional plate for "disassembling" the meat and the liquid part with vegetables, which may be eaten separately as the first (soup with veg.) and second (meat) course meal.

Piti is a variety of abgoosht, particularly popular in Iran. In Armenia, it is called putuk (Armenian: պուտուկ), the Armenian word for crock.

Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum. Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.
Jumgal Too
Jumgal Too is a mountain range in internal Tian Shan in Kyrgyz Republic. It is part of Jumgal mountain system which includes also ranges Sandyk, Kara Moynok, Kindik, and Oy Kaiyn. It lies north of the Jumgal valley. The length of the range is 54 km, width - 15 km, and height up to 4121m. The Jumgal mountain range rises from east to west. The slopes of the mountains are uneven: the northern sides of the Jumgal and Oy Kaiyn mountains are steep and short, while the southern sides are wide and gently sloping. In contrast, the slopes of the Kindik, Kara Moynok, and Sandyk mountains are smoother. Streams feeding the Western and Eastern Karakol rivers flow down from the mountains. Small glaciers are found in the Kara Moynok and Oy Kaiyn mountains, with a total area of 7.3 km2 (3 sq mi).

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.
Catathrenia
Catathrenia or nocturnal groaning is a sleep-related breathing disorder, consisting of end-inspiratory apnea (breath holding) and expiratory groaning during sleep. It describes a rare condition characterized by monotonous, irregular groans while sleeping. Catathrenia begins with a deep inspiration. The person with catathrenia holds their breath against a closed glottis, similar to the Valsalva maneuver. Expiration can be slow and accompanied by sound caused by vibration of the vocal cords or a simple rapid exhalation. Despite a slower breathing rate, no oxygen desaturation usually occurs. The moaning sound is usually not noticed by the person producing the sound, but it can be extremely disturbing to sleep partners. It appears more often during expiration REM sleep than in NREM sleep.

Catathrenia is distinct from both somniloquy (sleep talking) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The sound is produced during exhalation, as opposed to snoring, which occurs during inhalation.

Snoring
Snoring (or stertor, from Latin  stertere 'to snore') is an abnormal breath sound caused by partially obstructed, turbulent airflow and vibration of tissues in the upper respiratory tract (e.g., uvula, soft palate, base of tongue) which occurs during sleep. It usually happens during inhalations (breathing in).

Primary snoring is snoring without any associated sleep disorders and usually without any serious health effects. It is usually defined as apnea–hypopnea index score or respiratory disturbance index score less than 5 events per hour (as diagnosed with polysomnography or home sleep apnea test) and lack of daytime sleepiness.

Snoring may also be a symptom of upper airway resistance syndrome or obstructive sleep apnea (apneic snoring). In obstructive sleep apnea, snoring occurs in combination with breath holding, gasping, or choking.
Government Medical College, Khandwa
Nandkumar Singh Chauhan Government Medical College, Khandwa is a full-fledged tertiary medical college in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh. It was established in 2018. The college imparts the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). Nursing and para-medical courses are also offered. The college is affiliated to Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University and is recognized by National Medical Commission. The selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test.

It was renamed after Late. Shri Nandkumar Singh Chauhan (MP Khandwa Lok Sabha) in August 2021.

Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University
Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University (MPMSU), also known as Madhya Pradesh Ayurvigyan Vishwavidyalaya, is a state university located at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in 2011 by the Government of Madhya Pradesh and has jurisdiction over all medical, dental, nursing, paramedical, Ayurveda, homeopathic, Unani, and Yoga colleges in Madhya Pradesh. It has about 300 affiliated colleges and a yearly intake of 80,000 students.
Pride Foundation
The Pride Foundation is an LGBTQ philanthropic foundation in the Pacific Northwest.  It was founded in 1985, and has issued over $8 million in grants  and over $1.65 million to the more than 50 scholarships it manages. In 1993, when The Pride Foundation first began granting scholarships it partnered with the Greater Seattle Business Association (GSBA) to collaborate on a joint application process.

Greater Seattle Business Association
The Greater Seattle Business Association (GSBA) is an LGBTQ+ chamber of commerce based in Seattle, Washington. The majority of the organization's membership are small businesses located throughout the Puget Sound area. The association's stated mission is "to combine business development, leadership and social action to expand economic opportunities for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community and those who support equality for all."
Natalia Veselnitskaya
Natalia Vladimirovna Veselnitskaya (Russian: Ната́лья Влади́мировна Весельни́цкая, IPA: [nɐˈtalʲjə vʲɪsʲɪlʲˈnʲitskəjə]; born 22 February 1975 Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer. Her clients include Pyotr Katsyv, an official in the state-owned Russian Railways, and his son Denis Katsyv, whom she defended against a money laundering charge in New York. On 8 January 2019, Veselnitskaya was indicted in the United States with obstruction of justice charges for allegedly having attempted to thwart the Justice Department investigation into the money laundering charges against Katsyv.

Her June 2016 meeting with Donald Trump Jr., Jared Kushner, and Paul Manafort in Trump Tower attracted attention in connection with the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, as well as to the role of her business contacts at the research firm Fusion GPS in investigating the interference.

Glenn R. Simpson
Glenn Richard Simpson (born 1964) is an American former journalist who worked for The Wall Street Journal until 2009, and then co-founded the Washington-based research business Fusion GPS. He was also a senior fellow at the International Assessment and Strategy Center.

He is the co-author of Dirty Little Secrets: The Persistence of Corruption in American Politics written with political scientist Larry Sabato and published in 1996. A New York Times book review called the book's approach "fiercely bipartisan".
Bonriki International Airport
Bonriki International Airport (IATA: TRW, ICAO: NGTA) is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands, precisely on Bonriki.

Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, connects Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands.

The airport is the hub of the only two Kiribati airlines, flag carrier Air Kiribati and the 2009-established Coral Sun Airways, with both airlines mainly flying domestic routes within the Gilbert Islands. Air Kiribati and Coral Sun Airways both serve all 16 other airports in the Gilbert Islands, but not all these destinations are flown directly from Tarawa.

Nauru International Airport
Nauru International Airport (IATA: INU, ICAO: ANYN) is the sole airport in the island nation of Republic of Nauru in the Central Pacific. The airport provides service to regional destinations via the national airline, Nauru Airlines.
Xite 4K
XITE 4K  is a Canadian English language Category B television channel owned by XCAN Networks Inc.  The channel broadcasts music videos in 4K resolution (ultra-high-definition television) from current popular music artists from various genres including pop, dance, hip-hop, and more.

Discretionary service
A discretionary service is a Canadian specialty channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried optionally by all subscription television providers. It replaces the previous category A, category B, category C (instead split into the categories of "mainstream sports" and "national news"), and premium classifications.

Discretionary services may air programming from any of the CRTC's defined categories, although no more than 10% of programming per month may be devoted to live professional sports. Discretionary services may be authorized to offer multiplex channels.
Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali
Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali (Conventions and Inconveniences of the Stage), also known as Viva la mamma and Viva la Diva, is a dramma giocoso, or opera, in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The Italian libretto was written by Domenico Gilardoni, adapted from Antonio Simeone Sografi's plays Le convenienze teatrali (1794) and Le inconvenienze teatrali (1800).

The title refers to the convenienze, which were the rules relating to the ranking of singers (primo, secondo, comprimario) in 19th-century Italian opera, and the number of scenes, arias etc. that they were entitled to expect.

Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.
Mauro Martino
Mauro Martino is an Italian artist, designer and researcher. He is the founder and director of the Visual Artificial Intelligence Lab at IBM Research, and Professor of Practice at Northeastern University.

Webby Awards
The Webby Awards (colloquially referred to as the Webbys) are awards for excellence on the Internet presented annually by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, a judging body composed of over three thousand industry experts and technology innovators. Categories include websites, advertising and media, online film and video, mobile sites and apps, and social.

Two winners are selected in each category, one by members of The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, and one by the public who cast their votes during Webby People's Voice voting. Each winner presents a five-word acceptance speech, a trademark of the annual awards show.

In its early years, the award was hailed as the "Internet’s highest honor" and was associated with the phrase "The Oscars of the Internet."
Włodowice, Silesian Voivodeship
Włodowice [vwɔdɔˈvit͡sɛ] (Yiddish: ולודובייץ, romanized: Vlodovietz) is a town in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Włodowice. The town has a population of 5,700.

It is best known for its centre. The main road leading through Włodowice is Żarecka Street. The town has a Baroque church of St. Bartholomew and ruins of the Baroque Włodowice Palace. Włodowice is located in the middle of the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska region, best known for its limestone rocks, such as those of the nearby village of Rzędkowice, carved on the seafloor millions of years ago.

Włodowice has a long and rich history. Even though the town now lies in Silesian Voivodeship, it belongs to historical Lesser Poland, and was a town from mid-14th century to 1870.

Zawiercie County
Zawiercie County (Polish: powiat zawierciański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zawiercie, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains five other towns: Poręba, 6 km (4 mi) west of Zawiercie, Łazy, 8 km (5 mi) south of Zawiercie, Ogrodzieniec, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Zawiercie, Szczekociny, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Zawiercie, and Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie.

The county covers an area of 1,003.27 square kilometres (387.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 118,020. The most populated towns are Zawiercie with 49,334 inhabitants and Poręba with 8,525 inhabitants.
Morris J. Besdin
Morris J. Besdin (July 15, 1913-April 10, 1982, also known as Moshe Besdin) was a Jewish chaplain in the United States Army during World War II, a pulpit rabbi in Pennsylvania and New York, a university Jewish studies educator and a university administrator. For nearly a quarter-century he headed the Jewish Studies Program (JSP) at Yeshiva University, created to appeal to ba’alei teshuva (religious returnees). They constituted “a revolution in Jewish religious life” and the movement was “a new phenomenon in Judaism; for the first time there are not only Jews who leave the fold ... but also substantial number who ‘return.’” The “excellent” JSP program was the “first Orthodox residential college (yeshiva) designed for newly or prospective Orthodox Jews” and the “most dramatically successful” of any in its time.

Baal teshuva
In Judaism, a ba'al teshuvah (Hebrew: בעל תשובה; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, ba'alat teshuva or ba'alas teshuva; plural, בעלי תשובה, ba'alei teshuva, 'owner of return [to God or his way]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a secular lifestyle or a less  frum form of Judaism.

The baal teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people.
Seán Fallon (politician)
Seán Fallon (26 September 1937 – 4 July 1995) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician from Athlone, County Westmeath.

A member of Westmeath County Council and Athlone Urban District Council for nearly forty years from 1967, he was a senator from 1981 to 1995, and Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann from 1992 until his death.

He was first elected in 1981, to the 15th Seanad, on the Industrial and Commercial Panel, and was returned to the Seanad in subsequent elections until his death.

15th Seanad
The 15th Seanad was in office from 1981 to 1982. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1981 general election to the 22nd Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 16th Seanad.
Heidenköpfe
The Heidenköpfe (plural) are a group of three summits (Heidenkopf I, Heidenkopf II und Heidenkopf III) near Dahlem in Germany that are about 595 m above sea level (NHN). They lie within the mountain region of North Eifel in the counties of Euskirchen and Vulkaneifel in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia (NW) and Rhineland-Palatinate (RP).

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.