hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Western State Normal Railroad
The Western State Normal Railroad, also known as the Normal Railroad or Western Trolley, was a funicular which operated on the campus of Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in the United States from 1908–1949. It is the only known example of a private railroad operated by a university.

East Campus (Western Michigan University)
East Campus is a collection of buildings and facilities situated on the 60-acre (240,000 m2) hilltop campus that is the original site of Western Michigan University.  It includes some of WMU's athletic facilities including Waldo Stadium, Hyames Field, Ebert Field and the Donald Seelye Athletic Center.  The campus sits on the top of Prospect Hill, which overlooks the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Most of the academic and administrative functions of the university have moved to West Campus. Walwood Union was renovated in 1992 and converted into administrative offices. WMU has found limited uses for East Hall and the rest of historic East Campus.
StarDance (Czech TV series) season 12
The 12th StarDance series dancing reality TV show was premiered on October 14, 2023, and ended on December 16, 2023. Hosts in this series are again Marek Eben and Tereza Kostková. It is the first Czech season in which a married couple of celebrities compete (snowboarder Eva Adamczyková and actor Marek Adamczyk).

StarDance (Czech TV series)
StarDance... Když hvězdy tančí (lit. 'StarDance... When Stars Dance') is the Czech version of the British reality TV competition Strictly Come Dancing and part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise. Eleven seasons were broadcast by Czech Television, hosted by Marek Eben and Tereza Kostková.

A ninth season aired in summer 2018 with ten celebrities competing. StarDance is among the most viewed Czech television programmes with 1.48 million viewers in average in 2018.

A thirteenth season was announced in 2024 with these celebrities:

Actress Marta Dancingerová

Actress Jana Paulová

Fighter Martina Ptáčková

Chef Ta Thuy Dung

Singer, actress Lucie Vondráčková

Actor Filip Blažek

Writer Patrik Hartl

Actor Oskar Hes

Cyclist Jiří Ježek

Singer Ondřej Ruml
2000 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool D
Group D of the 2000 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2000 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team advancing to the knockout stage.

2000 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 2000 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first in their respective pools.

The four teams were then randomly drawn into a two-stage knockout tournament, with the winner advancing to the World Group play-offs next year.
Murders of Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez
The murders of Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez occurred on June 28, 1993, in Calauan, Laguna, Philippines. The case involved police personnel and the late Antonio Sanchez, the former mayor of Calauan, who were tried and convicted of the crime. Sanchez was accused of masterminding the abduction of Sarmenta and her companion, Gomez, and the subsequent rape and murder of Sarmenta and the torture and murder of Gomez. The victims were both students of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños (UPLB).

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Jaume Cardona
Jaume Francesc Folc de Cardona i de Gandia (1405-1 December 1466) was a Catholic cardinal. 
He was Bishop of Vich (1445-1459), Girona (1459-1461) and Urgell (1461-1466), then in the Principality of Catalonia. 
He was chosen as a cardinal by Pope Pius II on 18 December 1461.

He was also the 22nd president of the Generalitat de Catalunya between 1443 and 1446.

President of the Government of Catalonia
The president of the Government of Catalonia (Catalan: President de la Generalitat de Catalunya, IPA: [pɾəziˈðen də lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə]) is head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.

It is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the Govern or Executive Council, the Council for Statutory Guarantees, and the Catalan Ombudsman (Síndic de Greuges).

The current president is Salvador Illa of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, who won a plurality in the 2024 Catalan regional election and formed the first unionist government in Catalonia since 2010.
BB Queen
BB Queen is the second studio album by Philadelphia-based rapper Bahamadia. BB Queen was released on July 25, 2000, through Good Vibe Recordings. BB Queen was Bahamadia's first release in four years, since her debut album, Kollage, which was released in 1996. The album peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Independent Albums Chart.

Kollage (album)
Kollage is the debut studio album by the American hip-hop artist Bahamadia. It was released on March 19, 1996, via Chrysalis Records. The recording sessions took place at Firehouse Studio, D&D Studios, Studio G and Battery Studios, in New York. The album was produced by DJ Premier, Da Beatminerz, GuRu, N.O. Joe, DJ Red Handed, Ski Beatz, and the Roots. It features guest appearances from Lil' Cess, DJ Red Handed, Karen Bernod, K-Swift, Mecca Star, Nou, P.A.N., Ski Beatz and X-Cetra.

The album peaked at number 126 on the Billboard 200, number 13 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 3 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States. It was supported with three singles: "Total Wreck", "Uknowhowwedu" and "I Confess".
Gender inequality in Thailand
The social and economic changes in Thailand in the past decades have important implications for the quality and quantity of labor. The economic and non-economic roles of women in Thailand can be traced back several hundred years in Thai history, when there were traditional discriminatory attitudes towards women in the culture of Thailand. The transformation of Thailand's social and economic structure since the 1960s led to the gender disparities in Thai society. Recently, the position of Thai women in the labor market has improved a lot in comparison to the past as a result of modernization. In 2011, Thailand ranked 69th out of 143 countries in the Gender Inequality Index. In labor economics, gender inequality is widely discussed in terms of concepts of sex segregation and employment discrimination. Thai government and non-governmental organizations have put forth many policies and programs to address gender inequalities in the last few decades.

Gender Inequality Index
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is an index for the measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report 20th anniversary edition by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). According to the UNDP, this index is a composite measure to quantify the loss of achievement within a country due to gender inequality. It uses three dimensions to measure opportunity cost: reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation.
The new index was introduced as an experimental measure to remedy the shortcomings of the previous indicators, the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), both of which were introduced in the 1995 Human Development Report.
Human trafficking in Guatemala
Human trafficking is an act of recruiting, transporting, and harboring people against their will; usually by using force. People who are trafficked are mostly used for sexual purposes or illegal work. These acts include: forced marriages, trafficking for human organs, and gaining members for organized crimes. Every country in the world deals with this crime, and are usually classified as transit countries, target countries, or source countries. Guatemala is a part of North America, which is a target country; this means they contain human trafficking victims.

Adoption fraud
Adoption fraud, also known as illegal adoption, can be defined as when a person or institution tries to adopt a child illegally or to give up a child for adoption illegally. Common ways in which this can be done include dishonesty and bribes.
Kenneth Newman
Sir Kenneth Leslie Newman GBE CStJ QPM (15 August 1926 – 4 February 2017) was a senior British police officer. He was Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) from 1976 to 1980, and Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1982 to 1987. He is best known for initiating a major reform and restructure of the Metropolitan Police during his tenure as Commissioner and for seeing the RUC replace the British Army as the dominant security force in Northern Ireland during his tenure as Chief Constable.

Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis is the head of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Sir Mark Rowley was appointed to the post on 8 July 2022 after Dame Cressida Dick announced her resignation in February 2022.

The rank of Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police is generally regarded as the highest in British policing. Although authority is generally confined to the Metropolitan Police Service's area of operation, the Metropolitan Police District, the Metropolitan Police also has certain national responsibilities such as leading counter-terrorism policing and protection of the royal family and senior members of the government.

The commissioner is directly accountable to the Home Secretary, the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime, and the mayor of London.
Dick Erdlitz
Richard Alfred Erdlitz (February 16, 1920 – April 3, 2006) was an American professional football running back in the National Football League and All-America Football Conference. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1942 and 1945 and for the Miami Seahawks in 1946. He played college football and college baseball at Northwestern.

1942 NFL season
The 1942 NFL season was the 23rd regular season of the National Football League. Before the season, many players left for service in World War II, thus depleting the rosters of all the teams.

The ten teams of the NFL each played a 11 game schedule during the 1942 regular season, for a league total of 55 contests.

Continuing their  Chicago Bears finished the regular season at 11–0, and faced the 10–1 Washington Redskins in the championship game. Washington, which had been embarrassed by a massive 73–0 shutout loss in the 1940 Championship Play-off, got a measure of revenge by spoiling the Bears' hope for a perfect season, winning the rematch 14–6.
Risa Sato
Risa Sato (佐藤 理沙, Satō Risa) is a Filipina-Japanese volleyball player who is currently living in the Philippines. She played in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines for the NU Lady Bulldogs and in the Premier Volleyball League for the Chery Tiggo EV Crossovers.

2017 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference
The 2017 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference was the third conference of the Premier Volleyball League and the final conference of the 2017 season. The conference started on September 2, 2017 at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan.
Werdau–Mehltheuer railway
The Werdau–Mehltheuer railway is a branch line in the German states of Saxony and Thuringia, originally built and operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways (Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen). The section from Werdau to Weida via Wünschendorf is now closed. The section between Weida and Mehltheuer is part of the Gera–Hof link.

DR Class V 100
The DR Class V 100 (German: DR-Baureihe V 100), redesignated the Class 110 in 1970, was a four-axled diesel locomotive for medium duties operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn of East Germany.  Locomotives of the type were also supplied to railways in China and Czechoslovakia and to various industrial operators.
2019–20 Cyprus Basketball Division A
The 2019–20 Cyprus Basketball Division A was the 53rd season of the Cyprus Basketball Division A, the top-tier level men's professional basketball league on Cyprus.

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the league was suspended on 17 March 2020.

Cyprus Basketball Division A
The Cyprus Basketball Division A, known for sponsorship reasons as ECOMMBX Basket League, is currently the top-tier level men's professional basketball competition of the Cypriot basketball league system. It is run and governed by the Cyprus Basketball Federation.
Recrystallization (metallurgy)
In materials science, recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultaneous increase in the ductility. Thus, the process may be introduced as a deliberate step in metals processing or may be an undesirable byproduct of another processing step. The most important industrial uses are softening of metals previously hardened or rendered brittle by cold work, and control of the grain structure in the final product. Recrystallization temperature is typically 0.3–0.4 times the melting point for pure metals and 0.5 times for alloys.

Crystallite
A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials. Crystallites are also referred to as grains.

Bacillite is a type of crystallite. It is rodlike with parallel longulites.
Trametes cubensis
Trametes cubensis is a poroid bracket fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was first described in 1837 as Polyporus cubensis by Camille Montagne. Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred it to the genus Trametes in 1891.

Trametes
Trametes is a genus of fungi that is distinguished by a pileate basidiocarp, di- to trimitic hyphal systems, smooth non-dextrinoid spores, and a hymenium usually without true hymenial cystidia. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 195 species. The genus was circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1836.

Trametes fungi are food for caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, mainly fungus moths (Tineidae) such as Triaxomera parasitella.
23rd César Awards
The 23rd César Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma, honoured the best French films of 1997 and took place on 28 February 1998 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Juliette Binoche and hosted by Antoine de Caunes. Same Old Song won the award for Best Film.

Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma
The Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma (English: Academy of Cinema Arts and Techniques) is an organization that gives out the César Award. It was created in 1975, on the initiative of Georges Cravenne.
Qusqu (Huancavelica)
Qusqu (Quechua for boundary stone; nucleus; navel; heap of earth and stones; bed, dry bed of a lake, Hispanicized spelling Josjo) is a mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) high. It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Castrovirreyna Province, Castrovirreyna District, and in the Huancavelica Province, Ascensión District.

The little lake northeast of Qusqu is named Yawriqucha ("needle lake", Hispanicized Yauricocha). This is where the Yawriqucha River originates. Its waters flow to the Mantaro River in the northeast.

Chonta mountain range
The Chonta mountain range (possibly from Aymara chunta prolonged, lengthened, Quechua chunta a kind of palm,) lies in the Huancavelica Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 12°37' and 13°07'S and  75°00' and 75°30'W for about 50 km. It is located in the Castrovirreyna Province and in the Huancavelica Province.
Arothron meleagris
Arothron meleagris, commonly known as the guineafowl puffer or golden puffer, is a pufferfish from the Indo-Pacific, and Eastern Pacific. It is occasionally caught for the aquarium trade. It reaches 50 centimetres (20 in) in length.

Guineafowl puffers have heavy rounded bodies that are uniformly black with numerous small white spots (black puffer or botete negro), bright yellow spots (golden puffer or botete dorado) or a mixture of the two morphologies with bright yellow spots and black patches. They have large blunt heads with short snouts and are equipped with a set of massive teeth. They have small and similarly shaped anal and dorsal fins that are well back on their body. Their caudal fin base is long and deep and their caudal fin is rounded. Their body is covered with small denticles that resemble coarse sandpaper.
When this fish is scared or frightened, they inflate and make themselves larger, exposing the denticles.

Gorgona Island (Colombia)
Gorgona is a Colombian island in the Pacific Ocean situated about 28 km (17 mi) off the Colombian Pacific coast. The island is 9 km (5.6 mi) long and  2.5 km (1.6 mi) across at its widest, with a maximum height of 338 m (1,109 ft) and a total area of 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi). Gorgona is separated from the continent by a 270 m (890 ft) deep underwater depression.

Administratively, the island is part of the Municipality of Guapí in the Department of Cauca. Gorgona functioned as a prison from 1959 until 1984 when it was turned into a National Natural Park. The island, noted for its many endemic species and unique ecosystems, was established as Gorgona Island National Park in 1985, in order to preserve its richly varied wildlife of the sub-tropical forest and the coral reefs offshore.
2020 Egyptian Senate election
Senate elections were held in Egypt on 11 and 12 August 2020, with the diaspora voting on 9 and 10 August. Run-offs took place on 8–9 September (6-7 for the diaspora), and their results were announced on 16 September.

COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt
The COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Egypt on 14 February 2020.
Sand Creek (Denver, Colorado)
Sand Creek is a 14.6-mile-long (23.5 km) tributary that flows into the South Platte River near Commerce City, Colorado.  From its source in unincorporated Arapahoe County, it flows through the cities of Aurora and Denver before joining the South Platte in Adams County.

It is not to be confused with Big Sandy Creek (along which the Sand Creek Massacre occurred), which is over 100 miles to the southeast.

Big Sandy Creek (Colorado)
Big Sandy Creek is a 211-mile-long (340 km) tributary of the Arkansas River noted for being the location of the Sand Creek Massacre in Kiowa County.  Long stretches are dry most of the time on the surface, although water still flows underground.  Big Sandy Creek starts near Peyton in El Paso County, Colorado and flows through Elbert, Lincoln, Cheyenne and Kiowa counties before it joins with the Arkansas River in Prowers county east of Lamar.
Beckett Park
Beckett Park (also known as Becketts Park) is a residential area and a large public park in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is in the Weetwood ward of Leeds City Council. It borders onto Headingley, West Park and Kirkstall.  It is named after Ernest Beckett, 2nd Baron Grimthorpe.

West Park, Leeds
West Park is a suburb of north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, north of Headingley.  It is a mixed area of private suburban housing and suburban council estates. The name derives from its main park (approximately 500 metres north-south by 300 metres east-west) containing playing fields together with a conservation area of grassy meadow ending in woodland.  The largest housing estate in West Park is Moor Grange.

The majority of the area sits in the Weetwood ward of Leeds City Council, except for the south west corner sitting in the neighbouring Kirkstall ward.
FC Chernihiv
Football Club Chernihiv (Ukrainian: ФК Чернігів), also known as Football Club Chernigiv, is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Chernihiv that currently plays in the Ukrainian First League.

SC Chaika Petropavlivska Borshchahivka
SC Chaika Petropavlivska Borshchahivka is a Ukrainian football club based in Petropavlivska Borshchahivka, Bucha Raion, just outside Kyiv. The club has been playing in Ukrainian Second League since 2018. Chaika plays its home matches in various suburbs of Kyiv, while its official home ground is the Kozak-Arena.

The club is located next to the Chaika residential neighborhood on the western outskirts of Kyiv, which contains several sports venues such as a dirt racing track, a dirt airfield, and others. The area was established back in 1934 as part of the Soviet organization Osoaviakhim, later DOSAAF.
LB-space
In mathematics, an LB-space, also written (LB)-space, is a topological vector space  that is a locally convex inductive limit of a countable inductive system  of Banach spaces. 
This means that  is a direct limit of a direct system  in the category of locally convex topological vector spaces and each  is a Banach space.

If each of the bonding maps  is an embedding of TVSs then the LB-space is called a strict LB-space. This means that the topology induced on  by  is identical to the original topology on  
Some authors (e.g. Schaefer) define the term "LB-space" to mean "strict LB-space."

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
2003 Euroleague Final Four
The 2003 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2002–03 Euroleague season. The event was held from May 9 until May 11, 2003 and was hosted at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain. FC Barcelona won their first Euroleague title in their hometown city after beating Montepaschi Siena in the championship game.

2002–03 Euroleague
The 2002–03 Euroleague was the third season of the professional basketball  competition for elite clubs throughout Europe, organised by Euroleague Basketball Company, and it was the 46th season of the premier competition for European men's clubs overall. The 2002–03 season featured 24 competing teams from 13 countries without qualifying rounds as FIBA organised its own top-tier competition and many teams competed in the 2002–03 FIBA Europe Champions Cup. The final of the competition was held in Palau Sant Jordi, Barcelona, Spain, with hosts FC Barcelona defeating Benetton Treviso 76–65.