hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buttenheim
Buttenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊtn̩haɪm]) is a market town in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and lies in the Regnitz Valley between Bamberg and Nuremberg, Germany.

Buttenheim is Levi Strauss's birthplace: the future inventor of blue jeans emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1847.

Bamberg (district)
Bamberg (German pronunciation: [ˈbambɛʁk] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It surrounds but does not include the town of Bamberg. The district is bounded by the districts of (from the north and clockwise) Lichtenfels, Bayreuth, Forchheim, Erlangen-Höchstadt, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, Kitzingen, Schweinfurt and Haßberge.
CCHA Best Defensive Forward
The CCHA Best Defensive Forward is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) regular season to the best defensive forward in the conference as voted by the coaches of each CCHA team.

The Best Defensive Forward was first awarded in 1990 and every year thereafter until 2013 when the original CCHA was dissolved as a consequence of the Big Ten Conference forming its men's ice hockey conference.

The CCHA was revived in 2020, with play resuming in the 2021–22 season, by seven schools that left the Western Collegiate Hockey Association, with an eighth school joining before play started. The revived league folded the Best Defensive Forward award into a new CCHA Forward of the Year award. The award was revived in 2024.

Jackson Jutting is the only player to win the award multiple times.

CCHA Forward of the Year
The CCHA Forward of the Year is an annual award given out after the conclusion of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association regular season to the best forward in the conference as voted by the coaches of each CCHA team. The award was a new creation by the conference in its return to play.
Len Pennie
Len Pennie (born 1999) is a poet, Scots language performer and writer, and mental-health advocate. She became known on social media in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland for her "Scots word of the day" and poem (Scots: poyum) videos.

British Book Awards
The British Book Awards or Nibbies are literary awards for the best UK writers and their works, administered by The Bookseller. The awards have had several previous names, owners and sponsors since being launched in 1990, including the National Book Awards from 2010 to 2014.
Joseph Foster (politician)
Joseph A. Foster (born June 10, 1959) is an American politician who served as the 29th Attorney General of New Hampshire from 2013 to 2017. He was formerly a Democratic member of the New Hampshire Senate, representing the 13th district from 2002 until 2008 and served as the State Senate Majority Leader in 2007 and 2008. Previously he was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1994 through 1998. On April 17, 2013, he was confirmed to the office of New Hampshire Attorney General. He took office on May 15, 2013, succeeding Michael A. Delaney who decided not to seek reappointment by Governor Maggie Hassan at the end of his term, and instead took Foster's old position at his law firm. In 2013, Foster was described as a potential Congressional candidate.

New Hampshire Attorney General
The attorney general of New Hampshire is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of New Hampshire who serves as head of the New Hampshire Department of Justice. As of April 22, 2021, the state's attorney general is John Formella.
Hopeman Sandstone Formation
The Hopeman Sandstone Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossil footprints and body fossils from the Guadalupian Epoch in the Late Permian, to the Early Triassic, It preserves fossils and fossil footprints from various extinct animals such as pareiasaurs and dicynodonts, which are collectively often referred to as the Elgin Reptiles.

The formation, named for the village of Hopeman, lies unconformably over the Devonian Upper Old Red Sandstone, and it underlies the waterlain sandstones of the Burghead Sandstone Formation. It represents a windswept dune landscape.

The Hopeman Sandstones were previously referred to as the Cutties Hillock Sandstone, Quarry Wood Sandstones, Sandstones of Hopeman, and Hopeman-Cummingstown Sandstone, but these names have since been superseded.

Old Red Sandstone
Old Red Sandstone, abbreviated ORS, is an assemblage of rocks in the North Atlantic region largely of Devonian age. It extends in the east across Great Britain, Ireland and Norway, and in the west along the eastern seaboard of North America. It also extends northwards into Greenland and Svalbard. These areas were a part of the paleocontinent of Euramerica (Laurussia). In Britain it is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) to which stratigraphers accord supergroup status and which is of considerable importance to early paleontology. The presence of Old in the name is to distinguish the sequence from the younger New Red Sandstone which also occurs widely throughout Britain.
Banyuasin Regency
Banyuasin Regency (Musi: Ayomasen) is a regency of South Sumatra Province in Indonesia. The Regency was formed on 10 April 2002 from the coastal and eastern areas formerly part of the Musi Banyuasin Regency. It takes its name from the main river which drains that area, the Banyuasin River. Pangkalan Balai is the regency seat. The regency borders Musi Banyuasin Regency, Jambi province and Bangka Strait to the north, Bangka Strait to the east, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Muara Enim Regency, and the city of Palembang (which it almost surrounds on most sides) to the south, and Musi Banyuasin Regency to the west. It has an area of 12,551.15 km2 and had a population of 749,107 at the 2010 census and 836,914 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 888,324 (comprising 454,414 males and 433,910 females). Much of the regency is coastal lowland, but in the south it also includes many suburban areas within the Palembang metropolitan area.

Bangka Strait
Bangka Strait is the strait that separates the island of Sumatra from Bangka Island (Indonesian: Pulau Bangka) in the Java Sea, Indonesia. The strait is about 134 miles (216 km) long, with a width varying from about 30 miles (48 km) to 9 miles (14 km).
Papahaua Range
The Papahaua Range is a mountain range on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island east of the town of Westport.  It is a geological continuation of the Paparoa Range that is south of the Buller River and it runs north from the Buller Gorge to the Mōkihinui River.  At its north end, it meets the Glasgow Range.

Significant coal deposits are located in the range, and the Denniston Incline at the end of the Conns Creek Branch railway was built up to a plateau in the Papahaua Range to provide railway access for some mines.  Due to its extremely steep climb and spectacular operations, the Denniston Incline was known during its life as the "eighth wonder of the world" by locals.

The Papahaua Ranges are largely forested and human habitation is low.  The decline of coal has led to some settlements such as Denniston and Millerton becoming virtually ghost towns.

Conns Creek Branch
The Conns Creek Branch was a 2.7 kilometre (1.7 mile) branch line railway in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island.  It diverged from the Seddonville Branch at Waimangaroa and followed the southern bank of the Waimangaroa River to the line's terminus at Conns Creek at the foot of the Denniston Incline.  The line operated from 24 October 1879 until 16 August 1967 and existed for the sole purpose of conveying coal from mines to the port of Westport.
History of Mexican Americans
The history of Mexican Americans largely begins the aftermath of the annexation of Northern Mexico in 1848, when nearly 80,000 Mexican citizens—of what are now California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico—became U.S. citizens. Large-scale migration increased the U.S.' Mexican population during the 1910s, as refugees fled the economic devastation and violence of Mexico's revolution and civil war. Until the mid-20th century, most Mexican Americans lived within a few hundred miles of the border, although some resettled along rail lines from the Southwest into the Midwest.

In the second half of the 20th century, Mexican Americans diffused throughout the U.S., especially into the Midwest and Southeast, though the groups' largest population centers remain in California and Texas. During this period, Mexican-Americans campaigned for voting rights, educational and employment equity, ethnic equality, and economic and social advancement.

League of United Latin American Citizens
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) is the largest and oldest Hispanic and Latin-American civil rights organization in the United States. It was established on February 17, 1929, in Corpus Christi, Texas, largely by Hispanics returning from World War I who sought to end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States.  The goal of LULAC is to advance the economic condition, educational attainment, political influence, housing, health, and civil rights of Hispanic people in the United States.  LULAC uses nationwide councils and group community organizations to achieve all these goals.  LULAC has about 264,000 members in the United States.
Samuel Foote
Samuel Foote (January 1720 – 21 October 1777) was a Cornish dramatist, actor and theatre manager. He was known for his comedic acting and writing, and for turning the loss of a leg in a riding accident in 1766 to comedic opportunity.

Actor-manager
An actor-manager is a leading actor who sets up their own permanent theatrical company and manages the business, sometimes taking over a theatre to perform select plays in which they usually star. It is a method of theatrical production used consistently since the 16th century, particularly common in 19th-century Britain and the United States.
Zhu Xingyuan
Zhu Xinyuan (Chinese: 祝惺元; pinyin: Zhù Xīngyuán; Wade–Giles: Chu Hsing-yüan; born 1880) was a politician and diplomat in the Republic of China. He was an important politician during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime. His courtesy name was Yanxi (硯溪). He was born in Daxing, Zhili (now Beijing).

Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
The Provisional Government of the Republic of China was a puppet government of the Empire of Japan that existed in  China from 1937 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It had been formed largely on the initiative of Imperial Japanese Army commanders in north China, before securing approval from Japanese government authorities in Tokyo. Thus the Provisional Government had nominal authority in Japanese occupied zones in north China, while to the south the Central China Expeditionary Army established the Reformed Government of the Republic of China in 1938, which had authority in the Yangtze River area. Both essentially served as a local organ of the Japanese military authorities, due to the presence and extensive powers of Japanese advisors within the Provisional Government over native Chinese bureaucrats, and because it never made any attempt to secure international recognition, even from Japan.
Lhoknga, Aceh Besar
Lhoknga District is an administrative district (kecamatan) of Aceh Besar Regency within Aceh Province of Indonesia, at the northern end of Sumatra Island. It lies to the west of the city of Banda Aceh. It covers an area of 87.95 km2, and had a population of 14,874 at the 2010 Census and 16,927 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 18,218 - thus having an average population density of 207.1 per km2.

The district is sub-divided into 28 administrative villages (gampong), containing 94 actual villages, all sharing the postcode of 23355. They are grouped into 4 mukim, as shown below. The gampong are listed below with their areas and the populations as officially estimated at mid 2024.

Aceh Besar Regency
Great Aceh Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Aceh Besar) is a regency of the Indonesian province of Aceh. It covers an area prevously known as Lamuri. The regency covers an area of 2,903.49 square kilometres and had a population of 351,418 at the 2010 Census, 391,870 at the 2015 census and 405,535 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid 2024 was 442,987 (comprising 221,967 males and 221,020 females). The Regency is located at the northwest tip of Sumatra island and surrounds the provincial capital of Banda Aceh, many suburbs of which lie within the Regency. It also includes a number of islands off the northern tip of Sumatra, which comprise Pulo Aceh District within the regency. The seat of the Regency government is the town of Jantho.
The Painted Veil (2006 film)
The Painted Veil is a 2006 drama film directed by John Curran. The screenplay by Ron Nyswaner is based on the 1925 novel of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham. Edward Norton, Naomi Watts, Toby Jones, Anthony Wong Chau Sang and Liev Schreiber appear in the leading roles.

This is the third film adaptation of the Maugham book, following a 1934 film starring Greta Garbo and Herbert Marshall and a 1957 version called The Seventh Sin with Bill Travers and Eleanor Parker, both of these aforementioned are originally produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (since WB's sister company, Turner Entertainment currently owns the rights for the first 2 film adaptations, based on the original novel of the same name).

Warner Independent Pictures
Warner Independent Pictures was an independent film division of the American film studio Warner Bros.. Established on August 7, 2003, its first release was 2004's Before Sunset, the sequel to the 1995 film Before Sunrise. The division financed, produced, acquired and distributed feature films largely budgeted under $20 million. The division closed on November 12, 2008.
David Wootton (lord mayor)
Sir David Hugh Wootton (born 21 July 1950) is an English lawyer and politician. He was the 684th Lord Mayor of London, from 2011 to 2012, and was Alderman of the Ward of Langbourn until 2 November 2024, when he retired from the Court of Aldermen.

Guild of Freemen of the City of London
The Guild of Freemen of the City of London is an association of those who hold the Freedom of the City of London.

Membership of the Guild is open to all freemen, regardless of whether they are also members of a City livery company.

The purpose of the Guild, which was founded in 1908, is to bring Freemen of the City together for charitable, educational, benevolent, and social activities. An annual magazine called The Freeman is published in April of each year and includes reports on past and future activities.

With some two thousand members, activities  include dinners in notable City of London halls, clubs, and other buildings, an Annual Banquet with the Lord Mayor of London at Guildhall, musical and cultural events, and a carol service.

The Guild has its offices at 4 Dowgate Hill in the City.
A Master is elected annually, who holds office for one year. Anne, Princess Royal, was Master in the centenary year of 2008.
NGC 3227
NGC 3227 is an intermediate spiral galaxy that is interacting with the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 3226.  The two galaxies are one of several examples of a spiral with a dwarf elliptical companion that are listed in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.  Both galaxies may be found in the constellation Leo. It is a member of the NGC 3227 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

Sir William Herschel already recognised them as a 'double nebula' and they were jointly listed as Holm 187 in the Catalogue of Double and Multiple Galaxies and as Arp 94 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Amateur telescopes can discern them but require magnification of about 100 times. They are situated 50′ east of the well-known double star system Gamma Leonis (i.e. Algieba).

One supernova has been observed in NGC 3227: SN 1983U (type Ia, mag. 12) was discovered by Vladimir Pronik on 4 November 1983.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
Myklebostad, Møre og Romsdal
Vistdal or Myklebostad is a village in the Vistdalen valley in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.

The village center is called Myklebostad while the greater village area is known as Vistdal. The village has a grocery shop with gasoline pumps, cafe on Saturdays, campsite, school, kindergarten, and Vistdal Church. Vistdal also has a sports field equipped with an association football field, a beach volleyball court, and a disc golf field.

The village is located along the south side of the Langfjorden, just west of the mouth of the Eresfjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the village of Eidsvåg. The village of Eresfjord lies about 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the southeast through the Vistdal valley.

Eresfjorden
Eresfjorden is a fjord in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long branch off of the main Langfjorden, which is itself a branch off the great Romsdal Fjord. The fjord begins at the mouth of the Eira River near the village of Eresfjord, and then it flows north to meet the Langfjorden near the villages of Eidsvåg and Boggestranda.
NGC 4217
NGC 4217 is an edge-on spiral galaxy which lies approximately 60 million light-years (18 million parsecs) away in the constellation of Canes Venatici. It is a possible companion galaxy to Messier 106 (NGC 4258).

One supernova, SN 2022myz (type I, mag. 19), was discovered in NGC 4217 on 19 June 2022.

Canes Venatici
Canes Venatici (/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/ KAY-neez vin-AT-iss-eye) is one of the 88 constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is a small northern constellation that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Its name is Latin for 'hunting dogs', and the constellation is often depicted in illustrations as representing the dogs of Boötes the Herdsman, a neighboring constellation.

Cor Caroli is the constellation's brightest star, with an apparent magnitude of 2.9. La Superba (Y CVn) is one of the reddest naked-eye stars and one of the brightest carbon stars. The Whirlpool Galaxy is a spiral galaxy tilted face-on to observers on Earth, and was the first galaxy whose spiral nature was discerned. In addition, quasar TON 618 is one of the most massive black holes with the mass of 66 billion solar masses.
2025 NIRSA National Soccer Championship
Hig

The 2025 NIRSA national soccer championship was the 31st NIRSA National Soccer Championships, the annual national championships for United States-based, collegiate club soccer teams organized by NIRSA. It took place at SCHEELS Overland Park Soccer Complex in Overland Park, Kansas, from Thursday, November 20, to Saturday, November 22, 2025.

2010 NIRSA National Soccer Championship
The 2010 NIRSA national soccer championship was the 17th NIRSA National Soccer Championships, the annual national championships for United States-based, collegiate club soccer teams organized by NIRSA. It took place at Reach 11 Sports Complex, in Phoenix, Arizona from Thursday, November 18 to Saturday, November 20, 2010.
Four Corners Cup
The Four Corners Cup was a regional soccer competition among the USL Championship clubs located in states that intersect at the Four Corners: Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC, New Mexico United, Phoenix Rising FC and Real Monarchs SLC. The four clubs played each other home and away in a round robin format, with the champion determined by total points accumulated. The competition was canceled during the 2021 as Phoenix Rising were assigned to a separate division, preventing round-robin play. In 2022, the Real Monarchs moved the MLS Next Pro league, ending the competition.

Phoenix Rising FC
Phoenix Rising Football Club is an American professional soccer team based in Phoenix, Arizona. Founded in 2014 as Arizona United Soccer Club, the team is a member of the USL Championship, the second division of American soccer. Phoenix has enjoyed moderate success in their history, winning the Western Conference title multiple times and having won the USL Championship final once in 2023.

The club currently plays at the Phoenix Rising Soccer Stadium east of Downtown Phoenix, and has played in the Phoenix metro area the club's whole existence.
Acthorpe
Acthorpe is a hamlet in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is approximately 2 miles (3 km) north-west from the town of Louth, and in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.  Acthorpe is part of the civil parish of Elkington.

Acthorpe does not appear in the Domesday Book and is considered a deserted medieval village.

Acthorpe Farm House is a Grade II listed building of red brick, dating from 1740, with nineteenth- and twentieth-century alterations.

Acthorpe Wood is an area of semi-natural ancient woodland.

Elkington, Lincolnshire
Elkington is a civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It comprises the village of South Elkington, and the hamlets of North Elkington, Boswell, and Thorpe, and is situated approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-west from the market town of Louth.
Lakhsh District
Lakhsh District (Tajik: Ноҳияи Лахш, Kyrgyz: Жерге-Тал ооданы, before 2016: Jirgatol District) is a district in Tajikistan. It lies in the extreme north-east corner of the Districts of Republican Subordination. Its northern boundary is the international boundary with Kyrgyzstan; on the south it borders with Sangvor and Tojikobod districts, and its western border is with Rasht District. Its capital is the town Vahdat (formerly: Jirgatol). The population of Lakhsh district is 64,400 (1 January 2020 estimate).

Districts of Tajikistan
As of 2020, the regions of Tajikistan are subdivided into 47 districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or Russian: район, rayon), not including 4 districts belonging to the capital city Dushanbe, and 18 cities of regional subordination (including Dushanbe, an extraregional capital city). Before ca. 2017, there were 58 districts. The districts are further subdivided into municipal units: either as urban municipalities called either as cities (Tajik: шаҳр, romanized: şahr, "cities") or towns (Tajik: шаҳрак, romanized: şahrak, "towns"), or as rural municipalities called jamoats (Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes"), which in turn are further subdivided into villages (Tajik: деҳа or қишлоқ, romanized: deha or qyshloq, "villages/hamlets").

The numbering of the districts follows the map.
Participatory democracy
Participatory democracy, participant democracy, participative democracy, or semi-direct democracy is a form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected representatives. Elements of direct and representative democracy are combined in this model.

James S. Fishkin
James S. Fishkin (born 1948) is an American political scientist and communications scholar. He holds the Janet M. Peck Chair in International Communication in the Department of Communication at Stanford University, where he serves as a professor of communication and, by courtesy, political science. He also acts as the director of Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab. Fishkin is widely cited for his work on deliberative democracy, with his proposition of Deliberative Polling in 1988 being particularly influential. Together with Robert Luskin, Fishkin's work has led to over 100 deliberative polls in 28 countries.