hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Donald Howard (priest)
Donald Howard  AKC (1927 - 2007)  was an Anglican priest, most notably Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen from 1978 until  1991.

Howard was born on 21 January 1927, trained for the priesthood at King's College London; and ordained in 1960. After a curacy at Saltburn-by-the-Sea he was Director of the  South Bechuanaland Mission from 1962 to 1965; then Rector of St John, East London from 1965 to 1971. He was Rector of Haddington from 1972 to 1978.

Associateship of King's College
The Associateship of King's College (AKC) award was the degree-equivalent qualification of King's College London from 1833. It is the original qualification that King's awarded to its students. In current practice, it is an optional award, unique to King's College London, that students can study in addition to their degree proper. After successfully completing the AKC course, participants may apply to be elected by the Academic Board of King's College London as an 'Associate of King's College' (AKC). Once their election has been ratified, they are permitted to use the post-nominal letters "AKC" along with their main qualification.
Cebolla Wilderness
Cebolla Wilderness is a 61,600-acre (24,900 ha) Wilderness area located within the El Malpais National Conservation Area in New Mexico. The area was added to the National Wilderness Preservation System on December 31, 1987, by Public Law 100-225. The  area is a bordered by the Acoma Pueblo to the east and the El Malpais National Monument and New Mexico Highway 117 to the west. Elevations range from 7,000 feet (2,100 m) to 8,200 feet (2,500 m).  The sandstone canyons and mesas of this rimrock area include features such as La Ventana Natural Arch.

El Malpais National Monument
El Malpais National Monument is a National Monument located in western New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States. The name El Malpais is from the Spanish term Malpaís, meaning badlands, due to the extremely barren and dramatic volcanic field that covers much of the park's area.

It is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways. There are many geologic features, including lava tubes and ice caves. There is also abundant wildlife to be encountered year round. Native Americans have used the area for centuries, and it became a National Monument in 1987.
Jordi Trilla Clanchet
Jordi Trilla Clanchet (born 21 December 2004) is an Andorran tennis player.

Trilla Clanchet debuted for the Andorra Davis Cup team as a 16-year old in 2021. One of the youngest ever Andorran Davis Cup players, he was brought into the team as part of the local federation's new focus of giving experience to youth players. He featured in the doubles rubbers of back to back ties against North Macedonia and Kosovo, winning the latter (partnering Èric Cervós Noguer).

Èric Cervós Noguer
Èric Cervós Noguer (born 18 May 1999) is an Andorran tennis player.

Cervós Noguer represents Andorra at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 7–21. He was selected to represent Andorra at the 2017 Games of the Small States of Europe.
United States Army Western Hemisphere Command
The United States Army Western Hemisphere Command (USAWHC) is a command of the United States Army. It serves as the theater army and Army Service Component Command (ASCC) for both United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) and United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM), overseeing operations across North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Anticipating full operating capability by summer 2026, the command will oversee local operations, defense of the US southern border, natural disaster response, and general humanitarian assistance in the Western Hemisphere. USAWHC was activated on 5 December 2025, at Fort Bragg in North Carolina.

First Army (United States)
First Army is the oldest and longest-established field army of the United States Army. It served as a theater army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, and supplied the US army with soldiers and equipment during the Korean War and the Vietnam War under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command.
Merritt Mauzey
Merritt Mauzey (1897-1973) was an American lithographer and noted children’s book author and illustrator in the mid-20th century. Associated closely with the Dallas Nine group of artists, Mauzey was a self-taught artist known for his depictions of rural life and the cotton industry in his native Texas.

Dallas Museum of Art
The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St. Paul and Harwood. In the 1970s, the museum moved from its previous location in Fair Park to the Arts District. The new building was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and John MY Lee Associates, the 2007 winner of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal. The construction of the building spanned in stages over a decade.

The museum collection is made up of more than 24,000 objects, dating from the third millennium BC to the present day. It is known for its dynamic exhibition policy and educational programs. The Mildred R. and Frederick M. Mayer Library (the museum's non-circulating research library) contains over 50,000 volumes available to curators and the general public. With 159,000 square feet (14,800 m2) of exhibition spaces, it is one of the largest art museums in the United States.
Arzfeld
Arzfeld is a municipality in the district Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Eifel, near the border with Luxembourg, approximately 20 km north-west of Bitburg and 25 km south-east of Sankt-Vith.

Arzfeld is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Arzfeld. The Church of St. Luzia is located here.

Bitburg
Bitburg (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪtbʊʁk] ⓘ; French: Bitbourg; Luxembourgish: Béibreg [ˈbɜɪ̯bʀəɕ]) is a city in Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate approximately 25 km (16 mi.) northwest of Trier and 50 km (31 mi.) northeast of Luxembourg city. The American Spangdahlem Air Base is nearby.
Masradapis
Masradapis is an extinct genus of caenopithecine primate from the Priabonian Birket Qarun Formation of the Fayum Depression, Egypt. The type and only species, Masradapis tahai, was named and described by Erik R. Seiffert et al., in 2017. Bayesian tip-dating, when combined with Bayesian biogeographic analysis, suggests that a common ancestor of known caenopithecines dispersed to Afro-Arabia from Europe between 49.4 and 47.4 Ma, and that a trans-Tethyan back-dispersal explains Caenopithecus’ later presence in Europe.

Birket Qarun Formation
The Birket Qarun Formation is an Eocene aged formation in Egypt. It is part of the famous Wadi al Hitan. Notable fossils include the ancient whales Basilosaurus and Dorudon as well as sirenians Eotheroides and Eosiren. It also contains the teeth of various sharks and reptiles. The area was likely a mix of both marine and freshwater area with many freshwater deposits being found alongside a marine influence from the Tethys Sea.  Fossils here also preserve a shallow marine nursery for the whale Dorudon and it seems that this area would have also been the site of active predation from Basilosaurus as it attacked the newly born Dorudon calves.
Pico da Pedra
Pico da Pedra (Portuguese: peak of the rock) is a civil parish in the municipality of Ribeira Grande in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 2,909, in an area of 6.58 km2.

Rabo de Peixe
Rabo de Peixe (Portuguese for "fish tail") is a civil parish in the municipality of Ribeira Grande in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 8,866, in an area of 16.96 km2. It is the most populous and most densely populated parish in the municipality. It contains the localities Charco, Custódio, Labardas, Nogueira, Pico da Madeira, Pico da Varanda, Pico do Bode, Pico do Refugio, Rebentão, Santana, São Sebastião, Senhora da Conceição and Tulha.
Soldier Fuel
The Soldier Fuel bar, formerly known as Hooah! bar, is a dairy-based calcium-enriched energy bar created by the United States military in 1996. It was originally provided to military personnel packaged within a field ration, such as the Meal, Ready-to-Eat, Meal Cold Weather, or First Strike Ration.

Energy bar
Energy bars are supplemental snack bars containing cereals, micronutrients, and flavor ingredients intended to supply quick food energy. Because most energy bars contain added protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and other nutrients, they may be marketed as functional foods. Manufacturing of energy bars may supply nutrients in sufficient quantity to be used as meal replacements.
Joseph J. Nazzaro
Joseph James Nazzaro (March 21, 1913 – February 5, 1990) was commander in chief of Pacific Air Forces with headquarters at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii and commander in chief of Strategic Air Command with headquarters at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
George Cotes
George Cotes (or Cotys, Coates) (died 1556) was an English academic and Catholic Bishop of Chester during the English Reformation.

He had been a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford in 1522, and then became a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford in 1527. He was Junior Proctor of Oxford University in 1531. It was some years before he was elected Master of Balliol College, in which post he served in the years 1539–1545.

With the accession of Queen Mary, he was chosen to succeed the former Carmelite John Bird, who had been deprived because he was married, as Bishop of Chester. Cotes was consecrated on 1 April 1554 by bishops Stephen Gardiner of Winchester, Edmund Bonner of London, and Cuthbert Tunstall of  Durham, and received papal provision on 6 July 1554. However, he held the post for only a short period of time before he died in c. January 1556.

During the Marian Persecutions he had Protestant George Marsh burnt at the stake as a heretic.

Stephen Gardiner
Stephen Gardiner (27 July 1483 – 12 November 1555) was an English Catholic bishop and politician during the English Reformation period who served as Lord Chancellor during the reign of Queen Mary I.

Skilled in canon law, he had a significant career as a civil servant and diplomat, being brought to King Henry VIII's attention when working for Cardinal Wolsey, then serving as the king's Secretary.  As a bishop, he was the most important religious conservative to retain his diocese during the later reign of Henry, supporting the king's claim as Supreme Governor of the Church of England.  He spent most of the reign of Edward VI in prison, but was restored by Mary I of England, in whose reign he died.
Neural engineering
Neural engineering (also known as neuroengineering) is a discipline within biomedical engineering that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, or enhance neural systems. Neural engineers are uniquely qualified to solve design problems at the interface of living neural tissue and non-living constructs.

Microelectrode array
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) (also referred to as multielectrode arrays) are devices that contain multiple (tens to thousands) microelectrodes through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry.  There are two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs, used in vivo, and non-implantable MEAs, used in vitro. In each class, there are rigid, flexible, and stretchable microelectrode array.
Bent Skammelsrud
Bent André Skammelsrud (born 18 May 1966) is a Norwegian former professional footballer, most known as an important midfielder for Rosenborg BK. He has eleven consecutive championships in the Norwegian Premier League, and three times he won the Norwegian Football Cup.

2002 Tippeligaen
The 2002 Tippeligaen was the 58th completed season of top division football in Norway.

Each team played 26 games with three points given for wins and one point for a draw. Number thirteen and fourteen are relegated, number twelve has to play two qualification matches (home and away) against number three in the 1. divisjon (where number one and two are directly promoted) for the last spot.
Gành Hào
Gành Hào is a commune of Cà Mau Province, in south-western Vietnam.

The Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1655/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Cà Mau Province in 2025 (the resolution takes effect from 16 June 2025). Accordingly, Gành Hào Commune was established in Cà Mau Province on the basis of the entire natural area of 13.40 km² with a population of 17,587 people of Gành Hào Township, and the entire natural area of 71.25 km² with a population of 13,965 people of Long Điền Tây Commune, Đông Hải District, Bạc Liêu Province.

Commune-level town
Commune-level town (Vietnamese: thị trấn), a type of third tier subdivision of Vietnam is divided into 11,162 units along with ward and commune have equal status. By virtue of Decree No. 42/2009/ND-CP, townships are officially classified into Class-2, Class-3, Class-4 or Class-5. On 1 July 2025, as a result of a constitutional amendment and related legislation, all Commune-level towns ceased to exist.

The townships can only subordinate to district as the Third Tier unit.
Bellatrix (band)
Bellatrix were an Icelandic rock group. The group was founded in 1992 in Keflavík as Kolrassa krókríðandi (Black-ass Hookrider) by four women, all aged sixteen: Elíza M Geirsdóttir (vocals and violin), Sigrún Eiríksdóttir (guitar), Ester Bíbí Ásgeirsdóttir (bass) and Birgitta Vilbersdóttir (drums).

Keflavík
Keflavík (pronounced [ˈcʰɛplaˌviːk] ⓘ, meaning Driftwood Bay) is a town in the Reykjanes region in southwest Iceland. It is included in the municipality of Reykjanesbær whose population as of 2016 is 15,129.

In 1995, Keflavík merged with nearby Njarðvík and Hafnir to form the municipality of Reykjanesbær. Keflavík International Airport, the country's largest airport (serving nearby Reykjavík) is adjacent to the town.
Polysulfobetaine
Polysulfobetaines are zwitterionic polymers that contain a positively charged quaternary ammonium and a negatively charged sulfonate group within one constitutional repeat unit. In recent years, polysulfobetaines have received increasing attention owing to their good biotolerance and ultralow-fouling behavior towards surfaces. These properties are mainly referred to a tightly bound hydration layer around each zwitterionic group, which effectively suppresses protein adsorption and thus, improves anti-fouling behavior. Therefore, polysulfobetaines have been typically employed as ultrafiltration membranes, blood-contacting devices, and drug delivery materials.

The chemical structure of polysulfobetaines can be divided in several subgroups. Most widespread are amides of (meth)acrylic acid ('PSPP') or quaternary esters ('PSPE'). Also, compounds from poly(vinylpyridinium), poly(vinylimidazolium), or quaternary poly(pyrrolidinium) as well as zwitterionic ionenes, are often found.

Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.

Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.
Defeatism
Defeatism is the acceptance of defeat without struggle, often with negative connotations. It can be linked to pessimism in psychology, and may sometimes be used synonymously with fatalism or determinism.

In politics, defeatism is used for one's perceived cooperation with the opposition party. In wartime and on the front lines of war, defeatism is synonymous with treason. The term covers soldiers who refuse to fight or voice doubt about the national policy of their own faction.

Cooperation
Cooperation (now much less often written as co-operation in British English and, with a varied usage along time, coöperation) takes place when a group of organisms works or acts together for a collective benefit to the group as opposed to working in competition for selfish individual benefit. In biology, many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own species and with members of other species with whom they have (symbiotic or mutualistic) relationships.
Oedipoda charpentieri
Oedipoda charpentieri is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in southern Europe.

The IUCN conservation status of Oedipoda charpentieri is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was assessed in 2014.

Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.  Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust

Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust

Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
1972–73 QMJHL season
The 1972–73 QMJHL season was the fourth season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The summer of 1972 saw the departure of the Saint-Jérôme Alouettes and the Verdun Maple Leafs from the league, reducing the circuit to eight teams. In an off-season lawsuit between the QMJHL and the OHA, the QMJHL gained a team, when the Montreal Junior Canadiens transferred leagues.

Michel Brière Memorial Trophy is first awarded to the league's most valuable player in honour of Michel Brière, who was killed in a car accident. Nine teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The Quebec Remparts finished first place in the regular season, and won the President's Cup, defeating the Cornwall Royals in the finals.

Saint-Jérôme Alouettes
The Saint-Jérôme Alouettes were a junior ice hockey team that played in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, Canada. The team originated during the late 1950s in the Quebec Junior Hockey League, and played there until 1969. After which, the Alouettes joined the higher calibre Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, and played for three seasons, from 1969 to 1972.
Vellalar
Vellalar is a group of castes in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, and northeastern parts of Sri Lanka. The Vellalar are members of several endogamous castes such as the numerically strong Arunattu Vellalar, Chozhia Vellalar, Karkarthar Vellalar, Kongu Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Sri Lankan Vellalar.

Tondaimandalam
Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam, also known as Toṇḍai Nāḍu, is a historical region located in the northernmost part of Tamil Nadu and southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh. Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam was divided into 24 kottams — smaller districts by kurumbar king and also build a royal fort (pulhal). The kottams are subdivided into smaller agricultural districts called nadus, which were groupings of several agricultural villages. At the beginning of the historical period, the kottams were mostly pastoral. The region comprises the districts which formed a part of the legendary kingdom of Athondai Chakravarti. The boundaries of Tondaimandalam are ambiguous – between the river basins of Penna River and Ponnaiyar River. During the reign of Rajaraja I, this region was called as Jayankonda Cholamandalam.
2008 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 2008 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June.

They were announced on 14 June 2008 in the United Kingdom, on 9 June 2008 in Australia, on 2 June 2008 in New Zealand, and on 14 June 2008 in Barbados, The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, and Belize.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

Royal Marsden Hospital
The Royal Marsden Hospital is a specialist National Health Service oncology hospital in London based at two sites in Brompton, in Kensington and Chelsea, and Belmont in Sutton. It is managed by The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and supported by The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity.

In addition to providing cancer diagnosis, treatment and care, The Royal Marsden is a major centre for cancer research and teaching. It has a close affiliation with the Institute of Cancer Research, which originated as the hospital's research department and is located alongside the hospital in Brompton and Belmont. Through its subsidiary The Royal Marsden School, it offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in cancer care validated by the University of East Anglia.
Taralga
Taralga is a small village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, in Upper Lachlan Shire. It is located at the intersection of the Goulburn-Oberon Road and the Laggan-Taralga Road. It is accessible from Oberon to the north, Mittagong to the east, Goulburn to the south, and Crookwell to the west. At the 2016 census, Taralga had a population of 467. Taralga is located relatively close to the famous Wombeyan Caves. The town experiences a volatile climate and is often affected by snow in the winter months.

The population of Taralga has fluctuated over time reflecting the town's fortunes. There were approximately 100 residents in 1863, growing to over 700 by the 1890s. Immediately after the depression of the 1890s, the population shrank to half this size, but recovered by the mid-1950s almost to its peak level. Today the town and its surroundings are home to around 400 people.

Oberon, New South Wales
Oberon is a town located within the Oberon Council local government area, in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The main industries are farming, forestry and wood products. The town usually receives snowfall during the winter months, owing to its high elevation. At the 2021 census, Oberon had a population of 3,319 people.

It is the birthplace of Greens politician Bob Brown and journalist Ken Sutcliffe, State Motocross rider Scott Saul and former Penrith Panthers players Ray Blacklock and Mark Booth. Oberon is located near Jenolan Caves and the Kanangra-Boyd National Park.