hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H5F3O2S.  It is used pharmacologically as a chelating agent. It is an inhibitor of cellular respiration by blocking the respiratory chain at complex II.

The first report of TTFA as an inhibitor of respiration was by A. L. Tappel in 1960. Tappel had the erroneous idea that inhibitors such as antimycin and alkyl hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide might work by chelating iron in the hydrophobic milieu of respiratory membrane proteins, so he tested a series of hydrophobic chelating agents. TTFA was a potent inhibitor, but not because of its chelating ability. TTFA binds at the quinone reduction site in Complex II, preventing ubiquinone from binding. The first x-ray structure of Complex II showing how TTFA binds was published in 2005.

Thenoyltrifluoroacetone can be made in by Claisen condensation of ethyl trifluoroacetate and 2-acetylthiophene.

2-Acetylthiophene
2-Acetylthiophene is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3C(O)C4H3S.  A yellow liquid, it is the more useful of the two isomers of acetylthiophene. It is of commercial interest as a precursor to both thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and thiophene-2-acetic acid.  It is prepared by the reaction of thiophene with acetyl chloride in the presence of stannic chloride.
History of Oklahoma
The history of Oklahoma refers to the history of the state of Oklahoma and the land that the state now occupies. Areas of Oklahoma east of its panhandle were acquired in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, while the Panhandle was not acquired until the U.S. land acquisitions following the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

Most of Oklahoma was set aside as Indian Territory, with the general borders of the Indian Territory being formed in 1834 from the Indian Intercourse Act. It was opened for general settlement in 1889. The "Sooners" were settlers who arrived before this period of official authorization. From 1890 to 1907 Oklahoma split into two territories known as Oklahoma Territory in the west and Indian Territory in the east. Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16, 1907. Early on in Oklahoma's statehood, it was primarily a ranching and farming state, with oil being a major economic producer as well.

State of Sequoyah
The State of Sequoyah was a proposed state to be established from the Indian Territory in eastern present-day Oklahoma. In 1905, with the end of tribal governments looming, Native Americans (the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole) in Indian Territory proposed to create a state as a means to retain control of their lands. Their intention was to have a state under Native American constitution and governance. Their efforts failed to gain support in Congress, and the territory was annexed to the United States in 1907.
Fajã Amaro da Cunha
The Fajã Amaro da Cunha is a permanent debris field, built from the collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Rosais, in the municipality of Velas, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

The small fajã is situated along the northern coast of the island, and is a narrow field of geomorphological deposits, sloping along the margins of the coast. It is inhabited for short periods of time during the year, when the fertile land is cultivated by local farmers. Located near the Fajã da Ermida, there is no permanent human settlement on the fajã.

São Jorge Island
São Jorge (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈʒɔɾʒɨ]; Portuguese for 'Saint George') is an island in the central group of the Azores archipelago and part of the autonomous region of Portugal.  Separated from its nearest neighbours (Pico and Faial islands) by  the 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) Pico-São Jorge Channel, the central group is often referred colloquially as part of the Triângulo ("Triangle") group or just "The Triangle". São Jorge is a relatively long thin island with tall cliffs, whose 8,381 inhabitants are concentrated on various geological debris fields (fajãs) along the north and south coasts; from east to west, the island is 53 kilometres (33 mi) long and, north to south, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide: its area is 237.59 square kilometres (91.73 mi2).
Crataegus fontanesiana
J.B. Phipps has shown that Crataegus fontanesiana are "somewhat narrow-leaved forms of C. calpodendron". The name was mis-applied for much of the 19th and 20th centuries to some forms of C. crus-galli.

Crataegus crus-galli
Crataegus crus-galli is a species of hawthorn known by the common names cockspur hawthorn, cockspur thorn, Newcastle hawthorne, Newcastle thorn, hog apple. It is native to North America and is widely used in horticulture. It produces edible fruit.
Muriel de Lisle
Muriel de Lisle (20 January 1892 – 30 March 1974) was instrumental in the early years of Girl Guiding in Warwickshire. She was a recipient of the Silver Fish Award, Girl Guiding's highest adult honour.

Silver Fish Award
The Silver Fish Award is the highest adult award in Girlguiding. It is awarded for outstanding service to Girlguiding combined with service to world Guiding. The award has changed greatly since it first appeared in 1911, initially being awarded to girls on completion of a number of badges, then via numerous stages to the highest award in the Guiding movement worldwide, and then on to its position as a Girlguiding award.
Chioma Okafor (footballer)
Chioma Okafor OON Listenⓘ (born 20 March 2003) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for the North Carolina Courage of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). Born in Malawi, she plays for the Nigeria national team. She played college soccer for the UConn Huskies, earning All-American honors three times.

2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations
The 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations (Arabic: كأس الأمم الإفريقية للسيدات 2024), officially known as the 2024 TotalEnergies Women's Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship purposes and as WAFCON 2024 for short, was the 15th edition of the biennial African women's football tournament organised by the Confederation of African Football. This was the second consecutive time for Morocco hosting the tournament, having also hosted the previous edition two years before. The tournament was delayed and took place between 5 and 26 July 2025.

South Africa were the defending champions but were eliminated by record champions Nigeria in the semi-finals. Nigeria went on to beat Morocco 3–2 in the final to win the tournament for the record-extending 12th time.
1852 Naval Air Squadron
1852 Naval Air Squadron (1852 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). It formed at RN Air Section Brunswick, in the United States on 1 February 1945 as a fighter squadron, with eighteen Vought Corsair Mk IV fighter aircraft. Following deck landing training aboard the USS Charger, it embarked in HMS Patroller for the United Kingdom on 5 May. It disembarked to HMS Gadwall, RNAS Belfast, on 25 May, but due to V-J Day it disbanded on 29 August.

Naval Air Station Brunswick
Naval Air Station Brunswick (IATA: NHZ, ICAO: KNHZ, FAA LID: NHZ), also known as NAS Brunswick or the Brunswick Naval Air Station, was a military airport located 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Brunswick, Maine, with a number of Navy-operated maritime patrol aircraft. As of November 28, 2009, the last aircraft (P-3 Orions) left. The runways were permanently closed in January 2010. The base operated while the airport operated publicly under the name Brunswick Executive Airport until the base closed on May 31, 2011, as per the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure committee decision. Since then, the base is known as Brunswick Landing. The Midcoast Regional Redevelopment Authority has been managing base redevelopment with a high-tech business and industrial park. On April 2, 2011, the airport reopened as Brunswick Executive Airport.
Bancroft Gherardi Jr.
Bancroft Gherardi Jr. (April 6, 1873 – August 14, 1941) was a noted American electrical engineer and business executive as vice-president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). He was known for his pioneering work in developing the early telephone and transmission systems in the United States. Recognized as one of the foremost authorities in telephone engineering, Gherardi was instrumental in developing the transcontinental telephone service in 1915 and the trans-Atlantic radio telephone service in 1927. He was awarded the IEEE Edison Medal in 1932 for "contributions to the art of telephone engineering and the development of electrical communication".

IEEE Edison Medal
The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering, or the electrical arts." It is the oldest medal in this field of engineering.   The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate, and honorarium.  The medal may only be awarded to a new leap/breakthrough in the technological area of science.
Kansas African American Legislative Caucus
The Kansas African American Legislative Caucus, (formerly known as the Kansas Black Legislative Caucus), is an American political and educational organization. The Caucus is composed of seven African Americans elected to the Kansas Legislature.

Kansas Legislature
The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a bicameral assembly, composed of the lower Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 state representatives, and the upper Kansas Senate, with 40 state senators. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, senators for four-year terms.

Prior to statehood, separate pro-slavery and anti-slavery territorial legislatures emerged, drafting four separate constitutions, until one was finally ratified and Kansas became a state in 1861. Republicans hold a long-standing supermajority in both houses of the state legislature, despite a short-lived dominance by the Populist Party.

Composed of 165 state lawmakers, the state legislature meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka once a year in regular session. Additional special sessions can be called by the governor.
USS Groton (SSBN-828)
USS Groton (SSBN-828) will be the third Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) of the United States Navy. Alongside her sisterships, she will replace the ageing Ohio-class SSBN as part of the American nuclear triad. Groton was named after Groton, Connecticut, nicknamed the "submarine capital of the world" due to it hosting Naval Submarine Base New London and historically serving as a center of US submarine development. When she was named in 2025, the boat had not yet been ordered due to a disagreement between the Navy and builder Electric Boat over the cost.

Columbia-class submarine
The upcoming Columbia class (formerly known as the Ohio Replacement Submarine and SSBN-X Future Follow-on Submarine) are nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines of the United States Navy, designed to replace the Ohio class. Construction of the first vessel began on 1 October 2020, and is scheduled to enter service in 2031.

On 3 June 2022, the Navy announced that the lead vessel of the class will be named USS District of Columbia (SSBN-826), because there is already an attack submarine named USS Columbia (SSN-771). Nevertheless, the Navy has since continued to refer to the class as Columbia.
Omicron Ursae Majoris
Omicron Ursae Majoris (ο Ursae Majoris, abbreviated Omicron UMa, ο UMa), formally named Muscida /ˈmjuːsɪdə/, is a star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.35 and is located at a distance of around 179 light-years (55 parsecs) from the Sun. In 2012, an exoplanet designated Omicron Ursae Majoris Ab was found to be orbiting the primary.

Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.
Reichsgau Oberdonau
The Reichsgau Upper Danube (German: Reichsgau Oberdonau) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany, created after the Anschluss (annexation of Austria) in 1938 and dissolved in 1945. It consisted of what is today Upper Austria, parts of Southern Bohemia, and a small part of the Salzkammergut which was annexed from Styria.

The Gau had the honorary title of "Home Gau of the Führer" (German: Heimatgau des Führers), since Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn and spent much of his early life in Linz. His home Berghof was located in neighboring Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria.

Gauleiter
A Gauleiter (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊlaɪtɐ] ⓘ) was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
Penrose transform
In theoretical physics, the Penrose transform, introduced by Roger Penrose (1967, 1968, 1969), is a complex analogue of the Radon transform that relates massless fields on spacetime, or more precisely the space of solutions to massless field equations, to sheaf cohomology groups on complex projective space.  The projective space in question is the twistor space, a geometrical space naturally associated to the original spacetime, and the twistor transform is also geometrically natural in the sense of integral geometry.  The Penrose transform is a major component of classical twistor theory.

Integral geometry
In mathematics, integral geometry is the theory of measures on a geometrical space invariant under the symmetry group of that space.  In more recent times, the meaning has been broadened to include a view of invariant (or equivariant) transformations from the space of functions on one geometrical space to the space of functions on another geometrical space.  Such transformations often take the form of integral transforms such as the Radon transform and its generalizations.
Nkrumaism
Nkrumaism (sometimes Consciencism) is an African socialist political ideology based on the thinking and writing of Kwame Nkrumah. A pan-Africanist and socialist, Nkrumah served as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast (later Ghana) from 1952 until 1960 and subsequently as President of Ghana before being deposed by the National Liberation Council in 1966.

President of Ghana
The president of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as commander-in-chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current president of Ghana is John Mahama, who won the 2024 presidential election against then vice president, Mahamudu Bawumia, by a margin of 14.94%. He was sworn into office on 7 January 2025.
2007–08 Pro A season
The 2007–08 LNB Pro A season was the 86th season of the French Basketball Championship and the 21st season since inception of the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (LNB). The regular season started on September 29, 2007 and ended on May 14, 2008. The play-offs were held from May 20, 2008 till June 15, 2008.

Nancy, after finishing at the second top seed of the regular season, won the French Pro A League by defeating Roanne in playoffs final (84-53).

Chorale Roanne Basket
Chorale Roanne Basket is a professional basketball club that is based in Roanne, France. The club plays in the first division LNB Pro A. Their home arena is Halle André Vacheresse. The club was founded in 1937 and the team's colors are blue and white.
Magnificent riflebird
The magnificent riflebird (Ptiloris magnificus) is a species of passerine bird in the birds-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae.

Magnificent riflebirds are widely distributed throughout lowland rainforests of western New Guinea and the northern Cape York Peninsula of Australia (continent). A relatively common species throughout its range, it is evaluated as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Louis Pierre Vieillot
Louis Pierre Vieillot (French pronunciation: [lwi pjɛʁ vjɛjo]; 10 May 1748 in Yvetot – 24 August 1830 in Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist.

Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collected himself in the West Indies, as well as North American and South American species discovered but not formally named by Félix de Azara and his translator Sonnini de Manoncourt. He was among the first ornithologists to study changes in plumage and one of the first to study live birds. At least 88 of the genera erected by Vieillot are still in use.
Kathua
Kathua is a city and municipal council of the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. The city is the headquarters of Kathua district and is divided into 27 wards which constitute the Kathua Municipal Council. It is situated along NH-44. The city has a bustling industrial area and an army cantonment adjoining it. Being a transit hub for industrial activity in the state, the city has a large industrial base with a textile park, biotechnology and pharma industrial and research park, cement industry, and many medium-scale MSMEs.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Purity of Essence (Hoodoo Gurus album)
Purity of Essence is the ninth studio album by Australian group Hoodoo Gurus. It was released on 12 March 2010 and peaked at No. 16 on the ARIA Charts.

The album was co-produced by the band with Charles Fisher, who produced two  of the band's previous albums, Mars Needs Guitars! and Blue Cave. The album was mixed by Ed Stasium, who previously worked with the Hoodoo Gurus on the Kinky and Crank.

Blue Cave (album)
Blue Cave or In Blue Cave is the seventh studio album by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus. The album was released in May 1996 and peaked at number 18 on the ARIA charts.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1996, the album was nominated for Best Pop Release.

EMI re-released the album on 6 February 2005 with six additional tracks, a fold out poster and liner notes by Charles Fisher, the record producer.

The album title Blue Cave originates from a brothel named "Gruta Azul" that they visited when touring in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The brothel which inspired the title is still open until the present date.
Dong Mueang Aem
Dong Mueang Aem (Thai: ดงเมืองแอม) was a group of ancient settlements located in Dong Mueang Aem subdistrict, Khao Suan Kwang, Khon Kaen, northeastern Thailand, controlling trade route between the Songkhram River basin to the north and the Chi–Mun basins to the south. It was inhabited from the 6th – 18th centuries from the Dvaravati to the late Ayutthaya periods,: 265  and was once being sacked by Mahendravarman of Chenla during his expansion campaign to the Chi-Mun Valley. After being abandoned for a century, it was repopulated by Lao people in 1859.

Dong Mueang Aem was a supra-regional center of the Dvaravati civilization, together with Si Thep, Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang, and others, but little known about its political structure.: 152  It could have previously been the center of an ancient kingdom.: 151–52  According to the Wat Sri Mueang Aem Inscription (K. 1120) discovered in the inner city, Dong Mueang Aem potentially could be linked to the formation of Chenla.: 78–79

Mun River
The Mun River (Thai: แม่น้ำมูล, RTGS: Maenam Mun, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm mūːn]; Northeastern Thai: แม่น้ำมูล, pronounced [mɛ̄ː.nȁːm mûːn]), sometimes spelled Moon River, is a tributary of the Mekong River. It carries approximately 26 cubic kilometres (6.2 mi3) of water per year.
Mount Storm Lake
Mount Storm Lake – also known as New Stony River Reservoir – is a 1,200 acres (4.9 km2) reservoir created in 1965 on the Stony River in Grant County, West Virginia. It serves as a cooling pond for the Dominion 1.6 gigawatt Mount Storm Power Station, which provides electricity to more than two million customers in Northern Virginia. The reservoir stands at an altitude of 3,244 feet (989 m).

Cooling pond
A cooling pond is a man-made body of water primarily formed for the purpose of cooling heated water or to store and supply cooling water to a nearby power plant or industrial facility such as a petroleum refinery, pulp and paper mill, chemical plant, steel mill or smelter.
2007 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship
The 2007 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship was the 2007 installment of the annual Ulster Senior Club Football Championship which is administered by Ulster GAA. The holders were Crossmaglen Rangers of Armagh. They defeated St Galls of Antrim in the final. Crossmaglen received the Séamus McFerran Cup and went on to represent Ulster in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

Ulster Senior Club Football Championship
The Ulster Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament organised by Ulster GAA. It is played between the Senior championship winners from each of the nine counties of Ulster. The competition was first held in 1968 and has a straight knock-out format. The winners are awarded the Seamus McFerran Cup (Irish: Corn Shéamuis Mhic Fearáin). The winners go on to represent Ulster in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

Derry clubs have won the competition seventeen times, more than any other county. Crossmaglen Rangers are the most successful club, having won the competition eleven times. The current champions are Scotstown from Monaghan, having beaten Kilcoo in the 2025 final.
Devil's Appendix
The Devil's Appendix (Welsh: Nant Clogwyn y Geifr) is the tallest single-drop waterfall in Wales and one of the tallest in the United Kingdom. It is a plunge style waterfall located on the Clogwyn y Geifr cliffs beside Twll Du in Cwm Idwal, Snowdonia, Wales.

It is formed where a small stream falls for approximately 305 feet (93 metres) to reach the slopes above Llyn Idwal. Depending on flow and the ambient temperature, it can be either an ice climbing route, a single drop waterfall, or a broken waterfall.

Cwm Idwal
Cwm Idwal is a cirque (or corrie) in the Glyderau range of mountains in northern Snowdonia, the national park in the mountainous region of North Wales. Its main interest is to hill walkers and rock climbers, but it is also of interest to geologists and naturalists, given its combination of altitude (relatively high in UK terms), aspect (north-facing) and terrain (mountainous and rocky). In a 2005 poll conducted by Radio Times, Cwm Idwal was ranked the 7th greatest natural wonder in Britain.
Dolenja Žaga
Dolenja Žaga (pronounced [dɔˈleːnja ˈʒaːɡa]; in older sources also Spodnja Žaga, German: Unterschaga) is an abandoned settlement on the left bank of the Kolpa River north of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Lobič, Na Rebri, and Trsje.

Kostel, Kostel
Kostel (pronounced [ˈkɔːstɛu̯]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. It is located on the left bank of the Kolpa River next to the border with Croatia. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.