hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Character sum
In mathematics, a character sum is a sum  of values of a Dirichlet character χ modulo N, taken over a given range of values of n. Such sums are basic in a number of questions, for example in the distribution of quadratic residues, and in particular in the classical question of finding an upper bound for the least quadratic non-residue modulo N. Character sums are often closely linked to exponential sums by the Gauss sums (this is like a finite Mellin transform).

Assume χ is a non-principal Dirichlet character to the modulus N.

George Pólya
George Pólya (/ˈpoʊljə/; Hungarian: Pólya György [ˈpoːjɒ ˈɟørɟ]; December 13, 1887 – September 7, 1985) was a Hungarian-American mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zürich and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University. He made fundamental contributions to combinatorics, number theory, numerical analysis and probability theory. He is also noted for his work in heuristics and mathematics education. He has been described as one of The Martians, an informal category which included one of his most famous students at ETH Zurich, John von Neumann.
Terry Lightfoot
Terence Lightfoot (21 May 1935 – 15 March 2013) was a British jazz clarinettist and bandleader, and together with Chris Barber, Acker Bilk and Kenny Ball was one of the leading members of the trad jazz generation of British jazzmen.

Chris Barber
Donald Christopher Barber (17 April 1930 – 2 March 2021) was an English jazz musician, best known as a bandleader and trombonist. He helped many musicians with their careers and had a UK top twenty trad jazz hit with "Petite Fleur" in 1959. These musicians included the blues singer Ottilie Patterson, who was at one time his wife, and Lonnie Donegan, whose appearances with Barber triggered the skiffle craze of the mid-1950s and who had his first transatlantic hit, "Rock Island Line", while with Barber's band. He provided an audience for Donegan and, later, Alexis Korner, and sponsored African-American blues musicians to visit Britain, making Barber a significant figure in launching the British rhythm and blues and "beat boom" of the 1960s.
Jiang Ke
Jiang Ke (died 21 March 672), formally the Duke of Yong'an, was a Chinese military general and politician of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor for several years during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

Menxia Sheng
The Menxia Sheng (門下省), sometimes translated as the Chancellery or Examination Bureau, was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure of imperial China. It advised the emperor and the Zhongshu Sheng (Central Secretariat), and reviewed edicts and commands. As the least important of the three departments, it existed in name only by the Song dynasty while its functions were delegated to the other two departments. In 1129, the Chancellery was merged with the Central Secretariat.
Mölnbo railway station
Mölnbo is a station on Stockholm's commuter rail network, located in the locality of Mölnbo within Södertälje Municipality on the Western Main Line. The station has two side platforms and serves commuter trains between Gnesta and Södertälje centrum. As of 2015, the station had approximately 1,000 boarding passengers per weekday.

Södertälje Municipality
Södertälje Municipality (Swedish: Södertälje kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Södertälje.

It borders to Lake Mälaren in the north and the Baltic Sea in the south, and within the Stockholm County to Nykvarn Municipality and Salem Municipality and also border Södermanland County and its municipals Gnesta and Trosa.

The municipality was created 1967–1971 through the amalgamation of the former City of Södertälje with large rural and suburban areas surrounding it. In 1999, it was split when a new entity, Nykvarn Municipality, was detached from Södertälje Municipality.
Wu Yanan (canoeist)
Wu Yanan (simplified Chinese: 吴 亚男; traditional Chinese: 吳 亞男; pinyin: Wú Yànán; born December 8, 1985, in Chuzhou, Anhui) is a Chinese sprint canoeist. She won a gold medal, as a member of the Chinese women's kayak four team, at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, with a time of 1:34.440.

Wu represented China at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's K-2 500 metres. Wu and her partner Zhou Yu narrowly missed out on an Olympic medal in the A-final by almost fourteen hundredths of a second (0.14), finishing behind the Polish bronze-medal winning pair of Karolina Naja and Beata Mikołajczyk, with a time of 1:44.136.

Beata Mikołajczyk
Beata Mikołajczyk (Polish pronunciation: [bɛˈata mikɔˈwajt͡ʂɨk]; born 15 October 1985) is a Polish canoe sprinter. She competed at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics, in two events for each games; she won one silver and two bronze medals and placed fourth two times.
Mount Davis (California)
Mount Davis is a prominent peak in the Ansel Adams Wilderness on the Inyo National Forest and south of Yosemite National Park. The peak was named in honor of Lieutenant Milton Fennimore Davis, who was with the first troops detailed to guard Yosemite National Park. Davis was the first person to climb the peak.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
2021 Heilbronner Neckarcup
The 2021 Heilbronner Neckarcup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Heilbronn, Germany between 10 and 16 May 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Recursive neural network
A recursive neural network is a kind of deep neural network created by applying the same set of weights recursively over a structured input, to produce a structured prediction over variable-size input structures, or a scalar prediction on it, by traversing a given structure in topological order. These networks were first introduced to learn distributed representations of structure (such as logical terms), but have been successful in multiple applications, for instance in learning sequence and tree structures in natural language processing (mainly continuous representations of phrases and sentences based on word embeddings).

Word embedding
In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis. Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. Word embeddings can be obtained using language modeling and feature learning techniques, where words or phrases from the vocabulary are mapped to vectors of real numbers.

Methods to generate this mapping include neural networks, dimensionality reduction on the word co-occurrence matrix, probabilistic models, explainable knowledge base method, and explicit representation in terms of the context in which words appear.

Word and phrase embeddings, when used as the underlying input representation, have been shown to boost the performance in NLP tasks such as syntactic parsing and sentiment analysis.
Gymnastics at the European Games – Women's floor exercise
The European Games were first held in 2015 and are held every four years.

Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.

Gymnastics at the 2015 European Games
Gymnastics competitions at the 2015 European Games were held in the National Gymnastics Arena, Baku between 15–21 June 2015.

In all, five different gymnastics disciplines were contested. In addition to the existing Olympic programme, additional events were held in both the rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining disciplines. In addition, events in two non-Olympic disciplines, aerobic gymnastics and acrobatic gymnastics were included.
Sierra Northern Railway
The Sierra Northern Railway (reporting mark SERA) is a common carrier railroad company operating in California. The company owns several rights of way originating from those of the former Sacramento Northern Railroad, Sierra Railway Company Of California, Southern Pacific Railroad and Yolo Shortline Railroad. It handles all freight operations and track maintenance for its parent company, the Sierra Railroad Company. The tracks that are maintained by Sierra Northern are also used by the Sierra Railroad Company's tourist trains. According to the AAR, the line operates 99 miles (159 km) of track in California. It serves a number of industrial areas in the state and interchanges with the Union Pacific Railroad, the BNSF Railway and the Northwestern Pacific Railroad.

Riverbank, California
Riverbank is a city in Stanislaus County, California, United States. The population was 24,865 at the 2020 census, up from 22,678 at the 2010 census. Incorporated on August 23, 1922, Riverbank's official slogan is "City of Action." It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Riverbank was founded as a ferry crossing, and was established as a town with the coming of the San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railroad, which was soon acquired by the Santa Fe Railroad. It is named for its location on the Stanislaus River.
Muslim conquest of Khorasan
The Muslim conquest of Khorasan, or Arab conquest of Khorasan, was part of the early Muslim conquests. It was the last phase of the conquest of Sasanian Persia by the Arab Caliphates, and gradually saw the Islamization of the region.

Al-Ahnaf
Abu Bahr Al-Ahnaf ibn Qays (Arabic: الأحنف بن قيس) was a Muslim commander who lived during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad. He hailed from the Arab tribe of Banu Tamim and was born of noble parents. Initially, his father named him ad-Dhahhak, but people called him al-Ahnaf, which meant "the clubfooted" in classical Arabic. Al-Baladhuri, however, noted that he was also identified as Abdallah ibn Khazim.
Ruud Krol
Rudolf Jozef "Ruud" (or "Rudi") Krol (Dutch pronunciation: [ryt ˈkrɔl]; born 24 March 1949) is a Dutch former professional footballer who was capped 83 times for the Netherlands national team. Most of his career he played for his home town club, Ajax. He became a coach after retirement. Regarded as one of the greatest defenders of all time, Krol mainly played as a sweeper or left-back, though he could play anywhere across the back line, or in midfield as a defensive midfielder, due to his range of passing with both feet, temperament, tactical intelligence, and his ability to start attacking plays after winning back the ball.

1972 Intercontinental Cup
The 1972 Intercontinental Cup was an association football tie held over two legs in September 1972 between the winners of the 1971–72 European Cup, Ajax, and the winners of the 1972 Copa Libertadores, Independiente.

The first leg was held on 6 September 1972 at Independiente Stadium (La Doble Visera), home of Independiente, and ended in a 1–1 draw, with goals from Johan Cruyff and Francisco Sá. The return leg was held on 28 September 1972 at the Olympic Stadium, which was won by Ajax 3–0. Therefore the Dutch side won their first Intercontinental Cup trophy.
Rottenburg an der Laaber
Rottenburg an der Laaber (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔtn̩bʊʁk ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈlaːbɐ] ⓘ, lit. 'Rottenburg on the Laaber') is a town  in the district of Landshut, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Große Laber, 21 km northwest of Landshut.

Landshut (district)
Landshut is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Kelheim, Straubing-Bogen, Dingolfing-Landau, Rottal-Inn, Mühldorf, Erding and Freising. The city of Landshut is enclosed by, but does not belong to the district. It is nonetheless its administrative seat.
Civil Justice Council
The Civil Justice Council is a UK non-departmental public body that advises the Lord Chancellor on civil justice and civil procedure in England and Wales. It was established in 1998 under section 6 of the Civil Procedure Act 1997 and is sponsored by the Ministry of Justice. It is chaired by the Master of the Rolls.

Civil procedure
Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and regulations along with some standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what kind of service of process (if any) is required; the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases; the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure; the conduct of trials; the process for judgment; the process for post-trial procedures; various available remedies; and how the courts and clerks must function.
2018 D.C. United season
The 2018 D.C. United season was D.C. United's 23rd season of existence, and their 23rd in Major League Soccer, the top flight of American soccer.

The 2018 season was the club's first season playing at Audi Field following a 22-year tenure at RFK Memorial Stadium. Prior to the midseason opening of Audi Field, United played four home matches at alternative venues: three at the Maryland SoccerPlex in Germantown, Maryland (one league match and two cup matches), and one league match at the Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium.

Audi Field
Audi Field is a soccer-specific stadium in the Buzzard Point neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It is the home of D.C. United, DC Power FC, and Washington Spirit soccer teams, and the DC Defenders football team. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000. Previously, D.C. United had explored sites in the Washington metropolitan area. Following the failure of an initial stadium proposal in 2006, D.C. United made two additional stadium proposals that also failed to be built. In January 2011, the club explored using previously unused land at Buzzard Point to build a stadium; this was confirmed in July 2013, when Buzzard Point was announced as the stadium location. The ground-breaking ceremony occurred in February 2017, with construction completed in July 2018.
Klinga Church
Klinga Church (Norwegian: Klinga kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Klinga. It is the church for the Klinga parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1866 using plans drawn up by the architects Ernst Kulaas and Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 270 people.

Namsos Municipality
Namsosⓘ (Norwegian) or Nåavmesjenjaelmie (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Namsos. Some of the villages in the municipality include Bangsund, Klinga, Ramsvika, Skomsvoll, Spillum, Sævik, Dun, Salsnes, Nufsfjord, Lund, Namdalseid, Sjøåsen, Statland, Tøttdalen, and Sverkmoen.

The 2,132-square-kilometre (823 sq mi) municipality is the 30th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Namsos Municipality is the 82nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 15,083. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The town of Namsos has a swimming pool, Oasen, built inside a mountain.
Hallgeir Pedersen
Hallgeir Pedersen (born 24 May 1973) is a Norwegian jazz guitarist, well known for his Thorgeir Stubø, Wes Montgomery and Coltrane inspired bop guitar performances and recordings like West Coast Blues (2002) with his own trio.

Ole Morten Vågan
Ole Morten Vågan (born 8 May 1979) is a Norwegian jazz musician and composer (upright bass), and the older brother of guitarist Petter Vågan. He is known from several recordings and is currently acting as artistic director for the Trondheim Jazz Orchestra. Vågan is also known from cooperating with some of the most influential musicians and composers internationally and has released eight albums as a leader, recently with the TJO (Happy Endlings, Odin records 2018), as well as six albums with his group Motif and one with the group The Deciders.
Tom Laurich
Tom Laurich (born 24 July 1980) is an Australian former rower – a junior world champion, a national champion, an Olympian and a medallist at World Championships. He has coached crews at the elite world class level.

World Rowing U23 Championships
World Rowing U23 Championships  is an international rowing regatta organized by the World Rowing Federation. Rowers can compete in U23 events until December 31 of the year in which they turn 22. The World Rowing U23 Championship is just under a week long and consists of a progression system to advance from heats to finals. The regatta has 22 boat classes, which includes the 8 lightweight boat classes.
Haweswater Beck
Haweswater Beck flows through Cumbria in England. It arises as a stream discharge from Haweswater Reservoir, at Gill Dubs, just east of the dam, and flows eastward, just north of Firth Woods, and then turns north to join the River Lowther between Bampton and Bampton Grange.

Below Burnbanks near the Haweswater Dam it is crossed by Naddle Old Bridge (a disused Grade II listed 18th-century road bridge) and a little further downstream (at NY515161) by Park Bridge, a packhorse bridge. Between these bridges the stream is followed by the Coast to Coast Walk.

Haweswater Reservoir
Haweswater is a reservoir in the valley of Mardale, Cumbria in the Lake District, England. The man-made reservoir, which was created by damming the original natural lake, was completed by 1935. It raised the water level in the valley by 29 m (95 ft).

The valley was dammed by Manchester Corporation, after it had obtained permission from the UK Parliament through the passing of the Manchester Corporation Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. cxix). The local act of Parliament was for the supply of drinking water to Manchester. However, the decision caused public outcry because the farming villages of Measand and Mardale Green would be lost when Mardale was flooded.

Construction work on the dam began in 1929. Haweswater was completely flooded by 1935. The reservoir is now owned and managed by United Utilities. It supplies about 25% of North West England's water supply.
Do Kuhak, Shiraz
Do Kuhak (Persian: دوكوهك, also Romanized as Do Kūhak, Dow Kūhak, and Dūkūhak; also known as Dūdehak) is a village in Derak Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,453, in 1,115 families.

Derak Rural District
Derak Rural District (Persian: دهستان دراك) is in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Shiraz. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sadeqiyeh.
Movie Battles
Movie Battles II (MBII) is a team-based multiplayer mod for the 2003 third and first-person shooter game Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy. It is a successor of the Movie Battles mod for Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast. The primary purpose of the mod is to allow players to experience setpiece battle scenes from the Star Wars films and the Star Wars expanded universe. The gameplay is similar to that of the base game, but builds upon it with several new elements. The mod has been lauded for providing one of the best lightsaber combat experiences out of any Star Wars game.

In Movie Battles II, two teams of up to 16 players compete either to complete certain objectives, or to eliminate all members of the enemy team. Several different game modes are available, most of which feature customisable character classes.

Droid (Star Wars)
In the Star Wars space opera franchise, a droid is a fictional robot possessing some degree of artificial intelligence. The term is a  clipped form of "android", a word originally reserved for robots designed to look and act like a human. The word "android" itself stems from the New Latin word "androīdēs", meaning "manlike", itself from the Ancient Greek ἀνδρος (andrós) (genitive of ἀνήρ (anḗr), "man (adult male)" or "human being") + -ειδής (-eidḗs), itself from εἶδος (eîdos, "form, image, shape, appearance, look").

Writer and director George Lucas first used the term "droid" in the second draft script of Star Wars, completed 28 January 1975. However, the word does have a precedent: science fiction writer Mari Wolf used the word in her story "Robots of the World! Arise!" in 1952. It is not known if Lucas knew of this reference when he wrote Star Wars, or if he came up with the term independently.

The word "droid" has been a registered trademark of Lucasfilm Ltd since 1977.
Madison Place
Madison Place is a one-block street located in northwest Washington, D.C., across from the White House. It forms the eastern border of Lafayette Square (the northernmost part of President's Park) between Pennsylvania Avenue and H Street NW. Buildings on Madison Place include the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building, the Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House, the Cutts-Madison House, and the Freedman's Bank Building. The street is part of the Lafayette Square Historic District.

H Street (Washington, D.C.)
H Street is a set of east–west streets in several of the quadrants of Washington, D.C. It is also used as an alternate name for the Near Northeast neighborhood, as H Street NW/NE is the neighborhood's main commercial strip.
21 Division (Sri Lanka)
The 21 Division is a division of the Sri Lanka Army. Established on 4 April 1988 as 2nd Division, the division is currently based in Anuradhapura in the North Central Province. The division is a part of Security Forces Headquarters – Wanni and has three brigades and seven battalions. The division is responsible for 7,100 square kilometres (2,741 sq mi) of territory.

Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment
The Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Sri Lankan Army. Formed on 22 March 1988, it is named after Vijayabahu I of Polonnaruwa (King Vijayabahu, 1055 to 1110 AD). The regiment consists of 17 regular battalions, 9 volunteer battalions and a headquarters battalion. Since 1993, its Regimental Centre is located at the Boyagane Camp, Kurunegala.