hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balcanica
Balcanica is an annual peer-reviewed journal of the interdisciplinary Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Balcanica covers a wide range of topics from prehistory and archaeology, cultural studies, art history, literature and anthropology to modern and contemporary history focusing on the Balkans from prehistoric times to modern age. In order to reach a broader scholarly audience, since 2006 (nº XXXVI), Balcanica has been published in English and French. The current editor-in-chief is Vojislav G. Pavlović.

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Друштво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić, Leopold Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Glenn T. Seaborg, Mikhail Sholokhov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Peter Handke as well as, Josif Pančić, Jovan Cvijić, Branislav Petronijević, Vlaho Bukovac, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milanković, Mihailo Petrović-Alas, Mehmed Meša Selimović, Danilo Kiš, Paja Jovanović, Dmitri Mendeleev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Jacob Grimm, Antonín Dvořák, Henry Moore and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.
New Jersey's 2nd congressional district
New Jersey's 2nd congressional district, based in Southern New Jersey, is represented by Republican  Jeff Van Drew. He was first elected as a Democrat in 2018, but announced on December 19, 2019, that he would be switching parties. The district, which is New Jersey's largest geographically, is a Republican-leaning seat that has shifted to the right since the mid 1990s.

New Jersey's at-large congressional district
Beginning from its inception into statehood, New Jersey elected its representatives at-large instead of from individual districts.  This continued for most years until 1843, with the exception of the years 1799-1801, and 1813-1815 when they were elected in districts.  After 1843, New Jersey returned to district representation. Four at-large representatives were elected in 1789 until 1793 when a 5th representative was added. 6 seats were allocated beginning in 1803, continuing until at-large representation ceased in 1843.
Title 21 CFR Part 11
Title 21 CFR Part 11 is the part of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations that establishes the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations on electronic records and electronic signatures (ERES). Part 11, as it is commonly called, defines the criteria under which electronic records and electronic signatures are considered trustworthy, reliable, and equivalent to paper records (Title 21 CFR Part 11 Section 11.1 (a)).

Code of Federal Regulations
In the law of the United States, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent regulations promulgated by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government of the United States. The CFR is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to federal regulation.

The CFR annual edition is published as a special issue of the Federal Register by the Office of the Federal Register (part of the National Archives and Records Administration) and the Government Publishing Office. In addition to this annual edition, the CFR is published online on the Electronic CFR (eCFR) website, which is updated daily.
Catherine of Chernigov
Catherine, Kateryna or Ekaterina of Chernigov (died 12 April 1166) was princess consort of Chernigov (modern Chernihiv) as the wife of Sviatoslav Olgovich (r. 1154–1164), and princess regnant of Chernigov for a few days after his death (r. 1164–1164).

Prince of Chernigov
The Prince of Chernigov (Ukrainian: Князь Чернігівський, romanized: Kniaz Chernihivskyi) was the kniaz, the ruler or sub-ruler, of the Rus' Principality of Chernigov, a lordship which lasted four centuries straddling what are now parts of Ukraine, Belarus and the Russian Federation.
Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (Argentina)
The Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (Spanish: Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; MAyDS) of Argentina was a ministry of the national executive power that oversaw the government's policy on environmental issues and promotes sustainable development.

It was formed in 2015, having previously existed as a Secretariat under different parent agencies.

The ministry was dissolved on December 10, 2023 following a presidential decree from President Javier Milei.

Ministries of the Argentine Republic
The ministries of Argentina, which form the cabinet, currently consist of eight ministries under a ministerial chief of staff. The ministers are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the president. The current organization derives from the constitutional revision of 1994.
Four Decades of Song
Four Decades of Song is a three-CD compilation from Shirley Bassey issued in 1996. This set features 54 songs recorded between 1959 and 1993.  In 2008 EMI repackaged and retitled this boxset as Shirley Bassey The Collection; the new version had six extra tracks.

With the exception of "Secret Love" (track 13 on disc 3), all of these tracks were previously issued. This track was recorded in the mid-1960s but remained unreleased until 1996, and appears exclusively on this collection.

Alan and Marilyn Bergman
Alan Bergman (September 11, 1925 – July 17, 2025) and Marilyn Keith Bergman (née Katz; November 10, 1928 – January 8, 2022) were an American songwriting duo. Married from 1958 until Marilyn's death, together they wrote music and lyrics for numerous celebrated television, film, and stage productions. The Bergmans enjoyed a successful career, honored with four Emmys, three Oscars, and two Grammys (including Song of the Year). They are in the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Gemma Bonner
Gemma Bonner (born 13 July 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Women's Super League club Liverpool, and has represented the England national team. Bonner began her career with her hometown club Leeds United, before spending two seasons with Chelsea. In November 2012, Bonner signed for Liverpool and captained them to two FA WSL titles in 2013 and 2014, before leaving for Manchester City in 2018. She left England to join NWSL club Racing Louisville in 2021, before rejoining Liverpool in the 2022–23 season where she is now the club's record appearance holder.

An England international, Bonner made her senior debut in September 2013. She was part of England's squad for the UEFA Women's Euro 2013 but did not play in the final tournament.

2009 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship 2009 Final Tournament was held in Belarus from 13 to 25 July 2009. Players born on or after 1 January 1990 were eligible to participate in this competition. The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Germany.
Niederbrombach
Niederbrombach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.

County of Sponheim
The County of Sponheim (German: Grafschaft Sponheim, former spelling: Spanheim, Spanheym) was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire that lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century. The name comes from the municipality of Sponheim, where the counts had their original residence.
Ben Abdulai Yakubu-Tali
Ben Abdulai Yakubu is a Ghanaian politician and member of the first parliament of the second republic of Ghana representing Tolon constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana under the membership of the Progress Party (PP).

1969 Ghanaian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ghana on 29 August 1969, the first since the 1966 coup by the National Liberation Council which toppled the Nkrumah government.

Voters elected the new 140-seat Parliament. Kofi Abrefa Busia, the leader of the Progress Party (which won 105 of the 140 seats) became Prime Minister. There were no presidential elections, as the system adopted was a parliamentary republic. Instead, a ceremonial president, Edward Akufo-Addo, was elected by an electoral college.
Bønnerup Strand
Bønnerup Strand (lit.: Bønnerup Beach) is a village in Norddjurs Municipality, Denmark.

Bønnerup Strand is a fishing village, sprawling inland from the harbour. It is situated at the large shallow Bay of Aalborg in the Kattegat sea. The beach and coast east and west of Bønnerup Strand is broad, sandy, very shallow and considered child friendly. It attracts people and tourists for recreational activities in the summer. The surrounding area (simply called Bønnerup) has a large concentration of summer houses and rentals, with many situated in the hills overlooking the beach.

Norddjurs Municipality
Norddjurs Municipality (Danish: Norddjurs Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland in Denmark. It covers an area of 721.2 km2 and has a population of 36,658 (1 January 2025).

On 1 January 2007 Norddjurs municipality was created as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), consisting of the former municipalities of Grenå, Nørre Djurs and Rougsø, along with the eastern part of Sønderhald municipality. It includes the island of Anholt in its extreme northeast.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.
Critical mass
In nuclear engineering, critical mass is the minimum mass of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. The critical mass of a fissionable material depends upon its nuclear properties (specifically, its nuclear fission cross-section), density, shape, enrichment, purity, temperature, and surroundings. It is an important parameter of a nuclear reactor core or nuclear weapon. The concept is important in nuclear weapon design.

Critical size is the minimum size of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. If the size of the reactor core is less than a certain minimum, too many fission neutrons escape through its surface and the chain reaction is not sustained. A perfect sphere, which has the lowest surface-area-to-volume ratio, gives the minimal critical size.

Nuclear reactor core
A nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place and the heat is generated.  Typically, the fuel will be low-enriched uranium contained in thousands of individual fuel pins.  The core also contains structural components, the means to both moderate the neutrons and control the reaction, and the means to transfer the heat from the fuel to where it is required, outside the core.
Bovid hybrid
A bovid hybrid is the hybrid offspring of members of two different species of the bovid family. There are 143 extant species of bovid, and the widespread domestication of several species has led to an interest in hybridisation for the purpose of encouraging traits useful to humans, and to preserve declining populations. Bovid hybrids may occur naturally through undirected interbreeding, traditional pastoral practices, or may be the result of modern interventions, sometimes bringing together species from different parts of the world.

Zebu
The zebu (/ˈziːb(j)uː, ˈzeɪbuː/; Bos indicus), also known as indicine cattle and humped cattle, is a species or subspecies of domestic cattle originating in South Asia. Zebu, like many Sanga cattle breeds, differ from taurine cattle in the fatty hump on their shoulders, their large dewlap, and their sometimes-drooping ears. They are well adapted to high temperatures and are raised throughout the tropics.

The zebu is used as a draught and riding animal, as dairy cattle and beef cattle, and as a source of byproducts such as hides and dung for fuel and manure. Some small breeds such as Nadudana (also known as the miniature zebu) are also kept as pets.

In some regions, zebu have significant religious meaning.
Al-Fayruziyah
al-Fayruziyah (Arabic: الفيرزية) is a small village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located on the Queiq Plain, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of Azaz, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 8 km (5.0 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Nayarah 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west, and Yahmul 2 km (1.2 mi) to the south. In the 2004 census, al-Fayruziyah had a population of 88.

Yahmul
Yahmul (Arabic: يحمول) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located halfway between Azaz and Sawran on the Queiq Plain, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 9 km (5.6 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis. Traveler Martin Hartmann noted the village as a Turkish village in late 19th century.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Nayarah 3.5 km (2.2 mi) to the northwest, and Jarez 2 km (1.2 mi) to the southeast. In the 2004 census, Yahmul had a population of 612.
Pinantan Lake
Pinantan Lake is an unincorporated community, encircling the larger lake of the same name, in the Thompson region of south central British Columbia. The locality is by road about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Pritchard and 31 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Kamloops.

Thompson Country
Thompson Country, also referred to as The Thompson and sometimes as the Thompson Valley and historically known as the Couteau Country or Couteau District, is a historic geographic region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, more or less defined by the basin of the Thompson River. This is a tributary of the Fraser; the major city in the area is Kamloops.
Kingston Russell
Kingston Russell is a settlement in the civil parish of Long Bredy and Kingston Russell, in the Dorset district, in the county of Dorset, England, 7 miles (11 km) west of Dorchester. In 2001 the parish had a population of 35. The parish bordered Compton Valence, Littlebredy, Long Bredy and Winterbourne Abbas. Kingston Russell shared a parish council with Long Bredy. On 1 April 2024 the parish was abolished and merged with Long Bredy to form "Long Bredy and Kingston Russell". From 1974 to 2019 it was in West Dorset district.

Littlebredy
Littlebredy (also written Little Bredy, pronounced /ˈlɪtəlbrɪdi/) is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, situated approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) west of the county town Dorchester. It is sited at the head of the valley of the small River Bride, surrounded by wooded chalk hills of the Dorset Downs. The parish contains the Valley of Stones National Nature Reserve and is in an area rich with evidence of early human occupation. In the 2011 census it had a population of 121.
Difference polynomials
In mathematics, in the area of complex analysis, the general difference polynomials are a polynomial sequence, a certain subclass of the Sheffer polynomials, which include the Newton polynomials, Selberg's polynomials, and the Stirling interpolation polynomials as special cases.

Polynomial sequence
In mathematics, a polynomial sequence is a sequence of polynomials indexed by the nonnegative integers 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., in which each index is equal to the degree of the corresponding polynomial.  Polynomial sequences are a topic of interest in enumerative combinatorics and algebraic combinatorics, as well as applied mathematics.
Kikai Caldera
Kikai Caldera (鬼界カルデラ, Kikai karudera) (alternatively Kikaiga-shima, Kikai Caldera Complex) is a massive, mostly submerged caldera up to 19 kilometres (12 mi) in diameter in the Ōsumi Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

Volcanic explosivity index
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982.

Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest eruptions in history given a magnitude of 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a supervolcanic eruption that can eject 1.0×1012 m3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (66,000 ft). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI-0, VEI-1 and VEI-2.
Tabula rasa
Tabula rasa (/ˈtæb.(j)ə.lə ˈrɑː.sə, -.zə, ˈreɪ.-/; Latin for "blank slate") is the idea of individuals being born empty of any built-in mental content, so that all knowledge comes from later perceptions or sensory experiences. Proponents typically form the extreme "nurture" side of the nature versus nurture debate, arguing that humans are born without any "natural" psychological traits and that all aspects of one's personality, social and emotional behaviour, knowledge, or sapience are later imprinted by one's environment onto the mind as one would onto a wax tablet. This idea is the central view posited in the theory of knowledge known as empiricism. Empiricists disagree with the doctrines of innatism or rationalism, which hold that the mind is born already in possession of specific knowledge or rational capacity.

Mental world
The mental world or mindscape is an ontological category in metaphysics, populated by nonmaterial mental objects, without physical extension (though possibly with mental extension as in a visual field, or possibly not, as in an olfactory field) contrasted with the physical world of space and time populated with physical objects, or Plato's world of ideals populated, in part, with mathematical objects.
VP-47
Patrol Squadron 47 (VP-47), also known as "The Golden Swordsmen", is a maritime patrol squadron of the United States Navy based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington (USA), attached to Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing 10. The squadron currently flies the Boeing P-8A Poseidon.

Martin P5M Marlin
The Martin P5M Marlin (P-5 Marlin after 1962), built by the Glenn L. Martin Company of Middle River, Maryland, is a twin piston-engined flying boat that entered service in 1951, and served into the late 1960s with the United States Navy performing naval patrols. It also served with the United States Coast Guard and the French Navy, with 285 being produced.
App store optimization
App store optimization (ASO) is the process of increasing an app or game’s visibility in an app store, with the objective of increasing organic app downloads. Apps are more visible when they rank highly on a wide variety of search terms (keyword optimization), maintain a high position in the top charts, or get featured on the store. Additionally, app store optimization encompasses activities that aim to increase the conversion of app impressions into downloads (conversion rate optimization).

The two largest distribution channels for mobile apps are the App Store (iOS) and Google Play (Android). Other alternatives for downloading apps include the Huawei App Gallery, Amazon App Store and Samsung Galaxy Store.

Keyword research
Keyword research is a practice search engine optimization (SEO) professionals use to find and analyze search terms that users enter into search engines when looking for products, services, or general information. Keywords are related to search queries.
Shane O'Donnell
Shane O'Donnell (born 15 June 1994) is an Irish hurler who plays as a forward for the Clare senior team.

Born and bred in Ennis, Co Clare O'Donnell first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Clare minor team, before later lining out with the under-21 side. He made his senior debut in the 2013 Waterford Crystal Cup. O'Donnell has since gone on to play a key part for Clare, and has won two All-Ireland medals, two National Hurling League medals and one Waterford Crystal Cup medal.

At club level O'Donnell plays with Éire Óg, Ennis. He missed the 2019 National Hurling League as he was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to Harvard University in the US. He won Clare SHC Final for Eire Og on 5/10/2025.

GAA GPA All Stars Awards
The Gaelic Athletic Association–Gaelic Players' Association All Stars Awards (often known simply as the All Stars) are presented annually to the best player in each of the 15 playing positions in Gaelic football and hurling. Additionally, one person in each code is selected as Player of the Year.

The awards were instituted in 1971. Since 2011 they have been presented jointly by the Gaelic Athletic Association and the representative body for inter-county players, the Gaelic Players Association.

Each player who receives a nomination is given a medallion marking the milestone.

It is considered "the most coveted sporting award scheme in the country". Equivalent awards exist for ladies' football, rounders and camogie.
Art Whino
Art Whino is an art gallery at the National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland. Its primary objective has been to provide exposure to artists of the Lowbrow art movement, also sometimes referred to as Pop Surrealism and Newbrow, since its inception in 2007. The gallery space has exhibitions featuring talent from across the U.S. and abroad, as well as publications and specialty toy merchandise pertinent to Newbrow culture and related underground art movements. Art Whino avidly participates in the Washington, D.C. art scene, and other national art events such as Art Basel in Miami and New York Comic Con.

National Harbor, Maryland
National Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located along the Potomac River near the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and just south of Washington, D.C. It originated as a 300-acre (1.2 km2) multi-use waterfront development. The population was 5,509 at the 2020 census.

The developer, Peterson Companies, says National Harbor draws 12 million visitors annually, as of 2025.
Ladies European Thailand Championship
The Ladies European Thailand Championship is a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour and Thai LPGA Tour, first played in 2017.

Atthaya Thitikul became the youngest ever winner on the Ladies European Tour by claiming victory in the 2017 championship on 9 July 2017, aged 14 years, 4 months and 19 days, beating the previous record held by Lydia Ko who won the 2013 New Zealand Women's Open as an amateur aged 15 years, 9 months and 17 days. Due to Thitikul's amateur status the top prize of €45,000 went to second placed Ana Menéndez of Mexico.

Thai LPGA Tour
The Thai LPGA Tour is a professional golf tour for women organized by the Thailand Ladies Professional Golf Association.

Founded in 2008, the Thai LPGA Tour initially hosted 4-6 professional events per year from 2009 to 2012. In 2013, with support from the Sports Authority of Thailand and private sponsors, the tour expanded to eight events. From 2017 to 2019, the season-ending tournament, Thailand LPGA Masters, was co-sanctioned with the ALPG Tour and China LPGA Tour, and awarded Women's World Golf Rankings points.

In December 2022, the Thai LPGA Tour was officially included in the Women's World Golf Rankings. The tour has been accumulating ranking points since 2023, starting with the BGC Championship.