hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Çamlıdere, Kızıltepe
Çamlıdere (Kurdish: Gundikê Hecî Silêman, Zerîn) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 54 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Caraffa del Bianco
Caraffa del Bianco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 605 and an area of 12.3 square kilometres (4.7 sq mi).

Caraffa del Bianco borders the following municipalities: Bianco, Casignana, Ferruzzano, Sant'Agata del Bianco.

The revolutionary Rocco Verduci (1824-1847) was born at Caraffa del Bianco.

Bianco
Bianco is a comune (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, in the Italian region of Calabria. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house.
Hiwi al-Balkhi
Ḥiwi al-Balkhi (9th century) (Hebrew: חיוי אל-בלכי, also Hiwwi or Chivi) was an exegete and Biblical critic of the last quarter of the ninth century born in Balkh, Khorasan (modern Afghanistan). It is not entirely clear whether  Hiwi was a Jew, as suggested by Schechter (1901), or whether he was perhaps a member of a gnostic Christian sect (Rosenthal 1948). Some claim that he was a member of the ancient Bukharan Jewish community of Central Asia.

David Kaufmann
David Kaufmann (7 June 1852 – 6 July 1899)  (Hebrew: דוד קויפמן) was a Jewish-Austrian scholar born at Kojetín, Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). From 1861 to 1867, he attended the gymnasium at Kroměříž, Moravia, where he studied the Bible and Talmud with Jacob Brüll, rabbi of Kojetín, and with the latter's son Nehemiah.
Nuckolls County Courthouse
The Nuckolls County Courthouse is a historic two-story building in Nelson, Nebraska, and the courthouse of Nuckolls County, Nebraska. The county court proceedings were held in two other buildings prior to its construction: in a courthouse built in 1873, and in the Nelson opera house built in 1887. The third building and current courthouse was built in 1890, and designed in the Classical Revival style by architect George E. McDonald. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 10, 1990.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Nuckolls County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Nuckolls County, Nebraska.  It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 7 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.
Cyclemys
Cyclemys is a genus of freshwater turtles, commonly referred to as Asian leaf turtles, from the family Geoemydidae. The genus occurs throughout Southeast and South Asia, and currently contains seven species.

Asian leaf turtles average 25 cm (9.8 in) in length. They are mostly brown to greenish in color, with round to rectangular shells. Their carapaces bear a superficial resemblance to plant leaves, hence their common name. They can be found around shallow, slow-moving bodies of water in hilly forests. Adults are primarily terrestrial, though juveniles are more aquatic.

Asian box turtle
Asian box turtles are turtles of the genus Cuora in the family Geoemydidae. About 12 extant species are recognized. The keeled box turtle (Pyxidea mouhotii syn. Cuora mouhotii) is often included in this genus, or separated in the monotypic genus Pyxidea. Genus Cuora is distributed from China to Indonesia and the Philippines, throughout mainland Southeast Asia, and into northern India and Bhutan.
Timeline of Christianity
The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed historical account of the real historical events of Christianity from the beginning of the current era  (CE / AD) to the present. A.D. is the abbreviation of the Latin term "anno Domini" which translates to "the year of our Lord".  Among English speakers, A.D. was used with the words spelled out in Latin or in English on official documents and private letters before the 21st century. Question marks ('?') below on dates indicate approximate dates.  Christian events include miracles and fulfilled Hebrew prophecies.

The year one is the first year in the Christian calendar (there is no year zero), which is the calendar presently used (in unison with the Gregorian calendar) almost everywhere in the world. Traditionally, this was held to be the year Jesus was born; however, most modern scholars argue for an earlier or later date, the most agreed upon being between 6 BC and 4 BC.

Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy
The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy is a written statement of belief formulated by more than 200 evangelical leaders at a conference convened by the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy and held in Chicago in October 1978. The statement was designed to defend the position of biblical inerrancy against a trend toward liberal conceptions of Scripture.

The subsequent November 1982 Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics recognised the need to add a hermeneutical framework to the statement.

Finally the December 1986 conference adopted the Chicago Statement on Biblical Application.
Emporium Melbourne
Emporium Melbourne (or simply Emporium) is a luxury shopping centre on the corner of Lonsdale and  Swanston streets in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Occupying the former Lonsdale Street site of Myer's Melbourne store, Emporium opened in 2014 following extensive redevelopment. The centre includes a food court, specialty stores and several multi-level anchor retailers. Emporium forms part of a 188,000 square metres (2,020,000 sq ft) precinct of linked shopping centres in the Melbourne central business district, which also includes the Myer and David Jones city stores, Melbourne Central, General Post Office and Elizabeth Street's The Strand.

General Post Office, Melbourne
The General Post Office, situated on the corner of Elizabeth and Bourke streets in Melbourne, is the former General Post Office for Victoria, Australia.

Still owned by the Federal Government, the building appears on all major heritage lists: the National Trust of Victoria (Australia), the Commonwealth Heritage List, and the state of Victoria where it is noted for its fine and impressive architecture and historical significance. The location of the post office is still used as a point of reference for the measure of distances from the centre of Melbourne.
Lekbeshi
Lekbeshi (Nepali: लेकबेशी) is an urban municipality located in Surkhet District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 180.92 square kilometres (69.85 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality as of 2011 Nepal census is 30,295 individuals. The municipality is divided into total 10 wards.

The municipality was established on 10 March 2017, when Government of Nepal restricted all old administrative structure and announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.

Lekhfarsa, Dasarathpur, Neta, Kalyan and Satokhani Village development committees were Incorporated to form this new municipality. The headquarters of the municipality is situated at Kalyan

Lekhpharsa
Lekhpharsa (लेखफर्सा)  is a village development committee in Surkhet District in the Bheri Zone of mid-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4809 people living in 805 individual households.
Trade bloc
A trade bloc  is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the USMCA) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union). Depending on the level of economic integration, trade blocs can be classified as preferential trading areas, free-trade areas, customs unions, common markets, or economic and monetary unions.

Currency union
A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more states sharing the same currency. These states may not necessarily have any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market).

There are three types of currency unions:

Informal – unilateral adoption of a foreign currency.

Formal – adoption of foreign currency by virtue of bilateral or multilateral agreement with the monetary authority, sometimes supplemented by issue of local currency in currency peg regime.

Formal with common policy – establishment by multiple countries of a common monetary policy and monetary authority for their common currency.

The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency.
Jalarnavam
Jalarnavam (pronounced jalārṇavam, meaning the ocean) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 38th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.

It is called Jaganmōhanam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Melakarta
Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Mēḷakartā ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter usage is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta (take the raga Bhairavi, for example).

In Hindustani music the thaat is the rough equivalent of Melakartā. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
Reiner Grundmann
Reiner Grundmann (born 29 September 1955 near Freudenstadt), is Professor of Science and Technology Studies (STS) at the University of Nottingham and Director of its interdisciplinary STS Research Priority Group. He is a German sociologist and political scientist who has resided in the UK since 1997. Previous appointments include Aston University and the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.

WZB Berlin Social Science Center
The WZB Berlin Social Science Center (German: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, WZB), also known by its German initials WZB, is an internationally renowned research institute for the social sciences, the largest such institution in Europe not affiliated with a university.

It was founded in 1969 through an all-party initiative of the German Bundestag. Around 140 German and foreign sociologists, political scientists, economists, historians, statisticians, computer scientists and legal scholars work in the WZB conducting basic research on selected social and political issues, concentrating on the industrialized societies of Japan and the West, as well as the transformations of Central and Eastern Europe and China. The question of globalization is of particular importance.
Devin Setoguchi
Devin Setoguchi (born January 1, 1987) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. Setoguchi is half-Yonsei (fourth-generation) Japanese Canadian and a Sports California/Sharks Playoff live TV analyst. He is known by the nickname The Gooch. He was drafted by the San Jose Sharks in the first round, eighth overall, in the 2005 NHL entry draft and has also played with the Minnesota Wild, Winnipeg Jets, and Calgary Flames. In September 2015, he failed to catch on with the Toronto Maple Leafs after being initially signed to a professional tryout (PTO) contract during training camp. He eventually signed with HC Davos of the Swiss National League A where he spent the 2015–16 season. In September 2016, he made the Los Angeles Kings out of training camp and signed a one-year, two-way contract for the 2016–17 season.

2015–16 NLA season
The 2015–16 National League A season was the ninth ice hockey season of Switzerland's top hockey league, the National League A. Overall, it was the 78th season of Swiss professional hockey.

SC Bern went on to win the championship by defeating HC Lugano. This title is the team's 14th in its history at the top division of Switzerland's ice hockey championship.
Gmina Władysławowo
Gmina Władysławowo is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the city of Władysławowo.

The gmina covers an area of 39.22 square kilometres (15.1 sq mi), and as of 2013 its total population was around 15,400.

In years 1973-2014, gmina constituted an urban gmina. This changed on January 1, 2015, when it became an urban-rural gmina.

Puck County
Puck County (Polish: powiat pucki, Kashubian: pùcczi pòwiat) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. The powiat of this name existed  in the history of Poland, since the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth up to 1795, and then reintroduced in 1999.
Heteractinida
Heteractinida is an extinct grade of Paleozoic (Cambrian–Permian) sponges, sometimes used as a class or order. They are most commonly considered paraphyletic with respect to Calcarea (calcareous sponges), though some studies instead argue that they are paraphyletic relative to Hexactinellida (glass sponges). Heteractinids can be distinguished by their six-pronged (snowflake-shaped) spicules, whose symmetry historically suggested a relationship with the triradial calcarean sponges.

The sponge-like Cambrian Hetairacyathidae may be related to heteractinids, though most instead consider hetairacyathids to be closer to archaeocyaths. An example of a species in the Heteractinida class is the Gondekia lancifer; the Gondekia lancifer specimen is only the second articulated specimen known and is more complete than the holotype. It has an intact skeleton of felted sexiradiates of three orders of spicules.

Hexactinellid
Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera, but some researchers consider them sufficiently distinct to deserve their own phylum, Symplasma. Some experts believe that glass sponges are the longest-lived animals on earth; these scientists tentatively estimate a maximum age of up to 15,000 years.
2011 Shanghai International Film Festival
The 2011 Shanghai International Film Festival was the 14th such festival devoted to international cinema held in Shanghai, China. It took place from June 11 to June 19, 2011.  The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Shanghai Grand Theater.

Shanghai International Film Festival
The Shanghai International Film Festival (SIFF, Chinese: 上海国际电影节, French: Festival international du film de Shanghai) is the largest film festival in Asia and China's longest-running international cinema event. The first festival was established in October 1993. It is the only Chinese festival accredited by the FIAPF.

The festival is held over a ten-day period every June. SIFF is organized by China Film Administration, China Media Group, and the Shanghai government. It awards several "Golden Goblet" Awards (Chinese: 金爵; pinyin: Jīn Jué) for best film, best director, best actor/actress, and other categories, as well as a "Special Jury Award".  SIFF Mart consists of the Film Market, China Film Pitch and Catch (CFPC), and Co-production Film Pitch and Catch (Co-FPC). The SIFFORUM is a communication platform.
Tsuu T'ina 145
Tsuu T'ina Nation 145 (Tsuut'ina: Tsúùtʾínà, lit. 'a great number of people', 'many people'; or 'beaver people') is an Indian reserve of the Tsuut'ina Nation in southern Alberta, Canada, created by Treaty 7.

The reserve is located in the Calgary Region, bordering the City of Calgary to the northeast, east and southeast, the Municipal District of Foothills No. 31 to the south and Rocky View County to the west and north. It is bound by Tsuut'ina Trail to the east, 146 Avenue SW to the south and Highway 22 and Wintergreen Road (Range Road 52) to the west, while Highway 8 is generally within 0.8 km (0.5 mi) of the reserve's northern boundary. The Hamlet of Bragg Creek is adjacent to the southwest corner of the reserve within Rocky View County across Highway 8.

Bragg Creek
Bragg Creek is a hamlet in southern Alberta under the jurisdiction of Rocky View County in Division No. 6.

Bragg Creek is located 30 km (19 mi) west of Calgary (via Highway 8 and Highway 22) at the confluence of the Elbow River and Bragg Creek north of the intersection of Highway 66 and Highway 22.

Situated in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, this charming hamlet is steeped in tradition and history. Just a 30-minute drive from Calgary, close to the junctions of Highways 8 and 22, it’s a community of outdoor enthusiasts, artists, ranchers, and local businesses. This eclectic mix of residents coexist in harmony with nature and are proud to call Bragg Creek home.
It has been the location of several movies and TV series.
The Analyst
The Analyst: A Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician: Wherein It Is Examined Whether the Object, Principles, and Inferences of the Modern Analysis Are More Distinctly Conceived, or More Evidently Deduced, Than Religious Mysteries and Points of Faith, is a book by George Berkeley.  It was first published  in 1734, first by J. Tonson (London), then by  S. Fuller (Dublin). The "infidel mathematician" is believed to have been Edmond Halley, though others have speculated that Isaac Newton was intended.

The book contains a direct attack on the foundations of calculus, specifically on Isaac Newton's notion of fluxions and on Leibniz's notion of infinitesimal change.

Judith Grabiner
Judith Victor Grabiner (born October 12, 1938) is an American mathematician and historian of mathematics, who is Flora Sanborn Pitzer Professor Emerita of Mathematics at Pitzer College, one of the Claremont Colleges. Her main interest is in mathematics in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Ladislaus Baksa
Ladislaus from the kindred Baksa (Hungarian: Baksa nembeli László; died 1329 or 1330) was a Hungarian lord and soldier at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who possessed landholdings in Zemplén County. Therefore, he had an important, although dubious role in the unification war of Charles I of Hungary against the oligarchic domains in Northeast Hungary. It is possible, he also served as (titular) ispán of Zemplén County from 1308 to 1321. Posthumously he was also known as Ladislaus Sztritei (Hungarian: Sztritei László) due to the family name of his descendants.

Ung County
Ung County (in Latin: comitatus Unghvariensis; Hungarian: Ung (vár)megye; also in Slovak: Užský komitát/ Užská župa / Užská stolica; Romanian: Comitatul Ung) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now mostly in western Ukraine, a smaller part in eastern Slovakia, and a very small area in Hungary.
Agardhaksla
Agardhaksla is a peak in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is a part of the mountain Agardhfjellet at the western side of Storfjorden, east of Myklegardfjellet. The peak is named after botanist Jacob Georg Agardh.

Myklegardfjellet
Myklegardfjellet is a mountain in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located at the northeastern side of Agardhbukta. The mountain is named after Miklagarðr, the Old Norse name of Constantinople. To the east is Agardhfjellet, separated from Myklegardfjellet by the valley of Morenedalen.
Edward Tolfrey
Edward Tolfrey (c. 1784 – 9 August 1821) was the eighth Civil Auditor General of British Ceylon.

Born in England, he was a cousin of William Tolfrey, also a civil servant in Ceylon.

He went out to Ceylon in 1801 and filled a number of civic appointments before going home to England on leave in 1812. On his return in 1813 he became Deputy Controller-General of Customs (1813) and Commissioner of Stamps (1814) before being made Controller-General of Customs and Commissioner of Stamps (1816).

He was appointed Civil Auditor General in 1816, succeeding John D'Oyly, and held the office until 1817, when he was succeeded by John William Carrington.

In January, 1820 he was appointed Judicial Commissioner of Kandy.

He died in Kandy, Ceylon in 1821 and was buried there. He had married Mary Anne; they had at least one son and one daughter.

William Tolfrey
William Tolfrey (1778 – 4 January 1817, in Colombo) was a British civil servant in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and translator of the Bible into Sinhalese. The BFBS revised his translation from 1895 to 1910.
Buxa Tiger Reserve
Buxa Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve and national park in northern West Bengal, India, covering an area of 760 km2 (290 sq mi). It ranges in elevation from 60 m (200 ft) in the Gangetic Plains to 1,750 m (5,740 ft) bordering the Himalayas in the north. At least 284 bird species inhabit the reserve. Mammals present include Asian elephant, gaur, Sambar deer, clouded leopard, Indian leopard, and Asian golden cat. The Bengal tiger is also present but rarely seen; as of 2005, Buxa Tiger Reserve had only one resident tiger.

Project Tiger
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation movement initiated in India to protect the endangered tiger. The project was initiated in 1973 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of the Government of India. As of March 2025, there are 58 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves under the project. As of 2022, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.
Come to Life (Cities Aviv album)
Come to Life is the debut studio album by American hip hop musician Cities Aviv, released through Young One Records on January 28, 2014. Cities Aviv produced eight of the album's fifteen tracks himself, with the remaining tracks produced by Rpld Ghsts, Blackie, and Alexander Odell. The album features guest appearances from Abdu Ali and Bizzarh.

The album was supported by two singles: "URL IRL", released on September 26, 2013, and "Don't Ever Look Back", released on January 14, 2014. Both tracks were supported by accompanying music videos, with the video for "URL IRL" released on December 9, 2013, and the video for "Don't Ever Look Back" released on the same day as the single.

Come to Life received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its production style, Cities Aviv's vocals, and the album's themes.

The Fader
The Fader (stylised as The FADER) is a magazine established in 1999 as an outlet for Cornerstone Agency, a marketing and public relations firm established by Rob Stone and Jon Cohen. The magazine covers music, style and culture.