hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greater Galesburg, Michigan
Greater Galesburg was a census-designated place (CDP) in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan, surrounding the city of Galesburg.  As a CDP, it was used for statistical purposes and does not have any legal status as a municipality. The population was 1,631 at the 2000 census. The CDP was deleted and not reported in the 2010 census.

The CDP area included land in Comstock Charter Township on the west and Charleston Township on the east. The area was closely identified with the city of Galesburg, but was outside of the city's municipal boundaries.

Galesburg, Michigan
Galesburg is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,049 at the 2020 census.

Galesburg is located along the north side of the Kalamazoo River. The city is situated on M-96 and is just north of I-94 (with exits due south of the city's west side and about one mile (1.6 km) to the east). Kalamazoo is about ten miles (16 km) to the west and Battle Creek is about ten miles (16 km) to the east.
The Sovereign
The Sovereign (or Sovereign Apartments) is a residential skyscraper in the East Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, near the border with the Upper East Side. It is located at 425 East 58th Street east of First Avenue. The skyscraper was designed by Emery Roth & Sons in the International Style architectural style. It was built in 1973, and is 450 feet (140 m) tall, with 48 flights of stairs.

First Avenue (Manhattan)
First Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from Houston Street northbound to 127th Street. At 125th Street, most traffic continues onto the Willis Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River, which continues into the Bronx. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Allen Street south to Division Street. Traffic on First Avenue runs northbound (uptown) only.
Lancia Appia
The Lancia Appia is a passenger car introduced in 1953 by Italian car manufacturer Lancia as a replacement for the Ardea, and which remained in production for ten years.
The Appia was the last in a long line of Lancia production cars dating back to the Lancia Lambda (introduced in 1922) to use sliding pillar front suspension. All three series produced had a 1089cc Lancia V4 engine.

In addition to the saloon, a number of special bodied Appias were produced, including a coupé by Pinin Farina, a convertible and 2-door saloon by Vignale and an aluminium-bodied GT by Zagato, as well as light commercial vehicle variants.
In total 107,000 Appia were built: 98,000 saloons, 3,863 commercial vehicles, and 5,161 chassis supplied to coachbuilders.

Vehicle frame
A vehicle frame, also historically known as its chassis, is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.

Until the 1930s, virtually every car had a structural frame separate from its body, known as body-on-frame construction. Both mass production of completed vehicles by a manufacturer using this method, epitomized by the Ford Model T, and supply of rolling chassis to coachbuilders for both mass production (as by Fisher Body in the United States) and to smaller firms (such as Hooper) for bespoke bodies and interiors was practiced.

By the 1960s, unibody construction in passenger cars had become common, and the trend towards building unibody passenger cars continued over the ensuing decades.

Nearly all trucks and buses, and most pickups continue to use a separate frame as their chassis.
Nittel
Nittel (German pronunciation: [ˈnɪtl̩]; Luxembourgish: Nëttel [ˈnətəl] ⓘ), on the Upper Moselle, is an Ortsgemeinde ("village municipality") in the Landkreis [county] of Trier-Saarburg in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde [United Municipalities] of Konz.  The place, located between dolomite and limestone cliffs, is a nationally recognized resort.

Trier-Saarburg
Trier-Saarburg (German pronunciation: [ˌtʁiːɐ̯ˈzaːɐ̯bʊʁk]; Luxembourgish: Landkrees Tréier-Saarburg [ˈlɑntkʀeːs ˌtʀɜɪ̯ɐˈzaːʁbuχɕ]) is a district in the west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north and clockwise) Bitburg-Prüm, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Birkenfeld, Sankt Wendel (Saarland), and Merzig-Wadern (Saarland). To the west it borders Luxembourg. The district-free city Trier is surrounded by the district.
Bratków Górny
Bratków Górny [ˈbratkuf ˈɡurnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Zadzim, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zadzim
Zadzim [ˈzad͡ʑim] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zadzim. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
2017 Women's European Volleyball League
The 2017 Women's European Volleyball League was the ninth edition of the annual Women's European Volleyball League, which features women's national volleyball teams from twelve European countries.

In their first appearance in the competition, Ukraine won the title after defeating Finland in the final.

Women's European Volleyball League
The Women's European Volleyball League is a continental volleyball competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). Created in 2009, the competition served as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB World Grand Prix (until 2016) and its successor the FIVB Challenger Cup since 2018.

This event should not be confused with the other, more prestigious, continental competition for European national volleyball teams, the European Volleyball Championship.
History of the Detroit Lions
The history of the Detroit Lions, a professional American football franchise based in Detroit, dates back to 1928 when they played in Portsmouth, Ohio as the Spartans. They joined the National Football League (NFL) in 1930 before they were bought by George A. Richards, a radio executive, and moved to Detroit and changed their name to the Lions in 1934 and won their first NFL Championship the following season. The Lions had their most success in the 1950s, winning the NFL Championship three times, in 1952, 1953, and 1957, and made several playoff appearances in the 1990s. In 2025, they played their 96th season, continuing to be one of the NFL's oldest franchises.

Bobby Layne
Robert Lawrence Layne (December 19, 1926 – December 1, 1986) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback for 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns before being selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the third overall pick of the 1948 NFL draft and traded to the Chicago Bears. Layne played one season with the Bears, and then with the New York Bulldogs in 1949, the Detroit Lions from 1950 to 1958, and the Steelers from 1958 to 1962.

Layne was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1968. His number 22 is retired by the Texas Longhorns and the Lions.
Edward Pellew, 4th Viscount Exmouth
Edward Fleetwood John Pellew, 4th Viscount Exmouth DL JP (24 June 1861 – 31 October 1899), was a British peer who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth from his uncle and held the title for 23 years.  He was the great-grandson of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.

Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval career.
Copyright and Information Society Directive 2001
The Copyright and Information Society Directive 2001 (2001/29) is a directive in European Union law that was enacted to implement the WIPO Copyright Treaty and to harmonise aspects of copyright law across Europe, such as copyright exceptions. The directive was first enacted in 2001 under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome.

The draft directive was subject to unprecedented lobbying and was considered a success for Europe's rightsholders. The 2001 directive gave EU Member States significant freedom in certain aspects of transposition. Member States had until 22 December 2002 to transpose the directive into their national laws, although only Greece and Denmark met the deadline.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
1989 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1989 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 30th conference playoff in league history and 37th season where a WCHA champion was crowned. The tournament was played between February 24 and March 6, 1989. First round games were played at home team campus sites while all 'Final Four' matches were held at the Civic Center in St. Paul, Minnesota. By winning the tournament, Northern Michigan was awarded the Broadmoor Trophy and received the WCHA's automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The WCHA Men's Tournament was the conference tournament for the men's division of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey conference that originally operated from 1951 to 2021. The tournament was also referred to as the WCHA Final Five, the moniker for the tournament's closing rounds. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament.  From 1985 to 2018, the winner of the tournament received the Broadmoor Trophy, before that trophy was retired in favor of the Jeff Sauer WCHA Championship Trophy.
Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Iran competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place during the summer of 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the nation's return in 1948 after having made their debut in 1900, Iranian athletes have attended every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of 1980 and 1984 which they boycotted.

Iran at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Iranian fencer Freydoun Malkom competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, thereby making him the first Olympic athlete from Iran and the only one to compete for Qajar Iran. It would not be until Pahlavi Iran and the 1948 Summer Olympics that the nation sent a team to compete at the Olympic Games.
Fully Automated Luxury Communism
Fully Automated Luxury Communism: A Manifesto is a book by Aaron Bastani first published by Verso Books in 2019. It outlines a vision of a post-scarcity, post-capitalist society driven by technological advances such as automation, artificial intelligence, and synthetic biology.

Drawing on trends in energy, labour, and production, Bastani argues that these developments could eliminate scarcity and enable a future defined by abundance, reduced working hours, and universal access to luxuries previously reserved for the wealthy. Positioned within the broader tradition of Marxist thought, the book seeks to reframe socialist politics for the 21st century, proposing a radical reorganisation of society based on egalitarian principles and technological progress.

Verso Books
Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a publishing house based in London and New York City. Founded in 1970 by the staff of the New Left Review, it has Tariq Ali and Perry Anderson on its board of directors. According to its website, it is the largest independent, radical publishing house in the English-speaking world, publishing one hundred books a year. Harper's described it as "Anglo-America's preeminent radical press," and The Sunday Times called it "a rigorously intelligent publisher."
2025 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux
The 2025 BNP Paribas Primrose Bordeaux was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and an ATP Challenger Tour 175 event on the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bordeaux, France between 13 and 18 May 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Pilot signal
In telecommunications, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes.

Synchronization
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or in time. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync—and those that are not are asynchronous.

Today, time synchronization can occur between systems around the world through satellite navigation signals and other time and frequency transfer techniques.
Martin Wrigley
John Martin Charles Wrigley is a British Liberal Democrat politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Newton Abbot since 2024.

Wrigley was leader of Teignbridge District Council until July 2024. He was councillor for the Dawlish ward until May 2025.

Wrigley "grew up in a Navy family and lived all over the world", and has a background in engineering.

Teignbridge
Teignbridge (/ˈtiːnbrɪdʒ/ TEEN-brij) is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Newton Abbot. The district also includes the towns of Ashburton, Buckfastleigh, Dawlish, Bovey Tracey, Kingsteignton and Teignmouth, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Teignbridge contains part of the south Devon coastline, including the Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve. Some of the inland western parts of the district lie within the Dartmoor National Park. It is named after the old Teignbridge hundred.

The neighbouring districts are Torbay, South Hams, West Devon, Mid Devon, East Devon and Exeter.
Podgorje pod Čerinom
Podgorje pod Čerinom (pronounced [pɔdˈɡoːɾjɛ pɔt tʃɛˈɾiːnɔm]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills east of Frankolovo. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Frankolovo
Frankolovo (pronounced [fɾaŋˈkoːlɔʋɔ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the main road north of Vojnik towards Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.
North West England electrification schemes
North West England electrification schemes are a series of individual railway lines in North West England that have been, and continue to be electrified and upgraded. It is planned that these schemes will result in a modernised, cleaner, lower carbon and faster railway with improved capacity.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Voordelta
The Voordelta is the coastal area in the North Sea, protected under Natura 2000. It is located to the west of the islands of the provinces of South Holland and Zeeland, around the deltas of Haringvliet, Grevelingen, and Oosterschelde. The total area of Voordelta is about 900 km2.

Haringvliet
The Haringvliet is a large inlet of the North Sea, in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. It is an important estuary of the Rhine-Meuse delta.

Near Numansdorp, the Hollands Diep splits into the Haringvliet and the Volkerak estuaries. It is closed off near Goedereede from the North Sea by the Haringvlietdam, which provides a road connection between the island of Voorne to the north and the island of Goeree-Overflakkee to the south. The dam with its sluices was built as part of the Delta Works sea barrier protection works.

The Haringvliet estuary contains the island of Tiengemeten, which is separated from the river island of Hoeksche Waard by the Vuile Gat strait.
Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).

Kraj
A Kraj (plural: kraje) is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it approximately means "(part of) country", or "(part of) countryside". A kraj is subdivided into okresy ("districts").

The first kraje were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century and they lasted till 1862/68. Kraje were reintroduced in 1949 in Czechoslovakia and still exist today (except for the early 1990s) in its successor states despite many rearrangements.

In Russia nine of the 85 federal subjects are called krais (Russian: края, kraya), coequal to oblasts. The toponym Krajina refers to several historical regions in Slavic countries.
LEF (journal)
LEF ("ЛЕФ") was the journal of the Left Front of the Arts ("Левый фронт искусств" – "Levy Front Iskusstv"), a widely ranging association of avant-garde writers, photographers, critics and designers in the Soviet Union. It had two runs, one from 1923 to 1925 as LEF, and later from 1927 to 1929 as Novy LEF ('New LEF'). The journal's objective, as set out in one of its first issues, was to "re-examine the ideology and practices of so-called leftist art, and to abandon individualism to increase art's value for developing communism."

Viktor Shklovsky
Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky (Russian: Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский, IPA: [ˈʂklofskʲɪj]; 24 January [O.S. 12 January] 1893 – 6 December 1984) was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. He is one of the major figures associated with Russian formalism.

Shklovsky's Theory of Prose was published in 1925. Shklovsky himself is still praised as "one of the most important literary and cultural theorists of the twentieth century" (Modern Language Association Prize Committee); "one of the most lively and irreverent minds of the last century" (David Bellos); "one of the most fascinating figures of Russian cultural life in the twentieth century" (Tzvetan Todorov)
Warburto Point
Warburto Point is a headland located on the west coast of the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia about 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) south west of the town of Wallaroo.  The point is described by one source as being ‘a rocky projection that extends about 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 kilometres; 1.7 miles) W(est) from the mainland’ and that ‘it is 6.1 metres (20 feet) high and is fringed by mangroves along each of its sides.’  The land at the tip of the point has been part of the Bird Islands Conservation Park since 1972.  Since 1995, it has been the site of a navigation aid in the form of a light tower which was commissioned to replace the lighthouse on Tiparra Reef.  It is also the site of a coastal weather station operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.

Wallaroo, South Australia
Wallaroo is a port town on the western side of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia, 160 kilometres (100 mi) northwest of Adelaide. It is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famed for their historic shared copper mining industry, and known together as "Little Cornwall", the other two being Kadina, about 8 kilometres (5 mi) to the east, and Moonta, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south. In 2016, Wallaroo had a population of 3,988 according to the census held.
Twistees
Twistees is a brand of Maltese snacks which is now widely exported. Twistees are produced by Tastees Manufacturint Limited at a factory in Marsa which was originally established by Ray Calleja in 1969. The most popular snack food in Malta, they are also exported to the Middle East and Germany. Twistees are a rice-based snack manufactured by a baking process. The most popular form of the snack are the original Cheesy Twistees, though other flavours have been added to the range over the years, including Twistees Smokey Barbeque, Twistees Lite, Twistees Chicken, Twistees Sour Cream and Onion and Twistees Blue Cheese and Twistees Paprika.  The Twistees Sharing packet comes in a 150g size bag, compared to the standard 50g size packet. Tastees are variant, bacon-flavoured Twistees. Twistees celebrated its 50-year anniversary in 2019.

Maltese cuisine
Maltese cuisine reflects Maltese history, showing strong Italian influences, as well as influences from Spanish, French, Provençal and other Mediterranean cuisines, with some later British culinary influence. Being positioned along important trade routes, having to import most of its foodstuffs, and having to cater for the resident foreign powers who ruled the islands opened Maltese cuisine to outside influences. The traditional Maltese stewed rabbit, stuffat tal-fenek, is often identified as the national dish.