hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qiedihou
Qiedihou (Chinese: 且鞮侯; r. 101–96 BCE), whose name was probably Qiedi, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, and the successor to Xulihu. His reign was contemporaneous with that of the Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC). He was the younger brother of Xulihu, who died, after a one-year reign, during a campaign against the newly built Western Han fort Shuofang in Ordos.

Qiedihou reigned during one of the most aggressive periods in Chinese history, and one of the many troubled periods in Xiongnu history. In 101 BCE Qiedihou, wishing to establish relations with the Han, said immediately after accession to the throne: “I am a child. How can I view the Han Emperor as an enemy when I have a venerable old man in front of me?” He returned to the Han all detained ambassadors.

Chanyu
Chanyu (simplified Chinese: 单于; traditional Chinese: 單于; pinyin: Chányú) or Shanyu (Chinese: 善于), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (Chinese: 撐犁孤塗單于; pinyin: Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries  until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 AD.  The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).  It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.
Rubus kelloggii
Rubus kelloggii is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of Missouri in central United States.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, making it difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Glastonbury Festival 2017
The 2017 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts took place between 21 and 25 June. The three headlining acts were Radiohead, Foo Fighters, and Ed Sheeran, with Barry Gibb performing in the iconic Legend's Slot.

Blossoms (album)
Blossoms is the debut studio album by English rock band Blossoms. It was released in the United Kingdom on 5 August 2016, by Virgin EMI Records. The album was produced by James Skelly and Rich Turvey. It peaked at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart and number 12 on the Irish Albums Chart, reaching Silver certification in the UK in April 2017. Then in June 2017 it went Gold in the UK after surpassing 100,000 sales.
Ukrainian People's Militsiya
Ukrainian People's Militia (Ukrainian: Українська Народна Міліція, romanized: Ukrainska Narodna Militsiia) or the Ukrainian National Militia, was a paramilitary formation created by the Banderite faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) in the General Government territory of occupied Poland and later in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine during World War II. It was set up in the course of Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union.

Sicherheitspolizei
The Sicherheitspolizei often abbreviated as SiPo, is a German term meaning "security police". In the Nazi era, it referred to the state political and criminal investigation security agencies. It was made up by the combined forces of the Gestapo (secret state police) and the Kriminalpolizei (criminal police; Kripo) between 1936 and 1939. As a formal agency, the SiPo was incorporated into the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in 1939, but the term continued to be used informally until the end of World War II in Europe.
Regret-free mechanism
In mechanism design, a regret-free truth-telling mechanism (RFTT, or regret-free mechanism for short) is a mechanism in which each player who reveals his true private information does not feel regret after seeing the mechanism outcome. A regret-free mechanism incentivizes agents who want to avoid regret to report their preferences truthfully.

Regret-freeness is a relaxation of truthfulness: every truthful mechanism is regret-free, but there are regret-free mechanisms that are not truthful. As a result, regret-free mechanisms exist even in settings in which strong impossibility results prevent the existence of truthful mechanisms.

Divide and choose
Divide and choose (also cut and choose or I cut, you choose) is a procedure for fair division of a continuous resource between two parties. It involves a heterogeneous good or resource and two partners who have different preferences over parts of the cake (both want as much of it as possible). The procedure proceeds as follows: one person divides the resource into two pieces; the other person selects one of the pieces; the cutter receives the remaining piece.

Since ancient times some have used the procedure to divide land, food and other resources between two parties. Currently, there is an entire field of research, called fair cake-cutting, devoted to various extensions and generalizations of cut-and-choose. Divide and choose is envy-free in the following sense: each of the two partners can act in a way that guarantees that, according to their own subjective taste, their allocated share is at least as valuable as the other share, regardless of what the other partner does.
Lobster sauce
Lobster sauce is a type of sauce used in American-Chinese and Canadian-Chinese cuisine.  It is also sometimes found in Polynesian-influenced Chinese food. It is a type of "white sauce" within Chinese cooking, meaning that it is mild and based on meat stock as opposed to soy sauce.

The sauce itself does not contain any lobster, and may vary in preparation method from place to place or restaurant to restaurant. It can contain chicken broth, garlic, ginger, green onions, fermented black beans, and eggs, and is thickened with starch.  Some recipes incorporate pork mince and soy sauce.  The colour varies from being pale white to brown, or to a yellow, depending on the quantity of soy sauce used and how the eggs are incorporated into the sauce.  Lobster sauce in most of New England, where it is a thicker, brown sauce, is the exception.

Canadian Chinese cuisine
Canadian Chinese cuisine (French: Cuisine chinoise canadienne) is a cuisine derived from Chinese cuisine that was developed by Chinese Canadians. It was the first form of commercially available Chinese food in Canada. This cooking style was invented by early Cantonese immigrants who adapted traditional Chinese recipes to Western tastes and the available ingredients, and developed in a similar process to American Chinese cuisine.
General Confederation of Free Workers of Cameroon
The General Confederation of Free Workers of Cameroon (CGTLC) is a trade union centre in Cameroon.

It was formed in March, 2003 by Benoît Essiga, a former president of the Confederation of Cameroon Trade Unions.

Confederation of Cameroon Trade Unions
The Confederation of Cameroon Trade Unions (CCTU/CSTC) is a trade union centre in Cameroon.

It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, and the Organization of African Trade Union Unity.
Mărtinești
Mărtinești (Hungarian: Martinesd, German: Martensdorf) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Dâncu Mare (Nagydenk), Dâncu Mic (Kisdenk), Jeledinți (Lozsád), Măgura (Magura), Mărtinești, Tămășasa (Tamáspatak), and Turmaș (Tormás).

The commune is located in the central part of Hunedoara County, 8 km (5 mi) west of the city of Orăștie and 21 km (13 mi) east of the county seat, Deva. Mărtinești is situated in a hilly area, on the banks of the river Turdaș.

In 2012, four looters were sent to trial for looting from Sarmizegetusa Regia between 1998 and 2009. They looted 3,600 Greek coins (estimated at €3,794,550), a necklace (estimated at €100,000) and 35 Roman denarii from Dâncu Mare village.

Deva, Romania
Deva (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdeva] ⓘ; Hungarian: Déva, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈdeːvɒ]; German: Diemrich, Schlossberg, Denburg; Latin: Sargetia;) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, on the left bank of the river Mureș. It is the capital of Hunedoara County.
Tyras Vallis
Tyras Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars.  It is located at 8.4 N° and 50.2° W.  It was named after a classical name for the present Dniester River (in Ukraine).

Tyras Vallis Fan Deposit, as seen by HiRISE.  Click on image to see layers.

Tyras Vallis Fan Deposit at a different sun angle.  The scale bar is 500 meters long.  This image is just to the right of the previous image.

Layers in Monument Valley.  These are accepted as being formed, at least in part, by water deposition.  Since Mars contains similar layers, water remains as a major cause of layering on Mars.

Lunae Palus quadrangle
The Lunae Palus quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The quadrangle is also referred to as MC-10 (Mars Chart-10). Lunae Planum and parts of Xanthe Terra and Chryse Planitia are found in the Lunae Palus quadrangle.  The Lunae Palus quadrangle contains many ancient river valleys.

The quadrangle covers the area from 45° to 90° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars.  The Viking 1 Lander (part of Viking program) landed in the quadrangle on July 20, 1976, at 22°24′N 47°30′W﻿ / ﻿22.4°N 47.5°W﻿ / 22.4; -47.5.  It was the first robot spacecraft to successfully land on the Red Planet.
Piz Jenatsch
Piz Jenatsch is a mountain of the Albula Alps, located in the canton of Graubünden. It has an elevation of 3,251 metres above sea level and it is located east of Piz d'Err and Piz Calderas, between the valleys of Val d'Err and Val Bever.

The closest locality is Tinizong on the west side.

Tinizong-Rona
Tinizong-Rona is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the Sursés in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was formed in 1998 from the villages of Tinizong and Rona. The local administration is situated in Tinizong. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.
Alé Vallée
Alé Vallée (translatable as Forward Valley) was a social-democratic political party active in Aosta Valley.

The party, whose leader was Enrico Bich, was the heir of the Italian Socialist Party in the Region and gained 4.7% of the votes (in list with the Italian Democratic Socialists and UDEUR) in the 2003 regional election, failing to surpass the 5% threshold needed to enter in the Regional Council of the Valley. Since then the party gained representation in the Municipal Council of Aosta and finally decided to merge in the regional Democratic Party.

In October 2007 Enrico Bich was a candidate for the post of regional secretary of the Democratic Party, but was defeated (62.5% against 37.5%) by Raimondo Donzel, a trade unionist supported by the Democrats of the Left.

Italian Democratic Socialists
The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani, SDI) was a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was the direct continuation of the Italian Socialists, the legal successor of the historical Italian Socialist Party. The Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the other long-time Italian social-democratic party, was merged into it along with other minor parties. The party's long-time leader was Enrico Boselli, a former president of Emilia-Romagna (1990–1993). In 2007, the SDI were merged with other descendants of the PSI to form the modern-day Italian Socialist Party.
2012 Independent Spirit Awards
The 2012 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to:

27th Independent Spirit Awards, a ceremony held in 2012, honoring the films of 2011

28th Independent Spirit Awards, a ceremony held in 2013, honoring the films of 2012

27th Independent Spirit Awards
The 27th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best independent films of 2011, were presented on February 25, 2012. The nominations were announced on November 29, 2011. The ceremony was hosted by Seth Rogen and aired exclusively on IFC. Highlights included John Waters as the "Voice of God", and musical performances by My Morning Jacket and K'naan.
Hesagi
Hesagi (Persian: حسگی) is a village in Nosratabad Rural District (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), in the Central District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 8 families.

Nosratabad Rural District (Zahedan County)
Nosratabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان نصرت‌آباد) is in Nosratabad District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shahrak-e Hesaruiyeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Nosratabad, now a city.
Luggage lock
A luggage lock is a lock used to prevent luggage from opening by accident, usually with little or no security in mind, although the lock may serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. Luggage locks may be built into luggage or may be external locks such as padlocks or lockable straps.

Baggage
Baggage, or luggage, consists of bags, cases, and containers which hold a traveler's personal articles while the traveler is in transit. A modern traveler can be expected to have packages containing clothing, toiletries, small possessions, trip necessities. On the return trip, travelers may have souvenirs and gifts. For some people, baggage and the style thereof is 
representative of the owner's wealth and status. Baggage is constructed to protect the items during travel either with a hard shell or a durable soft material. Baggage often has internal subdivisions or sections to aid in securing items. Handles are typically provided to facilitate carrying, and some baggage may have wheels and/or telescoping handles or leashes to make moving them easier.

Baggage (not luggage), or baggage train, can also refer to the train of people and goods, both military and of a personal nature, which commonly followed pre-modern armies on campaign.
Clairton High School
Clairton High School is located in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in Allegheny County in the city of Clairton, United States. It is part of the Clairton City School District.  The school serves students in 6th through 12th grades.  The school's mascot is the Bear.

The school's football team, the Clairton Bears, won their 60th consecutive game on November 23, 2012. This win put the team in the record books for the most consecutive wins for any high school football team in Pennsylvania. The win broke the record set from 1997 to 2000 by Central Bucks West, a suburban Philadelphia school.

Central Bucks High School West
Central Bucks High School - West, often shortened to CB West, is a public high school housing students in grades ten through twelve (realigns to ninth through twelfth grades 2026-27 year). It is located in Doylestown, Pennsylvania and is part of the Central Bucks School District.

During the 2024-2025 school year, CB West had a total enrollment of 1,391. The school's measured FTE for classroom teachers was 99.36 and there was a student–teacher ratio of 14.00. The student population was 51.5% male and 48.5% female. 17.7% of students were economically disadvantaged, 17.3% of students were in special education programs, and 2.5% of students were English-language learners.

The U.S. News & World Report currently ranks CB West as the 43rd best high school in Pennsylvania. Lyndell Davis is the school's current principal.
Road traffic control
Road traffic control involves directing vehicular and pedestrian traffic around a construction zone, accident or other road disruption, thus ensuring the safety of emergency response teams, construction workers and the general public.

Traffic control also includes the use of CCTV and other means of monitoring traffic by local or state roadways authorities to manage traffic flows and providing advice concerning traffic congestion.

Traffic Control Technicians (TCTs) or Traffic Control Supervisors (TCSs) are often known as "lollipop men" (usually this name only applies to TCTs working near schools to aid pupils in road crossing) from the appearance of their Stop/Slow signs, known as "Stop bats".

Contraflow lane reversal
Contraflow lane reversal is the altering of the normal flow of traffic, typically on a controlled-access highway (such as a freeway or motorway), to either aid in an emergency evacuation (the most common usage of the term in the United States) or, as part of routine maintenance activities, to facilitate widening or reconstruction of one of the highway's carriageways (the most common usage in the United Kingdom).

Usually, the term is used to refer to reversal of lanes which are normally configured for travel in one direction; routinely changing the configuration of reversible lanes (such as during rush hour) is not normally considered contraflow lane reversal. On undivided highways, evacuation contraflow may be called evacuation reverse flow.
Chancacas
Chancacas are a traditional Colombian coconut candy from Buenaventura, Colombia, a seaport city on the Pacific Ocean. They are made with panela and coconut. Fresh coconut is preferable to dried shredded coconut, but either can be used. The chancacas have a chewy consistency and are flavored with zest of lime and cinnamon.

Colombian cuisine
Colombian cuisine is a culinary tradition of six main regions within Colombia: Insular, Caribbean, Pacific, Andean, Orinoco, and Amazonian. Colombian cuisine varies regionally and is influenced by Indigenous Colombian, Spanish, and African cuisines, with a slight Arab influence in some regions.
Elsbeth von Keudell
Elsbeth von Keudell (1857–1953) was a German nurse and senior coordinator of the Countess Rittberg Sisters' Association of the Red Cross. She was one of the first people to receive the Florence Nightingale Medal for her service to those in need.

Lichterfelde (Berlin)
Lichterfelde (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪçtɐˌfɛldə] ⓘ) is a locality in the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin, Germany. Until 2001 it was part of the former borough of Steglitz, along with Steglitz and Lankwitz. Lichterfelde is home to institutions like the Berlin Botanical Garden and Museum, the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND), the German Federal Archives and the Charité university hospital's Benjamin Franklin Campus. Many embassies and landmark-protected buildings are located in the affluent mansion settlement in Lichterfelde West.
Abdul Ghani Dar
Abdul Ghani Dar (14 October 1907 – 11 December 1989) was an Indian politician and author. He was a Member of the Rajya Sabha from Punjab from 23 November 1962 to 23 February 1967 and also a Member of the 4th Lok Sabha from the Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency from 1967 to 1971 being an Independent candidate. He was a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Nuh Assembly constituency since 1952 till he was elected to the Rajya Sabha being associated with the Indian National Congress.

He was formerly associated with Indian National Congress while publishing his book Congress Khatre Men.

1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Elections to elect the First Punjab Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 842 candidates contested for the 105 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 21 two-member constituencies and 84 single-member constituencies.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University is a private university in Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. It was established under Punjab State Act 20/2008 (Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Act) and is recognized by UGC under section 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956. Sardar Prakash Singh Badal (Chief Minister of Punjab) announced the setting up of Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University at Fatehgarh Sahib, the holy place of martyrs, on the occasion of the fourth centenary celebrations of the compilation and the first installation of Sri Adi (Guru) Granth Sahib in 2004.

Xi'an Jiaotong University
Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU; 西安交通大学) is a public university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is a member of the C9 League.

XJTU houses five state key laboratories, four state special laboratories, and two state engineering research centers. Two of its eight affiliated teaching hospitals are ranked among China's top 100 hospitals. It is the hub of the University Alliance of the Silk Road, an international academic alliance under the umbrella of China's Belt and Road Initiative that aims to build educational collaboration and fuel economic growth in countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and key partners worldwide.
Bootstrapping (linguistics)
Bootstrapping is a term used in language acquisition in the field of  linguistics. It refers to the idea that humans are born innately equipped with a mental faculty that forms the basis of language. It is this language faculty that allows children to effortlessly acquire language. As a process, bootstrapping can be divided into different domains, according to whether it involves  semantic bootstrapping, syntactic bootstrapping, prosodic bootstrapping, or pragmatic bootstrapping.

Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (/ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz-/) is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as suprasegmentals when they extend across more than one phonetic segment.

Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast,  focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary.
Tanbark Trail
The Tanbark Trail is an 8.8-mile (14.2 km) hiking trail in Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania, which is usually described as a spur of the North Country Trail. It is known for visiting some of the least disturbed areas of the National Forest, as well as several large rock formations and scenic glens along small streams.

Allegheny National Forest
The Allegheny National Forest is a National Forest in Northwestern Pennsylvania, about 100 miles northeast of Pittsburgh. The forest covers 513,175 acres (801.8 sq mi; 2,076.7 km2) of land. Within the forest is Kinzua Dam, which impounds the Allegheny River to form Allegheny Reservoir. The administrative headquarters for the Allegheny National Forest is in Warren. The Allegheny National Forest has two ranger stations, one in Marienville, Forest County, and the other in Bradford, McKean County.

The Allegheny National Forest lies in the heart of Pennsylvania's oil and gas region. It is only 40 miles (64 km) from the site of the first commercial oil well in the United States at Titusville, Pennsylvania. In 1981, about 17 percent of the state's crude oil production came from mineral rights owned by private individuals within the Forest boundary.