hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
56th United States Congress
The 56th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1899, to March 4, 1901, during the third and fourth years of William McKinley's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority. There was one African-American member, George Henry White of North Carolina, who served his second and final term as a representative in this Congress, and would be the last black member of Congress until 1928, and the last black member of Congress from the South until 1972.

United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
The United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources is a standing committee of the United States Senate. It has jurisdiction over matters related to energy and mineral resources, including nuclear development; irrigation and reclamation, territorial possessions of the United States, trust lands appertaining to America's indigenous peoples, and the conservation, use, and disposition of federal lands. Its roots go back to the Committee on Interior and Insulars Affairs. In 1977, it became the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and most matters regarding Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians were removed from its jurisdiction and transferred to the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Chanonry Castle
Chanonry Castle was located in the town of Fortrose on Scotland's Black Isle. It was built around 1500 by John Fraser, Bishop of Ross. Following the Reformation, it came into the possession of the Mackenzies of Kintail, later Earls of Seaforth. The alternative name Seaforth Castle dates from this period. The castle was dismantled on the orders of Oliver Cromwell, who needed materials for a fort at Inverness.

Nothing of the castle now remains, except a stone in the gable of a house on Station Road. The stone bears a coat of arms and the initials CBS, for Countess Barbara of Seaforth, and is thought to have been scavenged from the ruins. Countess Barbara was the wife of George, 2nd Earl of Seaforth (d. 1651).

Earl of Seaforth
Earl of Seaforth was a title in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland, derived from Loch Seaforth on the coast of Lewis. It was held by the family of Mackenzie from 1623 to 1716, and again from 1771 to 1781.
Y Tauri
Y Tauri is a carbon star located in the constellation Taurus. Parallax measurements by Gaia put it at a distance of approximately 2,170 light-years (670 parsecs).

In the 19th century, Thomas William Webb and John Birmingham noted that Y Tauri might be a variable star. Thomas William Backhouse confirmed that the star's brightness varies, in 1887. Y Tauri is a semiregular variable star. Its class is SRb, and its primary pulsation cycle lasts 241.5 days.  No long secondary period has been identified.  It has a radius of 219 R☉, an effective surface temperature of 3,217 K, and a bolometric luminosity of 4,489 L☉.  Its mass is calculated to be 4.3 M☉.

Y Tauri is losing mass at 4×10−7 M☉/yr, and is surrounded by dust at a temperature of 1,900 K.

Semiregular variable star
In astronomy, a semiregular variable star, a type of variable star, is a giant or supergiant of intermediate and late (cooler) spectral type. It shows considerable periodicity in its light changes, accompanied or sometimes interrupted by various irregularities. Periods lie in the range from 20 to more than 2000 days, while the shapes of the light curves may be rather different and variable with each cycle.  The amplitudes may be from several hundredths to several magnitudes (usually 1-2 magnitudes in the V filter).
Lamentations Rabbah
The Midrash on Lamentations (Hebrew: אֵיכָה רבה, romanized: Ēkhā Rabbāh) is a midrashic commentary to the Book of Lamentations.

It is one of the oldest works of midrash, along with Genesis Rabbah and the Pesikta de-Rav Kahana.

Aggadah
Aggadah (Hebrew: אַגָּדָה, romanized: Aggāḏā, or הַגָּדָה Haggāḏā; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אֲגַדְתָּא, romanized: Aggāḏṯā; 'tales', 'legend', 'lore') is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash. In general, Aggadah is a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporates folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and practical advice in various spheres, from business to medicine. The predominant rabbinic holding is that Aggadah is meant to impart moral or theological truths through the form of allegory in order to be accessible, and it does not have to be taken literally.
River Bend, West Virginia
River Bend is an unincorporated area in Kanawha County,  West Virginia,  United States.

The community was part of the Upper Falls census-designated place from 2010 until 2020.

Residents receive mail using the city name Saint Albans at ZIP Code 25177. River Bend is in the Charleston, West Virginia metropolitan area.

St. Albans, West Virginia
St. Albans is a city in western Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States, at the confluence of the Kanawha and Coal rivers. The population was 10,861 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Charleston metropolitan area.
Stiege
Stiege (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtiːɡə] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Oberharz am Brocken. Its population is 862 (2021).

Oberharz am Brocken
Oberharz am Brocken (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐhaːɐ̯ts ʔam ˈbʁɔkn̩], lit. 'Upper Harz on the Brocken') is a town in the Harz District, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the town of Elbingerode with the municipalities of the former  Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") Brocken-Hochharz (except for Allrode).

The name chosen by the new town's administration has caused some disturbance, as the area is not part of the Upper Harz region, which traditionally refers to the seven mining towns (Bergstädte) of Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Andreasberg, Altenau, Lautenthal, Wildemann, and Grund, all located in the neighbouring state of Lower Saxony. A lawsuit filed by the Lower Saxon Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Oberharz in 2009 was dismissed by the Saxony-Anhalt administrative court in Magdeburg.
Panic Button Records
Panic Button Records was a record label which was formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1997. It was co-owned by Ben Weasel and John Jughead, both members of punk rock band Screeching Weasel. In 1998 the label was purchased by Lookout! Records when Screeching Weasel re-signed to Lookout!.

Lookout Records
Lookout Records (stylized as Lookout! Records) was an independent record label, initially based in Laytonville, California, and later in Berkeley, focusing on punk rock. Established in 1987, the label is best known for having released Operation Ivy’s only album, Energy, and Green Day's first two albums, 39/Smooth and Kerplunk.

Following the departure of co-founder Larry Livermore in 1997, the label departed from its "East Bay sound" and proved unable to match early success. In 2005 the label ran into financial difficulties after several high-profile artists rescinded the rights to their Lookout Records material. After a period of rapid contraction the label slowly expired, terminating operations and removing its music from online distribution channels early in 2012.
Rautaharkko
Rautaharkko is a district of Tampere, Finland, located about three kilometers from the city center. Rautaharkko is bordered on the west by Rantaperkiö, on the east by Taatala and Nirva, on the south by Lakalaiva and on the north by Vihioja and Hatanpää. As of 31 December 2014, Rautaharkko had 533 inhabitants.

Nirva
Nirva is a neighbourhood in the southern part of the city of Tampere, Finland, and it is located between Koivistonkylä and Lahdesjärvi districts. Nirva had a population of 462 at the end of 2007, as the residential buildings in the area are mainly detached houses, in addition to a few terraced houses. There are less than 200 residential houses, and new construction is low due to the small number of properties. The Tampere Adult Education Center (Tampereen Aikuiskoulutuskeskus) operates in the area, otherwise there are no services in Nirva; the nearest ones can be found in the Koivistonkylä district.
2018 Asia Rugby Championship
The 2018 Asia Rugby Championship was the fourth annual rugby union series for the top-level Asia Rugby nations. The Asia Rugby Championship in 2018 formed part of the World Cup qualifying process and, as such, did not include Japan who had already qualified as the 2019 Rugby World Cup host. Hong Kong and South Korea were joined by Malaysia, promoted from Division 1, to compete in the 2018 series. Other Asian nations played in the lower division tournaments.

The format of the tri-nations series is a double round-robin where the three teams play each other twice on a home and away basis. The team finishing on top of the standings at the end of the series is declared the winner. The 2018 series winner Hong Kong advanced to a cross-regional play-off series against Oceania 4, Cook Islands, to earn a berth in the repechage tournament.

Asia Rugby Championship
The Asia Rugby Championship, or ARC, is an annual rugby union competition held amongst national rugby sides within the Asia Rugby region. The competition was originally known as the Asian Rugby Football Tournament when founded in 1969, and was called the Asian Five Nations from 2008 to 2014.

The winner of the competition's top division is recognised as the rugby champion of Asia. The top division, sometimes referred to as the Tri Nations, includes the top three Asian teams each season. Division 1 includes the next four teams and Division 2 includes the next four. Division three is  further divided geographically, with each of the West, East and South Central divisions including three teams.

Japan is the most successful team, securing 25 out of a possible 30 titles since 1969. They have not participated in the series since 2017.
Tokushima-Nanbu Expressway
The Tokushima-Nanbu Expressway (徳島南部自動車道, Tokushima-Nanbu Jidōsha-dō) is an expressway that runs from Anan in Tokushima Prefecture to Tokushima via Komatsushima. It is connected to the Anan Aki Expressway in Anan and to the Tokushima Expressway in Tokushima. Anan Interchange-Tokushima Okishu Interchange is under new direct control.

The name of the National Land Development Trunk Road (National Trunk Road) is part of the Shikoku Crossing Expressway (Shikoku-Ōdan Expressway), which constitutes the starting point of the line.

The name of the city planning road is Tokushima Expressway Tokushima Junction (under construction) - Together with Naruto Junction, it is the Tokushima eastern city planning road Anan Naruto Line.

The route number according to the expressway numbering is assigned E55 together with the Anan Aki Expressway and the Kōchi-Tōbu Expressway.

Kōchi-Tōbu Expressway
The Kōchi-Tōbu Expressway (高知東部自動車道, Kōchi-Tōbu Jidōsha-dō) is an incomplete two-lane national expressway in Kōchi Prefecture. It is owned and operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). The route is signed as an auxiliary route of National Route 55 as well E55 under MLIT's  "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."
Euler product
In number theory, an Euler product is an expansion of a Dirichlet series into an infinite product indexed by prime numbers. The original such product was given for the sum of all positive integers raised to a certain power as proven by Leonhard Euler. This series and its continuation to the entire complex plane would later become known as the Riemann zeta function.

Totient summatory function
In number theory, the totient summatory function   is a summatory function of Euler's totient function defined by

It is the number of ordered pairs of coprime integers (p,q), where 1 ≤ p ≤ q ≤ n.

The first few values are 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 22, 28, 32, ... (sequence A002088 in the OEIS). Values for powers of 10 are 1, 32, 3044, 304192, 30397486, 3039650754, ... (sequence A064018 in the OEIS).
2007 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 2007 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  The team was coached by Bill Cubit and played their homes game in Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.  The Broncos finished the season 5–7 overall and 3–4 in the Mid-American Conference.  The highlight of the season was the 28–19 road victory over the Iowa Hawkeyes, a team that finished fifth in the Big Ten Conference
.

2007 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 2007 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Central Michigan competed as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The Chippewas were led by first-year head coach Butch Jones.

Central Michigan finished the regular season with a 7–5 record and a 6–1 record in conference play, placing first in the West Division. They qualified for the MAC Championship Game, where they defeated the Miami RedHawks 35–10. Central Michigan competed in the Motor City Bowl for the second straight year, losing to the Purdue Boilermakers 48–51.
Silanus of Ambracia
Silanus (Greek: Σιλανός) of Ambracia was an ancient Greek soothsayer in Xenophon's Anabasis. In 401 BC, he accompanied Cyrus the Younger in an expedition against Artaxerxes. When Silanus provided Cyrus with a successful prediction, he was rewarded with 3000 darics (or 10 talents).

Cyrus the Younger
Cyrus the Younger (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš; Ancient Greek: Κῦρος Kyros; died 401 BC) was an Achaemenid prince and general. He ruled as satrap of Lydia and Ionia from 408 to 401 BC. Son of Darius II and Parysatis, he died in 401 BC in battle during a failed attempt to oust his elder brother, Artaxerxes II, from the Persian throne.

The history of Cyrus and of the retreat of his Greek mercenaries is told by Xenophon in his Anabasis. Another account, probably from Sophaenetus of Stymphalus, was used by Ephorus. Further information is contained in the excerpts from Artaxerxes II's physician, Ctesias, by Photius; Plutarch’s Lives of Artaxerxes II and Lysander; and Thucydides' History of Peloponnesian War. These are the only early sources of information on Cyrus the Younger.
Drymaria
Drymaria is a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. It contains many species including these from northeastern Mexico:

Drymaria arenarioides

Drymaria coahuilana

Drymaria cordata

Drymaria lyropetala

Drymaria monticola

Drymaria pattersonii

Drymaria pratheri

Drymaria cordata
Drymaria cordata, the tropical chickweed, stangries, West Indian chickweed, or golondrina, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to moist habitats in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, and has been introduced to many places in the tropics and subtropics, including the southeast US, the Caribbean, the Indian Subcontinent, southern China, Japan, and a number of islands. It is known as one of the most aggressive weeds of the tropical and subtropical parts of the world.
Lophophorine
Lophophorine, also known as N-methylanhalonine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid made by various cacti in the Lophophora family. It has been found to lack hallucinogenic effects in humans. Arthur Heffter tried lophophorine at a dose of 20 mg resulted in vasodilation, an immediate headache, and a warm flushed feeling, effects which dissipated within an hour. It has also been said to produce nausea in humans. Lophophorine is described as highly toxic and produces strychnine-like convulsions in animals.

Lophophora
Lophophora (/ləˈfɒfərə/) is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti. Its native range covers Texas through Mexico to southwestern Mexico. The species are extremely slow growing, sometimes taking up to thirty years to reach flowering age (at the size of about a golf ball, excluding the root) in the wild. Cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, usually taking between three and ten years to reach from seedling to mature flowering adult. The slow rate of reproduction and over-harvesting by collectors render the species under threat in the wild.
Bipyramid
In geometry, a bipyramid, dipyramid, or double pyramid is a polyhedron formed by fusing two pyramids together base-to-base. The polygonal base of each pyramid must therefore be the same, and unless otherwise specified the base vertices are usually coplanar and a bipyramid is usually symmetric, meaning the two pyramids are mirror images across their common base plane. When each apex (pl. apices, the off-base vertices) of the bipyramid is on a line perpendicular to the base and passing through its center, it is a right bipyramid; otherwise it is oblique. When the base is a regular polygon, the bipyramid is also called regular.

Equilateral triangle
An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides have the same length, and all three angles are equal. Because of these properties, the equilateral triangle is a regular polygon, occasionally known as the regular triangle. It is the special case of an isosceles triangle by modern definition, creating more special properties.

The equilateral triangle can be found in various tilings, and in polyhedrons such as the deltahedron and antiprism. It appears in real life in popular culture, architecture, and the study of stereochemistry resembling the molecular known as the trigonal planar molecular geometry.
SETI@home beta
SETI@home beta, is a hibernating volunteer computing project using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform, as a test environment for future SETI@home projects:

AstroPulse is a volunteer computing project searching for primordial black holes, pulsars, and ETI. AstroPulse clients have been tested by this project for nearly 6 years. It is already running on SETI@home, testing new GPU/CPU optimized apps and performing other tasks.

SETI Southern Hemisphere Search, which is another SETI@home project that was due to join BOINC. It was expected that this project would use a slightly modified version of the SETI enhanced client, as the Parkes Observatory has a feedhorn with more beams than the Arecibo Observatory.

Astropulse
Free and open-source software portal

Astropulse is a volunteer computing project to search for primordial black holes, pulsars, and extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). Volunteer resources are harnessed through the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform. In 1999, the Space Sciences Laboratory launched SETI@home, which relied on a network of desktop computers around the world to provide massively parallel computation. SETI@home utilizes recorded data from the Arecibo radio telescope and searches for narrow-bandwidth radio signals from space, signifying the presence of extraterrestrial technology. It was soon recognized that this same data might be scoured for other signals of value to the astronomy and physics community.
Mayham
"Mayham" is the 68th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the third of the show's sixth season. Written by Matthew Weiner and directed by Jack Bender, it originally aired on March 26, 2006.

Elizabeth Bracco
Elizabeth Bracco (born November 5, 1957) is an American actress best known for her role as Marie Spatafore, the wife of Vito Spatafore, on the HBO TV series The Sopranos. Her sister Lorraine Bracco also appears in The Sopranos as Jennifer Melfi.
Sibirocosa
Sibirocosa is a genus of wolf spiders containing seven species, all from Russia, mostly found from northeastern Siberia south to Primorsky Krai.  Spiders of this genus are dark coloured and hairy with a body length of 5.25 - 7.25 mm.

Wolf spider
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (from Ancient Greek  λύκος (lúkos) 'wolf'), named for their robust and agile hunting skills and excellent eyesight.

They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.

Wolf spiders resemble nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but wolf spiders carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets, while the Pisauridae carry their egg sacs with their chelicerae and pedipalps.

Two of the wolf spider's eight eyes are large and prominent; this distinguishes them from nursery web spiders, whose eyes are all of roughly equal size. This can also help distinguish them from the similar-looking grass spiders.
Irene Gregory
Irene Michelle Gregory is an American aerospace engineer whose research involves control theory and its applications in the control of aircraft. In works with Naira Hovakimyan and others, she has pioneered the use of  adaptive control techniques in this application, which combine the protection against uncertain data or modeling errors of robust control with the fast estimation provided by adaptive control. She works as senior technologist for advanced control theory and applications in the NASA Engineering & Safety Center at the Langley Research Center.

Naira Hovakimyan
Naira Hovakimyan (born September 21, 1966) is an Armenian control theorist who holds the W. Grafton and Lillian B. Wilkins professorship of the Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is the director of AVIATE Center at UIUC, funded through a NASA University Leadership Initiative. She was the inaugural director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory during 2015–2017, associated with the Coordinated Science Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Murder of Deborah Linsley
On the afternoon of 23 March 1988, Deborah Linsley was murdered on a train between Petts Wood and London Victoria stations in Greater London. Although there were about 70 people on the train, and Linsley apparently fought and injured her attacker, only one passenger reported hearing anything suspicious. The killer has not been identified. Stored blood evidence from the scene allowed the case to be re-examined a decade later using DNA technology, and in 2002 it was re-opened with a major publicity campaign. A police reward is on offer.

Compartment coach
A compartment coach is a railway passenger coach (US: passenger car) divided into separate areas or compartments, with no means of moving between compartments.

The compartment coach should not be confused with the corridor coach which also has separate compartments but, by contrast, has a corridor down one side of the coach interior onto which the compartment doors open.
Karaseki, Aydıncık
Karaseki is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Aydıncık, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 79 (2022). It is situated on the road connecting Aydıncık to Gülnar. The distance to Aydıncık is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and to Mersin is 185 kilometres (115 mi). The village is situated in the Taurus Mountains. Due to a shortage of irrigation water, dry farming is common in the village.

Aydıncık, Mersin
Aydıncık is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 352 km2, and its population is 11,468 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coast, 173 km (107 mi) from Mersin and 325 km (202 mi) from Antalya.

Aydıncık has also been called in Armenian Կելենդերիդա, and Gilindire, from Kelenderis (Greek: Κελένδερις).

This remote coastline is mostly unspoilt and 38 kilometers long, including some sandy beach, and the town of Aydıncık is spread along the coast near a small point, Sancak Burnu.