hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orientifold
In theoretical physics orientifold is a generalization of the notion of orbifold, proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1987. The novelty is that in the case of string theory the non-trivial element(s) of the orbifold group includes the reversal of the orientation of the string. Orientifolding therefore produces unoriented strings—strings that carry no "arrow" and whose two opposite orientations are equivalent. Type I string theory is the simplest example of such a theory and can be obtained by orientifolding type IIB string theory.

In mathematical terms, given a smooth manifold , two discrete, freely acting, groups  and  and the worldsheet parity operator  (such that ) an orientifold is expressed as the quotient space . If  is empty, then the quotient space is an orbifold. If  is not empty, then it is an orientifold.

String (physics)
In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or point-like by definition, strings are one-dimensional extended entities. Researchers often have an interest in string theories because theories in which the fundamental entities are strings rather than point particles automatically have many properties that some physicists expect to hold in a fundamental theory of physics. Most notably, a theory of strings that evolve and interact according to the rules of quantum mechanics will automatically describe quantum gravity.
Joel John
Joel John is an American politician and former member of the Arizona House of Representatives. A member of the Arizona Republican Party, he served alongside Democrat Brian Fernandez in Arizona's 4th legislative district.

Brian Fernandez (politician)
Brian Fernandez is an American politician serving as a member of the Arizona Senate for the 23rd legislative district. He previously served in the Arizona House of Representatives for the 4th legislative district beginning in 2021, after being appointed to the seat vacated by his mother, Charlene Fernandez, who resigned to become Director of Rural Development for the United States Department of Agriculture. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006
Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with the song "Invincible", written by Thomas G:son, Bobby Ljunggren, Henrik Wikström, and Carola Häggkvist, and performed by Carola herself. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 2006. Carola had already represented Sweden in 1983, and had won the contest in 1991.

Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991
Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with the song "Fångad av en stormvind", written by Stephan Berg, and performed by Carola. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1991. Carola had already represented Sweden at the 1983 contest. The entry eventually won the Eurovision Song Contest after having to apply the tiebreaker rule because it ended with the same number of points as the entry from France. This was the third ever victory for Sweden in the contest.
Martyrdom in China
The concept of martyrdom in China during the premodern period largely concerned loyalty to political principles and was developed in modern times by revolutionaries, such as the Tongmenghui and the Kuomintang parties during the Xinhai Revolution, Northern Expedition, and Second Sino-Japanese War.

Chinese Martyrs
Chinese Martyrs (traditional Chinese: 中華殉道聖人; simplified Chinese: 中华殉道圣人; pinyin: Zhōnghuá xùndào shèngrén; Wade–Giles: Chung1-hua2 hsun4-tao4 shêng4-jên2) is the name given to a number of members of the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church who were killed in China during the 19th and early 20th centuries. They are venerated as martyrs. Most were Chinese laypersons, but others were clergy from various other countries; many of them died during the Boxer Rebellion.
Gisborne Central
Gisborne Central is the central business district and central suburb of Gisborne, in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island. It is located east of Elgin, south of Whataupoko and west of Kaiti.

Kaiti, New Zealand
Kaiti (Māori: Kaitī) is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Gisborne. It is located immediately to the east of the city centre, on the opposing bank of the Waimata River.

Kaiti Hill or Titirangi overlooks Poverty Bay with Young Nick's Head (Te Kurī-a-Pāoa) across the Bay. Titirangi also overlooks the city. The Tūranganui River is below it and separates Kaiti from the Gisborne Central Business District.

Kaiti Beach is one of New Zealand's most historic spots, being the landing site of the Horouta waka. It brought ancestors of the tangata whenua to the region. In 1769, Captain James Cook, the first European to have set foot on New Zealand soil, also landed here. The location of this landing is protected as a national reserve.

The name kaiti comes from Māori words meaning "to eat the edible parts of cabbage trees (Cordyline australis)".
2009 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy
The 2009 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy was the 80th season of the FA Trophy, which is the oldest football competition for teams in Trinidad and Tobago. The tournament took place at the conclusion of the 2009 TT Pro League season. Caledonia AIA entered as the tournament's defending champion. The tournament commenced on 15 November, with 32 teams competing in single elimination matches and concluded on 9 December.

Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy
The Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, is the premier knockout tournament for teams in Trinidad and Tobago that is open to all clubs affiliated with the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association. The FA Trophy is the oldest football competition in Trinidad and Tobago, dating back to 1927 when Shamrock claimed the inaugural trophy. Since the competition involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for 'giant-killers' from the lower divisions of eliminating top clubs from the tournament and even theoretically win the trophy, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The trophy is currently contested each December through March following the National Super League season and the first round of matches in the TT Pro League. The current holders of the FA Trophy are North East Stars, who defeated fellow Pro League side W Connection in the 2014–15 final on 29 March 2015.
History of the Union Pacific Railroad
The history of the Union Pacific Railroad stretches from 1862 to the present. For operations of the current railroad, see Union Pacific Railroad; for the holding company that owns the current railroad, see Union Pacific Corporation.

There have been four railroads called Union Pacific: Union Pacific Rail Road, Union Pacific Railway, Union Pacific Railroad (Mark I), and Union Pacific Railroad (Mark II). This article covers the Union Pacific Rail Road (UPRR, 1862–1880), Union Pacific Railway (1880–1897), and Union Pacific Railroad (Mark I)(UP, 1897–1998).  For the history of the Union Pacific Railroad (Mark II), see Union Pacific and Southern Pacific Transportation Company.

North Platte, Nebraska
North Platte is a city in and the county seat of Lincoln County, Nebraska, United States. It is located in the west-central part of the state, along Interstate 80, at the confluence of the North and South Platte Rivers forming the Platte River. The population was 23,390 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th most populous city in Nebraska.

North Platte is a railroad town; Union Pacific Railroad's large Bailey Yard is located within the city. Today, North Platte is served only by freight trains, but during World War II the city was known for the North Platte Canteen, a volunteer organization serving food to millions of traveling soldiers.

North Platte is the principal city of the North Platte Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Lincoln, Logan, and McPherson counties.
Donald Cameron (mayor)
Sir Donald Charles Cameron (12 May 1877 – 8 October 1962) was a Dunedin businessman and was Mayor of Dunedin from 1944 to 1950. He was knighted in the 1948 Birthday Honours and received the freedom of the City of Edinburgh in 1949.

Mayor of Dunedin
The mayor of Dunedin is the head of the local government, the city council of Dunedin, New Zealand. The mayor's role is "to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties". The mayor is directly elected, using the single transferable vote (STV) system from 2007. The current mayor is Sophie Barker who was elected in 2025.

The mayor has always been elected at large, with the inaugural election in 1865. Up until 1915, the term of mayor was for one year only. From 1915 to 1935, the term was two years. Since the 1935 mayoral election, the term has been three years. The role of deputy mayor was established in 1917.
The city council translates the office and title of mayor as Te Koromatua o Ōtepoti.

The mayoralty is subject to election every three years, the next vote being the 2025 Dunedin mayoral election.
Lawnton, Pennsylvania
Lawnton is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,813 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan area
The Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area, officially the Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and also referred to as the Susquehanna Valley, is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as an area consisting of three counties in South Central Pennsylvania, anchored by the cities of Harrisburg and Carlisle.

As of the 2020 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 591,712, making it the fourth-most-populous metropolitan area in Pennsylvania, after the Delaware Valley, Greater Pittsburgh, and the Lehigh Valley.

Since 2012, it has been defined as part of the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area, which also includes York, Lebanon, and Adams counties.
Abbas Ahmad Atwi
Abbas Ahmad Atwi (Arabic: عباس أحمد عطوي; born 12 September 1979) is a Lebanese football coach and former player who is the assistant coach of Lebanese Premier League club Nejmeh.

Making his debut for Lebanon in 2002, Atwi was the all-time most capped player for his country with 89 international caps, before being surpassed by Hassan Maatouk in 2020; he played for the national team for over 13 years, until his final match in 2016.

Al-Manar Football Festival
The Al-Manar Football Festival (Arabic: مهرجان كرة المنار) was an event organised by the Al-Manar television station between the 1996–97 and 2018–19 seasons in order to award players, managers, referees and teams who were considered to have performed the best over the previous Lebanese Premier League season. Between the 2017–18 and 2018–19 seasons, the referendum to decide the winners of the awards was held online.

Lebanese forward Hassan Maatouk was awarded the Best Player award a record four times. Salih Sadir from Iraq is the foreign player with the most Best Player awards, having won it three times in a row. Lebanese coach Adnan Al Sharqi holds the most Best Coach awards, with four.
North Blyth Biomass Project
The North Blyth Biomass Project was a proposed biomass-fired power station planned to be located at North Blyth, Northumberland on the north bank of the River Blyth near its tidal estuary. When commissioned it would have had a generating capacity of 100 megawatts, enough electricity to provide for 170,000 homes.
Renewable Energy Systems, the station's developer, was granted government consent on 24 July 2013 to build the £250m project.

Although the Secretary of State granted a Development Consent Order as a nationally significant infrastructure project, the project was cancelled on 6 March 2014.

Nationally significant infrastructure project
In England and Wales, a nationally significant infrastructure project (NSIP) is a major infrastructure development that bypasses normal local planning requirements. These include proposals for power plants, large renewable energy projects, large water supply and wastewater projects, new airports and airport extensions, and major road and rail projects. The NSIP nomenclature began to be used in 2008, and since April 2012 these projects have been managed by the Planning Inspectorate.
Grievea
Grievea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes two species native to Southwest Australia.

Grievea brachytropis (Benth.) R.L.Barrett & Orthia

Grievea craigiana (C.F.Wilkins, Orthia & Crisp) Orthia & R.L.Barrett

The species were formerly included in Pultenaea. Phylogenetic studies found Pultenaea to be paraphyletic relative to several other mirbelioid genera. Russell L. Barrett et al. analysed recent phylogenetic data on Pultenaea species and found five distinct lineages, which the authors recognised as distinct genera – Pultenaea sensu stricto, the reinstated Euchilus, and the newly described genera Grievea, Jennata, and Loricobbia.

Pultenaea
Pultenaea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 127 species which are endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are shrubs with simple leaves and orange or yellow flowers similar to others in the family but with the standard petal equal to or slightly longer than the other petals.
Gmina Świnice Warckie
Gmina Świnice Warckie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Świnice Warckie, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Łęczyca and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 93.95 square kilometres (36.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,114.

Łęczyca County
Łęczyca County (Polish: powiat łęczycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łęczyca, which lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 774 square kilometres (298.8 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 53,435, out of which the population of Łęczyca was 15,423 and the rural population was 38,012.
Hoshi Meguri no Uta
Hoshi Meguri no Uta (星巡りの歌, lit. 'Song of the Pilgrimage of the Stars') is a piece of music composed in the pentatonic scale by Kenji Miyazawa in 1918. It was notated by Fujiwara Katōji. It is featured in his 1934 novel Night on the Galactic Railroad as well as its 1985 animated adaptation, where it appears in a music box arrangement by Shimizu Osamu and Haruomi Hosono. Its name in Esperanto is La Kanto de la Rondiro de la Steloj.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Pentomic
Pentomic (cf. Greek pent(e)- + -tome "of five parts") was a structure for infantry and airborne divisions adopted by the US Army between 1957 and 1963 in response to the potential use of tactical nuclear weapons on future battlefields. It was intended that the five subordinate units, which were often referred to as battle groups (to distinguish them from traditional units), would be able to deploy and engage in operations more rapidly than conventional brigades while also having greater offensive capabilities than conventional battalions.

One US Army publication defines the pentomic division as "a public relations term designed to combine the concept of five subordinate units ('penta') with the idea of a division that could function on [either] an atomic or nonatomic battlefield".

Several other countries also temporarily adopted similar structures in their armed forces, at around the same time as the US example, including France (from 1955), Australia, Turkey, and Spain.

Combat command
A combat command was a combined-arms military organization of comparable size to a brigade or regiment employed by armored forces of the United States Army from 1942 until 1963. The structure of combat commands was task-organized and so the forces assigned to a combat command often varied from mission to mission.
Dennis Ceylan
Dennis Ceylan (born 3 March 1989) is a Danish professional boxer. He was born in Høje Taastrup, but grew up in Aarhus and is a member of boxing club BK Aarhus. Ceylan is a former EBU European featherweight champion.

As an amateur he competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics as a bantamweight.

In September 2012, Ceylan turned professional with Sauerland fighting at super featherweight.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Cavendish memorial fountain
The Cavendish memorial fountain  is a drinking fountain erected in 1886 at Bolton Abbey, North Yorkshire, England as a memorial to Lord Frederick Cavendish following his murder in Phoenix Park by the Irish National Invincibles in May 1882.  The fountain is a Grade II listed building.

Bolton Abbey
Bolton Abbey Estate in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England, takes its name from a 12th-century Augustinian monastery of canons regular, now known as Bolton Priory. The priory, which was closed in the 1539 Dissolution of the Monasteries ordered by King Henry VIII, is in the Yorkshire Dales, which lies next to the village of Bolton Abbey.

The estate is open to visitors, and includes many miles of all-weather walking routes. The Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway terminates at Bolton Abbey station one and a half miles/2.5 km from Bolton Priory.
Angelina Muñiz-Huberman
Angelina Muñiz-Huberman (Spanish pronunciation: [aŋxeˈlina muˈɲis uˈβeɾman]; born December 29, 1936) is a Mexican writer, academic, poet and professor. She is known for her work and research on Ladino, crypto-Judaism, Jewish mysticism and Sephardic Jews. Muñiz-Huberman is a recipient of the Xavier Villaurrutia Award and the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize. In 2022, she received an honorary doctorate from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) for a lifetime's work, an honor she shares with such figures as John Dewey, Octavio Paz and Juan Rulfo.

Miguel León-Portilla
Miguel León-Portilla (22 February 1926 – 1 October 2019) was a Mexican anthropologist and historian, specializing in Aztec culture and literature of the pre-Columbian and colonial eras. Many of his works were  translated to English and he was a well-recognized scholar internationally. In 2013, the Library of Congress of the United States bestowed on him the Living Legend Award.
Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election
The following is a timeline of major events leading up to and immediately following the United States presidential election of 2008. The election was the 56th quadrennial United States presidential election. It was held on November 4, 2008, but its significant events and background date back to about 2002. The Democratic Party nominee, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, defeated the Republican Party's nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona.

John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign
The 2008 presidential campaign of John Edwards, former United States Senator from North Carolina and Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, began on December 28, 2006, when he announced his entry into the 2008 presidential election in the city of New Orleans near sites devastated by Hurricane Katrina. On January 30, 2008, Edwards returned to New Orleans to announce that he was suspending his campaign for the Presidency. On May 14, 2008, he endorsed Barack Obama at a campaign event in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Wine cellar
A wine cellar is a storage room for wine in bottles or barrels, or more rarely in carboys, amphorae, or plastic containers. In an active wine cellar, important factors such as temperature and humidity are maintained by a climate control system. In contrast, passive wine cellars are not climate-controlled, and are usually built underground to reduce temperature swings. An aboveground wine cellar is often called a wine room, while a small wine cellar (fewer than 500 bottles) is sometimes termed a wine closet. The household department responsible for the storage, care and service of wine in a great mediaeval house was termed the buttery.  Large wine cellars date back over 3,700 years.

Wine bottle
A wine bottle is a bottle, generally a glass bottle, that is used for holding wine. Some wines are fermented in the bottle while others are bottled only after fermentation. Recently the bottle has become a standard unit of volume to describe sales in the wine industry, measuring 750 millilitres (26.40 imp fl oz; 25.36 US fl oz). Wine bottles are produced, however, in a variety of volumes and shapes.

Wine bottles are traditionally sealed with a cork, but screw-top caps are becoming popular, and there are several other methods used to seal a bottle.
Stretchable microelectrode array
Stretchable microelectrode arrays (stretchable MEAs or sMEAs) (also referred to as stretchable multielectrode arrays) are a specialized type of microelectrode array (MEA) with a key advantage; they can be deformed, stretched, bent, and twisted while maintaining electrical functionality whereas standard MEAs break upon mechanical loading. Flexible MEAs (flexMEA), which are often confounded with stretchable MEAs, lie in between stretchable MEAs and standard MEA in terms of their mechanical properties because they bend and twist to some degree, but not stretch. 
Just like traditional MEAs, stretchable MEAs consist of a few thousand microelectrodes that allow recording or stimulation of electrical signals from cells (neurons, muscles, etc.), and are used in vivo in a living being or in vitro with cell cultures.

Implant
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue. The surface of implants that contact the body might be made of a biomedical material such as titanium, silicone, or apatite depending on what is the most functional.  In 2018, for example, American Elements developed a nickel alloy powder for 3D printing robust, long-lasting, and biocompatible medical implants. In some cases implants contain electronics, e.g. artificial pacemaker and cochlear implants. Some implants are bioactive, such as subcutaneous drug delivery devices in the form of implantable pills or drug-eluting stents.