hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pelite
A pelite (from Ancient Greek  πηλός (pēlós) 'clay, earth') or metapelite is a metamorphosed fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone. The term was earlier used by geologists to describe a clay-rich, fine-grained clastic sediment or sedimentary rock, i.e. mud or a mudstone, the metamorphosed version of which would technically have been a metapelite. It was equivalent to the now little-used Latin-derived term lutite. A semipelite is defined in part as having similar chemical composition but being of a crystalloblastic nature.

Pettijohn (1975) gives the following descriptive terms based on grain size, avoiding the use of terms such as clay or argillaceous which carry an implication of chemical composition. The Ancient Greek terms are more commonly used for metamorphosed rocks, and the Latin for unmetamorphosed:

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Bijeljani
Bijeljani (Serbian Cyrillic: Бијељани) is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census the village had a population of 138 people. A monastery was once located in Bijeljani, Dabarsko polje, Stolac. There is also a mosque in the village.

Bileća
Bileća (Serbian Cyrillic: Билећа) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,476 inhabitants, while the municipality has 10,807 inhabitants.
Phillips Memorial Cloister
The Phillips Memorial Cloister is a Grade II listed memorial in Godalming, Surrey, dedicated to Jack Phillips, a senior wireless operator who worked for the Marconi Company aboard the Titanic.

The memorial was built in 1913 following Phillips' death aboard the Titanic, located alongside the Phillips Memorial Garden in the church grounds of St Peter's and St Paul's in Godalming. Restoration work was carried out in 2012 for the centenary of the Titanic's sinking. By around that time it had become popular with visitors as well as researchers. It has been said to be the largest memorial associated with the sinking of the Titanic.

The memorial bears an inscription that reads:

S.O.S
This cloister is built
in memory of
John George Phillips
a native of this town
Chief wireless telegraphist of
the ill-fated S.S. Titanic
he died at his post
when the vessel foundered
in mid-Atlantic
on the 15th day of
April 1912

Church of St Peter & St Paul, Godalming
The Church of St. Peter and St. Paul is a parish church of the Church of England in Godalming, Surrey. The parish is mostly urban and excludes rural outskirts, it includes another church, St Mark's, in which the joint clergy provide less formal and family services.

The present building, the oldest in the town, was built in the twelfth century, replacing an earlier Anglo-Saxon church. Two medieval chapels are integrated into the present building. Its core is made from the local sandstone, Bargate stone from the nearby Greensand Ridge, which is found close to the town. Also found around the church is the old Lammas, or 'common', land.

The church is set on the town centre thoroughfare, Church Street, in the urban part of the market town that doubles as a commuter and retirement town and is a Grade I-listed building.
Bismuth subcitrate
Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a bismuth salt used in combination with antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.

A fixed-dose combination with the antibiotics metronidazole and tetracycline is sold under the trade name Pylera.

Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline
The drug combination bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline (trade name Pylera) is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer with an infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It is taken by mouth.

It is available as a generic medication.
Omitama
Omitama (小美玉市, Omitama-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 48,776 in 18,311 households and a population density of 337 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 30.0%. The total area of the city is 144.74 square kilometres (55.88 sq mi).

Lake Kasumigaura
Lake Kasumigaura (霞ヶ浦, Kasumigaura) is the second-largest lake in Japan, located 60 km to the north-east of Tokyo.

In a narrower sense and officially, Lake Kasumigaura refers to a waterbody with an area of 167.63 km2. In a wider sense, Lake Kasumigaura can also refer to a group of contiguous lakes, which includes Lake Kasumigaura proper, hereby referred to as Nishiura (西浦), and two smaller lakes, Kitaura (北浦; 35.16 km2 ) and Sotonasakaura (外浪逆浦; 5.85 km2 ), and also encompasses the rivers connecting them. In this case the total area is 220 km2.

About 45% of the land surrounding the lake is natural landscape and 43.5% is agricultural land.
René Hamel
Joseph-Irénée-René Hamel (February 9, 1910 – December 16, 1982) was a local politician in Quebec, Canada.  He served as Member of the Canadian Parliament and as Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Shawinigan
Shawinigan (English: /ʃəˈwɪnɪɡən/; French: [ʃawiniɡan] ⓘ) is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada. It had a population of 49,620 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

Shawinigan is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Shawinigan. Its geographical code is 36. Shawinigan is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-Maurice.

The name Shawinigan has had numerous spellings over time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawénégan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouénigane. It may mean "south portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage", or "summit" or "crest". Before 1958, the city was known as Shawinigan Falls.

Shawinigan is the birthplace of former Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien.
Talbot School of Theology
Talbot School of Theology is an evangelical Christian theological seminary located near Los Angeles. Talbot is one of the nine schools of Biola University, located in La Mirada, California. Talbot is nondenominational and known for its conservative theological positions, particularly its historical adherence to biblical inerrancy.

Evangelical Theological Society
The Evangelical Theological Society (ETS) is a professional society of Biblical scholars, educators, pastors, and students "devoted to the inerrancy and inspiration of the Scriptures and the gospel of Jesus Christ" and "dedicated to the oral exchange and written expression of theological thought and research."
Blabomma
Blabomma is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Cybaeidae, and was first described by R. V. Chamberlin & Wilton Ivie in 1937. Originally placed with the funnel weavers, it was moved to the Dictynidae in 1967, and to the Cybaeidae in 2017.

Cybaeidae
Cybaeidae is a family of spiders first described by Nathan Banks in 1892. There are small to large sized entelegyne spiders, which are ecribellate. The diving bell spider or water spider Argyroneta aquatica was previously included in this family, but is now in the family Dictynidae. The distribution of this species resembles closely a typical Holarctic biogeography, with all of their species being found in the northern hemisphere. Where they have a tendency to live beneath rocks or woody debris in shaded and cool forest habitats, but they can also be found in caves, ant nests, and moss on tree trunks. They are morphologically defined as spiders which have three claws, a single row of tarsal trichobothria, and posterior lateral spinnerets which lack a cribellum.

Most of the cybaeid genera are very species rich, as they have a large number of very short-range endemic species.
Frank P. Ramsey
Frank Plumpton Ramsey (/ˈræmzi/; 22 February 1903 – 19 January 1930) was a British philosopher, mathematician, and economist who made major contributions to all three fields before his death at the age of 26. He was a close friend of Ludwig Wittgenstein and, as an undergraduate, translated Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus into English. He was also influential in persuading Wittgenstein to return to philosophy and Cambridge. Like Wittgenstein, he was a member of the Cambridge Apostles, the secret intellectual society, from 1921.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Persoz pendulum
A Persoz pendulum is a device used for measuring hardness of materials. The instrument consists of a pendulum which is free to swing on two balls resting on a coated test panel. The pendulum hardness test is based on the principle that the amplitude of the pendulum's oscillation will decrease more quickly when supported on a softer surface. The hardness of any given coating is given by the number of oscillations made by the pendulum within the specified limits of amplitude determined by accurately positioned photo sensors. An electronic counter records the number of swings made by the pendulum

Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.

Generally recognized as safe
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts under the conditions of its intended use. An ingredient with a GRAS designation is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements.

Some examples of substances recognized as GRAS include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), citric acid, and salt, which are all commonly used in food preservation and flavoring. The concept of food additives being "generally recognized as safe" was first described in the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, and all additives introduced after this time had to be evaluated by new standards.
Civilisation I
Civilisation I is the fourth extended play (EP) by British band Kero Kero Bonito. It was released on 30 September 2019, shortly after the single "When the Fires Come". In a press release for its sequel EP, Civilisation II, the band describes the EP as a concept album, where they "envisioned a historically-ambiguous alternate-reality". The EP marks another change in terms of the band's musical style; eschewing many of the guitar-driven shoegaze influences of TOTEP and Time 'n' Place, instead drawing heavily on synth-pop and dream pop. Lyrically, the EP explores concepts of society, war, religion, and environmentalism. The band released a follow-up to the EP on 21 April 2021. Both EPs along with an additional track, "Gateway", were merged into a compilation album, titled simply Civilisation and released on 10 September 2021.

Time 'n' Place
Time 'n' Place is the second studio album by British indie pop band Kero Kero Bonito, released on 1 October 2018 through Polyvinyl Record Co in North America and self-released worldwide. It is their first album released under Polyvinyl. Produced by the band's multi-instrumentalist Gus Lobban, it includes the previously released singles "Only Acting" (which was also featured on their TOTEP), "Time Today", and "Make Believe". Musically, the album marks a stylistic departure from the band's previous electronic musical efforts, showcasing a mix of indie rock, noise, shoegaze, dream pop, experimental pop, and synth-pop musical styles.
Fire and Ambulance Services Academy
22°18′23″N 114°16′20″E﻿ / ﻿22.3062955°N 114.2722743°E﻿ / 22.3062955; 114.2722743

The Fire and Ambulance Services Academy is a firefighter training facility owned and operated by the Hong Kong Fire Services Department. It is located in Pak Shing Kok, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong. It was opened on 16 March 2016.

It contains a mockup of an MTR train station named Pak Shing Kok.

Hong Kong Fire Services Department
The Hong Kong Fire Services Department is an emergency service responsible for firefighting and rescue on land and sea. It also provides an emergency ambulance service for the sick and the injured and gives fire protection advice to the public. It is under the Secretary for Security who heads the Security Bureau.
Maine State Route 228
State Route 228 (SR 228) is a state highway located in Aroostook County in northeastern Maine. It begins at State Route 164 in Washburn and runs north, then east, to State Route 161B in Caribou. SR 228 is signed as an east–west highway but occupies an alignment resembling an inverted letter V. It provides local access to Perham and Woodland which are bypassed by SR 164 between Washburn and Caribou. It is the only highway in Maine to have a designated truck route (see below).

Maine State Highway System
The Maine State Highway System is maintained by the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT) as a system of numbered highways, defined as the "connected main highways throughout the state which primarily serve arterial or through traffic." As of 2006, 22,236 miles (35,785 km) of roadway are included in the highway system, including Interstate highways, U.S. Routes, state highways, and other urban and rural local roads.
Great Lakes Transmission
Great Lakes Transmission is a natural gas pipeline that brings gas from western Canada through Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan before re-entering Canada.  Along the way it provides gas to ANR Pipeline.  Its FERC code is 51.

The pipeline was opened in 1967, running 2,115 miles (3,404 km) between Emerson, Manitoba and St. Clair, Michigan. The system has 14 compressor stations capable of transporting up to 2,400 million cubic feet (68 million cubic metres) per day.

The pipeline is operated by Great Lakes Gas Transmission L.P., headquartered in Houston, TX.

Emerson, Manitoba
Emerson is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district (LUD) in south central Manitoba, Canada, located within the Municipality of Emerson – Franklin. It has a population of 660 as of the 2021 Canada census.
Marketing activation
Marketing activation is the execution of the marketing mix as part of the marketing process. The activation phase typically comes after the planning phase during which managers plan their marketing activities and is followed by a feedback phase in which results are evaluated with marketing analytics.

Depending on the business objective, two types of marketing activation can be used as part of a marketing strategy.

Brand activation, sometimes called brand engagement which focuses on building a longer term emotional connection between the brand and the customer.

Activation based on direct-response marketing will focus on generating immediate sales transactions.

Direct marketing
Direct marketing is a form of communicating an offer, where organizations communicate directly to a pre-selected customer and supply a method for a direct response. Among practitioners, it is also known as direct response marketing. In contrast to direct marketing, advertising is more of a mass-message nature.
Response channels include toll-free telephone numbers, reply cards, reply forms to be sent in an envelope, websites and email addresses.

The prevalence of direct marketing and the unwelcome nature of some communications has led to regulations and laws such as the CAN-SPAM Act, requiring that consumers in the United States be allowed to opt-out.
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor
In the field of molecular biology, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors (RORs) are a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that are important in regulating skeletal and neuronal development, cell migration and cell polarity. ROR proteins (ROR1 and ROR2 in humans) can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt ligands.

Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins.
Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases lead to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression. The receptors are generally activated by dimerization and substrate presentation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, encompassing the receptor tyrosine kinase proteins which contain a transmembrane domain, as well as the non-receptor tyrosine kinases which do not possess transmembrane domains.
The Awakener (film)
The Awakener is a 1969 Indian anthropological ethnographic film on Meher Baba, produced by Jagat Murari, Mushir Ahmad and distributed by Films Division of India. The stock footage starring Meher Baba, and Eruch Jessawala is directed, compiled, and edited by D. B. Rana with narration by Roshan Taneja.

Stock footage
Stock footage, and similarly, archive footage, library pictures, and file footage is film or video footage that can be used again in other films. Stock footage is beneficial to filmmakers as it saves shooting new material. A single piece of stock footage is called a "stock shot" or a "library shot". Stock footage may have appeared in previous productions but may also be outtakes, footage shot for previous productions and not used, or shot in order to be sold. Examples of stock footage that might be utilized are moving images of cities and landmarks, wildlife in their natural environments, and historical footage. Suppliers of stock footage may be either rights managed or royalty-free. Many websites offer direct downloads of clips in various formats.
Garad Jama Garad Ali
Garad Jama Garad Ali (Somali: Garaad Jamaac Garaad Cali) is the 21st supreme traditional clan Sultan (Garaad) of the Dhulbahante. He has significant influence in Somalia's current politics, particularly in Ssc-Khatumo.

Ali Khalif Galaydh
Ali Khalif Galaydh (Somali: Cali Khalif Galaydh, Arabic: علي خليف غلير) (15 October 1941 – 8 October 2020) was a Somali politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the transitional Somalia administration from 8 October 2000 to 28 October 2001. Galaydh had extensive experience in public policy, diplomacy, public administration, and business. He taught these subjects at public universities in the United States. Additionally, Galaydh was the president of the Khaatumo state. In 2017, he signed an agreement with the Somaliland government which stipulated the amendment of Somaliland's constitution, this would’ve promoted peace and stability throughout the regions of Sool, sanaag and cayn.
Ornament (music)
In music, ornaments or embellishments are musical flourishes—typically, added notes—that are not essential to carry the overall line of the melody (or harmony), but serve instead to decorate or "ornament" that line (or harmony), provide added interest and variety, and give the performer the opportunity to add expressiveness to a song or piece. Many ornaments are performed as "fast notes" around a central, main note.

There are many types of ornaments, ranging from the addition of a single, short grace note before a main note to the performance of a virtuosic and flamboyant trill. The amount of ornamentation in a piece of music can vary from quite extensive (it was often extensive in the Baroque period, from 1600 to 1750) to relatively little or even none. The word agrément is used specifically to indicate the French Baroque style of ornamentation.

Tremolo
In music, tremolo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtrɛːmolo]), or tremolando ([tremoˈlando]), is a trembling effect. There are multiple types of tremolo. It is either the rapid repetition of a note, alternation between two different notes, or variation in volume.

Tremolos may be either measured, in which the exact rate of repetition or oscillation is specified, or unmeasured, in which it is not (the understanding being in that case that it should be performed as rapidly as possible).
Trần Minh Vương
Trần Minh Vương (born 28 March 1995) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for V.League 2 club Trường Tươi Đồng Nai.

He was once one of the few young Vietnamese players highly appreciated for his tactical thinking as well as techniques, especially his long-range shooting and free-kick ability.

2018 Vinaphone Cup
The 2018 Vinaphone Cup (also known as the tenth edition of VFF Cup) is an international Olympic association football friendly tournament, sponsored by Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (VNPT) with the competition is named after Vinaphone, a subsidiary-mobile network which is part of VNPT. Vietnam as the hosts use the tournament as their preparation for the Asian Games held in Indonesia.

Vietnam emerged as the tournament champions with 7 points ahead the rest teams.