hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lady of the Lions
NIN-UR.MAH.MEŠ (𒎏𒌨𒈤𒎌 Akkadian: Bēltu-nēšēti), or the "Lady" of the Lions, was the author of two letters to the pharaoh, the King of Ancient Egypt, in the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Her name is a representation of the original written script characters of Babylonian  'Sumerograms' , "NIN- + UR.MAH + (plural:MEŠ)", and means, "woman–lion–plural", namely: "Lady (of the) Lions". (See: NIN for "lady"). The Amarna letters are mostly written in Akkadian cuneiform, with local words/phrases/etc due to various city-states or countries.

The name or location of her city/city-state are not stated in her letter. Generally, she is theorized to have been a ruler of Beit Shemesh.

Also called "Mistress of the Lionesses", she was a female "king" who ruled Beit Shemesh around 1350 BCE.

Milkilu
Milki-ilu of Gezer (Milkilu, Milk-ilu, Ili-Milku), was the mayor/ruler of the Land of Gazru (Gezer) around 1350 BC. He is known as the son-in-law of Tagi of Ginti-Kirmil and cooperating with Labaya of Shechem, during a period of turmoil among the vassals of Egypt. He is accused of being a rebel, employing mercenaries from the Habiru men (lu2-meš ḫa-bi-ri).

He is known from several letter in that Amarna Archive. There is one letter from the King of Egypt to Milki-ilu (EA 369), there are five letters from Milki-ilu to the King of Egypt (EA 267-271), and several letters from other mayors mentioning Milki-ilu.

He is one of several known mayors of Gezer. Adda-danu and Yapahu were also mayors of Gazru.

The Amarna Period was characterized by the heretic king Akhenaten, succeeded by the boy-king Tutankhamen. Canaan consisted of smaller city-states and vassals of Egypt. At the same time, Suppiluliuma I of Hatti attacked Tushratta of Mitanni for control over Syria.
Buddhism and Jainism
Buddhism and Jainism are Eastern religions that developed in the Indian subcontinent. The Buddha and Mahavira are generally accepted as contemporaries. Jainism and Buddhism share many features, terminology, and ethical principles, but emphasize them differently. Both are śramaṇa ascetic traditions that posit it is possible to attain liberation from the cycle of rebirths and deaths (samsara) through spiritual and ethical disciplines. They differ in some core doctrines, such as those on asceticism, Middle Way versus Anekantavada, and self versus non-self (jiva, atta, anatta).

Jain monasticism
Jain monasticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community and can be divided into two major denominations: the Digambara and the Śvētāmbara. The monastic practices of the two major sects vary greatly, but the major principles of both are identical. Five mahāvratas (Great Vows), from Mahavira's teachings, are followed by all Jain ascetics of both the sects. Historians believe that a united Jain sangha (community) existed before 367 BCE, about 160 years after the moksha (liberation) of Mahavira. The community then gradually divided into the major denominations. However, no evidence indicate when the schism between the Digambaras and the Śvetāmbaras happened.
Floralia
The Floralia was a festival of ancient Roman religion in honor of the goddess Flora, held on 27 April during the Republican era, or 28 April in the Julian calendar. The festival included Ludi Florae, the "Games of Flora", which lasted for six days under the empire.

The festival had a licentious, pleasure-seeking atmosphere. In contrast to many festivals which had a patrician character, the games of Flora were plebeian in nature.

Glossary of ancient Roman religion
The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized. Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans. This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Christian Church. This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.

For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities. For public religious holidays, see Roman festivals. For temples see the List of Ancient Roman temples. Individual landmarks of religious topography in ancient Rome are not included in this list; see Roman temple.
Istedgade
Istedgade (also called Strassen) is a 1-kilometer straight street in the district of Vesterbro in the Danish capital, Copenhagen. It starts at Copenhagen Central Station and runs parallel to Vesterbrogade to Enghave Plads and Enghaveparken. From the station in the cheap hotel district, it runs through the porn, prostitution and drugs area to modern Vesterbro, where 1900s tenement style blocks have undergone significant modernisation. It is generally considered the heart of Vesterbro and was a main traffic artery until 2013 where the street had traffic reducing measures installed.

Vesterbrogade
Vesterbrogade (Danish pronunciation: [vestɐˈpʁoˌkɛːðə]) is the main shopping street of the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The 1.5 km long street runs from the City Hall Square in the east to Pile Allé in Frederiksberg in the west where it turns into Roskildevej. On its way, it passes Copenhagen Central Station as well as the small triangular square Vesterbros Torv. It is one of four such -bro streets, the other being Nørrebrogade, Østerbrogade and Amagerbrogade.
UGC 5832
UGC 5832 is an barred spiral galaxy in Leo. It is considered a galaxy of interest because it is lopsided, containing only one arm. This resulted in it being classified by Halton Arp, creator of the Arp catalog, as a galaxy undergoing 'wind effects', meaning it is undergoing interaction with another galaxy.  The galaxy it is interacting with is a small dwarf galaxy, CGCG 065-090.

It has 29 known regions of star formation. Lopsided galaxies usually have low star formation, however UGC 5832 was found to have star formation  levels comparable to that of an average spiral of elliptical galaxy.

It is a member of the NGC 3338 Group.

Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966. A total of 338 galaxies are presented in the atlas, which was originally published in 1966 by the California Institute of Technology. The primary goal of the catalog was to present photographs of examples of the different kinds of peculiar structures found among galaxies.
Nichirin-ji
Nichirin-ji (日輪寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Uenonomiya neighborhood of the town of  Daigo, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Tendai school of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon is a statue of Jūichimen Kannon Bosatsu.  The temple's full name is Yamizo-zan Nichirin-ji (八溝山日輪寺).The temple is the 21st stop on the Bandō Sanjūsankasho pilgrimage route.

Daigo, Ibaraki
Daigo (大子町, Daigo-machi) is a town located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the town had an estimated population of 15,771 in 6431 households and a population density of 48.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (125/sq mi). The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 46.6%. The total area of the town is 325.76 square kilometres (125.78 sq mi).
Lucas Chevalier
Lucas Eugène Chevalier (French pronunciation: [lykɑ ʃəvalje]; born 6 November 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team.

Trophées UNFP du football
The Trophées UNFP du football are a number of awards given annually by the Union Nationale des Footballeurs Professionnels (UNFP) to players playing in France's Ligue 1, Ligue 2, and Division 1 Féminine, as well as to managers and referees. The most prestigious award is the Ligue 1 Player of the Year. Created in 1988 under the name Oscars du football, they were renamed in 2004 after a complaint by the Academy Awards committee. The ceremony has been broadcast live on Canal+ since 1994.
Mai Murakami
Mai Murakami (村上茉愛, Murakami Mai; born 5 August 1996) is a retired Japanese artistic gymnast and Olympic medalist. She won a gold medal on the floor exercise at the 2017 World Championships, becoming the first Japanese female gymnast to win a world title in 63 years. She also won the floor exercise title at the 2021 World Championships and won the all-around silver medal at the 2018 World Championships. She represented Japan at the 2016 and 2020 Olympics, winning a bronze medal on the floor exercise in the latter. This made her the first Japanese female gymnast to win an individual Olympic medal.

American Cup (gymnastics)
The American Cup is an elite senior level international gymnastics competition that held in the United States. It was an individual competition from 1976 to 2020 and resumed in 2026 in a mixed team format. It is usually held in February or March of each year.
Royal Lao Navy
The Royal Lao Navy (Lao: ກອງທັບເຣືອພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ; French: Marine Royale Laotiènne – MRL) was the naval component of the Royal Lao Armed Forces (FAR), the official military of the Royal Lao Government and the Kingdom of Laos during the Laotian Civil War between 1960 and 1975.

Pakse
Pakse (or Pakxe; French: Paksé; Laotian: ປາກເຊ [pȁːk séː] 'mouth of the river') is the capital and most populous city of the southern Laotian province of Champasak. Located at the confluence of the Xe Don and Mekong Rivers, the district had a population of approximately 77,900 at the 2015 Laotian census.
W*ING Alliance
The W*ING Alliance was a Japanese professional wrestling group that existed in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) between 1994 and 1997. The group consisted of wrestlers from the W*ING promotion, which ended in March 1994 due to FMW hiring the top tier talent of W*ING and the W*ING alumni wanted to avenge the demise of the company from FMW and the company's owner Atsushi Onita in storyline.

Tarzan Goto
Seiji Goto (後藤政二, Gotō Seiji; August 16, 1963 – May 29, 2022), better known by his ring name Tarzan Goto (ターザン後藤), was a Japanese professional wrestler who  wrestled on the independent circuit most of his career. He is best known for his exploding steel cage matches against Atsushi Onita in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW).
Vietnamese two-child policy
Vietnam had a population policy in some form for over 60 years, between 1963 and 2025. It was originally launched by the communist government in  North Vietnam in the early 1960s and continued throughout the country in modified forms even after the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976. The policy historically emphasized an official family-size goal of một hoặc hai con, which means "one or two children."

In 2014, Vietnam had an estimated population of 92.5 million people, which represented 1.28% of the total world population. As of 2020, the total fertility rate of Vietnam was approximately 2.0, close to the replacement-level fertility of 2.1, the rate "at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next" according to the World Resources Institute.

In 2025, due to a sub-replacement fertility rate, the communist government lifted all regulations regarding the number of children families are allowed to have.

Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.
4-2-2-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-2-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, four independently driven driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels. The arrangement became known as double single.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
1979 American League Championship Series
The 1979 American League Championship Series was a best-of-five series that was the semifinal on the American League side of the 1979 postseason, which pitted the East Division champion Baltimore Orioles against the West Division champion California Angels, who were making their first postseason appearance. The Orioles won the Series three games to one and lost to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1979 World Series.

This was the only ALCS between 1971 and 1981 that did not feature either the Oakland Athletics or the Kansas City Royals.

American League Championship Series
The American League Championship Series (ALCS) is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two League Championship Series comprising the penultimate round of Major League Baseball's (MLB) postseason. The winner of the ALCS wins the AL pennant and advances to the World Series, MLB's championship series, to play the winner of the National League's (NL) Championship Series. The ALCS began in 1969 as a best-of-five playoff and used this format until 1985, when it changed to its current best-of-seven format.
Sebastian Deisler
Sebastian Toni Deisler (German pronunciation: [zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈdaɪslɐ]; born 5 January 1980) is a German former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder and attacking midfielder.

A Borussia Mönchengladbach youth product, he played one season with the club during which it was relegated from the Bundesliga. He joined Hertha BSC in 1999 before leaving for Bayern Munich in 2002. He also represented the Germany national team between 2000 and 2006.

Having been hailed as the future of German football at the turn of the millennium, Deisler could never manage to reach his full potential due to several cruciate ligament ruptures and other major injuries, as well as depression. Deisler retired from professional football in January 2007 at the age of 27.

2002–03 Bundesliga
The 2002–03 Bundesliga was the 40th season of the Bundesliga. It began on 9 August 2002 and concluded on 24 May 2003. This was the first season where the defending champions kicked–off the opening match.
Viktoriagade
Viktoriagade is a street in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Vesterbrogade in the northwest to Halmtorvet in the southeast and is intersected by Istedgade. The three buildings at No. 8-12 are listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places.

Vesterbrogade
Vesterbrogade (Danish pronunciation: [vestɐˈpʁoˌkɛːðə]) is the main shopping street of the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The 1.5 km long street runs from the City Hall Square in the east to Pile Allé in Frederiksberg in the west where it turns into Roskildevej. On its way, it passes Copenhagen Central Station as well as the small triangular square Vesterbros Torv. It is one of four such -bro streets, the other being Nørrebrogade, Østerbrogade and Amagerbrogade.
Talbot (dog breed)
The Talbot (also known as the St. Hubert Hound) was a  type of hunting hound common in England during the Middle Ages. It is depicted in art of the period as small to medium-sized, white in colour, with short legs, large powerful feet, a deep chest with a slender waist, long drooping ears, and a very long curled tail. It is shown in one well-known example at Haddon Hall with a fierce facial expression. It is now extinct, but is believed to be an ancestor of the modern Beagle and Bloodhound. It is uncertain whether it was a scenthound (bred for the quality of its nose), a sighthound (bred for the quality of sight and speed), or a dog used for digging out quarry, nor is it known what type of quarry it hunted, whether deer, fox, boar, etc.

Carter-Campbell of Possil
Carter-Campbell of Possil (also known as Campbell of Possil) is a branch of Clan Campbell, a Scottish clan. The Campbells of Possil were originally  located in Argyll; and the Carters were an Irish family: the Carter-Campbell name was first used in 1864, following marriage.

Descendants include Duncan Carter-Campbell of Possil OBE and George Carter-Campbell.
Deaths in April 2013
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2013.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

Pulitzer Prize for Music
The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: "For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year."

Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received only one performance. In 2004, the terms were modified to read: "For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year."
Dušan Đorđević (basketball)
Dušan Đorđević (Cyrillic: Душан Ђорђевић; born 29 March 1983) is a Serbian former professional basketball player. He is most known for his successful 12 seasons as the captain of Belgian club Oostende.

Đorđević plays the point guard and is well known for his play making and leadership abilities. During his career he has won multiple championships in different countries, including Slovenia, Belgium and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

With Oostende, he won twelve consecutive Belgian League championships and seven Belgian Cups. Individually, he was named the league MVP in 2014 and 2015, and was named the Belgian Cup MVP three times.

2015–16 Belgian Basketball Cup
The 2015–16 Belgian Basketball Cup season was the 62nd edition of the national cup competition for men's basketball in Belgium. Telenet Oostende won its 17th Cup title. Khalid Boukichou of Oostende was named the Most Valuable Player of the tournament.
Gimmestad Church
Gimmestad Church (Norwegian: Gimmestad kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gloppen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sørstranda, right along the shore of the Gloppefjorden. It is one of the four churches for the Gloppen parish which is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1910 by the architect Niels Stockfleth Darre Eckhoff. The church seats about 315 people.

Gloppefjorden
Gloppefjorden is a fjord in Gloppen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) long fjord flows from the village of Sandane in the southeast to its mouth at the Nordfjorden in the northwest. The river Gloppeelva is the primary inflow on the fjord. The river comes from the large lake Breimsvatnet. The 2.7-kilometre (1.7 mi) wide fjord has a lot of settlements along the inner parts of the fjord, especially on the eastern side of the fjord. The most notable village areas are Sandane, Vereide, and Sørstranda. The European route E39 highway runs along the eastern side of the fjord. Sandane Airport, Anda is located near the mouth of the fjord.
Lee Moriarty
Julian Lee Moriarty (born June 6, 1994) is an American professional wrestler and artist. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the ring name Lee Moriarty (tweaked from his real name) and is a member of Shane Taylor Promotions. He also performs for its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is the reigning ROH Pure Champion in his first reign.

Pro Wrestling eXpress
Xpress Wrestling (formerly known as Pro Wrestling eXpress (PWX), also known as NWA East) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in North Versailles, Pennsylvania in 1994 by Jim Miller and Sean "Shocker" Evans. It was the longest-running promotion in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area before its folding in 2025. PWX was the main rival of Steel City Wrestling during the 1990s and was an affiliate of the National Wrestling Alliance from 1997 to 2012. PWX held a prominent role in the organization during this period. It was part in the annual NWA Anniversary Shows from 1998 to 2000 and brought national and world NWA champions to audiences in the East Coast of the United States. The promotion also collaborated with non-NWA members on the local independent circuit holding several interpromotional shows with Chris Lash's Allied Powers Wrestling Federation (2002; 2009–2010) and participated in Deaf Wrestlefest (2010).
Helen Craik
Helen Craik (c. 1751 – 11 June 1825) was a Scottish poet and novelist. She has been known as a correspondent of the Scottish poet Robert Burns, whom she praised for being a "native genius, gay, unique and strong" in an introductory poem she inscribed on his Glenriddell Manuscripts. More recent scholarship has focused on her own life and writings, rather than her link to Burns.

Glenriddell Manuscripts
The Glenriddell Manuscripts is an extensive collection written in holograph by Robert Burns and an amanuensis of his letters, poems and a few songs in two volumes produced for his then friend Captain Robert Riddell, Laird of what is now Friars Carse in the Nith Valley, Dumfries and Galloway. The two volumes of the manuscript were handsomely bound in calf leather. The first volume of poems and songs was completed by April 1791 and was presented to Robert Riddell, however their friendship ceased due to the unfortunate 'The Rape of the Sabine Women' incident and Robert Riddell died shortly after before any reconciliation could take place. The first volume is partly in Burns's hand with one main amanuensis contributing much of the text in a far neater hand than the author himself and a possible third person contributing to the text. The second volume is entirely in Burns's hand.
History of the oil shale industry in the United States
The history of the oil shale industry in the United States goes back to the 1850s; it dates back farther as a major enterprise than the petroleum industry. Although the United States contains the world's largest known resource of oil shale, the US has not been a significant producer of shale oil since 1861.  There were three major past attempts to establish an American oil shale industry: the 1850s; in the years during and after World War I; and in the 1970s and early 1980s. Each time, the oil shale industry failed because of competition from cheaper petroleum.

As of 2014, there are a number of companies doing research and development on oil shale deposits in Colorado and Utah, but there is no commercial production of oil from shale in the United States.

Ashland Global
Ashland, Inc., is an American chemical company headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware. The company began as an oil refinery in the city of Ashland, Kentucky, in 1924, before moving to Wilmington in 1994. The company has five wholly owned divisions, which include Chemical Intermediates and Solvents, composites, industrial specialties, personal and home care, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and agriculture. Until 2017, the company was the primary manufacturer of Valvoline.