hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Iowa State Auditor election
The 2022 Iowa State Auditor election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the Iowa Auditor of State, concurrently with an election to the U.S. Senate, governor, U.S. House of Representatives, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 7, 2022.

Incumbent Democratic auditor Rob Sand narrowly won re-election to a second term in office against Republican nominee Todd Halbur. Sand was the only Democrat to win statewide office in Iowa in 2022, with Democrats losing control of the Attorney General and Treasurer's offices, as well as failing to capture any other statewide offices. Halbur conceded the race on November 18.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the State of Iowa, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. These were the first congressional elections held in Iowa after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

Republicans won all four House seats, making this the first time since 1994 that Democrats had been completely shut out of Iowa's House delegation. This also marks the first time since 1956 that there are no Democrats in Iowa's Congressional delegation.
Food browning
Browning is the process of food turning brown due to the chemical reactions that take place within. The process of browning is one of the chemical reactions that take place in food chemistry and represents an interesting research topic regarding health, nutrition, and food technology. Though there are many different ways food chemically changes over time, browning in particular falls into two main categories: enzymatic versus non-enzymatic browning processes.

Browning has many important implications on the food industry relating to nutrition, technology, and economic cost. Researchers are especially interested in studying the control (inhibition) of browning and the different methods that can be employed to maximize this inhibition and ultimately prolong the shelf life of food.

Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H8O6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish.  It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions.  It is a mild reducing agent.

Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The l isomer is the one most often encountered: it occurs naturally in many foods, and is one form ("vitamer") of vitamin C, an essential nutrient for humans and many animals. Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, formerly a major disease of sailors in long sea voyages. It is used as a food additive and a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties. The "d" form (erythorbic acid) can be made by chemical synthesis, but has no significant biological role.
2008 ICC Awards
The 2008 ICC Awards were held on 10 September 2008 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Previous events were held in London (2004), Sydney (2005), Mumbai (2006) and Johannesburg (2007). The ICC had been hosting ICC Awards since 2004 and was into its fifth year. They were presented in association with the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations (FICA) and honours for the Twenty20 International Performance of the Year were also awarded for the first time. The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, which is considered to be the most prestigious award in world cricket.

2006 ICC Awards
The 2006 ICC Awards were held on 3 November 2006 in Mumbai, India. The annual awards had been instigated in London in 2004 and in 2005 they were announced in Sydney. They were sponsored by Hyundai and conducted during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. For the first time, honours for both Captain of the Year and Women's Cricketer of the Year were awarded.
2019 Southeast Asian haze
A large air pollution crisis affected several countries in Southeast Asia from February to September 2019, including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Thailand began to experience a haze in February that lasted until May, peaking in March and April. Indonesia began to experience haze between June and July. Malaysia was affected from August, while Singapore, Brunei, and Vietnam experienced haze in September.

It was the latest occurrence of the Southeast Asian haze, a long-term issue that occurs in varying intensity during every dry season in the region. It was mainly caused by forest fires resulting from illegal slash-and-burn clearing performed on behalf of the palm oil industry in Indonesia, principally on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo, which then spread quickly in the dry season.

National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure
The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (Indonesian: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, lit. 'Disaster Countermeasure National Agency'), abbreviated as BNPB, is the Indonesian board for natural disaster affairs. It was established in 2008 to replace the National Coordinating Board for Disaster Management (Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana or Bakornas PB). BNPB is directly responsible to the President of Indonesia and the chairman is directly appointed by the President.
1981 UK Athletics Championships
The 1981 UK Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for the United Kingdom held at Antrim Stadium, Antrim. It was the first time that a national track and field championship was held in Northern Ireland.

It was the fifth edition of the competition limited to British athletes only, launched as an alternative to the AAA Championships, which was open to foreign competitors. However, because the calibre of national competition remained greater at the AAA event, the UK Championships this year were not considered the principal national championship event by some statisticians, such as the National Union of Track Statisticians (NUTS). Many of the athletes below also competed at the 1981 AAA Championships.

1981 AAA Championships
The 1981 AAA Championships sponsored by Nationwide was the 1981 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 7 to 8 August 1981 at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London, England.
Monts-Valin National Park
Parc National des Monts-Valin (French: Parc national des Monts-Valin, pronounced [paʁk nɑsjɔnal de mɔ̃ valɛ̃]) is one of twenty-nine national parks of Quebec, managed by the Quebec Outdoor Establishments Company (Sépaq). Located in Saguenay, the highest point of the region is found in Monts-Valin at Dubuc peak, as well as several other peaks reaching over 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level. It was established in 1996 to conserve a representative example of Mount Valin. For many years, the park has been a destination of choice for all outdoor enthusiasts, both summer and winter.

National Parks of Quebec
The national parks of Quebec are provincial parks created by the government of Quebec to protect territories representative of natural regions of the province or sites of exceptional character, while making them accessible to the public for education and/or recreation. As of 2023, there are 28 such parks in Quebec, which protect an area of 42,765.57 kilometres (26,573.29 mi), or about 2.8% of the territory of the province. All but four parks are administered by the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq). Those four are administered by Nunavik Parks. In addition, Sépaq jointly administers a National Marine Conservation Area with Parks Canada as part of the country's national park system.

Despite the name "national park", the parks on this list are provincial parks, and are not part of Canada's national park system.
Preloge pri Šmarju
Preloge pri Šmarju (pronounced [ˈpɾeːlɔɡɛ pɾi ˈʃmaːɾju]) is a small settlement near Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical Styria region and the entire Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Šmarje pri Jelšah
Šmarje pri Jelšah (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾjɛ pɾi ˈjeːlʃax]; German: Sankt Marein bei Erlachstein) is a town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The development of the settlement is associated with a medieval mansion known as Jelšingrad on a slight hill northwest of the town.

The local parish church is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary (Slovene: Sveta Marija Vnebovzeta) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It dates to the late 13th century with 18th- and 19th-century additions.

The best-known landmark near the town is Saint Roch's Church in the settlement of Predenca south of the town and the series of chapels representing Calvary and the Stations of the Cross on the path leading up to the church from the town.
2025 San Marino Open
The 2025 San Marino Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. The 32nd edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour, took place in City of San Marino, San Marino between 14 and 20 July 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Murder of the Notorious B.I.G.
On March 9, 1997, 24-year-old American rapper Christopher Wallace, known professionally as the Notorious B.I.G., was murdered in a drive-by shooting. He was pronounced dead at 1:15 AM. in Los Angeles, California. Prior to the event, Wallace promoted his second studio album Life After Death, and attended an after-party in Los Angeles instead of taking a scheduled trip to London.

In 2007, Wallace's mother, Voletta Wallace; his widow, Faith Evans; and his children, T'yanna Jackson and C. J. Wallace, filed a $400 million wrongful death lawsuit against the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) alleging that corrupt officers were responsible for Wallace's death. Retired LAPD officer Greg Kading alleged that Suge Knight, the head of Death Row Records, orchestrated the murder in revenge for the September 1996 murder of Tupac Shakur in a similar drive-by shooting.

C. J. Wallace (actor)
Christopher Jordan Wallace (born October 29, 1996), also known as CJ and Lil Biggie is an American actor and entrepreneur. He is the son of the late rapper The Notorious B.I.G and American singer Faith Evans.
Cowboy Rim
Cowboy Rim is a cliff that runs along the Continental Divide in the Animas Mountains of Hidalgo County, New Mexico. It runs west from a point at 31°36′34″N 108°41′37″W﻿ / ﻿31.60944°N 108.69361°W﻿ / 31.60944; -108.69361 to its highpoint is at an elevation of 6,591 feet (2,009 meters) at 31°36′36″N 108°39′31″W﻿ / ﻿31.61000°N 108.65861°W﻿ / 31.61000; -108.65861 just east of Elephant Butte. Here Cowboy Rim overlooks the Gillespie Creek valley below it to the north, and the Continental Divide runs along this section of the rim, then turns of to the south-southwest from the highpoint, along a ridge west of Elephant Butte Canyon. Cowboy Rim continues eastward to Elephant Butte then turns south-southeastward to 31°32′52″N 108°37′22″W﻿ / ﻿31.54778°N 108.62278°W﻿ / 31.54778; -108.62278. This section of the Rim overlooks the Playas Valley below it to the east.

Elephant Butte Canyon
Elephant Butte Canyon or Lawhorn Canyon is a canyon in the Animas Mountains of Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Its stream is a tributary of Walnut Creek.  Its mouth is located at elevation 5,535 feet / 1,687 feet at its confluence with Walnut Creek, just below Lawhorn Tank. Its source is located at 3.5 miles north northeast of its mouth 31°36′25″N 108°39′20″W﻿ / ﻿31.60694°N 108.65556°W﻿ / 31.60694; -108.65556 at an elevation of 6,050 feet (1,840 meters) on the southwest slope of Elephant Butte.
James Willie (Texas politician)
James Willie of Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia, (5 Jan 1823-1863) was a Texas lawyer, legislator, and attorney general. In 1846, he was elected to represent Washington County in the first Legislature of Texas. He was the principal author of the Texas Penal Code of 1856. He was elected Attorney General of Texas in 1856. He died in Houston in 1863. He was married to Sallie Johnson.

Texas Attorney General
The Texas attorney general is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Texas. The current officeholder, Republican Ken Paxton, has served in the position since January 5, 2015. He joined the office on September 18, 2023 and his current term ends on January 1, 2027.
Barju Rural Municipality
Barju (Nepali: बर्जु गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of six rural municipality located in Sunsari District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 12 municipalities in Sunsari in which 6 are urban and 6 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Barju has an area of 69.43 square kilometres (26.81 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 36,533 as of Census of Nepal 2021.

Ramganj Belgachhiya, Amaduwa, Amahibelaha and Chimdi which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Amahibelaha.

Amaduwa
Amaduwa is a village development committee in Sunsari District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4715 people living in 857 individual households.
Hancock Field (California)
Hancock Field is a former airport and military airfield about 2 miles (3.2 km) south-southeast of Santa Maria, California.   Also known as Santa Maria Municipal Airport, the airport was closed about 1959 and today is the site of Allan Hancock College.

Santa Maria, California
Santa Maria (Spanish for "St. Mary") is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, it is approximately 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Santa Barbara and 150 miles (240 km) northwest of Los Angeles. Its population was 109,707 at the 2020 census. The city is notable for its wine industry and Santa Maria–style barbecue.
Master of the Darup Altarpiece
The Master of Darup or Westphalian Master, was an anonymous German painter active in Westphalia around 1420. His work is influenced by that of Conrad von Soest; his name is derived from the altarpiece in the parish church of Darup, whose central panel, a Crucifixion, uses delicate colors which appear to have been influenced by French miniature painting.

Conrad von Soest
Conrad von Soest, also Konrad in modern texts, or in  Middle High German Conrad van Sost or "von Soyst", (born around 1370 in Dortmund; died soon after 1422) was the most significant Westphalian artist and painted in the so-called soft style of International Gothic. He played a leading role in the introduction of this International Courtly Style to Northern Germany around 1390 and influenced German and Northern European painting into the late 15th century. He was the master of a thriving workshop and was accepted into the social circle of the cosmopolitan patrician elite of Dortmund. Dortmund was then a leading and very prosperous member of the influential Hanseatic League.
Independent School League (New England)
The Independent School League (ISL) is an athletic conference of sixteen private college-preparatory schools in Greater Boston. Its parent organization is the New England Preparatory School Athletic Council (NEPSAC). Founded in 1948, the ISL sponsors competitions in twenty-five sports.

The ISL hosts some of the nation's oldest high school athletic rivalries, including Milton-Nobles and Groton-St. Mark's, both of which date back to 1886.

Phillips Exeter Academy
Phillips Exeter Academy (also known as Exeter or PEA) is an independent, co-educational, college-preparatory school in Exeter, New Hampshire. Established in 1781, it is America's sixth-oldest boarding school and educates an estimated 1,100 boarding and day students in grades 9 to 12, as well as postgraduate students.

Exeter houses the world's largest high school library. The academy admits students on a need-blind basis and offers free tuition to students with family incomes under $125,000. Its list of notable alumni includes U.S. president Franklin Pierce, U.S. politician Daniel Webster, over 35 U.S. congresspeople, six governors of U.S. states, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, three Medal of Honor recipients, and three Nobel Prize recipients.
Triangulation (chess)
Triangulation is a tactic used in chess to put one's opponent in zugzwang (a position in which it is a disadvantage to move). Triangulation is also called losing a tempo or losing a move.

Triangulation occurs most commonly in endgames with only kings and pawns when one king can maneuver on three adjacent squares in the shape of a triangle and maintain the basic position while the opposing king only has two such squares.  Thus, if one king triangulates by using three moves to return to the original square and the opposing king cannot do the same, he has lost a crucial tempo and reached the same position with the other player to move.  Triangulation can occur in other endgames and even in some middlegames.

Chess middlegame
The middlegame is the portion of a chess game between the opening and the endgame. It is generally considered to begin when each player has completed the development of all or most of their pieces and brought their king to relative safety, and it is generally considered to end when only a few pieces remain on the board. However, there is no clear line between the opening and middlegame or between the middlegame and endgame. At master level, the opening analysis may go well into the middlegame; likewise, the middlegame blends into the endgame.

Theory on the middlegame is less developed than the opening or endgames. Since middlegame positions are unique from game to game, memorization of theoretical variations is not possible as it is in the opening. Likewise, there are usually too many pieces on the board for theoretical positions to be completely analyzed as can be done in the simpler endgames.
Britannia Royal Naval College
Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth, also known as Dartmouth, is the naval academy of the United Kingdom and the initial officer training establishment of the Royal Navy. It is located on a hill overlooking the port of Dartmouth, Devon, England. Royal Naval officer training has taken place in Dartmouth since 1863. The buildings of the current campus were completed in 1905. Earlier students lived in two wooden hulks moored in the River Dart. Since 1998, BRNC has been the sole centre for Royal Naval officer training.

Royal Naval Academy
The Royal Naval Academy was a facility established in 1733 in Portsmouth Dockyard to train officers for the Royal Navy. The founders' intentions were to provide an alternative means to recruit officers and to provide standardised training, education and admission. In 1806 it was renamed the Royal Naval College and in 1816 became the Royal Naval College and the School for Naval Architecture. It was closed as a training establishment for officer entrants in 1837 and for lieutenants and above in 1873.
Habo Mission Covenant Church
The Habo Mission Covenant Church (Swedish: Habo missionskyrka) is a church building in Habo, Sweden. Belonging to both the Uniting Church in Sweden and the Swedish Alliance Mission. the current church building was opened in March 1983.

Habo
Habo (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhɑ̌ːbʊ] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Habo Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 12,216 inhabitants in 2019. Habo Church is located circa 4 kilometres to the southwest.
Mairehau High School
Mairehau High School is a state co-educational secondary school in Mairehau, Christchurch, New Zealand. The school takes its name from the suburb Mairehau having been adopted in 1916 as a compliment to Mrs Mairehau Hutton whose father, Arthur Gravenor Rhodes, owned considerable property in the area and was a notable benefactor to the district.

The school is located at the northeast end of the suburb, near to Shirley, thus forming a coeducation alternative to Shirley Boys' High School, and Avonside Girls' High School. Mairehau High School opened on 1 February 1961, having been constructed on the advice of the Department of Statistics.

Shirley Boys' High School
Shirley Boys' High School (Māori: Ngā Tama o Ōruapaeroa), also known as SBHS, is a single sex state (public) secondary school in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was originally situated on a 6 hectare site in the suburb of Shirley, but in April 2019 moved, along with Avonside Girls' High School, further east to the former QEII Park, 8.6 kilometres from the city centre.
Michael Grade
Michael Ian Grade, Baron Grade of Yarmouth (born 8 March 1943) is an English television executive and businessman. He has held a number of senior roles in television, including controller of BBC1 (1984–1986), chief executive of Channel 4 (1988–1997), chairman of the board of governors of the BBC (2004–2006), and executive chairman of ITV plc (2007–2009). He sat as a Conservative Party life peer in the House of Lords from 2011 until after his appointment as chair of Ofcom, beginning in May 2022, and became a non-affiliated peer.

Chair of the BBC
The Chair of the BBC, referred to as Chairman when the incumbent is male and Chairwoman when female, is the head of the BBC Board, responsible for maintaining the independence of the BBC and overseeing the functioning of the BBC to fulfil its mission. The chair leads the process for appointing the Director-General and can dismiss the Director-General. The chair of the BBC also acts as the corporation's most senior representative to Parliament and the government, including the devolved administrations.

The chair is formally appointed by the King-in-Council, on the advice of the Secretary of State for a four-year term. The current chairman, Dr Samir Shah, succeeded chairwoman Dame Elan Closs Stephens on 4 March 2024.
Bloomfield Avenue station
Bloomfield Avenue station is an open-cut station on the Newark City Subway Line of the Newark Light Rail, located at Bloomfield Avenue on the west side of Branch Brook Park, near its main entrance. Connections are available here for Bloomfield Avenue bus service on four lines for service between Newark and Paterson, Wayne, Montclair, West Caldwell, and Parsippany-Troy Hills. The station has elevators allowing access to passengers with disabilities.

Newark Light Rail
The Newark Light Rail (NLR) is a light rail system serving Newark, New Jersey, and surrounding areas, owned by New Jersey Transit and operated by its bus operations division. The service consists of two segments, the original Newark City Subway (NCS), and the extension to Broad Street station. The City Subway opened on May 26, 1935, while the combined Newark Light Rail service was officially inaugurated on July 17, 2006.