hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stella, South Africa
Stella is a cattle farming town situated in North West Province of South Africa between Vryburg and Mafikeng.

The large salt pan on the outskirts of town, especially well known for the number of lions in the area, was visited by a number of early European travellers, including David Livingstone and Robert Moffat.

The first white people settled in the area in 1882, and the following year a fight broke out between the baTlhaping and the Korana under David Mossweu. A large number of white mercenaries fought on both sides of the conflict, and when the war ended they were given land to farm in return for their services. Under their leader, Van Niekerk, they proclaimed their area the Republic of Stellaland, after a comet which had been visible while the fighting was going on. Electricity was introduced only in 1973.

The Stella Beesfees (Cattle Festival) is held every year during October. The town has a high school, but this also houses the nursery and primary pupils.

Vryburg
Vryburg (/fraɪbərɡ/) is a large agricultural town with a population of approximately 89,120  situated in the Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality of the North West Province of South Africa. It is the seat and the industrial and agricultural heartland of the district of the Bophirima region.
Widing
Widing is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Widing (born 1982), Swedish ice hockey player

Juha Widing (1947–1984), Swedish ice hockey player

Tim Widing (born 1997), Swedish golfer

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
1990 Philips Open São Paulo
The 1990 Philips Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Hotel Transamerica in São Paulo, Brazil that was part of the World Series category of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and took place from 22 October through 28 October 1990. Seventh-seeded Robbie Weiss, who entered the main draw as a lucky loser, won the singles title.

1990 ATP Tour
The 1990 IBM ATP Tour was the first season of the ATP Tour, the newly formed single world tennis circuit which came in replacing the two dual tours the ITF Grand Prix Circuit and WCT Circuit. It was the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals. In 1990 the IBM ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour World Championships, the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series and the ATP World Series. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Jaska Raatikainen
Jaska Raatikainen (born 18 July 1979) is a Finnish musician who was the drummer and co-founder of the melodic death metal band Children of Bodom from 1993 until its disbandment in 2019, and as of the band's reunion in 2025, he is the only remaining original member left in the current lineup. Raatikainen is currently in the project called Mercury Circle.

Henkka Seppälä
Henri Seppälä (born 7 June 1980), also known as Henkka T. Blacksmith, is the former bassist of the Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom from 1996 to 2019. He is also responsible for backing vocals both in studio and live. In 2020 he announced he would be joining the band Moon Shot as their bassist.

Henkka is a very common nickname for Henri and seppä means blacksmith in English. The reason he has a T. in the middle of his name is his nickname being Torso.
Singsås Municipality
Singsås is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The 765-square-kilometre (295 sq mi) municipality existed from 1841 until its dissolution in 1964. Singsås Municipality encompassed the eastern part of what is now Midtre Gauldal Municipality in Trøndelag county. The administrative center was the village of Singsås, where the Singsås Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 765.3-square-kilometre (295.5 sq mi) municipality was the 121st largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Singsås Municipality was the 522nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,598. The municipality's population density was 2.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.4/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 7.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
The Dying Swan
The Dying Swan (originally The Swan) is a solo dance choreographed by Mikhail Fokine to Camille Saint-Saëns's Le Cygne from Le Carnaval des animaux as a pièce d'occasion for the ballerina Anna Pavlova, who performed it about 4,000 times. The short ballet (four minutes) follows the last moments in the life of a swan, and was first presented in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1905. The ballet has since influenced modern interpretations of Odette, heroine of Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, and has inspired non-traditional interpretations as well as various adaptations.

Le cygne
"Le cygne", pronounced [lə siɲ], or "The Swan", is the 13th and penultimate movement of The Carnival of the Animals by Camille Saint-Saëns. Originally scored for solo cello accompanied by two pianos, it has been arranged and transcribed for many instruments but remains best known as a cello solo.
Bible translations in the Middle Ages
Bible translations in the Middle Ages went through several phases, all using the Vulgate. In the Early Middle Ages, written translations tended to be associated with royal or episcopal patronage, or with glosses on Latin texts; in the High Middle Ages with monasteries and universities; in the Late Middle Ages, with lay and priestly uses to study the daily or weekly liturgical readings, especially with the advent of printing. Some popular movements caused, when the movement were associated with violence, official crackdowns on various kinds of vernacular scripture in Spain, England and France.

Bible translations
The Christian Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.

According to a major Bible translation organization, as of August 2025 the full Protestant Bible has been translated into 776 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,798 languages, and smaller portions have been translated into 1,433 other languages. Thus, at least some portions of the Bible have been translated into 4,007 languages, out of a total of 7,396 known languages (including sign languages).

Textual variants in the New Testament include errors, omissions, additions, changes, and alternate translations. In some cases, different translations have been used as evidence for or have been motivated by doctrinal differences.
2004 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2004 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 104th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 26 January 2004. The championship began on 2 May 2004 and ended on 4 December 2004.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 10 October 2004, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4–14 to 4–07 defeat of Ballygunner in the final at Walsh Park. It was their 34th championship title overall and their third title in succession.

Lismore's Dave Bennett was the championship's top scorer with 4–52.

2003 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2003 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 103rd staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897. The championship began on 15 August 2003 and ended on 9 November 2003.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 9 November 2003, Mount Sion won the championship after a 1–14 to 1–10 defeat of Ballygunner in a final replay at Walsh Park. It was their 33rd championship title overall and their second title in succession.

Lismore's Seán Daly was the championship's top scorer with 6–20.
Mount Batok
Mount Batok is a cinder cone located in East Java, Indonesia. This volcano has an elevation of 2,440 metres (8,005 ft) above sea level, and is located between four regencies: Probolinggo Regency, Pasuruan Regency, Lumajang Regency, and Malang Regency. The location of Mount Batok is west from Mount Bromo. This mountain is one of the inactive volcanoes located within the Tengger caldera. Mount Batok is part of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park.

Mount Batok is often misidentified as the nearby Mount Bromo due to its prominence in the caldera, and its position in front of the more flat Bromo crater as viewed from their most popular viewpoints along the northern rim.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Jio
Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (d/b/a Jio) is an Indian telecommunications company and a subsidiary of Jio Platforms, headquartered in Navi Mumbai. It operates a national LTE network with coverage across all 22 telecom circles. Jio offers 4G, 4G+ and 5G NR services all over India. Its 6G service is in the works.

Jio was soft launched on 27 December 2015 with a beta for partners and employees, and became publicly available on 5 September 2016. It is the largest mobile network operator in India and the third largest mobile network operator in the world with over 50.6 crore (506 million) subscribers.

Reliance Retail
Reliance Retail is an Indian retail company and a subsidiary of Reliance Industries. Founded in 2006, it is the largest retailer in India in terms of revenue. Its retail outlets offer foods, groceries, apparel, footwear, toys, home improvement products, electronic goods, and farm implements and inputs. As of 2023, it has over 245,000 employees at 18,000 store locations in 7,000 towns.
Gmina Dobroń
Gmina Dobroń is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dobroń, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Pabianice and 23 km (14 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 94.37 square kilometres (36.4 sq mi), and as of 2025 its total population is 7,677.

Pabianice County
Pabianice County (Polish: powiat pabianicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pabianice, which lies 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Konstantynów Łódzki, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Pabianice.

The county covers an area of 490.77 square kilometres (189.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 119,008, out of which the population of Pabianice was 70,445, that of Konstantynów Łódzki 17,564, and the rural population was 30,999.
John Grant of Freuchie (d. 1622)
John Grant of Freuchie (c. 1568 – 1622) was a Scottish landowner.

John was the fifth laird of Freuchie, now called Castle Grant, a mile north of Grantown-on-Spey. His other property was Ballachastell, near Inverness.

He was the eldest son of Duncan Grant (d. 1582) and Margaret Mackintosh. John Grant became head of the family when his grandfather, also John Grant, died in 1585.

Castle Grant
Castle Grant stands a mile north of Grantown-on-Spey and was the former seat of the Clan Grant chiefs of Strathspey in Highlands, Scotland. It was originally named Freuchie Castle but was renamed Grant in 1694. The castle is a Category A listed building and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland. The castle was sold by the Grant family in 1983, remaining in private ownership since.
Buffalo Central Terminal
Buffalo Central Terminal is a historic former railroad station in Buffalo, New York. An active station from 1929 to 1979, the 17-story Art Deco style station was designed by architects Fellheimer & Wagner for the New York Central Railroad. The Central Terminal is located in the city of Buffalo's Broadway-Fillmore district. Closed since 1979, several attempts to redevelop the site were unsuccessful.  In February 2024 a new development team was formed to plan a reuse for the terminal.

Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway
The Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway (reporting mark THB) was a railway based in Hamilton that ran in Southern Ontario from 1892 to 1987. It never reached the other two cities in its name, though it had branch lines extending to Dunnville and Port Maitland.
Arrup asiaticus
Arrup asiaticus is a species of soil centipede in the family Mecistocephalidae. This centipede is one of only two species of Arrup found in Central Asia. This centipede is also one of only five species in the family Mecistocephalidae found in Central Asia. This species features 41 pairs of legs in each sex and can reach 25 mm in length.

Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" comes from Ancient Greek γεω- (geo-), meaning "earth", φίλος (phílos), meaning "lover", and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "form". This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide but are absent in Antarctica and most Arctic regions.
1938 Isle of Man TT
The 1938 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy saw the Senior TT lap record of 90.27 mph set by Freddie Frith the previous year broken in 1938 when Harold Daniell completed a lap at 91.00 mph on his Norton, a record which would stand for 12 years. He won, beating Stanley Woods by only 14.4 seconds. Stanley Woods won the Junior, with Harold Daniell coming fifth, while Ewald Kluge on a DKW won the Lightweight. Kluge was the second Lightweight TT winning non-British rider in a row, Omobono Tenni having won the previous year.

Between 1931 and 1937 Norton had six Senior-TT wins with the long-stroke CamShaft One (CS1) engine. Norton entered the 1938 Senior TT with a new short-stroke engine, new telescopic front forks, and won for the 7th time, with rider Harold Daniell.

Eric Oliver, who later won 4 sidecar World Championships, was entered this year, but retired his Norton from the Junior TT with a broken chain.

Junior TT
The Junior TT is a motorcycle road race that takes place during the Isle of Man TT festival; an annual event at the end of May and beginning of June. Between 1949 and 1976 this race was part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.
Big Sandy Milling Company
The Big Sandy Milling Company, in Louisa, Kentucky was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

It has also been known as the Louisa Supply Company, the Louisa Flour & Feed Co., and as Louisa Milling Company. It was located on Pike St. between Lock Ave. and railroad tracks.

It was a three-story post-and-beam structure with a full basement.  The posts were 12 inches (0.30 m) to 14 inches (0.36 m) square.

It was deemed significant as it probably was Louisa's oldest extant industrial and commercial establishment and it had "reinforced Louisa's regional status as a trade town, as it would bring area farmers here to trade their grain or to get it processed", and it was "a rare example of post and beam/mortise and tenon construction of such a large building for Eastern Kentucky."

The building appears to have been demolished by 2014.

Louisa, Kentucky
Louisa is a home-rule class city in Lawrence County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is the county seat. It is at the merger of the Levisa and Tug Forks into the Big Sandy River, which forms part of the state's border with West Virginia. The population was 2,679 at the 2020 census.
1947 Salon Grand Prix
The 3rd Grand Prix du Salon was a Formula One motor race held on 16 November 1947 at the Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry, in Montlhéry near Paris.

The 48-lap race was won by Talbot-Lago driver Yves Giraud-Cabantous. Eugène Chaboud in another Talbot-Lago was second and Charles Pozzi was third in a Delahaye. Talbot-Lago driver Louis Chiron started from pole but failed to finish, as did Raymond Sommer who set fastest lap in a Maserati.

Talbot-Lago
Talbot-Lago was a French automobile manufacturer based in Suresnes, Hauts de Seine, outside Paris. The company was owned and managed by Antonio Lago, an Italian engineer that acquired rights to the Talbot brand name after the demise of Darracq London's subsidiary Automobiles Talbot France in 1936.

Under Lago's managing, the company produced a range of automobiles that included sport and racing cars; in some cases, the bodies of the vehicles were designed by coachbuilding companies such as Figoni et Falaschi. Talbot-Lago faced financial problems; as a result, Lago sold the company to Simca in 1959.
St. Elisabeth Gasthuis, Haarlem
The St. Elisabeth Gasthuis (EG) is a former hospital complex of buildings founded in 1581 in Haarlem on the Gasthuisvest. The last location of the hospital on the Boerhaavelaan retains its hospital function and is part of the Spaarne Gasthuis (SG) today, formerly known as Kennemer Gasthuis (KG). The hospital complex on the Gasthuisvest was built for the "Minnebroers" monastery and was reclaimed after the Protestant reformation in 1581 and given by the city council to the hospital. As a hospital during four centuries, the complex underwent many major renovations. The main facade dates from 1871.

Frans Hals Museum
The Frans Hals Museum (formerly Stedelijk Museum van Haarlem) is a museum in the North Holland city of Haarlem, the Netherlands, founded in 1862, known as the Art Museum of Haarlem. Its collection is based on the city's own rich collection, built up from the 16th century onwards. The museum owns hundreds of paintings, including more than a dozen by Frans Hals, to whom the museum owes its name. The Frans Hals Museum is located in the Haarlem city centre, in the 17th-century Oudemannenhuis with regent's rooms. It houses the famous paintings by Frans Hals and other ancient, modern and contemporary art, as well as the museum café. Until August 2025, location Hal regularly hosted exhibitions of modern and contemporary art.
Fullscreen (aspect ratio)
Fullscreen (or full screen) refers to the 4:3 (1.33:1) aspect ratio of early standard television screens and computer monitors. Widescreen ratios started to become more popular in the 1990s and 2000s.

Film originally created in the 4:3 aspect ratio does not need to be altered for full-screen release. In contrast, other aspect ratios can be converted to full screen using techniques such as pan and scan, open matte or reframing. In pan and scan, the 4:3 image is extracted from within the original frame by cropping the sides of the film. In open matte, the 4:3 image is extracted from parts of the original negative which were shot but not intended to be used for the theatrical release. In reframing, elements within the image are repositioned. Reframing is used for entirely CG movies, where the elements can be easily moved.

Reframing (filmmaking)
In film, reframing is a change in camera angle without a cut and can include changing the focus of the scene. The term has been more often used in film criticism than in actual cinema. Critics of the technique include André Bazin, among others.

In production or post-production, reframing allows filmmakers to change a sequence without having to reshoot. For example, zooming in on an actor to edit out nudity for a movie to also be broadcast over the air. Types of reframing include: pan, tilt, zoom, crane or boom shot, dolly or trucking shot, handheld shot, tracking shot, and steadicam shot.
Ducati Vento
The Ducati Vento is a 340 cc (21 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Spanish manufacturer MotoTrans, who were licensed by Ducati to produce motorcycles under the Ducati brand name and was produced from 1978 to 1983. The model is based on the 350 'wide case' Ducati singles which the Italian Ducati factory had stopped manufacturing in 1974, but which MotoTrans continued to develop and produce. The machine had café racer styling and was intended to be a successor to the earlier 24 Horas.

Ducati singles
The Ducati singles were single cylinder motorcycles, made by Ducati from 1950 to 1974. Chief Engineer Fabio Taglioni developed a desmodromic valve system in these years, a system that opens and closes the valves using the camshaft, without the need for valve springs. This valve system has become a trademark feature of Ducati motorcycles.

In 1926, the brothers Adriano and Marcello Ducati founded Societa Scientifica Radio Brevetti Ducati, a company in Bologna producing tubes, condensers and other radio components. On June 1, 1935, the cornerstone of a factory in Borgo Panigale was laid. By 1940, the company was engaged in the manufacture of electronic equipment for the military, making the factory a target for Allied bombing. The Ducati factory at Borgo Panigale was hit badly more than once, but maintained production.
Quintus Cornelius Proculus
Quintus Cornelius Proculus was a Roman senator, who was active during the middle of the second century AD. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of November–December 146 as the colleague of Lucius Aemilius Longus. Proculus is known entirely from inscriptions.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
George Arthur Miller
George Arthur Miller (6 December 1867 – 21 February 1935), was a British polo player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics as a member of the British polo team Roehampton, which won the gold medal.

Miller was educated at Marlborough College and Trinity College, Cambridge.

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.