hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Transylvania
The Battle of Transylvania was the first major operation of Romania during World War I, beginning on 27 August 1916. It started as an attempt by the Romanian Army to seize Transylvania, and potentially knock Austria-Hungary out of the war. Although initially successful, the offensive was brought to a halt after Bulgaria's attack on Dobruja. Coupled with a successful German and Austro-Hungarian counterattack which started in mid-September, the Romanian Army was eventually forced to retreat back to the Carpathians by mid-October. The Romanian armies however managed to escape the Central Powers' attempts to completely destroy them. The Battle of Transylvania also caused the replacement of the chief of staff of the German Army and the shifting of German attention to the region, causing German offensive operations at Verdun to cease.

Brassó County
Brassó was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (south-eastern Transylvania). The capital of the county was Brassó (Brașov in Romanian, Kronstadt in German).
Starr Records
Starr Records was a record label founded by the Starr Piano Company of Richmond, Indiana. Gennett Records was also owned by Starr Piano.

Starr's first discs were vertical cut records in the mid-1910s based on Edison Records standard found in the Edison Disc Record. They were discontinued in 1917. The Starr label was continued through much of the 1920s in Canada, pressed and distributed by Compo Company Ltd., mostly issuing sides that were released in the U.S. on Gennett.

An unrelated Starr Records made records in Australia which were sold in the Coles chain.

Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.
William Firth MacGregor
William Firth MacGregor (1896–1958/73) was a painter, illustrator, and artist who immigrated to Canada in 1925. MacGregor was a central witness in the Canadian Art Fraud case of 1962 to 1964, which Toronto art dealer and owner of the Haynes Art Gallery in Toronto, Leslie W. Lewis and art dealer Neil Sharkey were convicted of fraud and sentenced to prison. More than 30 paintings, made by MacGregor, were admitted as evidence in the trial, all bearing fake signatures of Tom Thomson, A.Y. Jackson, J.E.H. MacDonald, James Wilson Morrice,  David Milne or Arthur Lismer.
Details of MacGregor's life and the art fraud case that he became embroiled in are documented in The Great Canadian Art Fraud Case: The Group of Seven & Tom Thomson Forgeries, a non-fiction book by Jon Dellandrea.

David Milne (artist)
David Milne (January 8, 1882 – December 26, 1953) was a Canadian painter, printmaker, and writer. He was profoundly different from most of his Canadian art contemporaries, especially Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven. He is sometimes referred to as the Master of Absence and known for his ability to reduce a painting to its bare essentials.
Ilyas bey Aghalarov
Ilyas bey Allahyar bey oglu Aghalarov (Azerbaijani: İlyas bəy Allahyar bəy oğlu Ağalarov, Russian: Ильяс-бек Аллахьяр-бек оглы Агаларов;  1860 – 1913), was a Russian military officer, and a colonel serving in the Russian Imperial Army.

Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/; Azerbaijani: Gəncə [ɟænˈdʒæ] ⓘ) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 335,600. The city has been a historic and cultural center throughout most of its existence. It was the capital of the Ganja Khanate until 1804; after Qajar Iran ceded it to the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, it became part of the administrative divisions of the Georgia Governorate, Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, Tiflis Governorate, and Elizavetpol Governorate. Following the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, it became a part of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, followed by the Azerbaijan SSR, and, since 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Free offer of the gospel
The free offer of the Gospel, sometimes called the well-meant offer of the gospel, in Christian theology, is the offer of salvation in Jesus Christ to all people. It is generally accepted by Calvinists, but rejected by a few small Reformed denominations, such as the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Australia, the Protestant Reformed Churches in America, the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (Dutch: Gereformeerde Gemeenten in Nederland, abbreviated GGiN) and also by some English Strict Baptists of longer standing, such as John Gill and, later, the Gospel Standard Strict Baptists.

The free offer of the Gospel was a point that the Marrow Brethren sought to defend, seeing the high Calvinists who denied the doctrine as misguided.

John Gill (theologian)
John Gill (23 November 1697 – 14 October 1771) was an English Particular Baptist theologian, Biblical scholar, and minister. He was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire, and attended Kettering Grammar School where he mastered the Latin classics and learned Greek by age 11. He was also a self-taught who learned everything from logic to Hebrew, his love for the latter remaining throughout his life.
Affinity Designer
Affinity Designer is a discontinued vector graphics editor developed by Serif for macOS, Microsoft Windows and iPadOS.

Developed as a successor to Serif’s DrawPlus and first released in 2014, Affinity Designer was part of a suite alongside Affinity Photo and Affinity Publisher, respectively a raster graphics editor and desktop publishing application.

Affinity used a perpetual license model. In 2025, following the purchase of Serif by Canva in 2024, it was replaced by the freemium Affinity application, bundling vector, raster and layout features together.

Vector graphics editor
A vector graphic editor is a computer program that enables its users to create, compose and edit images with the use of mathematical and geometrical commands rather than individual pixels. This software is used in creating high-definition vector graphic images that can be scaled indefinitely without losing their quality. The output is saved in vector graphic formats, such as EPS, ODG, or SVG.
Geography of Honduras
Honduras is a country in Central America. Honduras borders the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. Guatemala lies to the west, Nicaragua south east and El Salvador to the south west. Honduras is the second largest Central American republic, with a total area of 112,777 square kilometres (43,543 sq mi).

Honduras has a 700-kilometer (430-mile) Caribbean coastline extending from the mouth of the Río Motagua in the west to the mouth of the Río Coco in the east, at Cape Gracias a Dios. The 922 km (573 mi) southeastern side of the triangle is a land border with Nicaragua. It follows the Río Coco near the Caribbean Sea and then extends southwestward through mountainous terrain to the Gulf of Fonseca on the Pacific Ocean. The southern apex of the triangle is a 153 km (95 mi) coastline on the Gulf Fonseca, which opens onto the Pacific Ocean. In the west there are two land borders: with El Salvador as 342 km long (213 mi) and with Guatemala as 256 km long (159 mi).

Bay Islands Department
The Bay Islands (Spanish: Islas de la Bahía; pronounced [ˈislas de la βaˈi.a]) is a group of islands off the Caribbean coast of Honduras. Collectively, the islands form one of the 18 departments of Honduras. The departmental capital is Coxen Hole, on the island of Roatán.
Monument to Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Madrid)
The Statue of Vasco Núñez de Balboa is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. Located in the Ciudad Universitaria, next to the Museum of the Americas, it consists of a bronze sculpture of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, best known for his exploration across the Isthmus of Panama and the discovery of the Pacific Ocean.

Museo de América
The Museo de América is an art, archaeology, and ethnography museum in Madrid, Spain, devoted to the whole of the Americas from the Paleolithic period to the present day. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture.

The museum was established by the Spanish State and its initial pieces came from the former collection of American archaeological and ethnographic artifacts from the National Archaeological Museum, Madrid and the Prado Museum, as well as exhibiting a number of unrelated donations, deposits and purchases. It has a major collection of 18th c. casta paintings, one by Miguel Cabrera, who created a set of 16 large format casta paintings. The museum's most famous painting is by Mexican artist, Luis de Mena, of the Virgin of Guadalupe and castas on a single canvas.
Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The men's flyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1956 Summer Olympics.  The weight class was the lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 51 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 23 November to 1 December 1956. 19 boxers from 19 nations competed.

Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at the West Melbourne Stadium. A total number of 164 competitors entered from 35 nations, of whom 161 from 34 nations weighed-in and boxing was held eight nights and five afternoons. The boxing schedule began on 23 November and ended on 1 December. Ten boxing events (all men's individual) were contested.
Atlantis (franchise)
Atlantis is a media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company that began in 2001 with the release of the film Atlantis: The Lost Empire, directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise from a screenplay by Tab Murphy and produced by Don Hahn. The film was based on the legend of Atlantis, first described in the works Timaeus and Critias by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.

The franchise consists of two animated films, Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001) and Atlantis: Milo's Return (2003), as well as several video games based on the first film.

Atlantean language
The Atlantean language is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand specially for the Walt Disney Feature Animation film Atlantis: The Lost Empire. The language was intended by the script-writers to be a possible mother language, and Okrand crafted it to include a vast Indo-European word stock with its very own grammar, which is at times described as highly agglutinative, inspired by Sumerian and North American Indigenous languages.
Jeffrey Brown (professor)
Jeffrey Robert Brown (born February 16, 1968) served as the dean of the Gies College of Business of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 2015 until 2024. Previously he was the William G. Karnes Professor in the Department of Finance and  the Director of the Center for Business and Public Policy. He serves as a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and as associate director of the NBER Retirement Research Center.  Since 2009 he has served as a Trustee for TIAA, the operating company of TIAA-CREF. From October 2006 through September 2008, he served as a member of the Social Security Advisory Board. He served as a Senior Economist with the President's Council of Economic Advisers from 2001 to 2002. He earned a Ph.D. in economics from MIT (where his advisor was Jim Poterba), a Masters in Public Policy from Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Miami University.

James M. Poterba
James Michael "Jim" Poterba, FBA is an American economist who is the Mitsui Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and current National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) president and chief executive officer.
Ghost Voyage
Ghost Voyage is a 2008 horror television film produced for broadcast on the Sci Fi Channel in the United States. Its cast includes Antonio Sabato Jr., Deanna Russo, P.J. Marino and Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa. The story contains many elements of an updated Outward Bound and Between Two Worlds.

Outward Bound (film)
Outward Bound is a 1930 American pre-Code drama film based on the 1923 hit play of the same name by Sutton Vane. It stars Leslie Howard, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Helen Chandler, Beryl Mercer, Montagu Love, Alison Skipworth, Alec B. Francis, and Dudley Digges. The film was later remade, with some changes, as Between Two Worlds (1944).
Lathyrus rigidus
Lathyrus rigidus is a species of wild pea known by the common name stiff pea. It is native to the Modoc Plateau and surrounding areas in the western United States from northeastern California to Idaho. It is a plant of the sagebrush scrub and other habitat in the region. This is a perennial herb forming a clump of short, erect stems. The leaves are made up of several pairs of leaflets 1 to 3 centimeters (0.4 to 1.2 in) long each. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of two to five white or pink pea flowers, each roughly 2 cm (0.8 in) long. The fruit is a hairless legume pod.

Modoc Plateau
The Modoc Plateau lies in the northeast corner of California as well as parts of Oregon and Nevada.  Nearly 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of the Modoc National Forest are on the plateau between the Medicine Lake Highlands in the west and the Warner Mountains in the east.

Its landform is volcanic table land ranging from 4,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level, cut by many north–south faults. "Occasioned lakes, marshes, and sluggishly flowing streams meander across the plateau."

It is a thick accumulation of lava flows and tuff beds, along with many small volcanic cones. It has cinder cones, juniper flats, pine forests, and seasonal lakes. The plateau is thought to have been formed approximately 25 million years ago as a southern extension of the Columbia Plateau flood basalts.
Julia Strachey
Julia Strachey (14 August 1901 – 1979) was an English writer, born in Allahabad, India, where her father, Oliver Strachey, the elder brother of Lytton Strachey, was a civil servant. Her mother, Ruby Mayer (1881–1959), was of Swiss-German origin. For most of Julia's life she lived in England, where she worked as a model at Poiret, as a photographer and as a publisher's reader, before she embarked upon a career in novel-writing. She is perhaps best remembered for her novella Cheerful Weather for the Wedding.

Bloomsbury Group
The Bloomsbury Group was a group of associated British writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the early 20th century. Among the people involved in the group were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster, Vanessa Bell, and Lytton Strachey. Their works and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics, as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality.

Although popularly thought of as a formal group, it was a loose collective of friends and relatives closely associated with the University of Cambridge for the men and King's College London for the women, who at one point lived, worked or studied together near Bloomsbury, London. According to Ian Ousby, "although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts." The historian Raymond Williams disputed the existence of the group and the extent of its impact.
Shaanxi Red Wolves
The Shaanxi Tianze Red Wolves are a Chinese professional women's basketball club based in Weinan, Shaanxi, playing in the Women's Chinese Basketball Association (WCBA). The team is owned by the Tianze Group.

Weinan
Weinan (Chinese: 渭南; pinyin: Wèinán) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Shaanxi province, northwest China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about 60 km (37 mi) east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shanxi and Henan to the east.

The name "Weinan", literally meaning "south of the Wei River", describes the location of the city's urban districts being mostly south of the Wei River, although majority of its metropolitan area actually lies on the north side of the river.
Ravensthorpe, Peterborough
Ravensthorpe is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England.

Ravensthorpe County Primary School is located in the area with secondary pupils usually attending nearby Jack Hunt School in Netherton.

Ravensthorpe was mainly built as a part of north-west Bretton in the 1960s. It was built primarily as council housing and cheap family residencies during Peterborough's extensive growth during the 1970s and 1980s.

Bretton, Peterborough
Bretton is a settlement and civil parish on the north western edge of Peterborough, in the Peterborough district, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. Bretton has been designed as a green environment; the major roads (Bretton Gate and Way) are tree-lined and there are several large parks and playing fields. It consists of two main areas; North Bretton and South Bretton, these are divided by Bretton Centre. North Bretton has the larger population and is home to the industrial estates and most leisure facilities as well as the Crematorium. The main entrance to Milton Hall is from Bretton Way in South Bretton and Nene Park is accessed via an under pass beneath the A47.

Bretton Centre's main building is The Cresset multi-purpose venue, holding a large stage and seating, shops, a church, children's entertainment and places to eat. Bretton centre was heavily redeveloped in the early to mid 2000s..
Supare Akoko
Supare-Akoko is a town in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo State, in southwestern Nigeria. Supare is about 100 km from Akure, the state capital. It has predominantly rainforest with heavy presence of high undulating rocky and mountainous formations. The primary occupation is artisanal and commercial agriculture. CRUSH Rock Industries (Nigeria) Limited has facilities there.

Akoko
The Akoko Listenⓘare a large Yoruba cultural sub-group in the Northeastern part of Yorubaland. The area spans from Ondo State to Edo State in southwest Nigeria. The Akokos as a subgroup make up 20.3% of the population of Ondo State, and 5.7% of the population of Edo State. Out of the present 18 Local Government Councils it constitutes four; Akoko North-East, Akoko North-West, Akoko South-East and Akoko South-West, as well as the Akoko Edo LGA of Edo State. The Adekunle Ajasin University, a state owned university with a capacity for about 20,000 tertiary education students and more than 50 departments in seven faculties is located in Akungba-Akoko. A state specialist hospital is situated at Ikare Akoko, while community general hospitals are located in Oka-Akoko, Irun-Akoko and Ipe-Akoko.

Arigidi, a dialect cluster, is spoken in the LGAs of Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Ekiti East, and Ijumu.
On Yam Estate
On Yam Estate (Chinese: 安蔭邨) is a public housing estate in North Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is situated on land which was formerly the location of Shek Yam Temporary Housing Area (Chinese: 石蔭臨時房屋區) and Shek Lei Temporary Housing Area (Chinese: 石籬臨時房屋區). The estate consists of 8 residential buildings (in Phase 1 and 2) completed in 1994 and 1995.

Kwai Chung
Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town.

In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km2. Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong, Kwai Hing, Lai King, Tai Wo Hau. Kwai Chung is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong.
Ferris Foreman
Ferris Foreman (August 24, 1808 – February 11, 1901) was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier. He fought in the Mexican–American War, and was a colonel commanding a volunteer regiment and the District of Southern California during the American Civil War. He was a presidential elector for Illinois in the 1848 elections.

Fayette County, Illinois
Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,488. Its county seat is Vandalia, the site of the Vandalia State House State Historic Site.  Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area is located in the northwestern part of this county.
Tapu, New Zealand
Tapu is a locality on the western side of the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand. State Highway 25 runs through it. Coromandel is 35 km to the north, and Thames is 19 km to the south. The Tapu River flows from the Coromandel Range past the settlement and into the Firth of Thames to the west.

The "Tapu-Coroglen Road", a windy gravel road, connects it across the Coromandel Range with Coroglen in the east. The Square Kauri is on this road.

Coromandel Peninsula
36°50′S 175°35′E﻿ / ﻿36.833°S 175.583°E﻿ / -36.833; 175.583

The Coromandel Peninsula (Māori: Te Tara-o-te-Ika-a-Māui) on the North Island of New Zealand extends 85 kilometres (53 mi) north from the western end of the Bay of Plenty, forming a natural barrier protecting the Hauraki Gulf and the Firth of Thames in the west from the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its broadest point. Almost its entire population lives on the narrow coastal strips fronting the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty. In clear weather the peninsula is clearly visible from Auckland, the country's biggest city, which lies on the far shore of the Hauraki Gulf, 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the west. The peninsula is part of the Thames-Coromandel District and the Waikato Region.
Lars Krogh Jeppesen
Lars Krogh Jeppesen (born 5 March 1979) is a Danish former handball left back, coach and administrator, who played for KIF Kolding and previous Danish national team.  He has won the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship along with two bronze medals in 2004 and 2002.

DHB-Pokal
The DHB-Pokal (English: German Handball Federation Cup) is an elimination handball tournament held annually in Germany. It is the second most important handball national title in the country after the Handball-Bundesliga championship.
2005 NHK Trophy
The 2005 NHK Trophy was the final event of six in the 2005–06 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Kadoma Sports Center in Osaka on December 1–4. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2005–06 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Tango Romantica.

2005–06 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2005–06 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an elite figure skating competition held at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan from December 16 to 18, 2005. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The Grand Prix Final was the culminating event of the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series, which consisted of Skate America, Skate Canada International, Cup of China, Trophée Éric Bompard, Cup of Russia, and NHK Trophy competitions. The top six skaters from each discipline competed in the final.