hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adams Memorial
The Adams Memorial is a proposed United States presidential memorial on the National Mall to honor Founding Father and second President John Adams and his legacy. The U.S. Congress has created the Adams Memorial Commission to oversee the planning and construction of the Memorial. Commissioner Jackie Gingrich Cushman serves as the Chairman of the Adams Memorial Commission.

Commemorative Works Act
The Commemorative Works Act of 1986 (Pub. L. 99–652; 40 U.S.C. ch. 89) (CWA) is a United States federal law which bars the construction of commemorative works near the National Mall and on federal land in the National Capital Area unless they are approved by the National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission (NCMAC). The law also establishes criteria a memorial must meet in order to be approved the NCMAC, and establishes a seven-year deadline by which construction must begin or the memorial loses its congressional authorization. As of April 2014, the law has been amended five times, most notably by the Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act of 2003.
Paroria (region)
Paroria (Bulgarian: Парория, Greek: Παρορία) is a protected area in the Strandzha Mountains of southeastern Bulgaria. It is known for its old-growth forests and also for being a 14th-century monastic center led by Gregory of Sinai and his disciples such as Romylos of Vidin. The Serbian monk Grigorije of Gornjak also lived in Paroria.

Paroriais located just to the west of the villages of Zabernovo and Kalovo in Malko Tarnovo Municipality, Burgas Province (less than 30 km from the border with Turkey).

Kilifarevo
Kilifarevo (Bulgarian: Килифарево [kiliˈfarɛvo]) is a small town in central northern Bulgaria, administratively part of Veliko Tarnovo Municipality, Veliko Tarnovo Province. Previously a village, it was proclaimed a town in 1973.
Georgije Nikolajević
Georgije Nikolajević (Serbian Cyrillic: Георгије Николајевић; secular name: Đorđe Nikolajević; 20 April 1807 – 8 February 1896) was a Serbian cleric, theologian, writer, professor and later in life Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosna. He was a member of the Serbian Learned Society and the Serbian Royal Academy of Sciences.

Georgije Nikolajević was also a teacher, priest, professor of the Theological Seminary in Zadar, a member of the Consistory of the Dalmatian Diocese, rector and professor of the Sarajevo-Reljevo Theological Seminary, and a member of the Consistory of the Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna. In his later years, he was elected Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosna. He was the initiator and member of various charitable cooperatives and funds. He was also engaged in literary work and edited the Serbian Dalmatian magazine.

Stefan Stratimirović
Stefan Stratimirović (Serbian: Стефан Стратимировић;[a] 27 December 1757 – 22 September 1836) was a Serbian bishop who served as the Metropolitan of Karlovci, head of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Austrian Empire, between 1790 and 1836. Having been appointed metropolitan at the age of 33, Stratimirović maintained control over church life decisively and autonomously. He was an aid to Serbian rebel leader Karađorđe  during the First Serbian Uprising and actively participated in the suppression of Tican's Rebellion in 1807. Furthermore, he published Jovan Rajić's seminal work at a most propitious occasion.
Edzard Cirksena
Edzard Cirksena (born: Edzard Edzardisna; died: 1441) was an East Frisian chieftain at Greetsiel, Norden, Emden and Brokmerland.

He and his father Enno Edzardisna had married the last two heiresses of the great family of Syardsna from Berum; Edzard married Frauwa Cirksena; his father married her aunt Gela Cirksena.  Enno and Edzard adopted their wives' family name, which was also spelled Sirtzena, Syrtza, or Zyertza. Edzard was probably the first to spell the name as Cirksena; this spelling was retained by all later members of the family.

From his father he inherited the reign over almost all of East Frisia, albeit without the Harlingerland.

He died at an advanced age, of the plague, in 1441, one day after his stepmother Gela died.

East Frisian chieftains
The East Frisian chieftains (German: Häuptlinge, Low German: hovetlinge / hovedlinge) assumed positions of power in East Frisia during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom had markedly waned.
Martinavis
Martinavis is a genus of enantiornithine birds which existed in what is now southern France, North America and Salta Province, Argentina during the late Cretaceous period. It was named by Cyril A. Walker, Eric Buffetaut and Gareth J. Dyke in 2007, and the type species is Martinavis cruzyensis.

Enantiornithes
The Enantiornithes, also known as enantiornithines or enantiornitheans in literature, are a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense), the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era. Almost all retained teeth and clawed fingers on each wing, but otherwise looked much like modern birds externally. Over seventy species of Enantiornithes have been named, but some names represent only single bones, so it is likely that not all are valid. The Enantiornithes became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, along with Hesperornithes and all other non-avian dinosaurs.
2023 Keio Challenger
The 2023 Keio Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 16th (men's) and 6th (women's) editions of the tournament and part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Yokohama, Japan between 20 November and 3 December 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Agostinho Neto Airport
The Agostinho Neto Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Agostinho Neto) (IATA: NTO, ICAO: GVAN) was an airport located near the town of Ponta do Sol on the northern tip of the island of Santo Antão, Cape Verde. The airport was named after Agostinho Neto, an Angolan politician who lived on the island during his exile. On 7 August 1999 TACV Flight 5002 from São Pedro Airport (São Vicente) to 
Agostinho Neto Airport crashed, killing all 18 occupants. For safety reasons, the airport was closed in the 1990s. Since then, Santo Antão does not have an airport. There are plans to build a new airport near Ponte Sul, west of Porto Novo. Construction may start in the 2020s.

Cesária Évora Airport
Cesária Évora Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Cesária Évora) (IATA: VXE, ICAO: GVSV) is Cape Verde's fourth-busiest airport (after Sal, Praia, and Boa Vista), located on the island of São Vicente, nearly 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the centre of Mindelo.  It is located in the valley area in the west of the island and is north of the village of São Pedro. Its runway is 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) long and its width is 45 metres (148 ft)
Kunigami Seiya
Kunigami Aji Seiya (国頭 按司 正弥, 1591–1635), also known by his Chinese style name Ba Zuisai (馬 瑞彩), was a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

He was the sixth head of the aristocrat family called Kunigami Udun (国頭御殿). He was sent to Kagoshima as a hostage in 1614. Heard about the Siege of Osaka broke out, he requested to join the army, and received permission of Shimazu Iehisa. He wore wafuku and changed his name to Kunigami Samanokami (国頭左馬頭), and received weapons from Iehisa. Before he arrived the battlefield, the war ended. He sailed back to Ryukyu in 1616.

Aji (Ryukyu)
An aji, or anji (按司) was a ruler of a small kingdom in the history of the Ryukyu Islands. The word later became a title and rank of nobility in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It ranked next below a prince among nobility. The sons of princes and the eldest sons of aji became aji. An aji established a noble family equivalent to a Shinnōke of Japan.

The aji arose around the twelfth century as local leaders began to build Gusuku (Ryukyuan castles). Shō Hashi was an aji who later unified Okinawa Island as king. The title aji variously designated sons of the king and regional leaders. During the Second Shō Dynasty, when the aji settled near Shuri Castle, the word came to denote an aristocrat in the castle town.

A pattern for addressing a male aji began with the place he ruled and ended with the word aji, for example, "Nago Aji". For women, the suffix ganashi or kanashi (加那志) followed: "Nago Aji-ganashi".
Cabinet of Germán Busch
Germán Busch assumed office as the 36th President of Bolivia on 13 July 1937, and his term was cut short by his death on 23 August 1939. A young military officer during the Chaco War, Busch attempted to champion the cause of Military Socialism brought forth by his predecessor David Toro but, unhappy with the results produced by his few reforms, opted to declare himself dictator in April 1939 before committing suicide four months later.

Busch formed three cabinets during his 25-month presidency, constituting the 98th to 100th national cabinets of Bolivia as part of the 1936–1938 Government Junta.

Liberal Party (Bolivia)
The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal; PL) was a liberal political party in Bolivia active between 1883 and 1979. It was one of two major parties, alongside the Conservative Party, that dominated the politics of Bolivia from 1884 to 1920. The Liberals constituted the primary opposition to the Conservatives from 1884 to 1899 and ruled continuously from 1899 to 1920 after taking power in the Federal War. Liberal rule ended in 1920 when the party was ousted in a coup d'état. The Liberals remained intermittently influential and electorally competitive until the Bolivian National Revolution of 1952, and it finally lost its legal party status in 1979, during the democratic transition.
2024 Veneto Open – Doubles
Hailey Baptiste and Alycia Parks won the doubles title at the 2024 Veneto Open, defeating Miriam Kolodziejová and Anna Sisková in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–2.

Han Na-lae and Jang Su-jeong were the reigning champions, but did not participate this year.

2024 Veneto Open
The 2024 Veneto Open promoted by Regione del Veneto was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place at Via Alcide de Gasperi in Gaiba, Italy between 17 and 23 June 2024. It is the only WTA 125 event to be played on grass courts.
Jhansa
Jhansa is a town in Kurukshetra in the north Indian state of Haryana. It is situated on the banks of the Shri Markanda River. Nearby cities include Shahabad (18 km away), Pehowa, and Kurukshetra (20 km away).

Jhansa has an ancient history associated with it. "Jhansa" is a Hindi word which means "to betray". During Mahabharata war, Kaurvas betrayed Abhimanyu (son of Arjuna) and trapped him. They killed him by unethical ways. From that time, this place is known as Jhansa. This place is nearly 18 km away from Jyotisar (place where Lord Krishna delivered the holy Geeta Gyan to Arjuna).

Jhansa is run by the Gram panchayat of Jhansa. The primary occupation of its people is agriculture. The surrounding villages are Shanti Nagar, Rohti, Tangore, Mega Majra, Gogpur, and Ajrana. The approximate population of Jhansa is 20,000.

Pehowa
Pehowa (Pehowā) (old name Pitrudhak Teerth) is a town and a municipal committee in Kurukshetra district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is an important sacred Hindu pilgrimage site, related to Krishna and the Mahabharata, within the 48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra. The Hindu genealogy registers at Peohwa, Haryana are kept there at the Pruthudak Tirath on the banks of Sarasvati river.

Pehowa is visited by thousands of Hindus and Sikhs to perform the last rites (pind daan) for their ancestors and loved ones.
Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair
Toirdhealbhach Mór Ua Conchobhair (old spelling: Tairrdelbach Mór Ua Conchobair; 1088 – 1156) anglicised Turlough Mór O'Conor, was King of Connacht (1106–1156) and High King of Ireland (ca. 1120–1156).

Kingdom of Dublin
The Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin) was a Norse kingdom in Ireland that lasted from roughly 853 AD to 1170 AD. It was the first and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in Ireland, founded by Vikings who invaded the territory around Dublin in the 9th century. Its territory corresponded to most of present-day County Dublin.
KHJ-TV/FM Tower
KHJ-TV/FM Tower (now known as KCAL-TV/KRTH Tower) is a 141.4-metre (464 ft) high self-supporting radio/television tower on Mount Wilson above Los Angeles, California, near the Mount Wilson Observatory. The KHJ-TV/FM Tower was built in 1983. It is owned by CBS Corporation and used by KCAL-TV (digital channel 9, 25,000 watts), KRTH (101.1 MHz, 51,000 watts), and KPWR (105.9 MHz, 25,000 watts).

KCAL-TV
KCAL-TV (channel 9) is an independent television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is owned by the CBS News and Stations group alongside CBS West Coast flagship KCBS-TV (channel 2). The two stations share studios at the Radford Studio Center on Radford Avenue in the Studio City section of Los Angeles; KCAL-TV's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson.
3C 446
3C 446 is a quasar located in the constellation of Aquarius. Its redshift is (z) 1.404, originally believed to be located at (z) 2.065 and it was first discovered by astronomers in 1959. It is also noted as variable since it had a decrease in optical brightness by around 0.5 magnitude when observed in October 1966. It has been referred to as a blazar in addition.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
William H. Long Memorial
The William H. Long Memorial is a historic memorial building on Main Street in Hopkinton, New Hampshire. The brick, granite, and sandstone three-story building was constructed in 1890 as a memorial to a member of a prominent local family. The bequest stipulated that the building be used as a home for the local historical society, a function it continues to perform. It was also used to house the local public library. The building was designed by the Boston firm of Means & Gilbert, and is predominantly made of brick. The main entry, centered on the long wall, is recessed under a pilastered entablature topped by a semicircular tablet inscribed with the memorial inscription. Windows on the second floor are framed in ornamented stonework and topped by small oval oculus-like windows.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Hopkinton, New Hampshire
Hopkinton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,914 at the 2020 census. The town has three distinct communities: Hopkinton village, mainly a residential area in the center of the town; Contoocook, the town's business hub, located in the north; and West Hopkinton, within the more agricultural portion of the town. The town is home to the Hopkinton State Fair, adjacent to Contoocook village, and to the historic Contoocook Railroad Depot and the Contoocook Railroad Bridge, the oldest covered railroad bridge in the United States.
Santa Cruz Amilpas
Santa Cruz Amilpas  is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico and is the second smallest municipality in Oaxaca, only being bigger than Natividad. However, it is also the most densely populated municipality in Oaxaca. The municipality covers an area of 2.27 km2. 
It is part of the Centro District in the Valles Centrales region.
In 2010, the municipality had a population of 10,120.

Natividad, Oaxaca
Natividad  is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico and is the smallest municipality in Oaxaca. The municipality covers an area of 28.07 km2. 
It is part of the Ixtlán District in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 546.
Eswatini national badminton team
The Eswatini national badminton team (Swazi: Licembu lebhedminton laseSwatini) represents Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Eswatini Badminton Association.

The Eswatini junior badminton team competed in the African Junior Badminton Championships mixed team event in 2007, where the team finished in 7th place. As of 2022, the national team has been inactive and have not competed in any tournaments since 2007.

2004 Thomas & Uber Cups Preliminaries for Africa
The 2004 Thomas & Uber Cups Preliminaries for Africa were the African qualifiers for the 2004 Thomas & Uber Cup in Jakarta, Indonesia. The tournament was held at the Pretoria Showgrounds in Pretoria, South Africa. The tournament was held from 22 to 26 February 2004.
Tunisian Women's Basketball Super Cup
The Tunisian Women's Basketball Super Cup or Women's Champions Trophy, is an annual basketball super cup in Tunisian men's basketball opposing the Tunisian Women's Division I champion to the winner of the Tunisian Women's Basketball Cup. CS Sfaxien are the record holders for most titles, with a total of three.

Tunisian Women's Basketball Cup
The Tunisian Women's Basketball Cup, is the premier knockout women's basketball competition in Tunisia, established in 1965. The tournament is organised by the Tunisia Basketball Federation (FTBB).

Zitouna Sports are the record holders for most titles, with a total of thirteen. The current champion is ASF Jemmal, who won the title in the 2024–25 season.
Garshelis effect
The Garshelis effect causes springs made of magnetostrictive material to have their magnetization changed due to the compression of the spring. It is a correlation between magnetization and torsional stress. If the magnetization is due to direct current, it is the inverse of the Wiedemann effect.

It is named after Ivan Garshelis, who investigated the effect.

Wiedemann effect
The Wiedemann effect is the twisting of a ferromagnetic rod through which an electric current is flowing when the rod is placed in a longitudinal magnetic field, caused by the total helical magnetic field. It is the inverse of the Matteucci effect. It was discovered by the German physicist Gustav Wiedemann in 1858
 
. The Wiedemann effect is one of the manifestations of magnetostriction in a field formed by the combination of a longitudinal magnetic field and a circular magnetic field that is created by an electric current. If the electric current (or the magnetic field) is alternating, the rod will begin torsional oscillation.

In linear approach angle of rod torsion α does not depend on its cross-section form and is defined only by current density and magnetoelastic properties of the rod:

,

where

is current density;

is magnetoelastic parameter, proportional to longitudinal magnetic field value;

is the shear modulus.
Fortis College
Fortis College (also Fortis Institute and Fortis College of Nursing in some locations) is a private for-profit college with campuses throughout the United States and online education. It was established in 2008 and is operated by Education Affiliates and owned by JLL Partners.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Maine, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. Democrats would not win both of Maine's congressional districts again until 2018.

Maine's 1st congressional district
Maine's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Maine. The geographically smaller of the state's two congressional districts, the district covers the southern coastal area of the state. The district consists of all of Cumberland, Knox, Lincoln, Sagadahoc, and York counties, and most of Kennebec County. Located within the district are the cities of Portland, Brunswick, and Saco. The district is currently represented by Democrat Chellie Pingree.
Otodus aksuaticus
Otodus aksuaticus is an extinct species of large shark in the family Otodontidae which may represent a transitional species between Otodus obliquus and Otodus auriculatus. They are similar in overall morphology to Otodus obliquus except they have serrations on their cusps and blade. It is sometimes placed in the genus Otodus. It is mainly found in the Ypresian stage of the Eocene epoch. They have been found in the Woodstock Member of the Nanjemoy Formation of Maryland and Virginia and Ypresian sediments in Aktulagay, Kazakhstan as well as the Ypres clay in Belgium and the London Clay in the United Kingdom.

Ieper Group
The Ieper Group (Dutch: Ieper Groep; French: Groupe d'Ypres) is a group of rock strata in the subsurface of northwest Belgium. The group is subdivided into three marine formations, all formed during the Ypresian, a single age of the geologic timescale (55.8 to 48.6 million years ago, the oldest age of the Eocene epoch). Both age and group are named after the West Flemish town of Ypres, for which the Dutch name is "Ieper".
WAU! Mr. Modo Recordings
WAU/Mr. Modo Records was a record label set up by Alex Paterson and Youth. "WAU" stands for "What About Us?" (although in a 2016 interview Glover stated that it stood for "weird and unusual") and "Mr. Modo" is Adam Morris, Paterson's manager. They released several early albums by The Orb, that were mainly distributed by record labels such as Big Life. WAU!Mr. Modo Records featured Discomix releases from conscious roots reggae dub sound system artists such as Bim Sherman, Naphtali, Zulu Warriors, Manasseh, Sound Iration, Tena Stelin, as well as  many different ambient artists including Sun Electric, Blue Pearl, and Keiichi Suzuki of the Japanese band Moonriders.

Their sublabel, Inter-Modo, also released records from Juno Reactor and The Orb's collaborative side-project FFWD.

FFWD
FFWD is an eponymous album by FFWD – Robert Fripp, Thomas Fehlmann, Kris Weston, and Dr Alex Paterson.

The title is also a play on the abbreviation often used on the fast forward control of a tape deck or CD player, also referenced in the "double-arrow" graphic used on the cover.

The album peaked at #48 in the UK Albums Chart in August 1994.
Kepler-25b
Kepler-25b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Kepler-25, located in the constellation Lyra. The planet was first detected as a candidate extrasolar planet by the Kepler space telescope in 2011. It was confirmed, in 2012, by Jason Steffen and collaborators using transit-timing variations obtained by the Kepler Space Telescope.

Kepler-25
Kepler-25 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It is slightly larger and more massive than the Sun, with a luminosity 21⁄2 times that of the Sun. With an apparent visual magnitude of 10.6, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.