hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 English cricket season
The 2014 English cricket season was the 115th in which the County Championship had been an official competition. It began on 1 April with a round of university matches, continued until the conclusion of a round of County Championship matches on 23 September. Three major domestic competitions were contested: the 2014 County Championship, the 2014 Royal London One-Day Cup and the 2014 NatWest t20 Blast. The Royal London One-Day Cup and the NatWest t20 Blast were newly created competitions as from the 2014 season, replacing the Clydesdale Bank 40 and the Friends Life t20.

During this season, two Test teams toured England. Sri Lanka competed early in the summer, with India having also toured later in the year.

T20 Blast
The T20 Blast, also known as the Vitality Blast for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in England and Wales. The competition was established by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2003. T20 Blast is the oldest domestic T20 league in the world. It is one of the top-level Twenty20 league in the world. Vitality Blast comprises 18 teams, with 17 in England and 1 in Wales.
The competition has been known by a variety of names due to commercial sponsorship. It was known as the Twenty20 Cup from 2003 to 2009, the Friends Provident t20 and Friends Life t20 from 2010 to 2013, and the Natwest t20 Blast from 2014 to 2017. The competition has been sponsored by insurance company Vitality since 2018 and is known as the Vitality Blast.
White Shield, North Dakota
White Shield (Arikara: nahtasuutaaká, Hidatsa: maanaagi iixodagish) is a census-designated place (CDP) lying within the boundaries of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation. It is located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in McLean County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 363 at the 2020 census. It is considered the primary community of the Arikara (Sahnish) people and is named for Chief White Shield.

White Shield was founded in 1954 to replace the town of Elbowoods (Arikara: hiswíkAt ([hisˈwikə̥t]), which was inundated by the creation of Lake Sakakawea. The name honors White Shield, an Arikara chief and a scout for General George Armstrong Custer.

Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation
The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation (MHA Nation), also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes (Mandan: Miiti Naamni; Hidatsa: Awadi Aguraawi; Arikara: ačitaanu' táWIt), is a federally recognized Native American Nation resulting from the alliance of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara peoples, whose Indigenous lands ranged across the Missouri River basin extending from present day North Dakota through western Montana and Wyoming.

After the signing of the Fort Laramie Treaty (1851) and subsequent seizure of land, the Nation's land base is currently approximately 1 million acres located in Fort Berthold Reservation in northwestern North Dakota. The Tribe reported a total enrollment of 17,492 enrolled members of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation as of December 2024. Nearly 5,600 live on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation; others live and work elsewhere.
River Artro
52°51.7′N 4°1.6′W﻿ / ﻿52.8617°N 4.0267°W﻿ / 52.8617; -4.0267

The River Artro (Welsh: Afon Artro) is a river in Gwynedd, Wales.

It is about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) long and has its source at Llyn Cwm Bychan below Rhinog Fawr and Moel Ysgyfarnogod. It flows westwards from its source and is joined by the Afon Cwmnantcol at Pentre Gwynfryn before passing through the centre of Llanbedr where it turns north and passes Pensarn Wharf.

The Artro enters the sea at a sizeable tidal estuary between Llandanwg and Mochras/Shell Island. The current estuary was formed following a diversion of the Artro by the Earl of Winchilsea in 1819 to improve access to the wharf at Pensarn which was the shipment point for slate from Llanfair and Llanbedr. Prior to this the Artro entered the sea to the south of Mochras.

Pensarn, Gwynedd
Pensarn (or Pen-sarn) is a small village in the Ardudwy area of Gwynedd, Wales. It is situated on the coastal road between Llanbedr and Harlech.

Pensarn railway station is an unstaffed halt on the Cambrian Coast Railway. The Christian Mountain Centre (CMC) is housed in the old Pensarn Wharf buildings.
Norman Schwarzkopf Sr.
Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf (/ˈʃwɔːrtskɒf/ SHWORTS-kof, German: [ˈʃvaʁtskɔpf]; August 28, 1895 – November 25, 1958) was the first superintendent of the New Jersey State Police. He is best known for his involvement in the Lindbergh kidnapping case. He was the father of General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., the commander of all Coalition forces during the Gulf War in 1991.

Harold G. Hoffman
Harold Giles Hoffman (February 7, 1896 – June 4, 1954) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician who served as the 41st Governor of New Jersey from 1935 to 1938. His time in office was marked by controversy over his support for a sales tax and interference in the Lindbergh kidnapping case. He died while subject to an investigation for embezzlement from his bank and the state government, which he  confessed to his daughter before his death.

Hoffman also served two terms representing Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean counties (as New Jersey's 3rd congressional district) in the United States House of Representatives from 1927 to 1931, represented Middlesex in the New Jersey General Assembly, and served as mayor of South Amboy.
FC Vorskla-2 Poltava
Vorskla-2 is a Ukrainian football reserve team of FC Vorskla Poltava based in Poltava, Ukraine. Unlike junior squads (U-21 or U-19) that compete in competitions for junior teams, Vorksla-2 competes in lower-level leagues of the national league pyramid structure.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Majūō
Majūō is a 1995 Japanese platform game published by KSS for the Super Famicom. The story is that of a man named Abel who must rescue his wife and child from hell. It is a 2D side scrolling game. Defeating bosses allows the player to transform into various demons. In 2024, there was an announcement of a new release from Retro-Bit.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
Finsbury Rifles
The Finsbury Rifles was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force and later Territorial Army from 1860 to 1961. It saw action at Gallipoli, in Palestine and on the Western Front during the First World War. In the Second World War, it served in the Anti-Aircraft (AA) role during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz, then in North Africa, Sicily and Italy.

Middle East Command
Middle East Command, later Middle East Land Forces, was a British Army Command established prior to the Second World War in Egypt. Its primary role was to command British land forces and co-ordinate with the relevant naval and air commands to defend British interests in the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean region.

During the Second World War, Middle East Command supervised military operations in and around the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East. Following the defeat of the Axis forces in the Western Desert at the Battle of El Alamein and the landing of additional Anglo-American forces during Operation Torch, it transferred control of land forces to the newly created Allied Forces Headquarters.
Johannes Peter Meyer-Mendez
Johannes Peter Meyer-Mendez (March 6, 1909 in Randerath, Germany – February 24, 1976 in Cologne) was the founder and first archbishop of the Free Catholic Church in Germany.
He founded this church in 1949 as an extension of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church.  Upon his death, he was succeeded Bishop Georg Fröbrich later as Archbishop by Hilarios Karl-Heinz Ungerer.

Hilarios Karl-Heinz Ungerer
Hilarios Karl-Heinz Ungerer (born 1941 in Nuremberg) is a bishop of the Free Catholic Church in Munich, a small Independent Catholic denomination. Ungerer, with Bishop Roberto Garrido Padin, ordained Bishop Rómulo Antonio Braschi in 1998, who ordained a group of women known as the Danube Seven in 2002.
Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions
Located in Hollywood, Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions (LACE) is a nonprofit exhibition space and archive of the visual arts for the city of Los Angeles, California, United States, currently under the leadership of Sarah Russin.

Chris Burden
Christopher Lee Burden (April 11, 1946 – May 10, 2015) was an American artist working in performance art, sculpture, and installation art. Burden became known in the 1970s for his performance art works, including Shoot (1971), where he arranged for a friend to shoot him in the arm with a small-caliber rifle. A prolific artist, Burden created many well-known installations, public artworks, and sculptures before his death in 2015.
HMS Childers (1778)
HMS Childers was a brig-sloop of the British Royal Navy, initially armed with 10 carriage guns which were later increased to 14 guns. The first brig-sloop to be built for the Navy, she was ordered from a commercial builder during the early years of the American War of Independence, and went on to support operations in the English Channel and the Caribbean. Laid up for a time after the end of the American War of Independence, she returned to service shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. She had an active career in both the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, capturing numerous French privateers and during the Gunboat War participated in a noteworthy single-ship action. The navy withdrew her from service at the beginning of 1811, at which time she was broken up.

Galiot
A galiot, galliot or galiote, was a small galley boat propelled by sail or oars. There are three different types of naval galiots that sailed on different seas.

A galiote was a type of French flat-bottom river boat or barge and also a flat-bottomed boat with a simple sail for transporting wine.
Holger Klose
Holger Klose (born 5 December 1972 in Bitburg, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a retired male hammer thrower from Germany. His personal best throw is 82.22 metres, achieved in May 1998 in Dortmund. This ranks him fifth among German hammer throwers, behind Ralf Haber, Heinz Weis, Karsten Kobs and Günther Rodehau. Klose represented Eintracht Frankfurt.

Ralf Haber
Ralf Haber (born 18 August 1962 in Altenburg, Thuringia) is a retired East German hammer thrower.

His personal best throw was 83.40 metres, achieved in May 1988 in Athens. This is the current German record.
Brunsting
Brunsting is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km south of Assen.

The statistical area "Brunsting", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 100.

Midden-Drenthe
Midden-Drenthe (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɪdə(n) ˈdrɛntə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality was created in 1998, in a merger of the former municipalities of Beilen, Smilde, and Westerbork. Between 1998 and 2000, the name of the municipality was Middenveld.
2005 Las Vegas Desert Classic
The 2005 Las Vegas Desert Classic was the 2005 edition of the Las Vegas Desert Classic darts tournament on 27 June until 3 July 2005. It was held at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, and was won by Phil Taylor.

Las Vegas Desert Classic
The Las Vegas Desert Classic was a darts tournament, organized by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and was held each year in July from 2002 until 2009. Its original venue was the MGM Grand Casino and Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada from 2002 to 2005, but the tournament moved down the strip to the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino from 2006 to 2009.
Matthew Lidaywa Mwange
Matthew Lidaywa Mwange (born 2 January 1979 in Vihiga) is a Kenyan single sculls rower. He is also a member of Navy RC Kenya Rowing Club, and is coached and trained by Joshua Kandagor. Mwange stands 2.01 metres (6 ft 7 in) tall and weighs 86 kilograms (190 lb).

Mwange represented Kenya at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed as the nation's lone rower in the men's single sculls, an event which was later dominated by defending Olympic champion Olaf Tufte of Norway. He won the F-final, yet placed thirtieth overall in this event by forty seconds ahead of Honduras' Norberto Bernárdez Ávila, with a time of 7:52.59.

Olaf Tufte
Olaf Karl Tufte (born 27 April 1976 in Tønsberg) is a Norwegian rower, firefighter, and farmer. He is a seven-time Olympian, and as a single sculler he was twice the Olympic champion and twice the world champion. He has been consistently selected to the Norwegian men's senior national rowing squad since 1996, including his selection as a 2020 Tokyo Olympian – where he made his seventh Olympic appearance, racing in the men's quadruple sculls.
William Reader (priest)
William Reader (1704-1774) was Archdeacon of Cork  from 1745 until his death.

Reader  was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held living at Nohoval, Kilmonoge, and Dunisky. He was also Prebendary of Rathcoony in Cork from 1732 to 1745.

Archdeacon of Cork
The Archdeacon of Cork was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross. The Archdeacon was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within the Diocese.

The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Patrick M'Carthy who held the office in 1157.

Many of them went on to higher office:

Henry de Thrapston

William Steere

Michael Boyle

John Whetham

Mervyn Archdall

William Edward Flewett

Robert Thomas Hearn

Hedley Webster

Michael Hugh Gunton Mayes

The office has now been replaced by the post of Archdeacon of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
Gadolinium acetate
Gadolinium acetate is the acetate salt of the lanthanide element gadolinium with the chemical formula Gd(CH3COO)3. It is a colorless crystal that is soluble in water and can form a hydrate. Its tetrahydrate has ground state ferromagnetism.

Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O−2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminium, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO−2, or CH3COO−.

Most of the approximately 5 million tonnes of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in the production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers. In nature, acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis.
Yokosuka P1Y Ginga
The Yokosuka P1Y Ginga (銀河, galaxy) is a twin-engine, land-based bomber developed for the Japanese Imperial Navy in World War II. It received the Allied reporting name “Frances”. The P1Y was a successor to the Mitsubishi G4M.

Type 99 cannon
The Type 99 Mark 1 machine gun and Type 99 Mark 2 machine gun were Japanese versions of the Oerlikon FF and Oerlikon FFL autocannons respectively. They were adopted by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in 1939 and served as their standard aircraft autocannon during World War II.
Prehistoric Central Africa
The prehistory of Central Africa spans from the earliest human presence in the region until the emergence of the Iron Age in Central Africa. By at least 2,000,000 BP, Central Africa (e.g., Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo) was occupied by early hominins. West African hunter-gatherers occupied western Central Africa (e.g., Shum Laka) earlier than 32,000 BP, dwelled throughout coastal West Africa by 12,000 BP, and migrated northward between 12,000 BP and 8000 BP as far as Mali, Burkina Faso, and Mauritania. Prehistoric West Africans may have diverged into distinct ancestral groups of modern West Africans and Bantu-speaking peoples in Cameroon, and, subsequently, around 5000 BP, the Bantu-speaking peoples migrated into other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., Central African Republic, African Great Lakes, South Africa).

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Morton Palms
Morton Palms is a civil parish in the Darlington district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 32. The parish borders Barmpton, Great Burdon, Hurworth, Middleton St. George, Neasham and Sadberge.

Middleton St George
Middleton St George is a large village and civil parish in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east of Darlington.
Lestes ictericus
Lestes ictericus is a species of damselfly in the family Lestidae, the spreadwings. It is known by the common names tawny spreadwing and yellow spreadwing. It is native to much of eastern and western Africa. It lives near seasonal pools in savanna habitat.

Lestidae
The Lestidae are a rather small family of cosmopolitan, large-sized, slender damselflies,
known commonly as the spreadwings or spread-winged damselflies.

Fossil lestids are known from the Late Eocene onwards.
Jake Marosz
Jake Marosz (born November 10, 1952) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who currently serves as the crew chief for Melissa Fifield in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

Marosz is a former competitor of the Modified Tour, having competed in the series from 1994 to 2011.

Melissa Fifield
Melissa Fifield (born August 7, 1992) is an American racing driver and spokesperson. She primarily races in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, driving the No. 01 Chevrolet for her family-owned team. She won NASCAR Whelen Modified tour most popular driver for three consecutive years.
PEPD
Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, also known as prolidase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PEPD gene. Prolidase is an enzyme in humans that plays a crucial role in protein metabolism and collagen recycling through the catalysis of the rate-limiting step in these chemical reactions. This enzyme is coded by the gene PEPD (peptidase D), located on chromosome 19. Serum prolidase activity is also currently being explored as a biomarker for diseases.

Ulcer (dermatology)
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin. A skin ulcer is often visible in the event of exposure to heat or cold, irritation, or a problem with blood circulation.

They can also be caused due to a lack of mobility, which causes prolonged pressure on the tissues. This stress in the blood circulation is transformed into a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers often become infected, and pus forms.
Battle of al-Babein
The Battle of al-Babein took place on March 18, 1167, during the third Crusader invasion of Egypt. King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and a Zengid army under Shirkuh, both hoped to take the control of Egypt over from the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin served as Shirkuh’s highest-ranking officer in the battle. The result was a tactical draw between the forces, however the Crusaders failed to gain access to Egypt.

Shirkuh
Asad ad-Dīn Shīrkūh bin Shādhī (Arabic: أسد الدين شيركوه بن شاذي, romanized: ʾasad al-Dīn Šērkōh bin Šāḏī; Kurdish: ئەسەدەدین شێرکۆ، شێرگوێ, romanized: Esed El-Dîn Şêrko, Şêrgûh), (died 23 March 1169) was a Kurdish mercenary commander in service of the Zengid dynasty, then the Fatimid Caliphate and uncle of Saladin. His military and diplomatic efforts in Egypt were a key factor in establishing the Ayyubid dynasty in that country.
Common Vulnerability Scoring System
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is an open framework for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities in computing systems. Scores are calculated based on a formula with several metrics that approximate ease and impact of an exploit. It assigns scores ranging from 0 to 10, with 10 indicating the most severe. While many use only the CVSS Base score for determining severity, temporal and environmental scores also exist, to factor in availability of mitigations and how widespread vulnerable systems are within an organization, respectively.

The current version of CVSS (CVSSv4.0) was released in November 2023.

CVSS is not intended to be used as a method for patch management prioritization, but is used like that regardless. A more effective approach is to integrate CVSS with predictive models like the Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), which helps prioritize remediation efforts based on the likelihood of real-world exploitation.

Open Source Vulnerability Database
The Open Sourced Vulnerability Database (OSVDB) was an independent and open-sourced vulnerability database. The goal of the project was to provide accurate, detailed, current, and unbiased technical information on security vulnerabilities. The project promoted greater and more open collaboration between companies and individuals. The database's motto was "Everything is Vulnerable".

The core of OSVDB was a relational database which tied various information about security vulnerabilities into a common, cross-referenced open security data source. As of December 2013, the database cataloged over 100,000 vulnerabilities. While the database was maintained by a 501(c)(3) non-profit public organization and volunteers, the data was prohibited for commercial use without a license. Despite that, many large commercial companies used the data in violation of the license without contributing employee volunteer time or financial compensation.