hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1956 United States Senate election in Oklahoma
The 1956 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democratic Senator Mike Monroney ran for re-election to a second term. He avoided a contentious Democratic primary when Lieutenant Governor Cowboy Pink Williams declined to challenge him and easily won renomination. In the general election, he faced Republican state party chairman Douglas McKeever. Even though President Dwight D. Eisenhower was winning the state handily, Monroney won re-election by a wide margin.

1956 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
The 1956 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Oklahoma was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R–Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 55.13 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D–Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 44.87 percent of the popular vote. As of 2024, this is the last time Oklahoma has voted more Democratic than the nation as a whole. This was the first time that a Republican carried Oklahoma twice or that the state voted Republican in back-to-back elections.
Viral hepatitis
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Other viruses can also cause liver inflammation, including cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and yellow fever. There also have been scores of recorded cases of viral hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus.

Picornavirus
Picornaviruses are a group of related nonenveloped RNA viruses which infect vertebrates including fish, mammals, and birds. They are viruses that represent a large family of small, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a 30 nm icosahedral capsid. The viruses in this family can cause a range of diseases including the common cold, poliomyelitis,  meningitis, hepatitis, and paralysis.

Picornaviruses constitute the family Picornaviridae, order Picornavirales, and realm Riboviria. There are 159 species in this family, assigned to 68 genera, most of which belong to 5 subfamilies. Notable examples are genera Enterovirus (including Rhinovirus and Poliovirus), Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, and Hepatovirus.
Clean ring
In mathematics, a clean ring is a ring in which every element can be written as the sum of a unit and an idempotent. A ring is a local ring if and only if it is clean and has no idempotents other than 0 and 1. The endomorphism ring of a continuous module is a clean ring. Every clean ring is an exchange ring. A matrix ring over a clean ring is itself clean. Every Boolean ring is trivially a clean ring, since every element is idempotent.

Matrix ring
In abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication. The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n).  Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings.  A subring of a matrix ring is again a matrix ring.  Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs.

When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.  In this setting, if M is a matrix and r is in R, then the matrix rM is the matrix M with each of its entries multiplied by r.
Orígenes Lessa
Orígenes Lessa (July 12, 1903 in Lençóis Paulista – July 13, 1986 in Rio de Janeiro), journalist, short story writer, novelist, and an essayist. He was elected, on July 9, 1981 for the Chair number 10 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, succeeding Osvaldo Orico, and was received on November 20, 1981, by the Academy Member Francisco de Assis Barbosa.

Francisco de Assis Barbosa
Francisco de Assis Barbosa (Guaratinguetá, January 21, 1914 – Rio de Janeiro, December 8, 1991) was a Brazilian biographer, essayist, historian, and journalist. He was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
Synodontis carineae
Synodontis carineae is a species of upside-down catfish endemic to the Republic of the Congo, where it is only known from the Kouilou-Niari basin. This species grows to a length of 14.7 centimetres (5.8 in) SL.

Mochokidae
The Mochokidae are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) that are known as the squeakers or upside-down catfish (although not all species swim upside-down). Nine genera and about 200 species of mochokids ae described. All the mochokids are freshwater species originating from Africa.

They have three pairs of barbels, with the nasal barbels absent; sometimes, the mandibular barbels may be branched. The lips are modified into a suckermouth in Atopochilus, Chiloglanis, and Euchilichthys. The adipose fin is usually very long. The dorsal and pectoral fins have spines that are usually strong and with a locking mechanism. They range in size up to 72 cm (28 in) standard length. This group contains many popular species among aquarists, such as Synodontis nigriventris, Synodontis angelicus, and Synodontis multipunctatus.
Milan Vasojević
Milan "Ciga" Vasojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан "Цига" Васојевић; 27 December 1932 – 24 December 1996) was a Serbian professional basketball coach and administrator. He led the national team of Yugoslavia during the greatest successes of women's basketball.

Lega Basket Femminile
Lega Basket Femminile (LBF) is the premier national league for women's basketball clubs in Italy, founded in 1930. Pool Comense is the competition's most successful club with fifteen championships, followed by AS Vicenza with twelve and Geas Basket with seven, while PF Schio and Cras Taranto have been the leading teams in recent years.

Currently both the champion and runner-up are granted spots in EuroLeague Women. The Serie A champions were the major force in the 1980s, with Geas Basket, Fiat Torino, AS Vicenza, Libertas Trogylos, Polisportiva Ahena and Pool Comense winning eleven editions between 1978 and 1995.
Sea Lion Island
Sea Lion Island (Spanish: Isla de los Leones Marinos) is the largest of the Sea Lion Island Group of the Falkland Islands. It is 9 km2 (3 sq mi) in area. and lies 14 km (9 mi; 8 nmi) southeast of Lafonia (East Falkland). It was designated a Ramsar site on 24 September 2001, and as an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2006). In 2017 the island was designated as a National Nature Reserve.

East Falkland
East Falkland (Spanish: Isla Soledad, meaning "Solitude Island") is the largest island of the Falklands in the South Atlantic, having an area of 6,605 km2 (2,550 square miles) or 54% of the total area of the Falklands. The island consists of two main land masses, of which the more southerly is known as Lafonia; it is joined by a narrow isthmus where the settlement of Goose Green is located, and it was the scene of the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.

The two main centres of population in the Falklands, Stanley and Mount Pleasant, which are both in the northern half of East Falkland, are home to three-quarters of the island's population.
Gravel cycling
Gravel cycling, gravel biking or gravel grinding is a sport or a leisure activity in which participants ride bicycles on gravel roads or other unpaved surfaces. While often performed on a specially designed gravel bike, any bicycle capable of covering the terrain can be used.

Gravel cycling bridges the gap between road and mountain biking, combining the efficiency of road cycling with the capability to ride on rough and loose terrain of mountain biking. It allows riders more freedom to choose routes than road cycling, without many of the physical and equipment-related barriers of mountain biking. Gravel cycling is nearly as old as cycling itself, with most significant developments in the racing side having occurred in the 20th century. Gravel racing as a discipline has its own global series and world championship.

Cyclo-cross bicycle
A cyclo-cross bike or cyclo-cross bicycle (abbreviated CX Bike or CXB) is a bicycle specifically designed for the rigors of a cyclo-cross race. Cyclo-cross bicycles roughly resemble the racing bicycles used in road racing. The major differences between the two are the frame geometry, and the wider clearances that cyclo-cross bikes have for their larger tires and mud and other debris that they accumulate.

Cyclists have been competing in races on road-going bicycles since the 19th century. Cyclo-cross emerged as a sport in its own right in France in 1902. Cyclo-cross bicycles are similar to other bicycles, but the frame geometry is closer to a mountain bike than a road racing bicycle. The top tube is often longer and closer to horizontal, and the handlebars are higher, again akin to mountain bikes. The emphasis on bicycle handling skills differentiates cyclo-cross from road racing. Cyclo-cross courses are held on a variety of terrain, including grass, mud, sand and paved surfaces.
Gmina Koźmin Wielkopolski
Gmina Koźmin Wielkopolski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Koźmin Wielkopolski, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of Krotoszyn and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 152.69 square kilometres (59.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,820 (out of which the population of Koźmin Wielkopolski amounts to 6,707, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,113).

Krotoszyn County
Krotoszyn County (Polish: powiat krotoszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Krotoszyn, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains four other towns: Koźmin Wielkopolski, 16 km (10 mi) north of Krotoszyn, Zduny, 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Krotoszyn, Kobylin, 14 km (9 mi) west of Krotoszyn, and Sulmierzyce, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Krotoszyn.

The county covers an area of 714.23 square kilometres (275.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,092, out of which the population of Krotoszyn is 29,421, that of Koźmin Wielkopolski is 6,707, that of Zduny is 4,498, that of Kobylin is 3,084, that of Sulmierzyce is 2,772, and the rural population is 30,610.
Governor of Neuquén Province
The Governor of Neuquén is a citizen of the Neuquén Province, in Argentina, holding the office of governor for the corresponding period. The governor is elected alongside a vice-governor. Currently the governor of Neuquén is Omar Gutiérrez.

Omar Gutiérrez
Omar Gutiérrez (born 24 September 1967) is an Argentine politician, who served as governor of the Neuquén Province from 2015 to 2023. He is the former minister of economy of the previous governor, Jorge Sapag. With his victory in the 2015 elections, the Neuquén People's Movement continued ruling the province after 53 years.

On 10 August 2020, Gutiérrez attended the inauguration ceremony of Costa Limay Sustainable Complex for Transgender Women, an affordable housing project for transgender women founded by the Catholic nun Sister Mónica Astorga Cremona.
Nana-Grébizi
Nana-Grébizi is one of the 20 prefectures of the Central African Republic. It covers an area of 19,996 km2 and has a population of 117,816 (2003 census). The capital is Kaga Bandoro. In 2024, official estimates suggest the population reached 232,205 inhabitants.

Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Since 10 December 2020, the Central African Republic has been administratively divided into 20 prefectures (French: préfectures, Sango: kodoro kômanda-kôta), including the capital, Bangui.

Each prefecture is governed by a local assembly called General Council (Conseil Général), presided by a Prefect (Préfet). The prefectures are further subdivided into 84 sub-prefectures.

Prefectures are all named after major rivers passing through their areas:

Ubangi, Nana, Mambéré, Kadeï, Lobaye, M'Poko, Ombella, Sangha, Kémo, Ouaka, Kotto, and Mbomou all flow into the Congo River.

Pendé, Ouham, Gribingui, Bamingui, Bangoran, and Vakaga all flow into the Chari River, and then into Lake Chad.

(Basse ("Lower") means downstream, and Haut or Haute ("Upper") means upstream.)
Natronincola histidinovorans
Natronincola histidinovorans is a moderately haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic, and acetogenic bacterium from the genus Natronincola which has been isolated from soda deposits from the Lake Magadi.

Natronincola
Natronincola is a genus of bacteria from the family Natronincolaceae. Natronincola comes from two parts. "Natron" is from the Arabic natrun, meaning sodium carbonate or soda, and "incola" is Latin for "inhabitant" or "dweller."
Chocorua, New Hampshire
Chocorua is an unincorporated community within the town of Tamworth in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States.  It is located in the general area where Routes 16 and 113 meet, south of Mount Chocorua and Chocorua Lake.

Mount Chocorua
Mount Chocorua (/ʃəˈkɔːrwə/) is a 3,490 ft (1,060 m) mountain in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, the easternmost peak of the Sandwich Range. Although the mountain is not outstanding for its elevation, it is very rugged and has excellent views of the surrounding lakes, mountains, and forests.  Being at the end of the range, its bare summit can be seen from almost every direction and identified from many points throughout central New Hampshire and western Maine, and it has been the subject of numerous works of art. Many hiking trails ascend the mountain. Scenic Chocorua Lake lies directly to the south.
Neoceratodontidae
Neoceratodontidae is a family of lungfish containing Neoceratodus (represented by the extant Australian lungfish) and the extinct Mioceratodus. It, Lepidosirenidae, and Protopteridae represent the only lungfish families still extant.

Fossils from Triassic-aged sediments in Kyrgyzstan were previously assigned to this family, but phylogenetic evidence indicates that it diverged from the common ancestors of the African and South American lungfish during the Late Jurassic.

South American lungfish
The South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa), also known as the American mud-fish and scaly salamanderfish, is the single species of lungfish found in swamps and slow-moving waters of the Amazon, Paraguay, and lower Paraná River basins in South America. Notable as an obligate air-breather, it is the sole member of its family Lepidosirenidae, although some authors also place Protopterus in the family. In Brazil, it is known by the indigenous language Tupi name piramboia, which means "snake-fish" (Portuguese pronunciation: [piɾɐ̃ˈbɔjjɐ]), and synonyms pirarucu-bóia ([piɾɐɾuˈku ˈbɔjjɐ]), traíra-bóia ([tɾɐˈiɾɐ ˈbɔjjɐ]), and caramuru ([kɐɾɐmuˈɾu]).
Thomas Alvey
Thomas Alvey M.D. (4 May 1645 – 1704) was an English physician.

Son of Thomas Alvey, merchant-taylor, of London, he was born in St. Faith's parish on 4 May 1645, and educated at Merchant Taylors' School and at Merton College, Oxford (B.A. 1662, M.A. 1667, M.B. 1669, M.D. 1671). He became a fellow of the College of Physicians of London in 1676; censor in 1683; Harveian orator in 1684; was appointed an elect in January 1703–4; and died in 1704. Dr. Alvey wrote Dissertatiuncula Epistolaris, unde pateat urinæ materiam potius è sero sanguinis quàm è sero (quod succo alibili in nervis superest), ad renes transmitti, London (1680).

Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School is an 11–18 boys' public day school, founded in 1561 in London. The school has occupied various campuses. Since 1933 it has been at Sandy Lodge, a 285 acres (115 ha) site close to Northwood in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire. The school has 1100 students between the ages of 11 and 18. The school is an all-through school from age 3 to 18 after merging with Northwood Prep School in 2015.

Founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar and Stephen Hales, it was one of the nine English public schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission set up in 1861, and successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868, as did St Paul's School, London, the other day school investigated by the Clarendon Commission.
BitChat
Bitchat is a peer-to-peer encrypted messaging app developed by Jack Dorsey, co‑founder of Twitter (now X) and Block, Inc. Announced in July 2025, Bitchat enables users to send messages via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks without requiring internet connections, cellular service, user accounts, or central servers. Bitchat also uses the internet-based Nostr protocol for global reach.

Delay-tolerant networking
Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to computer network architecture that seeks to address the technical issues in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. Examples of such networks are those operating in mobile or extreme terrestrial environments, or planned networks in space.

Recently, the term disruption-tolerant networking has gained currency in the United States due to support from DARPA, which has funded many DTN projects. Disruption may occur because of the limits of wireless radio range, sparsity of mobile nodes, energy resources, attack, and noise.
Tekke of Frashër
The Tekke of Frashër (Albanian: Teqeja e Frashërit), also known as the Nasibî Tâhir Baba Tekke, is a Bektashi shrine and Albanian Bektashi tekke, located in Frashër, Gjirokastër County in southern Albania. The tekke was founded in 1781 and was designated as a Cultural Monument of Albania.

The tekke was crucial to the Albanian National Awakening, particularly in the nationalist movements of the late 19th century, and it was one of the wealthiest and revered tekkes in Albania.: 189

Cultural Monument of Albania
In Albania, a cultural monument (Albanian: monument kulture) is a construction or work of cultural, historical and artistic value that is built in a visible space, made in memory of important events or prominent people. Cultural monuments are usually under state protection as they are evidence of the history of human development, for the preservation of which there is a public interest.
Orange (band)
Orange is an American-British pop punk/punk band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2002.

The band were first signed to Hellcat/Epitaph Records by Tim Armstrong of Rancid when they were only 16 years old and since then have toured the world with many bands such as Misfits, The Adicts, UK Subs, Rancid, Reel Big Fish, Bowling for Soup and Zebrahead and have been on several TV shows including The O.C. and The Hills; and their song "Revolution" was used as the theme song to Cartoon Network's show Generator Rex. They have released four albums, Welcome to the World of Orange,  Escape from LA, Phoenix, and Dead Sexy; and singles such as "Late Nights and Early Mornings" as well as a cover of "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday".

Tim Armstrong
Timothy Ross Armstrong is an American musician, songwriter
and record producer. Known for his distinctive voice, he is the singer/guitarist for the punk rock band Rancid and hip hop/punk rock supergroup Transplants. Prior to forming Rancid, Armstrong was in the ska punk band Operation Ivy.

In 1997, along with Brett Gurewitz of the band Bad Religion and owner of Epitaph Records, Armstrong founded Hellcat Records. In 2012, through his website, Armstrong started releasing music that influenced him, along with stripped-down cover songs of his own under the name Tim Timebomb. Armstrong is also a songwriter for other artists. Armstrong won a Grammy Award for his work with Jimmy Cliff and Pink, and has also worked with Joe Walsh and the Interrupters.
Sequoites
Sequoites is an extinct genus of plant that existed from the Cretaceous until the Miocene across North America (Canada, Greenland and the United States) and Europe (Austria, Czechia, France, England, Germany and Sweden). Originally described as a coniferous tree in the genus Sequoia, it was later identified as a separate genus classified within Cupressaceae.

Ten species have been identified since the genus was named in 1849 by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart.

Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae or the cypress family is a family of conifers. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to 116 m (381 ft) tall. The bark of mature trees is commonly orange- to red-brown and of stringy texture, often flaking or peeling in vertical strips, but smooth, scaly or hard and square-cracked in some species. The family reached its peak of diversity during the Mesozoic era.
Sarong Girl
Sarong Girl is a 1943 American comedy film directed by Arthur Dreifuss and written by Charles R. Marion, Arthur Hoerl and Tim Ryan. The film stars Ann Corio, Tim Ryan, Irene Ryan, Mantan Moreland, William Henry, Damian O'Flynn and Johnnie Davis. The film was released on June 11, 1943, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Regius Professor of Astronomy (Edinburgh)
The Regius Chair of Astronomy is one of eight  Regius Professorships at the  University of Edinburgh, and was founded in 1785. Regius Professorships are those that have in the past been established by the  British Crown, and are still formally appointed by the current monarch, although they are advertised and recruited by the relevant university following the normal processes for appointing a professorship.

Frank Watson Dyson
Sir Frank Watson Dyson, KBE, FRS, FRSE (8 January 1868 – 25 May 1939) was an English astronomer and the ninth Astronomer Royal. He is remembered today largely for introducing the Greenwich time signal ("six pips") to BBC radio, and for the role he played in proving Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Scorpaenopsis crenulata
Scorpaenopsis crenulata, the serrated deepwater scorpionfish, is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. This species is found in the south-western Pacific Ocean around Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Scorpaenidae
The Scorpaenidae (also known as scorpionfish) are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As their name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family, Cottidae.