hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phloeomana
Phloeomana is a bark-inhabiting agaric fungal genus that produces fuscous-colored to whitish mycenoid to omphalinoid fruit bodies in temperate forests. In addition to the type species Phloeomana speirea, 4 other species, P. alba, P. clavata (= M. thujina, M. phaeophylla), P. hiemalis and P. minutula (formerly Mycena olida), have been placed in the genus. The genus is characterized by nonamyloid smooth, hyaline (translucent) basidiospores and tissues, poorly to moderately differentiated cheilocystidia, diverticulate pileipellis hyphae and general smooth stipe hyphae with scattered caulocystidia. It is one of several mushroom genera formerly classified most recently in Mycena, Omphalina, Hydropus, or Marasmiellus. Phylogenetically, Phloeomana is distant from the Mycenaceae and is closest to a clade or group that includes other former members of Mycena now in Atheniella and Hemimycena clearly excluded from the Mycenaceae and tentatively classified in the Porotheleaceae.

Marasmiellus
Marasmiellus is a genus of fungi in the family Omphalotaceae. The widespread genus, circumscribed by American mycologist William Murrill in 1915, contains over 250 species. The name comes from the Greek marasmus meaning wasting.
Longest linear sequence
In synthetic chemistry, the longest linear sequence, commonly abbreviated as LLS, is the largest number of reactions required to go from the starting materials to the products in a multistep sequence.

This concept is very important when trying to optimize a synthetic plan. Since every reaction step can decrease the yield of the product, reducing the value of the LLS is a good way to increase the quantity of chemicals formed at the end: this can be done by devising quicker methods to couple the fragments or by introducing convergence. However, improving sequences which are not the longest linear one will generally not produce an overall enhancement to the yield of the reaction since the benefits incur in intermediates that were already present in excess, assuming that the yields for each of the steps are roughly equal.

Yield (chemistry)
In chemistry, yield, also known as reaction yield or chemical yield, refers to the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. Yield is one of the primary factors that scientists must consider in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes. In chemical reaction engineering, "yield",  "conversion" and "selectivity" are terms used to describe ratios of how much of a reactant was consumed (conversion), how much desired product was formed (yield) in relation to the undesired product (selectivity), represented as X, Y, and S.

The term yield also plays an important role in analytical chemistry, as individual compounds are recovered in purification processes in a range from quantitative yield (100 %) to low yield (< 50 %).
Australian and International Pilots Association
The Australian and International Pilots Association (AIPA) is a trade union and professional association formed in 1981 to represent Qantas and its related companies pilots and flight engineers. The AIPA broke away from the Australian Federation of Air Pilots (AFAP) in the early 1980s. It was formally registered in 1986.

In May 2007 the Australian Industrial Relations Commission ruled that the AIPA could cover pilots employed by Jetstar. This means that coverage of Jetstar pilots is shared between the AFAP and the AIPA.

The AIPA does not view itself as a trade union, but as a "professional Association and federally registered organisation". In late 2006 it decided to rejoin the ACTU.

Australian Council of Trade Unions
The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), originally the Australasian Council of Trade Unions, is the largest peak body representing workers in Australia. It is a national trade union centre of 46 affiliated unions and eight trades and labour councils. The ACTU is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation.

The President of the ACTU is Michele O'Neil, who was elected on 28 July 2018. The current Secretary is Sally McManus.
2003 Qatar Total Fina Elf Open
The 2003 Qatar Total Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 3rd edition of the event and part of the WTA Tier III series of the 2003 WTA Tour. It took place at the International Tennis and Squash complex in Doha, Qatar between 10 and 16 February 2003. Second-seeded Anastasia Myskina won the singles title.

2003 WTA Tour
The 2003 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2003 tennis season. The 2003 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the 2003 WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Stammstrecke (Munich S-Bahn)
The Munich S-Bahn Stammstrecke is an 11.4-kilometre-long (7.1 mi) portion of the Munich S-Bahn, serving as its core segment where all services meet, running from Munich Pasing station to Munich East station, partly running in a double-track 4.343 km (2.699 mi) rail tunnel connecting München Hauptbahnhof with Munich East station underneath the Altstadt-Lehel and Au-Haidhausen boroughs.

Munich East station
Munich East station (German: Bahnhof München Ost, also called München Ostbahnhof in regional services) is a major railway station in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, Germany. The station opened in 1871 as Haidhausen station on the Munich–Mühldorf and Munich–Rosenheim railway lines.

DB Station&Service, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG, operates the station. It is classified as a Category 1 station, one of 21 in Germany and one of two in Munich (the other is München Hauptbahnhof).

Munich East is the city's third interregional station, along with München Hauptbahnhof in the city centre and München-Pasing in the west.
Welland Gemmell
Welland Stewart Gemmell (October 10, 1910 – June 18, 1954) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Sudbury in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1948 until his death in 1954.

A member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, Gemmell won the riding in the 1948 election, following a rift in the Sudbury area's labour movement which resulted in vote splitting between incumbent MPP Robert Carlin and a new CCF candidate.

Gemmell was appointed to the cabinet of Leslie Frost, serving as Minister of Mines from May 4, 1949 to June 3, 1952, and thereafter as Minister of Lands and Forests until June 18, 1954. He died of a heart attack at a hotel in North Bay on June 18, 1954.

A byelection was not called to replace Gemmell following his death; the Sudbury riding instead remained vacant until it was won by Gerry Monaghan in the 1955 provincial election.

Leslie Frost
Leslie Miscampbell Frost PC CC QC (September 20, 1895 – May 4, 1973) was a politician in Ontario, Canada, who served as the province's 16th premier from May 4, 1949, to November 8, 1961. Due to his lengthy tenure, he gained the nickname "Old Man Ontario"; he was also known as "the Silver Fox".
Spherical measure
In mathematics — specifically, in geometric measure theory — spherical measure σn is the "natural" Borel measure on the n-sphere Sn.  Spherical measure is often normalized so that it is a probability measure on the sphere, i.e. so that σn(Sn) = 1.

Borel measure
In mathematics, specifically in measure theory, a Borel measure on  a topological space is a measure that is defined on all open sets (and thus on all Borel sets). Some authors require additional restrictions on the measure, as described below.
Society of Royal Cumberland Youths
The Society of Royal Cumberland Youths (SRCY) is a society of church bellringers, founded on September 6, 1747 and based in London, but with members around the world. The Society's head quarters is St Martin-in-the-Fields in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, but rings regularly at many of the City of London churches with rings of bells.

The society played a leading role in the early development of change ringing, and today, it provides ringers for important events at St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Although it is a non-territorial association, its importance is recognised by having four representatives at the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. They are one of the two major historical ringing Societies based in London, the other being the Ancient Society of College Youths.

St Leonard's, Shoreditch
St Leonard's, Shoreditch, is the old parish church of Shoreditch, often known simply as Shoreditch Church. It is located at the intersection of Shoreditch High Street with Hackney Road, within the London Borough of Hackney in East London. The current building dates from about 1740 and is Grade I listed. The church is mentioned in the line "'When I grow rich', say the bells of Shoreditch" from the nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons.

The crypt beneath the church is the final resting place of many actors from the Tudor period.
Gosfield
Gosfield is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It is located around 2 miles (3 km) west of Halstead, its post town. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,453.

Places of note include the following:

Gosfield Hall: a country house and Grade I listed building, dating back to 1545.

Gosfield School: an independent school.

Gosfield Sandpits, a Local Nature Reserve.

Braintree District
Braintree District is a local government district in Essex, England. The district is named after the town of Braintree, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Halstead and Witham and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Colchester, Maldon, Chelmsford, Uttlesford, South Cambridgeshire, West Suffolk, and Babergh.
2017 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open
The 2017 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 12th edition, for men, and 15th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $100,000, for men, and $100,000, for women, in prize money. It took place in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada between August 14 to August 20, 2017.

2017 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2017 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000.
USS Yazoo (AN-92)
USS Yazoo (YN-121/AN-92) was a Cohoes-class net laying ship which was assigned to protect United States Navy ships and harbors during World War II with her anti-submarine nets. Her World War II career was cut short due to the war coming to an end, but, post-war, she was reactivated and served the Navy in a variety of ways until she was decommissioned in 1962.

Cohoes-class net laying ship
The Cohoes-class net laying ships consisted of fifteen steel hull ships built near the end of World War II for the United States Navy, the last being commissioned shortly after war's end. They were similar in appearance and construction to the predecessor Aloe class, with slight differences in dimensions and displacement. Unlike previous net-laying classes, names were taken from a variety of place names, rather than from plants. All but two were decommissioned and put into reserve by the end of 1947, but most were reactivated at various times in the early 1950s and remained active until the early 1960s, when seven were transferred through lease or sale to several foreign navies. Two were transferred to other federal agencies; two were reactivated in the late 1960s and these served into the 1970s. Some of those transferred abroad were still active as late as 2007; none were lost in action.
Escalante, Negros Occidental
Escalante, officially the City of Escalante (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Escalante; Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Escalante; Filipino: Lungsod ng Escalante), is a  component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 97,050 people. The city celebrates the annual "Manlambus Festival" every 30th of May.

Jules Ledesma
Julio "Jules" Arenas Ledesma IV (born August 1, 1960) is a Filipino businessman and politician. He is currently serving as representative of the 1st District of Negros Occidental since 2025, a position he previously held from 2007 to 2016 and from 1995 to 2004.
2011–12 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Men's 5000 and 10000 metres
The 5000 and 10000 metres distances for men in the 2011–12 ISU Speed Skating World Cup were contested over six races on six occasions, out of a total of seven World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Chelyabinsk, Russia, on 18–20 November 2011, and the final occasion taking place in Berlin, Germany, on 9–11 March 2012.

Dutch skaters dominated the 5000/10000 distance, taking 15 out of 18 available podium places over the season, including all gold and silver medals, and only letting three bronze medals slip to other countries' skaters. Bob de Jong successfully defended his title from the previous season, while his countrymen Sven Kramer and Jorrit Bergsma came second and third, respectively.

2011–12 ISU Speed Skating World Cup
The 2011–12 ISU Speed Skating World Cup, officially the Essent ISU World Cup Speed Skating 2011–2012, was a series of international speed skating competitions which ran the entire season. The season started on 18 November 2011 in Chelyabinsk, Russia, and ended on 11 March 2012 in Berlin, Germany. In total, seven competition weekends were held at six different locations, twelve cups were contested (six for men, and six for women), and 72 races took place.

The mass start was introduced as a new event for the season. Additionally, the team sprint was contested as a demonstration event at both Heerenveen competitions. The World Cup is organized by the International Skating Union (ISU).
Inger Ottesdotter Rømer
Ingerd Ottesdotter (Rømer) (c. 1475–1555) was her era's wealthiest landowner in Norway. She was the ultimate heiress of the noble Rømer family and a political intriguer. Lady Ingerd is noted for having orchestrated her powerful sons-in-law to support her goals. Her fame was the inspiration for Henrik Ibsen's play Lady Inger of Ostrat.

Gustav Vasa
Gustav Eriksson Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), also known as Gustav I, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. He was previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead this war following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 (the future National Day of Sweden) and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.

During his reign, Gustav initiated the Protestant Swedish reformation, transformed the country from an elective to a hereditary monarchy and established a standing army and navy.
Manu Sareen
Manu Sareen (born 16 May 1967) is the former Minister for Equality and former Church and Nordic Cooperation, in the Cabinet of Helle Thorning-Schmidt and former statsrevisor and member of the Copenhagen City Council, elected for the Danish Social Liberal Party.

Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs (Denmark)
Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs of Denmark (Danish: Kirkeminister, lit. 'Minister of the Church') is a Danish political minister office. The main responsibility of the minister is the Church of Denmark. The minister is politically appointed without any requirements being a member of the state church.

The office was created in 1916 when the post Kultus Minister was split up into the posts of Minister of Education and Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs. The new Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs also took over the responsibility for culture from the Kultus Minister. In 1961 responsibility of culture was transferred to the Minister of Cultural Affairs.

Since 23 November 2023, Morten Dahlin from Venstre, holds the post in the second Frederiksen cabinet.
Brachyphalangy
Brachyphalangy is a condition in which one or more of the phalanges of the fingers and toes are smaller than normal.

This condition is one of the most common non-syndromic causes of brachydactyly and  clinodactyly.

Clinodactyly
Clinodactyly is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in the plane of the palm, most commonly the fifth finger (the "little finger") towards the adjacent fourth finger (the "ring finger").

It is a fairly common isolated anomaly which often goes unnoticed, but also occurs in combination with other abnormalities in certain genetic syndromes. The term comes from Ancient Greek  κλίνειν (klínein) 'to bend' and  δάκτυλος (dáktulos) 'digit'.
Muscles of the thumb
The muscles of the thumb are nine skeletal muscles located in the hand and forearm. The muscles allow for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and opposition of the thumb. The muscles acting on the thumb can be divided into two groups: The extrinsic hand muscles, with their muscle bellies located in the forearm, and the intrinsic hand muscles, with their muscles bellies located in the hand proper.

The muscles can be compared to guy-wires supporting a flagpole; tension from these muscular guy-wires must be provided in all directions to maintain stability in the articulated column formed by the bones of the thumb. Because this stability is actively maintained by muscles rather than by articular constraints, most muscles attached to the thumb tend to be active during most thumb motions.

Adductor pollicis muscle
In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb.  It has two heads: transverse and oblique.

It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm.  It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles.
Comodule over a Hopf algebroid
In mathematics, at the intersection of algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, there is the notion of a Hopf algebroid which encodes the information of a presheaf of groupoids whose object sheaf and arrow sheaf are represented by algebras. Because any such presheaf will have an associated site, we can consider quasi-coherent sheaves on the site, giving a topos-theoretic notion of modules. Duallypg 2, comodules over a Hopf algebroid are the purely algebraic analogue of this construction, giving a purely algebraic description of quasi-coherent sheaves on a stack: this is one of the first motivations behind the theory.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Odessa American
The Odessa American is a newspaper based in Odessa, Texas, that serves Odessa and the rest of Ector County.

The paper is particularly notable for its Pulitzer Prize-winning picture of Baby Jessica McClure when she was rescued from her well in neighboring Midland, Texas.

The American was owned by Freedom Communications until 2012, when Freedom papers in Texas were sold to AIM Media Texas.

Freedom Communications
Freedom Communications, Inc. was an American media conglomerate that operated newspapers, magazines, television stations and websites across the United States. Raymond C. Hoiles organized the company in 1950 and headquartered it in Santa Ana, California, but later relocated to Irvine. Its flagship title was the Orange County Register. Under Hoiles and his two sons, the company embraced a Libritarian philosophy in its editorial content. Hoiles died in 1970 and the company was then managed by his heirs. The Hoiles family lost control of Freedom Communications after it declared bankruptcy in 2009. Investment firms then sold off most assets, with the name and seven titles purchased by private equity firm 2100 Trust, established by investor Aaron Kushner. The company went bankrupt a second time in late 2015 and its two remaining newspapers were sold at auction in 2016 to Digital First Media.
Afonso Alves
Afonso Alves Martins Júnior (born 30 January 1981), better known as Afonso Alves, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He represented Atlético Mineiro, Örgryte, Malmö FF, Heerenveen, Middlesbrough, Al-Sadd, Al-Rayyan and Al-Gharafa during a career that spanned between 2001 and 2013. He won eight caps and scored one goal for the Brazil national team, and helped his country win the 2007 Copa América.

2010 Emir of Qatar Cup
The 2010 Emir of Qatar Cup was the 38th edition of a men's football tournament in Qatar. It was played by the 1st and 2nd level divisions of the Qatari football league structure.

The top four sides of the 2009–10 Qatar Stars League season enter at the quarter-final stage.

Al-Gharrafa are the defending champions.

The cup winner were guaranteed a place in the 2011 AFC Champions League.
Piotr Tylicki
Piotr Tylicki (1543–1616) was a Polish nobleman who was Bishop of Kraków (1607-1616). He was also Bishop of Chełmno, Warmia, and Włocławek, and Vice-Chancellor of the Crown of Poland (1598-1603).

Tylicki was born in Kowal to a family that claimed the Lubicz coat of arms. He received an education at the Kraków Academy. As Bishop of Kraków, he was made an inspector of monastic orders by the Holy See. He approved the construction of a Carmelite monastery in Kraków which initiated construction in 1611. Also as bishop, Tylicki played an important role in supporting Nowodworski Schools, an early type of private school, in Kraków. In 1615, after the publication of the Monita Secreta, Tylicki initiated an inquiry to ensure that the authors of the allegedly sacrilegious text were punished.

Tylicki died in 1616. The official announcement of his death described him as an exemplary politician and patriot. He was also described as virtuous and humble.

Archbishop of Kraków
The archbishop of Kraków is the head of the archdiocese of Kraków. A bishop of Kraków first came into existence when the diocese was created in 1000; it was promoted to an archdiocese on 28 October 1925. Due to Kraków's role as Poland's political, cultural and spiritual center, the bishops and archbishops of Kraków were often very influential in the city, country and abroad. From 1443 to 1791, bishops of Kraków were simultaneously Dukes of Siewierz, although it was only Adam Stefan Sapieha who officially abandoned the title.