hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chromosome 22
Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Humans normally have two copies of chromosome 22 in each cell. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 51 million DNA base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2% of the total DNA in cells.

In 1999, researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced they had determined the sequence of base pairs that make up this chromosome. Chromosome 22 was the first human chromosome to be fully sequenced.

Human chromosomes are numbered by their apparent size in the karyotype, with chromosome 1 being the largest and chromosome 22 having originally been identified as the smallest. However, genome sequencing has revealed that chromosome 21 is actually smaller than chromosome 22.

Chromosome 1
Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome. Humans have two copies of chromosome 1, as they do with all of the autosomes, which are the non-sex chromosomes. Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs, which are the basic units of information for DNA. It represents about 8% of the total DNA in human cells.

It was the last completed chromosome, sequenced two decades after the beginning of the Human Genome Project.
Dingee
Dingee is a town in northern Victoria, Australia. The town is located in the Shire of Loddon, 204 kilometres (127 mi) north of the state capital, Melbourne.  At the 2021 census, Dingee and the surrounding area had a population of 195.

Dingee Post Office opened on 12 December 1883, on the arrival of the railway and the opening of Dingee station.

Golfers play at the Calival Golf Club at Dingee.

Dingee is home to Victoria's least patronised station as of the 2024-2025 financial year. Dingee is served by the Swan Hill Line from Dingee station as well as a V/Line coach service to Mildura on Thursdays, or to Swan Hill on Fridays. On the other direction, there are coach services to Bendigo on Thursdays and Fridays, which connect to Melbourne train services.

Shire of Loddon
The Shire of Loddon is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the northern part of the state. It covers an area of 6,696 square kilometres (2,585 sq mi) and in 2021 had a population of 7,759. It includes the towns of Inglewood, Boort, Serpentine, Pyramid Hill and Wedderburn.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Loddon Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Wedderburn. There is also a service centre located in Serpentine. The Shire is named after the Loddon River, a major geographical feature that meanders through the LGA.
Biology Monte Carlo method
Biology Monte Carlo methods (BioMOCA) have been developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to simulate ion transport in an electrolyte environment through ion channels or nano-pores embedded in membranes. It is a 3-D particle-based Monte Carlo simulator for analyzing and studying the ion transport problem in ion channel systems or similar nanopores in wet/biological environments. The system simulated consists of a protein forming an ion channel (or an artificial nanopores like a Carbon Nano Tube, CNT), with a membrane (i.e. lipid bilayer) that separates two ion baths on either side. BioMOCA is based on two methodologies, namely the Boltzmann transport Monte Carlo (BTMC) and particle-particle-particle-mesh (P3M). The first one uses Monte Carlo method to solve the Boltzmann equation, while the later splits the electrostatic forces into short-range and long-range components.

Poisson's equation
Poisson's equation is an elliptic partial differential equation of broad utility in theoretical physics. For example, the solution to Poisson's equation is the potential field caused by a given electric charge or mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate the corresponding electrostatic or gravitational (force) field. It is a generalization of Laplace's equation, which is also frequently seen in physics.  The equation is named after French mathematician and physicist Siméon Denis Poisson who published it in 1823.
Coat of arms of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
The coat of arms that serves as the symbol of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, consists of the Iberian style escutcheon (shield), with square top and rounded base, that is divided in the 2 by 2 chessboard pattern. The top left field features a yellow patriarchal cross. The top right field features a white eagle with yellow crown, beak, legs, stripes on its wings, and a ring on its tail. The bottom left field features eight yellow six-pointed starts, placed in three rows, each with three stars, with the exception of the bottom row, that only had 2 stars, placed to the left.

It was originally designed as the coat of arms of the Kielce Voivodeship, which used it from 1997 to 1998. It was adopted as the coat of arms of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in 1999. The current version of the design had been adopted in 2013.

Eagle (heraldry)
The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest. Heraldic eagles can be found throughout world history like in the Achaemenid Empire or in the present Republic of Indonesia. The European post-classical symbolism of the heraldic eagle is connected with the Roman Empire on one hand (especially in the case of the double-headed eagle), and with Saint John the Evangelist on the other.
USS Nicholas (DD-449)
USS Nicholas (DD/DDE-449) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy, serving for a total of 27 years, including through most of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. She was the second Navy ship to be named for Major Samuel Nicholas.

Nicholas was laid down 3 March 1941 by the Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine, launched 19 February 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Edward B. Tryon, descendant of Major Nicholas; and commissioned 4 June 1942.

United States Third Fleet
The United States Third Fleet is one of the numbered fleets in the United States Navy. Third Fleet's area of responsibility includes approximately fifty million square miles of the eastern and northern Pacific Ocean areas including the Bering Sea, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and a sector of the Arctic. Major oil and trade sea lines of communication within this area are critically important to the economic health of the United States and friendly nations throughout the Pacific Rim region.

First established in 1943, the Third Fleet conducted extensive operations against Japanese forces in the Central Pacific during World War II. Deactivated in 1945, the fleet remained inactive until 1973, when it was reactivated and assumed its current responsibilities.
Punta de La Restinga
Punta de la Restinga constitutes the southernmost point of Spain. It is located next to the town of La Restinga, in the municipality of El Pinar de El Hierro, island of El Hierro, autonomous community of Canary Islands.

Around the tip of La Restinga and the town of that name, the Mar de las Calmas is located there, where one of the best places for scuba diving in Spain and around the world is located, for the faunal wealth of its sea. The tip of the Restinga is the Marine Reserve of Punta de la Restinga.

El Hierro
El Hierro (pronounced [el ˈʝero] ⓘ; lit. 'The Iron'), nicknamed Isla del Meridiano (pronounced [ˈizla ðel meɾiˈðjano]; lit. 'Meridian Island'), is the southernmost and westernmost of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a population of 11,659 (2023). Its capital is Valverde. At 268.51 square kilometres (103.67 sq mi), it is the second-smallest of the eight inhabited islands of the Canaries, with La Graciosa being the smallest.
Ajoite
Ajoite (/ˈɑːhoʊ.aɪt/) is a hydrated sodium potassium copper aluminium silicate hydroxide mineral. Ajoite has the chemical formula (Na,K)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6·3H2O, and minor Mn, Fe and Ca are usually also present in the structure. Ajoite is used as a minor ore of copper.

Shattuckite
Shattuckite is a copper silicate hydroxide mineral with formula Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic – dipyramidal crystal system and usually occurs in a granular massive form and also as fibrous acicular crystals.  It is closely allied to plancheite in structure and appearance.

Shattuckite is a relatively rare copper silicate mineral. It was first discovered in 1915 in the copper mines of Bisbee, Arizona, specifically the Shattuck Mine (hence the name). It is a secondary mineral that forms from the alteration of other secondary minerals. At the Shattuck Mine, it forms pseudomorphs after malachite. A pseudomorph is an atom by atom replacement of a crystal structure by another crystal structure, but with little alteration of the outward shape of the original crystal. It is sometimes used as a gemstone.
Zipser Willkür
Zipser Willkür (i.e. Zipser arbitrariness), alternatively known as Zipser Recht (i.e. Zipser Law) as well, was the official German town law (German: Deutsches Stadtrecht) of the Zipser Germans or Zipser Saxons (German: Zipser, Zipser Deutsche or Zipser Sachsen), an ethnic German group which settled in the Szepes County, Kingdom of Hungary, now Spiš (German: Zips), northeastern Slovakia (as well as a small part in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland) starting in the Middle Ages. This particular law is the oldest German town law which was used in medieval Slovakia, thereby applying town privileges where it was in effect.

Spiš
Spiš (Polish: Spisz [ˈspiʂ]; Hungarian: Szepesség or Szepes; German: Zips [tsɪps]) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (more specifically encompassing 14 former Slovak villages). Spiš is an informal designation of the territory, but it is also the name of one of the 21 official tourism regions of Slovakia. The region is not an administrative division in its own right, but between the late 11th century and 1918 it was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary (see separate article Szepes County in this regard).
Le temps l'horloge
Le temps l'horloge (Time and the Clock) is a song cycle for soprano and orchestra, by the French composer Henri Dutilleux.

He wrote the original three-movement version between 2006 and 2007 based on two poems by Jean Tardieu ("Le temps l'horloge" and "Le masque"), and one by Robert Desnos ("Le dernier poème"'). He later added a fourth purely instrumental movement, "Interlude", inspired by another Tardieu poem ("Le futur antérieur"), and a fifth based on Charles Baudelaire's prose poem, "Enivrez-vous".

The work was composed for American soprano Renée Fleming, whom Dutilleux called "a great artist". The composer said, "I constantly thought of her voice's character, of her power of lyrical expression" while writing the piece.

Orchestre National de France
The Orchestre National de France (French pronunciation: [ɔʁkɛstʁ nɑsjɔnal də fʁɑ̃s]; transl. National Orchestra of France; abbr. ONF) is a French symphony orchestra based in Paris, founded in 1934.  Placed under the administration of the French national radio (named Radio France since 1975), the ONF performs mainly in the Grand Auditorium at the Maison de la Radio et de la Musique (formerly known as Maison de la Radio) from where all its concerts are broadcast.  Some concerts are also held in the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, which was the previous main venue of the orchestra before the Auditorium was built.
The Clayhanger Family
The Clayhanger Family is a series of novels by Arnold Bennett, published between 1910 and 1918. Though the series is commonly referred to as a "trilogy", and the first three novels were published in a single volume, as The Clayhanger Family, in 1925, there are actually four books. All four are set in the "Five Towns", Bennett's thinly disguised version of the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries.

Margaret Drabble
Dame Margaret Drabble, Lady Holroyd, DBE, FRSL (born 5 June 1939) is an English biographer, novelist and short story writer.

Drabble's books include The Millstone (1965), which won the following year's John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize, and Jerusalem the Golden, which won the 1967 James Tait Black Memorial Prize. She was honoured by the University of Cambridge in 2006, having earlier received awards from numerous redbrick (e.g. Sheffield, Hull, Manchester,) and plateglass universities (such as Bradford, Keele, East Anglia and York). She received the American Academy of Arts and Letters E. M. Forster Award in 1973.

Drabble also wrote biographies of Arnold Bennett and Angus Wilson and edited two editions of The Oxford Companion to English Literature and a book on Thomas Hardy.
Lowburn
Lowburn is a small settlement in Central Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand. It is located close to the shores of the man-made Lake Dunstan, which was formed by the building of the Clyde Dam. Lowburn lies between the towns of Wānaka and Cromwell.

In the early days of European settlement, a ferry crossed the Clutha River at this point. The modern economy of the settlement is largely based on orcharding and livestock, though wine production is also becoming important to the area.

Wānaka
Wānaka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaːnaka] ⓘ) is a popular ski and summer resort town in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. At the southern end of Lake Wānaka, it is at the start of the Clutha River and is the gateway to Mount Aspiring National Park.

Wānaka is primarily a resort town with both summer and winter seasons. Its economy is based on the many outdoor opportunities this offers.

Historically, Māori visited the Wānaka area to hunt and fish in summer, or on their way to seek pounamu (greenstone) on the West Coast. Ngāi Tahu abandoned their seasonal camps after a raid by a North Island war party in 1836.

Along with the rest of the Queenstown-Lakes District, Wānaka is growing rapidly, with the population increasing by 50% between 2005 and 2015.
Private Psycho Lesson
Private Psycho Lesson (個人授業, Kojin Jugyō) is a hentai anime created by U-jin in 1996. It contains two episodes, both stories showcase Dr. Sara Iijima, a beautiful and buxom psychiatrist and her unique therapeutic abilities, as well as the adventures she gets into. There's also one volume of manga.

Green Bunny re-released the anime on January 25, 2003.

Hentai
Hentai (ヘンタイ, deviation/abnormality; 変態) is a style of Japanese pornographic anime and manga. In addition to anime and manga, hentai works exist in a variety of media, including artwork and video games (commonly known as eroge).

The development of hentai has been influenced by Japanese cultural and historical attitudes toward sexuality. Hentai works, which are often self-published, form a significant portion of the market for doujin works, including doujinshi. Numerous subgenres exist depicting a variety of sexual acts and relationships, as well as novel fetishes.
Expansion ratio
The expansion ratio of a liquefied and cryogenic substance is the volume of a given amount of that substance in liquid form compared to the volume of the same amount of substance in gaseous form, at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.

If a sufficient amount of liquid is vaporized within a closed container, it produces pressures that can rupture the pressure vessel. Hence the use of pressure relief valves and vent valves are important.

The expansion ratio of liquefied and cryogenic from the boiling point to ambient is:

nitrogen – 1 to 696

liquid helium – 1 to 745

argon – 1 to 842

liquid hydrogen – 1 to 850

liquid oxygen – 1 to 860

neon – Neon has the highest expansion ratio with 1 to 1445.

Liquid helium
Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquid helium may show superfluidity.

At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid form only at the extremely low temperature of −269 °C (−452.20 °F; 4.15 K). Its boiling point and critical point depend on the isotope of helium present: the common isotope helium-4 or the rare isotope helium-3. These are the only two stable isotopes of helium. See the table below for the values of these physical quantities. The density of liquid helium-4 at its boiling point and a pressure of one atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals) is about 125 g/L (0.125 g/ml), or about one-eighth the density of liquid water.
Hecke character
In number theory, a Hecke character is a generalisation of a Dirichlet character, introduced by Erich Hecke to construct a class of
L-functions larger than Dirichlet L-functions, and a natural setting for the Dedekind zeta-functions and certain others which have functional equations analogous to that of the Riemann zeta-function.

John Tate (mathematician)
John Torrence Tate Jr. (March 13, 1925 – October 16, 2019) was an American mathematician distinguished for many fundamental contributions in algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, and related areas in algebraic geometry. He was awarded the Abel Prize in 2010.
2023 London Athletics Meet
The 2023 London Athletics Meet, also known as London Diamond League, was the 70th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting held in London. Held on 23 July at London Stadium, it was the tenth leg of the 2023 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

The meeting was highlighted by Gudaf Tsegay beating Sifan Hassan over 5000 metres, with Alicia Monson setting the American record in tow. Over 50,000 people were in attendance, among the highest of any athletics meeting in 2023.

London Athletics Meet
The London Athletics Meet, formerly known as the London Grand Prix and subsequently as the Anniversary Games and London Diamond League, is an annual athletics event held in London, England. Previously one of the five IAAF Super Grand Prix events, it is now part of the Diamond League. From 1997 through 2005 the meetings were known as the British Grand Prix, before that name reverted to the meetings usually held in Gateshead and Birmingham.

As the London Grand Prix, until 2012 most editions were held at the National Sports Centre in Crystal Palace. The 2013 edition was renamed the Anniversary Games as it took place at the Stadium in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, exactly one year after the Olympic Games were held in the same venue. It was followed by an IPC London Grand Prix, making it a three-day event. In 2014 the meet was held in Glasgow, Scotland, as preparation for the Commonwealth Games held there later that month.
1978 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles
The 1978 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Memorial Sports Arena  in Los Angeles, California in the United States that was part of the 1978 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from January 23 through January 29, 1978. Second-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.

1978 WTA Tour
The 1978 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of two subsidiary circuits, the streamlined winter version of the Virginia Slims Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the United States) and the world wide Colgate International Series. The tour was administered by the Women's International Professional Tennis Council.
Crom Cruach
Crom Cruach (Old Irish: Cromm Crúaich [kɾom ˈkɾuːa̯xʲ]) was a pagan god of  pre-Christian Ireland. According to Christian writers, he was propitiated with human sacrifice and his worship was ended by Saint Patrick.

He is also referred to as Crom Cróich, Cenn Cruach/Cróich ([kʲen̪ː ˈkɾuːa̯x]) and Cenncroithi ([kʲen̪ː ˈkɾoθʲi]). He is related to the later mythological and folkloric figure Crom Dubh.

The references in a dinnsenchas  ("place-lore") poem in the 12th century to sacrifice in exchange for milk and grain suggest that Crom had a function as a fertility god. The description of his image as a gold figure surrounded by twelve stone or bronze figures has been interpreted by some as representing the sun surrounded by the signs of the zodiac, suggesting a function as a solar deity.

Solar deity
A solar deity or sun deity is a deity who represents the Sun or an aspect thereof. Such deities are usually associated with power and strength. Solar deities and Sun worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms. The English word sun derives from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ. The Sun is sometimes referred to by its Latin name Sol or by its Greek name Helios.
Daria Pogorzelec
Daria Pogorzelec (born 20 July 1990) is a Polish judoka who competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Pogorzelec beat Anamari Velenšek in the first round of the women's half-heavyweight competition, then Heide Wollert before losing to Mayra Aguiar. Pogorzelec was entered into the bronze medal repechage, where she lost to Abigél Joó.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Pogorzelec beat Hortence Atangana before losing to Luise Malzahn,

In 2013, Pogorzelec won bronze at the World Military Games.

Heide Wollert
Heide Wollert (born 16 May 1982 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German judoka. She competes in the ‍–‍78 kg weight-class. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, finishing in 7th.  At the 2012 Olympics, she was knocked out in the second round.
Charles Philibert-Thiboutot
Charles Philibert-Thiboutot (French pronunciation: [filibɛʁ tibuto]; born 31 December 1990) is a Canadian middle-distance runner who specializes in the 1500 metres. In his specialty event, he has represented Canada at the 2015, 2022, and 2023 World Championships as well as at the 2016 Olympics, having reached the semi-final on all occasions. He is also the 2023 Pan American Champion over 1500 m, having won a bronze medal in the same event at the 2015 edition.

In 2013 and 2015, Philibert-Thiboutot was selected as Canadian Interuniversity Sport Athlete of the Year.

1000 metres
The 1000 metres, 1 kilometre run, or 1K run is an uncommon middle-distance running event in track and field competitions. It consists of two and a half laps around an outdoor 400 m track, or five laps around an indoor 200 m track.

The 1000 yards, an imperial alternative, was sometimes also contested.
Campylobacter upsaliensis
Campylobacter upsaliensis is a gram-negative bacteria in the Campylobacter genus. C. upsaliensis is found worldwide, and is a common cause of campylobacteriosis in humans, as well as gastroenteritis in dogs and cats. Human infections are primarily associated with raw or undercooked meat and contaminated water sources, however there is some zoonotic risk associated with the spread from dogs and cats. C. upsaliensis primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract as it damages gastrointestinal epithelial cells. There are many methods for detecting C.upsaliensis including PCR and ELISA, however there is no current gold standard in detection techniques. Infection is typically self limiting, however there is antimicrobial therapy available.

Oxidase test
The oxidase test is used to determine whether an organism possesses the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. The test is used as an aid for the differentiation of Neisseria, Moraxella, Campylobacter and Pasteurella species (oxidase positive). It is also used to differentiate pseudomonads from related species.