hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raška (region)
Raška (Serbian Cyrillic: Рашка; Latin: Rascia) is a geographical and historical region of Serbia. Initially a small borderline district between early medieval Serbia and Bulgaria (city/area of Ras), and the Byzantine Empire, it became the center of the Grand Principality of Serbia and of the Serbian Kingdom in the mid-12th century. From that period on, the name of Raška became associated with the state of Serbia, eventually covering the south-western parts of modern Serbia, and historically also including north-eastern parts of modern Montenegro, and some of the most eastern parts of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its southern part covering the modern region of Sandžak.

Zlatibor District
The Zlatibor District (Serbian: Златиборски округ, romanized: Zlatiborski okrug, pronounced [zlǎtiboːrskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It is located in the western part of the country and with an area of 6,140 km² it is the largest district. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 254,659 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Zlatibor District is the city of Užice.
MSAV
Microsoft Anti-Virus (MSAV) is an antivirus program introduced by Microsoft for its MS-DOS operating system. The program first appeared in MS-DOS version 6.0 (1993)
and last appeared in MS-DOS 6.22. The first version of the antivirus program was basic, had no inbuilt update facility (updates had to be obtained from a BBS and manually installed by the user) and could scan for 1,234 different viruses. Microsoft Anti-Virus for Windows (MWAV), included as part of the package, was a front end that allowed MSAV to run properly on Windows 3.1x.

In 2009, Microsoft launched an in-house antivirus solution named Microsoft Security Essentials, which later was phased out in favor of Microsoft Defender.

Microsoft Defender Antivirus
Microsoft Defender Antivirus (formerly Windows Defender) is an antivirus software component for Microsoft Windows and mobile. It was first released as a downloadable free anti-spyware program for Windows XP and was shipped with Windows Vista and Windows 7. It has evolved into a full antivirus program, replacing Microsoft Security Essentials in Windows 8 or later versions.

In March 2019, Microsoft announced Microsoft Defender ATP for Mac for business customers to protect their Mac devices from attacks on a corporate network, and a year later, to expand protection for mobile devices, it announced Microsoft Defender ATP for Android and iOS devices, which incorporates Microsoft SmartScreen, a firewall, and malware scanning. The mobile version of Microsoft Defender also includes a feature to block access to corporate data if it detects a malicious app is installed.
Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Group B
Group B of the men's football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was played from 4 to 10 August 2016, and included Colombia, Japan, Nigeria and Sweden. The top two teams advanced to the knockout stage.

All times are BRT (UTC−3). For matches in Manaus, which is in AMT (UTC−4), local times are listed in parentheses.

Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Knockout stage
The knockout stage of the men's football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was played from 13 to 20 August 2016. The top two teams from each group in the group stage qualified for the knockout stage.

All times are local, BRT (UTC−3).
Wansbeck (UK Parliament constituency)
Wansbeck was a constituency in Northumberland in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was represented from its 1983 re-creation until its abolition for the 2024 general election by members of the Labour Party.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat's area was split between the two new seats of Blyth and Ashington and North Northumberland.

Whitley Bay
Whitley Bay is a seaside town in the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It was formerly governed as part of Northumberland and has been part of Tyne and Wear since 1974. It is part of the wider Tyneside built-up area, being around 10 miles (16 km) north-east of Newcastle upon Tyne city centre. The population of Whitley Bay at the 2021 census was 38,323.

Two notable landmarks are the Spanish City (a domed building on the seafront) and St Mary's Lighthouse, the latter on a small island near the town.
Military history of the Russian Federation
The military history of the Russian Federation began with the establishment of the Russian Armed Forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This was followed by its engagements in post-Soviet conflicts, from the war in Transnistria that started in 1990, after which many reforms were put in place during the late 1990s and the 2000s. Recently, the Russian military invaded Georgia in 2008 and Ukraine in 2014 and 2022, and intervened in the Syrian Civil War in 2015.

Anatoly Serdyukov
Anatoly Eduardovich Serdyukov (Russian: Анатолий Эдуардович Сердюков; born 8 January 1962) is a Russian politician and businessman. He was Russia's Minister of Defense from 15 February 2007 to 6 November 2012, and made several major reforms in the Russian military. He has worked as an Industrial Director for Rostec, a state corporation, since October 2015.
Dalsfjord Lighthouse Museum
The Dalsfjord Lighthouse Museum (Norwegian: Dalsfjord fyrmuseum) is a Norwegian museum founded in 1993. It is dedicated to documenting and presenting the social history of the people that built lighthouses, sector lights, markers, moorings, and ports along the Norwegian coastline.

The museum is located in Dravlaus in Volda Municipality, and it is part of the Sunnmøre Museum Foundation. The museum was opened in a new location with a new exhibit on November 8, 2012.

Volda Municipality
Volda is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Volda. Other villages in the municipality include Dravlaus, Fyrde, Straumshamn, Leira, Bjørke, and Grodås. The municipality is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the town of Ålesund.

The 877-square-kilometre (339 sq mi) municipality is the 132nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Volda Municipality is the 104th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 11,093. The municipality's population density is 12.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (33/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Robert H. Jackson United States Courthouse
The Robert H. Jackson United States Courthouse is a U.S. federal courthouse located in Buffalo, New York. The building occupies a full block of Delaware Avenue at Niagara Square, directly across from the Statler Towers and adjacent to Buffalo City Hall. The building features secure indoor parking for 54 vehicles, a glass entry pavilion that has all 4,536 words of the United States Constitution etched into the glass, and is topped off by a glass enclosure meant to resemble a glowing lantern when illuminated.

Buffalo City Hall
Buffalo City Hall is the seat for municipal government in the City of Buffalo, New York. Located at 65 Niagara Square, the 32-story Art Deco skyscraper was completed in 1931 by Dietel, Wade & Jones.

The 398-foot-tall (121.3 m) building is one of the largest and tallest municipal buildings in the United States and is also one of the tallest buildings in Western New York. It was designed by architects George J. Dietel and John Wade. The friezes were sculpted by Albert Stewart and the sculpture executed by Rene Paul Chambellan. The foyer features a bronze tablet honoring Mayor Charles E. Roesch, created in 1937 by regional sculptor William Ehrich.

Buffalo City Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It is located within the Joseph Ellicott Historic District.
CCL17
CCL17 is a powerful chemokine produced in the thymus and by antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. CCL17 plays a complex role in cancer. It attracts T-regulatory cells allowing for some cancers to evade an immune response. However, in other cancers, such as melanoma, an increase in CCL17 is linked to an improved outcome. CCL17 has also been linked to autoimmune and allergic diseases.

Helper T cell
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune system. They aid the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines. They are considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross-tolerance in dendritic cells, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils. CD4+ cells are mature Th cells that express the surface protein CD4. Genetic variation in regulatory elements expressed by CD4+ cells determines susceptibility to a broad class of autoimmune diseases.
Diplodocinae
Diplodocinae is an extinct subfamily of diplodocid sauropods that existed from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of North America, Europe, Africa and South America, about 161.2 to 136.4 million years ago. Genera within the subfamily include Tornieria, Supersaurus, Leinkupal, Galeamopus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, and Ardetosaurus.

Cladogram of the Diplodocidae after Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson (2015).

Barosaurus
Barosaurus (/ˌbæroʊˈsɔːrəs/ BARR-oh-SOR-əs) is a genus of giant, long-tailed, long-necked, plant-eating sauropod dinosaur closely related to the more familiar Diplodocus. Definitive remains have been found in the Morrison Formation from the Upper Jurassic Period of South Dakota, Utah and Montana, with other possible remains also found in Colorado, eastern Wyoming and Oklahoma. The generic name, Barosaurus, comes from the Greek words barys (βαρυς) meaning "heavy" and sauros (σαυρος) meaning "lizard", and thus meaning "heavy lizard".
Hamilton Robinson
Hamilton Robinson (c. 1908–1984) was a 20th-century civil servant, best known as director of the State Department's Office of Controls (which included its departmental loyalty board), for which he was attacked as a "security risk" by U.S. Representative Fred E. Busbey (Illinois's 3rd district).

Bert Andrews (journalist)
Bertrand Albert Andrews Jr. (June 2, 1901 – August 21, 1953) was a Washington-based reporter for the New York Herald Tribune who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1948 for his article "A State Department Security Case."
Haasiella
Haasiella is a fungal genus in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is a monotypic genus that contains only the species Haasiella venustissima. Haasiella splendidissima, formerly considered to be a distinct species based on its 4-spored basidia, was found by a DNA study to be synonymous with Haasiella venustissima. Haasiella venustissima is only known from Europe and is saprotrophic on wood. Haasiella was described as a new genus in 1966 by Czech mycologists František Kotlaba and Zdeněk Pouzar. It is most closely related to the genus Hygrophorus.

The genus name is in honour of Hans Haas, a German mycologist, who was a specialist on Agaricus from Schnait near
Stuttgart.

Agaricus
Agaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom (A. bisporus) and the field mushroom (A. campestris), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West.
Tettigidea empedonepia
Tettigidea empedonepia, the Torreya pygmy grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae. The type locality is Camp Torreya in Liberty County, Florida. According to Orthoptera Species File, it has also been found in Cuba.

Tetrigidae
Tetrigidae is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, pygmy grasshoppers, pygmy devils or (mostly historical) "grouse locusts".
Aoba Fujino
Aoba Fujino (藤野 あおば, Fujino Aoba; IPA: [ɸɯʑino aꜜoba]; born 27 January 2004) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Women's Super League club Manchester City and the Japan national team.

2025 SheBelieves Cup
The 2025 SheBelieves Cup, named the 2025 SheBelieves Cup Presented by Visa for sponsorship reasons, was the tenth edition of the SheBelieves Cup, an invitational women's soccer tournament held in the United States. Featuring national teams from Australia, Colombia, Japan, and the United States, the tournament was held from February 20 to 26, 2025.

Japan won the tournament for the first time.

Australia and Colombia made their debut appearances in the SheBelieves Cup.
Hodu-gwaja
Hodu-gwaja (Korean: 호두과자; "walnut cookie"), commonly translated as walnut cookies, walnut cakes, and walnut pastries, is a type of cookie originated from Cheonan, South Korea. It is also known by the name hodo-gwaja (호도과자; which is not the Standard Korean spelling but the name used by Hakhwa walnut cookies, the company that first produced the confection) in and outside Korea.

It is a walnut-shaped baked confection with red bean paste filling, whose outer dough is made of skinned and pounded walnuts and wheat flour. Ones that are made in Cheonan, South Chungcheong Province, are called "Cheonan hodu-gwaja" and are a local specialty.

Hangwa
Hangwa (Korean: 한과) is a general term for traditional Korean confections. With tteok (rice cakes), hangwa forms the sweet food category in Korean cuisine. Common ingredients of hangwa include grain flour, fruits and roots, sweet ingredients such as honey and yeot, and spices such as cinnamon and ginger.
Chainplate
A chainplate is a metal plate used to fasten a shroud or stay to the hull of a sailboat to support the mast that sails are attached to.  One end of the chainplate is normally fastened to a turnbuckle which is connected to the shroud or stay, whereas the remainder of the chainplate normally has multiple holes that are bolted to the hull, or the chains. This distributes the load across the hull, making it possible for a somewhat lighter hull to support the load of the shrouds and stays.
Chainplates are commonly made from stainless steel or bronze. Stainless steel will corrode over time but bronze lasts the life of the yacht.

Turnbuckle
A turnbuckle, stretching screw or bottlescrew is a device for adjusting the tension or length of ropes, cables, tie rods, and other tensioning systems. It normally consists of two threaded eye bolts, one screwed into each end of a small metal frame, one with a conventional right-hand thread and the other with a left-hand thread. The tension can be adjusted by rotating the frame, which causes both eye bolts to be screwed in or out simultaneously, without twisting the eye bolts or attached cables.
Margaret Jamieson
Margaret Jamieson (born 1953 in Kilmarnock) is a retired Scottish Labour politician . She was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun constituency from 1999 to 2007.

In 2007, she lost her seat to Willie Coffey of the Scottish National Party (SNP).

Prior to 1999, she had worked as a UNISON official.

Willie Coffey
William Lynch Coffey (born 24 May 1958) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. He has been a  Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Kilmarnock and Irvine Valley since 2011, and previously Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 2007 to 2011, before boundary changes.

Coffey studied at the University of Strathclyde where he obtained a degree in Computer Science. He subsequently worked as Software Development Manager and latterly as a Quality and Risk Manager with Learning and Teaching Scotland before his election to the Scottish Parliament. He has been a councillor on East Ayrshire Council.
Terry Dowling
Terence William (Terry) Dowling (born 21 March 1947), is an Australian writer and journalist.

He is primarily a writer of speculative fiction but refers to himself as an "imagier" – one who imagines, a term which liberates his writing from the constraints of specific genres. He has been called "among the best-loved local writers and most-awarded in and out of Australia, a writer who stubbornly hews his own path (one mapped ahead, it is true, by Cordwainer Smith, J. G. Ballard and Jack Vance)."

Ditmar Award
The Ditmar Award (formally the Australian SF ("Ditmar") Award; formerly the "Australian Science Fiction Achievement Award") has been awarded annually since 1969 at the Australian National Science Fiction Convention (the "Natcon") to recognise achievement in Australian science fiction (including fantasy and horror) and science fiction fandom. The award is similar to the Hugo Award but on a national rather than international scale.

They are named for Martin James Ditmar "Dick" Jenssen, an Australian fan and artist, who financially supported the awards at their inception.

The current rules for the award (which had for many years been specified only in the minimalist "Jack Herman constitution") were developed in 2000 and 2001 as a result of controversy resulting from the withdrawal of the works of several prominent writers from eligibility, and the rules are subject to revision by the "Business Meeting" of the Natcon.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta, also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial or PDHE1-B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDHB gene. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2, and provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The PDH complex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The E1 enzyme is a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. This gene encodes the E1 beta subunit. Mutations in this gene are associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-beta deficiency.

Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. Every genome sequenced to date encodes enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate. In humans, CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine, pantothenate (vitamin B5), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In its acetyl form, coenzyme A is a highly versatile molecule, serving metabolic functions in both the anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acetyl-CoA is utilised in the post-translational regulation and allosteric regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase to maintain and support the partition of pyruvate synthesis and degradation.
Steenbras Upper Dam
Steenbras Upper Dam is an earth-fill type dam located in the Hottentots Holland Mountains above Gordons Bay in the Western Cape, South Africa. It impounds the Steenbras River upstream of the older Steenbras Dam. The dam was constructed in 1977 for the City of Cape Town and serves mainly for municipal and industrial use. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).

Steenbras Upper Dam also functions as the upper reservoir of the city's Steenbras pumped-storage hydroelectric power scheme, with a lower reservoir at the foot of the mountain. It is also linked by an open canal and pipeline to the Rockview Dam, which acts as the upper reservoir of the Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme, a separate pumped-storage scheme operated by Eskom and the Department of Water and Sanitation. The link allows water from the Palmiet River to be transferred to the dam.

Rockview Dam
Rockview Dam is a zoned earth-fill/rock-fill type dam located on the Palmiet River near Grabouw, Western Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1986 and serves mainly for pumping purposes (storage). The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).
George Gruntz
George Gruntz (24 June 1932 – 10 January 2013) was a Swiss jazz pianist, organist, harpsichordist, keyboardist, and composer known for the George Gruntz Concert Big Band and his work with Phil Woods, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Don Cherry, Chet Baker, Art Farmer, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, and Mel Lewis.

Gruntz, who was born in Basel, Switzerland, was also an accomplished arranger and composer, having been commissioned by many orchestras and symphonies. From 1972 to 1994, he served as artistic director of JazzFest Berlin.

He died at the age of 80 in January 2013.

Chet Baker
Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr. (December 23, 1929 – May 13, 1988) was an American jazz trumpeter and vocalist. He is known for major innovations in cool jazz that led him to be nicknamed the "Prince of Cool".

Baker earned much attention and critical praise through the 1950s, particularly for albums featuring his vocals: Chet Baker Sings (1954) and It Could Happen to You (1958). Jazz historian Dave Gelly described the promise of Baker's early career as "James Dean, Sinatra, and Bix, rolled into one". His well-publicized drug habit also drove his notoriety and fame. Baker was in and out of jail frequently before enjoying a career resurgence in the late 1970s and 1980s.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
The United States House of Representative elections of 2002 in North Carolina were held on November 5, 2002, as part of the biennial elections to the United States House of Representatives.  All thirteen seats in North Carolina, and 435 nationwide, were elected.

The election saw the number of represented elected from North Carolina increase by one after the 2000 census.  The Republicans won seven seats, as in 2000, while the Democrats gained one to put them at six.

This election should not be confused with the 2002 North Carolina House of Representatives election, which was held on the same day.

2000 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
The United States House of Representative elections of 2000 in North Carolina were held on 3 November 2000 as part of the biennial election to the United States House of Representatives.  All twelve seats in North Carolina, and 435 nationwide, were elected.

As in 1998, no districts changed hands, with the Republicans winning seven and the Democrats winning five of the twelve seats.  All incumbents ran for office again, with all winning, meaning that no new representatives were elected.
Dinu Solanki
Dinubhai Boghabhai Solanki (born 1958) was a politician from Gir Somnath, Gujarat.
Solanki won the Gujarat Legislative assembly seat from Kodinar in 2002 with a margin of 2,000 votes, and in 2009 was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha after defeating his Indian National Congress rival Jashubhai Dhanabhai Barad by a margin of 1.8%.

Jashubhai Dhanabhai Barad
Jashubhai Dhanabhai Barad (15 September 1955 – 25 January 2016) was an Indian politician from Gujarat. He served as a Member of Parliament in the 14th Lok Sabha, representing the Junagadh constituency and Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Somnath & Talala
Patrick Maxwell (British physician)
Patrick Henry Maxwell is a British physician and the Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge, a position he has held since 2012. His research focuses regulation of gene expression by changes in oxygen.

Maxwell studied for a DPhil in Medicine at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He undertook postgraduate clinical and research training in nephrology and general medicine at Guy's Hospital and in Oxford.

In the 2024 Birthday Honours, Maxwell was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to medical research.

Regius Professor of Physic (Cambridge)
The Regius Professorship of Physic is one of the oldest professorships at the University of Cambridge, founded by Henry VIII in 1540. "Physic" is an old word for medicine (and the root of the word 'physician'): it does not refer to the study of physics. The Regius Professor of Physic is ex officio head of the School of Clinical Medicine at the university.