hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Subscription Purse
The Great Subscription Purses were a series of flat horse races in Great Britain run at York Racecourse, usually over a distance of 4 miles, that took place each year in August from 1751 to 1833. During the second half of the 18th century they were amongst the most important races in the county, but during the 19th century their importance declined as racing became more focused on shorter distances.

Stone (unit)
The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st.) is an English and British imperial unit of mass equal to 14 avoirdupois pounds (6.35 kg). The stone continues in customary use in the United Kingdom and Ireland for body weight.

England and other Germanic-speaking countries of Northern Europe formerly used various standardised "stones" for trade, with their values ranging from about 5 to 40 local pounds (2.3 to 18.1 kg) depending on the location and objects  weighed. With the advent of metrication, Europe's various "stones" were superseded by or adapted to the kilogram from the mid-19th century onward.
98th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 98th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, later the 98th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry, was an infantry and mounted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Battle of Hoover's Gap
The Battle of Hoover's Gap (24 June 1863) was the principal battle in the Tullahoma Campaign of the American Civil War, in which Union General William S. Rosecrans drove General Braxton Bragg’s Confederates out of Central Tennessee. Rosecrans’ feigned move on the western end of the Confederate line had left the eastern mountain passes lightly defended, and Colonel John T. Wilder's mounted infantry achieved total surprise when they attacked Hoover's Gap. Success was attributed both to Rosecrans’ brilliant deception tactics and the high morale of Wilder’s "Lightning Brigade", equipped with the new Spencer repeating rifle.
Hiram Monserrate
Hiram Monserrate (Spanish pronunciation: [monseˈrate]; born July 12, 1967)  is an American politician and ex-convict who was a New York State Senator from 2009 to 2010 and a member of the New York City Council from 2006 to 2009.

Jeffrion L. Aubry
Jeffrion L. Aubry (born February 8, 1948) is an American politician from the state of New York. A Democrat, Aubry represented District 35 in the New York State Assembly from 1992 to 2024; his district comprises East Elmhurst, LeFrak City, and parts of Corona, Woodside, Elmhurst and Rego Park, Queens.
Duke of Olomouc
Duke of Olomouc (Latin: dux) or Prince of Olomouc (Czech: kníže olomoucký) was a title held by members of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty in medieval Moravia, where Olomouc was a gord (Slavic fortified settlement).

Bretislav I (r. 1031–?)

Otto (r. 1061–87)

Boleslaus (r. fl. 1087)

Svatopluk (r. 1090–1107)

Otto the Black (r. fl. 1126)

Václav (r. 1126–30)

Otto III (r. 1140–60)

Frederick (r. 1164–72)

Oldřich (r. 1173–77)

Vladimír (r. fl. 1195–96)

Mikulaš (r. fl. 1269)

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
South East Point
South East Point lies on the southerly tip of Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, Australia. It commands sensational views of Bass Strait and is a major landmark for all ships traveling between the southern Australian ports (Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth) and the Pacific Ocean. South East Point is the site of the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. The only access for visitors is a full-day hike from the Tidal River camping ground.

South East Point on Wilsons Promontory is one of the southerly points of the Australian mainland, but another point on Wilsons Promontory, South Point, is located still further in the south.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Schlechtendalia luzulifolia
Schlechtendalia is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Barnadesieae within the family Asteraceae. It is known in Portuguese as bolão de ouro, meaning "gold bullion". It is a perennial herbaceous plant, with rigid, linear leaves with a pointy tip. The corollas of the florets are yellow, and of the subbilobiate type, with four lobes merged into a strap, but split into teeth over half as deep, and one lobe (towards the centre of the flowerhead) free. This species flowers from September to December and the fruits are ripe in January or February. The only known species is Schlechtendalia luzulifolia, native to southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rocha), northern Argentina (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos). This species has sixteen chromosomes (2n=16).

Barnadesioideae
Barnadesioideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It comprises a single tribe, the Barnadesieae. The subfamily is endemic to South America. Molecular evidence suggests it is a basal clade within the family, and it is monophyletic.

The subfamily includes species of annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees up to 30 meters tall. Most are likely pollinated by hummingbirds.
Sanglau
Sanglau or Sanglao is a village in the Thuonoknyu tehsil in the Noklak district of Nagaland State, India. It is located 44 km south of the Noklak district headquarters and has 561 households. The Sanglao Pin code is 798626 and its postal head office is Noklak.

The language most widely spoken is Patsho Khiamniungan, that of the Patsho people there.

Patsho
Patsho, also spelled Pathso, is a village in the state of Nagaland within Northeast India. It is situated within the Indo-Burma region of Patkai range, towards the east of Mount Khülio-King. The town is considered one of the biggest villages in the Noklak district.
History of roads in Ireland
53°35′10″N 6°42′34″W﻿ / ﻿53.58615°N 6.70938°W﻿ / 53.58615; -6.70938

There have been routes and trackways in Ireland connecting settlements and facilitating trade since ancient times and the country now has an extensive network of public roads connecting all parts of the island.

Atlantic Corridor
The Atlantic corridor or Atlantic motorway is a proposed road project in Ireland. The scheme, announced in 2005, was intended to link Waterford in the South-East to Letterkenny in the North-West via motorway or dual carriageway by 2015. However, in part due to the post-2008 Irish economic downturn, major sections of the roadway were delayed or cancelled.

The Atlantic Corridor, when combined with the inter-urban motorways linking Dublin and the other cities, is intended to ring the island of Ireland and to connect primary population centres.
Finocchio's Club
Finocchio's Club was a former nightclub and bar in operation from 1936 to 1999 in North Beach, San Francisco, California. The club started as a speakeasy called the 201 Club in 1929 located at 406 Stockton Street. In 1933, with the repeal of prohibition, the club moved upstairs and started to offer female impersonation acts; after police raids in 1936 the club relocated to the larger 506 Broadway location. Finocchio's night club opened June 15, 1936 and was located in San Francisco, California, above Enrico's Cafe at 506 Broadway Street in North Beach.

North Beach, San Francisco
North Beach is a neighborhood in the northeast of San Francisco adjacent to Chinatown, the Financial District, and Russian Hill. The neighborhood is San Francisco's "Little Italy" and has historically been home to a large Italian American population, largely from Northern Italy. It still has many Italian restaurants and a sizeable Italian community, though many other ethnic groups currently live in the neighborhood. It was also the historic center of the beatnik subculture and has become one of San Francisco's main nightlife districts as well as a residential neighborhood populated by a mix of young urban professionals, families, and Chinese immigrants.

The American Planning Association (APA) has named North Beach as one of ten "Great Neighborhoods in America".
Crungus
A Crungus is an imaginary creature found in artificial intelligence text-to-image models, sometimes also referred to as a digital cryptid.  Twitch streamer, voice actor, and comedian Guy Kelly found that typing the made-up word into the Craiyon image generator consistently produced pictures of a monstrous, hairy humanoid.

He later tweeted about this which resulted in a very long thread of reactions and experiments with "Crungus" and variations of this AI-prompt also on different engines.

Since Craiyon version 2 was introduced in 2023, the prompt "Crungus" no longer produces the same imaginary creature.

DALL-E
DALL-E, DALL-E 2, and DALL-E 3 (stylised DALL·E) are text-to-image models developed by OpenAI using deep learning methodologies to generate digital images from natural language descriptions known as prompts.

The first version of DALL-E was announced in January 2021. In the following year, its successor DALL-E 2 was released. DALL-E 3 was released natively into ChatGPT for ChatGPT Plus and ChatGPT Enterprise customers in October 2023, with availability via OpenAI's API and "Labs" platform provided in early November. Microsoft implemented the model in Bing's Image Creator tool and plans to implement it into their Designer app. With Bing's Image Creator tool, Microsoft Copilot runs on DALL-E 3. In March 2025, DALL-E-3 was replaced in ChatGPT by GPT Image's native image-generation capabilities.
Western whipbird
The western whipbird (Psophodes nigrogularis) is a passerine bird found in several scattered populations in Southwest Australia.  It is predominantly olive green in colour. The western whipbird has sometimes been split into two species: the black-throated whipbird and the white-bellied whipbird.

John Gould
John Gould FRS (/ɡuːld/; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist who published monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. Because of his 1840s seven-volume series The Birds of Australia and its updates he has been considered the father of bird study in Australia, and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species.
Tata Hexa
Tata Hexa is a Mid-size SUV manufactured by Indian passenger and commercial vehicles manufacturer Tata Motors between 2017 and 2020. A heavily reworked Tata Aria, the Hexa was originally unveiled in the 2016 Geneva Motor Show and was launched into the Indian markets in January 2017.

The Hexa used Tata's Impact design language, also used in Tata Tiago, Tata Tigor, Tata Nexon and the Tata Harrier. The company used its three design studios in India, the UK and Italy for designing cars in this design framework.

Tata Tiago
The Tata Tiago is a 5-door hatchback city car made by Tata Motors in India since 2016.

Codenamed the "Kite" during development, the Tiago was previously announced as the Tata Zica, with "Zica" short for "zippy car", but it was changed because the launch of the car coincided with the outbreak of Zika virus. Tiago, a common Portuguese masculine name, was simultaneously picked from suggestions solicited online and from brand naming company Appella's fully validated shortlist of names, who were commissioned by Tata Motors to find an alternative name in February 2016.

Since March 2017, a sedan derivative of the Tiago known as the Tigor has been produced.
Doris Emerson Chapman
Doris Emerson Chapman (1903 – 1990) was a British artist and prehistorian.  She trained in Paris and then exhibited paintings in London during the 1920s and 1930s. She was associated with the Bloomsbury Group.  She then joined the Morven Institute of Archaeological Research to draw the megaliths of Avebury and produced measured drawings as they were excavated. In 1939 she wrote a guidebook titled Is This Your First Visit to Avebury?.

She also pioneered artistic facial reconstruction from skulls and in 1939 she published several illustrations of individuals from Lanhill long barrow in The Illustrated London News.

Bloomsbury Group
The Bloomsbury Group was a group of associated British writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the early 20th century. Among the people involved in the group were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster, Vanessa Bell, and Lytton Strachey. Their works and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics, as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality.

Although popularly thought of as a formal group, it was a loose collective of friends and relatives closely associated with the University of Cambridge for the men and King's College London for the women, who at one point lived, worked or studied together near Bloomsbury, London. According to Ian Ousby, "although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts." The historian Raymond Williams disputed the existence of the group and the extent of its impact.
Higher education in Sri Lanka
Higher education in Sri Lanka is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education. Higher education, also referred to as tertiary education occurs most commonly universities or degree-granting institutions. These may be public universities, public and private degree-granting institutions which award their own degrees or degrees from foreign universities. High visibility issues include limited capacity of public universities to cater for the demand and opposition to private universities from certain segments.

University of Sri Jayewardenepura
The University of Sri Jayewardenepura (also known as Jayawardhanapura University or USJ; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, romanized: Çri Jayawardhanapura Wishwawidyala, Tamil: ஸ்ரீ ஜயவர்தனபுர பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is a public university in Sri Lanka. It is in Gangodawila, Nugegoda, near Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, the country's administrative capital. It was formed in 1958 from the Vidyodaya Pirivena, a Buddhist educational centre which was founded in 1873 by Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera.
Eggnog
Eggnog /ˈɛɡˌnɒɡ/ (or egg nog), historically also known (when alcoholic) as milk punch or egg milk punch, is a rich, chilled, sweetened, creamy dairy-based beverage traditionally made with milk and/or cream, sugar, whipped eggs (which gives it a frothy texture) and, in some contexts, distilled spirits such as brandy, rum or bourbon.

Eggnog is traditionally consumed throughout Canada and the United States at Christmas every year, often from American Thanksgiving through the end of the Christmas season. During this period commercially prepared eggnog is sold in grocery stores in these countries. Eggnog is also often homemade. Distilled spirits are sometimes added to both commercially prepared eggnog and homemade eggnog. Eggnog or eggnog flavoring may also be used in other drinks, such as coffee (e.g. an "eggnog latte" espresso drink) and tea, or to dessert foods such as egg-custard puddings or eggnog-flavored ice cream.

Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages encompass coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine, have been consumed for centuries.

In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the psychoactive substance ethanol, have been part of human culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks typically refer to beverages that are traditionally alcoholic—such as beer, wine, or cocktails—but are produced with a very low alcohol by volume content. This category includes beverages that have undergone processes to remove or significantly reduce alcohol, such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.
Tamara Makarova
Tamara Fyodorovna Makarova (Russian: Тама́ра Фёдоровна Мака́рова; 13 August 1907 – 19 January 1997) was a Soviet and Russian film actress and pedagogue. She was awarded the title to the People's Artist of the USSR (1950) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1982).

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Srbijavoz
44°48′22.6″N 20°27′32″E﻿ / ﻿44.806278°N 20.45889°E﻿ / 44.806278; 20.45889

Srbijavoz (Serbian Cyrillic: Србијавоз; formerly Srbija Voz, Serbian Cyrillic: Србија Воз, Anglicized: Serbia Train) is the national passenger railway company of Serbia. Srbijavoz is an associate member of the International Union of Railways (UIC) since 2016.

Stadler KISS
The Stadler KISS is a family of bilevel electric multiple unit commuter trains developed and built since 2008 by Stadler Rail of Switzerland. As of 2025, around 700 KISS trainsets have been sold to operators in 14 countries. Boarding is done into the lower deck.
Gu Yong
Gu Yong (168 – November or December 243), courtesy name Yuantan, was a Chinese calligrapher, musician, and politician. He served as a minister and the second Imperial Chancellor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty in the Jiangdong region, Gu Yong studied under the tutelage of Cai Yong in his early years and earned high praise from his mentor. He started his career as a county chief and served in various counties throughout Jiangdong. Around the year 200, he came to serve the warlord Sun Quan, who controlled the Jiangdong territories, and performed well in office as an acting commandery administrator. After Sun Quan became the ruler of the independent state of Eastern Wu in 222, Gu Yong steadily rose through the ranks as a minister and ultimately became Imperial Chancellor. He held office for about 19 years from 225 until his death in 243.

Chen Shou
Chen Shou (Chinese: 陳壽; 233–297), courtesy name Chengzuo (承祚), was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer who lived during the Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. Chen Shou is best known for his most celebrated work, the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), which records the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. Chen Shou wrote the Sanguozhi primarily in the form of biographies of notable persons of those eras. Today, Chen's Records of the Three Kingdoms is part of the Twenty-Four Histories canon of Chinese history.
2012 Geneva Open Challenger
The 2012 Geneva Open Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Geneva, Switzerland between October 29 and November 4, 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Wola Jachowa
Wola Jachowa [ˈvɔla jaˈxɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górno, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Górno and 19 km (12 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Górno, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Górno [ˈɡurnɔ] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Górno. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Dishergarh
Dishergarh is a neighbourhood in Asansol of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is governed by Asansol Municipal Corporation. It is situated at the border of the Purulia district and Paschim Bardhaman district in West Bengal. The State Highway 5 (West Bengal) (SH5) passes through Dishergarh. The neighbourhood is located on the banks of Damodar River.

Barakar
Barakar (Bengali pronunciation: [bɔrakɔr]), is a neighbourhood in Asansol, Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is governed by the Asansol Municipal Corporation It is situated at the border of the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The Grand Trunk Road passes through Barakar. The neighbourhood is located on the banks of the river Barakar.
Hypertensive emergency
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Blood pressure is often above 200/120 mmHg, however there are no universally accepted cutoff values.

Intracranial hemorrhage
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is  bleeding within the skull. It can result from trauma, vascular abnormalities, hypertension, or other medical conditions. ICH is broadly categorized into several subtypes based on the location of the bleed: intracerebral hemorrhage (including intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages), subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma. Each subtype has distinct causes, clinical features, and treatment approaches.
USNS Sagitta
Sagitta (AK-87) was never commissioned and thus never bore the USS designation.

The ship, contracted as the United States Maritime Commission MV Moses Pike, transferred to Navy supervision for construction and was then transferred shortly after launch as Sagitta (AK-87) to the Army to become the Engineer Port Repair Ship Marvin Lyle Thomas. She was one of two such repair ships transferred to Navy in 1952 and served as the civilian crewed, unarmed USNS Sagitta (T-AK-87). The ship may have been unique among her type in being then transferred back to the Army in 1966.

U.S. Army Engineer Port Repair ship
The U.S. Army acquired ten ships during World War II as Engineer Port Repair Ships, also sometimes known as Port Rehabilitation ships, for use by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to clear war damaged harbors. The need was anticipated by 1942 for the post invasion recovery of ports in Europe and the Transportation Corps was assigned the responsibility to acquire and modify the ships that would be military crewed under the Corps of Engineers.