hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfredo Noel Iusem
Alfredo Noel Iusem (born 10 November 1949, in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine-born Brazilian mathematician working on mathematical optimization.

He earned his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1981 under the supervision of George Bernard Dantzig.

He is a recipient of Brazil's National Order of Scientific Merit in mathematics. Since 2001, he has been a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Regina Burachik was a student of his at Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada.

National Order of Scientific Merit
The National Order of Scientific Merit (Portuguese: Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico) is an honor bestowed upon Brazilian and foreign personalities recognized for their scientific and technical contributions to the cause and development of science in Brazil. It was instituted on March 16, 1993, by Decree no. 772, and then later updated on February 6, 2002, by Decree no. 4.115. The honors are given by either the Grand Master or Order Chancellor on June 13 of each year, which commemorates the birth of José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva.
Second government of Mariano Rajoy
The second government of Mariano Rajoy was formed on 4 November 2016, following the latter's election as prime minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 29 October and his swearing-in on 31 October, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2016 Spanish general election. It succeeded the first Rajoy government and was the government of Spain from 4 November 2016 to 7 June 2018, a total of 580 days, or 1 year, 7 months and 3 days.

The cabinet comprised members of the PP and a number of independents. It was dismissed on 1 June 2018 when a motion of no confidence against Rajoy succeeded, but remained in acting capacity until Pedro Sánchez's government was sworn in.

Spanish government departments
The Spanish government departments, commonly known as Ministries, are the main bodies through which the Government of Spain exercise its executive authority. They are also the top level of the General State Administration. The number of ministerial departments and their organization are established by a royal decree of the Monarch, on the advice of the Prime Minister, and all of them are headed by a Cabinet member called Minister.

Although the main organization is established by the Premier, the ministers have autonomy to organize its own department and to appoint the high-ranking officials of the ministries. It exists the possibility of ministers without portfolio, which are minister-level officials entrusted with a specific task and that do not head a department.

As of 2026, there are currently 22 ministerial departments.
2012 European Badminton Championships
The 2012 European Badminton Championships were the 23rd tournament of the European Badminton Championships. They were held in Karlskrona, Sweden, from 16 to 21 April 2012, and they were organised by the Badminton Europe and Svenska Badmintonförbundet. The competitions were held in Telenor Arena.

European Badminton Championships
The European Badminton Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton Europe (BE). It represents the highest level of continental competition in European badminton, and the winners of each event are recognised as the European champions.
Persecution of Jews
The persecution of Jews is a major component of Jewish history, and has prompted shifting waves of refugees and the formation of diaspora communities around the world. The earliest major event was in 597 BCE, when the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered the Kingdom of Judah and then persecuted and exiled its Jewish subjects. Antisemitism has been widespread across many regions of the world and practiced by many different empires, governments, and adherents of other religions.

Jews have been commonly used as scapegoats for tragedies and disasters such as in the Black Death persecutions, the 1066 Granada massacre, the Massacre of 1391 in Spain, the many pogroms in the Russian Empire, and the ideology of Nazism, which led to the Holocaust, the systematic murder of six million Jews during World War II.

Religious antisemitism
Religious antisemitism is the aversion to or discrimination against Jews as a whole based on religious doctrines of supersession, which expect or demand the disappearance of Judaism and the conversion of Jews to other faiths. This form of antisemitism has frequently served as the basis for false claims and religious antisemitic tropes against Judaism. Sometimes, it is called theological antisemitism.

Some scholars have argued that modern antisemitism is primarily based on nonreligious factors, John Higham is emblematic of this school of thought. However, this interpretation has been challenged. In 1966, Charles Glock and Rodney Stark first published public opinion polling data, which showed that most Americans based their stereotypes of Jews on religion. Since then, further opinion polling in America and Europe has supported this conclusion.
2009–10 Oldham Athletic A.F.C. season
The 2009–10 season was Oldham Athletic's 11th season in the third tier of the English football league system, and their 114th overall. The first-team squad was led by manager Dave Penney in his first season with the club, following the departure of former manager John Sheridan in the previous season.

Dave Penney
David Mark Penney (born 17 August 1964) is an English football manager and former player. Born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, Penney entered professional football at the relatively late age of 21. He had been working as a bricklayer and playing for nothing at Pontefract Collieries for five years before he was spotted by Derby County scout Ron Jukes, who recommended him to manager Arthur Cox. He was offered a contract at the then Third Division club and they climbed two divisions before he left for Oxford United for £175,000. He then went on to Wales, where he played for Swansea City and Cardiff City, latterly signing for Doncaster Rovers in 1998. He played as a midfielder.
1903 ISSF World Shooting Championships
The 7th UIT World Shooting Championships was the contemporary name of the ISSF World Shooting Championships held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1903.
The winners were Emil Kellenberger in the rifle competition and Benjamin Segura in the pistol competition.

ISSF World Shooting Championships
The ISSF World Shooting Championships are governed by the International Shooting Sport Federation. These championships, including all ISSF shooting events, are held every four years since 1954. For the shotgun events only, there is an additional World Championship competition in odd years.
Tadpole script
Tadpole script or Kedou (蝌蚪文, “蝌蚪书”、“蝌蚪篆”) is a variety of Chinese seal script.

Traditionally the origin is said to be that tadpole script manuscripts were first discovered when the house of Confucius was pulled down in the second century. The name comes from the tadpole-shape with big heads and tails of the characters. It was distinct from the insect script. However "tadpole script" can simply be a popular way of referring to the ancient script of the Chou period.

Seal script
Seal script or sigillary script (traditional Chinese: 篆書; simplified Chinese: 篆书; pinyin: Zhuànshū; lit. 'decorative engraving script') is a style of writing Chinese characters that was common throughout the latter half of the 1st millennium BC. It evolved organically out of bronze script during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC). The variant of seal script used in the state of Qin eventually became comparatively standardized, and was adopted as the formal script across all of China during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). It was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD).

The literal translation given above was coined during the Han dynasty, and reflects the role of the script being reduced to ceremonial inscriptions.
Bernard Shapero
Bernard John Shapero (born August 1963) is a British dealer in antiquarian rare books and works on paper, the founder of Shapero Rare Books of 94 New Bond Street, Mayfair, London. In 2005, Slate called him "London's most successful rare-book dealer and arguably the top dealer in the world today".

Shapero Rare Books
Shapero Rare Books is an antiquarian & rare bookshop and art gallery located at 94 New Bond Street in Mayfair, London. Established in 1979 by Bernard Shapero, the bookshop specializes in rare and antiquarian books, with particular expertise in travel and exploration literature, natural history, fine illustrated books, and works on paper.
2026 Mérida Open
The 2026 Mérida Open Akron is a WTA 500 tournament to be played on outdoor hardcourts as part of the 2026 WTA Tour. This will be the fourth edition of the Mérida Open, and will take place at the Yucatán Country Club in Mérida, Mexico, from 23 February to 1 March 2026.

Mérida Open
The Mérida Open, also known as Mérida Open Akron for sponsorship reasons, is a WTA tennis event held in Mérida, Mexico, part of the WTA Tour. It is listed as a WTA 500 tournament as of 2025, and is held at the Yucatán Country Club on outdoor hardcourts.

The first edition took place in February 2023 and was introduced as a WTA 250 tournament as a replacement for Abierto Zapopan.
In 2025, the tournament was upgraded to a WTA 500 status and moved to a new date in February to fill the vacancy generated by the cancellation of the San Diego Open.

The tournament main sponsor is Akron, a Mexican automotive products company, and has no connection with the city of Akron, Ohio.
History of the Greater Western Sydney Giants
The Australian Football League registered the name Western Sydney Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission in January 2008. On 12 March 2008 the AFL received unanimous support from the existing 16 clubs for two expansion teams to enter the league, one of which was to be based in western Sydney. The Western Sydney working party met on 22 July to discuss player rules and draft concessions.

The Australian Football League Commission continued to delay their final decision on the new western Sydney franchise throughout 2008 before announcing a $100 million redevelopment of Sydney Showground Stadium on 15 November.

Team GWS also announced former Essendon senior coach Kevin Sheedy was officially announced as Greater Western Sydney's inaugural head coach on 9 November 2009.

Kevin Sheedy (Australian footballer)
Kevin John Sheedy AO (born 24 December 1947) is a former Australian rules football coach and player in the Australian Football League. He played and coached in a combined total of 929 games over 47 years from 1967 until 2013, which is a VFL/AFL record. Sheedy was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2008 and on 29 May 2018 was elevated to Legend status.

On the field, Sheedy played for Richmond in the Victorian Football League during the 1960s and 1970s, captaining the side in 1978 and winning three premierships. He then coached Essendon in the VFL/AFL for nearly three decades from 1981 until 2007, winning four premierships and earning acclaim for his unusual and creative approaches to promoting the club and the game. Sheedy conceived the first Anzac Day game in 1995 involving Collingwood and the club he coached at the time, Essendon. In 2009, Sheedy joined the newly formed Greater Western Sydney as its inaugural AFL coach, and he coached there from 2012 until 2013.
Airdrome Fokker D-VIII
The Airdrome Fokker D-VIII is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a 3/4 scale replica of the First World War German Fokker D.VIII fighter, built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Fokker D.VIII
The Fokker E.V was a German parasol-monoplane fighter aircraft designed by Reinhold Platz and built by Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. The E.V was the last Fokker design to become operational with the Luftstreitkräfte entering service in the last months of World War I. After several fatal accidents due to wing failures, the aircraft was modified and renamed Fokker D.VIII. Dubbed the Flying Razor by post-war pulp-fiction writers, the D.VIII had the distinction of scoring the last aerial victory of the war.
IAS 26
IAS 26 is an International Accounting Standard issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that specifies the measurement and disclosure requirements for the reports of retirement benefit plans. It complements IAS 19 Employee Benefits, which deals with how employers report the costs of such plans in their own financial statements.

International Financial Reporting Standards
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are accounting standards issued by the IFRS Foundation and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They constitute a standardised way of describing a company's financial performance and position so that company financial statements are understandable and comparable across international boundaries. They are particularly relevant for companies with publicly listed shares or securities.

IFRS have replaced many different national accounting standards around the world but have not replaced the separate accounting standards in the United States, where US GAAP is applied.
Doux (river)
The Doux (French pronunciation: [du] ⓘ; Occitan: Dòç) is a tributary of the Rhône in the Haute-Loire and Ardèche departments, France. It is 70 km (43 mi) long. It begins in the Massif Central and joins the Rhône in Tournon-sur-Rhône. It passes through the town Lamastre. The Chemin de fer du Vivarais heritage railway from Tournon-sur-Rhône to Lamastre runs through the Doux valley.

Massif Central
The Massif Central (French pronunciation: [masif sɑ̃tʁal]) is a highland region in south-central France consisting of mountains and plateaus. It covers about 15% of mainland France.

Subject to volcanism that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north–south cleft created by the Rhône river and known in French as the sillon rhodanien (literally "Rhône furrow"). The region was a barrier to transport within France until the opening of the A75 motorway, which not only made north–south travel easier but also opened access to the massif itself.
Younger Lagoon Reserve
Younger Lagoon Reserve is a 72-acre (28-hectare) University of California Natural Reserve System reserve on the northern shore of Monterey Bay in Santa Cruz County, California. The site is owned by the University of California and managed for teaching and research. It is adjacent to Long Marine Laboratory.

The reserve encompasses a pocket beach, seasonal lagoon, wetlands, and coastal prairie on the western edge of the city of Santa Cruz. Other features include a sea stack, sea caves, and tidepools.

Monterey Bay
Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco itself is farther north along the coast, by about 75 miles (120 km), accessible via CA 1 and US 101.

Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay, and Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The "Monterey Bay Area" is a regional term used to describe the Monterey Bay-adjacent Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito counties. The three counties, along with Monterey Bay-adjacent cities, collaborate in the Association of Monterey Bay Governments (AMBAG) on regional issues and come together for events like the State of the Region hosted by the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership.
Szczebrzusz
Szczebrzusz [ˈʂt͡ʂɛbʐuʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubnice, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Łubnice, 20 km (12 mi) south of Staszów, and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Łubnice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Łubnice [wubˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łubnice. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) south of Staszów and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Willie Brown (American football, born 1942)
Willie Brown (March 21, 1942 – July 26, 2018) was an American college and professional football player and coach. A star college football player for the USC Trojans, he went on to play three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). After his playing career, he served as a coach for the Trojans and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.

USC Trojans baseball
The USC Trojans baseball program represents the University of Southern California in college baseball. Established in 1888, the team is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Big Ten Conference.  USC’s home field is Dedeaux Field, which is named in honor of former head coach and National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Rod Dedeaux.

The USC Trojans are the most successful team in the history of American college baseball, having won more baseball national championships than any other program across all divisions of college baseball, with 12 national championships.

USC's most notable baseball coach was Rod Dedeaux, who coached from 1942 to 1986 and led the school to 11 of its NCAA championships, including five straight from 1970 to 1974.  The first Trojan national championship came in 1948.  The 12th and most recent NCAA championship came in 1998.
Centre for Alternative Technology
The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) (Welsh: Canolfan y Dechnoleg Amgen) is a charity and eco-centre in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development. CAT, despite its name, no longer concentrates its efforts exclusively on alternative technology, but provides information on all aspects of sustainable living.

CAT is open to group visitors, offers postgraduate degrees as well as short courses, and publishes information on renewable energy, sustainable architecture, organic farming, gardening, and sustainable living. CAT also runs education programmes for schools and visiting universities, businesses, community groups and any other group who would benefit for a visit to CAT to explore sustainability education. CAT is a membership organisation with a large and engaged supporter base. CAT’s Clean Slate magazine is a quarterly update on CAT’s work and wider sustainability education.

Sustainable living
Sustainable living describes a lifestyle that attempts to reduce the use of Earth's natural resources by an individual or society. Its practitioners often attempt to reduce their ecological footprint (including their carbon footprint) by altering their home designs and methods of transportation, energy consumption and diet. Its proponents aim to conduct their lives in ways that are consistent with sustainability, naturally balanced, and respectful of humanity's symbiotic relationship with the Earth's natural ecology. The practice and general philosophy of ecological living closely follows the overall principles of sustainable development.

One approach to sustainable living, exemplified by small-scale urban transition towns and rural ecovillages, seeks to create self-reliant communities based on principles of simple living, which maximize self-sufficiency, particularly in food production. These principles, on a broader scale, underpin the concept of a bioregional economy.
Economy of Greenland
The economy of Greenland consists of a large public sector and comprehensive foreign trade. This has resulted in an economy with periods of strong growth, considerable inflation, unemployment problems and extreme dependence on capital inflow from the Kingdom Government. Greenland's economy is hampered by lack of infrastructure with less than 100 miles of paved roads and no railways. However, as of 2012, partly due to the retreating ice sheet due to climate change, it was starting to emerge as a territory rich with untapped mining resources.

Royal Greenland Trading Department
The Royal Greenland Trading Department (Danish: Den Kongelige Grønlandske Handel, KGH) was a Danish state enterprise charged with administering the realm's settlements and trade in Greenland. The company managed the government of Greenland from 1774 to 1908 through its Board of Managers in Copenhagen and a series of Royal Inspectors and Governors in Godthaab and Godhavn on Greenland. The company was headquartered at Grønlandske Handels Plads at Christianshavn.

Following the introduction of home rule in Greenland in 1979, the company was reformed into several successors, including the KNI conglomerate, the Royal Greenland fishing company, and the Royal Arctic shipping company.
Internet in Romania
In Romania, there are 18.8 million connections to the Internet (June 2016). Romania's country code (top level domain) is .ro. The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. There were over 600 000 domains registered under .ro at the end of 2012.

.ro
.ro is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Romania. It is administered by the National Institute for R&D in Informatics. As of December 2007, about 250,000 domains were registered under the .ro domain. In June 2008 there were around 6.8 million Google results for the .ro domain. In June 2012, there were 732,867 .ro domain names, while in September 2017, there were 928,357.
Phyllonorycter sorbicola
Phyllonorycter sorbicola is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (the islands of Hokkaido and Shikoku) and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 6–7 mm.

The larvae feed as leaf miners on Sorbus matsumurana, Sorbus commixta, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus avium, Malus pumila and Malus asiatica.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Leiv Kristen Sydnes
Leiv Kristen Sydnes (born 9 July 1948) is a Norwegian chemist, specializing in organic chemistry.

He was born in Haugesund, and took his education at the University of Oslo. He has the dr.philos. degree from 1978. He was hired as an associate professor at the University of Tromsø in 1978, and was later promoted to professor. In 1993, he moved to the University of Bergen. He presided over the Norwegian Chemical Society from 1992 to 1996 and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) from 2004 to 2005. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

Sydnes stood for election as rector of the University of Bergen in 2005, but lost the election to Sigmund Grønmo. In 2009, he applied for the position as rector of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology; here the rectors are hired rather than elected.

Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.

The academy was founded in Trondheim in 1955. the academy has about 290 fellows under the age of 65 and a total of 730 members. King Harald is the academy's high protector, in recognition of the academy's importance to society.

It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).

NTVA is one of four learned societies in Norway. The others are Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and Agder Vitenskapsakademi.