hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fluoride volatility
Fluoride volatility is the tendency of highly fluorinated molecules to vaporize at comparatively low temperatures. Heptafluorides, hexafluorides and pentafluorides have much lower boiling points than the lower-valence fluorides. Most difluorides and trifluorides have high boiling points, while most tetrafluorides and monofluorides fall in between.   The term "fluoride volatility" is jargon used particularly in the context of separation of radionuclides.

Long-lived fission product
Long-lived fission products (LLFPs) are radioactive materials with a long half-life (more than 200,000 years) produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium. Because of their persistent radiotoxicity, it is necessary to isolate them from humans and the biosphere and to confine them in nuclear waste repositories for geological periods of time. The focus of this article is radioisotopes (radionuclides) generated by fission reactors.
Rotating pocket heater
A rotating pocket heater, also called pocket heater or Kinder heater, holds and rotates a substrate during vacuum deposition.  During rotation, the substrate is sequentially exposed to more than one environment, for example, heat, oxygen, metal vapor, etc. Rotating pocket heaters has been used in reactive evaporation system to create YBa2Cu3O7 layers on planar semiconductor wafers.

Vacuum deposition
Vacuum deposition is a group of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum). The deposited layers can range from a thickness of one atom up to millimeters, forming freestanding structures. Multiple layers of different materials can be used, for example to form optical coatings. The process can be qualified based on the vapor source; physical vapor deposition uses a liquid or solid source and chemical vapor deposition uses a chemical vapor.
Ellis Smith
Ellis Smith (4 November 1896 – 7 November 1969) was a British Labour Party politician.  He was elected at the 1935 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Stoke and served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade from 1945 to 1946. He was elected the first MP for the new Stoke-on-Trent South constituency when the seat was created in 1950, and served until his retirement in 1966.  His successor was Jack Ashley.

Jack Ashley, Baron Ashley of Stoke
Jack Ashley, Baron Ashley of Stoke (6 December 1922 – 20 April 2012) was a British politician. He was a Labour Member of Parliament in the House of Commons for Stoke-on-Trent South for 26 years, from 1966 to 1992, and subsequently sat in the House of Lords. He was a long-term campaigner for disabled people.
Christiane Berger-Schaffitzel
Christiane Helene Berger-Schaffitzel is a German biochemist and Professor at the University of Bristol. Her research considers the ribosome and translational control mechanism. Her research team identified that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could bind linoleic acid.

Cryogenic electron microscopy
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed in the 1970s, advances in detector technology and software allow biomolecular structures to be imaged at near-atomic resolution. The approach has become a popular alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy in structural biology.

When scanning biological specimens, sample structure is preserved by embedding in vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane.

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Nature Methods also named cryo-EM as the "Method of the Year" in 2015.
Hebrew astronomy
Hebrew astronomy refers to any astronomy written in Hebrew or by Hebrew speakers, or translated into Hebrew, or written by Jews in Judeo-Arabic. It includes a range of genres from the earliest astronomy and cosmology contained in the Bible, mainly the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible or "Old Testament"), to Jewish religious works like the Talmud and very technical works.

Some Persian and Arabian traditions ascribe the invention of astronomy to Adam, Seth and Enoch. Some scholars suggest that the signs of the zodiac, or Mazzaloth, and the names of the stars associated with them originally were created as a mnemonic device by these forefathers of the Hebrews to tell the story of the Bible.

Historian Flavius Josephus says Seth and his offspring preserved ancient astronomical knowledge in pillars of stone.

Samuel of Nehardea
Samuel of Nehardea or Samuel bar Abba, often simply called Samuel (Hebrew: שמואל) and occasionally Mar Samuel, was a Jewish Amora of the first generation; son of Abba bar Abba and head of the Yeshiva at Nehardea, Babylonia. He was a teacher of halakha, judge, physician, and astronomer. He was born about 165 CE at Nehardea, and died there in 254 CE. In the Talmud, Samuel is frequently associated with Abba Arikha ("Rav"), with whom he debated on many issues.
Passage Canal
Passage Canal is a natural bay (not an artificial canal) of Prince William Sound on the east coast of the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, United States. Its only settlement is the small town of Whittier, located near the head of the bay.

It is called the gateway to Prince William Sound as many water taxis, kayak tours, anglers, and recreational boaters use the bay to access nearby state marine parks and federal cabins.

The town of Whittier was founded along the banks of Passage Canal to serve as a secret deep water port for the United States military during World War II.

Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").
Journal of NeuroVirology
The Journal of NeuroVirology is a medical journal that publishes review articles on the molecular biology, immunology, genetics, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of CNS disorders with the goal of bridging the gap between basic and clinical studies, and enhancing translational research in neurovirology. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The Journal of NeuroVirology is the official journal of the International Society for Neurovirology.

CAB Direct
CAB Direct is a source of references for the applied life sciences It incorporates two  bibliographic databases: CAB Abstracts and Global Health. CAB Direct is an access point for multiple bibliographic databases produced by CABI. This database contains over 11 million bibliographic records, which includes  746,000 full text articles. It also includes noteworthy literature reviews. News articles and reports are also part of this combined database. CAB Direct has now migrated to CABI's new platform CABI Digital Library - the new home of CABI's research content.

In the U.K., in 1947, the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux became the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux or CAB. In 1986 the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux became CAB International or CABI.
Josh Teague
Joshua Baden Teague (born February 1975) is an Australian politician. He has been a Liberal member of the South Australian House of Assembly since the 2018 state election, representing Heysen.

On 8 September 2020, he was elected as Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly. He left the role on 12 October 2021. In November 2021, he was appointed as Minister for Planning and Local Government, with the Attorney-General role intended to be acting only. He held these portfolios until his party lost the election at the 2022 state election. He was elected as Deputy Leader of the SA Liberal Party on 18 December 2024.

Teague, a lawyer, is the son of former senator Baden Teague.

Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly
The Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the South Australian House of Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia. The other presiding officer is the President of the South Australian Legislative Council.

As of the passage of the Constitution (Independent Speaker) Amendment Act 2021 (SA), the Speaker is constitutionally banned from being a member of a registered political party outside of a "relevant election period".

The current Speaker is independent MP Leon Bignell.
2nd Executive Council of the People's Republic of Croatia
The 2nd Executive Council of the People's Republic of Croatia was that state's executive organ of government from 1953 to 1958. The Executive Council was voted in at a joint session of the Republican Council and the Council of Producers on 18 December 1953.

Socialist Republic of Croatia
The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred to as simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By its constitution, modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation.

Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (see below). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution.
Japanese Lighthouse (Poluwat, Chuuk)
The Japanese Lighthouse, or Poluwat Lighthouse, is an abandoned lighthouse situated on  Alet Island in Poluwat, Chuuk in the Federated States of Micronesia. It was completed in 1940 by the Japanese and was in use until being attacked by U.S. forces in World War II. It was listed on the  National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The lighthouse is a good example of pre-World War II "marine architecture" built by the Japanese.

Chuuk State
Chuuk State (/ˈtʃuːk/; also known as Truk) is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It consists of several island groups: Nomoneas, Faichuuk, the Hall Islands, Namonuito Atoll (Magur Islands), Pattiw (Western Islands), and the Mortlock Islands. Chuuk is by far the FSM's most populous state, with 50,000 inhabitants on 120 square kilometers (46 square miles). Chuuk Lagoon is where most people live. Weno island, in the lagoon, is Chuuk's state capital and the country's biggest city. It may hold a referendum on independence in the near future, although this referendum has been repeatedly postponed.
Analog stick
An analog stick (analogue stick in British English), also known as a control stick, thumbstick or joystick, is an input method designed for video games that translates thumb movement into directional control. It consists of a protruding stick mounted on a pivot, with movement registered through continuous electrical signals rather than discrete switches, allowing for greater nuance than traditional digital inputs.

Unlike D-pads, which rely on fixed electrical contacts, analog sticks use potentiometers to measure their position across a full range of motion. Many models allow the stick to be pressed down like a button, allowing users to execute commands without removing their thumb from the stick. Since its introduction, the analog stick has largely replaced the D-pad as the primary directional input in modern game controllers.

Dual Analog Controller
The Dual Analog Controller (SCPH-1150 in Japan, SCPH-1180 in the United States, and SCPH-1180e in Europe) is Sony's first handheld analog controller for the PlayStation, and the predecessor to the DualShock; the first analog controller was the PlayStation Analog Joystick (SCPH-1110). It was also the first controller in the PlayStation family of video game consoles to support force feedback in games, but only on the Japanese-market controller; this functionality was later implemented in the DualShock, which was released internationally.
Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation
The Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation are a paramilitary formation that originally performed non-military and public safety services since December 2005. Since the 2008 Russian invasion of Georgia, the Registered Cossacks have assumed a direct military role.

Despite their name, Registered Cossacks are not descendants of the Cossacks of the Russian Empire, whose culture was suppressed by the Soviet Union, but instead a modern romanticist and Russophile re-creation of supposed Cossack folkways. They originated as pro-Russian militias in the North Caucasus.

Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces
The extensive system of uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces was inherited from the Soviet Armed Forces and modified across the years.

Traditionally, the military uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces have been subdivided into parade, service dress, and field uniform roles, each with summer and winter variations, largely based on rank, season, and gender differences.
Taizi Changqin
Taizi Changqin (Chinese: 太子长琴) or Prince Changqin is a deity in Chinese religion. He is the only son of the fire god Zhurong and was the first musician in the Three Realms. He appears in the Classic of Mountains and Seas and Commentary of Zuo.

Zhurong
Zhurong (Chinese: 祝融), also known as Chongli (Chinese: 重黎), is an important personage in Chinese mythology and Chinese folk religion. According to the Huainanzi and the philosophical texts of Mozi and his followers, Zhurong is a god of fire and of the south. Some sources associate Zhurong with some of the principal early and ancient myths of China, such as those of Nüwa (Nüwa Mends the Heavens), Gonggong, and the Great Flood.
William Jackman
William Jackman (20 May 1837 – 25 February 1877) was a Newfoundland sealing captain and sailing master.

Jackman was born in Renews, Newfoundland. Like his younger brother Arthur, Jackman commanded sealing vessels for Bowring Brothers. Jackman is best known for the rescue at Spotted Island off the coast of Labrador on 9 October 1867. Jackman witnessed the Sea Slipper run aground with 27 people aboard. Jackman swam back and forth to the vessel eleven times, rescuing eleven people. His crew then tied a rope around his waist and Jackman swam back sixteen more times, rescuing all aboard the doomed ship. On 18 December 1868, for his heroism, he was presented the medal and diploma of the Royal Humane Society.  Captain William Jackman Hospital in Labrador City is named for him.

Bowring Brothers
Bowring Brothers Ltd. (or simply Bowring) was a Newfoundland-based operator of retail stores, that, after Newfoundland became part of Canada, expanded its operation and narrowed its focus to gifts and home decor throughout Canada.

Bowring was engaged in Newfoundland's commerce for over 200 years, with various operations across the globe at its peak.
Russian submarine Krasnoyarsk (K-173)
K-173 Krasnoyarsk  was an Oscar-class submarine  which was commissioned on 31 December 1986, and entered service with the Russian Navy. Krasnoyarsk has been removed from active service.

On 29 April 2016, the boat caught fire whilst being scrapped at Vilyuchinsk and was scuttled to extinguish the fire.

Oscar-class submarine
The Oscar class, Soviet designations Project 949 Granit and Project 949A Antey (NATO reporting names Oscar I and Oscar II respectively), are a series of nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines designed in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. First built in the 1970s, six remain  in service with the Russian Navy. Two other vessels were slated to be modernized since at least 2017 as Project 949AM, to extend their service life and increase combat capabilities but it is unclear whether work continues as of 2023.

The Project 949 submarines were the largest cruise-missile submarines in service until some Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines were converted to carry cruise missiles in 2007. They are the fourth largest class of submarines in displacement and length. Only the Soviet Typhoon-class, Russian Borei-class and American Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines are larger.
Theatres in Florence
There are about thirty theatres in Florence, Italy (not counting those already closed or dismantled), and range from historic theatres, to national and municipal music halls.

There are four theaters devoted to classical music and opera (Comunale, Verdi, Pergola and Goldoni).
Many citizens and tourists regularly visit these theatre halls, with over six hundred thousand tickets sold per season, compared with just under four hundred thousand residents.

Teatro Goldoni (Florence)
The Teatro Goldoni of Florence was first opened in 1817 at the site of the former Annalena monastery in Oltrarno, region of Tuscany, Italy. The theater, dedicated to the playwright Carlo Goldoni, has a main facade on the narrow Via Santa Maria #15, it is near the corner with Via de Caldaie.
Goka Ramaswamy
Goka Ramaswamy (1933 – 21 March 2005) was an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress from undivided Andhra Pradesh. Ramaswamy served as a Minister in the erstwhile state of Andhra Pradesh from 1978 to 1982 holding various portfolios. He was elected twice to Ghanpur (Station) Assembly constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1978 and 1983 consecutively as a Congress Party candidate. He was also the Deputy Leader of the Congress Legislature Party (CLP) between 1983 and 1985 in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly when N. T. Rama Rao's newly launched Telugu Desam Party (TDP) formed the government for the first time.

Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)
Andhra Pradesh, retrospectively referred to as United Andhra Pradesh or Undivided Andhra Pradesh, was a state in India formed by States Reorganisation Act, 1956 with Hyderabad as its capital and was reorganised by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of Telangana, Rayalaseema, and Coastal Andhra. Before the 1956 reorganisation, Telangana had been part of Hyderabad State, whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra had been part of Andhra State, formerly a part of Madras Presidency of British India.
2024 Carlow Senior Hurling Championship
The 2024 Carlow Senior Hurling Championship was the 95th staging of the Carlow Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Carlow County Board in 1927. The championship ran from 21 June to 18 August 2024.

Mount Leinster Rangers were the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 18 August 2024 at Netwatch Cullen Park in Carlow, between St Mullin's and Mount Leinster Rangers, in what was their 11th meeting in the final overall and a second successive meeting. St Mullin's won the match by 2–25 to 3–16 to claim their 29th championship title overall and a first title in two years.

James Doyle was the championship's top scorer with 5–55.

Carlow Senior Hurling Championship
The Carlow Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Carlow GAA clubs.

St Mullin's are the title holders, having defeating Mount Leinster Rangers in the 2024 Final.
Ibtissam Jraïdi
Ibtissam Jraïdi (Arabic: إبتسام جرايدي; born 9 December 1992) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a forward for Saudi Women's Premier League club Al Ahli, which she captains, and the Morocco women's national team. She was the first Moroccan and Arab player to score at the FIFA Women's World Cup.

Moroccan Women's Championship D1
The Moroccan Women's Championship, officially the Women's Professional National Football Championship D1 (French: Championnat National Professionnel de Football Féminin D1; Arabic: البطولة الوطنية الاحترافية لكرة القدم النسائية القسم الأول) is the top-division professional women's football league in Morocco. The competition is overseen by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation and organized by the LNFF (French: Ligue Nationale de Football Féminin).

ASFAR are the current champions of Morocco, having claimed their 12th title in the 2024–25 season.
Outline of parapsychology
Parapsychology is a field of research that studies a number of ostensible paranormal phenomena, including telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation, and apparitional experiences.

Journal of Parapsychology
The Journal of Parapsychology is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on psi phenomena, including telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis, as well as human consciousness in general and anomalous experiences.

It was established in April 1937 by Joseph Banks Rhine while at Duke University. It is published by the Rhine Research Center, and the current editor-in-chief is Sally Ann Drucker of the same institution. The journal is abstracted and indexed in PsycINFO. It publishes research reports, theoretical discussions, book reviews, and correspondences, as well as the abstracts of papers presented at the Parapsychological Association's annual meeting.

According to Anomalistic Psychology, authored by Chris French and colleagues, it is "widely recognized as the highest quality journal within the field." However, parapsychology has been criticized as a pseudoscience, and most mainstream scientists reject it.
Cultural depictions of Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain has inspired artistic and cultural works for over four centuries, as the most powerful ruler in the Europe of his day, and subsequently a central figure in the "Black Legend" of Spanish power. The following list covers representations of him in drama, opera, film, novels, and verse. A small selection of the many artistic portrayals of Philip is shown in gallery form.

John of Austria
John of Austria (German: Johann von Österreich, Spanish: Juan de Austria, often called "Don Juan" or "Don Juan of Austria" in English; 24 February 1547 – 1 October 1578) was the illegitimate son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V recognized him in a codicil to his will. John became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, Charles V's heir, and was addressed as a Don. He is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Lepanto and as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
George Melville Baker
George Melville Baker (1832–1890) was a playwright and publisher in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 19th century. He worked for Lee & Shepard publishers, then opened his own imprint. "George M. Baker & Co." issued works by authors such as  Henry M. Baker, F.E. Chase, and Herbert Pelham Curtis. Baker's company ceased in 1885, succeeded by his brother's "Walter H. Baker & Co." George Baker also performed with comedian Henry C. Barnabee, appearing in "lyceum entertainments" in New England. He belonged to the Mercantile Library Association. He married Emily Bowles in 1858; children included novelist Emilie Loring, playwright Rachel Baker Gale, and screenwriter Robert Melville Baker.

Mercantile Library Association (Boston, Massachusetts)
The Mercantile Library Association (1820-1952) of Boston was an organization dedicated to operating a subscription library, reading room and lecture series. Members included James T. Fields and Edwin Percy Whipple. Although the association had a relatively long history, its heyday occurred in the mid-19th century, particularly the 1840s and 1850s.