hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tarun Chhabra
Tarun Chhabra is an American lawyer and the head of national security policy at the AI company Anthropic. Chhabra served as Deputy Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Technology and National Security at the United States National Security Council in the Biden administration. He previously served as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Technology and National Security.

Rush Doshi
Rush Doshi is an American political scientist currently serving as an assistant professor of security studies at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. He is also senior fellow for China and director of the Initiative on China Strategy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). He served at the White House National Security Council (NSC) in the Biden administration as Director and later Deputy Senior Director for China and Taiwan from 2021 to March 2024.
Calathus (basket)
A calathus /ˈkæləθəs/ or kalathos /ˈkæləˌθɒs/ (Ancient Greek: κάλαθος, plural calathi or kalathoi κάλαθοι) was a basket resembling a top hat, used to hold wool or fruit, often used in ancient Greek art as a symbol of abundance and fertility. These baskets were made by weaving together reeds or twigs. They were typically used by women to store skeins of wool, but they had other uses in the household.  In Roman times, there are reports for baskets of these sorts to be used in agricultural activities like bringing in the fruits from the fields.

The word was also used to describe ceramic vases designed in the shape of the calathus basket, which is the usual application in archaeology, since vases have survived while baskets have not.

Basket
A basket is a container that is traditionally constructed from stiff fibers, and can be made from a range of materials, including wood splints, runners, and cane. While most baskets are made from plant materials, other materials such as horsehair, baleen, or metal wire can be used. Baskets are generally woven by hand. Some baskets are fitted with a lid, while others are left open on top.
Gmina Gniewkowo
Gmina Gniewkowo is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Gniewkowo, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Inowrocław and 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 179.44 square kilometres (69.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 14,719 (out of which the population of Gniewkowo amounts to 7,254, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,465).

Inowrocław County
Inowrocław County (Polish: powiat inowrocławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Inowrocław, which lies 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Toruń and 40 km (25 mi) south-east of Bydgoszcz. The county contains four other towns: Kruszwica, lying 14 km (9 mi) south of Inowrocław, Janikowo, lying 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Inowrocław, Gniewkowo, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Inowrocław, and Pakość, 13 km (8 mi) west of Inowrocław.

The county covers an area of 1,224.94 square kilometres (473.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 165,237, out of which the population of Inowrocław is 72,786, that of Kruszwica is 8,809, that of Janikowo is 8,745, that of Gniewkowo is 7,110, that of Pakość is 5,706, and the rural population is 57,060.
Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge
St Mary the Great is a Church of England parish and university church at the north end of King's Parade in central Cambridge, England. It is known locally as Great St Mary's or simply GSM to distinguish it from "Little St Mary's". It is one of the Greater Churches. It is designated by Historic England as a Grade I listed building.

In addition to being a parish church in the Diocese of Ely, it is the university church for the University of Cambridge. As such it has a role in the university's legislation. For example, university officers must live within 20 miles of Great St Mary's and undergraduates within three. The church also hosts the "University Sermons" and houses the University Organ and the University Clock. The latter chimes the "Cambridge Quarters" which were later used by the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament ("Big Ben").

Little St Mary's, Cambridge
Little St Mary's or St Mary the Less is a Church of England parish church in Cambridge, England, on Trumpington Street between Pembroke College's Mill Lane Project development site and Peterhouse. The church is in the Diocese of Ely and follows the Anglo-Catholic or high-church tradition of the Church of England.  In addition to its main Sunday Mass, the church has a strong tradition of daily morning and evening prayer, regular weekday Communion and the keeping of church festivals.  The church has a particular ministry helping both men and women to explore possible vocations to the priesthood.  Little St Mary's has active overseas mission links, provides support to local mental health projects, and participates in Hope Cambridge's Churches Homeless Project.
The vicar is Canon Robert Mackley, who has been the incumbent since 2012.
St Andrew's Church, Penrice
The Church of St Andrew, Penrice, Swansea, Wales dates from the 12th century. A Grade II* listed building, St Andrew's remains an active parish church in the parish of South-West Gower, in the Diocese of Swansea and Brecon.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
For Whom the Sweetie Belle Toils
"For Whom the Sweetie Belle Toils" is the nineteenth episode of the fourth season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The episode was written by Dave Polsky. It originally aired on The Hub on March 22, 2014. In this episode, Sweetie Belle becomes jealous when Rarity's costume designs overshadow her school play.

The title of the episode is a reference to the Ernest Hemingway novel For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Princess Luna
Princess Luna  (formerly known as Nightmare Moon) is a fictional character who appears in the fourth incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline and media franchise, beginning with My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). She serves as the co-ruler of Equestria alongside her older sister Princess Celestia. She is voiced by Tabitha St. Germain, who also voices Rarity.

Princess Luna is depicted as a wise but initially troubled anthropomorphic alicorn who is responsible for raising the moon and has the ability to enter and manipulate the dream realm. She is characterized by her dark blue coat, flowing ethereal mane that sparkles with stars, her tall stature, her regalia including a crown and ornate necklace, and her cutie mark depicting a crescent moon.
The Medicine Bottle
The Medicine Bottle is a 1909 American silent thriller film written and directed by D. W. Griffith, produced by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in New York City, and starring Florence Lawrence, Adele DeGarde, and  Marion Leonard. At its release in March 1909, the short was distributed to theaters on a "split reel", which was a single projection reel that accommodated more than one film. This drama shared its reel with another Biograph short directed by Griffith, the comedy Jones and His New Neighbors.

Original contact-print paper rolls of both motion pictures, as well as projectable safety-stock copies of them, are preserved in the Library of Congress.

Trade magazine
A trade magazine, also called a business-to-business magazine, trade journal, or trade paper (colloquially or disparagingly a trade rag), is a magazine or newspaper whose target audience is people who work in a particular trade or industry. The collective term for this area of publishing is the trade press.
HMCS Ungava (MCB 148)
HMCS Ungava (hull number MCB 148) was a Bay-class minesweeper that was constructed for the Royal Canadian Navy during the Cold War. Entering service in 1954, the minesweeper was paid off in 1958 and transferred to the Turkish Navy. Renamed Tekirdağ, the ship remained in service until 1991 and was broken up in 2002.

Bay-class minesweeper
The Bay-class minesweepers, also known as the Gaspé-class minesweepers, were a class of minesweepers operated by the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and Canadian Forces (CF) during the Cold War. Their design was similar to the British Ton-class minesweepers.

The class derives its name from bays in Canada and was designed by the RCN as a replacement for Second World War-era minesweepers. Fourteen were laid down in 1951–1952, however six were subsequently transferred to the French Navy in 1954. These ships were replaced by six of the same name in 1956–1957 but were assigned new pennant numbers.

They were reclassed in Canadian Forces service as patrol escorts in 1972 and six vessels remained in service until the late 1990s, providing coastal surveillance and shiphandling experience for junior officers with Maritime Forces Pacific.
Munnsville, New York
Munnsville is a village in the town of Stockbridge in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 454 at the 2020 census. The village is named for an early settler, Asa Munn, and is located on New York State Route 46.

Madison County, New York
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,016. Its county seat is Wampsville. The county is named after James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, and was first formed in 1806. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Madison County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area, and is home to both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the National Abolition Hall of Fame and Museum.
AstroForge
AstroForge is an aerospace company based in Huntington Beach, California. The company is working on developing asteroid mining technologies, aiming to become the first commercial entity to do so. As of 2024, no commercial asteroid mining efforts have been successful, although several government-led missions have successfully returned asteroid samples.

M-type asteroid
M-type (metallic-type, aka M-class) asteroids are a spectral class of asteroids which appear to contain higher concentrations of metal phases (e.g. iron-nickel) than other asteroid classes, and are widely thought to be the source of iron meteorites.
2009 Valencia Open 500
The 2009 Valencia Open 500 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 15th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the 500 Series of the 2009 ATP Tour. It was held at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències in Valencia, Spain, from 2 November until 8 November 2009. First-seeded Andy Murray won the singles title.

2009 ATP World Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 2009 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2009 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.
Rida (Islam)
In Islam, rida (Arabic: رِضَا, riḍā, literally 'approval') is interpreted as satisfaction or "perfect contentment with God's will or decree".

Riḍā is often found rather vaguely within the English translation of the Qur'an, and in the life accounts of Sufi saints such as Rābiʻa al-ʻAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya (Rabia al-Adawiyya). According to Annemarie Schimmel, author of Mystical Dimensions of Islam, "riḍā is closely related to shukr, or gratitude", another virtue within Islam. Other possible related virtues would be sabr, faqr, tawakkul, and zuhd; all coalescing to form "perfect sincerity" or ikhlas.

Sabr
Sabr  (Arabic: صَبْرٌ, romanized: ṣabr) (literally 'endurance' or more accurately 'perseverance' and 'persistence') is one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr) in Islam.  It teaches to remain spiritually steadfast and to keep doing good actions in the personal and collective domain, specifically when facing opposition or encountering problems, setbacks, or unexpected and unwanted results. It is patience in the face of all unexpected and unwanted outcomes.
Talvik, Norway
Talvik (Norwegian), Dálbmeluovta (Northern Sami), or Talmulahti (Kven) is a village in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county in Norway. It is located on the western shore of the Altafjorden, along the European route E6 highway. The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village has a population (2023) of 291 and a population density of 786 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,040/sq mi).

Altafjord
The Altafjord (Norwegian: Altafjorden; Northern Sami: Álttávuonna; Kven: Alattionvuono) is a fjord in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 38-kilometre (24 mi) long fjord stretches from the town of Alta in the south to the islands of Stjernøya and Seiland. The 200-kilometre (120 mi) long river Altaelva empties into the fjord at the town of Alta. At Stjernøya and Seiland islands, the fjord splits into two straits before emptying into the Norwegian Sea. Some of the larger side-branches off the main fjord include Langfjorden, Kåfjorden, and Korsfjorden.

The fjord was historically known as "Altenfjord", and was referred to as such by British historians throughout most of the 20th century.
Miss World 2015
Miss World 2015 was the 65th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, Hainan, China, on 19 December 2015. Rolene Strauss of South Africa crowned Mireia Lalaguna of Spain as her successor at the end of the event. It was the first time in the history of Miss World that Spain won the pageant. Since this year, the swimsuit competition (Miss World Beach Beauty) has been officially removed from the pageant.

Miss World 2014
Miss World 2014 was the 64th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at ExCeL London in London, United Kingdom, on 14 December 2014.

Megan Young of the Philippines crowned Rolene Strauss of South Africa as her successor at the end of the event. This is the second time that South Africa has won the title outright and the third time they have held the title.
Battle of Muranów Square
The Battle of Muranów Square was a battle between the Jewish Military Union (ŻZW) and Third Reich troops which took place during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19–22, 1943. The fighting between the German pacification forces under Jürgen Stroop, which were destroying the ghetto, and the Jewish insurgent forces of ŻZW, under Paweł Frenkel, took place in the now non-existent Muranów Square.

Henryk Iwański
Henryk Iwański (1902–1978), nom de guerre Bystry, was a member of the Polish resistance during World War II. He is known for leading one of the most daring actions of the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in support of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, however later research cast doubts on the veracity of his claims. For his assistance to the Polish Jews Iwański was bestowed the title of the Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem in 1964.
Abnormal grain growth
In materials science, abnormal or discontinuous grain growth, also referred to as exaggerated or secondary recrystallisation grain growth, is a grain growth phenomenon in which certain energetically favorable grains (crystallites) grow rapidly in a matrix of finer grains, resulting in a bimodal distribution of grain size.

In ceramic materials, this phenomenon can result in the formation of elongated prismatic, acicular (needle-like) grains in a densified matrix. This microstructure has the potential to improve fracture toughness by impeding the propagation of cracks.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Pena (musical instrument)
Pena is a mono string instrument falling in the lute category, slightly similar to some of the traditional Indian stringed musical instruments such as the ravanahatha, ubo or the kenda. It is the traditional musical instrument of Manipur, used mainly in the Lai Haraoba festival of Sanamahism. Pena playing is becoming a dying art as only 145 active Pena players are reported in Manipur. The Center for Research on Traditional and Indigenous Art (Laihui), an organization headed by renowned pena player, Khangembam Mangi Singh has mandated vision to revive pena music.

Ravanahatha
A ravanahatha (variant names: ravanhatta, rawanhattha, ravanastron, ravana hasta veena) is an ancient bowed, stringed instrument, used in India, Sri Lanka, and surrounding areas. It has been suggested as an ancestor of the violin.
Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages
The minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Labour (French: ministre de l’emploi, du développement de la main-d’œuvre et du travail) was the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who was responsible for Employment and Social Development Canada, the Government of Canada department that oversees programs such as employment insurance, the Canada pension plan, old age security, and Canada student loans. On March 14, 2025 the position was abolished, its responsibilities being consolidated into the new position of Minister of Jobs and Families.

Old Age Security
The Old Age Security (OAS, French: Sécurité de la vieillesse) program is a universal retirement pension available to most residents and citizens of Canada who have reached 65 years old. This pension is supplemented by the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), which is added to the monthly OAS payment for seniors with lower incomes. Some low-income spouses and survivors of OAS recipients are eligible to receive an income-tested allowance while they are aged 60 to 64.
Sweden women's national under-19 volleyball team
The Sweden women's national under-19 volleyball team represents Sweden in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 19 and it is ruled and managed by the Swedish Volleyball Federation That is an affiliate of Federation of International Volleyball FIVB and also a part of European Volleyball Confederation CEV.

Swedish Volleyball Federation
Swedish Volleyball Federation (Swedish: Svenska Volleybollförbundet) is a special sports association for volleyball in Sweden. It was established on 3 June 1961 and was appointed into the Swedish Sports Confederation in 1961. It is based in Solna.

It represents Sweden with national teams like the Sweden men's national volleyball team and the Sweden women's national volleyball team.
Jostaberry
The jostaberry (Ribes × nidigrolaria) is a complex-cross fruit bush in the genus Ribes, involving three original species: the blackcurrant R. nigrum, the North American coastal black gooseberry, R. divaricatum, and the European gooseberry, R. uva-crispa. It is similar to Ribes × culverwellii, the jochelbeere (sometimes also called black negus), which is descended from just two of these species, R. nigrum and R. uva-crispa.

Ribes uva-crispa
Ribes uva-crispa, commonly known as the gooseberry or European gooseberry, is a species of flowering shrub native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and southwestern Asia. It belongs to the family Grossulariaceae, which includes currants and gooseberries. The plant is cultivated for its edible fruit, which is used in culinary applications ranging from desserts to preserves.
Tylopilus brunneirubens
Tylopilus brunneirubens is a bolete fungus of the genus Tylopilus. It was originally described in 1972 by E.J.H. Corner, and transferred to Tylopilus by Roy Watling in 1994. The fungus has been recorded from Malaysia and Zambia, and Singapore.

Tylopilus
Tylopilus is a genus of over 100 species of mycorrhizal bolete fungi separated from Boletus. Its best known member is the bitter bolete (Tylopilus felleus), the only species found in Europe. More species are found in North America, such as the edible species T. alboater. Australia is another continent where many species are found. All members of the genus form mycorrhizal relationships with trees. Members of the genus are distinguished by their pinkish pore surfaces.
Mazatec shamanism
The Mazatec shamans are known for their ritual use of psilocybin mushrooms, psychoactive morning glory seeds, and Salvia divinorum. María Sabina was one of the best known of the Mazatec Shamans. Her healing psilocybin mushroom ceremonies, called veladas, contributed to the popularization of Indigenous Mexican ritual use of entheogenic mushrooms among westerners.

In their rituals, Mazatec shamans use fresh Salvia divinorum leaves. Ritual use traditionally involves being in a quiet place after ingestion of the leaf—the Mazatec shamans say that "La Maria (S. divinorum) speaks with a quiet voice."

There is little information concerning the Mazatec people generally before the arrival of the Spanish and less concerning their spiritual practices.

Several researchers have commented on the difficulty in obtaining information, as the Mazatec shamans tend to be secretive and protective of their practices.

Velada (Mazatec ritual)
Velada is the name of the healing vigils carried out by Mazatec curanderos (such as María Sabina). The rituals involved the use of psilocybin (magic mushrooms) or Salvia divinorum to commune with God and experience enlightenment.
A Waste of Shame
A Waste of Shame (aka A Waste of Shame: The Mystery of Shakespeare and His Sonnets) is a 90-minute television drama on the circumstances surrounding William Shakespeare's composition of his sonnets. It takes its title from the first line of Sonnet 129.  It was first broadcast on BBC Four on 22 November 2005 as part of the supporting programming for the BBC's ShakespeaRe-Told season, but was only loosely connected to the rest of the series.

Its screenplay was written by William Boyd, and the film was directed by John McKay. Lines from the sonnets are presented as thoughts running through Shakespeare's mind.

Mary Sidney
Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (née Sidney, 27 October 1561 – 25 September 1621) was among the first Englishwomen to gain notice for her poetry and her literary patronage. By the age of 39, she was listed with her brother Philip Sidney and with Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare among the notable authors of the day in John Bodenham's verse miscellany Belvidere. Her play Antonius (a translation of Robert Garnier's Marc Antoine) is widely seen as reviving interest in soliloquy based on classical models and as a likely source of Samuel Daniel's closet drama Cleopatra (1594) and of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra (1607). She was also known for translating Petrarch's "Triumph of Death", for the poetry anthology Triumphs, and above all for a lyrical, metrical translation of the Psalms.