hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sister exchange
Sister exchange is a type of marriage agreement where two sets of siblings marry each other. In order to get married, a man needs to persuade his sister to marry the bride's brother. It is practised as a primary method of organising marriages in 3% of the world's societies: in Australia, Melanesia, Amazonia and Sub-Saharan Africa; and can replace other methods in 1.4% of the societies.

Researchers disagree about the reasoning behind sister exchange but most believe that it is some type of reciprocity. Several anthropologists and sociologists expressed objections to the term "sister exchange" believing that it is not accurately describing the actual arrangement.

Despite earlier claims of its simplicity, sister exchange is a complex arrangement that involves many family members and not simply the four people who are getting married.

Bride service
Bride service has traditionally been portrayed in the anthropological literature as the service rendered by the bridegroom to a bride's family as a bride price or part of one (see dowry). Bride service and bride wealth models frame anthropological discussions of kinship in many regions of the world.
Mula (nakshatra)
Mūla ('root'; Devanagari मूल/मूळ, Kannada: ಮೂಲcode: kan promoted to code: kn , Telugu: మూల, Tamil: மூலம்) is the 19th of the 27 nakshatras or lunar mansions in Indian astronomy and astrology. The symbol of Mula is a bunch of roots tied together (reticulated roots) or an 'elephant goad' (ankusha). It corresponds to a group of stars in the tail of Scorpius: at least ε, μ, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, and λ Scorpii. These stars are in the direction of the Galactic Center, the brightest part of the Milky Way; this may be the source of the name Mula, referring to the central Milky Way looking like a root or tuber.

Theta Scorpii
Theta Scorpii (θ Scorpii, abbreviated Theta Sco, θ Sco) is a binary star in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +1.87, making it readily visible to the naked eye and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. It is sufficiently near that the distance can be measured directly using the parallax technique and such measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission yield an estimate of approximately 329 light-years (101 parsecs) from the Sun.

The two components are designated θ Scorpii A (officially named Sargas /ˈsɑːrɡæs/, the traditional name for the system) and B.
Ivor Crewe
Sir Ivor Martin Crewe DL FAcSS (born 15 December 1945) is a former Master of University College, Oxford, and President of the Academy of Social Sciences. He was previously Vice-Chancellor of the University of Essex and also a Professor in the Department of Government at Essex.

Dennis Kavanagh
Dennis Kavanagh (born 27 March 1941) is a British political analyst and since 1996 has been Professor of Politics at the University of Liverpool, and now Emeritus Professor. He has written extensively on post-war British politics. With David Butler, he wrote the series of books on British general elections, such as The British General Election of 2010, and most recently, The British General Election of 2015.
Dermanura
Dermanura is a genus of leaf-nosed bats.

Genus Dermanura

Andersen's fruit-eating bat, Dermanura anderseni

Aztec fruit-eating bat, Dermanura azteca

Bogota fruit-eating bat, Dermanura bogotensis

Gervais's fruit-eating bat, Dermanura cinerea

Silver fruit-eating bat, Dermanura glauca

Gnome fruit-eating bat, Dermanura gnoma

Pygmy fruit-eating bat, Dermanura phaeotis

Dermanura rava

Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat, Dermanura rosenbergi

Toltec fruit-eating bat, Dermanura tolteca

Thomas's fruit-eating bat, Dermanura watsoni

Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat
Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat (Dermanura rosenbergi, often misspelled rosenbergii) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in humid tropical forests in the El Chocó region on the coast of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador at altitudes below 500 m. Until recently it was included within D. glauca, a canopy frugivore that also eats insects. It was elevated to full species status in 2009. The specific name is in honor of collector W. F. H. Rosenberg. The species is regarded as common, but is likely threatened by the deforestation of its habitat.
Horbat 'Uza
Horbat 'Uza (Hebrew: חורבת עוצה and Hebrew: חירבת אל עיאדייה) is an archaeological site located in the Northern Coastal Plain, 8 km east of Acre, Israel. Interesting findings from the Neolithic, classical antiquity and Crusader period have been made during salvage excavations caused by the construction of a modern highway and a new railway line cutting through the site.

Remains excavated at the site span 7,000 years of human habitation. Saladin encamped there during the Siege of Acre (1189–1191).

Israel Antiquities Authority
The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA, Hebrew: רשות העתיקות rashut ha-'atiqot; Arabic: دائرة آثار إسرائيل, before 1990, the Israel Department of Antiquities) is an independent Israeli  governmental authority responsible for enforcing the 1978 Law of Antiquities. The IAA regulates excavation and conservation, and promotes research.

The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel is the new home of the IAA, located on Museum Hill in Jerusalem. In 2025, the almost completed Campus started offering guided tours.
Maissana
Maissana (Ligurian: Maissann-a) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Genoa and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of La Spezia.

This is also the coldest village in the province, with average winter temperatures ranging from a minimum of −5 °C (23 °F) to a maximum of 4 °C (39 °F). Snowfalls are frequent and heavy. In February 2009, in just one night 65 centimetres (26 in) of fresh snow has fallen.

Maissana borders the following municipalities: Carro, Casarza Ligure, Castiglione Chiavarese, Ne, Varese Ligure.

La Spezia
La Spezia is a city and municipality at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the eastern part of the region of Liguria in Italy, the capital of the Province of La Spezia. With a population of 92,711, it is the 2nd-largest municipality in Liguria and the 52-largest in Italy.

La Spezia is the second-largest city in the Liguria region, after Genoa. Located roughly midway between Genoa and Pisa, on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and a major Italian Navy base. A popular seaside resort, it is also a significant railway junction, and is notable for its museums, for the Palio del Golfo rowing race, and for railway and boat links with the Cinque Terre.
Police Band Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
The Police Band Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is the official police band service of the Police of Russia, a directly reporting agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The PBS-MIA-RF serves as the primary ceremonial music component of the Police of Russia, which provides bands for each of the regional and city police departments that compose this institution, together with its educational and training establishments.

Police of Russia
The Police of Russia (Russian: Полиция России, romanized: Politsiya Rossii) is the national law enforcement agency of Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs from September 8, [O.S. 20] 1802. It was established on June 7, [O.S. 18] 1718 by decree of Peter the Great, and in 2011, it replaced the Militsiya, the former police service.

The Police of Russia operates according to the law "On police" (Закон "о полиции"), as approved by the Federal Assembly, and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011, by the then President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev.
Huacaraje Municipality
Huacaraje (or Guacaraje) is a municipality and locality in Bolivia, located in the Iténez province in the Beni Department. It is situated between the towns of Magdalena and Baures. The municipality covers an area of 9,876 km² and has an approximate population of 3,700 inhabitants, with a population density of about 2.7 inhabitants per km².

It features a tropical-humid climate, with heavy rainfall, and an average temperature of 32.5°C.

Baures Municipality
Baures is a town and municipality in Bolivia, located in the Iténez Province within the Beni Department. The municipality covers an area of 16,000 km² and has a population of 5,965 according to the 2012 INE Census.

A small part of the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, established in 1979, is located in the eastern part of the municipality.
Società Storica Novarese
Società Storica Novarese (SSN; English: Novara Historical Society) is an association for historical studies founded in Novara in 1920. Its core activity is the publication of Bollettino Storico per la Provincia di Novara ("Historical Bulletin for the Province of Novara"), which features articles on local history, archaeology, and art.

Novara
Novara (Italian: [noˈvaːra] ⓘ; Novarese: [nuˈ(ʋ)aːra]) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy, to the west of Milan. With a population of 102,231, it is the 2nd-largest city in Piedmont after Turin as of 2025.

It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland.

Novara lies between the streams Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont, 50 km (31 mi) from Milan and 95 km (59 mi) from Turin. It is only 15 km (9.3 mi) from the river Ticino, which marks the border with the Lombardy region.
Arthur Hopley
Arthur Hopley  (17 October 1906 – 25 September 1981) was a senior Anglican priest in the second half of the twentieth century.

Hopley was educated at the Sir George Monoux Grammar and  Wells Theological College.  His first post was a curacy at St Mark, Bath. He was Rector of Claverton from 1944 to 1950; Vicar of Chard from 1950 to 1962; Archdeacon of Bath from 1962 to 1971; and Archdeacon of Taunton from 1971 to 1977.

Archdeacon of Bath
The Archdeacon of Bath is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Bath and Wells. The post, having oversight over the archdeaconry of Bath, has existed since the twelfth century. The archdeaconry includes five deaneries.
1969 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 25 October 1969. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition government, led by Prime Minister John Gorton, won the election with a severely diminished majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by Gough Whitlam, despite losing the two-party-preferred vote.

Both major parties had changed their leaders in the run-up to the election, the first time this had occurred since 1946.

The victory was the ninth consecutive general election won by the Coalition, which remains the record number of consecutive terms won by any Australian federal government. There was no Senate election until the 1970 Australian Senate election.

Future Prime Minister Paul Keating entered parliament at this election.

1946 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 28 September 1946. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley defeated the opposition Liberal–Country coalition, led by Robert Menzies. It was the Liberal Party's first federal election since its creation. This was the first time the Labor party had won a second consecutive election. This was also the last time the Labor party would win a federal election until the 1972 election.

The election was held in conjunction with three referendum questions, one of which was carried.
Tobique First Nation
Tobique First Nation (Malecite-Passamaquoddy: Wolastoqiyik Neqotkuk) is one of six Wolastoqiyik or Maliseet Nation band governments in New Brunswick,  Canada.

The Tobique Reserve is located on the north side of the Tobique River. The reserve comprises two lots (The Brother's #18, 4 ha; Tobique #20, 2724 ha). The Tobique Reserve, established in 1801 with nearly 20,000 acres (8,100 ha), was granted after a petition to the government by band members.  Over the years, the reserve was reduced by surrenders to squatters and a major surrender in 1892.  Roughly two-thirds of members of Tobique First Nation reside on the reserve lands.

In 2009 the Government of Canada accepted the Tobique Specific Land Claim related to 10,533 acres (4,263 ha) which was lost in the invalid surrender of 1892. Canada and the First Nation, in collaboration with the provincial government, will be negotiating a settlement compensation package. No existing landowners will be disturbed.

The Brothers 18
The Brothers refers to a group of three small islands in the mouth of the Kennebecasis River, just north from Millidgeville in Saint John, New Brunswick. Also known as The Brothers Islands Indian Reserve #18, the islands, individually known as Indian Island, Goat Island and Burnt Island, were a Wolastoqiyik reserve when they were returned the islands in the 1830s. The islands are now part of Saint John.
Cooks Beach
Cooks Beach (Pukaki) is a town on a three-kilometre white-sand beach on the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand. To its north is Cooks Bay, and beyond that is Mercury Bay. To the east is the locality of Hahei and the tourist attraction of Cathedral Cove. Roads to the south connect to SH 25. On the northwest, Shakespeare Cliff is a scenic reserve with a lookout point.

Hahei
Hahei is a small settlement in Mercury Bay on the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand. It is near Cathedral Cove, between the settlements of Cooks Beach and Hot Water Beach. It is approximately 11 km south east of Whitianga and 8 km north of Hot Water Beach.

The driving route to Whitianga from Hahei is circuitous and takes approximately 30 minutes. An alternative route is by road to Ferry Landing, which takes 15 minutes, and then a short passenger ferry trip to Whitianga. A ferry service to Whitianga has served the eastern Mercury Bay area since 1895.

A prominent feature of the beach is Mahurangi Island (Goat Island), which lies on the edge of the Te Whanganui-A-Hei (Cathedral Cove) Marine Reserve.
K. P. Hariharaputhran
K. P. Hariharaputhran (3 January 1944 – 26 August 2023) was an Indian film editor who worked in Malayalam cinema. Born on 3 January 1944, he started his career as an assistant to K. Sankunni for the film, Vilakku Vangiya Veena in 1971 and his first assignment as an independent editor was in 1979 for Kalliyankattu Neeli. He edited over 80 films which included commercially successful films such as Sheshakriya, Sukhamo Devi, Punjabi House, Mayavi, Vadakkumnadhan, Pandippada, Thommanum Makkalum and Chathikkatha Chanthu.

Hariharaputhran died at his residence in Thiruvananthapuram on 26 August 2023, at the age of 79.

K. Sankunni
K. Sankunni was an Indian film editor who worked predominantly in Malayalam film industry. He has edited around 300 films. He edited mostly Malayalam films and also has some credits in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi films. Sankunni won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor in 1988.
Ravindran Kannan
Ravindran (Ravi) Kannan (Tamil: ரவீந்திரன் கண்ணன்); born 12 March 1953, is a theoretical computer scientist. His work has mainly focused on efficient algorithms for problems of a mathematical (often geometric) flavor that arise in Computer Science, Machine Learning and Optimization.

Ravi was a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research Lab, India. Before joining Microsoft, he was William K. Lanman Jr. Professor of Computer Science and Professor of Applied Mathematics at Yale University.  Prior to that he has been on the faculty of CMU and MIT. The ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) presented its 2011 Knuth Prize to Ravi Kannan for developing influential algorithmic techniques aimed at solving long-standing computational problems.

Ravi Kannan did his B.Tech at IIT, Bombay. He received his PhD in 1980 at Cornell University under Leslie Earl Trotter, Jr.

Avrim Blum
Avrim Louis Blum (born 27 May 1966) is a computer scientist.  In 2007, he was made a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to learning theory and algorithms." Blum attended MIT, where he received his Ph.D. in 1991 under professor Ron Rivest. He was a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University from 1991 to 2017.

In 2017, he joined Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago as professor and chief academic officer.

His main work has been in the area of theoretical computer science, with particular activity in the fields of machine learning, computational learning theory, algorithmic game theory, database privacy, and algorithms.

Avrim is the son of two other well-known computer scientists, Manuel Blum, winner of the 1995 Turing Award, and Lenore Blum.
Zeke Thurston
Zeke Thurston (born July 15, 1994) is a Canadian professional rodeo cowboy who specializes in saddle bronc riding. He is a four-time (2016, 2019, 2022, and 2023) Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) World Champion saddle bronc rider, as well as a six-time (2019, 2021-2025) Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA) champion saddle bronc rider.

Bronc riding
Bronc riding, either  bareback bronc or saddle bronc competition, is a rodeo event that involves a rodeo participant riding a bucking horse (sometimes called a bronc  or bronco) that attempts to throw or buck off the rider. Originally based on the necessary buck breaking skills of a working cowboy, the event is now a highly stylized competition that utilizes horses that often are specially bred for strength, agility, and bucking ability. It is recognized by most rodeo organizations such as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and the International Professional Rodeo Association (IPRA).
Wodeyar Express
The Wodeyar Superfast Express (formerly Tippu Express) is a Superfast Express train  running between K. S. R Bengaluru and Mysuru in India. It covers a distance of 139 km in 2.5 hours with two stops, one at Mandya and another at a suburb in Bengaluru, Kengeri. South Western Railway launched an information and entertainment system, "Infotainment on Wheels", on the Wodeyar Express. The new infotainment system allows commuters on board to get real-time information on the arrival and departure of trains and view daily news, weather and entertainment. . It is the fastest train between Mysuru and Bengaluru and vice versa.

South Western Railway zone
The South Western Railway (abbreviated SWR) is one of the 19 railway zones of Indian Railways, headquartered at Hubballi in the Indian state of Karnataka. SWR was created from carving out the routes from Southern Railways, South Central Railways and Central Railways in 2003.
Horace G. Lyons House
The Horace G. Lyons House is a historic house. It was built in 1860 for Horace G. Lyons, a settler and farmer. It was expanded in 1893. In 1900, Lyons authored a religious booklet called The Devil Problem, in which he argued that the devil could be found in every man. The house remained in the Lyons family until 1977.

The house was designed in the Second Empire and Italianate architectural styles. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 1, 1984.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Shawnee County, Kansas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Shawnee County, Kansas.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Shawnee County, Kansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 108 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  Another two properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 20, 2026.
Nokdim
Nokdim (Hebrew: נוֹקְדִים, lit. Shepherds) is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank. Located south of Bethlehem in the northern Judean Mountains, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 3,327.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

A mixed community of religious and secular Jews, both native Israelis and immigrants, Nokdim is home to the religious pre-army Mechina Magen Shaul, established in 1996.

Gush Etzion Regional Council
The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית גוש עציון, Mo'atza Azorit Gush Etzion) is a regional council in the northern Judean Hills, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. The headquarters are located adjacent to Alon Shvut.

The current mayor of the Council is Yaron Rosenthal, elected in 2024.

In August 2021, Rabbi Yosef Zvi Rimon was elected Chief Rabbi of the Gush Etzion Regional Council.
Perihan Çınar
Perihan Çınar (née Küçükkoç, born 17 January 1994) is a Turkish hockey player who plays field hockey, hockey5s, and indoor hockey. She is part of the Gaziantep Polis Gücü SK and the Turkey women's national teams, and has received several most-valuable player (MVP) and top-goalscorer awards.

2017 Women's EuroHockey Championship III
The 2017 Women's EuroHockey Championship III was the 7th edition of the Women's EuroHockey Championship III. It was held in Sveti Ivan Zelina, Croatia from 30 July until 5 August 2017. The tournament also served as a qualifier for the 2019 Women's EuroHockey Championship II, with the winner, Turkey, qualifying.
2016 Boston College Eagles football team
The 2016 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Eagles were led by fourth-year head coach Steve Addazio and played their home games at Alumni Stadium. They finished the season 7–6 overall and 2–6 in ACC play to tie for sixth place in the Atlantic Division. They were invited to the Quick Lane Bowl, where they defeated Maryland.

Steve Addazio
Stephen Robert Addazio (born June 1, 1959) is an American college football coach, broadcaster, and former player. He became a color commentator for ESPN's college football broadcasts before the 2024 season. Before becoming a broadcaster, Addazio served as a high school and college coach for almost forty years, most recently as the offensive line coach for Texas A&M University. He served as the head football coach at Temple University from 2011 to 2012, Boston College from 2013 to 2019, and Colorado State University from 2020 to 2021. Before that, he was an offensive assistant for several college teams, including six seasons as an offensive line coach, assistant head coach, and offensive coordinator for the Florida Gators and was a part of two BCS National Championship Game-winning coaching staffs under head coach Urban Meyer.
Yuen Tsuen Ancient Trail
Yuen Tsuen Ancient Trail (Chinese: 元荃古道), also known as Yuen Tsuen Traditional Footpath, is a trail linking Yuen Long and Tsuen Wan in the New Territories of Hong Kong. The trail was the major trail for travelling between two major towns for villages trading their necessaries before the completion of Castle Peak Road.

Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western north New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.