hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 WTA Poland Open
The 2022 WTA Poland Open (also known as the BNP Paribas Poland Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the second edition of the WTA Poland Open, and part of the WTA 250 series of the 2022 WTA Tour. It was held at the Legia Tennis Centre in Warsaw, Poland, from 25 until 31 July 2022.

WTA Poland Open
The WTA Poland Open is a tennis event located in Warsaw, Poland. The first edition of the tournament was held in July 2021 in Gdynia but in 2022 it was relocated to Warsaw. In 2023, the tournament was held on hardcourts for the first time.

Starting in 2024, the tournament was downgraded to a WTA 125 event and is held as the Polish Open in Warsaw.
Dolna Mitropoliya Air Base
Dolna Mitropoliya Air Base (Bulgarian: Летище Долна Митрополия, ICAO: LBPL) is a public use airport near Dolna Mitropoliya, Pleven, Bulgaria. It is the home of the aviation faculty of the National Defence University. The 12th Air Training Wing is stationed there. The aviation school was created in 1945 and named after Georgi Benkovski. The school moved to Dolna Mitropoliya in 1948 and was incorporated in 2002 as part of the National Defence University.

Pleven Province
43°25′N 24°40′E﻿ / ﻿43.417°N 24.667°E﻿ / 43.417; 24.667

Pleven Province (Bulgarian: Област Плевен or Плевенска Област) is a province located in central northern Bulgaria, bordering the Danube river, Romania and the Bulgarian provinces of Vratsa, Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. It is divided into 11 subdivisions, called municipalities, that embrace a territory of 4,653.32 km2 (1,796.66 sq mi) with a population, as of February 2011, of 269 752 inhabitants. The province's capital is the city of Pleven.
JsMath
jsMath was a JavaScript library for displaying mathematics in browsers in a cross-platform way. It was free software released under the Apache License.

Produced by Union College Professor, Davide P. Cervone in 2004, jsMath was built as a cross-platform solution to add mathematical equations in standard TeX notation to HTML pages. As an alternative to MathML, jsMath was built to support different browsers on Microsoft Windows, Macintosh OS X, and Linux.

While not officially discontinued, jsMath has not been updated since Version 3.6e on March 21st, 2010.

jsMath was succeeded by MathJax, another program that Cervone would contribute to.

Apache License
The Apache License is a permissive free-software license written by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). It allows users to use the software for any purpose, to distribute it, to modify it, and to distribute modified versions of the software under the terms of the license, without concern for royalties. The ASF and its projects release their software products under the Apache License. The license is also used by many non-ASF projects.
Cripplesease
Cripplesease is a hamlet in the civil parishes of Ludgvan and Towednack, Cornwall, UK. The B3311 road from Penzance to St Ives passes through the hamlet with Ludgvan on the eastern side and Towednack on the west side of the road.

Towednack
Towednack (Cornish: Tewydnek) is a churchtown and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is bounded by those of Zennor in the west, Gulval in the south, Ludgvan in the west and south, and St Ives and the Atlantic Ocean in the north and east. The church is about two miles (3 km) from St Ives and six miles (10 km) from Penzance.

Towednack lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.
Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Services
The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Services (UDABS) is a state government agency of the U.S. state of Utah. It has its headquarters in Salt Lake City.

The Department was created by statute in 1935 by the Utah State Legislature, and it was granted the authority to conduct, license and regulate the sale of alcoholic beverages within the state.

Utah is one of 18 U.S. jurisdictions (17 alcoholic beverage control states plus Maryland's Montgomery County) that maintain a monopoly on alcoholic beverage sales.

According to the Department, "The purpose of control is to make liquor available to those adults who choose to drink responsibly - but not to promote the sale of liquor. By keeping liquor out of the private marketplace, no economic incentives are created to maximize sales, open more liquor stores or sell to underage persons. Instead, all policy incentives to promote moderation and to enforce existing liquor laws is  [sic] enhanced."

Utah State Legislature
The Utah State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. It is a bicameral body, comprising the Utah House of Representatives, with 75 state representatives, and the Utah Senate, with 29 state senators. There are no term limits for either chamber.

The Legislature convenes at the Utah State Capitol in the state capital of Salt Lake City. In 2020, voters approved an amendment to the state constitution that changed the legislative start date from a constitutionally mandated fourth Monday of January to a date set by state law (thereby making it easier to change the start date if necessary). Current state law requires the start date of the Utah State Legislature to be the first Tuesday after the third Monday in January  for an annual 45-day session.
Arrondissements of the Aisne department
The 5 arrondissements of the Aisne department are:

Arrondissement of Château-Thierry, (subprefecture: Château-Thierry) with 108 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 69,781 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Laon, (prefecture of the Aisne department: Laon) with 240 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 154,021 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Saint-Quentin, (subprefecture: Saint-Quentin) with 126 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 126,366 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Soissons, (subprefecture: Soissons) with 164 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 107,344 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Vervins, (subprefecture: Vervins) with 160 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 69,956 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Vervins
The arrondissement of Vervins is an arrondissement of France in the Aisne department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 160 communes. Its population is 69,956 (2021), and its area is 1,657.8 km2 (640.1 sq mi).
Optical scalars
In general relativity, optical scalars refer to a set of three scalar functions  (expansion),  (shear) and  (twist/rotation/vorticity) describing the propagation of a geodesic null congruence.

In fact, these three scalars  can be defined for both timelike and null geodesic congruences in an identical spirit, but they are called "optical scalars" only for the null case. Also, it is their tensorial predecessors   that are adopted in tensorial equations, while the scalars  mainly show up in equations written in the language of Newman–Penrose formalism.

Geodesics in general relativity
In general relativity, a geodesic generalizes the notion of a "straight line" to curved spacetime. Importantly, the world line of a particle free from all external, non-gravitational forces is a particular type of geodesic. In other words, a freely moving or falling particle always moves along a geodesic.

In general relativity, gravity can be regarded as not a force but a consequence of a curved spacetime geometry where the source of curvature is the stress–energy tensor (representing matter, for instance).  Thus, for example, the path of a planet orbiting a star is the projection of a geodesic of the curved four-dimensional (4-D) spacetime geometry around the star onto three-dimensional (3-D) space.
Punto a groppo
Punto a groppo (Italian, "knotted lace") is type of lace made without bobbins (weights). It originated in Italy, possibly Milan, in the 16th century and usually incorporated geometric patterns. It is the precursor to bobbin lace. Remaining samples of this lace are rare.

Punto a groppo was typically used for edging. Although related to macramé, which is knotted by hand, punto a groppo was likely created with a needle.

Punto a groppo was also called gropo, gruppo, gropari, and point noué.

Macramé
Macramé is a form of textile produced using knotting (rather than weaving or knitting) techniques.

The primary knots of macramé are the square (or reef knot) and forms of "hitching": various combinations of half hitches. It was long crafted by sailors, especially in elaborate or ornamental knotting forms, to cover anything from knife handles to bottles to parts of ships.

Cavandoli macramé is one variety that is used to form geometric and free-form patterns like weaving. The Cavandoli style is done mainly in a single knot, the double half-hitch knot. Reverse half hitches are sometimes used to maintain balance when working the left and right halves of a balanced piece.

Leather or fabric belts are another accessory often created via macramé techniques. Most friendship bracelets exchanged among schoolchildren and teens are created using this method. Vendors at theme parks, malls, seasonal fairs, and other public places may sell macramé jewelry or decoration as well.
Donafenib
Donafenib, sold under the brand name Zepsun, is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of cancer.

In China, donafenib is approved for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who have not previously received systemic treatment.

Donafenib is a kinase inhibitor that targets Raf kinase and various receptor tyrosine kinases.  It is a deuterated derivative of sorafenib with improved pharmacokinetic properties.

Deuterated drug
A deuterated drug is a small molecule medicinal product in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the drug molecule have been replaced by the heavier stable isotope deuterium. Because of the kinetic isotope effect, deuterium-containing drugs may have significantly lower rates of metabolism, and hence a longer half-life, than their non-deuterated isotopologs.
Takeshi Aono
Takeshi Aono (青野 武, Aono Takeshi; June 19, 1936 – April 9, 2012) was a Japanese voice actor and narrator from Asahikawa, Hokkaidō. He was attached to Aoni Production at the time of his death. He graduated from Hokkaidō Asahikawa Higashi High School.

Bikkuriman
Bikkuriman (Japanese: ビックリマン; lit. Surprise Man) is a line of wafer snacks produced by Lotte, made notable for the randomly assorted bonus stickers included inside each snack. First released in 1977, Bikkuriman (ビックリマン, lit. "Surprise Man") became wildly popular in Japan with the introduction of the Devil VS Angel Seal (悪魔VS天使シール, Akuma vs Tenshi Shīru) series of stickers, leading to a prolific number of media tie-ins.
Zhoukoudian
Zhoukoudian Town (Chinese: 周口店镇; pinyin: Zhōukǒudiàn Zhèn) is a town on the east Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Nanjiao and Fozizhuang Townships to its north, Xiangyang, Chengguan and Yingfeng Subdistricts to its east, Shilou and Hancunhe Towns to its south, and Xiayunling Town to its west. Its population was 41,868 in the 2020 census.

Yingfeng Subdistrict
Yingfeng Subdistrict (Chinese: 迎风街道; pinyin: Yíngfēng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the eastern portion of Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Xiangyang Subdistrict in the north, Chengguan Subdistrict in the other three directions, and an exclave of Yingfeng borders Zhoukoudian Town in the west. Its population was 34,721 as of 2020.

The subdistrict was formed in 1983 after separating from Xiangyang Subdistrict. Its name Yingfeng (Chinese: 迎风; lit. 'Facing the Wind') originated from a slope of the south of the region.
Miss World 1952
Miss World 1952 was the second Miss World pageant, held at the Lyceum Ballroom in London, United Kingdom, on 14 November 1952.

At the conclusion of the event, May-Louise Flodin of Sweden was announced as Miss World 1952. It was the first back-to-back victory in Miss World. During the announcement of winners, Flodin was only awarded with a trophy and a bouquet.

A special award was given by actress and former beauty queen Betty Hutton, who came third-runner up in each of her beauty pageant. It was given to Eva Hellas of Finland. It is also known, unofficially, that the fourth-runner up was Marlene Ann Dee of United Kingdom and the fifth runner-up was Nicole Drouin from France.

Eleven contestants from ten countries participated in this year's pageant, the smallest number of contestants in its history. The pageant was hosted by Eric Morley.

Miss World
Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has chaired the pageant. Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The current Miss World is Suchata Chuangsri of Thailand who was crowned on 31 May 2025 in Hyderabad, India.
Fur Formation
The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of northern Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries in the area. The Diatomite Cliffs (moler in Danish) is on the Danish list of tentative candidates for World Heritage and may become a World Heritage site. Fossils found in the Fur Formation are primarily housed at the Fossil and Mo-clay Museum on Mors Island, the Fur Museum on Fur Island, and the Natural History Museum of Denmark (formerly named Geological Museum) in Copenhagen.

Palaeophis
Palaeophis ('ancient snake') is an extinct genus of marine snake that is the type genus of the extinct snake family Palaeophiidae.

Described species within this genus lived in the Eocene epoch, with some unnamed or questionable records from Cenomanian and Maastrichtian. Fossils of species within this genus have been found in England, France, Denmark, Morocco and Mali. Remains have also been found in North America, including Maryland and Virginia (from the early Eocene Nanjemoy Formation), Georgia and Mississippi.
Japanese submarine Ro-40
Ro-40 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaichū type submarine of the K6 sub-class. Completed and commissioned in September 1943, she served in World War II and was sunk in February 1944 during her first war patrol.

Kaichū type submarine
The Kaichū type submarine (海中型潜水艦, Kaichū-gata sensuikan) submarines were double-hulled medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The name was derived from the Kaigun-shiki Chū-gata Sensuikan (海軍式中型潜水艦, Navy Medium Type submarine).

Several variants existed. From 1934 to 1944, the K6 type (Ro-33 Class) and the K7 type (Senchū, Ro-35 Class) were built. They were equipped with a 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 gun and four 53 cm torpedo tubes for ten type 95 Long Lance torpedoes.

Most of these submarines were destroyed in combat, suffering from Allied anti-submarine warfare measures, and only Ro-50 survived the war.
KP-1461
KP-161 is an experimental antiviral drug being studied for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.  It belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

KP-1461 is a prodrug of the active antiviral agent KP-1212.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Eastbank Esplanade
The Eastbank Esplanade (officially Vera Katz Eastbank Esplanade) is a pedestrian and bicycle path along the east shore of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States. Running through the Kerns, Buckman, and Hosford-Abernethy neighborhoods, it was conceived as an urban renewal project to rebuild the Interstate 5 bicycle bypass washed out by the Willamette Valley Flood of 1996.  It was renamed for former Portland mayor Vera Katz in November 2004 and features a statue of her near the Hawthorne Bridge.

Willamette Valley flood of 1996
The Willamette Valley flood of 1996 was part of a larger series of floods in the Pacific Northwest of the United States which took place between late January and mid-February 1996. It was Oregon's largest flood event in terms of fatalities and monetary damage during the 1990s. The floods spread beyond Oregon's Willamette Valley, extending west to the Oregon Coast and east toward the Cascade Mountains. Significant flood damage also impacted the American states of Washington, Idaho (particularly the north of the state) and California. The floods were directly responsible for eight deaths in Oregon, as well as over US$500 million in property damage throughout the Pacific Northwest. Three thousand residents were displaced from their homes.
Wahine Piʻo
Kahakuhaʻakoi Wahinepiʻo (died 1826) was a Hawaiian chiefess and member of the royal family during the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.  Wahinepiʻo means captive women in Hawaiian.: 5 
Sometimes she is called Wahineopiʻo, or an extra ʻokina is added, calling her Kahakuhaʻakoʻi.
She was also called Kamoʻonohu.: 53 
She was considered Kamehameha I's third favorite wife: 11  and served as female Governor of Maui, an act unheard of at the time in the western world, but common in Hawaiian history.

Kamehameha II
Kamehameha II  (November 1797 – July 14, 1824) was the second king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1819 to 1824. His birth name was Liholiho and full name was Kalaninui kua Liholiho i ke kapu ʻIolani. It was lengthened to Kalani Kaleiʻaimoku o Kaiwikapu o Laʻamea i Kauikawekiu Ahilapalapa Kealiʻi Kauinamoku o Kahekili Kalaninui i Mamao ʻIolani i Ka Liholiho when he took the throne.

Due to his young age, his power was limited and he was controlled under Ka'ahumanu, the queen consort of his father Kamehameha I. However, Kamehameha II is disreputably known for the 'Ai Noa, when he broke traditional religious laws, leading to a lengthened period of taboo-breaking, the disbanding of the social class of priest, and the destruction of temples and images. With increased European contact, Christianity and Western influence began to appear during his reign.
5-Chloromethylfurfural
5-Chloromethylfurfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H2O(CH2Cl)CHO.  It consists of a furan substituted at the 2- and 5-positions with formyl (CHO) and chloromethyl (CH2Cl) groups.  CMF, as it is called, is obtained by dehydration of fructose and other cellulose derivatives using hydrochloric acid.  It is a colourless liquid.   It can be reduced to give 5-methylfurfural, and can be hydrolyzed to give hydroxymethylfurfural.

Typical nitrile gloves do not protect against CMF.  The compound, even when handled as a solid, can absorb through gloves and stain the skin a dark brown black color.  The health implications of dermal CMF exposure are unclear; CMF should be handled with caution.

5-Methylfurfural
5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound with the formula C6H6O2. An aldehyde that is derived through various extractions and reductions from cellulose products, it has applications as a synthetic intermediate relevant to the fields of medicine, agriculture and cosmetics. It is a food additive, and has FEMA number 270s and JECFA number 745. Reduction of 5-methylfurfural gives the product 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol.
Phelsuma lineata
Phelsuma lineata, also known commonly as the lined day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to Madagascar. It has also been introduced to Réunion.

This species as described appears to be a conglomeration of many distinct forms. Three of these are recognized subspecies (ssp. lineata; ssp. bombetokensis Mertens, 1964; and ssp. punctulata Mertens, 1970), but others could be separate taxa that should be elevated to species status as was Phelsuma dorsivittata. Phelsuma lineata is not threatened, but some unknown subspecies may be.

Gekkonidae
Gekkonidae (the common geckos) is the largest family of geckos, containing over 950 described species in 62 genera. The Gekkonidae contain many of the most widespread gecko species, including house geckos (Hemidactylus), the tokay gecko (Gekko), day geckos (Phelsuma), the  mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus), and dtellas (Gehyra). Gekkonid geckos occur globally and are particularly diverse in tropical areas. Many species of these geckos exhibit an adhering ability to surfaces through Van der Waals forces utilizing intermolecular forces between molecules of their setae (foot hair) and molecules of the surface they are on.

The genus Hemidactylus is one of the most species-rich and widely distributed of all reptile genera.
Humphries Heights
The Humphries Heights (65°3′S 63°52′W﻿ / ﻿65.050°S 63.867°W﻿ / -65.050; -63.867) are a series of elevations extending southwest from False Cape Renard to Deloncle Bay, on the northwest coast of Kyiv Peninsula, Graham Land, Antarctica. They were charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99, and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Colonel G.J. Humphries, then Deputy Director, and future Director of Overseas Surveys.

Deloncle Bay
Deloncle Bay (65°5′S 63°56′W﻿ / ﻿65.083°S 63.933°W﻿ / -65.083; -63.933) is a bay, 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) long, indenting the northwest coast of Kyiv Peninsula in Graham Land between Loubat Point and Glandaz Point, and opening on Lemaire Channel opposite Booth Island. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99. Recharted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, it was named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for François Deloncle, a French diplomat.
Anton Tinnerholm
Anton Lars Tinnerholm (born 26 February 1991) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Starting off his career with Åtvidabergs FF in 2008, he went on to represent Malmö FF and New York City FC before retiring at Malmö FF in 2025. A full international between 2015 and 2018, he won nine caps for the Sweden national team.

2011 Superettan
The 2011 Superettan was part of the 2011 Swedish football season, and the twelfth season of Superettan, Sweden's second-tier football division in its current format. The season began on 9 April 2011 and ended on 22 October 2011.

The top two teams qualified directly for promotion to Allsvenskan, the third played a play-off against the fourteenth from Allsvenskan to decide who qualified to play in Allsvenskan 2012.

The bottom two teams qualified directly for relegation to Division 1, the thirteenth and the fourteenth played a play-off against the numbers two from Division 1 Södra and Division 1 Norra to decide who qualified to play in Superettan 2012.