hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Edward Dawson
Samuel Edward Dawson, CMG FRSC (June 1, 1833 – February 9, 1916) was a Canadian businessman, publisher, author, and civil servant.

Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the son of Benjamin Dawson and Elizabeth Gardner, Dawson moved with his family to Montreal in 1847. Dawson worked with his father in his father's bookstore called Benjamin Dawson and Son. After his father retired in 1860, Dawson went into a partnership with his brother and the firm was renamed Dawson Brothers. In 1889, Dawson left the firm.

Dawson was a founder of the Dominion Note Company in 1879 and of the Montreal News Company. In 1891, he was appointed Queen's Printer which was equivalent as a deputy minister. He retired in 1908.

He was created a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1906. In 1893, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and served as its president from 1907 to 1908.

He died at his home in Westmont on February 9, 1916.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Presidential Band of the Russian Federation
The Presidential Band of the Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation (Russian:Президентский оркестр Службы коменданта Московского Кремля Федеральной службы охраны Российской Федерации) shortened to the Presidential Band of the Russian Federation (Russian:Президентский оркестр Российской Федерации) is a special military unit that is the official military band for the president of Russia. It is the main band that plays at official ceremonies and receptions for high-ranking officials that visit Russia, including heads of state, heads of government, and diplomatic delegations. Although it is not an official military unit, it is affiliated with the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia. Unlike the Special Exemplary Military Band of the Guard of Honor Battalion of Russia, which shares a similar role, the Presidential Band is the official band of the president of Russia and is based in the Kremlin.

Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin
The Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Службу коменданта Московского Кремля) is an administration unit of the Federal Protective Service of Russia. Its duties include inspecting visitors to the Kremlin and providing security to the Kremlin interior and buildings exterior from the Kremlin Wall such as Lenin's Mausoleum. Internally, has authority over the operation of certain Kremlin museums. The Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin is the operational head of the office. It has direct control over the Kremlin Regiment, which notably maintains a permanent honor guard at the eternal flame of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Amanda Blumenherst
Amanda Blumenherst (born November 4, 1986) is an American professional golfer who plays on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour. She was a three-time National Player of the Year at Duke University and won the U.S. Women's Amateur title in 2008.  In 2013, she announced that she would take a leave from professional golf to spend more time with her husband, major league baseball player Nate Freiman.

Duke Blue Devils
The Duke Blue Devils are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Duke University, located in Durham, North Carolina. Duke's athletics department features 27 varsity teams that all compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level. The name comes from the French "les Diables Bleus" or "the Blue Devils," which was the nickname given during World War I to the Chasseurs Alpins, the French Alpine light infantry battalion.

Duke joined the Southern Conference in 1929, and left in 1953 to become a founder of the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Army Air Forces Tactical Center
The Army Air Forces Tactical Center was a major command and military training organization of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. It trained cadres from newly formed units in combat operations under simulated field conditions around which new combat groups would be formed.  It was established as the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics (AAFSAT) in 1942 and redesignated the following year.

In addition to its training function, the school also developed as a tactical doctrine development center, assuming the functions formerly assigned the Air Corps Tactical School. In June 1946, the center became the Army Air Forces Proving Ground Command.

North American B-25 Mitchell
The North American B-25 Mitchell is an American medium bomber that was introduced in 1941 and named in honor of Brigadier General William "Billy" Mitchell, a pioneer of U.S. military aviation. Used by many Allied air forces, the B-25 served in every theater of World War II, and after the war ended, many remained in service, operating across four decades. Produced in numerous variants, nearly 10,000 B-25s were built. It was the most-produced American medium bomber and the third-most-produced American bomber overall. These included several limited models such as the F-10 reconnaissance aircraft, the AT-24 crew trainer, and the United States Marine Corps' PBJ-1 patrol bomber.
1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held November 8, 1994. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Harris Wofford, who was appointed to the position in 1991 and won a special election the same year, sought re-election to a full six-year term, but he was defeated by Republican Rick Santorum. By a margin of 2.5%, this election was the second-closest race of the 1994 Senate election cycle, behind only the election in California.

1994 United States Senate election in California
The 1994 United States Senate election in California was held November 8, 1994. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein won re-election to her first full term. By a margin of 1.9%, this election was the closest race of the 1994 Senate election cycle. This election was the first time ever that an incumbent Democratic Senator from California was re-elected or won re-election to this seat.
LBN 114.55+00.22
LBN 114.55+00.22 is an emission nebula in the constellation Cassiopeia. Named after the astronomer who published a catalogue of nebulae in 1965, LBN stands for “Lynds Bright Nebula." The numbers 114.55+00.22 refer to nebula's coordinates in the Milky Way Galaxy. Dust blocks most of the visible light from this nebula.

Emission nebula
An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths. The most common source of ionization is high-energy ultraviolet photons emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the exposed hot core then ionizing them.
95th Illinois General Assembly
The 95th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, existed from January 10, 2007 to January 13, 2009 during the final two years of Rod Blagojevich's governorship. The General Assembly met  at Illinois State Capitol.

During the 95th General Assembly, the Illinois Senate was in session for 183 legislative days, and the Illinois House was in session for 302 legislative days. The governor called the General Assembly into special session 26 times, the most in Illinois history.

All 118 members of the House, and 38 of the 59 members of the Senate, were elected in the 2006 election. The apportionment of seats was based on the 2000 census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

The 95th General Assembly was succeeded by the 96th General Assembly in January 2009.

Constitution of Illinois
The Constitution of the State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois. There have been four Illinois Constitutions, with the fourth version adopted in 1970. That constitution is referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" or less formally as the "1970 Constitution" even though there have been amendments to it after 1970. Important features of the 1970 Constitution include the creation of home rule powers for larger municipalities and other units of local government.
Ailinginae Atoll
Ailinginae Atoll (Marshallese: Aelōn̄in Ae, [ɑelʲɤŋinʲɑːɛ]) is an uninhabited (due to Castle Bravo nuclear testing) coral atoll of 25 islands in the Pacific Ocean, on the northern end of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 2.8 square kilometers (1.1 sq mi), but it encloses a lagoon of 105.96 square kilometers (40.91 sq mi). It is located approximately 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) west of Rongelap Atoll. The landscape is low-lying with only the top 3 meters (9.8 ft) above sea level. The two entrances into the lagoon are 'Mogiri Pass' and 'Eniibukku Pass'. These are 1.45 and 0.48 kilometers (0.9 and 0.3 mi) wide respectively.

The average temperature of these islands is about 27 °C (81 °F) during daytime and slightly warmer during night-time due to cold weather associated with rain showers during daytime. The rainy season is from September through November. The island is covered with 29 species of plants scrub, grasses and some stands of Pisonia grandis trees.

Ralik
The Ralik Chain (Marshallese: Rālik, [rˠæːlʲik]) is a chain of islands within the island nation of the Marshall Islands.  Ralik means "sunset".  It is west of the Ratak Chain. In 1999 the total population of the Ralik islands was 19,915. Christopher Loeak, who became President of the Marshall Islands in 2012, was formerly Minister for the Ralik Chain.

List of atolls and isolated islands in the chain:
Dalvir Singh Khangura
Dalvir Singh Khangura, known as "Goldy", was born on 24 September 1982 in a Jat Sikh family in Dhuri, District Sangrur, Punjab India. He has done his schooling from S.V.M., Dhuri. He later joined S.D. College, Chandigarh and did his Graduation and PGDCA, is former MLA from Dhuri, Sangrur District, Punjab. He got elected for the seat in the 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. He was a politician in Indian National Congress but joined Aam Aadmi Party in May 2024 in the presence of Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann.

2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
A Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Punjab on 4 February 2017 to elect the 117 members of the Fifteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly. The counting of votes was done on 11 March 2017. The ruling pre-election coalition was the alliance comprising the political parties Shiromani Akali Dal and Bharatiya Janata Party and led by Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal. The voter turnout for the Punjab Assembly election was 77.2% The Indian National Congress led by former Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh defeated the ruling alliance and the newcomer Aam Aadmi Party.
Quad City Challenger
The Quad City Challenger is a family of one and two seats-in-tandem, pusher configuration, tricycle landing gear ultralight aircraft that is designed and produced by Quad City Aircraft Corporation of Moline, Illinois. The Challenger was first introduced in 1983.

Rotax 582
The Rotax 582 is a 48 kW (64 hp) two-stroke, two-cylinder, rotary intake valve, oil-in-fuel or oil injection pump, liquid-cooled, gear reduction-drive aircraft engine manufactured by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG. It is for use in non-certified aircraft operating in day visual flight rules.

Production of the engine ended at the end of 2021.
2008 Scottish Liberal Democrats leadership election
The 2008 Scottish Liberal Democrats leadership election was an election to choose a new leader of the Liberal Democrats in Scotland, triggered following the resignation of Nicol Stephen for personal reasons. Deputy leader Michael Moore (MP for Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk) took over as interim party leader, and the timetable for the election was agreed on 5 July 2008: Nominations closed on 24 July 2008, the return of the ballot papers was set for 26 August 2008 and the declaration of results occurred on the same date. The last leadership election was held in 2005 after the resignation of Jim Wallace, when Stephen defeated Mike Rumbles.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Ahmed Mohamoud Gunle
Ahmed Mohamoud Gunle or Ahmad Mahmud Gunle (Somali: Axmed Maxamuud Guunle,Arabic: احمد محمود جونلي) is a Puntland politician who served as Vice President of Puntland under Jama Ali Jama from November 14, 2001, to May 8, 2002. The period of his vice presidency was disputed with Mohamed Abdi Hashi after being spoiled by the Puntland Crisis (2001–2002), which began after former president Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed rejected Gunle and his president Jama election. In May 2002, he was forcibly deposed by Ethiopian troops seeking to install his political rival president.

Vice President of Puntland
The vice president of Puntland (VPOP) serves as the secondary head of the Government of Puntland after the President of Puntland. The office was established following the formation of Puntland on 1 August 1998, and is held by five officials, and two interim vice presidents, elected by the Parliament of Puntland. The first vice president was Mohamed Abdi Hashi. Following the 2024 Vice Presidential Election, Ilyas Osman Lugator was elected in January 2024.
2007 British Athletics Championships
The 2007 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 27 to 29 July at Manchester Regional Arena in Manchester. It was first time that the event was organised by UK Athletics and it incorporated the AAA Championships (the principal national competition organised separately by the Amateur Athletic Association of England until 2006). The national championships served as a selection meeting for Great Britain at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics.

Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed under the shortened name of Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics.

Heading into the championships, UK Athletics set a target of three medals and fourteen top eight-placed athletes. Six medals were won and there were thirteen top eight finishes.
Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi
The Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi (Italian for 'hunting residence' of Stupinigi) is one of the Residences of the Royal House of Savoy in the Metropolitan City of Turin in northern Italy, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Built as a royal hunting lodge in the early 18th century, it is located in Stupinigi, a suburb (italian frazione) of the town of Nichelino, 10 km (6 mi) southwest of Turin.

Saltire
A saltire, also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross. The word comes from the Middle French sautoir, Medieval Latin saltatoria ("stirrup").

From its use as field sign, the saltire came to be used in a number of flags, in the 16th century for Scotland and Burgundy, in the 18th century also as the ensign of the Russian Navy, and for Ireland. Notable 19th-century usage includes some of the flags of the Confederate States of America. It is also used in the flag of Jamaica and on seals, and as a heraldic charge in coats of arms.

The term saltirewise or in saltire refers to heraldic charges arranged as a diagonal cross. The shield may also be divided per saltire, i.e. diagonally.

A warning sign in the shape of a saltire is also used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing.
Wacławów, Piotrków County
Wacławów [vat͡sˈwavuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Aleksandrów, 30 km (19 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Aleksandrów, Piotrków County
Aleksandrów [alɛkˈsandruf] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Aleksandrów. It lies approximately 26 km (16 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Reflective Records
Reflective Records is an independent San Francisco-based record label for electronic music, operated by Jonah Sharp and his wife. The first release was the Fluorescence 12" EP by Spacetime Continuum, which was released in August 1993 with an initial pressing of 500 copies.
In the mid-1990s, Reflective's releases were known for featuring holograms on the CD or record cover, as well as on the label in the middle of the record.

Artists that have released on Reflective:

Blaktronics

Kid Spatula (real name: Mike Paradinas, also known as μ-ziq)

Me-Sheen

MLO (members: Jonathon Tye and Peter Smith)

Move D (real name: David Moufang)

Single Cell Orchestra (real name: Miguel Angelo Fierro)

Spacetime Continuum (real name: Jonah Sharp)

Subtropic (real name: Jake Smith)

Velocette (real name: Jason Williams)

Vulva (members: Tom Melchior and Tim Hutton)

Rephlex Records
Rephlex Records was a record label launched in 1991 in Cornwall by electronic musician Richard D. James (aka Aphex Twin) and Grant Wilson-Claridge. The label coined the term braindance to describe the output of Aphex Twin and fellow artists.
Botnet
A botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots. Botnets can be used to perform distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the attacker to access the device and its connection. The owner can control the botnet using command and control (C&C) software. The word "botnet" is a portmanteau of the words "robot" and "network". The term is usually used with a negative or malicious connotation.

IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model. Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app, a standalone desktop program, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of ways used to connect include the programs Mibbit, KiwiIRC, and mIRC.

IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users by 2012. In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.
Sasyr
Sasyr (Russian: Сасыр; Yakut: Сааһыр, Saahır) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Ulakhan-Chistaysky National Rural Okrug of Momsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 400 kilometers (250 mi) from Khonuu, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 713, of whom 364 were male and 349 female, down from 772 recorded during the 2002 Census.

It is the nearest village to Moma Natural Park.

Khonuu
Khonuu (Russian: Хонуу; Yakut: Хонуу, romanized: Xonuu) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Momsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Indigirka River. Population:  2,476 (2010 Census); 2,494 (2002 Census); 3,057 (1989 Soviet census).
Tepechitlán
21°40′N 103°20′W﻿ / ﻿21.667°N 103.333°W﻿ / 21.667; -103.333

The municipality of Tepechitlán is located in the southwestern portion of the Mexican state of Zacatecas.  It is located between 21º33'49" and 21º44'00" latitude north and 103º09'07" and 103º32'01" longitude west with an average altitude of approximately 1700 meters above sea level.  The municipality covers an area of 584 square kilometers.

To the north, it is bordered by the municipality of Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román, to the south by the municipality of Teúl de González Ortega, to the east by the municipalities of Jalpa and Apozol, to the west by the municipalities of Atolinga and Florencia de Benito Juárez as well as the state of Jalisco.

Jalpa, Zacatecas
Jalpa is a town located in the Mexican state of Zacatecas, close to the border with Jalisco and Aguascalientes and about a two hours drive south of the capital city, Zacatecas. Jalpa is a colonial-style city, with cobble stone streets, narrow walkways, two main churches: El Señor de Jalpa and La Parroquia de San Antonio, and two plazas. Jalpa was modeled by the French in the 19th century. In the middle of the plaza is a kiosk which remains in good shape today, after hundreds of years. Most houses are painted in bright colors just as in colonial times. The houses are made of adobe and share common walls and most have flat roofs.

The original indigenous natives were the Caxcan, Chichimeca and Huichol people.
Macau Ladies Open
The Macau Ladies Open was a golf tournament on the Ladies Asian Golf Tour hosted in Macau.

It was only held in 2006 and 2007, and played at the Macau Golf & Country Club, same venue as the Macau Open.

Macau Open
The Macau Open is a men's professional golf tournament on the Asian Tour which takes place in Macau. It was founded in 1998. The venue is the Macau Golf and Country Club at Coloane. Past winners including international stars and multiple European Tour Order of Merit champions Colin Montgomerie and Lee Westwood, as well as 6-time European Tour winner Simon Dyson. In 2016, the purse was US$1,100,000.

Having not been played since 2017, the event returned in 2023 to the Asian Tour's schedule.
Criticism of the Awami League
Public criticisms of the Bangladesh Awami League include the Bangladesh Chhatra League, the Jubo League, the Swechchhasebak League, etc., as well as other bodies with which Awami League is overtly or allegedly involved, when they were in power or not. Notable examples include the Murder of Abrar Fahad, the Padma Bridge graft scandal, the Murder of Biswajit Das, the Murder of Sagar Sarowar and Meherun Runi, the Bangladesh Rifles revolt, the 2013 Shapla Square protests, the Bangladesh quota reform movement, the Violence of Bangladesh Chhatra League, the S Alam Group scandal, the Logi Boitha Movement, issues over disputed elections in 2009, 2014 and 2018, and the corruption at the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, etc.

Bangladesh quota reform movement
The quota reform movement in Bangladesh was organized to demand a reduction in government job quotas and shift toward merit-based recruitment. There were three significant protests. The first occurred in 2013, when university students opposed the disproportionate allocation of jobs through quotas. In 2018, a second wave of protests led to a government circular favoring the protesters, but it was later invalidated by the Supreme Court. This sparked a third wave of protests in 2024, during which violent clashes between students, the police, and Chhatra League occurred, contributing to the movement turning into a non-cooperation campaign leading to the fall of the Hasina government.