hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicolás Gaitán
Osvaldo Nicolás Fabián "Nico" Gaitán (Spanish pronunciation: [osˈβaldo faˈβjan nikoˈlas ˈniko ɣajˈtan]; born 23 February 1988) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger.

A product of Boca Juniors, he joined Benfica in Portugal, where he won three Primeira Liga titles, one Taça de Portugal, five Taça da Liga and one Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in six seasons.

LPFP Awards
The LPF Awards are a number of awards given annually during the Portuguese League for Professional Football (LPF) gala, and the winners are chosen by a vote amongst the LPFP pairs. Between 2006 and 2010 the winners were chosen only by a vote amongst the members of Sports National Press Club (CNID). Since 2011, thanks to new sponsorship agreements, all the awards related to football belong to LPFP and their associated.

These awards are given annually to players playing in Primeira Liga and Segunda Liga, as to managers and referees, the most prestigious one being the LPFP Primeira Liga Player of the Year.
Mike Backman
Michael Charles Backman (born January 2, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted by the World Hockey Association's Quebec Nordiques in the seventh round, 100th, of the 1975 WHA Amateur Draft; however, he never played in that league. Despite being un-drafted in the National Hockey League, he played eighteen regular-season and ten playoff games in the NHL with the New York Rangers over three seasons from 1982 to 1983. Backman first played NHL hockey with the Rangers in the 1981-82 season, playing three games. He registered two assists that first year and the following year scored his first NHL goal.

Backman's elder son Sean was also a professional ice hockey player, as are his sons-in-law Jonathan Quick and Matt Moulson.

Jonathan Quick
Jonathan Douglas Quick (born January 21, 1986) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a goaltender for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Quick was selected in the third round, 72nd overall, by the Los Angeles Kings at the 2005 NHL entry draft.

Quick is a two-time Vezina Trophy nominee and William M. Jennings Trophy winner and was a silver medalist with the United States at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Quick is a three-time Stanley Cup champion, having won with the Kings in 2012 and 2014 and the Vegas Golden Knights in 2023. Quick's Conn Smythe Trophy-winning run in the 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs has been described as the best statistical playoff run ever. In March 2024, Quick became the winningest American-born goaltender in NHL history, surpassing Ryan Miller. In February 2025, Quick became the first American-born goaltender to win 400 games.
Anna Karenina principle
The Anna Karenina principle states that for success to occur in a complex endeavor, all key factors must be present and work correctly. The endeavor does not succeed when even one essential element is missing, meaning there are many different ways to fail. It is named for Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel Anna Karenina, which begins:

This line suggests that happy families resemble one another because they possess the necessary traits for happiness, whereas unhappy families may have any variety of attributes. The Anna Karenina principle has been generalized to several fields of study. In statistics, it is used to describe significance tests, as there are many ways in which a dataset can violate the null hypothesis but only one in which all the assumptions are satisfied.

Null hypothesis
The null hypothesis (often denoted ) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist.  The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesis in which no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed. If the null hypothesis is true, any experimentally observed effect is due to chance alone, hence the term "null". In contrast with the null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis (often denoted or ) is developed, which claims that a relationship does exist between two variables.
Gecarcinus ruricola
Gecarcinus ruricola is a species of terrestrial crab. It is the most terrestrial of the Caribbean land crabs, and is found from western Cuba across the Antilles as far east as Barbados. Common names for G. ruricola include the purple land crab, black land crab, red land crab, and zombie crab.

Terrestrial crab
A number of lineages of crabs have evolved to live predominantly on land. Examples of terrestrial crabs are found in the families Gecarcinidae and Gecarcinucidae, as well as in selected genera from other families, such as Sesarma, although the term "land crab" is often used to mean solely the family Gecarcinidae.
Brunsden Lock
Brunsdon Lock is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, near Kintbury, Berkshire, England.

The lock has a rise/fall of 4 ft 11 in (1.5 m).
The Lock is also known as Brunsden Lock and was the site of a coal and grain merchant's business called Brunsdens for many years.

It is a grade II listed building.

Kintbury
Kintbury is a village and civil parish in the West Berkshire district, Berkshire, England, between the towns of Newbury and Hungerford. The village has a convenient railway to Paddington and Reading, proximity to other transport and local cultural destinations, including Roman and Norman sites, and forms part of a very large Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the North Wessex Downs which extends from the River Thames at Streatley to West Wiltshire. The parish includes the hamlets of Clapton, Elcot and Winding Wood.
Olympos (company)
Olympos (Greek: Όλυμπος) is the name of a Greek dairy products company based in Trikala, Thessalia.

It was founded in 1965 by an agricultural cooperation in Larissa with the support of Agrotiki Bank.

In 2000 the company changed ownership and its industrial base was transferred to Trikala.

As of 2018, it holds the second place of sales on dairy products in the Greek market with exports to 34 countries.

Agricultural Bank of Greece
The Agricultural Bank of Greece was a commercial bank based in Athens, Greece. The bank was founded in 1929. The bank proclaimed that it would focus on the Balkan bank market, with the business activities of supporting of the agricultural sector. ATEbank held a strong position at Athens Stock Exchange and has become a member of Piraeus Bank in the year 2013.

The Bank's development of business activities called for a new name and corporate image as ATEbank.
History of Freeview UK
Freeview is the collection of free-to-air services on the digital terrestrial television platform in the United Kingdom. The service was launched at 5 am on 30 October 2002 and is jointly operated by its five equal shareholders – BBC, ITV, Channel 4, BSkyB and transmitter operator Arqiva.

Price Drop
Price Drop was a British television shopping channel based in the UK, that ran daily live reverse auctions. It was the first reverse auction channel of its kind in the world. The channel was owned by Bid Shopping.
Controversies of Nestlé
Nestlé has been involved in a significant number of controversies and has been criticized a number of times for its business practices. Since the 1970s, Nestlé has faced criticism for:

forced labour

modern slavery

child labour

incidents of contaminated and infested food products

preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries

issues around animal welfare commitments

actively spreading disinformation about recycling

illegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American  reservations

price fixing

union-busting activity

deforestation

lobbying to support misinformation about infant and women's nutrition. In 2014, Nestlé alone spent an estimated $160,000 on lobbying related to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

Arrowhead Water
Arrowhead Water, also known as Arrowhead Mountain Spring Water, is a brand of drinking water that is sold in the Western United States, particularly in Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and California. It is bottled from 13 springs throughout the Western United States.
2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series
The 2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series was the ninth of an annual IRB Sevens World Series of rugby sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000.

The defending series champions, New Zealand, dominated this season's competition, winning the first five events, setting new records for consecutive tournament wins and consecutive match wins, and clinching the 2007–08 series with one tournament remaining after winning the Plate Final of the London leg. They ended with six wins out of the eight events.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format; however, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days.

2006–07 IRB Sevens World Series
2006–07 IRB Sevens World Series was the eighth of an annual series of rugby sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000.

New Zealand were the series champions, winning the final tournament in Edinburgh to take the lead on the standings. In that event, the then-defending series champions Fiji would have clinched the season crown by defeating Wales in the Cup quarterfinals. However, a Wales upset win opened the door for New Zealand to take the season crown by winning the Cup in Edinburgh, which they did.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format; however, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in April 2020, the virus which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

Yanomami
The Yanomami, also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200–250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil.
Mary Hall Surface
Mary Hall Surface (born June 15, 1958) is an American theatre director, playwright, and teaching artist. Based in Washington, DC, her work focuses on theatre productions for family audiences and writing inspired by art.

In 2022, Surface received the Orlin Corey Medallion Award from the Children's Theatre Foundation of America." Surface has been nominated for 10 Helen Hayes Awards and received the 2002 Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Direction of a musical for her production of Perseus Bayou.

In her approach as a creative writing teacher and mentor, Surface uses visual art in the writing process. As described in a Washington Post feature about her work at the National Gallery of Art, "Surface searches for a powerful link between a work of art and an aspect of writing."

Constellation Theatre Company
Constellation Theatre Company is a non-profit theater company located in Washington, D.C., performing at the Source Theatre, a black box theatre. Since its founding in 2007, Constellation has received several Helen Hayes Awards, including the John Aniello Award for Outstanding Emerging Theatre Company in 2009.
The Howard Case
The Howard Case (also known as Dangerous Venture) is a 1936 British crime film directed by Fraser Foulsham and Frank Richardson and starring Jack Livesey, Olive Sloane and David Keir. It was adapted by H.F. Maltby from his play Fraud.

It was produced as a quota quickie for release by Universal Pictures.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
NGC 3705
NGC 3705 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by William Herschel on Jan 18, 1784. It is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 3705: SN 2022xxf (type Ic, mag. 15.5).

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
HMS Gurkha (F122)
HMS Gurkha (F122) was a Tribal-class frigate of the Royal Navy. She was named after an ethnic group located in Nepal, and who continue to serve in the British Army. She was sold to the Indonesian Navy in 1984 and renamed KRI Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes (332).

Woolston, Southampton
Woolston is a suburb of Southampton, located on the eastern bank of the River Itchen.  It is bounded by the River Itchen, Sholing, Peartree Green, Itchen and Weston.

The area has a strong maritime and aviation history. The former hamlet grew as new industries, roads and railways came to the area in the Victorian era with Woolston formally incorporated into the borough of Southampton in 1920.
Marano di Valpolicella
Marano di Valpolicella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,975 and an area of 18.6 square kilometres (7.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Marano di Valpolicella contains the frazione (subdivision) Valgatara e San Rocco.

Marano di Valpolicella borders the following municipalities: Fumane, Negrar, San Pietro in Cariano, and Sant'Anna d'Alfaedo.

San Pietro in Cariano
San Pietro in Cariano (Venetian: San Piero in Carian) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Verona. It is located in the geographical region of Valpolicella.

The main attraction is the Romanesque pieve of San Floriano (10th century) and Villa Serego, a Palladian villa designed by Andrea Palladio.
Baker's Falls
Baker's Falls (Sinhala: බේකර් ඇල්ල, originally known as Gonagala Ella) is a famous waterfall in Horton Plains National Park in the Nuwara Eliya District of Sri Lanka. Approximately 20 metres (66 ft) high, the waterfall is formed by the Belihul Oya, a major tributary of the Walawe River.

Baker's falls are 20 metres (66 ft) high and 25 m (82 ft) wide. The falls were named after British explorer and big game hunter Sir Samuel Baker, who is credited with discovering it in 1845 during his expeditions in the central highlands.

Baker’s Falls is characterised by its twin cascades and rocky surroundings. The waterfall flows forcefully into a rock pool, creating a loud, misty spray that enhances its scenic charm. The plunge pool beneath the falls is estimated to be around 12 m (39 ft) deep, and has a reputation for being dangerous. Several accidents have been reported here, so swimming is discouraged.

Nuwara Eliya District
Nuwara Eliya District (Tamil: நுவரெலியா மாவட்டம், romanized: Nuvareliyā Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, romanized: Nuvaraeḷiya Distrikkaya) is a district in Central Province, Sri Lanka, centered on the tourist city of Nuwara Eliya.
Minister of Physical Infrastructure and Transport
The Minister of Physical Infrastructure and Transport (Nepali: भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्री) is the head of the Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport. One of the most senior officers in the Federal Cabinet, the minister is responsibility supporting various economic activities and projects related to the development of the country's major physical infrastructure such as national public roads, national railways, waterways, which connect the country's rural areas with the market, tourism, agriculture, electrical, industrial and related projects in the country.

The current minister is Sushila Karki, who took the charge on 7 January 2026 after the resignation of Kulman Ghising.

Kul Man Ghising
Kulman Ghising (Nepali: कुलमान घिसिङ, pronounced [ˈkulman ˈɡʱisiŋ]) is a Nepalese engineer, technocrat, politician, and chairman of Ujyaalo Nepal Party.  Ghising served as minister of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation along with Urban Development and Physical Infrastructure and Transport in interim cabinet formed after 2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests. He is a candidate running for Prime Minister of Nepal.

He has served as managing director of Nepal Electricity Authority for a decade, during his tenure the country's long-standing load-shedding (power outage) crisis ended.
1914 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
The 1914 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1914, and was a race for Governor of Oklahoma. Democrat Robert L. Williams narrowly defeated Republican John Fields and Socialist Fred W. Holt.  Also on the ballot were Independents Amos L. Wilson and T. J. Wood as well as Progressive Party nominee John P. Hickam. The Prohibition Party also had ballot access but did not run a candidate in the general election.

This was the closest gubernatorial election in Oklahoma until 1970 and Williams' 39.65% share of the vote is the lowest for any winning candidate in the state's history.

Craig County, Oklahoma
Craig County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,107. Its county seat is Vinita. The county was organized in 1907, shortly before statehood, and named for Granville Craig, a prominent Cherokee farmer who lived in the Bluejacket area.
Kiyoko Ichiki
Kiyoko Ichiki (市来貴代子, Ichiki Kiyoko) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for her time in the Japanese promotions JWP Joshi Puroresu, NEO Japan Ladies Pro-Wrestling and Big Japan Pro Wrestling.

BJW Women's Championship
The BJW Women's Championship (Japanese: BJW認定女子王座, Hepburn: BJW-nintei Joshi Ōza) was a title defended in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling. It was created in 2000.

There were only three reigns and one vacancy shared between three wrestlers.
The Duke and I
The Duke and I is a 2000 historical romance novel written by Julia Quinn, first published by Avon. It is the first novel of Quinn's series of Regency romances about the Bridgerton siblings and tells the story of Daphne, the fourth child and eldest daughter of the family.

Coitus interruptus
Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, pulling out or the pull-out method, is an act of birth control during sexual intercourse, whereby the penis is withdrawn from a vagina prior to ejaculation so that the ejaculate (semen) may be directed away in an effort to avoid insemination.

This method was used by an estimated 38 million couples worldwide in 1991. Coitus interruptus does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Trams in Karlsruhe
The Karlsruhe tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Karlsruhe) is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Karlsruhe, a city in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Opened in 1877, the network has been operated since 1997 by Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe GmbH (VBK), a company owned by the city of Karlsruhe. The city itself was the tram network's operator between 1903 and 1997.

Karlsruhe model
The Karlsruhe model of public transport is a tram-train system which consists of tram/light rail trains and commuter/regional rail trains running on the same set of tracks, generally between or outside of urban areas. It was initially developed and implemented in the city of Karlsruhe, Germany, by the local transit authority, Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (KVV).
2022 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2022 lists the national/federal elections held in 2022 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.

2022 East Timorese presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Timor-Leste on 19 March 2022. Incumbent Francisco Guterres sought election to a second term. As none of the presidential nominees received at least 50% of the cast votes, a runoff was held on 19 April 2022, between the top two candidates, José Ramos-Horta and Guterres. Ramos-Horta won the runoff with 62.1% of the total votes cast.

The election marked the first time that someone had been re-elected to the East Timorese presidency (albeit to a non-consecutive term), as well as the second time that an incumbent president had been defeated – after the 2012 election, when Ramos-Horta was eliminated in the first round. As a result of constitutional provisions which limit presidents to two five-year terms in a lifetime, Ramos-Horta will be ineligible to run in any future presidential election.
Pyemusan station
P'yemusan station is a railway station in Puryŏng, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Musan Line of the Korean State Railway.

It was opened, along with the rest of the Komusan–Sinch'am section of the Musan line, on 20 August 1927.

Local passenger trains running between Musan and Ch'ŏngjin on the southern junction of the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines serve this station, and there are several daily commuter trains for workers and students between Musan and Komusan.

Sincham station
Sinch'am station is a railway station in Musan county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Musan Line of the Korean State Railway.

It was opened, along with the rest of the Komusan-Sinch'am section of the Musan line, on 20 August 1927.

Local passenger trains running between Musan and Ch'ŏngjin on the southern junction of the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines serve this station, and there are several daily commuter trains for workers and students between Musan and Komusan.
2018–19 DEL2 season
The 2018–19 DEL2 season was the sixth season since the founding of the DEL2, the second tier of German ice hockey, set below the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. The season ran from 14 September 2018 till 28 April 2019. Löwen Frankfurt was crowned league premiers by finishing top of the regular season standings. Ravensburg Towerstars caused an upset by claiming the championship title by defeating Löwen Frankfurt 4-2 in the final series. Promoted team, Deggendorfer SC, was unable to survive in DEL2 and was relegated after losing the relegation playoffs final 3-4 against Wölfe Freiburg.

Ravensburg Towerstars
The Ravensburg Towerstars are a professional ice hockey team based in Ravensburg, Germany, and one of the oldest clubs in the country. They currently play in DEL2, the second level of ice hockey in Germany.

Prior to the 2013–14 season they played in the 2nd Bundesliga. They finished the 2011 season first, becoming champions of the 2nd Bundesliga. However, as there was at the time no promotion and relegation between 2nd Bundesliga and the highest German ice hockey league, the DEL, the Ravensburg Towerstars were not promoted following their success.

Until 2007 they played in the Oberliga.
Grand-Auverné Formation
The Grand Auverné Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Darriwilian to Sandbian (Dobrotivian in the regional stratigraphy) stages of the Ordovician period.

Sandbian
The Sandbian is the first stage of the Upper Ordovician. It follows the Darriwilian and is succeeded by the Katian. Its lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Nemagraptus gracilis around 458.2 million years ago. The Sandbian lasted for about 5.4 million years until the beginning of the Katian around 452.8 million years ago.