hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formes fixes
The formes fixes (French: [fɔʁm fiks]; singular: forme fixe, "fixed form") are the three 14th- and 15th-century French poetic forms: the ballade, rondeau, and virelai. Each was also a musical form, generally a chanson, and all consisted of a complex pattern of repetition of verses and a refrain with musical content in two main sections.

All three forms can be found in 13th-century sources, but a 15th-century source gives Philippe de Vitry as their first composer while the first comprehensive repertory of these forms was written by Guillaume de Machaut. The formes fixes stopped being used in music around the end of the 15th century, although their influence continued (in poetry they, especially the rondeau, continued to be used).

Sometimes forms from other countries and periods are referred to as formes fixes. These include the Italian 14th-century madrigal and later ballata and barzelletta, the German bar form, Spanish 13th-century cantiga, and the later canción, and villancico.

Madrigal (Trecento)
The Trecento Madrigal is an Italian musical form of the 14th century. It is quite distinct from the madrigal of the Renaissance and early Baroque, with which it shares only the name. The madrigal of the Trecento flourished ca. 1340–1370 with a short revival near 1400. It was a composition for two (or rarely three) voices, sometimes on a pastoral subject. In its earliest development it was simple construction: Francesco da Barberino in 1300 called it a "raw and chaotic singalong".

The text of the madrigal is divided into three sections: two strophes called terzetti set to the same music and a concluding section called the ritornello usually in a different meter, creating an aaB form.
Ukraine national bandy team
The Ukraine national bandy team is Ukraine's national representative in the winter team sport of bandy. Two national teams exist, one for men and one for women. Both teams are organized by the Ukrainian Bandy and Rink bandy Federation. A national junior boys team has also competed internationally for Ukraine. This article deals chiefly with the men's senior national team. The national team's kit is in the Ukrainian colours of yellow and blue.

The Ukraine national men's bandy team made its debut at the 2013 Bandy World Championship. The Ukraine women's national bandy team was scheduled to make its world debut at the 2022 Women's Bandy World Championship but had to withdraw due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Ukraine women's national bandy team made its debut at the 2023 Women's Bandy World Championship in Sweden, finishing 6th.

Youth Bandy World Championship
The Bandy World Championship for youth teams is a group of sports tournaments held for bandy athletes competing for their junior national teams. There are four different age classes for boys and young men and one age class for girls. The tournaments are governed by the Federation of International Bandy.
Swarup Rani Nehru
Swarup Rani Nehru (née Thussu; 1868 – 10 January 1938) was an Indian independence activist. She was the wife of barrister and Indian National Congress leader Motilal Nehru and the mother of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, and Krishna Nehru Hutheesing.

She played a prominent role in India's freedom movement in the 1920s–30s as an advocate of civil disobedience against the British Raj and its salt laws, and encouraged women to make salt.

Nayantara Sahgal
Nayantara Sahgal (née Pandit; born 10 May 1927) is an Indian writer who writes in English. She is a member of the Nehru–Gandhi family, the second of the three daughters born to Jawaharlal Nehru's sister, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.

She was awarded the 1986 Sahitya Akademi Award for her English novel Rich Like Us (1985).
Preussiella
Preussiella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae.

Its native range is western and western central Tropical Africa, in the countries of Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Island, Ivory Coast and Liberia.

The genus name of Preussiella is in honour of Paul Rudolf Preuss (1861–1926), a German botanist and researcher. He founded and directed a botanical garden in Kamerun (now called Cameroon). It was first described and published in Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. Vol.1 on page 267 in 1897.

Known species, according to Kew:

Preussiella gabonensis Jacq.-Fél.

Preussiella kamerunensis Gilg

Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae (/mɛləstoʊmɑːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
George R. Bidwell
George R. Bidwell (November 8, 1858 – March 16, 1948) was a pioneering American bicycle salesman and manufacturer. Active in politics as a Republican, from July 14, 1897, to April 3, 1902, he was Collector of the Port of New York.

Collector of the Port of New York
The Collector of Customs at the Port of New York, most often referred to as Collector of the Port of New York, was a federal officer who was in charge of the collection of import duties on foreign goods that entered the United States by ship at the Port of New York.

In addition to its control of import duties, the office controlled and distributed a large number of lucrative federal jobs, making it among the most important political patronage positions in the United States government. Disputes over control of the office, particularly between the President and United States Senators from New York, who traditionally advised on political appointments within the state, were a key aspect of the national debate over civil service reform in the nineteenth century.

The best-known individual to hold the position was Chester A. Arthur, who served as collector from 1871 to 1878 and who later served as the 21st president of the United States.
Colette Rolland
Colette Rolland (born 1943, in Dieupentale, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) is a French computer scientist and Professor of Computer Science in the department of Mathematics and Informatics at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. She is a leading researcher in the area of information and knowledge systems, known for her work on meta-modeling, particularly goal modelling and situational method engineering.

Janis Bubenko
Janis Askolds Bubenko junior (Latvian: Jānis Askolds Bubenko jaunākais; 3 February 1935 – 15 January 2022) was a Swedish computer scientist and professor emeritus at the Department of Computer and Systems Science, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University.
Women Against War
Women Against War is the name of two organizations of women opposed to war. The first of these organizations was created in the 1950s in response to the Vietnam War. The second is the currently operating organization working out of Delmar, New York.

Anti-war movement
An anti-war movement is a social movement in opposition to one or more nations' decision to start or carry on an armed conflict. The term anti-war can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts, or to anti-war books, paintings, and other works of art. Some activists distinguish between anti-war movements and peace movements. Anti-war activists work through protest and other grassroots means to attempt to pressure a government (or governments) to put an end to a particular war or conflict or to prevent one from arising.
2022 Czech Darts Open
The 2022 Gambrinus Czech Darts Open was the sixth of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2022 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at the Královka Arena, Prague, Czech Republic, from 13 to 15 May 2022. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Jamie Hughes was the defending champion after defeating Stephen Bunting 8–3 in the 2019 final, but he failed to qualify for this tournament, so was unable to defend his title.

Luke Humphries won his second European Tour title with an 8–5 win over Rob Cross in the final.

2022 PDC Pro Tour
The 2022 PDC Pro Tour was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Players Championships and European Tour events are the events that make up the Pro Tour. There were thirty Players Championship events and thirteen PDC European Tour events, and after the split format last year, the Challenge and Development Tours returned as one big tour, rather than a UK/European split tour.
Two Tigers (nursery rhyme)
Two Tigers (or Little Tigers) is a popular traditional Mandarin nursery rhyme called "Liang Zhi Lao Hu" in Mandarin.  Variations adopt the tune of the French melody "Frère Jacques", "Where is Thumbkin", or the third movement of Mahler's "Symphony No. 1"

The tune depicts two high-spirited baby tigers, tussling to the point that they have bitten off select body parts. It is particularly popular amongst parents of toddlers born in the Year of the Tiger.

Where is Thumbkin
"Where Is Thumbkin?" is an English-language nursery rhyme, action song, and children's song of American origin. The song is sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques". The song and actions have long been used in children's play, and in teaching in nursery, pre-school and kindergarten settings, as it uses simple and repetitive phrases, and tactile, visual and aural signals.
Hörnum
Hörnum (German pronunciation: [ˈhœʁnʊm] ⓘ; officially Hörnum (Sylt); Sölring Frisian: Hörnem; Danish: Hørnum) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located on the southern headland of the island of Sylt. The municipality is part of the Amt Landschaft Sylt. The economy is dominated by tourism.

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
Order of Christ Cross
The Cross of the Order of Christ (Portuguese: Cruz da Ordem de Cristo), also known as the Cross of Christ (Cruz de Cristo) or the Portuguese Cross (Cruz Portuguesa), is a cross symbol of Portugal, originating in the Portuguese Order of Christ, founded in 1319. During the time of Prince Henry the Navigator, the cross came to be associated with the Portuguese discoveries and the Portuguese Empire. The cross can be considered a variant of the cross pattée or the cross potent.

Military aircraft insignia
Military aircraft insignia are insignia applied to military aircraft to visually identify the nation or branch of military service to which the aircraft belong.  Many insignia are in the form of a circular roundel or modified roundel; other shapes such as stars, crosses, squares, or triangles are also used.  Insignia are often displayed on the sides of the fuselage, the upper and lower surfaces of the wings, as well as on the fin or rudder of an aircraft, although considerable variation can be found amongst different air arms and within specific air arms over time.
Wila Quta (La Paz)
Wila Quta (Aymara wila blood red, blood, quta, lake, "red lake", also spelled Wila Khota, Wila Kkota) is a 5,032-metre-high (16,509 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, Palca Municipality. It lies southwest of Mururata and Qutapata and northeast of Janq'u Qalani.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Heath Shaw
Heath Shaw (born 27 November 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League (AFL). Heath grew up in Diamond Creek and played junior sport for Diamond Creek Football Club and Diamond Creek Cricket Club.

Scott Burns (footballer)
Scott Burns (born 23 December 1974) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for and captained the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Burns currently serves as the Senior Assistant Coach of the Adelaide Football Club.
Moltke family
The Moltke family is an old German noble family. The family originates in Mecklenburg, with branches throughout Germany and Scandinavia. Members of the family have been noted as statesmen, high-ranking military officers, and major landowners across Denmark, Prussia, and Poland.

Helmuth James von Moltke
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke (11 March 1907 – 23 January 1945) was a German jurist who, as a draftee in the German Abwehr, acted to subvert German human-rights abuses of people in territories occupied by Germany during World War II.  He was a founding member of the Kreisau Circle opposition group, whose members opposed the government of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, and discussed prospects for a Germany based on moral and democratic principles after Hitler. The Nazis executed him for treason for his participation in these discussions.

Moltke was the grandnephew of Helmuth von Moltke the Younger and the great-grandnephew of Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, the victorious commander in the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars, from whom he inherited the Kreisau estate in Prussian Silesia, now Krzyżowa in Poland.
Emily Howland
Emily Howland (November 20, 1827 – June 29, 1929) was a philanthropist, humanitarian, and educator. She supported the education of African-Americans. She was also a strong supporter of women's rights and the temperance movement.  Howland personally financed the education of many black students and contributed to institutions such as the Tuskegee Institute, Henry Damon Davidson's Centerville Industrial Institute, and Kowaliga Institute in Kowaliga, Alabama, where Howland Hall was named for her.

Cayuga County, New York
Cayuga County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,248. Its county seat and largest city is Auburn. The county was named for the Cayuga people, one of the Native American tribes in the Iroquois Confederation. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cayuga County comprises the Auburn, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Syracuse-Auburn, NY Combined Statistical Area.
Gottschedstrasse
Gottschedstrasse is a residential street in Leipzig, Germany, in the so-called theater district (in German language: Schauspielviertel) of the Innere Westvorstadt (inner west Vorstadt). It extends over a length of around 650 m (2,132.5 ft) in an east–west direction from the Inner City Ring Road at the level of St. Thomas Church to the Poniatowski monument at Elstermühlgraben. It is named after the writer, literary and theater theorist Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766). It is primarily known as a pub and nightlife area.

Elstermühlgraben
The Elstermühlgraben (litt.: Elster mill race or Elster mill ditch) is an approximately 4 km (2 mi) long, now partially underground mill canal in the city of Leipzig, Germany, in the Zentrum-West and Zentrum-Nordwest localities. It exists as an artificial tributary of the White Elster for more than 800 years.
Ching-Te (crater)
Ching-Te is a small lunar impact crater located in a mountainous area to the east of the Mare Serenitatis. It is a circular, bowl-shaped formation with no distinguishing features.

To the south-southeast is the crater Fabbroni, and to the northeast is Littrow. North of Ching-Te is the Rimae Littrow rille system as well as the crater Clerke.  Between Ching-Te and Mons Argaeus to the southwest lies the tiny crater Stella, with a bright ray system.

In the Taurus–Littrow valley about 20 kilometers to the east is the landing site of the Apollo 17 expedition.

The name of the crater was proposed by Dr. Farouk El-Baz and approved by the IAU in 1976.

Littrow (crater)
Littrow is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northeastern part of the Moon's near side, on the east edge of Mare Serenitatis. Its diameter is 29 km. The crater is named after Bohemian astronomer Joseph Johann von Littrow (1781–1840). Some distance to the northeast is the prominent crater Römer, while to the south is Vitruvius.

The rim of Littrow is heavily worn and eroded, especially along the southern wall. The interior has been flooded with lava in the past, leaving a relatively smooth, featureless surface with no central rise.
Hong Kong CyberU
Hong Kong CyberU (or HKCyberU; Chinese: 香港網上學府) was a virtual school developed by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) and PCCW in 2000. It later became the online arm of PolyU. HKCyberU adopts a ‘blended mode’ of study to combine the flexibility of web-based learning with personal guidance through face-to-face tutorials. It provides web-based programmes leading to academic awards (up to postgraduates level) offered by PolyU and other institutions in the Mainland and overseas.

The objective is to fulfil the needs of working professionals and executives in acquiring recognised university qualifications and professional education through part-time and web-based studies with maximum flexibility. HKCyberU was terminated in 2012.

Hong Kong Polytechnic University
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU or HKPU) is a public university in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The university is one of the eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. Founded in 1937 as the first Government Trade School, it is the first institution to provide technical education in Hong Kong. In 1994, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong passed a bill which granted the former Hong Kong Polytechnic official university status.

PolyU consists of 7 Faculties, 4 Schools and 1 College, offering programmes covering business, computer and mathematical sciences, construction & environment, engineering, health & social science, humanities, design, fashion & textiles, hotel and tourism management.
Estadio Banorte (Monterrey)
Estadio Banorte is a multi-purpose stadium in Monterrey, Mexico. It is the home stadium for the college football team Borregos Salvajes Monterrey of the ONEFA and the professional American football team Fundidores de Monterrey from the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional. The stadium was inaugurated in April 2019 and seats 10,057 spectators.

In March 2021, Mexican bank Banorte was announced as the stadiums's main sponsor.

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM; Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), also known as the Technological Institute of Monterrey (Spanish: Tecnológico de Monterrey) or simply Tec, is a private research university based in Monterrey, Mexico. It has expanded to include 35 campuses across 25 cities in the country and 22 liaison offices in 15 other countries.

The university was founded in 1943 by Eugenio Garza Sada, who was educated at MIT in the United States. Eugenio Garza Sada was an industrialist and philanthropist from Monterrey.

ITESM was the first university outside the U.S. to establish an internet connection in the Western Hemisphere, linking the University of Texas at San Antonio directly.
Rigidoporus nevadensis
Rigidoporus nevadensis is a species of polypore fungus in the family Meripilaceae. Found in the Andes region of Venezuela, it was described as a new species in 2010 by mycologists Teresa Iturriaga and Leif Ryvarden.

Meripilaceae
The Meripilaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982 with Meripilus as the type genus. A 2008 estimate placed 7 genera and 57 species in Meripilaceae. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 74 species in the family.
Future workshop
The future workshop is a futures technique developed by Robert Jungk, Ruediger Lutz and Norbert R. Muellert in the 1970s. It enables a group of people to develop new ideas or solutions of social problems. A future workshop is particularly suitable for participants who have little experience with processes of creative decision making, for example children or youth. However it is a useful method for any kind of complex problem that requires many stakeholders' involvement. The future workshop method requires an intensive preparation and support by trained moderators. It is used in spatial planning to involve citizens in the planning process,  in software engineering to create a common vision of the future, and in health care to solve complex and multifaceted problems.

The method is similar to Open Space Technology, Future Search, BarCamp or Unconferences.

Future workshop may also be used as a kind of action research method.

Open space technology
Open space technology (OST) is a method for organizing and running a meeting or multi-day conference where participants are invited to focus on a specific, important task or purpose. The agenda and schedule of presentations are partly or mostly unknown until people begin arriving. The scheduling of speakers, topics, and locations is created by people attending once they arrive. A debriefing document is created at the end of each OST meeting, summarizing what worked and what did not.
Harrison Owen created the method in the early 1980s as an alternative to pre-planned conferences, where conference organizers predetermined speakers and time was often scheduled months in advance. OST instead relies on decisions made by participants once they are physically present at the live event venue.
OST was among the top ten organizational development tools cited between 2004 and 2013.
Number of the Beast (comics)
Number of the Beast is a  comic book limited series, written by Scott Beatty, with art by Chris Sprouse.

Number of the Beast was the second in a number of bi-weekly series, it was preceded by Wildstorm: Revelations, which resulted in the relaunch of a number of Wildstorm titles.

The Authority (comics)
The Authority is a superhero comic book series published by DC Comics under the Wildstorm imprint. It was created in 1999 by Warren Ellis and Bryan Hitch, and follows the adventures of the Authority, a superhero team mainly composed of Ellis-created characters from Stormwatch.

The team appear in various media set in the DC Universe (DCU) media franchise. Angela Spica / Engineer appears in the film Superman (2025) portrayed by María Gabriela de Faría, while the team will additionally headline a self-titled film in development.
John Molson Jr.
John Molson Jr. (October 14, 1787 – July 12, 1860) was a Canadian politician and businessman. He served as director of Molson Bank, president of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad (Canada's first railway), and president of Montreal General Hospital. He was the son of the founder of the Molson family dynasty in Canadian business.

Molson family
The Molson family of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was founded by John Molson, who immigrated to Canada in 1782 from his home in Lincolnshire, England. They are considered to be one of Canada's most prominent business families with a combined net worth of C$1.75 billion.