hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vacuum energy
Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire universe. The vacuum energy is a special case of zero-point energy that relates to the quantum vacuum.

The effects of vacuum energy can be experimentally observed in various phenomena such as spontaneous emission, the Casimir effect, and the Lamb shift, and are thought to influence the behavior of the Universe on cosmological scales. Using the upper limit of the cosmological constant, the vacuum energy of free space has been estimated to be 10−9 joules (10−2 ergs), or ~5 GeV per cubic meter. However, in quantum electrodynamics, consistency with the principle of Lorentz covariance and with the magnitude of the Planck constant suggests a much larger value of 10113 joules per cubic meter. This huge discrepancy is known as the cosmological constant problem or, colloquially, the "vacuum catastrophe".

Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.

In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it "the jewel of physics" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.: Ch1  It is the most precise and stringently tested theory in physics.
Green Goddess
The Green Goddess is the colloquial name for the RLHZ Self Propelled Pump manufactured by Bedford Vehicles, a fire engine used originally by the Auxiliary Fire Service (AFS), and latterly held in reserve by the Home Office until 2004, and available when required to deal with exceptional events, including being operated by the British Armed Forces during firefighters' strikes (1977 and 2002). These green-painted vehicles were built between 1953 and 1956 for the AFS. The design was based on a Bedford RL series British military truck.

Firefighting apparatus
A firefighting apparatus (North American English) or firefighting appliance (UK English) is any vehicle that has been customized for use during firefighting operations. These vehicles are highly customized depending on their needs and the duty they will be performing. These duties can include firefighting, technical rescue, and emergency medical services.
Phrynos Painter
The Phrynos Painter was an Attic black-figure vase painter, active in Athens between c. 560 and 545 BC.
He was allocated the conventional name "Phrynos Painter" after the potter Phrynos, as he had painted three cups signed by the latter:

Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 03.855

London, British Museum 1867.5-8.962 (B 424)

Torgiano, Wine Museum A 15

The London cup is considered a masterpiece of the black-figure style. The Phrynos Painter belongs to the so-called Little masters; his paintings are very fine in detail and lively in style. Although a number of vases can be ascribed to him, his style is not yet fully understood.

Little Masters (Greek vase painting)
The Little masters were a group of potters and vase painters who produced vases of the Attic black-figure style featuring well-done figures in miniature. They were active in Athens approximately 560–530 BC. They mainly produced Little-master cups: lip cups, band cups, and droop cups, but were not entirely limited to such shapes. The group includes:
Lindley Swifts
Lindley Swifts are an amateur Rugby league club based in Lindley, West Yorkshire. Their home ground is Birchencliffe Cricket Club, in Birchencliffe, Huddersfield. The open age team currently play in Premier Division in the Pennine League.

BARLA Yorkshire Cup
The BARLA Yorkshire Cup is a knock-out rugby league competition for amateur teams in the traditional county of Yorkshire. It is administered by the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA). The winners of the most recent staging of the competition in 2019 are Lock Lane.

Between 1905 and 1993, a Yorkshire County Cup was competed for by the professional sides.
Zen 4
Zen 4 is the name for a CPU microarchitecture designed by AMD, released on September 27, 2022. It is the successor to Zen 3 and uses TSMC's N6 process for I/O dies, N5 process for CCDs, and N4 process for APUs.

Zen 4 powers Ryzen 7000 performance desktop processors (codenamed "Raphael"), Ryzen 8000G series mainstream desktop APUs (codenamed "Phoenix"), and Ryzen Threadripper 7000 series HEDT and workstation processors (codenamed "Storm Peak"). It is also used in extreme mobile processors (codenamed "Dragon Range"), thin & light mobile processors (codenamed "Phoenix" and "Hawk Point"), as well as EPYC 8004/9004 server processors (codenamed "Siena", "Genoa" and "Bergamo"). Zen 4 is the first microarchitecture whose chips (Ryzen 7000) use the AM5 motherboard socket.

Instructions per cycle
In computer architecture, instructions per cycle (IPC), commonly called instructions per clock, is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of instructions executed for each clock cycle.  It is the multiplicative inverse of cycles per instruction.
Pehlwani
Pehlwani, also known as Kushti, is a form of wrestling practiced in the Indian subcontinent. It was developed in the Mughal Empire by combining Persian Koshti pahlevani with influences from native Indian Malla-yuddha. The words pehlwani and kushti derive from the Persian terms pahlavani (heroic) and koshti (wrestling, lit. killing) respectively, meaning "heroic wrestling". A practitioner of this sport is referred to as a pehlwan (Persian  for hero) while teachers are known as ustad (Persian for teacher or master) or guru.

One of the most famous practitioners of Pehlwani was The Great Gama (Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt), who is considered one of the greatest wrestlers of all time. Other examples include Kodi Rammurthy Naidu and Brahmdev Mishra. Pehlwani is one of the sports that influenced catch wrestling, which in turn partially inspired folkstyle wrestling, freestyle wrestling, and mixed martial arts (MMA).

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
Cheating in bridge
Cheating in bridge refers to a deliberate violation of the rules of the game of bridge or other unethical behaviour that is intended to give an unfair advantage to a player or team. Cheating can occur in many forms and can take place before, during, or after a board or game.

Commonly cited instances of cheating include: conveying information to a partner by means of a pre-arranged illegal signal, viewing the opponents' cards in a board prior to their arrival at the table, altering the records as to the results of a board; in certain games, it may include illicit shuffling to deal favourable cards to oneself or one's partner or marking cards so as to make their denomination and/or rank apparent to the perpetrator.

Alan Truscott
Alan Fraser Truscott (16 April 1925 – 4 September 2005) was a British-American bridge player, writer, and editor. He wrote the daily bridge column for The New York Times for 41 years, from 1964 to 2005, and served as Executive Editor for the first six editions of The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge from 1964 to 2002.
Tezi Altarpiece
The Tezi Altarpiece (Italian: Pala Tezi)  is a painting   by the Italian  Renaissance painter   Pietro Perugino, housed in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria of Perugia, Italy.  The work was once associated to a single predella panel portraying the Last Supper (18 cm × 121 cm or 7.1 in × 47.6 in), now at the Gemäldegalerie of Berlin.

The painting was executed for the Tezi Chapel in the church of Sant'Agostino in Perugia. After that monastic institute was suppressed under the Napoleonic domination of Italy, it was acquired by the Umbrian Gallery.

Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
The Gemäldegalerie (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː], lit. 'Painting Gallery') is an art museum in Berlin, Germany, and the museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) is displayed.  It was first opened in 1830, and the current building was completed in 1998. It is located in the Kulturforum museum district west of Potsdamer Platz.

It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.  Its collection includes masterpieces from such artists as Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach, Hans Holbein, Rogier van der Weyden, Jan van Eyck, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, David Teniers the Younger, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds  and Antonio Viviani.
Chruścińskie
Chruścińskie [xruɕˈt͡ɕiɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiełczygłów, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Kiełczygłów, 6 km (4 mi) north of Pajęczno, and 72 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Kiełczygłów
Kiełczygłów [kʲɛu̯ˈt͡ʂɨɡwuf] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kiełczygłów. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Pajęczno and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Dipolydora commensalis
Dipolydora commensalis is a species of polychaete worm in the family Spionidae. It has a commensal relationship with a hermit crab and occurs on the lower shore of coasts on the western side of the Atlantic Ocean.

Spionidae
Spionidae is a family of marine worms within the Polychaeta. Spionids are selective deposit feeders that use their two grooved palps to locate prey. However, some spionids are capable of interface feeding, i.e. switching between deposit and suspension feeding.

Spionids produce tubes by cementing sand grains and detritus material with mucus produced by their glandular pouches. The Spionidae is one of the most studied polychaete families given their biological and commercial importance. Members of this family have been used in regeneration studies and some are capable of boring into calcareous substrate which has destructive implications for commercially important shellfish.
Clabby
Clabby (from Irish Clabaigh, meaning 'place of pock-marked land') is a small village in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Fivemiletown and 4 mi (6 km) north-east of Tempo, close to the County Tyrone boundary. The 2021 census recorded a population of 282. It is situated within Fermanagh and Omagh district.

Fermanagh and Omagh
Fermanagh and Omagh is a local government district that was created on 1 April 2015 by merging Fermanagh District and Omagh District. It covers most of the Southwest of Northern Ireland. The local authority is Fermanagh and Omagh District Council, which likewise replaced Fermanagh District Council and Omagh District Council.
Donald Wiseman
Donald John Wiseman OBE FBA FSA (25 October 1918 – 2 February 2010) was a biblical scholar, archaeologist and Assyriologist. He was Professor of Assyriology at the University of London from 1961 to 1982.

New International Version
The New International Version (NIV) is a translation of the Bible into contemporary English. Published by Biblica, the complete NIV was released on October 27, 1978, with a minor revision in 1984 and a major revision in 2011. The NIV relies on recently published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts.

Biblica claims that "the NIV delivers the very best combination of accuracy and readability." Over 450 million printed copies of the translation had been distributed as of March 2013, and over 500 million as of March 2023. The NIV is the best-selling translation in the United States.
Coat of arms of Bellingwedde
The coat of arms of Bellingwedde is an official symbol of the municipality of Bellingwedde in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. It was officially adopted in 1969. The coat of arms consists of a crowned shield with blue, gold, and silver elements, which refer to the abbey Palmar and the Wedderborg. From 2018, the coat of arms is no longer in use as a municipal coat of arms because the municipality of Bellingwedde merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde.

Westerwolde (municipality)
Westerwolde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛstərˈʋɔldə]; Gronings: Westerwoolde) is a municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

The municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde have merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde on 1 January 2018. The municipality continues to use both municipal halls in Sellingen and Wedde.
2021 Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The 2021 Trofeo Faip–Perrel was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bergamo, Italy between 1 and 7 November 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Lush (band)
Lush were an English rock band formed in London in 1987. The original line-up consisted of Miki Berenyi (vocals, guitar), Emma Anderson (vocals, guitar), Steve Rippon (bass guitar) and Chris Acland (drums). Phil King replaced Rippon in 1991. They were one of the first bands to have been described with the "shoegazing" label. Following the death of Acland, the group disbanded in 1996.

The group reunited for a short time between 2015 and 2016 with Berenyi, Anderson, King and Justin Welch. They toured and recorded an EP of new material.

Wire (band)
Wire are a British rock band, formed in London in October 1976 by Colin Newman (vocals, guitar), Graham Lewis (bass, vocals), Bruce Gilbert (guitar), George Gill (lead guitar) and Robert Grey (aka Robert Gotobed; drums). They were originally associated with the punk rock scene, appearing on The Roxy London WC2 album, and were instrumental to the development of post-punk, while their debut album, Pink Flag, was influential for hardcore punk.

Wire are considered a definitive and highly influential art punk and post-punk band, due to their richly detailed and atmospheric sound and obscure lyrical themes. They steadily developed from an early noise rock style to a more complex, structured sound involving increased use of guitar effects and synthesizers (1978's Chairs Missing and 1979's 154). The band gained a reputation for experimenting with song arrangements throughout their career.
Dewar (crater)
Dewar is a lunar impact crater that lies on the Moon's far side. Less than one crater diameter to the south-southwest is the crater Stratton. Vening Meinesz is a little over one crater diameter to the northwest. The slightly worn rim of this crater is roughly circular, with a small outward protrusion along the southern edge. The interior floor is marked by several small impacts along the eastern side.

The crater was named after British chemist James Dewar by the IAU in 1970.

Dewar lies on the south side of an anomalously low albedo area of terrain (dark patch) on the far side of the Moon. The low-albedo area is also a geochemical anomaly, and is high in iron oxide and titanium dioxide. It has been interpreted as a cryptomare.

Ewen Whitaker
Ewen Adair Whitaker (22 June 1922 – 11 October 2016) was a British-born astronomer known for his work in selenography and lunar cartography. Together with Gerard Kuiper, Whitaker founded the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona. He co-authored multiple moon atlases, and helped NASA to select a landing site for Apollo 12 and several Surveyor and Ranger missions.
South Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania
South Mahoning Township is a township that is located in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,841 at the time of the 2020 census. Historic communities in the township include Ambrose, Denton, Elkin, Frantz, McCormick, Rossmoyne and Wells.

The township surrounds Plumville, a separately incorporated borough.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Christian Medical College, Ludhiana
Christian Medical College Ludhiana, widely known as CMC Ludhiana, is a private, Christian minority-run teaching hospital and medical school in Ludhiana, India.

Founded in 1894, it was then the first medical school for women in Asia. In 1994, the world's first total face replant surgery was performed in the medical college by Abraham Thomas. First surgical research hub of India is also set up in the medical college in 2019 by National Institute for Health and Care Research. CMC Ludhiana became the first educational institution to launch telemedicine consultation with the Cleveland Clinic in 2020. The college is also the first World Health Organization designated Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for stroke in the world.

Affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Faridkot, it offers degrees in all major postgraduate and doctoral services along with various graduate courses in medical, dental, nursing and allied health sciences.

Microsurgery
Microsurgery is a general term for surgery requiring an operating microscope. The most obvious developments have been procedures developed to allow anastomosis of successively smaller blood vessels and nerves (typically 1 mm in diameter) which have allowed transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another and re-attachment of severed parts. Microsurgical techniques are utilized by several specialties today, such as general surgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, gynecological surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontic microsurgery, plastic surgery, podiatric surgery  and pediatric surgery.
Teunis
Teunis is a Dutch masculine given name. Like Theunis, it is a derivative of Antonius (Anthony). It is also considered a diminutive form of Antonius, Anton, Antoon, Anthonis, Anthoon, Antonie, and Antonis used in Belgium, Netherlands, Suriname, South Africa, Namibia, and Indonesia.  Its popularity as a birth name has dropped since the middle of the last century, taken over partially by its short form Teun. People with the name include:

Teunis G. Bergen (1806–1881), United States Representative from New York.

Teunis Horstman (1927–2014), Dutch Old Catholic bishop

Teunis Jacob (1927–2009), Dutch wall painter and sculptor

Teunis Kloek (born 1934), Dutch economist

Teunis van der Linden (1884–1965), Dutch chemist

Teunis Mulder (born 1955), Dutch-born Australian politician

Teunis Mulder (born 1981), Dutch track cyclist

Teunis Sprong (1889–1971), Dutch long-distance runner

Teunis Zaaijer (1837–1902), Dutch physician

Antonie (given name)
Antonie is a given name with several origins and uses.

In the Dutch language, it is a masculine name derived from Antonius. It is used in areas where Dutch and Afrikaans are spoken.

In Czech, Danish, German, Norwegian, and Swedish, it is a feminine name cognate to Antonia.

In Romanian, it is a masculine name.

Notable persons with the name include:
2002–03 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey season
The 2002–03 Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey season was the 82nd season of play for the program and 44th in the WCHA. The Golden Gophers represented the University of Minnesota, played their home games at the Mariucci Arena and were coached by Don Lucia, in his 4th season.

Don Lucia
Don Lucia (born August 20, 1958) is an American former ice hockey head coach, who was named as inaugural commissioner of the second Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) on June 17, 2020. The CCHA, which began play in the 2021–22 season, is a revival of an NCAA Division I men's hockey conference whose original version operated from 1971 to 2013 before folding in the wake of massive conference realignment in the sport.
2022 Council of the District of Columbia election
On November 8, 2022, a general election was held for the Council of the District of Columbia. Elections were held in four ward districts as well as for chairperson of the council and two at-large seats. Democrats remained in control of the council, electing six out of the seven positions that were on the ballot. Independent Kenyan McDuffin, formerly the Democratic councilperson for Ward 5, was also elected.

District of Columbia State Board of Education
The District of Columbia State Board of Education (SBOE) is an independent executive branch agency of the Government of the District of Columbia, in the United States. The SBOE provides advocacy and policy guidance for the District of Columbia Public Schools, and works with the Chancellor of the District of Columbia Public Schools and the District of Columbia State Superintendent of Education. Charter schools are overseen by the District of Columbia Public Charter School Board.
Chopper Hunt
Chopper Hunt is a side-view shoot 'em up written by Tom Hudson and published by Imagic in 1984 for Atari 8-bit computers and Commodore 64. It was one of the last games from Imagic before the company went out of business. Chopper Hunt is an enhanced version of the Atari 8-bit game Buried Bucks released by ANALOG Software in 1982. In both games, the player uses a helicopter to shoot holes in the ground and unearth money and other items while an airplane drops dirt to repair the terrain. Contemporaneous reviews cited the original concept, but overall the gameplay was considered repetitive.

Imagic
Imagic (/ɪˈmædʒɪk/ i-MA-jik) was an American video game developer and publisher that created games initially for the Atari 2600. Founded in 1981 by corporate alumni of Atari, Inc. and Mattel, its best-selling titles were Atlantis, Cosmic Ark, and Demon Attack. Imagic also released games for Intellivision, ColecoVision, Atari 8-bit computers, TI-99/4A, IBM PCjr, VIC-20, Commodore 64, TRS-80 Color Computer, and Magnavox Odyssey². Their Odyssey² ports of Demon Attack and Atlantis were the only third-party releases for that system in America. The company never recovered from the video game crash of 1983 and was liquidated in 1986.