hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight
A Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight is the collective name for Henry Williamson's 15 novel series. First published between 1951 and 1969, the series follows the life of Phillip Maddison through the first half of the 20th century. Providing a social history for the time period 1893 to 1947 (including both World Wars), the series is partially inspired by Henry Williamson's own life. The 15 books total over 3 million words, just over 6,000 pages, and is considered one of the longest single works written in the English language.

Lynmouth Flood
The Lynmouth Flood occurred on the night of 15–16 August 1952, principally affecting the village of Lynmouth, in North Devon. A storm with heavy rainfall, combined with already saturated soil and flood debris, led to the flooding of the village and a total loss of 34 lives.
Levy Island
Levy Island is an isolated snow-covered island in Crystal Sound, Antarctica, about 14 km (7.5 nmi) east of Gagge Point, Lavoisier Island. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947–48) and surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (1958–59). The island was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Henri A. Levy, an American physical chemist who, with S.W. Peterson, determined the location of the hydrogen atoms in ice by neutron diffraction, in 1957.

Lavoisier Island
Lavoisier Island is an island 29 km (18 mi) long and 8 km (5 mi) wide, lying between Rabot and Watkins Islands in the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. It is separated from Renaud Island and Rabot Island to the northeast by Pendleton Strait, from Watkins Island to the southwest by Lewis Sound, and from Krogh Island to the west-southwest by Vladigerov Passage.

Lavoisier Island is named Isla Serrano by Chile and isla Mitre by Argentina.

The island was first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named "Ile Nansen" after Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian Arctic explorer. To avoid confusion with Nansen Island (q.v.) in Wilhelmina Bay, the UK-APC recommended in 1960 that the island be renamed for Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, French chemist who pioneered the study of metabolism.
Simon Muzenda
Simon Vengai Muzenda (28 October 1922 – 20 September 2003) was a Zimbabwean politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987 and as Vice-President of Zimbabwe from 1987 to 2003 under President Robert Mugabe.

Vice-President of Zimbabwe
The vice-president of Zimbabwe is the second highest political position obtainable in Zimbabwe. Between 1987 and 1990, there was a provision for only one vice-president; since 1990 there is a provision for two. The vice-presidents are appointed by the president of Zimbabwe, and are designated as "First" and "Second" in the Constitution of Zimbabwe; the designation reflects their position in the presidential order of succession.

Under the ruling ZANU–PF party, the vice-presidential post ranked first in the order of succession has traditionally been reserved for a representative of the party's historical ZANU wing (mainly ethnic Shona), while the other vice-presidential post has gone to a representative of the party's historical ZAPU wing (mainly ethnic Northern Ndebele).
2025 Richmond Spiders football team
The 2025 Richmond Spiders football team represented University of Richmond as a member of the Patriot League during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Spiders were led by ninth-year head coach Russ Huesman and played at the E. Claiborne Robins Stadium in Richmond, Virginia.

E. Claiborne Robins Stadium
E. Claiborne Robins Stadium is an 8,217-seat stadium at the University of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia. It is home to the Richmond Spiders football, men's and women's lacrosse, and women's track and field teams.

The men's soccer team played there until 2012, when the university discontinued the program.
John S. Morgan
John S. Morgan was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 13B, which covered portions of Prince George's County & Howard County Maryland.  Along with fellow Republican Martin G. Madden, he helped unseat incumbent Democrat William C. Bevan from office.  In 1998, he was defeated by Democrat John A. Giannetti Jr.  It was the second time he had faced Giannetti in the general election, the first time being in 1994 when he handily defeated him.

Morgan also ran for United States Congress in 1996 against incumbent Steny Hoyer, but was defeated by 14 percentage points.

John A. Giannetti Jr.
John A. Giannetti Jr. (born June 9, 1964) is an American politician and former attorney from Maryland. As a Democrat, Giannetti was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1998 for District 13B and served from 1999 to 2003. In 2002 he was elected to the State Senate for District 21, which covers parts of Anne Arundel County and Prince George's County.  He was defeated in the 2006 Democratic primary and general elections by former member of the Maryland House of Delegates and U.S. Ambassador to Romania James Rosapepe.

As a legislator, Giannetti was the primary sponsor of more than 50 bills that became law, many focusing on changes to business law, juvenile law, and criminal law statutes.

In February 2006, Giannetti rescued his political rival from choking using the Heimlich maneuver. The incident was reported nationally and received mention on national network morning news programs and by late-night comedians.
NGC 905
NGC 905 is a lenticular galaxy with an active nucleus in the constellation Cetus south. It is estimated to be 644 million light-years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 85,000 ly. NGC 905 was discovered by astronomer Francis Leavenworth.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Super Sherman
The Sherman M-50 and the Sherman M-51, both often referred to abroad as the Super Sherman, were modified versions of the American M4 Sherman tank that served with the Israel Defense Forces from the mid-1950s to early 1980s. The M-51 was also referred to as the Isherman (i.e. Israeli Sherman). However, the nicknames "Super Sherman" and "Isherman" were never officially used by the Israeli Defense Forces.

Vertical volute spring suspension
The vertical volute spring suspension system is a type of vehicle suspension system which uses volute springs to compensate for surface irregularities. This type of the suspension system was mainly fitted on US and Italian tanks and armored fighting vehicles starting from throughout the 1930s up until after the end of the Second World War in 1945.
2012 Bitburger Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2012 Bitburger Open Grand Prix Gold was the thirtieth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2012 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Saarlandhalle, Saarbrücken, Germany October 30 until November 4, 2012, and had a total purse of $120,000.

Hylo Open
The Hylo Open, formerly known as the BMW Badminton Cup, BMW Open International, Bitburger Masters, Bitburger Open and SaarLorLux Open, is an international badminton tournament held at the Saarlandhalle in Saarbrücken, Germany, since 1988. It was sponsored by the German automobile company BMW and German pilsner beer brewery Bitburger; since 2021, it is sponsored by Saarbrücken-based eye lubrication company Hylo.

In 2018, this event was selected as part of the BWF Tour Super 100. In 2021, the tournament was upgraded to Super 500 category tournament and was renamed the Hylo Open, before being downgraded to Super 300 the next year. On 31 March 2025, the tournament was elevated back to Super 500 status for the 2025 and 2026 seasons following the Canada Open's demotion to Super 300 level.
National Intelligence Coordination Committee (Pakistan)
The National Intelligence Coordination Committee (NICC) of Pakistan is headed by the Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence. The overarching intelligence coordination body was given assent by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan in November 2020. It held its inaugural session on June 24, 2021, marking the date the committee became functional.

Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
10. Khwaja Masrur Husain, 1979 - 1985

The Intelligence Bureau (Urdu: انٹیلی جنس بیورو) is Pakistan’s premier civilian domestic intelligence agency, operating under the administrative control of the Prime Minister’s Office. It is primarily responsible for collecting, analysing, and disseminating intelligence related to internal security, counter-terrorism, counter-espionage, and economic threats. Established in 1947 following Pakistan’s independence, IB traces its institutional origins to the colonial era Thuggee and Dacoity Department founded in 1830 under British rule. Over the decades, IB has evolved into a key component of Pakistan’s national security architecture, tasked with safeguarding sensitive government institutions, monitoring subversive and extremist activities, and supporting law enforcement agencies in maintaining internal stability. In 2024, the organization was elevated to the status of a Division, marking a significant milestone in its development.
European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's balance beam
The balance beam event at the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was first held in 1957.

Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.

Cătălina Ponor, with five golds and one bronze, holds the records for most gold medals and most total medals in this event.

European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The European Women's Gymnastics Championships are an artistic  championships for female gymnasts from European countries organised by the European Union of Gymnastics. They are held annually, though rotate between two different formats.
A Woman's Life (film)
A Woman's Life (French: Une vie) is a 2016 French-Belgian drama film directed by Stéphane Brizé. It is based on the Guy de Maupassant's novel Une vie about a sensitive woman forced to face the harshness of the world.

It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival where it won the FIPRESCI Prize for Best Film in competition. It was awarded the Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film in 2016.

The film is described as "the delicate story of a life of candid emotions and searing disappointments", which presents the novel "in a series of bright flashbacks and gloomy flashforwards". Using a hand-held camera, Brizé frames "the heroine, played by a magnificent Judith Chemla... in 4:3 format (also known as 1.33:1), imprisoning her in a tormented existence".

Louis Delluc Prize
The Louis Delluc Prize (French: Prix Louis-Delluc [pʁi lwi dɛlyk]) is a French film award presented annually since 1937. The award is bestowed to the Best Film and Best First Film of the year on the second week of each December. The jury is composed of 20 members, consisting of a group of film critics and figures who are culturally significant. Gilles Jacob is the president. The meeting is at le Fouquet's restaurant  in Champs-Élysées.

The award was created in 1937 in view of the decision of the Académie française to award its Grand Prix du Cinema to films that were created by French filmmakers. Twenty-four film critics including Maurice Bessy and Marcel Idzkowski established the prize to honor Louis Delluc (1890–1924), the first French journalist to specialize in cinema and founder of the ciné-clubs. It is nicknamed the "Goncourt of cinema".
Whitechapel, Bishops Nympton
Whitechapel is an ancient former manor within the parish of Bishops Nympton, in north Devon. It was the earliest known residence of the locally influential Bassett family until 1603. The core of the present manor house is late 16th or early 17th century, with later additions and alterations, and was classed as Grade I listed on 9 June 1952.

Tristram Risdon
Tristram Risdon (c. 1580 – 1640) was an English antiquarian and topographer, and the author of Survey of the County of Devon. He was able to devote most of his life to writing this work. After he completed it in about 1632 it circulated around interested people in several manuscript copies for almost 80 years before it was first published by Edmund Curll in a very inferior form. A full version was not published until 1811. Risdon also collected information about genealogy and heraldry in a note-book; this was edited and published in 1897.
Djupvatnet
Djupvatnet is a lake in extreme southeastern Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 2-square-kilometre (0.77 sq mi) lake lies at 1,016 metres (3,333 ft) above sea level. The lake is part of the headwaters of the Otta river system which flows southeast into the lake Breiddalsvatnet and on into Innlandet county.

Norwegian County Road 63 follows the northern shore of the lake. The tourist village of Geiranger and the Geirangerfjorden are located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the north of the lake. The mountain Dalsnibba is located immediately northwest of the lake, and there is a road leading to the top that begins on the northwest side of the lake.

Geirangerfjord
Geirangerfjorden (Norwegian) or Geiranger Fjord (English) is a fjord in the Sunnmøre region of Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located entirely in Stranda Municipality. It is a 15-kilometre-long (9+1⁄2 mi) branch off the Sunnylvsfjorden, which itself is a branch off the Storfjorden (lit. 'Great Fjord'). The small village of Geiranger is located at the end of the fjord where the Geirangelva river empties into it.
Daicon Film's Return of Ultraman
Daicon Film's Return of Ultraman (DAICONFILM版 帰ってきたウルトラマン, DAICON FILM-ban Kaettekita Ultraman; lit. 'Daicon Film's version of Return of Ultraman') is a 1983 Japanese superhero kaiju parody fan film directed by Hideaki Anno. The film is a sequel to two previous Ultraman fan films produced by Anno; in the latter of those two, Ultraman leaves Earth, and this film's title refers to Ultraman's return after the events of the previous film.

Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book, book, or video game created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. It is a form of fan fiction. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in quality, as well as in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to full-length motion pictures. Fan films are also examples of fan labor and the remix culture. Closely related concepts are fandubs, fansubs and vidding which are reworks of fans on already released film material.
Walter John Raymond
Walter John Raymond (February 24, 1930 – October 14, 2007) was an American publisher, professor of political science, and chairman of Saint Paul's College's Department of Social Sciences until he retired in 1986. He was part of the Polish underground and received the Partisan Cross from the Polish Armed Forces.

Saint Paul's College (Virginia)
Saint Paul's College was a private historically black college in Lawrenceville, Virginia. Saint Paul's College opened on September 24, 1888, originally training students as teachers and for agricultural and industrial jobs.

By the late 20th century, Saint Paul's College offered undergraduate degrees for traditional college students and distant learning students in the Continuing Studies Program. The college also offered adult education to help assist working adults to gain undergraduate degrees. Saint Paul's College had a Single Parent Support System Program that assisted single teen parents pursuing a college education.

The college had long struggled with significant financial difficulties, culminating in a court conflict in 2012 with its regional accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Throughout the 2012–2013 school year, the college sought to merge with another institution, but on June 3, 2013, the board announced the college would close on June 30, 2013.
John H. Fraine
John H. Fraine (September 7, 1861 – May 15, 1943) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the tenth lieutenant governor of North Dakota under Governor L. B. Hanna. Fraine also served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1909 to 1915, and as speaker of the house from 1913 to 1915.

Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota
The lieutenant governor of North Dakota is a political office in North Dakota. The lieutenant governor's duty is to preside as President of the Senate, and is responsible for legislative relations, the state budget and agribusiness development. In the event the office of the governor becomes vacant, the lieutenant governor assumes that office and appoints a replacement lieutenant.

The current lieutenant governor is Michelle Strinden.

Before 1974, the lieutenant governor of North Dakota was elected separately from the governor. To avoid hostile relations between a lieutenant governor and governor from different parties, the process was changed to where the governor and lieutenant governor are elected together on a joint ballot and are of the same party.
Religion in the Dominican Republic
Christianity is the most widely professed religion in the Dominican Republic. Historically, Catholicism dominated the religious practices of the country, and as the official religion of the state it receives financial support from the government. About 60% of Dominicans identify themselves as Catholic.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Dominican Republic
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Dominican Republic refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Dominican Republic. The LDS Church has had a presence in the Dominican Republic since 1978. With 153,000 members in 202 congregations, Dominican Republic has the largest body of LDS Church members in the Caribbean. It also has the highest members per capita rate in the Caribbean.
Maryfield, Saskatchewan
Maryfield (2016 population: 348) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Maryfield No. 91 and Census Division No. 1. The village lies south of the intersection of Highway 48 and Highway 600 and is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the Manitoba border. It is a junction point on the Canadian National Railway between the main line heading northwest towards Regina and a branch line heading southwest toward Carlyle and Lampman.

Lampman
Lampman is a town of 673 people in the south-east part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, roughly 30 miles north-east of Estevan.

To the north-west of Lampman, is Lake Roy, which is a shallow lake that often floods into town. Lampman's water supply is obtained from two deep wells that go through a water treatment system.
Eleanor of Alburquerque
Eleanor of Alburquerque (1374 – 16 December 1435) was a Castilian noblewoman, Countess of Alburquerque, who became Queen of Aragon by her marriage to Ferdinand I of Aragon.  She was the regent of Aragon during the absence of her son the king in 1420.

John I of Castile
John I (Spanish: Juan I; 24 August 1358 – 9 October 1390) was King of Castile and León from 1379 until 1390. He was the son of Henry II and Juana Manuel of Castile. John ascended to the throne in 1379, and in 1383, he married Beatrice, the daughter of King Ferdinand I of Portugal. When Ferdinand died that same year, John, aiming to enforce his claim on the Portuguese crown through his wife, brought the country into the 1383–1385 Crisis. His forces faced resistance from Portuguese factions supporting John of Aviz. The conflict culminated in the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385, where John suffered a defeat, ensuring Portugal's independence.

To secure Castile, he married his son Henry to the daughter of John of Gaunt, linking the Trastámara and Plantagenet dynasties. He died in 1390 when he fell from his horse during a fantasia performance. His death led to minority rule under his son, Henry III.
Custer Wolf
The Custer Wolf was a North American gray wolf who was held responsible for extensive damage to ranchers' livestock in the area surrounding Custer, South Dakota, between 1911 and 1920, with the damage estimated at $25,000. The wolf was shot by a hunter employed by the federal government, who tracked the wolf for months and killed him after the wolf had triggered a trap.

Surplus killing
Surplus killing, also known as excessive killing, henhouse syndrome, or overkill, is a common behavior exhibited by predators, in which they kill more prey than they can immediately eat and then they either cache or abandon the remainder. The term was invented by Dutch biologist Hans Kruuk after studying spotted hyenas in Africa and red foxes in England.
2015 Grand Prix Hassan II
The 2015 Grand Prix Hassan II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 31st edition of the tournament and part of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place in Casablanca, Morocco between 6 and 12 April 2015.

Grand Prix Hassan II
The Grand Prix Hassan II is an annual men's tennis tournament on the ATP Tour and is currently part of the ATP Tour 250 series. The event is played on clay courts and was held annually at the Complexe Al Amal in Casablanca, Morocco through 2015, before relocating to Marrakesh in 2016. Between 1984 and 1989 it was part of the Challenger Series.  It is currently the only ATP event held in Africa. The tournament is usually held in April though it has been held in March before and is a lead up tournament for the French Open.
Klee's measure problem
In computational geometry, Klee's measure problem is the problem of determining how efficiently the measure of a union of (multidimensional) rectangular ranges can be computed. Here, a d-dimensional rectangular range is defined to be a Cartesian product of d intervals of real numbers, which is a subset of Rd.

The problem is named after Victor Klee, who gave an algorithm for computing the length of a union of intervals (the case d = 1) which was later shown to be optimally efficient in the sense of computational complexity theory. The computational complexity of computing the area of a union of 2-dimensional rectangular ranges is now also known, but the case d ≥ 3 remains an open problem.

Jan van Leeuwen
Jan van Leeuwen (born 17 December 1946 in Waddinxveen) is a Dutch computer scientist and emeritus professor of computer science at the Department of Information and Computing Sciences at Utrecht University.
Petar Popović (chess player)
Petar Popović (born February 14, 1959) is a Serbian chess Grandmaster. FIDE awarded him the International Master title in 1977, and the Grandmaster title in 1981. His tournament results have included 1st at Pécs 1980, 1st at Novi Sad 1981, 2nd at Novi Sad 1984, 1st at Bor 1985, 2nd at Cannes 1986, 1st at Pucarevo 1987 and 4th at Belgrade 1987. He played on the Yugoslav Olympiad teams in 1986 and 1988. He drew a match with former Women's World Champion Maia Chiburdanidze (+1−1=6) in 1986.

He lives in Brussels.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.