hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eaton Hall Railway
The Eaton Hall Railway was an early 15 in (381 mm) gauge minimum-gauge estate railway built in 1896 at Eaton Hall in Cheshire. The line, which connected the Grosvenor estate with sidings at Balderton on the GWR Shrewsbury to Chester Line about 3 miles (4.8 km) away, opened in 1896. It was built for the Duke of Westminster  by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood, who had pioneered the use of 15 in (381 mm) gauge with his Duffield Bank Railway at his house at Duffield, Derbyshire in 1874.

The narrow-gauge railway, which had about four and a half miles (7.2 km), was used mainly to bring deliveries of fuel to Eaton Hall. It had a branch to the estate brickworks at Cuckoo's Nest, Pulford. Other supplies were also transported to the main house and it sometimes carried passengers. The line closed in 1946 and was removed a year later. In 1994 a 15 in (381 mm) garden railway was installed at Eaton Hall; it is open when the estate is open to the public.

Minimum-gauge railway
Minimum-gauge railways are railways with track gauges smaller than those of narrow-gauge railways, primarily designed for light, industrial, or tourist transportation. The most common gauges for minimum-gauge railways include:

15 in (381 mm)

400 mm (15+3⁄4 in)

16 in (406 mm)

18 in (457 mm)

19 in (483 mm)

500 mm (19+3⁄4 in)

20 in (508 mm)

These railways have been developed for applications such as estate transport, mining, agriculture, and amusement parks, offering an economical and adaptable solution for restricted environments.
Moshe Sherer
Rabbi Moshe Sherer (June 18, 1921 – May 17, 1998) was co-Chairman of the Agudath Israel World Organization from 1980, and the Chairman of Agudath Israel of America from the 1960s, until his death in 1998.

World Agudath Israel
World Agudath Israel (Hebrew: אגודת ישראל), usually known as the Aguda, was established in the early twentieth century as the political arm of Ashkenazi Torah Judaism. It succeeded Agudath Shlomei Emunei Yisroel (Union of Faithful Jewry) in 1912. Its base of support was located in Eastern Europe before the Second World War but, due to the revival of the Hasidic movement, it included Orthodox Jews throughout Europe. Prior to World War II and the Holocaust, Agudath Israel operated a number of Jewish educational institutions throughout Europe. After the war, it has continued to operate such institutions in the United States as Agudath Israel of America, and in Israel. Agudath Israel is guided by its Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Council of Sages) in Israel and the US.
World Book Day (UK and Ireland)
World Book Day (Irish: Lá Domhanda na Leabhar) is a charity event held annually in the United Kingdom and Ireland on the first Thursday in March. On World Book Day, every child in full-time education in the UK and Ireland is provided with a voucher to be spent on books; the event was first celebrated in the United Kingdom in 1998.

The event is the local manifestation of the original, global World Book Day organized by UNESCO to promote reading, publishing, and copyright, and widely observed on 23 April. Organizers in the UK moved the observance to avoid clashes with Easter school holidays and with Saint George's Day. Book publishers in Ireland decided to bring World Book Day to Ireland a number of years later.

Conversely, the World Book Night event organized by independent charity The Reading Agency is held on 23 April.

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Abderrahmane Benkhalfa
Abderrahmane Benkhalfa (Arabic: عبد الرحمان بن خالفة, July 2, 1949 – April 23, 2021) was an Algerian financial expert. He was general delegate for the Algerian Association of Banks and Financial Institutions, and director of the Bank of Algeria. He was Algerian Minister of Finance. He was also a member of the Finance and Credit Council at the Bank of Algeria. He was described as being pro-private-sector.

Bank of Algeria
The Bank of Algeria (Arabic: بنك الجزائر, French: Banque d'Algérie) is the central bank of Algeria. The bank is located in Algiers and its current governor is Salah Eddine Taleb. It was established following Algerian independence in 1962 by Seghir Mostefai, expert for the "Exécutif provisoire" and member of the Algerian delegation at Evian negotiations, to take over the former activities in the country of the Banque de l'Algérie, the colonial central bank of French Algeria.
Tolley, North Dakota
Tolley is a city in Renville County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 41 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Tolley was founded by Eli Crane Tolley in 1905.

Minot, North Dakota
Minot (/ˈmaɪnɒt/ ⓘ MY-not) is a city in and the county seat of Ward County, North Dakota, United States. With a population of 48,377 at the 2020 census, Minot is the state's fourth-most populous city. The Minot metropolitan area in north-central North Dakota covers McHenry, Renville, and Ward counties and had a combined population of 77,546 at the 2020 census.

Minot was founded in 1886 during the construction of James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway. Minot is also known as "Magic City", commemorating its remarkable growth in size over a short time. It is a trading center for a large part of northern North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba, and southeastern Saskatchewan. It is most widely known for the Minot Air Force Base, approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the city.
Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Lefoulon-Delalande
The Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Lefoulon-Delalande (Scientific Grand Prize of the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation) is an award conferred annually by the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation at the Institut de France. It is awarded in the areas of medical science, particularly cardiovascular science. Each year the prize has a different theme. The award has a €600,000 prize.

Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.
Gwinear–Gwithian
Gwinear–Gwithian (Cornish: Pluw Wynnyer ha Godhyan) is a coastal civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.  It includes the villages of Connor Downs, Gwinear, Gwithian, Reawla and Rosewarne. The parish is situated approximately two miles (3 km) east of Hayle two miles (3 km) west of Camborne.

For the purposes of local government Gwinear–Gwithian has a parish council and elects councillors every four years.  The principal local authority is Cornwall Council. The population of the parish was 3032 in the 2001 census. This included Fraddam and increased to 3,261 at the 2011 census.  An electoral ward also exists with St. Erth added to the name. The population here in 2011 was 4,642.

St Erth
St Erth (Cornish: Lannudhno) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

St Erth takes its name from Saint Erc, one of the many Irish saints who brought Christianity to Cornwall during the Dark Ages, and is at the old crossing point of the River Hayle. The Cornish name of the place derives from St Uthinoch of whom little is known. The church of St Erth dates from the 15th-century, though an older church is said to have once stood on St Erth Hill overlooking the village.

The St Erth railway station is 0.75 miles from the village, at Rose-an-Grouse, and is on the Cornish Main Line from London Paddington to Penzance. It is also the junction for scenic St Ives Bay Line.
Dean Creek (San Mateo County)
Dean Creek is a creek in San Mateo County, California. It flows west from the foothills of Montara Mountain until it reaches Sunshine Valley Road, which it then follows. It continues from the end of Sunshine Valley Road, cutting through the street grid of Moss Beach to its mouth near the mouth of San Vicente Creek. The Sunshine Valley/Dean Creek watershed is approximately 360 acres.

San Vicente Creek (San Mateo County)
San Vicente Creek (Spanish for "St. Vincent") is a 3.9-mile-long (6.3 km) coastal stream in northern California which flows entirely within San Mateo County and discharges to the Pacific Ocean.  Its waters rise on the west-facing slopes of the Montara Mountain, and its mouth is at the unincorporated community of Moss Beach, within the Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.  Historically there was a tidal marsh at its mouth, but some of this reach has been degraded by fill, especially in the construction of West Point Drive.  This westernmost reach of the creek has been especially ecologically productive, and part of the reason for Fitzgerald Marine Reserve's designation on August 5, 1969, as a state reserve and was named after James V. Fitzgerald.
Kurgan stelae
Kurgan stelae  or balbals (Kyrgyz: балбал [bɑlbɑl]; from Turkic word balbal meaning "ancestor" or "grandfather") are anthropomorphic stone stelae, images cut from stone, installed atop, within or around kurgans (i.e. tumuli), in kurgan cemeteries, or in a double line extending from a kurgan. The stelae are also described as "obelisks" or "statue menhirs".

Spanning more than three millennia, they are clearly the product of multiple different cultures. The earliest are associated with the Pit Grave culture of the Pontic–Caspian steppe (and therefore with the Proto-Indo-Europeans according to the mainstream Kurgan hypothesis). The Iron Age specimens are identified with the Scythians and medieval examples with Turkic peoples.

Such stelae are found in large numbers in Southern Russia, Ukraine, Prussia, southern Siberia, Central Asia, Turkey, and Mongolia.

Lev Gumilev
Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev (also Gumilyov; Russian: Лев Никола́евич Гумилёв; 1 October [O.S. 18 September] 1912 – 15 June 1992) was a Soviet and Russian historian, ethnologist, anthropologist and translator. He had a reputation for his highly unorthodox theories of ethnogenesis and historiosophy. He was an exponent of Eurasianism.
1939 in Soviet football
The 1939 Soviet football championship was the 9th seasons of competitive football in the Soviet Union and the 5th among teams of sports societies and factories. FC Spartak Moscow won the championship becoming the winner of Group A for the third time.

The defending champions Spartak Moscow, while struggling in the first half of season, they made a great run in the second half and successfully defended their domestic title.

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Зенит», romanized: Futbolny klub "Zenit", pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklub zʲɪˈnʲit]), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. They won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 and the 2023–24 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team plays its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.
Equestrian at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Team jumping
The team jumping event, part of the equestrian program at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held on 28 September 2000 at the Sydney International Equestrian Centre 45 miles outside of Sydney, Australia. The results of the second and third round of the individual jumping were used to award rankings.  Like all other equestrian events, the competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division.  Fourteen teams, each consisting of four horse and rider pairs, entered the contest.

Equestrian events at the 2000 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney included dressage, eventing, and show jumping. All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions. This was the first time equestrian events were held in Australia, as the 1956 events were held in Stockholm, Sweden due to quarantine regulations in the country to restrict imported horses to Australia at the time.
Rovelstad
Rovelstad is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Tommy Rovelstad (born 1972), Norwegian sledge hockey player

Trygve Rovelstad (1903–1990), American sculptor and medal designer

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
CD Cala d'Or
Club Deportivo Cala d'Or is a Spanish football team based in Cala d'Or, Santanyí, in the autonomous community of Balearic Islands. Founded in 1982, it plays in Primera Regional – Mallorca – Group A, holding home matches at Estadio Municipal de Cala d'Or, with a capacity of 2,000 seats.

Santanyí
Santanyí (Catalan pronunciation: [səntəˈɲi]) is a municipality on the Spanish island of Mallorca, one of the Balearic Islands, situated in the westernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea.

This municipality in the southeast of Mallorca is home to the towns of Santanyí, Calonge, s'Alqueria Blanca and es Llombards, as well as Cala d'Or, Portopetro, Cap d'es Moro, Cala Figuera, Cala Santanyí, Cala Llombards and Cala de s'Almunia. The municipality encompasses a variety of beaches popular for their scenery. The coast covered by the municipality extends around 35 km (21.8 mi) along the southeast coast of the island. It also holds 172 archaeological sites, evidence of the existence of a productive agriculture and farming tradition since at least the Talaiotic period.

Santanyí is also home to a protected natural area known as the Mondragó Natural Parc.
Quilombhoje
Quilombhoje is a literary group of Afro-Brazilian writers formed in the early 1980s. The word "Quilombhoje" is a portmanteau of the Portuguese words quilombo (a settlement of runaway slaves) and hoje (today). It was part of a greater black identity movement internationally ubiquitous in the 20th century. Since its founding, Quilombhoje has hosted many literary and cultural activities which promote awareness of, and pride in, Afro-Brazilian heritage.

Afro-Brazilian literature
Afro-Brazilian literature has existed in Brazil since the mid-19th century with the publication of Maria Firmina dos Reis's novel Ursula in 1859. Other writers from the late 19th century and early 20th century include Machado de Assis, Cruz e Sousa and Lima Barreto. Yet, Afro-Brazilian literature as a genre that recognized the ethnic and cultural origins of the writer did not gain national prominence in Brazil until the 1970s with the revival of Black Consciousness politics known as the Movimento Negro.
2009 World Amateur Boxing Championships – Super heavyweight
The Super heavyweight competition is the heaviest class featured  at the 2009 World Amateur Boxing Championships, and was held at the Mediolanum Forum. Super heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing over 91 kilograms (200.6 pounds).

2009 AIBA World Boxing Championships
The 2009 AIBA World Boxing Championships were held in Milan, Italy, from September 1, 2009 to September 12, 2009, in the Mediolanum Forum. It was the biggest World Championships in AIBA history. The competition was under the supervision of the world's governing body for amateur boxing, the AIBA.

Originally, Cameroon, Trinidad and Tobago and Uzbekistan each expressed interest in hosting the championships. However, they did not submit a final application and were therefore withdrawn from the running. This left Italy and South Korea remaining, who were the final two countries in contention during the bidding process to host the 2009 championships. The city of Milan in Italy was then chosen to host the competition.
MusicEase
MusicEase is a WYSIWYG scorewriter created by Gary Rader and produced by MusicEase Software (formerly known as Grandmaster). It enables computers using Microsoft Windows and macOS to produce musical notation and listen to them in MIDI.

Retrograde (music)
A melodic line that is the reverse of a previously or simultaneously stated line is said to be its retrograde or cancrizans (/ˈkæŋkrɪˌzænz/ "walking backward", medieval Latin, from cancer "crab"). An exact retrograde includes both the pitches and rhythms in reverse. An even more exact retrograde reverses the physical contour of the notes themselves, though this is possible only in electronic music. Some composers choose to subject just the pitches of a musical line to retrograde, or just the rhythms. In twelve-tone music, reversal of the pitch classes alone—regardless of the melodic contour created by their registral placement—is regarded as a retrograde.
Battle of Chesma
The Battle of Chesma (also known the Battle of Chesme, Battle of Cheshme or Battle of Cesme Bay) took place on 5–7 July 1770 during the near and in Çeşme, in the area between the western tip of Anatolia and the island of Chios, which was the site of a number of past naval battles between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. It was a part of the Orlov revolt of 1770, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821–1829), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for the Ottomans against Russia. Today it is commemorated as a Day of Military Honour in Russia.

Samuel Greig
Samuel Greig, also known as Samuil Karlovich Greig (Russian: Самуил Карлович Грейг; 30 November 1735 – 26 October 1788), was a British-born Russian naval officer who served in the Seven Years' War, Russo-Turkish War and Russo-Swedish War. His son Aleksey Greig also served in the Imperial Russian Navy.
2012 French Open – Wheelchair women's singles
Five-time defending champion Esther Vergeer defeated Aniek van Koot in the final, 6–0, 6–0 to win the women's singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2012 French Open. Vergeer lost no sets and just three games (all in the first set of her quarterfinal against Yui Kamiji) en route to the title, improving on her record from 2010.

2010 French Open – Wheelchair women's singles
Three-time defending champion Esther Vergeer defeated Sharon Walraven in the final, 6–0, 6–0 to win the women's singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2010 French Open. Vergeer lost no sets and only four games en route to the title.
Cherry Street (Manhattan)
Cherry Street is a one-way street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It currently has two sections, mostly running along parks, public housing, co-op buildings, tenements, and crossing underneath the Manhattan Bridge.

Grand Street (Manhattan)
Grand Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs west/east parallel to and south of Delancey Street, from SoHo through Chinatown, Little Italy, the Bowery, and the Lower East Side. The street's western terminus is Varick Street, and on the east it ends at the service road for the FDR Drive.
Between the Devil and Me
"Between the Devil and Me" is a song written by Harley Allen and Carson Chamberlain, and recorded by American country music singer Alan Jackson.  It was released in October 1997 as the fifth single from his album Everything I Love.  It peaked at number two on the U.S. Billboard country singles charts, behind Martina McBride's "A Broken Wing".

A Broken Wing
"A Broken Wing" is a song written by James House, Sam Hogin and Phil Barnhart, and recorded by American country music singer Martina McBride. It was released in September 1997 as the second single from McBride's album Evolution. In January 1998, "A Broken Wing" became McBride's second Number One single.
Kuttalam Assembly constituency
Kuttalam is a state assembly constituency in Mayiladuthurai district in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.

Mayiladuthurai district
Mayiladuthurai district is an administrative district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was formed in 2020 by the division the Nagapattinam district. The district is named after its headquarters, Mayiladuthurai. It is situated in the Cauvery Delta region.
Wang Shen (Song dynasty)
Wang Shen (c. 1036 – c. 1093), courtesy name Jinqing, was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, poet, and politician of the Song dynasty. He is best known for his surviving paintings, poetry, and calligraphy (Murck 2000, pp. 126–156), and for his relationships with prominent statesmen and early amateur literati artists such as Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu.

Li Cheng (painter)
Li Cheng (Chinese: 李成; pinyin: Lǐ Chéng; Wade–Giles: Li Ch'eng; 919–967), courtesy name Xiánxī (咸熙), was a Chinese painter of the Song dynasty. He was influenced by Jing Hao and Juran. Li Cheng, Fan Kuan, and Guan Tong became known as the "three great rival artists".
Wabasha Public Library
The Wabasha Public Library is a library in Wabasha, Minnesota. It is a member of Southeastern Libraries Cooperating (SELCO), the south east Minnesota library region. The library serves a community of about 4,700 residents.

Wabasha, Minnesota
Wabasha is a city and the county seat of Wabasha County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,559 at the time of the 2020 census. It is on the Mississippi River, near its confluence with the Zumbro River.
2011 7-Dorpenomloop Aalburg
The 2011 7-Dorpenomloop Aalburg, also known as the Verti advies 7-Dorpenomloop van Aalburg due to sponsorships reasons, was the fifth running of the women's 7-Dorpenomloop Aalburg, an elite women's bicycle race in Aalburg, the Netherlands. It was held on 28 May 2013 over a distance of 121.2 kilometres (75.3 miles), starting and finishing in Aalburg. It was rated by the UCI as a 1.2 category race. It was the first year that the race was a UCI 1.2 category race, so it was also the first year that the race was part of the 2011 UCI women's cycling calendar.

Aalburg
Aalburg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the southern Netherlands, in the province of North Brabant. The municipality had been formed in 1973 by the merging of the former municipalities of Eethen, Veen, and Wijk en Aalburg. On January 1, 2019 it joined Werkendam and Woudrichem in the new municipality of Altena.