hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kantō dialects
The Kantō dialects (関東方言 kantō hōgen, 関東弁 kantō-ben) are a group of Japanese dialects spoken in the Kantō region (except for the Izu Islands). The Kantō dialects include the Tokyo dialect which is the basis of modern standard Japanese. Along with the Tōhoku dialect, Kantō dialects have been characterized by the use of a suffix -be or -ppe; Kantō speakers were called Kantō bei by Kansai speakers in the Edo period. Eastern Kantō dialects share more features with the Tōhoku dialect. After the Pacific War, the southern Kantō regions such as Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba prefectures developed as satellite cities of Tokyo, and today traditional dialects in these areas have been almost entirely replaced by standard Japanese.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Dharm Jagaran Samiti
Dharma Jagaran Samanvay or DJS, is a directly affiliated Gatividhi of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, whose primary focus is to uphold Ghra Wapsi to Hinduism from other religions, to fight against Love Jihad, to fight against Land Jihad, and fight against conversions from Hinduism to other religions. It is a right-wing Hindu nationalist organisation.

Dharma Jagaran Samanvay is one of the most important Gatividhi of Sangh Parivar of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), working through its various departments all over India. The goal of the "'Dharma Jagaran Samanvay"' is to return to Hinduism those people whose ancestors were converted to Islam during the Mughal period forcefully and "'Dharma Jagaran Samanvay"' also oppose Christian missionaries who convert Dalit Hindus to Christianity, which is allegedly done by giving various inducements.

Sangh Parivar
The Sangh Parivar (translation: "Family of the [Rashtriya Swayamsevak] Sangh" or the "RSS family") is an umbrella term for the collection of Hindutva organisations formed by, and affiliated to, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. These include the political party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), religious organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), students union Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), among several others. In total, the Sangh Parivar has over 50 organisations.

The Sangh Parivar represents the Hindutva ideology and movement in India. Members of the Sangh Parivar or the supporters of its ideology are often referred to as "Sanghis".
Dnieper rapids
The Dnieper rapids (Ukrainian: Дніпрові пороги, romanized: Dniprovi porohy) also known as cataracts of the Dnieper, were the historical rapids on the Dnieper river in Ukraine, caused by outcrops of granites, gneisses and other types of bedrock of the Ukrainian Shield. The rapids began below the present-day city of Dnipro (formerly Kodak Fortress, Yekaterinoslav), where the river turns to the south, and dropped 50 meters in 66 kilometers, ending before the present-day city of Zaporizhzhia (whose name literally means "beyond the rapids").

There were nine major rapids (some sources give a smaller number), about 30–40 smaller rapids and 60 islands and islets. The rapids almost totally obstructed the navigation of the river.

After the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station was built at Zaporizhzhia in 1932, the rapids were inundated by the Dnieper Reservoir.

Rapids
Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid to be created.
George Hall (academic)
George Hall (3 November 1753 – 23 November 1811) was an English academic who served as the 24th Provost of Trinity College Dublin from 1806 to 1811. He also served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics from 1799 to 1800 and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Dromore for a few days before he died in 1811.

Bishop of Dromore
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Dromore is an episcopal title which takes its name after the original monastery of Dromore in County Down, Northern Ireland. In the Roman Catholic Church the title still continues as a separate bishopric, but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with other bishoprics.
American wine
Wine has been produced in the United States since the 1500s, with the first widespread production beginning in New Mexico in 1628. As of 2023, wine production is undertaken in all fifty states, with California producing 80.8% of all US wine. The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rotundifolia, and Vitis vulpina, but the wine-making industry is based almost entirely on the cultivation of the European Vitis vinifera, which was introduced by European settlers. With more than 1,100,000 acres (4,500 km2) under vine, the United States is the fourth-largest wine producing country in the world, after Italy, Spain, and France.

Missouri wine
Missouri wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in Missouri. German immigrants in the early-to-mid-19th century founded the wine industry in Missouri, resulting in its wine corridor being called the Missouri "Rhineland". Later, Italian immigrants also contributed to the state's wine production. In the mid-1880s, wine was produced by volume in Missouri more than in any other state and just before Prohibition, Missouri was the nation's second-largest wine-producing state. Missouri had the nation's first American Viticultural Area (AVA) established on June 20, 1980 named Augusta. There are now ~four~ five American Viticultural Areas associated with Missouri: Augusta AVA, Hermann AVA, Ozark Highlands AVA, Ozark Mountain AVA, and the Loess Hills District AVA which extends into northwestern Missouri. In 2017 there were 125 wineries operating in the state of Missouri, up from 92 in 2009.
Le Bal (arts centre)
Le Bal is an independent arts centre in Paris. It focuses on documentary photography, video, cinema and new media through exhibitions, production, book publishing, talks and debates.

Le Bal has around 350 m² of exhibition space divided across two floors; a bookshop, Le Bal Books; and café, Le Bal Café. It is located off Place de Clichy at 6 Impasse de la Défense, 18th arrondissement, 75018, Paris. It opened in September 2010. Its director is Diane Dufour (who was European Director of Magnum Photos from 2000 to 2006).

Centre national des arts plastiques
The Centre national des arts plastiques (National Centre for Visual Arts, or CNAP) is a French institution established in 1982 under the Ministry of Culture and Communication that promotes creation of visual arts. It provides assistance to artists and galleries, and manages the Fonds national d'art contemporain (FNAC; National Foundation for Contemporary Art).
Firema T-68
The Firema T-68 is a model of light rail passenger vehicle that first operated on the Manchester Metrolink network in Greater Manchester, England in 1992. The vehicles were constructed by Firema specifically as a high-floor, articulated bi-directional tram to operate solely on the Manchester Metrolink system.

Twenty-six T-68s were manufactured by Firema at their factories in Italy. Six modified variants (known as the T-68A) were produced in 1999 in a joint project by Firema and Ansaldo. All 32 were replaced by Bombardier M5000s between 2012 and 2014, as the Bombardier trams were significantly more reliable than the T-68s.

Market Street tram stop
Market Street is a tram stop in Zone 1 of Greater Manchester's Metrolink light rail system. It is located on Market Street, in Manchester city centre, England. It opened on 27 April 1992 as part of Phase 1 of Metrolink's expansion.

Originally the stop in Market Street had one platform and handled only northbound trams to Bury, with High Street tram stop a short distance away handling southbound trams from Bury. When Market Street was pedestrianised, High Street stop was closed, and Market Street was rebuilt as an island platform to handle trams in both directions. The rebuilt stop opened on 10 August 1998. It was rebuilt once again in 2015 with a new canopy. The stop is one of the most used on the Metrolink network.
Newcastle Airport (New South Wales)
Newcastle Airport (IATA: NTL, ICAO: YWLM), also known as Williamtown Airport, is an international airport in Williamtown, New South Wales. It is located 15 kilometres; 9.2 miles (8 NM) north of the Newcastle City Centre (27 km (17 mi) by road) in Port Stephens. It is the 13th busiest airport in Australia, handling over 1.25 million passengers in the year ended 30 June 2017, an increase of 6.6% on the previous year. The airport occupies a 28 ha (69-acre) site on the southern border of RAAF Base Williamtown.

Perth Airport
Perth Airport (IATA: PER, ICAO: YPPH) is an international, domestic and general aviation airport serving Perth, Western Australia.

It is the fourth busiest airport in Australia measured by passenger movements and falls within the boundaries of the cities of Belmont, Kalamunda and Swan.

Perth Airport covers a total of 2,105 hectares (5,202 acres) of airport property.

Since 1997, it has been operated by Perth Airport Pty Ltd under a 99-year lease from the federal government.: 48
Syndicate Wars
Syndicate Wars is an isometric real-time tactical and strategic game, developed by Bullfrog Productions and published by Electronic Arts. It was released for DOS in 1996 and for the PlayStation in 1997. It is the second video game title in the Syndicate series, retaining the core gameplay and perspective of the original Syndicate, but with a setting 95 years further into the future.

A first-person shooter follow-up (simply titled Syndicate) was developed by Starbreeze Studios and released in February 2012. This was followed by a spiritual successor (developed by the Syndicate Wars producer and lead programmer Mike Diskett), Satellite Reign, in August 2015.

Real-time tactics
Real-time tactics (RTT) is a subgenre of tactical wargames played in real-time, simulating the considerations and circumstances of operational warfare and military tactics. It is differentiated from real-time strategy gameplay by the absence of classic resource micromanagement and base or unit building, and by the greater importance of individual units and a focus on complex battlefield tactics.
Echis carinatus sochureki
Common names: Sochurek's saw-scaled viper, eastern saw-scaled viper, Stemmler's saw-scaled viper.

Echis carinatus sochureki is a venomous viper subspecies found in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula.

Viperinae
Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera are recognized. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, Vipera berus, even occurs within the Arctic Circle. Like all vipers, they are venomous.

The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "Old World vipers", and "true adders" all refer to this group.
Hugh McKinnon (Australian politician)
Hugh McKinnon (1856 – 6 March 1930) was an Australian politician.

Born in Taree, the son of Ann and Donald McKinnon a farmer, he attended local schools before becoming a teacher at Redbank Public School on the Manning River. He served on Manning Shire Council for twenty-two years. In 1891 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Protectionist member for Hastings and Manning, serving until 1894. McKinnon died at Taree in 1930.

Protectionist Party
The Protectionist Party, also known as the Protectionist Liberal Party or Liberal Protectionist Party, was an Australian political party, formally organised from 1887 until 1909, with policies centred on protectionism. The party advocated protective tariffs, arguing it would allow Australian industry to grow and provide employment. It had its greatest strength in Victoria and in the rural areas of New South Wales. Its most prominent leaders were Sir Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia.
Wake Green
Wake Green (grid reference SP085823) is a historical area in south Birmingham, England between Moseley, Kings Heath, and Hall Green.

Like nearby Sarehole it is no longer a postal address. It used to straddle the parish boundary of Yardley (Worcestershire at the time) and Kings Norton and was an area of "waste land", that is, land which had not yet been cultivated. In the past it had a post mill (windmill) – Wake Green Mill – mentioned in a deed of 1664 when it was in the possession of Richard Grevis. This was just above what is now Moseley Bog.

As the outskirts of Birmingham became built upon around the turn of the twentieth century, Wake Green disappeared beneath the growing "villages" of Moseley and Kings Heath, eventually becoming the centre of a new parish of Saint Agnes, Moseley (now a conservation area). Its name lives on in Wake Green Road.

Moseley
Moseley (/ˈmoʊzliː/ MOZE-lee) is an affluent suburb in south Birmingham, England, three miles (five kilometres) south of the city centre.

It is located within the eponymous Moseley ward of the constituency of Hall Green and Moseley in the ceremonial county of the West Midlands. It historically lay within Worcestershire, abutting the county border with Warwickshire.
Cayley table
Named after the 19th-century British mathematician Arthur Cayley, a Cayley table describes the structure of a finite group by arranging all the possible products of all the group's elements in a square table reminiscent of an addition or multiplication table.  Many properties of a group – such as whether or not it is abelian, which elements are inverses of which elements, and the size and contents of the group's center – can be discovered from its Cayley table.

A simple example of a Cayley table is the one for the group {1, −1} under ordinary multiplication:

Magma (algebra)
In abstract algebra, a magma, binar, or, rarely, groupoid is a basic kind of algebraic structure. Specifically, a magma consists of a set equipped with a single binary operation that must be closed by definition. No other properties are imposed.
Chuck Pavelko
Charles August Pavelko (August 2, 1915 – May 31, 2012) was an American football player and coach. He was a quarterback and punter for a very successful football team at Santa Clara University in the mid-1930s. He served as the head football coach at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California from 1948 to 1949, compiling a record of 7–11.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Language planning and policy in Singapore
In Singapore, language planning is associated with government planning. In this top-down approach, the government influences the acquisition of languages and their respective functions within the speech community through the education system. Language planning aims to facilitate effective communication within the speech community, which can result in a language shift or language assimilation. The goals of language planning are very much dependent on the political and social forces present in Singapore during two distinct periods: colonisation by the British and the period following the nation's independence from Malaysia in 1965.

Language ideology
Language ideology (also known as linguistic ideology) is, within anthropology (especially linguistic anthropology), sociolinguistics, and cross-cultural studies, any set of beliefs about languages as they are used in their social worlds.  Language ideologies are conceptualizations about languages, speakers, and discursive practices. Like other kinds of ideologies, language ideologies are influenced by political and moral interests, and they are shaped in a cultural setting. When recognized and explored, language ideologies expose how the speakers' linguistic beliefs are linked to the broader social and cultural systems to which they belong, illustrating how the systems beget such beliefs.  By doing so, language ideologies link implicit and explicit assumptions about a language or language in general to their social experience as well as their political and economic interests.
Hurtaly
Hurtaly or Hurtali is a legendary giant. He appears in Gargantua and Pantagruel by Rabelais, as an ancestor of Gargantua. Hurtaly is there said to have survived Noah's Flood, by sitting astride Noah's Ark ("il estoit dessus à cheval, jambe de sà, jambe de là"). He is characterised as a beau mangeur des souppes ("a fine eater of soups"), and as the son of Faribroth, father of Nembroth.

A biography of Rabelais states that Hurtaly is based on the Biblical Og, King of Bashan, and that Rabelais was paraphrasing the Pirkei of Rabbi Eliezar of Hyracanus.   This legend is also mentioned in the Jewish Encyclopedia of Adler and Singer (article "Og"), where it is also attributed to the Pirke of Rabbi Eliezar .

Gargantua
La vie tres horrifique du grand Gargantua, père de Pantagruel jadis composée par M. Alcofribas abstracteur de quinte essence. Livre plein de Pantagruelisme according to François Juste's 1542 edition, or simply Gargantua, is the second novel by François Rabelais, published in 1534 or 1535.

Similar in structure to Pantagruel (1532), but written in a more complex style, it recounts the years of apprenticeship and the warlike exploits of the giant Gargantua. A plea for a humanist culture against the ponderousness of a rigid Sorbonnard education, Gargantua is also a novel full of verve, lexical richness, and often crude writing.

Rabelais published Gargantua under the same pseudonym as Pantagruel: Alcofribas Nasier (an anagram of François Rabelais), “abstractor of quinte essence”.
HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
The Philippines has one of the highest rates of infection of HIV/AIDS, and is one of the fastest growing number of cases worldwide.  The Philippines is one of seven countries with growth in number of cases of over 25%, from 2001 to 2009.

Cases are concentrated among men who have sex with men  HIV cases among men having sex with men multiplied over 10 times since 2010.  HIV cases are getting younger.

The first case of HIV infection in the Philippines was reported in January 1984.

In December 2018, the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, was passed. The law repealed the Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998, and made health services for HIV/AIDs more accessible to Filipinos.

HIV-positive people
HIV-positive people, seropositive people or people who live with HIV are people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus which if untreated may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 38.4 million people were infected with HIV at the end of 2021. That same year, some 1.5 million people became newly infected, and 650,000 died of AIDS-related causes, including 98,000 children. More than two-thirds of new HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Adjustable-focus eyeglasses
Adjustable focus eyeglasses are eyeglasses with an adjustable focal length.  They compensate for refractive errors (such as presbyopia) by providing variable focusing, allowing users to adjust them for desired distance or prescription, or both.

Current bifocals and progressive lenses are static, in that the user has to change their eye position to look through the portion of the lens with the focal power corresponding to the distance of the object. This usually means looking through the top of the lens for distant objects and down through the bottom of the lens for near objects.  Adjustable focus eyeglasses have one focal length, but it is variable without having to change where one is looking.

Possible uses for such glasses are to provide inexpensive eyeglasses for people from low-income groups, developing countries, third world countries or to accommodate for presbyopia.

Progressive lens
Progressive lenses are corrective lenses used in eyeglasses to correct presbyopia and other disorders of accommodation. They are characterised by a gradient of increasing lens power, added to the wearer's correction for the other refractive errors. The gradient starts at the wearer's distance prescription at the top of the lens and reaches a maximum addition power, or the full reading addition, at the bottom of the lens. The length of the progressive power gradient on the lens surface depends on the design of the lens, with a final addition power between 0.75 and 3.50 dioptres.  The addition value prescribed depends on the level of presbyopia of the patient. In general the older the patient, the higher the addition. They are also known as multifocal lenses, progressive addition lenses (PAL), varifocal lenses, progressive power lenses, graduated prescription lenses, or progressive spectacle lenses.
Georgios Diamantopoulos
Georgios "Giorgos" Diamantopoulos (Greek: Γεώργιος (Γιώργος) Διαμαντόπουλος; born on February 15, 1980) is a Greek former professional basketball player. At a height of 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall, he played as a shooting guard-small forward. In the prime of his career, he possessed great scoring ability.

FIBA Saporta Cup Top Scorer
The FIBA Saporta Cup Top scorer, also known as the FIBA Saporta Cup Best Scorer, was an annual basketball award of the now defunct second-tier level European-wide league, the FIBA Saporta Cup. It was given to the Top scorer throughout the FIBA Saporta Cup season.
Vennikulam
Vennikulam is a small town situated in the bank of Manimala River Near Thiruvalla in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, South India. Town is located midway between Pullad and Mallapally towns. It Is Part Of Thiruvalla Constituency.

Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is a Municipal Town in southern Kerala, India, spread over an area of 23.5 km2 (9.1 sq mi). It is the administrative capital of Pathanamthitta district. The town has a population of 37,538 (as of 2011 census). The Hindu pilgrim centre Sabarimala is situated in the Pathanamthitta district; as the main transport hub to Sabarimala, the town is known as the 'Pilgrim Capital of Kerala'. Pathanamthitta District, the thirteenth revenue district of the State of Kerala, was formed with effect from 1 November 1982, with headquarters at Pathanamthitta. Forest covers more than half of the total area of the District. Pathanamthitta District ranks the 7th in area in the State. The district has its borders with Allepey, Kottayam, Kollam and Idukki districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Nearest town is Thiruvalla (largest town in Pathanamthitta District), located at a distance of 30 km. Thiruvalla railway station is 30 km via Thiruvalla-Kumbazha highway.