hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Center Forward
Center Forward is a national, centrist social and political advocacy nonprofit and 501(c)(4) organization based in Washington, D.C. It also operates a super PAC. Established in 2010, it promotes centrist and bipartisan policymaking in the United States and engages in public education, policy research, and issue-based advertising, with the stated goal of serving as "a premier convener for cross-party dialogue" The group is chaired by former U.S. Representative and Democratic Party politician Bud Cramer of Alabama.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
P. J. Walker
Phillip Joseph "P. J." Walker Jr. (born February 26, 1995) is an American professional football quarterback for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Temple Owls, and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Indianapolis Colts in 2017. After two seasons on the Colts' practice squad, Walker played for the Houston Roughnecks of the XFL in 2020. He led the XFL in passing yards and touchdowns before the league suspended operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He started games in the NFL for the Carolina Panthers from 2020 to 2022 and the Cleveland Browns in 2023.

2016 Military Bowl
The 2016 Military Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game, played at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland, on December 27, 2016.
The ninth edition of the Military Bowl featured the American Athletic Conference champion Temple Owls versus the Wake Forest Demon Deacons of Atlantic Coast Conference.
Criterion Hotel, Warwick
The Criterion Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 84 Palmerin Street in Warwick, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Dornbusch & Connolly and built in 1917 by Connolly & Bell. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Tin ceiling
A tin ceiling is an architectural element, consisting of a ceiling finished with tinplate with designs pressed into them, that was very popular in Victorian buildings in North America  in the late 19th and early 20th century. They were also popular in Australia where they were commonly known as pressed metal ceilings or Wunderlich ceilings (after the main Australian manufacturer Wunderlich). They were also used in South Africa.
Transportation in Toronto
Transportation in the Canadian city of Toronto forms the hub of the road, rail and air networks in the Greater Toronto Area and much of southern Ontario. There are many forms of transport in the city, including railways, highways, and public transit. Toronto also has an extensive network of bicycle lanes and multi-use trails and paths.

Line 1 Yonge–University
Line 1 Yonge–University is a rapid transit line of the Toronto subway. It serves Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. Operated by the Toronto Transit Commission, it has 38 stations and is 38.4 kilometres (23.9 miles) in length, making it the longest line on the subway system. It opened as the "Yonge subway" in 1954 as Canada's first underground passenger rail line and was extended multiple times between 1963 and 2017. As of 2010, Line 1 was the busiest rapid transit line in Canada, and one of the busiest lines in North America. In the 12 months ending August 2024, it averaged over 625,000 riders per weekday.
Jesse Graves
Jesse Graves (1879–1949), also known as Jessie Graves or Jesse A. Graves, was an American character actor of the 1930s and 1940s. During his career he appeared in over 100 films. Some of the more notable include: After the Thin Man in 1936, which stars William Powell, Myrna Loy, and James Stewart; 1938's Jezebel with Bette Davis, Henry Fonda, and George Brent; the Mickey Rooney version of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939); Frank Capra's 1939 political comedy-drama, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, starring James Stewart and Jean Arthur; the Orson Welles classic, Citizen Kane (1941); the George Gershwin biopic, Rhapsody in Blue (1945); and the 1948 Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn romantic comedy, State of the Union. His final film was the 1949 western, El Paso, starring John Payne and Gail Russell. As a Black American during this era, most of his roles were as butlers, redcaps, porters, waiters and other servant positions.

George Brent
George Brent (born George Brendan Nolan; 15 March 1904 – 26 May 1979) was an Irish-American stage, film, and television actor. He is best remembered for the eleven films he made with Bette Davis, which included Jezebel and Dark Victory.
2025 Girona Challenger
The 2025 Girona Challenger, known as the ATP Challenger Eurofirms Girona Costa Brava, was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Girona, Spain between 24 and 30 March 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
2015–16 Florida Gators women's basketball team
The 2015–16 Florida Gators women's basketball team represented the University of Florida in basketball during the 2015–16 women's college basketball season.  The Gators competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  They were led by ninth-year head coach Amanda Butler, and played their home games in the O'Connell Center on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. They finished the season 22–9, 10–6 in SEC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SEC women's tournament to Kentucky. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA women's tournament, where they were upset by Albany in the first round.

2016 SEC women's basketball tournament
The 2016 Southeastern Conference women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena in Jacksonville, Florida from March 2 through 6, 2016. South Carolina won the SEC Women's Tournament for the 2nd year in a row and earned an automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament.
BIBO stability
In signal processing, specifically control theory, bounded-input, bounded-output (BIBO) stability is a form of stability for signals and systems that take inputs. If a system is BIBO stable, then the output will be bounded for every input to the system that is bounded.

A signal is bounded if there is a finite value  such that the signal magnitude never exceeds , that is

For discrete-time signals:

For continuous-time signals:

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
4th Rivers State House of Assembly
The 4th Rivers State House of Assembly was in session from 29 May 1999 until 29 May 2003. All members of the House were elected on 9 January 1999. The majority party was the Rivers State People's Democratic Party led by Marshal Harry. The presiding officer (Speaker) of the Assembly was Chibuike Amaechi.

Rivers State House of Assembly
Rivers State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Rivers State inaugurated in 1979. It is a unicameral body with 32 members elected into 32 state constituencies. The Assembly's primary function is to enact laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Rivers State, as outlined in the Constitution of Nigeria. The current Speaker of the State Assembly is Martins Amaewhule.
Muri railway station
Muri railway station is a former railway station on the North Island Main Trunk Railway (NIMT) in Pukerua Bay, New Zealand; part of the Kapiti Line section of the suburban rail network of Wellington. The station was double tracked with side platforms on a straight section between two curves, 31.2 km from Wellington railway station, the southern terminus of the NIMT.

It was closed in April 2011, but Pukerua Bay station remains open.

Wellington railway station
Wellington railway station, Wellington Central station, or simply Wellington station, is the main railway station serving Wellington, New Zealand, and is the southern terminus of the North Island Main Trunk, Wairarapa Line and Johnsonville Line.

The station opened in June 1937, replacing the two previous Wellington termini, Lambton and Thorndon. The building was originally the head office of the New Zealand Railways Department or NZR. Today, the building houses the Wellington office of KiwiRail in the east wing of the building. Victoria University of Wellington occupies the west wing.

A number of alterations have been made to the railway station over the years. The building was registered on 25 September 1986 as a Category 1 Historic Place by Heritage New Zealand.
Currency substitution
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency.

Currency substitution can be full or partial. Full currency substitution can occur after a major economic crisis, such as in Ecuador. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use the currencies of their larger neighbours; for example, Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc.

Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets denominated in a foreign currency or use it as exchange currency, as is currently the case in Venezuela. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution; for example, Argentina was in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s.

Brunei dollar
The Brunei dollar (sign: B$, Malay: ringgit, will be renamed to dolar Brunei starting from the 2026 series; currency code: BND), has been the currency of the Sultanate of Brunei since 1967. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The currency is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen) and is issued by the Brunei Darussalam Central Bank.

Under a Currency Interchangeability Agreement in 1967, the Brunei dollar is interchangeable with the Singapore dollar at par. As such, the Brunei dollar is accepted in Singapore as "customary tender"; likewise, the Singapore dollar is accepted  in Brunei.
Enon Formation
The Enon Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is the lowermost of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin, its type locality, where it has been measured at a maximum thickness of 480 metres (1,570 ft). Discontinuous outcrops are also found in the Worcester-Pletmos and Oudshoorn-Gamtoos Basins, including isolated occurrences in the Haasvlakte, Jubilee, and Soutpansvlakte Basins near the small town Bredasdorp.

Breede River
The Breede River (Afrikaans: Breederivier), also known as Breë River, is a river in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Travelling inland north from the city of Cape Town, the river runs in a west to east direction. The surrounding western mountains formed the first continental divide experienced by European settlers in the 18th century. The Witels River and Dwars River become the Breë River.
Dominic Manucy
Dominic Manucy (December 20, 1823 – December 7, 1885) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the first vicar apostolic of Brownsville  in Texas (later the Diocese of Corpus Christi) from 1874 until he died in 1885. He also served as the third bishop of Mobile in Alabama for several months in 1884.

Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception (Mobile, Alabama)
The Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception (French: Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Mobile) is a Catholic cathedral in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The cathedral is the seat of the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Mobile.  It is named for Mary, mother of Jesus, under her title, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception.
Jack Brooks Regional Airport
Jack Brooks Regional Airport (IATA: BPT, ICAO: KBPT, FAA LID: BPT), formerly Southeast Texas Regional Airport, is near Port Arthur, Texas, nine miles (14 km) southeast of Beaumont and northeast of Port Arthur. It was Jefferson County Airport, but its name was changed to honor former U.S. Representative Jack Brooks (D - Beaumont). The airport is southwest of the city of Nederland in unincorporated Jefferson County, and is used for general aviation.  Southwest Airlines ended scheduled jet service in 1980 and several other airlines have started and ended service as well including American Eagle, Continental, Delta/Delta Connection, and United Express. The latest chapter is the resumption of service by American Eagle for American Airlines to Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW).

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is an American twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

Developed from the Beechcraft Super King Air, the aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few operators use its full-fuel range.
First Church of Christ, Scientist (Baltimore)
First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 102 West University Parkway, across from the campus of Johns Hopkins University, in the Tuscany-Canterbury neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States is an historic structure that on December 27, 1982, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Tuscany-Canterbury, Baltimore
Tuscany-Canterbury is a historic neighborhood in northern Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Its history, development, and flavor are outlined in Eileen Higham's book Tuscany-Canterbury: A Baltimore Neighborhood History.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
Little Amwell
Little Amwell was formerly a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, lying 1.6 miles (2.6 km) south-east of the county town of Hertford. The old village of Little Amwell forms the northern part of the modern village of Hertford Heath. The civil parish of Little Amwell was abolished in 1990, merging with parts of the neighbouring parishes of Great Amwell, Stanstead St Margarets, and Ware to form the new parish of Hertford Heath. Little Amwell remains the name of the ecclesiastical parish which covers Hertford Heath. In 1961 the parish had a population of 982.

All Saints' Church, Hertford
All Saints' Church is in Queens Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Hertford and Ware, the archdeaconry of Hertford, and the diocese of St Albans. It is the civic church of the town and of the county. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It is the largest church in Hertfordshire, other than St Albans Cathedral, and can seat up to 1,000 people.
Mehren, Vulkaneifel
Mehren (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːʁən] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.
Dworszowice Kościelne
Dworszowice Kościelne [dvɔrʂɔˈvit͡sɛ kɔɕˈt͡ɕɛlnɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Nowa Brzeźnica, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Pajęczno, and 82 km (51 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Nowa Brzeźnica
Nowa Brzeźnica [ˈnɔva bʐɛʑˈnit͡sa] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Pajęczno and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a royal town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Drosera prostratoscaposa
Drosera prostratoscaposa is a perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows in a rosette about 8 cm in diameter. It is native to a small area in the Fitzgerald River National Park 40 km south-east of the South Coast Highway in between Albany and Esperance. It grows in fine black sandy soils. It is considered to be closely related to D. macrophylla and D. bulbosa, but differs from these by the presence of multiple jasmine-scented flowers on its scapes and petiolate leaves.

It was first discovered in 1989 by Phill Mann and then formally described by Allen Lowrie and Sherwin Carlquist in 1990.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".
Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority
The Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority is one of 36 conservation authorities in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was established via the Conservation Authorities Act, and is a member authority of Conservation Ontario.

The authority is responsible for the management and protection of the watershed in the Niagara Peninsula, which includes the Niagara River, Welland River, and other bodies of water flowing into Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. It covers all of the Regional Municipality of Niagara and portions of Haldimand County and the city of Hamilton.

Conservation Authorities Act
The Conservation Authorities Act (French: Loi sur les offices de protection de la nature) was created by the Ontario Provincial Legislature in 1946 to ensure the conservation, restoration and responsible management of hydrological features through programs that balance human, environmental and economic needs. The Act authorizes the formation of Conservation Authorities on a per watershed basis. The Act is administered by the Ministry of Natural Resources.
Gisundet
Gisundet is a strait in Senja Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The 35-kilometre (22 mi) long strait separates the island of Senja from the mainland. The strait flows into the Malangen fjord in the north and into the Finnfjorden (and later the Solbergfjorden) in the south. The strait is crossed by the Gisund Bridge which connects the village of Silsand on the island to the town of Finnsnes on the mainland.

Solbergfjorden
Solbergfjorden is a fjord (or more accurately, a strait) on the southeastern side of the large island of Senja in Troms county, Norway. The fjord flows through Dyrøy Municipality, Sørreisa Municipality, and Senja Municipality. The 27-kilometre (17 mi) long strait flows into the Vågsfjorden to the southwest and into the Finnfjorden and Reisafjorden in the northeast. The village of Vangsvik is one of the larger settlements along the Solbergfjorden.
Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 61 kg
The Men's 61 kg weightlifting event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games took place at the National Exhibition Centre on 30 July 2022. The weightlifter from Malaysia won the gold, with a combined lift of 285 kg.

National Exhibition Centre
The National Exhibition Centre (NEC) is an exhibition centre located in Marston Green in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, near the city of Birmingham. It is near junction 6 of the M42 motorway, and is adjacent to Birmingham Airport and Birmingham International railway station. It was opened by  Queen Elizabeth II in 1976.
Manchester Cancer Research Centre
The Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC) was established in 2006 by the University of Manchester, Cancer Research UK and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust. It has since been expanded through the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre to include Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust and Salford Clinical Commissioning Group.

Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, was a large NHS foundation trust in Manchester, England, that was founded in 2009 and merged with University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust in 2017 to form the current Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.

The trust ran eight hospitals in Manchester and Trafford: Manchester Royal Infirmary, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and University Dental Hospital of Manchester in Manchester, and Trafford General Hospital, Altrincham Hospital and Stretford Memorial Hospital in Trafford.