hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernard of Niemodlin
Bernard of Niemodlin (Polish: Bernard niemodliński; b. 1374/78 – d. 2/4 April 1455), was a Duke of Strzelce and Niemodlin during 1382–1400 (with his brothers as co-rulers), Duke of Opole during 1396–1400 (with his brother as co-ruler), from 1400 until 1450 sole ruler over Strzelce and Niemodlin, from 1401 ruler over Olesno and Lubliniec, from 1420 ruler over Prudnik and in 1424 ruler over Głogówek, during 1434–1450 ruler over Kluczbork and Byczyna and from 1450 ruler over only Olesno.

He was the fourth and youngest son of Duke Bolko III of Strzelce by his wife Anna, probably daughter of Duke Jan I of Oświęcim.

Jan I the Scholastic
Jan I the Scholastic (Polish: Jan I Scholastyk; 1308/10 – 1372 before 29 September), was a Duke of Oświęcim from 1324 until his death.

He was the eldest child and only son of Duke Władysław of Oświęcim by his wife Euphrosyne, daughter of Duke Boleslaus II of Masovia.
Inq Mobile
Inq was a social software and app manufacturer who launched two successful software products and a series of award-winning handsets. Material, Inq's personalised magazine, became the top free news app in the UK App Store and achieved a number 4 position in the US, shortly after launch. SO.HO, a social launcher developed by Inq, was also warmly received with press positioning it as an alternative to Facebook Home.

Prior to focusing on software, Inq released a series of "social mobiles" for which they were awarded "Best Newcomer" and "Best Handset" at the GSMA in 2009.

In January 2014 Inq announced that the business was to close down and that the apps they had in market would not be updated after this point.

VentureBeat
VentureBeat is an American technology website headquartered in San Francisco, California. VentureBeat is a tech news source that publishes news, analysis, long-form features, interviews, and videos. The VentureBeat company was founded in 2006 by Matt Marshall, an ex-correspondent for The Mercury News.
Forbesichthys
Forbesichthys is a small genus of Amblyopsiform fishes native to North America, with two recognized species:

Forbesichthys agassizii (Putnam, 1872) (spring cavefish)

Forbesichthys papilliferus (Forbes, 1882) (Shawnee Hills cavefish)

Despite being cave fish, both species are non-troglomorphic, retaining functioning eyes and pigmented bodies. This is because they venture out from their subterranean habitat to feed in surface waters at night.

Cavefish
Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish, and hypogean fish.

There are more than 200 scientifically described species of obligate cavefish found on all continents, except Antarctica. Although widespread as a group, many species have very small ranges and are threatened.

Cavefish are members of a wide range of families and do not form a monophyletic group. Typical adaptations include reduced eyes and depigmentation.
Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame
The Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame (AJHF) is an organization and museum in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It was founded in 1978, and opened as museum on September 18, 1993, with a mission "to foster, encourage, educate, and cultivate a general appreciation of the medium of jazz music as a legitimate, original and distinctive art form indigenous to America. Its mission is also to preserve a continued and sustained program of illuminating the contribution of the State of Alabama through its citizens, environment, demographics and lore, and perpetuating the heritage of jazz music."

Minor High School
Minor High School is a four-year public high school in the Birmingham, Alabama suburb of Adamsville. It is one of fourteen high schools in the Jefferson County School System. School colors are purple and white, and the athletic teams are called the Tenacious Tigers. Minor competes in AHSAA Class 6A athletics.
13th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (Wandsworth)
The 13th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (Wandsworth) (13th East Surreys or 13th ESR) was an infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It was raised in the summer of 1915 by the Mayor and Borough of Wandsworth in the suburbs of South London. It served on the Western Front from June 1916, and distinguished itself at the capture of Villers-Plouich and at Bourlon Wood. It then fought through the German spring offensive and the Battle of the Lys, when most of the battalion was surrounded and captured. Reduced to a training cadre the battalion was sent back to England to be reconstituted, but was eventually disbanded just before the end of the war

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
2021 CAF Confederation Cup final
The 2021 CAF Confederation Cup final was the final match of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup, the 18th season of Africa's premier club football tournament organised by CAF under the CAF Confederation Cup title after the merger of CAF Cup and African Cup Winners' Cup. It was played at the Stade de l'Amitié in Cotonou, Benin on 10 July 2021.

Raja CA defeated JS Kabylie 2–1 to secure their second ever CAF Confederation Cup title. They also earned the right to play against Al Ahly S.C the CAF Champions league winner in the 2021–22 CAF Super Cup.

2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2020–21 Total CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th edition  of Africa's secondary club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), under the current CAF Confederation Cup title after the merger of CAF Cup and African Cup Winners' Cup.

The winners of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2020–21 CAF Champions League in the 2021–22 CAF Super Cup.

RS Berkane were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.
Flinders Highway, South Australia
Flinders Highway connects the South Australian towns of Ceduna and Port Lincoln, a distance of 396 kilometres (246 mi) Flinders Highway – along with Lincoln Highway – presents an alternative but somewhat longer coastal route between Ceduna and Port Augusta, compared to the more direct route along Eyre Highway. It is designated route B100.

Port Augusta
Port Augusta (Goordnada in the revived indigenous Barngarla language) is a coastal city in South Australia about 310 kilometres (190 mi) by road from the state capital, Adelaide. Most of the city is on the eastern shores of Spencer Gulf, immediately south of the gulf's head, comprising the city's centre and surrounding suburbs, Stirling North, and seaside homes at Commissariat Point, Blanche Harbor and Miranda. The suburb of Port Augusta West is on the western side of the gulf on the Eyre Peninsula. Together, these localities had a population of 13,515 in the 2021 census.

Formerly a seaport, the city supports regional agriculture and services many mines in the South Australian interior to its north. A significant industry was electricity generation until 2019, when its coal-burning power stations were shut down. A solar farm opened in 2020.
Integration of immigrants in Germany
The integration of immigrants in Germany describes the historical development, political frameworks and social dynamics through which migrants and refugees have been incorporated into German society since 1945.

German refugee policy
The term Flüchtlingspolitik refers to the legal provisions and the handling of refugees and asylum seekers wanting to enter a country, and/or subsequently staying there for a long period of time, in this case Germany and its predecessor states.
County of Holland
52°09′48″N 4°32′12″E﻿ / ﻿52.16325°N 4.53678°E﻿ / 52.16325; 4.53678

The County of Holland was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from its inception until 1433. From 1433 onward it was part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1581 onward the leading province of the Dutch Republic until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. The territory of the County of Holland corresponds roughly with the current provinces of North Holland and South Holland in the Netherlands.

The County of Holland was the first Holy Roman county in the area to reach a substantial level of economic, cultural, military, and technological development, having had time to undergo this development before the area became classed as a county.

Hollandse IJssel
The Hollandse or Hollandsche IJssel (pronounced [ˌɦɔlɑntsə ˈʔɛisəl]) is a river in Utrecht and South Holland. Originally a distributary of the Lek, it is now fed by the Doorslag, an arm of the Merwede Canal. It begins in Nieuwegein at the southern end of the Doorslag. From here, it flows westwards through IJsselstein, Montfoort, Oudewater, and Gouda before emptying into the Nieuwe Maas at Capelle and Krimpen aan den IJssel, on the outskirts of Rotterdam. Another branch, the Enge IJssel ("Narrow IJssel"), flows southwestwards from Nieuwegein. A barrier at the mouth of the river, constructed as part of the Delta Works, prevents storm surges from flowing upstream.

The name Hollandse IJssel distinguishes the river from the Gelderse IJssel, which runs through Gelderland and empties into the IJsselmeer.
Exclusive Agreement
The Exclusive Agreement of 1892 was a treaty signed between the British and the Rulers of the Sheikhdoms of the Lower Gulf, then known as the Trucial States and today the United Arab Emirates.

The treaty bound the Rulers of the Trucial States to the British government, to deal only with the British and not to make any agreements regarding land or territorial rights with any foreign power. It effectively cemented the status of the Trucial States as a British protectorate, although did not formally confer protectorate status on the Sheikhdoms, a status the British were to withhold until they announced the unilateral abrogation of all of the treaties they entered into with the Trucial States on 16 January 1968.

The revocation of all of these treaties formally took place on the 1st December 1971, the day before the accession to the act of Union which would mark the foundation of the United Arab Emirates.

Trucial States
The Trucial States, also known as the Trucial Coast, or the Trucial Sheikhdoms, or Trucial Oman, was a group of tribal confederations in southeastern Arabia south of the Persian Gulf whose leaders had signed protective treaties with the British Empire between 1820 and 1892.

The Trucial States remained an informal British protectorate until the treaties were revoked on 1 December 1971. The following day, six of the sheikhdoms—Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah—formed the United Arab Emirates; the seventh, Ras Al Khaimah, joined on 10 February 1972.
Duck hunting in South Australia
Duck hunting is an outdoor recreational activity practised under a permit system in the Australian state of South Australia. Hunters use shotguns and are provided with permits issued by the Department of Environment and Water. The activity is opposed by animal welfare groups who consider the practice to be unacceptably cruel.

Latham's snipe
Latham's snipe (Gallinago hardwickii), also Japanese snipe is a medium-sized, long-billed, migratory snipe of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. The origin of the bird's common name is not clear. John Latham was a well-known English physician and ornithologist in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and had a great interest in Australasian birds. However, he had no apparent connection with the snipe named after him.
Thorskog House
Thorskog House (Swedish: Thorskogs slott) is a manor house in Bohuslän, Sweden. It is located in Lilla Edet Municipality.
It was built in 1892 in accordance with the plans of architect Carl Fahlström  (1854-1920).

Thorskogs slott operates as a hotel and is open to the public with 40 furnished rooms and restaurant facilities. Thorskogs slott was the location for the 2009 and 2010 seasons of the SVT show Stjärnorna på slottet.

Lilla Edet Municipality
Lilla Edet Municipality (Swedish: Lilla Edets kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Lilla Edet.

The present municipality was formed in 1971, when the market town (köping) Lilla Edet (instituted as late as 1951) was merged with Flundre (part of), Inlands Torpe and Lödöse.

Population figures from Statistics Sweden as of December 31, 2005.

Lilla Edet (seat) (pop. 4,936)

Lödöse (pop. 1,265)

Göta (pop. 962)

Nygård (pop. 436)

Hjärtum (pop. 384)

Of these localities, Lödöse is nationally known for being the original location of the city of Gothenburg. In the medieval age it was a busy city and hosted an important Swedish harbor, until it was moved to its present location in 1473, and little remained. Today it has an interesting museum with many objects.
Yazidi literature
Yazidi literature is literature produced by the Kurds-Yazidi people. Although Yazidi literature has traditionally been primarily oral, many Yazidi texts have been transcribed since the 1970s. Kurmanji is the main language used.

Unlike the other major religions of the Near East, Yazidism does not have a standardized canon of religious texts, since religious knowledge is traditionally transmitted orally.

Some of the largest text collections of Yazidi literature have been compiled by Philip G. Kreyenbroek & Khalil Rashow (2005) and Khanna Omarkhali (2017). Other compilations of various Yazidi texts are those of Christine Allison (2001) and Teimuraz Avdoev, a Georgian Yazidi.

Sheikh Shems
Sheikh Shems or Melek Shams ad-Din (Kurdish: Şêx Şems, Şêşims, Melek Şemsedîn) is a holy figure venerated in Yazidism, he is considered one of the Seven Divine Beings, to all of whom God assigned the World's affairs, and his earthly incarnation is considered one of the four sons of Ezdina Mir along with Nasirdîn, Fexredîn, and Sicadîn, who are the respective ancestors and patriarchs of the four Şemsanî Sheikh lineages.
Miss Hong Kong 2020
The Miss Hong Kong Pageant 2020  (Chinese: 2020香港小姐競選) was the 48th Miss Hong Kong Pageant that was held in TVB City on 30 August 2020. There was a socially distanced and masked audience due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Miss Hong Kong 2019 winner Carmaney Wong crowned her successor Lisa-Marie Tse at the end of the pageant. The theme of the pageant was gardens, forestry, and nature.

Miss Hong Kong Pageant
Miss Hong Kong Pageant (Chinese: 香港小姐競選), or Miss HK (港姐) for short, is an annual Hong Kong-based beauty pageant organised by local Hong Kong television station, TVB. The pageant was established in 1946, and acquired by TVB in 1973. It is one of the oldest pageants in the world. The reigning Miss Hong Kong is Stacey Chan, winner of the 2025 pageant.
Rachid Talbi Alami
Rachid Talbi Alami (Arabic: رشيد الطالبي العلمي; born 1958) is a Moroccan politician of the National Rally of Independents party who is the President (Speaker) of the House of Representatives of Morocco since 2021. He was elected representative of Tetouan in the 2021 general election.

Cabinet of Morocco
The Cabinet of Morocco is the chief executive body of the Kingdom of Morocco.

The Cabinet is composed of some 24 ministers including 5 "Minister Delegates". It is headed by the Prime Minister since August 2011, who is appointed by the King of Morocco from the party that achieved a plurality in the parliamentary elections. The Cabinet's ministers are chosen by the PM, after consultation with other parties forming the Government coalition, then validated and appointed by the King. As of September 10, 2021, the current government is headed by Aziz Akhannouch, who was appointed by King Mohamed VI to form a new government after leading the results of the 2021 general election. On 7 October 2021, the new cabinet of 24 ministers, which included 7 women, was sworn in.
Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (Belgium)
The Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) is the independent administrative authority responsible for regulating the audiovisual media sector such as television, radio, cable TV, and so on in the French-speaking community of southern Belgium. It is headquartered on Rue Royale, 89, 1000 Bruxelles, Brussels.

Pluralism (political theory)
Pluralism is the political theory that politics and decision-making are located mostly in the framework of government but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence.

Under classical pluralist theory, groups of individuals try to maximize their interests through continuous bargaining processes and conflict. Because of the consequent distribution of resources throughout a population, inequalities may be reduced. At the same time, radical political change will be met with resistance due to the existence of competing interest groups, which collectively form the basis of a democratic equilibrium.

Theorists of pluralism include Robert A. Dahl, David Truman, and Seymour Martin Lipset.
Complexe Maisonneuve
Complexe Maisonneuve is an office building complex in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Complexe Maisonneuve is located on Rue De la Gauchetière Ouest between Boulevard Robert-Bourassa and Colline Beaver Hall. It is situated facing Square Victoria in the Quartier international district of Downtown Montreal, and is linked to Montreal's Underground City and Square-Victoria-OACI Station on the Montreal Metro. The complex consists of two buildings, the 600 de La Gauchetière and the 700 de La Gauchetière which were built at the same time in 1983 but are owned by different real estate companies.

Victoria Square, Montreal
Victoria Square (officially in French: Square Victoria) is a town square and public space in the Quartier International de Montréal (also called the International Quarter) area of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, at the intersection of Beaver Hall Hill and McGill Street. The Square forms an integral component of the city's urban public transit system and constitutes a 'prestige address' for the international face of the city. It is bordered by Viger Street to the north, Saint Jacques Street to the south, Beaver Hall Hill to the west and Square Victoria Street (an extension of McGill Street) along the eastern side. As with other city squares, Square Victoria is open 24 hours per day to all citizens of Montreal and provides the role of an urban breathing space, with dense foliage to the south that tapers as the square rises up Beaver Hall Hill.
Iris schelkownikowii
Iris schelkownikowii  is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the Transcaucasus region of Azerbaijan. It has large flowers in shades of bluish or grey-purple violet, with dark brown veining. It also has a reddish purple signal patch and yellow beard.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Petronax of Monte Cassino
Saint Petronax of Monte Cassino (Italian: Petronace di Monte Cassino) (May 1, 670 – May 6, 747), called "The Second Founder of Monte Cassino", was an Italian monk and abbot who rebuilt and repopulated the monastery of Monte Cassino, which had been destroyed by the invading Lombards in the late sixth century.

A native of Brescia, Petronax had made a pilgrimage to the tomb of Saint Benedict in 717 after being advised to do so by Pope Gregory II.  Monte Cassino was a ruin, but there were a few hermits who had nevertheless remained there.  Petronax was elected their superior and other recruits soon joined the monastery.
Funds to restore the monastery came from noblemen such as the duke of Beneventum.  Petronax received the monastic rule written in Benedict's own hand from Pope Zachary.

Both Saint Willibald and Saint Sturmius of Fulda were monks under Petronax.

Pope Zachary
Pope Zachary (Latin: Zacharias; 679 – March 752) was the bishop of Rome from 28 November 741 to his death in March 752. He was the last pope of the Byzantine Papacy. Zachary built the original church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, forbade the traffic of slaves in Rome, negotiated peace with the Lombards, and sanctioned Pepin the Short's usurpation of the Frankish throne from Childeric III. Zachary is regarded as a capable administrator and a skillful and subtle diplomat in a dangerous time.
Khlout
The Khlout (Arabic: خلوط, romanized: Khlūṭ) also written as Khlut, Khlot and historically known as Khult (Arabic: خلط, romanized: Khulṭ) is an Arab tribe belonging to the Jusham of the Banu Hilal confederacy in Morocco. They today inhabit the Gharb region along with other Arab tribes.

Wattasid dynasty
The Wattasid dynasty (Arabic: الوطاسيون, al-waṭṭāsīyūn) was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent. The two families were related, and the Marinids recruited many viziers from the Wattasids. These viziers eventually assumed the powers of the Sultans, seizing control of the Marinid dynasty's realm when the last Marinid, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq, who had massacred many of the Wattasids in 1459, was murdered during a popular revolt in Fez in 1465.

Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya was the first Sultan of the Wattasid Dynasty. He controlled only the northern part of Morocco, the south being divided into several principalities. The Wattasids were finally supplanted in 1554, after the Battle of Tadla, by the Saadi dynasty princes of Tagmadert who had ruled all of southern Morocco since 1511.
Manasseh Sogavare
Manasseh Damukana Sogavare (born 17 January 1955) is a Solomon Islander politician who served as prime minister of Solomon Islands for a total of nine years from 2000–2001, 2006–2007, 2014–2017, and 2019–2024. Sogavare has served in the National Parliament representing East Choiseul since 1997. He also served as minister of finance from 1997–1998, 2017–2019, and 2024–2025.

Sogavare has been widely accused of promoting democratic backsliding in Solomon Islands. The Solomon Islands under Sogavare has been criticised by many as being increasingly autocratic or even authoritarian. Despite earning a modest formal salary, he has accrued a vast real estate portfolio, raising questions about his sources of income.

Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
The prime minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, as elected by the National Parliament. Jeremiah Manele has served as the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands since May 2024.

Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm; the functions of the head of state are performed on behalf of the monarch of Solomon Islands by the governor-general of Solomon Islands, who is nominated by Parliament.

The prime minister's official residence is Red House in Honiara.