hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Akpan Okon
Akpan Okon listenⓘ was an Obong (king) of Ibom Kingdom around 1690-1720. An attempt was made to overthrow him by his brother Akakpokpo Okon with the support of groups such as the Eze Agwu, Nnachi Ipia, and the Nnubi dynasty in the final phases of the Aro-Ibibio Wars. Although this alliance was very significant and crucial, the battle ended in a stalemate. The alliance between the Eze Agwu lineage and his ambitious brother Akakpokpo invigorated the Aro people, and laid the foundation of the Arochukwu kingdom.

Nnachi Ipia
Nnachi Ipia mononymously known as Nnachi, was one of the founding fathers of the city of Arochukwu, one of the largest villages in Abia State in southeastern Nigeria. During the conclusion of the 17th century, he was a Dibia (priest-doctor) from the Edda people near Afikpo. The Eze Agwu clan led by his relative King Agwu Inobia in the Aro region called on Nnachi for help during the Aro-Ibibio Wars. Unable to break the stalemate in the favor of Eze Agwu, Nnachi called some allies from the east of the Cross River known as the Akpa people. Akuma and Osim Nnubi led the Akpa people into the Aro region and collaborated with Igbo forces (and Ibibio rebels) to battle against the troops of Obong Okon Ita kingdom. Though Osim died, Akuma survived and became the first EzeAro. After his death, Nnachi's descendants took over the throne starting with his son, Oke Nnachi. They are currently the ruling clan of the Aro people.
Europium(III) selenide
Europium(III) selenide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Eu2Se3. It is one of the selenides of europium. It can be obtained by the reaction of selenium and europium at high temperature. It co-melts with germanium diselenide to form Eu2GeSe5 and Eu2Ge2Se7. It reacts with uranium and uranium diselenide at high temperature to obtain EuU2Se5.

Uranium diselenide
Uranium diselenide is a compound of uranium and selenium. It has a β form that has orthorhombic crystal system.  The family of crystals it matches is PbCl2.  The dimensions of the unit cell are a: 7.455 Å, b: 4.2320 Å, c= 8.964 Å.  The compound has the unusual property of ferromagnetism, but only if the temperature is below 14 K.

Tellurium can be substituted for selenium in varying quantities, expanding the lattice and increasing the ferromagnetic Curie temperature.
Sordariales
The order Sordariales is one of the most diverse taxonomic groups within the Sordariomycetes (subdivision Pezizomycotina, division Ascomycota).

Species in the order Sordariales have a broad range of ecological diversity, containing lignicolous, herbicolous and coprophilous taxa. Most Sordariales are saprobic, producing solitary perithecial ascomata. They are commonly found on dung or decaying plant matter. The order contains a number of ecologically important species, including the model filamentous fungal genera Podospora and Neurospora, as well as potentially industrial-relevant fungi, such as members of the Chaetomiaceae family, which often produce biologically active secondary metabolites. The order Sordariales furthermore contains the highest diversity of thermophilic fungal species, with isolates present in seven different genera.

Neurospora
Neurospora is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons.

The best known species in this genus is Neurospora crassa, a common model organism in biology. Neurospora intermedia var. oncomensis is believed to be the only mold belonging to Neurospora which is used in food production (to make oncom).
The Match Europe v USA
The Match Europe v USA was an international two-day outdoor track and field competition between the United States and Europe. It took place from 9–10 September 2019 in Minsk, Belarus, three weeks prior to the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, a few days after the conclusion of the 2019 Diamond League, and three months after the 2019 European Games.

Team Europe won the Match, defeating Team USA by 724½ to 601½.

2019 Diamond League
The 2019 Diamond League was the tenth season of the annual series of outdoor track and field meetings, organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). It featured fourteen meetings, with the final two meetings serving as the series finals. It is the third edition to feature the new championship-style system.
CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon
The CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon is a United States Air Force 1,000-pound (450 kg)-class freefall Cluster Bomb Unit. It was developed and produced by Textron Defense Systems. A CBU-97 used in conjunction with the Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser guidance tail kit is converted to a precision-guided weapon, and the combination is designated CBU-105.

Textron
Textron Inc. is an American industrial  conglomerate based in Providence, Rhode Island. Textron's subsidiaries include Bell Textron, Kautex, Textron Aviation (which itself includes the Beechcraft and Cessna brands), and Lycoming Engines. It was founded by Royal Little in 1923 as the Special Yarns Company. In 2020, Textron employed over 33,000 people in 25 countries.
The company ranked 265th on the 2021 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue.
Michael Szentemágócs
Michael from the kindred Szentemágócs (Hungarian: Szentemágócs nembeli Mihály; died after 1292) was a Hungarian nobleman who served as Palatine of Hungary from 1291 to 1292, during the reign of Andrew III of Hungary.

Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
Postal orders of Bophuthatswana
Bophuthatswana began issuing its own postal orders shortly after gaining independence from South Africa in 1977. As Bophuthatswana did not have its own banknotes (because its currency was the Rand), postal orders are the closest things to banknotes Bophuthatswana ever had. The last day of issue was 26 April 1994.

Some Bophuthatswanan postal order forms bear issue dates of 27 April 1994 and later, but these are classified as remainder issues, as Bophuthatswana was reincorporated into South Africa.

Postal orders on hand when Bophuthatswana reincorporated into South Africa are classified into two series:

The Interim Series

Post-readmission Series

Postal order
A postal order or postal note  is a type of money order usually intended for sending money through the mail. It is purchased at a post office and is payable to the named recipient at another post office. A fee for the service, known as poundage, is paid by the purchaser. In the United States, this is known as a postal money order. Postal orders are not legal tender, but a type of promissory note, similar to a cheque.
Mikael Harutyunyan
Mikael Harutyuni Harutyunyan (Armenian: Միքայել Հարությունի Հարությունյան; born 10 February 1946) is an Armenian general who served as the Defence Minister of Armenia from 4 April 2007 until 14 April 2008. From 14 April 2008 to 24 May 2018, he served as Chief Military Inspector and advisor to the President of Armenia. From 1995 to 2007, he served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces. He currently resides in Russia and is wanted in Armenia on charges related to the violence during the 2008 Armenian presidential election protests.

Chief of the General Staff (Armenia)
The Chief of the General Staff of Armenian Armed Forces (Armenian: ՀՀ Զինված ուժերի Գլխավոր շտաբի պետ, romanized: HH Zinvats uzheri Glkhavor shtabi pet) is the highest-ranking military officer of the Armed Forces of Armenia, who is responsible for maintaining the operational command of the military and its three major branches.
Conductor of an elliptic curve
In mathematics, the conductor of an elliptic curve over the field of rational numbers (or more generally a local or global field) is an integral ideal, which is analogous to the Artin conductor of a Galois representation. It is given as a product of prime ideals, together with associated exponents, which encode the ramification in the field extensions generated by the points of finite order in the group law of the elliptic curve.  The primes involved in the conductor are precisely the primes of bad reduction of the curve: this is the Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion.

Ogg's formula expresses the conductor in terms of the discriminant and the number of components of the special fiber over a local field, which can be computed using Tate's algorithm.

John Tate (mathematician)
John Torrence Tate Jr. (March 13, 1925 – October 16, 2019) was an American mathematician distinguished for many fundamental contributions in algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, and related areas in algebraic geometry. He was awarded the Abel Prize in 2010.
1977 British Rowing Championships
The 1977 National Rowing Championships was the sixth edition of the National Championships, held from 15–17 July 1977 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. London won the John Player Trophy (men's Victor Ludorum) and Thames won the Charlton Cup (women's Victor Ludorum).

British Rowing Championships
The British Rowing Championships usually take place every year and are normally held at the National Water Sports Centre, Holme Pierrepont (Nottingham), with occasional championships held at the Strathclyde Country Park. The championships originally incorporated Senior and Junior crews but in 2013 they were held separately for the first time. The Junior events ran without issues, but from 2019-2023 the senior championships did not run due to lack of entries. In 2024, the championships recombined. It is a major event for club rowers and schools and events are held for open, women, open junior, women's junior, under 23, lightweight, adaptive and coastal boats.

Each crew member of the first, second and third placed crews in each event receive gold, silver and bronze medals respectively. The club champion in each event (i.e. the highest placed non-composite crew) also receives a wooden club champions plaque to display in their clubhouse.
Bach's early cantatas
Johann Sebastian Bach started composing cantatas around 1707, when he was still an organist in Arnstadt. The first documented performances of his work took place in Mühlhausen, where he was appointed in 1708.

Christoph Wolff
Christoph Wolff (born 24 May 1940) is a German musicologist. He is best known for his works on the music, life, and period of Johann Sebastian Bach. Christoph Wolff is an emeritus professor of Harvard University, and was part of the faculty since 1976, and former director of the Bach Archive in Leipzig from 2001 to 2014.
Edith Branson
Edith Branson (1891–1976) was an American painter who was known for her use of color to convey emotions. Her mature work included stylized figures and natural subjects as well as complete abstractions. She was intensely committed to her craft but made little effort to show in commercial galleries or sell her paintings by other means. Although her work appeared mostly in extremely large group exhibitions, it was nonetheless frequently singled out for comment in the local press.

Charles James Martin (artist)
Charles James Martin (September 1886 – August 9, 1955) born originally in Mansfield, England, emigrated and became a British American modernist artist and arts instructor. He worked in a variety of media including etching, lithography, water color, monotype, linocut, woodcut, oil, photography, mezzotint and silversmithing.
Bindoon-Julimar Important Bird Area
The Bindoon-Julimar Important Bird Area is a fragmented 525 km2 tract of land in the northern Darling Ranges, of south-western Western Australia.  It is about 5 km east of the town of Bindoon and 80 km north of Perth, on the edge of the wheatbelt.  It lies between the Calingiri and Northern Swan Coastal Plain IBAs.

Darling Scarp
The Darling Scarp (Nyungar: Katta Moorda), also referred to as the Darling Range or Darling Ranges, is a low escarpment running north–south to the east of the Swan Coastal Plain and Perth, Western Australia. The escarpment extends generally north of Bindoon, to the south of Pemberton. The adjacent Darling Plateau goes easterly to include Mount Bakewell near York and Mount Saddleback near Boddington. It was named after the Governor of New South Wales, Lieutenant-General Ralph Darling.
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia (Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1850 in St. Petersburg – 14 November 1908 in Paris) was the fifth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. Chosen for a naval career, Alexei Alexandrovich started his military training at the age of seven. By the age of 20 he had been appointed lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy and had visited all Russia's European military ports. In 1871, he was sent as a goodwill ambassador to the United States and Japan.

In 1883 he was appointed general-admiral. He had a significant contribution in the equipment of the Russian navy with new ships and in modernizing the naval ports. However, after the Russian defeat in the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, he was relieved of his command. He was viewed at the time as an incompetent and corrupt dilettante.  He died in Paris in 1908.

Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.
Lincoln sign
Lincoln sign is the medical sign consisting of excessive popliteal artery pulsation due to hemodynamic effects of aortic regurgitation. This sign is associated with Marfan syndrome, in which aortic root dilation and aortic incompetence are common features.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Chelidae
Chelidae is one of three living families of the turtle suborder Pleurodira, and are commonly called Austro-South American side-neck turtles. The family is distributed in Australia, New Guinea, parts of Indonesia, and throughout most of South America. It is a large family of turtles with a significant fossil history dating back to the Cretaceous. The family is entirely Gondwanan in origin, with no members found outside Gondwana, either in the present day or as a fossil.

Chelus
Chelus is a genus of large freshwater turtles found in tropical South America. Formerly considered to be a monotypic genus, it now consists of two extant species after Chelus orinocensis was identified in 2020 from a genetic analysis.
Karađorđe Monument, Belgrade
Karađorđe Monument (Serbian: Споменик Карађорђу, romanized: Spomenik Karađorđu) refers to either of two monuments in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The older one was built in 1913 in the Greater Kalemegdan section of the Belgrade Fortress and demolished by the occupying Austro-Hungarian forces in 1916 during World War I. The present monument was dedicated in 1979 on the Vračar plateau.

Gusle
The gusle (Serbian Cyrillic: гусле) or lahuta (Albanian: lahutë; related to English lute) is a bowed single-stringed musical instrument (and musical style) traditionally used in the Dinarides region of Southeastern Europe (in the Balkans). The instrument is always accompanied by singing; musical folklore, specifically epic poetry. The gusle player (Serbian Cyrillic: гуслар, romanized: guslar; Albanian: lahutar) holds the instrument vertically between the knees, with the left hand fingers on the string. The string is never pressed to the neck, giving a harmonic and unique sound.

On November 29, 2018, the Serbian Gusle was inscribed as a part of Serbia's intangible cultural heritage on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

On December 9, 2025, the Albanian Lahuta was inscribed on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.
Charmco, West Virginia
Charmco is an unincorporated community and coal town in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. Charmco is located at the junction of U.S. Route 60 and West Virginia Route 20, northeast of Rainelle. Charmco has a post office with ZIP code 25958. The community was named for the Charleston Milling Company.

Rainelle, West Virginia
Rainelle is a town on the western edge of Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. It sits at the base of Sewell Mountain and Sims Mountain, and is bisected by the Meadow River. The only means of transportation to and from Rainelle are roads; primarily US 60 and WV 20, which merge on the western end of the town, and the James River and Kanawha Turnpike, which enters from the south. The population was 1,190 at the 2020 census.
Amarna letter EA 86
Amarna letter EA 86 (see here ), titled: Complaint to an Official, is a somewhat moderate length clay tablet letter from Rib-Hadda of city-state Byblos (named Gubla in the letter) to Amanappa, an official at the court of the Pharaoh.

The letter has a degraded surface of the clay; it also has missing corners and part of a side. The tablet's obverse fails to yield an easy translation for the last lines of the front and bottom, lines 18-22 (ten percent of the 50-line text). And other lacunae are found throughout the translation.

EA 86 is an extremely ovate, pillow-shaped (thick) clay tablet. It is located in the British Museum, no. 29804.

Na (cuneiform)
The cuneiform na sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for na, and an alphabetic sign used for n, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. In the Epic of Gilgamesh it also has sumerogramic (capital letter (majuscule)) usage for NA. One such use of NA.GAD in the Epic (also LÚ.NA.GAD, and the plural LÚ.NA.GAD.MEŠ), for Akkadian language "nāqidu", "herdsman". The usage for NA in herdsman is only for 3 spellings.

One reason for its commodity (na is the second-most commonly found cuneiform, exceeded only by a) is due to its usage in the phrase a-na (Akkadian language "ana") -, which had a usage in English akin to: to, for, by, of, and at. It is also a component for the Akkadian language preposition: i-na (ina), meaning: in, into, by, etc..

The na sign usage from the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: na-(736 times), NA-(24).
Mihnevski Peak
Mihnevski Peak (Bulgarian: Михневски връх, romanized: Mihnevski vrah, IPA: [ˈmixnɛfski ˈvrɤx]) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 652 m in southeastern Poibrene Heights on Blagoevgrad Peninsula, Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.  It is overlooking Exasperation Inlet to the southwest.

The feature is named after Nikolay Mihnevski, meteorologist in the first Bulgarian Antarctic campaign in 1987/88.

Exasperation Inlet
Exasperation Inlet  is a large ice-filled inlet, 16 miles (26 km) wide at its entrance between Foyn Point and Cape Disappointment, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was charted in 1947 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, who so named it because the disturbed nature of the ice in the vicinity caused considerable difficulty to sledging parties.
Aspergillus wentii
Aspergillus wentii is an asexual, filamentous, endosymbiotic fungus belonging to the mold genus, Aspergillus. It is a common soil fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution, although it is primarily found in subtropical regions. Found on a variety of organic materials, A. wentii is known to colonize corn, cereals, moist grains, peanuts and other ground nut crops. It is also used in the manufacture of biodiesel from lipids and is known for its ability to produce enzymes used in the food industry.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Leonardo number
The Leonardo numbers are a sequence of numbers given by the recurrence:

Edsger W. Dijkstra used them as an integral part of his smoothsort algorithm,  and also analyzed them in some detail.

A Leonardo prime is a Leonardo number that is also prime.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.