hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juraj Dobrila
Juraj Dobrila (16 April 1812 – 13 January 1882) was a Croatian Catholic bishop and benefactor from Istria who advocated for greater national rights for South Slavic peoples, Croats and Slovenes, in Istria under Austrian rule.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Tiber Island (Washington, D.C.)
Tiber Island also known as The Island was a man-made island in Washington, D.C. formed when the Washington City Canal was dug to connect the stream beds of Tiber Creek and James Creek, creating an island out of an existing peninsula southwest of the Capitol. The canals have since been filled in, rejoining the island to the mainland. The Southwest Waterfront, Buzzard Point, National Mall, and L'Enfant Plaza areas were once on the island; at that time, their isolation from "the mainland" led to the area's colloquial nickname as "The Island."

The Tiber Island Cooperative Homes derive their name from the historic island.

Tiber Island Cooperative Homes
Tiber Island Cooperative Homes is a housing complex in the Southwest portion of Washington DC.  The 378 apartments in four nine-story towers and 21 townhouses were built in 1965 as part of a planned redevelopment of the area.   The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013 and contains the Thomas Law House, which is also listed.
National Defence Act
The National Defence Act (NDA; French: Loi sur la défense nationale; LDN) is an Act of the Parliament of Canada, which is the primary enabling legislation for organizing and funding the military of Canada. The Act created the Department of National Defence, which merged the functions of the Department of Militia and Defence with the Department of the Naval Service and the Air Board, after its passage in 1922 and its implementation on 1 January 1923. At that time, and until the passage of the National Defence Act of 1950, the Canadian army was still governed by the UK's Army Act.

Department of Militia and Defence
The Department of Militia and Defence was the government department responsible for military land forces in Canada from 1868 to 1921.

The Minister of Militia and Defence was in charge of this department.

The department was created by the Militia Act in 1868. In 1906, when the British Army withdrew its forces stationed in Canada, the department remained in place to support the Permanent Active Militia and Non-Permanent Active Militia, the names for Canadian land forces.

In 1921 the Royal Canadian Navy was transferred to the Department of Militia and Defence from the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the Naval Service.  In the same year, the department was renamed the Department of Militia and Defence and the Naval Service.  In 1922 the name of the department was changed to the Department of National Defence with the merger of the Air Board.
Paternalistic deception
Paternalistic deception is a type of deception that is ostensibly performed for the deceived individual's good by a person assuming a paternalistic role, whether they are their actual parent or not. The most used form of paternalistic deception are paternalist lies. They are told by an individual, a group, or an institution with the intent of benefitting the target lied to by sparing their feelings or preventing them from experiencing psychological harm. As they are justified by the assumption that they are in the target's best interest, they are a subset of prosocial lies. They can occur through omissions, half-truths, or white lies. Paternalistic lies can be manipulative, however their key feature involves the interference with the target's autonomy. This is induced by denying them access to accurate information and by limiting their behaviour choices. Confrontations with paternalistic lies can begin in early childhood and continue throughout an individual's life.

Deception
Deception is the act of convincing of one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the information does not. It is often done for personal gain or advantage.

Deceit and dishonesty can also form grounds for civil litigation in tort, or contract law (where it is known as misrepresentation or fraudulent misrepresentation if deliberate), or give rise to criminal prosecution for fraud.
KROD
KROD (600 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in El Paso, Texas, United States. It airs a sports format and is owned and operated by Townsquare Media. The offices and studios are located on North Mesa Street (Texas State Highway 20) in Northwest El Paso.

KROD broadcasts at 5,000 watts around the clock. At night, when radio waves travel farther, it uses a directional antenna to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 600. It is the West Texas primary entry point station for the Emergency Alert System. The transmitter is located off Dyer Street (U.S. Business Route 54) in far north El Paso.

UTEP Miners men's basketball
The UTEP Miners men's basketball team plays for the University of Texas at El Paso in El Paso, Texas. The team is an NCAA Division I men's college basketball team competing in the Conference USA. Home games are played at Don Haskins Center.
Internet Access and Training Program
The Internet Access and Training Program (IATP) funded by USAID since 2007, is a program of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA), US Department of State, funded in the past under the Freedom Support Act (FSA). IATP was administered by Project Harmony in Russia and still is administered by the International Research & Exchanges Board (IREX) in other Eurasian countries.  IATP promotes Internet training and provides Internet access in developing countries around the world.

Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the United States Department of State fosters mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries around the world. It is responsible for the United States' cultural exchange programs.

As of February 4, 2025, Darren Beattie is the senior official and acting Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs.
GWR Sharp, Roberts locomotives
The first 19 locomotives ordered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Great Western Railway included three 2-2-2 Sharp, Roberts locomotives. They were built by  Sharp, Roberts and Company and the most successful of the early designs, two lasting until the 1870s.

The original 14-by-15-inch (356 mm × 381 mm) cylinders were replaced from 1844 by larger 14-by-18-inch (356 mm × 457 mm) or 15-by-18-inch (381 mm × 457 mm) ones.

2-2-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and two trailing wheels on one axle. The wheel arrangement both provided more stability and enabled a larger firebox than the earlier 0-2-2 and 2-2-0 types. This wheel arrangement is sometimes described as a Single, although this name could be used to describe any kind of locomotive with a single pair of driving wheels.
Rabot, Tajikistan
Rabot (Russian and Tajik: Работ, Persian: رباط) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Tursunzoda in Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 13,053 (2015).

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Henry Francis Fisher
Henry Francis Fisher (in German Heinrich Franz Fischer, 1805–1867) was a German Texan. Born in Kassel, Electorate of Hesse in 1805, Fisher left the mainland in late 1833 spending a year each, in London and New York, and two years in New Orleans.  He crossed into Texas either in 1837 or early 1838, stopping in Houston, Texas, where he served as consul to the Hanseatic League (Bremen)  Texas. He became interested in the exploration and colonization of the San Saba, Texas, area and, in 1839, was acting treasurer of the San Saba Company, which was later reorganized as the San Saba Colonization Company. He played a key role in the Fisher–Miller Land Grant.  He spoke German, as well as Spanish and English, when Texas came under Mexican and U.S. rules.

Texas Germans
Texas Germans (German: Texas-Deutsche) are descendants of German Americans who settled in Texas from the 1830s. The arriving Germans tended to cluster in ethnic enclaves; most settled in a broad, fragmented belt across the south-central part of the state, where many became farmers. As of 1990, about three million Texans considered themselves German in ancestry.
Zemlja (feudal Bosnia)
Zemlja (plural: zemlje, anglicized: zemljas; Latin: terra; English: Land), was a term used in the Balkans during much of the Middle Ages as a unit in political-territorial state division, based on feudal social hierarchy, local administrative control and the feudal distribution of land. It was the largest unit of administration, which constituted a feudal state among South Slavic peoples of the Balkans at the time, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro (Zeta) and Serbia. The same term is known to be used among other Slavic nations of medieval Europe, namely Poles and Russians, who called it Zemlya, Ziemlia, or Ziemia, and although it has a similar meaning and significance it is not the same.

Podrinje
Podrinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Подриње) is the Slavic name of the Drina river basin, known in English as the Drina Valley. The Drina basin is shared between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, with majority of its territory being located in Eastern Bosnia, entire Upper Drina course and majority of the Middle course, while the Lower Drina course is shared between two countries, with the river representing border. The part of the Drina basin located in Bosnia and Herzegovina is also called Eastern Bosnia.
Banco Real
Banco Real was a Brazilian bank, owned by Spain's Banco Santander. ABN AMRO had owned the bank but in October 2007, a consortium led by Royal Bank of Scotland that also included Banco Santander and Belgium's Fortis, acquired ABN AMRO and proceeded to dismember it. Banco Santander acquired Banco Real from the consortium, together with some other ABN AMRO operations in Italy, particularly Banca Antonveneta.  Banco Santander already owned Banco Santander Brazil, which incorporated Banco do Estado de São Paulo (Banespa). Combining its existing operations with Banco Real will make Banco Santander Brazil the third largest private bank in the country, after Banco Bradesco and Itaú.

Santander has named the CEO of Banco Real to be the head of the combined group in Brazil, with the charge to unify the operations; Santander transferred the CEO of Banco Santander Brazil to Madrid, and then to New York. He is now CEO of Santander's US subsidiary, Sovereign Bank.

Santander Bank
Santander Bank, N. A. (/ˌsɑːntɑːnˈdɛər/) is an American bank operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group. It is based in Boston and its principal market is the northeastern United States. It has $57.5 billion in deposits, operates about 650 retail banking offices and over 2,000 ATMs, and employs approximately 9,800 people. It offers an array of financial services and products, including retail banking, mortgages, corporate banking, cash management, credit card, capital markets, trust and wealth management, and insurance.

Sovereign Bank changed its name to Santander Bank on October 17, 2013; the stadium, arena, and performing arts center for which it has naming rights were also rebranded.
Operation Lot
Operation Lot (Hebrew: מִבְצָע לוֹט) was an Israeli military operation during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was carried out on November 23–25, 1948, in the eastern Negev desert and the Arava.

The objective of Operation Lot was to create a ground corridor to the isolated Israeli Dead Sea enclave and assert Israeli sovereignty in the area. This became possible after the conquest of Beersheba by the Israel Defense Forces one month earlier, on October 21. The mission was accomplished without battle or firing a single shot.

The operation was carried in difficult terrain, including the Scorpions Pass. It took three days for the main force of the Negev Brigade to reach Mount Sodom, where residents of villages in the Dead Sea region had been evacuated at the beginning of the war. Additional actions were reconnaissance missions in the Arava which helped make the subsequent Operation Uvda possible, and crossing the international border into Transjordan.

Battle of Beersheba (1948)
The Battle of Beersheba, codenamed Operation Moses (Hebrew: מִבְצָע מֹשֶׁה, Mivtza Moshe), was an Israeli offensive on Beersheba on October 21, 1948. It was part of Operation Yoav and was conducted at the end of the operation. It was made possible following the opening of a land corridor from the Negev desert to the rest of Israel in the Battles of the Separation Corridor. The capture had both military and political significance. It helped sever the supply route of the Egyptian expeditionary force's eastern wing, and strengthened Israel's claim to the Negev desert.

The attack started at 04:00 on October 21, and involved the Negev Brigade and the 89th Battalion of the 8th Brigade. It ended at 09:15, when the Egyptians surrendered the town's police station.
National Geographic (Asian TV channel)
National Geographic (Nat Geo Asia, formerly NBC Asia and National Geographic Channel and also commercially abbreviated and trademarked as Nat Geo or Nat Geo TV) is a pan-Asian subscription television channel owned by Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific (through NGC Network Asia, LLC). The channel featured non-fiction, factual programming involving nature, science, culture and history, produced by the National Geographic Society, just like History and Discovery Channel.

It was launched on January 1, 1994, as NBC Asia. As of 2008, the Asian version of the original US version was available in over 56 million homes. NGC Asia has had six different channels of feeds. The channel closed in 2023–2024 as National Geographic libraries moved to the streaming platform Disney+.

National Geographic (Indian TV channel)
National Geographic (also known as Nat Geo) is an Indian pay television channel owned by the National Geographic Global Networks unit of Disney Entertainment and National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (73%) and the National Geographic Society (27%). The distribution and broadcasting within the Indian market is now managed under the JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It mainly telecasts non-fiction, documentaries involving nature, science, culture, and history, produced by the original American network It broadcasts in seven languages (English, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Bengali).

A HD version of the channel, National Geographic HD was launched on 20 February 2010.
GMHC
The GMHC (formerly Gay Men's Health Crisis) is a New York City–based non-profit, volunteer-supported and community-based AIDS service organization whose mission statement is to "end the AIDS epidemic and uplift the lives of all affected." Founded in 1982, it is often billed as the "world's oldest AIDS service organization", as well as the "nation's oldest HIV/AIDS service organization."

Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the use of medications to prevent the spread of disease in people who have not yet been exposed to a disease-causing agent. Vaccination is the most commonly used form of pre-exposure prophylaxis; other forms of pre-exposure prophylaxis generally involve drug treatment, known as chemoprophylaxis.  Examples include taking medication to prevent infection by malaria or HIV. In particular, the term PrEP is now synonymous in popular usage with the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

In general, the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis requires balancing the risks of the treatment (e.g., side effects from a drug) to healthy individuals with the risk of the disease.

It is contrasted with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is used once the patient has already been exposed to the infectious agent.
Everyman Cinema, Hampstead
The Everyman, Hampstead is a cinema, formerly a theatre, in Holly Bush Vale, Hampstead, London and is the original site of the Everyman Cinemas group.

The house opened as the Everyman Theatre in 1920, under the management of Norman MacDermott, who aimed to establish a repertory company comparable to celebrated companies in Birmingham and Dublin. He ran it until 1926, presenting classic and modern plays, but financial problems obliged him to resign. The building was taken by other managements and continued as a theatre until 1933.

In 1933 the Everyman became a cinema and apart from closure during part of the Second World War it has remained as such.

Philip Hoare
Philip Hoare (Southampton, 1958) is a British writer, film-maker and curator. He won the 2009 Samuel Johnson Prize, now known as the Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction, for his work Leviathan, or the Whale.
Solanum emulans
Solanum emulans, commonly known as eastern black nightshade, is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae. It is native to all Canadian provinces (except British Columbia) and nearly all of the United States (except the Pacific coast states and Nevada), and it has been introduced to scattered locales in Europe. There have been considerable taxonomic difficulties associated with this widespread taxon and its relatives Solanum americanum, S. nigrum, and S. villosum, all of which are in the subsection Solanum of the genus Solanum.

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum, the European black nightshade or simply black nightshade or blackberry nightshade, is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia, and South Africa. Ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales, and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine. Some other species may also be referred to as "black nightshade".

Solanum nigrum has been recorded from deposits of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic era of ancient Britain and it is suggested by the botanist and ecologist Edward Salisbury that it was part of the native flora there before Neolithic agriculture emerged. The plant was known and mentioned by ancient herbalists, including Dioscorides. In 1753, Carl Linnaeus described six varieties of Solanum nigrum in Species Plantarum.
Liga IV Galați
Liga IV Galați is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Galați County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Galați – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Galați, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
Gully of Petrushino
Gully of Petrushino (Russian: Петрушинская балка), or Gully of Death (Балка смерти from German: Todesschlucht), is a site on the outskirts of Taganrog, Russia, at which 7,000 Soviet civilians, mostly Jews, were massacred between 1941 and 1943 by the German army, with the assistance of non-German divisions, during their occupation of Taganrog.

Beriev
The PJSC Beriev Aircraft Company (Russian: Таганрогский авиационный научно-технический комплекс им. Г. М. Бериева, lit. 'Beriev Taganrog Aviation Scientific Technical Complex'), formerly Beriev Design Bureau, is a Russian aircraft manufacturer (design office prefix Be), specializing in amphibious aircraft.

The company was founded in Taganrog in 1934 as OKB-49 by Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev, and since that time has designed and produced more than 20 different models of aircraft for civilian and military purposes, as well as customized models. Today the company employs some 3000 specialists and is developing and manufacturing amphibious aircraft.

Pilots flying Beriev seaplanes have broken 228 world aviation records, which are registered and acknowledged by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.
Advanced traffic management system
The advanced traffic management system (ATMS) field is a primary subfield within the intelligent transportation system (ITS) domain, and is used in the United States. The ATMS view is a top-down management perspective that integrates technology primarily to improve the flow of vehicle traffic and improve safety. Real-time traffic data from cameras, speed sensors, etc. flows into a transportation management center (TMC) where it is integrated and processed (e.g. for incident detection), and may result in actions taken (e.g. traffic routing, DMS messages) with the goal of improving traffic flow. The National ITS Architecture defines the following primary goals and
metrics for ITS:

Increase transportation system efficiency

Enhance mobility

Improve safety

Reduce fuel consumption and environmental cost

Increase economic productivity

Create an environment for an ITS market

National ITS Architecture
The National ITS Architecture is a guideline of the United States Government, for future transportation systems. It was established in 1994 by the United States Department of Transportation.  It was funded at a cost of $20 million.  The main goal was the definition of a standard national interoperable intelligent transportation system (ITS) structure.
Kareem Roustom
Kareem Roustom (Arabic: كريم رستم) is a Syrian-American composer, music director, and university teacher, noted mainly for his compositions of contemporary classical music, film scores and his collaboration with pop music artists. Among other musical ensembles, his compositions have been performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and at festivals in the U.S., the Middle East and in Europe.

Barenboim–Said Akademie
The Barenboim–Said Akademie (German: Barenboim-Said Akademie, Arabic: أكاديمية بارنبويم-سعيد, Hebrew: אקדמיית ברנבוים-סעיד) is an academy located in Berlin, Germany, offering bachelor's degrees and Artist Diploma certificates in music; it opened on 8 December 2016. It was co-founded by the conductor and pianist Daniel Barenboim and the literary theorist Edward Said. The academy was financed to a capacity of 90 young musicians, with an admissions focus on the Middle East and North Africa, in the spirit of the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra. The academy features a concert hall for chamber music, the Pierre Boulez Saal.