hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marles steering gear
Marles steering gear was an hour-glass-and-roller steering gear for mechanically propelled vehicles invented by British inventor and businessman Henry Marles (1871-1955) who also gave his name to his joint-venture Ransome & Marles a major British ball-bearing manufacturer.  Aside from ease of use Marles' steering's great appeal to drivers was its lack of backlash.

Invented in 1913 it became common from the 1920s until the mid 1950s. In USA when power-steering becoming popular in the 1950s it was mainly replaced by worm and recirculating-ball nut steering —which incorporated ball-bearings. In Europe Marles' design was replaced by a general move to rack-and-pinion steering gear.

Recirculating ball
Recirculating ball, also known as recirculating ball and nut or worm and sector, is a ball screw steering mechanism commonly found in older automobiles, off-road vehicles, and some trucks.  Most newer cars use the more economical rack and pinion steering instead, but some upmarket manufacturers (such as BMW and Mercedes-Benz) held on to the design until well into the 1990s for the durability and strength inherent in the design. A few, including Chrysler, General Motors, Lada and Ineos, still use this technology in certain models including the Jeep Wrangler, the Ineos Grenadier Quartermaster and the Lada Niva.
Classical kemençe
The classical kemenche (Turkish: Klasik kemençe), Armudî kemençe ('pear-shaped kemenche') or Politiki lyra (Greek: πολίτικη λύρα, 'Constantinopolitan lyre') is a pear-shaped bowed instrument with three strings that derives from the medieval Greek Byzantine lyre.

It was mainly used by Greek immigrants from Asia Minor and in classical Ottoman music. The instrument was also used earlier for popular music, such as early "Smyrna-Style" rebetiko and continues to be played in the present day. It has become the main bowed instrument of Ottoman classical music since the mid 19th century.

Kamancheh
The kamancheh is an Iranian bowed string instrument used in Persian, Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kurdish, Georgian, Turkmen, and Uzbek music with slight variations in the structure of the instrument.

The kamancheh is related to the rebab which is the historical ancestor of the kamancheh and the bowed Byzantine lyra. The strings are played with a variable-tension bow.

In 2017, the art of crafting and playing with Kamantcheh/Kamancha was included into the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists of Iran and Azerbaijan.
Brachychiton viscidulus
Brachychiton viscidulus is a plant in the Malvaceae family, native to Western Australia.

It was first described by William Vincent Fitzgerald in 1906 as Sterculia viscidula, but was transferred to the Brachychiton genus in 1989 by Gordon P. Guymer to become Brachychiton viscidulus.

B. viscidulus is a tree with pink-red to orange flowers which grows to heights of 2m  to 8m, which flowers from April to January. It grows on clays, on skeletal soils over many different types of rocks, and is found on rocky slopes, gorges scarps.

Brachychiton
Brachychiton (kurrajong, bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species) and New Guinea (one species). Fossils from New South Wales and New Zealand are estimated to be 50 million years old, corresponding to the Paleogene.
Eurasia Party
The Eurasia Party (Russian: Партия «Евразия», romanized: Partiya «Yevraziya») is a neo-Eurasianist Russian political party. It was registered by the Ministry of Justice on 21 June 2002, approximately one year after the pan-Russian Eurasia Movement was established by Aleksandr Dugin.

The Fourth Political Theory
The Fourth Political Theory is a book by the Russian philosopher and political analyst Aleksandr Dugin, first published in 2009. In the book, Dugin states that he is claiming the foundations for an entirely new political ideology, the fourth political theory, which integrates and supersedes liberal democracy, Marxism, and fascism. In this theory, the main subject of politics is not individualism, class struggle, or nation, but rather Dasein (existence itself).
ISO 3166-2:IO
ISO 3166-2:IO is the entry for the British Indian Ocean Territory in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for the British Indian Ocean Territory. The territory has no defined subdivisions.

The British Indian Ocean Territory is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code IO. Diego Garcia, its largest island, is exceptionally reserved the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code DG on the request of the International Telecommunication Union.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Ciociaria in cinematography
In Italian literature, some folkloric words like Ciociaria and ciociari are used to denote people, film settings, and characters in Italian neorealist works.

Many writers say they found poetical inspiration in lands south of Rome thanks to diverse local traditions, ancient rural landscapes and provincialism. Those characters belong to a geographical region between Tevere and Garigliano, where artists such as Alberto Moravia, Elsa Morante, Cesare Zavattini, Cesare Pascarella, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Giuseppe De Santis, and Vittorio De Sica lived, producing novels and movies.

Two Women
Two Women (Italian: La ciociara [la tʃoˈtʃaːra], rough literal translation "The Woman from Ciociaria") is a 1960 war drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica from a screenplay he co-wrote with Cesare Zavattini, based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Alberto Moravia. The film stars Sophia Loren, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Eleonora Brown and Raf Vallone. It tells the story of a woman trying to protect her young daughter from the horrors of war. The story is fictional but based on actual events of 1944 in Rome and rural Lazio, during the Marocchinate.

Loren's performance received critical acclaim, earning her the 1961 Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first Italian actress to win for Best Actress in an Italian-language film as well as the first individual to win for a foreign-language performance.
Chichibu Railway Class DeKi 200
The Chichibu Railway Class DeKi 200 (秩父鉄道デキ200形) is a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement DC electric locomotive type operated by the private railway operator Chichibu Railway in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, since 1963.

As of 1 April 2014, one (DeKi 201) out of the original three locomotives is in operation. The locomotive is painted in a brown livery with gold lining, and is primarily used as an assisting locomotive on steam-hauled SL Paleo Express services and on empty stock movements.

Bo-Bo
Bo-Bo (Commonwealth), Bo′Bo′ (UIC), or B-B (AAR) is a wheel arrangement classification for railway locomotives with four powered axles mounted in two bogies. Each bogie has two axles, both of which are powered. This configuration is one of the most common arrangements for modern electric and diesel locomotives.
March 2021 United Kingdom budget
The March 2021 United Kingdom budget, officially known as Protecting the Jobs and Livelihoods of the British People was a budget delivered by Rishi Sunak, the Chancellor of the Exchequer in March 2021. It was expected to be delivered in autumn 2020, but was postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It succeeds the budget held in March 2020, and the summer statement and Winter Economy Plan held in summer and autumn 2020, respectively. The budget is the second under Boris Johnson's government, also the second to be delivered by Sunak and the second since Britain's withdrawal from the European Union. The budget was the first for government expenditure in the United Kingdom to exceed £1 trillion.

It was confirmed on the previous day that the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and the Self Employment Income Support Scheme had been extended to 30 September 2021.

Deficit spending
Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. A central point of controversy in economics, government deficit spending was first identified as a necessary economic tool by John Maynard Keynes in the wake of the Great Depression.
District Council of Kimba
The District Council of Kimba is a local government area located on the northern Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. The district is mostly agricultural in nature, with the township of Kimba being the focal point of the district. With a number of towns positioned close to the Gawler Ranges, the district receives a modest amount of attention from tourists, who also stop by to see Kimba's Big Galah.

Gawler Ranges
The Gawler Ranges are a range of stoney hills in South Australia to the north of the Eyre Peninsula. The Eyre Highway skirts the south of the ranges. The Gawler Ranges National Park is in the ranges north of Kimba and Wudinna. The ranges are covered by the Gawler Ranges Native Title Claim.
David D. Nolte
David D. Nolte is an American physicist working in semiconductors, nonlinear optics and interferometry. He holds the position of Edward Mills Purcell Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Purdue University.

Edward Mills Purcell
Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 – March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared  the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (published 1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become widely used to study the molecular structure of pure materials and the composition of mixtures. Friends and colleagues knew him as Ed Purcell.
2012 Los Angeles Angels season
The 2012 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim season was the franchise's 52nd season and 47th in Anaheim (all of them at Angel Stadium of Anaheim). The Angels would miss the playoffs for the third straight season, finishing third in the American League West at 89–73.

2012 Seattle Mariners season
The 2012 Seattle Mariners season was the 36th season in franchise history. The Mariners played their 13th full season (14th overall) at Safeco Field and finished with a record of 75–87, fourth place in the American League West.
Ugyen Ugyen
Ugyen Ugyen (born 2 June 1974) is an archer who represented Bhutan internationally.

Ugyen competed for Bhutan in the women's individual event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta; she finished 60th in the ranking round before being beaten by Olena Sadovnycha from Ukraine in the next round.

Olena Sadovnycha
Olena Anatoliïvna Sadovnycha (Ukrainian: Олена Анатоліївна Садовнича; born November 4, 1967) is an archer from Ukraine who competed in the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics.

In Atlanta, she won the bronze medal in the individual event. Four years later she won the silver medal as part of the Ukrainian team.
Emil Byk
Emil Byk (born 14 January 1845 at Janów (now Ukrainian: Dolyna), near Trembowla (Ukrainian: Теребовля), in Austrian Galicia (now Terebovlia, Ukraine) – 1906) was a Polish-Austrian-Jewish lawyer and deputy.

In 1885 he was chosen the chairman of the charity committee of the Cultusrath (German: Kultusrat, Board of Education) of Lemberg, and in 1902 became president of the Jewish community there. In 1890, he was a "Stadtverordneter" and president of the Shomer Israel Society. In 1891, he was elected to represent Brody and Zolochiv in the Reichsrat.

Some of his more important speeches in that body were:

an address in 1893 against Prince Liechtenstein on the establishment of a Jewish theological seminary.

an address on 4 May 1898 against the proposition that the sittings of the committee to consider the charges against ex-Prime Minister Kazimierz F. Graf Badeni should be public

1898 address on the "Ausnahmeszustand" (state of emergency) in Galicia, which was very well received.

Count Kasimir Felix Badeni
Count Kasimir Felix Badeni (German: Kasimir Felix Graf von Badeni; Polish: Kazimierz Feliks hrabia Badeni; 14 October 1846 – 9 July 1909), a member of the Polish noble House of Badeni, was an Austrian statesman, who served as Minister-President of Cisleithania from 1895 until 1897.

Many people in Austria, especially Emperor Franz Joseph, had placed great hope in Badeni's efforts to reform the electoral system and the language legislation in order to solve some fundamental problems of the multinational state, which eventually failed.
Zé Maria (footballer, born 1973)
José Marcelo Ferreira (born 25 July 1973), commonly known as Zé Maria, is a retired Brazilian football player turned coach.

Known for his pin-point crosses, he could play either as a right back or right midfielder, and played the vast majority of his professional career, other than in his country, in Italy's Serie A, where he represented three teams, mainly Perugia.

FIFA Confederations Cup
The FIFA Confederations Cup was an international association football tournament for men's national teams, held every four years by FIFA. It was contested by the holders of each of the six continental championships (AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, and UEFA), along with the current FIFA World Cup holder and the host nation, to bring the number of teams up to eight.

Between 2001 and 2017 (with an exception in 2003), the tournament was held in the country that would host the World Cup the following year, acting as a test event for the larger tournament.

The last champions were Germany, who won the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup by defeating Chile 1–0 in the final to win their first title.

In March 2019, FIFA confirmed that the tournament would no longer be staged, with its slot replaced by an expansion of the FIFA Club World Cup, as well as the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup, as a prelude to the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Sushil Bhattacharya
Sushil Bhattacharya (Bengali: সুশীল ভট্টাচার্য; 1924 – 18 July 2015) was an Indian professional football player and coach, who is credited for becoming the first manager of the India women's national football team. He was also the first head coach in history of East Bengal Club.

1980 AFC Women's Championship
The 1980 AFC Women's Championship was the 3rd edition of the AFC Women's Championship (now the AFC Women's Asian Cup). The tournament was hosted by India (with two teams India N and India S) and was the first time the competition was held in South Asia. It was originally scheduled to be held in 1979, but was eventually held between 11 and 20 January 1980. All matches were played at the EMS Stadium in Calicut (now Kozhikode), Kerala.

The tournament was won by the Republic of China (Taiwan) for the second time.
Padul
Padul is a municipality of south-eastern Spain, in the province of Granada, within the comarca of el Valle de Lecrín. The population in 2008 was 8,440 inhabitants. This town is situated 13 km at the south of the city of Granada. Its altitude is 744 meters above the sea level.

Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any of a small set of words or affixes (such as a, an, and the in English) used with nouns to limit or give definiteness to the application. The category of articles constitutes a part of speech.

Articles combine with nouns to form noun phrases, and typically specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun phrase. In English, the and a (rendered as an when followed by a vowel sound) are the definite and indefinite articles respectively. Articles in many other languages also carry additional grammatical information such as gender, number, and case. Articles are part of a broader category called determiners, which also include demonstratives, possessive determiners, and quantifiers. In linguistic interlinear glossing, articles are abbreviated as ART.
Manuel Yrigoyen Arias
Manuel Irigoyen Arias y Larrea (March 31, 1829 – June 5, 1912) was a Peruvian lawyer, diplomat, historian, academic and politician. He graduated from the National University of San Marcos and served on its faculty. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Peru and Senate of Peru. He served as minister of foreign affairs and economy and finance (1886-1887) in the Government of Peru, also serving as Ambassador to Belgium from 1861 to 1865, to Ambassador to Brazil from 1874 to 1877 and to Uruguay on two occasions. He was three times Prime Minister of Peru (December 1878 – May 1879, February–August 1890, November 1894 – March 20, 1895). He served as the President of the Senate from 1905 to 1906 and of the National Club (1901-1902).

President of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
The President of the Congress of the Republic of Peru is the presiding officer in the Congress of the Republic of Peru. 
This is a list of representatives that have served as Presidents of the Peruvian legislature. The Constitution of 1993 re-arranged Congress into a unicameral legislature. The President is elected for a one-year term.
Kusagaki islets
The Kusagaki islets are a group of small islands with a collective land area of about 50 ha. They lie in the Ōsumi group of the Satsunan Islands in the northern Nansei or Ryukyu archipelago of Japan. They have been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support seabird colonies, containing a minimum of 10,000 pairs of streaked shearwaters.

Satsunan Islands
The Satsunan Islands (薩南諸島, Satsunan-shotō) is a geopolitical name for a group of islands that forms the northern part of the Ryukyu Islands. The whole island group belongs to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
Yame Kofun Cluster
The Yame Kofun cluster (八女古墳群, Yame Kofun-gun) is a group of kofun burial mounds located in the Yame hills, across the towns of Yame, Hirokawa, Chikugo, Fukuoka, Japan. The Noriba Kofun was designated a National Historic Site in 1922, followed by the Iwatoyama, Ishijinyama, Zenzōzuka, and Kōgadani Kofun on an individual basis. These five separate National Historic Sites were merged into a single site in 1978, and the Maruyamazuka, Maruyama, and Chausuzuka Kofun were added to the protected area.

Chikugo, Fukuoka
Chikugo (筑後市, Chikugo-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 49,259 in 20980 households, and a  population density of 1200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 41.78 km2 (16.13 sq mi).
1946 National League tie-breaker series
The 1946 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series that extended Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1946 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played on October 1 and October 3, 1946, between the St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Dodgers. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 96–58. This was the first ever tie-breaker series in MLB history.  The Cardinals won the regular season series, 16–8.

The first game took place at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, and the second, at Brooklyn's Ebbets Field. The Cardinals swept the Dodgers behind wins from pitchers Howie Pollet and Murry Dickson, thus advancing to the 1946 World Series in which they defeated the Boston Red Sox, four games to three. In baseball statistics, the tie-breaker series counted as the 155th and 156th regular season games by both teams, with all events in the games added to regular season statistics.

Ebbets Field
Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball stadium in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York. It is mainly known for having been the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team of the National League (1913–1957). It was also home to Negro league baseball's Brooklyn Eagles of the Negro National League II and to six gridiron football teams, five of which were professional and one of which was collegiate. The professional football teams consisted of three NFL teams (1921–1948), one AFL team (1936), and one AAFC team (1946–1948); Long Island University's football team (whose nickname was the "blackbirds" at the time) used Ebbets Field in 1939 and 1940. The stadium was demolished in 1960 and replaced by the Ebbets Field Apartments, the site's current occupant. It was located east of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Washington Avenue, north of Empire Boulevard, west of Bedford Avenue.
Catalonia men's national roller hockey team
The Catalonia men's national roller hockey team is the national team of Catalonia in international roller hockey. Nowadays it's not officially recognized by International Roller Sports Federation (FIRS).

2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship
The 2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship was the 36th edition of the Rink Hockey B World Championship, held from October 16 to 23, in Macau.

The champion was Catalonia, that had obtained a FIRS provisional membership few months before the tournament. However, FIRS did not endorse final acceptance of Catalonia for subsequent editions, being a sporting scandal known as the Fresno Case.
Augustalis (bishop)
Augustalis (fl. 441-442) was the first bishop of Toulon, according to some authorities. He was appointed in 441. He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following. He is associated with the civitas of Arles (ancient Arelate) by the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, which honors him on September 7. He is also named by the Martyrologium romanum on that day, with his location noted as in Gallia. An Augustalis, most likely this man, appears among a group of bishops addressed by Pope Leo I in letters dated 22 August 449 and 5 May 450, the latter of which addresses issues of jurisdiction between Arles and Vienne.

Epact
The epact (Latin: epactae, from Ancient Greek: ἐπακται ἡμεραι (epaktai hēmerai) = added days) used to be described by medieval computists as the age of a phase of the Moon in days on 22 March; in the newer Gregorian calendar, however, the epact is reckoned as the age of the ecclesiastical moon on 1 January. Its principal use is in determining the date of Easter by computistical methods. It varies (usually by 11 days) from year to year, because of the difference between the solar year of 365–366 days and the lunar year of 354–355 days.
Pheophorbide
Pheophorbide or phaeophorbide is a product of chlorophyll breakdown and a derivative of pheophytin where both the central magnesium has been removed and the phytol tail has been hydrolyzed. It is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy.

Pheophorbide may be generated by digestion of ingested plant matter. Both worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) and mouse mitochondria are able to use the molecule in a form of ad hoc photoheterotrophy.

Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).

PDT is used in treating acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, and herpes. It is used to treat malignant cancers, including head and neck, lung, bladder and skin.

Advantages lessen the need for delicate surgery and lengthy recuperation and minimal formation of scar tissue and disfigurement. A side effect is the associated photosensitisation of skin tissue.