hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia; French: Royaume d'Italie) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) that was a client state of Napoleon's French Empire. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. Its government was assumed by Napoleon as King of Italy and the viceroyalty delegated to his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais. It covered some of Piedmont and the modern regions of Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino, South Tyrol, and Marche. Napoleon I also ruled the rest of northern and central Italy in the form of Nice, Aosta, Piedmont, Liguria, Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, but directly as part of the French Empire (as departments), rather than as part of a vassal state.

At its peak, the kingdom covered 84,000 square kilometers and had a population of 6.5 million.

Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars
The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801) were a series of conflicts fought principally in Northern Italy between the French Revolutionary Army and a Coalition of Austria, Russia, Piedmont-Sardinia, and a number of other Italian states.

The campaign of 1796-1797 brought prominence to Napoleon Bonaparte, a young, largely unknown commander, who led French forces to victory over numerically superior Austrian and Sardinian armies.
Legs (Chinese constellation)
The Legs mansion (奎宿, pinyin: Kuí Xiù) is one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions of the Chinese constellations.  It is one of the western mansions of the White Tiger.

The constellation Kui within the lunar mansion consists of 16 stars in the Western constellations Andromeda and Pisces. An older name of the constellation, dating back to the Neolithic, was Tianshi (天豕), the Celestial Pig, with Zeta Andromedae as the pig's eye. Zeta Andromedae was originally the determinative star of Kui, but this became Eta Andromedae during the Qing dynasty.

White Tiger (mythology)
The White Tiger (Chinese: 白虎; pinyin: Báihǔ), is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. It is sometimes called the White Tiger of the West (西方白虎; Xīfāng Báihǔ). It represents the west in terms of direction and the autumn season.

It is known as Byakko in Japanese, Baekho in Korean, and Bạch Hổ in Vietnamese.
Chen Dao
Chen Dao (fl. 190s–230s), courtesy name Shuzhi, was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, in the late Eastern Han dynasty.

Chen Shou
Chen Shou (Chinese: 陳壽; 233–297), courtesy name Chengzuo (承祚), was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer who lived during the Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. Chen Shou is best known for his most celebrated work, the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), which records the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. Chen Shou wrote the Sanguozhi primarily in the form of biographies of notable persons of those eras. Today, Chen's Records of the Three Kingdoms is part of the Twenty-Four Histories canon of Chinese history.
HD 182681
HD 182681 (186 G. Sagittarii) is a single, blue-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.64, which is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye in good conditions. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 14.0013 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located around 233 light years from the Sun. It is moving away from the Sun with a radial velocity of 1.40 km/s.

This is a B-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of B8.5V. The star is about 107 million years old and is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 277 km/s. It has an infrared excess, which suggests a debris disk is orbiting the star at a radius of 47 AU with a mean temperature of 90 K.

Sagittarius (constellation)
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.

The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Mussorgskij (crater)
Mussorgskij is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Mussorgskij is named for the Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky, who lived from 1839 to 1881.   The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

There are irregular depressions at the center of Mussorgskij, which are similar to those within Navoi, Lermontov, Scarlatti, and Praxiteles.  The depressions resemble those associated with volcanic explosions.

Lermontov (crater)
Lermontov is an impact crater on the planet Mercury.  The crater is named after Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, a 19th-century Russian poet. The name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1976.

The crater floor is somewhat brighter than the exterior surface and is smooth with several irregularly shaped depressions. Such features, similar to those found on the floor of Praxiteles, may be evidence of past explosive volcanic activity on the crater floor.  Lermontov appears reddish in enhanced-color views, suggesting that it has a different composition from the surrounding surface.

To the north of Lermontov are Proust and Bek craters.  To the south is Chaikovskij, and to the southwest is Giotto.
State Highway 95 (New Zealand)
State Highway 95 is a New Zealand state highway connecting the town of Manapouri with Te Anau at State Highway 94. The highway is a major tourist road and skirts the eastern border of Fiordland National Park between Lake Te Anau and Lake Manapouri. The entire length of the road lies on the Southern Scenic Route between Queenstown and Dunedin via Invercargill. The road itself is largely flat and passes through agricultural land, but affords views of the scenic mountain ranges of Fiordland.

Te Anau
Te Anau is a town in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. In Māori, Te-Anau means the Place of the Swirling Waters. It is on the eastern shore of Lake Te Anau in Fiordland. Te Anau is 155 kilometres north of  Invercargill and 171 kilometres  to the southwest of Queenstown (via state highway 6). Manapouri lies 21 kilometres to the south. Te Anau lies at the southern end of the Milford Road, (State Highway 94) 117 kilometres to the south of Milford Sound.
Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Murthal, formerly Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, is a public engineering institution located in Murthal in Sonipat district of Haryana in India. Established in 2017, inaugurated by Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar It spread over 10 acre land in the campus of Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal.

Sonipat district
Sonipat district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. Sonipat town is the district headquarters. It is a part of National Capital Region. It is bordered by Delhi, Panipat, Rohtak, Jind, Jhajjar and Baghpat (Uttar Pradesh).

The district borders union territory of Delhi in south, Panipat District in the north, Jind District in the north-west, Uttar Pradesh state in the east with the Yamuna River acting as a border and Rohtak District in the west.
PDP-8
The PDP-8 is a family of 12-bit minicomputers that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Launched in 1965, it was the first minicomputer to sell for under $20,000, and the $25,000 mark for a complete system would later be a defining characteristic of the minicomputer class. Over 50,000 units were sold during the model's lifetime.

Its basic design follows the pioneering LINC but has a smaller instruction set, which is an expanded version of the PDP-5 instruction set. To lower the cost of implementation, the system leaves out a number of commonly used functions which have to be written using combinations of other instructions. This leads to complex programs.

The PDP-12 is an offshoot of the PDP-8 with a processor that can run programs for the PDP-8 and LINC systems. The successor to the PDP-8 line is the PDP-11, which featured a much more complete instruction set and was not backward compatible.

Bitwise operation
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most architectures provide only a few high value bitwise operations, presented as two-operand instructions where the result replaces one of the input operands.

On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources.
2016 SportsCar Grand Prix
The 2016 Mobil 1 SportsCar Grand Prix was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) held at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park near Bowmanville, Ontario on July 10, 2016.  The race was the seventh round of the 2016 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and the event marked the 31st IMSA sanctioned sports car race held at the facility.

LM GTE
Grand Touring Endurance, shortened to GTE, was a set of regulations maintained by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and IMSA for grand tourer racing cars used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 hours of Daytona GTLM, and its associated series. The class was formerly known as simply Group GT (Group N-GT in the FIA GT Championship) between 1999 and 2004, and later referred to as Group GT2 between 2005 and 2010. The GT2 name has since been revived for a different set of regulations.
Okotoks Oilers
The Okotoks Oilers are a junior A ice hockey team in the BCHL based in Okotoks, Alberta. The team plays its home games at the Viking Rentals Centre. The team joined the BCHL on February 1, 2024 after defecting from the AJHL along with four other Alberta-based teams.

Okotoks
Okotoks (/ˈoʊkətoʊks/ OH-kə-tohks, originally /ˈɒkətɒks/ OK-ə-toks) is a town in the Calgary Region of Alberta, Canada. It is on the Sheep River, approximately 38 km (24 mi) south of Downtown Calgary. Okotoks has emerged as a bedroom community of Calgary. According to the 2021 Federal Census, the town has a population of 30,214, making it one of the largest towns in Alberta.
Mansha Pasha
Mansha Pasha (Urdu: منشا پاشا; born 19 October 1987) is a Pakistani actress and television presenter. She is known for her supporting roles in several critically and commercially successful television series, including Shehr-e-Zaat (2012), Madiha Maliha (2012), Zindagi Gulzar Hai (2013), Virasat (GEO) (2013) and Mera Naam Yusuf Hai (2015). She played Zoya in ARY Digital's comedy series Aangan (2017). Pasha made her debut in films with the romantic comedy Chalay Thay Saath (2017), and gained critical success with the crime thriller Laal Kabootar (2019) which earned her nomination for Best Actress at Pakistan International Screen Awards. She is also the recipient of the Hum Award.

Hum TV
Hum TV HD is a 24-hour Urdu general entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Sultana Siddiqui and Duraid Qureshi in 2005.

It is owned by Hum Network Limited and traded on the Pakistan Stock Exchange as (HUMNL).

Hum Network Limited was known as Eye Television Network Limited prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005. In March 2013, Hum Network held its first Hum Awards ceremony. As of 1 May 2018, Hum TV shut down its SD feed and shifted to HD resolution in Pakistan.

Hum TV is one of Pakistan's biggest entertainment networks and regularly is in the  top ranks and maintains a loyal fanbase on social media in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and streaming platforms, as well as on television.
1979 U.S. Clay Court Championships
The 1979 U.S. Clay Court Championships was a men's Grand Prix and women's Colgate Series tennis tournament. The event was held for the first time at the newly built Indianapolis Sports Center in Indianapolis in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament in the Open Era and was held in from August 6 through August 12, 1979. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the men's singles title and the $25,000 first-prize money. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd claimed the women's singles title and $20,000 first-prize money.

1979 WTA Tour
The 1979 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Avon Championships Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the US) and the remaining world wide Colgate Series Circuit. The year 1979 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.
Stroe, Gelderland
Stroe is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Barneveld, between the towns of Barneveld and Apeldoorn.

Stroe is located on the railway line between these two towns, but the railway station closed in 1944.

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
Marc LaBelle
Marc LaBelle (born December 20, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played 9 games in the National Hockey League with the Dallas Stars during the 1996–97 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1990 to 2000, was spent in the minor leagues.

Cincinnati Cyclones
The Cincinnati Cyclones are a professional minor league ice hockey team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The team is a member of the ECHL. Originally established in 1990, the team first played their games in the Cincinnati Gardens and now play at Heritage Bank Center.

Cincinnati has fielded Cyclones teams with three separate franchises in two different leagues: the International Hockey League (1992–2001) and the ECHL (1990–1992, 2001–2004, 2006–present). Together, the franchises have combined to win two Kelly Cups (2008 and 2010), three conference championships (2008, 2010 and 2014), two overall points championships (2008 and 2019), and six division championships (1996, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2019 and 2023). In 2007–08, the team had the most successful season in ECHL history with 55 wins, 115 points, and its first conference and league championships.
Zhaotongaspis
Zhaotongaspis is an extinct genus of polybranchiaspididan galeaspid jawless fish from Yunnan, China and is the namesake of the family Zhaotongaspidae. Its fossils are only known from the Posongchong Formation, which dates to the early Devonian. The fish is most well known for having one of the largest branchial fossae count of any vertebrate with estimates placing the total as between 35-40 fossae. There is currently only one species assigned to the genus: Z. janvieri.

Galeaspida
Galeaspida (from Latin, 'Helmet shields') is an extinct taxon of jawless marine and freshwater fish. The name is derived from galea, the Latin word for helmet, and refers to their massive bone shield on the head. Galeaspida lived in shallow, fresh water and marine environments during the Silurian and Devonian times (430 to 370 million years ago) in what is now Southern China, Tibet and Vietnam. Superficially, their morphology appears more similar to that of Heterostraci than Osteostraci, there being currently no evidence that the galeaspids had paired fins. A galeaspid Tujiaaspis vividus from the Silurian period of China was described in 2022 as having a precursor condition to the form of paired fins seen in Osteostraci and gnathostomes. Earlier than this, Galeaspida were already in fact regarded as being more closely related to Osteostraci, based on the closer similarity of the morphology of the braincase.
Newtown Historic District (Newtown, Pennsylvania)
The Newtown Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It includes 293 contributing buildings in the borough of Newtown, which date from the late-17th century to the early-20th century and are reflective of a number of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Late Victorian, Federal, Queen Anne, and Gothic Revival. Notable buildings include the Chapman Buckman House and mill, Hart House, Newtown Hardware House, Keller Building, Jenks House (1828), White Hall Hotel, Temperance House (1774), Smock House (1792), the Brick Hotel, St. Luke's Church, LaRue Apartments (1838), and the Edward Hicks House.  Located in the district and listed separately are the Half-Moon Inn and Friends Meeting House.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, with two boundary increases in 1986.

Newtown Friends Meetinghouse and Cemetery
Newtown Friends Meetinghouse and Cemetery is a historic Quaker meetinghouse and cemetery in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1817, and is a two-story, stuccoed stone building with a gable roof.  It measures 60 feet by 40 feet, 6 bays long and 3 bays deep.  A one-story porch was added in 1866, and the second floor was added in 1900.  Also on the property is a contributing horse shed, built in 1819.  Adjacent to the meeting house is a contributing cemetery.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
Multiple-image Network Graphics
Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG) is a graphics file format published in 2001 for animated images. Its specification is publicly documented and there are free software reference implementations available.

MNG is closely related to the PNG image format. When PNG development started in early 1995, developers decided not to incorporate support for animation, because the majority of the PNG developers felt that overloading a single file type with both still and animation features is a bad design, both for users (who have no simple way of determining to which class a given image file belongs) and for web servers (which should use a MIME type starting with image/ for stills and video/ for animations—GIF notwithstanding), but work soon started on MNG as an animation-supporting version of PNG. Version 1.0 of the MNG specification was released on 31 January 2001.

SVG
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.

SVG images are defined in a vector graphics format and stored in XML text files. SVG images can thus be scaled in size without loss of quality, and SVG files can be searched, indexed, scripted, and compressed. The XML text files can be created and edited with text editors or vector graphics editors, and are rendered by most web browsers. SVG can include JavaScript, potentially leading to cross-site scripting.
Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay
The Razzie Award for Worst Screenplay is an award presented at the annual Golden Raspberry Awards for the worst film screenplay of the past year. The following is a list of nominees and recipients of that award, including each screenplay's author(s).

Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless
Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless are American writers best known for writing films together. After box office successes like Dracula Untold (2014) and The Last Witch Hunter (2015), Sazama and Sharpless wrote Gods of Egypt (2016), Morbius (2022) and Madame Web (2024), all of which became box office bombs and received negative reception from critics. The duo also wrote a reboot of Lost in Space for Netflix, which contrary to their other work, has been well-received.
Black Alley
Black Alley (1996) is a novel by American author Mickey Spillane, the 13th featuring New York City private investigator Mike Hammer and the final one completed before Spillane's death in July 2006.

Following the author's demise, the first of "five substantial Mike Hammer manuscripts," The Goliath Bone, was completed by his friend and colleague Max Allan Collins and published in 2008. Additional books based on Spillane's unfinished manuscripts have since been released, including Lady, Go Die! (2012), Complex 90 (2013) and King of the Weeds (2014). King of the Weeds is a direct sequel to Black Alley.

The Goliath Bone
The Goliath Bone is the 14th entry in the Mike Hammer series by American crime novelist Mickey Spillane, first published on October 13, 2008. Spillane died in 2006, so the novel completed by Max Allan Collins. The Goliath Bone is one of three almost-finished Mike Hammer novels that Spillane entrusted Collins to finish before his death in 2006.
Musrara
Musrara (Arabic: مصرارة, Hebrew: מוסררה, also known by its Hebrew name, Morasha, מורשה‎) is a formerly Ottoman neighborhood in what is now West Jerusalem. It is bordered by the Israeli neighborhoods of Mea Shearim and Beit Yisrael to the north, by the Russian Compound and Kikar Safra to the west, and by Mamilla mall to the south, and the Old City to the east.

Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century
The expansion of Jerusalem outside of the Old City walls, which included shifting the city center to the new neighborhoods, started in the mid-19th century and by the early 20th century had entirely transformed the city. Prior to the 19th century, the main built up areas outside the walls were the complex around King David's Tomb on the southern Mount Zion, and the village of Silwan.

In the mid-19th century, with an area of only one square kilometer, the Old City had become overcrowded and unsanitary, with rental prices on a constant rise. In the mid-1850s, following the Crimean War, institutions including the Russian Compound, Kerem Avraham, the Schneller Orphanage, Bishop Gobat school and the Mishkenot Sha'ananim compound, marked the beginning of permanent settlement outside Jerusalem's Old City walls.
Akim Abuakwa North (Ghana parliament constituency)
Akim Abuakwa North is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It was created out of the Abuakwa constituency in 2004. As a constituency it elects one member of parliament who represents the constituents at parliament. The constituency is located in the Abuakwa North Municipal District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Its administrative capital is Kibi.

Gifty Twum-Ampofo
Gifty Twum-Ampofo (born 11 June 1967) is a Ghanaian politician and a former Member of Parliament of the New Patriotic Party. She is a former Member of Parliament for  Abuakwa North constituency in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Ampofo is the deputy minister for Gender, Children and Social Protection in Ghana.