hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plücker coordinates
In geometry, Plücker coordinates, introduced by Julius Plücker in the 19th century, are a way to assign six homogeneous coordinates to each line in projective 3-space, ⁠⁠. Because they satisfy a quadratic constraint, they establish a one-to-one correspondence between the 4-dimensional space of lines in ⁠⁠ and points on a quadric in ⁠⁠ (projective 5-space). A predecessor and special case of Grassmann coordinates (which describe k-dimensional linear subspaces, or flats, in an n-dimensional Euclidean space), Plücker coordinates arise naturally in geometric algebra. They have proved useful for computer graphics, and also can be extended to coordinates for the screws and wrenches in the theory of kinematics used for robot control.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
Tuo River (Hunan)
Tuo River (Chinese: 沱江; pinyin: Tuó Jiāng) is a tributary of the Wu River in Fenghuang County, Hunan, China. It is 131 kilometres (81 mi) long and drains an area of 981 square kilometres (379 sq mi). It rises in La'ershan Town of western Fenghuang County, and flows generally north, passing through Luxi County and Jishou and joining the Wu River in Hexi Town.

Fenghuang County
Fenghuang County (simplified Chinese: 凤凰县; traditional Chinese: 鳳凰縣; pinyin: Fènghuáng Xiàn), named after the mythological birds Fenghuang, is a county of Hunan Province, China, under the administration of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.

Located on the western margin of the province and the southern Xiangxi, it is immediately adjacent to the eastern edge of Guizhou Province. The county is bordered to the north by Huayuan County and Jishou City, to the east by Luxi County, to the southeast by Mayang County, and to the southwest and the west by Bijiang District of Tongren City and Songtao County of Guizhou. Fenghuang County covers an area of 1,745 km2 (674 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 428,294 and a resident population of 363,700. The county has 13 towns and four townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Tuojiang (沱江镇).
Pura Purani T'uxu
Pura Purani T'uxu or Pura Purani Tuqu (Aymara pura pura Xenophyllum (or a species of it), -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the pura pura plant", t'uxu window or tuqu goitre, also spelled Purapurani Thojo) is a 5,416-metre-high (17,769 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality. It lies northeast of Nasa Q'ara and north of a lake named Allqa Quta. The small lake northwest of the mountain is Khunu Quta ("snow lake").

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Great Bend, Kansas
Great Bend is a city in and the county seat of Barton County, Kansas, United States.  It is named for its location at the point where the course of the Arkansas River bends east then southeast.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 14,733.  It is home to Barton Community College.

Cheyenne Bottoms
Cheyenne Bottoms is a wetland in the central Great Plains of North America. Occupying approximately 41,000 acres (170 km2; 64 sq mi) in central Kansas, it is the largest wetland in the interior United States. The Bottoms is a critical stopping point on the Central Flyway for millions of birds which migrate through the region annually.
1995–96 Syracuse Orangemen basketball team
The 1995–96 Syracuse Orangemen basketball team represented Syracuse University as a member of the Big East Conference. The head coach was Jim Boeheim, serving for his 20th year. The team played its home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York.  The team finished with a 29–9 (12–6) record, while making it to the Championship Game of the NCAA tournament.

The team was led by seniors John Wallace and Lazarus Sims. Fellow senior J.B. Reafsnyder, juniors Jason Cipolla and Otis Hill, sophomore Todd Burgan and Marius Janulis played key roles. Walk-on and future NFL star Donovan McNabb also appeared in five games.

John Wallace (basketball)
John Gilbert Wallace (born February 9, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player and current broadcaster on MSG Network. He also hosts a live stream and podcast called "Power Forward w/ John Wallace" on SportsCastr. A 6' 8" forward, Wallace played seven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), in addition to stints in Greece and Italy.

A 1992 graduate of Greece Athena High School in Rochester, New York, Wallace led Syracuse University to the NCAA championship game against the Kentucky Wildcats during his senior season in 1996. After his college graduation, Wallace was selected with the 18th pick in the 1996 NBA draft by the New York Knicks. He played seven seasons in the NBA with the Knicks, Toronto Raptors, Detroit Pistons, Phoenix Suns, and the Miami Heat.

Wallace is an executive board member of the Heavenly Productions Foundation, a 501c-3 charity based in Armonk, New York whose mission is to help children in need and in distress.
Acmon (father of Uranus)
In Greek mythology, Acmon (Ancient Greek: Ἄκμων) is in some sources the father of Uranus, the personification of the sky, with no mother mentioned. A fragment of Alcman is the first attestation of this parentage, and fragments of several later authors refer to Uranus as Akmonídēs ('son of Acmon'). In another genealogy, incorrectly attributed to Hesiod, Acmon is the son of Gaia, and in some sources he is identified with Uranus himself.

One scholar believes that Acmon featured in the early theogony, and another holds that he may have been the same as a different father of Uranus mentioned in an early epic poem. Acmon's name is Proto-Indo-European in origin, and several etymological explanations of his role as Uranus's father are given by ancient authors.

Pauly encyclopedias
The Pauly encyclopedias or the Pauly-Wissowa family of encyclopedias, are a set of related encyclopedias on Greco-Roman topics and scholarship. The first of these, Pauly's Real-Encyclopädie der Classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in Alphabetischer Ordnung or Ur-Pauly (1839–1852), was begun by compiler August Pauly. Other encyclopedias in the set include Pauly–Wissowa (1890–1978), Little Pauly (1964–1975), and The New Pauly (1996–2012).
Maxime Old
Maxime Old (1910–1991) was a French interior architect and furniture designer. He is known for his numerous works of art, and as forerunner of the transition from the style of the 30s to modern design. Yves Badetz, chief curator at the Orsay Museum, in charge of decorative arts, confesses that “The emotions you feel when looking at Maxime Old’s creations are intense. His thoughtful esthetics freely associates the values of the rational of Bauhaus with Ruhlmann's demand for perfection. His talent is to design the refined outlines anticipating the third millennium."

Société des artistes décorateurs
The Societé des artistes décorateurs (SAD, Society of Decorative Artists) was a French society of designers of furniture, interiors and decorative arts that was active from 1901 until the 2000s. It sponsored an annual Salon des artistes décorateurs in which its members could display their new work.
Sagamite
Sagamité is a Native American stew made from hominy, cornmeal, or Indian corn and grease (from animal fat). Additional ingredients may include vegetables, wild rice, brown sugar, beans, smoked fish or animal brains.

Caddo sagamité was thick soup made from corn flour that had previously been parched and ground into a fine meal. Beans and acorn flour could be added. The Caddos served the stew in large earthenware pots for crowds during ceremonies.

Sagamité was used in ceremonies to celebrate welcomed guests by tribes such as the Peoria, Huron, Osage, and early Caddo tribes of Arkansas. According to the Illinois State Museum, the Peoria fed sagamité to explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet during the explorers’ 1673 journey to the Mississippi River, as Marquette mentions in his journal of the voyage.

Hominy
Hominy is a Mesoamerican (Mexican) food item produced from dried maize (corn) kernels that have been treated with an alkali, in a process called nixtamalization (nextamalli is the Nahuatl word for "hominy"). "Lye hominy" is a type of hominy made with lye. The word "hominy" comes from the Powhatan -homen, literally, "that treated (in the way specified)."
John Erik Kaada
John Erik Kaada (born 28 July 1975), also known by the mononym Kaada, is a Norwegian singer-songwriter, producer, film score composer and multi-instrumentalist. Kaada's career spans a string of solo albums, motion picture soundtracks, high-profile collaborations with key players such as Mike Patton, as well as numerous live appearances at home and abroad.

Roskilde Festival
The Roskilde Festival is a Danish music festival held annually south of Roskilde. It is one of the largest music festivals in Europe and the largest in the Nordic countries. It was created in 1971 by two high school students and a promoter. In 1972, the festival was taken over by the Roskilde Foundation, which has since run the festival as a non-profit organization for development and support of music, culture and humanism. In 2014, the Roskilde Foundation provided festival participants with the opportunity to nominate and vote upon which organizations should receive funds raised by the festival.

The Roskilde Festival was Denmark's first music-oriented festival created for hippies, and today covers more of the mainstream youth from Scandinavia and the rest of Europe. Most festival visitors are Danes, but there are also many visitors from elsewhere, especially the other Scandinavian countries and Germany.
Azzi Fudd
Azzi Jazlyn Fudd (/ˈeɪzi/ AY-zee; born November 11, 2002) is an American college basketball player for the UConn Huskies of the Big East Conference. She attended St. John's College High School in Washington, D.C., where she was ranked as the number one recruit in her class by ESPN and won national player of the year honors. Fudd was on the UConn team that reached the 2022 national championship game as a freshman, and won the 2025 national championship game as a senior.

St. John's Red Storm women's basketball
The St. John's Red Storm women's basketball team represents St. John's University in New York City, New York, United States. The school's team competes in the Big East, where it has competed since the 1982–1983 season.  The women’s basketball team began competing in the AIAW in 1974–1975 under coach Vickie Kresse, obtaining a 10–8 record and its first winning season.  The Red Storm are coached by Joe Tartamella, who took the helm of the program in 2012.
Clermont Auvergne Métropole
Clermont Auvergne Métropole (French pronunciation: [klɛʁmɔ̃ ovɛʁɲ metʁɔpɔl]) is the métropole, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Clermont-Ferrand. It is located in the Puy-de-Dôme department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, central France. It was created in January 2018, replacing the communauté urbaine that had replaced the previous communauté d'agglomération Clermont-Communauté in January 2017. Its area is 300.6 km2. Its population was 294,127 in 2018, of which 146,734 in Clermont-Ferrand proper.

Métropole
A métropole (French pronunciation: [metʁɔpɔl] ⓘ; French for "metropolis") is an administrative entity in France, in which several communes cooperate, and which has the right to levy local tax, an établissement public de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre. It is the most integrated form of intercommunality in France, more than the communauté urbaine, the communauté d'agglomération and the Communauté de communes. The métropoles were created by a law of January 2014.

As of January 2025, there are 19 métropoles, and 2 métropoles with special status: Paris and Marseille (all in metropolitan France). Although the official name of the Metropolis of Lyon contains the word "métropole", legally, it is a territorial collectivity.
Kent County Cricket Club in 2008
In 2008, Kent County Cricket Club competed in Division One of the County Championship, the South-East Division of the 50-over Friends Provident Trophy, Division Two of the NatWest Pro40 and the South Division of the Twenty20 Cup. Kent also hosted a three-day first-class match against the touring New Zealanders and a three-day match without first-class status against Leeds/Bradford UCCE, both at the St Lawrence Ground.

Kent were relegated from Division One of the County Championship, finishing second from bottom. They performed more strongly in limited overs cricket, finishing fourth in Division Two of the NatWest Pro40 and reaching the final of both the Twenty20 Cup and the Friends Provident Trophy, where they were defeated by Middlesex and Essex, respectively. Kent had been the defending champions in the Twenty20 Cup.

Leeds/Bradford MCC University
Leeds/Bradford MCC University, formerly Leeds/Bradford University Centre of Cricketing Excellence, commonly abbreviated to Leeds/Bradford MCCU, is one of six University Centres of Cricketing Excellence supported by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).

Leeds/Bradford MCCU play three matches a year against first-class counties. For the first time, in 2012 two of these three matches were given first-class status. In the first of these, their first ever first-class fixture, they lost to Surrey by only two runs. They had previously beaten the same opposition in a non first-class fixture in 2005.

The former Bradford/Leeds University Centre of Cricketing Excellence team did not play first-class cricket. As Leeds/Bradford Marylebone Cricket Club University, the team has played eight first-class matches from 2012 to 2015 (i.e., two per season in early April).
Howard Smith Company Building, Townsville
Howard Smith Company Building is a heritage-listed office building at 224 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Charles Dalton Lynch and Walter Hunt and built from 1910 to 1911 by Hanson & Sons. It is also known as Patterson, and Reid & Bruce Ltd Building and Agora House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Townsville City, Queensland
Townsville City is a coastal suburb at the centre of the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Townsville City had a population of 2,945 people.

It is the city's central business district and a major hub for businesses of all sectors in the Northern Australia region.
1996 Marbella Open
The 1996 Marbella Open was a men's tennis tournament played on the outdoor clay courts at Club de Tenis Puente Romano in Marbella, Spain and was part of the World Series of the 1996 ATP Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament (after being held in Valencia the previous year) and was held from 30 September until 6 October 1996. Unseeded Marc-Kevin Goellner won the singles title.

1996 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Electoral district of De Grey
De Grey was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1901.

The district was located in the Western Australian outback, in the north of the state. It was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election but was abolished after three parliamentary terms. In 1898, it included the settlement of Condon together with various pastoral leases along the De Grey, Fortescue and Yule Rivers.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
VMmark
VMmark is a freeware virtual machine benchmark software suite from VMware, Inc.  The suite measures the performance of virtualized servers while running under load on a set of physical hardware.  VMmark was independently developed by VMware.

VMware
VMware LLC is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, U.S. On November 22, 2023, Broadcom acquired VMware in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at $69 billion, with the End-User Computing  division of VMware then sold to KKR and rebranded to Omnissa. VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86 architecture.

VMware's desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. VMware ESXi, its enterprise software hypervisor, is an operating system that runs on server hardware.
Koh-Lanta: Raja Ampat
Koh-Lanta: Raja Ampat is the 11th season of Koh-lanta, the French version of Survivor. This season takes place in Indonesia on the archipelago of Raja Ampat Islands, and began broadcasting on TF1 on 9 September 2011, every Friday at 8:45pm (7:45 p.m. UTC) before Secret Story 2011.

Two new rules were introduced in this season. One is taken directly from the American Survivor format: the hidden immunity idol (represented as a necklace). There is also a new rule called the black vote, which allows an eliminated contestant to take revenge by voting once more against one of the remaining contestants. The finale was broadcast 16 December 2011 when, after 41 days, Gérard Urdampilleta won in a 7-2 jury vote against Teheiura Teahui to be given the title of Sole Survivor.

Secret Story (French TV series) season 5
Secret Story 5 is the fifth edition of the French reality show Secret Story. It started on July 8 at 8:45 pm on TF1 and concluded on October 14, 2011, lasting 98 days. The winner of this season is Marie Garet.
Abbas Khan Afridi
Abbas Khan Afridi (Urdu: عباس خان آفریدی; 1 September 1970 – 6 June 2025) was a Pakistani politician and businessman who served as the Federal Minister of Textile Industry in 2014-2015 and had been a member of the Senate of Pakistan. Afridi was the second-highest tax payer in the country in 2013.

NA-35 Kohat
NA-35 Kohat (این اے-35، کوہاٹ) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It covers tho whole of district Kohat. The constituency was formerly known as NA-14 Kohat from 1977 to 2018. The name changed to NA-32 Kohat after the delimitation in 2018 and to NA-35 Kohat after the delimitation in 2022.
Democracy indices
Democracy indices are quantitative and comparative assessments of the state of democracy for different countries according to various definitions of democracy.

The democracy indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies, hybrid regimes, and autocracies, or continuous values. The qualitative nature of democracy indices enables data analytical approaches for studying causal mechanisms of regime transformation processes.

Democracy indices vary in their scope and the weight assigned to different aspects of democracy. These aspects include the breadth and strength of core democratic institutions, freedom of expression, the competitiveness and inclusiveness of polyarchy, governance quality, adherence to democratic norms, co-option of opposition, and other related factors, such as electoral system manipulation, electoral fraud, and popular support of anti-democratic alternatives.

Bertelsmann Transformation Index
The Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) is a measure of the development status and governance of political and economic transformation processes in developing and transition countries around the world. The BTI has been published biennially by the Bertelsmann Stiftung since 2005, most recently in 2024 on 137 countries.

The index measures and compares the quality of government action in a ranking list based on self-recorded data and analyzes successes and setbacks on the path to constitutional democracy and a market economy accompanied by sociopolitical support. For this purpose, the "Status Index" is calculated on the general level of development with regard to democratic and market-economy characteristics and the "Management Index" on the political management of decision-makers.
Age of consent in Africa
The age of consent in Africa for sexual activity varies by jurisdiction across the continent, codified in laws which may also stipulate the specific activities that are permitted or the gender of participants for different ages. Other variables may exist, such as close-in-age exemptions.

Six nations in Africa (Benin, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Niger and Madagascar) have a higher age of consent for same-sex sexual relations than opposite-sex ones; every other African country either has an equal age of consent for both acts or bans homosexual acts altogether regardless of age.

The highlighted age refers to an age at or above which an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another person who is also at or above that age. Other variables are stated when relevant.

Sexual Offences Act, 1957
The Sexual Offences Act, 1957 (Act No. 23 of 1957, originally the Immorality Act, 1957) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which, in its current form, prohibits prostitution, brothel-keeping and procuring, and other activities related to prostitution. Before the law relating to sex offences was consolidated and revised by the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, it also prohibited various other sex offences, including sex with children under the age of consent and sex with the mentally incompetent. As the Immorality Act it was infamous for prohibiting sex between a white person and a person of another race, until that prohibition was removed by a 1985 amendment.