hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Oeiras Indoors II
The 2024 Oeiras Indoors II was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oeiras, Portugal from 8 to 13 January 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Sidney Mintz
Sidney Wilfred Mintz (November 16, 1922 – December 27, 2015) was an American anthropologist best known for his studies of the Caribbean, creolization, and the anthropology of food. Mintz received his PhD at Columbia University in 1951 and conducted his primary fieldwork among sugar-cane workers in Puerto Rico. Later expanding his ethnographic research to Haiti and Jamaica, he produced historical and ethnographic studies of slavery and global capitalism, cultural hybridity, Caribbean peasants, and the political economy of food commodities. He taught for two decades at Yale University before helping to found the Anthropology Department at Johns Hopkins University, where he remained for the duration of his career. Mintz's history of sugar, Sweetness and Power, is considered one of the most influential publications in cultural anthropology and food studies.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Hallie Paxson Winsborough
Hallie Paxson Winsborough (March 7, 1865 – June 20, 1940) was an American church worker. As the first Secretary of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Presbyterian Church, U.S., she worked for civil rights and interracial cooperation, especially in the American South. She was also a founding member of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (AWSPL).

Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
The Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) was a women's organization founded by Jessie Daniel Ames in Atlanta, Georgia in November 1930, to lobby and campaign against the lynching of African Americans. The group was made up of middle and upper-class white women. While active, the group had "a presence in every county in the South" of the United States. It was loosely organized and only accepted white women as members because they "believed that only white women could influence other white women." Many of the women involved were also members of missionary societies. Along with the Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), the ASWPL had an important effect on popular opinion among whites relating to lynching.
Ontario Hockey Federation
The Ontario Hockey Federation (OHF) is the governing body of all sanctioned ice hockey in the province of Ontario in Canada, except for those portions governed by Hockey Northwestern Ontario and the Hockey Eastern Ontario.  The federation is one of Hockey Canada's thirteen regional branches.

During the summer in 1989, the Metro Toronto Hockey League (MTHL) and the Ontario Minor Hockey Association (OMHA), broke away from the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) and formed the Central Canada Hockey Association, due to disagreement with an OHA restructuring proposal which would have limited their voting powers. The dispute ended when the OHF was established, with equal representation for the OHA, Northern Ontario Hockey Association, MTHL, and OMHA. OHA president Brent Ladds was named executive director of the OHF, which was given the mandate to oversee hockey in Ontario, and be a review panel for three years to propose further restructuring if necessary.

Hockey Eastern Ontario
Hockey Eastern Ontario (HEO), formerly the Ottawa District Hockey Association (ODHA) and the Ottawa and District Amateur Hockey Association (ODAHA), is the governing body of a variety of ice hockey Junior leagues and a minor hockey system based out of the Greater Ottawa area and Southwestern Quebec. It is one of thirteen regional branches of Hockey Canada.  The ODHA became HEO in the Summer of 2013.
Archaeal transcription
Archaeal transcription is the process in which a segment of archaeal DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of RNA using the sole Pol II-like RNA polymerase (RNAP). The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end result is a strand of RNA that is complementary to a single strand of DNA. A number of transcription factors govern this process with homologs in both bacteria and eukaryotes, with the core machinery more similar to eukaryotic transcription.

Because archaea lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus like bacteria do, transcription and translation can happen at the same time on a newly-generated piece of mRNA. Operons are widespread in archaea.

RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase. A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to upstream gene promoters and begin transcription.
Allan Slaight
John Allan Slaight, CM (July 19, 1931 – September 19, 2021) was a Canadian rock and roll radio pioneer, media mogul, and philanthropist. He began his career as an amateur magician before moving to radio. He was the founder of Slaight Communications and the president and CEO of Standard Broadcasting Corporation Limited, which was Canada's largest privately owned multimedia company at the time. He was also an active philanthropist and founder of the Slaight Family Foundation. On September 19, 2021, he died in his home in Toronto, Ontario, at the age of 90.

CHAB (AM)
CHAB (800 AM) is a radio station in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Owned by Golden West Broadcasting, it broadcasts a classic hits format serving Moose Jaw and the surrounding area.

The station first began broadcasting in 1922 at 1200 AM as 10AB before becoming CHAB on December 17, 1933, before moving to 1220 AM in 1941 and to its current dial position at 800 AM in 1946. CHAB broadcasts with a power of 10,000 watts day and night, with a directional three-tower antenna during nighttime hours and a non-directional antenna during the daytime.

CHAB's studios are located alongside its sister stations at 1704 Main Street North in Moose Jaw.
Salzhausen (Samtgemeinde)
Salzhausen is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Salzhausen.

The Samtgemeinde Salzhausen consists of the following municipalities:

Eyendorf

Garlstorf

Garstedt

Gödenstorf

Salzhausen

Toppenstedt

Vierhöfen

Wulfsen

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
South Korean television dramas in the Philippines
In 2003, South Korean dramas began broadcasting in the Philippines. Successful Story of a Bright Girl was the first Korean drama aired in Philippine television. For more than two decades, GMA Network has aired a significant number of Filipino-dubbed Korean dramas broadcast in the Philippines.

Master's Sun
Master's Sun (Korean: 주군의 태양; RR: Jugunui taeyang) is a 2013 South Korean television series starring So Ji-sub and Gong Hyo-jin. The romantic comedy is written by the Hong sisters and aired for 17 episodes on SBS TV every Wednesday and Thursday at 21:55 (KST) from August 7 to October 3, 2013.
Western marsh harrier
The western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) is a large harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa. It is also known as the Eurasian marsh harrier. Formerly, a number of relatives were included in C. aeruginosus, which was then known as "marsh harrier". The related taxa are now generally considered to be separate species: the eastern marsh harrier (C. spilonotus), the Papuan harrier (C. spilothorax) of eastern Asia and the Wallacea, the swamp harrier (C. approximans) of Australasia and the Madagascar marsh harrier (C. maillardi) of the western Indian Ocean islands.

The western marsh harrier is often divided into two subspecies, the widely migratory C. a. aeruginosus which is found across most of its range, and C. a. harterti which is resident all-year in north-west Africa.

Swamp harrier
The swamp harrier (Circus approximans), also known as the Australasian marsh harrier or Australasian harrier, is a large, slim bird of prey widely distributed across Australasia. In New Zealand, it is also known by the Māori name kāhu. It arrived in New Zealand within the last 700 years, replacing the larger species, the extinct New Zealand endemic Eyles's harrier.

The swamp harrier belongs to the subfamily Circinae and genus Circus, which are represented worldwide, except Antarctica. The subfamily and genus are derived from the characteristic behaviour of circling flight during courtship and hawking.
Bhutan Premier League
The Bhutan Premier League, currently known as the Bank of Bhutan Premier League due to sponsorship reasons, is the men's highest division of professional football in Bhutan. It also provides Bhutan's entrant for continental competition, the AFC Challenge League.

Chukha District
27°0′N 89°30′E﻿ / ﻿27.000°N 89.500°E﻿ / 27.000; 89.500

Chukha District (Dzongkha: ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག།; Wylie: Chu-kha rdzong-khag; officially spelled "Chhukha" ) is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. The major town is Phuentsholing, the second largest city in Bhutan and its commercial capital. According to the 2017 census of Bhutan, Chhukha has a population of 68,966 people, making it the second most populous district after Thimphu, and the third most densely populated district (population density of 36.7 people per square kilometre) after Thimphu and Samtse districts.
HMS Parthian (1808)
HMS Parthian was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig sloop of the Royal Navy launched at Deptford in 1808. During the Napoleonic Wars she captured one important French privateer, and several Danish, Dutch, and French merchantmen. After the war, Parthian captured a pirate schooner near Vera Cruz. Parthian was wrecked off Alexandria on 15 May 1828.

Cherokee-class brig-sloop
The Cherokee class was a class of brig-sloops of the Royal Navy, mounting ten guns. Brig-sloops were sloops-of-war with two masts (a fore mast and a taller main mast) rather than the three masts of ship sloops.  Orders for 115 vessels were placed, including five which were cancelled and six for which the orders were replaced by ones for equivalent steam-powered paddle vessels.

Many of these sailing vessels served as mail packet ships, and more than eight assisted with exploration and surveys. The best known of the class was HMS Beagle, then considerably modified for Beagle's second survey voyage under Robert FitzRoy, with the gentleman naturalist Charles Darwin on board as a self-funded supernumerary.
North Nowra
North Nowra is a suburb of Nowra in the City of Shoalhaven in New South Wales, Australia. It lies northwest of Nowra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 5,794. There are four schools; a pre-school, a junior school, a special needs school and a stage school. Shoalhaven Zoo is found there on the north bank of the Shoalhaven River. Notable former residents include actress Christie Hayes.

Shoalhaven Zoo
Shoalhaven Zoo, formerly the Nowra Animal Park, is an animal park on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

Shoalhaven Zoo is the largest native animal park on the NSW South Coast and holds over 100 species of mostly native mammals, birds and reptiles. The park is set in 16 acres (6.5 ha) of native bushland and is situated on the Shoalhaven River.

Albino red-necked wallaby

Indian peafowl

Tufted capuchin monkey
Kazimierzów, Skierniewice County
Kazimierzów [kaʑiˈmjɛʐuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Nowy Kawęczyn, 12 km (7 mi) south of Skierniewice, and 52 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Nowy Kawęczyn
Nowy Kawęczyn [ˈnɔvɨ kaˈvɛnt͡ʂɨn] is a village in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Skierniewice and 55 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

In 2004 the village had a population of 110.
Kattesundet
Kattesundet (lit. "The Cat Strait") is a side street to the shopping street Strøget in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Vestergade in the northwest to Lavendelstræde-Slutterigade in the southeast, linking Larsbjørnsstræde with Hestemøllestræde. The buildings that line the southwest side of the street (even numbers) all date from the years after the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. Six of them, No. 2 and No. 10-18, are listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places. The other side of the street is dominated by the rear side of Copenhagen Court House (No. 13) and the Anton Rosen Jugendstil Metropol Building from 1908.

Larsbjørnsstræde
Larsbjørnsstræde is a street in the Latin Quarter of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Vestergade in the south to Sankt Peders Stræde in the north, linking Kattesundet to Teglgårdsstræde. Many of the buildings in the street date from the years after the Copenhagen Fire of 1795 and have been listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places.
George Brayton
George Bailey Brayton (1830–1892) was an American mechanical engineer and inventor. He was noted for introducing the constant pressure engine that is the basis for the gas turbine, and which is now referred to as the Brayton cycle.

Otto engine
The Otto engine is a large stationary single-cylinder internal combustion four-stroke engine, designed by the German Nicolaus Otto. It was a low-RPM machine, and only fired every other stroke due to the Otto cycle, also designed by Otto.
Medieval stained glass
Medieval stained glass is the colored and painted glass of medieval Europe from the 10th century to the 16th century. For much of this period stained glass windows were the major pictorial art form, particularly in northern France, Germany and England, where windows tended to be larger than in southern Europe (in Italy, for example, frescos were more common). In some countries, such as Sweden and England, only a small number of original stained windows have survived to this day.

Stained glass windows were used predominantly in churches, but were also found in wealthy domestic settings and public buildings such as town halls, though surviving examples of secular glass are rather rare in comparison. Stained glass windows were used in churches to enhance their beauty and to inform the viewer through narrative or symbolism. The subject matter was generally religious in churches, though "portraits" and heraldry were often included.

Forest glass
Forest glass  (German: Waldglas) is a type of medieval glass produced in northwestern and central Europe from approximately 1000–1700 AD using wood ash and sand as the main raw materials and made in factories known as glasshouses in forest areas. It is characterized by a variety of greenish-yellow colors, the earlier products often being of crude design and poor quality, and was used mainly for everyday vessels and increasingly for ecclesiastical stained glass windows. Its composition and manufacture contrast sharply with Roman and pre-Roman glassmaking, centered on Mediterranean and contemporaneous Byzantine and Islamic glassmaking to the east.
Phedap Rural Municipality
Phedap (Nepali: फेदाप गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of four rural municipality located in Tehrathum District of Koshi Province of Nepal. There are a total of 6 municipalities in Tehrathum in which 2 are urban and 4 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Phedap has an area of 110.83 square kilometres (42.79 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 17700 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Oyakjung, Jaljale, Simle, Ishibu and Samdu which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 5 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Simle.

Oyakjung
Oyakjung is a village development committee in the Himalayas of Terhathum District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal (Purvanchal Nepal). At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4648 people living in 819 individual households.
1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador
During the Salvadoran Civil War, on 16 November 1989, Salvadoran Army soldiers killed six Jesuits and two women, the caretaker's wife and daughter, at their residence on the campus of Central American University (known as UCA El Salvador) in San Salvador, El Salvador. Polaroid photos of the Jesuits' bullet-riddled bodies were on display in the hallway outside the chapel, and a memorial rose garden was planted beside the chapel to commemorate the murders.

The Jesuits were advocates of a negotiated settlement between the government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), the guerrilla organization that had fought the government for a decade. The murders attracted international attention to the Jesuits' efforts and increased international pressure for a cease-fire, representing one of the key turning points that led toward a negotiated settlement to the war.

Center for Justice and Accountability
The Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA) is a US non-profit international human rights organization based in San Francisco, California.  Founded in 1998, CJA represents survivors of torture and other grave human rights abuses in cases against individual rights violators before U.S. and Spanish courts.  CJA has pioneered the use of civil litigation in the United States as a means of redress for survivors from around the world.
The Wharf (newspaper)
The Wharf was a free local newspaper produced at Canary Wharf, England.

It was set up in 1998, as such covering the transformation of the Isle of Dogs as it became an important financial centre. The Wharf was based in One Canada Square, a sister paper to the Daily Mirror, the Sunday Mirror and The People, all part of the Mirror Group Newspapers, itself part of Trinity Mirror now Reach PLC.

A free publication, The Wharf was published weekly and aimed to provide news and entertainment to the tens of thousands of people who work on the Canary Wharf estate. The title ceased publication in December 2018. In February 2019, former staff members set up Wharf Life, a fortnightly publication as a spiritual successor.

Sunday Mirror
The Sunday Mirror is the Sunday sister paper of the Daily Mirror. It began life in 1915 as the Sunday Pictorial and was renamed the Sunday Mirror in 1963.  In 2016 it had an average weekly circulation of 620,861, dropping markedly to 505,508 the following year. Competing closely with other papers, in July 2011, on the second weekend after the closure of the News of the World, more than 2,000,000 copies sold, the highest level since January 2000.
Saleemullah Khan
Saleemullah Khan (1921 – 15 January 2017) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar, who was the former President of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan.

His students include Rafi Usmani, Maulana Abdul Aziz, Mazoor Mengal and Taqi Usmani.

He established Jamia Farooqia in Karachi in 1967.

Khan died on 15 January 2017 in Karachi, Pakistan.

Manzoor Mengal
Manzoor Ahmad Mengal (c. 1963) is a Pakistani Islamic scholar from Balochistan, who serves as the Sheikh al-Hadīṯh at the Jamia Siddiqia and Jamia Farooqia. He is a supporter of the Sunni Deobandi organization Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F).
SolveSpace
SolveSpace is a free and open-source 2D/3D constraint-based parametric computer-aided design (CAD) software that supports basic 2D and 3D constructive solid geometry modeling.

It is a constraint-based parametric modeler with simple mechanical simulation capabilities. Version 2.1 and onward runs on Windows, Linux and macOS. The Linux version is shipped as a snap and native packages. It supports STEP and DFX for import and export. By default, SolveSpace utilizes its own CAD file format called .slvs for model storage. It is possible to export models as a whole or in part to various formats such as PDF, SVG, or Encapsulated PostScript (EPS).

It was initially created by Jonathan Westhues and as of 2022 is maintained by a community of volunteers.

Snap (software)
Snap is a software packaging and deployment system developed by Canonical for operating systems that use the Linux kernel and the systemd init system. The packages, called snaps, and the tool for using them, snapd, work across a range of Linux distributions and allow upstream software developers to distribute their applications directly to users. Snaps are self-contained applications running in a sandbox with mediated access to the host system.
2012 Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction election
The 2012 Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction election was held on November 6, 2012, to elect the superintendent of public instruction of Washington, concurrently with the 2012 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of Washington. Incumbent Superintendent of Public Instruction Randy Dorn was re-elected to a second term unopposed.

2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the ten U.S. representatives from the state, one from each of the state's ten congressional districts, a gain of one seat following the 2010 United States census. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a federal quadrennial presidential election, concurrent statewide gubernatorial election, quadrennial statewide lieutenant gubernatorial election, and an election to the U.S. Senate. The state certified the returns on December 6, 2012. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.