hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criticism of the theory of relativity
Criticism of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein was mainly expressed in the early years after its publication in the early twentieth century, on scientific, pseudoscientific, philosophical, or ideological bases. Though some of these criticisms had the support of reputable scientists, Einstein's theory of relativity is now accepted by the scientific community.

Reasons for criticism of the theory of relativity have included alternative theories, rejection of the abstract-mathematical method, and alleged errors of the theory. Antisemitic objections to Einstein's Jewish heritage also occasionally played a role in these objections. There are still some critics of relativity today, but their opinions are not shared by the majority in the scientific community.

Ludwik Silberstein
Ludwik Silberstein (May 17, 1872 – January 17, 1948)  was a Polish-American physicist who helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework. His textbook The Theory of Relativity was published by Macmillan in 1914 with a second edition, expanded to include general relativity, in 1924.
G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board
G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board (later named Grimm v. Gloucester County School Board) was a court case dealing with transgender rights in the United States. The case involved a transgender boy attending a Virginia high school, who sued the local school board after he was forced to use girls' restrooms based on his assigned gender under the school board's policy. While the Fourth Circuit ruled in favor of the student based on Obama administration policy related to Title IX protections, the election of Donald Trump changed the underlying policy. A pending hearing before the Supreme Court of the United States was vacated and the case was sent back to the Fourth Circuit.

Due to recent case law, including the Supreme Court decision in Bostock v. Clayton County, the Fourth Circuit ruled again in favor of the student; the Supreme Court refused to hear the case by denying certiorari in 2021, allowing the Fourth Circuit's judgment to stand.

Doe v. Regional School Unit 26
Doe v. Regional School Unit 26 (also referred to as Doe v. Clenchy) was a landmark anti-discrimination case decided by the Maine Supreme Judicial Court in June 2013 involving right of transgender student Nicole Maines to use the female bathroom in her high school. Upon initial filing, Maines was referenced by the pseudonym "Susan Doe" in court papers to protect her identity.

The case marked the first time that a state court ruled that denying a transgender student access to the bathroom consistent with their gender identity is unlawful.
Sarkha
The Sarkha (Arabic: الصرخة, lit. 'The scream / The collective outcry') is the political slogan of the Houthis, a Zaydi-Shia revivalist political and military organization in Yemen, that reads "God is great, Death to America, Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews, Victory to Islam" on a vertical banner of Arabic text. It is often printed on a white background, with the Islamic statements coloured green and the statements about the group's enemies appear in a red font resembling barbed wire.

Death to Israel
"Death to Israel" (also "Down with Israel") is a political slogan against Israel, which is most often used in Iran. Every year, Iranian pilgrims sing the slogan of "death to Israel" during the Hajj rituals and the ceremony of disavowal of polytheists. This slogan is especially chanted against Israel by demonstrators on Quds Day and is often accompanied by the burning of the Israeli flag. This slogan has also been used in the atmosphere of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran. In the film released from Iran's missile exercise during Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency, the slogan "Death to Israel" was written on ballistic missiles that were fired at replicas. In Iran, the slogan is not merely rhetorical but reflects the government's view of Israel's position in the region, and is a central component of Iran's policy of seeking Israel's destruction.
Miss World Panamá 2019
Miss World Panamá 2019 was the 7th Miss World Panamá pageant, held to select Panama's representative to the Miss World pageant. This was the first edition of the renewed Miss World Panama Pageant, after the Miss World organization awarded the license to event producer Edwin Dominguez who had been named the new director of the pageant in 2016.

Seventeen preliminary contestants were selected from all over Panama and competed for the crown. Señorita Panamá World 2018 Solaris De la Luna Barba Cañizales of Herrera crowned Agustina Ruíz of Herrera as her successor at the end of the event.

Agustina Ruíz Miss World Panamá 2019 was to compete in Miss World 2019 on December 14, 2019, at the ExCeL London in London, United Kingdom.

Herrera Province
7°50′N 80°40′W﻿ / ﻿7.833°N 80.667°W﻿ / 7.833; -80.667

Herrera (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈreɾa]) is a province in Panama. Named after General Tomás Herrera, the province was founded on January 18, 1915 from a division of the Los Santos province.  The capital city of Herrera is Chitré, which is located near the province's coastline.  Herrera is bordered on the north by the provinces of Veraguas and Coclé, on the south by the province of Los Santos, on the east by Golfo de Parita and the province of Los Santos, and on the west by the province of Veraguas.
Sri Lanka Military Academy
The Sri Lanka Military Academy (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදා විද්‍යාපීඨය, romanized: śrī laṁkā yuddha hamudā vidyāpīṭhaya) (SLMA or SLMA Diyatalawa), commonly known simply as Diyatalawa, is the oldest military academy in Sri Lanka, and trains commissioned officers for the Sri Lanka Army. It is located in the garrison town of Diyatalawa in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. It has capacity to train more than 300 cadets.

Gemunu Watch
The Gemunu Watch (GW) ("King Dutugemunu's Own")  is a infantry regiment of the Sri Lanka Army, formed with troops from the Ceylon Light Infantry and the Ceylon Sinha Regiment in 1962. It has been deployed in many major operations against the LTTE. It is made up of 17 regular units, 1 RHQ unit and 9 volunteer units. Headquartered at Kuruwita Army Camp, Ratnapura. It is named after one of the most famous Lankan Kings, King Dutugemunu.
CopperString
CopperString is a proposed electricity connection between Townsville in North Queensland to Mount Isa in North-West Queensland, Australia. It will be approximately 840 to 1,000 kilometres (520 to 620 mi) long. It is expected to pass through the towns of Charters Towers, Pentland, Hughenden, Richmond, Julia Creek, and Cloncurry. It is a project of the Queensland Government to improve the affordability and availability of electricity in North and North-West Queensland. It is expected to be completed by 2032.

North Queensland
North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.  The region is prone to floods and cyclones.

The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).
Paolo Ignazio Maria Thaon di Revel
Paolo Ignazio Maria Thaon di Revel (2 May 1888 – 1 June 1973) was an Italian politician and fencer. He was the son of Count Vittorio Thaon di Revel and Elfrida Maria Atkinson. He fought in the First World War. He was also Mayor of Torino (1929–35) and Italian Minister of Finance (1935–43) in the Mussolini Cabinet. After the war, he was president of the organising committee of the 1956 Winter Olympics at Cortina d'Ampezzo.

He won a gold medal in the team épée event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Mussolini government
The Mussolini government was the longest-lasting government in the history of Italy. The Cabinet administered the country from 31 October 1922 to 25 July 1943, for a total of 7,572 days, or 20 years, 8 months and 25 days.

On taking office, the government was composed by members from National Fascist Party, Italian People's Party, Social Democracy, Italian Liberal Party, Italian Nationalist Association and other independent politicians. However, since 1 July 1924, all other parties were purged and the government was composed exclusively of Fascists, except for a few military officers.

The government fell following the approval of the Grandi motion by the Grand Council of Fascism on 25 July 1943.
Micronations and the Search for Sovereignty
Micronations and the Search for Sovereignty is a 2021 book by Australian constitutional law specialists Harry Hobbs and George Williams about micronations and their legal status. Written from an academic perspective, it is one of few works on micronational movements and the earliest-published book to focus largely on the legal aspect of micronations. The book concerns the definition of statehood, the place of micronations within international law, people's motivations for declaring them, the micronational community and the ways by which such entities mimic sovereign states. In 2022 Hobbs and Williams published a book for a broader audience, How to Rule Your Own Country: The Weird and Wonderful World of Micronations.

International Micropatrological Society
The International Micropatrological Society (IMS) was an American learned society and research institute dedicated to the study of micronations. Founded in 1973 by Frederick W. Lehmann IV of St. Louis, Missouri, the IMS coined micropatrology as the study of micronations and micronationalism. It had documented 128 micronations and similar political entities by 1976.

The IMS assessed the legitimacy of micronational claims in five categories—B ("bogus"), E ("extinct"), F ("fiction"), T ("traditional") and O ("other"); according to the IMS, only micronations rated T or O had good chances of achieving independence. Owned by Lehmann and Christopher Martin, the IMS had offices in St. Louis, Missouri and King's Lynn, Norfolk, England. According to the Yearbook of International Organizations, the IMS was disestablished in 1988.
UCLA Bruins track and field
The UCLA Bruins track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruins compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team is based in Los Angeles, at the Drake Stadium.

The program is coached by Joanna Hayes. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

The teams have won fifteen national titles since their first in 1956. At the 1987 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships, UCLA set the record for the highest ever winning margin, scoring 81 points compared to 28 points for second place. Jackie Robinson won the 1940 NCAA track and field championships title in the long jump for the Bruins before his baseball career. In 2020, UCLA track coach Avery Anderson shared a letter with the team on racial injustice that was subsequently published.

Drake Stadium (UCLA)
Drake Stadium is an 11,700-capacity stadium in Los Angeles, California on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The home of the UCLA Bruins men's and women's track and field teams, it was built in 1969 and is named for UCLA track legend Elvin C. "Ducky" Drake, a student-athlete, track coach, and athletic trainer for over 60 years. Drake was also the home of the men's and women's soccer teams until 2017, when the nearby Wallis Annenberg Stadium opened.
Kypshak
Kypshak (Kazakh: Қыпшақ), also known as Azhibeksor (Kazakh: Әжібайсор; Russian: Ажибексор), is a salt lake in Nura District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan.

In the 1930s Kypshak dried up and turned into a salt pan, but in the following decades it filled up once more and on the USSR topographic map of 1989 it was marked again as a lake.

Karaganda Region
Karaganda Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Karaganda. The region borders Akmola and Pavlodar Region to the north; Abai Region to the east; Jetisu, Almaty, and Zhambyl Regions to the south; and Kostanay and Ulytau regions to the west.

In 2022, the western parts of this region was split off and became the Ulytau Region.
Glenn Jackson
Glenn L. Jackson (nickname "Mr. Oregon"; April 27, 1902 – June 20, 1980) was a businessman in the U.S. state of Oregon, and an influential transportation planner in the state. He made a strong mark on the state as a 20-year member, and later chair, of the Oregon State Highway Commission, later known as the Oregon Transportation Commission. He was initially appointed to the commission by Governor Mark Hatfield in 1959. He became chair in 1962, and was reappointed by Governors Tom McCall and Robert Straub. Jackson directed the planning and construction of 700 miles (1,100 km) of freeway and more than 800 bridges, including the Fremont, Astoria–Megler, and Marquam bridges.

Robert W. Straub
Robert William Straub (May 6, 1920 – November 27, 2002) was an American politician and businessman from the state of Oregon. A native of San Francisco, California, he settled in Eugene, Oregon, where he entered politics. A Democratic politician, he served in the Oregon State Senate, as the Oregon State Treasurer, and one term as the 31st Governor of Oregon from 1975 to 1979. Like his perennial opponent for governor, Tom McCall, he was a noted environmentalist.
Frightful Cave
Frightful Cave (Spanish: Cueva Espantosa) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the state of Coahuila in northern Mexico. It was occupied on several occasions during the Archaic period by what seem to be nomadic hunter-gatherer groups and is an important source of archaeological evidence concerning the ancient desert tradition of the Central Mexican highlands.

Walter Taylor (archaeologist)
Walter Willard Taylor Jr. (1913 – April 14, 1997) was an American anthropologist and archaeologist most famous for his work at Coahuila in Mexico and his "Conjunctive archaeology", a method of studying the past combining elements of both the traditional archaeology of the period and the allied field of anthropology. This was exemplified by his work  A Study of Archeology.
COCERAL
COCERAL (Acronym for Comité du Commerce des céréales, aliments du bétail, oléagineux, huile d'olive, huiles et graisses et agrofournitures) is a European association, representing the trade in cereals, rice, feedstuffs, oilseeds, olive oil, oils and fats and agrosupply.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
2020 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2020 lists the national/federal elections held in 2020 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.

2020 Kiribati parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Kiribati in 2020 to elect members of the House of Assembly. The elections were originally planned on 7 April 2020, with a second round of voting to be held on 15 April 2020. However, in late March the Electoral Commission changed the voting date to 14 April 2020, with a second round on 21 April 2020.

The elections resulted in President Taneti Maamau's pro-China Tobwaan Kiribati Party losing a majority in parliament to parties either supportive of Taiwan or critical of his handling of diplomatic recognition of China.
However, on 22 May, during the first meeting of the new House, the 44 MPs were equally divided on two benches, with 22 supporting the new Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party and 22 the Tobwaan Kiribati Party.
Listed buildings in Loggerheads, Staffordshire
Loggerheads is a civil parish in the district of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England.  It contains 75 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, four are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Loggerheads, Ashley, Hales, Knighton, and Mucklestone, and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages, farmhouses, and farm buildings, the earlier of which are timber framed.  The Shropshire Union Canal passes through the western part of the parish, and the listed buildings associated with this include bridges, locks, two mileposts, and an aqueduct.  The other listed buildings include churches, memorials in churchyards, a well house, two country houses and associated structures, a folly, a bridge, a sewer ventilation pipe and six road mileposts.

Knighton, Newcastle-under-Lyme
Knighton is a hamlet in north west Staffordshire, England, located in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme.

It is surrounded to the west, north and east by Shropshire and can only be accessed by vehicle by passing through Shropshire. A public footpath running southwards, across fields, is the only way to access the settlement from the rest of Staffordshire without crossing into Shropshire. The B5026 road runs through Knighton.

There is a public house - the White Lion.
Gbudwe
Gbudwe Bazingbi (c. 1835), also known as Yambio, was the Azande King in South Sudan from 1870–1905.

His real name was Mbio, which means 'a kind of small antelope'. He had renamed himself "Gbudwe" (also "Gbudue"), meaning 'to tear out a man's intestines'.

E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard FBA FRAI (21 September 1902 – 11 September 1973) was an English anthropologist who was instrumental in the development of social anthropology. He was Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Oxford from 1946 to 1970.
Nitrogen fluoride
Nitrogen fluorides are compounds of chemical elements nitrogen and fluorine. Many different nitrogen fluorides are known:

Nitrogen monofluoride, NF

Nitrogen difluoride radical, ·NF2

Nitrogen trifluoride, NF3

Nitrogen pentafluoride, NF5

Dinitrogen difluoride, N2F2

Tetrafluorohydrazine, N2F4

Fluorine azide, N3F

Tetrafluoroammonium, NF4+

Tetrafluoroammonium
The tetrafluoroammonium cation (also known as perfluoroammonium) is a positively charged polyatomic ion with chemical formula NF+4. It is equivalent to the ammonium ion where the hydrogen atoms surrounding the central nitrogen atom have been replaced by fluorine. Tetrafluoroammonium ion is isoelectronic with tetrafluoromethane CF4, trifluoramine oxide ONF3, tetrafluoroborate BF−4 anion and the tetrafluoroberyllate BeF2−4 anion.

The tetrafluoroammonium ion forms salts with a large variety of fluorine-bearing anions. These include the bifluoride anion (HF−2), tetrafluorobromate (BrF−4), metal pentafluorides (MF−5 where M is Ge, Sn, or Ti), hexafluorides (MF−6 where M is P, As, Sb, Bi, or Pt), heptafluorides (MF−7 where M is W, U, or Xe), octafluorides (XeF2−8), various oxyfluorides (MF5O− where M is W or U; FSO−3, BrF4O−), and perchlorate (ClO−4). Attempts to make the nitrate salt, NF4NO3, were unsuccessful because of quick fluorination: NF+4 + NO−3 → NF3 + FONO2.
1980 Pennsylvania State Treasurer election
The Pennsylvania State Treasurer election was held on November 4, 1980. Democratic incumbent Robert E. Casey lost re-election to Republican candidate R. Budd Dwyer by a margin of 1.25%. Casey had won election to the office in 1976 due in large part to his similar name to Robert P. Casey. In 1980, Dwyer's supporters chanted, "Casey's not Casey" to remind voters his opponent was not Robert P. Casey. A reporting error in Lebanon County by the Associated Press led many to incorrectly believe Casey had defeated Dwyer until it was later corrected.

1976 Pennsylvania State Treasurer election
The Pennsylvania State Treasurer election was held on November 2, 1976. Democrat Robert E. Casey defeated Republican Patricia A. Crawford by a margin of 5.86%. Casey defeated Catherine Baker Knoll in the Democratic primary by a margin of 11.51%.

Casey's victory was due in large part to his similar name to then State Auditor General Robert P. Casey. Robert E. Casey was serving as Recorder of Deeds for Cambria County when he decided to run for office at the suggestion of a bar owner, just hours after Robert P. Casey announced he would not run for any office in 1976.
0-D Beat Drop
0-D Beat Drop is a 2009 rhythm-puzzle video game developed by Cyclone Zero and JAMS SOFT and published by Aksys Games and Arc System Works. With elements of Puyo Puyo and Lumines, the game has players organizing colored shapes onto a playing field in order to match three pieces and clear them using the game's titular Beat Drop, which requires the player to listen to the techno soundtrack. It also sponsored a Japanese K-pop band Sweat Vacation and the difficulty for this game was added based on it.

Puyo Puyo
Puyo Puyo (ぷよぷよ), formerly known as Puyo Pop outside Japan, is a series of tile-matching video games created by Compile. Sega has owned the franchise since 1998, with games after 2001 being developed by Sonic Team. Puyo Puyo was created as a spin-off franchise to Madō Monogatari (Sorcery Saga), a series of first-person dungeon crawler role-playing games by Compile from which the Puyo Puyo characters originated. The series has sold over 10 million copies, including the Madō Monogatari games.
Bhor Saidan
The Bhor Saidan, formerly also spelled Bhour Saidan and Bhoor Saiydan, is a village located 22 km from Kurukshetra and 13 km west of Thanesar on the Kurukshetra-Pehowa road near Bhureeshwar Temple, one of the pilgrimage sites on the river bed of now extinct Sarasvati River in Kurukshetra in the Indian state of Haryana. It is also the location of Crocodile Breeding Centre, Kurukshetra.

Thanesar
Thanesar (IAST: Sthāṇvīśvara) is a historic city and Hindu pilgrimage centre in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana, India. It is located approximately 160 km northwest of Delhi. The city Kurukshetra's area merges with Thanesar.

Thanesar was the capital of the Pushyabhuti dynasty, whose rulers conquered most of Aryavarta following the fall of the Gupta Empire. The Pushyabhuti emperor Prabhakarvardhana was a ruler of Thanesar in the early seventh century CE. He was succeeded by his sons, Rajyavardhana and Harsha. Harsha, also known as Harshavardhana, consolidated a vast empire over much of North India by defeating independent kings that fragmented from the Later Guptas.