hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infosys Prize
The Infosys Prize is an annual award granted to scientists, researchers, engineers and social scientists of Indian origin (not necessarily born in India) by the Infosys Science Foundation and ranks among the highest monetary awards for research in India. The prize for each category includes a gold medallion, a citation certificate, and prize money of US$100,000 (or equivalent in Indian Rupees). The prize purse is tax free for winners living in India. The winners are selected by the jury of their respective categories, headed by the jury chairs.

In 2008, the prize was jointly awarded by the Infosys Science Foundation and National Institute of Advanced Studies for mathematics. The following year, three additional categories were added: Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences. In 2010, Engineering and Computer Science was added as a category. In 2012, a sixth category, Humanities, was added.

Infosys
Infosys Limited is an Indian multinational technology company that offers information technology, business consulting, and outsourcing services. Founded in 1981 by seven engineers, the company is headquartered in Bengaluru and considered one of the Big Six Indian IT companies.

Infosys has also attracted controversies due to allegations of visa and tax fraud in the United States and for creating malfunctioning government websites.
1996 Copa Interamericana
The 1996 Copa Interamericana was the 16th. edition of the Copa Interamericana. The final took place between Argentine club Vélez Sarsfield and Costa Rican side Club Sport Cartaginés and was staged over two legs on February 17 and February 24, 1996.

Coached by Carlos Bianchi, Vélez Sarsfield team was formed by most of players that had won the 1994 Intercontinental Cup with the addition of Marcelo Herrera to replace José Basualdo (tradedd to Boca Juniors) and some players promoted from the youth divisions.

The first leg, held in Cartago, ended in a 0–0 tie while in the second leg in Buenos Aires, Vélez Sarsfield beat Cartaginés 2–0, therefore the Argentine club won their first Interamericana trophy, achieving their third international title within two years.

1994 Intercontinental Cup
The 1994 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 1 December 1994, between Milan, winners of the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League, and Vélez Sársfield, winners of the 1994 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the National Stadium in Tokyo. It was Milan's sixth appearance into the competition, after the victories in 1969, 1989, 1990 and the defeats in 1963 and 1993, whereas it was Vélez Sársfield's first appearance.

Omar Asad was named as man of the match.
WBJB-FM
WBJB-FM (90.5 MHz "Brookdale Public Radio, 90.5 The Night"). is a non-commercial, listener-supported, public radio station, owned by Brookdale Community College and licensed to Lincroft, New Jersey. It serves Central Jersey] with "The News You Need and the Music You Love."

WBJB-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 900 watts as a Class A station. Its transmitter is located on Arena Drive on the campus of Brookdale Community College in Lincroft. The station broadcasts using HD radio technology.  One digital subchannel carries alternative rock. Another subchannel airs "Brookdale Student Radio," which is free-form radio.

Lincroft, New Jersey
Lincroft is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Middletown Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the  2020 United States census, the CDP had a population of 7,060, reflecting a 15.1% increase from the 6,135 residents enumerated at the 2010 U.S. census, in turn a decline of 120 residents (-1.9%) from the 6,255 counted in the 2000 U.S. census.
Rizieq Shihab
Habib Muhammad Rizieq bin Hussein Shihab (Arabic: مُحَمَّد رِزْق شِهَاب, romanized: Muḥammad Rizq Šihāb, pronounced [mʊˈħæmmæd rizq ʃihaːb]; most commonly known as Habib Rizieq; born 24 August 1965) is an Indonesian Islamist cleric, the founder and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front (Indonesian: Front Pembela Islam, abbreviated as FPI), which was banned by the government in December 2020. Facing criminal charges in Indonesia, he lived in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020. Following his return to Indonesia, he was arrested in late 2020, accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated the COVID-19 pandemic regulations.

Aqidah
Aqidah (Arabic: عَقِيدَة, romanized: ʿaqīdah, IPA: [ʕɑˈqiːdæ], pl. عَقَائِد, ʿaqāʾid, [ʕɑˈqɑːʔɪd]) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin that means "creed". It is also called Islamic creed or Islamic theology.

Aqidah goes beyond concise statements of faith and may not be part of an ordinary Muslim's religious instruction.  It has been distinguished from iman in "taking the aspects of Iman and extending it to a detail level" often using "human interpretation or sources". Also, in contrast with iman, the word aqidah is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran.

Many schools of Islamic theology expressing different aqidah exist.  However, this term has taken a significant technical usage in the Islamic theology, and is a branch of Islamic studies describing the beliefs of Islam.
Bukit Batok memorials
The Bukit Batok Memorial is located on top of the tranquil Bukit Batok Hill upon which once stood two war memorials built by Australian POWs to commemorate the war dead of the Japanese and the Allies who fought during the decisive Battle of Bukit Timah in Singapore during the Second World War. The two memorials were destroyed after the war and only the road and stairs that used to lead to them mark its legacy today.

Bukit Batok
Bukit Batok (IPA: /ˈbʊkɪt ˌbɑːtoʊk/ BUUK-it BAH-tohk), often abbreviated as Bt Batok, is a planning area and residential town located in the eastern part of the West Region of Singapore. Bukit Batok statistically ranks in as the 25th largest, the 10th most populous and the 9th most densely populated planning area in Singapore. It is bordered by six other planning areas - Choa Chu Kang to the north and northwest, Bukit Panjang to the northeast and east, Clementi to the south, Bukit Timah to the southeast, Jurong East to the southwest and Tengah to the west.

Bukit Batok largely sits on Gombak norite, a geological formation that is found in high concentrations within the planning area itself, as well as in the western parts of neighbouring Cashew. It was this presence of the igneous rock that made Bukit Batok a pivotal location for the quarrying industry in Singapore around the turn of the mid-20th century.
Tetsuzo Fuyushiba
Tetsuzo Fuyushiba (冬柴 鉄三, Fuyushiba Tetsuzō; June 29, 1936 – December 5, 2011) was a Japanese politician of the New Komeito Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). He served as Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport as well as Minister of State for Tourism Promotion in Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's Cabinet.

Fuyushiba was born in Shenyang (which was then known as Hōten) in the Japanese-occupied territory of Manchukuo, in what is now northeastern China. He graduated from Kansai University in 1960 before working as a lawyer. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1986.

Fuyushiba died on 5 December 2011, aged 75, of acute pneumonia at a hospital in Amagasaki, Hyōgo Prefecture.

Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通大臣, Kokudo-Koutsu Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council, and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Yasushi Kaneko, who took office on October 21, 2025.
Wappa Dam
The Wappa Dam is a mass concrete gravity arch dam with earth-fill abutments and an un-gated spillway across the South Maroochy River that is located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for supply of potable water for the Sunshine Coast region. The impounded reservoir is also called Wappa Dam. The dam and most of the reservoir are within Kiamba with the most northerly part of the reservoir in Cooloolabin, both in the Sunshine Coast Region.

Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
Kilcunda railway station
Kilcunda was a railway station on the Wonthaggi line along the Bass Coast in Victoria, Australia.

It was an electric staff station from its opening until December 1916. The original station site, on a stretch of level track backing on to the ocean, was abandoned in 1925 due to coastal erosion, although a goods siding remained there until 1954. The station was moved to the former Picnic Platform, about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) to the west and closer to the town, but on a 1 in 60 grade. The station operated at that site until the line's closure in 1978. There is almost no trace left of the station, and the site is now part of the Bass Coast Rail Trail.

38°32′57″S 145°28′31″E﻿ / ﻿38.5491°S 145.4752°E﻿ / -38.5491; 145.4752

Bass Coast Shire
The Bass Coast Shire is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the southeastern part of the state. It covers an area of 866 square kilometres (334 sq mi) and in June 2018 had a population of 35,327. It includes the towns of Bass, Cape Paterson, Cape Woolamai, Corinella, Coronet Bay, Cowes, Inverloch, Kilcunda, Lang Lang, Newhaven, Rhyll, San Remo, Summerlands and Wonthaggi as well as the historic locality of Krowera. It also includes the popular tourist destination Phillip Island.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Bass Coast Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is the council headquarters in Wonthaggi, with other service centres located in Cowes, Grantville and Inverloch. The Shire is named after its most precious asset, the coasts of Bass Strait and Western Port.
Synth1
Synth1 is a software synthesizer designed by KVR user Daichi (Real name: Ichiro Toda 戸田一郎 ).  It was originally designed as an emulation of the Nord Lead 2 synthesizer, and has since become a unique Virtual Studio Technology instrument and one of the most downloaded VST plug-ins of all time. The software used to be a DirectX instrument plugin, but became solely VSTi from version 1.08 on. Version 1.13 was the first version to introduce a native 64-bit version of the plugin.

Frequency modulation synthesis
Frequency modulation synthesis (or FM synthesis) is a form of sound synthesis whereby the frequency of a waveform is changed by modulating its frequency with a modulator. The (instantaneous) frequency of an oscillator is altered in accordance with the amplitude of a modulating signal.

FM synthesis can create both harmonic and inharmonic sounds. To synthesize harmonic sounds, the modulating signal must have a harmonic relationship to the original carrier signal. As the amount of frequency modulation increases, the sound grows progressively complex. Through the use of modulators with frequencies that are non-integer multiples of the carrier signal (i.e. inharmonic), inharmonic bell-like and percussive spectra can be created.

FM synthesis using analog oscillators may result in pitch instability. However, FM synthesis can also be implemented digitally, which is more stable and became standard practice.
Stacey Humphreys
Stacey Ian Humphreys (born May 1973) is an American convicted double murderer sentenced to death in the U.S. state of Georgia. On November 3, 2003, Humphreys, who was then out on parole for a 1993 felony theft conviction, attacked two real estate agents in their office in Powder Springs, Georgia, forcing them to strip nude before he shot them, leading to the deaths of 33-year-old Cyndi Williams and 21-year-old Lori Brown. Humphreys was found guilty of malice murder on both counts, sentenced to death in 2007, and is currently on death row, awaiting execution.

Willie Pye
Willie James Pye (January 6, 1965 – March 20, 2024) was an American convicted murderer who murdered his ex-girlfriend Alicia Lynn Yarbrough after he kidnapped and raped her with two accomplices originally committing a robbery at the home of Yarbrough's boyfriend in 1993. He was executed in March 2024.

Pye, who was convicted and sentenced to death three years after the crime, remained on death row for nearly 30 years before he was put to death via lethal injection on March 20, 2024. His case became a point of controversy due to the alleged inadequate legal representation he received during the trial, which allegedly left out details of Pye's troubled childhood and other mitigating factors that may have spared his life. Pye was the first death row convict to be executed in Georgia after a four-year moratorium on executions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lucius Funisulanus Vettonianus
Lucius Funisulanus Vettonianus was a Roman general and senator during the reigns of the Flavian emperors. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of September to October 78 with Quintus Corellius Rufus as his colleague.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
The Glaucus Block
The Glaucus block is a block located by Skeppsbron, in Gamla stan in central Stockholm. The block includes the leftovers of S:t Johanneskyrkan, a monastery from the 1500s that belonged to Knights Hospitaller. Towards Skeppsbron lies two culture-historically valuable buildings from the 1600s, Brandenburgska huset and Hebbeska huset.

Sten Sture the Elder
Sten Sture the Elder (Swedish: Sten Sture den äldre; 1440 – 14 December 1503) was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden from 1470 to 1497 and again from 1501 to 1503. As the leader of the victorious Swedish separatist forces against the royal unionist forces led by Danish king Christian I during the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471, he weakened the Kalmar Union considerably and became the effective ruler of Sweden as Lord Regent for most of his remaining life.
FarmBot
FarmBot is an open source precision agriculture CNC farming project consisting of a Cartesian coordinate robot farming machine, software and documentation including a farming data repository. The project aims to "Create an open and accessible technology aiding everyone to grow food and to grow food for everyone."

Cartesian coordinate robot
A Cartesian coordinate robot (also called linear robot) is an industrial robot whose three principal axes of control are linear (i.e. they move in a straight line rather than rotate) and are at right angles to each other. The three sliding joints correspond to moving the wrist up-down, in-out, back-forth. Among other advantages, this mechanical arrangement simplifies the robot control arm solution. It has high reliability and precision when operating in three-dimensional space. As a robot coordinate system, it is also effective for horizontal travel and for stacking bins.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

Prime Minister of Malaysia
The prime minister of Malaysia (Malay: Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: ڤردان منتري مليسيا‎) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the federal government. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the prime minister who is a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The prime minister is usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election.

After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman, whom was the chief minister of the Federation of Malaya at the time, became the first prime minister of Malaysia.

The current prime minister is Anwar Ibrahim, who was elected in the 2022 Malaysian general election.
Edmonton Queer History Project
The Edmonton Queer History Project (EQHP) is a community-engaged research project focused on documenting, preserving, and making visible the history of Edmonton's 2SLGBTQ+ community. One of EQHP's most prominent initiatives is a map of 27 locations around Downtown Edmonton, each with historical significance to the local 2SLGBTQ+ community, that was initially launched in March 2022. The Project also launched an interactive website, two podcasts (From Here to Queer and Vriend Versus Alberta), and regularly hosts walking tours following the EQHP downtown map to promote the city's queer history that is often absent in school curriculum and left out of public conversation.

Vriend v Alberta
Vriend v Alberta [1998] 1 S.C.R. 493 is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada case that determined that a legislative omission can be the subject of a Charter violation. The case involved a dismissal of a teacher because of his sexual orientation and was an issue of great controversy during that period.
Alexander Milošević
Goran Alexander Sjöström Milošević (Serbian pronunciation: [alě̞ksaːndar milǒːʃeʋitɕ], Serbian Cyrillic: Александaр Милошевић; born 30 January 1992) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. A full international between 2013 and 2022, he won nine caps for the Sweden national team.

2018 Allsvenskan
The 2018 Allsvenskan, part of the 2018 Swedish football season, was the 94th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. A total of 16 teams participated. As the 2018 FIFA World Cup will start on 14 June, the last round before stoppage will be held on 27 May. The league will resume games on 7 July.

Malmö FF were the defending champions after winning the title in the previous season. AIK won the Swedish championship this season, their sixth Allsvenskan title and 12th Swedish championship overall, in the 30th round on 11 November when they won 0–1 in the away fixture against Kalmar FF at Guldfågeln Arena.
Protective equipment in gridiron football
Gridiron football players wear various pieces of equipment for the protection of the body during the course of a football game. Basic equipment worn by most football players include a helmet, shoulder pads, gloves, shoes, and thigh and knee pads, a mouthguard, and a jockstrap or compression shorts with or without a protective cup. Neck rolls, elbow pads, hip pads, tailbone pads, rib pads, and other equipment may be worn in addition to the aforementioned basics. Football protective equipment is made of synthetic materials: foam rubbers, elastics, and durable, shock-resistant, molded plastic. Football protective equipment has remained consistent in use for decades with some slight modifications made over the years in design and materials. The assignment and maintenance of football gear belongs to the team equipment manager.

Elbow pad
Elbow pads are protective padded gear worn on the elbows to protect them against injury during a fall or a strike.

Elbow pads are worn by many athletes, especially hockey players, cyclists, roller skaters, skateboarders, volleyball players, skiers  and wrestlers.  Wrestlers sometimes use elbow pads as weapons by slapping their opponents, or take it off for an Atomic Elbow.

Soldiers also often wear elbow pads.
Gezirah Palace
The Gezirah Palace (Arabic: قصر الجزيرة) was one of the Egyptian royal palaces of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.  It is located in the Zamalek district on Gezira Island in the Nile, just west of Downtown Cairo.

Muhammad Ali dynasty
The Muhammad Ali dynasty or the Alawiyya dynasty was an Albanian dynasty that ruled Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century. It is named after its progenitor, Muhammad Ali, regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.
Aunuʻu, American Samoa
Aunuʻu is a small volcanic island off the southeastern shore of Tutuila in Saʻole County, American Samoa. It has a land area of 374.83 acres (0.59 sq mi; 1.52 km2), and a 2010 census population of 436 persons. Politically, it is a part of the Eastern District, one of the two primary political divisions of American Samoa.: 424

The island of Aunu’u is home to three villages: Le’auuliuli, Saluavatia, and Alofasau. Politically, the island is divided into two sections, Saole and Saleaaumua. The entirety of Saluavatia and half of Le’auuliuli are part of Saole, while the remaining half of Le’auuliuli, along with Alofasau, constitute Saleaaumua. The names of the villages are derived from the Samoan language. Le’auuliuli translates to "the black stalk," whereas Saluavatia means "a second Vatia."

Since the 1960s, the Aunuʻu people's main economic activity has been growing taro and producing faausi.

Pacific black duck
The Pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa), commonly known as the PBD, is a dabbling duck found in much of Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and many islands in the southwestern Pacific, reaching to the Caroline Islands in the north and French Polynesia in the east. It is usually called the grey duck in New Zealand, where it is also known by its Māori name, pārera.
Cuspidine
Cuspidine is a fluorine bearing calcium silicate mineral (sorosilicate) with formula: Ca4(Si2O7)(F,OH)2. Cuspidine crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and occurs as acicular to spear shaped pale red to light brown crystals. It is a member of the wöhlerite group.

Cuspidine was first described in 1876 for an occurrence in Monte Somma, Italy. The name is from the Greek cuspis for  spear from its characteristic crystal form. Cuspidine occurs as crystals in tuff from Monte Somma. In the Franklin, New Jersey mine area it occurs in contact metamorphosed limestone. In Dupezeh Mountain, Iraq, it occurs in melilite bearing skarn. Associated minerals include augite, hornblende, diopside, grossular, biotite, phlogopite, monticellite, wollastonite, calcite, spinel, magnetite and perovskite.

Augite
Augite, also known as Augurite, is a common rock-forming  pyroxene mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6. The crystals are monoclinic and prismatic. Augite has two prominent cleavages, meeting at angles near 90 degrees.
Edward Woolnough
Edward Woolnough (5 July 1793 – 27 November 1867) was Archdeacon of Chester from July 1865 until his death.

Woolnough was born at Boyton, Suffolk and educated at Christ's College, Cambridge.  He was at Whitton from 1821 until 1849; and Northenden from 1849.

Archdeacon of Chester
The Archdeacon of Chester is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the diocese of Chester. The area in which they have statutory duties is the Archdeaconry of Chester. Those duties include some pastoral care and disciplinary supervision of the clergy in the area.

The archdeaconry was created before 1135 in (what was in 1222) the Diocese of Coventry (that diocese was called Coventry and Lichfield from 1228 and then Lichfield and Coventry from 1539); it formed part of the Diocese of Chester upon her creation in 1541 and remains so today.